gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant Electrostriction and Relaxor Ferroelectric Behavior in Electron-Irradiated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer (1998)

An exceptionally high electrostrictive response ( approximately 4 percent) was observed in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer. The material exhibits typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior, suggesting that the electron irradiation breaks up the coherent polarization domain (all-trans chains) in normal ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer into nanopolar regions (nanometer-size, all-trans chains interrupted by trans and gauche bonds) that transform the material into a relaxor ferroelectric. The expanding and contracting of these polar regions under external fields, coupled with a large difference in the lattice strain between the polar and nonpolar phases, generate an ultrahigh strain response.
Multi-channel modulation in a DWDM monolithic photonic integrated circuit (2003)

We present a multi-channel modulation circuit monolithically integrated with one 25-GHz-spacing AWG for both MUX and DEMUX and eight channels of SOAs and EAMs. The circuit can generate individual optical signals for each DWDM channel with a high extinction ratio of >20 dB and loss compensation. The circuit size can be reduced to 15 /spl times/ 7 mm/sup 2/.
A vision-based approach for the direct measurement of displacements in vibrating systems (2003)

This paper reports the results of an analytical and experimental study to develop, calibrate, implement and evaluate the feasibility of a novel vision-based approach for obtaining direct measurements of the absolute displacement time history at selectable locations of dispersed civil infrastructure systems such as long-span bridges. The measurements were obtained using a highly accurate camera in conjunction with a laser tracking reference. Calibration of the vision system was conducted in the lab to establish performance envelopes and data processing algorithms to extract the needed information from the captured vision scene. Subsequently, the monitoring apparatus was installed in the vicinity of the Vincent Thomas Bridge in the metropolitan Los Angeles region. This allowed the deployment of the instrumentation system under realistic conditions so as to determine field implementation issues that need to be addressed. It is shown that the proposed approach has the potential of leading to an economical and robust system for obtaining direct, simultaneous, measurements at several locations of the displacement time histories of realistic infrastructure systems undergoing complex three-dimensional deformations.
Silencing Beta2-adrenergic receptors reduces intraocular pressure: A new approach for glaucoma therapy: Un nuevo acercamiento a la terapia del Glaucoma (2012)

La busqueda de nuevos tratamientos para la hipertension ocular y el glaucoma, dado los efectos secundarios que presentan los farmacos actuales, sugieren el desarrollo de estrategias diferentes a las actualmente disponibles. En este sentido se ha puesto a punto la tecnologia de los RNA de interferencia (RNAi) tambien llamados siRNA para silenciando selectivamente los receptores beta2 adrenergicos tratar de obtener una reduccion sustancial de la presion intraocular (PIO), principal factor desencadenante del glaucoma. El empleo de un siRNA de origen comercial para el receptor beta2 ha producido una reduccion sustancial de la PIO de 30 ± 5 %, comparado con el control, un siRNA sin sentido (scramble). Estos resultados fueron en magnitud semejantes al de los farmacos comerciales salvo que la duracion del siRNA para el receptor beta2 adrenergico duro casi 5 dias en comparacion de las 8 horas que suelen durar los farmacos comerciales. Los estudios en relacion con los efectos secundarios no mostraron ninguna modificacion en las estructuras oculares. En resumen, el empleo de los siRNA frente a los receptores beta2 adrenergicos presenta muy buenas perspectivas como aproximacion novedosa para el tratamiento del glaucoma
Measured efficiency of a ZnO nanostructured diode piezoelectric energy harvesting device (2012)

We used controlled bending of a ZnO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) diode at known strain rates to measure the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency. The mechanical energy input into the nanostructured diode was measured as 330 ± 2 nJ cm−2. The electrical energy output was calculated by integrating the product of the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage over time. This gives a measured external efficiency of the device at a bending rate of 500 mm/min of 0.0067%. The efficiency increased exponentially with bending rate, though this increase must slow as the mechanical coupling efficiency is approached, which gives a maximum possible efficiency of 23% for ZnO.
Discovery of Potent, Nonsystemic Apical Sodium-Codependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitors (Part 1) (2005)

Elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis leading to coronary artery disease (CAD), which remains the main cause of mortality in Western society. We believe that by preventing the reabsorption of bile acids, a minimally absorbed apical sodium-codependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor would lower the serum cholesterol without the potential systemic side effects of an absorbed drug. A series of novel benzothiepines (3R,3R'-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-aryl-1-benzothiepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxides) were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the apical sodium dependent bile acid transport (ASBT)-mediated uptake of [(14)C]taurocholate (TC) in H14 cells. A 3R,4R,5R/3S,4S,5S racemate was found to have greater potency than the other three possible racemates. Addition of electron-donating groups such as a dimethylamino substituent at the 7 position greatly enhanced potency, and incorporation of a long-chain quaternary ammonium substituent on the 5-phenyl ring was useful in minimizing systemic exposure of this locally active ASBT inhibitor while also increasing water solubility and maintaining potency. The reported results describe the synthesis and SAR development of this benzothiepine class of ASBT inhibitors resulting in an 6000-fold improvement in ASBT inhibition with desired minimal systemic exposure of this locally acting drug candidate.
Role of the Bombyx mori R2 element N-terminal domain in the target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT) reaction (2005)

R2 is a site-specific non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon encoding a single polypeptide with reverse transcriptase, DNA endonuclease and nucleic acid-binding domains. The current model of R2 retrotransposition involves an ordered series of cleavage and polymerization steps carried out by at least two R2 protein subunits, one bound upstream and one bound downstream of the integration site. The role in the retrotransposition reaction of two conserved DNA-binding motifs, a C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) and a Myb motif, located within the N-terminal domain of the protein are explored in this report. These motifs do not appear to play a role in RT or the ability of the protein to bind the R2 RNA transcript. Methylation and missing nucleoside interference-based DNA footprints using polypeptides to the N-terminal domain suggest the ZF and Myb motifs bind to regions -3 to -1 and +10 to +15 with reference to the insertion site. Mutations in these DNA sites or of the N-terminal protein domain blocked binding and the activity of the downstream subunit. Mutations of the protein domain also affected binding of the upstream subunit but not its function, suggesting the primary path to DNA target recognition by R2 involves both upstream and downstream subunits.
Dietary regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in mouse liver. (1992)

Expression of the murine liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (SCD1) is induced upon feeding fasted mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet (Ntambi, J. M., Buhrow, S. A., Kaestner, K. H., Christy, R. J., Sibley, E., Kelly, T. J., and Lane, M.D. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 17291-17300). In the present study, SCD1-specific RNA riboprobes and cDNA probes were used to study the mechanism for the induction of SCD1 mRNA. Based on the time course of induction, the SCD1 mRNA increased from 2-fold within 6 h to 45-fold within 36 h. Nuclear run-on transcription studies showed that the accumulation of SCD1 mRNA after refeeding starved mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet was a consequence of the transcriptional activation of the SCD1 gene. The SCD1 mRNA level decreased rapidly (t1/2 = approximately 4 h) within 24 h when mice fed the fat-free, high carbohydrate diet were switched to a regular chow diet. Furthermore, when the fat-free diet was supplemented with triacylglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, the transcription of the SCD1 gene and the induction of the SCD1 mRNA were significantly blunted. Triacylglycerides containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were without dramatic effects. In contrast, synthesis of liver albumin mRNA was little affected by any of these dietary variations, indicating that the observed changes in the transcription of the SCD1 gene and mRNA levels were specific. These data demonstrate that both dietary carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids or their metabolites directly or indirectly regulate the expression of the SCD1 gene in mouse liver.
Phase I Study of Neratinib in Combination With Temsirolimus in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Dependent and Other Solid Tumors (2013)

The combination of neratinib and temsirolimus was tolerable and demonstrated antitumor activity in multiple tumor types, warranting further evaluation.
Fab@Home Model 3: A More Robust, Cost Effective and Accessible Open Hardware Fabrication Platform (2011)

Solid Freeform Fabrication is transitioning from an industrial process and research endeavor towards a ubiquitous technology in the lives of every designer and innovator. In order to speed this transition Fab@Home Model 3 was created with the goal of expanding the user base of SFF technology by lowering the skill and price barriers to entry while enabling technology developers to leverage their core competencies more efficiently. The result is a device, which is modular with respect to tool heads, fabrication processes, and electronics controls, costs under $1000, and requires only a simple tool set to assemble.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Various Metal Electrodes in Aqueous Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Solution. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. Complete sequence and functional expression of cDNA clones. (1988)

The major class of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors was isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, and a partial amino acid sequence was obtained. This allowed the isolation of cDNA clones from which the entire amino acid sequence was established. The smooth muscle cell ANP receptor appears to be synthesized as a 537-amino acid precursor with an N-terminal membrane translocation signal. The mature form consists of 496 amino acids with a single potential transmembrane domain predicting a 37-amino acid cytoplasmic domain and a large, acidic, extracellular domain low in cysteine and probably containing attached carbohydrate. The receptor is therefore similar in structure to the growth factor receptors but notably lacks repetitive cysteine-rich domains and has a relatively small intracellular domain. Expression of the cloned receptor in Xenopus oocytes elicited high affinity, membrane-associated binding sites for ANP and for truncated and internally deleted analogs of ANP. These results reflect the ligand binding specificity found for the major class of ANP receptors on smooth muscle cells and thus provide additional evidence that two distinct ANP receptors exist since ANP receptor-coupled guanylate cyclase activity exhibits a very different ANP analog specificity.
An improved error model for noisy channel spelling correction (2000)

The noisy channel model has been applied to a wide range of problems, including spelling correction. These models consist of two components: a source model and a channel model. Very little research has gone into improving the channel model for spelling correction. This paper describes a new channel model for spelling correction, based on generic string to string edits. Using this model gives significant performance improvements compared to previously proposed models.
Editorial: Decernotinib: A Next‐Generation Jakinib (2015)

Since the beginning of this millennium, rheumatologists have become applied cytokine biologists, taking advantage of the plethora of successful “biologics” that target cytokines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders. The mechanism of action of these agents is to block cytokines outside of the cell. However, the actions of cytokines can also be blocked by disrupting signaling pathways within the cell. This is the mechanism of action employed by a recent class of orally administered drugs, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors or Jakinibs. In this issue of A&R, Genovese and colleagues report the results of a Phase IIb study with decernotinib, a second generation, JAK3-selective Jakinib (1).
A new PAPR reduction in OFDM systems using PTS combined with APPR for TWTA nonlinear HPA (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique using a partial transmit sequence (PTS) combined with adaptive peak power reduction (APPR) methods. This technique is used in a system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). In order to reduce PAPR, the sequence of input data is rearranged by the PTS for the reduction of PAPR and then fed to the APPR process in the proposed system. The APPR method controls the peak level of the modulation signal by an adaptive algorithm. The proposed method shows the improvement on PAPR, on the power spectrum density (PSD) and on the high performance on bit error rate (BER) of an OFDM system.
Human epidermal Langerhans cells express the tight junction protein claudin‐1 and are present in human genetic claudin‐1 deficiency (NISCH syndrome) (2007)

Claudin-1 (CLDN1) is a structural tight junction (TJ) protein and is expressed in differentiating keratinocytes and Langerhans cells in the epidermis. Our objective was to identify immunoreactive CLDN1 in human epidermal Langerhans cells and to examine the pattern of epidermal Langerhans cells in genetic human CLDN1 deficiency [neonatal ichthyosis, sclerosing cholangitis (NISCH) syndrome]. Epidermal cells from healthy human skin labelled with CLDN1-specific antibodies were analysed by confocal laser immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Skin biopsy sections of two patients with NISCH syndrome were stained with an antibody to CD1a expressed on epidermal Langerhans cells. Epidermal Langerhans cells and a subpopulation of keratinocytes from healthy skin were positive for CLDN1. The gross number and distribution of epidermal Langerhans cells of two patients with molecularly confirmed NISCH syndrome, however, was not grossly altered. Therefore, CLDN1 is unlikely to play a critical role in migration of Langerhans cells (or their precursors) to the epidermis or their positioning within the epidermis. Our findings do not exclude a role of this TJ molecule once Langerhans cells have left the epidermis for draining lymph nodes.
Transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of CREB-binding protein (CBP) exhibit deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory storage (2005)

Deletions, translocations, or point mutations in the CREB-binding protein (CBP) gene have been associated with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome; a human developmental disorder characterized by retarded growth and reduced mental function. To examine the role of CBP in memory, transgenic mice were generated in which the CaMKII alpha promoter drives expression of an inhibitory truncated CBP protein in forebrain neurons. Examination of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory storage, revealed significantly reduced late-phase LTP induced by dopamine-regulated potentiation in hippocampal slices from CBP transgenic mice. However, four-train induced late-phase LTP is normal. Behaviorally, CBP transgenic mice exhibited memory deficits in spatial learning in the Morris water maze and deficits in long-term memory for contextual fear conditioning, two hippocampus-dependent tasks. Together, these results demonstrate that CBP is involved in specific forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent long-term memory formation.
Rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier for eight-channel CWDM transmission systems (2004)

We describe a rare-earth-doped optical fiber amplifier for a CWDM transmission system that uses eight channels ranging from 1470 to 1610 nm. The amplifier has a relatively simple configuration and achieved an average gain of 22.5 dB with a gain variation of 2 dB in the 1463-1537 and 1543-1617 nm wavelength regions.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Modulates Mitogenic Responses of Human Cultured Airway Smooth Muscle (1995)

Airway wall remodeling, including hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, is regarded as an important contributor to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients. The effects of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on the mitogenic responses of human cultured airway smooth muscle have been investigated. Lower concentrations of TNF alpha (0.3 to 30 pM) had a small, delayed (48-h incubation), stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis that was blocked by dexamethasone (1 microM), aspirin (100 microM), or primaquine (30 microM) pretreatment, indicating that this effect was secondary to the release of cyclooxygenase products. TNF alpha (300 pM; 24- to 48-h incubation) alone had no effect on cell number or DNA or protein synthesis, but markedly reduced the stimulatory effects of thrombin (0.3 U/ml). TNF alpha (300 pM) also inhibited mitogenic responses to fetal calf serum (10%), epidermal growth factor (300 pM), and the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 (100 nM), indicating a nonselective effect. The inhibitory effects of TNF alpha (300 pM) were not blocked by pretreating the cells with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin (100 microM), the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor CGS 8515 (3 microM), or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-iminoethyl-L-ornithine (100 microM), suggesting that neither arachidonic acid metabolites nor nitric oxide were mediators of the inhibitory effect. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor primaquine (30 microM) had no effect on the inhibitory responses to TNF alpha, whereas the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone (1 microM) prevented TNF alpha inhibition of mitogenic responses. Thus, concentrations of TNF alpha, within the range detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics, suppress mitogenic responses by a mechanism that is sensitive to inhibition by anti-inflammatory steroids, but does not appear to involve established targets for modulation by steroids, including arachidonic acid metabolism or induction of nitric oxide synthase.
Induction of glutathione transferases and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase by fumaric acid derivatives in rodent cells and tissues. (1990)

Dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl maleate are potent inducers of cytosolic NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (here designated quinone reductase) activity in Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells in culture, whereas fumaric and maleic acids are much less potent, in agreement with the much greater reactivity of the esters as Michael reaction acceptors (P. Talalay, M. J. De Long, and H. J. Prochaska, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:8261-8265, 1988). Dimethyl fumarate also induced quinone reductase in mutants of the Hepa 1c1c7 cell line that were either defective in the Ah receptor or in cytochrome P1-450 activity, thereby establishing that this compound is a monofunctional inducer (H. J. Prochaska and P. Talalay, Cancer Res., 48: 4776-4782, 1988). Addition of dimethyl fumarate to the diet of female CD-1 mice and female Sprague-Dawley rats at 0.2-0.5% concentrations elevated cytosolic glutathione transferases and quinone reductase activities in a variety of organs, whereas much higher concentrations of fumaric acid were only marginally active. The widespread induction of such detoxication enzymes by dimethyl fumarate suggests the potential value of this compound as a protective agent against chemical carcinogenesis and other forms of electrophile toxicity. This proposal is supported by the finding that the concentrations of dimethyl fumarate required to obtain substantial enzyme inductions were well tolerated by rodents. Furthermore, the parent fumaric acid has low chronic toxicity and is a naturally occurring metabolic intermediate that is already in the food chain as an additive, and fumarate salts and esters are used for therapeutic purposes in man.
The effects of natural killer-cell depletion on ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood. (2003)

The results indicate that depletion of NK cells may be beneficial in producing hematopoietic progenitor cells from cord blood in ex vivo expansion systems. The effect of NK-cell depletion on ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells should be further assessed by a repopulating cell assay in NOD/SCID mice.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and related molecules in type 2 diabetes (2008)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a widely distributed physiological enzyme that can be found solubilized in blood, or membrane-anchored in tissues. DPP IV and related dipeptidase enzymes cleave a wide range of physiological peptides and have been associated with several disease processes including Crohn's disease, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, eating disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and of direct relevance to this review, type 2 diabetes. Here, we place particular emphasis on two peptide substrates of DPP IV with insulin-releasing and antidiabetic actions namely, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The rationale for inhibiting DPP IV activity in type 2 diabetes is that it decreases peptide cleavage and thereby enhances endogenous incretin hormone activity. A multitude of novel DPP IV inhibitor compounds have now been developed and tested. Here we examine the information available on DPP IV and related enzymes, review recent preclinical and clinical data for DPP IV inhibitors, and assess their clinical significance.