gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the origin of carbon support on the structure and properties of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by dip coating method (2015)

The study considered the preparation and catalytic properties of the TiO2 particles supported on Date Stones Activated Carbon (TiO2/DSAC) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (TiO2/PVA). The prepared samples were characterized by different techniques. The photocatalyst obtained from DSAC support is better than the PVA one in a comparison of the physico-chemical properties, and was also confirmed by the photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant green (BG). The analysis results show that the TiO2 particles were well dispersed in the DSAC surface and the size of the resulting TiO2 crystallites reaches 18 nm. The 24.7 wt% of TiO2 were deposited on the activated carbon whereas 18.5 wt% were agglomerated on the PVA surface. It was concluded that the higher photocatalytic activity in TiO2/DSAC was due to parameters such as content of carbon, percentage of anatase, number of hydroxyl groups and surface area of the catalyst. Keywords: Carbon content, Date stones activated carbon, Polyvinyl alcohol, Photocatalyst, Brilliant green
Bone graft substitutes for the promotion of spinal arthrodesis (2001)

In the prototypical method for inducing spinal fusion, autologous bone graft is harvested from the iliac crest or local bone removed during the spinal decompression. Although autologous bone remains the "gold standard" for stimulating bone repair and regeneration, modern molecular biology and bioengineering techniques have produced unique materials that have potent osteogenic activities. Recombinant human osteogenic growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor are now produced in highly concentrated and pure forms and have been shown to be extremely potent bone-inducing agents when delivered in vivo in rats, dogs, primates, and humans. The delivery of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regions requiring bone formation is also compelling, and it has been shown to be successful in inducing osteogenesis in numerous preclinical studies in rats and dogs. Finally, the identification of biological and non-biological scaffolding materials is a crucial component of future bone graft substitutes, not only as a delivery vehicle for bone growth factors and MSCs but also as an osteoconductive matrix to stimulate bone deposition directly. In this paper, the currently available bone graft substitutes will be reviewed and the authors will discuss the novel therapeutic approaches that are currently being developed for use in the clinical setting.
Advanced Lymphosarcoma: Intensive Cyclical Combination Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone (1972)

Thirty-five patients with advanced lymphosarcoma (32 without previous therapy) were treated with intensive 5-day courses of cyclophosphamide and prednisone, with vincristine given on the first day; this was repeated every 3 weeks until complete remission was attained or tumor resistance appeared. There were 20 (57%) complete and 12 (34%) partial responses. Eighty-nine percent of the complete remissions Fasted more than 1 year. Of all 35 patients, 79% lived more than 1 year. Survival of complete responders was significantly better than that of partial responders. Patients with more extensive disease had significantly shorter survival. Toxicity, chiefly leukopenia, was tolerable, reversible, and not cumulative. In inducing frequent and longlasting complete remissions this regimen (CVP) appears superior to those previously reported.
Combined microwave heating and surface cooling of the cornea (1991)

We investigated a nonsurgical means of reshaping the cornea to correct hyperopia, keratoconus, or myopia. The object was to heat the central stroma of the cornea to the shrinkage temperature of collagen, 55-58 degrees C. The heating device was an open-ended, coaxial, near-field applicator driven at 2450 MHz; it incorporates cooling of the cornea surface by flow of saline. We investigated the system theoretically by computing the 2-D, axisymmetric temperature distribution with the finite element method. We investigated the system experimentally by heating excised steer corneas. Histology showed the system could shrink the stroma to a depth of 0.6 mm while sparing the epithelium in 75% of cases; the diameter of shrinkage was 1.3 mm. Theory predicted a significantly deeper and narrower region of shrinkage than was observed.
The Slp Homology Domain of Synaptotagmin-like Proteins 1–4 and Slac2 Functions as a Novel Rab27A Binding Domain (2002)

rab27A, which encodes a small GTP-binding protein, was recently identified as a gene in which mutations caused human hemophagocytic syndrome (Griscelli syndrome) and ashen mice, which exhibit defects in melanosome transport as well as in regulated granule exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking or the specific effector molecules of Rab27A. In this study, we discovered that the Slp (synaptotagmin-like protein) homology domain (SHD) of Slp1--3 and Slac2-a/b specifically and directly binds the GTP-bound form of Rab27A both in vitro and in intact cells but not of the other Rabs tested (Rab1, Rab2, Rab3A, Rab4, Rab5A, Rab6A, Rab7, Rab8, Rab9, Rab10, Rab11A, Rab17, Rab18, Rab20, Rab22, Rab23, Rab25, Rab28, and Rab37). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that Slp2 (or Slp1) colocalized with Rab27A in the melanosomes of melanoma cells. Slp2 and Rab27A were distributed to the periphery of the cells (especially at the dendritic tips) in the wild-type melanoma cells, whereas they accumulated in the perinuclear region in the melanosome transport-defective cells (S91/Cloudman). These results strongly indicated that the SHD of Slp1--3 and Slac2 functions as an in vivo Rab27A binding domain.
Melanin and nicotine: A review of the literature (2006)

The role of melanin in nicotine uptake and metabolism has received little attention. Because nicotine has been shown to accumulate in tissues containing melanin, exploring links between melanin and nicotine may provide additional clues to understanding smoking behavior and disease effects. To examine the scientific literature on the relationship between melanin and nicotine, we conducted a PubMed search. We also searched online archives of internal tobacco industry documents. We retrieved and reviewed 82 published research papers related to melanin and nicotine or melanin and metabolism of other drugs, and 150 relevant internal tobacco industry documents. The published literature suggests that nicotine may accumulate in human tissues containing melanin and this retention may increase melanin synthesis. Existing research on the relationship between melanin and nicotine lacks an adequate consideration of this relationship's potential impact, if any, on nicotine metabolism, level of nicotine dependence, and ability to quit smoking. Differential accumulation of nicotine in melanin-containing tissues could have implications for individuals with high levels of melanin.
A mild solvothermal route to chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn(SexS1 − x)2 nanocrystallites (2001)

Chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn(SexS1 − x)2 nanocrystallites (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were successfully prepared via a relatively simple and convenient solvothermal route. From X-ray data it is found that the cell constants a and c vary linearly with the composition x as: a(Å) = 5.5299 + 0.2665x, c(Å) = 11.1004 + 0.5139x. The sample CuInSeS was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The optical property of CuIn(SexS1 − x)2 nanocrystallites was also recorded by means of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the effect of different solvents on the formation of the product was studied to indicate that ethylenediamine is the optimal solvent for this reaction. Finally, the reaction mechanism in ethylenediamine was also investigated.
Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of an Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Encoding the Codon-Optimized F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2009)

Adenoviral vectors (AdV) have received considerable attention for vaccine development because of their high immunogenicity and efficacy. In previous studies, it was shown that DNA immunization of mice with codon-optimized expression plasmids encoding the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV F) resulted in enhanced protection against RSV challenge compared to immunization with plasmids carrying the wild-type cDNA sequence of RSV F. In this study, we constructed AdV carrying the codon-optimized full-length RSV F gene (AdV-F) or the soluble form of the RSV F gene (AdV-Fsol). BALB/c mice were immunized twice with AdV-F or AdV-Fsol and challenged with RSV intranasally. Substantial levels of antibody to RSV F were induced by both AdV vaccines, with peak neutralizing-antibody titers of 1:900. Consistently, the viral loads in lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were significantly reduced by a factor of more than 60,000. The protection against viral challenge could be measured even 8 months after the booster immunization. AdV-F and AdV-Fsol induced similar levels of immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Therefore, these results encourage further development of AdV vaccines against RSV infection in humans.
Golgi membranes contain an electrogenic H+ pump in parallel to a chloride conductance. (1983)

Rat liver Golgi vesicles were isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. A fraction enriched in galactosyl transferase and depleted in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomal markers was found to contain an ATP-dependent H+ pump. This proton pump was not inhibited by oligomycin but was sensitive to N-ethyl maleimide, which distinguishes it from the F0-F1 ATPase of mitochondria. GTP did not induce transport, unlike the lysosomal H+ pump. The pump was not dependent on the presence of potassium nor was it inhibited by vanadate, two of the characteristics of the gastric H+ ATPase. Addition of ATP generated a membrane potential that drove chloride uptake into the vesicles, suggesting that Golgi membranes contain a chloride conductance in parallel to an electrogenic proton pump. These results demonstrate that Golgi vesicles can form a pH difference and a membrane potential through the action of an electrogenic proton translocating ATPase.
Mouse model for Usher syndrome: linkage mapping suggests homology to Usher type I reported at human chromosome 11p15. (1995)

Usher syndrome is a group of diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance, congenital hearing loss, and the development of retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degeneration characterized by night blindness and visual field loss over several decades. The causes of Usher syndrome are unknown and no animal models have been available for study. Four human gene sites have been reported, suggesting at least four separate forms of Usher syndrome. We report a mouse model of type I Usher syndrome, rd5, whose linkage on mouse chromosome 7 to Hbb and tub has homology to human Usher I reported on human chromosome 11p15. The electroretinogram in homozygous rd5/rd5 mouse is never normal with reduced amplitudes that extinguish by 6 months. Auditory-evoked response testing demonstrates increased hearing thresholds more than control at 3 weeks of about 30 decibels (dB) that worsen to about 45 dB by 6 months.
Quality of life during menstruation in patients with inherited bleeding disorders (1998)

Menorrhagia is a common and major problem for patients with inherited bleeding disorders, especially vWD. Quality of life during menstruation was assessed in 99 patients with inherited bleeding disorders including vWD (n = 57), carriers of haemophilia A (n = 17), carriers of haemophilia B (n = 7) and FXI deficiency (n = 18), and comparison was performed with an age-matched control group (n = 69). A questionnaire was used that included four main sections: (i) general health, (ii) health and daily activities, (iii) dysmenorrhea and (iv) quality of life during the menstrual period. Although patients with inherited bleeding disorders felt that their health (in general) was very good, they had significantly poorer quality of life on all the scales used than controls. Thirty-nine per cent reported having cut down on the amount of time spent on work and other activities as a result of their menstruation; 47% felt that they accomplished less than they would like during this period, 38% felt that they were limited in the kind of work and other activities that they could do, and 40% found that it took extra effort to perform their work. Fifty-one per cent experienced moderate, severe or very severe dysmenorrhoea. Quality of life was statistically poorer in patients with vWD, menstrual scores > 100 according to the pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), those who had periods > or = 8 days and those who experienced flooding or passage of clots. In conclusion, menstruation has a negative effect on the quality of life in patients with inherited bleeding disorders especially in those with objectively confirmed menorrhagia.
Poly(glyceryl glycerol): A multi‐functional hydrophilic polymer for labeling with boronic acids (2017)

ABSTRACT The synthesis of poly(glyceryl glycerol) (PGG), a polymer featuring a polyethylene oxide backbone and 1,2‐diol groups in every repeating unit, is presented. PGG was prepared by monomer‐activated ring‐opening polymerization of ( dl −1,2‐isopropylidene glyceryl) glycidyl ether, introducing a functional azido‐ or bromo‐head group to each chain. The 1,2‐diol groups, which were released by acidic deprotection, readily reacted with boronic acid derivatives, enabling the attachment of functional moieties under mild aqueous conditions. PGG was conjugated to poly( l ‐lactide) (PLLA) via azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and the resulting copolymer assembled into nanoparticles of 70 nm diameter in aqueous solution. Labeling of the PGG–PLLA particles was achieved by simple mixing with a boronic acid‐functional fluorophore. The labeling efficiency was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy to be 85.5% for boronic acid‐functional rhodamine B compared with 0.2% for plain rhodamine B. The strong interaction of PGG with boronic acids is ascribed to its polyol structure. This study demonstrates the usefulness and versatility of PGG as a hydrophilic polymer for possible biomedical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 1822–1830
Screening of Neu5Acα(2–6)gal isomer preferences of siglecs with a sialic acid microarray (2016)

Sialic acids (Sias) are important terminal sugars on cell surfaces involved in a wide range of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Hence, agents modulating sias-mediated protein interactions are promising inhibitors or vaccine candidates. Here, we report the synthesis of Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal structural analogs and their binding to a series of siglecs. The results showed distinct binding patterns with conserved siglecs (hCD22 and mCD22) compared to rapid evolving siglecs (Siglecs -3 & -10).
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam as preanesthetic medication in children: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2015)

Dexmedetomidine is effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents, decreasing postoperative agitation, and providing more effective postoperative analgesia when compared with midazolam.
Planktivores and Plankton Dynamics: Effects of Fish Biomass and Planktivore Type (1992)

We quantified the effects of planktivore biomass and planktivore type in an experimental mesocosm study of factorial design in which five levels of fish biomass (0–75 g/m 3 ) were cross-classified with two plantivore types: filter-feeding gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and visual-feeding bluegill (Lepomis macrochims). As fish biomass increased, cladocerans, cyclopoids, particulate phosphorus (PP) &gt; 200 μm, and chironomids declined; conversely, rotifers, primary productivity, chlorophyll a, turbidity, unicellular flagellates, colonial and unicellular green algae, pennate diatoms, total phosphorus, and 20–200 and 12–20 μm PP were enhanced. In the presence of gizzard shad, as compared with bluegill, cyclopoids, turbidity, unicellular green algae, pennate diatoms, &gt; 200 μm PP, and chironomid tubes were higher whereas colonial green algae and &lt; 0.2 μm PP were lower. Fish biomass operated independently of planktivore type for most variables, except copepods, colonial green algae, turbidity, and 20–200 μm PP. Although gizzard shad and bluegill have different trophic cascade pathways, fish biomass was more important than planktivore type as a regulator of plankton communities and water quality.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists: Novel Members of the Azaline B Family (1995)

A series of antagonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) homologous to azaline B ([Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Atz),DAph6+ ++(Atz),ILys8,DAla10]GnRH) was synthesized, characterized, and tested in a rat antiovulatory assay (AOA). Selected analogues were also tested in both an in vitro dispersed rat pituitary cell culture assay for inhibition of GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release and an in vitro histamine release assay. The duration of action of some of the most potent and safest analogues in those assays was also determined in the castrated male rat in order to measure the extent (efficacy and duration of action) of inhibition of luteinizing hormone release. Structurally, this series of analogues has novel substitutions (X and Y) in the structure of the azaline B precursor: [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,-Aph5(X),DAph6(Y),++ +ILys8,DAla10]GnRH. These substitutions were designed to confer increased hydrophilicity as compared to that of azaline B (determined by relative retention times on a C18 reverse phase column using a triethylammonium phosphate buffer at pH 7.3) or to make them more easily accessible synthetically. Some bulky substituents were introduced in order to probe the spatial limitations of the receptor's cavity. These substitutions include acylated 4-aminophenylalanine at positions 5 and/or 6 (29 analogues), N alpha-methylated backbone substitutions (six analogues), N omega-isopropylaminophenylalanine at position 8, and hydrophilic amino acids at position 1. Out of 20 novel analogues tested for long duration of action in this series, only seven ([Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5,DAph6,ILys8 ,DAla10]GnRH, [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(For),DAph6(For) ,ILys8,DAla10]GnRH, [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Ac),DAph6(Ac),- ILys8,DAla10]GnRH (acyline), [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Pio),DAph6++ +(Pio),ILys8,DAla10]GnRH, [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Atz),DAph6++ +(Ac),ILys8,DAla10]GnRH, [Ac-DNalDCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Atz-beta Ala),DAph6(Atz-beta Ala),ILys8, DAla10]GnRH, [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Aph5(Atz-Gab), DAph6(Atz-Gab),ILys8,DAla10]GnRH) had relative potencies and/or duration of action comparable to those of azaline B. The others were one-half to one-tenth as effective as azaline B. N alpha-Methylated backbone substitutions at position 5 yielded analogues that were significantly more hydrophilic presumably because of the breakage of the NH alpha-Tyr5 to Arg8-CO hydrogen bond reported to stabilize a beta-turn encompassing residues 5-8 and which favored beta-sheet formation as shown earlier by Haviv et al. This substitution resulted, however, in an increased potency in the histamine release assay and in significantly shorter duration of action. Similarly, attempts at replacing isopropyllysine in position 8 by either isopropyl-4-aminophenylalanine or isopropyl-4-(aminomethyl)phenylalanine resulted in loss of potency in the AOA. Changes in chirality at position 1 or 10 resulted in analogues that were one-tenth and one-half as potent, respectively, as acyline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Thermal stability of the silica‐aminopropylsilane‐polyimide interface (1984)

Abstract Thermal degradation of the silica–aminopropylsilane–amic acid/imide interface was studied by modifying a high‐surface‐area, neutral silica gel with a number of substituted aminopropylsilanes (APS). These substrates were reacted further with phthalic anhydride or aromatic amic acid monomers and the thermal decomposition of the adsorbed/reacted materials was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane/poly[ N , N ′‐( p , p ′‐oxydiphenylene)pyromellitimide] interface was also evaluated by this method. Comparison clearly distinguishes the thermal decomposition of surface‐bound APS from surface‐bound alkylphthalimides, the adhesion product of alkylamines and aromatic amic acids. Alkylamine imidization with the elimination of aromatic amine (analogous to polymer scission) and the decomposition of the surface‐bound imide are shown in the amic acid TGA profiles. This imidization and the accompanying aniline elimination begin at about 130°C, under nitrogen, to form the surface alkyl imide which slowly decomposes at 400°C. TGA analysis indicates that the surface‐bound imide undergoes minimal degradation under nitrogen at 370 ± 10°C; temperatures above this threshold range produce changes in the APS–imide interface.
Co-crystal of Escherichia coli RNase HI with Mn2+ Ions Reveals Two Divalent Metals Bound in the Active Site (2001)

Ribonuclease H (RNase H) selectively degrades the RNA strand of RNA.DNA hybrids in a divalent cation-dependent manner. Previous structural studies revealed a single Mg(2+) ion-binding site in Escherichia coli RNase HI. In the crystal structure of the related RNase H domain of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase, however, two Mn(2+) ions were observed suggesting a different mode of metal binding. E. coli RNase HI shows catalytic activity in the presence of Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ions, but these two metals show strikingly different optimal concentrations. Mg(2+) ions are required in millimolar concentrations, but Mn(2+) ions are only required in micromolar quantities. Based upon the metal dependence of E. coli RNase HI activity, we proposed an activation/attenuation model in which one metal is required for catalysis, and binding of a second metal is inhibitory. We have now solved the co-crystal structure of E. coli RNase HI with Mn(2+) ions at 1.9-A resolution. Two octahedrally coordinated Mn(2+) ions are seen to bind to the enzyme-active site. Residues Asp-10, Glu-48, and Asp-70 make direct (inner sphere) coordination contacts to the first (activating) metal, whereas residues Asp-10 and Asp-134 make direct contacts to the second (attenuating) metal. This structure is consistent with biochemical evidence suggesting that two metal ions may bind RNase H but liganding a second ion inhibits RNase H activity.