gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an airlift reactor with helical flow promoters (1999)

Abstract The helical flow promoter (HFP), inserted in the downcomer of an airlift reactor (ALR), generates a helical flow pattern in the circulating gas–liquid (solid) mixture. Data on the fluidization capacity, gas holdup, liquid velocity and mass transfer rate for two‐ and three‐phase systems with two different carboxymethylcellulose solutions collected in a 58 L ALR‐HFP are presented and compared with those of common pneumatic reactors. Generally, an increasing solid concentration led to a slight decrease in gas holdup and liquid velocity but to a considerable decrease in mass transfer rates. Insertion of HFPs produced a significantly enhanced fluidization capacity of solid particles compared to the common systems.
Genetic, Molecular, and Genomic Approaches to Improve the Value of Plant Foods and Feeds (2002)

Referee: Dr. T.J. Higgins, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO, Divistion of Plant Industry, Clunies Ross Street, Box 1600, Canberra, 2601, Australia Recent advances in gene isolation, plant transformation, and genetic engineering are being used extensively to alter metabolic pathways in plants by tailormade modifications to single or multiple genes. Many of these modifications are directed toward increasing the nutritional value of plant-derived foods and feeds. These approaches are based on rapidly growing basic knowledge, understanding, and predictions of metabolic fluxes and networks. Some of the predictions appear to be accurate, while others are not, reflecting the fact that plant metabolism is more complex than we presently understand. Tailor-made modifications of plant metabolism has so far been directed into improving the levels of primary metabolites that are essential for growth and development of humans and their livestock. Yet, the list of improved metabolites is expected to grow tremendously after new discoveries in nutritional, medical, and health sciences. Despite our extensive knowledge of metabolic networks, many of the genes encoding enzymes, particularly those involved in secondary metabolism, are still unknown. These genes are being discovered at an accelerated rate by recent advances in genetic and genomics approaches. In the present review, we discuss examples in which the nutritional and health values of plant-derived foods and feeds were improved by metabolic engineering. These include modifications of the levels of several essential amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, minerals, nutraceuticals, antinutritional compounds, and aromas.
LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for Deep Learning Based Document Image Analysis (2021)

Recent advances in document image analysis (DIA) have been primarily driven by the application of neural networks. Ideally, research outcomes could be easily deployed in production and extended for further investigation. However, various factors like loosely organized codebases and sophisticated model configurations complicate the easy reuse of important innovations by a wide audience. Though there have been on-going efforts to improve reusability and simplify deep learning (DL) model development in disciplines like natural language processing and computer vision, none of them are optimized for challenges in the domain of DIA. This represents a major gap in the existing toolkit, as DIA is central to academic research across a wide range of disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. This paper introduces layoutparser, an open-source library for streamlining the usage of DL in DIA research and applications. The core layoutparser library comes with a set of simple and intuitive interfaces for applying and customizing DL models for layout detection, character recognition, and many other document processing tasks. To promote extensibility, layoutparser also incorporates a community platform for sharing both pre-trained models and full document digitization pipelines. We demonstrate that layoutparser is helpful for both lightweight and large-scale digitization pipelines in real-word use cases. The library is publicly available at https://layout-parser.github.io/.
Antigenic properties and population stability of a foot-and-mouth disease virus with an altered Arg-Gly-Asp receptor-recognition motif (1999)

The antigenic properties and genetic stability of a multiply passaged foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) clone C-S8c1 with an Arg-Gly-Gly triplet (RGG) instead of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin-recognition motif at positions 141 to 143 of capsid protein VP1 are described. Clear antigenic differences between FMDV RGG and clone C-S8c1 have been documented in ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer (Western) blot and neutralization assays using site A-specific monoclonal antibodies and anti-FMDV polyclonal antibodies from swine and guinea pigs. The results validate with a live virus the role of the RGD (in particular Asp-143) in recognition of (and neutralization by) antibodies, a role previously suggested by immunochemical and structural studies with synthetic peptides. The FMDV RGG was genetically stable in a large proportion of serial infections of BHK-21 cells. However, a revertant virus with RGD was generated in one out of six passage series. Interestingly, this revertant FMDV did not reach dominance but established an equilibrium with its parental FMDV RGG, accompanied by an increase of quasispecies complexity at the sequences around the RGG triplet. FMDV RGG exhibited a selective disadvantage relative to other RGD-containing clones isolated from the same parental FMDV population. The results suggest that large antigenic variations can be prompted by replacements at critical capsid sites, including those involved in receptor recognition. These critical replacements may yield viruses whose stability allows them to replicate efficiently and to expand the sequence repertoire of an antigenic site.
An improved full-bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor (1993)

The saturable inductor is employed in the full-bridge (FB) zero voltage switched (ZVS) pulse width modulated (PWM) power converter to improve its performance. The current and voltage stresses of the switches as well as parasitic oscillations are significantly reduced compared to those of the conventional FB-ZVS-PWM power converter. The qualitative analysis is presented and is verified on a 500 kHz, 5 V/40 A converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of an enantiomerically pure intermediate containing the CD substructure of taxol (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of an enantiomerically pure intermediate containing the CD substructure of taxolRichard C. A. Isaacs, Martin J. Di Grandi, and Samuel J. DanishefskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 15, 3938–3941Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00067a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00067a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2745Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Near-UV photosensitivity of optical fibers: fundamentals and new applications (2002)

It is now possible to fabricate fiber gratings for most applications using near-UV light. The use of near-UV light is becoming an attractive alternative to the usual mid-UV fabrication technique for fiber gratings.
Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Disease Developing after Prophylaxis in High-Risk Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients (2004)

Low Ccr at screening and blood type A are risk factors for IEC-defined CMV disease, and female sex was a risk factor for IEC- and IT-defined CMV disease and viremia in high-risk SOT recipients. These variables should perhaps be considered when optimizing treatment.
ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER FROM A CONDUCTING POLYMER THIN FILM ON THE MODEL OF A SYNAPSE (1985)

Abstract A microtip of polypyrrole film (50 μm in diameter) was devised on the model of a presynaptic membrane. The microtip incorporated neurotransmitter such as glutamic acid at an electrochemically oxidized state. The incorporated glutamic acid was released from the film on call by electric pulse stimulation.
IL-1-converting enzyme requires aspartic acid residues for processing of the IL-1 beta precursor at two distinct sites and does not cleave 31-kDa IL-1 alpha (1991)

IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE) specifically cleaves the human IL-1 beta precursor at two sequence-related sites: Asp27-Gly28 (site 1) and Asp116-Ala117 (site 2). Cleavage at Asp116-Ala117 results in the generation of mature, biologically active IL-1 beta. ICE is unusual in that preferred cleavage at Asp-X bonds (where X is a small hydrophobic residue), has not been described for any other eukaryotic protease. To further examine the substrate specificity of ICE, proteins that contain Asp-X linkages including transferrin, actin, complement factor 9, the murine IL-1 beta precursor, and human and murine IL-1 alpha precursors, were assayed for cleavage by 500-fold purified ICE. The human and murine IL-1 beta precursors were the only proteins cleaved by ICE, demonstrating that ICE is an IL-1 beta convertase. Analysis of human IL-1 beta precursor mutants containing amino acid substitutions or deletions within each processing site demonstrated that omission or replacement of Asp at site 1 or site 2 prevented cleavage by ICE. To quantitatively assess the substrate requirements of ICE, a peptide-based cleavage assay was established using a 14-mer spanning site 2. Cleavage between Asp [P1] and Ala [P1']2 was demonstrated. Replacement of Asp with Ala, Glu, or Asn resulted in a greater than 100-fold reduction in cleavage activity. The rank order in position P1' was Gly greater than Ala much greater than Leu greater than Lys greater than Glu. Substitutions at P2'-P4' and P6' had relatively little effect on cleavage activity. These results show that ICE is a highly specific IL-1 beta convertase with absolute requirements for Asp in P1 and a small hydrophobic amino acid in P1'.
Mixing small volumes for continuous high‐throughput flow cytometry: Performance of a mixing Y and peristaltic sample delivery (2002)

The high-throughput approach and peristaltic mixing in HyperCytTM serve to integrate autosamplers with submicroliter detection volumes for analysis in flow cytometry or in microfluidic channels.
Phytochemicals and Gene Expression (2004)

With the great advances made by the pharmaceutical industry, our modern Western culture has distanced itself from the notion that phytochemicals may have specific medicinal actions. Phytochemicals acting as agonists or antagonists of kinases or phosphatases involved in a signal transduction pathway may ultimately a¡ect the expression of a gene or sets of genes regulated by that specific pathway. Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals with antioxidative, anticarginogenic, and estrogenic activity that exert their ejects through various biological processes including signaling cascades. The ability to point out both negative interactions and potentially promising positive interactions between drugs and phytochemicals may provide great practical health benefits to the consumer. One of the most exciting advances in the field of regulation of gene expression by dietary constituents is the explosion of information becoming available regarding nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferators activated receptor, farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor, and many others.
Will immunogenicity limit the use, efficacy, and future development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies? (1994)

While monoclonal antibodies show promise for use in the treatment of a variety of disease states, including cancer, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection, generation of anti-antibody responses still remains a problem. For example, 50% of the patients who receive OKT3 produce blocking antibodies that interfere with its binding to T cells, thus decreasing the therapeutic effect (51). HAMA responses have also interfered with tumor imaging (39,40) and radioimmunotherapy (56). The generation of an anti-antibody response is dependent on many factors. These include the dose of antibody, the number of injections of antibody, the immunogenicity of the antibody, the form of the antibody, and the immunocompetence of the recipient. Predictably, both the number of injections of antibody and the dosage are influential in the generation of an anti-antibody response. It is apparent that human antibodies, chimeric antibodies, and mouse Fab fragments are much less likely to induce anti-antibody responses than intact mouse monoclonal antibodies or mouse F(ab')2 fragments when one injection is administered. Injections of human or chimeric antibodies appears to reduce immunogenicity, but the probability that anti-antibody responses can still be induced on multiple injections must be considered and appropriately evaluated. Several areas demand extensive investigation to enhance the clinical utility of monoclonal antibodies. First, results of thorough clinical trials with human or chimeric antibodies need to be evaluated for the induction of anti-antibodies after multiple injections of antibodies. Second, less immunogenic forms of antibodies (Fab, Fv) need to be studied for their clinical efficacies and for their abilities to induce anti-antibody responses.
High-radix and bit recoding techniques for modular exponentiation (1991)

Algorithms that make use of high-radix and bit recoding techniques to perform modular exponentiation are proposed. It is shown that the high-radix methods with optimal choice of the radix provide significant reductions in the number of multiplications required for modular exponentiation. It is then shown that bit recoding techniques similar to those used in binary multiplication algorithms can be used to further reduce the total number of multiplications. The algorithms presented are analyzed by counting the maximum and the average number of multiplications required.
A dimeric mutant of human pancreatic ribonuclease with selective cytotoxicity toward malignant cells (1999)

Monomeric human pancreatic RNase, devoid of any biological activity other than its RNA degrading ability, was engineered into a dimeric protein with a cytotoxic action on mouse and human tumor cells, but lacking any appreciable toxicity on mouse and human normal cells. This dimeric variant of human pancreas RNase selectively sensitizes to apoptotic death cells derived from a human thyroid tumor. Because of its selectivity for tumor cells, and because of its human origin, this protein represents a potentially very attractive, novel tool for anticancer therapy.
A Scalable ET2RAM (SETRAM) with Verify Control for SoC Platform Memory IP on SOI (2006)

We had reported TTRAM (Morishita, 2005) and ET <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> RAM (Arimoto, 2006) which are high-density capacitor-less SOI-CMOS compatible memory IP's. A platform design methodology becomes the main stream in SoC world because the system integration progress and complexity requires the implementation of many lands of IP's and induces the longer design turn around time and design cost up. This time, we have up-graded ET <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> RAM with scalable function named SETRAM (scalable enhanced twin-transistor RAM). This memory IP can be applied to the many kinds of applications by the verify control technique with compact ABC (automatic body control) sense amplifier. The scalable functions are, for example, 263MHz high speed random cycle memory to replace the high density on chip SRAM, 79mW/4Mb lower active power dissipation for mobile application, 453MHz data transfer of page/burst mode for cache memory and graphics memory applications and lower stand-by current mode of 5 sec data retention time. These are also supported as the programmable functions. The SETRAM can provide the scalable memory IP's in SoC platform on SOI devices and can improve the performance of many future applications
An "intelligent" workstation for computer-aided diagnosis. (1993)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) involves a computerized analysis of radiographs that is used as a "second opinion" by the radiologist. The approach presented incorporates computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques and includes schemes for the analysis of lung nodules, interstitial infiltrates, and cardiomegaly seen on chest radiographs; masses and clustered microcalcifications on mammograms; and stenoses and blood flow on angiograms. The demonstration of various CAD schemes in chest radiography and mammography on a six-monitor workstation simulates one possible clinical implementation of CAD in radiology. Whether soft- or hard-copy display media are used, the radiologist can refer to the CAD results and still use the original radiograph for the final diagnosis. Although initial impressions of this simulated "intelligent" workstation are encouraging, CAD is still in a preliminary stage of development. Various methods for effectively and efficiently integrating CAD into a clinical radiology department are being investigated.
Results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with posterior decompression alone via a new surgical approach (2001)

This new surgical technique offers a potential alternative for the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis in a minimally invasive manner, avoiding the risk of causing or aggravating postoperative spinal instability.
<title>Fast algorithm to select maps in an iterated function system fractal model</title> (1992)

A new algorithm is proposed for determining the interpolation points for an Iterated Function System (IFS) model for one-dimensional data. The algorithm quickly selects points which are shown to provide favorable results when compared to an exhaustive search of all possible points. The algorithm is based on a recent proof which relates the fixed points of the IFS maps to the extremum points of the attractor of the IFS. The resulting algorithm greatly reduces the search time for the best interpolation points, and results are given comparing the proposed algorithm to exhaustive searches for a small number of maps on a series of test files.
Immunization Against Hepatitis B Virus by Mucosal Administration of Antigen–Antibody Complexes (1998)

Antigen-antibody complexes have been shown to enhance immune responses against several antigens given by parenteral immunization. Herein, we have evaluated the potential of administering such immunostimulatory complexes by a mucosal route. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) complexed with antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) (HBsAg/Ab) was administered to BALB/c mice by intranasal inhalation. HBsAg by itself did not induce immune responses, whereas with HBsAg/Ab complexes, both systemic and mucosal immune responses were observed and these could be modulated by adjuvants. With HBsAg/Ab (1 or 10 microg), anti-HBs antibodies induced were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype (Th2-like). In contrast, anti-HBs induced by HBsAg/Ab plus cholera toxin (CT) or oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG) (1 microg each) were predominantly IgG2a (Th1-like). Results from this study indicate that HBsAg/Ab complexes can induce strong humoral immune responses when delivered by a noninvasive route, whether used alone or in combination with other mucosal adjuvants.
Isolation and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene (1994)

The GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) is a cell surface, G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in pituitary gonadotropes. Activation of the receptor by GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH. Pituitary GnRH-R numbers and, hence, gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH vary under different conditions and are regulated to a large extent by GnRH itself. To study the transcriptional regulation of the GnRH-R gene, a genomic clone containing 1.2 kilobases (kb) of the 5'-flanking region of mouse GnRH-R gene was isolated and characterized. A major transcriptional start site was identified 62 nucleotides upstream of the translational start site by primer extension and ribonuclease protection analyses. The promoter region does not contain canonical TATA sequences in the appropriate location. To determine whether this putative promoter is functional, it was subcloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid (GnRH-RLuc), and its transient expression was studied in cell lines of gonadotrope (alpha T3-1) and somatolactotrope (GH3) origins as well as those of nonpituitary origin (JEG-3 and CV-1). Luciferase activity was increased in alpha T3-1 (246-fold +/- 34.5-fold; P < 0.005) compared with the promoterless vector control but was considerably lower in GH3 (41-fold +/- 3.9-fold; P < 0.005), JEG-3 (12-fold +/- 0.9-fold; P < 0.005) and CV-1 (8-fold +/- 1.3-fold) indicating that GnRH-RLuc is preferentially expressed in cells of gonadotrope origin. Furthermore, GnRH agonist stimulated luciferase activity 3.4-fold +/- 0.3-fold (P < 0.005) above basal levels in GH3 cells cotransfected with rat GnRH-R complementary DNA, indicating that the GnRH-R promoter sequence is responsive to this ligand. In summary, we have identified and partially characterized the promoter region of the mouse GnRH-R and demonstrated that the regulatory elements for tissue-specific expression as well as for GnRH regulation are present within a 1.2-kb 5'-flanking region of the mouse GnRH-R gene.
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Microarrays (2002)

Membrane-bound proteins represent the single most important class of drug targets. Arraying these proteins is difficult because they typically need to be embedded in membranes to maintain their correctly folded conformations. We describe here the fabrication of microarrays consisting of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)—the single largest family of membrane-bound proteins—by robotic pin-printing on slides, and demonstrate assays for screening of ligands on these arrays.