gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2.4GHz 72dB-variable-gain 100dB-DR 7.8mW 4<sup>th</sup>-order tunable Q-enhanced LC band-pass filter (2015)

This paper presents a 2.4GHz two-stage Q-enhanced 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order active band-pass filter with 72dB variable gain and 12MHz 3-dB bandwidth. The center frequency of the filter can be tuned from 2.35GHz to 2.48GHz with a frequency step of 0.4MHz. An RF linearization technique is proposed to enhance the dynamic range (DR) to 100dB, and a robust Q of 400 is achieved for each of the two filter stages allowing RF channel selection. An EM isolation structure is implemented to reduce the mutual coupling between the two inductors to -76dB. This RF BPF is fabricated in 55nm CMOS technology and consumes only 7.8mW.
Okazaki Fragment Processing-independent Role for Human Dna2 Enzyme during DNA Replication (2012)

Dna2 is an essential helicase/nuclease that is postulated to cleave long DNA flaps that escape FEN1 activity during Okazaki fragment (OF) maturation in yeast. We previously demonstrated that the human Dna2 orthologue (hDna2) localizes to the nucleus and contributes to genomic stability. Here we investigated the role hDna2 plays in DNA replication. We show that Dna2 associates with the replisome protein And-1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Depletion of hDna2 resulted in S/G(2) phase-specific DNA damage as evidenced by increased γ-H2AX, replication protein A foci, and Chk1 kinase phosphorylation, a readout for activation of the ATR-mediated S phase checkpoint. In addition, we observed reduced origin firing in hDna2-depleted cells consistent with Chk1 activation. We next examined the impact of hDna2 on OF maturation and replication fork progression in human cells. As expected, FEN1 depletion led to a significant reduction in OF maturation. Strikingly, the reduction in OF maturation had no impact on replication fork progression, indicating that fork movement is not tightly coupled to lagging strand maturation. Analysis of hDna2-depleted cells failed to reveal a defect in OF maturation or replication fork progression. Prior work in yeast demonstrated that ectopic expression of FEN1 rescues Dna2 defects. In contrast, we found that FEN1 expression in hDna2-depleted cells failed to rescue genomic instability. These findings suggest that the genomic instability observed in hDna2-depleted cells does not arise from defective OF maturation and that hDna2 plays a role in DNA replication that is distinct from FEN1 and OF maturation.
The Maternal Nude1 Protein of Drosophila Has Two Distinct Roles Important for Embryogenesis (1996)

The nudel gene is maternally required to define dorsoventral polarity of the Drosophila embryo. It encodes an unusual mosaic protein with a protease domain that may trigger the protease cascade required for ventral development. We describe phenotypic and molecular analyses of nudel mutations that provide further insight into nudel protein function. Surprisingly, nudel mutations primarily cause either dorsalized embryos in which dorsal cell fates are expanded over ventral and lateral cell fates or fragile eggs that fail to develop beyond early embryonic stages. The nudel protein is therefore required not only for embryonic dorsoventral polarity but also for structural integrity of the egg. Complementation and antagonistic interactions between nudel alleles suggest that the nudel protein is functionally modular and that protein-protein interactions are important for nudel protein function. Three nudel mutations that produce dorsalized embryos map to the protease domain of nudel, suggesting that this domain is specifically required for defining embryonic dorsoventral polarity. Finally, certain combinations of nudel alleles simultaneously produce completely dorsalized and normal embryos yet very few embryos of intermediate mutant phenotypes. The unusual biphasic distribution of phenotypes may indicate that nudel activity above a threshold is required to generate embryonic dorsoventral polarity.
Realizing Rec 2020 color gamut with quantum dot displays (2015)

We analyze how to realize Rec. 2020 wide color gamut with quantum dots. For photoluminescence, our simulation indicates that we are able to achieve over 97% of the Rec. 2020 standard with quantum dots by optimizing the emission spectra and redesigning the color filters. For electroluminescence, by optimizing the emission spectra of quantum dots is adequate to render over 97% of the Rec. 2020 standard. We also analyze the efficiency and angular performance of these devices, and then compare results with LCDs using green and red phosphors-based LED backlight. Our results indicate that quantum dot display is an outstanding candidate for achieving wide color gamut and high optical efficiency.
Plasmid transfer in Streptomyces lividans: identification of a kil-kor system associated with the transfer region of pIJ101 (1987)

The 8.9-kilobase Streptomyces plasmid pIJ101 is self-transmissible at high frequency into recipient strains. By genetic analysis of the transfer region of the plasmid, we identified six plasmid-encoded loci involved in gene transfer and the associated pocking phenomenon. Two loci, kilA and kilB, could not be cloned into Streptomyces lividans on a minimal pIJ101-based replicon unless suitable kil-override (kor) genes were present, either in cis or in trans. korA could control the lethal effects of both kilA and kilB, whereas korB could control only the effects of kilB. KilB mutants were defective in their pocking reaction; kilA mutants produced no visible pocks whatsoever. Mutations in two other loci, tra and spd, produced no pocks and defective pocks, respectively. These results suggest that kilA, kilB, tra, and spd are intimately involved in plasmid transfer and that the actions of kilA and kilB are regulated by the products of the korA and korB genes.
Substrate Heated Spray-Deposition Method for High Efficient Organic Solar Cell: Morphology Inspection (2010)

We report a general approach involving the heating of glass substrates for fabricating spray-coated organic photovoltaic cells. We heated a substrate was heated to temperatures of 50, 100, and 150 °C during the spray-coating process and observed different morphology of the active layer. It was found that the morphology influenced the performance of the organic solar cell. The solar cell subjected to spray coating at a substrate temperature of 150 °C showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼3.84%, an open voltage of ∼0.61 V, and a short current density of ∼20 mA/cm2. After optimizing post annealing, we obtained the PCE up to 4.3%.
Nuclear import of DNA in digitonin-permeabilized cells (1997)

DNA can enter intact mammalian nuclei with varying degrees of efficiency in both transfected and microinjected cells, yet very little is known about the mechanism by which it crosses the nuclear membrane. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of fluorescently labeled DNA was studied using a digitonin-permeabilized cell system. DNA accumulated in the nucleus with a punctate staining pattern in over 80% of the permeabilized HeLa cells. Nuclear localization of the labeled DNA was energy dependent and occurred through the nuclear pore, but did not require the addition of soluble cytoplasmic protein factors necessary for protein import.
Gastric acid secretion: activation and inhibition. (1996)

Peripheral regulation of gastric acid secretion is initiated by the release of gastrin from the G cell. Gastrin then stimulates the cholecystokinin-B receptor on the enterochromaffin-like cell beginning a calcium signaling cascade. An exocytotic release of histamine follows with concomitant activation of a C1- current. The released histamine begins the H2-receptor mediated sequence of events in the parietal cell, which results in activation of the gastric H+/K+ - ATPase. This enzyme is the final common pathway of acid secretion. The H+/K+ - ATPase is composed of two subunits: the larger alpha-subunit couples ion transport to hydrolysis of ATP, the smaller beta-subunit is required for appropriate assembly of the holoenzyme. Both the membrane and extracytoplasmic domain contain the ion transport pathway, and therefore, this region is the target for the antisecretory drugs of the post-H2 era. The 100 kDa alpha-subunit has probably 10 membrane spanning segments with, therefore, five extracytoplasmic loops. The 35 kDA beta-subunit has a single membrane spanning segment, and most of this protein is extracytoplasmic with the six or seven N glycosylation consensus sequences occupied. Omeprazole is an acid-accumulated, acid-activated, prodrug that binds covalently to two cysteine residues at positions 813 (or 822) and 892, accessible from the acidic face of the pump. Lansoprazole binds to cys321, 813 (or 822) and 892; pantoprazole binds to cys813 and 822. The common binding site for these drugs (cys813 or 822) is responsible for the inhibition of acid transport. Covalent inhibition of the acid pump improves control of acid secretion, but since the effective half life of the inhibition in man is about 48 hr, full inhibition of acid secretion, perhaps necessary for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in combination with a single antibiotic, will require prolongation of the effect of this class of drug.
Polymyxin E production by P. amylolyticus (2007)

Although variants of the polymyxin antibiotics are known to be produced by several species within the Paenibacillus genus, this first investigation of antibacterial production by bacteria isolated from the hindgut of T. abdominalis describes a novel source for polymyxin E production as well as the first report of antibiotic production by P. amylolyticus.
The tetravalent guanylhydrazone CNI-1493 blocks the toxic effects of interleukin-2 without diminishing antitumor efficacy (1998)

The use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) as an antineoplastic agent has been limited by the serious toxicities that accompany the doses necessary for a tumor response. Elevation of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) both have been implicated in IL-2 toxicities. CNI-1493, a tetravalent guanylhydrazone, is an inhibitor of macrophage activation including the synthesis of TNF and other cytokines. Doses of CNI-1493 as low as 1 mg/kg/day conferred complete protection against fatal toxicity of IL-2 with IL-2 doses tenfold higher than the safely tolerated level in Sprague-Dawley rats. Moreover, typical pathologic changes in the lungs, kidneys, and the liver caused by IL-2 infusion were blocked by cotreatment with CNI-1493. When animals bearing established hepatomas were given IL-2 and CNI-1493 combination therapy, 10 of 10 hepatomas regressed from 1 cm3 to <1 mm3. Intracytoplasmic TNF levels were increased in normal tissues from IL-2 treated animals, and treatment with CNI-1493 maintained TNF at control levels. The degree of apoptosis measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining of tumors following IL-2 therapy was not reduced compared with IL-2 cotreated with CNI-1493. In contrast, apoptosis in the liver and lung parenchyma following IL-2 therapy was blocked completely by cotreatment with CNI-1493. Taken together, these data showed that low and infrequent doses of CNI-1493 markedly protected animals from IL-2 systemic toxicities whereas not affecting tumor response to IL-2 therapy. With the protection afforded by CNI-1493 treatment, IL-2 therapy dose levels could be increased to provide significant antitumor effects in animals with established hepatomas.
Selective Inhibition of Oncogenic KRAS Output with Small Molecules Targeting the Inactive State (2016)

A cell-active, mutant-specific, covalent inhibitor of KRAS(G12C) is described that targets the GDP-bound, inactive state and prevents subsequent activation. Using this novel compound, we demonstrate that KRAS(G12C) oncoprotein rapidly cycles bound nucleotide and responds to upstream signaling inputs to maintain a highly active state.
Activity of purified biosynthetic proteinase of human immunodeficiency virus on natural substrates and synthetic peptides. (1989)

Retroviral capsid proteins and replication enzymes are synthesized as polyproteins that are proteolytically processed to the mature products by a virus-encoded proteinase. We have purified the proteinase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), expressed in Escherichia coli, to approximately 90% purity. The purified enzyme at a concentration of approximately 20 nM gave rapid, efficient, and specific cleavage of an in vitro synthesized gag precursor protein. Purified HIV proteinase also induced specific cleavage of five decapeptide substrates whose amino acid sequences corresponded to cleavage sites in the HIV polyprotein but not of a peptide corresponding to a cleavage site in another retrovirus. Competition experiments with different peptides allowed a ranking of cleavage sites. Inhibition studies indicated that the HIV proteinase was inhibited by pepstatin A with an IC50 of 0.7 microM.
Genomic instability and tumor-specific alterations in oral squamous cell carcinomas assessed by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR. (2003)

Our results indicate that the extent of genomic instability in OSCC is not correlated to the tumor stage or location. For the first time, we have shown that chromosomal alterations detected by inter-(simple sequence repeat) PCR could be correlated to genes associated with cancer development.
Molecular Mechanism of Alzheimer's Neurofibrillary Degeneration and Therapeutic Interventiona (1996)

Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the abnormal tau is the major protein subunit of paired helical filaments (PHF). The abnormal phosphorylation of tau probably precedes its polymerization into PHF. The abnormal tau does not bind to tubulin, but competes with tubulin in binding to normal tau and thereby inhibits the assembly of microtubules in the affected neurons. The abnormal tau can be dephosphorylated enzymatically and by this way its microtubule assembly promoting activity can be restored. The activities of protein phosphatases might be decreased in the affected neurons in AD brain, allowing the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau. Neurofibrillary degeneration can probably be inhibited by increasing the activities of protein phosphatases in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Analysis of the Large Aqueous Pores Produced by a Bacillus Turingiensis Protein Insecticide in Manduca Sexta Midgut‐Brush‐Border‐Membrane Vesicles (1997)

An osmotic swelling assay utilising carboxyfluorescein self-quenching to measure intravesicular volume changes was adapted to investigate permeability changes induced by the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin in Manduca sexta midgut-brush-border-membrane vesicles (BBMV). This assay provides a more quantitative analysis of Cry-toxin-induced BBMV permeability changes, extending our previously published protocol which employed a light-scattering signal to monitor delta-endotoxin activity [Carroll, J. & Ellar, D. J. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 214, 771-778]. The fluorescence signal changes, supported by electron microscopy of the BBMV, demonstrated that Cry1Ac altered the membrane permeability for large non-electrolyte solutes. With this approach Cry1Ac was observed to induce or form pores freely permeant for raffinose (1.14 nm diameter) and using non-electrolytes of increasing size the pores were estimated to have a limiting diameter of approximately 2.4-2.6 nm under alkaline pH conditions.
Automatically Segmenting LifeLog Data into Events (2008)

A personal lifelog of visual information can be very helpful as a human memory aid. The SenseCam, a passively capturing wearable camera, captures an average of 1785 images per day, which equates to over 600000 images per year. So as not to overwhelm users it is necessary to deconstruct this substantial collection of images into digestable chunks of information, i.e. into distinct events or activities. This paper improves on previous work on automatic segmentation of SenseCam images into events by up to 29.2%, primarily through the introduction of intelligent threshold selection techniques, but also through improvements in the selection of normalisation, fusion, and vector distance techniques. Here we use the most extensive dataset ever used in this domain, 271163 images collected by 5 users over a time period of one month with manually groundtruthed events.
Gene delivery to the epidermis (1997)

Epidermal gene delivery techniques are being developed as an experimental approach to understanding the pathogenesis of skin disorders and for developing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of disease. This technology is being evaluated in many clinical trials in the treatment of disorders such as cutaneous melanoma and skin wounding, with 20% of all gene therapy protocols being applied in the field of dermatology. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of gene transfer technology to the epidermis, describing the diseases that may be amenable to treatment by use of these strategies. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the currently used techniques and the future prospects for gene therapy via the epidermis.
Influence of plant age on calcium stimulated ammonium absorption by radish and onion (1993)

Abstract The efficient use of N for crop production is important because N is normally the most expensive fertilizer input. Past research has suggested that Ca++ can be used to stimulate NH4+ absorption by plants. The importance of plant growth stage in relation to this phenomenon has not been examined previously. The objectives of this study were to examine Ca++ ‐ stimulated NH4 + absorption and to examine the effect of Ca++ concentration on N content and growth in plant tops, bulbs and roots at different growth stages. Ammonium absorption experiments were conducted in the greenhouse in 4‐L pots containing 3.5 kg of calcareous Gila sandy loam (Typic Torrifluvents) (CEC <1 cMol kg−1). Plants (Radish, Raphanus sativas L., and onion, Allium cepa L.) were grown with a uniform nutrient solution (1/2 strength nutrient solution, all N as NO3) to the desired growth stage at which time the soil was leached with deionized water. Afterwards, the soils were fertilized with 1/2 strength nutrient solutions (5 mol m−3 NH4) with Ca++: NH4 + molar ratios of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 for a period of 30 h. As Ca++ concentration increased, NH4 + absorption and plant growth increases were greatest with young seedlings. In the intermediate and mature growth stages, Ca++ stimulated 15NH4 + absorption was less rapid than in the earlier growth stages but frequently exhibited a different response (i.e., altered metabolite translocation) to the added Ca++ ‐ concentration. However, at the intermediate and mature growth stages significantly increased N contents and plant growth also were noted in most cases. The Ca++ ‐ increased N content in leaves and bulbs of the older plants had much less 15N suggesting that the newly absorbed 15NH4 + was being deposited in the roots replacing older N forms that were then translocated to the bulbs or leaves. Thus, increasing Ca++ appeared to have anadditional function of increasing the mobility of metabolites (dry matter) from the roots. Since more above‐ground plant products were produced with the same amount of N, plant N use efficiency was increased.
Aryl sulfatase A deficiency in psychiatric and neurologic patients (1987)

Two hundred ninety-five psychiatric and neurologic patients were randomly screened for aryl sulfatase A (ASA) activity in lymphocyte extracts. Two of these patients showed very low ASA activity, in the range of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD)-affected patients. The residual activity in these low ASA patients showed normal enzyme behavior with regard to ASA kinetic features and the ability to catabolize 14C labeled sulfatide by intact fibroblasts. Taking into account that approximately 3% of the general population are homozygous for the pseudo-aryl sulfatase A gene and are clinically unaffected, the data obtained here indicate that the patients studied in this work, as well as most psychiatric patients reported in the literature with low ASA activity, represent the normal ASA polymorphism. Thus, the very low ASA activity patients are in fact homozygous for the pseudo-deficient allele, which does not result in clinical abnormalities. The clinical symptoms in these psychiatric patients and probably other "variant" MLD patients are therefore not related to low ASA activity.
Characterization of virulence plasmids and plasmid-associated outer membrane proteins in Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, and Escherichia coli (1983)

The 140-megadalton plasmids of Shigella flexneri serotypes 1, 3, and 5, in addition to the 120-megadalton plasmid of Shigella sonnei, are associated with virulence. The present study showed that a 140-megadalton plasmid is also associated with virulence in Escherichia coli. When these plasmids were cleaved with EcoRI or BamHI restriction endonucleases, considerable homology was evident in plasmids from S. sonnei strains, whereas only a few common fragments were observed among the S. flexneri and enteroinvasive E. coli plasmids. Nitrocellulose filter hybridization demonstrated that, despite variations in restriction sites, all these plasmids shared a considerable complement of homologous sequences. Minicell-producing strains were obtained by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Transmission electron microscopy of infected HeLa cells showed that minicells from invasive strains retained the invasive phenotype. Sixteen polypeptides were labeled when S. flexneri 5 minicells were incubated with [35S]methionine. Fourteen of these plasmid-coded polypeptides were associated with the outer membrane in invasive strains of S. flexneri 5, and nine polypeptides of similar molecular weight were labeled in the outer membrane of invasive strains of S. flexneri 3, S. sonnei, and E. coli. Seven of the S. flexneri 5 polypeptides were not labeled in a noninvasive strain which had sustained a large deletion in the virulence-associated plasmid, and none were labeled in minicells which no longer harbored this plasmid.
REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND AMINES WITH 8-HYDROXYQUINALDlNE AND 8-QUINOLINOL. PART II (1960)

Several 7-\(\alpha\)-anilinobenzyl-8-quinaidinols and -8-quinolinols have been synthesised by the Bad reaction among aldehydes and amines and either 8-hydroxyquirialdine or 8-quinohinol with a view to studying their ancebacidal activity and as precipitants for metal ons.
Diversity in the contribution of interleukin‐10 to T‐cell‐mediated immune regulation (2008)

Recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms by which the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) participates in an ever-increasing diversity of T-cell lineages to maintain immune homeostasis has broadened the framework for defining regulatory and effector T cells and has blurred the lines between them. In this review, we highlight established and emerging roles for IL-10 produced by distinct CD4(+) T-cell lineages that underlie its non-redundant role in curbing immune responses to the intestinal microbiota at steady state and its role to limit T-cell-driven inflammation in responses to pathogens.