gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bolsonaro and pandemic denial: Some considerations on the leader, anti-intellectualism, and nationalism (2021)

On the 9th of May 2020 The Lancet, the leading medical journal, published an editorial referring to the current situation of the pandemic in Brazil, which is short of being disastrous, and describing Jair Bolsonaro, the Brazilian president, as the biggest threat to Brazil – we would add to the world. In this paper, we enquire the issue of leadership, anti-intellectualism and nationalism by conducting a philosophical enquiry, whilst also questioning the role and shortcomings of the Brazilian educational system in sowing the seeds, and allowing this situation to develop in the country. This philosophical enquiry does not attempt to lay blame on the Brazilian educational system; rather, it is an attempt, an urge for reflection and self-reflection, so that the errs of the past may be remediated in the future; hopefully, a near future.
Is it the right answer? (2001)

Answer Validation is an emerging topic in Question Answering, where open domain systems are often required to rank huge amounts of candidate answers. We present a novel approach to answer validation based on the intuition that the amount of implicit knowledge which connects an answer to a question can be quantitatively estimated by exploiting the redundancy of Web information. Experiments carried out on the TREC-2001 judged-answer collection show that the approach achieves a high level of performance (i.e. 81% success rate). The simplicity and the efficiency of this approach make it suitable to be used as a module in Question Answering systems.
Characterizing the Target of Acute Stroke Therapy (1997)

Delineating and prioritizing these mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop multiple potential acute stroke therapies that ultimately will be used in combination, perhaps directed by imaging technology.
Single-Crystal GaAs and GaSb on Insulator on Bulk Si Substrates Based on Rapid Melt Growth (2010)

A high-quality III-V material on Si substrates has been a primary goal for ultimate device integration. By using the rapid melt growth (RMG) method, we have demonstrated the transformation of amorphous to single crystal for both GaAs and GaSb on bulk Si substrates. High-resolution pictures and selective area diffraction patterns show single-crystal films directly seeded from the Si substrate and propagated along the patterned stripes on top of the insulating layer. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was applied to investigate the stoichiometry of the compound material after resolidification. The results show a direct relationship between crystal quality and atomic composition, which suggests a congruent growth for the III-V material during the solidification process despite the possibility of out gassing during the RMG process. This provides a simple path for monolithic optical-electrical integration.
CoMFA 3D-QSAR Analysis of HIV-1 RT Nonnucleoside Inhibitors, TIBO Derivatives Based on Docking Conformation and Alignment (2004)

HIV-1 RT is one of the key enzymes in the duplication of HIV-1. Inhibitors of HIV-1 RT are classified as nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) and nucleoside analogues. NNRTIs bind in a region not associated with the active site of the enzyme. Within the NNRTI category, there is a set of inhibitors commonly referred to as TIBO inhibitors. Fifty TIBO inhibitors were used in the work to build 3-D QSAR models. The two known crystal structures of complexes are used to investigate and validate the docking protocol. The results show that the docking simulations reproduce the crystal complexes very well with RMSDs of approximately 1 A and approximately 0.6 A for 1REV and 1COU, respectively. The alignment of molecules and "active" conformation selection are the key to a successful 3D-QSAR model by CoMFA. The flexible docking (Autodock3) was used on determination of "active" conformation and molecular alignment, and CoMFA and CoMSIA were used to develop 3D-QSAR models of 50 TIBOs in the work. The 3D-QSAR models demonstrate a good ability to predict the activity of studied compounds (r2 = 0.972, 0.944, q2 = 0.704, 0.776). It is shown that the steric and electrostatic properties predicted by CoMFA contours can be related to the binding structure of the complex. The results demonstrate that the combination of ligand-based and receptor-based modeling is a powerful approach to build 3D-QSAR models.
The Thermal Grill Illusion: Unmasking the Burn of Cold Pain (1994)

In Thunberg's thermal grill illusion, first demonstrated in 1896, a sensation of strong, often painful heat is elicited by touching interlaced warm and cool bars to the skin. Neurophysiological recordings from two classes of ascending spinothalamic tract neurons that are sensitive to innocuous or noxious cold showed differential responses to the grill. On the basis of these results, a simple model of central disinhibition, or unmasking, predicted a quantitative correspondence between grill-evoked pain and cold-evoked pain, which was verified psychophysically. This integration of pain and temperature can explain the thermal grill illusion and the burning sensation of cold pain and may also provide a basis for the cold-evoked, burning pain of the classic thalamic pain syndrome.
Acyl migration in 2-hydroxylalkyl aminimides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyl migration in 2-hydroxylalkyl aminimidesMeir. AsscherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 4, 715–716Publication Date (Print):February 20, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00866a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00866a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The SYBASE SQL Server Survival Guide (1996)

From the Publisher:
If you are a database developer or programmer working with Sybase System 11 SQL Server, this book can save you many frustrating hours of trial and error while schooling you in hard-to-find techniques for streamlining the development process. Acting as your private tutors, Jim and Mary Panttaja, founders of one of the nation's most prestigious client/server computing and relational database consulting groups, and Judy Bowman, an SQL educator, supply you with a wealth of tips and tricks for developing powerful business applications with Sybase SQL Server. Examining both underlying theory and day-to-day operations, The Sybase SQL Server Survival Guide gives you practical guidance on client/server application architecture, locking, transaction management, concurrency control, and other key technical issues; expert tips on database design, index selection, tuning, code generation, and many more common (and uncommon) problems; and, comprehensive directions on getting the most out of new System 11 features like named caches, variable I/O, LRU and MRU cache strategy, and heap table partitioning. A gold mine of valuable tricks and tips on everything from administration and performance tuning to application partitioning and troubleshooting, this book is certain to become one of the most-used volumes in your working library.
CSF levels of oligomeric alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid as biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease (2011)

Protein misfolding and aggregation is a critically important feature in many devastating neurodegenerative diseases, therefore characterization of the CSF concentration profiles of selected key forms and morphologies of proteins involved in these diseases, including β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein (a-syn), can be an effective diagnostic assay for these diseases. CSF levels of tau and Aβ have been shown to have great promise as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. However since the onset and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases have been strongly correlated with the presence of soluble oligomeric aggregates of proteins including various Aβ and a-syn aggregate species, specific detection and quantification of levels of each of these different toxic protein species in CSF may provide a simple and accurate means to presymptomatically diagnose and distinguish between these diseases. Here we show that the presence of different protein morphologies in human CSF samples can be readily detected using highly selective morphology specific reagents in conjunction with a sensitive electronic biosensor. We further show that these morphology specific reagents can readily distinguish between post-mortem CSF samples from AD, PD and cognitively normal sources. These studies suggest that detection of specific oligomeric aggregate species holds great promise as sensitive biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease.
The genetic modification of T cells for cancer therapy: an overview of laboratory and clinical trials. (1994)

Immunotherapies using high doses of interleukin-2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been developed for the treatment of advanced cancer. Current efforts are aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of TIL through genetic modification. Initially, we demonstrated that retroviral-mediated gene transfer into TIL using a neomycin resistance marker gene was practical and safe for use in patient therapy. Because TIL have been shown to localize at tumor sites, we are now introducing the TNF gene into TIL in an attempt to increase the local concentrations of TNF in the tumor microenvironment without inducing systemic toxicity. Another gene being studied for insertion into TIL is a chimeric antibody/T-cell receptor gene. For many histologic types of cancer, it is relatively difficult to obtain specific TIL, but many monoclonal antibodies (mAb) exist that bind tumor-associated antigens. In order to combine the effector function of T cells with the antitumor specificity of antibodies, we have constructed chimeric receptor genes containing the variable region domains from mAb linked to T-cell signal-transducing chains. Human TIL retrovirally transduced with a chimeric receptor gene constructed from an anti-ovarian cancer antibody were redirected to recognize and lyse ovarian cancer cell lines specifically. This approach may allow adoptive immunotherapy against histologies not previously amenable to this treatment modality.
Xenogeneic immunization in mice using HER2 DNA delivered by an adenoviral vector (2004)

The protective efficacy of xenogeneic vaccination with DNA encoding the HER2 oncogene was evaluated in BALB/c mice transgenic for the transforming form of the neu oncogene, which spontaneously develops carcinomas in all mammary glands. Intramuscular injection of either plasmid DNA followed by electrical stimulation (pVIJ-HER2 with ES) or an adenoviral vector (Ad5-HER2), both expressing the HER2 oncogene, was tested. Immunization using pVIJ-HER2 with ES elicited a cell-mediated response that was much lower than that elicited by the immunization with Ad5-HER2, as measured by the frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting spleen cells. The dominant T-cell epitope of the HER2 protein product (p185) in the BALB/c (H-2(d)) genetic background was identified. While the T-cell response elicited was only partially crossreactive with the corresponding rat epitopes because of sequence variations (89% similarity), a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against the rat immunodominant epitope was also evident. The Ad5-HER2 vaccination induced also antibodies against p185, which crossreacted with the rat protein homolog. Both T- and B-cell responses slowly declined with time. Vaccination with Ad5-HER2 at 6 and 9 weeks of age delayed incidence and reduced multiplicity of tumors in neu transgenic mice.
Normnahe postprandiale Hyperglykämie - eine essenzielle Komponente guter Diabeteskontrolle und Prävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen (2007)

Die postprandiale (pp) Glukosehomöostase ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Manifestation eines Prädiabetes und die Progression des manifesten Typ-2-Diabetes. Bereits gering erhöhte pp Glukoseanstiege sind mit Störungen der Insulinsekretion, Erhöhung von kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren, gestörter Gerinnung und Aktivierung der subklinischen Entzündung assoziiert. Störungen der pp Glukoseregulation wirken gleichermaßen diabetogen und atherogen. Dementsprechend zeigen prospektive Studien, dass die pp Hyperglykämie ein eigenständiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor ist. Studien, die auf eine Kontrolle der postprandialen Hyperglykämie ausgerichtet waren, erbrachten eine signifikante Senkung kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse (STOP-NIDDM, MERIA). Im HbA1c-Bereich zwischen 6,5 % und 8 % sind > 60 % der Varianz im HbA1c-Bereich durch die postprandiale Hyperglykämie determiniert. Deshalb sind Monitoring und Behandlung der pp Hyperglykämie ein essenzieller Bestandteil einer guten Diabetestherapie. Ziel ist die normnahe Einstellung mit 2-h-pp-Werten < 140 mg / dl.
A tetravalent single-chain antibody-streptavidin fusion protein for pretargeted lymphoma therapy. (2000)

Single-chain Fv antibody fragments from the CD20-specific murine monoclonal antibody B9E9 were genetically engineered as streptavidin fusions [single-chain Fv-streptavidin (scFvSA) fusion protein] for use in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. The scFvSA constructs were expressed as soluble, tetrameric species in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Expression levels were affected by the order of the variable regions and the length and composition of the single-chain Fv linker. The best expressor was obtained with the variable regions in the heavy chain-light chain configuration separated by a 25-mer Gly4Ser linker. This construct produced 250-300 mg of soluble, tetrameric fusion protein per liter of fermentor culture. The fusion protein (Mr 173,600) was purified from crude lysates by iminobiotin affinity chromatography with an overall yield of about 50% and was analyzed for functionality both in vitro and in vivo. Immunoreactivity of the scFvSA fusion protein and its nanomolar affinity to CD20-positive Ramos cells were comparable with the B9E9 monoclonal antibody. The fusion protein had a biotin dissociation rate identical to recombinant streptavidin and bound an average of 3.6 biotins/molecule of a possible 4 biotins/molecule. Labeled fusion protein cleared from the blood of BALB/c mice with a P half-life of about 16 h. In nude mice bearing Ramos xenografts, the fusion protein demonstrated sufficient tumor localization of functional streptavidin to enable efficient, tumor-specific targeting of a subsequently administered radionuclide-chelate/biotin molecule. These results suggest that large quantities of functional scFvSA can be produced for clinical testing as a therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
A Synthetic Peptide Corresponding to the Carboxy Terminus of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmembrane Glycoprotein Induces Alterations in the Ionic Permeability of Xenopus laevis Oocytes (1997)

The carboxy-terminal 29 amino acids of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein (HIV-1 TM) are referred to as lentivirus lytic peptide 1 (LLP-1). Synthetic peptides corresponding to LLP-1 have been shown to induce cytolysis and to alter the permeability of cultured cells to various small molecules. To address the mechanisms by which LLP-1 induces cytolysis and membrane permeability changes, various concentrations of LLP-1 were incubated with Xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode, voltage-clamp recording measurements were performed. LLP-1 at concentrations of 75 nM and above induced dramatic alterations in the resting membrane potential and ionic permeability of Xenopus oocytes. These concentrations of LLP-1 appeared to induce a major disruption of plasma membrane electrophysiological integrity. In contrast, concentrations of LLP-1 of 20-50 nM induced changes in membrane ionic permeability that mimic changes induced by compounds, such as the bee venom peptide melittin, that are known to form channel-like structures in biological membranes at sublytic concentrations. An analog of LLP-1 with greatly reduced cytolytic activity failed to alter the electrophysiological properties of Xenopus oocytes. Thus, by altering plasma membrane ionic permeability, the carboxy terminus of TM may contribute to cytolysis of HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells.
Deacetylcephalosporin C (1961)

Structure I (R = CH3CO.O) has been pro- posed for cephalosporin C (Abraham
t(3;21)(q26;q22): a recurring chromosomal abnormality in therapy- related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (1990)

Abstract We have identified an identical reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 3 and 21 with breakpoints at bands 3q26 and 21q22, [t(3;21)(q26;q22)], in the malignant cells from five adult patients with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). Primary diagnoses were Hodgkin's disease in two patients and ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, and polycythemia vera in one patient each. Patients had been treated with chemotherapy including an alkylating agent for their primary disease 1 to 18 years before the development of t-MDS or t-AML. We have not observed the t(3;21) in over 1,500 patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia arising de novo or in over 1,000 patients with lymphoid malignancies. We have previously reported that the t(3;21) occurs in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Thus, the t(3;21) appears to be limited to t-MDS/t-AML and CML, both of which represent malignant disorders of an early hematopoietic precursor cell. These results provide a new focus for the study of therapy-related leukemia at the molecular level.
Identification of Two Amino Acids within the EIIIA (ED-A) Segment of Fibronectin Constituting the Epitope for Two Function-blocking Monoclonal Antibodies (1999)

Alternative splicing of the fibronectin gene transcript gives rise to a group of adhesive glycoproteins showing restricted spatial and temporal expression during embryonic development, tumor growth, and tissue repair. Alternative splicing occurs in three segments termed EIIIB, EIIIA, and V. The EIIIA (or ED-A) segment of fibronectin is expressed prominently but transiently in healing wounds coincident with fibroblast expression of an activation marker, smooth muscle cell alpha-actin. A monoclonal antibody (IST-9) to the EIIIA segment blocks transforming growth factor-beta-mediated smooth muscle cell alpha-actin expression by fibroblasts in culture. A second monoclonal antibody (DH1) blocks chondrocyte condensation in chicken embryos. We find that IST-9 and DH1 react with human, rat, and chicken but not with mouse or frog EIIIA, suggesting that His44 may be important for antibody binding. A series of deletion mutants of rat EIIIA, constructed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, do not react with either IST-9, DH1, or a third monoclonal antibody (3E2). Mutations of pairs of amino acids to alanine have little effect, except for either (Val34Thr35) or (Tyr36Ser37), which are located in a beta strand upstream from His44. For these double mutants, the binding to all three monoclonal antibodies is markedly reduced. By contrast, single mutants at Thr35, Tyr36, or Ser37 retain full activity, suggesting that the epitope for these antibodies is determined in part by conformation. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of rat EIIIA demonstrates the importance of Ile43 and His44 for binding. Mutation of frog EIIIA (normally Val43Lys44) to rat (Ile43His44) is sufficient to restore fully IST-9 binding and much of the activity of DH1 and 3E2. Our findings demonstrate that the function-blocking antibodies, IST-9 and DH1, bind to the Ile43 and His44 residues in a conformationally dependent fashion, implicating the loop region encompassing both residues as critical for mediating EIIIA function.
A Logic-in-Memory Computer (1970)

If, as presently projected, the cost of microelectronic arrays in the future will tend to reflect the number of pins on the array rather than the number of gates, the logic-in-memory array is an extremely attractive computer component. Such an array is essentially a microelectronic memory with some combinational logic associated with each storage element. A logic-in-memory computer is described that is organized around a logic-enhanced ``cache'' memory array. Used as a cache, a logic-in-memory array performs as a high-speed buffer between a conventional CPU and a conventional memory. The effect on the computer system of the cache and its control mechanism is to make the main memory appear to have all of the processing capabilities and almost the same performance as the cache. Operations within the array are naturally organized as operations on blocks of data called ``sectors.'' Among the operations that can be performed are arithmetic and logical operations on pairs of elements from two sectors, and a variety of associative search operations on a single sector. For such operations, the main memory of the computer appears to the program to be composed of a collection of logic-in-memory arrays, each the size of a sector. Because of the high-speed, highly parallel sector operations, the logic-in-memory computer points to a new direction for achieving orders of magnitude increase in computer performance. Moreover, since the computer is specifically organized for large-scale integration, the increased performance might be obtained for a comparatively small dollar cost.
An Elastase-Specific Inhibitor from Human Bronchial Mucus. Isolation and Characterization (1981)

It was shown previously that human bronchial mucus contains an acid-stable proteinase inhibitor directed against trypsin and chymotrypsin, polymorphonuclear granulocyte elastase and cathepsin G. In addition to this well-characterized inhibitor, designated here as BSI-ATE (identical with the inhibitor HUSI-I from human seminal plasma or antileucoprotease), another acid-stable inhibitor BSI-E is present in the mucus which exerts inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic and human granulocytic elastase, but not against trypsin, chymotrypsin, or granulocytic cathepsin G. This elastase-specific inhibitor was isolated by affinity chromatography. Its molecular mass and its amino acid composition are very similar to those of BSI-TE. An immunological cross-reactivity between both inhibitor species was not observed. In the mucus of patients suffering from obstructive airway disease the elastase-specific inhibitor is not present in the free form but can be liberated by acidification.