gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell derived growth factor, acrogranin) in proliferation and tumorigenesis. (2003)

The granulin-epithelin precursor, progranulin, PC-cell-derived growth factor or acrogranin, is a high molecular weight secreted mitogen. It is abundantly expressed in rapidly cycling epithelial cells, in the immune system and in neurons, such as cerebellar Purkinje cells. Progranulin contributes to tumorigenesis in diverse cancers, including breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma and glioblastoma. It regulates the rate of epithelial cell division in responsive epithelial cells, and confers an invasive phenotype on these cells. It is involved in the wound response. During embryogenesis, progranulin accelerates blastocyst formation, and is a growth factor for trophectodermal cells. In the neonate, progranulin, regulates the hormone-dependent virilization of the hypothalamus. It activates phosphorylation of Shc, and p44/42 MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) in the ERK (extracellular regulated kinase) signaling pathway; PI3K (phosophatidyl inositol-3-kinase), AKT/protein kinase B, and p70S6kinase in the phosophatidyl inositol-3-kinase pathway; and focal adhesion kinase in the adhesion/motility pathway. The signaling properties of progranulin are apparently similar to those of classic growth factors, but the functional properties of progranulin distinguish it from these molecules. Deleting the insulin-like growth factor I receptor from murine embryonic fibroblasts blocks proliferation in response to all classic growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, whereas progranulin retains mitotic activity on these cells. The defined biological actions of progranulin probably represent a small fraction of its overall functions. Transcriptome analyses show that the progranulin gene is induced in numerous situations that vary from obesity to the transcriptional response of cells to antineoplastic drugs. Here, the biological roles of progranulin will be reviewed, with an emphasis on cancer and cell proliferation.
Does the mechanism of action of biatrial pacing for atrial fibrillation involve changes in cardiac haemodynamics? Assessment by Doppler echocardiography and natriuretic peptide measurements (2000)

Acute BI pacing shortens the P-R interval and causes earlier left atrial contraction in relation to the surface electrocardiogram P wave. It does not alter the atrioventricular timing cycle, any other Doppler measurements or change cardiac peptide levels. This suggests that BI pacing does not cause haemodynamic changes that could account for any antifibrillatory properties.
P-selectin/ICAM-1 double mutant mice: acute emigration of neutrophils into the peritoneum is completely absent but is normal into pulmonary alveoli. (1995)

Neutrophil emigration during an inflammatory response is mediated through interactions between adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and neutrophils. P-Selectin mediates rolling or slowing of neutrophils, while intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) contributes to the firm adhesion and emigration of neutrophils. Removing the function of either molecule partially prevents neutrophil emigration. To analyze further the role of P-selectin and ICAM-1, we have generated a line of mice with mutations in both of these molecules. While mice with either mutation alone show a 60-70% reduction in acute neutrophil emigration into the peritoneum during Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced peritonitis, double mutant mice show a complete loss of neutrophil emigration. In contrast, neutrophil emigration into the alveolar spaces during acute S. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia is normal in double mutant mice. These data demonstrate organ-specific differences, since emigration into the peritoneum requires both adhesion molecules while emigration into the lung requires neither. In the peritoneum, P-selectin-independent and ICAM-1-independent adhesive mechanisms permit reduced emigration when one of these molecules is deficient, but P-selectin-independent mechanisms cannot lead to ICAM-1-independent firm adhesion and emigration.
Atomic charges derived from semiempirical methods (1990)

Abstract It is demonstrated that semiempirical methods give electrostatic potential (ESP) derived atomic point charges that are in reasonable agreement with ab initio ESP charges. Furthermore, we find that MNDO ESP charges are superior to AM1 ESP charges in correlating with ESP charges derived from the 6‐31G* basis set. Thus, it is possible to obtain 6‐31G* quality point charges by simply scaling MNDO ESP charges. The charges are scaled in a linear ( y = Mx ) manner to conserve charge. In this way researchers desiring to carry out force field simulations or minimizations can obtain charges by using MNDO, which requires much less computer time than the corresponding 6‐31G* calculation.
Psychopharmacology of prepulse inhibition in mice. (1996)

The attenuation of the startle response termed "prepulse inhibition" (PPI) occurs when an abrupt startling stimulus is preceded 30-500 msec by a barely detectable prestimulus or "prepulse". PPI provides a measure of sensorimotor gating, which is a short time-constant central processing mechanism that is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia, and a number of other neuropsychiatric disorders. The present experiments examined normal PPI in the mouse, and assessed the effects of apomorphine, d-amphetamine, PCP, and MDMA on mouse PPI. As predicted, mice demonstrated robust and reliable PPI, and each compound tested disrupted PPI. As with rats, 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine, 10.0 mg/kg PCP, and 10.0 mg/kg MDMA disrupted PPI significantly, while 5.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine produced a large reduction of PPI that approached significance. Our findings suggest that the mouse may provide another model system for the study of sensorimotor gating mechanisms.
Stabilization of Partially Folded Conformation during α-Synuclein Oligomerization in Both Purified and Cytosolic Preparations (2001)

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein is tightly associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy body, Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, multiple system atrophy, and Hallervorden-Spatz disease, implicating a crucial role of aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis. Here, we examined the effect of elevated temperature on the oligomerization and structural changes of alpha-synuclein in the early stage of aggregation and show that self-assembly is crucial for the stabilization of a partially folded conformation. The efficiency of alpha-synuclein oligomerization increased proportional to the temperature increase, both in purified form and in crude cytosolic preparation. This oligomerization coincided with a small but reproducible change in the circular dichroism spectrum and an increase in the 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid binding. The hydrodynamic dimensions of the dimer measured by size exclusion chromatography suggest a pre-molten globule-like structure. These data suggest that partially folded alpha-synuclein, which is unstable in the monomeric form, is stabilized by self-assembly and that these oligomers may evolve into the fibril nucleus.
Transition to high speed networks SuperJANET experience (1996)

For the time being, trials to establish the Information Superhighway are booming. In Britain, JANET has provided wide-area computer communication, and has recently been upgraded to SuperJANET, increasing the throughput by a factor of five to 10 Mb/s, with some sites having PDH access at n x 34 Mb/s. In this paper, the technological changes seen from a user perspective are addressed. A multimedia communication-based distance learning project on SuperJANET is introduced and the network performance measurements for this project are presented. These measurements suggest the employment of reservation protocol and packet scheduling. We also provide a mechanism for on-the-fly playback of continuous media. 1. Introduction Recent changes in the technology of the British academic network, SuperJANET, have had implications for multimedia communications, particularly continuous media (CM), and in our case, for a multimedia project called MUNSTER. We start by tracing the history of the national aca...
Structure–Function Analysis of Delta Trafficking, Receptor Binding and Signaling in Drosophila (2006)

The transmembrane proteins Delta and Notch act as ligand and receptor in a conserved signaling pathway required for a variety of cell fate specification events in many organisms. Binding of Delta to Notch results in a proteolytic cascade that releases the Notch intracellular domain, allowing it to participate in transcriptional activation in the nucleus. Recent research has implicated the endocytic and ubiquitylation machinery as essential components of Delta-Notch signaling. Our analysis of chimeric and missense Delta variants has delineated a number of structural requirements for Delta trafficking, receptor binding, and signaling. We find that while the Delta N-terminal domain is necessary and sufficient for binding to Notch, the integrity of the epidermal-growth-factor-like repeat (ELR) 2 is also required for Notch binding. Screening of 117 Delta mutant lines for proteins that exhibit aberrant subcellular trafficking has led to the identification of 18 Delta alleles (DlTD alleles) that encode "trafficking-defective" Delta proteins. We find, unexpectedly, that many DlTD alleles contain missense mutations in ELRs within the Delta extracellular domain. Finally, we find that two DlTD alleles contain lysine missense mutations within the Delta intracellular domain (DeltaICD) that may identify residues important for DeltaICD mono-ubiquitylation and subsequent Delta endocytosis and signaling.
TREX1 Deficiency Triggers Cell-Autonomous Immunity in a cGAS-Dependent Manner (2014)

Cytosolic detection of DNA is crucial for the initiation of antiviral immunity but can also cause autoimmunity in the context of endogenous nucleic acids being sensed. Mutations in the human 3' repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) have been linked to the type I IFN-associated autoimmune disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. The exact mechanisms driving unabated type I IFN responses in the absence of TREX1 are only partly understood, but it appears likely that accumulation of endogenous DNA species triggers a cell-autonomous immune response by activating a cytosolic DNA receptor. In this article, we demonstrate that knocking out the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase completely abrogates spontaneous induction of IFN-stimulated genes in TREX1-deficient cells. These findings indicate a key role of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase for the initiation of self-DNA-induced autoimmune disorders, thus providing important implications for novel therapeutic approaches.
Quantification of hydrogen sulphide in humid air by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (2000)

We report the results of a study of the reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+· ions with H2S. This study was undertaken to provide a thorough understanding of the ion chemistry required for accurate quantification of H2S in humid air by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). It shows that slow reactions occur between H3S+, the primary product ions of the H3O+/H2S reaction, and the abundant H2O molecules present in humid air and breath. These reactions disturb somewhat the quantification of H2S by this analytical method, but the kinetic data obtained in this study facilitate precise quantification of H2S in humid air. This study also shows that NO+ does not react with H2S, and that O2+· does react rapidly with H2S, but the product H2S+· ions react rapidly with H2O. Thus, NO+ and O2+· cannot be used as precursor ion for analysis of H2S in moist air by SIFT-MS. A sample SIFT mass spectrum is shown from which H2S and several other volatile compounds have been quantified in a sample of cow rumen gas. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Plasma Adiponectin with Colorectal Adenoma: Evidence for Participation of Insulin Resistance (2005)

These results suggest an association of visceral fat accumulation and decreased plasma adiponectin concentration with colorectal adenoma in Japanese patients. This study may offer a new insight to understanding the relationship of colorectal carcinogenesis with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.
An improved microwave interferometer technique for plasma density measurements (1984)

An improved technique has been developed for microwave interferometer measurements of plasma density, where the most useful features of previously described techniques are combined. Phase angles from a few degrees to several times 360 degrees can be measured without ambiguity, and there are no phase angles with zero phase shift sensitivity. Reductions of the microwave power (e.g. due to absorption in the plasma) with up to a factor 100 can be taken into account in the evaluation of the measurements. With low power in the test beam, a polar display of the test beam phasor is possible. The minimisation of errors due to imperfect components, and due to uncertainties in the measured quantities, is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The method of evaluation eliminates the influence also of rather large imperfections of the components. The construction and testing of an interferometer based on this technique is described.
Different mechanisms of mitochondrial proton leak in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and preconditioning: implications for pathology and cardioprotection (2006)

The mechanisms of mitochondrial proton (H+) leak under various pathophysiological conditions are poorly understood. In the present study it was hypothesized that different mechanisms underlie H+ leak in cardiac IR (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury and IPC (ischaemic preconditioning). Potential H(+) leak mechanisms examined were UCPs (uncoupling proteins), allosteric activation of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase) by AMP, or the PT (permeability transition) pore. Mitochondria isolated from perfused rat hearts that were subjected to IPC exhibited a greater H+ leak than did controls (202+/-27%, P<0.005), and this increased leakage was completely abolished by the UCP inhibitor, GDP, or the ANT inhibitor, CAT (carboxyattractyloside). Mitochondria from hearts subjected to IR injury exhibited a much greater amount of H+ leak than did controls (411+/-28%, P<0.001). The increased leakage after IR was weakly inhibited by GDP, but was inhibited, >50%, by carboxyattractyloside. In addition, it was inhibited by cardioprotective treatment strategies including pre-IR perfusion with the PT pore inhibitors cyclosporin A or sanglifehrin A, the adenylate kinase inhibitor, AP5A (diadenosine pentaphosphate), or IPC. Together these data suggest that the small increase in H+ leak in IPC is mediated by UCPs, while the large increase in H+ leak in IR is mediated by the ANT. Furthermore, under all conditions studied, in situ myocardial O2 efficiency was correlated with isolated mitochondrial H+ leak (r2=0.71). In conclusion, these data suggest that the modulation of H+ leak may have important implications for the outcome of IR injury.
Concepts of the System/370 vector architecture (1987)

This paper discusses the performance, complexity and system-integration considerations that shaped the System/370 Vector Architecture [1, 9]. The architecture is intended for compatible systems providing a range of price and performance. The paper reviews the reasons for choosing a register-oriented architecture with compound instructions over storage-to-storage operations and vector-instruction chaining. Then it discusses the role of cache in stride-N storage accessing, and describes some new facilities introduced for control-program purposes.
Falcon: on-line monitoring and steering of large-scale parallel programs (2002)

Falcon is a system for on-line monitoring and steering of large-scale parallel programs. The purpose of such program steering is to improve the application's performance or to affect its execution behavior. This paper presents the framework of the Falcon system and its implementation, and then evaluates the performance of the system. A complex sample application, a molecular dynamics simulation program (MD), is used to motivate the research as well as to measure the performance of the Falcon system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
FPGA-based programmable digital PLL with very high frequency resolution (2011)

A FPGA-based tunable all-digital control system featuring high resolution all-digital PLL is presented. The whole system has been designed under Simulink environment and synthesized with QuartusII. The system can achieve very high frequency resolution (0.1Hz) within a frequency range of 20kHz to 60MHz.
A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles. (1999)

As compared to estrogen alone, E + A significantly improved BMD and was well tolerated in surgically menopausal women.
Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds by secondary alcohols using rhodium complexes as catalysts (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of aromatic nitro compounds by secondary alcohols using rhodium complexes as catalystsK. F. Liou and C. H. ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 15, 3018–3021Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00136a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00136a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Candidate Genes in Breast Cancer Revealed by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization of Archived Tissue (2005)

Genomic imbalances in 31 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded primary tumors of advanced breast cancer were analyzed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (matrix-CGH). A DNA chip was designed comprising 422 mapped genomic sequences including 47 proto-oncogenes, 15 tumor suppressor genes, as well as frequently imbalanced chromosomal regions. Analysis of the data was challenging due to the impaired quality of DNA prepared from paraffin-embedded samples. Nevertheless, using a method for the statistical evaluation of the balanced state for each individual experiment, we were able to reveal imbalances with high significance, which were in good concordance with previous data collected by chromosomal CGH from the same patients. Owing to the improved resolution of matrix-CGH, genomic imbalances could be narrowed down to the level of individual bacterial artificial chromosome and P1-derived artificial chromosome clones. On average 37 gains and 13 losses per tumor cell genome were scored. Gains in more than 30% of the cases were found on 1p, 1q, 6p, 7p, 8q, 9q, 11q, 12q, 17p, 17q, 20q, and 22q, and losses on 6q, 9p, 11q, and 17p. Of the 51 chromosomal regions found amplified by matrix-CGH, only 12 had been identified by chromosomal CGH. Within these 51 amplicons, genome database information defined 112 candidate genes, 44 of which were validated by either PCR amplification of sequence tag sites or DNA sequence analysis.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in gynecic squamous carcinoma cells (1994)

TGF-beta 1 and EGF regulation of PTH-rP gene expression in squamous cell carcinomas of gynecologic origin is unique for each cell line studied and different from that in human lung carcinoid cells.
Treatment Regimen And Side Effects Of Treatment Measures (1994)

The severity of asthma can be judged by many features, including the need for medication and associated side effects. Since asthma has both acute and chronic characteristics, therapeutic regimens should be valuable as an instrument to define disease severity and the consequence of intervention. However, because of the variability of asthma severity within each patient, medication quantitation as an index of asthma severity is not without difficulty and limitation. Furthermore, the philosophy of asthma therapy has undergone changes over the past decade. Previously, anti-inflammatory therapy was reserved for only the most severely ill patients. Now, inflammation is recognized as a critical component of asthma, and all patients with active asthma (other than mild symptoms) are recommended to use anti-inflammatory therapy. Although there is little published experience with treatment regimens as an index of disease severity, those that have been used have found validity and reproducibility with this approach. In this paper, a scoring approach to medication use is recommended. Medication is classified into bronchodilator (beta-agonists, theophylline, and anticholinergic) or anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid and cromolyn sodium). Medication scores are given on either a per-use or a new-dosage basis. Furthermore, the eight medications are stratified according to potency (i.e., inhaled corticosteroid < oral corticosteroid < parenteral corticosteroid). From this approach, the severity of an individual patient's asthma can be quantitated, and this value can serve as one instrument to assess disease severity.
Westerly wind bursts and their relationship with ENSO in CMIP3 models (2011)

[1] Equatorial westerly wind bursts (WWBs) and their relationship with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the 18 climate models presented in the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) are examined. Some models depict a realistic eastward shift of collective occurrences of WWBs over the Pacific as the warm pool expands eastward. These models that depict the frequent western Pacific WWBs preceding El Nino peak, known to trigger or enhance El Nino, tend to reproduce westerly background states and ENSO more accurately. Thus the reproducibility of the westerly background states is suggested to be fundamental for WWB occurrences as well as the following El Nino. Although WWBs generate with active convection in most of the models as observations, various kinds of intraseasonal disturbances that cause the active convection are found. It is suggested that organized convection is essential for the WWB generation but is prepared by each model's own dominant mode in the tropics. Under global warming, WWBs tend to increase over the eastern Pacific and decrease over the Indian Ocean whereas the total number of WWBs does not change consistently. This might arise from an increase of short-period convective disturbances over the eastern Pacific due to a sea surface temperature increase. Although there is a weak relationship between changes in the ENSO amplitude and the eastern Pacific WWBs in general, good models reproducing the WWB-ENSO relationship in the current climate tend to show consistent changes, suggesting the possibility of the eastern Pacific WWBs to intensify ENSO.