gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Liposomes with a Soybean-Derived Sterylglucoside Mixture and Cholesterol for Liver Targeting. (1997)

In this study, we investigated a liposomal formulation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with a soybean-derived sterylglucoside mixture (SG) and cholesterol (Ch) for targeting the liver in mice. We found two distribution profiles of liposomes (reverse-phase evaporation vesicles, REV) in the liver depending on the concentration of Ch and SG in vivo; Ch tends to enhance liposomes containing 10 mol% SG accumulation in the liver, but to decrease those containing 20 mol% SG, and it prolongs the circulation in blood. Dicetylphosphate did not enhance liver targeting by liposomes with SG and Ch. More DPPC/SG/Ch-liposomes (6:1:3) were significantly taken up by cultivated hepatocytes than DPPC/SG/Ch-liposomes (6:0:4), suggesting a glucose residue. The optimal composition for the maximal liver targeting was a mixture of 0.2 micron DPPC/SG/Ch-liposomes (REV) at a molar ratio of 6:1:3. This composition of liposomes was distributed 3 times greater in hepatocytes than non-parenchymal cells 1 h after intravenous injection.
Production of recombinant human colony stimulating factors in yeast. (1988)

Efficient yeast expression and purification systems for production of recombinant human GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF have been established. Though yeast-derived production of recombinant CSFs (through the use of secretion based system) allows for generation of native molecules which can then be readily separated from fermentation broth, in many instances, natural cDNAs have had to be altered to allow for efficient expression, as well as production of a less heterogeneous product. In the case of CSFs described herein, beneficial mutations (made through site-directed mutagenesis) have included elimination of potential N-linked glycosylation sites, removal of KexII protease recognition sites (notably alterations in dibasic sequences) and elimination of extraneous cysteine residues which might complicate isolation of a homogeneous product due to intermolecular disulfide bonding.
High-performance Sagnac interferometer using uncooled detectors for infrared hyperspectral applications (2007)

Results of field testing of a LWIR hyperspectral imager based on a Sagnac interferometer and uncooled microbolometer array are presented. Signal to noise ratios of nearly 1000 are found for 30 bands across the LWIR (8-14 microns) at useful data collection rates (7000 spectra/second). Spectra are compared to those collected simultaneously with a cryogenic LWIR hyperspectral system (U. Hawaii AHI).
Physicochemical properties of mucus and their impact on transmucosal drug delivery (2017)

Mucus is a selective barrier to particles and molecules, preventing penetration to the epithelial surface of mucosal tissues. Significant advances in transmucosal drug delivery have recently been made and have emphasized that an understanding of the basic structure, viscoelastic properties, and interactions of mucus is of great value in the design of efficient drug delivery systems. Mucins, the primary non-aqueous component of mucus, are polymers carrying a complex and heterogeneous structure with domains that undergo a variety of molecular interactions, such as hydrophilic/hydrophobic, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. These properties are directly relevant to the numerous mucin-associated diseases, as well as delivering drugs across the mucus barrier. Therefore, in this review we discuss regional differences in mucus composition, mucus physicochemical properties, such as pore size, viscoelasticity, pH, and ionic strength. These factors are also discussed with respect to changes in mucus properties as a function of disease state. Collectively, the review seeks to provide a state of the art roadmap for researchers who must contend with this critical barrier to drug delivery.
The Salmonella typhi melittin resistance gene pqaB affects intracellular growth in PMA-differentiated U937 cells, polymyxin B resistance and lipopolysaccharide (1999)

Salmonella typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans. A cell-culture based assay involving the human monocyte macrophage cell line U937 has been developed to examine S. typhi invasion and survival. An S. typhi PhoP- (null) mutant was shown to be restricted in net growth in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) differentiated U937 (PMA-U937) cells, and an S. typhi PhoPc (constitutive) mutant showed a defect in invasion. Neither of the phoP/Q mutants were growth impaired in HeLa cells, however the PhoPc mutant was impaired in invasion. As opposed to what was found for S. typhi, Salmonella typhimurium wild-type, PhoP- and PhoPc mutants grew equally well in PMA-U937 cells, indicating that the PhoP(-)-mediated net growth restriction in the PMA-U937 cells was S. typhi specific. An S. typhi mutation, pqaB::MudJ, recently shown to be a PhoP-activated locus, was shown to have a net growth defect in PMA-U937 cells. Sequencing of the S. typhipqaB gene revealed it had 98% identity to the fifth gene in a S. typhimurium PmrA/B regulated operon necessary for 4-aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin B resistance. The pqaB locus was regulated by PmrA/B (whose activity is modulated by PhoP-PhoQ) and the pqaB transposon mutant was sensitive to polymyxin B. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of S. typhi and S. typhimurium wild-type, PhoP- and PhoPc mutants, were compared by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Differences in the LPS profile between the two Salmonella species were observed, and shown to be affected differently by the PhoPc mutation. Additionally, the pqaB::MudJ mutation affected S. typhi LPS. The effects on LPS may have ramifications for the difference between S. typhi and S. typhimurium infection of hosts.
An integrated digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for clinical diagnostics on human physiological fluidsThe Science and Application of Droplets in Microfluidic Devices.Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: five video clips showing: high-speed transport of a droplet of blood across 4 electrodes; sample injection into an on-chip reservoir using an external pipette; droplet formation from an on-chip reservoir using only electrowetting forces; droplets moving in-phase on a 3-phase transport bus; and a pipelined glucose assay, showing sample and reagent droplet formation, mixing, splitting and colorimetric reaction. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/lc/b4/b403341h/ (2004)

Clinical diagnostics is one of the most promising applications for microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, especially in a point-of-care setting. Conventional microfluidic devices are usually based on continuous-flow in microchannels, and offer little flexibility in terms of reconfigurability and scalability. Handling of real physiological samples has also been a major challenge in these devices. We present an alternative paradigm--a fully integrated and reconfigurable droplet-based "digital" microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for clinical diagnostics on human physiological fluids. The microdroplets, which act as solution-phase reaction chambers, are manipulated using the electrowetting effect. Reliable and repeatable high-speed transport of microdroplets of human whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, sweat and tear, is demonstrated to establish the basic compatibility of these physiological fluids with the electrowetting platform. We further performed a colorimetric enzymatic glucose assay on serum, plasma, urine, and saliva, to show the feasibility of performing bioassays on real samples in our system. The concentrations obtained compare well with those obtained using a reference method, except for urine, where there is a significant difference due to interference by uric acid. A lab-on-a-chip architecture, integrating previously developed digital microfluidic components, is proposed for integrated and automated analysis of multiple analytes on a monolithic device. The lab-on-a-chip integrates sample injection, on-chip reservoirs, droplet formation structures, fluidic pathways, mixing areas and optical detection sites, on the same substrate. The pipelined operation of two glucose assays is shown on a prototype digital microfluidic lab-on-chip, as a proof-of-concept.
Metalloproteinases: role in breast carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis (2000)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases. Their primary function is degradation of proteins in the extracellular matrix. Currently, at least 19 members of this family are known to exist. Based on substrate specificity and domain organization, the MMPs can be loosely divided into four main groups: the interstitial collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins and membrane-type MMPs. Recent data from model systems suggest that MMPs are involved in breast cancer initiation, invasion and metastasis. Consistent with their role in breast cancer progression, high levels of at least two MMPs (MMP-2 and stromelysin-3) have been found to correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Because MMPs are apparently involved in breast cancer initiation and dissemination, inhibition of these proteinases may be of value both in preventing breast cancer and in blocking metastasis of established tumours
Concept Review of Genital Herpes Vaccines (1982)

Journal Article Concept Review of Genital Herpes Vaccines Get access William P. Allen, William P. Allen National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred Rapp Fred Rapp National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandHershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 145, Issue 3, March 1982, Pages 413–421, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/145.3.413 Published: 01 March 1982
Spectral Genotyping of Human Alleles (1998)

Using the URL at the end of this item, readers can immediately offer feedback and suggestions on this topic.

Accelerated by the human genome project[[HN1][1]], an increasing number of genetic variations, many as small as a single nucleotide substitution[[HN2][2]], have been found to play a
Miniature Guided Light Array Sequential Scanning Display for Head Mounted Displays. (1998)

Abstract : In Phase I, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) demonstrated the feasibility of Guided Light Array Sequential Scanning (GLASS) display technology for use in low-cost, low-power compact night-vision head mounted displays (HMDs). GLASS is based on a unique combination of three technologies: low-power light emitting diode (LED) arrays; a polymer waveguide array substrate; and liquid crystal micro-optics. POC's display surpasses current HMD displays in terms of size, power, resolution, and speed. This is achieved by direct modulation of high-speed LED arrays to generate line images, and by parallel projection of light through a flexible polymer waveguide array sequentially scanned by means of a liquid crystal output coupler array. Using the MHz speed of LEDs and time-multiplexing, the display is capable of high grayscale and dimming range. The production-phase device will be lightweight, rugged, and compact, and will require little power or maintenance. With its high frame rate and high resolution, it will also reduce time-based and spatial image artifacts.
Effects of beta-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance: the role of beta-lactamase inhibitors. (1991)

Production of beta-lactamase is the most common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Virtually all bacteria have the capability of synthesizing the enzyme. Microorganisms may already possess the native genetic information necessary for beta-lactamase production (i.e., chromosomal), or may acquire the capacity by transfer of DNA from another organism (i.e., plasmid-mediated). The level of beta-lactamase production may be stable and noninducible (constitutive enzyme production), or may be stimulated on exposure to selected beta-lactam antibiotics (inducible enzyme production). Inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and sulbactam prevent antibiotic degradation by the beta-lactamases of many clinically significant pathogens. Therefore, currently available beta-lactam-beta-lactamase-inhibitor combinations exhibit broad spectra of in vitro activity. Ticarcillin-clavulanate possesses clinically significant activity against many bacteria, including streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides fragilis, and numerous Enterobacteriaceae. Amoxicillin-clavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam demonstrate clinically significant activity against streptococci (including enterococci), S. aureus, B. fragilis, and some Enterobacteriaceae. Ticarcillin-clavulanate is indicated for treatment of serious infections, including septicemia. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is useful in the treatment of upper respiratory, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections. Ampicillin-sulbactam may be used for treatment of intraabdominal, gynecologic, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections.
Ubiquitously transcribed genes use alternative polyadenylation to achieve tissue-specific expression (2013)

More than half of human genes use alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (ApA) to generate mRNA transcripts that differ in the lengths of their 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), thus altering the post-transcriptional fate of the message and likely the protein output. The extent of 3' UTR variation across tissues and the functional role of ApA remain poorly understood. We developed a sequencing method called 3'-seq to quantitatively map the 3' ends of the transcriptome of diverse human tissues and isogenic transformation systems. We found that cell type-specific gene expression is accomplished by two complementary programs. Tissue-restricted genes tend to have single 3' UTRs, whereas a majority of ubiquitously transcribed genes generate multiple 3' UTRs. During transformation and differentiation, single-UTR genes change their mRNA abundance levels, while multi-UTR genes mostly change 3' UTR isoform ratios to achieve tissue specificity. However, both regulation programs target genes that function in the same pathways and processes that characterize the new cell type. Instead of finding global shifts in 3' UTR length during transformation and differentiation, we identify tissue-specific groups of multi-UTR genes that change their 3' UTR ratios; these changes in 3' UTR length are largely independent from changes in mRNA abundance. Finally, tissue-specific usage of ApA sites appears to be a mechanism for changing the landscape targetable by ubiquitously expressed microRNAs.
Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices (2009)

In this paper, we explore how to add pointing input capabilities to very small screen devices. On first sight, touchscreens seem to allow for particular compactness, because they integrate input and screen into the same physical space. The opposite is true, however, because the user's fingers occlude contents and prevent precision.
Non-Steroidal Steroid Receptor Modulators (2005)

The last ten years much attention has been focused on the finding of non-steroidal ligands for steroidal nuclear receptors for reasons such as diminishing cross-reactivity to eliminate side effect profiles, changing physicochemical properties which might cause different tissue distribution profiles and altering binding modes which influence the binding of cofactors. Compounds with a selective functionality profile are referred to as selective nuclear receptor modulators (e.g., SARMs or SPRMs). In the following paragraphs non-steroidal ligands which have full or partial agonistic activity will be described for the following receptors: PR, GR, AR, LXR and FXR.
PG-TS: Improved Thompson Sampling for Logistic Contextual Bandits (2018)

We address the problem of regret minimization in logistic contextual bandits, where a learner decides among sequential actions or arms given their respective contexts to maximize binary rewards. Using a fast inference procedure with Polya-Gamma distributed augmentation variables, we propose an improved version of Thompson Sampling, a Bayesian formulation of contextual bandits with near-optimal performance. Our approach, Polya-Gamma augmented Thompson Sampling (PG-TS), achieves state-of-the-art performance on simulated and real data. PG-TS explores the action space efficiently and exploits high-reward arms, quickly converging to solutions of low regret. Its explicit estimation of the posterior distribution of the context feature covariance leads to substantial empirical gains over approximate approaches. PG-TS is the first approach to demonstrate the benefits of Polya-Gamma augmentation in bandits and to propose an efficient Gibbs sampler for approximating the analytically unsolvable integral of logistic contextual bandits.
A Vector That Expresses Secreted Proteins on the Cell Surface (1989)

A new vector, CDM8PI, has been constructed. It was derived from the plasmid expression vector CDM8, which has been used in the epitope-loss mutant isolation technique to map the epitopes on cell-surface proteins. The new vector allows the production of fusion proteins between normally secreted proteins and the membrane anchor moiety from a cell-surface protein, LFA-3, thereby expressing the fusion proteins on the cell surface. The vector extends the application of the epitope-loss mutant isolation technique to secreted proteins. The vector also allows the easy recovery of mutated proteins in unfused forms after the immunoselection and characterization.
[A case of T-cell lymphoma showing multiple nodular shadows and an elevated titer of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody]. (1993)

A 42-year-old man, born in Chiba prefecture, was admitted to our hospital because of multiple nodular shadows on chest X-ray film and an elevated titer of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody. The pulmonary lesion was diagnosed as T-cell lymphoma by open lung biopsy. There has been only one previous report of T-cell lymphoma showing multiple nodular shadows on chest X-ray. The elevated titer of HTLV-I antibody strongly suggested that the present case was one of adult T-cell lymphoma.
Crystallization behavior of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films and the polarization switching effect on film microstructure (1994)

The microstructure of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AES depth profile revealed that the Ti content decreases and the Zr content increases from the bottom through the thickness as a result of the crystallization into perovskite phase. A cross-sectional TEM micrograph showed that the PZT grains are columnar and grow epitaxially from the bottom to the surface. It was also shown that the 2.5-nm-thick interface layer appeared at the top Au electrode-PZT interface after 108 polarization switching cycles, while there was no change at the bottom Pt-PZT interface.
Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the JenaValve system: acute and 30-day results of the multicentre CE-mark study (2012)

Transapical JenaValve™ implantation was safe and effective in the treatment of severe AS in elderly patients at high risk for surgery. Active clip fixation on the native leaflets and anatomically correct feeler-guided positioning led to good functionality and prevented ostial coronary impairment. Implantation without the need for rapid pacing prevented haemodynamic compromise during valve implantation.
The New Feminism (1998)

Where has British feminism gone? Has it retreated into the academy, did it burn out at Greenham Common, has it emigrated to the United States? Natasha Walter discovers that there is a new feminism right here and now in Britain. It is alive and kicking and speaking in the voices of young British women. In defining this new feminism, Natasha Walter celebrates women's growing power, casts aside the dogma of previous generations, and argues that the old adage 'The Personal is Political' does more harm than good. Because above all, this new feminism is frankly materialist. Who cares about how women dress, how they talk, how they make love? First, feminism must deliver political power and economic equality. With tremendous wit, verve and intelligence, THE NEW FEMINISM marks out fresh ground in feminist debate.
Thrombin Primes Responsiveness of Selective Chemoattractant Receptors at a Site Distal to G Protein Activation (1996)

To define the molecular basis of human chemoattractant receptor regulation, rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, which are thrombin-responsive, were transfected to stably express epitope-tagged receptors for C5a, interleukin-8 (IL-8), formylpeptides (e.g. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)), and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Here we demonstrate that both thrombin and a synthetic peptide ligand for the thrombin receptor (sequence SFLLRN) caused phosphorylation and heterologous desensitization of the receptors for C5a, IL-8, and PAF but not that for formylpeptides as measured by agonist-stimulated [35S]guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding to membranes. Consistent with the PAF receptor phosphorylation, both thrombin and thrombin receptor peptide inhibited phosphoinositide hydrolysis, Ca2+ mobilization, and degranulation stimulated by PAF. Unexpectedly, despite heterologous desensitization at the level of receptor/G protein activation, there was enhancement ("priming") by thrombin of subsequent activities stimulated by C5a and IL-8 as well as fMLP. The priming effect of thrombin was blocked by its inhibitor, hirudin. However, two other activators of the thrombin receptor, the peptide SFLLRN and trypsin, stimulated Ca2+ mobilization in RBL-2H3 cells but did not cause priming. In addition, SFLLRN and the thrombin receptor antagonist peptide FLLRN both inhibited thrombin-induced Ca2+ mobilization but not priming. Furthermore, the proteolytically active gamma-thrombin, which does not stimulate the tethered ligand thrombin receptor and caused little or no Ca2+ mobilization in RBL-2H3 cells, effectively primed the response to fMLP. These data demonstrate that heterologous receptor phosphorylation and attenuation of G protein activation are not, by themselves, sufficient for the inhibition of biological responses mediated by C5a and IL-8. Moreover, thrombin appears to utilize mechanism(s) independent of its tethered ligand receptor to selectively prime phospholipase C-mediated biological responses of the C5a, IL-8, and formylpeptide receptors but not PAF. Because C5a, IL-8, and formylpeptide activate phospholipase Cbeta2, whereas PAF stimulates a different phospholipase C, the striking selectivity of thrombin's priming may be mediated via its ability to enhance receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase Cbeta2.
Cloning and sequence of cDNA coding for alpha 1-antitrypsin. (1981)

Recombinant plasmids containing human and baboon cDNA have been screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin, a major serine protease inhibitor present in blood. One plasmid, designated pBa alpha 1a2, was found to contain a cDNA insert of 1352 base pairs coding for the baboon inhibitor. It included 45 nucleotides that code for 15 amino acids present in the amino-terminal signal sequence of the protein, 1182 nucleotides that code for 394 amino acids in the mature protein, a stop codon, and a noncoding region of 76 nucleotides. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of baboon alpha 1-antitrypsin, human antithrombin III, and chicken ovalbumin indicated that these three proteins are about 230% homologous. A second plasmid, designated pH alpha 1a1, was found to contain a human cDNA insert of 306 base pairs. This plasmid coded for 69 amino acids present in the carboxyl-terminal region of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. The human and baboon cDNAs and their amino acid sequences are greater than 96% homologous.