gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phosphatase 2B prevents expression of hippocampal long-term potentiation (1994)

The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-coupled calcium influx. In addition, calcium/calmodulin (CaM) has been demonstrated to play an essential role in the induction process. In the present study, a possible role of CaM-dependent phosphatase (phosphatase 2B, PP-2B, calcineurin) in the LTP process was examined by intracellular recordings in apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells of adult guinea-pigs. In dendrites in which cypermethrin, a potent and specific inhibitor of PP-2B (IC50 40 pM), was intracellularly applied, tetanization generated only short-term increases (15-30 min) of excitatory responses. In the intracellular presence of allethrin, a weak inhibitor of PP-2B, LTP expression was not affected. These findings demonstrate that activation of PP-2B is a necessary condition for the expression of LTP in CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites.
Polymorphism of a high molecular weight schizont antigen of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (1985)

Intraspecies antigenic diversity in the blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was investigated using a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies and clones of the parasite. The results were as follows: (a) The schizont and merozoite stages of the parasite express on their surface clonally restricted antigens detectable by strain-specific antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence tests. (b) These restricted antigens are phenotypically stable characteristics of clones grown in vitro. (c) The molecules carrying the specific antigens were isolated by immunoprecipitation and were found to be parasite proteins ranging in size from Mr 190,000 to 200,000 between clones. (d) Comparative immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping of these molecules showed that each parasite clone expresses a protein that is antigenically and structurally distinct from the equivalent products of several other clones. (e) The different clonal products are, however, immunologically interrelated, since they possess determinants in common with all tested isolates of the parasite. (f) These polymorphic molecules are closely related to a previously described schizont protein of P. falciparum that is posttranslationally cleaved into fragments located on the merozoite surface. These findings show the existence of a family of related polymorphic schizont antigens (PSA) of P. falciparum, whose expression is clonally restricted, and indicate that these proteins have regions of constant and variable antigenicity. We propose that a system of immunological classification of the parasite can be developed based on the polymorphism of these proteins.
Graphenated carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrochemical double layer capacitor performance (2011)

This letter reports on nucleation and growth of graphene foliates protruding from the sidewalls of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their impact on the electrochemical double-layer capacitance. Arrays of CNTs were grown for different time intervals, resulting in an increasing density of graphene foliates with deposition time. The samples were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Both low and high frequency capacitance increased with increasing foliate density. A microstructural classification is proposed to explain the role of graphene edges, three-dimensional organization, and other features of hybrid carbon systems on their electrochemical properties.
Specific Inhibitors of Bacterial Adhesion: Observations From the Study of Gram-Positive Bacteria that Initiate Biofilm Formation on the Tooth Surface (1997)

Oral surfaces are bathed in secretory antibodies and other salivary macromolecules that are potential inhibitors of specific microbial adhesion. Indigenous Gram-positive bacteria that colonize teeth, including viridans streptococci and actinomyces, may avoid inhibition of adhesion by host secretory molecules through various strategies that involve the structural design and binding properties of bacterial adhesins and receptors. Further studies to define the interactions of these molecules within the host environment may suggest novel approaches for the control of oral biofilm formation.
Hepatitis B virus envelope L protein particles. Synthesis and assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, purification and characterization. (1992)

The hepatitis B virus envelope gene encodes three transmembrane proteins in frame; S, the product of S gene; M, the product of M (pre-S2 + S) gene; and L, the product of L (pre-S1 + pre-S2 + S) gene. Unlike the S and M proteins, attempts to efficiently synthesize L proteins and assemble them into L protein particles in various eukaryotic cells have been unsuccessful, probably because of the presence of the pre-S1 peptide with an unknown function which appears to be inhibitory to the host secretory apparatus. To investigate the role of the pre-S1 peptide, we constructed an L gene fused with a synthetic gene for chicken-lysozyme signal peptide (C-SIG) at the 5'-terminal and placed the resultant gene under the control of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter. After the fused-C-SIG peptide was correctly processed by the yeast secretory apparatus, a yeast transformant synthesized a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 52 kDa at a level of 42% of the total soluble protein. Electron micrographic observation showed that the gene products assembled into 23-nm spherical and filamentous particles. The pre-S peptide of the gene product was deposited into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and well-glycosylated. It seemed that the gene products were accumulated as particles in certain specific membrane structures of the yeast secretory apparatus. Moreover, both the amount of mRNAs specific for the L gene and the in vivo stability of the synthesized L proteins did not change significantly by the addition of the C-SIG gene. These findings indicated that, if the pre-S1 peptide penetrates the ER membrane efficiently, the L proteins can be synthesized cotranslationally, translocate across the ER membrane with its S region, and then assemble by themselves into the particle form. Therefore, the pre-S1 peptide may involve weak or reduced signal peptide activity for recognition by the secretory apparatus and/or for the transport of the pre-S peptide into the ER lumen.
Integrated registration and visualization of medical image data (2002)

Different imaging modalities give insight to vascular, anatomical and functional information which assist diagnosis and therapy planning in medicine. Registration and consecutive visualization allow to combine the image data and thereby convey more meaningful images to the clinician. Applying a voxel based approach based on mutual information, accurate and retrospective registration is provided. However, optimization and consecutive visualization procedures require a huge amount of trilinear interpolation operations to re-sample the data. Ensuring fast performance which is fundamental for medical routine, we suggest an integrated approach which takes advantage of the imaging and texture mapping subsystem of graphics computers. All trilinear interpolation is completely performed with hardware assisted 3D texture mapping. The 1D and 2D histograms of the datasets which are necessary for the calculation of mutual information are obtained with different hardware accelerated imaging operations. For the simultaneous and interactive visualization of the registered datasets a new approach was developed which allows for versatile fusion operations. Using similar procedures supported by hardware, contributes considerably to accelerate registration and visualization. Implementing our approach within a previously presented framework (Hastreiter et al., 1996) (Sommer et al., 1998) based on OpenInventor and OpenGL provides intuitive manipulation. Clinical examples show the value of our approach in practice.
Synthesis and evaluation of some functionalized difuran diesters as plasticizers for PVC (1995)

Abstract Butyl, hexyl, and 2‐ethylhexyl diesters of 1,1‐bis(5‐carboxyl‐2‐furyl)‐2,2‐dichloroethene, hexyl and 2‐ethylhexyl diesters of 1,1‐bis(5‐carboxyl‐2‐furyl) ketone, and the hexyl diester of 1,1‐bis(5‐carboxyl‐2‐furyl)methane were synthesized from furfural and evaluated for their plasticizing abilities toward PVC, by the application of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and [di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a standard of reference. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
A Role for the αvβ3 Integrin in the Transmigration of Monocytes (1998)

The beta2 integrins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are important for monocyte migration through inflammatory endothelium. Here we demonstrate that the integrin alphavbeta3 is also a key player in this process. In an in vitro transendothelial migration assay, monocytes lacking beta3 integrins revealed weak migratory ability, whereas monocytes expressing beta3 integrins engaged in stronger migration. This migration could be partially blocked by antibodies against the integrin chains alphaL, beta2, alphav, or IAP, a protein functionally associated with alphavbeta3 integrin. Transfection of beta3 integrin chain cDNA into monocytes lacking beta3 integrins resulted in expression of the alphavbeta3 integrin and conferred on these cells an enhanced ability to transmigrate through cell monolayers expressing ICAM-1. These monocytes also engaged in alphaLbeta2-dependent locomotion on recombinant ICAM-1 which was enhanced by alphavbeta3 integrin occupancy. Antibodies against IAP were able to revert this alphavbeta3 integrin-dependent cell locomotion to control levels. Finally, adhesion assays revealed that occupancy of alphavbeta3 integrin could decrease monocyte binding to ICAM-1. In conclusion, we show that alphavbeta3 integrin modulates alphaLbeta2 integrin-dependent monocyte adhesion to and migration on ICAM-1. This could represent a novel mechanism to promote monocyte motility on vascular ICAM-1 and initiate subsequent transendothelial migration.
A Stretchable and Highly Sensitive Graphene‐Based Fiber for Sensing Tensile Strain, Bending, and Torsion (2015)

Wearable sensors are increasingly finding their way into applications of kinesthetic sensing, personal health monitoring, and smart prosthetics/robotics. A graphene-based composite fiber sensor with a "compression spring" structure is fabricated, featuring the ability of detecting multiple kinds of deformation. This fiber sensor is integrated into wearable sensors for monitoring human activities and intricate movements of robotics successfully.
A Small-Molecule Photoactivatable Optical Sensor of Transmembrane Potential (2015)

This paper discloses the design, synthesis, and imaging applications of the first member of a new class of SPOTs, small-molecule photoactivatable optical sensors of transmembrane potential. SPOT2.1.Cl features an established voltage-sensitive dye, VoltageFluor2.1.Cl--or VF--capped with a dimethoxy-o-nitrobenzyl (DMNB) caging group to effectively diminish fluorescence of the VF dye prior to uncaging. SPOT2.1.Cl localizes to cell membranes and displays weak fluorescence until photoactivated. Illumination generates the parent VF dye which then optically reports on changes in the membrane voltage. After photoactivation with spatially restricted light, SPOT2.1.Cl-loaded cells display bright, voltage-sensitive fluorescence associated with the plasma membrane, while neighboring cells remain dark. Activated SPOT reports on action potentials in single trials. SPOT can be activated in neuron cell bodies or uncaged in dendrites to enable structural tracing via "backfilling" of the dye to the soma, followed by functional imaging in the labeled cell. The combination of cellular specificity achieved through spatially defined patterns of illumination, coupled with the fast, sensitive, and noncapacitive voltage sensing characteristics of VF dyes makes SPOT2.1.Cl a useful tool for interrogating both structure and function of neuronal systems.
Multi-view Human Motion Capture with an Improved Deformation Skin Model (2008)

Markerless human motion capture has received much attention in computer vision and computer graphics communities. A hierarchical skeleton template is frequently used to model the human body in literature, because it simplifies markerless human motion capture as a problem of estimating the human body shape and joint angle parameters. The proposed work establishes a skeleton based markerless human motion capture framework, comprising of (1) an improved deformation skin model suitable for markerless motion capture while it is compliant with the computer animation standard, (2) image segmentation by using Gaussian mixture static background subtraction and (3) nonlinear dynamic temporal tracking with annealed particle filter. This framework is able to efficiently represent markerless human motion capture as an optimisation problem in the temporal domain and solve it by the classic optimisation scheme. Several experiments are used to illustrate its robustness and accuracy comparing with the existing approach.
Synthesis of Graft Bacterial Polyesters for Nanoparticles Preparation (2003)

Abstract Graft copolymers of bacterial polyesters were prepared by direct condensation of poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate‐ co ‐9‐carboxy‐3‐hydroxydecanoate) (PHOD) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Nanoparticles from PHO, PHOD, PHOD‐ g ‐PEG, and PHOD‐ g ‐PLA were obtained by solvent displacement without stabilizer, and their stability in different aqueous media with different salt concentrations were studied. The results showed that the presence of hydrophilic PEG on the particle surface prevents the aggregation promotion by salts in aqueous solution. PHOD‐ g ‐PEG appears to be a promising candidate for site‐specific drug delivery systems. 1 H NMR spectrum of PHOD‐ g ‐PLA in CDCl 3 . magnified image 1 H NMR spectrum of PHOD‐ g ‐PLA in CDCl 3 .
MEK and PI3K inhibition in solid tumors: rationale and evidence to date (2015)

PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK are the most commonly altered oncogenic pathways in solid malignancies. There has been a lot of enthusiasm to develop inhibitors to these pathways for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the antitumor activities of single-agent therapies have generally been disappointing, excluding B-Raf mutant melanoma and renal cell cancer. Preclinical studies have suggested that concurrent targeting of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways is an active combination in various solid malignancies. In the current work, we review the preclinical data of the PI3K and MEK dual targeting as a cancer therapy and the results of early-phase clinical trials, and propose future directions.
Design and Flight Test of a Differential GPS/Inertial Navigation System for Approach/Landing Guidance (1991)

A flight test project evaluating an integrated differential GPS (DGPS)/inertial navigation system as an approach/landing aid has recently been completed. The test objectives were to acquire a system performance database, and to demonstrate automatic landings using the integrated DGPS/inertial system augmented with barometric and radar altimeters. The airborne and ground components of the DGPS/inertial system are built around standard transport aircraft avionics: a global positioning/inertial reference unit and two GPS sensor units. Flight tests were conducted using a specially modified Boeing 737-100. Performance of the DGPS/inertial system was evaluated in real time by comparison against Microwave Landing System (MLS) position. DGPS/inertial, MLS, and laser tracking system position data were recorded during the tests for postflight analysis. Over 120 landings were flown during the project, 36 of which were fully automatic DGPS/inertial landings. The paper describes the objectives of the project, the system implementation, and the flight tests conducted. Laboratory test results and preliminary flight test results are also presented.
Degradation of endothelial basement membrane by human breast cancer cell lines. (1986)

During metastasis, it is believed that tumor cells destroy the basement membrane (BM) of blood vessels in order to disseminate through the circulatory system. By radioactively labeling the extracellular matrix produced by primary endothelial cells in vitro, the ability of human breast cancer cells to degrade BM components was studied. We found that T-47D, a human breast cancer line, was able to degrade significant amounts of [35S]methionine-labeled and [3H]proline-labeled BM, but not 35SO4-labeled BM. Six other tumor cell lines of human breast origin were assayed in the same manner and were found to degrade BM to varying degrees. Several non-tumor cell lines tested showed relatively little degrading activity. The use of serum-free medium greatly enhanced degradation of the BM by tumor cells, suggesting a role for naturally occurring enzyme inhibitors in the serum. Direct cell contact with the BM was required for BM degradation, suggesting that the active enzymes are cell associated. The addition of hormones implicated in the etiology of breast cancer did not significantly alter the ability of T-47D cells to degrade the BM. The use of this assay affords future studies on the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer.
Intravenous administration of oral N-acetylcysteine (1998)

Intravenous administration of the oral N-acetylcysteine preparation appears to have limited adverse effects and offers another mechanism of delivery of the potentially lifesaving N-acetylcysteine when oral administration is not possible.
Rapid, Nondestructive Total Elemental Analysis of Vertisol Soils using Portable X-ray Fluorescence (2012)

Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry can provide rapid and nondestructive analyses of agriculturally important elements in soil. To assess the applicability of PXRF for total element analysis of Vertisols, 20 soils were collected across northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Comparison of PXRF results were made with conventional standard microwave aqua regia (AR) digestion followed by inductively couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) analysis, laboratory X-ray fluorescence (LXRF), and neutron activation analysis (NAA). Strong linear correlations were found for As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn. We demonstrate that nondestructive analyses for total soil element determination, particularly Ca, Fe, Mn, and P, should now allow rapid elucidation of important chemical processes in Vertisols that are commonly only available following rigorous sample preparation and digestion. The integrated and robust character of PXRF instrumentation, requiring minimal or no dedicated laboratory infrastructure, is readily adaptable to a wide range of analytical situations.
Handling Spelling Errors in Online Catalog Searches (1996)

The purpose of this paper is to add to our understanding and knowledge of spelling errors in online catalog searches based on empirical studies of spelling errors in online catalog searches and suggest ways in which systems that detect such errors should handle the errors that they detect. One study of spelling errors in online catalog searches involved a categorization of user queries for subjects that were extracted from four university libraries’ online catalog transaction logs. The results of the analysis demonstrated that less than 6% of user queries that match the catalog’s controlled and free-text terms contain spelling errors. This percentage did not account for spelling errors in user queries that failed to match the catalog’s controlled and free-text terms, because of the difficulty of verifying certain terms and phrases and of collection failure. The results of a related study involved user responses to an experimental online catalog that detected possibly misspelled words. While the majority of users corrected misspelled query words, a sizable proportion made an action that was even more detrimental than the original misspelling; for example, they added another word or phrase to the query in addition to the misspelled word. This paper concludes with three recommendations for improvements to online catalogs to assist users in the correction of misspelled query words and the detection of queries that fail due to collection failure.
Mutation of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene Mertk in the retinal dystrophic RCS rat (2000)

Vertebrate photoreceptor cells are the basic sensory apparatus of the retina, capable of converting the energy of absorbed photons into neuronal signals. The proximal portions of mammalian photoreceptor outer segments are synthesized daily by cell bodies, and outer segment tips are shed with a circadian rhythm, resulting in a complete turnover of outer segments about every 9 days. The shed outer segments are phagocytosed by adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and metabolites are recycled to photoreceptors. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat is a widely studied, classic model of recessively inherited retinal degeneration in which the RPE fails to phagocytose shed outer segments, and photoreceptor cells subsequently die. We have used a positional cloning approach to study the rdy (retinal dystrophy) locus of the RCS rat. Within a 0.3 cM genetic inclusion interval, we have discovered a small deletion of RCS DNA that disrupts the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase Mertk. The deletion includes the splice acceptor site upstream of the second coding exon of Mertk and results in a shortened transcript that lacks this exon. The aberrant transcript joins the first and third coding exons, leading to a frameshift and a translation termination signal 20 codons after the AUG. The concordance of these and other data indicate that Mertk is probably the gene for rdy. Our results provide genetic evidence for an essential role of a receptor tyrosine kinase in a specialized form of phagocytosis and suggest a molecular model for ingestion of outer segments by RPE cells.
Molecular Assessment of Histopathological Staging in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (1995)

Among specimens initially believed to be negative by light microscopy, a substantial percentage of the surgical margins and lymph nodes from patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck contained p53 mutations specific for the primary tumor. Patients with these positive margins appear to have a substantially increased risk of local recurrence. Molecular analysis of surgical margins and lymph nodes can augment standard histopathological assessment and may improve the prediction of local tumor recurrence.
Analogs of chloramphenicol: circular dichroism spectra, inhibition of ribosomal peptidyltransferase, and possible mechanism of action (1980)

Circular dichroism spectra of series of chloramphenicol derivatives la-r were measured in water at pH 7. Compounds 1a-o exhibit two positive Cotton effects at 310--340 and 240--260 nm, respectively, and a weaker negative Cotton effect at 280--300 nm. In analogues 1c, 11, and 1m there is only a minimum between the two positive Cotton effects. Derivatives 1p--r possess a strong negative Cotton effect at ca. 280 nm. Compounds 1a--r were examined as inhibitors of the puromycin reaction with Escherichia coli 70S ribosome-poly(U)-N-AcPhe-tRNA complex. Analogues 11, 1n, lo, and lq are potent competitive inhibitors of puromycin comparable to or better than chloramphenicol (1b). Compounds 1k and 1m are less active, whereas 1d--g and 1j are only moderately effective. The rest of the analogues have marginal or no activity. The results are compared with previous biological data and discussed in terms of a retro-inverso relationship of chloramphenicol (1b) to the aminoacyl moiety of puromycin (aminoacyl-tRNA) and to a hypothetical transition state of peptide bond formation.