gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mice lacking cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase display a distinctive motor axonopathy (1999)

The physiologic abnormalities in mFALS mice resemble those in human ALS. SOD1-deficient mice exhibit a qualitatively different pattern of motor unit remodeling that suggests that axonal sprouting and reinnervation of denervated muscle fibers are functionally impaired in the absence of SOD1.
Photothermal Contribution to Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites (2014)

Photocatalysts possessing high efficiency in degrading aquatic organic pollutants are highly desirable. Although graphene-based nanocomposites exhibit excellent photocatalytic properties, the role of graphene has been largely underestimated. Herein, the photothermal effect of graphene-based nanocomposites is demonstrated to play an important role in the enhanced photocatalytic performance, which has not been considered previously. In our study on degradation of organic pollutants (methylene blue), the contribution of the photothermal effect caused by a nanocomposite consisting of P25 and reduced graphene oxide can be as high as ∼38% in addition to trapping and shuttling photogenerated electrons and increasing both light absorption and pollutant adsorptivity. The result reveals that the photothermal characteristic of graphene-based nanocomposite is vital to photocatalysis. It implies that designing graphene-based nanocomposites with the improved photothermal performance is a promising strategy to acquire highly efficient photocatalytic activity.
Cisplatin Inhibition of Anthrax Lethal Toxin (2006)

Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) produces symptoms of anthrax in mice and induces rapid lysis of macrophages derived from certain inbred strains. LT is comprised of a receptor binding component, protective antigen (PA), which delivers the enzymatic component, lethal factor (LF), into cells. We found that mouse macrophages were protected from toxin by the antitumor drug cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (cisplatin). Cisplatin was shown to inhibit LT-mediated cleavage of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEKs) without inhibiting LF's in vitro proteolytic activity. Cisplatin-treated PA lost 100% of its ability to function in toxicity assays when paired with untreated LF, despite maintaining the ability to bind to cells. Cisplatin-treated PA was unable to form heptameric oligomers required for LF binding and translocation. The drug was shown to modify PA in a reversible noncovalent manner. Not surprisingly, cisplatin also blocked the actions of anthrax edema toxin and of LF-Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A fusion peptide (FP59), both of which require PA for translocation. Treatment of BALB/cJ mice or Fischer F344 rats with cisplatin at biologically relevant concentrations completely protected the animals from a coadministered lethal dose of LT. However, treatment with cisplatin 2 hours before or after animals received a lethal bolus of toxin did not protect them.
Introduction (2012)

Extract On June 17, 1963, the United States Supreme Court announced its decisions in Abington School District v. Schempp and Murray v. Curlett, companion cases involving the constitutionality of Bible reading in public schools. The outcomes of both cases were eagerly anticipated. Only a year earlier, the Court had struck down, 8-1, a New York law that had required the daily recitation of a prayer in public schools. Reaction to the “Regent's Prayer” case (Engel v. Vitale) had been swift and decidedly negative. Religious leaders—ranging from Cardinal Francis Spellman and Episcopal Bishop James A. Pike to evangelist Billy Graham—had condemned the ruling. “God pity our country when we can no longer appeal to God for help,” Graham declared. Politicians joined in as well. North Carolina Senator Sam Ervin, a self-described constitutional expert who would later gain fame during the Watergate hearings, insisted that “the Supreme Court has made God unconstitutional.” Despite the widespread public condemnation of Engel, the justices did not retreat. By the same 8-1 margin, they found that readings from the Bible and recitations of the Lord's Prayer, conducted as part of daily opening exercises, violated religious neutrality as required by the Establishment Clause of the Constitution.1Close
Surface acoustic wave response to changes in viscoelastic film properties (1990)

Changes in polymer viscoelastic properties have been monitored using polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Glass transitions induced by temperature changes and absorption of gas phase species have been observed. The changes in wave propagation velocity and attenuation which accompany these transitions are explained using a Maxwell model to describe the viscoelastic properties of the film.
Discovery of the First Non-Peptide Full Agonists for the Human Bradykinin B2Receptor Incorporating 4-(2-Picolyloxy)quinoline and 1-(2-Picolyl)benzimidazole Frameworks (2004)

In the course of our studies on non-peptide bradykinin (BK) B(2) receptor ligands, it was suggested that the 4-substituent of the quinoline ring may play a critical role in determining binding affinities for human and guinea pig B(2) receptors, as well as agonist/antagonist properties. We carried out an extensive investigation to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this key pharmacophore. Introduction of lower alkoxy groups to the 4-position of the quinoline ring of 3 led to the identification of 4-ethoxy derivative 22b as a unique partial agonist. This compound significantly stimulated inositol phosphates (IPs) formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the cloned human B(2) receptor at concentrations greater than 10 nM and displayed one-tenth of the intrinsic activity of BK. The agonist activity of 22b was selective for the B(2) receptor and was inhibited by selective peptide and non-peptide B(2) antagonists. On the other hand, 22b strongly suppressed BK-induced IPs formation through the cloned human B(2) receptor. Further studies on the key pharmacophore led to identification of a 2-picolyloxy moiety as a powerful agonist switch, leading to the discovery of a potent and efficacious non-peptide B(2) agonist, 19a. Successive optimization of the acyl side chain afforded 38, which exhibited full agonist activity on stimulation of IPs formation. Furthermore, this strategy could be applied successfully to the benzimidazole series. The representative 1-(2-picolyl)benzimidazole derivative 47c increased PGE(2) production at a 1 microM concentration to the same level as the maximum effect of BK. Thus, we have established the medicinal chemistry modifications required to convert our highly potent non-peptide B(2) antagonists to agonists with potent efficacy.
Early development of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young‐onset Parkinson's disease (1991)

We evaluated whether patients with young-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) (onset between 21 and 40 years) develop levodopa-induced dyskinesias and motor response fluctuations more frequently and earlier than patients with older-onset PD (onset after 40 years) by determining the period from levodopa introduction to development of dyskinesias or fluctuations in 25 young-onset (mean age at onset, 33.54 years) and in 25 matched older-onset PD patients (mean age at onset, 55.76 years). Young-onset PD patients had significantly higher frequency for both dyskinesias and fluctuations after both 3 and 5 years of levodopa. Young-onset PD patients also developed both levodopa-induced dyskinesias and fluctuations earlier than older-onset PD patients. We suggest that the introduction of levodopa therapy in patients with young onset PD should be postponed as long as possible.
Cell proliferation in the gastric corpus in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and after gastric resection. (1995)

Patients who have undergone gastric resection are at higher risk of developing gastric carcinoma than normal subjects, and bile reflux is believed to play a role in carcinogenesis. An increase in mucosal cell proliferation increases the likelihood of a neoplastic clone of epithelial cells emerging, particularly where there is chronic epithelial injury associated with bile reflux. Helicobacter pylori is considered a major risk factor for gastric cancer in the intact stomach. It has been shown previously that antral cell proliferation is increased in H pylori gastritis and falls to normal levels after eradication of the organism. Little is known of corpus cell proliferation in H pylori gastritis or after gastric resection. Using in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling of endoscopic biopsy specimens we have found that corpus cell proliferation is increased in H pylori gastritis. Cell proliferation was greater in corpus biopsy specimens of resected stomachs than in H pylori gastritis. Subgroup analysis of patients who had undergone gastric resection indicated that those positive for H pylori had higher levels of cell proliferation than those negative for the organism. These findings provide further evidence that H pylori and bile have a role in gastric carcinogenesis and suggest that their presence has a synergistic effect on gastric epithelial cell proliferation.
Molecular recognition in insulin assembly (1993)

Conference Article| August 01 1993 Molecular recognition in insulin assembly G. G. Dodson; G. G. Dodson 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York Y01 5DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. J. Dodson; E. J. Dodson 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York Y01 5DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Turkenburg; J. P. Turkenburg 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York Y01 5DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Xiao Bing Xiao Bing 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York Y01 5DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (3): 609–614. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210609 Article history Received: March 31 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. G. Dodson, E. J. Dodson, J. P. Turkenburg, Xiao Bing; Molecular recognition in insulin assembly. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1993; 21 (3): 609–614. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210609 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Polymorphism in AACT gene may lower age of onset of Alzheimerʼs disease (1996)

The ApoE-epsilon 4 allele is a predisposing factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), however it is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause the disease. A candidate for explaining part of the remaining genetic component is alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT). In a case-control study we genotyped a polymorphism within the AACT gene to test for association with the disease. No allele of this gene showed an increased incidence among the population with AD compared with controls, even when taking ApoE genotype into account. This contrasts with the results of a recently published report. The mean age of onset was apparently lowered by the presence of the AACT AA genotype among ApoE-epsilon 4 bearers. If AACT genotype has an effect on risk for AD it may be predominantly amongst individuals with early onset AD.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the structural protein genes of Japanese encephalitis viruses from different geographical locations (1995)

Strain variation among Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus isolates has been previously demonstrated by many workers using different methods. We report the nucleotide sequence of the 5' non-coding region and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of structural protein genes for eight wild-type JE virus strain isolated from different Asian countries (Vietnam, Nepal, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Japan and China). We compare these with five other published wild-type JE virus strains isolated from Japan and the mainland of China. No strain variation could be related to geographical location on the basis of the wild-type JE virus strains studied. The viruses differed from each other by between 21 (0.9%) and 111 (4.6%) nucleotides and by between 3 (0.4%) and 31 (4.2%) amino acids over the 2434 nucleotides examined. The amino acid divergence of the envelope (E) protein gene of the viruses was 4.2% or less among the 13 strains compared. Thus there is little genetic divergence in the strains studied. However, four variable E protein amino acids (E-51, E-209, E-244 and E-366) were identified. Residue positions E-51, E-244 and E-366 are found in peptides with functional T helper cell epitopes in two other flaviviruses. Therefore, these amino acids may be important in defining the various immunotypes of JE virus identified by antibody reactivity patterns.
Genetic and functional characterization of the gene cluster specifying expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili (1993)

The genetic organization of the gene cluster containing pilA, the structural gene for type IV pilin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the accessory genes pilB, pilC, and pilD, has been studied. DNA sequences capable of initiating transcription when fused to a promoterless lacZ gene have been identified in the pilA-pilB and pilB-pilC intergenic regions. Unlike pilA, which requires rpoN (encoding the sigma 54 subunit of RNA polymerase) and products of two regulatory genes, pilS and pilR, expression of pilB, pilC, or pilD did not depend on any of these transcriptional regulators. Moreover, transcription of pilA from the tac promoter in an rpoN mutant background resulted in piliated bacteria, suggesting that the RpoN-based regulatory network is specific for pilA and does not control expression of any other genes necessary for formation of pili. Insertion of the omega fragment containing strong transcriptional terminators into pilB, pilC, and pilD failed to have a polar effect on expression of downstream genes, as determined by the ability of each cloned gene to complement, in trans, the corresponding insertionally inactivated chromosomal copy. Insertions into pilC, however, resulted in decreased synthesis of PilD as determined by quantitation of PilD enzymatic activity in processing prepilin in vitro and by immunoassay. This finding suggests that PilD may require PilC for its optimal stability or correct membrane localization.
Thirty years of trauma work: clarifying and broadening the consequences of trauma (2007)

What is a trauma? The focus on trauma over the past thirty years has moved from a failure to acknowledge it as a formative influence in personality and behaviour to its present recognition as a primary influence. The field has moved also from a view that exposure to traumatic experiences would result inevitably in 'traumatisation' and a need for clinical help - which led to overenthusiastic counsellors forcing themselves on people who just needed time, space and security. We now know that only a proportion of those exposed to traumatic events develop symptoms of PTSD and associated clinical conditions, although this figure is higher in terrorist attacks. Rob Gordon highlights the problems for the field with a focus of most research and literature almost exclusively on PTSD. As a result many discussions of trauma are underpinned by a simplistic or fragmentary psychology, and techniques are developed that only focus on part of the person. Gordon explores the implications of this trend for treatment and argues for an approach that relies on a comprehensive psychology of the person and emphasises the importance of the social dimension. The notions of 'sensory' and 'informational' trauma are introduced, and helpful and hindering styles of social support are identified. (editor abstract)
P2–005: Patterns of Aβ accumulation in Alzheimer's and aged primate brain (2006)

Aged nonhuman primates exhibit significant Aβ deposition in the brain, but they do not develop the full neurodegenerative and behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Species differences in Aβ metabolism and/or cellular localization may furnish clues to the unique human susceptibility to the disease. We therefore undertook comparative studies of cerebral Aβ in AD, aged nondemented humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and squirrel monkeys. Immunohistochemistry revealed species–typical patterns of extracellular Aβ deposition. All nonhuman primates showed consistently prominent cerebral β–amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the presence of varying numbers of diffuse and dense–cored senile plaques. Surprisingly, CAA was consistently the most frequent lesion even in aged chimpanzees, although individuals varied in the relative contribution of Aβ40 and Aβ42 to amyloidotic vessels, indicating that animals within a primate species may have distinct mechanisms of Aβ metabolism. Antibodies to Aβ40 and Aβ42 revealed intrasomatic, granular Aβ immunoreactivity in all species, but in AD the immunoreactivity extended well into the proximal dendrites. In our initial ELISA analyses, we compared neocortical Aβ levels in aged squirrel monkeys and humans with AD. Remarkably, there were no significant differences in total levels of insoluble Aβ42 or Aβ17–42 in the two groups. However, there was significantly more insoluble Aβ40 in the cortex of squirrel monkeys compared to AD. These findings suggest that, in primates, cortical Aβ42 levels per se may not be indicative of disease state, but rather the relative amounts of Aβ42 and Aβ40, as well as their intracellular localization, could be important. Preliminary Aβ oligomer ELISAs detected low levels of buffer–soluble Aβ oligomers in both species, with no significant species differences in this small sample. Ongoing studies are focusing on post–translational modifications and aggregation states that might influence the differential localization and cytotoxicity of Aβ peptides in primates.
MECs for Hydrogen Production (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principle of Operation MEC Systems Hydrogen Yield Hydrogen Recovery Energy Recovery Hydrogen Losses Differences between the MEC and MFC Systems
Linkage analysis of a complex disease: Application to familial Alzheimer's disease (1993)

Evidence for linkage of the Alzheimer's gene to markers on chromosomes 19 and 21 was assessed using single-locus and two-locus models of inheritance. Families were divided into groups determined by their average age at onset. The youngest group produced higher lod scores for markers on chromosome 21 while an older group showed evidence for linkage to markers on chromosome 19. Two-locus models of disease were used to analyze the youngest group for linkage to pairs of markers on chromosome 21 and an older group with markers on chromosome 19.
Internal carotid artery flow arrest/reversal cerebral protection techniques. (2004)

We report on the progress of an ongoing prospective non-randomized trial evaluating carotid artery stenting (CAS) with adjuvant cerebral protection in patients who are considered high risk for surgery. The 62 patients (34M/28F) in this study underwent CAS with interruption or reversal of flow in the internal carotid artery to protect the brain from embolization of particulate debris that may otherwise egress to the brain resulting in a stroke. Twenty-seven patients (44%) had restenotic lesions after remote carotid endarterectomy and 11 (18%) had previous radical neck surgery with external beam radiation therapy for cancer. The average length of hospital stay was 1.3 +/- 0.7 days. There were no strokes or transient ischemic attacks during the procedure or follow-up. Intolerance to ICA flow arrest or reversal was noted in five patients, but the procedures were completed in stages without sequella. No significant change in NIH scale was reported based on independent neurology evaluation when baseline average scores (0.72 +/- 1.1) were compared to follow-up at 30 days (0.50 +/- .05) P > 0.05. The positive outcome in this small study suggests that CAS may be a safe alternative to CEA in high-risk patients.
Platelet‐activating factor, tumor necrosis factor, hypoxia and necrotizing enterocolitis (1994)

The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is poorly understood. We have established several animal models of NEC by using a combination of various stimuli and stress, including endotoxin, PAF, TNF, and hypoxia. We discuss the mechanism of their actions and the possible roles of these factors in the pathogenesis of human NEC.
Series Lecture "Concept of Dosimetric Quantities Used in Radiation Protection" Third Lecture "Transition of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection" (2008)

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended ‘protection quantities’, such as equivalent dose and effective dose. These quantities have been amended to give the dose limits for exposures of workers and the public. Many discussions have been continuously made on protection quantities and their meanings at the time when ICRP defined new protection quantities (e. g., effective dose replaced effective equivalent dose in ICRP 1990 Recommendations). In addition, ICRP just published new recommendations for radiological protection (ICRP 2007 Recommendations). This paper reviews historical transition of protection quantities, including the ICRP 2007 Recommendations.
[Somatomedins: growth and differentiation factors. Clinical implications]. (1989)

This review focuses on the action of somatomedins IGF-1 and IGF-2, and in particular the role of IGF-1 in cell multiplication and differentiation. A brief overview is given of the factors controlling IGF-1 flow rate expression in the tissues. Factors influencing IGF-1 plasma levels, i.e. age, and insufficiency or excess of growth hormone, are discussed.
Macrophage and foam cell release of matrix-bound growth factors. Role of plasminogen activation (1993)

We have determined whether macrophage derived-foam cells, a prominent component of the atherosclerotic lesion, express more urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and whether their ability to generate plasmin stimulates the release of matrix-bound growth factors. Steady state levels of uPA mRNA and both membrane and intracellular uPA activities were significantly increased in foam cells. When cultured on cell-derived matrices containing bound 125I-basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), both macrophage and foam cells released intact 125I-bFGF into their media. The release of 125I-bFGF by either cell was significantly enhanced in the presence of plasminogen. However, foam cells, which expressed more membrane uPA, released more 125I-bFGF than control cells. The release of matrix-bound bFGF was independent of heparanase activity, since neither macrophage nor foam cells degraded 35SO4-labeled heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In addition, media derived from foam cells cultured on cell-derived matrices in the presence of plasminogen had increased levels of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta activity as compared to cells grown in the absence of plasminogen. In contrast, plasminogen had no effect on TGF-beta activity recovered in the media of foam cells grown on plastic. Moreover, when macrophage were cultured on matrices containing bound 125I-TGF-beta, the release of labeled TGF-beta was increased in the presence of plasminogen. This is the first demonstration that foam cells can release two important growth regulators, bFGF and TGF-beta, from the extracellular matrix, and provides a mechanism by which macrophage and foam cells can stimulate atherosclerotic lesion development.