gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAPR Reduction using Frequency Domain Multiplexed Pilot Sequences (2007)

We investigate the feasibility of applying the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method using pilot sequences, originally proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, for single-carrier (SC) signals with frequency domain multiplexed (FDM) pilots. The idea is to select the FDM pilot sequence with which the transmitted signal produces the lowest PAPR. We also investigate the applicability of the sum of square error (SSE) selection rule for high order modulation of SC signals. The SSE rule selects the pilot sequence which produces the minimum SSE between the transmitted signal and a pre-defined threshold, proportional to the saturation level of a high power amplifier (HPA). It is found that for both SC and OFDM systems, the PAPR reduction capabilities of orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard (W-H) sequences and cyclic shifted Chu (CS-Chu) sequences are similar for small block size, but not for large block size. Using CS-Chu sequences produces better PAPR reduction capability. With an appropriate choice of the value of input backoff power of a HPA, the SSE selection rule produces similar results as that of the minimum PAPR selection rule. The effects of out-of-band radiation for SC and OFDM signals with PAPR reduction using FDM pilot sequences after HPA depends on the amount of non-linearity portion of the HPA. The out-of-band radiation improvement is obvious for a HPA that approximates a linear clipper.
Maintenance of a Laboratory Colony of <I>Cimex lectularius</I> (Hemiptera: C<I>imicidae</I>) Using an Artificial Feeding Technique (2002)

The in vitro maintenance technique described in this article has been used successfully to rear Cimex lectularius (L.) by feeding for >2 yr all nymphal stages and adults through parafilm "M" sealing film on different types of blood. Using this feeding technique, the subsequent egg production of female bedbugs was remarkably high. The blood was maintained at 37 degrees C to enhance the attachment of the bugs. The effect of anticoagulation methods for the blood meal was investigated, and heparinized blood was found the most suitable for feeding bugs. All stages of the bugs fed weekly on blood in the artificial feeding system remained attached for up to 0.5-1.0 h, until completion of their blood meals, and all reached engorged weights. More than 90% of the bugs fed artificially on whole blood, and they molted or laid eggs successfully.
Atomic electric fields revealed by a quantum mechanical approach to electron picodiffraction (2014)

By focusing electrons on probes with a diameter of 50 pm, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is currently crossing the border to probing subatomic details. A major challenge is the measurement of atomic electric fields using differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, traditionally exploiting the concept of a field-induced shift of diffraction patterns. Here we present a simplified quantum theoretical interpretation of DPC. This enables us to calculate the momentum transferred to the STEM probe from diffracted intensities recorded on a pixel array instead of conventional segmented bright-field detectors. The methodical development yielding atomic electric field, charge and electron density is performed using simulations for binary GaN as an ideal model system. We then present a detailed experimental study of SrTiO3 yielding atomic electric fields, validated by comprehensive simulations. With this interpretation and upgraded instrumentation, STEM is capable of quantifying atomic electric fields and high-contrast imaging of light atoms.
Disturbed Ca2+signaling and apoptosis of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by polyglutamine expansion (exp) in huntingtin. Here, we used a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic mouse model of HD to investigate the connection between disturbed calcium (Ca2+) signaling and apoptosis of HD medium spiny neurons (MSN). Repetitive application of glutamate elevates cytosolic Ca2+ levels in MSN from the YAC128 mouse but not in MSN from the wild-type or control YAC18 mouse. Application of glutamate results in apoptosis of YAC128 MSN but not wild-type or YAC18 MSN. Analysis of glutamate-induced apoptosis of the YAC128 MSN revealed that (i) actions of glutamate are mediated by mGluR1/5 and NR2B glutamate receptors; (ii) membrane-permeable inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor blockers 2-APB and Enoxaparin (Lovenox) are neuroprotective; (iii) apoptosis involves the intrinsic pathway mediated by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspases 9 and 3; (iv) apoptosis requires mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and can be prevented by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter blocker Ruthenium 360; and (v) apoptosis involves opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and can be prevented by MPTP blockers such as bongkrekic acid, Nortriptyline, Desipramine, Trifluoperazine, and Maprotiline. These findings describe a pathway directly linking disturbed Ca2+ signaling and degeneration of MSN in the caudate nucleus in HD. These findings also suggest that Ca2+ and MPTP blockers may have a therapeutic potential for treatment of HD.
An Alternative to Arch-Bar Maxillomandibular Fixation (1997)

This report details a pilot study of the maxillomandibular fixation screw. A longer study with a greater number of patients will allow for better evaluation of this technique.
A Phase I Clinical Trial of the Sequential Combination of Irinotecan Followed by Flavopiridol (2005)

The recommended phase II dose with irinotecan 100 mg/m(2) is flavopiridol 60 mg/m(2) and with irinotecan 125 mg/m(2) is flavopiridol 50 mg/m(2). Toxicity can be predicted by baseline bilirubin. Clinical activity is encouraging and may correlate to changes in p21 and Drg1 levels in patients with wild type p53 tumors following therapy.
Enhanced friction of elastomer microfiber adhesives with spatulate tips (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that gecko foot-hair inspired elastomer microfibers with spatulate tips have significant adhesion enhancement compared to the flat elastomer surface. In this study, we report the friction enhancement of these highly adhesive fibers and analyze the relation between adhesion and friction of elastomer microfiber arrays with spatulate tips. Fabricated polyurethane fiber arrays with spatulate tips demonstrate macroscale static friction pressures up to 41N∕cm2 for a preload pressure of 1.5N∕cm2 on a 6mm diameter smooth glass hemisphere.
Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D nanoelectroporation for non-viral cell transfection in adoptive immunotherapy (2015)

Current transfection technologies lead to significant inter-clonal variations. Previously we introduced a unique electrotransfection technology, Nanochannel-Electroporation (NEP), which can precisely and benignly transfect small cell populations (~100-200 cells) with single-cell resolution. Here we report on the development of a novel 3D NEP system for large scale transfection. A properly-engineered array of nanochannels, capable of handling/transfecting ~60 000 cells cm(-2), was fabricated using cleanroom technologies. Positive dielectrophoresis was used to selectively position cells on the nanochannels, thus allowing highly efficient transfection. Single-cell dosage control was demonstrated using both small and large molecules, and different cell types. The potential clinical relevance of this system was tested with difficult-to-transfect natural killer cell suspensions, and plasmids encoding for the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), a model of high relevance for adoptive immunotherapy. Our results show significantly higher CAR transfection efficiencies for the DEP-NEP system (>70% vs. <30%), as well as enhanced cell viabilities.
Systematic approach to two-dimensional blind deconvolution by zero-sheet separation (1993)

Inspired by the work of Lane and Bates on automatic multidimensional deconvolution [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A4, 180 ( 1987)], we have developed a systematic approach and an operational code for performing the deconvolution of multiply-convolved two-dimensional complex data sets in the absence of noise. We explain, in some detail, the major algorithmic steps, where noise or numerical errors can cause problems, our approach in dealing with numerical rounding errors, and where special noise-mitigating techniques can be used toward making blind de-convolution practical. Several examples of deconvolved imagery are presented, and future research directions are noted.
Review of the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic pathogens (2000)

Published reports on the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin mesylate (SB 265805), a new fluoronaphthyridone, against anaerobic pathogens are reviewed here. The studies used a variety of media, inocula and antimicrobial agents. Using a proposed breakpoint of 0.5 mg/L, these studies showed that gemifloxacin had generally higher potency against Gram-positive anaerobes (Clostridium perfringens, all Peptostreptococcus spp.) and fusobacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium necrophorum) and moderate but variable potency against Gram-negative anaerobes. Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides tectum and many Bacteroides fragilis isolates were inhibited by concentrations of < or =0.5 mg/L, while the other species of the B. fragilis group required higher concentrations for inhibition. Species variability was evident: Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas canoris, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas macaccae, Prevotella heparinolytica and Prevotella intermedia were susceptible to 0.5 mg/L of gemifloxacin while most other Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. were not. These data suggest that gemifloxacin may have a clinical role in the treatment of certain dental, head and neck and pleuropulmonary infections in which Gram-positive anaerobes, fusobacteria and some Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. may predominate.
THE PREPARATION OF 131I-LABELLED HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE OF HIGH SPECIFIC RADIOACTIVITY (1963)

A simple and rapid method is presented for the preparation of I/sup 131/- labeled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity (240-300 mu C/ mu g). Low amounts of carrierfree I/sup 131/ iodide (2 mC) are allowed to react, without prior treatment, with small quantities of protein (5 mu g) in a highyield reaction (approx. 70% transfer of I/sup 131/ to protein). The degree of chemical substitution is minimized (0.5- 1.0 atom of iodine/molecule of protein) by the use of carrier-free I/sup 131/ iodide. The I/sup 131/-labeled hormone (up to 300 mu C/ mu g) contains no detectable degradation products and is immunologically identical with the unlabeled hormone. The loss of immunological reactivity at high specific radioactivities or at high levels of chemical substitution with STAI/sup 127/!iodine is demonstrated. (auth)
Specifications of a small electric vehicle: modular and distributed approach (2002)

We describe a small electric vehicle equipped with automation that allows autonomous motion. A fleet of such vehicles could be one element of a novel urban transportation system for door-to-door displacement in closed areas (city centers but also tourist resorts, campuses, ...) if they are used in self-service and car-sharing mode. The specifications in the matter of performances or energy storage agree with this application within this kind of evolution space (several short trips at low speed). A stylish look and an original electro-mechanical structure with four steering and driving wheels were adopted. As the vehicle is open to different users not having necessarily a driving-license, the vehicle must be friendly, easy to handle and secure not only for the driver but also for the pedestrians walking in the same area (computer aided driving). The driver must be free of parking or batteries re-charging problems. The progress of electronics and robotics allow us to envisage that these maneuvers could run automatically without human intervention. We have designed a modular and distributed hardware architecture with intelligent components (actuators and sensors) linked together by a field bus. Several solutions for the implementation of our software control architecture are examined.
Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling (2000)

Enzymatic probing is a rapid, straightforward method for determining which regions of a folded RNA are structurally constrained. It can be carried out using very small amounts of material, and is especially suitable for short RNAs. Here we report a protocol that we have found to be useful and readily adaptable to the evaluation of RNAs up to 150-200 nucleotides in length. Considerations for optimization are also included. In brief, the method includes folding end-labeled RNA into its native conformation, partial digestion with structure-sensitive nucleases, and identification of the cleavage sites by electrophoretic separation of the cleavage fragments.
OneBac 2.0: Sf 9 Cell Lines for Production of AAV5 Vectors with Enhanced Infectivity and Minimal Encapsidation of Foreign DNA (2015)

Scalable production of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV) in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells yields high burst sizes but variable infectivity rates per packaged AAV vector genome depending on the chosen serotype. Infectivity rates are particularly low for rAAV5 vectors, based on the genetically most divergent AAV serotype. In this study we describe key improvements of the OneBac system for the generation of rAAV5 vectors, whose manufacturing has been unsatisfactory in all current insect cell-based production systems. The Sf9 cell-based expression strategy for AAV5 capsid proteins was modified to enhance relative AAV5 VP1 levels. This resulted in a 100-fold boost of infectivity per genomic AAV5 particle with undiminished burst sizes per producer cell. Furthermore, the issue of collateral packaging of helper DNA into AAV capsids was approached. By modifications of the AAV rep and cap expression constructs used for the generation of stable Sf9 cell lines, collateral packaging of helper DNA sequences during rAAV vector production was dramatically reduced down to 0.001% of packaged rAAV genomes, while AAV5 burst sizes and infectivity rates were maintained. OneBac 2.0 represents the first insect cell-based scalable production system for high per-particle AAV5 infectivity rates combined with minimal collateral packaging of helper DNA, allowing the manufacturing of safe AAV5-based gene therapies for clinical application.
Stereo- and regiochemistries of the oxidations of 2-methoxy-5-tert-butyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes and the cyclic methyl 3',5'-phosphite of thymidine by water/iodine and oxygen/AIBN to P-chiral phosphates. Oxygen-17 NMR assignment of phosphorus configuration to the diastereomeric thymidine cyclic methyl 3',5'-monophosphates (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereo- and regiochemistries of the oxidations of 2-methoxy-5-tert-butyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes and the cyclic methyl 3',5'-phosphite of thymidine by water/iodine and oxygen/AIBN to P-chiral phosphates. Oxygen-17 NMR assignment of phosphorus configuration to the diastereomeric thymidine cyclic methyl 3',5'-monophosphatesWesley G. Bentrude, Alan E. Sopchik, and Tadeusz GajdaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 11, 3981–3987Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00193a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (906 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Focused Crawling Using Context Graphs (2000)

Maintaining currency of search engine indices by exhaustive crawling is rapidly becoming impossible due to the increasing size and dynamic content of the web. Focused crawlers aim to search only the subset of the web related to a specific category, and offer a potential solution to the currency problem. The major problem in focused crawling is performing appropriate credit assignment to different documents along a crawl path, such that short-term gains are not pursued at the expense of less-obvious crawl paths that ultimately yield larger sets of valuable pages. To address this problem we present a focused crawling algorithm that builds a model for the context within which topically relevant pages occur on the web. This context model can capture typical link hierarchies within which valuable pages occur, as well as model content on documents that frequently cooccur with relevant pages. Our algorithm further leverages the existing capability of large search engines to provide partial reverse crawling capabilities. Our algorithm shows significant performance improvements in crawling efficiency over standard focused crawling. 1
Differential utilization of CCR5 by macrophage and T cell tropic simian immunodeficiency virus strains (1997)

Certain chemokine receptors serve as cofactors for HIV type 1 envelope (env)-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus infection of CD4-positive cells. Macrophage tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 isolates use CCR5, and T cell tropic (T-tropic) strains use CXCR4. To investigate the cofactors used by simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), we tested four T-tropic and two M-tropic SIV env proteins for their ability to mediate cell-cell fusion with cells expressing CD4 and either human or nonhuman primate chemokine receptors. Unlike HIV-1, both M- and T-tropic SIV envs used CCR5 but not CXCR4 or the other chemokine receptors tested. However, by testing a panel of CCR5/CCR2b chimeras, we found that the structural requirements for CCR5 utilization by M-tropic and T-tropic SIV strains were different. T-tropic SIV strains required the second extracellular loop of CCR5 whereas a closely related M-tropic SIV strain could, like M-tropic HIV-1 strains, use the amino-terminal domain of CCR5. As few as two amino acid changes in the SIV env V3 domain affected the regions of CCR5 that were critical for fusogenic activity. Receptor signaling was not required for either fusion or infection. Our results suggest that viral tropism may be influenced not only by the coreceptors used by a given virus strain but also by how a given coreceptor is used.
Genetic engineering of improved nitrogen use efficiency in rice by the tissue‐specific expression of alanine aminotransferase (2008)

Summary Nitrogen is quantitatively the most essential nutrient for plants and a major factor limiting crop productivity. One of the critical steps limiting the efficient use of nitrogen is the ability of plants to acquire it from applied fertilizer. Therefore, the development of crop plants that absorb and use nitrogen more efficiently has been a long-term goal of agricultural research. In an attempt to develop nitrogen-efficient plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.) was genetically engineered by introducing a barley AlaAT (alanine aminotransferase) cDNA driven by a rice tissue-specific promoter (OsAnt1). This modification increased the biomass and grain yield significantly in comparison with control plants when plants were well supplied with nitrogen. Compared with controls, transgenic rice plants also demonstrated significant changes in key metabolites and total nitrogen content, indicating increased nitrogen uptake efficiency. The development of crop plants that take up and assimilate nitrogen more efficiently would not only improve the use of nitrogen fertilizers, resulting in lower production costs, but would also have significant environmental benefits. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the development of strategies to engineer enhanced nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants.
Thyroid hormone markedly increases the mRNA coding for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in the rat heart. (1988)

Previous findings have shown that thyroid hormone markedly increases the speed of diastolic relaxation in the heart. This thyroid hormone-dependent change is also accompanied by an increased Ca2+ pumping ability in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In an effort to determine the underlying cause of improved Ca2+ transport, mRNA levels of the slow Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were quantified on Northern blots. In hypothyroid rat hearts, the steady state level of Ca2+-ATPase mRNA was only 36% of control levels, whereas hyperthyroid rat heart mRNA levels were 136% of control. Ca2+-ATPase mRNA responded rapidly to T3, as the mRNA level was significantly increased by 2 h and normalized by 5 h after T3 injection into hypothyroid rats. The well established effect of thyroid hormone on improved myocardial contractility and increased speed of diastolic relaxation may in part relate to specific alterations in the level of the mRNA coding for Ca2+-ATPase, resulting in increased pump units.
A STUDY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A TERTIARY CARE LEVEL HOSPITAL (2023)

Introduction: One of the most signicant non-communicable illness public health issues is diabetes. Compared to 180 million in 1980, 422 million persons worldwide had diabetes in 2012. Diabetes contributed to 1.5 million fatalities in 2012 and an additional 2.2 million deaths were related to those with blood glucose levels that were higher than ideal, raising the risk for CVD. Aims: To identify any abnormalities in the echocardiograms of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting the outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: Result: In our study, 23 % of study population having HbA1c in the range 7 - 8.5%, 19.5% of patients had HbA1c &lt; 7% and 30% of patients had &gt; 17%. We found that the incidence of diastolic dysfunction is lower in the group of patients with HbA1c 7 - 8.5 and increased occurrence in groups with HbA1c &gt; 8.5. Conclusion: The widespread medical condition known as type 2 diabetes leads to a number of consequences. It is a signicant contributor to cardiovascular mortality and the rise in heart failure incidence
Synthesis and characterization of a high-affinity αvβ6-specific ligand for in vitro and in vivo applications (2009)

The α(v)β(6) integrin is an attractive therapeutic target for several cancers due to its role in metastasis and its negligible expression in normal tissues. We previously identified a peptide from a phage-displayed peptide library that binds specifically to α(v)β(6). The tetrameric version of the peptide has higher affinity for its cellular targets than the corresponding monomers. However, the inefficient synthesis limits its clinical potential. We report here a convergent synthesis producing the tetrameric peptide in high yield and purity. The ease of the synthesis allows for rapid optimization of the peptide. We have optimized this α(v)β(6) integrin-binding peptide, determining the minimal binding domain and valency. Importantly, the half-maximal binding affinity of the optimal peptide for its target cell is in the 40 to 60 pmol/L range, rivaling the affinity of commonly used antibody-targeting reagents. This peptide mediates cell-specific uptake, is functional in diagnostic formats, is stable in sera, and can home to a tumor in an animal. We anticipate that this high-affinity ligand for α(v)β(6) will find clinical use as a diagnostic and therapeutic reagent.