gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cetuximab-Induced Anaphylaxis and IgE Specific for Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose (2008)

In most subjects who had a hypersensitivity reaction to cetuximab, IgE antibodies against cetuximab were present in serum before therapy. The antibodies were specific for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose.
Hydrogen diffusion inGaAs1−xNx (2009)

Hydrogen (or deuterium) incorporation in dilute nitride semiconductors modifies dramatically the electronic and structural properties of the crystal through the creation of nitrogen-hydrogen complexes. In this work, we investigate how the formation and dissociation of such complexes rule the diffusion of deuterium in ${\text{GaAs}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{N}}_{x}$. The concentration depth profile of deuterium is determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry under a wide range of experimental conditions that comprise different N concentrations ($x=0.09%$, 0.40%, 0.70%, and 1.5%) and D irradiation temperatures (${T}_{\text{D}}=200$, 250, 300 and $350\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$). The experimental data are successfully reproduced by a diffusion model in the presence of strong D trapping. In particular, the deuterium diffusion and capture rate coefficients are determined, and a minimum decay length of the deuterium forefront is found at low ${T}_{\text{D}}$ $(&lt;250\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C})$ and high $x$ $(&gt;0.7%)$. These parameters set the experimental conditions within which a nanostructuring of the physical properties of ${\text{GaAs}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{N}}_{x}$ is attainable.
Association of treatment-resistant chronic Lyme arthritis with HLA-DR4 and antibody reactivity to OspA and OspB of Borrelia burgdorferi (1993)

Chronic Lyme arthritis that is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased frequency of the HLA-DR4 specificity. To determine whether the immune response to a particular polypeptide of Borrelia burgdorferi may be associated with treatment-resistant chronic Lyme arthritis, we correlated the clinical courses and HLA-DR specificities of 128 patients with Lyme disease with their antibody responses to spirochetal polypeptides. Antibody reactivity was determined by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with sonicated whole B. burgdorferi and recombinant forms of its outer surface proteins, OspA and OspB, as the antigen preparations. Of 15 patients monitored for 4 to 12 years, 11 (73%) developed strong immunoglobulin G responses to both OspA and OspB near the beginning of prolonged episodes of arthritis, from 5 months to 7 years after disease onset. When single serum samples from 80 patients with Lyme arthritis, were tested, 57 (71%) showed antibody reactivity to recombinant Osp proteins; in contrast, none of 43 patients who had erythema migrans or Lyme meningitis (P < 0.00001) and 1 of 5 patients who had chronic neuroborreliosis but who never had arthritis (P = 0.03) showed antibody reactivity to these proteins. Among the 60 antibiotic-treated patients with Lyme arthritis, those with the HLA-DR4 specificity and Osp reactivity had arthritis for a significantly longer time after treatment than those who lacked Osp reactivity (median duration, 9.5 versus 4 months; P = 0.009); a similar trend was found for the HLA-DR2 specificity. For other HLA-DR specificities, arthritis resolved within a median duration of 2 months in both Osp-reactive and nonreactive patients. We conclude that the combination of the HLA-DR4 specificity and OspA or OspB reactivity is associated with chronic arthritis and the lack of a response to antibiotic therapy.
Red blood cell porphobilinogen deaminase in the evaluation of acute intermittent porphyria (1987)

We measured the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase in red blood cells of 222 persons. Ninety-seven of 107 patients with acute intermittent porphyria had enzyme activity below the normal range, whereas 55 of 56 patients with other types of porphyria had normal activity. This underscores the utility of this test in confirming the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. Measurement of enzyme activity in 41 families with acute intermittent porphyria demonstrated that deficient activity is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Many latent carriers of the genetic defect were identified by family studies, permitting appropriate precautions to avoid potentially lethal porphyric attacks. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:60-61)
Evaluation of Electronic Interaction Matrix Elements for Photoinduced Electron Transfer Processes within Mixed-Valence Complexes (1997)

The photochemical properties of “alkane-bridged” binuclear complexes, [(bec)2RuII(L-Cn-L)RuII/III(bpy)2]4+/5+ (where bec = 4,4‘-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine, bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine, and n = 3, 4, 5, 10) and [(dmb)2RuII(L-Cn-L)OsII/III(Lα)2]4+/5+ (where dmb = 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridine, Lα = bpy or dmb and n = 3, 4, 5), in which the bridging ligand (L-Cn-L) was made of two [2-(2-pyridyl)-1-benzimidazolyl] groups (L) linked by an alkane chain, have been investigated using time-resolved nano- and picosecond laser spectroscopy. In the Ru(II)−Os(II) binuclear complexes, a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state of the Ru(II) moiety, (3CT)Ru, was quenched by (3CT)Ru → Os(II) energy transfer. The intramolecular energy transfer rates for n = 3, 4, and 5 are well understood by assuming the Förster-type mechanism provided that the methylene chains are in a nearly extended form. In the mixed-valence binuclear complexes, Ru(II)−M(III) (M = Ru or Os), the decay of the (3CT)Ru excited state was accelerated by electron transfer (ET) to the adjacent M(III) site giving the valence-isomer state, Ru(III)−M(II), which decayed to the ground state of the original form via back ET. Forward ET rates (ket) have been determined from the decay rate of the (3CT)Ru excited state (kes) and the production yields of Ru(III)−M(II), φet, and back ET rates (kb) were obtained from the decay of Ru(III)−M(II). The value of φet (≤0.5 ± 0.1) decreases along with the decreasing number of methylene groups or temperature, indicating the existence of another process quenching the (3CT)Ru excited state. From the temperature dependence of ket and kb, the electronic interaction matrix elements (Hrp) have been estimated using a nonadiabatic ET theory. Hrp for the forward ET process was found to be enhanced by a factor of 2 in the compounds in which the excited electron locates on the bridging ligand in [(dmb)2RuII(L-Cn-L)OsIII(Lα)2]5+ compared to that for [(bec)2RuII(L-Cn-L)RuIII(bpy)2]5+ (n = 4, 5) in which the electron locates on the remote ligands. On the other hand, the matrix elements for back ET were found to be the same in either case, independent of metal ions and remote ligands.
Cascaded Over- and Under-Coupled Resonators (COUR): Reducing group delay dispersion and overcoming the sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off (2008)

Cascaded over- and under-coupled resonators (COUR) result in slow light followed by fast light. COUR can be used as a notch filter and phase modulator that overcomes the trade-offs of extinction-ratio—group-delay and sensitivity—bandwidth.
The pyridinone-methide elimination (2009)

The quinone-methide elimination is a common, efficient methodology used in linkers designed to undergo self-fragmentation. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate this elimination in a pyridine ring system. Under physiological conditions, a compound constructed of a pyridine core, a reporter, and an enzymatic trigger underwent significantly faster 1,4-elimination than its parent compound with a benzene core. In addition, an AB(2) self-immolative dendron based on a pyridine core released its two reporter units upon activation through 1,6- and 1,4 pyridinone-methide elimination reactions, again faster than the analogous benzene system. Increased aqueous solubility was observed with compounds based on pyridine relative to those based on benzene. The pyridinone-methide elimination could be applied as an alternative tool in designing self-immolative linkers for release of active target molecules in an aqueous environment.
Validation of a 16-Locus Fluorescent Multiplex System (2002)

STR multiplexes have been indispensable for the efficient genotyping of forensic samples. The PowerPlex 16 System contains the coreCODIS loci, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, THOI, TPOX, vWA, the sex determinant locus, amelogenin, and two pentanucleotide STR loci, Penta D and Penta E. This multiplex satisfies the locus requirements for most national databases and is the most efficient currently available system due to its single PCR amplification. To provide the groundwork for judicial acceptance, including the publication of primer sequences, and to evaluate laboratory-to-laboratory variation, a developmental validation for casework on this commercially available system was performed in 24 laboratories and produced the following conclusions. Amplification was reliable on a variety of thermal cyclers and product could be analyzed on either an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer or an ABI PRISM 377 DNA Sequencer. Genotyping using single source samples was consistent between 0.25 and 2 ng of input DNA template with a few laboratories obtaining complete genotypes at 0.0625 ng. However, heterozygote allele imbalance (<60% peak height balance) caused by stochastic effects was observed at a rate of 13% with 0.125 ng DNA and 22% at 0.0625 ng DNA. Mixture analyses were done using a total of 1 ng of DNA template. Most alleles were detected in mixtures of 4 to 1 and some minor alleles were detected in mixtures of 19 to 1. Optimum amplification cycle number was dependent on the sensitivity of the detection instrument used and could also be adjusted to accommodate larger amounts of DNA on solid supports such as FTA paper. Reaction conditions including volume, annealing temperature, and concentrations of primer, AmpliTaq Gold, and magnesium were shown to be optimal yet robust enough to withstand moderate variations without affecting genotype analysis. Environmental, matrix and standard source analyses revealed an ability to obtain complete genotypes in all sample types except those exposed to 80 degrees C for 12-48 days. Finally, comparison of genotype results from the PowerPlex 16 System with other commercially available systems on non-probative reference and forensic samples showed consistent results.
β-catenin signalling modulates proliferative potential of human epidermal keratinocytes independently of intercellular adhesion (1999)

We found that cultured human keratinocytes with high proliferative potential, the putative epidermal stem cells, expressed a higher level of noncadherin-associated beta-catenin than populations enriched for keratinocytes of lower proliferative potential. To investigate the physiological significance of this, a series of beta-catenin constructs was introduced into keratinocytes via retroviral infection. Full-length beta-catenin and a mutant containing only nine armadillo repeats had little effect on proliferative potential in culture, the full-length protein being rapidly degraded. However, expression of stabilised, N-terminally truncated beta-catenin increased the proportion of putative stem cells to almost 90% of the proliferative population in vitro without inducing malignant transformation, and relieved the differentiation stimulatory effect of overexpressing the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain. Conversely, beta-catenin lacking armadillo repeats acted as a dominant negative mutant and stimulated exit from the stem cell compartment in culture. The positive and negative effects of the beta-catenin mutants on proliferative potential were independent of effects on cell-cycle kinetics, overt terminal differentiation or intercellular adhesion, and correlated with stimulation or inhibition of transactivation of a TCF/LEF reporter in basal keratinocytes. We conclude that the elevated level of cytoplasmic beta-catenin in those keratinocytes with characteristics of epidermal stem cells contributes to their high proliferative potential.
Oxytetracycline in the treatment of ocular rosacea: a double-blind trial. (1982)

Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea were admitted to a trial of systemic oxytetracycline, 250 mg b.d. for 6 weeks. Oxytetracycline produced a significantly higher number of remissions than the placebo, 11/35. With repeated or continuous treatment 19/35 patients achieved a sustained remission for 8 months. There were no side effects. The nonspecific signs of ocular rosacea responded well to the treatment, but no permanent change in the conjunctival or corneal vascularisation occurred.
Fluorinated Phenylcyclopropylamines. 1. Synthesis and Effect of Fluorine Substitution at the Cyclopropane Ring on Inhibition of Microbial Tyramine Oxidase (2004)

Two series of diastereopure phenylcyclopropylamine analogues, 2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamines and 2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylalkylamines, as well as 2-fluoro-1-phenylcyclopropylamines and 2-fluoro-1-phenylcyclopropylmethylamines, were synthesized in order to study the effects of fluorine substitution on monoamine oxidase inhibition. Inhibitory activity was assayed using commercially available microbial tyramine oxidase. Characterization of tyramine oxidase, carried out prior to the inhibition experiments, confirmed earlier suggestions that this enzyme is a semicarbazide-sensitive copper-containing monoamine oxidase. The most potent competitive inhibitor was trans-2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine, which had an IC(50) value 10 times lower than that of the nonfluorinated compound, tranylcypromine. 2-Fluoro-1-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine was found to be a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of tyramine oxidase. The presence of a free amino group, directly bonded to the cyclopropane ring, and a fluorine atom in a relationship cis to the amino group were structural features that increased tyramine oxidase inhibition.
High resolution imaging of photosynthetic activities of tissues, cells and chloroplasts in leaves (2001)

Through imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence, it is possible to produce parameterized fluorescence images that estimate the operating quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and which can be used to reveal heterogeneous patterns of photosynthetic performance within leaves. The operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry is dependent upon the effective absorption cross-section of the light-harvesting system of PSII and the photochemical capacity of PSII. The effective absorption cross-section is decreased by the process of down-regulation, which is widely thought to operate within the pigment matrices of PSII and which results in non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. The photochemical capacity is non-linearly related to the proportion of PSII centres in the 'open' state and results in photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Examples of heterogeneity of the operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry during the induction of photosynthesis in maize leaves and in the chloroplast populations of stomatal guard cells of a leaf of Tradescantia albifora are presented, together with analyses of the factors determining this heterogeneity. A comparison of the operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry within guard cells and adjacent mesophyll cells of Commelina communis is also made, before and after stomatal closure through a change in ambient humidity.
Dynamin Is Required for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Infection (1999)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors for gene therapy of inherited disorders have demonstrated considerable potential for molecular medicine. Recent identification of the viral receptor and coreceptors for AAV type 2 (AAV-2) has begun to explain why certain organs may demonstrate higher efficiencies of gene transfer with this vector. However, the mechanisms by which AAV-2 enters cells remain unknown. In the present report, we have examined whether the endocytic pathways of rAAV-2 are dependent on dynamin, a GTPase protein involved in clathrin-mediated internalization of receptors and their ligands from the plasma membrane. Using a recombinant adenovirus expressing a dominant-inhibitory form of dynamin I (K44A), we have demonstrated that rAAV-2 infection is partially dependent on dynamin function. Overexpression of mutant dynamin I significantly inhibited AAV-2 internalization and gene delivery, but not viral binding. Furthermore, colocalization of rAAV and transferrin in the same endosomal compartment provides additional evidence that clathrin-coated pits are the predominant pathway for endocytosis of AAV-2 in HeLa cells.
Local entrainment of oscillatory activity induced by direct brain stimulation in humans (2017)

In a quest for direct evidence of oscillation entrainment, we analyzed intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings obtained during intracranial electrical stimulation in a cohort of three medication-resistant epilepsy patients tested pre-surgically. Spectral analyses of non-epileptogenic cerebral sites stimulated directly with high frequency electrical bursts yielded episodic local enhancements of frequency-specific rhythmic activity, phase-locked to each individual pulse. These outcomes reveal an entrainment of physiological oscillatory activity within a frequency band dictated by the rhythm of the stimulation source. Our results support future uses of rhythmic stimulation to elucidate the causal contributions of synchrony to specific aspects of human cognition and to further develop the therapeutic manipulation of dysfunctional rhythmic activity subtending the symptoms of some neuropsychiatric conditions.
Topographical changes in extracellular matrix: Activation of TLR4 signaling and solid tumor progression. (2013)

The relationship between cancer progression and chronic inflammation is well documented but poorly understood. The innate immune system has long been recognized as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. More recently, endogenous molecules released from tissue matrix (Damage Associated Molecular Patterns [DAMPs]) following tissue injury or periods of active matrix remodeling have also been identified as regulators of innate immunity. DAMPs have been identified as ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of cell-surface proteins which regulate the immune response. TLRs have been identified on resident tissue cells as well as most tumor cells. Therefore, dysregulation of the innate immune response secondary to biochemical and mechanical driven changes in the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment may be a critical component of the chronic inflammation associated with tumor progression. Here we review the role of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived DAMPS in the activation of TLR4 signaling in the context of tumor progression. We also explore the various types of topographical changes that can lead to ECM-derived DAMPs and their contribution to TLR4 activation.
Regulation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Protein Expression by Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium (2005)

Endothelial XO and XDH expression are strongly dependent on H2O2 and calcium. Stimulation of XDH conversion to XO may represent a feed-forward mechanism whereby H2O2 can stimulate further production of ROS.
Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of cynomolgus monkey cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Inverse correlation between hepatic cholesteryl ester transfer protein mRNA levels and plasma high density lipoprotein levels. (1991)

A cDNA clone containing the coding region for cynomolgus monkey cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) was isolated by the polymerase chain reaction with primers based on the human CETP cDNA sequence and cDNA synthesized from liver poly (A+) RNA. Analysis of that cDNA indicated that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of cynomolgus monkey CETP were greater than 95% homologous with the human sequences. A fragment of the cDNA was used to develop an internal-standard/RNAse protection assay that allowed precise quantification of CETP mRNA levels. Analysis of total RNA from various tissues with this assay revealed that the liver and thoracic aorta expressed high levels of CETP mRNA; the mesenteric fat, adrenal gland, spleen, and abdominal aorta had low but detectable levels of the mRNA; and the brain, kidney, intestine, and skeletal muscle had undetectable levels of that mRNA. When the monkeys were made hypercholesterolemic by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, hepatic levels of CETP mRNA increased from 1.6 +/- 0.4 pg/micrograms total RNA (mean +/- SEM) to 4.1 +/- 0.8 pg/micrograms (p less than 0.005); mesenteric fat CETP mRNA increased from 0.4 +/- 0.1 pg/micrograms total RNA to 5.3 +/- 2.2 pg/micrograms (p less than 0.05); and plasma CET activity increased approximately fourfold. The CETP mRNA levels in the thoracic and abdominal aortas were not significantly increased in monkeys fed the HFHC diet, even though those animals had gross atherosclerosis. The apoprotein E mRNA levels, however, were markedly increased in the aortas of monkeys with atherosclerosis, with the largest increase occurring in the abdominal aorta. Taken together, these data suggest that lipid deposition in the artery was not accompanied by increased expression of the CETP gene in that tissue. Statistical analysis showed that a strong, negative correlation existed between hepatic CETP mRNA levels and both high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.85, p less than 0.001) and apoprotein A-I (r = -0.84, p less than 0.001). These data suggest that HFHC diet-induced changes in high density lipoprotein metabolism may be linked to altered expression of a function CETP gene.
Isolation and sequence of the cDNA for human protein S, a regulator of blood coagulation. (1986)

Protein S is a cofactor of activated protein C; together they function as a regulator of blood coagulation. A human liver cDNA library constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt11 was screened with DNA fragments from a full-length bovine cDNA clone encoding protein S. Several cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced. The combined cDNA sequences encoded the mature protein and 15 residues of the leader sequence when compared to bovine protein S. Human protein S is a single-chain protein consisting of 635 amino acids with 82% homology to bovine protein S. After an NH2-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region, there is a short region with thrombin-sensitive bond(s), followed by a region with four repeat sequences that are homologous to the precursor of mouse epidermal growth factor. In contrast to the other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins, the COOH-terminal portion of human protein S does not show any resemblance to serine proteases.
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): studying nondisjunction and meiotic recombination by using cytogenetic and molecular polymorphisms that span chromosome 21. (1988)

By combining molecular and cytogenetic techniques, we demonstrated the feasibility and desirability of a comprehensive approach to analysis of nondisjunction for chromosome 21. We analyzed the parental origin and stage of meiotic errors resulting in trisomy 21 in each of five families by successfully using cytogenetic heteromorphisms and DNA polymorphisms. The 16 DNA fragments used to detect polymorphisms spanned the length of the long arm and detected recombinational events on nondisjoined chromosomes in both maternal meiosis I and maternal meiosis II errors. The meiotic stage at which errors occurred was determined by sandwiching the centromere between cytogenetic heteromorphisms on 21p and an informative haplotype constructed using two polymorphic DNA probes that map to 21q just below the centromere. This study illustrates the necessity of combining cytogenetic polymorphisms on 21p with DNA polymorphisms spanning 21q to determine (1) the source and stage of meiotic errors that lead to trisomy 21 and (2) whether an association exists between nondisjunction and meiotic recombination.