gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of gltS and gltP, which encode glutamate carriers of Escherichia coli B (1989)

Two genes encoding distinct glutamate carrier proteins of Escherichia coli B were cloned into an E. coli K-12 strain by using a cosmid vector, pHC79. One of them was the gltS gene coding for a glutamate carrier of an Na+-dependent, binding protein-independent, and glutamate-specific transport system. The content of the glutamate carrier was amplified about 25-fold in the cytoplasmic membranes from a gltS-amplified strain. The gltS gene was located in a 3.2-kilobase EcoRI-MluI fragment, and the gene product was identified as a membrane protein with an apparent Mr of 35,000 in a minicell system. A gene designated gltP was also cloned. The transport activity of the gltP system in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from a gltP-amplified strain was driven by respiratory substrates and was independent of the concentrations of Na+, K+, and Li+. An uncoupler, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, completely inhibited the transport activities of both systems, whereas an ionophore, monensin, inhibited only that of the gltS system. The Kt value for glutamate was 11 microM in the gltP system and 3.5 microM in the gltS system. L-Aspartate inhibited the glutamate transport of the gltP system but not that of the gltS system. Aspartate was taken up actively by membrane vesicles from the gltP-amplified strain, although no aspartate uptake activity was detected in membrane vesicles from a wild-type E. coli strain. These results suggest that gltP is a structural gene for a carrier protein of an Na+-independent, binding protein-independent glutamate-aspartate transport system.
Use of storage phosphor imaging plates in portal imaging and high‐energy radiography: The intensifying effect of metallic screens on the sensitivity (1991)

The sensitivity of storage phosphor imaging plates (SPIP) at megavolt photon energies (60Co, 6-, 10-, and 18-MV radiotherapy beams) is studied both experimentally and by Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations. In addition, the same techniques are used to investigate the intensifying effect of metal screens on the sensitivity of the SPIP. The results provide evidence that the sensitivity of the SPIPs is proportional to the absorbed energy in the phosphor layer per cGy. The spectral sensitivity is calculated for photon energies between 10 keV and 20 MeV for various SPIP-screen combinations.
Control of Autofluorescence of Archival Formaldehyde-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissue in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) (2001)

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers the advantage of quasi-theoretical resolution due to absence of interference with out-of-focus light. Prerequisites include minimal tissue autofluorescence, either intrinsic or induced by fixation and tissue processing, and minimal background fluorescence due to nonspecific binding of the fluorescent label. To eliminate or reduce autofluorescence, three different reagents, ammonia-ethanol, sodium borohydride, and Sudan Black B were tested on paraffin sections of archival formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Paraffin sections of biopsy specimens of human bone marrow, myocardium, and of bovine cartilage were compared by CLSM at 488-nm, 568-nm and 647-nm wavelengths with bone marrow frozen sections fixed either with formaldehyde or with glutaraldehyde. Autofluorescence of untreated sections related to both the specific type of tissue and to the tissue processing technique, including fixation. The reagents' effects also depended on the type of tissue and technique of tissue processing, including fixation, and so did the efficiency of the reagents tested. Therefore, no general recipe for the control of autofluorescence could be delineated. Ammonia-ethanol proved most efficient in archival bone marrow sections. Sudan Black B performed best on myocardium, and the combination of all three reagents proved most efficient on paraffin sections of cartilage and on frozen sections fixed in formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Sodium borohydride was required for the reduction of unwanted fluorescence in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. In formaldehyde-fixed tissue, however, sodium borohydride induced brilliant autofluorescence in erythrocytes that otherwise remained inconspicuous. Ammonia-ethanol is believed to reduce autofluorescence by improving the extraction of fluorescent molecules and by inactivating pH-sensitive fluorochromes. The efficiency of borohydride is related to its capacity of reducing aldehyde and keto-groups, thus changing the fluorescence of tissue constituents and especially of glutaraldehyde-derived condensates. Sudan Black B is suggested to mask fluorescent tissue components.
Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: Superiority of synovium as a cell source (2005)

Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in MSC properties according to tissue source, beyond donor and experimental variation. Superiority of synovium as a potential source of MSCs for clinical applications was demonstrated.
Space-based digital LWIR HgCdTe staring focal plane array design (1997)

The design for a staring focal plane array with on focal plane A/D was developed to support space based sensor applications. Readout interface requirements and noise analysis were completed for an HgCdTe LWIR detector 256 by 256 array with 13.9 micron cutoff operating at 40 K with background of 10<SUP>11</SUP> or less. The Amain developed MOSAD (multiplexed oversample A/D) technology was applied as the readout and focal plane A/D converter with a requirement for 12 bits of conversion accuracy at 100 frames per second, a pixel pitch as small as 30 microns and heat load lower than analog readout. In the analysis of the readout requirements, consideration for SNR, dynamic range, linearity, well capacity, heat dissipation and component total dose drift were included. Conclusions are that greater than 12 bits dynamic range can be supported and that commercial grade microelectronics can be used for the digital readout, requiring only periodic gain calibration to compensate for component aging due to space environmental effects. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The Cambridge Model Distributed System (1980)

This paper contains a description of the Cambridge Model Distributed System (CMDS).
Lower threshold for adenosine-induced chest pain in patients with angina and normal coronary angiograms (1992)

Patients with angina-like chest pain and normal coronary angiograms have a low pain threshold and low tolerance to pain induced by adenosine.
HLA DNA typing: past, present, and future (2012)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II loci are the most polymorphic genes in the human genome, with a highly clustered and patchwork pattern of sequence motifs. In the three decades since the first HLA gene was isolated by molecular cloning (a cDNA clone of HLA-B7), thousands of alleles have been identified and the names and sequences of all known alleles have been curated in the IMGT/HLA database. This extensive allelic diversity made and continues to make high-resolution HLA DNA typing very challenging. The first attempt at HLA DNA typing involved restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, but this approach had many limitations. The development of PCR in 1985 allowed for the amplification of the polymorphic exons of the HLA class I and class II genes and the analysis of the polymorphic sequence motifs with sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) hybridization probes. The immobilization of these probes on membranes and later on beads, along with primer sets for sequence-specific priming (SSP), gave rise to the current set of HLA typing reagents. Sanger sequencing has provided high-resolution typing but, in many cases, genotyping 'ambiguity' remains an issue. In the past few years, the introduction of next-generation sequencing, with the critical properties of massively parallel and clonal sequencing, has significantly reduced HLA genotyping ambiguity. Here, our lab's efforts to develop high-resolution and high-throughput HLA DNA typing using the 454 Sequencing System are reviewed, and the potential future developments and applications of HLA DNA typing are discussed.
Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000-20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion of C9 into lipid bilayers. (1990)

Human cells are relatively resistant to lysis by the homologous complement system. Here we describe the mechanism of action of a recently discovered and widely distributed 18,000-20,000 molecular weight (MW) membrane glycoprotein (CD59), which appears to act as a major protective element against complement-mediated lysis (hence called protectin). When incorporated into heterologous erythrocyte membranes, protectin efficiently prevented cell lysis by human serum. Neutralization with antibody of the naturally occurring protectin on human erythrocytes or on nucleated K562 cells increased their susceptibility to lysis by homologous complement. During complement activation, protectin became incorporated into the membrane attack complex (MAC). By interacting with newly exposed regions in the C5b-8 complex and in aggregating C9 it limited the number of C9 molecules associating with the C5b-8 complex to a C8:C9 ratio of 1:1.5 instead of a normal average of 1:3.5. The results demonstrate directly that protectin is a powerful inhibitor of complement cytolysis and acts by inhibiting the C5b-8 catalysed insertion of C9 into the lipid bilayer.
Analysis of Cell Surface Carbohydrate Expression Patterns in Normal and Tumorigenic Human Breast Cell Lines Using Lectin Arrays (2007)

Cell surface carbohydrates play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, fertilization, differentiation, development, and tumor cell metastasis. Lectins are proteins of nonimmune origin which recognize and bind to specific carbohydrate structural epitopes. We have recently described the development and use of lectin arrays as tools for the elucidation of the carbohydrate structures expressed on cell surfaces. In the present work this technology is employed for the characterization of differences in carbohydrate expression patterns on normal and tumorigenic human breast cell lines, as well as on sublines differing in their tendency to "home" to different tissues during metastasis. Significant differences were observed, including changes that correlate with metastatic potential as well as with tissue-specific homing of metastatic cells.
GeneChip analysis of human embryonic stem cell differentiation into hemangioblasts: an in silicodissection of mixed phenotypes (2007)

The significance of this microarray study is in its ability to assess and identify cellular populations within a heterogeneous population through biologically relevant in silico comparisons of publicly available data sets. In conclusion, multiple in silico comparisons were necessary to characterize tissue-specific genetic signatures within a heterogeneous hemangioblast population.
Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Patients With Narcolepsy (2006)

Narcoleptic patients show increased plasma levels of sTNF-R p75, suggesting a functional alteration of the TNF-alpha cytokine system, further corroborating a possible pathogenic role of the immune system in this sleep disorder.
The Membrane Form of the Type II IL-1 Receptor Accounts for Inhibitory Function (2000)

IL-1 signaling is mediated by the type I IL-1R (IL-1RI). The nonsignaling type II receptor has a regulatory function, since it reduces IL-1 effects by scavenging free IL-1 molecules. This regulatory function has been demonstrated only for the soluble form, released from the membrane receptor by action of specific proteases, but is still ill-defined for the membrane receptor itself. To assess the function of membrane IL-1RII, a modified IL-1RII cDNA was constructed, in which the cleavable domain was replaced with the corresponding uncleavable sequence of the epidermal growth factor receptor. The human keratinocyte line HaCaT, which does not express wild-type IL-1RII (wtIL-1RII), was stably transfected with this modified cDNA (unconventionally cleavable IL-1RII (uIL-1RII)). Cells transfected with uIL-1RII expressed the membrane form of IL-1RII, but were unable to produce the 60-kDa soluble receptor. Upon analysis of IL-1 responsiveness, parental HaCaT and vector-transfected cells (E27), expressing IL-1RI and the accessory chain IL-1R accessory protein, were responsive to IL-1. Conversely, cells overexpressing wtIL-1RII (811) or uIL-1RII (9D4) showed comparable reduction in responsiveness to both IL-1alpha (bound by membrane and soluble receptors) and IL-1beta (recognized by the membrane receptor only), suggesting that the membrane form of the IL-1RII is mainly responsible for IL-1 inhibition. In contrast with wtIL-1RII, uIL-1RII did not interact with IL-1R accessory protein. Thus, the membrane form of IL-1RII possesses strong IL-1-inhibitory activity, independent of sequestration of the accessory protein and circumscribed to its ligand sink function.
Modulating the Expression of Disease Genes with RNA-Based Therapy (2007)

Conventional gene therapy has focused largely on gene replacement in target cells. However, progress from basic research to the clinic has been slow for reasons relating principally to the challenges of heterologous DNA delivery and regulation in vivo. Alternative approaches targeting RNA have the potential to circumvent some of these difficulties, particularly as the active therapeutic molecules are usually short oligonucleotides and the target gene transcript is under endogenous regulation. RNA-based strategies offer a series of novel therapeutic applications, including altered processing of the target pre-mRNA transcript, reprogramming of genetic defects through mRNA repair, and the targeted silencing of allele- or isoform-specific gene transcripts. This review examines the potential of RNA therapeutics, focusing on antisense oligonucleotide modification of pre-mRNA splicing, methods for pre-mRNA trans-splicing, and the isoform- and allele-specific applications of RNA interference.
Electrolysis Processes in D.C. Corona Discharges in Humid Air (1995)

Aqueous solutions exposed to the flux of the neutrals emitted in a d.c. point-to-plane corona discharge in air enriched with NO-3 and NO-2 anions as the matching counter-ions of the protons. The nitrate concentration continuously increases with the treatment time while that of the nitrites presents a maximum. Both concentrations are increasing functions of the current intensity and the exposure time. These results are examined in terms of successive electrochemical reactions and involve oxidation and reduction reactions at each electrode.
Scanning Single-Electron Transistor Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges (1997)

A single-electron transistor scanning electrometer (SETSE)-a scanned probe microscope capable of mapping static electric fields and charges with 100-nanometer spatial resolution and a charge sensitivity of a small fraction of an electron-has been developed. The active sensing element of the SETSE, a single-electron transistor fabricated at the end of a sharp glass tip, is scanned in close proximity across the sample surface. Images of the surface electric fields of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure sample show individual photo-ionized charge sites and fluctuations in the dopant and surface-charge distribution on a length scale of 100 nanometers. The SETSE has been used to image and measure depleted regions, local capacitance, band bending, and contact potentials at submicrometer length scales on the surface of this semiconductor sample.
Chronic Pain and Heart Rate Variability in a Cross-Sectional Occupational Sample (2015)

Our results suggest that the DIP indexed by vagal activity operationalized as RMSSD is disturbed in persons with chronic pain. Furthermore, the correlations between RMSSD and pain are different between those without and those with chronic pain. The findings are discussed, emphasizing changes in brain activity and the comorbid dysregulation of emotion in patients with chronic pain, to provide implications for the treatment of chronic pain.
[P‐157]: Memory preservation diet (C) 2005 for reducing risk and slowing progression of Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Scientific evidence suggests the importance of nutritional and other lifestyle factors in reducing or elevating risk of Alzheimer's disease as well as affecting speed of progression of AD. Develop primary strategies and details of a nutritional intervention program for reducing risk of AD in older adults and slowing progression in persons with early stage AD. Review relevant bodies of evidence through Medline and internet searches, scientific conference presentations, and study of neuro-scientific and nutritional literature helpful to understanding possible nutrition-related mechanisms for etiology of AD. Create interdisciplinary team with necessary skills to design and implement a nutritional and behavioral change intervention program and a randomized clinical trial. Evidence to date suggests a convergence between epidemiological evidence of nutrition-related protective/risk factors for AD and those identified for chronic diseases such as stroke, diabetes and vascular diseases thought to elevate risk for AD, as well as between the AD epidemiological evidence and that arising from tissue, and animal and human clinical studies. For instance, studies demonstrate fruits and vegetables can improve cognitive and physical functioning, vitamin C can reduce inflammatory action; omega 3 PUFAs enhance action of vitamins E and C and vice-versa. Other studies demonstrate independent contributions of antioxidants, DHA omega-3's, folates to prevent/reverse cognitive decline in AD transgenic mice and or inhibit beta-amyloid. Further evidence suggests how nutrients can modify several mechanisms thought to affect etiology of AD including impaired brain cell membrane repair and function, microgliosis, inflammation, impaired blood flow, and oxidative damage, as well as insulin sensitivity, all which may affect development of amyolid plaques or NFTs characteristic of AD. Since AD is a complex and severe disease, reductionist approaches seeking a single pharmacological or nutritional agent may be insufficient to slow progression once symptoms appear, or to prevent or delay onset. We conclude the evidence supports anutritional invention emphasizing the synergistic contributions to brain cell health of (1)omega-3s, especially DHA, (2)folates & B vitamins, (3)vitamins C and E and other vitamins in addition to foods rich in a variety of anti-oxidants, (4) prevention/reduction of insulin resistance, and (5) prevention of inflammation.
ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the severity of major depressive disorder and its response to escitalopram treatment (2010)

Our findings suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene may be indicators of the severity of depression and of the likely S-CIT treatment remission response in MDD.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway Correlates with VEGF Expression in Head and Neck Cancer. Implications for Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis (2001)

We evaluated the role of COX-2 pathway in 35 head and neck cancers (HNCs) by analyzing COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in relation to tumor angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. COX-2 activity was also correlated to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression. COX-2 mRNA and protein expression was higher in tumor samples than in normal mucosa. PGE2 levels were higher in the tumor front zone in comparison with tumor core and normal mucosa (P<.0001). Specimens from patients with lymph node metastasis exhibited higher COX-2 protein expression (P=.0074), PGE2 levels (P=.0011) and microvessel density (P<.0001) than specimens from patients without metastasis. A significant correlation between COX-2 and tumor vascularization (r(s)=0.450, P=.007) as well as between COX-2 and microvessel density with VEGF expression in tumor tissues was found (r(s)=0.450, P=.007; r(s)=0.620, P=.0001, respectively). The induction of COX-2 mRNA and PGE2 synthesis by EGF and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in A-431 and SCC-9 cell lines, resulted in an increase in VEGF mRNA and protein production. Indomethacin and celecoxib reversed the EGF- and LPS-dependent COX-2, VEGF, and PGE2 increases. This study suggests a central role of COX-2 pathway in HNC angiogenesis by modulating VEGF production and indicates that COX-2 inhibitors may be useful in HNC treatment.
Spectral beam combining of Yb-doped fiber lasers with high efficiency (2007)

Spectral beam combining is a power scaling concept for fiber lasers, where several individual laser beams with different wavelengths are overlapped utilizing a dispersive element. We present a combination of three master-oscillator power-amplifier fiber laser systems to a total power of 153 W. Due to the employment of single-polarization low-nonlinearity photonic crystal fibers in the main amplification stages a combining efficiency as high as 95% has been realized. The measured beam quality of M2=1.2 for each laser does not decrease for the combined beam. Thus this setup provides excellent opportunities for brightness enhancement. Additional considerations for further increase in power are made.
Primer Preactivation of Peptidoglycan Polymerases (2011)

Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases are highly conserved bacterial enzymes that catalyze glycan strand polymerization to build the cell wall. Because the cell wall is essential for bacterial cell survival, these glycosyltransferases are potential antibiotic targets, but a detailed understanding of their mechanisms is lacking. Here we show that a synthetic peptidoglycan fragment that mimics the elongating polymer chain activates peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases by bypassing the rate-limiting initiation step.
A system approach to multi-channel acoustic echo cancellation and residual echo suppression for robust hands-free teleconferencing (2015)

The objective of the research is to achieve a systematic combination of acoustic echo reduction components that together achieve a robust performance of the MCAEC system as a whole. Conventional approaches to the acoustic echo reduction system typically assume that individual components would perform ideally. For example, the adaptive algorithm for AEC is often developed in the absence of strong near-end signal, the algorithm for RES is often an added module that is developed as a separate noise reduction component, and the decorrelation procedure for MCAEC is yet another add-on module that simply introduces some form of distortion to the reference signal. The main challenge is in designing a consistent criterion across all modules that can be jointly optimized to form a more consistent framework for acoustic echo reduction. The decorrelation procedure can potentially benefit from the system approach as well if it is designed by taking the near-end listener into account. The MCAEC system should be optimized not only for the echo cancellation and suppression performance, but also for the reference signal quality after the added distortion from the decorrelation procedure. Finally, a tuning strategy is presented to jointly optimize the parameters across all modules using object criteria.