gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense Inhibition of β-Glucuronidase Expression in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos: A Comparison of Transgenes and Oligodeoxynucleotides (1991)

Using as a model the inhibition of beta-glucuronidase expression in preimplantation embryos, we have compared injections of transgenes directing the synthesis of antisense RNA and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to our previous results with cytoplasmic injections of antisense RNAs. Pronuclear injection of an antisense DNA construct containing 1.4 kb of coding region of beta-glucuronidase fused to the mouse metallothionein I promoter results in transient inhibition of gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos. Pronuclear injection of a smaller antisense DNA construct, overlapping the start codon, failed to inhibit gene expression. Injection of two 20-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, one complementary to sequences including the initiation codon and the second complementary to exon 7 sequences of the beta-glucuronidase gene, failed to inhibit gene expression. In addition, cultures of embryos in the presence of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides had no effect on gene activity. Using radiolabeled oligomers added to the culture medium, we found poor uptake of oligodeoxynucleotides by embryos.
Plasma modification of polymer surfaces for adhesion improvement (1994)

Polymers have wide-ranging applications in food packaging and decorative products, and as insulation for electronic devices. For these applications, the adhesion of materials deposited onto polymer substrates is of primary importance. Not all polymer surfaces possess the required physical and/or chemical properties for good adhesion. Plasma treatment is one means of modifying polymer surfaces to improve adhesion while maintaining the desirable properties of the bulk material. This paper addresses the interaction of organic surfaces with the various components of a plasma, with examples taken from a review of the pertinent literature.
Determination of the First Two Cleavage Furrows in Developing Eggs of Triturus Alpestris Compared with Other Forms. (cell cleavage=cytokinesis/furrow determination/Dettlaff units/newt eggs) (1982)

Eggs of Triturus alpestris were horizontally compressed at times before first and second cleavage in an experiment designed to measure the time at which the mitotic apparatus determines the direction of the subsequent cleavage furrow. The results showed that furrow determination was completed 0.46 Dettlaff units before the onset of furrowing. When a comparison was made of the times of furrow determination before cleavage in eggs of different animal groups using Dettlaff units, the results supported the idea that preparations for furrowing proceed differently in echinoderm eggs from eggs of sturgeon and amphibia.
A proliferation switch for genetically modified cells (1997)

Receptor dimerization is the key signaling event for many cytokines, including erythropoietin. A system has been recently developed that permits intracellular protein dimerization to be reversibly activated in response to a lipid-soluble dimeric form of the drug FK506, called FK1012. FK1012 is used as a pharmacological mediator of dimerization to bring together FK506 binding domains, taken from the endogenous protein FKBP12. In experiments reported herein, FK1012-induced dimerization of a fusion protein containing the intracellular portion of the erythropoietin receptor allowed cells normally dependent on interleukin 3 to proliferate in its absence. FK506 competitively reversed the proliferative effect of FK1012 but had no influence on the proliferative effect of interleukin 3. Signaling pathways activated by FK1012 mimicked those activated by erythropoietin, because both JAK2 and STAT5 were phosphorylated in response to FK1012. This approach may provide a means to specifically and reversibly stimulate the proliferation of genetically modified cell populations in vitro or in vivo.
Immune-mediated inner ear disease (2006)

The incidence of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is difficult to determine: probably it is a rare disease, accounting for <1% of all cases of hearing impairment or dizziness. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of AIED might be overlooked because of the lack of a specific diagnostic test. The hallmark of this clinically diagnosed condition is the presence of a rapidly progressive, often fluctuating, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) over a period of weeks to months. The progression of hearing loss is too rapid to be diagnostic for presbycusis and too slow to conclude a diagnosis of sudden SNHL. Vestibular symptoms, such as generalized imbalance, ataxia, positional vertigo and episodic vertigo may be present in almost 50% of patients. Occasionally only one ear is affected initially, but bilateral hearing loss occurs in most patients, with symmetric or asymmetric audiometric thresholds. Almost 25-50% of patients also have tinnitus and aural fullness, which can fluctuate. Systemic autoimmune diseases coexist in 15-30% of patients.
Discovery of immunopotentiatory drugs: current and future strategies (2002)

If the immune system can be considered the most highly evolved natural anti-infective therapeutic system, then it would seem to be a promising target for therapeutic manipulation. However, with the obvious exception of prophylactic vaccination (often described as the most successful of all medical public health measures), broadly applicable agents that make the immune system work better have yet to be discovered.

The term drug in its widest sense is generally used to include natural and synthetic therapeutic molecules from the very small (e.g. lithium salts) to the very large (e.g. insulin, interferon, monoclonal antibodies). However, the great majority of drugs conform to a much narrower definition encompassing small organic molecules with the great advantage of oral bioavailability, plus tractability in terms of large-scale synthesis, product quality-control, formulation and stability. In the field of immunology recent advances have identified large numbers of macromolecules that regulate host-defence, and many of these produce enhancement, amplification and/or diversion of immune responses in positive, therapeutically desirable directions. However, immunology has yet to provide small oral drugs that can be used to amplify and positively regulate immunity. A host of peptides and other bio-molecules have been tested in this context [1] and some have been exploited as components of investigational adjuvants for use locally with vaccines. However, none of these have found commercial application as licensed immunopotentiatory drugs.
International political economy thought in pre-modern and colonial Korea (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse international political economy (IPE) thought in Korea during its pre-modern and colonial eras. Design/methodology/approach It divides these eras into three periods. The first period is the eighteenth century, in which Silhak arose. The second is the mid- and late nineteenth century, a time characterised by conflicts between Wijeong-cheoksa and Gaehwa thoughts. The final period is that of colonial Korea under imperial Japan, and during this time economic nationalist movements were pursued while Marxist theories were also introduced to the country. Findings This research shows that IPE thoughts analogous to Western economic liberalism and economic nationalism did emerge endogenously in Korea when its environment was similar to those in which these Western thoughts arose, although in ways that reflected Korea’s peculiar situations of the times. This study also demonstrates that the “economic” thoughts of the Koreans in these periods were shaped largely by their political thoughts. Originality/value This research contributes to the building of a more “globalised” intellectual history of classical IPE thought.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Endogenous Danger Signal Tenascin-C: A Novel Autocrine Loop in Inflammation (2010)

Inappropriate expression of proinflammatory mediators underpins the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and tumor metastasis. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C is an endogenous activator of innate immunity that promotes the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines via activation of TLR4. Little tenascin-C is observed in most healthy adult tissues, but expression is specifically upregulated at sites of inflammation. Moreover, high levels of tenascin-C are associated with chronic inflammation and found in the tumor stroma. In this study, we show that the expression of tenascin-C is induced in immune myeloid cells activated by a variety of inflammatory stimuli, including specific TLR ligands. Its synthesis is transcriptionally regulated and requires the specific activation of AKT/PI3K and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified a large number of conserved noncoding regions throughout the tenascin-C genomic locus that may contribute to its transcriptional regulation during inflammation. We also demonstrate that tenascin-C expression is transient during acute inflammation. In contrast, persistently high levels of expression occur in the inflamed synovium of joints from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, misregulated expression of this endogenous danger signal may promote an autocrine loop of inflammation and contribute to the persistence of inflammation in autoimmune diseases or to tumor egress and invasion during metastasis.
Hunting the Red Fox Online: Understanding and Detection of Mass Redirect-Script Injections (2014)

Compromised websites that redirect web traffic to malicious hosts play a critical role in organized web crimes, serving as doorways to all kinds of malicious web activities (e.g., drive-by downloads, phishing etc.). They are also among the most elusive components of a malicious web infrastructure and extremely difficult to hunt down, due to the simplicity of redirect operations, which also happen on legitimate sites, and extensive use of cloaking techniques. Making the detection even more challenging is the recent trend of injecting redirect scripts into JavaScript (JS) files, as those files are not indexed by search engines and their infections are therefore more difficult to catch. In our research, we look at the problem from a unique angle: the adversary's strategy and constraints for deploying redirect scripts quickly and stealthily. Specifically, we found that such scripts are often blindly injected into both JS and HTML files for a rapid deployment, changes to the infected JS files are often made minimum to evade detection and also many JS files are actually JS libraries (JS-libs) whose uninfected versions are publicly available. Based upon those observations, we developed JsRED, a new technique for the automatic detection of unknown redirect-script injections. Our approach analyzes the difference between a suspicious JS-lib file and its clean counterpart to identify malicious redirect scripts and further searches for similar scripts in other JS and HTML files. This simple, lightweight approach is found to work effectively against redirect injection campaigns: our evaluation shows that JsRED captured most of compromised websites with almost no false positives, significantly outperforming a commercial detection service in terms of finding unknown JS infections. Based upon the compromised websites reported by JsRED, we further conducted a measurement study that reveals interesting features of redirect payloads and a new Peer-to-Peer network the adversary constructed to evade detection.
Percutaneous Nd:YAG Laser Coagulation of Ventricular Myocardium in Dogs Using a Special Electrode Laser Catheter (1989)

A novel catheter system was used for intracardiac electrogram recordings, ventricular pacing and continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm) irradiation of ventricular myocardium in eight dogs. Radiation at a power of 10 W for 3, 5, and 10 seconds was delivered through a 400 microns optical fiber. Power density was 15 W/mm2. A total of 96 laser injuries (12 per dog) were produced in selected sites in both the right and the left normal canine ventricle. Ventricular arrhythmias were noted during 12 of 96 (12.5%) laser pulses. Programmed electrical stimulation performed during control study immediately (all dogs) at 2 days (two dogs), and 4 months (4 dogs) following the experiments showed no episodes of sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Radiation energies up to 50 J (10 W over 5 s) caused focal injuries of homogeneous coagulation/fibrosis localized to the target area, without vaporizing tissue and forming craters. Morphometrically and histologically there was a direct relationship between the energy of radiation delivered, and the extent and severity of the injury produced. The maximum size of lesions measured 7/11 mm (diameter/depth). Using a special catheter system laser coagulation of myocardium can be accomplished percutaneously. This method can create controlled subendocardial injuries without major side effects and appears to overcome most disadvantages of transcatheter high energy direct-current shocks when used as a regular course of procedure in ablation of arrhythmogenic tissue in the heart.
Interim results of a phase I trial with a novel orally administered synthetic triterpenoid RTA 402 (CDDO-Me) in patients with solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies (2007)

14101 Background: RTA 402 (CDDO-Me) is a novel synthetic triterpenoid with potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity through selective modulation of proteins that respond to changes in oxidative stress, including NF-κB, JNK, and STAT3. Based on preclinical data demonstrating effects on tumors and associated stroma, a Phase 1 dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study was initiated. Methods: RTA 402 is administered orally once a day for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Dose escalation is proceeding according to an accelerated titration design until an MTD is reached. Results: RTA 402 has been administered to 11 patients at 7 dose levels (5 to 300 mg/day). Cycle 1 data are available for 8 patients. No significant drug-related toxicity has been reported and dose escalation continues in 100% increments. The median biological half-life of RTA 402 was 49 h (range, 18–67 h), and all patients receiving doses &gt;20 mg/day were continuously exposed to plasma levels of the drug exceeding 1 ng/mL. Evidence of antitumor and biological activity has been observed in initial patients. A patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma treated at 5 mg/day has received eight cycles of therapy and has had stable disease with a 70% reduction of calcitonin levels. A patient with metastatic melanoma has experienced disease stabilization through four cycles and remains on study. A second melanoma patient has also experienced disease stabilization through two cycles and remains on study. Radiographic evidence of regressing lesions has been observed in both melanoma patients. Additionally, significant reductions in circulating VEGF, MMP-9, TNF, IL-8, and IL-10, up to 65%, 91%, 90%, 73%, and 70%, respectively, have been observed in at least half of patient samples. Cytokine suppression has correlated with improvements in reported pain and fatigue. Conclusions: Orally administered RTA 402 appears well tolerated up to 150 mg/day and with prolonged exposure up to 8 months. Data from initial patients indicate biological activity and suggest clinical benefit, with disease stabilization in several patients who had rapidly progressing disease with high tumor burden. Phase 2 trials are planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Detection of Human P2X7 Nucleotide Receptor Polymorphisms by a Novel Monocyte Pore Assay Predictive of Alterations in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production (2005)

The nucleotide receptor P2X(7) is expressed by most leukocytes and initiates signaling events that amplify numerous LPS responses. We tested the hypothesis that loss-of-function polymorphisms in the human P2X(7) gene predispose to the production of an anti-inflammatory mediator balance. Accordingly, we developed a novel P2X(7) pore assay in whole blood that magnifies the activity from wild-type alleles and preserves the gene dosage effect for the 1513 C polymorphism (AA, 69 +/- 4; AC, 42 +/- 4; and CC, 6 +/- 1-fold stimulation). Thirty of 200 healthy individuals were identified as having low P2X(7) pore activity. Seven low pore subjects were 1513 CC, 3 and 11 participants had the other known variants 946 GA and 1729 TA respectively; the remaining 9 volunteers likely have novel polymorphisms. Because platelets are a large source of extracellular ATP during inflammation, whole blood was treated ex vivo with Salmonella typhimurium LPS in the absence of exogenous nucleotides. LPS-stimulated whole blood from individuals in the low pore activity group generated reduced plasma levels of TNF-alpha (p = 0.036) and higher amounts of IL-10 (p < 0.001) relative to the high pore controls. This reduction in the TNF-alpha to IL-10 ratio persisted to at least 24 h and is further decreased by cotreatment with 2-methylthio-ATP. The ability of P2X(7) polymorphisms to regulate the LPS-induced TNF-alpha to IL-10 ratio suggests that 15% of healthy adults may exhibit anti-inflammatory mediator responses during major infectious perturbations of the immune system, which can be predicted by P2X(7) pore activity.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases (2002)

Among the fatty acids, it is the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which possess the most potent immunomodulatory activities, and among the omega-3 PUFA, those from fish oil-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)--are more biologically potent than alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Some of the effects of omega-3 PUFA are brought about by modulation of the amount and types of eicosanoids made, and other effects are elicited by eicosanoid-independent mechanisms, including actions upon intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factor activity and gene expression. Animal experiments and clinical intervention studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and, therefore, might be useful in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Coronary heart disease, major depression, aging and cancer are characterized by an increased level of interleukin 1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine. Similarly, arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and lupus erythematosis are autoimmune diseases characterized by a high level of IL-1 and the proinflammatory leukotriene LTB(4) produced by omega-6 fatty acids. There have been a number of clinical trials assessing the benefits of dietary supplementation with fish oils in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and migraine headaches. Many of the placebo-controlled trials of fish oil in chronic inflammatory diseases reveal significant benefit, including decreased disease activity and a lowered use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Making Green Polymers Even Greener:Towards Sustainable Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Agroindustrial By-Products (2012)

Making Green Polymers Even Greener:Towards Sustainable Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Agroindustrial By-Products
Six-component tensor of the surface electromagnetic field produced by a borehole source recorded by innovative capacitive sensors (2013)

Saudi Aramco and GroundMetrics, Inc. collaborated to conduct the first measurements of the surface electric field produced by a borehole-to-surface electromagnetic (BSEM) source in the direction tangential to the well and in the vertical direction above the Earth’s surface. The full six-component tensor of the electric and magnetic fields produced by a borehole source inside an oil reservoir was measured at the surface, kilometers away from the transmitted wellbore. Specifically the horizontal E-field was measured by a new type of high impedance E-field sensor (eQube) [Hibbs, 2012] that can be emplaced in seconds and is essentially immune to the quality of its electrical contact to the ground. This ease of use greatly facilitates large area surface surveys. The vertical E-field was measured by a new type of electric field sensor that has microvolt per meter sensitivity and has not been previously applied in a geophysical survey. In addition, all three components of the magnetic field were acquired. We believe this is the first time all six components of the electromagnetic (EM) field have been measured in a geophysical survey at signal frequencies below 1 kHz, and certainly at signal frequencies below 10 Hz. In fact, signal frequencies as low as 0.1 Hz were acquired in all six channels. The use of the new high impedance sensing technology greatly eases the challenges of deploying large arrays of E-field sensors. This project has shown that these innovative capacitive sensors can measure BSEM signals at considerable range.
Structure of apamin in solution: a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance study (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of apamin in solution: a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studyDavid Kemmer and Neville R. KallenbachCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 8, 1901–1906Publication Date (Print):April 12, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00277a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00277a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanolithography Using Hierarchically Assembled Nanowire Masks (2003)

A general and scalable method has been developed for patterning nanometer scale lines hierarchically over large areas using nanowires as masks for etching and deposition. Core−shell nanowires with controlled diameter and shell dimensions were aligned with nanometer to micrometer scale pitches using a Langmuir−Blodgett approach and then transferred en mass to planar substrates. Transferred nanowires were used as deposition masks to define metal lines with pitches from the nanometer to micrometer scale over centimeter square areas. Hierarchical parallel nanowire arrays were also prepared and used as masks to define nanometer pitch lines in 10 × 10 μm2 arrays repeated with a 25 μm array pitch over centimeter square areas. This nanolithography method represents a highly scalable and flexible pathway for defining nanometer scale lines on multiple length scales and thus has substantial potential for enabling the fabrication of integrated nanosystems.