gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (1993)

Tocotrienols are natural farnesylated analogues of tocopherols which decrease hepatic cholesterol production and reduce plasma cholesterol levels in animals. For several cultured cell types, incubation with gamma-tocotrienol inhibited the rate of [14C]acetate but not [3H] mevalonate incorporation into cholesterol in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition at approximately 2 microM and maximum approximately 80% inhibition observed within 6 h in HepG2 cells. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase total activity and protein levels assayed by Western blot were reduced concomitantly with the decrease in cholesterol synthesis. In HepG2 cells, gamma-tocotrienol suppressed reductase despite strong blockade by inhibitors at several steps in the pathway, suggesting that isoprenoid flux is not required for the regulatory effect. HMG-CoA reductase protein synthesis rate was moderately diminished (57% of control), while the degradation rate was increased 2.4-fold versus control (t1/2 declined from 3.73 to 1.59 h) as judged by [35S]methionine pulse-chase/immunoprecipitation analysis of HepG2 cells treated with 10 microM gamma-tocotrienol. Under these conditions, the decrease in reductase protein levels greatly exceeded the minor decrease in mRNA (23 versus 76% of control, respectively), and the low density lipoprotein receptor protein was augmented. In contrast, 25-hydroxycholesterol strongly cosuppressed HMG-CoA reductase protein and mRNA levels and the low density lipoprotein receptor protein. Thus, tocotrienols influence the mevalonate pathway in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of HMG-CoA reductase, and appear to specifically modulate the intracellular mechanism for controlled degradation of the reductase protein, an activity that mirrors the actions of the putative non-sterol isoprenoid regulators derived from mevalonate.
Motion Blur Identification Based on Differently Exposed Images (2006)

In this paper we introduce a new method of motion blur identification that relies on the availability of two, differently exposed, image shots of the same scene. The proposed approach exploits the difference in the degradation models of the two images in order to identify the point spread function (PSF) corresponding to the motion blur, that may affect the longer exposed image shot. The algorithm is demonstrated through a series of experiments that reveal its ability to identify the motion blur PSF even in the presence of heavy degradations of the two observed images.
Smoking behavior of 226 patients with diagnosis of stage IIIA/IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer (2002)

There is limited research of smoking cessation following diagnosis of lung cancer. This prospective study assessed cigarette smoking behavior among 226 patients (142 males, 84 females) prior to, at the time of, and after the diagnosis of unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer and entry into a phase III trial examining combined thoracic radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Their mean +/-S.D. age was 62.7+/-9.4 years and 95.6% were Caucasian. Of 215 patients with a history of cigarette smoking, 69% (148/215) stopped smoking prior to entry in the trial, 9% (20/215) stopped smoking at some point during the course of the trial, 11% (24/215) continued smoking throughout the trial, 7% (16/215) were smoking at baseline but did not report subsequent smoking status, and smoking status at study entry was missing for the remaining patients. The majority of lung cancer patients were able to stop smoking. A notable subset of patients continued smoking despite diagnosis of lung cancer, enrollment in a clinical trial, treatment-related toxicity, and encouragement from clinicians to stop smoking. Smoking cessation interventions are needed for lung cancer patients who continue to smoke.
A compressed-bandwidth stereophonic system for radio transmission (1959)

The purpose of the system is to provide a stereophonic signal for radio transmission within a bandwidth only slightly greater than that required for ordinary monophonic transmission. The left and right microphone signals are combined to form a single a.f. signal which is available for ordinary monophonic reception. They are also processed in such a way as to emphasize the beginnings of sounds and then utilized to form a signal, with a bandwidth of 100 c/s, carrying the directional information only. This directional signal is caused to modulate a sub-carrier at a power level much lower than that of the a.f. signal. In the receiver the a.f. signal and the directional signal are applied to a Hall multiplier unit giving the required left-loudspeaker signal as one output and the right-loudspeaker signal as the other.
CoO2, The End Member of the Li x CoO2 Solid Solution (1996)

While has been widely studied in the past 15 years as a promising positive electrode material in lithium‐ion batteries, suprisingly, many questions are still unanswered concerning the electrochemical characteristics of the lithium intercalation material. Among these is the existence of an end member phase on complete lithium deintercalation. The use of dry plastic lithium‐ion battery technology has allowed the construction of an in situ x‐ray diffraction cell which allows structural characterization of at x values at and close to 0 for the first time. Instead of the expected destruction of the core structure of by a drastic increase in structural disorder, an increase in crystallographic quality occurred as x approached 0. For the first time, the end member phase was isolated. This phase is a hexagonal single‐layered phase (O1) believed to be isostructural with and has lattice parameters of a = 2.822 Å and c = 4.29 Å. The phase converted immediately back to a three‐layer (O3) delithiated type phase on lithium reinsertion. Electrochemical studies show that 95% of lithium can be reinserted back into the structure on complete delithiation and reversible cycling properties are maintained when cycled back to 4.2 V.
Application of Chiral Cationic Catalysts to Several Classical Syntheses of Racemic Natural Products Transforms Them into Highly Enantioselective Pathways (2004)

This paper describes the application of chiral oxazaborolidinium cations of type 2 to various enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions that have served as early key steps for the syntheses of complex natural products. In the original syntheses these Diels-Alder reactions produced racemic adducts and led to racemic target molecules unless a separation of enantiomers by classical resolution was employed. By use of chiral catalysts of type 2, chiral products were obtained directly from Diels-Alder reactions of achiral components in excellent yield and enantioselectivity and with the mechanistically predicted absolute configuration. As a result, a number of classical syntheses could be converted to enantioselective versions, including (1) cortisone/cortisol (Merck/Sarett), (2) dendrobine (Kende), (3) vitamin B(12) (Eschenmoser), (4) myrocin C (Chu-Moyer/Danishefsky), (5) coriolin and hirsutene (Mehta), (6) dendrobatid 251F (Aube), (7) silphinene (Ito), and (8) nicandrenone core (Stoltz/Corey).
A new face down bonding technique using a low melting point metal (1990)

A description is given of a face-down bonding technique, the low-melting-point metal connection (LMC) technique, for use in manufacturing liquid-crystal display (LCD) panels. By using a low melting point metal, such as an indium alloy, it is possible to connect the integrated circuit (IC) electrodes and bonding pads on a glass substrate at a temperature lower than 150 degrees C. First, using the dipping method, low-melting-point metal bumps were formed on the IC bonding pads with gold bumps. Shallow-bowl-shaped bumps, 10-20 mu m high, were the result. Next, the IC and the glass substrate were connected at a pressure of 30 gf/bump or less and a temperature of 150 degrees C or less. Two kinds of reliability tests were performed on this sample. One was a thermal shock test (TST): a repetition of -40 and 100 degrees C for 30 min each, for 300 cycles. The other was a high-temperature and high-humidity test: 70 degrees C, 90% relative humidity (RH) for 500 h. In both tests, stable results were obtained. Finally, dot matrix LCD panels, with 640*400 dots, were assembled with 20 driver IC chips. The panels displayed test patterns perfectly. The LMC technique makes it easy to test and repair the IC bonds. The results of the trial manufacturing and testing show that the LMC technique can be readily applied in manufacturing LCD panels and many other kinds of electronic equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Is Education 1.0 Ready for Web 2.0 Students (2007)

All exhibits, tables and figures that have remained available have been included as additional content with their respective articles to be downloaded separately. Click here to return to the article page on NSUWorks and view the supplemental files. Unfortunately, not all the supplemental files have survived until 2015 and some will be missing from the article pages. If you are an author in Innovate and would like to have your supplemental content included, please
Adreno-leukodystrophy (adreno-testiculo-leukomyelo-neuropathic-complex). (1986)

We have learned much about adreno-leukodystrophy (ALD) since the first case report by Siemerling and Creutzfeld [1923]. Many aspects of this disease, however, are still enigmatic and worthy of investigation (see Pathogenesis). We now realize that ALD is a constellation of clinical and pathologic presentations, all of which presumably are caused by an X-linked genetic defect in the handling of fatty acids [Migeon et al. 1981, Ogino and Suzuki 1981, Singh et al. 1984]. At the present time, and for the sake of this discussion, adreno-leukodystrophy is subdivided into 5 major clinical types: classical, X-linked juvenile ALD; X-linked adult ALD; adrenomyeloneuropathic variant (AMN); female ALD; and neonatal ALD. A sixth type, which has only pathologic and pathogenetic relevance, is the fetal form [Powers et al. 1982]. Patients may have clinical or subclinical involvement of only one organ system (e.g., adrenal) or they may have any combination of adrenal, testis, brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve disease [O'Neill et al. 1981]. The most common type is the classical juvenile form, followed by the AMN variant. X-linked adult ALD is uncommen and female ALD is rare. The precise nosologic placement of the neonatal form is still debated and will be discussed more fully below. Although satisfactory treatment of central nervous system demyelination in ALD and system degeneration in AMN awaits a better understanding of their pathogenesis, we are now able to control this disease complex by carrier identification and genetic counseling or by in utero detection and therapeutic abortion [Moser et al. 1984].
A first-in-human, open-label, phase I/II safety, pharmacokinetic, and proof-of-concept study of ARN-509 in patients with progressive advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2011)

TPS190 Background: The results of molecular profiling studies show that androgen receptor (AR) overexpression is associated with resistance to conventional anti-androgens such as bicalutamide (Nat Med 10:33-39, 2004). ARN-509 is a novel small molecule AR antagonist that lacks the partial agonist activity seen with bicalutamide in the context of AR overexpression, an in vitro mimic of castration resistance. In addition, ARN-509 reduces the efficiency of nuclear translocation, and impairs AR binding to DNA and AR target gene modulation, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis. A phase I/II clinical trial of continuous oral ARN-509 in patients with progressive CRPC with and without prior chemotherapy began in July 2010. Methods: The study is designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor effects of ARN-509 in patients with progressive CRPC. In the dose escalation phase, patients are assigned using standard 3x3 dose escalation criteria to receive oral ARN509 at the following dose levels: 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 mg. The primary objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of ARN-509 that leads to a DLT in a maximum of 30% of patients. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis is performed after a single dose of ARN509 in week-1. Correlative studies include circulating tumor cells, optional FDG and FDHT PET imaging, and optional tumor biopsies. Following completion of the dose escalation phase, three expansion cohorts will be enrolled at the RP2D to provide an initial signal of anti-tumor activity with a time to PSA progression endpoint. The three expansion cohorts include: 1) non-metastatic CRPC docetaxel (doc) and abiraterone (abi)-naive (50 patients); 2) mCRPC doc and abi-naive (20 patients); and 3) mCRPC abi pre-treated (10-20 patients). The effect of food on the PK of ARN-509 and the effect of ARN-509 on ventricular repolarization will be evaluated in the expansion phase. The escalation phase is ongoing; enrollment to cohort 4 (120 mg) began in January 2011.DOD/PCF PCCTC trial sponsored by Aragon Pharmaceuticals. NCT01171898.
Juvenile Hormone: Identification of an Active Compound from Balsam Fir (1966)

A sesquiterpenoid ester with high juvenile hormone activity for Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) was isolated from balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Miller, and identified as the methyl ester of todomatuic acid.
N-terminal amino acid sequence identity between a major allergen of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum, and MHC-restricted IgE responses to it. (1990)

A protein allergen of the parasitic nematode Ascaris has been purified to homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography. It is the most abundant protein species in the parasite's body fluid and has been named ABA-1. The allergen's molecular weight (MW) has been previously estimated at 14,000, but this sizing is currently under re-evaluation. The immunological activity of the protein was intact after purification, as attested by immunoprecipitation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The IgE response to ABA-1 was under major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction in the rat, in which only RT1u strains were found to respond following infection with the parasite. The tissue-invasive and intestinal stages of both Ascaris lumbricoides (of humans) and Ascaris suum (of pigs) have an antigen of similar MW to ABA-1 in their secretions or among their somatic antigens. These are antigenically indistinguishable; they were found to have similar amino acid compositions, and their N-terminal amino acid sequences were identical to 41 residues. Finally, the apparent MW, amino acid composition and isoelectric point of ABA-1 all argue for close similarity to the previously described Allergen A of the parasite.
Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning and low adhesion (2009)

Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit extreme water-repellent properties. These surfaces with high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis also exhibit a self-cleaning effect and low drag for fluid flow. Certain plant leaves, such as lotus leaves, are known to be superhydrophobic and self-cleaning due to the hierarchical roughness of their leaf surfaces. The self-cleaning phenomenon is widely known as the 'lotus effect'. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces can be produced by using roughness combined with hydrophobic coatings. In this paper, the effect of micro- and nanopatterned polymers on hydrophobicity is reviewed. Silicon surfaces patterned with pillars and deposited with a hydrophobic coating were studied to demonstrate how the effects of pitch value, droplet size and impact velocity influence the transition from a composite state to a wetted state. In order to fabricate hierarchical structures, a low-cost and flexible technique that involves replication of microstructures and self-assembly of hydrophobic waxes is described. The influence of micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures on superhydrophobicity is discussed by the investigation of static contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, droplet evaporation and propensity for air pocket formation. In addition, their influence on adhesive force as well as efficiency of self-cleaning is discussed.
Design and implementation of a coprocessor for cryptography applications (1997)

In this paper, an ASIC suitable for cryptography applications based on modular arithmetic techniques, is presented. These applications, such as for example digital signature (DSA) and public key encryption and decryption (RSA) use, as basic operation, the modular exponentiation. This ASIC works as a coprocessor with a special set of instructions specialized in dealing with high accuracy integers, as well as on the rapid evaluation of modular multiplications and exponentiations. The algorithm, the hardware architecture the design methodology and the results are described in detail.
Response of prostate cancer to anti-Her-2/neu antibody in androgen-dependent and -independent human xenograft models. (1999)

Antibody to the Her-2/neu gene product has been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells overexpressing Her-2/neu and to have clinical utility in treating breast cancer. We studied a recombinant, humanized anti-Her-2/neu antibody (Herceptin) in preclinical models of human prostate cancer. The androgen-dependent CWR22 and LNCaP human prostate cancer xenograft models and androgen-independent sublines of CWR22 were used. Her-2/neu staining of the parental, androgen-dependent, and androgen-independent CWR22 tumors and LNCaP tumors demonstrated variable Her-2/neu expression. Herceptin was administered i.p. at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice weekly after the xenograft had been established. No effect of Herceptin on tumor growth was observed in any of the androgen-independent tumors; however, significant growth inhibition was observed in both of the androgen-dependent xenograft models, CWR22 (68% growth inhibition at the completion of the experiment; P = 0.03 for trajectories of the average tumor volume of the groups) and LNCaP (89% growth inhibition; P = 0.002). There was a significant increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) index (ng PSA/ml serum/mm3 tumor) in Herceptin-treated androgen-dependent groups compared with control (CWR22, 18-fold relative to pretreatment value versus 1.0-fold, P = 0.0001; LNCaP, 2.35-fold relative to pretreatment value versus 0.6-fold, P = 0.001). When paclitaxel (6.25 mg/kg s.c., five times/week) was given to animals with androgen-dependent and -independent tumors, there was growth inhibition in each group. Paclitaxel and Herceptin cotreatment led to greater growth inhibition than was seen for the agents individually. Thus, in these prostate cancer model systems, Herceptin alone has clinical activity only in the androgen-dependent tumor and has at least an additive effect on growth, in combination with paclitaxel, in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent tumors. Response to Herceptin did not correlate with the PSA levels, because the PSA index markedly increased in the Herceptin-treated group, whereas it remained constant in the control group. These results suggest the utility of Herceptin in the treatment of human prostate cancer.
Decreased expression of p107 is correlated with anaplastic transformation in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. (2004)

Our findings suggest that p107 plays a constitutive role in the progression of papillary carcinoma and that decreased p107 expression may contribute to the transformation from follicular adenoma to follicular carcinoma and anaplastic transformation.
Identification of a novel isoform of the retinoic acid receptor gamma expressed in the mouse embryo. (1990)

Retinoic acid is known to have profound effects on developmental processes. It has been implicated as a putative morphogen in the developing chick limb bud and regenerating amphibian limb blastema and has been demonstrated to have powerful teratogenic effects in mammals, including humans. Recently, three specific retinoic acid receptors (RARs), RAR alpha, -beta, and -gamma, were identified and shown to be members of the steroid receptor superfamily. We report the identification of a novel RAR gamma isoform, mRAR gamma B, which differs from the previously described mouse RAR gamma at its amino terminus. In addition, we show that both RAR gamma isoforms are expressed maximally at midgestation in structures known to be affected adversely by retinoic acid administration to pregnant mice. Multiple RAR isoforms, each of which may play a unique or combinatorial role as a regulator of mammalian development, are thus expressed in the mouse embryo.
A preprogrammed artificial neural network architecture in signal processing (2002)

A mask-programmable artificial neural network (ANN) chip architecture, the tile-based ANN chip assembly, test and simulation results, and use it in signal processing systems are presented. The ANN chip architecture itself is a critical portion of the development. It is presented as a tool, in an abstract fashion, and the system design it makes possible and the process by which algorithms are converted to silicon (chip floorplan, tiling, etc.) are emphasized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Capillary Electrophoresis Separations of Bundled and Individual Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been performed on polymer-stabilized bundles and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) suspensions of high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco)-produced single-walled carbon nanotubes. Real-time Raman spectroscopy has been used for detection and characterization of the separation process. Radial-breathing-mode vibrational frequencies are sensitive to nanotube diameter. Monitoring of these modes demonstrates the separation of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-stabilized tubes into fractions of differing bundle composition. Separations on SDS suspensions indicate that CE is capable of separating bundled nanotubes from isolated individuals on the basis of differences in nanotube mobility, depending on changes in diameter or bundle size.
Human gamma- to beta-globin gene switching in transgenic mice. (1990)

Previous studies demonstrated correct tissue- and temporal-specific expression of human gamma- and beta-globin genes in transgenic mice; however, expression was extremely low. When the erythroid-specific DNase I super-hypersensitive (HS) sites that are normally located upstream of the human beta-globin locus were fused individually to gamma- or beta-globin genes, expression increased to endogenous mouse globin levels but temporal specificity was lost. In contrast, when the HS sequences were combined with fragments containing both gamma- and beta-globin genes, correct developmental regulation was restored. We suggest that human gamma- to beta-globin gene switching during development results from competition of individual globin gene family members for interaction with the HS sequences and that factors influencing these competitive interactions determine temporal specificity.