gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hofmeister Anions on the LCST of PNIPAM as a Function of Molecular Weight (2007)

The effect of a series of sodium salts on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM, was investigated as a function of molecular weight and polymer concentration with a temperature gradient microfluidic device under a dark-field microscope. In solutions containing sufficient concentrations of kosmotropic anions, the phase transition of PNIPAM was resolved into two separate steps for higher molecular weight samples. The first step of this two step transition was found to be sensitive to the polymer's molecular weight and solution concentration, while the second step was not. Moreover, the binding of chaotropic anions to the polymer was also influenced by molecular weight. Both sets of results could be explained by the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding between polymer chains. By contrast, the hydrophobic hydration of the isopropyl moieties and polymer backbone was found to be unaffected by either the polymer's molecular weight or solution concentration.
SHAP Potentiates the CD44-mediated Leukocyte Adhesion to the Hyaluronan Substratum (2006)

CD44-hyaluronan (HA) interaction is involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Regulation of interacting avidity is well studied on CD44 but rarely on HA. We discovered a unique covalent modification of HA with a protein, SHAP, that corresponds to the heavy chains of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family molecules circulating in blood. Formation of the SHAP.HA complex is often associated with inflammation, a well known process involving the CD44-HA interaction. We therefore examined the effect of SHAP on the CD44-HA interaction-mediated lymphocyte adhesion. Under both static and flowing conditions, Hut78 cells (CD44-positive) and CD44-transfected Jurkat cells (originally CD44-negative) adhered preferentially to the immobilized SHAP.HA complex than to HA. The enhanced adhesion is exclusively mediated by the CD44-HA interaction, because it was inhibited by HA, but not IalphaI, and was completely abolished by pretreating the cells with anti-CD44 antibodies. SHAP appears to potentiate the interaction by increasing the avidity of HA to CD44 and altering their distribution on cell surfaces. Large amounts of the SHAP.HA complex accumulate in the hyperplastic synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Leukocytes infiltrated to the synovium were strongly positive for HA, SHAP, and CD44 on their surfaces, suggesting a role for the adhesion-enhancing effect of SHAP in pathogenesis.
Rational design, analysis, and potential utility of GM-CSF antagonists. (1996)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important cytokine involved in many immune and inflammatory processes and is believed to act in the early stages of immune responses. GM-CSF stimulates antigen-presenting cells, enhancing antigen presentation and inducing macrophage tumoricidal activity. GM-CSF binds to specific cellular receptors that are potential targets for pharmacological design. Rational design of small-molecule mimics is an important approach to pharmacophore design. One of the strategies in the development of small-molecular mimics of larger polypeptyde ligands is analysis of alternative ligands that bind the same site as does the native ligand. Molecular studies of GM-CSF-receptor interactions have led to the development of interaction site analogs and the development of an "anti-anti-GM-CSF" recombinant antibody (rAb) analog of a site on GM-CSF important for biological activity and receptor binding. This rAb and a peptide derived from the rAb first complementarity determining region (CDR) sequence bind to a monoclonal anti-GM-CSF antibody that mimics the GM-CSFR alpha chain, compete with GM-CSF for binding to GM-CSF receptor alpha chain (GM-CSFR alpha), and are specific biological antagonists. Molecular modeling of the rAb suggests structural similarity with a site previously implicated in GM-CSF binding to the GM-CSFR alpha. Two cyclic peptides, 1785 and 1786, also were developed on the basis of structural analysis of the GM-CSF region mimicked by anti-anti-GM-CSF recombinant antibody (rAb) 23.2. These peptides were designed to mimic structurally the positions of specific residues on the B and C helicies of human GM-CSF implicated in receptor binding and bioactivity. Both 1785 and 1786 were recognized specifically by polyclonal anti-GM-CSF antibody. 1786 also competitively inhibited binding of GM-CSF to the GM-CSF receptor and demonstrated antagonist bioactivity, as shown by its reversal of GM-CSF's ability to inhibit apoptosis of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line MO7E. These studies support the role of residues on the GM-CSF B and C helicies in receptor binding and bioactivity and suggest strategies for mimicking binding sites on four-helix bundle proteins with cyclic peptides.
Tetracyclines. V.1 A Total Synthesis of (±)-6-Deoxy-6-demethyltetracycline (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetracyclines. V.1 A Total Synthesis of (±)-6-Deoxy-6-demethyltetracyclineHans Muxfeldt and Werner RogalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 4, 933–934Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01082a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01082a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an edible mushroom). (1970)

Summary Six polysaccharide preparations, lentinan, LC-11, LC-12, LC-13, EC-11, and EC-14, were isolated from the water-soluble extracts of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing., an edible mushroom, by fractional precipitation with ethanol and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, fractional solubilization with acetic acid, and diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. The first two polysaccharide preparations have a strong antitumor effect; lentinan, especially, markedly inhibited the growth of Sarcoma 180 implanted s.c. in mice, inducing almost complete regression of tumors at doses of 1 mg/kg × 10 with no sign of toxicity. LC-11 was also effective in 5 to 25 mg/kg × 10 doses. The purity and properties of these antitumor polysaccharides are discussed.
Analysis of multi-spectral photoplethysmograph biosensors (2013)

Multi-spectral photoplethysmograph biosensor intended for analysis of peripheral blood volume pulsations at different vascular depths has been experimentally tested. Light emitting diodes with four different wavelengths were used as the light emitters. A single photodiode with multi-channel signal output processing was used as the light detector. This study analyzed rising time difference between wavelengths at systole maximum, wavelengths relations between systole and diastole peak difference. The proposed methodology is discussed.
VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic protein with therapeutic potential in ischemic disorders, including stroke. VEGF confers neuroprotection and promotes neurogenesis and cerebral angiogenesis, but the manner in which these effects may interact in the ischemic brain is poorly understood. We produced focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes in the adult rat brain and measured infarct size, neurological function, BrdU labeling of neuroproliferative zones, and vWF-immunoreactive vascular profiles, without and with intracerebroventricular administration of VEGF on days 1-3 of reperfusion. VEGF reduced infarct size, improved neurological performance, enhanced the delayed survival of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, and stimulated angiogenesis in the striatal ischemic penumbra, but not the dentate gyrus. We conclude that in the ischemic brain VEGF exerts an acute neuroprotective effect, as well as longer latency effects on survival of new neurons and on angiogenesis, and that these effects appear to operate independently. VEGF may, therefore, improve histological and functional outcome from stroke through multiple mechanisms.
Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5 (2009)

NMR fingerprinting of the components of finely divided plant cell walls swelled in DMSO has been recently described. Cell wall gels, produced directly in the NMR tube with perdeutero-dimethylsulfoxide, allowed the acquisition of well resolved/dispersed 2D (13)C-(1)H correlated solution-state NMR spectra of the entire array of wall polymers, without the need for component fractionation. That is, without actual solubilization, and without apparent structural modification beyond that inflicted by the ball milling and ultrasonication steps, satisfactorily interpretable spectra can be acquired that reveal compositional and structural details regarding the polysaccharide and lignin components in the wall. Here, the profiling method has been improved by using a mixture of perdeuterated DMSO and pyridine (4 : 1, v/v). Adding pyridine provided not only easier sample handling because of the better mobility compared to the DMSO-d(6)-only system but also considerably elevated intensities and improved resolution of the NMR spectra due to the enhanced swelling of the cell walls. This modification therefore provides a more rapid method for comparative structural evaluation of plant cell walls than is currently available. We examined loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, a gymnosperm), aspen (Populus tremuloides, an angiosperm), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus, an herbaceous plant), and corn (Zea mays L., a grass, i.e., from the Poaceae family). In principle, lignin composition (notably, the syringyl : guaiacyl : p-hydroxyphenyl ratio) can be quantified without the need for lignin isolation. Correlations for p-coumarate units in the corn sample are readily seen, and a variety of the ferulate correlations are also well resolved; ferulates are important components responsible for cell wall cross-linking in grasses. Polysaccharide anomeric correlations were tentatively assigned for each plant sample based on standard samples and various literature data. With the new potential for chemometric analysis using the 2D NMR fingerprint, this gel-state method may provide the basis for an attractive approach to providing a secondary screen for selecting biomass lines and for optimizing biomass processing and conversion efficiencies.
The efficacy of radiofrequency lesioning of the cervical spinal dorsal root ganglion in a double blinded randomized study: no difference between 40°C and 67°C treatments (1997)

The efficacy of radiofrequency lesion treatment of the cervical dorsal root ganglion (RF-DRG) in cervicobrachialgia was investigated in 61 patients by a randomized prospective double blinded study. Before lesion treatment the putative pain provoking spinal root was identified by diagnostic blocks with a local anesthetic agent. One group of patients (n = 32, group I) was treated with a radiofrequency lesion of 67 degrees C and in a control group (n = 29, group II) a temperature of 40 degrees C was applied. Three months after treatment a significant reduction in VAS scores was demonstrated in both groups. The outcome of the treatments was identical (VAS reduction: group I, 1.7; group II, 1.9; P = 0.001). In group I a VAS reduction of 3 or more occurred in 11/31 (34%) and in group II in 11/29 (38%) of patients. A VAS reduction of 2 or more occurred in group I in 15/31 (47%) and in group II in 15/29 (51%) of patients. This study suggests that treatment with 40 degrees C radiofrequency application of the dorsal root ganglion is equally effective as treatment at 67 degrees C. Further appraisal of this treatment is required.
Selective perturbation of ligand field excited states in polypyridine ruthenium(II) complexes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective perturbation of ligand field excited states in polypyridine ruthenium(II) complexesLeslie J. Henderson Jr., Frank R. Fronczek, and William R. CherryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 20, 5876–5879Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00332a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00332a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1408Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Glassy dynamics in DNA: Ruled by water of hydration? (1999)

Inelastic neutron scattering spectra of DNA-fibers are analyzed using ideas formulated recently in the field of the glass transition. The analysis reveals two temperatures, namely, T∼180–200 K and T∼230 K, at which the dynamics of DNA exhibits qualitative changes. The former is similar to the glass transition temperature, whereas the latter is similar to the crossover temperature recognized now as an important point for the dynamics of the glass transition. Exactly in this temperature range many other hydrated biopolymers show some dynamic transition and strong slowing down of their functions. The crossover temperature appears to be close to the crossover temperature of bulk water. A possible relation of the dynamic transition to functions of biomolecules and also to the dynamic transition in the hydration shell is discussed.
S‐Carboxymethylation of proteins transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes followed by in situ protease digestion and amino acid microsequencing (1992)

S-Carboxymethylation of immobilized proteins, separated by gel electrophoresis and transblotted to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes is described. In situ protease digestion was used to produce peptide fragments in high yields that were suitable for microsequencing. These fragments could also be used to produce peptide maps, obtained by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), that exhibited excellent reproducibility and were comparable to results obtained from digestions in solution. This technique makes it possible to identify Cys residues during Edman degradation. Approximately 70% of the amino acid residues from a protein were determined using only 50-200 pmol. Sufficient information for production of oligonucleotide probes was obtained using 10-50 pmol of material applied to a polyacrylamide gel.
Controlled Rupture of Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules for Drug Delivery (2008)

In this study, a magnetic-sensitive microcapsule was prepared using Fe 3O 4/poly(allylamine) (Fe 3O 4/PAH) polyelectrolyte to construct the shell. Structural integrity, microstructural evolution, and corresponding release behaviors of fluorescence dyes and doxorubicin were systematically investigated. Experimental observations showed that the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles in the shell structure allowed the shell structure to evolve from nanocavity development to final rupture of the shell under a given magnetic stimulus of different time durations. Such a microstructural evolution of the magnetic sensitive shell structure explained a corresponding variation of the drug release profile, from relatively slow release to burst-like behavior at different stages of stimulus. It has proposed that the presence of magnetic nanoparticles produced heat, due to magnetic energy dissipation (as Brown and Neel relaxations), and mechanical vibration and motion that induced stress development in the thin shell. Both mechanisms significantly accelerated the relaxation of the shell structure, causing such a microstructural evolution. With such a controllable microstructural evolution of the magnetic-sensitive shell structure, active substances can be well-regulated in a manageable manner with a designable profile according to the time duration under magnetic field. A cell culture study also indicated that the magnetic-sensitive microcapsules allowed a rapid uptake by the A549 cell line, a cancerous cell line, suggesting that the magnetic-sensitive microcapsule with controllable rupturing behavior of the shell offers a potential and effective drug carrier for anticancer applications.
Experimental ultrasound characterization of tissue-mimicking phantoms with high scatterer volume fractions (2012)

International audience
Gammaretroviral Vectors: Biology, Technology and Application (2011)

Retroviruses are evolutionary optimized gene carriers that have naturally adapted to their hosts to efficiently deliver their nucleic acids into the target cell chromatin, thereby overcoming natural cellular barriers. Here we will review-starting with a deeper look into retroviral biology-how Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV), a simple gammaretrovirus, can be converted into an efficient vehicle of genetic therapeutics. Furthermore, we will describe how more rational vector backbones can be designed and how these so-called self-inactivating vectors can be pseudotyped and produced. Finally, we will provide an overview on existing clinical trials and how biosafety can be improved.
Bortezomib enhances dendritic cell (DC)–mediated induction of immunity to human myeloma via exposure of cell surface heat shock protein 90 on dying tumor cells: therapeutic implications (2007)

Most anticancer chemotherapies are immunosuppressive and induce nonimmunogenic tumor cell death. Bortezomib, a specific inhibitor of 26S proteasome, has shown clinical activity in several human tumors, including myeloma. Here we show that the uptake of human myeloma cells by dendritic cells (DCs) after tumor cell death by bortezomib, but not gamma irradiation or steroids, leads to the induction of antitumor immunity, including against primary tumor cells, without the need for any additional adjuvants. The delivery of activating signal from bortezomib-killed tumor cells to DCs depends on cell-cell contact between DCs and dying tumor cells and is mediated by bortezomib-induced exposure of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) on the surface of dying cells. The combination of bortezomib and geldanamycin (an hsp90 inhibitor) leads to greater apoptosis of tumor cells but abrogates their immunogenicity. These data identify drug-induced exposure of endogenous heat shock proteins on the surface of dying cells as a mechanism of immunogenic death of human tumors. Specific targeting of bortezomib to tumors may enhance their immunogenicity and the induction of antitumor immunity.
Pentraxin family of proteins interact specifically with phosphorylcholine and/or phosphorylethanolamine (1992)

Pentraxins are a family of serum proteins characterized by five identical subunits that are noncovalently linked. The two major types of pentraxins are C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP). CRP proteins are identified by their calcium-dependent interaction with phosphorylcholine. This study showed that SAP also bound to phosphorylated compounds but had a high specificity for phosphorylethanolamine. Thus, human CRP and SAP show high specificity that is complementary for the related compounds, phosphorylcholine and phosphorylethanolamine, respectively. This relationship suggests a complementary and/or related function for the pentraxins. Pentraxins from other species were also examined. Mouse SAP showed binding interactions and specificity similar to human SAP. Female protein (FP) from hamster and rat CRP showed a hybrid specificity and bound to both phosphorylethanolamine and phosphorylcholine. All of the proteins that bound phosphorylethanolamine also associated with human C4b-binding protein (C4BP). With the exception of human and rat CRP, all the proteins also bound to vesicles containing acidic phospholipids. All of these binding interactions were calcium-dependent and mutually exclusive, suggesting that they involved the same site on the protein. These findings suggest possible ways to examine the function of the pentraxins.
Cell-cell interactions in synovitis: Interactions between T cells and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

In rheumatoid arthritis, T cells and B cells participate in the immune responses evolving in the synovial lesions. Interaction between T cells and B cells is probably antigen specific because complex microstructures typical of secondary lymphoid organs are generated. Differences between patients in forming follicles with germinal centers, T-cell-B-cell aggregates without germinal center reactions, or loosely organized T-cell-B-cell infiltrates might reflect the presence of different antigens or a heterogeneity in host response patterns to immune injury. Tertiary lymphoid microstructures in the rheumatoid lesions can enhance the sensitivity of antigen recognition, optimize the collaboration of immunoregulatory and effector cells, and support the interaction between the tissue site and the aberrant immune response. The molecular basis of lymphoid organogenesis studied in gene-targeted mice will provide clues to why the synovium is a preferred site for tertiary lymphoid tissue. B cells have a critical role in lymphoid organogenesis. Their contribution to synovial inflammation extends beyond antibody secretion and includes the activation and regulation of effector T cells.