gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ((4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)maleimide for Site-Specific Radiobromination of Anti-HER2 Affibody (2005)

Affibody molecules are a new class of small phage-display selected proteins using a scaffold domain of the bacterial receptor protein A. They can be selected for specific binding to a large variety of protein targets. An affibody molecule binding with high affinity to a tumor antigen HER2 was recently developed for radionuclide diagnostics and therapy in vivo. The use of the positron-emitting nuclide (76)Br (T(1/2) = 16.2 h) could improve the sensitivity of detection of HER2-expressing tumors. A site-specific radiobromination of a cysteine-containing variant of the anti-HER2 affibody, (Z(HER2:4))(2)-Cys, using ((4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)maleimide (HPEM), was evaluated in this study. It was found that HPEM can be radiobrominated with an efficiency of 83 +/- 0.4% and thereafter coupled to freshly reduced affibody with a yield of 65.3 +/- 3.9%. A "one-pot" labeling enabled the radiochemical purity of the conjugate to exceed 97%. The label was stable against challenge with large excess of nonlabeled bromide and in a high molar strength solution. In vitro cell tests demonstrated that radiobrominated affibody binds specifically to the HER2-expressing cell-line, SK-OV-3. Biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing SK-OV-3 xenografts have shown tumor accumulation of 4.8 +/- 2.2% IA/g and good tumor-to-normal tissue ratios.
A modified Goubau-type antenna with two octaves of impedance bandwidth (2004)

This paper presents a design for a broadband, multielement, top-loaded monopole. The antenna is similar to the well-known Goubau antenna, but has an undivided loading disk, folded parallel strip vertical elements with dielectric loading, and an additional radiating element centered under the top-disk. These modifications allow more versatility in tuning and extend the high frequency end of the response. A bandwidth of two octaves (380-1530 MHz) for 2:1 VSWR has been obtained for an antenna with a height of 6.6 cm, a diameter of 18.3 cm, and no external tuning elements.
Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States (2003)

Mortality associated with both influenza and RSV circulation disproportionately affects elderly persons. Influenza deaths have increased substantially in the last 2 decades, in part because of aging of the population, underscoring the need for better prevention measures, including more effective vaccines and vaccination programs for elderly persons.
Photochemical Surface Patterning by the Thiol‐Ene Reaction (2008)

The photochemical coupling of olefin-capped (bio)molecules to surface-bound thiols can be used to control protein immobilization on length scales of centimeters to sub-micrometers (see the fluorescence microscopy image of a nanopattern after treatment with labeled streptavidin). Two enzymes immobilized on the resulting patterns retained their enzymatic activity and underwent protein–protein interactions similar to those in the solution phase. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800101_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Large-area travelling-wave dielectrophoresis particle separator (1997)

Multilayering microelectrode techniques have been developed to construct large-area travelling-wave dielectrophoresis (TWD) separators. Novel electrode designs have enabled arrays with up to 25 000 electrodes to be constructed. The separation capacity of a 1000 electrode (20 mm) array has been demonstrated by separating components of whole blood. The development of sophisticated bio-particle separators capable of separating cells, viruses and proteins is discussed.
Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients (2016)

Diabetes is a global endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developing and developed countries. The American Diabetes Association has recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a possible substitute to fasting blood glucose for diagnosis of diabetes. HbA1c is an important indicator of long-term glycemic control with the ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the preceding two to three months. HbA1c not only provides a reliable measure of chronic hyperglycemia but also correlates well with the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Elevated HbA1c has also been regarded as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in subjects with or without diabetes. The valuable information provided by a single HbA1c test has rendered it as a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. This review highlights the role of HbA1c in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes patients.
Transient activation of β-catenin signaling in cutaneous keratinocytes is sufficient to trigger the active growth phase of the hair cycle in mice (2003)

Wnts have key roles in many developmental processes, including hair follicle growth and differentiation. Stabilization of beta-catenin is essential in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We developed transgenic mice expressing a regulated form of beta-catenin in the skin. Chronic activation of beta-catenin in resting (telogen) hair follicles resulted in changes consistent with induction of an exaggerated, aberrant growth phase (anagen). Transient activation of beta-catenin produced a normal anagen. Our data lend strong support to the notion that a Wnt/beta-catenin signal operating on hair follicle precursor cells serves as a crucial proximal signal for the telogen-anagen transition.
Transcription of mouse kappa chain genes: implications for allelic exclusion. (1980)

The nuclear RNA from a large variety of kappa-producing plasmacytomas was size fractionated and analyzed with a series of cloned probes representing sequences encoding variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) regions and selected intervening sequences. All of the plasmacytomas produce a nuclear RNA component that contains V kappa and C kappa sequences as well as the intervening sequence between J kappa and C kappa, and that has a distinctive size depending on which of the four J kappa segments is expressed (i.e., is present in the secreted kappa chain). These RNAs are the precursors of kappa mRNAs, which are transcribed from productively rearranged C kappa genes. Half of the plasmacytomas examined produce, in addition to a kappa mRNA precursor, a discrete component of about 8.4 kilobases that contains C kappa and upstream flanking sequences but lacks the expressed V region sequence. The ability to produce this component is always associated with the persistence in the tumor genome of an unrearranged (germline) J kappa-C kappa region. In tumors rearranged at both kappa loci the nonproductive allele is either transcriptionally silent or, in a minority of cases, transcribed and processed into a "fragment" mRNA lacking V region sequences. These results reveal that allelic exclusion can be effected at several levels of gene expression. They also provide some insight into the relative contributions of the V and C gene elements to this expression.
Notes - Steroidal Sapogenins. XLI. Willagenin, a New 12-Keto Sapogenin (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Steroidal Sapogenins. XLI. Willagenin, a New 12-Keto SapogeninHarold Kenney and Monroe WallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 4, 468–469Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online14 April 2003Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01355a623https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01355a623research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Placement and Routing for Performance‐Oriented FPGA Layout (1998)

This paper presents a performance‐oriented placement and routing tool for field‐programmable gate arrays. Using recursive geometric partitioning for simultaneous placement and global routing, and a graph‐based strategy for detailed routing, our tool optimizes source‐sink pathlengths, channel width and total wirelength. Our results compare favorably with other FPGA layout tools, as measured by the maximum channel width required to place and route several benchmarks.
c-Jun interacts with the corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) to suppress Smad2 transcriptional activity (2001)

The Sma and Mad related (Smad) family proteins are critical mediators of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signaling. After TGF-beta-mediated phosphorylation and association with Smad4, Smad2 moves to the nucleus and activates expression of specific genes through cooperative interactions with DNA-binding proteins, including members of the winged-helix family of transcription factors, forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST)-1 and FAST2. TGF-beta has also been described to activate other signaling pathways, such as the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. Here, we show that activation of JNK cascade blocked the ability of Smad2 to mediate TGF-beta-dependent activation of the FAST proteins. This inhibitory activity is mediated through the transcriptional factor c-Jun, which enhances the association of Smad2 with the nuclear transcriptional corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF), thereby interfering with the assembly of Smad2 and the coactivator p300 in response to TGF-beta signaling. Interestingly, c-Jun directly binds to the nuclear transcriptional corepressor TGIF and is required for TGIF-mediated repression of Smad2 transcriptional activity. These studies thus reveal a mechanism for suppression of Smad2 signaling pathway by JNK cascade through transcriptional repression.
siRNAs can function as miRNAs (2003)

With the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and related phenomena, new regulatory roles attributed to RNA continue to emerge. Here we show, in mammalian tissue culture, that a short interfering RNA (siRNA) can repress expression of a target mRNA with partially complementary binding sites in its 3' UTR, much like the demonstrated function of endogenously encoded microRNAs (miRNAs). The mechanism for this repression is cooperative, distinct from the catalytic mechanism of mRNA cleavage by siRNAs. The use of siRNAs to study translational repression holds promise for dissecting the sequence and structural determinants and general mechanism of gene repression by miRNAs.
An Optimized, Synthetic DNA Vaccine Encoding the Toxin A and Toxin B Receptor Binding Domains of Clostridium difficile Induces Protective Antibody ResponsesIn Vivo (2014)

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) constitutes a large majority of nosocomial diarrhea cases in industrialized nations and is mediated by the effects of two secreted toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Patients who develop strong antitoxin antibody responses can clear C. difficile infection and remain disease free. Key toxin-neutralizing epitopes have been found within the carboxy-terminal receptor binding domains (RBDs) of TcdA and TcdB, which has generated interest in developing the RBD as a viable vaccine target. While numerous platforms have been studied, very little data describes the potential of DNA vaccination against CDAD. Therefore, we created highly optimized plasmids encoding the RBDs from TcdA and TcdB in which any putative N-linked glycosylation sites were altered. Mice and nonhuman primates were immunized intramuscularly, followed by in vivo electroporation, and in these animal models, vaccination induced significant levels of both anti-RBD antibodies (blood and stool) and RBD-specific antibody-secreting cells. Further characterization revealed that sera from immunized mice and nonhuman primates could detect RBD protein from transfected cells, as well as neutralize purified toxins in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Mice that were immunized with plasmids or given nonhuman-primate sera were protected from a lethal challenge with purified TcdA and/or TcdB. Moreover, immunized mice were significantly protected when challenged with C. difficile spores from homologous (VPI 10463) and heterologous, epidemic (UK1) strains. These data demonstrate the robust immunogenicity and efficacy of a TcdA/B RBD-based DNA vaccine in preclinical models of acute toxin-associated and intragastric, spore-induced colonic disease.
Cytosolic adenylyl cyclase defines a unique signaling molecule in mammals (1999)

Mammals have nine differentially regulated isoforms of G protein-responsive transmembrane-spanning adenylyl cyclases. We now describe the existence of a distinct class of mammalian adenylyl cyclase that is soluble and insensitive to G protein or Forskolin regulation. Northern analysis indicates the gene encoding soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is preferentially expressed in testis. As purified from rat testis cytosol, the active form of sAC appears to be a fragment derived from the full-length protein, suggesting a proteolytic mechanism for sAC activation. The two presumptive catalytic domains of sAC are closely related to cyanobacterial adenylyl cyclases, providing an evolutionary link between bacterial and mammalian signaling molecules.
Effective anisotropies and energy barriers of magnetic nanoparticles with Néel surface anisotropy (2007)

Magnetic nanoparticles with N\'eel surface anisotropy, different internal structures, surface arrangements, and elongation are modeled as many-spin systems. The results suggest that the energy of many-spin nanoparticles cut from cubic lattices can be represented by an effective one-spin potential containing uniaxial and cubic anisotropies. It is shown that the values and signs of the corresponding constants depend strongly on the particle's surface arrangement, internal structure, and shape. Particles cut from a simple cubic lattice have the opposite sign of the effective cubic term, as compared to particles cut from the face-centered cubic lattice. Furthermore, other remarkable phenomena are observed in nanoparticles with relatively strong surface effects. (i) In elongated particles surface effects can change the sign of the uniaxial anisotropy. (ii) In symmetric particles (spherical and truncated octahedral) with cubic core anisotropy surface effects can change the sing of the latter. We also show that the competition between the core and surface anisotropies leads to a new energy that contributes to both the second- and fourth-order effective anisotropies. We evaluate energy barriers $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ as functions of the strength of the surface anisotropy and the particle size. The results are analyzed with the help of the effective one-spin potential, which allows us to assess the consistency of the widely used formula $\ensuremath{\Delta}E∕V={\mathcal{K}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}+6{\mathcal{K}}_{s}∕D$, where ${\mathcal{K}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ is the core anisotropy constant, ${\mathcal{K}}_{s}$ is a phenomenological constant related to surface anisotropy, and $D$ is the particle's diameter. We show that the energy barriers are consistent with this formula only for elongated particles for which the surface contribution to the effective uniaxial anisotropy scales with the surface and is linear in the constant of the N\'eel surface anisotropy.
Lens-Sparing Vitrectomy for Progressive Tractional Retinal DetachmentsAssociated With Stage 4A Retinopathy of Prematurity (2004)

Lens-sparing vitrectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of fovea-threatening retinal detachments in patients with stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity.
Electric field effect on the density of states of open single-walled carbon Nanotubes (2004)

The electric field effect on the density of states (DOS) and the local density of states (LDOS) of open single-walled carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) are studied by the lattice Green's function method with the tight-binding approximation. We have found that the particle-hole symmetry of the density states is broken by application of field, for both armchair and zigzag SWNT.
Hormonal Predictors of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (2000)

Men with either serum testosterone or IGF-1 levels in upper quartile of the population distribution have an approximately two-fold higher risk for developing prostate cancer.
Self-organizing and self-healing mechanisms in cooperative small-cell networks (2013)

Small-cell networks are expected as one of key solutions for high system capacity. However, self-organizing and self-healing mechanisms are necessarily required to deploy and manage an increasing number of small-cell networks. In this paper, we consider a future small-cell network as an intelligent distributed antenna system such as an adaptive array antenna. We propose a self-organizing mechanism and a self-healing mechanism for small-cell networks through cooperative clusters. We evaluate the system performance in terms of resource utilization in both normal and failure cases of a small-cell network. The results show that proposed mechanisms outperform the conventional mechanisms.
Toward a comprehensive hybrid physical-virtual reality simulator of peripheral anesthesia with ultrasound and neurostimulator guidance. (2011)

We are developing a simulator of peripheral nerve block utilizing a mixed-reality approach: the combination of a physical model, an MRI-derived virtual model, mechatronics and spatial tracking. Our design uses tangible (physical) interfaces to simulate surface anatomy, haptic feedback during needle insertion, mechatronic display of muscle twitch corresponding to the specific nerve stimulated, and visual and haptic feedback for the injection syringe. The twitch response is calculated incorporating the sensed output of a real neurostimulator. The virtual model is isomorphic with the physical model and is derived from segmented MRI data. This model provides the subsurface anatomy and, combined with electromagnetic tracking of a sham ultrasound probe and a standard nerve block needle, supports simulated ultrasound display and measurement of needle location and proximity to nerves and vessels. The needle tracking and virtual model also support objective performance metrics of needle targeting technique.
Modeling surface appearance from a single photograph using self-augmented convolutional neural networks (2017)

We present a convolutional neural network (CNN) based solution for modeling physically plausible spatially varying surface reflectance functions (SVBRDF) from a single photograph of a planar material sample under unknown natural illumination. Gathering a sufficiently large set of labeled training pairs consisting of photographs of SVBRDF samples and corresponding reflectance parameters, is a difficult and arduous process. To reduce the amount of required labeled training data, we propose to leverage the appearance information embedded in unlabeled images of spatially varying materials to self-augment the training process. Starting from an initial approximative network obtained from a small set of labeled training pairs, we estimate provisional model parameters for each unlabeled training exemplar. Given this provisional reflectance estimate, we then synthesize a novel temporary labeled training pair by rendering the exact corresponding image under a new lighting condition. After refining the network using these additional training samples, we re-estimate the provisional model parameters for the unlabeled data and repeat the self-augmentation process until convergence. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed network structure on spatially varying wood, metals, and plastics, as well as thoroughly validate the effectiveness of the self-augmentation training process.
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology (2005)

We have analyzed 5,088 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the distal intestinal (cecal) microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice, lean ob/+ and wild-type siblings, and their ob/+ mothers, all fed the same polysaccharide-rich diet. Although the majority of mouse gut species are unique, the mouse and human microbiota(s) are similar at the division (superkingdom) level, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominating. Microbial-community composition is inherited from mothers. However, compared with lean mice and regardless of kinship, ob/ob animals have a 50% reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a proportional increase in Firmicutes. These changes, which are division-wide, indicate that, in this model, obesity affects the diversity of the gut microbiota and suggest that intentional manipulation of community structure may be useful for regulating energy balance in obese individuals. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database [accession nos. DQ 014552--DQ 015671 (mothers) and AY 989911--AY 993908 (offspring)].
How an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Like Domain Binds Calcium-High Resolution NMR Structure of the Calcium Form of the NH2-Terminal EGF-Like Domain in Coagulation Factor X (1993)

Domains homologous to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) are important building blocks for extracellular proteins. Proteins containing these domains have been shown to function in such diverse biological processes as blood coagulation, complement activation, and the developmental determination of embryonic cell fates. Many of these proteins require calcium for their biological function. In the case of coagulation factors IX and X and anticoagulants proteins C and S, calcium has been found to bind to the EGF-like domains. We have now determined the three-dimensional structure of the calcium-bound form of the NH2-terminal EGF-like domain in coagulation factor X by two-dimensional NMR and simulated folding. Ligands to the calcium ion are the two backbone carbonyls in Gly-47 and Gly-64, as well as the side chains in Gln-49, erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid (Hya) 63, and possibly Asp-46. The conserved Asp-48 is not a ligand in our present structures. The remaining ligands are assumed to be solvent molecules or, in the intact protein, ligands from neighboring domains. Other proteins interacting in a calcium-dependent manner may also contribute ligands. A comparison with the calcium-free form shows that calcium binding induces strictly local structural changes in the domain. Residues corresponding to the side chain ligands in factor X are conserved in many other proteins, such as the integral membrane protein TAN-1 of human lymphocytes and its developmentally important homolog, Notch, in Drosophila. Calcium binding to EGF-like domains may be crucial for numerous protein-protein interactions involving EGF-like domains in coagulation factors, plasma proteins, and membrane proteins. Therefore, there is reason to believe that this novel calcium site plays an important role in the biochemistry of extracellular proteins.
[Intratympanic dexamethasone for refractory sudden deafness]. (2008)

IT-DEX can treat refractory SD effectively and safely. It is an effective treatment for the patients who were contraindicant for systemic steroid, and it could be used for salvage for the patients who were inefficient for systemic steroid.