gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Placental Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Pre-Eclampsia (1997)

1. The role of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is unclear. We have tested the hypothesis that placental activity of the enzyme which synthesizes nitric oxide (nitric oxide synthase) is reduced in pre-eclampsia. 2. Placentae were obtained after vaginal delivery or Caesarean section from women who had been assigned to the following groups according to standard obstetric criteria: term non-pre-eclamptic control, term pre-eclamptic, preterm non-pre-eclamptic control and preterm pre-eclamptic. Nitric oxide synthase activity of placental tissue homogenates was assessed by measuring conversion of [3H]L-arginine into [3H]L-citrulline in the presence of NADPH, FAD, tetrahydrobiopterin, calmodulin, CaCl2, magnesium acetate and a range of L-arginine concentrations. Michaelis Menton constants (K(m)) amd maximum velocities of reaction (Vmax) were calculated using Lineweaver-Burk analysis. 3. Vmax was significantly reduced in both term and preterm pre-eclamptic placentae compared with placentae from corresponding gestation-matched controls. There were no significant differences in the K(m) values for nitric oxide synthase between any of the four groups, nor were Vmax or K(m) values significantly influenced by mode of delivery. 4. These results provide evidence that human placental nitric oxide synthase activity is significantly reduced in pre-eclampsia. Such a reduction was evident at both term and preterm gestations. Reduced placental nitric oxide synthase activity may have an adverse effect on placental haemodynamic function in pre-eclampsia, and could be involved in the pathogenesis of this important and common obstetric complication.
Integrating long‐offset transient electromagnetics (LOTEM) with seismics in an exploration environment1 (1996)

Abstract The applications of electromagnetics have increased in the past two decades because of an improved understanding of the methods, improved service availability, and the increased focus of exploration in the more complex reservoir characterization issues. For electromagnetic methods surface applications for hydrocarbon Exploration and Production are still a special case, while applications in borehole and airborne research and for engineering and environmental objectives are routine. In the past, electromagnetic techniques, in particular deep transient electromagnetics, made up a completely different discipline in geophysics, although many of the principles are similar to the seismic one. With an understanding of the specific problems related to data processing initially and then acquisition, the inclusion of principles learned from seismics happened almost naturally. Initially, the data processing was very similar to seismic full‐waveform processing. The hardware was also changed to include multichannel acquisition systems, and the field procedures became very similar to seismic surveying. As a consequence, the integration and synergism of the interpretation process is becoming almost automatic. The long‐offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) technique will be summarized from the viewpoint of its similarity to seismics. The complete concept of the method will also be reviewed. An interpretation case history that integrates seismic and LOTEM from a hydrocarbon area in China clearly demonstrates the limitations and benefits of the method.
An Integrated ISFETs Instrumentation System in Standard CMOS Technology (2010)

This paper describes an integrated ISFETs instrumentation system in a 0.18 μm 1-poly-6-metal CMOS process. The chip is able to compute the average of CMOS ISFETs' threshold voltages by using an averaging array employing global negative current feedback. In addition, neither reference voltage nor current is required to set up the sigma-delta modulator because the internal signal is converted and processed in the frequency domain. The chip operates at 3.3 V for the analog blocks and the digital input/output blocks, and at 1.8 V for the core digital logic. It achieves 8 bits accuracy under 80 μW static power consumption. The die area is 2.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Detecting texts of arbitrary orientations in natural images (2012)

With the increasing popularity of practical vision systems and smart phones, text detection in natural scenes becomes a critical yet challenging task. Most existing methods have focused on detecting horizontal or near-horizontal texts. In this paper, we propose a system which detects texts of arbitrary orientations in natural images. Our algorithm is equipped with a two-level classification scheme and two sets of features specially designed for capturing both the intrinsic characteristics of texts. To better evaluate our algorithm and compare it with other competing algorithms, we generate a new dataset, which includes various texts in diverse real-world scenarios; we also propose a protocol for performance evaluation. Experiments on benchmark datasets and the proposed dataset demonstrate that our algorithm compares favorably with the state-of-the-art algorithms when handling horizontal texts and achieves significantly enhanced performance on texts of arbitrary orientations in complex natural scenes.
Power system applications of fiber optics (1984)

Power system applications of optical systems, primarily using fiber optics, are reviewed. The first section reviews fibers as components of communication systems. The second section deals with fiber sensors for power systems, reviewing the many ways light sources and fibers can be combined to make measurements. Methods of measuring electric field gradient are discussed. Optical data processing is the subject of the third section, which begins by reviewing some widely different examples and concludes by outlining some potential applications in power systems: fault location in transformers, optical switching for light fired thyristors and fault detection based on the inherent symmetry of most power apparatus. The fourth and final section is concerned with using optical fibers to transmit power to electric equipment in a high voltage situation, potentially replacing expensive high voltage low power transformers. JPL has designed small photodiodes specifically for this purpose, and fabricated and tested several samples. This work is described.
A Novel Adenovirus—Adeno-Associated Virus Hybrid Vector That Displays Efficient Rescue and Delivery of the AAV Genome (1996)

Adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV) are eukaryotic DNA viruses being developed as vectors for human gene therapy. The strengths of each system have been exploited in a novel vector that is based on an adenovirus-AAV hybrid virus incorporated into a plasmid-based molecular conjugate. Efficient rescue and replication of the recombinant AAV genome in this hybrid required transient expression of rep. This feature was incorporated into the transducing particle by conjugating a rep expression plasmid to the hybrid virus through a polylysine bridge. The resulting particle is an attractive vehicle for gene therapy because it is easily manufactured and capable of efficiently transducing cells with the end result being rescue and replication of the recombinant AAV genome. This particle is also useful in the production of recombinant AAV resulting in yields 10-fold greater than that achieved with transfection-based protocols.
High-molecular-weight RNAs of AKR, NZB, and wild mouse viruses and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus all have similar dimer structures (1978)

Several 50 to 70S tumor viral RNAs have previously been shown by electron microscopy to be dimers, with the two monomer subunits joined near their 5' ends. Five additional naturally occurring type C RNA tumor viruses have now been examined: AKR, and endogenous murine ecotropic virus; NZB, an endogenous murine xenotropic virus; and ecotropic and an amphotropic virus isolated from a wild mouse; and the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). All five 50 to 70S RNAs have similar 5'-to-5' dimer structures. Therefore, the observations support the hypothesis that the dimer linkage is a structural feature common to all type C mammalian viruses. REV is the first example of an avian virus with a clear 5'-to 5' dimer linkage. All of the mammalian viral RNAs, but not REV, showed symmetrically placed loops in each subunit of the dimer. Possible molecular structures and biological functions of the dimer linkages and loops are discussed.
THE RENAL HANDLING OF HEMOGLOBIN (1969)

The fate of small doses of isotopically labeled isologous hemoglobin was studied in the rat. When haptoglobin depleted animals were given 2.0 mg of (59)Fe hemoglobin intravenously, nearly half was trapped by the kidneys. Kidney (59)Fe activity disappeared slowly over several weeks. Whatever iron was lost from the kidneys was largely reutilized. In contrast, the porphyrin of hemoglobin absorbed by the kidneys appeared to be rapidly catabolized, since 5 hr after the injection of (14)C or (59)Fe heme-labeled hemoglobin only a small fraction was recovered as hematin. Likewise, after injection of globin-labeled hemoglobin, rapid disappearance of kidney protein activity indicated that the absorbed globin was readily catabolized in situ.
Side-wall damage in a transmission electron microscopy specimen of crystalline Si prepared by focused ion beam etching (1999)

In focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM) specimens, highly accelerated ion beams sometimes cause serious damage. The damage can be induced in both the specimen surface and the side walls. We used the X-TEM technique to investigate the sidewall damage in crystalline Si. The damaged layer was found to be about 20 nm thick in the case of 30-keV-FIB etching. We evaluated several techniques for reducing the damage, such as gas-assisted etching (GAE) with iodine, low-energy FIB etching, and cleaning by broad argon ion milling or by wet etching. The damage depth was 19 nm for GAE and 10 nm for 10 keV FIB etching, and was reduced to 7 nm by 3 keV argon ion milling with a beam current of 20 μA and a tilt angle between the beam and the specimen of 4°. Wet etching using a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acid removed most of the damaged layer. The effect of the damaged layer on TEM observation was also investigated, and it was shown that removal of the damaged layer results in a high-resolution TEM image.
Coherent 2D IR Spectroscopy:  Molecular Structure and Dynamics in Solution (2003)

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational spectroscopy is an experimental tool for investigating molecular dynamics in solution on a picosecond time scale. We present experimental and theoretical methods for obtaining a 2D IR correlation spectrum and modeling the underlying microscopic information. Fourier transform 2D spectra are obtained from heterodyne-detected third-order nonlinear signals using a sequence of broad bandwidth femtosecond IR pulses. A 2D IR correlation spectrum with absorptive line shapes results from the addition of 2D rephasing and nonrephasing spectra, which sample conjugate frequencies during the initial evolution time period. The 2D IR spectrum contains peaks with different positions, signs, amplitudes, and line shapes characterizing the vibrational eigenstates of the system and their interactions with the surrounding bath. The positions of the peaks map the transition frequencies between the ground, singly, and doubly excited states of the system and thus describe the anharmonic vibrational potential. Peak amplitudes reflect the relative magnitudes and orientations of the transition dipole moments in the molecular frame, the electrical anharmonicity of the system, and the vibrational relaxation dynamics. The 2D line shapes are sensitive to the system−bath interactions in solution. We illustrate how 2D IR spectra taken with varying polarization conditions and as a function of a variable waiting time can be used to isolate and quantify these spectroscopic observables. As a model vibrational system, we use the strongly coupled asymmetric and symmetric carbonyl stretches of Rh(CO)2C5H7O2 (RDC) dissolved in hexane and chloroform. The polarization-selective 2D IR spectra of RDC in hexane are analyzed in terms of two coupled local coordinates to obtain their mutual orientation and the magnitude of the coupling between them. The 2D line-shape study of RDC in chloroform performed as a function of the waiting period characterizes the system−bath interactions, revealing that the system transition energies fluctuate in a correlated manner.
Target amplification for DNA analysis by the polymerase chain reaction. (1990)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a standard laboratory technique. An enzymatic reaction, as simple to perform as it is satisfying to contemplate, the PCR solves two of the more universal problems in the chemistry of natural nucleic acids. It allows for the physical separation any particular sequence of interest from its context; and then provides for an in vitro amplification of this sequence which is virtually without limit. The surprising robustness of PCR derives from its fortuitous combination of three phenomena, each of which is intrinsically powerful. The first of these is the impressive ability of almost all oligodeoxynucleotides to bind tightly and specifically to their complementary nucleic acid sequences, discriminating easily between hundreds of thousands of sites. The second familiar phenomenon is illustrated by the notion that the probability for the occurrence of a compound action is the product of the individual probabilities for the occurrence of each of its components. The third phenomenon embodied in the polymerase chain reaction relates to the branching structure of its propagation and the inherent robustness attached to such a form. Consideration of the above leads to certain generalities regarding the relative utility of various protocols for carrying out the PCR. Specific conditions of time, temperatures, concentrations, etc. will be described, as well as sample preparation and analytical methods.
Characterization of a Calcium Phosphate-Based Matrix for rhBMP-2 (2003)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins that have crucial roles in growth and regeneration of skeletal tissues. In particular, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been shown to induce new bone formation by differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells into osteoblasts (1). BMPs act locally, and thus for a clinically beneficial outcome, a carrier matrix is required to retain therapeutic levels of BMP at the repair site (2,3). The potent osteoinductive ability of BMP-2 has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical (4–9) and clinical studies (10–14). Recent data from clinical trials have reported success in the areas of open fracture repair (10,14), interbody spinal fusion (11), and maxillofacial reconstruction (12,13) using rhBMP-2 delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). Because rhBMP-2/ACS requires implantation, there is a continuing need for an easily injectable carrier to deliver rhBMP-2 percutaneously to closed fractures. Here, we outline characterization of a calcium phosphate (CaP)-based injectable carrier as a delivery matrix for rhBMP-2.
Augmentation and Suppression of Immune Responses to an HIV-1 DNA Vaccine by Plasmid Cytokine/Ig Administration (1998)

The use of cytokines has shown promise as an approach for amplifying vaccine-elicited immune responses, but the application of these immunomodulatory molecules in this setting has not been systematically explored. In this report we investigate the use of protein- and plasmid-based cytokines to augment immune responses elicited by an HIV-1 gp120 plasmid DNA vaccine (pV1J-gp120) in mice. We demonstrate that immune responses elicited by pV1J-gp120 can be either augmented or suppressed by administration of plasmid cytokines. A dicistronic plasmid expressing both gp120 and IL-2 induced a surprisingly weaker gp120-specific immune response than did the monocistronic pV1J-gp120 plasmid. In contrast, systemic delivery of soluble IL-2/Ig fusion protein following pV1J-gp120 vaccination significantly amplified the gp120-specific immune response as measured by Ab, proliferative, and CTL levels. Administration of plasmid IL-2/Ig had different effects on the DNA vaccine-elicited immune response that depended on the temporal relationship between Ag and cytokine delivery. Injection of plasmid IL-2/Ig either before or coincident with pV1J-gp120 suppressed the gp120-specific immune response, whereas injection of plasmid IL-2/Ig after pV1J-gp120 amplified this immune response. To maximize immune responses elicited by a DNA vaccine, therefore, it appears that the immune system should first be primed with a specific Ag and then amplified with cytokines. The data also show that IL-2/Ig is more effective than native IL-2 as a DNA vaccine adjuvant.
A comparative study of power control approaches for device-to-device communications (2013)

Device-to-device (D2D) communications integrated into cellular networks is a means to take advantage of the proximity of devices and thereby to increase the user bitrates and system capacity. D2D communications has recently been proposed for the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system as a method to increase the spectrum- and energy-efficiency. Such systems support a wide range of power control schemes based on a combination of open-loop and closed-loop components and there is a need to set the associated control parameters such that spectrum- and energy-efficiency targets are met. In this paper we study the performance of various power control strategies applicable to D2D communications in LTE networks and compare them with a utility function maximization approach that balances spectrum efficiency and the total transmission power. Our reference scheme is based on a fully distributed algorithm that iteratively sets the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) targets and corresponding transmit power levels. We find that the LTE-based power control approach performs close to the optimal scheme provided that the associated parameters are properly set <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Water-tolerant lithium metal cycling in high lithium concentration phosphonium-based ionic liquid electrolytes (2018)

Cycling stability at high capacities and water-tolerance are two key properties for the operation of high-capacity lithium (Li) metal–air batteries.
Complete nucleotide sequence of theEscherichia coli gdhAgene (1983)

The DNA sequence of the gdhA gene of Escherichia coli K12, which encodes the 447 amino acid polypeptide subunit of NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase, is presented. The deduced protein sequence is strongly homologous to the corresponding enzyme of the eukaryotic fungus Neurospora crassa. The upstream DNA sequence includes several overlapping promoter consensus sequences. The downstream DNA sequence contains inverted repeats, predicted as forming long stable stem-loop structures in RNA, homologous to those found in several enterobacterial intergenic regions.
Derivation and Growing Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Feeders Derived from Themselves (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent. They have the potential to differentiate into every cell type of an organism. Since many human somatic cell types have the ability to support the growth of hESCs, cells differentiated from hESCs may also be able to support the growth of themselves. We tested this hypothesis by growing hESCs on feeders derived from themselves and demonstrated that such feeders did constitute an environment suitable for the derivation and long-term growth of hESCs. hESCs maintained in this system expressed all the markers indicative of the undifferentiated state and gave rise to cell types representative of all three primary germ layers upon differentiation. By modifying the genome of hESCs, feeders with special features can be derived and mass produced. The system will facilitate large-scale production of hESCs in a standardized animal pathogen-free environment.
Identification of a Novel Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Inhibitor in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Structure-Based Virtual Screening (2018)

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is able to regulate gene transcription by catalyzing the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residue of histone, which plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Many efforts have been taken in discovering small-molecular inhibitors against PRMT5, but very few were reported and most of them were SAM-competitive. EPZ015666 is a recently reported PRMT5 inhibitor with a new binding site, which is different from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-binding pocket. This new binding site provides a new clue for the design and discovery of potent and specific PRMT5 inhibitors. In this study, the structure-based virtual screening targeting this site was firstly performed to identify potential PRMT5 inhibitors. Then, the bioactivity of the candidate compound was studied. MTT results showed that compound T1551 decreased cell viability of A549 and H460 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. By inhibiting the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5, T1551 reduced the global level of H4R3 symmetric dimethylation (H4R3me2s). T1551 also downregulated the expression of oncogene FGFR3 and eIF4E, and disturbed the activation of related PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling in A549 cell. Finally, we investigated the conformational spaces and identified collective motions important for description of T1551/PRMT5 complex by using molecular dynamics simulation and normal mode analysis methods. This study provides a novel non-SAM-competitive hit compound for developing small molecules targeting PRMT5 in non-small cell lung cancer.
A Potential Preclinical Migraine Model: CGRP-Sensitized Mice. (2009)

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine. However, a major challenge for studying CGRP actions is the lack of animal models for migraine. Clinical studies suggested that migraineurs are more sensitive to CGRP than people who do not suffer from migraine. We therefore generated a transgenic mouse that is sensitized to CGRP (nestin/hRAMP1 mice). The mice have elevated expression of a subunit of the CGRP receptor, human receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (hRAMP1). Nestin/hRAMP1 mice have two symptoms of migraine: photophobia and mechanical allodynia. The light aversion was greatly enhanced by intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP. CGRP had little effect on motility in the light zone, but once in the dark, the mice moved less than controls. The CGRP-induced light aversion was attenuated by co-administration of the CGRP receptor antagonist olcegepant. These findings suggest that CGRP acts as a neuromodulator to increase sensory responses and that regulation of a single gene, hRAMP1, could potentially contribute to migraine susceptibility.