gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Iron Metabolism by Hepcidin (2006)

Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibiting cellular iron efflux through binding to and inducing the degradation of ferroportin, the sole known cellular iron exporter. Synthesis of hepcidin is homeostatically increased by iron loading and decreased by anemia and hypoxia. Hepcidin is also elevated during infections and inflammation, causing a decrease in serum iron levels and contributing to the development of anemia of inflammation, probably as a host defense mechanism to limit the availability of iron to invading microorganisms. At the opposite side of the spectrum, hepcidin deficiency appears to be the ultimate cause of most forms of hemochromatosis, either due to mutations in the hepcidin gene itself or due to mutations in the regulators of hepcidin synthesis. The emergence of hepcidin as the pathogenic factor in most systemic iron disorders should provide important opportunities for improving their diagnosis and treatment.
Ameriyana: The Western Vehicle of the Buddha Dharma (2010)

The Committee for the National Board of Nursing Specialties was recently established to explore ways of enhancing the professionalization of nursing through a unified approach to strengthening the process for certifying specialty nurses. In this interview, Jeanette Hartshorn, PhD, RN, FAAN, project director of the committee, explains the need for the proposed National Board of Nursing Specialties and the effects the board would have on nursing, certifying organizations, health care providers, and consumers.
Scatter/Gather as a Tool for the Navigation of Retrieval Results (1995)

An important information access problem arises when the user is confronted with a very large number of documents that have been retrieved in response to a query. In this paper we explore the use of a technique, called Scatter/Gather, for the navigation of large collections of retrieved documents. Scatter/Gather clusters the documents into semantically coherent groups on-the-fly and presents descriptive summaries of the groups to the user. These groups can be used in several ways: to identify useful subsets of documents to be perused with other tools, to eliminate subsets whose contents appear nonrelevant, or to select promising document subsets for reclustering into more refined groups. This paper describes the Scatter /Gather algorithm and illustrates its application to retrieval results via two examples. Introduction If a user of an information access system issues a query that retrieves a very large number of documents, that user cannot be expected to have the time and patience to ...
Two New Rearranged Taxoids from Taxus wallichiana ZUCC. (2002)

Two new rearranged taxane diterpenoids, 5alpha,7beta,10beta,13alpha-tetrahydroxy-2alpha,9alpha,15-triacetoxy-11(15-->1)-abeo-taxa-4(20), 11-diene (1) and 5alpha,9alpha,10beta,13alpha-tetraacetoxy-15-hydroxy-11(15-->1)-abeo-taxa-4(20), 11-diene (2) have been isolated from the barks of Taxus wallichiana. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed by modern spectroscopic techniques.
The prolactin inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells is in part tyrosine kinase and protein kinase-C dependent (1996)

The inhibitory actions of prolactin on gonadal steroidogenesis have been reported in different species and under a variety of experimental approaches. In this study, the mechanisms of the in-vitro effects of human prolactin (hPRL) on human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH)-induced aromatase activity were determined using cultured granulosa cells from diethylstilboestrol (DES)-primed immature rats. Human PRL caused a dose-dependent decrease in hFSH-induced 17 beta-oestradiol production, even when cells were cultured in the presence of a cAMP analogue (8-Br-cAMP). These effects of hPRL appeared to be specific, since addition of an anti-rat PRL receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) mimicked the hPRL inhibitory effect upon steroidogenesis in rat granulosa cells. In order to assess the importance of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase-C activation in the hPRL inhibitory effects upon oestrogen biosynthesis, cells were cultured in the presence of kinase inhibitors. The results showed that addition of genistein or staurosporine (a tyrosine kinase and protein kinase-C antagonist respectively) to cultured granulosa cells resulted in potent inhibition of hPRL actions upon hFSH-induced aromatization in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that tyrosine kinase and protein kinase-C activation are involved in the biochemical events leading to hPRL inhibitory effects at the gonadal level.
A facile synthesis of 2‐acetylnaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐dione (1995)

Abstract Reaction of the parent naphtho[2,3‐ b ]furan‐4,9‐dione 2 with various electrophilic reagents was difficult, and only nitration of 2 gave small amounts of 2‐nitronaphtho[2,3‐ b ]furan‐4,9‐dione 4 . Then 2‐acetylnaphtho[2,3‐ b ]furan‐4,9‐dione 1 was not obtained by the acetylation of 2 . On the other hand, compound 1 that is isolated from Tabebuia Cassinoides and has cytotoxic activity, was obtained from 3‐lithiofuran in five steps.
Expression of nerve growth factor and its high-affinity receptor Trk-A in the rat pancreas during embryonic and fetal life (1998)

The expression of functional receptors for nerve growth factor in insulin-producing cell lines grown in vitro has recently been demonstrated. The possible importance of signals transduced via these receptors in the control of islet maturation has been proposed based on data obtained using an in vitro culture system. To further support this hypothesis, we have studied the expression of Trk-A, the high-affinity receptor for NGF, in vivo during the embryonic and fetal development of the rat pancreas. We have also examined the expression of NGF during the same period. Immunohistological analysis shows that at embryonic day 11 (E11), Trk-A is expressed by the epithelial cells of the presumptive pancreas. The few pancreatic endocrine cells present at that stage express Trk-A. At E12 and E16, Trk-A expression was detected in the developing ductal network. The endocrine cells located in the ducts express Trk-A while those that have migrated into the surrounding mesenchyme now stain negative for Trk-A. By E20, Trk-A expression by ductal cells has considerably decreased and can be detected only in small ducts closely associated with islet-like structures. These islet-like structures stain negative for Trk-A. After birth, insulin-positive cells arranged into islets re-express Trk-A. During the same period, NGF mRNA is found to be expressed in the developing pancreas. The expression of Trk-A and its ligand NGF in the pancreas during embryonic and fetal life suggests that NGF and its receptor could play an important role in the development of the pancreas.
The optic nerve: a new window into cerebrospinal fluid composition? (2006)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and composition are generally thought to be homogeneous within small limits throughout all CSF compartments. CSF sampled during lumbar puncture therefore should be representative for all CSF compartments. On the basis of clinical findings, histology and biochemical markers, we present for the first time strong evidence that the subarachnoid spaces (SAS) of the optic nerve (ON) can become separated from other CSF compartments in certain ON disorders, thus leading to an ON sheath compartment syndrome. This may result in an abnormal concentration gradient of CSF molecular markers determined in locally sampled CSF compared with CSF taken during lumbar puncture.
Pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts including molecular subgroup 3 and CD133+ and CD15+ cells are sensitive to killing by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (2015)

Pediatric medulloblastoma, including Group 3 tumors, may be an excellent target for oHSV virotherapy, and a clinical trial in medulloblastoma is warranted.
Differential effects of viable and killed bacteria on IL-12 expression of macrophages (1996)

Listeria monocytogenes-specific, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells are induced in 5-day in vitro cultures of naive spleen cells with viable L. monocytogenes (VLM) but are not induced in cultures with heat killed L. monocytogenes (HKLM). Anti-IL-12 Abs abrogated the induction of the IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells by VLM, suggesting an importance of IL-12 in the induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells. Accordingly, IL-12p40 was expressed by macrophages (M phi) from the cultures of whole spleen cells with VLM but not with HKLM, although HKLM induced IL-12p40 expression on M phi when nonadherent cells were removed before culture. In vivo analysis also showed that VLM induced IL-12p40 expression by M phi, whereas HKLM failed to induce it. On the other hand, the addition of anti-IL-10 mAb into cultures of whole spleen cells and HKLM resulted in an increase of IL-12p40 expression by M phi. Furthermore, we detected an expression of IFN-gamma by both adherent and nonadherent spleen cells at the early stage of stimulation with VLM before the appearance of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that HKLM induce nonadherent spleen cells to produce IL-10 which may down-regulate IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells by blocking IL-12 production by M phi. In contrast, VLM support IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T cells by stimulating M phi to produce IL-12 and IFN-gamma.
Formation of monolayers by the coadsorption of thiols on gold: variation in the length of the alkyl chain (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of monolayers by the coadsorption of thiols on gold: variation in the length of the alkyl chainColin D. Bain and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 7164–7175Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2717Altmetric-Citations594LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of hepatic aneuploidy in vivo by tamoxifen, toremifene and idoxifene in female Sprague-Dawley rats (1996)

Since tamoxifen is efficacious for the prevention of second primary breast neoplasms in humans and has a low reported incidence of acute side effects, several structurally related compounds have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer including toremifene and idoxifene. We have compared the karyotypic alterations that occur after a single per os administration of 35 mg/kg of tamoxifen, toremifene or idoxifene to female Sprague-Dawley rats. One day following treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the hepatocytes isolated and cultured. After 47 h in culture, colcemid was added for 3 h prior to harvest of the hepatocytes for karyotypic evaluation. At least 100 metaphase spreads were examined for each of five rats per treatment. Toremifene resulted in aneuploidy in 50 +/- 7% of the cells examined and idoxifene induced a 57 +/- 4% aneuploidy compared with the 85 +/- 7% level induced by tamoxifen. Since the level of aneuploidy in solvent-treated rats was 3 +/- 3 %, the induction of aneuploidy in at least 50% of the cells from rats treated with tamoxifen, toremifene or idoxifene was highly significant. Analysis of electron micrographs of cultures treated with these antiestrogens demonstrated a range of phenotypes including multipolar spindles in toremifene-treated rats and condensed chromosomes in the presence of an intact nuclear envelope in occasional idoxifene-treated rat hepatocytes. The exclusion of chromosomes from the spindle apparatus and the lagging of some chromosomes on the metaphase plate correlate with the high rate of induction of aneuploidy in the rat liver as determined by karyotypic analysis of hepatocytes from rats treated with these triphenylethylenes.
Characterization of the interaction between the baculovirus replication factors LEF-1 and LEF-2 (1997)

The Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus has six genes required and three genes stimulatory for transient DNA replication. We demonstrate that the products of two of these genes, LEF-1 and LEF-2, interact in both two-hybrid assays using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glutathione S-transferase fusion affinity assays. Using yeast-two-hybrid assays, we mapped the interaction domain of LEF-2 to amino acids between positions 20 and 60. Extensive deletion analyses of LEF-1 failed to reveal a delimited interaction domain, suggesting that there may be essential secondary structural elements that are inactivated by these deletions. All clones expressing LEF-1 and LEF-2 that were unable to interact also failed to support significant levels of transient DNA replication, suggesting that this interaction is required for DNA replication. Sequence analysis of LEF-1 revealed a primase-like motif, WVVDAD. When this motif was mutated to WVVQAD, LEF-1 no longer supported transient DNA replication.
Evidence for Expression of the Joa Blood Group Antigen on the Gya/Hy‐Active Glycoprotein (1994)

The phenotypic association between the non-assigned high-incidence antigen Joa and the Gya collection antigens Gya and Hy was investigated by haemagglutination studies, flow cytometric analysis, immune precipitation and immunoblotting experiments. In haemagglutination tests anti-Joa gave the same pattern of reactivity with erythrocytes pre-treated with pronase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and thiol reducing agents as did anti-Gya and anti-Hy. In addition, similar to that found for anti-Gya and anti-Hy, anti Joa also showed reduced binding, as determined by haemagglutination and flow cytometric analysis, to erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Immune precipitates prepared from radio-iodinated antigen-positive red cells with anti-Joa, anti-Gya and anti-Hy gave similar results--a major component of M(r) 49,000-60,000 (the Gya/Hy-active glycoprotein) and a second component of M(r) 85,000-92,000 (this may be a dimer of the Gya/Hy-active glycoprotein, or a coprecipitated protein). These immune precipitates, when probed with both anti-Gya and anti-Hy under non-reducing conditions, gave a positive immunoblotting reaction to both the M(r) 49,000-60,000 and the M(r) 85,000-92,000 components. These results strongly suggest that the Joa antigen is expressed on the same glycoprotein that carries the Gya and Hy antigens.
Serological and immunochemical analysis of Lewis Y (Ley) blood group antigen expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (1996)

The expression of Ley blood group antigen in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines has been studied using a Ley-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 35193). In ovarian cancer specimens, Ley was expressed in 75% of the 140 tumor specimens examined, with strong or moderate expression being observed in 56% of the samples. Seven of the 11 ovarian cancer cell lines studied were Ley-positive. Using immunochemical approaches, Ley epitopes were found to be expressed on 4 types of carrier molecules: CA125 ovarian cancer antigen, MUC-I mucins, lower m.w. glycoprotiens and glycolipids. In cell lines, Ley was more commonly expressed on MUC-I mucin than on CA125, whereas in tumor specimens Ley was commonly found on both CA125 and MUC-I. The biochemical nature of the smaller Ley glycoproteins was not determined, but it was shown that they were not CEA and LAMP-I, known Ley carriers in some other tumor types. Glycolipids carrying Ley epitopes were detected in both ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor specimens. The presence of Ley epitopes on a number of different molecular carriers, including 2 major ovarian cancer antigens (CA125 and MUC-I), explains the high incidence of Ley in ovarian cancer. The high expression of Ley in ovarian cancer and the availability of specific murine and humanized MAbs make Ley an attractive candidate target for clinical studies. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship between T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors. I. Specificity of functional T cell receptors on mouse T cell hybridomas that produce antigen-binding T cell factors. (1989)

Upon antigenic stimulation with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages, the mouse T cell hybridoma 231F1 produced glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) having affinity for OVA and IgE-suppressive factors, whereas another T cell hybridoma, 12H5, cells produced OVA-binding glycosylation enhancing factor (GEF) and IgE-potentiating factor. The OVA-binding GIF from the 231F1 cells is an Ag-specific Ts cell factor, whereas OVA-binding GEF from the 12H5 cells is an Ag-specific augmenting factor. Both hybridomas express CD3 complex and functional TCR-alpha beta. Cross-linking of TCR-alpha beta or CD3 molecules on the hybridomas by anti-TCR-alpha beta mAb or anti-CD3 mAb and protein A resulted in the formation of the same factors as those obtained by the stimulation of the cells with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages. It was also found that both the 231F1 cells and 12H5 cells formed IgE-binding factors upon incubation with H-2d and H-2b APC, respectively, with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 307-317 in the OVA molecules (P307-317). Six other synthetic peptides, including those containing the major immunogenic epitope, i.e., P323-339, failed to stimulate the hybridomas in the presence of APC. Indeed, all of the 10 T cell hybridoma clones, which could produce either OVA-binding GIF or OVA-binding GEF, responded to P307-317 and APC for the formation of IgE-binding factors. In contrast, GIF/GEF derived from six other hybridoma clones, whose TCR recognized P323-339 in the context of a MHC product, failed to bind to OVA-coupled Sepharose. The results indicate the correlation between the fine specificity of TCR and the affinity of GIF/GEF to the nominal Ag. The amino acid sequence of P307-317 suggested that TCR on the cell sources of Ag-binding factors are specific for an external structure of the Ag molecules.
ACF consists of two subunits, Acf1 and ISWI, that function cooperatively in the ATP-dependent catalysis of chromatin assembly (1999)

The assembly of core histones and DNA into periodic nucleosome arrays is mediated by ACF, an ISWI-containing factor, and NAP-1, a core histone chaperone, in an ATP-dependent process. We describe the isolation of Drosophila acf1 cDNA, which encodes the p170 and p185 forms of the Acf1 protein in ACF. Acf1 is a novel protein that contains two PHD fingers, one bromodomain, and two new conserved regions. Human WSTF, which is encoded by one of multiple genes that is deleted in Williams syndrome individuals, is the only currently known mammalian protein with each of the conserved motifs in Acf1. Purification of the native form of Acf1 led to the isolation of ACF comprising Acf1 (both p170 and p185 forms) and ISWI. Native Acf1 did not copurify with components of NURF or CHRAC, which are other ISWI-containing complexes in Drosophila. Purified recombinant ACF, consisting of Acf1 (either p185 alone or both p170 and p185) and ISWI, catalyzes the deposition of histones into extended periodic nucleosome arrays. Notably, the Acf1 and ISWI subunits function synergistically in the assembly of chromatin. ISWI alone exhibits a weak activity that is approximately 3% that of ACF. These results indicate that both Acf1 and ISWI participate in the chromatin assembly process and suggest further that the Acf1 subunit confers additional functionality to the general 'motor' activity of ISWI.
Preliminary definition of improvement in juvenile arthritis (1997)

We propose a definition of improvement for JA. Use of a uniform definition will help standardize the conduct and reporting of clinical trials, and should help practitioners decide if a child with JA has responded adequately to therapy. We are in the process of prospectively validating this definition and several others that scored highly.
Characterization of an N-system Amino Acid Transporter Expressed in Retina and Its Involvement in Glutamine Transport (2001)

We report here on the characterization of a mouse N-system amino acid transporter protein, which is involved in the transport of glutamine. This protein of 485 amino acids shares 52% sequence homology with an N-system amino acid transporter, mouse N-system amino acid transporter (mNAT) and its orthologs. Because this protein shares a high degree of sequence homology and functional similarity to mNAT, we named it mNAT2. mNAT2 is predominately expressed in the retina and to a slightly lesser extent in the brain. In the retina, it is located in the axons of ganglion cells in the nerve fiber layer and in the bundles of the optic nerve. Functional analysis of mNAT2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the strongest transport activities were specific for l-glutamine. In addition, mNAT2 is a Na(+)- and pH-dependent, high affinity transporter and partially tolerates substitution of Na(+) by Li(+). Additionally, mNAT2 functions as a carrier-mediated transporter that facilitates efflux. The unique expression pattern and selective glutamine transport properties of mNAT2 suggest that it plays a specific role in the uptake of glutamine involved in the generation of the neurotransmitter glutamate in retina.
INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL PHENOTYPE ON METABOLIC DIFFERENTIATION OF AGOUTI LOCUS MUTANTS IN THE MOUSE (1978)

The results of extensive breeding experiments indicate that the phenotypic differentiation of embryos carrying the viable yellow, A( vy), or mottled, a(m), mutations is influenced to a major extent by the agouti locus genotype and the strain genome of the dam. The A(vy)/a and a(m)/a genotypes are each expressed in a spectrum of coat color phenotypes. These can be grouped into two classes, mottled and pseudoagouti.-In a reciprocal cross of C57BL/6JNIcrWf and AM/Wf-a(m)/a(m) mice, 29.5% of the offspring of C57BL/6 dams were of the pseudoagouti phenotype, whereas no pseudoagouti offspring were produced by AM strain dams.-Mottled yellow A(vy)/a mice become obese and tumor formation is enhanced in these mice in comparison with the lean pseudoagouti A(vy)/a siblings.-In two different reciprocal crosses using four different inbred strains, the proportion of pseudoagouti A(vy)/a offspring differed according to the strain of the dam. Regardless of strain, mottled yellow A( vy)/a dams produced significantly fewer pseudoagouti A( vy)/a offspring than did black a/a dams.-The data suggest that metabolic differentiation of A(vy)/a zygotes into phenotypic classes with different susceptibilities to obesity and tumor formation is influenced to a considerable degree by the metabolic characteristics of the oviductal and uterine environment of the dam.