gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vital tooth whitening with a novel hydrogen peroxide strip system: design, kinetics, and clinical response. (2000)

For many years, at-home whitening has been used with great success and produces some of the most satisfying results of all dental procedures. Historically, the most common procedure used was a custom-fabricated tray loaded with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel that was worn overnight. Today, many manufacturers offer higher concentrations (15% and 20% carbamide peroxide) for faster results. Regardless of the peroxide concentration used, the custom tray delivery system has remained essentially the same. Recently, a trayless whitening system was developed that does not require any prefabrication or gel loading. The new delivery system is a thin, conformable strip precoated with an adhesive hydrogen peroxide gel. Each preloaded strip is presented on a backing liner. To use the strip, it is peeled off of the backing liner and applied to the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth. Each strip is worn for 30 minutes, removed, and discarded. The strip holds the gel in place for sufficient time to allow the peroxide to intrinsically and extrinsically whiten the teeth. The highly flexible strips conform intimately to the tooth surface and provide a uniform, controlled application of the peroxide gel.
Conformations of Peptide Fragments Comprising the Complete Sequence of Component III of Chi t I and Their Relationship to T-Cell Stimulation (1994)

Conformational preferences of synthetic peptides that span the complete sequence of Chironomus thummi hemoglobin (Chi t I) component III were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and CD spectroscopies. The peptides, 19-21 amino acids in length, were studied in water, except for the C-terminal peptide, which was investigated in DMSO-d6. NMR showed that all investigated peptides lacked uniquely folded conformations in water at 4 degrees C and pH 3.0 or at 10 degrees C and pD 6.6 in DMSO. However, some preferential helix-like conformations for the peptides corresponding to the helices of the folded protein could be seen in solution. These peptides showed characteristic interactions for conformations in both the beta- and alpha-regions of phi-psi space, based on strong C alpha H(i)-NH(i + 1) interactions, and on NH-NH, C alpha H(i)-NH-(i + 2), C alpha H(i)-NH(i + 3), and C alpha H(i)-C beta H(i + 3) interactions, respectively. Helical motifs seem not to be the most important factors in determining MHC-binding and/or T-cell recognition. However, there is a tendency that more stabilized secondary structures show higher T-cell stimulation.
Sox2 and Oct‐3/4: a versatile pair of master regulators that orchestrate the self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (2009)

During the past 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional mechanisms that control the biology of stem cells. Given the importance of stem cells in development, regenerative medicine, and cancer, it is no surprise that the pace of discovery continues to accelerate--paradigm-shifting models proposed only a few years ago are quickly giving way to even more sophisticated models of regulation. This review summarizes some of the major advances made in delineating the roles of two transcription factors, Sox2 and Oct-3/4, in stem cell biology. Additionally, unanswered questions related to their mechanisms of action are discussed. When viewed together, it is evident that Sox2 and Oct-3/4 exhibit the major properties expected of master regulators. They are each essential for mammalian development, they help regulate the transcription of other genes that are essential for development, and they influence their own transcription by both positive and negative feedback loops. Moreover, small changes in the levels of either Sox2 or Oct-3/4 trigger the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Thus, each functions as a molecular rheostat to control the self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells. Overall, understanding how Sox2 and Oct-3/4 function mechanistically will not only provide important insights into stem cells in general, but should also have a significant impact on our understanding of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and, hence, the emerging field of regenerative medicine.
Binding of triple helix forming oligonucleotides to sites in gene promoters (1991)

A class of triplex-forming oligodeoxyribonucleotides (TFOs) is described that can bind to naturally occurring sites in duplex DNA at physiological pH in the presence of magnesium. The data are consistent with a structure in which the TFO binds in the major groove of double-stranded DNA to form a three-stranded complex that is superficially similar to previously described triplexes. The distinguishing features of this class of triplex are that TFO binding apparently involves the formation of hydrogen-bonded G.GC and T.AT triplets and the TFO is bound antiparallel with respect to the more purine-rich strand of the underlying duplex. Triplex formation is described for targets in the promoter regions of three different genes: the human c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor genes and the mouse insulin receptor gene. All three sites are relatively GC rich and have a high percentage of purine residues on one strand. DNase I footprinting shows that individual TFOs bind selectively to their target sites at pH 7.4-7.8 in the presence of millimolar concentrations of magnesium. Electrophoretic analysis of triplex formation indicates that specific TFOs bind to their target sites with apparent dissociation constants in the 10(-7)-10(-9) M range. Strand orientation of the bound TFOs was confirmed by attaching eosin or an iron-chelating group to one end of the TFO and monitoring the pattern of damage to the bound duplex DNA. Possible hydrogen-bonding patterns and triplex structures are discussed.
<title>Comparison using surface evolution theory of the smoothing and figuring of optics by plasma-assisted chemical etching and ion milling</title> (1992)

Plasma assisted chemical etching (PACE) and ion milling (IM), originally developed for microelectronic fabrication, are now finding a new use to shape (figure) and smooth (polish) optical and other surfaces without mechanical contact. Using a recent theory of the temporal evolution of surfaces during arbitrary additive or subtractive processes, the predicted and observed smoothing of PACE and IM are critically compared in this paper to provide insight into their fundamental behavior
Precise temperature control and rapid thermal cycling in a micromachined DNA polymerase chain reaction chip (2002)

Precise temperature control and rapid thermal cycling in a micromachined DNA polymerase chain reaction chip, Dae Sung Yoon, You-Seop Lee, Youngsun Lee, Hye Jung Cho, Su Whan Sung, Kwang W Oh, Junhoe Cha, Geunbae Lim
Multisensor Data Fusion in an Integrated Tracking System for Endoscopic Surgery (2011)

Surgical planning and navigation systems are vital for minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries but it is challenging to track the position and orientation of intrabody surgical instruments in these procedures. In order to address this problem, we propose a tracking system including multiple-sensor integration and data fusion. The proposed tracking approach is free of the constraints of line-of-sight, less subject to environmental distortion, and with higher update rate. By incorporating electromagnetic and inertial sensors, the system yields continuous 6-DOF information. Based on a system dynamic model and estimation theories, a new multisensor fusion algorithm, cascade orientation and position-estimation algorithm, is proposed for the integrated tracking device. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms achieve accurate orientation and position tracking with robustness.
Field Implementation of a Winsor Type I Surfactant/Alcohol Mixture for in Situ Solubilization of a Complex LNAPL as a Single-Phase Microemulsion (1998)

A Winsor Type I surfactant/alcohol mixture was used as an in situ flushing agent to solubilize a multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) as a single-phase microemulsion (SPME) in a hydraulically isolated test cell at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. The surfactant (polyoxyethylene(10) oleyl ether) and alcohol (1-pentanol) together comprised 5.5 wt % of the flushing solution. The NAPL was extremely complex, containing more than 200 constituents and a ‘pitch' fraction that was not solvent-extractable. The NAPL removal effectiveness of the SPME flood was evaluated using information from soil cores, partitioning tracer tests, and NAPL constituent breakthrough curves (BTCs) measured at three extraction wells. Soil core data indicated that approximately 90−95% of the most prevalent NAPL constituents were removed from the cell by the SPME flood. A comparison of pre- and postflushing partitioning tracer data indicated that about 72% of the measured NAPL volume was removed by the SPME flood. Integration of NAPL constituent BTCs indicated 55−75% removal of the target NAPL constituents when partitioning tracer data were used to estimate the initial amount of NAPL present and 60−175% removal of two target constituents when soil core data were used to estimate the amount of NAPL initially present. These results indicate that the SPME flood effectively removed the NAPL constituents of concern, but an insoluble anthropogenic residue was left behind.
Regulation of HIF by the von Hippel‐Lindau Tumour Suppressor: Implications for Cellular Oxygen Sensing (2001)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is central in coordinating many of the transcriptional adaptations to hypoxia. Composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits, the alpha subunit is rapidly degraded in normoxia, leading to inactivation of the hypoxic response. Many models for a molecular oxygen sensor regulating this system have been proposed, but an important finding has been the ability to mimic hypoxia by chelation or substitution of iron. A key insight has been the recognition that HIF-alpha is targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through binding to the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL), which forms the recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex leading to ubiquitylation of HIF-alpha. Importantly, the classical features of regulation by iron and oxygen availability are reflected in regulation of the HIF-alpha/pVHL interaction. It has recently been shown that HIF-alpha undergoes an iron- and oxygen-dependent modification before it can interact with pVHL, and that this results in hydroxylation of at least one prolyl residue (HIF-1alpha, Pro 564). This modification is catalysed by an enzyme termed HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH), and compatible with all previously described prolyl-4-hydroxylases HIF-PH also requires 2-oxoglutarate as a cosubstrate. The key position of this hydroxylation in the degradation pathway of HIF-alpha, together with its requirement for molecular dioxygen as a co-substrate, provides the potential for HIF-PH to function directly as a cellular oxygen sensor. However, the ability of these enzyme(s) to account for the full range of physiological regulation displayed by the HIF system remains to be defined.
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Response to Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Chinese Population (2012)

CFH, ARMS2 and HTRA1 genotypes may influence patient response to treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab for neovascular AMD.
CD137 Stimulation Enhances Cetuximab-Induced Natural Killer: Dendritic Cell Priming of Antitumor T-Cell Immunity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (2016)

These results suggest a beneficial effect of combination immunotherapy using cetuximab and CD137 agonist in HNC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 707-16. ©2016 AACR.
Family-of-Origin, Differentiation of Self and Partner, and Adult Romantic Relationship Quality (2011)

Bowen's family systems theory posits the importance of differentiation of self for functioning in adult romantic/marital relationships. His theory suggests that adults enter into marriages and marriage-like relationships with a basic level of differentiation of self developed largely in the parental home and this level of differentiation affects relationship quality. However, there has been limited research on these propositions. Therefore, we examine these ideas by hypothesizing that (a) a complex relationship exists between family-of-origin variables as they influence adult romantic relationship quality, (b) differentiation from negative family-of-origin processes is one means whereby the past carries forward into the present, (c) there is a actor-partner effect of differentiation of self on each partner's relationship quality, and (d) that gender differences are expected. We tested an SEM model with data from the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) (N = 1,839 couples). Results support the hypotheses and suggest the usefulness of Bowen's theory for understanding how family-of-origin processes from both partners carry forward via differentiation of self into adult relationship quality. Therapeutic implications and research needs are articulated.
Induction of Profound Hypothermia for Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation Allows Intact Survival After Cardiac Arrest Resulting From Prolonged Lethal Hemorrhage and Trauma in Dogs (2006)

EPR is superior to conventional CPR in facilitating normal recovery after cardiac arrest from trauma and prolonged hemorrhage. Prolonged mild hypothermia after EPR was critical for achieving intact neurological outcomes.
Mechanisms of free radical oxidation of unsaturated lipids (1995)

The primary products formed from the autoxidation of lipids can be understood based upon a mechanism that involves five different reaction types. These reactions are: reaction of a carbon radical and molecular oxygen, atom transfer of a hydrogen from substrate to the chain carrying peroxyl, fragmentation of the chain carrying peroxyl to give oxygen and a carbon radical, rearrangement of the peroxyl, and cyclization of the peroxyl. The mechanism of these primary reaction steps has been the focus of extensive research over the past fifty years, and the current level of understanding of these transformations is the subject of this review.
X-ray-induced mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells (1998)

Deletion complexes consisting of multiple chromosomal deletions induced at single loci can provide a means for functional analysis of regions spanning several centimorgans in model genetic systems. A strategy to identify and map deletions at any cloned locus in the mouse is described here. First, a highly polymorphic, germ-line competent F1(129/Sv-+Tyr+p x CAST/Ei) mouse embryonic stem cell line was established. Then, x-ray and UV-induced mutagenesis was performed to determine the feasibility of generating deletion complexes throughout the mouse genome. Reported here are the selection protocols, induced mutation frequencies, cytogenetic and extensive molecular analysis of mutations at the X-chromosome-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) locus and at the neural cell adhesion molecule (Ncam) locus located on chromosome 9. Mutation analysis with PCR-based polymorphic microsatellite markers revealed deletions of <3 cM at the Hprt locus, whereas results consistent with deletions covering >28 cM were observed at the Ncam locus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 9 paint revealed that some of the Ncam deletions were accompanied by complex chromosome rearrangements. In addition, deletion mapping in combination with loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite markers revealed a putative haploinsufficient region distal to Ncam. These data indicate that it is feasible to generate x-ray-induced deletion complexes in mouse embryonic stem cells.
On the modeling of drug induced respiratory depression in the non-steady-state (2008)

The ability of anesthetic agents to provide adequate analgesia and sedation is limited by the ventilatory depression associated with overdosing in spontaneously breathing patients. Therefore, quantitation of drug induced ventilatory depression is a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic problem relevant to the practice of anesthesia. Although several studies describe the effect of respiratory depressant drugs on isolated endpoints, an integrated description of drug induced respiratory depression with parameters identifiable from clinically available data is not available. This study proposes a physiological model of CO2 disposition, ventilatory regulation, and the effects of anesthetic agents on the control of breathing. The predictive performance of the model is evaluated through simulations aimed at reproducing experimental observations of drug induced hypercarbia and hypoventilation associated with intravenous administration of a fast-onset, highly potent anesthetic mu agonist (including previously unpublished experimental data determined after administration of 1 mg alfentanil bolus). The proposed model structure has substantial descriptive capability and can provide clinically relevant predictions of respiratory inhibition in the non-steady-state to enhance safety of drug delivery in the anesthetic practice.
Novel modes for selective protection of ketose sugars and oligosaccharides of biological and industrial importance (1980)

2-Methoxypropene converts carbohydrates into cyclic isopropylidene acetals under exclusively kinetic control, affording novel, partially protected sugars of value in synthesis; such disaccharides as maltose and lactose react without glycosidic cleavage to give 4′,6′-acetals (on the non-reducing extremity), and lactose also undergoes inter-residue acetonation between O-2′ and O-6.
A Small Molecule Smac Mimic Potentiates TRAIL- and TNFα-Mediated Cell Death (2004)

We describe the synthesis and properties of a small molecule mimic of Smac, a pro-apoptotic protein that functions by relieving inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (IAP)-mediated suppression of caspase activity. The compound binds to X chromosome- encoded IAP (XIAP), cellular IAP 1 (cIAP-1), and cellular IAP 2 (cIAP-2) and synergizes with both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to potently induce caspase activation and apoptosis in human cancer cells. The molecule has allowed a temporal, unbiased evaluation of the roles that IAP proteins play during signaling from TRAIL and TNF receptors. The compound is also a lead structure for the development of IAP antagonists potentially useful as therapy for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Introduction (2010)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Videotape—Past, Present, and Future (1982)

This is a brief history of the development and growth of videotape in Canada. The story begins a brief twenty years ago, when live TV production meant a nightmare of things that could - and did - go wrong. The paper describes the arrival of electronic editing, color, and the nonbroadcast use of videotape, and it concludes with a prophesy of things to come.
False HDAC Inhibition by Aurone Compound (2016)

Fluorescence assays are useful tools for estimating enzymatic activity. Their simplicity and manageability make them suitable for screening enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery studies. However, researchers need to pay attention to compounds that show auto-fluorescence and quench fluorescence, because such compounds lower the accuracy of the fluorescence assay systems by producing false-positive or negative results. In this study, we found that aurone compound 7, which has been reported as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, gave false-positive results. Although compound 7 was identified by an in vitro HDAC fluorescence assay, it did not show HDAC inhibitory activity in a cell-based assay, leading us to suspect its in vitro HDAC inhibitory activity. As a result of verification experiments, we found that compound 7 interferes with the HDAC fluorescence assay by quenching the HDAC fluorescence signal. Our findings underscore the faults of fluorescence assays and call attention to careless interpretation.
Role of RNA Polymerase II Carboxy-terminal Domain in Coordinating Transcription with RNA Processing (1998)

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II) hasan unusual structure at its carboxyl terminus comprisinga repeated heptad motif. This carboxy-terminal domain(CTD) has up to 52 copies of the heptad whose consensussequence (YSPTSPS) is completely conserved betweenfungi and vertebrates (Allison et al. 1985; Corden et al.1985). Although the largest subunits of pol I, pol II, andpol III are members of the same family which includesthe B′ and A′ subunits of eubacterial and archaeal RNApolymerases, the CTD is unique to pol II. The function ofthe CTD has been the object of intense speculation (Corden and Ingles 1992). It is required for cell viability andfor transcriptional activation of some genes in buddingyeast and mammalian cells (Nonet et al. 1987; Bartolomei et al. 1988; Scafe et al. 1990; Gerber et al. 1995),but paradoxically, it is dispensable for transcription fromthe adenovirus major late promoter in vitro. Recent observations have unexpectedly implicated the CTD notonly in synthesis of the primary transcript, but also in theRNA processing events that are uniquely directed to polII transcripts...
High isolation 1-20 GHz MMIC switches with on-chip drivers (2003)

The design, fabrication, and performance of monolithic microwave integrated circuit single-pole single-throw (MMIC SPST) and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches with on-chip transistor-transistor logic (TTL) compatible drivers is presented. Both switch types cover 1-20 GHz, operate from a single +10 to +12 V power supply and commute in less than 15 ns. Both have at least -12 dB return loss at all ports and handle +22 dBm signal levels. The SPST switch has an insertion loss of 2.5 dB and >50 dB isolation. The SPDT switch's insertion loss is 2.7 dB with 49 dB isolation. The switches require only external DC blocking capacitors to set the lower end of their useful bandwidth. The excellent isolation achieved by these switches is principally attributable to the design of the series and shunt FETs used in their realization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deep Deconvolutional Networks for Scene Parsing (2014)

Scene parsing is an important and challenging prob- lem in computer vision. It requires labeling each pixel in an image with the category it belongs to. Tradition- ally, it has been approached with hand-engineered features from color information in images. Recently convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which automatically learn hierar- chies of features, have achieved record performance on the task. These approaches typically include a post-processing technique, such as superpixels, to produce the final label- ing. In this paper, we propose a novel network architecture that combines deep deconvolutional neural networks with CNNs. Our experiments show that deconvolutional neu- ral networks are capable of learning higher order image structure beyond edge primitives in comparison to CNNs. The new network architecture is employed for multi-patch training, introduced as part of this work. Multi-patch train- ing makes it possible to effectively learn spatial priors from scenes. The proposed approach yields state-of-the-art per- formance on four scene parsing datasets, namely Stanford Background, SIFT Flow, CamVid, and KITTI. In addition, our system has the added advantage of having a training system that can be completely automated end-to-end with- out requiring any post-processing.