gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukoregulin, a direct-acting anticancer immunological hormone that is distinct from lymphotoxin and interferon. (1985)

Human lymphokine preparations can directly lyse or suppress proliferation of human tumor cells or can enhance the susceptibility of human tumor cells to lysis mediated by natural killer lymphocytes. In the past, these antitumor activities were attributed to lymphotoxin. This study demonstrates, however, that these human lymphokine antitumor cell activities are biochemically separable from lymphotoxin and are properties of a lymphokine which was named leukoregulin because it is produced by lymphocytes and it regulates target cell physiology and growth. Leukoregulin obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and isoelectric focusing was free of detectable lymphotoxin, interferon, interleukins 1 and 2, and macrophage-activating factor activities. Leukoregulin has an apparent molecular weight of 135,000 as measured by linear gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography and has isoelectric pHs of approximately 5.3 and 7.5. The molecular weight of leukoregulin, determined in the dissociating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 32,000. Flow cytometric analysis showed that tumor cell lysis, growth inhibition, and enhancement of susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by leukoregulin were accompanied by rapid alterations in tumor cell membrane permeability. Lymphotoxin from human peripheral blood leukocytes and highly purified lymphotoxin from RPMI 1788 human lymphoblastoid cells lysed murine alpha-L929 tumor cells but did not possess any of the direct acting antihuman tumor cell cytostatic, cytolytic, or natural killer cell enhancing activities that leukoregulin exhibited against a broad spectrum of human tumor cell lines. The dual modes of the anticancer actions of leukoregulin, direct cytotoxicity and indirect enhancement of natural killer cell cytotoxicity, make leukoregulin a unique-acting lymphokine and suggest several ways in which leukoregulin may be used as a therapeutic agent against cancer.
Biogenesis of Multiple Cellulase Components of Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa (1974)

In the culture medium of a cellulolytic bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa, several extracellular cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] components of different molecular weights were found, and the number of components increased in parallel with the culture period. Of these cellulase components, at least five (peaks I, II, III, IV, and V) were electrophoretically separated further into two components, A and B, in varying proportions. Peak I and peak V were composed almost exclusively of B and A, respectively. The ratio of total A to total B increased during bacterial growth. Moreover, peak I which had the largest molecular weight among the detectable extracellular cellulases was found to decrease in amount during culture, and almost disappeared at the later stages of culture. On the other hand, only peak I was found in the intrawall fraction during earlier stages of culture in which active secretion of extracellular cellulases was taking place. These facts strongly suggest that the multiple cellulase components in the culture medium are secondarily formed from peak I outside the cell.
Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Using Oil-in-Water (O/W) Submicrometer Emulsions Stabilized by ι-Carrageenan and β-Lactoglobulin (2010)

Oil-in-water (O/W) submicrometer emulsions stabilized by ι-carrageenan and β-lactoglobulin were successfully prepared by high-pressure homogenization (HPH), with the goal to develop biocompatible carriers for the active component of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The effects of pressure and the number of cycles on the physical properties of emulsions, such as droplet sizes, microstructure, and rheological properties were investigated. The increase in both processing pressure and the number of HPH cycles resulted in a decrease in droplet sizes and viscosities. A submicrometer O/W emulsion with a droplet size of about 400 nm was used to encapsulate EGCG. The results showed that, when EGCG concentration was up to 0.5% in the emulsion, EGCG could be successfully encapsulated in the O/W emulsions stabilized by ι-carrageenan and β-lactoglobulin. Within 14 days, emulsion droplet sizes showed negligible changes. However, when EGCG concentration was >0.5%, significant instability of the O/W emulsions due to the binding between EGCG and β-lactoglobulin was observed, as evidenced by the largely increased droplet sizes from light scattering and the appearance of large aggregates in the optical images. Moreover, EGCG encapsulated in an O/W submicrometer emulsion revealed an enhanced in vitro anticancer activity compared to the free EGCG. This study provides a novel encapsulation formulation to increase the biological efficacy of EGCG.
Is Mitochondrial tRNAphe Variant m.593T>C a Synergistically Pathogenic Mutation in Chinese LHON Families with m.11778G>A? (2011)

Mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) mutations have been reported to be associated with a variety of diseases. In a previous paper that studied the mtDNA background effect on clinical expression of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in 182 Chinese families with m.11778G>A, we found a strikingly high frequency (7/182) of m.593T>C in the mitochondrially encoded tRNA phenylalanine (MT-TF) gene in unrelated LHON patients. To determine the potential role of m.593T>C in LHON, we compared the frequency of this variant in 479 LHON patients with m.11778G>A, 843 patients with clinical features of LHON but without the three known primary mutations, and 2374 Han Chinese from the general populations. The frequency of m.593T>C was higher in LHON patients (14/479) than in suspected LHON subjects (12/843) or in general controls (49/2374), but the difference was not statistically significant. The overall penetrance of LHON in families with both m.11778G>A and m.593T>C (44.6%) was also substantially higher than that of families with only m.11778G>A (32.9%) (P = 0.083). Secondary structure prediction of the MT-TF gene with the wild type or m.593T>C showed that this nucleotide change decreases the free energy. Electrophoretic mobility of the MT-TF genes with the wild type or m.593T>C transcribed in vitro further confirmed the change of secondary structure in the presence of this variant. Although our results could suggest a modest synergistic effect of variant m.593T>C on the LHON causing mutation m.11778G>A, the lack of statistical significance probably due to the relatively small sample size analyzed, makes necessary more studies to confirm this effect.
Vibration Damping Properties of Nanotube-Reinforced Materials (2006)

Energy dissipation (damping) in structures/materials at the nanoscale level, the damping/ dynamics of materials require investigations before they will come to advanced engineering applications. By invoking the properties of nanostructures, it may be possible to enhance the energy dissipation. The paper therefore presents some preliminary results on the topic providing route map to the nanotechnology-based vibration damping solutions and comparison of some experimental damping behavior of nanoparticle-reinforced polymeric structures.
Robust active learning using crowdsourced annotations for activity recognition (2011)

Recognizing human activities from wearable sensor data is an important problem, particularly for health and eldercare applications. However, collecting sufficient labeled training data is challenging, especially since interpreting IMU traces is difficult for human annotators. Recently, crowdsourcing through services such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk has emerged as a promising alternative for annotating such data, with active learning (Cohn, Ghahramani, and Jordan 1996) serving as a natural method for affordably selecting an appropriate subset of instances to label. Unfortunately, since most active learning strategies are greedy methods that select the most uncertain sample, they are very sensitive to annotation errors (which corrupt a significant fraction of crowdsourced labels). This paper proposes methods for robust active learning under these conditions. Specifically, we make three contributions: 1) we obtain better initial labels by asking labelers to solve a related task; 2) we propose a new principled method for selecting instances in active learning that is more robust to annotation noise; 3) we estimate confidence scores for labels acquired from MTurk and ask workers to relabel samples that receive low scores under this metric. The proposed method is shown to significantly outperform existing techniques both under controlled noise conditions and in real active learning scenarios. The resulting method trains classifiers that are close in accuracy to those trained using ground-truth data. Copyright © 2011, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.
Rapid infarct imaging with a technetium-99m-labeled antimyosin recombinant single-chain Fv: evaluation in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction. (1993)

Studies of monoclonal antibody-based imaging agents show that blood clearance is inversely proportional to molecular size, i.e., Fab or Fab' > F(ab')2 > IgG. Indium-111-antimyosin Fab-DTPA is a highly specific and sensitive marker for myocardial necrosis. An improvement on current antibody diagnostic imaging may result from the use of smaller labeled fragments. We report the first in vivo targeting of acute myocardial infarction with a novel recombinant single-chain Fv (sFv) antimyosin protein. The sFv (MW = 27,594) is approximately one-half the size of the Fab and is comprised of the heavy and light chain variable regions from the myosin-specific murine monoclonal antibody R11D10 which were joined by a 15-amino-acid linker and expressed as a fusion protein (sFv) in E. coli. The binding affinity of the sFv for cardiac myosin was similar to the affinity observed for the Fab fragment. Technetium-99m labeling of the sFv was accomplished by the attachment of a cleavable, ester-linked bifunctional chelator (RP-1). Comparative studies in mice showed 99mTc-sFv-RP-1 cleared significantly faster (p < 0.001) than 99mTc-Fab'-RP-1 and 111In-Fab-DTPA antimyosin fragments. Furthermore, measurement of 99mTc-sFv-RP-1 blood clearance in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction gave a mean T1/2 of 0.54 +/- 0.13 hr versus 2.80 +/- 0.57 and 2.58 +/- 0.64 hr for Fab-DTPA and Fab'-RP-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. Despite its comparatively rapid clearance, 99mTc sFv-RP-1 had similar uptake in the infarct compared to the Fab'-RP-1. In addition, infarct visualization was more rapid with the sFv. Thus, these data demonstrate antimyosin sFv possesses characteristics necessary for rapid imaging of myocardial necrosis.
Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and nitric oxide in various tissue preparations and comparison to the effects of sodium azide and hydroxylamine. (1977)

Sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, sodium azide and hydroxylamine increased guanylate cyclase activity in particulate and/or soluble preparations from various tissues. While sodium nitroprusside increased guanylate cyclase activity in most of the preparations examined, the effects of sodium azide, hydroxylamine and nitroglycerin were tissue specific. Nitroglycerin and hydroxylamine were also less potent. Neither the protein activator factor nor catalase which is required for sodium azide effects altered the stimulatory effect of sodium nitroprusside. In the presence of sodium azide, sodium nitroprusside or hydroxylamine, magnesium ion was as effective as manganese ion as a sole cation cofactor for guanylate cyclase. With soluble guanylate cyclase from rat liver and bovine tracheal smooth muscle the concentrations of sodium nitroprusside that gave half-maximal stimulation with Mn2+ were 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM, respectively. Effective concentrations were slightly less with Mg2+ as a sole cation cofactor. The ability of these agents to increase cyclic GMP levels in intact tissues is probably due to their effects on guanylate cyclase activity. While the precise mechanism of guanylate cyclase activation by these agents is not known, activation may be due to the formation of nitric oxide or another reactive material since nitric oxide also increased guanylate cyclase activity.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Using Urine and Plasma Biomarkers (2014)

A scoring system incorporating two algorithms using urine and plasma biomarkers highly predicts the presence of GS ≥7 PCa in 75% of patients. Our algorithms may assist with both biopsy indication and patient prognosis.
Effect of Cell Wall Skeleton and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvant on the Immunogenicity of a Murine B16 Melanoma Vaccine (1991)

We examined the effect of a new adjuvant consisting of purified mycobacterial cell wall skeleton (CWS) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) on the immunogenicity of a murine melanoma vaccine. C57BL/6 mice were immunized to partially purified B16 melanoma vaccine given alone or together with different dose levels of adjuvant, or with saline or adjuvant alone. Humoral response, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), in vitro cytotoxicity, and tumor-protective immunity to melanoma were measured following three biweekly immunizations. The adjuvant potentiated the antibody response to some, but not all, melanoma antigens in a dose-dependent fashion. The adjuvant also potentiated cellular immunity as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. No potentiation of tumor-protective immunity was detected. In comparison to Freund's complete adjuvant, cell wall skeleton plus monophosphoryl lipid A (CWS:MPL) induced fewer cutaneous toxic effects and stronger antibody and DTH responses but resulted in no greater in vitro cytotoxicity or tumor-protective immunity. Thus, the adjuvant had a selective and dose-dependent effect on humoral responses to vaccine immunization but did not potentiate a tumor-protective immunity to B16 melanoma.
Spinal Cord Dysfunction: Volume II: Intervention and Treatment (1991)

Abstract This is the second in a series of books dealing with the enormous clinical problem of spinal-cord dysfunction. Volume I discussed assessment; this book focuses on intervention. There are three main approaches to the restoration of function after damage to the spinal cord: the prevention of secondary pathological events; the identification of impaired or absent functions in nerve cells and processes that survive the initial insult; and restoration of severed neuronal connections. This book addresses the first two of these approaches. It contains a discussion of the arguments about early decompression of the spinal cord following injury, therapy of acute spinal injury, and the effects of early treatment and local cooling on spinal-cord blood flow. The management of specific problems associated with spinal-cord dysfunction is addressed; these problems include cardiovascular abnormalities due to autonomic dysfunction, bladder control, pain, and sexual function. Current procedures of rehabilitation (particularly the management of chronic problems and the treatment of complications) are summarized, and ideas on motor control and learning are discussed.
Event-driven Data Mining Techniques for Automotive Fault Diagnosis (2010)

The increasing sophistication of electronics in vehicular systems is providing the necessary information to perform data-driven diagnostics. Specifically, the advances in automobiles enable periodic acquisition of data from telematics services and the associated dealer diagnostic data from vehicles; this requires a data-driven framework that can detect component degradations and isolate the root causes of failures. The event-driven data consists of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and the concomitant parameter identifiers (PIDs) collected from various sensors, customer complaints (CCs), and labor codes (LCs) associated with the repair. In this paper, we discuss a systematic data-driven diagnostic framework featuring data pre-processing, data visualization, clustering, classification, and fusion techniques and apply it to field failure datasets. The results demonstrated that the support vector machine (SVM) classifier with DTCs and customer complaints as features provides the best accuracy (74.3%) compared to any other classifier and that a tree- structured classifier with SVM as the base classifier at each node achieves approximately 75.2% diagnostic accuracy.
Early Versus Delayed Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Specific Antigen Only Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy (2004)

The retrospective observational multicenter database analysis demonstrated that early HT administered for PSAR after prior RP was an independent predictor of delayed clinical metastases only for high-risk cases at the current followup. Further study with longer followup and randomized trials are needed to address this important issue.
In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α (1996)

To examine the function of IL-10 synthesis during early infection with the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, IL-10 knockout (KO) mice were inoculated with an avirulent parasite strain (ME-49). In contrast to control littermates that displayed 100% survival, the IL-10-deficient animals succumbed within the first 2 wk of the infection, with no evidence of enhanced parasite proliferation. The mortality in the IL-10 KO mice was associated with enhanced liver pathology characterized by increased cellular infiltration and intense necrosis. Levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in sera of infected IL-10-deficient animals were four- to sixfold higher than those in sera from control mice, as were mRNA levels for IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 in lung tissue. Similarly, macrophages from IL-10 KO mice activated in vitro or in vivo with T. gondii produced higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-12 than macrophages from control animals. Moreover, spleen cells from IL-10 KO mice infected with T. gondii secreted more IFN-gamma than splenocytes from nondeficient animals. In vitro depletion experiments indicated that CD4+ lymphocytes are the major source of the latter cytokine in the spleen cell populations, and in vivo depletion with anti-CD4 Abs protected the IL-10 KO mice from parasite-induced mortality. Together the data suggest that endogenous IL-10 synthesis plays an important role in vivo in down-regulating monokine and IFN-gamma responses to acute intracellular infection, thereby preventing host immunopathology.
Expression, purification and catalytic activity of Lupinus luteus asparagine β‐amidohydrolase and its Escherichia coli homolog (2004)

We describe the expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of two homologous enzymes, with amidohydrolase activities, of plant (Lupinus luteus potassium-independent asparaginase, LlA) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, ybiK/spt/iaaA gene product, EcAIII) origin. Both enzymes were expressed in E. coli cells, with (LlA) or without (EcAIII) a His-tag sequence. The proteins were purified, yielding 6 or 30 mg.L(-1) of culture, respectively. The enzymes are heat-stable up to 60 degrees C and show both isoaspartyl dipeptidase and l-asparaginase activities. Kinetic parameters for both enzymatic reactions have been determined, showing that the isoaspartyl peptidase activity is the dominating one. Despite sequence similarity to aspartylglucosaminidases, no aspartylglucosaminidase activity could be detected. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the relationship of these proteins to other asparaginases and aspartylglucosaminidases and suggested their classification as N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases. This is consistent with the observed autocatalytic breakdown of the immature proteins into two subunits, with liberation of an N-terminal threonine as a potential catalytic residue.
Dronedarone: An Amiodarone Analog for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter (2007)

Dronedarone is a new antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Further studies are needed to better define dronedarone's safety profile and place in therapy.
A novel glyco-conjugate vaccine against fungal pathogens (2005)

To generate a vaccine to protect against a variety of human pathogenic fungi, we conjugated laminarin (Lam), a well-characterized but poorly immunogenic beta-glucan preparation from the brown alga Laminaria digitata, with the diphtheria toxoid CRM197, a carrier protein used in some glyco-conjugate bacterial vaccines. This Lam-CRM conjugate proved to be immunogenic and protective as immunoprophylactic vaccine against both systemic and mucosal (vaginal) infections by Candida albicans. Protection probably was mediated by anti-beta-glucan antibodies as demonstrated by passive transfer of protection to naive mice by the whole immune serum, the immune vaginal fluid, and the affinity-purified anti-beta-glucan IgG fractions, as well as by administration of a beta-glucan-directed IgG2b mAb. Passive protection was prevented by adsorption of antibodies on Candida cells or beta-glucan particles before transfer. Anti-beta-glucan antibodies bound to C. albicans hyphae and inhibited their growth in vitro in the absence of immune-effector cells. Remarkably, Lam-CRM-vaccinated mice also were protected from a lethal challenge with conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus, and their serum also bound to and markedly inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus hyphae. Thus, this novel conjugate vaccine can efficiently immunize and protect against two major fungal pathogens by mechanisms that may include direct antifungal properties of anti-beta-glucan antibodies.
Locall-Arginine Delivery After Balloon Angioplasty Reduces Monocyte Binding and Induces Apoptosis (1999)

Intramural delivery of L-arginine immediately after angioplasty causes a sustained increase in tissue L-arginine levels associated with enhancement of local NO synthesis. The local increase in NO synthesis is associated with an attenuation of monocyte binding and increased apoptosis of resident macrophages. This treatment strategy could be valuable for the prevention and management of restenosis.
A framework for segmentation using physical models of image formation (1994)

This paper presents a new approach to segmentation using explicit hypotheses about the physics that creates images. We propose an initial segmentation that identifies image regions exhibiting constant color; but possibly varying intensity. For each region, we propose a set of hypotheses, each of which specifically models the illumination, reflectance, and shape of the 3-D patch which caused that region. Each hypothesis represents a distinct, plausible explanation for the color and intensity variation of that patch. Hypotheses for adjacent patches can be compared for similarity and merged when appropriate, resulting in more global hypotheses which group elementary regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>