gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migraine and Psychiatric Comorbidity: From Theory and Hypotheses to Clinical Application (2002)

Migraine is often comorbid with psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. The relationship is likely based on shared mechanisms and successful treatment is possible.
B-cell and T-cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus (1993)

The process of autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by findings of both an antigen-driven response and polyclonal B-cell activation. Autoantibody production does not appear to be critically dependent on the presence of the CD5+ B cell subset. Increasing evidence supports a role for T helper cell type 2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-6, in promoting and perpetuating B-cell hyperactivity and autoantibody formation.
Calcium signals in cell lines derived from the cerebral cortex of normal and trisomy 16 mice (1999)

We established two immortalized cell lines from cerebral cortex of normal (CNh) and trisomy 16 (CTb) mouse fetuses, an animal model of human trisomy 21. Those cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ dyes, Indo-1 and Fluo-3, exhibited increments of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in response to external glutamate, NMDA, AMPA and kainate. CTb cells exhibited higher basal Ca2+ concentrations and had higher amplitude and slower time-dependent kinetics in the decay than CNh cells, suggesting an impaired Ca2+ buffering capacity in the trisomy 16-derived cell line. Nicotine also induced increments of [Ca2+]i. The CTb cell line could represent a model for studying cellular alterations related to Down syndrome.
Textural Features Corresponding to Visual Perception (1978)

Textural features corresponding to human visual perception are very useful for optimum feature selection and texture analyzer design. We approximated in computational form six basic textural features, namely, coarseness, contrast, directionality, line-likeness, regularity, and roughness. In comparison with psychological measurements for human subjects, the computational measures gave good correspondences in rank correlation of 16 typical texture patterns. Similarity measurements using these features were attempted. The discrepancies between human vision and computerized techniques that we encountered in this study indicate fundamental problems in digital analysis of textures. Some of them could be overcome by analyzing their causes and using more sophisticated techniques.
Synthesis and properties of polyimide–clay hybrid (1993)

Abstract A polyimide hybrid with montmorillonite clay mineral has been synthesized from a dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solution of poly(amic acid) and a DMAC dispersion of montmorillonite intercalated with an ammonium salt of dodecylamine. Montmorillonite consists of stacked silicate sheets about 2000 Å in length, 10 Å in thickness. In this hybrid, montmorillonite is dispersed homogeneously into the polyimide matrix and oriented parallel to the film surface. Thanks to this special structure, this hybrid showed excellent gas barrier properties. Only 2 wt % addition of montmorillonite brought permeability coefficients of various gases to values less than half of those of ordinary polyimide. Furthermore, this hybrid had low thermal expansion coefficient. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Amphipols: Polymers that keep membrane proteins soluble in aqueous solutions (1996)

Amphipols are a new class of surfactants that make it possible to handle membrane proteins in detergent-free aqueous solution as though they were soluble proteins. The strongly hydrophilic backbone of these polymers is grafted with hydrophobic chains, making them amphiphilic. Amphipols are able to stabilize in aqueous solution under their native state four well-characterized integral membrane proteins: (i) bacteriorhodopsin, (ii) a bacterial photosynthetic reaction center, (iii) cytochrome b6f, and (iv) matrix porin.
Killing of Aspergillus spores depends on the anatomical source of the macrophage (1983)

To resolve the controversy over the capacity of macrophages to kill or inhibit germination of Aspergillus spores, we compared this function in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages from rabbits killed 82 to 90% and completely digested 72 to 82% of spores of Aspergillus fumigatus in 30 h. In contrast, peritoneal macrophages could not even inhibit the germination of ingested spores; more than 85% transformed into mycelia within 24 h. Killing by alveolar macrophages was delayed for 3 to 6 h after phagocytosis and was independent of oxidative killing mechanisms and immune activation. The ability of alveolar macrophages to kill Aspergillus spores without modulation by T lymphocytes or the generation of oxygen intermediates points out that concepts built on studies of peritoneal macrophages may be misleading and underscores the importance of studying the role of macrophages in immunity with cells from the appropriate anatomical site.
INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE Ed-B-CONTAINING FIBRONECTIN (AN EMBRYONIC ISOFORM OF FIBRONECTIN) IN HUMAN OSTEOARTHRITIC CARTILAGE (1996)

Fibronectin is non-collagenous protein which accumulates in osteoarthritic cartilage. The presence of fibronectin and its specific isoform containing the B sequence, Ed-B fibronectin (B.Fn), was studied in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays, with a specific monoclonal antibody. Results showed substantial amounts of B.Fn in osteoarthritic cartilage, especially in the superficial and middle layers. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of B.Fn with a molecular mass of 220 and 55 kDa. In contrast, in normal cartilage, expression of B.Fn was extremely low. In conclusion, the expression of a specific isoform of fibronectin during the osteoarthritic process suggests that this isoform might have specific functions in extracellular matrix remodelling.
Src-homology 3 domain of protein kinase p59fyn mediates binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in T cells. (1993)

The Src-related tyrosine kinase p59fyn(T) plays an important role in the generation of intracellular signals from the T-cell antigen receptor TCR zeta/CD3 complex. A key question concerns the nature and the binding sites of downstream components that interact with this Src-related kinase. p59fyn(T) contains Src-homology 2 and 3 domains (SH2 and SH3) with a capacity to bind to intracellular proteins. One potential downstream target is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In this study, we demonstrate that anti-CD3 and anti-Fyn immunoprecipitates possess PI 3-kinase activity as assessed by TLC and HPLC. Both free and receptor-bound p59fyn(T) were found to bind to the lipid kinase. Further, our results indicate that Src-related kinases have developed a novel mechanism to interact with PI 3-kinase. Precipitation using GST fusion proteins containing Fyn SH2, SH3, and SH2/SH3 domains revealed that PI 3-kinase bound principally to the SH3 domain of Fyn. Fyn SH3 bound directly to the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase as expressed in a baculoviral system. Anti-CD3 crosslinking induced an increase in the detection of Fyn SH3-associated PI 3-kinase activity. Thus PI 3-kinase is a target of SH3 domains and is likely to play a major role in the signals derived from the TCR zeta/CD3-p59fyn complex.
Human mesenchymal stem cells may be involved in keloid pathogenesis (2008)

The results of this study may indicate that human mesenchymal stem cells participate and recruit in keloid pathogenesis by differentiating themselves toward keloid recalcitrant formation and progression.
Design and Construction of Functional AAV Vectors (2011)

Using the basic principles of molecular biology and laboratory techniques presented in this chapter, researchers should be able to create a wide variety of AAV vectors for both clinical and basic research applications. Basic vector design concepts are covered for both protein coding gene expression and small non-coding RNA gene expression cassettes. AAV plasmid vector backbones (available via AddGene) are described, along with critical sequence details for a variety of modular expression components that can be inserted as needed for specific applications. Protocols are provided for assembling the various DNA components into AAV vector plasmids in Escherichia coli, as well as for transferring these vector sequences into baculovirus genomes for large-scale production of AAV in the insect cell production system.
Immunocytochemical localization of procollagen and fibronectin in human fibroblasts: effects of the monovalent ionophore, monensin. (1980)

The monovalent ionophore monensin inhibits the secretion of both procollagen and fibronectin from human fibroblasts in culture. The distribution of these proteins in control and inhibited (5 x 10(-7) M monensin) cells has been studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. In control cells, both antigens are present throughout the cytoplasm and in specific deposits in a region adjacent to the nucleus, which we identify as a Golgi zone by electron microscopy. Treatment of cells with monensin causes intracellular accumulation of procollagen and fibronectin, initially in the juxta-nuclear region and also subsequently in peripheral regions. Electron microscope studies reveal that in such cells the juxta-nuclear Golgi zone becomes filled with a new population of smooth-membraned vacuoles and that normal Golgi complexes are not found. Immunocytochemically detected procollagen and fibronectin are localized in the region of these vacuoles, whereas more peripheral deposits correspond to the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which are also caused by monensin. Procollagen and fibronectin are often codistributed in these peripheral deposits. Accumulation of exportable proteins in Golgi-related vacuoles is consistent with previous analyses of the monensin effect. The subsequent development of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum also containing accumulated proteins may indicate that there is an additional blockade at the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, or that the synthesized proteins exceed the capacity of the Golgi compartment and that their accumulation extends into the endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein-Domain Microarrays (2004)

Protein domains are independently folded regions of proteins that are often involved in protein-protein interactions. They are good candidates for the generation of protein microarrays because of their small size, their globular structures, and the fact that they are the protein-interacting workhorses of the cell. In addition, arrayed recombinant protein domains retain much of their binding specificity. Such microarrays can be probed with other recombinant proteins or fluorescently labeled peptides to identify potential binding partners and also determine how posttranslational modifications influence specific interactions. Thus, protein domains provide us with a system-oriented array that is focused on elucidating signal transduction pathway specificity and regulation.
The Role of Antibodies in HIV Vaccines (2010)

Licensed vaccines against viral diseases generate antibodies that neutralize the infecting virus and protect against infection or disease. Similarly, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 will likely need to induce antibodies that prevent initial infection of host cells or that limit early events of viral dissemination. Such antibodies must target the surface envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1, which are highly variable in sequence and structure. The first subunit vaccines to enter clinical trails were safe and immunogenic but unable to elicit antibodies that neutralized most circulating strains of HIV-1. However, potent virus neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can develop during the course of HIV-1 infection, and this is the type of antibody response that researchers seek to generate with a vaccine. Thus, current vaccine design efforts have focused on a more detailed understanding of these broadly neutralizing antibodies and their epitopes to inform the design of improved vaccines.
Expression and characterization of recombinant fungal acetyl-CoA carboxylase and isolation of a soraphen-binding domain (2004)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the first step in fatty-acid biosynthesis. Owing to its role in primary metabolism, ACC has been exploited as a commercial herbicide target and identified as a chemically validated fungicide target. In animals, ACC is also a key regulator of fat metabolism. This function has made ACC a prime target for the development of anti-obesity and anti-Type II diabetes therapeutics. Despite its economic importance, there is a lack of published information on recombinant expression of ACC. We report here the expression of enzymically active fungal (Ustilago maydis ) ACC in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme exhibited Km values of 0.14+/-0.013 mM and 0.19+/-0.041 mM for acetyl-CoA and ATP respectively, which are comparable with those reported for the endogenous enzyme. The polyketide natural product soraphen is a potent inhibitor of the BC (biotin carboxylase) domain of endogenous fungal ACC. Similarly, recombinant ACC activity was inhibited by soraphen with a K(i) of 2.1+/-0.9 nM. A truncated BC domain that included amino acids 2-560 of the full-length protein was also expressed in E. coli. The isolated BC domain was expressed to higher levels, and was more stable than full-length ACC. Although incapable of enzymic turnover, the BC domain exhibited high-affinity soraphen binding (Kd 1.1+/-0.3 nM), demonstrating a native conformation. Additional BC domains from the phytopathogenic fungi Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora infestans were also cloned and expressed, and were shown to exhibit high-affinity soraphen binding. Together, these reagents will be useful for structural studies and assay development.
Characterization and localization of Plasmodium falciparum surface antigens on infected erythrocytes from west African patients (1991)

The malaria-induced surface antigens on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from West African patients were characterized by agglutination of infected cells by human sera, surface immunofluorescence of live infected cells, inhibition of cytoadherence to C32 melanoma cells by human sera, immunoelectron microscopy (immunoEM), and immunoprecipitation. In a nonimmune individual, serum antibody reactivity to surface antigens of infected cells was acquired during convalescence, as tested by all five methods, and was generally parasite isolate-specific. By contrast, adult hyperimmune West African sera reacted with many isolates, including isolates from geographically distinct regions. A quantitative correlation was established between agglutination and surface immunofluorescence assay titers, and between surface immunofluorescence assay and immunoEM reactivity, suggesting that a single antigen or a set of coexpressed antigens is being detected. Surface iodination of infected cells identified trypsin- sensitive high M, antigens in the sodium dodecyl sulfate extract. All sera tested that agglutinated infected cells also immunoprecipitated these antigens. The same surface antigens were immunoprecipitated by the homologous convalescent serum as by adult sera. By immunoEM these antigens were localized exclusively at the knob-like protrusions of infected cells, where they may participate in adherence to vascular endothelium.
Emotional Health and Positive Versus Negative Social Exchanges: A Daily Diary Analysis (2001)

Abstract Older adults' daily lives entail a mix of positive and negative interpersonal encounters, and these encounters have the potential to affect their emotional well-being. This study examined the links between positive versus negative social exchanges and well-being, using daily diary data collected at 2 points in time from a sample of community-residing older adults (N = 129). Negative exchanges occurred less often but were related more consistently to daily mood than were positive exchanges. These day-to-day exchanges also predicted less transient dimensions of emotional health, with positive and negative exchanges exhibiting distinctive associations with loneliness and depression. Positive exchanges also appeared to influence emotional health by offsetting the adverse effects of negative exchanges. An increase in day-to-day negative exchanges over a 1-year period was associated with an increase in depression. Implications for alternative models of the effects of positive versus negative social exchanges are discussed.
Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammoniaM. W. WeatherburnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 8, 971–974Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60252a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60252a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10389Altmetric-Citations2920LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capsaicin Significantly Reduces Sinonasal Polyps (2000)

Some reports indicate that topical nasal treatment with capsaicin, which is usually effective in reducing symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis, may also reduce symptoms in patients with nasal polyps. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of topical capsaicin treatment in severe sinonasal polyposis. Nine non-allergic, non-asthmatic patients with diffuse eosinophilic nasal polyposis were subjected to topical capsaicin treatment: for 3 consecutive days 0.5 ml 30 micromol/l capsaicin solution and on days 4 and 5 100 micromol/l capsaicin solution was sprayed into each nostril. Coronary computed tomography (CT) images were made shortly before treatment. Baseline nasal lavages and a questionnaire containing subjective symptoms and nasal endosocpy were taken just prior to the first application. Nasal lavages were performed prior to and after the last treatment and over 4 weeks, endoscopy and subjective scores at each weekly visit, and correspondent CT scans 4 weeks after the treatment. CT images were analysed by computer, calculating the nose sinuses air volume (NSAV) from the surface of aerated parts of nasal and sinus cavities for each slice per patient prior to and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed comparing NSAV, subjective scores, endoscopy scores and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in nasal lavages prior to and after treatment. Topical treatment with capsaicin significantly increased NSAV and very significantly improved subjective and endoscopy scores, but did not significantly alter ECP levels in nasal lavages.
Probabilistic graphical models : principles and techniques (2009)

Most tasks require a person or an automated system to reason -- to reach conclusions based on available information. The framework of probabilistic graphical models, presented in this book, provides a general approach for this task. The approach is model-based, allowing interpretable models to be constructed and then manipulated by reasoning algorithms. These models can also be learned automatically from data, allowing the approach to be used in cases where manually constructing a model is difficult or even impossible. Because uncertainty is an inescapable aspect of most real-world applications, the book focuses on probabilistic models, which make the uncertainty explicit and provide models that are more faithful to reality. Probabilistic Graphical Models discusses a variety of models, spanning Bayesian networks, undirected Markov networks, discrete and continuous models, and extensions to deal with dynamical systems and relational data. For each class of models, the text describes the three fundamental cornerstones: representation, inference, and learning, presenting both basic concepts and advanced techniques. Finally, the book considers the use of the proposed framework for causal reasoning and decision making under uncertainty. The main text in each chapter provides the detailed technical development of the key ideas. Most chapters also include boxes with additional material: skill boxes, which describe techniques; case study boxes, which discuss empirical cases related to the approach described in the text, including applications in computer vision, robotics, natural language understanding, and computational biology; and concept boxes, which present significant concepts drawn from the material in the chapter. Instructors (and readers) can group chapters in various combinations, from core topics to more technically advanced material, to suit their particular needs.
Genomic Classification and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2016)

The driver landscape in AML reveals distinct molecular subgroups that reflect discrete paths in the evolution of AML, informing disease classification and prognostic stratification. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00146120.).
Human DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK) is homologous to phosphatidylinositol kinases (1995)

DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with a DNA end-binding heterodimeric protein, Ku, and is activated by double-stranded DNA. Genomic clones that contain the DNA-PK gene complement the murine scid defect, indicating that DNA-PK affects double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Here we describe the cDNA sequence of the region that corresponds to about 100 kDa of C-terminal sequence of this large (> p350 kDa) protein. This region contains a kinase domain that has strong homology to phosphatidylinositol kinases.
Molecular chimerization of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin to interleukin-2: effects on cytokine and antigen function (1992)

A chimeric recombinant protein composed of the lktA gene product from Pasteurella haemolytica fused to bovine interleukin-2 (IL-2) was made. The LKT-IL-2 chimera was compared with recombinant bovine IL-2 with regard to the ability to induce proliferative responses and LAK cell activity in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In both instances, chimerization had no effect on IL-2 activity. Similarly, the LKT component was unaffected in its ability to induce an effective immune response after immunization. The adjuvant properties of IL-2 have been established in a number of models, and this effect was tested by using the chimera. A multiple-injection protocol of LKT-IL-2 was compared with single-dose administration of LKT. The results obtained indicate that while there was no increase in specific antibody production, the IL-2 component of the chimera may be able to affect antigen-specific proliferation, as assessed by limiting-dilution analysis. Use of cytokine-antigen chimeras may provide a valuable antigen-adjuvant formulation that is simple to produce and purify and thus have economic advantages over conventional preparations. Furthermore, chimerization will also ensure that the adjuvant acts at the same site as the antigen, thus optimizing immunostimulatory activity.