gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient conversion of (1R,5R)-(+)-.alpha.-pinene to (1S,5R)-(-)-nopinone (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient conversion of (1R,5R)-(+)-.alpha.-pinene to (1S,5R)-(-)-nopinonePierre Lavallee and Gilles BouthillierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 8, 1362–1365Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00358a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00358a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined deficiency of RAB32 and RAB38 in the mouse mimics Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and critically impairs thrombosis (2019)

The biogenesis of lysosome related organelles is defective in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dense granule (DG) defects. The first animal model of HPS was the fawn-hooded rat, harboring a spontaneous mutation inactivating the small guanosine triphosphatase <i>Rab38</i> This leads to coat color dilution associated with the absence of DGs and lung morphological defects. Another RAB38 mutant, the <i>cht</i> mouse, has normal DGs, which has raised controversy about the role of RAB38 in DG biogenesis. We show here that murine and human, but not rat, platelets also express the closely related RAB32. To elucidate the parts played by RAB32 and RAB38 in the biogenesis of DGs in vivo and their effects on platelet functions, we generated mice inactivated for <i>Rab32</i>, <i>Rab38,</i> and both genes. Single <i>Rab38</i> inactivation mimicked <i>cht</i> mice, whereas single <i>Rab32</i> inactivation had no effect in DGs, coat color, or lung morphology. By contrast, <i>Rab32/38</i> double inactivation mimicked severe HPS, with strong coat and eye pigment dilution, some enlarged lung multilamellar bodies associated with a decrease in the number of DGs. These organelles were morphologically abnormal, decreased in number, and devoid of 5-hydroxytryptamine content. In line with the storage pool defect, platelet activation was affected, resulting in severely impaired thrombus growth and prolongation of the bleeding time. Overall, our study demonstrates the absence of impact of RAB38 or RAB32 single deficiency in platelet biogenesis and function resulting from full redundancy, and characterized a new mouse model mimicking HPS devoid of DG content.
Wild-Type-Like Viral Replication Potential of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Mutants Lacking Palmitoylation Signals (2005)

Palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the human immunodeficiency type virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) transmembrane protein, gp41, has been implicated in Env targeting to detergent-resistant lipid rafts, Env incorporation into the virus, and viral infectivity. In contrast, we provide evidence here to show that HIV-1 infectivity, Env targeting to lipid rafts, and Env incorporation into the virus are independent of cytoplasmic tail palmitoylation. The T-cell (T)-tropic HXB2-based virus, which utilizes CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor, carrying a Cys-to-Ser mutation at residue 764 or 837 or at both replicated with wild-type (WT) virus replication kinetics in CD4+ T cells. The properties of Env expression, precursor processing, cell surface expression, and Env incorporation of these three mutant viruses were normal compared to those of the WT virus. These three mutant Env proteins all effectively mediated one-cycle virus infection. When the Cys residues were replaced by Ala residues, all single and double mutants still retained the phenotypes of infectivity, Env incorporation, and lipid raft localization of the WT Env. When Cys-to-Ala substitutions were introduced into the macrophage (M)-tropic ConB virus, which utilizes CCR5 as the coreceptor, these mutations did not affect the replication potential, Env phenotypes, lipid raft targeting, or Env assembly into the virus of the WT Env. These T- and M-tropic mutants also productively replicated in human primary CD4+ T cells. Moreover, mutations at both Cys residues significantly reduced the level of palmitoylation of the Env. Our results together support the notion that palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic tail of the HIV-1 Env is not essential for the HIV-1 virus life cycle.
Detection of Myelination Using a Novel Histological Probe (2005)

Current methods for myelin staining in tissue sections include both histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry, which uses antibodies against myelin components such as myelin basic protein, is often used because of the convenience for multiple labeling. To facilitate studies on myelin, this paper describes a quick and easy method for direct myelin staining in rodent and human tissues using novel near-infrared myelin (NIM) dyes that are comparable to other well-characterized histochemical reagents. The near-infrared fluorescence spectra of these probes allow fluorescent staining of tissue sections in multiple channels using visible light fluorophores commonly used in immunocytochemistry. These dyes have been used successfully to detect normal myelin structure and myelin loss in a mouse model of demyelination disease.
Inhibition of p185c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides down-regulates p185-associated tyrosine-kinase activity and strongly inhibits mammary tumor-cell proliferation. (1994)

The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene codes for a 185-kd putative growth factor receptor that is highly homologous to but distinct from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2 occurs in a number of human tumors, in some of which it is a negative prognostic factor. This study investigates the possibility of inhibiting tumor-cell proliferation by blocking c-erbB-2 expression in the human mammary carcinoma cell line SK-Br-3 using chemically modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Expression of the p185c-erbB-2 protein product was selectively reduced within 48 hours and resulted in a growth arrest of SK-Br-3 cells. Biochemical studies of tyrosine-kinase and S6-kinase activities after antisense inhibition of c-erbB-2 show that p185c-erbB-2 activates the S6-kinase signalling pathway in a nonlinear, dose-dependent manner. This may be relevant for the design of therapeutic strategies involving the inhibition of c-erbB-2 (proto)- oncogene expression.
Dedicated Breast CT: Radiation Dose and Image Quality Evaluation (2001)

The potential of high signal-to-noise ratio images with low anatomic noise, which are obtainable at dose levels comparable to those for mammography, suggests that dedicated breast CT should be studied further for its potential in breast cancer screening and diagnosis.
Characterization of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced byBacillus coagulansATCC 7050 (2009)

The unique characteristics of lactosporin, including its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic micro-organisms, indicate that it may have potential for application in foods and personal care products.
STRATEGIC INNOVATION IN THE NEW ECONOMY (2000)

A process of continuous innovation isn't just “nice to have,” it's “need to have.”
Epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2-neu mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer Is correlated with survival. (2001)

The prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2-neu remains controversial in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We studied the association between the mRNA expression of EGFR, HER2-neu, and survival in primary tumor and matching nonmalignant tissues from 83 patients with NSCLC. Analysis was performed using a quantitative real-time PCR system (Taqman). EGFR and HER2-neu mRNA expression was detectable in all (100%) specimens analyzed. Twenty-nine (34.9%) patients had high HER2-neu expression, and 28 (33.7%) patients had high EGFR expression. A high HER2-neu and EGFR coexpression was detectable in 14 (16.9%) patients. High HER2-neu expression was associated with inferior survival (P = 0.004), whereas high EGFR expression showed a trend toward inferior survival (P = 0.176). The impact of HER2-neu and EGFR coexpression on patients' survival was additive (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis determined high HER2-neu expression (P = 0.041), and high EGFR/HER2-neu coexpression (P = 0.030) as significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factors. These findings indicate that HER2-neu and EGFR play a crucial role in the biological behavior of NSCLCs. Testing of molecular marker coexpression (EGFR and HER2-neu) improves the estimation of prognosis and appears to define low- and high-risk groups for treatment failure in curatively resected NSCLC.
Block-Cell-Printing for live single-cell printing (2014)

A unique live-cell printing technique, termed "Block-Cell-Printing" (BloC-Printing), allows for convenient, precise, multiplexed, and high-throughput printing of functional single-cell arrays. Adapted from woodblock printing techniques, the approach employs microfluidic arrays of hook-shaped traps to hold cells at designated positions and directly transfer the anchored cells onto various substrates. BloC-Printing has a minimum turnaround time of 0.5 h, a maximum resolution of 5 µm, close to 100% cell viability, the ability to handle multiple cell types, and efficiently construct protrusion-connected single-cell arrays. The approach enables the large-scale formation of heterotypic cell pairs with controlled morphology and allows for material transport through gap junction intercellular communication. When six types of breast cancer cells are allowed to extend membrane protrusions in the BloC-Printing device for 3 h, multiple biophysical characteristics of cells--including the protrusion percentage, extension rate, and cell length--are easily quantified and found to correlate well with their migration levels. In light of this discovery, BloC-Printing may serve as a rapid and high-throughput cell protrusion characterization tool to measure the invasion and migration capability of cancer cells. Furthermore, primary neurons are also compatible with BloC-Printing.
Medical management of cerebral edema (2007)

Cerebral edema is frequently encountered in clinical practice in critically ill patients with acute brain injury from diverse origins and is a major cause of increased morbidity and death in this subset of patients. The consequences of cerebral edema can be lethal and include cerebral ischemia from compromised regional or global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracranial compartmental shifts due to intracranial pressure gradients that result in compression of vital brain structures. The overall goal of medical management of cerebral edema is to maintain regional and global CBF to meet the metabolic requirements of the brain and prevent secondary neuronal injury from cerebral ischemia. Medical management of cerebral edema involves using a systematic and algorithmic approach, from general measures (optimal head and neck positioning for facilitating intracranial venous outflow, avoidance of dehydration and systemic hypotension, and maintenance of normothermia) to specific therapeutic interventions (controlled hyperventilation, administration of corticosteroids and diuretics, osmotherapy, and pharmacological cerebral metabolic suppression). This article reviews and highlights the medical management of cerebral edema based on pathophysiological principles in acute brain injury.
The synthetic utility of furan-, pyrrole- and thiophene-based 2-silyloxy dienes (2000)

The aim of this review is to highlight the utility of a remarkable triad of 2-silyloxy diene synthons derived from furan, pyrrole and thiophene in organic synthesis. These heterocycles, in reacting with a number of carbonyl-related compounds (aldehydes, imines, heteroatom-stabilized carbenium ions), act as vinylogous nucleophile modules giving rise to a myriad of functionality-rich aldol-type constructs. These, in turn, represent invaluable synthetic platforms onto which a limitless number of functional elements and chosen chirality may be introduced. Eleven syntheses, amongst the most appealing of 1991–1999, have been chosen to illustrate the potentiality of silyloxy diene chemistry.
Scanning Probe Studies of Single Nanostructures (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleScanning Probe Studies of Single NanostructuresG. S. McCarty and P. S. WeissView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 7, 1983–1990Publication Date (Web):June 12, 1999Publication History Received26 March 1999Revised5 May 1999Published online12 June 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970110xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970110xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views884Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Nanoparticles,Nanostructures,Probes,Scanning probe microscopy,Scanning tunneling microscopy Get e-Alerts
A Study of Monitor Functions for Two-Dimensional Adaptive Mesh Generation (1999)

In this paper we study the problem of two-dimensional adaptive mesh generation using a variational approach and, specifically, the effect that the monitor function has on the resulting mesh behavior. The basic theoretical tools employed are Green's function for elliptic problems and the eigendecomposition of symmetric positive definite matrices. Based upon this study, a general strategy is suggested for how to choose the monitor function, and numerical results are presented for illustrative purposes.The three-dimensional case is also briefly discussed. It is noted that the strategy used here can be applied to other elliptic mesh generation techniques as well.
A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the equilibria and kinetics of the reaction of penicillamine with cystine and related disulfides (1985)

The thiol/disulfide exchange reactions of penicillamine (PSH) with cystine and several related disulfides (RSSR) have been studied by 1 H nmr. The reactions take place in two steps:[Formula: see text]The equilibria and kinetics of the reactions of PSH with cystine were characterized over the pH range 5–8, while the reactions with the disulfides of cysteamine, homocysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and mercaptosuccinic acid were studied at neutral pH. From the pH dependence of the rate of the reaction of PSH with cystine, the reactive species are identified as penicillamine with its amino group protonated and its thiol group deprotonated and cystine and penicillamine–cysteine mixed disulfide with their amino groups protonated. For all the disulfides studied, the extent to which the first reaction occurs is within a factor of 2–3 of that predicted by a random distribution, while the extent to which the second reaction occurs is considerably less than for a random distribution. This is attributed to steric effects due to the two methyl groups next to the sulfur of penicillamine.
Unilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson disease: a double-blind 12-month evaluation study (2004)

Unilateral DBS of the STN is safe and well tolerated, and may provide sufficient benefit so that additional surgery is not required.
Case study of intense scintillation events on the OTS path (1990)

Selected events of enhanced field amplitude fluctuations recorded on the Orbital Test Satellite (OTS) path have been analyzed. The statistical properties of the beacon signals together with their correlation with the concurrent radiometric signal suggest that both scintillation and a variable attenuation mechanism act to produce the field fluctuations. Analysis of the coherence between the beacon and the radiometric signals gives an indication of the fluctuation frequency range over which each effect prevails. The comparison between scintillation data collected by a large (17 m) and a small (3 m) antenna indicates that the turbulence of the refractive index was particularly high during the course of the considered events.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Screening the Molecular Targets of Ovarian Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis (2015)

We propose that 4 DEGs (OGN, ZIC1, SOX17, and TFAP2A) and 2 functions (oxygen transport and embryonic development) might play a role in the development of OC. These 4 DEGs and known OC-related genes might serve as therapeutic targets for OC. Further studies are required to validate these predictions.
Predictors of response to TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis - do we have new tools for personalized medicine? (2012)

The use of biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has grown constantly since the approval of the first therapeutic monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in 1996. While these agents transformed RA treatment, not all patients respond to these agents. Moreover, the cost of these agents is high, and some patients may suffer from adverse events. Thus, the prediction of individual response to biological treatment has become a major clinical challenge in RA. Recent studies have provided evidence that biomarkers may be identified predictive of the response to therapy with these agents. This article will review some of the recent advances in the biomarkers and therapeutic drug monitoring as predictors of response to TNF inhibitor therapies in patients with RA.
Cutting Edge: DGYW/WRCH Is a Better Predictor of Mutability at G:C Bases in Ig Hypermutation Than the Widely Accepted RGYW/WRCY Motif and Probably Reflects a Two-Step Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase-Triggered Process (2004)

A feature of Ig hypermutation is the presence of hypermutable DNA sequences that are preferentially found in the V regions of Ig genes. Among these, RGYW/WRCY is the most pronounced motif (G:C is a mutable position; R=A/G, Y=C/T, and W=A/T). However, a molecular basis for the high mutability of RGYW was not known until recently. The discovery that activation-induced cytidine deaminase targets the DNA encoding V regions, has enabled the analysis of its targeting properties when expressed outside of the context of hypermutation. We analyzed these data and found evidence that activation-induced cytidine deaminase is the major source of the RGYW mutable motif, but with a new twist: DGYW/WRCH (G:C is the mutable position; D=A/G/T, H=T/C/A) is a better descriptor of the Ig mutation hotspot than RGYW/WRCY. We also found evidence that a DNA repair enzyme may play a role in modifying the sequence of hypermutation hotspots.
Evaluation of a panel of 28 biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis (2012)

In plasma samples obtained during menstruation, multivariate analysis of four biomarkers (annexin V, VEGF, CA-125 and sICAM-1/or glycodelin) enabled the diagnosis of endometriosis undetectable by US with a sensitivity of 81-90% and a specificity of 63-81% in independent training- and test data set. The next step is to apply these models for preoperative prediction of endometriosis in an independent set of patients with infertility and/or pain without US evidence of endometriosis, scheduled for laparoscopy.
Large-Scale, Multiplexed Electrical Detection of Proteins and Viruses by Ultrasensitive Nanowire Sensor Arrays (2006)

Abstract not Available.
The molecular basis for the difference in charge between pre-beta- and alpha-migrating high density lipoproteins. (1994)

Several subspecies of human high density lipoprotein (HDL) exist, and particle surface charge is one parameter that can be used to distinguish them. For instance, pre-beta HDL has a lower negative surface charge than the bulk of plasma HDL resulting in slower migration when subjected to electrophoresis in an agarose gel at pH 8.6. The molecular basis for the variations in HDL particle surface charge have been established in this work. Quantitative analysis of electrophoretic mobilities in agarose gels indicates that the surface potentials of reconstituted pre-beta HDL and alpha-HDL3 are -7.6 and -11.4 mV, respectively. The difference of 3.8 mV corresponds to an apparent 1e more net negative charge on alpha-migrating HDL3. The contributions of the lipid and protein components to the charge of HDL3 were defined using reconstituted particles (rHDL) containing various combinations of HDL3 protein and lipid. The surface potentials of spherical and discoidal rHDL are not affected by the particle apoprotein composition. Thin layer chromatography of the HDL3 phospholipid fraction from five normolipidemic subjects revealed that it consists of approximately 84% phosphatidylcholine, 12% sphingomyelin, and 4% phosphatidylinositol (PI) by weight. PI significantly affects the charge of discoidal rHDL and is responsible for approximately 0.7 mV of the surface potential difference between pre-beta- and alpha-HDL. Reconstitution of spherical complexes containing apolipoprotein AI, palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and HDL3 neutral lipid esters showed that particles containing a neutral lipid core migrate to an alpha position in an agarose gel. The change in particle shape accounts for approximately 3 mV of the difference in surface potential between pre-beta and alpha-HDL. Overall, the charge of HDL particles is determined by 1) a direct contribution of negative charge from PI molecules in the surface of the lipoprotein and 2) the conformation of the resident apolipoprotein(s) which is influenced by the presence of neutral lipids and the particle shape. This quantitative understanding of surface charge provides a basis for understanding variations in function of HDL subspecies.