gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanomolar Quantification and Identification of Various Nitrosothiols by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Flow Reactors of Metals and Griess Reagent (1997)

Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs) appear to be critically involved in various signal transduction mechanisms. We describe here a specific and highly sensitive quantification method for RS-NOs by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with a flow reactor system. RS-NOs were applied to an HPLC system of C18-reverse phase or a gel filtration column and eluted with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) plus 0.5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid with or without either 0-7% methanol or 0.15 M NaCl. The eluate from the HPLC column was mixed with a solution containing 1.75 mM HgCl2 or 1.75 mM CuSO4 for RS-NO decomposition in a reaction coil via a three-way connector. NO2- generated via the metal-induced RS-NO decomposition was then reacted with Griess reagent, which was infused through a second three-way connector, yielding a diazo-compound detected at 540 nm. In a separate experiment, a copper particle-loaded column was used for RS-NO degradation instead of the metal-ion flow reactor. In all RS-NOs tested, i.e., nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), nitroso-L-cysteine, and nitrosoalbumin, the nitroso- group was converted to NO2- by the Hg2+-reaction system as well as copper-loaded column, and the recovery was almost 100%. The Cu2+-solution flow reaction system, however, yielded only 30% recovery of RS-NOs as NO2-. Also, the RS-NOs could be identified at nanomolar concentrations: detection limit, 3.0 nM in a 150-microl aliquot. These RS-NOs showed well-resolved elution profiles even in the presence of NO2- and NO3-. More importantly, biological generation of GS-NO was quantitatively demonstrated with RAW264 cells in culture incorporating free GSH in the medium. In conclusion, our novel RS-NO assay will be useful to examine the formation and functions of RS-NOs in biological systems.
Blending of nanoscale and microscale in uniform large-area sculptured thin-film architectures (2003)

The combination of large thickness ($>3$ $\mu$m), large--area uniformity (75 mm diameter), high growth rate (up to 0.4 $\mu$m/min) in assemblies of complex--shaped nanowires on lithographically defined patterns has been achieved for the first time. The nanoscale and the microscale have thus been blended together in sculptured thin films with transverse architectures. SiO$_x$ ($x\approx 2$) nanowires were grown by electron--beam evaporation onto silicon substrates both with and without photoresist lines (1--D arrays) and checkerboard (2--D arrays) patterns. Atomic self--shadowing due to oblique--angle deposition enables the nanowires to grow continuously, to change direction abruptly, and to maintain constant cross--sectional diameter. The selective growth of nanowire assemblies on the top surfaces of both 1--D and 2--D arrays can be understood and predicted using simple geometrical shadowing equations.
Evaluation of Intracellular Signaling Downstream Chimeric Antigen Receptors (2015)

CD19-targeting CAR T cells have shown potency in clinical trials targeting B cell leukemia. Although mainly second generation (2G) CARs carrying CD28 or 4-1BB have been investigated in patients, preclinical studies suggest that third generation (3G) CARs with both CD28 and 4-1BB have enhanced capacity. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of CARs. In the present work, we have analyzed the signaling capacity post antigen stimulation in both 2G and 3G CARs. 3G CAR T cells expanded better than 2G CAR T cells upon repeated stimulation with IL-2 and autologous B cells. An antigen-driven accumulation of CAR+ cells was evident post antigen stimulation. The cytotoxicity of both 2G and 3G CAR T cells was maintained by repeated stimulation. The phosphorylation status of intracellular signaling proteins post antigen stimulation showed that 3G CAR T cells had a higher activation status than 2G. Several proteins involved in signaling downstream the TCR were activated, as were proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell adhesion and exocytosis. In conclusion, 3G CAR T cells had a higher degree of intracellular signaling activity than 2G CARs which may explain the increased proliferative capacity seen in 3G CAR T cells. The study also indicates that there may be other signaling pathways to consider when designing or evaluating new generations of CARs.
2D to 3D conversion of sports content using panoramas (2011)

Given video from a single camera, conversion to two-view stereoscopic 3D is a challenging problem. We present a system to automatically create high quality stereoscopic video from monoscopic footage of field-based sports by exploiting context-specific priors, such as the ground plane, player size and known background. Our main contribution is a novel technique that constructs per-shot panoramas to ensure temporally consistent stereoscopic depth in video reconstructions. Players are rendered as billboards at correct depths on the ground plane. Our method uses additional sports priors to disambiguate segmentation artifacts and produce synthesized 3D shots that are in most cases, indistinguishable from stereoscopic ground truth footage.
A Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-AKT-Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling Pathway in Stimulating Platelet Secretion and Aggregation (2006)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt play important roles in platelet activation. However, the downstream mechanisms mediating their functions are unclear. We have recently shown that nitric-oxide (NO) synthase 3 and cGMP-dependent protein kinase stimulate platelet secretion and aggregation. Here we show that PI3K-mediated Akt activation plays an important role in agonist-stimulated platelet NO synthesis and cGMP elevation. Agonist-induced elevation of NO and cGMP was inhibited by Akt inhibitors and reduced in Akt-1 knock-out platelets. Akt-1 knock-out or Akt inhibitor-treated platelets showed reduced platelet secretion and aggregation in response to low concentrations of agonists, which can be reversed by low concentrations of 8-bromo-cGMP or sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor). Similarly, PI3K inhibitors diminished elevation of cGMP and inhibited platelet secretion and the second wave platelet aggregation, which was also partially reversed by 8-bromo-cGMP. These results indicate that the NO-cGMP pathway is an important downstream mechanism mediating PI3K and Akt signals leading to platelet secretion and aggregation. Conversely, the PI3K-Akt pathway is the major upstream mechanism responsible for activating the NO-cGMP pathway in platelets. Thus, this study delineates a novel platelet activation pathway involving sequential activation of PI3K, Akt, nitric-oxide synthase 3, sGC, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
Gene-expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in sepsis* (2009)

There was evidence of sepsis-related immunosuppression and reduced inflammatory response in mononuclear cells on a transcriptome level. These characteristic transcriptional changes can be used to aid the diagnosis of sepsis.
Simplified syntheses of complex multifunctional nanomaterials (2008)

Multifunctional probes are synthesized in a single step using peptide scaffold-based multifunctional single-attachment-point (MSAP) reagents.
A Facial Rigging Survey (2012)

Rigging is the process of setting up a group of controls to operate a 3D model, analogous to the strings of a puppet. It plays a fundamental role in the animation process as it eases the manipulation and editing of expressions, but rigging can be very laborious and cumbersome for an artist. This difficulty arises from the lack of a standard definition of what is a rig and the multitude approaches on how to setup a face. This survey presents a critical review on the fundamentals of rigging, with an outlook of the different techniques, their uses and problems. It describes the main problems that appear when preparing a character for animation. This paper also gives an overview of the role and relationship between the rigger and the animator. Continues with an exhaustive analysis of the published literature and previous work, centered on the facial rigging pipeline. Finally, the survey discusses future directions of facial rigging.
Extended Core Sequences from the cHS4 Insulator Are Necessary for Protecting Retroviral Vectors from Silencing Position Effects (2007)

The prototypic chromatin insulator cHS4 has proven effective at reducing repressive chromosomal position effects on retroviral vector expression. We report here studies designed to identify the minimal chicken hypersensitive site-4 (cHS4) sequences necessary for this activity. Using a gammaretroviral reporter vector and expression analysis in cell lines and primary mouse hematopoietic progenitor colonies, we found that a 250-bp core fragment reported to contain most of the cHS4 insulating activity failed to prevent silencing when used alone, although some barrier activity was observed when this fragment was combined with a 790-bp, but not 596-bp, spacer. Similar studies showed that four copies of a 90-bp fragment containing the cHS4 enhancer-blocking activity actually repressed vector green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. In contrast, a 400-bp fragment containing the 250-bp core plus 3' flanking sequences protected vector expression to the same degree as the full-length 1.2-kb fragment. The 400-bp fragment activity was confirmed in a lentiviral vector expressing human beta-globin in murine erythroid leukemia (MEL) cells. Taken together, these studies indicate that the insulating activity of the 250-bp cHS4 core can be influenced by distance, and identify an extended core element that confers full barrier activity in the setting of two different classes of retroviral vectors.
Contents, Vol. 19, 1989 (1989)

Drug DosageThe authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time o f publication.However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indica tions and dosage and for added warnings and precau tions.This is particularly important when the recom mended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
A comparative study of three techniques for diameter selective fiber activation in the vagal nerve: anodal block, depolarizing prepulses and slowly rising pulses (2008)

The paper shows selective smaller fiber activation in the left and right vagal nerve in in vivo experiments in pigs using three different techniques: anodal block, depolarizing prepulses and slowly rising pulses. All stimulation techniques were performed with the same experimental setup. The techniques have been compared in relation to maximum achievable suppression of nerve activity, maximum required current, maximum achievable stimulation frequency and the required charge per phase. Suppression of the largest fiber activity (expressed as a percentage of the maximum response) was 0-40% for anodal block, 10-25% for depolarizing prepulses and 40-50% for slowly rising pulses (duration up to 5 ms). Incomplete suppression of activation was mainly attributed to the large size of the vagal nerve (3.0-3.5 mA) which resulted in a large difference of the excitation thresholds of nerve fibers at different distances from the electrode, as well as a relatively short duration of slowly rising pulses. The technique of anodal block required the highest currents. The techniques of slowly rising pulses and anodal block required comparable charge per phase that was larger than for the technique of depolarizing prepulses. Depolarizing prepulses were an optimal choice regarding maximum required current and charge per phase but were very sensitive to small changes of the current amplitude. The other two techniques were more robust regarding small changes of stimulation parameters. The maximum stimulation frequency, using typical values of stimulation parameters, was 105 Hz for depolarizing prepulses, 30 Hz for anodal block and 28 Hz for slowly rising pulses. Only a technique of depolarizing prepulses had a charge per phase within the safe limits. For the other two techniques it would be necessary to optimize the shape of a stimulation pulse in order to reduce the charge per phase.
Hermes, a Functional Non-Drosophilid Insect Gene Vector From Musca domestica (1996)

Hermes is a short inverted repeat-type transposable element from the house fly, Musca domestica. Using an extra-chromosomal transpositional recombination assay, we show that Hermes elements can accurately transpose in M. domestica embryos. To test the ability of Hermes to function in species distantly related to M. domestica we used a nonautonomous Hermes element containing the Drosophila melanogaster while (w+) gene and created D. melanogaster germline transformants. Transgenic G1 insects were recovered from 34.6% of the fertile G0 adults developing from microinjected w- embryos. This transformation rate is comparable with that observed using P or hobo vectors in D. melanogaster, however, many instances of multiple-element insertions and large clusters were observed. Genetic mapping, Southern blotting, polytene chromosome in situ hybridization and DNA sequence analyses confirmed that Hermes elements were chromosomally integrated in transgenic insects. Our data demonstrate that Hermes elements transpose at high rates in D. melanogaster and may be an effective gene vector and gene-tagging agent in this species and distantly related species of medical and agricultural importance.
Scavenger Receptors in Atherosclerosis (2006)

Atherosclerotic vascular disease arises as a consequence of the deposition and retention of serum lipoproteins in the artery wall. Macrophages in lesions have been shown to express > or = 6 structurally different scavenger receptors for uptake of modified forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) that promote the cellular accumulation of cholesterol. Because cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells are the primary component of the fatty streak, the earliest atherosclerotic lesion, lipid uptake by these pathways has long been considered a requisite and initiating event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although the removal of proinflammatory modified LDLs from the artery wall via scavenger receptors would seem beneficial, the pathways distal to scavenger receptor uptake that metabolize the modified lipoproteins appear to become overwhelmed, leading to the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages and establishment of a chronic inflammatory setting. These observations have led to the current dogma concerning scavenger receptors, which is that they are proatherogenic molecules. However, recent studies suggest that the effects of scavenger receptors on atherogenesis may be more complex. In addition to modified lipoprotein uptake, these proteins are now known to regulate apoptotic cell clearance, initiate signal transduction, and serve as pattern recognition receptors for pathogens, activities that may contribute both to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory forces regulating atherogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our knowledge of scavenger receptor regulation and signal transduction, their roles in sterile inflammation and infection, and the potential impact of these pathways in regulating the balance of lipid accumulation and inflammation in the artery wall.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopy of Dipyridocatecholate Complexes of Platinum (1997)

Several new complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diolate (dipyridocatecholate, dpcat2-) ligand are reported. The complex (dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (4; dbbpy = di-tert-butylbipyridine) was synthesized from Cl2Pt(dbbpy) and dpcat2-. The reaction of (dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) with Cl2Pt(PhCN)2 yielded Cl2Pt(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (5). The latter complex was reacted with 3,4-dimercaptotoluene (toluenedithiolate, tdt2-), 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate (dbcat2-), and dpcat2- to give (tdt)Pt(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (6), (dbcat)Pt(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (7), and (dpcat)Pt(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (8), respectively. All of these complexes containing Pt(diimine)(diolate) centers display intense absorption bands in the 500−600 nm range. However, excitation at these wavelengths does not result in photoemission similar to that seen for closely related Pt(diimine)(dithiolate) complexes. The absorption bands of the dinuclear species are unsymmetrical, possibly indicating isolated but overlapping transitions for the two chromophores in each complex. The complex (dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) was found to react with (dbbpy)2RuCl2 and NH4PF6 to yield [(dbbpy)2Ru(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy)](PF6)2 (10). A connectivity structure of this compound confirms the structural arrangement and the role of dpcat as a bridging ligand between a square planar Pt(II) center and an octahedral Ru(II) moiety. In an analogous synthesis, the trinuclear complex [(dbbpy)2Ru(dpcat)Pt(dpcat)Pt((dbbpy)](PF6)2 (11) was obtained by reacting (dpcat)Pt(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) with (dbbpy)2RuCl2 and NH4PF6. The complex [(dbbpy)2Ru(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy)](PF6)2 displays absorption bands associated with individual Ru and Pt centers and photoemission that arises from Ru(diimine)32+. A trinuclear complex (dbcat)Co{(dpcat)Pt(dbbpy)}2 (9) was also obtained from the reaction of (dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) and Co4(dbsq)8 (dbsq = di-tert-butylsemiquinone).
Initiation of shape-memory effect by inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles in thermoplastic polymers (2006)

In shape-memory polymers, changes in shape are mostly induced by heating, and exceeding a specific switching temperature, T(switch). If polymers cannot be warmed up by heat transfer using a hot liquid or gaseous medium, noncontact triggering will be required. In this article, the magnetically induced shape-memory effect of composites from magnetic nanoparticles and thermoplastic shape-memory polymers is introduced. A polyetherurethane (TFX) and a biodegradable multiblock copolymer (PDC) with poly(p-dioxanone) as hard segment and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) as soft segment were investigated as matrix component. Nanoparticles consisting of an iron(III)oxide core in a silica matrix could be processed into both polymers. A homogeneous particle distribution in TFX could be shown. Compounds have suitable elastic and thermal properties for the shape-memory functionalization. Temporary shapes of TFX compounds were obtained by elongating at increased temperature and subsequent cooling under constant stress. Cold-drawing of PDC compounds at 25 degrees C resulted in temporary fixation of the mechanical deformation by 50-60%. The shape-memory effect of both composite systems could be induced by inductive heating in an alternating magnetic field (f = 258 kHz; H = 30 kA x m(-1)). The maximum temperatures achievable by inductive heating in a specific magnetic field depend on sample geometry and nanoparticle content. Shape recovery rates of composites resulting from magnetic triggering are comparable to those obtained by increasing the environmental temperature.
Anteroinferior distraction of the atrophic subtotal maxillary alveolus for implant placement: a case report. (2002)

Most reports on alveolar distraction have been related to vertical distraction in the mandible and the maxilla. There have been few reports on horizontal or oblique alveolar distraction. A case of an atrophic subtotal maxillary alveolus distracted 10 mm anteriorly and 5 mm vertically, followed by the placement of 9 implants, is presented. A healthy, 55-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of mobility of all maxillary teeth. All remaining 11 teeth except the maxillary left second molar were diagnosed as being involved with advanced marginal periodontitis, and were considered hopeless and subsequently extracted. Three months after extraction, a horizontal osteotomy was performed with a bone saw between the bilateral second premolar regions, extending vertically distal to the second premolars, without involving the maxillary sinuses. After confirming mobility of the alveolar bone, a distraction device was seated with titanium miniscrews and adhesive resin cement over the hard palate. After a 7-day waiting period, the maxillary alveolus was distracted anteroinferiorly 0.25 mm twice a day for 25 consecutive days. The distraction process was completed uneventfully. Postdistraction computed tomography demonstrated that the maxillary alveolus was adequately distracted to place implants in an ideal position. Nine endosseous implants were placed 4 months after seating the distraction device. All implants had good primary stability and were submerged. All implants osseointegrated, although 2 anterior implants were replaced due to disintegration resulting from transmucosal overloading of the interim removable prosthesis. No significant marginal bone resorption was seen around the implants 16 months after implant placement. It was concluded that alveolar distraction can be very useful for augmenting the atrophic alveolus, not only vertically but also horizontally or obliquely.
Observation on the bionomics of Eutomostethus deqingensis Xiao (1997)

Eutomostethus deqingensis damages banboo, one generation a year, mature larva turn to pre-pupa before overwinter in the soil. It starts to emerge in first 10 day, but the peak-period is in second 10 day of May, It lay the eggs in third 10 day of May, During the third 10 day of June, the larva goes down the tree into the soil for over-winter.
Changes in Concentration of DNA in Serum and Plasma during Storage of Blood Samples (2003)

Cell-free DNA in serum and plasma has been suggested to have diagnostic potential because associations between DNA concentrations and several disorders have been described (1). The concentration of cell-free DNA circulating in plasma and serum has been analyzed in several studies and used as an interchangeable index of the quantity of circulating DNA in blood (2)(3)(4). However, it is known that the DNA concentration in serum is ∼3- to 24-fold higher than in plasma (3)(4)(5)(6). Recently published articles in this journal showed that various preanalytical factors of blood sampling and processing can affect the DNA concentration in plasma (5)(7)(8), but these findings do not explain the difference between plasma and serum concentrations of DNA mentioned above. Comparative investigations of the preanalytical conditions influencing the DNA concentration in serum and plasma are lacking. In addition, reference intervals for the concentration of cell-free DNA in serum were established without considering these factors (9). Thus, to complement the data of Lui et al. (5), we analyzed the influence of time delay in blood processing for plasma and serum at room temperature and at 4 °C.

Venous blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers (5 females and 5 males; mean age, 42 years) were simultaneously collected in …
Preparation and Functional Properties of Rice Bran Protein Isolate (1998)

Rice bran protein isolate (RBPI) containing approximately 92.0% protein was prepared from unstabilized and defatted rice bran using phytase and xylanase. The yield of RBPI increased from 34% to 74.6% through the use of the enzymatic treatment. Nitrogen solubilities of RBPI were 53, 8, 62, 78, 82, and 80% at pHs 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that RBPI had denaturation temperature of 83.4 degrees C with low endotherm (0.96 J/g of protein). RBPI had similar foaming properties in comparison to egg white. But emulsifying properties of RBPI were significantly lower than those of bovine serum albumin. The result of amino acid analysis showed that RBPI had a similar profile of essential amino acid requirements for 2-5-year-old children in comparison to that of casein and soy protein isolate.