gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new atomic frequency standard: the coherent population trapping Cs maser (2002)

Recent studies have shown the feasibility of a Cs maser without population inversion based on the coherent population trapping phenomenon. Among the main advantages of this type of frequency standard are size, simplicity of implementation, virtual absence of first order light shift and the availability of a low noise microwave signal leading to the realization of a standard with an excellent short term frequency stability.
A blended hazard identification approach to support intelligent diagnosis in process systems (2009)

In spite of the advances in hazard identification (HAZID) and fault diagnosis, process system failures and major industrial accidents continue to occur.
Comparison of four commercially available rapid enzyme immunoassays with cytotoxin assay for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin(s) from stool specimens (1994)

Rapid (2.5- to 3.5-h) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxins have been developed. We report the results of simultaneous testing of 700 fresh stool specimens by the tissue culture cytotoxin assay and four EIAs (Bartels Prima System C. difficile Toxin A EIA, Cambridge Biotech Cytoclone A+B EIA, Meridian Diagnostics Premier C. difficile Toxin A EIA, and TechLab C. difficile Tox-A Test EIA). In cases of disagreement, culturing for toxigenic C. difficile was performed. A total of 61 (8.7%) specimens from 46 patients were positive for C. difficile toxin. The sensitivity of the cytotoxin assay was 87%, and that of culture was 93%. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay results, the sensitivity and specificity of the EIAs were as follows: Bartels, 87 and 96%; Cambridge, 89 and 99%; Meridian, 87 and 98%; and TechLab, 87 and 95%, respectively. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay plus toxigenic culture results, the sensitivity and specificity of the EIAs were as follows: Bartels, 84 and 97%; Cambridge, 85 and 99%; Meridian, 79 and 98%; and TechLab, 80 and 96%, respectively. The EIAs varied in positive predictive values (PPVs). A high PPV was seen with the Cambridge EIA (96%); lower PPVs were seen with the TechLab (64%), Bartels (72%), and Meridian (80%) EIAs because of high false-positive rates. The negative predictive values (98 to 99%) were excellent with all EIAs. Results were indeterminant with 0.3% of the samples by the Meridian EIA and 3% by all the other EIAs. Although the EIAs were less sensitive than the cytotoxin assay, they provide same-day results and may be useful in laboratories without tissue culture facilities.
A Novel Mammalian Iron-regulated Protein Involved in Intracellular Iron Metabolism (2000)

We have isolated and characterized a novel iron-regulated gene that is homologous to the divalent metal transporter 1 family of metal transporters. This gene, termed metal transporter protein (mtp1), is expressed in tissues involved in body iron homeostasis including the developing and mature reticuloendothelial system, the duodenum, and the pregnant uterus. MTP1 is also expressed in muscle and central nervous system cells in the embryo. At the subcellular level, MTP1 is localized to the basolateral membrane of the duodenal epithelial cell and a cytoplasmic compartment of reticuloendothelial system cells. Overexpression of MTP1 in tissue culture cells results in intracellular iron depletion. In the adult mouse, MTP1 expression in the liver and duodenum are reciprocally regulated. Iron deficiency induces MTP1 expression in the duodenum but down-regulates expression in the liver. These data indicate that MTP1 is an iron-regulated membrane-spanning protein that is involved in intracellular iron metabolism.
Iterative (turbo) soft interference cancellation and decoding for coded CDMA (1999)

The presence of both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) constitutes a major impediment to reliable communications in multipath code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channels. In this paper, an iterative receiver structure is proposed for decoding multiuser information data in a convolutionally coded asynchronous multipath DS-CDMA system. The receiver performs two successive soft-output decisions, achieved by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detector and a bank of single-user SISO channel decoders, through an iterative process. At each iteration, extrinsic information is extracted from detection and decoding stages and is then used as a priori information in the next iteration, just as in turbo decoding. Given the multipath CDMA channel model, a direct implementation of a sliding-window SISO multiuser detector has a prohibitive computational complexity. A low-complexity SISO multiuser detector is developed based on a novel nonlinear interference suppression technique, which makes use of both soft interference cancellation and instantaneous linear minimum mean-square error filtering. The properties of such a nonlinear interference suppressor are examined, and an efficient recursive implementation is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity iterative receiver structure for interference suppression and decoding offers significant performance gain over the traditional noniterative receiver structure. Moreover, at high signal-to-noise ratio, the detrimental effects of MAI and ISI in the channel can almost be completely overcome by iterative processing, and single-user performance can be approached.
IL-12 receptor. II. Distribution and regulation of receptor expression (1992)

Abstract IL-12 is a heterodimeric lymphokine that induces IFN-γ production by resting PBMC, enhances the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine activated killer cells, and causes the proliferation of activated T cells and NK cells. In this report, we have investigated the expression of IL-12R on mitogen- and IL-2-activated PBMC or tonsillar lymphocytes as well as on a variety of cell lines. The results of radiolabeled IL-12-binding assays indicated that high affinity IL-12R are present on PBMC activated by various T cell mitogens or by IL-2. High affinity IL-12R were also found to be expressed constitutively on a transformed marmoset NK-like cell line HVS.SILVA 40. At the time of peak IL-12R expression, mitogen- or IL-2-activated cells displayed approximately 1000 to 9000 IL-12 binding sites/cell with an apparent Kd of 100 to 900 pM. Kinetic studies revealed that maximum expression of IL-12R occurred earlier on PHA-activated PBMC as compared with PBMC activated by IL-2, and that expression of IL-12R on these cells correlated with their ability to proliferate in response to IL-12. Although IL-2 could up-regulate IL-12R expression on resting PBMC, the ability of mitogen-activated PBMC to up-regulate IL-12R was found to be independent of IL-2. Analysis of IL-12R expression by flow cytometry revealed that receptors for IL-12 are present on activated T cells of both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets and on activated CD56+ NK cells. In contrast, neither resting PBMC or tonsillar B cells nor tonsillar B cells activated by anti-IgM/Dx, anti-IgM/Dx + IL-2, or SAC + IL-2 displayed IL-12R detectable by flow cytometry or by the radiolabeled IL-12-binding assay. In summary, these results indicate that activation of T cells or NK cells results in up-regulation of IL-12R expression; on the other hand, B cell activation, at least under some circumstances, appears not to be associated with enhanced expression of IL-12R.
Condition monitoring of wind turbine induction generators with rotor electrical asymmetry (2012)

This study investigates the condition monitoring of wind turbine wound rotor and doubly fed induction generators with rotor electrical asymmetries by analysis of stator current and total power spectra. The research is verified using experimental data measured on two different test rigs and numerical predictions obtained from a time-stepping electromagnetic model. A steady-state study of current and power spectra for healthy and faulty conditions is performed to identify fault-specific signal changes and consistent slip-dependent fault-indicators on both test rigs. To enable real-time fault frequency tracking, a set of concise analytical expressions, describing fault frequency variation with operating speed, were defined and validated by measurement. A variable speed study, representative of real wind turbine operations, of current and power frequency components for healthy and faulty conditions was then carried out on one test rig, which could simulate wind conditions. The current and power fault frequency tracking previously identified achieved reliable fault detection for two realistic wind turbine generator fault scenarios of differing severity. Conclusions are drawn on the relative merits of current and power signal analysis when used for wind turbine wound rotor induction machine fault detection and diagnosis.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,2‐Addition of Aluminum Organyl Compounds to Cyclic Enones (2007)

A question of the ligand: The chemoselectivity of the rhodium-catalyzed addition of AlMe3 to cyclohex-2-enone is guided by the type of ligand used. Whereas use of an achiral {Rh(cyclooctadiene)} complex leads to a 1,4-addition, use of a {Rh(binap)} species gives highly enantioselective 1,2-additions. This unprecedented reaction can be used for stereoselective 1,2-methylations and arylations of cyclic enones (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701087_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Shedding of Infected Ciliated Epithelial Cells in Rhinovirus Colds (1982)

Specimens of nasal mucus were collected from 17 volunteers experimentally infected with rhinovirus and from 10 uninfected control subjects. Ciliated epithelial cells (CECs) were found in the nasal mucus of 16 of the infected volunteers but of none of the control subjects. The CECs were shown to contain rhinovirus antigen by indirect immunoperoxidase and fluorescent antibody staining. The pattern of CEC shedding was similar to the mean nasal symptom score pattern of the volunteers. However, the amount of CED shedding for an individual was not correlated with the severity of the symptoms. This finding suggests that the symptoms of a rhinovirus cold may be produced in part by processes that are independent of the severity of direct virus-induced damage to the epithelium.
Targeted oncogene activation by site-specific recombination in transgenic mice. (1992)

An efficient and accurate method for controlled in vivo transgene modulation by site-directed recombination is described. Seven transgenic mouse founder lines were produced carrying the murine lens-specific alpha A-crystallin promoter and the simian virus 40 large tumor-antigen gene sequence, separated by a 1.3-kilobase-pair Stop sequence that contains elements preventing expression of the large tumor-antigen gene and Cre recombinase recognition sites. Progeny from two of these lines were mated with transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase under control of either the murine alpha A-crystallin promoter or the human cytomegalovirus promoter. All double-transgenic offspring developed lens tumors. Subsequent analysis confirmed that tumor formation resulted from large tumor-antigen activation via site-specific, Cre-mediated deletion of Stop sequences.
Protein Sequence Analysis: Automated Microsequencing (1983)

The automated microsequencing of proteins can now be carried out at the 5- to 10-picomoles (submicrogram) level on polypeptides obtained directly from one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The techniques are applicable to polypeptides ranging in size from small peptides (less than 10 residues) to large proteins (more than 1000 residues).
Redox-Triggered Contents Release from Liposomes (2008)

An exciting new direction in responsive liposome research is endogenous triggering of liposomal payload release by overexpressed enzyme activity in affected tissues and offers the unique possibility of active and site-specific release. Bringing to fruition the fully expected capabilities of this new class of triggered liposomal delivery system requires a collection of liposome systems that respond to different upregulated enzymes; however, a relatively small number currently exist. Here we show that stable, approximately 100 nm diameter liposomes can be made from previously unreported quinone-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (Q-DOPE) lipids, and complete payload release (quenched fluorescent dye) from Q-DOPE liposomes occurs upon their redox activation when the quinone headgroup possesses specific substituents. The key component of the triggerable, contents-releasing Q-DOPE liposomes is a "trimethyl-locked" quinone redox switch attached to the N-terminus of DOPE lipids that undergoes a cleavage event upon two-electron reduction. Payload release by aggregation and leakage of "uncapped" Q-DOPE liposomes is supported by results from liposomes wherein deliberate alteration of the "trimethyl-locked" switch completely deactivates the redox-destructible phenomena (liposome opening). We expect that Q-DOPE liposomes and their variants will be important in treatment of diseases with associated tissues that overexpress quinone reductases, such as cancers and inflammatory diseases, because the quinone redox switch is a known substrate for this group of reductases.
End-Label Free-Solution Electrophoresis of the Low Molecular Weight Heparins (1997)

The intact heparins are highly charged oligosaccharides. Their charge polydispersity and the possible occurrence of numerous isomers complicate the analysis of these biomedically important glycoconjugates. After unsuccessful attempts to resolve the low molecular weight heparins in entangled matrixes, or through the use of counterions (Stefansson, M.; Novotny, M. V. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3466-3471), we have designed a unique end-label reagent to incorporate both a fluorescent moiety and a desirable frictional increment to the analyte molecules. The resolution of small oligomers was improved dramatically following this approach. We also propose a scheme, based on the end-label free-solution electrophoresis model (Mayer, P.; Slater, G. W.; Drouin, G. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1777-1780), that could potentially predict the migration times of some oligomers of complex heparin mixtures.
Elucidation of the Hsp90 C-Terminal Inhibitor Binding Site (2011)

The Hsp90 chaperone machine is required for the folding, activation, and/or stabilization of more than 50 proteins directly related to malignant progression. Hsp90 contains small molecule binding sites at both its N- and C-terminal domains; however, limited structural and biochemical data regarding the C-terminal binding site is available. In this report, the small molecule binding site in the Hsp90 C-terminal domain was revealed by protease fingerprinting and photoaffinity labeling utilizing LC-MS/MS. The identified site was characterized by generation of a homology model for hHsp90α using the SAXS open structure of HtpG and docking the bioactive conformation of NB into the generated model. The resulting model for the bioactive conformation of NB bound to Hsp90α is presented herein.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors – important modulators of nociception and pain behavior (2002)

Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences and Marine Biomedical Institute, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA ∗Tel.: +1-409-772-2124; fax: +1-409-772-2789 E-mail: [email protected] Submitted May 6, 2002; accepted May 9, 2002.
Narrow long Josephson junctions (1999)

Long Josephson junctions of width down to less than 0.3 /spl mu/m are fabricated using electron beam lithography. The junctions are made in niobium-aluminum-oxide trilayer technology using cross-linked PMMA for insulation. We measured the fluxon penetration field, the magnetic field period of the critical current modulation, and the Fiske step voltages of the junctions. A strong dependence of these quantities on the junction width is observed. Assuming a general-type relation between the spatial derivative of the phase and the spatial variation of the magnetic field along the plane of the junction, we derive a scaling relation between the measured quantities depending on the junction width. The derived relation is consistent with the experimental data.
Optimal Estimation: With an Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory (1986)

Classical Estimation Theory. Discrete-Time Kalman Filter. Continuous-Time Kalman Filter. Dalman Filter Design and Implementation. OPTIMAL STOCHASTIC CONTROL. Estimation for Nonlinear Systems. Stochastic Control for State Variable. Stochastic Control for Polynomial Systems. Appendixes. Index.
The α-Amylase Induction in Endosperm during Rice Seed Germination Is Caused by Gibberellin Synthesized in Epithelium (2002)

We recently isolated two genes (OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2) from rice (Oryza sativa) encoding 3beta-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the final step of active gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis (H. Itoh, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, N. Sentoku, H. Kitano, M. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 8909-8914). Using these cloned cDNAs, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the 3beta-hydroxylase genes and also an alpha-amylase gene (RAmy1A) during rice seed germination to investigate the relationship between GA biosynthesis and alpha-amylase expression. Northern-blot analyses revealed that RAmy1A expression in the embryo occurs before the induction of 3beta-hydroxylase expression, whereas in the endosperm, a high level of RAmy1A expression occurs 1 to 2 d after the peak of OsGA3ox2 expression and only in the absence of uniconazol. Based on the analysis of an OsGA3ox2 null mutant (d18-Akibare dwarf), we determined that 3beta-hydroxylase produced by OsGA3ox2 is important for the induction of RAmy1A expression and that the OsGA3ox1 product is not essential for alpha-amylase induction. The expression of OsGA3ox2 was localized to the shoot region and epithelium of the embryo, strongly suggesting that active GA biosynthesis occurs in these two regions. The synthesis of active GA in the epithelium is important for alpha-amylase expression in the endosperm, because an embryonic mutant defective in shoot formation, but which developed epithelium cells, induced alpha-amylase expression in the endosperm, whereas a mutant defective in epithelium development did not.
Inhibition of mature IL-1 beta production in murine macrophages and a murine model of inflammation by WIN 67694, an inhibitor of IL-1 beta converting enzyme. (1995)

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta is synthesized by activated monocytes and macrophages as a 31-kDa, biologically inactive precursor that is proteolytically processed to the biologically active 17-kDa mature molecule by the IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE). WIN 67694, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2O(CO)[2,6-(CI2)]Ph, is a potent, selective inhibitor of human ICE. In activated murine peritoneal macrophages, WIN 67694 inhibited the release of mature IL-1 beta with an IC50 of 1.8 microM without any effect on the release of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. The effect was specific to mature IL-1 beta release; the ICE inhibitor did not effect IL-1 beta RNA levels or precursor protein synthesis. In vivo, WIN 67694 was also able to inhibit selectively the release of IL-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner in a subcutaneous tissue chamber implant model of inflammation. IL-1 beta levels in tissue chamber fluid were inhibited 35 and 55% at 10 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels were not affected. The ability to selectively inhibit mature IL-1 beta release in vivo with ICE inhibitors will allow for detailed studies of the role of IL-1 beta and ICE in inflammatory diseases.
Amino acid composition of dried citrus sludge and its potential as a poultry feedstuff (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino acid composition of dried citrus sludge and its potential as a poultry feedstuffRichard L. Coleman and Philip E. ShawCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 4, 971–973Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60212a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60212a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superposition Coding Strategies: Design and Experimental Evaluation (2012)

We design and implement a software-radio system for Superposition Coding (SC), a multiuser transmission scheme that deliberately introduces interference among user signals at the transmitter, using a library of off-the-shelf point-to-point channel codes. We experimentally determine the set of rate-pairs achieved by this transmission scheme under a packet-error constraint. Our results suggest that SC can provide substantial gains in spectral efficiencies over those achieved by orthogonal schemes such as Time Division Multiplexing. Our findings also question the practical utility of the Gaussian approximation for the inter-user interference in Superposition-Coded systems.
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition in chromosome 14–linked Alzheimer's disease: Predominance of Aβ42(43) (1996)

Amyloid beta protein (Abeta) deposition was investigated in the frontal cortex of 8 cases of (genetically confirmed) chromosome 14-linked Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the end-specific monoclonal antibodies BA27 and BC05 to detect the presence of Abeta40 and Abeta42(43), respectively. In all patients, Abeta42(43) was the predominant peptide species present. The total amount of Abeta40 and Abeta42(43) deposited was more than twice the amount deposited in cases of sporadic AD of similar disease duration, although the ratio between the extent of Abeta40 and Abeta42(43) deposition was unaltered, compared with sporadic AD. Therefore, (one of) the effects of the mutations in the presenilin 1:PS-1 (S182) gene may be to cause or at least promote an early and excessive deposition of Abeta42(43) within the brain, a property shared with other inherited forms of AD, such as those due to amyloid precursor protein mutations, and Down's syndrome (trisomy 21).
Chromosome manipulation: a systematic approach toward understanding human chromosome structure and function. (1996)

in the context ofgenes orchromosomalregions that are too extensive to be easily handled withcurrentlyavailablevectors. Lastly,fromapracticalstandpoint,such chromosomes could provide a basis for novel nonviralgene therapy approaches (8).Twofundamentallydifferentapproacheshavebeentakentoaddress the requirementsnecessaryto manipulate eukaryoticchromosomes (Fig. 1). Oneinvolves