gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombin-catalyzed activation of human coagulation factor V. (1982)

Human coagulation factor V was purified from freshly frozen plasma by a method that gave high yields of single chain factor V. The purified protein has an Mr = 330,000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain with the following NH2-terminal sequence: Ala-Gln-Leu-Gly-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Val. Limited proteolysis of factor V by thrombin led to formation of factor Va which has a cofactor activity 25- to 30-fold that of factor V. Two intermediates and four end products were formed in the course of activation. From the NH2 terminus of factor V the end products are termed (apparent molecular weights in parentheses), fragment D (105,000), E (71,000), C1 (150,000), and F1F2 (71-74,000). The carboxyl-terminal fragment F1F2 is a doublet presumably resulting from cleavage of one of two approximately equally sensitive bonds. The end products but not the intermediates resemble those obtained on thrombin activation of bovine factor V, indicating a different order of peptide bond cleavages. The thrombin-catalyzed activation of purified factor V resembles the activation of factor V in plasma as judged from the activation pattern of a 125I-labeled factor V tracer in coagulating plasma. Fragments D and F1F2 are held together by noncovalent interactions and constitute the biologically active factor V molecule as judged from reconstitution experiments utilizing the isolated fragments. The two fragments (E and C1), derived from the interior of the molecule, are activation peptides.
Recognition of osteopontin and related peptides by an alpha v beta 3 integrin stimulates immediate cell signals in osteoclasts. (1991)

We have investigated the nature of immediate cell signals produced by occupancy of the chicken osteoclast alpha v beta 3 integrin. Synthetic osteopontin and peptides from the osteopontin and bone sialoprotein sequences containing Arg-Gly-Asp stimulated immediate reductions in osteoclast cytosolic Ca2+. The changes in cytosolic Ca2+ required the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence and were blocked by a monoclonal antibody to the alpha v beta 3 integrin, LM609. Osteoclast stimulation by the proteins through the integrin did not require immobilization since soluble peptides produced changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and inhibited osteoclast binding to bone particles and bone resorption. The decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ stimulated by osteopontin and related peptides appeared to be due to activation of a plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase by calmodulin. Thus, the data suggest that ligand binding to the osteoclast alpha v beta 3 integrin results in calmodulin-dependent reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ which participates in regulation of osteoclast function.
Thin skinned asymmetric polybenzimidazole membranes with readily tunable morphologies for high-performance vanadium flow batteries (2017)

A series of thin skinned asymmetric polybenzimidazole membranes with readily tunable morphologies are fabricated for high-performance vanadium flow batteries.
The formal verification of a pipelined double-precision IEEE floating-point multiplier (1995)

Floating-point circuits are notoriously difficult to design and verify. For verification, simulation barely offers adequate coverage, conventional model-checking techniques are infeasible, and theorem-proving based verification is not sufficiently mature. In this paper we present the formal verification of a radix-eight, pipelined, IEEE double-precision floating-point multiplier. The verification was carried out using a mixture of model-checking and theorem-proving techniques in the Voss hardware verification system. By combining model-checking and theorem-proving we were able to build on the strengths of both areas and achieve significant results with a reasonable amount of effort.
Mesothelin-Targeted CARs: Driving T Cells to Solid Tumors (2015)

Recent success obtained with adoptive transfer of CAR T cells targeting CD19 in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies has generated much enthusiasm for T-cell engineering and raises the prospect of implementing similar strategies for solid tumors. Mesothelin is expressed in a wide range and a high percentage of solid tumors, which we review here in detail. Mesothelin CAR therapy has the potential to treat multiple solid malignancies.
Reactivation of the Previously Silenced Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Promoter in the Mouse Liver: Involvement of NFκB (1998)

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate-early promoter/enhancer is active in many cell culture systems and is considered to be one of the strongest promoters in vitro. However, when this promoter was used in in vivo approaches to gene therapy, it was silenced within a few weeks in several organs including the liver. In this study, we demonstrated transcriptional inactivation of the CMV promoter in mouse liver. In contrast to the CMV promoter, a hybrid promoter consisting of a minimal CMV promoter and the enhancer II of hepatitis B virus was active for at least 11 weeks in mouse liver. While investigating the reason for the shutdown of the CMV promoter, we did not find evidence for methylation of adenovirus DNA in the region of transgene insertion, but we could show that the silenced CMV promoter was reactivated after lipopolysaccharide treatment of mice or partial hepatectomy. Both stimuli are known to activate the transcription factor NFkappaB, which binds to four sites in the CMV promoter/enhancer. We show that expression from the CMV promoter in hepatocyte-derived cell lines in vitro depends on NFkappaB. In vivo experiments demonstrate that NFkappaB, which is not present in mouse hepatocytes in vivo, is activated after infection with recombinant adenoviruses and that the time course of NFkappaB activation parallels that of CMV promoter-dependent expression. Moreover, adenovirus infection of transgenic mice carrying a CMV promoter-driven lacZ gene leads to strong activation of the expression of this gene in the liver. Thus, NFkappaB is involved in the activation of the CMV promoter in the liver.
Internet World Guide to One-To-One Web Marketing (1998)

From the Publisher:
Experts Allen, Kania, and Yaeckel get you up to speed on all the hot new Web technologies that marketers are using to forge lasting relationships, one customer at a time. With the help of case studies of some of the most successful one-to-one Web marketing initiatives, they show you exactly how those technologies are being employed to customize offerings and create dialogs with customers. They provide valuable lessons, tips, and guidelines on how to make the best technology selections for your budget and goals, and plan a successful one-to-one Web marketing initiative; build relationships with customers using personalization, push, interactivity, telephone and A/V conferencing, e-mail, virtual community, and other cutting-edge Web technologies; and integrate one-to-one Web marketing strategies with other processes and systems, such as customer service and support and databases.
Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polyesters via In Vacuo Dehydrogenation Polymerization of Diols (2011)

The Milstein catalyst has proven to be highly effective for the conversion of alcohols to esters, as well as alcohols and amines to amides and polyamides. We have recently found that the catalyst's range can be extended to very efficient in vacuo dehydrogenation polymerization of α,ω-diols to generate polyesters. The gaseous hydrogen byproduct that is produced is easily removed to drive the equilibrium toward product, which leads to the formation of high molecular weight polymer (M(n) up to 145,000 g mol(-1)). This optimized methodology works well to polymerize diols with a spacer of six carbons or more. Diols with fewer carbons are cyclized to lactone; the dividing point is the dehydrogenation of 1,5-pentanediol, which leads to a mixture of polyester and lactone. Reported herein is the synthesis and characterization of five aliphatic polyesters prepared via this novel dehydrogenation polymerization approach.
Calculation of a constant Q spectral transform (1991)

The frequencies that have been chosen to make up the scale of Western music are geometrically spaced. Thus the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), although extremely efficient in the fast Fourier transform implementation, yields components which do not map efficiently to musical frequencies. This is because the frequency components calculated with the DFT are separated by a constant frequency difference and with a constant resolution. A calculation similar to a discrete Fourier transform but with a constant ratio of center frequency to resolution has been made; this is a constant Q transform and is equivalent to a 1/24-oct filter bank. Thus there are two frequency components for each musical note so that two adjacent notes in the musical scale played simultaneously can be resolved anywhere in the musical frequency range. This transform against log (frequency) to obtain a constant pattern in the frequency domain for sounds with harmonic frequency components has been plotted. This is compared to the conventional DFT that yields a constant spacing between frequency components. In addition to advantages for resolution, representation with a constant pattern has the advantage that note identification (‘‘note identification’’ rather than the term ‘‘pitch tracking,’’ which is widely used in the signal processing community, is being used since the editor has correctly pointed out that ‘‘pitch’’ should be reserved for a perceptual context), instrument recognition, and signal separation can be done elegantly by a straightforward pattern recognition algorithm.
Monolithic Ge/Si avalanche photodiode receiver for 10Gb/s 1.3&#x03BC;m application (2008)

We have developed monolithically grown Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for high data rate and near infrared wavelength fiber communication systems. The surface illuminated APDs demonstrate gain-bandwidth of 153 GHz.
RTM angle gathers by optical flow with wavefield separation (2018)

Angle domain common image gathers (ADCIGs) play an important role for migration quality control and velocity analysis. ADCIGs can be constructed by employing optical flow to compute the propagation direction of seismic waves during imaging, from source and receiver locations. When up-going and down-going waves interfere with each other, the optical flow method can generate incorrect propagation angles, and produce noisy ADCIGs. To overcome this problem, separating up-going and down-going waves are required. Separating the wavefields often requires huge memory to store the propagation in 3D. In this paper, we introduce a computationally efficient algorithm for wavefield separation that requires storing only one additional snapshot of the wavefields. Applying the optical flow method on the separated down-going wavefield produces improved ADCIGs as verified by tests on both synthetic and field datasets. Presentation Date: Thursday, October 18, 2018 Start Time: 8:30:00 AM Location: 207A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Processing of Generator-Produced 68Ga for Medical Application (2007)

Processing on a cation-exchanger in hydrochloric acid/acetone media represents an efficient strategy for the concentration and purification of generator-derived (68)Ga(III) eluates. The developed scheme guarantees high yields and safe preparation of injectable (68)Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for routine application and is easy to automate. Thus, it is being successfully used in clinical environments and might contribute to a new direction for clinical PET, which could benefit significantly from the easy and safe availability of the radionuclide generator-derived metallic positron-emitter (68)Ga.
Purification and properties of two oxidoreductases catalyzing the enantioselective reduction of diacetyl and other diketones from baker's yeast (1990)

The NADPH-linked diacetyl reductase system from the cytosolic fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been resolved into two oxidoreductases catalyzing irreversibly the enantioselective reduction of diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) to (S)- and (R)-acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) [so-called (S)- and (R)-diacetyl reductases] (EC 1.1.1.5) which have been isolated to apparent electrophoretical purity. The clean-up procedures comprising streptomycin sulfate treatment, Sephadex G-25 filtration, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, affinity chromatography on Matrex Gel Red A and Superose 6 prep grade filtration led to 120-fold and 368-fold purifications, respectively. The relative molecular mass of the (R)-diacetyl reductase, estimated by means of HPLC filtration on Zorbax GF 250 and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 36,000. The (R)-enzyme was most active at pH 6.4 and accepted in addition to diacetyl C5-, C6-2,3-diketones, 1,2-cyclohexanedione, 2-oxo aldehydes and short-chain 2- and 3-oxo esters as substrates. The enzyme was characterized by high enantioselectivity and regiospecificity. The Km values for diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione were determined as 2.0 mM. The Mr of the (S)-diacetyl reductase was determined as 75,000 by means of HPLC filtration of Zorbax GF 250. The enzyme decomposed into subunits of Mr 48,000 and 24,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH was 6.9. The purified (S)-enzyme reduced stereospecifically a broad spectrum of substrates, comprising 2,3-, 2,4- and 2,5-diketones, 2-oxo aldehydes, 1,2-cyclohexanedione and methyl ketones as well as 3-, 4- and 5-oxo esters. The 2,3- and 2,4-diketones are transformed to the corresponding (S)-2-hydroxy ketones; 2,5-hexanedione, however, was reduced to (S,S)-2,5-hexanediol. The Km values for diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione were estimated as 2.3 and 1.5 mM, respectively. Further characterization of the (S)-diacetyl reductase revealed that it is identical with the so-called '(S)-enzyme', involved in the enantioselective reduction of 3-, 4- and 5-oxo esters in baker's yeast.
Examining the in Vivo Role of the Amino Terminus of the Essential Myosin Light Chain (2001)

The functional significance of the actin binding region at the amino terminus of the cardiac essential myosin light chain (ELC) remains obscure. Previous experiments carried out in vitro indicated that modulation of residues 5-14 could induce an inotropic effect, increasing maximal ATPase activity at submaximal Ca(2+) concentrations (Rarick, H. M., Opgenorth, T. J., von Geldern, T. W., Wu-Wong, J. R., and Solaro, R. J. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 27039-27043). Using transgenesis, we effected a cardiac-specific replacement of ELC with a protein containing a 10-amino acid deletion at positions 5-14. Both the ventricular (ELC1vDelta5-14) and atrial (ELC1aDelta5-14) isoforms lacking this peptide were stably incorporated into the sarcomere at high efficiencies. Surprisingly when the kinetics of skinned fibers isolated from the ELC1vDelta5-14 or ELC1aDelta5-14 mice were examined, no alterations in either unloaded shortening or maximum shortening velocities were apparent. Myofibrillar Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was also unchanged in these preparations. No significant changes in the fiber kinetics in the cognate compartments were observed when either deletion-containing protein replaced endogenous ELC1v or ELC1a. The data indicate that the previously postulated importance of this region in mediating critical protein interactions between the cardiac ELCs and the carboxyl-terminal residues of actin in vivo should be reassessed.
A noninvasive transfer system for polarized renal tubule epithelial cell sheets using temperature-responsive culture dishes (2005)

We used temperature-responsive culture dishes onto which the temperature-responsive polymer, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide), was covalently grafted for tissue engineering. Confluent cells harvested as intact sheets from these surfaces by simple temperature reduction can be transferred to various surfaces including additional culture dishes, other cell sheets, and tissues. In order to examine the maintenance of cell polarity, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells which had developed apical-basal cell polarity in culture, were subjected to cell sheet transfer. This functional and structural cell polarity, which is susceptible to treatment with trypsin, was examined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Using our cell-sheet method, the noninvasive transfer of these cell sheets retaining typical distributions of Na+/K+-ATPase, GLUT-1, SGLT-1, aquaporin-1, neutral endopeptidase and dipeptidylendopeptidase IV, could be achieved. The transferred cell sheets also developed numerous microvilli and tight junctions at the apical and lateral membranes, respectively. For biochemical analysis, immunoblotting of occludin, a transmembrane protein that composes tight junctions, was conducted and results confirmed that occludin remained intact after cell sheet transfer. This two-dimensional cell sheet manipulation method promises to be useful for tissue engineering as well as in the investigation of epithelial cell polarity.
The use of a calcium antagonist (nifedipine) to suppress preterm labour (1986)

The efficacy of an orally administered calcium antagonist, nifedipine, in suppressing premature uterine activity, was compared with intravenous ritodrine and no treatment. Nifedipine was found to be significantly more effective than ritodrine or withholding therapy, and was almost devoid of side-effects.
Spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects in wurtzite ZnO∕MgZnO quantum well lasers (2005)

Spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects on electronic and optical properties of ZnO∕MgZnO quantum well (QW) structures are investigated by using the non-Markovian gain model with many-body effects. The spontaneous polarization constant for MgO determined from a comparison with the experiment is about −0.070C∕m2, which is larger than the value (−0.050C∕m2) for ZnO. The negligible internal field effect observed in the case of ZnO∕MgZnO QW structures with relatively low Mg composition (x&amp;lt;0.2) and thin well width (Lw&amp;lt;46Å) can be explained by the cancelation of the sum of piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations between the well and the barrier. The ZnO∕MgZnO QW laser has much larger optical gain than the GaN∕AlGaN QW laser. This is attributed to the fact that the ZnO∕MgZnO QW structure has a larger optical matrix element due to the relatively small internal field, compared to the GaN∕AlGaN QW structure.
Proton pump inhibitor monotherapy and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease: a meta‐analysis (2016)

PPI monotherapy can be a risk factor for cardiovascular adverse events. Omeprazole could significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular events and, so, should be used carefully.
The human application of gene therapy to re-program T-cell specificity using chimeric antigen receptors (2014)

The adoptive transfer of T cells is a promising approach to treat cancers. Primary human T cells can be modified using viral and non-viral vectors to promote the specific targeting of cancer cells via the introduction of exogenous T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). This gene transfer displays the potential to increase the specificity and potency of the anticancer response while decreasing the systemic adverse effects that arise from conventional treatments that target both cancerous and healthy cells. This review highlights the generation of clinical-grade T cells expressing CARs for immunotherapy, the use of these cells to target B-cell malignancies and, particularly, the first clinical trials deploying the Sleeping Beauty gene transfer system, which engineers T cells to target CD19+ leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Pathophysiology of acute renal failure. (2000)

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common renal disease affecting up to 5% of all hospitalized patients, with a higher prevalence of 10-30% in patients in critical care units (1-3). Despite advances in the management of critically ill patients and technological advances in renal replacement therapy, the high mortality of patients with ARF has not changed over the last decades and remains above 50% (4-6). Moreover, as a consequence of more advanced medical therapy and more complicated surgical interventions in older and multimorbid patients, the number of patients with ARF is increasing (1, 4, 5). Moreover, ARF itself increases the risk to develop additional complications that can be deleterious. Recently, an independent association between ARF and mortality has been shown in patients following administration of radiocontrast media in an intensive care unit and in patients following cardiac surgery (6, 7). Following radiocontrast media the mortality of patients with ARF was increased five fold and following cardiac surgery sixteen-fold as compared to patients with the same underlying disease without ARF. The pathophysiology of ischemic ARF is reviewed with the emphasis on the following mechanisms: Increased fractional excretion of sodium, Activation of tubuloglomerular feedback, Cytoskeletal disruption, Tubular obstruction, Vascular mechanisms. The following mediators will also be discussed: Calcium, Cysteine proteases, Nitric oxide, Adhesion receptors and integrins.
Efficacy of Hyaluronidase in Reducing Increases in Intraocular Pressure Related to the Use of Viscoelastic Substances (1998)

Injections of hyaluronidase into the anterior chamber of rabbits effectively prevent increases in intraocular pressure induced by hyaluronan-containing viscoelastic substances. This effect may be related to the ability of hyaluronidase to cleave hyaluronan moieties.
Experimental aerogenic Burkholderia mallei (glanders) infection in the BALB/c mouse (2003)

The object of this study was to develop and characterize experimental Burkholderia mallei aerosol infection in BALB/c mice. Sixty-five mice were infected with 5000 [approx. 2.5 median lethal doses (MLD)] B. mallei strain ATCC 23344(T) bacteria by the aerosol route. Bacterial counts within lung, liver, spleen, brain, kidney and blood over 14 days were determined and histopathological and immunocytochemical profiles were assessed. Mortality due to B. mallei infection occurred between days 4 and 10 post-infection. Bacterial numbers were consistently higher in the lungs than in other tissues, reaching a maximum of approximately 1.0 x 10(6) c.f.u. ml(-1) at 5 days post-infection. Bacterial counts in liver and spleen tissue remained approximately equal, reaching a maximum of approximately 1.0 x 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1) at day 4 post-infection. By day 14 post-infection, bacterial counts were in the range 1.0 x 10(3)-1.0 x 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1) for all tissues. Infection of the lungs by B. mallei resulted in foci of acute inflammation and necrosis. As infection progressed, the inflammatory process became subacute or chronic; this was associated with the development of extensive consolidation. Lesions in liver and spleen tissue were typical of those that might be expected in bacteraemia or bacterial toxaemia. These results suggest that the BALB/c mouse is susceptible to B. mallei when delivered by the aerosol route and that this represents a model system of acute human glanders that is suitable for research into the pathogenesis of and vaccines against this disease.