gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A3 receptors on human eosinophils mediate inhibition of degranulation and superoxide anion release (1999)

The role of adenosine A3 receptors on human eosinophil degranulation and superoxide anion (O2-) release was studied in vitro using the complement fragment C5a as the main stimulus and employing a number of selective agonists and antagonists. In the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), C5a induced a dose-dependent release of the granular eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), but not O2-, whereas in the absence of CB O2- , but not EPO, was released. C5a-induced EPO release was inhibited dose-dependently by the selective A3 agonist N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarbamoyladenosine (IB-MECA) and to a lesser extent by the less-selective N6-2-(4-amino-3-iodophenyl) ethyladenosine (APNEA). The IC50 (95% CI) for IB-MECA was 6.8 microM (3.1-12.0 microM). At concentrations up to 100 microM, neither adenosine nor the selective A1 agonist N-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and the selective A2 agonist 2-[[2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) had any significant effect. The inhibitory effect of IB-MECA was almost completely abolished by pre-treatment with 1 microM of the selective A3 antagonist 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylactylamino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quina zoline (MRS 1220), but not the selective A1 antagonist 1,3-dipropyly-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) or the selective A2 antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX). IB-MECA also significantly inhibited C5a-induced O2- release with IC50 (95% CI) of 9.5 microM (4.6-13.1 microM) whereas adenosine and the A1 agonist CPA potentiated this effect at low concentrations. The potentiation appeared to be a result of their direct O2- release from these cells, probably mediated via A1 receptors. The inhibition by IB-MECA was selectively reversed by MRS 1220. These results show that the A3 receptors on human eosinophils mediate inhibition of both degranulation and O2- release and suggest a therapeutic potential for A3 agonists in diseases such as asthma in which activated eosinophils are involved.
Selective binding of activated pp60c-src by an immobilized synthetic phosphopeptide modeled on the carboxyl terminus of pp60c-src. (1991)

Phosphorylation of the carboxyl terminus of pp60c-src, the product of the c-src protooncogene, at Tyr-527 suppresses its tyrosine kinase activity and transforming potential. It has been proposed that the phosphorylated carboxyl terminus of pp60c-src inhibits kinase activity by binding to the SH2 (src homology 2) domain. We have synthesized peptides corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 13 residues of pp60c-src phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated at Tyr-527. A highly transforming mutant, pp60c-src(F527), in which Tyr-527 is mutated to Phe, bound to the phosphorylated peptide immobilized to Affi-Gel 10. Binding of the phosphorylated peptide was abolished by deletion of residues 144-175 in the SH2 domain but not by deletion of residues 93-143, which removes most of the SH3 domain. The phosphorylated peptide also bound to pp60v-src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. Only traces of pp60v-src and pp60c-src(F527) bound to the corresponding nonphosphorylated c-src peptide. Normal pp60c-src bound much less efficiently to the phosphorylated peptide than did pp60c-src(F527). A phosphorylated peptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the c-fgr protein also bound to pp60c-src(F527), but with weaker affinity. Furthermore, the phosphorylated synthetic carboxyl-terminal pp60c-src peptide markedly inhibited phosphorylation of pp60c-src(F527) during cytoskeletal kinase assays. These results provide direct evidence for models in which the phosphorylated carboxyl terminus of pp60c-src binds intramolecularly or intermolecularly to the SH2 domain of the c-src protein.
A method for gold coating experimental detector beampipes (1999)

A thin metallic coating is required on the inside of central detector Be beampipes at high-current e/sup +/e/sup -/ colliders in order to suppress detector backgrounds that arise from scattered synchrotron radiation. As part of two CESR/CLEO upgrades, three Be beampipes have been coated with gold using a magnetron sputtering technique. The apparatus will be described as well as the factors that influence the adhesion and uniformity of the resulting films. Finally, we discuss the characterization methods of the resulting films.
Enhanced critical currents in (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Oxsuperconducting tapes with high levels of Zr addition (2013)

The critical current and structural properties of (Gd,Y)BaCuO tapes made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with Zr addition levels up to 30 at.% have been investigated. The reduction in critical current beyond the previously optimized Zr addition level of 7.5 at.% was found to be due to structural deterioration of the (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox film. By a modified MOCVD process, enhanced critical current densities have been achieved with high levels of Zr addition, including 3.83 MA cm−2 in 15 at.% Zr-added 1.1 μm thick film at 77 K in zero magnetic field. Critical currents as high as 1072 A/12 mm have been reached in (Gd,Y)BaCuO tapes with 15 at.% Zr addition at 30 K in a field of 3 T applied perpendicular to the tape, corresponding to a pinning force value of 268 GN m−3. The enhanced critical currents achievable with a high density of nanoscale defects by employing high levels of second-phase additions enable the performance targets needed for the use of HTS tapes in coil applications involving high magnetic fields at temperatures below 50 K to be met.
HEMICELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF RESULTING PENTOSES TO ETHANOL (1983)

Hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed from lignocellulosics under mild acidic conditions resulting in the release of pentoses and other sugars. The ease with which hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed makes it possible to selectively recover the hemicellulose portion of lignocellulose biomass. Hydrolysis of hemicellulose occurs in sequential reactions involving random depolymerization, hydrolysis of oligomers to monomers, and degradation of monomers. Under mild acidic conditions the hydrolytic reactions are much more rapid than the decomposition reaction, making it possible to achieve relatively high yields of sugar. A variety of microorganisms produce ethanol from hexoses, but relatively few produce ethanol from pentoses. The yeast Pachysolen tannophilus NRRL Y-2460 produces higher yields of ethanol from D-xylose than other yeasts reported to date. However, the yield of ethanol from acid hydrolyzate of wood hemicellulose is low because of the presence of microbial inhibitors. Further advances in the bioconversion of biomass-derived sugars to ethanol and other chemicals would require that more attention be given to this effect. (Refs. 34).
Monomolecular layers and thin films of silane coupling agents by vapor-phase adsorption on oxidized aluminum (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonomolecular layers and thin films of silane coupling agents by vapor-phase adsorption on oxidized aluminumDirk G. Kurth and Thomas BeinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 16, 6707–6712Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100195a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100195a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha suppresses autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. (1989)

We previously reported that administration of a streptococcal preparation (OK-432) inhibited insulitis and development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and BB rats as animals models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, we screened various cytokines that could be induced by OK-432 in vivo, for their preventive effect against diabetes in NOD mice. Among recombinant mouse IFN gamma, human IL1 alpha, human IL2, mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human TNF alpha, only human TNF alpha suppressed insulitis and significantly (P less than 0.001) inhibited development of diabetes. NOD mice were the lowest producers of the mRNA of TNF and serum TNF on stimulation with OK-432 or with IFN gamma plus LPS, compared with C57BL/6, C3H/He, and Balb/c mice. The results imply a role for low productivity of TNF in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.
Serum half-life and tumor localization of a chimeric antibody deleted of the CH2 domain and directed against the disialoganglioside GD2. (1990)

Recombinant techniques allow one to engineer an antibody molecule and, in this way, manipulate its properties and functions. We engineered a chimeric human/mouse antibody to the tumor-associated antigen ganglioside GD2, with the aim of decreasing its serum half-life, maintaining its full antigen-binding capacity, and deleting its effector functions, thus making it a potentially useful reagent for the radioimaging of tumors. To this end, the constant region of the human gamma 1 chain was mutated by deleting the second domain (CH2). Here we show that the CH2-deleted antibody (ch14.18-delta CH2) was cleared from the blood of athymic (nu/nu) mice bearing human melanoma tumors with the same kinetics as human IgG F(ab')2. At a beta t1/2 of 12 hr, 0.9% of the injected dose of 125I-labeled ch14.18-delta CH2 was found per milliliter of blood 24 hr after i.v. injection. In biodistribution experiments, 125I-labeled ch14.18-delta CH2 targeted specifically to melanoma xenografts, achieving optimal tumor-to-tissue ratios 12-16 hr after i.v. injection. ch14.18-delta CH2 was localized to the melanoma tumors more rapidly and with better localization ratios than the intact chimeric antibody ch14.18. Sixteen hours after i.v. injection, the tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-liver ratios of ch14.18-delta CH2 were 5 and 12, respectively, while optimal localization ratios obtained for ch14.18 were 1 and 5, respectively, but 96 hr after injection. A reagent such as ch14.18-delta CH2 should be useful for radioimmunodetection of human tumors because of reduced immunogenicity, increased targeting specificity, and rapid clearance from circulation.
Protecting Groups in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTProtecting Groups in Solid-Phase Organic SynthesisDavid Orain, John Ellard, and Mark BradleyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K. Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2002, 4, 1, 1–16Publication Date (Web):October 20, 2001Publication History Received29 December 2000Published online20 October 2001Published inissue 1 January 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc0001093https://doi.org/10.1021/cc0001093review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8707Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Amines,Organic compounds,Organic polymers,Peptides and proteins,Protective groups Get e-Alerts
Low Adiponectin Levels Are Associated With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Lipid-Rich Plaque in Nondiabetic Coronary Arteries (2008)

Low adiponectin levels are associated with atherogenic lipoproteins (elevated triglycerides, small dense LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol), increased plaque volume, lipid-rich plaque, and IVUS-derived pathological intimal thickening in the total cohort that was driven by the nondiabetic population, suggesting an antiatherogenic role in the early stages of lesion development.
Conventional Protein Kinase C Inhibition Prevents Alpha Interferon-Mediated Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Clearance by Impairing STAT Activation (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has evolved complex strategies to evade host immune responses and establish chronic infection. The only treatment available for HCV infections, alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), is effective in a limited percentage of patients. The mechanisms by which IFN-alpha interferes with the HCV life cycle and the reasons for limited effectiveness of IFN-alpha therapy have not yet been fully elucidated. Using a cell-based HCV replication system and specific kinase inhibitors, we examined the role played by various signaling pathways in the IFN-alpha-mediated HCV clearance. We reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) activity is important for the effectiveness of IFN-alpha treatment. In cells treated with a cPKC-specific inhibitor, IFN-alpha failed to induce an efficient HCV RNA degradation. The lack of cPKC activity leads to a broad reduction of IFN-alpha-stimulated gene expression due to a significant impairment of STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, modulation of cPKC function by either host or viral factors could influence the positive outcome of IFN-alpha-mediated antiviral therapies.
A Sensitive Radioassay for Sulfhydryl Groups with Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (1966)

Abstract A sensitive, specific, convenient radioassay for sulfhydryl groups with tetraethylthiuram disulfide that is uniformly labeled with radioactive sulfur is described. Interaction between reagent and thiol results in the formation of stoichiometric amounts of 35S-diethyldithiocarbamate anion; the latter compound decomposes to labeled carbon disulfide at pH 4.0. The 35S-carbon disulfide is allowed to diffuse from the reaction medium to alkaline piperidine, and its radioactivity, which is proportional to the sulfhydryl content of the sample, is evaluated. The sulfhydryl contents of five native and denatured proteins were determined; the results agreed with reported values. This nonspectrophotometric method has proved applicable for assay of the thiol content of as little as 10 µg of various proteins.
Internal Cooling for General Hypothermia (1963)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In previous publications on this subject,<sup>2,3</sup>we have reported the use of intragastric cooling as an adjunct to external blanket refrigeration in the induction of general hypothermia as used at the Northwestern University Medical Center and, more recently, at the West Virginia University Medical Center. The purpose of this paper is to report the continued successful use of an internal means of temperature control as well as to describe a refinement of our original cooling device. <h3>Subjects</h3> Thirty-six surgical patients were cooled and rewarmed in this study. A summary of pertinent data is given in Table 1. Twenty-six craniotomies were performed for meningiomas, intracranial aneurysms, subdural hematomas, an arteriovenous fistula, a pituitary tumor, and a fibrosarcoma. The seven surgical heart lesions included: aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect. A carotid endarterectomy, renal endarterectomy, and a thoracic aneurysm were the three vascular disorders operated upon. <h3>Method</h3>
A three-axial body force sensor for flexible manipulators (2014)

This paper introduces an optical based three axis force sensor which can be integrated with the robot arm of the EU project STIFF-FLOP (STIFFness controllable Flexible and Learnable Manipulator for Surgical Operations) in order to measure applied external forces. The structure of the STIFF-FLOP arm is free of metal components and electric circuits and, hence, is inherently safe near patients during surgical operations. In addition, this feature makes the performance of this sensing system immune against strong magnetic fields inside magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanners. The hollow structure of the sensor allows the implementation of distributed actuation and sensing along the body of the manipulator. In this paper, we describe the design and calibration procedure of the proposed three axis optics-based force sensor. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our optical sensing approach and its applicability to determine the force and momentum components during the physical interaction of the robot arm with its environment.
Rendering cubic curves and surfaces with integer adaptive forward differencing (1989)

For most compute environments, adaptive forward differencing is much more efficient when performed using integer arithmetic than when using floating point. Previously low precision integer methods suffered from serious precision problems due to the error accumulation inherent to forward differencing techniques. This paper proposes several different techniques for implementing adaptive forward differencing using integer arithmetic, and provides an error analysis of forward differencing which is useful as a guide for integer AFD implementation. The proposed technique using 32 bit integer values is capable of rendering curves having more than 4K forward steps with an accumulated error of less than one pixel and no overflow problems. A hybrid algorithm employing integer AFD is proposed for rendering antialiased, texture-mapped bicubic surfaces.
High-Throughput Screen for the Chemical Inhibitors of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins by Multiplex Flow Cytometry (2011)

The human Bcl-2 family includes six antiapoptotic members (Bcl-2, Bcl-B, Bcl-W, Bcl-X(L), Bfl-1, and Mcl-1) and many proapoptotic members, wherein a balance between the two determines cell life or death in many physiological and disease contexts. Elevated expression of various antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members is commonly observed in cancers, and chemical inhibitors of these proteins have been shown to promote apoptosis of malignant cells in culture, in animal models, and in human clinical trials. All six antiapoptotic members bind a helix from the proapoptotic family member Bim, thus quenching Bim's apoptotic signal. Here, we describe the use of a multiplex, high-throughput flow cytometry assay for the discovery of small molecule modulators that disrupt the interaction between the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and Bim. The six antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members were expressed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins and bound individually to six glutathione bead sets, with each set having a different intensity of red fluorescence. A fluorescein-conjugated Bcl-2 homology region 3 (BH3) peptide from Bim was employed as a universal ligand. Flow cytometry measured the amount of green peptide bound to each bead set in a given well, with inhibitory compounds resulting in a decrease of green fluorescence on one or more bead set(s). Hits and cheminformatically selected analogs were retested in a dose-response series, resulting in three "active" compounds for Bcl-B. These three compounds were validated by fluorescence polarization and isothermal titration calorimetry. We discuss some of the lessons learned about screening a chemical library provided by the National Institutes of Health Small Molecule Repository (∼195,000 compounds) using high-throughput flow cytometry.
Trans -Acting Transcriptional Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III Long Terminal Repeat (1985)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type III (HTLV-III) was recently identified as the probable etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here it is shown that, in human T-cell lines infected with HTLV-III, gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat sequence of this virus is stimulated by more than two orders of magnitude compared to matched uninfected cells. The rate of transcription of the HTLV-III long terminal repeat is more than 1000 times that of the SV40 early promoter in one infected cell line. Thus, HTLV-III, like HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and the bovine leukemia virus, is characterized by trans-activation of transcription in infected cells. The efficiency of trans-activation in the case of HTLV-III may account, at least in part, for the virulent nature of HTLV-III infection.
Visualization of Using Hyperfine Structure To Calculate Nuclear Spin: A Spectroscopy Exercise (1997)

An example and two exercises are presented that use hyperfine structure (HFS) to calculate the nuclear spin (I). The example uses the visible spectrum of a 187rhenium(I) atomic emission at 527.7 nm. The spectrum of the rhenium(I) (8P5/2 → 6S5/2) transition was recorded with a Fourier-Transform spectrometer with 0.026 cm-1 resolution. This exercise for upper-level chemistry majors serves as an introduction to the coupling of the quantum momenta associated with the total electronic angular momentum (J) and I.
Synthesis of 3′-Trifluoromethyl Nucleosides as Potential Antiviral Agents (2000)

1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-5-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranos e was synthesized from the precursor keto sugar by the use of Ruppert's reagent (CF3SiMe3) as the source of a nucleophilic trifluoromethyl group. Coupling of this trifluoromethyl sugar with nucleobases and elaboration gave novel deoxy and dideoxynucleosides. A single crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structure and stereochemistry. The deoxynucleosides were converted through an elimination reaction to their dideoxydidehydro derivatives.