gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OB-BP1/Siglec-6 (1999)

We report the expression cloning of a novel leptin-binding protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily (OB-BP1) and a cross-hybridizing clone (OB-BP2) that is identical to a recently described sialic acid-binding I-type lectin called Siglec-5. Comparisons to other known Siglec family members (CD22, CD33, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and sialoadhesin) show that OB-BP1, OB-BP2/Siglec-5, and CD33/Siglec-3 constitute a unique related subgroup with a high level of overall amino acid identity: OB-BP1 versus Siglec-5 (59%), OB-BP1 versus CD33 (63%), and OB-BP2/Siglec-5 versus CD33 (56%). The cytoplasmic domains are not as highly conserved, but display novel motifs which are putative sites of tyrosine phosphorylation, including an immunoreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory motif and a motif found in SLAM and SLAM-like proteins. Human tissues showed high levels of OB-BP1 mRNA in placenta and moderate expression in spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, and small intestine. OB-BP2/Siglec-5 mRNA was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, spleen, and placenta. A monoclonal antibody specific for OB-BP1 confirmed high expression in the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta. Using this antibody on peripheral blood leukocytes showed an almost exclusive expression pattern on B cells. Recombinant forms of the extracellular domains of OB-BP1, OB-BP2/Siglec-5, and CD33/Siglec-3 were assayed for specific binding of leptin. While OB-BP1 exhibited tight binding (K(d) 91 nM), the other two showed weak binding with K(d) values in the 1-2 microM range. Studies with sialylated ligands indicated that OB-BP1 selectively bound Neu5Acalpha2-6GalNAcalpha (sialyl-Tn) allowing its formal designation as Siglec-6. The identification of OB-BP1/Siglec-6 as a Siglec family member, coupled with its restricted expression pattern, suggests that it may mediate cell-cell recognition events by interacting with sialylated glycoprotein ligands expressed on specific cell populations. We also propose a role for OB-BP1 in leptin physiology, as a molecular sink to regulate leptin serum levels.
Optical microscope tomography I Support constraint (1987)

A new principle of tomographic optical microscope imaging has been developed that uses a computerized reconstruction algorithm and a transmission optical microscope. A conventional transmission microscope with a rotationally oblique illumination system provides projections of a thick specimen in various directions within the numerical aperture of the objective lens. The images obtained are combined to reconstruct a three-dimensional distribution of the sample by inverting the imaging system in a computer. The three-dimensional optical transfer function of this projection system is analyzed, and it is found that this system is strictly angularly band limited. For improving the spatial resolution we utilize a priori knowledge of the spatial extent of the object as the support constraint. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the tomographic imaging capability of this principle.
Sample handling for kinetics and molecular assembly in flow cytometry (1998)

Flow cytometry discriminates particle associated fluorescence from the fluorescence of the surrounding medium. It permits assemblies of macromolecular complexes on beads or cells to be detected in real-time with precision and specificity. We have investigated two types of robust sample handling systems which provide sub-second resolution and high throughput: (1) mixers which use stepper-motor driven syringes to initiate chemical reactions in msec time frames; and (2) flow injection controllers with valves and automated syringes used in chemical process control. In the former system, we used fast valves to overcome the disparity between mixing 100 (mu) ls of sample in 100 msecs and delivering sample to a flow cytometer at 1 (mu) l/sec. Particles were detected within 100 msec after mixing, but unstable flow was created which lasted for 1 sec after injection of the sample into the flow cytometer. We used optical criteria to discriminate particles which were out of alignment due to the unstable flow. Complex sample handling protocols involving multiple mixing steps and sample dilution have also been achieved. With the latter system we were able to automate sample handling and delivery with intervals of a few seconds. We used a fluidic approach to defeat the instability caused by sample introduction. By controlling both sheath and sample with individual syringes, the period of instability was reduced to approximately 200 msecs. Automated sample handling and sub-second resolution should permit broad analytical and diagnostic applications of flow cytometry.
Collaborative Variational Autoencoder for Recommender Systems (2017)

Modern recommender systems usually employ collaborative filtering with rating information to recommend items to users due to its successful performance. However, because of the drawbacks of collaborative-based methods such as sparsity, cold start, etc., more attention has been drawn to hybrid methods that consider both the rating and content information. Most of the previous works in this area cannot learn a good representation from content for recommendation task or consider only text modality of the content, thus their methods are very limited in current multimedia scenario. This paper proposes a Bayesian generative model called collaborative variational autoencoder (CVAE) that considers both rating and content for recommendation in multimedia scenario. The model learns deep latent representations from content data in an unsupervised manner and also learns implicit relationships between items and users from both content and rating. Unlike previous works with denoising criteria, the proposed CVAE learns a latent distribution for content in latent space instead of observation space through an inference network and can be easily extended to other multimedia modalities other than text. Experiments show that CVAE is able to significantly outperform the state-of-the-art recommendation methods with more robust performance.
The long and winding road from the research laboratory to industrial applications of lactic acid bacteria (2005)

Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of these research results to industrially useful innovations is, however, considerably more complex than generally appreciated. The long and winding road from the research laboratory to industrial applications will be illustrated with two recent examples from Chr. Hansen A/S: the implementation in industrial scale of a new production technology based on respiration by Lactococcus lactis and the introduction to the market of L. lactis strains constructed using recombinant DNA technology.
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) regulation by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates permeability changes in intestinal epithelia (2002)

Under conditions of limited oxygen availability (hypoxia), multiple cell types release adenine nucleotides in the form of ATP, ADP, and AMP.Extracellular AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expressed ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73) and subsequently activates surface adenosine receptors regulating endothelial and epithelial barrier function.Therefore, we hypothesized that hypoxia transcriptionally regulates CD73 expression.Microarray RNA analysis revealed an increase in CD73 and ecto-apyrase CD39 in hypoxic epithelial cells.Metabolic studies of CD39/CD73 function in intact epithelia revealed that hypoxia enhances CD39/CD73 function as much as 6 0.5-fold over normoxia.Examination of the CD73 gene promoter identified at least one binding site for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and inhibition of HIF-1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides resulted in significant inhibition of hypoxia-inducible CD73 expression.Studies using luciferase reporter constructs revealed a significant increase in activity in cells subjected to hypoxia, which was lost in truncated constructs lacking the HIF-1 site.Mutagenesis of the HIF-1 binding site resulted in a nearly complete loss of hypoxia-inducibility.In vivo studies in a murine hypoxia model revealed that hypoxia-induced CD73 may serve to protect the epithelial barrier, since the CD73 inhibitor ,-methylene ADP promotes increased intestinal permeability .These results identify an HIF-1-dependent regulatory pathway for CD73 and indicate the likelihood that CD39/CD73 protects the epithelial barrier during hypoxia.
MX-LSTM: Mixing Tracklets and Vislets to Jointly Forecast Trajectories and Head Poses (2018)

Recent approaches on trajectory forecasting use tracklets to predict the future positions of pedestrians exploiting Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architectures. This paper shows that adding vislets, that is, short sequences of head pose estimations, allows to increase significantly the trajectory forecasting performance. We then propose to use vislets in a novel framework called MX-LSTM, capturing the interplay between tracklets and vislets thanks to a joint unconstrained optimization of full covariance matrices during the LSTM backpropagation. At the same time, MX-LSTM predicts the future head poses, increasing the standard capabilities of the long-term trajectory forecasting approaches. With standard head pose estimators and an attentional-based social pooling, MX-LSTM scores the new trajectory forecasting state-of-the-art in all the considered datasets (Zara01, Zara02, UCY, and TownCentre) with a dramatic margin when the pedestrians slow down, a case where most of the forecasting approaches struggle to provide an accurate solution.
Investigation of Fumed Silica/Aqueous NaCl Superdielectric Material (2016)

A constant current charge/discharge protocol which showed fumed silica filled to the point of incipient wetness with aqueous NaCl solution to have dielectric constants >10⁸ over the full range of dielectric thicknesses of 0.38-3.9 mm and discharge times of 0.25->100 s was studied, making this material another example of a superdielectric. The dielectric constant was impacted by both frequency and thickness. For time to discharge greater than 10 s the dielectric constant for all thicknesses needed to be fairly constant, always >10⁸, although trending higher with increasing thickness. At shorter discharge times the dielectric constant consistently decreased, with decreasing time to discharge. Hence, it is reasonable to suggest that for time to discharge >10 s the dielectric constant at all thicknesses will be greater than 10⁸. This in turn implies an energy density for a 5 micron thick dielectric layer in the order of 350 J/cm³ for discharge times greater than 10 s.
The role of cadherin in the generation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in murine marrow. (1995)

A critical step in bone resorption is the fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors to form multinucleated osteoclasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for this important process. Since the expression of proteins in the cadherin family of homophilic calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules is involved in the fusion process for certain other cells, we examined their role in osteoclast formation. Immunohistochemical examination of human and mouse bone using monoclonal antibodies to human and mouse E-cadherin clearly demonstrated positive staining in osteoclasts. N- and P-cadherin were not detected. In cultures of murine marrow mononuclear cells in which osteoclasts form by cell fusion, E-cadherin expression determined by Western blotting reached the highest levels as fusion was taking place. Expression of E-cadherin gene fragment was also detected in the marrow cultures by polymerase chain reaction. To study the functional role of E-cadherin expression in osteoclastic differentiation, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were examined for their effects on osteoclast formation. The antibodies decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (a marker of murine osteoclast)-positive multinucleated cell (TRAP-positive MNC) by inhibiting the fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors, but not proliferation of these cells or their attachment to plastic dish surfaces. This inhibitory effect was reversible. Furthermore, synthetic peptides containing the cell adhesion recognition sequence of cadherins also decreased TRAP-positive MNC formation. The antibodies and peptides inhibited not only osteoclast formation but also bone resorption. Antibodies to other types of cadherins and control rat IgG had no effects in these culture systems. Our findings suggest that E-cadherin expression may be involved in fusion (differentiation) of hemopoietic osteoclast precursors into mature multinucleated osteoclasts.
Adriamycin analogs. 2. Novel anomeric ribofuranoside analogs of daunorubicin (1982)

The synthesis, cell growth-inhibitory activity, in vivo antileukemic activity, and extent of DNA binding of the alpha- and beta-anomeric 7-O-(3-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-ribofuranosyl)daunomycinones and their trifluoroacetamides are described. These compounds are unique in that they are the first reported furanoside analogues of the antitumor antibiotics daunorubicin and adriamycin. Continuing analysis of structure-activity relationships amongst natural and semisynthetic anthracyclines fails to reveal a predictable relationship between in vivo antitumor activity and the in vitro properties of DNA complexation and cell growth inhibition.
A nonlinear analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid system and intracranial pressure dynamics (1978)

✓ A mathematical model of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system was developed to help clarify the kinetics of the intracranial pressure (ICP). A general equation predicting the time course of pressure was derived in terms of four parameters: the intracranial compliance, dural sinus pressure, resistance to absorption, and CSF formation. These parameters were measured in the adult cat, and the equation was tested by comparing experimental and calculated values of the time course of pressure in response to volume changes. The theoretical and experimental results were in close agreement, and the role of each parameter in governing the dynamic equilibrium of the ICP was determined. From this analysis, dynamic tests were developed for rapid measurement of CSF formation, absorption resistance, and the bulk intracranial compliance. These techniques are applicable to clinical settings, providing data that are useful in characterizing the physiological mechanisms responsible for raised ICP and assessing changes induced by therapy.
Therapeutic Effect of IL-13 Immunoneutralization During Chronic Experimental Fungal Asthma (2001)

IL-13 and IL-4 are key contributors to the asthmatic phenotype. The temporal role of these cytokines in airway function, inflammation, and remodeling were assessed in a chronic murine model of Asperigillus fumigatus-induced allergic asthma. IL-13 and IL-4 protein levels were significantly elevated by 30 days after conidia challenge in A. fumigatus-sensitized mice. Furthermore, IL-13Ralpha1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated 7 days after conidia challenge and remained elevated until day 21. In contrast, IL-13Ralpha2 mRNA expression, although constitutively expressed in naive lung, was absent in the lungs of A. fumigatus-sensitized mice both before and after conidia challenge. Membrane-bound IL-4R mRNA expression was significantly elevated 7 days after conidia challenge; however, soluble IL-4R mRNA expression was increased 30 days after conidia challenge. Immunoneutralization of IL-13 between days 14 and 30 or days 30 and 38 after fungal sensitization and challenge significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, collagen deposition, and goblet cell hyperplasia at day 38 after conidia challenge; however, the effects of IL-4 immunoneutralization during the same time periods were not as marked. IFN-gamma and IL-12 release after Aspergillus Ag restimulation was elevated from spleen cells isolated from mice treated with IL-4 anti-serum compared with IL-13 anti-serum or normal rabbit serum-treated mice. This study demonstrates a pronounced therapeutic effect of IL-13-immunoneutralization at extended time points following the induction of chronic asthma. Most importantly, these therapeutic effects were not reversed following cessation of treatment, and IL-13 anti-serum treatment did not alter the systemic immune response to Ag restimulation, unlike IL-4 immunoneutralization. Therefore, IL-13 provides an attractive therapeutic target in allergic asthma.
Uniform access to Internet directory services (1990)

As networks and internetworks of computers expand in size and scope, discovery and location of resources becomes a primary function of the networked computing environment. Static tables describing network resources have been replaced by dynamic directory services, such as X.500 and the Internet Domain Name System. These dynamic directory services provide more timely and accurate information about network resources than static tables. A wide variety of services address various components of the resource discovery and location problem. These services can be loosely classified as either low-level protocols or high-level services. Low-level protocols, such as RARP and ICMP, are simple delivery protocols and provide limited information; high-level services, such as the Internet Domain Name System and X.500, use complex delivery protocols to answer complex queries. Neither class of directory service is appropriate in all situations. Low-level services are too restrictive in the type of queries and information they support, while high-level services may be too expensive for some low-function networks.
Positive Allosteric Modulators of Opioid Receptors (2016)

Activation of opioid receptors produces powerful analgesia; and µ-opioid receptor agonists such as morphine and oxycodone remain the “gold standard” for pain therapy, despite their abuse liability and dangerous side effect profile. Safer pain medications are urgently needed. The recent discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of µ- and δ-opioid receptors provides a new approach for exploiting the analgesic effects of opioid receptor activation. PAMs enhance endogenous opioid signaling but do not activate the receptor directly, and therefore may be expected to exert analgesic effects while improving upon the side effect profile and abuse liability associated with direct-acting opioid agonists. The discovery and characterization of the first opioid PAM molecules is described, as well as the rationale for the development of opioid PAMs as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain.
A computational pipeline for the development of multi-marker bio-signature panels and ensemble classifiers (2012)

Proteo-genomic biomarker ensemble classifiers show promise in the diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection and can improve classification performance beyond that of individual genomic or proteomic classifiers alone. Validation of our results in an international multicenter study is currently underway.
Purification and characterization of protease III from Escherichia coli. (1979)

An endoproteolytic enzyme of Escherichia coli, designated protease III, has been purified about 9,600-fold to homogeneity with a 6% yield. The purified enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of Mr 110,000 and is most active at pH 7.4. Protease III is very sensitive to metal-chelating agents and reducing agents. The EDTA-inactivated enzyme can be reactivated by Zn2+, Co2+ or Mn2+. Protease III is devoid of activity toward aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, or esterase substrates but rapidly degrades small proteins. When fragments of beta-galactosidase are used as substrates for protease III, the enzyme preferentially degrades proteins with molecular weights of less than 7,000. Protease III cleaves the oxidized insulin B chain at two sites with an initial rapid cleavage at Tyr-Leu (16-17) and a second slower cut at Phe-Tyr (25-26).
Botulinum type F neurotoxin. Large-scale purification and characterization of its binding to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes (1990)

1. A large-scale purification procedure has been developed for Clostridium botulinum type F neurotoxin. Commencing with 160 litres of bacterial culture, 101 mg of purified type F neurotoxin with a specific toxicity of 2 x 10(7) mouse LD50 (median lethal dose).mg-1 were obtained. 2. Purified type F neurotoxin was labelled to high specific radioactivity (900-1360 Ci/mmol) without loss of biological activity using a chloramine-T procedure. Of the two neurotoxin subunits, the heavy chain was preferentially radiolabelled. 3. Radiolabelled type F neurotoxin displayed specific saturable binding to rat synaptosomes. At least two pools of acceptors were evident: a low content of high-affinity acceptors sites [KD approximately 0.15 nM; Bmax (maximal binding) 20 fmol/mg] and a larger pool of lower-affinity sites (KD greater than 20 nM; Bmax greater than 700 fmol/mg). Both pools of acceptors were sensitive to trypsin and neuraminidase treatment, which suggests that protein and sialic acid residues are components of the synaptosomal acceptors. 4. Experiments investigating competition among botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, E and F for acceptors on rat brain synaptosomes showed that type F neurotoxin binds to acceptor molecules which are completely distinct from those of the other three neurotoxins.
Biomaterials in Artificial Organs (1986)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTBiomaterials in Artificial OrgansHELEN E. KAMBIC, SHUN MURABAYASHI, and YUKIHIKO NOSEView Author Information Cleveland Clinic FoundationCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1986, 64, 15, 30–48Publication Date (Print):April 14, 1986Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 14 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v064n015.p030https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n015.p030newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1986 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biomaterials Get e-Alerts
Non-Nucleoside Building Blocks for Copper-Assisted and Copper-Free Click Chemistry for the Efficient Synthesis of RNA Conjugates (2010)

Novel non-nucleoside alkyne monomers compatible with oligonucleotide synthesis were designed, synthesized, and efficiently incorporated into RNA and RNA analogues during solid-phase synthesis. These modifications allowed site-specific conjugation of ligands to the RNA oligonucleotides through copper-assisted (CuAAC) and copper-free strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions. The SPAAC click reactions of cyclooctyne-oligonucleotides with various classes of azido-functionalized ligands in solution phase and on solid phase were efficient and quantitative and occurred under mild reaction conditions. The SPAAC reaction provides a method for the synthesis of oligonucleotide-ligand conjugates uncontaminated with copper ions.