gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model of SIMD Machines and a Comparison of Various Interconnection Networks (1979)

A formal mathematical model of single instruction stream-multiple data stream (SIMD) machines is defined. It is used as a basis for analyzing various types of interconnection networks that have been discussed in the literature. The networks are evaluated in terms of the lower and upper bounds on the time required for each of the networks discussed to simulate the other networks. SIMD machine algorithms are presented as proofs of the upper time bounds on these simulation tasks. These simulations are used to demonstrate techniques for proving the correctness of SIMD machine algorithms, i.e., analyzing the simultaneous flow of N data items among N processors. Processor address masks, a concise notation for activating and deactivating processors, are used in the algorithms. The methods used to prove the lower bounds and to construct (and prove correct) simulation algorithms to show the upper bounds can be generalized and applied to the analysis of other networks.
Recent progress in quantum dot sensitized solar cells: an inclusive review of photoanode, sensitizer, electrolyte, and the counter electrode (2019)

We present a comprehensive overview of the development of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), including photoanodes, sensitizers, electrolytes, and counter electrodes, and discuss future prospects for the development of highly efficient and stable QDSCs.
Cutaneous Wound Healing After Treatment with Plant-Derived Human Recombinant Collagen Flowable Gel (2012)

Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcers, represent a main public health concern with significant costs. Ulcers often harbor an additional obstacle in the form of tunneled or undermined wounds, requiring treatments that can reach the entire wound tunnel, because bioengineered grafts are typically available only in a sheet form. While collagen is considered a suitable biodegradable scaffold material, it is usually extracted from animal and human cadaveric sources, and accompanied by potential allergic and infectious risks. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of a flowable gel made of human recombinant type I collagen (rhCollagen) produced in transgenic tobacco plants, indicated for the treatment of acute, chronic, and tunneled wounds. The performance of the rhCollagen flowable gel was tested in an acute full-thickness cutaneous wound-healing rat model and compared to saline treatment and two commercial flowable gel control products made of bovine collagen and cadaver human skin collagen. When compared to the three control groups, the rhCollagen-based gel accelerated wound closure and triggered a significant jumpstart to the healing process, accompanied by enhanced re-epithelialization. In a cutaneous full-thickness wound pig model, the rhCollagen-based flowable gel induced accelerated wound healing compared to a commercial product made of bovine tendon collagen. By day 21 post-treatment, 95% wound closure was observed with the rhCollagen product compared to 68% closure in wounds treated with the reference product. Moreover, rhCollagen treatment induced an early angiogenic response and induced a significantly lower inflammatory response than in the control group. In summary, rhCollagen flowable gel proved to be efficacious in animal wound models and is expected to be capable of reducing the healing time of human wounds.
Construction of novel antibodies by use of DNA transfection: design of plasmid vectors (1986)

Abstract The DNA that encodes antibodies can be manipulated in vitro and reintroduced into lymphoid cell lines. In this way, lymphocyte transfectants can be established which secrete milligram quantities of novel antibody molecules. Here we present data concerning the DNA sequences that are needed for efficient expression of the transfected antibody gene and give examples of the way in which this expression system for immunoglobulin gene DNA can be used for the production of useful antibody-related molecules.
A 1-Mb/s IR LED array driver for office wireless communication (1986)

The design of the 1-Mbit/s driver for IR LED arrays enables a wireless IR link to accommodate several voice and data users. With the coming availability of new and economical IR LED devices and with special optical filtering it is estimated that IR LED switching rates will be approaching the 5-Mb/s range. An IR wireless link in an office would thus be enabled to handle video signals.
Isolation of Some Glucosides as Aroma Precursors from Ginger (1999)

A glycosidically bound fraction was prepared by adsorbing a 80% methanol extract from fresh rhizomes of ginger onto a column of Amberlite XAD-2 resin and successively eluting with ethyl acetate or methanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this fraction with an acetone powder prepared from fresh ginger and commercial glycosidase liberated such alcohols as geraniol, 2-heptanol, α-terpineol, nerol, linalool, and citronellol, suggesting that fresh ginger included glycosides and glycosidase. The ethyl acetate eluate was chromatographed by an ODS flash column and then HPLC to isolate the β-glucopyranosides of 5-hydroxyborneol, 1,8-epoxy-p-menthan-3-ol, (2E, 6E)- and (2E, 6Z)-3,7-dimethyl-8-hydroxyoctadien-1-ol, 2-heptanol, geraniol, nerol, (R)-linalool, and citronellol. All the glucosides, except for 5-hydroxybornyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, were identified for the first time in the rhizome of ginger, and many of their aglycons were major constituents of the essential oil. The results indicate that these glucosides are aroma precursors of fresh ginger.
A case for adapting channel width in wireless networks (2008)

We study a fundamental yet under-explored facet in wireless communication -- the width of the spectrum over which transmitters spread their signals, or the channel width. Through detailed measurements in controlled and live environments, and using only commodity 802.11 hardware, we first quantify the impact of channel width on throughput, range, and power consumption. Taken together, our findings make a strong case for wireless systems that adapt channel width. Such adaptation brings unique benefits. For instance, when the throughput required is low, moving to a narrower channel increases range and reduces power consumption; in fixed-width systems, these two quantities are always in conflict. We then present a channel width adaptation algorithm, called SampleWidth, for the base case of two communicating nodes. This algorithm is based on a simple search process that builds on top of existing techniques for adapting modulation. Per specified policy, it can maximize throughput or minimize power consumption. Evaluation using a prototype implementation shows that SampleWidth correctly identities the optimal width under a range of scenarios. In our experiments with mobility, it increases throughput by more than 60% compared to the best fixed-width configuration.
Indoline Derivatives I: Synthesis and Factor Xa (FXa) Inhibitory Activities (2006)

A series of bisamidine derivatives each having a ring structure in the center of the molecule was synthesized and their Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among them, some indoline derivatives showed potent inhibitory activities in vitro. In particular, (R)-18a having an (R)-configuration at the 2-position of the indoline ring exhibited the most potent FXa inhibitory activity in vitro, more potent than DX-9065a. Furthermore, (R)-18a exhibited more potent anticoagulant activity than DX-9065a. We also succeeded in obtaining an X-ray crystal structure of FXa bound with (R)-18a.
Inducing Tumor Suppressive Microenvironments through Genome Edited CD47−/− Syngeneic Cell Vaccination (2019)

Tumors can escape from the immune system by overexpressing CD47 and other checkpoint blockades. CD47 is expressed ubiquitously by all cells in the body, posing an obstacle for CD47 blocking treatments due to their systemic toxicity. We performed a study to determine how the tumor microenvironment changes after vaccination with genome edited CD47<sup>-/-</sup> syngeneic tumor cells. We discovered that inactivated CD47-depleted mouse melanoma cells can protect mice from melanoma. Our animal study indicated that 33% of vaccinated mice remained tumor-free, and 100% of mice had 5-fold reduced growth rates. The characterization of immunomodulatory effects of the vaccine revealed a highly anti-tumorigenic and homogenous microenvironment after vaccination. We observed consistently that in the tumors that failed to respond to vaccines, there were reduced natural killer cells, elevated regulatory T cells, M2-type macrophages, and high PD-L1 expression in these cells. These observations suggested that the tumor microenvironments became more suppressive to tumor growth after vaccination, suggesting a potential new immunotherapy for solid tumors.
Sleep and Neurobehavioral Characteristics of 5- to 7-Year-Old Children With Parentally Reported Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2003)

An unusually high prevalence of snoring was identified among a group of children designated as showing mild symptoms of ADHD based on the Conners' ADHD index identified from a community sample. However, whereas SDB is not more likely to occur among children with significant ADHD symptoms, it is significantly highly prevalent among children with mild hyperactive behaviors. Sleep studies further revealed that rapid eye movement disturbances are more likely to occur in children with significant symptoms, and they seem to impose significant but mild effects on daytime neurobehavioral functioning. We conclude that in children with significant symptoms of ADHD, the prevalence of SDB is not different from that of the general pediatric population and that rapid eye movement sleep in these children is disturbed and may contribute to the severity of their behavioral manifestations. Furthermore, SDB can lead to mild ADHD-like behaviors that can be readily misperceived and potentially delay the diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals novel host factors required for Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin-mediated toxicity (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide variety of infections and antibiotic resistant strains are a major problem in hospitals. One of the best studied virulence factors of S. aureus is the pore-forming toxin alpha hemolysin (αHL) whose mechanism of action is incompletely understood. We performed a genome-wide loss-of-function screen using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to identify host targets required for αHL susceptibility in human myeloid cells. We found gRNAs for ten genes enriched after intoxication with αHL and focused on the top five hits. Besides a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), the host receptor for αHL, we identified three proteins, Sys1 golgi trafficking protein (SYS1), ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARFRP1), and tetraspanin-14 (TSPAN14) which regulate the presentation of ADAM10 on the plasma membrane post-translationally. Interestingly, we also showed that cells lacking sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SGMS1) resist αHL intoxication, but have only a slightly reduced ADAM10 surface expression. SGMS1 regulates lipid raft formation, suggesting that αHL requires these membrane microdomains for attachment and cytotoxicity.
Subword permutation instructions for two-dimensional multimedia processing in MicroSIMD architectures (2002)

MicroSIMD architectures incorporating subword parallelism are very efficient for application-specific media processors as well as for fast multimedia information processing in general-purpose processors. This paper addresses the unsolved problem of the need to permute the subwords packed in registers for maximum parallelism performance, especially for two-dimensional (2-D) multimedia algorithms. We propose a new systematic approach for identifying the fundamental data rearrangement needs in current and future 2-D pixel processing programs based on the hierarchical decomposition of frames and objects into atomic 2-D structures. We define new subword permutation instructions, Check, Excheck, Exchange, and Permset that achieve these data rearrangements across multiple registers. We also define an alphabet of subword permutation primitives, including these new instructions and the Mix instruction defined for PA-RISC MAX-2 and IA-64, which supports the data rearrangement needs of 2D frames and objects. We show the sufficiency and efficiency of this alphabet for achieving all possible permutations of hierarchical 2-D blocks.
Susceptibility testing of slowly growing mycobacteria by a microdilution MIC method with 7H9 broth (1986)

Based on previous success with rapidly growing mycobacteria, a microdilution MIC system was devised for slowly growing mycobacterial species using 7H9 broth. Test drugs included isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, clofazamine, and sulfamethoxazole. Sixty isolates of four mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from patients who had never received drug therapy were evaluated in the system, as well as 25 drug-resistant isolates and 11 control strains. MICs were read when good macroscopic control growth was evident, a period which varied with each species. Most species exhibited a narrow range of MICs with easily discernible growth endpoints. The aminoglycosides, ethambutol, clofazamine, and sulfamethoxazole were the only drugs with activity against all species at clinically achievable levels in serum. Correlation between susceptibilities by the proportion method in agar with single drug concentrations and the broth method were excellent for M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. marinum for isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol. Isolates of the M. avium complex were much more susceptible in broth than in agar for rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. Given the successful transition of most microbiology laboratories to MIC plates for other bacterial species, this method would allow for testing of multiple drugs at multiple concentrations and has good potential for evaluation of drug combinations and drug-resistant isolates.
Solubilization of Plant Membrane Proteins for Analysis by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1986)

A plasma membrane-enriched fraction prepared from barley roots was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Four methods of sample solubilization were assessed on silver stained gels. When membranes were solubilized with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by addition of Nonidet P-40, gels had high background staining and few proteins because of incomplete solubilization. Gels of membranes solubilized in urea and Nonidet P-40 had a greater number of proteins but proteins with molecular weights greater than 85,000 were absent and proteins with low molecular weights were diffuse. High molecular weight proteins were present in gels of membranes solubilized in 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by acetone precipitation but background staining and streaking remained a problem. Gels of the best quality were obtained when membrane proteins were extracted with phenol and precipitated with ammonium acetate in methanol; background staining and streaking were diminished and proteins were clearly resolved. This method makes possible the resolution required for meaningful qualitative and quantitative comparisons of protein patterns on two-dimensional gels of plant membrane proteins.
Array-MLPA: comprehensive detection of deletions and duplications and its application to DMD patients (2007)

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is widely used to screen genes of interest for deletions and duplications. Since MLPA is usually based on size-separation of the amplification products, the maximum number of target sequences that can be screened in parallel is usually limited to approximately 40. We report the design of a robust array-based MLPA format that uses amplification products of essentially uniform size (100-120 bp) and distinguishes between them by virtue of incorporated tag sequences. We were thus able to increase probe complexity to 124, with very uniform product yields and signals that have a low coefficient of variance. The assay designed was used to screen the largest set studied so far (249 patients) of unrelated Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cases from the Chinese population. In a blind study we correctly assigned 98% of the genotypes and detected rearrangements in 181 cases (73%); i.e., 163 deletions (65%), 13 duplications (5%), and five complex rearrangements (2%). Although this value is significantly higher for Chinese patients than previously reported, it is similar to that found for other populations. The location of the rearrangements (76% in the major deletion hotspot) is also in agreement with other findings. The 96-well flow-through microarray system used in this research provides high-throughput and speed; hybridization can be completed in 5 to 30 minutes. Since array processing and data analysis are fully automated, array-MLPA should be easy to implement in a standard diagnostic laboratory. The universal array can be used to analyze any tag-modified MLPA probe set.
Reduction of capsaicin-induced ocular pain and neurogenic inflammation by calcium antagonists. (1993)

These results suggest that by lowering capsaicin-induced neural activity in nociceptive terminals, diltiazem decreases pain and neurogenic inflammation and may be useful as both an analgesic and an antiinflammatory agent in the eye.
Constellation and Interleaver Design for BICM (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new BICM design which considers hierarchical (nonequally spaced) constellations, a bit-level multiplexer, and multiple interleavers. It is shown that this new scheme outperform previous BICM designs because it exploits the temporal structure of the coded sequence. An analytical bound on the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed BICM scheme in terms of the constellation parameters and the multiplexing is developed for Nakagami-m fading channels. This bound is used to design a BICM transceiver with improved BER performance. Numerical results show that the gains compared to conventional BICM designs depend on the fading parameter and reach 2 dB for a target BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> and m=5.
Adjuvant intrahepatic chemotherapy with mitomycin and 5-FU combined with hepatic irradiation in high-risk patients with carcinoma of the colon: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II pilot study. (1985)

The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a pilot study in patients who had had total clinical resection of cancer of the colon and had a high risk of recurrence (Duke's C); the purpose of the study was to determine the toxic effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hepatic radiotherapy, in anticipation of their potential use in an adjuvant groupwide protocol. The treatment plan included intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin (3 mg/m2) on Days 1, 4, 35, and 38 by slow intra-arterial push and 5-FU (1000 mg/m2) on Days 1-4 and 35-38 by continuous 96-hour infusion. Radiation therapy was begun on Day 8 of therapy and consisted of 1950 rads in 13 fractions over 2 1/2 weeks. Nineteen patients have been studied. Of 13 fully evaluable patients, two have relapsed in the liver. Eleven patients have developed significant, persistent liver enzyme elevations, and one patient has died from therapy-related liver failure. Combined radiotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy may result in significant chronic liver damage, and caution should be exercised in future adjuvant trials.
Effect of pravastatin and omega-3 fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. (1993)

This study compared the effects of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, fish oil, and placebo on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. After an initial run-in phase, 32 patients were randomized for 6 weeks to either (1) pravastatin 40 mg/d, n = 10; (2) fish oil (himega 6 g/d, equivalent to 3 g omega-3 fatty acids/d), n = 10; or (3) placebo. After single drug therapy, in the pravastatin group mean total plasma cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein (apo) B fell significantly by 23% (P < .001), 30% (p < .001), and 26% (P < .01), respectively. LDL Stokes' diameter did not change. In the fish oil group mean plasma triglycerides (TG) fell 30% (P < .05), LDL Stokes' diameter increased from 25.0 to 25.9 nm (P < .05), and there was a nonsignificant increase in LDL-C. There were no changes in the placebo group. To assess the effect of the combination of pravastatin plus fish oil therapy, all patients, except one woman from the placebo group who developed nausea on fish oil, then took combined therapy of pravastatin 40 mg/d plus fish oil 6 g/d for an additional 12 weeks. In each case, there were no clinically significant episodes of muscle tenderness or elevation of creatine phosphokinase or alanine aminotransferase. After 12 weeks of combined therapy of pravastatin plus fish oil, there were significant reductions in the mean TC, TG, LDL-C, and apoB in the three groups compared with baseline levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Portable Simultaneous Multiple Analyte Whole-Blood Analyzer for Point-of-Care Testing (1992)

We describe a portable clinical chemistry analyzer for point-of-care measurements of multiple analytes in less than 10 min from approximately 40 microL of whole blood (fingerstick or venous). Whole blood is applied directly to a 7.9-cm-diameter, single-use plastic rotor containing liquid diluent and greater than or equal to 4-12 tests in the form of 1- to 2-mm-diameter dry reagent beads. The reagent/rotor is immediately placed in a portable instrument along with a ticket/label results card. As the instrument spins the rotor, capillary and rotational forces process the blood into diluted plasma, distribute the patient's diluted sample to cuvettes containing the reagent beads, and mix the diluted sample with the reagents. The instrument monitors the chemical reactions optically at nine wavelengths; sample volume and temperature are also measured optically. The calibration data for each reagent are read from a bar code on the periphery of each rotor. The instrument processes all the measurements to calculate, store, print, and communicate the results. Each reagent/rotor contains an enzymatic control that must be within a defined range before the results from that analysis are reported.
Early Treatment With Lisinopril and Spironolactone Preserves Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mice (2011)

These findings offer clinically available medications with proven antifibrotic effect as a new therapeutic strategy in DMD. Early initiation greatly attenuated myocardial disease and, for the first time with these drugs, improved skeletal myopathy. Thus, early initiation of such agents warrants further clinical evaluation to maintain ambulatory, respiratory, and cardiac function for patients with DMD and related myopathies.
Motion artifact cancellation to obtain heart sounds from a single chest-worn accelerometer (2010)

This paper presents a method of extracting primary heart sound signals from chest-worn accelerometer data in the presence of motion artifacts. The proposed method outperforms noise removal techniques such as wavelet denoising and adaptive filtering. Results from six subjects show a primary heart signal detection rate of 99.36% with a false positive rate of 1.3%.