gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecules Great and Small (2015)

The complement cascade, traditionally considered an effector arm of innate immunity required for host defense against pathogens, is now recognized as a crucial pathogenic mediator of various kidney diseases. Complement components produced by the liver and circulating in the plasma undergo activation through the classical and/or mannose-binding lectin pathways to mediate anti-HLA antibody-initiated kidney transplant rejection and autoantibody-initiated GN, the latter including membranous glomerulopathy, antiglomerular basement membrane disease, and lupus nephritis. Inherited and/or acquired abnormalities of complement regulators, which requisitely limit restraint on alternative pathway complement activation, contribute to the pathogenesis of the C3 nephropathies and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Increasing evidence links complement produced by endothelial cells and/or tubular cells to the pathogenesis of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and progressive kidney fibrosis. Data emerging since the mid-2000s additionally show that immune cells, including T cells and antigen-presenting cells, produce alternative pathway complement components during cognate interactions. The subsequent local complement activation yields production of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which bind to their respective receptors (C3aR and C5aR) on both partners to augment effector T-cell proliferation and survival, while simultaneously inhibiting regulatory T-cell induction and function. This immune cell-derived complement enhances pathogenic alloreactive T-cell immunity that results in transplant rejection and likely contributes to the pathogenesis of other T cell-mediated kidney diseases. C5a/C5aR ligations on neutrophils have additionally been shown to contribute to vascular inflammation in models of ANCA-mediated renal vasculitis. New translational immunology efforts along with the development of pharmacologic agents that block human complement components and receptors now permit testing of the intriguing concept that targeting complement in patients with an assortment of kidney diseases has the potential to abrogate disease progression and improve patient health.
A knowledge based approach for capturing rich semantic representations from text for intelligent systems (2009)

In this paper, we present a knowledge based approach to capture semantic representations from text for intelligent systems that know the representations of interest in advance. Our approach performs this task by generating phrases from these representations and then matching these phrases against text using a set of syntactic and semantic transformations. The representation that best matches a piece of text is selected as its meaning. We evaluate our approach in the context of a real-world intelligent system that tracks the maturity of wireless technologies, and show how our approach performs well on capturing semantic representations from text.
Inheritance of Low Linolenic Acid Level in the Soybean Line RG10 (1998)

Relatively high linolenic acid content (80–100 g kg −1 ) in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars is the most important factor contributing to oxidative instability of soybean oil. Mutation breeding was used to develop soybean line RG10 with reduced linolenic acid content (&lt;25 g kg −1 ). The usefulness of this line in a breeding program designed to reduce linolenic acid content would depend on the complexity of inheritance of linolenic acid level. The objective of our study was to determine the number of loci and type of gene action associated with the inheritance of reduced linolenic acid level in RG10. The F 2 and F 3 progenies from crosses RG10 × C1640 and RG10 × ‘Century’ segregated in trimodal fashion. On the basis of chi‐square analyses of F 2 seeds and F 3 families from RG10 × C1640 and F 3 families from RG10 × Century cross, the observed frequency distributions significantly fit a 1:2:1 ratio. These results indicate that the low level of linolenic acid in RG10 is controlled by a mutant allele at the Fan locus. This allele shows additive gene action when combined with the fan allele from C1640 and the Fan allele from Century. The gene symbol fan‐b fan‐b was assigned for very low (&lt;25 g kg −1 ) level of linolenic acid in RG10. The simple inheritance of the low level of linolenic acid makes RG10 an ideal parent in breeding programs aimed at improving oil quality in soybean.
Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Enhances Energy Expenditure and Extends Lifespan in Diet‐induced Obese Rats (2009)

Gastrointestinal weight-loss surgery (GIWLS) is currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity, with Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) among the best of the available surgical options. Despite its widespread clinical use, the mechanisms by which RYGB induces its profound weight loss remain largely unknown. This procedure effects weight loss by altering the physiology of weight regulation and eating behavior rather than by simple mechanical restriction and/or malabsorption as previously thought. To study how RYGB affects the physiology of energy balance, we developed a rat model of this procedure. In this report, we demonstrate that RYGB in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats induces a 25% weight loss, prolongs mean survival by 45%, and normalizes glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. RYGB induced a 19% increase in total and a 31% increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). These effects, along with a 17% decrease in food intake and a 4% decrease in nutrient absorption account for the normalization of body weight after this procedure. These effects indicate that surgery acts by altering the physiology of weight regulation and help to explain the effectiveness of RYGB in comparison to restrictive dieting and other forms of dietary and pharmacological therapies for obesity. The clinical effectiveness of RYGB and its physiological effects on body weight regulation and energy expenditure (EE) suggest that this operation provides a unique opportunity to explore the mechanisms of energy homeostasis and to identify novel therapies for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Navigating the Information Superhighway using spoken language interfaces (1995)

MIT's Galaxy system provides an intuitive, speech-based user interface that enables universal information access using spoken dialogue. It differs from other spoken language approaches because it is distributed and decentralized, multidomain, and extensive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist haplotypes with rate of decline in lung function in smokers (2001)

These results suggest that IL1B/IL1RN haplotypes play a role in the rate of decline in lung function in smokers.
A Compact 60-GHz Wireless Power Transfer System (2016)

The first reported full-system 60-GHz wireless power transfer (WPT) solution that can power batteryless and charge coil-free compact WPT devices is presented. The system is fabricated in a 40-nm digital CMOS process and an inexpensive packaging material. In the rectenna (RX), a grid antenna is integrated with a complementary cross-coupled oscillator-like rectifier. At a 4-cm spacing from the transmitter (TX), the RX harvests energy at a rate of 1.22 mW with a 32.8% efficiency, which is significantly higher than the prior state of the art. A novel theoretical analysis of the rectifier operation is presented that formulates all key specifications. The TX is equipped with a quad-core PA that produces a saturated output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) of 24.6 dBm, which is the highest power delivery in digital CMOS at millimeter-wave bands. The TX peak power-added efficiency is 9.4%. In the TX, a 4 × 8-way differential power combining and a binary-tree architecture are implemented. The designed 2 × 2 grid array antenna helps the TX produce 35.3-dBm peak equivalent isotropically radiated power. The results of the performance characterizations of the full-system and all individually fabricated blocks are reported. The quadcore PA supports power control and beam steering. A four-port TX antenna is designed that shows a 70° steering range in simulations.
Atrous Faster R-CNN for Small Scale Object Detection (2017)

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks based object detection has made significant progress recent years. However, detecting small scale objects is still a challenging task. This paper addresses the problem and proposes a unified deep neural network building upon the prominent Faster R-CNN framework. This paper has two main contributions. Firstly, an Atrous Region Proposal Network (ARPN) is proposed to explore object contexts at multiple scales by sliding a set of atrous filters with increasing dilation rates over the last convolutional feature map. Secondly, to enrich the representations of small scale image regions, this paper incorporates atrous convolution into Fast R-CNN and proposes a Dense Fast R-CNN (DFRCN), that improves the resolution of the ROI-pooled convolutional feature maps without increasing the number of parameters. In combination of the two, this paper proposes a unified network termed as Atrous Faster R-CNN. On PASCAL object detection challenge dataset, our method achieves superior performance to the state of the arts, especially for small scale objects.
TCPW with bulk repeat in next generation wireless networks (2004)

Wireless links are error-prone. In next generation wireless networks, link capacities will still grow. It is known that in such configurations the performance of current TCP variants degrades severely. In this paper we propose a new transmission strategy for TCP in high error situations- bulk repeat (BR). We apply BR to TCP westwood (TCPW). BR has only three sender-side modifications to TCP, i.e. bulk retransmission, fixed retransmission timeout and intelligent window adjustment. BR permits efficient recovery from multiple losses in the same congestion window. To discriminate error from congestion loss, a loss discrimination algorithm (LDA), based on spike and rate gap threshold, is used. Simulation results in wireless network scenarios show that TCPW BR improves throughput performance up to an order of magnitude over TCPW and newreno when the error rate is high (>5%). The results also show that TCPW BR has satisfactory fairness and friendliness to TCP newreno.
Incorporation of N‐acetylgalactosamine into consecutive threonine residues in MUC2 tandem repeat by recombinant human N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine transferase‐T1, T2 and T3 (1999)

An oligopeptide containing three consecutive Thr residues mimicking the tandem repeat portion of MUC2 (PTTTPLK) was investigated for the acceptor specificity to UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase isozymes, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T1, T2 and T3. The enzymatic reaction products were fractionated by the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, then characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and by a peptide sequencing analysis. A maximum of two, one or three N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues was transferred by UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T1, T2 or T3, respectively. The preferential orders of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine incorporation were Thr-2, then Thr-4 for UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T1, Thr-2 for UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T2 and Thr4, Thr-3, then Thr-2 for UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T3.
Oral Arginine-Lysine Does Not Increase Growth Hormone or Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Old Men (1993)

Our data suggest that oral arginine/lysine is not a practical means of chronically enhancing GH secretion in old men.
Update on female sexual function (2001)

In this review, we briefly discuss recently published data on female sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and pain, and on medical/iatrogenic factors associated with female sexual function. The studies reviewed highlight a number of important methodological and etiological issues in the study of female sexual function. Researchers are urged to use standardized methods for defining sexual disorders and for selecting patient samples. Placebo-controlled studies are essential for examining the pharmacological aspects of female sexual dysfunction. Evidence suggests that free testosterone levels may be associated with sexual desire in women. Sildenafil citrate increases genital blood flow but may not impact on subjective reports of arousal. Past research implicated the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors in female sexual function, while recent data suggest a role for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor. Increasing attention is being paid to medical/health conditions that impact sexual function (e.g. neurological conditions, cancer, hysterectomy, and cardiovascular disease).
Wavelet Filter Banks in Perceptual Audio Coding (2003)

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii This thesis studies the application of the wavelet filter bank (WFB) in perceptual audio coding by providing brief overviews of perceptual coding, psychoacoustics, wavelet theory, and existing wavelet coding algorithms. Furthermore, it describes the poor frequency localization property of the WFB and explores one filter design method, in particular, for improving channel separation between the wavelet bands. A wavelet audio coder has also been developed by the author to test the new filters. Preliminary tests indicate that the new filters provide some improvement over other wavelet filters when coding audio signals that are stationary-like and contain only a few harmonic components, and similar results for other types of audio signals that contain many spectral and temporal components.
Potential of chemically modified hydrophilic surface characteristics to support tissue integration of titanium dental implants (2008)

In the past, several modifications of specific surface properties such as topography, structure, chemistry, surface charge, and wettability have been investigated to predictably improve the osseointegration of titanium implants. The aim of the present review was to evaluate, based on the currently available evidence, the impact of hydrophilic surface modifications of titanium for dental implants. A surface treatment was performed to produce hydroxylated/hydrated titanium surfaces with identical microstructure to either acid-etched, or sand-blasted, large grit and acid-etched substrates, but with hydrophilic character. Preliminary in vitro studies have indicated that the specific properties noted for hydrophilic titanium surfaces have a significant influence on cell differentiation and growth factor production. Animal experiments have pointed out that hydrophilic surfaces improve early stages of soft tissue and hard tissue integration of either nonsubmerged or submerged titanium implants. This data was also corroborated by the results from preliminary clinical studies. In conclusion, the present review has pointed to a potential of hydrophilic surface modifications to support tissue integration of titanium dental implants.
Quantitative evaluation of liver cirrhosis using T1 relaxation time with 3 tesla MRI before and after oxygen inhalation (2012)

The baseline liver T1 relaxation time was significantly different between the patients with and without liver cirrhosis. The shortening effect of oxygen on the liver T1 value was significant in the control group but not in the cirrhotic patients.
Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases (1996)

Many previous volumes concerned with methodology in human genetics have been written by research scientists and naturally reflect that culture. Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases aims to diverge from previous titles by presenting contributions that cover a key method in detail, but are set in the context of a diagnostic area or genetic disease. In this format, the book attempts to cover nearly all of the most common genetic disease diagnostics that are offered as services by clinical molecular genetics laboratories, thus contributing a reasonably comprehensive handbook for this type of center. Most of the authors are active scientists working in clinical diagnostics. The methods reflect their working experience in attempting to assure robust, reli­ able results, and to include essential controls, quality standards, and interpre­ tive guides. Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases is primarily aimed at scien­ tists, clinicians, and technologists working in clinical molecular genetics, especially those working in, or with, diagnostic laboratories. Others who will find the book useful include students and scientific workers at the interface of research genetics and diagnostics, forensic scientists, and biotechnologists. Those concerned with the commercial development of the diagnostic field and with regulation or improvement in standards in molecular genetics, both in professional bodies or government agencies, will also be interested in this book. In addition, scientists planning to develop novel molecular genetic diagnostics in countries with little or no experience in this field will find the book a usefixl starting point
Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision (2015)

Convolutional networks are at the core of most state-of-the-art computer vision solutions for a wide variety of tasks. Since 2014 very deep convolutional networks started to become mainstream, yielding substantial gains in various benchmarks. Although increased model size and computational cost tend to translate to immediate quality gains for most tasks (as long as enough labeled data is provided for training), computational efficiency and low parameter count are still enabling factors for various use cases such as mobile vision and big-data scenarios. Here we explore ways to scale up networks in ways that aim at utilizing the added computation as efficiently as possible by suitably factorized convolutions and aggressive regularization. We benchmark our methods on the ILSVRC 2012 classification challenge validation set demonstrate substantial gains over the state of the art: 21.2% top-1 and 5.6% top-5 error for single frame evaluation using a network with a computational cost of 5 billion multiply-adds per inference and with using less than 25 million parameters. With an ensemble of 4 models and multi-crop evaluation, we report 3.5% top-5 error on the validation set (3.6% error on the test set) and 17.3% top-1 error on the validation set.
Low phase noise 58 GHz SiGe HBT push-push oscillator with simultaneous 29 GHz output (2002)

We present hybrid SiGe HBT push-push oscillators at 58 GHz, fabricated on 5 mil alumina substrates. A second output additionally allows us to make use of the fundamental 29 GHz signal. A maximum output power of +1 dBm at 58 GHz and simultaneously of 0 dBm at 29 GHz were achieved. Phase noise at 58 GHz was measured to be -108 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz.
A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies (2018)

Antibodies play a crucial role in coupling the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens through their antigen binding domains and Fc-regions. Here, we describe how to measure the activation of Fc effector functions by monoclonal antibodies targeting the influenza virus hemagglutinin with the use of a genetically engineered Jurkat cell line expressing an activating type 1 Fc-FcγR. Using this method, the contribution of specific Fc-FcγR interactions conferred by immunoglobulins can be determined using an in vitro assay.
Simulation optimization (2003)

Simulation optimization has received considerable attention from both simulation researchers and practitioners. In this tutorial we present a broad introduction to simulation optimization and the many techniques that have been suggested to solve simulation optimization problems. Both continuous and discrete problems are discussed, but an emphasis is placed on discrete problems and practical methods for addressing such problems.
iLBC - a linear predictive coder with robustness to packet losses (2003)

In this paper, we discuss the internet low bit rate codec (iLBC) with an emphasis on the frame-independent long-term prediction. The frame-independent long-term prediction is a method to exploit pitch-lag correlations in the encoding of speech without suffering multiple-frame speech degradation in connection with transmission loss. We present mean opinion scores for the iLBC codec and show by means of signal examples how the nature of degradation in a predictive codec based on frame-independent long-term prediction differs from that of traditional CELP codecs.
Development of a high-yield live-virus vaccine production platform using a novel fixed-bed bioreactor (2020)

The increasing importance of viral vaccine manufacturing has driven the need for high cell density process optimization that allows for higher production levels. Vero cells are one of the more popular adherent cell lines used for viral vaccine production. However, production is limited due to the logistical limitations surrounding adherent cell line processes, such as large equipment footprints, time and labor-intensive processes, and larger costs per dose. We have addressed this limitation with the establishment of a viral vaccine production system utilizing the novel single use scale-X™ carbo bioreactor. The unit is compact and is scalable and one of the novel features of the system is the continuous in-line downstream purification and concentration processes associated with the bioreactor vessel. We present the results from a campaign featuring a proprietary Vero cell line for production of a live recombinant Vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine that features the Lassa Fever virus glycoproteins. Metabolite analyses and viral yield comparison between traditional flasks, cell factories, and the scale-X carbo bioreactor were performed, and on average, the single use bioreactor produced 2-4 logs higher titers per surface area, approximately 5 × 10<sup>10</sup> pfu/cm<sup>2</sup>, compared to classical flatstock, 2.67 × 10<sup>6</sup> pfu/cm<sup>2</sup>, and cell factories production, 5.77 × 10<sup>8</sup> pfu/cm<sup>2</sup>. Overall, we describe a novel bioreactor platform that allows for a cost-efficient and scalable process for viral vaccine production.