gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Methods of Mathematical Physics (1980)

In recent years the methods of modern differential geometry have become of considerable importance in theoretical physics and have found application in relativity and cosmology, high-energy physics and field theory, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and mechanics. This textbook provides an introduction to these methods - in particular Lie derivatives, Lie groups and differential forms - and covers their extensive applications to theoretical physics. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with advanced calculus, linear algebra and a little elementary operator theory. The advanced physics undergraduate should therefore find the presentation quite accessible. This account will prove valuable for those with backgrounds in physics and applied mathematics who desire an introduction to the subject. Having studied the book, the reader will be able to comprehend research papers that use this mathematics and follow more advanced pure-mathematical expositions.
Detection of circulating prostate cells during radical prostatectomy by standardized PSMA RT-PCR: association with positive lymph nodes and high malignant grade. (2004)

Counseling the patient with clinically localized prostate cancer can be challenging. Surgery may be, in retrospect, inappropriate in a number of patients due to preoperative understaging. This newly constructed external standard allows quantitative detection of circulating prostate cells, and therefore may open new perspectives for PSMA RT-PCR techniques as diagnostic assays and tools for post-therapeutic follow-up.
Hormone-mediated repression: a negative glucocorticoid response element from the bovine prolactin gene. (1988)

We have defined and characterized a region upstream of the bovine prolactin gene that confers repression by glucocorticoids. This 'negative glucocorticoid response element' (nGRE) contains multiple footprinting sites for purified glucocorticoid receptor protein between -51 and -562 bp. A strong consensus sequence for receptor binding within the nGRE has not yet been defined, but it is apparent that nGRE sequences differ from the GRE consensus elements that confer positive glucocorticoid regulation. Unlike 'positive' GREs, the nGRE enhances promoter activity in the absence of glucocorticoids or receptor, presumably through the action of a protein that binds in the same region and activates transcription. The hormone-receptor complex appears to negate this enhancement by competing or inactivating the second factor. As with positive GREs, nGRE sequences confer hormonal regulation upon linked heterologous promoters within various cell types; a 34-bp subfragment containing a single receptor binding site is sufficient for nGRE activity. We speculate that nGRE sequences might alter the structure of bound receptor, thereby preventing it from functioning as a positive regulator when bound at those sites.
Combinatorial design of multimeric chelating peptoids for selective metal coordination (2019)

Current methods for metal chelation are generally based on multidentate organic ligands, which are generated through cumbersome multistep synthetic processes that lack flexibility for systematically varying metal-binding motifs. Octadentate ligands incorporating hydroxypyridinone or catecholamide binding moieties onto a spermine scaffold are known to display some of the highest affinities towards f-elements. Enhancing binding affinity for specific lanthanide or actinide ions however, necessitates ligand architectures that allow for modular and high throughput synthesis. Here we introduce a high-throughput combinatorial library of 16 tetrameric <i>N</i>-substituted glycine oligomers (peptoids) containing hydroxypyridinone or catecholamide chelating units linked <i>via</i> an ethylenediamine bridge and, for comparison, we also synthesized the corresponding mixed ligands derived from the spermine scaffold: 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)<sub>2</sub>(CAM)<sub>2</sub> and 3,4,3-LI(CAM)<sub>2</sub>(1,2-HOPO)<sub>2</sub>. Coordination-based luminescence studies were carried out with Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> to begin probing the properties of the new ligand architecture and revealed higher sensitization efficiency with the spermine scaffold as well as different spectroscopic features among the structural peptoid isomers. Solution thermodynamic properties of selected ligands revealed different coordination properties between the spermine and peptoid analogues with Eu<sup>3+</sup> stability constants log <i>β</i> <sub>110</sub> ranging from 28.88 ± 3.45 to 43.97 ± 0.49. The general synthetic strategy presented here paves the way for precision design of new specific and versatile ligands, with a variety of applications tailored towards the use of f-elements, including separations, optical device optimization, and pharmaceutical development.
The TREC-8 Question Answering Track Evaluation (1999)

The TREC-8 Question Answering track was the first large-scale evaluation of systems that return answers, as opposed to lists of documents, in response to a question. As a first evaluation, it is important to examine the evaluation methodology itself to understand any limits on the conclusions that can be drawn from the evaluation and possibly to find ways to improve subsequent evaluations. This paper has two main goals: to describe in detail how the evaluation was implemented, and to examine the consequences of the methodology on the comparative performance of the systems participating in the evaluation. The examination uncovered no serious flaws in the methodology, supporting its continued use for question answering evaluation. Nonetheless, redefining the specific task to be performed so that it more closely matches an actual user task does appear warranted. 1 Introduction The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) is a series of workshops designed to advance the state-of-the-art ...
The5ESSSwitching System: Introduction (1985)

This special issue of the AT&T Technical Journal is devoted to the 5ESS™ switch. In this introductory paper the authors provide some historical background; outline the characteristics of this new, advanced system; and summarize its architecture, features, and status.
Diacylglycerols mimic phorbol diester induction of leukemic cell differentiation. (1985)

Activation of cellular protein kinase C appears to be involved in the mechanism by which phorbol diesters induce differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). Protein kinase C is thought to be physiologically activated by diacylglycerol derived from receptor-mediated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. sn-1,2-diacylglycerols with short saturated acyl side chains (C4-C10) were synthesized and found to be potent activators of protein kinase C partially purified from HL-60 cells. These diacylglycerols were also competitive inhibitors of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding to the soluble phorbol diester receptor. The most potent diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, displaced greater than 90% of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate from the phorbol diester receptor of intact HL-60 cells. Because of probable cellular metabolism of sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, hourly doses were required to maintain persistent occupancy of the phorbol diester binding site. Treatment of HL-60 cells with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol produced identical phosphoprotein changes. Finally, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol induced differentiation of the HL-60 cells into cells with morphologic characteristics of macrophages. Substitution of the hydroxyl group at position 3 with a hydrogen, chloro, or sulfhydryl moiety inactivated sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol. These data strengthen the hypothesis that protein kinase C activation plays a role in macrophage differentiation.
Severe imbalance of IL-18/IL-18BP in patients with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (2005)

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is characterized by an uncontrolled and poorly understood activation of T-helper 1 (Th-1) lymphocytes and macrophages. We studied 20 patients with HPS secondary to infections, autoimmune disease, lymphoma, or cancer and observed that the concentrations of serum interleukin 18 (IL-18), a strong inducer of Th-1 responses, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, and stimulation of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells were highly increased in HPS but not in control patients. In contrast, concentrations of its natural inhibitor, the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), were only moderately elevated, resulting in a high level of biologically active free IL-18 in HPS (4.6-fold increase compared with controls; P < .001). Free IL-18 but not IL-12 concentrations significantly correlated with clinical status and the biologic markers of HPS such as anemia (P < .001), hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia (P < .01) and also with markers of Th-1 lymphocyte or macrophage activation, such as elevated concentrations of IFN-gamma and soluble IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor concentrations. Despite high IL-18 elevation, in vitro NK-cell cytotoxicity was severely impaired in HPS patients, in part due to NK-cell lymphopenia that was observed in a majority of patients but also secondary to an intrinsic NK-cell functional deficiency. We concluded that a severe IL-18/IL-18BP imbalance results in Th-1 lymphocyte and macrophage activation, which escapes control by NK-cell cytotoxicity and may allow for secondary HPS in patients with underlying diseases.
SYNERGISTIC POTENTIATION OF INTERFERON WITH D-FRACTION ON BLADDER CANCER CELLS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009SYNERGISTIC POTENTIATION OF INTERFERON WITH D-FRACTION ON BLADDER CANCER CELLS Brandon Louie, Mauricio Davalos, Paul Pyo, John Won, Muhammad Choudhury, and Sensuke Konno Brandon LouieBrandon Louie More articles by this author , Mauricio DavalosMauricio Davalos More articles by this author , Paul PyoPaul Pyo More articles by this author , John WonJohn Won More articles by this author , Muhammad ChoudhuryMuhammad Choudhury More articles by this author , and Sensuke KonnoSensuke Konno More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61173-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "SYNERGISTIC POTENTIATION OF INTERFERON WITH D-FRACTION ON BLADDER CANCER CELLS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 413 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 413 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Brandon Louie More articles by this author Mauricio Davalos More articles by this author Paul Pyo More articles by this author John Won More articles by this author Muhammad Choudhury More articles by this author Sensuke Konno More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Wise, a context-dependent activator and inhibitor of Wnt signalling (2003)

We have isolated a novel secreted molecule, Wise, by a functional screen for activities that alter the anteroposterior character of neuralised Xenopus animal caps. Wise encodes a secreted protein capable of inducing posterior neural markers at a distance. Phenotypes arising from ectopic expression or depletion of Wise resemble those obtained when Wnt signalling is altered. In animal cap assays, posterior neural markers can be induced by Wnt family members, and induction of these markers by Wise requires components of the canonical Wnt pathway. This indicates that in this context Wise activates the Wnt signalling cascade by mimicking some of the effects of Wnt ligands. Activation of the pathway was further confirmed by nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin driven by Wise. By contrast, in an assay for secondary axis induction, extracellularly Wise antagonises the axis-inducing ability of Wnt8. Thus, Wise can activate or inhibit Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. The Wise protein physically interacts with the Wnt co-receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), and is able to compete with Wnt8 for binding to LRP6. These activities of Wise provide a new mechanism for integrating inputs through the Wnt coreceptor complex to modulate the balance of Wnt signalling.
A Potent and Orally Active Antagonist (SM-406/AT-406) of Multiple Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) in Clinical Development for Cancer Treatment (2011)

We report the discovery and characterization of SM-406 (compound 2), a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). This compound binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with K(i) of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Compound 2 effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. It has good oral bioavailability in mice, rats, non-human primates, and dogs, is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors, and is capable of complete inhibition of tumor growth. Compound 2 is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of human cancer.
San Francisco area: testosterone replacement study, injection vs. patch. (1995)

A 24-week San Francisco study will compare testosterone replacement via injection or patch versus placebo. Participants will be given 200 mg of testosterone enanthate every two weeks, or the patch (Testoderm) to wear on the scrotum. Study-required treatments and tests are free, except for an initial test of testosterone level. Men must be seventeen years old or older. Additional comments highlight a new patch that can be worn on other parts of the body besides the scrotum, and a new testosterone replacement gel which has yet to be approved in the U.S.
Molecular targets for retinal vascular diseases (2006)

The elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of a disease in animal models provides candidate targets for treatment. As specific antagonists for a target are developed and tested in clinical trials, if benefit is achieved, the candidate becomes a validated target. Validated targets stimulate additional research to identify optimal ways of attacking the target and studies in related disease processes to determine if the molecule is also a target in that context. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a validated target for several retinal vascular diseases. This has led to a flurry of activity resulting in beneficial treatments for patients and intensification of the search for other targets. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical trial results obtained with VEGF antagonists and describes evidence supporting the candidacy of other molecules currently being tested or soon to be tested for target status.
International migration and development in sub-Saharan Africa : country analyses (1990)

Population migration is a perennial phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its causes and impacts are highly varied across the region, and its scale fluctuates significantly over time as well as among the different geographic areas of the continent. One of the principal objectives of this review was to assess the broad development policy implications of international migration in sub-Saharan Africa. Another important objective was to collate and facilitate access to migration information as a contribution to better understanding of country-specific settings in which World Bank operations are designed. This study reviews current government policies toward entry, exit, and status of international migrants, as well as bilateral and regional arrangements affecting population movements. Of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, only 12 view current levels of migration as too high, and all but one of these have explicit policies to lower existing levels. Of 18 countries reporting significantly high levels of emigration, only 8 have policies to reduce the outflow. It also analyzes major trends in refugee flows, their causes, types and implications for source and asylum countries as well as for international assistance agencies.
The Effects on Perceived Restaurant Expensiveness of Tipping and Its Alternatives (2007)

Research on behavioral pricing has found that presenting the price of a product or service in separate parts rather than a consolidated whole can reduce consumers' perceptions of the total cost. That principle suggests that restaurants which charge separate fees for their food and service whether by voluntary tipping or an automatic service charge may be perceived as less expensive than those that include service charges in the form of an all-inclusive price. An internet-based simulation testing that idea found that participants rated restaurants with tipping or automatic gratuity policies as less expensive than restaurants that built the costs of service into menu prices. Furthermore, participants ordered more expensive meals when automatic gratuities were added to the bill than when the costs of service were built into menu prices. While the study was a simulation only (and no money was at stake), the industry's longstanding practice of setting menu prices with service charges extra is supported by these findings.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2001)

Insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp, insulin infusion rate: 40 mU. m(-2). min(-1)) was studied in 30 subjects with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), normal glucose tolerance, and a BMI <30 kg/m(2). Of those 30 subjects, 9 had pure fatty liver and 21 had evidence of steatohepatitis. In addition, 10 patients with type 2 diabetes under good metabolic control and 10 healthy subjects were studied. Most NAFLD patients had central fat accumulation, increased triglycerides and uric acid, and low HDL cholesterol, irrespective of BMI. Glucose disposal during the clamp was reduced by nearly 50% in NAFLD patients, as well as in patients with normal body weight, to an extent similar to that of the type 2 diabetic patients. Basal free fatty acids were increased, whereas insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis was less effective (-69% in NAFLD vs. -84% in control subjects; P = 0.003). Postabsorptive hepatic glucose production (HGP), measured by [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose, was normal. In response to insulin infusion, HGP decreased by only 63% of basal in NAFLD vs. 84% in control subjects (P = 0.002). Compared with type 2 diabetic patients, NAFLD patients were characterized by lower basal HGP, but with similarly reduced insulin-mediated suppression of HGP. There was laboratory evidence of iron overload in many NAFLD patients, but clinical, histological, and biochemical data (including insulin sensitivity) were not correlated with iron status. Four subjects were heterozygous for mutation His63Asp of the HFE gene of familiar hemochromatosis. We concluded that NAFLD, in the presence of normoglycemia and normal or moderately increased body weight, is characterized by clinical and laboratory data similar to those found in diabetes and obesity. NAFLD may be considered an additional feature of the metabolic syndrome, with specific hepatic insulin resistance.
Cytochrome f and plastocyanin: their sequence in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Use of flow and laser scanning cytometry to study mechanisms regulating cell cycle and controlling cell death. (2001)

Applications of FC and more recently LSC in the fields of cell cycle progression and cell death already have revealed a wealth of knowledge about mechanisms involved in regulation of these pathways. The cytometry instrumentation and the associated methodologies complement tools of molecular biology by providing information that is unavailable from the latter alone. The use of cytometry side by side with classic molecular biology methods offers the means for deeper exploration of these mechanisms at molecular and cellular levels. Recent years brought the availability of new cytometric probes that sense the functional changes in the cell, such as chemical modifications (phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitinylation, and so forth) of the regulatory molecules, or their translocations between different cell compartments. Such probes will be particularly useful in mechanistic studies on cell cycle and cell death. One expects that the progress in these fields will expand at a continuously accelerating pace, propelled by development of new methodologies and probes. One of the dominating motors for this progress will be further development of cytometry instrumentation and the applicability of this instrumentation, methods, and probes.
Rapid high-efficiency site-directed mutagenesis by the phosphorothioate approach. (1992)

Several improvements to the existing phosphorothioate-based site-directed mutagenesis methodology are reported, and here it is demonstrated that the new procedure is able to produce large deletions, insertions and point mutations rapidly and with very high efficiency. The time required for the polymerization step has been reduced by using T7 DNA polymerase to extend the mutant oligonucleotide primer-template. The reaction produces good yields of double-stranded closed-circular DNA and some partially polymerized template. The reaction was treated with T5 D15 exonuclease to selectively destroy partially polymerized single-stranded phage DNA that may otherwise contribute to an increased background of wild-type transformants. The use of these enzymes greatly facilitates the implementation of the phosphorothioate-based site-directed mutagenesis method by requiring less template DNA and by allowing all the in vitro manipulations to be completed in a day. In its present form the method may easily be automated, enabling large systematic site-directed mutagenesis projects to be undertaken.
Effect of different extraction processes on oil productivity of yeast. (2014)

The effects of different oil extraction processes on oil productivity of oil-producing yeast were studied.With high oil-producing yeast strains JM-D as raw material and oil productivity as indicator,the crushing effects of JM-D cell wall by different methods(snail enzymatic method,ultrasonic crushing method,repeated freeze-thaw method,cell homogenizer crushing method,microwave crushing method,grinding method and acid-hot method) were compared,and the extraction effects of oil from JM-D cell by organic solvent extraction method and Soxhlet extraction method were also compared.The results showed that the crushing effect of JM-D cell wall by snail enzymatic method was the best,the oil productivity reaching 46.2%,followed by repeated freeze-thaw method(thawing in 100 ℃ water bath) and acid-hot method combined with grinding method,and their oil productivities reached 43.4% and 37.8% respectively.The extraction effect of oil from JM-D cell after grinding by Soxhlet extraction method was superior to that by organic solvent extraction method.
Safety and efficacy of a multi-electrode renal sympathetic denervation system in resistant hypertension: the EnligHTN I trial (2013)

Renal sympathetic denervation, using the EnligHTN multi-electrode catheter results in a rapid and significant office blood pressure reduction that was sustained through 6 months. The EnligHTN system delivers a promising therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension.