gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triisopropyl Borate (2006)

[5419-55-6] C9H21BO3 (MW 188.11) InChI = 1S/C9H21BO3/c1-7(2)11-10(12-8(3)4)13-9(5)6/h7-9H,1-6H3 InChIKey = NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used for the preparation of boronic acids and esters;1a also used as Lewis acid catalyst or additive in many reactions) Physical Data: bp 139–141 °C; nD20 1.3764; d 0.815 g cm−3. Solubility: very sol ether, ethanol, isopropanol, benzene; dec in H2O.2 Form Supplied in: colorless liquid, about 98% pure. Purification: by distillation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; must be stored under nitrogen in a cool dry place; irritating to the skin and to the eyes.3
Respiratory Compensation Point during Incremental Exercise as Related to Hypoxic Ventilatory Chemosensitivity and Lactate Increase in Man. (2000)

The pulmonary ventilation-O2 uptake (VE-VO2) relationship during incremental exercise has two inflection points: one at a lower VO2, termed the ventilatory threshold (VT); and another at a higher VO2, the respiratory compensation point (RCP). The individuality of RCP was studied in relation to those of the chemosensitivities of the central and peripheral chemoreceptors, which were assessed by resting estimates of hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) and hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), respectively, and the rate of lactic acid increase during exercise, which was estimated as a slope difference (delta slope) between a lower slope of VCO2-VO2 relationship (VCO2:CO2 output) obtained at work rates below VT and a higher slope at work rates between VT and RCP. Twenty-two male and sixteen female subjects underwent a 1 min incremental exercise test until exhaustion, in which VT, RCP and delta slope were determined. All measures were normalized for body surface area. In the males, the individual difference in RCP was inversely correlated with those of HVR and delta slope (p < 0.05), and in the females, similar tendencies persisted, while the correlation did not reach statistically significant levels (0.05 < p < 0.1). There was no significant correlation between RCP and HCVR in either sex. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that 40 to 50% of the variance of RCP was accounted for by those of HVR and delta slope, both of which were related linearly and additively to RCP, this relation being manifested in the males but not in the females without consideration of the menstrual cycle. These results suggest that the individuality of RCP depends partly on the chemosensitivity of the carotid bodies and the rate of lactic acid increase during incremental exercise.
Universal linkage system: An improved method for labeling archival DNA for comparative genomic hybridization (1999)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has become a powerful technique for studying gains and losses of DNA sequences in solid tumors. Importantly, DNA derived from archival tumor tissue is also applicable in CGH analysis. However, DNA isolated from routinely processed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is often degraded, with the bulk of DNA showing fragment sizes of only 400-750 bp. Enzymatic labeling of archival DNA by standard nick translation (NT) decreases DNA size even further, until it becomes too small for CGH (<300 bp). This study presents application in CGH of a commercially available, non-enzymatic labeling method, called Universal Linkage System (ULS), that leaves the DNA fragment size intact. To compare the effect of chemical labeling of archival DNA by ULS vs. enzymatic by NT on the quality of CGH, DNA derived from 16 tumors was labeled by both ULS and NT. In those cases (n = 8), in which the bulk of DNA had a fragment size of 400-1,000 bp, CGH was successful with ULS-labeled probes, but not with NT-labeled probes. In the DNA samples (n = 6) with a fragment size > 1 kb, the intensity of CGH signals was comparable for both ULS- and NT-labeled probes, but CGH with ULS-labeled samples showed a high, speckled, background, which seriously hampered image analysis. In the remaining two cases, which had evenly distributed DNA fragment sizes (range 250-5,000 bp), CGH was successful with both labeling methods. Using DNA fragment size < 1 kb as a selection criterion for ULS labeling, we were able to obtain good quality CGH of a large panel (n = 77) of a variety of archival solid tumors. We conclude that ULS is an excellent labeling method for performing CGH on small-fragment-sized DNA.
Windows Sysinternals徹底解説 : Windows管理者必携ツールを使い尽くすためのバイブル (2012)

第１部 はじめに（Ｓｙｓｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｓユーティリティの始め方；Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓのコアの概念を学ぶ） 第２部 リファレンスガイド（Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ；Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒ；Ａｕｔｏｒｕｎｓ ほか） 第３部 トラブルシューティング—“原因不明の…の問題”（エラーメッセージ；ハングアップとパフォーマンスの低下；マルウェア）
HLA-linked rheumatoid arthritis. (1994)

Twenty-eight pedigrees were ascertained through pairs of first-degree relatives diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA was confirmed in 77 pedigree members including probands; the absence of disease was verified in an additional 261 pedigree members. Pedigree members were serologically typed for HLA. We used likelihood analysis to statistically characterize the HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus. The genetic model assumed tight linkage to HLA. The analysis supported the existence of an HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus, estimated the susceptibility allele frequency as 2.16%, and estimated the lifetime penetrance as 41% in male homozygotes and as 48% in female homozygotes. Inheritance was recessive in males and was nearly recessive in females. In addition, the analysis attributed 78% of the variance within genotypes to genetic or environmental effects shared by siblings. The genetic model inferred in this analysis is consistent with previous association, linkage, and familial aggregation studies of RA. The inferred HLA-linked RA susceptibility locus accounts for approximately one-half of familial RA, although it accounts for only approximately one-fifth of the RA in the population. Although other genes may account for the remaining familial RA, a large portion of RA cases may occur sporadically.
Modeling the communication costs of content-based routing (2007)

Content-based routing (CBR) provides the core distribution support of several middleware paradigms, most notably content-based publish-subscribe. Despite its popularity, however, the performance of CBR protocols is typically evaluated through simulation, and analytical models are extremely rare in the literature. Analytical models capture formally the characteristic of the analyzed system, and are therefore worth pursuing on their own. However, they also provide very practical advantages in that they allow one to evaluate tradeoffs extensively (i.e., across many parameter combinations and across all the interesting values) without the lengthy computation times required by simulations. These benefits are particularly welcome when large-scale networks are considered.
Brain monoamines and peptides: role in the control of eating behavior. (1986)

Studies of brain monoamines and neuropeptides have provided extensive evidence in support of their role in the control of normal eating behavior. In this process, the medial and lateral portions of the hypothalamus, working in conjunction with forebrain and hindbrain sites and with peripheral autonomic-endocrine systems, have a critical responsibility in balancing signals for hunger and satiety. Via its rich and biologically active neurotransmitter substances, the hypothalamus monitors and integrates the complex sensory and metabolic input concerning the nutritional status of the organism and transduces this information into appropriate quantitative and qualitative adjustments in food intake. The specific neurotransmitters for which there is the most extensive evidence for a physiological function include the eating-stimulatory substances norepinephrine (alpha 2), opioid peptides, pancreatic polypeptides, growth hormone-releasing factor, and gamma-aminobutyric acid; the eating-inhibitory substances dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, calcitonin, glucagon, and corticotropin-releasing factor; and possibly other gut-brain peptides. From biochemical, pharmacological, and anatomical studies, hypotheses have been generated to explain the role of these various monoamines and neuropeptides in controlling total energy intake, in determining the amount and pattern of macronutrient selection, and in maintaining normal energy and nutrient stores under fluctuating conditions within the external environment.
Contactless passive diagnosis for brain intracranial applications: A study using dielectric matching materials (2010)

A prototype system for passive intracranial monitoring using microwave radiometry is proposed. It comprises an ellipsoidal conductive wall cavity to achieve beamforming and focusing, in conjunction with sensitive multiband receivers for detection. The system has already shown the capability to provide temperature and/or conductivity variations in phantoms and biological tissue. In this article, a variant of the initially constructed modality is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Specifically, dielectric matching materials are used in an effort to improve the system's focusing attributes. The theoretical study investigates the effect of dielectric matching materials on the system's detection depth, whereas measurements with phantoms focus on the investigation of the system's detection level and spatial resolution. The combined results suggest that the dielectric matching layers lead to the improvement of the system's detection depth and temperature detection level. Also, the system's spatial resolution is explored at various experimental setups. Theoretical and experimental results conclude that with the appropriate combination of operation frequencies and dielectric layers, it is possible to monitor areas of interest inside human head models with a variety of detection depths and spatial resolutions.
Transvenous atrial septal defect occlusion in piglets with a "buttoned" double-disk device. (1990)

The feasibility and safety of transvenous closure of atrial septal defects by a new device was tested in 20 piglets, in which atrial septal defects were created by foramen ovale dilatation with angioplasty balloons. The device was small enough to be introduced in a 7F or 8F sheath, and it measured 20-25 mm. It has no hooks and consists of a foam occluder from the left atrium and a counter-occluder from the right atrium, buttoned independently. The animals were observed by angiography and color flow mapping, and they were electively killed at various intervals up to 2 months after occlusion. The device was not thrombogenic and had endothelialized by 2-3 weeks. All atrial defects were found to be completely occluded. Complications occurred only with the first three prototype devices, including counter-occluder detachment, right atrial perforation, and need for double occlusion and pulmonary artery embolization. No such complications occurred in the last 17 experiments because of modifications of the device and operator experience. These observations showed the feasibility of occlusion of moderate-size atrial septal defects in piglets by a new device introduced through a small sheath. The method appears promising for potential human application.
Enhancement of chemosensitivity and programmed cell death by tyrosine kinase inhibitors correlates with EGFR expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. (1999)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170 kD transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity. Overexpression of the EGFR has been detected in many human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. We investigated the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on chemosensitivity and chemotherapeutic drug-induced programmed cell death in NSCLC cell lines that express different levels of EGFR. NCI-H596 cells, which strongly express EGFR, were more resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide than were NCI-H358 cells, which only weakly express EGFR. Both genistein, a general tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and tyrphostin AG 1478, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific for EGFR, inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR in NCI-H596. Combinations of genistein or tyrphostin AG 1478 with cisplatin, doxorubicin, or etoposide enhanced the antiproliferative effects and induced programmed cell death in NCI-H596 cells, whereas no such additive effects were observed in NCI-H358 cells. The programmed cell death induced by these agents involved CPP32 mediated PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs may prove to be a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those types of NSCLC that demonstrate strong expression of EGFR.
LIF: a molecule with divergent actions on myeloid leukaemic cells and embryonic stem cells (1989)

We have previously characterized, purified and cloned a novel murine and human regulator [leukaemia inhibitory factor, LIF] which induces the differentiation of certain murine and human myeloid leukaemic cells. Recently we have shown that there are specific LIF receptors on murine embryonic stem [ES] and embryonal carcinoma [EC] cells and that purified recombinant LIF can substitute for feeder cells and crude sources of differentiation inhibiting activity [DIA] [such as BRL-cell-conditioned medium] in the maintenance of ES cells in a pluripotential state in vitro. Furthermore, ES cells maintained in culture in recombinant LIF for a prolonged period can give rise to germline chimaeric mice. Thus, based on a number of biochemical and biological similarities, it is likely that LIF and DIA are the same molecule. The identification of LIF as a molecule, necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of ES cells in culture, should have a profound impact on the use of these cells for genetic manipulations.
Evaluation of serum and pleural levels of soluble B7-H4 in lung cancer patients with pleural effusion (2015)

Measurement of sB7-H4 and CEA might be useful diagnostic value for malignant effusion.
Multiple Alkynes React with Ethylene To Enhance Carbon Nanotube Synthesis, Suggesting a Polymerization-like Formation Mechanism (2010)

Thermal treatments of feedstock gases (e.g., C(2)H(4)/H(2)) used during carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis result in the formation of a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some of these are likely important CNT precursors, while others are superfluous and possibly degrade product quality, form amorphous carbon, and/or contribute to growth termination. To simulate the effect of thermal treatment without this chemical complexity, we delivered trace amounts of individual hydrocarbons, along with ethylene and hydrogen, to a cold-wall atmospheric pressure reactor containing a locally heated metal catalyst (Fe on Al(2)O(3)). Using these compound-specific experiments, we demonstrate that many alkynes (e.g., acetylene, methyl acetylene, and vinyl acetylene) accelerate multiwalled CNT formation with this catalyst system. Furthermore, ethylene is required for enhanced CNT growth, suggesting that the alkyne and ethylene may react in concert at the metal catalyst. This presents a distinct CNT formation mechanism where the chemical precursors may be intact during C-C bond formation, such as in polymerization reactions, challenging the widely accepted hypothesis that precursors completely dissociate into C (or C(2)) units before "precipitating" from the metal. Armed with these mechanistic insights, we were able to form high-purity CNTs rapidly with a 15-fold improvement in yield, a 50% reduction in energetic costs, and order of magnitude reduction in unwanted byproduct formation (e.g., toxic and smog-forming chemicals and greenhouse gases).
Cloning and characterization of ERG8, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes phosphomevalonate kinase. (1991)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that contain the ery8-1 mutation are temperature sensitive for growth due to a defect in phosphomevalonate kinase, an enzyme of isoprene and ergosterol biosynthesis. A plasmid bearing the yeast ERG8 gene was isolated from a YCp50 genomic library by functional complementation of the erg8-1 mutant strain. Genetic analysis demonstrated that integrated copies of an ERG8 plasmid mapped to the erg8 locus, confirming the identity of this clone. Southern analysis showed that ERG8 was a single-copy gene. Subcloning and DNA sequencing defined the functional ERG8 regulon as an 850-bp upstream region and an adjacent 1,272-bp open reading frame. The deduced 424-amino-acid ERG8 protein showed no homology to known proteins except within a putative ATP-binding domain present in many kinases. Disruption of the chromosomal ERG8 coding region by integration of URA3 or HIS3 marker fragments was lethal in haploid cells, indicating that this gene is essential. Expression of the ERG8 gene in S. cerevisiae from the galactose-inducible galactokinase (GAL1) promoter resulted in 1,000-fold-elevated levels of phosphomevalonate kinase enzyme activity. Overproduction of a soluble protein with the predicted 48-kDa size for phosphomevalonate kinase was also observed in the yeast cells.
Filtration of Lignin in Hydrolysis Solution (1978)

恒圧沪過の基礎試験の結果,比抵抗はgraceの加圧沪過限界以上の10^11オーダの比抵抗を圧力2～8ka/cm2で示した。したがって,リグニン炉過はフィルタプレスが至当であると結論した。

リグニンの粒子は,沈降速度の測定から算出したところ,硫酸濃度により複雑なる変化が認められた。ところが洗浄時のリパルプによる沪過の比抵抗は,第一リパルプでは初回沪過より低く,第三リパルプでは初回沪過より高い結果を得,この際の硫酸濃度をリグニン粒子の場合と比較すると,ほぼ同一の傾向がみられた。

テストプラントの試験結果では,比抵抗は硫酸混合比が支配的であり,混合比が少なくなれば,その比抵抗は増大する。また,粘度の目安として,(H2SO4%)×(還元糖%)×(平均重合度)との関係を求めたが,(H2SO4%)×(還元糖%)×(平均重合度)が10～300では粘度の変化はないが,300以上で急激に粘度が増大する。これは実用的には利用できる目安とならう。
A Good Bargain: An Inexpensive, Air‐Stable Ruthenium Metathesis Catalyst Derived from α‐Asarone (2003)

Abstract The one‐step synthesis of ruthenium carbene precatalyst 7 from inexpensive α‐asarone [( E )‐ 6 ] is described. This recyclable and easy to obtain complex can be used successfully in various types of metathesis (RCM, CM, enyne) as a cheaper and more potent substitute of the Hoveyda‐type precatalyst 2b . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: an update. (2000)

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) appears in the appendix of the DSM-IV under the heading 'depressive disorder not otherwise specified'. Yet, recently, a group of experts reached a consensus that PMDD is a distinct clinical entity with characteristic symptoms of irritability, anger, internal tension, dysphoria, and mood lability. PMDD is the more severe form of premenstrual symptomatology, whereas premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is milder and more prevalent and both must be differentiated from premenstrual magnification/exacerbation of an underlying major psychiatric disorder or a medical condition. Accurate assessment and diagnosis of significant premenstrual symptomatology is paramount and can be influenced by subjective perception, retrospective versus prospective reporting, and cultural context. The serotonergic system, which is in a close reciprocal relationship with the gonadal hormones, has been identified as the most plausible target for intervention. Results from randomized placebo-controlled trials in women with PMDD have clearly demonstrated that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), with daily or intermittent dosing, have excellent efficacy and minimal adverse effects and should be considered first-line treatment. Luteal phase only SSRI administration may offer an attractive treatment option for a disorder that is itself intermittent. Hormonal interventions, in particular the suppression of ovulation will eliminate premenstrual symptomatology; however, the benefits-risk ratio of these approaches should be carefully evaluated with the patient.
Directly labeled mRNA produces highly precise and unbiased differential gene expression data (2003)

Microarray based gene expression studies allow simultaneous analysis of relative amounts of messenger RNA (mRNA) for thousands of genes using fluorescently labeled nucleic acid targets. Most common methods use enzymatic techniques, such as oligo-dT primed reverse transcription to produce labeled cDNA. These labeling methods have a number of shortcomings, including enzyme- introduced labeling and sequence bias, laborious protocols, high experiment-to-experiment variability and an inability to detect small changes in expression levels. Here, we describe a novel labeling methodology that uses platinum-linked cyanine dyes to directly chemically label mRNA from as little as 2 micro g of total RNA. We show that the gene expression data produced using the labeled mRNA method has very high precision, low error, no labeling bias and a dynamic range over several orders of magnitude. This allows a greater accuracy in the identification of differentially expressed genes and cuts down on the need for running too many replicate assays. Small changes in gene expression can now be detected in large-scale gene expression profiling assays using this simple, easy and quick procedure.
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 deficiency eliminates cardiovascular injuries induced by high-salt diet (2010)

ASK1 is implicated in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by high-salt diet, through the enhancement of oxidative stress.
Antibody-Mediated p53 Protein Therapy Prevents Liver MetastasisIn vivo (2007)

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3E10 Fv antibody-mediated p53 protein therapy, an Fv-p53 fusion protein produced in Pichia pastoris was tested on CT26.CL25 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of colon cancer metastasis to the liver. In vitro experiments showed killing of CT26.CL25 cells by Fv-p53 but not Fv or p53 alone, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that Fv was required for transport of p53 into cells. Prevention of liver metastasis in vivo was tested by splenic injection of 100 nmol/L Fv-p53 10 min and 1 week after injection of CT26.CL25 cancer cells into the portal vein of BALB/c mice. Mice were sacrificed 1 week after the second injection of Fv-p53 and assigned a quantitative metastasis score. Control mice had an average metastasis score of 3.3 +/- 1.3, whereas mice treated with Fv-p53 had an average metastasis score of 0.8 +/- 0.4 (P = 0.004). These results indicate that Fv-p53 treatment had a profound effect on liver metastasis and represent the first demonstration of effective full-length p53 protein therapy in vivo. mAb 3E10 Fv has significant clinical potential as a mediator of intracellular and intranuclear delivery of p53 for prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.
Inhibition of Nuclear Translocation of Transcription Factor NF-κB by a Synthetic Peptide Containing a Cell Membrane-permeable Motif and Nuclear Localization Sequence (1995)

To control agonist-induced nuclear translocation of transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) in intact cells, cell-permeable synthetic peptides were devised. Their import into intact cells was dependent on a hydrophobic region selected from the signal peptide sequences and was verified by their inaccessibility to extracellular proteases and by confocal laser scanning microscopy. When a cell-permeable peptide carried a functional cargo representing the nuclear localization sequence of NF-kappa B p50, it inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in cultured endothelial and monocytic cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Synthetic peptide analogues with deleted hydrophobic cell membrane-permeable motif or with a mutated nuclear localization sequence were inactive. Cell membrane-permeable peptides were not cytotoxic within the concentration range used in these experiments. These results suggest that cell-permeable synthetic peptides carrying a functional cargo can be applied to control signal transduction-dependent subcellular traffic of transcription factors mediating the cellular responses to different agonists. Moreover, this approach can be used to study other intracellular processes involving proteins with functionally distinct domains.