gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Nuclear Transfer-Derived Piglets Using Porcine Fetal Fibroblasts Transfected with the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein1 (2003)

A system for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was developed and led to the successful production of GFP-transfected piglets. In experiment 1, two groups of SCNT couplets reconstructed with porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF) and enucleated sow (S) or gilt oocytes (G): 1). received a simultaneous electrical fusion/activation (S-EFA or G-EFA groups), or 2). were electrically fused followed by activation with ionomycin (S-EFIA or G-EFIA groups), or 3). were subjected to electrical fusion and subsequent activation by ionomycin, followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine treatment (S-EFIAD or G-EFIAD groups). The frequency of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in S-EFA (26%) compared with that observed in the other experimental groups (P < 0.05), but not with S-EFIA (23%). Sow oocytes yielded significantly higher cleavage frequencies (68%-69%) and total cell numbers of blastocysts when compared with gilt oocytes, regardless of fusion/activation methods (P < 0.05). However, the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM)/total cells in G-EFA and S-EFA was significantly lower than in the other groups (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, SCNT couplets reconstructed with PFF cultured in the presence or absence of serum and enucleated sow oocytes were subjected to EFA. There were no effects of serum starvation on cell-cycle synchronization, developmental competence, total cell numbers, and ratio of ICM/total cells. In experiment 3, SCNT couplets reconstructed with PFF transfected with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene using FuGENE-6 and enucleated sow oocytes were subjected to EFA and cultured for 7 days. Expression frequencies of GFP gene during development were 100%, 78%, 72%, 71%, and 70% in fused, two-cell, four to eight cells, morulae, and blastocysts, respectively. In experiment 4, SCNT embryos derived from different recipient cytoplasts (sows or gilts) and donor karyoplasts (PFF or GFP-transfected) were subjected to EFA and transferred to the oviducts of surrogates. The pregnancy rates in SCNT embryos derived from sow oocytes (66%-69%) were higher than those with gilt oocytes (23%-27%) regardless of donor cell types. One live offspring from GFP-SCNT embryos and two from PFF-SCNT embryos were delivered. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the clones were genetically identical to the donor cells and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA of cloned piglets and subsequent southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of EGFP gene into chromosomes.
Exploiting radio hierarchies for power efficient wireless device discovery and connection setup (2005)

We propose the coordinated use of multiple heterogeneous wireless technologies to optimize the latency and power consumption of mobile systems during device discovery and connection setup. We present several multi-radio connection establishment techniques, which exploit the wide disparity in the power and performance characteristics of different radios to create an efficient and flexible communication subsystem. Our techniques enable mobile devices to combine the strengths of these diverse technologies, thereby powering down higher power radios when their capabilities are not needed and using a hierarchical radio structure for device discovery and connection setup. Experiments using a prototype multi-radio device show that the use of radio hierarchies results in significant power savings, and often improves connection setup latency as well.
A simple neural network model of the hippocampus suggesting its pathfinding role in episodic memory retrieval (2005)

The goal of this work is to extend the theoretical understanding of the relationship between hippocampal spatial and memory functions to the level of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying spatial navigation and episodic memory retrieval. The proposed unifying theory describes both phenomena within a unique framework, as based on one and the same pathfinding function of the hippocampus. We propose a mechanism of reconstruction of the context of experience involving a search for a nearly shortest path in the space of remembered contexts. To analyze this concept in detail, we define a simple connectionist model consistent with available rodent and human neurophysiological data. Numerical study of the model begins with the spatial domain as a simple analogy for more complex phenomena. It is demonstrated how a nearly shortest path is quickly found in a familiar environment. We prove numerically that associative learning during sharp waves can account for the necessary properties of hippocampal place cells. Computational study of the model is extended to other cognitive paradigms, with the main focus on episodic memory retrieval. We show that the ability to find a correct path may be vital for successful retrieval. The model robustly exhibits the pathfinding capacity within a wide range of several factors, including its memory load (up to 30,000 abstract contexts), the number of episodes that become associated with potential target contexts, and the level of dynamical noise. We offer several testable critical predictions in both spatial and memory domains to validate the theory. Our results suggest that (1) the pathfinding function of the hippocampus, in addition to its associative and memory indexing functions, may be vital for retrieval of certain episodic memories, and (2) the hippocampal spatial navigation function could be a precursor of its memory function.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Polymers as Drug Carriers (1997)

This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of polyethylene glycol modified dextran and poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine] (PHEG). The graft copolymers show aggregate formation in the liquid and solid state. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluation revealed that the PEG-modified polymers are interesting as potential drug carriers.
Macrocyclization under thermodynamic control. A theoretical study and its application to the equilibrium cyclooligomerization of .beta.-propiolactone (1993)

A general treatment of macrocyclization reactions occurring under thermodynamic control is presented. The fundamental quantities on which the treatment is based are the effective molarities of the cyclic oligomers and the equilibrium constant for the intermolecular model reaction between monofunctional reactants (K(inter)). Four typical cases have been considered, namely, addition and condensation of a monomer of the type A-B, addition of A-A, and addition of A-A + B-B. A critical comparison with the classical theory of Jacobson and Stockmayer is presented. It is shown that the phenomenon characterized by the critical monomer concentration (cut-off point) is a limiting phenomenon which would occur only for infinitely large values of K(inter). The treatment has been successfully applied to the DOS/DTC-induced cyclooligomerization of beta-propiolactone in CDCl3 solution that yields well-behaved ring-chain equilibrates closely adhering to the theoretical model. Best fit of the experimental product distributions to the general equations gave the equilibrium constant (K(inter)) of the intermolecular model reaction, as well as the effective molarities (EM(i)) for the cyclic oligomers from trimer to octamer. The EM(i) values decrease in proportion of the -2.5 power of the oligomerization degree, thus providing a strong indication that the oligomeric polylactones are essentially strainless. The extremely low value of K(inter) (2.5) is responsible for the absence of a cut-off point, which is usually present in ring-chain polymeric equilibrates.
p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy for cancer. (1999)

Gene therapy has the potential to provide cancer treatments based on novel mechanisms of action with potentially low toxicities. This therapy may provide more effective control of locoregional recurrence in diseases like non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as systemic control of micrometastases. Despite current limitations, retroviral and adenoviral vectors can, in certain circumstances, provide an effective means of delivering therapeutic genes to tumor cells. Although multiple genes are involved in carcinogenesis, mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent abnormality identified in human tumors. Preclinical studies both in vitro and in vivo have shown that restoring p53 function can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. High levels of p53 expression and DNA-damaging agents like cisplatin (Platinol) and ionizing radiation work synergistically to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase I clinical trials now show that p53 gene replacement therapy using both retroviral and adenoviral vectors is feasible and safe. In addition, p53 gene replacement therapy induces tumor regression in patients with advanced NSCLC and in those with recurrent head and neck cancer. This article describes various gene therapy strategies under investigation, reviews preclinical data that provide a rationale for the gene replacement approach, and discusses the clinical trial data available to date.
Geometric camera calibration using circular control points (2000)

Modern CCD cameras are usually capable of a spatial accuracy greater than 1/50 of the pixel size. However, such accuracy is not easily attained due to various error sources that can affect the image formation process. Current calibration methods typically assume that the observations are unbiased, the only error is the zero-mean independent and identically distributed random noise in the observed image coordinates, and the camera model completely explains the mapping between the 3D coordinates and the image coordinates. In general, these conditions are not met, causing the calibration results to be less accurate than expected. In the paper, a calibration procedure for precise 3D computer vision applications is described. It introduces bias correction for circular control points and a nonrecursive method for reversing the distortion model. The accuracy analysis is presented and the error sources that can reduce the theoretical accuracy are discussed. The tests with synthetic images indicate improvements in the calibration results in limited error conditions. In real images, the suppression of external error sources becomes a prerequisite for successful calibration.
Increased Levels of the FoxM1 Transcription Factor Accelerate Development and Progression of Prostate Carcinomas in both TRAMP and LADY Transgenic Mice (2006)

The proliferation-specific Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1 or FoxM1b) transcription factor is overexpressed in a number of aggressive human carcinomas. Mouse hepatocytes deficient in FoxM1 fail to proliferate and are highly resistant to developing carcinogen-induced liver tumors. We previously developed a transgenic (TG) mouse line in which the ubiquitous Rosa26 promoter was used to drive expression of the human FoxM1b cDNA transgene in all mouse cell types. To investigate the role of FoxM1b in prostate cancer progression, we bred Rosa26-FoxM1b mice with both TRAMP and LADY TG mouse models of prostate cancer. We show that increased expression of FoxM1b accelerated development, proliferation, and growth of prostatic tumors in both TRAMP and LADY double TG mice. Furthermore, development of prostate carcinomas in TRAMP/Rosa26-FoxM1b double TG mice required high levels of FoxM1 protein to overcome sustained expression of the alternative reading frame tumor suppressor, a potent inhibitor of FoxM1 transcriptional activity. Depletion of FoxM1 levels in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, LNCaP, or DU-145 by small interfering RNA transfection caused significant reduction in proliferation and anchorage-independent growth on soft agar. This phenotype was associated with increased nuclear levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein p27(Kip1) and diminished expression of S-phase promoting cyclin A2 and M-phase promoting cyclin B1 proteins. Finally, we show that elevated levels of FoxM1 protein correlate with high proliferation rates in human prostate adenocarcinomas. Our results suggest that the FoxM1 transcription factor regulates development and proliferation of prostate tumors, and that FoxM1 is a novel target for prostate cancer treatment.
Fragebogen zum Ergebnis von Psychotherapie: (2002)

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Routinemäßige Qualitätssicherung psychotherapeutischer Versorgung erfordert Instrumente zur unaufwendigen, aber zuverlässigen Erfassung von Behandlungsergebnissen. Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist eine deutsche Adaptation (EB-45) des in den USA bewährten Outcome Questionnaire 45.2. Methode: Der EB-45 wurde von einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe (n =232) im Abstand von 2 Wochen zweimal bearbeitet. Zur Konstruktvalidierung wurden parallel die Symptom Checklist 90, das Inventar Interpersoneller Probleme sowie die Fragebogen zur sozialen Integration und zur Lebenszufriedenheit vorgelegt. Ergebnisse: Für die interne Konsistenz wurden Werte von .59 bis .93 und für die Retest-Reliabilitäten von .71 bis .87 geschätzt. Die Korrelationen mit den zur Validierung hinzugezogenen Instrumenten lagen zwischen .45 und .76. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Standardisierung rechtfertigt es, den EB-45 in der Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung einzusetzen; die Beschränkungen der Stichprobe ermahnen jedoch zur Vorsicht.
Preparation and Characterization of Highly Cross-Linked Polyimide Aerogels Based on Polyimide Containing Trimethoxysilane Side Groups (2014)

In this study, highly cross-linked and completely imidized polyimide aerogels were prepared from polyimide containing trimethoxysilane side groups, which was obtained as the condensation product of polyimide containing acid chloride side groups and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. After adding water and acid catalyst, the trimethoxysilane side groups hydrolyzed and condensed one another, and a continuous increase in the complex viscosities of the polyimide solutions with time was observed. The formed polyimide gels were dried by freeze-drying from tert-butyl alcohol to obtain polyimide aerogels, which consisted of a three-dimensional network of polyimide fibers tangled together. By varying the solution concentration of the polyimide containing trimethoxysilane side groups, polyimide aerogels with different densities (ranging from 0.19 to 0.42 g/cm(3)) were obtained. The resulting polyimide aerogels had small pore diameter (ranging from 20.7 to 58.3 nm), high surface area (ranging from 310 to 344 m(2)/g), high 5% weight loss temperature in air (at about 440 °C), and an excellent mechanical property. In addition, the glass transition temperature (349 °C) of the polyimide aerogels was much higher than that (210 °C) of the corresponding linear polyimide. So, even after being heated at 300 °C for 30 min, the porous structure of the polyimide aerogels was not completely destroyed.
CD8+ T-Cell Content in Diagnostic Lymph Nodes Measured by Flow Cytometry Is a Predictor of Survival in Follicular Lymphoma (2007)

Higher levels of CD8+ T cells predict a better prognosis, and these data support an important role for nonmalignant immune cells in the biology of follicular lymphoma. Evaluating the CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry at diagnosis may provide prognostic information.
Synaptic Integration in Tuft Dendrites of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons: A New Unifying Principle (2009)

Tuft dendrites are the main target for feedback inputs innervating neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons, but their properties remain obscure. We report the existence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) spikes in the fine distal tuft dendrites that otherwise did not support the initiation of calcium spikes. Both direct measurements and computer simulations showed that NMDA spikes are the dominant mechanism by which distal synaptic input leads to firing of the neuron and provide the substrate for complex parallel processing of top-down input arriving at the tuft. These data lead to a new unifying view of integration in pyramidal neurons in which all fine dendrites, basal and tuft, integrate inputs locally through the recruitment of NMDA receptor channels relative to the fixed apical calcium and axosomatic sodium integration points.
BRAF Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Inhibit Genes Involved in Iodine Metabolism (2007)

BRAF V600E mutation in PTCs is associated with reduced expression of key genes involved in iodine metabolism. This effect may alter the effectiveness of diagnostic and/or therapeutic use of radioiodine in BRAF-mut PTCs.
1,2,4-Triazoles. XIV. Reactions of the s-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Ring System1a,b (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2,4-Triazoles. XIV. Reactions of the s-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Ring System1a,bK. T. Potts, H. R. Burton, and S. K. RoyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 265–273Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views816Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical visibility culling with occlusion trees (2002)

In the scope of rendering complex models with high depth complexity, it is of great importance to design output-sensitive algorithms, i.e., algorithms with the time complexity proportional to the number of visible graphic primitives in the resulting image. In this paper an algorithm allowing efficient culling of the invisible portion of the rendered model is presented. Our approach uses a spatial hierarchy to represent the topology of the model. For a current viewpoint a set of polygonal occluders is determined that are used to build the occlusion tree. In the occlusion tree occlusion volumes of the selected occluders are merged. Visibility from the viewpoint is determined by processing the spatial hierarchy and classifying the visibility of its regions. In this process the occlusion tree is used to determine the viewpoint-to-region visibility efficiently. The algorithm is well-suited for complex models where large occluders are present.
PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE REGULATES PMA-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION AND SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION IN HL-60 CELLS (2002)

Treatment of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is associated with induction of monocytic or myelocytic differentiation. Since phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) is a critical player in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, we studied the role of PI3-kinase during induction of the differentiated monocytic phenotype and superoxide production. In treatment of HL-60 cells with PMA, the PI3-kinase inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin inhibited cell adhesion and spreading and phagocytic activity. LY294002 and wortmannin also inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells. During PMA-induced monocytic differentiation, LY294002 induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p85alpha derived from PMA-stimulated HL-60 cells was shown in the time dependent manner. However, p70 S6 kinase inhibitor, rapamycin, did not inhibit PMA-induced monocytic differentiation. During PMA-induced monocytic differentiation, LY294002 inhibited c-jun protein expression and decrease of c-myc protein level. In contrast, LY294002 induced production of superoxide in the HL-60 cells stimulated with forskolin. Moreover, staurosporine and H7, PKC inhibitors, enhanced superoxide production in dibutyryl cAMP-induced HL-60 cells. These results suggest that PI3-kinase may regulate PMA-induced differentiation signal and provide a crucial link between PKC and cAMP in HL-60 cells.
A Combinatorial Library Strategy for the Rapid Humanization of Anticarcinoma BR96 Fab (1996)

We have used a combinatorial mutagenesis strategy to humanize BR96, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the Lewis Y class of tumor antigens. This approach allows simultaneous assessment of hundreds of humanized variable regions to identify the molecules that best preserve affinity, thus overcoming the major drawback of current humanization procedures, the requirement to construct and analyze each humanized antibody separately. Murine residues of BR96 were mutated to human if they were solvent-exposed residues that did not participate in the formation of the antigen binding site and were not at the interface of the light and heavy chain. At positions that might be involved in binding to antigen, the choice between the murine and human residue was more difficult. Murine and human alternatives were incorporated into a combinatorial library at positions representing buried residues that might affect the structural integrity of the antigen binding site. By encoding this library of humanized BR96 Fabs in an M13 phage vector, we rapidly identified several candidates with nearly identical antigen binding, within 2-fold, of the chimeric Fab. Additional mutagenesis directed at sites suggested in the literature as potentially important for antigen binding in a similar anti-Lewis Y antibody yielded no further improvements.
Lactulose improves psychometric testing in cirrhotic patients with subclinical encephalopathy (1997)

Our data suggest that lactulose therapy might improve subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal-systemic shunting.
Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database (1986)

We have investigated the quantitative effects of a number of common elements of QRS detection rules using the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. A previously developed linear and nonlinear filtering scheme was used to provide input to the QRS detector decision section. We used the filtering to preprocess the database. This yielded a set of event vectors produced from QRS complexes and noise. After this preprocessing, we tested different decision rules on the event vectors. This step was carried out at processing speeds up to 100 times faster than real time. The role of the decision rule section is to discriminate the QRS events from the noise events. We started by optimizing a simple decision rule. Then we developed a progressively more complex decision process for QRS detection by adding new detection rules. We implemented and tested a final real-time QRS detection algorithm, using the optimized decision rule process. The resulting QRS detection algorithm has a sensitivity of 99.69 percent and positive predictivity of 99.77 percent when evaluated with the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database.