gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conduction Studies in Silicon Nitride: Dark Currents and Photocurrents (1977)

Dark conduction and photoconduction phenomena in amorphous, stoichiometric Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> films incorporated into metal-silicon nitride-silicon (MNS) structures are studied in detail. Results demonstrating the importance of hole conduction in Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> thin films are presented. The importance of trapped space charge injected from the contacts is shown in an analysis of the effects of Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> thickness and the choice of gate metal on conduction. Contact effects that are apparent in the current characteristics of thin Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> layers become dominated by bulk conduction mechanisms as the silicon nitride film increases in thickness. Optical interference effects in photoconduction are used to determine the origin of photocarriers.
Expression of Protein Kinase Regulator Genes in Human Ear and Cloning of a Gamma Subtype of the 14-3-3 Family of Proteins (1997)

We have used oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved regions of protein kinase regulators of 14-3-3 gene family as primers to amplify these genes from cDNAs constructed from the human fetal inner ear. Sequence characterization of clones revealed that the 14-3-3 cDNA library from the fetal inner ear has high abundance of clones encoding a protein kinase regulator (theta subtype), a member of 14-3-3 gene family, and relatively lower abundance of clones for two other members of the gene family. One of these genes is identical to the eta subtype of human 14-3-3 genes; there is no cloned gene for the other subtype in the human 14-3-3 gene family in the nucleic acid data bases. A sequence homology search revealed that the latter shared significant homology with the gamma subtype of the rat 14-3-3 family. On the basis of the sequence data, it appears that this clone represents a human homolog of the rat gamma subtype. The results demonstrate the expression of 14-3-3 genes in the inner ear, characterize a human homolog of the rat gamma subtype of 14-3-3, implicate these proteins in ear development, and indicate the utility of gene family polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for investigating gene expression in specific tissues.
Cyclic Deformation Properties of Shape Memory Polymer of Polyurethane Series. (1992)

The cyclic deformation properties of shape memory polymer of the polyurethane series were investigated experimentally. The main results are summarized as follows. ( 1 ) As thermal cycles progress, the residual strain increases, the recovery strain decreases and the deformation resistance increases. ( 2 ) The recovery strain in the heating proccess under no-stress conditions appears above the glass transition temperature. The temperature at which recovery of strain starts rises with cyclic deformation. ( 3 ) The recovery strain at high temperature increases significantly during the first 10 min when the temperature is kept constant, but varies slightly after that. ( 4 ) The characteristic values in ( 1 ) - ( 3 ) vary significantly in the early cycles, but vary slightly after these cycles. ( 5 ) The strain obtained at low temperature following the predeformation at high temperature does not vary under thermomechanical cycling, which demonstrates the stable shape fixity of the material for cyclic deformation.
Semiconductor-metal hybrid structures as local magnetic-field probes: Magnetoresistance and spatial sensitivity profile (2005)

Tailored nonmagnetic semiconductor-metal hybrid structures exhibit a large magnetoresistance effect in a homogeneous magnetic field. This is the so-called extraordinary magnetoresistance effect. Here, we study numerically the magnetoresistance of such hybrid structures in the inhomogeneous field of a magnetic dot. Surprisingly, the four-point resistance R versus magnetic field B changes its symmetry if compared to the case of a homogeneous field and is strongly dependent on the position of the local magnetic field. Interestingly, the active device area is not defined by the voltage probe separation, but by the positioning of voltage probes and current leads. We find a magnetoresistance effect as large as 18% although only 1∕60 of the device area is subject to a small magnetic field of ±50mT. These results are promising for sensing magnetic-field distributions in the nanoscale regime such as the stray fields of magnetic recording media.
In vivo Anti-Cancer Activity of a Liposomal Nanoparticle Construct of Multifunctional Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor 4-(4’-Hydroxyphenyl)-Amino-6,7-Dimethoxyquinazoline (2010)

The quinazoline derivative 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (WHI-P131/JANEX-1; CAS 202475-60-3) is a dual-function inhibitor of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor kinase. A PEGylated liposomal nanoparticle formulation of GMP-grade WHI-P131 exhibited potent in vivo activity against breast cancer cells. Notably, this therapeutic nanoparticle formulation of GMP-grade WHI-P131 was substantially more effective than the standard chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and gefi tinib against chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer in the MMTV/Neu transgenic mouse model. These experimental results demonstrate that the nanotechnologyenabled delivery of WHI-P131 shows therapeutic potential against breast cancer.
Calreticulin and Calreticulin Fragments Are Endothelial Cell Inhibitors That Suppress Tumor Growth (1999)

Several angiogenesis inhibitors are fragments of larger proteins that are themselves not active as angiogenesis inhibitors. Vasostatin, the N-terminal domain of calreticulin inclusive of amino acids 1-180, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that exerts antitumor effects in vivo. In the present study, we examined whether the full-length calreticulin molecule shares the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of vasostatin. Similar to vasostatin, calreticulin selectively inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, but not cells of other lineages, and suppressed angiogenesis in vivo. When inoculated into athymic mice, calreticulin inhibited Burkitt tumor growth comparably with vasostatin. Calreticulin lacking the N-terminal 1-120 amino acids inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and Burkitt tumor growth in vivo comparably with vasostatin. An internal calreticulin fragment encompassing amino acids 120-180 also inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo comparably with calreticulin and vasostatin. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic activities of vasostatin reside in a domain that is accessible from the full-length calreticulin molecule and localize to calreticulin N-terminal amino acids 120-180. Thus, calreticulin and calreticulin fragments are inhibitors of angiogenesis that directly target endothelial cells, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress tumor growth. This information may be critical in designing targeted inhibitors of pathological angiogenesis that underlies cancer and other diseases.
Hrp Mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola Induces Cell Wall Alterations but Not Membrane Damage Leading to the Hypersensitive Reaction in Lettuce (1995)

Both wild-type (S21-WT) and hrpD- (S21-533) strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola induced the formation of large paramural papillae in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) mesophyll cells adjacent to bacterial colonies. Localized alterations to the plant cell wall included deposition of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, phe-nolics, and callose, and were associated with proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies. Tissue collapse during the hypersensitive reaction caused by S21-WT was associated with electrolyte leakage and rapid accumulation of the phy-toalexin lettucenin A, both of which followed membrane damage indicated by the failure of mesophyll cells to plasmolyze. A few cells lost the ability to plasmolyze after inoculation with S21-533, and low levels of lettucenin A were recorded, but neither leakage of electrolytes nor tissue collapse were detected. Dysfunction of the plasma membrane in cells adjacent to colonies of S21-WT led to extensive vacuolation of the cytoplasm, organelle disruption, and cytoplasmic collapse[mdash]changes unlike those occurring in cells undergoing apoptosis. Strain S21-533 remained viable within symptomless tissue, whereas cells of S21-WT were killed as a consequence of the hypersensitive reaction. Our observations emphasize the subtle coordination of the plant's response occurring at the subcellular level.
Ultrafast Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Application to Real-Time Control of Ultrafast Laser Micromachining Process (2003)

A significant obstacle in ultrafast laser micromachining of multi-layer or heterogeneous micro-structures is the lack of an online diagnostic method to determine which material is being ablated during the material removal process. This problem arises because ultrafast lasers are generally insensitive to the material being processed. One promising technique to address this problem is the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by which the plasma generated during the laser-material interaction can be collected and analyzed to provide information regarding the elemental composition of the mate-rial being ablated. In this work, a real-time feedback control system for the ultrafast laser micromachining process based on the LIBS technique is built. The ultrafast LIBS signal is first characterized to prove the feasibility. Characteristics of spectral emission, temporal evolution, spatial heterogeneity of the ultrafast LIBS signal, effects from laser machining factors, etc., are discussed. Comparison methods for identifying the material emission patterns are then studied. Effective algorithms from the study are implemented into the control system software, SPECOMP, developed in the laboratory. Issues on the real-time control process are discussed. The real-time controlled machining process has then been applied to the machining of micro-structures on thermal sprayed material. Compared to the passive machining process without any such feedback control, SPECOMP system provides several important advantages including less damage to the substrate layer, shortened machining time, and more uniform feature sizes.
Robustness Testing of a Chromatographic Purification Step Used in Recombinant Factor IX Manufacture (1998)

A robustness study was conducted to ensure that a chromatographic step used in the manufacture of recombinant Factor IX (rFIX) had appropriate control limits. Ten variables were tested at upper and lower limits employing a fractional factorial design requiring sixteen runs. The effects of the variables and their interactions on rFIX yield, purity, and composition were assessed by graphical and statistical methods. rFIX yield was affected by coupled elution conditions (pH, conductivity), and a two-way interaction between these variables and coupled wash conditions (pH, volume). rFIX purity was affected by load conditions (pH, conductivity), and elution conditions (pH, conductivity). A subsequent study found the elution conductivity to be the dominant variable; a revised conductivity limit was tested and implemented. rFIX composition was assessed by characterization assays, and was unaffected by the variables tested. This study provides assurance that the step will not fail when operated within the defined process ranges.
Synthesis, Uterotrophic, and Antiuterotrophic Activities of Some Estradiol Derivatives Containing Thiadiazole, Thiazoline, and Thiazolidinone Moieties (1997)

The effect of structural modification on the biological activity of hormones has been studied on five novel series of estradiol analogs bearing a variety of substituents at the 2-position of the steroidal nucleus. The synthesized compounds include 2-[2-(5-substituted amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)vinyl]estradiol 17 beta-acetate 5-9, 2-aroylmethylestradiols 10-12, 2-[2-aryl-2-(substituted thiocarbamoylhydrazono)ethyl]estradiols 13-18 and their cyclic thiazoline 19-24, and thiazolidinone derivatives 25-30. Among the products, the p-hydroxybenzolmethylestradiol 12 exhibited the highest antiestrogenic activity of 63%. It also elicited 34% of the uterotrophic activity of estradiol.
Performance evaluation of intersection warning system using a vehicle traffic and wireless simulator (2005)

This paper presents a three-level intersection warning system (IWS) with a distance-based warning message generator. The performance of the IWS was studied with an integrated vehicle traffic simulator (VTS) and a real-time wireless simulator (WS) for an urban intersection environment. The IWS performance was evaluated from both the system point of view and driver's point of view. The simulation results show that the IWS can significantly reduce both the collision percentage and collision speed. It has been observed that smaller warning message generation intervals can more effectively avoid collisions and lower the collision speed.
Structures of Zinc Finger Domains from Transcription Factor Sp1 (1997)

The carboxyl terminus of transcription factor Sp1 contains three contiguous Cys2-His2 zinc finger domains with the consensus sequence Cys-X2-4-Cys-X12-His-X3-His. We have used standard homonuclear two-dimensional NMR techniques to solve the solution structures of synthetic peptides corresponding to the last two zinc finger domains (Sp1f2 and Sp1f3, respectively) of Sp1. Our studies indicate a classical Cys2-His2 type fold for both the domains differing from each other primarily in the conformation of Cys-X2-Cys (beta-type I turn) and Cys-X4-Cys (beta-type II turn) elements. There are, however, no significant differences in the metal binding properties between the Cys-X4-Cys (Sp1f2) and Cys-X2-Cys (Sp1f3) subclasses of zinc fingers. The free solution structures of Sp1f2 and Sp1f3 are very similar to those of the analogous fingers of Zif268 bound to DNA. There is NMR spectral evidence suggesting that the Arg-Asp buttressing interaction observed in the Zif-268.DNA complex is also preserved in unbound Sp1f2 and Sp1f3. Modeling Sp1-DNA complex by overlaying the Sp1f2 and Sp1f3 structures on Zif268 fingers 1 and 2, respectively, predicts the role of key amino acid residues, the interference/protection data, and supports the model of Sp1-DNA interaction proposed earlier.
Calculate the air-gap magnetic field of tubular permanent magnet linear motor base on equivalent surface current model (2013)

The air-gap magnetic field is an important design parameter for tubular permanent magnet linear motor including surface-mounted PMs (TPMSLM), as it significantly influences the thrust force capability and efficiency. Based on the results indicate that the existing analytical research methods of the air-gap magnetic field is not accurate. This tool has calculated the air-gap magnetic field of the current-carrying coil. Next, the analytic formula of air-gap magnetic field of the motor is derived from the equivalent surface current model. In order to verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed method, we took approximately a TPMSLM to analyse it. The results show that: the analytical method and finite element method to calculate the air-gap magnetic field were both in good agreement. The proposed motor air-gap magnetic field method is quick, effective, and had a high accuracy rate.
Content awareness in a file system interface (1993)

The pile is a new element of the desktop user interface metaphor, designed to support the casual organization of documents. An interface design based on the pile concept suggested uses of content awareness for describing, organizing, and filing textual documents. We describe a prototype implementation of these capabilities, and give a detailed example of how they might appear to the user. We believe the system demonstrates how content awareness can be not only used in a computer filing system, but made an integral part of the user's experience.
Major Abdominal Vascular Trauma—A Unified Approach (1982)

Advances in prehospital emergency care have increased the numbers of patients arriving at the hospital with immediate life-threatening trauma. This is a review of our recent 6-year experience with 161 major abdominal vascular injuries in 123 patients. The distribution by injury site and respective mortality were: 18, aortic (56%); 39, aortic branch (37%); 51, inferior vena cava (39%); 30, inferior vena cava branch (45%); and 23, portal venous system (39%). The overall death rate was 37%. Forty-six patients presented with unobtainable blood pressure and 19 (41%) survived. Left thoracotomy and temporary aortic occlusion were required in the resuscitation of 45 patients; when applied in the emergency department the salvage rate was 7%, and in the operating room, 35%. Forty-four patients had more than one major vascular injury and 17 (39% recovered, compared to a survival rate of 76% with single vascular trauma. Others have emphasized that most deaths from major abdominal vascular injury are a result of hemorrhage. In our study although 89% of mortality was due to bleeding, half occurred after control of the major bleeding sites. These findings suggest that coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis are complicating factors which demand as much attention by the surgeon as the initial resuscitation and operative control classically emphasized.
[Immunisation of spontaneously hypertensive rats against angiotensin I]. (1989)

Immunization against angiotensin I has been considered in comparison with the immunization against renin, in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Among 6 different methods of immunization, two (AI-gluta-LPH and AI-Carbo-LPH coupling) permitted to obtain high levels of antibodies against angiotensin I (higher than 1/10,000), after four injections of 50 micrograms AI at three weeks interval. The titration of the antibodies was realized in radio-immuno-assay (RIA), with the determination of the cross-reactivity with AII by the same method. Characterization of the isotypes and the affinity calculation were realized with the ELISA method. The average level of antibodies is about 1/10,000 to 1/100,000, and the cross reactivity of the antibodies for AII is about 0.1 p. 100 in RIA. In ELISA, the study of the different isotypes shows a good maturation of the immune system with a sharp elevation of the IgG1 and IgG2 alpha isotypes, after 2 or 3 injections. The affinity of the antibodies purified by affinity chromatography is about 10.3 10(-9) M. The weekly measure of the arterial pressure during 6 months does not reveal at any moment a fall of pressure during the immunizations. The average pressure of the immunized group (209.4 +/- 23.8 mmHg, n = 40) is non significantly different from the average pressure of the mock group (208.5 +/- 22.6 mmHg, n = 10).
Multi-target tracking by continuous energy minimization (2011)

We propose to formulate multi-target tracking as minimization of a continuous energy function. Other than a number of recent approaches we focus on designing an energy function that represents the problem as faithfully as possible, rather than one that is amenable to elegant optimization. We then go on to construct a suitable optimization scheme to find strong local minima of the proposed energy. The scheme extends the conjugate gradient method with periodic trans-dimensional jumps. These moves allow the search to escape weak minima and explore a much larger portion of the variable-dimensional search space, while still always reducing the energy. To demonstrate the validity of this approach we present an extensive quantitative evaluation both on synthetic data and on six different real video sequences. In both cases we achieve a significant performance improvement over an extended Kalman filter baseline as well as an ILP-based state-of-the-art tracker.
Substructure formation during pattern transposition from substrate into polymer blend film (2003)

A chemical pattern on a substrate is transposed into thin films of a ternary polymer blend during spin-casting from a common solvent. One of the blend components intercalates at interfaces between the other two phases to reduce their interfacial energy. As a result, an extensive substructure is formed, in addition to domains with pattern periodicity λ. Morphologies with well-ordered lateral domains are created not only when the inherent scale of the phase domains R is comparable to λ (as observed previously) but also for R ∼ λ/2, extending pattern transposition to smaller length scales.
Improvement of catastrophic optical damage level of AlGaInP visible laser diodes by sulfur treatment (1991)

An increase of 70% in the catastrophic optical damage (COD) level of AlGaInP visible laser diodes is achieved by sulfur treatment. From transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive microanalysis, we have confirmed that most of the oxide at the mirror facets is replaced by sulfur after this treatment. It is thought that oxide at the facets introduces surface states which cause the COD, and removal of the oxide by sulfur treatment results in the higher COD level.
Effects of Inhibition of α-CGRP Receptors on Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Dynamics in Conscious Dogs with Chronic Heart Failure (2003)

Whether endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a role in heart failure is unclear. Seven dogs were instrumented with left ventricular (LV) pressure gauges, pacers, coronary occluder and aortic, atrial, and coronary sinus catheters. Hemodynamic recordings and response to alpha-CGRP challenge were obtained for baseline in the conscious state. Rapid pacing (240 beats/min) was then initiated. The coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion after 2 weeks of pacing. After 6 weeks of pacing, LV pressure (-11 +/- 6%), LV dP/dt (-53 +/- 5%), and mean arterial pressure (-15 +/- 4%) decreased (P < 0.01), while left atrial pressure (+19 +/- 3 mm Hg from 7 +/- 1 mm Hg) and heart rate (+53 +/- 16%) increased (P < 0.01). Infusion of the alpha-CGRP receptor antagonist alpha-CGRP[8-37] (30 microg/kg/min, i.v.), which blocked the exogenous alpha-CGRP challenge, did not affect any of these indices. Regional blood flow, as measured by the microsphere technique, in the nonischemic myocardium, as well as cerebral and renal vasculatures were unaltered during the infusion of alpha-CGRP[8-37]. Plasma concentrations of CGRP from both arterial and coronary sinus samples were unchanged after 6 weeks of pacing as compared with control. Thus, we conclude that endogenous alpha-CGRP does not appear to play a major role in the regulation of cardiac and peripheral vascular dynamics in the late stage of heart failure.
In Vivo Evaluation of Plasmid DNA Encoding OP-1 Protein for Spine Fusion (2006)

Bone formation was detected histologically after the percutaneous and open surgical delivery of 25 microg or 500 microg, respectively, of OP-1 plasmid DNA (pVR1055-OP1) and collagen (bone formation = 75% and 50%), but was weaker than that observed after injection of 30 microg of rhOP-1 protein and collagen (bone formation = 100%). Single-level spine fusion was only achieved in groups receiving percutaneous OP-1 protein and collagen (30 microg protein, fusion rate = 100%) or high concentrations of OP-1 protein alone (40 microg protein, 100%), as confirmed through manual palpation, histology, and radiography. CONCLUSIONS.: These data confirm that OP-1 plasmid DNA can successfully generate bone formation in vivo.