gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Proppant Distribution and Un-Propped Fracture Conductivity on Well Performance in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs (2009)

Abstract Microseismic fracture mapping has provided significant insights into the nature of fracture growth in unconventional gas reservoirs (primarily shale) and allowed detailed characterization of the created network size and to a lesser extent the internal network structure (i.e., fracture spacings, azimuths, and degree of complexity). Fracture mapping has shown that large volume slickwater stimulations can access millions of square feet of reservoir area. In most unconventional gas reservoirs, well performance is directly related to the size and complexity of the fracture network; however, well performance is also affected by un-propped and propped fracture conductivity and proppant distribution within the fracture network. This paper examines the relationship between network size, proppant distribution, and well performance. A series of reservoir simulations were used to quantify the effect of network fracture conductivity and proppant distribution on well performance. The simulations evaluate a range of reservoir permeability from 0.0001 to 0.01 mD and utilize a network size and fracture spacing that is consistent with microseismic mapping measurements. Proppant transport cannot be reliably modeled in complex fracture networks, but it is likely that much of the fracture network is un-propped (Cipolla et al.2008). Un-propped fracture conductivities of 0.5 to 5 mD-ft were evaluated in this study. This work investigates the effect of proppant transport from a primary fracture into a fracture network and proppant banking in the primary fracture on well productivity. The results of the reservoir simulations illustrate the likely impact of stimulation designs on well performance. The results from this work provide a better understanding of fracture conductivity requirements in unconventional gas reservoirs that can be used to improve stimulation designs through improved proppant selection and scheduling. The results of the reservoir modeling show that proppant transport, even short distances, into the fracture network can have a significant affect on well productivity in cases where un-propped fracture conductivity is not adequate to fully exploit fracture complexity. In addition, proppant banking is likely with the low viscosity fluids used in many fracture treatments in unconventional gas reservoirs, which will result in the formation of a high conductivity arch at the top of the proppant bank. The impact of this high conductivity arch can be significant and affect treatment designs, many times reducing proppant volumes and conductivity requirements.
Targeting PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ signalling disrupts human AML survival and bone marrow stromal cell mediated protection (2016)

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) is an enzyme group, known to regulate key survival pathways in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It generates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate, which provides a membrane docking site for protein kinaseB activation. PI3K catalytic p110 subunits are divided into 4 isoforms; α,β,δ and γ. The PI3Kδ isoform is always expressed in AML cells, whereas the frequency of PI3Kγ expression is highly variable. The functions of these individual catalytic enzymes have not been fully resolved in AML, therefore using the PI3K p110δ and p110γ-targeted inhibitor IPI-145 (duvelisib) and specific p110δ and p110γ shRNA, we analysed the role of these two p110 subunits in human AML blast survival. The results show that PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ inhibition with IPI-145 has anti-proliferative activity in primary AML cells by inhibiting the activity of AKT and MAPK. Pre-treatment of AML cells with IPI-145 inhibits both adhesion and migration of AML blasts to bone marrow stromal cells. Using shRNA targeted to the individual isoforms we demonstrated that p110δ-knockdown had a more significant anti-proliferative effect on AML cells, whereas targeting p110γ-knockdown significantly inhibited AML migration. The results demonstrate that targeting both PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ to inhibit AML-BMSC interactions provides a biologic rationale for the pre-clinical evaluation of IPI-145 in AML.
The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era (2007)

The association of previous advanced immunosuppression with prevalent and sustained impairment suggests that there is a non-reversible component of neural injury that tracks with a history of disease progression. The association of sustained impairment with worse current immune status (low CD4 cell count) suggests that restoring immunocompetence increases the likelihood of neurocognitive recovery. Finally, the lack of association between incident neurocognitive impairment and virological and immunological indicators implies that neural injury continues in some patients regardless of the success of antiretroviral therapy on these laboratory measures.
Sizzled: a secreted Xwnt8 antagonist expressed in the ventral marginal zone of Xenopus embryos (1997)

An expression cloning screen was used to isolate a novel gene homologous to the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of frizzled receptors. The gene (which we called sizzled for secreted frizzled) was shown to encode a soluble secreted protein, containing a functional signal sequence but no transmembrane domains. Sizzled (szl) is capable of inhibiting Xwnt8 as assayed by (1) dose-dependent inhibition of siamois induction by Xwnt8 in animal caps, (2) rescue of embryos ventralized by Xwnt8 DNA and (3) inhibition of XmyoD expression in the marginal zone. Szl can dorsalize Xenopus embryos if expressed after the midblastula transition, strengthening the idea that zygotic expression of wnts and in particular of Xwnt8 plays a role in antagonizing dorsal signals. It also suggests that inhibiting ventralizing wnts parallels the opposition of BMPs by noggin and chordin. szl expression is restricted to a narrow domain in the ventral marginal zone of gastrulating embryos. szl thus encodes a secreted antagonist of wnt signaling likely involved in inhibiting Xwnt8 and XmyoD ventrally and whose restricted expression represents a new element in the molecular pattern of the ventral marginal zone.
A Herceptin-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor with Modified Signaling Domains Leads to Enhanced Survival of Transduced T Lymphocytes and Antitumor Activity (2009)

To generate chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) for the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with ErbB2-expressing tumors, a single-chain Ab derived from the humanized mAb 4D5 Herceptin (trastuzumab) was initially linked to T cell signaling domains derived from CD28 and the CD3zeta to generate a CAR against ErbB2. Human PBLs expressing the 4D5 CAR demonstrated Ag-specific activities against ErbB2(+) tumors. However, a gradual loss of transgene expression was noted for PBLs transduced with this 4D5 CAR. When the CD3zeta signaling domain of the CAR was truncated or mutated, loss of CAR expression was not observed, suggesting that the CD3zeta signaling caused the transgene decrease, which was supported by the finding that T cells expressing 4D5 CARs with CD3zeta ITAM mutations were less prone to apoptosis. By adding 4-1BB cytoplasmic domains to the CD28-CD3zeta signaling moieties, we found increased transgene persistence in 4D5 CAR-transduced PBLs. Furthermore, constructs with 4-1BB sequences demonstrated increased cytokine secretion and lytic activity in 4D5 CAR-transduced T cells. More importantly, PBLs expressing this new version of the 4D5 CAR could not only efficiently lyse the autologous fresh tumor digests, but they could strongly suppress tumor growth in a xenogenic mouse model.
Nickel L-Edge Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Nickel−Iron Hydrogenases and Model CompoundsEvidence for High-Spin Nickel(II) in the Active Enzyme (2000)

L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to study, under a variety of conditions, the electronic structure of Ni in the Ni−Fe hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio gigas, Desulfovibrio baculatus, and Pyrococcus furiosus. The status of the enzyme films used for these measurements was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The L-edge spectra were interpreted by ligand field multiplet simulations and by comparison with data for Ni model complexes. The spectrum for Ni in D. gigas enzyme “form A” is consistent with a covalent Ni(III) species. In contrast, all of the reduced enzyme samples exhibited high spin Ni(II) spectra. The significance of the Ni(II) spin state for the structure of the hydrogenase active site is discussed.
An emerging role for nitric oxide in sickle cell disease vascular homeostasis and therapy (2003)

Nitric oxide participates in the compensatory response to chronic vascular injury in patients with sickle cell disease. The authors have found reductions of basal and stimulated nitric oxide production and responses to exogenous nitric oxide in male patients with sickle cell disease. Gender differences in nitric oxide bioavailability are probably caused in part by the protective effects of ovarian estrogen on nitric oxide synthase expression and activity in women. Further, in men, and likely all patients during vaso-occlusive crisis and the acute chest syndrome, nitric oxide is destroyed by increased circulating plasma hemoglobin and superoxide. The combined effects of inhaled nitric oxide gas of improving pulmonary ventilation to perfusion matching and hemodynamics, reducing alveolar and systemic inflammation, and inhibiting circulating plasma hemoglobin (and thus restoring peripheral nitric oxide bioavailability) may modulate the course of the disease, including the frequency and severity of vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome episodes. Possible effects of chronic nitric oxide-based therapies on erythrocyte density, pulmonary artery pressures, and fetal hemoglobin induction deserve study.
Bone loss: Factors that regulate osteoclast differentiation - an update (2000)

Osteoclast activation is a critical cellular process for pathological bone resorption, such as erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or generalized bone loss. Among many factors triggering excessive osteoclast activity, cytokines such as IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha play a central role. New members of the TNF receptor ligand family (namely receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B [RANK] and RANK ligand [RANKL]) have been discovered whose cross-interaction is mandatory for the differentiation of osteoclasts from hemopoietic precursors, in both physiological and pathological situations. Osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor which blocks this interaction, decreases osteoclast activity and could have a fascinating therapeutic potential in conditions associated with upregulated bone resorption.
Performance evaluation of digital signal transmission channels on coronating power lines (2003)

A procedure is presented to evaluate transient responses of multiconductor power line carrier channels to any input digital signal code. The method involves the synthesis of an autoregressive filter to simulate corona noise on HV transmission lines. An accurate model of the multiconductor power line and a rigorous propagation algorithm are used. The single-phase and two-phase couplings most suitable for digital transmission on a practical three-phase line are selected. Transmission capacity limits for various lengths and different signal-to-corona noise ratios are given. Results of an extensive series of simulation tests run on a practical 380-kV power line are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Current-Induced Insulator-Metal Transition and Pattern Formation in an Organic Charge-Transfer Complex (1999)

Organic molecular Mott insulators, in which carriers are localized as a result of the electron correlation, showed nonlinear electric conduction upon application of a high electric field along the molecular stacking axis. The current-driven low-resistive state of potassium 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanane was stabilized down to 2 kelvin, where a metallic path was visible with a microscope. The current flow caused a stripe-like periodic phase-segregation into the carrier-rich and carrier-poor regions along the current path.
Thyrocytes Express a Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3: Overexpression Can Be Induced by Viral Infection and Reversed by Phenylmethimazole and Is Associated with Hashimoto’s Autoimmune Thyroiditis (2005)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate an innate immune response. TLR3 on dendritic cells recognize double-stranded (ds) RNA and then signal increases in cytokines and recognition molecules important for immune cell interactions. In this report, we demonstrate TLR3 mRNA and protein are expressed on Fisher rat thyroid cell line-5 (FRTL-5) thyroid cells and are functional because incubating cells with polyinosine-polycytidylic acid causes 1) transcriptional activation of both the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Elk1 and interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-3/IFN-beta signal paths, 2) posttranscriptional activation of NF-kappaB and ERK1/2, and 3) increased IFN-beta mRNA. TLR3 can be overexpressed, along with dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, major histocompatibility complex-I or II, and IFN regulatory factor-1, by transfecting dsRNA into the cells, infection with Influenza A virus, or incubation with IFN-beta, but not by incubation with dsRNA or IFNgamma, or by dsDNA transfection. A methimazole (MMI) derivative, phenylmethimazole, to a significantly greater degree than MMI, prevents overexpression by inhibiting increased transcriptional activation of IRF-3 and of IFN-stimulated response elements, phosphorylation of signal transducers and activation of transcription (STAT-1), but not NF-kappaB activation. TLR3 can be functionally overexpressed in cultured human thyrocytes by dsRNA transfection or IFN-beta treatment. Immunohistochemical studies show that TLR3 protein is overexpressed in human thyrocytes surrounded by immune cells in 100% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis examined, but not in normal or Graves' thyrocytes. We conclude that functional TLR3 are present on thyrocytes; TLR3 downstream signals can be overexpressed by pathogen-related stimuli; overexpression can be reversed by phenylmethimazole to a significantly greater extent than MMI by inhibiting only the IFN regulatory factor-3/IFN-beta/signal transducers and activation of transcription arm of the TLR3 signal system; and TLR3 overexpression can induce an innate immune response in thyrocytes, which may be important in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in the immune cell infiltrates.
The "Retinoic Acid Syndrome" in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1992)

The use of all-trans retinoic acid to induce hematologic remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia is associated in some patients with the development of a potentially lethal syndrome that is not uniformly accompanied by peripheral blood leukocytosis. Early recognition of the symptom complex of fever and dyspnea, combined with prompt corticosteroid treatment, may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with this syndrome.
O Limite (1997)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Intracellular Clusterin Inhibits Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Suppressing p53-Activating Stress Signals and Stabilizing the Cytosolic Ku70-Bax Protein Complex (2008)

We suggest that elevated sCLU levels may enhance tumorigenesis by interfering with Bax proapoptotic activities and contribute to one of the major characteristics of cancer cells, that is, resistance to apoptosis.
Urinary Proteomic Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease (2007)

Urinary proteomics is emerging as a powerful non-invasive tool for diagnosis and monitoring of variety of human diseases. We tested whether signatures of urinary polypeptides can contribute to the existing biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined a total of 359 urine samples from 88 patients with severe CAD and 282 controls. Spot urine was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled to ESI-TOF-MS enabling characterization of more than 1000 polypeptides per sample. In a first step a "training set" for biomarker definition was created. Multiple biomarker patterns clearly distinguished healthy controls from CAD patients, and we extracted 15 peptides that define a characteristic CAD signature panel. In a second step, the ability of the CAD-specific panel to predict the presence of CAD was evaluated in a blinded study using a "test set." The signature panel showed sensitivity of 98% (95% confidence interval, 88.7-99.6) and 83% specificity (95% confidence interval, 51.6-97.4). Furthermore the peptide pattern significantly changed toward the healthy signature correlating with the level of physical activity after therapeutic intervention. Our results show that urinary proteomics can identify CAD patients with high confidence and might also play a role in monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions. The workflow is amenable to clinical routine testing suggesting that non-invasive proteomics analysis can become a valuable addition to other biomarkers used in cardiovascular risk assessment.
The Bacillus subtilis L-arabinose (ara) operon: nucleotide sequence, genetic organization and expression (1997)

The Bacillus subtilis L-arabinose metabolic genes araA, araB and araD, encoding L-arabinose isomerase, L-ribulokinase and L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively, have been cloned previously and the products of araB and araD were shown to be functionally homologous to their Escherichia coli counterparts by complementation experiments. Here we report that araA, araB and araD, whose inactivation leads to an Ara- phenotype, are the first three ORFs of a nine cistron transcriptional unit with a total length of 11 kb. This operon, called ara, is located at about 256 degrees on the B. subtilis genetic map and contains six new genes named araL, araM, araN, araP, araQ and abfA. Expression of the ara operon is directed by a strong sigma A-like promoter identified within a 150 bp DNA fragment upstream from the translation start site of araA. Analysis of the sequence of the ara operon showed that the putative products of araN, araP and araQ are homologous to bacterial components of binding-protein-dependent transport systems and abfA most probably encodes an alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. The functions of araL and araM are unknown. An in vitro-constructed insertion-deletion mutation in the region downstream from araD allowed us to demonstrate that araL, araM, araN, araP, araQ and abfA are not essential for L-arabinose utilization. Studies with strains bearing transcriptional fusions of the operon to the E. coli lacZ gene revealed that expression from the ara promoter is induced by L-arabinose and repressed by glucose.
Random mutagenesis of gene-sized DNA molecules by use of PCR with Taq DNA polymerase (1991)

Journal Article Random mutagenesis of gene-sized DNA molecules by use of PCR with Taq DNA polymerase Get access Yuhong Zhou, Yuhong Zhou Department of Chemistry and Waksman Institute, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ 08855, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Xiaoping Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang Department of Chemistry and Waksman Institute, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ 08855, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard H. Ebright Richard H. Ebright Department of Chemistry and Waksman Institute, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ 08855, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 21, 11 November 1991, Page 6052, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.21.6052 Published: 11 November 1991 Article history Received: 20 August 1991 Published: 11 November 1991
Fluorescence Enhancement through Enzymatic Cleavage of Internally Quenched Dendritic Peptides: A Sensitive Assay for the AspN Endoproteinase (2002)

Eine Möglichkeit, den Syntheseaufwand zu reduzieren, der mit FRET-basierten Techniken zur Proteasenanalyse und -charakterisierung verbunden ist, wird hier vorgestellt. Die Proteasen-vermittelte Spaltung fluoreszenter Peptide, die an ein Dendrimer gebunden sind, führt zu einer starken Zunahme der Fluoreszenz (siehe Schema).
Impedance Modulation by Pulsed Ultrasound (1999)

A bstract : The propagation of an acoustic wave in an electrolyte solution produces local and periodic conductivity changes. This acousto‐electrical interaction is due to the variations of the parameters controlling ionic conductivity against pressure and temperature. The overall effect is about 10 −7 % Pa −1 for solutions of physiological ions and is practically independent of the ionic species involved. The bulk compressibility of the medium is responsible for about 47% of the effect, the change in viscosity due to pressure changes is responsible for about 18%, and the changes of ionic mobility against temperature are responsible for about 35%. Detectable impedance changes were produced in the focal zone of a 500‐kHz focused transducer using moderate intensity ultrasound (peak pressure &lt; 1 MPa). This technique potentially enables the association of the spatial resolution of pulsed ultrasound and impedance measurement, although technical improvements and feasibility studies are still needed prior to practical applications.
Angiogenesis and the Fibrinolytic System (1996)

Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of capillaries from preexisting blood vessels. This involves a balanced spatiotemporal modulation of endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. An array of proteolytic enzymes expressed from endothelial cells including those of the plasminogen activator/plasmin system are required for angiogenesis to occur. In this review we focus on the growth factors that are involved in the angiogenic process and that modulate the expression and/or the activity of the plasminogen activator/plasmin system. The elucidation of the interactions between angiogenic growth factors, endothelial cell proteolytic enzymes, and the extracellular environment could ultimately lead to the therapeutic approaches to block angiogenesis and the pathophysiological conditions associated with it.
IMU-RGBD camera navigation using point and plane features (2013)

In this paper, we present a linear-complexity 3D inertial navigation algorithm using both point and plane features observed from an RGBD camera. In particular, we study the system's observability properties, and prove that: (i) When observing a single plane feature of known direction, the IMU gyroscope bias is observable. (ii) By observing a single point feature, as well as a single plane of known direction but not perpendicular to gravity, all degrees of freedom of the IMU-RGBD navigation system become observable, up to global translations. Next, based on the results of the observability analysis, we design a consistency-improved, observability-constrained (OC) extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based estimator for the IMU-RGBD camera navigation system. Finally, we experimentally validate the superiority of our proposed algorithm compared to alternative methods in urban scenes.