gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diketopiperazine Receptors: A Novel Class of Highly Selective Receptors for Binding Small Peptides (2001)

A novel class of receptors consisting of a rigid diketopiperazine backbone and peptidic side chains has been developed with the use of combinatorial chemistry. These diketopiperazine receptors interact with peptidic substrates with high specificity as shown in combinatorial on-bead assays. The central diketopiperazine moiety can be easily obtained from natural 4-hydroxyproline and serves as a rigidifying template for the peptidic modules which allow for structural as well as functional variations. Screenings of several dye-marked receptor prototypes against an encoded tripeptide library demonstrated not only the high binding specificities of the diketopiperazine receptors towards peptides but also revealed that small structural changes induce significant changes in their binding properties.
Computational microscopy with programmable illumination and coded aperture (2017)

In this paper, we describe several new approaches for achieving multi-modal computational imaging, including contrast-enhancement imaging, quantitative phase imaging, light field imaging, and lens-less tomographic imaging, with use of a programmable LED array or a programmable LCD panel.
Rabies in vaccinated dogs and cats in the United States, 1997–2001 (2009)

Results suggested that rabies is uncommon in vaccinated dogs and cats but can occur. Veterinarians should include rabies in the differential diagnosis for any dog or cat with clinical signs compatible with rabies regardless of vaccination history. Continued surveillance is imperative to document vaccination failure and identify trends related to vaccination failure.
Gene for the catalytic subunit of the human DNA-activated protein kinase maps to the site of the XRCC7 gene on chromosome 8. (1995)

The DNA-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) is composed of a large (approximately 460 kDa) catalytic polypeptide (DNA-PKcs) and Ku, a heterodimeric DNA-binding component (p70/p80) that targets DNA-PKcs to DNA. A 41-kbp segment of the DNA-PKcs gene was isolated, and a 7902-bp segment was sequenced. The sequence contains a polymorphic Pvu II restriction enzyme site, and comparing the sequence with that of the cDNA revealed the positions of nine exons. The DNA-PKcs gene was mapped to band q11 of chromosome 8 by in situ hybridization. This location is coincident with that of XRCC7, the gene that complements the DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination defects (where V is variable, D is diversity, and J is joining) of hamster V3 and murine severe combined immunodeficient (scid) cells.
Sodium Cyanoborohydride - A Highly Selective Reducing Agent for Organic Functional Groups (1975)

The utility of sodium cyanoborohydride as a selective reducing agent for organic synthesis is reviewed. Firstly a summary of the preparation and properties of sodium cyanoborohydride is given. Then some examples of sodium cyanoborohydride reductions of various systems are given including some applications of sodium cyanoborodeuteride. 1. Preparation 2. Purification 3. Physical Properties 4. Chemical Properties 4.1. Hydrolysis 4.2. Exchange 5. Selective Reducing Properties 5.1. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 5.2. Reduction of Oximes 5.3. Reduction of Enamines 5.4. Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones 5.5. Reductive Alkylation of Amines and Hydrazines 5.6. Reductive Displacement of Halides and Tosylates 5.7. Deoxygenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Aliasing and quantization in the efficient display of images (1979)

A class of image representations that are appropriate for display of continuous-tone imagery with a wide range of digital devices is analyzed. Special cases include pulse-amplitude modulation, ordered dither, and pulse-surface-area modulation. Quantization and Fourier domain aliasing are shown to be important factors in the degradations introduced by the nonlinear display process. The severity of these degradations may be minimized by proper design of the dot profile. Using a simple measure of image quality, the required information density and display resolution are calculated as a function of the number of display luminance levels for a well-known dot profile. Some experimental results are also presented.
Secondary Structure Assignment (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Hydrogen Bond Models Assignment Methods DSSP DSSP STRIDE DEFINE Practical Aspects Emerging and Future Developments Conclusion NMR Acknowledgments References
Fractal neutron optics multilayers in Cantor ternary set pattern (1993)

In the present paper, it is shown that the fractal notion can be used in neutron optics. More specifically, self-similar neutron multilayer mirrors can be made according to the pattern of the Cantor ternary set. These new multilayers have a fractional Hausdorff dimension. The self-similarity gives them new reflectivity properties. Compared with periodic neutron multilayers and supermirrors, these fractal multilayers, with a large number of generations, allow high reflectivity of the order of unity at very short neutron wavelengths.
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C (2012)

The combined creatinine-cystatin C equation performed better than equations based on either of these markers alone and may be useful as a confirmatory test for chronic kidney disease. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.).
Anticancer efficacy in vivo and in vitro, synergy with 5-fluorouracil, and safety of recombinant methioninase. (1998)

The elevated exogenous-methionine dependency of tumors for growth has been observed in all major cancer cell types. We have previously cloned a methioninase (rMETase) from Pseudomonas putida to deplete methionine. Growth inhibition followed by apoptotic cell death was induced by treatment of tumor cells with rMETase in vitro. A single i.p. injection of 300 units of rMETase can lower the serum methionine level in the mice from 70 microM to less than 1 microM within 2 h and maintain this depleted level for 8 h. Repeated dosing of rMETase of tumor-bearing mice could be administered without acute immune-hypersensitivity. rMETase treatment demonstrated growth inhibitory activity against human tumors in nude mice, including those which were multiple drug-resistant. No body weight loss or hematotoxicity, except a slight anemia, was found throughout the therapy. The combined treatment of the Lewis lung carcinoma with a fixed rMETase dose and increasing doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resulted in a dose-dependent enhanced antitumor efficacy for survival as well as tumor growth inhibition. Thus, methionine depletion by rMETase potentiates the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU. The data presented in this report thus indicate that rMETase is active alone, is synergistic in combination with 5-FU, and has negligible toxicity suggesting a novel clinical approach for effective cancer therapy.
Basic and Clinical Immunology of Siglecs (2008)

Siglecs are cell-surface proteins found primarily on hematopoietic cells. By definition, they are members of the immunoglobulin gene super-family and bind sialic acid. Most contain cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs implicated in cell signaling. This review will first summarize characteristics common and unique to Siglecs, followed by a discussion of each human Siglec in numerical order, mentioning in turn its closest murine ortholog or paralog. Each section will describe its pattern of cellular expression, latest known immune functions, ligands, and signaling pathways, with the focus being predominantly on CD33-related Siglecs. Potential clinical and therapeutic implications of each Siglec will also be covered.
Decreased angiogenesis and arthritic disease in rabbits treated with an αvβ3 antagonist (1999)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with intense angiogenesis and vascular expression of integrin alphavbeta3. Intra-articular administration of a cyclic peptide antagonist of integrin alphavbeta3 to rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis early in disease resulted in inhibition of synovial angiogenesis and reduced synovial cell infiltrate, pannus formation, and cartilage erosions. These effects were not associated with lymphopenia or impairment of leukocyte function. Furthermore, when administered in chronic, preexisting disease, the alphavbeta3 antagonist effectively diminished arthritis severity and was associated with a quantitative increase in apoptosis of the angiogenic blood vessels. Therefore, angiogenesis appears to be a central factor in the initiation and persistence of arthritic disease, and antagonists of integrin alphavbeta3 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
Time trends in socio-economic differences in incidence rates of cancers of the breast and female genital organs (Finland, 1971-1995) (1999)

The magnitude of socio-economic differences in health varies between societies, and over time within societies. Even in the Nordic countries, where socio-economic differences are not as striking as elsewhere, such differences have been observed. We have studied social class variation among 45- to 69-year-old Finns during 1971-1995 in the incidence of cancers of the breast, ovary, corpus and cervix uteri, vulva and vagina, by means of a computerised record linkage of the Finnish Cancer Registry and the 1970 Population Census, which included social class data. Cancers of cervix uteri (both invasive and in situ) and vagina were associated with low social class. Cancers of the breast (both in men and women) were most common in high social classes throughout the whole observation period 1971-1995, whereas for cancer of the corpus uteri, the positive social class association disappeared in the early 1980s. For cancer of the vulva and ovary, no clear differences by social class were observed. We believe that socio-economic differences usually point to life styles or life conditions (e.g., reproductive patterns, viral infections, diet, physical activity, prevalence of overweight and obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption or combinations of these factors) that may be risk factors for the specific cancers studied.
Prevention of ischemia–reperfusion-induced hepatic microcirculatory disruption by inhibiting stellate cell contraction using rock inhibitor1 (2003)

Y-27632 attenuates IR-induced hepatic microcirculation disruption by inhibiting contraction of HSCs.
The blocker tag (2003)

We propose the use of selective blocking by as a way of protecting consumers from unwanted scanning of RFID tags attached to items they may be carrying or wearing.While an ordinary RFID tag is a simple, cheap (e.g. five-cent) passive device intended as an electronic bar-code for use in supply-chain management, a blocker tag is a cheap passive RFID device that can simulate many ordinary RFID tags simultaneously. When carried by a consumer, a blocker tag thus blocks RFID readers. It can do so universally by simulating all possible RFID tags. Or a blocker tag can block selectively by simulating only selected subsets of ID codes, such as those by a particular manufacturer, or those in a designated zone.We believe that this approach, when used with appropriate care, provides a very attractive alternative for addressing privacy concerns raised by the potential (and likely) widespread use of RFID tags in consumer products.We also discuss possible abuses arising from blocker tags, and means for detecting and dealing with them.
REBL nanowriter: Reflective Electron Beam Lithography (2009)

REBL (Reflective Electron Beam Lithography) is being developed for high throughput electron beam direct write maskless lithography. The system is specifically targeting 5 to 7 wafer levels per hour throughput on average at the 45 nm node, with extendibility to the 32 nm node and beyond. REBL incorporates a number of novel technologies to generate and expose lithographic patterns at estimated throughputs considerably higher than electron beam lithography has been able to achieve as yet. A patented reflective electron optic concept enables the unique approach utilized for the Digital Pattern Generator (DPG). The DPG is a CMOS ASIC chip with an array of small, independently controllable cells or pixels, which act as an array of electron mirrors. In this way, the system is capable of generating the pattern to be written using massively parallel exposure by ~1 million beams at extremely high data rates (~ 1Tbps). A rotary stage concept using a rotating platen carrying multiple wafers optimizes the writing strategy of the DPG to achieve the capability of high throughput for sparse pattern wafer levels. The exposure method utilized by the DPG was emulated on a Vistec VB-6 in order to validate the gray level exposure method used in REBL. Results of these exposure tests are discussed.
Bewertung und Aufwertung von Waldrändern (1993)

Von 82 im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit im Kanton Solothurn erfassten Waldrändern (Krug 1992) konnte kein einziger als ökologisch wertvoll eingestuft werden. Nur 14 Waldränder befriedigten bezüglich Struktur und Artenvielfalt, die restlichen 68 genügten aus ökologischer Sicht nicht.
Generalized response of a sphere embedded in a viscoelastic medium excited by an ultrasonic radiation force (2011)

The response of an embedded sphere in a viscoelastic medium excited by acoustic radiation force has been studied in both the time- and frequency-domains. This model is important because it can be used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the medium by fitting the response to the theoretical model. The Kelvin-Voigt model has been used exclusively in these models. An extension to the previously reported models is described so that any viscoelastic rheological model can be used. This theoretical development describes the generalized embedded sphere response both in the time and frequency domains. Comparing the results from derivations in both domains showed very good agreement with a median absolute error (MAE) ranging from 0.0044 to 0.0072. Good agreement is demonstrated with finite element model simulations and the theory with a MAE of 0.006. Lastly, results for characterization of gelatin and rubber materials with the new theory are shown where the MAE values were used to determine which rheological model best describes the measured responses.
Phosphatidic acid signaling mediates lung cytokine expression and lung inflammatory injury after hemorrhage in mice. (1995)

Because phosphatidic acid (PA) pathway signaling may mediate many basic reactions involving cytokine-dependent responses, we investigated the effects of CT1501R, a functional inhibitor of the enzyme lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) which converts lysophosphatidic acid (Lyso-PA) to PA. We found that CT1501R treatment not only prevented hypoxia-induced PA increases and lyso-PA consumption in human neutrophils, but also prevented neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence in vitro, and lung injury and lung neutrophil accumulation in mice subjected to hemorrhage and resuscitation. In addition, CT1501R treatment prevented increases in mRNA levels and protein production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines in multiple lung cell populations after blood loss and resuscitation. Our results indicate the fundamental role of PA metabolism in the development of acute inflammatory lung injury after blood loss.
Polymer-bound C60 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-bound C60Kurt E. Geckeler and Andreas HirschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9, 3850–3851Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00062a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00062a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views844Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
TRIG: Hardware Accelerator for Inference-Based Applications and Experimental Demonstration Using Carbon Nanotube FETs (2018)

The energy efficiency demands of future abundant-data applications, e.g., those which use inference-based techniques to classify large amounts of data, exceed the capabilities of digital systems today. Field-effect transistors (FETs) built using nanotechnologies, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), can improve energy efficiency significantly. However, carbon nanotube FETs (CNFETs) are subject to process variations inherent to CNTs: variations in CNT type (semiconductor or metallic), CNT density, or CNT diameter, to name a few. These CNT variations can degrade CNFET benefits at advanced technology nodes. One path to overcome CNT variations is to co-optimize CNT processing and CNFET circuit design; however, the required CNT process advancements have not been achieved experimentally. We present a new design approach (TRIG, Technique for Reducing errors using Iterative Gray code) to overcome process variations in hardware accelerators targeting inference-based applications that use serial matrix operations (serial: accumulated over at least 2 clock cycles). We demonstrate that TRIG can retain the major energy efficiency benefits (quantified using Energy Delay Product or EDP) of CNFETs despite CNT variations that exist in today's CNFET fabrication - without requiring further CNT processing improvements to overcome CNT variations. As a case study, we analyze the effectiveness of TRIG for a binary neural network hardware accelerator that classifies images. Despite CNT variations that exist today, TRIG can maintain 99% (90%) of projected EDP benefits of CNFET digital circuits for 90% (99%) image classification accuracy target. We also demonstrate experimentally fabricated CNFET circuits to compute scalar product (a common matrix operation, also called dot product), with and without TRIG: TRIG reduces the mean difference between the expected result (no errors) and the experimentally computed result by 30 × in the presence of CNT variations, shown experimentally.
Role of Ca2+Ions in Nicotinic Facilitation of GABA Release in Mouse Thalamus (1997)

Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are present in many regions of the brain and potentially serve as targets for the pharmacological action of nicotine in vivo. To investigate their mechanism of action, we performed patch-clamp recordings in relay neurons from slices of thalamus sensory nuclei. In these nuclei, nAChR activation facilitated the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Micromolar concentrations of nicotinic agonists increased the frequency of miniature GABAergic synaptic currents and decreased the failure rate of evoked synaptic currents. These actions of nicotinic agonists were not observed in knock-out mice lacking the beta 2 nAChR subunit gene. Nicotinic effects were dependent on extracellular calcium ions, and they persisted when calcium was replaced by strontium or barium but not by magnesium. Furthermore, in high extracellular calcium concentrations, nicotinic agonists evoked an increase in spontaneous release lasting for minutes after removal of the agonist. This supports the view that presynaptic nAChRs facilitate the release of neurotransmitter by increasing the calcium concentrations in presynaptic nerve endings. With use of cadmium and nickel ions as selective blockers, it was found that in different sensory nuclei the presynaptic influx of calcium could result either from the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels or from a direct influx through nAChR channels. Finally, we propose that the nicotinic facilitation of GABAergic transmission may contribute to the increase of signal-to-noise ratio observed in the thalamus in vivo during arousal.
Enhanced Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by the Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (2009)

Coexpression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor (CSF-1R) in metastatic ovarian cancer specimens is a predictor of poor outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. This suggests that an autocrine loop is produced by which ovarian tumors can secrete CSF-1 stimulating the CSF-1R resulting in a more aggressive phenotype. Our current work sought to validate this autocrine stimulation model using stable transfection of a 4-kb CSF-1 construct into otherwise nonvirulent Bix3 ovarian cancer cells. A representative clone, Bix3T8.2, produced a 72-fold increase in CSF-1 gene transcription rate (by nuclear run-off assays) and a 57-fold increase in secreted CSF-1 protein (by sandwich ELISA), compared to parent cells. Comparison of Bix3T8.2 invasion, adhesion, and motility in vitro and metastasis in vivo were made to parental and transfectant controls. Up to 12-fold higher invasiveness was seen with Bix3T8.2 and 2- and 6-fold higher adhesion and motility, respectively, over controls in vitro. In nude mice, i.p. injection of Bix3T8.2 produced a wide array of visceral, nodal, and distant metastasis with a degree of enhanced tumor burden not seen in any of the 10 mice inoculated with transfectant control cells. Complete absence of tumor take distinguished 40% of mice implanted with transfectant control cells. Disruption of this autocrine loop using antisense oligomer therapy against CSF-1R and 3' untranslated region knockdown of CSF-1 protein resulted in reversal of in vitro and in vivo tumor phenotypes. This CSF-1 feedback loop offers a model by which novel biologic therapies can potentially target multiple levels of this pathway.
On the Selective Packaging of Genomic RNA by HIV-1 (2016)

Like other retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) selectively packages genomic RNA (gRNA) during virus assembly. However, in the absence of the gRNA, cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are packaged. While the gRNA is selected because of its cis-acting packaging signal, the mechanism of this selection is not understood. The affinity of Gag (the viral structural protein) for cellular RNAs at physiological ionic strength is not much higher than that for the gRNA. However, binding to the gRNA is more salt-resistant, implying that it has a higher non-electrostatic component. We have previously studied the spacer 1 (SP1) region of Gag and showed that it can undergo a concentration-dependent conformational transition. We proposed that this transition represents the first step in assembly, i.e., the conversion of Gag to an assembly-ready state. To explain selective packaging of gRNA, we suggest here that binding of Gag to gRNA, with its high non-electrostatic component, triggers this conversion more readily than binding to other RNAs; thus we predict that a Gag-gRNA complex will nucleate particle assembly more efficiently than other Gag-RNA complexes. New data shows that among cellular mRNAs, those with long 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) are selectively packaged. It seems plausible that the 3'-UTR, a stretch of RNA not occupied by ribosomes, offers a favorable binding site for Gag.