gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Lymphocytes to Identify Lymphocyte Subsets in Lymph Nodes of the Rhesus Monkey and the Dog (1986)

Using commercially available monoclonal antibodies that bind to human lymphocyte subsets, we examined lymph nodes from the rhesus monkey and the dog for their binding ability to these monoclonal antibodies. The avidin biotin-peroxidase immunostaining procedure was used, and the following antibodies were reactive in the rhesus monkey: Leu 4, Leu 3a, OKT4, Leu 2a, OKT8, T8, Leu 5b, T11, Leu 14, B1, and Leu 12. No immunoreactivity was observed in the dog lymph node except for moderate reactivity of OKT8. The following antibodies failed to react in both the rhesus monkey and the dog: OKT3, T1, T2, T1B, T4, T8A, Pan B, and T29/33. Kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains were positive in both the dog and monkey.
Analysis of the interindividual conservation of T cell receptor α- and β-chain variable regions gene in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2008)

The aim of this study was to find conserved motifs in specific T cell receptor (TCR) alpha- and beta-chains, and to analyse the association between complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratype and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity. TCR alpha-and beta-chain CDR3 spectratypes were analysed in 20 SLE patients. The CDR3 spectratypes of three patients were monitored over time, and the CDR3 regions of clonally expanded T cells were sequenced. CDR3 spectratype analysis showed prominent usage of TCR AV8, AV14, AV23, AV30, AV31, BV2, BV8, BV11, BV14, BV16, BV19 and BV24 families in SLE patients. The CDR3 spectratype showed dynamic change correlating with SLE activity. The sequence of the CDR3 region in clonally expanded T cells suggested a conserved GGX amino acid motif in both alpha- and beta-chains. The Ja34 and Jb2s1 region genes were found in high frequency. Both TCR Valpha and Vbeta gene usage is highly restricted in SLE, suggesting that the TCRs recognize a limited number of antigenic epitopes. The conserved motifs and limited use of joining region genes may indicate the recognition of similar antigenic epitopes in multiple individuals.
In vitro characterization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies specific for the extracellular domain of prostate-specific membrane antigen. (2000)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-characterized cell surface antigen expressed by virtually all prostate cancers (PCas). PSMA has been successfully targeted in vivo with (111)In-labeled 7E11 monoclonal antibody (mAb; ProstaScint; Cytogen, Princeton, NJ), which binds to an intracellular epitope of PSMA. This work reports the in vitro characterization of three recently developed mAbs that bind the extracellular domain of PSMA (PSMAext). Murine mAbs J415, J533, J591, and 7E11 were radiolabeled with 131I and evaluated in competitive and saturation binding studies with substrates derived from LNCaP cells. J415 and J591 were conjugated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid labeled with (111)In. The uptake and cellular processing of these antibodies were evaluated in viable LNCaP cells. All four mAbs could be labeled with 131I up to a specific activity of 350 MBq/mg with no or little apparent loss of immunoreactivity. Competition assays revealed that J415 and J591 compete for binding to PSMAext antigen. J533 bound to a region close to the J591 binding epitope, but J533 did not interfere with J415 binding to PSMA. mAb 7E11 did not inhibit the binding of J415, J533, or J591 (or vice versa), consistent with earlier work that these latter mAbs bind PSMAext whereas 7E11 binds the intracellular domain of PSMA. Saturation binding studies demonstrated that J415 and J591 bound with a similar affinity (Kds 1.76 and 1.83 nM), whereas J533 had a lower affinity (Kd, 18 nM). In parallel studies, all four mAbs bound to a similar number of PSMA sites expressed by permeabilized cells (1,000,000-1,300,000 sites/cell). In parallel studies performed with viable LNCaP cells, J415, J533, and J591 bound to a similar number of PSMA sites (i.e., 600,000-800,000 sites/cell), whereas 7E11 bound only to a subpopulation of the available PSMA sites (95,000 sites/cell). This apparent binding of 7E11 to viable cells can be accounted for by a 5-7% subpopulation of permeabilized cells produced when the cells were trypsinized and suspended. Up to five DOTA chelates could be bound to either J415 or J591 without compromising immunoreactivity. A comparison of the cellular uptake and metabolic processing of the 131I- and (111)In-labeled antibodies showed a rapid elimination of 131I from the cell and a high retention of (111)In. All four mAbs recognized and bound to similar numbers of PSMAs expressed by ruptured LNCaP cells (i.e., the exposed intracellular and extracellular domains of PSMA). By comparison to J415 and J591, J533 had a lower binding affinity. Both J415 and J591 recognized and bound to the same high number of PSMAs expressed by intact LNCaP. By contrast, 7E11 bound to fewer sites expressed by intact LNCaP cells (i.e., the exposed extracellular domain of PSMA). Both J415 and J591 are promising mAbs for the targeting of viable PSMA-expressing tissue with diagnostic and therapeutic metallic radionuclides.
The effect of a commercial UV disinfection system on the bacterial load of shell eggs (2006)

The penetration of UV into organic material appears to be poor and UV disinfection can be used as an alternative for egg washing.
Decoding three-dimensional reaching movements using electrocorticographic signals in humans (2016)

We believe that this study represents the first demonstration that truly three-dimensional movements can be predicted from ECoG recordings in human patients. Furthermore, this prediction underscores the potential to develop BCI systems with multiple degrees of freedom in human patients using ECoG.
Polarization Control Schemes For Satellite Communications with Multiple Uplinks (1979)

Orthogonal polarizations will be more and more widely used in satellite communications in the near future because of their efficiency in utilizing the spectrum, but the currently designed compensation control systems can compensate for signals coming from only one uplink station. This paper therefore discusses generally the control schemes feasible to solve the multiple Uplink problem, in which there are many stations transmitting uplink signals simultaneously. The general approach proposed is that for each uplink station two Compensators can be used to compensate for the uplink and, downlink separately. This will require the station to transmit its own pilot signals and receive them back from the satellite as the control reference. Two basic techniques can be used to realize this approach. The first, correlation technique, is based on the assumption that an obtainable correlation between uplink and downlink cross-polarizations exists, and tries to compensate for uplink and downlink separately using this correlation. The second, separate link technique, uses an additional pair of pilotsignals to obtain seiJarate control references and decouples the compensations of uplink and downlink. The discussions indicate that the separate downlink technique, whose design considerations and system performance are examined carefully is most attractive.
A Recommendation System for Online Purchase Using Feature and Product Ranking (2018)

Social network occupies an important place and takes a considerable amount of time in people's daily life. It has become so popular that people are sharing a huge amount of data and opinion on social network/review sites, which in turn helps to find interesting insights for organizations/vendors or consumers. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called Feature Based Product Ranking and Recommendation Algorithm (FBPRRA) for providing suggestions to the customers whose are interested in purchasing good quality products. The proposed algorithm analyzes online products and ranks them according to product reviews. Finally, it recommends the suitable product to the target customers. Experiments have been conducted using online reviews for evaluating the proposed algorithm and found that the proposed recommendation algorithm achieves better prediction accuracy than the exiting classifiers such as Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree and K-NN.
Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients (2002)

This oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA regimen shows good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in M/AGC patients, and may prove to be a suitable alternative regimen in this indication.
cDNA cloning and in vitro transcription of the complete brome mosaic virus genome. (1984)

Complete cDNA copies of each of the brome mosaic virus genomic RNAs (3.2, 2.8, and 2.1 kilobases in length) were cloned in a novel transcription vector, pPM1, designed to provide exact control of the transcription initiation site. After cleavage at a unique EcoRI site immediately downstream of the inserted cDNA, these clones can be transcribed in vitro by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to yield complete copies of the brome mosaic virus RNAs. Dideoxy sequencing of 5' transcript cDNA runoff products and direct sequencing of 32P-3'-end-labeled transcripts show that such transcripts initiate at the same 5' position as natural viral RNA and terminate within the EcoRI runoff site after copying the entire viral RNA sequence. When synthesized in the presence of m7GpppG, the transcripts bear the natural capped 5' terminus of brome mosaic virus RNAs. Such transcripts direct the in vitro translation of proteins which coelectrophorese with the translation products of natural brome mosaic virus RNAs. pPM1 should facilitate in vitro production of other viral and nonviral RNAs.
Association Between Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Haplotypes and the Metabolic Syndrome in French Men and Women (2005)

We assessed the association of four polymorphisms (promoter P3 -681C>G, P2 -689C>T, Pro12Ala, and 1431C>T) in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) with the metabolic syndrome risk in a large, French population study (n = 1,155). In this sample, 279 men and women presented with metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria. When taken individually, none of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Haplotype analyses, in contrast, revealed a significant enrichment of the GTGC haplotype frequency (corresponding to the P3 -681C>G, P2 -689C>T, Pro12Ala (C/G), and 1431C>T polymorphisms in this order) among those with metabolic syndrome compared with control subjects. Compared with the most common CCCC haplotype, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of the metabolic syndrome for bearers of the GTGC haplotype was 2.37 (1.42-3.95; P = 0.002), 1.92 (1.00-3.72; P = 0.05), and 2.47 (1.09-5.62; P = 0.045) in the whole sample of men and women, respectively. Similar results were obtained when using another haplotype (GCCC, GTGT, CCCT, or GCCT) as a reference. Furthermore, when the GTGC haplotype frequency was tested alone (i.e., versus the frequency of the five other haplotypes together), the OR (95% CI) of the metabolic syndrome was 2.30 (1.05-5.00; P = 0.022). These data show that only the frequency of the GTGC haplotype was different between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Further analyses stratified on the 1431C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) indicated that the rare alleles of the P2 -689C>T and Pro12Ala SNPs were associated with an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome when combined to the 1431CC genotype. In conclusion, a specific haplotype of PPARgamma polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome in a French general population.
The INTERNIST-1/QUICK MEDICAL REFERENCE project--status report. (1986)

INTERNIST-1 and its successor, QUICK MEDICAL REFERENCE (QMR), are computer programs designed to provide health care professionals with diagnostic assistance in general internal medicine. Both programs rely on the INTERNIST-1 computerized knowledge base, which comprehensively describes 570 diseases in internal medicine. The philosophies behind the development of each program differ. Whereas INTERNIST-1 functions solely as a high-powered diagnostic consultant program, the QMR program acts more as an information tool, providing users with multiple ways of reviewing and manipulating the diagnostic information in the program's knowledge base. At the lowest level, the program can be viewed as an electronic textbook of medicine. In addition, the QMR program has the ability to assist users with generating hypotheses in complex patient cases. The QMR program has not been evaluated formally as an information tool for practicing physicians. A preliminary study indicates that QMR's case-analysis capabilities are of potential benefit in most patients in internal medicine admitted for diagnostic evaluation.
Fixation of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon by Catalytic Reduction over Metal Oxides (1991)

Abstract The catalytic reduction of CO2 to carbon with hydrogen was studied on the oxide catalysts for the fixation of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide was reduced to carbon and carbon monoxide selectively on the oxide catalysts. The catalyst, WO3, is highly active for reducing carbon dioxide to carbon.
Specific Recognition of HLA-E, But Not Classical, HLA Class I Molecules by Soluble CD94/NKG2A and NK Cells (1999)

The CD94/NKG2 receptors expressed by subpopulations of NK cells and T cells have been implicated as receptors for a broad range of both classical and nonclassical HLA class I molecules. To examine the ligand specificity of CD94/NKG2 proteins, a soluble heterodimeric form of the receptor was produced and used in direct binding studies with cells expressing defined HLA class I/peptide complexes. We confirm that CD94/NKG2A specifically interacts with HLA-E and demonstrate that this interaction is dependent on the association of HLA-E with peptide. Moreover, no interaction between CD94/NKG2A and classical HLA class I molecules was observed, as assayed by direct binding of the soluble receptor or by functional assays using CD94/NKG2A+ NK cells. The role of the peptide associated with HLA-E in the interaction between HLA-E and CD94/NKG2A was also assessed. All class I leader sequence peptides tested bound to HLA-E and were recognized by CD94/NKG2A. However, amino acid variations in class I leader sequences affected the stability of HLA-E. Additionally, not all HLA-E/peptide complexes examined were recognized by CD94/NKG2A. Thus CD94/NKG2A recognition of HLA-E is controlled by peptide at two levels; first, peptide must stabilize HLA-E and promote cell surface expression, and second, the HLA-E/peptide complex must form the ligand for CD94/NKG2A.
Reducing exacerbations in COPD with OM-85: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2011)

Background: Acute exacerbations in COPD (AE-COPD) are a key driver of morbidity and mortality. They are mainly triggered by respiratory infections. OM-85 is a bacterial lysate with immunostimulating properties already known to reduce AE-COPD. Aims and objectives: Confirm and further investigate the efficacy and safety of OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom®, Broncho-Munal®, Ommunal®) with a specific dosage regimen in reducing the rate of acute exacerbations in moderate to severe COPD patients. Methods: This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial was performed with 340 patients from 5 countries, past or active smoker, over 40 years old, with COPD stage II or III, with a history of at least 2 documented AE-COPD in the previous year, and a FEV1 between 30% and 80%. The specific dosage regimen was 1 capsule daily during month 1, and 1 capsule daily for 10 days in months 3 to 5. Results: Preliminary results show that OM-85 significantly reduced the rate of AE-COPD by 35.4% after the 5 months treatment period (p=0.0155). The mean duration of AE-COPD was significantly decreased by 1.4 days in the OM-85 group (2.79 days), as compared to placebo (4.15 days) (p=0.0498).The rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar in both treatment groups (OM-85: 44.1%, placebo: 43.3%). Conclusion: OM-85 significantly reduced the rate and duration of AE-COPD in moderate to severe COPD patients. Safety and tolerance were excellent.
Elevated expression of M1 and M2 components and drug-induced posttranscriptional modulation of ribonucleotide reductase in a hydroxyurea-resistant mouse cell line (1987)

Ribonucleotide reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of DNA, consists of two nonidentical subunits, proteins M1 and M2. Hydroxyurea, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, acts by destroying the unique tyrosyl free radical of protein M2. In the past, we have described a mouse L cell line which exhibited a stable resistance to high concentrations of hydroxyurea [McClarty, G. A., Chan, A., & Wright, J.A. (1986) Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12, 121-131]. When this line was grown in the absence of hydroxyurea, the cells contained a modest but stable elevation in ribonucleotide reductase activity. However, the activity was further increased on the addition of drug to the culture medium. This was accompanied by an increase in protein M2 activity as shown by activity titration experiments. Likewise, removal of hydroxyurea resulted in a decrease in M2 activity. In the present study, we make use of recently isolated cDNAs and monoclonal antibodies for both the M1 and M2 proteins to further our understanding of the mechanism of hydroxyurea resistance at the molecular level in a subclone of this cell line. Our results indicated that protein M1 levels were elevated 2-3-fold and protein M2 levels were increased about 50-fold in the mutant cells when they were grown in the absence of hydroxyurea, compared to wild-type cells. These protein increases were accompanied by corresponding elevations in the levels of mRNAs for both subunits and increased rates of transcription of both genes. There was a 6-fold amplification in the gene copy number for protein M2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Particulate failures for surface-micromachined MEMS (2003)

We investigate the failure modes of a comb-drive surface-micromachined microresonator that are caused by particulate contaminations. The microresonator structure is chosen as our research vehicle because it possesses all the primitive components found in many capacitive-based MEMS sensors and actuators. Process simulation is used to create the full-spectrum of defective structures caused by foreign particles. The generated defective structures are then classified based on their geometrical properties. Finite element analysis is used to understand the impact of these defects on the mechanical frequency response of the microresonator while HSPICE simulations are performed to determine the corresponding electrical misbehaviors within an acceleration measuring application. Simulation results show that particles can cause unwanted anchors, broken beams and welded comb fingers. However, the most interesting defects are broken comb fingers and lateral finger protrusions that only affect sensing capacitance. These defects lead to a very small increase or decrease in the shuttle mass. The mass change is so small that the mechanical frequency response of the resonator is virtually unchanged. However, the HSPICE simulations show that the change in output sensing voltage can be catastrophic.
Stimulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β1 involves activation of protein kinase C (1995)

The intracellular signal transduction pathways that mediate the stimulatory effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on hyaluronan biosynthesis in human fibroblasts were investigated. The stimulatory effects of both PDGF-BB and TGF-beta 1 were dependent on protein kinase C (PKC), since the PKC inhibitor calphostin C inhibited the stimulation by the growth factors. Direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also stimulated hyaluronan production, and the combination of either PDGF-BB or TGF-beta 1 and PMA gave an increased effect. One possible mechanism for activation of PKC is via induction of phospholipase C (PLC) activity; U-17322, an inhibitor of PLC-gamma, was found to inhibit partially PDGF-BB-stimulated hyaluronan synthesis. PDGF-BB is known to activate PLC-gamma through tyrosine phosphorylation; however, a PDGF beta-receptor mutant unable to interact with and activate PLC-gamma was still able to mediate induction of hyaluronan biosynthesis, indicating that PDGF-mediated stimulation is not entirely dependent on PLC-gamma. The stimulations by PDGF-BB and TGF-beta 1 were partly dependent on protein synthesis, since parts of the effects were inhibited by cycloheximide; in contrast, the effects mediated by PMA were not. Our results indicate that PKC is involved in the transduction of the effects of growth factors on hyaluronan biosynthesis, and that the effects involve direct or indirect activation of existing hyaluronan synthetase molecules, as well as induction of new enzyme molecules.
Activation, differential localization, and regulation of the stress-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, in synovial tissue and cells in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Signaling through SAPK/MAPK pathways is a typical feature of chronic synovitis in RA, but not in degenerative joint disease. SAPK/MAPK signaling is found at distinct sites in the synovial tissue, is induced by proinflammatory cytokines, and could lead to the design of highly targeted therapies.