gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HSP90 Interacts with and Regulates the Activity of Heat Shock Factor 1 in Xenopus Oocytes (1998)

Transcriptional activation of heat shock genes is a reversible and multistep process involving conversion of inactive heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) monomers into heat shock element (HSE)-binding homotrimers, hyperphosphorylation, and further modifications that induce full transcriptional competence. HSF1 is controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms, including suppression by additional cellular factors, physical interactions with HSP70, and integration into different cellular signaling cascades. However, the signaling mechanisms by which cells respond to stress and control the HSF1 activation-deactivation pathway are not known. Here we demonstrate that HSP90, a cellular chaperone known to regulate several signal transduction molecules and transcription factors, functions in the regulation of HSF1. The existence of HSF1-HSP90 heterocomplexes was shown by coimmunoprecipitation of HSP90 with HSF1 from unshocked and heat-shocked nuclear extracts, recognition of HSF1-HSE complexes in vitro by using HSP90 antibodies (Abs), and recognition of HSF1 in vivo by HSP90 Abs microinjected directly into oocyte nuclei. The functional impact of HSP90-HSF1 interactions was analyzed by using two strategies: direct nuclear injection of HSP90 Abs and treatment of cells with geldanamycin (GA), an agent that specifically blocks the chaperoning activity of HSP90. Both HSP90 Abs and GA delayed the disassembly of HSF1 trimers during recovery from heat shock and specifically inhibited heat-induced transcription from a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct under control of the hsp70 promoter. HSP90 Abs activated HSE binding in the absence of heat shock, an effect that could be reversed by subsequent injection of purified HSP90. GA did not activate HSE binding under nonshock conditions but increased the quantity of HSE binding induced by heat shock. On the basis of these findings and the known properties of HSP90, we propose a new regulatory model in which HSP90 participates in modulating HSF1 at different points along the activation-deactivation pathway, influencing the interconversion between monomeric and trimeric conformations as well as transcriptional activation. We also put forth the hypothesis that HSP90 links HSF1 to cellular signaling molecules coordinating the stress response.
Influence of the antigen delivery system on immunoglobulin isotype selection and cytokine production in response to influenza A nucleoprotein. (1993)

The influence of different antigen delivery systems on antibody isotype and lymphokine profile has been investigated using influenza nucleoprotein as a model antigen system. Mice exposed to live or inactivated influenza virus produced antibody against whole virus or recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP), which was predominantly of the IgG2a isotype. Spleen or lymph node cells from these mice rapidly produced large amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but no detectable interleukin-5 (IL-5) when stimulated in vitro with specific antigen. In contrast, after primary immunization with rNP or p206-229 in different adjuvants (CFA, quil A or alhydrogel), specific antibody was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype and relatively lower amounts of IFN-gamma but no IL-5 were detected following in vitro antigenic stimulation. Secondary immunization, however, resulted in detection of IgG2a antibodies and increased levels of IFN-gamma. IL-5 was only detected after secondary immunization with peptide in adjuvant. Mice infected with aro A- Salmonella typhimurium expressing NP produced antibody of both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes and large amounts of IFN-gamma and no IL-5, following in vitro antigenic stimulation, and therefore parallelled the pattern seen with whole virus more closely than that seen following primary immunization with protein or peptide in conventional adjuvants. The results suggest that the antigen delivery vehicle influences both quantitative and qualitative differences in the type of immune response elicited, which may be important in determining the potency of protective immunity induced.
Her-2/neu-derived peptides are tumor-associated antigens expressed by human renal cell and colon carcinoma lines and are recognized by in vitro induced specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1998)

The Her-2/neu oncogene encodes a Mr 185,000 transmembrane protein with homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is overexpressed in 30-40% of breast and ovarian cancers, and this overexpression was shown to correlate with aggressiveness of malignancy and poor prognosis. Using tumor-associated lymphocytes isolated from patients with ovarian or breast cancer, several HLA-A2-restricted, Her-2/neu-derived peptides were identified. Further studies revealed that these tumor-associated CTLs can also lyse other tumors, including non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that Her-2/neu epitopes are shared between several distinct types of epithelial tumors. To analyze whether Her-2/neu epitopes are tumor-associated antigens for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and colon carcinoma, we induced Her-2/neu peptide-specific CTL responses by primary in vitro immunization and used these CTLs to determine the presentation of Her-2/neu epitopes on human tumor lines. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes were pulsed with Her-2/neu-derived peptides E75 and GP2 and used as antigen-presenting cells for CTL priming. High CTL activity toward peptide-pulsed targets was obtained after two weekly restimulations. CTLs induced with DCs generated in the presence of TNF-alpha elicited a higher cytotoxic activity when they were stimulated with the cognate peptide than did CTLs induced with DCs grown in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 alone. The cytotoxicity of induced CTLs was antigen specific and HLA-A2 restricted. Furthermore, these CTLs lysed, in a MHC- and antigen-restricted fashion, not only breast cancer cells but also colon carcinoma and RCC cell lines expressing Her-2/neu. The cytotoxic activity against tumor cells was blocked by cold HLA-A2-positive targets pulsed with the cognate peptide in cold target inhibition assay and by anti-HLA-A2 monoclonal Ab. These results suggest that epitopes derived from Her-2/neu protein might be attractive candidates for broadly applicable vaccines and may prove useful for adoptive immunotherapies designed for colon carcinoma or RCC.
Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in oesophageal mucosa from adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a retrospective and comparative study on pathological biopsy (2006)

Numbers of eosinophils and degranulation are underestimated by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry detected up to two times more eosinophils than routine haematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, eosinophil-MBP immunoreactivity in extracellular regions indicates the release of toxic eosinophil granule proteins and gives further evidence for a causative role of eosinophils with regard to structural changes in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Immunohistochemistry may serve as a useful diagnostic tool to support the morphological differential diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Role of TCR ζ Chain in T Cell Development and Selection (1994)

Signals mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR) are required for thymocyte maturation and selection. To examine the role of TCR zeta chain signals in development, TCR expression was restored in zeta-deficient mice with transgenic zeta chains that partially or completely lacked sequences required for signal transduction. The zeta chain played a role in thymic development by promoting TCR surface expression, but zeta-mediated signals were not essential because TCRs that contained signaling-deficient zeta chains promoted T cell maturation and transduced signals associated with thymic selection.
Herpesvirus hominis Infection in Newborn Mice: Treatment with Interferon Inducer Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid (1975)

Intranasal inoculation of newborn mice with Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) type 2 provides a model for disseminated herpesvirus infections of human newborn infants. Treatment of this experimental infection with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] significantly increased the mean survival time and markedly altered the pathogenesis of the infection. No significant protection against final mortality was observed. Poly(I:C) therapy completely inhibited detectable viral replication in all target organs tested except the brain. In the brain there was a 2-day delay in the onset of viral replication in treated animals, which correlated with the 1- to 2-day increase in mean survival time. In general, the control of HVH replication occurred in those target organs in which poly(I:C)-induced interferon was detectable. The failure of poly(I:C) to alter the final mortality of newborn mice infected with HVH appears to be primarily due to the lack of sufficient levels of interferon induced in brain tissue and the failure to prevent viral replication in this critical target organ.
Pharmacokinetic Profile and Palatability of Atomoxetine Oral Solution in Healthy Japanese Male Adults (2016)

Atomoxetine oral solution is bioequivalent to atomoxetine capsules and potentially fulfills the need for an oral solution atomoxetine formulation that will facilitate treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The CXC Motif:  A Functional Mimic of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (2003)

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) utilizes the active site sequence Cys-Gly-His-Cys (CGHC; E degrees ' = -180 mV) to effect thiol-disulfide interchange during oxidative protein folding. Here, the Cys-Gly-Cys-NH(2) (CGC) peptide is shown to have a disulfide reduction potential (E degrees ' = -167 mV) that is close to that of PDI. This peptide has a thiol acid dissociation constant (pK(a) = 8.7) that is lower than that of glutathione. These attributes endow the CGC peptide with substantial disulfide isomerization activity. Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Trx) utilizes the active site sequence Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys (CGPC; E degrees ' = -270 mV) to effect disulfide reduction. Removal of the proline residue from the Trx active site yields a CGC active site with a greatly destabilized disulfide bond (E degrees ' >or= -200 mV). The DeltaP34 variant retains high conformational stability and remains a substrate for thioredoxin reductase. In contrast to the reduced form of the wild-type enzyme, the reduced form of DeltaP34 Trx has disulfide isomerization activity, which is 25-fold greater than that of the CGC peptide. Thus, the rational deletion of an active site residue can bestow a new and desirable function upon an enzyme. Moreover, a CXC motif, in both a peptide and a protein, provides functional mimicry of PDI.
Achromatic interferometric lithography for 100-nm-period gratings and grids (1995)

For the fabrication of periodic structures with spatial periods of 100 nm or less, achromatic interferometric lithography is preferred over other lithographic techniques. We report on processes we have developed, using achromatic interferometric lithography, to fabricate large-area coherent gratings and grids with spatial periods of 100 nm.
Group 5 Allergens of Timothy Grass (Phl p 5) Bear Cross-Reacting T Cell Epitopes with Group 1 Allergens of Rye Grass (Lol p 1) (1996)

Selected human T cell clones reactive with group 5 allergens of timothy grass (Phl p 5) were cross-stimulated in specific proliferation assays with group 1 allergens of rye grass (Lol p 1). Such interspecies cross-reactivities result obviously from structural motifs presented on defined Phl p 5 fragments as shown with recombinant Phl p 5 products.
Environment and Modernity in Transitional China: Frontiers of Ecological Modernization (2006)

The process of institutionalizing environmental interests and considerations in Western (especially, but not only, European) industrialized societies has been reflected and theorized upon by social scientists, many of whom have adopted the ‘ecological modernization’ framework. One of the key questions on the research agenda of ecological modernization is its appropriateness for developing or industrializing countries in other parts of the world. This contribution analyses to what extent environmental reforms in contemporary China can be interpreted as ecological modernization. It focuses on the similarities and differences between Chinese and European modes or styles of ecological modernization with respect to the role of state institutions, market dynamics, civil society pressure and international integration.
Potential Electron Transfer Complexes of the [M-O4] Type: Synthesis and Properties of Complexes Derived from Pyrocatechol and Tetrachloropyrocatechol (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Electron Transfer Complexes of the [M-O4] Type: Synthesis and Properties of Complexes Derived from Pyrocatechol and TetrachloropyrocatecholFreimund Rohrscheid, Alan L. Balch, and R. H. HolmCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 9, 1542–1551Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50043a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50043a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views667Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Memory access scheduling (2000)

The bandwidth and latency of a memory system are strongly dependent on the manner in which accesses interact with the “3-D” structure of banks, rows, and columns characteristic of contemporary DRAM chips. There is nearly an order of magnitude difference in bandwidth between successive references to different columns within a row and different rows within a bank. This paper introduces memory access scheduling, a technique that improves the performance of a memory system by reordering memory references to exploit locality within the 3-D memory structure. Conservative reordering, in which the first ready reference in a sequence is performed, improves bandwidth by 40% for traces from five media benchmarks. Aggressive reordering, in which operations are scheduled to optimize memory bandwidth, improves bandwidth by 93% for the same set of applications. Memory access scheduling is particularly important for media processors where it enables the processor to make the most efficient use of scarce memory bandwidth.
Synthesis of an amplifiable reporter RNA for bioassays (1986)

The replacement of reporter groups, such as fluorescent molecules or en- zymes, by an amplifiable reporter should lead to bioassays of greatly increased sensitivity, since a very large number of copies of the reporter can be accumu- lated in a short time. Midivariant RNA is an appropriate reporter, since it is autocatalytically replicated by Qp RNA polymerase in vitro. This RNA can be amplified exponentially, with a population doubling time of 36 seconds, resulting in the synthesis of 106 copies of each molecule in 12 minutes.
Parallel intersection and serial composition of finite state transducers (1988)

We describe a linguistically expressive and easy to implement parallel semantics for quasi-deterministic finite state transducers(FSTS) used as acceptors. Algorithms are given for determining acceptance of pairs of phoneme strings given a parallel suite of such transducers and for constructing the equivalent single transducer by parallel intersection. An algorithm for constructing the serial composition of a sequence of such transducers is also given. This algorithm can produce generally nondeterministic FSTS and an algorithm is presented for eliminating the unacceptable nondeterminism. Finally, the work is discussed in the context of other work on finite state transducers.
Studies on serum YKL-40 as a biomarker in diseases with inflammation, tissue remodelling, fibroses and cancer. (2006)

1. YKL-40 In a search of new bone proteins, the glycoprotein YKL-40 was identified in 1989 to be secreted in vitro in large amount by the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. The protein was named YKL-40 based on its three N-terminal aminoacids Tyrosine (Y), Lysine (K) and Leucine (L) and its molecular mass of 40 kDa (Johansen et al. 1992). This protein was later found to be similar to a protein secreted by differentiated smooth muscle cells from swine explants of the thoracic aorta (Millis et al. 1985), to a protein isolated from the whey protein secretions of bovine mammary secretions during the nonlactating period (Rejman et al. 1988), and to a heparin binding protein secreted by human synovial cells (Nyirkos et al. 1990). In the last few years there has been a growing number of publications concerning YKL-40 and the “Story about YKL-40” has probably just started. The protein has several names: “YKL-40” (Johansen et al. 1992), “Human Cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp39)” (Hakala et al. 1993), “Breast regressing protein 39 Kd (brp-39)” (Morrison et al. 1994), “38-kDa heparin-binding glycoprotein (gp38k)” (Shackelton et al. 1995), “Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1)” (Rehli et al. 1997), “Chondrex” (Harvey et al. 1998), and “40 kDa mammary gland protein (MGP-40)” (Mohanty et al. 2003). Hopefully, there will in the future be consensus of its name. In this thesis the protein is named YKL-40.
IL-22-Mediated Tumor Growth Reduction Correlates with Inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT Phosphorylation and Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest in the G2-M Phase (2006)

IL-22 is a recently discovered cytokine of the IL-10 family that binds to a class II cytokine receptor composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2(c) and influences a variety of immune reactions. As IL-22 has also been shown to modulate cell cycle and proliferation mediators such as ERK1/2 and JNK, we studied the role of IL-22 in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation in EMT6 murine breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report that murine breast cancer cells express functional IL-22R as indicated by RT-PCR studies, immunoblotting, and STAT3 activation assays. Importantly, IL-22 exposure of EMT6 cells resulted in decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and AKT protein kinases, indicating an inhibitory effect of IL-22 on signaling pathways promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, IL-22 induced a cell cycle arrest of EMT6 cells in the G(2)-M phase. IL-22 reduced EMT6 cell numbers and the proliferation rate by approximately 50% as measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. IL-22 treatment of EMT6 tumor-bearing mice lead to a decreased tumor size and a reduced tumor cell proliferation in vivo, as determined by 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography scans. Interestingly, IL-22 did not induce apoptosis, as determined in annexin V binding assay and caspase-3 activation assay and had no effect on angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, our results indicate that IL-22 reduced tumor growth by inhibiting signaling pathways such as ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation that promote tumor cell proliferation in EMT6 cells. Therefore, IL-22 may play a role in the control of tumor growth and tumor progression.
Design of the optical path layer in multiwavelength cross-connected networks (1996)

We discuss the wavelength requirement for optical networks based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). A mathematical model, to represent the routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks with or without wavelength conversion, is described, and metrics are defined to express the performance. A new heuristic for routing and wavelength assignment is proposed and compared with the Dijkstra algorithm and with a solution based on integer linear programming. The different techniques are applied to a variety of network examples with different traffic loads.
Influence of atomic hydrogen on the growth reactions of amorphous boron films in a low-pressure B2H6+He+H2 plasma (1988)

The activation energy (E) of the growth reactions of boron films in plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition from B2H6+He+H2 at a pressure of 300 Pa was measured at a range of substrate temperature from 750 to 1200 K. It was found that the E decreases continuously from 1.83 to 0.54 kcal/mol and then increases up to 4.97 kcal/mol with the increase of partial pressure of atomic hydrogen ([H]). The continuous change of E is supposed to be due to the transition of the dominant rate determining growth reaction, which is accompanied with the change of the composition of adsorbed layer on a film surface. The variation of E as a function of [H] can be explained with a kinetic model proposed here, in which the E of the growth reaction through BH3 is assigned to 1.83 kcal/mol, that through BH2 to 0.54 kcal/mol, and E of migration of BH2 on the film surface covered with hydrogen is related to be 4.97 kcal/mol.
Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus subtilis for Ethanol Production: Lactate Dehydrogenase Plays a Key Role in Fermentative Metabolism (2007)

Wild-type Bacillus subtilis ferments 20 g/liter glucose in 48 h, producing lactate and butanediol, but not ethanol or acetate. To construct an ethanologenic B. subtilis strain, homologous recombination was used to disrupt the native lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene (ldh) by chromosomal insertion of the Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase gene (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase II gene (adhB) under the control of the ldh native promoter. The values of the intracellular PDC and ADHII enzymatic activities of the engineered B. subtilis BS35 strain were similar to those found in an ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain. BS35 produced ethanol and butanediol; however, the cell growth and glucose consumption rates were reduced by 70 and 65%, respectively, in comparison to those in the progenitor strain. To eliminate butanediol production, the acetolactate synthase gene (alsS) was inactivated. In the BS36 strain (BS35 delta alsS), ethanol production was enhanced, with a high yield (89% of the theoretical); however, the cell growth and glucose consumption rates remained low. Interestingly, kinetic characterization of LDH from B. subtilis showed that it is able to oxidize NADH and NADPH. The expression of the transhydrogenase encoded by udhA from E. coli allowed a partial recovery of the cell growth rate and an early onset of ethanol production. Beyond pyruvate-to-lactate conversion and NADH oxidation, an additional key physiological role of LDH for glucose consumption under fermentative conditions is suggested. Long-term cultivation showed that 8.9 g/liter of ethanol can be obtained using strain BS37 (BS35 delta alsS udhA+). As far as we know, this is the highest ethanol titer and yield reported with a B. subtilis strain.