gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-function analyses of brain angiotensin control of pressor action in rats (1989)

The present investigation examined the relative pressor potencies of intracerebroventricularly infused angiotensin (ANG) II, successively shortened COOH-terminal fragments through ANG II(5-8), and the analogues [Sar1]ANG II through [Sar1]ANG II(5-8). The results indicate that ANG II, ANG III, [Sar1]ANG II, and [Sar1]ANG III were identical with respect to pressor responses in the alert free-moving rat. In addition, ANG II(3-8) and [Sar1]ANG II(3-8) exhibited 68-70% of the activity of the above compounds, whereas the activity of the shorter COOH-terminal fragments dropped to approximately 13-35%. Pressor responses caused by each of the active forms of angiotensin could be substantially reduced by pretreatment with the specific angiotensin receptor antagonist [Sar1,Thr8]ANG II (Sarthran), suggesting either that these ligands are acting at multiple receptors for ANG II and its fragments, which are all blocked by Sarthran, or that the ligands are acting at a common receptor site. These results, coupled with other recent findings, suggest that the brain angiotensin receptor may be designed to preferentially interact with ANG II and/or ANG III or other angiotensin analogues that structurally resemble ANG III such as [Sar1]ANG II. It is concluded that ANG III's importance as a centrally active ligand has been underestimated and that ANG III may be an active form of angiotensin in the brain.
Inhibition of wild-type and mutant Bcr-Abl by AP23464, a potent ATP-based oncogenic protein kinase inhibitor: implications for CML (2004)

The deregulated, oncogenic tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl causes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571), a Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor, selectively inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of CML cells. Despite the success of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of CML, resistance is observed, particularly in advanced disease. The most common imatinib mesylate resistance mechanism involves Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutations that impart varying degrees of drug insensitivity. AP23464, a potent adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-based inhibitor of Src and Abl kinases, displays antiproliferative activity against a human CML cell line and Bcr-Abl-transduced Ba/F3 cells (IC(50) = 14 nM; imatinib mesylate IC(50) = 350 nM). AP23464 ablates Bcr-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation, blocks cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis of Bcr-Abl-expressing cells. Biochemical assays with purified glutathione S transferase (GST)-Abl kinase domain confirmed that AP23464 directly inhibits Abl activity. Importantly, the low nanomolar cellular and biochemical inhibitory properties of AP23464 extend to frequently observed imatinib mesylate-resistant Bcr-Abl mutants, including nucleotide binding P-loop mutants Q252H, Y253F, E255K, C-terminal loop mutant M351T, and activation loop mutant H396P. AP23464 was ineffective against mutant T315I, an imatinib mesylate contact residue. The potency of AP23464 against imatinib mesylate-refractory Bcr-Abl and its distinct binding mode relative to imatinib mesylate warrant further investigation of AP23464 for the treatment of CML.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Metalloporphyrin Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Arrays for Volatile Organic Compounds (2015)

National Science Foundation (U.S.) (DMR-1410718)
Genetic evidence for the involvement of τ in progressive supranuclear palsy (1997)

A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in a tau intron was identified and used in a case-control study to analyze the genetic association of tau with several neurodegenerative diseases with tau pathology. Subjects with the homozygous tau AO alleles were excessively represented in the progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) group, compared with the age-matched healthy control group. Consequently, this allele is more frequently found in PSP than in a group of healthy subjects. This trend was not found in Alzheimer's disease or parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam, both of which are accompanied by major tau pathology. The result suggests a possible involvement of tau in the pathogenesis of PSP.
Deletion of the GRE3 Aldose Reductase Gene and Its Influence on Xylose Metabolism in Recombinant Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing the xylA and XKS1 Genes (2001)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments hexoses efficiently but is unable to ferment xylose. When the bacterial enzyme xylose isomerase (XI) from Thermus thermophilus was produced in S. cerevisiae, xylose utilization and ethanol formation were demonstrated. In addition, xylitol and acetate were formed. An unspecific aldose reductase (AR) capable of reducing xylose to xylitol has been identified in S. cerevisiae. The GRE3 gene, encoding the AR enzyme, was deleted in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C, yielding YUSM1009a. XI from T. thermophilus was produced, and endogenous xylulokinase from S. cerevisiae was overproduced in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C and YUSM1009a. In recombinant strains from which the GRE3 gene was deleted, xylitol formation decreased twofold. Deletion of the GRE3 gene combined with expression of the xylA gene from T. thermophilus on a replicative plasmid generated recombinant xylose utilizing S. cerevisiae strain TMB3102, which produced ethanol from xylose with a yield of 0.28 mmol of C from ethanol/mmol of C from xylose. None of the recombinant strains grew on xylose.
Electrochemical Properties of Mixed Conducting Perovskites La1 − x  M  x Co1 − y Fe y  O 3 − δ (M = Sr, Ba, Ca) (1996)

Perovskite compositions in the system La{sub 1{minus}x}M{sub x}Co{sub 1{minus}y}Fe{sub y}O{sub 3{minus}{delta}} (M = Sr, Ba, Ca) exhibited high electronic and ionic conductivity. Substantial reversible weight loss was observed at elevated temperatures as the materials became increasingly oxygen deficient. This loss of lattice oxygen at high temperatures, which tended to increase with increasing acceptor content, resulted in a decrease in the electronic conductivity. In an oxygen partial pressure gradient, oxygen flux through dense sintered membranes of these materials was highly dependent on composition and increased with increasing temperature. The increase in oxygen flux with increasing temperature was attributed to increases in the mobility and concentration of lattice oxygen vacancies. The calculated ionic conductivities of some compositions exceeded that of yttria-stabilized zirconia. This material is an attractive candidate for several important applications, including solid oxide fuel cell cathodes.
Complement Components, Complement Activation, and Acute Phase Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1984)

The investigation concerned 33 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients assigned to three groups representing mild SLE, more severe extra renal SLE, and SLE with significant renal involvement. In patients with extrarenal disease, the inflammatory plasma protein response was often pronounced during exacerbation, as evidenced by markedly increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), α&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-antichymotrypsin, αpantitrypsin, and orosomucoid. CRP responses were rare in patients with renal involvement, despite the increased concentrations of other acute-phase reactants in some of these patients. Superimposed bacterial infections were not clearly distinguished by raised CRP concentrations. The classical pathway of complement was activated in all patients during exacerbation, as indicated by increased concentrations of CIr-CIs-CI inactivator complexes and C2a fragments. C1, C2, and probably also C3 activation varied according to the amounts of circulating C1q-binding immune complexes, as measured by solid-phase assay. Manifest hypocomplementemia was usually associated with glomerulonephritis. Participation of complement components in the inflammatory plasma protein response apparently counteracted the development of hypocomplementemia in many patients with extrarenal SLE. Circulating C3d was detected in all patients during exacerbation of renal disease and in most patients with severe extrarenal manifestations. Inverse relationships were found between immunochemical C2 concentrations and the percentage of cleaved C2 and between C3 and C3d. There was no appreciable consumption of factors B and D and properdin of the alternative pathway in the patients. High concentrations of factor D, a low molecular weight protein, were exclusively found in patients with renal involvement and could be ascribed to retention due to reduced glomerular filtration.
Determination of food portion size by image processing (2008)

Overweight and obesity have become an epidemic in many parts of the world threatening the health of over one billion people. In order to combat this epidemic effectively, it is desirable to develop new methods to monitor individual's food intake and provide quantitative information about the nutrients and calories consumed in people's daily life. We present an electronic photographic approach and associated image processing algorithms to estimate food portion size, which is then utilized to obtain the required information. Our experiments show that our approach is accurate, providing an effective tool for people to track their nutritional and energy intake.
Modeling and rendering architecture from photographs (1996)

We present a new approach for modeling and rendering existing architectural scenes from a sparse set of still photographs. Our modeling approach, which combines both geometry-based and imagebased techniques, has two components. The first component is a photogrammetric modeling method which facilitates the recovery of the basic geometry of the photographed scene. Our photogrammetric modeling approach is effective, convenient, and robust because it exploits the constraints that are characteristic of architectural scenes. The second component is a model-based stereo algorithm, which recovers how the real scene deviates from the basic model. By making use of the model, our stereo technique robustly recovers accurate depth from widely-spaced image pairs. Consequently, our approach can model large architectural environments with far fewer photographs than current image-based modeling approaches. For producing renderings, we present view-dependent texture mapping, a method of compositing multiple views of a scene that better simulates geometric detail on basic models. Our approach can be used to recover models for use in either geometry-based or image-based rendering systems. We present results that demonstrate our approach's ability to create realistic renderings of architectural scenes from viewpoints far from the original photographs.
Characterization of T Cell Receptor Gamma Chain Expression in a Subset of Murine Thymocytes (1986)

While much information exists about the structure and function of the clonally distributed T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta heterodimer, little is known about the gamma protein, the product of a third rearranging TCR gene. An antiserum to a carboxyl-terminal peptide common to several of the murine gamma chain constant regions and a monoclonal antibody to the murine T3 complex were used to identify products of this TCR gene family in a subpopulation of Lyt2-, L3T4- thymocytes. This subpopulation does not express TCR alpha or full-length TCR beta messenger RNA. The gamma chain is a 35-kilodalton (kD) protein that is disulfide-bonded to a 45-kD partner and is associated with the T3 complex. Analysis of the glycosylation pattern of this thymic gamma chain revealed that the major variable region gamma (V gamma) gene transcribed in activated peripheral T cells is absent from this subpopulation. The cells that bear this second T cell receptor may therefore represent a distinct lineage differentiating within the thymus.
Use of Unique RNA Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for RT-PCR to Detect and Differentiate Soybean Mosaic Virus Strains (1996)

A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect and discriminate between RNAs of individual soybean mosaic virus strains G2 and G7. This assay utilized oligonucleotides complementary to unique regions in the cylindrical inclusion protein cistron. When G2- and G7-specific primers were used, amplification from total RNAs from trifoliolate soybean leaves infected with either strain or a mixture of strains yielded specific fragments. The specificity of primers was validated further by amplification of only the expected 277-bp fragment characteristic of the G7 strain from infected soybean differential cultivars used to discriminate the strains. Thus, this specifically designed assay allowed discrimination of strains in a mixed infection of a single soybean host plant. This represents a method capable of discriminating between two very closely related pathogens that were previously distinguishable by laborious bioassays.
Probiotics in Food Safety and Human Health (2005)

The discovery of new and previously unknown organisms that cause foodborne illness makes it essential for scientists, regulators, and those in the food industry to reconsider their traditional approaches to food preservation. A single source reference that can provide the latest practical information on how to deal with the range of probiotic healt
Small-Molecule Modulation of Protein Homeostasis (2017)

Control of protein levels by nucleic-acid-based technologies has proven to be a useful research tool but lacks the advantages of small molecules with respect to cell permeability, temporal control, and the potential generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the technologies available for the control of intracellular protein levels with small molecules and compare the various systems available.
Pyrimidine dimer removal enhanced by DNA repair liposomes reduces the incidence of UV skin cancer in mice. (1992)

UV exposure has been linked to skin cancer in humans by epidemiology and the rare genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum. However, UV produces multiple photoproducts in DNA, and their relative contribution is uncertain. An enzyme which specifically repairs cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA, T4 endonuclease V, was encapsulated in liposomes for topical delivery into mouse and human skin. In both species, liposomes applied after UV exposure localized in the epidermis and stimulated the removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. UV-irradiated mice treated with these liposomes had a dose-dependent decrease in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma compared to controls. The results demonstrate that unrepaired cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA are a direct cause of cancer in mammalian skin.
Strategies for whole microbial genome sequencing and analysis (1997)

The introduction of methods for automated DNA sequence analysis nearly a decade ago, together with more recent advances in the field of bioinformatics, have revolutionized biology and medicine and have ushered in a new era of genomic science, the study of genes and genomes. These new technologies have had an impact on many areas of research, including the association between genes and disease, in DNA-based diagnostics, and in the sequencing of genomes from human and other model organisms. The demonstration in 1995, that automated DNA sequencing methods could be used to decipher the entire genome sequence of a free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae, was a milestone in both the genomics and microbial fields [1]. Since the first report of the complete sequence of H. influenzae, these methodologies have been adopted by laboratories around the world. The complete genomic sequence of five eubacterial species [1-5], one archaea [6], and the eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [7], have been reported in the last 18 months. At the beginning of 1997 more than a dozen microbial genome projects are at or near completion, with many others in progress. It is likely that in the next few years we will see the complete sequence of perhaps as many as 30-40 microbial genomes. In this article, we will review methods for whole genome sequencing and analysis and examine how this information can be exploited to better understand microbial physiology and evolution.
ω-3 Fatty acids suppress monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells: role of endothelial PAF generation (2002)

Monocyte-endothelium interaction is a fundamental process in many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are fish oil-derived alternative (omega-3) precursor fatty acids implicated in the suppression of inflammatory events. We investigated their influence on rolling and adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under laminar flow conditions in vitro. Exposure of HUVEC to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) strongly increased 1) surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and E-selectin, 2) platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis as assessed by thrombin challenge, and 3) rate of rolling and adhesion of monocytes. Preincubation of HUVEC with EPA or DHA markedly suppressed PAF synthesis, monocyte rolling, and adherence, whereas expression of endothelial adhesion molecules was unchanged. Also, PAF receptor antagonists markedly suppressed the adhesion rate of monocytes, and EPA or DHA revealed no additional inhibitory capacity. In contrast, arachidonic acid partially reversed the effect of the antagonist. We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids suppress rolling and adherence of monocytes on activated endothelial cells in vitro by affecting endothelial PAF generation.
Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix. (1986)

We have examined whether the extracellular matrix is a biochemical target for transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta). We find that TGFbeta increases the expression of the major extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin and collagen. This effect is a general response to TGFbeta seen in primary cultures and established lines of cells from various types, normal and transformed. The relative incorporation of fibronectin and collagen into the matrix also increases in response to TGFbeta. The effect of TGFbeta on fibronectin levels as characterized in chick embryo fibroblasts is rapid, selective, persistent, and specific, and involves transcriptional events; it is not mimicked by other growth factors tested. The induction of anchorage-independent growth of normal fibroblasts by TGFbeta is mimicked by fibronectin and is specifically blocked by inhibitors of fibronectin binding to its cell surface receptor. The results demonstrate a functional involvement of fibronectin in mediating cellular responses to TGFbeta, and suggest a model for TGFbeta action based on the control of the extracellular matrix in target cells.
ApbA, the Ketopantoate Reductase Enzyme of Salmonella typhimurium Is Required for the Synthesis of Thiamine via the Alternative Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Pathway (1998)

The apbA gene of Salmonella typhimurium was shown to encode ketopantoic acid reductase. ApbA was purified from crude cell-free extracts to greater than 95% homogeneity after two chromatographic steps. N-terminal amino acid sequencing (first 15 amino acids) and Western blot analysis confirmed the isolated protein was ApbA. The functional protein was a monomer with a molecular mass of 31.1 kDa. Optimal reaction conditions for the reduction of ketopantoic acid were established at a pH of 6.25, and a temperature of 42 degreesC. The preferred electron source was NADPH, and the apparent Km constants of the enzyme for NADPH and ketopantoic acid were determined to be 0.776 +/- 0.09 mM and 0.742 +/- 0.01 mM, respectively. The homogeneous enzyme had a specific activity of 64.3.
First-in-Human Trial of a Novel Anti-Trop-2 Antibody-SN-38 Conjugate, Sacituzumab Govitecan, for the Treatment of Diverse Metastatic Solid Tumors (2015)

Sacituzumab govitecan had acceptable toxicity and encouraging therapeutic activity in patients with difficult-to-treat cancers. The 8 and 10 mg/kg doses were selected for phase II studies.
Intensive Sensorimotor Arm Training Mediated by Therapist or Robot Improves Hemiparesis in Patients With Chronic Stroke (2008)

Investigators have demonstrated that a variety of intensive movement training protocols for persistent upper limb paralysis in patients with chronic stroke (6 months or more after stroke) improve motor outcome. This randomized controlled study determined in patients with upper limb motor impairment after chronic stroke whether movement therapy delivered by a robot or by a therapist using an intensive training protocol was superior. Robotic training (n = 11) and an intensive movement protocol (n = 10) improved the impairment measures of motor outcome significantly and comparably; there were no significant changes in disability measures. Motor gains were maintained at the 3-month evaluation after training. These data contribute to the growing awareness that persistent impairments in those with chronic stroke may not reflect exhausted capacity for improvement. These new protocols, rendered by either therapist or robot, can be standardized, tested, and replicated, and potentially will contribute to rational activity-based programs.
Acute Phase Haemolysis in Chronic Cold Agglutinin Disease (2001)

We previously described a paradoxical form of chronic cold agglutinin disease (CAD) in which haemolysis occurred during episodes of fever but only marginally during exposure to colds. In order to investigate the molecular basis for this response we performed a 12-month prospective study of a patient with CAD and paradoxical haemolysis. Blood samples were collected monthly during health, and daily following hospitalization owing to hip fracture. During health we observed decreased levels of C3, undetectable C4, a non-functional classical pathway and a normal alternative pathway. Increased concentrations of C1-INH/C1rs complexes indicated continuous formation of C1-antibody-antigen complexes. There was a low-grade temperature-dependent fluctuating haemolysis as evidenced from measurements of lactate dehydrogenase. Following the hip fracture, the haemolysis increased. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha increased as did C1-INH, C3, C4, CRP, and lactate dehydrogenase. The results support our hypothesis stating that paradoxical haemolysis in CAD is controlled by the availability of early classical pathway complement molecules and that haemolysis following acute phase responses occurs as a consequence of increased complement synthesis.
Phase shifts in transmission line models of thin periodic metal grids (1989)

This paper describes simple formulas for the phase shifts associated with reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a thin periodic metal grid on a plane boundary between two lossless dielectrics, for the case where the wavelengths on both sides of the boundary are greater than the grid period. The phase shifts are expressed in terms of the zero-order intensity reflectance and transmittance of the grid and are correct even when the grid has loss. They correspond exactly to the phase shifts that can be calculated using the well-known equivalent-circuit models for thin metallic grids but are applicable for any thin nondiffracting layer on a dielectric boundary, for normal incidence.
The effect on diurnal intraocular pressure of the fixed combination of latanoprost 0.005% and timolol 0.5% in patients with ocular hypertension (2001)

The fixed combination of latanoprost+timolol statistically significantly reduced IOP after single-dose administration. The maximal effect was noted after about 6 hours, and the IOP reduction was still pronounced after 48 hours.