gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Islet Function in Nondiabetic and Diabetic BB Rats (1993)

A decreased acute insulin response to glucose in islet cell antibody positive humans predicts diabetes. Because the dominant mechanism leading to decreased in vivo acute insulin response to glucose remains unclear, perifused islets were examined before and after diabetes onset in BB rats to assess the role of glucose sensitivity on insulin secretion in individual islets. Islets from normal WF rats, diabetes-prone rats without inflamed islets, diabetes-prone rats with inflamed islets, and diabetic rats were studied at 2.0, 8.3, and 16.7 mM glucose. Immunoreactive insulin from WF islets at 16.7 mM glucose was 0.15 ± 0.02 ng · 0–7 min−1 · islet−1 for the first phase and 1.00 ± 0.05 ng · 7–20 min−1 · islet−1 for the second phase of biphasic secretion, compared with basal secretion of 0.10 ± 0.03 ng · 20 min−1 · islet−1 at 2 mM glucose. Diabetes-prone noninflamed islets showed a 0.20 ± 0.03 ng first-phase secretion, a 1.32 ± 0.13 ng second-phase secretion after 16.7 mM glucose, and 0.093 ± 0.02 ng · 20 min−1 · islet−1 at 2 mM glucose, indicating no intrinsic BB rat strain secretion abnormality. Diabetes-prone inflamed islets had secretions of 0.35 ± 0.02 ng during the first phase (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. WF) and 1.78 ± 0.29 ng during the second phase (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. WF) after 16.7 mM glucose, with 0.24 ± 0.08 ng · 20 min−1 · islet−1 at 2 mM glucose. Islets derived from diabetic rats had a first-phase secretion of 0.63 ± 0.14 ng (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. diabetes-prone noninf lamed and WF) and a second phase of 1.48 ± 0.28 ng (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. WF) with 0.30 ng · 20 min−1 · islet−1 at 2 mM glucose. Dose-response studies showed enhanced insulin secretion to each concentration of glucose when compared with controls (WF or diabetes-prone noninf lamed). These data indicate that 1) BB inflamed islets can be isolated for dynamic insulin secretion studies in nondiabetic and diabetic rats; 2) β-cell glucose sensitivity appears enhanced in islets derived from nondiabetic rats with inflamed islets or rats soon after diabetes onset; and 3) the reported impairment of in vivo acute insulin response to glucose in the BB rat model does not result primarily from a decrease in residually functioning β-cell sensitivity to glucose, but rather the data suggest a more important role for decreased residual β-cell mass.
Rational design and characterization of a Rac GTPase-specific small molecule inhibitor (2004)

The signaling pathways mediated by Rho family GTPases have been implicated in many aspects of cell biology. The specificity of the pathways is achieved in part by the selective interaction between Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and their Rho GTPase substrates. Here, we report a first-generation small-molecule inhibitor of Rac GTPase targeting Rac activation by GEF. The chemical compound NSC23766 was identified by a structure-based virtual screening of compounds that fit into a surface groove of Rac1 known to be critical for GEF specification. In vitro it could effectively inhibit Rac1 binding and activation by the Rac-specific GEF Trio or Tiam1 in a dose-dependent manner without interfering with the closely related Cdc42 or RhoA binding or activation by their respective GEFs or with Rac1 interaction with BcrGAP or effector PAK1. In cells, it potently blocked serum or platelet-derived growth factor-induced Rac1 activation and lamellipodia formation without affecting the activity of endogenous Cdc42 or RhoA. Moreover, this compound reduced Trio or Tiam1 but not Vav, Lbc, Intersectin, or a constitutively active Rac1 mutant-stimulated cell growth and suppressed Trio, Tiam1, or Ras-induced cell transformation. When applied to human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, it was able to inhibit the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and invasion phenotypes that require the endogenous Rac1 activity. Thus, NSC23766 constitutes a Rac-specific small-molecule inhibitor that could be useful to study the role of Rac in various cellular functions and to reverse tumor cell phenotypes associated with Rac deregulation.
Quantifying size distributions of nanolipoprotein particles with single-particle analysis and molecular dynamic simulations (2008)

Self-assembly of purified apolipoproteins and phospholipids results in the formation of nanometer-sized lipoprotein complexes, referred to as nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs). These bilayer constructs are fully soluble in aqueous environments and hold great promise as a model system to aid in solubilizing membrane proteins. Size variability in the self-assembly process has been recognized for some time, yet limited studies have been conducted to examine this phenomenon. Understanding the source of this heterogeneity may lead to methods to mitigate heterogeneity or to control NLP size, which may be important for tailoring NLPs for specific membrane proteins. Here, we have used atomic force microscopy, ion mobility spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy to quantify NLP size distributions on the single-particle scale, specifically focusing on assemblies with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and a recombinant apolipoprotein E variant containing the N-terminal 22 kDa fragment (E422k). Four discrete sizes of E422k/DMPC NLPs were identified by all three techniques, with diameters centered at approximately 14.5, 19, 23.5, and 28 nm. Computer simulations suggest that these sizes are related to the structure and number of E422k lipoproteins surrounding the NLPs and particles with an odd number of lipoproteins are consistent with the double-belt model, in which at least one lipoprotein adopts a hairpin structure.
Daptomycin (LY146032) for prevention and treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits (1989)

The efficacy of daptomycin (LY146032), a vancomycinlike lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared with that of antibiotics commonly in use for prevention and treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus. S. epidermidis, Streptococcus sanguis, and Enterococcus faecalis were used to establish endocarditis. A single 10-mg/kg dose of daptomycin and a single 25-mg/kg dose of vancomycin were both effective in prevention of endocarditis produced by strains of S. aureus and S. sanguis. Daptomycin was more effective than vancomycin for prevention of endocarditis caused by the strain of S. epidermidis. A single dose of daptomycin also was more effective in prevention of staphylococcal and enterococcal endocarditis than were single-dose regimens of cefazolin (100 mg/kg) and the combination of ampicillin (30 mg/kg) plus gentamicin (3 mg/kg), respectively. For treatment of endocarditis, daptomycin (10 mg/kg) as a single daily dose was as effective as regimens of either vancomycin or beta-lactam antibiotics for staphylococcal and enterococcal endocarditis. Daptomycin, however, was not as effective as a single daily dose of 600,000 U of procaine penicillin for endocarditis caused by the strain of S. sanguis.
Spatial routing of optical beams through time-domain spatial-spectral filtering (1995)

We propose a novel new method of temporal-waveform-controlled high-speed passive spatial routing of optical beams. The method provides for the redirection of optical signals contained within a single input beam into output directions that are specified entirely by temporal information encoded on the waveform of each incident signal. The routing is effected by means of deflection from spectrally structured spatial gratings that may be optically programmed into materials with or without intrinsic frequency selectivity.
Fluorescence and energy transfer near interfaces: The complete and quantitative description of the Eu+3/mirror systems (1975)

The classical electromagnetic description of fluorescent emission and energy transfer in the Eu+3/mirror systems is shown to be in quantitative agreement with the results of eight experimental systems studied by the fatty acid monolayer assembly technique. The emitter lifetime measured as a function of distance from the mirror(s) is found to be consistent with an isotropic spatial orientation for the emitter in all cases; furthermore, it is shown to be exclusively so in most of these cases. Both the quantum yield and the radiative lifetime of the luminescent state of the Eu+3 ion are determined by theoretical fits to the data. Whereas the quantum yield spans a range of 0.69–0.86, the radiative lifetime of the electric dipole transition at 612 nm is nearly constant, as required, with a value of 803±29 μsec. Both the quantitative agreement between theory and experiment and the consistency among the eight experimental systems in predicting the radiative lifetime provide a clear demonstration of the utility of the fatty acid monlayer assembly technique as a method of measurement of emission properties of lunimescent systems and of dielectric properties of surfaces.
Molecular aspects of human lipid metabolism (2001)

The postprandial lipaemic response refers to the changes in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations after consumption of a meal containing more than 15g of long-chain fatty acids. The magnitude and duration of the response have been shown to reflect the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The postprandial triacylglyceride (TAG) response, which is indicative of postprandial lipaemia, is a quantitative trait since the magnitude and duration of the response are related to an individual's genotype and environment. Such environmental factors include, gender, weight, age, fasting lipid concentrations, exercise, alcohol consumption, background diet and the meal consumed to cause the response. This thesis set out to investigate some of the genetic and dietary factors involved in modulating the postprandial TAG response.
Fast solution of electromagnetic integral equations using adaptive wavelet packet transform (1999)

The adaptive wavelet packet transform is applied to sparsify the moment matrices for the fast solution of electromagnetic integral equations. In the algorithm, a cost function is employed to adaptively select the optimal wavelet packet expansion/testing functions to achieve the maximum sparsity possible in the resulting transformed system. The search for the best wavelet packet basis and the moment matrix transformation are implemented by repeated two-channel filtering of the original moment matrix with a pair of quadrature filters. It is found that the sparsified matrix has above-threshold elements that grow only as O(N/sup 1.4/) for typical scatterers. Consequently the operations to solve the transformed moment equation using the conjugate gradient method scales as O(N/sup 1.4/). The additional computational cost for carrying out the adaptive wavelet packet transform is evaluated and discussed.
Glycation of LDL by Methylglyoxal Increases Arterial Atherogenicity (2011)

MG modification of LDL forms small, dense LDL with increased atherogenicity that provides a new route to atherogenic LDL and may explain the escalation of cardiovascular risk in diabetes and the cardioprotective effect of metformin.
Design of Unequal Error Protection LDPC Codes for Higher Order Constellations (2007)

We present an optimization method for unequal error protection (UEP)-LDPC codes with higher order constellations. By modifying the density evolution algorithm under the Gaussian approximation, we propose a flexible code design algorithm for a variable number of protection classes and arbitrary modulation schemes with Gray mapping. Our results show that appropriate code design for higher order constellations reduces the overall bit-error rate. Furthermore, the influence on the UEP capability of the code, that is, the difference in bit-error rate between the protection classes, is investigated.
Effect of Organic Compounds on Reproductive Processes. VI. Alkylating Agents Derived from Various Diamines (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Organic Compounds on Reproductive Processes. VI. Alkylating Agents Derived from Various DiaminesW. A. Skinner, J. Lange, T. E. Shellenberger, and W. T. ColwellCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 949–950Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00317a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine Metabolism and l‐Methyl‐4‐Phenylpyridinium Uptake in Dissociated Cell Cultures from the Embryonic Mesencephalon (1988)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a contaminant found in a synthetic illicit drug, can elicit in humans and monkeys a severe extrapyramidal syndrome similar to Parkinson's disease. It also induces alterations of the dopamine (DA) pathways in rodents. MPTP neurotoxicity requires its enzymatic transformation into 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase followed by its concentration into target cells, the DA neurons. Here, we show that mesencephalic glial cells from the mouse embryo can take up MPTP in vitro, transform it into MPP+, and release it into the culture medium. MPTP is not taken up by neurons from either the mesencephalon or the striatum in vitro (8 days in serum-free conditions). However, mesencephalic neurons in culture revealed a high-affinity uptake mechanism for the metabolite MPP+, similar to that for DA. The affinity (Km) for DA uptake is fivefold higher than that for MPP+ (0.2 and 1.1 microM, respectively), whereas the number of uptake sites for MPP+ is double (Vmax = 25 and 55 pmol/mg of protein/min for DA and MPP+, respectively). Mazindol, a DA uptake inhibitor, blocks the uptake of DA and MPP+ equally well under these conditions. Moreover, by competition experiments, the two molecules appear to use the same carrier(s) to enter DA neurons. Small concentrations of MPP+ are also taken up by striatal neurons in vitro. The amount taken up represented less than 10% of the MPP+ uptake in mesencephalic neurons. Depolarization induced by veratridine released comparable proportions of labeled DA and MPP+ from mesencephalic cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nanorainbows:  Graded Semiconductor Films from Quantum Dots (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNanorainbows: Graded Semiconductor Films from Quantum DotsArif A. Mamedov, Artem Belov, Michael Giersig, Nataliya N. Mamedova, and Nicholas A. KotovView Author Information ChemistryDepartment, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078 Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Abteilung Physikalische Chemie Glienickerstrasse 100, D-15109, Berlin, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 31, 7738–7739Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2001Publication History Received21 March 2001Revised20 May 2001Published online17 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja015857qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja015857qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2105Altmetric-Citations273LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Deposition,Layers,Luminescence,Polyelectrolytes,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Single Site Fluorination of the GM4 Ganglioside Epitope Upregulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation (2018)

Relapsing multiple sclerosis is synonymous with demyelination, and thus, suppressing and or reversing this process is of paramount clinical significance. While insulating myelin sheath has a large lipid composition (ca. 70-80%), it also has a characteristically large composition of the sialosylgalactosylceramide gangliosde GM<sub>4</sub> present. In this study, the effect of the carbohydrate epitope on oligodendrocyte differentiation is determined. While the native epitope had no impact on oligodendroglial cell viability, a single site OH → F substitution is the structural basis of a significant increase in ATP production that is optimal at 50 μg/mL. From a translational perspective, this subtle change increases the amount of MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared to the control studies and may open up novel therapeutic remyelination strategies.
Pathophysiology and Management of Pulmonary Infections in Cystic Fibrosis (2003)

This comprehensive State of the Art review summarizes the current published knowledge base regarding the pathophysiology and microbiology of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). The molecular basis of CF lung disease including the impact of defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein function on airway physiology, mucociliary clearance, and establishment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is described. An extensive review of the microbiology of CF lung disease with particular reference to infection with P. aeruginosa is provided. Other pathogens commonly associated with CF lung disease including Staphylococcal aureus, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and atypical mycobacteria are also described. Clinical presentation and assessment of CF lung disease including diagnostic microbiology and other measures of pulmonary health are reviewed. Current recommendations for management of CF lung disease are provided. An extensive review of antipseudomonal therapies in the settings of treatment for early P. aeruginosa infection, maintenance for patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection, and treatment of exacerbation in pulmonary symptoms, as well as antibiotic therapies for other CF respiratory pathogens, are included. In addition, the article discusses infection control policies, therapies to optimize airway clearance and reduce inflammation, and potential future therapies.
Random mutagenesis by recombinational capture of PCR products in Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1999)

We describe a general method for random mutagenesis of cloned genes by error-prone PCR or DNA shuffling that eliminates the need for post-amplification subcloning following each cycle of mutagenesis. This method exploits the highly efficient and recombinogenic nature of DNA uptake during natural transformation in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Plasmid systems were designed that allow capture of PCR-amplified DNA fragments by marker-replacement recombination with a structurally similar helper plasmid resident in the transformation recipient. This recombination event simultaneously transfers the amplified sequences into the helper plasmid and restores the integrity of a drug resistance gene, thereby affording a direct selection for fragment capture. Although this strategy was sufficiently effective to permit recovery in B. subtilis of up to 10(3) transformants/microgram of PCR product, equivalent plasmid systems were approximately 100 times more efficient in A.calcoaceticus. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus also offers the advantage of essentially constitutive transformation competence in ordinary complex broth, such as LB, in contrast to two-step growth in semi-synthetic media required for optimal transformation of B.subtilis.
Angiotensin‐II increases cytoplasmic calcium, cell number and total DNA for human periodontal ligamental cells in vitro (1999)

The identification and the development of potential growth factors for the cells of the periodontal ligament is an important and novel stratagem for the regeneration of tissue destroyed by periodontal pathogens. The problem is that growth factors are difficult to synthesize, very immunogenic and expensive. The purpose of our study was to determine if angiotensin-II, a naturally occurring octo-peptide with growth-factor like properties in cardiac muscle, could also stimulate cultured human periodontal ligament cells. If angiotensin-II does have growth factor properties, then it should be able to increase cytoplasmic calcium (a secondary messenger associated with mitogenesis) and to increase fibroblast proliferation. Fura-2 fluorescence and aequorin photometry were used to follow changes in cytoplasmic calcium. Cytometry and total amount of DNA were used to measure proliferation evoked by angiotensin-II. We found that angiotensin-II increased cytoplasmic calcium, the total amount of DNA and cell number, suggesting that angiotensin-II has mitogenic properties for cells isolated from human periodontal ligament.
Sudocodes &#2013; Fast Measurement and Reconstruction of Sparse Signals (2006)

Sudocodes are a new scheme for lossless compressive sampling and reconstruction of sparse signals. Consider a sparse signal x isin Ropf <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> containing only K Lt N non-zero values. Sudo-encoding computes the codeword via the linear matrix-vector multiplication y = Phix, with K < M Lt N. We propose a non-adaptive construction of a sparse Phi comprising only the values 0 and 1; hence the computation of y involves only sums of subsets of the elements of x. An accompanying sudodecoding strategy efficiently recovers x given y. Sudocodes require only M = O(Klog(N)) measurements for exact reconstruction with worst-case computational complexity O(Klog(K) log(N)). Sudocodes can be used as erasure codes for real-valued data and have potential applications in peer-to-peer networks and distributed data storage systems. They are also easily extended to signals that are sparse in arbitrary bases
Multiple jets and moving substrates: Jet Vapor Deposition of multicomponent thin films (1994)

We describe the physical basis of Jet Vapor Deposition (JVD), in which sonic, inert gas ‘‘jets in low vacuum’’ are used as vapor sources for depositing films. A ‘‘multiple jet, moving substrate’’ strategy enables deposition of a wide variety of multicomponent, multilayer and ‘‘host–guest’’ materials generated from metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. We show how jet structure, behavior, and vapor transport underlie advantages of JVD such as high rate deposition and flexibility in multicomponent synthesis.