gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending Map-Reduce for Efficient Predicate-Based Sampling (2012)

In this paper we address the problem of using MapReduce to sample a massive data set in order to produce a fixed-size sample whose contents satisfy a given predicate. While it is simple to express this computation using MapReduce, its default Hadoop execution is dependent on the input size and is wasteful of cluster resources. This is unfortunate, as sampling queries are fairly common (e.g., for exploratory data analysis at Facebook), and the resulting waste can significantly impact the performance of a shared cluster. To address such use cases, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a Hadoop execution model extension that supports incremental job expansion. Under this model, a job consumes input as required and can dynamically govern its resource consumption while producing the required results. The proposed mechanism is able to support a variety of policies regarding job growth rates as they relate to cluster capacity and current load. We have implemented the mechanism in Hadoop, and we present results from an experimental performance study of different job growth policies under both single- and multi-user workloads.
Energetics of Actively Powered Locomotion Using the Simplest Walking Model (2001)

We modified an irreducibly simple model of passive dynamic walking to walk on level ground, and used it to study the energetics of walking and the preferred relationship between speed and step length in humans. Powered walking was explored using an impulse applied at toe-off immediately before heel strike, and a torque applied on the stance leg. Although both methods can supply energy through mechanical work on the center of mass, the toe-off impulse is four times less costly because it decreases the collision loss at heel strike. We also studied the use of a hip torque on the swing leg that tunes its frequency but adds no propulsive energy to gait. This spring-like actuation can further reduce the collision loss at heel strike, improving walking energetics. An idealized model yields a set of simple power laws relating the toe-off impulses and effective spring constant to the speed and step length of the corresponding gait. Simulations incorporating nonlinear equations of motion and more realistic inertial parameters show that these power laws apply to more complex models as well.
Non-contact positions impose site selectivity on Cre recombinase (2002)

A first step in Cre-mediated site-specific DNA recombination is binding to the two 13 bp repeats of the 34 bp site loxP. Several nucleotides within loxP do not directly contact the bound enzyme, yet mutation at two of these base pairs, at positions 11 and 12 in each repeat, results in a 100 000-fold reduction in recombination. To understand better how Cre selects DNA sequences for recombination, we combined DNA shuffling mutagenesis and a forward selection strategy to obtain Cre mutants that recombine at 100% efficiency a mutant loxK2 site carrying these dinucleotide changes. The role of the several mutations found in these Cre isolates was analyzed both in vivo and biochemically with purified enzymes. A single mutation at E262 accounts for most but not all of the enhanced activity at loxK2. Secondary mutations act in one or more of three ways: enhancement of loxK2 binding, accelerated synthesis of Cre in vivo or faster DNA recombination at the alternative spacer region present in loxK2. Systematic analysis of all 20 natural amino acids at position E262 shows that the naturally occurring glutamate residue at this position provides the optimal balance of efficiency of recombination at loxP and maximal discrimination against loxK2.
Priming of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1)–Specific CD8+T Cell Responses by Dendritic Cells Loaded with HIV‐1 Proteins (2003)

Proteins may serve as ideal CD8(+) T cell immunogens for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) if they can be delivered to and processed through the human leukocyte antigen class I pathway. This study shows that human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with liposome-complexed HIV-1 proteins and matured with CD40 ligand can prime CD8(+) T cells to HIV-1 in vitro. Whole HIV-1 protein in liposome may be an effective immunogen for HIV-1 vaccine protocols.
Cloning, Expression, and Function of BLAME, a Novel Member of the CD2 Family (2001)

The CD2 family is a growing family of Ig domain-containing cell surface proteins involved in lymphocyte activation. Here we describe the cloning and expression analysis of a novel member of this family, B lymphocyte activator macrophage expressed (BLAME). BLAME shares the structural features of the CD2 family containing an IgV and IgC2 domain and clusters with the other family members on chromosome 1q21. Quantitative PCR and Northern blot analysis show BLAME to be expressed in lymphoid tissue and, more specifically, in some populations of professional APCs, activated monocytes, and DCS: Retroviral forced expression of BLAME in hematopoietic cells of transplanted mice showed an increase in B1 cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and, most strikingly, in the peritoneal cavity. These cells do not express CD5 and are CD23(low)Mac1(low), characteristics of the B1b subset. BLAME may therefore play a role in B lineage commitment and/or modulation of signal through the B cell receptor.
Cardiovascular Drugs and Dental Considerations (2000)

This paper provides current information on the pharmacologic management of cardiovascular diseases. It also describes the drugs used to treat five common cardiovascular disorders--heart failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and unstable angina--and lists their dental implications. This information can be used to monitor patients for potential adverse drug reactions and drug interactions and to provide an information base for medical consultation.
Freeform diamond machining of complex monolithic metal optics for integral field systems (2004)

Implementation of the optical designs of image slicing Integral Field Systems requires accurate alignment of a large number of small (and therefore difficult to manipulate) optical components. In order to facilitate the integration of these complex systems, the Astronomical Instrumentation Group (AIG) of the University of Durham, in collaboration with the Labor für Mikrozerspanung (Laboratory for Precision Machining - LFM) of the University of Bremen, have developed a technique for fabricating monolithic multi-faceted mirror arrays using freeform diamond machining. Using this technique, the inherent accuracy of the diamond machining equipment is exploited to achieve the required relative alignment accuracy of the facets, as well as an excellent optical surface quality for each individual facet. Monolithic arrays manufactured using this freeform diamond machining technique were successfully applied in the Integral Field Unit for the GEMINI Near-InfraRed Spectrograph (GNIRS IFU), which was recently installed at GEMINI South. Details of their fabrication process and optical performance are presented in this paper. In addition, the direction of current development work, conducted under the auspices of the Durham Instrumentation R&D Program supported by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), will be discussed. The main emphasis of this research is to improve further the optical performance of diamond machined components, as well as to streamline the production and quality control processes with a view to making this technique suitable for multi-IFU instruments such as KMOS etc., which require series production of large quantities of optical components.
The Redox Potential of Dithionite and SO−2 from Equilibrium Reactions with Flavodoxins, Methyl Viologen and Hydrogen plus Hydrogenase (1978)

It has been shown that redox equilibria can be formed between dithionite ion (plus SO − 2 ) and (bi)sulphite, and the low‐potential electron carriers flavodoxin and methyl viologen. The equilibria were established either by treating the oxidized electron carriers with dithionite, or by treating flavodoxin hydroquinone or methyl viologen semiquinone with (bi)sulphite. Similar redox equilibria were established between dithionite/(bi)sulphite and hydrogen using catalytic amounts of hydrogenase in the presence of a low‐potential electron carrier. The effects of pH and temperature on the equilibria were determined. The equilibria were analyzed to determine the redox potential of the dithionite/(bi)sulphite system. In accordance with the results of earlier kinetic studies, it was assumed that the reductant in dithionite solutions is the dissociation product SO − 2 . The calculated midpoint redox potential E ' for the couple SO − 2 /HSO − 3 at pH 7 and 25 °C was –0.66 V. The reductant is present largely as the dimer at concentrations of dithionite above about 10nM. Consequently, the midpoint potential, E m , of dithionite solutions becomes less negative as the concentration of dithionite is increased ( ΔE m /Δlog S 2 O 2− 4 = 29 mV). The theoretical potential of a solution of 1 M S 2 O 2− 4 and 2 M (bi)sulphite at pH 7 was calculated to be –0.386 V. This value is 59 mV more negative than that determined in 1911 by potentiometry, but considerably more positive than other values in the literature. The effects of pH on the equilibria showed that E ' is controlled by the p K of (bi)sulphite at 6.9; the slope ΔE '/ΔpH was –59 mV below the p K and – 118 mV above the p K . The effects of temperature on the equilibria suggested that E m for dithionite changed by –1.6 mV/°C for a rise in temperature between 2 °C and 40 °C. If sodium dithionite is contaminated with small amounts of (bi)sulphite, its addition in large excess to a low potential electron carrier can cause oxidation of the carrier.
Fabricating Genetically Engineered High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Multiple Virus Genes (2009)

Development of materials that deliver more energy at high rates is important for high-power applications, including portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. For lithium-ion (Li+) batteries, reducing material dimensions can boost Li+ ion and electron transfer in nanostructured electrodes. By manipulating two genes, we equipped viruses with peptide groups having affinity for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on one end and peptides capable of nucleating amorphous iron phosphate(a-FePO4) fused to the viral major coat protein. The virus clone with the greatest affinity toward SWNTs enabled power performance of a-FePO4 comparable to that of crystalline lithium iron phosphate (c-LiFePO4) and showed excellent capacity retention upon cycling at 1C. This environmentally benign low-temperature biological scaffold could facilitate fabrication of electrodes from materials previously excluded because of extremely low electronic conductivity.
Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells into the circulation in burned patients (2007)

Thermal injury induced a rapid rise in EPCs that was proportional to the extent of the burn and significantly correlated with levels of angiogenic cytokines. Such cytokines may be used to stimulate EPCs as a future therapeutic target in burned patients.
SAFE: a data dissemination protocol for periodic updates in sensor networks (2004)

In sensor networks, it is crucial to design and employ energy-efficient communication protocols, since nodes are battery-powered and thus their lifetimes are limited. This paper studies data dissemination in two-tiered networks comprised of stationary sensor nodes and mobile data users who request periodic sensor data updates. We propose a protocol called SAFE (sinks accessing data from environments) which attempts to save energy through data dissemination path sharing among multiple data sinks. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol is energy-efficient as well as scalable to a large data sink population.
Octave tunable, highly linear, RC-ring oscillator with differential fine-coarse tuning, quadrature outputs and amplitude control for fiber optic transceivers (2003)

This paper presents a low-voltage, RC-ring oscillator for fiber optic transceivers (SDH/SONET applications). It has one octave coarse tuning range, differential tuning inputs, quadrature outputs and a linear fine-control. A replica biasing circuit regulates the common-mode voltage and the amplitude at the output. The oscillator has been realized in a pre-production 70GHz f/sub T/, SiGe, BiCMOS process (QUBIC4G). The tuning range covered with process and temperature variations is 3.4GHz-6.8GHz. At 6.6GHz oscillation frequency the measured phase noise is -92dBc/Hz @ 3MHz offset from the carrier. The typical power consumption of the VCO core is 80mW from a 2.5V power supply and the area is 0.3mm/sup 2/.
Immunodominant T-cell responses to dengue virus NS3 are associated with DHF (2010)

Dengue infections are increasing at an alarming rate in many tropical and subtropical countries, where epidemics can put health care systems under extreme pressure. The more severe infections lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which can be life threatening. A variety of viral and host factors have been associated with the severity of dengue infections. Because secondary dengue infection is more commonly associated with DHF than primary infections, the acquired immune response to dengue, both B cells and T cells have been implicated. In this study, we set out to study T-cell responses across the entire dengue virus proteome and to see whether these were related to disease severity in a cohort of dengue-infected children from Thailand. Robust responses were observed in most infected individuals against most viral proteins. Responses to NS3 were the most frequent, and there was a very strong association between the magnitude of the response and disease severity. Furthermore, in DHF, cytokine-high CD107a-negative cells predominated.
Two Phase Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Isolated Ventricular Endomyocardium (1991)

TPRF energy can cause 1.2 cm2 lesions. TPRF compared to SPRF energy causes larger lesions but depth of lesions are not different than SPRF energy at the same power setting and pulse duration. By adjacent placement of OECA and TPRF energy desired size lesion can be created (6 cm2).
Botulinum Toxin as a Novel Addition to Anti-Arthritis Armamentarium (2005)

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and is among the most frequent health problems for middle aged and older people. There is strong evidence that proinflammatory cytokines contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Interleukin-1 is the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of cartilage matrix degeneration. Results from studies in animal models provide stronger evidence implicating a role for interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of matrix loss in osteoarthritis. These include the induction of proteoglycan loss by intraarticular injection of interleukin-1 and the capacity of the inhibitor of interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra), to slow the progression of cartilage loss in animal models of osteoarthritis. The botulinum toxin has been used in many clinical situations such as: cerebral palsy, headache, cosmesis and etc. Moreover, there is evidence that botulinum toxin specifically inhibits Rho GTPase by ADP-ribosylation of aminoacid ASn-41. Rho GTPase is necessary for activation of interleukin-1 inflammation pathway. Based on previously mentioned evidence we suggest, intraarticular injection of the botulinum toxin may be a useful therapy in osteoarthritis.
Oxidative Stress Increases Production of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein and β-Amyloid (Aβ) in Mammalian Lenses, and Aβ Has Toxic Effects on Lens Epithelial Cells (1996)

Many amyloid diseases are characterized by protein aggregations linked to oxidative stress. Such diseases including those of the brain, muscle, and blood vessels exhibit plaques containing beta-amyloid (Abeta). Here we demonstrate that Alzheimer's precursor protein (betaAPP) and A beta are present at low levels in normal lenses and increase in intact cultured monkey lenses treated with H2O2 or UV radiation (known cataractogenic agents), and with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AP-1 factor binding, shown by others to up-regulate betaAPP expression, increased in the monkey lenses treated with H2O2, UV radiation, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and paralleled the increase in betaAPP expression. Rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress showed increased betaAPP in the anterior epithelium and cortex. Incubation of cultured rabbit lens N/N1003A epithelial cells with Abeta induced inclusions and vacuoles and was cytotoxic. Abeta cross-reacting protein was readily detected in the cortex of a cataractous human lens. Our data show that betaAPP and Abeta increase in mammalian lenses as part of a response to H2O2 or UV radiation and suggest that they may contribute to the mechanism by which oxidative damage leads to lens opacification.
Non-pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation. (2002)

In selected patients with atrial fibrillation and severe symptoms, non-pharmacological treatment may be an alternative or supplement to drug therapy. Atrioventricular nodal radiofrequency ablation (requires pacemaker implantation), or atrial pacing for sick sinus syndrome, are established treatment modalities. All other non-pharmacological therapies for atrial fibrillation are still experimental. After the Maze operation, atrial depolarization has to follow one specific path determined by surgical scars in the myocardium. This prevents new episodes of atrial fibrillation, but at a cost of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Catheter-based "Maze-like" radiofrequency ablation is technically difficult, and thrombo-embolic complications may occur. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation sometimes is initiated by spontaneous depolarizations in a pulmonary vein inlet. Radio frequency ablation against such focal activity has been reported with high therapeutic success, but the results await confirmation from several centres. For ventricular rate control, most electrophysiologists presently prefer ablation to induce a complete atrioventricular conduction block (with pacemaker) rather than trying to modify conduction by incomplete block. Atrial or dual chamber pacing may prevent atrial fibrillation induced by bradycardia. It remains to confirm that biatrial or multisite right atrial pacing prevents atrial fibrillation more efficiently than ordinary right atrial pacing. An atrial defibrillator is able to diagnose and convert atrial fibrillation. The equipment is expensive, and therapy without sedation may be unpleasant beyond tolerability.
Extensive intra-phylotype diversity in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from the honeybee gut (2015)

The honeybee gut microbiota has been described as consisting of a modest number of phylotypes; however, the genomes sequenced in the current study demonstrated a very high level of gene content diversity within all three described phylotypes of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, particularly in terms of metabolic functions and surface structures, where many features were strain-specific. Together, these results indicate niche differentiation within phylotypes, suggesting that the honeybee gut microbiota is more complex than previously thought.
New, easily removable poly(ethylene glycol) supports for the liquid-phase method of peptide synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew, easily removable poly(ethylene glycol) supports for the liquid-phase method of peptide synthesisV. N. Rajasekharan Pillai, Manfred Mutter, Ernst Bayer, and Ian GatfieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 26, 5364–5370Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01314a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01314a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2247Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Synthesis of Nucleoside-5″ Aldehydes (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Nucleoside-5″ AldehydesK. E. Pfitzner and J. G. MoffattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 19, 3027Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00902a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00902a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1287Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of the Protein Chaperone YDJ1 in Establishing Hsp90-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways (1995)

The substrate-specific protein chaperone Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae functions in diverse signal transduction pathways. A mutation in YDJ1, a member of the DnaJ chaperone family, was recovered in a synthetic-lethal screen with Hsp90 mutants. In an otherwise wild-type background, the ydj1 mutation exerted strong and specific effects on three Hsp90 substrates, derepressing two (the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors) and reducing the function of the third (the tyrosine kinase p60v-src). Analysis of one of these substrates, the glucocorticoid receptor, indicated that Ydj1 exerts its effects through physical interaction with Hsp90 substrates.