gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using GPS to determine vehicle attitude - USS Yorktown test results (1989)

In mid-July 1988, GPS-based orientation determination equipment was tested on the USS YORKTOWN, a U.S. Navy guided missile cruiser. Four days of testing were conducted in port and two days of dynamic testing were completed while under way. The objective of the tests was to provide a data base of real-world measurements from which orientation algorithms could be evaluated. 

Data collection was very successful. Despite a less-than­ optimum location for the antenna array, enough data was collected during the satellite visibility periods to provide almost continuous one-Hertz orientation solutions. The standard deviation of the GPS-based orientation solutions was typically less than 2 degrees in azimuth, 5 1/2 degrees in pitch and 7 degrees in roll. There was no difference in RMS performance between static test data and dynamic test data. When scaled from the 60 em baseline used for the principal direction to a 25 meter baseline more typical of previous research, the 2 degree azimuth RMS would drop to 0.1 degree. The absolute accuracy of the GPS solutions could not be evaluated to better than a few degrees because of the lack of an accurate connection to the ship's orientation data. The real-time integer maintenance algorithm worked very well. 

The USS YORKTOWN tests successfully confirmed GPS-­based real-time orientation determination, provided real-world data to exercise enhanced orientation algorithms, and identified equipment improvements that will make GPS a viable source of vehicle attitude in addition to GPS's superior positioning capabilities.
Agents for collecting application usage data over the Internet (1998)

Empirical evaluation of software systems in actual use is critical in software engineering. Prototyping, beta testing, and usability testing are widely employed to refine system requirements, to detect anomalous or unexpected system and user behavior, and to evaluate software usefulness and usability. The World Wide Web enables cheap, rapid, and large-scale distribution of software for evaluation purposes. However, current techniques for collecting usage data have not kept pace with the opportunities presented by Web-based deployment. This paper describes how software agents can be used to collect information regarding application usage, on a potentially large and ongoing basis, over the Internet. 1.1 Keywords Internet-scale user interface monitoring, remote usability testing, expectation agents, expectation-driven event monitoring 2.
Immune response in skunks to a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. (1987)

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. Virus neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus were present at 14 days postvaccination by the following routes: scarification (6/6), intramuscular (4/4) and intestinal (5/8). Six out of seven skunks that ate vaccine filled baits had virus neutralizing antibodies at 28 days. When challenged intramuscularly with street virus, the survival rates were 5/7 for the bait-fed group, 4/8 for the intestinal group, 3/4 for the intramuscular group, 5/6 for the animals that were scarified, and 0/8 for controls. This is the first report of a high rate of immunization of skunks with a rabies vaccine administered orally.
Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. (1992)

Centrin, a 20-kD phosphoprotein with four calcium-binding EF-hands, is present in the centrosome/basal body apparatus of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in three distinct locations: the nucleus-basal body connectors, the distal striated fibers, and the flagellar transition regions. In each location, centrin is found in fibrous structures that display calcium-mediated contraction. The mutant vfl2 has structural defects at all of these locations and is defective for basal body localization and/or segregation. We show that the vfl2 mutation is a G-to-A transition in the centrin structural gene which converts a glutamic acid to a lysine at position 101, the first amino acid of the E-helix of the protein's third EF-hand. This proves that centrin is required to construct the nucleus-basal body connectors, the distal striated fibers, and the flagellar transition regions, and it demonstrates the importance of amino acid 101 to normal centrin function. Based on immunofluorescence analysis using anti-centrin antibodies, it appears that vfl2 centrin is capable of binding to the basal body but is incapable of polymerizing into filamentous structures. 19 phenotypic revertants of vfl2 were isolated, and 10 of them, each of which had undergone further mutation at codon 101, were examined in detail. At the DNA level, 1 of the 10 was wild type, and the other 9 were pseudorevertants encoding centrins with the amino acids asparagine, threonine, methionine, or isoleucine at position 101. No ultrastructure defects were apparent in the revertants with asparagine or threonine at position 101, but in those with methionine or isoleucine at position 101, the distal striated fibers were found to be incomplete, indicating that different amino acid substitutions at position 101 can differentially affect the assembly of the three distinct centrin-containing fibrous structures associated with the Chlamydomonas centrosome.
Monitoring and control using the Internet and Java (2003)

Manufacturers have long wished for a tool that would permit remote monitoring and control of manufacturing operations. The combination of the Java programming language with the worldwide reach of the Internet now promises a solution to this problem. Java's scalability, portability, and platform independence allow remote monitoring and control applications ("applets") to run on any web browser. Java applets eliminate the need to build custom hardware/software when implementing remote monitoring and control systems. Any browser can be configured to display graphical representations of the plant or process and to annotate the image with real time data; thus, any Internet-enabled computer is a potential control station (assuming security concerns are satisfied). This gives rise to the concept of "virtual engineers" or "remote engineers" who, armed with real-time plant information, can optimize machine setting or process control parameters, and troubleshoot problems before they escalate.
A framework and analysis for cooperative search using UAV swarms (2004)

We design and analyze the performance of cooperative search strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) searching for moving, possibly evading, targets in a hazardous environment. Rather than engaging in independent sensing missions, the sensing agents (UAVs with sensors) "work together" by arranging themselves into a flight configuration that optimizes their integrated sensing capability. If a UAV is shot down by enemy fire, the team adapts by reconfiguring its topology to optimally continue the mission with the surviving assets. We presetn a cooperative search methodology that integrates the multiple agents into an advantageous formation that distinctively enhances the sensing and detection operations of the system while minimizing the transmission of excessive control information for adaptation of the team's topology. After analyzing our strategy to determine the performance tradeoff between search time and number of UAVs employed, we present an algorithm that selects the minimum number of UAVs to deploy in order to meet a targeted search time within probabilistic guarantees.
Project helps build sexual responsibility. (1993)

Program activities are described for the Youth Counseling Services and Family Planning Education Project, established in 1990 by the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia. The project operates out of two locations and has five staff and a doctor who visits two times a week. Thus far 5300 adolescents have received contraception and about 500 youth have received medical consultations. Services include counseling, films about adolescent sexuality and contraceptive methods, booklets on family life education and contraception, and a drama group that does community outreach. Services aim to treat and prevent sexually transmitted diseases an AIDS, to improve reproductive health, and to provide family planning services. Services are a joint effort of staff, community, school teachers, and youth that aims to break down cultural barriers that prevent use of services. Material for films and theater comes from locally written or prepared materials. For example a teenager wrote the play "Yetwatwa Chorka" about adolescent pregnancy. Another radio dramatization has a plot relating to the conflict between traditional and modern values. The drama troupe also does radio dialogues about contraception and family issues and makes advertisements about condoms and HIV transmission. The producer director of media outreach is reported to be well known for his role in the productions. The centers are considered popular and more outreach is planned for out of school youth.
IL-33 mediates antigen-induced cutaneous and articular hypernociception in mice (2008)

IL-33, a new member of the IL-1 family, signals through its receptor ST2 and induces T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine synthesis and mediates inflammatory response. We have investigated the role of IL-33 in antigen-induced hypernociception. Recombinant IL-33 induced cutaneous and articular mechanical hypernociception in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The hypernociception was inhibited by soluble (s) ST2 (a decoy receptor of IL-33), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), bosentan [a dual endothelin (ET)(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist], clazosentan (an ET(A) receptor antagonist), or indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor). IL-33 induced hypernociception in IL-18(-/-) mice but not in TNFR1(-/-) or IFNgamma(-/-) mice. The IL-33-induced hypernociception was not affected by blocking IL-15 or sympathetic amines (guanethidine). Furthermore, methylated BSA (mBSA)-induced cutaneous and articular mechanical hypernociception depended on TNFR1 and IFNgamma and was blocked by sST2, IL-1ra, bosentan, clazosentan, and indomethacin. mBSA also induced significant IL-33 and ST2 mRNA expression. Importantly, we showed that mBSA induced hypernociception via the IL-33 --> TNFalpha --> IL-1beta --> IFNgamma --> ET-1 --> PGE(2) signaling cascade. These results therefore demonstrate that IL-33 is a key mediator of immune inflammatory hypernociception normally associated with a Th1 type of response, revealing a hitherto unrecognized function of IL-33 in a key immune pharmacological pathway that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
High-frequency intracellular transposition of a defective mammalian provirus detected by an in situ colorimetric assay (1992)

We devised an indicator gene for retrotransposition, nlsLacZRT, which contains the Escherichia coli lacZ gene fused to a nuclear location signal (nlsLacZ), engineered in such a way that the gene is expressed only if the structure in which it has been inserted transposes itself through an RNA intermediate. A cloned murine leukemia retrovirus with an ecotropic host range (Moloney murine leukemia virus), rendered defective by a large deletion encompassing the three viral gag, pol, and env open reading frames, was marked with this indicator gene and introduced by transfection into heterologous feline cells. No beta-galactosidase activity could be detected among the clonal cell population, unless the defective provirus was complemented in trans by the gag-pol gene products. Under these conditions, cell variants which disclosed an easily detectable nuclear blue coloration upon in situ 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining were observed. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the beta-galactosidase-positive cells, followed by Southern blot analysis, demonstrated an unambiguous correlation between nlsLacZRT activation and retrotransposition of the marked provirus. Transposition occurs at a high frequency (up to 10(-4) events per cell per generation), which is dependent on the level of expression of the gag-pol gene and is concomitant with the release of noninfectious retroviruslike particles which are the hallmarks, but not the intermediates, of the intracellular transposition process.
A Computer-Assisted Device for the Intraoperative CT-Correlated Localization of Brain Tumors (1988)

In a series of 72 open brain tumor operations the 32P (radiophosphorus) test proved to be valuable for the removal of visually not detectable tumor residues. As during resection a topographical orientation in the depth of tumor cavities was nearly impossible, a computerized measuring device was developed which enables the surgeon to locate the tumor boundaries by simultaneous comparison with preoperative CT scans. For 32P-beta emission measurements a miniature semiconductor probe can be attached to the tip of the four-axis digitizing arm allowing the evaluation of radicality by topographic distinction between tumor ramifications and normal brain tissue. The device was tested during 3 craniotomies and the perspectives of computerized stereotaxy are discussed.
Arrays of hollow out-of-plane microneedles for drug delivery (2005)

Drug delivery based on MEMS technology requires an invasive interface such as microneedles, which connects the microsystem with the biological environment. Two-dimensional arrays of rigid hollow microneedles have been fabricated from single-crystal silicon using a combination of deep reactive ion etching and isotropic etching techniques. The fabricated needles are typically 200 /spl mu/m long with a wide base and a channel diameter of 40 /spl mu/m. The fabrication process allows creating either blunt needles or needles with sharp tips. Their shape and size make these needles extremely suitable for minimally invasive painless epidermal drug delivery. MEMS technology allows for batch fabrication and integration with complex microsystems. Fluid has been successfully injected 100 /spl mu/m deep into sample tissue through arrays of microneedles. Needle breakage did not occur during this procedure. Experiments have shown that the modified Bernoulli equation is a good model for liquid flowing through the narrow microneedle lumen.
Kinetic Analysis of Autotaxin Reveals Substrate-specific Catalytic Pathways and a Mechanism for Lysophosphatidic Acid Distribution (2011)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), initiating signaling cascades leading to cancer metastasis, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Knowledge of the pathway and kinetics of LPA synthesis by ATX is critical for developing quantitative physiological models of LPA signaling. We measured the individual rate constants and pathway of the LPA synthase cycle of ATX using the fluorescent lipid substrates FS-3 and 12-(N-methyl-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl))-LPC. FS-3 binds rapidly (k(1) ≥500 μm(-1) s(-1)) and is hydrolyzed slowly (k(2) = 0.024 s(-1)). Release of the first hydrolysis product is random and rapid (≥1 s(-1)), whereas release of the second is slow and rate-limiting (0.005-0.007 s(-1)). Substrate binding and hydrolysis are slow and rate-limiting with LPC. Product release is sequential with choline preceding LPA. The catalytic pathway and kinetics depend strongly on the substrate, suggesting that ATX kinetics could vary for the various in vivo substrates. Slow catalysis with LPC reveals the potential for LPA signaling to spread to cells distal to the site of LPC substrate binding by ATX. An ATX mutant in which catalytic threonine at position 210 is replaced with alanine binds substrate weakly, favoring a role for Thr-210 in binding as well as catalysis. FTY720P, the bioactive form of a drug currently used to treat multiple sclerosis, inhibits ATX in an uncompetitive manner and slows the hydrolysis reaction, suggesting that ATX inhibition plays a significant role in lymphocyte immobilization in FTY720P-based therapeutics.
Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist for Endometriosis-Associated Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study (2013)

Elagolix effectively reduced endometriosis-associated pelvic pain over a 24-week period and was well-tolerated.
Single virus particle mass detection using microresonators with nanoscale thickness (2004)

In this letter, we present the microfabrication and application of arrays of silicon cantilever beams as microresonator sensors with nanoscale thickness to detect the mass of individual virus particles. The dimensions of the fabricated cantilever beams were in the range of 4–5 μm in length, 1–2 μm in width and 20–30 nm in thickness. The virus particles we used in the study were vaccinia virus, which is a member of the Poxviridae family and forms the basis of the smallpox vaccine. The frequency spectra of the cantilever beams, due to thermal and ambient noise, were measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer under ambient conditions. The change in resonant frequency as a function of the virus particle mass binding on the cantilever beam surface forms the basis of the detection scheme. We have demonstrated the detection of a single vaccinia virus particle with an average mass of 9.5 fg. These devices can be very useful as components of biosensors for the detection of airborne virus particles.
Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis (1998)

In multiple sclerosis, partial remyelination is conspicuous in many lesions, but widespread and lasting myelin repair ultimately fails as disability and handicap accumulate. Thus far, the precise identity of the cell responsible for limited spontaneous myelin repair has remained obscure. In the rodent, the proliferative oligodendrocyte progenitor is the most efficient remyelinating cell; this has now been identified in cultures prepared from normal human brain, but has proved difficult to demonstrate in situ. We adapted techniques using antibodies against the human platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor to identify oligodendrocyte progenitors in human tissue sections. Small numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitors were found in normal adult human white matter. Progenitors were also demonstrable in acute and chronic lesions from patients dying with multiple sclerosis, but with no evidence of any marked reactive increase in cell numbers. Understanding the biology of the remyelinating cell, and in particular the reason for its apparent failure to repopulate demyelinated lesions, is important for the development of remyelination treatments.
Direct cover glass bonding to GaAs and GaAs/Ge solar cells (2002)

Electrostatic bonding is being developed as a technique for attaching cover glasses directly to GaAs and GaAs/Ge solar cells. This process eliminates the elastometric adhesive used in conventional cell assemblies, thereby increasing the thermal stability and radiation tolerance of the assemblies. Cover glasses have been electrostatically bonded to GaAs solar cells with minimal (2%) degradation in conversion efficiency. Bonded cells have survived thermal cycling between -180 degrees C and +150 degrees C without degradation. Glass has also been bonded to AR-coated GaAs/Ge wafers. The wafers were then selectively etched to remove the Ge substrate, leaving only the epitaxial GaAs film attached to the glass. This approach may lead to very lightweight high-efficiency thin-film solar cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of RogB-Controlled Virulence Mechanisms and Gene Expression in Streptococcus agalactiae (2003)

Streptococcus agalactiae is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates and also the causative agent of different serious infections in immunocompromised adults. The wide range of diseases that are caused by S. agalactiae suggests regulatory mechanisms that control the formation of specific virulence factors in these bacteria. The present study describes a gene from S. agalactiae, designated rogB, encoding a protein with significant similarity to members of the RofA-like protein (RALP) family of transcriptional regulators. Disruption of the rogB gene in the genome of S. agalactiae resulted in mutant strain RGB1, which was impaired in its ability to bind to fibrinogen and fibronectin. Mutant RGB1 also exhibited a reduced adherence to human epithelial cells but did not show an altered invasion of eukaryotic cells. By real-time PCR analysis, mutant RGB1 revealed an increased expression of the cpsA gene, encoding a regulator of capsule gene expression. However, strain RGB1 exhibited a reduced expression of the rogB gene and of two adjacent genes, encoding putative virulence factors in S. agalactiae. Furthermore, mutant RGB1 was impaired in the expression of the fbsA gene, coding for a fibrinogen receptor from S. agalactiae. The altered gene expression in mutant RGB1 could be restored by plasmid-mediated expression of rogB, confirming a RogB deficiency as the cause for the observed changes in virulence gene expression in S. agalactiae. Reporter gene studies with a promotorless luciferase gene fused to fbsA allowed a growth-dependent analysis of fbsA expression in S. agalactiae. These reporter gene studies also suggest that RogB exerts a positive effect on fbsA expression in S. agalactiae.
Analysis of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene in human ependymomas and astrocytomas. (1994)

Ependymomas and astrocytomas commonly have allelic losses of chromosome 22q, which suggests the presence of a glioma tumor suppressor gene on 22q. A candidate tumor suppressor gene on 22q is the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene since NF2 patients have an increased susceptibility to ependymomas and astrocytomas. Using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing, we screened 8 ependymomas and 30 fibrillary astrocytomas from non-NF2 patients for mutations in the coding sequence and portions of the 3' untranslated region of the NF2 gene. Only one mutation was detected, a single base deletion in NF2 exon 7 from a spinal ependymoma, which had also lost the wild-type allele. These results suggest that the NF2 gene may be important in the formation of some ependymomas but the NF2 gene is probably not the critical chromosome 22q tumor suppressor gene involved in astrocytoma tumorigenesis.
<title>High-brightness laser projection display</title> (1997)

Authors are discussing recent achievements in new generation of e-beam pumped semiconductor lasers (EBSLs, called quantoscopes in Russian) for large area high brightness projection systems. Very high output parameters ( luminous efficiency-1.7- 1.8 Lm/W, resolution- up till 2000 TV-lines, contrast- 100:1, luminous flux-5000 Lm for green and yellow , 3000 Lm for red and 800 for blue colors) have been obtained. 5-6 gray scales can be provided. Light emission power in continuous operation mode up till 5 W for blue (470-480 nm ), 10 W for green and yellow (525-535 nm, 575-585 nm), and 15 W for red (630-700 nm) spectral regions were achieved in experimental projection system. It is shown that combined RGY-flux as high as 13000 Lm at efficiency of 6 Lm/W can be obtained.