gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase in soluble CD4 binding to and CD4-induced dissociation of gp120 from virions correlates with infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1994)

Mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, previously shown to confer an enhanced replicative capacity and broadened host range to the ELI1 strain of HIV-1, were analyzed for their biochemical effects on envelope structure and function. The tendency of purified virions to release their extracellular gp120 component, either spontaneously or after interacting with soluble CD4 (CD4-induced shedding) was assessed. A single amino acid substitution in part of the CD4 binding site of gp120 (Gly-427 to Arg) enhanced both spontaneous and CD4-induced shedding of gp120 from virions, while a single change in the fusogenic region of gp41 (Met-7 to Val) affected only CD4-induced shedding. Although each codon change alone conferred increased growth ability, virus with both mutations exhibited the most rapid replication kinetics. In addition, when both of these mutations were present, virions had the highest tendency to shed gp120, both spontaneously and after exposure to soluble CD4. Analysis of CD4 binding to virion-associated gp120 showed that the changes in both gp120 and gp41 contributed to increased binding. These results demonstrated that the increased replicative capacity of the ELI variants in human CD4+ cell lines was associated with altered physical and functional properties of the virion envelope glycoproteins.
Burkholderia mallei Cluster 1 Type VI Secretion Mutants Exhibit Growth and Actin Polymerization Defects in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages (2009)

Burkholderia mallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe disease in animals and humans. Recent studies have shown that the cluster 1 type VI secretion system (T6SS-1) expressed by this organism is essential for survival in a hamster model of glanders. To better understand the role of T6SS-1 in the pathogenesis of disease, studies were initiated to examine the interactions of B. mallei tssE mutants with RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Results obtained by utilizing modified gentamicin protection assays indicated that although the tssE mutants were able to survive within RAW 264.7 cells, significant growth defects were observed in comparison to controls. In addition, analysis of infected monolayers by differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the tssE mutants lacked the ability to induce multinucleated giant cell formation. Via the use of fluorescence microscopy, tssE mutants were shown to undergo escape from lysosome-associated membrane protein 1-positive vacuoles. Curiously, however, following entry into the cytosol, the mutants exhibited actin polymerization defects resulting in inefficient intra- and intercellular spread characteristics. Importantly, all mutant phenotypes observed in this study could be restored by complementation. Based upon these findings, it appears that T6SS-1 plays a critical role in growth and actin-based motility following uptake of B. mallei by RAW 264.7 cells.
Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in mouse embryos lacking fibronectin (1993)

To examine the role of fibronectin in vivo, we have generated mice in which the fibronectin gene is inactivated. Heterozygotes have one half normal levels of plasma fibronectin, yet appear normal. When homozygous, the mutant allele causes early embryonic lethality, proving that fibronectin is required for embryogenesis. However, homozygous mutant embryos implant and initiate gastrulation normally including extensive mesodermal movement. Neural folds also form but the mutant embryos subsequently display shortened anterior-posterior axes, deformed neural tubes and severe defects in mesodermally derived tissues. Notochord and somites are absent; the heart and embryonic vessels are variable and deformed, and the yolk sac, extraembryonic vasculature and amnion are also defective. These abnormalities can be interpreted as arising from fundamental deficits in mesodermal migration, adhesion, proliferation or differentiation as a result of the absence of fibronectin. The nature of these embryonic defects leads to reevaluation of suggested roles for fibronectin during early development based on results obtained in vitro and in embryos of other species.
Comparison of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) with autogenous vein as a nerve conduit in rat sciatic nerve defects. (2004)

It was experimentally demonstrated that ePTFE tube could be considered an alternative to autogenous vein graft to bridge small nerve defects.
Sodium diffusion barrier coatings prepared by sol-gel method (2008)

In the case of electrically conducting layers prepared on a glass substrate, sodium diffuses into the SnO2 film and deteriorates their electric properties. Sodium barrier diffusion properties of thin layers based on SiO2, and SiO2 modified by various contents of Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, prepared by sol–gel, have been the subject of this study. Morphology and optical properties of the coatings have been analyzed. XPS technique has been used to evaluate the barrier properties of prepared coatings by measuring sodium 1s peak changes after thermal treatment of the coating. The best properties have been obtained for the coating based on SiO2–Al2O3 system and containing 0.08 mol of Al. It has been found that blocking properties of the coating are mainly connected with its microstructure. The role of added modifiers lies in changing the microstructure of formed gel.
Hydrophobic effects on simple organic reactions in water (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrophobic effects on simple organic reactions in waterRonald BreslowCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 6, 159–164Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00006a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00006a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6238Altmetric-Citations1078LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Neuropilin 1 as an Antitumor Strategy in Lung Cancer (2007)

NRP1 is a cancer invasion and angiogenesis enhancer. NRP1 expression is an independent predictor of cancer relapse and poor survival in NSCLC patients. NRP1 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, cancer invasion, and angiogenesis through VEGF, PI3K, and Akt pathways. NRP1 may have potential as a new therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Inflammation-related factors predicting prognosis of gastric cancer (2014)

Gastric cancer (GC), which is mainly induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the developing world. Active inflammation initiated by H. pylori infection and maintained by inherent immune disorders promotes carcinogenesis and postoperative recurrence. However, the presence with H. pylori in tumors has been linked to a better prognosis, possibly due to the induction of antitumor immunity. Tumor infiltrations of tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are correlated with poor prognosis. Tumor infiltrating CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and CD45RO T cells are generally associated with good prognosis of GC, although some subsets of these immune cells have inverse prognosis prediction values. High ratios of Foxp3(+)/CD4(+) and Foxp3(+)/CD8(+) in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis; whereas high Th1/Th2 ratio in tumors predicts a good prognosis. High levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-32, and chemokine C-C motif ligands (CCL)7 and CCL21 in circulation, high expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4, chemokine C-C motif receptor (CCR)3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, signal transducer activator of transcription-3, cyclooxygenase-2, and orphan nuclear receptor 4A2 in tumors are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, MMP-7, and MMP-11 and increased levels of MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-21 in tumors are consistently associated with poor survival of GC. Further emphasis should be put on the integration of these biomarkers and validation in large cohorts for personalized prediction of GC postoperative prognosis.
Click chemistry mediated synthesis of bio-inspired phosphonyl-functionalized ionic liquids (2014)

The key objective of this work is to develop bio-inspired ionic liquids that are highly lipophilic <italic>via</italic> “click” chemistry.
Oral Streptococci... Products of Their Environment (1998)

Microbial biofilms form on oral surfaces. These biofilms usually exist in dynamic equilibria with host defenses and are compatible with maintenance of the integrity of the target tissues. Disease occurs when the composition and the metabolic activities of complex communities in biofilms are perturbed. These ecologically driven changes in oral biofilms result in increases in the proportions of pathogenic micro-organisms, which possess enzymatic and structural determinants that may render them more virulent than organisms associated with oral health. This brief review focuses on key environmental influences, and genetic and physiologic aspects of bacteria associated with the formation of dental caries, and attempts to identify some areas of oral microbiology in which interdisciplinary efforts will be essential for dissection of the molecular events controlling the development and persistence of pathogenic plaques. The focus is on strategies to enhance fundamental knowledge of oral biofilm composition, structure, and activities, with the rationale that broadly effective therapeutic strategies targeted at plaque physiology, or at biofilm development and persistence, can arise from such knowledge.
Synthesis of 3′-O-(ω-aminoalkoxymethyl)thymidine 5′-triphosphates, terminators of DNA synthesis that enable 3′-labelling (1994)

Treatment of 5′-O-benzoylthymidine 1 with a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide yielded 5′-O-benzoyl-3′-O-methylthiomethylthymidine 2, which was converted via the 3′O-bromomethyl derivative into 3′-O-(ω-aminoalkoxymethyl)thymidines 7 bearing a 6, 8 or 10 methylene groups long hydrocarbon chain, and finally to their 5′-triphosphates 10. The latter compounds were shown to be terminators of DNA synthesis catalysed by thermostable Tet/z DNA-polymerase, and may be labelled at the aliphatic amino group with fluorescent probes.
Detailed implosion modeling of deuterium-tritium layered experiments on the National Ignition Facility (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. S. Clark, D. E. Hinkel, D. C. Eder, O. S. Jones, S. W. Haan, B. A. Hammel, M. M. Marinak, J. L. Milovich, H. F. Robey, L. J. Suter, R. P. J. Town; Detailed implosion modeling of deuterium-tritium layered experiments on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 1 May 2013; 20 (5): 056318. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4802194 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioPhysics of Plasmas Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Über Isonitrone (1958)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Schiffschen Basen mit Persäuren wurden sogenannte Isonitrone, Isomere der bekannten Nitrone, dargestellt. Aus dem physikalischchemischen Verhalten, insbesondere aus optischen Messungen, geht hervor, daß die Isonitrone die Stickstoffanaloga der 1.2‐Epoxyde sind.
Evaluation methods for unsupervised word embeddings (2015)

We present a comprehensive study of evaluation methods for unsupervised embedding techniques that obtain meaningful representations of words from text. Different evaluations result in different orderings of embedding methods, calling into question the common assumption that there is one single optimal vector representation. We present new evaluation techniques that directly compare embeddings with respect to specific queries. These methods reduce bias, provide greater insight, and allow us to solicit data-driven relevance judgments rapidly and accurately through crowdsourcing.
RET/PTC Translocations and Clinico-Pathological Features in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2012)

Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent endocrine cancer accounting for 5-10% of thyroid nodules. Papillary histotype (PTC) is the most prevalent form accounting for 80% of all thyroid carcinoma. Although much is known about its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, and biological behavior, the only documented risk factor for PTC is the ionizing radiation exposure. Rearrangements of the Rearranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene are found in PTC and have been shown to play a pathogenic role. The first RET rearrangement, named RET/PTC, was discovered in 1987. This rearrangement constitutively activates the transcription of the RET tyrosine-kinase domain in follicular cell, thus triggering the signaling along the MAPK pathway and an uncontrolled proliferation. Up to now, 13 different types of RET/PTC rearrangements have been reported but the two most common are RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3. Ionizing radiations are responsible for the generation of RET/PTC rearrangements, as supported by in vitro studies and by the evidence that RET/PTC, and particularly RET/PTC3, are highly prevalent in radiation induced PTC. However, many thyroid tumors without any history of radiation exposure harbor similar RET rearrangements. The overall prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements varies from 20 to 70% of PTCs and they are more frequent in childhood than in adulthood thyroid cancer. Controversial data have been reported on the relationship between RET/PTC rearrangements and the PTC prognosis. RET/PTC3 is usually associated with a more aggressive phenotype and in particular with a greater tumor size, the solid variant, and a more advanced stage at diagnosis which are all poor prognostic factors. In contrast, RET/PTC1 rearrangement does not correlate with any clinical-pathological characteristics of PTC. Moreover, the RET protein and mRNA expression level did not show any correlation with the outcome of patients with PTC and no correlation between RET/PTC rearrangements and the expression level of the thyroid differentiation genes was observed. Recently, a diagnostic role of RET/PTC rearrangements has been proposed. It can be searched for in the mRNA extracted from cytological sample especially in case with indeterminate cytology. However, both the fact that it can be present in a not negligible percentage of benign cases and the technical challenge in extracting mRNA from cytological material makes this procedure not applicable at routine level, at least for the moment.
Effects of sound intensity on a midlatency evoked response to repeated auditory stimuli in schizophrenic and normal subjects (1995)

Inhibitory gating of response to repeated stimuli is demonstrated by several event-related potentials, including the auditory P50 wave. The present study examined the effects of variation in sound intensity on this phenomenon in schizophrenics and normal subjects. Paired clicks, 500 ms apart, were presented 50 dB above threshold to 10 normal subjects and 10 schizophrenics. The normal subjects demonstrated significantly more decrement of response to the second stimulus than did the schizophrenics. When the sounds were noticeably louder(70 dB above threshold), no such difference was observed. Rather, both groups had similarly diminished gating of response. A significant difference between schizophrenics and normal subjects was also observed when the sounds were 30 dB above threshold, but the difference was smaller than that at 50 dB. At any stimulus intensity, concomitant eye movements led to loss of gating of P50 in the normal subjects.
Molecular Cloning of Mitogen-activated Protein/ERK Kinase Kinases (MEKK) 2 and 3 (1996)

Mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) phosphorylate and activate protein kinases which in turn phosphorylate and activate the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun/stress-activated protein kinases (JNKs), and p38/Hog1 kinase. We have isolated the cDNAs for two novel mammalian MEKKs (MEKK 2 and 3). MEKK 2 and 3 encode proteins of 69.7 and 71 kDa, respectively. The kinase domains encoded in the COOH-terminal moiety are 94% conserved; the NH2-terminal moieties are approximately 65% homologous, suggesting this region may encode sequences conferring differential regulation of the two kinases. Expression of MEKK 2 or 3 in HEK293 cells results in activation of p42/44MAPK and JNK but not of p38/Hog1 kinase. Immunoprecipitated MEKK 2 phosphorylated the MAP kinase kinases, MEK 1, and JNK kinase. Titration of MEKK 2 and 3 expression in transfection assays indicated that MEKK 2 preferentially activated JNK while MEKK 3 preferentially activated p42/44MAPK. These findings define a family of MEKK proteins capable of regulating sequential protein kinase pathways involving MAPK members.
Identification of breakpoints in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia and isolation of a fusion transcript, AML1/ETO, with similarity to Drosophila segmentation gene, runt (1992)

We have developed a restriction map of the chromosome 21 breakpoint region involved in t(8;21)(q22;q22.3) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and have isolated a genomic junction clone containing chromosome 8 and 21 material. Using probes from these regions, rearrangements have been identified in each of nine cases of t(8;21) AML examined. In addition, we have isolated cDNA clones from a t(8;21) AML cDNA library that contain fused sequences from chromosome 8 and 21. The chromosome 8 component, referred to as ETO (for eight twenty-one), is encoded over a large genomic region, as suggested by the analysis of corresponding yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). The DNA sequence of the chromosome 21 portion of the fusion transcript is derived from the normal AML1 gene. A striking similarity (67% identity over 387 bp, with a corresponding 69% amino acid identity) was detected between AML1 and the Drosophila segmentation gene, runt. The critical consequence of the translocation is the juxtaposition of 5' sequences of AML1 to 3' sequences of ETO, oriented telomere to centromere on the der(8) chromosome.
Plasma amino‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with suspected acute coronary syndrome: possible role in selecting patients for follow up? (2001)

Although elevated NT-proBNP level detected heart failure with high sensitivity, NT-proBNP level did not assist in the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischaemia. These findings indicate that the major determinant of elevated NT-proBNP level on presentation with suspected ACS was underlying cardiac dysfunction rather than acute myocardial ischaemia. This suggests that NT-proBNP measurement in patients with a suspected cardiac reason for presentation to the Emergency Department may identify a previously unrecognized group of patients without acute ischaemia who may nevertheless benefit from further investigation of cardiac function.
A Photoaffinity-labeled Green Leaf Volatile Compound 'Tricks' Highly Selective and Sensitive Insect Olfactory Receptor Neurons (2001)

The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllopertha diversa, is emitted by females and specifically detected by olfactory receptor neurons in the male and female antennae. Single sensillum recordings showed that, in contrast to the less sensitive pheromone sensilla in females, olfactory receptor neurons in the male antennae had a low threshold (1 ng), which rivals those of moths. The male and female antennae also possessed olfactory receptor neurons specific for the detection of floral and green leaf volatile compounds. Detectors for the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate had a threshold (10 pg) far below the sensitivity of the pheromone-detecting machinery. In addition, these neurons showed a remarkable selectivity even when challenged with related compounds at 10000-fold higher concentrations. Surprisingly, a diazo analog, (Z)-3-hexenyl diazoacetate, elicited slightly higher nervous activity than the natural ligand in the neurons specific and selective for (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. The inability of the green leaf volatile-detecting machinery to discriminate the photoaffinity-labeled compound from the natural product indicates that the synthetic ligand interacts with odorant-binding protein, odorant receptor and odorant-degrading enzyme as does the cognate ligand.
Stability of Stereoregular Oligo(nucleoside Phosphorothioate)s in Human Plasma: Diastereoselectivity of Plasma 3‵-Exonuclease (1997)

The stability of stereoregular oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s (PS-oligos) in human plasma has been studied. 3'-Exonuclease present in human plasma appeared to be RP specific, that is, it cleaves internucleotide phosphorothioate linkages of [RP]-configuration and not those of [SP]-configuration. Therefore, PS-oligos containing all phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages of [RP]-configuration [RP-PS-oligos]) are more effectively degraded by the enzyme than PS-oligos prepared via nonstereo-controlled methods (so-called random mixture of diastereomers [Mix-PS-oligos]), whereas oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s of [S(P)]-configuration remain intact. The enzyme activity depends on the sequence of nucleobases. The presence of deoxycytidine units (three or more residues) at the 3'-end of PS-oligo substrate significantly inhibits the enzyme activity.