gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Characterization of Androgen Receptor Coactivator, ARA55, in Human Prostate (1999)

Androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcriptional factor that can bind to androgen response elements and that regulates the transcription of target genes via a mechanism that presumably involves cofactors. We report here the cloning of a novel AR coactivator ARA55 using a yeast two-hybrid system. ARA55 consists of 444 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 55 kDa and its sequence shows very high homology to mouse hic5, a TGF-beta1-inducible gene. Yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems and co-immunoprecipitation assays all prove ARA55 can bind to AR in a ligand-dependent manner. Transient transfection assay in prostate cancer DU145 cells further demonstrates that ARA55 can enhance AR transcriptional activity in the presence of 1 nM dihydrotestosterone or its antagonists such as 100 nM 17beta-estradiol or 1 microM hydroxyflutamide. Our data also suggest the C-terminal half of ARA55, which includes three LIM motifs, is sufficient to interact with AR. Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction quantitation showed ARA55 can be expressed differently in normal prostate and prostate tumor cells. Together, our data suggests that ARA55 may play very important roles in the progression of prostate cancer by the modulation of AR transactivation.
Use of Interleukin-7, Interleukin-2, and Interferon-γ to Propagate CD4+ T Cells in Culture with Maintained Antigen Specificity (1993)

In contrast to CD8+ T cells, it has been difficult to establish consistently satisfactory conditions for the bulk culture of antitumor CD4+ T cells in either mice or humans. This difficulty is not limited to tumor antigen, since similar problems are encountered growing CD4+ T cells that recognize alloantigen, tetanus, or candida. Four basic findings are reviewed in this article, stemming from work with identical results in both human and mouse. (a) Although CD4+ T cells initially proliferate after exposure to appropriate antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such proliferation is not sustained; however, expansion of CD4+ T cells can be achieved with the addition of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) or rIL-7. (b) Specific CD4+ responses to antigens are often better sustained with exogenous IL-7 than with exogenous IL-2. (c) Adding rIL-7 or rIL-2 permits sustained CD4+ T-cell proliferation, but subsequent culture restimulation is complicated by high background reactivity to APCs whether APCs are antigen pulsed or not; this problem can be overcome by addition of exogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to the CD4+ cultures. (d) In certain instances proliferation is paradoxically impaired by reexposure to specific antigen, possibly reflecting apoptosis; this problem is also overcome by addition of rIFN-gamma to culture. We conclude that combinations of exogenous IL-7, IL-2, and IFN-gamma with APC restimulation can be used to sustain antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in culture. Using these techniques, antitumor CD4+ T cells were propagated from the peripheral blood of two tumor-bearing patients.
The behaviour of different factor VIII concentrates in a chromogenic factor X‐activating system (1993)

A chromogenic factor Xa generation method has been developed for comparing the co-factor activity of factor VIII concentrates at physiological factor VIII concentrations (1 iu/ml). In the presence of thrombin all concentrates gave similar rapid rates of factor Xa generation, but in the absence of thrombin there were major differences between the rates of Xa generation between different products. High purity products, particularly those prepared by monoclonal antibody purification from plasma and recombinant sources, gave more rapid Xa generation than most intermediate-purity products. There was a very strong correlation between the rate of Xa generation and the difference in factor VIII potency by one-stage and two-stage assays. These results suggest the possible presence of small amounts of activated factor VIII in some concentrates, but differences in von Willebrand factor content could also contribute towards the different rates of factor Xa generation observed.
Bringing programmability to the data plane: Packet processing with a NoC-enhanced FPGA (2015)

Modern computer networks need components that can evolve to support both the latest bandwidth demands and new protocols and features. To address this need, we propose a new programmable packet processor architecture built from an FPGA containing an embedded Network-on-Chip (NoC). The architecture is highly flexible, providing more programmability than is possible in an ASIC-based design, while supporting throughputs of 400 and 800 Gb/s. Additionally, we show that our design is 1.7× and 3.2× more area efficient, and achieves 1.5× and 3.7× lower latency than the best previously proposed FPGA-based packet processor on complex and simple applications, respectively. Lastly, we explore various ways a designer can take advantage of the flexibility available in this architecture.
Short-Chain Guide RNA for Site-Directed A-to-I RNA Editing (2020)

Site-directed RNA editing is a promising genetic modification technology for therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. We previously constructed adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR)-guiding RNAs (AD-gRNAs) that direct A-to-I RNA editing activity of native human ADAR2 into a programmable target site. In this study, we developed the short-chain AD-gRNA (shAD-gRNA) as a potential basic framework for practical RNA-editing oligonucleotides. Based on knowledge of previous AD-gRNA, shAD-gRNAs were designed to have the shortest possible sequence for the induction of editing activity. <i>In vitro</i>, compared to the original AD-gRNA, the shAD-gRNAs showed similar or superior editing induction activity, depending on the target RNA sequence, and had lower off-target editing activity around the target site, which is predicted to be a hotspot for off-target editing. Moreover, shAD-gRNAs achieved target RNA editing with both exogenous and endogenous human ADARs in cultured cells. Our results present shAD-gRNA as a short basic framework that would be applicable to further development for practical RNA-editing oligonucleotides.
Avant-propos (2014)

Le colloque dont on trouvera les actes dans ce sixième volume de la collection Le pouvoir symbolique en Occident (1300-1640) publiée conjointement par les Publications de la Sorbonne et l’École française de Rome a été organisé dans le cadre du programme SAS (Signs and States), un advanced program du European Research Council. La collection regroupe l’ensemble des rencontres organisées dans le cadre de ce programme : elles se répartissent en trois ensembles. Le premier est la série des confére...
Structure—activity relationships of dietary indoles: A proposed mechanism of action as modifiers of xenobiotic metabolism (1987)

In an effort to understand the mechanism by which dietary indoles inhibit chemically initiated tumorigenesis in experimental animals, we have investigated the potency of 3-substituted and 1,3-disubstituted indoles on the induction of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P-448-dependent monooxygenases in the rat. Oral intubation with indole-3-carbinol (13C), 1-methoxyindole-3-carbinol (N13C), 1-methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde (NCHO), and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (133') at 31 mumol/animal led to significant increases in hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD; 15, 7, 6, and 5-fold over control, respectively), while intubation with indole (IND), 3-methylindole (3MI), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (13CHO), and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) did not increase this monooxygenase activity over control levels. For the eight indoles tested, there was a strong relationship between instability in acidic solution, as indicated by the generation of insoluble products, and capacity to induce hepatic EROD. Further experiments indicated that 13C did not induce hepatic EROD when dosed ip (thus bypassing the acidity of the stomach). Acid treatment of 13C generated a reaction mixture (RXM) that induced EROD after ip or po dosing. Chromatographic fractionation of the RXM indicated that there exist at least four different 13C acid-condensation products in the RXM with the ability to induce EROD. The results presented strongly support the hypothesis that dietary indoles influence the levels of monooxygenase activities via a series of acid-condensation products generated upon introduction of the indole into the acidic environment of the stomach.
Measured physical characteristics of the West Ford belt (1964)

A measurements program has been under way since the dispensing of the West Ford belt. It has been important to estimate belt orbit parameters over an extended period of time, to study dispersion of the belt with time, to determine the variation of dipole density along the orbit with time, and to estimate the total number of dipoles in orbit. Three distinct kinds of experiments have been employed in the measurements program: monostatic radar experiments, bistatic path loss experiments, and bistatic experiments to determine Doppler dispersion. Several estimates have been made of belt orbit parameters; an estimate of mean dipole period, averaged over the first 80 days of the belt life, was found to be 166.455 minutes. Belt physical cross-section dimensions have been obtained at a number of different points on the orbit and over an extended period of time; near the semilatus rectum point on the orbit, 30 days after ejection, the horizontal and vertical belt dimensions were approximately 11×14 km as compared with 17×32 km 200 days after ejection. Experimental estimates of the number of dipoles in orbit indicated that between 16 and 39 per cent of the ejected dipoles were properly dispensed. Measured variation of dipole density along the orbit clearly showed the anticipated initial dense region near the dispenser and the increasing uniformity of dipole density along the orbit with time.
Suppression of metastasis of rat prostatic cancer by introducing human chromosome 8. (1994)

In previous allelotype analyses of human prostatic cancer specimens, allelic loss on the short arm of chromosome 8 is frequently observed. However, it is still unclear whether this allelic loss is an initial event or a later one in development of prostatic cancer. Our previous studies demonstrate that introduction of human chromosome 11 into highly metastatic rat prostatic cancer cells results in suppression of metastatic ability without suppression of the in vivo growth rate or tumorigenicity of the hybrid cells (T. Ichikawa et al. Cancer Res., 52: 3486-3490, 1992). To clarify the role of human chromosome 8 in prostatic cancer, this chromosome was introduced into highly metastatic rat prostatic cancer cells using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. Introduction of human chromosome 8 resulted in suppression of metastatic ability of the microcell hybrids, whereas no suppression of the in vivo growth rate or tumorigenicity was observed. These results demonstrate that human chromosome 8 contains metastasis suppressor gene(s) for prostatic cancer derived from a rat. These also suggest that human chromosome 8 has an important role in development of prostatic cancer.
Polymerized liposomes formed under extremely mild conditions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized liposomes formed under extremely mild conditionsAndrzej. Sadownik, James. Stefely, and Steven L. RegenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 24, 7789–7791Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00284a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00284a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1314Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative hemodynamic effects of vasopressin and norepinephrine after milrinone-induced hypotension in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgical patients (2006)

In the patients undergoing CABG surgery, both norepinephrine and low dose vasopressin were effective in restoring milrinone-induced decrease of SVR. However, only low-dose vasopressin decreased the PVR/SVR ratio that was increased by milrinone. Considering the importance of maintaining systemic perfusion pressure as well as reducing right heart afterload, milrinone-vasopressin may provide better hemodynamics than milrinone-norephinephrine during the management of right heart failure.
Direct Expression of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Monkey Cells from an SV40 Vector (1982)

We have developed an SV40-based vector that can be used for the efficient direct expression of foreign genes in permissive monkey cells. The vector lacks the coding sequences for the major SV40 late protein (VP-1) and possesses unique Eco RI and Bam HI restriction sites so that DNA fragments containing the coding sequences of foreign genes bounded by these two restriction sites can be conveniently inserted and directly expressed under the control of the VP-1 transcriptional unit. We have inserted into this vector the gene encoding the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus and observed the synthesis of this protein in monkey cells infected with this vector at a level comparable with that of VP-1. Furthermore, we have shown that the HBsAg synthesized is assembled into and secreted as a complex structure (22-nm particle) indistinguishable from that formed naturally during human infection. These observations enable us to conclude that HBsAg is the only component encoded by HBV that is required for the secretion and assembly of the 22-nm particle and that this process can occur without the involvement of a potential signal peptide suggested by the DNA sequence which precedes the coding region of mature HBsAg.
Optical transmission of blood: effect of erythrocyte aggregation (2003)

The influence of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation on transparency of blood in the red-near infrared spectral range is investigated. We argue that for relatively thin blood layers the light diffraction on aggregates becomes the dominant phenomenon. The nature of pulsatile changes of blood transparency is explained by pulsations of RBC aggregate size. For another case of over-systolic vessel occlusion the following time evolution of blood transparency strongly depends on light wavelength. This dependence may serve as a basis for an alternative approach to noninvasive blood tests: occlusion spectroscopy. Theoretical results well correspond to both in vivo and in vitro measurements reproducing pulsatile blood flow and long occlusion as well.
Separate cis-acting DNA elements of the mouse pro-alpha 1(I) collagen promoter direct expression of reporter genes to different type I collagen-producing cells in transgenic mice. (1995)

The genes coding for the two type I collagen chains, which are active selectively in osteoblasts, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and some mesenchymal cells, constitute good models for studying the mechanisms responsible for the cell-specific activity of genes which are expressed in a small number of discrete cell types. To test whether separate genetic elements could direct the activity of the mouse pro-alpha 1(I) collagen gene to different cell types in which it is expressed, transgenic mice were generated harboring various fragments of the proximal promoter of this gene cloned upstream of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. During embryonic development, X-gal staining allows for the precise identification of the different cell types in which the beta-galactosidase gene is active. Transgenic mice harboring 900 bp of the pro-alpha 1(I) proximal promoter expressed the transgene at relatively low levels almost exclusively in skin. In mice containing 2.3 kb of this proximal promoter, the transgene was also expressed at high levels in osteoblasts and odontoblasts, but not in other type I collagen-producing cells. Transgenic mice harboring 3.2 kb of the proximal promoter showed an additional high level expression of the transgene in tendon and fascia fibroblasts. The pattern of expression of the lacZ transgene directed by the 0.9- and 2.3-kb pro-alpha 1(I) proximal promoters was confirmed by using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter gene. The pattern of expression of this transgene, which can be detected even when it is active at very low levels, paralleled that of the beta-galactosidase gene. These data strongly suggest a modular arrangement of separate cell-specific cis-acting elements that can activate the mouse pro-alpha(I) collagen gene in different type I collagen-producing cells. At least three different types of cell-specific elements would be located in the first 3.2 kb of the promoter: (a) an element that confers low level expression in dermal fibroblasts; (b) a second that mediates high level expression in osteoblasts and odontoblasts; and (c) one responsible for high level expression in tendon and fascia fibroblasts. Our data also imply that other cis-acting cell-specific elements which direct activity of the gene to still other type I collagen-producing cells remain to be identified.
RECONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-SCALE HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA AND THEIR FLOW PREDICTION (2007)

Fluid flow in, and the thermal, electrical, and acoustic properties of porous media are determined primarily by the geometry and topology of the pore system. Here we illustrate a stochastic 3D space reconstruction model that uses thin section images as its main input. The approach involves a third-order Markov mesh that creates the reconstruction in a single scan; and overcomes the computational issues normally associated with Markov chain methods. The technique is capable of generating realistic “pore architecture models” (PAMs), and examples are presented for a range of fairly homogenous rock samples. PAMs, or tomography models, serve as input for another suite of analysis techniques that we call pore analysis tools (PATs). PATs allow us to quantify important characteristics of the pore system, such as the pore-size distribution, and the pore connectivity. Using PATs, we are able to extract well-characterized network models that can be used for simulating two- and three-phase fluid flow. The aim of this paper is to explore how we can use PAMs/PATs to gain additional understanding of the characteristics of porous media which contain multiple scales of pores. When such materials possess pore systems that have an extreme range of pore sizes, we are able to overcome (to some extent) the difficulties of the multiple scales by creating and analysing multiple reconstructions based on different-resolution input images.
Spontaneously colitic C3H/HeJBir mice demonstrate selective antibody reactivity to antigens of the enteric bacterial flora (1997)

The idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are chronic disorders that appear to arise from an aberrant interaction of environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the immune reactivity of a spontaneously colitic mouse strain, C3H/HeJBir, to epithelial, food, and enteric bacterial Ags. Serum Ab responses of colitic C3H/HeJBir and noncolitic parental C3H/HeJ mice were measured by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting. No reactivity to epithelial or food Ags was detected. However, the sera from C3H/HeJBir mice had a reproducible banding pattern on Western blot to bacterial Ags, whereas sera from C3H/HeJ mice did not. Only a small, highly selected number of enteric bacterial Ags were recognized. There were major differences in the degree of recognition of different bacterial strains, marked by remarkably few Abs to Ags of the major anaerobes of the bacterial flora. The serum Abs detected on immunoblot were primarily IgG2a, suggesting a Th1 response. Comparison of sera reactivity to histopathologic severity showed an inverse relationship: one third of young C3H/HeJBir mice during the peak of colitis produced Abs to bacterial Ags, while later in life, when the colitis had resolved, 96% produced Abs. These data are consistent with an abnormal immune reactivity to enteric bacterial flora in C3H/HeJBir mice, a reactivity that is highly selective considering the abundant bacterial Ags present in the colon lumen. We postulate that this reactivity plays a role in the pathogenesis of colitis in these mice.
A Reference Framework for the Privacy Assessment of Keyless Biometric Template Protection Systems (2010)

: Over the past decades, a number of methods have been reported in the scientific literature to protect the privacy of biometric information stored in biometric systems. Keyless Biometric Template Protection (KBTP) methods aim to protect biometric information without the use of long-term secrets by deploying one-way functions. These KBTP methods are currently developed to an extent that commercial products have become available. When assessing and comparing different KBTP methods it is important to have a common and generic approach. Therefore, in this paper we present a reference framework that can be used in assessing and comparing the privacy properties of KBTP systems. Abstract 1 1
Breaking Immunological Tolerance through OX40 (CD134) (2001)

Immunological tolerance represents a mechanism by which cells of the host remain protected from the immune system. Breaking of immunological tolerance can result in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The reasons for tolerance breaking down and autoimmune processes arising are largely unknown but of obvious interest for therapeutic intervention of these diseases. Although reversal of the tolerant state is generally unwanted, there are instances where this may be of benefit to the host. In particular, one way a cancerous cell escapes being targeted by the immune system is through tolerance mechanisms that in effect turn off the reactivity of T lymphocytes that can respond to tumor-associated peptides. Thus tolerance represents a major obstacle in developing effective immunotherapy against tumors. The molecules that are involved in regulating immunological tolerance are then of interest as they may be great targets for positively or negatively manipulating the tolerance process.