gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Pulsed Light Sintering of Silver Nanowires on Woven Polyester for personal thermal management with enhanced performance, durability and cost-effectiveness (2018)

Fabric-based personal heating patches have small geometric profiles and can be attached to selected areas of garments for personal thermal management to enable significant energy savings in built environments. Scalable fabrication of such patches with high thermal performance at low applied voltage, high durability and low materials cost is critical to the widespread implementation of these energy savings. This work investigates a scalable Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) sintering process for fabricating silver nanowire on woven polyester heating patches. Just 300 microseconds of IPL sintering results in 30% lesser electrical resistance, 70% higher thermal performance, greater durability (under bending up to 2 mm radius of curvature, washing, humidity and high temperature), with only 50% the added nanowire mass compared to state-of-the-art. Computational modeling combining electromagnetic and thermal simulations is performed to uncover the nanoscale temperature gradients during IPL sintering, and the underlying reason for greater durability of the nanowire-fabric after sintering. This large-area, high speed, and ambient-condition IPL sintering process represents an attractive strategy for scalably fabricating personal heating fabric-patches with greater thermal performance, higher durability and reduced costs.
Diphosphonites as highly efficient ligands for enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation (1998)

Chiral ligands with achiral backbones such as ethano- or ferroceno-bridges linking two phosphonites derived from chiral diols such as binaphthol (BINOL) have been prepared; the corresponding Rh complexes are excellent catalysts in the hydrogenation of prochiral olefins such as itaconic acid dimethyl ester or 2-acetamido methyl acrylate, the ee values being 90–99.5%.
Reaction of atomic oxygen with adsorbed carbon monoxide on a platinum surface (1996)

The reaction of gas-phase oxygen atoms with carbon monoxide molecules adsorbed on a platinum surface is studied by the use of the classical trajectory approach. Collisions taking place at gas temperature 300 K are considered as a function of the incident angle. Gas atoms approaching CO in the angle range of 0°–50° are very efficient at producing vibrationally excited CO2 molecules in the gas phase. Beyond 50°, the extent of desorbing CO2 formation decreases rapidly and becomes negligible as the incident angle approaches 90°. Most of the exothermicity of the reaction O+CO→CO2 minus the CO–surface-binding energy appears to be transferred to the asymmetric stretching vibration of the desorbing CO2. The fraction of reactive collisions producing molecules having vibrational energies corresponding to levels v3=9 to 13 is found to be very high and exhibits a vibrational population inversion. Molecular time scale trajectory calculations show that relatively few atoms making up the solid are needed to obtain reliable data on energy transfer to the solid. The behavior of ensembles at various reaction times is discussed in detail. The surface is considered to be at 0 K.
Genotype and Subtype Profiling of PSI-7977 as a Nucleotide Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (2012)

PSI-7977, a prodrug of 2'-F-2'-C-methyluridine monophosphate, is the purified diastereoisomer of PSI-7851 and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. In this study, we profiled the activity of PSI-7977 and its ability to select for resistance using a number of different replicon cells. Results showed that PSI-7977 was active against genotype (GT) 1a, 1b, and 2a (strain JFH-1) replicons and chimeric replicons containing GT 2a (strain J6), 2b, and 3a NS5B polymerase. Cross-resistance studies using GT 1b replicons confirmed that the S282T change conferred resistance to PSI-7977. Subsequently, we evaluated the ability of PSI-7977 to select for resistance using GT 1a, 1b, and 2a (JFH-1) replicon cells. S282T was the common mutation selected among all three genotypes, but while it conferred resistance to PSI-7977 in GT 1a and 1b, JFH-1 GT 2a S282T showed only a very modest shift in 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) for PSI-7977. Sequence analysis of the JFH-1 NS5B region indicated that additional amino acid changes were selected both prior to and after the emergence of S282T. These include T179A, M289L, I293L, M434T, and H479P. Residues 179, 289, and 293 are located within the finger and palm domains, while 434 and 479 are located on the surface of the thumb domain. Data from the JFH-1 replicon variants showed that amino acid changes within the finger and palm domains together with S282T were required to confer resistance to PSI-7977, while the mutations on the thumb domain serve to enhance the replication capacity of the S282T replicons.
Distinct levels of Sox9 expression mark colon epithelial stem cells that form colonoids in culture (2011)

Sox9 is an high-mobility group box transcription factor that is expressed in the stem cell zone of the small intestine and colon. We have previously used a Sox9EGFP mouse model to demonstrate that discrete levels of Sox9 expression mark small intestine epithelial stem cells that form crypt/villus-like structures in a three-dimensional culture system (Formeister EJ, Sionas AL, Lorance DK, Barkley CL, Lee GH, Magness ST. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G1108-G1118, 2009; Gracz AD, Ramalingam S, Magness ST. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298: G590-G600, 2010). In the present study, we hypothesized that discrete levels of Sox9 expression would also mark colonic epithelial stem cells (CESCs). Using the Sox9EGFP mouse model, we show that lower levels of Sox9 mark cells in the transit-amplifying progenitor cell zone, while higher levels of Sox9 mark cells in the colonic crypt base. Furthermore, we demonstrate that variable SOX9 levels persist in cells of colonic adenomas from mice and humans. Cells expressing lower Sox9 levels demonstrate gene expression profiles consistent with more differentiated populations, and cells expressing higher Sox9 levels are consistent with less differentiated populations. When placed in culture, cells expressing the highest levels of Sox9 formed "colonoids," which are defined as bodies of cultured colonic epithelial cells that possess multiple cryptlike structures and a pseudolumen. Cells expressing the highest levels of Sox9 also demonstrate multipotency and self-renewal in vitro, indicating functional stemness. These data suggest a dose-dependent role for Sox9 in normal CESCs and cells comprising colon tumors. Furthermore, distinct Sox9 levels represent a new biomarker to study CESC and progenitor biology in physiological and disease states.
Caenorhabditis elegansLevamisole Resistance Geneslev-1,unc-29, andunc-38Encode Functional Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits (1997)

We show that three of the eleven genes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that mediate resistance to the nematocide levamisole and to other cholinergic agonists encode nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits. unc-38 encodes an alpha subunit while lev-1 and unc-29 encode non-alpha subunits. The nematode nAChR subunits show conservation of many mammalian nAChR sequence features, implying an ancient evolutionary origin of nAChR proteins. Expression in Xenopus oocytes of combinations of these subunits that include the unc-38 alpha subunit results in levamisole-induced currents that are suppressed by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, neosurugatoxin, and d-tubocurarine but not alpha-bungarotoxin. The mutant phenotypes reveal that unc-38 and unc-29 subunits are necessary for nAChR function, whereas the lev-1 subunit is not. An UNC-29-GFP fusion shows that UNC-29 is expressed in body and head muscles. Two dominant mutations of lev-1 result in a single amino acid substitution or addition in or near transmembrane domain 2, a region important to ion channel conductance and desensitization. The identification of viable nAChR mutants in C. elegans provides an advantageous system in which receptor expression and synaptic targeting can be manipulated and studied in vivo.
Inhibition of growth factor production and angiogenesis in human cancer cells by ZD1839 (Iressa), a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. (2001)

The transforming growth factor-alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor (TGF-alpha-EGFR) autocrine pathway, which is involved in the development and the progression of human epithelial cancers, controls, in part, the production of angiogenic factors. These angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), are secreted by cancer cells to stimulate normal endothelial cell growth through paracrine mechanisms. ZD1839 (Iressa) is a p.o.-active, selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in clinical trials in cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of ZD1839 in human colon (GEO, SW480, and CaCo2), breast (ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 ADR), ovarian (OVCAR-3), and gastric (KATO III and N87) cancer cells that coexpress TGF-alpha and EGFR. ZD1839 treatment determined a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition accompanied by the decrease of VEGF, bFGF and TGF-alpha production in vitro. Treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing well-established, palpable GEO xenografts with ZD1839 determined a cytostatic dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of GEO tumor xenografts after ZD1839 treatment revealed a significant dose-dependent reduction of TGF-alpha, bFGF, and VEGF expression in cancer cells and of neoangiogenesis, as determined by microvessel count. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of ZD1839 was potentiated in combination with the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel in GEO tumor xenografts. Tumor regression was observed in all mice after treatment with ZD1839 plus paclitaxel, and it was accompanied by a significant potentiation in inhibition of TGF-alpha, VEGF, and bFGF expression with a few or no microvessels. Furthermore, 6 of 16 mice bearing well-established, palpable GEO xenografts had no histological evidence of GEO tumors at the end of treatment with ZD1839 plus paclitaxel. These results demonstrate that the antitumor effect of ZD1839 is accompanied by inhibition in the production of autocrine and paracrine growth factors that sustain autonomous local growth and facilitate angiogenesis, and that this effect can be potentiated by the combined treatment with certain cytotoxic drugs, such as paclitaxel.
Constitutive expression of CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV on peripheral blood B lymphocytes of patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (1999)

We have investigated the expression of the ectoenzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV)/CD26 on lymphocytes obtained from patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and compared it with healthy subjects. Using two-colour immunofluorescence analysis with CD26 and CD20 or CD23 monoclonal antibodies, CD26 was found undetectable on peripheral resting B-cells (CD20+ CD23–) from normal donors whereas it was expressed on B-cells activated in vitro with interleukin (IL)-4 and Staphylococcus aureus strain cowan I (CD20+ CD23+). The expression of CD26 on leukaemic B-cells (CD20+ CD23+) was clearly induced in 22 out of 25 patients examined. Consequently, induced levels of CD26 cell surface expression on either normal activated and malignant B-cells coincided with the enhancement of DPP IV activity detected on the surface of these cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the transcript levels of the CD26 gene was higher in normal activated B-cells and B-CLL cells than in resting B-cells, suggesting that CD26 was expressed at the level of transcriptional activation. These observations provide evidence of the abnormal expression of DPPIV/CD26 in B-CLL which, therefore, may be considered as a novel marker for B-CLL. Further investigation in relation to CD26 expression and other B malignancies needs to be defined.
Model for the interaural time differences in the azimuthal plane (1977)

An objective study of the steady-state interaural time difference (ITD) was performed on a manikin comprised of a head and torso. Data were taken for both a bare and clothed torso. The measured ITD’s correspond reasonably accurately at the low and the high frequencies to the computed theoretical values for a rigid sphere of an effective radius a. The theoretical ratio of the low-frequency (&amp;lt;500 Hz) ITD to the high-frequency (≳2000 Hz) ITD is 3/2. The measured ITD is a minimum between 1.4 and 1.6 kHz for angles of incidence, ϑinc, of sound between 15° and 60°. At both the low and the high frequencies the data can be expressed by universal curves when the ITD is normalized by (a/c0) sinϑinc, where c0 is the speed of sound in air and ϑinc is the angle of incidence. Both the steady-state ITD and the interaural sound-pressure-level difference (ILD) show differences between measurements made with the bare torso and those with a clothed torso. These objectives results support the subjective measurements of past experiments, which showed that in man there was no localization improvement below approximately 500 Hz, poor localization between 1000 and 2000 Hz, and a change in the localization cue around 1400 Hz from ITD to ILD.
Plant bZIP proteins gather at ACGT elements (1994)

ACGT cis-acting DNA sequence elements have been identified in a multitude of plant genes regulated by diverse environmental, physiological, and environmental cues. In vivo transient and transgenic plant expression studies have shown that these ACGT elements are necessary for maximal transcriptional activation. Plants possess a conserved family of DNA-binding proteins specific for these DNA sequence motifs. Well-defined in terms of nucleotide sequence required for protein/DNA interactions and transcriptional activation, various ACGT elements have been used as molecular probes to clone sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. All plant DNA-binding proteins specific for ACGT elements belong to the bZIP classification. Most recombinant bZIP proteins can interact with ACGT elements derived from different plant genes, albeit with different affinity. Systematic protein/DNA binding studies have shown that sequences flanking the ACGT core affect bZIP protein binding specificity. These studies have provided the basis for a concise ACGT nomenclature and defined high-affinity A-box, C-box, and G-box elements. Plant bZIP factors can be classified according to their quantitative binding affinities for high-affinity ACGT elements. Potential molecular mechanisms that may control how plant bZIP proteins activate plant gene expression are discussed.
Immunomodulatory Effects of the Triterpenoid CDDO after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Mice: Reduction of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Lethality. (2005)

Abstract The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in cancer treatment is seriously hampered by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and cancer relapse. During acute GVHD, inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in the amplification of GVHD. Therefore, assessment of agents with known anti-neoplastic activity that also reduce cytokine production may be useful in both the prevention of GVHD and cancer relapse. The synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) is multifunctional molecule which has shown potent anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo through the induction of apoptosis. We first examined the effects of CDDO on both human and murine T cell mitogen responses in vitro. CDDO significantly inhibited mitogen responsiveness of both human and murine T cells in vitro with evidence of cell cycle arrest of the human T cells. We then proceeded to examine the effects of CDDO on acute GVHD induction and progression. In these studies, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice received 10 million bone marrow cells (BMC) and 40 million spleen cells from fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c donors. All of the control mice succumbed rapidly due to acute GVHD. In contrast, the mice that received CDDO (120 ug/BID) given from days 0-3 following BMT exhibited significant improvement in survival (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Body weights from the treated mice also were significantly increased compared to untreated controls. We found that the timing of CDDO administration was a critical factor for protection from GVHD as protection only occurred when CDDO was administered early after BMT. Importantly, donor myeloid reconstitution was not adversely affected by CDDO treatment as determined by peripheral blood cell count and donor chimerism assessment on day +14 post-transplant. No adverse toxicities or effects on reconstitution were observed in the mice receiving BMC alone with CDDO being administered continuously. Given the reported direct anti-tumor effects of CDDO, it will be of particular interest in examining the effects of CDDO and allogeneic BMT in tumor-bearing recipients. Our findings suggest that CDDO can enhance the efficacy of allogeneic BMT by decreasing acute GVHD in mice.
A cross-sectional study of the effects of long-term percutaneous hormone replacement therapy on bone density (1992)

The effect of hormone implants on the bone density of postmenopausal women was studied in 110 patients (mean age 54.7 years; mean menopausal age 8.6 years, range 2-30) who had received hormone replacement in the form of estradiol (50-75 mg) and testosterone (100 mg) pellets at 6-month intervals for 2-24 years (mean 5.2). They were compared with 254 untreated women (mean age 55.0 years; mean menopausal age 6.8 years, range 1-37). The bone density at the spine, measured by quantitative digital radiography, was 1.123 grams hydroxyapatite (gHa)/cm2 in the treated group and 0.951 gHa/cm2 in the controls (P less than .0001). The total bone density at the proximal femur was 1.002 gHa/cm2 in the treated group, compared with 0.914 gHa/cm2 in the controls (P less than .0001). There were significant differences in the density of the trochanteric, intertrochanteric, and neck areas of the proximal femur as well as the Ward triangle (all P less than .0001). These differences became significant from the age of 55 at the neck of the femur, Ward triangle, and lumbar spine, and from age 60 for all other values. Subcutaneous estradiol and testosterone prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and maintain normal bone density for as long as treatment is continued.
Membrane-Interactive Phospholipids Inhibit HIV Type 1-Induced Cell Fusion and Surface gp160/gp120 Binding to Monoclonal Antibody (1995)

Membrane-interactive phospholipids (PLs), previously evaluated for activity against HIV-1 in vitro, are known to affect late steps in viral replication. Studies were done to determine the effects of PL analogs on post-translational processing of HIV-1 proteins, binding of viral surface gp160/gp120 to CD4 receptor, and HIV-1-induced cell fusion. Results of this investigation indicated that PL alone (1-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropyl-rac-3-phosphocholine, CP-51) and PL-AZT conjugate (1-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropyl-rac-3-phospho-3'- azido-3'-deoxythymidine, CP-92) have no effect on HIV-1-induced syntheses or processing of gp160/gp120, pr51, p24, or p17 (including myristoylation) in infected cells. Progeny HIV-1 particles made in CP-92-treated H9IIIB cells contained gp120, pr51, and p24; however, these virus particles had reduced capacity to bind to CD4+ cells. Both CP-51 and CP-92 inhibited syncytium (cell fusion) formation between treated HIV-1-infected cells and uninfected CD4+ cells, and, they reduced HIV-1 gp160/gp120 binding to CD4+ cells and monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that anti-HIV-1 activity of PL compounds involves alteration of cell surface membranes and viral envelopes. Phospholipid compounds are a novel class of membrane interactive compounds with potential use in blocking the spread of HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in AIDS.
Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon (2012)

The release of energy from particulate substrates such as dietary fiber and resistant starch (RS) in the human colon may depend on the presence of specialist primary degraders (or 'keystone species') within the microbial community. We have explored the roles of four dominant amylolytic bacteria found in the human colon in the degradation and utilization of resistant starches. Eubacterium rectale and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron showed limited ability to utilize RS2- and RS3-resistant starches by comparison with Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Ruminococcus bromii. In co-culture, however, R. bromii proved unique in stimulating RS2 and RS3 utilization by the other three bacterial species, even in a medium that does not permit growth of R. bromii itself. Having previously demonstrated low RS3 fermentation in vivo in two individuals with undetectable populations of R. bromii-related bacteria, we show here that supplementation of mixed fecal bacteria from one of these volunteers with R. bromii, but not with the other three species, greatly enhanced the extent of RS3 fermentation in vitro. This argues strongly that R. bromii has a pivotal role in fermentation of RS3 in the human large intestine, and that variation in the occurrence of this species and its close relatives may be a primary cause of variable energy recovery from this important component of the diet. This work also indicates that R. bromii possesses an exceptional ability to colonize and degrade starch particles when compared with previously studied amylolytic bacteria from the human colon.
Isolation of the Gene and Characterization of the Enzymatic Properties of a Major Exoglucanase of Humicola grisea without a Cellulose-Binding Domain (1998)

An exoglucanase gene was cloned from a cellulolytic fungus, Humicola grisea. DNA sequencing of this gene, designated as exo1, revealed that it contained four introns in the coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of EXO1 was 451 amino acids in length and showed 57.7% identity with that of H. grisea cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH1), but lacked the typical domain structures of a cellulose-binding domain and a hinge region. Transcriptional analysis of the exo1 and cbh1 genes showed that the expression of these genes was induced by Avicel, and repressed in the presence of glucose. The exo1 gene was expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, and the recombinant EXO1 protein was purified. EXO1 and CBH1 produced by A. oryzae showed relatively higher activity toward Avicel, but showed much lower activity toward carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside (PNPC), than H. grisea endoglucanase 1 (EGL1). The addition of a cellulose-binding domain and a hinge region to EXO1 caused decreases in its enzymatic activities as well as the deletion of the cellulose-binding domain from CBH1. EXO1 showed relatively weak or no synergistic activity toward Avicel with H. grisea endoglucanases, but showed a significant level of apparent synergism with H. grisea CBH1 and Trichoderma reesei EGLI. CBH1 showed a significant level of apparent endo-exo synergism with H. grisea and T. reesei endoglucanases. H. grisea has at least two different types of major exoglucanase components and shows strong cellulolytic activity through synergism with cellulase components including EXO1 and CBH1.