gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure to bacterial products renders macrophages highly susceptible to T-tropic HIV-1. (1998)

Microbial coinfections variably influence HIV-1 infection through immune activation or direct interaction of microorganisms with HIV-1 or its target cells. In this study, we investigated whether exposure of macrophages to bacterial products impacts the susceptibility of these cells to HIV-1 of different cellular tropisms. We demonstrate that () macrophages exposed to bacterial cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Gram-negative rods), lipoteichoic acid (Gram-positive cocci), and lipoarabinomannan (Mycobacteria) become highly susceptible to T cell (T)-tropic HIV-1 (which otherwise poorly replicate in macrophages) and variably susceptible to macrophage (M)-tropic HIV-1; () LPS-stimulated macrophages secrete a number of soluble factors (i.e., chemokines, interferon, and proinflammatory cytokines) that variably affect HIV infection of macrophages, depending on the virus phenotype in question; and () LPS-stimulated macrophages express CCR5 (a major coreceptor for M-tropic HIV-1) at lower levels and CXCR4 (a major coreceptor for T-tropic HIV-1) at higher levels compared with unstimulated macrophages. We hypothesize that a more favorable environment for T-tropic HIV-1 and a less favorable or even unfavorable environment for M-tropic HIV-1 secondary to exposure of macrophages to those bacterial products may accerelate a transition from M- to T-tropic viral phenotype, which is indicative of disease progression.
On the activation of human leuserpin-2, a thrombin inhibitor, by glycosaminoglycans. (1990)

Human leuserpin-2 (hLS2) cDNA variants generated by site-directed mutagenesis were expressed in a transient COS cell system. Functional analysis of the mutants revealed two regions in the NH2-terminal half of hLS2 which are essential for glycosaminoglycan-enhanced thrombin inhibition by hLS2. One of these regions, which encompasses a dimeric structure enriched in basic amino acids, is required for both glycosaminoglycan binding and glycosaminoglycan-mediated acceleration of thrombin inhibition. Deletion of another dimeric region, which spans a sequence with a high negative charge density, resulted in a strong reduction in the glycosaminoglycan-enhanced activity of hLS2. This polyanionic region displays structural and functional similarities to the COOH-terminal end of hirudin, another potent thrombin inhibitor, indicating that both inhibitors may have a common binding site on thrombin. Based on our observations we propose a model for the activation of hLS2 by glycosaminoglycans. The key feature of this model is the suggestion that the glycosaminoglycan-enhanced reaction between hLS2 and thrombin is mediated by at least two regions of contact, involving both the reactive center region and the acidic domain of hLS2. Binding of glycosaminoglycans to hLS2 is suggested to result first in the release of the acidic region from intramolecular interactions. Then, amino acid sequences in thrombin are proposed to interact with the acidic dimer of hLS2.
CRYSTALLINE HIGH POLYMERS OF α-OLEFINS (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCRYSTALLINE HIGH POLYMERS OF α-OLEFINSGiulio Natta, Piero Pino, Paolo Corradini, Ferdinando Danusso, Enrico Mantica, Giorgio Mazzanti, and Giovanni MoraglioCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1708–1710Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a109https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a109research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3737Altmetric-Citations868LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Eye Gaze Tracking Techniques Under Natural Head Movement (2007)

Most available remote eye gaze trackers have two characteristics that hinder them being widely used as the important computer input devices for human computer interaction. First, they have to be calibrated for each user individually; second, they have low tolerance for head movement and require the users to hold their heads unnaturally still. In this paper, by exploiting the eye anatomy, we propose two novel solutions to allow natural head movement and minimize the calibration procedure to only one time for a new individual. The first technique is proposed to estimate the 3-D eye gaze directly. In this technique, the cornea of the eyeball is modeled as a convex mirror. Via the properties of convex mirror, a simple method is proposed to estimate the 3-D optic axis of the eye. The visual axis, which is the true 3-D gaze direction of the user, can be determined subsequently after knowing the angle deviation between the visual axis and optic axis by a simple calibration procedure. Therefore, the gaze point on an object in the scene can be obtained by simply intersecting the estimated 3-D gaze direction with the object. Different from the first technique, our second technique does not need to estimate the 3-D eye gaze directly, and the gaze point on an object is estimated from a gaze mapping function implicitly. In addition, a dynamic computational head compensation model is developed to automatically update the gaze mapping function whenever the head moves. Hence, the eye gaze can be estimated under natural head movement. Furthermore, it minimizes the calibration procedure to only one time for a new individual. The advantage of the proposed techniques over the current state of the art eye gaze trackers is that it can estimate the eye gaze of the user accurately under natural head movement, without need to perform the gaze calibration every time before using it. Our proposed methods will improve the usability of the eye gaze tracking technology, and we believe that it represents an important step for the eye tracker to be accepted as a natural computer input device.
Targeted Deletion of a Distant Transcriptional Enhancer of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand Gene Reduces Bone Remodeling and Increases Bone Mass (2007)

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclast differentiation, and hormones and cytokines that stimulate bone resorption increase RANKL expression in stromal/osteoblastic cells. We have previously shown that PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) control murine RANKL gene expression in vitro, in part, via an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional enhancer, designated the distal control region (DCR), located 76 kb upstream from the transcription start site. Herein we describe the phenotype of mice lacking this enhancer. Deletion of the DCR reduced PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) stimulation of RANKL mRNA and osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow cultures as well as stimulation of RANKL mRNA in bone. DCR deletion also reduced basal RANKL mRNA levels in bone, thymus, and spleen. Moreover, mice lacking the DCR exhibited increased bone mass and strength. The increase in bone mass was due to reduced osteoclast and osteoblast formation leading to a low rate of bone remodeling similar to that observed in humans and mice with hypoparathyroidism. These findings demonstrate that hormonal control of RANKL expression via the DCR is a critical determinant of the rate of bone remodeling.
Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging (2010)

We have developed a non-invasive photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) for in vivo retinal imaging. PAOM detects the photoacoustic signal induced by pulsed laser light shined onto the retina. By using a stationary ultrasonic transducer in contact with the eyelids and scanning only the laser light across the retina, PAOM provides volumetric imaging of the retinal micro-vasculature and retinal pigment epithelium at a high speed. For B-scan frames containing 256 A-lines, the current PAOM has a frame rate of 93 Hz, which is comparable with state-of-the-art commercial spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). By integrating PAOM with SD-OCT, we further achieved OCT-guided PAOM, which can provide multi-modal retinal imaging simultaneously. The capabilities of this novel technology were demonstrated by imaging both the microanatomy and microvasculature of the rat retina in vivo.
“Paper Machine” for Molecular Diagnostics (2015)

Clinical tests based on primer-initiated amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences achieve high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Despite these desirable characteristics, these tests have not reached their full potential because their complexity and expense limit their usefulness to centralized laboratories. This paper describes a device that integrates sample preparation and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with end point detection using a hand-held UV source and camera phone. The prototype device integrates paper microfluidics (to enable fluid handling) and a multilayer structure, or a "paper machine", that allows a central patterned paper strip to slide in and out of fluidic path and thus allows introduction of sample, wash buffers, amplification master mix, and detection reagents with minimal pipetting, in a hand-held, disposable device intended for point-of-care use in resource-limited environments. This device creates a dynamic seal that prevents evaporation during incubation at 65 °C for 1 h. This interval is sufficient to allow a LAMP reaction for the Escherichia coli malB gene to proceed with an analytical sensitivity of 1 double-stranded DNA target copy. Starting with human plasma spiked with whole, live E. coli cells, this paper demonstrates full integration of sample preparation with LAMP amplification and end point detection with a limit of detection of 5 cells. Further, it shows that the method used to prepare sample enables concentration of DNA from sample volumes commonly available from fingerstick blood draw.
Unraveling the Structure of IL-2 (1992)

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ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XX. SYNTHESES OF THIOKETONES (1978)

Abstract Aus Anisol (I) und P481′, wird die Verbindung (II) dargestellt und mit den Ketonen (III) zu den Thionen (IV) umgesetzt.
Deep Learning (2017)

You don’t need to be nervous though. As Deep Learning is still an extension of the neural network, most of what you previously read is applicable. Therefore, you don’t have many additional concepts to learn.
Intercepted Radiation at Flowering and Kernel Number in Maize (2000)

When water and nutrients are not limiting growth, kernel number per plant (KNP) can be calculated for maize ( Zea mays L.) using linear models based on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation per plant (IPARP). These models do not include the concept of a threshold IPARP for KNP. Our objective was to study the response of KNP to IPARP in order to improve current models. Published information from several field experiments, performed with two maize hybrids in the temperate region of Argentina, was used for the analysis. Both linear and curvilinear (inverse linear and exponential) models based on IPARP explained more than 75% of the variability in KNP and kernel number per apical ear (KNA). Curvilinear models gave a better fit at low (&lt;0.5 MJ plant −1 d −1 ) and intermediate (1.3‐2 MJ plant −1 d −1 ) values of IPARP than a simple two‐line linear model. Models allowed the estimation of maximum KNA and maximum KNP, and the minimum IPARP to reach them, but only curvilinear models allowed the estimation of a threshold IPARP (0.31‐0.37 MJ plant −1 d −1 ) to avoid plant barrenness. The inverse linear model gave a better prediction of maximum kernel number than the other two models. The exponential model allowed a better estimation of the initial value (2.16 MJ plant −1 d −1 ) for expressing prolificacy (ears plant −1 ) &gt; 1. The relationship between KNP and IPARP did not improve when IPARP was expressed on a thermal time basis ( photothermal quotient ), probably because air temperature did not vary much among the situations explored in this work.
The Microbial Engines That Drive Earth's Biogeochemical Cycles (2008)

Virtually all nonequilibrium electron transfers on Earth are driven by a set of nanobiological machines composed largely of multimeric protein complexes associated with a small number of prosthetic groups. These machines evolved exclusively in microbes early in our planet's history yet, despite their antiquity, are highly conserved. Hence, although there is enormous genetic diversity in nature, there remains a relatively stable set of core genes coding for the major redox reactions essential for life and biogeochemical cycles. These genes created and coevolved with biogeochemical cycles and were passed from microbe to microbe primarily by horizontal gene transfer. A major challenge in the coming decades is to understand how these machines evolved, how they work, and the processes that control their activity on both molecular and planetary scales.
The value of fast and ultrafast T2-weighted MR imaging sequences in hepatic enhancement with ferumoxides: comparison with conventional spin-echo sequence. (2000)

Although TSE sequences and HASTE sequences are less susceptible to magnetic field inhomogeneities than SE and EPI sequences, the decrease in liver signal on HASTE and TSE sequences was comparable to that on EPI and SE sequences, respectively. These sequences are useful clinically for ferumoxides imaging, because they are less sensitive to motion artifacts.
Differential Expression of Potato Tuber Protein Genes (1990)

Patatin and the 22-kilodalton protein complex make up more than 50% of the soluble protein present in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and these two proteins are coordinately regulated during tuber development. Although genomic sequences related to these tuber genes exist in the genome of potato species that do not bear tubers, they cannot be induced into expression under the tested conditions. These genes are not expressed during substantial starch accumulation in petioles from a model petiole-leaf cutting system in nontuber-bearing plants, indicating that starch accumulation and synthesis of the major tuber proteins occur independently. Tuber protein gene expression also has been examined in hybrid potato plants that contain genomes from both tuberizing and nontuberizing species. One such triploid hybrid produced only stolons, whereas a pentaploid hybrid with an increased number of tuber genomes produced tubers. It was shown, using immunoblotting and Northern blot hybridization, that these two hybrids actively expressed both patatin and the 22-kilodalton tuber protein in induced petioles from the leaf-cutting system. The induced accumulation of patatin transcripts was consistent in all genotypes containing some tuberizing genome. The induced accumulation of the 22-kilodalton protein transcripts, however, was lower in genotypes containing some nontuberizing genome. Sucrose induction of these genes in leaves corroborates the induction patterns in petioles. A correlation exists between 22-kilodalton protein gene expression and a potato plant's ability to produce stolons or tubers.
Maximizing particle concentration in deterministic lateral displacement arrays (2017)

We present an improvement to deterministic lateral displacement arrays, which allows higher particle concentration enhancement. We correct and extend previous equations to a mirror-symmetric boundary. This approach allows particles to be concentrated into a central channel, no wider than the surrounding gaps, thereby maximizing the particle enrichment. The resulting flow patterns were, for the first time, experimentally measured. The performance of the device with hard micro-spheres and cells was investigated. The observed flow patterns show important differences from our model and from an ideal pattern. The 18 <i>μ</i>m gap device showed 11-fold enrichment of 7 <i>μ</i>m particles and nearly perfect enrichment-of more than 50-fold-for 10 <i>μ</i>m particles and Jurkat cells. This work shows a clear path to achieve higher-than-ever particle concentration enhancement in a deterministic microfluidic separation system.
Painting and Printing Living Bacteria: Engineering Nanoporous Biocatalytic Coatings to Preserve Microbial Viability and Intensify Reactivity (2007)

Latex biocatalytic coatings containing approximately 50% by volume of microorganisms stabilize, concentrate and preserve cell viability on surfaces at ambient temperature. Coatings can be formed on a variety of surfaces, delaminated to generate stand-alone membranes or formulated as reactive inks for piezoelectric deposition of viable microbes. As the latex emulsion dries, cell preservation by partial desiccation occurs simultaneously with the formation of pores and adhesion to the substrate. The result is living cells permanently entrapped, surrounded by nanopores generated by partially coalesced polymer particles. Nanoporosity is essential for preserving microbial viability and coating reactivity. Cryo-SEM methods have been developed to visualize hydrated coating microstructure, confocal microscopy and dispersible coating methods have been developed to quantify the activity of the entrapped cells, and FTIR methods are being developed to determine the structure of vitrified biomolecules within and surrounding the cells in dry coatings. Coating microstructure, stability and reactivity are investigated using small patch or strip coatings where bacteria are concentrated 102- to 103-fold in 5-75 microm thick layers with pores formed by carbohydrate porogens. The carbohydrate porogens also function as osmoprotectants and are postulated to preserve microbial viability by formation of glasses inside the microbes during coat drying; however, the molecular mechanism of cell preservation by latex coatings is not known. Emerging applications include coatings for multistep oxidations, photoreactive coatings, stabilization of hyperthermophiles, environmental biosensors, microbial fuel cells, as reaction zones in microfluidic devices, or as very high intensity (>100 g.L-1 coating volume.h-1) industrial or environmental biocatalysts. We anticipate expanded use of nanoporous adhesive coatings for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell preservation at ambient temperature and the design of highly reactive "living" paints and inks.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Restored Denver Peritoneovenous Shunt Patency Using Urokinase (1989)

Denver peritoneovenous shunts provide effective therapy in intractable ascites by diverting the ascitid fluid into the venous circulation. The Denver shunt consists of a peritoneal catheter, a pump chamber with a one-way valve allowing active pumping of fluid by the patient, and a venous catheter. In cases of occlusion, fibrinolytic agents are used to restore shunt patency. The patency of a Denver shunt can be easily assessed by radionuclide imaging.
Novel Methyltransferase Activity Modifying the Carboxy Terminal Bis(geranylgeranyl)-Cys-Ala-Cys Structure of Small GTP-Binding Proteins (1994)

Proteins containing CX3, CXC, and CC (where C is cysteine and X is undefined) undergo posttranslational isoprenylation at their cysteine residues. In the case of proteins which terminate in CX3, proteolytic removal of X3 is followed by the carboxymethylation of the isoprenylated cysteine residue. CXC proteins also undergo C-terminal methylation. The present study addresses the question of whether this methylation is catalyzed by a different isoprenylated protein methyltransferase than that previously described for CX3 proteins. The S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) dependent methylation of a small peptide-N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteinyl-L-alanyl-S-geranylgeranyl- L- cysteine (Ac(GG)CysAla(GG)Cys)--was investigated using membranes from a variety of bovine tissues as sources of enzyme. Ac(GG)CysAla(GG)Cys was a substrate for methylation, while Ac(GG)Cys(GG)Cys was not. Reciprocal inhibition studies on the methylation reactions of the CXC peptide and of N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (AFC), a previously described methyltransferase substrate, suggested that these reactions are catalyzed by distinct enzymatic activities. Farnesylthioacetic acid (FTA), a potent competitive inhibitor of the methylation of AFC, did not inhibit the methylation of the CXC peptide. Moreover the KI values for S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylethionine inhibition differed for the two enzymatic activities. These data indicate that more than one AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase is involved in the carboxymethylation of isoprenylated proteins.
Hydroxychloroquine in psoriatic arthropathy: exacerbations of psoriatic skin lesions. (1982)

Antimalarial therapy in psoriatic arthritis was felt to be contraindicated traditionally due to frequent exacerbation of psoriatic skin disease. Interest in hydroxychloroquine treatment of psoriatic arthritis has been revived because of recent series found no exacerbation of psoriatic skin lesions in 50 psoriatic arthropathy patients treated with hydroxychloroquine. A psoriatic arthropathy patient whose skin lesions were markedly exacerbated by hydroxychloroquine is reported. The literature on antimalarial effects on psoriatic skin lesions is briefly discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of WHI3, a Size-Control Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)

WHI3 is a gene affecting size control and cell cycle in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The whi3 mutant has small cells, while extra doses of WHI3 produce large cells, and a large excess of WHI3 produces a lethal arrest in G1 phase. WHI3 seems to be a dose-dependent inhibitor of Start. Whi3 and its partially redundant homolog Whi4 have an RNA-binding domain, and mutagenesis experiments indicate that this RNA-binding domain is essential for Whi3 function. CLN3-1 whi3 cells are extremely small, nearly sterile, and largely nonresponsive to mating factor. Fertility is restored by deletion of CLN2, suggesting that whi3 cells may have abnormally high levels of CLN2 function.
Role of storage time of red blood cells on microcirculation and tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients (2009)

Large-scale prospective randomized trials are needed to explicitly clarify the role of new transfusion triggers, such as tissue oxygenation, and the impact of storage lesions of packed red blood cells on tissue oxygenation and--more important--on clinical outcomes in different patient populations.