gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing medication safety and reduce adverse drug events on inpatient medication administration using RFID (2008)

At any time, over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospital. Approximate 380,000 to 450,000 preventable Adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring annually in the United States. Therefore, patient safety has become a serious global public health issue. The purpose of this paper attempts to improve medication safety and reduce ADEs using RFID technology. For improvement of medical service quality in hospitals and reducing medication error, adopting RFID technologies has progressively become a trend. Medication errors and ADEs could be prevented by building a safer healthcare system. Accordingly, we developed the RFID on Inpatient Medication Administration System (RIMAS) and reengineering the inpatient medication processes. The RIMAS system integrating RFID into the existing Hospital Information Systems (HIS) may improve the efficiency of hospital management and medication safety, as well as decrease the risk of adverse drug events thereby increase higher quality of patient care.
Changes in site of obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients according to sleep position: A DISE study (2014)

When sleep posture is changed from supine to lateral, obstruction due to structures such as tongue base and larynx improves dramatically. Obstruction in lateral position is mostly due to obstruction at the oropharyngeal LWs. Therefore, position dependency is mostly determined by LW collapsibility. Evaluating the changes of the upper airway according to sleep position can further characterize the upper airway collapsibility and can be used for tailored treatment planning.
STDD, an approach to low delay, high quality wireless speech communications (2002)

Previously, we (see Wong, Sundberg and Seshadri, GLOBECOM '93, p.1649-1653, 1993) proposed a low-delay multiple access scheme, called shared time-division duplexing (STDD). This scheme allows both the up-link and downlink traffic to share a common channel, thereby achieving high statistical multiplexing gain even with a low population of simultaneous conversations. Here, we focus on transmitting speech using this multiple access scheme by a suitable choice of speech coder, channel coder and modulation. In particular, we consider low delay, high quality speech coding and digital modulation systems based on adaptive DPCM, with QDPSK or pseudo-analog transmission (skewed DPSK). The choice of the alternative systems depends on required end-to-end delay, recovered speech quality and bandwidth efficiency. Typically, with a total capacity of 1 MBaud, 2 ms frame and 8 kBaud speech coding rate, low delay STDD is able to support 48 pairs of users compared to 38, 35 and 16 for TDMA with speech activity detection, basic TDMA and PRMA respectively. This corresponds to respective gains of 26%, 37% and 200%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell and its adipogenic differentiation: Profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2012)

The biomarkers of HUMSCS and adipocytes were obtained and assigned. NMR spectroscopy will be a promising tool for monitoring stem cell differentiation.
Search strategies for multiple landmark detection by submodular maximization (2010)

A fundamental issue in multiple landmark detection is the reduction of computational cost. This problem has previously been addressed mainly by reducing the complexity of each individual landmark detector. We address the problem by optimizing the search strategy of multiple landmarks. When the relative positions of landmarks are constrained, the search space can be reduced, thereby reducing the computation. The proposed method leverages the theory of submodular functions to provide a constant factor approximation guarantee of the optimal speed. Although the theory of submodular functions is well known, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time it is applied to the landmark detection problem. We demonstrate our method by fast and accurate detection of human body landmarks including bones, organs, and vessels in 3D CT images from a diverse dataset of around 2000 volumes with pathological patients. We further provide different search space criteria and variations.
Ca/P ratio effects on the degradation of hydroxyapatite in vitro (2003)

Phase purity is a well-recognized but not well-understood variable affecting the biological integration of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based biomaterials. Minor amounts of specific, relevant impurities--calcium oxide (CaO) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP)--may often be present either as deliberate additions or as a result of decomposition during sintering. We investigated the influence of these two impurities in terms of their effects on surface morphology, weight loss/gain, and microstructural-level degradation. Phase purity variations were deliberately introduced into an otherwise-standardized HA matrix--the parent HA grain size and bulk density were relatively constant--produced using identical fabrication conditions. Stability varied markedly during exposure to mildly acidic, neutral, and pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline. Equivalent molar variations in the Ca/P ratio (1.62 vs 1.72) on either side of the stoichiometric ratio produce relatively small volumetric amounts of CaO (1.6 vol%) versus TCP (27 vol%) in HA. However, the relatively small amounts of CaO render the bulk more susceptible to degradation and more likely to have negative effects on a biological milieu. Interestingly, the presence of CaO is also a potent nucleating agent for the precipitation of new surface phases and detectable weight gain. The TCP-containing ceramic, in contrast, paradoxically exhibited slightly greater resistance to degradation than HA.
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be focused at sites of tumor growth by products of macrophage activation. (1987)

Successful adoptive cancer immunotherapy presumably depends on the accumulation of tumoricidal leukocytes at the sites of tumor growth. Large numbers of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated in vitro by growth in high concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), but relatively few arrive at the tumor site after intravenous injection. We hypothesize that the delivery of LAK cells to tumor sites may be augmented by previously demonstrated lymphocyte-recruiting factors, including activated macrophage products such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor. 111Indium-labeled LAK cells were injected intravenously into syngeneic mice bearing the macrophage activator endotoxin (LPS) in one hind footpad, and saline solution was injected into the contralateral footpad. Significantly more activity was recovered from the LPS-bearing footpad at all times during a 96-hour period. Recombinant IL-1 also attracted more LAK cells after injection into tumor-free hind footpads. Furthermore, LAK cells preferentially homed to hind footpads that were bearing 3-day established sarcomas after intralesional injections of LPS, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor when compared with contralateral tumor-bearing footpads injected with saline solution alone. In preliminary experiments, mice with hind-footpad tumors appeared to survive longer after combined systemic IL-2 and LAK therapy if intralesional LPS was administered. These studies demonstrate that macrophage activation factors that have been shown capable of attracting circulating normal lymphocytes can also effectively attract LAK cells from the circulation. By the stimulation of macrophages at the sites of tumor growth, more LAK cells can be attracted. It is hoped that by "focusing" the migration of LAK cells to tumors, LAK cells and IL-2 would effect tumor regression more efficiently and with less toxicity.
Optimization of Luminescent Materials for Plasma Display Panels (2000)

Plasma display panel technology has the potential to revolutionize the TV market by providing large and flat displays that can be hung on the wall. The authors introduce the principles of PDP technology (see Figure), and discuss their approaches to the problems related to the luminescent materials that must be overcome to make the technology a reality, e.g., protecting the phosphor particles with a layer of nanoparticles of MgO.
Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Epigenetic Modification of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Expression in the Hippocampi of Chronic Restraint Stress Rats (2018)

Recent studies have shown that antipsychotic drugs have epigenetic effects. However, the effects of antipsychotic drugs on histone modification remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of antipsychotic drugs on the epigenetic modification of the BDNF gene in the rat hippocampus. Rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress (6 h/d for 21 d) and then were administered with either olanzapine (2 mg/kg) or haloperidol (1 mg/kg). The levels of histone H3 acetylation and MeCP2 binding at BDNF promoter IV were assessed with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The mRNA levels of total BDNF with exon IV, HDAC5, DNMT1, and DNMT3a were assessed with a quantitative RT-PCR procedure. Chronic restraint stress resulted in the downregulation of total and exon IV BDNF mRNA levels and a decrease in histone H3 acetylation and an increase in MeCP2 binding at BDNF promoter IV. Furthermore, there were robust increases in the expression of HDAC5 and DNMTs. Olanzapine administration largely prevented these changes. The administration of haloperidol had no effect. These findings suggest that the antipsychotic drug olanzapine induced histone modification of BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus and that these epigenetic alterations may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the actions of antipsychotic drugs.
Automatic array privatization and demand-driven symbolic analysis (1996)

ion for Inner Loop : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22 2.3.2 Working through an Example : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 26 2.3.3 Profitability of Privatization : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28 2.3.4 Last Value Assignment : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30 2.3.4.1 Liveness Analysis : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30 2.3.4.2 Static and Dynamic Last-Value Assignment : : : : : : : : : : : : 31 2.3.5 Interprocedural Analysis of Privatizable Arrays : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 33 2.4 Automatic versus Manual Array Privatization : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35 2.4.1 Limitations and Areas Needing Improvement : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36 2.4.1.1 Simple Enhancement : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36 2.4.1.2 Conditional Analysis : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 37 viii 2.4.1.3 Induction and Monotonic Variable : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38 2.4.2 Pr...
Small Cell Lung Cancer at Subcarina Presenting as a Metastatic Brain Tumor (2010)

A 59-year-old man was rushed to the emergency room. The patient complained of headache with impaired memory function. Brain MRI showed a necrotic tumor in Lt cerebral hemisphere, with severe peritumoral edema (Fig. 1). Pathologic examination of the brain lesion confirmed that the tumor was a small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chest computed tomography revealed a large soft tissue mass with central necrosis at subcarinal area in spite of an initial normal chest X-ray (Fig. 2). Bronchoscopic biopsy of the polypoid mass at subcarina revealed that the mass was a SCLC (Fig. 3). This is the case of SCLC only with an extrapulmonary symptoms despite of a normal chest X-ray. When metastatic brain tumor was found, appropriate chest evaluation should be performed even though chest X-ray was normal because brain is a common site of invasion of lung cancer.
Architectural evaluation of flexible digital signal processing for wireless receivers (2002)

The combined requirements for high-performance, low-power and flexibility is the critical design issue for future wireless digital receivers. We propose using function-specific architectures to provide sufficient flexibility identified at system level that have low energy consumption overhead. In this paper, we evaluate this approach and compare energy efficiency and computation density to other reconfigurable architectures based on different configuration granularities. Two major processing blocks of an OFDM receiver, FFT and Viterbi decoder, are used as design examples.
Resonating periodic waveguides as ultraresolution sensors in biomedicine (2004)

Optical sensor technology based on subwavelength periodic waveguides is applied for tag-free, high-resolution biomedical and chemical detection. Measured resonance wavelength shifts of 6.4 nm for chemically attached Bovine Serum Albumin agree well with theory for a sensor tested in air. Reflection peak efficiencies of 90% are measured, and do not degrade upon biolayer attachment. Phase detection methods are investigated to enhance sensor sensitivity and resolution. Direct measurement of the resonant phase response is reported for the first time using ellipsometric measurement techniques.
Cyclohexene Nucleic Acids (CeNA):  Serum Stable Oligonucleotides that Activate RNase H and Increase Duplex Stability with Complementary RNA (2000)

The replacement of the furanose moiety of DNA by a cyclohexene ring gives a new nucleic acid structure: cyclohexene nucleic acids or CeNA. CeNAs can be obtained by the classical phosphoramidite chemisty starting from protected cyclohexenyl nucleoside building blocks. Incorporation of cylcohexenyl nucleosides in a DNA chain increases the stability of a DNA/RNA hybrid. The complex formed between cyclohexenyl oligoadenylate and its DNA or RNA complement is of similar stability. Circular dichroism (CD) and NMR studies indicate easy conformational adaptation of a cyclohexenyl nucleoside when incorporated in a natural nucleic acid structure. CeNA is stable against degradation in serum and a CeNA/RNA hybrid is able to activate E. Coli RNase H, resulting in cleavage of the RNA strand.
Lambda Interferon Is the Predominant Interferon Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection In Vivo (2010)

The type I alpha/beta interferons (IFN-α/β) are known to play an important role in host defense against influenza A virus infection, but we have now discovered that the recently identified type III IFNs (IFN-λ) constitute the major response to intranasal infection with this virus. Type III IFNs were present at much higher levels than type I IFNs in the lungs of infected mice, and the enhanced susceptibility of STAT2-/- animals demonstrated that only signaling through the IFN-α/β or IFN-λ pathways was sufficient to mediate protection. This finding offers a possible explanation for the similar levels of antiviral protection found in wild-type (WT) mice and in animals lacking a functional type I IFN receptor (IFNAR-/-) but also argues that our current understanding of type III IFN induction is incomplete. While murine IFN-λ production is thought to depend on signaling through the type I IFN receptor, we demonstrate that intranasal influenza A virus infection leads to the robust type III IFN induction in the lungs of both WT and IFNAR-/- mice. This is consistent with previous studies showing that IFNAR-mediated protection is redundant for mucosal influenza virus infection and with data showing that the type III IFN receptor is expressed primarily by epithelial cells. However, the overlapping effects of these two cytokine families are limited by their differential receptor expression, with a requirement for IFN-α/β signaling in combating systemic disease.
A Fourier analysis approach for capillary polarimetry (2002)

A new method of fringe interrogation based on Fourier analysis was implemented and tested for a capillary polarimetry detector. It has significant advantages over the previously employed depth of modulation (DOM) approach, including speed and alignment insensitivity. The new and old methods were compared using a set of interference fringes typically used to facilitate nanoliter volume polarimetric determinations. Polarimetric response was calculated with both methods over the range from 0° to 180°. The results were found to be in good agreement with Malus Law and indicate that an fast Fourier transform (fft) could be used for real-time capillary scale polarimetry in a probe volume of 40 nL.
The ChemoFx<SUP>®</SUP> Assay: An Ex Vivo Cell Culture Assay for Predicting Anticancer Drug Responses (2005)

We provide a detailed description of the ChemoFx Assay, a phenotype-based cell culture assay for predicting anticancer drug responses in individual cancer patients. The ChemoFx Assay is based on the outgrowth and short-term primary culture of epithelial cells derived from pieces of solid tumor adenocarcinomas that are obtained at the time of tumor resection. Malignant epithelial cells are grown attached in wells of microtiter plates and treated with six escalating doses of chemotherapeutic drug. Using an operator-controlled automated image analysis system, cell kill is measured microscopically by counting the number of live cells remaining after dead cells have detached and are subsequently rinsed away. A dose-response graph is automatically generated by comparing the number of cells in drug-treated wells with those in control wells.
History of Infectious Bursal Disease in the U.S.A.: The First Two Decades (1997)

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) emerged in 1957 as a clinical entity responsible for acute morbidity and mortality in broilers on the Delmarva peninsula. The condition spread rapidly and was recognized throughout the U.S. broiler and commercial egg production areas by 1965. Early attempts to isolate the etiologic agent were impeded by a lack of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs and by deficiencies in viral and serologic techniques. By 1967, the highly infectious nature of the agent was recognized. Reliable methods were developed to isolate the virus in embryonated eggs and to adapt it to tissue culture. The agent was characterized as a virus belonging to a new taxonomic group in 1976. The immunosuppressive property of IBD virus was first recognized in 1970 and was confirmed in structured trials in 1976. An early method of control involved planned infection of chickens. This technique lowered IBD mortality but often resulted in immunosuppression and further dissemination of field virus. A live attenuated vaccine was then developed, based on mild field isolates passaged in SPF eggs. This vaccine was federally licensed as the first of its kind for interstate use in 1968. It remains widely used today in breeders as a primer and in the control of very virulent IBD in many countries. The first two decades following emergence of IBD were characterized by close cooperation among scientists in academia, the biologics industry, and the USDA. By 1976, mortality caused by IBD was effectively controlled by vaccination. However, the more subtle effects of immunosuppression and the tremendous economic impact of the disease were just starting to be appreciated. Recognition of Delaware variants in the mid-1980s and emergence of very virulent forms of the condition in Europe and Asia beginning in 1989 attest to the continuing importance of IBD.
Archaeal dUTPase enhances PCR amplifications with archaeal DNA polymerases by preventing dUTP incorporation (2002)

We discovered a thermostable enzyme from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu), which increases yields of PCR product amplified with Pfu DNA polymerase. A high molecular mass (>250 kDa) complex with PCR-enhancing activity was purified from Pfu extracts. The complex is a multimer of two discrete proteins, P45 and P50, with significant similarity to bacterial dCTP deaminase/dUTPase and DNA flavoprotein, respectively. When tested in PCR, only recombinant P45 exhibited enhancing activity. P45 was shown to function as a dUTPase, converting dUTP to dUMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. Pfu dUTPase improves the yield of products amplified with Pfu DNA polymerase by preventing dUTP incorporation and subsequent inhibition of the polymerase by dU-containing DNA. dUTP was found to accumulate during PCR through dCTP deamination and to limit the efficiency of PCRs carried out with archaeal DNA polymerases. In the absence of dUTP inhibition, the combination of cloned Pfu DNA polymerase and Pfu dUTPase (PfuTurbo DNA polymerase) can amplify longer targets in higher yield than Taq DNA polymerase. In vivo, archaeal dUTPases may play an essential role in preventing dUTP incorporation and inhibition of DNA synthesis by family B DNA polymerases.
Purification and characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile (1982)

Toxin preparations were obtained by growing Clostridium difficile VPI strain 10463 in 2-liter brain heart infusion dialysis flasks at 37 degrees C for 3 days. The initial step of the purification scheme involved ultrafiltration through an XM-100 membrane filter. Two toxic activities, designated toxins A and B, were separated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-NaCl gradients. Toxin A was purified to homogeneity by an acetic acid precipitation at pH 5.5. Other separation techniques, including CM Sepharose CL-6B, (NH4)2SO4 and acetic acid precipitations, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, were examined in attempts to further purify toxin B. Although these methods failed to increase the specific activity of toxin B, they provided additional evidence that the two toxins are distinct molecules. The toxins are acid and heat labile and are inactivated by trypsin and chymotrypsin, but not by amylase. The molecular weight of toxin A, as estimated by gel filtration and gradient polyacrylamide electrophoresis, ranged from 440,000 to 500,000. The estimated molecular weight of toxin B was 360,000 to 470,000.
Cytoskeletal Rearrangements in Synovial Fibroblasts as a Novel Pathophysiological Determinant of Modeled Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic burden. Despite intense research efforts, its aetiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. To identify novel genes and/or cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, we utilized a well-recognized tumour necrosis factor-driven animal model of this disease and performed high-throughput expression profiling with subtractive cDNA libraries and oligonucleotide microarray hybridizations, coupled with independent statistical analysis. This twin approach was validated by a number of different methods in other animal models of arthritis as well as in human patient samples, thus creating a unique list of disease modifiers of potential therapeutic value. Importantly, and through the integration of genetic linkage analysis and Gene Ontology-assisted functional discovery, we identified the gelsolin-driven synovial fibroblast cytoskeletal rearrangements as a novel pathophysiological determinant of the disease.
Thermally stable organic electroluminescent device using novel amorphous molecular charge‐transport materials, 4,4′,4“‐tris[bis(4′‐tert‐butyl‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)amino]triphenylamine and 4,4,4“‐tri(n‐carbazolyl)triphenylamine (1998)

Abstract For the purpose of developing an amorphous molecular material with a high glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and a low ionization potential for use as a charge‐transport layer in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices, a novel starburst molecule, 4,4′,4“‐tris[bis(4′‐ tert ‐butylbiphenyl‐4‐yl)amino]triphenylamine ( t ‐Bu‐TBATA), was designed and synthesized. t ‐Bu‐TBATA was found to form readily a stable glass with a Tg of 203 °C. A multilayer EL device consisting of double hole‐transport layers of t ‐Bu‐TBATA and 4,4′,4“‐tri( N ‐carbazolyl)triphenylamine and an emitting layer of tris(8‐quinolinolato)aluminum was fabricated and its performances were examined. The device was found to exhibit good performances and to be thermally stable, operating even at 170 °C.