gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of Opals from Polydisperse Nanoparticles (1995)

We report the reversible formation of crystals of nanoparticles (opals) from solutions of polydisperse gold nanocrystals. The structures are identified by transmission electron microscopy, and are characterized by hexagonal domains of large particles at the center, surrounded radially by successively smaller particles. Simulated annealing Monte Carlo calculations are used to demonstrate that these configurations correspond to minimization of the mesoscopic van der Waals energy of polydisperse particles, and the driving force for ordering is the size dependence of dispersional attractions.
DataShot: Automatic Generation of Fact Sheets from Tabular Data (2019)

Fact sheets with vivid graphical design and intriguing statistical insights are prevalent for presenting raw data. They help audiences understand data-related facts effectively and make a deep impression. However, designing a fact sheet requires both data and design expertise and is a laborious and time-consuming process. One needs to not only understand the data in depth but also produce intricate graphical representations. To assist in the design process, we present DataShot which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first automated system that creates fact sheets automatically from tabular data. First, we conduct a qualitative analysis of 245 infographic examples to explore general infographic design space at both the sheet and element levels. We identify common infographic structures, sheet layouts, fact types, and visualization styles during the study. Based on these findings, we propose a fact sheet generation pipeline, consisting of fact extraction, fact composition, and presentation synthesis, for the auto-generation workflow. To validate our system, we present use cases with three real-world datasets. We conduct an in-lab user study to understand the usage of our system. Our evaluation results show that DataShot can efficiently generate satisfactory fact sheets to support further customization and data presentation.
Combinatorial Generation and Replication-Directed Assembly of Complex and Varied Geometries with Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers (2007)

Directed assembly of fine-scale, very complex patterns with a variety of features, including terminations, jogs, disclinations, acute and obtuse bends, and sharp radii of curvature, was achieved with a symmetric poly(styrene-block-methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer. The complex pattern was generated spontaneously by spin coating and annealing a thin film of a lamellae-forming block copolymer on a chemically neutral surface. The resulting "fingerprint" pattern had a domain spacing of 47.5 nm. Oxygen plasma treatment of the block copolymer converted it into an insoluble chemical nanopattern that was quantified by XPS, goniometry, and the wetting behavior of the block copolymer. Spin coating a second thin film of the block copolymer and annealing resulted in directed assembly that replicated the fingerprint pattern, including the most complicated defect structures. A computer vision algorithm was developed and implemented to compare the patterns quantitatively, taking into account inherent differences in image contrast, scale, rotation, and translation.
The induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with solubilized viral and membrane proteins. (1978)

Reconstituted membranes were prepared from detergent solubilized P815 (H-2d) tumor cell membranes and solubilized Sendai virus protein. These reconstituted membranes stimulated a virus-specific H-2-restricted secondary CTL response. Stimulating activity was dependent upon the presence of both viral and P815 protein in the same membrane and was restricted to the H-2 specificity present in the reconstituted membrane. Liposomes prepared from solubilized Sendai virus proteins and partially purified H-2 alloantigen also had activity for CTL induction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using detergent solubilized membrane proteins to study antigen recognition by virus-specific, H-2 restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Intensity dependence of photoluminescence in GaN thin films (1994)

We report the intensity dependence of band-gap and midgap photoluminescence in GaN films grown by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the band-gap luminescence depends linearly while the midgap luminescence has a nonlinear dependence on the incident light intensity. These data were compared with a simple recombination model which assumes a density of recombination centers 2.2 eV below the conduction band edge. The concentration of these centers is higher in films grown at higher microwave power in the ECR plasma.
Stimulation via the CD3 and CD28 molecules induces responsiveness to IL-4 in CD4+CD29+CD45R- memory T lymphocytes. (1989)

Although both IL-2 and IL-4 can promote the growth of activated T cells, IL-4 appears to selectively promote the growth of those helper/inducer and cytolytic T cells which have been activated via their CD3/TCR complex. The present study examines the participation of CD28 and certain other T cell-surface molecules in inducing T cell responsiveness to IL-4. Purified small high density T cells were cultured in the absence of accessory cells with various soluble anti-human T cell mAb with or without soluble anti-CD3 mAb and their responsiveness to IL-4 was studied. None of the soluble anti-T cell mAb alone was able to induce T cell proliferation in response to IL-4. A combination of soluble anti-CD3 with anti-CD28 mAb but not with mAb directed at the CD2, CD5, CD7, CD11a/CD18, or class I MHC molecules induced T cell proliferation in response to IL-4. Anti-CD2 and anti-CD5 mAb enhanced and anti-CD18 mAb inhibited this anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 mAb-induced T cell response to IL-4. In addition, anti-CD2 in combination with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAb induced modest levels of T cell proliferation even in the absence of exogenous cytokines. IL-1, IL-6, and TNF were each unable to replace either anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 mAb in the induction of T cell responsiveness to IL-4, but both IL-1 and TNF enhanced this response. The anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 mAb-induced response to IL-4 was exhibited only by cells within the CD4+CD29+CD45R- memory T subpopulation, and not by CD8+ or CD4+CD45R+ naive T cells. When individually cross-linked with goat anti-mouse IgG antibody immobilized on plastic surface, only anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAb were able to induce T cell proliferation. These results indicate that the CD3 and CD28 molecules play a crucial role in inducing T cell responsiveness to IL-4 and that the CD2, CD5, and CD11a/CD18 molecules influence this process.
Thyroxine analogs. 20. Substituted 1- and 2-naphthyl ethers of 3,5-diiodotyrosine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThyroxine analogs. 20. Substituted 1- and 2-naphthyl ethers of 3,5-diiodotyrosineEugene C. Jorgensen and Peter SladeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 11, 1023–1026Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00293a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00293a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Responsiveness of developing dental tissues to fibroblast growth factors: expression of splicing alternatives of FGFR1, -2, -3, and of FGFR4; and stimulation of cell proliferation by FGF-2, -4, -8, and -9 (1998)

To elucidate the roles of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in tooth development, we have analyzed the expression patterns of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) in mouse teeth by in situ hybridization and studied the effects of FGF-2, -4, -8, and -9 on cell proliferation in vitro by local application with beads on isolated dental mesenchymes. mRNAs of FGFR-1, -2, and -3 were localized by probes specific for the alternative splice variants IIIb and IIIc. The expression patterns of FGFR1 -2, and -3 were completely different, and the two splicing variants of FGFR1 and 2 exhibited different expression domains. FGFR4 was not expressed in the developing teeth. The IIIb splice forms of FGFR1 and -2 were expressed in the dental epithelium during morphogenesis. The IIIc splice form of FGFR1 was expressed both in epithelium and mesenchyme whereas FGFR2 IIIc was confined to the mesenchymal cells of the dental follicle. Both splice forms of FGFR3 were expressed in dental papilla mesenchyme. None of the FGF-receptors was detected in the primary enamel knot, the putative signaling center regulating tooth morphogenesis. This may explain the fact that enamel knot cells do not proliferate, although they express intensely mitogenic FGFs. Beads releasing FGF-2, -4, -8, or -9 proteins stimulated cell proliferation in cultured dental mesenchymes. These data, together with our earlier data on FGF expression [Kettunen and Thesleff (1998): Dev Dyn 211:256-268] suggest that FGF-8 and -9 mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth initiation. During advancing morphogenesis FGF-3, -4, and -9 may act both on mesenchyme and epithelium. Finally, the intense expression of FGFR1 in odontoblasts and ameloblasts and FGFR2 IIIb in ameloblasts suggests that FGFs participate in regulation of their differentiation and/or secretory functions.
Steroid receptors in human breast cancer. (1978)

Non-stoichiometric almost single-phase AB55 materials were prepared using the melt-spinning technique. Characteristic of these materials is the anisotropically deformed crystal lattices (decreased a-axis and increased c-axis), resulting from the excess of B-elements incorporated in the hP6-CaCu5 structure. These materials show (i) an excellent long-term stability during electrochemical cycling in alkaline solution, indicating that the oxidation resistivity strongly depends on the extent of the crystal lattice deformation\nand (ii) a relatively poor electrocatalytic activity ‘vhich can be attributed to the absence of highly catalytic second-phase alloys. Annealing of the as-prepared samples induces the deformed crystal lattice to relax by secreting the excess of B-elements. As a consequence, double-phase materials are formed, consisting of hydride-forming compounds with compositions close to the AB5 stoichiometry and second-phase alloys.\nThese double-phase materials combine a relatively poor long-term cycling stability with a high electro catalytic activity.
Evidence of real-space hot-electron transfer in high mobility, strained-Si multilayer MOSFETs (2002)

New phenomena are reported in N-MOSFETs with high-mobility, strained-Si electron channels. A parasitic bipolar breakdown is observed at anomalously low drain voltages at reduced temperatures (<100 K) in devices with strained-Si channels buried beneath a relaxed-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ capping layer. This breakdown is consistent with a mechanism involving real-space hot-electron transfer and hole confinement in the heterostructure, and is shown to be quenched by the addition of a surface strained-Si layer. This additional Si layer also offers the practical advantage of extending device performance enhancements to higher gate voltages at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Idoxifene antagonizes estradiol-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft growth through sustained induction of apoptosis. (1999)

Idoxifene is a novel selective estrogen (E2) receptor (ER) modulator that is currently in clinical development for the treatment of breast cancer. Compared to tamoxifen, idoxifene is metabolically more stable, with a higher relative binding affinity for the ER and reduced agonist activity on breast and uterine cells. Idoxifene also inhibits calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein that is involved in cell signal transduction pathways. In this study, the abilities of idoxifene and tamoxifen to antagonize E2-dependent MCF-7 xenograft growth in oophorectomized athymic mice were compared. The basis for idoxifene's antitumor activity was examined by comparing the effectiveness of the clinically used transisomer (referred to here as idoxifene) with its cis-isomer, which has a 50-fold lower relative binding affinity for ER than idoxifene but similar calmodulin-inhibitory activity. Changes in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ER-dependent protein expression were studied. Both idoxifene and tamoxifen significantly inhibited E2-dependent tumor growth, whereas cis-idoxifene had little effect. Withdrawal of E2 support induced significant tumor regression due to impaired cell proliferation (Ki-67 score, 9 versus 51% compared to E2 controls) and induction of apoptosis (3.6 versus 0.9% compared to E2 controls). Both anti-E2s inhibited cell proliferation and caused a significant 3-fold induction of apoptosis in E2 supported tumors after 1 week, which was maintained for 3 months with idoxifene (3.1 versus 0.48% compared to E2 controls) but decreased back to baseline in tumors treated with tamoxifen (0.69%). In contrast, cis-idoxifene had no effect on either cell proliferation or apoptosis. Both tamoxifen and idoxifene initially induced ER expression, whereas prolonged therapy with tamoxifen significantly reduced progesterone receptor levels. In conclusion, idoxifene resulted in similar inhibition of E2-dependent MCF-7 xenograft growth compared with tamoxifen, an effect that is mediated via ER rather than through calmodulin. Sustained induction of apoptosis may contribute to prolonged antagonism of E2-dependent growth, and it occurred to a greater extent following 3 months of idoxifene, compared to tamoxifen.
Peptides as affinity surfaces for protein purification (1996)

The tetrapeptide GPRP was previously shown to be an effective affinity ligand for fibrinogen when immobilized to Fractogel (Kuyas et al., 1990). The authors synthesized the GPRP peptide directly onto an aminefunctionalized POROS chromatographic resin to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for generating perfusive affinity media. Fibrinogen from plasma bound to an NH2-GPRP-POROS column under 50 mM phosphate buffer, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7 at 15 ml/min flow rate. The bound fibrinogen showed weak clotting activity when eluted with 20 mM acetate buffer, pH 4. The peptide column did not bind denatured fibrinogen. The dynamic binding capacity of the column by frontal analysis was 10.2 mg/ml column volume. The total analysis time was under 5 min. Similarly, the CAQCHTVEK peptide of cytochrome c with heme group covalently attached to the SH groups of the two cysteines is known to bind to albumins (Adams et al., 1989). A simplified peptide analogue, GAQGHTVEK, was synthesized directlyon POROS resin. Under 20 mM MES, pH 6, albumin from human serum bound specifically to this peptide column and eluted with a salt gradient at 0.2 M NaCl, 20 mM MES (2-[N-Morpholino]ethane sulfonic acid), pH 6. The dynamic binding capacity of human serum albumin by frontal analysis was 19 mg/ml column volume. Thus, this column can purify albumin from human serum under non-denaturing conditions.
Laser machining of high density two-dimensional ultrasound arrays (2003)

A three-year effort to produce a two-dimensional ultrasound array using laser micromachining methods is described. A new array architecture was developed to take advantage of the laser machining methods. Direct-write laser ablation using a tripled-YAG laser emitting a wavelength of 355 nm was used to drill vias, define electrode patterns and machine kerfs. A 24/spl times/24 (576 element), 5 MHz array with 300 /spl mu/m spacing was produced and tested. An eight-layer laminate design flex circuit was produced in-house and used to connect the array.
Deletions in the repeating sequences of the toxin A gene of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positiveClostridium difficilestrains (1999)

The repeating sequences of the toxin A gene from toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (toxin A−, toxin B+) strains of Clostridium difficile which were isolated in geographically separated facilities in Japan and Indonesia were determined. All six strains tested had identical repeating sequences with two deletions (1548 and 273 nucleotides in size) in the toxin A gene. A PCR method was designed to detect the deletions and the deletions were confirmed in all 50 toxin A−, toxin B+ strains examined by this method. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that polyclonal antiserum against native toxin A did not react with the concentrated culture filtrates of the toxin A−, toxin B+ strains. These results may suggest that toxin A−, toxin B+ strains have deletions of the two thirds of the repeating regions of the toxin A gene, which encodes the epitopes fully responsible for the reaction with the polyclonal antiserum.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CYTOCHROME P450-CAM ACTIVE SITE MUTANT THR252ALA (1991)

The crystal structure of a cytochrome P-450 CAM site-directed mutant in which the active site Thr252 has been replaced with an Ala(Thr252Ala) has been refined to an R factor of 0.18 at 2.2 A. According to sequence alignments , Thr252 is highly conserved among P-450 enzymes
Potential roles for preclinical pharmacology in phase I clinical trials. (1986)

Concepts elucidated from preclinical pharmacology studies have made a substantial impact on the clinical use of anticancer drugs. However, the majority of animal pharmacology results have not been available until after drugs have entered clinical trials. Since clinical pharmacokinetic measurements are already part of many phase I trials, human data could be directly compared with mouse data if mouse pharmacology studies were completed before clinical trials were initiated. Once the starting dose in a phase I clinical trial has been evaluated, subsequent doses are escalated until the maximum tolerated dose is reached. The rate of escalation is empirically defined by a modified Fibonacci series. This universal escalation scheme is applied to all drugs, with no modifications based upon pharmacology or other factors. If the starting dose is far removed from the maximum tolerated dose, a large number of dose escalations are required. Consequently, most patients receive subtherapeutic doses, and the amount of resources allocated to each drug increases. We are exploring potential strategies for controlling the rate of dose escalation based upon pharmacokinetic determinations in mouse and man. Retrospective analyses indicate that 20%-50% savings in the total number of dose escalations are possible.
Studies on the catabolism of gamma- G subunits and chains. (1965)

Summary The catabolism of I 131 labeled H- and L-chain of RGG and HGG, Bence Jones protein and H-chain protein was studied in rabbits. Evidence is presented that the molecular structure responsible for the persistence in the circulation of γG is localized in the H-chain. 1.The H-chain was slowly eliminated from the circulation similar to reduced and alkylated γG. 2.The H-chain protein, obtained from patients with H-chain disease, was eliminated from the circulation with a half-life not significantly different from that of HGG. Two populations of H-chain protein with different electrophoretic mobilities were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Both populations were catabolized at the same rate. The rabbits did not excrete the H-chain protein in the urine. 3.The L-chain and the Bence Jones protein were very rapidly eliminated from the circulation. A significant amount of the L-chain obtained from RGG but not from HGG was excreted in the urine as protein bound radioactivity. Sialic acid was shown not to be an important part of the structure necessary for the persistence in the circulation of γG. Removal of sialic acid did not change the rate of elimination of HGG, HGG papain Fc fragment and an H-chain protein preparation with a low sialic acid content. In contrast, a large portion of the H-chain protein preparations with a high sialic acid content was rapidly eliminated and catabolized after removal of sialic acid.
THE ROLE OF THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN THE ETIOLOGY OF INHERITED RETINAL DYSTROPHY IN THE RAT (1971)

Visual cell outer segment renewal was studied in eyes of mutant Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and Sprague-Dawley (control) rats by a combination of microscopy and radioautography with the light and electron microscopes. RCS and control rats were injected with amino acids-(3)H at 11 days of age. Radioactive rod outer segment discs were assembled at the outer segment base from radioactive proteins synthesized in the rod inner segments. In controls, all radioactive discs assembled at 11 days of age were displaced the length of the outer segments, removed from outer segment tips, and phagocytized by the pigment epithelium by 8 days after injection. In the RCS rats, disc assembly and displacement resembled controls for the first 3 days after injection. However, as disc assembly continued for some time thereafter, a layer of labeled, disorganized, lamellar debris accumulated between the outer segment tips and the pigment epithelium. The buildup of debris was accompanied by visual cell death. At no time during the study was there evidence for phagocytic activity by the pigment epithelium. 61 days after injection, the layer of debris was the only heavily radioactive component in the retina. In the retina of RCS rats, the outer segment renewal mechanism malfunctions because the pigment epithelium does not fulfill its normal phagocytic role. The end result is visual cell death and blindness.