gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of acute peritoneal inflammation in rats by a cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant receptor antagonist (1997)

Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), a member of the IL-8 superfamily of chemokines, is one rat homologue of the three human GRO proteins. Neutralizing Abs against CINC have been shown previously to be efficacious in several models of inflammation, indicating that CINC is an important proinflammatory mediator in vivo. By introducing the N-terminal mutation delta1-5,ELR>AAR into CINC, we have developed a rat alpha-chemokine receptor antagonist (ra) analogous to a previously described mutant of human IL-8. Bacterially expressed CINCra had no chemotactic activity itself, but completely blocked the activity of physiologic concentrations of CINC when used as an antagonist in vitro. Inhibition by CINCra was specific, since it had approximately 10-fold less antagonist activity on the related, but distinct rat alpha-chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein 2. When coinjected with zymosan into the peritoneal cavities of Lewis rats, 100 microg of CINCra inhibited neutrophil influx by approximately 40%, which was comparable with inhibition caused by polyclonal anti-CINC Abs.
The Use of Intravenous and Aerosolized Polymyxins for the Treatment of Infections in Critically Ill Patients: A Review of the Recent Literature (2006)

Intravenous and aerosolized polymyxins are being used increasingly, especially in the critical care setting, for treating patients with infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recent literature suggests that intravenous colistin and polymyxin B have acceptable effectiveness for the treatment of patients with bacteremia, as well as infections of various systems and organs, including pneumonia, bacteremia, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Although data from recent studies have suggested that the toxicity of intravenous polymyxins is probably less than reported in the older literature, caution should be taken to monitor the renal function of patients who receive these antibiotics.
Sleeping Beauty Vector System Moves Toward Human Trials in the United States (2008)

In a public review of a proposed clinical gene transfer trial, the National Institutes of Health Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (NIH RAC) heard details in June 2008 of what is the first human trial in the United States utilizing the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. The trial is being proposed by Partow Kebriaei and Laurence Cooper at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and collaborator Perry Hackett at the University of Minnesota. This trial will transfer genetically altered T cells into patients with CD19+ B-lymphoid malignancies.
Hereditary dystrophy of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium in a strain of Briard dogs : A clinical, morphological and electrophysiological study (1994)

A congenital hereditary retinal dystrophy was found in a Swedish strain of Briard dogs. A test breeding scheme produced a total of 6 litters of Briard dogs and Briard/Beagle crosses. A recessive mo ...
Current knowledge on isobutanol production withEscherichia coli,Bacillus subtilisandCorynebacterium glutamicum (2011)

Due to steadily rising crude oil prices great efforts have been made to develop designer bugs for the fermentative production of higher alcohols, such as 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-Methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol), which all possess quality characteristics comparable to traditional oil based fuels. The common metabolic engineering approach uses the last two steps of the Ehrlich pathway, catalyzed by 2-ketoacid decarboxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase converting the branched chain 2-ketoacids of L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine into the respective alcohols. This strategy was successfully used to engineer well suited and industrially employed bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of higher alcohols. Among these alcohols, isobutanol is currently the most promising one regarding final titer and yield. This article summarizes the current knowledge and achievements on isobutanol production with E. coli, B. subtilis and C. glutamicum regarding the metabolic engineering approaches and process conditions.
Regulated Cutaneous Gene Delivery: The Skin as a Bioreactor (2000)

Epidermal keratinocytes can secrete polypeptides into the bloodstream, and they can be easily expanded in culture and genetically modified. It is thus possible to use epidermal keratinocytes for the systemic delivery of transgene products. Here we review the development of epidermal secretory systems, from cultured keratinocytes to skin grafts and transgenic mouse models. We also discuss a gene-switch approach for regulated cutaneous gene delivery.
69.2: Highly Reliable Oxide‐Semiconductor TFT for AM‐OLED Display (2010)

Abstract We developed highly reliable oxide semiconductor TFT for AM‐ OLED displays. Passivating films, source/drain metals, and the TFT structure were optimized with an eye to improving device reliability to provide a lifetime over 10 years. An 11.7‐inch diagonal qHD AM‐OLED display was demonstrated to provide applicable solution for a large size OLED and an ultra‐high definition LCD TV mass‐production.
Activation of the Imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 Region Correlates with Pluripotency Levels of Mouse Stem Cells (2010)

Low reprogramming efficiency and reduced pluripotency have been the two major obstacles in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell research. An effective and quick method to assess the pluripotency levels of iPS cells at early stages would significantly increase the success rate of iPS cell generation and promote its applications. We have identified a conserved imprinted region of the mouse genome, the Dlk1-Dio3 region, which was activated in fully pluripotent mouse stem cells but repressed in partially pluripotent cells. The degree of activation of this region was positively correlated with the pluripotency levels of stem cells. A mammalian conserved cluster of microRNAs encoded by this region exhibited significant expression differences between full and partial pluripotent stem cells. Several microRNAs from this cluster potentially target components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and may form a feedback regulatory loop resulting in the expression of all genes and non-coding RNAs encoded by this region in full pluripotent stem cells. No other genomic regions were found to exhibit such clear expression changes between cell lines with different pluripotency levels; therefore, the Dlk1-Dio3 region may serve as a marker to identify fully pluripotent iPS or embryonic stem cells from partial pluripotent cells. These findings also provide a step forward toward understanding the operating mechanisms during reprogramming to produce iPS cells and can potentially promote the application of iPS cells in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
ESM-Blur: Handling &#x00026; rendering blur in 3D tracking and augmentation (2009)

The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we show how to extend the ESM algorithm to handle motion blur in 3D object tracking. ESM is a powerful algorithm for template matching-based tracking, but it can fail under motion blur. We introduce an image formation model that explicitly considers the possibility of blur, and show it results in a generalization of the original ESM algorithm. This allows to converge faster, more accurately and more robustly even under large amount of blur. Our second contribution is an efficient method for rendering the virtual objects under the estimated motion blur. It renders two images of the object under 3D perspective, and warps them to create many intermediate images. By fusing these images we obtain a final image for the virtual objects blurred consistently with the captured image. Because warping is much faster that 3D rendering, we can create realistically blurred images at a very low computational cost.
Hsp90 Binds and Regulates the Ligand-Inducible α Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor Kinase Gcn2 (1999)

The protein kinase Gcn2 stimulates translation of the yeast transcription factor Gcn4 upon amino acid starvation. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that Gcn2 is regulated by the molecular chaperone Hsp90 in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, we found that (i) several Hsp90 mutant strains exhibit constitutive expression of a GCN4-lacZ reporter plasmid; (ii) Gcn2 and Hsp90 form a complex in vitro as well as in vivo; (iii) the specific inhibitors of Hsp90, geldanamycin and macbecin I, enhance the association of Gcn2 with Hsp90 and inhibit its kinase activity in vitro; (iv) in vivo, macbecin I strongly reduces the levels of Gcn2; (v) in a strain expressing the temperature-sensitive Hsp90 mutant G170D, both the accumulation and activity of Gcn2 are abolished at the restrictive temperature; and (vi) the Hsp90 cochaperones Cdc37, Sti1, and Sba1 are required for the response to amino acid starvation. Taken together, these data identify Gcn2 as a novel target for Hsp90, which plays a crucial role for the maturation and regulation of Gcn2.
Yeast YAP1 encodes a novel form of the jun family of transcriptional activator proteins. (1989)

The jun family of transcriptional activators includes mammalian AP-1 as well as the yeast regulatory protein GCN4. Recently, an additional transcriptional activator has been found in yeast that recognizes the TGACTCA sequence element common in GCN4/AP-1 sites. This factor was designated yAP-1. The structural gene for yAP-1 has now been isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of 650 residues, considerably larger than GCN4 or c-Jun. The amino terminus of yAP-1 is homologous to the carboxy-terminal DNA-binding domains of GCN4 and c-Jun. Disruption of the YAP1 gene demonstrates this gene is not essential but is required for AP-1 recognition element-dependent transcriptional activation. DNA-affinity blots of proteins from YAP1 cells suggest the presence of additional TGACTCA-binding proteins other than GCN4 and yAP-1. Furthermore, expression of at least one of these related DNA-binding proteins appears to be under control of yAP-1.
Design of a Covalent Peptide Heterodimer for Sequence-Specific Recognition in the Minor Groove of Double-Helical DNA (1994)

While 1:1 peptide-DNA models aided in the design of&#13;\noligopeptides for recognition of long tracts of contiguous A,T&#13;\nbase pairs of DNA, early efforts to design peptides for recognition&#13;\nof mixed A,T and G,C sequences met with limited success. The&#13;\nsynthetic peptides 2-PyN and2-ImN, targeted to the 5'-TGTTA-&#13;\n3' site as 1:1 complexes, were found to bind the unanticipated&#13;\nsequence 5'-TGTCA-3' as anti parallel side-by-side dimers in the&#13;\nminor groove. These and other recent 2:1 peptide-DNA&#13;\ncomplexes offer a revised model for the design of ligands for&#13;\nsequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA. In&#13;\naddition to sequence-dependent minor groove width being a&#13;\ndeterminant of specificity, the 2:1 model allows specific contacts&#13;\nwith each strand on the floor of the minor groove. Based on this&#13;\nnew understanding, we report here a successful second generation&#13;\nmolecule, a covalent peptide heterodimer, which specifically binds&#13;\nthe designated sequence 5'-TGTTA-3'.&#13;\n
Prevalence of Resistant Hypertension in the United States, 2003–2008 (2011)

The prevalence of resistant hypertension is unknown. Much previous knowledge comes from referral populations or clinical trial participants. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 through 2008, nonpregnant adults with hypertension were classified as resistant if their blood pressure was ≥140/90 mm Hg and they reported using antihypertensive medications from 3 different drug classes or drugs from ≥4 antihypertensive drug classes regardless of blood pressure. Among US adults with hypertension, 8.9% (SE: 0.6%) met criteria for resistant hypertension. This represented 12.8% (SE: 0.9%) of the antihypertensive drug-treated population. Of all drug-treated adults whose hypertension was uncontrolled, 72.4% (SE: 1.6%) were taking drugs from <3 classes. Compared with those with controlled hypertension using 1 to 3 medication classes, adults with resistant hypertension were more likely to be older, to be non-Hispanic black, and to have higher body mass index (all P<0.001). They were more likely to have albuminuria, reduced renal function, and self-reported medical histories of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes mellitus (P<0.001). Most (85.6% [SE: 2.4%]) individuals with resistant hypertension used a diuretic. Of this group, 64.4% (SE: 3.2%) used the relatively weak thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. Although not rare, resistant hypertension is currently found in only a modest proportion of the hypertensive population. Among those classified here as resistant, inadequate diuretic therapy may be a modifiable therapeutic target. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and renal dysfunction were all common in this population.
Myristoylation of the G alpha i2 polypeptide, a G protein alpha subunit, is required for its signaling and transformation functions. (1992)

GTPase-inhibiting mutations of the alpha subunit (alpha i2) of the G protein, Gi2, result in constitutive activation of alpha i2 signal transduction functions. GTPase-inhibited alpha i2 mutant polypeptides, referred to as gip2 oncoproteins, have glutamine-205 mutated to leucine (alpha i2Q205L). Expression of the alpha i2Q205L polypeptide inhibits adenylyl cyclase stimulation, constitutively activates p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforms Rat 1a fibroblasts. The alpha i2 polypeptides are N-terminal-myristoylated, but the function of myristoylation is unclear in alpha i2 signal transduction. We have tested the requirement for myristoylation on the ability of the alpha i2Q205L mutant polypeptide to constitutively regulate signal pathways and cell transformation. When expressed in Rat 1a cells, the nonmyristoylated alpha i2Q205L polypeptide is membrane associated but is unable to regulate adenylyl cyclase or p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and does not induce cellular transformation. We conclude that myristoylation is absolutely necessary for alpha i2Q205L signal transduction and regulation of effector enzymes in the cell.
Peptide amphiphiles with multifunctional fragments promoting cellular uptake and endosomal escape as efficient gene vectors (2014)

To overcome barriers associated with gene delivery, a series of peptides consisting of multifunctional fragments, including a cationic amphiphilic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (AMP), a cell penetrating peptide (CPP), TAT, a stearyl moiety, and cysteine residues, were designed and synthesized for evaluation as non-viral gene vectors. TAT and AMP segments were utilized to mediate cellular uptake and endosomal escape, respectively. Stearyl moieties provide an intramolecular hydrophobic environment to promote AMPs to form an α-helical conformation in PBS, and this is beneficial for DNA binding, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape. The α-helical content of the peptides, as well as the particle size, zeta potential, and morphology of the peptide/DNA complexes, was characterized. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal microscopy data showed that the peptides were able to efficiently translocate a pGL3 control plasmid across the plasma membrane via endocytosis, and then they successfully evaded endosomal entrapment and possible metabolic degradation. Moreover, one of the peptide vectors exhibited a high transfection efficiency similar to that of Lipofectamine 2000, concomitant with lower cytotoxicity. Overall, a combination of the four functional segments tested was used to generate a non-viral gene vector that synergistically promoted cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and gene expression.
Intestinal Absorption of D-Xylose in Man (1962)

The d-xylose absorption test is useful in the diagnosis of tropical and idiopathic sprue,1 2 3 4 but results are variable in other disorders and in elderly persons without intestinal disease.5 , 6 Interpretation of this test is hampered by lack of information on the extent to which spontaneous variation and physiologic phenomena may affect xylose absorption. Consequently, we have studied the following aspects of dxylose absorption in the normal human intestine: the amount of an orally ingested dose that is actually absorbed in the small intestine and the degree of correlation of intestinal absorption with urinary excretion of this pentose; the site of absorption . . .
Differential effects of US2, US6 and US11 human cytomegalovirus proteins on HLA class Ia and HLA‐E expression: impact on target susceptibility to NK cell subsets (2003)

We compared in an inducible expression system the individual effect of US2, US6 and US11 human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins on HLA-E and HLA class Ia surface expression, assessing in parallel their influence on target susceptibility to NK cell clones. To this end, the RPMI 8866 B lymphoma cell line (HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-B7, HLA-Cw7, HLA-E(R), HLA-E(G)) was stably cotransfected with the ecdysone receptor, together with the US sequences under the control of an ecdysone-inducible promoter. Biosynthesis of viral proteins was turned on by incubating transfectants with Ponasterone A. US6 down-regulated expression of all class I molecules, hampering target resistance to NK cell clones controlled by the CD94/NKG2A, KIR2DL2 and/or CD85j (ILT2 or LIR-1) inhibitory receptors. By contrast, US11 reduced the surface levels of class Ia molecules but preserved HLA-E; this rendered US11(+) cells sensitive to NK clones under the control of KIR2DL2 and/or CD85j, while their resistance to CD94/NKG2A(+)KIR2DL2(-) effector cells was maintained. US2 preserved as well HLA-E expression but selectively targeted class Ia molecules; in fact, HLA-A and HLA-C allotypes were down-modulated whereas HLA-B7 remained unaltered. US2(+) targets became sensitive to KIR2DL2(+) cells but remained resistant to CD94/NKG2A(+)CD85j(+) NK clones. The differential effects of US proteins on HLA class Ia and HLA-E likely reflect the evolutionary adaptation of HCMV to counteract NK-mediated surveillance.
Surgery for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the place for lung volume reduction and transplantation (2001)

Lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation have been shown to improve lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with advanced emphysema. Because the indications for both surgical procedures overlap, lung volume reduction surgery may be used as an alternative treatment or as a "bridge" to lung transplantation. In this article, we discuss patient selection, clinical outcome parameters, and the morbidity and mortality associated with each surgical procedure. We focus on the different preoperative predictors of good and poor outcomes after lung volume reduction surgery, the role of pulmonary rehabilitation, and the preferred surgical techniques for lung volume reduction surgery. An overview of the postoperative care of emphysema patients who undergo single-lung transplantation is also discussed.
Insights into the Lithium-Ion Conduction Mechanism of Garnet-Type Cubic Li5La3Ta2O12 by ab-Initio Calculations (2015)

Garnet-type solid electrolytes are a class of materials that could potentially revolutionize Li-ion battery technology. In this work, ab-initio-based MD simulations have been performed to investigate the ion dynamics in pure garnet-type cubic Li5La3Ta2O12 (LLTaO) over the temperature range from 873 to 1773 K. A strong tendency for disorder in the Li sublattice was verified for LLTaO that explains the relative ease of stabilizing the reported cubic phase for this material. The Li+ conduction mechanism was determined to be facilitated by a cooperative hopping process characterized by long, multiple-site successive hops with a very small time scale for fluctuations at intermediate positions. A comparative study is also carried out between LLTaO and garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZrO), another candidate solid electrolyte.
Noninvasive serum markers in the diagnosis of structural liver damage in chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2006)

Serum HA was the parameter that alone presented the best diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in CHC. The APRI showed a better diagnostic sensitivity than GGT levels or the AST/ALT ratio. Its simple determination and low cost make this index a valid alternative for the noninvasive staging of CHC.
Pre-eclampsia-like conditions produced by nitric oxide inhibition: effects of L-arginine, D-arginine and steroid hormones (1995)

The aim of this study was to establish that inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) results in high blood pressure conditions in chronically treated pregnant rats. To validate the model, the effects of L-arginine (the substrate for NO) and D-arginine (the stereoisomer of L-arginine which is not a substrate for NO synthesis) were studied on blood pressure and fetal weights. The effects of a progesterone agonist, promegestone (R5020) and 17 beta-oestradiol were also explored. The NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME was chronically infused s.c. into pregnant rats from day 17 of gestation, either alone or with the simultaneous infusion of L-arginine and injections of sex steroid hormones (promegestone and oestradiol), compounds that may act in the pathogenic pathways of pre-eclampsia. Systolic blood pressure was measured daily. Weight and mortality of pups were recorded immediately after delivery. Blood pressure was elevated significantly in rats treated with L-NAME for only 1 day following infusion; there was a consistent decline during the next 3 days of pregnancy followed by a dramatic and significant rise just prior to delivery and post-partum. Fetal weights were reduced significantly in the L-NAME-treated rats. Co-treatment of L-NAME-infused rats with L-arginine reversed both the increase in blood pressure and the decrease in fetal weights observed with L-NAME alone. R5020, but not oestradiol, also reduced blood pressure and increased fetal weights in the L-NAME-treated animals. NO appears to play essential roles in the regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as in fetal perfusion and fetal weights at delivery. This study also indicates that progesterone, and not oestrogen, may regulate the vascular adaptations during normal pregnancy. L-Arginine and progesterone agonists like promegestone may have beneficial effects on the high blood pressure levels and reduced fetal weights associated with pre-eclampsia.
GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 detoxification gene polymorphisms and their relationship with advanced stages of endometriosis in South Indian women (2005)

We observed an association between endometriosis and the GSTM1 null deletion, but not with GSTT1 null deletions or the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism in South Indian women.
Multiple Equilibrium Droplet Shapes and Design Criterion for Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces (2003)

The apparent contact angle on a rough surface is usually modeled by either Cassie's or Wenzel's theory. We show, on the basis of experimental evidence, that there can be two contact angles on the same rough surface, depending on how a drop is formed. A transition can occur between the different states by an external disturbance. This paper compares the theoretical prediction with matching experiments. This leads to the establishment of a design criterion for a robust hydrophobic rough surface on which the apparent contact angle will not change as a result of an external disturbance.