gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limitation of Religious Freedom to Conform to the Standards of an Open and Democratic Society (2009)

One has freedom of religion, not freedom from religion. This claim is common, but it rests on a misunderstanding of what real freedom of religion entails. The most important thing to remember is that freedom of religion, if it is going to apply to everyone, also requires freedom from religion. Why is that? One does not truly have the freedom to practice one's religious belief if one is not also required to adhere to any of the religious beliefs or rules of other religious. Freedom from religion does not mean, as some mistakenly seem to claim, being free from seeing religion in society. No one has the right not to see churches, religious expression, and other examples of religious belief in the nation, and those who advocate freedom of religion do not claim otherwise. What freedom from religion does mean, however, is the freedom from rules and dogmas of other people's religious beliefs so that people can be free to follow the demands of their own conscience, whether they take a religious form or not. Thus they have both freedom of religion and freedom from religion because they are two sides of the same coin.
Multichannel SHF DAMA System (1983)

The Multichannel Super High Frequency (SHF) Demand Assigned Time Division Multiple Access (DAMA) System is a TRI-TAC modem and tandem switch that provides for allocating and sharing DSCS II and III satellite resources for digital communications in a more efficient and flexible manner. It is planned for installation in TACSATCOM vehicular terminals of the Ground Mobile Forces. DAMA is being developed by Raytheon Company under contract to the US Army Satellite Communications Agency. The program has successfully completed Advanced Development and is pointing towards an IOC in 1992. The DAMA system will replace the preassigned FDMA modem equipment in the AN/TSC-85A and-93A terminals, now being fielded. It will increase tenfold the capacity of these terminals for handling precedence theatre traffic at 99% grade of service, both secure voice and secure data, while providing direct, maximized connectivity-thereby avoiding busy nodes and allowing all calls to be single hop-and implementing decentralized control. It will provide increased survivability and mobility, and reduce logistic support requirements. DAMA requires an operator only a few minutes for initial set up, which includes timing acquisition and ranging (frame synchronization) and entry of the terminal into the network. Thereafter it operates unattended, and he is needed only for any required corrective maintenance. Operator interface is via keyboard, display, and printer. The Full Scale Engineering Development (FSED) system will consist of two 40" high standard 19" racks of militarized equipment containing ten chassis and weighing 787 lbs. This replaced 15 chassis of FDMA equipment weighing 937 1bs.
Interleukin-1–Receptor Antagonist in the Muckle–Wells Syndrome (2003)

To the Editor: Studies of hereditary inflammatory disorders have identified novel genes and pathways that may be involved in inflammation and apoptosis generally. Mutations in one such gene, variou...
Articulated arms for measuring; their distortions and calibration (2012)

The nearest references for analysing articulated arms as measurement instruments are the robots; these last are ordinarily analysed for operations of power, for dynamic purposes, or for intelligent tasks like the avoidance of obstacles; but rarely are analyzed as distorted and deformable devices. Problems of inverse kinematics involved in robotics are augmented, when small distortions of joints, arms or encoders are necessary to know for assuring their accuracy in the level of micrometers. When a whole map of their errors is defined, numerical corrections of measures are possible to apply. This work proposes models describing their distortions, and strategies to define them throughout simulated calibrations, numerical techniques and physical tests.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in the adults (LADA) in Asia: from pathogenesis and epidemiology to therapy (2012)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. An effect of this process is chronic hyperglycaemia with disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and with long-term complications of diabetes including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of autoimmune diabetes that resembles Type 1 diabetes (T1D), however, it shows a later onset and slower progression towards insulin necessity. Epidemiological studies suggest that LADA may account for 2-12% of all cases of diabetes in adult population. The epidemiology and phenotypic characteristics of LADA may vary between Caucasian and Asian diabetic patients as lifestyle, food habits and body mass index differ between these two populations. Data on LADA from population-based studies in Asia are sparse and only few studies have looked at it. A number of attractive therapeutic interventions may be envisaged for prevention of beta-cell loss in LADA, including hypoglycaemic and immunomodulatory agents. Because the autoimmune process in LADA seems to be slower than in childhood T1D, there is a wider window of opportunities for intervention. In deciding the best therapeutic approach, features of LADA should guide therapy including presence of other comorbidities that may influence the therapeutic choice.
Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase by Cell-Based Timp-3 Gene Transfer Effectively Treats Acute and Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2011)

After a myocardial infarction (MI), an increase in the cardiac ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) relative to their inhibitors (TIMPs) causes extracellular matrix modulation that leads to ventricular dilatation and congestive heart failure. Cell therapy can mitigate these effects. In this study, we tested whether increasing MMP inhibition via cell-based gene transfer of Timp-3 further preserved ventricular morphometry and cardiac function in a rat model of MI. We also measured the effect of treatment timing. We generated MI (coronary artery ligation) in adult rats. Three or 14 days later, we implanted medium (control) or vascular smooth muscle cells transfected with empty vector (VSMCs) or Timp-3 (C-TIMP-3) into the peri-infarct region (n = 15-24/group). We assessed MMP-2 and -9 expression and activity, TIMP-3, and TNF-α expression, cell apoptosis, infarct size and thickness, ventricular morphometry, and cardiac function (by echocardiography). Relative to medium, VSMCs delivered at either time point significantly reduced cardiac expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9, reduced expression of TNF-α, and increased expression of TIMP-3. Cell therapy also reduced apoptosis and scar area, increased infarct thickness, preserved ventricular structure, and reduced functional loss. All these effects were augmented by C-TIMP-3 treatment. Survival and cardiac function were significantly greater when VSMCs or C-TIMP-3 were delivered at 3 (vs. 14) days after MI. Upregulating post-MI cardiac TIMP-3 expression via cell-based gene therapy contributed additional regulation of MMP, TIMP, and TNF-α levels, thereby boosting the structural and functional effects of VSMCs transplanted at 3 or 14 days after an MI in rats. Early treatment may be superior to late, though both are effective.
Natural Language Access To A Melanoma Data Base (2005)

This paper describes ongoing research towards developing a system that will allow physicians personal accesa to patient medical data through natural language queries to support both patient management and clinical research. A prototype system has been implemented for a small data base on malignant melanoma. The physician can input queries in English that retrieve specified data for particular patients or for groups of patients satisfying certain characteristics, that perform simple calculations, that allow browsing through the data base, and that assist in identifying relations among attributes. The system supports dialogue interactions; that is, the user can follow a line of inquiry to test a particular hypothesis by entering a sequence of queries that depend on each other. Classes of questions that can be processed are described and examples using the system are given.
Sensitive, multiplex and direct quantification of RNA sequences using a modified RASL assay (2014)

nnealing, S: election and L: igation (RASL) assays, which are based on RNA template-dependent oligonucleotide probe ligation, have been developed to meet this need, but technical limitations have impeded their adoption. Whereas DNA ligase-based RASL assays suffer from extremely low and sequence-dependent ligation efficiencies that compromise assay robustness, Rnl2 can join a fully DNA donor probe to a 3'-diribonucleotide-terminated acceptor probe with high efficiency on an RNA template strand. Rnl2-based RASL exhibits sub-femtomolar transcript detection sensitivity, and permits the rational tuning of probe signals for optimal analysis by massively parallel DNA sequencing (RASL-seq). A streamlined Rnl2-based RASL-seq protocol was assessed in a small molecule screen using 77 probe sets designed to monitor complex human B cell phenotypes during antibody class switch recombination. Our data demonstrate the robustness, cost-efficiency and broad applicability of Rnl2-based RASL assays.
Activated Jak2 with the V617F Point Mutation Promotes G1/S Phase Transition (2006)

Hematopoietic stem cells in myeloproliferative diseases mostly retain the potential to differentiate but are characterized by hyper-responsiveness to growth factors, as well as partial factor-independent growth. The V617F activating point mutation in Jak2 has recently been associated with myeloproliferative disorders. Using various cell line models, mechanisms that contribute to Jak2V617-mediated signaling were investigated. Treatment of the Jak2V617F mutant-expressing erythroid leukemia cell line HEL with a small molecule Jak2 inhibitor was associated with a dose-dependent G(1) cell cycle arrest. This inhibition correlated with decreased expression of cyclin D2 and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip). Inhibition of Jak2V617F with a Jak2-targeted small interfering RNA approach resulted in a similar phenotype. Mechanisms leading to altered p27(Kip) and cyclin D2 likely involve inhibition of STAT5, a major target of Jak2 in hematopoietic cells, because a constitutively active form of STAT5 reduced p27(Kip) and increased cyclin D2 expression. Jak2V617F and constitutively active STAT5 also induced high levels of reactive oxygen species, which are sufficient to promote G(1)/S phase transition. In contrast, treatment of HEL cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased cell growth or expression of cyclin D2 and increased expression of p27(Kip). Similar results were obtained in BaF3 cells transfected with Jak2V617F, but these cells required coexpression of the erythropoietin receptor for optimal signaling. These results suggest that regulation of cyclin D2 and p27(Kip) in combination with redox-dependent processes promotes G(1)/S phase transition downstream of Jak2V617F/STAT5 and therefore hint at potential novel targets for drug development that may aid traditional therapy.
Neuroelectronics and Biooptics (2015)

Brain-implanted devices are no longer a futuristic idea. Traditionally, therapies for most neurological disorders are adjusted based on changes in clinical symptoms and diagnostic measures observed over time. These therapies are commonly pharmacological or surgical, requiring continuous or irreversible treatment regimens that cannot respond rapidly to fluctuations of symptoms or isolated episodes of dysfunction. In contrast, closed-loop systems provide intervention only when needed by detecting abnormal neurological signals and modulating them with instantaneous feedback. Closed-loop systems have been applied to several neurological conditions (most notably epilepsy and movement disorders), but widespread use is limited by conceptual and technical challenges. Herein, we discuss how advances in experimental closed-loop systems hold promise for improved clinical benefit in patients with neurological disorders.
Inositol Pentakisphosphate Mediates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2007)

Wnt3a stimulates lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor protein-sensitive transcription, i.e. the canonical pathway, in mouse F9 embryonal tetratocarcinoma cells expressing rat Frizzled-1. We explored the potential roles for inositol polyphosphates as mediators of Wnt signaling in the canonical path-way. Wnt3a triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signaling, transiently generating inositol polyphosphates, especially inositol pentakisphosphate (IP(5)) accumulation. Knock-down of Galpha(q) abolishes, whereas expression of the Q209L constitutively active mutant of Galpha(q) mimics, the effects of Wnt3a on IP(5) generation and downstream signaling. Phospholipase Cbeta-1 and Cbeta-3 mediate the G protein signal to the level of phosphatidylinositol signaling. Knock-down and inhibitor studies of the enzymes responsible for generating IP(5) reveal inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase and inositol polyphosphate multikinase as key mediators in the production of IP(5). Wnt3a stimulation of the canonical pathway requires accumulation of IP(5), which acts to inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, whereas stimulating casein kinase 2. Blockade of Wnt3a stimulation of IP(5) generation blocks beta-catenin accumulation, activation of lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor protein-sensitive transcription, and promotion of primitive endoderm formation in response to Wnt3a. Phosphatidylinositol signaling mediates Wnt3a action in the canonical pathway, acting to generate inositol pentakisphosphate, a key second messenger of Wnt3a.
Real-time hyperspectral endoscope for early cancer diagnostics (2010)

Hyperspectral imaging has tremendous potential to detect important molecular biomarkers of early cancer based on their unique spectral signatures. Several drawbacks have limited their use for in vivo screening applications: most notably their poor temporal and spatial resolution, high expense, and low optical throughput. We present the development of a new real-time hyperspectral endoscope (called the IMS Endoscope) based on an image mapping technique which makes it capable of addressing these challenges. The parallel, high throughput nature of this technique enables the device to operate at frame rates of 3-10 fps while collecting a 3D (x, y, &#955;) datacube of 350 x 350 x 48.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Environmental Conditions and Fracturing Fluids Upon the Long-Term Conductivity of Proppants (1987)

ABSTRACT The presented work is a compilation of efforts directed by 20 producing companies, service companies and suppliers to understand the effects of environmental conditions and fracturing fluids upon various classes of propping agents. In preliminary work the long-term effects of closure and temperature combinations ranging from 3000 psi and 150°F to 10,000 psi and 300°F are investigated on sands, resin coated sands and ceramic proppants between monel shims and medium-hard sandstone. This portion of the work sets the baseline for equilibrium permeabilities and conductivities taking into account time, closure stress, temperature and embedment. The work then focuses on the effects of common crosslinked fracturing fluids and fluid loss additives upon conductivity and permeability. Equipment is described and procedures are established using a fracturing treatment simulator that permits job-like fluid mixing, tubing shear history (1000-1500/sec), formation shear (40-50/sec), heat-up, dynamic fluid leakoff through formation core at 1000 psi to create filter cakes, and the placement of proppant. Leakoff rates during and after the treatment, and conductivities and permeabilities measured after cleanup, reveal relationships of additives and conditions that will be useful in the design of fracturing treatments and the prediction of well performance.
Leukotrienes and Lipoxins: Structures, Biosynthesis, and Biological Effects (1987)

Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids upon cell stimulation (for example, by immune complexes and calcium ionophores) and converted to leukotrienes by a 5-lipoxygenase that also has leukotriene A4 synthetase activity. Leukotriene A4, an unstable epoxide, is hydrolyzed to leukotriene B4 or conjugated with glutathione to yield leukotriene C4 and its metabolites, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. The leukotrienes participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Recent studies also suggest a neuroendocrine role for leukotriene C4 in luteinizing hormone secretion. Lipoxins are formed by the action of 5- and 15-lipoxygenases on arachidonic acid. Lipoxin A causes contraction of guinea pig lung strips and dilation of the microvasculature. Both lipoxin A and B inhibit natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Thus, the multiple interaction of lipoxygenases generates compounds that can regulate specific cellular responses of importance in inflammation and immunity.
Dissecting the thrombopoietin receptor: Functional elements of the Mpl cytoplasmic domain (1997)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) acts through its receptor, Mpl, to stimulate the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes and their progenitors. The Mpl cytoplasmic domain controls this process through assembly of an active signaling complex using various receptor docking sites. In this report, eight carboxyl truncations of the 121-aa murine Mpl cytoplasmic domain were tested for the ability to support growth of a cytokine-dependent cell line (Ba/F3) and for their capacity to induce TPO-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of specific signaling proteins. Point mutations of the five tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor were subsequently used to confirm our conclusions. From these studies we demonstrate that: (i) TPO-induced proliferation is moderately reduced by truncation of as many as 53 C-terminal amino acids of Mpl, including the sites of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation; (ii) truncation/mutation of residues 69-83 of the Mpl cytoplasmic domain enhances proliferative signaling, perhaps mediated by a decrease in receptor-driven cellular differentiation; (iii) Mpl can be phosphorylated at either Y112 or Y117 but not at the three proximal cytoplasmic tyrosine residues (Y8, Y29, and Y78); (iv) Y112 of Mpl is necessary for tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and Shc-associated p145 (SHIP); and (v) unlike STAT3, STAT5 is partially phosphorylated in the absence of any tyrosine residues in the Mpl cytoplasmic domain. These studies identify subdomains of Mpl necessary for activation of several critical signaling pathways and point to two potentially novel mechanisms of TPO-induced signal transduction, an indirect pathway to STAT5 activation and a differentiation domain that acts by limiting proliferation.
Rock Matrix Properties of the Ratcliffe Interval (Madison Limestone) Flat Lake Field, Montana (1968)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers Inc. Abstract Because fundamental reservoir information is frequently lacking in complex carbonate formations,, sound interpretive methods cannot be applied. This report presents the results of numerous laboratory tests of core samples from 20 wells in the Ratcliffe interval of the Madison limestone in the Flat Lake field in northeastern Montana. Correlations between porosity, permeability, saturation characteristics, mineral permeability, saturation characteristics, mineral constituency and pore geometry inferred from mercury injection measurements are discussed. The heterogeneity of the matrix and its influence on fluid flow, saturation and wettability characteristics of the reservoir are considered. The matrix permeability is preponderantly related to a relatively small fraction of the pore volume having pore entry radii larger than pore volume having pore entry radii larger than about 0.5 microns, while the porosity is mainly attributable to smaller pores. Pore geometry determined by mercury injection measurements may be correlated with permeability but not with porosity. Although a favorable water-oil mobility ratio for the matrix is inferred from the laboratory data, the very low effective permeability to water indicates that injection permeability to water indicates that injection rates will be low. Background In general there is less fundamental knowledge about the physical properties and performance characteristics of carbonate performance characteristics of carbonate [limestone and dolomite] reservoir rocks than of sandstones, because of the usually more complex depositional environment and post depositional processes that affect carbonates. In many processes that affect carbonates. In many fields these factors result in frequent vertical and lateral changes in lithology that make meaningful correlations very difficult. When basic reservoir information is lacking, fundamental engineering principles and sound interpretive procedures cannot be applied, and more or less intuitive procedures become accepted practice. practice. The petroleum industry has recognized for some time the need for greater emphasis on carbonate reservoir research and in recent years has supported a much greater research effort in this area.
Engineered Female-Specific Lethality for Control of Pest Lepidoptera (2013)

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a pest control strategy involving the mass release of radiation-sterilized insects, which reduce the target population through nonviable matings. In Lepidoptera, SIT could be more broadly applicable if the deleterious effects of sterilization by irradiation could be avoided. Moreover, male-only release can improve the efficacy of SIT. Adequate methods of male-only production in Lepidoptera are currently lacking, in contrast to some Diptera. We describe a synthetic genetic system that allows male-only moth production for SIT and also replaces radiation sterilization with inherited female-specific lethality. We sequenced and characterized the doublesex (dsx) gene from the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). Sex-alternate splicing from dsx was used to develop a conditional lethal genetic sexing system in two pest moths: the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and pink bollworm. This system shows promise for enhancing existing pink bollworm SIT, as well as broadening SIT-type control to diamondback moth and other Lepidoptera.
Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Captodative Olefins in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. A DFT/HSAB Theory Rationale for the Observed Regiochemistry of Nitrones (2001)

Captodative olefins 1-acetylvinyl carboxylates proved to be highly regioselective dipolarophiles in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditon to propionitrile oxide, arylphenylnitrile imines, diazoalkanes, and nitrones to yield the corresponding 5-substituted heterocycles. The addition of the latter was also stereoselective, being slightly susceptible to steric demand of the carboxylate substituent in the olefin. All atempts to cleave the isoxazolidine N-O bond under reductive conditions failed, providing diverse products with side-group reduction. FMO theory was unsuccessful to explain the regioselectivity observed with nitrones, since the opposite orientation was predicted. The recently formulated DFT/HSAB theoretical model was able to rationalize this regioselectivity, identifying the nucleophilic and electrophilic atoms involved in the process via calculation of interaction energies, suggesting the specific direction of the electronic process at each of the reaction sites.