gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction: Novel Protocols for Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds (2005)

Abstract β‐Amino carbonyl functionalities are ubiquitous motifs in natural and nonnatural products such as alkaloids and poly‐ketides. Among the reactions for the synthesis of β‐amino car‐bonyl compounds and β‐substituted β‐amino acids, aza‐Michael reactions using catalytic amounts of chiral Lewisacids might provide the best methods for the generation of optically active β‐amino carbonyl compounds. During the last five years, the asymmetric aza‐Michael reaction has emerged as a very powerful tool for the synthesis of chiral β‐amino carbonyl compounds, as will be discussed in this microreview. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Amino acid and cDNA sequences of a vascular endothelial cell mitogen that is homologous to platelet-derived growth factor. (1990)

Glioma-derived vascular endothelial cell growth factor (GD-VEGF) is a 46-kDa dimeric glycoprotein mitogen with apparently greater specificity for vascular endothelial cells than the well-characterized fibroblast growth factors. The GD-VEGF cDNA sequence encodes a 190-amino acid residue subunit that is converted, by removal of an amino-terminal hydrophobic secretory leader sequence, to the mature 164-residue subunit characterized by direct amino acid sequencing. The GD-VEGF homodimeric subunit is homologous to the platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and its oncogene homologue v-sis.
Building instance classification using street view images (2018)

Land-use classification based on spaceborne or aerial remote sensing images has been extensively studied over the past decades. Such classification is usually a patch-wise or pixel-wise labeling over the whole image. But for many applications, such as urban population density mapping or urban utility planning, a classification map based on individual buildings is much more informative. However, such semantic classification still poses some fundamental challenges, for example, how to retrieve fine boundaries of individual buildings. In this paper, we proposed a general framework for classifying the functionality of individual buildings. The proposed method is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which classify façade structures from street view images, such as Google StreetView, in addition to remote sensing images which usually only show roof structures. Geographic information was utilized to mask out individual buildings, and to associate the corresponding street view images. We created a benchmark dataset which was used for training and evaluating CNNs. In addition, the method was applied to generate building classification maps on both region and city scales of several cities in Canada and the US.
Oral administration ofLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumstrains of intestinal and vaginal origin to healthy human females: Re-isolation from faeces and vagina (2005)

AbstractThe healthy vaginal ecosystem is maintained by the interaction of the vaginal epithelium and the microflora, where lactobacilli and occasionally bifidobacteria play an important role. Imbalances in the dominance of lactobacilli may lead to bacterial vaginosis or yeast vaginitis. Probiotics may be a means to secure a favourable microbial balance in the vagina and, as the normal vaginal flora ascends from the rectal mucosa, a convenient form of administration may be via the oral gastrointestinal route. Ten healthy women of different ages were orally administered a blend of 12 selected Lactobacillus strains and three Bifidobacterium strains originating from the intestine and the vagina. The daily dose of each Lactobacillus strain was 1–3×109 CFU and 1×108 to 1×109 CFU for each Bifidobacterium strain, and the doses were given in an oatmilk/blueberry drink. The treatment went on for 10 days. Samples of faeces and vaginal fluid were taken immediately before the administration was started, after 10 days of administration and 7 days after the termination of the administration. Five strains were recovered from faeces and three from the vagina after treatment. The test strains could be found in 9 of the 10 volunteers. L. plantarum strains, originally isolated from intestinal mucosa, were recovered from the vagina of five subjects after treatment. The L. plantarum strains, together with one strain of L. crispatus and one L. gasseri strain, were recovered from faeces.KeywordsprobioticsLactobacillusvaginaoral administrationBifidobacterium
Glucocorticoids decrease tissue mast cell number by reducing the production of the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, by resident cells: in vitro and in vivo evidence in murine systems. (1997)

The local delivery of glucocorticoids to tissues significantly decreases mast cell number. This pharmacologic effect of glucocorticoids is believed to be one of the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids regulate allergic inflammation. To determine the mechanism by which glucocorticoids are able to exert this effect, we first applied the glucocorticoid fluocinonide to mouse dermis and observed that the decrease in mast cell number was associated with an increase in mast cell apoptosis. This did not appear to be due to a direct effect of the glucocorticoid on mast cells, as the addition of 0.01-1.0 microM of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone into stem cell factor (SCF)-dependent mast cell cultures did not enhance mast cell death. However, addition of dexamethasone to cultured fibroblasts did result in a downregulation of SCF mRNA and a significant decrease in SCF protein production. Similarly, immunohistochemistry performed on fluocinonide-treated mouse dermis revealed a decrease in immunoreactive SCF. Administration of SCF at sites of fluocinonide administration to the dermis abolished the mast cell-depleting effect of this glucocorticoid. Thus, glucocorticoids decrease tissue mast cell number by downregulating tissue SCF production required for the survival of local mast cells. This observation may be applicable to the design of improved strategies to treat mast cell-mediated disorders.
Development and preliminary results of an endoscopic Raman probe for potential in vivo diagnosis of lung cancers (2008)

A near-infrared Raman system was developed to collect real-time in vivo human lung spectra. The excitation light and the emission were guided to and from the tissue surface by a reusable fiber catheter passed down the instrument channel of a bronchoscope. Two-stage filtering was used to reduce laser noise, fluorescence, and Raman emissions from the fibers. A second fiber bundle guided the emission to a spectrometer where the fibers, in a round packing geometry, were spread out to form a parabolic arc that improved the signal-to-noise ratio 20-fold, facilitating real-time spectral measurements. Preliminary clinical tests show that clear and reliable Raman spectra can be obtained.
Loss of HLA haplotype in lung cancer cell lines: implications for immunosurveillance of altered HLA class I/II phenotypes in lung cancer. (1999)

Loss of expression of HLA class I antigens has been demonstrated in a wide variety of tumors and is considered to be one of the mechanisms whereby tumors escape T-cell surveillance. Genomic DNA of MHC class I/II molecules in seven lung cancer cell lines was investigated and compared with that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In three cell lines, OU-LC-A1, OU-LC-A2, and OU-LC-AS1, a loss of HLA haplotype was observed. Aberrations of HLA class I/II in tumor cell lines should be considered when MHC-restricted phenomena in vitro models are assessed and clinical use of tumor vaccination in vivo is considered.
Ciclosporin therapy is associated with minimal changes in calcium metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis (2012)

This study indicates that ciclosporin has minimal impact on calcium metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis when used at the licensed and clinically effective dosage for 6 weeks.
Adriamycin Absorption after Nd:Yag Laser Coagulation Compared to Electrosurgical Resection of the Bladder Wall (1992)

The toxicity of intravesical drugs used for the treatment of bladder cancer is increased by systemic absorption. Therefore, treatment is often delayed several weeks after transurethral resection until sufficient healing occurs. Since a neodymium:YAG laser causes tissue injury by thermal coagulation, we investigated differences in bladder permeability after laser treatment compared to TUR. Comparable 2.5 cm in diameter areas of tissue injury were created in the bladder of mongrel dogs either by Nd:YAG laser coagulation or transurethral electrocautery resection (TUR). Subsequently, 30 mg. of adriamycin were instilled intravesically. A control group consisted of animals receiving adriamycin alone. Blood was taken at 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after instillation and the serum concentration of adriamycin measured quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The maximum serum ADM concentration during 120 minutes for the control group was 28.0 +/- 12.9 ng/ml compared to 38.9 +/- 4.8 for the laser group and 102.9 +/- 29.9 for TUR. The area under the curve was 35.1 +/- 10.2 ng x hours/ml for control, 43.5 +/- 3.9 for laser and 127.7 +/- 49.9 for TUR. Using a two-tailed Student's t test, the difference between the TUR and the laser group was significant (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between laser and control. These results suggest that laser treatment has minimal effect on the absorption of drugs from the bladder. The clinical practice of delaying intravesical therapy after TUR is verified but a similar policy may not be necessary after laser treatment.
Biological effects of drug‐loaded biodegradable membranes for guided bone regeneration (1997)

The biological effects of drug-loaded biodegradable novel membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) was evaluated. The membranes were polyglycolic acid mesh coated with poly-L-lactic acid containing flurbiprofen, tetracycline or PDGF-BB. Porous structure was generated in the membranes by using a phase inversion method. The membrane was less toxic, nicely biodegradable and biocompatible for 8 wk after implantation in the dorsal skin of the rat. The drugs released from the membranes were shown to be effective for new bone formation. Tetracycline, flurbiprofen or PDGF-BB loaded membrane was markedly effective for osteoid tissue and new bone formation in the bony defect prepared in rat calvaria to compare with that by unloaded membrane. These results suggested that drug-loaded biodegradable barrier membrane might be a potential tool for GBR in periodontal therapy.
A new nickel complex for the oligomerization of ethylene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new nickel complex for the oligomerization of ethyleneMarcell Peuckert and Wilhelm KeimCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 5, 594–597Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00077a004https://doi.org/10.1021/om00077a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1867Altmetric-Citations294LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemokines in tumor progression and metastasis (2005)

Although chemokines have been thought of primarily as leukocyte attractants, a growing body of evidence indicates that they also contribute to a number of tumor-related processes, such as tumor cell growth, angiogenesis/angiostasis, local invasion, and metastasis. The current knowledge of the possible involvement of chemokines and their receptors in these cellular events are reviewed here. The operating mechanism of chemokines in relation to metastatic processes in vivo are also discussed.
Eradication of metastatic mouse cancers resistant to immune checkpoint blockade by suppression of myeloid-derived cells (2014)

Impressive responses have been observed in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitory anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies. However, immunotherapy against poorly immunogenic cancers remains a challenge. Here we report that treatment with both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies was unable to eradicate large, modestly immunogenic CT26 tumors or metastatic 4T1 tumors. Cotreatment with epigenetic-modulating drugs and checkpoint inhibitors markedly improved treatment outcomes, curing more than 80% of the tumor-bearing mice. Functional studies revealed that the primary targets of the epigenetic modulators were myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). A PI3K inhibitor that reduced circulating MDSCs also eradicated 4T1 tumors in 80% of the mice when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, cancers resistant to immune checkpoint blockade can be cured by eliminating MDSCs.
Five Years of siRNA Delivery: Spotlight on Gold Nanoparticles (2011)

Gold nanoparticles have become widely used in scientific research due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the last several years their use as siRNA delivery agents has been investigated. Here, progress made using gold nanoparticles for siRNA delivery is described and the different strategies employed are compared.
A Personal Email Assistant (2002)

A key element of the CoolAgent Personal Assistant vision is the active managementand use of personal, team and organizational information. The finding, filtering, composing, routing and information-triggered notification to a (mobile) user, adapted to the location, schedule, available appliances, tasks and other personal and team context is a key capability within the vision of an agent-based system for personal, professional and team activities. In this paper we report on the current status of a key element, the personal email assistant (PEA), which provides a customizable, machine learning-based environment to support the activities of a major time sink of our daily lives -- the processing of email. The system has been designed to be usable either with or without an agent-based infrastructure, and to be useful with a variety of email systems. In its current form, it leverages and augments the cabilities provided by Exchange and Outlook. It provides capabilities of: smart vacation responder, junk mail filter, efficient email indexing and searching, deleting, forwarding, re-filing, and prioritizing of email. A key contribution of our work has been to leverage high-quality open source components for information retrieval, machine learning, agents and rules to provide a powerful, flexible and robust capability.
Production of Immunogenic HIV-1 Viruslike Particles in Stably Engineered Monkey Cell Lines (1991)

A proviral fragment from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (LAV-1BRU) containing only protein-coding information, was expressed in COS cells using constitutive promoters in transient and stable transfection experiments. The presence of viruslike particles in cell supernatants was verified by Western blot analysis, density gradient centrifugation, and electron microscopy. Transfection of Vero cells with a similar construct employing the human metallothionein promoter led to the isolation of stable cell lines exhibiting inducible viruslike particle expression in response to cadmium chloride treatment. Induction ratios for viruslike particle expression were in excess of 1000-fold with production levels of p24 core antigen as high as 0.6 mg/L per 24 h. HIV-1 viruslike particles were immunogenic in mice, leading to strong envelope and core-specific humoral responses after two immunizations. The development of stable cell lines expressing significant quantities of HIV-1 viruslike particles offers an alternative to the use of live virus vectors for the production and evaluation of particle-based AIDS vaccines.
GFP imaging: methodology and application to investigate cellular compartmentation in plants (2001)

The cloning of the jellyfish gfp (green fluorescent protein) gene and its alteration for expression in subcellular locations in transformed plant cells have resulted in new views of intracellular organization and dynamics. Fusions of GFP with entire proteins of known or unknown function have shown where the proteins are located and whether the proteins move from one compartment to another. GFP and variants with different spectral properties have been deliberately targeted to separate compartments to determine their size, shape, mobility, and dynamic changes during development or environmental response. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between GFP variants can discern protein/ protein interactions. GFP has been used as a sensor to detect changes or differences in calcium, pH, voltage, metal, and enzyme activity. Photobleaching and photoactivation of GFP as well as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy can measure rates of diffusion and movement of GFP within or between compartments. This review covers past applications of these methods as well as promising developments in GFP imaging for understanding the functional organization of plant cells.
Butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium (1985)

Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase. Subcellular fractionation by differential and density-gradient centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated that all those enzymes except pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were non-sedimentable at 6 X 10(6) g-min. Butyrate kinase and phosphate butyryltransferase were associated with the large- and small-granule fractions. Thus, although metabolic reactions necessary for butyrate production proceed predominantly in the cytosol, hydrogenosomes play a key role in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
Induction of floor plate differentiation by contact-dependent, homeogenetic signals (1993)

The floor plate is located at the ventral midline of the neural tube and has been implicated in neural cell patterning and axon guidance. To address the cellular mechanisms involved in floor plate differentiation, we have used an assay that monitors the expression of floor-plate-specific antigens in neural plate explants cultured in the presence of inducing tissues. Contact-mediated signals from both the notochord and the floor plate act directly on neural plate cells to induce floor plate differentiation. Floor plate induction is initiated medially by a signal from the notochord, but appears to be propagated to more lateral cells by homeogenetic signals that derive from medial floor plate cells. The response of neural plate cells to inductive signals declines with embryonic age, suggesting that the mediolateral extent of the floor plate is limited by a loss of competence of neural cells. The rostral boundary of the floor plate at the midbrain-forebrain junction appears to result from the lack of inducing activity in prechordal mesoderm and the inability of rostral neural plate cells to respond to inductive signals.
Unbidden House Guests (1944)

When the reviewer first saw this book he wondered who would buy it at the excessive price; after reading the book he wondered who would want it at any price. The author uses cumbersome English. He indulges in many digressions from the subject at hand, sometimes in autobiography. He is unduly critical of persons with whom he does not agree. In speaking of the work of the American Medical Association and the articles published inThe Journal, he states that they "will continue to be poor as long as no independent work by competent scientists is done in this country." The book deals with various pests, both plant and animal, found within the home and warehouse. Part I is devoted to general matters, such as the damage done by pests, the influence of climate and other conditions on their habits and methods of extermination. Part II, entitled "Plants," includes the
Isolated rat cortical progenitor cells are maintained in division in vitro by membrane-associated factors (1994)

Ventricular zone cells in the developing CNS undergo extensive cell division in vivo and under certain conditions in vitro. The culture conditions that promote cell division have been studied to determine the role that contact with cell membrane associated factors play in the proliferation of these cells. Progenitor cells have been taken from the ventricular zone of developing rat cerebral cortex and placed into microwells. Small clusters of these cells can generate large numbers of neurons and non-neuronal progeny. In contrast, single progenitor cells largely cease division, approximately 90% acquiring neuron-like characteristics by 1 day in vitro. DiI-labeled, single cells from embryonic day 14 cortex plated onto clusters of unmarked progenitor cells have a significantly higher probability (approximately 3-fold) of maintaining a progenitor cell phenotype than if plated onto the plastic substratum around 100 microns away from the clusters. Contact with purified astrocytes also promotes the progenitor cell phenotype, whereas contact with meningeal fibroblasts or balb3T3 cells promotes their differentiation. Membrane homogenates from cortical astrocytes stimulate significantly more incorporation of BrdU by E14 cortical progenitor cells than membrane homogenates from meningeal fibroblasts. These data indicate that the proliferation of rat cortical progenitor cells can be maintained by cell-type specific, membrane-associated factors.