gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Resonant Scatterers and Their Use for Field Measurements (1962)

A general formulation for the back-scattered field from loaded objects is given. It is shown that small resonant objects produce a much greater back-scattered field than small nonresonant ones. The theory is applied to short dipoles and small loops. The use of small resonant scatterers to measure electric and magnetic fields by scattering techniques is discussed. Resonant scatterers are found to have several advantages over nonresonant scatterers when used for field measurements.
Mechanism of action of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun. (1994)

The AP-1 transcriptional activating complex, made up of Jun and Fos protein, is involved in controlling many cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation. We have previously characterized a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun called TAM-67 which forms dimers with c-Jun and c-Fos, and binds DNA as a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun or c-Fos. This dominant-negative mutant is a potent inhibitor of AP-1 mediated transactivation, as well as c-jun/ras and TPA/ras-induced transformation. The present report describes experiments designed to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism of this dominant-negative inhibitor. The DNA binding kinetics of both TAM-67:TAM-67 homodimers as well as TAM-67:Fos heterodimers were studied and compared to those of c-Jun and other transactivation-deficient mutants of c-Jun. These studies demonstrated that the TAM-67 proteins have similar DNA binding kinetics to c-Jun and other Jun mutant proteins. Thus, the deletion of the amino-terminal end of the Jun protein does not significantly alter the protein's affinity for DNA. In addition, to determine whether TAM-67 functions through the formation of homodimers, or through interactions with endogenous c-Jun or c-Fos, we constructed a pair of chimeric proteins made by replacing the leucine zipper of TAM-67 with the leucine zippers of GCN4 and c-Fos. These chimeric proteins, termed TAM/GCN4 and TAM/Fos, were then tested for their ability to bind DNA, inhibit c-Jun-induced transactivation, and inhibit TPA/ras-mediated transformation. The results of these studies show that while both chimeric proteins bind equally well to DNA, only the TAM/Fos protein, and not the TAM/GCN4 protein, inhibits AP-1-induced transactivation and TPA/ras-induced transformation. When compared to the TAM-67 protein, the TAM/Fos protein is an equally potent inhibitor of transactivation and transformation. These results suggest that TAM-67 inhibits AP-1-mediated processes through a 'quenching' mechanism by inhibiting the function of endogenous Jun and/or Fos proteins. The implications of these mechanistic findings on the development of potent inhibitors of signal transduction pathways are discussed.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated carcinomas: facts and fiction (2003)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human tumours including lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Most EBV-associated tumours are rare or occur at higher incidence only in certain geographical regions. The recently reported detection of EBV in gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinomas raises the possibility of involvement of the virus in the pathogenesis of common cancers. This article reviews the evidence linking EBV infection to epithelial tumours. It is concluded that at present, there is no convincing evidence to suggest that breast carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are EBV-associated tumours.
In vitro selection of optimal DNA substrates for T4 RNA ligase. (1993)

We have used in vitro selection techniques to characterize DNA sequences that are ligated efficiently by T4 RNA ligase. We find that the ensemble of selected sequences ligated about 10 times as efficiently as the random mixture of sequences used as the input for selection. Surprisingly, the majority of the selected sequences approximated a well-defined consensus sequence.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1987 (1988)

This article presents the decisions of the nomenclature committee on leukocyte antigens, which met in New York on November 21–23, 1987.
Department of Pathology, Thom as Jeffe rson University, Identific ation of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. (2007)

BACKGROUND: Although numerous mouse models of breast carcinomas have been developed, we do not know the extent to which any faithfully represent clinically significant human phenotypes. To address this need, we characterized mammary tumor gene expression profiles from 13 different murine models using DNA microarrays and compared the resulting data to those from human breast tumors. RESULTS: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that six models (TgWAP-Myc, TgMMTV-Neu, TgMMTV-PyMT, TgWAP-Int3, TgWAP-Tag, and TgC3(1)-Tag) yielded tumors with distinctive and homogeneous expression patterns within each strain. However, in each of four other models (TgWAP-T121, TgMMTV-Wnt1, Brca1Co/Co;TgMMTV-Cre;p53+/- and DMBA-induced), tumors with a variety of histologies and expression profiles developed. In many models, similarities to human breast tumors were recognized, including proliferation and human breast tumor subtype signatures. Significantly, tumors of several models displayed characteristics of human basal-like breast tumors, including two models with induced Brca1 deficiencies. Tumors of other murine models shared features and trended towards significance of gene enrichment with human luminal tumors; however, these murine tumors lacked expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-regulated genes. TgMMTV-Neu tumors did not have a significant gene overlap with the human HER2+/ER- subtype and were more similar to human luminal tumors. CONCLUSION: Many of the defining characteristics of human subtypes were conserved among the mouse models. Although no single mouse model recapitulated all the expression features of a given human subtype, these shared expression features provide a common framework for an improved integration of murine mammary tumor models with human breast tumors.
Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome (1997)

Summary: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune mediated response to heparin in which antibody driven thrombosis can have a dramatic life-threatening expression. There is much interest on this subject including studies on the pathophysiologic mechanism, the clinical managements of the initial stages of HIT versus the HIT-positive patient requiring continued anticoagulation versus the HIT patient with thrombosis, the pros and cons of available alterr~aci~~ anticoagulants, and the laboratory assays to aid in the diagnosis of HIT with particular reference to the sensitivity/specificity of the new heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody titer assay. A comprehensive account of these timely issues is given in this article.
Room-temperature synthesis of a highly active vanadium-containing mesoporous molecular sieve, V-HMS (1995)

A thermally stable vanadium-containing mesoporous molecular sieve, V-HMS is synthesized at room temperature; V-HMS catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the oxidation of phenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol using either hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant.
Antitussive Effects ofL-Ephedrine, Amygdalin, and Makyokansekito (Chinese Traditional Medicine) using a Cough Model Induced by Sulfur Dioxide Gas in Mice (1986)

A cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas was devised for use with mice. In this method, the ED50 of morphine hydrochloride was 1.58 mg/kg p. o. and that of codeine phosphate was 10.28 mg/kg p. o. Using the method established, L-ephedrine hydrochloride, 0.4, 4.0 and 40 mg/kg p. o., inhibited the cough induction in a dose-dependent manner and amygdalin, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/kg p. o., also inhibited the cough induction. On the other hand, treatment of Makyokansekito, 162 mg/kg p. o., which contained Ephedrae herba (L-ephedrine, 4.6 mg/kg) and Armeniacae semen (amygdalin, 8.4 mg/kg) as component, showed stronger antitussive effects than the individual crude drugs.
Embarrassment and hygiene in the classroom (1993)

Throughout the world, large numbers of students whose mother tongue is other than English attend English-medium primary and secondary schools. A high proportion of these students do not complete their education. Among the many explanations offered are an unsupportive home environment, irregular school attendance, lack of student motivation, and home-school language switch. However, none of these explanations offers room for the teacher to take positive action in the classroom in order to promote student success. The study reported here makes the classroom the focus of investigation and examines aspects of classroom interaction which may unwittingly contribute to student failure and teacher dissatisfaction. The author identifies six common student behaviours which ‘embarrass’ or obstruct the planned flow of classroom instruction and twelve teacher strategies—hygiene resources—used to ‘clean up’ the embarrassment. Unfortunately, these also have the effect of reducing the complexity of the pedagogic tasks demanded of the students as well as the quality of the language generated in the classroom, and may contribute to student failure.
Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil on plasma lipoproteins in healthy men. (2003)

It has been reported that phytosterol esters reduce cholesterol absorption and lower serum cholesterol concentration. There have been very few studies published on the effect of dose of phytosterol esters less than 1.0 g/day on plasma cholesterol levels in healthy subjects using commonly consumed foods. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 0.45 g/day (as free sterol) phytosterol ester-enriched dissolved in vegetable oil on plasma lipoproteins in sixty healthy males with slightly elevated total cholesterol concentration. This study was conducted in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and arm parallel study. A total of 14 g/day of phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil containing 0.45 g phytosterol (as the major free sterol) was compared with a control vegetable oil containing 0.04 g phytosterol (as the major free sterol). All subjects did not change their usual dietary habit and consumed foods that included about 360 mg/day cholesterol for 12 weeks. In subjects with higher total cholesterol concentrations (>200mg/dL), the phytosterol enriched-vegetable oil significantly reduced total cholesterol (10.3%, P<0.05), very low density (VLDL) lipoprotein cholesterol (22.5%, P<0.05), and remnant-like lipoprotein (RLP) cholesterol (24.7%, P<0.01) compared with the control vegetable oil. A reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was also observed. In particular, the improvement in serum lipoprotein was more pronounced in subjects with higher total cholesterol concentrations. Triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change significantly. Plasma concentration of fat-soluble vitamins (tocopherol and retinol) and beta-carotene were not statistically significantly affected by phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil. These findings indicate that a daily consumption of phytosterol ester as low as 0.45 g/day (as free sterol) is effective in lowering blood total cholesterol concentration and RLP cholesterol concentration. Lower total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and RLP cholesterol due to consumption of the phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil may be helpful in reducing the risk of CHD in the population.
The Effect of Infections on Susceptibility to Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (2002)

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that an environment with a high incidence of infectious diseases protects against allergic and autoimmune diseases, whereas hygienic surroundings increase the incidence of these disorders. This review examines the evidence in support of the hygiene hypothesis and offers a number of mechanisms that could explain the relation between sanitary conditions and susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Presto (1999)

Traditional document systems use hierarchical filing structures as the basis for organizing, storing and retrieving documents. However, this structure is very limited in comparison with the rich and varied forms of document interaction and category management in everyday document use. Presto is a prototype document management system providing rich interaction with documents through meaningful, user-level document attributes, such as “Word file,” “published paper,” “shared with Jim,” “about Presto,” or “currently in progress” Document attributes capture the multiple different roles that a single document might play, and they allow users to rapidly reorganize their document space for the task at hand. They also provide a basis for novel document systems design and new approaches to document management and interaction. In this article, we outline the motivations behind this approach, describe the principal components of our implementation, discuss architectural consequences, and show how these support new forms of interactions with large personal document spaces.
Evidence for an Antiferromagnetic Transition in a Zeolite-Supported Cubic Lattice ofFCenters (1998)

Evidence for a bcc lattice of $F$ centers in sodium-electro-sodalite (SES), synthesized by exposing dehydrated sodalite to sodium vapor, is presented. A high electron spin density in SES produces isotropic contact shifts in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the framework nuclei whose magnitude is a discrete function of local electron density. Strong exchange coupling between unpaired electrons gives rise to an antiferromagnetic phase transition in SES at ${T}_{N}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\mathrm{K}$, providing the first example of an $s\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{electron}$ antiferromagnet.
Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices (2018)

Introduction, C.C. Chu Wound Healing and Inflammatory Response to Biomaterials, P.H. Lin, M.K. Hirko, J.A. von Fraunhofer, and H.P. Greisler Introduction Biological Tissues Inflammation and Wound Healing Foreign-Body Reactions Fibrosis and Fibrous Encapsulation Growth Factors Affecting Wound Healing Summary Surgical Needles, J.A. von Fraunhofer and C.C. Chu Introduction Needle Dimensions Needle-Suture Attachment The Needle Body Needle Points Needle Acuity Needle Biomechanics Needle Holders Summary Classification and General Characteristics of Suture Materials, C.C. Chu Absorbable vs. Nonabsorbable Suture Size Multifilament vs. Monofilament Coating Materials Four General Characteristics Summary Chemical Structure and Manufacturing Processes, C.C. Chu Absorbable Sutures Non-Absorbable Sutures Mechanical Properties, J.A. von Fraunhofer and C.C. Chu Tensile Properties Stiffness and Flexibility Viscoelastic Properties Knot Strength and Security Summary Biodegradation Properties, C.C. Chu General Biodegradation Phenomena Natural Absorbable Sutures Synthetic Absorbable Sutures Nonabsorbable Suture Materials Biological Properties of Suture Materials, M.K. Hirko, P.H. Lin, H.P. Greisler, and C.C. Chu General Tissue Reactions and Cellular Response Granuloma Formation Wound Infection Thrombogenicity Formation of Urinary Calculi Carcinogenicity Summary Suture Techniques and Selection, H.P. Greisler Surgical Principles (W. Irvin) Cardiovascular System (S.S. Kang and H.P. Greisler) Abdominal System (S.S. Kang and H.P. Greisler) Bronchial, Tracheal, and Chest System (S.S. Kang and H.P. Greisler) Obstetrics and Gynecologic System (W. Irvin) Orthopaedic System (J.R. Perez-Sanz) Ligating Clips and Staplers, J.A. von Fraunhofer Introduction Metallic Ligating Clips Polymeric Ligating Clips Other Ligating Clips Surgical Staples Staples and Clips vs. Sutures? Summary Tissue Adhesives, Y. Ikada Design Principles of Tissue Adhesives Natural Tissue Adhesion SystemoFibrin Glue Synthetic Tissue Adhesion SystemoPoly(2-Cyanoacrylate)s Hybridized Tissue Adhesive SystemoGRF New Tissue Adhesive Systems New Emerging Materials for Wound Closures, C.C. Chu Antimicrobial Sutures Materials That Could Accelerate Wound Healing Materials for Better Mechanical and Biocompatible Properties New Tissue Adhesives
Interleukin-21 induces migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial fibroblast hyperplasia and bone erosion. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis through aggressive migration and matrix invasion, and certain proinflammatory cytokines may affect synoviocyte invasion. Whether interleukin (IL)-21 influences this process remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the potential regulatory effect of IL-21 on the migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in RA-FLS. We found that IL-21 promoted the migration, invasion and MMP (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13) production in RA-FLS. Moreover, IL-21 induced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways, and blockage of these pathways [PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002, STAT-3 inhibitor STA-21 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059] attenuated IL-21-induced migration and secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-21 promotes migration and invasion of RA-FLS. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-21 might be effective for the treatment of RA.
Characterization of a Bifunctional Archaeal Acyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (2003)

Acyl coenzyme A carboxylase (acyl-CoA carboxylase) was purified from Acidianus brierleyi. The purified enzyme showed a unique subunit structure (three subunits with apparent molecular masses of 62, 59, and 20 kDa) and a molecular mass of approximately 540 kDa, indicating an alpha(4)beta(4)gamma(4) subunit structure. The optimum temperature for the enzyme was 60 to 70 degrees C, and the optimum pH was around 6.4 to 6.9. Interestingly, the purified enzyme also had propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. The apparent K(m) for acetyl-CoA was 0.17 +/- 0.03 mM, with a V(max) of 43.3 +/- 2.8 U mg(-1), and the K(m) for propionyl-CoA was 0.10 +/- 0.008 mM, with a V(max) of 40.8 +/- 1.0 U mg(-1). This result showed that A. brierleyi acyl-CoA carboxylase is a bifunctional enzyme in the modified 3-hydroxypropionate cycle. Both enzymatic activities were inhibited by malonyl-CoA, methymalonyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, or CoA but not by palmitoyl-CoA. The gene encoding acyl-CoA carboxylase was cloned and characterized. Homology searches of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 62-, 59-, and 20-kDa subunits indicated the presence of functional domains for carboxyltransferase, biotin carboxylase, and biotin carboxyl carrier protein, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment of acetyl-CoA carboxylases revealed that archaeal acyl-CoA carboxylases are closer to those of Bacteria than to those of Eucarya. The substrate-binding motifs of the enzymes are highly conserved among the three domains. The ATP-binding residues were found in the biotin carboxylase subunit, whereas the conserved biotin-binding site was located on the biotin carboxyl carrier protein. The acyl-CoA-binding site and the carboxybiotin-binding site were found in the carboxyltransferase subunit.
Prospective evaluation of serum CA 125 levels for early detection of ovarian cancer. (1992)

Detection of ovarian cancer at an early stage should reduce the mortality associated with this disease. Through the Stockholm Population Registry, 5550 apparently healthy women were enrolled in a study designed in part to define the use of the CA 125 radioimmunoassay (RIA) as an initial test for early detection of ovarian cancer. Women whose CA 125 levels were elevated and an equal number of age-matched controls with normal levels were followed by means of pelvic examinations, transabdominal sonography, and serial CA 125 determinations. Of the 175 women with high CA 125 levels, six were found to have ovarian cancer: two each in stages IA, IIB, and IIIC. Of those with normal-range CA 125 levels, three had ovarian cancer as identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry; all three were under 50 years of age. Ovarian cancer was diagnosed on laparotomy in six of the women age 50 or over. Using thresholds of 30 and 35 U/mL, the rates of specificity for the CA 125 RIA were 97 and 98.5%, respectively, for women age 50 or older, and 91 and 94.5%, respectively, for those younger than 50 years of age. Thus, the specificity of the CA 125 RIA is adequate in postmenopausal women to undertake a larger study to determine whether screening using CA 125 influences survival of patients with ovarian cancer.
A Hypothesis for the Cause of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-Type I (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy): Pain Due to Deep-Tissue Microvascular Pathology (2010)

Complex regional pain syndrome-type I (CRPS-I; reflex sympathetic dystrophy) is a chronic pain condition that usually follows a deep-tissue injury such as fracture or sprain. The cause of the pain is unknown. We have developed an animal model (chronic post-ischemia pain) that creates CRPS-I-like symptomatology. The model is produced by occluding the blood flow to one hind paw for 3 hours under general anesthesia. Following reperfusion, the treated hind paw exhibits an initial phase of hyperemia and edema. This is followed by mechano-hyperalgesia, mechano-allodynia, and cold-allodynia that lasted for at least 1 month. Light microscopic analyses and electron microscopic analyses of the nerves at the site of the tourniquet show that the majority of these animals have no sign of injury to myelinated or unmyelinated axons. However, electron microscopy shows that the ischemia-reperfusion injury produces a microvascular injury, slow-flow/no-reflow, in the capillaries of the hind paw muscle and digital nerves. We propose that the slow-flow/no-reflow phenomenon initiates and maintains deep-tissue ischemia and inflammation, leading to the activation of muscle nociceptors, and the ectopic activation of sensory afferent axons due to endoneurial ischemia and inflammation. These data, and a large body of clinical evidence, suggest that in at least a subset of CRPS-I patients, the fundamental cause of the abnormal pain sensations is ischemia and inflammation due to microvascular pathology in deep tissues, leading to a combination of inflammatory and neuropathic pain processes. Moreover, we suggest a unifying idea that relates the pathogenesis of CRPS-I to that of CRPS-II. Lastly, our hypothesis suggests that the role of the sympathetic nervous system in CRPS-I is a factor that is not fundamentally causative, but may have an important contributory role in early-stage disease.
Candida albicans Immunotherapy for Verrucae Plantaris (2015)

These results indicate that a series of intralesional injections of C albicans is an effective and efficient method of treatment for verrucae plantaris.