gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Critical Path: A Tool for System-Level Timing Analysis (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Measurement of the Expression of Oncofetal Fibronectin mRNA in Thyroid Carcinomas by Competitive Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (1999)

Abundant expression of oncofetal fibronectin mRNA has been observed in thyroid papillary and anaplastic carcinomas. In this study, we measured relative expression levels of oncofetal fibronectin mRNA in thyroid cancer tissues by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using thyroglobulin mRNA as an internal control. By this method, all papillary and anaplastic carcinomas and 3 of 6 follicular carcinomas were distinguished from benign tissues, such as normal thyroid tissues, follicular adenomas, and adenomatous goiters. Furthermore, 2 anaplastic carcinomas were clearly distinguished from differentiated carcinomas. These results suggest the possibility of establishing a more accurate preoperative or postoperative diagnosis of papillary and anaplastic carcinomas by measuring the relative expression level of oncofetal fibronectin to thyroglobulin in thyroid tumors.
Histogram based ghost removal in high dynamic range images (2009)

Multiple images with different exposures are used to produce a high dynamic range image (HDRI). When a user captures an image sequence, the ghost effect caused by moving objects and background change appears in an HDRI. This paper proposes a histogram based ghost removal method, in which object motion and background change between two exposures are detected using multi-level threshoding of the intensity histogram. The detected object motion is used to determine weighting factors in construction of the radiance map. Experiments with several sets of test images with different exposures show that the proposed method gives a better performance than existing methods in terms of visual results and computation time.
Peak-to-average power reduction for OFDM by repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering (2002)

It is shown that repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal can significantly reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. The technique causes no increase in out-of-band power. Significant PAPR reduction can be achieved with only moderate levels of clipping noise.
Myocardial gap junction organization in ischemia and infarction (1995)

Ischemia causes an increase in myocardial resistivity and a decrease in conduction velocity, thereby enhancing cardiac contractile dysfunction and arrhythmic tendency. Myocardial gap junctions, as principal determinants of conduction velocity, may, therefore, be expected to be deranged in ischemia. Despite a lack of consensus, attempts at correlating gap junction ultrastructural morphology with functional state have revealed the component connexons of gap junctions in freeze-fractured myocardium to be in multiple small hexagonal arrays, tending to become randomly distributed and compacted under uncoupling conditions. Further hypoxic uncoupling causes ultrastructural damage and a reduction in gap-junctional surface area. Immunohistochemical detection of connexin43 gap junctions in chronically ischemic non-infarcted human myocardium demonstrates a reduction in junctional surface area within a normal number of intercalated disks per myocyte, and with a normal distribution of junction sizes. In healed canine infarction there are smaller and fewer gap junctions in the fibrotic myocardium adjacent to infarcts, with reductions in overall gap-junctional content and the proportion of side-to-side vs. end-to-end intercellular connections. Immunohistochemical examination of intact human ventricular myocardium shows the myocytes immediately abutting healed infarcts to have connexin43 gap junctions spread longitudinally over the cell surfaces, and not in discrete transversely orientated intercalated disks as in normal myocardium. Early after canine infarction, and before fibrotic healing, the connexin43 gap junctions in myocytes abutting the infarct show disorganization similar to that described in healed human infarcts, suggesting that this disturbance is an early pathophysiological cellular response, and not simply due to later fibrotic distortion. Such changes in gap-junctional organization in myocardial ischemia and infarction may be implicated in the elusive link between subcellular structure, contractile dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis.
Plasma gelsolin improves lung host defense against pneumonia by enhancing macrophage NOS3 function (2015)

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) functions as part of the "extracellular actin-scavenging system," but its potential to improve host defense against infection has not been studied. In a mouse model of primary pneumococcal pneumonia, recombinant human pGSN (rhu-pGSN) caused enhanced bacterial clearance, reduced acute inflammation, and improved survival. In vitro, rhu-pGSN rapidly improved lung macrophage uptake and killing of bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Francisella tularensis). pGSN triggers activating phosphorylation (Ser(1177)) of macrophage nitric oxide synthase type III (NOS3), an enzyme with important bactericidal functions in lung macrophages. rhu-pGSN failed to enhance bacterial killing by NOS3(-/-) macrophages in vitro or bacterial clearance in NOS3(-/-) mice in vivo. Prophylaxis with immunomodulators may be especially relevant for patients at risk for secondary bacterial pneumonia, e.g., after influenza. Treatment of mice with pGSN challenged with pneumococci on postinfluenza day 7 (the peak of enhanced susceptibility to secondary infection) caused a ∼15-fold improvement in bacterial clearance, reduced acute neutrophilic inflammation, and markedly improved survival, even without antibiotic therapy. pGSN is a potential immunomodulator for improving lung host defense against primary and secondary bacterial pneumonia.
Michael Acceptor Based Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Cysteine Protease Inhibitors with Unusual Amino Acids (2010)

New peptidic Michael acceptor based cysteine protease inhibitors displaying antiparasitic activity were identified by testing a broad series of 45 compounds in total, containing Asn, Gln, or Phe. As target enzymes, falcipain-2 and -3 from P. falciparum and rhodesain from T. b. rhodesiense were used. In the case of the Asn/Gln containing compounds, the trityl-protected, diastereomeric E-configured vinylogous dipeptide esters 16 (Boc-(S)-Phg-(R/S)-vGln(Trt)-OEt) were discovered as most active inhibitors concerning both protease inhibition and antiparasitic acitivity, with inhibition constants in the submicromolar range. The compounds were shown to display time-dependent and competitive inhibition. In the case of the Phe containing compounds, the maleic acid derivatives 42 and 43 (BnO-Phe←Mal-Phe-OBn, BnO-Phe←Mal-Phe-Ala-OBn, Mal = maleic acid) displayed good inhibition of rhodesain as well as good antitrypanosomal activity, while the fumaric acid derived E-analogue 14 (BnO-Phe←Fum-Phe-OBn) only displayed inhibition of the target enzymes but no antiparasitic activity. Inhibition by these Phe derivatives was shown to be time-independent and competitive.
Reconstruction of liver organoid using a bioreactor (2006)

Co-culture in the RFB system can dramatically change the structure and function of all cell types, including the functional characteristics of hepatocytes. Our system proves effective for reconstruction of a liver organoid using a bio-artificial liver.
Stock Global, Sell Local (2005)

Local authors present booksellers with more than just a sales opportunity, they can make the whole relationship (the selling and the reading) more intimate, says Rose Michael.
Elevation of plasma interleukin‐18 concentration is correlated with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (2000)

The novel cytokine IL-18 might play a crucial role in triggering the inflammatory processes in SLE.
An analysis of ICBM navigation using optical observations of existing space objects (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.
Relocation of the carboxyterminal part of CAN from the nuclear envelope to the nucleus as a result of leukemia-specific chromosome rearrangements. (1995)

Fusion genes encoding the 3' part of the can gene are implicated in two types of leukemia. The dek-can fusion gene is present in t(6;9) acute myeloid leukemia and the set-can fusion gene is present in one case of acute undifferentiated leukemia. In order to obtain leads towards the molecular basis of these diseases, we have studied the cellular localization of the DEK-CAN and SET-CAN fusion proteins and their normal counterparts. DEK-CAN and SET-CAN were localized exclusively in the nucleus, and also DEK and SET were found to be nuclear proteins. However, CAN was mainly located at the nuclear and cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope. This observation is in accordance with the presence of an amino acid repeat in the C-terminal part of CAN, common to the family of nucleoporins. The C-terminal part also contains a nuclear location domain as shown by deletion analysis. This domain may be important for the presence of CAN at the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. The relocation of the carboxyterminal part of CAN due to DEK-CAN and SET-CAN may reinforce a nuclear function of the CAN protein.
Fixation and long‐term storage of human lymphocytes for surface marker analysis by flow cytometry (1988)

A method to preserve stained human lymphocytes for subsequent cell surface analysis by flow cytometry (FCM) is described. Cells stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and then fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde, followed by extensive washing and resuspension in 1% BSA medium, could be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 2 weeks prior to FCM analysis without significant alteration in the light scatter or fluorescence properties of the cells. Furthermore, the method was also suitable for analyzing lymphocytes that express T-cell activation markers in certain disease conditions. In addition, we have identified monoclonal antibody combinations that discriminate different lymphocyte subsets that are satisfactory for multiparameter analysis after 2 weeks of storage. This method should prove useful for enumerating lymphocyte subsets in field study sites remote from flow cytometry laboratories.
Variants of the Chandy-Misra-Bryant Distributed Discrete-Event Simulation Algorithm (1988)

Abstract : We have been using variants of the Chandy-Misra-Bryant (CMB) distributed discrete-event simulation algorithm since 1986 for a variety of simulation tasks. The simulation programs run on multicomputers (message-passing concurrent computers), such as the Cosmic Cube, Intel iPSC, and Ametek Series 2010. The excellent performance of these simulators led us to investigate a family of variants of the basic CMB algorithm, including lazy message-sending, demand-driven operation with backward demand messages, and adaptive adjustment of the parameters that control the laziness. These studies were also motivated by our interest in scheduling strategies for re-active (message-driven) multiprocess programs which are semantically similar to discrete-event (event-driven) simulators. The simulator itself is implemented in the reactive programming environment that we have developed for multicomputers: the Cosmic Environment and the Reactive Kernel. We performed the studies reported here using logic networks. Logic simulation is expected to stress a distributed simulator, and is itself of practical interest. It is easy to construct examples of logic networks with a diversity of behaviors and structural difficulties, such as large fan-in and fan-out. Low-level logic elements such as logic gates exhibit responses in which an input event may or may not influence the outputs, depending on the internal state of the element and on the states of other inputs; yet, they require very little computation to simulate their behavior. Thus, the performance results shown later in this paper involve practically no computation other than the distributed simulation itself.
[Fibromyalgia, diagnosis and prevalence. Are gender differences explainable?]. (2009)

Most non-inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases are more common in women than in men. Fibromyalgia is characterised by chronic generalised muscle pain. The male:female ratio is 1:9. Interacting factors including genetic, hormonal, environmental and behavioural elements may cause this condition, and there are possibly subgroups of which one has shown to be treatable. A different pathogenetic appearance in the two sexes may also be present. The gender difference may partly be explained by the fact that pressure pain test in tender points forms part of the diagnosis. This may leave some male fibromyalgia patients unrecognized.
Amino acids and Ca2+ stimulate different patterns of Ca2+ oscillations through the Ca2+-sensing receptor (2002)

We determined the effect of aromatic amino acid stimulation of the human extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single HEK-293 cells. Addition of L-phenylalanine or L-tryptophan (at 5 mM) induced [Ca2+]i oscillations from a resting state that was quiescent at 1.8 mM extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e). Each [Ca2+]i peak returned to baseline values, and the average oscillation frequency was approximately 1 min(-1) at 37 degrees C. Oscillations were not induced or sustained if the [Ca2+]e was reduced to 0.5 mM, even in the continued presence of amino acid. Average oscillation frequency in response to an increase in [Ca2+]e (from 1.8 to 2.5-5 mM) was much higher (approximately 4 min(-1)) than that induced by aromatic amino acids. Oscillations in response to [Ca2+]e were sinusoidal whereas those induced by amino acids were transient. Thus both amino acids and Ca2+, acting through the same CaR, produce oscillatory increases in [Ca2+]i, but the resultant oscillation pattern and frequency allow the cell to discriminate which agonist is bound to the receptor.
Ueber symmetrische Biphenylderivate (1904)

Pulver wird bekanntlich durch Zerstampfen von dunnster Kupferfolie gewonnen.Das so dargestellte Kupfer besitzt verschiedene Feinheit und nach zahlreichen Versuchen konnten wir uns uberzeugen,
Novel Architectures and Algorithms for Delay Reduction in Back-Pressure Scheduling and Routing (2009)

The back-pressure algorithm is a well-known throughput-optimal algorithm. However, its delay performance may be quite poor even when the traffic load is not close to network capacity due to the following two reasons. First, each node has to maintain a separate queue for each commodity in the network, and only one queue is served at a time. Second, the backpressure routing algorithm may route some packets along very long routes. In this paper, we present solutions to address both of the above issues, and hence, improve the delay performance of the back-pressure algorithm. One of the suggested solutions also decreases the complexity of the queueing data structures to be maintained at each node.
A Plant Vacuolar Protease, VPE, Mediates Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Cell Death (2004)

Programmed cell death (PCD) in animals depends on caspase protease activity. Plants also exhibit PCD, for example as a response to pathogens, although a plant caspase remains elusive. Here we show that vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is a protease essential for a virus-induced hypersensitive response that involves PCD. VPE deficiency prevented virus-induced hypersensitive cell death in tobacco plants. VPE is structurally unrelated to caspases, although VPE has a caspase-1 activity. Thus, plants have evolved a regulated cellular suicide strategy that, unlike PCD of animals, is mediated by VPE and the cellular vacuole.
Brain metabolism is significantly impaired at blood glucose below 6 mM and brain glucose below 1 mM in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (2010)

Arterial blood glucose levels appear to be optimal at 6-9 mM. While low brain glucose levels below 1 mM are detrimental, elevated brain glucose are to be targeted despite increased brain glutamate at brain glucose >5 mM. Pathogenity of elevated glutamate appears to be relativized by L/Glu and suggests to exclude insulin- induced brain injury.
Vacuum packaging technology using localized aluminum/silicon-to-glass bonding (2002)

A glass vacuum package based on localized aluminum/silicon-to-glass bonding has been successfully demonstrated. A constant heat flux model shows that heating can be confined locally in the dielectric layer underneath a microheater as long as the width of the microheater and the thickness of silicon substrate are much smaller than the die size and a good heat sink is placed underneath the silicon substrate. With 3.4 W heating power, /spl sim/0.2 MPa applied contact pressure and 90 min wait time before bonding, vacuum encapsulation at 25 mtorr (/spl sim/3.33 Pa) can be achieved. Folded-beam comb drive /spl mu/-resonators are encapsulated and used as pressure monitors. Long-term testing of vacuum-packaged p-resonators with a Quality Factor (Q) of 2500 has demonstrated stable operation after 69 weeks. A /spl mu/-resonator with a Q factor of /spl sim/9600 has been vacuum encapsulated and shown to be stable after 56 weeks.
Conditional up-regulation of IL-2 production by p38 MAPK inactivation is mediated by increased Erk1/2 activity (2006)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates many cellular processes in almost all eukaryotic cell types. In T cells, p38 was shown to regulate thymic development and cytokine production. Here, the role of p38 on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was examined. When T cells were stimulated under weak stimulation conditions, pharmaceutical and molecular p38 inhibitors induced a dramatic increase of IL-2 production. In contrast, IL-2 levels were not affected significantly when strong stimulation was provided to T cells. The increase in IL-2 production, following p38 inhibition, was associated with a strong up-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activity. Furthermore the Erk inhibitor U0126 was able to counteract the effect of p38 inhibition on IL-2 production, supporting the conclusion that p38 mediates its effect through Erk. These results suggest that the p38 kinase, through its ability to control Erk activation levels, acts as a gatekeeper, which prevents inappropriate IL-2 production. Also, the finding that p38 acts in a strength-of-stimulation-dependent way provides an explanation for previously reported, contradictory results regarding the role of this kinase in IL-2 expression.
Identification by PCR of Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica Serovars Associated with Invasive Infections among Febrile Patients in Mali (2010)

We have described a simple yet effective PCR method to support surveillance of the incidence of invasive disease caused by NTS in developing countries.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XXXI. 2‐Oxazoline aus α‐metallierten Isocyaniden und Carbonylverbindungen. Eine neue Synthese für β‐Aminoalkohole (1976)

Abstract α‐Metallierte Isocyanide 2 , dargestellt aus Isocyaniden 1 und Basen wie Butyllithium, Kalium‐ tert ‐butylat oder Lithium‐tetramethylpiperidid reagieren bei ca. — 70°C mit Carbonylverbindungen 3 zu den Addukten 4 , die (reversibel) zu 2‐metallierten 2‐Oxazolinen 5 cyclisieren. Nach Zugabe von Methanol lassen sich diese in Form von 2‐Oxazolinen 6 isolieren. Mögliche Nebenreaktionen werden diskutiert. Da die 2‐Oxazoline 6 leicht hydrolysierbar sind, eröffnet sich so auch ein ergiebiger Zugang zu den β‐Aminoalkoholen 8 . — Die 2‐Oxazoline 6 werden durch Butyllithium bevorzugt in 2‐Position metalliert, wobei wiederum die Verbindungen 5 (M = Li) resultieren, die in Tautomerie mit den offenkettigen Alkoholaten 4 stehen. Bei Abfangversuchen erhält man je nach Elektrophil in kinetisch oder thermodynamisch kontrollierter Reaktion Derivate von 4 oder von 5 .
Emergence of Resistance to Protease Inhibitor Amprenavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients: Selection of Four Alternative Viral Protease Genotypes and Influence of Viral Susceptibility to Coadministered Reverse Transcriptase Nucleoside Inhibitors (2002)

Previous data have indicated that the development of resistance to amprenavir, an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, is associated with the substitution of valine for isoleucine at residue 50 (I50V) in the viral protease. We present further findings from retrospective genotypic and phenotypic analyses of plasma samples from protease inhibitor-naïve and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-experienced patients who experienced virological failure while participating in a clinical trial where they had been randomized to receive either amprenavir or indinavir in combination with NRTIs. Paired baseline and on-therapy isolates from 31 of 48 (65%) amprenavir-treated patients analyzed demonstrated the selection of protease mutations. These mutations fell into four distinct categories, characterized by the presence of either I50V, I54L/I54M, I84V, or V32I+I47V and often included accessory mutations, commonly M46I/L. The I50V and I84V genotypes displayed the greatest reductions in susceptibility to amprenavir, although each of the amprenavir-selected genotypes conferred little or no cross-resistance to other protease inhibitors. There was a significant association, for both amprenavir and indinavir, between preexisting baseline resistance to NRTIs subsequently received during the study and development of protease mutations (P = 0.014 and P = 0.031, respectively). Our data provide a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms by which amprenavir resistance develops during clinical use and present evidence that resistance to concomitant agents in the treatment regimen predisposes to the development of mutations associated with protease inhibitor resistance and treatment failure.
Up‐regulation of Na+,K+‐ATPase α3‐isoform and down‐regulation of the α1‐isoform in human colorectal cancer (2004)

We investigated expression levels of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha-isoforms and their ATPase activities in human colorectal cancer tissue and the accompanying normal mucosa. A decrease in expression of the alpha1-isoform protein was observed in all sampled cancer tissues compared with the normal mucosae. The level of ouabain (5 microM)-sensitive Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in carcinomas was 81+/-5% that of in the normal mucosae. The mRNA expression of alpha2- and alpha 4-isoforms was decreased in almost all the carcinoma samples. Interestingly, the expression level of the alpha 3-isoform protein in the cancer tissue was higher than that of the normal mucosa. These results indicate that a decrease in the alpha1-isoform expression and an increase in the alpha 3-isoform expression may be associated with colorectal cancer.