gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence-Specific Photocleavage of DNA by an Expanded Porphyrin with Irradiation above 700 nm (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequence-Specific Photocleavage of DNA by an Expanded Porphyrin with Irradiation above 700 nmDarren Magda, Meredith Wright, Richard A. Miller, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Petra I. SansomCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12, 3629–3630Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00117a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00117a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Joint photo stream and blog post summarization and exploration (2015)

We propose an approach that utilizes large collections of photo streams and blog posts, two of the most prevalent sources of data on the Web, for joint story-based summarization and exploration. Blogs consist of sequences of images and associated text; they portray events and experiences with concise sentences and representative images. We leverage blogs to help achieve story-based semantic summarization of collections of photo streams. In the opposite direction, blog posts can be enhanced with sets of photo streams by showing interpolations between consecutive images in the blogs. We formulate the problem of joint alignment from blogs to photo streams and photo stream summarization in a unified latent ranking SVM framework. We alternate between solving the two coupled latent SVM problems, by first fixing the summarization and solving for the alignment from blog images to photo streams and vice versa. On a newly collected large-scale Disneyland dataset of 10K blogs (120K associated images) and 6K photo streams (540K images), we demonstrate that blog posts and photo streams are mutually beneficial for summarization, exploration, semantic knowledge transfer, and photo interpolation.
Calculations of electrostatic interactions in biological systems and in solutions (1984)

Correlating the structure and action of biological molecules requires knowledge of the corresponding relation between structure and energy. Probably the most important factors in such a structure– energy correlation are associated with electrostatic interactions. Thus the key requirement for quantative understanding of the action of biological molecules is the ability to correlate electrostatic interactions with structural information. To appreciate this point it is useful to compare the electrostatic energy of a charged amino acid in a polar solvent to the corresponding van der Waals energy. The electrostatic free energy, Δ G el , can be approximated (as will be shown in Section II) by the Born formula (Δ G el = –(166Q 2 /ā) (I – I/ E )). Where Δ G el is given in kcal/mol, Q is the charge of the given group, in units of electron charge, ā is the effective radius of the group, and E is the dielectric constant of the solvent. With an effective radius of charged amino acids of approximately 2 Å, Born's formula gives about – 80 kcal/mol for their energy in polar solvents where E is larger than 10. This energy is two orders of magnitude larger than the van der Waals interaction of such groups and their surroundings.
Increased Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Engineered To Express Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R Epitopes (2006)

The glycan shield comprised of multiple carbohydrate chains on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 helps the virus to evade neutralizing antibodies. The present study describes a novel method for increasing immunogenicity of gp120 vaccine by enzymatic replacement of sialic acid on these carbohydrate chains with Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-gal) epitopes. These epitopes are ligands for the natural anti-Gal antibody constituting approximately 1% of immunoglobulin G in humans. We hypothesize that vaccination with gp120 expressing alpha-gal epitopes (gp120(alphagal)) results in in vivo formation of immune complexes with anti-Gal, which targets vaccines for effective uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APC), due to interaction between the Fc portion of the antibody and Fcgamma receptors on APC. This in turn results in effective transport of the vaccine to lymph nodes and effective processing and presentation of gp120 immunogenic peptides by APC for eliciting a strong anti-gp120 immune response. This hypothesis was tested in alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mice, which produce anti-Gal. Mice immunized with gp120(alphagal) produced anti-gp120 antibodies in titers that were >100-fold higher than those measured in mice immunized with comparable amounts of gp120 and effectively neutralized HIV. T-cell response, measured by ELISPOT, was much higher in mice immunized with gp120(alphagal) than in mice immunized with gp120. It is suggested that gp120(alphagal) can serve as a platform for anti-Gal-mediated targeting of additional vaccinating HIV proteins fused to gp120(alphagal), thereby creating effective prophylactic vaccines.
Production, characterization, and species specificity of five monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1987)

The production and characterization of five monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are described. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was tested against other mycobacterial species by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblots. HGT 3a, an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, recognizes a molecule of 38,000 molecular weight present only in the tuberculosis complex of M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. HGT 6, an IgG1 antibody, recognized two molecules with molecular weights of 43,000 and 45,000 and showed limited cross-reactivity. Three other antibodies, HGT 1, HGT 2, and HGT 4, all belonging to the IgG1 type, recognized multiple bands and showed broad reactivity among all mycobacterial antigens tested, Escherichia coli and Nocardia asteroides.
Protein analysis by dynamic light scattering: Methods and techniques for students (2012)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses are routinely used in biology laboratories to detect aggregates in macromolecular solutions, to determine the size of proteins, nucleic acids, and complexes or to monitor the binding of ligands. This article is written for graduate and undergraduate students with access to DLS and for faculty members who wish to incorporate DLS into a lab activity, a practical course or research. It reviews the basic concepts of light scattering measurements and addresses four critical aspects of the analysis and interpretation of DLS results. To ensure reproducible quantitative data, attention should be paid to controlling the preparation and handling of proteins or assemblies because variations in the state of aggregation, induced by minor changes in experimental condition or technique, might compromise DLS results and affect protein activity. Variables like temperature, solvent viscosity, and inter-particle interactions may also influence particle size determination. Every point is illustrated by case studies, including a commercially available albumin, a small RNA virus isolated from plants, as well as four soluble proteins and a ribonucleoprotein assembly purified and characterized by students in the frame of their master degree.
Characterization and Field-Effect Transistor Performance of Heterocyclic Oligomers Containing a Thiazolothiazole Unit (2004)

Abstract Novel mixed five-membered heterocyclic (furan, thiophene, and thiazole) oligomers containing a thiazolothiazole ring system have been investigated as active materials of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The field-effect moblities of 10−4–10−3 cm2/Vs were obtained for the furyl derivatives and their FET performances as p-type semiconductors are presented as the first examples of FET behavior of oligomers including furan rings.
Isotretinoin embryopathy and the cranial neural crest: an in vivo and in vitro study. (1986)

Severe congenital malformations have been associated with the inadvertant use in early pregnancy of a new dermatological drug, isotretinoin. We present proposals for the pathogenesis of this embryopathy based on the study of animal models. The characteristic malformations of the face, thymus, and great vessels were induced in mice by prenatal exposure to the drug during the early somite stages of development. From histological examination of mouse embryos it was shown that the drug directly interferes with the development of cranial neural crest cells. Subsequent deficiency of crest cell-derived mesenchyme adequately explains most of the observed malformations. Rat embryo culture studies showed that, when used at concentrations of 500 ng/ml, both isotretinoin and its main metabolite in the human, 4-oxo-isotretinoin, induce malformations similar to those seen in vivo. Since during normal repetitive dosing in the human the mean trough blood concentration of isotretinoin ranges from 132 to 196 ng/ml, while 4-oxo-isotretinoin ranges from 610 to 791 ng/ml, it is likely that the metabolite plays a major role in the induction of the isotretinoin embryopathy.
FATAL HEART ATTACK AND SUCCESSFUL DEFIBRILLATION (1956)

This is the report of a man who died from a heart attack and in whom defibrillation was successfully accomplished. He was dressed in his street clothes when death and resuscitation occurred. This probably is the first case on record of a man being rescued from a heart attack that occurred outside the operating room; we would like to receive information concerning any other similar instances. One of us (C. S. B.) successfully resuscitated a man whose heart went into asystole while he was being prepared for a gallbladder operation, but this occurred in the operating room, where all necessary equipment for resuscitation was available. This man had coronary artery disease. Another patient developed ventricular fibrillation twice during an operation for coronary artery disease. Defibrillation was successfully accomplished, but fibrillation occurred again two days after operation and the patient died. An x-ray technician died while developing a film in a
Polyethylene glycol-drug ester conjugates for prolonged retention of small inhaled drugs in the lung (2013)

Typically, inhaled drugs are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, which results in systemic side effects and a brief residence time in the lungs. PEGylation was evaluated as a novel strategy for prolonging the retention of small inhaled molecules in the pulmonary tissue. Hydrolysable ester conjugates of PEG₁₀₀₀, PEG₂₀₀₀, ₂₀₀₀, PEG₃₄₀₀ and prednisolone, a model drug cleared from the lungs within a few minutes, were synthesised and thoroughly characterised. The conjugates were stable in buffers with hydrolysis half-lives ranging from 1h to 70 h, depending on the pH and level of substitution. With the exception of PEG₃₄₀₀-prednisolone, conjugates did not induce a significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from Calu-3 cells after a 20 h exposure. Following nebulisation to isolated perfused rat lungs (IPRL), the PEG₂₀₀₀ and mPEG₂₀₀₀ conjugates reduced the maximum prednisolone concentration in the perfusate (Cmax) by 3.0 and 2.2 fold, respectively. Moreover, while prednisolone was undetectable in the perfusion solution beyond 20 min when the free drug was administered, prednisolone concentrations were still quantifiable after 40 min following delivery of the conjugates. This study is the first to demonstrate hydrolysable PEG drug ester conjugates are a promising approach for optimising the pharmacokinetic profile of small drugs delivered by inhalation.
Assessing the heritability of attentional networks (2001)

Current efforts to study the genetics of higher functions have been lacking appropriate phenotypes to describe cognition. One of the problems is that many cognitive concepts for which there is a single word (e.g. attention) have been shown to be related to several anatomical networks. Recently we have developed an Attention Network Test (ANT) that provides a separate measure for each of three anatomically defined attention networks. In this small scale study, we ran 26 pairs of MZ and DZ twins in an effort to determine if any of these networks show sufficient evidence of heritability to warrant further exploration of their genetic basis. The efficiency of the executive attention network, that mediates stimulus and response conflict, shows sufficient heritability to warrant further study. Alerting and overall reaction time show some evidence for heritability and in our study the orienting network shows no evidence of heritability. These results suggest that genetic variation contributes to normal individual differences in higher order executive attention involving dopamine rich frontal areas including the anterior cingulate. At least the executive portion of the ANT may serve as a valid endophenotype for larger twin studies and subsequent molecular genetic analysis in normal subject populations.
Impact of Emergency Colectomy on Survival of Patients With Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis During an Epidemic Caused by a Hypervirulent Strain (2007)

Emergency colectomy reduces mortality in some patients with fulminant CDAD.
Is the time right for in vitro neurotoxicity testing using human iPSC-derived neurons? (2016)

Current neurotoxicity testing heavily relies on expensive, time consuming and ethically debated in vivo animal experiments that are unsuitable for screening large number of chemicals. Consequently, there is a clear need for (high-throughput) in vitro test strategies, preferably using human cells as this increases relevance and eliminates the need for interspecies translation. However, human stem cell-derived neurons used to date are not well characterised, require prolonged differentiation and are potentially subject to batch-to-batch variation, ethical concerns and country-specific legislations. Recently, a number of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons became commercially available that may circumvent these concerns. We therefore used immunofluorescent stainings to demonstrate that human iPSC-derived neurons from various suppliers form mixed neuronal cultures, consisting of different types of (excitatory and inhibitory) neurons. Using multi-well microelectrode array (mwMEA) recordings, we demonstrate that these human iPSC-derived cultures develop spontaneous neuronal activity over time, which can be modulated by different physiological, toxicological and pharmacological compounds. Additional single cell calcium imaging illustrates the presence of functional GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine receptors as well as voltage-gated calcium channels. While human iPSC-derived neuronal cultures appear not yet suitable to fully replace the rat primary cortical model, our data indicate that these rapidly differentiating, commercially available human iPSC-derived neuronal cultures are already suitable for in vitro prioritisation and effect screening studies. Further characterisation and toxicological validation is now required to facilitate acceptance and large-scale implementation of these animal-free, physiologically-relevant human iPSC-based modelsfor future neurotoxicity testing.
The possibility of generating focal regions of complex configurations in application to the problems of stimulation of human receptor structures by focused ultrasound (2008)

Studies of the stimulating effect of ultrasound on human receptor structures have recently become more intensive in connection with the development of promising robotic techniques and systems, sensors, and automated control systems, as well as with the use of taction in the design of a human-machine interface. One of the promising fields of research is the development of tactile displays for transmission of sensory data to a human by an acoustic method based on the effect of radiation pressure. In this case, it is necessary to generate rapidly changing patterns on a display (symbols, letters, digits, etc.), which may often have a complex shape. It is demonstrated that such patterns can be created by the generation of multiple-focus ultrasonic fields with the help of two-dimensional phased arrays whose elements are randomly positioned on the surface. The parameters for such an array are presented. It is shown that the arrays make it possible to form the regions of action by focused ultrasound with various necessary shapes and the sidelobe (or other secondary peak) intensity level acceptable for practical purposes. Using these arrays, it is possible to move the set of foci off the array axis to a distance of at least ±5 mm, which corresponds to the display dimensions. It is possible, on the screen of a tactile display, to generate the regions of action with a very complex shape, for example, Latin letters. This opportunity may be of interest, for example, for the development of systems that enable a blind person to perceive the displayed text information by using the sense of touch.
Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Is a Molecular Determinant for Site-Specific Melanoma Metastasis in the Brain (2009)

Murine melanomas produce site-specific experimental brain metastases that reflect clinical reality. When injected into the internal carotid artery of mice, K-1735 melanoma cells produce metastatic lesions only in the brain parenchyma, whereas B16 melanoma cells and the somatic hybrid cells of B16 x K-1735 melanoma cells produce metastatic lesions only in the leptomeninges and ventricles. In the present study, we identified transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2), an isoform of the TGF-beta family, as a molecular determinant of melanoma cell growth in the brain parenchyma. We found that the TGF-beta2 mRNA was highly expressed by the K-1735 cells, whereas the B16 cells or any B16 x K-1735 somatic cell-cell fusion hybrids have low expression. Transfection of the TGF-beta2 gene into B16 cells resulted in the production of microscopic metastatic lesions in the brain parenchyma, without a decrease in metastasis to the leptomeninges or ventricles. TGF-beta2 knockdown in the K-1735 melanoma cells significantly reduced metastasis to the brain parenchyma but did not induce metastasis to the leptomeninges or ventricles. These data show that TGF-beta2 expression by murine melanoma cells is necessary for the establishment and growth of metastases in the brain parenchyma.
Low Power Visible-to-UV Upconversion (2009)

Low power visible-to-UV photon upconversion is demonstrated for the first time, achieved from two simple organic chromophores dissolved in benzene. Selective 442 nm excitation of the triplet sensitizer 2,3-butanedione (biacetyl) in the presence of the laser dye 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) results in the observation of singlet fluorescence from the latter in the UV centered at 360 nm, anti-Stokes shifted by a record 0.64 eV with respect to the excitation. All of the experimental data are consistent with the upconverted singlet PPO fluorescence being produced as a result of biacetyl-sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) of triplet excited PPO chromophores. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis performed under pseudo-first-order conditions revealed the bimolecular rate constant of triplet-triplet energy transfer between the biacetyl sensitizer and PPO acceptor, k(q) = 9.0 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1). The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted integrated PPO emission intensity measured with respect to incident 442 nm light power density. The maximum quantum yield of the upconverted emission (0.0058 +/- 0.0002) was determined relative to 1,8-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, both measured with 0.389 W/cm(2) incident power density. The PPO triplet-triplet annihilation rate constant (k(TT)) was determined from transient absorption decays monitored at the peak of its characteristic triplet-to-triplet excited-state absorption (500 nm) as a function of incident pulsed laser fluence; this process attains the diffusion limit in benzene at room temperature, k(TT) = 1.1 +/- 0.1 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1).
A snap-shot CMOS active pixel imager for low-noise, high-speed imaging (2002)

Design and performance of a 128/spl times/128 snap-shot imager implemented in a standard single-poly CMOS technology is presented. A new pixel design and clocking scheme allow the imager to provide high-quality images without motion artifacts at high shutter speeds (<75 /spl mu/sec, exposure), with low noise (<5 e/sup -/), immeasurable image lag, and excellent blooming protection.
2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infectionsa (2012)

Foot infections are a common and serious problem in persons with diabetes. Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) typically begin in a wound, most often a neuropathic ulceration. While all wounds are colonized with microorganisms, the presence of infection is defined by ≥2 classic findings of inflammation or purulence. Infections are then classified into mild (superficial and limited in size and depth), moderate (deeper or more extensive), or severe (accompanied by systemic signs or metabolic perturbations). This classification system, along with a vascular assessment, helps determine which patients should be hospitalized, which may require special imaging procedures or surgical interventions, and which will require amputation. Most DFIs are polymicrobial, with aerobic gram-positive cocci (GPC), and especially staphylococci, the most common causative organisms. Aerobic gram-negative bacilli are frequently copathogens in infections that are chronic or follow antibiotic treatment, and obligate anaerobes may be copathogens in ischemic or necrotic wounds. Wounds without evidence of soft tissue or bone infection do not require antibiotic therapy. For infected wounds, obtain a post-debridement specimen (preferably of tissue) for aerobic and anaerobic culture. Empiric antibiotic therapy can be narrowly targeted at GPC in many acutely infected patients, but those at risk for infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms or with chronic, previously treated, or severe infections usually require broader spectrum regimens. Imaging is helpful in most DFIs; plain radiographs may be sufficient, but magnetic resonance imaging is far more sensitive and specific. Osteomyelitis occurs in many diabetic patients with a foot wound and can be difficult to diagnose (optimally defined by bone culture and histology) and treat (often requiring surgical debridement or resection, and/or prolonged antibiotic therapy). Most DFIs require some surgical intervention, ranging from minor (debridement) to major (resection, amputation). Wounds must also be properly dressed and off-loaded of pressure, and patients need regular follow-up. An ischemic foot may require revascularization, and some nonresponding patients may benefit from selected adjunctive measures. Employing multidisciplinary foot teams improves outcomes. Clinicians and healthcare organizations should attempt to monitor, and thereby improve, their outcomes and processes in caring for DFIs.