gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled release systems for proteins based on gelatin microspheres (1995)

The preparation and characterization of biodegradable gelatin microspheres for the controlled release of peptides and proteins has been investigated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen for incorporation into the gelatin microspheres and the spheres were characterized for the in vitro release of BSA and other properties. BSA was labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for easy analysis. FITC-BSA was entrapped into the gelatin microspheres using a polymer dispersion technique developed in our earlier studies. The morphological characteristics of microspheres were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical and SEM photographs of FITC-BSA microspheres showed the solid spherical nature of the spheres. The entrapment efficiency of FITC-BSA was about 62%. The in vitro release pattern of FITC-BSA showed that 51% of the entrapped drug was released during the first day and the release followed approximate zero order kinetics from day 2 onwards. The total release of FITC-BSA lasted for about 8 days. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that BSA was not degraded by this preparation of microspheres.
The differential expression of LCK and BAFF-receptor and their role in apoptosis in human lymphomas. (2006)

The reciprocal expression pattern of LCK and BAFF-R in germinal center and mantle zone B cells may reflect their opposing roles in apoptosis. Their detection in lymphoma tissue biopsies may therefore be of clinical relevance in predicting response to treatment.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE STEERING ON A MULTIPLE TRAILER LONG COMBINATION VEHICLE (2024)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;In order to introduce longer heavy vehicles with multiple articulation joints between vehicle units into the UK and other European countries, rear steering of the trailing vehicle units is required to allow for sufficient manoeuvrability. An extensive program of research has been undertaken into trailer steering technologies in recent years. Such systems can enable significantly longer heavy vehicles to negotiate narrow roads. It is thought that this same technology could be used in military supply operations.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Possible benefits of using multiple-trailer ‘long combination’ vehicles in military supply include: &lt;list list-type="roman-lower"&gt; &lt;list-item&gt; &lt;label&gt;(i)&lt;/label&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Fewer vehicles are needed to perform the same supply tasks. This means fewer drivers and consequently less exposure to threats, as well as improved productivity of each driver and vehicle.&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/list-item&gt; &lt;list-item&gt; &lt;label&gt;(ii)&lt;/label&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Longer vehicles can have 20% to 30% lower fuel consumption for a given freight task than conventional vehicles, depending on the configuration.&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/list-item&gt;&lt;/list&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Application of controlled steering on trailer axles provides further benefits. These include: &lt;list list-type="roman-lower"&gt; &lt;list-item&gt; &lt;label&gt;(i)&lt;/label&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Improved low-speed manoeuvrability gives better access to confined locations.&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/list-item&gt; &lt;list-item&gt; &lt;label&gt;(ii)&lt;/label&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Eliminating tire scrubbing in sharp corners significantly reduces tire wear.&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/list-item&gt; &lt;list-item&gt; &lt;label&gt;(iii)&lt;/label&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;By steering the axles at high speeds, it is possible to improved high-speed stability and reduce the risk of rollover: giving safer vehicles that are more tolerant to inexperienced drivers.&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/list-item&gt;&lt;/list&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This paper details the development and testing of trailer steering controllers for forward and reverse travel of a double trailer vehicle. Practical implementation of the controllers on the Cambridge Vehicle Dynamics Consortium’s Long Combination Vehicle (LCV) is outlined, and test results of the system’s low speed forward and reversing performance are shown.&lt;/p&gt;
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and primary structure identification of corn peptides by HPLC-diode array detection and HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2015)

Corn peptides (CPs) are reported to have many biological functions, such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, antioxidation, antitumor, antihypertension, and hepatoprotection. To develop a method for quality control, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was applied. Twenty-eight common peaks were found in all the CPs of corn samples from Enshi, China, based on which, a fingerprinting chromatogram was established for use in quality control in future research. Subsequently, the major chemical constituents of these common peaks were identified respectively using the HPLC-diode-array detection electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI-MS/MS) system, and 48 peptide fractions were determined ultimately. This was the first time for the majority of these peptides to be reported, and many of them contained amino acids of glutamine (Q), L and A, which might play an important role in the exhibition of the bioactivities of CPs. Many peptides had a similar primary structure to the peptides which had been proven to be bioactive such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This systematical analysis of the primary structure of CPs facilitated subsequent studies on the relationship between the structures and functions, and could accelerate holistic research on CPs.
Evidence that ceramide mediates the ability of tumor necrosis factor to modulate primitive human hematopoietic cell fates (2000)

In this study, it is shown that short-term exposure of normal human marrow CD34+CD38− cells to low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the presence of 100 ng/mL Flt3 ligand and Steel factor and 20 ng/mL interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, in either bulk or single-cell serum-free cultures, markedly reduces their ability subsequently to generate colony-forming cells (CFCs) in 6-week stromal cell–containing long-term cultures without affecting their viability, mitogenic response, or short-term ability to produce CFCs. A similar differential effect on the functional attributes of CD34+CD38− cells was seen when C2- or C6-ceramide, but not dihydro-C2-ceramide (an inactive analog of ceramide), was substituted for TNF. The addition of D-erythro-MAPP (a specific inhibitor of intracellular ceramide degradation) enhanced the ability of TNF to selectively eliminate long-term culture–initiating cell (LTC-IC) activity. These findings indicate that TNF can directly modulate the ability of CD34+CD38− cells to maintain their LTC-IC function at doses below those required to initiate apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or both, and they suggest that this may be mediated by the TNF-induced generation of intracellular ceramide. Identification of a signaling intermediate that can influence primitive hematopoietic cell fate decisions offers a new approach to the investigation of signaling mechanisms in normal stem cell populations and to how these may be altered in leukemic cells.
Iron Sulfide Scale Dissolvers: How Effective Are They? (2013)

Abstract Many Khuff reservoir gas wells in Saudi Aramco fields are classified as sour producers with H2S levels as much as 8 mol% and CO2 contents as much as 5 mol%. Despite being completed with carbon steel tubular, corrosion failure has not been a major issue even after more than 20 years of service. On the other hand, most wells are experiencing scale buildup in production strings, causing an estimated production loss of up to 7 MMscfd for some wells. Besides, scale deposits are limiting well access for downhole surveillance and intervention. Significant efforts have been taken to understand the scale formation mechanisms. Extensive scale samples have been collected and characterized over the years. Although the exact chemical compositions change from well to well and also vary with depth in a given well, the scale deposits are usually mixtures of many compounds and often dominated with iron sulfide minerals. These iron sulfides include pyrrhotite, troilite, mackinawite, greigite, pyrite and marcasite. Other iron containing compounds, such as iron oxide and iron carbonate, are also found in significant amounts in most cases. Additionally, mineral scales, such as calcium carbonate and barium, strontium and calcium sulfate, are often present. Both mechanical and chemical methods have been applied for scale removal. Chemical dissolvers based on concentrated hydrochloric acid have been the most effective solvents. This types of dissolvers are very corrosive to well completion metallurgy at elevated temperatures, and the spent acids can cause severe formation damage due to re-precipitation of iron sulfides, if entering the near wellbore area. The rapid generation of large amounts of H2S gas creates a potentially lethal health hazard. This paper presents an effort to identify alternative dissolvers with high dissolving power and low corrosivity to carbon steel.
Metallic Double Shell Hollow Nanocages: The Challenges of Their Synthetic Techniques (2012)

Hollow metallic nanoparticles have been attracting the attention of many researchers in the past five years due to their new properties and potential applications. The unique structure of the hollow nanoparticles; presence of two surfaces (internal and external), and the presence of both cavities and pores in the wall surfaces of these nanoparticles are responsible for their unique properties and applications. Here the galvanic replacement technique is used to prepare nanocages made of gold, platinum, and palladium. In addition, hollow double shell nanoparticles are made of two metal shells like Au-Pt, Pt-Au, Au-Pd, Pd-Au, Pd-Pt, and Pt-Pd. Silver nanocubes are used as templates during the synthesis of hollow nanoparticles with single metal shell or double shell nanocages. Most of the problems that could affect the synthesis of solid Silver nanocubes used as template as well as the double shell nanocages and their possible solutions are discussed in a detail. The sizes and shapes of the single-shell and double-shell nanocages were characterized by a regular and high-resolution TEM. A SEM mapping technique is also used to image the surface atoms for the double shell hollow nanoparticles in order to determine the thickness of the two metal shells. In addition, optical studies are used to monitor the effect of the dielectric properties of the other metals on the plasmonic properties of the gold nanoshell in these mixed nanoparticles.
Human Perivascular Stem Cells Show Enhanced Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis with Nel-Like Molecule I Protein (2013)

An ideal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) source for bone tissue engineering has yet to be identified. Such an MSC population would be easily harvested in abundance, with minimal morbidity and with high purity. Our laboratories have identified perivascular stem cells (PSCs) as a candidate cell source. PSCs are readily isolatable through fluorescent-activated cell sorting from adipose tissue and have been previously shown to be indistinguishable from MSCs in the phenotype and differentiation potential. PSCs consist of two distinct cell populations: (1) pericytes (CD146+, CD34-, and CD45-), which surround capillaries and microvessels, and (2) adventitial cells (CD146-, CD34+, and CD45-), found within the tunica adventitia of large arteries and veins. We previously demonstrated the osteogenic potential of pericytes by examining pericytes derived from the human fetal pancreas, and illustrated their in vivo trophic and angiogenic effects. In the present study, we used an intramuscular ectopic bone model to develop the translational potential of our original findings using PSCs (as a combination of pericytes and adventitial cells) from human white adipose tissue. We evaluated human PSC (hPSC)-mediated bone formation and vascularization in vivo. We also examined the effects of hPSCs when combined with the novel craniosynostosis-associated protein, Nel-like molecule I (NELL-1). Implants consisting of the demineralized bone matrix putty combined with NELL-1 (3 μg/μL), hPSC (2.5×10(5) cells), or hPSC+NELL-1, were inserted in the bicep femoris of SCID mice. Bone growth was evaluated using microcomputed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry over 4 weeks. Results demonstrated the osteogenic potential of hPSCs and the additive effect of hPSC+NELL-1 on bone formation and vasculogenesis. Comparable osteogenesis was observed with NELL-1 as compared to the more commonly used bone morphogenetic protein-2. Next, hPSCs induced greater implant vascularization than the unsorted stromal vascular fraction from patient-matched samples. Finally, we observed an additive effect on implant vascularization with hPSC+NELL-1 by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry, accompanied by in vitro elaboration of vasculogenic growth factors. These findings hold significant implications for the cell/protein combination therapy hPSC+NELL-1 in the development of strategies for vascularized bone regeneration.
The influence of nitrogen on deuterium permeation through tungsten (2014)

Mixed deuterium–nitrogen ion-driven permeation experiments through tungsten were performed as a function of temperature (600 < T < 1000 K). The influence of nitrogen resulted in a strong increase in the permeation flux at T < 900 K with decreasing temperature. An order of magnitude increase was observed at T = 650 K. A simple transport model was used to determine order of magnitude estimates of the nitrogen-induced changes to deuterium surface recombination coefficient and diffusivity.
Specificity, duplex degradation and subcellular localization of antagomirs (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of 20-23-nt long regulators of gene expression. The study of miRNA function in mice and potential therapeutic approaches largely depend on modified oligonucleotides. We recently demonstrated silencing miRNA function in mice using chemically modified and cholesterol-conjugated RNAs termed 'antagomirs'. Here, we further characterize the properties and function of antagomirs in mice. We demonstrate that antagomirs harbor optimized phosphorothioate modifications, require 419-nt length for highest efficiency and can discriminate between single nucleotide mismatches of the targeted miRNA. Degradation of different chemically protected miRNA/antagomir duplexes in mouse livers and localization of antagomirs in a cytosolic compartment that is distinct from processing (P)-bodies indicates a degradation mechanism independent of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Finally, we show that antagomirs, although incapable of silencing miRNAs in the central nervous system (CNS) when injected systemically, efficiently target miRNAs when injected locally into the mouse cortex. Our data further validate the effectiveness of antagomirs in vivo and should facilitate future studies to silence miRNAs for functional analysis and in clinically relevant settings.
Model driven distribution pattern design for dynamic web service compositions (2006)

Web service compositions are often used to realise service-based enterpriseapplications. These enterprise systems are built from many existing discreteapplications, often legacy applications exposed using Web service interfaces.Acceptance of these systems is often constrained by non-functional aspects,such as Quality of Service (QoS). A number of factors affect the QoS of anenterprise system, including availability, scalability and performance. Thereare a number of architectural configurations or distribution patterns, whichexpress how a composed system is to be deployed. These distribution patternshave a direct impact upon the QoS of the composition. However, the amount ofcode required to realise these distribution patterns is considerable. Additionally, there is an increased deployment time associated with setting updifferent distribution patterns. We therefore propose a novel approach whichcombines a Model Driven Architecture using UML 2.0 for modeling andsubsequently generating Web service compositions, with a method for achieving dynamic decentralised interaction amongst services with reduced deployment overheads. These approaches combined provide for the generation of dynamic Web service compositions driven by a distribution pattern model.
Tissue‐based stem cells: ABC transporter proteins take centre stage (2003)

In adult tissues, with the notable exception of the haematopoietic system, the identity of somatic stem cells has often been inferred based on no more evidence than their location. Functional data (clonogenicity) to confirm such an appellation has been absent due to the inability to find appropriate cellular markers with which to isolate live stem cells. Flow cytometry has isolated haematopoietic stem cells based on their ability to exclude Hoechst dye. Named the side population (SP), this phenotype may be a universal marker of stem cells in adult tissues.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Resveratrol and Analogues as Apoptosis-Inducing Agents (2003)

Resveratrol 1 (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin present in grapes and other food products, has recently been suggested as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent based on its striking inhibitory effects on cellular events associated with cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. This triphenolic stilbene has also displayed in vitro growth inhibition in a number of human cancer cell lines. In this context, a series of cis- and trans-stilbene-based resveratrols were prepared with the aim of discovering new lead compounds with clinical potential. All the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for cell growth inhibition and the ability to induce apoptosis in HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. The tested trans-stilbene derivatives were less potent than their corresponding cis isomers, except for trans-resveratrol, whose cis isomer was less active. The best results were obtained with compounds 11b and 7b, the cis-3,5-dimethoxy derivatives of rhapontigenin 10a (3,5,3'-trihydroxy-4'methoxy-trans-stilbene) and its 3'-amino derivative 10b, respectively, which showed apoptotic activity at nanomolar concentrations. The corresponding trans isomers 12b and 8b were less active both as antiproliferative and as apoptosis-inducing agents. Of interest, 11b and 7b were active toward resistant HL60R cells and their activity was higher than that of several classic chemotherapeutic agents. The flow cytometry assay showed that at 50 nM compounds 7b or 11b were able to recruit almost all cells in the apoptotic sub-G(0)-G(1) peek, thus suggesting that the main mechanism of cytotoxicity of these compounds could be the activation of apoptosis. These data indicate unambiguously that structural alteration of the stilbene motif of resveratrol can be extremely effective in producing potent apoptosis-inducing agents.
Tandem Autologous/Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation Versus Autologous Transplantation in Myeloma: Long-Term Follow-Up (2011)

In patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma, long-term outcome with respect to progression-free survival, overall survival, and relapse rate is superior after auto-allo compared with auto only. Nonrelapse mortality is at a reasonable level in both groups.
Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases (2013)

A cornerstone of modern biomedical research is the use of mouse models to explore basic pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluate new therapeutic approaches, and make go or no-go decisions to carry new drug candidates forward into clinical trials. Systematic studies evaluating how well murine models mimic human inflammatory diseases are nonexistent. Here, we show that, although acute inflammatory stresses from different etiologies result in highly similar genomic responses in humans, the responses in corresponding mouse models correlate poorly with the human conditions and also, one another. Among genes changed significantly in humans, the murine orthologs are close to random in matching their human counterparts (e.g., R(2) between 0.0 and 0.1). In addition to improvements in the current animal model systems, our study supports higher priority for translational medical research to focus on the more complex human conditions rather than relying on mouse models to study human inflammatory diseases.
Induction of Immune Responses against Glycosphingolipid Antigens: Comparison of Antibody Responses in Mice Immunized with Antigen Associated with Liposomes Prepared from Various Phospholipids (2005)

The immune responses of mice against glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens and the effect of the phospholipid composition of liposomes on the immunogenicity in mice of liposome-associated GSL antigens were examined. The immunization with GSL antigen alone was unable to induce any detectable anti-GSL antibody responses. On the other hand, the immune responses against GSL antigens were detected after immunization with liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) (0.5 micromol), cholesterol (Chol) (0.5 micromol), Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) (DPPC-liposome). However, the administration with liposome composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) (0.5 micromol), Chol (0.5 micromol), S. minnesota R595 LPS (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) and with liposomes composed of distearylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) (0.5 micromol), Chol (0.5 micromol), and S. minnesota R595 LPS (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) was ineffective for the induction of the immune responses against GSL antigens. These results suggest that DPPC-liposome would serve effectively as a delivery vehicle for inducing immune responses against GSL antigen.
Role of set‐point theory in regulation of body weight (1990)

In adult individuals body weight is maintained at a relatively stable level for long periods. The set‐point theory suggests that body weight is regulated at a predetermined, or preferred, level by a feedback control mechanism. Information from the periphery is carried by an affector to a central controller located in the hypothalamus. The controller integrates and transduces the information into an effector signal that modulates food intake or energy expenditure to correct any deviations in body weight from set‐point. Evidence for involvement of various factors and physiological systems in the control of food intake and regulation of body weight and fat are reviewed within the context of a control model. Current working hypotheses include roles for nutrients, dietary composition and organoleptic properties, hormones, neural pathways, various brain nuclei, and many neurotransmitters in the regulation of food intake. It is concluded that regulation of body weight in relation to one specific parameter related to energy balance is unrealistic. It seems appropriate to assume that the level at which body weight and body fat content are maintained represents the equilibria achieved by regulation of many parameters.— H arris , R. B. S. Role of set‐point theory in regulation of body weight. FASEB J. 4: 3310–3318; 1990.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group E Cells Lack a Nuclear Factor That Binds to Damaged DNA (1988)

The disease xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by deficient repair of damaged DNA. Fusions of cells from different patients have defined nine genetic complementation groups (A through I), implying that DNA repair in humans involves multiple gene products. In this report, an extension of the gel electrophoresis binding assay was used to identify at least one nuclear factor that (i) bound to DNA damaged by ultraviolet radiation or the antitumor drug cisplatin, but (ii) was notably absent in cells from complementation group E. Therefore, the factor appears to participate in a versatile DNA repair pathway at the stage of binding and recognition.