gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in Lung Cancer Risk Between Men and Women: Examination of the Evidence (1996)

These results confirm our earlier finding that the ORs for major lung cancer types are consistently higher for women than for men at every level of exposure to cigarette smoke. Furthermore, this gender difference cannot be explained by differences in base-line exposure, smoking history, or body size, but it is likely due to the higher susceptibility to tobacco carcinogens in women.
A Prospective Study of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians (1992)

Moderately high levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine are associated with subsequent risk of MI independent of other coronary risk factors. Because high levels can often be easily treated with vitamin supplements, homocyst(e)ine may be an independent, modifiable risk factor.
Cathepsin B: a potential prognostic marker for inflammatory breast cancer (2011)

CTSB may initiate proteolytic pathways crucial for IBC invasion. Thus, our data demonstrate that CTSB may be a potential prognostic marker for lymph node metastasis in IBC.
Gate-self-aligned p-channel germanium MISFETs (1991)

The authors have fabricated the first gate-self-aligned germanium MISFETs and have obtained record transconductance for germanium FETs. The devices fabricated are p-channel, inversion-mode germanium MISFETs. A germanium-oxynitride gate dielectric is used and aluminum gates, serve as the mask for self-aligned source and drain implants. A maximum room-temperature transconductance of 104 mS/mm was measured for a 0.6- mu m gate length. A hole inversion channel mobility of 640 cm/sup 2//V-s was calculated using transconductance and capacitance data from long-channel devices. This large hole channel mobility suggests that germanium may be an attractive candidate for CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CD20-specific adoptive immunotherapy for lymphoma using a chimeric antigen receptor with both CD28 and 4-1BB domains: pilot clinical trial results (2012)

Cellular immune responses have the potential to elicit dramatic and sustained clinical remissions in lymphoma patients. Recent clinical trial data demonstrate that modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a promising strategy. T cells containing CARs with costimulatory domains exhibit improved activity against tumors. We conducted a pilot clinical trial testing a "third-generation" CD20-specific CAR with CD28 and 4-1BB costimulatory domains in patients with relapsed indolent B-cell and mantle cell lymphomas. Four patients were enrolled, and 3 received T-cell infusions after cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion. Treatment was well tolerated, although one patient developed transient infusional symptoms. Two patients without evaluable disease remained progression-free for 12 and 24 months. The third patient had an objective partial remission and relapsed at 12 months after infusions. Modified T cells were detected by quantitative PCR at tumor sites and up to 1 year in peripheral blood, albeit at low levels. No evidence of host immune responses against infused cells was detected. In conclusion, adoptive immunotherapy with CD20-specific T cells was well tolerated and was associated with antitumor activity. We will pursue alternative gene transfer technologies and culture conditions in future studies to improve CAR expression and cell production efficiency.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2001)

The arthroscopic operation for repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears is successful and has the advantages of glenohumeral joint inspection, treatment of intraarticular lesions, smaller incisions, no deltoid detachment, less soft tissue dissection, less pain, and more rapid rehabilitation. However, these advantages must be balanced against the technical difficulty of the method, which limits its application to surgeons skilled in open and arthroscopic shoulder operations.
Active psoriasis and profound CD4+ lymphocytopenia (1997)

We report the case of a patient with a long-standing history of widespread chronic plaque psoriasis, who was recently found to have a profound CD4+ lymphocytopenia. He is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. His psoriasis remains active and widespread, and he has had 60 cutaneous malignancies, including many squamous cell carcinomas, excised over the last 10 years. In the past he has had numerous cutaneous viral warts. Despite a low peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell count, similar numbers of activated T cells, identified by double labelling for CD4 and HLA-DR antigens, were found in the epidermis of our patient as other individuals with psoriasis. Thus, there appear to be sufficient activated CD4+ T cells in our patient's psoriatic plaques to maintain the psoriatic process.
[Typhus in Mexico City in 1915]. (2016)

The year 1915 was particularly difficult; it was characterized by droughts, famines, and outbreaks of diseases including typhus.This text exposes its spread in Mexico City as well as the measures implemented to combat it, carried out before knowing the etiology of the illness, focused on cleaning up the environment and the measures undertaken afterwards with the aim of delousing people.
Acute conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: clinical efficacy of flecainide acetate. Comparison of two regimens (1988)

The efficacy and safety of oral (up to 400 mg in 3 h) and intravenous regimens (up to 150 mg in 10 min) of flecainide acetate were compared in the acute conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Acute conversion was defined as conversion occurring within 5 h (oral) or within 30 min (intravenous regimen). Following classification in recent onset (duration less than 24 h) atrial fibrillation (n = 27) and chronic (greater than 24 h) atrial fibrillation (n = 13), patients were randomly assigned to one of the two regimens. In the group of patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation, 10 out of 14 (oral treatment) and 10 out of 13 (intravenous treatment) responded acutely. Approximately half of responding patients converted after the first oral dose or within the infusion time. In contrast, no patient with chronic atrial fibrillation showed conversion on flecainide. No serious adverse effects were encountered with the regimens used, not even in patients concomitantly using digitalis or verapamil. Thus, patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation can safely be converted to sinus rhythm using oral or intravenous regimens of flecainide.
The Net effect (1995)

Over the last few years, the Internet-the Net for short-has outgrown the obscurity of its academic origins to become a worldwide network that is revolutionising inter-computer communications. The author presents a technological overview of the Internet and argues that, however tempting, dismissing the Internet as simply the latest media fad would be a serious mistake.
Terbium luminescence in synthetic peptide loops from calcium-binding proteins with different energy donors. (1990)

Fourteen 14-mer peptides corresponding to a consensus sequence of metal-binding loops from proteins of the calmodulin family were synthesized. The effect of varying both the position in the binding loop, and the type of aromatic side chains as energy donors for enhancement of terbium luminescence, was studied. It was concluded that tryptophan in loop position 7 gave optimal luminescence enhancement, and that the additional inclusion of a tyrosine in the loop at positions 2 or 4 could further boost emission from the bound terbium. In all further cases energy transfer from aromatic residues at positions other than 7 was markedly less efficient. These results suggest that the peptides assume a configuration which allows a hexadentate ligand structure around the bound terbium ion. This is consistent with a Dexter-type electron exchange model of energy transfer.
Antinucleosome Antibody-Modified Liposomes and Lipid-Core Micelles for Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents (2007)

Liposomes and lipid-core micelles prepared of polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugates have been modified with nucleosome-specific monoclonal antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) 2C5 (mAb 2C5) specifically recognizing a broad variety of cancer cells through the cancer cell surface-bound nucleosomes. mAb 2C5 preserves its specific properties upon the binding with the lipid-based pharmaceutical nanocarriers, and 2C5-modified immunoliposomes and immunomicelles demonstrate an enhanced binding with tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. We have investigated the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents with such tumor-targeted immunoliposomes and immunomicelles to various tumors in vivo and in vitro. Both lipid-based nanocarriers provided enhanced tumor delivery of imaging agents ((111)In) and antitumor drugs (doxorubicin and photodynamic therapy agents) to tumor cells under different experimental settings. Pharmaceutical lipid-based nanoparticular carriers modified with mAb 2C5 could represent universal systems for tumor-specific delivery of various soluble and insoluble pharmaceuticals.
T‐bet, a Th1 transcription factor regulates the expression of Tim‐3 (2010)

T-cell immunoglobulin, mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) is a membrane protein expressed at late stages of IFN-gamma secreting CD4(+) Th1 cell differentiation and constitutively on DC. Ligation of Tim-3 on Th1 cells terminates Th1 immune responses. In addition, Tim-3 plays a role in tolerance induction, although the mechanism by which this is accomplished has yet to be elucidated. While it is clear that Tim-3 plays an important role in the immune system, little is known regarding the molecular pathways that regulate Tim-3 expression. In the current study, we examine the role of Th1-associated transcription factors in regulating Tim-3 expression. Our experiments reveal that Tim-3 expression is regulated by the Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet. This introduces a novel paradigm into the generation of a Th1 response, whereby a transcription factor responsible for effector Th1 cell differentiation also increases the expression of a specific counter-regulatory molecule to ensure appropriate termination of pro-inflammatory Th1 immune responses.
Identification of 5′ and 3′ cis -Acting Elements of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Acquisition of Novel 5′ AU-Rich Sequences Restored Replication of a 5′-Proximal 7-Nucleotide Deletion Mutant (2005)

We here demonstrate the successful engineering of the RNA genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by using an infectious cDNA as a bacterial artificial chromosome. Runoff transcription from this cDNA by SP6 polymerase resulted in capped synthetic RNAs bearing authentic 5' and 3' ends of the viral genome that had specific infectivities of >5 x 10(5) PFU/microg of RNA. The synthetic viruses recovered from the transfected cells were genotypically and phenotypically indistinguishable from the parental virus. Using our system, a series of genomic RNAs with nucleotide deletions in their 5' ends produced viruses with decreased or no infectivity. Various pseudorevertants were isolated, and acquisition of novel 5' sequences of various sizes, composed predominantly of A and U bases, restored their infectivities, providing a novel insight into functional elements of the 5' end of the PRRSV genome. In addition, our system was further engineered to generate a panel of self-replicating, self-limiting, luciferase-expressing PRRSV viral replicons bearing various deletions. Analysis of these replicons revealed the presence and location of a 3' cis-acting element in the genome that was required for replication. Moreover, we produced enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing infectious viruses, which indicates that the PRRSV cDNA/viral replicon/recombinant virus can be developed as a vector for the expression of a variety of heterologous genes. Thus, our PRRSV reverse genetics system not only offers a means of directly investigating the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV replication and pathogenesis but also can be used to generate new heterologous gene expression vectors and genetically defined antiviral vaccines.
Higher ABCD 2 Score Predicts Patients Most Likely to Have True Transient Ischemic Attack (2008)

Among patients diagnosed by emergency department physicians with TIA, higher ABCD2 score was associated with a greater likelihood that the diagnosis was confirmed on expert review. The predictive power of the ABCD2 model is therefore partially explained by identification of those patients likely to have experienced a true TIA, an important aspect of the score when used by nonneurologists. However, higher ABCD2 scores still remained predictive of 90-day stroke rate in the group of patients judged to have a true TIA by an expert neurologist.
Identifying the inertial cavitation threshold in a vessel phantom using focused ultrasound and microbubbles. (2008)

Unveiling the mechanism behind the blood brain barrier using focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles is essential for brain molecular delivery. Here, B-mode imaging and rf signals were acquired to pinpoint the threshold for inertial cavitation during FUS with microbubbles. A cylindrical hole of 800 μm in diameter was generated inside a polyacrylamide gel to simulate a brain arterial vessel. Definity® (Lantheus Medical Imaging, USA) microbubbles with a 1.1–3.3 μm-diameter and (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) (DSPC) shelled microbubbles with a 1–2-μm-diameter were injected prior to sonication (frequency: 1.525 MHz; pulse length: 100 cycles; PRF: 1 kHz; pulse duration: 40 ms). The cavitation response was passively detected using a 7.5-MHz single-element transducer, confocal with the FUS transducer, and a one-dimensional linear array transducer placed perpendicular to the FUS beam. The broadband spectral response of the acquired rf signals and the B-mode images detected the occurrence and location of inertial cavitation, respectively. Findings indicated that the rarefactional pressure threshold was approximately 0.53 MPa for the definity and 0.69 MPa for the DSPC-shelled microbubbles. Further studies will vary the vessel diameter and microbubble size to determine their role in the pressure threshold. [This work was supported by NIH Grant No. R21EY018505 and NSF CAREER 0644713. The authors thank Jennifer Hui for bubble characterization.]
Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen auf dem Fettgebiet VIII Die Reaktion von Polyenfettsäuren und trocknenden Ölen mit Acetylen; eine neue Synthese der Terephthalsäure (1963)

Abstract Durch Diels‐Alder‐Addition von Acetylen an Konjuenfettsäuren entstehen Cyclohexen‐Derivate, die nach oxydativem Abbau Terephthalsäure liefern. Aus Muconsäure‐dimethylester und Acetylen ensteht direkt Terephthalsäure‐dimethylester.
Do Cysteine 230 and Lysine 238 of Biotin Carboxylase Play a Role in the Activation of Biotin? (2000)

Biotin carboxylase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin and is one component of the multienzyme complex acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the committed step in long-chain fatty acid synthesis. For the carboxylation of biotin to occur, biotin must be deprotonated at its N1' position. Kinetic investigations, including solvent isotope effects and enzyme inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide, suggested a catalytic role for a cysteine residue and led to the proposal of a mechanism for the deprotonation of biotin. The proposed pathway suggests a catalytic base removes a proton from a nearby cysteine residue, forming a thiolate anion, which then abstracts the proton from biotin. Inactivation studies of pyruvate carboxylase, which has an analogous mode of action to biotin carboxylase, suggests the catalytic base in this reaction is a lysine residue. Using the crystal structure of biotin carboxylase, cysteine 230 and lysine 238 were identified as the likely active-site residues that act as this acid-base pair. To test the hypothesis that cysteine 230 and lysine 238 act as an acid-base pair to deprotonate biotin, site-directed mutagenesis was used to mutate cysteine 230 to alanine (C230A) and lysine 238 to glutamine (K238Q). Mutations at either residue resulted in a 50-fold increase in the K(m) for ATP. The C230A mutation had no effect on the formation of carboxybiotin, indicating that cysteine 230 does not play a role in the deprotonation of biotin. However, the K238Q mutation resulted in no formation of carboxybiotin, which showed that lysine 238 has a role in the carboxylation reaction. N-Ethylmaleimide was found to inactivate the C230A mutant but not the K238Q mutant, suggesting that N-ethylmaleimide is reacting with lysine 238 and not cysteine 230. The pH dependence of N-ethylmaleimide inactivation revealed that the pK value for lysine 238 was 9.4 or higher, suggesting lysine 238 is not a catalytic base. Thus, the results suggest that cysteine 230 and lysine 238 do not act as an acid-base pair in the deprotonation of biotin.
A Yeast Estrogen Screen for Examining the Relative Exposure of Cells to Natural and Xenoestrogens (1996)

Xenoestrogens, such as o,p'-DDT and octyl phenol (OP), have been associated with reproductive abnormalities in various wildlife species. Xenoestrogens mimic the natural estrogen 17 beta-estradiol and compete for binding to the estrogen receptor. Even though the affinity of o,p'-DDT and OP for the estrogen receptor is approximately 1000-fold lower than 17 beta-estradiol, the actions of xenoestrogens could be enhanced if their bioavailability in serum were greater than 17 beta-estradiol. To test this hypothesis, the yeast estrogen screen (YES) was created by expressing human estrogen receptor (hER) and two estrogen response elements (ERE) linked to the lacZ gene. The beta-galactosidase activity of the YES system was significantly increased after treatment with 17 beta-estradiol or the xenoestrogens diethylstilbestrol (DES), o,p'-DDT, and OP but not with vehicle, antiestrogen ICI 164,384, dexamethasone, or testosterone. To determine whether serum proteins affected the bioavailability of natural estrogens compared to xenoestrogens, albumin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), or charcoal-stripped serum were added to the YES system and beta-galactosidase activity assayed. Albumin and SHBG decreased beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of estradiol to a greater extent than DES, o,p'-DDT, and OP. Human and alligator charcoal-stripped serum were also effective at selectively reducing beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of estradiol compared to xenoestrogens. Human serum was more effective than alligator serum in reducing beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of xenoestrogens, indicating that serum may serve as a biomarker for sensitivity to xenoestrogens. Selective binding of 17 beta-estradiol by proteins in serum indicates that certain xenoestrogens may exert greater estrogenicity than originally predicted. The estrogenic potency of a compound involves its binding affinity, bioavailability in serum, and persistence in the environment. Our data demonstrate the utility of the YES system for identifying and characterizing environmental estrogens.
A Method for Maintaining Odor-responsive Adult Rat Olfactory Receptor Neurons in Short-term Culture (1999)

We report a culture system requiring the addition of freshly made ascorbic acid to the medium, that supports the short-term survival of adult rat olfactory receptor neurons. The cultured neurons exhibit typical voltage-gated currents and are responsive to application of odorants.
The Effectiveness of Ovarian Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis Model (1993)

Given the limited effect on overall life expectancy, it is unlikely that mass screening for ovarian cancer with CA 125 and transvaginal sonography would be an effective health policy.
Covalently Linked DNA Nanotubes (2010)

The present study introduces an approach to prepare covalently linked DNA nanotubes. A circular DNA that includes at its opposite poles thiol and amine functionalities acts as the building block for the construction of the DNA nanotubes. The circular DNA is cross-linked with a bis-amide-modified nucleic acid to yield DNA nanowires, and these are subsequently cross-linked by a bis-thiolated nucleic acid to yield the DNA nanotubes. Alternatively, a circular DNA that includes four amine functionalities on its poles is cross-linked in one-step by the bis-thiolated nucleic acid to yield the nanotubes. The resulting nanostructures are stable and nonseparable upon heating.
Analysis of the sugar specificity and molecular location of the β-glucan-binding lectin site of complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18) (1996)

Zymosan, the cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was reported to be a macrophage activator through its beta-glucan over 30 yr ago. Nevertheless, the identity of the beta-glucan receptor has been controversial. This study showed that the alpha M beta 2-integrin, CR3 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) served as the beta-glucan receptor through one or more lectin sites located outside of the CD11b I-domain that contains the binding sites for iC3b, ICAM-1, and fibrinogen. Sugar specificity, analyzed with FITC-labeled soluble polysaccharides and flow cytometry, showed CR3-specific staining with several pure beta-glucans but not with alpha-mannan. However, a 10-kDa soluble zymosan polysaccharide (SZP) with high affinity (6.7 x 10(-8) M) for CR3 consisted largely of mannose and approximately 5% glucose. Binding of either SZP-FITC or beta-glucan-FITC to CR3 was blocked not only by pure beta-glucans from yeast, mushroom, seaweed, or barley, but also by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NADG), alpha- or beta-methylmannoside, and alpha- or beta-methyl-glucoside. SZP-FITC and beta-glucan-FITC stained all leukocyte types similarly to anti-CR3-FITC, and polysaccharide-FITC staining was inhibited > or = 95% by unlabeled anti-CR3. SZP-FITC staining of cells expressing recombinant chimeras between CR3 and CR4 (p150,95, CD11c/CD18) suggested that both the divalent cation-binding region of CD11b and the region C-terminal to it may regulate binding of polysaccharides to CR3. Unlabeled SZP or beta-glucan also blocked CR3 staining by 11 mAb to C-terminal domain epitopes of CD11b but had no effect on staining by mAb directed to the I-domain. In conclusion, CR3 serves as the leukocyte beta-glucan receptor through a cation-independent lectin site located C-terminal to the I-domain of CD11b. Its sugar specificity is broader than originally appreciated, allowing it to react with certain polysaccharides containing mannose or NADG, as well as glucose.