gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A case of acute subdural hematoma due to dural metastasis from malignant pleural mesothelioma]. (1994)

A rare case of acute subdural hematoma due to dural metastasis from malignant pleural mesothelioma is reported. A 65-year-old man was brought to a nearby hospital complaining of lumbago. He suddenly complained of headache on the third hospital day and fell into a deep coma within a short while. Computed tomography showed a crescent shaped high density area in the right fronto-temporo-parietal region with midline shift to the left side. He was admitted as an emergency case to our clinic on April 24, 1989. Under the diagnosis of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma, emergency operation was performed. Nests of malignant sarcomatous cells were found in the clot obtained during the procedure, but the origin of the tumoral cells could not be identified. The patient failed to recover from the comatose state and died with pancytopenia on the 17th hospital day. General autopsy showed wide-spread malignant pleural mesothelioma with metastases to the lung, liver and bone marrow. Examination of the head revealed dural metastatic tumor and a subdural hematoma over the left hemisphere. Histopathology showed that many tumor cell nests were found only within the dilated veins of the dura. There, acute subdural hematoma was assumed to have developed suddenly and there was massive bleeding from the capillaries of the inner vascular layer of the dura. The relevant literature about intracranial metastasis of malignant pleural mesothelioma was reviewed, and the mechanism of subdural hematoma due to dural metastasis from malignant tumor was discussed.
P2X7 Receptor-Dependent Intestinal Afferent Hypersensitivity in a Mouse Model of Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2011)

The ATP-gated P2X(7) receptor (P2X(7)R) was shown to be an important mediator of inflammation and inflammatory pain through its regulation of IL-1β processing and release. Trichinella spiralis-infected mice develop a postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity that is reminiscent of the clinical features associated with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, we used P2X(7)R knockout mice (P2X(7)R(-/-)) to investigate the role of P2X(7)R activation in the in vivo production of IL-1β and the development of postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity in the T. spiralis-infected mouse. During acute nematode infection, IL-1β-containing cells and P2X(7)R expression were increased in the jejunum of wild-type (WT) mice. Peritoneal and serum IL-1β levels were also increased, which was indicative of elevated IL-1β release. However, in the P2X(7)R(-/-) animals, we found that infection had no effect upon intracellular, plasma, or peritoneal IL-1β levels. Conversely, infection augmented peritoneal TNF-α levels in both WT and P2X(7)R(-/-) animals. Infection was also associated with a P2X(7)R-dependent increase in extracellular peritoneal lactate dehydrogenase, and it triggered immunological changes in both strains. Jejunal afferent fiber mechanosensitivity was assessed in uninfected and postinfected WT and P2X(7)R(-/-) animals. Postinfected WT animals developed an augmented afferent fiber response to mechanical stimuli; however, this did not develop in postinfected P2X(7)R(-/-) animals. Therefore, our results demonstrated that P2X(7)Rs play a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and are a trigger for the development of visceral hypersensitivity.
Area-Efficient SOT-MRAM With a Schottky Diode (2016)

This letter presents a spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) for high-density, reliable, and energy-efficient on-chip memory application. Unlike the conventional SOT-MRAM requiring two access transistors, the proposed MRAM uses only one access transistor along with a Schottky diode in order to achieve high integration density while maintaining the advantages of SOT-MRAM, such as low write energy and enhanced reliability of magnetic tunnel junction. The Schottky diode is forward-biased during read, whereas it is reverse-biased during write to prevent sneak current paths. Our simulation results show that the proposed MRAM can achieve 30% and 50% reduction in bit-cell area in comparison to conventional spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) and SOT-MRAM, respectively, and ~2.5× improvement in write power compared with the STT-MRAM.
Ascorbate Peroxidase (A Prominent Membrane Protein in Oilseed Glyoxysomes) (1996)

The glyoxysomes of growing oilseed seedlings produce H2O2, a reactive oxygen species, during the beta-oxidation of lipids stored in the cotyledons. An expression library of dark-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutm L.) cotyledons was screened with antibodies that recognized a 31-kD glyoxysomal membrane polypeptide. A full-length cDNA clone (1258 bp) was isolated that encodes a 32-kD subunit of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) with a single, putative membrane-spanning region near the C-terminal end of the polypeptide. Internal amino acid sequence analysis of the cotton 31-kD polypeptide verified that this clone encoded this protein. This enzyme, designated gmAPX, was immunocytochemically and enzymatically localized to the glyoxysomal membrane in cotton cotyledons. The activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase, a protein that reduces monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate with NADH, also was detected in these membranes. The co-localization of gmAPX and monodehydroascorbate reductase within the glyoxysomal membrane likely reflects an essential pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species and also provides a mechanism to regenerate NAD+ for the continued operation of the glyoxylate cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Immunological cross-reactivity of 30- to 32-kD proteins in glyoxysomal membranes of cucumber, sunflower, castor bean, and cotton indicate that gmAPX is common among oilseed species.
Practical laser-activated photoemissive electron source (1985)

The design and performance of a laser-excited cesium antimonide (Cs3Sb) photoemissive electron source operating in an electron-gun configuration is described. Such an electron source has advantages of higher brightness, beam shapeability, low-temperature operation, external modulability, and ease of service compared with conventional thermal and field emission sources. With an uncooled photoemissive source operating at 2.9 A/cm2, cathode life exceeded 50 h without degradation. Photoemissive electron sources should be especially useful in applications requiring high-resolution imaging or high-frequency pulsed operation.
Prospects of chemoprevention of human cancers with the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. (1994)

Fenretinide or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide is a vitamin A analogue synthesized in the United States in the late 1960s. This retinoid shows a preferential accumulation in breast instead of liver, is effective in the inhibition of chemically induced mammary carcinoma in rats, and has proved to be less toxic than many other vitamin A analogues. The Milan Cancer Institute has put a particular effort in this molecule in both the experimental and clinical fields. We have demonstrated, in animals and humans, that fenretinide induces a rapid reduction of retinol plasma concentration, that its blood levels remain constant during administration for as long as 5 years, and that the drug is able to accumulate in the human breast. To date, 2969 stage I breast cancer patients have been randomized to evaluate the efficacy of this retinoid to prevent contralateral new primaries, 709 subjects have been accrued in a prevention trial of basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and 153 patients entered a study the preliminary results of which already show the capability of fenretinide to prevent recurrences and new localizations of oral leukoplakia. Further studies on fenretinide will be aimed at evaluating its preventive efficacy in superficial bladder and prostate cancers and at exploring possible synergism with tamoxifen and interferons in breast cancer and skin cancer, respectively.
Cellular Response to Hyperosmotic Stresses (2007)

Cells in the renal inner medulla are normally exposed to extraordinarily high levels of NaCl and urea. The osmotic stress causes numerous perturbations because of the hypertonic effect of high NaCl and the direct denaturation of cellular macromolecules by high urea. High NaCl and urea elevate reactive oxygen species, cause cytoskeletal rearrangement, inhibit DNA replication and transcription, inhibit translation, depolarize mitochondria, and damage DNA and proteins. Nevertheless, cells can accommodate by changes that include accumulation of organic osmolytes and increased expression of heat shock proteins. Failure to accommodate results in cell death by apoptosis. Although the adapted cells survive and function, many of the original perturbations persist, and even contribute to signaling the adaptive responses. This review addresses both the perturbing effects of high NaCl and urea and the adaptive responses. We speculate on the sensors of osmolality and document the multiple pathways that signal activation of the transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP, which directs many aspects of adaptation. The facts that numerous cellular functions are altered by hyperosmolality and remain so, even after adaptation, indicate that both the effects of hyperosmolality and adaptation to it involve profound alterations of the state of the cells.
The age and distribution of the igneous rocks of Macquarie Island (1988)

Basalts associated with the formation of the Macquarie Ridge have been radiometrically dated at between 9.7 Ma and 11.5 Ma, giving a Middle Miocene age in approximate agreement with the age indicated by fossils in intercalated sedimentary rocks but younger than suggested by the nearby sea-floor spreading anomaly pattern.
Sound absorption by viscoelastic coatings with periodically distributed cavities (2006)

Thin rubber layers with air-filled cavities can be used as anechoic submarine coatings. Normally incident sonar energy is redistributed in the lateral direction and absorbed. In this paper, the anechoic effect is studied theoretically and numerically by adapting techniques used in electron scattering and band-gap computations for photonic and phononic crystals. Reflection and transmission matrices are computed recursively, from basic ones for layers containing periodic arrays of spherical cavities. A method to locate zeroes of analytical functions is applied to prove the existence of, and to specify, thin coatings with vanishing reflectance at isolated frequencies. Coatings much thinner than quarter-wavelength ones are found. Most of the absorption loss takes place close to the cavities and scattering of compressional spherically symmetric waves is important. The viscoelastic shear-wave properties of the rubber are crucial for generating this loss. The requirements for vanishing reflectance are specified using a simplified model with normal plane waves and spherically symmetric waves, that includes effects of multiple scattering among the cavities. An energy relation is derived, relating the anelastic loss in the rubber coating to loss by monopole resonance scattering from isolated cavities. The noticeable effects of multiple scattering are incorporated by a modulating factor.
Mechanisms of Floral Induction in Grasses: Something Borrowed, Something New (2009)

Almost all that is known about the transition to flowering in grasses is based on studies of agronomic species. The grain produced by two tropically derived grasses, maize ( Zea mays ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ), and a temperate origin grass, wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), provides most of the world's
Retiring president's address, 1945-marine boiler repairs (1946)

This paper deals with marine boiler furnace repairs in which electric arc welding has been the key to success. The type of boiler on which the paper is based is known as the Scotch boiler.
Exogenous retinoic acid rapidly induces anterior ectopic expression of murine Hox-2 genes in vivo (1992)

Exogenous retinoic acid (RA) has teratogenic effects on vertebrate embryos and alters Hox-C gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We wish to examine whether RA has a role in the normal regulation of Hox-C genes, and whether altered Hox-C gene expression in response to RA leads to abnormal morphology. The expression of 3' Hox-2 genes (Hox-2.9, Hox-2.8, Hox-2.6 and Hox-2.1) and a 5' gene (Hox-2.5) were examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization on embryos 4 hours after maternal administration of teratogenic doses of RA on embryonic day 7 to 9. The expression of the 3' Hox-2 genes was found to be ectopically induced in anterior regions in a stage-specific manner. The Hox-2.9 and Hox-2.8 genes were induced anteriorly in the neurectoderm in response to RA on day 7 but not at later stages. Expression of Hox-2.6 and Hox-2.1 was ectopically induced anteriorly in neurectoderm in response to RA on day 8. Hox-2.1 remained responsive on day 9, whereas Hox-2.6 was no longer responsive at this stage. The expression of the 5' gene Hox-2.5 was not detectably altered at any of these stages by RA treatments. We also examined the response of other genes whose expression is spatially regulated in early embryos. The expression of En-2 and Wnt-7b was not detectably altered by RA, whereas RAR beta expression was induced anteriorly by RA on day 7 and 8. Krox-20 expression was reduced in a stage- and region-specific manner by RA. The ectopic anterior expression of Hox-2.8 and Hox-2.9 induced by RA on day 7 was persistent to day 8, as was the altered expression of Krox-20. The altered pattern of expression of these genes in response to RA treatment on day 7 may be indicative of a transformation of anterior hindbrain to posterior hindbrain, specifically, a transformation of rhombomeres 1 to 3 towards rhombomere 4 identity with an anterior expansion of rhombomere 5. The ectopic expression of the 3' Hox-2 genes in response to RA is consistent with a role for these genes in mediating the teratogenic effects of RA; the rapid response of the Hox-C genes to RA is consistent with a role for endogenous RA in refining 3' Hox-C gene expression boundaries early in development.
Intrauterine growth restriction (2002)

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction presents a complex management problem for the clinician. The failure of a fetus to achieve its growth potential imparts a significantly increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the obstetrician must recognize and accurately diagnose inadequate fetal growth and attempt to determine its cause. Growth aberrations, which are the result of intrinsic fetal factors such as aneuploidy and multifactorial congenital malformations, and fetal infection, carry a guarded prognosis. However, when intrauterine growth restriction is caused by placental abnormalities or maternal disease, the growth aberration is usually the consequence of inadequate substrates for fetal metabolism and, to a greater or lesser degree, decreased oxygen availability. Careful monitoring of fetal growth and well-being, combined with appropriate timing and mode of delivery, can best ensure a favorable outcome. Ultrasound evaluation of fetal growth, behavior, and measurement of impedance to blood flow in fetal arterial and venous vessels form the cornerstone of evaluation of fetal condition and decision making.
Effects of Hofmeister Anions on the Phase Transition Temperature of Elastin-like Polypeptides (2008)

The modulation of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of two elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) was investigated in the presence of 11 sodium salts that span the Hofmeister series for anions. It was found that the hydrophobic collapse/aggregation of these ELPs generally followed the series. Specifically, kosmotropic anions decreased the LCST by polarizing interfacial water molecules involved in hydrating amide groups on the ELPs. On the other hand, chaotropic anions lowered the LCST through a surface tension effect. Additionally, chaotropic anions showed salting-in properties at low salt concentrations that were related to the saturation binding of anions with the biopolymers. These overall mechanistic effects were similar to those previously found for the hydrophobic collapse and aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM. There is, however, a crucial difference between PNIPAM and ELPs. Namely, PNIPAM undergoes a two-step collapse process as a function of temperature in the presence of sufficient concentrations of kosmotropic salts. By contrast, ELPs undergo collapse in a single step in all cases studied herein. This suggests that the removal of water molecules from around the amide moieties triggers the removal of hydrophobic hydration waters in a highly coupled process. There are also some key differences between the LCST behavior of the two ELPs. Specifically, the more hydrophilic ELP V5A2G3-120 construct displays collapse/aggregation behavior that is consistent with a higher concentration of anions partitioning to polymer/aqueous interface as compared to the more hydrophobic ELP V5-120. It was also found that larger anions could bind with ELP V5A2G3-120 more readily in comparison with ELP V5-120. These latter results were interpreted in terms of relative binding site accessibility of the anion for the ELP.
Biological effects of residual glutaraldehyde in glutaraldehyde‐tanned collagen biomaterials (1980)

Glutaraldehyde is commonly used to control physical and biological properties of collagen structure by means of intramolecular and/or intermolecular crosslinking of collagen molecules. Solubility, antigenicity, and biodegradation of naturally occurring or reconstituted collagenous matrices are effectively reduced by glutaraldehyde treatment. Adverse biological reactions to glutaraldehyde have been limited to infrequent contact dermatitis and to biocidal effects which are exploited in chemical sterilization media. In the present study of glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen sponge, the presence of glutaraldehyde was correlated with cytotoxic effects upon fibroblasts in tissue culture and foreign body giant cell reaction to bioimplants of the sponge. Fibroblast growth in tissue culture is 99% inhibited at media concentrations of 3.0 ppm glutaraldehyde. Extracts of glutaraldehyde collagen sponge in aqueous media at pH 7 and 4.5 yielded 6 micrograms and 65 micrograms glutaraldehyde per gram of collagen sponge, respectively. The yield increased tenfold at pH 4.5. Observations indicate that leaching of the glutaraldehyde from glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen sponge is sufficient to produce potentially adverse cellular effects both in vivo and in vitro.
Oxidative need and oxidative capacity following traumatic brain injury* (2007)

Division of Neurosurgery, Departments of Surgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
New Measurement Methods to Assess the Improved Injury Protection of Airbag Systems (1986)

The risk of head or chest injuries is usually evaluated by means of acceleration measurements using a dummy. Unfortunately, this data provides no information on load distribution over the contact areas which is often related to localized fractures of the bony structures. Therefore new methods of measuring local forces were developed: 1. Pressure indicating devices attached to the dummy's surface are capable of monitoring the local pressure during impact; the foil's color change is interpreted by means of digital image analysis. 2. A velocity sensitive viscous tolerance criterion was calculated from the chest compression response of a Hybrid II dummy instrumented with strain gauges on the ribs. The application of the advanced technique at laboratory tests clearly supports our experience of an improved injury protection through the use of airbag systems.
Enhanced wavelength tuning in grating-assisted codirectional coupler filter (1993)

Wavelength-tunable devices based on grating-assisted codirectional coupler filters have been shown to possess enhanced wavelength tunabilities and are promising for use in multiwavelength communication networks. It was found theoretically that the enhancement factor can be estimated by the mismatch of group velocities between the two coupled models. We have confirmed this prediction via measurements of wavelength tuning for both the coupler filter and the Fabry-Perot filter in reverse bias. These measurements are accomplished with photonic-integrated devices. An enhancement factor of approximately 11 is measured on our device, which agrees very well with the theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reservoir Modeling in Shale-Gas Reservoirs (2009)

Abstract The exploitation of unconventional gas reservoirs has become an ever increasing component of North American gas supply. The economic viability of many unconventional gas developments hinges on effective stimulation of extremely low permeability rock by creating very complex fracture networks that connect huge reservoir surface area to the wellbore. In addition, gas desorption may be a significant component of overall gas recovery in many shale-gas reservoirs. The widespread application of microseismic mapping has significantly improved our understanding of hydraulic fracture growth in unconventional gas reservoirs (primarily shale) and led to better stimulation designs. However, the overall effectiveness of stimulation treatments is difficult to determine from microseismic mapping, as the location of proppant and distribution of conductivity in the fracture network cannot be measured (and are critical parameters that control well performance). Therefore it is important to develop reservoir modeling approaches that properly characterize fluid flow in and the properties of a complex fracture network, tight matrix, and primary hydraulic fracture (if present) to evaluate well performance and understand critical parameters that affect gas recovery. The paper illustrates the impact of gas desorption on production profile and ultimate gas recovery in shale reservoirs, showing that in some shale-gas reservoirs desorption may be a minor component of gas recovery. In addition, the paper details the impact of changing closure stress distribution in the fracture network on well productivity and gas recovery. In shale-gas reservoirs with lower Young’s modulus rock, stress dependent network fracture conductivity may significantly reduce ultimate gas recovery. The paper includes an example that contrasts the application of numerical reservoir simulation and advanced decline curve analyses to illustrate issues associated with conventional production data analysis techniques when applied to unconventional reservoirs. Selected examples from the Barnett shale are included that incorporate microseismic fracture mapping and production data to illustrate the application of the production modeling to evaluate well performance in unconventional gas reservoirs. This paper highlights production modeling and analysis techniques that aid in evaluating stimulation and completion strategies in unconventional gas reservoirs.
Analysis of the levels of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) mRNA in human ovarian tumors and the effects of chemical LSD1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer cell lines (2013)

Our findings may suggest a role of LSD1 in the biology of some ovarian tumors. It is of special interest to find a correlation of LSD1 mRNA overexpression with a transcriptomic signature relevant to cancer. Our findings, therefore, prompt further investigation of the role of LSD1 in ovarian cancer, as well as the study of its enzymatic inhibition in animal models for potential therapeutic purposes in the context of this disease.