gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased feedback regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity by sterols in leukemic cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (1997)

Leukemic cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) have higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity than normal white blood and bone marrow cells. The underlying mechanism behind this is unclear. We studied the inhibitory effect of sterols on induction of LDL-receptor activity in leukemic cells from 27 patients with AML and in white blood cells from 13 healthy individuals. The high affinity degradation rate of 125I-labeled LDL was determined in mononuclear blood cells directly after isolation from blood and after incubation for 2 days in medium with 10% lipoprotein-deficient serum with or without various concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol + cholesterol. The median sterol concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of induction was more than five times higher for leukemic cells than for normal mononuclear cells. At the highest sterol concentration (0.400 microg/mL 25-hydroxycholesterol + 8 microg/mL cholesterol), the LDL-receptor activity was abolished in cells from all healthy individuals while the induction of LDL-receptor activity in cells from three AML patients was unaffected. The LDL-receptor activity of leukemic cells, directly after isolation from blood, correlated with IC50 values (r = 0.53, P = 0.007) and WBC counts (r = 0.72, P = 0.0001) but not with cellular cholesterol levels. The results demonstrate decreased feedback regulation of LDL-receptor activity by sterols in AML cells and support the conclusion that elevated LDL-receptor activity is associated with sterol resistance and cell proliferation. The findings are of potential interest for diagnosis and specific treatment of leukemia.
The Carbon Benefits of Fuels and Forests (2007)

The Policy Forum "Carbon mitigation by biofuels or by saving and restoring forests?" by R. Righelato and D. V. Spracklen (17 August, p.902) provides limited perspective as a result of a single, relatively short time horizon and a limited consideration of the options available. Righelato and Spracklen conclude that the carbon sequestered by saving or restoring forest is greater than the emissions avoided by the use of the liquid biofuels. Although they may be correct given current technology, the case studies they analyzed, and a 30-year time horizon, their conclusion is dependent on site, technology, and time, and it does not apply to biomass used for direct combustion or gasification....
Studies of phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1981)

The chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine was used to measure phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) production by clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of strains from various types of infection showed that phospholipase C production by urinary tract isolates was significantly greater than that by lung, blood, or other isolates (e.g., wounds, etc.). The above method was also found to be effective for the isolation of several classes of phospholipase C mutants.
Respiratory rate detection algorithms by photoplethysmography signal processing (2008)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) offers the clinically meaningful parameters, such as, heart rate, and respiratory rate. In this study, we presented three respiratory signal detection algorithms using photoplethysmography raw data generated from commercial PPG sensor: (1)Min-Max (2)Peak-to-Peak (3)Pulse Shape. As reference signal, nasal sensor signal was acquired simultaneously and compared and analyzed. We used two types of moving average filtering technique to process three PPG parameters. In laboratory experiment, 6 subjects' PPG signals were measured when they respire ten and fifteen, and arbitrary times per minute. From the results, following conclusions were drawn. Min-Max and Peak-to-Peak algorithms perform better than Pulse shape algorithm. They can be used to detect respiratory rate. But, Pulse Shape algorithm was accurate for subject 4 only. More experimental data is necessary to improve the accuracy and reliability.
Gene and Metabolite Regulatory Network Analysis of Early Developing Fruit Tissues Highlights New Candidate Genes for the Control of Tomato Fruit Composition and Development (2009)

Variations in early fruit development and composition may have major impacts on the taste and the overall quality of ripe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. To get insights into the networks involved in these coordinated processes and to identify key regulatory genes, we explored the transcriptional and metabolic changes in expanding tomato fruit tissues using multivariate analysis and gene-metabolite correlation networks. To this end, we demonstrated and took advantage of the existence of clear structural and compositional differences between expanding mesocarp and locular tissue during fruit development (12-35 d postanthesis). Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were carried out with tomato microarrays and analytical methods including proton nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Pairwise comparisons of metabolite contents and gene expression profiles detected up to 37 direct gene-metabolite correlations involving regulatory genes (e.g. the correlations between glutamine, bZIP, and MYB transcription factors). Correlation network analyses revealed the existence of major hub genes correlated with 10 or more regulatory transcripts and embedded in a large regulatory network. This approach proved to be a valuable strategy for identifying specific subsets of genes implicated in key processes of fruit development and metabolism, which are therefore potential targets for genetic improvement of tomato fruit quality.
Lysophosphatidic acids. Influence on platelet aggregation and intracellular calcium flux. (1979)

Decanoyl-, palmitoyl-, and oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) were studied for their effects on platelet aggregation and intracellular calcium flux. Palmitoyl-LPA and oleoyl-LPA both caused a concentration-dependent aggregation of human blood platelets at concentrations of 12--300 microM. Aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was enhanced at slightly lower concentrations. First-wave aggregation induced by these LPAs was not blocked by aspirin, indomethacin, or heparin, suggesting similarities to ADP aggregation. However, in washed platelets with a high calcium concentration, no serotonin secretion was observed, even though full aggregation occurred, suggesting that aggregation was not due to released ADP. This concept was supported by studies of platelets deficient in the storage pool of ADP and serotonin, which had a normal first-wave aggregation response to palmitoyl-LPA. Aggregation induced by palmitoyl LPA was inhibited by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), theophylline, and ethylenediaminotetraacetate (EDTA), though in the presence of EDTA shape change occurred. Aggregation stimulated by palmitoyl-LPA or oleoyl-LPA was characterized by changes in the shape of the platelets with development of pseudopods and centralization of granules closely surrounded by contractile microfilaments and supporting microtubules. The addition of palmitoyl-LPA and oleoyl-LPA, but not decanoyl-LPA, caused the release of calcium from a platelet membrane fraction that contains elements of the intracellular calcium storage system and actively concentrates this cation in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and magnesium. It is suggested that LPAs cause aggregation by stimulating the release of calcium intracellularly.
Nanoprocessing Based on Bicontinuous Microdomains of Block Copolymers:  Nanochannels Coated with Metals (1997)

A novel process to produce a nanochannel comprised of a void in a polymer matrix is reported. The processing involves a selective degradation of one of the bicontinuous microdomain phases of microphase-separated block copolymers to create a continuous, tortuous hole having a diameter of nanometer scale (nanochannel) and plating of the surfaces with nickel metal. The nanochannel and the metal plating were confirmed by the transmission and scanning electron microscopies.
GPRS and 3G Wireless Applications: Professional Developer's Guide (2001)

Advances in neonatal intensive care have meant improved survival of the extremely low birth weight neonate. We report the successful primary repair of a preterm neonate born with an oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula with a birth weight of just 525 g, on day 1 of life, the smallest survivor so far reported in the literature, now followed up for 5 years.
The Interferon-Inducible Chemokines MuMig and Crg-2 Exhibit Antiviral Activity In Vivo (1999)

MuMig (murine monokine induced by gamma interferon) and Crg-2 (cytokine responsive gene 2) are two murine chemokines of the CXC family that are induced by the interferons (IFNs): MuMig specifically by IFN-gamma and Crg-2 by IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma. To investigate the biological roles of these chemokines, recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) encoding either MuMig or Crg-2 were constructed. In vitro, the chemokine-encoding rVVs replicated to similar levels to the control virus. Athymic nude mice inoculated with 10(5) PFU or less of VV-HA-Mig or VV-HA-Crg-2 resolved the infection successfully whereas mice given a similar dose of the control virus VV-HA-TK died from generalized infection. At higher doses, there was mortality in all groups but death was significantly delayed in mice infected with either chemokine-encoding rVV compared with those infected with the control virus. Virus-encoded MuMig and Crg-2 enhanced the cytolytic activity of NK cells and splenic cellularity by two- to threefold and resulted in significant increases in mononuclear cell infiltration in the livers of mice. Using specific neutralizing or depleting antibodies, we have established that the control of rVV replication in athymic nude mice, as a consequence of virus-expressed MuMig and Crg-2, requires NK cells and IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma.
Motion capture using joint skeleton tracking and surface estimation (2009)

This paper proposes a method for capturing the performance of a human or an animal from a multi-view video sequence. Given an articulated template model and silhouettes from a multi-view image sequence, our approach recovers not only the movement of the skeleton, but also the possibly non-rigid temporal deformation of the 3D surface. While large scale deformations or fast movements are captured by the skeleton pose and approximate surface skinning, true small scale deformations or non-rigid garment motion are captured by fitting the surface to the silhouette. We further propose a novel optimization scheme for skeleton-based pose estimation that exploits the skeleton's tree structure to split the optimization problem into a local one and a lower dimensional global one. We show on various sequences that our approach can capture the 3D motion of animals and humans accurately even in the case of rapid movements and wide apparel like skirts.
Non-Abelian quantum order in spin-orbit-coupled semiconductors: Search for topological Majorana particles in solid-state systems (2010)

We show that an ordinary semiconducting thin film with spin-orbit coupling can, under appropriate circumstances, be in a quantum topologically ordered state supporting exotic Majorana excitations which follow non-Abelian statistics. The key to the quantum topological order is the coexistence of spin-orbit coupling with proximity-induced $s$-wave superconductivity and an externally induced Zeeman coupling of the spins. For the Zeeman coupling below a critical value, the system is a nontopological (proximity-induced) $s$-wave superconductor. However, for a range of Zeeman coupling above the critical value, the lowest energy excited state inside a vortex is a zero-energy Majorana fermion state. The system, thus, has entered into a non-Abelian $s$-wave superconducting state via a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) tuned by the Zeeman coupling. In the topological phase, since the time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken by the Zeeman term in the Hamiltonian, the edge of the film constitutes a chiral Majorana wire. Just like the $s$-wave superconductivity, the Zeeman coupling can also be proximity induced in the film by an adjacent magnetic insulator. We show this by an explicit model tight-binding calculation for both types of proximity effects in the heterostructure geometry. Here we show that the same TQPT can be accessed by varying the interface transparency between the film and the superconductor. For the transparency below (above) a critical value, the system is a topological (regular) $s$-wave superconductor. In the one-dimensional version of the same structure and for the Zeeman coupling above the critical value, there are localized Majorana zero-energy modes at the two ends of a semiconducting quantum nanowire. In this case, the Zeeman coupling can be induced more easily by an external magnetic field parallel to the wire, obviating the need for a magnetic insulator. We show that, despite the fact that the superconducting pair potential in the nanowire is explicitly $s$ wave, tunneling of electrons to the ends of the wire reveals a pronounced zero-bias peak. Such a peak is absent when the Zeeman coupling is below its critical value, i.e., the nanowire is in the nontopological $s$-wave superconducting state. We argue that the observation of this zero-bias tunneling peak in the semiconductor nanowire is possibly the simplest and clearest experiment proposed so far to unambiguously detect a Majorana fermion mode in a condensed-matter system.
Distribution of radiolabeled human and mouse monoclonal IgM antibodies in murine models. (1988)

The distribution and kinetics of six human and one murine monoclonal IgM antibodies (MoAb) were studied in BALB/c mice. Labeling was with 111In, 75Se, and 125I. The monomers and pentamers of certain MoAbs were studied. Human distribution studies were also performed. The serum containing [111In]MoAb was obtained from one of the patients 24 hr after administration and injected into mice which were then killed and assayed for 111In distribution. In general, the [75Se] and [111In]MoAbs had distribution and kinetic patterns that were similar while the 125I-labeled MoAbs dehalogenated after 4 hr. Monomers and pentamers had highly similar distributions suggesting that the distribution of IgMs may be based on factors other than molecular size. The murine IgM showed a somewhat different distribution in mice than did human IgMs. Serum from the patient containing [111In]MoAb had a distribution in mice similar to that of the patient with high liver and gastrointestinal uptake. The human imaging indicates that it is possible to target tumor with human IgM MoAbs, but significant problems remain in regard to their clinical use.
Immunological heterogeneity of carcinoembryonic antigen: antigenic determinants on carcinoembryonic antigen distinguished by monoclonal antibodies. (1983)

Murine monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) derived from a colonic tumor were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for reactivity with CEA and the CEA-related antigens, meconium antigen (MA) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen. Antibody-antigen binding profiles revealed three classes of hybridomas. The Class I antibody, NP-1, recognized an epitope shared among all three antigens, and its affinity for CEA and MA was high but low for nonspecific cross-reacting antigen. The Class II antibodies reacted with sites shared between CEA and MA, while those of the Class III type only bound CEA. The Class III antibody, NP-4, bound less than 50% of the CEA molecules recognized by goat specific anti-CEA antibody and the other classes of monoclonal antibodies. Two Class II antibodies, NP-2 and NP-3, bound similar amounts of CEA and MA with moderate but different affinities for CEA. Studies using labeled monoclonal antibodies for CEA epitope blocking revealed that NP-2 and NP-3 recognize two separate epitopes on CEA within the Class II category. Thus, monoclonal antibodies to CEA can differentiate at least four antigenic sites on colonic cancer CEA. One is shared by CEA, MA, and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen; two others are shared by CEA with MA; and a fourth appears specific for a subpopulation of CEA molecules.
Genetic and pharmacological analysis of prostanoid receptor function (2001)

Prostaglandins and their precursors Membrane prostanoid receptors: studies in knockout miceEight types and subtypes of membrane prostanoid receptors are conserved in mammals from mouse to human (2): the PGD receptor (DP), four subtypes of the PGE receptor (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), the PGF receptor (FP), the PGI receptor (IP), and the TxA receptor (TP).All are G protein-coupled rhodopsin-type receptors with seven transmembrane domains, and each is encoded by different genes.In addition, there are several splice variants of the EP3, FP, and TP receptors, which differ only in their C-terminal tails.Among the eight types and subtypes, the IP, DP, EP2, and EP4 receptors mediate a cAMP rise and have been termed "relaxant" receptors, whereas the TP, FP, and EP1 receptors induce calcium mobilization and constitute a "contractile" receptor group.The remaining receptor, EP3, induces a decline in cAMP levels and has been termed the "inhibitory" receptor.However, the effects of prostanoids on these G protein-coupled signaling pathways may change as a function of ligand concentration or structure.Thus, while PGI 2 analogs ligate the IP and activate adenylate cyclase via G s in a dosedependent manner, higher concentrations of the ligand couple the IP to phospholipase C activation and calcium mobilization (3), probably via G q .Similarly, activation of the FP in cardiomyocytes by either PGF 2α , its cognate ligand, or 8,12-iso-iPF 2α -III, a PGF 2α isomeric
A general approach to antibody thermostabilization (2014)

Antibody engineering to enhance thermostability may enable further application and ease of use of antibodies across a number of different areas. A modified human IgG framework has been developed through a combination of engineering approaches, which can be used to stabilize antibodies of diverse specificity. This is achieved through a combination of complementarity-determining region (CDR)-grafting onto the stable framework, mammalian cell display and in vitro somatic hypermutation (SHM). This approach allows both stabilization and maturation to affinities beyond those of the original antibody, as shown by the stabilization of an anti-HA33 antibody by approximately 10°C and affinity maturation of approximately 300-fold over the original antibody. Specificities of 10 antibodies of diverse origin were successfully transferred to the stable framework through CDR-grafting, with 8 of these successfully stabilized, including the therapeutic antibodies adalimumab, stabilized by 9.9°C, denosumab, stabilized by 7°C, cetuximab stabilized by 6.9°C and to a lesser extent trastuzumab stabilized by 0.8°C. This data suggests that this approach may be broadly useful for improving the biophysical characteristics of antibodies across a number of applications.
Early Growth Response-1 gene mediates up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression during hypoxia. (2002)

Hypoxia occurs during development of cancers and is correlated with cancer progression. Hypoxia also induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. The EGFR plays a vital role in cell growth, and its overexpression can lead to transformation. We sought to determine the regulator(s) of EGFR expression during hypoxia. We demonstrate that early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1), which is induced by hypoxia, can activate the basal transcriptional activity of the EGFR promoter. Egr-1 not only transactivates the EGFR promoter activity but also enhances endogenous EGFR expression. Using a series of EGFR promoter deletion mutants, we show that the region between -484 and -389, which contains a putative Egr-1 consensus motif, is crucial for EGFR transactivation by Egr-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that Egr-1 binds to the oligonucleotide containing this Egr-1 motif. Also, introduction of an antisense oligonucleotide for Egr-1 diminishes EGFR expression during hypoxia, indicating that the up-regulation of EGFR by hypoxia is mediated through Egr-1. Our results provide evidence that regulation of EGFR promoter activity by Egr-1 represents a mechanism for epidermal cell growth during hypoxia.
Purification and Properties of Isoenzymes of Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Soybean-Cell-Suspension Cultures (1975)

Two isoenzymes of an NADP+ -dependent cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and an NAD+ - dependent aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase were extracted from cell suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L., var. Mandarin) which form lignin during growth. These enzymes could be separated from each other by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite. The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes were partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and hydroxyapatite. The molecular weight of the enzymes were estimated by the elution volumes from a Sephadex G-100 column and were found to be about 43,000 (isoenzyme 1) and 69,000 (isoenzyme 2). Maximum rates of reaction were observed in the case of coniferyl alcohol oxidation at pH 9.2 (Isoenzyme 1) and pH 8.8 (isoenzyme 2); in the reverse reaction pH 6.5 was optimal for isoenzyme 2. Whereas isoenzyme 1 is specific for coniferyl alcohol, isoenzyme 2 can also oxidize cinnamyl alcohol and a number of substituted cinnamyl alcohols, Km values for substituted cinnamaldehydes are 3-11 times lower than for the corresponding alcohols. Neither isoenzyme reacted with benzyl alcohol, anisic alcohol or ethanol. Substrate inhibition for the forward and reverse reaction was found with isoenzyme 2 but not with isoenzyme 1. The equilibrium constant was determined to be about 10(9) in favour of coniferaldehyde reduction. The possible role of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in lignin biosynthesis is discussed.
Phenotypic and Genomic Analyses of a Fast Neutron Mutant Population Resource in Soybean (2011)

Mutagenized populations have become indispensable resources for introducing variation and studying gene function in plant genomics research. In this study, fast neutron (FN) radiation was used to induce deletion mutations in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. Approximately 120,000 soybean seeds were exposed to FN radiation doses of up to 32 Gray units to develop over 23,000 independent M2 lines. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this population for phenotypic screening and associated genomic characterization of striking and agronomically important traits. Plant variation was cataloged for seed composition, maturity, morphology, pigmentation, and nodulation traits. Mutants that showed significant increases or decreases in seed protein and oil content across multiple generations and environments were identified. The application of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to lesion-induced mutants for deletion mapping was validated on a midoleate x-ray mutant, M23, with a known FAD2-1A (for fatty acid desaturase) gene deletion. Using CGH, a subset of mutants was characterized, revealing deletion regions and candidate genes associated with phenotypes of interest. Exome resequencing and sequencing of PCR products confirmed FN-induced deletions detected by CGH. Beyond characterization of soybean FN mutants, this study demonstrates the utility of CGH, exome sequence capture, and next-generation sequencing approaches for analyses of mutant plant genomes. We present this FN mutant soybean population as a valuable public resource for future genetic screens and functional genomics research.