gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM2.5 capture (2015)

Particulate matter (PM) pollution has raised serious concerns for public health. Although outdoor individual protection could be achieved by facial masks, indoor air usually relies on expensive and energy-intensive air-filtering devices. Here, we introduce a transparent air filter for indoor air protection through windows that uses natural passive ventilation to effectively protect the indoor air quality. By controlling the surface chemistry to enable strong PM adhesion and also the microstructure of the air filters to increase the capture possibilities, we achieve transparent, high air flow and highly effective air filters of ~90% transparency with >95.00% removal of PM2.5 under extreme hazardous air-quality conditions (PM2.5 mass concentration >250 μg m(-3)). A field test in Beijing shows that the polyacrylonitrile transparent air filter has the best PM2.5 removal efficiency of 98.69% at high transmittance of ~77% during haze occurrence.
Maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy. (1988)

The possibility of improving the effectiveness of antenatal screening for Down's syndrome by measuring human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in maternal serum during the second trimester to select women for diagnostic amniocentesis was examined. The median maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration in 77 pregnancies associated with Down's syndrome was twice the median concentration in 385 unaffected pregnancies matched for maternal age, gestational age, and duration of storage of the serum sample. Measuring human chorionic gonadotrophin in maternal serum was an effective screening test, giving a lower false positive rate (3%) at a 30% detection rate than that for maternal age (5%) and the two existing serum screening tests, unconjugated oestriol (7%) and alpha fetoprotein (11%). The most effective screening results were obtained with all four variables combined; at the same 30% detection rate the false positive rate declined to 0.5%. The new screening method would detect over 60% of affected pregnancies, more than double that achievable with the same amniocentesis rate in existing programmes (5%), and could reduce the number of children born with Down's syndrome in the United Kingdom from about 900 a year to about 350 a year.
Modeling and Measuring Link Capacity in Communication Networks (2010)

The capacity of a link is a fundamental parameter in communication networks. Its knowledge is needed for both network planning and management. This is why capacity estimation was one of the first measurement challenges in wired communication networks. In the recent past, some experimental tests permitted imputing the poor performance of capacity measurement techniques in wireless networks to some pitfalls of the capacity model that they are based on. This paper is the natural evolution of those experimental findings. It presents a new multilayer capacity model that is consistent with the classical capacity definition but does not suffer from such pitfalls, along with an improved measurement method based on the deployment of proper software probes. The results of experiments that are conducted on IEEE 802.11x wireless links are also given.
High viscosity plasma expanders: Volume restitution fluids for lowering the transfusion trigger (2001)

Hemorheological studies lead to the axiom that high plasma viscosity is detrimental and that it is beneficial to lower blood viscosity, a precept embodied in the practice of hemodilution, where improved perfusion is attributed to the lowering of blood viscosity. Hemodilution is limited by the transfusion trigger, hemoglobin content of blood of about 7-8 g/dl, which indicates when further volume replacements must restore oxygen carrying capacity with red blood cells (RBC). However, oxygen consumption and delivery are not compromised upon passing this landmark. The reduced blood viscosity does not transmit adequate pressure to the capillaries, causing functional capillary density (FCD) to decrease, jeopardizing organ function through the inadequate extraction of products of metabolism from the tissue by the capillaries. Studies in hemorrhagic shock show that survival is primarily determined by the maintenance of FCD and secondarily by tissue oxygenation. FCD is maintained as hematocrit is reduced beyond the transfusion trigger by increasing plasma viscosity, which transmits systemic pressure to the capillaries and induces vasodilatation through the increased shear stress dependent release of vasodilators. Consequently the transfusion trigger is also a "viscosity trigger" indicating when blood and plasma viscosity are too low. In this condition increasing plasma viscosity is beneficial and extends the transfusion trigger reducing the use of blood transfusions.
Halving the cost of quantum addition (2018)

We improve the number of T gates needed to perform an n-bit adder from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. We do so via a "temporary logical-AND" construction which uses four T gates to store the logical-AND of two qubits into an ancilla and zero T gates to later erase the ancilla. This construction is equivalent to one by Jones, except that our framing makes it clear that the technique is far more widely applicable than previously realized. Temporary logical-ANDs can be applied to integer arithmetic, modular arithmetic, rotation synthesis, the quantum Fourier transform, Shor's algorithm, Grover oracles, and many other circuits. Because T gates dominate the cost of quantum computation based on the surface code, and temporary logical-ANDs are widely applicable, this represents a significant reduction in projected costs of quantum computation. In addition to our n-bit adder, we present an n-bit controlled adder circuit with T-count of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, a temporary adder that can be computed for the same cost as the normal adder but whose result can be kept until it is later uncomputed without using T gates, and discuss some other constructions whose T-count is improved by the temporary logical-AND.
Neuropilin-1 Expression Characterizes T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells Activated during B Cell Differentiation in Human Secondary Lymphoid Organs (2013)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in the development of antigen-specific B cell immunity. Tfh cells regulate the differentiation and survival of activated B cells outside and inside germinal centers (GC) of secondary lymphoid organs. They act through cognate contacts with antigen-presenting B cells, but there is no current marker to specifically identify those Tfh cells which productively interact with B cells. Here we show that neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), a cell surface receptor, is selectively expressed by a subset of Tfh cells in human secondary lymphoid organs. Nrp1 expression on Tfh cells correlates with B cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro, is transient, and can be induced upon co-culture with autologous memory B cells in a cell contact-dependent manner. Comparative analysis of ex vivo Nrp1(+) and Nrp1(-) Tfh cells reveals gene expression modulation during activation. Finally, Nrp1 is expressed by malignant Tfh-like cells in a severe case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) associated with elevated terminal B cell differentiation. Thus, Nrp1 is a specific marker of Tfh cells cognate activation in humans, which may prove useful as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target in neoplastic diseases associated with Tfh cells activity.
Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Vinylpalladiums to Aryl Ketones [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3545−3546]. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionIntramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Vinylpalladiums to Aryl Ketones [J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 3545−3546].Long Gyo Quan, Vladimir Gevorgyan, and Yoshinori YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 40, 9485Publication Date (Web):September 24, 1999Publication History Published online24 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja995527uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja995527ucorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views950Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (19 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Do NMDA receptor antagonist models of schizophrenia predict the clinical efficacy of antipsychotic drugs? (2007)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as ketamine and phencyclidine, induce perceptual abnormalities, psychosis-like symptoms, and mood changes in healthy humans and patients with schizophrenia. The similarity between NMDA receptor antagonist-induced psychosis and schizophrenia has led to the widespread use of the drugs to provide models to aid the development of novel treatments for the disorder. This review investigates the predictive validity of NMDA receptor antagonist models based on a range of novel treatments that have now reached clinical trials. Furthermore, it considers the extent to which the different hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the psychotomimetic effects of NMDA receptor antagonist have been validated by the results of these trials. Finally, the review discusses some of the caveats associated with use of the models and some suggestions as to how a greater use of translational markers might ensure progress in understanding the relationship between the models and schizophrenia.
Boron-nitrogen polymers. 3. Nitrogen- and oxygen-bridged compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-nitrogen polymers. 3. Nitrogen- and oxygen-bridged compoundsK. J. L. Paciorek, R. H. Kratzer, P. F. Kimble, J. H. Nakahara, K. J. Wynne, and C. S. DayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 14, 2432–2436Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00287a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00287a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fluorescence enhancement on silver nanoplates at the single- and sub-nanoparticle level (2015)

The fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent molecule can be strongly enhanced when the molecule is near a metal nanoparticle. Hence, fluorescence enhancement has a lot of applications in the fields of biology and medical science. It is necessary to understand the mechanism for such an attractive effect, if we intend to develop better materials to improve the enhancement. In this paper, we directly image the diverse patterns of fluorescence enhancement on single Ag nanoplates by super-resolution microscopy. The research reveals that the edges or tips of the Ag nanoplate usually show a much higher ability of fluorescence enhancement than the mid part. The spatial distribution of fluorescence enhancement strongly depends on the size of the Ag nanoplate as well as the angle between the Ag nanoplate and the incident light. The experimental results above are essentially consistent with the simulated electric field by the theory of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), but some irregularities still exist. We also find that fluorescence enhancement on small Ag nanoplates is mainly due to in-plane dipole plasmon resonance, while the enhancement on large Ag nanoplates is mainly due to in-plane quadrupole plasmon resonance. Furthermore, in-plane quadrupole resonance of large plates has a higher ability to enhance the fluorescence signal than the in-plane dipole plasmon resonance. This research provides many valuable insights into the fluorescence enhancement at the single- and sub-nanoparticle level, and will be very helpful in developing better relevant materials.
Increased Expression of the Copper Efflux Transporter ATP7A Mediates Resistance to Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxaliplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells (2004)

A small increase in ATP7A expression produced resistance to all three of the clinically available Pt drugs. Whereas increased expression of ATP7A reduced Cu accumulation, it did not reduce accumulation of the Pt drugs. Under conditions where Cu triggered ATP7A relocalization, the Pt drugs did not. Thus, although ATP7A is an important determinant of sensitivity to the Pt drugs, there are substantial differences between Cu and the Pt drugs with respect to how they interact with ATP7A and the mechanism by which ATP7A protects the cell.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of a Ligand at the Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin H2 Receptor Site: (4Z)‐6‐((2RS,4RS,5SR)‐2‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl)hex‐4‐enoic Acid (1990)

Abstract (i.e.
High Expression of Testes-Specific Protease 50 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Carcinoma (2011)

Our data demonstrate that TSP50 is a potential effective indicator of poor survival for CRC patients, especially for those with early-stage tumors.
Position+Attitude from GPS+INS for RTK Airborne Sensoring (1999)

This is a presentation of the techniques used to process inertial and GPS data collected during an airborne gravimetric and altimetric survey in order to obtain absolute position and attitude estimates of the sensors mounted on board the aircraft. For high precision gravimetry and altimetry, these navigational parameters are required, in the order of a decimeter for position and better than one arc-minute for attitude. The survey took place in the Portuguese Azorean area in October 1997. It consisted of flying a series of profiles with a set of instruments mounted in a military aircraft, covering a large area around the islands, mainly over the mid-Atlantic ridge. The instruments whose position and attitude had to be determined were a gravimeter and two altimeters (one laser and another radar). For this purpose, three GPS receivers and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) were used. The basic idea was to have a relatively low cost system that would be able to supply position and attitude with a level of accuracy and reliability similar to other more expensive systems, like gimbaled and ring laser gyro based inertial systems. One other requirement was that it should be able to work in real time. This feature could be useful for repeating flight tracks and for many other applications. For this purpose, a radio link was established with the aircraft to supply GPS data from a ground reference station. The methodology for processing GPS and IMU raw data was implemented with an integrated feedback loop. The position determination is based on real time DGPS with L1 and L2 carrier phase ambiguity fixing, using online IMU processed data to validate and increase the positions reliability, especially during GPS outages and when the aircraft is far away from the nearest GPS reference station. For the attitude angles, the IMU raw data is processed using the absolute GPS position measurements for continuous alignment. The baseline between a pair of GPS antennas is also computed (without resorting to a reference station data), using L1 and L2 carrier phase and doppler measurements. This baseline is very helpful for the continuous alignment of the strapdown analytical platform in heading, since this angle estimate is weakly coupled to position updates, especially in the absence of high horizontal accelerations. The position and attitude values were obtained from all the measurements using an Extended Kalman filter. Besides the normal navigation states, the filter also includes extra states to account for the inertial sensor errors and the vertical gravity anomaly.
Headspace Sorptive Extraction (HSSE), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), and Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Applied to the Analysis of Roasted Arabica Coffee and Coffee Brew (2002)

Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), two recently introduced solventless enrichment techniques, have been applied to the analysis of the headspace of Arabica roasted coffee and of the headspace of the brew and of the brew itself. In both HSSE and SBSE enrichment is performed on a thick film of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coated onto a magnet incorporated in a glass jacket. Sampling is done by placing the PDMS stir bar in the headspace (gas phase extraction or HSSE) or by immersing it in the liquid (liquid phase extraction or SBSE). The stir bar is then thermally desorbed on-line with capillary GC-MS. The performance of HSSE and SBSE have been compared through the determination of the recoveries and relative abundances of 16 components of the coffee volatile fraction to classical static headspace (S-HS) and to headspace and in-sample solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME and IS-SPME, respectively) applying the fibers PDMS 100 microm, Carbowax/divinylbenzene 65 microm (CW/DVB), Carboxen/PDMS 75 microm(CAR/PDMS), polyacrylate 85 microm(PA), PDMS/divinylbenzene 65 microm(PDMS/DVB), and Carboxen/divinylbenzene/PDMS 50-30 microm(CAR/PDMS/DVB). In all cases, HSSE and SBSE gave higher recoveries, and this is entirely due to the high amount of PDMS applied.
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Hyaluronidase Deficiency (1996)

The mucopolysaccharidoses are lysosomal storage disorders caused by a genetic deficiency of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). These disorders are clinically variable and commonly associated with mental retardation, short stature, coarse facial features, organomegaly, and an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is one of the major glycosaminoglycans and has a vital role in many physiologic processes.1–4 Genetic deficiencies of most of the lysosomal enzymes that catalyze the degradation of glycosaminoglycans have been identified, with the exception of hyaluronidase, a lysosomal endoglycosidase that catalyzes the degradation of hyaluronan.5–7 We describe the clinical, pathological, . . .
[Histochemical and clinical-diagnostic study of placental alpha 1-microglobulin using monoclonal antibodies]. (1991)

Five stable hybridomas against placental protein PAMG-1 were obtained. Monoclonal antibodies were not cross reactive with other placental proteins and human serum albumin. The content of PAMG-1 during a physiological pregnancy increased to 40 ng/ml. 23 women with repeated abortions had an increased content of PAMG-1.
Targeting a metalloprotease-PAR1 signaling system with cell-penetrating pepducins inhibits angiogenesis, ascites, and progression of ovarian cancer (2008)

Gene chip and proteomic analyses of tumors and stromal tissue has led to the identification of dozens of candidate tumor and host components potentially involved in tumor-stromal interactions, angiogenesis, and progression of invasive disease. In particular, matrix metalloproteases (MMP) have emerged as important biomarkers and prognostic factors for invasive and metastatic cancers. From an initial screen of benign versus malignant patient fluids, we delineated a metalloprotease cascade comprising MMP-14, MMP-9, and MMP-1 that culminates in activation of PAR1, a G protein-coupled protease-activated receptor up-regulated in diverse cancers. In xenograft models of advanced peritoneal ovarian cancer, PAR1-dependent angiogenesis, ascites formation, and metastasis were effectively inhibited by i.p. administration of cell-penetrating pepducins based on the intracellular loops of PAR1. These data provide an in vivo proof-of-concept that targeting the metalloprotease-PAR1 signaling system may be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Information Asymmetries and Security Market Design: An Empirical Study of the Secondary Market for U.S. Government Securities (1991)

ABSTRACT This paper examines the empirical implications of an information asymmetry between primary and secondary dealers in the U.S. Government Securities market. This asymmetry arises because primary dealers are permitted to trade through all brokers operating in the marketplace while secondary dealers are restricted to trade through only a subset of brokers. Brokers distribute valuable information over video screens to their trading clients including dealers' up‐to‐date bid‐ask spreads and recent transaction prices. As such, all brokers' video screen information is available to primary dealers, while only a subset of brokers' information is available to secondary dealers. Empirical analyses detect the resulting information asymmetry.
Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse (2017)

Ultrafast video recording of spatiotemporal light distribution in a scattering medium has a significant impact in biomedicine. Although many simulation tools have been implemented to model light propagation in scattering media, existing experimental instruments still lack sufficient imaging speed to record transient light-scattering events in real time. We report single-shot ultrafast video recording of a light-induced photonic Mach cone propagating in an engineered scattering plate assembly. This dynamic light-scattering event was captured in a single camera exposure by lossless-encoding compressed ultrafast photography at 100 billion frames per second. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation. This technology holds great promise for next-generation biomedical imaging instrumentation.