gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increment in the Ta1+ cells in the peripheral blood and thyroid tissue of patients with Graves' disease. (1989)

The present study utilized the anti-Ta1 mAb to characterize the cell surface phenotypes of peripheral blood and intrathyroidal lymphocytes in patients with Graves' disease. We found an increase in PBL bearing the Ta1 Ag in untreated patients. The euthyroid patients in remission, induced by antithyroidal drugs, radioisotope therapy, and subtotal thyroidectomy, had lower percentages of Ta1+ cells than did untreated patients. An increased percentage of Ta1+ cells in untreated patients was found in both CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells. The ratio of CD4+Ta1+ cells to CD8+Ta1+ cells in untreated patients was significantly higher than that of normal subjects. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of Ta1+ cells and the level of anti-TSH receptor antibody. In this prospective study, the proportion of Ta1+ cells was decreased in parallel with the reduction in anti-TSH receptor antibody and free T3 levels. In the chronically treated patients, the proportion of Ta1+ cells in the thyroid tissue was, yet similar to that in the peripheral blood, markedly increased in comparison to that of normal subjects. In contrast to Ta1+ cells, the thyroid tissue had a significantly higher percentage of HLA-DR+ T cells than did the paired peripheral blood. The proliferative responses of the Ta1+ cell-enriched population isolated from untreated patients toward thyroglobulin and microsomal Ag were markedly higher than those in a Ta1+ cell-depleted population, but both populations were able to respond equally to PHA. These results suggest that the Ta1+ cells may include Ag-triggered memory cells that are reactive with thyroid-specific Ag. Furthermore, monitoring such cells may provide an objective measure of abnormal immunologic activity.
ON DOUBLING PROPERTIES AND THE UNIQUE CONTINUATION AT THE BOUNDARY IN DINI DOMAINS (2001)

让 u 是一个答案第二在 Dini 领域订椭圆形的方程，为 2 在领域在点在球上集中了的 u 的加倍的性质的一个直接、基本的证明被介绍。而且在零个 Dirichlet 边界条件下面，在为 Dini 领域的边界的唯一的继续被证明了。
Efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived cyclic di-esters to 1,2-diols (2011)

The unprecedented homogeneous hydrogenation of cyclic di-esters, in particular biomass-derived glycolide and lactide, to the corresponding 1,2-diols is catalyzed by Ru(II) PNN (1) and Ru(II) CNN (2) pincer complexes under mild hydrogen pressure and (in the case of 1) neutral conditions. No racemization was observed when a chiral di-ester was used.
Stomatal conductance of forest species after long‐term exposure to elevated CO2 concentration: a synthesis (2001)

• Data from 13 long-term (> 1 yr), field-based studies of the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub> ]) on European forest tree species were analysed using meta-analysis and modelling. Meta-analysis was used to determine mean responses across the data sets, and data were fitted to two commonly used models of stomatal conductance in order to explore response to environmental conditions and the relationship with assimilation. • Meta-analysis indicated a significant decrease (21%) in stomatal conductance in response to growth in elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] across all studies. The response to [CO<sub>2</sub> ] was significantly stronger in young trees than old trees, in deciduous compared to coniferous trees, and in water stressed compared to nutrient stressed trees. No evidence of acclimation of stomatal conductance to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] was found. • Fits of data to the first model showed that growth in elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] did not alter the response of stomatal conductance to vapour pressure deficit, soil water content or atmospheric [CO<sub>2</sub> ]. Fits of data to the second model indicated that conductance and assimilation responded in parallel to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] except when water was limiting. • Data were compared to a previous meta-analysis and it was found that the response of g<sub>s</sub> to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] was much more consistent in long-term (> 1 yr) studies, emphasising the need for long-term elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ] studies. By interpreting data in terms of models, the synthesis will aid future modelling studies of responses of forest trees to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub> ].
Detection of amplified dna sequences in human tumor cell lines by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1992)

An unambiguous and rapid characterization of amplified DNA sequences in tumor cells is important for the understanding of neoplastic progression. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify such amplified DNA sequences in human tumor cell lines. Applying this technique, we followed the metaphase location and interphase position of amplified DNA sequences corresponding to the SAMK, MYC, and MYCN genes in four cell lines derived from human tumors: two gastric carcinoma lines (KATO III and SNU-16), a neuroblastoma (NUB-7), and a neuroepithelioma (NUB-20) line. In metaphase cells of KATO III, NUB-7, and NUB-20 lines, the amplified regions were clearly visible and easily identified at an intrachromosomal location: in KATO III and NUB-7 at a terminal position and in NUB-20 at an interstitial position. In SNU-16, on the other hand, the amplified SAMK and MYC sequences were identified in extrachromosomal double minute chromosomes (DMs). In this line, the SAMK and MYC sequences were coamplified in the same cells and were colocated on the same DMs. FISH also allowed the identification of amplified DNA sequences in nondividing cells, enabling us to distinguish, at interphase, whether the amplification gave rise to intrachromosomal amplified regions (IARs) or to extrachromosomal DMs. The FISH technique also allowed us to determine at metaphase as well as at interphase the extent of amplification and the size of the IARs.
Stabilization of Amine-Containing CO2 Adsorbents: Dramatic Effect of Water Vapor (2010)

CO(2) adsorption-desorption cycles and the corresponding mechanisms over amine supported CO(2) adsorbent (TRI-PE-MCM-41) under dry conditions and in the presence of moisture (20 degrees C as dew point).
Demonstration of Antigenic and Genotypic Variation in Orientia tsutsugamushi Which Were Isolated in Japan, and Their Classification into Type and Subtype (1996)

A total of 40 strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi (34 isolates from patients and trombiculid mites in Japan, and 6 prototype strains of antigenic variants) were examined for classification based on the reactivities with type-specific monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence tests, and on the restriction fragment length polymorphism of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 56-kilodalton type-specific antigenic protein gene. By these methods, several antigenic and genotypic variants were found among the strains, and these variants were classified into types and further into subtypes. These results suggest that there are many variants in O. tsutsugamushi, and the methods used here seem to be useful for the systematic classification of the numerous variants. A strain which may be a new type distinguishable from those identified previously was also found in this study. Furthermore, variety in the degree of pathogenicity in mice related to type and/or subtype classification were observed.
Collagen family of proteins (1991)

Collagen molecules are structural macro-molecules of the extracellular matrix that include in their structure one or several domains that have a characteristic triple helical conformation. They have been classified by types that define distinct sets of polypeptide chains that can form homo- and heterotrimeric assemblies. All the collagen molecules participate in supramolecular aggregates that are stabilized in part by interactions between triple helical domains. Fourteen collagen types have been defined so far. They form a wide range of structures. Most notable are 1) fibrils that are found in most connective tissues and are made by alloys of fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, V, and XI) and 2) sheets constituting basement membranes (type IV collagen), Descemet's membrane (type VIII collagen), worm cuticle, and organic exoskeleton of sponges. Other collagens, present in smaller quantities in tissues, play the role of connecting elements between these major structures and other tissue components. The fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) (types IX, XII, and XIV) appear to connect fibrils to other matrix elements. Type VII collagen assemble into anchoring fibrils that bind epithelial basement membranes and entrap collagen fibrils from the underlying stroma to glue the two structures together. Type VI collagen forms thin-beaded filaments that may interact with fibrils and cells.
Electronic Properties of an Amorphous Solid. I. A Simple Tight-Binding Theory (1971)

Using a simple Hamiltonian of the tight-binding type, rigorous bounds are derived for the density of states of a tetrahedrally bonded solid. These include inner bounds which define a band gap between occupied and unoccupied states. The derivation uses only the assumed perfect coordination of nearest neighbors, and so it holds for all tetrahedrally bonded crystal structures and random networks of the kind proposed for amorphous Si and Ge. Various other results are obtained for the fractional $s$- and $p$- like character of wave functions, the attainment of bounds, and other features of the density of states. A band-structure calculation for the diamond cubic structure serves as a test case.
A controllable viewing angle LCD with an optically isotropic liquid crystal (2010)

An optically isotropic liquid crystal (LC) such as a blue phase LC or an optically isotropic nano-structured LC exhibits a very wide viewing angle because the induced birefringence is along the in-plane electric field. Utilizing such a material, we propose a liquid crystal display (LCD) whose viewing angle can be switched from wide view to narrow view using only one panel. In the device, each pixel is divided into two parts: a major pixel and a sub-pixel. The main pixels display the images while the sub-pixels control the viewing angle. In the main pixels, birefringence is induced by horizontal electric fields through inter-digital electrodes leading to a wide viewing angle, while in the sub-pixels, birefringence is induced by the vertical electric field so that phase retardation occurs only at oblique angles. As a result, the dark state (or contrast ratio) of the entire pixel can be controlled by the voltage of the sub-pixels. Such a switchable viewing angle LCD is attractive for protecting personal privacy. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Approaches to the Development of New Antituberculosis Drugs (1989)

In the last two decades, no new major antituberculosis drug has been developed. Although dramatic improvements in chemotherapy for tuberculosis have been achieved through careful studies of drug regimens, there is still a need for new agents that are highly active. The antimycobacterial drugs used at present in therapy for tuberculosis were obtained by either blind screening or chemical modification of active compounds, with tentative optimization of chemotherapeutic properties. Other approaches based on knowledge of the biochemistry of the mycobacterial cell should be tried. Certain constituents of the cell, such as mycolic acids, arabinogalactan, peptidoglycan, and mycobactins, may represent specific targets for new antituberculosis drugs. Products interfering with the biosynthesis of these mycobacterial constituents can be expected to show specific activity against these microorganisms, with no effect on the normal bacterial flora.
Pilot investigation of a model for canine atopic dermatitis: environmental house dust mite challenge of high‐IgE–producing beagles, mite hypersensitive dogs with atopic dermatitis and normal dogs (2006)

Although canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is common, few models are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate high-IgE beagles epicutaneously sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) as a possible model for cAD. Six high-IgE beagles were environmentally challenged with HDM using various doses and protocols. Similar challenge protocols were used in positive and negative control dogs: three dogs with naturally occurring cAD and positive intradermal skin test (IDT) to HDM and three normal dogs without history of skin disease and negative IDT to HDM. All high-IgE beagles and all atopic dogs developed severe cutaneous lesions and pruritus after challenge. Lesions were erythematous papules and macules in contact areas such as face, ears, ventral abdomen, groin, axillae and feet. They were first visible after 6 h and increased in severity over time. No normal dog developed pruritus or lesions. Biopsies of representative lesions in the high-IgE beagles were taken for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. There was superficial perivascular dermatitis with mononuclear infiltrates and spongiosis. Lymphocytes and eosinophils accumulated in small epidermal micro-abscesses with hyperplasia of epidermal IgE-bearing dendritic cells. These findings suggest that this colony of high-IgE beagles develops a dermatitis that clinically, histopathologically and immunologically resembles the naturally occurring canine disease. It is also concluded that this modality of challenge is not irritating to normal dogs but induces flare-ups in hypersensitive atopic dogs.
Low-frequency ultrasound increases outer membrane permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2006)

Low-frequency ultrasound has been investigated asan adjuvant to antimicrobial therapy, targeted at bothplanktonic and bioﬁlm (sessile) organisms. Our previ-ous work showed that ultrasound (US) effectively en-hances the bactericidal activity of certain antibioticsagainst planktonic cultures (Pitt et al., 1994; Rediskeet al., 1999) and in vitro bioﬁlms (Johnson et al., 1998;Qian et al., 1999) and in vivo bioﬁlms (Carmen et al.,2004b, 2005; Rediske et al., 2000) of gram-positiveand gram-negative bacteria. Ultrasound was shown toincrease the transport of antibiotics through bioﬁlms(Carmen et al., 2004a) which could account for some(or all) of the enhanced antibiotic activity against in-sonated bioﬁlms; but such a mechanism could not ac-count for US-enhanced antibiotic activity in planktoniccultures which have no extensive exopolymer matrix toretard antibiotic transport.Because this ultrasonic enhancement of antibioticactivity operates on both planktonic and sessile bacte-ria, we posit that US does more than simply increasethe transport of antibiotic to the cells; ultrasound ispostulated to increase uptake of antibiotic into the cellsby rendering the cell membrane more permeable tothe antibiotic. To examine this postulate, we must ﬁrstreview how ultrasound interacts with cells.Bacterial cells are fairly transparent to ultrasound;that is, ultrasonic waves go right through cells with littleabsorption, scattering or other interaction. However,the pressure oscillations of ultrasound produce sizeoscillations in any gas bubbles in the liquid (Brennen,1995). These bubbles range in size from approxi-mately 1mm to 100mm in diameter (Brennen, 1995).The oscillations of bubbles, called cavitation, are gen-erally divided into “stable” and “collapse” types of cavi-tation. Stable cavitation is the low intensity oscillationof the bubbles without complete collapse of the bub-ble, while collapse cavitation occurs at higher intensitylevels and lower frequencies wherein these bubblescollapse and violently accelerate the ﬂuid aroundthem. During bubble collapse, adiabatic heating of thegas produces very high temperature, produces freeradicals, generates very high liquid shear force, andgenerates a shock wave as the collapsing sphericalwall slams into itself (Brennen, 1995). With a sufﬁcientnumber of collapse cavitation events, cell membranes
Cloning and stable maintenance of DNA fragments over 300 kb in Escherichia coli with conventional plasmid-based vectors (1998)

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) systems were previously developed for cloning of very large eukaryotic DNA fragments in bacteria. We report the feasibility of cloning very large fragments of eukaryotic DNA in bacteria using conventional plasmid-based vectors. One conventional plasmid vector (pGEM11), one conventional binary plasmid vector (pSLJ1711) and one conventional binary cosmid vector (pCLD04541) were investigated using the widely used BAC (pBeloBAC11 and pECBAC1) and BIBAC (BIBAC2) vectors as controls. The plasmid vector pGEM11 yielded clones ranging in insert sizes from 40 to 100 kb, whereas the two binary vectors pCLD04541 and pSLJ1711 yielded clones ranging in insert sizes from 40 to 310 kb. Analysis of the pCLD04541 and pSLJ1711 clones indicated that they had insert sizes and stabilities similar to the BACs and BIBACs. Our findings indicate that conventional plasmid-based vectors are capable of cloning and stably maintaining DNA fragments as large as BACs and PACs in bacteria. These results suggest that many existing plasmid-based vectors, including plant and animal transformation and expression binary vectors, could be directly used for cloning of very large eukaryotic DNA fragments. The pCLD04541 and pSLJ1711 clones were shown to be present at at least 4-5 copies/cell. The high stability of these clones indicates that stability of clones does not seem contingent on single-copy status. The insert sizes and the copy numbers of the pCLD04541 and pSLJ1711 clones indicate that Escherichia coli can stably maintain at least 1200 kb of foreign DNA per cell. These results provide a new conceptual and theoretical basis for development of improved and new vectors for large DNA fragment cloning and transformation. According to this discovery, we have established a system for large DNA fragment cloning in bacteria using the two binary vectors, with which several very large-insert DNA libraries have been developed.
Distribution of 14 high risk HPV types in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia detected by a non-radioactive general primer PCR mediated enzyme immunoassay. (1999)

The PCR-EIA has high clinical sensitivity for detecting CIN II/III (90%). There was a significantly higher prevalence rate of HPV 16 and 31 in CIN III than in CIN I and II.
ABCG2 expression, function, and promoter methylation in human multiple myeloma (2006)

We investigated the role of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Human MM cell lines, and MM patient plasma cells isolated from bone marrow, were evaluated for ABCG2 mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ABCG2 protein, by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. ABCG2 function was determined by measuring topotecan and doxorubicin efflux using flow cytometry, in the presence and absence of the specific ABCG2 inhibitor, tryprostatin A. The methylation of the ABCG2 promoter was determined using bisulfite sequencing. We found that ABCG2 expression in myeloma cell lines increased after exposure to topotecan and doxorubicin, and was greater in logphase cells when compared with quiescent cells. Myeloma patients treated with topotecan had an increase in ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression after treatment with topotecan, and at relapse. Expression of ABCG2 is regulated, at least in part, by promoter methylation both in cell lines and in patient plasma cells. Demethylation of the promoter increased ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression. These findings suggest that ABCG2 is expressed and functional in human myeloma cells, regulated by promoter methylation, affected by cell density, up-regulated in response to chemotherapy, and may contribute to intrinsic drug resistance.
Transduction of human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells by a retroviral vector expressing an RRE decoy inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in myelomonocytic cells produced in long-term culture (1996)

Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells with a synthetic "anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene" which inhibits replication of HIV-1 may allow production of mature lymphoid and monocytic cells resistant to HIV-1 growth after autologous transplantation. Because productive HIV-1 replication requires binding of the Rev protein to the Rev-responsive element (RRE) within the viral transcripts for the HIV-1 structural proteins, anti-HIV-1 gene products which interfere with Rev-RRE interactions may inhibit HIV-1 replication. One such strategy involves overexpression of the RRE sequences in transcripts derived from retroviral vectors to act as decoys to sequester Rev protein and prevent its binding to the RRE element in HIV-1 transcripts. We developed an in vitro model to test the efficacy of this gene therapy approach in primary human hematopoietic cells. Human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from normal bone marrow or umbilical cord blood were transduced with retroviral vectors carrying RRE decoy sequences as part of a long terminal repeat-directed transcript expressing the neo gene (L-RRE-neo) or with a control vector expressing only the neo gene (LN). The transduced progenitors were allowed to differentiate into mature myelomonocytic cells which were able to support vigorous growth of the monocytotropic isolate of HIV-1, JR-FL. HIV-1 replication was measured in unselected cell populations and following G418 selection to obtain uniformly transduced cell populations. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in the unselected cell cultures was between 50.2 and 76.7% and was highly effective (99.4 to 99.9%) in the G418-selected cultures. Progenitors transduced by either the L-RRE-neo vector or the control LN vector were identical with respect to hematopoietic growth and differentiation. These findings demonstrate the ability of an RRE decoy strategy to inhibit HIV-1 replication in primary human myelomonocytic cells after transduction of CD34+ progenitor cells, without adverse effects on hematopoietic cell function.
Reactivation of hapten-induced colitis and its prevention by anti-inflammatory drugs (1995)

Administration of a hapten together with a barrier breaker, such as ethanol, into the colon of a rat results in extensive mucosal injury and inflammation that bears some similarity to the colonic inflammation characterizing inflammatory bowel disease in humans. This inflammation and injury gradually subsides over the weeks after its induction. We have attempted to determine whether this colitis can be "reactivated" by administration of the hapten systemically weeks after its initial intracolonic administration. Six weeks after intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (the hapten) in a vehicle of 50% ethanol, most of the colonic injury and inflammation had subsided. Intravenous administration of the hapten at 24-h intervals over 3 days resulted in reactivation of the colitis, with significant increases in macroscopic and histological damage scores (mucosal injury and inflammation) and a significant increase in granulocyte infiltration, as measured by tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) infiltration, as measured by tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The increase in MPO activity occurred only in the region previously exposed to the hapten. Intravenous administration of saline did not reactivate the colitis, nor did intravenous administration of the hapten to rats previously treated intracolonically with saline or the ethanol vehicle. Reactivation of colitis by hapten administration was not accompanied by activation of mucosal mast cells. Treatment with dexamethasone prevented the increase in colonic damage score and MPO activity elicited by intravenous hapten administration. Cyclosporin A reduced MPO activity, and 5-aminosalicylic acid reduced the colonic damage score, whereas lidocaine and two inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis did not significantly affect either of these parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chondrocyte Affinity Peptide Modified PAMAM Conjugate As a Nanoplatform for Targeting and Retention in Cartilage (2018)

CAP-PEG-PAMAM could be an effective nanocarrier for intra-articular delivery of agents to cartilage.