gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application-level document caching in the Internet (2002)

With the increasing demand for document transfer services such as the World Wide Web comes a need for better resource management to reduce the latency of documents in these systems. To address this need, we analyze the potential for document caching at the application level in document transfer services. We have collected traces of actual executions of Mosaic, reflecting over half a million user requests for WWW documents. Using those traces, we study the tradeoffs between caching at three levels in the system, and the potential for use of application-level information in the caching system. Our traces show that while a high hit rate in terms of URLs is achievable, a much lower hit rate is possible in terms of bytes, because most profitably-cached documents are small. We consider the performance of caching when applied at the level of individual user sessions, at the level of individual hosts, and at the level of a collection of hosts on a single LAN. We show that the performance gain achievable by caching at the session level (which is straightforward to implement) is nearly all of that achievable at the LAN level (where caching is more difficult to implement). However, when resource requirements are considered, LAN level caching becomes muck more desirable, since it can achieve a given level of caching performance using a much smaller amount of cache space. Finally, we consider the use of organizational boundary information as an example of the potential for use of application-level information in caching. Our results suggest that distinguishing between documents produced locally and those produced remotely can provide useful leverage in designing caching policies, because of differences in the potential for sharing these two document types among multiple users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PRDM1/BLIMP-1 Modulates IFN-γ-Dependent Control of the MHC Class I Antigen-Processing and Peptide-Loading Pathway (2007)

A diverse spectrum of unique peptide-MHC class I complexes guides CD8 T cell responses toward viral or stress-induced Ags. Multiple components are required to process Ag and facilitate peptide loading in the endoplasmic reticulum. IFN-gamma, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, markedly up-regulates transcription of genes involved in MHC class I assembly. Physiological mechanisms which counteract this response are poorly defined. We demonstrate that promoters of functionally linked genes on this pathway contain conserved regulatory elements that allow antagonistic regulation by IFN-gamma and the transcription factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (also known as PR domain-containing 1, with ZNF domain (PRDM1)). Repression of ERAP1, TAPASIN, MECL1, and LMP7 by PRDM1 results in failure to up-regulate surface MHC class I in response to IFN-gamma in human cell lines. Using the sea urchin prdm1 ortholog, we demonstrate that the capacity of PRDM1 to repress the IFN response of such promoters is evolutionarily ancient and that dependence on the precise IFN regulatory factor element sequence is highly conserved. This indicates that the functional interaction between PRDM1 and IFN-regulated pathways antedates the evolution of the adaptive immune system and the MHC, and identifies a unique role for PRDM1 as a key regulator of Ag presentation by MHC class I.
Identification of interaction between virus specific protein and host protein by yeast two-hybrid system (2001)

A ^bait^ vector of yeast two-hybrid system that clearly expressed IBV BM_(2) protein in yeast cell and ruled out of its self-activation was constructed using Open Reading Frame (ORF). It could be used for looking for genes from human cDNA library that expressed the protein that could interact with BM_(2) protein. The results indicated that the interaction between BM_(2) protein and host protein was supported by these methods. Proteins from human cDNA library that interact with the ^bait^ protein could be identified effectively.
Pulse rate variability and gastric electric power in fasting and postprandial conditions (2009)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is typically used to extract cardiac-related information like heart rate and cardiac output, though extra-cardiac information like respiratory rate can also be extracted from PPG. The aim of the current study is to advance this approach further and investigate existence of gastric-related activity in PPG. To this end, we consider pulse rate variability (PRV), which provides information analogous to heart rate variability (HRV). Finger PPG and electrogastrography (EGG) signals were recorded from 8 healthy volunteers in fasting and postprandial state for 30 minutes. Peak-to-peak interval (PPI) analysis shows that the power of high frequency (HF) component in fasting and postprandial state changes significantly. The power ratio (PR), which is the ratio between powers of low frequency band (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) to that of high frequency band (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) and the EGG power were calculated in fasting and postprandial state. PR was positively correlated with EGG power (r = 0.46; P< 0.05). PR indicates the balancing sympathovagal modulation and vagal nervous activity. The significance of this study is that PR from PRV analysis could be used as a tool for diagnosing gastric system instead of the present invasive/cumbersome methods.
MspA Nanopores from Subunit Dimers (2012)

Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) forms an octameric channel and represents the founding member of a new family of pore proteins. Control of subunit stoichiometry is important to tailor MspA for nanotechnological applications. In this study, two MspA monomers were connected by linkers ranging from 17 to 62 amino acids in length. The oligomeric pore proteins were purified from M. smegmatis and were shown to form functional channels in lipid bilayer experiments. These results indicated that the peptide linkers did not prohibit correct folding and localization of MspA. However, expression levels were reduced by 10-fold compared to wild-type MspA. MspA is ideal for nanopore sequencing due to its unique pore geometry and its robustness. To assess the usefulness of MspA made from dimeric subunits for DNA sequencing, we linked two M1-MspA monomers, whose constriction zones were modified to enable DNA translocation. Lipid bilayer experiments demonstrated that this construct also formed functional channels. Voltage gating of MspA pores made from M1 monomers and M1-M1 dimers was identical indicating similar structural and dynamic channel properties. Glucose uptake in M. smegmatis cells lacking porins was restored by expressing the dimeric mspA M1 gene indicating correct folding and localization of M1-M1 pores in their native membrane. Single-stranded DNA hairpins produced identical ionic current blockades in pores made from monomers and subunit dimers demonstrating that M1-M1 pores are suitable for DNA sequencing. This study provides the proof of principle that production of single-chain MspA pores in M. smegmatis is feasible and paves the way for generating MspA pores with altered stoichiometries. Subunit dimers enable better control of the chemical and physical properties of the constriction zone of MspA. This approach will be valuable both in understanding transport across the outer membrane in mycobacteria and in tailoring MspA for nanopore sequencing of DNA.
The BPQ: A Scale for the Assessment of Borderline Personality Based on DSM-IV Criteria (2006)

The aim of the study was to develop a self-report measure that assesses borderline personality traits as defined by DSM-IV criteria, including separate subscales for each criterion. A sample of normal subjects from community colleges in the midwestern region of the United States was used to develop the scale. The psychometric properties of the scale were examined using an additional United States sample and student samples from England and Australia. The scale was compared with existing measures of borderline and schizotypal personality. Evidence for the internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity of the new scale is presented. The results of several analyses of variance comparing males and females in the three national groups are reported. A Principal Components Analysis of the subscales suggested either a single factor or two correlated factors. Oblique rotation yielded a structure that distinguished identity/interpersonal and impulsivity borderline personality traits. It is concluded that the new scale provides a useful tool for clinicians and researchers interested in screening for borderline personality traits in both general and clinical populations. Suggestions for further research are indicated.
Viral Vectors for Gene Transfer (2018)

Viral vectors are a promising tool for effective delivery of genetic material into cells. They take advantage of the natural ability of a virus to deliver a genetic payload into cells while being genetically modified such that their ability to replicate is crippled or removed. Here, an updated overview of routinely used viral vectors, including adeno-associated viruses (AAV), retroviruses/lentiviruses, and adenoviruses (Ads), is provided, as well as perspectives on their advantages and disadvantages in research and gene therapy. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Medical Applications of New Electroactive Polymer Artificial Muscles (2004)

Electroactive polymer artificial muscles are an emerging class of transducers with properties not found in existing actuators, generators, or sensors. A particularly promising class of electroactive polymers is dielectric elastomers. Dielectric elastomers are based on the electromechanical response of a rubbery material located between compliant electrodes. Properties of dielectric elastomers that are relevant for medical applications include softness similar to biological tissue, actuation stroke and force similar to biological muscle, use of biocompatible materials, high energy efficiency, the ability to form arrays on a single substrate, and extremely low material costs. These properties may be exploited for a variety of medical applications both in devices for the human body such as prosthetics, assistives, or diagnostics as well as devices for diagnosis and medical research in laboratories or clinics. Specific examples of dielectric elastomer devices under development include artificial muscles for prosthetic limbs, soft skins for haptic stimulation and sensing, disposable microfulidic devices with embedded pumps and valves, and prosthetic and orthotic organ devices such as artificial diaphragm and heart assist devices, to name but a few. Some lifetime and packaging issues remain, but we expect to see devices based on electroactive polymer artificial muscles with new capabilities in medicine within the next few years.
A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities (1991)

The amino acid sequences of 301 glycosyl hydrolases and related enzymes have been compared. A total of 291 sequences corresponding to 39 EC entries could be classified into 35 families. Only ten sequences (less than 5% of the sample) could not be assigned to any family. With the sequences available for this analysis, 18 families were found to be monospecific (containing only one EC number) and 17 were found to be polyspecific (containing at least two EC numbers). Implications on the folding characteristics and mechanism of action of these enzymes and on the evolution of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. With the steady increase in sequence and structural data, it is suggested that the enzyme classification system should perhaps be revised.
Measurement of proliferation marker Ki67 in breast tumour FNAs using laser scanning cytometry in comparison to conventional immunocytochemistry (2003)

It should be possible to use LSC for the routine measurement of Ki67 marker in FNAs from human breast carcinomas.
After CFCs (1991)

The demise of the CFC‐113/alcohol azeotropic solvent for de‐fluxing circuit assemblies after soldering has led, in recent years, to the electronics assembly industry being offered other cleaning technologies, some new and some new to this industry. In terms of uptake, one of the most successful will be semi‐aqueous cleaning involving the use of an organic solvent of low volatility to dissolve the contamination followed by an aqueous rinsing process. Two families of solvent have evolved based on natural products (terpenes) and synthetic hydrocarbon chemicals. This paper reviews the possible semi‐aqueous processes and the development of the solvents that has taken place. The cleaning performance is considered as well as the potential for effluent control and fully closed‐loop systems.
Response of cerebral oxygen metabolism in the head-up position during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (1998)

To clarify the influence of the head-up position on cerebral oxygen metabolism during laparoscopy with CO2 insufflation in 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, changes in the concentrations of cerebral oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), total hemoglobin (total Hb) and oxidized cytochrome aa3 (Cyt aa3) were measured by use of near-infrared laser spectroscopy. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide (66%), oxygen, and sevoflurane. Pneumoperitoneum was maintained at an intraabdominal pressure of 10-12 mm Hg by use of CO2. Minute ventilation was adjusted to maintain end-tidal CO2 tension (P(ET)CO2) between 35 and 40 mm Hg during the procedure. Patients were moved from supine to the head-up (20 degree) position before intraabdominal manipulation. The concentration of HbO2 decreased significantly when patients were moved to the head-up position and 30 min thereafter. It remained significantly low after they were returned to the supine position and at the end of surgery. The concentration of Hb was unchanged during the study. Therefore, the concentration of total Hb decreased significantly when patients were moved to the head-up position, as well as 30 min thereafter. It remained significantly low after they were returned to the supine position and at the end of surgery. The concentration of Cyt aa3, however, did not change significantly during the study. These results suggest that the head-up position during laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreases cerebral HbO2 and total Hb.
Organic semiconductor RFID transponders (2004)

We present pentacene-based radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder circuitry, patterned entirely using flexible shadow-masks, and operating at RF frequencies greater than 1 MHz. The circuits, fabricated on glass substrates, were powered using near-field inductive coupling, and designed for operation without a rectification stage. 1-bit transponders made using this approach operated at RF frequencies of 125 kHz (a common RFID frequency), and well above 1 MHz, and exhibited sufficient amplitude modulation of the absorbed RF to be detected externally with peak-detection demodulation.
Cycloplegic Autorefraction Results in Pre-School Children Using the Nikon Retinomax Plus and the Welch Allyn SureSight (2003)

Even though the Retinomax Plus and the SureSight appear to agree with each other and with the results of cycloplegic retinoscopy for determining sphere and cylinder power, interpretation of the data should be considered as screening only because the actual magnitude of sphere and cylinder may vary from the actual magnitude. These results suggest that either device may be useful only as screening tools for assessing refractive error in pre-school children.
Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a human gene encoding the CD33 myeloid differentiation antigen (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies of the CD33 cluster group recognize a 67- kilodalton (Kd) protein, designated p67, expressed on the surface of normal human myeloid progenitors and leukemic cells from most patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The human gene encoding p67 was isolated in a mouse genetic background after DNA-mediated gene transfer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for transformants that bound the monoclonal antibody MY9. After three serial rounds of gene transfer and cell sorting, multiple independently derived tertiary mouse cell transformants were obtained that expressed p67. Southern blot analysis revealed that these transformants shared restriction fragments containing highly reiterated human DNA sequences. Two shared EcoRI fragments of 3.3-kilobase (kb) and 9.5-kb pairs were molecularly cloned into bacteriophage vectors. A subsegment of the 3.3-kb fragment lacking repeated sequences was then used as a unique sequence probe to isolate two independent cosmid clones. Cells transfected with DNA from both cosmid clones bound MY9, and the human p67 protein was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. NFS mice inoculated with a mouse cell transformant coexpressing p67 and the v-fms oncogene product produced antisera that specifically immunoprecipitated p67 from human leukemic cell lines, mouse cell transformants, and mouse cells transfected with the biologically active cosmid clones. The human p67 locus was previously assigned to chromosome 19 by screening a panel of rodent X human somatic cell hybrids with the unique sequence probe. The gene was sublocalized to the q13.3 region of chromosome 19 by in situ hybridization. RNA transcripts of approximately 1.6 kb and 1.4 kb were identified in polyadenylated RNA from human myeloid leukemia cell lines using a probe from the genomic locus. Manipulation of the cloned p67 gene may provide insight into the function of its product and mechanisms regulating its expression.
Accumulation of glutamate by Salmonella typhimurium in response to osmotic stress (1994)

Salmonella typhimurium accumulates glutamate in response to osmotic stress. Cells in aerobic exponential growth have an intracellular pool of approximately 125 nmol of glutamate mg of protein-1. When cells were grown in minimal medium with 500 mM NaCl, KCl, or sucrose, 290 to 430 nmol of glutamate was found to accumulate. Values were lower when cells were harvested in stationary phase. Cells were grown in conventional medium, harvested, washed, resuspended in the control medium or in medium with osmolytes, and aerated for 1 h. With aeration, glutamate was found to accumulate at levels comparable to those observed in exponential cultures. Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis did not affect glutamate accumulation when cells were aerated. Strains with mutations in glutamate synthase (glt) or in glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) accumulated nearly normal levels of glutamate under these conditions. A double (gdh glt) mutant accumulated much less glutamate (63.9 nmol mg of protein-1), but a 1.9-fold excess accumulated when cells were aerated with osmotic stress. Methionine sulfone, an inhibitor of glutamate synthase, did not prevent accumulation of glutamate in cells aerated with osmotic stress. Glutamate dehydrogenase is thought to have minimum activity when ammonium is limiting. Resuspending cells with limiting ammonium reduced glutamate production but did not eliminate accumulation of excess glutamate when cells were osmotically stressed. Amino oxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of transamination reactions, did not prevent accumulation of excess glutamate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
9.2: Multi‐Format Digital Display with Content Driven Display Format (2001)

Abstract This paper describes an advanced digital display that we have developed for future mobile applications. The 2″ QVGA LCD display contains multi‐format digital drivers integrated with a low‐temperature Continuous Grain Silicon TFT process. These drivers automatically configure the display format based on the contents of the image data that is transmitted to the panel. This strategy provides an optimum balance between display performance and power consumption.
General Approach for Preparing Epidithiodioxopiperazines from Trioxopiperazine Precursors: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-Gliocladine C, (+)-Leptosin D, (+)-T988C, (+)-Bionectin A, and (+)-Gliocladin A (2013)

A common strategy for preparing tryptophan-derived epidithiodioxopiperazine (ETP) natural products containing a hydroxyl substituent adjacent to a quaternary carbon stereocenter is reported. This strategy is exemplified by enantioselective total syntheses of four heptacyclic ETP natural products--gliocladine C (6), leptosin D (7), T988C (8), and bionectin A (9)--starting with the di-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) derivative 17 of the trioxopiperazine natural product gliocladin C, which is readily available by enantioselective chemical synthesis. In addition, total syntheses of the enantiomer of gliocladine C (ent-6) and gliocladin A (11), the di(methylthio) congener of bionectin A, are reported. These syntheses illustrate a synthetic strategy wherein diversity in the dioxopiperazine unit of ETP natural products is introduced at a late stage in a synthetic sequence. In vitro cytotoxicity of compounds in this series against invasive human prostrate (DU145) and melanoma (A2058) cancer cell lines is described and compared to that of chaetocin A (4).
Deaths: final data for 2002. (2004)

Generally, mortality patterns in 2002 were consistent with long-term trends. Life expectancy in 2002 increased again to a new record level. The age-adjusted death rate declined to a record low historical figure. However, the infant mortality rate increased in 2002. The infant mortality rate has either decreased or remained level each successive year through 2001 since 1958. Trends for homicide and injury at work were interrupted due to the terrorist deaths that occurred September 11, 2001. The homicide rate decreased significantly from 2001 to 2002 and dropped to the 14th leading cause of death. Deaths due to injury at work also declined significantly during this period.
The atherosclerotic Yucatan animal model to study the arterial response after balloon angioplasty: the natural history of remodeling (1998)

Remodeling in de novo atherosclerosis and in restenosis after balloon angioplasty constitutes a change in total arterial circumference which, together with plaque growth or neointimal formation, determines the lumen of the artery. To better understand the fundamental biology of neointimal formation, remodeling and their interaction, animal studies are needed. In this study, we described in detail the methodology used and the natural history of neointimal formation and remodeling after balloon angioplasty in atherosclerotic Yucatan micropigs.Atherosclerosis was induced in 60 peripheral arteries of sixteen Yucatan micropigs by a combination of denudation and atherogenic diet. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 38 arteries, with serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative angiography before and after intervention and at 2, 4, 7, 14 or 42 days follow-up. Remodeling, expressed as late media-bounded area (MBA) loss, increased progressively over time. At 42 days, late MBA loss after balloon angioplasty was significantly different compared to late MBA loss in control arteries, 2.2 +/- 1.0 versus -0.3 +/- 1.1 mm2 and p = 0.02. Late lumen loss increased over time and was highest at 42 days after balloon angioplasty (2.8 +/- 0.7 mm2). The contribution of neointimal formation to late lumen loss decreased over time and the contribution of late MBA loss to late lumen increased over time and was highest at 42 days (78%). Medial necrosis was 48% at two days after balloon angioplasty and the repopulation of the media was almost completed at seven days.Remodeling following balloon angioplasty has an early onset and progresses with neointimal formation to cause restenosis over the standard 42-day time course for Yucatan micropigs. This correlates to six months renarrowing in humans. In this model, atherosclerosis and the natural history of restenosis, both with respect to neointimal formation and remodeling, resemble the human disease quite closely.