gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of xylose isomerase of a methanol yeast, Candida boidinii, which is involved in sorbitol production from glucose. (1988)

D-Xylose (xylose) isomerase was extracted from xylose-grown cells of a methanol yeast, Candida boidinii (Kloeckera sp.) No. 2201. The enzyme was purified 70-fold, over the original cellfree extract, with a yield of 2.4% in a homogeneous state, as judged on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 130, 000, the enzyme being composed of two subunits of 65, 000. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 4.5 and 37-45°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was markedly enhanced by Mn2+, Mg2+ and Co2+, and the enzyme isomerized aldopentoses and aldohexoses. The Km values for xylose and D-glucose were 5.6 × 10-1M and 4.1×10-1M, and the Vmax values were 5.8 × 102 and 3.3 × 102 μmol/min/mg, respectively. NaHAsO4•7H2O and NaCN strongly inhibited the activity, but HgCl2, NaN3, dithiothreitol, monoiodoacetate and polyols such as D-sorbitol, xylitol and D-mannitol did not inhibit the activity.
Clinical Experience with Adenosine for Controlled Hypotension During Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery (1987)

The cardiovascular effects of adenosine-induced hypotension were studied in 47 patients undergoing intracranial vascular surgery under neurolept anesthesia. Adenosine infusion (214 +/- 18 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 42 +/- 1% from 80 +/- 1 to 46 +/- 1 mm Hg for an average of 29 +/- 5 min of hypotension. Hypotension was associated with a minor increase in heart rate (13 +/- 2%) and with prolongation of the PR interval (9 +/- 2%). ST-T depression did not occur except in one patient with a previous history of myocardial infarction. The adenosine-induced increase in cardiac index (42 +/- 9%, n = 7) was associated with a 63 +/- 10% decrease in systemic vascular resistance index (n = 7) while the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged. Adenosine metabolism was limited and there was no accumulation of the end metabolite, uric acid. Serum creatinine levels were normal in all patients postoperatively. We conclude that adenosine rapidly induces a stable and easily controlled hypotension in man without tachyphylaxis or rebound hypertension. There were no signs of renal or myocardial dysfunction except for dysrhythmias that occurred in two patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
Identification and Characterization of MAE1 , the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Structural Gene Encoding Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme (1998)

Pyruvate, a precursor for several amino acids, can be synthesized from phosphoenolpyruvate by pyruvate kinase. Nevertheless, pyk1 pyk2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae devoid of pyruvate kinase activity grew normally on ethanol in defined media, indicating the presence of an alternative route for pyruvate synthesis. A candidate for this role is malic enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. Disruption of open reading frame YKL029c, which is homologous to malic enzyme genes from other organisms, abolished malic enzyme activity in extracts of glucose-grown cells. Conversely, overexpression of YKL029c/MAE1 from the MET25 promoter resulted in an up to 33-fold increase of malic enzyme activity. Growth studies with mutants demonstrated that presence of either Pyk1p or Mae1p is required for growth on ethanol. Mutants lacking both enzymes could be rescued by addition of alanine or pyruvate to ethanol cultures. Disruption of MAE1 alone did not result in a clear phenotype. Regulation of MAE1 was studied by determining enzyme activities and MAE1 mRNA levels in wild-type cultures and by measuring beta-galactosidase activities in a strain carrying a MAE1::lacZ fusion. Both in shake flask cultures and in carbon-limited chemostat cultures, MAE1 was constitutively expressed. A three- to fourfold induction was observed during anaerobic growth on glucose. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that malic enzyme in S. cerevisiae is a mitochondrial enzyme. Its regulation and localization suggest a role in the provision of intramitochondrial NADPH or pyruvate under anaerobic growth conditions. However, since null mutants could still grow anaerobically, this function is apparently not essential.
Factors Identified as Precipitating Hospital Admissions for Heart Failure and Clinical Outcomes<subtitle>Findings From OPTIMIZE-HF</subtitle> (2008)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00344513.
Nitrite in saliva increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness (2004)

Salivary nitrate from dietary or endogenous sources is reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. In the acidic stomach, nitrite is further reduced to NO and related compounds, which have potential biological activity. We used an in vivo rat model as a bioassay to test effects of human saliva on gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness. Gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness were measured after topical administration of human saliva in HCl. The saliva was collected either after fasting (low in nitrite) or after ingestion of sodium nitrate (high in nitrite). In additional experiments, saliva was exchanged for sodium nitrite at different doses. Mucosal blood flow was increased after luminal application of nitrite-rich saliva, whereas fasting saliva had no effects. Also, mucus thickness increased in response to nitrite-rich saliva. The effects of nitrite-rich saliva were similar to those of topically applied sodium nitrite. Nitrite-mediated effects were associated with generation of NO and S-nitrosothiols. In addition, pretreatment with an inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase markedly inhibited nitrite-mediated effects on blood flow. We conclude that nitrite-containing human saliva given luminally increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus thickness in the rat. These effects are likely mediated through nonenzymatic generation of NO via activation of guanylyl cyclase. This supports a gastroprotective role of salivary nitrate/nitrite.
Barley BLZ1: a bZIP transcriptional activator that interacts with endosperm‐specific gene promoters (1998)

A cDNA encoding a bZIP transcription factor was obtained from barley endosperm and used to identify the corresponding gene from a genomic library. The gene, designated Blz1, contained six exons and five introns, plus a 442 nt-long 5'-untranslated leader sequence, and was located on chromosome 5H. The Blz1 mRNA was detected early in endosperm development and was also expressed in roots and leaves. The BLZ1 protein was a potent transcriptional activator in a yeast system; 85% of its activity was associated with the first 203 amino acid residues at the N-terminus, which included two acidic regions. Presumptive involvement of Blz1 in the regulation of gene expression in endosperm was ascertained by the DNA-binding properties of BLZ1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and by transient expression in barley developing endosperms, using, as effectors, Blz1 in both sense and anti-sense orientations. In the co-bombardment experiments, the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reported gene responded to Blz1 if under the control of the endosperm-specific ltr1 promoter or under a synthetic promoter containing the endosperm box of gene Hor2. Sucrose synthase promoters Ss1 and Ss2 and synthetic promoters containing mutated sequences of Hor2 were unaffected in trans by Blz1.
The structure of the complex between influenza virus neuraminidase and sialic acid, the viral receptor (1992)

Crystallographic studies of neuraminidase-sialic acid complexes indicate that sialic acid is distorted on binding the enzyme. Three arginine residues on the enzyme interact with the carboxylate group of the sugar which is observed to be equatorial to the saccharide ring as a consequence of its distorted geometry. The glycosidic oxygen is positioned within hydrogen-bonding distance of Asp-151, implicating this residue in catalysis.
Noise sensitivity and accuracy of femtosecond pulse retrieval by phase and intensity from correlation and spectrum only (PICASO) (2002)

We investigate the accuracy of the femtosecond pulse-retrieval technique called phase and intensity from correlation and spectrum only (PICASO). Different versions of this technique that make use of balanced and unbalanced intensity and interferometric correlations are compared with respect to the rms phase and the intensity error. The effect of measurement noise on the phase and amplitude retrieval is studied, and the results are compared with other retrieval methods.
Hernia of umbilical cord with congenital short gut. (2015)

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miRNA-Based Rapid Differentiation of Purified Neurons from hPSCs Advancestowards Quick Screening for Neuronal Disease Phenotypes In Vitro (2020)

Obtaining differentiated cells with high physiological functions by an efficient, but simple and rapid differentiation method is crucial for modeling neuronal diseases in vitro using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Currently, methods involving the transient expression of one or a couple of transcription factors have been established as techniques for inducing neuronal differentiation in a rapid, single step. It has also been reported that microRNAs can function as reprogramming effectors for directly reprogramming human dermal fibroblasts to neurons. In this study, we tested the effect of adding neuronal microRNAs, miRNA-9/9*, and miR-124 (miR-9/9*-124), for the neuronal induction method of hPSCs using Tet-On-driven expression of the Neurogenin2 gene (<i>Ngn2</i>), a proneural factor. While it has been established that <i>Ngn2</i> can facilitate differentiation from pluripotent stem cells into neurons with high purity due to its neurogenic effect, a long or indefinite time is required for neuronal maturation with <i>Ngn2</i> misexpression alone. With the present method, the cells maintained a high neuronal differentiation rate while exhibiting increased gene expression of neuronal maturation markers, spontaneous calcium oscillation, and high electrical activity with network bursts as assessed by a multipoint electrode system. Moreover, when applying this method to iPSCs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with <i>presenilin-1</i> (<i>PS1</i>) or <i>presenilin-2</i> (<i>PS2</i>) mutations, cellular phenotypes such as increased amount of extracellular secretion of amyloid β42, abnormal oxygen consumption, and increased reactive oxygen species in the cells were observed in a shorter culture period than those previously reported. Therefore, it is strongly anticipated that the induction method combining <i>Ngn2</i> and miR-9/9*-124 will enable more rapid and simple screening for various types of neuronal disease phenotypes and promote drug discovery.
Phase Synchronization of Digitally Modulated Burst Carriers in TDMA Systems - A Technology Overview (2005)

Time division use of the radio spectrum has created new multiple access techniques involving transmission of bursts of digitally modulated carriers using phase shift keyed modulation. Such systems are known as TDMA and involve burst carriers incorporating data rates from kilobits to gigabits per second. In order for these digitally modulated bursts to be demodulated at a terminal remote from the transmitter or source, it is necessary to provide a means to "recover" carrier frequency and phase from the received burst in order to be able to operate a coherent receiver. This paper will discuss the types of carrier burst synchronization techniques now in use, including the use of preambles to each burst which contain modulation by unique bit words which can be used to phase synchronize the receiver demodulator oscillator on a burst-to-burst basis. This paper will discuss the new microwave techniques of multipliers, tracking filters, anti-hangup resonators, which can be used to accomplish this synchronization for data rates from 40 Mbps to 1.6 Gbps.
Novel Aerobactin Receptor in Klebsiella pneumoniae (1989)

Several Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which produced enterochelin but not aerobactin were nevertheless sensitive to cloacin DF13. In contrast, a strain of serotype K1:O1 which produced both siderophores was cloacin-resistant. Loss by mutation of the O1 but not K1 antigen rendered this strain cloacin-sensitive, indicating that the O1 antigen prevented access of cloacin to the cloacin/aerobactin receptor. Unlike the K1:O1 strain, the aerobactin-negative strains failed to hybridize in a colony blot assay with an aerobactin receptor gene probe prepared from pColV-K30. However, antisera raised against the 74 kDa pColV-K30 aerobactin receptor cross-reacted with a 76 kDa outer-membrane protein in each K. pneumoniae strain. In addition to the 76 kDa protein, the K1:O1 strain also produced a strongly cross-reacting 74 kDa protein. To determine whether these aerobactin-negative strains could use aerobactin, mutants unable to synthesize siderophores were isolated. Aerobactin promoted the growth of these mutants in iron-deficient media. The evidence presented suggests that some K. pneumoniae strains produce an aerobactin iron-uptake system without apparent production of aerobactin and which is probably based on a 76 kDa receptor, the gene for which does not hybridize with aerobactin receptor gene encoded on pColV-K30.
The role of DYRK1A in neurodegenerative diseases (2010)

Recent studies indicate that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, which is located on chromosome 21q22.2 and is overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), may play a significant role in developmental brain defects and in early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss and dementia in DS. The identification of hundreds of genes deregulated by DYRK1A overexpression and numerous cytosolic, cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins, including transcription factors, phosphorylated by DYRK1A, indicates that DYRK1A overexpression is central for the deregulation of multiple pathways in the developing and aging DS brain, with structural and functional alterations including mental retardation and dementia. DYRK1A overexpression in DS brains may contribute to early onset neurofibrillary degeneration directly through hyperphosphorylation of tau and indirectly through phosphorylation of alternative splicing factor, leading to an imbalance between 3R-tau and 4R-tau. The several-fold increases in the number of DYRK1A-positive and 3R-tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles in DS support this hypothesis. Moreover, the enhanced phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein by overexpressed DYRK1A facilitates amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein cleavage elevating Aβ40 and 42 levels, and leading to brain β-amyloidosis. Therefore, inhibiting DYRK1A activity in DS may serve to counteract the phenotypic effects of its overexpression and is a potential method of treatment of developmental defects and the prevention of age-associated neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer-type pathology.
Mucosal immunity in HIV controllers: the right place at the right time (2011)

Recent findings suggest that MHC class I-restricted, CD8+ T cells are a major component of immune control in 'elite controllers'. In addition, the presence of these effector cells at or near critical viral reservoirs, such as mucosal tissues, may be critical in determining their effectiveness at limiting viral replication and dissemination.
The Benefits of a Hydantoin - Based Slimicide in Papermaking Applications (2001)

The proper selection and use of a wetend biocidal treatment program is a key element in a paper mill's effort to optimize efficiencies in the face of technological changes. With increased emphasis on the use of recycled paper, changes in papermaking chemistry from acidic to alkaline and efforts to reduce water use and consumption, the ability to control microorganisms and associated problems has become even more critical. Modern biocidal treatment programs seek to achieve the performance of the ideal biocide that is cost effective, fast acting, broad spectrum in efficacy and applicability, environmentally friendly, and low in toxicity. Oxidizing biocides possess several of these characteristics, in particular, cost effectiveness, fast action and broad-spectrum efficacy. The hydantoin - based slimicide, Dantobrom PG, developed and patented (1) by Lonza Inc., provides the advantages of an oxidizing slimicide program, along with efficacy in both acid and alkaline furnishes, improvements in furnish compatibility and in environmental impact profile. This hydantoin - based slimicide offers cost performance advantages over not only conventional nonoxidizing biocides, but also over common oxidizing biocides. Significantly, Dantobrom PG was able to achieve this high performance level at lower applied total halogen concentrations, which translates to a significant reduction in relative product usage, resulting in negligible impact on furnish components and reduced impact on waste discharges. The efficacy of Dantobrom PG observed under lab conditions has been confirmed in commercial field applications. Lab efficacy studies and extensive field application experience have demonstrated this hydantoin slimicide possesses wide applicability and is cost effective in controlling microorganisms and their related problems in papermills producing a variety of paper grades including tissue, writing, copy, forgery-protected, magazine, newsprint and paper board.
Principles of protein-protein interactions. (1996)

This review examines protein complexes in the Brookhaven Protein Databank to gain a better understanding of the principles governing the interactions involved in protein-protein recognition. The factors that influence the formation of protein-protein complexes are explored in four different types of protein-protein complexes--homodimeric proteins, heterodimeric proteins, enzyme-inhibitor complexes, and antibody-protein complexes. The comparison between the complexes highlights differences that reflect their biological roles.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer into Injured Arteries: Quantitative Analysis of Repeated Administration (1996)

We evaluated quantitatively the efficiency and safety of, and influence of either prior arterial injury or immunity against adenovirus on adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into injured arteries of a relatively large animal model, the dog. A replication-defective adenovirus expressing bacterial lacZ was introduced percutaneously into balloon-injured femoral arteries through a double balloon catheter. After a single dose of adenovirus, up to 90% of surface and smooth muscle cells in multiple layers of the media showed transgene expression evaluated by X-Gal histostaining without extralocal expression, as assessed by the polymerase chain reaction. High level expression measured as beta-galactosidase activity peaked at 7 days after transfer and was transient, though retained for a month. Gene transfer performed just after balloon injury induced submaximal gene expression. A second administration of the same adenovirus to the same arterial site enhanced lacZ expression significantly despite the presence of an immune response. Expression of lacZ was also detected in preimmunized dogs, although the expression levels correlated inversely to the titer of neutralizing antibodies in their serum. These data may provide a scientific foundation for the use of adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer in future clinical practice.
Liposomes in Double-Emulsion Globules (2009)

Tubular liposomes containing a hydrophilic model compound (fluorescein sodium salt, FSS) were entrapped inside the internal aqueous phase (W(1)) of water-in-oil-in-water (W(1)/O/W(2)) double-emulsion globules. Our hypothesis was that the oil membrane of double emulsions can function as a layer of protection to liposomes and their contents and thus better control their release. Liposomes were prepared in bulk, and their release was observed microscopically from individual double-emulsion globules. The liposomes containing FSS were released through external coalescence, and the behavior of this system was monitored visually by capillary video microscopy. Double-emulsion globules were stabilized with Tween 80 as the water-soluble surfactant, with Span 80 as the oil-soluble surfactant, while the oil phase (O) was n-hexadecane. The lipids in the tubular liposomes consist of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and Ceramide-VI. Variations of Tween 80 concentration in the external aqueous phase (W(2)) and Span 80 concentration in the O phase controlled the release of liposomes from the W(1) phase to the W(2) phase. The major finding of this work is that the sheer presence of liposomes in the W(1) phase is by itself a stabilizing factor for double-emulsion globules.
Chemistry of Proximal π-Bond Systems. Part I. Synthesis of Vicinal Exocyclic Dimethylene Hydrocarbons (1972)

Thirteen new bi- or polycyclic vicinal exocyclic dimethylene hydrocarbons (10–22) have been synthesized and some of their spectral properties recorded. The generally most useful synthetic route to such compounds utilizes base-catalyzed double elimination from trans-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkyl p-toluenesulfonates as the final step in the production of the conjugated diene.
Amplification of Genomic Sequences Flanking T-DNA Insertions by Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (2004)

Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR) is an efficient tool for the recovery of DNA fragments adjacent to known sequences. A protocol is presented for the amplification of genomic sequences flanking DNA (T-DNA or transposon) insertions using the TAIL-PCR method. The amplified products are suitable as templates for direct sequencing, or for cloning in vectors. Examples are given in use of the protocol for T-DNA tagging in rice using the pCAMBIA binary vectors.
Gene therapy : principles and applications (1999)

I. Gene Transfer Methods.- 1 Retroviral Vectors.- 2 Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy.- 3 Receptor Mediated Gene Transfer.- 4 Liposomes in Gene Therapy.- 5 Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (r AAV) Vectors.- 6 Gene Transfection Using Particle Bombardment.- II. Gene Therapy of Single Gene Defects.- 1 Gene Therapy for Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies.- 2 Models of Lysosomal Storage Disorders Useful for the Study of Gene Therapy.- 3 Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis.- 4 Gene Therapy of Familial Hypercholesterolemia.- III. Gene Marking.- 1 Gene Marking in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation.- 2 Gene Marking of T Lymphocytes.- 3 MDR1 Gene Transfer to Hematopoietic Cells.- IV. Gene Therapy of Cancer.- 1 The c-myb Protooncogene: A Novel Target for Human Gene Therapy.- 2 Thymidine Kinases.- 3 Strategies for Enhancing Tumor Immunogenicity (or how to transform a tumor cell in a Frankenstenian APC).- 4 T Blankenstein Vaccines using Gene-Modified Tumor Cells.- 5 Autologous and Allogeneic Tumor Cell Vaccines.- 6 Identification of Tumor Antigens Defined by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes and Therapeutic Implications.- 7 Peptide Vaccination.- 8 Combination Effects of Gene Modified Tumor Cell Vaccines and Chemotherapy.