gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, reduces intraocular pressure. (1987)

Topical application of Iloprost caused a dose-dependent decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits and ocular hypertensive beagles. In rabbits, the IOP response was biphasic and miosis was observed. In beagles, there was no initial hypertensive phase, and the fall in IOP was more pronounced (up to 37%). In beagles, Iloprost did not influence pupillary diameter. A mild transient hyperemia was noted in both rabbit and beagle eyes. Iloprost led to an increase in the aqueous humor protein concentration in rabbits but not in beagles. The use of artificial tears as vehicle enhanced the effect on intraocular pressure but also aqueous protein in rabbits. The central corneal temperature was increased after application of Iloprost in both rabbits and beagles. In rabbits, tonography revealed an increase in outflow facility during both the hypertensive and the hypotensive phases. Iloprost caused a decrease in mean arterial pressure in beagles; the effect on pulse rate was inconsequential. It is suggested that similar low doses of an analog of Iloprost or carboprostacyclin that does not affect the hemodynamic equilibrium could be of value in the treatment of glaucoma.
Transplantation as a subfield of regenerative medicine (2011)

Interview by Lauren Constable, Commissioning EditorGiuseppe Orlando, MD, PhD, is a research scientist at the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences at the University of Oxford, in quality of Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellow. He obtained his degrees in medicine and general surgery from the Tor Vergata University of Rome (Italy), where he also obtained his PhD in transplant sciences. In addition, he trained at the Liver Unit of the Paul Brousse Hospital (Villejuif, France), at the General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit of the Cliniques Saint Luc (Brussels, Belgium) and at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Winston Salem, NC, USA). He specialized in liver and kidney transplantation, and is currently specializing in engineering and regeneration of transplantable abdominal organs. His main fields of investigation are: minimal immunosuppression and clinical operational tolerance after abdominal organ transplantation; renal, pancreas, liver and intestinal bioengineering; the respinse of the immune system to bioengineered body parts. Dr. Orlando’s main achievements have been in the field of steroid-free immunosuppression, immunosuppression minimization and clinical tolerance after liver transplantation and is on the board and a regular reviewer for a number of journals. He has authored or coauthored several research papers, review articles and book chapters on liver and kidney transplantation and regenerative medicine.
Mechanisms of resistance to ErbB-targeted cancer therapeutics (2008)

The ErbB receptors, such as EGFR, have been intensely pursued as targets for cancer therapeutics. However, a large percentage of patients who are initially responsive to ErbB-targeted therapies experience tumor recurrence and become refractory to therapy. In this issue of the JCI, Guix et al. demonstrate that downregulation of IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and -4, the negative regulators of IGF-I receptor signaling, contributes to the resistance of human squamous cell carcinomas to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib (see the related article beginning on page 2609). Understanding the mechanisms involved in the resistance of some tumors to ErbB-targeted molecules may provide guidelines for developing more efficient therapeutic approaches.
Clostridium phytofermentans sp. nov., a cellulolytic mesophile from forest soil. (2002)

An obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, cellulolytic bacterium, strain ISDgT, was isolated from forest soil. Cells of this isolate stained Gram-negative, despite possessing a Gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure, and were motile, straight rods that formed spherical terminal spores that swelled the sporangium. Cellulose, pectin, polygalacturonic acid, starch, xylan, arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, gentiobiose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, ribose and xylose supported growth. The major end products of fermentation were ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2; formate and lactate were minor products. The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 degrees C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequence comparisons showed that strain ISDgT was related to a group of anaerobes that included Clostridium herbivorans, Clostridium polysaccharolyticum and Clostridium populeti. The G+C content of this strain was 35.9 mol%. On the basis of numerous genotypic and phenotypic differences between strain ISDgT and its close relatives, strain ISDgT is proposed as a novel species in the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium phytofermentans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ISDgT (= ATCC 700394T).
Differential sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates in a human B lymphoma cell line regulates susceptibility for CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis and for infection by a lymphotropic virus (1999)

Sialic acid, as a terminal saccharide residue on cell surface glycoconjugates, plays an important role in a variety of biological processes. In this study, we investigated subclones of the human B lymphoma cell line BJA-B for differences in the glycosylation of cell surface glycoconjugates, and studied the functional implications of such differences. With respect to the expression level of most of the tested B cell-associated antigens, as well as the presence of penultimate saccharide moieties on oligosaccharide chains, subclones were phenotypically indistinguishable. Marked differences among subclones, however, were found in the overall level of glycoconjugate sialylation, involving both alpha-2,6 and alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid residues. Accordingly, subclones were classified as highly- (group I) or hyposialylated (group II). The function of two sialic acid-dependent receptor-mediated processes is correlated with the sialylation status of BJA-B subclones. Susceptibility to and binding of the B lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) was dependent on a high sialylation status of host cells, suggesting that differential sialylation in BJA-B cells can modulate LPV infection via its alpha-2,6-sialylated glycoprotein receptor. CD95-mediated apoptosis, induced by either the human CD95 ligand or a cytotoxic anti-CD95 monoclonal antibody, was drastically enhanced in hyposialylated group II cells. An increase in endogenous sialylation may be one antiapoptotic mechanism that converts tumor cells to a more malignant phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that differential sialylation in a clonal cell line may regulate the function of virus and signal-transducing receptors.
Remote ischaemic postconditioning protects the heart during acute myocardial infarction in pigs (2007)

Remote ischaemic postconditioning is a simple technique to reduce infarct size without the hazards and logistics of multiple coronary artery balloon inflations. This type of conditioning promises clear clinical potential.
Regulation of apoAI processing by procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-1 (2009)

Given the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the world, the search for genetic variations controlling the levels of risk factors associated with the development of the disease continues. Multiple genetic association studies suggest the involvement of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-2 (PCPE2) in modulating HDL-C levels. Therefore biochemical and mechanistic studies were undertaken to determine whether there might be a basis for a role of PCPE2 in HDL biogenesis. Our studies indicate that PCPE2 accelerates the proteolytic processing of pro-apolipoprotein (apo) AI by enhancing the cleavage of the hexapeptide extension present at the N terminus of apoAI. Surface Plasmon Resonance and immunoprecipitation studies indicate that PCPE2 interacts with BMP-1 and pro-apoAI to form a ternary pro-apoAI/BMP-1/PCPE2 complex. The most favorable interaction among these proteins begins with the association of BMP-1 to pro-apoAI followed by the binding of PCPE2 which further stabilizes the complex. PCPE2 resides, along with apoAI, on the HDL fraction of lipoproteins in human plasma supporting a relationship between HDL and PCPE2. Taken together, the findings from our studies identify a new player in the regulation of apoAI post-translational processing and open a new avenue to the study of mechanisms involved in the regulation of apoAI synthesis, HDL levels, and potentially, cardiovascular disease.
Comparative Evaluation of Aloe Vera in the Management of Burn Wounds in Guinea Pigs (1988)

An experimental study was designed using Hartley guinea pigs, who received full-thickness burns covering 3 percent of their body surface area by direct contact with a hot plate. A total of 40 animals were equally divided among four modalities of closed burn wound management as follows: group I: silver sulfadiazine (Silvadine); group II: aloe vera gel extract (Carrington Dermal Wound Gel); group III: salicylic acid cream (aspirin); and group IV: plain gauze occlusive dressing only. The dressings were changed daily, and the size and appearance of each burn wound were recorded until complete healing. On the sixth postburn day, quantitative burn wound cultures were made. The average time to complete healing in the control group was 50 days, and the only significant difference was found in the aloe vera-treated animals, which healed on an average of 30 days (p less than 0.02). Wound bacterial counts were effectively decreased by silver sulfadiazine (p = 0.015) and by aloe vera extract (p = 0.015). From our data it appears that aloe gel extracts permit a faster healing of burn wounds.
Increased Mortality, Postoperative Morbidity, and Cost After Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Patients Having Cardiac Surgery (2007)

Red blood cell transfusion in patients having cardiac surgery is strongly associated with both infection and ischemic postoperative morbidity, hospital stay, increased early and late mortality, and hospital costs.
B7‐H3 promotes acute and chronic allograft rejection (2005)

The B7 homolog B7-H3 is important for the regulation of immune responses though its functions in vivo are controversial. We report the first clinical and experimental data concerning expression and function of B7-H3 in alloresponses. Immunohistological and molecular analyses showed B7-H3 expression by cells mediating rejection of human and mouse allografts. To analyze the significance of B7-H3 in rejecting allografts, we generated B7-H3-/- mice and showed that targeting of B7-H3 was synergistic with other forms of immune modulation; e.g. a regimen of rapamycin gave 12-14 days of survival in wild-type controls but led to permanent cardiac and islet allograft survival in B7-H3-/- mice. Cardiac allografts in treated B7-H3-/- mice showed markedly decreased production of key cytokine, chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA transcripts as compared to wild-type controls. The incidence of chronic rejection in two different cardiac allograft models was also inhibited in B7-H3-/- as compared to wild-type recipients. Lastly, in addition to the expected antigen-presenting cell expression of B7-H3, CD4 and CD8 T cells showed B7-H3 induction upon cell activation, and both dendritic cell- and T cell-expressed B7-H3 each enhanced T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that B7-H3 promotes T cell-mediated immune responses and the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection.
Methylation Markers of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

We have identified a set of genes with altered methylation in NSCLC and found that a minority of them showed an inverse correlation with gene expression levels. We also found a set of genes that associated with the survival of the patients. These newly-identified marker candidates for the molecular screening of NSCLC will need further analysis in order to determine their clinical utility.
Stereoselective effects of the enantiomers of bupivacaine on the electrophysiological properties of the guinea‐pig papillary muscle (1991)

1 Direct myocardial effects of the S(-)- and R(+)-enantiomers of bupivacaine were compared in the guinea-pig isolated papillary muscle by recording transmembrane action potentials with the standard microelectrode technique. 2 In 5.4 mM K+, at a stimulation rate of 1 Hz, the maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax) was reduced to 59.9 +/- 1.4% (n = 10) of control (mean +/- s.e.mean) in the presence of 10 microM R(+)-bupivacaine, and to 76.7 +/- 1.2% (n = 14) in the presence of the same concentration of S(-)-bupivacaine. This was mainly due to a difference in time constant at which block dissipated during the diastolic period. Recovery was slower in the presence of R(+)-bupivacaine. The slower recovery in the presence of R(+)-bupivacaine resulted also in a more pronounced frequency-dependent block of Vmax. 3 Time constants for recovery from use-dependent block became significantly faster for both enantiomers on hyperpolarization, while no significant change was observed at depolarization. At all membrane potentials recovery was slower in the presence of R(+)-bupivacaine. 4 The action potential duration (APD) was shortened to a greater extent in the presence of R(+)-bupivacaine over a large range of stimulation frequencies. 5 We conclude that S(-)-bupivacaine affects Vmax and APD in the guinea-pig papillary muscle less than the R(+)-enantiomer at different rates of stimulation and resting membrane potentials.
Incomplete phase conjugation through a random phase screen II Numerical simulations (1996)

We present results of numerical simulations of incomplete phase conjugation of a beam aberrated by a thin phase screen. We find good agreement with a previously developed theory for phase screens with Gaussian autocorrelation functions and investigate some regimes in which the theory is not valid. We show that when the phase conjugation is incomplete, introduction of an aberrator can lead to an improvement in the system resolution.
A Factorial Trial of Six Interventions for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (2004)

Because antiemetic interventions are similarly effective and act independently, the safest or least expensive should be used first. Prophylaxis is rarely warranted in low-risk patients, moderate-risk patients may benefit from a single intervention, and multiple interventions should be reserved for high-risk patients.
Large-scale synthesis of NbS2 nanosheets with controlled orientation on graphene by ambient pressure CVD (2013)

We report ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of single-crystalline NbS2 nanosheets with controlled orientation. On Si and SiO2 substrates, NbS2 nanosheets grow almost perpendicular to the substrate surface. However, when we apply transferred CVD graphene on SiO2 as a substrate, NbS2 sheets grow laterally lying on the graphene. The NbS2 sheets show the triangular and hexagonal shapes with a thickness of about 20-200 nm and several micrometres in the lateral dimension. Analyses based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the NbS2 nanosheets are single crystalline 3R-type with a rhombohedral structure of R3m space group. Our findings on the formation of highly aligned NbS2 nanosheets on graphene give new insight into the formation mechanism of NbS2 and would contribute to the templated growth of various layered materials.
Restoration of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function in Elderly Subjects by Thymomodulin (1994)

Senescence is a specific physiological evolution of human beings associated with a reduction in the functionality of several apparatuses, including the immune system. Thymomodulin (TMD) contains thymus polypeptides (< 10,000 D) and it has been used in a variety of disorders associated with defective immunological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs) phagocytosis and oxidative burst of a 6-week treatment with 160 mg/day TMD orally in elderly subjects (85.5 +/- 9.7 years). Elderly subjects have impaired PMN phagocytosis and the following release of oxidant radicals. Treatment with TMD for 6 weeks had a restoring effect; phagocytosis and the phagocytic index were significantly improved, with increases of 132.6% and 112.5%. These findings indicate that TMD might be given to enhance the immunodefenses of immunocompromised elderly subjects. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was increased by 15.6%, which was not significant, indicating a different response between phagocytosis and release of oxidant radicals.
Nucleotide sequence and genetic characterization reveal six essential genes for the LIV-I and LS transport systems of Escherichia coli. (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the high affinity, branched-chain amino acid transport systems LIV-I and LS has been determined. Seven genes are present on a 7568-base pair DNA fragment, six of which participate directly in branched-chain amino acid transport. Two periplasmic amino acid-binding proteins are encoded by the livJ (LIV-BP) and livK (LS-BP) genes. These two proteins confer specificity on the LIV-I and LS transport systems. livK is the first gene in a polycistronic message that includes four genes encoding membrane components, livHMGF. The protein products of the livHMGF genes are shared by the two systems. An analysis of the livH and livM DNA sequences suggests that they encode hydrophobic proteins capable of spanning the membrane several times. The LivG and LivF proteins are less hydrophobic, but are also tightly associated with the membrane. Both LivG and LivF contain the consensus sequence for adenine nucleotide binding observed in many other transport proteins. A deletion strain that does not express any of the liv genes was constructed. This strain was used to show that each of the membrane component genes is required for high affinity leucine transport, including two genes, livM and livF, for which no previous genetic evidence had been obtained.
Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system (2009)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated CRISPR-associated sequence (CAS) proteins constitute a novel antiviral defence system that is widespread in prokaryotes. Repeats are separated by spacers, some of them homologous to sequences in mobile genetic elements. Although the whole process involved remains uncharacterized, it is known that new spacers are incorporated into CRISPR loci of the host during a phage challenge, conferring specific resistance against the virus. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that such interference is based on small RNAs carrying a spacer. These RNAs would guide the defence apparatus to foreign molecules carrying sequences that match the spacers. Despite this essential role, the spacer uptake mechanism has not been addressed. A first step forward came from the detection of motifs associated with spacer precursors (proto-spacers) of Streptococcus thermophilus, revealing a specific recognition of donor sequences in this species. Here we show that the conservation of proto-spacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) is a common theme for the most diverse CRISPR systems. The PAM sequence depends on the CRISPR-CAS variant, implying that there is a CRISPR-type-specific (motif-directed) choice of the spacers, which subsequently determines the interference target. PAMs also direct the orientation of spacers in the repeat arrays. Remarkably, observations based on such polarity argue against a recognition of the spacer precursors on transcript RNA molecules as a general rule.
The biosynthesis of phenols. 5. The relationships of some phenolic metabolites of mutants of Aspergillus terreus Thom, I.M.I. 16043 (1964)

Ultraviolet-absorption spectra were measured in ethanol with a Unicam SP. 500 or an Optica CF 4 recording spectro- photometer. Infrared-absorption spectra were measured in potassium bromide disks with a Perkin-Elmer Infracord spectrometer. Melting points were measured on a Kofler block and are uncorrected. Isotopically labelled com- pounds were purchased from The Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, Bucks.
Differential long-term effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) growth hormone (GH), and IGF-I plus GH on body growth and IGF binding proteins in hypophysectomized rats. (1996)

The long-term effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) and GH (rhGH) on body growth and the IGF-I/IGF binding protein (IGFBP)/acid-labile subunit (ALS) axis were investigated in hypophysectomized (hypox) rats given excipient, rhIGF-I (2 mg/kg.day s.c., minipumps), rhGH (2 mg/kg.day, s.c., daily injections), or rhIGF-I plus rhGH for 28 days. The relative growth-promoting activity of the treatments was rhGH plus rhIGF-I more than rhGH more than rhIGF-I. Weight gain induced by rhIGF-I progressively declined after 4 days, compared with a more maintained effect of rhGH. At day 28, growth responses did not correlate with serum IGF-I levels [rhGH plus rhIGF-I (492 +/- 140) > rhIGF-I (322 +/- 75) > rhGH (85 +/- 26) > control (39 +/- 7 ng/ml)]. Serum ALS concentrations in hypox rats were remarkably low (0.42 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml) but were restored toward normal by rhGH (12.55 +/- 4.78) or rhGH plus rhIGF-I (12.85 +/- 6.64) but not by rhIGF-I alone (0.85 +/- 0.25). Antibodies against rhGH were present at day 28, with titer being negatively related to weight gain, IGF-I, and ALS levels. All treatments increased serum IGFBP-3. The molecular size distribution of IGFBP-3 in rhGH-treated rats was similar to that of normal rats (IGFBP-3 in the 150K mol wt range), due to rhGH increasing serum ALS, but was altered by rhIGF-I (IGFBP-3 in the 200-300K and 44K mol wt range). In a GH-deficient animal, restoring the IGF/IGFBP-3/ALS axis towards normal is associated with greater growth promotion.
Vibrio natriegens , a new genomic powerhouse (2016)

Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized biomedical research with continual innovations advancing the speed and throughput of molecular biology. Nearly all these tools, however, are reliant on Escherichia coli as a host organism, and its lengthy growth rate increasingly dominates experimental time. Here we report the development of Vibrio natriegens , a free-living bacteria with the fastest generation time known, into a genetically tractable host organism. We systematically characterize its growth properties to establish basic laboratory culturing conditions. We provide the first complete Vibrio natriegens genome, consisting of two chromosomes of 3,248,023 bp and 1,927,310 bp that together encode 4,578 open reading frames. We reveal genetic tools and techniques for working with Vibrio natriegens . These foundational resources will usher in an era of advanced genomics to accelerate biological, biotechnological, and medical discoveries.