gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Drug Absorption from Small Intestine by Enteric Nervous System I: a Poorly Absorbable Drug Via Passive Diffusion (2004)

To investigate the regulation of drug absorption from the small intestine by the enteric nervous system (ENS), the vascular-luminal perfusion study and the in-vitro transport study were performed by employing phenol red as a poorly absorbable model compound. The effect of ENS on the intestinal absorption of phenol red was examined by adding epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, or bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist into the vascular perfusate in the vascular-luminal perfused rat small-intestine preparation. The viability of the perfused intestine was checked by the recovery of the vascular perfusate, net water flux and absorbability of antipyrine, a well absorbable drug, and it was confirmed that the function of the perfused small-intestine preparation was maintained for at least 1 hr. The effect of epinephrine or bethanechol on the function of the small intestine was recognized as the increase in net water absorption, or the promotion of the water secretion, respectively. These phenomena are ones that are typically observed when adrenergic or cholinergic neuron is stimulated. Then, we investigated the small-intestinal absorption of phenol red in the vascular-luminal perfused preparation. Absorption clearance (CL(abs)) of phenol red was gradually increasing during the perfusion for 1 hr, but the 20-min vascular perfusion with the perfusate containing epinephrine made CL(abs) of phenol red constant and significantly lower than those for control study. Furthermore, after the perfusate was changed with the one without any agonist, again, CL(abs) of phenol red started to increase. These results clearly indicate that the stimulation of adrenergic neuron by epinephrine leads to the decrease in the small-intestinal absorption of phenol red. On the other hand, the vascular perfusion of bethanechol resulted in the increase in CL(abs) of phenol red comparing to the control study. Removing bethanechol from the vascular perfusate decreased CL(abs) of phenol red, again. The in-vitro transport study using the isolated jejunum sheet also showed that epinephrine in the serosal solution significantly decreased the transport of phenol red, which can be ascribed to the paracellular pathway tightened by the action of epinephrine because of the increase in transmucosal electrical resistance (TER). On the other hand, although the effect of bethanechol on both the transport of phenol red and TER was not statistically significant, the transport of phenol red tended to increase and the values of TER are smaller than those of control study.
Reproducibility of quantitative RT-PCR array in miRNA expression profiling and comparison with microarray analysis (2009)

Our studies demonstrated high reproducibility of TaqMan qPCR-array. Comparison between different reverse transcription reactions and qPCR-arrays performed on different days indicated that reverse transcription reactions did not introduce significant variation in the results. The use of cDNA pre-amplification increased the sensitivity of miRNA detection. Although there was variability associated with pre-amplification in low abundance miRNAs, the latter did not involve any systemic bias in the estimation of miRNA expression. Comparison between microarray and qPCR-array indicated superior sensitivity and specificity of qPCR-array.
An advanced robot system for automated diagnostic tasks through palpation (1988)

An approach to the design of a robot system capable of executing complex sensory-motor sequences aimed at gathering data useful for diagnostic purposes is presented. The main features of such a robot system are discussed, and its possible integration in an advanced, interactive expert system for medical diagnosis is considered. As an example of implementation of the concept of a robot system for automated diagnostic tasks, the design characteristics of a tendon-actuated, anthropomorphic finger, incorporating force and position sensors for low-level compliant motion control and skin-like sensors for tactile perception, are outlined. The hierarchical control architecture devised for managing some different diagnostic sensory-motor sequences (subroutines) is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anti‐hapten antibodies in normal sera (1971)

Abstract Many normal human, rabbit and reindeer sera were found to inactivate bacteriophages coupled with synthetic haptens NIP (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenylacetic acid), NP (hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenylacetic acid), DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenol), oxazolone (2‐phenyl‐4‐ethoxy methylene oxazolone) or penicillin G. Evidence was produced indicating that these inactivators are antibodies with specificities roughly as strict as those of early immune antibodies. While most of the phage‐inactivation power was due to 19 S antibodies, 7 S inactivators with chromatographic characteristics of IgG were demonstrated. There were great inter‐individual differences in various anti‐hapten titers. In spite of that, inter‐species differences could also be demonstrated.
Thyroid hormone and hepatic UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity: contrary effects in rat and mouse. (1983)

The administration of tri-iodothyronine (T3) to female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats lowered the basal activity of uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT:EC 2.4.1.17) for bilirubin (Bili) by 75 percent, but dramatically increased the level of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase for p-nitrophenol (UDPGT-PNP) by more than 100 percent. Similar experiments performed in four strains of female mice produced results contrary to those observed in the rat. T3 administered to C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, Swiss-Webster (SW) and CD-1 mice significantly increased hepatic UDPGT-Bili by 28, 69, 79 and 94%, respectively. The increase of UDPGT-Bili in the selected strains was observed to be inversely and linearly proportional to the basal level of enzyme measured in each strain (r = -0.99215; p less than 0.001). Only in the DBA/2J strain was UDPGT-PNP significantly diminished to 66% of control levels, producing a result exactly opposite to that observed in the SD rat; in the other three strains, UDPGT-PNP was not significantly altered.
The interaction of human macrophages and lymphocytes in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated production of interferon (1971)

In studies of 13 normal adults to determine the blood cell types responsible for interferon production induced by phytohemagglutinin, the following observations were made. (a) In cultures containing 96-100% pure macrophages derived from blood monocytes, no interferon was detected in either the presence or the absence of phytohemagglutinin for up to 92 hr. (b) In cultures of 99.5-100% pure lymphocytes, low levels of interferon were detected in the presence, but not in the absence, of phytohemagglutinin. (c) An average fivefold increase in interferon titers occurred when pure lymphocytes were combined with the macrophages in culture with phytohemagglutinin. The peak response of interferon occurred at 68 hr after the initiation of the combined cultures. For maximum response, phytohemagglutinin was required for the duration of the culture, and both cell types in association were necessary. Medium from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated macrophages or lymphocytes could not substitute for the corresponding intact cell. However, frozen-thawed macrophages in combination with lymphocytes and phytohemagglutinin produced an intermediate interferon response. An increase in either cell type produced an increased response in the range studied: lymphocytes, 0.45-1.8 x 10(6) per ml; and macrophages, 0.5-2.1 x 10(5) per ml. Syngeneic fibroblasts, HeLa cells, or mouse macrophages could not substitute for the human macrophages in the combined cultures with phytohemagglutinin. (d) Although all cultures producing interferon showed some degree of transformation (thymidine-(3)H incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid), no direct correlation between the degree of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation and the interferon titers was observed.The demonstration of macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in the production of interferon is of interest in view of the known interrelationship of these same cell types in antibody synthesis and cellular immunity.
Antiepileptic Drugs Increase Plasma Levels of 4β-Hydroxycholesterolin Humans (2001)

The major cholesterol oxidation products in the human circulation are 27-hydroxycholesterol, 24-hydroxycholesterol, and 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol. These oxysterols are formed from cholesterol by specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP27, CYP46, and CYP7A, respectively. An additional oxysterol present in concentrations comparable with 7alpha- and 24-hydroxycholesterol is 4beta-hydroxycholesterol. We now report that patients treated with the antiepileptic drugs phenobarbital, carbamazepine, or phenytoin have highly elevated levels of plasma 4beta-hydroxycholesterol. When patients with uncomplicated cholesterol gallstone disease were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, plasma 4beta-hydroxycholesterol increased by 45%. Ursodeoxycholic acid, as well as the antiepileptic drugs, are known to induce cytochrome P450 3A. Recombinant CYP3A4 was shown to convert cholesterol to 4beta-hydroxycholesterol, whereas no conversion was observed with CYP1A2, CYP2C9, or CYP2B6. The concentration of 4alpha-hydroxycholesterol in plasma was lower than the concentration of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol and not affected by treatment with the antiepileptic drugs or ursodeoxycholic acid. Together, these data suggest that 4beta-hydroxycholesterol in human circulation is formed by a cytochrome P450 enzyme.
Gene Therapy with an Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Expressing Human Interleukin-2 Alters Immune System Homeostasis in Humanized Mice (2017)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) serve as vectors for in vivo gene delivery in both mice and humans, and have broad applicability for the treatment of genetic diseases. Clinical trials with AAV vectors have demonstrated promise and safety in several human diseases. However, the in vivo validation of novel AAV constructs expressing products that act specifically on human cells and tissues is limited by a paucity of effective translatable models. Humanized mice that are engrafted with human cells, tissues, and immune systems offer strong potential to test the biological effectiveness of AAV vectors on human cells and tissues. Using the BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) humanized NOD-scid Il2rg<sup>null</sup> (NSG) mouse model, which enables efficient development of HLA-restricted effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs), we have evaluated the delivery and function of human interleukin (IL)-2 by an AAV vector. Humanized mice treated with an AAV vector expressing human IL-2 showed a significant and sustained increase in the number of functional human FOXP3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> Tregs. The expression of human IL-2 did not significantly change the levels or activation status of conventional T-cell subsets. Numbers of activated human natural killer cells were also increased significantly in humanized mice treated with the IL-2 vector. These data recapitulate observations in clinical trials of IL-2 therapy and collectively show that humanized mouse models offer a translational platform for testing the efficacy of AAV vectors targeting human immune cells.
Recombinant human interleukin 5 is a selective activator of human eosinophil function. (1988)

Human rIL-5 was found to selectively stimulate morphological changes and the function of human eosinophils. This molecule is thus a prime candidate for the selective eosinophilia and eosinophil activation seen in disease.
Blood pressure and ageing (2007)

Isolated systolic hypertension, an elevation in systolic but not diastolic pressure, is the most prevalent type of hypertension in those aged 50 or over, occurring either de novo or as a development after a long period of systolic-diastolic hypertension with or without treatment. The increase in blood pressure with age is mostly associated with structural changes in the arteries and especially with large artery stiffness. It is known from various studies that rising blood pressure is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the elderly, the most powerful predictor of risk is increased pulse pressure due to decreased diastolic and increased systolic blood pressure. All evidence indicates that treating the elderly hypertensive patient will reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, there is no evidence yet for the very elderly. This population is particularly susceptible to side effects of treatments and the reduction of blood pressure, although reducing the risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke, may result in increased mortality.
A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold (1951)

J. Turkevich, P. C. Stevenson and J. Hillier, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1951, 11, 55 DOI: 10.1039/DF9511100055
Senescence and senotherapeutics: a new field in cancer therapy (2018)

Cellular senescence is a stress response mechanism ensuring homeostasis. Its temporal activation during embryonic development or normal adult life is linked with beneficial properties. In contrast, persistent (chronic) senescence seems to exert detrimental effects fostering aging and age-related disorders, such as cancer. Due to the lack of a reliable marker able to detect senescence in vivo, its precise impact in age-related diseases is to a large extent still undetermined. A novel reagent termed GL13 (SenTraGor<sup>TM</sup>) that we developed, allowing senescence recognition in any type of biological material, emerges as a powerful tool to study the phenomenon of senescence in vivo. Exploiting the advantages of this novel methodological approach, scientists will be able to detect and connect senescence with aggressive behavior in human malignancies, such as tolerance to chemotherapy in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. The latter depicts the importance of developing the new and rapidly expanding field of senotherapeutic agents targeting and driving to cell death senescent cells. We discuss in detail the current progress of this exciting area of senotherapeutics and suggest its future perspectives and applications.
Further Consideration of the Pigmented Lesion Assay—Reply (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Thermal Conductance and Thermopower of an Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube (2005)

We have observed experimentally that the thermal conductance of a 2.76-microm-long individual suspended single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was very close to the calculated ballistic thermal conductance of a 1-nm-diameter SWCNT without showing signatures of phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering for temperatures between 110 and 300 K. Although the observed thermopower of the SWCNT can be attributed to a linear diffusion contribution and a constant phonon drag effect, there could be an additional contact effect.
Principles of Population Genetics. (1990)

Genetic and Phenotypic Variation.- Organisation of Genetic Variation.- Random Genetic Drift.- Mutation and the Neutral Theory.- Darwinian Selection.- Inbreeding, Population Subdivision, and Migration.- Molecular Population Genetics.- Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics.- Population Genomics.- Human Population Genetics.
Sensor and classifier fusion for outdoor obstacle detection: an application of data fusion to autonomous off-road navigation (2004)

This paper describes an approach for using several levels of data fusion in the domain of autonomous off-road navigation. We are focusing on outdoor obstacle detection, and we present techniques that leverage on data fusion and machine learning for increasing the reliability of obstacle detection systems. We are combining color and IR imagery with range information from a laser range finder. We show that in addition to fusing data at the pixel level, performing high level classifier fusion is beneficial in our domain. Our general approach is to use machine learning techniques for automatically deriving effective models of the classes of interest (obstacle and non-obstacle for example). We train classifiers on different subsets of the features we extract from our sensor suite and show how different classifier fusion schemes can be applied for obtaining a multiple classifier system that is more robust than any of the classifiers presented as input. We present experimental results we obtained on data collected with both the Experimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) and a CMU developed robotic vehicle.
A prospective, randomised, controlled study examining binaural beat audio and pre‐operative anxiety in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day case surgery* (2005)

Pre-operative anxiety is common and often significant. Ambulatory surgery challenges our pre-operative goal of an anxiety-free patient by requiring people to be 'street ready' within a brief period of time after surgery. Recently, it has been demonstrated that music can be used successfully to relieve patient anxiety before operations, and that audio embedded with tones that create binaural beats within the brain of the listener decreases subjective levels of anxiety in patients with chronic anxiety states. We measured anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and compared binaural beat audio (Binaural Group) with an identical soundtrack but without these added tones (Audio Group) and with a third group who received no specific intervention (No Intervention Group). Mean [95% confidence intervals] decreases in anxiety scores were 26.3%[19-33%] in the Binaural Group (p = 0.001 vs. Audio Group, p < 0.0001 vs. No Intervention Group), 11.1%[6-16%] in the Audio Group (p = 0.15 vs. No Intervention Group) and 3.8%[0-7%] in the No Intervention Group. Binaural beat audio has the potential to decrease acute pre-operative anxiety significantly.
Viable Three-Dimensional Medical Microwave Tomography: Theory and Numerical Experiments (2009)

Three-dimensional microwave tomography represents a potentially very important advance over 2D techniques because it eliminates associated approximations which may lead to more accurate images. However, with the significant increase in problem size, computational efficiency is critical to making 3D microwave imaging viable in practice. In this paper, we present two 3D image reconstruction methods utilizing 3D scalar and vector field modeling strategies, respectively. Finite element (FE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithms are used to model the electromagnetic field interactions in human tissue in 3D. Image reconstruction techniques previously developed for the 2D problem, such as the dual-mesh scheme, iterative block solver, and adjoint Jacobian method are extended directly to 3D reconstructions. Speed improvements achieved by setting an initial field distribution and utilizing an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) FDTD are explored for 3D vector field modeling. The proposed algorithms are tested with simulated data and correctly recovered the position, size and electrical properties of the target. The adjoint formulation and the FDTD method utilizing initial field estimates are found to be significantly more effective in reducing the computation time. Finally, these results also demonstrate that cross-plane measurements are critical for reconstructing 3D profiles of the target.
Routing and Channel Assignment in Multi-Channel Multi-Hop Wireless Networks with Single-NIC Devices (2004)

In this paper, we present a routing and channel assignment protocol for multi-channel multi-hop wireless networks. We consider a multi-hop network, where a mobile host may connect to an access point using multi-hop wireless routes, via other mobile hosts or wireless routers. Also, we consider a multi-channel network where multiple non-overlapping (orthogonal) channels are available, and each host or router can dynamically select a channel to improve performance. In this environment, we propose a multi-channel routing protocol that works with nodes (mobile hosts or wireless routers) equipped with a single NIC (network interface card). Supporting single NIC devices is beneficial because having multiple network interface can be costly for small and cheap devices. Using the proposed protocol, nodes discover multiple routes to multiple access points possibly operating on different channels. Based on the traffic load information, each node selects the “best” route to an access point, and stays on the channel where the access point is on. With this behavior, the protocol balances load across the channels, thus removing hot spots and improving channel utilization. The channel assignment does not cause network partitions, assuring that if a path exists from a node to an access point, the node finds a route to an access point, where all the intermediate nodes and the destination are operating on the same channel. Our simulation results that the proposed protocol successfully adapts to changing traffic conditions and improves performance over a single-channel protocol and a protocol with random channel assignment.
Perturbation of Cell Cycle Progression and Cellular Gene Expression as a Function of Herpes Simplex Virus ICP0 (1999)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 is capable of inhibiting host cell DNA synthesis following lytic infection. However, the mechanism and nature of potential effects on cell cycle progression have not been described. In this report, we characterize the dysregulation of the cell cycle following infection with the replication-incompetent virus d106, where immediate-early gene expression is restricted to infected-cell polypeptide 0 (ICP0) and the expression of all other viral genes is dramatically reduced or is not observed. Infection with d106 resulted in the accumulation of cells in both the G(1)/S and G(2)/M compartments, consistent with cell cycle arrest at both checkpoints. The isogenic variant d109, which does not express any viral proteins, failed to induce this phenotype, suggesting that the expression of ICP0 is crucial for cell cycle arrest. Analysis of global cellular gene expression patterns following infection with d106 and d109 revealed that a relatively small subset of cellular genes were induced as a consequence of ICP0 expression. A number of these genes induced in the presence of ICP0 are classically considered p53-responsive genes, including p21, gadd45, and mdm-2. However, infection with d106 of cells with both alleles of p53 deleted resulted in the same cell cycle arrest phenotype and similar cellular gene expression patterns, suggesting that the expression of ICP0 results in cell cycle arrest potentially via p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. In addition, it was found that the effects of infection with d106 on viral and cellular gene expression were similar to the effects observed following treatment of cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A.