gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility Management Schemes for Heterogeneity Support in Next Generation Wireless Networks (2007)

Seamless mobility support in a heterogeneous roaming environment poses several challenging issues in the choice of network architecture design and mobility protocol. Several standards organizations are designing next generation wireless network architectures with a suite of new network elements and protocols that provide service continuity for intra-and inter-provider roaming. However, each of these mobility solutions provides its own set of signaling mechanisms and methods of interaction with different functional network elements. Thus, it becomes a challenging task for the network operators and service providers to support roaming to the visited networks with diverse capabilities while supporting service continuity. In this paper, we first highlight some of the next generation standards and then describe the main functional components of a generic next generation wireless architecture as described in several evolving standards. We then focus on the operational usage of network layer mobility protocols such as Client Mobile IP, Proxy Mobile IP and application layer mobility protocol for next generation networks, and address the operational issues associated with roaming and service continuity. Finally, we propose comprehensive mobility solutions that support the heterogeneity associated with the intra-and inter-provider roaming.
The complete amino acid sequence of the human erythrocyte membrane anion-transport protein deduced from the cDNA sequence (1988)

1. We have isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the red cell membrane anion-transport protein (Band 3). 2. The cDNA clones cover 3475 bases of the mRNA and contain the entire protein-coding region, 150 bases of the 5' untranslated region and part of the 3' non-coding region, but do not extend to the 3' end of the mRNA. 3. The translated protein sequence predicts that the human red cell anion transporter contains 911 amino acids. 4. The availability of the amino acid sequence allows the interpretation of some of the many studies on the chemical and proteolytic modification of the human protein aimed at examining the structure and mechanism of this membrane transport protein.
A neuronal cell‐based botulinum neurotoxin assay for highly sensitive and specific detection of neutralizing serum antibodies (2007)

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A and B are widely used as pharmaceuticals to treat various neurological disorders and in cosmetic applications. The major adverse effect of these treatments has been resistance to treatment after multiple injections. Currently, patients receiving BoNT therapies and patients enrolled in clinical trials for new applications and/or new formulations of BoNTs are not routinely monitored for the formation of neutralizing antibodies, since no assay other than the mouse protection procedure is commercially available that reliably tests for the presence of such antibodies. This report presents a highly sensitive and specific neuronal cell-based assay that provides sensitive and specific detection of neutralizing antibodies to BoNT/A.
Small Peptides as Potent Mimetics of the Protein Hormone Erythropoietin (1996)

Random phage display peptide libraries and affinity selective methods were used to isolate small peptides that bind to and activate the receptor for the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). In a panel of in vitro biological assays, the peptides act as full agonists and they can also stimulate erythropoiesis in mice. These agonists are represented by a 14- amino acid disulfide-bonded, cyclic peptide with the minimum consensus sequence YXCXXGPXTWXCXP, where X represents positions allowing occupation by several amino acids. The amino acid sequences of these peptides are not found in the primary sequence of EPO. The signaling pathways activated by these peptides appear to be identical to those induced by the natural ligand. This discovery may form the basis for the design of small molecule mimetics of EPO.
A modular reconfigurable approach to the creation of flexible manufacturing cells for educational purposes (1995)

The time taken to install and overcome teething problems of a flexible manufacturing cell consisting of a CNC lathe, a CNC milling machine and a gantry robot suggested that there was a business and technical opportunity to develop modular software which could be used either stand-alone or integrated easily as part of a larger system. Software relating to a 3 level hierarchical control system was specified, written and extensively tested. At the highest level is the host computer. At the supervisory level are the cell controllers. At the third level device drivers provide an interface and control for each element (including storage and measuring systems etc.). The outcome is robust networked PC-Windows based software which is easily reconfigurable. This enables a cell consisting of any of the relevant Denford equipment to be installed quickly and effectively. Full installation including testing is normally carried out within 2 days. A wide range of software facilities is available for operational simulation, including scheduling. An indication is given of the particular needs of educational establishments.
Expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 in cholangiocarcinoma: Prognostic impact (2009)

Mucin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that plays an important role to protect the gastrointestinal tract epithelium. However, in cancer cells and during cancer progression, the expression profile of mucins is altered and expression of some mucins is correlated with prognosis for certain malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 in cholangiocarcinoma and clinicopathological parameters as well as patient survival. In addition, this study was performed to identify whether immunohistochemical staining for mucins is useful to differentiate cholangiocarcinoma from adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and gallbladder. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 was performed for 85 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, including 34 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 51 cases of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), 11 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma and 14 cases of pancreas adenocarcinoma. For cholangiocarcinomas, positivity of immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 was 65.8, 23.5, 61.1 and 14.1%, respectively. For cholangiocarcinomas, MUC1 positivity was determined to be statistically significant for poor differentiation (p=0.002), T category (p=0.003), gross type (ICC, p=0.005; ECC, p=0.006) and poor patient survival (p=0.015). MUC5AC was more frequently expressed in advanced tumors (p=0.013). MUC6 expression was significantly detected in well-differentiated cholangiocarcinomas (p=0.006). There was no significant difference for the mucin staining patterns of cholangiocarcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas and gallbladder adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that MUC1 expression in cholangiocarcinomas is closely related to dedifferentiation, infiltrative growth pattern and patient survival. Our results suggest that the expression of MUC1 might be associated with the progression of cholangiocarcinoma.
Reduced percolation thresholds of immiscible conductive blends of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and high density polyethylene (2002)

The electrical response of polymer composites employing a "percolation-within-percolation" approach of carbon black reduction required for imparting conductivity to the composites was investigated. Specifically, immiscible polymer composites composed of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and carbon black (CB) were investigated. The ternary composites exhibited enhanced conductivities above that of the individually filled binary polymers at equivalent carbon black concentrations. Significant increases in the conductivity of (semi)conductive composites could be achieved through annealing at temperatures below the melting point of the HDPE, with compositions containing carbon black levels close to the percolation concentration experiencing the greatest benefit. Optical analysis of the annealed composites indicated a coarsening of the blend morphology which was speculated to be assisting in improving the conductivity of the composites. The ternary composites exhibited an upward shift in relative permittivity values with increasing HDPE/CB content through the enhanced Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization taking place between the three dissimilar components.
An attempt at sperm-mediated gene transfer in mice and chickens (1991)

Experiments were carried out to transform laboratory mice and domestic chickens by use of sperm incubated with bacterial plasmid DNA. Following demonstration of "uptake" of such DNA by sperm of both species, attempts were made to replicate a previously published procedure (Lavitrano et al. 1989, Cell 57: 717–723) for producing transgenic mice through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also, female mice and hens were inseminated (AI) with sperm which had been incubated in a DNA solution. Such incubation did not influence the fertility or hatchability of the hens' eggs. However, no transformed progeny were detected among 45 mice produced by IVF or among 69 mice and 470 chickens produced by AI. Key words: Sperm-mediated DNA transfer, mice, chickens
Cystine Knot of the Gonadotropin α Subunit Is Critical for Intracellular Behavior but Not for in Vitro Biological Activity (1997)

The common alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones contains five disulfide bonds. Based on the published crystal structure, the assignments are 7-31, 59-87, 10-60, 28-82, and 32-84; the last three comprise the cystine knot, a structure also seen in a variety of growth factors. Previously, we demonstrated that the efficiency of secretion and the ability to form heterodimers by alpha subunits bearing single cysteine residue mutants in the cystine knot were significantly reduced. These results suggested that the cystine knot is critical for the intracellular integrity of the subunit. To assess if the presence of the free thiol affected the secretion kinetics, we constructed paired cysteine mutants of each disulfide bond of the alpha subunit. The secretion rate for these monomers was comparable with wild type except for the alpha-10-60 mutant, which was 40% lower. The recovery of the alpha7-31 and alpha59-87 mutants was greater than 95%, whereas for the cystine knot mutants, it was 20-40%. Co-expression of the wild-type chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit with double cysteine mutants did not enhance the recovery of alpha mutants in the media. Moreover, compared with wild-type, the efficiency of heterodimer formation of the alpha10-60 or alpha32-84 mutants was less than 5%. Because subunit assembly is required for biological activity, studies on the role of these disulfide bonds in signal transduction were not possible. To bypass the assembly step, we exploited the single chain model, where the alpha and beta subunits are genetically fused. The recovery of secreted tethered gonadotropins bearing mutations in the cystine knot was increased significantly. Although dimer-specific monoclonal antibodies discriminated the conformation of single chain alpha10-60 and alpha32-84 mutants from the native heterodimer, these mutants were nevertheless biologically active. Thus, individual bonds of cystine knot are important for secretion and heterodimer formation but not for in vitro bioactivity. Moreover, the data suggest that the native heterodimer configuration is not a prerequisite for receptor binding or signal transduction.
GPU smoothing of quad meshes (2008)

We present a fast algorithm for converting quad meshes on the GPU to smooth surfaces. Meshes with 12,000 input quads, of which 60% have one or more non-4-valent vertices, are converted, evaluated and rendered with 9times9 resolution per quad at 50 frames per second. The conversion reproduces bi-cubic splines wherever possible and closely mimics the shape of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface by c-patches where a vertex has a valence different from 4. The smooth surface is piecewise polynomial and has well-defined normals everywhere. The evaluation avoids pixel dropout.
Transgenic plants: fundamentals and applications. (1993)

Presents the latest techniques for the genetic engineering of plants - focusing on the types of transgenic plants that have the potential for influencing agricultural practices as well as the production of valuable proteins.
Elevated TAK1 augments tumor growth and metastatic capacities of ovarian cancer cells through activation of NF-κB signaling (2014)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activating kinase 1 (TAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase which is frequently associated with human cancer progression. However, its functional role in tumorigenesis is still controversial. Here, we report that TAK1 enhances the oncogenic capacity of ovarian cancer cells through the activation of NF-κB signaling. We found that TAK1 is frequently upregulated and significantly associated with high-grade and metastatic ovarian cancers. Mechanistic studies showed that Ser412 phosphorylation is required for TAK1 in activating NF-κB signaling and promotes aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, suppression of TAK1 activity by point mutation at Ser412, RNAi mediated gene knockdown or TAK1 specific inhibitor ((5Z) -7-Oxozeaenol) remarkably impairs tumor growth and metastasis in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our study underscores the importance of targeting TAK1 as a promising therapeutic approach to counteract the ovarian cancer progression.
Pépinières d'entreprises (managed workspace) in France (1991)

Summary Pépinières d'entreprises (managed workspace) grew rapidly in number in France during the 1980s as policies towards the small business sector were encouraged in parallel with local economic development initiatives. Little critical assessment has been made of pépinières as a policy instrument. This article documents this development and reports some of the major observations of a survey of pépinières.
High aspect-ratio combined poly and single-crystal silicon (HARPSS) MEMS technology (2000)

This paper presents a single-wafer high aspect-ratio micromachining technology capable of simultaneously producing tens to hundreds of micrometers thick electrically isolated poly and single-crystal silicon microstructures. High aspect-ratio polysilicon structures are created by refilling hundreds of micrometers deep trenches with polysilicon deposited over a sacrificial oxide layer. Thick single-crystal silicon structures are released from the substrate through the front side of the wafer by means of a combined directional and isotropic silicon dry etch and are protected on the sides by refilled trenches. This process is capable of producing electrically isolated polysilicon and silicon electrodes as tall as the main body structure with various size capacitive air gaps ranging from submicrometer to tens of micrometers. Using bent-beam strain sensors, residual stress in 80-/spl mu/m-thick 4-/spl mu/m-wide trench-refilled vertical polysilicon beams fabricated in this technology has been measured to be virtually zero. 300-/spl mu/m-long 80-/spl mu/m-thick polysilicon clamped-clamped beam micromechanical resonators have shown quality factors as high as 85 000 in vacuum. The all-silicon feature of this technology improves long-term stability and temperature sensitivity, while fabrication of large-area vertical pickoff electrodes with submicrometer gap spacing will increase the sensitivity of micro-electromechanical devices by orders of magnitude.
Speaker adaptation for large vocabulary speech recognition systems using speaker Markov models (1989)

An alternative approach to speaker adaptation for a large-vocabulary hidden-Markov-model-based speech recognition system is described. The goal of this investigation was to train the IBM speech recognition system with only five minutes of speech data from a new speaker instead of the usual 20 minutes without the recognition rate dropping by more than 1-2%. The approach is based on the use of a stochastic model representing the different properties of the new speaker and an old speaker for which the full training set of 20 minutes is available. It is called a speaker Markov model. It is shown how the parameters of such a model can be derived and how it can be used for transforming the training set of the old speaker in order to use it in addition to the short training set of the new speaker. The adaptation algorithm was tested with 12 speakers. The average recognition rate dropped from 96.4% to 95.2% for a 5000-word vocabulary task. The decoding time increased by a factor of 1.35; this factor is often 3-5 if other adaptation algorithms are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pax-2 expression defines a subset of GABAergic interneurons and their precursors in the developing murine cerebellum (1999)

Pax-2 is a paired box transcription factor expressed in several regions of the developing mammalian central nervous system. First found in the midbrain/hindbrain region, Pax-2 expression is later found in the cerebellum, hindbrain, and spinal cord. We have examined the expression pattern of Pax-2 from embryonic day 12 (E12) through postnatal day 35 (P35) using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Expression of Pax-2 is found in scattered cells of the cerebellar ventricular zone at E13. Pax-2-expressing cells migrate away from this germinative center to positions in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), internal granule cell layer, molecular layer, and folial white-matter tracts of the cerebellum. Immunocytochemistry of both tissue sections and primary dissociated cultures demonstrates that Pax-2 is expressed by cells of a neuronal lineage, but not by cells of either an astrocytic or oligodendrocytic lineage. Specifically, the presence of Pax-2 identifies the entire population of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons in the cerebellar cortex (Golgi II, basket and stellate cells) and in the DCN. Bromodeoxyuridase labeling and 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of cells in M-phase reveals that Pax-2-expressing cells in the folial white-matter tracts of the cerebellum constitute an actively dividing population. We propose that these cells are migratory precursors of the molecular layer interneurons (basket and stellate cells). Our data suggest that the role of Pax-2 in cerebellar development changes after E12, shifting from the specification of an anatomical field to the marking of a specific class of cells. Our findings also suggest a previously uncharacterized relationship among GABAergic interneurons found posterior to the midbrain. Finally, our data support the hypothesis that the basket and stellate cells arise from neuronally restricted, migratory precursors located in the early postnatal cerebellar white matter.
Linkage disequilibrium mapping of complex disease: fantasy or reality? (1998)

In the past year, data about the level and nature of linkage disequilibrium between alleles of tightly linked SNPs have started to become available. Furthermore, increasing evidence of allelic heterogeneity at the loci predisposing to complex disease has been observed, which has lead to initial attempts to develop methods of linkage disequilibrium detection allowing for this difficulty. It has also become more obvious that we will need to think carefully about the types of populations we need to analyze in an attempt to identify these elusive genes, and it is becoming clear that we need to carefully re-evaluate the prognosis of the current paradigm with regard to its robustness to the types of problems that are likely to exist.
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L26 (1989)

The amino acid sequence of rat ribosomal protein L26 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. Rat L26 contains 145 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 17,266 Da. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 8-16 copies of the L26 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 650 nucleotides in length. Protein L26 has a sequence of 9 residues that may be repeated in three places.
Isolation of T-Cell Tropic HTLV-III-Like Retrovirus from Macaques (1985)

The isolation of a T-cell tropic retrovirus from three immunodeficient macaques and one macaque with lymphoma is described. The morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (HTLV-III or LAV). This virus is referred to as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) of macaques. The existence of a cytopathic, T-cell tropic virus resembling HTLV-III in monkeys may facilitate study of disease induction and vaccine development in an animal model.
Graft-versus-host disease-like erythroderma (2017)

GVHD-like erythroderma is an uncommon paraneoplastic disorder associated with thymomas. Though its pathogenesis still needs further research, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve survival rate in patients.
Beam shaping design for coupling high power diode laser stack to fiber (2011)

A beam shaping technique that rearranges the beam for improving the beam symmetry and power density of a ten-bar high power diode laser stack is simulated considering a stripe mirror plate and a V-Stack mirror in the beam shaping system. In this technique, the beam of a high power diode laser stack is effectively coupled into a standard 550 μm core diameter and a NA=0.22 fiber. By this technique, compactness, higher efficiency, and lower cost production of the diode are possible.