gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Is Brain—Quantified (2005)

Background and Purpose— The phrase “time is brain” emphasizes that human nervous tissue is rapidly lost as stroke progresses and emergent evaluation and therapy are required. Recent advances in quantitative neurostereology and stroke neuroimaging permit calculation of just how much brain is lost per unit time in acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Systematic literature-review identified consensus estimates of number of neurons, synapses, and myelinated fibers in the human forebrain; volume of large vessel, supratentorial ischemic stroke; and interval from onset to completion of large vessel, supratentorial ischemic stroke. Results— The typical final volume of large vessel, supratentorial ischemic stroke is 54 mL (varied in sensitivity analysis from 19 to 100 mL). The average duration of nonlacunar stroke evolution is 10 hours (range 6 to 18 hours), and the average number of neurons in the human forebrain is 22 billion. In patients experiencing a typical large vessel acute ischemic stroke, 120 million neurons, 830 billion synapses, and 714 km (447 miles) of myelinated fibers are lost each hour. In each minute, 1.9 million neurons, 14 billion synapses, and 12 km (7.5 miles) of myelinated fibers are destroyed. Compared with the normal rate of neuron loss in brain aging, the ischemic brain ages 3.6 years each hour without treatment. Altering single input variables in sensitivity analyses modestly affected the estimated point values but not order of magnitude. Conclusions— Quantitative estimates of the pace of neural circuitry loss in human ischemic stroke emphasize the time urgency of stroke care. The typical patient loses 1.9 million neurons each minute in which stroke is untreated.
An optical SDN Controller for Transport Network virtualization and autonomic operation (2013)

This paper proposes an architecture for Software Defined Optical Transport Networks. The SDN Controller includes a network abstraction layer allowing the implementation of cognitive controls and policies for autonomic operation, based on global network view. Additionally, the controller implements a virtualized GMPLS control plane, offloading and simplifying the network elements, while unlocking the implementation of new services such as optical VPNs, optical network slicing, and keeping standard OIF interfaces, such as UNI and NNI. The concepts have been implemented and validated in a real testbed network formed by five DWDM nodes equipped with flexgrid WSS ROADMs.
Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber (2016)

Rigid endoscopes like graded-index (GRIN) lenses are known tools in biological imaging, but it is conceptually difficult to miniaturize them. In this letter, we demonstrate an ultra-thin rigid endoscope with a diameter of only 125 μm. In addition, we identify a domain where two-photon endoscopic imaging with fs-pulse excitation is possible. We validate the ultra-thin rigid endoscope consisting of a few cm of graded-index multi-mode fiber by using it to acquire optically sectioned two-photon fluorescence endoscopic images of three-dimensional samples.
Advances in Field Data Capturing to Optimize Asset Team Reservoir Development Decision Process (1998)

Abstract Historically, one of the more time wasting procedures within asset teams in oil companies have been the reporting, duplication and filing of data which is generated in field locations. The workflow typically in use will create many duplicates of data before it finally finds its way to the end destination. With the advances in communication, networking and database technology better solutions are available. We will propose a solution in which data is entered into a computer only once, at the field location, and then finds its way to the corporate database. Facilities and procedures need to be created to allow for quality control and data correction before data reaches the final destination.
Preparation of PMN-PT films by laser ablation method (1998)

Abstract Lead magnesium niobate titanate, (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thin films have been prepared on MgO substrate, Pt sheet and Si wafers at low temperatures of 450∼600°C by laser ablation method. PMN-PT thin films have preferential orientation of a-axis on MgO(100) and have (100), (200) and (110) orientations on Pt. Surface morphology of PMN-PT films on MgO has the spherical grain of size 100∼150nm. The leakage current of 500nm-thick 0.9PMN-0.1 PT film is not so small still, and about 10×5 A/cm2 at 2 V. Dielectric constants of 0.9 PMN-0.1 PT and 0.6 PMN-0.4 PT thin films are about 1,280 and 940 at 1 MHz and room temperature, respectively.
Cleavage of spermidine as the first step in deoxyhypusine synthesis. The role of NAD. (1990)

The biosynthesis of deoxyhypusine (N-(4-aminobutyl)lysine) occurs by the transfer of the 4-aminobutyl moiety of spermidine to a specific lysine residue in a precursor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4D (eIF-4D). Deoxyhypusine synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, was purified approximately 700-fold from rat testis. The Km values for the substrates, spermidine, the eIF-4-D precursor protein, and NAD+, were estimated as approximately 1, 0.08, and 30 microM, respectively. After incubation of partially purified enzyme with [1,8-3H]spermidine, NAD+, and the eIF-4D precursor, equal amounts of radioactivity were found in free 1,3-diaminopropane and in protein-bound deoxyhypusine. However, when the protein substrate (eIF-4D precursor) was omitted, radioactivity was found in 1,3-diaminopropane and in delta 1-pyrroline in nearly equal quantities, providing evidence that the cleavage of spermidine occurs, albeit at a slower rate, in the absence of the eIF-4D precursor. That NAD+, which is required for this reaction, functions as the hydrogen acceptor was demonstrated by the fact that radioactivity from spermidine labeled with 3H at position 5 is found in NADH as well as in delta 1-pyrroline. Transfer of this hydrogen from spermidine to the re face of the nicotinamide ring of NAD+, as determined by the use of dehydrogenases of known stereospecificity, defines the first step of deoxyhypusine synthesis as a pro-R, or A, stereospecific dehydrogenation. Based on these findings, an enzyme mechanism involving imine intermediate formation is proposed.
Three-dimensional modeling and visualization of the cochlea on the Internet (2000)

Three-dimensional (3-D) modeling and visualization of the cochlea using the World Wide Web (WWW) is an effective way of sharing anatomic information for cochlear implantation over the Internet, particularly for morphometry-based research and resident training in otolaryngology and neuroradiology. In this paper, 3-D modeling, visualization, and animation techniques are integrated in an interactive and platform-independent manner and implemented over the WWW. Cohen's template shape with mean cross-sectional areas of the human cochlea is extended into a 3-D geometrical model. Also, spiral computer tomography data of a patient's cochlea is digitally segmented and geometrically represented. The cochlear electrode array is synthesized according to its specification. Then, cochlear implantation is animated with both idealized and real cochlear models. Insertion length, angular position, and characteristic frequency of individual electrodes are estimated online during the virtual insertion. The optimization of the processing parameters is done to demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for clinical applications.
Deep-Vein Thrombosis and the Incidence of Subsequent Symptomatic Cancer (1992)

There is a statistically significant and clinically important association between idiopathic venous thrombosis and the subsequent development of clinically overt cancer, especially among patients in whom venous thromboembolism recurs during follow-up.
Chemoenzymatically synthesized multimeric Tn/STn MUC1 glycopeptides elicit cancer-specific anti-MUC1 antibody responses and override tolerance (2005)

The MUC1 mucin represents a prime target antigen for cancer immunotherapy because it is abundantly expressed and aberrantly glycosylated in carcinomas. Attempts to generate strong humoral immunity to MUC1 by immunization with peptides have generally failed partly because of tolerance. In this study, we have developed chemoenzymatic synthesis of extended MUC1 TR glycopeptides with cancer-associated O-glycosylation using a panel of recombinant human glycosyltransferases. MUC1 glycopeptides with different densities of Tn and STn glycoforms conjugated to KLH were used as immunogens to evaluate an optimal vaccine design. Glycopeptides with complete O-glycan occupancy (five sites per repeat) elicited the strongest antibody response reacting with MUC1 expressed in breast cancer cell lines in both Balb/c and MUC1.Tg mice. The elicited humoral immune response showed remarkable specificity for cancer cells suggesting that the glycopeptide design holds promise as a cancer vaccine. The elicited immune responses were directed to combined glycopeptide epitopes, and both peptide sequence and carbohydrate structures were important for the antigen. A MAb (5E5) with similar specificity as the elicited immune response was generated and shown to have the same remarkable cancer specificity. This antibody may hold promise in diagnostic and immunopreventive measures.
Bladder and Urethral Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis-Like Animal Model (1983)

Multiple sclerosis-like disease was induced in 18 rabbits by immunization with guinea pig spinal cord. The urodynamic studies conducted in the immunized rabbits showed a significantly lower maximal urethral pressure and a lower bladder capacity than those in the control group. We compared the urodynamic, clinical and histopathological parameters in the immunized rabbits. We conclude that the rabbit is an acceptable model for studying the bladder and urethral dynamics during various phases of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (multiple sclerosis-like disease).
Expression of Three Membrane-type Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Characterization of MT3-MMPs with and without Transmembrane Domain (1997)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were investigated. SMCs expressed three kinds of membrane-type MMP, MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP, and MT3-MMP, and the MT-MMP expression was stimulated by the presence of serum. MT3-MMP was characterized further by cloning its cDNA. A rat MT3-MMP cDNA encoding 607 amino acids and a cDNA for its transmembrane domainless variant MT3-MMP-del were cloned from a rat SMC cDNA library; a human MT3-MMP cDNA was cloned from a fetal brain cDNA library. Human brain MT3-MMP was similar but not identical to the previously reported human placenta MT3-MMP (94.4% homology). When the MT3-MMP cDNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, endogenous progelatinase A was processed to the mature form. The transfection of rat MT3-MMP-del efficiently converted progelatinase A to the intermediate form but not to the mature one, indicating that the transmembrane domain is important for the complete processing of progelatinase A to maturation. Both MT3-MMP-del and MT3-MMP hydrolyzed gelatin and casein, indicating their broad substrate specificity. Results of experiments with a synthetic MMP inhibitor suggested that MT3-MMP-del and MT3-MMP are rapidly degraded immediately after maturation. The present study suggests that multiple forms of MMPs including MT3-MMP are involved in the matrix remodeling of blood vessels.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CONUS VENOM PROTEIN (1976)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Organic Cation Transporters Modulate the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Picoplatin, a Third-Generation Platinum Analogue (2010)

Picoplatin, a third-generation platinum agent, is efficacious against lung cancers that are otherwise resistant or become refractory during platinum treatment. This effort was aimed at the determination of the influence of organic cation transporters 1, 2, and 3 (OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3) and their genetic variants on cellular uptake of picoplatin and on the individual components of the ensuing cytotoxicity such as DNA adduct formation. The effect of OCT1 on picoplatin pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy was determined using OCT knockout mice and HEK293 xenografts stably expressing OCT1. The uptake and DNA adduct formation of picoplatin were found to be significantly enhanced by the expression of the OCTs. Expression of OCT1 and OCT2, but not OCT3, significantly enhanced picoplatin cytotoxicity, which was reduced in the presence of an OCT inhibitor. Common reduced functional variants of OCT1 and OCT2 led to reduction in uptake and DNA adduct formation of picoplatin in comparison with the reference OCT1 and OCT2. Pharmacokinetic parameters of picoplatin in Oct1(-/-) and Oct1(+/+) mice were not significantly different, suggesting that the transporters do not influence the disposition of the drug. In contrast, the volume of OCT1-expressing xenografts in mice was significantly reduced by picoplatin treatment, suggesting that OCT1 may enhance the antitumor efficacy of picoplatin. These studies provide a basis for follow-up clinical studies that would seek to examine the relationship between the anticancer efficacy of picoplatin and expression levels of OCTs and their genetic variants in tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1058-69. (c)2010 AACR.
GENE AMPLIFICATION (1984)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Time history prediction of direct-drive implosions on the Omega facility (2016)

We present in this article direct-drive experiments that were carried out on the Omega facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Two different pulse shapes were tested in order to vary the implosion stability of the same target whose parameters, dimensions and composition, remained the same. The direct-drive configuration on the Omega facility allows the accurate time-resolved measurement of the scattered light. We show that, provided the laser coupling is well controlled, the implosion time history, assessed by the “bang-time” and the shell trajectory measurements, can be predicted. This conclusion is independent on the pulse shape. In contrast, we show that the pulse shape affects the implosion stability, assessed by comparing the target performances between prediction and measurement. For the 1-ns square pulse, the measured neutron number is about 80% of the prediction. For the 2-step 2-ns pulse, we test here that this ratio falls to about 20%.
Ultrasonic measurement of the elastic modulus of the common carotid artery. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. (1992)

Knowledge of the arterial wall elastic modulus and the parameters required for its determination can provide important insight into structural changes occurring within the arterial wall with age and sex, and possibly with the onset of very early arterial disease.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human gene (HSPBAP1) from human fetal brain (2001)

Rat PASS1 is a novel protein binding specifically to hsp27 and thus plays a role in regulating stress response in the living cell. Here we report on a human homologue of PASS1, encoded by the gene HSPBAP1. The gene was cloned and identified during a large-scale sequencing analysis of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The human protein shared 80% amino acid identity with rat PASS1. According to bioinformatics analysis, the HSPBAP1 gene is located on chromosome 3q21. RT-PCR analysis indicated that HSPBAP1 was abundant in thymus and pancreas but had a ubiquitously low expression pattern in other human adult tissues except for brain where it was absent.
Continuous‐flow single‐molecule CE with high detection efficiency (2007)

This paper describes the use of two-beam line-confocal detection geometry for measuring the total mobility of individual molecules undergoing continuous-flow CE separation. High-sensitivity single-molecule confocal detection is usually performed with a diffraction limited focal spot (approximately 500 nm in diameter), which necessitates the use of nanometer-sized channels to ensure all molecules flow through the detection volume. To allow for the use of larger channels that are a few micrometers in width, we employed cylindrical optics to define a rectangular illumination area that is diffraction-limited (approximately 500 nm) in width, but a few micrometers in length to match the width of the microchannel. We present detailed studies that compare the performance of this line-confocal detection geometry with the more widely used point-confocal geometry. Overall, we found line-confocal detection to provide the highest combination of signal-to-background ratio and spatial detection efficiency when used with micrometer-sized channels. For example, in a 2 microm wide channel we achieved a 94% overall detection efficiency for single Alexa488 dye molecules when a 2 microm x 0.5 microm illumination area was used, but only 34% detection efficiency with a 0.5 microm-diameter detection spot. To carry out continuous-flow CE, we used two-beam fluorescent cross-correlation spectroscopy where the transit time of each molecule is determined by cross-correlating the fluorescence registered by two spatially offset line-confocal detectors. We successfully separated single molecules of FITC, FITC-tagged glutamate, and FITC-tagged glycine.
Functional Involvement of Sciatic Nerve‐derived Versicanand Decorin‐like Molecules and other Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans in ECM‐mediated Cell Adhesion and Neurite Outgrowth (1995)

We have previously described two proteoglycans from human sciatic nerve which are immunochemically related to the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans versican and decorin. The chondroitin sulphate of the versican-like molecule and the core protein of the decorin-like molecule have been found previously to be up-regulated after lesioning the adult mouse sciatic nerve. To investigate if the versican- and decorin-like molecules are involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions, we studied the effect of both molecules on cell adhesion. The versican- and decorin-like molecules, substrate-coated in a mixture with fibronectin, but not with laminin or collagen types I or IV, inhibited the adhesion of several cell lines, neonatal dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells. The inhibitory activity was concentration-dependent and mediated by the chondroitin sulphate. Furthermore, when different proteoglycans were incubated with fibronectin, only the versican- and decorin-like molecules and the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan aggrecan, but not the heparan sulphate proteoglycan perlecan, were able to inhibit fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion. The versican- and decorin-like molecules, substrate-coated alone or in a mixture with fibronectin or laminin, were at most slightly inhibitory to neurite outgrowth from PC12 phaeochromocytoma cells and neonatal dorsal root ganglion neurons. In a solid-phase ligand-binding assay the versican- and decorin-like molecules interacted with fibronectin, but not with laminin or collagen types I and IV. Binding of the versican-like molecule to fibronectin and inhibition of cell adhesion by this molecule was mediated via the heparin and cell-binding domains of fibronectin. These observations suggest that binding of the two proteoglycans to fibronectin is involved in the modulation of adhesion of cells to fibronectin.
The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE. (2003)

Scientific and public concern exists about potential reproductive health effects of persistent chlorinated organic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the most stable daughter compound of DDT). To explore the hypothesis that environmental exposures to PCBs and DDE are associated with altered semen parameters, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 212 male partners of subfertile couples who presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory. Semen parameters were analyzed as both a continuous measure and dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values for sperm concentration (< 20 million/mL), motility (< 50% motile), and Kruger strict criteria for morphology (< 4% normal). The comparison group for the dichotomized analysis was men with all three semen parameters above the reference values. In serum, 57 PCB congeners and p,p -DDE were measured by congener-specific analysis using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. There were dose-response relationships among PCB-138 and sperm motility (odds ratio per tertile, adjusted for age, abstinence, and smoking, and p-value for trend were, respectively, 1.00, 1.68, 2.35, and p-value = 0.03) and morphology (1.00, 1.36, 2.53, p-value = 0.04). There was limited evidence of an inverse relationship between sum of PCBs, as well as those PCBs classified as cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers, with sperm motility and sperm morphology, as well as limited evidence of an inverse association between p,p -DDE and sperm motility. The lack of a consistent relationship among semen parameters and other individual PCB congeners and groupings of congeners may indicate a difference in spermatotoxicity between congeners.
Production Optimization through Coupled Facility/Reservoir Simulation (2006)

Abstract Proper field management for optimal performance of hydrocarbon reservoirs must capture the interdependence of the subsurface reservoir behavior and surface facility constraints. In this work we describe how full coupling improved development of a Saudi field by reducing water production by 30% while maintaining the target plateau for the required period of time. This was achieved by an iterative procedure that was able to devise an optimal producing strategy. The strategy involved time-dependent well production/injection rate allocations in response to field behavior. The strategy devised take into account production network constraints, network bottlenecks/under-utilization, and reservoir engineering complexities in producing three different reservoirs that make up the field. This work was realized by linking Saudi Aramco's in-house developed simulator (POWERS) with a commercially available surface network simulator (PE-GAP). The paper will highlight some of the major challenges in creating the link from engineering as well as from software/hardware perspectives. Due to this successful endeavor, the workflow will be applied to more fields. Furthermore connection to SCADA system for real-time monitoring is under developed.
Processing of Tumor-Associated Antigen by the Proteasomes of Dendritic Cells ControlsIn vivoT-Cell Responses (2006)

Dendritic cells are unique in their capacity to process antigens and prime naive CD8(+) T cells. Contrary to most cells, which express the standard proteasomes, dendritic cells express immunoproteasomes constitutively. The melanoma-associated protein Melan-A(MART1) contains an HLA-A2-restricted peptide that is poorly processed by melanoma cells expressing immunoproteasomes in vitro. Here, we show that the expression of Melan-A in dendritic cells fails to elicit T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo because it is not processed by the proteasomes of dendritic cells. In contrast, dendritic cells lacking immunoproteasomes induce strong anti-Melan-A T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the inefficient processing of self-antigens, such as Melan-A, by the immunoproteasomes of professional antigen-presenting cells prevents the induction of antitumor T-cell responses in vivo.