gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonant Tunneling Bands and Electrochemical Reduction Potentials (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonant Tunneling Bands and Electrochemical Reduction PotentialsUrsula Mazur and K. W. HippsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 17, 6684–6688Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100017a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100017a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Screening the built-in electric field in 4H silicon carbide stacking faults (2007)

The authors report a detailed comparison of low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) and cathodo luminescence (LTCL) spectra collected in the same stacking faults rich area of a 4H silicon carbide epitaxial layer. In both cases, they find that the maximum wavelength of the defect-related emission lines shifts when the excitation spot position moves across the defect zone. The shift is excitation-intensity dependent. It is very small for LTPL (4meV) but reach 20meV for LTCL. This constitutes the first experimental evidence that a screening of the quantum confined Stark effect can be achieved in 4H-SiC SF quantum wells.
Financial performance of surveyed industries (1998)

Dry seasonal conditions prevailed throughout much of eastern and southern Australia during the autumn and winter of 1997. Fortunately, seasonal conditions improved in spring following widespread rains and by October only 8 per cent of broadacre and dairy farms reported drought conditions, with the majority of these farms being in the eastern Darling Downs and central coastal regions of Queensland, south eastern New South Wales and eastern Victoria.
Prolactin-inducible enhancer activity of the first intron of the bovine beta-casein gene. (1998)

We have analyzed the regulatory roles of the first intron (intron-1) of the bovine beta-casein gene in the bovine beta-casein/CAT expression system using a mouse mammary epithelial cell line, HC11. After a combined treatment of HC11 cells with insulin, dexamethasone and prolactin, the induced expression of p beta c1.8/+ICAT vector including 2 kb intron-1 and 1.8 kb promoter was greatly increased to 23.5 folds, while that of p beta ca.8CAT basic vector with 1.8 kb promoter only, was 6.5. A classical enhancer activity was shown in the 2 kb intron fragment from the experiment in which the orientation and the position of the intron-1 on the vectors were changed. The enhancer activity was largely dependent on the lactogenic hormones, especially prolactin. A stepwise reduction of the inducibility in the 5' to 3' deletion analysis of the intron-1 indicates the existence of several functional elements in the region. In particular, an internal fragment (+1071 to +1490) was important for the prolactin-dependent enhancing activity of the intron-1. These results suggest that several elements in the intron-1 of the bovine beta-casein gene cooperatively interact not only with each other but also with its promoter for hormonal induction.
Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone on the Development of Endometrial Hyperplasia in the Fischer Rat (1984)

The effect of changing endocrine status on the uterine endometrium of the female Fischer rat was observed in vivo after neonatal androgenization, after aging, after estrogen (E) implant in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and in vitro after progesterone (P) addition to monolayer cultures of uterine tumor cells. Neonatal androgenization produced cystic ovarian follicles and persistent vaginal cornification for 10-14 mo, indicative of an anovulatory, persistent E status. The constant estrous (CE) state, induced by androgenization, uniformly produced focal glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium at 9 mo of age. Focal glandular hyperplasia, which was absent in the cycling 6-mo-old estrous endometrium, was also apparent in the 12-mo-old rats which had ceased cycling and entered natural CE. Subcutaneous estradiol-17 beta (E2) implants in 12-mo-old OVX rats induced early cystic and adenomatous changes in the foci of hyperplasia. Acyclic control rats, 21 mo old, in persistent diestrus (PD) exhibited a 3-fold elevation of serum P associated with glandular atrophy of the endometrium. Ten nM P also inhibited proliferation of endometrial cells in cultures prepared from tumors of 21-mo-old rats. On the other hand, adenomatous hyperplasia was observed in 29-mo-old PD rats, despite the presence of low serum E and elevated serum P. These results indicate that either induced or natural constant E status leads to focal glandular hyperplasia in the Fischer rat. E2 implants in the 12-mo-old OVX Fischer rat induced early cystic and adenomatous changes in the focal hyperplasia. Inhibition of these focal hyperplasias was associated with elevated serum P at 21 mo. The development of adenomatous hyperplasia in the aged endometrium, on the other hand, occurred despite elevated serum P at 29 mo.
Luminescence of carbon monoxide hemocyanins. (1980)

The effect of carbon monoxide on the luminescence properties of Helix pomatia alpha-hemocyanin and Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin has been studied. These proteins, when saturated with carbon monoxide, show, besides the intrinsic fluorescence arising from the aromatic amino acid residues, emission in the visible region with a maximum between 540 and 560 nm. Results of carbon monoxide titration experiments and data from absorption and excitation-emission spectra provide convincing evidence that the observed emission originates from a fluorescent copper(I)-carbon monoxide complex, and this emission is interpreted as charge-transfer luminescence.
Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus. (1998)

The largest open reading frame of porcine circovirus (ORF 4) encodes a protein of 312 amino acids. The predicted gene product of ORF 4 shows similarities to Rep proteins of other plant circoviruses and geminiviruses. Three motifs have been identified that are characteristic for proteins involved in rolling circle replication and the consensus sequence for a putative dNTP-binding box (GKS) has been found. In this paper, experimental evidence is presented which indicates that ORF 4 encodes the replication protein of porcine circovirus. After cloning of the ORF 4 gene product, it was supplied in trans in a transient replication assay. The ORF 4 gene product promoted the replication of plasmid pOP11, which carries the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. Since pOP11 itself is unable to replicate in virus-free porcine kidney cells, the ORF 4 gene product must be essential for replication of porcine circovirus.
Downregulation of bradykinin B2receptor in human fibroblasts during prolonged agonist exposure (2003)

Sustained activation of G protein-coupled receptors results in an attenuation of cellular responses, a phenomenon termed desensitization. Whereas mechanisms for rapid desensitization of ligand-receptor-G protein-effector systems are relatively well characterized, much less is known about long-term adaptation processes that occur in the continuous presence of an agonist. Here we have studied the fate of endogenously expressed bradykinin B(2) receptors on human fibroblasts during prolonged agonist treatment. Stimulation with bradykinin for up to 24 h resulted in a 50% reduction of surface binding sites that was paralleled by a similar decrease of total B(2) receptor protein followed by Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies to the B(2) receptor. Whereas B(2) receptor mRNA levels did not change during 24 h of agonist treatment, B(2) receptor de novo synthesis was attenuated by 35-50%, indicating translational control of B(2) receptor levels. Furthermore, the half-life of B(2) receptor protein was shortened by 20-40% as shown by (35)S-labeled pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation experiments. This study demonstrates that bradykinin B(2) receptor expression during long-term agonist treatment is primarily regulated on the (post)translational level, i.e., by attenuation of de novo synthesis and by reduction of receptor stability.
Fitness Approximation In Evolutionary Computation - a Survey (2002)

Fitness evaluation is a basic operation in evolutionary computation. However, an explicit fitness function is not always available in real-world applications. In many cases, it is necessary to estimate the fitness function by constructing an approximate model. In this paper, a short survey on fitness approximation in evolutionary computation is given. Main issues like approximation models, model management schemes, learning methods as well as data sampling techniques are presented. Finally, interesting open problems are discussed.
Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants (1966)

Abstract A microsomal fraction from developing seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) catalyzes the hydroxylation of oleyl coenzyme A to ricinoleic acid and has the properties of a mixed function oxidase. Only preparations from seeds at a certain stage of development have hydroxylating activity. Oxygen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are obligatory cofactors (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is relatively inactive), and an activated form of oleic acid, i.e. the CoA thioester, is required as substrate. Enzyme-bound iron is presumably involved in the hydroxylation, which is inhibited by thiol reagents, cyanide, azide, and chelating agents, but not by carbon monoxide. The hydroxylating enzyme shows a marked substrate specificity for oleic acid. Stearic, linoleic, vaccenic, and elaidic acids are not hydroxylated. Linoleic acid is not an intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.
Microbial production of sabinene—a new terpene-based precursor of advanced biofuel (2014)

This is the first report of microbial synthesis of sabinene using an engineered E. coli strain with the renewable carbon source as feedstock. Therefore, a green and sustainable production strategy has been established for sabinene.
Structure and Properties of Li−Si Alloys: A First-Principles Study (2011)

On the basis of density functional theory calculations, we present the energetics, structure, and electronic and mechanical properties of crystalline and amorphous Li−Si alloys. We also discuss the dynamic behavior of the alloys at finite temperatures based on ab initio molecular dynamics. When the Li content is sufficiently high, alloying between Li and Si is energetically favorable as evidenced by the negative mixing enthalpy; the alloy is most stable around 70 atom % Li in the crystalline phase and 70 ± 5 atom % Li in the amorphous phase. Our calculations unequivocally show that the incorporation of Li leads to disintegration of the tetrahedrally bonded Si network into small clusters of various shapes. Bader charge analysis shows that the charge state of Li remains nearly unchanged around +0.8, while that of Si varies approximately from −0.5 to −3.3 depending on the number of Si neighbors as can be understood as Zintl-like phases. Electronic structure analysis highlights that the charge transfer leads to weakening or breaking of Si−Si bonds with the growing splitting between 3s and 3p states, and consequently, the Li−Si alloys soften with increasing Li content.
The actin cytoskeleton as a therapeutic target: state of the art and future directions. (2003)

Dynamic processes such as cell migration and division depend on the actin cytoskeleton, a dense meshwork of protein polymers capable of undergoing rapid cycles of assembly and disassembly, under the control of a large number of actin-associated proteins. In cancer cells, structural and functional perturbations of the actin cytoskeleton correlate with higher proliferation rates and uncontrolled movement. Therefore, small molecules that act on the actin cytoskeleton of tumour cells and thus inhibit cell division and movement, may be of high therapeutic value. The dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton and the mechanism of action of actin-targeting drugs will be described.
Differential expression of plexin-a subfamily members in the mouse nervous system (2001)

Plexins comprise a family of transmembrane proteins (the plexin family) which are expressed in nervous tissues. Some plexins have been shown to interact directly with secreted or transmembrane semaphorins, while plexins belonging to the A subfamily are suggested to make complexes with other membrane proteins, neuropilins, and propagate chemorepulsive signals of secreted semaphorins of class 3 into cells or neurons. Despite that much information has been gathered on the plexin-semaphorin interaction, the role of plexins in the nervous system is not well understood. To gain insight into the functions of plexins in the nervous system, we analyzed spatial and temporal expression patterns of three members of the plexin-A subfamily (plexin-A1, -A2, and -A3) in the developing mouse nervous system by in situ hybridization analysis in combination with immunohistochemistry. We show that the three plexins are differentially expressed in sensory receptors or neurons in a developmentally regulated manner, suggesting that a particular plexin or set of plexins is shared by neuronal elements and functions as the receptor for semaphorins to regulate neuronal development.
Detection of a glycosylated form of hen egg white lysozyme (1995)

By assaying lysozyme activity after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of commercial hen egg white lysozyme preparations, minor lysozymal activity was detected as an 18-kDa protein. After electrophoretic purification for microsequencing, the N-terminus sequence of the 18-kDa lysozyme was found to be identical with mature 14.4-kDa hen egg white lysozyme. The 18-KDa hen egg white lysozyme was judged to be glycosylated based on 3.6-kDa decrease in molecular mass after N-glycosidase F treatment, binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose, and staining with periodate-Schiff's reagent. The minor form corresponded to about 0.3% of lysozyme molecules.
Plasmonic Sensing Characteristics of Single Nanometric Holes (2005)

The optical response of isolated holes in 20 nm thin gold is probed as a function of alkanethiol CH(3)(CH2)x SH (x epsilon in 1-15) and protein adsorption using dark-field spectroscopy. We establish that the plasmon excitations of single and short-range ordered 60 nm holes exhibit similar E-field decay lengths delta approximately 10-20 nm and that a single hole can be used to resolve the successive adsorption of a protein (biotin-BSA) and its interaction partner (neutravidin). The data confirm the localized character of the hole plasmon and demonstrate that its applicability for bio/chemosensing is similar to that of particle plasmons.
[Prognostic significance of expression of c-ERBB-2 oncoprotein in breast cancer patients]. (1991)

The c-erbB-2 oncogene, is a member of tyrosine kinase oncogene family and expected to play a role in the regulation of cell growth. In the present study, prognostic significance of the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was investigated by immunocytochemical assay with 130 primary breast cancer patients. The positive expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was found in 53 out of 130 patients (40.8%). There was no significant correlation between expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and conventional prognostic factors, estrogen receptor (ER), axillary lymph node metastasis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Relapse free survival rate of the patients with positive c-erbB-2 expression was significantly worse than those with negative at 49 month after operation. Similar result was found in overall survival rate but the difference was not significant. Furthermore, when patients were stratified by regional nodal status, in the patients with lymph node metastasis, the prognosis of the patients with positive c-erbB-2 expression was significantly worse than those with negative, while no significant difference was found in the patients without lymph node metastasis. These results suggest that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein may act as a prognostic factor independently, predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Characteristic expression of three genes,msr(A),mph(C) anderm(Y), that confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics onStaphylococcus aureus (2003)

We have reported that the gene mph(C) (formally referred to as 'mphBM') is located on plasmid pMS97 342 bp downstream of the msr(A) gene. msr(A) specifies resistance to macrolides by ABC-transporter-mediated efflux, and mph(C) has 49% identity to the amino acid sequence of MPH(2')II, which encodes a phosphotransferase that inactivates some macrolide antibiotics. A strain of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325 containing plasmid pMS97 inactivated unlabeled and (14)C-labeled erythromycin when tested by bioautographic and radioautographic techniques. In addition to erythromycin, other 14-membered ring macrolides (except for ketolides), 15-membered ring macrolides and 16-membered ring macrolides, mycinamicin, rosamicin and YM133, were inactivated by the strain. Erythromycin inactivation products produced by the strain carrying pMS97 were completely different from those produced by Escherichia coli BM694 bearing plasmid pAT63, which contains the ereA gene encoding an esterase that hydrolyzes macrolide lactones. Constructs formed with the msr(A) and mph(C) genes, and with the msr(A), mph(C) and erm(Y) genes, showed erythromycin-inactivating activity, but another construct built with the mph(C) gene alone failed to show such activity. This result suggests that any region of the msr(A) gene is needed for the expression of mph(C).
The VDJ repertoire expressed in human preB cells reflects the selection of bona fide heavy chains (1996)

In early steps of B cell differentiation, mu chains are transiently expressed in association with a surrogate light chain (psi L) composed of the lambda-like and VpreB monomorphic polypeptides, thus forming a putative preB receptor. Using a monoclonal anti-VpreB antibody, preB cells were isolated from two adult human bone marrow samples and their VDJ repertoire analyzed at the transcription level. All VH families were identified and further analysis focused on VH3 sequence analysis of 37 distinct VDJ cDNA clones. The VH3 genes expressed in the two bone marrow samples were also encountered in fetal liver and adult peripheral blood lymphocytes with a roughly similar contribution of 3.30, 3.23, 3.9 and 3.53. The characteristic features of the preB repertoire as compared to the activation B repertoire include the quasi absence of somatic mutations, limited N diversity and a shorter third complementarity-determining region (CDR3). It also significantly differs from the fetal repertoire, which makes higher usage of DQ52 and has CDR3 of even shorter lengths. The almost constant presence of glycine residues in the CDR3 and predominance of JH4 with a low level of DQ52 DH usage, suggest that preB cell clones are submitted to an initial selective pressure which should be antigen independent. The bona fide heavy chains would be merely selected for their ability to interact with the surrogate light chains, thus shaping the repertoire that will be co-expressed with immunoglobulin light chains in IgM molecules.
The Molecular Balancing Act of p16INK4a in Cancer and Aging (2013)

p16(INK4a), located on chromosome 9p21.3, is lost among a cluster of neighboring tumor suppressor genes. Although it is classically known for its capacity to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, p16(INK4a) is not just a one-trick pony. Long-term p16(INK4a) expression pushes cells to enter senescence, an irreversible cell-cycle arrest that precludes the growth of would-be cancer cells but also contributes to cellular aging. Importantly, loss of p16(INK4a) is one of the most frequent events in human tumors and allows precancerous lesions to bypass senescence. Therefore, precise regulation of p16(INK4a) is essential to tissue homeostasis, maintaining a coordinated balance between tumor suppression and aging. This review outlines the molecular pathways critical for proper p16(INK4a) regulation and emphasizes the indispensable functions of p16(INK4a) in cancer, aging, and human physiology that make this gene special.
DenseBox: Unifying Landmark Localization with End to End Object Detection (2015)

How can a single fully convolutional neural network (FCN) perform on object detection? We introduce DenseBox, a unified end-to-end FCN framework that directly predicts bounding boxes and object class confidences through all locations and scales of an image. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we show that a single FCN, if designed and optimized carefully, can detect multiple different objects extremely accurately and efficiently. Second, we show that when incorporating with landmark localization during multi-task learning, DenseBox further improves object detection accuray. We present experimental results on public benchmark datasets including MALF face detection and KITTI car detection, that indicate our DenseBox is the state-of-the-art system for detecting challenging objects such as faces and cars.
Free Amino Acids and Phosphorylethanolamine in Milk Whey of Cow (1965)

Free amino acids in the milk of cow were investigated in comparison with those in the plasma. The concentrations of most free amino acids in the milk except for a few amino acid were lower than those in the plasma. It appears that the percentage of each amino acid in the milk against the corresponding amino acid in the plasma is the reflexion of casein synthesis in the mammary gland. Nutritional alteration influenced on the level of some amino acids in the milk. Free phosphorylserine, glycerylphosphorylethanolamine, and phosphorylethanolamine were observed in the milk. Phosphorylethanolamine was present in significantly high concentration in one animal as control, whereas was almost absent in another animal as experimental.
Polyphenol oxidase: The chloroplast oxidase with no established function (1988)

Vaughn, K. C, Lax, A. R. and Duke, S. O. 1988. Polyphenol oxidase: The chloroplast oxidase with no established function. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 659–665. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is an enzyme localized on the thylakoids of chloroplasts and in vesicles or other bodies in non‐green plastid types. Although virtually all plastids contain PPO, little or no detectable activity is associated with guard cell and bundle sheath cell chloroplasts. Despite this nearly ubiquitous occurrence, no function for this enzyme has been established. The enzyme is nuclear‐encoded and, unlike most chloroplast proteins is not encoded as a larger M, precursor molecule. This lack of a transit peptide sequence may be related to a unique mechanism of uptake, apparently involving inner envelope‐derived vesicles. The M, range of most of the PPO forms is 36–45 kDa. PPO is apparently not involved in phenolic biosynthesis but is probably involved with the production of o ‐quinones during pathogen invasion. A role for PPO as an “oxygen buffer” is postulated, but little concrete data have been collected on any other functional role for this enzyme.