gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and properties of ferredoxinTOL. A component of toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F1. (1985)

Toluene dioxygenase oxidizes toluene to (+)-cis-1(S),2(R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene. This reaction is catalyzed by a multienzyme system that is induced in cells of Pseudomonas putida F1 during growth on toluene. One of the components of toluene dioxygenase has been purified to homogeneity and shown to be an iron-sulfur protein that has been designated ferredoxinTOL. The molecular weight of ferredoxinTOL was calculated to be 15,300, and the purified protein was shown to contain 2 g of atoms each of iron- and acid-labile sulfur which appear to be organized as a single [2Fe-2S]cluster. Solutions of ferredoxinTOL were brown in color and showed absorption maxima at 277, 327, and 460 nm. A shoulder in the spectrum of the oxidized protein was discernible at 575 nm. Reduction with sodium dithionite or NADH and ferredoxinTOL reductase resulted in a decrease in visible absorbance at 460 and 575 nm, with a concomitant shift in absorption maxima to 382 and 438 nm. The redox potential of ferredoxinTOL was estimated to be -109 mV. In the oxidized state, the protein is diamagnetic. However, upon reduction it exhibited prominent electron paramagnetic resonance signals with anisotropy in g values (gx = 1.81, gy = 1.86, and gz = 2.01). Anaerobic reductive titrations revealed that ferredoxinTOL is a one-electron carrier that accepts electrons from NADH in a reaction that is mediated by a flavoprotein (ferredoxinTOL reductase). The latter is the first component in the toluene dioxygenase system. Reduced ferredoxinTOL can transfer electrons to cytochrome c or to a terminal iron-sulfur dioxygenase (ISP-TOL) which catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen into toluene and related aromatic substrates.
Platelets: An Update on Diagnosis and Management of Thrombocytopenic Disorders (2001)

Thrombocytopenia in the pregnant patient may result from a number of causes, most of which involve either immune-mediated platelet destruction or platelet consumption. Many of these disorders share clinical and laboratory features, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Moreover, uterine evacuation is indicated in the therapy of some disorders, while in others alternative interventions may allow the pregnancy to be carried to term. These and other issues are discussed as part of a comprehensive review of the differential diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. The term "refractory ITP" is used with reference to two distinct groups of patients: 1) patients in whom the platelet count cannot be easily increased, including those who are poorly responsive to initial single agent treatment, and 2) those with persistent thrombocytopenia despite the use of conventional therapies. An approach to management of the former group will be presented, followed by a discussion of patients with chronic refractory ITP. The latter will include presentation of new data on the role of Helicobacter pylori in ITP and whether its treatment ameliorates thrombocytopenia, as well as the use of rituximab and other modalities. Thrombotic microangiopathies such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are rare, but life threatening causes of thrombocytopenia. Ultra-large multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) aggregate platelets intravascularly, and congenital or immune-mediated deficiencies of a metalloprotease that cleaves these ultra-large multimers may cause TTP. However, little information exists concerning the behavior of this protease in other physiological and pathological conditions. Levels of this protease have now been measured in healthy individuals of different ages, full-term newborns, pregnant women and a patients with variety of pathologic conditions, and these data will be reviewed herein. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT/T) remains the most common antibody-mediated, drug-induced thrombocytopenic disorder, and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Based on clinical correlations and murine models, there is increasing evidence that antibodies to complexes between platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin cause HIT/T, and the molecular composition of the relevant antigen has also become better defined. However, the introduction of sensitive ELISAs to measure anti-PF4/heparin antibodies has complicated diagnosis in some settings in which the incidence of such antibodies in unaffected patients exceeds the incidence of the disease. In addition, the FDA approval of Lepirudin and Argatroban has expanded the repertoire of agents available for therapy of HIT/T and may change the approach to management of asymptomatic patients with thrombocytopenia. However, the optimal use of these drugs in commonly encountered settings remains in evolution, and a need for alternative approaches to prevention and treatment is evident.
Inhibition of Gene Expression by Alkylphosphonate Oligonucleotide Analogs with RNase-Like Activity (1989)

Abstract : The technical objectives was to synthesize an anti-viral oligonucleotide compound based on the sequence specificity of the target messenger RNA which would take advantage of the chemical instability of the m- RNA molecule. Anti-viral agents are required for control of AIDS in military populations. Oligonucleotides have been developed which, with appropriate linkers, show promising results in vitro for lowering INFECTIVITY IN CELL CULTURES. Keywords: Nucleic Acid Probes, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Hyman immunodeficiency virus, Immunosuppression, Virsus diseases.
Useful-skew clock routing with gate sizing for low power design (1996)

Instead of zero-skew or assuming a fixed skew bound, we seek to produce useful skews in clock routing. This is motivated by the fact that negative skew may allow a larger timing budget for gate sizing. We construct a useful-skew tree (UST) such that the total clock and logic power (measured as a cost function) is minimized. Given a required clock period and feasible gate sizes, a set of negative and positive skew bounds are generated. The allowable skews within these bounds and feasible gate sizes form the feasible solution space of our problem. We use a merging segment perturbation procedure and a simulated annealing approach to explore various tree configurations. This is complemented by a bi-partitioning heuristic to generate appropriate connection topology and take advantage of useful skews. Experimental results have shown 11% to 22% total power reduction over previous methods of clock routing with zero-skew or single fixed skew bound and separately sizing logic gates.
Visual recognition of obstacles on roads (2002)

As part of a driver support system for motor vehicles on freeways, an obstacle recognition system was developed within the EUREKA project PROMETHEUS over the last four years. The obstacle recognition system uses a single monochrome TV camera and a multi-processor robot vision system. The recognition system includes a road tracker and an obstacle detector that were described elsewhere, and an object classification and tracking module presented here. The module is based on generic 2D object models. It recognizes obstacles in real time and from distances of 200 to 300 m, sufficient for high-speed driving. The module was extensively tested in real-world scenes on the German Autobahn and on various other roads, including city streets with dense traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A bacterial toxicity assay performed with microplates, microluminometry and Microtox reagent. (1994)

We have developed a procedure for undertaking a Microtox-based test by coupling microplate and microluminometric technologies. Sample dilutions are prepared in a 96-well polystyrene microplate kept at 15 degrees C, while the Microtox reagent and diluent are placed in an opaque, microluminometry-compatible 96-well microplate also kept at 15 degrees C. Exposure begins when sample aliquots are brought into contact with bacterial reagents in the opaque microplate. After specific exposure times (5, 15, 30 and 60 min), bacterial luminescence is rapidly measured by placing the opaque microplate in a microluminometer. Reproducibility of the procedure, as well as general agreement of EC50 end-point values with published reports, is demonstrated herein after toxicity trials with six metals (Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr6+). Results suggest that a 60-min exposure time may have value in getting more "sensitivity mileage" out of this Microtox-based assay. This microplate procedure possesses attractive features that augment sample throughput and information output. Further refinement and validation studies are ongoing in our laboratories.
The Gag protein PEG10 binds to RNA and regulates trophoblast stem cell lineage specification (2019)

Peg10 (paternally expressed gene 10) is an imprinted gene that is essential for placental development. It is thought to derive from a Ty3-gyspy LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposon and retains Gag and Pol-like domains. Here we show that the Gag domain of PEG10 can promote vesicle budding similar to the HIV p24 Gag protein. Expressed in a subset of mouse endocrine organs in addition to the placenta, PEG10 was identified as a substrate of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X. Consistent with PEG10 having a critical role in placental development, PEG10-deficient trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) exhibited impaired differentiation into placental lineages. PEG10 expressed in wild-type, differentiating TSCs was bound to many cellular RNAs including Hbegf (Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor), which is known to play an important role in placentation. Expression of Hbegf was reduced in PEG10-deficient TSCs suggesting that PEG10 might bind to and stabilize RNAs that are critical for normal placental development.
Nrf2-Keap1 pathway promotes cell proliferation and diminishes ferroptosis (2017)

Cancer cells are hallmarked by high proliferation and imbalanced redox consumption and signaling. Various oncogenic pathways such as proliferation and evading cell death converge on redox-dependent signaling processes. Nrf2 is a key regulator in these redox-dependent events and operates in cytoprotection, drug metabolism and malignant progression in cancer cells. Here, we show that patients with primary malignant brain tumors (glioblastomas, WHO °IV gliomas, GBM) have a devastating outcome and overall reduced survival when Nrf2 levels are upregulated. Nrf2 overexpression or Keap1 knockdown in glioma cells accelerate proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Further, activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling upregulates xCT (aka SLC7A11 or system X<sub>c</sub><sup>-</sup>) and amplifies glutamate secretion thereby impacting on the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, both fostered Nrf2 expression and conversely Keap1 inhibition promote resistance to ferroptosis. Altogether, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway operates as a switch for malignancy in gliomas promoting cell proliferation and resistance to cell death processes such as ferroptosis. Our data demonstrate that the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is critical for cancer cell growth and operates on xCT. Nrf2 presents the Achilles' heel of cancer cells and thus provides a valid therapeutic target for sensitizing cancer for chemotherapeutics.
gp91phox-Containing NADPH Oxidase Mediates Endothelial Dysfunction in Renovascular Hypertension (2004)

These data indicate that the formation of O2- by the endothelial gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase accounts for the reduced NO bioavailability in the 2K1C model and contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension and endothelial dysfunction.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of interleukin-1 in recurrence of bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis in rats (1991)

A specific interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was used to examine the roles of IL-1 in an experimental model designed to analyze the reactivation phase of erosive arthritis, induced in rats with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers (PG-APS) isolated from cell walls of group A streptococci. Monoarticular arthritis was initiated by injection of a small dose of PG-APS into an ankle joint, and reactivation was induced by intravenous injection of PG-APS 20 days later. Human recombinant IL-1ra given at a dose of 2 to 3 mg/kg at the time of reactivation of arthritis and at 6-h intervals inhibits the increase in joint swelling by at least 60%. Joint swelling is suppressed 30 to 50% when the initial treatment with IL-1ra is delayed until 6 h after reactivation. IL-1ra is not effective when the initial injection is delayed 12 or 24 h. With an injection schedule of IL-1ra given at the time of reactivation and every 6 h, treatment can be stopped at 24 h and the suppression of swelling is no different from that in rats for which injections are continued for 4 days. The results indicate that IL-1 has a prominent, although not exclusive, role in initiating inflammation in this model and is involved in the amplifying processes in progressive inflammation and chronic erosive disease. An anti-inflammatory function of IL-1 is also indicated from data showing that IL-1ra treatment limited to 6 h or less after the induction of reactivation enhances joint swelling, whereas intravenous injection of human recombinant IL-1 beta 24 h before reactivation suppresses the reactivation of arthritis.
Distributed multimedia computing: an assessment of the state of the art (1991)

Distributed multimedia computing is seen as the next generation of information technology. This new technology has both the potential to create new application areas and augment those that already exist. This paper introduces multimedia and describes the characteristics of multimedia information. T hose application areas where this new technology is having a significant impact are also discussed along with an evaluation of the current state of the art.
The western alliance and the challenge of combating terrorism (1997)

The author begins by seeking to explain why terrorism has risen higher in the hierarchy of ‘global issues’ at a time when the trend in international terrorist incidents, those involving the territory or citizens of more than one country, is declining. The second part of the article surveys what the Western Alliance is doing to combat terrorism, and concludes that although much has been achieved by improved international cooperation in counterterrorism more efforts are needed to deal with crises and conflicts which, if left to languish, can lead to violence and terrorism.
Single-mode fibre optic directional coupler (1980)

A technique is presented for the fabrication of single-mode fibre optic directional couplers. Properties of couplers made using this technique include stability and durability, continuous tunability to a power transfer of 70%, less than 10% loss, high insensitivity to polarisation, and high directivity.
Selective reduction of dormant maternal mRNAs in mouse oocytes by RNA interference (2000)

Specific mRNA degradation mediated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is termed RNA interference (RNAi), is a useful tool with which to study gene function in several systems. We report here that in mouse oocytes, RNAi provides a suitable and robust approach to study the function of dormant maternal mRNAs. Mos (originally known as c-mos) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, Plat) mRNAs are dormant maternal mRNAs that are recruited during oocyte maturation; translation of Mos mRNA results in the activation of MAP kinase. dsRNA directed towards Mos or Plat mRNAs in mouse oocytes effectively results in the specific reduction of the targeted mRNA in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, dsRNA is more potent than either sense or antisense RNAs. Targeting the Mos mRNA results in inhibiting the appearance of MAP kinase activity and can result in parthenogenetic activation. Mos dsRNA, therefore, faithfully phenocopies the Mos null mutant. Targeting the Plat mRNA with Plat dsRNA results in inhibiting production of tPA activity. Finally, effective reduction of the Mos and Plat mRNA is observed with stoichiometric amounts of Mos and Plat dsRNA, respectively.
Blockade of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8. (2000)

We determined whether blockade of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/relA activity in human ovarian cancer cells can suppress angiogenesis and growth in an orthotopic nude mouse model. The human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3ip.1 and HEY-A8 were transfected with a mutated IkappaBalpha (IkappaBalphaM), ie., resistant to phosphorylation and degradation, and hence blocks NF-kappaB activity. NF-kappaB signaling blockade significantly inhibited in vitro and in vivo expression of two major proangiogenic molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, in cultured cells and in cells implanted into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. The decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8 directly correlated with decreased tumorigenicity, decreased vascularization of lesions, decreased formation of malignant ascites, and prolonged survival of mice. These findings suggest that inhibition of NF-kappaB/relA activity in ovarian cancer cells can suppress angiogenesis and progressive growth.
Pre-β-HDL stimulates placental lactogen release from human trophoblast cells (1999)

To examine whether pre-beta-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be involved in regulation of human placental lactogen (hPL) release, pre-beta-HDL was isolated from term pregnancy serum, and the effect of purified pre-beta-HDL on hPL release from trophoblast cells was examined after 1 h of exposure. Pre-beta-HDL stimulated a dose-dependent increase in hPL release with half-maximal stimulation at a dose of 300-400 microgram/ml, which is within the normal physiological range during pregnancy. Analysis of pre-beta-HDL and alpha-HDL in serum from pregnant women at different stages of gestation (determined by Western blot analysis) indicated that the pre-beta-HDL-to-alpha-HDL ratio increased linearly after the 10th week of gestation (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), reaching a maximum sixfold greater than that of nonpregnant women. The increase in serum pre-beta-HDL during pregnancy paralleled that of plasma hPL concentrations (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Two-dimensional electrophoresis indicated that the increase in pre-beta-HDL was due primarily to an increase in pre-beta1-HDL and pre-beta2-HDL, two of the three forms of pre-beta-HDL present in blood. These results suggest a role for pre-beta-HDL in the regulation of hPL expression during pregnancy.
Mutation of the pancreatic islet inward rectifier Kir6.2 also leads to familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (1996)

Closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic islet beta-cells initiates a cascade of events that leads to insulin secretion. beta-Cell ATP-sensitive potassium currents can be reconstituted by coexpression of the inward rectifier Kir6.2 and the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily. Mutations in SUR have been identified in individuals affected with familial persistent hyper-insulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder of glucose metabolism which is linked to chromosome 11p15.1 and characterized by unregulated secretion of insulin and profound hypoglycemia. Because the Kir6.2 locus is within 5 kilobases (kb) of the SUR gene on chromosome 11p15.1 and it is a necessary member of the beta-cell KATP channel, we considered Kir6.2 as a candidate gene for PHHL we identified a homozygous point mutation in Kir6.2 in the genomic DNA of a child, severely affected with PHHI, from a consanguineous family. This mutation is predicted to disrupt the conserved alpha-helical second transmembrane (M2) domain of the inward rectifier by substitution of a proline for a leucine residue (L147P). Mutation of Kir6.2, like SUR, appears to lead to the PHHI phenotype suggesting that Kir6.2 is necessary, although not sufficient, for normal regulation of insulin release.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Erlotinib Alone or With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients Who Were Never or Light Former Smokers With Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: CALGB 30406 Trial (2012)

Erlotinib and erlotinib plus chemotherapy have similar efficacy in clinically selected populations of patients with advanced NSCLC. EGFR mutations identify patients most likely to benefit.
Using model checking to analyze network vulnerabilities (2002)

Even well administered networks are vulnerable to attacks due to the security ramifications of offering a variety of combined services. That is, services that are secure when offered in isolation nonetheless provide an attacker with a vulnerability to exploit when offered simultaneously. Many current tools address vulnerabilities in the context of a single host. We address vulnerabilities due to the configuration of various hosts in a network. In a different line of research, formal methods are often useful for generating test cases, and model checkers are particularly adept at this task due to their ability to generate counterexamples. We address the network vulnerabilities problem with test cases, which amount to attack scenarios, generated by a model checker. We encode the vulnerabilities in a state machine description suitable for a model checker and then assert that an attacker cannot acquire a given privilege on a given host. The model checker either offers assurance that the assertion is true on the actual network or provides a counterexample detailing each step of a successful attack.
Adsorption of 4-Methoxybenzylcyanide on Silver and Gold Surfaces Investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of 4-Methoxybenzylcyanide on Silver and Gold Surfaces Investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyDong Hee Son, Sang Jung Ahn, Young Joo Lee, and Kwan KimCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 34, 8488–8493Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100085a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100085a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts