gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoinduction of Human Demineralized Bone (1998)

The increasing clinical use of human demineralized bone matrix has brought about the desire to understand better the osteoinductivity of these graft materials. The rat heterotopic model has been used successfully to show the sequence of events involved in the endochondral ossification process resulting in osteoinduction. In this study, the osteoinductive potential of human demineralized bone powder was assessed, using immune compromised rats (athymic rnu/rnu) to avoid problems associated with cross species incompatibilities. Implants were placed in subcutaneous or intermuscular sites. This model is characterized to provide a basis for routinely determining the performance of human demineralized bone powder. Demineralized bone powder was prepared from rat and human cortical bone according to a strict protocol. The lack of response to guanidine HCl extracted (noninductive) demineralized bone showed the selectivity of the assay. The same lots of human and rat demineralized bone were tested in sequential experiments during a 1-year period. These results showed reproducible induction of the demineralized bone powder between experiments. Combining demineralized bone with the guanidine HCl extracted demineralized bone in varying ratios tested the sensitivity of the assay. These results showed an increase in bone formation with increasing quantities of active demineralized bone and established the ability of the bioassay to differentiate between the various levels of active (osteoinductive) demineralized bone powder. With this model, consistent performance of demineralized bone powder processed by well controlled methods was seen.
Uterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids: the effects of tranexamic acid (1998)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tranexamic acid on uterine vascular resistance in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and in women with menorrhagia associated with fibroids. A longitudinal, prospective study was carried out in premenopausal women referred to a gynecological outpatient department with a complaint of menorrhagia. We studied 24 women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (mean age 38.8 years; normal ultrasound examination, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy) and 12 women (mean age 42.8 years) with at least one fibroid greater than 2.0 cm on ultrasound examination. None were on any form of oral contraception or other medication which could influence uterine vascular resistance. All women had normal coagulation and thyroid function tests. Transvaginal scanning was performed using an Aloka SSD 650 machine with a 5-MHz probe and pulsed Doppler. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were measured from the left and right uterine arteries before and during the second month of treatment with tranexamic acid (1 g orally three times a day). Menstrual blood loss was assessed using a validated pictorial blood chart. In women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, the mean PI and RI fell significantly with treatment (PI 2.20-1.94, p = 0.0001; RI 0.81-0.77, p = 0.003). There was a reduction of approximately 30% in menstrual blood loss with treatment (210.0-137.6 ml, p = 0.0001). In women with uterine fibroids, there was no significant change in either the PI or the RI with treatment and there was no significant reduction in menstrual blood loss. We conclude that tranexamic acid significantly reduces uterine artery vascular resistance in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. This effect is unlikely to be a mechanism for the action of tranexamic acid in reducing menstrual blood loss but may have important implications for women taking this treatment in the long term.
The D-allose operon of Escherichia coli K-12 (1997)

Escherichia coli K-12 can utilize D-allose, an all-cis hexose, as a sole carbon source. The operon responsible for D-allose metabolism was localized at 92.8 min of the E. coli linkage map. It consists of six genes, alsRBACEK, which are inducible by D-allose and are under the control of the repressor gene alsR. This operon is also subject to catabolite repression. Three genes, alsB, alsA, and alsC, appear to be necessary for transport of D-allose. D-Allose-binding protein, encoded by alsB, is a periplasmic protein that has an affinity for D-allose, with a Kd of 0.33 microM. As was found for other binding-protein-mediated ABC transporters, the allose transport system includes an ATP-binding component (AlsA) and a transmembrane protein (AlsC). It was found that AlsE (a putative D-allulose-6-phosphate 3-epimerase), but not AlsK (a putative D-allose kinase), is necessary for allose metabolism. During this study, we observed that the D-allose transporter is partially responsible for the low-affinity transport of D-ribose and that strain W3110, an E. coli prototroph, has a defect in the transport of D-allose mediated by the allose permease.
METHODS USED TO CALCULATE DOSES RESULTING FROM INHALATION OF CAPSTONE DEPLETED URANIUM AEROSOLS (2009)

The methods used to calculate radiological and toxicological doses to hypothetical persons inside either a U.S. Army Abrams tank or Bradley Fighting Vehicle that has been perforated by depleted uranium munitions are described. Data from time- and particle-size-resolved measurements of depleted uranium aerosol as well as particle-size-resolved measurements of aerosol solubility in lung fluids for aerosol produced in the breathing zones of the hypothetical occupants were used. The aerosol was approximated as a mixture of nine monodisperse (single particle size) components corresponding to particle size increments measured by the eight stages plus the backup filter of the cascade impactors used. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Bayesian analysis technique was employed, which straightforwardly calculates the uncertainties in doses. Extensive quality control checking of the various computer codes used is described.
A combinatorial cell-laden gel microarray for inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

Development of three dimensional (3D) microenvironments that direct stem cell differentiation into functional cell types remains a major challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a new platform to address this challenge by utilizing a robotic microarray spotter for testing stem cell fates inside various miniaturized cell-laden gels in a systematic manner. To demonstrate the feasibility of our platform, we evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within combinatorial 3D niches. We were able to identify specific combinations, that enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers. Notably, these 'hit' combinations directed hMSCs to form mineralized tissue when conditions were translated to 3D macroscale hydrogels, indicating that the miniaturization of the experimental system did not alter stem cell fate. Overall, our findings confirmed that the 3D cell-laden gel microarray can be used for screening of different conditions in a rapid, cost-effective, and multiplexed manner for a broad range of tissue engineering applications.
RF-CMOS oscillators with switched tuning (2002)

Fully integrated CMOS oscillators are of great interest for use in single-chip wireless transceivers. In most oscillator circuits reported to date that operate in the 0.9 to 2 GHz frequency range, an integrated spiral inductor sets the frequency. It is generally believed that an LC oscillator, even when it uses a low-Q inductor, displays a lower phase noise than a ring oscillator. However, due to the absence of a good varactor compatible with CMOS technology, the integrated LC oscillator suffers from a very limited tuning range. Although this tuning range may encompass the limited frequency agility required in an RF oscillator, for instance to span the modulation bandwidth in a transmitter, it will seldom cover the much larger lot-to-lot process variations manifest as spreads of up to 20% in capacitance. Fortunately, the self-inductance of a metal spiral does not suffer spreads, because it depends on a precise number of turns and on the geometry of metal traces which is little affected by fluctuations in lithography. This work addresses the practical problem of how to design RF CMOS oscillators with a wide enough tuning range to reliably cover process variations, without compromising current drain or phase noise. Prototypes were developed in the 0.6 /spl mu/m MOSIS CMOS process to oscillate at up to 1.8 GHz with a sub-3V supply. The tuning method exploits digital capabilities and MOS analog switches.
Attenuated vaccinia virus-circumsporozoite protein recombinants confer protection against rodent malaria (1996)

NYVAC-based vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were evaluated in the Plasmodium berghei rodent malaria model system. Immunization of mice with a NYVAC-based CSP recombinant elicited a high level of protection (60 to 100%). Protection did not correlate with CS repeat-specific antibody responses and was abrogated by in vivo CD8+ T-cell depletion. Protection was not enhanced by modification of the subcellular localization of CSP. These results suggest the potential of poxvirus-based vectors for the development of vaccine candidates for human malaria.
Geometrical dependence of the low-frequency noise in superconducting flux qubits (2009)

A general method for directly measuring the low-frequency flux noise (below 10 Hz) in compound Josephson-junction superconducting flux qubits has been used to study a series of 85 devices of varying design. The variation in flux noise across sets of qubits with identical designs was observed to be small. However, the levels of flux noise systematically varied between qubit designs with strong dependence upon qubit wiring length and wiring width. Furthermore, qubits fabricated above a superconducting ground plane yielded lower noise than qubits without such a layer. These results support the hypothesis that local impurities in the vicinity of the qubit wiring are a key source of low-frequency flux noise in superconducting devices.
Alternative forms of the BCR-ABL oncogene have quantitatively different potencies for stimulation of immature lymphoid cells. (1989)

The Philadelphia chromosome (t9:22;q34:q11) is found in more than 90% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, in 10 to 20% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in 1 to 2% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Alternative chimeric oncogenes are formed by splicing different sets of BCR gene exons on chromosome 22 across the translocation breakpoint to a common set of ABL oncogene sequences on chromosome 9. This results in an 8.7-kilobase mRNA that encodes the P210 BCR-ABL gene product commonly found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia or a 7.0-kilobase mRNA that produces the P185 BCR-ABL gene product found in most Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. To compare the efficiency of growth stimulation by these two proteins, we derived cDNA clones for each with identical 5' and 3' untranslated regions and expressed them from retrovirus vectors. Matched stocks were compared for potency to transform immature B-lymphoid lineage precursors. The growth-stimulating effects of P185 for this cell type were found to be significantly greater than those of P210. Structural changes in BCR may regulate the effectiveness of the ABL tyrosine kinase function, as monitored by lymphocyte growth response. Changes in mitogenic potency may help to explain the more acute leukemic presentation usually associated with expression of the P185 BCR-ABL oncogene.
Differentiation of human T lymphocytes. I. Acquisition of a novel human cell surface protein (p80) during normal intrathymic T cell maturation. (1983)

Abstract The thymus is thought to be the primary central lymphoid organ in which T cells mature. Although thymic cortical and medullary compartments are distinct histologically, few antigens have been described that are absolutely acquired during the presumed intrathymic maturation pathway from cortical to medullary thymocytes. In this paper, we describe the acquisition during human intrathymic T cell maturation of a novel protein (p80) defined by a monoclonal antibody (A1G3). Although the p80-A1G3 antigen is distributed throughout the body and is not T cell specific, our study demonstrates that expression of p80-A1G3 antigen in normal human thymus is associated with thymocyte functional maturity and location in the thymus medulla. Moreover, in contrast to other markers of mature human T cells, the p80-A1G3 cell surface protein is not expressed on T6+ cortical thymocytes, and, therefore, is absolutely acquired by medullary thymocytes during T cell maturation. Thus, the p80-A1G3 antigen and the A1G3 antibody provide a heretofore unavailable system for the study of molecular events that transpire during the maturation of thymocytes.
Development of a rapid microparticle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for plasma fatty acid-binding protein, an early marker of acute myocardial infarction. (1998)

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP; M r 14 500) is an early plasma marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1)(2)(3). FABP shows increased plasma concentrations within 3 h after AMI and returns to a normal reference interval within 12–24 h, thereby resembling myoglobin (4)(5). However, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of FABP for AMI detection are better than those of myoglobin (6)(7). FABP is also found in skeletal muscle, but the determination of the plasma ratio of myoglobin over FABP allows the discrimination between myocardial and skeletal muscle injury (4)(5).

The application of FABP as an early plasma marker in routine clinical practice requires the availability of a rapid assay system. Several immunochemical assays for FABP have been described, taking an assay time of 2–16 h (2)(3)(8)(9). Recently, a one-step ELISA for plasma FABP with a total performance time of 45 min (10) and an amperometric enzyme immunosensor assay taking 27 min per plasma sample were described (11). However, these assays are of limited use for routine clinical practice. We describe here a microparticle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for FABP that offers the advantages of being precise, easy to perform, rapid, and fully automated.

Latex reagent was prepared by physical adsorption onto carboxylated latex particles of three monoclonal anti-human FABP antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes (12), which were then stored in 10 mmol/L Tris-HCL, pH 8.0, containing 5 g/L bovine serum albumin, 0.01 g/L Tween 20, 1 g/L NaN3, and 50 g/L sucrose. The assay was performed by using a COBAS® MIRA Plus analyzer (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.). Briefly, 75 μL of latex reagent was mixed with 155 μL of reaction buffer (22 mmol/L phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 350 mmol/L NaCl, 2 …
Evaluation of a Pulsed-Xenon Ultraviolet Room Disinfection Device for Impact on Hospital Operations and Microbial Reduction (2011)

This study evaluated the use of pulsed-xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) room disinfection by sampling frequently touched surfaces in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolation rooms. The PX-UV system showed a statistically significant reduction in microbial load and eliminated VRE on sampled surfaces when using a 12-minute multiposition treatment cycle.
A multifunctional, neuroprotective drug, ladostigil (TV3326), regulates holo‐APP translation and processing (2006)

The recent therapeutic approach in which drug candidates are designed to possess diverse pharmacological properties and act on multiple targets has stimulated the development of the bifunctional drug ladostigil (TV3326) [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate]. Ladostigil combines the neuroprotective effects of the antiparkinson drug rasagiline, a selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, with the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity of rivastigmine in a single molecule, as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy Body disease. Here, we assessed the dual effects of lodostigil in terms of the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection and amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulation/processing by using an apoptotic model of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Ladostigil dose-dependently decreased cell death via inhibition of the cleavage and prevention of caspase-3 activation (IC50=1.05 microM) through a mechanism related to regulation of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which resulted in reduced levels of Bad and Bax and induced levels of Bcl-2 gene and protein expression. We have also followed APP regulation/processing and found that ladostigil markedly decreased apoptotic-induced levels of holo-APP protein without altering APP mRNA levels, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism. In addition, the drug-elevated phosphorylated protein kinase C (pPKC) levels and stimulated the release of the nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase proteolytic pathway. Similar to ladostigil, its S-isomer, TV3279, which is a ChE inhibitor but lacks MAO inhibitory activity, exerted neuroprotective properties and regulated APP processing, indicating that these effects are independent of MAO inhibition.
Acute cardiovascular diseases and respiratory sleep disorders. (1999)

Respiratory sleep disorders are a risk factor, sometimes independent, for acute cardiovascular diseases which are the most frequent cause of death among populations of industrialized countries. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are generally involved, while the pathogenetic role of acute exacerbation of COPD seems less evident. The most important acute cardiovascular events related to sleep respiratory disorders are angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (in some instances as paroxysmal attacks), systemic hypertension with hypertensive crisis, ischemic stroke. A respiratory sleep disorder should be suspected in all obese, cigarette smokers, alcoholics, hypertensives, who present symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, where snoring may be a marker, and in patients with COPD. The diagnosis is readily established by performing polysomnography and, when needed, by 24-hour Holter monitoring and blood pressure ambulatory recording. Therapy aims at correcting risk factors with particular attention to weight reduction in obese patients. Furthermore, upper airway anatomic abnormalities should be eliminated. In obstructive sleep apnea, nasal continuous positive airway pressure during sleep is to be used, when necessary, while tracheostomy must be performed only in more severe cases.
Orthogonal PbS Nanowire Arrays and Networks and Their Raman Scattering Behavior (2005)

Three-dimensional, orthogonal lead sulfide (PbS) nanowire arrays and networks have been prepared by using a simple, atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method. These uniform nanowires (average diameter 30 nm) grow epitaxially from the surface of the initial PbS crystal seeds and form orthogonal arrays and networks in space. The growth mechanism has been explored, and the process was classified as homogeneous, epitaxial growth in the 200 directions. Furthermore, Raman spectra of PbS nanowires are reported here, and their characteristic Raman peak (190 cm(-1), no shoulder) could be used as a unique probe for the study of PbS nanomaterials.
Spectrum-blind minimum-rate sampling and reconstruction of 2-D multiband signals (2002)

We consider 2-D multiband signals, with a given bound on their spectral occupancy (the occupied fraction of the area of a bounding box of the spectral support). We propose a universal sampling pattern that guarantees well-conditioned reconstruction of all such signals. Such a universal sampling pattern can asymptotically achieve the Nyquist-Landau (1967) minimal sampling rate, determined by the spectral occupancy. Compared to 'Nyquist' patterns that avoid aliasing, for sparse spectral supports our design offers considerable reduction in sampling rate. Furthermore, we propose algorithms allowing reconstruction to be done blindly-without prior knowledge of the spectral support, other than its bounding box. The results apply to both continuous and discrete-time signals, and directly generalize to M-D. This work extends our analogous results for the 1D case.
Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs (2006)

Transurethral placement of metallic stents was a safe and effective palliative treatment option for dogs with malignant urethral obstructions.
The importance of giving an alternative: the case of fetal surgery (2007)

The aim of this paper is to give a contribution to the debate on fetal surgery offering a socio-economic 'reading key' of expected development and future role of prenatal surgical treatment. An overview of the past and present scenario of both performed clinical procedures and applied technologies is presented and the socio-economic factors that, according to our perspective, could strongly influence the dimension and the speed of the innovation process in fetal surgery, both in the clinical and the technological areas, are described. Two specific technological research trajectories in the field of fetal surgery are presented as a contribution to the definition of future development of the technology for prenatal surgical treatment, and a roadmap of the future of fetal surgery is sketched.
Identification of a Candidate Human Spectrin Src Homology 3 Domain-binding Protein Suggests a General Mechanism of Association of Tyrosine Kinases with the Spectrin-based Membrane Skeleton (1998)

Spectrin is a widely expressed protein with specific isoforms found in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Spectrin contains an Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of unknown function. A cDNA encoding a candidate spectrin SH3 domain-binding protein was identified by interaction screening of a human brain expression library using the human erythroid spectrin (alphaI) SH3 domain as a bait. Five isoforms of the alphaI SH3 domain-binding protein mRNA were identified in human brain. Mapping of SH3 binding regions revealed the presence of two alphaI SH3 domain binding regions and one Abl-SH3 domain binding region. The gene encoding the candidate spectrin SH3 domain-binding protein has been located to human chromosome 10p11.2 --> p12. The gene belongs to a recently identified family of tyrosine kinase-binding proteins, and one of its isoforms is identical to e3B1, an eps8-binding protein (Biesova, Z., Piccoli, C., and Wong, W. T. (1997)Oncogene 14, 233-241). Overexpression of the green fluorescent protein fusion of the SH3 domain-binding protein in NIH3T3 cells resulted in cytoplasmic punctate fluorescence characteristic of the reticulovesicular system. This fluorescence pattern was similar to that obtained with the anti-human erythroid spectrin alphaI SigmaI/betaI SigmaI antibody in untransfected NIH3T3 cells; in addition, the anti-alphaI SigmaI/betaI SigmaI antibody also stained Golgi apparatus. Immunofluorescence obtained using antibodies against alphaI SigmaI/++betaI SigmaI spectrin and Abl tyrosine kinase but not against alphaII/betaII spectrin colocalized with the overexpressed green fluorescent protein-SH3-binding protein. Based on the conservation of the spectrin SH3 binding site within members of this protein family and published interactions, a general mechanism of interactions of tyrosine kinases with the spectrin-based membrane skeleton is proposed.
Survival without brain damage after clinical death of 60–120 mins in dogs using suspended animation by profound hypothermia* (2003)

In a systematic series of studies in dogs, the rapid induction of profound cerebral hypothermia (tympanic temperature 10 degrees C) by aortic flush of cold saline immediately after the start of exsanguination cardiac arrest-which rarely can be resuscitated effectively with current methods-can achieve survival without functional or histologic brain damage, after cardiac arrest no-flow of 60 or 90 mins and possibly 120 mins. The use of additional preservation strategies should be pursued in the 120-min arrest model.