gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secretion of Particles of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen from Insect Cells Using a Baculovirus Vector (1987)

The coding sequences of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen were inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector produced from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) so that the foreign gene was under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter. Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the derived recombinant baculovirus produced and secreted 22 nm particles containing the hepatitis B surface antigen. The particles had morphological and antigenic properties identical to those of 22 nm particles isolated from the plasma of chronic active hepatitis patients.
Twiddlenet: Metadata Tagging and Data Dissemination in Mobile Device Networks (2007)

Current mobile devices are much more than the limited modality communication tools or digital assistants they were only a few years ago; instead they offer a range of content capture capabilities, including high resolution photos, videos and sound recordings. Their communication modalities and processing power have also evolved significantly. Modern mobile devices are very capable platforms, many surpassing their desktop cousins only a few years removed. TwiddleNet is a distributed architecture of personal servers that harnesses the power of these mobile devices, enabling real time information dissemination and file sharing of multiple data types from commercial-off-the-shelf platforms. This thesis focuses on two specific issues of the TwiddleNet design; metadata tagging and data dissemination. Through a combination of automatically generated and user input metadata tag values, TwiddleNet users can locate files across participating devices. Metaphor appropriate custom tags can be added as needed to insure efficient, rich and successful file searches. Intelligent data dissemination algorithms provide context sensitive governance to the file transfer scheme. Smart dissemination reconciles device and operational states with the amount of requested data and content to send, enabling providers to meet their most pressing needs, whether that is continuing to generate content or servicing requests.
A survey on the heavy metal contents in Chinese traditional egg products and their potential health risk assessment (2013)

Pb, Zn and Cu were determined in 35 Preserved Egg (PE) samples, 25 Salted Egg (SE) samples and 40 Egg Preserved in Rice Wine (EPRW) samples collected from Jiangxi province by ICP-MS. The corresponding health risk for consumers was assessed by the target hazard quotients (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Average Pb, Zn and Cu content in all samples was 0.125 mg/kg, 10.939 mg/kg and 2.094 mg/kg, respectively. Average Pb content in PE was significantly higher than in SE and EPRW. THQ and HI values were less than 1, indicating that intake of heavy metals from PE, SE and EPRW will not pose a significant hazard risk to humans. However, more attention should be paid to control the ingestion by PE, which is the main source of Pb, Zn and Cu for consumers among these three egg products.
Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation after use of moisturizers with a combination of topical niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (2009)

A formulation containing the combination of niacinamide + NAG reduced the appearance of irregular pigmentation including hypermelaninization, providing an effect beyond that achieved with SPF 15 sunscreen.
Coexpression of Notch3 and Rgs5 in the pericyte-vascular smooth muscle cell axis in response to pulp injury (2007)

Recent studies have shown that the pulp of human teeth contains a population of cells with stem cell properties and it has been suggested that these cells originate from pericytes. Molecules of the Notch signaling pathway regulate stem cell fate specification, while Rgs5 represents an excellent marker for pericytes. Pathological conditions such as dental trauma and carious lesion stimulate pulp stem cells to elaborate reparative dentin. Previous studies have shown that genes involved in the Notch pathway are activated in response to pulp injury in rodent and humans. To demonstrate the importance of pericytes as a source of stem cells during dental repair, we have studied Rgs5 and Notch3 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in developing, adult intact and injured rodent teeth. Furthermore, we have examined the distribution of Notch3 protein in carious and injured human teeth using immunohistochemistry. Overlapping expression patterns of Rgs5 and Notch3 were observed during rodent tooth development as well as immediately after injury. Both genes were expressed in vascular structures during development and in perivascular and single capillary cells of injured teeth. However, the expression patterns of Rgs5 and Notch3 were different during tooth repair, with relatively extensive Rgs5 expression along the pericyte-vascular smooth muscle cell axis in central pulp arterioles. These results show co-expression of Rgs5 and Notch3 in pericytes of developing and injured teeth and furthermore indicate the importance of vascular-derived stem cells during pulp healing.
The promoter of a H2O2‐inducible, Arabidopsis glutathione S‐transferase gene contains closely linked OBF‐ and OBP1‐binding sites (1996)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes that play critical roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the protection of tissues against oxidative damage. GSTs are important enzymes in plant responses to a number of environmental stresses including herbicides and pathogen attack. Ocs elements are a group of related, 20 bp promoter elements which have been exploited by some plant pathogens to express genes in plants. Ocs elements have also been found to regulate the expression of a plant GST promoter. An Arabidopsis GST gene, called GST6 has been isolated. GST6 expression is under tissue-specific control and is induced following treatment with auxin, salicylic acid and H2O2. The GST6 promoter contains a binding site for two Arabidopsis ocs element binding factors (OBF), that has some sequence homology to ocs element sequences. Interestingly, OBP1 (OBF binding protein), a DNA-binding protein that was isolated by screening an Arabidopsis cDNA library with a labeled OBF protein as a probe, binds next to the OBF-binding site on the GST6 promoter. OBP1 was able to significantly stimulate the binding of OBF proteins to the GST6 promoter, raising the possibility that interactions between the OBP1 and OBF proteins may be important for GST6 expression.
Molecular cloning of the alpha subunit of human and guinea pig leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein Mo1: chromosomal localization and homology to the alpha subunits of integrins. (1988)

The cell-surface glycoprotein Mo1 is a member of the family of leukocyte cell adhesion molecules (Leu-CAMs) that includes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and p150,95. Each Leu-CAM is a heterodimer with a distinct alpha subunit noncovalently associated with a common beta subunit. Leu-CAMs play crucial roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We describe the isolation and analysis of two partial cDNA clones encoding the alpha subunit of the Leu-CAM Mo1 in humans and guinea pigs. A monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in the carboxyl-terminal portion of the guinea pig alpha chain was used for immunoscreening a lambda gt11 expression library. The sequence of a 378-base-pair insert from one immunoreactive clone revealed a single continuous open reading frame encoding 126 amino acids including a 26-amino acid tryptic peptide isolated from the purified guinea pig alpha subunit. A cDNA clone of identical size was isolated from a human monocyte/lymphocyte cDNA library by using the guinea pig clone as a probe. The human clone also encoded a 126-amino acid peptide including the sequence of an additional tryptic peptide present in purified human Mo1 alpha chain. RNA gel blots revealed that mature Mo1 alpha chain mRNA is approximately 5 kilobases in guinea pigs and humans. Southern analysis of DNA from hamster-human hybrids localized the human Mo1 alpha chain to chromosome 16, which has been shown to contain the gene for the alpha chain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1. A comparison of the Mo1 alpha chain coding region revealed significant homologies with carboxyl-terminal portions of the alpha subunits of fibronectin, vitronectin, and platelet IIb/IIIa receptors. These data suggest that the alpha subunits of Leu-CAMs evolved by gene duplication from a common ancestral gene and strengthen the hypothesis that the alpha subunits of these heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules on myeloid and lymphoid cells, platelets, and fibroblasts are evolutionary related.
Protein Phosphorylation Controls Translation Rates (1989)

Protein synthesis consumes a significant proportion of the available energy of eucaryotic cells. Rates of protein synthesis are regulated, thereby integrating the translation process with other metabolic pathways of the cell. For example, altered translation rates occur at fertilization, during mitosis, upon nutrient starvation or stress, and following treatment with hormones or growth factors. In many of these cases, transla- tion rates change within minutes of the inductive events and are readily reversed, suggesting that the regulatory mecha- nisms involve rapid changes in the specific activities
The optimal RLS parameter tracking algorithm for a power amplifier feedforward linearizer (1999)

Digital signal processing (DSP) techniques have been proposed in recent years to adaptively track the control parameters of a power amplifier (PA) feedforward linearizer. In most of the propositions, gradient-based searching algorithms are applied to the parameter tracking. In this paper, we propose an optimal recursive least square (RLS) parameter tracking algorithm, which significantly accelerates the convergence speed and eliminates the gradient noise. There exist two problems for the RLS algorithm. First, the least square solution is not the optimal solution because of the nonlinearity of the PA. Second, the vector modulator (VM) which introduces the control parameters into the linearizer circuit may not be accurate enough to provide a precise power gain and phase shift calculated by the DSP. We solve both problems, respectively; by rearranging the circuit components and by constraining the VM characteristics. We also present simulation results to verify the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm.
Spherical hexagonal tellurium nanocrystals: fabrication and size-dependent structural phase transition at high pressure (2008)

Single-crystalline spherical nearly monodisperse tellurium (Te) nanocrystals (NCs) with average diameters of 20 and 90 nm, respectively, have been fabricated for the first time by a facile solution sonochemistry process. The structural characterizations show that the as-synthesized Te NCs have pure hexagonal structure, as revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) methods. The size-dependent structural phase transition of Te NCs up to the high pressure of 20 GPa has been investigated in a diamond anvil cell using resistance measurement at room temperature, and compared with the behavior of bulk Te under identical conditions. The experimental results indicate that 20 nm Te NCs, 90 nm NCs, and bulk Te all undergo two phase transitions up to 20 GPa, their respective transition pressures being about 7.2 and 10.3 GPa, 5.9 and 8.8 GPa, and 4.0 and 6.8 GPa. This indicates that the phase transition pressures are higher for the smaller NCs. In this paper we discuss the size-dependent structural phase transitions, the sluggishness of the phase transition process, and the fluctuating properties of the phase transition products at high pressure. The present work might open an avenue to real-time detection of the dynamics of the phase transition in bulk and nanoscale materials at high pressure, and also could serve as a guide to tailoring the microscopic properties of materials.
Triazaphenanthrenes. Part VI. Further observations on the Widman–Stoermer and Borsche reactions (1966)

The named reactions have been applied to the synthesis of new 1,2,9-triazaphenanthrenes and 1,2,7- and 1,2,5-triazanaphthalenes. A modified Borsche cyclisation appears to be generally applicable to aminoquinolines but attempts to extend this to simpler aromatic systems have failed.
BAFF enhances chemotaxis of primary human B cells: a particular synergy between BAFF and CXCL13 on memory B cells (2008)

B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family, (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) regulate B-lymphocyte survival and activation. We report that BAFF, but not APRIL, increased the chemotactic response of primary human B cells to CCL21, CXCL12, and CXCL13. The BAFF-induced increase in B-cell chemotaxis was totally abolished by blockade of BAFF-R and was strongly dependent on the activation of PI3K/AKT, NF-kappaB, and p38MAPK pathways. BAFF had similar effects on the chemotaxis of naive and memory B cells in response to CCL21 but increased more strongly that of memory B cells to CXCL13 than that of naive B cells. Our findings indicate a previously unreported role for the BAFF/BAFF-R pair in mature B-cell chemotaxis. The synergy between CXCL13 and BAFF produced by stromal cells and follicular dendritic cells may have important implications for B-cell homeostasis, the development of normal B-cell areas, and for the formation of germinal center-like follicles that may be observed in various autoimmune diseases.
Poly(ethylene oxide)-sodium dodecyl sulfate interactions studied using static and dynamic light scattering (1992)

Static and dynamic light scattering measurements have been made on poly(ethy1ene oxide)&#13;\n(PEO) in the presence of the ionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution over a range&#13;\nof relative concentrations. The purpose was, in part, to demonstrate the polyelectrolyte effecte which arise&#13;\nin PEO on formation of the charged complex between the components in solution in which small SDS micelles&#13;\nare incorporated into the flexible PEO coil. The influence of the ionic strength of the medium was studied.&#13;\nStatic light scattering measurements show that the radius of gyration changes as a function of SDS concentration&#13;\nand the ionic strength of the medium. Diffusion coefficients from dynamic light scattering (DLS) reflect&#13;\nchanges in the pair interaction potential as the SDS and ionic strength are altered. Laplace inversion of the&#13;\nDLS time correlation function gives relaxation time distributions consisting of the PEO/SDS complex as the&#13;\nmain component and free SDS micelles as the minor component. Changes in peak areas are related to the&#13;\nincrease in the degree of binding between SDS and PEO as the relative concentrations change and also the&#13;\nincrease in SDS micellar size with increase in the ionic strength of the medium.
ARE ANANDAMIDE AND CANNABINOID RECEPTORS INVOLVED IN ETHANOL TOLERANCE? A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE (2000)

There have been significant developments towards the elucidation of molecular and cellular changes in neuronal second messenger pathways involved in the development of tolerance to and dependence on ethanol (EtOH). The long-term exposure to EtOH has been shown to affect several aspects of neuronal signal transduction as well as ligand-gated ion channels and receptor systems, including the receptors that are coupled to the superfamily of GTP binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins). The recent identification of a G-protein coupled receptor that was activated by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, led to the discovery of endogenous agonists. One such agonist found to exist in mammalian brain was characterized to be an arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite and was named anandamide (AnNH). AnNH has been shown to bind specifically to the cannabinoid receptor (CB(1)) and mimic many of the pharmacological and behavioural effects of THC including tolerance development. The role of endocannabinoids and the CB(1) receptor signal transduction system in tolerance development to drugs of abuse has not been explored until recently. The findings presented in this review provide evidence for the first time that some of the pharmacological actions of EtOH including tolerance development may be mediated through participation of the endocannabinoid-CB(1) receptor signal transduction system. Recent studies have shown that chronic EtOH exposure produces downregulation of CB(1) receptors and an inhibition of CB(1) receptor agonist-stimulated GTPgammaS binding in mouse brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). The observed receptor downregulation results from the persistent stimulation of the receptors by the endogenous CB(1) receptor agonist AnNH, the synthesis of which is increased by chronic EtOH exposure. Further, the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR-141716A has been shown to block voluntary EtOH intake in rats and mice. Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented to explain the possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pharmacological and behavioural effects of EtOH.
Development and application of GPS signal multipath simulator (2002)

A ray tracing GPS signal multipath simulator which takes into account the signal reflection and diffraction from surrounding objects has been developed. By properly modeling the environment around an antenna and the GPS receiver's tracking loop, this simulator can assess the GPS signal multipath error. Thus, it can be used in the early design phase of an experiment to foretell hazardous environmental configurations that can cause severe multipath. It can also aid in finding the best antenna type, location, and orientation within a given environment, and provides a quantitative estimate of multipath errors on GPS measurements. The capability of the simulator is demonstrated by using the International Space Station (ISS) environment.
The X window system (1986)

An overview of the X Window System is presented, focusing on the system substrate and the low-level facilities provided to build applications and to manage the desktop. The system provides high-performance, high-level, device-independent graphics. A hierarchy of resizable, overlapping windows allows a wide variety of application and user interfaces to be built easily. Network-transparent access to the display provides an important degree of functional separation, without significantly affecting performance, which is crucial to building applications for a distributed environment. To a reasonable extent, desktop management can be custom-tailored to individual environments, without modifying the base system and typically without affecting applications.
Agnathan VIP, PACAP and Their Receptors: Ancestral Origins of Today's Highly Diversified Forms (2012)

VIP and PACAP are pleiotropic peptides belonging to the secretin superfamily of brain-gut peptides and interact specifically with three receptors (VPAC(1), PAC(1) and VPAC(2)) from the class II B G protein-coupled receptor family. There is immense interest regarding their molecular evolution which is often described closely alongside gene and/or genome duplications. Despite the wide array of information available in various vertebrates and one invertebrate the tunicate, their evolutionary origins remain unresolved. Through searches of genome databases and molecular cloning techniques, the first lamprey VIP/PACAP ligands and VPAC receptors are identified from the Japanese lamprey. In addition, two VPAC receptors (VPACa/b) are identified from inshore hagfish and ligands predicted for sea lamprey. Phylogenetic analyses group these molecules into their respective PHI/VIP, PRP/PACAP and VPAC receptor families and show they resemble ancestral forms. Japanese lamprey VIP/PACAP peptides synthesized were tested with the hagfish VPAC receptors. hfVPACa transduces signal via both adenylyl cylase and phospholipase C pathways, whilst hfVPACb was only able to transduce through the calcium pathway. In contrast to the widespread distribution of VIP/PACAP ligands and receptors in many species, the agnathan PACAP and VPAC receptors were found almost exclusively in the brain. In situ hybridisation further showed their abundance throughout the brain. The range of VIP/PACAP ligands and receptors found are highly useful, providing a glimpse into the evolutionary events both at the structural and functional levels. Though representative of ancestral forms, the VIP/PACAP ligands in particular have retained high sequence conservation indicating the importance of their functions even early in vertebrate evolution. During these nascent stages, only two VPAC receptors are likely responsible for eliciting functions before evolving later into specific subtypes post-Agnatha. We also propose VIP and PACAP's first functions to predominate in the brain, evolving alongside the central nervous system, subsequently establishing peripheral functions.
CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma: current status (2020)

Summary Starting with the approval of bortezomib, a proteasome-inhibiting drug, tremendous progress has been achieved in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients during the last 15 years. Due to a plethora of novel drugs such as second generation proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating agents and monoclonal antibodies the 5‑year survival of MM patients has been extended from 33% at the turn of the millennium to approximately 60% in younger patients (&lt;65–70 years) who were eligible for consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Unfortunately, virtually all patients suffer from relapse and ultimately succumb to the disease, indicating the need for additional treatment strategies. Currently there are two promising immunologic approaches. First, bispecific antibodies called BITE ( bi specific T -cell e nhancer), which act as fusion proteins with two single-chain variable fragments, target antigens on malignant cells and bind the CD3 receptor and thereby recruit T‑cells to the target cells. The second strategy is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T‑cell therapy that attacks myeloma cells by recognizing specific targets such as CD138, BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), light-chains, SLAM-F7 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7) or the pan B‑cell antigen CD19. Several early phase clinical trials show encouraging results in patients who have relapsed after modern treatment including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Here, we briefly summarize current clinical knowledge about CAR‑T cell treatment in multiple myeloma, including clinical data presented at the 61st American Society of Hematology annual meeting held in December 2019 in Orlando.
Structures of the Sugar Chains of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor Produced by Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1988)

Recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was purified from Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human G-CSF cDNA. The recombinant human G-CSF was treated with alkaline borohydride and the oligosaccharide-alditols liberated were fractioned by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-4 column, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography by use of a strong anion exchanger. Two oligosaccharide-alditols were obtained and their structures were identified by component analysis and 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the sugar chains were NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAcol and NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3(NeuAc alpha 2-6)GalNAcol.