gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Compensation of the Nonlinear Distortions in Optical Transmitters Using Predistortion (2008)

The described method refers to compensation of nonlinear distortions, originating in laser diodes, used in wideband SCM-communication systems. Its essence is presenting in forming of a function that is opposite of the function describing the W-A characteristic of the emitting diode. Main element is the predistorter, which is connected in series before the emitting diode. This way, an improving of the optical transmitterÃ¢Â€Â™s parameters and characteristics is being realized, by using a purposive entering predistortion.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Fracture Calibration Tests (1995)

Summary Fracture-calibration pressure decline has been used for determination of the leakoff coefficient, a bulk variable describing the process of fluid influx into the reservoir, normal to the created fracture face. In this work, the fluid loss is modeled in terms of the controlling mechanisms: flow through the filter cake, the invaded zone, and the reservoir. A rigorous model describes unsteady-state fluid flow from fractures of varying area into the formation, with the filter cake considered as a time- and rate-dependent skin effect. The injection history is superposed on the pressure decline. This work provides a straight-line technique for determination of reservoir permeability and fracture-face resistance. Log-log diagnostic plots provide the means to recognize visually whether the transient response is dominated by flow in the reservoir or at the fracture face. We found that the pressure transient very frequently is dominated by the flow in the reservoir rather than through the filter cake. The reservoir permeability (an essential value for fracture design that is usually not available) can be estimated, while the model captures all trends of the falloff-pressure variation. Introduction The fracture-calibration treatment, also called an injection test or "minifracture," frequently is conducted before the main stimulation treatment. For the injection test, the fracturing fluid intended for the main treatment is pumped at a constant rate of a sufficient magnitude to achieve fracturing pressure. After several minutes (usually 20 to 30) the pumps are shut off and the bottomhole pressure declines as the fracture closes. During pumping, while the fracture volume grows, some of the fracturing fluid leaks off into the formation. After pumping ends, the fluid leakoff into the formation continues until the fracture is closed. Material balance, coupled with a model of propagation, permits estimation of the rate of fluid loss during pumping. The behavior of the pressure decline after the end of pumping has been used to estimate the leakoff (fluid-loss) coefficient, with techniques pioneered by Nolte. Castillo, using Nolte's G-function for modeling the pressure-decline behavior, developed the straight-line plot of the G-function vs. pressure. The slope of this curve is used for the computation of the leakoff coefficient that is independent of pressure.
Binding to deoxyribonucleic acid and inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase by analogs of chloroquine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding to deoxyribonucleic acid and inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase by analogs of chloroquineVictor E. Marquez, Joseph W. Cranston, Raymond W. Ruddon, and Joseph H. BurckhalterCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 8, 856–862Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00254a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00254a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictive Assays of Tumor Radiocurability (1988)

Peters, Lester J. M.D.; Brock, William A. Ph.D.; Chapman, J. D. Ph.D.; Wilson, George Ph.D. Author Information
1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Receptors in Intestine (1974)

Abstract Specific binding of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the cytosol and purified chromatin fractions of chick small intestinal mucosa was studied to investigate the mechanism by which this hormone arrives at its chromatin binding site. The cytosol fraction of the mucosa contains a macromolecule with a high affinity (Kd = 2.2 x 10-9 m) for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and has a limited number of binding sites which are saturated at low hormone concentrations (≃ 10-8 m). The association of the sterol with the cytoplasmic component is thermolabile, and is destroyed by treatment with pronase, but not by nucleases, and the receptor component is therefore presumed to be a protein. The protein-sterol complex was isolated and characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation and sediments at 3 to 3.5 S in the presence of 0.15 m KCl. The interaction of 1α,25-dihydroxy[3H] cholecalciferol with the cytosol protein is reversed by unlabeled 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol g 25-hydroxycholecalciferol g 1α,25-hydroxycholecalciferol g cholecalciferol ≃ estradiol-17β. The subcellular localization of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is temperature-dependent. The hormone remains bound to the cytosol fraction at 0° in whole intestines in vitro, and a dramatic movement of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to the nuclear chromatin occurs at 37°. The temperature dependence of the hormone localization is also evident in intestinal mucosa homogenates and reconstituted cytosol-chromatin systems. This observation suggests that the cell membrane and nuclear membrane are not involved in the temperature-dependent process. It is postulated that the specific cytosol receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol functions to transport the hormone to its ultimate site of action in the nuclear chromatin.
Lysostaphin eradicates established Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in jugular vein catheterized mice (2009)

Lysostaphin administered at 15 mg/kg in combination with 50 mg/kg nafcillin three times per day for 4 days eradicated established S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, biofilms from implanted catheters and sterilized heart and liver infections of S. aureus-infected mice. Furthermore, a single pre-instillation of 10 mg/kg lysostaphin in catheters completely protected catheterized mice from a subsequent biofilm infection. These results demonstrate that lysostaphin is an effective treatment as well as prophylaxis for S. aureus biofilms on indwelling catheters.
Detection and viability of tumor cells in peripheral blood stem cell collections from breast cancer patients using immunocytochemical and clonogenic assay techniques [see comments] (1993)

Abstract Although peripheral blood stem cell collections (PBSC) are thought to have less tumor involvement than bone marrow (BM), the incidence of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer has not been widely investigated. We prospectively investigated the incidence and viability of tumor cell involvement in PBSC and BM collections from breast cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Paired samples of PBSC and BM from 48 patients were analyzed using an immunocytochemical technique that detects one epithelial-derived tumor cell per 5 x 10(5) mononuclear cells. Immunostained tumor cells were detected in 9.8% (13/133) PBSC specimens from 9/48 (18.7%) patients and in 62.3% (38/61) BM specimens from 32/48 (66.7%) patients, a significantly higher rate than in PBSC (P &lt; .005). The geometric mean concentration of tumor cells in contaminated PBSC specimens was 0.8/10(5) mononuclear cells (range 0.33 to 2.0/10(5)) compared with 22.9/10(5) mononuclear cells in BM (range 1 to 3,000/10(5), P &lt; .0001). In culture experiments, clonogenic tumor colonies grew in 21/26 immunocytochemically positive specimens. No tumor colony growth was detected in 30/32 immunocytochemically negative specimens. Immunocytochemical detection of tumor involvement in BM and PBSC correlated significantly with in vitro clonogenic growth (P &lt; .0001). We conclude that PBSC contain fewer tumor cells than paired BM specimens from patients with advanced breast cancer and that these tumor cells appear to be capable of clonogenic growth in vitro.
Tripeptidyl Peptidase I, the Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Gene Product, Initiates the Lysosomal Degradation of Subunit c of ATP Synthase (2000)

The specific accumulation of a hydrophobic protein, subunit c of ATP synthase, in lysosomes from the cells of patients with the late infantile form of NCL (LINCL) is caused by a defect in the CLN2 gene product, tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPP-I). The data here show that TPP-I is involved in the initial degradation of subunit c in lysosomes and suggest that its absence leads directly to the lysosomal accumulation of subunit c. The inclusion of a specific inhibitor of TPP-I, Ala-Ala-Phe-chloromethylketone (AAF-CMK), in the culture medium of normal fibroblasts induced the lysosomal accumulation of subunit c. In an in vitro incubation experiment the addition of AAF-CMK to mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions from normal cells inhibited the proteolysis of subunit c, but not the b-subunit of ATP synthase. The use of two antibodies that recognize the aminoterminal and the middle portion of subunit c revealed that the subunit underwent aminoterminal proteolysis, when TPP-I, purified from rat spleen, was added to the mitochondrial fractions. The addition of both purified TPP-I and the soluble lysosomal fractions, which contain various proteinases, to the mitochondrial fractions resulted in rapid degradation of the entire molecule of subunit c, whereas the degradation of subunit c was markedly delayed through the specific inhibition of TPP-I in lysosomal extracts by AAF-CMK. The stable subunit c in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions from cells of a patient with LINCL was degraded on incubation with purified TPP-I. The presence of TPP-I led to the sequential cleavage of tripeptides from the N-terminus of the peptide corresponding to the amino terminal sequence of subunit c.
Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2h)-one (1988)

The synthesis of 2-methylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-one (2) present in the insect feeding deterrent peramine (1) through oxidation of the saturated lactam (3) is described. The preparation of the related 6- methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7(6H)-one (12) through a Lewis-acid- catalysed cyclization of the amide acetal (7) is also described.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral tiludronate in paget's disease of bone (1992)

Because of its significantly better antiresorptive effects and greater analgesic properties (compared with lower dosages), combined with the excellent clinical and biochemical tolerance, the 800-mg daily dose of tiludronate appears to be optimal for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
Induction of human β‐defensin‐2 expression in human astrocytes by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines (2001)

Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. They are members of a supergene family consisting of alpha and beta subtypes and each subtype is comprised of a number of different isoforms. For example, human alpha-defensin (HAD) has six isoforms, which are expressed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Paneth cells. In contrast, human beta-defensin (HBD) has two isoforms that are expressed by epithelial cells of the skin, gut, respiratory and urogenital tracts. Recently, HBD-1 was detected in human brain biopsy tissue. However, little is known about the expression of HBD-1 or HBD-2 in the CNS and whether neural cells can secrete these peptides. For the present study, human astrocyte, microglial, meningeal fibroblast and neuronal cultures were probed for the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNA and protein. Each cell type was either maintained in tissue culture medium alone or in medium containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 microgram/mL, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) at 1-50 ng/mL, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at the same concentrations. The expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs was monitored by RT-PCR. The cDNA products were sequenced to characterize the gene product. HBD-2 protein was detected by immunoblot, immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. Results of these studies showed that HBD-1 mRNA was detected in all cell cultures except in those enriched for neurons. In contrast, HBD-2 mRNA was detected only in astrocyte cultures that were treated with LPS, IL-1beta or TNF-alpha. The detection of the respective proteins correlated positively with the mRNA results. As such, these data represent the first demonstration of HBD-2 expression by astrocytes and suggest that this peptide may play a role in host defense against bacterial CNS pathogenesis.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Liposomal Amikacin for Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Chronic Pseudomonal Infection (2009)

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel liposomal amikacin for inhalation were evaluated in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic pseudomonas infection. Twenty-four patients from two studies received 500 mg of liposomal amikacin by inhalation once daily for 14 days. Serum, sputum, and 24-h urine samples were collected on days 1 and 14 of therapy; pulmonary function tests (PFT) and sputum for quantitative microbiology were assessed at baseline and serially for 14 days. Relationships between amikacin exposure in serum and sputum and absolute change in PFT endpoints and log10 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from baseline on days 7 and 14 of therapy were assessed. On days 7 and 14, absolute change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % predicted), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) increased by 0.24 (P = 0.002) and 0.13 (P = 0.10) liters, 7.49 (P < 0.001) and 4.38 (P = 0.03), and 0.49 (P < 0.001) and 0.42 (P = 0.02) liters/s, respectively. In addition, relative change from baseline in FEV1 % predicted was 10.8% (P < 0.001) and 5.62% (P = 0.073) on days 7 and 14, respectively. While significant relationships between absolute change in PFT endpoints and the ratio of serum or sputum area under the concentration-time curve to the MIC (AUC/MIC) were not observed, relationships between change in log10 CFU and serum AUC/MIC ratio and change in log10 CFU and absolute changes in all PFT endpoints were significant. Together, these findings likely represent drug effect and warrant the further development of liposomal amikacin for inhalation.
Interruption of capsule production in Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 3 by insertion of transposon Tn916 (1990)

Transposon Tn916 mutagenesis was used to produce mutant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 that lacked only a polysaccharide capsule. Southern blotting, DNA-DNA hybridization, and immunochemical analyses demonstrated that the presence of a single copy of Tn916 was sufficient to produce unencapsulation. The 50% lethal dose for such mutants was greater than 5 x 10(7) CFU, as opposed to a 50% lethal dose of 1 CFU for wild-type strains. These experiments outline an effective method for targeting genes in S. pneumoniae by transposon interruption and provide molecular evidence to support the longstanding hypothesis that the capsule is the principal virulence factor in this pathogen.
Exterior caustics produced in scattering of a diagonally incident plane wave by a circular cylinder: semiclassical scattering theory analysis (2000)

We use the semiclassical limit of electromagnetic wave scattering theory to determine the properties of the exterior caustics of a diagonally incident plane wave scattered by an infinitely long homogeneous dielectric circular cylinder in both the near zone and the far zone. The transmission caustic has an exterior/interior cusp transition as the tilt angle of the incident beam is increased, and each of the rainbow caustics has a farzone rainbow/exterior cusp transition and an exterior/interior cusp transition as the incident beam tilt angle is increased. We experimentally observe and analyze both transitions of the first-order rainbow. We also compare the predictions of the semiclassical approximation with those of ray theory and exact electromagnetic wave scattering theory.
HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from dried blood spots stored for 1 year at 4 C (2008)

We show that drug resistance genotyping from DBSs stored at 4 degrees C with desiccant is highly efficient but requires the amplification of small pol fragments and the use of an in-house nested PCR protocol with quality-controlled reagents. These findings suggest that 4 degrees C may represent a suitable temperature for long-term storage of DBSs.
High Power LEDs - Technology Status and Market Applications (2002)

High power light emitting diodes (LEDs) continue to increase in output flux with the best III-nitride based devices today emitting over 150 lm of white, cyan, or green light. The key design features of such products will be covered with special emphasis on power packaging, flip-chip device design, and phosphor coating technology. The high-flux performance of these devices is enabling many new applications for LEDs. Two of the most interesting of these applications are LCD display backlighting and vehicle forward lighting. The advantages of LEDs over competing lighting technologies will be covered in detail.
Further Improvements of the Synthesis of Alkynes from Aldehydes (2003)

A highly convenient way to perform the synthesis of alkynes from aldehydes is reported. The procedure utilizes a new in situ preparation of dimethyldiazomethylphosphonate. As a consequence a commercially available reagent can now be used, circumventing a disadvantage of earlier protocols. The easy one-pot procedure avoids the use of strong bases, low temperatures and inert gas techniques.
Estimation of nisin in foods (1964)

Abstract Methods for the estimation of nisin in solution and in foods are described and the nisin unit is redefined. The presence of interfering substances in certain food extracts has been demonstrated. In the foods examined compensation for the effect on the plate assay could be made by inactivating the nisin by an alkali treatment, and using these treated extracts as a basis for controls. For quantitative determination of suspensions of nisin alone and in food extracts, a large plate diffusion method requiring no prediffusion and using M. flavus as test organism is described. For semi‐quantitative estimations, or for sorting purposes, a simple reverse‐phase disk assay technique based on B. stearothermophilus spores, with overnight incubation at 55°, is proposed.
Improved Tet-responsive promoters with minimized background expression (2010)

Until now, our understanding of mammalian transcriptional regulation including promoter architecture is limited. Nevertheless, the partly empirical modification of cis-elements as shown in this study can lead to the specific improvement of the performance of minimal promoters. The novel composite Ptet promoters introduced here will further expand the utility of the Tet system.
Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl- d -erythritol synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

A hypothetical gene with similarity to the ispD gene of Escherichia coli was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA. The ORF of 909 bp specifies a protein of 302 amino acid residues. The cognate chromosomal gene consists of 2,071 bp and comprises 11 introns with a size range of 78-202 bp. A fragment comprising amino acid residues 76-302 was expressed in a recombinant E. coli strain. The protein was purified to homogeneity and was shown to catalyze the formation of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol from 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate with a specific activity of 67 micromol small middle dotmin(-1) mg(-1). The Michaelis constants for 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol and CTP were 500 microM and 114 microM, respectively.
Cholinergic therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Palliative or disease altering? (1995)

Loss of cholinergic function in the neocortex and hippocampus arising from death or atrophy of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a consistent feature of the Alzheimer brain at autopsy or biopsy. Replacement of lost cholinergic function, therefore, may be of therapeutic benefit to the Alzheimer's (AD) patients. This can be accomplished by enhancing endogenous levels of acetylcholine (ACh) through inhibition of its degradation by acetylcholinesterase on by directly mimicking its actions at postsynaptic muscarinic receptors. Initial efforts focused on inhibition of cholinesterase activity with tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydroaminoacridine monochloride, CAS 1684-40-8, THA, Cognex). Tacrine is a mixed, reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase activity that binds near but not to the catalytically active serine in the active site of the enzyme. Through this action tacrine indirectly elevates ACh levels in the brains of animals and improves cognitive performance in rodents and monkeys. More importantly, tacrine has been shown to significantly improve several measures of cognitive performance in probable AD patients in well-controlled clinical trials, although not all patients respond to this agent. CI-979 ((E)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-3-pyridine-carboxyaldehyde-O-meth yl oxime, CAS 139886-04-7) is a non-subtype selective, partial muscarinic agonist that enhances cognitive performance and increases central cholinergic activity in rodents at doses below those required to increase peripheral cholinergic tone. In normal healthy volunteers, CI-979 is well tolerated at single and multiple doses (q 6 h) up to 1.0 mg. In normal healthy volunteers, CI-979 is well tolerated at single and multiple doses (q 6 h) up to 1.0 mg. Expected signs of mild to moderate peripheral cholinergic stimulation were noted at 0.5 to 1.0 mg doses (q 6 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BSIM: Berkeley short-channel IGFET model for MOS transistors (1987)

The Berkeley short-channel IGFET model (BSIM), an accurate and computationally efficient MOS transistor model, and its associated characterization facility for advanced integrated-circuit design are described. Both the strong-inversion and weak-inversion components of the drain current expression are included. In order to speed up the circuit-simulation execution time, the dependence of the drain current on the substrate bias has been modeled with a numerical approximation. This approximation also simplifies the transistor terminal-charge expressions. The charge model was derived from its drain-current counterpart to preserve consistency of device physics. Charge conservation is guaranteed in this model.