gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition by monoclonal antibodies of a repertoire of epitopes on carcinoembryonic antigen differentially expressed in human colon carcinomas versus normal adult tissues. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) designated COL-1 through 15 have been generated and characterized and show a strong degree of selective reactivity for human colon carcinomas versus normal adult tissues. To prepare the MAbs, mice were immunized with extracts or membrane-enriched fractions of biopsy material from either primary or metastatic colon carcinoma lesions. The fifteen COL MAbs, all of the immunoglobulin G subclasses 1, 2a, or 2b, reacted with purified carcinoembryonic antigen in solid-phase radioimmunoassay and by immunoblotting, but none reacted with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or certain spleen preparations previously shown to be rich in carcinoembryonic antigen-related or cross-reactive antigens. MAbs COL-1 through 15 could be divided into at least five groups based on their differential range of reactivities to the surface of colon carcinoma cells or other carcinoma cell preparations. The COL MAbs were tested via immunoperoxidase with a wide range of primary and metastatic colon carcinomas, benign or dysplastic colon lesions, and 34 normal adult tissues. With few exceptions, the COL MAbs tested in this manner showed reactivity only to the primary and metastatic colon carcinomas. These studies thus provide a well-characterized repertoire of MAbs that are well suited for potential clinical trials involving the radiolocalization and possibly therapy of human colon carcinoma lesions. The fact that at least five epitopes are being recognized also provides the opportunity for testing the efficacy of cocktails of the COL MAbs toward these goals.
Nucleotide sequence of the sucB gene encoding the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase of Escherichia coli K12 and homology with the corresponding acetyltransferase (1984)

The nucleotide sequence of the sucB gene, which encodes the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component (E2o) of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli K12, has been determined by the dideoxy chain-termination method. The results extend by 1440 base pairs the previously reported sequence of 3180 base pairs, containing the sucA gene. The sucB structural gene comprises 1209 base pairs (403 codons excluding the initiating AUG), and it is preceded by a 14-base-pair intercistronic region containing a good ribosomal binding site. The absence of a typical terminator sequence and the presence of an IS-like sequence downstream of sucB suggest that there may be further gene(s) in the suc operon. The IS-like sequence is homologous with other intercistronic sequences including that between the sdhB and sucA genes, the overall gene organisation being: sdhB-IS-sucAsucB-IS-. The patterns of codon usage indicate that sucB may be more strongly expressed than sucA, consistent with the disproportionate contents of their products in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The predicted amino acid composition and Mr (43 607) of the succinyltransferase component agree with previous studies on the purified protein. Comparison with the corresponding acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E2p, aceF gene product) indicates that each contains two analogous domains, an amino-terminal lipoyl domain linked to a carboxy-terminal catalytic and subunit binding domain. The lipoyl domain of the acetyltransferase (E2p) comprises three tandemly repeated approximately 100-residue lipoyl binding regions containing two short (approximately 19 residues) internal repeats, whereas the lipoyl domain of the succinyltransferase (E2o) contains just one approximately 100-residue lipoyl binding region, with approximately 27% homology to each of the three comparable regions in E2p, and no detectable internal repeats. The catalytic and subunit binding domains, each approximately 300 residues, have an overall homology of 34% and, consistent with their combination of analogous and specific functions, some regions are more homologous than others. Both sequences feature segments rich in proline and alanine. In E2p these occur at the carboxy-terminal ends of each of the three lipoyl binding regions, there being a particularly extended sequence at the end of the third repeat, whereas in E2o the main proline-alanine segment is found approximately 50 residues into the subunit binding domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Neutral and Cationic Iridium(I) Complexes Bearing Chiral Phenanthroline-Derived Benzimidazolylidenes: Synthetic, Structural, and Catalytic Studies (2009)

A series of neutral and cationic iridium(I) complexes bearing chiral and achiral phenanthroline-derived benzimidazolylidene ligands were synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data indicate that the principal plane of the NHC ligand in the achiral complexes is positioned orthogonally with respect to the Ir−Cl or Ir−P bonds, while the planes of NHC ligands in the corresponding chiral complexes are twisted by a torsion angle that depends on the size of the 2,9-substituents. All of the new complexes showed varying degrees of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity toward hydrogenation of acetamidoacrylates, with the best results being achieved using 2,9-diphenyl-substituted (S,S)-20a, which afforded (−)-(R)-methyl 2-acetamidopropanoate (12a) in 97% yield and 81% ee.
Enhanced anti-tumor effect via combination of Triptolide with ionizing radiation (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4720 

Aim: Pancreas cancer is among the most resistant cancer to any therapy. The lack of effective treatment results in a very low survival rate, with median survivals of only about 6 month. This study is to explore the enhancement of therapeutic effect on human pancreatic cancer via combination of triptolide (TPL) and ionizing radiation (IR). Methods: AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells cultured in 96 well plates were treated in vitro with different concentrations (0, 6, 12, 25 nM) of TPL alone or TPL plus 4 Gy IR one day later. The positive control is gemcitabine, a first line drug against pancreatic cancer. On day 4, the cell proliferation in anchorage-dependent conditions was analyzed by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. In addition, AsPC-1 cells treated with TPL or TPL plus IR were analyzed for their clonogenic survival. Finally, the extent of apoptosis induced by the above treatments were analyzed by Annexin V-FITC / propidium iodide (PI) staining as well as other apoptotic indices. In vivo, the AsPC-1 tumor xenografts were treated with 0.2 mg/kg TPL or 10 Gy IR or 100 mg/kg gemcitabine along or TPL plus IR. The tumor size was measured with Vernier calipers twice a week and the tumors were excised and weighed at the end of the experiment. The alterations of VEGF upon different treatments were determined by ELISA. Results: In vitro , TPL exerted a great inhibitory effect on growth of AsPC-1 cells, which was much more potent than gemcitabine (ID50 25 nM vs. >200 nM). The combination of TPL with IR shifted the ID50 of TPL from 25 nM to 12.5 nM (anchorage dependant phase cells) and reduced clonogenic survival of AsPC-1 cells (exponential growth phase cells). Cells treated with TPL plus IR exhibited a greater apoptosis as evidenced by stronger Annexin V/PI staining ratio, higher levels of cleaved caspases and increased DNA fragmentation as compared with TPL or IR alone. In vivo , the tumor growth of AsPC-1 xenografts was much slower in the group treated with TPL plus IR compared to the TPL or IR or gemcitabine alone groups. Importantly, 2 of 5 mice had prolonged complete responses (14 days). The VEGF level of AsPC-1 cells was greatly reduced upon treatment with TPL plus IR. Conclusion: 1) TPL possesses a potent therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer, which seems superior to a current first line drug, gemcitabine; 2) the combination of TPL with IR enhances the therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo ; and 3) the inhibitory effect of TPL plus IR on pancreatic cancer is associated with induction of apoptosis and reduction of VEGF.
Amplified-spontaneous noise limit of optical OFDM lightwave systems (2008)

Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) systems use electronic digital computation to provide dispersion compensation that can be rapidly adapted to changes in the optical link or optical network. Recent demonstrations have shown compensation of several thousand kilometers. Earlier simulations and analysis showed better sensitivities than non-return to zero systems; however, they assumed optical filters with very narrow bandwidths and narrow-linewidth lasers. This paper explores the effect of the optical filter bandwidths and laser linewidths for both coherent and direct-detection systems using analysis and simulations.
Determination of piezoelectric fields in strained GaInN quantum wells using the quantum-confined Stark effect (1998)

We have identified piezoelectric fields in strained GaInN/GaN quantum well p-i-n structures using the quantum-confined Stark effect. The photoluminescence peak of the quantum wells showed a blueshift with increasing applied reverse voltages. This blueshift is due to the cancellation of the piezoelectric field by the reverse bias field. We determined that the piezoelectric field points from the growth surface to the substrate and its magnitude is 1.2 MV/cm for Ga0.84In0.16N/GaN quantum wells on sapphire substrate. In addition, from the direction of the field, the growth orientation of our nitride epilayers can be determined to be (0001), corresponding to the Ga face.
Product development: the making of the Abbott ARCHITECT. (1998)

Many laboratorians have a limited perspective on what is involved in developing an instrument and bringing it to market. This article traces the product development process used by Abbott Diagnostics Division that resulted in Abbott being named the 1996 Concurrent Engineering Company of the Year for the design of the ARCHITECT.
Coadministration of Clozapine and Fluvoxamine in Psychotic Patients - Clinical Experience (1999)

Fluvoxamine (FLUVOX) is an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1 A2 and thereby inhibits clozapine (CLOZ) metabolism. We performed an open clinical study to gather experience in necessary dosages, plasma levels, side effects and clinical efficiency of the coadministration of the two drugs. Eighteen psychotic patients were studied. 50 mg FLUVOX were given throughout the study period, while the CLOZ dosage was increased individually (week 5: 96.9+/-37.2 mg). After 5 weeks the plasma concentrations were as follows: CLOZ 252+/-174 ng/ml, N-desmethylclozapine (DM-CLOZ) 143+/-74 ng/ml and clozapine N-oxide (CLOZ N-OX) 30+/-14 ng/ml. There were no differences in side effects, especially sedation, after 5 weeks compared to the pretreatment condition. Moreover, we found a significant improvement in measures of cognitive speed which might be regarded as a measure of vigilance. The BPRS scores dropped continuously until week 5 (pretreatment: 53.3+/-13.4; week 5: 33.2+/-12.9) and 5 patients were considered treatment responders (BPRS reduction > 50%). Ten patients continued the combination treatment after the study period and 9 of these patients were in clinical remission when discharged. Given strict therapeutic drug monitoring, coadministration of FLUVOX and CLOZ seems to be a safe and efficient treatment strategy with a low occurrence of the side effects associated with CLOZ treatment. This might be due to additive effects of the two drugs and/or metabolic interaction.
Intestinal disaccharidase activity in patients with autism (2011)

Intestinal disaccharidase activities were measured in 199 individuals with autism to determine the frequency of enzyme deficiency. All patients had duodenal biopsies that were evaluated morphologically and assayed for lactase, sucrase, and maltase activity. Frequency of lactase deficiency was 58% in autistic children ≤ 5 years old and 65% in older patients. As would be expected, patients with autism at age 5 > years demonstrated significant decline in lactase activity (24%, p = .02) in comparison with ≤ 5 years old autistic patients. Boys ≤ 5 years old with autism had 1.7 fold lower lactase activity than girls with autism (p = .02). Only 6% of autistic patients had intestinal inflammation. Lactase deficiency not associated with intestinal inflammation or injury is common in autistic children and may contribute to abdominal discomfort, pain and observed aberrant behavior. Most autistic children with lactose intolerance are not identified by clinical history.
Activity of Triciribine and Triciribine-5′ -Monophosphate Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 and 2 (1993)

Triciribine (TCN) and its 5'-monophosphate (TCN-P) are novel tricyclic compounds with known antitumor activity; TCN-P is currently in phase II human clinical trials. We now report that these compounds have potent and selective activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Using a syncytial plaque assay, TCN and TCN-P were active against HIV-1 at 0.01-0.02 microM and had differential selectivities of 2250 and 1900, respectively, compared to 1850 for AZT. In contrast, TCN and TCN-P had minimal selectivity against human cytomegalovirus (50 and 27, respectively). TCN and TCN-P markedly inhibited HIV-1-induced p24 core antigen production, reverse transcriptase, and infectious virus production in a dose-dependent manner using HIV-1 acutely infected CEM-SS, H9, and persistently infected H9IIIB and U1 cells. In acutely infected PBL cells, TCN and TCN-P inhibited reverse transcriptase and infectious virus production but not p24 core antigen production. Using a microtiter XTT assay, TCN and TCN-P were active against a panel of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains at IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 0.46 microM. Evaluation of matched pairs of predrug and postdrug therapy HIV-1 isolates established that AZT-resistant and TIBO-resistant variants of HIV-1 were sensitive to TCN or TCN-P. Furthermore, unlike AZT and other fraudulent nucleosides, neither TCN, TCN-P, nor TCN-TP inhibited the viral reverse transcriptase. Thus, even though triciribine is a nucleoside chemically, it does not act biologically by classic nucleoside modalities but rather by a unique mechanism yet to be elucidated.
Accelerating fully homomorphic encryption using GPU (2012)

As a major breakthrough, in 2009 Gentry introduced the first plausible construction of a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme. FHE allows the evaluation of arbitrary functions directly on encrypted data on untwisted servers. In 2010, Gentry and Halevi presented the first FHE implementation on an IBM x3500 server. However, this implementation remains impractical due to the high latency of encryption and recryption. The Gentry-Halevi (GH) FHE primitives utilize multi-million-bit modular multiplications and additions which are time-consuming tasks for a general purpose computer. In the GH-FHE implementation, the most computationally intensive arithmetic operation is modular multiplication. In this paper, the million-bit modular multiplication is computed in two steps. For large number multiplication, Strassen's FFT based algorithm is employed and accelerated on a graphics processing unit (GPU) through its massive parallelism. Subsequently, Barrett modular reduction algorithm is applied to implement modular reduction. As an experimental study, we implement the GH-FHE primitives for the small setting with a dimension of 2048 on NVIDIA C2050 GPU. The experimental results show the speedup factors of 7.68, 7.4 and 6.59 for encryption, decryption and recrypt respectively, when compared with the existing CPU implementation.
TeamRooms (1996)

Teams whose members are in close physical proximity often rely on team rooms to serve both as meeting places and repositories of the documents and artifacts that support their projects. TeamRooms is a groupware system that fills the role of a team room for groups whose members can work both co-located and at a distance. Facilities in TeamRooms allow team members to collaborate either in real-time or asynchronously, and to customize their shared electronic space with tools to suit their needs. Unlike many groupware systems, all TeamRooms documents and artifacts are fully persistent.
Capillary feeding of specific dsRNA induces silencing of the isac gene in nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks (2005)

Ixodes scapularis transmits several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi. Bioactive compounds in tick saliva support tick feeding and influence pathogen transmission to the mammalian host. These studies utilized oral delivery of dsRNA to silence an anticomplement gene (isac) in I. scapularis nymphs. Silencing of isac significantly reduced fed-tick weight compared to delivery of control lacZ dsRNA, and immunoblots specific for FlaB protein indicated a reduction in spirochete load in isac-silenced infected nymphs. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that isac gene silencing affected expression of a number of salivary and non-salivary gland proteins in ticks. Finally, multiple isac cDNA homologues were cloned, and these may represent a new gene family coexpressed during tick feeding. This work presents a novel oral delivery approach for specific gene silencing in I. scapularis nymphs and characterizes the effect of isac on blood-feeding in an attempt to block transmission of B. burgdorferi.
Biomimetic Oxidation of Diphenyl Sulfide with Electrochemical P-450 Model System in CH<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> Treated with Alkaline Solution (1999)

Dichloromethane containing metalloporphyrins [meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride (1) or meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III) chloride (2)] and Bu4NClO4 was treated with an aqueous solution of NaOH (5%), and subjected to controlled potential electrolysis at -1.0 V (vs. S.C.E. (saturated calomel electrode)) in a divided cell after addition of diphenyl sulfide (3). Diphenyl sulfoxide (4) and diphenyl sulfone (5) were found in an electrolyzed solution as the reaction products. Results obtained from cyclic voltammetry and visible spectrometry suggested that the treatment of dichloromethane containing metalloporphyrins with the aqueous solution of NaOH did not change the fifth ligand of metalloporphyrins from Cl to OH. On the electrode, dissolved dioxygen was reduced to hydrogen peroxide. Compounds 1 and 2 catalyze the oxidation of 3 by hydrogen peroxide without imidazole. Compound 2 showed higher selectivity than compound 1.
Degradation of Fibrillar Collagen in a Human Melanoma Xenograft Improves the Efficacy of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector (2006)

Oncolytic viral therapy provides a promising approach to treat certain human malignancies. These vectors improve on replication-deficient vectors by increasing the viral load within tumors through preferential viral replication within tumor cells. However, the inability to efficiently propagate throughout the entire tumor and infect cells distant from the injection site has limited the capacity of oncolytic viruses to achieve consistent therapeutic responses. Here we show that the spread of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector MGH2 within the human melanoma Mu89 is limited by the fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix. This limitation seems to be size specific as nanoparticles of equivalent size to the virus distribute within tumors to the same extent whereas smaller particles distribute more widely. Due to limited viral penetration, tumor cells in inaccessible regions continue to grow, remaining out of the range of viral infection, and tumor eradication cannot be achieved. Matrix modification with bacterial collagenase coinjection results in a significant improvement in the initial range of viral distribution within the tumor. This results in an extended range of infected tumor cells and improved virus propagation, ultimately leading to enhanced therapeutic outcome. Thus, fibrillar collagen can be a formidable barrier to viral distribution and matrix-modifying treatments can significantly enhance the therapeutic response.
Prototype Single Step Lateral Flow Technology for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus and Chicken Antibody to Avian Influenza Virus (2007)

A rapid and effective lateral flow assay (LFA) for detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) was developed. For antigen capture, the assay used monoclonal antibody specific for a conserved nuclear protein (NP) epitope, immobilized on a cellulose acetate matrix, in conjunction with a second NP monoclonal antibody chemically linked to either coloured latex beads or colloidal gold particles contained in a sample pad for detection. Virus sample added to the sample pad flowed into the trapping antibody to form a visible band as well as a second, control band further along the acetate strip. The control band consisted of recombinant protein A/G, also immobilized on the matrix. A second LFA for detection of chicken antibody to AIV was developed where NP antigen was immobilized on the matrix with recombinant protein A/G immobilized as a control band. Latex beads or colloidal gold particles to which monoclonal anti-chicken antibody was attached, were used as the indicator system.
Internalization of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130 does not require activation of the Jak/STAT pathway (1998)

Signalling receptors often undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis. In many cases this internalization is stimulated by ligand binding and activation of intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinases, resulting in a receptor down-regulation. We have analysed whether internalization of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130 is dependent on the activation of receptor-associated Jak kinases. By using a chimaeric receptor system we found that receptor mutants that lack box1 and therefore are not capable of activating Jak and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are still endocytosed efficiently. A chimaeric receptor with the recently identified dileucine internalization motif being replaced by two alanine residues was not efficiently internalized but still capable of recruiting STATs. Furthermore an antagonistic antibody that inhibits the signalling of all interleukin-6-type cytokines via gp130 was internalized as efficiently as an agonistic one that activates the Jak/STAT pathway. Our findings suggest that the endocytosis of gp130 is signal-independent.
Carotid intima-media thickness as predictor of secondary events after coronary angioplasty. (2003)

This study suggest that CCA-IMT is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events after PTCA. The measurement of subclinical disease could be useful for identifying high-risk patients.