gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 FOR TREATMENT OF OPEN TIBIAL FRACTURES (2002)

The rhBMP-2 implant was safe and, when 1.50 mg/mL was used, significantly superior to the standard of care in reducing the frequency of secondary interventions and the overall invasiveness of the procedures, accelerating fracture and wound-healing, and reducing the infection rate in patients with an open fracture of the tibia.
Mother's Own Milk, Donor Human Milk, and Preterm Formulas in the Feeding of Extremely Premature Infants (2007)

Significant benefits to infant host defense, sensory-neural development, gastrointestinal maturation, and some aspects of nutritional status are observed when premature infants are fed their mothers' own milk. A reduction in infection-related morbidity in human milk-fed premature infants has been reported in nearly 1 dozen descriptive, and a few quasirandomized, studies in the past 25 years. Studies on neurodevelopmental outcomes have reported significantly positive effects for human milk intake on mental and motor development, intelligence quotient, and visual acuity compared with the feeding of formula. Human milk-fed infants also have decreased rates of rehospitalization after discharge. It is unclear how much human milk is needed to provide protection or at what postnatal age the protective effects maximize. The data suggest that a specific dose of milk may be needed to confer protection. A detailed composition analysis of milk obtained from women delivering before 30 weeks of gestation is needed to determine if the "immature" milk contains the same functional bioactive factors as more mature milk. Furthermore, lactation strategies should be sought that increase mother's own milk production.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of the Degradation of an Oligonucleotide Protected by a Very Stable Hairpin (1996)

In vitro degradation of antisense oligonucleotides protected or not on their 3' side against enzymatic attack by a naturally forming hairpin has been studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The two oligonucleotides d(5"TTCTCGCGAAGC3') forming the hairpin and d(5"TTCTCCGGAAGC3') as a control were labeled on their 5' side by tetramethylrhodamine and on their 3' side by fluorescein. Fluorescein has been shown not to hinder the hairpin formation and to give an additional protection against nucleases. The FRET technique proved adequate for an in situ study of these protected antisense oligonucleotides in living cells.
New Automotive Sensors—A Review (2008)

This paper focuses on the primary automotive sensor technologies used today and their related system applications. This paper describes new automotive sensors that measure position, pressure, torque, exhaust temperature, angular rate, engine oil quality, flexible fuel composition, long-range distance, short-range distance, and ambient gas concentrations. In addition, new features are described for sensors that measure linear acceleration, exhaust oxygen, comfort/convenience factors, and night vision. New automotive system applications are described for sensors that measure speed/timing, mass air flow, and occupant safety/security.
Elevated plasma TIMP-1 and survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients (2008)

11077 Background: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) has been shown to have paradoxical multifunctional roles in tumorigenesis: inhibition of the catalytic activity of MMPs, growth promotion, inhibition of apoptosis, and regulation of angiogenesis. Increased TIMP-1 has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis in multiple cancers. Methods: EDTA plasma TIMP-1 was determined in 362 metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients using the TIMP-1 ELISA from Oncogene Science/Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA. All patients with CRPC and available plasma were identified from a single institutional database and were studied in test (n=60) and validation (n=302) sets. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 5.8 and 6.6 years, respectively. Approximately 1/3 had received prior chemotherapy and 223 patients (62%) had died. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling on plasma TIMP-1 tertiles. Results: Median plasma TIMP-1 levels were 335 and 183 ng/ml in the test and validation sets, respectively. Overall survival was significantly shorter with each higher tertile of TIMP-1 in both datasets (see table). In the validation set, multivariate analysis was performed with known prognostic factors in CRPC; TIMP-1, (high vs. low tertile, HR 2.4, p < 0.001), PSA (>20 vs ≤20 ng/ml), alkaline phosphatase (>102 vs. ≤ 102 U/L), ECOG PS (1+ vs 0) and Gleason score (≥8 vs <8) each remained significant covariates. Conclusions: Elevated plasma TIMP-1 levels predict decreased survival in metastatic CRPC patients, independent of known prognostic markers. Overall survival from the time of blood collection Test Set Validation Set Deaths/ Pts Median (mo) HR (95% CI),p vs. low Deaths/Pts Median (mo) HR (95% CI),p vs. low All patients 27/60 14 All patients 196/302 28 TIMP1 (ng/mL) TIMP1 (ng/mL) Low (<280) 7/20 22 1.0 Low (<159) 42/100 43 1.0 Medium 7/21 14 1.7 Medium 72/103 28 1.7 (1.2-2.5), (280-379) (0.6-4.8) (159-214) p=.007 High 13/19 6 4.5 (1.7-11.7), High 82/99 19 2.4 (1.7-3.5), (>380) p<.01 (>214) p<.001 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Oncogene Sciences/Siemens Siemens Oncogene Science/Siemens Oncogene Science/Siemens
Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Application as Novel Surfactants and Crystal Growth Modifiers (2001)

Double-hydrophilic block copolymers are a new class of amphiphilic molecules of rapidly increasing importance with unique and fascinating properties potentially connecting materials science, pharmacy, biochemistry and polymer science. Characteristic of these polymers is their application in aqueous environments and that amphiphilicity is just induced in the presence of a substrate or by temperature and pH changes, respectively. Their chemical structure may be tuned for a wide range of applications covering as different aspects as stabilization of colloids, crystal growth modification, induced micelle formation, polyelectrolyte complexing towards novel drug carrier systems. As the potential of this novel polymer class is relatively unexplored yet, it can be expected that more applications will arise due to the possibility to adapt the chemical structure to either the desired substrate in contact with water or the stimulus for the induction of structural changes. This review describes the synthetic strategies towards these AB block copolymers, as well as their applications.
Hairy cell interactions with extracellular matrix: expression of specific integrin receptors and their role in the cell's response to specific adhesive proteins (1994)

Integrin/extracellular-matrix interactions are central to the migration, localization, and subsequent function of lymphocytes within tissues. In hairy cell leukemia (HCL) the malignant cells display a highly characteristic tissue distribution in which interactions with extracellular matrix (ECM) are often prominent. Therefore, we used HCL as a model in which to investigate the poorly understood integrin/ECM interactions that underlie the migratory behavior of malignant B lymphocytes. Using a combined approach involving immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation analysis, hairy cells (HCs) were shown to have a consistent and distinctive phenotype (mainly alpha 4 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, alpha v beta 1, and alpha v beta 3). Furthermore, functional studies utilising adhesion assays, time-lapse video-microscopy and image analysis showed that the HCs displayed very specific adhesive behaviour in response to relevant adhesive protein ligands. HCs were able to adhere to different extents on all the adhesive proteins examined, but, on laminin and collagen, binding was weak with little cytoplasmic spreading. In contrast, the cells showed strong adhesion both to fibronectin (FN) and to vitronectin (VN). On FN, the cells spread extensively with nonpolarized cytoplasmic projections, whereas on VN cytoplasmic projections were markedly polarized. This polarized morphology was shown to reflect cell motility. Investigation of the role of individual integrin receptors in the cell movement response suggested that alpha v beta 3 is the major integrin responsible for this motile behavior. These results are discussed in relation to the limited previous data on leukemic and activated B-cell integrins, and we suggest that the HC integrins play a significant role in the characteristic behavior of HCs within tissues.
Development of dyskinesias in a 5‐year trial of ropinirole and L‐dopa (2006)

A 5-year trial of ropinirole and levodopa in early Parkinson's disease showed that ropinirole is associated with reduced incidence of dyskinesias. This post hoc analysis investigated whether the dyskinesia-sparing benefit of ropinirole is lost when levodopa is added to the regimen and evaluated other risk factors for developing dyskinesias. Patients receiving levodopa had a significantly higher risk of dyskinesias than those taking ropinirole monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 6.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.23-14.29; P < 0.001). When patients randomized to ropinirole were treated with supplementary levodopa, the development of dyskinesias was not significantly different from that in those receiving levodopa from the start (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.48-1.33; P = 0.39). However, the onset of dyskinesias was delayed by around 3 years compared with levodopa monotherapy. Adjusted analyses taking into account baseline and on-treatment factors that influenced use of supplementary levodopa or the development of dyskinesias produced similar results. In conclusion, the risk of developing dyskinesias during maintained initial ropinirole monotherapy is very low. Only once levodopa is added does the risk substantially change. Early use of ropinirole postpones the onset of dyskinesias, but these benefits decline when levodopa therapy is started, with no evidence of a subsequent rapid "catch-up" or a persisting preventive effect.
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in 48 Patients with End-Stage Chronic Liver Diseases (2010)

The only presently viable treatment for end-stage liver disease is whole organ transplantation. However, there are insufficient livers available. The aim of the present study is to provide autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells as a potential therapeutic for patients with end-stage cirrhosis. This is a retrospective chart review of autologous stem cell treatment in 48 patients, 36 with chronic end-stage hepatitis C-induced liver disease and 12 with end-stage autoimmune liver disease. For all patients, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered to mobilize their hematopoietic stem cells. Following leukapheresis, CD34(+) stem cells were isolated, amplified, and partially differentiated in culture, then reinjected into each subject via their hepatic artery or portal vein. Treatment was generally well tolerated with the expected moderate but transient bone pain from G-CSF in less than half of the patients. Three patients had serious treatment-related complications, and only 20.8% of these end-stage liver disease patients died during 12 months of follow up. For all patients there was a statistically significant decrease in ascites. There was clinical and biochemical improvement in a large percentage of patients who received the transplantation. In the viral group, there were marked changes in albumin (p = 0.0003), bilirubin (p = 0.04), INR (p = 0.0003), and ALT levels (p = 0.02). In the autoimmune group, values also improved significantly for albumin (p = 0.001), bilirubin (p = 0.002), INR (p = .0005), and ALT levels (p = 0.003). These results suggest that autologous CD34(+) stem cell transplantation may be safely administered and appears to offer some therapeutic benefit to patients with both viral and autoimmune-induced end-stage liver disease.
Cloning and Expression of the Succinyl-CoA Synthetase Genes of Escherichia coli K12 (1986)

The genes encoding both subunits of the succinyl-CoA synthetase of Escherichia coli have been identified as distal genes of the suc operon, which also encodes the dehydrogenase (Elo; sucA) and succinyltransferase (E2o; sucB) components of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The newly defined genes express polypeptides of 41 kDa (sucC) and 31 kDa (sucD), corresponding to the beta and alpha subunits of succinyl-CoA synthetase, respectively. The genes are thus located at 16.8 min in the E. coli linkage map, together with the citrate synthase (gltA) and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) genes, in a cluster of nine citric acid cycle genes: gltA-sdhCDAB-sucABCD. Four deletion strains lacking all of these citric acid cycle enzymes were characterized. The succinyl-CoA synthetase activities of strains harbouring plasmids containing the sucC and sucD genes were amplified some fourfold. Further enzymological studies indicated that expression of succinyl-CoA synthetase is coordinately regulated with 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.
Transdifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into hepatocytes: a new approach (2010)

These five missing TFs are known to regulate hepatocyte differentiation and some are required to establish the competence of the foregut endoderm. Presumably due to their mesenchymal lineage, hADSCs do not express these endodermal TFs and are not fully competent to respond to critical developmental signals. Supplementation of these TFs may induce competency and enhance the differentiation of hADSCs into hepatocytes.
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation in Development and Beyond (1999)

Maternal mRNA translation is regulated in large part by cytoplasmic polyadenylation. This process, which occurs in both vertebrates and invertebrates, is essential for meiosis and body patterning. In spite of the evolutionary conservation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation, many of the cis elements and trans-acting factors appear to have some species specificity. With the recent isolation and cloning of factors involved in both poly(A) elongation and deadenylation, the underlying biochemistry of these reactions is beginning to be elucidated. In addition to early development, cytoplasmic polyadenylation is now known to occur in the adult brain, and there is circumstantial evidence that this process occurs at synapses, where it could mediate the long-lasting phase of long-term potentiation, which is probably the basis of learning and memory. Finally, there may be multiple mechanisms by which polyadenylation promotes translation. Important questions yet to be answered in the field of cytoplasmic polyadenylation are addressed.
Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes (2013)

How can we perform efficient inference and learning in directed probabilistic models, in the presence of continuous latent variables with intractable posterior distributions, and large datasets? We introduce a stochastic variational inference and learning algorithm that scales to large datasets and, under some mild differentiability conditions, even works in the intractable case. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we show that a reparameterization of the variational lower bound yields a lower bound estimator that can be straightforwardly optimized using standard stochastic gradient methods. Second, we show that for i.i.d. datasets with continuous latent variables per datapoint, posterior inference can be made especially efficient by fitting an approximate inference model (also called a recognition model) to the intractable posterior using the proposed lower bound estimator. Theoretical advantages are reflected in experimental results.
Survivin as a Marker of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and a Predictor of Virus Clearance and Prognosis in Cervical Cancer (2005)

We analyzed survivin as a marker of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and a predictor of HPV clearance and disease outcome in cervical cancer in 302 samples (squamous cell carcinomas [SCCs], 150; CIN lesions, 152) by immunohistochemical staining with survivin antibody and HPV testing using polymerase chain reaction. HR-HPV types were associated closely with CIN and SCC. There was a significant linear relationship between grade and intensity of survivin expression (P = .0001). Survivin overexpression also was associated strongly with HR-HPV type (P = .0001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed survivin and p16(INK4a) as equally strong independent predictors of HR-HPV. Deregulated survivin expression did not predict clearance or persistence of HR-HPV after treatment of CIN or survival in cervical cancer in univariate (P = .417) or multivariate analysis. After adjustment for HR-HPV, stage, age, and tumor grade in the Cox regression model, only stage (P = .0001) and age (P = .0001) remained independent prognostic predictors. Survivin seems to be an early marker of cervical carcinogenesis. Up-regulated survivin expression was an independent predictor of HR-HPV in cervical lesions, most plausibly explained by its normal transcriptional repression by wild-type p53 being eliminated by HR-HPV E6 oncoprotein.
Robust Dense Mapping for Large-Scale Dynamic Environments (2018)

We present a stereo-based dense mapping algorithm for large-scale dynamic urban environments. In contrast to other existing methods, we simultaneously reconstruct the static background, the moving objects, and the potentially moving but currently stationary objects separately, which is desirable for high-level mobile robotic tasks such as path planning in crowded environments. We use both instance-aware semantic segmentation and sparse scene flow to classify objects as either background, moving, or potentially moving, thereby ensuring that the system is able to model objects with the potential to transition from static to dynamic, such as parked cars. Given camera poses estimated from visual odometry, both the background and the (potentially) moving objects are reconstructed separately by fusing the depth maps computed from the stereo input. In addition to visual odometry, sparse scene flow is also used to estimate the 3D motions of the detected moving objects, in order to reconstruct them accurately. A map pruning technique is further developed to improve reconstruction accuracy and reduce memory consumption, leading to increased scalability. We evaluate our system thoroughly on the well-known KITTI dataset. Our system is capable of running on a PC at approximately 2.5Hz, with the primary bottleneck being the instance-aware semantic segmentation, which is a limitation we hope to address in future work. The source code is available from the project Website <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sup> .
Isolation and Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Mutants Resistant to the Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor MKC-442 (1995)

MKC-442, 6-benzy 1-1-ethoxymethyl-5-isopropyIuraciI (l-EBU), is a potent and selective non-nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). Nevirapine, another non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI), is associated with rapid emergence of drug-resistant variants during in vitro passages of HIV-1. The emergence of resistant viruses to MKC-442 or nevirapine was examined in vitro. MT-4 cells infected with a clinical isolate (HE) of HIV-1 were cultivated in medium containing excess concentrations of these drugs, and the drug susceptibilities of the breakthrough viruses recovered from the medium were measured. Although nevirapine lost its antiviral activity after six passages, a delay in the emergence of fully resistant viruses was observed for MKC-442. Two resistant clones for each drug were isolated and nucleotide sequences within the RT region were analysed. An amino acid substitution at position 181 (Tyr to Cys) was found, with additional substitutions at positions 103 (Lys to Arg) and 108 (Val to lle) in the MKC-442-resistant viruses. These clones showed various susceptibilities to MKC-442, and cross-resistance to other NNRTIs but not to AZT. These results suggest that the major binding site of MKC-442 on the HIV-1 RT is the tyrosine residue common to these NNRTIs, and that drug resistance to NNRTIs is dependent on both the quality and the quantity of mutations within the HIV-1 RT gene.
Molecular Mechanisms of B Lymphocyte Activation by the Immune Response Modifier R-848 (2000)

The imidazoquinoline R-848, originally identified as a highly effective antiviral agent, has recently been shown to be capable of potent B lymphocyte activation. The B cell-activating properties of R-848 are strikingly similar to the effects of the CD40 ligand CD154. The present study demonstrates that this similarity extends to the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by the compound, although both overlapping and distinct mechanisms of signaling were seen. Like CD40 ligation, R-848 stimulated activation of the stress-activated protein kinases c-Jun kinase and p38 and activated the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. Both R-848- and CD40-mediated B cell differentiation were dependent upon NF-kappaB activation, although the relative importance of individual NF-kappaB family members appeared to differ between R-848- and CD40-mediated signals. Both signals were partially dependent upon induction of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and the cytoplasmic adaptor molecule TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is involved in both R-848- and CD40-mediated differentiation.
Titanium as the material of choice for cementless femoral components in total hip arthroplasty. (1995)

Modern total hip arthroplasty has been performed using femoral stems manufactured from stainless steel, cobalt-chrome molybdenum alloy (CoCrMb), titanium aluminum vanadium alloy (TiAlV), and, on a limited basis, low-elastic modulus composites. Today, only CoCrMb and TiAlV are used in significant numbers. There is ample theoretical, experimental, and clinical evidence to support Ti-AlV as the material of choice for cementless femoral stems, based on superior mechanical compatibility and biocompatibility. The primary advantage of TiAlV over CoCrMb is a lower modulus of elasticity. This results in decreased stress shielding and subsequent favorable femoral remodeling. This effect is more significant with the smaller stem sizes used in primary surgery but persists even with larger stem sizes used in revision surgery. The second advantage of TiAlV is its biocompatibility. Titanium aluminum vanadium alloy is of relatively low toxicity in concentrations found clinically, and TiAlV is inert in the physiologic environment. With regard to fixation in cementless total hip arthroplasty, TiAlV has been shown to achieve excellent bone ingrowth into porous surfaces. In addition, there is evidence of superior bony ingrowth into TiAlV as compared with CoCrMb. Titanium aluminum vanadium alloy is presently the material of choice to be used in conjunction with hydroxyapatite coating. Prosthetic design, stem diameter, and porous-coating applications play significant roles in bony response regardless of metal composition.