gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia (2006)

Impairments in certain cognitive functions mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, such as working memory, are core features of schizophrenia. Convergent findings suggest that these disturbances are associated with alterations in markers of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid and excitatory glutamate neurotransmission in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Specifically, reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis is present in the subpopulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons that express the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin. Despite presynaptic and postsynaptic compensatory responses, the resulting impaired inhibitory regulation of pyramidal neurons contributes to a reduction in the synchronized neuronal activity that is required for working memory function. Several lines of evidence suggest that these changes may be either secondary to or exacerbated by impaired signaling via the N-methyl-d-aspartate class of glutamate receptors. These findings suggest specific targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cognitive function in individuals with schizophrenia.
Characteristics of binding of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I and IGF‐II analogues to the type 1 IGF receptor determined by BIAcore analysis (2002)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) elicits mitogenic effects, promotion of differentiation and protection from apoptosis. This study has systematically measured IGF1R binding affinities of IGF-I, IGF-II and 14 IGF analogues to a recombinant high-affinity form of the IGF1R using BIAcore technology. The analogues assessed could be divided into two groups: (a) those designed to investigate binding of IGF-binding protein, which exhibited IGF1R-binding affinities similar to those of IGF-I or IGF-II; (b) those generated to probe IGF1R interactions with greatly reduced IGF1R-binding affinities. The relative binding affinities of IGF-I analogues and IGF-I for the IGF1R determined by BIAcore analysis agreed closely with existing data from receptor-binding assays using cells or tissue membranes, demonstrating that BIAcore technology is a powerful tool for measuring affinities of IGFs for IGF1R. In parallel studies, IGF1R-binding affinities were related to ability to protect against serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis in three different assays including Hoechst 33258 staining, cell survival, and DNA fragmentation assays using the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. In this model system, IGF-I and IGF-II at low nanomolar concentrations are able to prevent apoptosis completely. We conclude that ability to protect against apoptosis is directly related to ability to bind the IGF1R.
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Dose Extended-Regimen Oral Contraceptive* (2006)

Papers on Current Clinical and Basic Investigation: Wednesday, May 10, 2006: Contraception/Family Planning
A Revision Of The Genus Paratrechina Of The Continental United States. (1984)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Clinical Correlates of Inpatient Suicide (2003)

Standard risk assessments and standard precautions used were of limited value in protecting this group from suicide. Adding severity of anxiety and agitation to our current assessments may help identify patients at acute risk and suggest effective treatment interventions. The importance of a matched comparison group to ascertain if this sample can be blindly discriminated from inpatients who do not commit suicide is clear.
Helical Antimicrobial Sulfono-γ-AApeptides (2015)

Host-defense peptides (HDPs) such as magainin 2 have emerged as potential therapeutic agents combating antibiotic resistance. Inspired by their structures and mechanism of action, herein we report the first example of antimicrobial helical sulfono-γ-AApeptide foldamers. The lead molecule displays broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobial activity against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Time-kill studies and fluorescence microscopy suggest that sulfono-γ-AApeptides eradicate bacteria by taking a mode of action analogous to that of HDPs. Clear structure-function relationships exist in the studied sequences. Longer sequences, presumably adopting more-defined helical structures, are more potent than shorter ones. Interestingly, the sequence with less helical propensity in solution could be more selective than the stronger helix-forming sequences. Moreover, this class of antimicrobial agents are resistant to proteolytic degradation. These results may lead to the development of a new class of antimicrobial foldamers combating emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
The O-linked fucose glycosylation pathway: identification and characterization of a uridine diphosphoglucose: fucose-beta1,3- glucosyltransferase activity from Chinese hamster ovary cells (1999)

O-Linked fucose is an unusual carbohydrate modification in which fucose is linked directly to the hydroxyl groups of serines or threonines. It has been found on the epidermal growth factor-like modules of several secreted proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. We have recently reported the existence of an elongated form of O-linked fucose in Chinese hamster ovary cells consisting of a glucose linked to the 3'-hydroxyl of fucose (Glcbeta1,3Fuc- O-Ser/Thr). This structure is highly unusual for two reasons. First, in mammalian systems fucose is usually a terminal modification of N - and O-linked oligosaccharides. Here the fucose is internal. Secondly, terminal beta-linked glucose is extremely rare on mammalian glycoconjugates. Thus, the Glcbeta1,3Fuc structure is a very unique mammalian carbohydrate structure. Here we report the identification and initial characterization of a novel enzyme activity capable of forming this unique linkage: UDP-glucose: O-linked fucose beta1,3 glucosyltransferase. The enzyme utilizes UDP-glucose as the high energy donor and transfers glucose to alpha-linked fucose residues. The activity is linearly dependent on time, enzyme, and substrate concentrations and is enhanced in the presence of manganese ions. Activity is present in extracts of cultured cells from a variety of species (hamster, human, mouse, rat, chicken) and is enriched in brain and spleen of a normal adult rat. Thus, while this glycosyltransferase appears to be widespread in biology, it forms a very unique linkage, and it represents the first mammalian enzyme identified capable of elongating fucose.
One-Pot Synthesis of Metalated Pyridines from Two Acetylenes, a Nitrile, and a Titanium(II) Alkoxide (2005)

Four-component coupling process involving two acetylenes, a nitrile, and a divalent titanium alkoxide reagent, Ti(O-i-Pr)(4)/2i-PrMgCl, directly yielded titanated pyridines in a highly selective manner. The reaction can be classified into four categories: (i) a combination of an internal acetylene, a terminal acetylene, sulfonylnitrile, and the titanium reagent to yield alpha-titanated pyridines, (ii) a combination of an internal acetylene, a (sulfonylamino)acetylene, a nitrile, and the titanium reagent to yield alternative alpha-titanated pyridines, (iii) a combination of an internal acetylene, a (sulfonylamino)acetylene, a nitrile, and the titanium reagent to yield titanated aminopyridines, and (iv) a combination of an acetylenic amide, a terminal acetylene, a nitrile, and the titanium reagent to yield pyridineamides with their side chain titanated. Some of these reactions enabled virtually completely regioselective coupling of two different, unsymmetrical acetylenes and a nitrile to form a single pyridine. Synthetic applications of these reactions have been illustrated in the preparation of optically active pyridines and medicinally useful compounds.
Specific Identification of Bacillus Anthracis by Means of a Variant Bacteriophage (1955)

Journal Article Specific Identification of Bacillus Anthracis by Means of a Variant Bacteriophage Get access Eric R. Brown, Eric R. Brown From the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Chamblee, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William B. Cherry William B. Cherry From the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Chamblee, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 96, Issue 1, January 1955, Pages 34–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/96.1.34 Published: 01 January 1955 Article history Received: 22 March 1954 Published: 01 January 1955
Vision Based Modeling and Localization for Planetary Exploration Rovers (2004)

Exploration of large unknown planetary environments will rely on rovers that can autonomously cover distances of kilometres and maintain precise information about their location with respect to local features. During such traversals, the rovers will create photo-realistic three dimensional (3D) models of visited sites for autonomous operations on-site and mission planning on Earth. Currently rover position is estimated using wheel odometry, which is sucient for short traversals but as error accumulates quickly, it is unsuitable for long distances. At MD Robotics, we are working on imaging technologies for future planetary rover missions. Two complementary technologies are currently investigated: a stereo based vision system and a scanning time-of-flight LIDAR system. Both imaging systems have been installed on board of two experimental rovers and tested in laboratory and outdoor environments. With stereo cameras, the rover can create photo-realistic 3D model as well as provide visual odometry that is more accurate than the rover dead reckoning. With the LIDAR, the rover can match 3D scans to estimate the relative location to improve the wheel and visual odometry.
A Technique for the Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind (1962)

article Free Access Share on A Technique for the Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind Author: David L. Phillips Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IllinoisView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 9Issue 1pp 84–97https://doi.org/10.1145/321105.321114Published:01 January 1962Publication History 1,551citation3,679DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,551Total Downloads3,679Last 12 Months377Last 6 weeks38 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Chemoselectivity in Oxidative Coupling of Bifunctional Nucleophiles with Dinucleoside H-Phosphonate and Dinucleoside H-Phosphonothioate Diesters (2003)

Chemoselectivity and stereospecificity of iodine mediated oxidative couplings using separate diastereomers of dinucleoside H-phosphonate and H-phosphonothioate with various N- and O-binucleophiles were investigated.
The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-forming Liquids (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-forming LiquidsMalcolm L. Williams, Robert F. Landel, and John D. FerryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 14, 3701–3707Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01619a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15061Altmetric-Citations6480LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Testing the Role of p53 in the Expression of Genetic Instability and Apoptosis in Ataxia-telangiectasia (1994)

We have obtained initial evidence supporting a new model for the human disease ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), in which the A-T and p53 genes play crucial roles in a signal transduction network that activates multiple cellular functions in response to DNA damage. Three of the model's predictions were tested. (1) Disrupting cell cycle checkpoints should increase spontaneous rates in normal cells. In order to interfere with the G1/S checkpoint, we transfected a normal cell line with vectors expressing either a dominant-negative p53ala143 mutant or a human papilloma virus E6 gene. These transformants showed 10-80-fold elevations in spontaneous recombination rates when compared with their parent. (2) A-T cells should be sensitive to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Widespread apoptosis was detectable in four A-T fibroblast lines, but not two control lines, beginning 24 h after exposure to X-rays or streptonigrin, but not UV. Streptonigrin also induced widespread apoptosis in A-T lymphoblasts but not in control lymphoblasts. (3) Disruption of p53 function in A-T cells should increase their mutagen resistance by interfering with apoptosis. Stable transfection of either the p53143ala or the HPV18 E6 construct was associated with acquisition of streptonigrin and radiation resistance, while transfection with the p53143ala construct did not affect the streptonigrin sensitivity of a control cell line.
Diarylethene doped biocompatible polymer dots for fluorescence switching (2012)

The photochromic molecule diarylethene works as a "toggle switch" for biocompatible fluorescence polymer dots and enables fluorescence switching in biological samples.
Simultaneous Measurement of Thyroxine and Thyrotropin from Newborn Dried Blood-Spot Specimens Using a Multiplexed Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay (2000)

All newborns in the United States are screened by state-sponsored programs for congenital hypothyroidism. Traditionally, this has involved an initial screen for thyroxine (T4), followed by testing thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations of infants with low T4 values. This algorithm or an alternative whereby only TSH is assayed does not detect all hypothyroid newborns (1). A simultaneous assay that measures both T4 and TSH would be preferred for screening. Luminex MultiAnalyte Profiling Technology (LabMAP) was used to develop an immunoassay that measures T4 and TSH simultaneously from a single blood-spot sample. The method uses a mixture of two distinct sets of uniquely fluorescent microspheres, which are identified by distinct red and orange fluorescent dyes by the Luminex100 flow analyzer (2). Quantification is accomplished with a green fluorescent reporter molecule. At present, 100 distinct sets of fluorescent microspheres are available, permitting the simultaneous measurement of as many as 100 different analytes.

Uniquely, LabMAP provides the ability to combine different immunoassay formats in a single detection system: a competitive-inhibition format for T4 measurement and a sandwich-capture format for measurement of TSH. Using two Luminex spectral-addressable fluorescent microsphere sets, we covalently coupled T4-BSA and anti-TSH capture antibody to two distinct microsphere sets. The anti-TSH monoclonal capture antibody (100 μg), clone 204-12410 (OEM Concepts), and 25 μg of the T4-BSA antigen (Fitzgerald Industries International) were separately covalently attached to the carboxylate groups …
Cloning and functional expression of a novel degenerin‐like Na+ channel gene in mammals (1999)

1. A degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) homology screening procedure was applied to rat brain cDNA in order to identify novel genes belonging to the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel and degenerin (NaC/DEG) family of ion channels. A single gene was identified that encodes a protein related to but clearly different from the already cloned members of the family (18-30 % amino acid sequence identity). Phylogenetic analysis linked this protein to the group of ligand-gated channels that includes the mammalian acid-sensing ion channels and the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide)-activated Na+ channel. 2. Expression of gain-of-function mutants after cRNA injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes or transient transfection of COS cells induced large constitutive currents. The activated channel was amiloride sensitive (IC50, 1.31 microM) and displayed a low conductance (9-10 pS) and a high selectivity for Na+ over K+ (ratio of the respective permeabilities, PNa+/PK+ >= 10), all of which are characteristic of NaC/DEG channel behaviour. 3. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed a predominant expression of its mRNA in the small intestine, the liver (including hepatocytes) and the brain. This channel has been called the brain-liver-intestine amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel (BLINaC). 4. Corresponding gain-of-function mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans degenerins are responsible for inherited neurodegeneration in the nematode. Besides the BLINaC physiological function that remains to be established, mutations in this novel mammalian degenerin-like channel might be of pathophysiological importance in inherited neurodegeneration and liver or intestinal pathologies.
Alzheimer's Disease is Type 3 Diabetes—Evidence Reviewed (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has characteristic histopathological, molecular, and biochemical abnormalities, including cell loss; abundant neurofibrillary tangles; dystrophic neurites; amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-beta (APP-Abeta) deposits; increased activation of prodeath genes and signaling pathways; impaired energy metabolism; mitochondrial dysfunction; chronic oxidative stress; and DNA damage. Gaining a better understanding of AD pathogenesis will require a framework that mechanistically interlinks all these phenomena. Currently, there is a rapid growth in the literature pointing toward insulin deficiency and insulin resistance as mediators of AD-type neurodegeneration, but this surge of new information is riddled with conflicting and unresolved concepts regarding the potential contributions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and obesity to AD pathogenesis. Herein, we review the evidence that (1) T2DM causes brain insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment, but its aggregate effects fall far short of mimicking AD; (2) extensive disturbances in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling mechanisms represent early and progressive abnormalities and could account for the majority of molecular, biochemical, and histopathological lesions in AD; (3) experimental brain diabetes produced by intracerebral administration of streptozotocin shares many features with AD, including cognitive impairment and disturbances in acetylcholine homeostasis; and (4) experimental brain diabetes is treatable with insulin sensitizer agents, i.e., drugs currently used to treat T2DM. We conclude that the term "type 3 diabetes" accurately reflects the fact that AD represents a form of diabetes that selectively involves the brain and has molecular and biochemical features that overlap with both type 1 diabetes mellitus and T2DM.
Synthesis of hexanucleotide analogues containing diisopropylsilyl internucleotide linkages (1988)

The synthesis of two silyl-linked hexanucleotide analogues is described. Hypochromicity and CD measurements indicate that the thymidine hexanucleotide analogue bears a strong resemblance to its phosphodiester-linked counterpart.
Study of Ventricular Response in Atrial Fibrillation (1961)

A study was made of the variation in R-R interval in 47 long electrocardiographic recordings from 17 patients with atrial fibrillation. The distribution curve of ventricular intervals was found to vary in configuration according to the mean ventricular rate. A single high peak was seen at fast rates, two peaks at intermediate rates, and a single low peak flattening to a long low curve at slow rates.
Protein microarray: sensitive and effective immunodetection for drug residues (2010)

The protein microarrays showed 4.5 and 3.5 times lower IC50 than the ci-ELISA detection for CL and SM2, respectively, suggesting that immunodetection of small molecules with protein microarray is a better approach than the traditional ELISA technique.
Human Heparanase (1999)

Heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are present in the extracellular matrix as well as on the external cell surface. They bind various molecules such as growth factors and cytokines and modulate the biological functions of binding proteins. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are also important structural components of the basement membrane. Heparanase is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate and has been implicated in inflammation and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we report the purification of a human heparanase from an SV40-transformed embryonic fibroblast cell line WI38/VA13 by four sequential column chromatographies. The activity was measured by high speed gel permeation chromatography of the degradation products of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled heparan sulfate. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, yielding a peptide with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa when analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using the amino acid sequences of the N-terminal and internal heparanase peptides, a cDNA coding for human heparanase was cloned. NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells stably transfected with pBK-CMV expression vectors containing the heparanase cDNA showed high heparanase activities. The homology search revealed that no homologous protein had been reported.
Peptidomimetic Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion (1997)

I. Introduction II. Identification of Peptidomimetic GH Secretagogues A. Mechanism of action of GHRH, GHRP-6, and somatostatin B. In vitro assays III. Molecular Design by Medicinal Chemistry A. Benzolactams and L-692,429 B. Spiroindanes and MK-0677 C. Isonipecotic acid peptidomimetics IV. Characterization of the MK-0677 Receptor A. Pituitary gland B. Hypothalamus V. Signal Transduction Pathway VI. Cloning the GH Secretagogue Receptor A. Chromosomal localization VII. Action of the Peptidomimetic GH Secretagogues in the Central Nervous System VIII. Peptidomimetic GH Secretagogues in Vivo A. Animal models B. Clinical studies in humans IX. Regulation of Pulsatile GH Release A. GHRH and somatostatin B. The role of GHS-R X. Concluding Comments
Human Enterovirus Infections (1995)

Introduction Section I: Scientific Principles Epidemiology Enterovirus genetics Early events in infection Viral replication Transplantation and host cell shutoff Packaging and assembly Cell biology of enterovirus infections Host immune response to enterovirus infections Section II: Clinical Manifestations Poliomyelitis and vaccine strategies Perinatal enterovirus infections The febrile infant syndrome Respiratory infections Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy The possible role of enteroviruses in diabetes mellitus The possible role of enteroviruses in chronic neuromuscular diseases Section III: Diagnosis and Treatment Laboratory diagnosis Development of antiviral agents