gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Lymphocyte Survival by the BCL-2 Gene Family (1995)

The control of cell survival is of central importance in tissues with high cell turnover such as the lymphoid system, and its disruption may be a critical step in tumorigenesis. Genes homologous to bcl-2, the oncogene implicated in human follicular lymphoma, play a key role in regulating physiologic cell death (apoptosis). Bcl-2 and its relatives bcl-x and bax encode intracellular membrane-bound proteins that share homology in three domains with a wider family of viral and cellular proteins. The Bcl-2 and Bcl-x proteins enhance the survival of lymphocytes and other cell types but do not promote their proliferation. High levels of Bax or of a smaller Bcl-x variant antagonize the survival function of Bcl-2. The mechanism by which Bcl-2 promotes cell survival remains unknown, but it appears to require association with Bax. Bcl-2 may combat the action of cysteine proteases thought to trigger apoptosis. Bcl-2 is not essential for embryogenesis or lymphoid development. However, upregulation of Bcl-2 appears to be the normal mechanism for positive selection of developing lymphocytes, and its continued expression is critical for survival of mature peripheral B and T cells. Constitutive expression of Bcl-2 does not abrogate deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes, nor disturb T lymphoid homeostasis; however, it substantially increases the pool of mature noncycling B cells. The risk of B lymphoid tumors is also enhanced, probably because Bcl-2 can countermand the apoptotic action of other oncoproteins such as Myc. Expression in tumors of bcl-2 and other cell survival genes may constitute a major barrier to the success of genotoxic cancer therapy.
Employer Associations in the Contemporary Employment Relations Landscape: Where to Now? (2000)

The increasing acceptance of enterprise bargaining by both employers and trade unions in Australia calls into question not only the ongoing role of industrial tribunals, but also that of employer associations and their traditional role in the collective representation of individual employers in both award-making and in matters arising out of awards. This article reports on the findings of three surveys of approximately twenty employer associations based in Sydney. The associations represent a cross section of both large and semi-autonomous industry associations and umbrella associations. All have had a major ongoing industrial relations role. The surveys, conducted over a five year period, ascertained changes in the industrial and other activities of the associations, their attitudes and responses to the development of enterprise bargaining, and their assessment of the future role of employer bodies. Comparisons are drawn between the findings of the surveys. Two follow up case studies of employer associations are then used to further examine the potential role for employer associations in industries with a large proportion of small businesses.
Effect of Continuous Subcutaneous Treprostinil Therapy on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin (2003)

Treprostinil sodium was recently approved in the United States for continuous subcutaneous infusion in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended in PAH therapy. Given the likelihood for treprostinil and warfarin coadministration, a single-blind, controlled, crossover study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treprostinil infusion on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of warfarin. Area under the effect-time curve (AUEC(0-1)) and maximum effect over the entire sampling phase (E(max)) for warfarin INR were 219.58 and 2.071 with treprostinil and 218.93 and 2.041 with vehicle, respectively. Mean time to attain the peak concentration of R-enantiomer of warfarin (T(max)), half-life, and elimination rate constant (k(el)) were 1.9 hours, 51.688 hours, and 0.0137 per hour, respectively, in the presence of treprostinil and 1.5 hours, 52.579 hours, and 0.0137 per hour, respectively, in the presence of vehicle (control). Results were similar for the S-enantiomer. The 90% confidence intervals for warfarin INR and warfarin R- and S-enantiomer pharmacokinetic parameter (C(max) and AUC( infinity )) ratios were within 0.80-1.25, which was established as the no-effect criterion for treprostinil coadministration. No serious or severe adverse events, anticoagulation-related events, or clinically significant physical or laboratory findings were reported. These findings suggest that a clinically important interaction between treprostinil and warfarin during therapy is unlikely.
A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures (2020)

Coronaviruses are prone to emergence into new host species most recently evidenced by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Small animal models that recapitulate SARS-CoV-2 disease are desperately needed to rapidly evaluate medical countermeasures (MCMs). SARS-CoV-2 cannot infect wildtype laboratory mice due to inefficient interactions between the viral spike (S) protein and the murine ortholog of the human receptor, ACE2. We used reverse genetics to remodel the S and mACE2 binding interface resulting in a recombinant virus (SARS-CoV-2 MA) that could utilize mACE2 for entry. SARS-CoV-2 MA replicated in both the upper and lower airways of both young adult and aged BALB/c mice. Importantly, disease was more severe in aged mice, and showed more clinically relevant phenotypes than those seen in hACE2 transgenic mice. We then demonstrated the utility of this model through vaccine challenge studies in immune competent mice with native expression of mACE2. Lastly, we show that clinical candidate interferon (IFN) lambda-1a can potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human airway epithelial cells <i>in vitro</i> , and both prophylactic and therapeutic administration diminished replication in mice. Our mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model demonstrates age-related disease pathogenesis and supports the clinical use of IFN lambda-1a treatment in human COVID-19 infections.
UPTAKE OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED PROGESTERONE, PREGNANEDIONE AND PREGNANOLONE BY THE RAT BRAIN (1968)

ABSTRACT A method has been developed for the detection, isolation and quantitation of progesterone, pregnanolone and pregnanedione in brain tissue of rats receiving pharmacological hypnotic doses of these three substances. Prior to extraction radioactive tracers were added to brain tissue obtained from animals receiving these agents and the brain tissue extracts were purified by paper and thin layer chromatography. The material administered as well as some of the major metabolites were quantitated by gas liquid chromatography, and corrections for losses throughout the entire procedure and up to injection into GLC were based on recovery of added radioactive markers. The possible significance of the conversion of progesterone into hypnotically more potent metabolites is discussed.
A review on laboratory liver function tests. (2009)

Laboratory liver tests are broadly defined as tests useful in the evaluation and treatment of patients with hepatic dysfunction. The liver carries out metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fats. Some of the enzymes and the end products of the metabolic pathway which are very sensitive for the abnormality occurred may be considered as biochemical marker of liver dysfunction. Some of the biochemical markers such as serum bilirubin, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, ratio of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5' nucleotidase, ceruloplasmin, α-fetoprotein are considered in this article. An isolated or conjugated alteration of biochemical markers of liver damage in patients can challenge the clinicians during the diagnosis of disease related to liver directly or with some other organs. The term "liver chemistry tests" is a frequently used but poorly defined phrase that encompasses the numerous serum chemistries that can be assayed to assess hepatic function and/or injury.
Emergent genetic oscillations in a synthetic microbial consortium (2015)

A challenge of synthetic biology is the creation of cooperative microbial systems that exhibit population-level behaviors. Such systems use cellular signaling mechanisms to regulate gene expression across multiple cell types. We describe the construction of a synthetic microbial consortium consisting of two distinct cell types—an "activator" strain and a "repressor" strain. These strains produced two orthogonal cell-signaling molecules that regulate gene expression within a synthetic circuit spanning both strains. The two strains generated emergent, population-level oscillations only when cultured together. Certain network topologies of the two-strain circuit were better at maintaining robust oscillations than others. The ability to program population-level dynamics through the genetic engineering of multiple cooperative strains points the way toward engineering complex synthetic tissues and organs with multiple cell types.
Programming C (2001)

From the Publisher:
C# was designed from the ground up for development on Microsoft's .NET framework. As such, it's a high-performance language that's simple, safe, object-oriented, and Internet-centric. Programming C#, 2nd Edition teaches this new language in a way that experienced programmers will appreciate—by grounding its applications firmly in the context of Microsoft's .NET platform and the development of desktop and Internet applications. The first part of this book introduces C# fundamentals, then goes on to explain: Classes and objects Inheritance and polymorphism Operator overloading Structs and interfaces Arrays, indexers, and collections String objects and regular expressions Exceptions and bug handling Delegates and events Part two of Programming C#, 2nd Edition focuses on development of desktop and Internet applications, including Windows Forms, ADO.NET and ASP.NET. ASP.NET includes Web Forms, for rapid development of web applications, and Web Services for creating objects without user interfaces, to provide services over the Internet. Part three gets to the heart of the .NET Framework, focusing on attributes and reflection, remoting, threads and synchronization, and streams. Part three also illustrates how to interoperate with COM objects. In much the way that you can see the features and personality of the parents and grandparents in young children, you can easily see the influence of Java, C++, Visual Basic, and other languages in C#. The level of information in Programming C#, 2nd Edition allows you to become productive quickly with C# and to rely on it as a powerful addition to your family of mastered programming languages.
Theoretical Impact of the Injection of Material Into the Myocardium (2006)

Simulations indicate that the addition of noncontractile material to a damaged left ventricular wall has important effects on cardiac mechanics, with potentially beneficial reduction of elevated myofiber stresses, as well as confounding changes to clinical left ventricular metrics.
High-Resolution Global Profiling of Genomic Alterations with Long Oligonucleotide Microarray (2004)

Cancer represents the phenotypic end point of multiple genetic lesions that endow cells with a full range of biological properties required for tumorigenesis. Among the hallmark features of the cancer genome are recurrent regional gains and losses that, upon detailed characterization, have provided highly productive discovery paths for new oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we describe the use of an oligonucleotide-based microarray platform and development of requisite assay conditions and bioinformatic mining tools that permits high-resolution genome-wide array-comparative genome hybridization profiling of human and mouse tumors. Using a commercially available 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray, we demonstrate that this platform provides sufficient sensitivity to detect single-copy difference in gene dosage of full complexity genomic DNA while offering high resolution. The commercial availability of the microarrays and associated reagents, along with the technical protocols and analytical tools described in this report, should provide investigators with the immediate capacity to perform DNA analysis of normal and diseased genomes in a global and detailed manner.
Shape Memory Effect in Porous Volume NiTi Articles Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering (2005)

The shape memory effect in porous nickel titanium (NiTi) articles obtained by means of layered synthesis using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology was studied by measuring the temperature dependence of the electric resistivity of the material. For the porous NiTi samples synthesized from Ni and Ti powders, the interval of probable appearance of the shape memory effect falls within the temperature interval from −50 to 0°C. In a porous material synthesized by laser sintering from a commercial NiTi powder of the PV N55T45 grade, this effect falls in the interval from +25 to +50°C. Prospects for the use of porous NiTi articles as medicinal implants are discussed.
Enzyme-Targeted Fluorescent Imaging Probes on a Multiple Antigenic Peptide Core (2006)

Peptide dendrimers have a variety of applications in biology such as the vehicles for drug and gene delivery, molecular inhibitors, protein mimics, and synthetic vaccines. The multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) system is a well-known example of a discrete, dendrimeric scaffold. We explored a novel application of the MAP-based scaffold by designing molecular probes that fluoresce only after enzymatic treatment. The probes, which were synthesized on solid support, incorporate a cathepsin S dipeptide substrate (Leu-Arg), and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain in their dendritic arms. The fluorescence emission of the near-infrared fluorochromes attached to the N-termini of the dendritic arms was quenched. Mechanistic studies revealed formation of H-type dye aggregates within the tetravalent MAP system. By varying the length of the PEG chain, three probes were synthesized, CyPEG-1, CyPEG-2, and CyPEG-3 with 4, 8, and 12 ethylene oxide units, respectively. CyPEG-2 showed optimum aqueous solubility and quenching efficiency for imaging applications. Upon proteolytic activation with cathepsin S (EC 3.4.22.27), CyPEG-2 showed greater than 70-fold increase and more than 95% recovery in fluorescence emission.
The effects of subtherapeutic antibiotic use in farm animals on the proliferation and persistence of antibiotic resistance among soil bacteria (2007)

The use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic concentrations for agricultural applications is believed to be an important factor in the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to determine if the application of manure onto agricultural land would result in the proliferation of antibiotic resistance among soil bacteria. Chlortetracycline-resistant bacteria were enumerated and characterized from soils exposed to the manure of animals fed subtherapeutic concentrations of antibiotics and compared to the chlortetracycline-resistant bacteria from soils at farms with restricted antibiotic use (dairy farms) and from non-agricultural soils. No significant differences were observed at nine different study sites with respect to the numbers and types of cultivated chlortetracycline-resistant bacteria. Genes encoding for tetracycline resistance were rarely detected in the resistant bacteria from these sites. In contrast, soils collected from a tenth farm, which allowed manure to indiscriminately accumulate outside the animal pen, had significantly higher chlortetracycline-resistance levels. These resistant bacteria frequently harbored one of 14 different genes encoding for tetracycline resistance, many of which (especially tet(A) and tet(L)) were detected in numerous different bacterial species. Subsequent bacterial enumerations at this site, following the cessation of farming activity, suggested that this farm remained a hotspot for antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, we speculate that excessive application of animal manure leads to the spread of resistance to soil bacteria (potentially by lateral gene transfer), which then serve as persistent reservoir of antibiotic resistance.
Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B nuclear localization reduces human E-selectin expression and the systemic inflammatory response. (1998)

Our data suggest that NF-kappa B regulation of gene expression in the vascular endothelium may be an important cellular mechanism in endothelial cell activation.
Development of a myoelectric discrimination system for a multi-degree prosthetic hand (2003)

A multiple degrees of freedom prosthetic hand, NTU Hand, was developed in our laboratory. The paper focuses on the development of a myoelectric discrimination system for a multi-degree prosthetic hand. The discrimination system uses two surface electrodes to acquire the electromyography (EMG) signal from the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and the extensor pollicis brevis muscle. Since eight types of hand movements, such as three-jaw chuck, lateral hand, hook grasp, power grasp, cylindrical grasp, centralized grip, flattened hand and wrist flexion are often used in daily life, they are used as key movements in the discrimination system. In order to distinguish those hand movements, the techniques of variance, bias zero-crossings, autoregressive model and spectral estimation are employed for preprocessing of features. Then, an error backpropagation neural network is applied to discriminate among the feature sets. Finally, an analysis interface system based on a PC environment is constructed to verify the idea. Besides, a 3-D graphic interface program based on the programmer's hierarchical interactive graphic system (PHIGS) is applied to simulate the prosthetic movement of the NTU hand. The discrimination system can achieve a success rate of 85% for off-line test and of 71% for online test.
A Human Type 5 Adenovirus–Based Tuberculosis Vaccine Induces Robust T Cell Responses in Humans Despite Preexisting Anti-Adenovirus Immunity (2013)

There is an urgent need to develop new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines to safely and effectively boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-triggered T cell immunity in humans. AdHu5Ag85A is a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (AdHu5)-based TB vaccine with demonstrated efficacy in a number of animal species, yet it remains to be translated to human applications. In this phase 1 study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of AdHu5Ag85A in both BCG-naïve and previously BCG-immunized healthy adults. Intramuscular immunization of AdHu5Ag85A was safe and well tolerated in both trial volunteer groups. Moreover, although AdHu5Ag85A was immunogenic in both trial volunteer groups, it much more potently boosted polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell immunity in previously BCG-vaccinated volunteers. Furthermore, despite prevalent preexisting anti-AdHu5 humoral immunity in most of the trial volunteers, we found little evidence that such preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity significantly dampened the potency of AdHu5Ag85A vaccine. This study supports further clinical investigations of the AdHu5Ag85A vaccine for human applications. It also suggests that the widely perceived negative effect of preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity may not be universally applied to all AdHu5-based vaccines against different types of human pathogens.
Water‐Soluble Photoluminescent Silicon Quantum Dots (2005)

Strong photoluminescence in the blue region of the visible spectrum was observed for a dispersion of allylamine-capped silicon quantum dots in water. Their ease of synthesis and optical properties make them excellent candidates for biomedical applications, as demonstrated by their incorporation inside the cytosol of HeLa cells (see microscopy image, the inset shows the fluorescence from the silicon quantum dots on excitation with UV light).
Automatic eye enhancement by sclera whitening (2010)

We propose a method for automatically enhancing the eyes of all the faces in a digital image by whitening their scleras (i.e., the white part of their eyes). The scleras are identified by combining existing face detection and feature alignment technology with a color-based sclera probability map. We then smooth, brighten, and desaturate the scleras. This reduces the appearance of blood vessels and produces a healthier, more "refreshed" look.
2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic acid, a rigid, achiral, tricyclic .alpha.-amino acid with transport inhibitory properties (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic acid, a rigid, achiral, tricyclic .alpha.-amino acid with transport inhibitory propertiesH. T. Nagasawa, J. A. Elberling, and F. N. ShirotaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 7, 823–826Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00265a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00265a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GENETICS OF LIFE HISTORY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. SIB ANALYSIS OF ADULT FEMALES (1981)

A sib analysis of adult life-history characters was performed on about twelve hundred females from a laboratory Drosophila melanogaster population that had been sampled from nature and cultured so as to preserve its genetic variability. The following results were found. There was no detectable trend with age in additive or dominance genetic variances for age-specific fecundity. Environmental variance for age-specific fecundity increased with age. The genetic variance for fecundity characters was primarily additive. The genetic variance for longevity was primarily dominance variance. There were negative genetic correlations between early fecundity and lifespan, as well as between mean egg-laying rate and longevity.
Reducing leakage energy in FPGAs using region-constrained placement (2004)

FPGAs are being increasingly used in a wide variety of applications. While power optimization has been only of secondary importance in many FPGA applications, growing importance of leakage in FPGAs designed in 90nm and below makes it imperative to treat power optimization as a first class citizen. In this paper, we propose a leakage-saving technique for FPGAs that involves dividing the FPGA fabric into small regions and switching on/off the power supply to each region using a sleep transistor in order to conserve leakage energy. Specifically, the regions not used by the placed design are supply gated. Next, we present a new placement strategy to increase the number of regions that can be supply gated. Finally, the supply gating technique is extended to exploit idleness in different parts of the same design during different time periods. Our experiments with different region sizes using various commercial and academic designs indicate that the proposed optimization outperforms conventional placement, and reduces leakage power consumption significantly.