gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transthyretin (prealbumin) gene in human primary hepatic cancer. (1991)

From a subtracting cDNA library constructed from normal liver versus human primary hepatic cancer (PHC) a cDNA clone pG8 was isolated. Using it as a probe, RNA extracted from one human liver and 9 PHC samples were analyzed by Northern hybridization. As expected, its mRNA was highly expressed in liver; however, the expression was strikingly suppressed in PHC. Only weak signal was observed in 2 out of 9 PHC, while no signal was detectable in the other 7 samples. Utilizing pG8 as a probe, DNA from the same PHC specimens was analyzed after MspI digestion and Southern hybridization. Deletion of DNA fragment was observed in 4 out of 9 samples. In further study of cancer and non-cancerous liver from other 7 PHC patients, similar deletion of DNA fragments in cancer was observed in 4 out of 7 samples. After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex. This is the first report of a study on TTR in human primary hepatic cancer. Since TTR gene was strikingly suppressed in mRNA expression and possibly defective in its gene structure, it was strongly implicated that TTR might be an important gene marker or a candidate of anti-oncogene for human PHC. The biological activity of TTR gene is under study.
RECOVERY FROM INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY ILLNESS OF A VIRUS RELATED TO CHIMPANZEE CORYZA AGENT (CCA) (1957)

Journal Article RECOVERY FROM INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY ILLNESS OF A VIRUS RELATED TO CHIMPANZEE CORYZA AGENT (CCA): ISOLATION, PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION Get access ROBERT CHANOCK, ROBERT CHANOCK Department of Epidemiology and Department of Microbiology, The School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, and the Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BERNARD ROIZMAN, BERNARD ROIZMAN Department of Epidemiology and Department of Microbiology, The School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, and the Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RUTH MYERS RUTH MYERS Department of Epidemiology and Department of Microbiology, The School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, and the Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 66, Issue 3, November 1957, Pages 281–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119901 Published: 01 November 1957 Article history Received: 02 July 1957 Published: 01 November 1957
Pig latin (2008)

There is a growing need for ad-hoc analysis of extremely large data sets, especially at internet companies where innovation critically depends on being able to analyze terabytes of data collected every day. Parallel database products, e.g., Teradata, offer a solution, but are usually prohibitively expensive at this scale. Besides, many of the people who analyze this data are entrenched procedural programmers, who find the declarative, SQL style to be unnatural. The success of the more procedural map-reduce programming model, and its associated scalable implementations on commodity hardware, is evidence of the above. However, the map-reduce paradigm is too low-level and rigid, and leads to a great deal of custom user code that is hard to maintain, and reuse.
Discrete Assembly of Synthetic Peptide–DNA Triplex Structures from Polyvalent Melamine–Thymine Bifacial Recognition (2011)

We have designed a 21-residue α-peptide that simultaneously recognizes two decadeoxyoligothymidine (dT(10)) tracts to form triplexes with a peptide-DNA strand ratio of 1:2. The synthetic peptide side chain displays 10 melamine rings, which provide a bifacial thymine-recognition interface along the length of the 21-residue peptide. Recognition is selective for thymine over other nucleobases and drives the formation of ternary peptide·[dT(10)](2) complexes as well as heterodimeric peptide·[dT(10)C(10)T(10)] hairpin structures with triplex stems.
Prenatal diagnosis of otocephaly using two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ultrasonography (1998)

We report a case of the prenatal diagnosis of a very rare anomaly, namely isolated otocephaly, using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound at 24 weeks of gestation. Two-dimensional ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios, absence of a stomach shadow, hypotelorism and a proboscis-like mass. Three-dimensional ultrasound gave a precise demonstration of the striking craniofacial features of otocephaly including agnathia, synotia, microstomia and protuberance of the nose-mouth fusion. The use of three-dimensional ultrasound provided a whole view of the very rare lethal malformation in utero and contributed significantly to prenatal diagnosis.
Antigen recognition by H-2-restricted T cells. II. A tryptic ovalbumin peptide that substitutes for processed antigen. (1984)

A 17-amino acid tryptic peptide of chicken ovalbumin, designated P323-339, that substituted for processed antigen when presented by glutaraldehyde prefixed accessory cells to specific I-restricted T hybridomas was characterized. The peptide antigen could not be demonstrated to have any specific or stable interactions with accessory cell Ia antigens by either direct binding or functional assays for inhibition of specific T cell activation. In addition, the T cell receptor for I-restricted antigen had no affinity for free antigen alone. A rabbit antibody specific for the antigenic peptide inhibited presentation when introduced before but not after binding of the peptide to accessory cells. These results extend our earlier finding that accessory cell-mediated processing of chicken ovalbumin can be completely explained by the fragmentation of the native molecule into smaller m.w. peptides, and suggests that if an antigen/Ia complex is important in T cell activation, it forms significantly only in the presence of the T cell receptor for I-restricted antigen.
Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity (2018)

Vaccines are among the most impactful public health interventions, preventing millions of new infections and deaths annually worldwide. However, emerging data suggest that vaccines may not protect all populations equally. Specifically, studies analyzing variation in vaccine-induced immunity have pointed to the critical impact of genetics, the environment, nutrition, the microbiome, and sex in influencing vaccine responsiveness. The significant contribution of sex to modulating vaccine-induced immunity has gained attention over the last years. Specifically, females typically develop higher antibody responses and experience more adverse events following vaccination than males. This enhanced immune reactogenicity among females is thought to render females more resistant to infectious diseases, but conversely also contribute to higher incidence of autoimmunity among women. Dissection of mechanisms which underlie sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity has implicated hormonal, genetic, and microbiota differences across males and females. This review will highlight the importance of sex-dependent differences in vaccine-induced immunity and specifically will address the role of sex as a modulator of humoral immunity, key to long-term pathogen-specific protection.
DH332, a Synthetic β-Carboline Alkaloid, Inhibits B Cell Lymphoma Growth by Activation of the Caspase Family (2014)

DH332 exerts effective antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to be a promising drug candidate for lymphoma therapy.
Partial hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. An experimental study in the dog. (2003)

The use of a composite osteochondral device for simulating partial hemiarthroplasty was examined. The device was composed of a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and a titanium fibre mesh, acting as artificial cartilage and as porous artificial bone, respectively. The titanium fibre mesh was designed to act as an interface material, allowing firm attachment to both the polyvinyl alcohol gel (through injection moulding) and the femoral joint surface (through bony ingrowth). We implanted 22 of these devices into canine femoral heads. Histological findings from the acetabular cartilage and synovial membrane, as well as the attachment of the prosthesis to bone, were examined up until one year after operation. No marked pathological changes were found and firm attachment of the device to the underlying bone was confirmed. The main potential application for this device is for partial surface replacement of the femoral head after osteonecrosis. Other applications could include articular resurfacing and the replacement of intervertebral discs.
Analysis of hematopoietic cell specific protein, M-DOCK. (1999)

Full length cDNA of M-DOCK was isolated at Kazusa DNA Institute and its sequence has been deposited as KIAA0209. The cDNA sequence of M-DOCK contains a 5490 bp open reading frame that encodes a 1830-aa protein with a calculated molecular mass of 212 kDa. The amino acid sequence of M-DOCK has 62.3% identity with DOCK180, excluding the carboxyl terminal variable regions. DOCK180, which was originally identified as a major protein bound to Crk oncogene product, is an archetype of a family of proteins including Ced-5 of C. elegans and Mbc of D. melanogaster. DOCK180 is localized at focal adhesions and regulates cell morphology through the activation of Rac. Expression of DOCK180 is ubiquitous except in hematopoietic cells. Here, the author reports on the characterization of M-DOCK protein, which is closely related to DOCK180 but expressed only in the hematopoietic cells. We immunized rabbits with bacterially-expressed GST-M-DOCK protein, and obtained an anti-serum specific to M-DOCK. Tissue distribution of M-DOCK was examined by Northern blotting and Western blotting. M-DOCK was expressed abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes. M-DOCK expression was detected also in the cell lines derived from T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes, but never in the adherent cells. Most of the lymphocytes and macrophages in human organs expressed M-DOCK diffusely in the cytoplasm, which was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-M-DOCK antibody. We previously reported that membrane-targeted form of DOCK180 induced spreading of NIH 3T3 cells. By contrast, overexpression of M-DOCK rounded up flat NRK cells. This suggests that M-DOCK may regulate cell detachment of adherent cells. These results demonstrate that M-DOCK is a new member of DOCK180-family proteins and regulates cell shape in suspension cells.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on guinea‐pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro: role of cyclo‐oxygenase and airway epithelium (1989)

1. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (0.1 microM-3 mM) induced variable contractions of guinea-pig isolated trachea which were attenuated by catalase (100 u ml-1) and mannitol (15 mM) suggesting that contractions were induced by H2O2 and/or the hydroxyl anion. 2. Epithelial removal potentiated contractile responses of tracheal preparations to H2O2 with a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve and an increase in the maximal response. 3. Indomethacin (3 microM) inhibited contractions to H2O2 of intact preparations and preparations without epithelium suggesting that contractions may be mediated by cyclo-oxygenase products. Intact preparations (but not preparations without epithelium) contracted in response to high concentrations (greater than 0.1 mM) of H2O2 in the presence of indomethacin suggesting that other excitatory factor(s) released by the epithelium may induce contraction. 4. Preincubation of intact tracheal preparations with H2O2 (1 mM) for 1 h had no effect on responses to histamine or isoprenaline. 5. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide generated during the inflammatory process may play a role in bronchoconstriction.
Lignocellulose biotechnology: issues of bioconversion and enzyme production (2003)

This review is written from the perspective of scientists working in lignocellulose bioconversion in a developing country and the aim of this review is to remind ourselves and other scientists working in related areas of lignocellulose research of the enormous economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials generally regarded as &ldquo;waste&rdquo;, and secondly to highlight some of the modern approaches which potentially could be used to tackle one of the major impediments, namely high enzyme cost, to speed-up the extensive commercialisation of the lignocellulose bioprocessing. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Key words: lignocellulose, bioconversion, enzyme cost.
The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis (1984)

Research Article| February 15 1984 The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis M Marsh M Marsh Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1984) 218 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2180001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M Marsh; The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis. Biochem J 15 February 1984; 218 (1): 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2180001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 London: The Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Concise Review: Stem Cells, Myocardial Regeneration, and Methodological Artifacts (2006)

This review discusses the current controversy about the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells have in cardiac homeostasis and myocardial regeneration following injury. Although great enthusiasm was created by the possibility of reconstituting the damaged heart, the opponents of this new concept of cardiac biology have interpreted most of the findings supporting this possibility as the product of technical artifacts. This article challenges this established, static view of cardiac growth and favors the notion that the mammalian heart has the inherent ability to replace its cardiomyocytes through the activation of a pool of resident primitive cells or the administration of hematopoietic stem cells.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Improves Glucose Responsiveness of Freshly Isolated Human Islets (2003)

The peptide hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), has been shown to increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion, enhance insulin gene transcription, expand islet cell mass, and inhibit beta-cell apoptosis in animal models of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether GLP-1 could improve function and inhibit apoptosis in freshly isolated human islets. Human islets were cultured for 5 d in the presence, or absence, of GLP-1 (10 nm, added every 12 h) and studied for viability and expression of proapoptotic (caspase-3) and antiapoptotic factors (bcl-2) as well as glucose-dependent insulin production. We observed better-preserved three-dimensional islet morphology in the GLP-1-treated islets, compared with controls. Nuclear condensation, a feature of cell apoptosis, was inhibited by GLP-1. The reduction in the number of apoptotic cells in GLP-1-treated islets was particularly evident at d 3 (6.1% apoptotic nuclei in treated cultures vs. 15.5% in controls; P < 0.01) and at d 5 (8.9 vs. 18.9%; P < 0.01). The antiapoptotic effect of GLP-1 was associated with the down-regulation of active caspase-3 (P < 0.001) and the up-regulation of bcl-2 (P < 0.01). The effect of GLP-1 on the intracellular levels of bcl-2 and caspase-3 was observed at the mRNA and protein levels. Intracellular insulin content was markedly enhanced in islets cultured with GLP-1 vs. control (P < 0.001, at d 5), and there was a parallel GLP-1-dependent potentiation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion (P < 0.01 at d 3; P < 0.05 at d 5). Our findings provide evidence that GLP-1 added to freshly isolated human islets preserves morphology and function and inhibits cell apoptosis.
Anti–Mesothelin Immunotoxin SS1P in Combination with Gemcitabine Results in Increased Activity against Mesothelin-Expressing Tumor Xenografts (2007)

SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in marked antitumor activity against mesothelin-expressing tumors. This combination could be potentially useful for the treatment of human cancers that express mesothelin and are responsive to gemcitabine therapy.
A novel in vivo model of tau propagation with rapid and progressive neurofibrillary tangle pathology: the pattern of spread is determined by connectivity, not proximity (2014)

Intracellular inclusions composed of hyperphosphorylated filamentous tau are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease and other sporadic neurodegenerative tauopathies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that tau aggregates do not only seed further tau aggregation within neurons, but can also spread to neighbouring cells and functionally connected brain regions. This process is referred to as 'tau propagation' and may explain the stereotypic progression of tau pathology in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Here, we describe a novel in vivo model of tau propagation using human P301S tau transgenic mice infused unilaterally with brain extract containing tau aggregates. Infusion-related neurofibrillary tangle pathology was first observed 2 weeks post-infusion and increased in a stereotypic, time-dependent manner. Contralateral and anterior/posterior spread of tau pathology was also evident in nuclei with strong synaptic connections (efferent and afferent) to the site of infusion, indicating that spread was dependent on synaptic connectivity rather than spatial proximity. This notion was further supported by infusion-related tau pathology in white matter tracts that interconnect these regions. The rapid and robust propagation of tau pathology in this model will be valuable for both basic research and the drug discovery process.
Theory of thin-film orientation by ion bombardment during deposition (1986)

We study the development of orientational order in thin films grown with off-normal incidence ion bombardment during deposition. The overall orientational order in our model results from the dependence of the sputtering yield on grain orientation. We demonstrate that the degree of orientational order at the surface of a thick film grows slowly with increasing ion flux until, at a critical value of the flux, it begins to rise more steeply and then saturates at its maximum value. The time needed to approach the thick-film limit displays a peak as the ion flux is varied. We compare our work with the experimental results of Yu et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 932 (1985)] and use our results to show how the deposition technique can be optimized.
Reverse genetics provides direct evidence for a correlation of hemagglutinin cleavability and virulence of an avian influenza A virus (1994)

To obtain direct evidence for a relationship between hemagglutinin (HA) cleavability and the virulence of avian influenza A viruses, we generated a series of HA cleavage mutants from a virulent virus, A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9), by reverse genetics. A transfectant virus containing the wild-type HA with R-R-R-K-K-R at the cleavage site, which was readily cleaved by endogenous proteases in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), was highly virulent in intramuscularly or intranasally/orally inoculated chickens. By contrast, a mutant containing the HA with an avirulent-like sequence (R-E-T-R) at the cleavage site, which was not cleaved by the proteases in CEF, was avirulent in chickens, indicating that a genetic alteration confined to the HA cleavage site can affect cleavability and virulence. Mutant viruses with HA cleavage site sequences of T-R-R-K-K-R or T-T-R-K-K-R were as virulent as viruses with the wild-type HA, whereas a mutant with a two-amino-acid deletion but retention of four consecutive basic residues (R-K-K-R) was as avirulent as a virus with the avirulent-type HA. Interestingly, although a mutant containing an HA with R-R-R-K-T-R, which has reduced cleavability in CEF, was as virulent as viruses with high HA cleavability when given intramuscularly, it was less virulent when given intranasally/orally. We conclude that the degree of HA cleavability in CEF predicts the virulence of avian influenza viruses.
Toxic bile salts induce rodent hepatocyte apoptosis via direct activation of Fas (1999)

Cholestatic liver injury appears to result from the induction of hepatocyte apoptosis by toxic bile salts such as glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC). Previous studies from this laboratory indicate that cathepsin B is a downstream effector protease during the hepatocyte apoptotic process. Because caspases can initiate apoptosis, the present studies were undertaken to determine the role of caspases in cathepsin B activation. Immunoblotting of GCDC-treated McNtcp.24 hepatoma cells demonstrated cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin B1 to fragments that indicate activation of effector caspases. Transfection with CrmA, an inhibitor of caspase 8, prevented GCDC-induced cathepsin B activation and apoptosis. Consistent with these results, an increase in caspase 8-like activity was observed in GCDC-treated cells. Examination of the mechanism of GCDC-induced caspase 8 activation revealed that dominant-negative FADD inhibited apoptosis and that hepatocytes isolated from Fas-deficient lymphoproliferative mice were resistant to GCDC-induced apoptosis. After GCDC treatment, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated Fas oligomerization, and confocal microscopy demonstrated DeltaFADD-GFP (Fas-associated death domain-green fluorescent protein, aggregation in the absence of detectable Fas ligand mRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that GCDC-induced hepatocyte apoptosis involves ligand-independent oligomerization of Fas, recruitment of FADD, activation of caspase 8, and subsequent activation of effector proteases, including downstream caspases and cathepsin B.