gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the human KCNH2(HERG) gene: Identification and characterization of a novel mutation Y667X associated with long QT syndrome and a non-pathological 9 bp insertion Communicated by: Mark H. Paalman Online Citation: Human Mutation, Mutation in Brief #325 (2000) Online http://journals.wiley.com/1059-7794/pdf/mutation/325.pdf (2000)

Long QT (LQT) syndrome is a potentially life-threatening disorder, characterized by a distinct cardiac arrhythmia known as torsades de pointes. Mutations within a number of genes linked to the familial form, including that coding for a cardiac potassium channel called KCNH2 (HERG), have been described based on the characterized genomic organization. A standardized method was developed to screen the entire gene for gene variants. We report a single base pair substitution, introducing a premature STOP codon at codon 667 of the gene in a healthy individual with an extended QTc interval (460 msec). In vitro expression of the codon Y667X variant in Xenopus oocyte suggests that the autosomal dominant variant does not function in a dominant/negative manner and cannot co-assemble to form a channel, resulting in a reduction of the KCNH2 current, and an extension of the QT interval. This indicates that pathogenic LQT gene variants exist in the apparently normal population, the prognosis and clinical consequences of which remain to be determined. The assays described should facilitate future studies into this area. Hum Mutat 15:483, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reversal of the antitumor effects of tamoxifen by progesterone in the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. (1987)

Coadministration of progesterone (4 mg/day) opposed the antitumor activity of tamoxifen (100 micrograms/day) in rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumors and also partially prevented the inhibition by tamoxifen (50 micrograms/day started 30 days after 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene administration) of tumor occurrence even after tamoxifen therapy had been established for 1 or 2 mo. Although prolonged progesterone treatment raised progesterone levels, serum total estrogen levels were not raised above control. The reversal by progesterone of the inhibition of tumor occurrence produced by tamoxifen was blocked by the antiprogestin RU 486. These results demonstrate that progesterone can reverse the tumoristatic action of tamoxifen in the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumor model and that this may be via a progesterone receptor-mediated mechanism.
Boron-nitride preceramic polymer studies. Technical report (1988)

Boron nitride fibers and boron nitride coatings on alumina fibers are described. The boron nitride fibers were obtained from fusible preceramic polymer. For the coatings, a non-fusible, organic-solvent-soluble, preceramic polymer was utilized. Transformation of the preceramic polymers to boron nitride ceramic was accomplished in an ammonia atmosphere. The fully cured ceramics are colorless and do not undergo weight or shape changes when heated to 1000 C in nitrogen or air.
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy (2013)

GPB reduced HE events as well as ammonia in patients with cirrhosis and HE and its safety profile was similar to placebo. The findings implicate ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE and suggest that GPB has therapeutic potential in this population. (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00999167).
Crosslinking of collagen scaffolds promotes blood and lymphatic vascular stability (2013)

The low stiffness of reconstituted collagen hydrogels has limited their use as scaffolds for engineering implantable tissues. Although chemical crosslinking has been used to stiffen collagen and protect it against enzymatic degradation in vivo, it remains unclear how crosslinking alters the vascularization of collagen hydrogels. In this study, we examine how the crosslinking agents genipin and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide alter vascular stability and function in microfluidic type I collagen gels in vitro. Under moderate perfusion (∼10 dyn/cm(2) shear stress), tubes of blood endothelial cells (ECs) exhibited indistinguishable stability and barrier function in untreated and crosslinked scaffolds. Surprisingly, under low perfusion (∼5 dyn/cm(2) shear stress) or nearly zero transmural pressure, microvessels in crosslinked scaffolds remained stable, while those in untreated gels rapidly delaminated and became poorly perfused. Similarly, tubes of lymphatic ECs under intermittent flow were more stable in crosslinked gels than in untreated ones. These effects correlated well with the degree of mechanical stiffening, as predicted by analysis of fracture energies at the cell-scaffold interface. This work demonstrates that crosslinking of collagen scaffolds does not hinder normal EC physiology; instead, crosslinked scaffolds promote vascular stability. Thus, routine crosslinking of scaffolds may assist in vascularization of engineered tissues.
Rendering techniques in three-dimensional computer graphics (1993)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
종설 : MRI로 측정한 해마로 경도인지장애에서 알츠하이머병을 예측 (2009)

MCI is an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. Most MCI patients transition to AD, but some remain stable and others improve. Hippocampal volume measures are sensitive to early brain change, therefore hippocampal atrophy correlates strongly with pathological staging and cognitive decline, and predates conversion of MCI to AD in the old. MRI-based volumetric measurements of hippocampus are being used clinically with increasing frequency, because of it accurately depicts the structural-functional relationships between memory loss and hippocampal damage across the spectrum from MCI to AD. Smaller hippocampi and specifically CA1 and subicular involvement are associated with increased risk for conversion from MCI to AD and these quantitative, dynamic visualizations of hippocampal atrophy rates in MCI and AD may provide a promising measure to track AD progression in drug trials.
Infectivity variation and genetic diversity among strains of Western equine encephalitis virus (2006)

Variation in infectivity and genetic diversity in the structural proteins were compared among eight strains of Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) to investigate WEEV virulence at the molecular level. A lethal intranasal infectivity model of WEEV was developed in adult BALB/c mice. All eight strains examined were 100 % lethal to adult mice in this model, but they varied considerably in the time to death. Based on the time to death, the eight strains could be classified into two pathotypes: a high-virulence pathotype, consisting of strains California, Fleming and McMillan, and a low-virulence pathotype, comprising strains CBA87, Mn548, B11, Mn520 and 71V-1658. To analyse genetic diversity in the structural protein genes, 26S RNAs from these eight strains were cloned and sequenced and found to have > 96 % nucleotide and amino acid identity. A cluster diagram divided the eight WEEV strains into two genotypes that matched the pathotype grouping exactly, suggesting that variation in infectivity can be attributed to genetic diversity in the structural proteins among these eight strains. Furthermore, potential amino acid differences in some positions between the two groups were identified, suggesting that these amino acid variations contributed to the observed differences in virulence.
Loss of clusterin both in serum and tissue correlates with the tumorigenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinomaviaproteomics approaches (2003)

The differentially expressed clusterin may play a key role during tumorigenesis of ESCC. The 2DE-MS based proteomic approach is one of the powerful tools for discovery of secreted markers from peripheral.
trans activation by the full-length E2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 16 and bovine papillomavirus type 1 in vitro and in vivo: cooperation with activation domains of cellular transcription factors (1994)

Papillomaviral E2 genes encode proteins that regulate viral transcription. While the full-length bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 peptide is a strong trans activator, the homologous full-length E2 product of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) appeared to vary in function in previous studies. Here we show that when expressed from comparable constructs, the full-length E2 products of HPV-16 and BPV-1 trans activate a simple E2- and Sp1-dependent promoter up to approximately 100-fold in human keratinocytes and other epithelial cells as well as human and animal fibroblasts. Vaccinia virus-expressed, purified full-length HPV-16 and BPV-1 E2 proteins bound a consensus E2 site with high specific affinities (Kd = approximately 10(-9) M) and stimulated in vitro transcription up to six- to eightfold. In vivo and in vitro trans activation by either E2 protein required cooperation with another activator, such as Sp1, or other factors that interact with papillomavirus promoters, such as AP-1, Oct-1, nuclear factor 1/CTF, transcriptional enhancer factor 1, or USF. The glutamine-rich domain B of Sp1 or the mutually unrelated activation domains of other transcription factors were necessary and sufficient for cooperation with either E2 factor. We conclude that like BPV-1 E2, the HPV-16 E2 protein has the potential to function as a strong activator of viral gene expression in cooperation with cellular transcription factors.
A Phylogenomic View of Ecological Specialization in the Lachnospiraceae, a Family of Digestive Tract-Associated Bacteria (2014)

Several bacterial families are known to be highly abundant within the human microbiome, but their ecological roles and evolutionary histories have yet to be investigated in depth. One such family, Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia) is abundant in the digestive tracts of many mammals and relatively rare elsewhere. Members of this family have been linked to obesity and protection from colon cancer in humans, mainly due to the association of many species within the group with the production of butyric acid, a substance that is important for both microbial and host epithelial cell growth. We examined the genomes of 30 Lachnospiraceae isolates to better understand the origin of butyric acid capabilities and other ecological adaptations within this group. Butyric acid production-related genes were detected in fewer than half of the examined genomes with the distribution of this function likely arising in part from lateral gene transfer (LGT). An investigation of environment-specific functional signatures indicated that human gut-associated Lachnospiraceae possess genes for endospore formation, whereas other members of this family lack key sporulation-associated genes, an observation supported by analysis of metagenomes from the human gut, oral cavity, and bovine rumen. Our analysis demonstrates that adaptation to an ecological niche and acquisition of defining functional roles within a microbiome can arise through a combination of both habitat-specific gene loss and LGT.
Control of HL-60 cell differentiation lineage specificity, a late event occurring after precommitment. (1987)

Terminal cell differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells results when they are continuously exposed to retinoic acid. This process involves an intermediate regulatory state, the precommitment memory state, which occurs before onset of differentiation or growth arrest in G0. The cellular processes occurring prior to onset of terminal differentiation can be resolved into early events anteceding development of the precommitment memory state and late events subsequent to it. While it has been suggested that retinoic acid induced early events regulate G1/0 specific growth arrest associated with terminal differentiation, the significance of induced late events is not known. Exploiting the capability of HL-60 cells to undergo either myeloid or monocytic differentiation in response to different inducers, the present studies examine the response of HL-60 cells to the sequential application of myeloid and monocytic inducers prior to onset of terminal differentiation. The results indicate that the precommitment state induced by retinoic acid is not differentiation lineage specific. Sequential application first of retinoic acid, a myeloid inducer, and then of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a monocytic inducer, and vice versa, show that cellular choice of a specific differentiation lineage is regulated by late inducer driven events. The data support a two-step model for induction of terminal differentiation where early events anteceding precommitment regulate growth arrest and late events subsequent to precommitment regulate choice of a specific differentiation lineage. The results are of potential significance to the use of differentiation-inducing agents in chemotherapy. The potential toxicity of prolonged exposure to a single inducer might thus be mitigated by sequential brief exposures to different inducers.
Multiplexed Extraction and Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceuticals from DBS Samples Using Digital Microfluidics (2014)

The new method allows for an order of magnitude reduction in processing time and approximately three-times reduction in extraction solvent relative to conventional techniques, while maintaining acceptable analytical performance for most drugs tested.
Cloning of the trp gene cluster from a tryptophan-hyperproducing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum: identification of a mutation in the trp leader sequence (1993)

Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21850 produces up to 5 g of extracellular L-tryptophan per liter in broth culture and displays resistance to several synthetic analogs of aromatic amino acids. Here we report the cloning of the tryptophan biosynthesis (trp) gene cluster of this strain on a 14.5-kb BamHI fragment. Subcloning and complementation of Escherichia coli trp auxotrophs revealed that as in Brevibacterium lactofermentum, the C. glutamicum trp genes are clustered in an operon in the order trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, trpA. The cloned fragment also confers increased resistance to the analogs 5-methyltryptophan and 6-fluorotryptophan on E. coli. The sequence of the ATCC 21850 trpE gene revealed no significant changes when compared to the trpE sequence of a wild-type strain reported previously. However, analysis of the promoter-regulatory region revealed a nonsense (TGG-to-TGA) mutation in the third of three tandem Trp codons present within a trp leader gene. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the corresponding region confirmed the absence of this mutation in the wild-type strain. RNA secondary-structure predictions and sequence similarities to the E. coli trp attenuator suggest that this mutation results in a constitutive antitermination response.
Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General CharacteristicsEric Bakker, Philippe Bühlmann, and Ernö PretschView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 8, 3083–3132Publication Date (Web):December 18, 1997Publication History Received26 February 1997Revised10 July 1997Published online18 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr940394ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr940394aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11297Altmetric-Citations2041LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Ions,Membranes,Selectivity,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Role of Branched Chain Amino Acids in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy (2008)

Abstract: To know the association of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Prospective, comparative, non randomized open study. This study was conducted in Medical Unit-4, LUMHS, Hyderabad, Pakistan from January 2007to October 2007 in indoor patients. Forty Eight (48) cases of chronic hepatic encephalopathy were included for the study.24 patients were kept on branch chain amino acids and 24 patients were on control group. All investigations were done in all cases for the diagnosis and the classification of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) including ammonia and serum albumin level. Serum Ammonia and serum albumin level on admission day and sixth day and after four months were done. Recovery and reoccurrence of hepatic encephalopathy were compared on patients who were on brand chain amino acids given initially intravenously then kept on oral amino acids with those of control group without aminoleban. Those who were on aminoleban showed early improvement and recovery from hepatic encephapathy and subsequently on follow up visits at four months. Ammonia level which was initially raised decreased subsequently on sixth day and on fouth month. And their albumin level also increased at four month follow up compared to patients who did not received aminoleban. On grounds of above study we recommended branched amino acids for the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Key words: Hepatic Encephalopathy Chronic Liver Disease Aminoleban Branched chain Amino Acids
Plumbagin inhibits growth of gliomas in vivo via suppression of FOXM1 expression (2015)

Plumbagin is a natural compound that is isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. Based on a previous in vitro study performed by our group, which demonstrated the effectiveness of plumbagin against glioma cells, we further ascertained whether plumbagin exhibits the same effectiveness against glioma cell xenografts in nude mice. Our results revealed that tumor volume was reduced by 54.48% in the plumbagin-treated group compared with the controls. Furthermore, there were no obvious signs of toxicity as assessed by the organ sizes and cell morphologies of the mice that were treated with plumbagin. Immunoﬂuorescence assays further revealed that plumbagin significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, we also determined that the expressions of FOXM1 and its downstream target effectors, including cyclin D1 and Cdc25B, were down-regulated in the treated group, while the expressions of p21 and p27 were increased; the latter findings corroborate the results of our previous in vitro study. Taken together, these findings indicate that plumbagin may be a natural downregulator of FOXM1 with potential therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of gliomas.
Treatment of chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in the eastern woodchuck ( marmota monax ) with nucleoside analogues is predictive of therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in humans (2000)

The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and its natural host, the Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax), have been established as a model of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced disease. Several published studies have used this experimental animal model system to demonstrate potential antiviral therapies for chronic HBV infections. However, there has been little comparative information available on compounds used in clinical anti-HBV studies in WHV-infected woodchucks, thereby making interpretations of the potential relative effectiveness of new antiviral agents in humans more difficult. In this report, using a series of placebo-controlled studies, we compared the relative effectiveness of several nucleoside analogues that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic HBV infection against WHV replication in chronically infected woodchucks. Adenine-5'-arabinoside monophosphate (Ara-AMP [vidarabine]), ribavirin, (-)beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC [lamivudine]), and famciclovir (oral prodrug of penciclovir) induced depressions in viremia and intrahepatic WHV-DNA replication that were consistent with their relative effectiveness in anti-HBV human clinical trials. As observed in HBV-infected patients, 3' azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT [zidovudine]) had no effect on WHV replication in these studies. These experimental results more firmly establish chronic WHV infection in woodchucks as an accurate and predictive model for antiviral therapies against chronic HBV infection in humans and provide a baseline for comparative antiviral effects of other experimental antiviral agents in the WHV/woodchuck model system.
Eosinophil Chemotactic Chemokines (Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, RANTES, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-3 (MCP-3), and MCP-4), and C-C Chemokine Receptor 3 Expression in Bronchial Biopsies from Atopic and Nonatopic (Intrinsic) Asthmatics (1999)

Atopic (AA) and nonatopic (NAA) asthma are characterized by chronic inflammation and local tissue eosinophilia. Many C-C chemokines are potent eosinophil chemoattractants and act predominantly via the CCR3. We examined the expression of eotaxin, eotaxin-2, RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3), MCP-4, and CCR3 in the bronchial mucosa from atopic (AA) and nonatopic (intrinsic; NAA) asthmatics and compared our findings with atopic (AC) and nonatopic nonasthmatic controls (NC). Cryostat sections were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and double IHC/ISH. Compared with AC and NC, the numbers of EG2+ cells and the cells expressing mRNA for eotaxin, eotaxin-2, RANTES, MCP-3, MCP-4, and CCR3 were significantly increased in AA and NAA (p < 0.01). Nonsignificant differences in these variants were observed between AA and NAA and between AC and NC. Significant correlations between the cells expressing eotaxin or CCR3 and EG2+ eosinophils in the bronchial tissue were also observed for both AA (p < 0.01) and NAA (p = 0.01). Moreover, in the total asthmatic group (AA + NAA) there was a significant inverse correlation between the expression of eotaxin and that of the histamine PC20 (p < 0.05). Sequential IHC/ISH showed that cytokeratin+ epithelial cells, CD31+ endothelial cells, and CD68+ macrophages were the major sources of eotaxin, eotaxin-2, RANTES, MCP-3, and MCP-4. There was no significantly different distribution of cells expressing mRNA for these chemokines between atopic and nonatopic asthma. These findings suggest that multiple C-C chemokines, acting at least in part via CCR3, contribute to bronchial eosinophilia in both atopic and nonatopic asthma.