gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Cell Attachment Selectively onto Biological Polymer−Colloid Templates Using Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping (2004)

A new patterning approach using polymer-on-polymer stamping (POPS) has been developed to fabricate polymer-colloid templates for controlling selective cell attachment. In this paper, a polyamine surface patterned onto a poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA/PAH) cell resistant multilayer platform serves as a template for the deposition of close- or loose-packed colloidal particles. Peptides containing the RGD adhesion sequence were used to modify the PAH/colloid surface for specific cell attachment. Cell behavior was studied by varying colloidal packing array density, pattern geometry, and surface chemistry. It was found that loose-packed RGD-modified colloidal arrays enhance cell adhesion, as observed through the development of focal adhesion contacts and orientation of actin stress fibers, but close-packed colloidal arrays induce a rounded and nonadhesive cell morphology and yield a smaller number of attached cells. On loose-packed arrays, cells adjust their shapes to the pattern geometry when the stripe width is smaller than 50 microm and increase their extent of attachment when the concentration of surface RGD peptides is increased. This new biomaterials system allows the examination of cell behavior as a function of RGD surface distribution on the molecular to micrometer scale and reveals cellular response to different surface roughnesses.
The potential impact of integrated malaria transmission control on entomologic inoculation rate in highly endemic areas. (2000)

We have used a relatively simple but accurate model for predicting the impact of integrated transmission control on the malaria entomologic inoculation rate (EIR) at four endemic sites from across sub-Saharan Africa and the southwest Pacific. The simulated campaign incorporated modestly effective vaccine coverage, bed net use, and larval control. The results indicate that such campaigns would reduce EIRs at all four sites by 30- to 50-fold. Even without the vaccine, 15- to 25-fold reductions of EIR were predicted, implying that integrated control with a few modestly effective tools can meaningfully reduce malaria transmission in a range of endemic settings. The model accurately predicts the effects of bed nets and indoor spraying and demonstrates that they are the most effective tools available for reducing EIR. However, the impact of domestic adult vector control is amplified by measures for reducing the rate of emergence of vectors or the level of infectiousness of the human reservoir. We conclude that available tools, including currently neglected methods for larval control, can reduce malaria transmission intensity enough to alleviate mortality. Integrated control programs should be implemented to the fullest extent possible, even in areas of intense transmission, using simple models as decision-making tools. However, we also conclude that to eliminate malaria in many areas of intense transmission is beyond the scope of methods which developing nations can currently afford. New, cost-effective, practical tools are needed if malaria is ever to be eliminated from highly endemic areas.
Targeting integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

To date, increasing numbers of integrin-targeted drugs are undergoing development and they exhibit diverse effects in cancer clinical trials. Tumor heterogeneity should be emphasized in developing effective integrin-targeted drugs specific for HCC. A better understanding of how integrins cooperatively function in HCC will assist in designing more successful integrin-targeted therapeutic drugs and corresponding approaches.
An enzyme immunoassay for auto-antibodies to keratin in normal human serum and in pleural fluids from patients with various malignant or non-malignant lung diseases. (1986)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-keratin antibodies was prepared by coating microplates with epidermal keratin purified from the stratum corneum from human foot. Naturally occurring auto-antibodies bind keratin via their f(ab')2 fragment. They were assayed in the serum from 65 healthy people. The serum titer increased significantly with aging. Auto-antibodies stained all the layers of a normal human epidermis whereas an immune serum, prepared by injecting a rabbit with pure human keratin proteins, stained more efficiently the outer layers of the human skin; pre-immune rabbit serum did not stain human skin at all. The lowest anti-keratin activities were observed in serum from patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma and with mesothelioma. The activity was lower in pleural fluid from patients with pleural mesothelioma than in pleural fluid from other types of cancer. This is possibly due to the fixation of autoantibodies onto the pleural tumor or on cell debris arising from the tumor.
Combination of Viral Oncolysis and Tumor-Specific Immunity to Control Established Tumors (2009)

Thus, the current study may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of advanced-stage cancers.
Response Artifact in the Measurement of Neuroleptic-Induced Anhedonia (1981)

Systemic administration of the neuroleptic drug alpha-flupenthixol attenuated lever-pressing behavior in rats responding for rewarding brain stimulation. The magnitude of this attenuation was dose-dependent and resembled the effects of reward reduction and termination. However, when the operant response requirements of the same rats were changed to nose poking, identical drug treatments produced relatively little attenuation in performance. These data do not support the belief that neuroleptics produce a general state of anhedonia. Rather, the apparent suppression of reinforced behaviors depends at least in part on the kinetic requirements of the response.
Using a reference point and videokeratography for intraoperative identification of astigmatism axis (1997)

The results of this study suggest that intraoperative identification of the astigmatism axis without using reference points may reduce the surgical effect because of axis misalignment. The use of a reference point and preoperative videokeratography may increase the accuracy of identification of the astigmatism axis.
Stable Gene Selection from Microarray Data via Sample Weighting (2011)

Feature selection from gene expression microarray data is a widely used technique for selecting candidate genes in various cancer studies. Besides predictive ability of the selected genes, an important aspect in evaluating a selection method is the stability of the selected genes. Experts instinctively have high confidence in the result of a selection method that selects similar sets of genes under some variations to the samples. However, a common problem of existing feature selection methods for gene expression data is that the selected genes by the same method often vary significantly with sample variations. In this work, we propose a general framework of sample weighting to improve the stability of feature selection methods under sample variations. The framework first weights each sample in a given training set according to its influence to the estimation of feature relevance, and then provides the weighted training set to a feature selection method. We also develop an efficient margin-based sample weighting algorithm under this framework. Experiments on a set of microarray data sets show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the stability of representative feature selection algorithms such as SVM-RFE and ReliefF, without sacrificing their classification performance. Moreover, the proposed algorithm also leads to more stable gene signatures than the state-of-the-art ensemble method, particularly for small signature sizes.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reflects Structural Connectivity in the Default Mode Network (2008)

Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies constitute a growing proportion of functional brain imaging publications. This approach detects temporal correlations in spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal oscillations while subjects rest quietly in the scanner. Although distinct resting-state networks related to vision, language, executive processing, and other sensory and cognitive domains have been identified, considerable skepticism remains as to whether resting-state functional connectivity maps reflect neural connectivity or simply track BOLD signal correlations driven by nonneural artifact. Here we combine diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography with resting-state fcMRI to test the hypothesis that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity. These 2 modalities were used to investigate connectivity within the default mode network, a set of brain regions--including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), medial temporal lobes (MTLs), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/retropslenial cortex (RSC)--implicated in episodic memory processing. Using seed regions from the functional connectivity maps, the DTI analysis revealed robust structural connections between the MTLs and the retrosplenial cortex whereas tracts from the MPFC contacted the PCC (just rostral to the RSC). The results demonstrate that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity and that combining modalities can enrich our understanding of these canonical brain networks.
Interleukin 4 reverses T cell proliferative unresponsiveness and prevents the onset of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. (1993)

Beginning at the time of insulitis (7 wk of age), CD4+ and CD8+ mature thymocytes from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice exhibit a proliferative unresponsiveness in vitro after T cell receptor (TCR) crosslinking. This unresponsiveness does not result from either insulitis or thymic involution and is long lasting, i.e., persists until diabetes onset (24 wk of age). We previously proposed that it represents a form of thymic T cell anergy that predisposes to diabetes onset. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by further investigating the mechanism responsible for NOD thymic T cell proliferative unresponsiveness and determining whether reversal of this unresponsiveness protects NOD mice from diabetes. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion by thymocytes from > 7-wk-old NOD mice was virtually undetectable after treatment with either anti-TCR alpha/beta, anti-CD3, or Concanavalin A (Con A) compared with those by thymocytes from age- and sex-matched control BALB/c mice stimulated under identical conditions. NOD thymocytes stimulated by anti-TCR alpha/beta or anti-CD3 secreted less IL-2 than did similarly activated BALB/c thymocytes. However, since equivalent levels of IL-3 were secreted by Con A-activated NOD and BALB/c thymocytes, the unresponsiveness of NOD thymic T cells does not appear to be dependent on reduced IL-2 secretion. The surface density and dissociation constant of the high affinity IL-2 receptor of Con A-activated thymocytes from both strains are also similar. The patterns of unresponsiveness and lymphokine secretion seen in anti-TCR/CD3-activated NOD thymic T cells were also observed in activated NOD peripheral spleen T cells. Exogenous recombinant (r)IL-2 only partially reverses NOD thymocyte proliferative unresponsiveness to anti-CD3, and this is mediated by the inability of IL-2 to stimulate a complete IL-4 secretion response. In contrast, exogenous IL-4 reverses the unresponsiveness of both NOD thymic and peripheral T cells completely, and this is associated with the complete restoration of an IL-2 secretion response. Furthermore, the in vivo administration of rIL-4 to prediabetic NOD mice protects them from diabetes. Thus, the ability of rIL-4 to reverse completely the NOD thymic and peripheral T cell proliferative defect in vitro and protect against diabetes in vivo provides further support for a causal relationship between this T cell proliferative unresponsiveness and susceptibility to diabetes in NOD mice.
Identification of Candidate Growth Promoting Genes in Ovarian Cancer through Integrated Copy Number and Expression Analysis (2010)

Ovarian cancer is a disease characterised by complex genomic rearrangements but the majority of the genes that are the target of these alterations remain unidentified. Cataloguing these target genes will provide useful insights into the disease etiology and may provide an opportunity to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. High resolution genome wide copy number and matching expression data from 68 primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas of various histotypes was integrated to identify genes in regions of most frequent amplification with the strongest correlation with expression and copy number. Regions on chromosomes 3, 7, 8, and 20 were most frequently increased in copy number (> 40% of samples). Within these regions, 703/1370 (51%) unique gene expression probesets were differentially expressed when samples with gain were compared to samples without gain. 30% of these differentially expressed probesets also showed a strong positive correlation (r > or =0.6) between expression and copy number. We also identified 21 regions of high amplitude copy number gain, in which 32 known protein coding genes showed a strong positive correlation between expression and copy number. Overall, our data validates previously known ovarian cancer genes, such as ERBB2, and also identified novel potential drivers such as MYNN, PUF60 and TPX2.
Silk Fibroin Solution Properties Related to Assembly and Structure (2008)

The impact of physiological factors on silk fibroin solution properties was studied. Specifically, the impact of fibroin concentration, protein purity, cation type and concentration, and pH on aqueous solution viscosity, shear behavior, and surface tension were assessed in the context of silk protein assembly. The results demonstrate that in vitro results could be correlated to in vivo processing events during silk spinning. Rheological properties with reference to the amphiphilic block structure of the protein are described, pH dependency of shear response was quantitatively correlated to the predicted pI values of the fibroin protein, and cooperativity among environmental factors such as pH and salts was identified. Stabilization of silk fibroin solution states by calcium was identified as a mode to control shear sensitivity of the fibroin solution. The cooperativities identified suggest tight control of fibroin aqueous solution rheological properties to gain a window of protection against premature crystallization of the fibroin during processing, assuring safe storage, transport, and finally successful fiber spinning.
Investigation of RFID tag readability for pharmaceutical products at item level (2009)

The analysis shows that the RFID tag readability is strongly dependent on the factors that are experimented with. The level of the factors for optimum RFID system performance should be adjusted based on the particular application.
Uterine serous papillary carcinomas overexpress human trophoblast‐cell‐surface marker (trop‐2) and are highly sensitive to immunotherapy with hRS7, a humanized anti‐trop‐2 monoclonal antibody (2011)

Trop-2 was highly expressed in uterine serous carcinoma at mRNA and protein levels. Primary USPC cell lines are highly sensitivity to hRS7-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. hRS7 may represent a novel therapeutic agent for USPC refractory to standard treatment modalities.
Effectiveness of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for Diabetic Gastroenteropathy with Constipation. (1997)

We present a diabetic patient with long-standing constipation complicated by paralytic ileus and septic shock. She successfully recovered from a critical condition, and her diabetes was well controlled. However, the constipation did not improve even after the administration of conventional medications. Epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), improved her bowel motility and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction, as evident from her heart rate and blood pressure response. Gastroenteropathy is a major diabetic complication which may cause disturbed bowel motility leading to serious enterobacterial infections, thus, its amelioration is important. ARI may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic gastroenteropathy refractory to conventional therapies.
Electromagnetic model for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on metal colloids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromagnetic model for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on metal colloidsMilton KerkerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 8, 271–277Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00104a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00104a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper (2008)

MicroCT was more accurate than both caliper and 18F-FDG-PET for in vivo volumetric measurements of subcutaneous tumors in mice.18F-FDG-PET was considered unsuitable for determination of tumor size. External caliper were inaccurate and encumbered with a significant and size dependent bias. MicroCT was also the most reproducible of the methods.
Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing epstein‐barr virus glycoprotein gp340 protects cottontop tamarins against EB virus‐induced malignant lymphomas (1988)

A strong association exists between Epstein-Barr (EB) virus and two human cancers, endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, the virus causes infectious mononucleosis [reviewed in Epstein and Achong, 1979, 1986] and more recently has been implicated in lymphomas arising in immunosuppressed individuals [Cleary et al., 1986]. The possibility of preventing or influencing the course of these diseases by vaccination has been advocated for a number of years [Epstein, 1976], especially in the case of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is the most common tumour of men in southern China and is prevalent in other specific regions; it therefore represents a major world cancer problem [Shanmugaratnam, 1971]. Two vaccinia virus strains were employed to make recombinants expressing the gene coding for the EB virus envelope glycoprotein, gp340, and were used to vaccinate cottontop tamarins. Protection against EB-virus-induced lymphoma was obtained in animals immunized with the laboratory (WR) strain recombinant but not with those recombinants derived from the vaccine (Wyeth) strain. Circulating antibodies to EB virus gp340 were not detected in any of the immunized animals.
Heterology Expression of the Arabidopsis C-Repeat/Dehydration Response Element Binding Factor 1 Gene Confers Elevated Tolerance to Chilling and Oxidative Stresses in Transgenic Tomato (2002)

In an attempt to improve stress tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants, an expression vector containing an Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration responsive element binding factor 1 (CBF1) cDNA driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was transferred into tomato plants. Transgenic expression of CBF1 was proved by northern- and western-blot analyses. The degree of chilling tolerance of transgenic T(1) and T(2) plants was found to be significantly greater than that of wild-type tomato plants as measured by survival rate, chlorophyll fluorescence value, and radical elongation. The transgenic tomato plants exhibited patterns of growth retardation; however, they resumed normal growth after GA(3) (gibberellic acid) treatment. More importantly, GA(3)-treated transgenic plants still exhibited a greater degree of chilling tolerance compared with wild-type plants. Subtractive hybridization was performed to isolate the responsive genes of heterologous Arabidopsis CBF1 in transgenic tomato plants. CATALASE1 (CAT1) was obtained and showed activation in transgenic tomato plants. The CAT1 gene and catalase activity were also highly induced in the transgenic tomato plants. The level of H(2)O(2) in the transgenic plants was lower than that in the wild-type plants under either normal or cold conditions. The transgenic plants also exhibited considerable tolerance against oxidative damage induced by methyl viologen. Results from the current study suggest that heterologous CBF1 expression in transgenic tomato plants may induce several oxidative-stress responsive genes to protect from chilling stress.
Pulmonary Nodule Detection, Characterization, and Management With Multidetector Computed Tomography (2011)

Pulmonary nodule detection and characterization continue to improve with technological advancements. The noninvasive methods available for assisting in nodule detection and for characterizing nodules as benign, malignant, or indeterminate will be discussed. Evidence-based guidelines will be reviewed to help guide the appropriate management of pulmonary nodules.
Derivation of a T cell line that is highly responsive to IL-4 and IL-2 (CT.4R) and of an IL-2 hyporesponsive mutant of that line (CT.4S). (1989)

The derivation of subline of CTLL cells that grow in IL-4/B cell stimulatory factor-1 is described. These cells, designated CT.4R cells, were obtained by extended culture of the CTLL line CT.EV in IL-4. CT.4R cells are highly responsive to both IL-4 and IL-2. Mutagenesis of CT.4R cells with ethylmethane sulfonate and selection for lack of expression of the p55 chain of the IL-2R was carried out and a clone was selected that was hyporesponsive to IL-2 but retained full sensitivity to IL-4. These cells, designated CT.4S cells, develop a very meager response to IL-2 at concentrations of 100 U/ml or less although that display vigorous responses to higher IL-2 concentrations. CT.4S cells give measurable responses to 3-10 U/ml (approximately 15-50 pg/ml) of IL-4. CT.4R and CT.4S cells fail to respond to IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-CSF, CSF-1 or IFN-gamma. Thus, CT.4S cells can be used as a sensitive and specific bioassay for IL-4. ID CT.4R cells can be grown in either IL-4 or IL-2. When grown in IL-4, CT.4R cells express small amounts of the p55 chain of the IL-2R but rapidly upregulate their level of expression of p55 when IL-2 is added and rapidly diminish p55 expression when IL-2 is removed. Thus, although IL-2 and IL-4 both stimulate vigorous growth responses by CT.4R cells, they differ in their capacity to induce the expression of the p55 chain implying that their mechanisms of T cell stimulation are not identical.