gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of NKT Cells Protects Mice from Tuberculosis (2002)

The T-cell immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical in preventing clinical disease. While it is generally accepted that both major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-restricted CD8(+) and MHC-II-restricted CD4(+) T cells are important for the immune response to M. tuberculosis, the role of non-MHC-restricted T cells is still not clearly delineated. We have previously reported that CD1d(-/-) mice do not differ from CD1d(+/+) mice in their survival following infection with M. tuberculosis. We now show that, although CD1d-restricted NKT cells are not required for optimum immunity to M. tuberculosis, specific activation of NKT cells by the CD1d ligand alpha-galactosylceramide protects susceptible mice from tuberculosis. Treatment with alpha-galactosylceramide reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs, diminished tissue injury, and prolonged survival of mice following inoculation with virulent M. tuberculosis. The capacity of activated NKT cells to stimulate innate immunity and modulate the adaptive immune response to promote a potent antimicrobial immune response suggests that alpha-galactosylceramide administration could have a role in new strategies for the therapy of infectious diseases.
HER3 mRNA as a predictive biomarker in anticancer therapy (2010)

HER3 mRNA levels may be a biomarker for active ligand-induced HER2-HER3 signaling, with low HER3 mRNA levels correlated with clinical benefit from the HER2-HER3 dimerization inhibitor pertuzumab.
CompactKdt: Compact signatures for accurate large scale object recognition (2012)

We present a novel algorithm, Compact Kd-Trees (CompactKdt), that achieves state-of-the-art performance in searching large scale object image collections. The algorithm uses an order of magnitude less storage and computations by making use of both the full local features (e.g. SIFT) and their compact binary signatures to build and search the K-Tree. We compare classical PCA dimensionality reduction to three methods for generating compact binary representations for the features: Spectral Hashing, Locality Sensitive Hashing, and Locality Sensitive Binary Codes. CompactKdt achieves significant performance gain over using the binary signatures alone, and comparable performance to using the full features alone. Finally, our experiments show significantly better performance than the state-of-the-art Bag of Words (BoW) methods with equivalent or less storage and computational cost.
Mutations in the DDR2 Kinase Gene Identify a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

DDR2 mutations are present in 4% of lung SCCs, and DDR2 mutations are associated with sensitivity to dasatinib. These findings provide a rationale for designing clinical trials with the FDA-approved drug dasatinib in patients with lung SCCs.
TAILORING TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS USING ELECTROSTATIC PROCESSING TECHNIQUES: A STUDY OF POLY(GLYCOLIC ACID) ELECTROSPINNING (2001)

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has long been a popular polymer in the tissue engineering field. PGA possesses many favorable properties such as biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and tensile strength. The traditional fiber formation techniques of melt extrusion and cold-drawing are generally limited to fibers of 10–12 μm in diameter. Electrostatic spinning, or electrospinning, is an attractive approach for the production of much smaller diameter fibers which are of interest as tissue engineering scaffolds. We demonstrate the ability to control the fiber diameter of PGA as a function of solution concentration and fiber orientation, as well as show a correlation between the fiber orientation, elastic modulu, and strain to failure of PGA in a uniaxial model.
Teratogenic Effects Mediated by Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases:  Evidence from Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of 20 Valproic Acid Derivatives (2006)

The widely used antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA), which is also used in migraine prophylaxis and the treatment of bipolar disorders, is also under trial as an anticancer agent. Despite its wide range of therapeutic applications, VPA also has two severe side effects: acute liver toxicity and teratogenicity. The mechanism of action for all these properties is unknown to date, but recently, it was shown that VPA is able to inhibit the enzyme class of histone deacetylases (HDACs), proteins with a fundamental impact on gene expression and therefore possible molecular targets of VPA-induced signaling cascades. The purpose of this study was to determine if teratogenic side effects of VPA could be linked to its HDAC inhibition ability by studying a large set of structurally diverse derivatives based on the VPA core structure. We demonstrate that only VPA derivatives with a teratogenic potential in mice are able to induce a hyperacetylation in core histone H4 in teratocarcinoma F9 cells. We also demonstrate that this marker of functional HDAC inhibition occurs almost immediately (15 min) after exposure of F9 cells to VPA, whereas no influence on the HDAC protein levels (HDAC 2 and HDAC 3) could be detected even after 24 h of treatment. Further measurement of the IC50(HDAC) values of VPA derivatives in a human HDAC enzyme test system revealed an activity range from 10 to 10 000 microM; in some derivatives, HDAC inhibition ability was 40 times that of VPA. We also show a quantitative correlation between the IC50(HDAC) and the teratogenic potential of VPA derivatives, which clearly points toward HDACs as the formerly described teratogenic receptors of VPA-induced neural tube defects (NTDs).
Reduction of declinations of paris observed by the ILS from 1900 to 1935 to a common system (1967)

Reduction of declinations and proper motions of star pairs observed by International Latitude Service from 1900 to 1935 to common system
Some Highlights of Virus Research in 1990 (1991)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Kinetic characterization of the substrate reaction between a complex of antithrombin with a synthetic reactive-bond loop tetradecapeptide and four target proteinases of the inhibitor. (1992)

A tetradecapeptide corresponding to the P1 to P14 region of the reactive-bond loop of antithrombin (AT) binds to the inhibitor, presumably as a middle strand of the A beta-sheet, thereby converting AT from an inhibitor to a substrate of thrombin (Björk, I., Ylinenjärvi, K., Olson, S.T., and Bock, P. E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1976-1982). The kinetics of cleavage of the AT reactive bond in the AT-peptide complex by four target proteinases were quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and densitometry. The kcat/Km values for thrombin and factor IXa were indistinguishable from the second-order rate constants for AT inhibition of these enzymes, whereas the values for factor Xa and plasmin were 10-17-fold higher than the inhibition rate constants. Heparin with high affinity for AT accelerated the substrate reaction with thrombin to an extent consistent with the reduced heparin affinity of the AT-peptide complex. These data show that blocking by the peptide of the putative intramolecular association of the P1 to P14 region of the AT reactive-bond loop with the A beta-sheet leads to AT functioning as a substrate of its target enzymes with an efficiency that equals or exceeds the action of uncomplexed AT as an inhibitor and with the expected heparin activation. The results thus suggest that a substrate-like attack of the proteinase on the inhibitor reactive bond in an exposed loop initiates the inhibition reaction. This attack presumably induces the subsequent trapping of the enzyme by the insertion of the reactive-bond loop into the A beta-sheet.
Many multipotential gene-marked progenitor or stem cell clones contribute to hematopoiesis in nonhuman primates (2000)

Retroviral insertion site analysis was used to track the contribution of retrovirally transduced primitive progenitors to hematopoiesis after autologous transplantation in the rhesus macaque model. CD34-enriched mobilized peripheral blood cells were transduced with retroviral marking vectors containing the neo gene and were reinfused after total body irradiation. High-level gene transfer efficiency allowed insertion site analysis of individual myeloid and erythroid colony-forming units (CFU) and of highly purified B- and T-lymphoid populations in 2 animals. At multiple time points up to 1 year after transplantation, retroviral insertion sites were identified by performing inverse polymerase chain reaction and sequencing vector-containing CFU or more than 99% pure T- and B-cell populations. Forty-eight unique insertion sequences were detected in the first animal and also in the second animal, and multiple clones contributed to hematopoiesis at 2 or more time points. Multipotential clones contributing to myeloid and lymphoid lineages were identified. These results support the concept that hematopoiesis in large animals is polyclonal and that individual multipotential stem or progenitor cells can contribute to hematopoiesis for prolonged periods. Gene transfer to long-lived, multipotent clones is shown and is encouraging for human gene therapy applications.
Angiographic assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: results of a Consensus Conference of the Task Force for Thoracic Organ Transplantation of the German Cardiac Society (2010)

Angiograms of cardiac transplant (HTx) recipients were to be evaluated in a ring experiment and a joint consensus on criteria of angiographic evaluation of coronary arteries of HTx patients was to be reached. Twenty-four coronary angiograms from 11 hospitals were circulated. One hundred eighty-eight blinded evaluations were returned. A joint evaluation by six experienced cardiologists was used as reference standard and a consensus evaluation form was developed. Significant lesions (stenosis 75%, 50% in the left main coronary artery) were diagnosed in 10/23 abnormal coronary angiograms (41.7%). Interventional revascularization was recommended in 8/10 (80%). In 21 coronary angiograms distal pruning was found and in 11/21 (52.4%) cases with distal pruning occlusion of at least one peripheral vessel was detected. The best kappa value (0.7) was found for the presence of at least one clinically significant stenosis. Agreement on the site and grade of local stenosis was much less. Some agreement on remodeling was found in assessing diffuse narrowing in the LCA (kappa=0.371, P<0.001). The kappa value for peripheral obliteration was 0.331 (P=0.001). Angiographic evaluation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, particularly of diffuse and peripheral disease and remodeling, needs standardization. This should be performed in a downward compatible improvement process.
Aberrant somatic hypermutation in multiple subtypes of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2003)

The pathogenesis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas (AIDS-NHLs) is associated with chromosomal translocations that deregulate the expression of various oncogenes. Recently, a novel mechanism of genetic lesion, termed aberrant hypermutation, has been identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of immunocompetent hosts. In these tumors, the somatic hypermutation (SHM) process that normally targets immunoglobulin V (IgV) genes in B cells appears to misfire and causes mutations in the 5' sequences of multiple proto-oncogenes, including PIM-1, PAX-5, RhoH/TTF, and c-MYC. To investigate whether aberrant hypermutation occurs also in AIDS-NHL, we studied the mutation profile of these 4 genes in various histologic subtypes. Mutations in 1 gene or more were detected in 19 of 39 (48.7%) AIDS-NHL cases (10 of 18 AIDS-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 4 of 11 AIDS-Burkitt lymphoma; 4 of 6 AIDS-primary effusion lymphoma; 1 of 4 AIDS-primary central nervous system lymphoma), with 9 of 39 (23.1%) cases carrying mutations in 2 or more genes. Overall, PIM-1 was mutated in 5 of 39 (12.8%), PAX-5 in 8 of 39 (20.5%), RhoH/TTF in 9 of 39 (23.1%), and c-MYC in 7 of 27 (25.9%) AIDS-NHL cases. Mutations were represented mainly by single base pair substitutions (n = 63) with rare deletions/insertions (n = 5) and displayed features typical of the IgV-associated SHM process. In addition, a number of mutations in PIM-1 and c-MYC were found to affect coding exons, leading to amino acid substitutions with likely functional consequences. Analysis of intraclonal heterogeneity documented that the aberrant hypermutation activity may be ongoing in at least some cases. These data indicate that aberrant hypermutation is associated with various subtypes of AIDS-NHL and may represent a major contributor to their pathogenesis.
Role of TGFβ/Smad Signaling in Gremlin Induction of Human Trabecular Meshwork Extracellular Matrix Proteins (2011)

Gremlin employs canonical TGFβ2/Smad signaling to induce ECM genes and proteins in cultured human TM cells. Gremlin also induces both TGFβ2 and CTGF, which can act downstream to mediate some of these ECM changes in TM cells.
Monolignol Ferulate Transferase Introduces Chemically Labile Linkages into the Lignin Backbone (2014)

Redesigning lignin, the aromatic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, to be more amenable to chemical depolymerization can lower the energy required for industrial processing. We have engineered poplar trees to introduce ester linkages into the lignin polymer backbone by augmenting the monomer pool with monolignol ferulate conjugates. Herein, we describe the isolation of a transferase gene capable of forming these conjugates and its xylem-specific introduction into poplar. Enzyme kinetics, in planta expression, lignin structural analysis, and improved cell wall digestibility after mild alkaline pretreatment demonstrate that these trees produce the monolignol ferulate conjugates, export them to the wall, and use them during lignification. Tailoring plants to use such conjugates during cell wall biosynthesis is a promising way to produce plants that are designed for deconstruction.
Microsomal Oxidases. I. The Isolation and Dialkylarylamine Oxygenase Activity of Pork Liver Microsomes* (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrosomal Oxidases. I. The Isolation and Dialkylarylamine Oxygenase Activity of Pork Liver Microsomes*D. M. Ziegler and F. H. PettitCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 9, 2932–2938Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00873a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (660 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Labor Induction versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women (2018)

Induction of labor at 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparous women did not result in a significantly lower frequency of a composite adverse perinatal outcome, but it did result in a significantly lower frequency of cesarean delivery. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; ARRIVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01990612 .).
Prognostic significance of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen in mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix. (1986)

Two murine monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were used to detect CEA by the immunoperoxidase staining method in mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of the expression of this antigen. The high affinity antibodies (Ha) detected CEA determinants in 53% of the 47 lesions studied while 40% of the epithelial changes were positive with the low affinity antibodies (La). Ha antibodies stained ten out of the 16 progressive lesions (62%), while La antibodies detected CEA determinants in 38% of these. Forty-eight per cent of the 23 regressive lesions were CEA positive with Ha and 39% with La antibodies respectively. The eight persistent lesions expressed CEA equally frequently (50%) with both antibodies. The results indicate that tissue CEA in patients with mild cervical dysplasia does not reflect malignant potential.
Performance comparison of CSMA/CA Advanced Infrared (AIr) and a new point-to-multipoint optical MAC protocol (2012)

Point-to-multipoint communication is the most common topology used in applications providing Internet service through access points. Optical communication is sensitive to shadowing and cannot efficiently use reliable carrier sensing in point-to-multipoint communication, causing serious problems since shadowed terminals behave like hidden terminals and cause collisions. Advanced Infrared (AIr) is the standard MAC protocol for wireless infrared LANs and is able to support point-to-multipoint communication even though it is not specifically designed for such communication. AIr also suffers from performance degradation as number of users varies. This paper demonstrates that the standard protocol is unable to simultaneously provide high channel use efficiency and low level access delay. The contribution of this paper is the introduction of a protocol specifically designed for point-to-multipoint communication without carrier sensing. An analytical model for performance evaluation of the proposed protocol is derived in terms of throughput and access delay. The proposed protocol is compared with AIr MAC layer in terms of delay and normalized throughput. Simulations verify both the analytical model and improved performance.
Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED) (2015)

There was substantial heterogeneity in pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhoea, with important determinants including age, geography, season, rotavirus vaccine usage, and symptoms. These findings suggest that although single-pathogen strategies have an important role in the reduction of the burden of severe diarrhoeal disease, the effect of such interventions on total diarrhoeal incidence at the community level might be limited.
Caspase inhibitor affords neuroprotection with delayed administration in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. (1998)

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a normal process in the developing nervous system. Recent data suggest that certain features seen in the process of programmed cell death may be favored in the developing versus the adult brain in response to different brain injuries. In a well characterized model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, we demonstrate marked but delayed cell death in which there is prominent DNA laddering, TUNEL-labeling, and nuclei with condensed chromatin. Caspase activation, which is required in many cases of apoptotic cell death, also followed a delayed time course after hypoxia-ischemia. Administration of boc-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone, a pan-caspase inhibitor, was significantly neuroprotective when given by intracerebroventricular injection 3 h after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. In addition, systemic injections of boc-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone also given in a delayed fashion, resulted in significant neuroprotection. These findings suggest that caspase inhibitors may be able to provide benefit over a prolonged therapeutic window after hypoxic-ischemic events in the developing brain, a major contributor to static encephalopathy and cerebral palsy.
The Mercury Project: A High Average Power, Gas-Cooled Laser for Inertial Fusion Energy Development (2007)

AbstractHundred-joule, kilowatt-class lasers based on diode-pumped solid-state technologies, are being developed worldwide for laser-plasma interactions and as prototypes for fusion energy drivers. The goal of the Mercury Laser Project is to develop key technologies within an architectural framework that demonstrates basic building blocks for scaling to larger multi-kilojoule systems for inertial fusion energy (IFE) applications. Mercury has requirements that include: scalability to IFE beamlines, 10 Hz repetition rate, high efficiency, and 109 shot reliability. The Mercury laser has operated continuously for several hours at 55 J and 10 Hz with fourteen 4 × 6 cm2 ytterbium doped strontium fluoroapatite amplifier slabs pumped by eight 100 kW diode arrays. A portion of the output 1047 nm was converted to 523 nm at 160 W average power with 73 % conversion efficiency using yttrium calcium oxy-borate (YCOB).
Phase I trial of intramuscularly administered tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer. (1989)

A phase I trial of intramuscularly administered recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) was conducted in 19 adult patients with advanced solid tumors. The agent was administered daily for up to five consecutive days every other week for two to four courses. Doses of rTNF ranged from 5 to 200 micrograms/m2/d. Dose-limiting toxicities were encountered at doses greater than 100 micrograms/m2/d. Toxicities included tenderness, erythema and induration at the site of injection, fatigue, fever, chills, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Moderate to marked reductions in WBC and platelet counts were observed regularly at the highest dose levels, but none were clinically significant. Hepatic enzyme elevation was seen frequently, and two patients developed hyperbilirubinemia. Only one of seven patients treated with doses greater than 100 micrograms/m2/d completed the planned course of therapy. Even at the highest dose levels, serum concentrations of rTNF could only rarely be detected in the serum. No therapeutic responses were observed. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of rTNF in this trial was 150 micrograms/m2/d, administered for two courses.
Characterization of a Secretory Type Theileria parva Glutaredoxin Homologue Identified by Novel Screening Procedure (1997)

The schizont stage of the protozoan parasite Theileria parva induces features characteristic of tumor cells in infected bovine T-cell lines. Most strikingly T. parva-infected cell lines acquire unlimited growth potential in vitro. Their proliferative state is entirely dependent on the presence of a viable parasite within the host cell cytoplasm. It has been postulated that parasite proteins either secreted into the host cell or expressed on the parasite surface membrane are involved in the parasite-host cell interaction. We used an in vitro transcription-translation-membrane translocation system to identify T. parva-derived cDNA clones encoding secretory or membrane proteins. Within 600 clones we found one encoding a 17-kDa protein which is processed by microsomal membranes to a 14-kDa protein (11E), presumably by signal peptidase. The processed form is expressed in the T-cell line TpM803 harboring viable parasites. By immunolocalization we show that the 11E protein mostly resides within the parasite, often in close vicinity to membranous structures, but in addition it appears at the surface membrane. Amino acid sequence comparison suggests that 11E belongs to the glutaredoxin family, but is unique so far in containing a signal sequence for endoplasmic reticulum membrane translocation.