gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress on Diamond-Based Cylindrical Dielectric Accelerating Structures (2006)

The development of a high gradient diamond‐based cylindrical dielectric loaded accelerator (DLA) is presented. A diamond‐loaded DLA can potentially sustain accelerating gradients far in excess of the limits experimentally observed for conventional metallic accelerating structures. The electrical and mechanical properties of diamond make it an ideal candidate material for use in dielectric accelerators: high rf breakdown level, extremely low dielectric losses and the highest available thermoconductive coefficient. We used the hot‐filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process to produce high quality 5–10 cm long cylindrical diamond layers. Our collaboration has also been developing a new method of CVD diamond surface preparation that reduces the secondary electron emission coefficient below unity. Special attention was paid to the numerical optimization of the waveguide to structure rf coupling section, where the surface magnetic and electric fields were minimized relative to the accelerating gradient and within known metal surface breakdown limits. We conclude with a brief overview of the use of diamond microstructures for use in compact rf sources.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the streptococcal C5a peptidase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes. (1990)

Streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCP), a recently discovered virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes, specifically cleaves the human serum chemotaxin C5a near its carboxyl terminus, destroying its ability to serve as a chemoattractant. We previously localized the SCP gene, scpA, to the 5.8-kb insert of the recombinant plasmid pTT1. Here we present the complete nucleotide sequence of scpA and its flanking regions. The gene initiates at a TTG codon and consists of 3501 base pairs, specifying a precursor protein of 128,252 daltons. Sequences resembling the promoter and ribosome-binding site of Gram-positive organisms are found upstream of scpA. The predicted amino acid sequence reveals the presence of a 31-residue signal peptide, putative cell wall spanning and membrane anchor domains. Regions of SCP show significant similarity to the sequences involved in the formation of the active site of the prokaryotic serine protease subtilisin. Results of Southern hybridization studies indicate that sequences highly similar to that of scpA are present in all serotypes of S. pyogenes tested.
Role of stem cells in cancer therapy and cancer stem cells: a review (2007)

For over 30 years, stem cells have been used in the replenishment of blood and immune systems damaged by the cancer cells or during treatment of cancer by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Apart from their use in the immuno-reconstitution, the stem cells have been reported to contribute in the tissue regeneration and as delivery vehicles in the cancer treatments. The recent concept of 'cancer stem cells' has directed scientific communities towards a different wide new area of research field and possible potential future treatment modalities for the cancer. Aim of this review is primarily focus on the recent developments in the use of the stem cells in the cancer treatments, then to discuss the cancer stem cells, now considered as backbone in the development of the cancer; and their role in carcinogenesis and their implications in the development of possible new cancer treatment options in future.
Chemistry of Metal−Metal-Bonded Early−Late Heterobimetallics:  Cooperative Reactions of Functional Groups at a Persistent Organometallic Zr−Rh Framework (2004)

The reaction of (C5H4−PPh2)2Zr(CH3)2 (5a) with HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 (6) leads to methane evolution and the formation of the early−late heterobimetallic complex [(μ-C5H4−PPh2)2(H3C−Zr−Rh(CO)PPh3)] (7a), which was characterized by X-ray diffraction (d(Zr−Rh) = 2.863(1) Å). The analogous dialkylphosphino-substituted complexes (C5H4−PR2)2Zr(CH3)2 (5b, R = isopropyl; 5c, R = cyclohexyl) react with the hydrido−rhodium reagent 6 to initially form the analogous bimetallic (Zr−Rh) complexes 7b,c, respectively. However, these complexes are not stable at ambient temperature in toluene solution, due to an equilibration with the products [(μ-C5H4−PR2)2(μ-CH3−Zr−Rh(PPh3))] (11) and [(μ-C5H4−PR2)2(H3C−Zr−Rh(CO)2)] (10). Treatment of the initially formed complexes 7b,c with carbon monoxide rapidly leads to the formation of the H3C(Zr−Rh)−dicarbonyl complexes 10b,c. The product 10c was characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The systems 7b,c are not stable in dichloromethane. They react readily with the solvent by abstraction of two chlorine atoms to yield the compounds [(μ-C5H4−PR2)2(μ-OC(CH3))(Cl−Zr−Rh−Cl)] (12b,c). Both products were characterized by X-ray diffraction. A cooperative action of the involved metals is assumed to account for the observed reactions at the intact heterobimetallic Zr−Rh framework.
Positive flatband voltage shift in MOS capacitors on n-type GaN (2002)

GaN MOS capacitors were fabricated using silicon dioxide deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition oxide at 900/spl deg/C. The MOS capacitor flatband voltage shift versus temperature was used to determine a pyroelectric charge coefficient of 3.7 /spl times/ 10/sup 9/ q/cm/sup 2/-K, corresponding to a pyroelectric voltage coefficient of 7.0 /spl times/ 10/sup 4/ V/m-K.
Characterization of intracellular copper pools in rat hepatocytes using the chelator diamsar (1997)

When hepatocytes are incubated with the chelator diamsar, two pools can be identified, which we have termed extractable and nonextractable. On entering the hepatocyte, 67Cu first associates with the extractable pool and, after approximately 2 h, moves to the nonextractable pool. Both pools demonstrate saturation and are filled as a function of Cu concentration and incubation time. Using the Michaelis-Menten equation, we have estimated the size of the pools after incubation with 67Cu for 30 min and 4 h. During this period the extractable pool decreases in size from 200 +/- 27 to 116 +/- 5 pmol/microgram DNA, whereas the nonextractable pool increases from 28 +/- 9 to 77 +/- 11 pmol/microgram DNA. Movement of Cu from the nonextractable pool to the extractable pool is slow and incomplete. Using [3H]diamsar, we demonstrate that uptake of the chelator is not rate limiting and probably does not occur by pinocytosis. Incubation with diamsar does not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase or cytochrome-c oxidase, although it does prevent the incorporation of 67Cu into ceruloplasmin. Incubation with zinc, which induces metallothionein, results in an increase in 67Cu associated with the nonextractable pool, suggesting that 67Cu-metallothionein constitutes at least part of the nonextractable pool.
Gene Expression from Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Airway Epithelial Cells (1992)

Lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) might be treated by gene therapy using viral vectors delivered to the airway. One potential vector is the defective human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV). We examined the AAV p5 transcription promoter for gene expression in immortalized cell lines derived from the airway (IB3-1) or pancreas (CFPAC-1) of CF patients. AAV vectors expressing the prokaryotic genes cat (pAAVp5cat) or neo (pAAVp5neo) from the p5 promoter were evaluated after introduction into IB3-1 or CFPAC-1 cells by lipofection. In transient assays in both cell lines, the cat gene was expressed 5- to 10-fold more efficiently from the p5 promoter than from a simian virus 40 early gene promoter (pSVcat). IB3-1 cells were transformed stably to geneticin resistance by pAAVp5neo at a 5-fold higher efficiency than by an SVneo vector. The AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region immediately upstream of the p5 promoter appears to have an enhancer effect and the promoter also contains a CREB site which confers a response to forskolin. In IB3-1 cells, expression of the cat gene from a p5 promoter was decreased about 5-fold by deletion of both the upstream ITR and the CREB site. The AAVp5neo vector was also packaged into AAV particles and used to infect IB3-1 cells as a transducing virus. Under these conditions, 60 to 70% of the cells could be stably transformed to geneticin resistance. Thus, AAV transducing vectors appear to be a highly efficient delivery system for stable integration and expression of genes in cultured airway epithelial cells.
Resveratrol is Not a Direct Activator of SIRT1 Enzyme Activity (2009)

Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol capable of exerting beneficial metabolic effects which are thought to be mediated in large by the activation of the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. Although resveratrol has been claimed to be a bona fide SIRT1 activator using a peptide substrate (Fluor de Lys-SIRT1 peptide substrate), recent reports indicate that this finding might be an experimental artifact and need to be clarified. Here, we show that: (i) the Fluor de Lys-SIRT1 peptide is an artificial SIRT1 substrate because in the absence of the covalently linked fluorophore the peptide itself is not a substrate of the enzyme, (ii) resveratrol does not activate SIRT1 in vitro in the presence of either a p53-derived peptide substrate or acetylated PGC-1alpha isolated from cells, and (iii) although SIRT1 deacetylates PGC-1alpha in both in vitro and cell-based assays, resveratrol did not activate SIRT1 under these conditions. Based on these observations, we conclude that the pharmacological effects of resveratrol in various models are unlikely to be mediated by a direct enhancement of the catalytic activity of the SIRT1 enzyme. In consequence, our data challenge the overall utility of resveratrol as a pharmacological tool to directly activate SIRT1.
"Site Selective" Formation of Low-Valent Titanium Reagents: An "Instant" Procedure for the Reductive Coupling of Oxo Amides to Indoles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Site Selective" Formation of Low-Valent Titanium Reagents: An "Instant" Procedure for the Reductive Coupling of Oxo Amides to IndolesAlois Fuerstner, Achim Hupperts, Arne Ptock, and Edo JanssenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5215–5229Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2762Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Drugging ATR: Progress in the Development of Specific Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer (2015)

In this article, we review the ATR inhibitor field from initial pharmacological tools to first-generation clinical candidates with the potential to bring benefit to cancer patients. ATR is a critical part of the cell DNA-damage response. Over the past decade or more, compounds with weak ATR potency and low specificity have been used as tools in early studies to elucidate ATR pharmacology. More recently highly potent, selective and in vivo active ATR inhibitors have been developed enabling detailed preclinical in vitro and in vivo target assessment to be made. The published studies reveal the potential of ATR inhibitors for use as monotherapy or in combination with DNA-damaging agents. To date, VX-970 and AZD6738, have entered clinical assessment.
Mutational spectrum analysis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia includes genes associated with epigenetic regulation: UTX, EZH2, and DNMT3A (2011)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, is characterized by monocytic proliferation, dysplasia, and progression to acute myeloid leukemia. CMML has been associated with somatic mutations in diverse recently identified genes. We analyzed 72 well-characterized patients with CMML (N = 52) and CMML-derived acute myeloid leukemia (N = 20) for recurrent chromosomal abnormalities with the use of routine cytogenetics and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays along with comprehensive mutational screening. Cytogenetic aberrations were present in 46% of cases, whereas single nucleotide polymorphism array increased the diagnostic yield to 60%. At least 1 mutation was found in 86% of all cases; novel UTX, DNMT3A, and EZH2 mutations were found in 8%, 10%, and 5.5% of patients, respectively. TET2 mutations were present in 49%, ASXL1 in 43%, CBL in 14%, IDH1/2 in 4%, KRAS in 7%, NRAS in 4%, and JAK2 V617F in 1% of patients. Various mutant genotype combinations were observed, indicating molecular heterogeneity in CMML. Our results suggest that molecular defects affecting distinct pathways can lead to similar clinical phenotypes.
An efficient total synthesis of desferrioxamine B (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient total synthesis of desferrioxamine BRaymond J. Bergeron and Joseph J. PegramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 14, 3131–3134Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00249a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00249a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1138Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approximation of the average power variation for Geometric adding signal approach of PAPR reduction in context of OFDM signals (2008)

International audience
Mannosylated Lipoarabinomannan Interacts with Phagocytes (1995)

Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis first involves its adhesion to mononuclear host phagocytes. Various macrophage opsonic and non-opsonic receptors are known to mediate this adhesion, with some specificity of mannosyl receptors for the more virulent strains. Mannosylated lipoarabinomannan, a major component of cell walls from M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, is endowed with mannooligosaccharide units that could mediate its binding to these latter receptors. To explore its interaction with murine immune cells by flow cytometry, we report a new procedure to fluorescently tag the polysaccharide molecules. We covalently labeled mannosylated lipoarabinomannan from M. bovis BCG with biotin, allowing formation of stable complexes with streptavidin coupled to a fluorochrome. In this work, we demonstrated that this major carbohydrate antigen interacts selectively with murine phagocytes, i.e. granulocytes and macrophages. This binding was affected by temperature and was serum- and divalent-cation-dependent. It also appears to involve a metabolically recycling protein receptor on the phagocyte surface and mannosyl aggretopes on the mannosylated lipoarabinomannan molecule. Thus, the latter may provide a means for mycobacteria to bind to and invade their host phagocytes. This molecule could constitute one of the early factors of mycobacterial virulence.
Toward automatic simulation of aging effects on face images (2002)

The process of aging causes significant alterations in the facial appearance of individuals. When compared with other sources of variation in face images, appearance variation due to aging displays some unique characteristics. Changes in facial appearance due to aging can even affect discriminatory facial features, resulting in deterioration of the ability of humans and machines to identify aged individuals. We describe how the effects of aging on facial appearance can be explained using learned age transformations and present experimental results to show that reasonably accurate estimates of age can be made for unseen images. We also show that we can improve our results by taking into account the fact that different individuals age in different ways and by considering the effect of lifestyle. Our proposed framework can be used for simulating aging effects on new face images in order to predict how an individual might look like in the future or how he/she used to look in the past. The methodology presented has also been used for designing a face recognition system, robust to aging variation. In this context, the perceived age of the subjects in the training and test images is normalized before the training and classification procedure so that aging variation is eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that, when age normalization is used, the performance of our face recognition system can be improved.
Formation of superoxide ion via one-electron transfer from electron donors to singlet oxygen (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of superoxide ion via one-electron transfer from electron donors to singlet oxygenIsao Saito, Teruo Matsuura, and Kenzo InoueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 10, 3200–3206Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00348a040Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1002Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (916 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Normal Ligament Properties and Ligament Healing (1985)

There is still a long way to go to achieve the goals of ligament replacement through modification of normal, intrinsic ligament healing processes. We are learning about the biology of ligamentous tissues, including the problem of regeneration, and that in itself is an all-important first step toward seeking solutions.
Modulation of the cough reflex by antitussive agents within the caudal aspect of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rabbit (2008)

We have previously shown that ionotropic glutamate receptors in the caudal portion of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), especially in the commissural NTS, play a prominent role in the mediation of tracheobronchial cough and that substance P potentiates this reflex. This NTS region could be a site of action of some centrally acting antitussive agents and a component of a drug-sensitive gating mechanism of cough. To address these issues, we investigated changes in baseline respiratory activity and cough responses to tracheobronchial mechanical stimulation following microinjections (30-50 nl) of centrally acting antitussive drugs into the caudal NTS of pentobarbitone-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rabbits. [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and baclofen decreased baseline respiratory frequency because of increases in the inspiratory time only at the higher concentration employed (5 mM and 1 mM, respectively). DAMGO (0.5 mM) and baclofen (0.1 mM) significantly decreased cough number, peak abdominal activity, peak tracheal pressure, and increased cough-related total cycle duration. At the higher concentrations, these agents suppressed the cough reflex. The effects of these two drugs were counteracted by specific antagonists (10 mM naloxone and 25 mM CGP-35348, respectively). The neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist CP-99,994 (10 mM) abolished cough responses, whereas the NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10376 (5 mM) had no effect. The results indicate that the caudal NTS is a site of action of some centrally acting drugs and a likely component of a neural system involved in cough regulation. A crucial role of substance P release in the mediation of reflex cough is also suggested.
Tau gene and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study and meta-analysis (2004)

Homozygosity for the tau H1 is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. This adds to the growing body of evidence that common genetic variation contributes to the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think (1999)

1. Information Visualization 2. Space 3. Interaction 4. Focus + Context 5. Data Mapping: Text 6. Higher-Level Visualization 7. Using Vision to Think 8. Applications and Innovations 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index
Synthesis and accumulation of a receptor regulatory protein associated with lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells (1998)

Synthesis and accumulation of the recently identified prostaglandin F2alpha receptor regulatory protein (FPRP) was found to correlate closely with lipid droplet accumulation by 3T3-L1 preadipose cells. FPRP, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been shown to regulate the binding of ligand to certain seven-transmembrane receptors. Anti-FPRP immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and metabolic labeling/immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FPRP was not detectable in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, low levels of FPRP mRNA were detected in the undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. After induction of adipose differentiation, FPRP mRNA increased approximately 3 fold whereas FPRP synthesis increased approximately 50 fold. Differentiation induction with either dexamethasone/insulin/isobutylmethylxanthine or the thiazolidinedione derivative ADD 4743 were both effective at inducing FPRP accumulation and accumulation of lipid droplets. By co-immunohistochemical and lipid staining, greater than 99% of the cells accumulating lipid droplets possessed FPRP. FPRP mRNA and protein are also found in rat adipose tissue. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with an FPRP anti-sense oligonucleotide during differentiation decreased FPRP accumulation and resulted in a decrease in lipid droplets without altering the level of induction of a late marker of adipocyte differentiation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Transient expression of an FPRP cDNA in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells was insufficient to induce lipid droplet accumulation.