gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transference Numbers by the Method of Moving Boundaries. (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTTransference Numbers by the Method of Moving Boundaries.D. A. MacInnes and L. G. LongsworthCite this: Chem. Rev. 1932, 11, 2, 171–230Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60039a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60039a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views853Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF FLAVINS‐IV. STUDIES OF THE ANAEROBIC PHOTOLYSIS OF RIBOFLAVIN* (1967)

Abstract A variety of substances which quench the fluorescence of riboflavin decrease the rate of anaerobic photobleaching (photolysis) of the flavin at concentrations which have little effect on the fluorescence. A semi‐quantitative estimate of the yield of various products of photolysis using thin layer chromatography and autoradiography with C 14 ‐labelled riboflavin shows that at least ten radioactive products are formed. Whereas the yield of most of these is decreased by low concentrations of quenchers, such as phenol, some are decreased only at quencher concentrations high enough to decrease the fluorescence significantly. The effects of quenchers on the phosphorescence and ESR signal induced by light were also observed. It is concluded that lumichrome arises, in part, from degradation of the excited singlet state, but that 9‐formylmethylflavin and other products arise through the triplet state. A major product of anaerobic photolysis is a substance moving just ahead of riboflavin on chromatograms and which, like 9‐formylmethylflavin, is destroyed by treatment with sodium hydroxide. Effects of varying the nature of the solvent, the flavin structure and the pH are reported, and the kinetics of processes involved in the primary photochemical acts and in quenching are discussed.
Gene Therapy for Rare Central Nervous System Diseases Comes to Age (2015)

Gene therapy for rare inherited neurologic diseases has entered the clinics. One strategy relies upon the replacement of brain microglia using hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with lentiviral vectors. Therapeutic success using this approach has been obtained in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and metachromatic leukodystrophy. The other strategy relies upon the intracerebral administration of adeno-associated virus vectors encoding lysosomal enzymes. Therapeutic trials are ongoing in Batten's disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and Sanfilippo type A and B diseases.
Papulo-Pruritic Eruption and Giant Ulceration of the Mouth: A Difficult Clinical Feature to Treat in the Patient Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The review article on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the skin by Cockerell<sup>1</sup>in the July 1991 issue of theArchiveswas very informative. We wish to add two other conditions: (1) papulo-pruritic eruption and (2) giant aphthous ulceration of the mouth, a difficult clinical feature to treat in the HIV-infected patient. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> An HIV-positive patient, who developed generalized papulo-pruritic eruption, required psychiatric care for severe depression. He was treated with long-term doxycycline for secondary infection and with isotretinoin, 0.5 mg/kg per day. Isotretinoin has been widely used in the treatment of acne, but, to our knowledge, not for papulo-pruritic rash in a HIV-positive patient. Isotretinoin has a very specific effect on the pilosebaceous gland, causing dramatic reduction in outflow of sebum. This was the reason that we administered the drug to the patient. Initially, the response to treatment was
Effects of overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) on growth control and oncogene-induced cell transformation. (1991)

The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has been implicated in the control of cell growth, differentiation and tumor promotion. To further elucidate its precise role a murine ODC cDNA was inserted into the retrovirus-derived vector pMV7 and retrovirus-like particles were used to infect NIH3T3 and rat 6(R6) fibroblasts. Derivatives were obtained that stably express a 5-40 fold increase in ODC enzyme activity. Despite these high levels of enzyme activity the cells retained a normal morphology and displayed no major changes in growth properties in monolayer culture or in agar suspension. On the other hand, R6 cells that expressed high levels of ODC displayed a marked increase in susceptibility to morphologic transformation by an activated c-H-ras oncogene. These results provide the first evidence that ODC can cooperate with an activated oncogene in the process of cell transformation. Although the mechanism is not known, these findings may be relevant to the multistage carcinogenic process.
Electron Paramagnetic resonance studies of nickel(III)-Oligopeptide complexes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Paramagnetic resonance studies of nickel(III)-Oligopeptide complexesA. Graham Lappin, Carl K. Murray, and Dale W. MargerumCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 6, 1630–1634Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50184a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50184a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EMC SPOTLIGHT (2015)

The purpose of the “SPOTLIGHT” column is to highlight the top downloaded papers from the Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine, preselected based on the statistics of the IEEE Xplore digital library (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org), by presenting their corresponding abstracts. A balance of the top downloaded paper abstracts is published quarterly, giving to the technical and scientific community the opportunity of being informed about the contributions of a wide range of EMC topics, their authors and affiliations, and making the EMC field better known.
Image Signature: Highlighting Sparse Salient Regions (2011)

We introduce a simple image descriptor referred to as the image signature. We show, within the theoretical framework of sparse signal mixing, that this quantity spatially approximates the foreground of an image. We experimentally investigate whether this approximate foreground overlaps with visually conspicuous image locations by developing a saliency algorithm based on the image signature. This saliency algorithm predicts human fixation points best among competitors on the Bruce and Tsotsos [1] benchmark data set and does so in much shorter running time. In a related experiment, we demonstrate with a change blindness data set that the distance between images induced by the image signature is closer to human perceptual distance than can be achieved using other saliency algorithms, pixel-wise, or GIST [2] descriptor methods.
Syntheses and therapeutic potential of hydroxamic acid based siderophores and analogs (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and therapeutic potential of hydroxamic acid based siderophores and analogsMarvin J. MillerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 7, 1563–1579Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00097a011https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00097a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3102Altmetric-Citations241LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natriuretic Peptide Family as a Novel Antimigration Factor of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is proposed to be an important process in the initiation and/or progression of atherosclerosis. The present study examined the effects of the natriuretic peptide family (atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides; ANP, BNP, and CNP) on the migration of cultured rat SMCs, using Boyden's chamber methods. Fetal calf serum (FCS) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB potently stimulated SMC migration. Rat ANP(1-28), rat BNP-45, and rat CNP-22 clearly inhibited SMC migration stimulated with FCS or PDGF-BB in a concentration-dependent manner. CNP-22 had the most potent inhibitory effect compared with other natriuretic peptides. When PDGF-BB-induced migration was separated into chemotactic and chemokinetic activities, the chemotactic component was strongly inhibited by these natriuretic peptides. Such inhibition by these natriuretic peptides was paralleled by an increase in the cellular level of cyclic GMP. The addition of a cyclic GMP analogue, 8-bromo cyclic GMP, and an activator of the cytosolic guanylate cyclase, sodium nitroprusside, significantly inhibited FCS- and PDGF-BB-stimulated migration in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that natriuretic peptides, especially CNP-22, inhibit FCS- or PDGF-BB-stimulated SMC migration at least in part through a cyclic GMP-dependent process. Thus, the natriuretic peptide family may play a role as an antimigration factor of SMCs under certain circumstances.
Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life - should artificial systems have rights? (2003)

The defining features of intelligence, consciousness and life are not clearly prescribed. We cannot say of X that if, and only if, it has properties p, q and r will it also have intelligence, be alive, or be conscious. What we tend to look for when ascribing inner states to another system ‐ I shall use the term ‘system’ to cover both organic and inorganic entities and I shall examine three different areas of this theory of ‘systems’: intelligent systems, conscious systems and living systems ‐ is appropriate behaviour. Then on a basis of that behaviour it is prudent that we behave with the other system as though it has, for example, intelligence, even though we cannot be absolutely certain that it does [viz. [2]]. Work in artificial life (A-Life) suggests that it will only be a matter of a some short period of time, perhaps fifty to a hundred years, until we can create a living system. Whether such a system will be living in inverted commas, or quite naturally alive in an organic sense only it can know for sure, and it would seem wise to consider the rights we might wish to afford an artificially produced living system before it has the complex capabilities to decide for itself.
Interactions between fat and food during deep-frying (2000)

In deep-fat frying the food is completely surrounded by the frying fat or oil and different events occur within a few minutes: dehydration of food surface, absorption of fat, formation of flavour compounds, development of surface colour, etc. Due to the drastic conditions applied during deep-frying, the frying fat also undergoes degradation. Although much work has been done on modifications of used frying fats and oils under different conditions, changes in the fried substrate have been much less studied. Particularly, there is minimal information on some physical and chemical aspects of the interactions between frying fats and fried foods. In this paper the main changes in the frying fat due to the nature of the food fried in it as well as modifications in the food as a consequence of the fat or oil used as heat transfer medium are reviewed. Fat absorption and lipid exchanges are the main physical changes involved. Chemical reactions include interaction between food constituents and oxidised lipids as well as hydrolysis of frying fats due to food moisture.
The receptor-binding site of human relaxin II. A dual prong-binding mechanism (1992)

Recent structure/function studies on human relaxin II have led to the conclusion that the arginines B13 and/or B17 are important for biological activity. These studies have been confirmed and extended with the help of chemically synthesized derivatives, i.e. dicitrulline (B13, B17), two monocitrulline (B13 and B17), a dilysine (B13, 17), and alanine (B17) relaxins. The CD spectra of synthetic human relaxin and of the derivatives are indistinguishable. Yet, only the native human relaxin II is biologically active and binds strongly to relaxin receptor preparations in vitro. The inactivation is strictly due to side chain functions, in particular the replacement of either or both arginines in the positions B13 or B17. Binding is mediated by a two-prong electrostatic and hydrogen-binding interaction via arginines B13 and B17. Neither B13 nor B17 alone are sufficient and a positive charge equidistant from the B chain helix is equally insufficient. This binding mechanism appears to be unique, as concerns hormone receptor interaction.
An engineered high affinity Fbs1 carbohydrate binding protein for selective capture of N-glycans and N-glycopeptides (2017)

A method for selective and comprehensive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides was developed to facilitate detection of micro-heterogeneity of N-glycosylation. The method takes advantage of the inherent properties of Fbs1, which functions within the ubiquitin-mediated degradation system to recognize the common core pentasaccharide motif (Man3GlcNAc2) of N-linked glycoproteins. We show that Fbs1 is able to bind diverse types of N-linked glycomolecules; however, wild-type Fbs1 preferentially binds high-mannose-containing glycans. We identified Fbs1 variants through mutagenesis and plasmid display selection, which possess higher affinity and improved recovery of complex N-glycomolecules. In particular, we demonstrate that the Fbs1 GYR variant may be employed for substantially unbiased enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from human serum. Most importantly, this highly efficient N-glycopeptide enrichment method enables the simultaneous determination of N-glycan composition and N-glycosites with a deeper coverage (compared to lectin enrichment) and improves large-scale N-glycoproteomics studies due to greatly reduced sample complexity.
Effects of cholesterol-tagged small interfering RNAs targeting 12/15-lipoxygenase on parameters of diabetic nephropathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes (2008)

We previously showed that the 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) pathway of arachidonate acid metabolism is involved in multiple events related to diabetic nephropathy (DN), including glomerular hypertrophy and extracellular matrix deposition (Kang SW, Adler SG, Nast CC, LaPage J, Gu JL, Nadler JL, Natarajan R. Kidney Int 59: 1354-1362, 2001; Kang SW, Natarajan R, Shahed A, Nast CC, LaPage J, Mundel P, Kashtan C, Adler SG. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 3178-3187, 2003; Kim YS, Lanting L, Adler SG, Natarajan R. Kindney Int 64: 1702-1714, 2003; Reddy MA, Adler SG, Kim YS, Lanting L, Rossi JJ, Kang SW, Nadler JL, Shahed A, Natarajan R. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283: F985-F994, 2002). In this study, we investigated whether in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting 12/15-LO can ameliorate renal injury and DN in a streptozotocin-injected mouse model of type 1 diabetes. To achieve greater in vivo access and siRNA expression in the kidney, we used double-stranded 12/15-LO siRNA oligonucleotides conjugated with cholesterol. Diabetic DBA/2J mice were injected subcutaneously with either cholesterol-tagged 12/15-LO siRNA, mismatched control siRNA, or vehicle alone, twice weekly for 7 wk. Relative to controls, mice that received 12/15-LO siRNA showed significant reduction in albuminuria, kidney-to-body weight ratios, glomerular mesangial matrix expansion, renal structural damage, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. These effects were associated with lower renal cortical or glomerular levels of profibrotic markers transforming growth factor-beta, connective tissue growth factor, type I and type IV collagens, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and fibronectin. The diabetes-induced increase in glomerular cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that are associated with hypertrophy was also prevented by siRNA administration. Our results show for the first time that systemic delivery of cholesterol-tagged siRNAs targeting 12/15-LO has renoprotective effects under diabetic conditions and therefore could be a novel therapeutic approach for DN.
A Polymorphic Enhancer near GREM1 Influences Bowel Cancer Risk through Differential CDX2 and TCF7L2 Binding (2014)

A rare germline duplication upstream of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist GREM1 causes a Mendelian-dominant predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The underlying disease mechanism is strong, ectopic GREM1 overexpression in the intestinal epithelium. Here, we confirm that a common GREM1 polymorphism, rs16969681, is also associated with CRC susceptibility, conferring ∼20% differential risk in the general population. We hypothesized the underlying cause to be moderate differences in GREM1 expression. We showed that rs16969681 lies in a region of active chromatin with allele- and tissue-specific enhancer activity. The CRC high-risk allele was associated with stronger gene expression, and higher Grem1 mRNA levels increased the intestinal tumor burden in Apc(Min) mice. The intestine-specific transcription factor CDX2 and Wnt effector TCF7L2 bound near rs16969681, with significantly higher affinity for the risk allele, and CDX2 overexpression in CDX2/GREM1-negative cells caused re-expression of GREM1. rs16969681 influences CRC risk through effects on Wnt-driven GREM1 expression in colorectal tumors.
Cloning and characterization of SRP1, a suppressor of temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutations, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

The SRP1-1 mutation is an allele-specific dominant suppressor of temperature-sensitive mutations in the zinc-binding domain of the A190 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We found that it also suppresses temperature-sensitive mutations in the zinc-binding domain of the Pol I A135 subunit. This domain had been suggested to be in physical proximity to the A190 zinc-binding domain. We have cloned the SRP1 gene and determined its nucleotide sequence. The gene encodes a protein of 542 amino acids consisting of three domains: the central domain, which is composed of eight (degenerate) 42-amino-acid contiguous tandem repeats, and the surrounding N-terminal and C-terminal domains, both of which contain clusters of acidic and basic amino acids and are very hydrophilic. The mutational alteration (P219Q) responsible for the suppression was found to be in the central domain. Using antibody against the SRP1 protein, we have found that SRP1 is mainly localized at the periphery of the nucleus, apparently more concentrated in certain regions, as suggested by a punctate pattern in immunofluorescence microscopy. We suggest that SRP1 is a component of a larger macromolecular complex associated with the nuclear envelope and interacts with Pol I either directly or indirectly through other components in the structure containing SRP1.
The C2-streptavidin delivery system promotes the uptake of biotinylated molecules in macrophages and T-leukemia cells (2010)

Macrophages are tightly associated with inflammatory diseases as well as carcinogenesis, and therefore represent promising targets for drug delivery and gene transfer. We have recently established a novel protein delivery system based on the binary C2 toxin of Clostridium botulinum and streptavidin, allowing the uptake of exogenous biotinylated molecules into mammalian cells. Here, we applied this C2-streptavidin delivery system to macrophages and other leukocytes. First, the effect of wild-type C2 toxin on different leukocyte cell lines was tested, indicating no differences in sensitivity. Next, the uptake and stability of the engineered C2-streptavidin was analyzed in macrophages and Jurkat T-cells, showing internalization into the cytosol of both cell types with similar kinetics. The transporter did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect and did not interfere with phagocytosis in primary human macrophages. The C2-streptavidin system promoted specific uptake of biotinylated fluorophores into the cytosol of macrophages as revealed by confocal microscopy. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly enhanced uptake of biotinylated fluorescent tracers in Jurkat leukemia cells mediated by the C2-streptavidin transporter. Our results demonstrate that C2-streptavidin is a functional delivery system for transport of biotinylated molecules into macrophages and other leukocytes without compromising cell viability and intrinsic functions such as phagocytosis.