gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone by Isolated Rat Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes (1981)

Data from several laboratories indicate that hepatic mechanisms may have a distinctive role in the metabolism of intact hormone after secretion, a process that accounts, at least partly, for the heterogeneity of circulating parathyroid hormone. Accordingly, we studied the proteolysis of intact hormone by isolated rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Kupffer cells (10(6) cells/ml) and hepatocytes (10(7) cells/ml) were incubated with unlabeled and (125)I-labeled bovine parathyroid hormone at 37 degrees C for periods ranging up to 2 h. When incubated with Kupffer cells, intact hormone disappeared with a t((1/2)) of 12+/-4 min. Radio-immunoassays using sequence-specific antisera showed that the dominant hormonal fragments recovered in the medium have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 6,000, lack amino-terminal antigenic determinants, and react in assays that specifically recognize determinants in the carboxy-terminal portion of the intact hormone. Amino-terminal fragments also were detected in high concentrations, particularly after short incubation periods. Radioiodinated fragments resulting from incubation of (125)I-labeled bovine parathyroid hormone with Kupffer cells had the same apparent size as fragments derived from the metabolism of unlabeled, intact hormone; when analyzed by Edman degradation, positions 34 and 37 of the intact hormone sequence were the amino-terminal amino acids of these dominant carboxy-terminal fragments. Hepatocytes did not hydrolyze the hormone. Thus, metabolism of parathyroid hormone by Kupffer cells results in the appearance of fragments in the media that are immunochemically indistinguishable from, and chemically identical with, those found in plasma when intact hormone is injected intravenously. This indicates that the proteolysis observed in vitro accurately reflects the metabolism of the hormone in vivo. The detection of amino-terminal fragments in concentrations nearly equal to those of carboxy-terminal fragments indicates that cleavage of intact hormone is, initially, by an endopeptidase(s). Kupffer cells may be a source from which specific protease(s) that hydrolyze parathyroid hormone can be characterized, particularly in terms of enzymic specificity and requirements for inhibition. Detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular events during incubation of parathyroid hormone with these cells may help to clarify the biologic significance of the peripheral metabolism of the hormone.
On Fairness, Optimizing Replica Selection in Data Grids (2009)

The emergence of scientific applications that produce huge volume of data files requires special attention, and leads to the problem of how to manage and share such data files in wide area properly. In large-scale Grid, data replication provides a suitable solution for managing data files where data reliability and data availability are enhanced. Replica selection is one of the major functions of data replication that decides which replica location is the best for Grid users. In this paper, we address the replica selection problem in a Grid environment where the users are competing for the limited data resource. Thus, our aim is to establish fairness among the users in the selection decisions. Since the criteria that play a role in the selection process conflict with each other and produce heterogeneous values, the Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to solve this optimization problem. The proposed system validity and performance are evaluated by using a simulation. The simulation results were produced and discussed in this paper.
Job Satisfaction and Cortisol Awakening Response in Teachers Scoring high and low on Burnout (2010)

The burnout syndrome is an important psychosocial risk in the job context, especially in professions with a strong social interaction, as in the case of teaching. High levels of burnout have been related to negative psychological indicators and hormonal alterations. This study compares job satisfaction and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in teachers scoring high (HB) and low (LB) on burnout. HB teachers showed lower job satisfaction and no significant differences in the CAR when compared with the LB group. The results of the study suggest a general dissatisfaction with work along with a different functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in HB teachers. Although non significantly, they showed a lower magnitude of the CAR than LB teachers. When considering the whole sample, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization correlated negatively and personal accomplishment positively with each subscale of the job satisfaction questionnaire whereas cortisol levels or CAR did not correlate significantly with both burnout subscales and job satisfaction. These results should be taken into account when working to prevent burnout in teachers, as the modified parameters could be considered indicators of the onset or development of the syndrome.
Training of Working Memory in Children With ADHD (2002)

Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to retain and manipulate information during a short period of time. This ability underlies complex reasoning and has generally been regarded as a fixed trait of the individual. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent one group of subjects with a WM deficit, attributed to an impairment of the frontal lobe. In the present study, we used a new training paradigm with intensive and adaptive training of WM tasks and evaluated the effect of training with a double blind, placebo controlled design. Training significantly enhanced performance on the trained WM tasks. More importantly, the training significantly improved performance on a nontrained visuo-spatial WM task and on Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a nonverbal complex reasoning task. In addition, motor activity--as measured by the number of head movements during a computerized test--was significantly reduced in the treatment group. A second experiment showed that similar training-induced improvements on cognitive tasks are also possible in young adults without ADHD. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, and that the training effect also generalizes to nontrained tasks requiring WM. Training improved performance on tasks related to prefrontal functioning and had also a significant effect on motor activity in children with ADHD. The results thus suggest that WM training potentially could be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms in ADHD.
Kramers–Kronig Receivers for 100-km Datacenter Interconnects (2018)

In this paper, we review in detail experimental demonstrations of Kramers–Kronig (KK) based direct detection systems with high per-carrier interface rates, high spectral efficiencies, and ∼100-km reach. Two realizations of KK-based receivers are summarized, including single-polarization and dual-polarization versions. Critical aspects of the KK receiver such as the carrier-to-signal power ratio and receiver bandwidth limitations are discussed. We show 220-Gb/s single-diode detection and 4 × 240-Gb/s dual polarization (dual-diode) detection in a WDM system at 5.3 bits/s/Hz spectral efficiency.
New positive/negative selectable markers for mammalian cells on the basis of Blasticidin deaminase-thymidine kinase fusions (1998)

Two positive and negative selectable markers were created for use in mammalian cells. They are based on two genes for the resistance to Blasticidin S (BlaS) and on the thymidine kinase (Tk) gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV). The markers can be selected positively by their ability to induce BlaS resistance and negatively on the induced sensitivity towards gancyclovir (GANC). Both constructs are also expressed in Escherichia coli and transfer BlaS resistance to this organism as well, making these markers very suitable for the construction of shuttle vectors.
Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli from human iliac crests (1989)

The purpose of this study was to design a method to produce and test mechanically microspecimens of trabecular and cortical tissue from human iliac crests, and compare their measured moduli. Rectangular beam specimens were prepared on a low-speed diamond blade saw and a miniature milling machine. The final specimen dimensions ranged from approximately 50-200 microns for base and height. The modulus of each specimen was measured using three-point bending tests across a span length of 1.04 mm and performed at a constant rate of displacement. A subset of specimens was recovered for a radiographic estimation of degree of mineralization. The results showed the mean trabecular tissue modulus of all iliac crest specimens to be 3.81 GPa, whereas cortical tissue specimens averaged 4.89 GPa. This was a significant difference according to a two-way analysis of variance that controlled for differences between donors. No strong correlations were found between modulus and mineral density. Future investigations that consider other microstructural characteristics and their contributions to modulus, and specimen size effects, are indicated.
Replication in the amplified dihydrofolate reductase domain in CHO cells may initiate at two distinct sites, one of which is a repetitive sequence element. (1989)

To study initiation of DNA replication in mammalian chromosomes, we have established a methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHOC 400) that contains approximately 1,000 copies of the early replicating dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) domain. We have previously shown that DNA replication in the prevalent 243-kilobase (kb) amplicon type in this cell line initiates somewhere within a 28-kb region located downstream from the DHFR gene. In an attempt to localize the origin of replication with more precision, we blocked the progress of replication forks emanating from origins at the beginning of the S phase by the introduction of trioxsalen cross-links at 1- to 5-kb intervals in the parental double-stranded DNA. The small DNA fragments synthesized under these conditions (which should be centered around replication origins) were then used as hybridization probes on digests of cosmids and plasmids from the DHFR domain. These studies suggested that in cells synchronized by this regimen, DNA replication initiates at two separate sites within the previously defined 28-kb replication initiation locus, in general agreement with results described in the accompanying paper (T.-H. Leu and J. L. Hamlin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:523-531, 1989). One of these sites contains a repeated DNA sequence element that is found at or near many other initiation sites in the genome, since it was also highly enriched in the early replicating DNA isolated from cross-linked CHO cells that contain only two copies of the DHFR domain.
A Fish Model of Renal Regeneration and Development (2001)

The fish kidney provides a unique model for investigating renal injury, repair, and development. Like mammalian kidneys, fish kidneys have the remarkable ability to repair injured nephrons, designated renal regeneration. This response is marked by a recovery from acute renal failure by replacing the injured cells with new epithelial cells, restoring tubule integrity. In addition, fish have the ability to respond to renal injury by de novo nephron neogenesis. This response occurs in multiple fish species including goldfish, zebrafish, catfish, trout, tilapia, and the aglomerular toadfish. New nephrons develop in the weeks after the initial injury. This nephrogenic response can be induced in adult fish, providing a more abundant source of developing renal tissue compared with fetal mammalian kidneys. Investigating the roles played by different parts of the nephron during development and repair can be facilitated using fish models with differing renal anatomy, such as aglomerular fish. The fish nephron neogenesis model may also help to identify novel genes involved in nephrogenesis, information that could eventually be used to develop alternative renal replacement therapies.
Increased Expression of the Pro-apoptotic Protein BIM, a Mechanism for cAMP/Protein Kinase A (PKA)-induced Apoptosis of Immature T Cells (2011)

The second messenger cAMP is proapoptotic for numerous cell types, but the mechanism for this proapoptotic action is not defined. Here, we use murine CD4(+)/CD8(+) S49 lymphoma cells and isolated thymocytes to assess this mechanism. In WT S49 cells, cAMP acts via protein kinase A (PKA) to induce G(1) phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of WT and cAMP-Deathless (D-) S49 cells, which lack cAMP-promoted apoptosis, with the PKA agonist 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (CPT-cAMP) differentially regulates transcripts for numerous proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. In contrast, kin-S49 cells (which lack PKA) show no cAMP-promoted changes in transcript expression. In this study, we use knockdown and overexpression approaches to define the role in cAMP/PKA-promoted apoptosis of the proapoptotic factor BIM (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death), whose expression prominently increases in response to CPT-cAMP treatment of WT but not D- or kin- S49 cells. Conditional expression of BimL, one of the three major forms of Bim, increases apoptosis of WT, D-, and kin-S49 cells, whereas inhibition of cAMP-mediated induction of Bim isoforms by shRNAi attenuates CPT-cAMP-mediated apoptosis of WT S49 cells. Bim protein levels increase in subpopulations of CPT-cAMP-treated cells that undergo apoptosis. Thymic CD4(+)/CD8(+) cells isolated from Bim(-/-) mice corroborated the requirement of Bim expression for cAMP-promoted apoptosis. Thus, up-regulation of Bim appears to be an important determinant of cAMP/PKA-mediated apoptosis in immature T cells and may be a mechanism for such apoptosis in other cell types as well.
The upgrading of heavy oil model compounds using methane activated by metal oxides encapsulated in molecular sieves (1999)

grantor: University of Toronto
Spatial interactions in human vision: from near to farvia experience-dependent cascades of connections. (1994)

Perceptual learning has been shown to affect early visual processes. Here, we show that learning induces an increase in the spatial range of lateral interactions. Using a lateral masking/facilitation paradigm and bandpass-localized stimuli, we measured the interaction range before and after extensive training on a threshold detection task. For naive observers, target threshold was found to be facilitated by mask presence at distances up to six times the target period. However, practice had the effect of increasing the facilitation range by at least a factor of three. We suggest that the induced longer-range facilitation is a result of internal response transmission via a cascade of local connections. The data presented also show that this chain can be broken. These results suggest a plasticity in early vision governed by Hebbian-like rules.
Cytokines and adhesion molecules contribute to the ability of myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones to mediate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (1993)

We have derived a panel of CD4+, TCR-alpha/beta + T cell clones from SJL (H-2s) mice specific for an encephalitogenic determinant of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF). All the clones are Ag specific and IAs restricted, but they show heterogeneity in their ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), i.e., one group induces EAE in naive mice, a second group induces disease only in mice that are pretreated with pertussis and irradiation, whereas a third group is essentially nonencephalitogenic. To determine the basis for this functional heterogeneity, the clones were tested for the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines and for Ag-specific cytolytic activity. All of the clones expressed comparable levels of LFA-1 and CD44 but lacked expression of Mel 14. However, those clones that induced EAE only in irradiation- and pertussis-treated recipients did not express VLA4. Because pretreatment with pertussis has been suggested to increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier and facilitate migration of T cells into the central nervous system, the absence of VLA4 on this group of clones may account for the need for pretreatment to induce EAE. The nonencephalitogenic clones expressed all of the adhesion molecules tested but were not cytolytic in vitro and failed to produce one or more of the proinflammatory cytokines after Ag-specific stimulation. One nonencephalitogenic clone that did not produce many cytokines on activation with specific Ag, however, could be activated with Con A to express mRNA for most cytokines and this was accompanied by a concomitant change in the encephalitogenic potency of this clone. These results suggest that adhesion molecules and cytokines both play a critical role in the encephalitogenicity of PLP peptide-specific T cell clones. Furthermore, the nonencephalitogenicity of some clones may be related to a defect in Ag-mediated activation.
Regulation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium flavum. (1987)

6PG dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), partially purified from Brevibacterium flavum, was specific to NADP+, stabilized by KCl, and had an optimum pH of 7.5 to 8.0. Its activity was inhibited by FBP, PRPP, GAP, oxaloacetate, E4P, acetyl-CoA, Ru5P, and NADPH, among which, FBP showed the.strongest inhibition. The concentrations of the latter giving 50 and 100% inhibition were 0.07 and 1.0 mM, respectively. Inhibition by FBP, PRPP, and E4P was competitive to 6PG but not to NADP+. Homotropic interaction of 6PG was observed in the presence of FBP and the Hill coefficient was estimated to be 1.6. Inhibition by the reaction products, Ru5P and NADPH, was mixed and noncompetitive to 6PG and noncompetitive and mixed to NADP+, respectively. Combination of acetyl-CoA with FBP or PRPP inhibited the enzyme synergistically and that of acetyl-CoA with GAP or Ru5P did cumulatively. The sensitivities of the enzyme to the FBP, PRPP, acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate, and E4P inhibitions were lost with ammonium sulfate treatment. The enzyme was induced by gluconate. Cells grown on gluconate did not contain an FBP-insensitive and NAD-specific enzyme at all.
A Versatile Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of n-Alkyl-Substituted Oligo-p-phenyls (1996)

High-yield Pd-catalyzed syntheses of constitutionally homogeneous, n-alkyl-substituted oligo-p-phenyls having three to fifteen benzene rings connected to each other exclusively in the 1,4-(para-) fashion are reported. Most of the oligomers described readily dissolve in common organic solvents. Furthermore, their thermal phase-transition temperatures show that some of these rodlike oligomers can exist in different crystalline modifications and/or form liquid-crystalline mesophases.
Evaluation of cardiovascular parameters in cynomolgus monkeys following IV administration of LBR-101, a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (2014)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a well-validated target for migraine therapy and a known potent systemic vasodilator. LBR-101 is a monoclonal antibody against CGRP in clinical development for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. Understanding the hemodynamic and cardiovascular consequences of chronic CGRP inhibition is therefore warranted. Given the conservation in CGRP sequence between monkeys and humans, addressing this question in monkeys is ideal as it allows dosing at super-therapeutic levels. To this end, two independent studies were conducted in monkeys: a single dedicated cardiovascular safety study and a repeat-dose, chronic study, both with electrocardiogram and hemodynamic assessments. LBR-101 was very well tolerated in both studies, with no clinically significant changes noted in any hemodynamic parameter, nor any relevant changes noted in any ECG parameter. In cynomolgus monkeys, cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters do not appear to be affected by long-term inhibition of CGRP with LBR-101.
Redundant parallel data transfer schemes for the grid environment (2006)

In this paper, we proposed dynamic co-allocation schemes for parallel data transfer in a grid environment, which copes up with highly inconsistent network performances of the servers. We have developed an algorithm using circular queue, with which, the data transfer tasks are allocated onto the servers in duplication. It is further improved to maintain the ordered delivery of data blocks, to suit such applications, like streaming. The schemes nicely tackle even when the link to servers under consideration is broken or become idle. We used Globus toolkit for our framework and utilized the partial copy feature of GridFTP. We compared our schemes with the existing schemes and the preliminary results show notable improvement in overall completion time of data transfer.
Identification of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms using temperature cycled primer oligo base extension and mass spectrometry. (1997)

The isothermal Primer Oligo Base Extension (PROBE) reaction combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for diagnostic product detection as recently introduced by our group is modified to incorporate temperature cycling during the primer extension step, resulting in enhanced levels of diagnostic product generation. Utilizing temperature cycled PROBE, the identities of two apolipoprotein E polymorphisms (codons 112 and 158) for differentiation of epsilon 2/epsilon 3, epsilon 3/epsilon 3, epsilon 3/epsilon 4, and epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotypes were simultaneously determined. Primers specific for each site are extended by a series of bases unique to the identity of that variable site, producing low mass diagnostic products (M(r) < 9000) highly amenable to detection by mass spectrometry. The temperature cycled PROBE method has yielded unambiguous and correct diagnoses for all samples tested thus far. The increased amount of diagnostic product generated per primer by the cycling method makes possible faster spectrum acquisition due to the increased signal intensity, critical for future automated measurement of such samples.
Microjoule femtosecond fiber laser at 16 μm for corneal surgery applications (2009)

We report on chirped-pulse amplification in a large-mode-area erbium-doped fiber emitting in a water transparency window. 1.5 microJ 605 fs pulses are generated at 1.6 microm with a repetition rate of 300 kHz; this corresponds to an average power of 460 mW. Nonlinearities are adjusted on the global system to compensate for the dispersion mismatch between the fiber stretcher and the grating compressor. This new compact and robust source targets medical applications such as surgery in highly scattering corneas.
Novel MicroRNA Candidates and miRNA-mRNA Pairs in Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells (2008)

Combining expression profile information with miRNA target prediction, we identified miRNA-mRNA pairs that correlate with ES cell pluripotence and differentiation. Perturbation of these pairs in the ES (GCNF(-/-)) mutant suggests a role for miRNAs in the core regulatory networks underlying ES cell self-renewal, pluripotence and differentiation.