gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of High PV Penetration on Distribution Transformer Insulation Life (2014)

The reliable operation of distribution systems is critically dependent on detailed understanding of load impacts on distribution transformer insulation systems. This paper estimates the impact of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation on a typical 200-kVA, 22/0.415-kV distribution transformer life under different operating conditions. This transformer supplies a suburban area with a high penetration of roof top photovoltaic systems. The transformer loads and the phase distribution of the PV systems are significantly unbalanced. Oil and hot-spot temperature and remnant life of distribution transformer under different PV and balance scenarios are calculated. It is shown that PV can significantly extend the transformer life.
Demonstration of Amyloid Deposits and Neurofibrillary Changes in Whole Brain Sections (1991)

Selective and sensitive silver staining of extracellular amyloid deposits and intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes can be applied to 50-150 microns thick polyethylene glycol sections and/or 5-15 microns thick paraffin sections. The silver techniques take advantage of physical development of the nucleation sites thus permitting tight control of the entire procedure. Both techniques can be applied to routinely fixed autopsy material. They do not require particular skills and considerably facilitate processing of large numbers of sections through entire hemispheres of the human brain.
iciA, an Escherichia coli gene encoding a specific inhibitor of chromosomal initiation of replication in vitro. (1991)

The gene encoding the protein that binds the three 13-mers in the origin (oriC) of Escherichia coli to block initiation of replication in vitro has been cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed. The gene possesses an open reading frame for 297 amino acids (mass of 33,471 Da). The protein has a motif for DNA-binding (helix-turn-helix) and has homology to a diverse set of prokaryotic regulatory proteins, known as the LysR family. The protein, previously referred to as the 33-kDa protein, has been named IciA (for inhibitor of chromosome initiation). The iciA gene is at 62.8 min on the chromosomal map. Cells with enhanced levels of the protein grow at a normal rate but generally exhibit a pronounced lag upon transfer to a fresh medium.
Two Sisters with Leprosy (1993)

Leprosy is a rare entity in Japan, but remains quite common in developing countries. We report two sisters with leprosy from Brazil but currently working in Japan who presented to our clinic. The younger sister was infected with the BB type with HLA-A2, A24, B51, Bw52, DR2, DRw8, DRw52, DQw1, and DQw3. The elder sister had the TT type with HLA-A2, A31, B51, Cw3, DRw6, DRw8, DRw52, DQw1, and DQw3. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that CD4+, 4B4+ helper/inducer T-cells were dominant in the granulomas of both cases. Bacilli were not detectable in the biopsy specimens. However, Mycobacterium leprae-specific DNA fragments were found in their peripheral blood and biopsy specimens by polymerase chain reaction.
Shortened double-walled carbon nanotubes by high-energy ball milling (2007)

Despite significant scientific interest, there are currently no widely accepted methods for the production or shortening of CNT that offer fine control over CNT length distribution. This paper reports the production of shortened double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT) by high-energy ball milling and their characterisation via TEM, SEM, Raman, TGA and XPS techniques. Image analysis showed that ball milling was effective at shortening DWNT; however, fine control of the tube length distribution was not possible. The high-energy milling was found to lead to DWNT destruction if samples were processed for longer than 4 min. Ball milling was also found to qualitatively increase amorphous carbon content. A slight increase in side wall oxidation with increased ball milling time was observed via XPS. These well characterised DWNT samples will be employed in polymer nanocomposite and CNT toxicology studies.
Structure and motion from line segments in multiple images (1995)

This paper presents a new method for recovering the three dimensional structure of a scene composed of straight line segments using the image data obtained from a moving camera. The recovery algorithm is formulated in terms of an objective function which measures the total squared distance in the image plane between the observed edge segments and the projections (perspective) of the reconstructed lines. This objective function is minimized with respect to the line parameters and the camera positions to obtain an estimate for the structure of the scene. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated quantitatively through extensive simulations and qualitatively with actual image sequences. The implementation is being made publicly available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity for estimation of energy expenditure in human subjects (1994)

We investigated the relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and energy expenditure in young adults, evaluating their serum LDH activities in order to develop an index of energy expenditure. The results obtained were as follows. (1) There were significant correlations between the serum LDH activity and energy expenditure/day, energy expenditure/body weight/day and daily activity index in men. (2) There were significant correlations between the serum LDH activity and energy expenditure/day and daily activity index in women. (3) A group of men who 'rarely' exercised had lower levels of serum LDH activity than those who exercised 'sometimes' or 'usually', but little difference was noted between similar groups of women.
Beyond VEGF: Inhibition of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Pathway and Antiangiogenesis (2011)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Compelling evidence for deregulated FGF signaling in tumorigenesis continues to emerge, and a growing body of research suggests that FGF may also play an integral role in the resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Although agents targeting FGF signaling are early in development, the potential to target both the VEGF and FGF pathways may translate into improvements in the clinical care of cancer patients.
Failure of Parturition in Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin F Receptor (1997)

Mice lacking the gene encoding the receptor for prostaglandin F2alpha (FP) developed normally but were unable to deliver normal fetuses at term. Although these FP-deficient mice showed no abnormality in the estrous cycle, ovulation, fertilization, or implantation, they did not respond to exogenous oxytocin because of the lack of induction of oxytocin receptor (a proposed triggering event in parturition), and they did not show the normal decline of serum progesterone concentrations that precedes parturition. Ovariectomy at day 19 of pregnancy restored induction of the oxytocin receptor and permitted successful delivery in the FP-deficient mice. These results indicate that parturition is initiated when prostaglandin F2alpha interacts with FP in ovarian luteal cells of the pregnant mice to induce luteolysis.
LMAN1 is a molecular chaperone for the secretion of coagulation factor VIII (2003)

Combined deficiency of both coagulation factors (F)V and VIII is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by null expression of LMAN1 (previously termed ERGIC-53) in a majority of affected individuals. Previously, a requirement for a functional LMAN1 cycling pathway between the ER and Golgi was demonstrated for efficient secretion of FV and FVIII (Moussalli et al. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 32569), however, the molecular nature of the interaction between LMAN1 and its cargo was not characterized. Using coimmunoprecipitation of LMAN1 and FVIII from transfected HeLa and COS-1 cells, we demonstrate an interaction between LMAN1 and FVIII in vivo. The interaction was mediated via high mannose-containing asparagine-linked oligosaccharides that are densely situated within the B domain of FVIII, as well as protein-protein interactions. These results are interpreted based on the recent determination of the crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of LMAN1.
Architectural features of the i860-microprocessor RISC core and on-chip caches (2003)

The Intel i860 is a one-million-transistor, high-performance RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) microprocessor. The performance of the i860 CPU is derived using supercomputer architectural concepts such as parallel instruction execution and a 64-b architecture that provides the data and instruction bandwidth necessary to support multiple operations. The novel features of the i860 RISC integer core are explored. The on-chip cache architecture, which is optimized for large data and instruction bandwidth, is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of Organized Microstructures to Study Keto-Enol Equilibrium of &#946;-Dicarbonyl Compounds (2004)

Keto-enol tautomerism has been the subject of continuous interest in chemistry. Enols and enolate ions are essential intermediates in many important chemical reactions, and a number of biological transformations also involve enol formation. Enolization, moreover, has long been of interest as an example of tautomeric rearrangement. One of the things that one would like to know about enols is the magnitude of keto (KH) / enol (EH) equilibrium constants (KH EH, KE). This tautomeric equilibrium has been studied for many years and a large number of methods have been applied for investigating the keto-enol conversion. We review some of the work that we have been doing in the field of keto-enol / enolate equilibria characterization and on enol reactivity in constrained media, such as aqueous solutions of surfactants forming micelles or cyclodextrins. A recently developed method of studying keto-enol equilibrium that combines the UV-vis spectroscopy and aqueous solutions of organized microstructures will be presented. The emphasis of the exposition is the comparative analysis of the several methods used in continuing research to evaluate keto-enol equilibrium constants, by paying detailed attention to the difficulties, and advantages / disadvantages of this new method in comparison with previous others. Therefore, after a brief description of common properties of 1,3- dicarbonyl compounds and of micro-organized media, we report studies of keto-enol / enolate equilibria and the methods and techniques used. Keywords: Keto-Enol Equilibrium, dicarbonyl, micro-organized
Quantitative “magnetic resonance immunohistochemistry” with ligand‐targeted 19F nanoparticles (2004)

Unstable atherosclerotic plaques exhibit microdeposits of fibrin that may indicate the potential for a future rupture. However, current methods for evaluating the stage of an atherosclerotic lesion only involve characterizing the level of vessel stenosis, without delineating which lesions are beginning to rupture. Previous work has shown that fibrin-targeted, liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles, which carry a high payload of gadolinium, have a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting fibrin with clinical (1)H MRI. In this work, the perfluorocarbon content of the targeted nanoparticles is exploited for the purposes of (19)F imaging and spectroscopy to demonstrate a method for quantifiable molecular imaging of fibrin in vitro at 4.7 T. Additionally, the quantity of bound nanoparticles formulated with different perfluorocarbon species was calculated using spectroscopy. Results indicate that the high degree of nanoparticle binding to fibrin clots and the lack of background (19)F signal allow accurate quantification using spectroscopy at 4.7 T, as corroborated with proton relaxation rate measurements at 1.5 T and trace element (gadolinium) analysis. Finally, the extension of these techniques to a clinically relevant application, the evaluation of the fibrin burden within an ex vivo human carotid endarterectomy sample, demonstrates the potential use of these particles for uniquely identifying unstable atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.
Reconfigurable multilevel phase holograms for optical switches (2002)

A way of dynamically encoding polarization-insensitive multilevel phase holograms using nematic liquid crystals is presented. The method, using a quarter wave plate and a mirror, allows the optical efficiency of a free space single-mode fiber-to-fiber switch to be greatly enhanced. The validity of the approach has been verified experimentally by observing the power diffracted in the /spl plusmn/1 orders of a nematic liquid crystal grating as a function of input polarization and applied voltage.
Three-dimensional-printed gas dynamic virtual nozzles for x-ray laser sample delivery (2016)

Reliable sample delivery is essential to biological imaging using X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). Continuous injection using the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN) has proven valuable, particularly for time-resolved studies. However, many important aspects of GDVN functionality have yet to be thoroughly understood and/or refined due to fabrication limitations. We report the application of 2-photon polymerization as a form of high-resolution 3D printing to fabricate high-fidelity GDVNs with submicron resolution. This technique allows rapid prototyping of a wide range of different types of nozzles from standard CAD drawings and optimization of crucial dimensions for optimal performance. Three nozzles were tested with pure water to determine general nozzle performance and reproducibility, with nearly reproducible off-axis jetting being the result. X-ray tomography and index matching were successfully used to evaluate the interior nozzle structures and identify the cause of off-axis jetting. Subsequent refinements to fabrication resulted in straight jetting. A performance test of printed nozzles at an XFEL provided high quality femtosecond diffraction patterns.
Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2014 (2015)

In 2014, 9 topics were selected as major advances in clinical research for gynecologic oncology: 2 each in cervical and corpus cancer, 4 in ovarian cancer, and 1 in breast cancer. For cervical cancer, several therapeutic agents showed viable antitumor clinical response in recurrent and metastatic disease: bevacizumab, cediranib, and immunotherapies including human papillomavirus (HPV)-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Z-100. The HPV test received FDA approval as the primary screening tool of cervical cancer in women aged 25 and older, based on the results of the ATHENA trial, which suggested that the HPV test was a more sensitive and efficient strategy for cervical cancer screening than methods based solely on cytology. For corpus cancers, results of a phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 249 study of early-stage endometrial cancer with high-intermediate risk factors are followed by the controversial topic of uterine power morcellation in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Promising results of phase II studies regarding the effectiveness of olaparib in various ovarian cancer settings are summarized. After a brief review of results from a phase III study on pazopanib maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer, 2 outstanding 2014 ASCO presentations cover the topic of using molecular subtypes in predicting response to bevacizumab. A review of the use of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer preventive strategy in the general population is presented. Two remarkable studies that discussed the effectiveness of adjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer have been selected as the last topics covered in this review.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐related protein 1 (IGFBP‐rP1) has potential tumour‐suppressive activity in human lung cancer (2007)

The expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is decreased in various tumours, but the role of IGFBP-rP1 in lung cancer is not yet clear. In this study, IGFBP-rP1 expression in lung cancer cell lines was evaluated and reduced expression of IGFBP-rP1 was found. In tissue microarrays containing 138 primary tumours and 20 normal lung tissues analysed by immunohistochemistry, 58 tumours (42%) exhibited no expression of IGFBP-rP1, while all 20 normal lung tissues showed high expression. In squamous cell lung cancer, low expression of IGFBP-rP1 was significantly linked to high-grade tumours. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored the expression of IGFBP-rP1 in three of four lung cancer cell lines. Sequencing of PCR products of sodium bisulphite-treated genomic DNA from the three lung cancer cell lines revealed a heterogeneous methylation pattern in the region of exon 1 and intron 1. Stable transfection of IGFBP-rP1 full-length cDNA into the H2170 lung cancer cell line led to increased expression of IGFBP-rP1 protein. IGFBP-rP1-positive transfectants exhibited remarkably reduced colony-forming ability in soft agar, suppression of tumour growth rate in nude mice, and increased apoptotic cell number as well as activated caspase-3 expression level. The data suggest that IGFBP-rP1 is a tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation in human lung cancer.
Pyrazolylamine Derivatives Reveal the Conformational Switching between Type I and Type II Binding Modes of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) (2016)

Most anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors adopt a type I binding mode, but only limited type II ALK structural studies are available. Herein, we present the structure of ALK in complex with N1-(3-4-[([5-(tert-butyl)-3-isoxazolyl]aminocarbonyl)amino]-3-methylphenyl-1H-5-pyrazolyl)-4-[(4-methylpiperazino)methyl]benzamide (5a), a novel ALK inhibitor adopting a type II binding mode. It revealed binding of 5a resulted in the conformational change and reposition of the activation loop, αC-helix, and juxtamembrane domain, which are all important domains for the autoinhibition mechanism and downstream signal pathway regulation of ALK. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that modifications to the structure of 5a led to significant differences in the ALK potency and altered the protein structure of ALK. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural biology study to directly observe how changes in the structure of a small molecule can regulate the switch between the type I and type II binding modes and induce dramatic conformational changes.
On Dirichlet Series and Abelian Varieties Attached to Automorphic Forms (1962)

Since Hecke [13] had given a general theory of constructing Dirichlet series with Euler-product and functional equation out of elliptic modular forms of any level, several authors considered its generalization for other types of automorphic forms. In the case of the Hilbert modular group of level one, Herrmann [14] succeeded in this problem; he has shown the necessity of considering not only the product of the upper half-planes but also the domain r consisting of the points (zl, * * , Zr) of the r-dimensional complex vector space Cr such that Im(z,) # 0, * ., Im(zr) # 0, and h distinct discontinuous groups commensurable to each other, h being the class number of the totally real number field in the problem. On the other hand, the unit-group of an order in an indefinite quaternion algebra over the rational number field Q yields a fuchsian group. In this case, Eichler [6] defined Hecke's operators as representations of algebraic correspondences, called modular correspondences, and proved a formula for the trace of the operators. The trace-formula was proved also by Selberg [22] in a more general formulation. Recently, Godement [9] has given a theory of zeta-functions attached to division algebras; namely, he has shown the possibility of applying the adele-idele method of Iwasawa-Tate [15, 28] to automorphic functions and forms with respect to the unit-group of a division algebra over Q. The case of non-holomorphic automorphic functions of this type has been investigated by Tamagawa [27]. In [25] I have treated cusp-forms with respect to the unit-group of an indefinite quaternion algebra over Q. Now, the purpose of Part I of the present paper is to develop an analogous theory for automorphic forms on the domain ; mentioned above with respect to the unit-groups of an indefinite quaternion algebra. Let F be a totally real algebraic number field of degree t, and D be a quaternion algebra over F. Denote by r the number of infinite prime spots of F unramified in D, and suppose that r > 0. Let D,1 and D-2 denote the product of r copies of the total matric algebra M2(R) over the real number field R and the product of t r copies of the division ring K of real quaternions, respectively. Then, D( Q R is isomorphic to D,1 x D12. Let o be a maximal order in D and I' be the group of units in o. Let y, and 72 237
Forecasting and Futurology (1993)

Abstract The Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research has published forecasts of the Australian economy since the late 1960s. These forecasts (usually 12 to 18 months ahead) have been dominated by short‐term macroeconomic factors. Compared with when the IAESR commenced its forecasting, there are now many forecasters who concentrate on the performance of the Australian economy over the short term. There is, however, a dearth of regular commentary which focuses on policy options for the medium to long term. This article is the first of many which will aim to fill this perceived gap. In so doing we shall adopt a wider concept of forecasting called futurology. In this approach, many constraints of traditional forecasting are relaxed. In particular, we allow responses by economic agents to policy changes. This will suggest plausible situations in which different outcomes are possible. Our purpose is not to suggest what the future will be, but what it might be under different scenarios. Here, we put together some necessary ingredients to facilitate futurology. We review recent Australian economic performance, consider the implications of meeting a goal of five per cent unemployment by the year 2000 and outline some important influences on likely future growth. We suggest that new growth theory may provide a policy framework to achieve both high growth and low unemployment, noting the constraints imposed by increasing globalisation. In subsequent articles, we shall employ these ingredients to write out plausible timepaths setting out how desirable end‐points (including the reduction of unemployment) may be achieved.
Extracellular HIV-1 Tat Protein Up-Regulates the Expression of Surface CXC-Chemokine Receptor 4 in Resting CD4+ T Cells (1999)

Here we report that synthetic HIV-1 Tat protein, immobilized on a solid substrate, up-regulates the surface expression of the CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), but not of the CC-chemokine receptor 5 in purified populations of primary resting CD4+ T cells. The Tat-mediated increase of CXCR4 occurred in a well-defined range of concentrations (1-10 nM of immobilized Tat) and time period (4-8 h postincubation). Moreover, the increase of CXCR4 was accompanied by an increased entry of the HXB2 T cell line-tropic (X4-tropic), but not of the BaL macrophage-tropic strain of HIV-1. The ability of Tat to up-regulate CXCR4 expression was abrogated by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, clearly indicating the requirement of de novo synthesis. As Tat protein is actively released by HIV-1 infected cells, our data indicate a potentially important role for extracellular Tat in rendering bystander CD4+ T cells more susceptible to infection with X4-tropic HIV-1 isolates.