gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Latest Advance in Hair Regeneration Therapy Using Proteins Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (2012)

Introduction: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that can be harvested from fat cells are one of the latest breakthroughs in the aesthetic field. In addition, basic studies have reported that ADSC conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) promotes skin and hair regeneration. We validate our novel approach, known as hair regenerative therapy, for hair growth treatment using ADSC-CM. Materials and Methods: ADSCs were cultured and expanded in hypoxic culture conditions, and ADSC-CM was collected. ADSC-CM includes various cytokines and growth factors that influence hair regrowth, to which we added buflomedyl, cysteine, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins. Protein solution from ADSC-CM was applied 4 to 6 times every 3 to 5 weeks by mesotherapy techniques such as nappage and papule injections. Satisfactory results of hair regenerative therapy in 12 women and 13 men were determined with a visual analog scale. Results: All patients experienced increased hair growth from the treatments with ADSC-CM. Four treatment sessions performed within 3 to 4 months provided especially good results. Scores on the visual analog scale increased with treatment frequency. Statistical significance was determined by Friedman's 2-way analysis of variance (P &lt; .01) and Wilcoxon's signed rank test (P &lt; .01). Discussion: ADSCs secrete cytokines, such as keratinocyte growth factor, vascular endotheliatl growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor. Those cytokines and growth factor are very important for hair growth. Our new therapy with ADSC-CM does not require specialized facilities, such as a cell-processing center, and can be a valuable treatment.
ADAR RNA editing below the backbone (2017)

ADAR RNA editing enzymes (<u>a</u>denosine <u>d</u>e<u>a</u>minases acting on <u>R</u>NA) that convert adenosine bases to inosines were first identified biochemically 30 years ago. Since then, studies on ADARs in genetic model organisms, and evolutionary comparisons between them, continue to reveal a surprising range of pleiotropic biological effects of ADARs. This review focuses on <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, which has a single <i>Adar</i> gene encoding a homolog of vertebrate ADAR2 that site-specifically edits hundreds of transcripts to change individual codons in ion channel subunits and membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. <i>Drosophila</i> ADAR is involved in the control of neuronal excitability and neurodegeneration and, intriguingly, in the control of neuronal plasticity and sleep. <i>Drosophila</i> ADAR also interacts strongly with RNA interference, a key antiviral defense mechanism in invertebrates. Recent crystal structures of human ADAR2 deaminase domain-RNA complexes help to interpret available information on <i>Drosophila</i> ADAR isoforms and on the evolution of ADARs from tRNA deaminase ADAT proteins. ADAR RNA editing is a paradigm for the now rapidly expanding range of RNA modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs. Even with recent progress, much remains to be understood about these groundbreaking ADAR RNA modification systems.
Use of the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (gusA) gene as a reporter gene for analyzing promoters in lactic acid bacteria (1994)

A transcriptional fusion vector, designated pNZ272, based on the promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (gusA) of Escherichia coli as a reporter gene, has been constructed for lactic acid bacteria. The replicon of pNZ272 was derived from the Lactococcus lactis plasmid pSH71, allowing replication in a wide range of gram-positive bacteria and E. coli. The applicability of pNZ272 and the expression of the gusA gene in L. lactis was demonstrated in shotgun cloning experiments with lactococcal chromosomal and bacteriophage DNA. In addition, three defined lactococcal promoters were inserted in pNZ272: the plasmid-derived lacA promoter, the chromosomal usp45 promoter, and a promoter from bacteriophage phi SK11G. The three resulting plasmids showed beta-glucuronidase activity in a gusA-deficient E. coli strain and in four species of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc. The copy numbers of the gusA-expressing plasmids were similar within a single species of lactic acid bacteria. However, the specific beta-glucuronidase activity and the gusA mRNA levels varied considerably both within a single species and among different species of lactic acid bacteria. The transcriptional start site of all three promoters was determined and found to be identical in the different species. The results of this comparative promoter analysis indicate that the requirements for efficient transcription initiation differ among the lactic acid bacteria studied.
Formation of defects in cubic GaN grown on nano‐patterned 3C‐SiC (001) (2012)

Abstract We report an anisotropic formation of defects in cubic GaN grown on nano‐patterned 3C‐SiC/Si (001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Nano‐patterning of 3C‐SiC/Si (001) is achieved by nanosphere lithography and a reactive ion etching process. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the selective‐area‐grown cubic GaN nucleates in two structurally different domains, which most probably originate from the substrate. In adjacent domains the formation of defects, especially hexagonal inclusions, is different and leads to two different surface morphologies. The dominant phase within these domains was measured by electron backscatter diffraction. Optical properties were investigated by micro‐photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tetrazolium (MTT) Assay for Cellular Viability and Activity (2003)

In the course of examining the effects on cells of polyamines, their metabolites, and polyamine analogs, it is often necessary to make some measure of cellular activity as an indicator of cell damage or cytotoxicity. One of the simplest assays utilizes 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), a water-soluble yellow dye that is readily taken up by viable cells and reduced by the action of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (1). The reduction product is a water-insoluble blue formazan, that must then be dissolved for calorimetric measurement. Ethanol or propanol (2), acid-isopropanol (0.04M HCl in propan-2-ol) (3), acid-isopropanol plus 10% Triton X-100 (4), mineral oil (unspecified), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (5) have all been suggested. In the author’s hands DMSO was found to be the most satisfactory (Fig. 1).
Multispecificity of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies Raised against Advanced Glycation End Products (2013)

Our findings highlight AGEs and related modified proteins as a source of multispecific natural antibodies Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous and complex group of compounds that are formed when reducing sugars, such as dehydroascorbic acid, react in a nonenzymatic way with amino acids in proteins and other macromolecules. AGEs are prevalent in the diabetic vasculature and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in many different cell types affect the extracellular and intracellular structure and function. In the present study, we studied the immune response to the dehydroascorbic acid-derived AGEs and provide multiple lines of evidence suggesting that the AGEs could be an endogenous source of innate epitopes recognized by natural IgM antibodies. Prominent IgM titers to the AGEs were detected in the sera of normal mice and were significantly accelerated by the immunization with the AGEs. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a potentially fatal systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the increased production of autoantibodies, showed significantly higher serum levels of the IgM titer against the AGEs than healthy individuals. A progressive increase in the IgM response against the AGEs was also observed in the SLE-prone mice. Strikingly, a subset of monoclonal antibodies, showing a specificity toward the AGEs, prepared from normal mice immunized with the AGEs and from the SLE mice cross-reacted with the double-stranded DNA. Moreover, they also cross-reacted with several other modified proteins, including the acetylated proteins, suggesting that the multiple specificity of the antibodies might be ascribed, at least in part, to the increased electronegative potential of the proteins. These findings suggest that the protein modification by the endogenous carbonyl compounds, generating electronegative proteins, could be a source of multispecific natural antibodies.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Early Versus Late Enteral Iron Supplementation in Infants With a Birth Weight of Less Than 1301 Grams (2000)

EI is feasible and probably safe in infants with birth weight <1301 g. EI may reduce the incidence of ID and the number of late blood transfusions. ID may occur in very low birth weight infants despite early supplementation with iron and should be considered in the case of progressive anemia.preterm infant, iron supplementation, iron deficiency, blood transfusion.
Current Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders Among DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder Patients in Psychiatric Care in the Vantaa Depression Study (2002)

Most psychiatric patients with MDD have at least 1 current comorbid disorder. Comorbid disorders are associated not only with other comorbid disorders, but also with sociodemographic factors, inpatient versus outpatient status, and lifetime number of depressive episodes. The influence of these variations on current comorbidity patterns among MDD patients needs to be taken account of in treatment facilities.
Primary structure of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Neurospora crassa. (1985)

The complete amino acid sequence of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Neurospora crassa is reported. The subunit consists of 153 amino acids and has a Mr of 15,850. The primary structure was determined by automated and manual sequence analysis of peptides obtained by digestions of the carboxymethylated and aminoethylated enzyme with trypsin and thermolysin. The protein is devoid of tryptophan and methionine and displays a free amino terminus. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those from human erythrocyte, bovine erythrocyte, horse liver, swordfish liver, and yeast copper-zinc superoxide dismutases reveals a high degree of sequence homology among the six enzymes. Most prominently, the regions containing the amino acid residues participating in the metal-binding and the half-cystine residues forming the intramolecular disulfide bridge are highly conserved. The invariant amino acids Pro 74 and Asp 76 of the four vertebrate and yeast superoxide dismutases were found to be substituted by arginine and alanine, respectively, in the Neurospora enzyme. These radical substitutions occurring in the zinc ligand region, known to form a characteristic loop structure in bovine erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Tainer, J. A., Getzoff, E. D., Beem, K. M., Richardson, J. S., and Richardson, D. C. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 160, 181-217), however, do not affect the catalytic properties of the Neurospora enzyme.
A murine cDNA encodes a pan-epithelial glycoprotein that is also expressed on plasma cells (1992)

Using a subtractive cDNA approach, we have identified a number of genes expressed in murine plasmacytomas, but not B or pre-B lymphomas. One of these genes, 289A, expresses a 1.8-kb microsomally localized mRNA that encodes a 314-amino-acid protein containing a signal sequence and a hydrophobic transmembrane domain. Sequence comparison suggests that the predicted protein is the murine homologue of a human cell surface pan-epithelial glycoprotein known variously as EGP, GA733-2, KSA, and KS1/4, recognized by mAb HEA125, GA733, KS1/4, CO17-1A, M74, and 323/A3. The 289A mRNA is highly expressed in normal murine tissues containing epithelial cells, and at a low level in plasma cells induced by LPS stimulation of spleen B lymphocytes. It is expressed in 15 of 16 plasmacytomas, but at a much lower level, if at all, in pre-B or B lymphomas. In human B cell lines, 289A detects a 1.5-kb mRNA in the myeloma cell line 8226, but not in Burkitt's lymphoma or lymphoblastoid cell lines. Subsequent FACS analysis of human cell lines with the mAb GA733 and KS1/4 demonstrated concordant expression of the mRNA and the protein. We conclude that 289A is the murine homologue of EGP, GA733-2, KSA, and KS1/4 Ag. Although its expression was previously thought to be restricted to epithelial cells, it is also expressed in plasma cells and is a B lymphocyte differentiation Ag. Because of the multiplicity of names, we propose calling the human gene hEGP314, and the murine gene mEGP314.
Inhaled dry-powder formoterol and salmeterol in asthmatic patients: onset of action, duration of effect and potency (1997)

Salmeterol and formoterol are two long-acting beta2-agonists for inhalation, currently being used in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the onset of action, duration of effect and potency of these two beta2-agonists in asthmatic patients. Patients (n=28) were included on the basis of salbutamol stepwise reversibility (100, 100 and 200 microg, given cumulatively; total reversibility > or =15%). In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, the bronchodilating properties of formoterol 6, 12 and 24 microg were compared with the effects of salmeterol 50 microg. Formoterol was given via Turbuhaler and salmeterol via Diskhaler, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was monitored during 12 h. Formoterol at all doses had a more rapid onset than salmeterol as judged from bronchodilation at 3 min after the dose. Formoterol at all doses had a similar duration of effect to salmeterol 50 microg, as judged from bronchodilation at 12 h after dose administration. When the relative potency of the two drugs was compared, salmeterol 50 microg was estimated to correspond to formoterol 9 microg (95% confidence interval: 3-19 microg). We confirm that formoterol and salmeterol are both long-acting beta2-agonists, but with some differences in effect profile. We confirm the more rapid onset of action of formoterol compared with salmeterol, and furthermore, no difference in duration of effect is evident.
Molecular Recognition of Oligosaccharide Epitopes by a Monoclonal Fab Specific for Shigella flexneri Y Lipopolysaccharide:  X-ray Structures and Thermodynamics, (2002)

The antigenic recognition of Shigella flexneri O-polysaccharide, which consists of a repeating unit ABCD [-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->], by the monoclonal antibody SYA/J6 (IgG3, kappa) has been investigated by crystallographic analysis of the Fab domain and its two complexes with two antigen segments (a pentasaccharide Rha A-Rha B-Rha C-GlcNAc D-Rha A' and a modified trisaccharide Rha B-Rha C-GlcNAc D in which Rha C* is missing a C2-OH group). These complex structures, the first for a Fab specific for a periodic linear heteropolysaccharide, reveal a binding site groove (between the V(H) and V(L) domains) that makes polar and nonpolar contacts with all the sugar residues of the pentasaccharide. Both main-chain and side-chain atoms of the Fab are used in ligand binding. The charged side chain of Glu H50 of CDR H2 forms crucial hydrogen bonds to GlcNAc of the oligosaccharides. The modified trisaccharide is more buried and fits more snugly than the pentasaccharide. It also makes as many contacts (approximately 75) with the Fab as the pentasaccharide, including the same number of hydrogen bonds (eight, with four being identical). It is further engaged in more hydrophobic interactions than the pentasaccharide. These three features favorable to trisaccharide binding are consistent with the observation of a tighter complex with the trisaccharide than the pentasaccharide. Thermodynamic data demonstrate that the native tri- to pentasaccharides have free energies of binding in the range of 6.8-7.4 kcal mol(-1), and all but one of the hydrogen bonds to individual hydroxyl groups provide no more than approximately 0.7 kcal mol(-1). They further indicate that hydrophobic interactions make significant contributions to binding and, as the native epitope becomes larger across the tri-, tetra-, pentasaccharide series, entropy contributions to the free energy become dominant.
Flexible architectural support for fine-grain scheduling (2010)

To make efficient use of CMPs with tens to hundreds of cores, it is often necessary toexploit fine-grain parallelism. However, managing tasks of a few thousand instructions is particularly challenging, as the runtime must ensure load balance without compromisinglocalityandintroducingsmalloverheads.Software-onlyschedulers can implement various scheduling algorithms that match the characteristics of different applications and programming models, but suffersignificant overheads astheysynchronize andcommunicatetaskinformationoverthedeepcachehierarchyofalarge-scale CMP. To reduce these costs, hardware-only schedulers like Carbon, which implement task queuing and scheduling in hardware, have been proposed. However, a hardware-only solution fixes the scheduling algorithm and leavesno room for other uses of the custom hardware. This paper presents a combined hardware-software approach to build fine-grain schedulers that retain the flexibility of software schedulers while being as fast andscalable as hardware ones. Wepropose asynchronous directmessages (ADM),asimplearchitectural extension that provides direct exchange of asynchronous, shortmessages betweenthreads intheCMPwithoutgoingthrough the memory hierarchy. ADMissufficient toimplement a familyof novel, software-mostly schedulers that rely on low-overhead messaging to efficiently coordinate scheduling and transfer task information. These schedulers matchand often exceed the performance and scalability of Carbon when using the same scheduling algorithm. When the ADM runtime tailors its scheduling algorithm to application characteristics,it outperforms Carbonby upto70%.
Deep Neural Networks for Single-Channel Multi-Talker Speech Recognition (2015)

We investigate techniques based on deep neural networks (DNNs) for attacking the single-channel multi-talker speech recognition problem. Our proposed approach contains five key ingredients: a multi-style training strategy on artificially mixed speech data, a separate DNN to estimate senone posterior probabilities of the louder and softer speakers at each frame, a weighted finite-state transducer (WFST)-based two-talker decoder to jointly estimate and correlate the speaker and speech, a speaker switching penalty estimated from the energy pattern change in the mixed-speech, and a confidence based system combination strategy. Experiments on the 2006 speech separation and recognition challenge task demonstrate that our proposed DNN-based system has remarkable noise robustness to the interference of a competing speaker. The best setup of our proposed systems achieves an average word error rate (WER) of 18.8% across different SNRs and outperforms the state-of-the-art IBM superhuman system by 2.8% absolute with fewer assumptions.
Application of Real-time Video Streaming and Analytics to Breakdown Rig Connection Process (2018)

Invisible lost time (ILT) has been estimated to contribute significantly to well construction costs. Reduction of drilling connection time can lead to significant savings, especially in offshore drilling projects. The overall time of a drilling connection can easily be measured using conventional sensors on the rig. However, to gain further insight into the source of operational inefficiencies it is beneficial to breakdown the overall drilling connection process into smaller sub-processes and quantify the time spent doing each. Current sensor technology does not allow us to easily measure these sub-processes on the rig. In this paper, we outline a deep learning-based computer vision method to analyze and measure such sub-processes within the overall drilling connection process using a real-time video feed. Video of the drilling connections is streamed in real-time using a novel IT framework. In a proof of concept exercise, we applied image recognition techniques to enable us to breakdown and classify the sub-processes during the drilling connections. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) - a deep learning algorithm - are used to analyze these video images frame by frame to identify rig activities. The workflow includes an analytics pipeline to capture video on the rig, transfer of data to the office, video recognition analysis, tabulation of results, and delivery of this result to a graphical interface for cognitive analytics. We performed experiments wherein CNNs were used on the video images to diagnose rig activities with good accuracy. Incorporating the temporal information using a recurrent network has been shown to further improve analysis accuracy. The described workflow is a suggested method for automating the detection of inefficiencies on drilling rigs using rig floor video and machine learning. For the demonstration case, we successfully analyzed video captured on an offshore rig and derived high value useful information using machine learning. This video analysis information can be further combined with conventional drilling sensor data to boost accuracy to identify and confirm rig activities and to quantify invisible lost time during each connection. The presented techniques demonstrate the potential of video analytics as a reliable, low-cost means to effectively "micro-analyze" various rig operations with the aim to identify and replicate best composite performance.
Rh D/d genotyping by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)

A safe and reliable method for determining RhD type (positive or negative) and zygosity (D/D or D/d) could have applications, for instance, in the prediction of the D genotype of a father in couples where there is an RhD-negative woman at risk of fetal alloimmunization. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is proposed as a novel, reliable and powerful method for quantitative evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. RhD is determined by amplifying a 136 bp region common to the RhCcEe and RhD genes and a 186 bp region specific of the RhD gene. RhD positive and negative samples are identified by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis, followed by silver staining of the DNA bands, and by CZE in sieving liquid polymers, with direct on-line peak densitometric evaluation by exploiting the intrinsic UV absorbance of the DNA fragments at 254 nm. The CZE method allows not only a reliable assessment of the RhD type (the presence of both 136 bp and 186 bp fragments indicating an RhD-positive type, the presence of only the 136 bp fragment indicating an RhD-negative type), but also a rapid determination of the zygosity based on the quantitative expression ratio of the 136 bp/186 bp pair. Thus, a 2:1 peak ratio clearly indicates a D/D homozygous individual, whereas a 3:1 peak ratio gives evidence of a D/d heterozygous individual.