gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic etching of silicon in KOH + Triton X-100 for 45° micromirror applications (2016)

The etching process of monocrystalline silicon in potassium hydroxide solution with addition of Triton X-100 surfactant at different temperatures is studied. It is shown that decreasing the temperature lowers etch rates and improves surface morphology of Si (hkl) planes. Based on Arrhenius plots of etch rates, activation energies for Si (100) and (110) planes are determined. The obtained activation energies are lower than the ones for pure KOH solutions, reported in the literature. The possible explanation of this phenomenon, based on the temperature dependence of surfactant adsorption, is presented. Besides, it is established that the convex corners of microstructures etched at different temperatures are slightly curved, probably formed by planes vicinal to {221} plane. Furthermore, the {110} sidewalls inclined at 45° to Si (100) substrate are characterized by low surface roughness in a whole range of considered temperatures (60–90 °C). Thus, the {110} sidewalls could be used as MEMS micromirrors for reflecting light beam at an angle of 90°. It is indicated that the KOH solution containing Triton X-100 is of particular interest for fabrication of elongated mesa structures containing 45° micromirrors and waveguides concurrently.
Design of effective systems for controlled radical polymerization of styrene: Application of 4,4′-dimethyl and 5,5′-dimethyl 2,2′-bipyridine copper(II) complexes (1999)

[Cu(II)(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)3](PF6)2 (2) and [Cu(II) (5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)3](PF6)2 (4) were used together with aluminium isopropoxide and (1-bromoethyl)benzene in the controlled radical polymerization of styrene resulting in polystyrenes with predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The received polymers are colorless with a content of copper lower than 210 ppm. The substitution pattern at the bipyridine ligands has a distinct influence on the polymerization. The rate of polymerization of styrene using 2/[(CH3)2CHO]3Al/C6H5CH(CH3)Br is two times larger than utilizing 4/[(CH3)2CHO]3Al/C6H5CH(CH3)Br.
Dominant-Negative Subunits Reveal Potassium Channel Families That Contribute to M-Like Potassium Currents (2002)

M-currents are K+ currents generated by members of the KCNQ family of K+ channels (Wang et al., 1998). However, in some cells, M-like currents may be contaminated by members of other K+ channel gene families, such as the erg family (Meves et al., 1999; Selyanko et al., 1999). In the present experiments, we have used the acute expression of pore-defective mutants of KCNQ3 (DN-KCNQ3) and Merg1a (DN-Merg1a) as dominant negatives to separate the contributions of these two families to M-like currents in NG108-15 neuroblastoma hybrid cells and rat sympathetic neurons. Two kinetically and pharmacologically separable components of M-like current could be recorded from NG108-15 cells that were individually suppressed by DN-Merg1a and DN-KCNQ3, respectively. In contrast, only DN-KCNQ3, and not DN-Merg1a, reduced currents recorded from sympathetic neurons. Pharmacological tests suggested that the residual current in DN-KCNQ3-treated sympathetic neurons was carried by residual KCNQ channels. Ineffectiveness of DN-Merg1a in sympathetic neurons was not caused by lack of expression, as judged by confocal microscopy of Flag-tagged DN-Merg1a. These results accord with previous inferences regarding the roles of erg and KCNQ channels in generating M-like currents. This experimental approach should therefore be useful in delineating the contributions of members of these two gene families to K+ currents in other cells.
Hepoxilin A3-specific binding in human neutrophils (1996)

Hepoxilins have been shown to release calcium from intracellular stores in human neutrophils [Dho, Grinstein, Corey, Su and Pace-Asciak (1990) Biochem. J. 266, 63-68; Laneuville, Reynaud, Grinstein, Nigam and Pace-Asciak (1993) Biochem. J. 295, 393-397]. In this paper we report that tritium-labelled hepoxilin A3 (8S) binds to broken neutrophil membranes in a time-, substrate- and temperature-dependent fashion. Specific binding was displaced with unlabelled hepoxilin A3. Specific binding was greatest at 37 degrees C. Competitive binding was best observed with unlabelled hepoxilin A3 (8S); the glutathione conjugate, HxA3-C (8S or 8R), or 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was less active. Similarly inactive in displacing the bound radiolabelled hepoxilin A3 was leukotriene B4 as well as a variety of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2. Formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine was similarly inactive in competing for the hepoxilin binding sites. Specific binding was inhibited by pretreatment of the broken membranes during 30 min at 37 degrees C with proteinase K, while specific binding of the intact cells was unaffected. Scatchard analysis of binding data revealed a single population of binding sites with apparent KD and Bmax. of 79.3 +/- 9.1 nM and 8.86 +/- 1.4 pmol/ml per 2 x 10(6) cells (+/- S.E.M.) respectively reflecting approx. 2.67 x 10(6) sites/cell. These results demonstrate for the first time that neutrophils contain specific binding sites to hepoxilin A3.
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Margin Evaluation (2015)

A variety of studies have showcased the value of ambient ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and accurate cancer diagnosis. Small molecules have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, including metabolites, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. Statistical analysis allows tissue discrimination with high accuracy rates (>95%) being common. This young field has challenges to overcome before it is ready to be broadly accepted as a medical tool for cancer diagnosis. Growing research in new, integrated ambient ionization mass spectrometry technologies and the ongoing improvements in the existing tools make this field very promising for future translation into the clinic.
Epratuzumab: targeting B-cell malignancies through CD22. (2003)

The development of effective B cell-directed monoclonal antibody therapies has dramatically altered the management of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Anti-CD20 murine and chimeric antibodies have been characterized by manageable toxicity profiles and appear to have mechanisms which may be distinct from and complementary to those of chemotherapy. There is considerable rationale for treatment strategies which target other B-cell antigens, including CD22. This molecule is commonly expressed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and may mediate important functions in B-cell biology. Laboratory and initial clinical studies suggest that epratuzumab, a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, may have antilymphoma activity in both unlabeled and radiolabeled forms. Efforts are underway to establish the utility of epratuzumab as a treatment for B-cell malignancies, through single agent and combination regimens, to define the optimal settings for its clinical application.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Leukocyte Integrin Gene CD11d (2000)

CD11d encodes the latest alpha-subunit of the leukocyte integrin family to be discovered, and it is expressed predominantly in myelomonocytic cells. We have isolated a genomic clone that contains CD11d and showed this gene to be 11,461 bp downstream and oriented in the same direction as the related CD11c gene. CD11d transcription begins 69-79 nucleotides upstream of the ATG codon. Transfection analysis of CD11d-luc reporter constructs revealed that the -173 to +74 region is sufficient to confer leukocyte-specific expression of luciferase in myelomonocytic cells (THP1 and HL60), B-cells (IM9), and T-cells (Jurkat). Transfection analysis showed that down-regulation of CD11d expression by phorbol ester was myelomonocyte-specific and is mediated by one or more cis-elements within the -173 to +74 region. In vitro DNase I footprint analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis showed that Sp1 and Sp3 bind at -63 to -40. Deletion of the Sp-binding site significantly reduced CD11d promoter activity. Overexpression of either Sp1 or Sp3 in THP1 cells led to activation of the CD11d promoter even in the presence of phorbol ester, whereas down-regulation of either factor by antisense oligonucleotides decreased CD11d promoter activity. In contrast, overexpression of Sp3 in IM9 and Jurkat cells down-regulated CD11d promoter expression. In vivo genomic footprinting revealed that the -63 to -40 region is bound by a Sp protein in unstimulated HL60 cells but not in phorbol ester-stimulated HL60 cells. In contrast, this site is bound in both unstimulated and phorbol ester-stimulated IM9 and Jurkat cells. Together, these results show that myelomonocyte-specific phorbol ester down-regulation of CD11d is mediated through both Sp1 and Sp3.
Quantitative measurement of oxygen consumption in insect cell culture infected with polyhedrosis virus (1982)

A simple and reproducible quantitative method for measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) in uninfected and baculovirus infected cells in culture is described. To establish this method, an industrial DO measuring system for fermentation was employed. During this process the physical characteristics of the cell culture vessel were taken into account permitting a direct readout of DO in microliters per vessel. During these studies, it was experimentally documented that insect cells, particularly baculovirus infected cells, in culture from 1 to 14 days utilize an appreciable level of DO.
Total Inhibin Is a Potential Serum Marker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2007)

The present data show that total inhibin is a sensitive and specific marker of epithelial ovarian cancers in postmenopausal women. Total inhibin may therefore be combined with CA-125 for noninvasive diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer and may also be a useful serum marker to monitor disease-free intervals.
Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy For High Spectral Resolution Space-Based Remote Sensing (2004)

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) offers a number of advantages compared to conventional Fourier transform spectroscopy. An extremely robust, monolithic SHS interferometer will fly aboard a small satellite scheduled for launch in 2006.
Palladium-mediated vicinal cleavage of allyl epoxides with retention of stereochemistry: a cis hydroxylation equivalent (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-mediated vicinal cleavage of allyl epoxides with retention of stereochemistry: a cis hydroxylation equivalentBarry M. Trost and Steven R. AngleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 21, 6123–6124Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00307a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1192Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of two-dimensional colloidal arrays (1993)

Abstract We report the effective fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) arrays of submicron colloidal particles. These colloidal arrays are produced in thin layers of monodisperse colloid suspensions on flat surfaces of solids such as clean glass or cleaved mica. The process of colloid assembling includes two steps, nucleation and growth, similar to those found in crystallization in solution but each of the steps in detail progresses with different mechanisms. The nucleation process is initiated by a special kind of capillary force acting parallel to the surface. The growth is guided by a laminar flow of water to the crystals, which is driven by water evaporation from 2D arrays. What is distinguishable in the 2D assembling is its active nature governed by the forces and flows, making a contrast to the diffusive mechanism in ordinary crystallization. With this two-step mechanism, a domain of hexagonally packed colloidal array can grow with time. A large and uniform film of particle monolayer is, thus, formed in a short period, from several seconds up to several minutes depending on the conditions controlled.
A three-fluorophore FRET assay for high-throughput screening of small-molecule inhibitors of ribosome assembly (2004)

In one of the first steps of prokaryotic ribosome assembly, the ribosomal protein S15 binds to a three-way junction in the central domain of the 16S rRNA. Binding causes a conformational change that is required for subsequent binding events. Using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay with three fluorophores, two on the RNA and one on the S15 protein, small-molecule libraries can be screened for potential inhibitors of this initial step in ribosome assembly. The employment of three fluorophores allows both the conformational change of the RNA and the binding of S15 to be monitored in a single assay.
Apical Loop−Internal Loop Interactions:  A New RNA−RNA Recognition Motif Identified through in Vitro Selection against RNA Hairpins of the Hepatitis C Virus mRNA (2002)

We performed in vitro selection of oligoribonucleotides in order to identify high-affinity motifs recognizing RNA hairpins located at the 3' end (SL1) and at the 5' end (domain IV of the internal ribosome entry site) of the hepatitis C virus mRNA. We selected aptamers constituted by an internal loop complementary to the SL1 apical loop, flanked by G-C-rich double-stranded regions, able to form complexes with a K(d) of 70 nM, at 37 degrees C under ionic conditions close to intracellular ones. The complex involves selective apical loop (SL1)-internal loop (aptamer) interactions. Similar structurally organized aptamers were independently identified against domain IV and were shown to also give rise to such complexes. Apical loop-internal loop interaction could constitute a new recognition motif allowing specific intra- or intermolecular RNA-RNA association.
Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple myeloma (2011)

Despite recent advances in treatment that have significantly improved overall survival, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Although rituximab, the first monoclonal antibody (MAb) evaluated in MM treatment, provided only very limited benefit, research is ongoing into a number of other MAbs directed against a variety of MM-related target antigens. Given the inherent immune dysfunction associated with MM, newer strategies that may enhance immune function in conjunction with antibodies may also provide a more fruitful clinical approach. Potential MAb targets in MM include growth factors and their receptors, other signalling molecules, and antigens expressed exclusively or predominantly on MM cells. MAb therapy involves a range of mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, interference with receptor-ligand interactions, and MAb conjugation to radioisotopes or toxins. The antigens currently targeted in MM therapy are discussed, along with the development status of the corresponding MAb therapeutics. Elotuzumab, an anti-CS1 MAb, has recently achieved clinically meaningful responses when combined with lenalidomide or bortezomib in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory MM. Other MAbs are also showing early promise. More ongoing clinical research is required to identify optimal combination regimens and biomarkers that may help predict response to specific MAb-based combinations.
Network of tangential pathways for neuronal migration in adult mammalian brain (1996)

Cells in the brains of adult mammals continue to proliferate in the subventricular zone (SVZ) throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. Here we show, using whole mount dissections of this wall from adult mice, that the SVZ is organized as an extensive network of chains of neuronal precursors. These chains are immunopositive to the polysialylated form of NCAM, a molecule present at sites of plasticity, and TuJ1, an early neuronal marker. The majority of the chains are oriented along the rostrocaudal axis and many join the rostral migratory stream that terminates in the olfactory bulb. Using focal microinjections of DII and transplantation of SVZ cells carrying a neuron-specific reporter gene, we demonstrate that cells originating at different rostrocaudal levels of the SVZ migrate rostrally and reach the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons. Our results reveal an extensive network of pathways for the tangential chain migration of neuronal precursors throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle in the adult mammalian brain.
A conserved CATTCCT motif is required for skeletal muscle-specific activity of the cardiac troponin T gene promoter. (1988)

Transcription of the cardiac troponin T (cTNT) gene is restricted to cardiac and embryonic skeletal muscle tissue. A DNA segment containing 129 nucleotides upstream from the cTNT transcription initiation site (cTNT-129) directs expression of a heterologous marker gene in transfected embryonic skeletal muscle cells but is inactive in embryonic cardiac or fibroblast cells. By using chimeric promoter constructions, in which distal and proximal segments of cTNT-129 are fused to reciprocal segments of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV tk) gene promoter, the DNA segment responsible for this cell specificity can be localized to the cTNT distal promoter region, located between 50 and 129 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. The ability of the cTNT distal promoter region to confer skeletal muscle-specific activity upon a heterologous promoter is abolished when it is displaced 60 nucleotides upstream, indicating that its ability to direct skeletal muscle-specific transcription probably requires proximity to other components of the transcription initiation region. Two copies of the heptamer, CATTCCT ("muscle-CAT" or "M-CAT" motif), reside within the 80-nucleotide cTNT distal promoter region. A 3-nucleotide mutation in one of these copies inactivates the cTNT promoter in skeletal muscle cells. Therefore, the M-CAT motif is a distal promoter element required for expression of the cTNT promoter in embryonic skeletal muscle cells. Since the M-CAT motif is found in other contractile protein gene promoters, it may represent one example of a muscle-specific promoter element.
Fat feeding in humans induces lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 that are enriched in apolipoprotein [a] and that cause lipid accumulation in macrophages. (1986)

Formula diets containing lard or lard and egg yolks were fed to six normolipidemic volunteers to investigate subsequent changes in the composition of lipoproteins of d less than 1.006 g/ml and in their ability to bind and be taken up by receptors on mouse macrophages. Both formulas induced the formation of d less than 1.006 lipoproteins that were approximately 3.5-fold more active than fasting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in binding to the receptor for beta-VLDL on macrophages. Subfractionation of postprandial d less than 1.006 lipoproteins by agarose chromatography yielded two subfractions, fraction I (chylomicron remnants) and fraction II (hepatic VLDL remnants), which bound to receptors on macrophages. However, fraction I lipoproteins induced a 4.6-fold greater increase in macrophage triglyceride content than fraction II lipoproteins or fasting VLDL. Fraction I lipoproteins were enriched in apolipoproteins (apo) B48, E, and [a]. Fraction II lipoproteins lacked apo[a] but possessed apo B100 and apo E. The apo[a] was absent in normal fasting VLDL, but was present in the d less than 1.006 lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) of fasting individuals with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. The apo[a] from postprandial d less than 1.006 lipoproteins was larger than either of two apo[a] subspecies obtained from lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] isolated at d = 1.05-1.09. However, all three apo[a] subspecies were immunochemically identical and had similar amino acid compositions: all were enriched in proline and contained relatively little lysine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, or leucine. The association of apo[a] with dietary fat-induced fraction I lipoproteins suggests that the previously observed correlation between plasma Lp(a) concentrations and premature atherosclerosis may be mediated, in part, by the effect of apo[a] on chylomicron remnant metabolism.
Targeted Disruption of the CP2 Gene, a Member of the NTF Family of Transcription Factors (2001)

The NTF-like family of transcription factors have been implicated in developmental regulation in organisms as diverse as Drosophila and man. The two mammalian members of this family, CP2 (LBP-1c/LSF) and LBP-1a (NF2d9), are highly related proteins sharing an overall amino acid identity of 72%. CP2, the best characterized of these factors, is a ubiquitously expressed 66-kDa protein that binds the regulatory regions of many diverse genes. Consequently, a role for CP2 has been proposed in globin gene expression, T-cell responses to mitogenic stimulation, and several other cellular processes. To elucidate the in vivo role of CP2, we have generated mice nullizygous for the CP2 allele. These animals were born in a normal Mendelian distribution and displayed no defects in growth, behavior, fertility, or development. Specifically, no perturbation of hematopoietic differentiation, globin gene expression, or immunological responses to T- and B-cell mitogenic stimulation was observed. RNA and protein analysis confirmed that the nullizygous mice expressed no full-length or truncated version of CP2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts from multiple tissues demonstrated loss of CP2 DNA binding activity in the -/- lines. However, a slower migrating complex that was ablated with antiserum to NF2d9, the murine homologue of LBP-1a, was observed with these extracts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that recombinant LBP-1a can bind to known CP2 consensus sites and form protein complexes with previously defined heteromeric partners of CP2. These results suggest that LBP-1a/NF2d9 may compensate for loss of CP2 expression in vivo and that further analysis of the role of the NTF family of proteins requires the targeting of the NF2d9 gene.