gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Plasmon-Coupled Emission of Quantum Dots (2004)

We studied surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). These QDs are water-soluble ZnS-capped CdSe nanoparticles stabilized using lysine cross-linked mercaptoundecanoic acid. The QDs were spin-coated from 0.75% PVA solution on a glass slide covered with 50 nm of silver and a 5-nm protective SiO(2) layer. Excited QDs induced surface plasmons in a thin silver layer. Surface plasmons emitted a hollow cone of radiation into an attached hemispherical glass prism at a narrow angle of 48.5 degrees. This directional radiation (SPCE) preserves the spectral properties of QD emission and is highly p-polarized irrespective of the excitation polarization. The SPCE spectrum depends on the observation angle because of the intrinsic dispersive properties of SPCE phenomenon. The remarkable photostability can make QDs superior to organic fluorophores when long exposure to the intense excitation is needed. The nanosize QDs also introduce a roughness near the metal layer, which results in a many-fold increase of the coupling of the incident light to the surface plasmons. This scattered incident illumination transformed into directional, polarized radiation can be used simultaneously with SPCE to develop devices based on both quantum dot emission and light scattered from surface plasmons on a rough surface.
RESILIENT part II: an open-label, randomized, phase III study of liposomal irinotecan injection in patients with small-cell lung cancer who have progressed with platinum-based first-line therapy. (2020)

TPS9081 Background: Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is often sensitive to established first-line therapies, many patients relapse and develop drug resistance, and second-line therapies are limited. RESILIENT (NCT03088813) is a two-part phase 2/3 study assessing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan monotherapy in patients with SCLC who progressed with platinum-based first-line therapy. Preliminary data from the dose-ranging part of the study (part 1) showed that liposomal irinotecan 70 mg/m 2 administered every 2 weeks was well tolerated and had promising antitumor activity (Paz-Ares et al. ASCO 2019; poster 318). Here, we present the design of the second, larger part of the study, which will evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposomal irinotecan versus topotecan in the same patient population. Methods: Part 2 of RESILIENT is a phase 3, open-label study with a planned sample size of 450. Patients are randomly allocated 1:1 to intravenous liposomal irinotecan or intravenous topotecan. Liposomal irinotecan is administered every 2 weeks at 70 mg/m 2 (free-base equivalent) and topotecan is administered for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks at 1.5 mg/m 2 . As of January 2020, 80 patients have been enrolled in part 2 of the trial. Tumor assessments are performed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 and the Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology criteria for CNS lesions; symptom improvement is measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Safety assessments include monitoring for adverse events. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, and proportion of patients reporting symptom improvement. Patients will continue study treatment until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or study withdrawal and will then be followed for survival until death or study end (when all patients have died, withdrawn consent or are lost to follow-up). Clinical trial information: NCT03088813.
Theoretical Studies on Thermochemistry for Conversion of 5-Chloromethylfurfural into Valuable Chemicals (2011)

Recently, 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) was proposed as a central intermediate in the conversion of carbohydrate-based material into useful organic commodities. In the present work, we have calculated the thermochemistry using the highly accurate G4 theory and several state-of-art density functional theory (DFT) methods (e.g., X1, M06-2X, B2PLYP-D, and XYG3) for the conversion from CMF to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) in water, and that to biofuels 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and ethyllevulinate (EL) in alcohol. New reaction mechanisms have been proposed, which complement the well-recognized Horvat mechanisms. The assessment of DFT methods suggested that XYG3 be a viable method for biomass related thermochemistry calculations.
The Notched Filtering Characteristics of Stratified Volume Holographic Grating (2000)

利用横梁繁殖方法(BPM ) 的工具计算 zeroth 顺序衍射横梁紧张，我们作为读出波长的功能发现 SVHG 显示 notched 衍射反应。用 SA 并且就读出波长变化的折射索引的变化而言的方法，一个练习槽口过滤器能被设计，过滤器的时期被讨论。
Treatment of common warts and actinic keratoses by Er:YAG laser (2001)

Treatment of common epithelial lesions such as common warts or actinic keratoses by Er:YAG laser is safe and effective. In patients with plantar warts, however, a significant rate of relapse may occur, requiring additional therapy.
Multicenter, Open-Label, Trial of Sarizotan in Parkinson Disease Patients With Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias (the SPLENDID Study) (2004)

Olanow, C. Warren MD; Damier, Philippe; Goetz, Christopher G.; Mueller, Thomas; Nutt, John; Rascol, Olivier; Serbanescu, Alexandru; Deckers, Frieda; Russ, Hermann Author Information
Characterization of human AFLP systems apolipoprotein B, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and D1S80. (1994)

Methodology is presented for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing using a nonisotopic, PCR protocol. Human variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci used for identification in forensic and paternity testing were optimized for reaction and thermal-cycling parameters. Loci analyzed were the apolipoprotein B (APOB) 3' hypervariable region (HVR), phenylalanine hydroxylase 3' HVR (PAH), and D1S80. Coamplification of a monomorphic beta-globin fragment serves as an amplification control. Biotin is integrated into PCR amplicon through primer incorporation. AFLP products undergo agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern transfer to a nylon membrane. Amplicons were detected using a streptavidin-enzyme conjugate. Either colorimetric- or chemiluminescent-developed bands are genotyped using locus-specific allele ladders with known VNTR repeat numbers. Using this methodology, we have successfully typed > 500 individuals from three population groups for each locus during data basing and casework.
Cutting edge: immature dendritic cells generated from monocytes in the presence of TGF-beta 1 express functional C-C chemokine receptor 6. (1999)

Although CD34+ progenitor-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) express CCR6, several recent studies reported that monocyte-derived immature DCs do not do so. We observed that DCs generated from monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4, and TGF-beta 1 consistently responded to liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha). These immature DCs expressed one class of high-affinity binding sites for LARC, and expressed both CCR6 mRNA and protein. Therefore, LARC-CCR6 interaction presumably also contributes to the regulation of trafficking of monocyte-derived DCs, and utilization of TGF-beta can potentially provide a ready source of CCR6+ monocyte-derived DCs for therapeutic purposes.
Transneuronal Transfer of Herpes Virus from Peripheral Nerves to Cortex and Brainstem (1989)

The transneuronal transfer of neurotropic viruses may represent an effective tool for tracing chains of connected neurons because replication of virus in the recipient neurons after transfer amplifies the "tracer signal." Herpes simplex virus type 1 was transferred transneuronally from forelimb and hindlimb nerves of rats to the cortical and brainstem neurons that project to the spinal enlargements to which the nerves receiving injections are connected. This transneuronal transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 from peripheral nerves has the potential to be used to identify neurons in the brain that are related transsynaptically to different nerves and muscles.
A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of the enantiomers of the terfenadine acid metabolite in humans (1994)

A stereoselective and sensitive achiral/chiral method for the determination of terfenadine acid metabolite in human plasma was developed. The metabolite was separated and quantitated using an achiral chromatographic procedure with a cyano column. The mobile phase was 1 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile (25:75% v/v) at a flow rate of 2 ml/min, at ambient temperature. The stereospecific resolution was accomplished using a chiral-AGP column and a mobile phase consisting of sodium acetate (0.01 M): methanol (98.7:1.3% v/v), and 20 mM di-n-butylamine at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 32 degrees C. The eluent was monitored at 230 nm (excitation) and 300 nm (emission) with a cut-off filter at 270 nm. This assay was used for a pharmacokinetic study in five subjects after administration of a single dose of 60 mg of terfenadine. The t1/2 values of the two enantiomers were similar, but the AUC values of the (+)-enantiomer were 2.05-2.35 times higher than those of (-)-enantiomer.
Gene expression markers of tendon fibroblasts in normal and diseased tissue compared to monolayer and three dimensional culture systems (2009)

The findings of this study indicate that high expression of both COL1A2 and scleraxis, and low expression of tenascin-C is representative of a tensional tendon phenotype. The in vitro culture methods used in these experiments however, may not recapitulate the phenotype of normal tensional tendon fibroblasts in tissues as evidenced by gene expression.
Dry etching of thin-film InN, AlN and GaN (1993)

Smooth, anisotropic dry etching of InN, AlN and GaN layers is demonstrated using low-pressure (1-30 mTorr) CH4/H2/Ar or Cl2/H2 ECR discharges with additional DC biasing of the sample. The etch rates are in the range 100-400 AA min-1 at 1 mTorr and -150 V DC for Cl2/H2, while higher biases are needed to initiate etching in CH4/H2/H discharges. The presence of hydrogen in the gas chemistries is necessary to facilitate equi-rate removal of the group III and nitrogen etch products, leading to smooth surface morphologies.
CLIP: Crosslinking and ImmunoPrecipitation of In Vivo RNA Targets of RNA-Binding Proteins (2008)

We present a newly developed method for fixing RNA-protein complexes in situ in living cells and the subsequent purification of the RNA targets. Using this approach, complex tissue such as mouse brain can be ultraviolet (UV) irradiated to covalently crosslink RNA-protein complexes. Once covalently bound, RNA-protein complexes can be purified under stringent conditions, allowing a highly specific purification scheme to be employed. After UV irradiation, the tissue is solubilized and the RNA partially digested, allowing a small fragment to remain attached to protein. RNA-protein complexes of interest are partially purified by immunoprecipitation and noncovalently associated RNA removed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These purified RNA-protein complexes are isolated and treated with proteinase K, which removes protein but leaves intact RNA. This RNA is abundant enough, and competent for, RNA linker ligation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification, and sequencing. Database matching of these short 70- to 100-nt RNA CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of RNA-protein complexes) "tags," which mark the native binding sites of RNA binding proteins, potentially allows the entire target repertoire of an RNA binding protein to be determined.
Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase genes coamplify in primary ovarian carcinomas. (1990)

The genes for acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and butyrylcholinesterase (CHE) are expressed in multiple tumor tissues, including ovarian carcinomas. Both CHE and ACHE genes coamplify in leukemias. To examine the relationship of gene amplification to the expression of these genes in tumors, ACHE and CHE genes and their expression were studied in primary ovarian carcinomas. DNA blot hybridization demonstrated a significant amplification and mutagenesis of both genes in 6 of 11 malignant tumors studied. This was greater or of the same order of magnitude as the amplification of the oncogenes c-rafi, v-sis, and c-fes in these tumors. No amplification was found in normal ovarian tissues or benign ovarian cysts. Xenopus oocyte microinjections, blot and in situ hybridizations, and immuno- and cytochemical staining revealed translatable CHEmRNA and its active protein product in discrete tumor foci. The frequent coamplification in ovarian carcinomas of ACHE and CHE genes implicates cholinesterases in neoplastic growth and/or proliferation.
Metathesis Route to Resin Glycosides:  Formal Total Synthesis of Tricolorin A (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMetathesis Route to Resin Glycosides: Formal Total Synthesis of Tricolorin AAlois Fürstner and Thomas MüllerView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3, 424–425Publication Date (Web):January 16, 1998Publication History Received17 October 1997Published online16 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971918khttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971918krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views695Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Diols,Metathesis,Organic reactions,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Resistance of Spinach to White Rust (Albugo occidentalis) and Downy Mildew (Peronospora farinosaf. sp.spinaciae) (1994)

Resistance of spinach to white rust (Albugo occidentalis) and races 3 and 4 of downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae) was quantified on several cultivars and breeding lines in separate field inoculation experiments. Several cultivars and breeding lines from the Arkansas breeding program had undergone repeated field selections for white rust resistance (Fall Green, Ozarka II, FA88-310, FA88-354, and FA86-70) while others had not (Grandstand, St. Helens, and Hybrid 424). Resistance to both diseases was quantified by measuring disease incidence and severity at regular intervals 7-32 days after inoculation. The latent periods and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) also were compared [...]
Optimized Method To Obtain Stable Food-Safe Recombinant Wine Yeast Strains (1998)

Pure Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures are commonly used to inoculate fresh musts. The added active dry yeasts dominate the fermentation and produce wine of more reproducible quality. This microbiological simplification of the vinification process opens the way for the genetic modification of active dry yeasts. Industrial yeast strains have been successfully transformed, selecting for G418 resistance. The use of this method for integrative transformation facilitates the construction of food-safe recombinant yeast strains with high efficiency. To demonstrate the potential of the method, the two URA3 alleles of the wine yeast T73 strain were disrupted in two consecutive steps, obtaining a stable recombinant strain that retains all of its useful wine-making properties. Keywords: Yeast; wine; genetic transformation; food-safe
Cladribine induces apoptosis in human leukaemia cells by caspase-dependent and -independent pathways acting on mitochondria (2001)

We have studied the role of caspases and mitochondria in apoptosis induced by 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine (cladribine) in several human leukaemic cell lines. Cladribine treatment induced mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase activation and development of typical apoptotic morphology in JM1 (pre-B), Jurkat (T) and U937 (promonocytic) cells. Western-blot analysis of cell extracts revealed the activation of at least caspases 3, 6, 8 and 9. Co-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk (benzyloxy-carbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone), a general caspase inhibitor, significantly prevented cladribine-induced death in JM1 and Jurkat cells for the first ≈ 40h, but not for longer times. Z-VAD-fmk also partly prevented some morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis in U937 cells, but not cell death. Co-incubation with selective caspase inhibitors Ac-DEVD-CHO (N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde),Ac-LEHD-CHO(N-acetyl-Leu-Glu-His-Asp-aldehyde) or Z-IETD-fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-fluoromethylketone), inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide or cell-cycle arrest with aphidicolin did not prevent cell death. Overexpression of Bcl-2, but not CrmA, efficiently prevented death in Jurkat cells. In all cell lines, death was always preceded by ΔΨm loss and accompanied by the translocation of the protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus. These results suggest that caspases are differentially involved in induction and execution of apoptosis depending on the leukaemic cell lineage. In any case, ΔΨm loss marked the point of no return in apoptosis and may be caused by two different pathways, one caspase-dependent and the other caspase-independent. Execution of apoptosis was always performed after ΔΨm loss by a caspase-9-triggered caspase cascade and the action of AIF.
Corrections to the surface area metric with respect to mail-boxing (2008)

The surface area heuristic is the standard method for producing high quality acceleration structures for ray-tracing. High quality acceleration structures minimize per-ray costs for ray-tracing and thus rendering times. However, the metric used by the surface area heuristic makes several assumptions that do not hold in practice. Much work has been done to analyze these assumptions and provide a more accurate cost model but no-one has analyzed the surface area metricpsilas interaction with a common ray-tracing optimization, mail-boxing. We present a correction to the surface area metric for ray-tracing systems using mail-boxing. Additionally, we provide a concrete example of how our new metric improves the quality of kd-trees as compared to the original surface area metric. Finally, we show that our correction provides a noticeable (about 30%) reduction in the number of intersection tests performed during ray-tracing as well as improving run-time performance. We conclude that this algorithmic adjustment is so simple that anyone implementing mail-boxing should consider using it.
Inhibition of Yeast Ribonucleic Acid Polymerases by Thiolutin (1973)

Yeast ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase II, isolated after fractionation on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose (DE-52) or on DEAE-Sephadex (A-25), is 50% inhibited by 1.5 mug of alpha-amanitin. This inhibition is independent of the sequence of interaction of enzyme, template, nucleotides, and antibiotic and is expressed immediately on addition of alpha-amanitin to a preparation actively synthesizing RNA. Thus, alpha-amanitin's primary effect is inhibition of elongation of preinitiated RNA sequences in this system, as in others. A single peak of alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase activity (I) was eluted before enzyme II on either column. On A-25 but not on DE-52, a third peak of activity (III) was eluted after enzyme II. This activity was also resistant to alpha-amanitin. Enzymes I, II, and III were 50% inhibited by 3, 4, and 3 mug of thiolutin per ml, respectively. The extent of inhibition was independent of the nature of the template (native or denatured salmon sperm deoxyribonucleic acid or poly(dA-dT) or of the presence of 0.4 mM dithiothreitol, but this marked inhibition was only seen when enzymes were preincubated with thiolutin in the absence of template. Template protected the enzymes against thiolutin in the absence of nucleotides. Either the sensitive site on the polymerase is only accessible to thiolutin before interaction with template or thiolutin inhibits functional polymerase-template interaction but not elongation of preinitiated RNA chains.
Role of Topoisomerase IIβ in the Expression of Developmentally Regulated Genes (2006)

Mice lacking topoisomerase IIbeta (TopIIbeta) are known to exhibit a perinatal death phenotype. In the current study, transcription profiles of the brains of wild-type and top2beta knockout mouse embryos were generated. Surprisingly, only a small number (1 to 4%) of genes were affected in top2beta knockout embryos. However, the expression of nearly 30% of developmentally regulated genes was either up- or down-regulated. By contrast, the expression of genes encoding general cell growth functions and early differentiation markers was not affected, suggesting that TopIIbeta is not required for early differentiation programming but is specifically required for the expression of developmentally regulated genes at later stages of differentiation. Consistent with this notion, immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections showed that TopIIbeta and histone deacetylase 2, a known TopIIbeta-interacting protein, were preferentially expressed in neurons which are in their later stages of differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the developing brains revealed TopIIbeta binding to the 5' region of a number of TopIIbeta-sensitive genes. Further studies of a TopIIbeta-sensitive gene, Kcnd2, revealed the presence of TopIIbeta in the transcription unit with major binding near the promoter region. Together, these results support a role of TopIIbeta in activation/repression of developmentally regulated genes at late stages of neuronal differentiation.
X-ray diffraction studies of the growth of vanadium dioxide nanoparticles (2007)

We have characterized for the first time in situ the growth of vanadium dioxide nanoparticulate films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition, using a five-circle x-ray diffractometer, in order to provide structural information as the films are grown. A vanadium metal target was ablated in the presence of a pulsed N2O reactive gas source, and films were grown on Si(001) and Al2O3(0001) substrates. Optical measurements confirmed that the films deposited in this way exhibit the well-known VO2 metal–insulator transition at approximately 70 °C. The VO2 films grown at room temperature on silicon substrates are amorphous and extremely smooth. These become considerably rougher upon thermal annealing, as the VO2 phase crystallizes out in the form of hemispherical islands. These films also contain traces of a V2O5 nanoparticle phase in the first few monolayers, although the degree of VO2 crystallinity in the nanoparticles is quite high. In contrast, the VO2 nanoparticles grown on the sapphire substrates are in the form of preferentially oriented rodlike islands, with a maximum rod width of about 100 nm. This in-plane texture is in keeping with the relatively good lattice match between film and substrate, indicating good potential for the growth of VO2 epitaxial films and single-crystal nanoparticles on such substrates.