gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: a Promising New Target for Fibrosis Diseases (2012)

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is involved in virtually every aspect of embryonic development and also controls homeostatic self-renewal in a number of adult tissues. Recently, emerging evidence from researches of organ fibrosis suggest that sustained Wnt/beta-catenin pathway reactivation is linked to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders. Here we focus on Wnt/beta-catenin-related pathogenic effects in different organs, such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis and renal fibrosis. Additionally, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling works in a combinatorial manner with TGF-beta signaling in the process of fibrosis, and TGF-beta signaling can induce expression of Wnt/beta-catenin superfamily members and vice versa. Moreover, network analysis, based on pathway databases, revealed that key factors in the Wnt pathway were targeted by some differentially expressed microRNAs detected in fibrosis diseases. These findings demonstrated the crosstalks between Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and TGF-beta signalings, and microRNAs, highlighting the role of Wnts in organ fibrogenesis. Most importantly, nowadays there is a variety of Wnt pathway inhibitors which give us the potential therapeutic feasibility, modulation of the Wnt pathway may, therefore, present as a suitable and promising therapeutic strategy in the future.
Comparison of DNA adduct levels in nasal mucosa, lymphocytes and bronchial mucosa of cigarette smokers and interaction with metabolic gene polymorphisms (2004)

The recent introduction of biomarkers in population studies of lung cancer has improved the traditional epidemiological approach, especially in the detection of high risk groups. Many inhalable carcinogens form DNA adducts, an initial event in lung carcinogenesis, and therefore the identification of easily accessible sources of DNA for population studies is considered a leading priority in the field. In this study we compared the frequency of DNA adducts in samples from nasal brushing, bronchial biopsy and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in a group of 55 subjects, both smokers and non-smokers, undergoing bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. Polymorphisms in the CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were also evaluated. The level of DNA adducts measured by (32)P-labelling assay in nasal mucosa (10(8) relative adduct level, mean +/- SD 1.10 +/- 0.66) was higher than in bronchial mucosa (0.82 +/- 0.36) and in PBL (0.54 +/- 0.39, P < 0.01). DNA adducts measured in nasal mucosa and in PBL were correlated with those in bronchial mucosa (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). DNA adducts in smokers were significantly increased in both nasal mucosa and PBL, with a significant dose-response linear trend (P < 0.05). No significant effect on DNA adduction of the genetic polymorphisms investigated was found. Nasal mucosa brushing proved to be a suitable procedure for the (32)P-labelling assay and its use in population studies should be further explored.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfones by Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Centrosomal abnormalities, multipolar mitoses, and chromosomal instability in head and neck tumours with dysfunctional telomeres (2002)

Carcinomas of the head and neck typically exhibit complex chromosome aberrations but the underlying mutational mechanisms remain obscure. Evaluation of cell division dynamics in low-passage cell lines from three benign and five malignant head and neck tumours revealed a strong positive correlation between multipolarity of the mitotic spindle and the formation of bridges at anaphase in both benign and malignant tumours. Cells exhibiting a high rate of mitotic abnormalities also showed several chromosome termini lacking TTAGGG repeats and a high frequency of dicentric chromosomes. Multicolour karyotyping demonstrated a preferential involvement in structural rearrangements of chromosomes with deficient telomeres. The majority of malignant, mitotically unstable tumours expressed the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase. These data indicate that some of the genomic instability in head and neck tumours is initiated by telomere dysfunction, leading to the formation of dicentric chromosomes. These form chromosome bridges at mitosis that could prevent the normal anaphase-telophase transition. In turn, this may cause an accumulation of centrosomes and mitotic multipolarity. Telomerase expression does not confer total stability to the tumour genome but could be crucial for moderating the rate of chromosomal evolution.
Excessive Mortality in Market-Age Turkeys Associated with Cellulitis (1996)

Between July, 1993, and October, 1994, seven cases were examined that consisted of increased mortality in commercial turkeys due to cellulitis. The condition started at 13-16 wk of age in toms and persisted until the birds were marketed. The mortality rate was 1-2% per week. Lesions began on the ventrum of the tail and consisted of swelling and the formation of vesiclelike structures. Most of the affected birds also had an accumulation of gelatinous fluid in the subcutis of the tail and breast areas. The underlying musculature was often darkened or petechiated. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from two of the cases. Lesions similar to those found in the field were reproduced experimentally in turkeys injected with the subcutaneous fluid obtained from birds in field cases.
Patient-Centered Pharmaceutical Design to Improve Acceptability of Medicines: Similarities and Differences in Paediatric and Geriatric Populations (2014)

Patient acceptability of a medicinal product is a key aspect in the development and prescribing of medicines. Children and older adults differ in many aspects from the other age subsets of population and require particular considerations in medication acceptability. This review highlights the similarities and differences in these two age groups in relation to factors affecting acceptability of medicines. New and conventional formulations of medicines are considered regarding their appropriateness for use in children and older people. Aspects of a formulation that impact acceptability in these patient groups are discussed, including, for example, taste/smell/viscosity of a liquid and size/shape of a tablet. A better understanding of the acceptability of existing formulations highlights opportunities for the development of new and more acceptable medicines and facilitates safe and effective prescribing for the young and older populations.
Analysis of Models for External Stimulation of Axons (1986)

Extracellular electrodes produce electrical fields at the outside of nerve fibers. Discretization of the axon's length coordinate allows simulation of the excitation by a system of differential equations in time, and difference equations in space. For myelinated fibers this segmentation is naturally given by the nodes of Ranvier, whereas unmyelinated axons can be segmented arbitrarily. In both cases the equations are similar and can be treated in parallel. The activity of the axon depends on the second space derivative of the extracellular medium. The activating function is discussed for monopolar electrodes but the principle can be extended to arbitrary configurations of electrodes.
Treatment of Tattoos by Q-Switched Ruby Laser (1990)

Tattoo treatment with Q-switched ruby laser pulses (694 nm, 40 to 80 nanoseconds) was studied by clinical assessment and light and electron microscopy. Fifty-seven blue-black tattoos or portions thereof (35 amateur and 22 professional) were irradiated with 1.5 to 8.0 J/cm2 at a mean interval of 3 weeks. Substantial lightening or total clearing occurred in 18 (78%) of 23 amateur tattoos and 3 (23%) of 13 professional tattoos in which the protocol was completed. Response was related to exposure dose. Scarring occurred in one case, and persistent confettilike hypopigmentation was frequent. Optimal fluence was 4 to 8 J/cm2. Clinicohistologic correlation was poor. Q-switched ruby laser pulses can provide an effective treatment for tattoos.
Identification of c- MYC as a Target of the APC Pathway (1998)

The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated in most colorectal cancers. Mutations of APC cause aberrant accumulation of beta-catenin, which then binds T cell factor-4 (Tcf-4), causing increased transcriptional activation of unknown genes. Here, the c-MYC oncogene is identified as a target gene in this signaling pathway. Expression of c-MYC was shown to be repressed by wild-type APC and activated by beta-catenin, and these effects were mediated through Tcf-4 binding sites in the c-MYC promoter. These results provide a molecular framework for understanding the previously enigmatic overexpression of c-MYC in colorectal cancers.
Heritable Diseases of Collagen (1984)

FOR several decades it has been apparent that many diseases directly or indirectly involve collagen, the tough fibrous material that is the most abundant protein in the body and the major constituent of skin, tendons, ligaments, demineralized bone, and most blood vessels. The first definitive evidence for the involvement of collagen in diseases has come from studies on genetic disorders. It is now possible to group highly diverse genetic diseases around a core of information about the biochemistry and molecular biology of collagen. The consequences of this new information, however, extend beyond the field of rare genetic diseases. It is . . .
Effect of Extracellular AMP on Cell Proliferation and Metabolism of Breast Cancer Cell Lines with High and Low Glycolytic Rates (1997)

In differentiated tissues, such as muscle and brain, increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels stimulate glycolytic flux rates. In the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, which characteristically has a constantly high glycolytic flux rate, AMP induces a strong inhibition of glycolysis. The human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453, on the other hand, is characterized by a more differentiated metabolic phenotype. MDA-MB-453 cells have a lower glycolytic flux rate and higher pyruvate consumption than MCF-7 cells. In addition, they have an active glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. AMP inhibits cell proliferation as well as NAD and NADH synthesis in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. However, in MDA-MB-453 cells glycolysis is slightly activated by AMP. This disparate response of glycolytic flux rate to AMP treatment is presumably caused by the fact that the reduced NAD and NADH levels in AMP-treated MDA-MB-453 cells reduce lactate dehydrogenase but not cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. Due to the different enzymatic complement in MCF-7 cells, proliferation is inhibited under glucose starvation, whereas MDA-MB-453 cells grow under these conditions. The inhibition of cell proliferation correlates with a reduction in glycolytic carbon flow to synthetic processes and a decrease in phosphotyrosine content of several proteins in both cell lines.
Left Ventricular Lead Position and Clinical Outcome in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) Trial (2011)

LV leads positioned in the apical region were associated with an unfavorable outcome, suggesting that this lead location should be avoided in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00180271.
The Mayo block: an efficacious block for hallux and first metatarsal surgery. (1996)

The Mayo block is an extremely efficacious regional anesthetic technique used to provide anesthesia of the forefoot. Patients requiring surgical correction of hallux deformity, bunionectomy, and first metatarsal surgery may benefit from this technique. The Mayo block is a field block that anesthetizes the specific nerves of the forefoot that innervate the surgical field. This technique requires less local anesthesia than that required by direct local anesthetic infiltration and does not distort the surgical tissue planes. The Mayo block is effective. This technique has been used at one military hospital on more than 275 patients. The failure rate of the block is less than 1%. Learning this technique adds to the anesthetist's armamentarium of regional anesthesia, aids in rapid case turnover, and avoids the risks associated with major conduction and general anesthesia.
Positional OSA part 2: retrospective cohort analysis with a new classification system (APOC) (2015)

We are of opinion that APOC is a suitable tool to identify patients who will or will not benefit from PT, thus resulting in more cost-efficient treatment.
<title>Vibration and noise control in civil structures by smart design</title> (1994)

In this paper, the results of a feasibility study for developing an efficient and effective design methodology to make systems 'smart by design' is presented. The primary focus is on computer-aided structural design to implement the inter-coupling of modes of vibration and smart devices built in the original design of structures. The conventional add-on elements are replaced by built-in multi tasks components. First, structures are designed so that a major portion of their vibration energy is localized into their non- critical areas and thereby isolate and quieten critical areas. Next, multi tasks smart components are integrated in the most critical locations of the system in order to monitor and maintain the designed vibration characteristics of the system.
Expression of calsenilin in neurons and astrocytes in the Alzheimer??s disease brain (2005)

Calsenilin, a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, has been identified as an Alzheimer's disease-associated presenilin interactor. Here, we investigated the histochemical localization of calsenilin and its expression levels in the brains of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Both messenger RNA and protein expression of calsenilin were observed in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of control brains, and more intense staining was in Alzheimer's disease brains. Although calsenilin is primarily expressed in neurons, its immunoreactivity was also detected in reactive astrocytes of the Alzheimer's disease brains. In Alzheimer's disease brains, the caspase-derived fragment of calsenilin was only detected in cytosolic fraction. Our findings suggest that calsenilin overexpression in both neurons and reactive astrocytes may play an important role in apoptosis and in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
A Computational Study of AlF3 and ACF Surfaces (2018)

By applying first principles density functional theory (DFT) methods, different metal fluorides and their surfaces have been characterized. One of the most investigated metal fluorides is AlF3 in different polymorphs. Its chloride-doped analogon AlClxF3−x (ACF) has recently attracted much attention due to its application in catalysis. After presenting a summary of different first-principle studies on the bulk and surface properties of different main group fluorides, we will revisit the problem of the stability of different α -AlF3 surfaces and extend the investigation to chloride-doped counterparts to simulate the surface properties of amorphous ACF. For each material, we have considered ten different surface cuts with their respective terminations. We found that terminations of ( 01 1 ¯ 0 ) and ( 11 2 ¯ 0 ) yield the most stable surfaces for α -AlF3 and for the chlorine substituted surfaces. A potential equilibrium shape of the crystal for both α -AlF3 and ACF is visualized by a Wulff construction.
Leveraging Deep Reinforcement Learning for Reaching Robotic Tasks (2017)

This work leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to make robotic control immune to changes in the robot manipulator or the environment and to perform reaching, collision avoidance and grasping without explicit, prior and fine knowledge of the human arm structure and kinematics, without careful hand-eye calibration, solely based on visual/retinal input, and in ways that are robust to environmental changes. We learn a manipulation policy which we show takes the first steps toward generalizing to changes in the environment and can scale and adapt to new manipulators. Experiments are aimed at a) comparing different DCNN network architectures b) assessing the reward prediction for two radically different manipulators and c) performing a sensitivity analysis comparing a classical visual servoing formulation of the reaching task with the proposed DRL method.
Fault-Tolerant Indirect Adaptive Neurocontrol for a Static Synchronous Series Compensator in a Power Network With Missing Sensor Measurements (2008)

Identification and control of nonlinear systems depend on the availability and quality of sensor measurements. Measurements can be corrupted or interrupted due to sensor failure, broken or bad connections, bad communication, or malfunction of some hardware or software (referred to as missing sensor measurements in this paper). This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant indirect adaptive neurocontroller (FTIANC) for controlling a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), which is connected to a power network. The FTIANC consists of a sensor evaluation and (missing sensor) restoration scheme (SERS), a radial basis function neuroidentifier (RBFNI), and a radial basis function neurocontroller (RBFNC). The SERS provides a set of fault-tolerant measurements to the RBFNI and RBFNC. The resulting FTIANC is able to provide fault-tolerant effective control to the SSSC when some crucial time-varying sensor measurements are not available. Simulation studies are carried out on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) as well as on the IEEE 10-machine 39-bus power system, for the SSSC equipped with conventional PI controllers (CONVC) and the FTIANC without any missing sensors, as well as for the FTIANC with multiple missing sensors. Results show that the transient performances of the proposed FTIANC with and without missing sensors are both superior to the CONVC used by the SSSC (without any missing sensors) over a wide range of system operating conditions. The proposed fault-tolerant control is readily applicable to other plant models in power systems.
Production and isolation of chitosan from Mucor rouxii (1979)

A method for the lab-scale production and isolation of chitosan (polyglucosamine) from hyphal walls of Mucor rouxii was developed. Hyphal wall yields were generally 16 to 22% on a dry cell weight basis, of which 35 to 40% was glucosamine. Chitosan was readily extracted from purified, mycelial walls with acetic, formic, and hydrochloric acids; the last named was the most efficient. The yield of chitosan isolated ranged from 4 to 8% of the dry weight of the cell wall material.
Spondyloarthropathies (1998)

Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
Optical proximity correction for intermediate-pitch features using sub-resolution scattering bars (1997)

Using our original scattering bar implementation as a starting point, we identify two major discontinuities in the CD versus pitch curve. The first discontinuity occurs at the pitch where two standard scattering bars will no longer fit between features at the proper optical distance and must be replaced by a single shared bar. The second discontinuity occurs at the pitch where a single shared bar no longer fits between features at the proper optical distance, and must be deleted. We propose several techniques that can be used in the pitch range around these discontinuities that allow us to decompose them into a finer series of smaller discontinuities, in effect smoothing out the curve. We introduce the concepts of “placement elasticity” and “optical weight modulation,” and two new classes of scattering bars: thin scattering bars and binary halftone scattering bars. We combine all of these elements in a hybrid optical proximity correction strategy, recommending actual dimensions for i-line, KrF (248 nm) and ArF (193 nm) reticles. We report both simulated and actual results for an i-line embodiment of this approach, demonstrating a greater than 50% improvement in overlapped depth-of-focus for both on-axis and off-axis illumination.
Familial Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Congenital Infection-Like Syndrome (2000)

We present two siblings with congenital and progressive encephalopathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The two brothers presented soon after birth with an encephalopathy associated with intracranial calcification (=2), intrauterine growth retardation (= 2), hepatitis (= 1) and thrombocytopenia (= 1), mimicking a congenital virus infection. Within the first year of life both children developed hypocomplementaemia and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the main features of which were a discoid lupus-like rash on the hands and feet and the progressive production of high levels of autoantibodies. Both children were severely handicapped and died in early childhood from streptococcal infections. There are many causes of congenital encephalopathy with intracranial calcification. The early development of systemic lupus in these children suggested that their cerebral disease formed part of an autoimmune process. Complement levels and autoantibody profiles should be considered part of the investigation of a child with congenital infection-like syndrome, particularly when there are progressive dermatological complications.
Preparation of Benzalkonium Salts Differing in the Length of a Side Alkyl Chain (2007)

Benzalkonium salts are widely used as disinfectants, biocides and detergents,among a variety of other applications. The cationic surface-activity of these salts determines their potential to act as a biocide on both target and non-target organisms. In this study, a quick synthesis of a complete set of the benzalkonium salts differing in the length of an alkylating chain (from C(2) to C(20)) is described. Moreover, their (1)H-NMR, HPLC-MS, TLC and HPLC analysis were recorded.
Functional Properties of Oat Globulin Modified by a Calcium-Independent Microbial Transglutaminase (2002)

Oat globulin was modified by a calcium-independent microbial transglutaminase (TG). The TG-polymerized protein had higher solubility than the control at acidic pH and had improved water- and fat-binding properties. Incubation of 10% (w/v) oat globulin dispersions in the presence of TG at 37 degrees C led to the formation of a well-developed viscoelastic gel network with a microstructure characterized by thick strands and large clusters. The TG-induced gels had higher modulus values, lower loss tangent values, and lower frequency dependency than the heat-induced gels. The TG-induced gel system has the characteristics of classical polymer gel with permanent "chemical" cross-links, whereas the heat-denatured system has the characteristics of a temporary "physical" gel with breakable cross-links. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed marked shift and intensity changes in several major bands, suggesting pronounced changes in protein conformation during TG-induced gelation. Aggregation of protein molecules was also indicated by the progressive increases in two infrared bands (1679-1682 and 1622-1625 cm(-)(1)) associated with the formation of intermolecular beta-sheets and strands. Results suggest that new food polymers with unique functionality can be produced from oat globulin treated with TG and that elastic gels can be formed near neutral pH, instead of the alkaline pH required for thermally induced oat globulin gels.