gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Videotex as a Marketing Problem (1983)

The capability for creating a service and the willingness of customers to pay for that service are not always related. Videotex is now in the transition from being driven by technology to being driven by the marketplace. As a new medium of communications, it will not create information, but it may add value to existing information by providing speed, selection, and interactivity. The degree to which the market will support that added value remains to be determined.
Antidepressant-like Effects of &delta; Opioid Receptor Agonists in Animal Models (2012)

Recently, δ opioid receptor agonists have been proposed to be attractive targets for the development of novel antidepressants. Several studies revealed that single treatment of δ opioid receptor agonists produce antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test, which is one of the most popular animal models for screening antidepressants. In addition, subchronic treatment with δ opioid receptor agonists has been shown to completely attenuate the hyperemotional responses found in olfactory bulbectomized rats. This animal model exhibits hyperemotional behavior that may mimic the anxiety, aggression, and irritability found in depressed patients, suggesting that δ opioid receptor agonists could be effective in the treatment of these symptoms in depression. On the other hand, prototype δ opioid receptor agonists produce convulsive effects, which limit their therapeutic potential and clinical development. In this review, we presented the current knowledge regarding the antidepressant-like effects of δ opioid receptor agonists, which include some recently developed drugs lacking convulsive effects.
Computationally optimized antigens to overcome influenza viral diversity (2012)

The world is facing an impending crisis and immediate threat. As the novel H1N1 outbreak of 2009 demonstrated, a pandemic influenza virus can emerge from almost any part of the world without warnin...
Insulin-Producing Cells from Adult Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Control Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Nude Mice (2013)

Harvesting, expansion, and directed differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could provide an autologous source of surrogate β-cells that would alleviate the limitations of availability and/or allogenic rejection following pancreatic or islet transplantation. Bone marrow cells were obtained from three adult type 2 diabetic volunteers and three nondiabetic donors. After 3 days in culture, adherent MSCs were expanded for two passages. At passage 3, differentiation was carried out in a three-staged procedure. Cells were cultured in a glucose-rich medium containing several activation and growth factors. Cells were evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry, immunolabeling, RT-PCR, and human insulin and c-peptide release in responses to increasing glucose concentrations. One thousand cell clusters were inserted under the renal capsule of diabetic nude mice followed by monitoring of their diabetic status. At the end of differentiation, ∼5-10% of cells were immunofluorescent for insulin, c-peptide or glucagon; insulin, and c-peptide were coexpressed. Nanogold immunolabeling for electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of c-peptide in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) expressed transcription factors and genes of pancreatic hormones similar to those expressed by pancreatic islets. There was a stepwise increase in human insulin and c-peptide release by IPCs in response to increasing glucose concentrations. Transplantation of IPCs into nude diabetic mice resulted in control of their diabetic status for 3 months. The sera of IPC-transplanted mice contained human insulin and c-peptide but negligible levels of mouse insulin. When the IPC-bearing kidneys were removed, rapid return of diabetic state was noted. BM-MSCs from diabetic and nondiabetic human subjects could be differentiated without genetic manipulation to form IPCs that, when transplanted, could maintain euglycemia in diabetic mice for 3 months. Optimization of the culture conditions are required to improve the yield of IPCs and their functional performance.
Expression cloning of the pancreatic beta cell receptor for the gluco-incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1. (1992)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone derived from the preproglucagon molecule and is secreted by intestinal L cells. It is the most potent stimulator of glucose-induced insulin secretion and also suppresses in vivo acid secretion by gastric glands. A cDNA for the GLP-1 receptor was isolated by transient expression of a rat pancreatic islet cDNA library into COS cells; this was followed by binding of radiolabeled GLP-1 and screening by photographic emulsion autoradiography. The receptor transfected into COS cells binds GLP-1 with high affinity and is coupled to activation of adenylate cyclase. The receptor binds specifically GLP-1 and does not bind peptides of related structure and similar function, such as glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or secretin. The receptor is 463 amino acids long and contains seven transmembrane domains. Sequence homology is found only with the receptors for secretin, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, which form a newly characterized family of G-coupled receptors.
Shallow impurities and δ-doping in quantum dot–quantum well systems (2001)

In the present work we study the defect states in recently synthesized semiconductor quantum dot–quantum well systems (QDQWs). We employ the effective-mass theory (EMT) with a realistic barrier and variable effective mass. The model is simple and all of our results are obtained by an exact numerical diagonalization of the Schrödinger equation. We study the ground state of the host system as a function of quantum well size. We demonstrate that the upshift with QDQW downsizing differs from reported upshifts in simple quantum dots (QDs) and explain this by means of a perturbative analysis. We study the binding energy of the hydrogenic impurity and its variation with QDQW size. Next the binding energy is studied as the impurity is moved off-centre. We find that the binding energy goes through a maximum. An analysis of the wavefunction is carried out to obtain an understanding of this surprising effect. The impurity calculations are carried out on CdS/HgS/CdS QDQWs. Recently, experimental studies on a monolayer of HgS in a CdS dot were carried out. We model this system as a `δ-defect' consisting of a thin spherical shell of fixed potential depth in a spherical CdS dot. The ground state of this system is studied as the shell is dragged from the periphery to the centre of the CdS dot. Our results are explained on the basis of qualitative arguments and asymptotic analyses. Outstanding issues and future directions are suggested.
Recent progress in O-glycosylation methods and its application to natural products synthesis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent progress in O-glycosylation methods and its application to natural products synthesisKazunobu Toshima and Kuniaki TatsutaCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 4, 1503–1531Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00020a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00020a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6987Altmetric-Citations1009LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formulation and Evaluation of Ketorolac Transdermal Systems (2007)

The effects of pressure-sensitive adhesives and vehicles on the in vitro permeation of ketorolac and in vivo pharmacokinetics were studied. Duro-Tak 87-2196 showed the highest in vitro permeation profiles, and propylene glycol monolaurate-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) (60:40, v/v) and propylene glycol monocaprylate-DGME (60:40, v/v) revealed the most favorable in vitro and in vivo results. The decreased Cmax and prolonged Tmax and half-life were obtained with the ketorolac transdermal systems compared with oral administration, indicating that the ketorolac transdermal systems may have a prolonged effect with reduced toxic event. There was an excellent relationship found between in vitro permeation flux and in vivo AUC0-infinity.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymers from Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2000)

A summary of the synthesis of hybrid materials composed of inorganic siloxanes and polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is given. Hydrosilation of vinyl or hydrosilyl terminal and pendant poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with an attachable initiator yielded macroinitiators for ATRP. Polymerization of styrene and (meth)acrylates resulted in triblock copolymers with increased molecular weights and reduced polydispersities. Low polydispersity living anionic PDMS was terminated with an attachable initiator containing a benzyl chloride moiety. ATRP of styrene from such a monofunctional macroinitiator resulted in formation of a block copolymer with well-defined segments. A tetrafunctional initiator was synthesized from a cyclotetrasiloxane core toward formation of star polymers by ATRP. Finally, a silsesquioxane initiator was used in styrene ATRP yielding a polymer with a bulky inorganic tail group.
Optimal texture map reconstruction from multiple views (2005)

The recovery of 3D models from multiple reference images involves not only the extraction of 3D shape, but also of texture. Assuming that all surfaces are Lambertian, the resulting final texture is typically computed as a linear combination of reference textures. This is, however, not the optimal means for reconstructing textures, since this does not model the anisotropy in the texture projection. Furthermore, the spatial image sampling may be quite variable within a fore-shortened surface. This also has important implications for computer vision techniques that involve analysis by synthesis and the image-based rendering (IBR) technique of view-dependent texture mapping (VDTM). Starting with sampling theory, we show how weights should be spatially distributed for optimal texture construction. The local weights take into consideration the effects of anisotropy and variable spatial image sampling. We also present experimental results to verify our analysis.
Constrained K-means Clustering with Background Knowledge (2001)

Clustering is traditionally viewed as an unsupervised method for data analysis. However, in some cases information about the problem domain is available in addition to the data instances themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate how the popular k-means clustering algorithm can be pro tably modi- ed to make use of this information. In experiments with arti cial constraints on six data sets, we observe improvements in clustering accuracy. We also apply this method to the real-world problem of automatically detecting road lanes from GPS data and observe dramatic increases in performance. 1.
Analysis of microchannels for integrated cooling (1992)

Recent advances in the precision machining of small channels have made possible the use of such micro-channels in ultra compact, very efficient heat exchangers, which capitalize on the channels' large surface area to volume ratio to transport high heat fluxes with small thermal resistances. For instance, such micro-channels can be fabricated right into the back of electronic chips to effectuate the cooling of these chips. In this paper, we analyze such heat exchangers by solving numerically a conjugate heat transfer problem consisting of the simultaneous determination of the temperature fields in both the solid substrate and the fluid. Additionally, we present a design algorithm for the selection of the heat exchanger's dimensions. Des progrès récents dans l'usinage précis de petits canaux ont rendus possibles l'utilisation de tels microcanaux dans des échangeurs thermiques extrêmement compacts, très efficaces qui permettent des flux thermiques très élevés avec des petites résistances thermiques. Par exemple, de tels microcanaux peuvent être réalisés directement sur l'arrière des chips électroniques pour permettre le refroidissement de ces chips. On analyse de tels échangeurs en résolvant numériquement un problème thermique conjugué qui consiste en la détermination simultanée des champs de température, à la fois dans le substrat solide et dans le fluide. En outre, on présente un algorithme de conception pour le choix des dimensions de l'échangeur thermique. Neue Fortschritte in der Herstellungsgenauigkeit von kleinen Kanälen machen die Verwendung solcher Mikrokanäle in ultrakompakten und hocheffizienten Wärmeübertragern möglich, die das groβe Verhältnis von Oberfläche zu Volumen ausnutzen um groβe Wärmestromdichten mit kleinen thermischen Widerständen zu transportieren. Solche Mikrokanäle können z. B. direkt in die Rückseite von elektronischen Chips eingearbeitet werden um die Kühlung dieser Chips zu verbessern. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden derartige Wärmeaustauscher durch numerische Behandlung des konjugierten Wärmeübergangsproblems untersucht, das in der simultanen Bestimmung der Temperaturfelder im festen Substrat und in Fluid besteht. Zusätzlich stellen wir einen Algorithmus zur Dimensionierung derartiger Wärmeaustauscher vor. Пocлeдниe дocтижeния в oблacти тoчнoй oбpaбoтки мaлыч кaнaлoв пoэвoлилн пpимeнять тaкиe микpoкaнaлы в cвepчкoмпaктныч выcoкoэффeктивныч тeплooбмeнникaч, кoгдa oтнoщeииe плoщaди пoвepчнocти кaнaлoв к oбьeмy вeликo, тaк чтo пepeиoc бoльщич тeплoвыч пoтoкoв ocyщecтвляeтcя c мaлыми тeплoвыми coпpoтивлeниями. B чacтиocти, тaкиe микpoкaнaлы мoгyг мoнтиpoвaтьcя нeпocpeдcтвeннo нa oбpaтнoй cтopoнe элeктpoниыч чипoв c цeлью ич oчлaждeния. B нacтoящeм иccлeдoвaнни paccмaтpивaeмыe тeплooбмeниики aнaлиэиpyютcя нa ocнoвe чиcлeннoгo peщeния coпpяжeннoй эaдaчн тeнлoпepeнoca, пoэвoляющeгo oпpeдeлить тeмпepaтypиыe пoля в твepдoй пoдлoжкe н жидкocти. Кpoмe тoгo, пpивoдитcя pacчeтный aлгopнтм для выбopa paэмepoв тeплooбмeнникoв.
Coronary Microvascular Adaptation to Myocardial Metabolic Demand Can Be Restored by Inhibition of Iron-Catalyzed Formation of Oxygen Free Radicals in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2002)

Dilation of coronary vessels is impaired in diabetic patients when myocardial metabolic demand is increased. Deferoxamine (DFX) restores a normal dilation of epicardial coronary arteries. To assess the effects of DFX on metabolic coronary microvascular dilation in type 2 diabetic patients, coronary blood flow was measured using intracoronary Doppler and quantitative angiography in 17 type 2 diabetic patients with normal coronary arteries and without any other coronary risk factors. Measurements were made at baseline and during a cold pressor test (CPT), before and after intravenous administration of DFX. With a similar rate-pressure product (RPP) increase during CPT before and after DFX (+21.1 +/- 8.7 vs. +20.5 +/- 8.9%, respectively), coronary blood flow increase was significantly enhanced after DFX (+31.8 +/- 16.7 vs. +6.3 +/- 12.9% before DFX, P < 0.001). Moreover, coronary resistance increased during CPT before DFX and decreased after DFX (+14.8 +/- 21.9 vs. -7.9 +/- 10.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). Lastly, the negative relationship between coronary blood flow and RPP before DFX (R = 0.546, P < 0.05) was changed in a positive relationship after DFX (R = 0.518, P < 0.05). In conclusion, in type 2 diabetic patients, inhibition of iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions by DFX restored dilation of the coronary microcirculation and a normal matching between myocardial metabolic demand and coronary blood flow.
Reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-diarylacrylonitriles by sodium borohydride (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of .alpha.,.beta.-diarylacrylonitriles by sodium borohydrideStuart S. Kulp and Craig B. CaldwellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1, 171–173Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01289a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (434 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surviving information warfare attacks on databases (2002)

We consider the problem of surviving information warfare attacks on databases. We adopt a fault tolerance approach to the different phases of an attack. To maintain precise information about the attack, we mark data to reflect the severity of detected damage as well as the degree to which the damaged data has been repaired. In the case of partially repaired data, integrity constraints might be violated, but data is nonetheless available to support mission objectives. We define a notion of consistency suitable for databases in which some information is known to be damaged, and other information is known to be only partially repaired. We present a protocol for normal transactions with respect to the damage markings and show that consistency preserving normal transactions maintain database consistency in the presence of damage. We present an algorithm for taking consistent snapshots of databases under attack. The snapshot algorithm has the virtue of not interfering with countermeasure transactions.
Inverse Scattering Solutions by a Sinc Basis, Multiple Source, Moment Method -- Part II: Numerical Evaluations (1983)

In part I, we presented a method for solving the inverse scattering problem using multiple sources and detectors. Allowance for multiple angles of incident radiation improves the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem by improving the quality and quantity of information gathered at detector points. This paper describes implementation and numerical evaluation of the method. An 11 by 11 image reconstructed from noisy scattered field data is shown to closely match the original scattering object, and the improvement possible by constraining the reconstruction to be spatially band limited is demonstrated. Furthermore, for a somewhat simpler "pseudo-inverse problem," we give findings on the effects that detector radius, degree of over determination, noise, and object contrast have on reconstruction quality.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Copper Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Ablation (2011)

Copper colloidal nanoparticles are obtained by laser ablation in aqueous solutions of ligands by nanosecond laser pulses at 532 and 1064 nm and examined by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. This fabrication method, besides providing SERS-active substrates without spectral interferences of reagents, as it generally occurs for the chemical reduction of metal ions, allows obtaining colloidal suspensions which are stable in time because the copper particles are capped by ligand molecules as long as they are formed by laser ablation. This prevents aggregation among metal nanoparticles and probably reduces overall oxidation of the copper surface.
Proliferative Stimulus of Lung Fibroblasts on Lung Cancer Cells Is Impaired by the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (2005)

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is highly expressed in lung tissue, especially at the site of the alveolar epithelium, but its expression is reduced in lung carcinomas. Because epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are suggested to contribute to cancer progression, we investigated the RAGE-dependent impact of fibroblasts on tumor cell growth. Cocultivation of human lung cancer cells (H358) with lung fibroblasts (WI-38) improved their proliferation in monolayer and spheroid culture models, the number of H358 cells in the S/G2 cell cycle phase increased, and there was less spontaneous cell death. Overexpression of full-length human RAGE reduced the proliferative stimulus of fibroblasts as seen in monolayers (cell number, cell cycle), spheroid cultures (spheroid size), and in a colony-forming assay compared with mock-transfected cells. Comparable results were observed by culturing H358 cells with and without RAGE overexpression in the presence of conditioned medium taken from WI-38 cells, or in response to selected growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor. Moreover, we clearly showed that the fibroblast-induced proliferation correlates with activation of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not with Akt kinase activation. On the basis of lung cancer as an age-related disease, we additionally proved the impact of senescent WI-38 fibroblasts. Here, we show that senescent fibroblasts improve H358 cell proliferation to the same extent as do presenescent fibroblasts. From our data, we conclude that re-expression of RAGE in lung cancer cells impairs the proliferative stimulus mediated by fibroblasts. Therefore, lung cancer progression may be enhanced by the RAGE downregulation in human lung carcinomas.
Multiple signalling systems controlling expression of luminescence in Vibrio harveyi: sequence and function of genes encoding a second sensory pathway (1994)

Density-dependent expression of luminescence in Vibrio harveyi is regulated by the concentration of extracellular signal molecules (autoinducers) in the culture medium. One signal-response system is encoded by the luxL,M,N locus. The luxL and luxM genes are required for the production of an autoinducer (probably beta-hydroxybutyl homoserine lactone), and the luxN gene is required for the response to that autoinducer. Analysis of the phenotypes of LuxL,M and N mutants indicated that an additional signal-response system also controls density sensing. We report here the identification, cloning and analysis of luxP and luxQ, which encode functions required for a second density-sensing system. Mutants with defects in luxP and luxQ are defective in response to a second autoinducer substance. LuxQ, like LuxN, is similar to members of the family of two-component, signal transduction proteins and contains both a histidine protein kinase and a response regulator domain. Analysis of signalling mutant phenotypes indicates that there are at least two separate signal-response pathways which converge to regulate expression of luminescence in V. harveyi.