gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Struktur- und Funktionswandel der Familie (1992)

Noch vor einigen Jahren konnte Karin Hausen (1975) der älteren Geschichtswissenschaft mit Recht vorwerfen, die Beschäftigung mit der Geschichte der Familie vernachlässigt zu haben. Ihr ist gleichfalls zuzustimmen, daß für die deutsche Nachkriegssoziologie wegen deren häufig empiristischen Auftretens das „Theoriedefizit ein akutes Problem“ (ebd., 174) darstellte. Letzteres wurde zwar durch die Adaption des Strukturfunktionalismus zum Teil behoben, förderte aber fortan einen stark ahistorischen Charakter der Soziologie (vgl. Elias 1976, Bd.1, Einleitung).
Defective secretion of an immunoglobulin caused by mutations in the heavy chain complementarity determining region 2. (1994)

We have investigated four secretion-deficient antibodies (Abs) derived from a panel of 46 mutant T15 anti-phosphocholine Abs, all of which have point mutations in the heavy chain (H) complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2). The level of secretion for these four Abs was < 10% of wild type when expressed together with the T15 light chain (L) in either SP2/0 or P3X63Ag8.653 myeloma cells although normal levels of H and L chain mRNA were produced. Moreover, abundant intracellular H and L chain proteins were detected. Three of the four mutants had little or no assembled H and L complexes intracellularly whereas one had a significant amount of intracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) which was shown to be capable of binding Ag. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that point mutations confined to CDR2 of the H chain variable (V) region can impede Ab assembly and secretion. We then introduced the same CDR2 mutations into a related H chain which is encoded by the same T15 VH gene but different diversity (D) and joining (J) genes. When these H chains were expressed with a non-T15 L chain, the resulting Abs were secreted normally. The results thus suggest that the effects of the CDR2 mutations on Ab secretion are dependent on their interactions with L and/or H chain D-J sequences. These results also reveal a novel mechanism that could contribute to B cell wastage.
Multilevel Weighted Support Vector Machine for Classification on Healthcare Data with Missing Values (2016)

This work is motivated by the needs of predictive analytics on healthcare data as represented by Electronic Medical Records. Such data is invariably problematic: noisy, with missing entries, with imbalance in classes of interests, leading to serious bias in predictive modeling. Since standard data mining methods often produce poor performance measures, we argue for development of specialized techniques of data-preprocessing and classification. In this paper, we propose a new method to simultaneously classify large datasets and reduce the effects of missing values. It is based on a multilevel framework of the cost-sensitive SVM and the expected maximization imputation method for missing values, which relies on iterated regression analyses. We compare classification results of multilevel SVM-based algorithms on public benchmark datasets with imbalanced classes and missing values as well as real data in health applications, and show that our multilevel SVM-based method produces fast, and more accurate and robust classification results.
Triplex targeting of a native gene in permeabilized intact cells: covalent modification of the gene for the chemokine receptor CCR5 (1998)

A 12 nucleotide oligodeoxyribopurine tract in the gene for the chemokine receptor CCR5 has been targeted and covalently modified in intact cells by a 12mer triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO) bearing a reactive group. A nitrogen mustard placed on the 5'-end of the purine motif TFO modified a guanine on the DNA target with high efficiency and selectivity. A new use of a guanine analog in these TFOs significantly enhanced triplex formation and efficiency of modification, as did the use of the triplex-stabilizing intercalator coralyne. This site-directed modification of a native chromosomal gene in intact human cells under conditions where many limitations of triplex formation have been partially addressed underscores the potential of this approach for gene control via site-directed mutagenesis.
Coupling of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Fusion to Virion Maturation: a Novel Role of the gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail (2004)

Retrovirus particles are not infectious until they undergo proteolytic maturation to form a functional core. Here we report a link between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) core maturation and the ability of the virus to fuse with target cells. Using a recently developed reporter assay of HIV-1 virus-cell fusion, we show that immature HIV-1 particles are 5- to 10-fold less active for fusion with target cells than are mature virions. The fusion of mature and immature virions was rendered equivalent by truncating the gp41 cytoplasmic domain or by pseudotyping viruses with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. An analysis of a panel of mutants containing mutated cleavage sites indicated that HIV-1 fusion competence is activated by the cleavage of Gag at any site between the MA and NC segments and not as an indirect consequence of an altered core structure. These results suggest a mechanism by which binding of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail to Gag within immature HIV-1 particles inhibits Env conformational changes on the surface of the virion that are required for membrane fusion. This "inside-out" regulation of HIV-1 fusion could play an important role in the virus life cycle by preventing the entry of immature, noninfectious particles.
Protection from Oxidative Stress–Induced Apoptosis in Cortical Neuronal Cultures by Iron Chelators Is Associated with Enhanced DNA Binding of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 and ATF-1/CREB and Increased Expression of Glycolytic Enzymes, p21waf1/cip1, and Erythropoietin (1999)

Iron chelators are pluripotent neuronal antiapoptotic agents that have been shown to enhance metabolic recovery in cerebral ischemia models. The precise mechanism(s) by which these agents exert their effects remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that iron chelators activate a hypoxia signal transduction pathway in non-neuronal cells that culminates in the stabilization of the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and increased expression of gene products that mediate hypoxic adaptation. We examined the hypothesis that iron chelators prevent oxidative stress-induced death in cortical neuronal cultures by inducing expression of HIF-1 and its target genes. We report that the structurally distinct iron chelators deferoxamine mesylate and mimosine prevent apoptosis induced by glutathione depletion and oxidative stress in embryonic cortical neuronal cultures. The protective effects of iron chelators are correlated with their ability to enhance DNA binding of HIF-1 and activating transcription factor 1(ATF-1)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to the hypoxia response element in cortical cultures and the H19-7 hippocampal neuronal cell line. We show that mRNA, protein, and/or activity levels for genes whose expression is known to be regulated by HIF-1, including glycolytic enzymes, p21(waf1/cip1), and erythropoietin, are increased in cortical neuronal cultures in response to iron chelator treatment. Finally, we demonstrate that cobalt chloride, which also activates HIF-1 and ATF-1/CREB in cortical cultures, also prevents oxidative stress-induced death in these cells. Altogether, these results suggest that iron chelators exert their neuroprotective effects, in part, by activating a signal transduction pathway leading to increased expression of genes known to compensate for hypoxic or oxidative stress.
Identification and characterization of new sources of resistance to Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in soybean lines (2008)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged pest management practitioners to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments identified resistance to A. glycines in soybean lines ‘Perrin’; ‘Tracy-M,’ its glabrous near-isoline ‘D88-5328,’ and its densely pubescent near-isoline ‘D88-5272’; ‘D75-10169,’ its glabrous near-isoline ‘D90-9216,’ and a densely pubescent near-isoline ‘D90-9220.’ Tracy-M and D75-10169 were antixenotic to A. glycines in host-selection tests. In no-choice nymphiposition tests, the number of nymphs deposited by A. glycines on D75-10169, Perrin, and Tracy-M did not differ from that on other lines after 24- and 48-h test periods. Under conditions in which A. glycines were free to distribute on plants over a 48-h period, aphids were found primarily on stems and trifoliolate leaves of Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and a resistant control, ‘Dowling,’ whereas the majority of aphids infesting susceptible lines ‘91B91’ and ‘Davis’ were distributed on unifoliolate leaves. Irrespective of shoot structure, low numbers of A. glycines were found on Dowling compared to other lines. The mean number of days to reproductive maturity for A. glycines did not differ among lines. Aphis glycines produced fewer nymphs during the first 7 d of reproduction on Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and Dowling compared to Davis, and fewer A. glycines progeny were produced on D75-10169 and Dowling than on 91B91. Results show that Dowling continues to be a strong source of resistance to A. glycines. Perrin, Tracy-M, and D75-10169 have been used as sources of resistance to other insects, and discovery of resistance to A. glycines in these three lines may increase their utility in soybean breeding programs.
Decursinol Angelate: A Cytotoxic and Protein Kinase C Activating Agent from the Root ofAngelica gigas (1997)

A cytotoxic compound was purified from the root of Angelica gigas Nakai by normal phase HPLC. As a result of the structure analysis by mass, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometry, the compound was identified as decursinol angelate, a structural isomer of decursin, and characterized originally from Sesei grandivittatum. Decursinol angelate showed in vitro cytotoxicity and protein kinase C activating activities like decursin.
SODIUM SULPHOMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF POLYMYXINS (1964)

Variations in the treatment of polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin) with formaldehyde and sodium bisulphite produce sulphomethyl derivatives which differ quantitatively in acute toxicity and in antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo. The acute intravenous LD50 values of some sixty samples of these derivatives range from six- to more than eighty-fold those of the parent antibiotics; the in vitro antibacterial activities range from 2 to 12% and the in vivo activities from 20 to 50% of those of the parent antibiotics, with the most toxic derivatives showing the highest activities. When short and prolonged incubation methods are used, assays of the derivatives in solutions of different ages and of blood collected from man and dog after intramuscular injection, show that the antibacterial activities of these sulphomethyl derivatives depend on reversion to the unsubstituted form, and that the differences in the activities are due to variations in stability. These conclusions are supported by comparison of these sulphomethyl derivatives with stable acetyl derivatives. The lower in vivo activity is due, at least partly, to the high renal excretion of the substituted form. Electrophoresis shows that the derivatives are composite, the components corresponding to mono- to pentasulphomethyl polymyxin. Pain at the injection site is the most troublesome side-effect of polymyxin therapy, and this is avoided with these derivatives. In rats injected with quantities some twenty-times the usual human dose, the derivatives cause transitory decrease in urinary output and transitory proteinuria. After intramuscular injection of these derivatives into dogs, no antibiotic is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid and concentrations present in the bile are not significantly different from those after injection of the parent antibiotic. When injected intracisternally into these animals, derivatives are less toxic than the parent compounds. These studies show that acute intravenous toxicity is a useful index of therapeutic efficiency and that derivatives with intravenous LD50 values of about 100 mg/kg are the most satisfactory ones. Because activity depends on reversion to the parent antibiotic, the use of these derivatives for topical application is contraindicated.
Chronic ethanol administration down-regulates cannabinoid receptors in mouse brain synaptic plasma membrane (1998)

The effects of chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption on the central nervous system may be related in part to its action on biological membranes by altering various receptor functions. In the current study, we examined the effects of chronic EtOH (4 day inhalation) on cannabinoid receptors (CB1) labeled with [3H]CP55,940 in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from mouse brain. Our results indicate the presence of a high level of CB1 receptors in controls (Bmax=12.0+/-0.3 pmol mg-1 protein) which decreased significantly (-58%) in SPM from mouse brain chronically exposed to EtOH. This effect occurs without any changes in the receptor affinity (Kd=2. 3+/-0.3 nM for control and 2.9+/-0.3 nM for EtOH group, P>0.05). Dissociation kinetic results showed a dissociation rate constant (K-1) of 0.09+/-0.01 min-1 for control and this dissociation rate constant decreased significantly in the chronic EtOH treated mice brain (0.05+/-0.01 min-1, P<0.05). The competition studies with anandamide resulted in a substantial decrease in [3H]CP55,940 binding in both the control and EtOH group, with a decrease (P<0.05) in the Ki values in the SPM of chronic EtOH exposed mice. Hill transformation analysis showed an nH close to one in control (0. 92+/-0.01). This did not change significantly after chronic EtOH (0. 95+/-0.01) administration, which indicates the existence of a single class of receptor for [3H]CP55,940 binding in SPM from control and EtOH treated mice. The observed down-regulation of CB1 receptors by chronic EtOH may indicate the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in EtOH tolerance and dependence.
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: Prospects for Regenerating Tissues in Dental Practice (2003)

In general, human tissues have a very limited potential to regenerate. However, recent progress in stem cell research and in tissue engineering promises novel prospects for tissue regeneration in dental practice in the future. Stem cells have been discovered in many adult tissues, including teeth, and stem cells from embryos have the potential to form all adult tissues. Embryonic stem cells can now be cultured and even produced from adult cells by the nuclear transfer method. Due to the rapid progress of research in molecular biology, particularly in the field of developmental biology, we are now starting to understand at the level of genes and molecules how the development of dental tissues is regulated. For instance, specific signal molecules have been identified which regulate the development of teeth and bones from progenitor cells. This information is already being used for the generation of dentoalveolar tissues in vitro and in vivo. Could we perhaps grow new enamel, dentine, periodontal ligament, bone, or even whole new teeth for our patients in the future?
Head-Size Equalization for Better Visual Perception of Video Conferencing (2005)

In a video conferencing setting, people often use an elongated meeting table with the major axis along the camera direction. A standard wide angle perspective image of this setting creates significant foreshortening, thus the people sitting at the far end of the table appear very small relative to those nearer the camera. This has two consequences. First, it is difficult for the remote participants to see the faces of those at the far end, thus affecting the experience of the video conferencing. Second, it is a waste of the screen space and network bandwidth because most of the pixels are used on the background instead of on the faces of the meeting participants. In this paper, we present a novel technique, called spatially-varying-uniform scaling functions, to warp the images to equalize the head sizes of the meeting participants without causing undue distortion. In addition, we show a specially designed five-lens camera to capture, stitch, and warp images in real time without sacrificing resolution. Finally, we show that the SVU scaling functions can also be applied to 360 degree images to improve video conferencing experience when an omni-directional camera is used.
Dual-Specificity Inhibitors of Lipid and Protein Kinases (2008)

Cobalt telluride branched nanostructures on carbon fiber paper (CFP) with two different morphologies were synthesized via solution-based conversion reaction. Both the CoTe2 with nanodendrite and CoTe with nanosheet morphologies on the CoTe2 nanotube (CoTe2 NDs/CoTe2 NTs and CoTe NSs/CoTe2 NTs) supported by CFP exhibit high activities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Particularly, the CoTe NSs/CoTe2 NTs only require an overpotential of 230.0 mV to deliver the current density of 100 mA cm(-2) in acid solution. After cycling for 5000 cycles or 20 h continual electrolysis, only a small performance loss is observed.
B—Z transition of poly(dG‐m5dC) induced by binding of Lys‐containing peptides (1991)

Effects of oligopeptides containing Lys residues on the conformation of poly(dG-m5dC) have been investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Lys-Ala-Lys (KAK) and its longer analogs with Lys-Ala repeats are found to convert the B-form polynucleotide to the Z form very efficiently. The ability to induce the B-Z transition is characteristic of alternating Lys-Ala sequences and increases exponentially with increasing number of the repeats. The heptapeptide KAKAKAK has an ability comparable with that of spermine, one of the most effective inducers hitherto known. The present results provide the first example of the B-Z transition of poly(dG-m5dC) induced by peptide binding.
Mosaic hepatitis B virus core particles presenting the complete preS sequence of the viral envelope on their surface (2004)

The sequence of the preS domain of the hepatitis B virus (HBV, genotype D) envelope was inserted into the major immunodominant region (MIR) of the C-terminally truncated HBV core (HBc) protein. In Escherichia coli, the HBc-preS fusion protein was partially soluble and did not produce particles. Co-expression of the wild-type HBc as a helper protein along with the fusion protein led to the formation of mosaic HBc particles that exhibited HBc, preS1 and preS2 antigenicity. Two alternative combinations of medium- and high-copy plasmids were used for co-expression of fusion and helper proteins, in an attempt to improve mosaic particle production. However, the preS fusion content of the particles remained the same in both expression combinations. In a third co-expression in which the modified HBc helper lacked aa 76-85 in the MIR, the incorporation level of HBc-preS fusion into the particles was noticeably lower. Purified chimeric particles were immunogenic in mice.
Intermolecular cleavage by UmuD-like mutagenesis proteins (1998)

The activity of a number of proteins is regulated by self-processing reactions. Elegant examples are the cleavage of the prokaryotic LexA and lambdaCI transcriptional repressors and the UmuD-like mutagenesis proteins. Various studies support the hypothesis that LexA and lambdaCI cleavage reactions are predominantly intramolecular in nature. The recently described crystal structure of the Escherichia coli UmuD' protein (the posttranslational cleavage product of the UmuD protein) suggests, however, that the region of the protein corresponding to the cleavage site is at least 50 A away from the catalytic active site. We considered the possibility, therefore, that the UmuD-like proteins might undergo self-processing that, in contrast to LexA and lambdaCI, occurs via an intermolecular rather than intramolecular reaction. To test this hypothesis, we introduced into E. coli compatible plasmids with mutations at either the cleavage or the catalytic site of three UmuD-like proteins. Cleavage of these proteins only occurs in the presence of both plasmids, indicating that the reaction is indeed intermolecular in nature. Furthermore, this intermolecular reaction is completely dependent upon the multifunctional RecA protein and leads to the restoration of cellular mutagenesis in nonmutable E. coli strains. Intermolecular cleavage of a biotinylated UmuD active site mutant was also observed in vitro in the presence of the wild-type UmuD' protein, indicating that in addition to the intact UmuD protein, the normal cleavage product (UmuD') can also act as a classical enzyme.
The determination of complete human mitochondrial DNA sequences in single cells: implications for the study of somatic mitochondrial DNA point mutations (2001)

Studies of single cells have previously shown intracellular clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations to levels that can cause a focal cytochrome c oxidase (COX) defect. Whilst techniques are available to study mtDNA rearrangements at the level of the single cell, recent interest has focused on the possible role of somatic mtDNA point mutations in ageing, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. We have therefore developed a method that permits the reliable determination of the entire mtDNA sequence from single cells without amplifying contaminating, nuclear-embedded pseudogenes. Sequencing and PCR-RFLP analyses of individual COX-negative muscle fibres from a patient with a previously described heteroplasmic COX II (T7587C) mutation indicate that mutant loads as low as 30% can be reliably detected by sequencing. This technique will be particularly useful in identifying the mtDNA mutational spectra in age-related COX-negative cells and will increase our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms by which they occur.
Isolation and Characterization of 2,3-Dichloro-1-Propanol-Degrading Rhizobia (2000)

2,3-Dichloro-1-propanol is more chemically stable than its isomer, 1, 3-dichloro-2-propanol, and is therefore more difficult to degrade. The isolation of bacteria capable of complete mineralization of 2, 3-dichloro-1-propanol was successful only from enrichments at high pH. The bacteria thus isolated were found to be members of the alpha division of the Proteobacteria in the Rhizobium subdivision, most likely Agrobacterium sp. They could utilize both dihaloalcohol substrates and 2-chloropropionic acid. The growth of these strains in the presence of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol was strongly affected by the pH and buffer strength of the medium. Under certain conditions, a ladder of four active dehalogenase bands could be visualized from this strain in activity gels. The enzyme involved in the complete mineralization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol was shown to have a native molecular weight of 114,000 and consisted of four subunits of similar molecular weights.
The effect of preoperative intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol on postoperative pain in minor outpatient urologic surgery (2013)

Preoperative IV use of dexketoprofen trometamol iv did not decrease the need for rescue analgesia in patients undergoing minor outpatient urological surgery.
SALVAGE INTRAVESICAL THERAPY WITH INTERFERON-α2B PLUS LOW DOSE BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN IS EFFECTIVE IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER IN WHOM BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN ALONE PREVIOUSLY FAILED (2001)

While longer followup and larger multicenter studies are required to validate these encouraging findings, intravesical low dose BCG plus interferon-alpha 2B appears to be effective in many cases of high risk disease previously deemed BCG refractory. However, early failure while on this regimen should be aggressively pursued with more radical treatment options.