gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Vaccine Based on the Rhesus Cytomegalovirus UL128 Complex Induces Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques (2012)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) are important for interfering with horizontal transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) leading to primary and congenital HCMV infection. Recent findings have shown that a pentameric virion complex formed by the glycoproteins gH/gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131A (UL128C) is required for HCMV entry into epithelial/endothelial cells (Epi/EC) and is the target of potent NAb in HCMV-seropositive individuals. Using bacterial artificial chromosome technology, we have generated a modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) that stably coexpresses all 5 rhesus CMV (RhCMV) proteins homologous to HCMV UL128C, termed MVA-RhUL128C. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of RhgH with the other 4 RhCMV subunits of the pentameric complex. All 8 RhCMV-naïve rhesus macaques (RM) vaccinated with MVA-RhUL128C developed NAb that blocked infection of monkey kidney epithelial cells (MKE) and rhesus fibroblasts. NAb titers induced by MVA-RhUL128C measured on both cell types at 2 to 6 weeks postvaccination were comparable to levels observed in naturally infected RM. In contrast, MVA expressing a subset of RhUL128C proteins or RhgB glycoprotein only minimally stimulated NAb that inhibited infection of MKE. In addition, following subcutaneous RhCMV challenge at 8 weeks postvaccination, animals vaccinated with MVA-RhUL128C showed reduced plasma viral loads. These results indicate that MVA expressing the RhUL128C induces NAb inhibiting RhCMV entry into both Epi/EC and fibroblasts and limits RhCMV replication in RM. This novel approach is the first step in developing a prophylactic HCMV vaccine designed to interfere with virus entry into major cell types permissive for viral replication, a required property of an effective vaccine.
Two-site immunoradiometric intact parathyroid hormone assay versus C-terminal parathyroid hormone in predicting osteodystrophic bone lesions in predialysis chronic renal failure. (1993)

Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) radioimmunoassay represents an important advancement in the measurement of serum PTH levels, permitting the evaluation of the actual rate of secretion of the parathyroid glands. The aim of the study was to compare the value of intact and C-terminal PTH measurements in predicting the osteodystrophic bone lesion in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). We have studied 37 subjects with CRF who were receiving conservative treatment. In each subject a transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometric examination was performed in addition to the assay of serum intact and C-terminal PTH, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Serum C-terminal and intact PTH levels were closely correlated, both showing a high degree of correlation with serum osteocalcin. Similar degrees of correlation were observed between the two PTH assays and the histologic parameters osteoblastic surface (ObS/BS) and osteoclastic surface (OcS/BS). The evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of the two PTH assays in selecting patients with normal or pathologic histomorphometric parameters gave an equivalent number of false positive and negative cases. Based on discriminant analysis of histomorphometric parameters, intact PTH shows a higher discriminant power when compared with C-terminal PTH assay for the parameters OcS/BS and eroded surface (ES/BS), but without practical clinical value. In conclusion, in analogy to the short lived N-terminal PTH fragment assay, prediction of elementary hyperparathyroid bone lesions in predialysis CRF is not improved by the use of intact PTH as compared to the more traditional C-terminal assay.
Mediastinal abscess with Capnocytophaga spp. in a competent host (1986)

A 51-year-old woman presented with a rapidly evolving pneumonitis complicated by the development of an anterior mediastinal abscess. Upon surgical drainage, Capnocytophaga spp. was the sole organism identified. This organism has been implicated in sepsis among immunocompromised hosts but has not previously been reported in this clinical setting.
Abiraterone and Increased Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2011)

The inhibition of androgen biosynthesis by abiraterone acetate prolonged overall survival among patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who previously received chemotherapy. (Funded by Cougar Biotechnology; COU-AA-301 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00638690.).
A new air-isolation process for monolithic integrated circuits (1970)

A new air-isolation process is described which overcomes many of the problems of existing isolation technologies. The process consists of standard integrated circuit processing except for the p-n junction isolation process which is omitted. After metal mask, the device wafer is glass bonded face down to a supporting silicon wafer. Subsequent backlapping, masking, and mesa etching steps yield an air-isolated integrated circuit. As one application of this technology, the fabrication of a radiation-hardened operational amplifier is described.
Selecting Class Weights to Minimize Classification Bias in Acreage Estimation (1976)

Classification of multispectral data by the use of a maximum likelihood classifier is dependent upon knowing in advance a set of prior probabilities. Therefore, the selection of an optimal set of prior probabilities is critical to the estimation of proportions for each class. In the proposed procedure, a function is minimized to yield a set of optimal prior probabilities for a specific data set. Classification results using optimal, actual, and default (equal prior probabilities for each class) values are compared.
Applanation-free femtosecond laser processing of the cornea (2011)

A novel approach for applanation-free femtosecond refractive surgery with the help of a contact liquid layer is presented. A laboratory device for performing corneal procedures is described based on a femtosecond-laser system which has been tested and evaluated by processing ex vivo pig eyes. With its help, flap cuttings for different flap thicknesses were performed. The accomplished corneal surfaces are comparable to already published results. The reproducibility of the flap thicknesses is very good, with a standard deviation of 10 µm. The processing and removal of an intrastromal lenticule as thin as 30 µm could be shown. The extraction of such lenticule through a corneal side channel could also be accomplished successfully and is a promising improvement of the overall surgery procedure.
MicroRNA-21 Targets a Network of Key Tumor-Suppressive Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells (2008)

MicroRNA dysregulation is observed in different types of cancer. MiR-21 up-regulation has been reported for the majority of cancers profiled to date; however, knowledge is limited on the mechanism of action of miR-21, including identification of functionally important targets that contribute to its proproliferative and antiapoptotic actions. In this study, we show for the first time that miR-21 targets multiple important components of the p53, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and mitochondrial apoptosis tumor-suppressive pathways. Down-regulation of miR-21 in glioblastoma cells leads to derepression of these pathways, causing repression of growth, increased apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. These phenotypes are dependent on two of the miR-21 targets validated in this study, HNRPK and TAp63. These findings establish miR-21 as an important oncogene that targets a network of p53, TGF-beta, and mitochondrial apoptosis tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma cells.
Prayer and health outcomes in church members. (2000)

This study supports the relationship of a high frequency of prayer with a more positive mental health. Various explanations of the results are explored.
Manipulation of the expression of regulatory genes of polyamine metabolism results in specific alterations of the cell-cycle progression (2001)

We have previously reported that cyclical phases of accumulation and depletion of polyamines occur during cell-cycle progression. Regulatory ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the first step of polyamine biosynthesis. Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (OAZ), induced by high polyamine levels, inhibits ODC activity and prevents extracellular polyamine uptake. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) regulates the polyamine degradation/excretion pathway. Here we show that 24h transient transfection of immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells (PNT1A and PNT2) with antisense ODC RNA or OAZ cDNA, or both, while effectively causing marked decreases of ODC activity and polyamine (especially putrescine) concentrations, resulted in accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Transfection with SSAT cDNA led to more pronounced decreases in spermidine and spermine levels and resulted in accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases. Transfection with all three constructs together produced maximal depletion of all polyamines, accompanied by accumulation of PNT1A cells in the S phase and PNT2 cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Accumulation of PNT1A cells in the S phase progressively increased at 15, 18 and 24h of transfection with antisense ODC and/or OAZ cDNA. At 24h, the DNA content was always reduced, as a possible outcome of altered chromosome condensation. A direct link between polyamine metabolism, cell proliferation and chromatin structure is thus proposed.
Riboactivators: Transcription activation by noncoding RNA (2009)

The paradigm of gene regulation was forever changed by the discovery that short RNA duplexes could directly regulate gene expression. Most regulatory roles attributed to noncoding RNA were often repressive. Recent observations are beginning to reveal that duplex RNA molecules can stimulate gene transcription. These RNA activators employ a wide array of mechanisms to up-regulate transcription of target genes, including functioning as DNA-tethered activation domains, as coactivators and modulators of general transcriptional machinery, and as regulators of other noncoding transcripts. The discoveries over the past few years defy "Moore's law" in the breath-taking rapidity with which new roles for noncoding RNA in gene expression are being revealed. As gene regulatory networks are reconstructed to accommodate the influence of noncoding RNAs, their importance in maintenance of cellular health will become increasingly apparent. In fact, a new generation of therapeutic agents will focus on modulating the function of noncoding RNA.
White Reflective Displays from Polymer‐Stabilized Cholesteric Textures (1998)

Abstract We report the optical and electro‐optical properties of a white reflective display from a chiral polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (C‐PSCT). The new PSCT system is prepared by photopolymerizing a small quantity of a chiral monomer in a cholesteric host. The chiral polymer network phase separates into micron‐size regions, which provide the additional chirality and influence the pitch and orientation of helical axes of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Therefore, a distribution of cholesteric helical axes Bragg reflects a white image.
CCCLXXXVIII.—The nature of the alternating effect in carbon chains. Part XXII. An attempt further to define the probable mechanism of orientation in aromatic substitution (1927)

C. K. Ingold and F. R. Shaw, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 2918 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270002918
Neuronal Control of LocomotionFrom Mollusc to Man (1999)

What does the swimming leech have to do with the running human? The ability to move actively in space is essential to members of the animal kingdom, and the evolution of the nervous system relates to a large extent to the evolution of locomotion. The extreme importance of locomotion has stimulated many studies of the neural mechanisms underlying locomotion across a range of species. This book provides a comparative study of these mechanisms, describing how the brains in very diverse and evolutionarily removed species control the animal's locomotion. In doing so, the authors reveal unifying principles of brain function.
Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein A4 (beta-amyloid) immunoreactivity in genetically transformed cells: implications for a cellular model of Alzheimer amyloidosis. (1989)

Among the major obstacles to clarifying molecular mechanisms involved in amyloid metabolism in Alzheimer disease has been the unavailability of laboratory models for this uniquely human disorder. The present studies were aimed at establishing genetically engineered cell lines that overexpress amyloid immunoreactivity and that may be relevant to amyloid accumulation in the Alzheimer disease brain. We used cloned amyloid cDNA that contains a region encoding A4 (beta-polypeptide) amino acids along with recently developed tumor virus vectors derived from simian virus 40 to prepare transformed cells. After transient and permanent transfection, a variety of cell types overexpressed A4 immunoreactivity that was detected by highly specific monoclonal antibodies. We observed that the use of an amyloid subdomain containing the A4 region, but lacking the sequence of a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor found in amyloid precursor protein variants, was sufficient to obtain cells that overproduced an A4 epitope. The transformed cells were readily propagated in culture and may provide an experimental medium to elucidate aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The cellular models may also serve as tools for deriving potentially useful therapeutic agents.
Transcatheter Implantation of a Bovine Valve in Pulmonary Position (2000)

Nonsurgical implantation of pulmonary valves is possible in the lamb. This new technique is similar to standard stent implantation. Thus, it should be feasible in humans, in whom it will lead to a significant reduction of reoperations in patients in need of pulmonary valve replacement.
Etching of Ion Irradiated LiNbO[sub 3] in Aqueous Hydrofluoric Solutions (2008)

Homogeneously damaged surface layers of a thickness of were generated in x-cut single crystals using multiple-energy -irradiation to study the etching behavior in aqueous HF solutions. Rutherford backscattering/channeling analysis was applied to investigate the damage formation. Different acid temperatures and concentrations were used, showing that the etching rate can be increased by increasing the temperature from maintaining the high contrast of the technique. The dissociation of HF in aqueous solution is discussed, and reaction kinetics well established for the HF etching of are then applied to obtain information on the etching mechanism. Therefore, the concentration dependence of the etching rate is analyzed and it is found that the etching process can be described as an attack of either HF or , which is catalytically supported by the presence of ions.
Adaptive display algorithm for interactive frame rates during visualization of complex virtual environments (1993)

We describe an adaptive display algorithm for interactive frame rates during visualization of very complex virtual environments. The algorithm relies upon a hierarchical model representation in which objects are described at multiple levels of detail and can be drawn with various rendering algorithms. The idea behind the algorithm is to adjust image quality adaptively to maintain a uniform, user-specified target frame rate. We perform a constrained optimization to choose a level of detail and rendering algorithm for each potentially visible object in order to generate the "best" image possible within the target frame time. Tests show that the algorithm generates more uniform frame rates than other previously described detail elision algorithms with little noticeable difference in image quality during visualization of complex models.
Introduction (2004)

This chapter provides an extended summary of the arguments presented throughout the body of the book.
Protein Purification (2007)

Protein Purification provides a guide to the major techniques, including non-affinity absorption techniques, affinity procedures, non-absorption techniques and methods for monitoring protein purity. There is an overview of protein strategy and equipment, followed by discussions and examples of each technique and its applications. The basic theory and simple explanations given in Protein Purification make it an ideal handbook for final year undergraduates, and postgraduates, who are conducting research projects. It will also be a useful guide to&nbsp;more experienced researchers who need a&nbsp;good overview of the techniques and products used in protein purification.
Digital Mammography with a Photon Counting Detector in a Scanned Multislit Geometry (2007)

Mammography screening aims to reduce the number of breast cancer deaths by early detection of the disease, which is one of the leading causes of deaths for middle aged women in the western world. The risk from the x-ray radiation in mammography is relatively low but still a factor in the benefit-risk ratio of screening. The characterization and optimization of a digital mammography system is presented in this thesis. The investigated system is shown to be highly dose efficient by employing a photon counting detector in a scanning multislit geometry. A novel automatic exposure control (AEC) is proposed and validated in clinical practise. The AEC uses the leading detector edge to measure the transmission of the breast. The exposure is modulated by altering the scan velocity during the scan. A W-Al anode-filter combination is proposed. The characterization of the photon counting detector is performed using the detective quantum efficiency. The effect of the photon counting detector and the multislit geometry on the measurement method is studied in detail. It is shown that the detector has a zero-frequency DQE of over 70\\% and that it is quantum limited even at very low exposures. Efficient rejection of image-degrading secondary radiation is fundamental for a dose efficient system. The efficiency of the scatter rejection techniques currently used are quantified and compared to the multislit geometry. A system performance metric with its foundation in statistical decision theory is discussed. It is argued that a photon counting multislit system can operate at approximately half the dose compared to several other digital mammography techniques.
Determination of plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex in plasma samples by means of a radioimmunoassay (1983)

Immunization of a goat with partially reduced and S-carboxymethylated plasmin B-chain-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex resulted in a large population of antibodies with rather high specificity towards the complex. These antibodies do not react with plasminogen or plasmin in complex with other inhibitors than alpha 2-antiplasmin. However, they react fully with native alpha 2-antiplasmin, but a 200-fold higher concentration, as compared to plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex, is needed to obtain a similar displacement curve in a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. The results indicate a conformational change in the vicinity of the reactive site in alpha 2-antiplasmin, as a result of complex formation with plasmin. A method for determination of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex in plasma has been elaborated using the described radioimmunoassay. About 1.5 mg plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex/l can be detected, which equals the condition when about 1% of the alpha 2-antiplasmin in plasma is in complex with plasmin. In normal individuals plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex could be detected only rarely. However, patient with acute processes, as evidenced by high fibrinogen levels, surgical patients postoperatively or patients with malignancy have often detectable levels.
Heterogeneity of Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Fifteen Permanent Cell Lines Derived from Human Gliomas (1981)

Six new permanent cell lines were established from human gliomas and compared to nine other cell lines from human gliomas. All fifteen lines had individually distinct HLA phenotypes and all but two, which were from a black patient, had type B glucose-6-phosphate-de;hydrogenase isoenzymes. Morphologically, the lines could be classified into four patterns descriptively designated as fibroblastic, fascicular, epithelial, or glial. Four of the lines grew progressively and could be serially transplanted when injected into athymic mice; two others grew initially and then regressed. From none to 100% of cells developed elongated tapering processes and showed reduction in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the presence of 1 mM cyclic AMP and theophylline. Levels of 2'-3' cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity ranged from nondetectable to 12.78 +/- 1.49 micromoles 2' AMP formed per hr mgm total protein. None of the lines had detectable S-100 protein, but two had readily demonstrable glial fibrillary acidic protein in indirect immunofluorescence. Fibronectin levels in spent culture supernatants ranged from undetectable levels to 21.4 micrograms/ml/10(5) cells. All but one line shared surface antigens with normal human adult or fetal brain, as detected in absorption analyses with nonhuman primate antiserum raised against glioblastoma multiforme tissue or cell line U-251 MG. Although there were many common properties of the lines, each line had a unique profile of the parameters evaluated. This heterogeneity most likely reflects the individuality of the tumors of origin and individual genotypes and capacity for a range of phenotypic expression of cells.
Immune responses in mice to tumour challenge after immunization with newcastle disease virus‐infected or X‐irradiated tumour cells or cell fractions (1973)

Abstract Cells of the transplantable ascites tumour sarcoma 37 (S37) have been infected in vitro with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Infected cells, a virus‐containing fraction of such cells, and X‐irradiated S37 cells have been found to immunize mice against subsequent tumour challenge. Anti‐lymphocyte serum and anti‐theta serum interfered with this immune response. The level of humoral anti‐tumour antibody did not correlate with immunity. Preimmunization with homologous virus (NDV) prior to inoculation with a virus‐containing tumour cell fraction did not in this system enhance the immune response against tumour challenge. The implications of these findings are discussed. Caution is advocated in applying the results of experiments with such animal tumour virus models to the human clinical situation.
Reduction of operating voltage in organic light-emitting diode by corrugated photonic crystal structure (2004)

A reduction of the operating voltage is achieved for an organic light-emitting diode containing a corrugated photonic crystal structure fabricated by the etching of an indium-tin-oxide anode layer. This is due to a partial reduction in the thickness of the organic layer. The light extraction efficiency can be also improved due to the diffraction of confined light by the photonic crystal effect. The voltage reduction is demonstrated in combination with an improvement in the luminance efficiency at constant current for the fabricated device.