gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asterisk: The Future of Telephony, 2nd Edition (2007)

This bestselling book is now the standard guide to building phone systems with Asterisk, the open source IP PBX that has traditional telephony providers running scared! Revised for the 1.4 release of the software, the new edition of Asterisk: The Future of Telephony reveals how you can save money on equipment and support, and finally be in control of your telephone system. If you've worked with telephony in the past, you're familiar with the problem: expensive and inflexible systems that are tuned to the vendor's needs, not yours. Asterisk isn't just a candle in the darkness, it's a whole fireworks show. Because Asterisk is so powerful, configuring it can seem tricky and difficult. This book steps you through the process of installing, configuring, and integrating Asterisk with your existing phone system. You'll learn how to write dialplans, set up applications including speech synthesis and voice recognition, how to script Asterisk, and much more -- everything you need to design a simple but complete system with little or no Asterisk experience, and no more than rudimentary telecommunications knowledge. The book includes: A new chapter on managing/administering your Asterisk systemA new chapter on using Asterisk with databasesCoverage of features in Asterisk 1.4A new appendix on dialplan functionsA simplified installation chapterNew simplified SIP configuration, including examples for several popular SIP clients (soft phones and IP telephones)Revised chapters and appendicies reviewed and updated for the latest in features, applications, trends and best-practices Asterisk is revolutionizing the telecom industry, due in large part to the way it gets along with other network applications. While other PBXs are fighting their inevitable absorption into the network, Asterisk embraces it. If you need to take control of your telephony systems, move to Asterisk and see what the future of telecommunications looks like.
Highly efficient capture and enumeration of low abundance prostate cancer cells using prostate‐specific membrane antigen aptamers immobilized to a polymeric microfluidic device (2009)

Prostate tumor cells over-express a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that can be used as a marker to select these cells from highly heterogeneous clinical samples, even when found in low abundance. Antibodies and aptamers have been developed that specifically bind to PSMA. In this study, anti-PSMA aptamers were immobilized onto the surface of a capture bed poised within a PMMA, microchip, which was fabricated into a high-throughput micro-sampling unit (HTMSU) used for the selective isolation of rare circulating prostate tumor cells resident in a peripheral blood matrix. The HTMSU capture bed consisted of 51 ultra-high-aspect ratio parallel curvilinear channels with a width similar to the prostate cancer cell dimensions. The surface density of the PSMA-specific aptamers on an ultraviolet-modified PMMA microfluidic capture bed surface was determined to be 8.4 x 10(12) molecules/cm(2). Using a linear velocity for optimal cell capture in the aptamer-tethered HTMSU (2.5 mm/s), a recovery of 90% of LNCaP cells (prostate cancer cell line; used as a model in this example) was found. Due to the low abundance of these cells, the input volume required was 1 mL and this could be processed in approximately 29 min using an optimized linear flow rate of 2.5 mm/s. Captured cells were subsequently released intact from the affinity surface using 0.25% w/w trypsin followed by counting individual cells using a contact conductivity sensor integrated into the HTMSU that provided high detection and sampling efficiency (approximately 100%) and did not require staining of the cells for enumeration.
Genetic modification of pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation (2009)

Transgenic pigs are promising donor organisms for xenotransplantation as they share many anatomical and physiological characteristics with humans. The most profound barrier to pig-to-primate xenotransplantation is the rejection of the grafted organ by a cascade of immune mechanisms commonly referred to as hyperacute rejection (HAR), acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR), immune cell-mediated rejection, and chronic rejection. Various strategies for the genetic modification of pigs facilitate tailoring them to be donors for organ transplantation. Genetically modified pigs lacking alpha-1,3-Gal epitopes, the major xenoantigens triggering HAR of pig-to-primate xenografts, are considered to be the basis for further genetic modifications that can address other rejection mechanisms and incompatibilities between the porcine and primate blood coagulation systems. These modifications include expression of human complement regulatory proteins, CD39, endothelial protein C receptor, heme oxygenase 1, thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor as well as modulators of the cellular immune system such as human TNF alpha-related apoptosis inducing ligand, HLA-E/beta-2-microglobulin, and CTLA-4Ig. In addition, transgenic strategies have been developed to reduce the potential risk of infections by endogenous porcine retroviruses. The protective efficacy of all these strategies is strictly dependent on a sufficiently high expression level of the respective factors with the required spatial distribution. This review provides an overview of the transgenic approaches that have been used to generate donor pigs for xenotransplantation, as well as their biological effects in in vitro tests and in preclinical transplantation studies. A future challenge will be to combine the most important and efficient genetic modifications in multi-transgenic pigs for clinical xenotransplantation.
Application of automated design migration to alternating phase shift mask design (2001)

The use of phase shifted mask (PSM) has been demonstrated to be a powerful resolution enhancement technique (RET) for the printing of features at dimensions below the exposure wavelength in deep submicron technologies. Its implementation in physical design has introduced non-conventional design ground rules, which impact the traditional layout migration process and designers productivity. In this panel discussion paper, we propose a solution to extend the traditional constraint-based layout migration and legalization approach. The solution has been demonstrated to be very effective in practice.
N-Linked Glycosylation and Sialylation of the Acid-labile Subunit (1999)

Over 75% of the circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) are bound in 140-kDa ternary complexes with IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and the 84-86-kDa acid-labile subunit (ALS), a glycoprotein containing 20 kDa of carbohydrate. The ternary complexes regulate IGF availability to the tissues. Since interactions of glycoproteins can be influenced by their glycan moieties, this study aimed to determine the role of ALS glycosylation in ternary complex formation. Complete deglycosylation abolished the ability of ALS to associate with IGFBP-3. To examine this further, seven recombinant ALS mutants each lacking one of the seven glycan attachment sites were expressed in CHO cells. All the mutants bound IGFBP-3, demonstrating that this interaction is not dependent on any single glycan chain. Enzymatic desialylation of ALS caused a shift in isoelectric point from 4.5 toward 7, demonstrating a substantial contribution of anionic charge by sialic acid. Ionic interactions are known to be involved in the association between ALS and IGFBP-3. Desialylation reduced the affinity of ALS for IGFBP-3. IGF complexes by 50-80%. Since serum protein glycosylation is often modified in disease states, the dependence of IGF ternary complex formation on the glycosylation state of ALS suggests a novel mechanism for regulation of IGF bioavailability.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐4 (TIMP‐4) gene expression is increased in human osteoarthritic femoral head cartilage (2002)

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 (TIMP-4), the newest member of the TIMP family, blocks the activities of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) implicated in the arthritic cartilage erosion. By utilizing semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether the TIMP-4 gene is expressed in human non-arthritic and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. Directly analyzed femoral head cartilage showed TIMP-4 RNA expression in 2 of 9 non-arthritic and 12 of 14 OA patients. Femoral head cartilage from 6 of 9 OA patients had elevated TIMP-4 protein compared to the low-level expression in 3 of 8 non-arthritic controls. In most patients, there was correlation between TIMP-4 RNA and protein expression. TIMP-4 protein was also detected immunohistochemically in the upper zone of OA cartilage. The widespread TIMP-4 RNA and protein expression and augmentation in femoral OA cartilage suggests its important role in joint tissue remodeling and pathogenesis of OA. Increased TIMP levels in arthritic cartilage may not be a sufficiently effective defense against cartilage resorption by excessive multiple MMPs and aggrecanases.
Tensile Orientation Behavior of Alkoxy-Substituted Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Derivatives in Polyolefin Blend Films (2000)

A series of new dichroic, photoluminescent alkoxy-substituted bis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives 1a−e, have been synthesized and characterized. All dyes are highly emissive and show bright-blue photoluminescence with quantum yields in solution ranging from 0.63 to 0.72. Oriented blend films comprising these dyes were prepared with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) as the matrix material by solution-casting, and with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by melt-processing as well as guest diffusion. Despite the introduction of alkoxy substituents, not all dyes are compatible with UHMW PE and large-scale phase segregation was observed during the preparation of a number of UHMW PE blend films. In the case of the latter, films with relatively good dichroic properties are only obtained if the melting point of the dye is lower than or equal to the deformation temperature. On the other hand, melt-processing of 1a−e with LLDPE produces homogeneous blends that, after tensile deformation, give rise to highly dichroic photoluminescent films. In this case, the melting temperature of the dye was found to be less relevant for the orientation process. In view of a future application of these PL blends as photoluminescent polarizer, melt-processed blends based on octyloxy- and dodecyloxy-substituted bis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives (1c,d) and LLDPE embody the optimal combination of good accessibility, excellent luminescence characteristics and high polarization of the emitted light.
Influence of Environmental Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Formation by Streptococcus gordonii (1999)

Hydrogen peroxide generated by viridans group streptococci has an antagonistic effect on many bacterial species, including a number of pathogens, in the oral environment. This study examines the influence of a variety of environmental conditions on rates of hydrogen peroxide synthesis by Streptococcus gordonii. Hydrogen peroxide was synthesized at every concentration of glucose and sucrose tested from 10 microM to 1 M, with the highest rates occurring at 0.1 mM sucrose and 1 mM glucose. S. gordonii appeared to have an intracellular store of polysaccharide which supported hydrogen peroxide formation even when the assay buffer contained no carbohydrate. Most heavy metal ions inhibited peroxidogenesis, and anaerobic conditions induced adaptive down-regulation of hydrogen peroxide synthesis; however, peroxidogenesis was generally insensitive to moderate increases in salt concentration, alteration of the mineral content of the assay solution, and changes in pH between 5.0 and 7.5. In contrast, stimulation of peroxidogenesis occurred in 1 mM Mg(2+) and 10 to 50 mM potassium L-lactate. Maximum peroxidogenesis occurred during the mid-logarithmic and late-logarithmic phases of bacterial growth. These bacterial responses may have significant implications for oral ecology and oral health.
Immunization by Direct DNA Inoculation Induces Rejection of Tumor Cell Challenge (1995)

Direct DNA inoculation is the basis for a new technology that has been successfully used for in vivo induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. However, the immunological parameters of this new approach remain to be evaluated in detail. We report here that direct DNA inoculation can induce protection from malignant tumor cell challenge through the generation of specific immune responses directed against antigens displayed on the tumor cells. The protected mice remain tumor-free for more than 1 year post-challenge. Memory responses upon tumor rechallenge were observed for both humoral and cellular immunity. Inoculated animals were able to reject otherwise lethal tumors several months following the original DNA inoculation protocol. These in vivo protective responses suggest that further analysis of this technology for vaccine development or immune therapeutic strategies is warranted.
Solution for the Two-Electron Correlation Function in a Plasma (1961)

The two-electron correlation function, $g$, responsible for "collisional" corrections to the correlationless (or Vlasov) description of a plasma, is investigated. It is shown that an exact solution of the integral equation for $g$ can be found for a fairly wide class of spatially homogeneous, one-electron distribution functions, $f$ (the ion dynamics being neglected). This is carried out in detail for the simplest member of the class (the resonance shape), and the Landau damping of $g$ to its asymptotic ($t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) form is exhibited explicitly. It is shown that correlations between particles separated by more than the Debye length are damped in a time which exceeds the period of plasma oscillations, ${{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and that these make an appreciable contribution to the "collisional" rate of change of $f$. It is concluded that for rapidly varying $f$ (as in problems involving plasma oscillations) conventional treatments of the "collision" term should be replaced by a self-consistent solution of the coupled equations for $f$ and $g$.
Exact convex relaxation for optimal power flow in distribution networks (2013)

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem seeks to control the power generation/consumption to minimize the generation cost, and is becoming important for distribution networks. OPF is nonconvex and a second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation has been proposed to solve it. We prove that after a "small" modification to OPF, the SOCP relaxation is exact under a "mild" condition. Empirical studies demonstrate that the modification to OPF is "small" and that the "mild" condition holds for all test networks, including the IEEE 13-bus test network and practical networks with high penetration of distributed generation.
Protein N-Glycosylation in the Baculovirus-Insect Cell System (2007)

One of the major advantages of the baculovirus-insect cell system is that it is a eukaryotic system that can provide posttranslational modifications, such as protein N-glycosylation. However, this is a vastly oversimplified view, which reflects a poor understanding of insect glycobiology. In general, insect protein glycosylation pathways are far simpler than the corresponding pathways of higher eukaryotes. Paradoxically, it is increasingly clear that various insects encode and can express more elaborate protein glycosylation functions in restricted fashion. Thus, the information gathered in a wide variety of studies on insect protein N-glycosylation during the past 25 years has provided what now appears to be a reasonably detailed, comprehensive, and accurate understanding of the protein N-glycosylation capabilities of the baculovirus-insect cell system. In this chapter, we discuss the models of insect protein N-glycosylation that have emerged from these studies and how this impacts the use of baculovirus-insect cell systems for recombinant glycoprotein production. We also discuss the use of these models as baselines for metabolic engineering efforts leading to the development of new baculovirus-insect cell systems with humanized protein N-glycosylation pathways, which can be used to produce more authentic recombinant N-glycoproteins for drug development and other biomedical applications.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Responses and IgE-Associated Inflammation along the Respiratory Tract after Mucosal but Not Systemic Immunization (2001)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic responses, within the upper and lower respiratory tracts after intranasal immunization using the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with influenza virus vaccine combined with CT. The inclusion of the mucosal adjuvant CT clearly enhanced generation of antibody responses in both the nasal passages and lungs. After nasal immunization, antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-forming cells dominated antibody responses throughout the respiratory tract. However, IgG responses were significant in lungs but not in nasal passages. Furthermore, parenteral immunization did not enhance humoral immunity in the upper respiratory tract even after a nasal challenge, whereas extrapulmonary lymphoid responses enhanced responses in the lung. After nasal immunization, inflammatory reactions, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, developed within the lungs of mice but not in nasal passages. Lowering dosages of CT reduced, but did not eliminate, these adverse reactions without compromising adjuvancy. Serum IgE responses were also enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by inclusion of CT. In summary, there are differences in the generation of humoral immunity between the upper respiratory tract and the lung. As the upper respiratory tract is in a separate compartment of the immune system from that stimulated by parenteral immunization, nasal immunization is an optimal approach to generate immunity throughout the respiratory tract. Despite the promise of nasal immunization, there is also the potential to develop adverse immunopathologic reactions characterized by pulmonary airway inflammation and IgE production.
Wideband reflectors with zero-contrast gratings (2014)

We present wideband resonant reflectors designed with gratings in which the grating ridges are matched to an identical material, thereby eliminating local reflections and phase changes. This critical interface thus possesses zero refractive-index contrast; hence "zero-contrast gratings." We design reflectors with zero-contrast gratings and high-contrast gratings and compare the results. For simple gratings with two-part periods, we show that zero-contrast grating reflectors outperform comparable high-contrast grating reflectors. An example silicon-on-glass reflector exhibits a 99% reflectance bandwidth of ∼700 nm for zero refractive-index contrast Δn=0, whereas a high-contrast device with Δn=2 yields a bandwidth of ∼600 nm. It follows that local Fabry-Perot modes residing in the grating ridges and reflecting off a high-contrast interface are not the root cause of wideband reflection.
Efficient Visual Search of Videos Cast as Text Retrieval (2009)

We describe an approach to object retrieval which searches for and localizes all the occurrences of an object in a video, given a query image of the object. The object is represented by a set of viewpoint invariant region descriptors so that recognition can proceed successfully despite changes in viewpoint, illumination and partial occlusion. The temporal continuity of the video within a shot is used to track the regions in order to reject those that are unstable. Efficient retrieval is achieved by employing methods from statistical text retrieval, including inverted file systems, and text and document frequency weightings. This requires a visual analogy of a word which is provided here by vector quantizing the region descriptors. The final ranking also depends on the spatial layout of the regions. The result is that retrieval is immediate, returning a ranked list of shots in the manner of Google. We report results for object retrieval on the full length feature films 'Groundhog Day', 'Casablanca' and 'Run Lola Run', including searches from within the movie and specified by external images downloaded from the Internet. We investigate retrieval performance with respect to different quantizations of region descriptors and compare the performance of several ranking measures. Performance is also compared to a baseline method implementing standard frame to frame matching.
Reaction of Propiolactone with Aniline Derivatives (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Propiolactone with Aniline DerivativesCharles D. Hurd and Shin HayaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5889–5893Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (630 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Size-Selected (2−10 nm) Gold Nanoparticles for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization of Peptides (2005)

In this report, first use of size-selected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as matrixes for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is described for peptides and proteins. In comparison with conventional organic acid MALDI matrixes, the optimum matrix-to-analyte ratio with AuNP matrixes is reduced by 10-14 orders of magnitude. Significant differences in the relative abundances of the ions observed in positive and negative mode MALDI-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) are revealed as the AuNP size distribution is decreased from 10 to 2 nm, whereby 2-nm AuNPs exhibit quantum confinement effects prevalent in quantum dots. AuNP matrixes allow for selective analyte ionization, as demonstrated in the selective MALDI-TOFMS of phosphotyrosine in a background of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine peptides.
Thiophene und Selenophene aus α‐Propinyl‐carbonyl‐Verbindungen (1968)

Abstract Aus α‐[Propin‐(2)‐yl]‐β‐ketoestern, α‐[Propin‐(2)‐yl]‐diketonen und 5‐Oxo‐alkinen‐(1)entstehen in Gegenwart von H 2 S und HCl in Äthanol und Temp. unter 0° durch intramolekularen Ringschluß Thiophene ( 4 ); als Nebenreaktion kann auch Furanring‐Bildung eintreten ( 2 ). In die Reaktion lassen sich auch die entsprechenden Ketimoniumsalze einsetzen ( 7–9 → 4a, 6, 10 ). Mit H 2 Se entstehen unter den gleichen Bedingungen in geringer Ausbeute Selenophene, z. B. 11 . Die NMR‐ und Massenspektren der dargestellten Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
A microfluidics approach for the isolation of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) from the peripheral blood of pregnant women (2008)

The microfluidic device results in an approximate 10- to 20-fold enrichment of NRBCs over methods described previously. The reliability of isolation and the purity of the NRBC product have the potential to enable the subsequent application of molecular diagnostic assays.