gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of high dose ergocalciferol in chronic kidney disease patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. (2010)

To evaluate 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) deficiency in a cohort ofpredialysis CKD patients and the treatment effect and safety of high dose ergocalciferol supplement in predialysis CKD.Fifty-six predialysis CKD patients who came for a regular visit at a single hospital with calculated glomerular filtration rate < or =60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were screened for 25-OH-D levels. Forty-four patients with 25-OH-D deficiency were recruited into this prospective observational study that examined the effect of high dose oral ergocalciferol supplementation. After eight weeks, 37 patients completed the follow-up and biochemical parameters were reevaluated and analyzed.The mean 25-OH-D level of 56 patients was 25.6 +/- 8 ng/mL. Forty-four (78.5%) patients had 25-OH-D levels less than 30 ng/mL and four (7.1%) had severe deficiency with the level less than 15 ng/mL. High dose ergocalciferol supplement successively increased 25-OH-D levels in 35 (95%) patients. 25-OH-D levels increased significantly from 22 +/- 4.8 to 34.5 +/- 10.8 ng/mL after eight weeks (p < 0.001). During the study period, there were no changes in serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH. There was no other side effect associated with the treatment.25-OH-D deficiency were found in this cohort of predialysis CKD patients. Ergocalciferol was a safe and effective supplement for the 25-OH-D in predialysis CKD.
The Effect of Walkthrough Observations on Teacher Perspectives in Christian Schools (2011)

This study investigated the effects on teacher perceptions of frequent, brief classroom observations in Christian schools. Teachers (N=111) responded to 13 belief and value statements prior to and after the term during which administrators conducted weekly, brief, unannounced observations in their classes. Teachers reported significant positive change regarding (a) analyzing reasons for selecting methods to assess learning, (b) being encouraged after class observations, and (c) being encouraged after receiving feedback related to the observations.
Two Market Models for Demand Response in Power Networks (2010)

In this paper, we consider two abstract market models for designing demand response to match power supply and shape power demand, respectively. We characterize the resulting equilibria in competitive as well as oligopolistic markets, and propose distributed demand response algorithms to achieve the equilibria. The models serve as a starting point to include the appliance-level details and constraints for designing practical demand response schemes for smart power grids.
E2F binding is required but not sufficient for repression of B-myb transcription in quiescent fibroblasts. (1996)

We have previously shown in mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts that transcription of the B-myb gene, which encodes a transcription factor required for S phase entry, is repressed through a promoter E2F site in G0/early G1. Transcription repression at this stage of the cell cycle was correlated with binding of a specific p107/E2F complex to this site. We report here, however, that transfection of cells with the known components of this complex, p107, E2F-4 and DP-1, did not repress the B-myb promoter in cycling NIH3T3 cells, although p107 inhibited transcription transactivation by E2F-4/DP-1. To establish definitively the contribution of E2F to repression, the effects of further mutations within and surrounding the E2F site were examined. It was evident that E2F binding and repression were closely correlated, lending greater weight to the contention that E2F itself is implicated in this activity. These studies also identified a closely linked site, designated the downstream repression site (DRS), which was not required for E2F binding or transactivation but which was necessary for repression. These findings indicated that E2F-dependent repression and activation are independently regulated phenomena and suggest that repression involves additional interactions determined by the promoter context.
The binary switch between life and death of endoplasmic reticulum-stressed β cells (2010)

Depending on the nature of the stress condition, the UPR either protects beta cells or promotes their death. The mechanisms of this switch are not well understood but involve the balance between adaptive and apoptotic factors regulated by the UPR. In the present article, we review examples of this UPR balancing act between life and death and the potential mechanisms involved.
N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide induces apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Retinoic acid receptors regulate apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 and Gadd153 (2006)

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR, fenretinide), a retinoic acid (RA) derivative and a potential cancer preventive agent, is known to exert its chemotherapeutic effects in cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Earlier work from our laboratory has shown that relatively low concentrations of 4HPR induce neuronal differentiation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells (Chen et al., 2003, J Neurochem 84:972-981). However, at higher concentrations of 4HPR, these cells showed morphological changes including cell shrinkage and cell death. Here we demonstrate that ARPE-19 cells treated with 4HPR exhibit a dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis as evidenced by morphological changes, mono- and oligonucleosome generation, and increased activity of caspases 2 and 3. The 4HPR-induced apoptosis as well as the activation of caspases 2 and 3 were blocked by both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) pan-antagonists, AGN193109 and AGN194310, and by an RARalpha-specific antagonist AGN194301. 4HPR treatment also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ARPE-19 cells in a time-dependent manner as determined from the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin. In addition, the increase in the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, and the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible transcription factor 153 (Gadd153) in response to the ROS generation were also blocked by these receptor antagonists. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a free-radical scavenger, inhibited 4HPR-induced ROS generation, the expression of its downstream mediator, Gadd153, and apoptosis in the pretreated cells. Therefore, our results, clearly demonstrate that 4HPR induces apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells and that RARs mediate this process by regulating ROS generation as well as the expression of Gadd153 and HO-1.
Fast Decoding and Hardware Design for Binary-Input Compressive Sensing (2012)

Binary-input compressive sensing (BiCS) has recently been applied to wireless communications as a modulated coding scheme for seamless rate adaptation. Different from conventional channel codes which generate binary symbols with logical-OR (XOR) operations, BiCS generates multilevel symbols through weighted sum operation. Although BiCS can be decoded by message passing, it needs to compute the convolution of probability functions in each iteration. The high decoding complexity has prevented the technique from being applied to practical use. In this paper, we propose a fast BiCS decoding algorithm and its corresponding partial-parallel hardware design. In this algorithm, we first build lookup tables to solve the computationally intensive problem of convolution. Through these tables, we successfully convert the convolution of probabilities into the polynomial of some exponential terms. This key step allows us to use log-likelihood ratio as message in message passing decoding and a fast algorithm is developed by approximate computing. We further design a partial-parallel hardware decoder. To avoid memory collision, we propose a multilevel cyclic-shift approach to generate the CS measurement matrix. We design horizontal unit processors with the proposed tables for iterative computing. Our analyses show that the proposed fast algorithm can reduce multiplications by nearly 90%. The decoding speed of our field-programmable gate array design reaches the range of communication rate in modern wireless networks.
Pentaerythriderivate, V. Synthese der Dimethylolessigsäure (1986)

Derivatives of Pentaerythritol, V. – Synthesis of Dimethylolacetic Acid Starting from pentaerythritol ( 4 ), 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid ( 3 ) was prepared in pure state via the intermediates 5,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dioxane ( 5 ), 1,3‐dioxane‐5,5‐dicarboxylic acid ( 6 ), and 1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylic acid ( 7 ).
Togaviruses: Rubella Virus (1996)

Rubella (German measles) is a common mild disease characterized by a rash. It affects children and adolescents worldwide and can also affect young adults. When rubella virus infects susceptible women early in pregnancy, it may be transmitted to the fetus and may cause birth defects. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is critical in pregnancy. The rubella virus is a member of the genus Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae.
Accelerometer-Based Breathing Signal Acquisition with Empirical Mode Decomposition (2014)

This paper presents an effective method based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to extract driver's breathing signal from an accelerometer installed on the safety belt. The method has been verified to have consistent results with commercial belt under various driving conditions, where the acceleration from car driving or road bumps has much higher signal power than the desired breathing signal from chest movement (i.e. negative signal to noise ratio).
In vitro synthesis of heparosan using recombinant Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase PmHS2 (2009)

In vertebrates and bacteria, heparosan the precursor of heparin is synthesized by glycosyltransferases via the stepwise addition of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-glucuronic acid. As heparin-like molecules represent a great interest in the pharmaceutical area, the cryptic Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase PmHS2 found to catalyze heparosan synthesis using substrate analogs has been studied. In this paper, we report an efficient way to purify PmHS2 and to maintain its activity stable during 6 months storage at −80 °C using His-tag purification and a desalting step. In the presence of 1 mM of each nucleotide sugar, purified PmHS2 synthesized polymers up to an average molecular weight of 130 kDa. With 5 mM of UDP-GlcUA and 5 mM of UDP-GlcNAc, an optimal specific activity, from 3 to 6 h of incubation, was found to be about 0.145 nmol/μg/min, and polymers up to an average of 102 kDa were synthesized in 24 h. In this study, we show that the chain length distribution of heparosan polymers can be controlled by change of the initial nucleotide sugar concentration. It was observed that low substrate concentration favors the formation of high molecular weight heparosan polymer with a low polydispersity while high substrate concentration did the opposite. Similarities in the polymerization mechanism between PmHS2, PmHS1, and PmHAS are discussed.
Internal Olefins to Linear Amines (2002)

The selective synthesis of linear amines from internal olefins or olefin mixtures was achieved through a catalytic one-pot reaction consisting of an initial olefin isomerization followed by hydroformylation and reductive amination. Key to the success is the use of specially designed phosphine ligands in the presence of rhodium catalysts. This reaction constitutes an economically attractive and environmentally favorable synthesis of linear aliphatic amines.
Insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (2010)

e21098 Background: SCLC is a highly aggressive form of malignancy in which limited therapeutic options exist and median survival remains dismal. Insulin Growth Factor (IGF) pathway is involved in endocrine, paracrine and autocrine control and it mediates its effect through IGF-1R. Elevated IGF-1 has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer, and it functions as a growth factor in SCLC. We studied the expression of IGF-1R in patients diagnosed with small cell cancer to determine expression pattern. Methods: This is a descriptive pilot study. Cases of small cell carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2007 were identified from the tumor registry. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were performed on paraffin embedded tissue using an anti-IGF-1R (G11) rabbit monoclonal primary antibody (Ventana, AZ). Staining characteristics were documented using semi-quantitative criteria, and all slides were reviewed by a single pathologist. Results: Twenty four patients with adequate tissue were identified. The median age was 66 years, 12 were male, 12 were female, 21 patients had SCLC; 11 had extensive stage(E) and 10 had limited stage(L); 2 patients had small cell of the bladder (stage II) and one had small cell metastatic to cervical lymph node without primary site determined. The IGF-1R expression ranged from 0 to 4+ (5 had 0+, 9 had 1-2+ and 10 had 3-4+), median of 2. The percentage of cells positive for IGF-1R ranged from 0 to 90 % ( 5 had 0%, 19 had > 10% and 17 had ≥ 50%), median 70%. Of the 17 patients with 50% or more cells positive for IGF-1R; 8 had extensive stage and 7 had limited stage SCLC; 1 had bladder as the primary site and 1 had extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Conclusions: We conclude that IGF-1R is commonly expressed in both limited and extensive stage SCLC and is a potential therapeutic target in this disease. Clinical trials using an IGF-1R directed agent should be pursued. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Building Scalable and High Efficient Java Multimedia Collaboration (2006)

Java Media Framework (JMF) is platform-independent multimedia programming framework which enables easy and fast development of collaborative applications. This paper describes our work on building a high efficient multimedia collaboration system using JMF. We introduce a new rendering approach to optimize the performance of JMF and add screen capturing capability as well as new codecs. Based on this enhanced framework, a high efficient and platform-independent conferencing client named Global-MMCS AVPortlet is developed. The performance evaluation shows that it outperforms other well-known video collaboration tools.
Bilirubin and Amyloid-β Peptide Induce Cytochrome c Release Through Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization (2000)

UCB and Abeta peptide activate the apoptotic machinery in neural cells. Toxicity occurs through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway, which in part involves opening of the permeability transition pore. Furthermore, membrane permeabilization is required for cytochrome c release from mitochondria and can be prevented by UDC or TUDC. These data suggest that the mitochondria is a pharmacological target for cytoprotection during unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and neurodegenerative disorders, and that UDC or TUDC may be potential therapeutic agents.
Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in The Netherlands (1987)

Twelve Dutch isolates and the M41 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus of chickens, were characterized by cross-neutralization and T1 finger-printing to elucidate their evolutionary relationship. The T1 fingerprinting showed that the Dutch isolates formed two clusters. The first cluster contained strains H52, H120, D387, V1259, V1385 and V1397; the estimated sequence homology is 99%. Cluster two comprised strains D207, D274, D212, D1466, D3128 and D3896, which have about 95% sequence homology. The M41 virus did not belong to either cluster. The four different serotypes which arose in the late 1970s belonged to cluster two and appeared to be different from the vaccine strains (H52 and H120) used at that time. This indicates that the strains were newly introduced and could have arisen from a common virus. On the other hand, three recently isolated field strains were genetically closely related to the vaccine strains H120 and H52 (cluster one), suggesting that these live vaccine strains themselves could have given rise to these serologically altered field isolates. The data are relevant to the development of new vaccine strategies.
Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Hungarian Society for Microbiology, October 19–21, 2016, Keszthely, Hungary (2017)

Complete genomes of HPV6s from respiratory papillomatoses and from a genital condyloma (single episode) were determined and compared to published genomes.
Optomechanical design of STRV-2 lasercom transceiver using novel azimuth/slant gimbal (1996)

For extremely high data rate communications between satellites, aircraft, and ground sites in situations where atmospheric interference is minimal, laser communications offers significant advantages over current radio frequency technologies in the areas of achievable data rate, size, weight, and power. Over the last two years, the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), contracting through the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command, has been funding the development of a laser communications terminal to be flown on the second Space Technology Research Vehicle (STRV-2) which is projected to launch in 1998. It is hoped that a successful satellite demonstration will validate the capability and readiness of lasercom for inter-satellite crosslinks and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite downlinks to the ground. The design of the terminal is based on direct modulation of semiconductor lasers, direct detection using avalanche photodiodes, separate acquisition/tracking and communications wavelengths, atomic line filter (ALF) technology for background light rejection, separate transmit and receiver apertures, and a hemispherical field-of-regard gimbal based upon a novel design. This paper discuses details of the optomechanical design of the terminal as presented at the program's critical design review.
APO‐1 mediated apoptosis or proliferation in human chronic B lymphocytic leukemia: Correlation with bcl‐2 oncogene expression (1993)

We studied induction of apoptosis in several human malignant B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemias (BCLL) by triggering the APO-1 antigen. The APO-1 antigen was found to be expressed on the surface of malignant B cells. In BCLL cells from most patients, APO-1 antigen expression increased following in vitro activation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). In certain cases of BCLL co-stimulation with SAC plus IL-2 resulted in a synergistic up-regulation of the APO-1 antigen on the cell surface and prepared BCLL cells for monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, bcl-2 mRNA expression decreased upon stimulation with SAC plus IL-2, whereas SAC or IL-2 alone did not affect the level of bcl-2 expression. Thus, in these BCLL cells induction of anti-APO-1-mediated apoptosis appeared to be correlated with bcl-2 mRNA down-regulation. One informative BCLL, however, with a similar pattern of APO-1-antigen expression, did not show SAC plus IL-2-dependent bcl-2 down-regulation. Surprisingly, these cells proliferated in response to anti-APO-1 only when cells were co-stimulated with SAC plus IL-2. Our data suggest that down-regulation of bcl-2 prepares BCLL cells for induction of APO-1-mediated apoptosis. In addition they demonstrate that triggering of the APO-1 antigen may also lead to the induction of proliferation in special cases of BCLL.
Combination Percutaneous and Intraarterial Therapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review (2010)

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous ablation therapies have been shown to provide effective therapy and afford survival prolongation for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both treatments, however, have inherent limitations that restrict their benefit; TACE is not a curative therapy and ablation efficacy is significantly limited by lesion size. Current treatment strategies aim to combine intraarterial and percutaneous liver-directed therapies synergistically to improve tumor response, and by extension improve patient survival. This article reviews the current literature on combination treatments, and examines the circumstances in which therapeutic combinations would improve tumor response and patient survival.
Activation of the Properdin Pathway of Complement in Patients with Gram-Negative Bacteremia (1975)

To determine the pathway used for activation of complement component C3, serum levels of components C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, and C9 and two properdin factors, properdin and factor B, were measured in 42 patients with gram-negative bacteremia, in 19 of whom shock subsequently developed. Mean levels of the classical components C1, C4, and C2 in bacteremic patients in whom shock subsequently developed did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) from those of patients with uncomplicated bacteremia. Levels of properdin, factor B and C3, C5, C6, and C9 were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased in patients with shock in comparison with those with uncomplicated bacteremia. Taken together, these findings are consistent with activation of C3 and the terminal complement sequence, C5-C9, occurring primarily by the properdin pathway, in patients with gram-negative bacteremia eventuating in shock. Biologically active products released during activation of C3-C9 may contribute to the development of shock.
Mechanochemical preparation of molecular and supramolecular organometallic materials and coordination networks (2006)

This Dalton Perspective deals with solvent-free reactions taking place within solids or between solids or involving a solid and a vapour. The focus is on reactions involving organometallic and coordination compounds and occurring via reassembling of non-covalent bonding, e.g. hydrogen bonds, and/or formation of ligand-metal coordination bonds. It is argued that reactions activated by mechanical mixing of solid reactants as well as those obtained by exposing a crystalline solid to a vapour can be exploited to "make crystals", which is the quintessence of crystal engineering. It is demonstrated through a number of examples that solvent-free methods, such as co-grinding, kneading, milling of molecular solids, or reactions of solid with vapours represent viable alternative, when not unique, routes for the preparation of novel molecular and supramolecular solids as well as for the preparation of polymorphic or solvate modifications of a same species. The structural characterization of the products requires the preparation of single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction, a goal often achieved by seeding.
Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Anti-Tumor Promoting Activities of Compounds Isolated from Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) and Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Oil Cakes (2000)

Abstract Tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-tumor promoting activities of 14 compounds isolated from safflower and cotton oil cakes were evaluated together with the two genins of glycosides, trachorogenin (8a) and quercetin (12a). Catechin (11) and quercetin (12a) showed moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activity. N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin (1) and its 5-O-glucoside (3) exhibited weak anti-tyrosinase activity, but potent inhibitory activity on melanine production in the assay. Serotonin derivatives (1-4). 2-hydroxyarctiin (8), matairesinol glycoside (9) and sesquiterpene glucosides (13, 14) exhibited potent inhibitory activity on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation, which is the short term in vitro assay for anti-tumor-promoting activity.