gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous expression of the PBAD promoter in Escherichia coli by constitutive expression of the low-affinity high-capacity AraE transporter (2001)

Genes placed under the control of the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter (P(BAD)) of Escherichia coli are expressed in an all-or-none fashion, in which the percentage of induced cells in the population, rather than the degree of induction in individual cells, varies with the concentration of arabinose in the culture medium. Previous work showed that all-or-none gene expression from P(BAD) was due to the arabinose-dependent expression of the gene encoding the low-affinity high-capacity transporter (araE), and that expression of heterologous genes from P(BAD) in individual cells could be regulated by placing the araE gene under control of an arabinose-independent promoter. Based on these results, two expression systems were developed to allow regulatable control of genes under control of P(BAD). In one system, the native araE promoter on the chromosome was replaced by constitutive promoters of different strengths. In the second system, the araE gene under control of the same constitutive promoters was placed on a medium-copy plasmid. Both systems allow regulatable expression of a plasmid-borne P(BAD)-controlled heterologous gene and a homogeneous population of cells over a wide range of arabinose concentrations. While the degree of induction varied slightly with the strength of the constitutive promoter, expression was affected most by the arabinose concentration.
The alpha 1/beta 1 and alpha 6/beta 1 integrin heterodimers mediate cell attachment to distinct sites on laminin. (1990)

This study was undertaken to determine the roles of individual alpha/beta 1 integrin heterodimers in promoting cellular interactions with the different attachment-promoting domains of laminin (LN). To do this, antibodies to the integrin beta 1 subunit or to specific integrin alpha subunits were tested for effects on cell attachment to LN, to elastase fragments E1-4 and E1, derived from the short arms and core of LN's cruciform structure, and to fragment E8 derived from the long arm of this structure. The human JAR choriocarcinoma cells used in this study attached to LN and to fragments E1 and E8. Attachment to E1-4 required a much higher substrate coating concentration, suggesting that it is a poor substrate for JAR cell attachment. The ability of cells to attach to different LN domains suggested the presence of more than one LN receptor. These multiple LN receptors were shown to be beta 1 integrin heterodimers because antibodies to the integrin beta 1 subunit inhibited attachment of JAR cells to LN and its three fragments. To identify the individual integrin alpha/beta 1 heterodimers that mediate interactions with these LN domains, mAbs specific for individual beta 1 heterodimers in human cells were used to study JAR cell interactions with LN and its fragments. An anti-alpha 6/beta 1-specific mAb, GoH3, virtually eliminated cell attachment to E8 and partially inhibited attachment to E1 and intact LN. Thus the major alpha 6/beta 1 attachment domain is present in fragment E8. An alpha 1/beta 1-specific mAb (S2G3) strongly inhibited cell attachment to collagen IV and partially inhibited JAR attachment to LN fragment E1. Thus, the alpha 1/beta 1 heterodimer is a dual receptor for collagen IV and LN, interacting with LN at a site in fragment E1. In combination, the anti-alpha 1- and anti-alpha 6-specific antibodies completely inhibited JAR cell attachment to LN and fragment E1. Thus, the alpha 1/beta 1 and alpha 6/beta 1 integrin heterodimers each function as LN receptors and act together to mediate the interactions of human JAR choriocarcinoma cells with LN.
Taxonomy of Large Margin Principle Algorithms for Ordinal Regression Problems (2002)

In addition to enabling a better understanding of the genetic basis of lipid metabolism, human pluripotent stem cells are identifying potential therapeutic targets as well as potential therapies.
GLP-1R Agonist Liraglutide Activates Cytoprotective Pathways and Improves Outcomes After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2009)

These findings demonstrate that GLP-1R activation engages prosurvival pathways in the normal and diabetic mouse heart, leading to improved outcomes and enhanced survival after MI in vivo.
Modified Carbon Surfaces as “Organic Electrodes” That Exhibit Conductance Switching (2002)

Glassy carbon (GC) surfaces modified with monolayers of biphenyl and nitrobiphenyl molecules were examined as voltammetric electrodes for ferrocene, benzoquinone, and tetracyanoquinodimethane electrochemistry in acetonitrile. The modified electrodes exhibited slower electron transfer than unmodified GC, by factors that varied with the monolayer and redox system. However, after a negative potential excursion to approximately -2.0 V versus Ag+/Ag, the modified electrodes exhibited much faster electron-transfer kinetics, approaching those observed on unmodified GC. The effect is attributed to an apparently irreversible structural change in the biphenyl or nitrobiphenyl monolayer, which increases the rate of electron tunneling. The transition to the "ON" state is associated with electron injection into the monolayer similar to that observed in previous spectroscopic investigations and causes a significant decrease in the calculated HOMO-LUMO gap for the monolayer molecule. Once the monolayer is switched ON, it supports rapid electron exchange with outer-sphere redox systems, but not with dopamine, which requires adsorption to the GC surface. The increase in electron-transfer rate with electron injection is consistent with an increase in electron tunneling rate through the monolayer, caused by a significant decrease in tunneling barrier height. The ON electrode can reduce biphenyl- or nitrobiphenyldiazonium reagent in solution to permit formation of a second modification layer of biphenyl or nitrobiphenyl molecules. This "double derivatization" procedure was used to prepare tetraphenyl- and nitrotetraphenyl-modified electrodes, which exhibit significantly slower electron transfer than their biphenyl and nitrobiphenyl counterparts. A "switching" electrode may have useful properties for electroanalytical applications and possibly in electrocatalysis. In addition, the ON state represents an "organic electrode" in which electron transfer occurs at an interface between an organic conductor and a solution rather than an interface between a solution and a metal or carbon electrode.
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of novel 5-(2-ethenyl substituted)-3(2H)-furanones (1992)

In order to investigate new antiulcer agents, spizofurone 1 (AG-629) was fragmented and reassembled to generate 5-phenyl-2,2-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (bullatenone, 2). Because of the antiulcer activity of 2,5-phenyl-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanones (3-6) were made and shown to have poor activity. Insertion of an ethenyl link between the furanone and phenyl rings gave 5-(2-phenylethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3(2H)- furanone (7). This compound had better activity than 2. Compounds 8-41 were synthesized to evaluate the SAR in 5-(2-ethenyl substituted)-3(2H)-furanones. Electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring (8, 10, 19, and 20) gave 2-3-fold higher activity. Further increases in the activity were found when the phenyl ring was replaced by heterocyclic nuclei. Compounds that contained a thiophene (29), pyridine (24-26), or quinoline ring (32) had the best activity. Replacement of the methyl group on the furanone ring with a phenyl (34) or p-fluorophenyl (40) substituent in the 2-pyridine series gave compounds with activity that ranked with the best obtained in this study. The best compounds from the above SAR studies were evaluated in the ethanol-necrosis model for duration of cytoprotection action. Compounds 19, 24, and 29, which had the best duration of action, were tested with AG-629 in the acidified aspirin and indomethacin-induced lesion models. Only compound 24 had equivalent activity with AG-629 in both models.
Hydrothermal Modification of Starches: The Difference between Annealing and Heat/Moisture ‐Treatment (1992)

Abstract Annealing and heat/moisture‐treatment both cause a physical modification of starches without any gelatinization, or any other damage of the starch granules with respect to size, shape or birefringence only via a controlled application of heat/moisture. Since with respect to the application properties (gelatinization. viscosity etc.) almost idential modifications can be obtained with both treatments, there was no exact differentiation between the two treatments types. By application of both treatments as well as a combination of both to potato starch it could be demonstrated that both treatments cause completely different alterations of the internal granule structure. From the interpretation of the Brabender viscosity, the sorption isotherm, the DSC‐curves and the X‐ray diagrams it could be confirmed that a heat/moisture‐treatment always means a structure alteration from a B‐type in the direction of an A‐type structure, whereas within annealing processes the property alteration have to be explained by a modification of the binding forces between the crystallites and the amorphous matrix.
Biomedical Paper Surface Registration for Use in Interactive, Image- Guided Liver Surgery (2008)

ABSTRACT Objective: Liver surgery is difficult because of limited external landmarks, significant vascularity, and inexact definition of intra-hepatic anatomy. Intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS) has been widely used in an attempt to overcome these difficulties, but is limited by its two-dimensional nature, inter-user variability, and image obliteration with ablative or resectional techniques. Because the anatomy of the liver and intra-operative removal of hepatic ligaments make intrinsic or extrinsic point-based registration impractical, we have implemented a surface registration technique to map physical space into CT image space, and have tested the accuracy of this method on an anatomical liver phantom with embedded tumor targets. Materials and Methods: Liver phantoms were created from anatomically correct molds with “tumors ” embedded within the substance of the liver. Helical CT scans were performed with 3-mm slices. Using an optically active position sensor, the surface of the liver was digitized according to anatomical segments. A surface registration was performed and RMS errors of the locations of internal tumors are presented as verification. An initial point-based marker registration was performed and considered the “gold standard ” for error measurement. Results: Errors for surface registration were 2.9 mm for the entire surface and 2.8 mm for embedded targets. Conclusion: This is an initial study considering the use of surface registration for the purpose of physical-to-image registration in the area of liver surgery. Comp Aid Surg 5:11–17 (2000). ©2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: image-guided surgery, liver surgery, registration
Chromosomal Double-Strand Breaks Introduced in Mammalian Cells by Expression of I-Sce I Endonuclease (2003)

Until recently, investigators interested in analyzing the repair of chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells have been limited by the inability to introduce defined DSBs within the genome. Traditional methods of introducing breaks have included irradiation or the introduction of restriction enzymes (; see Chapter 38); however, both of these methods cause multiple lesions at different chromosomal loci. Many of these types of studies have relied on cytogenetics for the detection of gross genomic changes owing to misrepair at these damaged sites.
Number of Hits Necessary for Complement‐Mediated Hemolysis (1986)

The number of hits necessary for the C8 and C9 steps of immune hemolysis was reexamined with a previously unemployed experimental design, in which various numbers of EAC1-7, excess of the supplementary component and a constant amount of the component tested were incubated in a constant volume (Inoue et al. 1976. Infect. Immun. 13: 337). Our results were consistent with previous findings; the steps of guinea pig C8 and C9, the human C8 each followed a one-hit mechanism, while that of human C9 showed ka multi-hit response. When lysis of sensitized erythrocytes (EA) by normal human serum was analysed in a similar way, one-hit curves were obtained. This result, taken together with the above results, suggests that immune hemolysis occurs by a single lesion including a single C8 and multiple C9 in the case of human complement and that normal human serum contains sufficient excess of C9. On the other hand, when C9-deficient human serum was used for lysis of EA, multiple-hit curves were obtained. The mechanism of lysis by C5b-8 may differ from that by C5b-9.
Importance of Hypervariable Regions of HIV-1 gp120 in the Generation of Virus Neutralizing Antibodies (1990)

Variants of the envelope gene of the HIV-SF2 isolate of HIV-1 with deletions of one or more of the hypervariable domains of gp120 were produced in genetically engineered yeast as nonglycosylated denatured polypeptide analogs of gp120. Purified antigens were used to immunize experimental animals to determine whether the removal of hypervariable regions from this type of gp120 immunogen had any effect on (1) the ability of the antigen to elicit virus neutralizing antibodies; and (2) the isolate specificity of the neutralizing antibodies that were elicited. The results of these studies demonstrate that, in addition to the previously identified V3 domain, at least two other hypervariable regions in gp120 are capable of eliciting neutralizing antibodies in experimental animals. However, when all five of the hypervariable regions were deleted, the resulting antigen was no longer capable of eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Finally, the neutralizing antibodies elicited by all of these nonglycosylated antigens were effective against HIV-SF2, the isolate from which the antigens were derived, but were not able to neutralize two divergent isolates, HIV-BRU or HIV-Zr6.
Effective Anti-Neu–Initiated Antitumor Responses Require the Complex Role of CD4+ T Cells (2013)

This study reveals the essential role of CD4(+) T cell for anti-neu-mediated tumor regression.
Direct and Simple O-Demethylation of Thebaine to Oripavine (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect and Simple O-Demethylation of Thebaine to OripavineAndrew Coop, John W. Lewis, and Kenner C. RiceView Author Information Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 20, 6774Publication Date (Web):October 4, 1996Publication History Received2 August 1996Published online4 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo961473kCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1037Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (37 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Ethers,Materials,Organic compounds,Oxidation reactions Get e-Alerts
Exploring the pharmacokinetics of oral ketamine in children undergoing burns procedures (2011)

The ketamine pharmacokinetics in children with minor burns are similar to those without burns. The peak ratio of norketamine/ketamine at 1 h is 2.8 after oral administration allowing an analgesic contribution from the metabolite at this time. There is low relative bioavailability (<0.5) and slow variable absorption. Dose simulation in a child (3.5 years, 15 kg) suggests a dose regimen of oral ketamine 10 mg·kg(-1) followed by intravenous ketamine 1 mg·kg(-1) i.v. with the advent of short-duration surgical dressing change at 45 min.
High‐density algal photobioreactors using light‐emitting diodes (1994)

Lack of high-density algal photobioreactors (PBR) has been a limitation in exploiting the biotechnological potential of algae. Recent developments of highly efficient light-emitting diodes (LED using gallium aluminum arsenide chips) have made the development of a small LED-based PBR possible. We have calculated theoretical values of gas mass transfer requirements and light-intensity requirement to support high-density algal cultures for the 680 nm monochromatic red light from LED as a light source. A prototype PBR has been designed based on these calculations. A cell concentration of more than 2 x 10(9) cells/mL (more than 6.6% v%sol;v), cell doubling times as low as 12 h, and an oxygen production rate as high as 10 mmol oxygen/L culture/h were achieved using on-line ultrafiltration to periodically provide fresh medium. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sepantronium bromide (YM155) improves daratumumab-mediated cellular lysis of multiple myeloma cells by abrogation of bone marrow stromal cell-induced resistance (2016)

Sepantronium bromide (YM155) improves daratumumab-mediated cellular lysis of multiple myeloma cells by abrogation of bone marrow stromal cell-induced resistanceTargeted immunotherapy with the human anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab has recently emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of multidrug resistant patients with multiple myeloma (MM).In experimental in vitro and in vivo settings, and in recently completed clin-ical trials, daratumumab achieves highly promising response rates. 1-3Despite these encouraging results, there is a marked heterogeneity in the response of patients to daratumumab as a single agent, 1-3 suggesting that the clinical efficacy of daratumumab may still be improved by exploring and effectively tackling the mechanisms behind this heterogeneity.We have recently demonstrated that the CD38 expression levels on MM cells are an important parameter for daratumumab sensitivity and proposed combining daratumumab with CD38 up-regulating agent all trans retionoic acid (ATRA). 4Nonetheless, poor responses to daratumumab, observed even in the pres-
Oriented Active Shape Models (2008)

Active shape models (ASM) are widely employed for recognizing anatomic structures and for delineating them in medical images. In this paper, a novel strategy called oriented active shape models (OASM) is presented in an attempt to overcome the following five limitations of ASM: 1) lower delineation accuracy, 2) the requirement of a large number of landmarks, 3) sensitivity to search range, 4) sensitivity to initialization, and 5) inability to fully exploit the specific information present in the given image to be segmented. OASM effectively combines the rich statistical shape information embodied in ASM with the boundary orientedness property and the globally optimal delineation capability of the live wire methodology of boundary segmentation. The latter characteristics allow live wire to effectively separate an object boundary from other nonobject boundaries with similar properties especially when they come very close in the image domain. The approach leads to a two-level dynamic programming method, wherein the first level corresponds to boundary recognition and the second level corresponds to boundary delineation, and to an effective automatic initialization method. The method outputs a globally optimal boundary that agrees with the shape model if the recognition step is successful in bringing the model close to the boundary in the image. Extensive evaluation experiments have been conducted by utilizing 40 image (magnetic resonance and computed tomography) data sets in each of five different application areas for segmenting breast, liver, bones of the foot, and cervical vertebrae of the spine. Comparisons are made between OASM and ASM based on precision, accuracy, and efficiency of segmentation. Accuracy is assessed using both region-based false positive and false negative measures and boundary-based distance measures. The results indicate the following: 1) The accuracy of segmentation via OASM is considerably better than that of ASM; 2) The number of landmarks can be reduced by a factor of 3 in OASM over that in ASM; 3) OASM becomes largely independent of search range and initialization becomes automatic. All three benefits of OASM ensue mainly from the severe constraints brought in by the boundary-orientedness property of live wire and the globally optimal solution found by the 2-level dynamic programming algorithm.
Goodman Gilman's The Pharmacological Basic of Therapeutics (2006)

Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutic , Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutic , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Tumorigenic Poxviruses Up-Regulate Intracellular Superoxide To Inhibit Apoptosis and Promote Cell Proliferation (2005)

Tumorigenic leporipoxviruses encode catalytically inactive homologs of cellular Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). The function of the orthologous myxoma virus M131R and Shope fibroma virus S131R gene products is uncertain, but they inhibit SOD1 activity by a process linked to binding its copper chaperone. Using a superoxide-sensitive dye (hydroethidine), we observed that virus infection increased intracellular superoxide levels in an M/S131R-dependent manner. To see whether this effect promotes infection, we deleted the Shope fibroma virus S131R gene and compared the clinical manifestations of wild-type and mutant virus infections in rabbits. S131RDelta virus produced significantly smaller fibroxanthosarcoma-like growths in vivo and, at a point where these growths were already receding, wild-type infections still showed extensive leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, and fibromatous cell proliferation. Coincidentally, whereas Jurkat cells are protected from mitochondria- and Fas-mediated apoptosis by wild-type myxoma virus in vitro, M131RDelta virus could not block Fas-initiated apoptosis as judged by DNA laddering, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling, and caspase 3 cleavage assays. These data suggest that tumorigenic poxviruses can modulate intracellular redox status to their advantage to stimulate infected cell growth and inhibit programmed cell death.