gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Cell Proteoglycans: Evidence for Metabolic Modulation (2007)

Proteoglycans accumulate in the intimal layer of blood vessels during the early stages of atherosclerosis and predispose the vessel wall to further complications of this disease. Arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures have been used to study the metabolism of vessel wall proteoglycans in an attempt to determine whether cellular events associated with the genesis of this disease, such as cellular proliferation, ageing, migration and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, influence the metabolism of arterial proteoglycans. Proteoglycan analyses of vascular cells reveal that endothelial cells synthesize multiple species of heparan sulphate proteoglycan while smooth muscle cells synthesize little heparan sulphate proteoglycan but significant quantities of chondroitin and dermatan sulphate proteoglycan. Each family of proteoglycans synthesized by each cell type differs with regard to charge density, hydrodynamic size, glycosaminoglycan type and size, oligosaccharide content and ability to form high molecular weight aggregates. A monoclonal antibody has been generated against the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and used to immunolocalize this antigen to the interstitial matrix of normal and diseased blood vessels. Experiments are presented to indicate that proteoglycan metabolism is modulated when cultured arterial cells are stimulated to proliferate and migrate. Other factors shown to influence proteoglycan metabolism include the age of the cell and the nature of the substratum upon which the cells are grown. These culture systems provide useful models with which to study the factors involved in the regulation of proteoglycan synthesis by vascular cells.
The chamber‐scarification test for irritancy * (1976)

A procedure has been designed (the chamber-scarification test), which possesses greatly increased sensitivity for assessing the irritancy of topically applied materials. A forearm test site is criss-cross scarified by drawing a 30-gauge needle over the skin with just enough pressure to cleave the epidermis without drawing blood. The test agent is applied in an aluminum chamber once daily for 3 days. The advantages of the method over conventional patch testing are: enhanced capacity to measure mild irritants, reduced time (3 days versus 10 to 21 days), less effort, less cost, less discomfort for the volunteers and greater reproducibility.
c-met is amplified but not mutated in a cell line with an activated met tyrosine kinase. (1991)

The putative tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the oncogene c-met is activated (tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo) in the human gastric carcinoma cell line GTL-16. The corresponding gene is amplified and over-expressed. In this study we show that c-met is part of an amplification unit measuring more than 3000 kb. The multiple copies of the amplicon are located on a novel chromosome different from chromosome 7. We have previously shown that the c-met protein present in GTL-16 cells is indistinguishable from that found in other cells. Kinase activation could be due to over-expression of the normal c-met protein or to the presence of activating mutation(s). To verify the primary structure of the c-met protein in GTL-16 cells we sequenced a series of overlapping cDNAs obtained from GTL-16 cell RNA by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Two differences were found in the c-met coding region with respect to the published human c-met cDNA: (1) the lack of 54 nucleotides corresponding to a stretch of 18 amino acids located in the extracellular domain of the receptor, and (2) the substitution of the codon specifying alanine 1209 (located in the tyrosine kinase domain) with one coding for glycine. However, we also obtained cDNAs identical to that just described from a number of control cell lines. These results suggest: (1) that the present c-met cDNA presumably reflects the sequence of the most abundant transcript in several cell types, and (2) that over-expression of the normal c-met protein, alone or in combination with an autocrine loop, is most probably responsible for the activation of the c-met kinase in GTL-16 cells.
Perceived Stress, Social Support and Survival: North Carolina Farm Operators and the Farm Crisis (1990)

The current farm crisis draws attention to the sources and consequences of the stress process among farm operators. Using panel data from statewide surveys of North Carolina farm operators collected during a period of economic and ecological crisis, the relationships among perceived stress, social support, and survival in agriculture are investigated. Analyses reveal that while the level of perceived stress has no relationship with survival, social support has a significant impact upon both social psychological (plans to remain in farming) and behavioral (continuing as a farm operator) dimensions of survival in agriculture. Perceived social support increased plans to remain in agriculture and increased the probability of an operator continuing farming. The results point to the importance of social support and have implications for policy intervention and programs.
Nanofunctionalisation for the Treatment of Peripheral Nervous System Injuries (2005)

A construct based on the electrostatic layer-by-layer self assembly technique has been fabricated, to be used as a tailored device to encourage nerve regeneration. A multilayered nanocoating composed by three precursor bilayers of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes followed by bilayers of poly-D-lysine (PDL) and antibody specific to Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (anti-TGF-beta1) has been deposited on HYAFF 11. Initially the assembly process has been monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in order to select the optimal working conditions for nanocoating deposition. Structural studies of the resulting multilayers confirmed stepwise deposition of anti-TGF-beta1 with an average layer thickness of 2.6 nm and an average layer mass of 117 ng. Atomic Force Microscopy has been used to characterize multilayer uniformity. Finally, the immunological activity of the multilayered structure has been assessed. The results show that anti-TGF-beta1 can be included in its active form in a predetermined multilayered structure onto HYAFF11 with quantitative control of layer thickness and weight, providing a high potential tool in tissue engineering.
High-efficiency organic electrophosphorescent devices with tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium doped into electron-transporting materials (2000)

We demonstrate high-efficiency organic light-emitting devices employing the green electrophosphorescent molecule, fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3], doped into various electron-transport layer (ETL) hosts. Using 3-phenyl-4-(1′-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole as the host, a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 15.4±0.2% and a luminous power efficiency of 40±2 Im/W are achieved. We show that very high internal quantum efficiencies (approaching 100%) are achieved for organic phosphors with low photoluminescence efficiencies due to fundamental differences in the relationship between electroluminescence from triplet and singlet excitons. Based on the performance characteristics of single and double heterostructures, we conclude that exciton formation in Ir(ppy)3 occurs within close proximity to the hole-transport layer/ETL:Ir(ppy)3 interface.
A multiresolution manifold distance for invariant image similarity (2005)

Accounting for spatial image transformations is a requirement for multimedia problems such as video classification and retrieval, face/object recognition or the creation of image mosaics from video sequences. We analyze a transformation invariant metric recently proposed in the machine learning literature to measure the distance between image manifolds - the tangent distance (TD) - and show that it is closely related to alignment techniques from the motion analysis literature. Exposing these relationships results in benefits for the two domains. On one hand, it allows leveraging on the knowledge acquired in the alignment literature to build better classifiers. On the other, it provides a new interpretation of alignment techniques as one component of a decomposition that has interesting properties for the classification of video. In particular, we embed the TD into a multiresolution framework that makes it significantly less prone to local minima. The new metric - multiresolution tangent distance (MRTD) - can be easily combined with robust estimation procedures, and exhibits significantly higher invariance to image transformations than the TD and the Euclidean distance (ED). For classification, this translates into significant improvements in face recognition accuracy. For video characterization, it leads to a decomposition of image dissimilarity into "differences due to camera motion" plus "differences due to scene activity" that is useful for classification. Experimental results on a movie database indicate that the distance could be used as a basis for the extraction of semantic primitives such as action and romance.
Anti-AIDS Agents, 4. Tripterifordin, a Novel Anti-HIV Principle from Tripterygium wilfordii: Isolation and Structural Elucidation (1992)

A new kaurane-type diterpene lactone, tripterifordin [1], has been isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including the concerted application of a number of 2D nmr techniques that involved the 1H-1H COSY, heteronucleus-detected variants of the heteronuclear chemical shift correlation (HETCOR), phase-sensitive NOESY, and long-range HETCOR. Compound 1 shows anti-HIV replication activity in H9 lymphocyte cells with an EC50 of 1 microgram/ml.
Optimal private halfspace counting via discrepancy (2012)

A range counting problem is specified by a set P of size |P| = n of points in Rd, an integer weight xp associated to each point p ∈ P, and a range space R ⊆ 2P. Given a query range R ∈ R, the output is R(x) = ∑p ∈ Rxp. The average squared error of an algorithm A is 1/|R|∑R ∈ R((A(R, x) - R(x)))2. Range counting for different range spaces is a central problem in Computational Geometry. We study (ε, δ)-differentially private algorithms for range counting. Our main results are for the range space given by hyperplanes, that is, the halfspace counting problem. We present an (ε, δ)-differentially private algorithm for halfspace counting in d dimensions which is O(n1-1/d) approximate for average squared error. This contrasts with the Ω(n) lower bound established by the classical result of Dinur and Nissim on approximation for arbitrary subset counting queries. We also show a matching lower bound of Ω(n1-1/d) approximation for any (ε, δ)-differentially private algorithm for halfspace counting.
High-Throughput Efficient Non-Binary LDPC Decoder Based on the Simplified Min-Sum Algorithm (2012)

Non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes are robust to various channel impairments. The excessive computational complexity and memory usage of the existing decoder designs are considerably expensive for practical applications. Based on a newly proposed simplified min-sum algorithm, which only has 0.05-0.1 dB performance loss against the sum-product algorithm, a highly efficient decoder architecture is developed. Compared with the existing works, our design has three advantages. First, the design increases the parallelism and throughput of the decoder by three to four times. The implementation results for the decoder show high throughput of 64 Mbps at 15 iterations. Second, this design saves memory usage by 38% to 76%. Third, this design shows 2.64 × area efficiency improvement even compared with the most state-of-the-art design.
Enhancing photoluminescence quenching and photoelectric properties of CdSe quantum dots with hole accepting ligands (2008)

CdSe quantum dots have been encapped with aromatic ligands: α-toluenethiol, thiophenol, and p-hydroxythiophenol to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) quenching and photoelectric properties of the quantum dots. The aromatic ligand capped CdSe quantum dots are prepared through ligand exchange with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) capped CdSe quantum dots. The XPS surface chemistry analysis and elemental analysis has confirmed the success of ligand exchange from TOPO to aromatic ligands. Both XRD and HRTEM-SAED studies indicate the crystalline structure of CdSe quantum dots not only remains but is also improved by the ligand exchange of TOPO with thiol molecules. Time resolved PL decay measurements indicate thiophenol and p-hydroxythiophenol ligands effectively quench the emission and have much shorter PL lifetimes than that of TOPO and that of α-toluenethiol. Thus, both thiophenol and p-hydroxythiophenol can act as an effective acceptor for photogenerated holes through aromatic π-electrons. Thiophenol also exhibits good charge transport behavior showing a 10-fold increase in short circuit current density (Isc) as compared with TOPO in the photocurrent study of fabricated photovoltaic devices.
Disruption of the Presynaptic Cytomatrix Protein Bassoon Degrades Ribbon Anchorage, Multiquantal Release, and Sound Encoding at the Hair Cell Afferent Synapse (2013)

Inner hair cells (IHCs) of the cochlea use ribbon synapses to transmit auditory information faithfully to spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). In the present study, we used genetic disruption of the presynaptic scaffold protein bassoon in mice to manipulate the morphology and function of the IHC synapse. Although partial-deletion mutants lacking functional bassoon (Bsn(ΔEx4/5)) had a near-complete loss of ribbons from the synapses (up to 88% ribbonless synapses), gene-trap mutants (Bsn(gt)) showed weak residual expression of bassoon and 56% ribbonless synapses, whereas the remaining 44% had a loosely anchored ribbon. Patch-clamp recordings and synaptic CaV1.3 immunolabeling indicated a larger number of Ca(2+) channels for Bsn(gt) IHCs compared with Bsn(ΔEx4/5) IHCs and for Bsn(gt) ribbon-occupied versus Bsn(gt) ribbonless synapses. An intermediate phenotype of Bsn(gt) IHCs was also found by membrane capacitance measurements for sustained exocytosis, but not for the size of the readily releasable vesicle pool. The frequency and amplitude of EPSCs were reduced in Bsn(ΔEx4/5) mouse SGNs, whereas their postsynaptic AMPA receptor clusters were largely unaltered. Sound coding in SGN, assessed by recordings of single auditory nerve fibers and their population responses in vivo, was similarly affected in Bsn(gt) and Bsn(ΔEx4/5) mice. Both genotypes showed impaired sound onset coding and reduced evoked and spontaneous spike rates. In summary, reduced bassoon expression or complete lack of full-length bassoon impaired sound encoding to a similar extent, which is consistent with the comparable reduction of the readily releasable vesicle pool. This suggests that the remaining loosely anchored ribbons in Bsn(gt) IHCs were functionally inadequate or that ribbon independent mechanisms dominated the coding deficit.
Application of Genetic Function Approximation to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Genetic Function Approximation to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and Quantitative Structure-Property RelationshipsDavid Rogers and A. J. HopfingerCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 4, 854–866Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00020a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00020a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1899Altmetric-Citations884LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Natural killer cells inhibit hepatitis C virus expression (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in host innate defense against certain viruses. The role of NK cells in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains obscure. We examined whether NK cells are capable of inhibiting HCV expression in human hepatic cells. When NK cells are cultured with the HCV replicon-containing hepatic cells, they have no direct cytolytic effect but release soluble factor(s) suppressing HCV RNA expression. Media conditioned by NK cell lines (NK-92 and YTS) or primary NK cells isolated from healthy donors contain interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and potently inhibit HCV RNA expression. Ligation of CD81 on NK cells inhibits IFN-gamma production and results in decreased anti-HCV activity. In addition, the antibodies to IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma receptors abolish the anti-HCV activity of NK cell-conditioned media. The role of IFN-gamma in NK cell-mediated, anti-HCV activity is supported by the observation that NK cell-conditioned media enhanced expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, a nuclear factor that is essential in IFN-gamma-mediated antiviral pathways. NK cell-conditioned media have the ability to stimulate intracellular IFN-alpha expression in the hepatic cells, suggesting a mechanism responsible for NK cell-mediated, anti-HCV activity. Thus, NK cells hold the potential to play a vital role in controlling HCV replication in hepatic cells using an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism.
An accurate flip-flop selection technique for reducing logic SER (2008)

The combination of continued technology scaling and increased on-chip transistor densities has made vulnerability to radiation induced soft errors a significant design concern. In particular, the effects of these errors on logic nodes are predicted to play an increasingly large role in determining the overall failure rate of future VLSI chips. While a myriad of techniques have been proposed to mitigate the effects of soft errors, system designers must ensure that the application of these solutions does not come at the expense of other design goals. This work presents a heuristic to selectively apply temporal redundancy to flip-flops within a pipelined logic unit, achieving significant reductions in failures associated with soft errors with minimal overhead.
Identification of parotid salivary biomarkers in Sjögren's syndrome by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2006)

The salivary proteomic profile of SS is a mixture of increased inflammatory proteins and decreased acinar proteins when compared with non-SS. Future studies will test the ability of these biomarker levels, alone and in combination, to diagnose the salivary component of SS.
Island growth as a growth mode in atomic layer deposition: A phenomenological model (2004)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has recently gained world-wide attention because of its suitability for the fabrication of conformal material layers with thickness in the nanometer range. Although the principles of ALD were realized about 40 years ago, the description of many physicochemical processes that occur during ALD growth is still under development. A constant amount of material deposited in an ALD reaction cycle, that is, growth-per-cycle (GPC), has been a paradigm in ALD through decades. The GPC may vary, however, especially in the beginning of the ALD growth. In this work, a division of ALD processes to four classes is proposed, on the basis of how the GPC varies with the number of ALD reaction cycles: linear growth, substrate-enhanced growth, and substrate-inhibited growth of type 1 and type 2. Island growth is identified as a likely origin for type 2 substrate-inhibited growth, where the GPC increases and goes through a maximum before it settles to a constant value characteristic of a steady growth. A simple phenomenological model is developed to describe island growth in ALD. The model assumes that the substrate is unreactive with the ALD reactants, except for reactive defects. ALD growth is assumed to proceed symmetrically from the defects, resulting islands of a conical shape. Random deposition is the growth mode on the islands. The model allows the simulation of GPC curves, surface fraction curves, and surface roughness, with physically significant parameters. When the model is applied to the zirconium tetrachloride/water and the trimethylaluminum/water ALD processes on hydrogen-terminated silicon, the calculated GPC curves and surface fractions agree with the experiments. The island growth model can be used to assess the occurrence of island growth, the size of islands formed, and point of formation of a continuous ALD-grown film. The benefits and limitations of the model and the general characteristics of type 2 substrate-inhibited ALD are discussed.
Post-translational Processing of Membrane-associated neu Differentiation Factor Proisoforms Expressed in Mammalian Cells (1995)

Expression vectors constructed from human and rat pro-neu differentiation factor (NDF) cDNAs were transfected in Chinese hamster ovary cells for expression of recombinant NDF molecules. Soluble NDF forms were released into culture medium after post-translational processing of the membrane-bound pro-NDF forms. Different human and rat NDF isoforms, after being purified from the culture medium, were subjected to structural and biochemical characterizations. The isolated human and rat NDF isoforms have been proteolytically processed at a specific site at the N terminus, which is different from that observed for the processing of rat or human NDF molecule prepared from natural origins. The processing of each recombinant NDF isoform at its C terminus was heterogeneous but consistently occurred at nearby peptide bonds. Specific N- and C-terminal processing by Chinese hamster ovary cells has resulted in the production of two types (alpha and beta) of recombinant NDFs containing 222-225 amino acid residues. Both human and rat NDF molecules are heavily glycosylated at two of the three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites and contain O-linked sugars at 11 of the Thr/Ser sites. Glycosylation occurs at a short, Ser/Thr-rich spacer region that connects the N-terminal immunoglobulin homology unit to the epidermal growth factor domain. Cellular phosphorylation assay indicated that these secreted forms contain similar biological activity in receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation of mammary tumor cells.