gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nematogenic aromatic block copolymers of rigid and flexible units. II. Phase equilibria (1987)

Abstract The solubility and mesophase behavior are investigated for block copolymers of poly( p ‐benzamide) (PBA), the polyterephthalamide of p ‐aminobenzhydrazide (PABH‐T), and PBA and poly( m ‐phenylene isophthalamide) (MPD‐I) dissolved in N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) containing 3% LiCl. The block copolymers, whose synthesis and characterization were described in the previous paper in this series, included samples prepared by the two‐step and multistep copolycondensations. The first of these methods yields a considerable amount of the flexible homopolymer (PABH‐T) and also some of the rigid homopolymer. The flexible homopolymer can be removed from the block copolymer by extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), whereas precipitation may offer a way to remove the rigid homopolymer. The results observed for the block copolymers are compared with those for the homopolymers and mixtures of homopolymers. The apparent solubility of the PBA/PABH‐T block copolymers obtained by the two‐step method is unusually large but decreases toward the value observed for mixtures after the flexible homopolymer had been extracted with DMSO. Labile adducts involving PABH‐T and/or the block copolymer appear to be capable of forming a single mesophase. This offers a most interesting approach to the preparation of composite materials involving rigid and flexible polymers.
Low-loss RF transport over long distances (2001)

Electromagnetic RF energy can be transported over a kilometer or more using antennas, but the efficiency is low unless the injecting and receiving antennas are extremely large. Other means of transporting RF energy such as waveguides and coaxial lines are cumbersome, heavy, costly, and suffer large attenuation. This paper offers a different system for long-distance RF transportation. The key is to use nonradiating electromagnetic surface waves that propagate along thin metallic strips. This means of moving RF energy between two points is simple, inexpensive, lightweight, and has low attenuation. For example, the attenuation is less than 2 dB/km for an Al foil 6-cm wide and 0.002-cm thick. Thus, efficient guidance of surface waves over distances of many kilometers requires neither large antennas, waveguides, nor coaxial lines. Moreover, electric interference with the surroundings is minimized due to the large reduction in the radial extension of the electric field, and the conversion of the radiating electromagnetic waves to surface waves and back is efficient (up to 90%).
Is the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relevant to Crohn's disease? (2010)

Reports that bacteria within the Firmicutes phylum, especially the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, are less abundant in Crohn's disease (CD) patients and supernatants from cultures of this bacterium are anti-inflammatory prompted the investigation of the possible correlations between the abundance of F. prausnitzii and the response to treatment in patients with gut diseases and healthy controls. In a randomized, double-blind trial, faeces were collected from healthy volunteers, and from patients with active CD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome before and after treatment. The levels of F. prausnitzii DNA in faecal suspensions were determined by PCR. Treatment by an elemental diet was effective, resulting in decreases in both the Harvey and Bradshaw index (P<0.001) and the concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (P<0.05). The total levels of F. prausnitzii in faecal samples from CD patients at presentation were lower than those in the other groups both before and after the treatment. There was no correlation between F. prausnitzii abundance and the severity of CD before treatment. Clinical improvement unexpectedly correlated with a significant decrease in the abundance of F. prausnitzii, especially the A2-165 subgroup (P<0.05). Our data suggest that a paucity of F. prausnitzii in the gastrointestinal microbial communities is likely to be a minor aetiological factor in CD: recovery following elemental diet is attributed to lower levels of gut flora.
Antigen‐independent selection of stable intracellular single‐chain antibodies (2001)

The intracellular expression of single-chain Fv antibody fragments (scFv) in eukaryotic cells has an enormous potential in functional genomics and therapeutics [Marasco (1997) Gene Ther. 4, 11-15; Richardson and Marasco (1995) Trends Biotechnol. 13, 306-310]. However, the application of these so-called intrabodies is currently limited by their unpredictable behavior under the reducing conditions encountered inside eukaryotic cells, which can affect their stability and solubility properties [Wörn et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2795-2803; Biocca et al. (1995) Bio/Technology 13, 1110-1115]. We present a novel system that enables selection of stable and soluble intrabody frameworks in vivo without the requirement or knowledge of antigens. This system is based on the expression of single-chain antibodies fused to a selectable marker that can control gene expression and cell growth. Our results show that the activity of a selectable marker fused to well characterized scFvs [Wörn et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2795-2803] correlates with the solubility and stability of the scFv moieties. This method provides a unique tool to identify stable and soluble scFv frameworks, which subsequently serve as acceptor backbones to construct intrabody complementarity determining region libraries by randomization of hypervariable loops.
Estrogenic responses in estrogen receptor-α deficient mice reveal a distinct estrogen signaling pathway (1997)

Estrogens are thought to regulate female reproductive functions by altering gene transcription in target organs primarily via the nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha). By using ER-alpha "knock-out" (ERKO) mice, we demonstrate herein that a catecholestrogen, 4-hydroxyestradiol-17beta (4-OH-E2), and an environmental estrogen, chlordecone (kepone), up-regulate the uterine expression of an estrogen-responsive gene, lactoferrin (LF), independent of ER-alpha. A primary estrogen, estradiol-17beta (E2), did not induce this LF response. An estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI-182,780, or E2 failed to inhibit uterine LF gene expression induced by 4-OH-E2 or kepone in ERKO mice, which suggests that this estrogen signaling pathway is independent of both ER-alpha and the recently cloned ER-beta. 4-OH-E2, but not E2, also stimulated increases in uterine water imbibition and macromolecule uptake in ovariectomized ERKO mice. The results strongly imply the presence of a distinct estrogen-signaling pathway in the mouse uterus that mediates the effects of both physiological and environmental estrogens. This estrogen response pathway will have profound implications for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of female sex steroid hormone actions in target organs.
Characterization of lipopolysaccharide from a heptoseless mutant of Escherichia coli by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance. (1983)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Escherichia coli D31m4, a heptoseless mutant, was studied by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Modified isolation and purification procedures are described which permitted high resolution NMR spectra to be obtained from samples of intact LPS. 31P NMR was used to monitor the purity and native heterogeneity of LPS samples. The anomeric carbon region of the 13C NMR spectrum taken at pH 7 contained five resonances that were assigned on the basis of chemical shift correlation, 13C-1H couplings, and T1 relaxation times. Two resonances, at 99.9 and 100.8 ppm, were attributed to two residues of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO) of which both were tentatively assigned to the alpha configuration. The Lipid A moiety gave rise to resonances at 94.0 and 94.9 ppm, both assigned to GlcNI, and a resonance at 103.1 ppm, assigned to GlcNII. The two anomeric carbon resonances observed for GlcNI reflected the variable substitution of C-1 with monophosphate or diphosphate groups. GlcNI and GlcNII were ascertained to be of the alpha and beta anomeric configuration, respectively, through chemical shift comparisons with model saccharides. The accepted KDO linkage site at C-3' of GlcNII appears not to be supported by the 13C chemical shift data.
Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area (2020)

This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area.
3D-SIS: 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation of RGB-D Scans (2019)

We introduce 3D-SIS, a novel neural network architecture for 3D semantic instance segmentation in commodity RGB-D scans. The core idea of our method to jointly learn from both geometric and color signal, thus enabling accurate instance predictions. Rather than operate solely on 2D frames, we observe that most computer vision applications have multi-view RGB-D input available, which we leverage to construct an approach for 3D instance segmentation that effectively fuses together these multi-modal inputs. Our network leverages high-resolution RGB input by associating 2D images with the volumetric grid based on the pose alignment of the 3D reconstruction. For each image, we first extract 2D features for each pixel with a series of 2D convolutions; we then backproject the resulting feature vector to the associated voxel in the 3D grid. This combination of 2D and 3D feature learning allows significantly higher accuracy object detection and instance segmentation than state-of-the-art alternatives. We show results on both synthetic and real-world public benchmarks, achieving an improvement in mAP of over 13 on real-world data.
Identification and quantification of sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes in Atractylodes lancea from various geographical origins using GC-MS analysis (2012)

A convenient and sensitive GC-MS method was developed to identify thirteen sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes (e.g. caryophyllene, γ-elemene, α-caryophyllene, β-selinene, isoledene, germacrene B, elixene, atractylone, hinesol, β-eudesmol, atrctylodin, atractylenolide II and acetylatractylodinol) in Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Asteraceae. Among those compounds, four major components including atractylone, hinesol, β-eudesmol and atrctylodin were quantified with standards; contents of other components were estimated by using calibration curve of hinesol. In this study, we presented that the concentrations of those thirteen components varied drastically in A. lancea samples from different producing areas. Among those components, atractylenolide II and acetylatractylodinol were identified by GC-MS for the first time. A hierarchical clustering analysis based on relative peak areas of those thirteen components in total ion current (TIC) profiles was used to characterize A. lancea samples from different producing areas. Further clustering analysis showed that a simplified method with only four major bioactive components could be used to serve the same aim.
Structure-function analysis of human IL-6. Epitope mapping of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with amino- and carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants. (1990)

To study the active site(s) of IL-6 we combined mutagenesis of IL-6 with epitope mapping of IL-6 specific mAb. In addition to amino-terminal deletion mutants we described previously, carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants were prepared. Functional analysis showed that deletion of only five carboxyl-terminal amino acids already reduced the bioactivity 1000-fold. A panel of mAb to IL-6 was subsequently analyzed by antibody competition experiments and binding to the amino- and carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants. On the basis of the competition experiments the six neutralizing mAb were divided in two groups (I and II). The binding pattern with the deletion mutants suggested that the region recognized by the four mAb in group I is composed of residues of amino- and carboxyl-terminus: binding of two mAb was abolished after deletion of amino acid Ala I-Ile26, of the third mAb after deletion of the four carboxyl-terminal amino acids whereas the fourth mAb did not bind to either mutant. Group II mAb retained binding to these mutants. Taken together these data suggest that in the native IL-6 molecule amino acid residues of amino and carboxyl terminus are in close proximity and that together they constitute an active site. Furthermore our data suggest that the part of the molecule recognized by group II antibodies is a second site involved in biologic activity.
Drug Treatment of Migraine (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Search strategy Method for reaching consensus Objectives Background Diagnosis Clinical aspects Epidemiology Drug treatment of m igraine attacks Migraine prophylaxis Specific situations References
Survey of Personality Factors of Outstanding Nurses (2000)

We make a survey and analysis of the personality factor in 78 outstanding nurses with “cattell the sixteen personality factor testing”.It shows that they have the personality factors of being less sensitive,serene,perceptive and resolute as compared with the average nurses.Besides they display the personality factors of being more daring,exploratory,independence and self-restraint while less dominant,distrust and shrewd than average women.
Overall Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma (2017)

Among patients with advanced melanoma, sustained long-term overall survival at 5 years was observed in a greater percentage of patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone than in those who received ipilimumab alone, with no apparent loss of quality of life in the patients who received regimens containing nivolumab. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and others; CheckMate 067 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01844505.).
Heregulin and HER2 signaling selectively activates c‐Src phosphorylation at tyrosine 215 (2003)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which human epidermal growth factor receptor/heregulin (HER2/HRG) influence the migratory potential of breast cancer cells, we have used phospho-specific antibodies against c-Src kinase and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). This study establishes that HER2/HRG signaling selectively upregulates Tyr phosphorylation of c-Src at Tyr-215 located within the SH2 domain, increases c-Src kinase activity and selectively upregulates Tyr phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-861. HER2-overexpressing tumors showed increased levels of c-Src phosphorylation at Tyr-215. These findings suggest that HER2/HRG influence metastasis of breast cancer cells through a novel signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine 861 via activation of c-Src tyrosine 215.
The modified nucleosides of tRNAs. II. Synthesis of 2′-O-methylcytidylyl (3′-5′) cytidine (1975)

The synthesis of 2'-O-methylcytidylyl (3'-5')cytidine by the triester method using as protecting groups, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl for phosphate hydroxyl group, p-chlorophenyoxyacetyl for 5-hydroxyl group, methoxymethylidene for 2',3'-cis-diol system, and benzoyl for the exo-amino group of cytidine is presented. The obtained product was characterised by UV, electrophoresis, chromatography and an enzymatic digestion.
Murine monoclonal antibodies raised against human non-small cell carcinoma of the lung: specificity and tumor targeting. (1990)

The tumor targeting properties of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated in our laboratory against non-small cell carcinoma of the lung have been investigated in nude mouse xenograft models. The MAbs selected for evaluation, RS5-4H6, RS7-3G11, and R511-51, have pancarcinoma reactivity, as shown by immunoperoxidase staining of the majority of tumors from the lung as well as breast, colon, kidney, and ovary. The localization of the three MAbs which bind to distinct antigens, and exhibit different levels of cross-reactivity with normal human epithelial tissues, are compared. The MAbs are of the IgG1 isotype. Since these MAbs were reactive with Calu-3, a human adenocarcinoma of the lung cell line grown as xenografts in nude mice, this system was selected as our initial tumor target. The MAbs were found to localize preferentially to the heterotransplanted tumors, with from 6.6 to 8.6% of the injected dose per gram accreting in the tumor at 7 days. Tumor/nontumor ratios of up to 9.7 were seen with one MAb at day 14. The targeting of MAb RS11-51 and F(ab')2 fragments of RS11-51 in GW-39, a human colon cancer grown in nude mice, was also studied. Accretion of intact RS11-51 and F(ab')2 fragments into GW-39 was greatly increased compared to Calu-3. In view of the high frequency of antigen expression on a wide variety of tumors, and the ability to target in vivo, these new MAbs may have potential use in the imaging and therapy of cancer.
Microfluidics-Based Assessment of Cell Deformability (2012)

Mechanical properties of cells have been shown to have a significant role in disease, as in many instances cell stiffness changes when a cell is no longer healthy. We present a high-throughput microfluidics-based approach that exploits the connection between travel time of a cell through a narrow passage and cell stiffness. The system resolves both cell travel time and relative cell diameter while retaining information on the cell level. We show that stiffer cells have longer transit times than less stiff ones and that cell size significantly influences travel times. Experiments with untreated HeLa cells and cells made compliant with latrunculin A and cytochalasin B further demonstrate that travel time is influenced by cell stiffness, with the compliant cells having faster transit time.
Hydroxamic Acids in Nature (1967)

The hydroxamic acid bond occurs in products from fungi, yeast, bacteria, and plants. The -CON(OH)-bond arises by oxidation of a free or bound amino group in a unit structure which is often closely related to conventional amino acids. Products are known with one, two, or three hydroxamic acid groups per molecule. The chemistry of the ferrichrome type compounds, which are ferric trihydroxamate-containing peptides, has been worked out in detail and includes a complete crystallographic analysis of the ferrichrome A molecule. The trihydroxamates form potent complexes with ferric ion, called siderochromes, and these are believed to play a role in the metabolism of the metal ion in microorganisms. The actual physiological activity observed ranges from that of growth factor, antibiotic, antibiotic antagonist, tumor inhibitor or cell-division factor. The precise molecular mechanism whereby these substances exert their potent beological activity remains to be elucidated.
PROLONGED CANINE RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER PRETREATMENT WITH SOLUBILIZED ANTIGEN (1969)

Antigen pretreatment has been evaluated as a mechanism for improving allograft survival. Small doses of donor-specific antigen derived from spleen cells proved highly effective in providing consistent prolongation of canine renal allografts. The mean survival time for 11 dogs was 144 days with only six showing evidence of rejection at death. The antigen was solubilized by sonic disruption of trypsinized spleen cells and given i.v. for 2 weeks. It was essential to give small doses of azathioprine and methylprednisolone after transplantation; otherwise, no effect was observed. These doses of immunosuppressive drugs alone did not increase graft survival. Horse anti-dog lymphocyte serum, when substituted for drugs after transplantation, also had a synergistic action with the antigen pretreatment. Antigen therapy, rather than drugs, continued after renal allografting was of no value. When antigen was derived from nonspecific donors, allografts were prolonged in only two of eight dogs studied; there was more evidence of rejection in these two dogs than if specific donor antigen was used. It would appear that these results can be best explained as representing enhancement of allograft survival.
A Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide Derived from Human Eosinophil Cationic Protein (2013)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides which can carry various types of molecules into cells; however, although most CPPs rapidly penetrate cells in vitro, their in vivo tissue-targeting specificities are low. Herein, we describe cell-binding, internalization, and targeting characteristics of a newly identified 10-residue CPP, denoted ECP(32-41), derived from the core heparin-binding motif of human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Besides traditional emphasis on positively charged residues, the presence of cysteine and tryptophan residues was demonstrated to be essential for internalization. ECP(32-41) entered Beas-2B and wild-type CHO-K1 cells, but not CHO cells lacking of cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), indicating that binding of ECP(32-41) to cell-surface GAGs was required for internalization. When cells were cultured with GAGs or pre-treated with GAG-digesting enzymes, significant decreases in ECP(32-41) internalization were observed, suggesting that cell-surface GAGs, especially heparan sulfate proteoglycans were necessary for ECP(32-41) attachment and penetration. Furthermore, treatment with pharmacological agents identified two forms of energy-dependent endocytosis, lipid-raft endocytosis and macropinocytosis, as the major ECP(32-41) internalization routes. ECP(32-41) was demonstrated to transport various cargoes including fluorescent chemical, fluorescent protein, and peptidomimetic drug into cultured Beas-2B cells in vitro, and targeted broncho-epithelial and intestinal villi tissues in vivo. Hence this CPP has the potential to serve as a novel vehicle for intracellular delivery of biomolecules or medicines, especially for the treatment of pulmonary or gastrointestinal diseases.
Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor enhances CD8+ T cells response and decreases regulatory T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

These results offer a preclinical proof for the administration of A2AR inhibitor on prophylactic experimental therapy of HNSCC and suggest that A2AR blockade can be a potential novel strategy for HNSCC immunotherapy.
Intracerebral grafting of neuronal cell suspensions. IV. Behavioural recovery in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions following implantation of nigral cell suspensions in different forebrain sites. (1983)

Single and multiple implants of nigral cell suspensions were grafted to the forebrains of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine denervations. Control lesions alone induced a marked behavioural asymmetry, as assessed by amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced rotation, sensorimotor tests and side bias in an unbaited T-maze, and the animals were hyperactive to a low dose of apomorphine. Single suspension placements into different denervated striatal regions were capable of reversing the behavioural asymmetries dependent upon the specific placement for each test. Multiple suspension grafts were capable of reversing all behavioural asymmetries, and additionally abolished the supersensitive hyperactivity to apomorphine. By contrast, single suspension grafts placed into the substantia nigra or lateral hypothalamus had no detectable effect on any functional measure. The results indicate that nigral suspension grafts can be at least as effective as solid grafts in reversing the functional deficits induced by dopamine denervation, provided that placements are selected within appropriate dopamine terminal regions of the forebrain (e.g. caudate-putamen or nucleus accumbens).