gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White-Light-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device Using Lanthanide Complexes (1996)

White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices with multilayer structures were fabricated using lanthanide metal complexes as the emitter layers. A device with a structure of glass substrate/indium-tin oxide/tetraphenyldiamine derivative (TPD)/terbium complex (tris(acetylacetonato)(monophenanthroline)Tb(III))/ europium complex (tris(dibenzoylmethanato)(monophenanthroline)Eu(III))/aluminum complex (Alq)/Mg:Ag exhibited white electroluminescence. The spectrum consisted of three discrete peaks at 410–420 nm, 545 nm, and 615 nm, from TPD, Tb complex, and Eu complex, respectively.
Toxicity, Feeding Deterrence, and Effect of Activity of 1,8-Cineole from <I>Artemisia annua</I>on Progeny Production of <I>Tribolium castanaeum</I>(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (2001)

1,8-Cineole isolated from Artemisia annua was tested against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) for contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and antifeedant activity. The adults of T. castaneum were more susceptible than larvae to both contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole, and LD50 and LC50 values of 108.4 microg/mg body weight of adult insect and 1.52 mg/liter air were found, respectively. Furthermore, 14-d-old T. castaneum larvae were more tolerant than 16- and 18-d-old larvae and adults to the contact toxicity of 1,8-cineole, but the 16- and 18-d-old larvae have similar susceptibility. In contrast, all the larvae (14-18 d old) of T. castaneum were much more tolerant than the adults to the fumigant action, but larvae of different ages had similar susceptibility. The compound 1,8-ciineole applied to filter paper at a concentration of 3.22-16.10 mg/cm2 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the hatching of T. castaneum eggs and the subsequent survival rate of the larvae. Adult emergence was also reduced by 1,8-cineole. Feeding deterrence of 81.9% was achieved in T. castateum adults by using a concentration of 121.9 mg/g food, whereas larvae showed 68.8% at the same concentration.
The Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis with a Biodegradable Antibiotic-Impregnated Implant (2002)

The use of local antibiotics from a biodegradable implant for chronic osteomyelitis is an attractive alternative. The implant delivers high tissue levels, obliterates dead space, aids bone repair and does not need to be removed. The purpose of this paper is to review our early clinical experience with custom-made calcium sulfate (Osteoset bone void filler) antibiotic-impregnated implants.
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder (2016)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behaviour. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, P = 5.87 × 10 <sup>-</sup> <sup>9</sup>; odds ratio (OR) = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, P = 4.53 × 10 <sup>-</sup> <sup>9</sup>; OR = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
Examining the mechanisms of glucose regulation. (2012)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increased by 49% between 1990 and 2000, reaching nearly epidemic proportions. In 2010, DM (type 1 or 2) was estimated to affect nearly 30% (10.9 million) of people 65 years and older and 215,000 of those younger than 20 years. Macrovascular and microvascular complications can occur; DM is a major cause of heart disease and stroke, and is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Based on 2007 data, the economic impact of DM is considerable, with total costs, direct medical costs, and indirect costs estimated at $174 billion, $116 billion, and $58 billion, respectively. Normal glucose regulation is maintained by an intricate interaction between pancreatic β-cells (insulin/amylin), pancreatic α-cells (glucagon), and associated organs (eg, intestines, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue). Newly elucidated mechanisms include the involvement of the kidneys in glucose regulation, as well as central glucose regulation by the brain. The central defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are decreased insulin secretion, glucoregulatory hormone deficiency/resistance, and insulin resistance, resulting in abnormal glucose homeostasis. This article provides an extensive review of mechanisms involved in physiologic blood glucose regulation and imbalances in glucose homeostasis.
Selective Iodine‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Amination of C(sp3)H Bonds with ortho‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Anilines to Give Quinazolines (2012)

Access to quinazolines: The selective amination of C(sp3)H bonds adjacent to nitrogen or oxygen atoms of N-alkylamides, ethers, or alcohols with ortho-carbonyl-substituted anilines constitutes the first step in a tandem annulation that leads to quinazolines in good to excellent yields (see scheme; NIS=N-Iodosuccinimide, TBHP=tert-butyl hydroperoxide). The selectivity of the amination of primary and secondary CH bonds is also noteworthy (left: >3:1, right: >99:1). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The HLA Class II Allele DRB1*1501 Is Over-Represented in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

DRB1*1501 is more prevalent among IPF patients than normal subjects, and may be associated with greater impairment of gas exchange. These data are novel evidence that immunogenetic processes can play a role in the susceptibility to and/or manifestations of IPF. Findings here of a disease association at the HLA-DR locus have broad pathogenic implications, illustrate a specific chromosomal area for incremental, targeted genomic study, and may identify a distinct clinical phenotype among patients with this enigmatic, morbid lung disease.
Non-Viral Gene Delivery Methods (2013)

Gene delivery has attracted increasing interest as a highly promising therapeutic method to treat various diseases, including both genetic and acquired disorders. Viral-vectors based gene delivery can achieve higher transduction efficiency and long-term gene expression, but they may be associated with some shortcomings, such as immunogenicity, carcinogenicity, poor target cell specificity, inability to transfer large size genes and high costs. Non-viral approaches show high potential due to advantages of relative safety, ability to transfer large size gene, less toxicity and easiness for preparation etc. However, the clinical application of non-viral methods is still restricted by some limitations including low transfection efficiency and poor transgene expression. In order to improve gene transfer efficacy, a lot of efforts have been made in the past years, and numerous gene carriers and techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarized the features, drawbacks and prospects of existing and emerging non-viral gene delivery methods.
Linear programming based detectors for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2011)

We present and study linear programming based detectors for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels. Interesting instances of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels are magnetic storage, optical storage and Wyner's cellular network model. We show that the optimal maximum a posteriori detection in such channels lends itself to a natural linear programming based sub-optimal detector. We call this the Pairwise linear program detector. Our experiments show that the Pairwise linear program detector performs poorly. We then propose two methods to strengthen our detector. These detectors are based on systematically enhancing the Pairwise linear program. The first one, the Block linear program detector adds higher order potential functions in an exhaustive manner, as constraints, to the Pairwise linear program detector. We show by experiments that the Block linear program detector has performance close to the optimal detector. We then develop another detector by adaptively adding frustrated cycles to the Pairwise linear program detector. Empirically, this detector also has performance close to the optimal one and turns out to be less complex then the Block linear program detector.
Age and acute myeloid leukemia: real world data on decision to treat and outcomes from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry (2008)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is most common in the elderly, and most elderly are thought to be unfit for intensive treatment because of the risk of fatal toxicity. The Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry covers 98% of all patients with AML (nonacute promyelocytic leukemia) diagnosed in 1997 to 2005 (n = 2767), with a median follow-up of 5 years, and reports eligibility for intensive therapy, performance status (PS), complete remission rates, and survival. Outcomes were strongly age and PS dependent. Early death rates were always lower with intensive therapy than with palliation only. Long-term survivors were found among elderly given intensive treatment despite poor initial PS. Total survival of elderly AML patients was better in the geographic regions where most of them were given standard intensive therapy. This analysis provides unique real world data from a large, complete, and unselected AML population, both treated and untreated, and gives background to treatment decisions for the elderly. Standard intensive treatment improves early death rates and long-term survival compared with palliation. Most AML patients up to 80 years of age should be considered fit for intensive therapy, and new therapies must be compared with standard induction.
Sleep Deprivation and Vigilant Attention (2008)

Sleep deprivation severely compromises the ability of human beings to respond to stimuli in a timely fashion. These deficits have been attributed in large part to failures of vigilant attention, which many theorists believe forms the bedrock of the other more complex components of cognition. One of the leading paradigms used as an assay of vigilant attention is the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), a high signal-load reaction-time test that is extremely sensitive to sleep deprivation. Over the last twenty years, four dominant findings have emerged from the use of this paradigm. First, sleep deprivation results in an overall slowing of responses. Second, sleep deprivation increases the propensity of individuals to lapse for lengthy periods (>500 ms), as well as make errors of commission. Third, sleep deprivation enhances the time-on-task effect within each test bout. Finally, PVT results during extended periods of wakefulness reveal the presence of interacting circadian and homeostatic sleep drives. A theme that links these findings is the interplay of "top-down" and "bottom-up" attention in producing the unstable and unpredictable patterns of behavior that are the hallmark of the sleep-deprived state.
Studies on the chemical synthesis of potential antimetabolites. 30. Regioselective introduction of a chlorine atom into the imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine nucleus (1982)

Abstract Reactions of some imidazo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine 4‐oxides with phosphoryl chloride are described. Treatment of N ‐1‐substituted imidazo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine 4‐oxides with phosphoryl chloride led to the predominant formation of 7‐chloro derivatives. This feature was successfully applied to the preparation of a chloroimidazo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine nucleoside, which served as an important precursor of 1‐deazaadenosine.
Computed Tomography-guided Stereotactic Surgery (1980)

Computed tomography (CT) has become the first modality to provide the patient's self-brain map for stereotactic neurosurgery. This paper describes our development of a nearly artifact-free stereotactic frame designed for CT imaging. The surgical procedure is performed within the CT scanner itself. The scanner's computer, via a new software program, spatially integrates the new stereotactic frame with the CT images of the patient and with the scanner gantry to provide rapid coordinate determinations, calculate potential probe trajectories, obtain target accuracy within 1 mm, and observe for any procedural complications. Our initial clinical experience with this system is described.
Learning travel recommendations from user-generated GPS traces (2011)

The advance of GPS-enabled devices allows people to record their location histories with GPS traces, which imply human behaviors and preferences related to travel. In this article, we perform two types of travel recommendations by mining multiple users' GPS traces. The first is a generic one that recommends a user with top interesting locations and travel sequences in a given geospatial region. The second is a personalized recommendation that provides an individual with locations matching her travel preferences. To achieve the first recommendation, we model multiple users' location histories with a tree-based hierarchical graph ( TBHG ). Based on the TBHG , we propose a HITS (Hypertext Induced Topic Search)-based model to infer the interest level of a location and a user's travel experience (knowledge). In the personalized recommendation, we first understand the correlation between locations, and then incorporate this correlation into a collaborative filtering (CF)-based model, which predicts a user's interests in an unvisited location based on her locations histories and that of others. We evaluated our system based on a real-world GPS trace dataset collected by 107 users over a period of one year. As a result, our HITS-based inference model outperformed baseline approaches like rank-by-count and rank-by-frequency . Meanwhile, we achieved a better performance in recommending travel sequences beyond baselines like rank-by-count . Regarding the personalized recommendation, our approach is more effective than the weighted Slope One algorithm with a slightly additional computation, and is more efficient than the Pearson correlation-based CF model with the similar effectiveness.
Preservation of Trehalose-Loaded Red Blood Cells by Lyophilization (2005)

A method for freeze-drying red blood cells (RBCs) while maintaining high viability has important implications in blood transfusion and clinical medicine. RBCs loaded with the disaccharide trehalose can be freeze-dried in a formulation of hydroxyethyl starch, human serum albumin, and trehalose to residual water contents between 2% and 4%. Rehydration of the freeze-dried erythrocytes resulted in about 55% survival, based on the percent hemolysis. The surviving cells can synthesize ATP and 2,3-DPG, have preserved morphology, and have low levels of methemoglobin. Biochemical analyses showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in freezedried RBCs are very similar to those of fresh RBCs. Secondary structure of hemoglobin was similar to that of fresh hemoglobin. Trehalose loading is required to achieve the stabilization of hemoglobin. These data provide an important step towards a stable erythrocyte product, which can prove invaluable for transfusion and clinical applications.
Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (modified FOLFOX-6) as first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance status (2011)

This study was designed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified FOLFOX-6 regimen in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients with poor performance status (PS). From January 2005 to August 2010, 23 AGC patients with poor PS who received mFOLFOX-6 as first-line chemotherapy were reviewed. Patients received 100 mg/m(2) oxaliplatin and 100 mg/m(2) leucovorin (LV) as a 2-h intravenous infusion on day 1, followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 2000 mg/m(2) as a 46-h continuous infusion. A total of 22 patients received more than 3 cycles of chemotherapy and were evaluable for tumor response. Seven patients achieved partial response, giving an overall response rate of 31.8%. The median time to progression and overall survival were 3.5 and 9.2 months, respectively. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicities were noted: neutropenia in four patients (17.4%), anemia in two (8.7%) and thrombocytopenia in one (4.3%). Two patients developed febrile neutropenia and one of these patients succumbed to sepsis. Grade 3-4 gastrointestinal toxicities, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were observed in less than 10% of patients. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 9 patients (39.1%). In conclusion, the mFOLFOX-6 regimen for AGC patients with poor PS was effective with acceptable toxicity. Our results suggest that this regimen may be an effective option for these patients.
Swelling and Smoothing of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Salt (2001)

By use of in situ atomic force microscopy, polyelectrolyte multilayers were shown to swell on exposure to solutions containing salt. The quasilinear swelling response, used to estimate swelling coefficients and equilibria, exhibits orders of magnitude of difference, depending on the pair of polyelectrolytes constituting the multilayer. The surface roughness of as-made multilayers was observed to decrease significantly upon annealing in salt solutions.
Using Trade Books to Identify and Change Discriminatory Practices (2018)

Elementary students need opportunities to explore social justice issues in their classrooms. They also need to examine text to analyze historical figures’ values, biases, and beliefs. Using trade books is one method to expose students to multiple perspectives in a diverse world. Having students identify, analyze, and address discriminatory practices through trade books equips them with the skills necessary to build empathy and address oppressive systems.
Environmental Data Analysis (2016)

Most environmental data involve a large degree of complexity and uncertainty. Environmental Data Analysis is created to provide modern quantitative tools and techniques designed specifically to meet the needs of environmental sciences and related fields. This book has an impressive coverage of the scope. Main techniques described in this book are models for linear and nonlinear environmental systems, statistical & numerical methods, data envelopment analysis, risk assessments and life cycle assessments. These state-of-the-art techniques have attracted significant attention over the past decades in environmental monitoring, modeling and decision making. Environmental Data Analysis explains carefully various data analysis procedures and techniques in a clear, concise, and straightforward language and is written in a self-contained way that is accessible to researchers and advanced students in science and engineering. This is an excellent reference for scientists and engineers who wish to analyze, interpret and model data from various sources, and is also an ideal graduate-level textbook for courses in environmental sciences and related fields. Contents: Preface Time series analysis Chaos and dynamical systems Approximation Interpolation Statistical methods Numerical methods Optimization Data envelopment analysis Risk assessments Life cycle assessments Index
Parallel-plate lab-on-a-chip based on digital microﬂuidics for on-chip electrochemical analysis (2013)

This paper describes an electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) integrated with on-chip electrochemical microsensor by IC compatible fabrication process, and its application for the entire online biosensing process capable of fully automatic analysis for ferrocenemethanol (FcM) and dopamine (DA). In this work, we made full use of the parallel-plate structure of the EWOD digital microfluidic device to fabricate the microfluidic module on the bottom plate and the three-microelectrode-system-integrated electrochemical cell together with patterned ground electrode on the top plate. The proposed LOC possesses the multifunction of: (1) creating, merging and transporting of microliter-level sample droplets, (2) online biosensing, and (3) droplets recycling. The three-electrode-integrated microsensor not only reveals a sensitive electrochemical detection for FcM in a wide concentration range (10 µM–1.0 mM), but also shows good stability, selectivity and reproducibility for surface-controlled detection of DA. The calibration of DA was linear for concentration from 1.0 to 50.0 µM with a high sensitivity of 2145 nA µM−1 cm−2 (R2 = 0.9933) and estimated detection limit of 0.42 µM (signal/noise ratio of 3). This work shows the promise of state-of-the-art digital microfluidic biosensors for fully automatic online bioanalysis in a future LOC to perform on-chip biomedical protocols in vitro diagnostic assays.
Infrared photoluminescence characterization of long-wavelength HgCdTe detector materials (1993)

Using a double-modulation, infrared photoluminescence technique, the authors have examined a variety of long-wavelength, HgCdTe materials under development for focal-plane array applications. Near-bandgap photoluminescence was easily observed in 'good quality' HgCdTe at 77 K, and they demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique for routine characterization of HgCdTe prior to device processing. Information regarding minority carrier lifetime, compositional uniformity, and native defects is obtained from photoluminescence data.
Are Uremia, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis Linked with Impaired Antioxidant Mechanisms? (2008)

Increased carotid IMT in HD patients is independent of duration of HD or diabetes status. Age and MDA are the significant predictors of carotid IMT. Increased oxidative stress due to impaired antioxidant mechanisms, particularly reduced plasma thiol redox potential, may account for accelerated atherosclerosis in high-risk patients with chronic kidney failure and/or DM.