gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergy of fosfomycin with beta-lactam antibiotics against staphylococci and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. (1986)

Fosfomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis at the initial stage. It can act synergistically with beta-lactams. The effect of the combination of fosfomycin and selected penicillins and cephalosporins against staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia and selected Gram-negative bacteria was determined. Synergy was determined by agar dilution and checkerboard titration methods; synergy was defined as an FIC index less than or equal to 0.5 and partial synergy greater than 0.5 to 0.75. Concentrations of drugs used were those that would be reached in man by intravenous and oral routes. Fosfomycin combined with nafcillin and with cefotaxime against staphylococci showed synergy for most isolates. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, synergy or partial synergy was found for 90% of isolates. Synergy was less frequently found with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The MICs for S. aureus were reduced from greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml to less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Fosfomycin was synergistic with ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, ceftazidime, aztreonam and imipenem against 31 to 61% of P. aeruginosa. MICs were reduced from greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml to 8-32 micrograms/ml, depending upon the agent. Although fosfomycin acted synergistically with azlocillin, piperacillin and ceftazidime against some P. cepacia, most often there was an indifferent interaction and MICs were in the resistant range, greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. The interaction of fosfomycin and ampicillin was synergistic against a number of strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus vulgaris and Providencia rettgeri, yielding MICs in an achievable range. The combination of fosfomycin with beta-lactams may be clinically useful in selected situations, particularly for methicillin-resistant staphylococci and beta-lactam-resistant P. aeruginosa.
Ultrastructural localization of glycodelin oligosaccharides Le‐x and Le‐y in human seminal vesicles by immunogold staining (2007)

Histo-blood group antigens Le-x and Le-y are oligosaccharidic terminals that characterize many glycoproteins in the human tissues. In seminal plasma, they are expressed as part of the so-called glycodelin S, which is suggested to regulate sperm capacitation/decapacitation. It has recently been demonstrated that the core protein of glycodelin S is secreted by seminal vesicles. Here we show that epithelial cells of human seminal vesicles also release the Le-x and Le-y antigens. The presence of these substances in secretory material was revealed by means of an immunogold staining method in normal surgical samples. The results suggest that glycodelin S is secreted by seminal vesicles in its finished glycosylated form. Moreover, antigen reactivity was also revealed associated with plasma membranes.
Intramolecular control of transcriptional activity by the NK2-specific domain in NK-2 homeodomain proteins (2000)

The developmentally important homeodomain transcription factors of the NK-2 class contain a highly conserved region, the NK2-specific domain (NK2-SD). The function of this domain, however, remains unknown. The primary structure of the NK2-SD suggests that it might function as an accessory DNA-binding domain or as a protein-protein interaction interface. To assess the possibility that the NK2-SD may contribute to DNA-binding specificity, we used a PCR-based approach to identify a consensus DNA-binding sequences for Nkx2.2, an NK-2 family member involved in pancreas and central nervous system development. The consensus sequence (T(C)(T)AAGT(G)(A)(G)(C)TT) is similar to the known binding sequences for other NK-2 homeodomain proteins, but we show that the NK2-SD does not contribute significantly to specific DNA binding to this sequence. To determine whether the NK2-SD contributes to transactivation, we used GAL4-Nkx2. 2 fusion constructs to map a powerful transcriptional activation domain in the C-terminal region beyond the conserved NK2-SD. Interestingly, this C-terminal region functions as a transcriptional activator only in the absence of an intact NK2-SD. The NK2-SD also can mask transactivation from the paired homeodomain transcription factor Pax6, but it has no effect on transcription by itself. These results demonstrate that the NK2-SD functions as an intramolecular regulator of the C-terminal activation domain in Nkx2.2 and support a model in which interactions through the NK2-SD regulate the ability of NK-2-class proteins to activate specific genes during development.
Decreased prevalence of diabetes in marijuana users: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (2012)

Marijuana use was independently associated with a lower prevalence of DM. Further studies are needed to show a direct effect of marijuana on DM.
Mechanism of Shear Thickening in Reversibly Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks (2010)

We report here the nonlinear rheological properties of metallo-supramolecular networks formed by the reversible cross-linking of semi-dilute unentangled solutions of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The reversible cross-linkers are bis-Pd(II) or bis-Pt(II) complexes that coordinate to the pyridine functional groups on the PVP. Under steady shear, shear thickening is observed above a critical shear rate, and that critical shear rate is experimentally correlated with the lifetime of the metal-ligand bond. The onset and magnitude of the shear thickening depend on the amount of cross-linkers added. In contrast to the behavior observed in most transient networks, the time scale of network relaxation is found to increase during shear thickening. The primary mechanism of shear thickening is ascribed to the shear-induced transformation of intrachain cross-linking to interchain cross-linking, rather than nonlinear high tension along polymer chains that are stretched beyond the Gaussian range.
Sequences and factors required for the F9 embryonal carcinoma stem cell E1a-like activity. (1991)

F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells contain an E1a-like activity that is absent from differentiated derivatives. We have previously characterized proteins present in F9 EC cell extracts that bind to the E1a-dependent E2A promoter and have shown that two of them, TF68 and DRTF1, are required for efficient transcription in vitro (N. B. La Thangue, B. Thimmapaya, and P. W. J. Rigby, Nucleic Acids Res. 18:2929-2938, 1990). We now show that the E1a-like activity is detectable in transient transfection assays. Deletion mutations show that a distal sequence element, which includes the ATF/CREB consensus, is required for expression in both cell types, although it does not mediate the down-regulation of promoter activity that accompanies differentiation. A series of point mutations generated by in vitro mutagenesis confirm this and show that sequences around -60 are necessary for efficient expression in stem cells but not in differentiated derivatives. These sequences bind DRTF1, the activity of which is strongly down-regulated during differentiation. Surprisingly, mutations in a previously uncharacterized region of the promoter restore activity to a promoter carrying the -60 mutation and lead to the formation of a new DNA-protein complex.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of cheF, an essential gene for chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis (1989)

The cheF gene, which is involved in chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis, has been cloned, expressed, and sequenced. This gene is contained in a 0.7-kilobase PstI DNA fragment that was isolated from a lambda Charon 4A B. subtilis chromosomal DNA library. This fragment was subcloned into the expression vector pSI-1 and shown to complement the cheF mutation both for chemotaxis and for methanol production in response to the addition of attractants. Plasmid-encoded DNA expression in B. subtilis maxicells indicated that a membrane-associated polypeptide of 20-kilodaltons was expressed from this 0.7-kilobase DNA. The nucleotide sequence of this DNA fragment was determined, and an open reading frame capable of encoding a putative 175-amino-acid protein (Mr 20,002) was identified. In an effort to understand the function of the cheF protein, the dosage of the cheF gene product was varied by altering the concentration of IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside) during growth. In the presence of high concentrations of IPTG, chemotaxis was inhibited and methanol production was impaired.
Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid and Epidermal Growth Factor (1989)

In normal rat kidney fibroblasts, retinoic acid increases the level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding and synergizes with EGF and transforming growth factor-beta to stimulate anchorage-independent growth. We now demonstrate that retinoids act by increasing the rate of transcription of the EGF receptor gene, resulting in elevated mRNA levels. No effect of retinoic acid on EGF receptor mRNA half-life, measured after actinomycin D treatment, was observed. In the same system, EGF was also able to increase expression of its own receptor through an elevation in mRNA levels. These effects were specific since retinoids and EGF did not alter transcript levels for fibronectin, alpha-tubulin, or beta 2-microglobulin. These results demonstrate that the EGF receptor gene is a target for regulation by multiple growth-stimulating factors.
Power line sensornet - a new concept for power grid monitoring (2006)

Significant work has been done on the sensing of utility assets. Most proposed approaches have been based on the principle of using few relatively expensive sensors and wireless communication links to provide a sample of data on the status of the power line. This paper introduces the concept of a distributed power line sensornet (PLS) as an alternative approach to realizing cost-effective power grid monitoring. By way of an example a distributed sensor module is proposed that can be clipped on to an existing power line and have the following four core functions: continuously monitoring critical line parameters in the immediate vicinity of the sensor; estimating the line status and identifying incipient faults in a changing environment; operating as a node of the sensornet communication system; power and fault management while allowing sensing and communication functions. Details of implementation and system impact are presented in the paper, along with simulation results.
Inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by an inhibitor of protein myristoylation (1993)

Inhibitors of myristoylation and analogues of myristic acid inhibit the replication of some retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus, but no studies with other virus families have been reported. We have shown that replication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in tissue is inhibited by DL-2-hydroxymyristic acid at concentrations similar to those required for inhibition with acyclovir. Protein synthesis is not inhibited, but protein myristoylation is non-specifically reduced. Despite this lack of specificity, DL-2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits VZV replication without apparent cytotoxicity. This is in agreement with our earlier suggestion that non-specific inhibitors of myristoylation could have antiviral effects without toxicity to cells due to the stability of cellular myristoylproteins. This supports suggestions that myristoylation inhibitors have potential as antiviral drugs against the many viruses that produce myristoylproteins.
3D Modeling of Concentrator III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells (2006)

Concentration based on III-V solar cells is one of the most promising technologies to reduce cost of PV electricity. To achieve high efficiency making a better use of the solar spectrum and under very high concentration, multijunction solar cells are explored at the IES-UPM. To give a real understanding of all the phenomena occurring inside these devices, the development of a reliable theoretical model is essential. In this paper we present the first results obtained in our laboratory simulating lattice-matched GaInP/GaAs dual junction solar cells. To achieve these results we numerically analyze the complete structure including the tunnel junction
Multiresolution analysis of arbitrary meshes (1995)

In computer graphics and geometric modeling, shapes are often represented by triangular meshes. With the advent of laser scanning systems, meshes of extreme complexity are rapidly becoming commonplace. Such meshes are notoriously expensive to store, transmit, render, and are awkward to edit. Multiresolution analysis offers a simple, unified, and theoretically sound approach to dealing with these problems. Lounsbery et al. have recently developed a technique for creating multiresolution representations for a restricted class of meshes with subdivision connectivity. Unfortunately, meshes encountered in practice typically do not meet this requirement. In this paper we present a method for overcoming the subdivision connectivity restriction, meaning that completely arbitrary meshes can now be converted to multiresolution form. The method is based on the approximation of an arbitrary initial mesh M by a mesh M J that has subdivision connectivity and is guaranteed to be within a specified tolerance.
Adeno-associated Virus Vectors Efficiently Transduce Mouse and Rabbit Sensory Neurons Coinfected with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 following Peripheral Inoculation (2016)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been shown to transduce dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons following direct intraganglionic sciatic nerve injection and intraperitoneal and intravenous injection as well as intrathecal injection. We sought to determine if rAAV vectors would be delivered to the same sensory neurons that herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infects when applied peripherally at an epithelial surface that had been treated to expose the underlying sensory nerve termini. For this study, we chose two well-established HSV-1 infection models: mouse footpad infection and rabbit ocular infection. The results presented here provide the first description of AAV vectors transducing neurons following delivery at the skin/epithelium/eye. The ability of AAV to cotransduce HSV-1-infected neurons in both the mouse and the rabbit provides an opportunity to experimentally explore and disrupt host and viral proteins that are integral to the establishment of HSV-1 latency, to the maintenance of latency, and to reactivation from latency in vivo.
Interaction of the Escherichia coli Lipoprotein NlpI with Periplasmic Prc (Tsp) Protease (2004)

Escherichia coli spr (suppressor of prc) mutants and nlpI mutants show thermosensitive growth. The thermosensitivity of the spr mutants was suppressed by the nlpI mutations. Expression of the fusion genes encoding hexa-histidine-tagged NlpI (NlpI-His) and purification of the tagged NlpI showed that NlpI-His bound with Prc protease and IbpB chaperone. NlpI-His with the amino acid substitution of G103D did not bind with either of these proteins, while NlpI-His variants (NlpI-284-His, NlpI-Q283-His, and NlpI-G282-His) lacking 10 to 12 residues from the carboxy terminus bound with both proteins. The tagged NlpI lacking 11 amino acid residues from the carboxy terminus was processed by Prc, but that lacking 12 residues was not. The thermosensitivity of the nlpI mutant was corrected by the production of the former NlpI variant, but not by production of the latter. Expression of the truncated NlpI that lacked 10 or 11 residues from the carboxy terminus corrected the thermosensitivity of the prc nlpI double mutant, while expression of the full-length NlpI did not. Thus, it was suggested that NlpI was activated by Prc protease processing.
1D Supercapacitors for Emerging Electronics: Current Status and Future Directions (2019)

1D supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as promising candidates to power emerging electronics in recent years because of their unique advantages in energy storage and mechanical flexibility. There are four main research fronts in the development of 1D SCs: 1) enhancing mechanical characteristics, 2) achieving superior electrochemical performance, 3) enabling multiple device integration, and 4) demonstrating multifunctionality. Here, a brief history of 1D SCs is presented and significant research achievements regarding the four fronts identified as the main pillars of the development of 1D SCs are highlighted. The current challenges of the fabrication and utilization of 1D SCs are critically examined and potential solutions are analyzed. Plus, the performance inconsistencies arising from the improper use and extreme diversity of performance evaluation and reporting methods are highlighted. Beyond, perspectives on future efforts are provided and goals regarding the four research fronts are set, to further push 1D SCs toward practical applications. The development of 1D SCs is summarized here, with existing obstacles diagnosed, corresponding solutions proposed, and future directions indicated accordingly.
Conformal Radiotherapy of the Dominant Liver Metastasis (2006)

Conformal RT to the dominant liver metastasis as palliative therapy for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases has an acceptable toxicity profile and may improve survival. This approach merits further exploration.
[Strength of dense, lyophilized and irradiated cortical bone of the human femur]. (1995)

The ultimate bending strength of compact lyophilized and sterilized by gamma-rays bone samples taken from human middle third femur diaphysis was investigated and compared with the one of fresh bone tissue. The bone samples were taken from 42 individuals aged 32-45 who died suddenly. The measurements were carried out with Contraves balance rheometer at 20 degrees Celsius and under the sample deformation frequency of 12.5 Hz. The samples were divided into 5 groups. In the first one the ultimate bending strength was investigated without loading, in the second one with gentle load and the third one with great load. The fourth and fifth groups consisting of longer lyophilized bone samples, dry and after rehydration respectively were investigated under great load. It was found, that ultimate strength of dry lyophilized and irradiated bone was about 30% lower than of fresh bone, ultimate strength of rehydrated samples was about 18% greater than of dry samples and that the loading and fatigue procedure lowers the ultimate strength of compact bone samples and increases their fragility.
Gene Regulation in Melanoma Progression by the AP‐2 Transcription Factor (2001)

The molecular changes associated with the transition of melanoma cells from radial growth phase (RGP) to vertical growth phase [(VGP), metastatic phenotype] are not very well defined. We previously demonstrated that expression of the cell-surface adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18 correlates directly with the metastatic potential of human melanoma cells. In addition, the progression of human melanoma towards the metastatic phenotype is associated with loss of expression of the tyrosine-kinase receptor c-KIT. In this review, I will summarize our recent studies demonstrating that the expression of both genes is regulated by the AP-2 transcription factor. Moreover, we have observed a loss of AP-2 expression in metastatic melanoma cells. Re-expression of AP-2 in the highly metastatic A375SM cells decreased their tumorigenicity and inhibited their metastatic potential in nude mice. MCAM/MUC18 mRNA and protein expression was significantly down-regulated while c-KIT expression was up-regulated in the AP-2-transfected cells. To further investigate the role of AP-2 in the progression of human melanoma, we attempted to inactivate AP-2 in primary cutaneous melanoma by using a dominant-negative AP-2, or the AP-2B gene. Expression of AP-2B in SB-2 cells augmented their tumorigenicity in nude mice, and upregulated MMP-2 expression and activity. As AP-2 also regulates other genes that are involved in the progression of human melanoma such as E-cadherin, p21/WAF-1, HER2/neu, Bcl-2, FAS/APO-1, IGF-R-1, VEGF and the thrombin receptor (PAR-1), we therefore propose that loss of AP-2 is a crucial event in the development of malignant melanoma. In addition, the transition of melanoma cells from RGP to VGP is also associated with over-expression of the transcription factors CREB and ATF-1. The notion that the balance between AP-2 and CREB/ATF-1 expression determines the progression of melanoma cells towards the metastatic phenotype will be discussed.
Psychophysiology of depression in bronchial asthma (2013)

Background: Depression is often observed in a psychological status of patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Psychophysiological characteristics of melancholic disturbances in BA patients have not been studied enough. Aim: to study psychophysiological features of depression in asthmatics. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG), experimental-psychological research (test Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - MMPI) have been performed in 87 patients (65% of women) with mild (36 persons), moderate (33) and severe (18) BA at the age of 18-58 years. Results: Some differences between the EEG activity of left and right hemispheres were revealed: the suppression of alpha-rhythm and domination of delta-rhythm in the left hemisphere (p Conclusion: BA patients have correlations between depression and EEG activity. The identification of EEG rhythms localizations conditioned by the changes in the emotional sphere can be useful for the development of the methods for biofeedback therapy.
Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) Is Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Mediates TIMP-1 Up-regulation (2004)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling plays a pivotal role in extracellular matrix deposition by stimulating collagen production and other extracellular matrix proteins and by inhibiting matrix degradation. The present study was undertaken to define the role of sphingosine kinase (SphK) in TGF-beta signaling. TGF-beta markedly up-regulated SphK1 mRNA and protein amounts and caused a prolonged increase in SphK activity in dermal fibroblasts. Concomitantly, TGF-beta reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity. Consistent with the changes in enzyme activity, corresponding changes in sphingolipid levels were observed such that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) was increased (approximately 2-fold), whereas sphingosine and ceramide were reduced after 24 h of TGF-beta treatment. Given the relatively early induction of SphK gene expression in response to TGF-beta, we examined whether SphK1 may be involved in the regulation of TGF-beta-inducible genes that exhibit compatible kinetics, e.g. tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). We demonstrate that decreasing SphK1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked TGF-beta-mediated up-regulation of TIMP-1 protein suggesting that up-regulation of SphK1 contributes to the induction of TIMP-1 in response to TGF-beta. The role of SphK1 as a positive regulator of TIMP-1 gene expression was further corroborated by using ectopically expressed SphK1 in the absence of TGF-beta. Adenovirally expressed SphK1 led to a 2-fold increase of endogenous S1P and to increased TIMP-1 mRNA and protein production. In addition, ectopic SphK1 and TGF-beta cooperated in TIMP-1 up-regulation. Mechanistically, experiments utilizing TIMP-1 promoter constructs demonstrated that the action of SphK1 on the TIMP-1 promoter is through the AP1-response element, consistent with the SphK1-mediated up-regulation of phospho-c-Jun levels, a key component of AP1. Together, these experiments demonstrate that SphK/S1P are important components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of the TIMP-1 gene.