gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fgf-8, activated by proviral insertion, cooperates with the Wnt-1 transgene in murine mammary tumorigenesis (1995)

We have used mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infection of Wnt-1 transgenic mice to accelerate mammary tumorigenesis and to molecularly tag insertionally activated proto-oncogenes that cooperate oncogenically with Wnt-1 (G. M. Shackleford, C. A. MacArthur, H. C. Kwan, and H. E. Varmus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:740-744, 1993). Here we report the identification and characterization of a 31-kb genomic locus that contains clonal MMTV integrations in 8 of 80 mammary tumors from MMTV-infected Wnt-1 transgenic mice. Two genes were identified within this locus, one of which was transcriptionally activated by MMTV insertions. This activated gene is identical to androgen-induced growth factor (AIGF/Fgf-8) (A. Tanaka, K. Miyamoto, N. Minamino, M. Takeda, B. Sato, H. Matsuo, and K. Matsumoto, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8928-8932, 1992), the eighth member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Transcriptional activation of Fgf-8 was found in all tumors with MMTV insertions in this locus. Fgf-8 mRNA was absent in normal mammary glands and was detected only in adult testis and ovary and in midgestational embryos. The sequences of Fgf-8 genomic and cDNA clones revealed five coding exons, in contrast to the three coding exons found in other FGF genes. cDNAs encoding three isoforms of the FGF-8 protein were isolated. The three corresponding mRNAs resulted from the alternative use of two 5' splice sites and two 3' splice sites for the second and third exons, respectively. These results implicate Fgf-8 as the third FGF gene found to cooperate with Wnt-1 in MMTV-induced murine mammary tumorigenesis, suggesting that FGFs and Wnts are strong collaborators in this process.
Cardiovascular Events and Their Reduction With Pravastatin in Diabetic and Glucose-Intolerant Myocardial Infarction Survivors With Average Cholesterol Levels (1998)

Diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients with impaired fasting glucose are at high risk of recurrent coronary events that can be substantially reduced by pravastatin treatment.
Sequence of Interactions in Receptor-G Protein Coupling (2004)

Guanine nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric G proteins catalyzed by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a key event in many physiological processes. The crystal structures of the GPCR rhodopsin and two G proteins as well as binding sites on both catalytically interacting proteins are known, but the temporal sequence of events leading to nucleotide exchange remains to be elucidated. We employed time-resolved near infrared light scattering to study the order in which the Galpha and Ggamma C-terminal binding sites on the holo-G protein interact with the active state of the GPCR rhodopsin (R*) in native membranes. We investigated these key binding sites within mass-tagged peptides and G proteins and found that their binding to R* is mutually exclusive. The interaction of the holo-G protein with R* requires at least one of the lipid modifications of the G protein (i.e. myristoylation of the Galpha N terminus and/or farnesylation of the Ggamma C terminus). A holo-G protein with a high affinity Galpha C terminus shows a specific change of the reaction rate in the GDP release and GTP uptake steps of catalysis. We interpret the data by a sequential fit model where (i) the initial encounter between R* and the G protein occurs with the Gbetagamma subunit, and (ii) the Galpha C-terminal tail then interacts with R* to release bound GDP, thereby decreasing the affinity of R* for the Gbetagamma subunit. The mechanism limits the time in which both C-terminal binding sites of the G protein interact simultaneously with R* to a short lived transitory state.
The antigen-processing mutant T2 suggests a role for MHC-linked genes in class II antigen presentation (1992)

.174xCEM.T2 (T2) is a human cell hybrid that has a large homozygous deletion within the MHC, including all of the functional class II genes. We have generated stable HLA-DR3 and H-2 I-Ak transfectants of T2 that express parental levels of class II molecules at the cell surface. T2.Ak transfectants fail to stimulate a hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific, I-Ak-restricted T cell when incubated with intact HEL. However, stimulation occurs if the appropriate HEL peptide is provided. The T2 cell line therefore has a defect in class II-restricted Ag processing. Biosynthetic studies demonstrate that the kinetics of I-Ak transport in T2.Ak are similar to the parental rates of transport, although the percentage of I-Ak molecules transported appears somewhat lower. I-Ak glycoproteins in T2.Ak associate normally with the I-chain, which appears to be proteolytically cleaved after transport through the Golgi apparatus in a similar fashion to that in the parent cell line, .174xCEM.T1 (T1). The DR alpha beta heterodimers in T2 differ from the parental phenotype in two ways. First, HLA-DR3 expressed in T2 does not have the epitope recognized by the DR3-specific mAb 16.23, although DR3 expressed in the parent does have the epitope. Second, the alpha beta subunits in the parent remain associated when exposed to SDS at room temperature, although those in T2 dissociate.
Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of muscle afferents and central command in regulating sympathetic nerve activity during static exercise in humans. In 20 healthy subjects, we recorded heart rate, arterial pressure, and efferent sympathetic nerve activity in the leg during arm exercise. Microelectrodes were inserted percutaneously into a fascicle of the peroneal nerve to measure sympathetic discharge to muscle. Measurements were obtained in nine subjects during sustained handgrip (30% maximal voluntary contraction) followed by relaxation or by arrested circulation of the forearm. Heart rate and arterial pressure increased during the first and second minutes of handgrip. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased from 261 +/- 46 to 504 +/- 97 units (mean +/- SE; units = burst frequency X amplitude; P less than 0.05) during the second minute of handgrip. During forearm ischemia following handgrip, heart rate returned promptly to control, whereas arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (631 +/- 115 units) remained elevated. In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity returned toward control during relaxation without arrested circulation. These data indicate that muscle sympathetic nerve activity is increased by stimulation of chemically sensitive muscle afferents. To determine the influence of central command on muscle sympathetic nerve activity, we compared responses during an involuntary and a voluntary biceps contraction, each at 20% maximal voluntary contraction. Both maneuvers raised arterial pressure, but heart rate increased only during voluntary contraction. More importantly, muscle sympathetic nerve activity rose during involuntary contraction, but fell during voluntary effort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cutworm Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco, Ontario, Canada, 1984 (1986)

Abstract Three experiments, including rye cover crop, soil and tobacco seedling treatments, were carried out in a Fox loamy sand field at the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Delhi, Ontario. Plots measured 76 × 14ft and were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications in each experiment. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of tobacco wiih 38 plants in each row, the outside 2 rows in each plot being guard rows. Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on 28 May. Furthermore, 2 subplots (12 × 12 inches each) were established in each plot. Test insects were 4th- and 5th-stage larvae for rye treatment and 6th- and 7th-stage larvae for soil and tobacco seedling treatments. The insecticides were broadcast evenly on the rye cover crop on 18 Apr, soil surface on 16 May, and on tobacco seedlings on 5 Jun, using a power sprayer equipped with 80-04 Tee Jet nozzles applying 25 gal of liquid per acre at 3.5 mph and 32 psi. Ten larvae were placed in each subplot 2 h before treatment. The larvae were retained in the subplots by aluminum barrier strips 8 inches high with 3 inches embedded in the ground to prevent the larvae of the darksided cutworm from escaping. Mortality counts of the larvae in the subplots were made daily for 5 days.
New fluorinating reagents. Dialkylaminosulfur fluorides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew fluorinating reagents. Dialkylaminosulfur fluoridesWilliam J. MiddletonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 5, 574–578Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00893a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00893a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9205Altmetric-Citations811LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Chloropyridazines with N,N‐Dimethylformamide. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum III. Signal recognition protein (SRP) causes signal sequence-dependent and site-specific arrest of chain elongation that is released by microsomal membranes. (1981)

The previously observed (Walter, et al. 1981 J. Cell Biol. 91:545-550) inhibitory effect of SRP selectively on the cell-free translation of mRNA for secretory protein (preprolactin) was shown here to be caused by a signal sequence-induced and site-specific arrest in polypeptide chain elongation. The Mr of the SRP-arrested nascent preprolactin chain was estimated to be 8,000 corresponding to approximately 70 amino acid residues. Because the signal sequence of preprolactin comprises 30 residues and because approximately 40 residues of the nascent chain are buried (protected from protease) in the large ribosomal subunit, we conclude that it is the interaction of SRP with the amino-terminal signal peptide of the nascent chain (emerged from the large ribosomal subunit) that modulates translation and thereby causes an arrest in chain elongation. This arrest is released upon SRP-mediated binding of the elongation-arrested ribosomes to the microsomal membrane, resulting in chain completion and translocation into the microsomal vesicle.
Constitutive Gs activation using a single-construct tetracycline-inducible expression system in embryonic stem cells and mice (2011)

Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a single-vector strategy that combines both the tTA and TRE tetracycline-regulated components for use in cells and mouse models. Although the EF1α promoter is useful for driving expression in pluripotent cells, a single copy of the EF1α promoter did not drive high levels of mCherry and Rs1 expression in the differentiated tissues of adult mice. These findings indicate that promoter selection is an important factor when developing transgene expression models.
Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin PolymerizationGregory G. HlatkyView Author Information Equistar Chemicals, LP, Equistar Technology Center 11530 Northlake Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 4, 1347–1376Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2000Publication History Received30 August 1999Published online4 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9902401Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5824Altmetric-Citations663LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (738 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Polymers,Sandwich compounds,Silica Get e-Alerts
The amino acid sequences of the Fd fragments of two human γ 1 heavy chains (1970)

The amino acid sequences of the Fd fragments of two human pathological immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin G1 class are reported. Comparison of the two sequences shows that the heavy-chain variable regions are similar in length to those of the light chains. The existence of heavy chain variable region subgroups is also deduced, from a comparison of these two sequences with those of another gamma 1 chain, Eu, a mu chain, Ou, and the partial sequence of a fourth gamma 1 chain, Ste. Carbohydrate has been found to be linked to an aspartic acid residue in the variable region of one of the gamma 1 chains, Cor.
Mixed Reality Benefits for Design Perception (2002)

Mixed Reality Benefits for Design Perception P. Dunston, X. Wang, M. Billinghurst, B. Hampson Pages 191-196 (2002 Proceedings of the 19th ISARC, Washington, USA, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Design visualization is key to the communication and shared perception of designs and is essential for meaningful design development and collaborations. The initial development of an Augmented Reality Computer Aided Drawing (AR CAD) system for enhancing visualization of models created in standard CAD was presented at the 17th ISARC. AR CAD features a more natural mode for changing views of the model and completely understanding the model content. Expected benefits are improved efficiency in the design detailing function, both for the individual detailer and for design collaborations where maintaining an accurate shared understanding of the design model is critical. An experimental program is under way to examine the impact of AR CAD upon a user?s perception and recall of a design model. Related experiments with desktop and immersive virtual environments have found that motion cues can indeed markedly improve spatial cognition. It is expected that we will see the same benefits in our AR CAD system, although until now such studies have not been conducted in an AR environment. This paper presents the rationale for experiments to measure the impact of AR CAD in terms of cognition cost, and it lays the foundation for further application of Mixed Reality (MR) technology to the design, construction, and maintenance phases of a facility?s life cycle. MR applications may prove promising for effective communication of designs for prefabrication, site installation, and the planning and excecution of maintenance operations. Keywords: 3D CAD; Augmented Reality; Mixed Reality; spatial cognition; visualization; Virtual Reality DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2002/0030 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Scheduling dynamic dataflow graphs with bounded memory using the token flow model (1993)

The authors build upon research by E. A. Lee (1991) concerning the token flow model, an analytical model for the behavior of dataflow graphs with data-dependent control flow, by analyzing the properties of cycles of the schedule: sequences of actor executions that return the graph to its initial state. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a bounded cyclic schedule as well as sufficient conditions for execution of the graph in bounded memory. The techniques presented apply to a more general class of dataflow graphs than previous methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Serum Free Circulating DNA Is a Useful Biomarker to Distinguish Benign versus Malignant Prostate Disease (2010)

Our study shows that adding fcDNA to prostate cancer screening can reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Antiestrogens. 2. Structure-activity studies in a series of 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives leading to [6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thien-3-yl]-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methanone hydrochloride (LY 156758), a remarkably effective estrogen antagonist with only minimal intrinsic estrogenicity (1984)

In an effort to prepare nonsteroidal antiestrogens demonstrating greater antagonism and less intrinsic estrogenicity than those currently available, a series of 3-aroyl-2-arylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives was synthesized. These compounds were prepared by Friedel-Crafts aroylation of appropriate O-protected 2-arylbenzo[b]thiophene nuclei with basic side-chain-bearing benzoyl chlorides followed by removal of the protective groups to provide the desired compounds containing both hydroxyl and basic side-chain functionality. A particularly useful method for the cleavage of aryl methoxy ethers without removal of (dialkylamino)ethoxy side chain functionality elsewhere in the molecule was found to be AlCl3/EtSH. The benzothiophene derivatives were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth-stimulating action of estradiol on the immature rat uterus. Seemingly minor changes in the side-chain amine moiety were found to have profound effects on the ability of the compounds to antagonize estradiol. Analogues having basic side chains containing cyclic (pyrrolidine, piperidine, and hexamethyleneamine) moieties were found to have less intrinsic estrogenicity and to antagonize estradiol action more completely than their noncyclic counterparts. The most effective antiestrogen in the series, compound 44, [6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b] thien-3-yl]-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methanone, elicited a modest uterotropic activity that did not increase with increasing dose. In antagonism of estradiol, 44 exhibited a degree of inhibition surpassing that of tamoxifen at any dose tested. The new benzothiophene antiestrogen was also shown to have high affinity for rat uterine cycloplasmic estrogen receptor and to be an inhibitor of the growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors.
Production of activin A and its roles in inflammation and hematopoiesis. (1997)

Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, is a protein consisting of two homodimeric beta A subunits. It was originally isolated from follicular fluid as a factor stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. Increasing evidence suggests that activin A is broadly distributed and regulates multiple functions in various biological systems by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the effects of activin A on hematopoiesis, especially the enhancement of erythropoiesis, and the production of activin A within the bone marrow microenvironment and in peripheral blood monocytes. The regulatory control of activin A expression by its 5' promoter region is also discussed. Furthermore, we consider that the expression of activin A is modulated by different agents, including proinflammatory cytokines, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid, suggesting new roles for activin A in inflammation reactions. Recently, this role in inflammation was further strengthened by the findings that activin A expression is elevated in inflammatory arthropathies, is regulated by inflammation-associated cytokines in synoviocyte and articular chondrocyte cultures, and is able to counteract many of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced biological activities. Therefore it is likely that activin A may also act as a paracrine/autocrine moderator in diverse functions, including host defenses.
Design of a Mosaic BGO Detector System for Positron CT (1986)

A new scintillation detector system has been designed for application in high spatial resolution positron CT (PCT) system. Many small BGO crystals are closely packed and coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT). The detector performance and feasibility for PCT are discussed based on both calculations and experiments. The coincidence response function of approximately 3.2mm FWHM and coincidence time resolution of less than 6ns FWHM were obtained. The results promise the possibility of a new high resolution PCT system.
Atomic Layer Deposition to Fine-Tune the Surface Properties and Diameters of Fabricated Nanopores (2004)

Atomic layer deposition of alumina enhanced the molecule sensing characteristics of fabricated nanopores by fine-tuning their surface properties, reducing 1/f noise, neutralizing surface charge to favor capture of DNA and other negative polyelectrolytes, and controlling the diameter and aspect ratio of the pores with near single Ångstrom precision. The control over the chemical and physical nature of the pore surface provided by atomic layer deposition produced a higher yield of functional nanopore detectors.