gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accentuating the Positive: City Branding, Narrative and Practice (2019)

Abstract This commentary on the contribution made by Kavaratzis and Ashworth (2005) examines the antecedents to which it responded, the key ideas that it offered at the time of publication, and assesses its lasting impact. There are three main sections. The first reflects upon the informal and improvised approaches that characterised place promotion, marketing and branding in the final decades of the twentieth century. The second surveys Kavaratzis and Ashworth’s critical reflections on the existing theory and practice of city branding. The third section discusses their role in contributing a benchmark in scholarly discourse that reflected convergences with management science and policy relevance, but recognises that it was implicated in a broader meta‐narrative shaped by neoliberalist approaches and values.
Enzymes as Catalysts in Synthetic Organic Chemistry [New Synthetic Methods (53)] (1985)

Abstract Enzymes have great potential as catalysts for use in synthetic organic chemistry. Applications of enzymes in synthesis have so far been limited to a relatively small number of largescale hydrolytic processes used in industry, and to a large number of small‐scale syntheses of materials used in analytical procedures and in research. Changes in the technology for production of enzymes (in part attributable to improved methods from classical microbiology, and in part to the promise of genetic engineering) and for their stabilization and manipulation now make these catalysts practical for wider use in large‐scale synthetic organic chemistry. This paper reviews the status of the rapidly developing field of enzyme‐catalyzed organic synthesis, and outlines both present opportunities and probable future developments in this field.
Granules of the Human Neutrophilic Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (1997)

POLYMORPHONUCLEAR leukocytes were discovered by Paul Ehrlich,[1][1] when fixation and staining techniques made it possible to identify the lobulated nucleus and the granules that have given name to these cells and allowed for their classification as eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.
Facile N-Arylation of Amines and Sulfonamides and O-Arylation of Phenols and Arenecarboxylic Acids (2006)

An efficient, transition-metal-free procedure for the N-arylation of amines, sulfonamides, and carbamates and O-arylation of phenols and carboxylic acids has been achieved by allowing these substrates to react with a variety of o-silylaryl triflates in the presence of CsF. Good to excellent yields of arylated products are obtained under very mild reaction conditions. This chemistry readily tolerates a variety of functional groups.
Animating pictures with stochastic motion textures (2005)

In this paper, we explore the problem of enhancing still pictures with subtly animated motions. We limit our domain to scenes containing passive elements that respond to natural forces in some fashion. We use a semi-automatic approach, in which a human user segments the scene into a series of layers to be individually animated. Then, a "stochastic motion texture" is automatically synthesized using a spectral method, i.e., the inverse Fourier transform of a filtered noise spectrum. The motion texture is a time-varying 2D displacement map, which is applied to each layer. The resulting warped layers are then recomposited to form the animated frames. The result is a looping video texture created from a single still image, which has the advantages of being more controllable and of generally higher image quality and resolution than a video texture created from a video source. We demonstrate the technique on a variety of photographs and paintings.
Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: B cell-directed therapy for autoimmune diseases (2009)

Summary B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive B cells not only produce autoantibodies, but are also specialized to present specific autoantigens efficiently to T cells. Furthermore, these B cells can secrete proinflammatory cytokines and can amplify the vicious cycle of self-destruction. Thus, B cell-directed therapies are potentially an important approach for treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, like T cells, there are subsets of B cells that produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and are immunosuppressive. These regulatory B cell subsets can protect against and ameliorate autoimmune diseases. Thus targeting B cells therapeutically will require this balance to be considered. Here we summarize the roles of pathogenic and regulatory B cells and current applications of B cell-directed therapy in autoimmune diseases. Considerations for future development of B cell-directed therapy for autoimmune diseases have also been discussed.
SirA Orthologs Affect both Motility and Virulence (2001)

The sirA gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium encodes a two-component response regulator of the FixJ family that has a positive regulatory influence on the expression of type III secretion genes involved with epithelial cell invasion and the elicitation of bovine gastroenteritis. SirA orthologs in Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Erwinia control the expression of distinct virulence genes in these genera, but an evolutionarily conserved target of SirA regulation has never been identified. In this study we tested the hypothesis that sirA may be an ancient member of the flagellar regulon. We examined the effect of a sirA mutation on transcriptional fusions to flagellar promoters (flhD, fliE, fliF, flgA, flgB, fliC, fliD, motA, and fliA) while using fusions to the virulence gene sopB as a positive control. SirA had only small regulatory effects on all fusions in liquid medium (less than fivefold). However, in various types of motility agar plates, sirA was able to activate a sopB fusion by up to 63-fold while repressing flagellar fusions by values exceeding 100-fold. Mutations in the sirA orthologs of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa result in defects in either motility or motility gene regulation, suggesting that control of flagellar regulons may be an evolutionarily conserved function of sirA orthologs. The implications for our understanding of virulence gene regulation in the gamma Proteobacteria are discussed.
Adiponectin protects LPS-induced liver injury through modulation of TNF-α in KK-Ay obese mice (2004)

Adiponectin, an adipocytokine, has been identified in adipose tissue, and its receptors are widely distributed in many tissues, including the liver. The present study was performed to clarify the role of adiponectin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury using KK-Ay obese mice. We analyzed the effects of adiponectin pretreatment on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine/LPS (GalN/LPS) in KK-Ay obese mice. GalN/LPS treatment induced significant increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the blood, apoptotic and necrotic changes in hepatocytes, and/or showed a high degree of lethality. The GalN/LPS-induced liver injury was more pronounced in KK-Ay obese mice than in lean controls. Pretreatment with adiponectin ameliorated the GalN/LPS-induced elevation of serum AST and ALT levels and the apoptotic and necrotic changes in hepatocytes, resulting in a reduction in lethality. In addition, pretreatment with adiponectin attenuated the GalN/LPS-induced increases in serum and hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha messenger RNA expression in the liver. Furthermore, abdominal macrophages from KK-Ay obese mice pretreated with adiponectin in vitro exhibited decreased LPS-induced TNF-alpha production compared with controls. Finally, adiponectin pretreatment also ameliorated TNF-alpha-induced liver injury. In conclusion, these findings suggest that adiponectin prevents LPS-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting the synthesis and/or release of TNF-alpha of KK-Ay obese mice.
Introduction (2000)

En organisant les journées d’étude des 10 et 11 décembre 1999 sur le thème des sciences et des techniques « autour » de la Révolution française, la Société des études robespierristes et le Centre d’histoire des sciences et des techniques de la Cité des sciences et de l’industrie poursuivaient un double objectif. En premier lieu, il s’agissait de dresser un « » bilan » des recherches menées dans ce domaine nouveau des études révolutionnaires, dix ans après les travaux directement liés au bicen...
Knockdown of RCK/p54 expression by RNAi inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2008)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women around the world. Although much progress of the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis has been made, the studies centering on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis are much needed to be further exploited. The overexpression of RCK/p54 gene, a member of the DEAD box protein/RNA helicase family, has been found in this malignancy. Roles of RCK in the development of colon cancer, however, are unknown. In this report, we explored whether RCK/p54 plays a role in maintaining the malignant phenotype and functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway of colorectal cancer cells harboring an APC mutation. The ectopic overexpression of RCK/p54 gene in colorectal cancer cells by transfection with RCK/p54 cDNA could lead to a significant increase of Tcf transcriptional activity and expression levels of Wnt target genes. By RNAi assay, we also observed that the Tcf transcriptional activity in LoVo-shRNA cells was significantly decreased by approximately 61.3%, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt target genes were also obviously decreased. Furthermore, the anti-tumour effects and its possible mechanisms of actions in LoVo cells elicited by a decrease in the level of RCK/p54 by RNAi were examined. Results showed that RCK/p54 downregulation could significantly reduce the viability of LoVo cells, increased cell number of S phase, led to cell apoptosis induction, and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, RCK/ p54 might be a determinant of colorectal cancer proliferation by activating the canonical Wnt pathway and RCK/p54-shRNA might be a potential strategy for colorectal cancer gene therapy.
Vinaxanthone, a new FabI inhibitor from Penicillium sp. (2009)

Vinaxanthone is a new FabI-directed antibacterial of natural origin that could have potential for further development as a new anti-MRSA agent.
Efficacy and Design of Low-Cost Personal Decontamination System (LPDS) Formulations for Sulfur Mustard and Assorted TICs (2005)

No abstract prepared.
The Antidiabetic PPAR&#947; Ligands: An Update on Compounds in Development (2002)

A novel class of antidiabetic agents, the thiazolidinediones, was developed in the 70s and 80s by screening newly synthesized compounds for their ability to lower blood glucose in diabetic rodents. Three molecules from this class, troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, were ultimately approved for the treatment of patients with type II diabetes. Although these compounds were developed without an understanding of their molecular mechanism of action, by the early 90s evidence began to accumulate linking the thiazolidinediones the nuclear receptor PPARγ (NR1C3). It was ultimately demonstrated that these molecules were high affinity ligands of PPARγ and that they increased the transcriptional activity of the receptor. Although many questions remain, multiple lines of evidence now indicate that the antidiabetic activities of the thiazolidinediones are mediated by their direct interaction with the receptor and the subsequent modulation of PPARγ target gene expression. The knowledge that PPARγ ligands can improve insulin resistance in diabetics, coupled with the availability of rapid assays for the identification and characterization of nuclear receptor ligands, has led to a virtual explosion in the number of new PPARγ ligands that are under development as antidiabetic agents. In this article we will briefly review the biology of PPARγ, and then provide an update of new synthetic PPARγ ligands that are under investigation or in development as antidiabetic drugs.
Novel AR-12 derivatives, P12-23 and P12-34, inhibit flavivirus replication by blocking host de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis (2018)

The genus Flavivirus contains many important pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). AR-12 is a celecoxib-derived anticancer agent that possesses antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. We pharmacologically exploited this unique activity to develop additional antiviral agents, resulting in the production of the AR-12 derivatives P12-23 and P12-34. At nanomolar concentrations, these compounds were effective in suppressing DENV, ZIKV and JEV replication, exhibiting 10-fold improvements in the efficacy and selectivity indices as compared to AR-12. Regarding the mode of antiviral action, P12-23 and P12-34 inhibited viral RNA replication but had no effect on viral binding, entry or translation. Moreover, these AR-12 derivatives co-localized with mitochondrial markers, and their antiviral activity was lost in mitochondria-depleted cells. Interestingly, exogenous uridine or orotate, the latter being a metabolite of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), abolished the antiviral activity of AR-12 and its derivatives. As DHODH is a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, these AR-12 derivatives may act by targeting pyrimidine biosynthesis in host cells to inhibit viral replication. Importantly, treatment with P12-34 significantly improved the survival of mice that were subcutaneously challenged with DENV. Thus, P12-34 may warrant further evaluation as a therapeutic to control flaviviral outbreaks.
Epitaxial Growth and Photochemical Annealing of Graded CdS/ZnS Shells on Colloidal CdSe Nanorods (2002)

We report the preparation and structural characterization of core/shell CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanorods. A graded shell of larger band gap is grown around CdSe rods using trioctylphosphine oxide as a surfactant. Interfacial segregation is used to preferentially deposit CdS near the core, providing relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface. The reported synthesis allows for variation of the shell thickness between one and six monolayers, on core nanorods ranging from aspect ratios of 2:1 to 10:1. After an irreversible photochemical annealing process, the core/shell nanorods have increased quantum efficiencies and are stable in air under visible or UV excitation. In addition to their robust optical properties, these samples provide an opportunity for the study of the evolution of epitaxial strain as the shape of the core varies from nearly spherical to nearly cylindrical.
A three-axis micromachined accelerometer with a CMOS position-sense interface and digital offset-trim electronics (1999)

This paper describes a three-axis accelerometer implemented in a surface-micromachining technology with integrated CMOS. The accelerometer measures changes in a capacitive half-bridge to detect deflections of a proof mass, which result from acceleration input. The half-bridge is connected to a fully differential position-sense interface, the output of which is used for one-bit force feedback. By enclosing the proof mass in a one-bit feedback loop, simultaneous force balancing and analog-to-digital conversion are achieved. On-chip digital offset-trim electronics enable compensation of random offset in the electronic interface. Analytical performance calculations are shown to accurately model device behaviour. The fabricated single-chip accelerometer measures 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/, draws 27 mA from a 5-V supply, and has a dynamic range of 84, 81, and 70 dB along the x-, y-, and z-axes, respectively.
Graphics systems : architecture and realization (1992)

Introduction: computer graphics and image processing interactive computer graphics system and graphics system users of graphics system. Part 1 Model and interfaces of a graphics system: model of a graphics system two-dimensional application interface three-dimensional application interface special application interface for bit mapping graphics virtual device interface graphics metafile. Part 2 Graphics system architecture: architecture of a two-dimensional graphics system architectures of three-dimensional graphics system basic Windows system. Part 3 Approaches to graphics system realization: formal description of a graphics system approaches to the realization of a graphics system a distributed graphics system graphics programming. Part 4 Two-dimensional graphics system: mathematical grounds of two-dimensional graphics data structures in a two-dimensional graphics removal of hidden lines and surfaces models of the illumination process shading methods. Part 5 User interface: basic principles of the user interface logical modelling of user interface user interface design user interface implementation.
Surface acoustic wave sensor for liquid-phase application (1999)

The surface acoustic wave with shear horizontal polarized displacement (SH-SAW) sensor fabricated on the 36YX.LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal can measure both mechanical and electrical properties in liquid without any selective films. Especially, the electrical characteristics of the liquid (permittivity and conductivity) can be detected at a high sensitivity because of the high electromechanical coupling coefficient of the substrate. In fields such as food, medicine and environment, the development of a small sensor, which can measure characteristics of the liquid, is desired. The SH-SAW sensor satisfies such a demand. In this report, the detection principles and measurement examples are described. As application examples, enzyme-immobilized biosensor, liquid identification (taste sensor), and identification of ion species by using flow sensing system are presented.
Activation of mannan‐binding lectin‐associated serine proteases leads to generation of a fibrin clot (2009)

The lectin pathway of complement is activated upon binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins (FCNs) to their targets. Upon recognition of targets, the MBL-and FCN-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are activated, allowing them to generate the C3 convertase C4b2a. Recent findings indicate that the MASPs also activate components of the coagulation system. We have previously shown that MASP-1 has thrombin-like activity whereby it cleaves and activates fibrinogen and factor XIII. MASP-2 has factor Xa-like activity and activates prothrombin through cleavage to form thrombin. We now report that purified L-FCN-MASPs complexes, bound from serum to N-acetylcysteine-Sepharose, or MBL-MASPs complexes, bound to mannan-agarose, generate clots when incubated with calcified plasma or purified fibrinogen and factor XIII. Plasmin digestion of the clot and analysis using anti-D-dimer antibodies revealed that the clot was made up of fibrin and was similar to that generated by thrombin in normal human plasma. Fibrinopeptides A and B (FPA and FPB, respectively) were released after fibrinogen cleavage by L-FCN-MASPs complexes captured on N-acetylcysteine-Sepharose. Studies of inhibition of fibrinopeptide release indicated that the dominant pathway for clotting catalysed by the MASPs is via MASP-2 and prothrombin activation, as hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor that does not inhibit MASP-1 and MASP-2, substantially inhibits fibrinopeptide release. In the light of their potent chemoattractant effects on neutrophil and fibroblast recruitment, the MASP-mediated release of FPA and FPB may play a role in early immune activation. Additionally, MASP-catalysed deposition and polymerization of fibrin on the surface of micro-organisms may be protective by limiting the dissemination of infection.
Studies on Propafenone‐type Modulators of Multidrug Resistance III: Variations on the Nitrogen (1997)

Abstract A series of piperazine‐ and piperidine‐analogous propafenone derivatives was synthesized and tested for their ability to modulate PGP‐mediated multidrug resistance. A good correlation between lipophilicity and activity was obtained for a set of 13 compounds. Nevertheless, 4‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylpiperidines 4a–d generally showed higher activity than predicted. A QSAR equation for the complete set of compounds was obtained when using both lipophilicity and an indicator variable for compounds 4a–d (I=1; else I = 0) or H‐bond donor strength of the 4‐hydroxy group (r cv 2 = 0.90; n=17). Synthesis of aniline derivatives demonstrated that the propanolamine nitrogen interacts in protonated form. Studies on a series of diphenylalkylamines indicate, that steric factors also seem to play a role for the interaction of the nitrogen with PGP.
Planar superconducting whispering gallery mode resonators (2013)

We introduce a microwave circuit architecture for quantum signal processing combining design principles borrowed from high-Q 3D resonators in the quantum regime and from planar structures fabricated with standard lithography. The resulting “2.5D” whispering-gallery mode resonators store 98% of their energy in vacuum. We have measured internal quality factors above 3 × 106 at the single photon level and have used the device as a materials’ characterization platform to place an upper bound on the surface resistance of thin film aluminum of less than 250 nΩ.
Measuring accurately-does your calibration technique get the job done? (2002)

When measuring it is important to understand all of the factors which affect accuracy. Using a vision system to measure is no different. Proper selection of the system components is not enough. It is true that most vision systems have the internal capability to extract measurements using sub-pixel techniques, but it is important not to think your system is actually that accurate if you fail to compensate for system induced distortions. The author considers simple calibration, X and Y scaling, perspective and distortion, robust calibration, multiple camera set-ups, multiple camera calibration, and three-dimensional calibration.
A compact Raman microprobe/microscope: Analysis of polydiacetylene Langmuir and Langmuir‐Blodgett films (1991)

Abstract A compact Raman microprobe/microscope has been developed which contains no wavelength dispersive elements. Multilayer dielectric filters, tuned by rotation, provide sufficient wavelength selectivity for taking Raman spectra and forming Raman images of samples as small as 1 μm in diameter. The application of the instrument is demonstrated by Raman spectra and images of polydiacetylene Langmuir and Langmuir‐Blodgett films.
Structure of nucleosome core particles containing uH2A (A24) (1981)

We have purified uH2A (A24) and reconstituted it, in place of H2A, into high molecular weight nucleohistone containing the core histones and DNA. uH2A-containing core particles were then prepared by nuclease digestion and studies on these particles were carried out. We show that two uH2A molecules can be accommodated within a core particle. We also show that the presence of two uH2A molecules in a core particle does not alter significantly either the pattern or the rate of DNase I digestion as compared to both reconstituted and native core particles. Finally, we show that HMG proteins 14 and 17 can bind to uH2A-containing core particles. We conclude that uH2A has little influence on structure at the level of individual nucleosomes.
Gadolinium-DTPA as a Contrast Agent in MR Imaging—Theoretical Projections and Practical Observations (1985)

The theoretical basis for the use of paramagnetic agents to enhance proton relaxation is described. Factors of importance in the design of contrast agents are considered. Measurements of changes in T1 and T2 in vitro due to Gd3+-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) are used to predict changes in the intensity of transverse magnetisation seen with different sequences in magnetic resonance imaging. The use of Gd3+-DTPA in clinical cases is illustrated.