gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4EBP1/c-MYC/PUMA and NF-κB/EGR1/BIM pathways underlie cytotoxicity of mTOR dual inhibitors in malignant lymphoid cells (2016)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that regulates proliferation and apoptosis, has been extensively evaluated as a therapeutic target in multiple malignancies. Rapamycin analogs, which partially inhibit mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), exhibit immunosuppressive and limited antitumor activity, but sometimes activate survival pathways through feedback mechanisms involving mTORC2. Thus, attention has turned to agents targeting both mTOR complexes by binding the mTOR active site. Here we show that disruption of either mTOR-containing complex is toxic to acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells and identify 2 previously unrecognized pathways leading to this cell death. Inhibition of mTORC1-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation leads to decreased expression of c-MYC and subsequent upregulation of the proapoptotic BCL2 family member PUMA, whereas inhibition of mTORC2 results in nuclear factor-κB-mediated expression of the Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that binds and transactivates the proapoptotic BCL2L11 locus encoding BIM. Importantly, 1 or both pathways contribute to death of malignant lymphoid cells after treatment with dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors. Collectively, these observations not only provide new insight into the survival roles of mTOR in lymphoid malignancies, but also identify alterations that potentially modulate the action of mTOR dual inhibitors in ALL.
LISA-machine description language and generic machine model for HW/SW co-design (2002)

A machine description language is presented. The language, LISA, and its generic machine model are able to produce bit- and cycle/phase-accurate processor models covering the specific needs of HW/SW codesign, and cosimulation environments. The development of a new language was necessary in order to cover the gap between coarse ISA models used in compilers, and instruction set simulators on the one hand, and detailed models used for hardware design on the other. The main part of the paper is devoted to behavioral pipeline modeling. The pipeline controller of the generic machine model is represented as an ASAP (as soon as possible) sequencer parameterized by precedence and resource constraints of operations of each instruction. The standard pipeline description based on reservation tables and Gantt charts was extended by additional operation descriptors which enable the detection of data and control hazards, and permit modeling of pipeline flushes. Using the newly introduced L-charts we reduced the parameterization of the pipeline controller to a minimum and at the same time covered typical pipeline controls found in state of the art signal processors. As an example, the application of the LISA model on the TI-TMS320C54x signal processor is presented.
A High Tumor-Associated Macrophage Content Predicts Favorable Outcome in Follicular Lymphoma Patients Treated with Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide-Doxorubicin-Vincristine-Prednisone (2007)

The data suggest that high TAM score is associated with a favorable prognosis in FL patients treated with immunochemotherapy.
Antigen-Specific Mediated Suppression of β Cell Autoimmunity by Plasmid DNA Vaccination (2001)

In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. Furthermore, disease prevention correlated with suppression of insulitis and induction of GAD65-specific regulatory Th2 cells. Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. Finally, NOD.IL4(null) mice treated with pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes, indicating that endogenous IL-4 was also required for disease prevention. These results demonstrate that pDNA vaccination is an effective strategy to elicit beta cell-specific Th2 regulatory cell function for the purpose of preventing IDDM even at a late stage of disease development.
Propagation effects handbook for satellite systems design. A summary of propagation impairments on 10 to 100 GHz satellite links with techniques for system design (1989)

The NASA Propagation Effects Handbook for Satellite Systems Design provides a systematic compilation of the major propagation effects experienced on space-Earth paths in the 10 to 100 GHz frequency band region. It provides both a detailed description of the propagation phenomenon and a summary of the impact of the effect on the communications system design and performance. Chapter 2 through 5 describe the propagation effects, prediction models, and available experimental data bases. In Chapter 6, design techniques and prediction methods available for evaluating propagation effects on space-Earth communication systems are presented. Chapter 7 addresses the system design process and how the effects of propagation on system design and performance should be considered and how that can be mitigated. Examples of operational and planned Ku, Ka, and EHF satellite communications systems are given.
Dynamic imaging of oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography (2016)

Abstract The structure and connectivity of the pore space during the pyrolysis of oil shales determines hydrocarbon flow behavior and ultimate recovery. We image the time evolution of the pore and microfracture networks during oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography. Immature Green River (Mahogany Zone) shale samples were thermally matured under vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 500°C while being periodically imaged with a 2 µm voxel size. The structural transformation of both organic‐rich and organic‐lean layers within the shale was quantified. The images reveal a dramatic change in porosity accompanying pyrolysis between 390 and 400°C with the formation of micron‐scale heterogeneous pores. With a further increase in temperature, the pores steadily expand resulting in connected microfracture networks that predominantly develop along the kerogen‐rich laminations.
Cilvil-military Interoperability in Support of NATO Emerging Security Challenges (2011)

Challenges Division, NATO International Staff, to the Second Workshop on Multinational Cooperation in Civil-Military Interoperability in Sofia, underlining the importance of civil-military interaction and multinational approaches in various frameworks, as well as their important
Germinal transpositions of the maize element Dissociation from T-DNA loci in tomato. (1995)

We have analyzed the pattern of germinal transpositions of artificial Dissociation (Ds) transposons in tomato. T-DNA constructs carrying Ds were transformed into tomato, and the elements were trans-activated by crossing to lines transformed with a stabilized Activator (sAc) that expressed the transposase gene. The sAc T-DNA carried a GUS gene to monitor its segregation. The Ds elements were inserted in a marker gene so that excision from the T-DNA could be monitored. The Ds elements also carried a genetic marker that was intended to be used for reinsertion selection of the elements after excision. Unfortunately, this gene was irreversibly inactivated on crossing to sAc. Germinal excision frequencies of Ds averaged 15-40%, but there was large variation between and within plants. Southern hybridization analysis of stable transposed Ds elements indicated that although unique transpositions predominate, early transposition events can lead to large clonal sectors in the germline of developing plants and to sibling offspring carrying the same transposition event. Multiple germinal transpositions from three different loci were examined for uniqueness, and 15 different transpositions were identified from each of three T-DNA loci that carried a single independent Ds. These were mapped relative to the donor T-DNA loci, and for each locus 70-80% of the transposed elements were closely linked to the donor site.
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells, Lymphangiogenesis, and Extracellular Matrix (2006)

Exciting studies involving the molecular regulation of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic-associated disorders (e.g., wound healing, lymphedema and tumor metastasis) have focused renewed attention on the intrinsic relationship between lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. ECM molecules and remodeling events play a key role in regulating lymphangiogenesis, and the "functionality"-relating molecules, especially hyaluronan, integrins, reelin, IL-7, and matrix metalloproteinases, provide the most fundamental and critical prerequisite for LEC growth, migration, tube formation, and survival, although lymphangiogenesis is directly or/and indirectly controlled by VEGF-C/-D/VEGFR- 3- Prox-1-, Syk/SLP76-, podoplanin/Ang-2/Nrp-2-, FOXC2-, and other signaling pathways in embryonic and pathological processes. New knowledge regarding the differentiation of initial lymphatics should enable improvements in understanding of a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. The lymphatic colocalization with histochemical staining by using the novel molecular markers (e.g., LYVE-1), along with subsequent injection technique with ferritin or some tracer, will reveal functional and structural features of newly formed and preexisting lymphatics. Growing recognition of the multiple functions of ECM and LEC molecules for important physiological and pathological events may be helpful in identifying the crucial changes in tissues subjected to lymph circulation and ultimately in the search for rational therapeutic approaches to prevent lymphatic-associated disorders.
Natural Development of Antibodies to Pneumococcal Surface Protein A, Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A, and Pneumolysin in Relation to Pneumococcal Carriage and Acute Otitis Media (2000)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), and pneumolysin (Ply) are common to virtually all Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. They are immunogenic and protective against pneumococcal challenge in animals and are the major candidates for a protein-based pneumococcal vaccine for humans. However, little is known of the natural development of antibodies to these proteins in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural development of antibodies to PspA, PsaA, and Ply in relation to pneumococcal infection and carriage in young children. Serum antibodies to these proteins were measured by EIA in children at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and in their mothers. All age groups were capable of producing antibodies to the 3 proteins. The antibody concentrations increased with age and were strongly associated with pneumococcal exposure, whether by carriage or infection (acute otitis media).
Brain Acetylcholine: Control by Dietary Choline (1976)

Acetylcholine concentrations in whole rat brain or in various brain regions and free choline concentrations in blood serum and brain vary with dietary choline consumption. The increases in brain acetylcholine after treatment with physositigmine (an inhibitor of actylcholinesterase) or after consumption of a diet high in choline are additive, suggesting that choline acts by increasing acetylcholine synthesis.
追风少年 2007 DERBI GPR 125 Racing (2007)

在很多人的印象中，摩托车的“风水宝地”应该是日本、意大利、德国、美国等屈指可数的几个国家，但是位于欧洲西南部伊比利亚半岛、素以斗牛士著称的西班牙，同样具有悠久的摩托车制造传统，代表厂家就是位于西班牙东北部加泰罗尼亚的德比摩托车公司。
On Graduate Unions and Corporatization (2012)

The existence of graduate labor unions is seen as evidence of the changed and changing nature of academic economies over the past two decades. To be exact they are seen as a result of academic capitalism and broad trends towards corporatization (Bousquet, 2008; Lafer, 2003; Rhoads & Rhoades, 2005; Slaughter & Rhoades, 2004) whereby institutions of higher education increasingly engage in market-like behaviors and display “the culture, practices, policies, and workforce strategies more appropriate to corporations” (Steck, 2003, p. 66). This involves adopting “corporate models, cutting costs and seeking profit-making opportunities” resulting in heavy reliance on private funding for research and expanded commercial influence over academic pursuits (Clay, 2008, p. 11) Within the context of changing academic economies and corporate universities scholars see graduate employee unions as a potential source of resistance and progressive change (Bousquet, 2008; Lafer, 2003; Rhoads & Rhoades, 2005).
Inhibitors for Human Glutaminyl Cyclase by Structure Based Design and Bioisosteric Replacement (2009)

The inhibition of human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC) has come into focus as a new potential approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The hallmark of this principle is the prevention of the formation of Abeta(3,11(pE)-40,42), as these Abeta-species were shown to be of elevated neurotoxicity and likely to act as a seeding core leading to an accelerated formation of Abeta-oligomers and fibrils. Starting from 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiourea, bioisosteric replacements led to the development of new classes of inhibitors. The optimization of the metal-binding group was achieved by homology modeling and afforded a first insight into the probable binding mode of the inhibitors in the hQC active site. The efficacy assessment of the hQC inhibitors was performed in cell culture, directly monitoring the inhibition of Abeta(3,11(pE)-40,42) formation.
Posttranslational modification of MDM2. (2003)

The functions of the MDM2 protein, in particular its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and its ability to interact with a number of cellular proteins intimately involved in growth regulation, are modulated by sumoylation and multisite phosphorylation. These posttranslational mechanisms not only regulate the intrinsic activity of MDM2 in response to cellular stresses, but also govern its subcellular localization, differentiate between MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 and autoubiquitination, integrate the stress response with mechanisms that mediate cell survival, and modulate the interaction of MDM2 with cellular and viral proteins. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the role of posttranslational modifications of MDM2 and their functional relevance.
Human carboxypeptidase E. Isolation and characterization of the cDNA, sequence conservation, expression and processing in vitro (1990)

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which cleaves C-terminal amino acid residues and is involved in neuropeptide processing, is itself subject to intracellular processing. Human CPE cDNA was isolated and sequence comparisons were made with those of a previously isolated brain cDNA (M1622) encoding rat CPE and of other human carboxypeptidases (M and N). Human (2.5 kb) and rat (2.1 kb) CPE cDNAs approximated to the size of their respective mRNAs; additional sequences were located in putative 5' and 3' untranslated regions of human CPE mRNA. There is 79% sequence similarity between human and rat CPE cDNAs, with greater similarity (89%) over the coding region and short sections of the non-coding sequence. The predicted 476-amino acid-residue sequences of human and rat preproCPEs are highly conserved (96% identity), with lower degree of similarity of the N-terminal signal peptide (76%). Human CPE showed 51% and 43% sequence similarity to human CPN and CPM respectively, with discrete regions of divergence dispersed between the highly conserved mechanistically implicated regions. Antiserum generated from a fusion protein, synthesized in Escherichia coli from constructs of the human cDNA, recognized an approx. 50 kDa membrane protein and a smaller soluble protein in rat and human brain preparations, corresponding to the two forms of native CPE. Human CPE mRNA transcripts directed the synthesis in reticulocyte lysate of a 54 kDa translation product, which in the presence of dog pancreas microsomal membranes was co-translationally processed with cleavage, insertion into membranes and glycosylation. Three processed forms were generated, the largest (56 kDa) and smallest (52 kDa) being equally glycosylated. The membrane association of the processed translation products and of native brain membrane CPE, detected immunologically, was resistant to moderate alkali but not pH 11.5 extraction. These results are consistent with secondary-structure predictions that CPE is a peripheral membrane protein. The dissimilar regions of human carboxypeptidases may provide information on sequences responsible for their different cellular disposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of Chemical Reactions in Silica‐Coated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Interstitial Fluid Pressure Is Associated with Tumor-Line Specific Vascular Abnormalities in Human Melanoma Xenografts (2012)

High IFP in A-07-GFP and R-18-GFP human melanoma xenografts was primarily a consequence of high blood flow resistance caused by tumor-line specific vascular abnormalities.
Improved lossless intra coding for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (2006)

A new lossless intra coding method based on sample-by-sample differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is presented as an enhancement of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard. The H.264/AVC design includes a multidirectional spatial prediction method to reduce spatial redundancy by using neighboring samples as a prediction for the samples in a block of data to be encoded. In the new lossless intra coding method, the spatial prediction is performed based on samplewise DPCM instead of in the block-based manner used in the current H.264/AVC standard, while the block structure is retained for the residual difference entropy coding process. We show that the new method, based on samplewise DPCM, does not have a major complexity penalty, despite its apparent pipeline dependencies. Experiments show that the new lossless intra coding method reduces the bit rate by approximately 12% in comparison with the lossless intra coding method previously included in the H.264/AVC standard. As a result, the new method is currently being adopted into the H.264/AVC standard in a new enhancement project.
P210 and P190 Induce the Tyrosine Phosphorylation and DNA Binding Activity of Multiple Specific STAT Family Members (1996)

The products of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation, P210 and P190(BCR/ABL), are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that share the ability to transform hematopoietic cytokine-dependent cell lines to cytokine independence but differ in the spectrum of leukemia induced in vivo. We have analyzed the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways in hematopoietic cells transformed by Bcr/Abl. STAT5 and, to a lesser extent, STATs 1 and 3 were constitutively activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and induction of DNA binding activity in both P210 and P190(BCR/ABL)-transformed cells, but P190 differed in that it also prominently activated STAT6. There was low level tyrosine phosphorylation of JAKs 1, 2, and 3 in Bcr/Abl-transformed cells, but no detectable complex formation with Bcr/Abl, and activation of STAT5 by P210 was not blocked by two different dominant-negative JAK mutants. These results suggest that P210 and P190(BCR/ABL) directly activate specific STAT family members and may help explain their overlapping yet distinct roles in leukemogenesis.
The RNA2 5′ leader of Blackcurrant reversion virus mediates efficient in vivo translation through an internal ribosomal entry site mechanism (2006)

The 5' and 3' non-translated regions (NTRs) of mRNAs of eukaryotes and their viruses often contain translational enhancers, including internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) comprised in the 5' leaders of many uncapped viral mRNAs. Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) has a genome composed of two uncapped, polyadenylated RNAs with relatively short 5' NTRs, almost devoid of secondary structure. In this work, a role of the RNA2 5' NTR in translation was studied by using mono- and dicistronic Photinus pyralis and Renilla reniformis luciferase reporter mRNAs in protoplasts of Nicotiana benthamiana. The RNA2 5' leader was found to confer efficient in vivo translation compared with the control 5' NTR, and each half of the BRV leader was essential for stimulatory function. Such efficient translational enhancement was mediated, at least in part, through an IRES mechanism. Multiple RNA2 5' NTR regions, complementary to a fragment of plant 18S rRNA demonstrated previously to be accessible for intermolecular mRNA-rRNA interactions and conserved between eukaryotes, were shown to be important for efficient translation. Similar mRNA-rRNA base-pairing potential was also predicted for the 5' leaders of other nepoviruses.
A hybrid method for predicting the complete scattering function from limited data (1995)

The three-dimensional acoustic scattering function of an object is very difficult and expensive to measure, even in controlled experiments. Usually one is limited to sampling this function at a limited number of monostatic angles and perhaps at a few bistatic angles in a single plane. However, the three-dimensional function is controlled by relatively few degrees of freedom at low frequencies. By using a computational model to generate the far-field propagator function for the object, and applying reciprocity conditions as a constraint, a least-squares problem can be formulated to estimate the radiating part of the surface source strength. Singular value decomposition of the propagator function is used to identify the efficient radiating modes. Once the surface source density is determined by solving the least-squares problem, the full three-dimensional scattering function can be reconstructed. The theoretical basis for this technique will be presented, along with a discussion of results obtained to date. Practical issues dealing with the numerical implementation and computational efficiency will also be discussed.
Rapid identification using a specific DNA probe of Mycobacterium avium complex from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1987)

Specific DNA probes (Gen-Probe Corp., San Diego, Calif.) for Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared with conventional methods for the identification of isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex. A total of 56 isolates of M. avium complex were recovered from 34 respiratory, 13 blood, 6 stool, and 3 urine samples from 23 patients. A total of 33 isolates were tested directly from Middlebrook 7H11 agar plates, and 23 isolates were tested directly from BACTEC radiometric 12B bottles (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.). Of the 56 M. avium complex isolates, 41 tested positive with the M. avium probe, 4 were positive with the M. intracellulare probe, and 7 were positive with both probes. Four direct tests from BACTEC bottles were initially negative but were subsequently M. avium probe positive when subcultures from Lowenstein-Jensen agar were tested. All 56 strains were negative when tested with the M. tuberculosis probe.