gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining telecommunications data bases: an approach to support the business management (2002)

Nowadays, large volumes of commercials reach the desks of executives magnifying the potentials of this new discipline. This is probably the first time in which we recognize our need for a data mining tool, our questions being: "what have all these tools and services in common, which of them are market leaders and which of them offer the best functionalities?" Text data bases, for instance, like commercials, news, and summaries can be classified by programs that without a real understanding of the text can separate them into homogeneous groups. This is achieved through a combination of conceptual clustering and frequency analysis on words. This application is by no means exclusively related to telecommunications, everybody can rely on data providers for almost any kind of phenomena, from retail sites to goods movements among harbours. External data are a considerable mass and this is common to other industries as well, but probably none with the same amount as Telecommunications. Internal data are generated by all the transactions happening over the network. At this stage the only problem left seems to be the exploitation of all the available data.
Renal-Cell Carcinoma (1996)

Renal-cell carcinoma is characterized by a lack of early-warning signs (which results in a high proportion of patients with metastases), diverse clinical manifestations, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and there is a potential role for immunomodulation in the inhibition of tumor growth. In this review we discuss recent developments in epidemiology, histologic classification, tumor biology, methods of diagnosis and staging, surgical techniques, and immunotherapy for patients with metastatic disease.EpidemiologyRenal-cell carcinoma accounts for 2 percent of all cancers.1 Its incidence varies among countries by a factor of 20 among men and by a factor of 10 among women, . . .
Adaptive update lifting with a decision rule based on derivative filters (2002)

This letter treats a class of adaptive update-lifting schemes that do not require bookkeeping for perfect reconstruction. The choice of the update-lifting filter is triggered by a binary threshold criterion based on a generalized gradient that is chosen in such a way that it only smooths homogeneous regions. This criterion can be chosen so that it ignores portions of a signal that are polynomial up to a given order. The update-lifting filter modifies the signal in these polynomial regions but leaves other portions unaffected.
Antithrombin properties of C‐terminus of hirudin using synthetic unsulfated Nα‐acetyl‐hirudin45–65 (1987)

Unsulfated N alpha-acetyl-hirudin45-65 (MDL 27 589), which corresponds to the C-terminus of hirudin1-65, was synthesized by solid-phase methods. The synthetic peptide was able to inhibit fibrin formation and the release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen by thrombin. The catalytic site of thrombin was not perturbed by the synthetic peptide as H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA hydrolysis (amidase activity) was not affected. The binding of synthetic peptide and thrombin was assessed by isolation of the complex on gel-filtration chromatography. A single binding site with a binding affinity (Ka) of approx. 1.0 X 10(5) M-1 was observed for thrombin-hirudin45-65 interaction. The data suggest that the C-terminal residues 45-65 of hirudin contain a binding domain which recognizes thrombin and yet does not bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme.
Protection from doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in mice with a null allele of carbonyl reductase 1. (2003)

Doxorubicin is a highly effective antineoplastic agent, but it can produce the serious side effects of acute cardiac injury and chronic congestive heart failure. Carbonyl reductase (CBR) has been implicated in the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. To test whether a decrease in CBR levels was protective against doxorubicin toxicity, we created a null allele of the Cbr1 gene. Mice with one functional copy of the gene (Cbr1 +/-) were healthy and grossly normal despite having decreased levels of Cbr1 transcript and protein. Control and Cbr1 +/- mice were administered doxorubicin at 20 mg/kg i.p. Cbr1 +/- mice showed decreased circulating levels of the cardiotoxic metabolite, doxorubicinol, after administration. Within 2 weeks, 91% of wild-type mice were severely affected (n = 11) compared with 18% of Cbr1 +/- mice (n = 11). Echocardiography and histological analysis showed that Cbr1 +/- mice were protected from gross and cellular level pathologies associated with doxorubicin treatment. Demonstration that inhibition of carbonyl reductase blocks the toxic effects on the heart has important implications for improving the use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy.
Nucleic Acid-programmed Assemblies: Translating Instruction into Function in Chemical Biology (2013)

The predictability of nucleic acid hybridization offers an attractive platform to program the assembly of tagged ligands or reactants. Hybridization can be used to display multiple ligands in order to gain affinity and/or selectivity through the cooperative interaction of each ligand. Additionally, hybridization of tagged reagents increases their effective concentration and accelerates reactions. In both cases, an oligonucleotide directs an assembly to yield a functional output in the form of enhanced binding, inhibition, or reaction; for example, a reaction can be used to unmask a fluorophore or a bioactive molecule. This review provides an account of our research in this area as well as future directions.
Clinical and immunologic responses to a novel in situ lymphoma vaccine maneuver: Preliminary results of a phase II trial of intra-tumoral CpG 7909 (2008)

3003 Background: Lymphoma vaccines have shown preliminary clinical success, but their development has been slowed by the difficulties of individualized ex vivo production. An ‘off-the-shelf‘ vaccine which is instead individualized at administration, in situ would greatly facilitate vaccine development. We describe clinical and immunologic responses of an ongoing phase II trial of an intra-tumoral ‘CpG-based‘ vaccine maneuver for recurrent low-grade lymphoma. Historically, T cell immune response assays have been difficult to reproduce and clinically validate. Therefore, our lab has developed and validated a series of immunologic assays to test for both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in these patients. Methods: The vaccine maneuver consists of combined low dose XRT and intra-tumoral injection of an immune stimulant referred to as ‘CpG’. Patients receive 2x2Gy irradiation to a single site of lymphoma and 10 weekly intra- tumoral injections of CpG-7909. Peripheral blood samples from these patients were used to design a method for simultaneous multi-color flow cytometric detection of three independent markers of tumor-specific CD8 T-cell immunity: intracellular IFN-γ, CD137, and CD107. Results: As of January 2008, all of the planned 15 patients have been enrolled, 14 of whom are clinically evaluable. At the treated site, there have been 5 CRs, 5 PRs, 3 SD, and 0 PD. At all other sites, there have been 1 CR, 2 PR, 1 MR, 5 SD, and 4 PD. We have been able to use a panel of B cell lymphoma lines as allo-stimulators to demonstrate that, in our assays, there is excellent correlation of CD8 T cell responsiveness on a single-cell level and cell population levels. Conclusions: This is the first report of an intra-tumoral CpG based vaccine for lymphoma and its feasibility, safety, and evidence of a significant proportion of objective clinical responses is incredibly exciting for the promise of such an approach. Correlation of immunologic findings and clinical responses in this cohort is guiding the development of subsequent iterations of this trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Role for Survivin in Radioresistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2002)

Using gene-transduced pancreatic cancer cells, we examined whether survivin expression is directly involved in regulation of radiosensitivity. Ordinarily radiosensitive MIAPaCa-2 cells transduced with wild-type survivin gene (MS cells) proliferated more rapidly than cells transduced with control vector. MS cells were significantly less radiosensitive than control vector-transduced cells. Radiation-induced activity of caspase-3, but not caspase-7, was significantly inhibited in MS cells. On the other hand, transduction of a dominant-negative mutant survivin gene into radioresistant PANC-1 cells augmented radiosensitivity. Further, the radiation-induced increase in caspase-3 activity was enhanced, indicating that survivin function was truly inhibited. These results indicate that survivin expression directly down-regulates radiosensitivity.
Cell differentiation by mechanical stress (2001)

Growth factors, hormones, and other regulatory molecules are traditionally required in tissue engineering studies to direct the differentiation of progenitor cells along specific lineages. We demonstrate that mechanical stimulation in vitro, without ligament-selective exogenous growth and differentiation factors, induces the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells from the bone marrow into a ligament cell lineage in preference to alternative paths (i.e., bone or cartilage cell lineages). A bioreactor was designed to permit the controlled application of ligament-like multidimensional mechanical strains (translational and rotational strain) to the undifferentiated cells embedded in a collagen gel. The application of mechanical stress over a period of 21 days up-regulated ligament fibroblast markers, including collagen types I and III and tenascin-C, fostered statistically significant cell alignment and density and resulted in the formation of oriented collagen fibers, all features characteristic of ligament cells. At the same time, no up-regulation of bone or cartilage-specific cell markers was observed.
THE SYNTHESIS OF THE STARCH GRANULE (1997)

This review describes and discusses the implications of recent discoveries about how starch polymers are synthesized and organized to form a starch granule. Three issues are highlighted. 1. The role and importance of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in the generation of ADPglucose as the substrate for polymer synthesis. 2. The contributions of isoforms of starch-branching enzyme, starch synthase, and debranching enzyme to the synthesis and ordered packing of amylopectin molecules. 3. The requirements for and regulation of the synthesis of amylose.
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Regulate Virus-specific Primary and Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses (2003)

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells appear important to prevent activation of autoreactive T cells. This article demonstrates that the magnitude of a CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response to an acute viral infection is also subject to control by CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Treg). Accordingly, if natural Treg were depleted with specific anti-CD25 antibody before infection with HSV, the resultant CD8+ T cell response to the immunodominant peptide SSIEFARL was significantly enhanced. This was shown by several in vitro measures of CD8+ T cell reactivity and by assays that directly determine CD8+ T cell function, such as proliferation and cytotoxicity in vivo. The enhanced responsiveness in CD25-depleted animals was between three- and fourfold with the effect evident both in the acute and memory phases of the immune response. Surprisingly, HSV infection resulted in enhanced Treg function with such cells able to suppress CD8+ T cell responses to both viral and unrelated antigens. Our results are discussed both in term of how viral infection might temporarily diminish immunity to other infectious agents and their application to vaccines. Thus, controlling suppressor effects at the time of vaccination could result in more effective immunity.
Emergence of a fast-reacting ribozyme that is capable of undergoing continuous evolution (2007)

It is possible to evolve RNA enzymes in a continuous manner by employing a simple serial-transfer procedure. This method was previously applied only to descendants of one unusually fast-reacting RNA enzyme with RNA ligase activity. The present study establishes a second continuously evolving RNA enzyme, also with RNA ligase activity, but with a completely independent evolutionary origin. Critical to achieving the fast catalytic rate necessary for continuous evolution, development of this enzyme entailed the addition and evolutionary maturation of a 35-nucleotide accessory domain and the application of highly stringent selection pressure, with reaction times as short as 15 ms. Once established, continuous evolution was carried out for 80 successive transfers, maintaining the population against an overall dilution of 10(207)-fold. The resulting RNA enzymes exhibited approximately 10(5)-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, compared with the starting molecules, and became dependent on a structural feature of the substrate that previously conferred no selective advantage. This adaptation was eliminated by deleting the substrate feature and then carrying out 20 additional transfers of continuous evolution, which resulted in molecules with even greater catalytic activity. Now that two distinct species of continuously evolving enzymes have been established, it is possible to conduct molecular ecology experiments in which the two are made to compete for limited resources within a common environment.
Predicting the Uncertain Future of Aptamer-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics (2015)

Despite the great promise of nucleic acid aptamers in the areas of diagnostics and therapeutics for their facile in vitro development, lack of immunogenicity and other desirable properties, few truly successful aptamer-based products exist in the clinical or other markets. Core reasons for these commercial deficiencies probably stem from industrial commitment to antibodies including a huge financial investment in humanized monoclonal antibodies and a general ignorance about aptamers and their performance among the research and development community. Given the early failures of some strong commercial efforts to gain government approval and bring aptamer-based products to market, it may seem that aptamers are doomed to take a backseat to antibodies forever. However, the key advantages of aptamers over antibodies coupled with niche market needs that only aptamers can fill and more recent published data still point to a bright commercial future for aptamers in areas such as infectious disease and cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. As more researchers and entrepreneurs become familiar with aptamers, it seems inevitable that aptamers will at least be considered for expanded roles in diagnostics and therapeutics. This review also examines new aptamer modifications and attempts to predict new aptamer applications that could revolutionize biomedical technology in the future and lead to marketed products.
Multi-Task Label Embedding for Text Classification (2017)

Multi-task learning in text classification leverages implicit correlations among related tasks to extract common features and yield performance gains. However, most previous works treat labels of each task as independent and meaningless one-hot vectors, which cause a loss of potential information and makes it difficult for these models to jointly learn three or more tasks. In this paper, we propose Multi-Task Label Embedding to convert labels in text classification into semantic vectors, thereby turning the original tasks into vector matching tasks. We implement unsupervised, supervised and semi-supervised models of Multi-Task Label Embedding, all utilizing semantic correlations among tasks and making it particularly convenient to scale and transfer as more tasks are involved. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets for text classification show that our models can effectively improve performances of related tasks with semantic representations of labels and additional information from each other.
El valor de las disciplinas en la formación docente (2023)

El valor de las disciplinas en la formación docente
Nursing assessment of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalised adults: A review of risk factors and screening tools (2010)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects approximately 2-4% of the general population and may be more prevalent in obese adults. However, sleep apnea remains consistently under-diagnosed in the general population as well as in hospital wards. Nurse awareness of OSA during routine monitoring could allow specific observations of hospitalised adults to identify those at high risk and ensure appropriate referral. This integrative literature review analysed major risk factors for OSA and identified screening tools that nurses could utilise in hospital wards. The most important risk factors relevant to nursing practice in hospital settings were obesity, hypertension and sleep position. The most suitable screening tool was the Berlin Questionnaire, while there was some evidence to support measuring waist circumference. A nursing assessment flow chart was developed based on the literature reviewed. This paper highlights a role for nurses in recognising patients at risk of OSA and minimising complications in hospitalised adults.
A gene expression signature to predicit overall, prostate cancer, and non–prostate cancer survival. (2013)

51 Background: For prostate cancer patients, prostate cancer specific and non-prostate cancer specific survival have the same importance. This study aimed at identifying expression biomarkers that can predict prostate cancer specific, non-prostate cancer specific and overall survival at diagnosis. Methods: Selected ESCGPs (embryonic stem cell gene predictors) and control genes were analyzed by multiplex quantitative PCR using prostate fine-needle aspiration samples taken at diagnosis from a Swedish cohort of 189 prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2000. Of all patients, 97.9% had overall and cancer-specific survival data and 77.9% were primarily treated only by hormone therapy. The cohort was divided into one discovery and two validation subsets. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for the survival analysis. A published dataset was used for external validation. Results: An expression signature of F3, VGLL3 and IGFBP3, was sufficient to categorize the patients into high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk subtypes. The median overall survival of the subtypes was 3.23, 4.00 and 9.85 years respectively. The difference corresponded to HRs of 5.86 (95% CI 2.91-11.78, P&lt;0.001) for the high-risk and 3.45 (95% CI 1.79-6.66, P&lt;0.001) for the intermediate-risk compared to the low-risk subtype. This signature is significant in correlation to overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses including common clinical parameters. Conclusions: These results suggest that these novel expression biomarkers and the expression signature could be used to improve the accuracy of the currently available clinical tools for predicting overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival and selecting patients with potential survival benefit from hormone treatment.
Towards Deep Symbolic Reinforcement Learning (2016)

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) brings the power of deep neural networks to bear on the generic task of trial-and-error learning, and its effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated on tasks such as Atari video games and the game of Go. However, contemporary DRL systems inherit a number of shortcomings from the current generation of deep learning techniques. For example, they require very large datasets to work effectively, entailing that they are slow to learn even when such datasets are available. Moreover, they lack the ability to reason on an abstract level, which makes it difficult to implement high-level cognitive functions such as transfer learning, analogical reasoning, and hypothesis-based reasoning. Finally, their operation is largely opaque to humans, rendering them unsuitable for domains in which verifiability is important. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end reinforcement learning architecture comprising a neural back end and a symbolic front end with the potential to overcome each of these shortcomings. As proof-of-concept, we present a preliminary implementation of the architecture and apply it to several variants of a simple video game. We show that the resulting system -- though just a prototype -- learns effectively, and, by acquiring a set of symbolic rules that are easily comprehensible to humans, dramatically outperforms a conventional, fully neural DRL system on a stochastic variant of the game.
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: a multicenter propensity score analysis (2013)

Therapy with rhTM may be associated with reduced in-hospital mortality in adult mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-induced DIC.
Mechanism of block of a human cardiac potassium channel by terfenadine racemate and enantiomers (1995)

1. The cardiac toxicity of racemic terfenadine (marked QT prolongation and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias) is probably due to potassium channel blockade. To test whether one of its enantiomers would be a less efficient potassium channel blocker, we compared the mechanism of action of the racemate with that of the individual enantiomers. 2. We synthesized the individual enantiomers of terfenadine and examined under whole cell voltage-clamp conditions the mechanism of action of the racemate, both enantiomers and a major metabolite on a cloned human cardiac potassium channel, hKv1.5. This delayed rectifier is sensitive to quinidine, clofilium and other 'class III' antiarrhythmic drugs at clinically relevant concentrations. 3. Upon depolarization, racemic terfenadine and its enantiomers induced a fast decline of hKv1.5 current towards a reduced steady state current level. During subsequent repolarization the tail currents deactivated more slowly than the control, resulting in a 'crossover' phenomenon. 4. The voltage-dependence of block was biphasic with a steep increase in block over the voltage range of channel opening (-30 to 0 mV), and a more shallow phase positive to 0 mV (where the channel is fully open). The latter was consistent with a binding reaction sensing 21% of the transmembrane electrical field (with reference to the cell interior). 5. The EC50 for hKv1.5 block by racemic terfenadine was 0.88 microM, while the values for R- and S-terfenadine were 1.19 microM and 1.16 microM, respectively. In contrast, the acid metabolite reduced hKv1.5 current by only 5% at a concentration of 50 microM. 6. These findings suggest that terfenadine blocks the hKvl.5 channel after it opens by entering into the internal mouth of the channel. We have previously shown that quinidine blocks hKvl.5 in a similar manner but with an apparent affinity of ~6 micro M. Thus, terfenadine and its enantiomers are approximately equipotent open state blockers of this human K+ channel and about 6 times more potent than quinidine. The similar state-, time-, and voltage-dependence of hKvl.5 block by both enantiomers also indicates that the chiral centre does not significantly constrain the orientation of critical binding determinants of terfenadine with respect to the receptor site.