gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2 Regenerative Procedures—Guided Tissue Regeneration and Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft—in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A Clinical and Radiographic Study (1998)

The purpose of this study was to compare clinically and radiographically the effectiveness of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), using a bioabsorbable polylactic acid softened with citric acid ester barrier and commercially available demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the treatment of 2- and 3-wall intrabony defects. Twelve patients each with one treated defect comprised each group. Conservative treatment was completed 2 to 4 months prior to surgery. Clinical measurements, plaque index, gingival index, probing depths (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL) and recession (REC), were comparable in both groups at baseline. They were repeated at 12 months. Surgical measurements were also comparable at baseline in both groups. In the GTR group, at baseline the mean distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and base of the defect was 12.3 +/- 2.9 mm and in the DFDBA group 11.3 +/- 1.8 mm. The defect depth was 6.3 +/- 2.0 mm and 5.4 +/- 1.3 mm, respectively. Radiographs were taken at baseline and 12 months later and compared using non-standardized digital subtraction radiography. In the GTR group, mean PD decreased from 7.9 +/- 2.5 mm to 3.5 +/- 1.4 mm and mean CAL from 10.8 +/- 2.8 mm to 7.0 +/- 1.6 mm, the differences being statistically significant (P = 0.002), while REC increased from 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm to 3.5 +/- 1.1 mm. In the DFDBA group, mean PD decreased from 7.1 +/- 1.1 mm to 3.5 +/- 1.1 mm and mean CAL from 9.8 +/- 1.5 mm to 6.6 +/- 1.7 mm (P = 0.002), while REC increased from 2.8 +/- 1.0 mm to 3.1 +/- 1.2 mm. No significant differences were found when the clinical results of the 2 groups were compared. Radiographic differences between the baseline and reconstructed images 12 months later were observed in both groups. Mean crestal bone resorption was 15.3 +/- 22.5% in the GTR group and 10.4 +/- 31.8% in the DFDBA group, and mean improvement in the distance between the CEJ and the base of the defect was 22.8 +/- 18.1% in the GTR group and 15.3 +/- 13.6% in the DFDBA group. However, the mean improvement in the intrabony depth was larger in the GTR group (71.9 +/- 29.1%) than in the DFDBA group (35.4 +/- 21.6%) (P = 0.007). In conclusion, within the limits of this study, both regenerative procedures were beneficial in treating intrabony defects. No statistical significant differences were observed between the 2 groups, with the exception of radiographic defect resolution which was significantly greater in the GTR group.
Potent Derivatives of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with Pharmacokinetic Properties Suitable for Once Daily Administration (2000)

A series of very potent derivatives of the 30-amino acid peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is described. The compounds were all derivatized with fatty acids in order to protract their action by facilitating binding to serum albumin. GLP-1 had a potency (EC(50)) of 55 pM for the cloned human GLP-1 receptor. Many of the compounds had similar or even higher potencies, despite quite large substituents. All compounds derivatized with fatty acids equal to or longer than 12 carbon atoms were very protracted compared to GLP-1 and thus seem suitable for once daily administration to type 2 diabetic patients. A structure-activity relationship was obtained. GLP-1 could be derivatized with linear fatty acids up to the length of 16 carbon atoms, sometimes longer, almost anywhere in the C-terminal part without considerable loss of potency. Derivatization with two fatty acid substituents led to a considerable loss of potency. A structure-activity relationship on derivatization of specific amino acids generally was obtained. It was found that the longer the fatty acid, the more potency was lost. Simultaneous modification of the N-terminus (in order to obtain better metabolic stability) interfered with fatty acid derivatization and led to loss of potency.
Gemeinschaftsarbeiten der DGF, 60. Mitteilung. Deutsche Einheitsmethoden zur Untersuchung von Fetten, Fettprodukten und verwandten Stoffen, 45. Mitt.: Analyse von Wachsen und Wachsprodukten X (1974)

Abstract Nachstehend wird die Definition des Wachsbegriffes zur Kenntnis gebracht, die von der Fachgruppe „Wachse”︁ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft erarbeitet und zur Aufnahme in die „Einheitsmethoden”︁ verabschiedet worden ist. Es handelt sich um die Überarbeitung des in der 53. Mitt. 1 zur Diskussion gestellten Entwurfes.
Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. (1990)

The promoter region of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene has a putative NF-kappa B-binding site. We found that a fragment of the IL-6 promoter containing the site specifically binds highly purified NF-kappa B protein and the NF-kappa B protein in nuclear extracts of phorbol ester-induced Jurkat cells. Mutations of the NF-kappa B site abolished complex formation with both purified NF-kappa B and the nuclear extract protein. Transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) plasmids containing the IL-6 promoter revealed very little activity of the promoter in U-937 monocytic cells and in HeLa cells before stimulation. However, stimulation of U-937 and HeLa cells by inducers of NF-kappa B led to a dramatic increase in CAT activity. Mutations in the NF-kappa B-binding site abolished inducibility of IL-6 promoter-cat constructs in U-937 cells by lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, the double-stranded RNA poly(IC), or phytohemagglutinin and in HeLa cells by tumor necrosis factor alpha and drastically reduced but did not completely eliminate inducibility in HeLa cells stimulated by double-stranded RNA poly(IC) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. These results suggest that NF-kappa B is an important mediator for activation of the IL-6 gene by a variety of IL-6 inducers in both U-937 and HeLa cells and that alternative inducible enhancer elements contribute in a cell-specific manner to IL-6 gene induction. Because NF-kappa B is involved in the control of a variety of genes activated upon inflammation, NF-kappa B may play a central role in the inflammatory response to infection and tissue injury.
The effects of timing jitter on the performance of impulse radio (2003)

Impulse radio is a promising ultra-wideband technique for tactical military communications. Key features of time-hopping impulse radio are the very narrow pulses used to convey information. Analysis of such time-hopping schemes under a variety of assumptions have been reported in the literature. However, none of these studies to date consider the effects of timing jitter on time-hopping in a UWB setting. In this paper we consider the effects of timing jitter on the performance of binary and 4-ary UWB communications. We find that the performance of impulse radio is very sensitive to timing jitter, at least in part due to the very narrow pulses. We also find that for our detection performance criteria, the 4-ary PPM system outperforms binary offset PPM at all jitter levels in thermal and pulse noise. However, the benefit of 4-ary PPM relative to the offset binary case is diminished with increased timing jitter at these same levels.
Lipid Bilayer Microarray for Parallel Recording of Transmembrane Ion Currents (2007)

This paper describes a multiwell biochip for simultaneous parallel recording of ion current through transmembrane pores reconstituted in planar lipid bilayer arrays. Use of a thin poly(p-xylylene) (parylene) film having micrometer-sized apertures (phi=15-50 microm, t=20 microm) led to formation of highly stable bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) for incorporation of transmembrane pores; thus, a large number of BLMs could be arrayed without any skillful technique. We optically confirmed the simultaneous formation of BLMs in a 5x5 matrix, and in our durability test, the BLM lasted more than 15 h. Simultaneous parallel recording of alamethicin and gramicidin transmembrane pores in multiple contiguous recording sites demonstrated the feasibility of high-throughput screening of transmembrane ion currents in artificial lipid bilayers.
Diastereoselective Additions of Allylmetal Reagents to Free and Protected syn-α,β-Dihydroxyketones Enable Efficient Synthetic Routes to Methyl Trioxacarcinoside A (2012)

Two routes to the 2,6-dideoxysugar methyl trioxacarcinoside A are described. Each was enabled by an apparent α-chelation-controlled addition of an allylmetal reagent to a ketone substrate containing a free α-hydroxyl group and a β-hydroxyl substituent, either free or protected as the corresponding di-tert-butylmethyl silyl ether. Both routes provide practical access to gram quantities of trioxacarcinose A in a form suitable for glycosidic coupling reactions.
The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. IV. Atomic coordinates, hydrogen bonding, and quaternary structure. (1975)

The coordinates of the individual non-hydrogen atoms of the lectin concanavalin A have been determined from the molecular model at 2.0-A resolution and have been adjusted to make them consistent with the known stereochemistry of the constituent amino acid residues. From the coordinates, an analysis has been made of all intra- and intersubunit interactions in the molecule, yielding a description of the hydrogen-bonded structure of the monomer, including two extensive pleated sheet structures and other features of the folding of the polypeptide chain. The description of the noncovalent bonding is extended to include the interactions involved in stabilization of the dimeric and tetrameric structures of the molecule. The complete description of the molecular structure provides a basis for analysis of the biological activities of concanavalin A.
The interspinous method of posterior atlantoaxial arthrodesis (1991)

Thirty-six patients underwent C1-2 posterior wiring and fusion procedures over a 5-year period for unstable C-2 fractures (eight cases), unstable atlas-axis combination fractures (six cases), rheumatoid C1-2 instability (14 cases), os odontoideum (four cases), traumatic C1-2 ligamentous instability (three cases), or instability secondary to a C-2 tumor (one case). In each case, the atlantoaxial arthrodesis utilized sublaminar wire at C-1 and incorporated an iliac-crest strut-graft positioned between the posterior arches of C-1 and C-2, held in place by securing wire around the base of the spinous process of the axis. Follow-up examination was performed in all patients after a mean postoperative duration of 33.7 months. The technical aspects and clinical merits of this fusion procedure, which led to a 97% union rate (one nonunion) and minimal morbidity and mortality rates, are presented.
Tissue culture of the organ of Corti. (1993)

In 1975, Sobkowicz et al. (1) described long-term organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti of the newborn mouse. This paper provides detailed methods for dissection and maintenance of the isolated organ of Corti with its corresponding segment of spiral ganglion in culture. Descriptions and illustrations of cellular characteristics of the developing organ are carefully documented. The work is based on 19 years of experience and over one thousand cultures. Review of the literature and the application of the technique to research on the inner ear are provided.
Cell cycle regulation of a Xenopus Wee1-like kinase. (1995)

Using a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy, we have isolated a gene encoding a Wee1-like kinase from Xenopus eggs. The recombinant Xenopus Wee1 protein efficiently phosphorylates Cdc2 exclusively on Tyr-15 in a cyclin-dependent manner. The addition of exogenous Wee1 protein to Xenopus cell cycle extracts results in a dose-dependent delay of mitotic initiation that is accompanied by enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc2. The activity of the Wee1 protein is highly regulated during the cell cycle: the interphase, underphosphorylated form of Wee1 (68 kDa) phosphorylates Cdc2 very efficiently, whereas the mitotic, hyperphosphorylated version (75 kDa) is weakly active as a Cdc2-specific tyrosine kinase. The down-modulation of Wee1 at mitosis is directly attributable to phosphorylation, since dephosphorylation with protein phosphatase 2A restores its kinase activity. During interphase, the activity of this Wee1 homolog does not vary in response to the presence of unreplicated DNA. The mitosis-specific phosphorylation of Wee1 is due to at least two distinct kinases: the Cdc2 protein and another activity (kinase X) that may correspond to an MPM-2 epitope kinase. These studies indicate that the down-regulation of Wee1-like kinase activity at mitosis is a multistep process that occurs after other biochemical reactions have signaled the successful completion of S phase.
A common variant in combination with a nonsense mutation in a member of the thioredoxin family causes primary ciliary dyskinesia (2007)

Thioredoxins belong to a large family of enzymatic proteins that function as general protein disulfide reductases, therefore participating in several cellular processes via redox-mediated reactions. So far, none of the 18 members of this family has been involved in human pathology. Here we identified TXNDC3, which encodes a thioredoxin-nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as a gene implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections, left-right asymmetry randomization, and male infertility. We show that the disease, which segregates as a recessive trait, results from the unusual combination of the following two transallelic defects: a nonsense mutation and a common intronic variant found in 1% of control chromosomes. This variant affects the ratio of two physiological TXNDC3 transcripts: the full-length isoform and a novel isoform, TXNDC3d7, carrying an in-frame deletion of exon 7. In vivo and in vitro expression data unveiled the physiological importance of TXNDC3d7 (whose expression was reduced in the patient) and the corresponding protein that was shown to bind microtubules. PCD is known to result from defects of the axoneme, an organelle common to respiratory cilia, embryonic nodal cilia, and sperm flagella, containing dynein arms, with, to date, the implication of genes encoding dynein proteins. Our findings, which identify a another class of molecules involved in PCD, disclose the key role of TXNDC3 in ciliary function; they also point to an unusual mechanism underlying a Mendelian disorder, which is an SNP-induced modification of the ratio of two physiological isoforms generated by alternative splicing.
Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. (2000)

Ninety volunteers in a media organization were randomly allocated to an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, n = 30) group that sought to enhance people's ability to cope with work-related strain, an Innovation Promotion Program (IPP, n = 30) that helped individuals to identify and then innovatively change causes of occupational strain, or a waitlist control group (n = 30). Both interventions lasted 9 hr, spread over 3 months. Improvements in mental health and work-related variables were found following both interventions. As hypothesized, changes in outcome variables in the ACT condition were mediated only by the acceptance of undesirable thoughts and feelings. In the IPP condition, outcome change was mediated only by attempts to modify stressors. Discussion focused on the importance of understanding the mechanisms underpinning change in occupational stress management interventions.
Conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleosides built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template with a fixed Southern conformation. Synthesis and antiviral activity (1997)

The construction of carbocyclic nucleosides with a fixed 3E ring pucker in the Southern hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle is achieved from a common precursor carbocyclic amine, (1S,3S,4R,5 S )-3-benzyloxy-4-benzyloxymethyl-1-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 20. This carbocyclic amine is efficiently assembled from optically pure 2-benzyloxymethylcyclopent-3-enol 11 in ten steps. The key cyclopropanation step is performed on (3R,4S )-1-cyano-4-benzyloxy-3-(benzyloxymethyl)cyclopentane 15, and proceeds regio- and stereo-selectively to give the critical cyanocarbocyclic intermediate 17 from which the amine 20 is subsequently obtained. Synthesis of the pyrimidine analogues 6–8 is accomplished via the intermediate acyclic acryloylureas 21 and 22. Preparation of purines 9 and 10 required prior N-formylation of the corresponding 4,6-dichloro-5-aminopyrimidine and 4,6-dichloro-2,5-diaminopyrimidine heterocyclic precursors for efficient coupling with amine 20. Except for (S)-2′-deoxy-methanocarba-A (9, the 2′-deoxyadenosine analogue), all Southern conformers appear to be devoid of antiviral activity.
Identification and Partial Characterization of the Pectin Methyltransferase “Homogalacturonan-Methyltransferase” from Membranes of Tobacco Cell Suspensions1 (1998)

Abstract A membrane preparation from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells contains at least one enzyme that is capable of transferring the methyl group fromS-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to the C6 carboxyl of homogalacturonan present in the membranes. This enzyme is named homogalacturonan-methyltransferase (HGA-MT) to distinguish it from methyltransferases that catalyze methyletherification of the pectic polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II. A trichloroacetic acid precipitation assay was used to measure HGA-MT activity, because published procedures to recover pectic polysaccharides via ethanol or chloroform:methanol precipitation lead to high and variable background radioactivity in the product pellet. Attempts to reduce the incorporation of the 14C-methyl group from SAM into pectin by the addition of the alternative methyl donor 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were unsuccessful, supporting the role of SAM as the authentic methyl donor for HGA-MT. The pH optimum for HGA-MT in membranes was 7.8, the apparent Michaelis constant for SAM was 38 μm, and the maximum initial velocity was 0.81 pkat mg−1 protein. At least 59% of the radiolabeled product was judged to be methylesterified homogalacturonan, based on the release of radioactivity from the product after a mild base treatment and via enzymatic hydrolysis by a purified pectin methylesterase. The released radioactivity eluted with a retention time identical to that of methanol upon fractionation over an organic acid column. Cleavage of the radiolabeled product by endopolygalacturonase into fragments that migrated as small oligomers of HGA during thin-layer chromatography, and the fact that HGA-MT activity in the membranes is stimulated by uridine 5′-diphosphate galacturonic acid, a substrate for HGA synthesis, confirms that the bulk of the product recovered from tobacco membranes incubated with SAM is methylesterified HGA.
Electrical properties of boron-doped p–SiGeC grown on n−–Si substrate (2000)

Electrical properties of fully strained boron-doped Si0.90−yGe0.10Cy/n−–Si grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition have been investigated as a function of carbon content (0.2%–1.5%), using the variable temperature (25–650 K) Hall-effect technique. The results of Hall-effect measurements show that the Si substrate and the SiGeC/Si interfacial layer affect significantly the electrical properties of the SiGeC epitaxial layer. Thus, a three-layer conducting model has been used to extract the carrier concentration and mobility of the SiGeC layer alone. At room temperature, the hole carrier concentration decreases from 6.8×1017 to 2.4×1017 cm−3 and the mobility decreases from 488 to 348 cm2/V s as the carbon concentration increases from 0.2% to 1.5%. The boron activation energy increases from 20 to 50 meV as C increases from 0.2% to 1.5% with an increment of 23 meV per atomic % of C.
Increased levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are of cardiac origin in acute coronary syndrome (2007)

Elevated levels of IL-6, hs-CRP and MMP-9 provide a link between inflammation, matrix degradation and the development and progression of ACS. IL-6 and MMP-9 appear to be released mainly from vulnerable plaque or necrotic myocardium during the acute phase of MI.
Silencing of P2Y2 receptor delays Ap4A-corneal re-epithelialization process. (2009)

The application of P2Y(2)-R siRNA has demonstrated the role of this receptor in the accelerating effect of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) on the corneal wound healing process.
SVD-based on-line exercise ECG signal orthogonalization (1999)

An orthogonalization method to eliminate unwanted signal components in standard 12-lead exercise electrocardiograms (ECG's) is presented in this work. A singular-value-decomposition-based algorithm is proposed to decompose the signal into two time-orthogonal subspaces; one containing the ECG and the other containing artifacts like baseline wander and electromyogram. The method makes use of redundancy in 12-lead ECG. The same method is also tested for reconstruction of a completely lost channel. The online implementation of the method is given. It is observed that the first two decomposed channels with highest energy are sufficient to reconstruct the ST-segment and J-point. The dimension of the signal space, on the other hand, does not exceed three. Data from 23 patients, with duration ranging from 9 to 21 min, are used.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes‐Containing Conjugated Polymer Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles with Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Functionalization for HER2‐Positive Cancer Cell Detection (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)‐containing conjugated polymer (CP) and the polymer loaded poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic‐acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with surface antibody functionalization for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive cancer cell detection are reported. Due to the steric hindrance of POSS, NPs prepared from POSS‐containing CP show improved photoluminescence quantum yield as compared to that for the corresponding linear CP encapsulated NPs. In addition, the amount of ‐NH 2 groups on NP surface is well‐controlled by changing the molar ratio of poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic‐acid)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA‐ b ‐PEG‐NH 2 ) to PLGA‐OCH 3 during NP formulation. Further conjugation of the NH 2 ‐functionalized CP NPs with trastuzumab (Herceptin) yields NPs with fine‐tuned protein density. These NPs are able to discriminate SKBR‐3 breast cancer cells from MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells both on substrate and in suspension by taking advantage of the specific binding affinity between trastuzumab and HER2 overexpressed in SKBR‐3 breast cancer cell membrane. The high quantum yield and fine‐tuned surface specific protein functionalization make the POSS‐containing CP loaded NPs a good candidate for targeted biological imaging and detection.