gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Neuroticism in a Population-Based Sample (2010)

Neuroticism is a moderately heritable personality trait considered to be a risk factor for developing major depression, anxiety disorders and dementia. We performed a genome-wide association study in 2,235 participants drawn from a population-based study of neuroticism, making this the largest association study for neuroticism to date. Neuroticism was measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. After Quality Control, we analysed 430,000 autosomal SNPs together with an additional 1.2 million SNPs imputed with high quality from the Hap Map CEU samples. We found a very small effect of population stratification, corrected using one principal component, and some cryptic kinship that required no correction. NKAIN2 showed suggestive evidence of association with neuroticism as a main effect (p < 10(-6)) and GPC6 showed suggestive evidence for interaction with age (p approximately = 10(-7)). We found support for one previously-reported association (PDE4D), but failed to replicate other recent reports. These results suggest common SNP variation does not strongly influence neuroticism. Our study was powered to detect almost all SNPs explaining at least 2% of heritability, and so our results effectively exclude the existence of loci having a major effect on neuroticism.
Lipid Rafts Act as Specialized Domains for Tetanus Toxin Binding and Internalization into Neurons (2001)

Tetanus (TeNT) is a zinc protease that blocks neurotransmission by cleaving the synaptic protein vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin. Although its intracellular catalytic activity is well established, the mechanism by which this neurotoxin interacts with the neuronal surface is not known. In this study, we characterize p15s, the first plasma membrane TeNT binding proteins and we show that they are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoproteins in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells, spinal cord cells, and purified motor neurons. We identify p15 as neuronal Thy-1 in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurements confirm the close association of the binding domain of TeNT and Thy-1 at the plasma membrane. We find that TeNT is recruited to detergent-insoluble lipid microdomains on the surface of neuronal cells. Finally, we show that cholesterol depletion affects a raft subpool and blocks the internalization and intracellular activity of the toxin. Our results indicate that TeNT interacts with target cells by binding to lipid rafts and that cholesterol is required for TeNT internalization and/or trafficking in neurons.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy among Postmenopausal North American Women Receiving Osteoporosis Therapy (2005)

More than half of North American women receiving therapy to treat or prevent osteoporosis have vitamin D inadequacy, underscoring the need for improved physician and public education regarding optimization of vitamin D status in this population.
Mobile divides (2010)

We combine data from a field survey with transaction log data from a mobile phone operator to provide new insight into daily patterns of mobile phone use in Rwanda. The analysis is divided into three parts. First, we present a statistical comparison of the general Rwandan population to the population of mobile phone owners in Rwanda. We find that phone owners are considerably wealthier, better educated, and more predominantly male than the general population. Second, we analyze patterns of phone use and access, based on self-reported survey data. We note statistically significant differences by gender; for instance, women are more likely to use shared phones than men. Third, we perform a quantitative analysis of calling patterns and social network structure using mobile operator billing logs. By these measures, the differences between men and women are more modest, but we observe vast differences in utilization between the relatively rich and the relatively poor. Taken together, the evidence in this paper suggests that phones are disproportionately owned and used by the privileged strata of Rwandan society.
The human telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT: organization of the gene and characterization of the promoter (1999)

Telomerase, the enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA, is not expressed in most human somatic cells but is activated with in vitro immortalization and during tumorigenesis, and repressed by cell differentiation. Of the two components of the core enzyme, the catalytic protein hTERT is limiting for activity. To investigate mechanisms of hTERT gene regulation, we have cloned genomic sequences encompassing the complete hTERT transcription unit. The hTERT gene consists of 16 exons and 15 introns spanning approximately 35 kb. Transient transfections of immortal human cells with potential regulatory 5' sequences linked to a reporter, combined with deletion analysis of these sequences, indicated that elements responsible for promoter activity are contained within a region extending from 330 bp upstream of the ATG to the second exon of the gene. Assays in different cell types have shown that the hTERT promoter is inactive in normal and in transformed pre-immortal cells, but, like telomerase, it is activated with cell immortalization. Sequence analysis revealed that the hTERT promoter is GC-rich, lacks TATA and CAAT boxes but contains binding sites for several transcription factors that may be involved in its regulation. The abundance of these sites suggests the possibility that hTERT expression may be subject to multiple levels of control and be regulated by different factors in different cellular contexts.
Stability of cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone conjugate (AN-152) containing doxorubicin 14- O -hemiglutarate in mouse and human serum in vitro: Implications for the design of preclinical studies (2000)

Recently, we developed a series of cytotoxic peptide conjugates containing 14-O-glutaryl esters of doxorubicin (DOX) or 2-pyrrolino-DOX (AN-201). Serum carboxylesterase enzymes (CE) can partially hydrolyze these conjugates in the circulation, releasing the cytotoxic radical, before the targeting is complete. CE activity in serum of nude mice is about 10 times higher than in human serum. Thus, we found that the t(1/2) of AN-152, an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) containing DOX, at 0.3 mg/ml is 19. 49 +/- 0.74 min in mouse serum and 126.06 +/- 3.03 min in human serum in vitro. The addition of a CE inhibitor, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), to mouse serum in vitro significantly (P < 0. 01) prolongs the t(1/2) of AN-152 to 69.63 +/- 4.44 min. When DFP is used in vivo, 400 nmol/kg cytotoxic somatostatin analog AN-238 containing AN-201 is well tolerated by mice, whereas all animals die after the same dose without DFP. In contrast, DFP has no effect on the tolerance of AN-201. A better tolerance to AN-238 after DFP treatment is due to the selective uptake of AN-238 by somatostatin receptor-positive tissues. Our results demonstrate that the suppression of the CE activity in nude mice greatly decreases the toxicity of cytotoxic hybrids containing 2-pyrrolino-DOX 14-O-hemiglutarate and brings this animal model closer to the conditions that exist in humans. The use of DFP together with these peptide conjugates in nude mice permits a better understanding of their mechanism of action and improves the clinical predictability of the oncological and toxicological results.
Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience (2014)

The discovery of the size and complexity of the human microbiome has resulted in an ongoing reevaluation of many concepts of health and disease, including diseases affecting the CNS. A growing body of preclinical literature has demonstrated bidirectional signaling between the brain and the gut microbiome, involving multiple neurocrine and endocrine signaling mechanisms. While psychological and physical stressors can affect the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, experimental changes to the gut microbiome can affect emotional behavior and related brain systems. These findings have resulted in speculation that alterations in the gut microbiome may play a pathophysiological role in human brain diseases, including autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. Ongoing large-scale population-based studies of the gut microbiome and brain imaging studies looking at the effect of gut microbiome modulation on brain responses to emotion-related stimuli are seeking to validate these speculations. This article is a summary of emerging topics covered in a symposium and is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the subject.
Direct selection of antibodies that coordinate metals from semisynthetic combinatorial libraries. (1993)

An iterative strategy for the selection of catalytic metalloantibodies is described. The first stage of this strategy is validated by the selection of semisynthetic antibodies that coordinate a variety of different metal ions and the metal oxide magnetite. These results have implications not only for the development of catalytic metalloantibodies but also for the development of reagents for magnetic resonance imaging, delivery of radioisotopes, and purification of recombinant proteins.
Differentiation antigens expressed by epithelial cells in the lactating breast are also detectable in breast cancers (1981)

Two monoclonal antibodies, 3.14.A3 and 1.10.F3, raised against a delipidated preparation of the human milk fat globule and characterized as epithelium-specific (Taylor-papadimitriou et al., 1981) were assayed histologically, by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, against formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, normal and tumour tissue sections, in order to establish their in vivo specificity. Both antibodies bound to less than 10% of the alveoli and ducts in the resting breast, but bound to all areas of alveoli, ducts and secretion in the lactating breast. Binding was to the luminal surface of the alveolar and ductal epithelium. Antibody 3.14.A3 showed positive reactions with each of 20 primary breast carcinomas tested, and with metastatic lesions in lymph nodes from six of these. Antibody 1.10.F3 also reacted with most of the primary carcinomas but not with those of the mucoid type nor with metastatic lesions in lymph nodes. When tested against a variety of normal tissues, 1.10.F3 bound only to the luminal epithelial surface of classically defined exocrine glands, to their associated ducts and to the collecting tubules of kidney and bronchioles of the lung. 3.14.A3 showed a similar pattern of binding to 1.10.F3 but also bound to sweat glands, the alveolar epithelium of lung and the luminal epithelium of the ductuli efferentes of the epididymis. The only tumours, other than breast, showing a positive reaction with the antibodies were adenocarcinomas of the lung, uterus and ovary.
Clinical and immunologic effects of a PRIMATIZED anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a phase I, single dose, dose escalating trial. (1998)

IDEC-CE9.1 appears to have a benign safety profile and may modulate immune function rather than deplete CD4+ T cells.
Detailed Comparative Mapping of Cereal Chromosome Regions Corresponding to the Ph1 Locus in Wheat (1997)

Detailed physical mapping of markers from rice chromosome 9, and from syntenous (at the genetic level) regions of other cereal genomes, has resulted in rice yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contigs spanning parts of rice 9. This physical mapping, together with comparative genetic mapping, has demonstrated that synteny has been largely maintained between the genomes of several cereals at the level of contiged YACs. Markers located in one region of rice chromosome 9 encompassed by the YAC contigs have exhibited restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using deletion lines for the Ph1 locus. This has allowed demarcation of the region of rice chromosome 9 syntenous with the ph1b and ph1c deletions in wheat chromosome 5B. A group of probes located in wheat homoeologous group 5 and barley chromosome 5H, however, have synteny with rice chromosomes other than 9. This suggests that the usefulness of comparative trait analysis and of the rice genome as a tool to facilitate gene isolation will differ from one region to the next, and implies that the rice genome is more ancestral in structure than those of the Triticeae.
[Follow-up study on the pregnancy of an X-linked dominant Alport syndrome female]. (2007)

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive renal disease characterized by hematuria and progressive renal failure. AS is a clinical and genetic heterogenous disease, X-linked dominant Alport syndrome(XLAS) is the major inheritance form. XLAS females have variable phenotypes, from microscopic hematuria to chronic renal failure. The effects of pregnancy course on pregnant woman and fetus were observed by follow-up study of an XLAS female. Results showed that pregnancy of the XLAS female was complicated by renal function deterioration, and fetal growth restriction. It suggests that the AS female with damaged renal function should be cautious in the choice of pregnancy.
Effects of Two Different Doses of Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth and Blood Amino Acid Levels in Premature Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2007)

Higher doses of amino acid supplementation did not improve neonatal growth and were associated with increased blood amino acid and urea nitrogen levels.
Cyclic olefin copolymer based microfluidic devices for biochip applications: Ultraviolet surface grafting using 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (2012)

This report studies the surface modification of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) monomer using photografting technique for the purpose of biointerface applications, which demonstrate resistance to both protein adsorption and cell adhesion in COC-based microfluidic devices. This is essential because the hydrophobic nature of COC can lead to adsorption of specific compounds from biological fluids in the microchannel, which can affect the results during fluidic analysis and cause clogging inside the microchannel. A correlation was found between the irradiation time and hydrophobicity of the modified substrate. Static water contact angle results show that the hydrophilicity property of the MPC-grafted substrate improves with increasing irradiation time. The contact angle of the modified surface decreased to 20 ± 5° from 88 ± 3° for the untreated substrate. The surface characterization of the modified surface was evaluated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy). Attenuated total reflection-FTIR and XPS results show the presence of the phosphate group (P-O) on modified COC substrates, indicating that the hydrophilic MPC monomer has successfully grafted on COC. Finally, it was demonstrated that cell adhesion and protein adsorption on the MPC modified COC specimen has reduced significantly.
Follow the intellectual property (2010)

How companies pay programmers when they move the related IP rights to offshore taxhavens.
Asimilobin and cis- and trans-Murisolinones, Novel Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenins from the Seeds of Asimina triloba (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsimilobin and cis- and trans-Murisolinones, Novel Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenins from the Seeds of Asimina trilobaMi Hee Woo, Kyung Yol Cho, Yan Zhang, Lu Zeng, Zhe-Ming Gu, and Jerry L. McLaughlinCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1995, 58, 10, 1533–1542Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50124a009https://doi.org/10.1021/np50124a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective carbon-carbon bond formation via transition metal catalysis. 3. A highly selective synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls and diarylmethanes by the nickel- or palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl- and benzylzinc derivatives with aryl halides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective carbon-carbon bond formation via transition metal catalysis. 3. A highly selective synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls and diarylmethanes by the nickel- or palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl- and benzylzinc derivatives with aryl halidesEiichi Negishi, Anthony O. King, and Nobuhisa OkukadoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 10, 1821–1823Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00430a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views8170Altmetric-Citations804LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (401 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent Developments in Isocyanide Based Multicomponent Reactions in Applied Chemistry (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent Developments in Isocyanide Based Multicomponent Reactions in Applied Chemistry†Alexander DömlingView Author Information ABC Pharma, Franckensteinstrasse 9a, 81243 München, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 1, 17–89Publication Date (Web):December 8, 2005Publication History Received10 May 2005Published online8 December 2005Published inissue 1 January 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0505728https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505728research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26357Altmetric-Citations3726LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Amines,Inhibitors,Inorganic carbon compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Modulation of myeloid proliferation and differentiation by monoclonal antibodies directed against a protein that interacts with the interleukin-3 receptor (1992)

Hematopoietic cells can be transformed through the acquisition of autocrine growth factor production. Because of their ability to inhibit autocrine growth, antibodies directed against the growth factor or its receptor may have therapeutic potential. However, these agents may also inhibit normal cell development. We have developed two monoclonal antibodies, 4G8 and 2F2, directed against a protein of 110 to 150 Kd that interacts with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor (R) complex. These antibodies inhibit IL-3-induced proliferation of nonleukemic and leukemic IL-3-dependent cell lines, as well as the autonomous growth of WEHI-3B in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest the possibility that anti-IL-3R antibodies may be useful in the treatment of some leukemias. However, the effect of anti-IL-3R antibodies on normal myeloid development in vitro has not been examined. We examined the effect of 4G8 and 2F2 on the growth in vitro of colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies induced by IL-3, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF). Our results show that while 4G8 and 2F2 inhibited CFU-GM colony formation induced by IL-3, they augmented colony formation induced by the other hematopoietins. 4G8 and 2F2 also enhanced G-CSF-induced proliferation of 32Dc13 and GM-CSF-induced proliferation of PT18, confirming that the effect on CFU-GM was a direct effect. Finally, 4G8 and 2F2 inhibited G-CSF-induced differentiation of 32Dc13, similar to low levels of IL-3; yet, neither 4G8 nor 2F2 blocked binding of G-CSF to its receptor. These results indicate that, in the absence of IL-3 and in the presence of other hematopoietins, 4G8 and 2F2 can function as weak IL-3 agonists. These studies suggest that antibodies such as 4G8 and 2F2, directed against components of the IL-3R, could potentially augment myeloid growth in vivo, rather than inhibit myeloid growth.
Single-shot measurement of the complete spatio-temporal intensity and phase of an ultrashort laser pulse (2006)

We present a very simple, linear, and general technique for measuring the complete electric field, E( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> ), of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a single interferogram containing multiple digital holograms simultaneously recorded at different wavelengths.