gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-activity relationship of adrenomedullin, a novel vasodilatory peptide, in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. (1994)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from rat aorta possess specific receptors for a novel potent vasorelaxant peptide, adrenomedullin (AM). To elucidate its receptor coupling to guanine nucleotide-binding stimulatory protein and the structural requirement of the AM molecule to its vascular receptors, we have studied the effects of guanine nucleotides on [125I]human (h) AM binding and adenylate cyclase activity in cultured rat VSMC, and the effects of various synthetic hAM analogs on [125I]hAM binding and the cAMP response. Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) dose dependently inhibited [125I]hAM binding to rat VSMC membranes. hAM stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, and its effect was additive with GTP. hAM-induced cAMP formation was abrogated by pretreatment with cholera toxin, but not by that with pertussis toxin. Intact hAM-(1-52)-NH2 and N-terminal truncated derivatives [hAM-(13-52)-NH2, hAM-(16-52)-NH2] almost equally inhibited [125I]hAM binding and stimulated cAMP formation, whereas removal of C-terminal Tyr52 residue [hAM-(1-51)-NH2] remarkably decreased receptor-binding activity and the cAMP response. The effects of hAM-(1-52)-OH, hAM-(1-51)-OH, and a linear hAM analog ([carbamoylmethyl-Cys16,21]hAM-NH2) were far less potent on receptor binding and the cAMP response than that of hAM-(1-52)-NH2. The C-terminal fragment [hAM-(33-52)-NH2] and the N-terminal fragment [hAM-(1-10)-OH] had neither receptor-binding nor adenylate cyclase activity. hAM-(22-52)-NH2 had no agonistic effect, but showed an antagonistic effect on the hAM-induced cAMP response. These data suggest that vascular AM receptors are functionally coupled to adenylate cyclase via guanine nucleotide-binding stimulatory protein. Studies of the structure-activity relationship of hAM revealed that the cyclic structure formed by the disulfide bridge and amidation of the C-terminal residue of the AM molecule are critical for receptor binding and subsequent cAMP generation and suggest that the C-terminal fragment hAM-(22-52)-NH2 may be an antagonist for vascular AM receptors.
Production of α1,3-Galactosyltransferase-Knockout Cloned Pigs Expressing Human α1,2-Fucosylosyltransferase1 (2003)

The production of genetically engineered pigs as xenotransplant donors aims to solve the severe shortage of organs for transplantation in humans. The first barrier to successful xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection (HAR). HAR is a rapid and massive humoral immune response directed against the pig carbohydrate Galalpha 1,3-Gal epitope, which is synthesized by alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3-GT). The Galalpha 1,3-Gal antigen also contributes to subsequent acute vascular rejection events. Genetic modifications of donor pigs transgenic for human complement regulatory proteins or different glycosyltransferases to downregulate Galalpha 1,3-Gal expression have been shown to significantly delay xenograft rejection. However, the complete removal of the Galalpha 1,3-Gal antigen is the most attractive option. In this study, the 5' end of the alpha 1,3-GT gene was efficiently targeted with a nonisogenic DNA construct containing predominantly intron sequences and a Kozak translation initiation site to initiate translation of the neomycin resistance reporter gene. We developed two novel polymerase chain reaction screening methods to detect and confirm the targeted G418-resistant clones. This is the first study to use Southern blot analysis to demonstrate the disruption of the alpha 1,3-GT gene in somatic HT-transgenic pig cells before they were used for nuclear transfer. Transgenic male pigs were produced that possess an alpha 1,3-GT knockout allele and express a randomly inserted human alpha 1,2-fucosylosyltransferase (HT) transgene. The generation of homozygous alpha 1,3-GT knockout pigs with the HT-transgenic background is underway and will be unique. This approach intends to combine the alpha 1,3-GT knockout genotype with a ubiquitously expressed fucosyltransferase transgene producing the universally tolerated H antigen. This approach may prove to be more effective than the null phenotype alone in overcoming HAR and delayed xenograft rejection.
Optimization of Huff-n-Puff Gas Injection to Enhance Oil Recovery in Shale Reservoirs (2016)

Abstract When the oil price is low, it is essential to optimize an EOR process in low-permeability reservoir, especially in unconventional shale oil reservoirs. Gas huff-n-puff, has shown to be an effective EOR method. This paper is to optimize this process to enhance oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs. To optimize the huff-n-puff process, we need a field model. However, such field data were not available to us. In this paper, we first upscale laboratory-scale data to field-scale. In the laboratory, methane huff-n-puff experiments were conducted using the Wolfcamp core plugs with the same length of 2″ and different diameters (1.5″, 2″, 3″ and 4″) at injection pressure of 2000 psi. The cores were saturated with the Wolfcamp crude oil. A composition model was built to history match the experimental data. Then the model was scaled up to a field-scale model for the optimization study. The study is to optimize: 1) gas injection time and injection rate; 2) gas production time and production rate; 3) soaking time; 4) gas injection pore volume. The simulation results show that the most effective optimization is to increase the pressure gradient during huff and puff periods so that the maximum average pressure gradient in the matrix can be achieved at a fixed operation time. The pressure gradient is increased by increasing injection pressure or decreasing production pressure. Before reaching the set injection pressure or production pressure, the oil recovery in one huff-n-puff cycle increases, as the injection and production times are increased. After reaching the set injection pressure and production pressure, increasing the huff or puff time will not lead to a significantly more oil recovery. There exist optimum values for injection rate during huff process and production rate during puff process. When the rate is less than the optimal value, the oil recovery increases as the operation rate increases. When the operation rate is higher than the optimal value, increasing the injection rate will lead to slightly decline in the oil recovery, while further increasing production rate will cause insignificant oil recovery increase. We also found that adding soaking time will decrease oil recovery.
Engineering Δ9-16:0-Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Desaturase Specificity Based on Combinatorial Saturation Mutagenesis and Logical Redesign of the Castor Δ9-18:0-ACP Desaturase (2001)

Six amino acid locations in the soluble castor Delta(9)-18:0-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase were identified that can affect substrate specificity. Combinatorial saturation mutagenesis of these six amino acids, in conjunction with selection, using an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph system, led to the isolation of variants with up to 15-fold increased specific activity toward 16-carbon substrates. The most improved mutant, com2, contained two substitutions (T117R/G188L) common to five of the 19 complementing variants subjected to further analysis. These changes, when engineered into otherwise wild-type 18:0-ACP desaturase to make mutant 5.2, produced a 35-fold increase in specific activity with respect to 16-carbon substrates. Kinetic analysis revealed changes in both k(cat) and K(m) that result in an 82-fold improvement in specificity factor for 16-carbon substrate compared with wild-type enzyme. Improved substrate orientation apparently compensated for loss of binding energy that results from the loss of desolvation energy for 16-carbon substrates. Mutant 5.2 had specific activity for 16-carbon substrates 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of known natural 16-carbon specific desaturases. These data support the hypothesis that it should be possible to reengineer archetypal enzymes to achieve substrate specificities characteristic of recently evolved enzymes while retaining the desired stability and/or turnover characteristics of a parental paralog.
Bulk, surface, and blood-contacting properties of polyetherurethanes modified with polyethylene oxide (1989)

The bulk, surface, and blood-contacting properties of a series of polyether polyurethanes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) (MW = 1450), polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) (MW = 1000), and mixed PEO/PTMO soft segments were evaluated. The effect of varying the weight percentage of PEO, and thus the overall polarity of the mixed soft segment phase, was investigated. Two polymer blends prepared from a PTMO-based and a PEO-based polyurethane were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the polyurethanes based on either the PEO or the PTMO soft segments are relatively phase mixed. The degree of phase mixing in the polymers increased with increasing weight fraction of PEO. As expected, water absorption and the hydrophilicity of the polymer increased with increasing PEO soft segment content. In vacuum, the PEO-rich polymers have a lower concentration of soft segment at the surface, possibly due to the migration of the polar PEO segments away from the polymer/vacuum interface. The blood-contacting results indicated that the higher PEO-containing polymers were more thrombogenic than the pure PTMO-based polyurethane. A threshold concentration of PEO in the polyurethane appeared to be required before the blood-contacting properties were significantly affected.
Enzymic Mediated Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers at the Langmuir Trough Air-Water Interface (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic Mediated Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers at the Langmuir Trough Air-Water InterfaceFerdinando F. Bruno, Joseph A. Akkara, Lynne A. Samuelson, David L. Kaplan, Braja K. Mandal, Kenneth A. Marx, Jayant Kumar, and Sukant K. TripathyCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 3, 889–892Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00003a035https://doi.org/10.1021/la00003a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Salicylanilide Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii (2012)

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause eye disease, brain disease, and death, especially in congenitally infected and immune-compromised people. Novel medicines effective against both active and latent forms of the parasite are greatly needed. The current study focused on the discovery of such medicines by exploring a family of potential inhibitors whose antiapicomplexan activity has not been previously reported. Initial screening efforts revealed that niclosamide, a drug approved for anthelmintic use, possessed promising activity in vitro against T. gondii. This observation inspired the evaluation of the activity of a series of salicylanilides and derivatives. Several inhibitors with activities in the nanomolar range with no appreciable in vitro toxicity to human cells were identified. An initial structure-activity relationship was explored. Four compounds were selected for evaluation in an in vivo model of infection, and two derivatives with potentially enhanced pharmacological parameters demonstrated the best activity profiles.
An Audit on the Placement and Replacement of Restorations in a General Dental Practice (2002)

The principal reasons for placement and replacement of restorations in this study were repairs to tooth fractures. The proportion of amalgams and composites decreased with age while the proportion of glass ionomers increased.
Characterization of the human PIM-1 gene: a putative proto-oncogene coding for a tissue specific member of the protein kinase family. (1987)

The mouse PIM-1 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of virally-induced mouse lymphomas. We have cloned and analyzed the human homologue of the mouse PIM-1 gene to investigate its role in human lymphoma and leukemia. Overlapping cDNA clones from a K562 (human erythroleukemia cell line) library were isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology to a number of the protein kinases but did not have a transmembrane region. Genomic clones from the 380 cell line (human B cell leukemia) were analyzed. The PIM-1 transcript was found to derive from 5 Kb of genomic DNA. Six exons and five introns were identified. The promoter region has no TATA or CAAT boxes, but did have multiple potential Sp1 binding sites (CCGCCC). Studies of expression of this gene using Northern blots of human cell lines showed it to be transcribed primarily in B lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. The characterization of the human PIM-1 gene will allow the definition of its role in hemopoietic malignancies and in hematolymphoid differentiation.
Noninvasive optical measures of CBV, StO 2 , CBF index, and rCMRO 2 in human premature neonates' brains in the first six weeks of life (2009)

With the causes of perinatal brain injuries still unclear and the probable role of hemodynamic instability in their etiology, bedside monitoring of neonatal cerebral hemodynamics with standard values as a function of age are needed. In this study, we combined quantitative frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) measures of cerebral tissue oxygenation (StO(2)) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) with diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measures of a cerebral blood flow index (CBF(ix)) to test the validity of the CBV-CBF relationship in premature neonates and to estimate cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO(2)) with or without the CBF(ix) measurement. We measured 11 premature neonates (28-34 weeks gestational age) without known neurological issues, once a week from one to six weeks of age. In nine patients, cerebral blood velocities from the middle cerebral artery were collected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) and compared with DCS values. Results show a steady decrease in StO(2) during the first six weeks of life while CBV remains stable, and a steady increase in CBF(ix). rCMRO(2) estimated from FD-NIRS remains constant but shows wide interindividual variability. rCMRO(2) calculated from FD-NIRS and DCS combined increased by 40% during the first six weeks of life with reduced interindividual variability. TCD and DCS values are positively correlated. In conclusion, FD-NIRS combined with DCS offers a safe and quantitative bedside method to assess CBV, StO(2), CBF, and rCMRO(2) in the premature brain, facilitating individual follow-up and comparison among patients. A stable CBV-CBF relationship may not be valid for premature neonates.
Linux video production: the state of the art (2006)

There is a surprising plethora of Linux tools available for manipulating images, creating and editing videos. What are they and how do they stack up?
Ex Vivo-Generated CD36 + Erythroid Progenitors Are Highly Permissive to Human Parvovirus B19 Replication (2007)

The pathogenic parvovirus B19 (B19V) has an extreme tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells. In vitro, only a few erythroid leukemic cell lines (JK-1 and KU812Ep6) or megakaryoblastoid cell lines (UT7/Epo and UT7/Epo-S1) with erythroid characteristics support B19V replication, but these cells are only semipermissive. By using recent advances in generating large numbers of human erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) ex vivo from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we produced a pure population of CD36(+) EPCs expanded and differentiated from CD34(+) HSCs and assessed the CD36(+) EPCs for their permissiveness to B19V infection. Over more than 3 weeks, cells grown in serum-free medium expanded more than 800,000-fold, and 87 to 96% of the CD36(+) EPCs were positive for globoside, the cellular receptor for B19V. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining showed that about 77% of the CD36(+) EPCs were positive for B19V infection, while about 9% of UT7/Epo-S1 cells were B19V positive. Viral DNA detected by real-time PCR increased by more than 3 logs in CD36(+) EPCs; the increase was 1 log in UT7/Epo-S1 cells. Due to the extensive permissivity of CD36(+) EPCs, we significantly improved the sensitivity of detection of infectious B19V by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and IF staining 100- and 1,000-fold, respectively, which is greater than the sensitivity of UT7/Epo-S1 cell-based methods. This is the first description of an ex vivo method to produce large numbers of EPCs that are highly permissive to B19V infection and replication, offering a cellular system that mimics in vivo infection with this pathogenic human virus.
Antitumor Activity of Combined Blockade of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Protein Kinase A (1996)

Since these inhibitors of intracellular mitogenic (growth-stimulating) signaling have a different mechanism(s) of action and do not antagonize the effects of cytotoxic therapy, a combination of anti-EGFR MAb C225 and 8-Cl-cAMP should be investigated as a nontoxic, long-term treatment for cancer patients following chemotherapy.
Broken homology and the Fundamental Plane (1997)

We investigate the influence of broken structural and dynamical homology upon the (FP) with a set of Virgo EIsa galaxies.
Electronic structure of chiral graphene tubules (1992)

The electronic structure for graphene monolayer tubules is predicted as a function of the diameter and helicity of the constituent graphene tubules. The calculated results show that approximately 1/3 of these tubules are a one-dimensional metal which is stable against a Peierls distortion, and the other 2/3 are one-dimensional semiconductors. The implications of these results are discussed.
Projections of Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States: 1985-20251 (1988)

Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer death in the United States for the larger part of this century. Increases in smoking prevalence from the 1900s through the 1950s have resulted in more than 100,000 deaths annually. Because of the changes during the last three decades in smoking prevalence, the decreasing tar content of cigarettes, and the increasing popularity of low-tar cigarettes, trends in lung cancer are difficult to predict. This article presents an analysis of smoking and lung cancer data using an age-period-cohort model for projecting lung cancer mortality through the year 2025. The projections are based on the initial parameterization of the model and on prevention objectives related to smoking behavior established by the National Cancer Institute. It is concluded that the recent trends in lung cancer are unlikely to be affected by changes in cigarette composition and consumption in the near term, but increasing the effectiveness of anti-smoking campaigns can have a considerable effect on lung cancer rates in the more distant future.
Production of human embryonic haemoglobin (Gower II) in a yeast expression system (1994)

The cDNA coding for a human embryonic globin protein has been obtained from an erythroleukaemic cell line. A plasmid expression system for human embryonic haemoglobin Gower II containing cDNA copies of the appropriate pair of globin genes coupled to synthetic galactose-regulated hybrid promoters has been engineered. Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with this plasmid yields a cellular system capable of high-level production of fully functional tetrameric embryonic haemoglobin. We have developed a purification scheme which gives high yields of pure human embryonic haemoglobin suitable for structural and functional studies. Preliminary characterization studies are reported.
PWM as a Low Cost Method for the Analog Control of MEMS Devices (2019)

In this paper, we discuss the use of pulse width modulation (PWM) to control analog MEMS devices. We achieve a precise linear analog control of MEMS by applying PWM signal with a frequency well above the system's mechanical natural frequency. We first demonstrate this using a parallel plate actuator and comb-drive, and then extend the technique to control a commercial deformable mirror. Such an approach allows the system designer to replace expensive drive electronics such as the high precision DACs and high voltage, linear amplifiers with a simple on-off switch. The advancements in the electronics industry tend to make precise timing cheaper and faster; our approach exploits these long-term trends to create low-cost control circuits. We also show how PWM control can linearize the positional response of the devices, where typically the position would depend quadratically on the applied analog voltage.
Local nature of artificial homojunction band discontinuities (1992)

The feasibility of creating homojunction band discontinuities by dipole intralayers was recently demonstrated with photoemission studies. We explored the nature of this intriguing mechanism by studying the effects of several complex intralayers, specifically stacked sequences of dipole intralayers. Quite unexpectedly, we found that the magnitude of the corresponding discontinuities is comparable to those created by individual dipole intralayers. We discuss this result in light of the recently observed [L. Sorba, G. Bratina, G. Ceccone, A. Antonini, J. F. Walker, M. Micovic, and A. Franciosi, Phys. Rev. B 43, 2450 (1991)], similarly unpredicted saturation at low thickness of intralayer-induced heterojunction band discontinuities modifications.
Color and constitution. Part 8. Some novel dyestuffs containing indoxyl residues (1988)

Abstract Novel dyes containing C ‐likned indoxyl residues are prepared by two routes: (a) by the reaction of C ‐electrophiles with N ‐acetylindoxyl and (b) by the reaction of active methylene compounds with 2‐chloroindole‐3‐one. The visible absorption spectra are recorded and discussed.
Real-time core body temperature estimation from heart rate for first responders wearing different levels of personal protective equipment (2015)

An algorithm to estimate core temperature (Tc) from non-invasive measures of HR was validated. Three independent studies (n = 27) compared the estimated Tc to the observed Tc in humans participating in chemical/ biological hazard training. The algorithm’s bias and variance to observed data were similar to that found from comparisons of oesophageal and rectal measurements.