gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF-subcarrier-assisted four-state continuous-variable QKD based on coherent detection (2016)

We theoretically investigate and experimentally demonstrate a RF-assisted four-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. Classical coherent detection is implemented with a simple digital phase noise cancelation scheme. In the proposed system, there is no need for frequency and phase locking between the quantum signals and the local oscillator laser. Moreover, in principle, there is no residual phase noise, and a mean excess noise of 0.0115 (in shot-noise units) can be acquired experimentally. In addition, the minimum transmittance of 0.45 is reached experimentally for secure transmission with commercial photodetectors, and the maximum secret key rate (SKR) of >12 Mbit/s can be obtained. The proposed RF-assisted CV-QKD system opens the door of incorporating microwave photonics into a CV-QKD system and improving the SKR significantly.
Scaffold-Free In Vitro Arterial Mimetics: The Importance of Smooth Muscle–Endothelium Contact (2010)

We have developed an in vitro endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) coculture platform that can mimic either the healthy or diseased state of blood vessels. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and heparin were introduced to the SMC cultures to upregulate the SMC differentiation markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin (homotypic model). Interestingly, seeding of near-confluent concentrations of ECs on the SMCs (heterotypic model) induced higher levels of alpha-SMA and calponin expression in the SMC cultures than did the addition of heparin and TGF-beta1 alone. The expression levels increased further on pretreating the SMCs with TGF-beta1 and heparin before adding a near-confluent monolayer of ECs. In contrast, seeding of sparse concentrations of ECs forced the SMCs into a more hyperplastic state as determined by alpha-SMA and calponin expression. This study highlights the importance of both soluble factors and EC seeding densities when considering culture conditions; in vivo SMCs are in close proximity with and interact with a monolayer of ECs. Our study suggests that this architecture is important for healthy vascular tissue function. In addition, it shows that disruption of this architecture can be used to mimic diseased states. As the EC-SMC coculture model can mimic either a diseased or a healthy blood vessel it may be useful as a test bed for evaluating cardiovascular therapeutics.
Expansion of cytolytic CD8+ natural killer T cells with limited capacity for graft-versus-host disease induction due to interferon γ production (2001)

T cells with natural killer cell phenotype and function (NKT cells) have been described in both human and murine tissues. In this study, culture conditions were developed that resulted in the expansion of CD8(+) NKT cells from bone marrow, thymus, and spleen by the timed addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. After 14 to 21 days in culture, dramatic expansion of CD3(+), CD8(+), alphabetaT-cell receptor(+) T cells resulted with approximately 20% to 50% of the cells also expressing the NK markers NK1.1 and DX5. The CD8(+) NKT cells demonstrated lytic activity against several tumor target cells with more than 90% lysis by day 14 to day 21 of culture. Cytotoxicity was observed against both syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cell targets with the greatest lytic activity by the cells expressing either NK1.1 or DX5. The expanded CD8(+) NKT cells produce T(H)1-type cytokines with high levels of IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Expansion of the CD8(+) NKT cells was independent of CD1d. Ly49 molecules were expressed on only a minority of cells. A single injection of expanded CD8(+) NKT cells was capable of protecting syngeneic animals from an otherwise lethal dose of Bcl1 leukemia cells. Expanded CD8(+) NKT cells produced far less graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) than splenocytes across major histocompatibility barriers, even when 10 times the number of CD8(+) NKT cells as compared to splenocytes were injected. This reduction in GVHD was related to IFN-gamma production since cells expanded from IFN-gamma knock-out animals caused acute lethal GVHD, whereas cells expanded from animals defective in fas ligand, fas, IL-2, and perforin did not. These data indicate that CD8(+) NKT cells expanded in this fashion could be useful for preserving graft-versus-leukemia activity without causing GVHD.
Cloning and Expression of Human Core 1 β1,3-Galactosyltransferase (2002)

The common core 1 O-glycan structure Galbeta1--> 3GalNAc-R is the precursor for many extended mucin-type O-glycan structures in animal cell surface and secreted glycoproteins. Core 1 is synthesized by the transfer of Gal from UDP-Gal to GalNAcalpha1-R by core 1 beta3-galactosyltransferase (core 1 beta3-Gal-T). Amino acid sequences from purified rat core 1 beta3-Gal-T (Ju, T., Cummings, R. D., and Canfield, W. M. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 169-177) were used to identify the core 1 beta3-Gal-T sequences in the human expressed sequence tag data bases. A 1794-bp human core 1 beta3-Gal-T cDNA sequence was determined by sequencing the expressed sequence tag and performing 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The core 1 beta3-Gal-T predicts a 363-amino acid type II transmembrane protein. Expression of both the full-length and epitope-tagged soluble forms of the putative enzyme in human 293T cells generated core 1 beta3-Gal-T activity that transferred galactose from UDP-Gal to GalNAcalpha1-O-phenyl, and a synthetic glycopeptide with Thr-linked GalNAc and the product was shown to have the core 1 structure. Northern analysis demonstrated widespread expression of core 1 beta3-Gal-T in tissues with a predominance in kidney, heart, placenta, and liver. Highly homologous cDNAs were identified and cloned from rat, mouse, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that the enzyme is widely distributed in metazoans. The core 1 beta3-Gal-T sequence has minimal homology with conserved sequences found in previously described beta3-galactosyltransferases, suggesting this enzyme is only distantly related to the known beta3-galactosyltransferase family.
Single Molecule Sequencing with a HeliScope Genetic Analysis System (2010)

Helicos™ Single Molecule Sequencing (SMS) provides a unique view of genome biology through direct sequencing of cellular nucleic acids in an unbiased manner, providing both accurate quantitation and sequence information. Sample preparation does not require ligation or PCR amplification, avoiding the GC-content and size biases observed in other technologies. DNA is simply sheared, tailed with poly(A), and hybridized to a flow cell surface containing oligo(dT) for sequencing-by-synthesis of billions of molecules in parallel. This process also requires far less material than other technologies. Gene expression measurements can be done using first-strand cDNA-based methods (RNA-Seq) or using a novel approach that allows direct hybridization and sequencing of cellular RNA for the most direct quantitation possible. In this unit, principles and methods for using the Helicos® Genetic Analysis System are discussed.
Prooligonucleotides Exhibit Less Serum-Protein Binding Than Phosphodiester and Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides (2000)

The protein-binding properties of dodecathymidine derivatives (prooligos) bearing either methyl- or tert-butyl-S-acylthioethyl (Me- or tBuSATE) protecting groups were evaluated. The dissociation constants (Kd) were estimated for complexes of prooligos with serum blood proteins and lactoferrin using prooligos to compete the binding of the radiolabeled, alkylating probe oligonucleotide CIRp(T)12 with the proteins. tBuSATE and MeSATE prooligos have decreased affinity of binding with serum proteins and lactoferrin compared with their parent oligos. These data suggest that prooligos should cause less side effects which combined with their stability to nucleases and enhanced permeability into cells make them potentially useful for design of therapeutics.
ErbB3 plays a key role in the early phase of establishment of resistance to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors (2015)

Background A major issue in the management of cancer is the development of drug resistance. In metastatic melanoma bearing V600 mutations in the BRAF oncogene, all patients undergo disease relapse after combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Hence, understanding the mechanisms at the basis of development of resistance is fundamental to the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. In our group we have spent the last years to identify mechanisms of early adaptation of BRAF mutated melanoma to BRAF and or MEK inhibitors. We have recently shown that the ErbB3 receptor is involved in the activation of an early feedback survival loop upon cell exposure to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Upregulation of pErbB3, due to enhanced production of its ligand neuregulin-1 (HRG), causes increased AKT phosphorylation and cell survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of the ErbB3/AKT axis is abrogated by cotreatment with anti-ErbB3 mAbs previously generated in our laboratory.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Fructooligosaccharide-Producing β-Fructofuranosidase Gene from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 (2001)

The fopA gene encoding a fructooligosaccharide-producing beta-fructofuranosidase was isolated from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. The primary structure deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed considerable similarity to those of two other beta-fructofuranosidases from A. niger, but the fopA gene product had several amino acid insertions and an extra C-terminal polypeptide consisting of 38 amino acids that could not be found in the two others. We could successfully express the fopA gene in S. cerevisiae and the fopA gene product obtained from the culture supernatant of the S. cerevisiae transformant had similar characteristics to the beta-fructofuranosidase purified from A. niger ATCC 20611. However, we could not detect any beta-fructofuranosidase activity in either the culture supernatant or cell lysate when the C-terminal truncated fopA gene product by 38 amino acids was used to transform S. cerevisiae. In western analysis of those samples, there was no protein product that is cross-reacted with anti-beta-fructofuranosidase antibody. These results suggested that the C-terminal region of the fopA gene product consisting of 38 amino acids was essential for the enzyme production.
Safety and immunogenicity of meningococcal A and C polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in adults (1994)

A meningococcal vaccine containing group A and C polysaccharides conjugated to CRM197 was evaluated in 50 adults. Vaccinees were entered into one of five groups: 30 adults received a single dose of either 22, 11, or 5.5 micrograms of the conjugated A-C vaccine; 10 received an approved meningococcal vaccine; and 10 received saline injections. Local and systemic reactions to vaccines were recorded, and immune responses were determined. The experimental meningococcal vaccine was well tolerated, with the most frequent reaction being pain at the injection site. Both A and C polysaccharide components of the experimental vaccine were highly immunogenic, and total antibody concentrations 1 month postvaccination were not significantly different from the mean antibody concentrations among adults given the approved meningococcal vaccine. In addition, significant rises in immunoglobulin G, A, and M antibodies to both A and C polysaccharides occurred. Antibody concentrations measured at 6 and 12 months postvaccination had declined but remained significantly higher than prevaccination concentrations. Postvaccination meningococcal group C functional antibody activity increased more than 600-fold for both the polysaccharide and the conjugate vaccines. Further studies of this conjugated meningococcal vaccine are indicated for young children and infants.
Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: a systematic review and analysis of reported sequence variants (2007)

Despite the large body of mutational data available for melanoma and epidemiological studies linking this cancer to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the fundamental carcinogenic mechanisms involved in melanoma remain largely unknown. To this end, we systematically reviewed, extracted, and analyzed mutational data from the extant melanoma literature in an effort to gain more insight into its early pathogenic events. We searched PubMed (1966-January 2006) using the words "mutation" AND "melanoma" in the title or abstract. Out of 2,095 returned results, there were 203 eligible studies that were subsequently analyzed. We cataloged 8,201 somatic and cultured melanoma specimens and annotated 2,041 reported somatic sequence variants. The single BRAF c.1799T>A (p.Val600Glu) alteration is the most prevalent variant while other A:T>T:A transversions were uncommon. Four highly-recurrent, non-ultraviolet B (UVB) changes account for most of the NRAS and BRAF variants. CDKN2A, PTEN/MMAC1, and TP53 harbored statistically higher rates of UVB signature changes (64.2%, 52.4%, and 69.2%, respectively) than oncogenic loci (NRAS: 15.3% and BRAF: 2.4%). More specifically, cutaneous melanomas showed a significantly higher proportion of UVB signature mutations at both TP53 and CDKN2A when compared to non-skin cancers using data from their respective locus-specific databases. Superficial spreading and nodular melanomas had the highest rates of BRAF (53.4%) and NRAS (28.0%) mutations. In melanoma, there is sufficient mutational evidence to support a role for direct UVB participation, especially at TP53 and CDKN2A. For oncogenes, the role for UVB is less clear since functionally-activating changes are uncommon and are subject to sequence constraints.
A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater–surface-water interactions (2015)

Groundwater–surface-water (GW-SW) interactions in streams are difficult to quantify because of heterogeneity in hydraulic and reactive processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3rd-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface–subsurface exchange patterns in the upper ⅔ and lower ⅓ of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting ∼40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research.
Photo-, Thermo-, Solvato-, and Electrochromic Spiroheterocyclic Compounds (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhoto-, Thermo-, Solvato-, and Electrochromic Spiroheterocyclic CompoundsVladimir I. MinkinView Author Information Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Rostov State University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov on Don, Russian Federation Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 5, 2751–2776Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2004Publication History Received28 July 2003Published online4 March 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020088uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020088uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10649Altmetric-Citations834LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Irradiation,Molecular structure,Ring opening reactions,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Generalized minimum shift-keying modulation techniques (1988)

The simultaneous data demodulation and phase tracking of an MSK signal using the Viterbi algorithm is described, and two variations of MSK modulation are studied. The MSK with overlay is a dual-rate modulation techniques in which low-rate and high-rate data are superimposed on an MSK signal. Here the demodulator uses the Viterbi algorithm to estimate both the low-rate and high-rate data simultaneously. The MSK with pseudorandom sequence spreading combats intentional or unintentional jamming. A simplified receiver for these spread-spectrum MSK signals is found that takes into consideration the effect of random phase perturbations. The performance of these demodulators is evaluated using transfer-function bounds for the bit error probability. For demodulation of the spread spectrum MSK signal, a simplified receiver is derived, and its performance in the presence of continuous jamming is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transgenic mouse model of the mild dominant form of osteogenesis imperfecta. (1990)

Osteogenesis imperfecta type I is a mild, dominantly inherited, connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility. Mutations in type I collagen account for all known cases. In Mov-13 mice, integration of a murine retrovirus within the first intron of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene results in a null allele blocked at the level of transcription. This study demonstrates that mutant mice heterozygous for the null allele are a model of osteogenesis imperfecta type I. A defect in type I collagen production is associated with dominant-acting morphological and functional defects in mineralized and nonmineralized connective tissue and with progressive hearing loss. The model provides an opportunity to investigate the effect of a reduced amount of type I collagen on the structure and integrity of extracellular matrix. It also may represent a system in which therapeutic strategies to strengthen connective tissue can be developed.
A 19F nuclear magnetic resonance study of uptake and metabolism of 5-fluorocytosine in susceptible and resistant strains of Candida albicans (1986)

The metabolism of the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was studied in intact viable cells of Candida albicans by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The uptake of the drug and its conversion to the deaminated product 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were easily observed by NMR analysis of both the cells and the supernatants of the incubation mixture. In the 5-FC-resistant mutant D14 of C. albicans, which lacked cytosine deaminase activity, the resonance peak of 5-FU was not observed. In intact cells of all 5-FC-susceptible strains the metabolism of 5-FU progressed to the formation of other fluorinated derivatives which were visualized as a single, broad resonance band at a lower field with respect to 5-FC and 5-FU. This band was resolved into three distinct peaks in the acid extract of treated cells, one of these peaks being attributable to 5-fluoro-dUMP (5-FdUMP). In strain 72R of C. albicans, which is 5-FC resistant because of a low level of UMP-pyrophosphorylase activity, the broad, low-field resonance band was detected later and with much less intensity than in the 5-FC-sensitive strains. This suggests that, besides 5-FdUMP, this band is also contributed to by 5-FUMP and possibly other phosphorylated derivatives. 19F NMR analysis also revealed that a significant amount of 5-FU is secreted into the external medium, the rate of secretion being higher in 5-FC-resistant strain 72R than in 5-FC-sensitive strain 72S. Although not all resonances were definitely identified, this study shows that 19F NMR spectroscopy may be an important tool for noninvasive analysis of the metabolism of fluorinated drugs in yeasts.
Recent developments and the current state of the Chinese steel market and steel industry (2002)

Since 1953, under successive 5-year development plans, the structure and the production level of the Chinese steel industry has considerably changed. Although the share of flat products has increased, China remains a net importer of these products and other high value added products. In connection with the development of the consuming industries, the Chinese steel industry is undergoing important transformations, in structure, technology, capacity and efficiency.
Matching People and Organizations: Selection and Socialization in Public Accounting Firms (1991)

Understanding and predicting behavior in organizations requires a consideration of person and situation factors, and how these factors interact. This paper develops and longitudinally tests a model...
In vivo random beta-glucuronidase gene fusions in Arabidopsis thaliana. (1991)

Vectors were constructed for the isolation of random transcriptional and translational beta-glucuronidase gene fusions in plants. This system is based on the random integration of the transferred DNA (T-DNA) into the plant nuclear genome. The Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase coding sequence without promoter, and also devoid of its ATG initiation site in the translational gene fusion vector, was inserted in the T-DNA with its 5' end at a distance of 4 base pairs from the right T-DNA border sequence. Transgenic plants can be selected by using a chimeric (P35S-nptII-3' ocs) kanamycin-resistance gene present in the same T-DNA. Subsequent screening of these for beta-glucuronidase expression allows the identification of clones harboring a fusion of the beta-glucuronidase coding sequence with plant 5' regulatory sequences. After transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana C24 root explants, beta-glucuronidase expression was detected in 54% and 1.6% of the plants transformed with the transcriptional and translational fusion vectors, respectively. Several different patterns of tissue-specific beta-glucuronidase expression were identified. The plant upstream sequence of a beta-glucuronidase fusion that is specifically expressed in the phloem of all organs was cloned and sequenced. After introduction in A. thaliana C24 and Nicotiana tabacum SR1, this sequence mediates the same highly phloem-specific beta-glucuronidase expression pattern as in the original transgenic plant from which it was isolated. These data demonstrate that this system facilitates the isolation and analysis of plant DNA sequences mediating regulated gene expression.