gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Design of Evanescent Mode Waveguide Bandpass Filters for a Prescribed Insertion Loss Characteristic (1971)

A design theory for evanescent dominant mode waveguide filters is presented. The cutoff guide is represented by its equivalent /spl pi/-section network, the elements of which closely approximate lumped inductances. Resonators may be formed by introducing appropriate capacitive obstacles at suitable intervals along the guide. The filter that results is a microwave analog of lumped inductance filters with series inductance coupling, the magnitude of the series "inductance" being controlled by the separation between capacitive obstacles. The theory derives the equivalent ladder network from the low-pass prototype and is accurate up to at least 20 percent band-widths. Filters may be designed to couple into other cutoff waveguide components using the same basic principles, a propagating guide, and coaxial terminations. The filters are normally constructed in standard production waveguide and are simple and cheap to manufacture. A considerable size and weight reduction, compared with orthodox waveguide filters, is possible at the cost of a small increase in insertion loss.
Urban land and public policy : social appropriation of betterment (1974)

The economics of urban land-value increments are analyzed, along with the means by which socially induced land-price increases are captured for public use. The experience with social appropriation of betterment in selected developing countries is also addressed. Betterment levies, land-value increment taxes, and public acquisition of urbanizable land are common features of programs in economies as diverse as those of Sweden and Hong Kong. Degree of success varies with the administrative capacity and the economic and political characteristics of the country. Land-use control instruments must be scrutinized to determine suitability for specific project contexts; methods must be developed to solve frictions between central and local governments; benefits should be great in relation to costs to minimize resistance; benefit measures should account for decreases in land value in areas other than the project site; execution of the project and payment of betterment levies to finance it should be closely associated in time; and projects in jurisdictions where evasion of property taxes reduces revenue from other sources should be scrutinized carefully. Financial statistics from the various countries are provided.
Pruning Filters for Efficient ConvNets (2016)

The success of CNNs in various applications is accompanied by a significant increase in the computation and parameter storage costs. Recent efforts toward reducing these overheads involve pruning and compressing the weights of various layers without hurting original accuracy. However, magnitude-based pruning of weights reduces a significant number of parameters from the fully connected layers and may not adequately reduce the computation costs in the convolutional layers due to irregular sparsity in the pruned networks. We present an acceleration method for CNNs, where we prune filters from CNNs that are identified as having a small effect on the output accuracy. By removing whole filters in the network together with their connecting feature maps, the computation costs are reduced significantly. In contrast to pruning weights, this approach does not result in sparse connectivity patterns. Hence, it does not need the support of sparse convolution libraries and can work with existing efficient BLAS libraries for dense matrix multiplications. We show that even simple filter pruning techniques can reduce inference costs for VGG-16 by up to 34% and ResNet-110 by up to 38% on CIFAR10 while regaining close to the original accuracy by retraining the networks.
Two RGD-independent αvβ3 Integrin Binding Sites on Tumstatin Regulate Distinct Anti-tumor Properties (2000)

Vascular basement membrane is an important regulator of angiogenesis and undergoes many alterations during angiogenesis and these changes are speculated to influence neovascularization. Recently, fragments of collagen molecules have been identified to possess anti-angiogenic activity. Tumstatin (alpha3(IV)NC1 domain) is one such novel molecule with distinct anti-tumor properties and possesses an N-terminal (amino acids 54-132) anti-angiogenic and a C-terminal (amino acids 185-203) anti-tumor cell activity (Maeshima, Y., et al. 2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21340-21348). Previous studies have identified the 185-203 amino acid sequence as a ligand for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin (Shahan, T. A., et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 4584-4590). In the present study, we found distinct additional RGD-independent alpha(v)beta(3) integrin binding site within 54-132 amino acids of tumstatin. This site is not essential for inhibition of tumor cell proliferation but necessary for the anti-angiogenic activity. A fragment of tumstatin containing 54-132 amino acid (tum-2) binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells, with no effect on tumor cell proliferation. A similar experiment with fragment of tumstatin containing the 185-203 amino acid (tum-4) demonstrates that it binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells. The presence of cyclic RGD peptides did not affect the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-mediated activity of tumstatin, although significant inhibition of endothelial cell binding to vitronectin was observed. The two distinct RGD-independent binding sites on tumstatin suggest unique alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-mediated mechanisms governing the two distinct anti-tumor properties of tumstatin.
Identification of Acidic Substances from Deteriorated Citral and Effects of Antioxidants on Their Formation (1983)

Journal Article Identification of Acidic Substances from Deteriorated Citral and Effects of Antioxidants on Their Formation Get access Keiko Kimura, Keiko Kimura Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women′s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroyuki Nishimura, Hiroyuki Nishimura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ihei Iwata, Ihei Iwata Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women′s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Junya Mizutani Junya Mizutani Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 47, Issue 7, 1 July 1983, Pages 1661–1663, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865838 Published: 01 July 1983 Article history Received: 24 December 1982 Published: 01 July 1983
Reduction of capsular polysaccharide and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition in Gram-negative bacteria by bismuth snbsalicylate (1991)

Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), sodium salicylate, and bismuth nitrate were compared with respect to their effects on capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production, bacterial growth inhibition, and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition on strains of Gram-negative bacteria. At 250 microM, BSS reduced CPS production in Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures by greater than 90% in contrast to a 36% reduction by salicylate. At 500 microM, salicylate reduced CPS by 52%, versus a 70% reduction by bismuth nitrate. Substantial reduction of CPS production by BSS occurred before bacterial growth inhibition was observed. However, BSS at 250 microM decreased cell viability by 21%, and at 1 mM by 50%. Bismuth nitrate was equally inhibitory to cell growth. Salicylate at 1 mM did not affect bacterial cell counts. The susceptibility of selected Gram-negative bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics was studied in the presence of BSS or salicylate. Generally, salicylate at 2.5 mM reduced the concentration of aminoglycoside required to inhibit culture growth for 24 h (IC24) by two-fold. In contrast, 700 microM BSS reduced the IC24 for amikacin four-fold for a resistant K. pneumoniae strain. At 500 microM, BSS reduced the IC24 of gentamicin seven-fold for Salmonella typhimurium. Inhibitory concentrations of amikacin or tobramycin for Enterobacter cloacae or Serratia marcescens were also reduced seven-fold with 500 microM BSS. Bismuth nitrate reduced the IC24 of tobramycin by four-fold for E. cloacae. Thus, the profound effects of BSS on CPS production and aminoglycoside potentiation were due to the additive effects of bismuth and salicylate ions, whilst its effects on growth inhibition were due to the bismuth ion.
Continuous versus intermittent therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. (2013)

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Unlike other chronic inflammatory diseases receiving continuous treatment, psoriasis has traditionally been treated intermittently secondary to concern for cumulative toxicity of conventional systemic therapies. However, the development of targeted anti-inflammatory biologic agents allowed for continuous therapy for most patients. Herein, we review the literature for intermittent versus continuous use of widely available therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: phototherapy, topical corticosteroids, conventional systemic therapies and biologic agents. These data support continuous treatment in biologic therapy, such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, and ustekinumab. Intermittent therapy with biologic agents leads to decreased efficacy and sometimes increased side effects. When conventional systemic therapy is used continuously, it is more efficacious; however the data support intermittent use of methotrexate and cyclosporine due to cumulative toxicities. Psoriasis severity may wax and wane, but it is a chronic disease requiring continuous treatment for optimal control of inflammatory activity and to minimise cutaneous involvement.
Generation of high‐affinity fully human anti‐interleukin‐8 antibodies from its cDNA by two‐hybrid screening and affinity maturation in yeast (2010)

We have developed a technology for rapidly generating novel and fully human antibodies by simply using the antigen DNA. A human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library was constructed in a yeast two-hybrid vector with high complexity. After cloning cDNA encoding the mature sequence of human interleukin-8 (hIL8) into the yeast two-hybrid system vector, we have screened the human scFv antibody library and obtained three distinct scFv clones that could specifically bind to hIL8. One clone was chosen for further improvement by a novel affinity maturation process using the error-prone PCR of the scFv sequence followed by additional rounds of yeast two-hybrid screening. The scFv antibodies of both primary and affinity-matured scFv clones were expressed in E. coli. All purified scFvs showed specific binding to hIL8 in reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and ELISA assays. All scFvs, as well as a fully human IgG antibody converted from one of the scFv clones and expressed in the mammalian cells, were able to effectively inhibit hIL8 in neutrophil chemotaxis assays. The technology described can generate fully human antibodies with high efficiency and low cost.
The human low affinity immunoglobulin G Fc receptor IIC gene is a result of an unequal crossover event. (1993)

We have isolated and characterized three genes coding for hFc gamma RIIA, IIB, and IIC. Each gene spans approximately 15-19 kilobases of DNA and consists of eight exons. Two exons encode the 5'-untranslated region and signal peptides, two exons code for homologous Ig-like extracellular domains, a single exon encodes the transmembrane spanning region, and three exons encode the cytoplasmic domains and 3'-untranslated regions. Analysis of gene structures support the concept that the hFc gamma RIIA and hFc gamma RIIB genes originated via gene duplication and divergence processes. The hFc gamma RIIC gene, however, showed a remarkable homology at its 5' end with the hFc gamma RIIB gene, whereas its 3' region was highly homologous with the hFc gamma RIIA gene, suggesting that the hFc gamma RIIC gene results from an unequal crossover event between the hFc gamma RIIA and IIB genes. This hypothesis was supported by nucleotide sequence analyses of the putative break-point region. The proposed site of recombination was located approximately 300 nucleotides downstream from the sixth (C1) exon. These data provide a unique model for the evolutionary generation of a receptor family with multiple biological functions.
Spatial Physiological Heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Is Determined by Oxygen Availability (1998)

The role of oxygen availability in determining the local physiological activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in biofilms was investigated. Biofilms grown in an ambient-air environment expressed approximately 1/15th the alkaline phosphatase specific activity of planktonic bacteria subjected to the same phosphate limitation treatment. Biofilms grown in a gaseous environment of pure oxygen exhibited 1.9 times the amount of alkaline phosphatase specific activity of air-grown biofilms, whereas biofilms grown in an environment in which the air was replaced with pure nitrogen prior to the inducing treatment did not develop alkaline phosphatase activity. Frozen cross sections of biofilms stained for alkaline phosphatase activity with a fluorogenic stain demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase activity was concentrated in distinct bands adjacent to the gaseous interfaces. These bands were approximately 30 micron thick with biofilms grown in air, 2 micron thick with biofilms grown in pure nitrogen, and 46 micron thick with biofilms grown in pure oxygen. Overall biofilm thickness ranged from approximately 117 to approximately 151 micron. Measurements with an oxygen microelectrode indicated that oxygen was depleted locally within the biofilm and that the oxygen-replete zone was of a dimension similar to that of the biologically active zone, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase induction. These experiments revealed marked spatial physiological heterogeneity within P. aeruginosa biofilms in which active protein synthesis was restricted by oxygen availability to the upper 30 micron of the biofilm. Such physiological heterogeneity has implications for microbial ecology and for understanding the reduced susceptibilities of biofilms to antimicrobial agents.
Inhibitory Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Arterial Wound Healing and Neointima Formation (1997)

By affecting cellular migration, PAI-1 plays an inhibitory role in vascular wound healing and arterial neointima formation after injury, and adenoviral PAI-1 gene transfer reduces arterial neointima formation in mice.
Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry (2002)

INTRODUCTION SOLUTE-SOLVENT INTERACTIONS Solutions Intermolecular Forces Solvation Preferential Solvation Micellar Solvation (Solubilization) Ionization and Dissociation CLASSIFICATION OF SOLVENTS Classification of Solvents According to Chemical Constitution Classification of Solvents Using Physical Constants Classification of Solvents in Terms of Acid-Base Behaviour Classification of Solvents in Terms of Specific Solute/Solvent Interactions Classification of Solvents Using Multivariate Statistical Methods SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE POSITION OF HOMOGENEOUS CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA General Remarks Solvent Effects on Acid/Base Equilibria Solvent Effects on Tautomeric Equilibria Solvent Effects on other Equilibria SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE RATES OF HOMOGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS General Remarks Gas-Phase Reactivities Qualitative Theory of Solvent Effects on Reaction Rates Quantitative Theories of Solvent Effects on Reaction Rates Specific Solvation Effects on Reaction Rates SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS General Remarks Solvent Effects on UV/Vis Spectra Solvent Effects on Infrared Spectra Solvent Effects on Electron Spin Resonance Spectra Solvent Effects on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra EMPIRICAL PARAMETERS OF SOLVENT POLARITY Linear Gibbs Energy Relationships Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity from Equilibrium Measurements Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity from Kinetic Measurements Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity from Spectroscopic Measurements Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity from Other Measurements Interrelation and Application of Solvent Polarity Parameters Multiparameter Approaches SOLVENTS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY Green Chemistry Reduction of Solvent Use Green Solvent Selection Non-Traditional Solvents Outlook APPENDIX: PROPERTIES, PURIFICATION, AND USE OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS Physical Properties Purification of Organic Solvents Spectroscopic Solvents Solvents as Reaction Media Solvents for Recrystallization Solvents for Extraction and Partitioning (Distribution) Solvents for Adsorption Chromatography Solvents for Acid/Base Titrations in Non-Aqueous Media Solvents for Electrochemistry Toxicity of Organic Solvents
Ploidy Regulation of Gene Expression (1999)

Microarray-based gene expression analysis identified genes showing ploidy-dependent expression in isogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that varied in ploidy from haploid to tetraploid. These genes were induced or repressed in proportion to the number of chromosome sets, regardless of the mating type. Ploidy-dependent repression of some G1 cyclins can explain the greater cell size associated with higher ploidies, and suggests ploidy-dependent modifications of cell cycle progression. Moreover, ploidy regulation of the FLO11 gene had direct consequences for yeast development.
On-line estimation of indicated torque in IC engines via sliding mode observers (2005)

An approach to fault diagnosis for internal combustion engines is considered. It is based on the estimation of cylinder indicated torques by means of sliding mode observers. Instead of measuring indicated pressure in cylinders directly, crankshaft angular position is measured as the input of observers, which estimate the indicated torques. Several engine models are considered with different levels of complexity.
Extracellular DNA Chelates Cations and Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2008)

Biofilms are surface-adhered bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, bacterial polysaccharides and proteins, which are up to 1000-fold more antibiotic resistant than planktonic cultures. To date, extracellular DNA has been shown to function as a structural support to maintain Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture. Here we show that DNA is a multifaceted component of P. aeruginosa biofilms. At physiologically relevant concentrations, extracellular DNA has antimicrobial activity, causing cell lysis by chelating cations that stabilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the outer membrane (OM). DNA-mediated killing occurred within minutes, as a result of perturbation of both the outer and inner membrane (IM) and the release of cytoplasmic contents, including genomic DNA. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of DNA created a cation-limited environment that resulted in induction of the PhoPQ- and PmrAB-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance operon PA3552-PA3559 in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, DNA-induced expression of this operon resulted in up to 2560-fold increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and 640-fold increased resistance to aminoglycosides, but had no effect on beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix contributes to cation gradients, genomic DNA release and inducible antibiotic resistance. DNA-rich environments, including biofilms and other infection sites like the CF lung, are likely the in vivo environments where extracellular pathogens such as P. aeruginosa encounter cation limitation.
Bispecific and Trispecific Killer Cell Engagers Directly Activate Human NK Cells through CD16 Signaling and Induce Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production (2012)

This study evaluates the mechanism by which bispecific and trispecific killer cell engagers (BiKEs and TriKEs) act to trigger human natural killer (NK) cell effector function and investigates their ability to induce NK cell cytokine and chemokine production against human B-cell leukemia. We examined the ability of BiKEs and TriKEs to trigger NK cell activation through direct CD16 signaling, measuring intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization, secretion of lytic granules, induction of target cell apoptosis, and production of cytokine and chemokines in response to the Raji cell line and primary leukemia targets. Resting NK cells triggered by the recombinant reagents led to intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization through direct CD16 signaling. Coculture of reagent-treated resting NK cells with Raji targets resulted in significant increases in NK cell degranulation and target cell death. BiKEs and TriKEs effectively mediated NK cytotoxicity of Raji targets at high and low effector-to-target ratios and maintained functional stability after 24 and 48 hours of culture in human serum. NK cell production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) was differentially induced in the presence of recombinant reagents and Raji targets. Moreover, significant increases in NK cell degranulation and enhancement of IFN-γ production against primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia targets were induced with reagent treatment of resting NK cells. In conclusion, BiKEs and TriKEs directly trigger NK cell activation through CD16, significantly increasing NK cell cytolytic activity and cytokine production against tumor targets, showing their therapeutic potential for enhancing NK cell immunotherapies for leukemias and lymphomas.
The Avian XPR1 Gammaretrovirus Receptor Is under Positive Selection and Is Disabled in Bird Species in Contact with Virus-Infected Wild Mice (2013)

Xenotropic mouse leukemia viruses (X-MLVs) are broadly infectious for mammals except most of the classical strains of laboratory mice. These gammaretroviruses rely on the XPR1 receptor for entry, and the unique resistance of laboratory mice is due to two mutations in different putative XPR1 extracellular loops. Cells from avian species differ in susceptibility to X-MLVs, and 2 replacement mutations in the virus-resistant chicken XPR1 (K496Q and Q579E) distinguish it from the more permissive duck and quail receptors. These substitutions align with the two mutations that disable the laboratory mouse XPR1. Mutagenesis of the chicken and duck genes confirms that residues at both sites are critical for virus entry. Among 32 avian species, the 2 disabling XPR1 mutations are found together only in the chicken, an omnivorous, ground-dwelling fowl that was domesticated in India and/or Southeast Asia, which is also where X-MLV-infected house mice evolved. The receptor-disabling mutations are also present separately in 5 additional fowl and raptor species, all of which are native to areas of Asia populated by the virus-infected subspecies Mus musculus castaneus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the avian XPR1 gene is under positive selection at sites implicated in receptor function, suggesting a defensive role for XPR1 in the avian lineage. Contact between bird species and virus-infected mice may thus have favored selection of mouse virus-resistant receptor orthologs in the birds, and our data suggest that similar receptor-disabling mutations were fixed in mammalian and avian species exposed to similar virus challenges.