gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review (2009)

Visual discomfort has been the subject of considerable research in relation to stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays. In this paper, the importance of various causes and aspects of visual discomfort is clarified. When disparity values do not surpass a limit of 1&#xB0;, which still provides sufficient range to allow satisfactory depth perception in stereoscopic television, classical determinants such as excessive binocular parallax and accommodation-vergence conflict appear to be of minor importance. Visual discomfort, however, may still occur within this limit and we believe the following factors to be the most pertinent in contributing to this: (1) temporally changing demand of accommodation-vergence linkage, e.g., by fast motion in depth; (2) three-dimensional artifacts resulting from insufficient depth information in the incoming data signal yielding spatial and temporal inconsistencies; and (3) unnatural blur. In order to adequately characterize and understand visual discomfort, multiple types of measurements, both objective and subjective, are required.
Maternal mRNA from clam oocytes can be specifically unmasked in vitro by antisense RNA complementary to the 3'-untranslated region. (1990)

Clam oocytes display a striking difference in the pattern of protein synthesis on fertilization, which is maintained when cell-free extracts are assayed in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The mRNAs encoding ribonucleotide reductase and cyclin A (the major masked messages in the oocyte extracts) can be translationally activated by gel filtration in 0.5 M KCl, presumably by removal of repressor protein(s). When synthetic RNAs corresponding to different segments of ribonucleotide reductase and cyclin A mRNAs were added to oocyte extracts in 0.5 M KCl in a "competitive unmasking" assay, specific and complete unmasking of these mRNAs occurred on addition of antisense 3'-noncoding transcripts. The unmasking region in ribonucleotide reductase mRNA maps to a region of 134 nucleotides centered one-third of the way down the 3'-noncoding region.
The role of xylulokinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae xylulose catabolism (2000)

Many yeast species have growth rates on D-xylulose of 25–130% of those on glucose, but for Saccharomyces cerevisiae this ratio is only about 6%. The xylulokinase reaction has been proposed to be the rate-limiting step in the D-xylulose fermentation with S. cerevisiae. Over-expression of xylulokinase encoding XKS1 stimulated growth on D-xylulose in a S. cerevisiae strain to about 20% of the growth rate on glucose and deletion of the gene prevented growth on D-xylulose and D-xylulose metabolism. We have partially purified the xylulokinase and characterised its kinetic properties. It is reversible and will also accept D-ribulose as a substrate.
Targeted Therapy in the Management of Advanced Gastric Cancer: Are We Making Progress in the Era of Personalized Medicine? (2012)

Recent progress in targeted therapy development for AGC has been modest. Further improvement in the outcome of AGC patients will depend on the identification of biomarkers in different patient populations to facilitate the understanding of gastric carcinogenesis, combining different targeted agents with chemotherapy, and unraveling new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
Projective and object space geometry for monocular building extraction (1994)

Knowledge about the imaging geometry and acquisition parameters provides useful geometric constraints for the analysis and extraction of man-made features in aerial imagery, particularly in oblique views. We discuss the identification of horizontal and vertical lines in the scene, using image orientation information and vanishing point calculations, and the calculation of their dimensions. The vertical and horizontal attributions are used to constrain the set of possible building hypotheses, and vertical lines are extracted at corners to estimate structure height and permit the generation of three-dimensional building models from monocular views. Results of these techniques are presented for nadir and oblique imagery and evaluated against manually generated 3D ground truth building models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Differential Effects of Clostridium difficile Toxins on Tissue-Cultured Cells (1982)

Two immunologically distinct Clostridium difficile toxins elicited similar morphological changes on cultured cells, although there were differences in both toxin potency and cell sensitivities.
Effect of photodynamic therapy in a multimodal approach for advanced carcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction (2000)

Photodynamic therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for palliation of advanced cancer at the gastro-esophageal junction. The use of PDT combined with irradiation was associated with an acceptable survival rate, low rates of complications and reasonable quality of life.
Influenza: current evidence and informed predictions (2004)

Every winter there are sharp rises in medical visits, hospitalizations and deaths from acute respiratory illness worldwide. Influenza is an important cause of these and is the only common viral respiratory pathogen with licensed vaccines available that are safe and effective in preventing disease. Over 50 countries have national vaccination programs focusing on the elderly population and those at high risk. In the USA, healthy children are also now offered the vaccine; routine immunization of the young, who are similarly vulnerable to hospitalization as the old, is likely to become universal. There remains a need for further improvement in vaccine effectiveness (both in the short- and long-term), vaccine administration and compliance. Recent technological developments raise the prospect of using new vaccine types, such as live attenuated and Vero cell-cultured vaccines, that are easier to administer and may induce broader immunity.
Guidelines for Insulin Dosing in Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using New Formulas from a Retrospective Study of Individuals with Optimal Glucose Levels (2010)

Insulin pump users cannot reap full benefit from their pump bolus calculator if the settings on which bolus doses are based are less than optimal. Our data show that CarbFs and CorrFs tend to be unevenly distributed, suggesting that these factors are not selected in a systematic manner through use of formulas. Poor glucose outcomes among insulin pump users appear to be related to pump setting errors and being relatively underinsulinized, even though those in poor control use more total insulin per day. We have developed a model with the hypothesis that improved glucose outcomes will result from the use of formulas to derive appropriate pump settings. Prospective validation of these concepts is needed.
Development of an FMCW LADAR Source Chip using MEMS-Electronic-Photonic Heterogeneous Integration (2015)

GR-QUA
Interactive Human Motion Control Using a Closed-Form of Direct and Inverse Dynamics (1994)

In this paper, we propose the use of inverse dynamics in a closed-form with direct dynamics for interactive motion control of a human skeleton. An efficient recursive algorithm based on Newton-Euler formulae is used to calculate the force and torque produced by joint actuator in order to fulfill a desired motion. The resulting force and torque are then used in direct dynamics to make the final motion with external force and torque. Armstrong-Green algorithm is used for direct dynamic simulation. To decrease the errors in numerical integration, we use foui in-order Runge-Kutta method instead of Euler method. Inverse dynamic functions calculate the required force and torque at every small time interval in the process of direct dynamic simulation. In this way, it will correct errors at each time interval. The direct and inverse dynamic functions are integrated in the software TRACK with direct and inverse kinematics functions that provide a more powerful way for human animation.
High-throughput single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis by automated capillary electrophoresis: Robust multiplex analysis and pattern-based identification of allelic variants (1999)

Genetic diagnosis of an inherited disease or cancer often involves analysis for unknown point mutations in several genes; therefore, rapid and automated techniques that can process a large number of samples are needed. We describe a method for high-throughput single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis using automated capillary electrophoresis. The operating temperature of a commercially available capillary electrophoresis instrument (ABI PRISM 310) was expanded by installation of a cheap in-house designed cooling system, thereby allowing us to perform automated SSCP analysis at 14-45 degrees C. We have used the method for detection of point mutations associated with the inherited cardiac disorders long QT syndrome (LQTS) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The sensitivity of the method was 100% when 34 different point mutations were analyzed, including two previously unpublished LQTS-associated mutations (F157C in KVLQT1 and G572R in HERG), as well as eight novel normal variants in HERG and MYH7. The analyzed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments ranged in size from 166 to 1,223 bp. Seventeen different sequence contexts were analyzed. Three different electrophoresis temperatures were used to obtain 100% sensitivity. Two mutants could not be detected at temperatures greater than 20 degrees C. The method has a high resolution and good reproducibility and is very robust, making multiplex SSCP analysis and pattern-based identification of known allelic variants as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) possible. These possibilities, combined with automation and short analysis time, make the method suitable for high-throughput tasks, such as genetic screening.
Interactions between Infections, Malnutrition and Ironnutritional Status in Pakistani Infants A Longitudinal Study (1991)

The interactions between infections, malnutrition and poor iron nutritional status in infants at weaning ages are poorly defined. Therefore, four groups of infants from an area with a high incidence of malnutrition (Lahore, Pakistan) were enrolled in a prospective, randomized nutritional intervention study. Between 122 and 365 days of age, the infants from one community received either a milk cereal without iron fortification (n = 29), a milk cereal fortified with ferrous fumarate (7.5 mg/100 g; n = 30), or a milk cereal fortified with ferric-pyrophosphate (7.5 mg/100 g; n = 27). Forty-four infants from a neighbouring community did not receive a nutritional supplement and served as the control group. Calculated mean daily energy- and protein intake with the cereals was between 259-287 kcal, and 9.6-10.6 g at 12 months of age, respectively. Mean daily iron intake with the fortified cereals was between 4.1-5.1 mg at corresponding age. Nutritional supplementation resulted in significantly lower incidence of malnutrition and higher weight gain. Incidence of acute diarrhoea was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in the supplemented groups. The infants fed the iron-fortified milk cereals had significantly higher hemoglobin (mean 10.4 vs. 9.8 g.dl-1) and serum ferritin (mean 13.3 vs. 8.5 ng.ml-1) values than the infants fed the non-fortified milk cereals. However, no differences in the incidence of infections were found between the supplemented groups. It is concluded that poor nutritional intake between 122 and 365 days of age substantially contributed to the high incidence of diarrhoea and malnutrition in Pakistani infants.
Pharmacokinetic profile of alniditan nasal spray during and outside migraine attacks (1999)

Absorption of alniditan nasal spray was not affected by migraine attacks, although 95% confidence intervals were wide. Early rise of plasma concentrations and the amount of drug in the circulation were related to headache improvement in the higher dose group.
Co-Injection of a Targeted, Reversibly Masked Endosomolytic Polymer Dramatically Improves the Efficacy of Cholesterol-Conjugated Small Interfering RNAs In Vivo (2012)

Effective in vivo delivery of small interfering (siRNA) has been a major obstacle in the development of RNA interference therapeutics. One of the first attempts to overcome this obstacle utilized intravenous injection of cholesterol-conjugated siRNA (chol-siRNA). Although studies in mice revealed target gene knockdown in the liver, delivery was relatively inefficient, requiring 3 daily injections of 50 mg/kg of chol-siRNA to obtain measurable reduction in gene expression. Here we present a new delivery approach that increases the efficacy of the chol-siRNA over 500-fold and allows over 90% reduction in target gene expression in mice and, for the first time, high levels of gene knockdown in non-human primates. This improved efficacy is achieved by the co-injection of a hepatocyte-targeted and reversibly masked endosomolytic polymer. We show that knockdown is absolutely dependent on the presence of hepatocyte-targeting ligand on the polymer, the cognate hepatocyte receptor, and the cholesterol moiety of the siRNA. Importantly, we provide evidence that this increase in efficacy is not dependent on interactions between the chol-siRNA with the polymer prior to injection or in the bloodstream. The simplicity of the formulation and efficacy of this mode of siRNA delivery should prove beneficial in the use of siRNA as a therapeutic.
[Transgenic mice and their use in cancer study]. (1989)

The ability to introduce the cloned gene into the mouse germ line has made possible to analyze the cis-acting DNA sequence which is involved in the tissue-specific and developmental regulation of the gene. In addition, this system can also be applied to analyze the patho-physiological roles of the introduced gene product within the mouse whole body. Therefore, this system is one of the best approaches to analyze the mechanism of oncogenesis. The chromosomal translocation is one of the mechanisms leading to the activation of oncogene. In the case of lymphoid cell tumors, the reciprocal translocation between chromosome No. 8 and No. 14 is frequently observed. With this translocation, c-myc gene can be activated by the enhancer of immunoglobulin heavy chain (E mu). We and others have demonstrated that the E mu-myc gene could induce lymphomas in transgenic mice. Following these observation we have currently many examples that activated oncogene can induce variety tumors, giving basic knowledge about the relationship between activated oncogene and cell-type specificity of tumor. On the other hand, molecular mechanism of oncogenesis which is caused by viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is totally unknown. One main reason is the absence of animal model for these diseases. To overcome this problem, we have attempted and succeeded to produce a transgenic mouse model which consistently produces HBV. Using these mice, it will be possible to elucidate the molecular mechanism of development of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
General methods for the substitution of 5- chloropyrazoles. Synthesis of 1,3-dialkyl-5-chloropyrazol-4-yl aryl ketones and new 1,3-dialkyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral methods for the substitution of 5- chloropyrazoles. Synthesis of 1,3-dialkyl-5-chloropyrazol-4-yl aryl ketones and new 1,3-dialkyl-2-pyrazolin-5-onesDonald Eugene Butler and Horace A. DeWaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 17, 2542–2547Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00816a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00816a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of PI3K Prevents the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Lung Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts: The Role of Class I P110 Isoforms (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibroproliferative disease characterized by an accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the alveolar wall. Even though the pathogenesis of this fatal disorder remains unclear, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts is recognized as a primary event. The molecular pathways involved in TGF-β signalling are generally Smad-dependent yet Smad-independent pathways, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), have been recently proposed. In this research we established ex-vivo cultures of human lung fibroblasts and we investigated the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in two critical stages of the fibrotic process induced by TGF-β: fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. Here we show that the pan-inhibitor of PI3Ks LY294002 is able to abrogate the TGF-β-induced increase in cell proliferation, in α- smooth muscle actin expression and in collagen production besides inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, thus demonstrating the centrality of the PI3K/Akt pathway in lung fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, for the first time we show that PI3K p110δ and p110γ are functionally expressed in human lung fibroblasts, in addition to the ubiquitously expressed p110α and β. Finally, results obtained with both selective inhibitors and gene knocking-down experiments demonstrate a major role of p110γ and p110α in both TGF-β-induced fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This finding suggests that specific PI3K isoforms can be pharmacological targets in IPF.
Restoration of Contractile Function in Isolated Cardiomyocytes From Failing Human Hearts by Gene Transfer of SERCA2a (1999)

These results support the premise that gene-based therapies and targeting of specific pathways in human heart failure may offer a new modality for the treatment of this disease.
<title>Digital video architecture for OS/2 2.1</title> (1994)

With the release of IBM's preemptive multitasking OS/2 2.1 operating system, a 32-bit multimedia environment supporting digital video and audio is now available for widespread commercial use. While digital audio architectures and subsystems are becoming common, digital video architectures are relatively new, and the OS/2 2.1 implementation is one of the first to come standard with an operating system. This paper gives an overview of the general architecture of OS/2 2.1 multimedia, followed by a focused description of the architectural aspects unique to digital video.
Time-domain diffuse optical tomography using silicon photomultipliers: feasibility study (2016)

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have been very recently introduced as the most promising detectors in the field of diffuse optics, in particular due to the inherent low cost and large active area. We also demonstrate the suitability of SiPMs for time-domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT). The study is based on both simulations and experimental measurements. Results clearly show excellent performances in terms of spatial localization of an absorbing perturbation, thus opening the way to the use of SiPMs for DOT, with the possibility to conceive a new generation of low-cost and reliable multichannel tomographic systems.
Advances in the application of prostate-specific antigen in the detection of early-stage prostate cancer. (1999)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the detection of prostate cancer. PSA-based screening has been shown to be effective in detecting prostate cancer at an early, potentially curable stage; however, this tumor marker is limited by appreciable false-positive and false-negative results. This is especially problematic when the PSA level is in the upper limit of normal (2.5 to 4.0 ng/mL) or the intermediately increased range (4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL). Several PSA-related indexes and assays have been proposed in an attempt to improve the power of PSA in the early detection of prostate cancer: PSA density (PSAD), age-referenced PSA, volume-referenced PSA, PSAD of the transition zone (PSA-TZ), ProstAsure Index, (Global Health Net, Savannah, GA) and percent free PSA. These indexes may improve the sensitivity and specificity of PSA-based screening, facilitating the early detection of prostate cancer and reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies.
VEGF-A modulates expression of inhibitory checkpoints on CD8+ T cells in tumors (2015)

Immune escape is a prerequisite for tumor development. To avoid the immune system, tumors develop different mechanisms, including T cell exhaustion, which is characterized by expression of immune inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, Tim-3, and a progressive loss of function. The recent development of therapies targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 have raised great interest since they induced long-lasting objective responses in patients suffering from advanced metastatic tumors. However, the regulation of PD-1 expression, and thereby of exhaustion, is unclear. VEGF-A, a proangiogenic molecule produced by the tumors, plays a key role in the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We report in the present work that VEGF-A produced in the tumor microenvironment enhances expression of PD-1 and other inhibitory checkpoints involved in CD8(+) T cell exhaustion, which could be reverted by anti-angiogenic agents targeting VEGF-A-VEGFR. In view of these results, association of anti-angiogenic molecules with immunomodulators of inhibitory checkpoints may be of particular interest in VEGF-A-producing tumors.
Versatile Protein Biotinylation Strategies for Potential High-Throughput Proteomics (2004)

We present intein-mediated approaches for efficient biotinylation of proteins site-specifically. The reactive C-terminal thioester generated from intein-assisted protein splicing (either in vitro or in live cells) served as an attractive and exclusive site for attaching cysteine-containing biotin. Using these novel biotinylation strategies, we were able to efficiently biotinylate many proteins from different biological sources in a potentially high-throughput, high-content fashion. Some of these proteins were subsequently immobilized, in a very simple manner, onto different avidin-functionalized solid surfaces for applications such as protein microarray and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, highlighting the numerous advantages of using biotin over other tags (e.g., GST, His-tag, etc.) as the method of choice in protein purification/immobilization. In addition, our intein-mediated strategies provided critical advantages over other protein biotinylation strategies in a number of ways. For the first time, we also successfully demonstrated that intein-mediated protein biotinylation proceeded adequately inside both bacterial and mammalian living cells, as well as in a cell-free protein synthesis system. Taken together, our results indicate the versatility of these intein-mediated strategies for potential high-throughput proteomics applications. They may also serve as useful tools for various biochemical and biophysical studies of proteins both in vitro and in vivo.