gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Log-based transactional memory (2007)

Transactional memory gives programmers the ability to declare the synchronization properties their programs need, without requiring that they develop a mechanism (e.g., a locking scheme) to enforce these properties. Ideally, an implementation of transactional memory should: (1) make the expected common case (short transactions that commit) fast; (2) defer rare and difficult-to-implement cases to software; (3) allow transactions of any size and duration; and, (4) allow programmers to nest transactions to arbitrary depths. 
Log-Based Transactional Memory (LogTM) is framework for transactional memory that combines software-based version management (with limited hardware support) and conservative hardware conflict detection to support arbitrary-size transactions with limited hardware. Version management requires maintaining multiple versions of data values: old values, the values at the start of the transaction, and new values, which are generated inside a transaction. Any memory location modified in a transaction will hold its new value if the transaction commits, and its old value if the transaction aborts. LogTM performs version management by eagerly updating memory in place during transactions and saving old values in a per-thread transaction log. No further action is needed to commit a transaction since new values are kept in place. To abort a transaction, LogTM restores saved values from the log. Fortunately, (for most workloads) aborts are rare. Because aborts are infrequent, LogTM can reduce hardware complexity by performing aborts in software without degrading performance. Conflict detection identifies overlaps between the write set of each transaction with the read set or write set of other concurrent transactions. Like other hardware transactional memory systems, LogTM detects conflicts on cached data by augmenting the cache coherence mechanism, e.g., by adding a read (R) and write (W) bit to each cache line. LogTM implementations extend this mechanism (e.g., with sticky states, which enable the directory to continue to send coherence messages to a processor for a blocks it has evicted from its cache) so that processors can conservatively detect conflicts even for blocks not present in the cache.
A potential role for CCN2/CTGF in aggressive colorectal cancer (2016)

CCN2, also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a transcriptional target of TGF-β signaling. Unlike its original name ("CTGF") suggested, CCN2 is not an actual growth factor but a matricellular protein that plays an important role in fibrosis, inflammation and connective tissue remodeling in a variety of diseases, including cancer. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CCN2 signaling induces stromal infiltration and facilitates a strong tumor-stromal interaction. In many types of cancer, CCN2 overexpression has been associated with poor outcome. CMS4 (Consensus Molecular Subtype 4) is a recently identified aggressive colorectal cancer subtype, that is characterized by up-regulation of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis, complement activation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition, a high influx of stromal fibroblasts contributes to the mesenchymal-like gene expression profile of this subtype. Furthermore, compared with the other three CMS groups, CMS4 tumors have the worst prognosis. Based on these observations, we postulated that CCN2 might contribute to colorectal cancer progression, especially in the CMS4 subtype. This review discusses the available literature on the role of CCN2 in colorectal cancer, with a focus on the 'fibrotic subtype' CMS4.
Relationship Between the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Surge and Androstenedione Synthesis of Preantral Follicles in the Cyclic Hamster: Detection by In Vitro Responses to LH1 (1983)

Preantral follicles of cyclic hamsters were isolated on proestrus, estrus and diestrus I, incubated for 3 h in 1 ml TC-199 containing 1 microgram ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) (NIH-S22), and the concentrations of progesterone (P), androstenedione (A) and estradiol (E2) determined by radioimmunoassay. At 0900-1000 h on proestrus (pre-LH surge) preantral follicles produced 2.4 +/- 0.3 ng A/follicle per 3 h, less than 100 pg E2/follicle and less than 250 pg P/follicle. At the peak of the LH surge (1500-1600 h) preantral follicles produced 1.8 +/- 0.2 ng P and 1.9 +/- 0.1 A and less than 100 pg E2/follicle. After the LH surge (1900-2000 h proestrus and 0900-1000 h estrus) preantral follicles were unable to produce A and E2 but produced 4.0 +/- 1.0 and 5.0 +/- 1.1 ng P/follicle, respectively. By 1500-1600 h estrus, the follicles produced 8.1 +/- 3.1 ng P/follicle but synthesized A (1.6 +/- 0.2 ng/follicle) and E2 (362 +/- 98 pg/follicle). On diestrus 1 (0900-1000 h), the large preantral-early antral follicles produced 1.9 +/- 0.3 ng A, 2.4 +/- 0.4 ng E2 and 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng P/follicle. Thus, there was a shift in steroidogenesis by preantral follicles from A to P coincident with the LH surge; then, a shift from P to A to E2 after the LH surge. The LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surges were blocked by administration of 6.5 mg phenobarbital (PB)/100 g BW at 1300 h proestrus. On Day 1 of delay (0900-1000 h) these follicles produced large quantities of A (2.2 +/- 0.2 ng/follicle) and small amounts of E2 (273 +/- 27 pg/follicle) but not P (less than 250 pg/follicle).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A spline-based algorithm for continuous time-delay estimation using sampled data (2005)

Time delay estimation (TDE) lies at the heart of signal processing algorithms in a broad range of application areas, including communications, coherent imaging, speech processing, and acoustics. In medical ultrasound for example, TDE is used in blood flow estimation, tissue motion measurement, tissue elasticity estimation, phase aberration correction, and a number of other algorithms. Because of its central significance, TDE accuracy, precision, and computational cost are of critical importance. Furthermore, because TDE is typically performed on sampled signals-and delay estimates are usually desired over a continuous domain-time delay estimator performance should be considered in conjunction with associated interpolation. In this paper we present a new time-delay estimator that directly determines continuous time-delay estimates from sampled data. The technique forms a spline-based, piecewise continuous representation of the reference signal then solves for the minimum of the sum squared error between the reference and the delayed signals to determine their relative time delay. Computer simulation results clearly show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other algorithms in terms of jitter and bias over a broad range of conditions. We also describe a modified version of the algorithm that includes companding with only a minor increase in computational cost.
Ab initiocrystallographic structure determination of insulin from protein to electron density without crystal handling (2002)

Insulin crystals suitable for cryogenic data collection and structure determination by single-wavelength anomalous scattering (SAS) were obtained by a self-optimization screening process in a single capillary tube without manipulation of the crystals at any time. Using the counter-diffusion crystallization technique, screening for optimal conditions for crystal growth, incorporation of a strong anomalous scattering halide and cryogenic solution took place simultaneously in a single capillary tube. The crystals in the capillaries can be placed directly in the cryostream for data collection using a conventional home-laboratory X-ray source. High-redundancy data were used to obtain a Patterson solution from the anomalous signal of iodine. As a result, the anomalous scattering-atom position was determined and the phase calculated, giving rise to an initial electron-density map at 2.4 A resolution. This entire procedure from crystal growth to the determination of an initial structure was performed within four weeks.
Propulsion system advances that enable a reusable Liquid Fly Back Booster (LFBB) (1998)

This paper provides an overview of the booster propulsion system for the Liquid Fly Back Booster (LFBB). This includes, system requirements, design approach, concept of operations, reliability, safety and cost assumptions. The paper summarizes the findings of the Boeing propulsion team that has been studying the LFBB feasibility as a booster replacement for the Space Shuttle. This paper will discuss recent advances including a new generation of kerosene and oxygen rich pre-burner staged combustion cycle main rocket engines. The engine reliability and safety is expected to be much higher than current standards by adding extra operating margins into the design and normally operating the engines at 75% of engine rated power. This allows for engine out capability. The new generation of main engines operates at significantly higher chamber pressure than the prior generation of gas generator cycle engines. The oxygen rich pre-burner engine cycle, unlike the fuel rich gas generator cycle, results in internally self-cleaning firings which facilitates reusability. Maintenance is further enhanced with integrated health monitoring to improve safety and turn-around efficiency. The maintainability of the LFBB LOX/kerosene engines is being improved by designing the vehicle/engine interfaces for easy access to key engine components.
Oral Magnesium Therapy Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2000)

Oral magnesium therapy in CAD patients is associated with significant improvement in brachial artery endothelial function and exercise tolerance, suggesting a potential mechanism by which magnesium could beneficially alter outcomes in CAD patients.
Mechanical properties of SiO2aerogels (1988)

Ultrasonic and static compression experiments were performed in the frequency range 50 kHz to 1 MHz in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of silica aerogels as a function of internal gas pressure pG and external stress Pext. The measurement of longitudinal and transverse sound velocities allows the Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio for aerogels of different densities to be determined upon variation of pG and Pext. For low-density aerogels ( rho approximately=100 kgm-3) the authors found a decrease in sound velocity upon evacuation. Surprisingly, the sound velocity decreases upon uniaxial compression with small loads. The most important finding from the static compression experiments is that low-density aerogels display creeping with a time constant of about 45 min.
DNA Profiling and Population Genetics (2013)

The successful application of DNA profiling in the Pitchfork case was a historic change in the investigation of crimes that assists the prosecution to exclude the innocent and convict the perpetrator of the crime. The rapid developments in DNA technology have not only had major implications for the identification of criminals in criminal investigations, but also have resulted in overall changes in the clarification of civil cases.This article reviewed the various methods of DNA profiling and the issues of the population genetics of Taiwanese (Hans), the foreign workers and the aboriginals in Taiwan. There are two main methods, RFLP and PCR-based methods, both all of which are derived from the characterisation of DNA polymorphism. RFLP method, genetic types at variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci are determined and used to analyse human chromosome DNA. Now, various PCR-based methods, particularly STRs, are widely being used. Reviews of the research on the population genetics, Taiwanese showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The foreign workers, Philippines and Thailand in Taiwan, also showed no deviation from Hardyand the issues of the population genetics of Taiwanese (Hans), the forAmi and Atayal) showed significant departures from genetic equilibrium. We suggest that if the race of the person who left the DNA sample is known, the database for the person’s race should be applied; if the race is not known, calculations for all racial groups to which possible suspects belong should be made.
Twelve- and 52-Week Efficacy of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor LAF237 in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

Data from this study demonstrate that LAF237 effectively prevents deterioration of glycemic control when added to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Human lambda light-chain constant region gene CMor lambda: the primary structure of lambda VI Bence Jones protein Mor. (1985)

Serologic, structural, and genetic analyses have shown that the constant (C) region of human kappa light chains is encoded by a single gene, whereas that of lambda chains is encoded by multiple genes. We have determined the complete C region amino acid sequence of two monoclonal lambda VI light chains, Bence Jones proteins Sut and Mor. The C region of lambda chains Sut and Mor consists of 105 residues, as is characteristic for human lambda light chains, of which 102 are identical in sequence. Protein Sut has the C region sequence associated with the C lambda isotype Mcg-, Kern-, Oz+ and represents a product of the C lambda 3 (Kern-, Oz+) gene. Protein Mor has a C region sequence associated with Mcg-, Kern-, and Oz- proteins but differs from protein Sut by the presence of three amino acid interchanges at positions 168, 176, and 194. These substitutions distinguish protein Mor from lambda chains encoded by the C lambda 1 (Mcg+), C lambda 2 (Kern-, Oz-), and C lambda 3 (Kern-, Oz+) genes and provide further evidence for polymorphism of the human C lambda genome. The gene encoding the C region sequence of lambda chain Mor is designated CMor lambda.
On the Application of Embedded Training to Connected Letter Recognition for Directory Listing Retrieval (1984)

Automatic speech recognition has advanced to the stage where it is now possible to recognize connected strings of words (e.g., digits, letters, city names, airline terms) from a word reference set of isolated tokens of each of the words in the vocabulary. Recently, an improved training technique called embedded word training was proposed, in which reference word patterns were extracted from within connected word sequences themselves. In this investigation we extend the embedded word training procedure to handle letters of the alphabet for use in a directory listing retrieval task. By performing connected letter recognition of spoken names based on letter classes (rather than specific letters themselves), we show how reliable name recognition results can be achieved using a fairly straightforward system on 200 randomly chosen names (chosen from an 18,210-name directory) spoken at a normal rate by four talkers (three male, one female) in a speaker-trained mode. We have found that an 8-percent improvement in name recognition accuracy is obtained when using embedded letter training patterns over that obtained from isolated letter patterns alone. The overall name recognition accuracy was close to 95 percent.
The influence of a heparin-like compound on hypertension, electrolytes and aldosterone in man. (1966)

The mechanisms of the aldosterone-inhibiting and antihypertensive actions of heparin and certain other sulfated mucopolysaccharides were investigated in 13 hypertensive patients. N-formyl chitosan polysulfuric acid (RO 1-8307) was used rather than heparin because of its low anticoagulant activity. RO 1-8307 lowered aldosterone secretion in one patient with proved and one with probable primary aldosteronism; this indicates that the mucopolysaccharide does not inhibit aldosterone secretion via the renin-angiotensin mechanism. In six hypertensive patients RO 1-8307 caused a fall in the secretion of aldosterone and its probable immediate precursor, 18-hydroxycorticosterone; therefore it does not act at the last step in the synthesis of aldosterone. RO 1-8307 produced a prolonged clinical and biochemical remission in the two patients considered to have primary aldosteronism but did not influence blood pressure in five of seven patients in whom excessive aldosterone was probably not a major factor in the hypertension. It is concluded that the antihypertensive action of RO 1-8307, and perhaps of heparin as well, is largely due to suppression of aldosterone secretion.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN SOP PENERIMAAN PASIEN BARU DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN: Relationship Of Application Of New Patient Reception Sop With Level Of Patient Satisfaction (2017)

Pendahuluan : Penerimaan pasien baru merupakan suatu prosedur ketika ada pasien baru datang ke sebuah ruangan rawat inap).Penerimaan pasien baru yang belum dilakukan sesuai standart maka besar kemungkinan akan dapat menurunkan tingkat kepuasan pasien. tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara penerapan sop penerimaan pasien baru dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasional prospektif dengan pendekatan time series. Sampel  penelitian adalah sebagian pasien dan keluarga pasien yang rawat inap di Puskesmas Bareng sejumlah 33 orang dengan cara kuota sampling.instrumen yang digunakan adalah ceklis penerimaan pasien baru dan kuesioner tingkat kepuasan. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa Penerapan SOP penerimaan pasien baru di unit rawat inap Puskesmas Bareng adalah tidak sesuai prosedur dan Tingkat kepuasan pasien di unit rawat inap Puskesmas Bareng adalah Puas, dari uji statistic hasil hitung ? value 0,909 lebih besar dari ? 0,05 maka H0 diterima,didapatkan bahwa  tidak ada hubungan antara penerapan SOP Penerimaan pasien baru dengan tingkat kepuasan. Pembahasan : disarankan untuk perawat dapat melaksanakan penerimaan pasien baru sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan sehingga pasien dan keluarga dapat berperan aktif dalam perawatan dan terjalin hubungan kerjasama yang baik antara pasien dan petugas.
Kata kunci : Penerimaan pasien baru, kepuasan, Puskesmas
Effects of oxamyl and carbofuran on nematode populations below 10 grass cultivars (1983)

Abstract Ten grass cultivars sown in plots of Horotiu sandy loam were treated with oxamyl and carbofuran for insect control, and a year after sowing were sampled for soil nematodes. There were significantly (P&lt;0.05) fewer nematodes in 0‐10 cm soil below 9 of the cultivars, the average reduction being from 2.7 × l0 6 /m 2 to 0.6 × 10 6 /m 2 ; below phalaris there was no reduction. Herbage production was increased (10–24%) in all cultivars except prairie grass. The nematode fauna in untreated plots contained less than 1 % of any of the recognised plant pathogenic nematode genera. Glasshouse pot trials showed some significant responses to oxamyl and carbofuran, in sieved soil in the absence of insects and in sterilised soil. Field response to these insecticides in this trial may be due to insect control; there may be an element of plant response to the chemicals used, but nematode control is not a factor.
Conduction band offset and electron effective mass in GaInNAs/GaAs quantum-well structures with low nitrogen concentration (2001)

We have investigated the optical transitions in Ga1−yInyNxAs1−x/GaAs single and multiple quantum wells using photovoltaic measurements at room temperature. From a theoretical fit to the experimental data, the conduction band offset Qc, electron effective mass me*, and band gap energy Eg were estimated. It was found that the Qc is dependent on the indium concentration, but independent on the nitrogen concentration over the range x=(0–1)%. The me* of GaInNAs is much greater than that of InGaAs with the same concentration of indium, and increases as the nitrogen concentration increases up to 1%. Our experimental results for the me* and Eg of GaInNAs are quantitatively explained by the two-band model based on the strong interaction of the conduction band minimum with the localized N states.
Exploring polyethylenimine‐mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis (2004)

The results obtained are consistent with the proton sponge hypothesis and strongly suggest that the transfection activity of PEI vectors is due to their unique ability to avoid acidic lysosomes.
cDNA cloning and gene mapping of a candidate human cell cycle checkpoint protein. (1996)

A family of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, DNA recombination, and the detection of DNA damage has been recently identified. One of the members of this family, human ATM, is defective in the cells of patients with ataxia telangiectasia and is involved in detection and response of cells to damaged DNA. Other members include Mei-41 (Drosophila melanogaster), Mec1p (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and Rad3 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which are required for the S and G2/M checkpoints, as well as FRAP (Homo sapiens) and Torl/2p (S. cerevisiae), which are involved in a rapamycin-sensitive pathway leading to G1 cell cycle progression. We report here the cloning of a human cDNA encoding a protein with significant homology to members of this family. Three overlapping clones isolated from a Jurkat T-cell cDNA library revealed a 7.9-kb open reading frame encoding a protein that we have named FRP1 (FRAP-related protein) with 2644 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 301 kDa. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and a full-length cDNA FRP1 clone, the FRP1 gene has been mapped to the chromosomal locus 3q22-q24. FRP1 is most closely related to three of the PIK-related kinase family members involved in checkpoint function--Mei-41, Mec1p, and Rad3--and as such may be the functional human counterpart of these proteins.
Production of arrays of chemically distinct nanolitre plugs via repeated splitting in microfluidic devices (2006)

This paper reports a method for the production of arrays of nanolitre plugs with distinct chemical compositions. One of the primary constraints on the use of plug-based microfluidics for large scale biological screening is the difficulty of fabricating arrays of chemically distinct plugs on the nanolitre scale. Here, using microfluidic devices with several T-junctions linked in series, a single input array of large (approximately 320 nL) plugs was split to produce 16 output arrays of smaller (approximately 20 nL) plugs; the composition and configuration of these arrays were identical to that of the input. This paper shows how the passive break-up of plugs in T-junction microchannel geometries can be used to produce a set of smaller-volume output arrays useful for chemical screening from a single large-volume array. A simple theoretical description is presented to describe splitting as a function of the Capillary number, the capillary pressure, the total pressure difference across the channel, and the geometric fluidic resistance. By accounting for these considerations, plug coalescence and plug-plug contamination can be eliminated from the splitting process and the symmetry of splitting can be preserved. Furthermore, single-outlet splitting devices were implemented with both valve- and volume-based methods for coordinating the release of output arrays. Arrays of plugs containing commercial sparse matrix screens were obtained from the presented splitting method and these arrays were used in protein crystallization trials. The techniques presented in this paper may facilitate the implementation of high-throughput chemical and biological screening.