gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Nanocrystal Superlattice Self-Assembly (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTime-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Nanocrystal Superlattice Self-AssemblyStephen Connolly, Stephen Fullam, Brian Korgel, and Donald FitzmauriceView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12, 2969–2970Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1998Publication History Received17 December 1997Published online13 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974273ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974273erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views804Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Lattices,Nanocrystals,Self organization,Silver,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts
EgoLP: Fast and Distributed Community Detection in Billion-Node Social Networks (2014)

Community structure is one of the most important and characteristic features of social networks. Numerous methods for discovering implicit user communities from a social graph of users have been proposed in recent years. However, most of them have performance and scalability issues which make them hardly applicable to population-wide analysis of modern social networks (billions of users and growing). In this paper we present EgoLP - an efficient and fully distributed method for social community detection. The method is based on propagating community labels through the network with the help of friendship groups of individual users. Experimental evaluation of Apache Spark implementation of the method showed that it outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in terms of a) similarity of extracted communities to the reference ones from synthetic networks, b) precision of user attributes prediction in Facebook based solely on community memberships, c) likelihood of the discovered community structure according to the proposed generative model. At the same time, the method retains near-linear complexity in the number of edges and is thus applicable to social graphs of up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> users.
Crystalline ricin D, a toxic anti-tumor lectin from seeds of Ricinus communis. (1978)

A toxic lectin, ricin D, present in the seeds of Ricinus communis has been purified and crystallized in a form suitable for high resolution crystallographic structure studies. This protein is different from a previously found form of ricin (also present in the same seeds), the only ricin for which a preliminary x-ray investigation has been reported so far. Ricin D crystallizes from an aqueous solution in an orthorhombic unit cell of symmetry P2(1)2(1)2(1) and a = 79.0, b = 114.7, and c = 72.8 A. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule with an average molecular weight of 62,400. The crystal is fairly stable to x-radiation and has a water content of approximately 54% by volume. It appears to comprise two closely related species of proteins, the major species corresponding to recin D and the other presumably corresponding to a deamidation product of ricin D. The two species have nearly identical molecular size and amino acid compositions, but different charges.
Therapy of advanced metastatic lung cancer with an anti-Trop-2-SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132): Phase I/II clinical experience. (2015)

2504 Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is a new ADC comprising SN-38, the active metabolite of the topoisomerase inhibitor, camptothecin (irinotecan), conjugated to an anti-Trop-2 antibody. In vitro and in vivopreclinical data suggest that IMMU-132 is a unique ADC, being most efficacious at a high drug-antibody ratio (DAR) of 7.6, and capable of delivering up to 136-fold more SN-38 than its parental drug, irinotecan, in a human cancer xenograft. Trop-2 is widely expressed in most epithelial cancers, including non-small and small cell lung cancers (NSCLC and SCLC). Therefore, the safety and efficacy of this new ADC is being examined in advanced metastatic lung cancers. Methods: A phase I/II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01631552) is ongoing in subsets of previously-treated patients with metastatic lung cancer, administering IMMU-132 on days 1 and 8 of 21-day treatment cycles. Treatment is continued based on tolerance or until progression, with safety and response assessments made every week and at 8-12 weeks, respectively. Dose reductions and delays allowed most patients to continue treatment until progression. Results: Thirty-four lung cancer (15 NSCLC and 19 SCLC) patients with a median of 3 (range, 1-7) prior therapies were given IMMU-132 doses at 8 mg/kg (N = 22), 10 mg/kg (N = 10), 12 mg/kg (N = 2). Tumor responses, including squamous and adenocarcinoma NSCLC types having PR, are summarized in the table below. Neutropenia was the only Grade 3/4 toxicity (G3, 15%; G4, 3%). Other drug-related G3 toxicities included diarrhea (9%), anemia (6%), leucopenia (3%), lymphopenia (3%), pneumonia (3%), vomiting (3%), dizziness (3%). No differences were found between 8 and 10 mg/kg dosing. No pt developed antibodies (ELISA) to the conjugate. Conclusions: Repeated cycles of IMMU-132 monotherapy are well tolerated. Objective responses in previously treated metastatic lung cancer encourage further study of IMMU-132 in these cancers. Clinical trial information: NCT01631552. Tumor type PR Disease stabilization (PR+SD) Clinical benefit (PR+ SD) > 6 mo Median TPP (Mo) NSCLC (N = 15) 27% 73% 42% 3.3+ SCLC (N = 19) 26% 53% 29% 2.8+
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease (2005)

Mounting evidence highlights the role of adipose tissue in the development of a systemic inflammatory state that contributes to obesity-associated vasculopathy and cardiovascular risk. Circulating mediators of inflammation participate in the mechanisms of vascular insult and atheromatous change, and many of these inflammatory proteins are secreted directly from adipocytes and adipose tissue-derived macrophages. Several factors linking obesity with an increased cardiovascular risk have been identified. The adipocyte-specific secretory protein adiponectin is a particularly promising candidate in this context. Its levels are decreased in obesity. Adiponectin may mediate some of its demonstrated cardioprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to decreased expression of beneficial adipokines, secretion of a host of inflammatory factors from visceral adipose tissue may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. The cardioprotective effects of many of the most popular drug regimens corroborate these conclusions, demonstrating that along with improvements in other therapeutic end points, they mediate improvements in systemic inflammation. In some cases, these improvements are attributable to direct suppression of inflammatory signaling in adipocytes. The targeted suppression of various proinflammatory cascades in adipocytes specifically represents an exciting new therapeutic opportunity for the cardiovascular disease area.
Analog-to-digital converters (2005)

This paper analyzed the internal relationships of the performance parameters of ADCs, showing their frequency dependency and structure dependency. The history and current trends in ADC technologies based on the P and F figures-of-merit were also reviewed. Historically, there was an increase in performance around 1994, with a share rise around 1997, which broke the stagnant performance discussed by Waiden (1999). While the past few years have shown a sharp increase in ADC performance, we have shown that performance and power dissipation depend greatly on the ADC structure and the target applications. With the progression of wideband radio systems like UWB and OFDM comes a growing demand to provide faster sampling rates and higher resolutions with lower power dissipation. With the innovation of advanced communication techniques like multi-input/multi-output and multistandard radios, the demand is growing to provide multichannel programmable data conversion, both of which are pushing the performance of ADCs further in the coming years.
Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials (2006)

To seek a suitable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, we compared various hydrogel materials originating from animals, plants, or synthetic peptides. Human auricular chondrocytes were embedded in atelopeptide collagen, alginate, or PuraMatrix, all of which are or will soon be clinically available. The chondrocytes in the atelopeptide collagen proliferated well, while the others showed no proliferation. A high-cell density culture within each hydrogel enhanced the expression of collagen type II mRNA, when compared with that without hydrogel. By stimulation with insulin and BMP-2, collagen type II and glycosaminoglycan were significantly accumulated within all hydrogels. Chondrocytes in the atelopeptide collagen showed high expression of beta1 integrin, seemingly promoting cell-matrix signaling. The N-cadherin expression was inhibited in the alginate, implying that decrease in cell-to-cell contacts may maintain chondrocyte activity. The matrix synthesis in PuraMatrix was less than that in others, while its Young's modulus was the lowest, suggesting a weakness in gelling ability and storage of cells and matrices. Considering biological effects and clinical availability, atelopeptide collagen may be accessible for clinical use. However, because synthetic peptides can control the risk of disease transmission and immunoreactivities, some improvement in gelling ability would provide a more useful hydrogel for ideal cartilage regeneration.
Detection of Candida albicans and other yeasts in blood by PCR (1994)

Primers complementary to the region of genes coding for rRNA in Candida albicans were used in PCRs to detect yeast DNA extracted from blood samples containing various Candida species. One fragment (105 bp) was amplified from all yeasts tested, whereas a second (684 bp) was only amplified when C. albicans DNA was present. The level of sensitivity was 15 +/- 5 (mean +/- standard error) CFU of C. albicans per ml of blood.
Transcriptome of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (2014)

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive agricultural and nuisance pest rapidly expanding its incidence in North America. This voracious pest poses a significant threat to rural and urban agriculture, especially to specialty crops such as apples, grapes and ornamentals, as well as staple crops including soybean and corn. The object of this study was to generate transcript sequence resources for H. halys. RNA-seq libraries derived from distinct developmental stages and sexes were sequenced and assembled into 248,569 putatively unique transcripts (PUTs). PUTs were segmented into three disjoint tiers of varying reliability, with 4,794 classified as gold tier (highest quality), 16,878 as silver, and 14,357 as bronze. The gold-tier PUTs associated with 2,580 distinct non-redundant protein sequences from the NCBI NR database--1,785 of these (69%) mapped to annotated UniProtKB database proteins, from which 1,273 unique Pfam families and 459 unique Molecular Function GO terms were encountered. Of the silver tier's 6,527 PUTs associated with unique proteins, 4,193 mapped to UniProtKB (64%), from which 1,941 and 640 unique Pfam and Molecular Function GO terms were extracted. H. halys PUTs related to important life processes like immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, behavior, neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, olfaction, and small RNA pathways were validated through quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) for differential expression during distinct life stages (eggs, 2nd instar nymphs, 4th instar nymphs, female adults, male adults). PUTs similar to hypothetical proteins identified in symbiont microbes, including Pantoea and Nosema species, were more abundantly expressed in adults versus nymphs. These comprehensive H. halys transcriptomic resources can be utilized to aid development of novel control methodologies to disrupt life processes; to conduct reverse genetic screens to determine host gene function; and to design environmentally unobtrusive means to control host populations or target specific H. halys life stages, such as molecular biopesticides.
Anabolic steroids and osteoporosis (1985)

Although the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the most common of the diseases that affect bone, is not fully understood and as a consequence no universally accepted treatment is available, there is at present indirect and direct evidence to show that anabolic agents play a role both in the pathophysiology of the disease and in the curative treatment. Osteoporosis, clinically defined as the loss of bone (osteopenia) sufficient to result in fractures with minimal trauma, generally of the spine, but also of the hip and wrist, does not affect everyone in the older age groups. One out of 4 women will develop osteoporosis after the menopause. Although men and women lose bone mass when they age (Garn et al. 1967; Dequeker 1972), women are more prone to osteoporosis than men. This may be because of hormonal factors and because women have a smaller, more fragile skeleton to begin with.
Poxvirus-Based Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Candidates Induce JE Virus-Specific CD8+Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Mice (1997)

Recombinant Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine candidates based on a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC-JEV) and a canarypox virus (ALVAC-JEV) were evaluated for their ability to induce specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in mice. Six- to eight-week-old male Balb/c mice that received one or two intraperitoneal inoculations with these JE vaccine candidates at a dose of 1 x 10(7) PFU per mouse produced neutralizing antibody and antibodies to the envelope (E) and nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Immunization with either of these vaccine candidates also induced JE virus-specific T lymphocytes that proliferated in response to stimulation with infectious virus and/or noninfectious viral antigens. Mice maintained detectable levels of neutralizing antibody and JE virus-specific memory T cells for at least 6 months after immunization with NYVAC-JEV and for 4 months after immunization with ALVAC-JEV. Cells induced to proliferate after stimulation with live virus contained specific CD8+ CTLs that lysed primary Balb/c mouse kidney cells infected with JE virus and P815 mastocytoma cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the premembrane (prM), E, and NS1 proteins. These CTLs also lysed P815 cells infected with vaccinia recombinants expressing prM and E, and those expressing E and NS1, but did not lyse P815 cells infected with a recombinant virus expressing only NS1, indicating that the CTLs mainly recognized E, but did not recognize NS1. These results demonstrate that both recombinant JE vaccines, NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV, induce JE virus-specific antibody and CTLs in mice.
A Novel Thick-Film Piezoelectric Slip Sensor for a Prosthetic Hand (2007)

The ability to mimic the tactile feedback exhibited by the human hand in an artificial limb is considered advantageous in the automatic control of new multifunctional prosthetic hands. The role of a slip sensor in this tactile feedback is to detect object slip and thus provide information to a controller, which automatically adjusts the grip force applied to a held object to prevent it from falling. This system reduces the cognitive load experienced by the user by not having to visually assess the stability of an object, as well as giving them the confidence not to apply unnecessarily excessive grip forces. A candidate for such a sensor is a thick-film piezoelectric sensor. The method of fabricating a thick-film piezoelectric slip sensor on a prototype fingertip is described. The construction of experimental apparatus to mimic slip has been designed and analyzed to allow the coefficient of friction between the fingertip and the material in contact with the fingertip to be calculated. Finally, results show that for a coefficient of friction between the fingertip and grade P100 sandpaper of approximately 0.3, an object velocity of 0.025plusmn0.008 ms <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> was reached before a slip signal from the piezoelectric sensor was able to be used to detect slip. It is anticipated that this limiting velocity will be lowered (improved) in the intended application where the sensor electronics will be powered from a battery, connections will be appropriately screened, and if necessary a filter employed. This will remove mains interference and reduce other extraneous noise sources with the consequence of an improved signal-to-noise ratio, allowing lower threshold values to be used in the detection software
Validation of Digital Visual Analog Scale Pain Scoring With a Traditional Paper-based Visual Analog Scale in Adults (2018)

No clinically relevant difference exists between the traditional paper-based VAS assessment and VAS scores obtained from laptop computer- and mobile phone-based platforms.
Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Information Extraction (2004)

We describe semi-Markov conditional random fields (semi-CRFs), a con-ditionally trained version of semi-Markov chains. Intuitively, a semi-CRF on an input sequence x outputs a “segmentation ” of x, in which labels are assigned to segments (i.e., subsequences) of x rather than to individual elements xi of x. Importantly, features for semi-CRFs can measure properties of segments, and transitions within a segment can be non-Markovian. In spite of this additional power, exact learning and inference algorithms for semi-CRFs are polynomial-time—often only a small constant factor slower than conventional CRFs. In experiments on five named entity recognition problems, semi-CRFs generally outper-form conventional CRFs. 1
True time-delay beamsteering for radar (2012)

This paper showcases the benefits of true time-delay beamsteering for radar systems. The basics of array factor are reviewed and the problem of beam squint over wide bandwidths is shown. Available technologies to implement time-delay are discussed including RF photonics, MEMS, and MMICs. Finally, measured antenna pattern data from a MMIC-based time-delay module is presented, showing a lack of beam squint across 2 GHz instantaneous bandwidth.
Observation of quasi-Landau wave packets (1994)

Atomic wave packets are produced in strong magnetic fields by exciting rubidium atoms with a short UV laser pulse. The strength of the magnetic field is varied from 0 to 3.3 T. In a classical model of these Rydberg atoms, this variation leads to a progression of the system from a regime of regular motion to one where chaotic motion dominates. The evolution of the wave packet is observed using a phase-sensitive technique and is compared to the predictions of a semiclassical model. The effect of an electric field, applied parallel to the magentic field, is also studied. As the electric field is increased, significant changes occur that are due in part to the appearance of new orbits.
Synthesis of Alkyl-Terminated Silicon Nanoclusters by a Solution Route (1999)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of alkyl-capped nanocrystalline Si (R̂-n−Si) prepared by the reaction of SiCl4 with Mg2Si in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme) and surface-terminated with various alkyl groups, R̂-n−Si (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, and n-octyl). This reaction produces crystalline nanoparticles with surfaces that can be chemically modified. The resultant crystalline nanoparticles can be suspended in organic solvents or isolated as a powder. The nanoclusters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, UV−vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The average cluster size depends on the reflux time of Mg2Si with SiCl4, which provided nanoclusters with an average size of 2−5 nm. HRTEM confirms the presence of crystalline nanoclusters, and SAED is consistent with diamond-structured silicon. FTIR spectra are consistent with alkyl surface termination and show very little or no evidence for oxygen on the surface of the nanoclusters, depending on the surface alkyl group. The alkyl termination can be removed by reaction in air at 450 °C, and a Si−O stretch is observed in the FTIR spectra. EPR spectroscopy is consistent with crystalline Si nanoclusters and shows no signal at 4 K. The optical absorption spectra show an absorption edge between 260 and 240 nm, depending on the surface alkyl group, while a strong UV-blue photoluminescence between 315 and 520 nm is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Tetracycline Derivatives with Substitution at the C‐ 8 Position. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. 27. An improved preparation of pyridyldiphenylphosphines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of heterocyclic compounds. 27. An improved preparation of pyridyldiphenylphosphinesGeorge R. Newkome and David C. HagerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 947–949Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts