gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiadhesive Effect of the Mixed Solution of Sodium Hyaluronate and Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (2007)

Background We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of the mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) for prevention of adhesion after endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were graded. At the completion of surgery, HA-CMC was applied to Merocel and repeatedly applied after the removal of Merocel. As a control, normal saline was applied. Endoscopic examination was performed postoperatively and grading was done. Results The rate of adhesion was the highest at 2 weeks postoperatively and was significantly lower in the HA-CMC–treated group than the control on all postoperative days. The grouping of cases by CT scores at 2 weeks postoperatively showed lower adhesion formation with the HA-CMC treatment than the control. The safety profile of the patients was normal at 4 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion HA-CMC is an efficacious and safe material in decreasing the incidence of adhesion after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Amphidynamic Character of Crystalline MOF-5:  Rotational Dynamics of Terephthalate Phenylenes in a Free-Volume, Sterically Unhindered Environment (2008)

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have been the focus of much interest within the context of hydrogen storage and other materials applications. With static metal clusters linked by axially substituted organic spacers capable of experiencing internal rotations, MOFs are one of the most promising amphidynamic materials to investigate and exploit the dynamics of crystalline solids. In this communication we report an experimental study of the rotational dynamics of the 1,4-phenylenedicarboxylate bridge of MOF-5, which has no steric contacts that might contribute to the rotational barrier. Highly reproducible 1H T1 relaxation, high-resolution 13C CPMAS, and variable temperature quadrupolar echo 2H NMR data were obtained from high quality samples that were sealed at reduced pressure (ca. 3 mTorr). 2H NMR line shape simulation revealed an activation barrier for rotation of 11.3 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, which is lower than the 14−16 kcal/mol values reported in theoretical studies of truncated models. While our results suggest that the models used for MOF-5 are insufficient to account for the properties of the extended crystal lattice, they also suggest that the amphidynamic materials with static and dynamic components may reach the friction-free rotational motion characteristic of gas dynamics.
Induction of in vitro graft-versus-leukemia activity following bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia (1990)

We studied the in vitro effects of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from the peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). LAK cells were generated by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients post-BMT with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) (500 U/mL) in 10% AB serum for 7 days. They were phenotyped and tested for activity in a standard 4-hour 51Cr release assay (n = 37) and in a CFU-GM assay (n = 24). We found that the LAK cells were mainly activated natural killer cells, but some were CD3+ T cells. In the 51Cr release assay LAK cells from 20 of 33 (61%) allogeneic and 2 of 4 syngeneic recipients killed recipient CML cells and in 22 of 37 (60%) cases also killed the HLA disparate CML cells. In the CFU-GM assay the LAK cells incubated together with the CML cells in liquid culture before plating inhibited (P less than .05) colony growth in 16 of 22 allogeneic and 2 of 2 syngeneic recipients. Cell-cell contact was necessary for optimal effect. There was little or no inhibition of proliferation of donor marrow CFU-GM. This in vitro graft-versus- leukemia (GVL) effect could also be demonstrated after LAK effectors were depleted of CD3+ T cells. It was inducible in recipients of both T cell-depleted and T cell-replete donor marrow and in recipients with or without graft-versus-host disease. These results suggest that a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted GVL effect is inducible following allogeneic and syngeneic BMT. The use of IL-2/LAK cells after BMT could reduce the risk of relapse.
<title>Novel high-resolution large-field scan-and-repeat projection lithography system</title> (1991)

A new projection lithography system is described for patterning ultra-high-density semiconductor integrated circuits. The system provides both the fine resolution and the large field size necessary for imaging the chips of the future device generations--64 Mb, 256 Mb, and beyond. The combined capabilities of high resolution and large image field are achieved by a novel scan-and-repeat exposure mechanism. Exposure of image fields as large as several inches across, while maintaining sub-half-micron resolution, is made possible by a 'seamless' scanning technique. Moreover, the above performance is achieved with today's state-of-the-art reduction lenses, thus overcoming a formidable limitation in the advancement of current optical lithography tools. The system described here can be configured with both an excimer laser source and a non-laser (lamp) source. As an example, a machine design is presented that uses a deep-ultraviolet excimer laser source, achieves the resolution and field-size performance described above, and delivers a wafer exposure throughput in the vicinity of 100 (150 mm) or 75 (200 mm) wafers/hour. These throughputs are not only several times greater than the throughput available with any other optical lithography tool. In addition to high- resolution semiconductor chip lithography, this scan-and-repeat concept is also attractive in a variety of other applications, such as flat-panel displays and electronic packaging, where seamless exposure of large areas not limited by the constraints of optical imaging systems is desirable.
Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: Comparison of diffusion‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and spectroscopy (1990)

Diffusion-weighted MR images were compared with T2-weighted MR images and correlated with 1H spin-echo and 31P MR spectroscopy for 6-8 h following a unilateral middle cerebral and bilateral carotid artery occlusion in eight cats. Diffusion-weighted images using strong gradient strengths (b values of 1413 s/mm2) displayed a significant relative hyperintensity in ischemic regions as early as 45 min after onset of ischemia whereas T2-weighted spin-echo images failed to clearly demonstrate brain injury up to 2-3 h postocclusion. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) of ischemic to normal tissues were greater in the diffusion-weighted images at all times than in either TE 80 or TE 160 ms T2-weighted MR images. Diffusion- and T2-weighted SIR did not correlate for the first 1-2 h postocclusion. Good correlation was found between diffusion-weighted SIR and ischemic disturbances of energy metabolism as detected by 31P and 1H MR spectroscopy. Diffusion-weighted hyperintensity in ischemic tissues may be temperature-related, due to rapid accumulation of diffusion-restricted water in the intracellular space (cytotoxic edema) resulting from the breakdown of the transmembrane pump and/or to microscopic brain pulsations.
Self-Care and the Qualitative Researcher: When Collecting Data Can Break Your Heart (2005)

Conducting qualitative research on topics that are emotionally laden can have a powerful impact on the researcher. Recent literature addresses the essential nature of the emotional connection that must be part of the qualitative research process. However, for the most part, it neglects the issue of self-care strategies for the researcher that are appropriate under these circumstances. Based on the author’s experience in researching the self-directed learning of breast cancer patients and on the limited literature that is available, this article addresses these important topics and calls for increased awareness of these issues and their significance in the preparation of novice researchers.
On the Wardie and Granton series of sandstones and shales (1877)

The series of rocks comprising what are known as the Wardie Shales and Granton Sandstones have long been familiar to geologists. Even before any attempt had been made to describe them stratigraphically—and indeed very little has yet been done in this direction by any of our local geologists—the attention of geologists had been directed to them from the interesting character of their organic remains. Maclaren, in his admirable work, ‶The Geology of Fife and the Lothians,″ only notices them in one or two general sections across the district; nor can we expect much local detail in a work which embraces the geology of so large an extent of country. The first attempt to connect the strata of the district by tracing their course inland is to be found in the ‶Memoir of the Geological Survey of the Neighbourhood of Edinburgh,″ sheet 32, by Messrs Howell and Geikie; but it is evident the same remark applies to this work as to Maclaren’s, namely, that the limited space at their command did not admit of a more detailed description of the beds. Nor can we find fault with this, provided the description is in the main correct. In dealing with these rocks, I shall begin by describing a series of transverse sections of the district, and by tracing the beds inland, attempt to connect the different sections, and show the relation of the whole series from bottom to top. Beginning with the north end of the district, along the shore from Granton
A CMOS Image Sensor With In-Pixel Two-Stage Charge Transfer for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2009)

A CMOS image sensor for time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging with subnanosecond time resolution is presented. In order to analyze the fluorescence lifetime, the proposed CMOS image sensor has two charge transfer stages using a pinned photodiode structure in which the first charge transfer stage is for the time-resolved sifting of fluorescence in all the pixels simultaneously and the second charge transfer stage is for reading the signals in each pixel sequentially with correlated double sampling operation. A 0.18-mum CMOS image sensor technology with a pinned photodiode process option is used for the implementation of a 256 times 256 CMOS image sensor. The decaying images and lifetimes of fura-2 solutions having different concentrations are successfully measured with a 250-ps time step using the CMOS image sensor and ultraviolet laser diode as a light source.
Highly Efficient Single‐Layer Polymer Electrophosphorescent Devices (2004)

A commercially available Ir complex has been employed for the preparation of highly efficient (see Figure) single‐layer phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes by use of appropriate thermal treatment and proper adjustment of the layer composition. These devices exhibit essentially no dependence of the driving field on the concentration of the Ir complex, suggesting that the build‐up of space‐charge in the layer is insignificant.
Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels (2009)

This study focused on identifying the sex of lake sturgeon by measuring the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the phosphoprotein vitellogenin (Vtg) in blood plasma by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and evaluating these techniques as tools in lake sturgeon population management. Surveys of the St Clair River (SCR) lake sturgeon population have characterized it as rebounding by having steady or increasing recruitment since 1997. However, researchers have not been able to effectively determine the sex for most of the sturgeon they capture because few fish caught during surveys are releasing gametes. A total of 115 fish were sampled from May through June in 2004 and 2005 from the SCR, Michigan, USA. Of these, only four females and eight males were verified (i.e. they were releasing gametes at time of capture), resulting in very few fish with which to validate blood hormone and Vtg biomarkers of sex. Fifty-six percent of the fish were assigned a sex designation based on biomarker criteria. Correspondence between actual gonadal sex and biomarker-directed classification was good for the small subset of fish for which gonadal sex was definitively determined. Moreover, application of the steroid values in a predictive sex assignment model developed for white sturgeon misclassified only the same two fish that were misclassified with the steroid and Vtg biomarkers. The experimental results suggest a sex ratio of 1 : 2.7 (F:M), however more conclusive methods are needed to confirm this ratio because so few fish were available for sex validation. Of the 43 males, 14 were within the legal slot limit, 11 were smaller than 1067 mm total length (TL), and 18 were larger than 1270 mm TL. All 15 females were larger than 1270 mm TL, and thus protected by the slot limit criteria. Considering that lake sturgeon are threatened in Michigan, an advantage to using blood plasma assays was that fish were not harmed, and sample collection was quick, simple, and inexpensive. However, because a sufficiently large number of fish could not be validated for gonadal sex due to handling restrictions given the fish’s protected status, assignment of sex is not based on a robust multi-variate model. An immediate alternative may be to use other non-invasive field methods (e.g. ultrasound, fiber-optic endoscope) to provide a more timely classification while establishing well-validated plasma hormone and Vtg-based predictive models for sex assignment of lake sturgeon.
Interleukin-6 is a potent thrombopoietic factor in vivo in mice (1989)

To determine the biologic activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis in vivo, the cytokine was administered intraperitoneally to mice every 12 hours at varying doses for five days or for varying time intervals, based on the kinetic analysis of IL-6 serum levels indicating the peak of 40 minutes following injection, with no detection at 150 minutes. A dose-response experiment showed that IL-6 increased platelet counts in a dose-dependent fashion at a plateau stimulation level of 5 micrograms. Administration of 5 micrograms of IL-6 reproducibly elevated platelet counts at five days by approximately 50% to 60% of increase. Moreover, a striking increase in megakaryocytic size in response to IL-6 was elicited by the treatment, but no change in megakaryocyte numbers; whereas IL-6 administration did not expand CFU-MK numbers. The in vivo studies in this manner had negligible effects on other hematologic parameters, with the minor exception of monocyte levels. These data show that IL-6 acts on maturational stages in megakaryocytopoiesis and promotes platelet production in vivo in mice, suggesting that IL-6 functions as thrombopoietin.
Hsp70 regulates the interaction between the peroxisome targeting signal type 1 (PTS1)-receptor Pex5p and PTS1 (2001)

The peroxisome targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) receptor, Pex5p, of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motif family is located mostly in the cytosol and mediates the translocation of PTS1 proteins to peroxisomes. As a step towards understanding the mechanisms of protein import into peroxisomes, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in PTS1 recognition by Pex5p with regard to requirement of energy and cytosolic factors, using cell-free synthesized acyl-CoA oxidase (AOx) as a PTS1 cargo protein, together with Pex5p and heat-shock protein (Hsp)70 from rat liver. Pex5p was partly associated with peroxisomes of rat liver, was resistant to washing with a high concentration of salt and to alkaline extraction and was inaccessible to protease added externally. Pex5p bound to AOx in an ATP-dependent manner. AOx synthesized in a cell-free translating system from rabbit reticulocyte lysate was imported into peroxisomes without being supplemented with Pex5p and Hsp70, implying that peroxisome-associated Pex5p was released from the membranes and functional in this in vitro import assay. Antibodies against Pex5p and Hsp70 inhibited AOx import. In contrast, AOx synthesized in a wheat-germ lysate required the external addition of Pex5p for import, in which Hsp70 augmented the AOx import. The TPR domain of Pex5p was revealed to bind to the N-terminal part in an Hsp70-independent manner, whereas mutual interaction of the TPR region was noted in the presence of Hsp70. Hsp70 interacted with the TPR domain of Pex5p. Moreover, Hsp70 and ATP synergistically enhanced the binding of Pex5p to the C-terminal PTS1-containing part of AOx, implying that Pex5p recognizes its cargo PTS1 protein by chaperone-assisted as well as energy-dependent mechanisms in vivo.
Polymer-controlled drug delivery systems (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-controlled drug delivery systemsRobert LangerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 10, 537–542Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00034a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00034a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3317Altmetric-Citations167LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-term therapy with policosanol improves treadmill exercise-ECG testing performance of coronary heart disease patients. (1998)

This study examined the effects of long-term lipid-lowering therapy with policosanol on the clinical evolution, and exercise-ECG testing responses of 45 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with myocardial ischemia, documented by exercise 201T1-myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, in an overall randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, made for different test endpoints. Fifteen patients were treated with 5 mg of policosanol twice daily; another 15 patients were administered the same drug dose plus 125 mg aspirin; and the other 15 patients received placebo plus equal aspirin dose. They were followed for 20 months, previous baseline observations, with treadmill exercise-ECG, besides serum lipid test. Beneficial changes on proportions among the 2 policosanol groups and the placebo group, showed an increment on functional capacity class, a decrement on rest and exercise angina, and a significant decrease in cardiac events, and in ischemic ST segment response, especially in the policosanol plus aspirin group (p = 0.05, X2(2df) = 5.8; p = 0.04, p = 0.02; Fisher). After treatment, sets of mean changes revealed an increase on maximum oxygen uptake, and a decline on double product simultaneously in both policosanol groups (p < or = 0.02, p < or = 0.002; Pillais, Hotellings' T2), while the placebo group was impaired. Aerobic functional capacity percent showed an increment in policosanol groups (p < or = 0.05, paired T). Lipid levels improved as other endpoints already reported. A supposed ergogenic effect of octacosanol, policosanol's main active compound, was not detected with this design. These results show that policosanol-treated CHD patients improved clinical evolution, and exercise-ECG responses, owing to the amelioration of myocardial ischemia, even more when administered with aspirin.
Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospitals (2004)

Hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a grave and growing threat to public health. Antimicrobial cycling, in which two or more antibiotic classes are alternated on a time scale of months to years, seems to be a leading candidate in the search for treatment strategies that can slow the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance in hospitals. We develop a mathematical model of antimicrobial cycling in a hospital setting and use this model to explore the efficacy of cycling programs. We find that cycling is unlikely to reduce either the evolution or the spread of antibiotic resistance. Alternative drug-use strategies such as mixing, in which each treated patient receives one of several drug classes used simultaneously in the hospital, are predicted to be more effective. A simple ecological explanation underlies these results. Heterogeneous antibiotic use slows the spread of resistance. However, at the scale relevant to bacterial populations, mixing imposes greater heterogeneity than does cycling. As a consequence, cycling is unlikely to be effective and may even hinder resistance control. These results may explain the limited success reported thus far from clinical trials of antimicrobial cycling.
Wandering and dementia (2014)

Wandering represents one of many behavioural problems occurring in people with dementia. To consider the phenomenon of wandering behaviour in demented patients, we conducted searches using Medline and Google Scholar to find relevant articles, chapters, and books published since 1975. Search terms used included 'wandering', 'behavioural and psychological symptoms', 'dementia', 'nursing', and 'elopements'. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. The term 'wandering' covers different types of behaviour, including aimless movement without a discernible purpose. It is associated with a variety of negatives outcomes. The aetiology of wandering is poorly understood and it remains an unsolved riddle. Wandering is an acutely distressing problem worldwide, both for the patients and caregivers, and it is a major reason for nursing home admission. Evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is limited. It is possible that management of coexistent psychopathology would help to ameliorate this problematic behavioural disorder.