gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor Mediated Gene Transfer (1999)

At present, the deciding factors for progress in somatic gene therapy are the development of efficient and safe delivery systems. Nonviral gene transfer formulations [1–3], although not reaching the efficiencies of viral vectors, have been introduced already into clinical in vivo gene therapies. Nonviral systems are attractive for the following reasons: (i) they may be very flexible with respect to the size of DNA to be transported; (ii) in contrast to biological systems, the entire diversity of chemical reactions and physical interactions under non-physiological conditions may be utilized for the synthesis and assembly of transfection material; (iii) plasmid DNA and synthetic transfection reagents can be produced at large scale with low costs; and (iv) safety testing of synthetic material can be far less laborious than testing of recombinant material.
Somatosensory cortical map changes following digit amputation in adult monkeys (1984)

The cortical representations of the hand in area 3b in adult owl monkeys were defined with use of microelectrode mapping techniques 2-8 months after surgical amputation of digit 3, or of both digits 2 and 3. Digital nerves were tied to prevent their regeneration within the amputation stump. Successive maps were derived in several monkeys to determine the nature of changes in map organization in the same individuals over time. In all monkeys studied, the representations of adjacent digits and palmar surfaces expanded topographically to occupy most or all of the cortical territories formerly representing the amputated digit(s). With the expansion of the representations of these surrounding skin surfaces (1) there were severalfold increases in their magnification and (2) roughly corresponding decreases in receptive field areas. Thus, with increases in magnification, surrounding skin surfaces were represented in correspondingly finer grain, implying that the rule relating receptive field overlap to separation in distance across the cortex (see Sur et al., '80) was dynamically maintained as receptive fields progressively decreased in size. These studies also revealed that: the discontinuities between the representations of the digits underwent significant translocations (usually by hundreds of microns) after amputation, and sharp new discontinuous boundaries formed where usually separated, expanded digital representations (e.g., of digits 1 and 4) approached each other in the reorganizing map, implying that these map discontinuities are normally dynamically maintained. Changes in receptive field sizes with expansion of representations of surrounding skin surfaces into the deprived cortical zone had a spatial distribution and time course similar to changes in sensory acuity on the stumps of human amputees. This suggests that experience-dependent map changes result in changes in sensory capabilities. The major topographic changes were limited to a cortical zone 500-700 micron on either side of the initial boundaries of the representation of the amputated digits. More distant regions did not appear to reorganize (i.e., were not occupied by inputs from surrounding skin surfaces) even many months after amputation. The representations of some skin surfaces moved in entirety to locations within the former territories of representation of amputated digits in every monkey studied. In man, no mislocation errors or perceptual distortions result from stimulation of surfaces surrounding a digital amputation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ferric Gluconate Is Highly Efficacious in Anemic Hemodialysis Patients with High Serum Ferritin and Low Transferrin Saturation (2007)

Few data exist to guide treatment of anemic hemodialysis patients with high ferritin and low transferrin saturation (TSAT). The Dialysis Patients' Response to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ferric gluconate in such patients. Inclusion criteria were hemoglobin <or=11 g/dl, ferritin 500 to 1200 ng/ml, TSAT <or=25%, and epoetin dosage >or=225 IU/kg per wk or >or=22,500 IU/wk. Patients with known infections or recent significant blood loss were excluded. Participants (n=134) were randomly assigned to no iron (control) or to ferric gluconate 125 mg intravenously with eight consecutive hemodialysis sessions (intravenous iron). At randomization, epoetin was increased 25% in both groups; further dosage changes were prohibited. At 6 wk, hemoglobin increased significantly more (P=0.028) in the intravenous iron group (1.6 +/- 1.3 g/dl) than in the control group (1.1 +/- 1.4 g/dl). Hemoglobin response occurred faster (P=0.035) and more patients responded after intravenous iron than in the control group (P=0.041). Ferritin <or=800 or >800 ng/ml had no relationship to the magnitude or likelihood of responsiveness to intravenous iron relative to the control group. Similarly, the superiority of intravenous iron compared with no iron was similar whether baseline TSAT was above or below the study median of 19%. Ferritin decreased in control subjects (-174 +/- 225 ng/ml) and increased after intravenous iron (173 +/- 272 ng/ml; P<0.001). Intravenous iron resulted in a greater increase in TSAT than in control subjects (7.5 +/- 7.4 versus 1.8 +/- 5.2%; P<0.001). Reticulocyte hemoglobin content fell only in control subjects, suggesting worsening iron deficiency. Administration of ferric gluconate (125 mg for eight treatments) is superior to no iron therapy in anemic dialysis patients receiving adequate epoetin dosages and have a ferritin 500 to 1200 ng/ml and TSAT <or=25%.
Insulin-like growth factor-I protects colon cancer cells from death factor-induced apoptosis by potentiating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling pathways. (2000)

Resistance of cancer cells against apoptosis induced by death factors contributes to the limited efficiency of immune- and drug-induced destruction of tumors. We report here that insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) fully protect HT29-D4 colon carcinoma cells from IFN-gamma/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induced apoptosis. Survival signaling initiated by IGF-I was not dependent on the canonical survival pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. In addition, neither pp70(S6K) nor protein kinase C conveyed IGF-I antiapoptotic function. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) with the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD098059 and MAPK/p38 with the specific inhibitor SB203580 partially reversed, in a nonadditive manner, the IGF-I survival effect. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity by preventing degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha) with BAY 11-7082 also blocked in part the IGF-I antiapoptotic effect. However, the complete reversal of the IGF-I effect was obtained only when NF-kappaB and either MAPK/ERK or MAPK/p38 were inhibited together. Because these pathways are also those used by TNF to signal inflammation and survival, these data point to a cross talk between IGF-I- and TNF-induced signaling. We further report that TNF-induced IL-8 production was indeed strongly enhanced upon IGF-I addition, and this effect was totally abrogated by both MAPK and NF-kappaB inhibitors. The IGF-I antiapoptotic function was stimulus-dependent because Fas- and IFN/Fas-induced apoptosis was not efficiently inhibited by IGF-I. This was correlated with the weak ability of Fas ligation to enhance IL-8 production in the presence or absence of IGF-I. These findings indicate that the antiapoptotic function of IGF-I in HT29-D4 cells is based on the enhancement of the survival pathways initiated by TNF, but not Fas, and mediated by MAPK/p38, MAPK/ERK, and NF-kappaB, which act in concert to suppress the proapoptotic signals. In agreement with this model, we show that it was possible to render HT29-D4 cells resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis provided that IGF-I and TNF receptors were activated simultaneously.
Microvascular permeability and interstitial penetration of sterically stabilized (stealth) liposomes in a human tumor xenograft. (1994)

Microvascular permeability and interstitial penetration of sterically stabilized liposomes in both normal s.c. tissue and human colon adenocarcinoma LS174T xenograft were quantified by using the dorsal skin-fold chamber implanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Significant extravascular accumulation was the dominant feature of liposome distribution in tumors, whereas only minimal intramural accumulation in postcapillary and collecting venules was observed in normal s.c. tissue. The extravasated liposomes in tumors distributed heterogeneously and formed perivascular clusters that did not move significantly and could be observed for up to 1 week. The effective permeability of tumor vessels to liposomes (2.0 +/- 1.6 x 10(-8) cm/s; n = 23) was six times smaller than that to bovine serum albumin (1.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(-7) cm/s; n = 6). These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of transendothelial pathways of liposomes and improvements in liposome-mediated drug delivery.
Particularidades de los actos de comunicación en la LEC, tras las reformas de la LO 1/2009 y Ley 13/2009 (2010)

Cuando se hace referencia al concepto de notificacion hay que distinguir dos acepciones de la misma, por un lado, nos encontrariamos las notificaciones en sentido estricto y, por otro lado, nos encontramos las notificaciones en sentido amplio. Partiendo de este sentido amplio mencionado vamos a tratar el tema mas novedoso, contemplado en la reforma, como es la posibilidad de la practica de actos de comunicacion por el procurador.
Essential Atlas of Infectious Diseases (2001)

Featuring more than 400 superb full-color illustrations, this atlas is a complete collection of visual clues to aid in diagnosis and management of patients with infectious diseases. Ten renowned editors have put together a uniquely instructive reference that is invaluable for all clinicians in the front lines of medical care, including infectious disease and primary care physicians and residents.The atlas includes beautifully reproduced illustrations of skin and mucous membrane lesions, eye findings, radiographs, gram stains, culture plates, insect vectors, body fluid preparations, and biopsy specimens. This Second Edition incorporates current information on changing patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility and new antimicrobial agents
Cu2(ATC)·6H2O:  Design of Open Metal Sites in Porous Metal−Organic Crystals (ATC:  1,3,5,7-Adamantane Tetracarboxylate) (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCu2(ATC)·6H2O: Design of Open Metal Sites in Porous Metal−Organic Crystals (ATC: 1,3,5,7-Adamantane Tetracarboxylate)Banglin Chen, M. Eddaoudi, T. M. Reineke, J. W. Kampf, M. O'Keeffe, and O. M. YaghiView Author Information Materials Design and Discovery Group Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 46, 11559–11560Publication Date (Web):November 4, 2000Publication History Received24 August 2000Published online4 November 2000Published inissue 22 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003159khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003159krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6661Altmetric-Citations434LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Metal organic frameworks,Metals Get e-Alerts
Transitional Steady-State Investigations during Aerobic-Anaerobic Transition of Glucose Utilization by Escherichia coli K-12 (1978)

Transitional steady-state investigations during changes in oxygen tension under aerobic and during aerobic-anaerobic transition conditions were carried out with the aim of finding an indicator system which separates the equilibrium from the non-equilibrium state. Of the parameters used i.e. biomass formation, CO2 production, Q02, NADH oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, only the three enzymes requiring NADH or NADP for their function fulfilled the requirements. Biomass production and CO2 formation were useful only during the aerobic-anaerobic transition period. In each case the response was immediate and the indicator systems demonstrated that a new steady state of oxygen was always obtained after 11 h which, at the specific growth rate used, was equivalent to at least two volume replacements of the growth vessel.
Exploring new high speed mask aware RET verification flows (2005)

Lithography simulation is an integral part of semiconductor manufacturing. It is not only required in lithography process development, but also in RET design, RET verification, and process latitude analysis, from library cells to full-chip tape out. Two RET design checking flows are examined and compared. In the first flow, an image contour is simulated from post-OPC, GDSII data at best focus and exposure conditions. RET design defects are identified by comparing the calculated contours with the pre-OPC design data. To check lithography manufacturability across the typical IC process window, the second RET verification flow simulates image contours at multiple focus and exposure conditions. These RET design checking flows are implemented on new platform that combines a hardware accelerated computational engine with a new analysis method to numerically evaluate the lithographic printing and mask manufacturing challenges for a given design layout. The algorithm approach in this new system is based on image processing which is fundamentally different from conventional edge-based analysis. Specific examples of a mask aware RET verification flow leveraging this new platform and method will be provided with speed and accuracy benchmarks. Through the high speed computation of lithographic images from full chip data, many opportunities for novel and cost effective post layout lithography verification options become available. By combining the new platform with analysis steps relevant in leading edge photomask manufacturing, it may become possible to reduce the risks inherent in advanced technology tape outs while improving layout to mask fabrication cycle time and cost.
Common epigenetic changes of D4Z4 in contraction-dependent and contraction-independent FSHD (2009)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), caused by partial deletion of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat on chromosome 4q, has a complex genetic and epigenetic etiology. To develop FSHD, D4Z4 contraction needs to occur on a specific genetic background. Only contractions associated with the 4qA161 haplotype cause FSHD. In addition, contraction of the D4Z4 repeat in FSHD patients is associated with significant D4Z4 hypomethylation. To date, however, the methylation status of contracted repeats on nonpathogenic haplotypes has not been studied. We have performed a detailed methylation study of the D4Z4 repeat on chromosome 4q and on a highly homologous repeat on chromosome 10q. We show that patients with a D4Z4 deletion (FSHD1) have D4Z4-restricted hypomethylation. Importantly, controls with a D4Z4 contraction on a nonpathogenic chromosome 4q haplotype or on chromosome 10q also demonstrate hypomethylation. In 15 FSHD families without D4Z4 contractions but with at least one 4qA161 haplotype (FSHD2), we observed D4Z4-restricted hypomethylation on chromosomes 4q and 10q. This finding implies that a genetic defect resulting in D4Z4 hypomethylation underlies FSHD2. In conclusion, we describe two ways to develop FSHD: (1) contraction-dependent or (2) contraction-independent D4Z4 hypomethylation on the 4qA161 subtelomere.
HIF-1α/GPER signaling mediates the expression of VEGF induced by hypoxia in breast cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (2013)

The present results provide novel insight into the role elicited by the HIF-1α/GPER transduction pathway in CAFs towards the hypoxia-dependent tumor angiogenesis. Our findings further extend the molecular mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment may contribute to cancer progression.
High-frame rate, full-view myocardial elastography with automated contour tracking in murine left ventricles in vivo (2008)

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high resolution and high precision. The purpose in this paper was to isolate the left ventricle from other structures for better displacement and strain visualization. Using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system and a retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gating technique, an extremely high frame rate (up to 8 kHz) was previously shown achievable for full-view (12-mm times 12-mm) myocardial elastography in the murine left ventricle. In vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice [one day after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation]. Radio frequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in the long-axis view and the associated ECG were simultaneously acquired, with the ECG allowing gating of the RF signals. Incremental axial displacement of the myocardium was estimated using a one-dimensional (1-D) cross-correlation function. The cumulative displacement and strain then were calculated from the incremental displacement. In this paper, after manual selection of 40-50 points along the endo-and epicardial borders in the first frame of the cine-loop, myocardial contour was automatically tracked across the entire LV throughout a full cardiac cycle, which correctly determined the region of interest (ROI) for better interpretation. The cine-loop of the cumulative displacement and strain in one cardiac cycle, in both the normal and infarcted cases, showed that motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium were significantly reduced, and that the infarcted region underwent thinning, rather than thickening, during systole. High precision of the displacement estimation, due to high frequency (30 MHz) and high frame rate (up to 8 kHz) available with this system, allowed for automated tracking of a manually-initialized myocardial contour over an entire cardiac cycle. High frame rate, full-view myocardial elastography with automated contour tracking could provide regional strain information of the LV throughout an entire cardiac cycle, and characterize normal as well as detect abnormal myocardial function, such as an infarction. The method of automated contour tracking can further enhance the capability of the elastographic technique with minimal user intervention while providing accurate functional information for the detection of disease throughout the entire cardiac cycle.
Color dimorphism of 14-hydroxymorphinone. X-ray analysis of two different crystalline modifications (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColor dimorphism of 14-hydroxymorphinone. X-ray analysis of two different crystalline modificationsChian C. Chiang, Wilson H. DeCamp, David Y. Curtin, Iain C. Paul, Sidney Shifrin, and Ulrich WeissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 19, 6195–6201Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00487a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00487a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mobile Platform for Networked RFID Applications (2010)

RFID (radio-frequency identification) technology is widely used for supply chain management and inventory control. Furthermore, RFID has been recognized as a tool to realize a ubiquitous environment. The typical architecture of RFID applications comprises RFID tags, which are embedded in or attached to an object, an RFID reader, and IS (information services) server. The RFID reader reads the code in the RFID tag and interprets it by communicating with the IS server via a proper communication network. This is the typical architecture defined by EPCglobal. The RFID reader can be stationary or mobile. A mobile RFID reader affords more applications than the stationary one. In this paper, we describe the core components for realizing a mobile RFID application, such as a mobile RFID reader, platform architecture, and the corresponding network architecture. Although there are several types of mobile RFID readers in the market, we propose a specially designed mobile RFID technology that has several positive features including security, network architecture, operation scenario, and code resolution mechanism. Furthermore, we analyze the characteristics of the proposed technologies.
Adaptive Liquid Lens by Changing Aperture (2012)

A tunable-focus liquid lens using an iris diaphragm is demonstrated. In the central opening area, two immiscible liquids with different refractive indices meet, resulting in a curved shape with a contact angle on the blade surface of the diaphragm. The liquids with a curved shape exhibit a lens character. By changing the aperture of the diaphragm, the shape of the liquid is changed accordingly which, in turn, leads to tunable focal length. Based on this operation approach, the focal length (f) of our lens could be tuned in the range of 13 ≤ f ≤ 105 cm when its aperture is changed from 1.3 to 3.2 mm. At f = 105 cm, the resolution of our lens can resolve over 45 line pairs per millimeter at room temperature. Our liquid lens, by changing aperture size, has the advantages of compact structure, easy operation, large optical power, and multistability.
Platelet-targeted fibrinolysis enhances clot lysis and inhibits platelet aggregation. (1991)

Therefore, the targeting of urokinase to the GP IIb/IIIa platelet receptor both accelerates clot lysis (when platelets are associated with a fibrin clot) and inhibits platelet aggregation.