gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized conditions for measuring lipolysis in murine primary adipocytes (2006)

The current literature on lipolysis in murine primary adipocytes is rife with experiments performed under conditions not optimized for reproducible and reliable results. Here, we present conditions for optimizing the measurement of lipolysis in murine adipocytes. We demonstrate that adenosine management is of paramount importance in evaluating the lipolytic response under basal and stimulated conditions. Also, adipocyte concentrations in the 10,000-15,000 cells per milliliter range produce a greater increase in stimulated lipolysis than higher concentrations, and the response is further enhanced by agitating the cells.
Contour map matching for event detection in sensor networks (2006)

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Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 via Coacervate Improves the Osteogenic Potential of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells (2013)

Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from mouse skeletal muscle by a modified preplate technique exhibit long-term proliferation, high self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation capabilities in vitro. MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can differentiate into osteocytes and chondrocytes and enhance bone and articular cartilage repair in vivo, a feature that is not observed with nontransduced MDSCs. These results emphasize that MDSCs require prolonged exposure to BMPs to undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. A sustained BMP protein delivery approach provides a viable and potentially more clinically translatable alternative to genetic manipulation of the cells. A unique growth factor delivery platform comprised of native heparin and a synthetic polycation, poly(ethylene argininylaspartate diglyceride) (PEAD), was used to bind, protect, and sustain the release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Prolonged exposure to BMP2 released by the PEAD:heparin delivery system promoted the differentiation of MDSCs to an osteogenic lineage in vitro and induced the formation of viable bone at an ectopic site in vivo. This new strategy represents an alternative approach for bone repair mediated by MDSCs while bypassing the need for gene therapy.
Rare earth-doped glass microbarcodes (2003)

The development of ultraminiaturized identification tags has applications in fields ranging from advanced biotechnology to security. This paper describes micrometer-sized glass barcodes containing a pattern of different fluorescent materials that are easily identified by using a UV lamp and an optical microscope. A model DNA hybridization assay using these "microbarcodes" is described. Rare earth-doped glasses were chosen because of their narrow emission bands, high quantum efficiencies, noninterference with common fluorescent labels, and inertness to most organic and aqueous solvents. These properties and the large number (>1 million) of possible combinations of these microbarcodes make them attractive for use in multiplexed bioassays and general encoding.
Models of Incremental Concept Formation (1988)

Given a set of observations, humans acquire concepts that organize those observations and use them in classifying future experiences.This type of concept formation can occur in the absence of a tutor and it can take place despite irrelevant and incomplete information.A reasonable model of such human concept learning should be both incremental and capable of handling the type of complex experiences that people encounter in the real world.In this paper, we review three previous models of incremental concept formation and then present CLASSIT, a model that extends these earlier systems.All of the models integrate the process of recognition and learning, and all can be viewed as carrying out search through the space of possible concept hierarchies.In an attempt to show that CLASSIT is a robust concept formation system, we also present some empirical studies of its behavior under a variety of conditions.,,
Chemical Reaction between Colliding Vesicles (2001)

An organic reaction between two populations of vesicles, one containing a nucleophile (blue) and the other an electrophile (red), was examined kinetically. By comparing the rates with those of suitable controls, it was demonstrated that the electrophile is transferred during vesicle collisions, and a fast intra-vesicular reaction ensues.
A low-cost fiber optic force sensor (1996)

A transducer that uses an intensity-modulated optical method to measure force is described in this paper. The method relies on the additional optical power loss induced by the compression of a fiber optic loop. The sensor is shown to exhibit long-term stability. Using a simple recalibration procedure, a repeatability of /spl plusmn/0.5% was obtained.
Coupled Gating Between Cardiac Calcium Release Channels (Ryanodine Receptors) (2001)

Excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle requires the activation of Ca(2+)-release channels/type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by Ca(2+) influx. RyR2s are arranged on the sarcoplasmic reticular membrane in closely packed arrays such that their large cytoplasmic domains contact one another. We now show that multiple RyR2s can be isolated under conditions such that they remain physically coupled to one another. When these coupled channels are examined in planar lipid bilayers, multiple channels exhibit simultaneous gating, termed "coupled gating." Removal of the regulatory subunit, the FK506 binding protein (FKBP12.6), functionally but not physically uncouples multiple RyR2 channels. Coupled gating between RyR2 channels may be an important regulatory mechanism in excitation-contraction coupling as well as in other signaling pathways involving intracellular Ca(2+) release.
Modeling the Glucose Sensor Error (2013)

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors are portable devices, employed in the treatment of diabetes, able to measure glucose concentration in the interstitium almost continuously for several days. However, CGM sensors are not as accurate as standard blood glucose (BG) meters. Studies comparing CGM versus BG demonstrated that CGM is affected by distortion due to diffusion processes and by time-varying systematic under/overestimations due to calibrations and sensor drifts. In addition, measurement noise is also present in CGM data. A reliable model of the different components of CGM inaccuracy with respect to BG (briefly, "sensor error") is important in several applications, e.g., design of optimal digital filters for denoising of CGM data, real-time glucose prediction, insulin dosing, and artificial pancreas control algorithms. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach to describe CGM sensor error by exploiting n multiple simultaneous CGM recordings. The model of sensor error description includes a model of blood-to-interstitial glucose diffusion process, a linear time-varying model to account for calibration and sensor drift-in-time, and an autoregressive model to describe the additive measurement noise. Model orders and parameters are identified from the n simultaneous CGM sensor recordings and BG references. While the model is applicable to any CGM sensor, here, it is used on a database of 36 datasets of type 1 diabetic adults in which n = 4 Dexcom SEVEN Plus CGM time series and frequent BG references were available simultaneously. Results demonstrates that multiple simultaneous sensor data and proper modeling allow dissecting the sensor error into its different components, distinguishing those related to physiology from those related to technology.
Neurotrophins and Neuronal Plasticity (1995)

There is increasing evidence that neurotrophins (NTs) are involved in processes of neuronal plasticity besides their well-established actions in regulating the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of functions of specific populations of neurons. Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-4/5, and corresponding antibodies dramatically modify the development of the visual cortex. Although the neuronal elements involved have not yet been identified, complementary studies of other systems have demonstrated that NT synthesis is rapidly regulated by neuronal activity and that NTs are released in an activity-dependent manner from neuronal dendrites. These data, together with the observation that NTs enhance transmitter release from neurons that express the corresponding signal-transducing Trk receptors, suggest a role for NTs as selective retrograde messengers that regulate synaptic efficacy.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the stimulatory actions of epidermal growth factor in human prostatic cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU 145. (1996)

LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists exert a direct inhibitory action on the growth of both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (DU 145) human prostatic cancer cell lines. The present studies were aimed at clarifying whether these compounds might exert their antiproliferative action by interfering with the stimulatory action of epidermal growth factor (EGF). To this purpose, the effects of a LHRH agonist (Zoladex, LHRH-A) on the mitogenic action of EGF, on some of the EGF-activated intracellular signaling mechanisms (tyrosine phosphorylation of the 170-kDa EGF receptor, and c-fos protooncogene expression), as well as on the concentration of EGF receptors have been evaluated. These studies have been performed in both LNCaP and DU 145 cells. The results obtained show that in LNCaP cells, LHRH-A counteracts the mitogenic action of EGF, completely abrogates EGF-induced c-fos expression, and significantly reduces the concentration of EGF-binding sites. The EGF-activated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is not affected by LHRH-A in LNCaP cells. In DU 145 cells, LHRH-A antagonizes the proliferative action of EGF, inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor induced by EGF, and significantly reduces the number of EGF-binding sites. In these cells, LHRH-A is not able to modify the increased expression of c-fos that follows the treatment with EGF. These data suggest that LHRH agonists may inhibit the proliferation of human prostatic tumor cells by interfering with the stimulatory actions of EGF. The intracellular mechanism of action of these compounds appears to differ in androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent DU 145 cells.
Brain Serotonin Transporter Density and Aggression in Abstinent Methamphetamine Abusers (2006)

Protracted abuse of methamphetamine may reduce the density of the serotonin transporter in the brain, leading to elevated aggression, even in currently abstinent abusers.
Saccharomyces telomeres assume a non-nucleosomal chromatin structure. (1992)

The chromatin structures of the telomeric and subtelomeric regions on chromosomal DNA molecules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were analyzed using micrococcal nuclease and DNAse I. The subtelomeric repeats X and Y' were assembled in nucleosomes. However, the terminal tracts of C1-3A repeats were protein protected in a particle larger than a nucleosome herein called a telosome. The proximal boundary of the telosome was a DNase I hypersensitive site. This boundary between the telosome and adjacent nucleosomes was completely accessible to Escherichia coli dam methylase when this enzyme was expressed in yeast, whereas a site 250 bp internal to the telomeric repeats was relatively inaccessible. Telosomes could be cleaved from chromosome ends with nuclease and solubilized as protein-DNA complexes. Immunoprecipitation of chromosomal telosomes with antiserum to the RAP1 protein indicated that RAP1 was one component of isolated telosomes. Thus, the termini of chromosomal DNA molecules in yeast are assembled in a non-nucleosomal structure encompassing the entire terminal C1-3A tract. This structure is separated from adjacent nucleosomes by a region of DNA that is highly accessible to enzymes.
A wireless passive sensor for pH monitoring employing temperature compensation (2011)

We present an integrated coupled-coil passive sensor for temperature compensated remote pH monitoring. The sensor is a RLC resonant circuit consisting of an inductive coil connected in parallel to a thermistor, a varactor and a pH combination electrode. pH variation of the solution changes the voltage-dependent capacitance and shifts the resonant frequency of the sensor, while temperature change of the solution affects the resistance and changes the quality factor. The resonant frequency and quality factor of the sensor are tracked remotely by an interrogator coil coupled to the sensor coil. A temperature range of 25°C-60°C and pH over a 2-12 dynamic range can be measured simultaneously. With temperature compensation, the accuracy of the pH measurement is demonstrated to be 0.1 pH. The sensor overcomes the pH measurement error due to the temperature dependence of electrode based passive pH sensors.
The PANTHER database of protein families, subfamilies, functions and pathways (2004)

PANTHER is a large collection of protein families that have been subdivided into functionally related subfamilies, using human expertise. These subfamilies model the divergence of specific functions within protein families, allowing more accurate association with function (ontology terms and pathways), as well as inference of amino acids important for functional specificity. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are built for each family and subfamily for classifying additional protein sequences. The latest version, 5.0, contains 6683 protein families, divided into 31,705 subfamilies, covering approximately 90% of mammalian protein-coding genes. PANTHER 5.0 includes a number of significant improvements over previous versions, most notably (i) representation of pathways (primarily signaling pathways) and association with subfamilies and individual protein sequences; (ii) an improved methodology for defining the PANTHER families and subfamilies, and for building the HMMs; (iii) resources for scoring sequences against PANTHER HMMs both over the web and locally; and (iv) a number of new web resources to facilitate analysis of large gene lists, including data generated from high-throughput expression experiments. Efforts are underway to add PANTHER to the InterPro suite of databases, and to make PANTHER consistent with the PIRSF database. PANTHER is now publicly available without restriction at http://panther.appliedbiosystems.com.
Roles of Cellular Activation and Sulfated Glycans inHaemophilus somnusAdherence to Bovine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2006)

Haemophilus somnus can cause a devastating fibrinopurulent meningitis with thrombotic vasculitis and encephalitis in cattle. The mechanisms used by H. somnus to migrate from the bloodstream into the central nervous system (CNS) are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that H. somnus adheres to, but does not invade, bovine brain endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro. The number of adherent H. somnus was significantly increased by prior activation of the BBEC with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Addition of exogenous glycosaminoglycans significantly reduced H. somnus adherence to resting and TNF-alpha-activated BBEC. Heparinase digestion of the endothelial cell's glycocalyx or sodium chlorate inhibition of endothelial cell sulfated glycan synthesis significantly reduced the number of adherent H. somnus. In contrast, addition of hyaluronic acid, a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, had no inhibitory effect. These findings suggest a critical role for both cellular activation and sulfated glycosaminoglycans in adherence of H. somnus to BBEC. Using heparin-labeled agarose beads, we demonstrated a high-molecular-weight heparin-binding protein expressed by H. somnus. Heparin was also shown to bind H. somnus in a 4 degrees C binding assay. These data suggest that heparin-binding proteins on H. somnus could serve as initial adhesins to sulfated proteoglycans on the endothelial cell surface, thus contributing to the ability of H. somnus to infect the bovine CNS.
Breast cancer during pregnancy. (2001)

Angiogenesis is essential for the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors. This process, more complex than was previously thought, requires the coordinated activities of multiple factors and cell types. For tumors to develop a neovascular blood supply, tumor and host cells must secrete pro-angiogenic factors that offset the activities of inhibitory angiogenic factors. In addition, the newly derived tumor endothelium must respond to survive in a relatively caustic microenvironment. Thus, endothelial-cell survival factors are essential in the maintenance of this neovasculature. Because redundant factors and pathways regulate angiogenesis, inhibition of any single pathway is unlikely to lead to prolonged response in most patients with solid malignancies. Since anti-angiogenic therapy is unlikely to induce tumor regression, the criteria for efficacy must be evaluated by means other than the standard criteria used to evaluate cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. Understanding the basic principles that drive tumor angiogenesis will lead to the development of therapies that will likely prolong survival without the toxicity associated with standard chemotherapy.
Embedded inductors incorporated in the design of SAW module SMT packaging (2003)

As SAW modules are moving to higher frequencies and their form factor continues to decline in size, the need for incorporating impedance matching components into the package design has become critical to ensure size and cost targets. The impedance matching components discussed here take the form of imbedded spiral inductors. These inductors do not increase the area of the package significantly and impact only the package height slightly. Since surface mount technology (SMT) tooling can be quite significant, errors in the inductor design can be costly. Accurate modeling of the inductor characteristics becomes quite important. Initial attempts for the modeling used closed-form solutions for printed spiral inductors and the results were not very accurate or satisfying. Improvements came after modeling the inductors using an electromagnetic simulator. The inductors were then designed and the packages tooled. This paper compares early model calculations with electromagnetic (EM) simulations, and measured results. Variables such as ground plane proximity, conductivity of the SMT package traces, etc. are discussed.
Harnessing RIG-I and intrinsic immunity in the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic cancer treatment (2018)

Cancer immunotherapies that remove checkpoint restraints on adaptive immunity are gaining clinical momentum. Approaches aimed at intrinsic cellular immunity in the tumor microenvironment are less understood, but are of intense interest, based on their ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis while orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor antigens. The intrinsic immune response is initiated by ancient, highly conserved intracellular proteins that detect viral infection. For example, the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), a family of related RNA helicases, detect viral oligonucleotide patterns of certain RNA viruses. RLR activation induces immunogenic cell death of virally infected cells, accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokine production, antigen presentation, and antigen-directed immunity against virus antigens. Approaches aimed at non-infectious RIG-I activation in cancers are being tested as a treatment option, with the goal of inducing immunogenic tumor cell death, stimulating production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing tumor neoantigen presentation, and potently increasing cytotoxic activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. These studies are finding success in several pre-clinical models, and are entering early phases of clinical trial. Here, we review pre-clinical studies of RLR agonists, including the successes and challenges currently faced RLR agonists on the path to clinical translation.
Vale (1970)

John muir became the fifth editor of this journal in 1964. He had been educated at Newbury (an ancient foundation from which there had emerged a long series of classical scholars) and at Keble College, Oxford. There followed some years of teaching at Public and Grammar School before he was appointed a Lecturer at King's College, London. So far he had little or no experience of the duties, and trials, of editorship, but he did bring to the task outstanding qualities, which soon proved that a worthy successor to Geoffrey Hooker had been found. In fact, Muir has left his own mark on Greece &amp; Rome . Now, after six fruitful years, the pressure of work as a University teacher, as well as his own researches and—far more important—the ties of family (he and Mrs. Muir have three fine sons) have made it necessary for him to resign. We shall remember him for his scholarly approach, his modesty and a charming sense of humour—a virtue not always evident in a literary critic (which of course he had to become). He has earned the gratitude of us all. We wish him well.
Comparison of On-Board Charging Strategies for Range-Extender Hybrid Vehicles with Lead-Acid Batteries (2013)

Hybrid Electric vehicles are becoming popular because of the improvement in fuel economy and strict emission norms. Range-extender hybrid vehicles are interesting as they provide best fuel economy in city drive cycle. The fuel economy of hybrid vehicle is depended on electric range, control strategy, electric-recharge and drive cycle. In this paper two control strategies for battery state of charge (SOC) control are evaluated for optimizing fuel economy and depth of discharge (DOD) of battery for range-extender vehicle. Advisor model with lead-acid battery is used to evaluate and compare fuel economy and DOD of battery in city drive cycle. The results are presented and it can be seen that PI controller method gives a better control over battery SOC and reduces transient in engine power as compared to the Additional power method.
Synthesis of cyclopentane analogs of 5-fluorouracil nucleosides (1992)

New carbocyclic analogs (12, 14, and 15) of 5-fluorouracil nucleosides have been prepared by fluorination, using elemental fluorine, of the acetylated analogs (8, 10, and 11, respectively) of 1-(2′,3′-dideoxy-glycero-pentofuranosyl)-and 1-(2′- and 3′-deoxy-β-threo-pentofuranosyl)-uracil nucleosides. The carbocyclic analog (14) of 1-(2′-deoxy-β-threo-pentofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil was then utilized for the preparation of various new carbocyclic analogs of 1-(3′-substituted-2′,3′-dideoxy-β-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil nucleosides by S N 2 displacement of the 3′-mesyloxy group in the protected derivative 17. In this way analogs having the chloro (see 23), bromo (see 24), and azido (see 25) groups at the 3′-position were obtained; the analog 29 having a 3′-amino group was obtained by reduction of the azido group. In addition (±)-5-fluoro-1-{3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-cyclopenten-1-yl}-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (26) was obtained as an elimination side-reaction product in the preparation of the 3′-chloro and 3′-bromo analogs. Compounds 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 25, and 29 were tested against the herpes simplex viruses and were found to be inactive. Compound 26 inhibited the growth of K-562 cells with an ID 50 (10 −4 –10 −3 ), which was about 100-fold greater than that of 5-fluorouracil in this test system. Analogs 12, 25, and 29 were slightly cytotoxic.