gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonsynonymous gene variant in the adiponutrin gene is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity (2009)

We explored the role of the adiponutrin (PNPLA3) nonsynonymous-rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genetic susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and whether this SNP contributes to the severity of histological disease. Two hundred sixty-six individuals were evaluated in a case-control association study, which included 172 patients with features of NAFLD and 94 control subjects. The rs738409 G allele was significantly associated with NAFLD (P < 0.001; OR 2.8 95%, CI 1.5-5.2), independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index. When we tested the hypothesis of a relation between the SNP and the histological spectrum of NAFLD, a significant association was observed [chi2 19.9, degree of freedom (df): 2, P < 5 x 10(-5), adjusted for HOMA and BMI]. The degree of liver steatosis, as evaluated by liver biopsy, was significantly associated with the rs738409 G allele. Patients with CC genotype showed a lower steatosis score (14.9% +/- 3.9) in comparison with the CG genotype (26.3% +/- 3.5) and GG genotype (33.3% +/- 4.0) (P < 0.005). The proportion of the total variation attributed to rs738409 genotypes was 5.3% (beta 0.23 +/- 0.07; P < 0.002). Our data suggest that the rs738409 G allele is associated not only with fat accumulation in the liver but also with liver injury, possibly triggered by lipotoxicity.
Identification and analysis of aarP, a transcriptional activator of the 2'-N-acetyltransferase in Providencia stuartii (1995)

The aarP gene has been identified in a search for activators of the 2-N-acetyltransferase [encoded by aac(2')-Ia] in Providencia stuartii. Introduction of aarP into P. stuartii on a multicopy plasmid resulted in a 9.9-fold increase in the accumulation of beta-galactosidase from an aac(2')-lacZ fusion. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrated that this increased aac(2')-Ia expression occurred at the level of mRNA accumulation. The deduced AarP protein was 15,898 Da in size and exhibited significant homology to a number of transcriptional activators in the AraC/XyIS family, including TetD,Rob, MarA, and SoxS. The similarity of AarP to the MarA and SoxS proteins prompted an investigation to determine whether AarP is involved in activation of genes in either the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype or redox stress (SoxRS) system. Introduction of aarP on a multicopy plasmid into either P. stuartii or Escherichia coli conferred a Mar phenotype with higher levels of resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Multiple copies of aarP in E. coli also resulted in activation of the endonuclease IV gene (nfo), a gene in the SoxRS regulon of E. coli. The function of aarP in its single-copy state was addressed by using allelic replacement to construct an aarP::Cm disruption, which resulted in a fivefold reduction in the accumulation of aac(2')-Ia mRNA. Analysis of aarP regulation showed that aarP mRNA accumulation was slightly increased by exposure to tetracycline and dramatically increased in cells containing the aarB3 (aar3) mutation, which was previously shown to increase transcription of the aac(2')-Ia gene. (P.N. Rather, E. Oroz, K.J. Shaw, R. Hare, and G. Miller, J. Bacteriol. 175:6492-6498).
In Vitro Activities of the Novel Oxazolidinones DA-7867 and DA-7157 against Rapidly and Slowly Growing Mycobacteria (2006)

DA-7867 and DA-7157 are oxazolidinones active against pathogenic aerobic actinomycetes including Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the activity of these drugs against nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species is not known. In this work, we compared the susceptibilities of 122 clinical isolates and 29 reference species of both rapidly growing and slowly growing mycobacteria to linezolid, DA-7867, and DA-7157 by the broth microdilution method. The MICs for 50 and 90% of the strains tested (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively) of DA-7867 and DA-7157 were lower than those of linezolid. In all of the cases, a MIC90 of <8 microg/ml was observed for all of the species tested in both groups of NTM. For M. kansasii and M. marinum isolates, the MIC90s of both DA-7867 and DA-7157 were less than 0.5 microg/ml. These results demonstrate the potential of these compounds to treat NTM infections.
An Endothelin-1-Induced Model of Chronic Optic Nerve Ischemia in Rhesus Monkeys (1996)

This new primate model of chronic optic nerve ischemia may represent a method to evaluate experimentally the implication of a local hemodynamic perturbation in various optic neuropathies.
Multiple Instance Learning of Pulmonary Embolism Detection with Geodesic Distance along Vascular Structure (2007)

We propose a novel classification approach for automatically detecting pulmonary embolism (PE) from computed-tomography-angiography images. Unlike most existing approaches that require vessel segmentation to restrict the search space for PEs, our toboggan-based candidate generator is capable of searching the entire lung for any suspicious regions quickly and efficiently. We then exploit the spatial information supplied in the vascular structure as a post-candidate-generation step by designing classifiers with geodesic distances between candidates along the vascular tree. Moreover, a PE represents a cluster of voxels in an image, and thus multiple candidates can be associated with a single PE and the PE is identified if any of its candidates is correctly classified. The proposed algorithm also provides an efficient solution to the problem of learning with multiple positive instances. Our clinical studies with 177 clinical cases demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing detection methods, achieving 81 % sensitivity on an independent test set at 4 false positives per study.
Inhibitory effect of the cree traditional medicine wiishichimanaanh (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea) on advanced glycation endproduct formation: identification of active principles (2009)

Like many aboriginal populations, First Nations communities such as the Cree of Eeyou Istchee are facing continuously increasing rates of diabetes and related complications. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which readily form and accumulate with sustained hyperglycemia, contribute to the development of diabetic complications and, as such, are considered a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, the inhibition of AGE formation by ethanolic extracts of the Cree medicinal plant Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. was assessed by fluorometric detection of fluorescent AGEs and immunodetection of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine adducts of albumin. Extracts from V. vitis-idaea berries demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of AGE formation in both measures. High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) identified nine main phenolic constituents. Four were selected for further testing, of which catechin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside but not para-coumaric acid displayed antiglycation activities. These results demonstrate that the flavonoid components of the berry extract are potent antiglycation agents and provide pharmacological validation for the traditional use of V. vitis-idaea as an antidiabetic remedy.
Low Paraoxonase Activity Predicts Coronary Events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study (2003)

Low serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon is an independent risk factor for coronary events in men at high risk because of preexisting disease or other CHD risk factors.
Human pluripotent stem cells: a source of mast cells for the study of allergic and inflammatory diseases (86.16) (2010)

Abstract Human mast cells are tissue resident cells with a principal role in allergic disorders. Cross-linking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcϵRI) results in release of inflammatory mediators initiating the clinical symptoms of allergy and anaphylaxis. Much of our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of mast cell activation comes from studies of mouse bone marrow derived mast cells. However, clear differences have been identified between human and mouse mast cells. Studies of human mast cells are hampered by the limited sources available for their isolation, the resistance of these cells to genetic manipulation, and differences between cultures established from different individuals. To address this limitation, we developed a simple co-culture-free method for obtaining mast cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPS) including human embryonic stem (hES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. hES-derived mast cells respond to antigen by releasing mast cell mediators. Moreover, the cells can be generated in numbers sufficient for studies of the pathways involved in their effector functions. Genetically modified mast cells expressing GFP and Neo resistance were obtained by modification of hES cells prior to differentiation. iPS cells can be used for derivation of mast cells with patient specific genetic make-up. This direct co-culture-free differentiation of hPS cells represents a new and unique model to analyze the function and development of human mast cells.
The promise of ketamine for treatment‐resistant depression: current evidence and future directions (2015)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide and is becoming a significant public health threat. Current treatments for MDD primarily consist of monoamine-targeting agents and have limited efficacy. However, the glutamate neurotransmitter system has recently come into focus as a promising alternative for novel antidepressant treatments. We review the current data on the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has been shown in clinical trials to act as a rapid antidepressant in MDD. We also examine ketamine efficacy on dimensions of psychopathology, including anhedonia, cognition, and suicidality, consistent with the NIMH Research Domain Criteria initiative. Other aspects of ketamine reviewed in this paper include safety and efficacy, different administration methods, and the risks of misuse of ketamine outside of medical settings. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of glutamatergic agents other than ketamine currently being tested as novel antidepressants.
Tuning to your position: FM radio based indoor localization with spontaneous recalibration (2010)

Position of mobile users has become highly important information in pervasive computing environments. Indoor localization systems based on Wi-Fi signal strength fingerprinting techniques are widely used in office buildings with existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. Our previous work has proposed a solution based on exploitation of FM signal to deal with environments not covered with Wi-Fi signal or environments with only single Wi-Fi access point. However, a general problem of indoor wireless positioning systems pertains to signal degradation due to the environmental factors affecting signal propagation. Therefore, in order to maintain a desirable level of localization accuracy, it becomes necessary to perform periodic calibration of the system, which is either time consuming or requires dedicated equipment and expert knowledge. In this paper, we present a comparison of FM versus Wi-Fi positioning systems and a combination of both systems, exploiting their strengths for indoors positioning. Finally, we address the problem of recalibration by introducing a novel concept of spontaneous recalibration and demonstrate it using the FM localization system.
Crosslinked hydrogels for tympanic membrane repair (2006)

This study shows the validity of Carbylan-GSX compared with Gelfoam as a material to promote TMP closure in an acute TMP guinea pig model.
Si-based receivers for optical data links (1994)

We present results for Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ waveguide pin detectors grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). Detectors with multiple Ge/sub 0.29/Si/sub 0.71/ absorption layers show an internal quantum efficiency of 33% at /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m with a dark current of 27 pAspl mu/m/sup 2/. The external quantum efficiency is limited to 7% by the fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency. The output eye diagram for a hybrid /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m silicon receiver at 500 Mb/s is demonstrated. Prospects of a silicon-based optoelectronic receiver array technology are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Induction of immunosuppressive functions of dendritic cells in vivo by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells: Role of B7‐H3 expression and antigen presentation (2007)

Suppressive functions of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are mainly studied by their interaction with conventional T cells. However, there is evidence that Treg also interact with antigen-presenting cells (APC), leading to suppression of APC function in in vitro coculture systems. Studying the in vivo distribution of Treg after injection, we found that Treg are located in direct proximity to dendritic cells (DC) and affect their functional maturation status. After contact to Treg, DC up-regulate the inhibitory B7-H3 molecule and display reduced numbers of MHC-peptide complexes, leading to impaired T cell stimulatory function. When Treg-exposed DC were used to immunize animals against antigens, the DC failed to produce a robust immune response as compared to control DC. Thus, these data indicate that Treg are able to inhibit DC activation and produce an inhibitory phenotype of DC. Accordingly, Treg may recruit DC for the amplification of immunosuppression by restraining their maturation in vivo and inducing an immunosuppressive phenotype of DC.
ANTIGENIC STUDIES OF CANDIDA (1961)

Hasenclever, H. F. (U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.), and William O. Mitchell. Antigenic studies of Candida. III. Comparative pathogenicity of Candida albicans group A, group B, and Candida stellatoidea. J. Bacteriol. 82:578-581. 1961.-Since the antigenic differences between Candida albicans group A and C. albicans group B had been established, the problem of a difference in pathogenicity for laboratory animals was studied. Candida stellatoidea was also included in this investigation. Similar experiments with Candida tropicalis have been reported. The virulence of 24 strains of C. albicans group A, 23 strains of C. albicans group B, and 11 strains of C. stellatoidea for mice was determined. Five C. albicans group B and four C. stellatoidea strains were tested for lethality in rabbits.C. albicans group A and C. albicans group B displayed about the same degree of virulence for mice. Although C. stellatoidea in general showed less virulence for mice than C. albicans, some of its strains were more virulent than the least virulent C. albicans strains. All five C. albicans group B strains tested in rabbits demonstrated considerably more virulence for this laboratory animal than any of the four C. stellatoidea strains tested.C. albicans group B was isolated from more diverse clinical specimens than C. albicans group A, but only a small number of specimens were studied.
Price Behavior of the Taiwan Depositary Receipt (2011)

This is a case study to discuss the Taiwan Depositary Receipt’s (TDR) market performance. Attention is focused on the event study, market risk analysis and the trading strategy for TDRs. Tests of abnormal returns for underlying stocks during the event period were conducted. Regression analysis via the market model, comparing the risk level between the TDR and the underlying stocks was investigated. Furthermore, causality tests are applied to explore the relationships between the price of underlying stocks and the corresponding TDR. Finally, utilizing the cointegration structure, suitable strategies for trading TDRs are proposed. The empirical results indicate that the underlying stocks have declaration effects, at the TDR’s initial announcement date. TDR’s issued after 2009 have higher risks and higher returns. The out-sampled empirical results show that there are no immediate arbitrage opportunities, however, the proposed waiting trading strategy could increase profits. Key words: Cointegration; Event study; Market risk; Taiwan depositary receipts; Trading strategy
Control of multiple autoantibodies linked with a lupus nephritis susceptibility locus in New Zealand black mice (1997)

Abstract An NZB locus on distal chromosome 1 has been linked to murine lupus nephritis in backcross analyses of New Zealand mice. This locus, designated Nba2 for New Zealand Black autoimmunity 2, was found to colocalize in both (NZB x SM/J)F1 x NZW and (B6.H2z x NZB)F1 x NZB backcrosses, and was most likely situated between 92 and 97 cM from the centromere. This region of mouse chromosome 1 encodes several candidate genes, including the low affinity Fc gamma receptor genes. Both backcrosses were examined by interval mapping for quantitative trait loci linked with autoantibody and total Ig production. Nba2 was linked with elevated serum levels of multiple autoantibodies, including a variety of antinuclear Abs (anti-dsDNA, anti-chromatin and anti-histone) and autoantibodies to gp70, in both backcrosses. Nba2 was also linked (or showed a trend for linkage) with hypergammaglobulinemia and IgG1, IgG2a, and/or IgG3 levels in each backcross. In the (B6.H2z x NZB)F1 x NZB backcross, MHC was an additional genetic contribution that interacted with Nba2 in the production of autoantibodies and the development of nephritis. Together, these data provide new insight into the nature of one important genetic contribution to murine lupus and suggest that Nba2 may act as an immune response gene that influences Ag-driven B cell responses to self and possibly to exogenous Ags.
Alternative Routes toward High Quality CdSe Nanocrystals (2001)

Different kinds of safe, common, and low-cost compounds were proven to be good solvents/precursors for the synthesis of high quality CdSe nanocrystals. The size, shape, and crystal structure of CdSe nanocrystals synthesized by these alternative routes can be varied in a controllable manner in a very broad size range, from about 1.5 nm to above 25 nm. Without any size sorting, the size distribution of the wurtzite nanocrystals in the size range smaller than about 15 nm can be readily controlled as narrow as with 5−10% relative standard deviation. The highest photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the nanocrystals was up to 20−30%. Cd(Ac)2 and fatty acids were found to be the most versatile cadmium precursor and solvent/ligand, respectively. The synthesis of high quality CdSe nanocrystals in the current systems is not feasible when the system contains any anions from a strong acid, either in the form of a cadmium precursor or as an added cadmium ligand. The experimental results indicate that the synthesis of high quality colloidal nanocrystals is far less delicate than it has been thought to be.
Photoactive Additives for Cross-Linking Polymer Films:  Inhibition of Dewetting in Thin Polymer Films (2006)

In this report, we describe a versatile photochemical method for cross-linking polymer films and demonstrate that this method can be used to inhibit thin polymer films from dewetting. A bifunctional photoactive molecule featuring two benzophenone chromophores capable of abstracting hydrogen atoms from various donors, including C-H groups, is mixed into PS films. Upon exposure to UV light, the bis-benzophenone molecule cross-links the chains presumably by hydrogen abstraction followed by radical recombination. Photoinduced cross-linking is characterized by infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Optical and atomic force microscopy images show that photocrosslinked polystyrene (PS) thin films resist dewetting when heated above the glass transition temperature or exposed to solvent vapor. PS films are inhibited from dewetting on both solid and liquid substrates. The effectiveness of the method to inhibit dewetting is studied as a function of the ratio of cross-linker to macromolecule, duration of exposure to UV light, film thickness, the driving force for dewetting, and the thermodynamic nature of the substrate.
Alternative model for the internal structure of laminin (1985)

A monoclonal antibody to laminin, LMN-1, was generated by immunizing rats with laminin from the EHS tumor and fusing the rat spleen cells with mouse NS-1 myeloma cells. Laminin fragments were generated by proteolytic digestion with thrombin, thermolysin, and chymotrypsin. Monoclonal antibody binding fragments were identified by immunoblotting. Fragments which bound monoclonal antibody LMN-1 included a 440-kilodalton (kDa) chymotrypsin fragment and thermolysin fragments of 440 and 110 kDa. These fragments could also be generated from within a 600-kDa thrombin fragment. Digestion of the 440-kDa chymotrypsin fragment with thermolysin generated the 110-kDa antibody binding fragment and a 330-kDa nonbinding fragment. Immunoblotting was performed on extracts of PYS-2 cells and EHS cells using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to laminin. Polyclonal antibodies stained the intact 850-kDa complex and the 200- and 400-kDa subunits, while monoclonal LMN-1 stained only the 400-kDa subunit and the complete molecule. Rotary shadowing of monoclonal LMN-1 bound to laminin molecules indicated that the binding site was within the long arm of laminin. Changes in the model of the internal organization of the laminin molecule are proposed, based on the binding of LMN-1 to the 400-kDa subunit and specific proteolytic fragments. The locations of the major thrombin and chymotrypsin fragments in the model are rotated 180 degrees relative to the previously described model [Ott, U., Odermatt, E., Engel, J., Furthmayr, H., & Timpl, R. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 123, 63-72] to include part of the 400-kDa subunit of laminin.
Addiction, Physical Dependence, and Tolerance (2003)

Pain is among the most common complaints for which people seek medical care; yet pain is also among the most undertreated patient complaints. Reasons for this include reluctance by clinicians to prescribe and support the use of opioids, often due to a fear of addiction. To address this issue, three major health professional organizations that deal with the treatment of pain and addiction, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the American Pain Society, and the American Society of Addiction Medicine, formed the Liaison Committee on Pain and Addiction (LCPA). The first mission of the LCPA was to formulate precise definitions of the terms addiction, physical dependence, and tolerance. This report explains these definitions and discusses how they apply to clinical practice.
Comparison of three measures of QT dispersion (2003)

QT dispersion quantifies the variability of QT intervals observed in the 12-lead ECG. The standard measure is the range of the QT intervals from the collection of the 12 ECG leads. The authors investigated the relationship between the standard measure, Range, and two alternative measures, standard deviation (SD) and interquartile range (IQR). The measures were assessed for their ability to differentiate between normal and two pathological groups. SD was highly correlated to Range in all subject groups. Weaker correlations were found between IQR and Range in the pathological groups and a very small correlation for the normal group. Of the measures considered, the current standard measure of QT dispersion was found to be the least effective in differentiating between normal and pathological subject groups. IQR appears to be a more discriminant measure of QT dispersion.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family and Chemosensitization (1997)

which is performing clinical trials