gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of an inducible serine esterase gene from human cytotoxic lymphocytes. (1988)

A cDNA clone encoding a human serine esterase gene was isolated from a library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA of allogeneically stimulated, interleukin 2-expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The clone, designated HSE26.1, represents a full-length copy of a 0.9-kilobase mRNA present in human cytotoxic cells but absent from a wide variety of noncytotoxic cell lines. Clone HSE26.1 contains an 892-base-pair sequence, including a single 741-base-pair open reading frame encoding a putative 247-residue polypeptide. The first 20 amino acids of the polypeptide form a leader sequence. The mature protein is predicted to have an unglycosylated Mr of approximately equal to 26,000 and contains a single potential site for N-linked glycosylation. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of clone HSE26.1 are homologous with all murine and human serine esterases cloned thus far but are most similar to mouse granzyme B (70% nucleotide and 68% amino acid identity). HSE26.1 protein is expressed weakly in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells but is strongly induced within 6-hr incubation in medium containing phytohemagglutinin. The data suggest that the protein encoded by HSE26.1 plays a role in cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Detection and expression of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in multidrug-resistant and non-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Central Sydney, Australia (2002)

Ninety clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from separate patients were examined phenotypically and genotypically for susceptibility to methicillin/oxacillin. Thirty were methicillin/oxacillin susceptible and 60 were methicillin and oxacillin resistant (MRSA). The 60 MRSA isolates examined were subdivided into two groups according to their antibiotic profiles and comprised 30 non-multidrug-resistant (NMDR) isolates, resistant to less than two non-beta-lactam antibiotics, and 30 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, resistant to three or more non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of methicillin/oxacillin showed that despite use of the guidelines published by the NCCLS for the testing of S. aureus susceptibility to methicillin/oxacillin, MIC values of some NMDR MRSA isolates fell below the NCCLS-recommended breakpoints. Etest strips failed to detect two NMDR MRSA isolates tested with oxacillin and four tested with methicillin. Lowering the NCCLS-recommended oxacillin screen agar concentration from 6 to 2 mg/L and temperature of incubation to 30 degrees C, improved the specificity and sensitivity of NMDR MRSA detection from 87% to 100%. On PFGE analysis these NMDR MRSA strains were genotypically different. Genotypic tests, such as multiplex PCR for the mecA/nuc genes and DNA hybridization for the mecA gene, or phenotypic monoclonal antibody-based tests to detect penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) offer advantages for problematic isolates in detecting or confirming low-level phenotypic heterogeneous mecA expression of oxacillin and methicillin resistance in NMDR MRSA.
Generation of functional erythrocytes from human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive hematopoiesis (2008)

A critical issue for clinical utilization of human ES cells (hESCs) is whether they can generate terminally mature progenies with normal function. We recently developed a method for efficient production of hematopoietic progenitors from hESCs by coculture with murine fetal liver-derived stromal cells. Large numbers of hESCs-derived erythroid progenitors generated by the coculture enabled us to analyze the development of erythropoiesis at a clone level and investigate their function. The results showed that the globin expression in the erythroid cells in individual clones changed in a time-dependent manner. In particular, embryonic epsilon-globin-expressing erythroid cells from individual clones decreased, whereas adult-type beta-globin-expressing cells increased to approximately 100% in all clones we examined, indicating that the cells undergo definitive hematopoiesis. Enucleated erythrocytes also appeared among the clonal progeny. A comparison analysis showed that hESC-derived erythroid cells took a similar differentiation pathway to human cord blood CD34(+) progenitor-derived cells when examined for the expression of glycophorin A, CD71 and CD81. Furthermore, these hESC-derived erythroid cells could function as oxygen carriers and had a sufficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The present study should provide an experimental model for exploring early development of human erythropoiesis and hemoglobin switching and may help in the discovery of drugs for hereditary diseases in erythrocyte development.
The treatability of psychopaths (1991)

Abstract The 1983 Mental Health Act allows the definition of psychopathic disorder to be considered separately from its treatment. The treatability of patients with psychopathic disorder is, however, controversial. Most patients in the legal category of psychopathic disorder who receive compulsory treatment do so in Special Hospitals. This study compared psychopaths considered treatable by Special Hospital consultants with those considered untreatable for the 5-year period following the introduction of the 1983 Mental Health Act. The sources of information used were the admission assessment reports of the Special Hospital psychiatrists. Analysis of psychiatric, demographic and criminological variables failed to distinguish between the two groups of treatable and untreatable psychopaths. The results suggest that the selection of psychopaths for admission to hospital and compulsory treatment is arbitrary.
A Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides Utilizing High Molecular Weight Carriers (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides Utilizing High Molecular Weight CarriersMati Fridkin, Abraham Patchornik, and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 20, 4646–4648Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00948a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00948a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sodium channel accumulation in humans with painful neuromas (1996)

Painful neuromas from 16 patients were examined using site-specific antisodium channel antibodies employed in immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay methods. Normal sural nerves from six of these patients served as controls. Immunocytochemistry showed abnormal segmental accumulation of sodium channels within many axons in the neuromas. Dens immunolocalization was especially apparent within the axonal tips. Radioimmunoassay confirmed a significantly greater density of sodium channels in the neuromas as compared with the sural nerves. Thus, sodium channel accumulate abnormally within the axons of neuromas in humans. This alteration of the sodium channels may underlie the generation of axonal hyperexcitability and the resulting abnormal sensory phenomena (pain and paresthesias), which frequently occur after peripheral nerve injury.
Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase Expression in Patients with Acute Graft‐versus‐Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and in Pregnant Women: Association with the Induction of Allogeneic Immune Tolerance? (2003)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced enzyme, which is suggested to play an important role in the prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection. IDO effects the suppression of T-cell activity by catabolizing the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. We studied IDO expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in dendritic cells and by real-time RT-PCR in monocytes of patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation for leukaemia, who developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), and compared the IDO expression with that of pregnant women and healthy volunteers. A spontaneous IDO expression was detected in the monocytes of 20 pregnant women with an IDO/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) ratio at a median of 1.0%, whereas none of 15 healthy volunteers or patients after allogeneic transplant had any detectable spontaneous IDO expression. The IDO expression increased by in vitro IFN-gamma stimulation in pregnant women (median 116%), healthy volunteers (median 11.7%) and patients with a low-grade aGvHD (grades 0-II) 28 days after transplant (median 433%) but not in patients with a severe aGvHD (grades III-IV) (median 0%), which was highly significant (P < 0.01). IDO expression was also measured in dendritic cells by qualitative RT-PCR, where a spontaneous IDO expression was detected in 16 of 31 (52%) pregnant women versus none of 17 healthy volunteers and none of 62 studied patients after transplant. IFN-gamma-induced IDO expression was detected in all pregnant women, all volunteers and 47 of 49 (96%) patients with a low-grade aGvHD (grades 0-II) after transplant, whereas only in two of 13 (16%) patients with aGvHD grade III-IV was IFN-gamma-induced IDO expression observed. These data suggest that IDO expression might be involved in the development of allogeneic immune tolerance.
Control of resputtering in biased CoCrPt–SiO2 media to enhance grain decoupling and grain size distribution (2008)

A CoCrPt–SiO2 magnetic layer was investigated as functions of argon pressure and substrate bias voltage. Use of these two parameters provided fine tuning of the average kinetic energy of incoming Ar+, which causes resputtering and, consequently, influences adatom mobility during film growth. Biasing and high Ar pressure resulted in a significant improvement in grain decoupling and grain size distribution in the films. Furthermore, resputtering of the metal and oxide species from the growing CoCrPt–SiO2 film was interpreted in terms of the surface adhesion energy of the species on the metal Ru underlayer.
Wrong Turn (1993)

Howard emerged from the treeline onto the starlit ice he saw his family and his friend skating, moving through the night as in a dance. "Dad, it's so neat!" said Patty as she ran a few steps and then skated several feet and nearly crashed into Howard. Wade was skating too. Through a big grin he said, "I used to skate like this every winter when I was a kid." "Here I come!" Judy shrieked as she slid into Howard, nearly knocking him down. "You look like you're having fun," Howard laughed as they steadied themselves together. "My mom liked to come out here, too," Wade went on. "She used to play right here just like this when she was a girl. This place is called The Crossing. It's a litde ford across Elk Creek." Judy said, "Let's be real quiet a few minutes. I want to just stand and listen." All stood quiedy listening. They felt the cold air on tlieir faces. They breatlied the cold air into their lungs and warmed it, then let it out again. "Well, I'd best get back to the house," said Wade after a while. "I'll see you all back inside," and he disappeared into the shadows of the trees. The Miller family stood close on the ice together, hearing the flowing water beneath them, feeling the cold air around them, feeling the warmth ofeach other's presence. After Patty and Ronnie left to go back in, Howard and Judy put their arms around each other and stood side by side a very long time together. Wrong Turn You drink your tea this afternoon and ask, how are things back there, and we joke, and it's obvious you want to back out but can't because you make too much money and expect even more ahead if you keep on going, though there you aren't missed much, and we think you know who took a wrong turn on a dark road. —Ralph St. Louis ...
Heat Shock Protein 70 Inhibitors. 2. 2,5′-Thiodipyrimidines, 5-(Phenylthio)pyrimidines, 2-(Pyridin-3-ylthio)pyrimidines, and 3-(Phenylthio)pyridines as Reversible Binders to an Allosteric Site on Heat Shock Protein 70 (2014)

The discovery and development of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibitors is currently a hot topic in cancer. In the preceding paper in this issue ( 10.1021/jm401551n ), we have described structure-activity relationship studies in the first Hsp70 inhibitor class rationally designed to bind to a novel allosteric pocket located in the N-terminal domain of the protein. These ligands contained an acrylamide to take advantage of an active cysteine embedded in the allosteric pocket and acted as covalent protein modifiers upon binding. Here, we perform chemical modifications around the irreversible inhibitor scaffold to demonstrate that covalent modification is not a requirement for activity within this class of compounds. The study identifies derivative 27c, which mimics the biological effects of the irreversible inhibitors at comparable concentrations. Collectively, the back-to-back manuscripts describe the first pharmacophores that favorably and selectively interact with a never explored pocket in Hsp70 and provide a novel blueprint for a cancer-oriented development of Hsp70-directed ligands.
Safety and Comparative Immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA Vaccine in Combination with Plasmid Interleukin 12 and Impact of Intramuscular Electroporation for Delivery (2013)

Use of electroporation after PV administration provided superior immunogenicity than delivery without electroporation. This study illustrates the power of combined DNA approaches to generate impressive immune responses in humans.
Metalloantibodies (1990)

A metalloantibody has been constructed with a coordination site for metals in the antigen binding pocket. The Zn(II) binding site from carbonic anhydrase B was used as a model. Three histidine residues have been placed in the light chain complementarity determining regions of a single chain antibody molecule. In contrast to the native protein, the mutant displayed metal-dependent fluorescence-quenching behavior. This response was interpreted as evidence for metal binding in the three-histidine site with relative affinities in the order Cu(II) greater than Zn(II) greater than Cd(II). The presence of metal cofactors in immunoglobulins should facilitate antibody catalysis of redox and hydrolytic reactions.
N-Nitroso-N,O-dialkylhydroxylamines: preparation, structure, and mechanism of the hydronium ion catalysed solvolytic nitrous oxide extrusion reaction (2000)

Eleven N-nitroso-N,O-dialkylhydroxylamines, RN(NO)OR′, have been prepared and the mechanisms of their hydronium ion catalysed solvolyses in aqueous solution which liberate nitrous oxide have been investigated. All reactions are first-order in substrate and first-order in hydronium ion, and the second-order rate constants at 25 °C vary over a range of less than 140 in spite of considerable variation in substrate structure (R ranges from methyl to 4-methoxybenzyl to 2-adamantyl, for example) and changes in solvent composition (water with up to 50% methanol or 66% acetonitrile). Enthalpies and entropies of activation are qualitatively similar throughout the range (ΔH‡ = 72–93 kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡ = −19 to −57 J K−1 mol−1) which, with the product analyses, are accommodated by a mechanism involving pre-equilibrium protonation of the substrates followed by rate-limiting dissociation to give RN2O+ and HOR′. The oxodiazonium ion intermediate, RN2O+, then dissociates further to give the carbenium ion intermediate, R+, or suffers direct nucleophilic displacement of N2O by solvent (the external nucleophile) or by R′OH (the internal nucleophile liberated in the initial fragmentation). The carbenium ion, R+ (if formed), suffers nucleophilic capture either by solvent or by R′OH. When acetonitrile is the co-solvent (rather than methanol) for the N-(2-adamantyl) substrate 3g, the product of the Ritter reaction, 2-acetamidoadamantane, is detected. These nitrous oxide liberating reactions are compared with the nitric oxide liberating reactions of related N-nitrosohydroxylamines, and the origin of the difference between them is identified. The N(1)-nitroso group in the N,O-dibenzyl compound 3c is shown by X-ray crystallography to be essentially coplanar with the C and O atoms also bonded to N(1).
Microtopography and Soft Tissue Response (1989)

Implants placed in soft tissue evoke a foreign body reaction. Polymeric implants having smooth surfaces, such as silicone rubber implants, develop a nonadherent fibrogranulous tissue capsule which contracts over time and stiffens. Conventional porous implants, such as those made from textiles, usually have pores larger than 20 microns and they become infiltrated with inflammatory tissue. The in vivo cell reaction to polymeric surfaces having pores smaller than 10 microns has not been investigated systematically. In this study the histocompatibility of materials having mean pore diameters from 0.4 to 10 microns was assessed. A material available with several different defined pore sizes Versapor filter material) was tested in vivo to determine relation between pore size and qualitative tissue response. Silicone-coated samples were also tested to determine the dependence of the observed tissue response on the implant surface chemistry. Results showed nonadherent, contracting capsules around implants having pore diameters smaller than 0.5 microns. Implants with pores ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 microns evoked thin, tightly adherent fibrous capsules without inflammatory cells. Porosities of 3.3 microns and larger became infiltrated with inflammatory tissue. Results indicate that the observed tissue response is predominantly dependent on implant surface topography and that variation in implant material may have little effect. It is concluded that a defined surface topography of 1 to 2 microns appears to allow direct fibroblast attachment to the surface independent of its chemical or electrochemical nature. Attached fibroblasts then produce a minimal connective tissue response to the implant and prevent or diminish the presence of inflammatory cells at the implant/tissue interface.
Trimeric Subdomain of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein (1995)

Previous attempts to define the oligomeric state of the HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins have yielded conflicting results. We have produced in Escherichia coli a recombinant model for the ectodomain of the SIV envelope protein gp41 and have identified a small, trimeric subdomain by proteolytic digestion of this gp41 fragment. The subdomain assembles from two peptide fragments, spanning residues 28-80 (N28-80) and residues 107-149 (C107-149) of SIV gp41. Each of these peptides contains a 4,3-hydrophobic repeat, the hallmark of coiled-coil sequences. Upon mixing, the peptides form a highly helical, trimeric complex [3(N+C)] that resists proteolysis and has a melting temperature (Tm) above 90 degrees C in physiological buffer. The N- and C-terminal fragments are antiparallel to each other in the complex, as judged by the observation that digestion of a variant recombinant protein truncated at the amino terminus yields a C-terminal fragment shortened at its carboxy terminus. The N28-80 peptide contains more positions within the heptad repeat than C107-149 that are predominantly hydrophobic, suggesting that N28-80 is buried in the interior of the complex. We propose that the complex consists of a parallel, trimeric coiled-coil of the N-terminal peptide, encircled by three C-terminal peptide helices arranged in an antiparallel fashion, and that this complex forms a core within the gp41 extracellular domain.
Background, concept, and architecture for the recent MPEG surround standard on multichannel audio compression (2007)

An overview of the recently finalized ISO/MPEG standard for multichannel audio compression MPEG Surround is provided. This audio compression scheme enables backwardcompatible multichannel audio coding and transmission at unsurpassed coding efficiency. This is achieved by generating a mono, stereo, or matrixed-surround compatible down mix, which can be transmitted using any existing mono or stereo service, extended with a small amount of parametric side information that describes the perceptually relevant spatial properties of the original multichannel content. The concepts behind spatial parameterization are outlined, and the architecture of the MPEG Surround system is explained. Results of subjective evaluations are included to demonstrate its efficiency.
Annexin V/β5 Integrin Interactions Regulate Apoptosis of Growth Plate Chondrocytes (2006)

Apoptosis of terminally differentiated chondrocytes allows the replacement of growth plate cartilage by bone. Despite its importance, little is known about the regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis. We show that overexpression of annexin V, which binds to the cytoplasmic domain of beta5 integrin and protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), stimulates apoptotic events in hypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes. To determine whether the balance between the interactions of annexin V/beta5 integrin and annexin V/active PKCalpha play a role in the regulation of terminally differentiated growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis, a peptide mimic of annexin V (Penetratin (Pen)-VVISYSMPD) that binds to beta5 integrin but not to PKCalpha was used. This peptide stimulated apoptotic events in growth plate chondrocytes. Suppression of annexin V expression using small interfering ribonucleic acid decreased caspase-3 activity and increased cell viability in Pen-VVISYSMPD-treated growth plate chondrocytes. An activator of PKC resulted in a further decrease of cell viability and further increase of caspase-3 activity in Pen-VVISYSMPD-treated growth plate chondrocytes, whereas inhibitors of PKCalpha led to an increase of cell viability and decrease of caspase-3 activity of Pen-VVISYSMPD-treated cells. These findings suggest that binding of annexin V to active PKCalpha stimulates apoptotic events in growth plate chondrocytes and that binding of annexin Vto beta5 integrin controls these interactions and ultimately apoptosis.
Acousto-optic signal processing: Convolution and correlation (1981)

The use of acousto-optic devices in real-time signal convolution and correlation has increased dramatically during the past decade because of improvements in device characteristics and implementation techniques. Depending on the application, processing can be implemented via spatial or temporal integration. Two-dimensional signal processing (including image processing) is possile, in spite of the inherent one-dimensional nature of the acousto-optic device as a spatial light modulator.