gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Form of DAP5 Protein Accumulates in Apoptotic Cells as a Result of Caspase Cleavage and Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Mediated Translation (2000)

Death-associated protein 5 (DAP5) (also named p97 and NAT1) is a member of the translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) family that lacks the eIF4E binding site. It was previously implicated in apoptosis, based on the finding that a dominant negative fragment of the protein protected against cell death. Here we address its function and two distinct levels of regulation during apoptosis that affect the protein both at translational and posttranslational levels. DAP5 protein was found to be cleaved at a single caspase cleavage site at position 790, in response to activated Fas or p53, yielding a C-terminal truncated protein of 86 kDa that is capable of generating complexes with eIF4A and eIF3. Interestingly, while the overall translation rate in apoptotic cells was reduced by 60 to 70%, in accordance with the simultaneous degradation of the two major mediators of cap-dependent translation, eIF4GI and eIF4GII, the translation rate of DAP5 protein was selectively maintained. An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element capable of directing the translation of a reporter gene when subcloned into a bicistronic vector was identified in the 5' untranslated region of DAP5 mRNA. While cap-dependent translation from this transfected vector was reduced during Fas-induced apoptosis, the translation via the DAP5 IRES was selectively maintained. Addition of recombinant DAP5/p97 or DAP5/p86 to cell-free systems enhanced preferentially the translation through the DAP5 IRES, whereas neutralization of the endogenous DAP5 in reticulocyte lysates by adding a dominant negative DAP5 fragment interfered with this translation. The DAP5/p86 apoptotic form was more potent than DAP5/p97 in these functional assays. Altogether, the data suggest that DAP5 is a caspase-activated translation factor which mediates cap-independent translation at least from its own IRES, thus generating a positive feedback loop responsible for the continuous translation of DAP5 during apoptosis.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1999)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an increase in the number of myeloid cells in the marrow and an arrest in their maturation, frequently resulting in hematopoietic insufficiency (granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia), with or without leukocytosis. In the United States, the annual incidence of AML is approximately 2.4 per 100,000,1 and it increases progressively with age, to a peak of 12.6 per 100,000 adults 65 years of age or older. Until the 1970s, the diagnosis was based solely on the pathological and cytologic examination of bone marrow and blood. Five-year survival rates during this period were less than 15 . . .
European Starling Preferences for Bait Substrates Used in DRC-1339 Applications (2010)

Additional bait substrates for the avicide, DRC-1339 Concentrate (3-chloro-4- methylaniline hydrochloride), could provide USDA/Wildlife Services with more fl exibility when managing nuisance populations of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at livestock facilities. From January 11 to 21, 2008, we conducted 11 2-choice preference tests with 6 bait types at a feedlot in central Kansas. The baits included cracked corn mixed with lard (2 concentrations), 2 forms of distiller’s grain (wet powder and pellets), 2 types of livestock feed (calf-starter pellet and sweet-feed mix), and a custom-produced poultry pellet (carrier pellet) made by USDA specifically for baiting starlings. We evaluated bait preference using 95% confidence intervals of mean differences in feeding rates among 4 cages of starlings with 6 starlings per cage. Starlings preferred the carrier pellets. Contemporaneous with the cage tests, we offered the same baits to free-ranging starlings at open-feeding platforms positioned within the feedlot. Free-ranging starlings also favored carrier pellets over other baits. Use of carrier pellets at livestock facilities where starlings have numerous food sources may be more costefficient than less-expensive baits (e.g., cracked corn or distiller’s grain) because of its higher acceptance by free-ranging starlings
The ADP-Ribosyltransferase Domain of the Effector Protein ExoS Inhibits Phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Pneumonia (2014)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. To cause severe disease, this bacterium uses a type III secretion system that delivers four effector proteins, ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ExoY, into host cells. The majority of P. aeruginosa strains secrete ExoS, a bifunctional toxin with GTPase-activating protein and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities. In cell culture models, both enzymatic activities have been associated with decreased bacterial internalization. However, our study is the first to examine a role for ExoS in blocking phagocytosis in an animal model. We report that ExoS does inhibit phagocytosis during pneumonia. The ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, but not the GTPase-activating protein activity, of ExoS is necessary for this effect. Our findings highlight the ability of P. aeruginosa to manipulate the inflammatory response during pneumonia to facilitate bacterial survival.
Inhalable drugs for systemic therapy. (2000)

Although oral and injectable drug formulations still dominate the market, interest in pulmonary delivery has been rising steadily. Given patients' desire for an alternative to injections, and recent advances in aerosol science and pulmonary medicine, the potential for improved disease management outcomes by using aerosols for systemic drug delivery should lead the way for a shift to inhalables.
Determination of total 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in edible oils by cleavage of MCPD esters with sodium methoxide (2008)

Abstract A method for the determination of total 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in edible fats and oils was presented. 3‐MCPD was released from 3‐MCPD fatty acid esters by transesterification with NaOCH 3 /methanol. After derivatization with phenylboronic acid, 3‐MCPD was determined by GC‐MS. Deuterium‐labeled 3‐MCPD was used as internal standard. In a model experiment, it was shown that acidic hydrolysis with methanol/sulfuric acid, which is normally used for the release of 3‐MCPD from its esters, can cause problems because under acidic conditions additional 3‐MCPD can be formed. No additional 3‐MCPD was formed using NaOCH 3 /methanol for transesterification. Eleven samples of cold‐pressed and refined safflower oils were analyzed with this method. Levels of total 3‐MCPD were in the range from &lt;100 up to 3200 µg/kg.
100% phosphorescence quantum efficiency of Ir(III) complexes in organic semiconductor films (2005)

We demonstrate that three Ir(III) complexes used as principal dopants in organic electrophosphorescent diodes have very high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (ηPL) in a solid-state film. The green emitting complex, fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3], the red-emitting bis[2-(2′-benzothienyl)pyridinato-N,C3′] (acetylacetonato)iridium(III) [Btp2Ir(acac)], and the blue complex bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic) were prepared as codeposited films of varying concentration with 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-2,2′-biphenyl, a commonly used host material. The maximum ηPL values for Ir(ppy)3, Btp2Ir(acac), and FIrpic were, respectively, 97%±2% (at 1.5mol%), 51%±1% (at 1.4mol%), and 78%±1% (at 15mol%). Furthermore, we also observed that the maximum ηPL of FIrpic reached 99%±1% when doped into the high triplet energy host, m-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene, at an optimal concentration of 1.2mol%.
Overexpression of leucocyte common antigen (LAR) P-subunit in thyroid carcinomas (2003)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) dephosphorylation and protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) phosphorylation of key signal transduction proteins may be regulated by extracellular signals, making PTPases important in the regulation of cell proliferation. Leucocyte common antigen (LAR), a receptor-like PTPase, consists of E-subunit, containing the cell adhesion molecule-like receptor region, and P-subunit specific for a short segment of the extracellular region, the transmembrane peptide, and two cytoplasmic PTPase domains. We produced a monoclonal antibody against the LAR P-subunit for immunohistochemical screening of LAR expression in normal and tumourous tissues. Gliomas and gastric, colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers showed weak and relatively infrequent expression. Intense and diffuse expression, however, was detected in 95% (227 out of 239) of thyroid carcinomas, but only 12% (22 out of 128) of adenomas and no cases of benign thyroid disease were immunopositive. In contrast to broad staining in carcinomas, LAR expression in thyroid adenomas was often found in small focal or locally invasive areas. Western blot analysis similarly detected LAR P-subunit protein in thyroid carcinomas, but not in normal tissues. We believe this to be the first demonstration of LAR overexpression in thyroid carcinoma and may help to elucidate the role of PTPases in the development of malignancy.
Tailoring the Pharmacokinetics and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Properties of Anti–Carcinoembryonic Antigen Single-Chain Fv-Fc Antibody Fragments (2005)

Antibody fragments are recognized as promising vehicles for delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to tumor sites in vivo. The serum persistence of IgG1 and fragments with intact Fc region is controlled by the protective neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) receptor. To modulate the half-life of engineered antibodies, we have mutated the Fc-FcRn binding site of chimeric anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies produced in a single-chain Fv-Fc format. The anti-CEA T84.66 single-chain Fv-Fc format wild-type and five mutants (I253A, H310A, H435Q, H435R, and H310A/H435Q, Kabat numbering system) expressed well in mammalian cell culture. After purification and characterization, effective in vitro antigen binding was shown by competition ELISA. Biodistribution studies in BALB/c mice using (125)I- and (131)I-labeled fragments revealed blood clearance rates from slowest to fastest as follows: wild-type > H435R > H435Q > I253A > H310A > H310A/H435Q. The terminal half-lives of the mutants ranged from 83.4 to 7.96 hours, whereas that of the wild-type was approximately 12 days. Additionally, (124)I-labeled wild-type, H435Q, I253A, H310A, and H310A/H435Q variants were evaluated in LS174T xenografted athymic mice by small animal positron emission tomography imaging, revealing localization to the CEA-positive xenografts. The slow clearing wild-type and H435Q constructs required longer to localize to the tumor and clear from the circulation. The I253A and H310A fragments showed intermediate behavior, whereas the H310A/H435Q variant quickly localized to the tumor site, rapidly cleared from the animal circulation and produced clear images. Thus, attenuating the Fc-FcRn interaction provides a way of controlling the antibody fragment serum half-life without compromising expression and tumor targeting.
In defense of the eight-point algorithm (1997)

The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the eight-point algorithm is a frequently cited method for computing the fundamental matrix from a set of eight or more point matches. It has the advantage of simplicity of implementation. The prevailing view is, however, that it is extremely susceptible to noise and hence virtually useless for most purposes. This paper challenges that view, by showing that by preceding the algorithm with a very simple normalization (translation and scaling) of the coordinates of the matched points, results are obtained comparable with the best iterative algorithms. This improved performance is justified by theory and verified by extensive experiments on real images.
Active mode-locking of 1.3 μm extended-cavity silicon chip Bragg reflector laser (1988)

We report active mode-locking of an extended-cavity silicon chip Bragg reflector laser. Pulses of 27 ps duration at repetition rates up to 7 GHz, have been achieved with a controllable narrow optical spectrum.
Production in Escherichia coli of biologically active secretin, a gastrointestinal hormone. (1982)

A synthetic gene for porcine secretin was ligated with Pst I-cleaved pBR322 by its flanking synthetic Pst I linkers to produce a fused protein consisting of an amino-terminal portion of beta-lactamase and an entire secretin molecule. The hybrid plasmid was transferred into competent Escherichia coli cells. The plasmids, which were proved in our investigation to contain the secretin gene in the desired orientation, were then screened for the production of secretin. This was shown by radioimmunoassay and gel electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides that were synthesized in E. coli minicells transformed with the hybrid plasmids. Secretin so produced, whose carboxy terminal residue may not be amidated in contrast with natural porcine secretin, showed the same activity in stimulating pancreatic secretion in a bioassay with anesthetized rats as does natural secretin.
Expression of Shisa2, a modulator of both Wnt and Fgf signaling, in the chick embryo (2007)

Shisa proteins are a recently-identified family of modulators of both FGF and Wnt signaling that block both maturation and transport to the cell surface of their respective receptors. The latter are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby inhibiting or reducing cellular responses to the ligands. We describe expression of a Shisa2 orthologue in an amniote: the chick embryo. We show that Shisa2 transcripts are expressed in a dynamic manner along the anteroposterior axis, in a manner consistent with a role in head development as demonstrated for Xenopus Shisa, being ubiquitously expressed in anterior tissues. However, expression is progressively restricted anteriorly within the developing neural tube and adjacent mesenchyme and ectoderm, eventually becoming restricted to the telencephalic lobes. Similarly, from being ubiquitous within the optic cups, transcripts become restricted to the prospective ciliary margin. A similar process is evident in the somites, where expression is initially ubiquitous but remains at high levels first in dermamyotome and subsequently is only detected in myotome. During the initial stages of organogenesis, Shisa2 transcripts are detected in cardiac and lung bud mesenchyme and in nephric ducts and tubules. Within the pharyngeal region, expression is observed in pharyngeal pouches from their first appearance and later in mesenchyme of all pharyngeal arches, as well as in cranial ganglia. Transcripts are also detected in the dorsal mesenchyme of the limb bud.
IMMUNOLOGIC BASIS OF ANTIGEN-INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS (1999)

The incidence, morbidity, and mortality of asthma has increased worldwide over the last two decades. Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway inflammation. The inflammatory response in the asthmatic lung is characterized by infiltration of the airway wall with mast cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Although asthma is multifactorial in origin, the inflammatory process in the most common form of the disease (extrinsic asthma) is believed to be a result of inappropriate immune responses to common aero-allergens in genetically susceptible individuals. As such, it has been hypothesized that CD4+ T cells that produce a Th2 pattern of cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Through the release of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, these cells orchestrate the recruitment and activation of the primary effector cells of the allergic response, the mast cell and the eosinophil. Activation of these cells results in the release of a plethora of inflammatory mediators that individually or in concert induce changes in airway wall geometry and produce the symptoms of the disease. The aim of this review is to discuss our current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which Th2 cytokines induce airway disease, and the factors that predispose to the generation of these pathogenic cells in response to inhalation of ubiquitous aero-allergens. Elucidation of the exact immunological basis for allergic asthma may yield immunotherapeutic strategies to reverse the development of pathogenic Th2-mediated immune responses and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Formation of nodular structures resembling mature articular cartilage in long–term primary cultures of human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes on a hydrogel substrate (1994)

The human chondrocyte culture system described here allows the maintenance of a chondrocyte-specific phenotype for prolonged periods (up to 180 days). The long-term chondrocyte cultures formed nodular structures that resemble mature articular cartilage morphologically, ultrastructurally, biosynthetically, and in the pattern of cartilage-specific gene expression.
Percutaneous endovascular stents: an experimental evaluation. (1985)

Percutaneous, expanding, endovascular stents were constructed of stainless steel wire formed in a zig-zag pattern. Stents were placed for varying periods of time in the jugular vein, vena cava, and abdominal aorta in each of five adult dogs. The dilating force of the stents could be controlled by different wire size, number and angle of wire bends, and stent length. In addition, multiple stents could be placed one inside the other or one after the other, depending on the circumstance. The stents distended the vessels and increased their diameter. No flow defects, luminal narrowing, or occlusion were noted in any of the stented vessels, even after 6 months. Side branches bridged by the stents remained patent and showed no indication of narrowing. Stent wires became encased by a proliferation of the tunica intima where they contacted the vessel wall. Encasement was slower and less extensive in the abdominal aorta. No vascular erosion or clot formation was found to be associated with any of the stents.
Nucleic acid related compounds. 42. A general procedure for the efficient deoxygenation of secondary alcohols. Regiospecific and stereoselective conversion of ribonucleosides to 2'-deoxynucleosides (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid related compounds. 42. A general procedure for the efficient deoxygenation of secondary alcohols. Regiospecific and stereoselective conversion of ribonucleosides to 2'-deoxynucleosidesMorris J. Robins, John S. Wilson, and Fritz HansskeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 12, 4059–4065Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00350a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00350a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2476Altmetric-Citations429LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A: A possible marker in the classification and prenatal diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (1983)

The concentration of human platelet lactogen (hPL), pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP-1) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were analysed in consecutive serum samples from a patient who gave birth to a child with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. HPL and SP-1 were present in normal concentrations from week 20 to week 35 of gestation whereas PAPP-A could not be detected in any of the samples examined. Immunohistochemical examination of two placentae from Cornelia de Lange syndrome revealed normal localization of hPL and SP-1 but the absence of PAPP-A from the syncytiotrophoblast. The significance of association between Cornelia de Lange syndrome and compromised synthesis of PAPP-A is discussed.
The structure and function of hairs of chaetophorales (1986)

A study was carried out on the relationship between hair formation and water chemistry in three genera of Chaetophorales (especially Stigeoclonium).The relationship between environmental chemistry, algal morphology and phosphatase activity for 32 samples of natural populations in N-E. England was investigated. Two indices of hair formation were significantly correlated with aqueous P (-ve).algal N: P ratio (+ve) and phosphatase activity (+ve). Other correlations included: algal P v. aqueous P {+ve); algal P V. phosphatase activity (-ve); algal N: P ratio v. aqueous P (-ve). All algal samples with a P content of 0.96% (by weight) and above lacked hairs: all with aP content of 0.53% and below had hairs. All algal samples with N: P ratios of 5.58 and below lacked hairs: all with ratios of 6.46 and above had hairs. The influence of pH on phosphatase activity of six natural populations showed three markedly different responses, but the pH optima of three laboratory strains of Stigeoclonium were similar; pH had little influence on the phosphatase activity of two laboratory strains of Draparnaldia. Phosphatase activity was localized on hairs of Chaetophora and Draparnaldia, but the results were not clear-cut for Stigeoclonium. Elemental deficiencies gave a similar pattern of the extent of hair formation in 13 strains: - P &gt; - N &gt;- Fe-S &gt;-Ca &gt; -Mg &gt; control. Elemental additions to five strains resulted in zoospore release; the greatest amount was released when N or P was added to N- or P-limited cultures. Five strains were grown to P-limitation in batch culture: the maximum P composition ranged from 2.4 - 6.4 % dry weight; hair formation commenced when algal P had fallen to about 1 % dry weight, long before any culture had ceased to grow or started to appear unhealthy. The strains were shown to be capable of utilizing a number of organic P sources. The possible role of hairs and similarities between hair-forming blue-green algae and Chaetophorales are discussed.
Independent component analysis of complex-valued functional magnetic resonance imaging data by complex nonlinearities (2005)

Independent component analysis (ICA) for separating complex-valued sources is needed for convolutive source-separation in the frequency domain, or for performing source separation on complex-valued data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique that produces complex-valued data; however the vast majority of fMRI analyses utilize only magnitude images due in large part to the difficulty of developing a temporal phase model. We have successfully applied ICA to complex fMRI data but there is a need to further optimize the complex ICA. We recently proposed a number of complex nonlinear functions for ICA of complex valued data. We apply two of these functions to fMRI data and examine the properties of these nonlinearities and their efficiency in generating the higher order statistics needed for ICA. We show that the complex infomax using these efficient nonlinearities demonstrates superior performance compared to analysis of the magnitude data with either ICA or linear regression. Complex ICA thus provides a potentially powerful method for the analysis of fMRI data.