gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis in the Mouse Cornea (1979)

We have developed a method that permits analysis of neovascular responses in the mouse cornea. Using this method we have demonstrated that both allogeneic lymphocytes and a variety of tumors can induce angiogenesis, but that only the latter appear capable of eliciting secondary capillary sprouting.
Control of nasal vasculature and airflow resistance in the dog. (1984)

Nasal vascular and airflow resistances have been measured in dogs, simultaneously on both sides separately. Vascular resistance was measured either by constant flow perfusion of the terminal branch of the maxillary artery (which supplies, via the sphenopalatine artery, the nasal septum, most of the turbinates and the nasal sinuses) or by measuring blood flow through this artery, maintained by the dog's own blood pressure. Airflow resistance was assessed by inserting balloon-tipped endotracheal catheters into the back of each nasal cavity via the nasopharynx, and measuring transnasal pressure at constant airflow through each side of the nose simultaneously. Preliminary experiments indicated that there was 5-10% collateral anastomosis between the two sides. Close-arterial injection of drugs showed different patterns of response. Adrenaline, phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine and low doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha increased vascular resistance and lowered airway resistance. Salbutamol, methacholine and histamine lowered vascular resistance and increased airway resistance. Dobutamine decreased airway resistance with a small increase in vascular resistance. Prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha (high dose) decreased both vascular and airway resistances. Substance P, eledoisin-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide lowered vascular resistance with little change in airway resistance. The results are interpreted in terms of possible drug actions on precapillary resistance vessels, sinusoids and venules, and arteriovenous anastomoses. It is concluded that nasal airway resistance cannot be correlated with vascular resistance or blood flow, since the latter has a complex and ill-defined relationship with nasal vascular blood volume.
The Nerve Growth Factor (NGF): Chemical Properties and Metabolic Effects (1968)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Biological Sources of the NGF Chemical Properties of the NGF Metabolic Effects of the NGF on the Receptive Nerve Cells Concluding Remarks
Lithium Can Relieve Translational Repression of TOP mRNAs Elicited by Various Blocks along the Cell Cycle in a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3- and S6-Kinase-independent Manner (2004)

TOP mRNAs are translationally controlled by mitogenic, growth, and nutritional stimuli through a 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine tract. Here we show that LiCl can alleviate the translational repression of these mRNAs when progression through the cell cycle is blocked at G(0), G(1)/S, or G(2)/M phases in different cell lines and by various physiological and chemical means. This derepressive effect of LiCl does not involve resumption of cell division. Unlike its efficient derepressive effect in mitotically arrested cells, LiCl alleviates inefficiently the repression of TOP mRNAs in amino acid-deprived cells and has no effect in lymphoblastoids whose TOP mRNAs are constitutively repressed even when they are proliferating. LiCl is widely used as a relatively selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3. However, inhibition per se of this enzyme by more specific drugs failed to derepress the translation of TOP mRNAs, implying that relief of the translational repression of TOP mRNAs by LiCl is carried out in a glycogen synthase kinase-3-independent manner. Moreover, this effect is apparent, at least in some cell lines, in the absence of S6-kinase 1 activation and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, thus further supporting the notion that translational control of TOP mRNAs does not rely on either of these variables.
A High-Throughput Arabidopsis Reverse Genetics System (2002)

A collection of Arabidopsis lines with T-DNA insertions in known sites was generated to increase the efficiency of functional genomics. A high-throughput modified thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)-PCR protocol was developed and used to amplify DNA fragments flanking the T-DNA left borders from approximately 100000 transformed lines. A total of 85108 TAIL-PCR products from 52964 T-DNA lines were sequenced and compared with the Arabidopsis genome to determine the positions of T-DNAs in each line. Predicted T-DNA insertion sites, when mapped, showed a bias against predicted coding sequences. Predicted insertion mutations in genes of interest can be identified using Arabidopsis Gene Index name searches or by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search. Insertions can be confirmed by simple PCR assays on individual lines. Predicted insertions were confirmed in 257 of 340 lines tested (76%). This resource has been named SAIL (Syngenta Arabidopsis Insertion Library) and is available to the scientific community at www.tmri.org.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction after Noncardiac Surgery (2007)

This article describes a systematic review on the research into postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in noncardiac surgery to ascertain the status of the evidence and to examine the methodologies used in studies. The review demonstrated that in the early weeks after major noncardiac surgery, a significant proportion of people show POCD, with the elderly being more at risk. Minimal evidence was found that patients continue to show POCD up to 6 months and beyond. Studies on regional versus general anesthesia have not found differences in POCD. Many studies were found to be underpowered, and a number of other methodologic difficulties were identified. These include the different types of surgery in studies and variations in the number and range of neuropsychological tests used. A particular issue is the variety of definitions used to classify individuals as having POCD.
Impaired Autophagy in the Lipid-Storage Disorder Niemann-Pick Type C1 Disease (2013)

Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in misfolded protein accumulation and cellular toxicity in several diseases. Whether alterations in autophagy also contribute to the pathology of lipid-storage disorders is not clear. Here, we show defective autophagy in Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease associated with cholesterol accumulation, where the maturation of autophagosomes is impaired because of defective amphisome formation caused by failure in SNARE machinery, whereas the lysosomal proteolytic function remains unaffected. Expression of functional NPC1 protein rescues this defect. Inhibition of autophagy also causes cholesterol accumulation. Compromised autophagy was seen in disease-affected organs of Npc1 mutant mice. Of potential therapeutic relevance is that HP-β-cyclodextrin, which is used for cholesterol-depletion treatment, impedes autophagy, whereas stimulating autophagy restores its function independent of amphisome formation. Our data suggest that a low dose of HP-β-cyclodextrin that does not perturb autophagy, coupled with an autophagy inducer, may provide a rational treatment strategy for NPC1 disease.
Fiber-optic gyroscope using an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber (2005)

We show theoretically and experimentally that the use of an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber in a fiber-optic gyroscope can drastically reduce the noise and phase drift caused by Rayleigh backscattering as well as non-reciprocal and thermal effects.
Deadbeat control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter (1996)

The discrete-time control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter is described based on space vectors. The mathematical model of the inverter-filter system is first obtained by using space vectors to represent three-phase quantities. Deadbeat control laws are derived for no-load and resistive-load cases. Then, a deadbeat control law is obtained for the case when the load draws current of any waveshape from the inverter-filter. It is shown that deadbeat control of output voltage can be achieved in two control steps. The manipulated variable, which is the voltage vector demanded from the inverter, is implemented using the space vector modulation technique. Simulation results for various operating conditions are presented.
Exploration of Unknown Spaces by People Who are Blind Using a Multi-Sensory Virtual Environment (2004)

Exploration of unknown spaces is essential for the development of efficient orientation and mobility skills. Most of the information required for the exploration is gathered through the visual channel. People who are blind lack this crucial information, facing in consequence difficulties in mapping as well as navigating spaces. This study is based on the assumption that the supply of appropriate spatial information through compensatory sensorial channels may contribute to the spatial performance of people who are blind. The main goals of this study were (a) the development of a haptic virtual environment enabling people who are blind to explore unknown spaces and (b) the study of the exploration process of these spaces by people who are blind. Participants were 31 people who are blind: 21 in the experimental group exploring a new space using a multi-sensory virtual environment, and 10 in the control group directly exploring the real new space. The results of the study showed that the participants in the experimental group mastered the navigation of the unknown virtual space in a short time. Significant differences were found concerning the use of exploration strategies, methods, and processes by participants working with the multi-sensory virtual environment, in comparison with those working in the real space.
Vascular protection by chloroquine during brain tumor therapy with Tf-CRM107. (2000)

Tf-CRM107 is a conjugate of transferrin and a point mutant of diphtheria toxin that selectively kills cells expressing high levels of the transferrin receptor. Tf-CRM107 has been infused intratumorally into patients with malignant brain tumors. Although approximately half of the patients exhibit tumor responses, patients receiving higher doses of Tf-CRM107 may develop magnetic resonance image (MRI) evidence of toxicity indicative of small vessel thrombosis or petechial hemorrhage. Consistent with these clinical results we found that intracerebral injection of Tf-CRM107 into rats at total doses > or =0.025 microg causes brain damage detectable by MRI and histology. To widen the therapeutic window of Tf-CRM107, we explored ways to prevent this damage to the vasculature. We reasoned that the vasculature may be protected to a greater extent than tumor from Tf-CRM107 infused into brain parenchyma by i.v. injection of reagents with low blood-brain barrier permeability that block the toxicity of Tf-CRM107. Chloroquine, a well-characterized antimalarial drug, blocks the toxicity of diphtheria toxin and Tf-CRM107. Systemic administration of chloroquine blocked the toxicity of Tf-CRM107 infused intracerebrally in rats and changed the maximum tolerated dose of Tf-CRM107 from 0.2 to 0.3 microg. Moreover, chloroquine treatment completely blocked the brain damage detected by MRI caused by intracerebral infusion of 0.05 microg of Tf-CRM107. In nude mice bearing s.c. U251 gliomas, chloroquine treatment had little effect on the antitumor efficacy of Tf-CRM107. Thus, chloroquine treatment may be useful to reduce the toxicity of Tf-CRM107 for normal brain without inhibiting antitumor efficacy and increase the therapeutic window of Tf-CRM107 for brain tumor therapy.
Need for New Technologies for Detection of Adventitious Agents in Vaccines and Other Biological Products (2014)

Testing of biological products is required to ensure the safety of patients. Recently, a licensed vaccine was found to be contaminated with a virus. This contamination did not cause a safety concern to the patients; however, it highlights the need for using new testing methods to control our biological products. This paper introduces the benefits of these new tests and outlines the challenges with the current tests.
Structural and comparative analysis of the mouse gene for pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). (1998)

The mouse and human PEDF promoters share overall 27% similarity but are nearly identical between mouse +86 to -166 and human +102 to -96. The present study will allow us to move from in vitro experiments to in vivo studies through the development of a "knock-out" mouse model.
Electronic density of states in discharge-produced amorphous silicon (1979)

The localized state density distribution in the mobility gap of glow-discharge amorphous silicon has been determined from capacitance-voltage characteristics for metal/oxide/amorphous silicon (MOS) structures. This new method provides a smooth distribution of localized states throughout the mobility gap. The density of states increases from a minimum of the order of 1016 cm−3 eV−1 near midgap to more than 1018–1019 cm−3 eV−1 within 0.2 eV of the band edges.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2002)

Chapter 15 focuses on the state of the art in mobile ad-hoc networks. It highlights some of the emerging technologies, protocols, and approaches (at different layers) for realising network services for users on the move. People-based networks, where information is transmitted using ‘people’ (i.e. personal digital assistants) are also discussed.
Which structures are sensitive to painful transcranial electric stimulation? (1995)

Electric transcranial stimulation (TCS) is useful for clinical studies. It is, however, painful and not generally used for awake subjects. By means of topical anaesthesia and nerve blockades we wanted to find out which structures of the scalp and cranium are sensitive to electric TCS. Altogether 21 subjects participated in the present study. Our data show that pain experienced by the subjects during electric TCS is brought about by activation of the pain receptors in the scalp under the stimulating electrodes. Topical anaesthetic cream is incapable of attenuating this pain. The periosteum does not seem to be much more sensitive electric stimulation than rest of the scalp. Furthermore, contractions of facial and neck muscles do not seem to have a significant role in pain generation in electric TCS. Pain can be prevented if sufficiently large areas of the scalp are properly anaesthetized before stimulation by e.g. blockade of the major nerves responsible for the sensation of the stimulus area.
Long-acting opiate agonists and antagonists: 14-hydroxydihydromorphinone hydrazones (1980)

Two new long-acting hydrazone derivatives of 14-hydroxydihydromorphinones have been synthesized, oxymorphazone and naltrexazone. Both derivatives show high affinity for opiate binding sites in vitro, similar to naloxazone, the hydrazone analogue of naloxone. Sodium and manganese shifts imply that naltrexazone, like naloxazone, is a pure antagonist. By contrast, oxymorphazone inhibition of receptor binding is dramatically reduced by sodium and potentiated by manganese, suggesting it is an agonist. When given in vivo, all agents produce a significant inhibition of receptor binding for over 24 h despite extensive washing of the brain homogenates. Oxymorphone, naltrexone, and naloxone are without effect. Twenty-four hours after in vivo administration of oxymorphazone, 82% of mice are still analgetic compared to only 17% of oxymorphone-treated mice (p less than 0.005). Twenty-four hours after naltexazone or naloxazone treatment all mice were protected from morphine analgesia (12 mg/kg; p less than 0.005), while naltrexone- and naloxone-treated animals did not differ significantly from saline-treated controls.
Advanced DSS MOSFET technology for ultrahigh performance applications (2008)

Dopant segregated Schottky MOSFET (DSS FET) is one of the key technologies which can improve the MOSFET performance thanks to reduction of external resistance and increase of carrier injection velocity. We have found that both laser spike annealing (LSA) and fluorine co-implant can reduce external resistance furthermore, which leads to boost drive currents of DSS FETs by 7% respectively. By optimizing these technologies, high drive currents of 1310 muA/mum and 1080 muA/mum at Ioff of 100 nA/mum are achieved at 1.0 V and 0.9 V respectively, without use of high-k/metal gate.
DentSim - a future teaching option for dentists. (2004)

Apart from a requirement to acquire more and more academic knowledge, during their training, dental students need to acquire a full range of highly precise manual and technical skills, including excellent hand/eye coordination, to enable them to visualize and understand how to prepare cavities, prior to placing restorations. Furthermore, unlike medical students, dental students are in the position of administering treatment to patients very early in their training. The increasing academic workload means that these skills have to be mastered in a short space of time. This you will gain in the future only through the use of effective methods of the educations - for example by the use of the computer-assisted dental simulators (DentSim/DenX), which serves the visual-, audio- and practical learning channel simultaneously. Unlike the conventional phantom heads, the DentSim-unit has the following advantages - the acquisition of knowledge takes place in a multimedia learning environment with a high audio-visual content and degree of interaction and complexity, - problem-oriented learning takes place through clinically relevant work, - individual students can work to personalized programs through the digital tutor function, - two-dimensional knowledge is transferred into three-dimensional spatial work, - three-dimensional preparations can be easily analysed by two-dimensional error analysis, - all preparation exercises are recorded for error and effectiveness analysis. Apart from student training, the computer-assisted simulators can also be used for the evaluation of the effectiveness or the quality control of various teaching methods in the context of Evidence Based Dental Education.
Fusion of Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks with Applications to Decision and Control Problems (1991)

Human logic and inference mechanism have challenged mathematicians and cyberneticians for a long time. Recent developments in fuzzy logic and neural networks provide a new mathematical platform to develop new methodologies for the emulation of human-like interference mechanisms for its application to decision and control problems. In this paper, we provide a mathematical fusion of fuzzy logic and neural network for the development of fuzzy neural networks. Fuzzy neural networks provide a new methodology for handling a stream of qualitative (fuzzy) data with learning and adaptive capabilities, the important attributes of human cognition and perception. We expect that during the next deade, this new methology will lead to some innovative theoretical developments with extensive applications in the problems related to decision and control, expert systems, knowledge-based systems, pattern recognition, and emulation of problems related to human cognition and perception. This new theory will, hopefully, lead to the development of robust intelligent systems.
Inhibition of putrescine uptake by polypyridinium quaternary salts in B16 melanoma cells treated with difluoromethylornithine (1989)

Several bipyridinium, tetrapyridinium and hexapyridinium quaternary salts have been found to be potent inhibitors of putrescine uptake into B16 melanoma cells which had previously been treated with difluoromethylornithine. In general, the potency of inhibitors increased as the number of quaternary centres increased. A relationship between the distance apart of the positively charged nitrogen atoms and the potency of the salts as inhibitors of uptake has been established by comparison with a number of diaminoalkanes. It was found that an inter-nitrogen distance of 0.6-0.7 nm or 1.0-1.1 nm was optimal for high activity. This finding is significant in determining structural features of the polyamine transport system.
Side-Chain Effect of Second Monomer Units on Crystalline Morphology, Thermal Properties, and Enzymatic Degradability for Random Copolyesters of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid with (R)-3-Hydroxyalkanoic Acids (2001)

Three types of random copolymers with 94 mol % (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) and 6 mol % (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids with different side-chain lengths, (R)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (3HV), (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (3HHx), and medium-chain-length (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids (mcl-3HA, C8-C12), were prepared by biological synthetic techniques. The solid-state structure and thermal properties of melt-crystallized films for copolymers were characterized by means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. The randomly distributed second monomer units, except for 3HV in copolyesters, act as defects of the P(3HB) crystal and are excluded from the P(3HB) crystalline lamellae. The lamellar thickness of copolymers decreased with an increase in the side-chain length of second monomer units. In addition, the growth rate of spherulites decreased with an increase in the carbon numbers of second monomer units at an identical crystallization temperature. These results indicate that a steric bulkiness of the second monomer unit affects the crystallization of (R)-3HB segments in random copolyesters. An enzymatic degradation test of melt-crystallized copolymer films was carried out in the presence of PHB depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1. Erosion rate of copolyesters was dependent on both the crystallinity and the lamellar thickness of samples. As the result, the rate of enzymatic degradation for copolymer films increased with an increase in the carbon numbers of second monomer units.
Distributed feedback–distributed Bragg reflector coupled cavity laser with a Ti:(Fe:)Er:LiNbO_3 waveguide (2004)

A thermally fixed photorefractive Bragg grating is written in a single-mode Ti:Fe:Er:LiNbO3 channel waveguide and used to develop a distributed feedback-distributed Bragg reflector coupled cavity laser with a second broadband dielectric cavity mirror. The optically pumped (lambda(p) = 1480 nm, P = 130 mW) laser emits in single-frequency operation as much as 8 mW at lambda = 1557.2 nm with a slope efficiency of approximately 22%. The laser wavelength can be thermo-optically and electro-optically tuned over 100 pm.
Mechanisms of developmental control of transcription in the murine α- and β-globin loci (1999)

We have characterized mRNA expression and transcription of the mouse alpha- and beta-globin loci during development. S1 nuclease and primary transcript in situ hybridization analyses demonstrate that all seven murine globin genes (zeta, alpha1, alpha2, epsilony, betaH1, betamaj, and betamin) are transcribed during primitive erythropoiesis, however transcription of the zeta, epsilony, and betaH1 genes is restricted to the primitive erythroid lineage. Transcription of the betamaj and betamin genes in primitive cells is EKLF-dependent demonstrating EKLF activity in embryonic red cells. Novel kinetic analyses suggest that multigene expression in the beta locus occurs via alternating single-gene transcription whereas coinitiation cannot be ruled out in the alpha locus. Transcriptional activation of the individual murine beta genes in primitive cells correlates inversely with their distance from the locus control region, in contrast with the human beta locus in which the adult genes are only activated in definitive erythroid cells. The results suggest that the multigene expression mechanism of alternating transcription is evolutionarily conserved between mouse and human beta globin loci but that the timing of activation of the adult genes is altered, indicating important fundamental differences in globin gene switching.