gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines (2002)

This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.
SIROLIMUS IMMUNOSUPPRESSION FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN THE PRESENCE OF MALIGNANCY. (2000)

Kneteman, Norman M.; Bain, Vince; Babini, Roberto; Meeberg, Glenda; Shapiro, A. M.James; Issa, Samir; Bigam, David; Ma, Mang; Gutfreund, Klaus; Wong, Winnie Author Information
Hepatitis C Virus Structural Proteins Assemble into Viruslike Particles in Insect Cells (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis in the world. The study of HCV has been hampered by the low level of viral particles in infected individuals, the inability to propagate efficiently the virus in cultured cells, and the lack of a convenient animal model. Due to these obstacles, neither the structure of the virus nor the prerequisites for its assembly have been clearly defined. In this report, we describe a model for the production and purification of HCV-like particles in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus containing the cDNA of the HCV structural proteins. In insect cells, expressed HCV structural proteins assembled into enveloped viruslike particles (40 to 60 nm in diameter) in large cytoplasmic cisternae, presumably derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Biophysical characterization of viruslike particles by CsCl and sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed biophysical properties similar to those of putative virions isolated from infected humans. The results suggested that HCV core and envelope proteins without p7 were sufficient for viral particle formation. Analysis of particle-associated nucleic acids demonstrated that HCV RNAs were selectively incorporated into the particles over non-HCV transcripts. The synthesis of HCV-like particles in insect cells may provide an important tool to determine the structural requirements for HCV particle assembly as well as to study viral genome encapsidation and virus-host interactions. The described system may also represent a potential approach toward vaccine development.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Low‐Intensity Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on the Inflammatory Reaction Elicited by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Adherent to Titanium Dental Implants (2009)

By blunting the LPS-induced inflammatory response, Nd:YAG laser irradiation may be viewed as a promising tool for the therapeutic management of peri-implantitis.
Appraising earthquake hypocenter location errors: A complete, practical approach for single-event locations (1986)

Abstract For conventional single-event, nonlinear, least-squares hypocentral estimates, I show that the total error is expressible as a linear combination of three terms: (1) measurement error; (2) modeling errors caused by inadequacy of the travel-time tables; and (3) a nonlinear term. Errors in calculating travel-time partial derivatives are shown to have no effect, provided a stable solution can be found. This is in contrast to linear problems where errors in calculating matrix elements can distort the solution drastically. The error appraisal technique developed here examines each of the three error terms independently. The first can be analyzed by standard confidence ellipsoids with critical values based on measurement error statistics. The second can cause conventional error ellipsoid calculations that derive a critical value from an estimate based on rms residuals, to give misleading results. I introduce an alternative extremal bound procedure for appraising such errors. Travel-time modeling errors are bounded as the product of ray arc length and an estimate of the nominal scale of slowness errors along the ray path. These are used to derive an upper bound on systematic errors in each hypocentral coordinate based on a novel bounding criteria. Finally, I show that, for errors of a reasonable scale, the nonlinear error term can be estimated adequately using a second-order approximation. Given an upper bound on the total location error, bounds on the travel-time error induced by nonlinearity can be calculated from the spectral norm of the Hessian for each measured arrival time. The systematic errors in each hypocentral coordinate due to nonlinearity can then be bounded using the same criteria used for constructing modeling error bounds. This overall procedure is complete because it allows one to independently appraise the relative importance of all sources of hypocentral errors. It is practical because the required computational effort is small.
Laser Grooved Buried Contact Solar Cells for Concentration Factors up to 100x (2006)

The laser grooved buried contact (LGBG) crystalline silicon solar cell is an attractive technology for the production of low-cost concentrator cells. Due to the high-conductivity buried front contact, the metallization pattern may be readily adapted to handle the larger current densities produced at higher concentrations whilst minimizing shading. In the 1990's an efficiency of 18% at 30X concentration without prismatic covers was demonstrated in the EUCLIDES concentrator system. A matrix of cell process conditions has been investigated in order to optimize the emitter and front contact design of the LGBC cell for concentration factors of 50-100X. Efficiencies over 18% at 50X concentration have been measured on 2.56 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells. Factors limiting the efficiency are discussed and processing improvements are suggested
A Combination of Molecular Markers Accurately Detects Lymph Node Metastasis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2006)

Occult lymph node metastasis (micrometastasis) is a good prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and could be used to direct adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I patients. This study was designed to evaluate molecular markers for detection of occult lymph node metastasis in NSCLC, define the best marker or marker combination to distinguish positive from benign lymph nodes, and evaluate these markers in lymph nodes from pathologically node-negative (pN(0)) NSCLC patients. Potential markers were identified through literature and database searches and all markers were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in a primary screen of six NSCLC specimens and 10 benign nodes. Selected markers were further evaluated on 21 primary NSCLC specimens, 21 positive nodes, and 21 benign nodes, and the best individual markers and combinations were identified. A combination of three markers was further validated on an independent set of 32 benign lymph nodes, 38 histologically positive lymph nodes, and 462 lymph nodes from 68 pN(0) NSCLC patients. Forty-two markers were evaluated in the primary screen and eight promising markers were selected for further analysis. A combination of three markers (SFTPB, TACSTD1, and PVA) was identified that provided perfect classification of benign and positive nodes in all sample sets. PVA and SFTPB are particularly powerful in tumors of squamous and adenocarcinoma histologies, respectively, whereas TACSTD1 is a good general marker for NSCLC metastasis. The combination of these genes identified 32 of 462 (7%) lymph nodes from 20 of 68 (29%) patients as potentially positive for occult metastasis. Long-term follow-up will determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Angiographically Confirmed Coronary Heart Disease and Periodontal Disease in Middle‐Aged Males (2006)

There was an association between coronary heart disease and poor periodontal status in the middle-aged males investigated. This association was independent of diabetes and all other cardiovascular risk factors investigated.
Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials (2008)

Part 1. Novel or Improved Methods for the Characterization of Wood, Pulp Fibres & Paper . 1) 2D heteronuclear (1H-13C) single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR analysis of Norway spruce bark components. 2) Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers. 3) Surface characterization of mechanical pulp fibres by contact angle measurement, polyelectrolyte adsorption, XPS and AFM. 4) Assessing Substrate Accessibility to Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Cellulases. 5) Characterization of alkyl ketene dimmer-sized papers by XPS and dynamic contact angle measurements. 6) Chemical Microscopy of Extractives on Fiber and Paper Surfaces. Part 2. Characterization of Cellulose, Lignin and Modified Cellulose Fibres . 7) Deformation processes in cellulosics using Raman microscopy. 8) Life-time prediction of cellulosics by thermal and mechanical analysis. 9) Recent advances in the isolation and analysis of lignins and lignin-carbohydrate complexes. 10) Chemical Composition and Lignin Structural Features of Banana Plant Leaf Sheath and Rachis. 11) Recent advances in the characterization of lignosulfonates. 12) Integrated size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis of cellulose and its derivatives. 13) 13C CPMAS NMR studies of wood, cellulose fibres and derivatives. Part 3. Characterization of Lignocelluloses-based Composites and Polymer Blends . 14) Advances in the characterization of interfaces and the fiber surfaces in lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites. 15) Thermal and mechanical analysis of lignocelluloses-based biocomposites. 16) New insights into the mechanisms of compatibilization in wood-plastic composites. 17) X-ray powder diffraction analyses of kraft lignin-based thermoplastic polymer blends. 18) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of chemically cross-linked ethylcelluloses and ethylcellulose-methylcellulose blends. 19) DSC and AFM studies on chemically cross-linked sodium cellulose sulfate hydrogels. 20) Microscopic examination of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites
A software-based system for interactive spatial sound synthesis (2000)

This paper discusses development issues for a software-based, real-time virtual audio rendering system, Sound Lab (SLAB), designed to work in the personal computer environment using a standard signal-processing library. The system, which is being developed as a tool for the study of spatial hearing, takes advantage of the low-cost PC platform while providing a flexible, maintainable, and extensible architecture to enable the quick development of experiments. The current capabilities and dynamic behavior of the SLAB system are described. Keywords Spatial sound, interactive virtual audio, real-time synthesis
Modeling studies of the change in conformation required for cleavage of limited proteolytic sites (1994)

Previous analyses of limited proteolytic sites within native, folded protein structures have shown that a significant conformational change is required in order to facilitate binding into the active site of the attacking proteinase. For the serine proteinases, the optimum conformation to match the proteinase binding-site geometry has been well characterized crystallographically by the conserved main-chain geometry of the reactive site loops of their protein inhibitors. A good substrate must adopt a conformation very similar to this "target" main-chain conformation prior to cleavage. Using a "loop-closure" modeling approach, we have tested the ability of a set of tryptic-limited proteolytic sites to achieve this target conformation and further tested their suitability for cleavage. The results show that in most cases, significant changes in the conformation of at least 12 residues are required. All the putative tryptic cleavage sites in 1 protein, elastase, were also modeled and tested to compare the results to the actual nicksite in that protein. These results strongly suggest that large local motions proximate to the scissile bond are required for proteolysis, and it is this ability to unfold locally without perturbing the overall protein conformation that is the prime determinant for limited proteolysis.
Correction: The Socioeconomic and Institutional Determinants of Participation in India’s Health Insurance Scheme for the Poor (2014)

The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), which was introduced in 2008 in India, is a social health insurance scheme that aims to improve healthcare access and provide financial risk protection to the poor. In this study, we analyse the determinants of participation and enrolment in the scheme at the level of districts. We used official data on RSBY enrolment, socioeconomic data from the District Level Household Survey 2007-2008, and additional state-level information on fiscal health, political affiliation, and quality of governance. Results from multivariate probit and OLS analyses suggest that political and institutional factors are among the strongest determinants explaining the variation in participation and enrolment in RSBY. In particular, districts in state governments that are politically affiliated with the opposition or neutral parties at the centre are more likely to participate in RSBY, and have higher levels of enrolment. Districts in states with a lower quality of governance, a pre-existing state-level health insurance scheme, or with a lower level of fiscal deficit as compared to GDP, are significantly less likely to participate, or have lower enrolment rates. Among socioeconomic factors, we find some evidence of weak or imprecise targeting. Districts with a higher share of socioeconomically backward castes are less likely to participate, and their enrolment rates are also lower. Finally, districts with more non-poor households may be more likely to participate, although with lower enrolment rates.
Marine natural products (1993)

D. J. Faulkner, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1993, 10, 497 DOI: 10.1039/NP9931000497
User Intention-Awareness System for Goal-oriented Context-Awareness Service (2007)

As the technology developed, the system is being developed as the structure that is adapted to the intelligent environment. Therefore, the existing situation information system couldn't provide satisfactory service to the user as it provides service only by the information which it received from the sensor. This paper analyzed the problems of the existing user intention awareness system and suggested user intention awareness system to provide a stable and efficient service that fits to the intention of the user compensating this. This paper has collected the behavior data based on the scenario of the sequential behavior course of the user that occurs at breakfast time in the kitchen which is the home domain environment thai is closely related to our lives. This scenario course also showed the flow that the goal intentional user intention awareness system acted that it suggested, and showed the sequential course processing the user behavior data by tables and charts.
Pathway for the Catalytic Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Hydrocarbons over Activated Alumina (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPathway for the Catalytic Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Hydrocarbons over Activated AluminaAnna Leung, David G. B. Boocock, and Samir K. KonarCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 5, 913–920Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00053a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00053a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views686Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel cellular therapies for leukemia: CAR-modified T cells targeted to the CD19 antigen (2012)

Abstract The ability of immune-competent donor T cells to mediate a beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect was first identified in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, with the exception of chronic myelogenous leukemia and EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease, allo-HSCT GVL lacks the potency to significantly affect disease progression or recurrence in most other hematologic malignancies. The inadequacy of a GVL effect using past approaches is particularly evident in patients with lymphoid malignancies. However, with the advent of improved gene transfer technology, genetically modified tumor-specific immune effectors have extended cellular immunotherapy to lymphoid malignancies. One promising strategy entails the introduction of genes encoding artificial receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which redirect the specificity and function of immune effectors. CAR-modified T cells targeted to the B cell–specific CD19 antigen have demonstrated promising results in multiple early clinical trials, supporting further investigation in patients with B-cell cancers. However, disparities in clinical trial design and CAR structure have complicated the discovery of the optimal application of this technology. Recent preclinical studies support additional genetic modifications of CAR-modified T cells to achieve optimal clinical efficacy using this novel adoptive cellular therapy.
Cell penetration of diphtheria toxin. Reduction of the interchain disulfide bridge is the rate-limiting step of translocation in the cytosol. (1993)

The pathway of cell penetration of diphtheria toxin (DT) was studied in Vero cells by following the kinetics of uptake, reduction, degradation, and sub-cellular distribution of 125I-DT in the absence or presence of bafilomycin A1 (baf-A1), a powerful inhibitor of the endosomal H(+)-ATPase. After a lag phase of 4 min, DT, bound to Vero cells, reached an acidic intracellular compartment, where about one-third of it underwent a transition to a state competent for subsequent reduction and membrane translocation. After further 4 min, this DT fraction was reduced in a baf-A1-insensitive reaction and DT-A, the intracellularly active protomer of DT, was immediately released in the cytosol. The present data indicate that cell-mediated reduction of the toxin is the rate-determining step of the DT cell intoxication process. Subcellular fractionation showed that DT underwent the low pH-driven conformational change in an early endosome, distinct from the subsequent endosomal compartment where reduction took place. DT-B remained endosome-bound and was proteolyzed at low pH as well as the portion of DT which was not reduced after the exposure to low pH in early endosomes.
A policy-based approach to automated data reduction for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems (2012)

Department of Defense (DoD) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets; including manned and unmanned airborne, space-borne, maritime, and terrestrial systems; play critical roles in support of current and future military operations. However, military services and defense agencies face an ever growing challenge of effectively processing, exploiting, and disseminating ISR data from multiple, diverse senor platforms for end-users who collaborate and share information within a net-centric enterprise environment. Adding to the physical limitations of transport and infrastructure are personnel shortages with respect to the number of operator and analytical staff possessing the required skill sets to effectively exploit collected ISR information. This shortage raises the risk that important information may not be available to war fighters in a timely manner that assures mission success. The Multifactor Analytics Information Engine (MAIE) directly addresses the aforementioned issues by reducing the flood of sensor data to only actionable information that is directly applicable to the mission-at-hand. MAIE focuses on target discovery, communication capacity management, and automation techniques that enable ISR system operators and analysts to derive the knowledge they need to meet end-user mission requirements. A primary feature of the MAIE approach is the use of on-board processing, close to the sensor on the platform where the data originates. This processing includes screening and then compressing the data using established algorithms before transmission to the operations center for dissemination and exploitation. A major contribution of MAIE is its novel approach for automatically selecting these algorithms based on premeditated mission plans and dynamically occurring mission events. We implement a policy-based management system driven by a rules-based, event-correlation engine to select the most appropriate algorithms to reduce sensor data to only mission-required exploitation products. By doing so, MAIE greatly improves productivity of operators and analysts to enable them to meet end-user time-critical needs while using fewer resources.
A query language for the O 2 object-oriented databases (1989)

We investigated the effects of conditioned medium (CM) from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h BMMSC)s and pulse wave photobiomodulation (PW PBM), applied alone or in combination, on the stereological parameters and gene expression of some growth factors, during wound healing in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM). T1DM was induced in 72 rats and two incisions were made in each animal. The rats were assigned to one of four groups: a control (placebo) group, a Laser group (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.2 J/cm<sup>2</sup>); a CM group, and a combined CM + Laser group. On post-surgical days 4, 7, and 15, skin samples were extracted for stereology and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analyses of gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). The stereological examinations of the proximal and distal wounds revealed significantly enhanced healing in all the treated groups, compared to the control group. The extent of healing was significantly greater in the CM + Laser group than in the other treatment groups. The RT-PCR results also indicated greater gene expression in the CM + Laser and Laser groups than in the CM and control groups. Application of CM and PW PBM, alone or in combination accelerated the process of wound healing in T1DM rats. The results of combined application of CM and PW PBM, indicated a synergistic effect, and the combination treatment was statistically more effective than single applications of CM or PW PBM.