gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS RF predistorter using diode‐connected MOSFET (2007)

Abstract In this paper, a RF predistorter designed using a CMOS process is reported. In GaAs circuits, a Schottky diode has been used as a nonlinear element in the hybrid type predistorter linearizer. We propose a diode‐connected MOS transistor as an alternative nonlinear element in CMOS process. For the analysis, the idea of a dynamic impedance line is introduced and the large signal equivalent parameters of the nonlinearity generation circuit are extracted from the simulation. A 2.4 GHz CMOS power amplifier is designed using a 0.18‐μm CMOS 1P6M mixed‐mode process and the proposed predistorter is fully integrated with the CMOS power amplifier in a single chip. The measured results match with the simulation results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2055–2057, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22646
Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. (1991)

DNA samples from 161 unrelated patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were screened for point mutations in the rhodopsin gene by using the polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Thirty-nine patients were found to carry 1 of 13 different point mutations at 12 amino acid positions. The presence or absence of the mutations correlated with the presence or absence of retinitis pigmentosa in 174 out of 179 individuals tested in 17 families. The mutations were absent from 118 control subjects with normal vision.
Transgenic Potato Plants Expressing Soybean ß-1,3-Endoglucanase Gene Exhibit an Increased Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (1998)

Soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase represents a model system for studies on early plant responses to infection by fungal pathogens, and it has been implicated in the release of elicitors from fungal cell walls. In the present study, potato plants were transformed with the soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase cDNA via Agrobacterium delivery system. The transfer of the gene into potato genome was confirmed by (i) PCR amplification, (ii) Northern blot analyses, and (iii) an increase in the activity of beta-1,3-endoglucanase in transgenic plants. The transformation resulted in an increased resistance of selected transgenic plants to infection by Phytophthora infestans, an important pathogen.
Thyroid functions of mouse cathepsins B, K, and L (2003)

Thyroid function depends on processing of the prohormone thyroglobulin by sequential proteolytic events. From in vitro analysis it is known that cysteine proteinases mediate proteolytic processing of thyroglobulin. Here, we have analyzed mice with deficiencies in cathepsins B, K, L, B and K, or K and L in order to investigate which of the cysteine proteinases is most important for proteolytic processing of thyroglobulin in vivo. Immunolabeling demonstrated a rearrangement of the endocytic system and a redistribution of extracellularly located enzymes in thyroids of cathepsin-deficient mice. Cathepsin L was upregulated in thyroids of cathepsin K(-/-) or B(-/-)/K(-/-) mice, suggesting a compensation of cathepsin L for cathepsin K deficiency. Impaired proteolysis resulted in the persistence of thyroglobulin in the thyroids of mice with deficiencies in cathepsin B or L. The typical multilayered appearance of extracellularly stored thyroglobulin was retained in cathepsin K(-/-) mice only. These results suggest that cathepsins B and L are involved in the solubilization of thyroglobulin from its covalently cross-linked storage form. Cathepsin K(-/-)/L(-/-) mice had significantly reduced levels of free thyroxine, indicating that utilization of luminal thyroglobulin for thyroxine liberation is mediated by a combinatory action of cathepsins K and L.
All fiber, low threshold, widely tunable single-frequency, erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a tandem fiber Fabry–Perot filter (1991)

An all fiber, widely tunable, single-frequency, erbium-doped fiber ring laser was constructed with a threshold pump power as low as 10 mW. Tuning over more than 30 nm was obtained by applying 0 to 17 dc V to an intracavity fiber Fabry–Perot filter. Threshold pump power versus wavelength data showed low variation over the tuning range. Mode hopping suppression with a tandem fiber Fabry–Perot filter is proposed and demonstrated. Stable single-frequency operation was demonstrated with side mode suppression higher than 35 dB.
Infectiousness in a Cohort of Brazilian Dogs: Why Culling Fails to Control Visceral Leishmaniasis in Areas of High Transmission (2002)

The elimination of seropositive dogs in Brazil has been used to control zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis but with little success. To elucidate the reasons for this, the infectiousness of 50 sentinel dogs exposed to natural Leishmania chagasi infection was assessed through time by xenodiagnosis with the sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Eighteen (43%) of 42 infected dogs became infectious after a median of 333 days in the field (105 days after seroconversion). Seven highly infectious dogs (17%) accounted for >80% of sandfly infections. There were positive correlations between infectiousness and anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G, parasite detection by polymerase chain reaction, and clinical disease (logistic regression, r2=0.08-0.18). The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect currently infectious dogs was high (96%) but lower in the latent period (<63%), and specificity was low (24%). Mathematical modeling suggests that culling programs fail because of high incidence of infection and infectiousness, the insensitivity of the diagnostic test to detect infectious dogs, and time delays between diagnosis and culling.
Deep Learning Based Object Recognition Using Physically-Realistic Synthetic Depth Scenes (2019)

Recognizing objects and estimating their poses have a wide range of application in robotics. For instance, to grasp objects, robots need the position and orientation of objects in 3D. The task becomes challenging in a cluttered environment with different types of objects. A popular approach to tackle this problem is to utilize a deep neural network for object recognition. However, deep learning-based object detection in cluttered environments requires a substantial amount of data. Collection of these data requires time and extensive human labor for manual labeling. In this study, our objective was the development and validation of a deep object recognition framework using a synthetic depth image dataset. We synthetically generated a depth image dataset of 22 objects randomly placed in a 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.1 m box, and automatically labeled all objects with an occlusion rate below 70%. Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) architecture was adopted for training using a dataset of 800,000 synthetic depth images, and its performance was tested on a real-world depth image dataset consisting of 2000 samples. Deep object recognizer has 40.96% detection accuracy on the real depth images and 93.5% on the synthetic depth images. Training the deep learning model with noise-added synthetic images improves the recognition accuracy for real images to 46.3%. The object detection framework can be trained on synthetically generated depth data, and then employed for object recognition on the real depth data in a cluttered environment. Synthetic depth data-based deep object detection has the potential to substantially decrease the time and human effort required for the extensive data collection and labeling.
Host Nutritional Status and Its Effect on a Viral Pathogen (2000)

The nutritional status of the host has long been associated with both severity and susceptibility to infectious disease. The accepted model system proposes that inadequate nutrition impairs the functioning of the immune system, thus resulting in increased susceptibility to infection. However, current work suggests that not only can the nutritional status of the host affect the immune response, but it can also affect the viral pathogen. In a mouse model, a benign strain of coxsackievirus B3 became virulent and caused myocarditis in selenium- and vitamin E-deficient mice. This change in pathogenicity was due to mutations in the viral genome, which changed an avirulent virus into a virulent one. Once these mutations occurred, even mice with normal nutriture developed disease from the mutated virus. These results suggest that the oxidative stress status of the host can have a profound influence on a viral pathogen.
Atrial Activity Detection through a Sparse Decomposition Technique (2008)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, presenting significant consequences on patient health. Automatic detection of atrial fibrillation needs, ideally, the isolated study of the atrial activity registered in the electrocardiogram. Sparse decomposition techniques make possible the decomposition of a signal into their components, thus the separation between atrial and ventricular activities. However, this technique requires the a priori construction of distinct dictionaries, usually built based on atrial and ventricular activity simulation models. This work addresses the construction of the dictionaries based on real electrocardiogram signals, where P-waves, QRS-complexes and T-waves are first identified to support the creation of the dictionaries. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated with real signals, obtained from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database.
Rayleigh/Raman/LIF measurements in a turbulent lean premixed combustor (1996)

Much of the industrial electrical generation capability being added worldwide is gas-turbine engine based and is fueled by natural gas. These gas-turbine engines use lean premixed (LP) combustion to meet the strict NO{sub x} emission standards, while maintaining acceptable levels of CO. In conventional, diffusion flame gas turbine combustors, large amount of NO{sub x} forms in the hot stoichiometric zones via the Zeldovich (thermal) mechanism. Hence, lean premixed combustors are rapidly becoming the norm, since they are specifically designed to avoid these hot stoichiometric zones and the associated thermal NO, However, considerable research and development are still required to reduce the NO{sub x} levels (25-40 ppmvd adjusted to 15% O{sub 2} with the current technology), to the projected goal of under 10 ppmvd by the turn of the century. Achieving this objective would require extensive experiments in LP natural gas (or CH{sub 4}) flames for understanding the combustion phenomena underlying the formation of the exhaust pollutants. Although LP combustion is an effective way to control NO{sub x}, the downside is that it increases the CO emissions. The formation and destruction of the pollutants (NO{sub x} and CO) are strongly affected by the fluid mechanics, the finite-rate chemistry, and their (turbulence-chemistry) interactions. Hence, a thorough understanding of these interactions is vital for controlling and reducing the pollutant emissions. The present research is contributing to this goal by providing a detailed nonintrusive laser based data set with good spatial and temporal resolutions of the pollutants (NO and CO) along with the major species, temperature, and OH. The measurements reported in this work, along with the existing velocity data on a turbulent LP combustor burning CH{sub 4}, would provide insight into the turbulence-chemistry interactions and their effect on pollutant formation.
Different risk factors and prognosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2000)

Early and late intrahepatic recurrences after resection of HCC were associated with different risk factors and prognostic factors. Early recurrences appear to arise mainly from intrahepatic metastases, whereas late recurrences are more likely to be multicentric in origin. The current study suggests that different strategies may be needed for the prevention and management of early and late recurrences. Further studies based on genetic analysis of clonal origins of tumors are required to clarify fully the mechanism of early and late recurrences after resection of HCC.
Heterogeneity and oxidation status of commercial human albumin preparations in clinical use* (2005)

Human serum albumin species with a bound Cys34 account for a large percentage of the composition of human serum albumin preparations used for the treatment of critically ill patients. Also, the variability within lots from the same manufacturer is significant. Consequences of the administration of these oxidized forms of human serum albumin to critically ill patients warrants further investigation.
A naturally occurring functional allele of the rice waxy locus has a GT to TT mutation at the 5′ splice site of the first intron (1998)

In cultivated rice two wild-type alleles, Wxa and Wxb, predominate at the waxy locus, which encodes granule-bound starch synthase. The activity of Wxa is 10-fold higher than that of Wxb at the level of both protein and mRNA. Wxb has a +1G to T mutation at the 5' splice site of the first intron. Sequence analysis of Wxb transcripts revealed that splicing occurs at the mutant AG/UU site and at two cryptic sites: the first is A/GUU, one base upstream of the original site and the second is AG/GU found approximately 100 bases upstream of the mutant splice site. We introduced single base mutations to the 5' splice sites of both Wxa and Wxb, fused with the gus reporter gene and introduced them into rice protoplasts. Analysis of GUS activities and transcripts indicated that a G to T mutation in Wxa reduced GUS activity and the level of spliced RNA. Conversely, a T to G mutation of Wxb restored GUS activity and the level of spliced RNA to that of wild-type Wxa. These results demonstrated that the low level expression of Wxb results from a single base mutation at the 5' splice site of the first intron. It is of interest that the Wxb allele of rice carrying the G to T mutation of intron 1 has been conserved in the history of rice cultivation because there is a low amylose content of the seed caused by this mutation.
Differential scanning calorimetry of thermal unfolding of the methionine repressor protein (MetJ) from Escherichia coli (1992)

The thermal stability of the methionine repressor protein from Escherichia coli (MetJ) has been examined over a wide range of pH (pH 3.5-10) and ionic strength conditions using differential scanning calorimetry. Under reducing conditions, the transitions are fully reversible, and thermograms are characteristic of the cooperative unfolding of a globular protein with a molecular weight corresponding to the MetJ dimer, indicating that no dissociation of this dimeric protein occurs before unfolding of the polypeptide chains under most conditions. In the absence of reducing agent, repeated scans in the calorimeter show only partial reversibility, though the thermodynamic parameters derived from the first scans are comparable to those obtained under fully reversible conditions. The protein is maximally stable (Tm 58.5 degrees C) at about pH 6, close to the estimated isoelectric point, and stability is enhanced by increasing ionic strength in the range I = 0.01-0.4 M. The average calorimetric transition enthalpy (delta Hm) for the dimer is 505 +/- 28 kJ mol-1 under physiological conditions (pH 7, I = 0.125, Tm = 53.2 degrees C) and shows a small temperature dependence which is consistent with an apparent denaturational heat capacity change (delta Cp) of about +8.9 kJ K-1 mol-1. The effects of both pH and ionic strength on the transition temperature and free energy of MetJ unfolding are inconsistent with any single amino acid contribution and are more likely the result of more general electrostatic interactions, possibly including significant contributions from electrostatic repulsion between the like-charged monomers which can be modeled by a Debye-Hückel screened potential.
The advent of AAV9 expands applications for brain and spinal cord gene delivery (2012)

AAV9 will be more widely used based on current data, although other natural serotypes and recombineered vectors may also support or improve upon wide-scale expression. A peripheral-to-central gene delivery that can affect the entire CNS without having to inject the CNS is promising for basic functional experiments, and potentially for gene therapy. Systemic or intra-cerebrospinal fluid routes of AAV9 administration should be considered for spinal muscular atrophy, lysosomal storage diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, if more neuronal expression can be achieved in adults, or if glial expression can be exploited.
The critical role of RNA processing and degradation in the control of gene expression (2010)

The continuous degradation and synthesis of prokaryotic mRNAs not only give rise to the metabolic changes that are required as cells grow and divide but also rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions. In bacteria, RNAs can be degraded by mechanisms that act independently, but in parallel, and that target different sites with different efficiencies. The accessibility of sites for degradation depends on several factors, including RNA higher-order structure, protection by translating ribosomes and polyadenylation status. Furthermore, RNA degradation mechanisms have shown to be determinant for the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. RNases mediate the processing, decay and quality control of RNA. RNases can be divided into endonucleases that cleave the RNA internally or exonucleases that cleave the RNA from one of the extremities. Just in Escherichia coli there are >20 different RNases. RNase E is a single-strand-specific endonuclease critical for mRNA decay in E. coli. The enzyme interacts with the exonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), enolase and RNA helicase B (RhlB) to form the degradosome. However, in Bacillus subtilis, this enzyme is absent, but it has other main endonucleases such as RNase J1 and RNase III. RNase III cleaves double-stranded RNA and family members are involved in RNA interference in eukaryotes. RNase II family members are ubiquitous exonucleases, and in eukaryotes, they can act as the catalytic subunit of the exosome. RNases act in different pathways to execute the maturation of rRNAs and tRNAs, and intervene in the decay of many different mRNAs and small noncoding RNAs. In general, RNases act as a global regulatory network extremely important for the regulation of RNA levels.
Detection of tPA-Induced Hyperfibrinolysis in Whole Blood by RapidTEG, KaolinTEG, and Functional FibrinogenTEG in Healthy Individuals (2012)

This pilot study demonstrated that KaolinTEG, RapidTEG, and FFTEG all were able to detect lysis at 1.8 nmol/L tPA but with a difference in sensitivity. Furthermore, KaolinTEG and FFTEG showed a continuous dose dependence related to the tPA concentration, whereas RapidTEG only detected lysis at higher tPA concentrations.
Characterization of In Vitro Endothelial Linings Grown Within Microfluidic Channels (2011)

In vivo, endothelial cells grow on the inner surface of blood vessels and are shaped to conform to the vessel's geometry. In the smallest vessels this shape entails substantial bending within each cell. Microfabricated channels can replicate these small-scale geometries, but endothelial cells grown within them have not been fully characterized. In particular, the presence of focal adhesions and adherens junctions in endothelial cells grown in microchannels with corners has not been confirmed. We have fabricated square microfluidic channels (50 μm wide, 50 μm deep) and semicircular microfluidic channels (60 μm wide, 45 μm deep) in polydimethylsiloxane and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) within them. Immunofluorescent staining and three-dimensional reconstruction of image stacks taken with confocal microscopy confirmed that HUVEC are capable of forming adherens junctions on all channel walls in both channel geometries, including the sidewalls of square profile channels. The presence of shear stress is critical for the cells to form focal adhesions within both channel geometries. Shear stress is also responsible for the conforming of HUVEC to the channel walls and produces a square cross-sectional geometry of in vitro endothelial linings within square profile channels. Thus, geometry and applied shear stress are important design criteria for the development of in vitro endothelial linings of microvessels.
Switched-capacitor filter based Type-III compensation for switched-mode Buck converters (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel switched-capacitor filter based Type-III compensation architecture for closed-loop regulation of fixed-frequency switched-mode Buck converters. Compared to the conventional all-analog filter, the proposed compensator can be fully-integrated onto the die resulting in reduced footprint and cost. In addition, the filter time constants scale linearly with the Buck converter's switching time-period, resulting in increased programmability and ease-of-use. A prototype of a voltage-mode PWM controller with programmable Buck Converter switching frequencies of 0.5 and 1 MHz, has been implemented and validated in a 0.36-μm BCD process, consumes 1.1 mA of static current from a 3.3 V supply, and occupies ~ 0.65 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active area on-chip.
Polymer-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) Virus-Like Particles Detects HPV16 Clade-Specific Serologic Responses (2003)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) virus-like particles (VLP) were used as antigen in a polymer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibodies to HPV capsid proteins. Serum samples from 575 college women, previously tested for the presence of cervicovaginal HPV DNA, were analyzed. The prevalences of anti-HPV16 VLP antibodies at baseline were 14.1% for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and 6.4% for IgA. The seroprevalences of IgG in women with cervicovaginal HPV16, HPV16-related types, and other HPV types were 55, 33, and 19%, respectively (P < 0.001), compared to the prevalence in women without an HPV infection (10%). HPV VLP IgA seropositivity was associated with high HPV16 VLP IgG optical density values. The seropositivity of IgG antibodies was independently associated with infection with HPV16 or HPV16-related types, increased number of lifetime male partners for vaginal sex, having sex with men >/= 5 years older, history of abnormal PAP smear, older age, and living separately from parents. Use of HPV16 VLP polymer ELISA detects clade-specific responses and suggests an HPV16 VLP vaccine may have broader protection that initially anticipated.
From spreadsheets to relational databases and back (2009)

This paper presents techniques and tools to transform spreadsheets into relational databases and back. A set of data refinement rules is introduced to map a tabular datatype into a relational database schema. Having expressed the transformation of the two data models as data refinements, we obtain for free the functions that migrate the data. We use well-known relational database techniques to optimize and query the data. Because data refinements define bi-directional transformations we can map such database back to an optimized spreadsheet. We have implemented the data refinement rules and we constructed Haskell-based tools to manipulate, optimize and refactor Excel-like spreadsheets.