gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF FORCES ACTING ON SUPERPARAMAGNETIC BEADS IN FLUID MEDIUM IN GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS (2009)

Superparamagnetic micro beads offer some attractive applications in biological and biomedical fields. Some of the important applications include manipulation and separation of cells, isolation of specific cells, active drug delivery, magnetic cell separation, separation of proteins, and application of mechanical forces to cells, etc. When non uniform magnetic field is applied on the beads, they form crystalline structures depending on the applied magnetic field, gradient of the magnetic field and the magnetic and drag forces acting on the beads. In the current work, focus has been on the analysis of the behavior of Superparamagnetic beads immersed in fluid medium when placed in non uniform gradient fields. A COMSOL Multiphysics model is developed in 2D with Magnetostatics, Fluid Dynamics and Moving Mesh Mode for predicting the motion of magnetizable beads in gradient fields, considering the effects of fluidic drag forces on the beads in the micro system. The model is developed based on the real experimental setup. Initial effort has been done in designing a 3D model to analyze the forces acting on the beads in various directions.
Opposite Effects of Insulin on Focal Adhesion Proteins in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and in Cells Overexpressing the Insulin Receptor (1998)

Insulin can regulate the abundance and organization of filamentous actin within cells in culture. Early studies using cell lines that overexpress the insulin receptor demonstrated that insulin caused a rapid reversible disassembly of actin filaments that coincided with the rapid tyrosine dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. We have extended these studies by demonstrating that paxillin, another focal adhesion protein, and Src undergo tyrosine dephosphorylation in response to insulin in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and rat hepatoma (HTC) cells that overexpress the insulin receptor. This contrasted with the effect of insulin in parental CHO and HTC cells in which focal adhesion proteins were not dephosphorylated in response to the hormone. In addition, insulin caused a dispersion of focal adhesion proteins and disruption of actin filament bundles only in cells that overexpressed the insulin receptor. Moreover, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which are considered prototypic insulin-responsive cells, actin filament assembly was stimulated, and focal adhesion protein tyrosine phosphorylation was not altered. 3T3-L1 cells have more insulin receptors than either parental CHO or HTC cells but have fivefold less insulin receptors than the overexpressing cell lines. We hypothesize that a threshold may exist in which the overexpression of insulin receptors determines how insulin signaling pathways regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
Coordination of Tetravalent Actinides (An=ThIV, UIV, NpIV, PuIV) with DOTA: From Dimers to Hexamers (2017)

Three tetravalent actinide (An<sup>IV</sup> ) hexanuclear clusters with the octahedral core [An<sub>6</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> O<sub>4</sub> ]<sup>12+</sup> (An<sup>IV</sup> =U<sup>IV</sup> , Np<sup>IV</sup> , Pu<sup>IV</sup> ) were structurally characterized in the solid state and in aqueous solution by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The observed structure, [An<sub>6</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> O<sub>4</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)<sub>8</sub> (HDOTA)<sub>4</sub> ]⋅HCl/HNO<sub>3</sub> ⋅n H<sub>2</sub> O (An=U(I), Np(II), Pu(III)), consists of a An<sup>IV</sup> hexanuclear pseudo-octahedral cluster stabilized by DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) ligands. The six actinide atoms are connected through alternate μ<sub>3</sub> -O<sup>2-</sup> and μ<sub>3</sub> -OH<sup>-</sup> groups. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) investigations combined with UV/Vis spectroscopy provide evidence for the same local structure in moderate acidic and neutral aqueous solutions. The synthesis mechanism was partially elucidated and the main physicochemical properties (pH range stability, solubility, and protonation constant) of the cluster were determined. The results underline the importance of: 1) considering such polynuclear species in thermodynamic models, and 2) competing reactions between hydrolysis and complexation. It is interesting to note that the same synthesis route with thorium(IV) led to the formation of a dimer, Th<sub>2</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)<sub>10</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> DOTA)<sub>2</sub> ⋅4 NO<sub>3</sub> ⋅x H<sub>2</sub> O (IV), which contrasts to the structure of the other An<sup>IV</sup> hexamers.
Pretreatment with the dopamine agonist 7-OH-DPAT shifts the cocaine self-administration dose-effect function to the left under different schedules in the rat (1995)

This study tested the hypothesis that administration of the dopamine agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) shifts the cocaine self-administration dose-effect function to the left, rather than producing nonspecific effects or exclusively enhancing the rate-decreasing effects of high doses of cocaine. Under fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio schedules, rats were allowed to intravenously self-administer cocaine, 7-OH-DPAT, or a combination of cocaine and 7-OH-DPAT. In additional tests under fixed-ratio schedules, cocaine self-administration followed subcutaneous pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT. Cocaine dose-effect functions were obtained by varying the unit dose of cocaine either between test sessions or within a single session. Intravenous 7-OH-DPAT (1-4µg) decreased self-administration of the training dose of cocaine (0.25mg) under a fixed-ratio schedule, but failed to shift the entire cocaine self-administration dose-effect function to the left under fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio schedules. 7-OH-DPAT alone maintained i.v. self-administration under these schedules, but produced a shallow self-administration dose-effect function, relative to cocaine, under the progressive-ratio schedule. In contrast to intravenous 7-OH-DPAT, s.c. pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT (0.1-0.4mg/kg) not only decreased self-administration of the training dose of cocaine but also lowered the minimum effective dose of cocaine under fixed-ratio schedules, producing a shift to the left of the cocaine self-administration dose-effect function; these effects were independent of whether the dose of cocaine was varied between sessions or within a single session. Likewise under a multiple schedule, in which responding was maintained by cocaine and food in alternate components, s.c. pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT increased self-administration of the dose of cocaine on the ascending limb of the dose-effect function and decreased self-administration of doses of cocaine on the descending limb, while uniformly decreasing responding for food. These observations suggest that pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT enhances the reinforcing properties of cocaine rather than producing nonspecific effects or enhancing exclusively the rate-decreasing effects of high doses of self-administered cocaine.
The Simple Clinical Score predicts mortality for 30 days after admission to an acute medical unit (2006)

The Simple Clinical Score quickly and accurately identifies patients at both a low and high risk of death from the first to the 30th day after admission, enabling prompt triage and placement within a health-care facility.
New application for metallocene catalysts in olefin polymerization (2009)

Metallocenes and other transition metal complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane allow the synthesis of polyolefins with a highly defined microstructure, tacticity, and stereoregularity. New copolymers, long chain branched polymers, and polyolefin nanocomposites are produced by these highly active catalysts. A better understanding of the structure of active sites for the olefin polymerization will lead to findings of new and simpler co-catalysts. Ethene or propene can be copolymerized with 1-olefin macromers with chain lengths up to 12,000 g mol(-1) as well as with cyclic olefins. Polypropenes of high molecular weight and filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes show exciting new physical and mechanical properties and are prepared by in situ polymerization. These, and other polyolefin specialities, will be new future materials in a wide range of applications.
Effect of the seed extract of carrot (Daucus carota Linn.) on the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour in mice (1998)

The petroleum ether extract of the seeds of carrot (Daucus carota Linn), administered intraperitoneally at doses of 3 mg and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 days, showed antitumour activity, inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour in mice. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DDR2 receptor promotes MMP-2–mediated proliferation and invasion by hepatic stellate cells (2001)

Type I collagen provokes activation of hepatic stellate cells during liver injury through mechanisms that have been unclear. Here, we tested the role of the discoidin domain tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (DDR2), which signals in response to type I collagen, in this pathway. DDR2 mRNA and protein are induced in stellate cells activated by primary culture or in vivo during liver injury. The receptor becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to either endogenous or exogenous type I collagen, whereas its expression is downregulated during cellular quiescence induced by growth on Matrigel. We developed stellate cell lines stably overexpressing either wild-type DDR2, a constitutively active chimeric DDR2 receptor (Fc-DDR2), a truncated receptor expressing the extracellular domain, or a kinase-dead DDR2 Cells overexpressing DDR2 showed enhanced proliferation and invasion through Matrigel, activities that were directly related to increased expression of active matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). These data show that DDR2 is induced during stellate cell activation and implicate the phosphorylated receptor as a mediator of MMP-2 release and growth stimulation in response to type I collagen. Moreover, type I collagen-dependent upregulation of DDR2 expression establishes a positive feedback loop in activated stellate cells, leading to further proliferation and enhanced invasive activity.
Substrate diversity of Pseudomonas spp. containing chlorotoluene degradative plasmids (1983)

Strains of Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from soil by direct enrichment with chlorinated toluenes contained plasmids of approx.72 mdaltons which encoded for chlorotoluene degradation. Restriction analyses indicated that these plasmids, though of similar size, are not identical. Unlike Ps. putida mt-2 (TOL), strains used in this investigation did not utilize the meta-cleavage pathway for toluene catabolism. In addition, both the Ps. cepacia and and Pseudomonas spp. exhibit an increased range of activity on mono- and dichloronated toluenes and benzoates. The Ps. cepacia and Pseudomonas spp. were compared also with known toluene-degrading pseudomonads at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels to gain insight into the development of catabolic plasmids and to explore the potential of such microorganisms to degrade toxic organic compounds. 30 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.
A WiMAX-Based Implementation of Network MIMO for Indoor Wireless Systems (2009)

It is well known that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can bring numerous benefits, such as higher spectral efficiency, to point-to-point wireless links. More recently, there has been interest in extending MIMO concepts to multiuser wireless systems. Our focus in this paper is on network MIMO, a family of techniques whereby each end user in a wireless access network is served through several access points within its range of influence. By tightly coordinating the transmission and reception of signals at multiple access points, network MIMO can transcend the limits on spectral efficiency imposed by cochannel interference. Taking prior information-theoretic analyses of network MIMO to the next level, we quantify the spectral efficiency gains obtainable under realistic propagation and operational conditions in a typical indoor deployment. Our study relies on detailed simulations and, for specificity, is conducted largely within the physical-layer framework of the IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX system. Furthermore, to facilitate the coordination between access points, we assume that a high-capacity local area network, such as Gigabit Ethernet, connects all the access points. Our results confirm that network MIMO stands to provide a multiple-fold increase in spectral efficiency under these conditions.
Concurrent Validity of the Tower Tasks as Measures of Executive Function in Adults: A Meta-Analysis (2009)

Executive function refers to a variety of behaviors and abilities related to planning and strategy use, as well as to the maintenance of attention and behavior in the pursuit of some goal. Many instruments have been designed for the purpose of assessing executive function, and the tower tasks represent a specific group of measures commonly used in the assessment of this construct. This review and meta-analysis examines the theoretical and psychometric basis for the use of the various tower tasks in neuropsychological assessment of adults. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence are consistent with theoretical hypotheses of frontal involvement (e.g., planning and strategy use) in tower task performance. Further, adults with various disorders of presumed neurological basis demonstrate impaired performance on tower tasks. Implications for the use of tower tasks in practice and research are discussed.
Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs, Cyclooxygenase‐2 and the Bone Healing Process (2007)

Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of pain, including bone fracture pain and orthopaedic post-operative pain. The gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse effects of NSAIDs are acknowledged, but their effects on bone are less widely known. Prostaglandins play an important role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast functions, and inhibition of prostaglandin production retards bone formation. Therefore, NSAIDs could be expected to have significant consequences in divergent clinical situations where bone formation or remodelling is a contributing factor. The present survey reviews current experimental and clinical evidence related to two of those conditions (i.e. on ectopic bone formation and on bone fracture healing). NSAIDs are used clinically to prevent ectopic bone formation (also known as heterotopic ossification) (e.g. after total hip arthroplasty or trauma). The efficacy of NSAIDs in the avoidance of heterotopic ossification has been documented in controlled clinical trials, but the inherent risks (e.g. on healing processes and on loosening of prostheses) need further studies. At the same time, NSAIDs are widely used in the treatment of fracture pain, and their inhibitory effects on the ongoing bone healing process have raised concerns. Results of fracture healing studies in animals treated with NSAIDs or in mice lacking COX-2 gene show that inhibition or deficiency of COX-2 impairs the bone healing process. The limited clinical data also support the assumption that inhibition of COX-2 by non-selective or COX-2-selective NSAIDs delays fracture healing. However, the clinical significance of the effect in various patient groups needs to be carefully assessed and further investigations are needed to characterize the patients at the highest risk for NSAID-induced delayed fracture healing and its complications. In the meantime, use of NSAIDs in fracture patients should be cautious, keeping in mind the benefits of pain relief and inhibition of ectopic bone formation on one hand, and the risks of non-union and retarded union on the other hand.
DNS performance and the effectiveness of caching (2001)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of traces of DNS and associated TCP traffic collected on the Internet links of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). The first part of the analysis details how clients at these institutions interact with the wide-area DNS system, focusing on performance and prevalence of failures. The second part evaluates the effectiveness of DNS caching.In the most recent MIT trace, 23% of lookups receive no answer; these lookups account for more than half of all traced DNS packets since they are retransmitted multiple times. About 13% of all lookups result in an answer that indicates a failure. Many of these failures appear to be caused by missing inverse (IP-to-name) mappings or NS records that point to non-existent or inappropriate hosts. 27% of the queries sent to the root name servers result in such failures.The paper presents trace-driven simulations that explore the effect of varying TTLs and varying degrees of cache sharing on DNS cache hit rates. The results show that reducing the TTLs of address (A) records to as low as a few hundred seconds has little adverse effect on hit rates, and that little benefit is obtained from sharing a forwarding DNS cache among more than 10 or 20 clients. These results suggest that the performance of DNS is not as dependent on aggressive caching as is commonly believed, and that the widespread use of dynamic, low-TTL A-record bindings should not degrade DNS performance.
Lack of Efficacy of Adenosine-5′-Monophosphate Against HSV-1 Ocular Shedding in Rabbits (1987)

Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) was evaluated for efficacy in the prevention of spontaneous and induced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular shedding in latently infected rabbits with strain McKrae. Intraperitoneal injections (IP) of AMP (100 mg/kg) or NaCl (10 mg/kg) were given on postinoculation (PI) days 16-39. Spontaneous viral shedding was monitored by ocular tear film swabs on PI days 20-39. In the induced rabbits, one group received AMP (IP) and a second group received NaCl (IP) on PI days 66-77. In a third group, AMP (100 mg/kg) was given twice a day IP on PI days 66-77, and AMP was applied by iontophoresis to these eyes on PI days 68-74. In these three groups, ocular viral shedding was induced by ocular iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine on PI day 70 followed by topical application of epinephrine for 5 days (PI days 70-74). HSV-1 ocular shedding was monitored on PI days 66-78. There were no significant differences in spontaneous or induced shedding patterns between the AMP (systemic or systemic plus ocular iontophoresis) and the NaCl groups. These results suggest that this dose of systemically administered AMP plus iontophoresis of AMP does not reduce ocular HSV-1 shedding in rabbits.
P2X 7 -mediated chemoprevention of epithelial cancers (2009)

Background: Anti-apoptotic mechanisms contribute to the development of cancer. The purinergic ligand-gated ion channel receptor P2X7 system is an important pro-apoptosis modulator in epithelial cells, and augmentation of P2X7-mediated apoptosis has been proposed as a novel pharmacological modality for chemoprevention and treatment of epithelial cancers. Objective: This review focuses on the progress towards clinical application of therapies that directly modulate P2X7-mediated apoptosis. This paper reviews and discusses P2X7-mediated apoptosis in the context of prevention and growth-control of epithelial cancer cells, and summarizes recent data in the mouse skin model in vivo. Methods: Data for this review were identified from the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Summary/conclusions: The growing understanding of mechanisms of P2X7-mediated apoptosis has generated a novel strategy for targeting directly and specifically skin neoplasia. The data link directly, for the first time, upregulation of apoptosis with cancer chemoprevention. Striking antitumor efficacy has been achieved in the rodent cancer model, and it is likely that the recently gained wealth of knowledge about the mechanisms of P2X7-control of apoptosis will eventually be translated into new clinical therapies for epithelial cancers.
Migraine induction with calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients from erenumab trials (2018)

Migraine prevention with erenumab and migraine induction by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) both carry notable individual variance. We wanted to explore a possible association between individual efficacy of anti-CGRP treatment and susceptibility to migraine induction by CGRP. Thirteen migraine patients, previously enrolled in erenumab anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody trials, received CGRP in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design to investigate their susceptibility to migraine induction. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess the efficacy of previous antibody treatment. The patients were stratified into groups of high responders and poor responders. Primary outcomes were incidence of migraine-like attacks and area under the curve of headache intensity after infusion of CGRP and placebo. All interviews and experiments were performed in laboratories at the Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ten high responders and three poor responders were included. CGRP induced migraine-like attacks in ten (77%) patients, whereof two were poor responders, compared to none after placebo (p = 0.002). The area under the curve for headache intensity was greater after CGRP, compared to placebo, at 0–90 min (p = 0.009), and 2–12 h (p = 0.014). The median peak headache intensity score was 5 (5–9) after CGRP, compared to 2 (0–4) after placebo (p = 0.004). Patients with an excellent effect of erenumab are highly susceptible to CGRP provocation. If an association is evident, CGRP provocation could prove a biomarker for predicting antibody treatment efficacy. Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier: NCT03481400 .
Factor B activation products in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A marker of severe disease activity (1989)

Complement activation patterns were determined in a group of 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the clinical outcomes of these patients at 2 years were correlated with the complement activation patterns. Activation of the classical pathway was monitored by analysis of C4a desArg levels and total C4 levels, and activation of the alternative pathway was monitored by isoelectric focusing/immunofixation and quantitative analyses of Factor B. Activation of C3 (a general measure of complement activation) was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C3d and by quantitative analysis of C3. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: those with C4 but not C3 activation; those with C4 and C3 but not Factor B activation; and those with C4, C3, and Factor B activation. At the end of 2 years, there was a statistically significant difference in the morbidity and mortality rates of the third group of SLE patients compared with those in the other 2 groups. There was also a statistically significant association between the presence of Ba and cutaneous vasculitis. Unlike the patterns seen with in vitro-activated serum or with membrane-activated plasma, the Bb activation fragment was not present in the activated plasma samples from the SLE patients. These data suggest that activation of the alternative complement pathway may be a marker for severe SLE and that the Bb fragment may be playing a role in the development of this more serious pathologic condition.