gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional integral imaging with large depth of focus by use of real and virtual image fields (2003)

We present an integral imaging method to enhance the depth of a three-dimensional image by displaying it throughout real and virtual image fields. When the product of depth and resolution square of the displayed three-dimensional image is used as a figure of merit in integral imaging systems, our method can maximize this merit especially when three-dimensional images with large depth of focus are displayed. The feasibility of our method is experimentally demonstrated by generation of elemental images by a computer.
Constitutive Activation of STAT5 and Bcl-XL Overexpression Can Induce Endogenous Erythroid Colony Formation in Human Primary Cells. (2005)

Abstract In contrast with secondary erythrocytosis, progenitor cells from polycythemia vera (PV) patients can undergo in vitro erythroid differentiation despite absence of erythropoietin (EPO) and presence of such endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) is routinely used as a diagnostic assay. Recent focus on the JAK2 mutation V617F in PV patients argue for a direct implication of JAK2 dependent signaling pathways in EEC formation. Because STAT5 is the principal target of JAK2 in erythroid cells, we investigated whether EEC formation was only dependent on STAT5 activation or required other signaling pathways that would be activated by JAK2. For this purpose, we transduced a retroviral vector coding for a constitutively active form of STAT5 (MIGR-STAT5CA) in UT7 cells, a leukemic cell line with erythroid properties. We observed in cells transduced with the MIGR-STAT5CA vector a spontaneous induction of erythroid differentiation in comparison with cells infected with the empty vector MIGR, as assessed by GPA staining. We next investigated effects of STAT5CA on erythroid differentiation of human primary progenitors. Purified CD34+ cells obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of patients treated with G-CSF were transduced with the STA5CA vector, the CD36+/GPA− erythroid progenitor cells were sorted and cultured in presence of SCF alone. When expressing STAT5CA, they both proliferate and undergo erythroid terminal differentiation despite the absence of EPO. We concluded that a phosphorylated form of STAT5 was sufficient to support in vitro erythroid differentiation of human primary cells. Because STAT5 has been shown to play a crucial role in erythropoiesis via induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, we next investigated whether effects of STAT5CA on erythroid maturation was dependent on Bcl-xL induction. Tansduction of human CD36+/GPA− cells with a retrovirus containing the coding sequence of human Bcl-xL progenitors allowed survival, proliferation and GPA acquisition despite the absence of EPO. We next investigated whether STAT5CA or Bcl-xL overexpression in normal primary cells could reproduce the malignant phenotype observed in PV patients, i.e. induction of EEC formation. CD36+/GPA− transduced with either the STAT5 CA or the Bcl-XL vectors were plated in methylcellulose in the absence of EPO. Bcl-xL as well as STAT5CA vectors could both induce endogenous erythroid colony formation. Regardless to these results, we hypothesized that the EEC formation observed in myeloproliferative disorders could be at least partially due to the JAK2 dependent activation of the STAT5/Bcl-XL pathway. Thus, both constitutive activation of STAT5 and Bcl-xL overexpression could substitute to EPO to induce terminal differentiation of human primary erythroid progenitors.
Authentication for distributed systems (1992)

A number of protocols used to authenticate users, hosts and processes are described. The three main types of authentication in a distributed computing system-message content authentication, message origin authentication, and general identity authentication-are explained. Authentication exchanges are identified, and paradigms of authentication protocols are presented. Authentication protocol failures are addressed, and an authentication framework is provided. As case studies, two authentication services, Kerberos and SPX, are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of A+B=K conditions without carry propagation (1992)

The response time of parallel adders is mainly determined by the carry propagation delay. The evaluation of conditions of the type A+B=K is addressed. Although an addition is involved in the comparison, it is shown that it can be evaluated without carry propagation, thus drastically reducing the computation time. Dependencies produced by branches degrade the performance of pipelined computers. The evaluation of conditions is often one of the critical paths in the execution of branch instructions. A circuit is proposed for the fast evaluation of A+B=K conditions that can significantly improve processor performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single base extension (SBE) with proofreading polymerases and phosphorothioate primers: improved fidelity in single-substrate assays (2003)

Model single base extension (SBE) genotyping reactions with individual deoxy-, dideoxy- and acyclonucleoside triphosphates are monitored by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Three non-proofreading DNA polymerases display remarkably high misincorporation (up to 64% of correct incorporation) when extending primers with single substrates at saturating concentrations. Introduction of one phosphorothioate (PS) linkage into the primer 3' terminus reduces misincorporation by these enzymes an average 1.4-fold (range 0- to 3.5-fold) versus correct incorporation. Combined use of 3'-PS primers with strongly proofreading DNA polymerases yields order of magnitude improvements in SBE fidelity over those produced by the equivalent non-proofreading enzymes. Errors are reduced to below MALDI-TOF detectable levels in almost all cases. The Sp diastereomer of the 3'-PS primer, which can be prepared in situ by incubation with proofreading polymerase, is stable to 3'-exonuclease activity over periods longer than 16 h. Products of correct extension by T7 DNAP are retained over 30-60 min during idling turnover at a dNTP concentration of 2.5 micro M, indicating that the assay can be applied over a broad range of substrate concentrations. These results suggest that the use of PS primers and proofreading polymerases will offer a simple and cost-effective means to improve fidelity in a range of single-substrate SBE assay formats.
A new cellular model of response to estrogens: a bioluminescent test to characterize (anti) estrogen molecules. (1990)

With the aim of quickly and easily characterizing new estrogen or anti-estrogen molecules, we developed a cellular model in which estrogenic action can be detected by bioluminescence. This model is based on MCF-7 cells stably transfected with a receptor gene which allows expression of the firefly luciferase enzyme under control of the estrogen regulatory element of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene. A stably transfected cell line (cultured for more than eight months without loss of the chimeric estrogenic response) was established by cotransfection of a neomycin resistance gene and cloning under selective pressure. Subcloning luminescent clones was accomplished by using a single-photon detecting camera. This cellular model allowed the study of an estrogenic activity either in whole-cell or in cell-free experiments by detection of the induced luciferase. Estradiol induced the luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner at subnanomolar concentrations. The induced luciferase activity reached a maximum level as early as 24 hours after the cells were incubated with estradiol. The antiestrogen 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen inhibited the luciferase activity induced by estradiol. The cross-reactivity of ligands, such as dexamethasone, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, calcitriol, oxysterol and retinoic acid, were also studied, showing an estradiol specificity for a 24-hour incubation time.
A Single Cell Maximum Power Point Tracking Converter without a Current Sensor for High Performance Vehicle Solar Arrays (2006)

A maximum power tracker is developed for a single high performance GaAs solar cell to reduce the impact of variations in cell illumination for highly curved arrays as required for vehicle applications. This solution also finds applications in concentrating photovoltaic systems where the incident energy may vary due to optical imperfections. On a curved array, each cell has a directly connected tracker that operates autonomously. An examination of the switching ripple performance of a large number of series connected asynchronous converters is made. The tracker uses a highly efficient 600 mW buck converter operating at 20 kHz with a synchronous rectifier. A dedicated MSP340 processor is capable of the total converter control task. Operating at 1.8 V the controller can be directly powered by the cell. A charge pump is used to develop gate drive voltages for the converter MOSFETs. A maximum power tracking algorithm based on observations of cell voltage and converter duty cycle is demonstrated. The load power may be maximized by maximizing the converter average output voltage. An interior voltage loop is used to control cell voltage and assists in securing a 1.5 mS response to illumination changes
Assessment of specificity of eight chemical inhibitors using cDNA-expressed cytochromes P450 (2000)

1. The selectivity of eight chemical inhibitors has been extensively evaluated with 10 cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP). The results indicate that sulphaphenazole, quinidine and alpha-naphthoflavone are selective inhibitors of CYP2C9 (IC50 = 0.5-0.7 microM), CYP2D6 (0.3-0.4 microM) and CYP1A (0.05-5 microM) respectively on the basis of the IC50, which are much lower than those of other P450 isoforms (> 10-fold). 2. Ketoconazole exhibited potent inhibition of both CYP3A4-catalysed metabolism of phenanthrene, testosterone, diazepam (IC50 = 0.03-0.5 microM) and CYP1A1-catalysed deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin (0.33 microM). The selectivity of ketoconazole for other P450s was highly related to the concentration used. 3. Diethyldithiocarbamate, orphenadrine and furafylline were shown separately to be less selective inhibitors of CYP2E1, CYP2B6 and CYP1A isoforms by a broad range of IC50 that overlap those observed with other P450 isoforms. 4. Furafylline, quinidine and alpha-naphthoflavone activated CYP3A4-catalysed phenanthrene metabolism by 1.7-, 2- and 15-fold respectively. 5. The selectivity of orphenadrine and ketoconazole was further examined by using inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Inhibitory MAb specific for the individual P450 isoforms may be of greater value than chemical inhibitors.
Multitone signals with low crest factor (1986)

Using some results from the recent mathematics literature, we show how to generate signals with perfect low-pass or bandpass spectra which have very low crest factors (under 6 dB). An application to multitone frequency response testing is given.
Transdermal methimazole treatment in cats with hyperthyroidism (2003)

The objectives of this study were to assess serum thyroxine concentrations and clinical response in hyperthyroid cats to treatment with transdermal methimazole, and to determine if further investigation is indicated. Clinical and laboratory data from 13 cats with hyperthyroidism were retrospectively evaluated. Methimazole (Tapazole, Eli Lilly) was formulated in a pleuronic lecithin organogel (PLO)-based vehicle and was applied to the inner pinna of the ear at a dosage ranging from 2.5mg/cat q 24h to 10.0mg/cat q 12h. During the treatment period, cats were re-evaluated at a mean of 4.3 weeks (recheck-1), and again at a mean of 5.4 months (recheck-2). Clinical improvement was observed, and significant decreases in thyroxine concentrations were measured at recheck-1 (mean: 39.57nmol/L, SEM: 14.4, SD: 41.2) and recheck-2 (mean: 36.71nmol/L, SEM: 13.9, SD: 45.56) compared to pretreatment concentrations (mean: 97.5nmol/L, SEM: 11.42, SD: 39.5). No adverse effects were reported.
Partial acid hydrolysis of cellulosic materials as a pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis (1980)

Abstract Partial acid hydrolysis was studied as a per treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis, such a pretreatment was carried out in a continuous flow reactor on oak corn Stover, newsprint, and Solka Floc at temperatures ranging from 160 to 220°C, acid concentration ranging from 0 to 1.2%, and a fixed treatment time of 0.22 min. The resulting slurries and solids were than hydrolyzed with Trichoderma ressei QM 9414 cellulase at 50°C for 48 hr. For all substrates except Solka Floc, increased glucose yields were achieved during enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated materials as compared to hydrolysis of the original substrate. In several cases, after pretreatment, 100° of the potential glucose content of the substrate was converted to glucose after 24hr of enzymatic hydrolysis. It is felt that the increased glucose yields achieved after this pretreatment are due to acid's removal of hemicellulose, reduced degree of polymerization, and possibly due to a change in the crystal structure of the cellulose.
Resuscitating Cancer Immunosurveillance: Selective Stimulation of DLL1-Notch Signaling in T cells Rescues T-cell Function and Inhibits Tumor Growth (2011)

Deficiencies in immune function that accumulate during cancer immunoediting lead to a progressive escape from host immunosurveillance. Therapies that correct or overcome these defects could have a powerful impact on cancer management, but current knowledge of the types and mechanisms of immune escape is still incomplete. Here, we report a novel mechanism of escape from T-cell immunity that is caused by reduction in levels of the Delta family Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL4 in hematopoietic microenvironments. An important mediator of this effect was an elevation in the levels of circulating VEGF. Selective activation of the DLL1-Notch signaling pathway in bone marrow precursors enhanced T-cell activation and inhibited tumor growth. Conversely, tumor growth led to inhibition of Delta family ligand signaling through Notch in the hematopoietic environment, resulting in suppressed T-cell function. Overall, our findings uncover a novel mechanism of tumoral immune escape and suggest that a soluble multivalent form of DLL1 may offer a generalized therapeutic intervention to stimulate T-cell immunity and suppress tumor growth.
Collaborative Filtering on a Budget (2010)

Matrix factorization is a successful technique for building collaborative filtering systems. While it works well on a large range of problems, it is also known for requiring significant amounts of storage for each user or item to be added to the database. This is a problem whenever the collaborative filtering task is larger than the medium-sized Netflix Prize data. In this paper, we propose a new model for representing and compressing matrix factors via hashing. This allows for essentially unbounded storage (at a graceful storage / performance trade-off) for users and items to be represented in a pre-defined memory footprint. It allows us to scale recommender systems to very large numbers of users or conversely, obtain very good performance even for tiny models (e.g. 400kB of data suffice for a representation of the EachMovie problem). We provide both experimental results and approximation bounds for our compressed representation and we show how this approach can be extended to multipartite problems.
Biosynthesis of Complex Polyketides in a Metabolically Engineered Strain of E. coli (2001)

The macrocyclic core of the antibiotic erythromycin, 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6dEB), is a complex natural product synthesized by the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea through the action of a multifunctional polyketide synthase (PKS). The engineering potential of modular PKSs is hampered by the limited capabilities for molecular biological manipulation of organisms (principally actinomycetes) in which complex polyketides have thus far been produced. To address this problem, a derivative of Escherichia coli has been genetically engineered. The resulting cellular catalyst converts exogenous propionate into 6dEB with a specific productivity that compares well with a high-producing mutant of S. erythraea that has been incrementally enhanced over decades for the industrial production of erythromycin.
Identification, analysis, and prediction of protein ubiquitination sites (2009)

Ubiquitination plays an important role in many cellular processes and is implicated in many diseases. Experimental identification of ubiquitination sites is challenging due to rapid turnover of ubiquitinated proteins and the large size of the ubiquitin modifier. We identified 141 new ubiquitination sites using a combination of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and mutant yeast strains. Investigation of the sequence biases and structural preferences around known ubiquitination sites indicated that their properties were similar to those of intrinsically disordered protein regions. Using a combined set of new and previously known ubiquitination sites, we developed a random forest predictor of ubiquitination sites, UbPred. The class-balanced accuracy of UbPred reached 72%, with the area under the ROC curve at 80%. The application of UbPred showed that high confidence Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase substrates and proteins with very short half-lives were significantly enriched in the number of predicted ubiquitination sites. Proteome-wide prediction of ubiquitination sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that highly ubiquitinated substrates were prevalent among transcription/enzyme regulators and proteins involved in cell cycle control. In the human proteome, cytoskeletal, cell cycle, regulatory, and cancer-associated proteins display higher extent of ubiquitination than proteins from other functional categories. We show that gain and loss of predicted ubiquitination sites may likely represent a molecular mechanism behind a number of disease-associatedmutations. UbPred is available at http://www.ubpred.org.
Expression Cloning (1990)

Expression cloning is a technique whereby you isolate a molecular clone encoding a protein that can be either selected or assayed for. Molecules of this type include selectable markers and oncogenes, as well as cytokines (Wong et al., 1985) and membrane proteins including cell-surface antigens (Aruffo and Seed, 1987) and cellular receptors (D'Andrea et al., 1989).
Induction of neostriatal neurogenesis slows disease progression in a transgenic murine model of Huntington disease (2007)

Ependymal overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates neuronal addition to the adult striatum, from subependymal progenitor cells. Noggin, by suppressing subependymal gliogenesis and increasing progenitor availability, potentiates this process. We asked whether BDNF/Noggin overexpression might be used to recruit new striatal neurons in R6/2 huntingtin transgenic mice. R6/2 mice injected with adenoviral BDNF and adenoviral Noggin (AdBDNF/AdNoggin) recruited BrdU(+)betaIII-tubulin(+) neurons, which developed as DARPP-32(+) and GABAergic medium spiny neurons that expressed either enkephalin or substance P and extended fibers to the globus pallidus. Only AdBDNF/AdNoggin-treated R6/2 mice harbored migrating doublecortin-defined neuroblasts in their striata, and the new neurons expressed p27 as a marker of mitotic quiescence after parenchymal integration. AdBDNF/AdNoggin-treated R6/2 mice sustained their rotarod performance and open-field activity and survived longer than did AdNull-treated and untreated controls. Neither motor performance nor survival improved in R6/2 mice treated only with AdBDNF, and intraventricular infusion of the mitotic inhibitor Ara-C completely blocked the performance and survival effects of AdBDNF/AdNoggin, suggesting that the benefits of AdBDNF/AdNoggin derived from neuronal addition. Thus, BDNF and Noggin induced striatal neuronal regeneration, delayed motor impairment, and extended survival in R6/2 mice, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy in Huntington disease.
A Facile, Efficient Synthesis of 2-substituted-4-Hydroxy- 2-cyclopenten-1-ones (1986)

4-​Bromocyclopentenones I [R = Br, R1 = H, Me, MeO2CCH2, MeO2C(CH2)​6] underwent solvolysis in refluxing H2O or H2O-​dioxane to give 63-​71​% I (R = HO, R1 = same)​. Similarly, 41-​57​% I (R = MeO, R1 = same) were were obtained by solvolysis of I (R = Br) in refluxing MeOH.
Protein‐reactive, molded polystyrene surfaces having applications to immunoassay formats (1987)

Abstract Injection‐molded polystyrene surfaces were chemically modified rendering them protein reactive. The process involves chlorosulfonation of the aromatic ring, sulfonamide formation with excess di‐ and triamines, and reaction of the residual pendant amines with various bifunctional molecules. Surfaces possessing pendant bromoacetyl, iodoacetyl, fluorodinitrophenyl, and trimellitic anhydride were prepared and can exhibit up to ten times more protein immobilization capability compared to unfunctionalized polystyrene, where the coupling takes place presumably via hydrophobic interaction.
New topology for more efficient AC/DC converters for future offshore wind farms (2004)

Abstract — The concept of a novel soft-switching AC/DC con-verter is applied for use in future offshore wind farms. A voltage source converter with capacitive snubbers and cycloconverters, connected via a medium frequency AC bus, promises substantial benefits. This paper presents this new topology and describes its principle of operation. Furthermore, a comparison with state-of-the-art adjustable speed generators reveals the potential of this new concept. I.
Characteristics Of The Deformable Mirror Device For Optical Information Processing (1983)

A new two-dimensional, fast, analog, electrically addressable, silicon-based membrane spatial light modulator (SLM) has been developed for optical information processing applications. This SLM, the deformable mirror device (DMD), consists of a 128x128 array of deformable mirror elements addressed by an underlying array of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors. Coherent light reflected from the mirror elements is phase modulated producing an optical Fourier transform of an analog signal input to the device. The DMD architecture and operating parameters related to this application are presented. A model is developed that describes the optical Fourier transform properties of the DMD. The calculated peak first-order diffraction efficiency of 8.2% is in good agreement with the value of 8.4% obtained from experimental optical Fourier transform measurements.
Six-degree-of-freedom haptic simulation of organ deformation in dental operations (2012)

Six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) haptic rendering is challenging when multi-region contacts occur between the graphic avatar of a haptic tool operated by a human user, which we call the graphic tool, and deformable objects. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for deformation modeling based on a spring-sphere tree representation of deformable objects and a configuration-based constrained optimization method for determining the 6-dimensional configuration of the graphic tool and the contact force/torque response to the tool. This method conducts collision detection, deformation computation, and tool configuration optimization very efficiently based on the spring-sphere tree model, avoids inter-penetration, and maintains stability of haptic display without using virtual coupling. Experiments on typical dental operations are carried out to validate the efficiency and stability of the proposed method. The update rate of the haptic simulation loop is maintained at ~1kHz.