gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of a New Type of Alkoxycarbonylating Reagents from 1,1‐Bis‐(6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzotriazolyl) Carbonate (BTBC) and Their Reactions. (1987)

Abstract The carbonate BTBC (III) mentioned in the title is prepared from 1‐hydroxy‐6‐trifluoromethylbenzotriazole (I) and trichloromethyl chloroformate (II).
Chromatography-Based Purification of Adeno-Associated Virus (2008)

Virus-mediated gene transfer shows great potential as a therapeutic strategy for the management of various inherited and acquired human diseases. Among the current viral vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has become the vector of choice for numerous gene therapy applications. As AAV-based vectors approach the clinic, the need for scalable methods of production and purification is steadily increasing. In this chapter, we present a column chromatography-based protocol for the purification of recombinant AAV type 1 (AAV-1) to near homogeneity. The protocol, which can be completed within one working day, employs three major purification steps: (1) polyethylene glycol-mediated vector precipitation, (2) anion-exchange chromatography, and (3) gel filtration chromatography. This method provides a basic strategy, or "platform," that can be adapted to the purification of other recombinant AAV vector serotypes.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Image Compression Using Generalized Principal Component Analysis (2006)

A novel image compression algorithm based on generalized principal component analysis (GPCA) is proposed in this work. Each image block is first classified into a subspace and is represented with a linear combination of the basis vectors for the subspace. Therefore, the encoded information consists of subspace indices, basis vectors and transform coefficients. We adopt a vector quantization scheme and a predictive partial matching scheme to encode subspace indices and basis vectors, respectively. We also propose a rate-distortion optimized quantizer to encode transform coefficients efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides better compression performance than JPEG, especially at low bitrates.
Mycobacterial ribonucleic acid: comparison with mycobacterial cell wall fractions for regression of murine tumor growth (1976)

Mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) and cell wall skeleton fraction isolated from H37Ra caused P-815 mastocytoma regression in DBA/2 mice provided the animals were presensitized with freshly harvested living H37Ra cells. In the absence of presensitization, only the RNA fraction inhibited. Cell wall skeleton fraction, under these conditions, stimulated tumor growth. Cell wall lipids (from H37Ra) added to H37Ra cell wall skeleton fraction did not increase the inhibitory activity of cell wall skeleton fraction alone. Mycobacterial RNA appeared to be an effective inhibitor of P-815 mastocytoma metastases as shown by (i) the inhibition of a second footpad lesion distant from the one treated and (ii) increase in survival time.
10 Gbit/s, 1.56 μm multiquantum well InP/InGaAsP Mach–Zehnder optical modulator (1993)

10 Gbit/s modulation using a III-V semiconductor Mach–Zehnder interferometer is reported for the first time. The modulator has a −3 dB bandwidth in excess of 15 GHz and is operated in a push–pull drive configuration with only 2 V peak to peak. 10 Gbit/s nonreturn to zero format eye diagrams with an extinction ratio &gt; 10 dB are demonstrated.
Pigments, Organic (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Technical Properties 2.1. General Aspects 2.2. Dispersibility 2.2.1. Pigment Powders 2.2.2. Pigment Preparations 2.3. Crystal Modifications 3. Uses 3.1. Printing Inks 3.2. Paints and Coatings 3.3. Plastics 3.4. Other Uses 4. Azo Pigments 4.1. Production 4.1.1. Diazotization 4.1.2. Coupling 4.1.3. Special Features of Azo Pigment Synthesis 4.2. Yellow and Orange Monoazo Pigments 4.2.1. Yellow Monoazo Pigments (Hansa Yellow Pigments) 4.2.2. Monoazopyrazolone Pigments 4.3. Disazo Pigments 4.3.1. Diarylide Pigments 4.3.2. Bis( N ‐acetoacetarylide) Pigments 4.4. β‐Naphthol Pigments 4.5. Azo Pigment Lakes 4.5.1. β‐Naphthol Pigment Lakes 4.5.2. 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐naphthoic Acid Pigment Lakes (BON Pigments) 4.5.3. Other Pigment Lakes 4.6. Naphtol AS Pigments 4.7. Benzimidazolone Pigments 4.8. Disazo Condensation Pigments 4.8.1. Yellow Pigments 4.8.2. Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments 4.8.3. Properties 5. Metal‐Complex Pigments 5.1. Azo Metal‐Complex Pigments 5.2. Azomethine Metal‐Complex Pigments 5.3. Miscellaneous Metal‐Complex Pigments 6. Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Pigments 6.1. Azomethine Type: Tetrachloroisoindolinone Pigments 6.2. Methine Type: Isoindoline Pigments 7. Phthalocyanine Pigments 8. Quinacridone Pigments 8.1. Production 8.1.1. Synthesis 8.1.2. Aftertreatment 8.2. Properties 9. Perinone Pigments 10. Perylene Pigments 11. Anthraquinone Pigments 11.1. Hydroxyanthraquinone Pigments 11.2. Aminoanthraquinone Pigments 11.3. Heterocyclic Anthraquinone Pigments 11.3.1. Anthrapyrimidine Pigments 11.3.2. Indanthrone and Flavanthrone 11.4. Polycarbocyclic Anthraquinone Pigments 11.4.1. Pyranthrone Pigments 11.4.2.
Amphoterin as an extracellular regulator of cell motility: from discovery to disease (2004)

Amphoterin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein previously considered solely as a chromatin-associated, nuclear molecule. Amphoterin is released into the extracellular space by various cell types, and plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration, differentiation, tumorigenesis and inflammation. This paper reviews recent research on the mechanistic background underlying the biology of secreted amphoterin, with an emphasis on the role of amphoterin as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of cell migration.
JUPlTER: a telephone-based conversational interface for weather information (2000)

In early 1997, our group initiated a project to develop JUPITER, a conversational interface that allows users to obtain worldwide weather forecast information over the telephone using spoken dialogue. It has served as the primary research platform for our group on many issues related to human language technology, including telephone-based speech recognition, robust language understanding, language generation, dialogue modeling, and multilingual interfaces. Over a two year period since coming online in May 1997, JUPITER has received, via a toll-free number in North America, over 30000 calls (totaling over 180000 utterances), mostly from naive users. The purpose of this paper is to describe our development effort in terms of the underlying human language technologies as well as other system-related issues such as utterance rejection and content harvesting. We also present some evaluation results on the system and its components.
MacroH2A, a Core Histone Containing a Large Nonhistone Region (1992)

A histone, macroH2A, nearly three times the size of conventional H2A histone, was found in rat liver nucleosomes. Its N-terminal third is 64 percent identical to a full-length mouse H2A. However, it also contains a large nonhistone region. This region has a segment that resembles a leucine zipper, a structure known to be involved in dimerization of some transcription factors. Nucleosomes containing macroH2A may have novel functions, possibly involving interactions with other nuclear proteins.
Lon‐dependent proteolysis of CcdA is the key control for activation of CcdB in plasmid‐free segregant bacteria (1994)

The ccd locus contributes to the stability of plasmid F by post-segregational killing of plasmid-free bacteria. The ccdB gene product is a potent cell-killing protein and its activity is negatively regulated by the CcdA protein. In this paper, we show that the CcdA protein is unstable and that the degradation of CcdA is dependent on the Lon protease. Differences in the stability of the killer CcdB protein and its antidote CcdA are the key to post-segregational killing. Because the half-life of active CcdA protein is shorter than that of active CcdB protein, persistence of the CcdB protein leads to the death of plasmid-free bacterial segregants.
Syntheses of Disordered and Al-Rich Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds (1986)

Abstract Hydrotalcite-like compounds, [Mg 1-x Al x (OH) 2 ] x+ [xX − ·n H 2 O], where X − = ½CO 3 2− or OH − , were prepared by hydrothermal syntheses at <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:math> and T = 100°–350°C. Starting materials were MgO, γ-Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O, and MgC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O. The synthesis depended on temperature, pressure, the Al/(Al + Mg) ratio x, and the CO 2 content of the starting material. Previously an Al content of x = 0.33 was thought to be the upper limit in these double-layer compounds, but by using pressure the Al-content was increased to x = 0.44. Up to x = 0.33, a 0 decreased linearly to about 3.04 Å, but for x ≥0.33, a 0 remained nearly constant at this value. For the synthesized products the layer thickness c’ varied between 7.40 and 7.57 Å in contrast to the natural phases wherein c’ varies from 7.60 to 7.80 Å. At higher temperatures CO 2 -free syntheses, i.e., those without Mg-oxalate, resulted in a disordered hydrotalcite-like phase. The transition temperature between the ordered and the disordered hydrotalcite-like phase depended on the Al-content, x.
p32 (gC1qBP) Is a General Protein Kinase C (PKC)-binding Protein (2002)

The aim of this study was to identify cellular proteins that bind protein kinase C (PKC) and may influence its activity and its localization. A 32-kDa PKC-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction obtained from hepatocytes homogenates. The protein was identified by NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequencing as the previously described mature form of p32 (gC1qR). Recombinant p32 was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, affinity-purified, and tested for an in vitro interaction with PKC using an overlay assay approach. All PKC isoforms expressed in rat hepatocytes interacted in vitro with p32, but the binding dependence on PKC activators was different for each one. Whereas PKCdelta only binds to p32 in the presence of PKC activators, PKCzeta and PKCalpha increase their binding when they are in the activated form. Other PKC isoforms such as beta, epsilon, and theta bind equally well to p32 regardless of the presence of PKC activators, and PKCmu binds even better in their absence. It was also found that p32 is not a substrate for any of the PKC isoforms tested, but interestingly, its presence had a stimulatory effect (2-fold for PKCdelta) on PKC activity. We also observed in vivo interaction between PKC and p32 by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. A time course of phorbol ester treatment of cultured rat hepatocytes (C9 cells) showed that PKCtheta and p32 are constitutively associated in vivo, whereas PKCdelta activation is required for its association with p32. Our data also showed that phorbol ester treatment induces a transient translocation of p32 from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus. Together, these findings suggest that p32 may be a regulator of PKC location and function.
Multiplex LightCycler PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in Nasopharyngeal Specimens (2002)

A rapid real-time multiplex PCR assay for detecting and differentiating Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs was developed. This assay (LC-PCR-IS) targets the insertion sequences IS481 and IS1001 of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, respectively, and is performed using the LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.). The analytical sensitivity is less than one organism per reaction. Results for Bordetella culture and/or direct fluorescent antibody testing and a second LightCycler PCR assay (target, pertussis toxin gene) were compared to results of the LC-PCR-IS assay for 111 nasopharyngeal swabs submitted for pertussis testing. Of the specimens, 12 were positive (9 B. pertussis and 3 B. parapertussis) and 68 specimens were negative by all methods. Three other specimens were positive for B. pertussis by at least two of the methods (including the LC-PCR-IS assay), and another 28 specimens were positive for B. pertussis by the LC-PCR-IS assay only. No specimens were negative by the LC-PCR-IS assay and positive by the other methods. A conventional PCR method (target, IS481) was also compared to the LC-PCR-IS assay for a different group of nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n = 96): 44 specimens were positive and 41 specimens were negative for B. pertussis with both PCR methods. Nine specimens were positive for B. pertussis by the LC-PCR-IS assay and negative by the conventional PCR assay, and two specimens were positive for B. pertussis by the conventional PCR assay and negative by the LC-PCR-IS assay. Positivity of the two assays was not significantly different (P = 0.0654). The insertion sequence IS481 is also present in Bordetella holmesii; specimens containing B. holmesii may yield false-positive results. The LC-PCR-IS assay takes approximately 45 min to complete post-nucleic acid extraction, compared to 24 h for the conventional PCR assay previously used in our laboratory. The LC-PCR-IS assay is easier to perform than the conventional PCR assay, and the closed system decreases the chance of contamination. All of these characteristics represent a significant improvement in the detection of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens.
Glycemic Variability: A Hemoglobin A1c–Independent Risk Factor for Diabetic Complications (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction (2002)

The tragic health effects of nicotine addiction highlight the importance of investigating the cellular mechanisms of this complex behavioral phenomenon. The chain of cause and effect of nicotine addiction starts with the interaction of this tobacco alkaloid with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This interaction leads to activation of reward centers in the CNS, including the mesoaccumbens DA system, which ultimately leads to behavioral reinforcement and addiction. Recent findings from a number of laboratories have provided new insights into the biologic processes that contribute to nicotine self-administration. Examination of the nAChR subtypes expressed within the reward centers has identified potential roles for these receptors in normal physiology, as well as the effects of nicotine exposure. The high nicotine sensitivity of some nAChR subtypes leads to rapid activation followed in many cases by rapid desensitization. Assessing the relative importance of these molecular phenomena in the behavioral effects of nicotine presents an exciting challenge for future research efforts.
Neuroanatomy of fragile X syndrome (1994)

Fragile X syndrome, an X-linked genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR-1 gene, is associated with a particular profile of abnormalities of behavior, learning, language, and memory, suggesting temporal lobe dysfunction. We undertook a quantitative neuroimaging study investigating the neuroanatomy of the temporal lobe in individuals with the fragile X mutation. The temporal lobe neuroanatomy of 15 young fragile X subjects was quantified and compared with that of 26 age- and IQ-matched control subjects. Analyses showed the right and left hippocampal volumes to be significantly larger in the fragile X group compared with the control group. Subjects with the fragile X mutation showed an age-related increase in volume of the hippocampus an age-related decrease in volume of the superior temporal gyrus. Along with the findings of previous imaging studies of fragile X subjects, the results of the present investigation are consistent with studies showing a nonrandom distribution of expression of the FMR-1 gene in the developing brain, with increased expression in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and specific cortical regions. The results also suggest involvement of temporal lobe regions in the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities associated with fragile X syndrome.
Peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection (1992)

Two important serologic studies from China and Wales have shown a significant association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer; and in Finland and Colombia the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma has been associated with H. pylori early in life. Anti-H. pylori therapy traditionally consists of bismuth and antibiotics, but recently, clinical studies of acid-reducing drugs plus antibiotics have shown significant eradication rates of H. pylori. An animal model showed a fivefold increase of antibiotic concentration at pH 5.0 compared with pH 2.0. An immunoblotting study indicated that the 120-kD protein of H. pylori may be significant for peptic ulceration. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992, 8:122-127
A guided wave technique for needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance (2009)

Needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance is routinely used in clinical applications. However, in order to track the position of the needle as it penetrates the tissue a particular alignment between the ultrasound probe and needle must be kept, thus requiring highly skilled radiologists. In this paper we present a new technique which leads to the detection of the needle regardless of its orientation relative to the imaging probe. We discuss the fundamental aspects of the method and present some preliminary results that show the potential of the technique.
GENETIC, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND TOXICOLOGICAL VARIATION AMONG GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED STRAINS OF NODULARIA (CYANOBACTERIA) (1999)

Morphological, toxicological, and genetic variation was examined among 19 strains of Nodularia. The strains examined could be morphologically discriminated into four groups corresponding to N. spumigena Mertens, N. sphaerocarpa Bornet et Flahault, and two strains that did not clearly correspond to currently accepted Nodularia species. Genetic variation was examined using nucleotide sequencing of the phycocyanin intergenic spacer region ( cpcBA ‐IGS) and RAPD‐PCR. The PCR‐RFLP of the cpcBA ‐IGS differentiated four genotypes corresponding to the four morphological groups. However, nucleotide sequencing of 598 bp of the 690‐bp fragment showed that one of the three strains corresponding to N. sphaerocarpa (PCC 7804) was genetically divergent from the other two, suggesting that it constitutes a distinct species. Nucleotide variation within the morphospecies groups was limited (&lt;1%), and all 14 Australian strains of N. spumigena possessed identical cpcBA ‐IGS sequences. The RAPD‐PCR differentiated the same groups as the cpcBA sequencing and discriminated each of the seven different Australian populations of N. spumigena. Strains from within a bloom appeared genetically identical; however, strains isolated from different blooms could be separated into either a western or a southeastern Australian cluster, with one strain from western Australia showing considerable genetic divergence. The pattern of variation suggests that individual blooms of N. spumigena are clonal but also that Australian N. spumigena populations are genetically distinct from each other. Examination of genetic distance within and between blooms and within and between morphological groups showed clear genetic dicontinuities that, in combination with the cpcBA ‐IGS data, suggest that Nodularia contains genetically distinct morphospecies rather than a continuous cline of genetic variation. Furthermore, these morphospecies are genetically variable, exhibiting hierarchical patterns of genetic variation on regional and global scales. Production of the hepatotoxin nodularin was not restricted to one genetic lineage but was distributed across three of the five genotypic groups. A strain of N. spumigena from a nontoxic Australian population was found to fall within the range of genetic variation for other toxic Australian strains and appears to be a unique nontoxic strain that might have arisen by loss of toxin production capacity.
Postsynthetic Covalent Modification of a Neutral Metal−Organic Framework (2007)

The covalent modification of the metal−organic framework IRMOF-3 has been achieved using acetic anhydride. Mass spectrometry and 1H NMR evidence shows that the free amine groups in IRMOF-3 are converted to amides in high yields. Control experiments and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that this reaction occurs on the intact framework with preservation of crystallinity. This finding opens up new possibilities for the preparation of novel MOFs using a postsynthetic modification strategy.
Studies on anticoccidal agents. IV. Modification at the 5-position of 4-deoxypyridoxol and .ALPHA.4-norpyridoxol. (1975)

In an attempt to relate structure to anticoccidial activity, a number of 5-modified analogs of 4-deoxypyridoxol (4-DOP) and α4-norpyridoxol have been synthesized and their biological activities examined. The compounds prepared include the 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl), 5-(1-hydroxyethyl), formyl and acetyl analogs of 4-DOP, and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), formyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and hydroxyl analogs of α4-norpyridoxol. Among these compounds, 4-deoxyisopyridoxal and α4-norisopyridoxal were found to exhibit anticoccidal activity.
AppScope: application energy metering framework for android smartphones using kernel activity monitoring (2012)

Understanding the energy consumption of a smartphone application is a key area of interest for end users, as well as application and system software developers. Previous work has only been able to provide limited information concerning the energy consumption of individual applications because of limited access to underlying hardware and system software. The energy consumption of a smartphone application is, therefore, often estimated with low accuracy and granularity. In this paper, we propose AppScope, an Android-based energy metering system. This system monitors application's hardware usage at the kernel level and accurately estimates energy consumption. AppScope is implemented as a kernel module and uses an event-driven monitoring method that generates low overhead and provides high accuracy. The evaluation results indicate that AppScope accurately estimates the energy consumption of Android applications expending approximately 35mW and 2.1% in power consumption and CPU utilization overhead, respectively.