gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Use of Citrulline in Cardiovascular Disease (2006)

L-citrulline is the natural precursor of L-arginine, substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the production of NO. Supplemental administration L-arginine has been shown to be effective in improving NO production and cardiovascular function in cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular disease and ischemia-reperfusion injury, but the beneficial actions do not endure with chronic therapy. Substantial intestinal and hepatic metabolism of L-arginine to ornithine and urea by arginase makes oral delivery very ineffective. Additionally, all of these disease states as well as supplemental L-arginine enhance arginase expression and activity, thus reducing the effectiveness of L-arginine therapy. In contrast, L-citrulline is not metabolized in the intestine or liver and does not induce tissue arginase, but rather inhibits its activity. L-citrulline entering the kidney, vascular endothelium and other tissues can be readily converted to L-arginine, thus raising plasma and tissue levels of L-arginine and enhancing NO production. Supplemental L-citrulline has promise as a therapeutic adjunct in disease states associated with L-arginine deficiencies.
Biomarker detection in the integration of multiple multi-class genomic studies (2009)

Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Salmonella acid shock proteins are required for the adaptive acid tolerance response (1991)

Salmonella typhimurium, as well as other enteric bacteria, experiences significant fluctuations in H+ ion concentrations during growth in diverse ecological niches. In fact, some pH conditions which should kill cells rapidly, such as stomach acidity, are nevertheless tolerated. The complete mechanism for this tolerance is unknown. However, I have recently demonstrated that S. typhimurium has the ability to survive extreme low pH (pH 3.0 to 4.0) if first adapted to mild pH (pH 5.5 to 6.0). This phenomenon has been referred to as the acidification tolerance response (ATR). The exposure to mild acid is referred to as preshock, and the proteins involved are called preshock ATR proteins. A second type of encounter with acid, called acid shock, involves shifting cells directly from alkaline conditions (pH 7.7) to acid conditions (pH 4.5 or below). During acid shock, the organism immediately ceases reproduction and dramatically changes the expression of at least 52 proteins. All but four are distinct from the preshock ATR proteins. Surprisingly, acid shock alone did not afford significant protection against strong acid challenge in minimal medium. Furthermore, inhibiting protein synthesis prior to acid shock revealed that the acid shock proteins do not appear to contribute to acid survival in minimal medium even at pH 4.3. Constitutive cellular pH homeostatic mechanisms seem sufficient to protect cells at this pH. The data suggest that the induction of acid shock and preshock ATR proteins are separate processes requiring separate signals. However, for S. typhimurium to survive extreme acid conditions, it must induce both the preshock and acid shock systems. Preventing the expression of one or the other eliminates acid tolerance. I propose a two-stage process that allows S. typhimurium to phase in acid tolerance as the environmental pH becomes progressively more acidic.
The Use of Film Nonlinearities in Optical Spatial Filtering (1970)

Optical data-processing systems that use spatial filters for detecting two-dimensional signals are usually arranged so that the data are placed in a space domain and the signals to be detected are placed in a frequency domain as holographically recorded Fourier transforms. We propose to interchange the roles of the data and the signal by introducing the data into the system as a Fourier transform hologram and by placing the signal in the space plane. Furthermore, the nonlinear behavior of the film used to record the Fourier transform hologram can be used to good advantage. These modifications combine to give a system that (1) acts as an adaptive filtering system because the noise suppression part of the matched filter is based on a specific noise sample rather than on averages of many noise samples, (2) is less sensitive to the position of the element that must be changed to perform a search for the scale or orientation of the signal, and (3) may reduce the aberrations that are sometimes caused by spatial carrier-frequency functions. Experimental results support the theoretical conclusions.
Purification of major glucosinolates from Brassicaceae seeds and preparation of isothiocyanate and amine metabolites (2006)

Abstract Consumption of Brassica vegetables containing glucosinolates is associated with decreased risk of cancer at several tissue sites. Studies of the relative potency and metabolism of the major dietary isothiocyanates have been hindered by limited availability of high‐purity isothiocyanates and their glucosinolate precursors. We describe a simple procedure for the preparation of glucosinolates sinigrin, gluconapin, progoitrin, glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin and gluconasturtiin from vegetable seeds. Glucosinolates were extracted from the seeds of mustard, oilseed, broccoli, cauliflower and winter cress. Purification by preparative anion exchange and reversed‐phase column chromatography gave the pure glucosinolates. Good separation was achieved without using ion‐pair reagents. Related isothiocyanates and amine degradation products were prepared by myrosinase‐catalysed hydrolysis of the corresponding glucosinolate and by organic synthesis, respectively. The compounds were characterized by analytical HPLC, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Optimized conditions for detection and quantitation of these glucosinolates and metabolites by LC‐MS/MS are also given. Large‐scale glucosinolate preparation could be performed, giving amounts suitable for pharmacological evaluation in vivo . These methods will facilitate studies of the pharmacological activity and metabolism of dietary glucosinolates. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Accelerated healing of chronic sickle-cell leg ulcers treated with RGD peptide matrix. RGD Study Group (1994)

Abstract Leg ulcers are a chronic manifestation of sickle-cell disease (SCD) and are often painful, disabling, and difficult to treat. RGD peptide matrix treatment is a novel therapy designed to provide a topical synthetic extracellular matrix that can act as a temporary substitute for the damaged natural matrix at the ulcer site. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, multicenter investigation, SCD patients with full-thickness leg ulcers were treated with standard therapy plus RGD peptide matrix or saline placebo once weekly for up to 10 weeks. Healing in patients with chronic ulcers (2 months or greater in duration) was significantly accelerated (P = .0085) in RGD peptide matrix recipients compared with the placebo group. In these chronic ulcer cases, the average percent ulcer closure (decrease in ulcer surface area) in the RGD peptide matrix group (54.4% +/- 8.9%) exceeded that in the placebo group (19.0% +/- 24.3%) nearly threefold by study endpoint. Furthermore, RGD peptide matrix was equally effective in promoting healing of long persistent ulcers and ulcers of shorter duration. In contrast, standard therapy plus placebo was significantly less effective (P = .001) in promoting healing for ulcers of progressively greater duration. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that RGD peptide matrix treatment may significantly accelerate healing of chronic sickle-cell leg ulcers.
Quantum-well intermixing for optoelectronic integration using high energy ion implantation (1995)

The technique of ion-induced quantum-well (QW) intermixing using broad area, high energy (2–8 MeV As4+) ion implantation has been studied in a graded-index separate confinement heterostructure InGaAs/GaAs QW laser. This approach offers the prospect of a powerful and relatively simple fabrication technique for integrating optoelectronic devices. Parameters controlling the ion-induced QW intermixing, such as ion doses, fluxes, and energies, post-implantation annealing time, and temperature are investigated and optimized using optical characterization techniques such as photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and absorption spectroscopy.
The role of synphilin-1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. (2006)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the commonest neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and the appearance of Lewy bodies (LBs), whose cytoplasmic inclusions are highly enriched with ubiquitin, synphilin-1, alpha-synuclein and parkin. Synphilin-1 is an alpha-synuclein-binding protein and a major component of LBs. It is widely accepted that synphilin-1 is involved in the pathogenic process of PD. This review will provide an overall view of the role of synphilin-1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and the latest findings in this field.
349. GM-CSF / IL-2 Fusion Transgene Is More Potent Than GM-CSF and IL-2 in Combination and Is Dependent upon CD8 and NK Cells for Antitumor Effect (2004)

We have previously reported the engineering of a mouse GM-CSF and IL-2Fusion Transgene, or GIFT. The cDNA encoding the two cytokines was successfully cloned in frame as confirmed by sequencing analysis. B16 murine melanoma cells were gene modified using amphotropic retrovectors to express the bicistronic constructs encoding GIFT, GM-CSF or IL-2 and the GFP reporter. Our previous work demonstrated that: i) the GIFT gene product is present in the supernatant of gene-modified B16 cells, ii) the GIFT gene product is bi-functional, and iii) when GIFT is expressed by live B16 cells, the cells are promptly rejected in syngeneic hosts in a immune dependent manner.
Bilateral cataract and high serum ferritin: a new dominant genetic disorder? (1995)

This paper reports the cosegregation in a three generation pedigree of dominantly inherited cataract with an abnormally high level of serum ferritin. In this family, circulating L ferritin was raised in all subjects affected by cataract independently of iron overload. We suggest that a disorder of ferritin metabolism could be a new genetic disorder leading to lens opacity. Cataract-hyperferritaemia syndrome could also be a new contiguous gene syndrome involving the L ferritin gene and the gene coding for the lens membrane protein (MP19), which both map to the same region of chromosome 19q.
Rapid Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (1997)

Rapid induction of VEGF gene expression after transient MCA occlusion was demonstrated at both mRNA and protein levels. Cortical neurons and pial cells were the source of VEGF production in this model, but the temporal profiles of the induction between these cells were different. The early but dissociative induction of VEGF between neuronal and pial cells suggests different roles of the protein in their cells after transient MCA occlusion.
Mutagenesis of the NS3 Protease of Dengue Virus Type 2 (1998)

The flavivirus protease is composed of two viral proteins, NS2B and NS3. The amino-terminal portion of NS3 contains sequence and structural motifs characteristic of bacterial and cellular trypsin-like proteases. We have undertaken a mutational analysis of the region of NS3 which contains the catalytic serine, five putative substrate binding residues, and several residues that are highly conserved among flavivirus proteases and among all serine proteases. In all, 46 single-amino-acid substitutions were created in a cloned NS2B-NS3 cDNA fragment of dengue virus type 2, and the effect of each mutation on the extent of self-cleavage of the NS2B-NS3 precursor at the NS2B-NS3 junction was assayed in vivo. Twelve mutations almost completely or completely inhibited protease activity, 9 significantly reduced it, 14 decreased cleavage, and 11 yielded wild-type levels of activity. Substitution of alanine at ultraconserved residues abolished NS3 protease activity. Cleavage was also inhibited by substituting some residues that are conserved among flavivirus NS3 proteins. Two (Y150 and G153) of the five putative substrate binding residues could not be replaced by alanine, and only Y150 and N152 could be replaced by a conservative change. The two other putative substrate binding residues, D129 and F130, were more freely substitutable. By analogy with the trypsin model, it was proposed that D129 is located at the bottom of the substrate binding pocket so as to directly interact with the basic amino acid at the substrate cleavage site. Interestingly, we found that significant cleavage activity was displayed by mutants in which D129 was replaced by E, S, or A and that low but detectable protease activity was exhibited by mutants in which D129 was replaced by K, R, or L. Contrary to the proposed model, these results indicate that D129 is not a major determinant of substrate binding and that its interaction with the substrate, if it occurs at all, is not essential. This mutagenesis study provided us with an array of mutations that alter the cleavage efficiency of the dengue virus protease. Mutations that decrease protease activity without abolishing it are candidates for introduction into the dengue virus infectious full-length cDNA clone with the aim of creating potentially attenuated virus stocks.
Picosecond pulses from an optically pumped ribbon-whisker laser (1980)

Picosecond pulses have been generated by an optically pumped GaAs laser. The laser consisted of a Zn-doped single-crystal GaAs ribbon whisker 1–2 μm thick sandwiched between highly reflecting dielectric mirrors, thus forming a cavity 5–7 μm long, with a round-trip time of 0.08 ps. Output pulses as short as 1 ps were measured by means of a sum-frequency cross correlation technique.
Review: Ex Vivo Engineering of Living Tissues with Adult Stem Cells (2006)

Adult stem cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine with their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes. This review examines progress and challenges in ex vivo tissue engineering with adult stem cells. These rare cells are harvested from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose, skeletal muscle, and placenta, and differentiate into cells of their own lineage and in some cases atypical lineages. Insight into the stem cell niche leads to the identification of matrix components, soluble factors, and physiological conditions that enhance the ex vivo amplification and differentiation of stem cells. Scaffolds composed of metals, naturally occurring materials, and synthetic polymers organize stem cells into complex spatial groupings that mimic native tissue. Cell signals from covalently bound ligands and slowly released regulatory factors in scaffolds direct stem cell fate. Future advances in stem cell biology and scaffold design will ultimately improve the efficacy of tissue substitutes as implants, in research, and as extracorporeal devices.
Incorporating object analysis and design into a structured information systems development life cycle (1993)

An object approach to information system development should be incorporated into the structured system design life cycle (SDLC) during the analysis and design phases. The tools of the structured approach (data flow diagrams, data structures, data stores, etc.) help to identify the relationships that exist between the data stores and the entities (objects) within an information system. This is only a starting point at which the IS developer further evaluates me informational needs that are required within the information system. A listing of the data structures is generated to assodate the specific data elements that comprise each data structure. A series of logical steps (normalization) can be used to remove the redundancy and inflexibility within each data structure. The end result of the nonhalization process is the generation of an entity-relationship diagram (E-R diagram). The E-R diagram can be used as a reference point in which to apply a series of objed oriented analysis and design steps to insure that information coUeded on objeds throughout the organization is properly integrated into the SDLC. A revised diagram is subsequently used to modify the data flow diagrams which will be the basis for the design of the new system. Thus, the objed approach to information system development is an integral component of the structured system design life cyde.
Plasma C‐peptide, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins and risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case‐control study: The Japan public health center‐based prospective study (2007)

The physical inactivity and obesity involved in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia is supposed to lead to an increased bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The carcinogenic effect of IGF-I may be influenced by IGF binding proteins. We investigated the association between plasma levels of C-peptide, a surrogate biomarker of insulin, IGFBP-1, IGF-I or IGFBP-3, and the risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study. During an 11.5-year follow-up, 375 newly diagnosed colorectal cancers were identified in a cohort of 38,373 adults who had returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples. Two matched-controls for each case were selected from the cohort. The odds ratio (OR) of colorectal cancer for plasma levels of each protein was estimated using the conditional logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounding factors. We observed a statistically significant association of plasma C-peptide with colorectal cancer only in men. The ORs were 1.0, 2.3, 2.8 and 3.2 along with quartiles (p trend, 0.0072). The association was stronger in colon cancer (p trend, 0.025) than in rectal cancer (p trend, 0.24). Other peptides were not associated with the risk in either men or women. The results did not change when repeatedly analyzed by tumor invasion levels, tumor sites or follow-up periods. In conclusion, a higher plasma C-peptide may indicate a subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men.
Effect of time, temperature and anticoagulants on in vitro complement activation: consequences for collection and preservation of samples to be examined for complement activation. (1988)

The effects of time, temperature, ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), citrate and heparin on in vitro complement activation were examined in enzyme immuno assays (EIA) for detection of C3 activation products and the terminal complement complex (TCC). In vitro complement activation occurred during coagulation since baseline concentrations of activation products were considerably higher in serum than in plasma. EDTA was more efficient than citrate and heparin in inhibiting in vitro activation. Minimal activation was observed in all preparations when samples were kept at 4 degrees C for up to ten days, whereas a very rapid increase in activation products occurred even in EDTA plasma when the temperature was elevated. Based on the data obtained, guidelines for the collection and preservation of samples to be examined for complement activation are given.
Enhanced SO2 abatement with water‐hydrated dolomitic particles (1997)

Abstract A dolomitic calcine was hydrated with liquid water and then recalcined as an effective sorbent toward SO 2 removal. The hydrated/recalcined sorbent was tested for SO 2 removal in a thermogravimetric analyzer under conditions applicable to an atmospheric fluidized‐bed combustor: 1,123 K, 20 vol. % excess air, and 3,000 ppmv SO 2 . Specific pore surface areas and volumes of hydrated/recalcined dolomites, hydrated at 80°C for 1 h, increased by four and five times, respectively, compared to unhydrated dolomitic calcines. Due to these improved pore characteristics, the SO 2 capture achieved by the hydrated/recalcined calcine, was 1.3–1.6 times higher than that of the unhydrated one after a 1‐h exposure to SO 2 concentrations of 0.11–0.31 vol. % at 1,073–1,173 K. In the hydrated/recalcined calcine CaO utilization was enhanced due to the absence of significant pore diffusional limitations, at least during the early reaction times, evidenced by the high apparent activation energy of 198 kJ/mol. On the contrary, the lower CaO utilization in the unhydrated calcine was presumably due to severe pore diffusional limitations, which dropped the apparent activation energy from 149 to 85 kJ/mol at &gt; 1,123 K.
Research on a New Additive for Preventing Hob Failure Caused by Water in Cutting Oil (1985)

When water is mixed into the cutting oil for hobbing, it is found that a small quantity (1 15%) of water in cutting oil gives rise to a big failure of cutting edge in particular at a high speed cutting of 159m/min, which is bigger than the damage caused by a large quantity of water mixed in the cutting oil or 100% water. The detrimental influence of water in cutting oil can be completely prevented by the addition of a small amount of a low grade alcohol; both hob wear and roughness of finished surface obtained with the oil to which alcohol is added are smaller than those obtained only with the oil; n-propyl alcohol is the most effective for preventing the detrimental influence of water in cutting oil and it is advantageous in that it has a wide range of adequate quantities.
Novel cloning vectors for Bacillus thuringiensis (1990)

Seven replication origins from resident plasmids of Bacillus thuringienis subsp. kurstaki HD263 and HD73 were cloned in Escherichia coli. Three of these replication origins, originating from plasmids of 43, 44, and 60 MDa, were used to construct a set of compatible shuttle vectors that exhibit structural and segregational stability in the Cry- strain B. thuringiensis HD73-26. These shuttle vectors, pEG597, pEG853, and pEG854, were designed with rare restriction sites that permit various adaptations, including the construction of small recombinant plasmids lacking antibiotic resistance genes. The cryIA(c) and cryIIA insecticidal crystal protein genes were inserted into these vectors to demonstrate crystal protein production in B. thuringiensis. Introduction of a cloned cryIA(c) gene from strain HD263 into a B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain exhibiting good insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua resulted in a recombinant strain with an improved spectrum of insecticidal activity. Shuttle vectors of this sort should be valuable in future genetic studies of B. thuringiensis as well as in the development of B. thuringiensis strains for use as microbial pesticides.
PREVENTION OF RHEUMATIC FEVER (1950)

The prevention of acute rheumatic fever by the prompt treatment of streptococcic infections with penicillin has been attempted in this study. The results obtained show that this attempt was successful, and, because of their importance, these results are presented here in a preliminary report. The significance of an adequate means of prevention may be realized when it is considered that rheumatic fever develops in an estimated 200,000 to 250,000 persons in the general population of the United States yearly.<sup>1</sup>Figures for the Armed Services similarly show a high incidence, with an average of 7,300 cases annually for the seven year period from 1942 through 1948.<sup>2</sup>The gravity of the disease itself is emphasized by the estimate of Paul that at least 460,000 persons in the country today have rheumatic heart disease.<sup>3</sup>Not only is rheumatic fever a menace to health, but it is also a serious economic