gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in combination with bath PUVA in the treatment of extensive psoriasis (1989)

Thirty-four patients with extensive psoriasis were treated in a double-blind parallel fashion with either acitretin plus bath PUVA (trimethylpsoralen bath + UVA) or etretinate plus bath PUVA. Each group consisted of 17 patients. The dose of retinoid was 40 mg/day during the 2-week monotherapy phase and subsequently 20 mg/day during the combination treatment. Bath PUVA was given three times a week starting with a UVA dose of 0.06 J/cm2. Remission (greater than 90% improvement) was achieved in all patients in 6-10 weeks. There were no significant differences in clinical response between the two groups; the mean +/- SD PASI score (psoriasis area and severity index) before treatment was 22.6 +/- 7.1 in the acitretin-PUVA group and 19.4 +/- 7.8 in the etretinate-PUVA group. The corresponding figures after treatment were 0.6 +/- 0.6 and 1.0 +/- 0.5, respectively. Side-effects related to retinoid treatment were frequent in both groups but they were usually mild and well-tolerated. There was only one case of diffuse alopecia after 8 weeks in the etretinate-PUVA group. Scaling of the palms and soles was seen in six patients in the acitretin-group but only in two patients in the etretinate-group. Triglycerides were elevated in about half of the patients in both groups. The present study shows that acitretin is as effective as etretinate in the combination with bath PUVA.
Directed PCR-free engineering of highly repetitive DNA sequences (2011)

Our seamless cloning strategy is PCR-free and allows the directed and efficient generation of highly repetitive DNA sequences of defined lengths by simple standard cloning procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: SEVEN‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. 23. CYCLIZATION REACTIONS WITH 2‐(β‐STYRYL)BENZYLAMINES. 5‐PHENYL‐1H‐2‐BENZAZEPINES (1977)

Abstract Bei Cyclisierung mit P0013 reagiert das Harnstoffderivat (I) zum Chinolin (II) (Variante der Chinolinsynthese von Foulds‐ Robinson) und die aus dem Benzylamin (III) gebildeten Hanrstoff‐ bzw. Acetylderivate zu den Benzazepinen (IV), (V) bzw. (VI), die zum Teil als Hydrobromide oder Hydrochloride isoliert werden.
Differential activity and lack of synergy of lung surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C in interactions with phospholipids. (1996)

This study shows that the hydrophobic lung surfactant proteins (SP)-B and SP-C are not synergistic in enhancing functionally relevant surface behaviors in films and dispersions with phospholipids, and that SP-B is more effective than SP-C in facilitating surface activity. Purified bovine SP-B, SP. C, or SP-B/C (1/1 by wt) were combined with chroma tographically purified calf lung surfactant phospholipids (PPL), or with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or complex phospholipid mixtures containing 75% or 50% DPPC (75% SPL or 50% SPL). Adsorption was consistently better in corresponding mixtures of phospholipids plus SP-B versus SP-C, but was not improved further by substitution of SP-B/C for SP-B. Interfacial films of DPPC or SPL plus 1.3% SP-B or 1.3% SP-C had improved respreading compared to phospholipids alone (Wilhelmy balance, 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C), but substitution of mixed SP-B/C for either pure apoprotein did not increase respreading further. Surface-excess films of phospholipids plus SP-B had higher maximum surface pressures, or maintained a high maximum pressure through more consecutive compressions, than corresponding films with SP-C. Dispersions of phospholipids plus 1.3% SP-B or mixed (1/1) SP-B/C (2.6%) rapidly lowered surface tension to < 1 mN/m in oscillating bubble studies (20 cpm, 37 degrees C), while corresponding dispersions containing SP-C reduced surface tension more slowly or reached higher minima. Mixtures of 50% SPL with SP-B versus SP-C were also better able to resist inhibition by serum albumin in bubble and adsorption studies, and inhibition resistance was not significantly improved in mixtures containing 2.6% SP-B/C (1/1) versus 1.3% SP-B. The lack of synergy in hydrophobic apoprotein function, coupled with the greater effectiveness of SP-B in improving phospholipid adsorption, dynamic surface activity, and inhibition resistance, suggests that mixtures of phospholipids plus SP-B or related peptides may be particularly relevant its clinical exogenous surfactants.
The Future Constitutional Battle if the United States Ratifies the International Criminal Court Treaty (2003)

The ICC Statute is not a novel idea.The concept of an ICC was first discussed in the late nineteenth century incident to the Hague Conventions. 11However, world politics, concerns about protecting national sovereignty, and the Cold War all contributed to stifling the ICC's development.Although a complete historical review 12 of the effort to create an ICC is beyond the scope of this paper, there are several important milestones the discussion of which will provide context. A. Pre-World War I HistoryThe origin of the creation of an international penal code and ICC can be traced back to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.The First Hague Convention in 1899 is noteworthy for the creation of the Court of Arbitral Justice. 13Then, in 1907 at the Second Hague Peace Conference, various States, including the United States, perceived a conflict between the jurisdictional power of the United States Supreme Court and the potential jurisdictional power of the proposed ICC. 14 As discussed infra, these same concerns exist relating to the United States joining the ICC today.The Hague Convention IV of 1907 Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, which codified the principles of war on land and set out the foundation for the Nuremberg Trials,was an important instrument in the evolving international consensus that an ICC was needed. 15
Beneficial effect of mild hypothermia and detrimental effect of deep hypothermia after cardiac arrest in dogs. (1992)

Mild or moderate cerebral hypothermia induced immediately after cardiac arrest improves cerebral outcome, more likely when initiated during arrest, whereas deep postarrest hypothermia can worsen cerebral and cardiac outcome.
Inhibition of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression by estrogens in human breast cancer cells. (1990)

The c-erbB-2 oncogene is thought to play a relevant role in the development and progression of mammary neoplasia. Using the human breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7, we found that the arrest of cell growth induced by a steroid-depleted medium was accompanied by a strong increase of c-erbB-2 mRNA and of the c-erbB-2-encoded p185 protein. The treatment of arrested cells with estrogens was found to resume cell proliferation and to inhibit dramatically c-erbB-2 expression at both mRNA and protein level. The regulation of c-erbB-2 expression was remarkably different from that observed for c-myc, which was strongly stimulated by estrogens, and ras, whose expression was unaffected all through the treatments. In addition, in the normal rat mammary gland undergoing development and differentiation during pregnancy and lactation, p185 expression was detected only in the functionally differentiated tissue. Altogether, our data indicate that the expression of c-erbB-2 is repressed during estrogen-induced proliferation and enhanced during growth arrest and/or differentiation of mammary cells.
Activation of factor VII bound to tissue factor: a key early step in the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation. (1988)

Whether the factor VII/tissue factor complex that forms in tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation must be activated to factor VIIa/tissue factor before it can activate its substrates, factor X and factor IX, has been a difficult question to answer because the substrates, once activated, back-activate factor VII. Our earlier studies suggested that human factor VII/tissue factor cannot activate factor IX. Studies have now been extended to the activation of factor X. Reaction mixtures were made with purified factor VII, X, and tissue factor; in some experiments antithrombin III and heparin were added to prevent back-activation of factor VII. Factor X was activated at similar rates in reaction mixtures containing either factor VII or factor VIIa after an initial 30-sec lag with factor VII. In reaction mixtures with factor VII a linear activation of factor X was established several minutes before cleavage of 125I-labeled factor VII to the two-chain activated molecule was demonstrable on gel profiles. Adding antithrombin III and heparin blocked activation of factor X by factor VII/tissue factor but not by factor VIIa/tissue factor. When the antithrombin III and heparin were added 1 min after the other reagents, factor VII/tissue factor activation of factor X was not blocked. These data suggest that factor VII/tissue factor cannot activate measurable amounts of factor X over several minutes. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a rapid preferential activation of factor VII bound to tissue factor by trace amounts of factor Xa is a key early step in tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation.
Regulation of Aconitase Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis : Induction, Feedback Repression, and Catabolite Repression (1974)

The synthesis of aconitase in Bacillus subtilis wild-type and different citric acid cycle mutants has been studied and the influence of various growth conditions examined. Aconitase is induced by citrate and precursors of citrate and repressed by glutamate. Induction and repression counteract each other, and at equimolar concentrations of citrate and glutamate, aconitase synthesis is unaffected. Induction by citrate can partly overcome catabolite repression of aconitase. Isocitrate dehydrogenase show endogenous induction of aconitase due to citrate accumulation. Leaky mutants defective in citrate synthase and aconitase cannot be induced by citrate, which indicates that they carry a regulatory mutation. The complex regulation of aconitase is discussed with reference to the participation of this enzyme in glutamate biosynthesis and energy metabolism.
Controlled Acceleration and Inhibition of Bergman Cyclization by Metal Chlorides (1995)

The Bergman cyclization has been the subject of renewed interest with the discovery of naturally occurring enediyne-based antitumor agents that cleave DNA by means of an aromatic diradical. These natural substrates have a means to trigger this cycloaromatization process. Control of this reaction by substrate modification would allow aromatic diradicals to be generated selectively. In the studies presented here it is disclosed that the Bergman cyclization of 1,2-bis(diphenyl phosphinoethynyl) benzene was accelerated by a factor of >30,000 by the addition of palladium(II) chloride or platinum(II) chloride and was inhibited by the addition of mercury(II) chloride.
Fish consumption and CHD mortality: an updated meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies (2011)

Our results indicate that either low (1 serving/week) or moderate fish consumption (2-4 servings/week) has a significantly beneficial effect on the prevention of CHD mortality. High fish consumption (>5 servings/week) possesses only a marginally protective effect on CHD mortality, possibly due to the limited studies included in this group.
Optimizing light-trail assignment to WDM networks for dynamic IP centric traffic (2004)

The rapid growth of IP centric communication in worldwide networks and the parallel mass deployment of fiber based WDM networks have propelled IP over WDM being considered as an eventual solution for bandwidth on demand to customers. Contemporary optical networks are, however, based on lightpath communication and a lightpath represents end-to-end optical circuits from source to destination. Light-trails are a generalization of lightpaths, such that multiple nodes along a trail can participate in time differentiated communication over the same established trail. Managing and setting up of light-trails in order to cater to IP centric traffic is a key to the success of IP centric communication at the optical layer. A light-trail represents an open optical path that allows multiple users to communicate without the need for switch reconfiguration at any user node, the light-trail itself being static. IP communication on the other hand represents a bursty traffic flow often characterized by spurts or bursts of data. The goal of this paper is to show how to create efficient light-trails based virtual topology for a given network traffic flow. We first describe a tree-shaped variant of light-trail, called the clustered light-trail (CLT) and then present optimization techniques for satisfying the given IP centric communication requirements, using the light-trails framework that is very flexible, despite being basically a static mechanism.
Nonlinear filter design: methodologies and challenges (2002)

Linear filtering techniques have serious limitations in dealing with signals that have been created or processed by a system exhibiting some degree of nonlinearity, or, in general, situations where the relevance of information cannot be specified in the frequency domain. In image processing, many of these characteristics are often present, and it is no wonder that image processing is the field where nonlinear filtering techniques have first shown clear superiority over linear filters. Since nonlinear filters are all of those filters that are not linear, there is a large variety of different filters in use, and no common theory can exist. This makes filter design challenging, and optimization is meaningful only after restricting the class. It can be done in several conceptually different ways and, in this paper, we consider these techniques and the optimization methods that go together with the particular restriction. We review polynomial and rational filter classes and the optimization of stack filters under structural constraints and statistical constraints.
Immunohistology and immunocytology of human T-cell chimerism and graft- versus-host disease in SCID mice (1993)

Surprisingly little graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been observed in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected intraperitoneally (IP) with human blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL-SCID), which raised the question as to whether GVHD in such a distant species is sporadic or suppressed because of immunologic reasons. After screening for blood T-cell chimerism, we hereby describe generalized lethal xenogeneic human GVHD in unconditioned SCID chimeras, which resembles GVHD in SCID mice injected with allogeneic lymphocytes. We adapted an immunocytochemical slide method for minute cell numbers, which allowed us to follow, by multimarker phenotyping of weekly mouse- tail bleeds, the chimeric status of 100 hu-PBL-SCID injected with 10(7) or 10(8) hu-PBL of Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV-) donors. More than half of the mice showed no or less than 2% T cells. However, 13% to 21% developed substantial blood T-lymphocyte chimerism (10% to 80% human CD+ cells) and high mortality. Immunohistology showed more human CD8+ than CD4+ T cells in the splenic white pulp. The cells developed HLA-DR activation markers and infiltrated the red pulp where human B cells also appeared. Expression of activation and proliferation markers increased within 5 to 6 weeks. Many human CD3+ cells were also found in the portal triads of the liver and in the lung, pancreas, and kidney. The thymus also became heavily infiltrated. The intestines and skin of hu-PBL-SCID were less infiltrated by donor cells than in SCID with allogeneic GVHD. The tongue contained almost no human T cells. Our data show that a relatively low overall incidence of human xenogeneic GVHD, even when high numbers of human PBL are injected, is the consequence of a dichotomy between mice with no or transient T-cell chimerism and a minority of mice with high-blood T-lymphocyte chimerism and GVHD mortality.
Signalling through kinase-defective domains: the prevalence of atypical receptor-like kinases in plants (2007)

The structure of plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) is similar to that of animal receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane span, and a cytoplasmic domain containing the conserved kinase domain. The mechanism by which animal RTKs, and probably plant RLKs, signal includes the dimerization of the receptor, their intermolecular phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation of downstream signalling proteins. However, atypical RTKs with a kinase-dead domain that signal through phosphorylation-independent mechanisms have also been described in animals. In the last few years, some atypical RLKs have also been reported in plants. Here these examples and their possible signalling mechanisms are reviewed. Plant genomes contain a much larger number of genes coding for receptor kinases than other organisms. The prevalence of atypical RLKs in plants is analysed here. A sequence analysis of the Arabidopsis kinome revealed that 13% of the kinase genes do not retain some of the residues that are considered as invariant within kinase catalytic domains, and are thus putatively kinase-defective. This percentage rises to close to 20% when analysing RLKs, suggesting that phosphorylation-independent mechanisms mediated by atypical RLKs are particularly important for signal transduction in plants.
29.2: 18.1″ Ultra‐FFS TFT‐LCD with Super Image Quality and Fast Response Time (2001)

Abstract Fringe‐field switching device with negative liquid crystal (LC) was known to exhibit high transmittance and wide viewing angle simultaneously. Recently we have developed “Ultra‐FFS” device with positive LC, exhibiting high transmittance, color shift free, high contrast ratio in wide range, no crosstalk and fast response time of 25ms. In this paper, the concept of new device will be presented.
Surface expression of functional IgE binding protein, an endogenous lectin, on mast cells and macrophages (1992)

IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP) is a galactoside-specific lectin containing an S-type carbohydrate-recognition domain. It was originally identified in rat basophilic leukemia cells and is now known to be identical to a macrophage surface Ag, Mac-2, and lectins designated as CBP 35/L-34/RL-29. It has also been related to a nonintegrin laminin-binding protein isolated from mouse macrophages. In this report we have shown the following: epsilon BP is present in variable amounts in several mast cell lines, and the surface expression of epsilon BP in these cell lines is quite variable and does not correlate with the total amount of epsilon BP in the cell. epsilon BP is displayed on the cell surface in a manner that is reversible by lactose, most likely through attachment to yet unidentified glycoconjugates. The putative epsilon BP binding sites on the cell surface can be readily demonstrated by using radiolabeled epsilon BP, and the sites are present in comparable amounts in various cell lines. Expression of epsilon BP on the cell surface can be regulated; the most notable example is the upregulation of surface epsilon BP on RBL cells activated through the high-affinity IgE receptor by IgE immune complexes. Cell-surface epsilon BP is functional as measured by its ability to promote adhesion of trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes to mast cells and macrophages. On the basis of these results and reported properties of related lectins, we propose that the lectin represented by epsilon BP is a new class of cell-adhesion protein.
β1-Integrin: A Potential Therapeutic Target in the Battle against Cancer Recurrence (2011)

Primary cancer treatment, involving both local and often systemic adjuvant therapy, is often successful, especially if the cancer is detected at an early stage of progression. However, for some patients, the cancer may recur either locally or as distant metastases, in some cases many years after apparently successful primary treatment. Significant tumor dormancy has been documented in several cancers, such as breast, melanoma, and renal cancer. Tumor dormancy has long been recognized as an important problem in management of cancer patients. Recent work has clarified biologic aspects of tumor dormancy and has shown that dormant tumor cells may be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation. This work has led to recognition of a key role for β1-integrin in regulating the switch from a dormant state to active proliferation and metastasis. Here we discuss the role of β1-integrin and its signaling partners in regulating the dormant phenotype. We also consider possible therapeutic approaches, such as small molecules or antibodies (ATN-161, volociximab, and JSM6427), directed against β1-integrin signaling to target dormant cancer cells and to prevent metastatic recurrence.
Plasmonics enhanced photomixing for generating quasi-continuous-wave frequency-tunable terahertz radiation (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate an order of magnitude enhancement in the quasi-continuous-wave radiated power from a photomixer with plasmonic contact electrodes in comparison with an analogous conventional photomixer without plasmonic contact electrodes in the 0.25-2.5 THz frequency range when pumped at an optical wavelength of 1550 nm. The significant efficiency enhancement results from the unique capability of the plasmonic contact electrodes to reduce the average transport path of photocarriers to the device contact electrodes, increasing the ultrafast photocurrent that drives the terahertz antenna.
Mutatis mutandis (2005)

Dynamic software updates can be used to fix bugs or add features to a running program without downtime. Essential for some applications and convenient for others, low-level dynamic updating has been used for many years. Perhaps surprisingly, there is little high-level understanding or language support to help programmers write dynamic updates effectively.To bridge this gap, we present Proteus, a core calculus for dynamic software updating in C-like languages that is flexible, safe, and predictable. Proteus supports dynamic updates to functions (even active ones), to named types and to data, allowing on-line evolution to match source-code evolution as we have observed it in practice. We ensure updates are type-safe by checking for a property we call "con-freeness" for updated types t at the point of update. This means that non-updated code will not use t concretely beyond that point (concrete usages are via explicit coercions) and thus t's representation can safely change. We show how con-freeness can be enforced dynamically for a particular program state. We additionally define a novel and efficient static updateability analysis to establish con-freeness statically, and can thus automatically infer program points at which all future (well-formed) updates will be type-safe. We have implemented our analysis for C and tested it on several well-known programs.
A collisional-radiative model applicable to argon discharges over a wide range of conditions. I. Formulation and basic data (1989)

A collisional-radiative model with an extended region of applicability is developed for an argon atom plasma. Atom-atom inelastic collisions and diffusion losses of the metastable states along with the electron-atom inelastic collisions and radiative processes are considered in this model, taking into account 65 effective levels. Among the analytical expressions used for the corresponding cross sections, special attention is paid to those determining the set of cross sections for excitation by electrons from the ground state, owing to the possibility of utilising the formulae recommended in kinetic modelling studies of discharges in argon or in mixtures including argon atoms. The numerical method developed makes it possible to investigate the mechanisms by which the excited levels are populated in a non-equilibrium argon plasma characterised (even in the case of a non-Maxwellian electron distribution) by a set of parameters, such as the electron kinetic temperature Te, the atom temperature Ta, the ion temperature Ti, the electron number density ne, the ground state atom population n1, the discharge tube (or the plasma column) radius R and the optical escape factors Lambda mn and Lambda m, which are dependent only on the quantities Ta, n1 and R in many cases of practical interest.