gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal salt wasting in mice lacking NHE3 Na+/H+exchanger but not in mice lacking NHE2 (2001)

To study the role of Na + /H + exchanger isoform 2 (NHE2) and isoform 3 (NHE3) in sodium-fluid volume homeostasis and renal Na + conservation, mice with Nhe2( Nhe2 −/− ) and/or Nhe3( Nhe3 −/− ) null mutations were fed a Na + -restricted diet, and urinary Na + excretion, blood pressure, systemic acid-base and electrolyte status, and renal function were analyzed. Na + -restricted Nhe2 −/− mice, on either a wild-type or Nhe3 heterozygous mutant ( Nhe3 +/− ) background, did not exhibit excess urinary Na + excretion. After 15 days of Na + restriction, blood pressure, fractional excretion of Na + , and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of Nhe2 −/− Nhe3 +/− mice were similar to those of Nhe2 +/+ and Nhe3 +/− mice, and no metabolic disturbances were observed. Nhe3 −/− mice maintained on a Na + -restricted diet for 3 days exhibited hyperkalemia, urinary salt wasting, acidosis, sharply reduced blood pressure and GFR, and evidence of hypovolemic shock. These results negate the hypothesis that NHE2 plays an important renal function in sodium-fluid volume homeostasis; however, they demonstrate that NHE3 is critical for systemic electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid volume homeostasis during dietary Na + restriction and that its absence leads to renal salt wasting.
The NH2-terminal Domain of Golgin-160 Contains Both Golgi and Nuclear Targeting Information (2002)

Golgin-160 is a member of the golgin family of Golgi-localized membrane proteins. The COOH-terminal two-thirds of golgin-160 is predicted to form a coiled-coil, with an NH(2)-terminal "head" domain. To identify the Golgi targeting information in golgin-160, full-length and deletion constructs tagged with green fluorescent protein were generated. The head domain alone was targeted to the Golgi complex in the absence of assembly with endogenous golgin-160. Further truncations from both ends of the head domain narrowed the Golgi targeting information to 85 amino acids between residues 172 and 257. Surprisingly, certain truncations of the head domain also specifically accumulated in the nucleus. Both a nuclear localization signal (masked in the full-length protein) and information for nuclear retention contributed to the nuclear localization of these truncations. Because the golgin-160 head is cleaved by caspases during apoptosis, we examined the localization of epitope-tagged proteins corresponding to all potential caspase cleavage fragments. Our data suggest that three of six fragments could be targeted to the nucleus, provided that they are released from Golgi membranes after cleavage. The finding that both Golgi and nuclear targeting information is present in the same region of golgin-160 suggests that this protein may have more than one function.
Campus mysteries: Serious walking around (2013)

The Campus Mysteries project developed an augmented reality game platform called fAR-Play and a learning game called Campus Mysteries with the platform. This paper reports on the development of the platform, the development of the game, and a assessment of the playability of the game. We conclude that augmented reality games are a viable model for learning and that the process of development is itself the site of learning.
Java Cryptography (1998)

Java Cryptography teaches you how to write secure programs using Java's cryptographic tools. It includes thorough discussions of the java.security package and the Java Cryptography Extensions (JCE), showing you how to use security providers and even implement your own provider. It discusses authentication, key management, public and private key encryption, and includes a secure talk application that encrypts all data sent over the network. If you work with sensitive data, you'll find this book indispensable.
Future directions in user-computer interface software (1991)

article Free Access Share on Future directions in user-computer interface software Author: James D. Foley Graphics, Visualization and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Graphics, Visualization and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOIS BulletinVolume 12Issue 2-3Nov. 1991 pp 289–297https://doi.org/10.1145/127769.122859Published:01 October 1991Publication History 0citation586DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads586Last 12 Months22Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide MTP-131 Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2011)

Mitochondria-targeted peptide MTP-131 could prevent both iHTM and GTM(3) cells from sustained oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2).
Intracellular Transport Mechanisms of Signal Transducers (2002)

Recent discoveries have revolutionized our conceptions of enzyme-substrate specificity in signal transduction pathways. Protein kinases A and C are localized to discreet subcellular regions, and this localization changes in an isozyme-specific manner upon activation, a process referred to as translocation. The mechanisms for translocation involve interactions of soluble kinases with membrane-bound anchor proteins that recognize individual kinase isoenzymes and their state of activation. Recently, modulation of kinase-anchor protein interactions has been used to specifically regulate, positively or negatively, the activity of C kinase isozymes. Also described in this review is a role for the Rab family of small G proteins in regulating subcellular protein trafficking. The pathophysiological significance of disrupted subcellular protein transport in cell signaling and the potential therapeutic utility of targeted regulation of these events are in the process of being characterized.
Nail growth measurement employing nail indentation--an experimental follow-up study of nail growth in situ. (1996)

Nail growth was studied over 20 weeks in five healthy volunteers by indenting eight nails in each subject with a dental burr. The indentations were drilled in the middle part of the lunula with the proximal edge of the indentation 1 mm from the cuticle. Their volume was measured by filling them with an elastic two-component material immediately after indentation and 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks thereafter. Nail growth as reflected by the volume changes of the indentations could be followed for 8-12 weeks in the thumb, the middle finger and the second toe and for 20 weeks in the big toe. The most rapid outgrowth, 8-12 weeks, occurred in the second toe and middle finger. The decrease in the volume of the indentations by approximately 30-35%, as they travelled from the lunula towards the distal end of the nail plate, also reflects nail growth from the nail bed. This study has shown that indentation of the nails and the measurement of their volume changes provides a reliable and simple method for the study of nail growth.
Time course of detection of viral and serologic markers preceding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion: implications for screening of blood and tissue donors (1995)

Recent improvement in the sensitivity of anti-HIV assays has resulted in significant shortening of the preseroconversion window period. Consequently, the incremental reduction in the window period that could be achieved by implementing direct virus-detection assays has diminished significantly.
Notch and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Impact Definitive Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and eventually, treat patients. However, these cell sources produce progeny that retain embryonic and/or fetal characteristics. The failure to mature to definitive, adult-type cells is a major barrier for iPSC-based disease modeling and drug discovery. To directly address these concerns, we have developed a chemically defined, serum and feeder-free-directed differentiation platform to generate hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and resultant adult-type progeny from iPSCs. This system allows for strict control of signaling pathways over time through growth factor and/or small molecule modulation. Through direct comparison with our previously described protocol for the production of primitive wave hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate that induced HSPCs are enhanced for erythroid and myeloid colony forming potential, and strikingly, resultant erythroid-lineage cells display enhanced expression of adult β globin indicating definitive pathway patterning. Using this system, we demonstrate the stage-specific roles of two key signaling pathways, Notch and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), in the derivation of definitive hematopoietic cells. We illustrate the stage-specific necessity of Notch signaling in the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors and downstream definitive, adult-type erythroblasts. We also show that genetic or small molecule inhibition of the AHR results in the increased production of CD34<sup>+</sup> CD45<sup>+</sup> HSPCs while conversely, activation of the same receptor results in a block of hematopoietic cell emergence. Results presented here should have broad implications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and future clinical translation of iPSC-derived blood cells. Stem Cells 2018;36:1004-1019.
Mismatched Training and Test Distributions Can Outperform Matched Ones (2014)

In learning theory, the training and test sets are assumed to be drawn from the same probability distribution. This assumption is also followed in practical situations, where matching the training and test distributions is considered desirable. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that mismatched training and test distributions in supervised learning can in fact outperform matched distributions in terms of the bottom line, the out-of-sample performance, independent of the target function in question. This surprising result has theoretical and algorithmic ramifications that we discuss.
C-terminal peptides coassemble into Aβ42 oligomers and protect neurons against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disorder that threatens to become an epidemic as the world population ages. Neurotoxic oligomers of Abeta42 are believed to be the main cause of AD; therefore, disruption of Abeta oligomerization is a promising approach for developing therapeutics for AD. Formation of Abeta42 oligomers is mediated by intermolecular interactions in which the C terminus plays a central role. We hypothesized that peptides derived from the C terminus of Abeta42 may get incorporated into oligomers of Abeta42, disrupt their structure, and thereby inhibit their toxicity. We tested this hypothesis using Abeta fragments with the general formula Abeta(x-42) (x = 28-39). A cell viability screen identified Abeta(31-42) as the most potent inhibitor. In addition, the shortest peptide, Abeta(39-42), also had high activity. Both Abeta(31-42) and Abeta(39-42) inhibited Abeta-induced cell death and rescued disruption of synaptic activity by Abeta42 oligomers at micromolar concentrations. Biophysical characterization indicated that the action of these peptides likely involved stabilization of Abeta42 in nontoxic oligomers. Computer simulations suggested a mechanism by which the fragments coassembled with Abeta42 to form heterooligomers. Thus, Abeta(31-42) and Abeta(39-42) are leads for obtaining mechanism-based drugs for treatment of AD using a systematic structure-activity approach.
Homogeneous sample preparation for automated high throughput analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1999)

This work presents a simple method for obtaining homogeneous sample surfaces in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) for the automated analysis of peptides and proteins. The sample preparation method is based on applying the sample/matrix mixture onto a pre-deposited highly diluted matrix spot. The pre-deposited crystals act as seeds for the new sample containing crystals which become much smaller in size and more evenly distributed than with conventional methods. This 'seed-layer' method was developed, optimised and compared with the dried-droplet method using peptides and proteins in the 1000-20,000 Da range. The seed-layer method increases the surface homogeneity, spot to spot reproducibility and sample washability as compared with the commonly used dried-droplet method. This methodology is applicable to alpha-cyanohydroxycinnamic acid, sinapinic acid and ferulic acid, which all form homogeneous crystal surfaces. Within-spot variation and between-spot variation was investigated using statistics at a 95% confidence level (n = 36). The statistical values were generated from more than 5000 data points collected from 500 spectra. More than 90% of the sample locations results in high intensity spectra with relatively low standard deviations (RSDs). Typically obtained data showed an RSD of 19-35% within a sample spot as well as in-between spots for proteins, and an RSD of < or = 50% for peptides. Linear calibration curves were obtained within one order of magnitude using internal calibration with a point-RSD of 3% (n = 10). The sample homogeneity allows mass spectra (average of 16 laser shots) to be obtained on each individual sample within 15 sec, whereby a 100 spot target plate can be run in 25 min. High density target plates using the seed-layer method were prepared by spotting approximately 100 picoliter droplets onto the target, resulting in sample spots < or = 500 microns in diameter using a flow-through piezo-electric micro-dispenser. By using this automated sample preparation step lower standard deviations are obtained in comparison to manually prepared samples.
The soluble CD40 ligand sCD154 in systemic lupus erythematosus (1999)

We found that the plasma of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could induce a human B-cell line (Ramos) to express high levels of immune accessory molecules that are commonly found on blood B cells of patients with active SLE. The ability of SLE plasma to induce such phenotypic changes could be abrogated by neutralizing antibodies specific for the CD40 ligand (CD154) but not by antibodies to TNF-alpha. Immunoprecipitation studies with anti-CD154 identified a 20-kDa protein in the plasma of SLE patients with active disease, but not in plasma of normal donors, indicating that such plasma contained soluble CD154 (sCD154). Using a quantitative ELISA method, we found that the plasma of patients with active disease had levels of sCD154 that were significantly higher than those found in plasma of normal donors. Levels of CD154 transcripts in SLE blood lymphocytes correlated with the relative concentrations of sCD154 found in SLE plasma. Furthermore, plasma levels of sCD154 correlated with the titers of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibody and with clinical disease activity. These studies indicate that sCD154 of patients with SLE may act as a functional ligand for CD40 that is associated with SLE disease activity.
Adaptive radiosity textures for bidirectional ray tracing (1990)

We present a rendering method designed to provide accurate, general simulation of global illumination for realistic image synthesis. Separating surface interaction into diffuse plus specular, we compute the specular component on the fly, as in ray tracing, and store the diffuse component (the radiosity) for later-reuse, similar to a radiosity algorithm. Radiosities are stored in adaptive radiosity textures (rexes ) 1 that record the pattern of light and shadow on every diffuse surface in the scene. They adaptively subdivide themselves to the appropriate level of detail for the picture being made, resolving sharp shadow edges automatically.We use a three-pass, bidirectional ray tracing algorithm that traces rays from both the lights and the eye. The "size pass" records visibility information on diffuse surfaces; the "light pass" progressively traces rays from lights and bright surfaces to deposit photons on diffuse surfaces to construct the radiosity textures; and the "eye pass" traces rays from the eye, collecting light from diffuse surfaces to make a picture.
Constitutional Cases 2000: An Overview (2001)

The last year was a high-profile one for the Court in constitutional matters: Two cases, PHS and the Securities Reference, are especially noteworthy, not just for their political significance, but for their likely impact on constitutional jurisprudence in years to come. Several other decisions concerning freedom of association, equality rights and Aboriginal rights also reflected important developments in their respective areas, and in one case underscored deep divisions on the Court. Notably, 2011 was a year of unusual unanimity on the Court in the constitutional area: The justices agreed in all but four constitutional cases. That said, where the justices split, a core group comprising the Chief Justice and Justices Binnie, Charron, Rothstein and Cromwell were most likely to sign on to the majority opinion. Continuing a trend in recent years, the more liberal Justices LeBel, Fish and Abella found the mselves writing separately relatively frequently, as did the especially independent-minded Justice Deschamps. For the second year in a row, Prime Minister Stephen Harper will have a chance to change the face of the Court given the retirement of Justice Deschamps. With the appointment of her successor, Justice Wagner, Mr. Harper has appointed five justices, making 2012 the first year of a “Harper Court”. With two approaching mandatory retirements, by the time of the next federal election Mr. Harper will have had an opportunity to appoint a clear majority of justices, who will shape the jurisprudence of the Court for years to come.
Enhanced Degradation of Halogenated Aliphatics by Zero‐Valent Iron (1994)

Abstract Laboratory tests were conducted to examine zero‐valent iron as an enhancing agent in the dehalogenation of 14 chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes. All compounds were tested by batch procedures in which 10 g of 100‐mesh electrolytic iron was added to 40 ml hypovials. Aqueous solutions of the respective compounds were added to the hypovials, and the decline in concentration was monitored over time. Substantial rates of degradation were observed for all compounds tested with the exception of dichloromethane. The degradation process appeared to be pseudo first‐order with respect to the organic compound, with the rate constant appearing to be directly proportional to the surface area to volume ratio and increasing with increasing degree of chlorination. Column tests showed the process to proceed under flow conditions with degradation rates indpendent of velocity and consistent with those measured in the batch tests. When normalized to 1 m 2 /ml, the t 50 values ranged from 0.013 to 20 hr, and were about 5 to 15 orders of magnitude lower than values reported for natural rates of abiotic degradation. The results indicate abiotic reductive dechlorination, with iron serving as the source of electrons; the mechanism is, however, uncertain. Based on the rapid rates of degradation, both in situ and aboveground applications for remediation of contaminated ground water are proposed.
Hapten-induced colitis associated with maintained Th1 and inflammatory responses in IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice (2000)

IFN-gamma is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. To further define the role of IFN-gamma in intestinal inflammation, we studied the effects of intra-colonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) instillation in mice with a functionally inactivated IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFN-gammaR1(- / -)). Our results indicate that IFN-gamma is not necessary for the induction of hapten-induced colitis: after TNBS administration both wild-type and IFN-gammaR1(- / -) mice lost body weight, and the histological features of TNBS-induced colitis were comparable. Colons of IFN-gammaR1(- / -) mice contained a greater number of cells, represented by macrophages and CD4(+) T cells; caudal lymph node cells produced more IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha upon stimulation in vitro. Moreover, IL-18 and IL-12 p40 RNA levels were comparably up-regulated after TNBS treatment in IFN-gammaR1(- / -) wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that IFN-gamma is dispensable for the development of TNBS-induced colitis. Importantly, the production of Th1 cytokines (e. g. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) by caudal lymph node T lymphocytes was enhanced rather than decreased in IFNgammaR1(- / -) mice with no evidence for default Th2 development.
Combinatorial Strategies for the Discovery of Novel Protease Specificities (1999)

This article discusses proven and possible ways to generate novel cleavage specificities in serine proteases using combinatorial mutagenesis, compares the different ways of screening or selecting for desirable mutants, and examines the ways in which combinatorial substrate libraries can be used to gain a more comprehensive insight into protease cleavage preferences. The use of bacteriophage to display both combinatorial protease libraries and combinatorial substrate libraries will be discussed.
Evaluating task scheduling in hadoop-based cloud systems (2013)

Nowadays, private clouds are widely used for resource sharing. Hadoop-based clusters are the most popular implementations for private clouds. However, because workload traces are not publicly available, few previous work compares and evaluates different cloud solutions with publicly available benchmarks. In this paper, we use a recently-released Cloud benchmarks suite - CloudRank-D to quantitatively evaluate five different Hadoop task schedulers, including FIFO, capacity, naïve fair sharing, fair sharing with delay, and HOD (Hadoop On Demand) scheduling. Our experiments show that with an appropriate scheduler, the throughput of a private cloud can be improved by 20%.
FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ANATOMY OF OBLIQUE INGUINAL HERNIA (1896)

Annals of Surgery, the world's most highly referenced surgery journal, provides the international medical community with information on significant contributions to the advancement of surgical science and practice. Surgeons look to Annals of Surgery first for innovations in practice and technique. Special editorial features include "Advances in Surgical T​echnique," which provides up-to-the-minute coverage of current clinical issues, and monthly review articles that cover the most current practice concerns. Affiliated Societies: American Surgical Association European Surgical Association
The Effect of Dynamic Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning on Arterial Oxygen Saturation (2009)

The dynamic intermittent hypoxic conditioning protocol used in the present study resulted in an acclimation response, such that SpO2 was significantly increased at all altitudes tested, with shorter exposure times than generally reported.