gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Anemia and neutropenia in elderly patients caused by copper deficiency for long-term enteral nutrition]. (1994)

Anemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency is a well-known consequence of long term total parenteral nutrition in the literature. We present 6 bed-ridden elderly patients who developed anemia and neutropenia after receiving enteral nutrition for a long time (mean: 3.3 years) In all 6 patients, serum copper and ceruloplasmin level were very low, and the mean of their hematological data were as follows: WBC 2,200/microliters, neutrophil 554/microliters, hemoglobin 8.1 g/dl, platelet 260 x 10(3)/microliters, respectively. The bone marrow examination showed cytoplasmic vacuolization of both myeloid and erythroid precursors, and maturation arrest of granulopoiesis. Then, copper sulfate was administrated by enteral tube to 6 patients, and the improvement of anemia and neutropenia was observed within a month. A 82-year-old woman who received enteral nutrition for 3.5 years with sever anemia (Hb 3.7 g/dl) and neutropenia (neutrophil 350/microliters), showed a marked improvement in hematological data (Hb 8.0 g/dl, neutrophil 4, 092/microliters, respectively) after two months by administering the copper supplementation. The exact cause of the anemia and neutropenia in copper deficiency is unclear, but it is suggested that the decreased activity of enzyme containing copper may be related. Hematological abnormalities due to copper deficiency should be cared during long term enteral nutrition with long termed bed-ridden elderly patients.
Telomere length and telomerase activity predict survival in patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1998)

The telomere-telomerase hypothesis states that the vast majority of human tumors have a prolonged replicative life span throughout expressing telomerase, which compensates the cell division-associated loss of telomere DNA. The use of telomere length and telomerase expression as new biological markers in cancer patients requires their correlation with disease prognosis. We, therefore, correlated the mean telomere length based on a telomere restriction fragment assay and the activity of telomerase measured with a telomeric repeat amplification protocol with clinical data and overall survival in 58 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Telomere length showed a highly inverse correlation to telomerase activity. Patients with telomeres below 6.0 kb were associated with high telomerase activity, whereas patients with a telomere length >6.0 kb generally showed low enzyme activity (P <0.001). Patients in Binet A exhibited significantly longer telomeres and had less telomerase activity than did patients in Binet B or Binet C, where significantly shorter telomeres and higher telomerase activity were observed (P=0.031). Short telomere length and high telomerase activity were significantly associated with a shorter median survival (P=0.02 and P <0.001), and telomerase activity was the most significant prognostic factor for overall survival in B-CLL (P <0.001). Our data provide evidence that telomere length, as well telomerase activity, exerts a strong impact on the survival of B-CLL patients and that telomerase activity can be used as a new prognostic marker in this disease.
Characteristics of the equilateral triangular patch antenna (1988)

The results of a comprehensive analysis of this antenna based on the cavity model with a coaxial feed source are given. The theoretical formulas are given, and the characteristics obtained from them are presented, including radiation patterns, percentages of power radiated, total Q-factors, input impedances, and their variations with feed position. A number of disagreements with previously published results are noted. The theoretical and experimental results are compared. The results of the comparison indicate that the equilateral triangular patch can be designed to function as a triple frequency antenna. A method for correcting for the nonperfect magnetic wall is suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Partially Depleted SONOS FinFET for Unified RAM (URAM)—Unified Function for High-Speed 1T DRAM and Nonvolatile Memory (2008)

Unified random access memory (URAM) is demonstrated for the first time. The novel partially depleted (PD) SONOS FinFET provides unified function of a high-speed capacitorless 1T DRAM and a nonvolatile memory (NVM). The combination of an oxide/nitride/oxide (O/N/O) layer and a floating-body facilitates URAM operation in PD SONOS FinFETs. An NVM function is achieved by FN tunneling into the O/N/O stack and, a 1T-DRAM function is achieved by excessive-hole accumulation in the PD body. The fabricated PD SONOS FinFET shows retention time exceeding 10 years for NVM operation and program/erase time below 6 ns for 1T-DRAM in a single-cell transistor. These two memory functions are guaranteed without disturbance between them.
Improved postprandial glycemic control during treatment with Humalog Mix25, a novel protamine-based insulin lispro formulation. Humalog Mix25 Study Group. (1999)

In comparison to treatment with human insulin 30/70, twice daily administration of Humalog Mix25 resulted in improved postprandial glycemic control, similar overall glycemic control, and the convenience of dosing immediately before meals.
Adducts of the Lewis acid [B(C6F5)3] with transition metal oxo compounds (1999)

The oxo anions [WO4]2– and [ReO4]– react with the Lewis acid molecule [B(C6F5)3] to give the tris-adduct [WO{OB(C6F5)3}3]2– or the mono adduct [ReO3{OB(C6F5)3}]– respectively. The crystal structure of the salt [nPr4N]2[WO{OB(C6F5)3}3] has been determined. The η-cyclopentadienyl-oxo compounds [Re(η-C5R5)O3] (where R = H or Me) react with [B(C6F5)3] giving the mono adducts [(η-C5R5)ReO2{OB(C6F5)3}] and the crystal structure of the compound where R = H has been determined. The triazacyclononane compounds [LMO3] (where L = N,N′,N″-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane and M = Mo or W) with [B(C6F5)3] give the mono adducts [LMO2{OB(C6F5)3}] and the crystal structure of the tungsten compound is reported. The compound [Re{HB(pz)3}O3] [where {HB(pz)3} = hydridotris(1-pyrazolyl) borate] and [B(C6F5)3] gives the mono adduct [HB(pz)3ReO2{OB(C6F5)3}].
Bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with grains and roots of maize (2011)

The study was carried out to determine the microbes of maize grains sourced from five markets in Akungba and Ikare-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. Bacterial and fungal microbes from roots of two maize cultivars DMR-LSR-Y and TZMSR-W were also investigated using the pour plate method. Results showed that grains from Oja Oba had the highest bacterial population of 4.8 × 105 cfu/g, while, the highest fungal load of 4.1 × 103 cfu/g was obtained from Osele market in Ikare. The two maize cultivars showed generally a low fungal count compared to their bacterial counterparts with 1.1 × 105 cfu/g root for a cultivar DMR-LSR-Y and 0.2 × 105 cfu/g root for TZMSR-W. The dry white maize grains showed generally low bacterial and fungal colonizations of 0.2 × 105 and 0.3 × 103 cfu/g respectively when compared to dry and fresh yellow types. Eleven bacteria genera and eight fungal species were isolated and identified from the roots and grains of maize. These includeCellulomonas, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Pediococcus, Microbacterium, Azospirillum, Kurtia, and Enterobacter, Acremonium zeae, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum graminicola, Fusarium verticillioides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichoderma koningii. The study was important in bioprospecting for biological activities and plant growth enhancers.

	 

	Key words: Bacterial population, fungal population, endophytes, grains, roots, maize.
Omalizumab: a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. (2005)

Omalizumab has demonstrated efficacy in children, adults, and adolescents with uncontrolled moderate to severe allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Long-term safety beyond 52 weeks needs continued evaluation.
Conserved indels in essential proteins that are distinctive characteristics of Chlamydiales and provide novel means for their identification (2005)

All known chlamydiae are either proven human or animal pathogens or possess such potential. Due to increasing reports of chlamydiae diversity in the environment, it is important to develop reliable means for identifying and characterizing Chlamydiales species. The identification of environmental chlamydiae at present relies on their branching pattern in 16S rRNA trees, as well as 16S/23S consensus motifs which display variability. At present, no reliable molecular signatures are known which are unique to all Chlamydiales species. Besides the rRNAs, sequence information for different Chlamydiales is not available for any other gene sequence. In this report, a number of molecular signatures are described that consist of conserved inserts and deletions (indels), in widely distributed proteins [RNA polymerase alpha subunit (RpoA), elongation factor (EF)-Tu, EF-P, DNA gyrase B subunit (GyrB) and lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS)], that are distinctive characteristics of all available chlamydiae homologues (from Chlamydiaeceae species and Parachlamydiae sp. UWE25) and not found in any other bacteria. Using PCR primers for highly conserved regions in these proteins, the corresponding fragments of these genes from Simkania negevensis, Waddlia chondrophila, and in a number of cases for Neochlamydia hartmanellae, covering all families within the phylum Chlamydiae, have been cloned and sequenced. The shared presence of the identified signatures in these species provides strong evidence that these molecular signatures are distinctive characteristics of the entire order Chlamydiales and can be used to reliably determine the presence of chlamydiae or chlamydia-related organisms in environmental samples. The sequence information for these protein fragments was also used to determine the interrelationships among chlamydiae species. In a phylogenetic tree based on a combined dataset of sequences from RpoA, EF-Tu, EF-P and GyrB, the environmental chlamydiae (i.e. Simkania, Waddlia and Parachlamydia) and the traditional Chlamydiaceae (i.e. Chlamydophila and Chlamydia) formed two distinct clades. Similar relationships were also observed in individual protein phylogenies, as well as in a 16S rRNA tree for the same species. These results provide evidence that the divergence between the traditional Chlamydiaceae species and the other chlamydiae families occurred very early in the evolution of this group of bacteria.
Induction of apoptosis by the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. (1996)

The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1, is a nuclear phosphoprotein which functions as a tumor suppressor. To investigate the role of BRCA1 in apoptosis, we have developed mouse fibroblast cell lines and human breast cancer cell lines expressing BRCA1. The expression of BRCA1 protein in the BRCA1 transfectants were analysed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The BRCA1 transfectants showed a flattened morphology compared to the parental cells. We show that serum deprivation or calcium ionophore treatment of BRCA1 transfectants resulted in programmed cell death. These results indicate that BRCA1 genes may play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis. Thus, since a wide variety of human malignancies like breast and ovarian cancers have a decreased ability to undergo apoptosis, this could be due to lack/decreased levels of functional BRCA1 proteins. Treatments that are aimed at increasing the apoptotic threshold by BRCA1 gene therapy may have the potential to prevent the progression of these malignancies.
Factors determining the composition of strained GeSi layers grown with disilane and germane (1994)

Growth rates and compositions are reported for GeSi alloy films and superlattices epitaxially grown on both Ge(100) and Si(100) substrates using disilane and germane source gases in an ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition chamber. Although the growth rate changes rapidly with temperature the composition is nearly independent of it. Specifically, we find that the order of the adsorption reaction for disilane and germane is the same, resulting in the composition being determined by the partial pressures and by the ratio of the adsorption reaction rate constants. This ratio depends very weakly on temperature, if at all, and appears to vary slightly with the layer composition.
Multiple Description Image Coding For Scalable and Robust Transmission over IP (2006)

In this paper, we address the problem of image transmission over unreliable networks, such as the Internet, where packet losses occur. The most recent literature indicates multiple description(MD) as a promising coding approach to handle this issue. This paper proposes a new architecture for multiple description image coding. The proposed architecture is based on a combination of motion compensated temporal filtering technique(MCTF) applied to the construction of some of the most efficient scalable video coding. The simple and efficient implementation of spatial layer multiple description image coding(SL-MDIC) make it suitable for image coding: it can be naturally incorporated into existing coder to form new multiple description coder.
Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D gene therapy restores α‐sarcoglycan and associated proteins (2009)

The finding of this gene replacement study in LGMD2D has important implications for muscular dystrophy. Sustained gene expression was seen, but studies over longer time periods without immunotherapy will be required for design of vascular delivery gene therapy trials.
Effects of temperature on neuromuscular electrophysiology (2001)

Like nearly all biologic structures, the peripheral nervous system is remarkably temperature sensitive. Clinical neurophysiologists are most aware of the untoward effects of cooling on nerve conduction studies, including reduced conduction velocity, prolonged distal latency, and increased response amplitude and duration. However, familiarity with the effects of temperature variation on the peripheral nervous system can also provide a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the function of nerve, muscle, and neuromuscular junction in health and disease. Intentional temperature alteration can also improve the diagnostic accuracy of certain electrophysiologic tests, such as the use of heat when performing repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis or the use of cold during needle electromyography in some of the myotonic disorders. Finally, extremes of temperature have long been known to produce permanent neuronal dysfunction; recent investigations are beginning to elucidate the mechanisms of such injury.
Chemo-thermal approach for efficient ultrasonic tumor treatment with phase change nano droplet (2011)

Phase-change nano-droplet (PCND) was found to promote chemically significant cavitation. PCNDs, which were droplets containing superheated perfluorocarbon and suspended in buffer solution with potassium iodide, were exposed to 1.1-MHz ultrasound with a sequence of periodically applied triggering pulses to generate microbubbles and following continuous-wave (CW) exposures. The chemical activity of ultrasound exposures, measured as the reaction yield of tri-iodide ions was strongly dependent on the interval of the pulses. We found that pulse intervals shorter than 0.03 s were needed to generate chemically significant cavitation. Further, we found that pre-exposure of ultrasound for chemical effects could be performed by using gel phantoms with thermal coagulation indicators, without sacrificing the effect of PCNDs to enhance temperature increase induced by exposure to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The results we obtained suggested the potential of `chemo-thermal' therapy for tumors, which sequentially utilizes the chemical and thermal effect of PCNDs.
One-Step Analysis of Ten Functional Haplotype Combinations of the Basic RET Promoter with a LightCycler Assay (2004)

The RET protooncogene is expressed in human tissues of neural crest origin and has been recognized as a susceptibility gene for several autosomal inherited diseases, such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) (1). In addition to RET germline mutations, associations of several polymorphisms of the RET protooncogene with HSCR have been reported previously, and in particular, the c.135A RET variant has been shown to be strongly associated with the HSCR phenotype (2)(3). In addition to the mutation-independent effect of the c.135A allele in the etiology of HSCR, we have been reporting a HSCR-phenotype-modifying effect of the RET c.135G>A alleles (rs1800858) that result from a within-gene interaction in patients harboring RET germline mutations (4).

We have demonstrated (5) that variants of two RET promoter polymorphisms, −5G>A (rs10900296) and −1C>A (rs10900297), from the transcription start site are associated with HSCR and that the −5G>A polymorphism is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the c.135G>A polymorphism. Because the promoter haplotype −5/−1AC associated with HSCR has a significantly lower activity in an in vitro dual-luciferase expression assay than do those haplotypes identified in the majority of healthy controls, we thus provided evidence that the c.135G>A polymorphism is a marker for a functional variant in the RET promoter (5). Our findings support the concept that the involvement of both RET gene copies occurs in a dose-dependent fashion …
Mutant Sunflowers with High Concentration of Saturated Fatty Acids in the Oil (1995)

Development of cultivars of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) with increased levels of saturated fatty acids could increase the utility of the oil for specific edible purposes. The primary objective of this research was to induce variability for these traits by using mutagenesis. Four sunflower mutants with altered seed fatty acid compositions have been isolated by screening single M 2 and M 3 seeds from plants obtained from mutagenized seeds utilizing ethyl methanesulfonate, sodium azide, and x‐rays. The mutant lines included CAS‐5, which has an oil with a fivefold increase (252 g kg −1 ) in palmitic acid (16:0) and the appearance of palmitoleic acid (16:1; 37 g kg −1 ); and CAS‐3, CAS‐4, and CAS‐8, which have from two to six times (99–260 g kg −1 ) the stearic acid (18:0) content normally observed in the oil of cultivated sunflower. The dramatic increase in levels of either 16:0 or 18:0 were at the expense of oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids. The relative proportion of 18:1 to 18:2 varied with the mutants. All showed variation in fatty acid composition among the seeds of the original plant, which indicated that the fatty acid changes were controlled by the genotype of the embryo. The bimodal distribution in fatty acid composition of CAS‐3 and CAS‐5 seeds suggested that major recessive genes are involved in the control of these characters.
High postnatal lethality and testis degeneration in retinoic acid receptor alpha mutant mice. (1993)

Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in normal development, growth, and maintenance of certain tissues. The action of RA is thought to be mediated in part by the three nuclear receptors (RAR alpha, -beta, and -gamma), each of which is expressed as multiple isoforms. To investigate the function of the RAR alpha gene, we have disrupted, in the mouse, the whole gene or the isoform RAR alpha 1. Although RAR alpha 1 is the predominant isoform and is highly conserved among vertebrates, RAR alpha 1-null mice appeared normal. However, targeted disruption of the whole RAR alpha gene resulted in early postnatal lethality and testis degeneration. These results, showing that RAR alpha is indeed involved in the transduction of the RA signal, also suggest an unexpected genetic redundancy.
Selection of Novel Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein Variants from a Peptide Insertion Library for Enhanced Purification of Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors (2006)

The introduction of new features or functions that are not present in an original protein is a significant challenge in protein engineering. For example, modifications to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), which is commonly used to pseudotype retroviral and lentiviral vectors for gene delivery, have been hindered by a lack of structural knowledge of the protein. We have developed a transposon-based approach that randomly incorporates designed polypeptides throughout a protein to generate saturated insertion libraries and a subsequent high-throughput selection process in mammalian cells that enables the identification of optimal insertion sites for a novel designed functionality. This method was applied to VSV-G in order to construct a comprehensive library of mutants whose combined members have a His6 tag inserted at likely every site in the original protein sequence. Selecting the library via iterative retroviral infections of mammalian cells led to the identification of several VSV-G-His6 variants that were able to package high-titer viral vectors and could be purified by Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Column purification of vectors reduced protein and DNA impurities more than 5,000-fold and 14,000-fold, respectively, from the viral supernatant. This substantially improved purity elicited a weaker immune response in the brain, without altering the infectivity or tropism from wild-type VSV-G-pseudotyped vectors. This work applies a powerful new tool for protein engineering to construct novel viral envelope variants that can greatly improve the safety and use of retroviral and lentiviral vectors for clinical gene therapy. Furthermore, this approach of library generation and selection can readily be extended to other challenges in protein engineering.
Connections with Connexins: the Molecular Basis of Direct Intercellular Signaling (1996)

Adjacent cells share ions, second messengers and small metabolites through intercellular channels which are present in gap junctions. This type of intercellular communication permits coordinated cellular activity, a critical feature for organ homeostasis during development and adult life of multicellular organisms. Intercellular channels are structurally more complex than other ion channels, because a complete cell-to-cell channel spans two plasma membranes and results from the association of two half channels, or connexons, contributed separately by each of the two participating cells. Each connexon, in turn, is a multimeric assembly of protein subunits. The structural proteins comprising these channels, collectively called connexins, are members of a highly related multigene family consisting of at least 13 members. Since the cloning of the first connexin in 1986, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the complex molecular switches that control the formation and permeability of intercellular channels. Analysis of the mechanisms of channel assembly has revealed the selectivity of inter-connexin interactions and uncovered novel characteristics of the channel permeability and gating behavior. Structure/function studies have begun to provide a molecular understanding of the significance of connexin diversity and demonstrated the unique regulation of connexins by tyrosine kinases and oncogenes. Finally, mutations in two connexin genes have been linked to human diseases. The development of more specific approaches (dominant negative mutants, knockouts, transgenes) to study the functional role of connexins in organ homeostasis is providing a new perception about the significance of connexin diversity and the regulation of intercellular communication.