gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in lymphocytes. (1996)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are nonmembrane spanning cell surface proteins that have been demonstrated to be signal transduction molecules. Because these proteins do not extend into the cytoplasm, the mechanism by which cross-linking of these molecules leads to intracellular signal transduction events is obscure. Previous analysis has indicated that these proteins are associated with src family member tyrosine kinases; however, the role this interaction plays in the generation of intracellular signals is not clear. Here we show that GPI-anchored proteins are associated with alpha subunits of heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins (G proteins) in both human and murine lymphocytes. When the GPI-anchored proteins CD59, CD48, and Thy-1 were immunoprecipitated from various cell lines or freshly isolated lymphocytes, all were found to be associated with a 41-kDa phosphoprotein that we have identified, by using specific antisera, as a mixture of tyrosine phosphorylated G protein alpha subunits: a small amount of Gialpha1, and substantial amounts of Gialpha2 and Gialpha3. GTP binding assays performed with immunoprecipitations of CD59 indicated that there was GTP-binding activity associated with this molecule. Thus, we have shown by both immunochemical and functional criteria that GPI-anchored proteins are physically associated with G proteins. These experiments suggest a potential role of G proteins in the transduction of signals generated by GPI-anchored molecules expressed on lymphocytes of both mouse and human.
Improving cell encapsulation through size control (2002)

Capsules based on the polyelectrolyte complexation between the polyanions sodium alginate and sodium cellulose sulphate with the polycation poly(methylene-co-guanidine) hydrochloride in the presence of calcium chloride have previously shown important advantages for cell encapsulation. However, in vivo long-term applications require capsule features that are well suited for the functionality of encapsulated cells. These should be targeted to the site of implantation with an appropriate size, a relative stability, and suitable diffusion properties. This study shows the effect of capsule size reduction, from 1 mm to 400 microm, on capsule quality control, mechanical stability, diffusion properties, and in vitro activities of the encapsulated cells. Following a controlled preparation, it was determined that the capsule mechanical stability was largely dependent on the volume ratio of the capsule over the membrane. The molecule diffusion time was related to the surface/volume ratio of the capsule even for the capsules exhibiting an identical cut-off towards the proteins and the dextran molecules. Finally, the in vitro cellular activities, for both primary cultures of rat islets and murine hepatocytes, were improved for cells encapsulated into the 400 microm capsules compared with those in the 1 mm capsules. All of these findings suggest that the smaller capsules present better properties for future clinical applications, at the same time widening the choice of implantation site, and strengthen the notion that slight changes in the capsular morphological parameters can largely influence the graft function in vivo.
Extracellular ATP4- promotes cation fluxes in the J774 mouse macrophage cell line. (1987)

Extracellular ATP stimulates transmembrane ion fluxes in the mouse macrophage cell line J774. In the presence of Mg2+, nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs and other purine and pyrimidine nucleotides do not elicit this response, suggesting the presence of a specific receptor for ATP on the macrophage plasma membrane. One candidate for such a receptor is the ecto-ATPase expressed on these cells. We, therefore, investigated the role of this enzyme in ATP-induced 86Rb+ efflux in J774 cells. The ecto-ATPase had a broad nucleotide specificity and did not hydrolyze extracellular ATP in the absence of divalent cations. 86Rb+ efflux was not blocked by inhibition of the ecto-ATPase and did not require Ca2+ or Mg2+. In fact, ATP-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux was inhibited by Mg2+ and correlated with the availability of ATP4- in the medium. In the absence of divalent cations, the slowly hydrolyzable ATP analogs adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATP-gamma-S) also stimulated 86Rb+ efflux, albeit at higher concentrations than that required for ATP4-. Exposure of J774 cells to 10 mM ATP for 45 min caused death of 95% of cells. By this means we selected variant J774 cells that did not exhibit 86Rb+ efflux in the presence of extracellular ATP but retained ecto-ATPase activity. These results show that the ecto-ATPase of J774 cells does not mediate the effects of ATP on these cells; that ATP4- and not MgATP2- promotes 86Rb+ efflux from these cells; and that hydrolysis of ATP is not required to effect this change in membrane permeability. These findings suggest that J774 cells possess a plasma membrane receptor which binds ATP4-, AMP-PNP, and ATP-gamma-S, and that the ecto-ATPase limits the effects of ATP on these cells by hydrolyzing Mg-ATP2-.
Zur Photolyse von makromolekularen o‐Nitrobenzylderivaten (1981)

Abstract Copolymerisate mit o‐Nitrobenzylesterseitengruppen reagieren bei UV‐Belichtung unter Bildung des entsprechenden o‐Nitrosobenzaldehyds und seitenständiger Carboxylgruppen. Am Beispiel des Poly‐o‐nitrobenzylacrylats und einiger niedermolekularer o‐Nitrobenzylderivate wird die Reaktion näher untersucht. Der Einfluß von Sensibilisatoren, Löschsubstanzen sowie von Substituenten am aromatischen Ring auf die Reaktivität wird beschrieben. Aufbauend auf diesem Reaktionsprinzip können ”positiv arbeitende“ Photolacke hergestellt werden.
Regulation of protein kinase C isozymes in kidney regeneration. (1993)

Tissue damage and repair processes are important factors in renal tumor progression. To determine whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in these processes, we characterized PKC isozymes during rat kidney regeneration using 3 models: (a) diffuse cortical hyperplasia and hypertrophy induced by folic acid; (b) focal necrosis of the S3 segments induced by S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine; and (c) compensatory renal hypertrophy. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that 5 PKC isozymes, alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, and zeta, were expressed in rat kidney. Six h after folic acid treatment, phorbol ester receptors were down-modulated. Down-modulation preceded an increase in DNA synthesis which was maximal at 24 h. The reduction in phorbol ester receptors was due largely to a decrease in alpha-PKC. zeta-PKC, which is not a phorbol ester receptor, was also decreased. delta- and epsilon-PKCs were not changed. However, alpha-PKC was not down-modulated during compensatory hypertrophy induced by unilateral nephrectomy. Thus, the observed decrease of alpha-PKC after folic acid treatment is most likely associated with the hyperplastic and not the hypertrophic effects of this renal toxin. These results demonstrate that activation-associated down-modulation of PKC, in particular alpha-PKC, occurs during chemical-induced renal regeneration and suggests a general role for PKC activation in non-phorbol ester tumor promotion.
Linear quadratic control of SSSC to increase power oscillations damping of HVDC-AC power system (2015)

The HVDC-AC transmission system is becoming more and more popular for its numerous benefits, such as low cost, low losses for long distance transmission, etc. However, the power oscillation of this hybrid system has become a major obstacle for its further application. Tons of methods have been tried to damp the power oscillation and static series synchronous compensator (SSSC) is proved to be one of the most effective way for its excellent inherent characteristics. The SSSC offers many advantages as a FACTS device, but it is challenging to design a perfect controller for its application in a nonlinear system. In this paper, a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) for SSSC is designed to increase power oscillations damping (POD) of an HVDC-AC power system. The LQR optimizes the system input (injected voltage of SSSC) to the reference value with full state feedback so that no vague controller parameter (such as PI controller parameters) is needed. The Algebraic Riccati Equation is introduced as well to provide the solutions for the controller parameters. Simulation results validate the feasibility of proposed modeling and control approach.
Homologies between T cell receptor junctional sequences unique to multiple sclerosis and T cells mediating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (1994)

The selection of T cell clones with mutations in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene has been used to isolate T cells reactive to myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). These T cell clones are activated in vivo, and are not found in healthy individuals. The third complementarity determining regions (CDR3) of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains are the putative contact sites for peptide fragments of MBP bound in the groove of the HLA molecule. The TCR V gene usage and CDR3s of these MBP-reactive hprt-T cell clones are homologous to TCRs from other T cells relevant to MS, including T cells causing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and T cells found in brain lesions and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. In vivo activated MBP-reactive T cells in MS patients may be critical in the pathogenesis of MS.
Improving Technical Analysis Predictions: An Application of Genetic Programming (1999)

Recent studies in finance domain suggest that technical analysis may have merit to predictability of stock. Technical rules are widely used for market assessment and timing. For example, moving average rules are used to make buy or sell decisions at each day. In this paper, to explore the potential prediction power of technical analysis, we present a genetic programming based system FGP (Financial Genetic Programming), which specialises in taking some well known technical rules and adapting them to prediction problems. FGP uses the power of genetic programming to generate decision trees through efficient combination of technical rules with self-adjusted thresholds. The generated rules are more suitable for the prediction problem at hand. FGP was tested extensively on historical S&P 500 data through a specific prediction problem. Preliminary results show that it outperforms commonly used, non-adaptive, individual technical rules with respect to prediction accuracy and annualised rate of return over two different out-of-sample test periods (three and a half year in each period).
DNA sequence changes in mutations in the tonB gene on the chromosome of Escherichia coli K12: Insertion elements dominate the spontaneous spectra (1995)

To obtain insight into the nature and mechanisms of spontaneous mutations, Escherichia coli K12 strain TM31 was constructed to determine, by DNA sequencing, the mutational spectrum of the tonB gene on the chromosome. We inserted the chloramphenicol resistant gene 1.6 kb upstream of the tonB gene, thus making it possible to retrieve the mutated tonB gene from the chromosome by shotgun cloning using a drug-resistant marker. The spontaneous mutation frequency in the tonB gene, which was judged by its colicin B-resistant phenotype, is 3-10 x 10(-7). Spontaneous mutations were dominated by large insertions that are identified by DNA sequencing to be IS elements; IS1 dominated, but IS2, IS5, and IS10 were also obtained. In uvrA- strain, transposition of both IS10-R and IS10-L are equally increased, suggesting the interaction of the UvrA protein and IS10 transposition. The base substitutions are the second largest group of mutations, among which G:C-->A:T transition is predominant. Deletions also contribute significantly in wild type with regard to DNA repair and uvrA- strains, but not recA- strain, suggesting that the RecA protein is involved to some extent in deletion formation. Endpoints of these deletions do not always correlate with the presence of repeated sequences, indicating the absence of homologous recombination for deletion formation.
Memory Reconsolidation and Extinction Have Distinct Temporal and Biochemical Signatures (2004)

Memory retrieval is not a passive phenomenon. Instead, it triggers a number of processes that either reinforce or alter stored information. Retrieval is thought to activate a second memory consolidation cascade (reconsolidation) that requires protein synthesis. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of memory reconsolidation are dependent on the strength and age of the memory, such that younger and weaker memories are more easily reconsolidated than older and stronger memories. We also report that reconsolidation and extinction, two opposing processes triggered by memory retrieval, have distinct biochemical signatures: pharmacological antagonism of either cannabinoid receptor 1 or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels blocks extinction but not reconsolidation. These studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of memory processing after retrieval and represent a first step toward a molecular dissection of underlying mechanisms.
Hyperexcitability in fibromyalgia. (1998)

There is a state of central hyperexcitability in the nociceptive system in FM. This hyperexcitability can be revealed by excitation of intramuscular nociceptors in a muscle with no spontaneous pain.
Self-Reliance and Coalition in an Age of Reaction (1984)

In this Foreward, Professor McGee comments on the continued vitality of the Black Law Journal. This vitality shows that the plight of racial minorities will be continually addressed from a variety of intellectual perspectives.
Stiffness Gradients Mimicking In Vivo Tissue Variation Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is regulated in part by tissue stiffness, yet MSCs can often encounter stiffness gradients within tissues caused by pathological, e.g., myocardial infarction ∼8.7±1.5 kPa/mm, or normal tissue variation, e.g., myocardium ∼0.6±0.9 kPa/mm; since migration predominantly occurs through physiological rather than pathological gradients, it is not clear whether MSC differentiate or migrate first. MSCs cultured up to 21 days on a hydrogel containing a physiological gradient of 1.0±0.1 kPa/mm undergo directed migration, or durotaxis, up stiffness gradients rather than remain stationary. Temporal assessment of morphology and differentiation markers indicates that MSCs migrate to stiffer matrix and then differentiate into a more contractile myogenic phenotype. In those cells migrating from soft to stiff regions however, phenotype is not completely determined by the stiff hydrogel as some cells retain expression of a neural marker. These data may indicate that stiffness variation, not just stiffness alone, can be an important regulator of MSC behavior.
Optimised Fc variants with enhanced effector function (2006)

In the present invention, IgG1 Fc variants were engineered and examined for affinity to the Fc receptor and for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis effector functions. In vivo function was also examined. Several variants exhibited enhanced effector function, and optimal Fc variants were selected. These variants can be used for engineering of therapeutic antibodies with the goal of achieving improved and optimal biological activities related to Fc effector functions.
Oligomeric structure of a prototype retrovirus glycoprotein. (1988)

The structure of the Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein complex was studied by sedimentation gradient centrifugation analyses of detergent-solubilized wild-type and mutant envelope (env) gene products. These studies show that the envelope glycoprotein forms an oligomer during biosynthesis, which is most likely a trimer, and that this is the form of the complex found in virions. Our results are consistent with oligomer formation and transport out of the endoplasmic reticulum being closely linked. From analyses of mutant envelope proteins we conclude that the extracellular domain of the glycoprotein is sufficient for oligomer formation but that the transmembrane domain is required to stabilize this complex. Additional experiments suggest that interactions between external domains of the membrane-spanning, gp37 polypeptides are those most important for the formation of trimers. The significance of these observations to retroviral replication and implications for antiviral drug development are discussed.
Pseudomonas fluorescens (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Biology of Pseudomonas fluorescens History and Taxonomy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain Biovar I MB101 Cultivation Genomics and Functional Genomics of P. fluorescens Strain MB101 Core Expression Platform for Heterologous Proteins Antibiotic-free Plasmids using pyrF and proC Gene Deletion Strategy and Re-usable Markers Periplasmic Secretion and Use of Transposomes Alternative Expression Systems: Anthranilate and Benzoate-inducible Promoters Production of Heterologous Proteins in P. fluorescens Pharmaceutical Proteins Industrial Enzymes Agricultural Proteins Conclusions Appendix References
The PreA4695precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid is encoded by 16 exons (1989)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid A4 protein. Complementary DNA's coding for the precursor of the amyloid A4 protein have been described. In order to identify the structure of the precursor gene relevant clones from several human genomic libraries were isolated. Sequence analysis of the various clones revealed 16 exons to encode the 695 residue precursor protein (PreA4(695] of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein. The DNA sequence coding for the amyloid A4 protein is interrupted by an intron. This finding supports the idea that amyloid A4 protein arises by incomplete proteolysis of a larger precursor, and not by aberrant splicing.
Cadherin 11 promotes invasive behavior of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (2009)

The results of these in vitro studies implicate a role for cadherin 11 in promoting cell invasion and contribute insight into the invasive nature of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in chronic synovitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Protein Multilayer Formation on Colloids through a Stepwise Self-Assembly Technique (1999)

Multilayer films of the proteins fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were assembled on 640 nm diameter polystyrene (PS) latex particles by their alternate deposition with either positively or negatively charged polyelectrolytes. The proteins and polyelectrolytes were deposited under conditions where they were oppositely charged to one another, thereby facilitating growth of the films through electrostatic interactions. The regular, controlled, stepwise assembly of the protein and polyelectrolyte multilayer films was followed by electrophoretic mobility (EPM), single particle light scattering (SPLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. EPM measurements reveal alternating negative and positive ζ-potentials with deposition of each protein and polyelectrolyte layer, respectively, for the FITC-BSA multilayer films. In contrast, no reversal of the surface charge occurred for the deposition of IgG and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) in the construction of IgG multilayers, although an oscillatory behavior in ζ-potential was observed under the conditions studied. Both SPLS and TEM demonstrate that regular, stepwise protein multilayer growth occurs for both FITC-BSA and IgG. TEM also provides direct visual observation that the PS colloids are uniformly coated with protein. The stepwise, alternate assembly technique employed permits nanometer-level control over the thickness of the protein−polyelectrolyte shell surrounding the colloids. The formation of these novel, biologically functional, core-shell particles is expected to impact the areas of biotechnology and biochemical engineering.
A fully resurfed, BiCMOS-compatible, high voltage MOS transistor (2002)

In this paper a fully resurfed, high voltage MOS structure compatible with submicron BiCMOS technology is proposed and implemented. The device is junction-isolated and is therefore suitable for high-side drive applications. Using this structure, the resurf condition in the device can be optimized without altering the well regions. Devices with breakdown voltages over 200 V and specific on-resistances on the order of 20 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ were obtained.
Total Synthesis of a Gene (1979)

The method developed for the total synthesis of a given DNA containing biologically specific sequences consists of the following. The DNA in the double-stranded form is carefully divided into short single-stranded segments with suitable overlaps in the complementary strands. All the segments are chemically synthesized starting with protected nucleosides and mononucleotides. The 5'-OH ends of the appropriate oligonucleotides are then phosphorylated with the use of [y-32P]ATP and polynucleotide kinase. A few to several neighboring oligonucleotides are then allowed to form bihelical complexes in aqueous solution, and the latter are joined end to end by polynucleotide ligase to form covalently linked duplexes. Subsequent heat-to-tail joining of the short duplexes leads to the total DNA. The methods are described for the construction of a biologically functional suppressor transfer RNA gene. The total work involved (i) the synthesis of a 126-nucleotide-long bihelical DNA corresponding to a known precursor to the tyrosine suppressor transfer RNA, (ii) the sequencing of the promoter region and the distal region adjoining the C-C-A end, which contained a signal for the processing of the RNA transcript, (iii) total synthesis of the 207 base-pair-long DNA, which included the control elements, as well as the Eco R1 restriction endonuclease specific sequences at the two ends, and (iv) full characterization by transcription in vitro and amber suppressor activity in vivo of the synthetic gene.
Use of an IRES Bicistronic Construct to Trace Expression of Exogenously Introduced mRNA in Zebrafish Embryos (2000)

To understand gene function in developing vertebrate embryos, co-injection of an mRNA for a reporter protein and an mRNA for a testing factor is widely used. However, because of the mosaic segregation of injected nucleic acids during early embryogenesis, whether both mRNAs are translated in the same cell remains uncertain. In the present study, we tested a new system of tracing the expression of a testing gene in zebrafish using an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) to express two proteins from the same mRNA template, thus eliminating the problem of independent translation observed in co-injection essays. A DNA construct was made for synthesizing bicistronic mRNA for NeuroD, a neurogenic transcription factor, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter. When the bicistronic mRNA for NeuroD and EGFP was injected into zebrafish embryos at one cell stage, all EGFP-expressing embryos showed ectopic expression of neuroD mRNA and the mRNA of its potential downstream gene, islet-1. Thus, the IRES bicistronic mRNA construct might be a more convincing means of analyzing gene function in developing zebrafish embryos.
Implications of recent trials with lipid-lowering drugs for hypertension management (1996)

University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, L Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.