gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ataxia Telangiectasia (1978)

Ataxia telangiectasia has been described as a single-gene autosomal recessive disorder. It affects multiple systems. Several attempts to present an etiological hypothesis that will account for the multisystem involvement have been made. Those reviewed haer are (1) aberration of inductive signaling, which is predicted on a deficient mesoderm, leading to vascular and thus multiorgan effects (a critical timing of events is a basic assumption); (2) developmental imbalance, based on multisystem supression of embryological development; (3) the autoimmune hypothesis, which requires the presence of a cell surface antigen on thymic and nerve cells analogous to the thy 1.1 antigen of mouse and rat. The development of cytotoxic autoantibody to this antigen is postulated as an explanation of the pathogenesis.
Interleukin-2 Receptor γ Chain: a Functional Component of the Interleukin-7 Receptor (1993)

The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma was demonstrated to be a component of the IL-4 receptor on the basis of chemical cross-linking data, the ability of IL-2R gamma to augment IL-4 binding affinity, and the requirement for IL-2R gamma in IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The observation that IL-2R gamma is a functional component of the IL-4 receptor, together with the finding that IL-2R gamma associates with the IL-7 receptor, begins to elucidate why deficiency of this common gamma chain (gamma c) has a profound effect on lymphoid function and development, as seen in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
Bead-Based ELISA for Validation of Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Markers (2006)

Optimization procedures yielded two bead-based assays for CA125 that perform comparably to the standard CA125II RIA, which could be combined with an HE4 bead-based assay to improve diagnostic performance, and requires only 15 muL of sample each.
Study on Mild Hydrolysis of Chitosan for Producing Glucosamine-hydrochloride (2001)

The mild hydrolysis of chitosan for producing glucosamine hydrochloride was studied. The ordinary hydrolysis of chitosan by saturated hydrochloric acid bed to char the product, glucosamine hydrochloride. The result showed that it was not the particle size of chitosan but the noncrystal line character effecting the mild hydrolysis, though the usual influencing factor of solid liquid heterogeneous reaction was particle size. And the yield of glucosamine hydrochloride reached 48% by using 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid, at the temperature of 90°C and reacting for 5 hours.
Effector Cells Derived from Host CD8 Memory T Cells Mediate Rapid Resistance against Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Mismatched Allogeneic Marrow Grafts without Participation of Perforin, Fas Ligand, and the Simultaneous Inhibition of 3 Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Effector Pathways (2005)

Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for transplant recipients have heightened awareness of immunologic resistance to allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT). Although T cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been assumed to play a role in the resistance against donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell grafts, several studies have reported relatively unimpaired resistance by recipients who lack perforin, Fas ligand (FasL), and other cytotoxic mediators. This study compared the early kinetics of T cell-mediated resistance in B6 (H2b) cytotoxically normal versus deficient recipients after transplantation with major histocompatibility complex-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-mismatched allogeneic marrow grafts. Wild-type B6 or cytotoxic double-deficient perforin-/-/gld+/+ (B6-cdd) mice were sensitized against major histocompatibility complex-matched BALB.B or C3H.SW (H2b) MiHA and transplanted with a high dose (1 x 10(7)) of T cell-depleted bone marrow. CD8 T memory cells were shown to be present in recipients before BMT, and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody infusion abolished resistance, thus demonstrating that CD8 T cells are the host effector population. Donor-committed and high proliferative potential progenitor numbers were markedly diminished by 48 hours after transplantation in both wild-type B6 and B6-cdd anti-donor MiHA-sensitized recipients. These observations indicate that the resistance pathway used in the cytotoxic deficient mice was both potent and rapidly induced--consistent with a CD8 memory T-cell response. To examine the role of Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)- and TL1A-mediated cytotoxicity in this strong resistance, newly generated monoclonal antibodies specific for these ligands were administered to B6-cdd recipients sensitized to donor antigens. Recipients of syngeneic B6-gfp bone marrow exhibited significant donor colony-forming unit numbers after BMT. In contrast, low or absent colony-forming unit levels were detected in allogeneic recipients, including those that lacked perforin and FasL and that received anti-TWEAK, anti-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and anti-TL1A monoclonal antibodies. These findings extend previous observations by demonstrating the existence of a rapidly effected resistance pathway mediated by memory CD8 effector T cells independent of the 2 major pathways of cytotoxicity. Together with previous findings, these results support the notion that effector cells derived from memory CD8 T-cell populations can mediate strong resistance against donor allogeneic MiHA-disparate hematopoietic engraftment by using a mechanism that is independent of the contribution of perforin, FasL, and the known death ligand receptor pathways.
Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and diagnostic accuracy of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy of carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors. (1996)

The aim of this study was to examine factors that may influence the pharmacokinetics, diagnostic accuracy, and dosimetry in radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Data from 275 patients with CEA expressing tumors were analyzed retrospectively. Of these, 69 patients devoid of human antimouse antibody (i.e., 31 colorectal, 9 lung, 7 breast, 4 ovarian, 6 pancreatic, 9 medullary thyroid, 1 gallbladder, and 1 salivary gland cancer, and 1 primary tumor of unknown origin) underwent a low-protein-dose diagnostic study (0.3-2.6 mg of protein; 6.8-28.8 mCi 131I-labeled IgG or fragments), followed within 4 weeks by a high-protein-dose therapy injection (4.0-27.5 mg of protein; 29.8-238.9 mCi). The anti-CEA antibodies NP-4 (Ka=10(8)M-1) and MN-14 (ka=10(9)M-1) were used. Plasma clearance, the molecular composition of radioactivity in the plasma, and the cumulated activity in organs and tumors were determined. Radiation doses were derived from the Medical Internal Radiation Dose scheme. At a low-protein dose and over a similar range of plasma CEA, a significantly higher percentage of MN-14 than of NP-4 was complexed with circulating CEA, consistent with its higher affinity. Complexation was reduced with increasing protein doses. However, the targeting sensitivity was not affected. Profound differences were found in the clearance of the antibody between different types of cancer. Colorectal cancer patients cleared the antibody significantly faster from blood (T1/2=17.6+/-12.6 versus 44.2 +/- 23.7 h) and whole body (t1/2= 53.2 +/- 30.1 versus 114.6+/-59.7 h) than all other tumor types (P <0.001). Consequently, significantly lower red marrow (2.1 +/- 1.0 cGy/mCi versus 4.3 +/- 1.6 cGy/mCi) and whole-body doses (0.5 +/- 0.3 cGy/mCi versus 1.0 +/- 0.4 cGy/mCi) were seen in colorectal cancer patients as compared with other tumor types (P < 0.001). This clearance is probably due to hepatic metabolism of the immune complexes. Clearance rates were especially high in patients with colorectal cancer having large liver metastases and elevated liver enzymes (rapid hepatic clearance with liberation of free I-). In contrast, a disease-stage and plasma CEA-matched cohort of colorectal cancer patients, examined with the 131 I-labeled anti-colon-specific antigen p mAb Mu-9, showed normal murine IgG pharmacokinetics (n=22;3 of them compared intraindividually to MN-14). Only in colorectal cancer patients did complexes between mAb and CEA tend to clear rapidly, whereas Mu-9 had normal kinetics in these patients. This suggests that different CEA-expressing cancer types may produce heterogeneous CEA molecules and that the variability in mAb clearance is due to varying clearance rates of these different circulating CEA subspecies. Disease-related alterations in antibody metabolism are unlikely, given that only anti-CEA antibodies exhibit this phenomenon.
Nitric Oxide Improves Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2001)

Pretreatment of HNSCC cells with long-acting NO donors enhances cisplatin activity. Short- and medium-acting NO donors do not exert a toxic effect and do not augment the activity of cisplatin. NO agonists should be considered in the future as a possible adjunct to cisplatin in the treatment of HNSCC. Further studies with animal models are necessary to further clarify this relationship.
High mobility group 1 B‐box mediates activation of human endothelium (2003)

The HMGB1 acts as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine on HUVEC and the activity is mainly mediated through the B-box of the protein. HMGB1 may be a key factor mediating part of the pro-inflammatory response occurring in septic shock and severe inflammation.
Efficient Solid-Phase-Based Total Synthesis of the Bisintercalator TANDEM (2005)

[reaction: see text] In this article, the first solid-phase-based total synthesis of TANDEM, a synthetic analogue of triostin A, is described. In initial studies, the synthesis incorporated depsipeptide formation, introduction of chromophores, and disulfide bond formation on the solid phase, prior to a final solution-phase macrolactamization, to give the target molecule. Although pure TANDEM was obtained in an overall yield comparable to those for all syntheses to date, the yield of the final cyclization was low (11%). A more efficient approach involved removal from the solid phase prior to disulfide bond formation. The resulting linear peptide underwent macrolactamization under mild conditions and high dilution. Final disulfide bond formation was essentially quantitative and gave the target molecule, TANDEM, in an overall yield of 18%. The final compound was assessed for its ability to bind to 5'-TpA sequences on DNA by DNase I footprinting. This efficient synthesis sets the stage for a study of the structure-activity relationship of TANDEM and the natural product triostin A, with analogues containing "point mutations" at every site within the cyclic compounds.
Real-Time Implementation of a Dual-Mode Ultrasound Array System: In Vivo Results (2013)

A real-time dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) system for imaging and therapy is described. The system utilizes a concave (40-mm radius of curvature) 3.5 MHz, 32 element array, and modular multichannel transmitter/receiver. The system is capable of operating in a variety of imaging and therapy modes (on transmit) and continuous receive on all array elements even during high-power operation. A signal chain consisting of field-programmable gate arrays and graphical processing units is used to enable real time, software-defined beamforming and image formation. Imaging data, from quality assurance phantoms as well as in vivo small- and large-animal models, are presented and discussed. Corresponding images obtained using a temporally-synchronized and spatially-aligned diagnostic probe confirm the DMUA's ability to form anatomically-correct images with sufficient contrast in an extended field of view around its geometric center. In addition, high-frame rate DMUA data also demonstrate the feasibility of detection and localization of echo changes indicative of cavitation and/or tissue boiling during high-intensity focused ultrasound exposures with 45-50 dB dynamic range. The results also show that the axial and lateral resolution of the DMUA are consistent with its f(number) and bandwidth with well-behaved speckle cell characteristics. These results point the way to a theranostic DMUA system capable of quantitative imaging of tissue property changes with high specificity to lesion formation using focused ultrasound.
Broadcast and multicast services in cdma2000 (2004)

A proposed broadcast and multicast system design for the third-generation cdma2000/sup /spl reg// cellular system is described. Network, signaling, and physical layer aspects of the design are proposed to provide an efficient, scalable, and practical method to support one-to-many delivery of different contents.
Targeted gene transfer to human hematopoietic progenitor cell lines through the c-kit receptor (1996)

In this report, we describe a novel gene therapy approach for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells using a specific receptor-mediated gene transfection procedure to target c-kit+ cell lines. The vector consists of plasmid DNA containing a luciferase reporter gene that is condensed by electrostatic forces with polylysine (PL) covalently linked to streptavidin (binds biotinylated ligand) and PL covalently linked to adenovirus (AD; to achieve endosomal lysis) with the final addition of biotinylated steel factor (SLF-biotin). Targeted transfection of growth factor-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines that express c-kit showed specific luciferase gene expression over cell lines that did not express c-kit. This effect was dependent on the dose of SLF-biotin and was competed by excess SLF or with monoclonal antibodies that recognize c-kit and block the binding of SLF to its receptor. Maximum transfection efficiency (> 90%) requires a 2-hour incubation period of the vector with the cells, and maximum gene expression occurred 30 hours later. Removal of the endosomalytic agent, AD, from the vector resulted in the loss of gene expression. Vector targeting was versatile and could be changed by the addition of other biotinylated ligands. In principle, this vector should be broadly applicable to deliver genes to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo.
Monoclonal antibodies in cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against human melanoma and colorectal carcinoma (1979)

Hybridoma-derived monoclonal anti-melanoma antibodies and anti-colorectal carcinoma antibodies were found to mediate in vitro antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reactions against melanoma and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively. The antigen(s) detected in ADCC on melanoma cells maintained for more than one hundred passages in tissue culture were also found on two recently established melanoma cell lines. These antigens were not detected on skin fibroblasts of the same patients from whom the melanomas were obtained. The ADCC reactivities of anti-melanoma and anti-colorectal carcinoma antibodies were found to be specific for melanoma cells and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively.
Asymmetric catalysis of metal complexes with non-planar ONNO ligands: salen, salalen and salan (2007)

Chiral metal (M)-salen complexes are one of the most versatile asymmetric catalysts and the catalysis of trans-M(salen) complexes has been well cultivated. On the other hand, non-planar cis-beta M(salen) complexes were recently found to show unique asymmetric catalysis that cannot be attained by trans-M(salen) complexes. Moreover, related non-planar M(salalen) and M(salan) complexes were also found to exert unprecedented asymmetric catalysis. This Feature Article summarizes the seminal studies on asymmetric catalysis of non-planar M(ONNO) complexes, full utilization of which will provide marked improvement in asymmetric synthesis.
Mutation screening of SCN2A in schizophrenia and identification of a novel loss-of-function mutation (2015)

We argue that very rare, LoF mutations at SCN2A act in a moderately penetrant manner to increase the risk of developing several neuropsychiatric disorders including seizure disorders, ID, autism and schizophrenia.
I rilievi a tre figure: dalla redazione romana al monumentogreco (2004)

The Three-Figure Reliefs, organically related to one another, are known only trough Roman copies. However, stylistic and formal considerations indicate that the prototypes were sculpted in Athens in the late fifth century B.C. The subjects reflect political and religious attitudes, claiming a collective identity expressed in the link between myth and reality. The common themes of death and afterlife suggest that these slabs were made as sculptural decoration for a public memorial. The marble copies, carved in the Augustan period and displayed at Rome in public contexts, show the how Roman culture appropriated these subjects. I consider them to reflect the expectations kindled by the new saeculm aureum of Roman society.
Biodegradation of lignocellulosics: microbial, chemical, and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack of lignin. (2005)

Wood is the main renewable material on Earth and is largely used as building material and in paper-pulp manufacturing. This review describes the composition of lignocellulosic materials, the different processes by which fungi are able to alter wood, including decay patterns caused by white, brown, and soft-rot fungi, and fungal staining of wood. The chemical, enzymatic, and molecular aspects of the fungal attack of lignin, which represents the key step in wood decay, are also discussed. Modern analytical techniques to investigate fungal degradation and modification of the lignin polymer are reviewed, as are the different oxidative enzymes (oxidoreductases) involved in lignin degradation. These include laccases, high redox potential ligninolytic peroxidases (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase), and oxidases. Special emphasis is given to the reactions catalyzed, their synergistic action on lignin, and the structural bases for their unique catalytic properties. Broadening our knowledge of lignocellulose biodegradation processes should contribute to better control of wood-decaying fungi, as well as to the development of new biocatalysts of industrial interest based on these organisms and their enzymes.
Adsorption of Atomic H and O on the (111) Surface of Pt3Ni Alloys (2004)

To determine the optimal structure and size of a cluster suitable for modeling chemical processes on the (111) surface of Pt3Ni alloys and to understand how alloying changes the electronic structure, we used the B3LYP flavor of density functional theory (DFT) to study systematically the composition and the characteristics of the Pt/Ni(111) alloy surface for clusters up to 44 atoms. We find that the bulk structure (Pt3Ni crystal) has the atoms cubic closest packed as in bulk Pt or bulk Ni, but ordered such that each Ni has 12 bonds to Pt atoms and we find that this same pattern is preferred on the (111) surface. As a result, the ordered (111) surface has each Ni surrounded by six Pt atoms. After determining the optimal cluster, we examined the chemisorption of atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen at all on-top (μ1), bridge (μ2), and 3-fold (μ3) sites on the (111) alloy surface. We find that oxygen binds most strongly at a fcc site (two Pt and one Ni atom) with an adsorption energy of 3.50 eV, which is 0.22 eV stronger than binding to the pure Pt(111) surface. The barrier for the O to migrate about fcc sites shared by the same Ni is 0.23 eV, but to hop over to a site bordering a different Ni is 0.53 eV. In contrast, the barrier on Pt(111) is 0.56 eV. Thus oxygen is much more localized on the Pt/Ni alloy surface than on pure Pt. A similar behavior was observed for the chemisorption of hydrogen. Here we find that the best site is on-top of Pt with De = 2.67 eV, which is comparable to pure Pt(111). In contrast to Pt(111) where the barrier for migration through the bridge and fcc sites is only 0.06 eV, making H very mobile, we find that on Pt/Ni(111) the adsorption energies range from 1.78 to 2.67 eV. Here the migration of the H from one Pt site to the next goes through the bridging and fcc sites sharing a Ni with a barrier of 0.12 eV, twice that for Pt(111).
Molecular cloning, reconstruction and expression of the gene encoding the alpha-chain of the bovine CD8--definition of three peptide regions conserved across species. (1992)

We report the cloning of a cDNA encoding the alpha-chain of the bovine CD8 (BoCD8 alpha). A bovine thymus cDNA library was hybridized at low stringency with a human CD8 alpha cDNA clone. The first round of screening of 5 x 10(4) independent colonies yielded 12 clones containing incomplete BoCD8 alpha genes. Two further rounds of colony hybridization were conducted, each using as a probe the 5' fragment from the longest BoCD8 alpha clone previously isolated. The final screening yielded a clone containing a 2 kilobase (kb) insert. We mapped and sequenced the 2 kb BoCD8 alpha clone and compared it with the published sequences of the genes encoding the human, mouse and rat CD8 alpha. Sequence analysis confirmed that the clone under study encoded the BoCD8 alpha. The overall similarity of the BoCD8 alpha coding region with the human CD8 alpha coding sequence is 74.7% at the nucleotide level and 62.1% at the protein level. Lower levels of similarity are found with the mouse and rat CD8 alpha. Interestingly, three separate highly homologous regions are clearly defined at the peptide level in bovine versus human and mouse versus rat comparisons. Two of the regions are highly conserved among all species analysed, while the most 5' region is not. We speculate that the latter region may contain the binding site of CD8 alpha to the alpha 3 domain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Sequence analysis showed that the 2 kb BoCD8 alpha clone contains an incomplete coding region, i.e. lacks six bases corresponding to the first two amino acids of the leader region. To allow efficient translation and processing of the BoCD8 alpha gene, we constructed a chimeric gene containing the coding sequence of the BoCD8 alpha clone and synthetic sequences corresponding to the first two amino acids of the human CD8 alpha leader sequence. The chimeric gene was subcloned in the pKSV10 expression vector. The pKSV10-BoCD8 alpha construct is efficiently expressed both transiently in COS cells and stably in L cells, as determined by Northern blot and by FACS analysis, using the ILA-51 monoclonal antibody to BoCD8 alpha. The latter result formally proves that the ILA-51 antibody does indeed recognize the product of the BoCD8 alpha gene, as previously suggested on serological grounds.
Conventional Treatment and its Effect on Survival of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Western Australia (1982)

Analysis of the survival of all 81 cases of pathologically confirmed malignant pleural mesothelioma in Western Australia between January 1957 and December 1980 has revealed a median survival from diagnosis of 5.1 months (mean 7.8 months). The average time between presentation and diagnosis was 3.4 months. Survival was better in younger subjects and subjects selected for surgery but was unrelated to sex, symptoms at onset, history of asbestos exposure, tumour morphology, therapy other than surgery or year of presentation. The selection of subjects at earlier clinical stages for surgical intervention is considered to account for their longer survival. The outlook for patients with this disease remains poor and there is still no optimism for future advances in therapy.