gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of gossypol enantiomers and its quinone metabolite gossypolone in melanoma cell lines (1997)

The cytotoxicity of the (-)- and (+)-isomers and the quinone metabolite gossypolone prepared from the naturally occurring polyphenolic dialdehyde gossypol were compared using two human melanoma cell lines (SK-mel-19 and SK-mel-28) with a similar growth rate, one melanotic (melanin content of 69 pg/cell) and one amelanotic (melanin content of 10 pg/cell). Results from two viability assays (MTT and flow cytometry) showed that the cytotoxicity of racemic gossypol was identical for both cell lines (50% inhibition of cell growth IC50 = 22 microM). Gossypolone at equimolar concentrations was inactive in the amelanotic cell line and as potent as racemic gossypol in the melanotic cell line. (-)-Gossypol was significantly more active in both cell lines compared with the (+)-isomer. The cytotoxic effect of (-)-gossypol was both concentration and time dependent. Under serum-free conditions, the cytotoxicity of both enantiomers was increased, suggesting that serum protein binding may play a role in the differential toxicity of these isomers in vitro. Morphological changes after exposure to (-)-gossypol included shrinkage and loss of adherence. Cell sensitivity to the (-)-isomer was five-fold greater (IC50 = 4 microM) using a clonogenic assay. At equimolar concentrations, (-)-gossypol was more cytotoxic to both cell lines than the clinically used drugs cisplatin, dacarbazine and melphalan. The results of this study suggest that (-)-gossypol may be of potential therapeutic benefit in melanoma patients.
Nonlegume Hemoglobin Genes Retain Organ-Specific Expression in Heterologous Transgenic Plants (1990)

Didier Bogusz, Danny J. Llewellyn, Stuart Craig, Elizabeth S. Dennis, Cyril A. Appleby, W. James Peacock, Nonlegume Hemoglobin Genes Retain Organ-Specific Expression in Heterologous Transgenic Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 7 (Jul., 1990), pp. 633-641
A Small Array of Boresight to Endfire Radiation Reconfigurable Antennas (2003)

This work describes the development of a 2x2 array of pattern reconfigurable antennas, capable of switching between boresight and endfire radiation patterns over a common impedance bandwidth. The reconfigurable element for the array is a single turn square spiral microstrip antenna on an electrically thin substrate, and is capable of reconfiguring its radiation pattern from boresight to endfire using two surface-mounted switching elements. An outline of the theory developed for standing wave devices to generate reconfigurable pattern behavior is also included. Application of the antenna array to geosynchronous satellites is also provided.
Heparin Effect on Bone Density (1990)

In order to provide estimates of the risks of symptomatic osteoporosis and reduced bone density in premenopausal women treated with long-term (greater than 1 month) heparin therapy, we evaluated a cohort of 61 consecutive premenopausal women previously treated with long-term heparin (cases) and a group of controls matched for age, parity and duration between the last pregnancy and evaluation. All patients underwent dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and single photon absorptiometry of the wrist and most cases underwent plain lateral radiography of the thoracolumbar spine in order to exclude silent fractures. Although none of the cases suffered symptomatic fractures (0 of 61, 95% confidence intervals 0.0 to 5.9%), there was a significantly greater proportion of cases than controls with bone density below our pre-defined levels. The long-term implications of our findings are uncertain but because it is possible that the reduction in bone density predisposes women to fractures, this potential risk should be considered when treating women with long-term heparin.
The Type I Interferon Receptor: Structure, Function, and Evolution of a Family Business (1999)

Recent results indicate that coherent models of how multiple interferons (IFN) are recognized and signal selectively through a common receptor are now feasible. A proposal is made that the IFN receptor, with its subunits IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2, presents two separate ligand binding sites, and this double structure is both necessary and sufficient to ensure that the different IFN are recognized and can act selectively. The key feature is the duplication of the extracellular domain of the IFNAR-1 subunit and the configurational geometry that this imposes on the intracellular domains of the receptor subunits and their associated tyrosine kinases.
Purification and inactivation of the factor X activator of Russell's viper venom with monoclonal antibodies. (1983)

Two monoclonal antibodies, MP1 and MP2, specific for factor X activator (RVV-X) present in Russell's viper venom (RVV) have been produced. The antigenic components of the venom which bound to the antibodies on affinity columns showed identical mobilities, molecular weight 85,000, on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Antigen purified by one antibody bound to the other. The RVV components eluted from MP1 and MP2 affinity columns were active in promoting blood coagulation and hydrolysed purified factor X. Neutralization tests in vitro showed that MP2 but not MP1 inhibited the coagulant activity of RVV-X. Competitive binding assays showed that MP1 and MP2 recognized different antigenic sites on RVV-X. The possible clinical applications of these antibodies are discussed.
First-in-Man Demonstration of Direct Endothelin-Mediated Natriuresis and Diuresis (2017)

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists are potentially novel therapeutic agents in chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension, but their use is complicated by sodium and water retention. In animal studies, this side effect arises from ET<sub>B</sub> receptor blockade in the renal tubule. Previous attempts to determine whether this mechanism operates in humans have been confounded by the hemodynamic consequences of ET receptor stimulation/blockade. We aimed to determine the effects of ET signaling on salt transport in the human nephron by administering subpressor doses of the ET-1 precursor, big ET-1. We conducted a 2-phase randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 10 healthy volunteers. After sodium restriction, subjects received either intravenous placebo or big ET-1, in escalating dose (≤300 pmol/min). This increased plasma concentration and urinary excretion of ET-1. Big ET-1 reduced heart rate (≈8 beats/min) but did not otherwise affect systemic hemodynamics or glomerular filtration rate. Big ET-1 increased the fractional excretion of sodium (from 0.5 to 1.0%). It also increased free water clearance and tended to increase the abundance of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in urinary extracellular vesicles. Our protocol induced modest increases in circulating and urinary ET-1. Sodium and water excretion increased in the absence of significant hemodynamic perturbation, supporting a direct action of ET-1 on the renal tubule. Our data also suggest that sodium reabsorption is stimulated by ET-1 in the thick ascending limb and suppressed in the distal renal tubule. Fluid retention associated with ET receptor antagonist therapy may be circumvented by coprescribing potassium-sparing diuretics.
Calcium movements across the membrane of human red cells (1969)

1. A study has been made of the cellular content and movement of Ca across the membrane of human red blood cells.2. The [Ca] in the cellular contents of fresh red cells is 4.09 x 10(-2) mM. The intracellular concentration of free ionic Ca ([Ca(2+)]) is considered to be less than this value and therefore less than extracellular [Ca(2+)] under normal conditions.3. Observation of unidirectional Ca fluxes with (45)Ca confirms previous reports of low permeability of the red cell membrane for Ca. After nearly 1 week of loading in the cold, intracellular (45)Ca content is 1.8% of extracellular (45)Ca content. Appearance in extracellular fluid of (45)Ca from coldloaded cells can be considered to arise from two compartments. Efflux of (45)Ca from the ;slower compartment' is accelerated by the addition of glucose.4. Starved red cells, incubated at 37 degrees C, after reversible haemolysis for loading with Ca and Mg-ATP, exhibit an outward net transport of Ca against an electrochemical gradient. The transport is associated with the appearance of inorganic phosphate (P(i)). Cells treated similarly, but without ATP show no transport and no appearance of P(i).5. During the initial phase of transport, 1.3 mole P(i) appear per mole Ca transported.6. The transport of Ca from ATP-loaded cells is highly temperature-dependent, with a Q(10) of 3.5.7. Cell membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of reversibly haemolysed cells is stimulated only by intracellular, and not by extracellular Ca.8. Neither Ca transport in reversibly haemolysed cells, nor the Ca-Mg activated ATPase of isolated cell membranes is sensitive to Na, K, ouabain or oligomycin.9. Mg is not transported under the conditions which reveal Ca transport, but Mg appears to be necessary for Ca transport.10. Sr is transported from reversibly haemolysed Mg-ATP-loaded cells. Sr also can substitute for Ca, but not for Mg, in the activation of membrane ATPase.11. It is concluded that, in addition to a low passive permeability, an active extrusion mechanism for Ca exists in the human red cell membrane. This extrusion mechanism, in addition to a low passive membrane permeability for Ca, may represent the means by which intracellular Ca content is maintained at a low level. It is suggested that the Ca-Mg activated membrane ATPase and the active transport of Ca are two manifestations of the same process.
Restoration of Injured or Degenerated Articular Cartilage (1994)

Intra-articular fractures, ligamentous and meniscal injuries, and articular cartilage breakdown are major causes of degenerative joint disease. Lesions on the articular surface seem to have a limited capacity for repair and often progress inexorably toward osteoarthritis. Recent studies on joint immobilization and cartilage atrophy, however, have shown that repair and remodeling of articular cartilage may be possible. Currently used clinical methods of stimulating cartilage repair and remodeling include alteration of the loading on degenerated joints (primarily by using osteotomies), introduction of new cartilage-forming cells by perforation of subchondral bone, and soft-tissue arthroplasty. These procedures provide temporary relief in selected patients, but they often do not predictably restore long-term joint function. Experimentally, cartilage repair has been stimulated successfully with the use of allografts of periosteum and perichondrium, which serve as sources of cells with chondrogenic potential; introduction of cells grown in culture (stem cells or chondrocytes); stimulation by fibrin clot formation; artificial collagen matrices combined with cell transplants; and chondrogenic growth factors. The long-term success of all these methods has not been explored thoroughly, even in animal studies. Nevertheless, some research results are sufficiently encouraging to suggest that repair of the degenerating articular cartilage may be possible in the future.
AMP-activated protein kinase, super metabolic regulator (2003)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic-stress-sensing protein kinase that regulates metabolism in response to energy demand and supply by directly phosphorylating rate-limiting enzymes in metabolic pathways as well as controlling gene expression.
CHROMIUM PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION IN MALE AND FEMALE SWIMMERS 664 (1996)

The effects of 24 weeks of daily chromium supplementation (400 μg Cr as picolinate) were investigated in a double-blind design on 40 collegiate swimmers (20 male and 20 female) during the course of a full competitive season. Testing was performed pre-, mid-, and post-supplementation for the following parameters: lean body mass, fat mass, and percent body fat. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female) were randomly placed into each of two groups, chromium picolineate (CP) or placebo (P). The volume and intensity of training were controlled for both groups. Body composition parameters were measured using standard hydrodensiometry procedures. Mean results (male and female) for pre- and post-supplementation indicated that the CP group significantly(p<0.05) increased lean mass (+3.3%), decreased fat mass (-4.6%), and decreased percent body fat (-6.43%), compared to the P group. Mean results for the comparison between pre- and mid-supplementation (12 wk) measurements with respect to the body composition parameters indicated slight changes(p>0.05). Females had a greater magnitude and rate of change for body fat percentage compared to males (-8.2% and -4.66%), possibly owing to their higher initial relative body fat percentage. The greatest rate of change for both males and females, in body composition parameters, occurred between weeks 12 and 24. From these data it appears that CP was effective in inducing changes in body composition for both female and male swimmers, after 12 wk. It is speculated that early body composition adaptations were more related to the changes in training frequency, intensity and duration, rather than CP supplementation. These data also suggest that the effectiveness of CP may require a longer supplementation period than is routinely used; and may be more effective when used in conjunction with higher intensity aerobic exercise, as performed in this study.
Infections of the Eye (1995)

Journal Article Infections of the Eye Get access Jules Baum Jules Baum From Boston Eye Associates, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts Correspondence: Dr. Jules Baurn, Boston Eye Associates, 1244 Boylston Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 21, Issue 3, September 1995, Pages 479–488, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.479 Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Received: 08 May 1995 Published: 01 September 1995
Single bit-map block truncation coding of color images (1992)

A color-image data compression technique based on block truncation coding (BTC) is described. BTC is first implemented to encode a weighted trichromatic image. The bit map generated is then used to compress each of the R, G, and B signals separately, removing the intercolor correlations. The weighted trichromatic signal is generated by properly weighting R, G, and B signals so that the reconstructed R, G, and B signals have minimum mean square error (MSE). Another approach using a bit-wise majority rule on the R, G, and B BTC bit maps is also discussed. The algorithm preserves the spatial details in the image content and has low computational complexity. An 8:1 compression can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XIII. Syntheses and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 2-Benzyl(phenethyl, biphenyl-4'-yl, 6'-methylnaphthalen-2'-yl, t-Butyl and cyclohexyl)-3-methoxy(acylaminomethyl and dimethylaminomethyl)-6-(variously substituted)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines (1992)

6-(Variously substituted)-3-methoxy(unsubstituted, dimethylaminomethyl, acetamidomethyl and benzamidomethy1)-2-benzyl(phenethyl, biphenyl-4'-yl, 6'-methylnaphthalen-2'-yl, t-butyl and cyclohexyl)imidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines have been prepared and examined for activity in the central nervous system. Of these, 2-benzyl-3-methoxy-6-(3'-methoxybenzylamino) imidazo[1,2- b ]pyridazine (IC50 88nM) bound most strongly to rat brain membrane. In general, the order of activity for groups at the 2-position was Ph &amp;gt; PhCH2 &amp;gt; PhCH2CH2 &amp;gt; C6H4Ph- p , 6'-methylnaphthalen-2'-yl, c-C6H11 or But.
The trithorax group gene osa encodes an ARID-domain protein that genetically interacts with the Brahma chromatin-remodeling factor to regulate transcription (1999)

The trithorax group gene brahma (brm) encodes the ATPase subunit of a chromatin-remodeling complex involved in homeotic gene regulation. We report here that brm interacts with another trithorax group gene, osa, to regulate the expression of the Antennapedia P2 promoter. Regulation of Antennapedia by BRM and OSA proteins requires sequences 5' to the P2 promoter. Loss of maternal osa function causes severe segmentation defects, indicating that the function of osa is not limited to homeotic gene regulation. The OSA protein contains an ARID domain, a DNA-binding domain also present in the yeast SWI1 and Drosophila DRI proteins. We propose that the OSA protein may target the BRM complex to Antennapedia and other regulated genes.
BMP-2 Does Not Influence the Osteogenic Fate of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (2009)

The data suggests that osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells is marginally affected by the addition of BMP-2. Consequently, stem cells in combination with BMP-2 may not be a viable strategy for the bony healing.
Infrared Reflective and Transparent Inverted Metamorphic Triple Junction Solar Cells (2010)

The infrared (IR) portion of the solar spectrum with photon energies below the lowest bandgap in III–V multijunction photovoltaic devices does not contribute to electrical power and is typically ignored during solar cell design. In a three junction inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cell with a 1.0 eV bottom junction, this infrared light makes up 16% of the total power and can be extracted from the cell by reflective or transparent designs. We demonstrate several IMM designs that are about 39% efficient under concentration, allow this IR power to be used elsewhere, and reduce the heat load by about 20% relative to Ge‐based solar cells that are also 40% efficient.
Chloride channels in the apical membrane of normal and cystic fibrosis airway and intestinal epithelia (1992)

Cl- channels located in the apical membrane of secretory epithelia play a key role in epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Dysfunction of one of these channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), causes the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). We review here the properties and regulation of the different types of Cl- channels that have been reported in airway and intestinal epithelia. We begin by describing the properties of the CFTR Cl- channel and then use those properties as a point of reference. We focused particularly on the evidence that localizes specific types of Cl- channel to the apical membrane. With that background, we assess the biological function of various Cl- channels in airway and intestinal epithelia.
The Internet: The Missing Manual (2006)

The Internet is almost synonymous with change--that's one of its charms, and one of its headaches. You may think you know the Internet, but are you really up to speed on internet telephones, movie and TV downloading, blogging, gaming, online banking, dating, and photosharing? This utterly current book covers: Getting Online: Readers will have all the information they need to decide what kind of broadband connection works best for them, which browser they should use, and what kind of spyware-fighting and virus-and spam-protection measures they need to protect themselves. Finding Information: Google may be the leading search site, but it's certainly not the only game in town. This book introduces a diverse and useful collection of sites that help uncover everything from health care information, to shopping, travel and finance, to dependable reviews and ratings. Movies, music, and photos: The Web's teeming with entertainment--and not just the sort of postage-stamp sized videos that only a geek could love. Learn where to download movies, watch TV online, listen to music, play games, and post and share photos with friends. Keeping in touch: Email's only the beginning. This book introduces readers to the many tools that make the modern Internet such a great way to stay connected. From Web-based discussion groups to instant messaging programs, and from blogs and podcasts to Internet-based phone calls, this book will help you join the conversation. Ideal for anyone just venturing into cyberspace, this book is also perfect for more experienced users who could use an update to today's most exciting internet applications.
Point mutations in conserved amino acid residues within the C‐terminal domain of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase specifically repress RNase H function (1989)

Two single site substitutions (E478----Q and H539----F) were introduced into the C-terminal RNase H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. These mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Both enzymes are clearly defective in RNase H function, but exhibit wild type reverse transcriptase activity.
Selected New Developments in Computational Chemistry (1996)

Molecular dynamics is a general technique for simulating the time-dependent properties of molecules and their environments.Quantum mechanics, as applied to molecules or clusters of molecules, provides a prescription for predicting properties exactly (in principle).It is reasonable to expect that both will have a profound effect on our understanding of environmental chemistry in the future.In this review, we consider several recent advances and applications in computational chemistry.
Serological response of melanoma patients receiving melanoma cell vaccines. I. Autologous cultured melanoma cells (1982)

Our past studies have defined Class 1 (unique), Class 2 (shared) and Class 3 (widely distributed) melanoma cell surface antigens by serological typing with autologous antibody. These definitions provide the basis for determining the immunogenicity of a series of melanoma vaccines in patients with malignant melanoma. The first vaccine we tested in this way was prepared from autologous melanoma cell lines, and the results of our trial are the basis of this report. Thirteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were vaccinated with irradiated, cultured autologous melanoma cells mixed with BCG in an attempt to induce a serological response to Class 1 or 2 melanoma antigens. Antibodies were measured by protein A (PA), mixed hemadsorption (MHA), immune adherence (IA), C3-mixed hemadsorption (C3-MHA) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. The specificity of observed reactions was defined by absorption analysis. Eight patients showed an increase in the titer of antibodies to autologous melanoma cell surface antigens after vaccination. In two of these patients, the antibodies had specificity for shared melanoma antigens. In six patients, the antibodies were directed solely against antigens related to the fetal calf serum (FCS) used in growing cells for serological testing and vaccine preparation. We conclude that unmodified autologous cultured melanoma cells, administered as they were in this trial, induce a serological response to melanoma cell surface antigens only in exceptional cases.
Effects of currently prescribed LDL-C-lowering drugs on PCSK9 and implications for the next generation of LDL-C-lowering agents (2011)

It has become clear that the major classes of commonly prescribed lipid-lowering medications increase serum PCSK9 levels. These observations almost certainly explain why these agents are not more effective in lowering LDL-C and suggest that efforts should be made toward the development of new LDL-C lowering medications that either do not increase circulating PCSK9 levels or work through decreasing or inhibiting PCSK9.