gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early blood–brain barrier disruption in human focal brain ischemia (2004)

Loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resulting from ischemia/reperfusion is believed to be a precursor to hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and poor outcome. We used a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker to characterize early BBB disruption in human focal brain ischemia and tested for associations with reperfusion, HT, and poor outcome (modified Rankin score >2). BBB disruption was found in 47 of 144 (33%) patients, having a median time from stroke onset to observation of 10.1 hours. Reperfusion was found to be the most powerful independent predictor of early BBB disruption (p = 0.018; odds ratio, 4.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-13.1). HT was observed in 22 patients; 16 (72.7%) of those also had early BBB disruption (p < 0.001; odds ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.85-23.1). In addition to baseline severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >6), early BBB disruption was found to be an independent predictor of HT. Because the timing of the disruption was early enough to make it relevant to acute thrombolytic therapy, early BBB disruption as defined by this imaging biomarker may be a promising target for adjunctive therapy to reduce the complications associated with thrombolytic therapy, broaden the therapeutic window, and improve clinical outcome.
A 17‐kDa CD4‐binding glycoprotein present in human seminal plasma and in breast tumor cells (1995)

We previously isolated gp17, a human seminal plasma glycoprotein, which specifically interacts with the D1-D2 region of CD4, a T cell surface molecule involved in antigen recognition mediated by helper T cells also acting as a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. In this study we report that monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting with gp17 are able to inhibit the binding of gp17 to immobilized soluble CD4. An immunohistochemical analysis shows that gp17 is also expressed in mammary tumor cells upon hormone treatment and in biopsies from breast cancer patients. A structural characterization of gp17, including amino acid sequencing, indicates that the protein has an extensive structural similarity with a glycoprotein designated as seminal actin-binding protein (SABP), also secreted by male sexual glands. SABP is in turn identical to gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) or prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), a factor known as a highly specific and sensitive marker of primary and metastatic apocrine breast cancer. To establish further the correspondence of gp17 and GCDFP-15/PIP/SABP, the latter was expressed in bacteria from a cloned cDNA and purified by affinity chromatography to either anti-gp17 mAb-Sepharose or CD4-Sepharose. The purified recombinant protein is shown to inhibit the binding of labeled, pure g17 to immobilized soluble CD4. The finding that breast cancer cells express a protein able to interact with the CD4 domains involved in the recognition of class II major histocompatibility antigens suggests a possible mechanism by which a tumor may affect the activity of tumor-infiltrated CD4+ T cells.
Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking (2002)

A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image which may be used for copyright protection. This paper proposes that Fourier-Mellin transform-based invariants can be used for digital image watermarking. The embedded marks may be designed to be unaffected by any combination of rotation, scale and translation transformations. The original image is not required for extracting the embedded mark.
A novel role for maternal stress and microbial transmission in early life programming and neurodevelopment (2014)

Perturbations in the prenatal and early life environment can contribute to the development of offspring stress dysregulation, a pervasive symptom in neuropsychiatric disease. Interestingly, the vertical transmission of maternal microbes to offspring and the subsequent bacterial colonization of the neonatal gut overlap with a critical period of brain development. Therefore, environmental factors such as maternal stress that are able to alter microbial populations and their transmission can thereby shape offspring neurodevelopment. As the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is primarily inoculated at parturition through the ingestion of maternal vaginal microflora, disruption in the vaginal ecosystem may have important implications for offspring neurodevelopment and disease risk. Here, we discuss alterations that occur in the vaginal microbiome following maternal insult and the subsequent effects on bacterial assembly of the neonate gut, the production of neuromodulatory metabolites, and the developmental course of stress regulation.
Glutamate Receptor RNA Editing in Vitro by Enzymatic Conversion of Adenosine to Inosine (1995)

RNA encoding the B subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR-B) undergoes a posttranscriptional modification in which a genomically encoded adenosine is represented as a guanosine in the GluR-B complementary DNA. In vitro editing of GluR-B RNA transcripts with HeLa cell nuclear extracts was found to result from an activity that converts adenosine to inosine in regions of double-stranded RNA by enzymatic base modification. This activity is consistent with that of a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase previously described in Xenopus oocytes and widely distributed in mammalian tissues.
Mice transgenic for an expanded CAG repeat in the Huntington's disease gene develop diabetes. (1999)

The autosomal dominant neurological syndrome of Huntington's disease has been modeled in transgenic mice by the expression of a portion of the human huntingtin gene together with 140 CAG repeats (the R6/2 strain). The mice develop progressive chorea with onset at approximately 9 weeks of age and with death at approximately 13 weeks. Associated symptoms include weight loss and polyuria in the absence of eating or drinking deficits. We have found that these mice have insulin-responsive diabetes. Fasting glucose was 211 + 19 mg/dl in R6/2 mice compared with 93 + 5 mg/dl in C57/B6 controls (n = 12, both groups; P < 0.01). Administration of insulin intraperitoneally led to a reduction in blood glucose. At 12.5 weeks, animals were killed and pancreas weighed and analyzed for insulin and glucagon. Pancreatic mass in R6/2 mice was the same as controls, and islets appeared normal in morphology without lymphocytic infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining showed dramatic reductions in glucagon in the alpha-cells and in insulin in the beta-cells. Direct tissue assays showed glucagon and insulin content were reduced to only 10 and 15% of controls, respectively. Diabetes has been reported as being more common in Huntington's disease and other triplet repeat disorders. The R6/2 mouse should prove useful for elucidating the mechanism of diabetes in these genetic diseases.
Short-term nonpressor angiotensin II infusion stimulates sodium transporters in proximal tubule and distal nephron (2015)

In Sprague Dawley rats, 2-week angiotensin II (AngII) infusion increases Na(+) transporter abundance and activation from cortical thick ascending loop of Henle (TALH) to medullary collecting duct (CD) and raises blood pressure associated with a pressure natriuresis, accompanied by depressed Na(+) transporter abundance and activation from proximal tubule (PT) through medullary TALH. This study tests the hypothesis that early during AngII infusion, before blood pressure raises, Na(+) transporters' abundance and activation increase all along the nephron. Male Sprague Dawley rats were infused via osmotic minipumps with a subpressor dose of AngII (200 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 3 days. Overnight urine was collected in metabolic cages and sodium transporters' abundance and phosphorylation were determined by immunoblotting homogenates of renal cortex and medulla. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, overnight urine volume, urinary Na(+) and K(+) excretion, or rate of excretion of a saline challenge between AngII and vehicle infused rats. The 3-day nonpressor AngII infusion significantly increased the abundance of PT Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), cortical TALH Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 2 (NKCC2), distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), and cortical CD ENaC subunits. Additionally, phosphorylation of cortical NKCC2, NCC, and STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) were increased; medullary NKCC2 and SPAK were not altered. In conclusion, 3-day AngII infusion provokes PT NHE3 accumulation as well as NKCC2, NCC, and SPAK accumulation and activation in a prehypertensive phase before evidence for intrarenal angiotensinogen accumulation.
Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL)-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 Contributes to Activation of the Lectin Complement Pathway (2008)

The complement system plays an important role in innate immunity. In the lectin complement pathway, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins act as recognition molecules, and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) is a key enzyme. It has been suggested that MASP-2 is responsible for the activation of C4. Other serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-3) are also associated with MBL or ficolins; however, their functions are still controversial. In this study, a MASP-1- and MASP-3-deficient mouse model (MASP1/3(-/-)) was generated by a gene targeting strategy to investigate the roles of MASP-1 and MASP-3 in the lectin pathway. Serum derived from MASP1/3(-/-) mice showed significantly lower activity of both C4 and C3 deposition on mannan-agarose, and this low activity was restored by the addition of recombinant MASP-1. MASP-1/3-deficient serum showed a significant delay for activation of MASP-2 compared with normal serum. Reconstitution of recombinant MASP-1 in MASP-1/3-deficient serum was able to promote the activation of MASP-2. From these results, we propose that MASP-1 contributes to the activation of the lectin pathway, probably through the activation of MASP-2.
Bile Salts, Sterols, Sterol Esters, Glycerides and Fatty Acids in Micellar and Oil Phases of Intestinal Contents during Fat Digestion in Man (1971)

Article Bile Salts, Sterols, Sterol Esters, Glycerides and Fatty Acids in Micellar and Oil Phases of Intestinal Contents during Fat Digestion in Man was published on January 1, 1971 in the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (volume 9, issue 1).
Autologous solution protects bovine cartilage explants from IL‐1α‐ and TNFα‐induced cartilage degradation (2013)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage driven by an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To address the cartilage deterioration observed in OA, an autologous protein solution (APS) has been developed which has been shown to inhibit the production of destructive proteases and inflammatory cytokines from chondrocytes and monocytes, respectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the chondroprotective effect of APS on IL-1α- or TNFα-challenged bovine articular cartilage explants. Cartilage explants were cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α and TNFα. Explants under equivalent inflammatory conditions were pretreated with recombinant antagonists IL-1ra, sTNF-RI, or APS to measure their inhibition of matrix degradation. Explants were further evaluated with Safranin-O, Masson's Trichrome, and Hematoxylin and Eosin histological staining. APS was more effective than recombinant antagonists in preventing cartilage matrix degradation and inhibited any measurable IL-1α-induced collagen release over a 21-day culture period. APS treatment reduced the degree of Safranin-O staining loss when cartilage explants were cultured with IL-1α or TNFα. Micrographs of APS treated cartilage explants showed an increase in observed cellularity and apparent cell division. APS may have the potential to prevent cartilage loss associated with early OA.
The Reduction of SiO2 with Carbon in a Plasma (1977)

The feasibility of a process for the reduction of low impurity silica with carbon in a plasma heat source was investigated. An rf induction plasma reactor was fabricated and used to optimize process variables. Maximum silicon content of the product was 33% by weight. Emission spectrographic analysis of this product showed a reduction in some impurity levels of one to two orders of magnitude. While the plasma approach proved technically feasible, poor heat transfer from the plasma to the reactant and low yield make the process economically unattractive for large‐scale use.
Bayes risk minimization using metric loss functions (2005)

In this work, fundamental properties of Bayes decision rule using general loss functions are derived analytically and are verified experimentally for automatic speech recognition. It is shown that, for maximum posterior probabilities larger than 1/2, Bayes decision rule with a metric loss function always decides on the posterior maximizing class independent of the specific choice of (metric) loss function. Also for maximum posterior probabilities less than 1/2, a condition is derived under which the Bayes risk using a general metric loss function is still minimized by the posterior maximizing class. For a speech recognition task with low initial word error rate, it is shown that nearly 2/3 of the test utterances fulfil these conditions and need not be considered for Bayes risk minimization with Levenshtein loss, which reduces the computational complexity of Bayes risk minimization. In addition, bounds for the difference between the Bayes risk for the posterior maximizing class and minimum Bayes risk are derived, which can serve as cost estimates for Bayes risk minimization approaches.
A comprehensive delay model for CMOS inverters (1995)

A method to accurately calculate the delay and the output transition-time of a CMOS inverter for any input ramp and output loading is considered. This paper is an extension of Sakurai's work (1990) on delay modeling of inverters for fast input ramps. We observed that two different mechanisms, that can be adequately modeled analytically, govern the delay and the output transition-time of an inverter in two extreme cases: infinitely fast and infinitely slow inputs. These extreme points are joined by a curve that can predict the delay and the output transition-time for any input. We found that the delay and the output transition-time for an inverter with small fanouts are similar to those for large input transition-times. This behavior is explained by the use of I-V trajectories. We describe a method to generate parameters to model delay and output transition-time for different fanouts and input transition-times; this method can be generalized to add parameters for different temperatures and supply voltages. Given a new process technology and its corresponding SPICE-model parameters, our delay calculation scheme comprises characterizing a minimal number of coefficients for each new technology (a one-time process) and evaluating the analytical forms thereafter to obtain the delay and the transition-time. Our delay equations also explain negative delays that arise in case of slow input rise-times. A program incorporating the above idea has been implemented in C. Delay and transition-time values obtained from the program have been found to be typically within 3% of SPICE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth Factors in Vitreous and Subretinal Fluid Cells from Patients with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (1993)

Mechanisms accounting for the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment remain poorly understood. In a previous study, we found the presence of various growth factors in preretinal membranes that were surgically removed from patients with PVR. The present immunohistological study was undertaken in intravitreal and subretinal fluid cells from patients suffering from PVR in various stages of development, in order to seek the presence of 4 growth-promoting factors for retinal pigment epithelial cells: acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Results were quite similar in vitreous and subretinal fluid. Acidic FGF was found in all vitreous and subretinal specimens, in 30-100% of the examined cells. Immunoreactivity for EGF could be found in 53% of intravitreal cells and 69% of subretinal fluid cells. Positive cells were seen in all vitreous specimens and in all but 1 of the subretinal fluid specimens. IGF-I-containing cells were present in 13 of 15 vitreous specimens and in 18 of 20 subretinal fluid samples (mean percentages of reactivity in positive specimens 70% and 78%, respectively). In contrast, TGF-beta 1 reactivity was found in only 8 of 15 vitreous specimens and in 11 of 20 subretinal samples. Mean percentages of reactive cells were 30% and 50%, respectively. These results suggest that several growth factors could be involved in the proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells during the course of PVR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiogenesis in the thyroid gland (2000)

Angiogenesis is the mechanism of blood vessel formation after the first few days of embryogenesis, and is essential for all tissue growth. In adults, angiogenesis occurs in the thyroid during disease processes including goitre, Graves' disease, thyroiditis and cancer. The molecular mechanisms controlling angiogenesis are becoming clearer, and therapy targeting these processes is coming closer to clinical fruition. Both promoters and inhibitors of angiogenesis have been identified in the thyroid, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor, and thrombospondin. This commentary will review the understanding of the control of angiogenesis within the context of the thyroid gland, and review the pre-eminent role of VEGF as the angiogenic signal from the follicular cells to the endothelial cells.
In vitro Stimulation with WT1 Peptide-Loaded Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive B Cells Elicits High Frequencies of WT1 Peptide-Specific T Cells with In vitro and In vivo Tumoricidal Activity (2004)

The Wilms tumor protein (WT1) is overexpressed in most acute and chronic leukemias. To develop a practicable, clinically applicable approach for generation of WT1-specific T cells and to comparatively evaluate the immunogenicity of WT1 in normal individuals, we sensitized T cells from 13 HLA-A0201+ and 5 HLA-A2402+ donors with autologous EBV-transformed B cells or cytokine-activated monocytes, loaded with the HLA-A0201-binding WT1 peptides (126-134)RMFPNAPYL or (187-195)SLGEQQYSV or a newly identified HLA-A2402-binding WT1 peptide (301-310)RVPGVAPTL. WT1-specific T cells were regularly generated from each donor. T cells sensitized with peptide-loaded EBV-transformed B cells generated higher numbers of WT1-specific T cells than peptide-loaded cytokine-activated monocytes. Contrary to expectations, the frequencies of WT1 peptide-specific T cells were equivalent to those generated against individual highly immunogenic HLA-A0201-binding EBV peptides. Each of these T-cell lines specifically killed WT1+ leukemias and solid tumors in an HLA-restricted manner but did not lyse autologous or HLA-matched normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells or reduce their yield of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), or mixed colonies (CFU-mix). Furthermore, WT1 peptide-specific T cells after adoptive transfer into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of WT1+ and WT1- HLA-A0201+ leukemias preferentially accumulated in and induced regressions of WT1+ leukemias that expressed the restricting HLA allele. Such cells are clinically applicable and may prove useful for adoptive cell therapy of WT1+ malignant diseases in humans.
Polarons, bipolarons, and solitons in conducting polymers (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarons, bipolarons, and solitons in conducting polymersJean Luc Bredas and G. Bryan StreetCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 10, 309–315Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00118a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views12989Altmetric-Citations1397LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (843 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Retroviral Vector Targeting to Melanoma Cells by Single-Chain Antibody Incorporation in Envelope (1998)

Two strategies for targeting recombinant retroviruses to melanoma cells were compared. One was to extend the tropism of an ecotropic envelope to human melanoma cells, the other was to enhance the tropism of an amphotropic envelope for melanoma cells. Chimeric retroviral envelopes, incorporating a single-chain antibody (ScFv) directed against high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMWMAA) at the amino terminus are correctly processed and incorporated into virions. ScFv-ecotropic envelope chimeras allow specific, but low-titer, targeting of HMWMAA-positive cells, when co-expressed with ecotropic envelopes. ScFv-amphotropic envelope chimeras bind specifically to HMWMAA-positive cells and allow preferential infection at high titer.
Application of integrated active filters in multichannel optical communication systems (1997)

Integrated multi-section distributed-Bragg-reflector filters were employed as channel filters, channel power monitors, and channel power controllers/equalizers in a WDM system. The tunable active filter we used was an integrated 4-section InGaAs/InGaAsP DBR laser biased below threshold. Experimental results on an 8-channel WDM system are reported. With this simple and integrated structure, the cost to implement a WDM network monitoring and control system can be greatly reduced.
P1B-10 Advantages of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonics Transducers (CMUTs) for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) (2007)

In the past ten years, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has become popular for minimally invasive and non-invasive therapies. Traditionally piezoelectric transducers have been used for HIFU applications, but capacitive micro- machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have been shown to have advantages, including ease of fabrication and efficient performance. In this paper, we show the fabrication and testing of CMUTs specifically designed for HIFU. We compare the operation of these designs with finite element models. In addition, we demonstrate that CMUTs can operate under high pressure and continuous wave (CW) conditions, with minimal self-heating, a problem that piezoelectric transducers often face. Finally, we demonstrate MR-temperature monitoring of the heating created by an unfocused HIFU CMUT.