gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring MARS: developing indoor and outdoor user interfaces to a mobile augmented reality system (1999)

We describe an experimental mobile augmented reality system (MARS) testbed that employs different user interfaces to allow outdoor and indoor users to access and manage information that is spatially registered with the real world. Outdoor users can experience spatialized multimedia presentations that are presented on a head-tracked, see-through, head-worn display used in conjunction with a hand-held pen-based computer. Indoor users can get an overview of the outdoor scene and communicate with outdoor users through a desktop user interface or a head- and hand-tracked immersive augmented reality user interface.
Class I-Restricted Alloreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognize a Complex Array of Specific MHC-Associated Peptides (1998)

A major issue in understanding alloreactive T cell responses is whether the Ags recognized reside in allogeneic MHC proteins themselves regardless of the structure of the associated peptides or whether specific peptides presented by allogeneic MHC proteins determine each epitope. We developed HLA-A*0201-specific alloreactive human CD8+ CTL lines and clones to address this issue. Acid treatment of HLA-A*0201+ target cells resulted in the loss of Ab-defined epitopes as well as recognition by all alloreactive CTL. In the presence of brefeldin A, no class I molecules were re-expressed at the surface of the acid-treated cells. Addition of a mixture of synthetic peptides corresponding to known, naturally processed, HLA-A*0201-associated peptides together with exogenous human beta2m restored binding by specific Ab but not recognition by alloreactive CTL. However, addition of a more complex mixture of peptides directly extracted from HLA-A*0201 reconstituted CTL recognition. This demonstrates that these alloreactive CTL recognize specific peptides and not a common peptide-dependent conformation of HLA-A*0201. Reverse phase HPLC fractionation of the extracted peptides resulted in the loss of recognition by CTL lines from three individuals. This was not due to the loss of specific peptide species because repooling of the HPLC fractions led to a recovery of recognition. Furthermore, three HLA-A*0201-alloreactive CTL clones recognized single distinct peptide peaks from the same HPLC fractionation. These data suggest that the epitopes recognized in allogeneic responses to HLA-A*0201 are complex, and the response is a result of recognition of multiple unique peptide-MHC complexes.
SASI enforcement of security policies: a retrospective (2002)

SASI (Security Automata SFI Implementation) enforces security policies by modifying object code for a target system before that system is executed. The approach has been prototyped for two rather different machine architectures: Intel x86 and Java JVML. Details of these prototypes and some generalizations about the SASI approach are discussed.
Cross-Language Retrieval with the Twenty-One System (1997)

The EU project Twenty-One will support cross language queries in a multilingual document base. A prototype version of the Twenty-One system has been subjected to the Cross Language track tests in order to set baseline performances. The runs were based on query translation using dictionaries and corpus based disambiguation methods. 1 Introduction 1.1 Twenty-One project Twenty-One is a 2 MECU project with 11 partners 1 funded by the EU Telematics program, sector Information Engineering. The project subtitle is &amp;quot;Development of a Multimedia Information Transaction and Dissemination Tool&amp;quot;. Twenty-One started early 1996 and is currently in its building phase. The Twenty-One database consists of documents in different languages, initially Dutch, English, French and German but extensions to other European languages are envisaged. The TREC Cross Language (CLIR) track task fits our needs to evaluate the system on the aspect of cross language retrieval performance. 1.2 TREC6 Although the de...
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Electrical Brush Contacts (2009)

Electrical properties of brush contacts made of bulk carbon nanotube forest are significantly better than the presently used commercial products due to the unique and intimate surface interaction of the former on the nanoscale. The image displays the nanotube block used, the measurement setup, and the resistance fluctuations for the carbon nanotube and the conventional brush setups. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cell-Specific Expression of the Rat Insulin Gene: Evidence for Role of Two Distinct 5′ Flanking Elements (1985)

The 5' flanking DNA of the rat insulin I gene contains sequences controlling cell-specific expression. Analysis of this region by replacement of specific portions with nondiscriminatory control elements from viral systems shows that a transcriptional enhancer is located in the distal portion of the 5' flanking DNA; its position has been mapped by deletion analysis. Additional experiments suggest that another distinct regulatory element is located more proximal to the transcription start site. The activity of both elements is restricted to pancreatic B cells. The combinatorial effect of multiple control elements could explain the cell-specific expression of insulin genes.
Modeling Laser-Spallation Rock Drilling (2006)

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 95746, "Modeling of Laser Spallation Drilling of Rocks for Gas- and Oilwell Drilling," by Z. Xu, SPE, Y. Yamashita, and C.B. Reed, Argonne Natl. Laboratory, prepared for the 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 9–12 October. High-power lasers can weaken, spall, melt, and vaporize Earth materials, with thermal spallation being the most energy-efficient rock-removal mechanism. The most interesting focus of recent laser rock-drilling research is on developing a laser rock-spallation technique to drill large and deep holes in rocks. Laser spallation has a rock-removal rate higher than conventional rotary drilling and flame-jet spallation. Research also is focused on the use of laser rock spallation to make perforation channels with improved permeability of the perforated rocks. Introduction Laser rock spallation is a rock-removal process that uses laser-induced thermal stress to fracture the rock into small fragments before it melts. High-intensity-laser energy, focused on a rock that has very low thermal conductivity, causes the local rock temperature to increase instantaneously. This results in a local thermal stress that spalls the rock. Previous test data show that laser rock spallation is the most energy efficient among all laser rock-removal mechanisms. Recent research and development concentrating on use of advanced high-power lasers to drill and complete oil and gas wells has focused on two fronts. The first was to develop a multibeam laser rock-spallation technique to drill large and deep holes in rocks with a rock-removal rate higher than that of conventional rotary drilling and flame-jet spallation. In this approach, each laser beam spalls a hole as big as the beam spot and half the beam diameter deep. Multiple beams are overlapped to remove a layer of rock. Layer by layer, a large and deep hole is drilled. The second focus was to develop a laser rock-perforation technique for oil- and gas-well completion applications. Perforating oil and gas wells requires creating a hole through a composite structure of steel casing, cement, and formation rock. Current explosive-charge perforation methods, while capable of creating the holes, significantly reduce the rock permeability. Laboratory tests demonstrate that laser beams not only cut rocks efficiently, but also increase the permeability of spalling-drilled rock significantly. An innovative laser perforating system will allow the oil and gas industry to improve injection and production rates.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Custirsen (OGX-011) in Combination with Docetaxel or Mitoxantrone as Second-line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing after First-line Docetaxel: CUOG Trial P-06c (2011)

Custirsen plus either docetaxel or mitoxantrone was feasible in patients with progressive mCRPC following first-line docetaxel therapy. Pain relief was higher than expected, with interesting correlations between serum CLU and survival. A phase III trial evaluating the pain palliation benefit of custirsen with taxane therapy is ongoing.
Giardiasis (1992)

Giardiasis is one of the most common pathogenic intestinal protozoal infections worldwide. Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified etiologic agent in outbreaks associated with the ingestion of surface water, often due to ineffective filtration or pretreatment. In addition to humans, other sources of infection include beavers, perhaps muskrats, and possibly domestic animals. A low infecting dose (10 to 25 cysts) is reported to be sufficient to produce human infection. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to a transient or persistent acute stage, with steatorrhea, intermittent diarrhea, and weight loss, or to a subacute or chronic stage that can mimic gallbladder or peptic ulcer disease. Diagnosis is usually based on repeated stool examinations but examination of duodenal fluid or biopsy material may also be necessary. Enzyme immunoassay or indirect immunofluorescence methods for direct detection of antigen or whole organisms in clinical specimens have also been developed. These tests are reported to be more sensitive than routine stool examination. Demonstration of serum immunoglobulin M and G antibodies may help differentiate recent from past infection or help detect recurrence in individuals who have been treated previously. Serum immunoglobulin A levels may be a useful indicator of exposure in waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea. Drugs available for treatment within the United States include metronidazole, quinacrine hydrochloride, and furazolidone.
Anticancer Activity of the Antibiotic Clioquinol (2005)

Clioquinol, a metal chelator, has been used for many years as an antimicrobial agent and more recently as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Because it binds copper and zinc, metals essential for the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), a potential target for anticancer drug development, we investigated its effects on human cancer cells. Treatment with clioquinol reduced the viability of eight different human cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Biochemical analysis revealed that clioquinol induced cancer cell death through apoptotic pathways that require caspase activity. Although clioquinol induced modest inhibition of SOD1 activity in treated cells, comparable inhibition by a known SOD1 inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate, did not result in cytotoxicity. The addition of copper, iron, or zinc did not rescue cells from cliquinol-induced cytotoxicity but enhanced its killing, arguing against metal chelation as its major mechanism of action. To test if clioquinol might act as an ionophore, a fluorescent probe was used to monitor intracellular zinc concentrations. The addition of clioquinol resulted in elevated levels of intracellular zinc, indicating that clioquinol acts as a zinc ionophore. In an in vivo xenografts mouse model, clioquinol inhibited tumor growth of xenografts over a 6-week period, without inducing visible toxicity. Our results show that clioquinol has anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. Transition metal ionophores may be a subclass of metal chelators with anticancer activity deserving of further development.
The Rise of Modern Literary Yiddish: Historical, Linguistic, and Socio-linguistic Perspectives (1993)

Abstract Technology and the need for improvement and excellence drive change. Literature is not far behind, driven by the desire to adapt to its readers. The culture and socio-economic state of the eighteenth century was by far different from that of the twentieth century, thus the effects on readers are not the same for each time. During the earlier periods, there was much resistance to the modernization of literature, as it was still too premature and radical to be accepted. Yiddish literature had to be patient and endure a long and tedious amount of transformation before it was finally embraced by its age. Contemporary finally prevailed against traditional, although the latter cannot be forgotten.
Myocardial calcium and magnesium in acute ischemic injury. (1972)

The effect of ischemic injury on calcium and magnesium distribution in dog myocardial cells was investigated in tissue damaged by occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery for 60 minutes or for 40 minutes followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion of the damaged tissue by arterial blood. No significant change in the concentration of these cations was noted in permanently ischemic, irreversibly injured myocardial cells, but tissue calcium was markedly increased in cells killed by an episode of transient ischemia. Tissue water and sodium also were increased and magnesium was decreased significantly in the transient ischemia model. Investigation of the localization of the increased Ca(--) by cellular fractionation and chemical analysis as well as by electron miscroscopy and microincineration showed that much of it was localized in dense bodies within the mitochondria. Within the intramitochondrial dense bodies, the calcium appeared to be a precipitate of an as yet undefined form of calcium phosphate.
Co-clustering documents and words using bipartite spectral graph partitioning (2001)

Both document clustering and word clustering are well studied problems. Most existing algorithms cluster documents and words separately but not simultaneously. In this paper we present the novel idea of modeling the document collection as a bipartite graph between documents and words, using which the simultaneous clustering problem can be posed as a bipartite graph partitioning problem. To solve the partitioning problem, we use a new spectral co-clustering algorithm that uses the second left and right singular vectors of an appropriately scaled word-document matrix to yield good bipartitionings. The spectral algorithm enjoys some optimality properties; it can be shown that the singular vectors solve a real relaxation to the NP-complete graph bipartitioning problem. We present experimental results to verify that the resulting co-clustering algorithm works well in practice.
CMOS metal replacement gate transistors using tantalum pentoxide gate insulator (2002)

This paper reports a full CMOS process using a combination of a TiN/W Metal Replacement Gate Transistor design with a high dielectric constant gate insulator of tantalum pentoxide over thin remote plasma nitrided gate oxide. MOS devices with high gate capacitances equivalent to that for <2 nm SiO/sub 2/ but having relatively low gate leakage are reported. Transistors with gate lengths near or below 0.1 /spl mu/m have good characteristics. Working CMOS circuits using Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ gate insulator are demonstrated for the first time.
The anemia of vitamin E deficiency in swine: An experimental model of the human congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (1977)

The ultrastructural and erythrokinetic characteristics of vitamin E deficiency in swine were investigated in an effort to evaluate the suitability of the swine disorder as a model of the human congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. The dominant erythrokinetic abnormality in vitamin E deficient pigs, as in the CDAs, is ineffective erythropoiesis. As in some patients with CDA, the activity of a number of erythrocyte enzymes was increased. Distinctive ultrastructual changes previously described in patients with CDA were found in normoblasts from vitamin E deficient pigs. The morphologic, erythrokinetic, biochemical and ultrastructural similarities between vitamin E deficiency in swine and the CDAs in man appear to justify the study of the animal disorder as a model of the human disease. A complete hematologic response was elicited by the administration not only of vitamin E, but also, as in the previous studies of vitamin E deficiency in monkeys, by hexahydrocoenzyme Q4. The partial hematologic response occurring after deletion of tocopherol stripped corn oil from the diet indicates that factors other than the dietary lack of vitamin E are important in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Drug Screening Using a Library of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals Disease-Specific Patterns of Cardiotoxicity (2013)

We have recapitulated drug-induced cardiotoxicity profiles for healthy subjects, long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy patients at the single cell level for the first time. Our data indicate that healthy and diseased individuals exhibit different susceptibilities to cardiotoxic drugs and that use of disease-specific hiPSC-CMs may predict adverse drug responses more accurately than the standard human ether-a-go-go-related gene test or healthy control hiPSC-CM/hESC-CM screening assays.
Low carbon fuels and commodity chemicals from waste gases – systematic approach to understand energy metabolism in a model acetogen (2016)

Insight into energy metabolism of gas-fermenting acetogens using a systems level approach for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals.
A putative binding protein for lipophilic substances related to butterfly oviposition (2000)

A unique protein of 23 kDa (Jf23) was found in the tarsus of the female swallowtail butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous. Jf23 has 38% identity with a bilin-binding protein, which was found in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae, and which has two consensus sequences in common with the members of the lipocalin family, suggesting that it is a binding protein for lipophilic ligands. Western blot analysis showed that Jf23 was expressed only in the female, and not in the male. Electrophysiological response of the female tarsi was stimulated by methanolic extract of their host plant, Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia debilis). The stimulated response was depressed by the presence of Jf23 antiserum. These results suggest that Jf23 is one of the chemosensory signaling proteins, which plays one or more roles in female butterfly oviposition.
Nonmucosal Alphavirus Vaccination Stimulates a Mucosal Inductive Environment in the Peripheral Draining Lymph Node (2008)

The strongest mucosal immune responses are induced following mucosal Ag delivery and processing in the mucosal lymphoid tissues, and much is known regarding the immunological parameters which regulate immune induction via this pathway. Recently, experimental systems have been identified in which mucosal immune responses are induced following nonmucosal Ag delivery. One such system, footpad delivery of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP), led to the local production of IgA Abs directed against both expressed and codelivered Ags at multiple mucosal surfaces in mice. In contrast to the mucosal delivery pathway, little is known regarding the lymphoid structures and immunological components that are responsible for mucosal immune induction following nonmucosal delivery. In this study, we have used footpad delivery of VRP to probe the constituents of this alternative pathway for mucosal immune induction. Following nonmucosal VRP delivery, J chain-containing, polymeric IgA Abs were detected in the peripheral draining lymph node (DLN), at a time before IgA detection at mucosal surfaces. Further analysis of the VRP DLN revealed up-regulated alpha4beta7 integrin expression on DLN B cells, expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 on the DLN high endothelia venules, and production of IL-6 and CC chemokines, all characteristics of mucosal lymphoid tissues. Taken together, these results implicate the peripheral DLN as an integral component of an alternative pathway for mucosal immune induction. A further understanding of the critical immunological and viral components of this pathway may significantly improve both our knowledge of viral-induced immunity and the efficacy of viral-based vaccines.
Aptamer-Conjugated Extracellular Nanovesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery (2017)

Extracellular nanovesicles (ENV) released by many cells contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that contribute to intercellular communication. ENVs have emerged as biomarkers and therapeutic targets but they have also been explored as drug delivery vehicles. However, for the latter application, clinical translation has been limited by low yield and inadequate targeting effects. ENV vectors with desired targeting properties can be produced from parental cells engineered to express membrane-bound targeting ligands, or they can be generated by fusion with targeting liposomes; however, neither approach has met clinical requirements. In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical extrusion of approximately 10<sup>7</sup> cells grafted with lipidated ligands can generate cancer cell-targeting ENV and can be prepared in approximately 1 hour. This rapid and economic approach could pave the way for clinical implementation in the future.<b>Significance:</b> A new and rapid method for production of drug-targeting nanovesicles has implications for cancer treatment by chimeric antigen receptor T cells and other therapies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(3); 798-808. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Pt(iv) analogs of oxaliplatin that do not follow the expected correlation between electrochemical reduction potential and rate of reduction by ascorbate (2011)

In contrast to the Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin, Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin do not show the expected correlation between the electrochemical reduction potentials and rates of reduction by ascorbate. This is probably due to the lower ability of the amine and carboxylato ligands to form a bridge with the reducing agents to facilitate electron transfer.