gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Offene Rekonstruktion (1998)

Codman berichtete erstmals 1911 über die operative Rekonstruktion der Rotatorenmanschette. Er hielt frühe Diagnosestellung und Rekonstruktion der Ruptur für die beste Möglichkeit die Funktionalität der Schulter wiederherzustellen und den Patienten frühzeitig wieder in das Arbeitsleben zu reintegrieren (Codman 1934). Die Selektion der Patienten und Indikationsstellung zur offenen Rekonstruktion ist allerdings bis zum heutigen Tag kontrovers. Konservative Therapie mit Krankengymnastik und Medikamenten erzielen inkonsistente Resultate. Zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse werden bei Patienten mit niedrigem funktionellen Anspruch in 44–82% erreicht (Samilson und Binder 1975, Cofield 1985, Itoi und Tabata 1992, Bokor et al. 1993, Gazielly et al. 1994).
Catabolism of α-Ketoglutarate by a sucA Mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum : Evidence for an Alternative Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (2000)

A complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is generally considered necessary for energy production from the dicarboxylic acid substrates malate, succinate, and fumarate. However, a Bradyrhizobium japonicum sucA mutant that is missing alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is able to grow on malate as its sole source of carbon. This mutant also fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with soybean, where dicarboxylic acids are its principal carbon substrate. Using a flow chamber system to make direct measurements of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion, we confirmed that bacteroids formed by the sucA mutant displayed wild-type rates of respiration and nitrogen fixation. Despite the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, whole cells of the mutant were able to decarboxylate alpha-[U-(14)C]ketoglutarate and [U-(14)C]glutamate at rates similar to those of wild-type B. japonicum, indicating that there was an alternative route for alpha-ketoglutarate catabolism. Because cell extracts from B. japonicum decarboxylated [U-(14)C]glutamate very slowly, the gamma-aminobutyrate shunt is unlikely to be the pathway responsible for alpha-ketoglutarate catabolism in the mutant. In contrast, cell extracts from both the wild type and mutant showed a coenzyme A (CoA)-independent alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylation activity. This activity was independent of pyridine nucleotides and was stimulated by thiamine PP(i). Thin-layer chromatography showed that the product of alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylation was succinic semialdehyde. The CoA-independent alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase, along with succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, may form an alternative pathway for alpha-ketoglutarate catabolism, and this pathway may enhance TCA cycle function during symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Perspectives in primary care: The Treatment of Burns by Hypochlorite Solution (1983)

Journal Article Perspectives in primary care: The Treatment of Burns by Hypochlorite Solution Get access JOHN BUNYAN JOHN BUNYAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 29, Issue 2, April 1983, Pages 93–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/29.2.93 Published: 01 April 1983
A short C-terminal sequence is necessary and sufficient for the targeting of chitinases to the plant vacuole. (1991)

Tobacco contains different isoforms of chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14), a hydrolase thought to be involved in the defense against pathogens. Deduced amino acid sequences for putatively vacuolar, basic chitinases differ from the homologous extracellular, acidic isoforms by the presence of a C-terminal extension. To examine the role of this C-terminal extension in protein sorting, Nicotiana silvestris plants were stably transformed with chimeric genes coding for tobacco basic chitinase A with and without the seven C-terminal amino acids. In plants expressing unmodified chitinase A, the enzyme activity was low in the intercellular wash fluid but high in protoplasts and isolated vacuoles. In contrast, in plants expressing mutant chitinase lacking the C terminus, the activity was high in the intercellular wash fluid but low in protoplasts. N. silvestris plants were also transformed with similar constructions coding for a structurally unrelated, extracellular cucumber chitinase. In plants expressing unmodified cucumber chitinase, its activity was present in the intercellular wash fluid and absent from protoplasts. In plants expressing cucumber chitinase with the C-terminal extension from tobacco chitinase A, activity was low in intercellular wash fluids but high in protoplasts and vacuoles. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal extension of tobacco chitinase A is necessary and sufficient for the vacuolar localization of chitinases and, therefore, that it comprises a targeting signal for plant vacuoles.
The evolution of C4 plants: acquisition of cis‐regulatory sequences in the promoter of C4‐type pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase gene (2000)

In a previous study, we identified the C4-like pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase gene (Pdk) in the C3 plant rice, with a similar structure to the C4-type Pdk in the C4 plant maize. In order to elucidate the differences between C4-type and C4-like Pdk genes in C4 and C3 plants, we have produced chimeric constructs with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of the Pdk promoters. In transgenic rice, both rice and maize promoters directed GUS expression in photosynthetic organs in a light-dependent manner. However, the maize promoter exhibited a much higher transcriptional activity than the rice promoter did. These results indicate that the rice C4-like Pdk gene resembles the maize C4-type Pdk gene in terms of regulation of expression. We also tested the activity of the rice promoter in transgenic maize. GUS activity was seen in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs. Thus, the rice promoter does not confer a strict organ-specific gene expression, as the maize promoter does. Moreover, the rice promoter directed GUS expression not only in mesophyll cells but also in bundle sheath cells, whereas the maize promoter directed expression only in mesophyll cells. Taken together, the results obtained from both transgenic maize and rice demonstrate that the rice and maize promoters differ not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively, in terms of their cell- and organ-specificity. Experiments with swapped promoters using the rice and maize promoters further demonstrated that a limited sequence region from -330 to -76 of the maize promoter confers light-regulated, high-level expression to the rice promoter in maize mesophyll protoplasts. We conclude the gain of cis-acting elements conferring high-level expression and mesophyll cell specificity was necessary for establishment of a C4-type Pdk gene during the course of evolution from C3 to C4 plants.
A Double-Blind, Controlled Study of High-Dose L-Deprenyl in the Treatment of Parkinsonʼs Disease (1989)

The conventional dose of deprenyl used in Parkinson's disease is 10 mg/day, having been established by in vitro platelet studies and clinical evaluation. Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease on treatment with L-dopa who showed evidence of wearing-off effects or motor oscillation were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to compare conventional doses of deprenyl with higher doses (up to 40 mg/day) and placebo. We did not find higher doses of deprenyl to be superior to conventional doses and in 17% of cases treatment had to be withdrawn because of side effects.
A genetic element that increases the frequency of gene amplification. (1991)

A repetitive mammalian genetic element, HSAG-1, has been shown to promote the amplification of the vector, pSV2-DHFR, containing the functional cDNA for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). LR-73 cells, a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells, were transfected with this recombinant construct or with the parent vector, then subjected to culture in selective medium containing steadily increasing concentrations of methotrexate, a drug which specifically inhibits DHFR. Cultures transfected with the HSAG-1-containing construct acquired drug resistance faster than those transfected with the parent vector. This acceleration of acquisition of drug resistance was due to an increased probability of the generation and subsequent selection of cellular variants with increased copy numbers of the vector. The effect has also been observed in CHO(DHFR-) and HeLa cell lines. Possible mechanisms for the effect of the HSAG-1 element on gene amplification are discussed.
High-Precision Binary Optical Element Fabricated by Novel Self-Aligned Process (1999)

In the conventional procedure for fabricating binary optical elements (BOEs), we ascertained, by optical simulation, that the alignment error is a principal factor in diffraction efficiency. To deal with this problem we have developed a novel self-aligned procedure, and we have fabricated BOEs with high diffraction efficiency. The key point of the novel procedure is that every step of the element is determined by the first Cr hard mask. To achieve this, we used a negative photoresist with back exposure. We fabricated four-level BOEs, and the diffraction efficiency of the BOEs is only 3% below the theoretical value. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the remaining fabrication error in the novel method. The remaining error consists of the etching depth error and critical dimension (CD) error. According to the optical simulation, the CD error negligibly affects the diffraction efficiency. The only factor we should consider is the etching depth error.
The quantitative proteomes of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells (2011)

Assessing relevant molecular differences between human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is important, given that such differences may impact their potential therapeutic use. Controversy surrounds recent gene expression studies comparing hiPSCs and hESCs. Here, we present an in-depth quantitative mass spectrometry-based analysis of hESCs, two different hiPSCs and their precursor fibroblast cell lines. Our comparisons confirmed the high similarity of hESCs and hiPSCS at the proteome level as 97.8% of the proteins were found unchanged. Nevertheless, a small group of 58 proteins, mainly related to metabolism, antigen processing and cell adhesion, was found significantly differentially expressed between hiPSCs and hESCs. A comparison of the regulated proteins with previously published transcriptomic studies showed a low overlap, highlighting the emerging notion that differences between both pluripotent cell lines rather reflect experimental conditions than a recurrent molecular signature.
Structure of RSV Fusion Glycoprotein Trimer Bound to a Prefusion-Specific Neutralizing Antibody (2013)

The prefusion state of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein is the target of most RSV-neutralizing activity in human sera, but its metastability has hindered characterization. To overcome this obstacle, we identified prefusion-specific antibodies that were substantially more potent than the prophylactic antibody palivizumab. The cocrystal structure for one of these antibodies, D25, in complex with the F glycoprotein revealed D25 to lock F in its prefusion state by binding to a quaternary epitope at the trimer apex. Electron microscopy showed that two other antibodies, AM22 and 5C4, also bound to the newly identified site of vulnerability, which we named antigenic site Ø. These studies should enable design of improved vaccine antigens and define new targets for passive prevention of RSV-induced disease.
193nm Generation by Optical Frequency Conversion Using CsLiB6O10 Crystal (CLBO). (1999)

Two sum-frequency mixing scheme for 193-nm generation have been investigated using CLBO as the final mixing crystal. One scheme mixes the output of an optical parametric oscillator, operating at 2.1μm, with the 5th harmonic of a Nd: YAG laser. The second scheme mixes the fundamental wave of a Nd: YAG laser (1064.2 nm) with ultraviolet light at 236.4 nm. In the latter scheme, according to the Sellmeier equations obtained from the published refractive index data, Type I CLBO should critically phase-match to generate 193.4-nm output. However, in our experiments, no phase matching at room temperature was observed. The CLBO did show non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) at the wavelength combination: λ1=1064.2 nm, λ2=238.8 nm and λ3=195.0 nm at room temperature (24°C). In a temperature tuning experiment performed with this mixing scheme (λ1 fixed at 1064.2 nm and λ2 varied), it was discovered that CLBO needs to be cooled below -180°C in order to generate 193.4 nm.
The Probability of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome as a Function of Gestational Age and Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio (2008)

We sought to define the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) as a function of both lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and gestational age. Amniotic fluid L/S ratio data were collected from consecutive women undergoing amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity at Yale-New Haven Hospital from January 1998 to December 2004. Women were included in the study if they delivered a live-born, singleton, nonanomalous infant within 72 hours of amniocentesis. The probability of RDS was modeled using multivariate logistic regression with L/S ratio and gestational age as predictors. A total of 210 mother-neonate pairs (8 RDS, 202 non-RDS) met criteria for analysis. Both gestational age and L/S ratio were independent predictors of RDS. A probability of RDS of 3% or less was noted at an L/S ratio cutoff of > or = 3.4 at 34 weeks, > or = 2.6 at 36 weeks, > or = 1.6 at 38 weeks, and > or = 1.2 at term. Under 34 weeks of gestation, the prevalence of RDS was so high that a probability of 3% or less was not observed by this model. These data describe a means of stratifying the probability of neonatal RDS using both gestational age and the L/S ratio and may aid in clinical decision making concerning the timing of delivery.
Ursodeoxycholic acid and primary biliary cirrhosis (1994)

Ursodeoxycholic acid, originally in the form of bear bile, has been used to treat abdominal complaints in China and Japan for centuries. Its use was rediscovered in the West 10 years ago after the serendipitous finding that it not only dissolved cholesterol gall stones but greatly improved the liver function values of patients who had chronic liver disease.1 This finding resulted in a flurry of research, particularly into the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The results of four large, well designed, double blind, placebo controlled trials are now available.*RF 2-5* All studied patients for two years and reported broadly similar results - that ursodeoxycholic acid greatly improves serum concentrations of bilirubin and liver enzymes. Serum bilirubin concentration of untreated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is an independent predictor of outcome. Alkaline phosphatase and (gamma)-glutamyl transpeptidase values reflect cholestasis, and serum transaminase values indicate the degree of hepatocellular damage.

Although these results are encouraging, their long term importance is unclear. In particular, …
Forelimb akinesia in the rat Parkinson model: differential effects of dopamine agonists and nigral transplants as assessed by a new stepping test (1995)

Methods for the assessment of akinesia in the unilateral rat Parkinson model have so far been lacking. The experiments reported here evaluate the usefulness of a new "stepping test" to monitor forelimb akinesia in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the mesencephalic dopamine (DA) system, and to assess the ability of DA-receptor agonists and fetal DA neuron transplants to reverse these deficits. The 6-OHDA lesion induced marked and long-lasting impairments in the initiation of stepping movements with the contralateral paw. Systemic injections of low doses (chosen to be subthreshold for induction of rotation) of the mixed D1 and D2 receptor agonist apomorphine, the D1-selective agonist SKF 38393, and to a lesser extent also the D2-selective agonist quinpirole were effective in reversing these deficits. Similar effects was seen after a subrotational dose of L-dopa, whereas amphetamine had no effect. Fetal nigral transplants, implanted as multiple deposits in the ipsilateral caudate-putamen and substantia nigra, restored initiation of stepping to a similar degree as the DA agonists. Nigral grafts placed in substantia nigra alone were also effective, although the improvement was less pronounced. Apomorphine, at a dose effective in the lesion-only animals, had no additive effect in the grafted rats, whereas amphetamine appeared to further improve stepping in the rats with intranigral transplants. Identical experiments were performed on skilled forelimb use in the so-called staircase test. Interestingly, neither the DA agonist drugs nor the nigral transplants had any effects on the lesion induced deficits in this more complex task. The results show that forelimb stepping is a highly useful test to monitor lesion-/and transplant-induced changes in forelimb akinesia, a behavioral parameter that may be analogous to limb akinesia and gait problems seen in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Constituents of the Fruit of Pseudopanax arboreum (Araliaceae) (1975)

Saponification and methylation of the acidic fraction of an extract of the fruit of the New Zealand tree Pseudopanax arboreum has led to the isolation of a series of ring-A substituted and ring-A seco triterpenoids possessing oleanane or ursane skeletons. These include methyl 3-oxo-24-norurs-12-en-28-oate (1), dimethyl 4-oxo-3,24-dinor- 2,3-secours-12-ene-2,28-dioate (7), methyl 2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12- en-28-oate (10), the ε-lactone of 23-hydroxy-4,17-dimethoxycarbonyl- 2,3-secours-12-en-2-oic acid (15), trimethyl 24-nor-2,3-secours-12-ene- 2,3,28-trioate (20), methyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-noroleana-1,4,12-trien- 28-oate (26), and methyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-norursa-1,4,12-trien-28- oate (27) whose parent acids have not hitherto been obtained as natural products. Other compounds are methyl 2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate (9), methyl 2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (23), methyl asiatate (24), methyl arjunolate (13), the methoxy artefact (12), and the aryl- substituted methyl cinnamates (28), (29), (30) and (31). Neutral constituents include the esters (1), (9) and (10), stigmasterol and the sesquiterpene spathulenol (32).
An Algorithmic Framework for Performing Collaborative Filtering (2017)

column Share on An Algorithmic Framework for Performing Collaborative Filtering Authors: Jonathan L. Herlocker University of Minnesota University of MinnesotaView Profile , Joseph A. Konstan University of Minnesota University of MinnesotaView Profile , Al Borchers University of Minnesota University of MinnesotaView Profile , John Riedl University of Minnesota University of MinnesotaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 51Issue 2July 2017 pp 227–234https://doi.org/10.1145/3130348.3130372Published:02 August 2017Publication History 63citation823DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations63Total Downloads823Last 12 Months45Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Evidence for the involvement of interleukin 10 in the differential deactivation of murine peritoneal macrophages by prostaglandin E2. (1994)

Among other effects, prostaglandins (PG) of the E series are known to inhibit several acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in vivo and proinflammatory cytokine production by activated macrophages in culture. The research presented here demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages involves IL-10. In a dose-dependent manner, PGE2 inhibits LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not of lactate or nitric oxide. The decrease in the level of these cytokines is inversely proportional to the increase in immunoreactive IL-10. This differential inhibitory effect of PGE2 is mimicked by agents that elevate intracellular levels of cAMP, but not cGMP. Neutralizing anti IL-10 antibody but not neutralizing antibodies against other macrophage secretory products (IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-beta]), significantly reverse the potent inhibitory effect of PGE2. In vivo, the administration of PGE2 before LPS challenge significantly reduces circulating TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. Anti-IL-10 antibody substantially enhanced the LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in mice that received either LPS alone or LPS plus PGE2. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of PGE2 on mononuclear phagocytes is mediated in part by an autocrine feedback mechanism involving IL-10.
EMBRYO VACCINATION AGAINST EIMERIA TENELLA AND E. ACERVULINA INFECTIONS USING RECOMBINANT PROTEINS AND CYTOKINE ADJUVANTS (2005)

Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. To investigate the potential of recombinant protein vaccines to control coccidiosis, we cloned 2 Eimeria sp. genes (EtMIC2 and 3-1E), expressed and purified their encoded proteins, and determined the efficacy of in ovo immunization to protect against Eimeria infections. Immunogen-specific serum antibody titers, parasite fecal shedding, and body weight gains were measured as parameters of disease. When administered alone, the recombinant EtMIC2 gene product induced significantly higher antibody responses, lower oocyst fecal shedding, and increased weight gains compared with nonvaccinated controls following infection with E. tenella. Combined embryo immunization with the EtMIC2 protein plus chicken cytokine or chemokine genes demonstrated that all 3 parameters of vaccination were improved compared with those of EtMIC2 alone. In particular, covaccination with EtMIC2 plus interleukin (IL)-8, IL-16, transforming growth factor-beta4, or lymphotactin significantly decreased oocyst shedding and improved weight gains beyond those achieved by EtMIC2 alone. Finally, individual vaccination with either EtMIC2 or 3-1E stimulated protection against infection by the heterologous parasite E. acervulina. Taken together, these results indicate that in ovo vaccination with the EtMIC2 protein plus cytokine/chemokine genes may be an effective method to control coccidiosis.
Cutaneous gene therapy (2007)

Possibilities of using the skin for somatic gene therapy have been investigated for more than 20 years. Strategies have included both direct gene transfer into the skin and indirect gene transfer utilizing cultured cells as an intermediate step for gene manipulation. Viral as well as nonviral vectors have been used, and both gene addition and gene editing have been performed. Although cutaneous gene therapy has now begun translating into clinical medicine (as seen by the first clinical gene therapy project of an inherited skin disorder) further developments are still required.