gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Chimeric Vesiculo/Alphavirus Is an Effective Alphavirus Vaccine (2012)

While a large number of mosquito-transmitted alphaviruses are known to cause serious human diseases, there are no licensed vaccines that protect against alphavirus infections. The alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused multiple recent outbreaks of chikungunya fever. This virus has the potential to cause a worldwide epidemic and has generated strong interest in development of a prophylactic CHIKV vaccine. We report here on the development of a potent experimental vaccine for CHIKV based on a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the entire CHIKV envelope polyprotein (E3-E2-6K-E1) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). These VSVΔG-CHIKV chimeras incorporated functional CHIKV glycoproteins into the viral envelope in place of VSV G. The chimeric viruses were attenuated for growth in tissue culture but could be propagated to high titers without VSV G complementation. They also generated robust neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses to CHIKV in mice after a single dose and protected mice against CHIKV infection. VSVΔG-alphavirus chimeras could have general applicability as alphavirus vaccines.
The Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single-Agent and Combination Therapy with Megestrol Acetate and Dronabinol for the Treatment of HIV Wasting Syndrome (1997)

This randomized, open-labeled, multicenter study was designed to assess safety and pharmacokinetics of dronabinol (Marinol) tablets and megestrol acetate (Megace) micronized tablets, alone and in combination, for treatment of HIV wasting syndrome. Weight and quality of life data were also collected. Fifty-two patients (mean CD4+ count, 59 cells/microliter) were randomized to one of four treatment arms: dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (D); megestrol acetate 750 mg/day (M750); megestrol acetate 750 mg/day+dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (M750+D); or megestrol acetate 250 mg/day+dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (M250+D). After therapy initiation, 47 patients returned for at least one visit, and 39 completed the planned 12 weeks of study visits. Occurrence of adverse events, drug discontinuation, new AIDS-defining conditions, or CD4+ T lymphocyte changes were not statistically significantly different among arms. Serious adverse events assessed as related to dronabinol included CNS events (e.g., confusion, anxiety, emotional lability, euphoria, hallucinations) and those assessed as related to megestrol acetate included dyspnea, liver enzyme changes, and hyperglycemia. The mean weight change +/- SE over 12 weeks was as follows: D, -2.0 +/- 1.3 kg; M750, +6.5 +/- 1.1 kg; M750+D, +6.0 +/- 1.0 kg; and M250+D, -0.3 +/- 1.0 kg (difference among treatment arms, p = 0.0001). Pharmacokinetic parameters measured after 2 weeks of therapy for M750 were Cmax = 985 ng/ml and AUC = 22,487 ng x hr/ml, and for dronabinol and its active metabolite (HO-THC), respectively, were Cmax = 2.01; 4.61 ng/ml and AUC = 5.3; 23.7 ng x hr/ml. For megestrol acetate, but not dronabinol, there was a positive correlation at week 2 between both Cmax and AUC with each of the following: (1) weight change, (2) breakfast visual analog scale for hunger (VASH) score, and (3) dinner VASH score.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the A2 and B subunits of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. (1983)

We have determined the sequence of the DNA encoding the A2 (gamma) and B subunits of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. The order of the subunits as they would be transcribed is A2-B and the termination codon of the A2 subunit overlaps the initiation codon of the B subunit by four bases. Sequence analysis revealed a region capable of coding for a 21-amino acid leader peptide located at the NH2 terminus of the B subunit. While the nucleotide sequence homology between the cholera enterotoxin subunits and the analogous sequences of the genes for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was 72 and 77% for the A2 and B subunits, respectively, the predicted amino acid sequences of the A2 subunits were less similar. Twenty-nine of 46 (63%) amino acids of the A2 subunits and 98 of 124 (79%) amino acids of the B subunits were identical between cholera enterotoxin and LT. The predicted amino acid sequence of the enterotoxin from a V. cholerae El Tor biotype strain reported here differs from the previously published amino acid sequences of the toxin from a classical biotype of V. cholerae at seven residues. Comparison of the A2 and B amino acid sequences among El Tor and classical biotypes of V. cholerae and E. coli LT demonstrates two regions of highly conserved sequences: 12 and 22 uninterrupted amino acids are the same among the A2 and B subunits, respectively, from the three strains.
Twinkle box (1974)

During the past fifteen years, use of two-dimensional computer input/output devices has become commonplace. Since the earliest uses of the light pen for target identification in air defense systems it has been obvious that two-dimensional input would be interesting and useful. A large number of two-dimensional tablets and digitizers have been developed and have come into quite effective use. These devices have made use of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and acoustic phenomena. (See bibliographical references.)
Dirhodium Tetra(N-arylsulfonylprolinates) as Chiral Catalysts For Asymmetric Transformations of Vinyl- and Aryldiazoacetates (1999)

Rhodium(II( prolinates are superb catalysts for asymmetric transformations of vinyldiazoacetates and phenyldiazoacetates. The most well-developed transformation is the [3 + 4] annulation between vinyldiazoacetates and dienes which is a very general method for the stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized seven-membered rings. Recent studies have led to a general method for asymmetric intermolecular C–H activation which displays promising regio- and diastereocontrol in addition to the enantiocontrol.
Ethacrynic acid induces reversible shape and cytoskeletal changes in cultured cells. (1992)

Cell cultures derived from trabecular meshworks of human and bovine eyes and from bovine vascular endothelia were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr with ethacrynic acid (ECA, 0.1-0.5 mmol/l) dissolved in culture medium. At 2 hr after the initial exposure, ECA at concentrations up to 0.4 mmol/l induced a reversible alteration in cell shape in all three cell types that was coincident with a change in the staining pattern of major cytoskeletal components including actin, alpha-actinin, vinculin, and vimentin. Distinct progressive alterations in beta-tubulin also occurred, with initial changes observed 10 min after ECA exposure. The ECA-induced changes in tubulin were blocked in part by preincubation with taxol (which stabilizes the microtubule structure), but they appeared to differ from those occurring with nocodazole (which interferes with tubulin assembly). These results suggest the possibility that ECA-induced increases in outflow facility may be mediated by alterations in the cytoskeletons of outflow pathway cells.
Determination of Water by Titration wth Coulometrically Generated Karl Fischer Reagent (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Water by Titration wth Coulometrically Generated Karl Fischer ReagentA. S. Meyer and C. M. BoydCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 2, 215–219Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60146a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60146a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views820Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sputtered Ni/sub x/P underlayer for CoPt-based thin film magnetic media (1991)

The effect of a sputtered Ni/sub x/P underlayer on the properties of CoPt-based thin film media is discussed. Sputtered Ni/sub x/P has the effect of raising the Hc of the media, and at the same time media noise is reduced. Results from films made from Ni/sub 3/P target composition (15 wt.%P) are discussed. Microstructural analysis of the sputtered film indicates that these effects are due to larger intergranular separation, which leads to less interparticle exchange.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimization of DNA shuffling for high fidelity recombination (1997)

A convenient 'DNA shuffling' protocol for random recombination of homologous genes in vitro with a very low rate of associated point mutagenesis (0.05%) is described. In addition, the mutagenesis rate can be controlled over a wide range by the inclusion of Mn2+or Mg2+during DNase I digestion, by choice of DNA polymerase used during gene reassembly as well as how the genes are prepared for shuffling (PCR amplification versus restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid DNA). These protocols should be useful for in vitro protein evolution, for DNA based computing and for structure-function studies of evolutionarily related genes.
Role of human HGFIN/nmbin breast cancer (2007)

As the majority of cancer cells have mutations in p53, further studies on the relationship between p53 and HGFIN expression, and its role in tumor genesis and bone invasion, might uncover novel therapy targets for breast and other cancers. The results show a central role for p53 in HGFIN expression, which appears to determine the behavior of the cancer cells.
Modulation of PGC-1 Coactivator Pathways in Brown Fat Differentiation through LRP130 (2008)

The PGC-1 coactivators are important regulators of oxidative metabolism. We previously demonstrated that LRP130 is a binding partner of PGC-1alpha, required for hepatic gluconeogenesis. LRP130 is the gene mutated in Leigh syndrome French Canadian variant, a rare neurodegenerative disease. The importance of LRP130 in other, non-hepatocyte biology remains obscure. To better understand PGC-1 coactivator function in brown fat development, we explored the metabolic role of LRP130 in brown adipocyte differentiation. We show that LRP130 is preferentially enriched in brown fat compared with white, and induced in a PGC-1-dependent manner during differentiation. Despite intact PGC-1 coactivator expression, brown fat cells deficient for LRP130 exhibit attenuated expression of several genes characteristic of brown fat, including uncoupling protein 1. Oxygen consumption studies support a specific defect in proton leak due to attenuated uncoupling protein 1 expression. Notably, brown fat cell development common to both PGC-1 coactivators is governed by LRP130. Conversely, the cAMP response controlled by PGC-1alpha is not regulated by LRP130. These data implicate LRP130 in brown fat cell development and differentiation.
A controlled study of the suppression of tinnitus by lidocaine infusion: (Relationship of therapeutic effect with serum lidocaine levels) (1985)

The relationship between serum lidocaine levels and tinnitus relief was assessed in 5 patients during intermittent intravenous infusions of the drug. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in that neither the attending physician nor the patient was aware of whether active drug or placebo was being infused at any particular time. A significant relationship between serum level and effect was observed in two patients. In the remaining patients this relationship was not readily apparent but there was still a trend for a better response to be seen at higher levels. A satisfactory response was generally seen at levels above 1 microgram/ml. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the transient nature of the symptomatic relief caused by lidocaine is related to the fast clearance of the drug from the body.
The Effect of Long-Term Intensified Insulin Treatment on the Development of Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (1993)

Long-term intensified insulin treatment, as compared with standard treatment, retards the development of microvascular complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion–Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air (1970)

The formation of H+(H2O)n clusters in moist oxygen is of interest since this process must occur in the troposphere and has been observed to occur in the D region of the ionosphere. The reaction mechanism leading from O2+ to H+(H2O)n was investigated with a pulsed electron-beam high-pressure mass spectrometer. At oxygen pressures in the torr range and for [O2]/[H2O]&amp;gt;102 the major reaction proceeds by the sequence O2+→O4+→O2+·H2O→H3O+·OH→H+(H2O)2→H+(H2O)n. The rate constants for all major steps were determined. Rate constants for parallel reactions which may become important at different conditions were also determined.
Toward understanding phosphoseryl-tRNA Cys formation: The crystal structure of Methanococcus maripaludis phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (2007)

A number of archaeal organisms generate Cys-tRNA(Cys) in a two-step pathway, first charging phosphoserine (Sep) onto tRNA(Cys) and subsequently converting it to Cys-tRNA(Cys). We have determined, at 3.2-A resolution, the structure of the Methanococcus maripaludis phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (SepRS), which catalyzes the first step of this pathway. The structure shows that SepRS is a class II, alpha(4) synthetase whose quaternary structure arrangement of subunits closely resembles that of the heterotetrameric (alphabeta)(2) phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS). Homology modeling of a tRNA complex indicates that, in contrast to PheRS, a single monomer in the SepRS tetramer may recognize both the acceptor terminus and anticodon of a tRNA substrate. Using a complex with tungstate as a marker for the position of the phosphate moiety of Sep, we suggest that SepRS and PheRS bind their respective amino acid substrates in dissimilar orientations by using different residues.
Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires (2010)

We show that the combination of spin-orbit coupling with a Zeeman field or strong interactions may lead to the formation of a helical electron liquid in single-channel quantum wires, with spin and velocity perfectly correlated. We argue that zero-energy Majorana bound states are formed in various situations when such wires are situated in proximity to a conventional s-wave superconductor. This occurs when the external magnetic field, the superconducting gap, or, most simply, the chemical potential vary along the wire. These Majorana states do not require the presence of a vortex in the system. Experimental consequences of the helical liquid and the Majorana states are also discussed.
Compensatory regeneration, mitogen-induced liver growth, and multistage chemical carcinogenesis. (1993)

Liver cell proliferation has often been implicated to play a major role during different steps of the carcinogenic process. Most of the experimental studies indicating a close association between cell proliferation and liver cancer development have made use of a compensatory type of proliferative stimulus. However, liver growth may also be caused by direct hyperplasia after administration of primary mitogens. Our recent studies examined the possible differences between these two types of cell proliferation. Our studies indicate that a) increased expression of proto-oncogenes such as c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc is not necessary for entry into the cell cycle during mitogen-induced liver growth; b) mitogen-induced liver growth does not support initiation of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis; c) repeated proliferative stimuli induced by primary mitogens do not stimulate the growth of initiated cells to a focal and/or nodular stage; and d) mitogen-induced liver growth, unlike compensatory regeneration, is followed by a particular mode of cell death, namely, apoptosis. This type of cell death may be responsible for the elimination of carcinogen-initiated cells.
<title>Time-resolved studies of plasma-mediated surface ablation of soft biological tissue with near-infrared picosecond laser pulses</title> (1997)

Time-resolved video photographs have been taken in order to investigate plasma induced surface ablation of soft tissue by IR picosecond laser pulses with energies of about 1 mJ. The emission and propagation of shock waves in the irradiated tissue as well as in the surrounding air environment was studied. The pressure amplitudes of the shock transients were determined from the measured shock velocities. A decay of the pressure amplitude below 100 MPa was observed within a distance of about 200 micrometers from the center of laser induced optical breakdown. The dynamics of the ablation crater and the ejection of the ablation fragments was studied on a larger time scale. The maximum expansion of the ablation crater was measured to be about 200 (Mu) m at temporal delays of 4-5 microsecond(s) after the impact of the laser pulse. Furthermore, generation and propagation of a surface deformation wave was observed. Thus, we present a detailed and consistent description of all phenomena occurring during plasma-mediated surface ablation of soft tissue.
Class 1 (unique) tumor antigens of human melanoma. Identification of a 90,000 dalton cell surface glycoprotein by autologous antibody. (1984)

Analysis of the humoral immune response of patients with melanoma has identified a small group of individuals with antibody to cell surface antigens that are restricted to autologous melanoma cells. These antigens, referred to as Class I or unique tumor antigens, are demonstrated by reactions between serum and cultured melanoma cells from the same patient and absorption tests with autologous and allogeneic normal and malignant cells to determine antibody specificity. Five Class 1 melanoma antigens have been defined to date, but insight into the nature of these antigens has been limited because antibodies identifying these antigens lacked detectable immunoprecipitating activity. We have now defined a Class 1 melanoma antigen (designated FD) that is immunoprecipitated by autologous antibody. FD antigen is identified by an IgG antibody present in the sera of patient FD, and peak titers of this antibody in tests with cultured autologous melanoma cells are in the range of 1:2048. By absorption tests, FD antigen could not be detected on any other cell type, including 33 allogeneic melanomas. Prolonged culture of FD melanoma cells resulted in decreased expression of FD antigen, but sublines could be obtained with stable antigen expression. FD antigen is trypsin and heat sensitive, neuraminidase resistant, and is shed in the culture medium. Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled cell membrane preparations revealed a 90,000 dalton component of pI 5.5. Serum immunoprecipitating activity could be absorbed by autologous melanoma cells but not by autologous B cells or allogeneic cell lines. A component of the same molecular mass could be precipitated from lysates of cells metabolically labeled with [3H]mannose. The membrane form of the FD antigen binds strongly to Con A-Sepharose and can be eluted with methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The identification of a precipitating Class I antigenic system of melanoma facilitates efforts to generate monoclonal antibodies to this tumor antigen and to clone its coding sequence.
Effects of modification of the hydrophobic C-1–C-16 segment of tautomycin on its affinity to type-1 and type-2A protein phosphatases (2000)

Among the naturally occurring toxins that are known to have specific inhibitory effects on type-1 and type-2A protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A), tautomycin (TM) is unique in that it exhibits significantly higher affinity to PP1 than to PP2A. The ratio of the dissociation constant for the PP1-TM interaction to that for the PP2A-TM interaction (the PP1/PP2A ratio) is 0.01-0.03. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible contributions of the C-1-C-16 segment of TM to the affinity characteristics of the toxin. The relatively hydrophobic segment contains a spiroketal motif whose enantiomeric form is present in okadaic acid (OA), which exhibits exceedingly higher affinity to PP2A than to PP1. We therefore synthesized two TM analogues: TM1 in which the side chains of the spiroketal motif of TM were removed but its absolute configuration was retained, and TM2 in which the spiroketal motif of TM1 was replaced with its enantiomeric form. The effects of TM, TM1 and TM2 on the activities of the native catalytic subunits of PP1 (PP1C) and PP2A and a recombinant gamma isoform of PP1 (PP1gamma) were examined. The PP1/PP2A ratio determined thereby was 0.2-0.5 for TM1 and 5-10 for TM2. Both the presence of the side chains and the stereochemistry of the spiroketal moieties may be major determining factors for the affinity characteristics of TM. We also show that a monoclonal antibody raised against OA binds to TM2 albeit with much lower affinity than to OA, whereas it exhibits no measurable affinities to TM and TM1.
Protection against Pulmonary Infection withPseudomonas aeruginosafollowing Immunization withP. aeruginosa-Pulsed Dendritic Cells (2001)

To develop a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine that allows the host immune system to select the antigens, we hypothesized that dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with P. aeruginosa would induce protective immunity against pulmonary infections with P. aeruginosa. Incubation of murine bone marrow-derived DC with P. aeruginosa in vitro led to uptake of P. aeruginosa and activation of the DC. Spleen-derived CD4(+) cells from mice immunized with P. aeruginosa-pulsed DC showed increased proliferation, demonstrating that DC pulsed with P. aeruginosa were capable of eliciting a P. aeruginosa-specific immune response. To evaluate if P. aeruginosa-pulsed DC can induce protective immunity against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, DC incubated with P. aeruginosa in vitro were administered systemically to syngeneic mice, and the mice were then challenged by intrapulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa (5 x 10(4) CFU/mouse) 13 days later. Unimmunized control mice and mice who had previously received naive DC or DC stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or Escherichia coli died within 72 h. In contrast, 45% of mice receiving P. aeruginosa-pulsed DC demonstrated prolonged survival (>14 days). Finally, DC-pulsed with heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa protected CD8(-/-) but not CD4(-/-) mice, demonstrating that CD4(+) T cells were required for the DC pulsed with P. aeruginosa to induce protective immunity.