gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Macro Modeling of Propagation in Mobile Wireless Communication: Theory and Experiment (2012)

The objective of this paper is to illustrate that electromagnetic macro modeling can properly predict the path-loss exponent in mobile cellular wireless communication. This represents the variation of the path loss with distance from the base-station antenna. Specifically, we illustrate that the path-loss exponent in cellular wireless communication is three, preceded by a slow-fading region, and followed by the fringe region, where the path-loss exponent is four. The sizes of these regions are determined by the heights of the base-station transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas. Theoretically, this is illustrated through the analysis of radiation from a vertical electric dipole situated over a horizontal imperfect ground plane, as first considered by Sommerfeld in 1909. To start with, the exact analysis of radiation from the dipole is made using the Sommerfeld formulation. The semi-infinite integrals encountered in this formulation are evaluated using a modified saddle-point method for field points moderate to far distances away from the source point, to predict the appropriate path-loss exponents. The reflection-coefficient method is also derived by applying a saddle-point method to the semi-infinite integrals, and this is shown to not provide the correct path-loss exponent that matches measurements. The various approximations used to evaluate the Sommerfeld integrals are described for different regions. It is also important to note that Sommerfeld's original 1909 paper had no error in sign. However, Sommerfeld overlooked the properties associated with the so-called “surface-wave pole.” Both accurate numerical analyses, along with experimental data, are provided to illustrate the above statements. In addition, Okumura's experimental data, and extensive data taken from seven different base stations in urban environments at two different frequencies, validate the theory. Experimental data revealed that a macro modeling of the environment, using an appropriate electromagnetic analysis, can accurately predict the path-loss exponent for the propagation of radio waves in a cellular wireless communication scenario.
Modeling and control of formations of nonholonomic mobile robots (2001)

This paper addresses the control of a team of nonholonomic mobile robots navigating in a terrain with obstacles while maintaining a desired formation and changing formations when required, using graph theory. We model the team as a triple, (g, r, H), consisting of a group element g that describes the gross position of the lead robot, a set of shape variables r that describe the relative positions of robots, and a control graph H that describes the behaviors of the robots in the formation. Our framework enables the representation and enumeration of possible control graphs and the coordination of transitions between any two formations.
Flavopiridol Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation In Vitro and Neointimal Formation In Vivo After Carotid Injury in the Rat (1999)

Flavopiridol inhibits SMC growth in vitro and in vivo. Its oral availability and selectivity for cyclin-dependent kinases make it a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of SMC-rich vascular lesions.
Image Resolution Computation for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar (2007)

Abstract : This report describes the approach used to compute the down-range and cross-range resolution for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) radar. The results determine the upper bound in term of resolution that the radar can achieve (for targets along the center line of the physical receiving antenna array). These results are needed for the computation of the calibration factor for this radar.
High-throughput, high-performance OFDM via pseudo-orthogonal carrier interferometry type 2 (2003)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) demonstrates poor probability of error performance in fading channels, and hence many OFDM systems utilize channel coding. The addition of this coding, adding both redundancy and frequency diversity, comes at a cost of reduced overall throughput (typically by a factor of 2). PO-CI/OFDM is as a new methodology to enhance performance in OFDM systems, via channel coding, without bandwidth expansion or decreased throughput. Specifically, by placing 2N symbols pseudo-orthogonally on the N OFDM carriers (via the use of spreading codes) and by introducing rate 1/2 convolutional coding, PO-CI/OFDM achieves the benefit of channel coding in OFDM without the cost of throughput reduction. It is shown that, in BPSK systems, at a bit error rate of 10/sup -3/, this method gains 15 dB over OFDM, equaling the performance of traditional coded OFDM (COFDM) without the throughput reduction.
The Raji cell radioimmune assay for detecting immune complexes in human sera. (1976)

A sensitivie and simple procedure for the detection and quantitation of soluble complement (C)- fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed by utilizing C receptors on Raji cells. These cells lack membrane-bound immunoglobulin but have receptors for IgG Fc, C3b, C3d, and possibly with other C proteins. Uptake experiments showed that both aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) and 7S IgG bound to receptors for IgG Fc; however, AHG reacted with C bound to cells only via receptors for C and this binding was much more efficient than via IgG Fc receptors. AHG was used as an in vitro model of human immune complexes and its uptake by Raji cells was quantitated by 125I-radiolabeled antihuman IgG. The limit of sensitivity of this test was 6 mug AHG/ml serum. The ability of Raji cells to detect AHG in serum depended on the amount of radioactive antibody used and the size of aggregates. The presence of an excess of C somewhat inhibited binding of AHG containing C to Raji cells. The efficient binding of AHG by receptors for C on Raji cells was used for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes in human sera. Raji cells were incubated with sera to be tested and then reacted with excess radiolabeled antihuman IgG; the amount of radioactivity bound to the washed cells was determined and referred to a standard curve of radioactive antibody uptake by cells previously incubated with increasing amounts of AHG in serum. Thereby immune complexes were detected and quantitated in serum hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and malignancies.
Gadolinium-containing phosphatidylserine liposomes for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis (2008)

Exteriorized phosphatidylserine (PS) residues in apoptotic cells trigger rapid phagocytosis by macrophage scavenger receptor pathways. Mimicking apoptosis with liposomes containing PS may represent an attractive approach for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. We investigated the utility of paramagnetic gadolinium liposomes enriched with PS (Gd-PS) in imaging atherosclerotic plaque. Gd-PS-containing Gd-conjugated lipids, fluorescent rhodamine, and PS were prepared and characterized. Cellular uptake in RAW macrophages (fluorescent uptake of rhodamine) was studied on a fluorescence plate reader, while Gd-PS-induced alteration in T1 relaxivity was evaluated using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. RAW cells demonstrate PS-dependent uptake of across a range of concentrations (2, 6, 12, and 20%) in comparison to control liposomes with no PS (0%). In vivo performance of Gd-PS was evaluated in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model by collection of serial T1 weighted gradient echo MR images using an 11.7 T MRI system and revealed rapid and significant enhancement of the aortic wall that was seen for at least 4 h after injection. Gd-PS-enriched liposomes enhance atherosclerotic plaque and colocalize with macrophages in experimental atherosclerosis.
Aromatic bisvinyl ethers: A new class of highly reactive thermosetting monomers (1983)

Abstract Aromatic bisvinyl ethers, prepared by the condensation of bisphenols with 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether in the presence of sodium hydroxide, are a new class of thermosetting monomers. These new materials can be polymerized cationically by using diaryliodonium salts as photo and thermal initiators to produce crosslinked resins whose physical and thermal characteristics resemble those of epoxy resins.
Transdermal Testosterone Treatment of Hypogonadal Men (1988)

Hypogonadism, either primary or secondary, results in diminished libido and/or impotence. Conventional treatment consists of periodic intramuscular injections (usually bimonthly) of a depot testosterone preparation or daily oral ingestion of methyl testosterone. These conventional treatments may be associated with side effects, such as gynecomastia, liver function abnormalities and edema. A new method of administering testosterone is by daily application of a transdermal therapeutic system. We studied the efficacy and safety of the transdermal therapeutic system in 4 hypogonadal men. Three patients were treated for 12 weeks and 1 for 7 weeks, and they were evaluated weekly. Of 4 patients 3 had improvement in erectile and/or sexual function. Mean plasma testosterone levels increased significantly compared to pre-treatment values during 7 of 12 treatment weeks. There were no adverse effects of the transdermal therapeutic system as indicated by serial physical examinations, daily reports, blood chemistry studies, liver function tests, urinalysis and hematological profiles. This preliminary report of transdermal testosterone delivery indicates that it may provide an effective alternative method of gonadal steroid replacement.
Immunogenicity of Alpha-Toxin, Capsular Polysaccharide(CPS) and Recombinant Fibronectin-Binding Protein(r-FnBP) of Staphylococcus aureus in Rabbit. (1999)

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibody levels of alpha-toxin, capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) in rabbits immunized with an experimental vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus and to develop the bovine mastitis subunit vaccine in the future. Enzyme immunoassay was used for detection of IgG antibodies against staphylococcal CPS, alpha-toxin and FnBP. The levels of specific antibodies against CPS, alpha-toxin and FnBP in immunized rabbits were significantly increased after first immunization compared with control animals (p<0.05). Of three antigen used in vaccine, immunogenicity of CPS was relatively lower, compared with those of alpha toxin and fibronectin binding protein. Numbers of S. aureus in blood of immunized groups were lower than those of control group after bacterial challenge. But the bacterial numbers among immunized groups were not significantly different. S. aureus counts in excised organs were significantly lower in all immunized rabbits than in PBS-control group (p<0.05). The present study showed that alpha-toxin, capsular polysaccharide and fibronectin binding protein included in a subunit vaccine were protective.
Testing Agents for Prevention or Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in Rodents (2013)

We report the results of an independent laboratory's tests of novel agents to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, BioBreeding diabetes prone (BBDP) rat, and multiple autoimmune disease prone (MAD) rat models. Methods were developed to better mimic human clinical trials, including: prescreening, randomization, blinding, and improved glycemic care of the animals. Agents were suggested by the research community in an open call for proposals, and selected for testing by an NIDDK appointed independent review panel. Agents selected for testing to prevent diabetes at later stages of progression in a rodent model were a STAT4 antagonist (DT22669), alpha1 anti-trypsin (Aralast NP), celastrol (a natural product with anti-inflammatory properties), and a Macrophage Inflammatory Factor inhibitor (ISO-092). Agents tested for reversal of established T1D in rodent models were: alpha1 anti-trypsin (Aralast NP), tolerogenic peptides (Tregitopes), and a long-acting formulation of GLP-1 (PGC-GLP-1). None of these agents were seen to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes, while the positive control interventions were effective: anti-CD3 treatment provided disease reversal in the NOD mouse, dexamethasone prevented T1D induction in the MAD rat, and cyclosporin prevented T1D in the BBDP rat. For some tested agents, details of previous formulation, delivery, or dosing, as well as laboratory procedure, availability of reagents and experimental design, could have impacted our ability to confirm prior reports of efficacy in preclinical animal models. In addition, the testing protocols utilized here provided detection of effects in a range commonly used in placebo controlled clinical trials (for example, 50% effect size), and thus may have been underpowered to observe more limited effects. That said, we believe the results compiled here, showing good control and repeatability, confirm the feasibility of screening diverse test agents in an independent laboratory.
Vaccinia Virus Uses Macropinocytosis and Apoptotic Mimicry to Enter Host Cells (2008)

Viruses employ many different strategies to enter host cells. Vaccinia virus, a prototype poxvirus, enters cells in a pH-dependent fashion. Live cell imaging showed that fluorescent virus particles associated with and moved along filopodia to the cell body, where they were internalized after inducing the extrusion of large transient membrane blebs. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was activated by the virus, and the endocytic process had the general characteristics of macropinocytosis. The induction of blebs, the endocytic event, and infection were all critically dependent on the presence of exposed phosphatidylserine in the viral membrane, which suggests that vaccinia virus uses apoptotic mimicry to enter cells.
The PEL1 Gene (Renamed PGS1) Encodes the Phosphatidylglycero-phosphate Synthase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PG-P) synthase catalyzes the synthesis of PG-P from CDP-diacylglycerol and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and functions as the committed and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin (CL). In eukaryotic cells, CL is found predominantly in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is generally thought to be an essential component of many mitochondrial functions. We have determined that the PEL1 gene (now renamed PGS1), previously proposed to encode a second phosphatidylserine synthase of yeast (Janitor, M., Jarosch, E., Schweyen, R. J., and Subik, J. (1995) Yeast 13, 1223-1231), in fact encodes a PG-P synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of the PGS1 gene product under the inducible GAL1 promoter resulted in a 14-fold increase in in vitro PG-P synthase activity. Disruption of the PGS1 gene in a haploid strain of yeast did not lead to a loss of viability but did result in a dependence on a fermentable carbon source for growth, a temperature sensitivity for growth, and a petite lethal phenotype. The pgs1 null mutant exhibited no detectable in vitro PG-P synthase activity and no detectable CL or phosphatidylglycerol (PG); significant CL synthase activity was still present. The growth arrest phenotype and lack of PG-P synthase activity of a pgsA null allele of Escherichia coli was corrected by an N-terminal truncated derivative of the yeast PG-P synthase. These results unequivocally demonstrate that the PGS1 gene encodes the major PG-P synthase of yeast and that neither PG nor CL are absolutely essential for cell viability but may be important for normal mitochondrial function.
Biological surface modification by ‘thiol-ene’ addition of polymers synthesised by catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) (2012)

Copolymers of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylates and allyl methacrylate have been synthesised by catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) and reacted with α-keratin in human hair via Michael addition to cysteine residues. Further modification of the polymer conjugates was carried out using a fluorescent tag as a model via achieved thiol-ene chemistry.
The novel endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is inactivated by neuronal- and basophil-like cells: connections with anandamide (1998)

The novel endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was rapidly inactivated by intact rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) and mouse neuroblastoma (N18TG2) cells through diffusion/hydrolysis/reacylation processes. The hydrolysis of 2-AG was inhibited by typical esterase inhibitors and by more specific blockers of 'fatty acid amide hydrolase' (FAAH), the enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of the other 'endocannabinoid', anandamide (AEA). No evidence for a facilitated-diffusion process was found. A 2-AG-hydrolysing activity was detected in homogenates from both cell lines, with the highest levels in membrane fractions. It exhibited an optimal pH at 10, and recognized both 2- and 1(3)- isomers of monoarachidonoylglycerol with similar efficiencies. The apparent Km and Vmax values for -3H-2-AG hydrolysis were 91 microM and 29 microM and 2.4 and 1.8 nmol.min-1.mg of protein-1 respectively in N18TG2 and RBL-2H3 cells. [3H]2-AG hydrolysis was inhibited by Cu2+, Zn2+ and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and by 2- or 1(3)-monolinoleoyl- and -linolenoyl-glycerols, but not by the oleoyl, palmitoyl and myristoyl congeners. Purified fractions from solubilized membrane proteins catalysed, at pH 9.5, the hydrolysis of 2-AG as well as AEA. Accordingly, AEA as well as FAAH inhibitors, including arachidonoyltrifluoromethyl ketone (ATFMK), blocked [3H]2-AG hydrolysis by N18TG2 and RBL-2H3 membranes, whereas 2-AG inhibited [14C]AEA hydrolysis. FAAH blockade by ATFMK preserved from inactivation the 2-AG synthesized de novo by intact N18TG2 cells stimulated with ionomycin. These data suggest that FAAH may be one of the enzymes deputed to the physiological inactivation of 2-AG, and create intriguing possibilities for the cross-regulation of 2-AG and AEA levels.
Thyroid Function in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 November 1989Thyroid Function in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Kanji Sato, MD, Minoru Ozawa, MD, Hiroshi Demura, MD, Toru Fujii, MDKanji Sato, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Minoru Ozawa, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Hiroshi Demura, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Toru Fujii, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-10-857 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In a recent issue, LoPresti and colleagues (1) reported that serum triiodothyronine (T3) is normal and reverse T3 (rT3) is decreased in emaciated patients with AIDS. This finding is highly unexpected because the T4 levels of such patients are normal or supranormal due to elevated serum thyroxine-binding globulin. Such an inappropriately increased T3/T4 and decreased rT3/T4 ratio contrasts sharply with those usually seen in patients with non-thyroidal illnesses: In these patients, the serum T3 concentration is decreased and rT3 is reciprocally increased (2). This low-T3, high-rT3 state is caused by the adaptation of iodothyronine-5′-deiodinating enzymes for energy-saving...References1. LoPresti J, Fried J, Spencer C, and Nicoloff J. Unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:970-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Chopra I, Hershman J, Pardridge W, and Nicoloff J. Thyroid function in non-thyroidal illnessess. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:946-57. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Ozawa M, Sato K, Han D, Kawakami M, Tsushima T, and Shizume K. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin on thyroid hormone metabolism in mice. Endocrinology. 1988;123:1461-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Fujii T, Sato K, and Ozawa M. Effect of interleukin-1 (IL-I) on thyroid hormone metabolism in mice: stimulation by IL-I of iodothyronine 5′-deiodinating activity (type I) in the liver. Endocrinology. 1989;124:167-74. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Lahdevirta J, Maury G, Teppo A, and Repo H. Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1988;85:289-91. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kanji Sato, MD; Minoru Ozawa, MD; Hiroshi Demura, MD; Toru Fujii, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThyroid Function in Children with Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 InfectionEndocrine Dysfunction in Children with HIV-1 InfectionHIV Wasting Syndrome: Treatment Update 15 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 10Page: 857-858KeywordsAIDSAttentionEnzymesGlobulinsThyroidTriiodothyronine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrically tunable power efficient dispersion compensating fiber Bragg grating (1999)

Novel devices only offer reasonable telecommunication solutions when they can be packaged and manufactured efficiently and at low cost. We demonstrate such a compact and power efficient tunable dispersion compensating fiber Bragg grating (FBG) device. The device relies on a distributed on-fiber thin-film heater deposited onto the outer surface of an unchirped FBG. Current flowing though the thin film generates resistive heating that is governed by the thickness profile of the metal film. A chirp in the grating is obtained by using a coating whose thickness varies with position along the length of the grating in a prescribed manner; the chirp rate is adjusted by varying the applied current. Using an electrical power of less than 1 W in a packaged device, we demonstrate a linearly chirped Bragg grating in which the dispersion is continuously tuned from -300 to -1350 ps/nm, with an average deviation from linearity of approximately 10 ps.
Peak-to-average power reduction in high-performance, high-throughput OFDM via pseudo-orthogonal carrier-interferometry coding (2002)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is susceptible to high peak-to-average power due to an unstable envelope. Many solutions have been utilized in order to decrease the high peaks that are possible, but in these cases complexity is also added to the system architecture. This paper shows how Carrier Interferometry phase coding greatly reduces peaks in the signal envelope and in effect the problems associated with large PAPR.
A randomized trial of 3,4-diaminopyridine in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (2000)

This study corroborates previous studies and many years of clinical experience showing that DAP is an effective and safe treatment for LEMS.