gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Primary Binding Subunit of the Human Interleukin-4 Receptor Is Also a Component of the Interleukin-13 Receptor (1995)

Interleukin (IL)-13 elicits a subset of the biological activities of the related IL-4. The basis of this functional similarity is that their specific cell-surface receptors (called IL-13R and IL-4R) are distinct, yet are complex and share a common subunit(s). The IL-4R primary binding subunit (called IL-4R alpha) does not by itself bind IL-13. We show that the ability of IL-13 to partially compete for IL-4 binding to some human cell types depended on co-expression of IL-4R and IL-13R. However, IL-13 binding was always associated with IL-4 binding. Hyper-expression of IL-4R alpha on cells expressing both IL-4R and IL-13R decreased their binding affinity for IL-4, abrogated the ability of IL-13 to compete for IL-4 binding, and yet had no effect on IL-13R properties. Anti-human IL-4R alpha monoclonal antibodies which blocked the biological function and binding of IL-4 also blocked the function and binding of IL-13. These data show that IL-4R alpha is a secondary component of IL-13R.
Ranging With Ultrawide Bandwidth Signals in Multipath Environments (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Over the coming decades, high-definition situationally-aware networks have the potential to create revolutionary applications in the social, scientific, commercial, and military sectors. Ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) technology is a viable candidate for enabling accurate localization capabilities through time-of-arrival (TOA)-based ranging techniques. These techniques exploit the fine delay resolution property of UWB signals by estimating the TOA of the first signal path. Exploiting the full capabilities of UWB TOA estimation can be challenging, especially when operating in harsh propagation environments, since the direct path may not exist or it may not be the strongest. In this paper, we first give an overview of ranging techniques together with the primary sources of TOA error (including propagation effects, clock drift, and interference). We then describe fundamental TOA bounds (such as the CramÉr–Rao bound and the tighter Ziv–Zakai bound) in both ideal and multipath environments. These bounds serve as useful benchmarks in assessing the performance of TOA estimation techniques. We also explore practical low-complexity TOA estimation techniques and analyze their performance in the presence of multipath and interference using IEEE 802.15.4a channel models as well as experimental data measured in indoor residential environments. </para>
Chemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XXVI. Preparation and synthetic applications of (dimethylamino)phenyloxosulfonium methylide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XXVI. Preparation and synthetic applications of (dimethylamino)phenyloxosulfonium methylideCarl Randolph Johnson, Manfred Haake, and Calvin W. SchroeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 22, 6594–6598Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00725a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00725a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1931Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computers that talk and listen: Man-machine communication by voice (1976)

Computer techniques now emerging in the laboratory promise new capabilities for voice communication between man and machine. Three modes of interaction are of special interest: computer voice readout of stored information, automatic verification of a caller's identity by means of his voice signal, and automatic recognition of spoken commands. Applications extend to: voice-directed installation of telephone equipment, authentication by voice of a credit customer or of an individual requesting readout of privileged information, and voice-controlled services such as repertory dialing or automatic booking of travel reservations.
Symmetric bimanual interaction (2000)

We present experimental work that explores the factors governing symmetric bimanual interaction in a two-handed task that requires the user to track a pair of targets, one target with each hand. A symmetric bimanual task is a two-handed task in which each hand is assigned an identical role. In this context, we explore three main experimental factors. We vary the distance between the pair of targets to track: as the targets become further apart, visual diversion increases, forcing the user to divide attention between the two targets. We also vary the demands of the task by using both a slow and a fast tracking speed. Finally, we explore visual integration of sub-tasks: in one condition, the two targets to track are connected by a line segment which visually links the targets, while in the other condition there is no connecting line. Our results indicate that all three experimental factors affect the degree of parallelism, which we quantify using a new metric of bimanual parallelism. However, differences in tracking error between the two hands are affected only by the visual integration factor.
Static micromixer built up in silicon (1995)

The mixing of chemical components becomes more and more important. Especially in the field of micro analysis systems a mixing procedure of different solutions is often required. We have developed a static micromixer built up in silicon. The design and fabrication procedures of the micromixer allow the integration of other microcomponents like pumps, valves or sensors. The static micromixer consists of two structured silicon wafers. The structured surfaces are bonded together by using a low temperature silicon direct bonding process. The structure of the mixer consists of several identical mixing elements. The size of one element is about 500 micrometers <SUP>*</SUP>500 micrometers <SUP>*</SUP> 720 micrometers . The internal volume of one element is about 0.0001 ml. Each element consists of two or more microchannels for different liquids to be mixed. In a first step of the mixing procedure the liquid streams are arranged separately in one horizontal layer. This can be achieved by a connection of the microchannels. In a second step step the whole arate microchannels. These microchannels act as inlet for the next mixing element. We found a homogenous mixing after about 5 mixing elements for mixable liquids. Not mixable liquids will be dispensed after 16-20 mixing elements.
Increasing plant susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection by overexpression of the Arabidopsis nuclear protein VIP1 (2002)

Agrobacterium is a unique model system as well as a major biotechnological tool for genetic manipulation of plant cells. It is still unknown, however, whether host cellular factors exist that are limiting for infection, and whether their overexpression in plant cells can increase the efficiency of the infection. Here, we examined the effect of overexpression in tobacco plants of an Arabidopsis gene, VIP1, which encodes a recently discovered cellular protein required for Agrobacterium infection. Our results indicate that VIP1 is imported into the plant cell nucleus via the karyopherin alphadependent pathway and that elevated intracellular levels of VIP1 render the host plants significantly more susceptible to transient and stable genetic transformation by Agrobacterium, probably because of the increased nuclear import of the transferred-DNA.
Defining the Ability of Cyclophosphamide Preconditioning to Enhance the Antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell Response to Peptide Vaccination: Creation of a Beneficial Host Microenvironment Involving Type I IFNs and Myeloid Cells (2006)

Although cyclophosphamide (CTX) has been clearly shown to enhance active specific and adoptive immunotherapies, the mechanism(s) underlying these beneficial effects have not been clearly defined. To define the impact of CTX preconditioning on the antigen-specific CD8 T-cell response to peptide vaccination, we used an adoptive transfer model based on the OT-1 T-cell receptor transgenic mouse. CTX preconditioning dramatically enhanced the antigen-specific CD8 T-cell response to peptide vaccination. Specifically, CTX significantly enhanced the expansion and function of responding CD8 T cells as demonstrated by flow cytometry and cytokine production. In parallel experiments, we attempted to define the mechanism(s) underlying these beneficial effects of CTX therapy. CTX therapy increased the relative number and activation status of myeloid dendritic cells, and was associated with the induction of significant levels of the inflammatory cytokines interferon-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-6. Adoptive transfer experiments into type I IFNR-/- and CR3-/- mice confirmed that the beneficial effects of CTX were at least partially dependent on type I interferons and myeloid cells. Adoptive transfer of up to 150x10(6) naive spleen cells at the time of antigen-specific CD8 T-cell transfer did not abrogate the effects of CTX therapy, suggesting that the creation of a niche in the immune system may not be required. CTX decreased the absolute, but not relative number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, consistent with the possibility that regulatory T cells may be targeted by CTX therapy. Of note, combination therapy with CTX and a synthetic TLR3 agonist further enhanced the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response. Taken together, our data suggest that CTX modulates specific components of the innate immune system resulting in a beneficial host microenvironment. Specific targeting of these components may enhance the effectiveness of CTX preconditioning for adoptive immunotherapy.
Intensive Postremission Chemotherapy in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1994)

These data support the concept of a dose-response effect for cytarabine in patients with AML who are 60 years of age or younger. The results with the high-dose schedule in this age group are comparable to those reported in similar patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during a first remission.
逐“彩”狂澜 (2004)

如今，当时尚服饰的色彩愈发趋向于开放．多元化时．各国的珠宝设计师们也在彩色宝石丛中聆听着设计的灵感。其实，2004年度珠宝设计中色彩元素的多样性丝毫不亚于时装．从淡影柔彩．到深浓红棕，流行中的粉色、红色、橙色、棕色、蓝色和绿色都呈现在新颖的色彩组合之中。
Functional Capacity of Macrophages Determines the Induction of Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

Macrophages are potent immune regulators and are critical in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. They are said to be the first cell type to infiltrate the pancreatic islet, serve as antigen-presenting cells, and are important as effector cells during diabetogenesis. The article examines the role of macrophages in autoimmune diabetes with particular emphasis on the role of galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, and T1/ST2, an IL-1 receptor-like protein, both of which play significant roles in the immunomodulatory functions of macrophages. Multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induces infiltration of mononuclear cells in the islets of susceptible strains leading to insulitis. Deletion of the galectin-3 gene from C57BL/6 mice significantly attenuates this effect as evaluated by quantitative histology of mononuclear cells and loss of insulin-producing beta cells. In contrast, deletion of the ST2 gene enhanced insulitis after MLD-STZ treatment when compared with relatively resistant wild-type BALB/c mice. Thus, it appears that functional capacity of macrophages influences their participation in T helper (Th) 1-mediated autoimmunity and the development of autoimmune diabetogenesis.
Transcranial Low-Level Laser Therapy Improves Neurological Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice: Effect of Treatment Repetition Regimen (2013)

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been clinically applied around the world for a spectrum of disorders requiring healing, regeneration and prevention of tissue death. One area that is attracting growing interest in this scope is the use of transcranial LLLT to treat stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). We developed a mouse model of severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact and explored the effect of different treatment schedules. Adult male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 broad groups (a) sham-TBI sham-treatment, (b) real-TBI sham-treatment, and (c) real-TBI active-treatment. Mice received active-treatment (transcranial LLLT by continuous wave 810 nm laser, 25 mW/cm(2), 18 J/cm(2), spot diameter 1 cm) while sham-treatment was immobilization only, delivered either as a single treatment at 4 hours post TBI, as 3 daily treatments commencing at 4 hours post TBI or as 14 daily treatments. Mice were sacrificed at 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days post-TBI for histology or histomorphometry, and injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at days 21-27 to allow identification of proliferating cells. Mice with severe TBI treated with 1-laser Tx (and to a greater extent 3-laser Tx) had significant improvements in neurological severity score (NSS), and wire-grip and motion test (WGMT). However 14-laser Tx provided no benefit over TBI-sham control. Mice receiving 1- and 3-laser Tx had smaller lesion size at 28-days (although the size increased over 4 weeks in all TBI-groups) and less Fluoro-Jade staining for degenerating neurons (at 14 days) than in TBI control and 14-laser Tx groups. There were more BrdU-positive cells in the lesion in 1- and 3-laser groups suggesting LLLT may increase neurogenesis. Transcranial NIR laser may provide benefit in cases of acute TBI provided the optimum treatment regimen is employed.
Conformational searching in ISIS/3D databases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational searching in ISIS/3D databasesThomas E. Moock, Douglas R. Henry, Ali G. Ozkabak, and Mita AlamgirCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 1, 184–189Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00017a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00017a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Robust, finite-state parsing for spoken language understanding (1999)

Human understanding of spoken language appears to integrate the use of contextual expectations with acoustic level perception in a tightly-coupled, sequential fashion. Yet computer speech understanding systems typically pass the transcript produced by a speech recognizer into a natural language parser with no integration of acoustic and grammatical constraints. One reason for this is the complexity of implementing that integration. To address this issue we have created a robust, semantic parser as a single finite-state machine (FSM). As such, its run-time action is less complex than other robust parsers that are based on either chart or generalized left-right (GLR) architectures. Therefore, we believe it is ultimately more amenable to direct integration with a speech decoder.
Application of tree-based searches to matching pursuit (2002)

Matching pursuit (MP) uses a greedy search to construct a subset of vectors, from a larger set, which best represents a signal of interest. We extend this search for the best subset by keeping the K vectors which maximize the selection criterion at each iteration. This is termed the MP:K algorithm and represents a suboptimal search through the tree of all possible subsets where each node is limited to having K children. As a more suboptimal search, we can use the M-L search to select a subset of dictionary vectors, leading to the MP:M-L algorithm. We compare the computation and storage requirements for three variants of the MP algorithm using these searches. Through simulations, the significantly improved performance obtained using the MP:K and MP:M-L algorithms is demonstrated. We conclude that the modified matching pursuit (MMP) algorithm offers the best compromise between performance and complexity using these search techniques.
Primary Myelofibrosis: Update on Definition, Pathogenesis, and Treatment (2008)

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal stem cell disorder that manifests clinically as anemia, splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, leukoerythroblastosis, and constitutional symptoms, which are the clinical hallmarks of PMF. Within the past three years it has been determined that a single, recurrent, somatic mutation in the gene encoding the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) occurs in the majority of patients with PMF, and more recently, activating mutations in the gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor MPL have also been identified in a subset of PMF patients. These discoveries have yielded important insights into the pathogenesis of PMF and have brought about the first opportunity for rationally targeted therapy for this disorder. Here we present an updated review of the pathogenesis, definition, and treatment of PMF in light of the discovery of JAK2 and MPL mutations, as well as other recent work in the myeloproliferative neoplasm field.
Tunicamycin Enhances the Antiviral and Anticellular Activity of Interferon (1983)

The inhibitory effects of interferon on virus multiplication and cell growth are significantly enhanced by treatment with tunicamycin. Potentiation of antiviral activity was found only with enveloped viruses and not with nonbudding viruses. Changes in the plasma membrane of treated cells may account for this effect, since enveloped viruses bud from the cell surface as a terminal step.
Mutations affecting transport of the hexitols D-mannitol, D-glucitol, and galactitol in Escherichia coli K-12: isolation and mapping (1975)

Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 unable to grow on any of the three naturally occurring hexitols D-manitol, D-glucitol, and galactitol and, among these specifically, mutants with altered transport and phosphorylating activity have been isolated. Different isolation procedures have been utilized, including suicide by D-[3H]mannitol, chemotaxis, and resistance to the toxic hexitol analogue 2-deoxy-arabino-hexitol. Mutations thus obtained have been mapped in four distinct operons. (i) Mutations affecting an enzyme II-complexmt1 activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system all map in gene mtlA. This gene has previously been shown (Solomon and Lin, 1972) to be part of an operon, mtl, located at 71 min on the E. coli linkage map containing, in addition to mtlA, the cis-dominant regulatory gene mtlC and mtlD, the structural gene for the enzyme D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase. The gene order in this operon, induced by D-mannitol, is mtlC A D. (ii) Mutations in gene gutA affecting a second enzyme II-complexgut of the phosphotransferase system map at 51 min, clustered in operon gutC A D together with the cis-dominant regulatory gene gutC and the structural gene gutD for the enzyme D-glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The gut operon, previously called sbl or srl, is induced by D-glucitol. (iii) Mutations affecting the transport and catabolism of galactitol are clustered in a third operon, gatC A D, located at 40.5 min. This operon again contains a cis-dominant regulatory gene, gatC, the structural gene gatD for galactitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, and gene gatA coding for a thrid hexitol-specific enzyme II-complexgat. Other genes coding for two additional enzymes involved in galactitol catabolism apparently are not linked to gatC A D. (iv) A fourth class of mutants pleiotropically negative for hexitol growth and transport maps in the pts operon. Triple-negative mutants (mtlA gutA gatA) do not have further transport or phosphorylating activity for any of the three hexitols.
Representation in virtual space (1993)

The graphical user interface (GUI) typically provides a multi-windowed environment within a flat workspace or “desktop.” Simultaneously, however, controls for executing commands within this interface are increasingly being rendered three-dimensionally. This paper explores ways in which the space of the GUI desktop might be literally and figuratively deepened through the incorporation of visual devices that have emerged during the history of art—specifically, perspective and light effects. By enriching the visual vocabulary of the GUI, greater semantic complexity becomes sustainable.
Caractères physicochimiques des principes actifs : leurs conséquences sur la faisabilité et la stabilité des formes galéniques (1999)

Selon son origine ou le lot considéré, un principe actif, pourtant bien défini chimiquement, peut se comporter de façon très différente. Les opérations galéniques qu'il subit (broyage, compression, granulation, séchage) peuvent également entrainer des modifications des propriétés secondaires (dérivées) du principe actif que sont la comprimabilité, la mouillabilité, la solubilité, la vitesse de dissolution, la biodisponibilité et même l'activité pharmacologique. Des changements de propriétés peuvent aussi survenir en fonction des conditions de conservation des formes pharmaceutiques (humidité relative, température). Dans les corps solides, ces différences de propriétés, qu'elles existent initialement ou soient engendrées par un quelconque traitement, sont directement liées aux caractéristiques primaires des cristaux, c'est-à-dire à leur structure cristalline, à la fois interne (polymorphisme, pseudopolymorphisme, état amorphe) et externe (habitus, faciès cristallin), à la densité des défauts cristallins (dislocations) ainsi qu'à la présence d'impuretés. Le «dopage» de cristaux à l'aide de substances étrangères peut d'ailleurs faire partie des moyens susceptibles d'améliorer les propriétés d'intérêt technologique ou biopharmaceutique. La présente revue explique ces concepts à travers des exemples classiques ou plus récemment publiés dans la littérature.