gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Estimation of the Maximum of a Regression Function (1952)

Let $M(x)$ be a regression function which has a maximum at the unknown point $\theta. M(x)$ is itself unknown to the statistician who, however, can take observations at any level $x$. This paper gives a scheme whereby, starting from an arbitrary point $x_1$, one obtains successively $x_2, x_3, \cdots$ such that $x_n$ converges to $\theta$ in probability as $n \rightarrow \infty$.
Evidence for the multigenic inheritance of schizophrenia (2001)

Schizophrenia is assumed to have complex inheritance because of its high prevalence and sporadic familial transmission. Findings of linkage on different chromosomes in various studies corroborate this assumption. It is not known whether these findings represent heterogeneous inheritance, in which various ethnic groups inherit illness through different major gene effects, or multigenic inheritance, in which affected individuals inherit several common genetic abnormalities. This study therefore examined inheritance of schizophrenia at different genetic loci in a nationally collected European American and African American sample. Seventy-seven families were previously genotyped at 458 markers for the NIMH Schizophrenia Genetics Initiative. Initial genetic analysis tested a dominant model, with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, as the affected phenotype. The families showed one genome-wide significant linkage (Z = 3.97) at chromosome 15q14, which maps within 1 cM of a previous linkage at the alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene. Chromosome 10p13 showed suggestive linkage (Z = 2.40). Six others (6q21, 9q32, 13q32, 15q24, 17p12, 20q13) were positive, with few differences between the two ethnic groups. The probability of each family transmitting schizophrenia through two genes is greater than expected from the combination of the independent segregation of each gene. Two trait-locus linkage analysis supports a model in which genetic alleles associated with schizophrenia are relatively common in the general population and affected individuals inherit risk for illness through at least two different loci.
Liver grafts from CD39-overexpressing rodents are protected from ischemia reperfusion injury due to reduced numbers of resident CD4+ T cells (2012)

Hepatic CD4+ T cells, but not iNKT cells, play a critical role in early IRI following extended cold preservation in a liver transplant model.
Fluorometric determination of total mRNA with oligo(dT) immobilized on microtiter plates (1996)

We have developed a rapid and nonradioactive method of quantifying cytosolic mRNA from crude cell lysates by using plastic plates to which oligonucleotides containing poly(dT) sequences were previously immobilized. Captured mRNA on the plate was mixed with Yoyo-1 fluorescent indicator dye, and the resulting Yoyo-1 fluorescence of the mRNA-Yoyo-1 complex was measured in a fluorometer. Because Yoyo-1 signals were linearly increased in proportion to the amount of applied mRNA in the range 10-250 ng, the amount of mRNA in test samples can be determined by comparing their Yoyo-1 fluorescence with that of known concentrations of calibrator mRNA. Using this system, we found that the amount of cytosolic mRNA in undifferentiated U937 and HL-60 cells was 268.6 +/- 13.1 and 282.0 +/- 7.8 ng/10(6) cells, respectively, significantly (P < 0.01) more than that of phorbol ester-induced differentiated U937 and HL-60 cells (145.3 +/- 13.9 and 164.7 +/- 11.6), respectively. Therefore, the present system may be applicable to both medical molecular biology research and diagnostics.
Development of high-yield influenza B virus vaccine viruses (2016)

The burden of human infections with influenza A and B viruses is substantial, and the impact of influenza B virus infections can exceed that of influenza A virus infections in some seasons. Over the past few decades, viruses of two influenza B virus lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) have circulated in humans, and both lineages are now represented in influenza vaccines, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Influenza B virus vaccines for humans have been available for more than half a century, yet no systematic efforts have been undertaken to develop high-yield candidates. Therefore, we screened virus libraries possessing random mutations in the six "internal" influenza B viral RNA segments [i.e., those not encoding the major viral antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase NA)] for mutants that confer efficient replication. Candidate viruses that supported high yield in cell culture were tested with the HA and NA genes of eight different viruses of the Victoria and Yamagata lineages. We identified combinations of mutations that increased the titers of candidate vaccine viruses in mammalian cells used for human influenza vaccine virus propagation and in embryonated chicken eggs, the most common propagation system for influenza viruses. These influenza B virus vaccine backbones can be used for improved vaccine virus production.
Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases (2008)

According to the Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee (ADCC), between 14.7 and 23.5 million people in the USA – up to eight percent of the population are affected by autoimmune disease. Autoimmu
Chemische Modifizierung der Stärkeoberfläche. Einbau von Stärke in kovalente und thermoreversible Netzwerke aus synthetischen Polymeren (1983)

Abstract Um für die Stärke ein neues Anwendungsgebiet zu erschließen, wurden Methoden untersucht, die zu einer besseren Verträglichkeit der Stärke mit synthetischen Polymeren führen. Es werden präparative Wege beschrieben, die eine dichte Belegung der Stärkeoberfläche mit synthetischen Ketten über Urethanbindung erlauben, wobei die Kornstruktur erhalten bleibt. Die Eigenschaften der mit Polyethylenoxid verschiedener Länge beschichteten Stärke werden hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Ausbildung eines thermoreversiblen Netzwerks untersucht. Weitere Untersuchungen befassen sich mit Stärke als Füllstoff in einem covalenten Netzwerk von synthetischen Polymeren.
The Molecular Biology Database Collection: an updated compilation of biological database resources (2001)

The Molecular Biology Database Collection is an online resource listing key databases of value to the biological community. This Collection is intended to bring fellow scientists' attention to high-quality databases that are available throughout the world, rather than just be a lengthy listing of all available databases. As such, this up-to-date listing is intended to serve as the initial point from which to find specialized databases that may be of use in biological research. The databases included in this Collection provide new value to the underlying data by virtue of curation, new data connections or other innovative approaches. Short, searchable summaries of each of the databases included in the Collection are available through the Nucleic Acids Research Web site, at http://www. nar.oupjournals.org.
Network Coding for Distributed Storage Systems (2010)

Distributed storage systems provide reliable access to data through redundancy spread over individually unreliable nodes. Application scenarios include data centers, peer-to-peer storage systems, and storage in wireless networks. Storing data using an erasure code, in fragments spread across nodes, requires less redundancy than simple replication for the same level of reliability. However, since fragments must be periodically replaced as nodes fail, a key question is how to generate encoded fragments in a distributed way while transferring as little data as possible across the network. For an erasure coded system, a common practice to repair from a single node failure is for a new node to reconstruct the whole encoded data object to generate just one encoded block. We show that this procedure is sub-optimal. We introduce the notion of regenerating codes, which allow a new node to communicate <emphasis emphasistype="boldital" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions</emphasis> of the stored data from the surviving nodes. We show that regenerating codes can significantly reduce the repair bandwidth. Further, we show that there is a fundamental tradeoff between storage and repair bandwidth which we theoretically characterize using flow arguments on an appropriately constructed graph. By invoking constructive results in network coding, we introduce regenerating codes that can achieve any point in this optimal tradeoff.
Evaluation of two noninvasive techniques for exercise ventilatory measurements (1988)

The use of electrical impedance pneumography (EIP) and respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) for noninvasive ventilatory measurements during incremental cycle-ergometer stress testing was evaluated. In three normal subjects and two overweight subjects tidal volume as determined by either technique was linearly related to that resulting from a conventional pneumotachograph from rest to maximal exercise. In the overweight group, values obtained by EIP exhibited considerable variability, mainly as a result of increased motion artifacts. For these subjects, RIP appeared more reliable under the conditions of the present experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of mRNA for membrane-type 1, 2, and 3 matrix metalloproteinases in human laryngeal cancer. (2004)

MT1, MT2, and MT3-MMP play an important role in the progression of laryngeal cancer, and MT1-MMP may serve as a reliable marker in estimating invasive and metastatic potency of laryngeal cancer. Suppressing expressions of MT1, MT2, and MT3-MMP early may inhibit the invasion and metastases of laryngeal cancer.
Gene technology, characterization of insulin gene and the relationship to diabetes research. (1982)

The development and introduction of modern molecular biological methods was a prerequisite to the characterization of the insulin gene. The transfer of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin A and B chains as well as the naturally occurring rat insulin gene into bacteria opened possibilities to produce insulin in bacterial systems. Moreover, the structure of rat I and rat II insulin genes as well as human insulin gene were determined. Structural analysis of human insulin genes isolated from a human chromosomal gene library led to the identification of allelic variants of a single human insulin gene. The human insulin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11. The hypothesis that structurally abnormal insulin could play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus could be proved in clinical practice. Human insulin isolated from a diabetic patient showed an abnormality in the amino acid sequence and a decreased biological activity of the hormone. This finding demonstrates that in certain cases of diabetes mellitus the synthesis of structurally abnormal insulin due to a mutation in the insulin gene can be the cause for the development of relative insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia.
Biodistribution of (111)indium-labeled engineered human antibody CTMO1 in ovarian cancer patients: influence of protein dose. (1996)

Thirty-one patients suspected of having ovarian cancer received a single i.v. injection of radiolabeled (100 MBq (111)In) engineered human CTMO1 (hCTMO1) to investigate its potential as an internalizing drug carrier. hCTMO1 is a complementary-determining region-grafted human IgG4 monoclonal antibody recognizing an ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen, the MUC-1-gene product. The amount of radioactivity was determined in tumor tissue, various normal tissues, including liver biopsies, and blood samples obtained at laparotomy, 6 days after injection of either 0.1 or 1.0 mg hCTMO1/kg of body weight. Circulating antigen-15-3 was measurable in all patients before injection, and immune complex formation was already present at the end of infusion. In the 0.1 mg/kg group, most of the radioactivity was bound to immune complexes, whereas in the 1.0 mg/kg group, most was bound to IgG monomers. Increasing the hCTMO1 dose 10-fold did not influence the overall disappearance of (111)In from the blood, but the elimination half-life of (111)indium bound to immune complexes was increased 2-fold. Uptake in tumor tissue 6 days postinjection at the 0.1 mg/kg dose was 7.6 times higher (P = 0.0009) than in normal tissue and 2.5 times higher (P = 0.03) than in blood. At the 1.0 mg/kg dose, the uptake in tumor tissue was 14.0 times higher (P = 0.0003) than in normal tissue and 8.1 times higher (P = 0.0007) than in blood. Liver activity was substantial (23.7 +/- 10.5 and 18.3 +/- 6.7% of the injected dose/kg for the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg dose group, respectively). These results are superior to those found with other clinically tested anti-MUC-1 gene product antibodies. hCTMO1 seems to be a suitable carrier for cytotoxic agents in ovarian carcinoma patients; the better uptake results and tumor-to-blood ratios are obtained at the higher dose of 1.0 mg hCTMO1/kg body weight.
The airways pharmacology of DNK333, a potent, selective, non‐peptide dual NK1/NK2 receptor antagonist (2004)

Abstract The airways' pharmacology of DNK333 ((1R,3R,2E)‐N‐[3,4‐dichlorobenzyl)]‐4‐[(hexahydro‐2‐oxo‐1H‐azepin‐3‐yl)amino]‐N‐methyl‐3,5bis(trifluoromethyl) benzamide), a potent and selective dual NK 1 /NK 2 neurokinin receptor antagonist is described in the present paper. DNK333 bound with high and similar affinities to human NK 1 and NK 2 receptors. In guinea‐pig isolated trachea, DNK333 induced concentration‐dependent blockade of the contractile responses to NK 1 ‐ or NK 2 ‐receptor agonists. In anaesthetized guinea‐pigs, DNK333 shifted the bronchoconstrictor dose‐response curves induced by NK 1 ‐ and NK 2 ‐receptor agonists by 21.8‐ (3 mg/kg) and 6.8‐fold (10 mg/kg), respectively. At 10 mg/kg, a 12‐h duration of action was observed. Nasal perfusion of substance P and capsaicin to anaesthetized guinea‐pigs induced extravasation, which was inhibited dose‐dependently by DNK333 (ED 50 values 72 and 70 µg/kg, respectively). Exposure of conscious guinea‐pigs to 0.6 M citric acid resulted in cough and an increase in enhanced pause of respiratory function (Penh). Oral administration of DNK333 (0.3, 3, or 10 mg/kg, −2 h) inhibited cough by 62, 63, and 82%, respectively and the increase in Penh by 85.5 and 77.2% (3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively). Bronchoconstrictor responses in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs to intravenous injections of methacholine and substance P were increased 60 min after LPS challenge (1 mg/kg, i.v.). DNK333 (1 and 10 mg/kg) dosed intraduodenally 30 min prior to LPS challenge inhibited airway hyperreactivity in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, DNK333 is a potent, orally bioavailable, dual NK 1 /NK 2 receptor antagonist with a long duration of action. It inhibits bronchoconstriction, extravasation, cough, and airway hyperreactivity induced by endogenous release of neuropeptides, which renders DNK333 suitable for exploring the role of tachykinins in respiratory disease. Drug Dev Res 63:161–173, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EM-800, a Novel Antiestrogen, Acts as a Pure Antagonist of the Transcriptional Functions of Estrogen Receptors and (1998)

Estrogens act as potent mitogens in a large number of breast cancers, and the use of estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists is, therefore, considered the endocrine therapy of choice in the management of this disease. We describe the molecular properties of EM-652, the active metabolite of EM-800, a novel nonsteroidal antiestrogen compound, on the transcriptional functions of ERα and ERβ. Using RT-PCR, we show that ERα and ERβ are expressed in mouse mammary glands, suggesting that both receptors should be considered putative targets for antiestrogen action in the breast. In cotransfection assays using a synthetic estrogen-responsive promoter, EM-652 shows no agonistic activity on ERα and ERβ transcriptional function and blocks the estradiol (E2)-mediated activation of both ERα and ERβ. EM-652 is also very effective in abrogating E2-stimulated ERα and ERβ trans-activation of the pS2 promoter in HeLa cells. EM-652 does not alter binding of ERα and ERβ to DNA. The Ras-mediated induction of ERα and ERβ transcriptional activity in the presence of E2 is also completely abolished by EM-652. In addition, EM-652 blocks the E2-dependent activation of ERα and ERβ by the steroid hormone receptor coactivator-1 as well as the in vitro interaction between SRC-1 and the ligand-binding domains of both ERs. These results demonstrate that the novel antiestrogen EM-800 fully impedes AF-1 and AF-2 activities of ERα and ERβ and can, therefore, be considered a potent and pure antagonist of both ER subtypes.
A spontaneous rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/l mice. (1982)

MRL/l mice spontaneously develop an arthritis very similar in many respects to human rheumatoid arthritis. A detailed morphologic and serologic analysis of this disease revealed the following: (a) a 75% incidence of synovial and periarticular inflammation, very similar to human rheumatoid arthritis, in 5-6 mo-old females, (b) close associations between presence of joint inflammation and subsynovial and/or periarticular vasculitis, and (c) a close correlation between presence of circulating IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and demonstrable synovial and/or joint pathology, i.e., 95% of mice with significant levels of IgMRF had synovitis and/or arthritis.
Relationship between Rewards and Employee Creativity in Advertising Agencies (2019)

Based on the review of recent research results, total rewards and employee creativity are defined. Furthermore, relevant hypotheses about the relationship between total rewards and employee creativity in advertising agencies are put forward. Based on data collected from 200 employees in advertising agencies, the regression analysis, diagnostic test and robustness test of the data between creativity and tangible rewards were made. Total reward has a significant positive impact on employee creativity in both tangible and intangible dimensions, and intangible rewards have a stronger impact on employee creativity than tangible rewards. And results also revealed that there is a U-shaped relationship between tangible rewards and employee creativity in the advertising agencies.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the KS1/4 epithelial carcinoma marker. (1989)

The mAb KS1/4 recognizes a novel cell surface glycoprotein on a variety of epithelial carcinomas which may be a useful target Ag for antibody-directed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a full length cDNA clone coding for the KS1/4 Ag, as well as, physical and biochemical studies on the antigen derived from an adenocarcinoma of the lung cell line. Affinity purification of the KS1/4 Ag reveals three glycosylated species by NaDodSO4 PAGE with molecular weights of 42, 40, and 35 kDa. The 42- and 40-kDa species are similar at the protein level, differing by their degree of glycosylation, and the 35-kDa protein results from a dibasic proteolytic cleavage of the larger m.w. species. Although both the 42- and 40-kDa forms are found on the cell surface, the 40-kDa protein appears to be the predominant species. A cDNA clone containing the complete KS1/4 coding sequence and the 5'- and 3'-non-translated regions was isolated from a library constructed from the human adenocarcinoma of the lung derived cell line, UCLA-P3. The cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 314 amino acids which includes a putative signal sequence of 23 amino acids. Northern blot analysis shows a single RNA species of 1.5-kb. Sequence analysis of the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the KS1/4 cDNA revealed homologies to known proto-oncogenes and inflammatory mediators.
Genetically engineered pre-microRNA-34a prodrug suppresses orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (2016)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) replacement therapy represents a new treatment strategy. This study was to define the effectiveness and safety profiles of a novel bioengineered miR-34a prodrug in orthotopic OS xenograft tumor mouse model. Highly purified pre-miR-34a prodrug significantly inhibited the proliferation of human 143B and MG-63 cells in a dose dependent manner and to much greater degrees than controls, which was attributed to induction of apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of OS cell growth and invasion were associated with release of high levels of mature miR-34a from pre-miR-34a prodrug and consequently reduction of protein levels of many miR-34a target genes including SIRT1, BCL2, c-MET, and CDK6. Furthermore, intravenous administration of in vivo-jetPEI formulated miR-34a prodrug significantly reduced OS tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, mouse blood chemistry profiles indicated that therapeutic doses of bioengineered miR-34a prodrug were well tolerated in these animals. The results demonstrated that bioengineered miR-34a prodrug was effective to control OS tumor growth which involved the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, supporting the development of bioengineered RNAs as a novel class of large molecule therapeutic agents.
Studies on Selectin Binding Inhibitors: Synthesis of Sialyl-Lewis X and Sialyl-Lewis A Epitope Analogs Containing 2-Acetamido Derivative ofN-Methyl-1-Deoxynojirimycin1 (1996)

Abstract Synthesis of sialyl-Lewis x (15) and sialyl-Lewis a (17) epitope analogs containing the 2-acetamido derivative of N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin has been achieved. A suitably protected 2-acetamido- 1-deoxynojirimycin derivative 5, prepared from 1-deoxynojirimycin via the epoxide intermediate 3, was successively coupled with methyl- 1-thioglycosides of L-fucose (6) and β-sialyl-(2→3)-D-galactose (9). The resulting tetrasaccharides (10 and 13) were each converted, by reductive N-methylation and deprotection, into the desired epitope analogs.
Electrical fixing of photorefractive holograms in Sr_075Ba_025Nb_2O_6 (1993)

Photorefractive holograms stored in Sr(0.75)Ba(0.25)Nb(2)O(6) crystals are electrically fixed at room temperature. The fixed holograms can be read out directly or after a positive-voltage pulse is applied that can dramatically enhance the diffraction efficiency. Single gratings as well as images are recorded and fixed.
Heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay (1991)

Immunoassays have found widespread use in the detection and measurement of a near limitless range of analytes in clinical chemistry, microbiology and many other fields. Their utility stems from the fact that most analytes of interest are either antigens or antibodies (themselves) and antibodies can be generated against them which have high discriminatory powers (specificity) and high affinity constants.KeywordsEnzyme ImmunoassayLabel AntibodyImmunometric AssayCompetitive AssayEnzyme LabelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Ieodoglucomides A and B from a Marine-Derived BacteriumBacillus licheniformis (2012)

Ieodoglucomides A (1) and B (2), unique glycolipopeptides consisting of an amino acid, a new fatty acid, a succinic acid, and a sugar, were isolated from a Marine-derived bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 and 2 was determined by deploying coupling constants, Marfey's and Mosher's methods, and literature reviews. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate in vitro antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, ieodoglucomide B (2) exhibited cytotoxic activity against lung cancer and stomach cancer cell lines with GI(50) values of 25.18 and 17.78 μg/mL, respectively.