gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a decision support tool for primary care management of patients with abnormal liver function tests without clinically apparent liver disease: a record-linkage population cohort study and decision analysis (ALFIE) (2009)

GGT should be included in the batch of LFTs in primary care. If the patient in primary care has no obvious liver disease and a low or moderate risk of liver disease, retesting in primary care is the most cost-effective option. If the patient with ALFTs in primary care has a high risk of liver disease, retesting depends on the willingness to pay of the NHS. Cut-offs are arbitrary and in developing decision aids it is important to treat the LFT results as continuous variables.
A Quantitation Method for Dynamic Headspace Analysis Using Multiple Runs (1985)

A method for the quantitation of dynamic headspace samples using multiple runs is presented. Samples are subjected to three successive purge cycles, with the recovery of volatiles monitored at each step. Using the amounts recovered in the first two runs, values for the total amount and recovery can be calculated, plus a value can be predicted for the third run. This calculated value can be compared to the experimental value as a quality control check. The practical use of the method is illustrated with examples of both solid and liquid samples.
Prolonged survival with improved tolerability in higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: azacitidine compared with low dose ara‐C (2010)

In the phase III AZA-001 trial, low-dose cytarabine (LDara-C), the most widely used low-dose chemotherapy in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who are ineligible for intensive treatment, was found to be associated with poorer survival compared with azacitidine. This analysis further compared the efficacy and the toxicity of these two drug regimens. Before randomization, investigators preselected patients to receive a conventional care regimen, one of which was LDara-C. Of 94 patients preselected to LDara-C, 45 were randomized to azacitidine and 49 to LDara-C. Azacitidine patients had significantly more and longer haematological responses and increased red blood cell transfusion independence. Azacitidine prolonged overall survival versus LDara-C in patients with poor cytogenetic risk, presence of -7/del(7q), and French-American-British subtypes refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation. When analyzed per patient year of drug exposure, azacitidine treatment was associated with fewer grade 3-4 cytopenias and shorter hospitalisation time than LDara-C in these higher-risk MDS patients.
The induction of cyclooxygenase-1 by a tobacco carcinogen in U937 human macrophages is correlated to the activation of NF-κB (2000)

The nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), present in tobacco smoke, is most likely involved in lung carcinogenesis in smokers. We demonstrated previously that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis, although the mechanism(s) is unknown. The present study demonstrates that, in U937 human macrophages, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 are involved in the bioactivation of NNK to electrophilic mutagenic intermediates. We observed that acetylsalicylic acid and NS-398 decrease COX-dependent NNK activation in U937 cells by 66 and 37%, respectively. NSAIDs also decrease prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis, which is induced in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a 7-fold increase, in NNK-treated human U937 cells. We observed that NNK induces COX-1 expression and activates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), in U937 cells. N:-acetyl-L-cysteine and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, two inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit NNK-induced PGE2 synthesis by 41 and 44%, respectively. These data suggest that ROS, generated during pulmonary metabolism of NNK could act as signal transduction messengers and activate NF-kappaB, which will subsequently induce COX-1 activity and increase PGE(2) synthesis. These results reveal a novel aspect of tobacco carcinogenesis, and give us insight into the mechanisms of chemoprevention by NSAIDs. Accordingly, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, leading to the inhibition of COX, offers a new approach in lung cancer prevention.
A carbon monoxide‐releasing molecule (CORM‐3) exerts bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and improves survival in an animal model of bacteraemia (2008)

The search for new molecules to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of paramount importance. Carbon monoxide (CO) is known to act as an effective inhibitor of the respiratory chain in P. aeruginosa, but the practical use of this gas as an antibacterial molecule is hampered by its toxicity and difficulty to manipulate. Here, we show that a water-soluble CO releaser (CORM-3) possesses bactericidal properties against laboratory and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa. CORM-3 reduced the bacterial count by 4 logs 180 min after in vitro treatment. CORM-3-treated bacteria had a lower O(2) consumption than vehicle-treated bacteria, and the decrease in O(2) consumption temporally preceded the bactericidal action of CORM-3. These results support the hypothesis that the antimicrobial effect of CORM-3 is mediated by an interaction of CO liberated by the carrier with the bacterial respiratory chain. The antibacterial effect occurred at concentrations of CORM-3 that are 50-fold lower than toxic concentrations for eukaryotic cells. CORM-3 treatment compared to vehicle treatment decreased bacterial counts in the spleen and increased survival in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice following P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Our results suggest that CORMs could form the basis for developing a new therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa-induced infection.
Production of Human Compatible High Mannose-type (Man5GlcNAc2) Sugar Chains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

A yeast mutant capable of producing Man5GlcNAc2 human compatible sugar chains on glycoproteins was constructed. An expression vector for alpha-1,2-mannosidase with the "HDEL" endoplasmic reticulum retention/retrieval tag was designed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An in vitro alpha-1,2-mannosidase assay and Western blot analysis showed that it was successfully localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. A triple mutant yeast lacking three glycosyltransferase activities was then transformed with an alpha-1, 2-mannosidase expression vector. The oligosaccharide structures of carboxypeptidase Y as well as cell surface glycoproteins were analyzed, and the recombinant yeast was shown to produce a series of high mannose-type sugar chains including Man5GlcNAc2. This is the first report of a recombinant S. cerevisiae able to produce Man5GlcNAc2-oligosaccharides, the intermediate for hybrid-type and complex-type sugar chains.
Antiplatelet effects of policosanol (20 and 40 mg/day) in healthy volunteers and dyslipidaemic patients (2002)

1. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of a higher dose of policosanol, a cholesterol-lowering drug, (40 mg/day) with the effects of 20 mg/day policosanol on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolaemic patients. 2. Study subjects were randomized to receive, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (20 or 40 mg/day) for 30 days once a day. Blood sampling was performed at baseline and after 30 days on therapy. 3. Platelet aggregation was induced with three aggregating agents: arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and low doses of ADP. 4. Policosanol (20 and 40 mg/day) moderately yet significantly reduced platelet aggregation, but no differences were observed in the effects produced by either dose of policosanol. In healthy volunteers, policosanol at 20 and 40 mg/day inhibited aggregation induced by 2 mmol/L AA (28.2 and 24.9%, respectively), 1 micro g/mL collagen (21.1 and 20.2%) and 1 micro mol/L ADP (30.9 and 29.1%). Changes that occurred following the administration of placebo were not significant, although an upward trend for collagen- and ADP-induced aggregation occurred in normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects, respectively, thus partially masking the effects of policosanol on these responses. 5. The antiplatelet effects of policosanol at 20 and 40 mg/day in hypercholesterolaemic patients were also similar, so that both doses inhibited aggregation induced by 1.5 mmol/L AA (20.1 and 33.0%, respectively), 0.5 micro g/mL collagen (22.7 and 21.1%) and 1 micro mol/L ADP (40.5 and 34.7%). 6. In addition, after 30 days of therapy, 20 and 40 mg/day policosanol significantly (P < 0.01) reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (15.9 and 17.0%, respectively) and total cholesterol (12.4 and 12.3%, respectively; P < 0.05), yet increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol values by 5% in both groups (P < 0.05). 7. Triglycerides were decreased compared with baseline, but not with respect to the placebo. 8. We conclude that the antiplatelet effects induced by 40 mg/day policosanol administered for 30 days to healthy volunteers and to hypercholesterolaemic patients were similar to the effects induced by 20 mg/day policosanol. Thus, no enhancement of the response was achieved with the use of a higher dose of policosanol in study patients.
High fluence retention of noble gases implanted in silicon (1978)

Abstract Argon and xenon retention in silicon has been studied at implantation energies between 10 and 500 keV. The implantation distributions were determined by Rutherford backscattering. The steady state areal densities of the trapped noble gases were found to increase with increasing implantation energy. Sputtering of the implanted gas atoms limits the steady state surface concentration to about 2 at.% argon and 0.2 at.% xenon (estimated from a model calculation by introducing experimental data). The steady state peak concentrations become very large in the case of argon (maximum argon concentration (38 ± 4) at.%). At energies >100 keV the maximum areal densities of argon exceed 2 × 1017 atoms/cm2. This large impurity content results in gas agglomeration and blistering. Continuation of bombardment causes repeated formation and rupture of blisters as well as oscillations in argon content of the backing. From electron micrographs, electron microprobe analysis and talysurf measurements the thickness of the blister covers is found to be much smaller than the most probable projected range of the argon ions. All observations are consistent with the idea that formation and rupture of blisters results from the build-up of a high argon pressure. The integrated lateral stress is likely to cause blistering only indirectly in that it promotes agglomeration of the implanted gas.
<title>Results of the DRIVE I experiment for fusion of IR and radar data</title> (2001)

The Derived Radar and Infra-red Voxel Energy operator (DRIVE) has been proposed for the fusion of IR and radar data as a pre-detection nonlinear operation of the soft decision type. The radar and IR data representing the range and cross range information respectively. Most IR and radar data fusion operators fuse the data after feature extraction whereas the DRIVE operator fuses data prior to information extraction. The advantage being that no information is considered redundant prior to the fusion. An experiment has been made to verify the functionality of the DRIVE operator. Data are simultaneously collected with the DDRE (Danish Defense Research Establishment) MRS high range resolution radar and a commercially available IR camera. Radar Cross Section as well as the temperature of the target are fully controlled and a dataset (DRIVE I) is compiled, covering a range of signal to noise ratios. The DRIVE operator is applied to the dataset with focus on the region where neither radar data nor IR data alone gives an extractable signal. Statistical analyses of the results are applied to test the hypothesis of improved target detection at marginal signal-to-noise ratios. In general the DRIVE operator is a Copula that should place the probability mass where it benefits fusion. The applied Copula is static and obtained from the product of the voltage received from each range gate and each pixel (i.e. power) normalized by taking the square root. An adaptive optimization procedure, aimed at identifying the best Copula under predefined conditions, is considered.
A simple method for the precise determination of boron, zirconium, niobium, hafnium and tantalum using ICP-MS and new results for rock reference samples (2009)

An analytical technique for determining boron, zirconium, niobium, hafnium and tantalum contents in rock samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. The rock samples (<30 mg) were decomposed with mannitol-added HF, and dissolved in a 0.015 M HF/0.12 M HNO3 acid mixture for ICP-MS analysis. Boron, zirconium, niobium, hafnium and tantalum concentrations were measured by the internal calibration curve method using three internal standard elements, beryllium for boron, indium for zirconium and niobium, and rhenium for hafnium and tantalum. Seventeen rock reference samples from the Geological Survey of Japan and the U.S. Geological Survey were analyzed, and the determined concentrations showed good agreement with the reported values obtained by isotope dilution method, as well as with the recommended values. This technique is a simple method for the precise determination of boron, zirconium, niobium, hafnium and tantalum concentrations, and it has wide potential for geochemical application, particularly for the determination of boron.
Specification of Difficult To Test Radar Performance (1990)

In order to obtain detection range requirement of a new radar system, a computer simulation model is developed to evaluate the capability of the radar in an anti-air defense operation. Since the anti-ship missile is not available for test and evaluation, a technique to specify the performance requirement and design the test and evaluation plane using an airplane is developed. The effects of the propagation environment are also discussed.
Phase II trial of carboplatin in the management of malignant mesothelioma. (1990)

Thirty-one patients with advanced malignant mesothelioma, previously untreated or having received only one prior cytotoxic regimen, were treated in a prospective, single-arm phase II trial with carboplatin (NSC 241240) at a dose of 150 mg/m2 per day intravenously (IV) for 3 days (450 mg/m2/course). One complete remission and four partial remissions were achieved, yielding an overall objective response rate of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4% to 34%). The median duration of remission was 8 months (range, 5 to 17). Nonhematological toxicity was mild (only 12% with World Health Organization [WHO] grade 3 vomiting); 16% suffered WHO grade 3 to 4 hematological toxicity, but there were no life-threatening episodes and no treatment-related deaths. Carboplatin has modest activity against malignant mesothelioma and, because of its low toxicity, has a role in the management of this disease.
Evaluation of a Fully Automated Serum Assay for C-Terminal Cross-Linking Telopeptide of Type I Collagen in Osteoporosis (2001)

The automated assay for serum CTX is precise and predicts rate of bone loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Because it is convenient to use and has high throughput, this serum bone resorption marker may be useful for the investigation of patients with osteoporosis.
Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals with Size‐Tunable Near‐Infrared Emission: Observation of Post‐Synthesis Self‐Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution (2003)

The synthesis of nanocrystalline PbS quantum dots using organometallic precursors is reported. The samples exhibit tunable, strong near‐infrared photoluminescence. A remarkable spontaneous self‐directed narrowing of the particle size distribution is shown to occur after the particles are synthesized and dispersed in organic solvent. The Figure shows the tuning of band‐edge exciton absorption features through the near‐infrared spectral region according to particle size.
Regenerative morphing (2010)

We present a new image morphing approach in which the output sequence is regenerated from small pieces of the two source (input) images. The approach does not require manual correspondence, and generates compelling results even when the images are of very different objects (e.g., a cloud and a face). We pose the morphing task as an optimization with the objective of achieving bidirectional similarity of each frame to its neighbors, and also to the source images. The advantages of this approach are 1) it can operate fully automatically, producing effective results for many sequences (but also supports manual correspondences, when available), 2) ghosting artifacts are minimized, and 3) different parts of the scene move at different rates, yielding more interesting (and less robotic) transitions.
MKK3- and MKK6-Regulated Gene Expression Is Mediated by the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway (1996)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stress. The detection of p38 MAP kinase in the nucleus of activated cells suggests that p38 MAP kinase can mediate signaling to the nucleus. To test this hypothesis, we constructed expression vectors for activated MKK3 and MKK6, two MAP kinase kinases that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase. Expression of activated MKK3 and MKK6 in cultured cells caused a selective increase in p38 MAP kinase activity. Cotransfection experiments demonstrated that p38 MAP kinase activation causes increased reporter gene expression mediated by the transcription factors ATF2 and Elk-1. These data demonstrate that the nucleus is one target of the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
Effects of ketamine on major depressive disorder in a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder. (2013)

Ketamine has been used in anesthesia for many years and in various environments with an acceptable safety margin. The side effects of hallucinations and paranoid thoughts need to be overcome for acceptance of ketamine infusion in mainstream psychiatry. In this case report, the anesthesia department was consulted because of familiarity with the medication and the ability to modulate unacceptable side effects with its use as is done in monitored anesthesia care. It is proposed that ketamine has potential for treatment of major depression associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. This patient, who had debilitating and treatment-resistant major depression and PTSD, was treated by intravenous infusion of ketamine and experienced substantial short-term resolution of symptoms.
Structural Features of the Interleukin-10 Family of Cytokines (2004)

The interleukin-10 (IL-10) family of cytokines includes IL-10, a number of its viral gene homologs, and eight recently discovered cellular cytokines (IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IFN-lambda1, IFN-lambda2, IFN-lambda3). IL-10 is an intercalated dimer consisting of two six-helix bundle domains. Signal transduction occurs when each domain of IL-10 binds to two receptor chains, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2. Viral homologs use the same IL-10 receptor system, while cellular homologs use their own receptors: three long receptor chains (IL-20R1, IL-22R1 and IFN-lambda1R1) and two short receptor chains (IL-20R2 and IL-10R2). Most of the cellular homologs belong to the IL-19 subfamily of cytokines including IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24. It is likely that IFN-lambda1, IFN-lambda2, and IFN-lambda3 also belong to the same subfamily. All these proteins are monomers in solution. Crystal structures of IL-19 and IL-22 show that the molecules consist of seven helices (A-G) forming a seven-helix bundle with compact hydrophobic core inside. Structures of complexes of IL-10 and CMVIL-10 with an extracellular domain of high affinity receptor IL-10R1 (sIL-10R1) showed that ligand/receptor interactions are of mostly polar nature, with two hydrophobic patches around receptor residues Tyr43 and Phe143 at the top and bottom of the interface. The location and structure of the binding site for the second receptor chain are still unknown. It has also been shown that in the case of IL-19 and IL-20, IL-20R2 rather than IL-20R1 is a high-affinity receptor chain. This review summarizes all published three-dimensional structures of the cytokines representing the IL-10 family of homologs, including the IL-19 subfamily and their interaction with appropriate receptors.
Immunoassay and antibody microarray analysis of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project reference specimens: Systematic variation between sample types and calibration of mass spectrometry data (2005)

Four different immunoassay and antibody microarray methods performed at four different sites were used to measure the levels of a broad range of proteins (N = 323 assays; 39, 88, 168, and 28 assays at the respective sites; 237 unique analytes) in the human serum and plasma reference specimens distributed by the Plasma Proteome Project (PPP) of the HUPO. The methods provided a means to (1) assess the level of systematic variation in protein abundances associated with blood preparation methods (serum, citrate-anticoagulated-plasma, EDTA-anticoagulated-plasma, or heparin-anticoagulated-plasma) and (2) evaluate the dependence on concentration of MS-based protein identifications from data sets using the HUPO specimens. Some proteins, particularly cytokines, had highly variable concentrations between the different sample preparations, suggesting specific effects of certain anticoagulants on the stability or availability of these proteins. The linkage of antibody-based measurements from 66 different analytes with the combined MS/MS data from 18 different laboratories showed that protein detection and the quality of MS data increased with analyte concentration. The conclusions from these initial analyses are that the optimal blood preparation method is variable between analytes and that the discovery of blood proteins by MS can be extended to concentrations below the ng/mL range under certain circumstances. Continued developments in antibody-based methods will further advance the scientific goals of the PPP.
Boron-pyrazole chemistry. II. Poly(1-pyrazolyl)-borates (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-pyrazole chemistry. II. Poly(1-pyrazolyl)-boratesSwiatoslaw. TrofimenkoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 13, 3170–3177Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00989a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00989a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6531Altmetric-Citations476LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IX.—The condensation of α-keto-β-anilino-α-phenylethane and its homologues with carbonyl chloride, phenylcarbimide, and phenylthiocarbimide (1913)

H. McCombie and H. A. Scarborough, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1913, 103, 56 DOI: 10.1039/CT9130300056