gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tectonic History of the Sweetgrass Arch, a Key to Finding New Hydrocarbons, Montana and Alberta (1986)

Abstract The Sweetgrass arch of northwestern Montana and southern Alberta is a major, ancient structural feature. Initial anticlinal development occured in early Paleozoic time. Strong uplift followed by peneplanation occurred in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. During the Cretaceous and early Tertiary the Sweetgrass arch was quiescent but was rejuvenated in mid to late Tertiary, when it was upwarped by a basement flexure to its present structural configuration. The Sweetgrass arch is a 200 mi long, north-plunging anticline showing 10,000 ft of structural relief. Midway down its plunge, the anticline is offset 30 mi by a right-lateral transcurrent fault. A seismic line exhibits the flexure. During the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary a number of plutonic uplifts were emplaced on the east flank, forming traps for oil then migrating updip from the Williston and Alberta basins. Oil and gas accumulated in Mississippian, Jurassic, and basal Cretaceous structural and stratigraphic traps around these plutonic uplifts. Subsequent late Tertiary doming of the Sweetgrass arch tilted the earlier structural traps and drained them, resulting in remigration of much of the oil and gas to the crest of the arch. The tilting, however, failed to destroy many of the stratigraphic traps. As a result, on the flanks of the Sweetgrass arch there are many frozen stratigraphic traps including Cut Bank field, the largest single-pay stratigraphic trap in the northern Rockies (164 mm bbl of oil, 0.5 tcf of gas). On the crest are large structural accumulations of remigrated oil at Kevin Sunburst (81 million bbl of oil) and Pondera (26 million bbl of oil). Evidence of remigration is recorded throughout the area by live oil show tracks in the reservoirs and remnant gas caps of thieved earlier accumulations. Potential exists for finding new frozen traps on the flanks and remigrated oil accumulations on or near the crest of the Sweetgrass arch.
Levosulpiride‐induced movement disorders (2009)

Levosulpiride is a substituted benzamide that is widely used for the management of dyspepsia and emesis. However, little is known about levosulpiride-induced movement disorders (LIM). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with LIM. Among 132 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with drug-induced movement disorders between January 2002 and March 2008, 91 patients with LIM were identified and their medical records reviewed. Seventy-eight (85.7%) patients were aged more than 60 years. The most common LIM was parkinsonism (LIP) (n = 85, 93.4%), followed by tardive dyskinesia (n = 9, 9.9%) and isolated tremor (n = 3, 3.3%). Twenty-one (24.7%) of the 85 patients with LIP were rated as Hoehn and Yahr stage III-V. The oro-lingual area was the only body part that was involved by tardive dyskinesia. LIM persisted after withdrawal of levosulpiride in 48.1% of patients with LIP, 66.7% with dyskinesia, and none with isolated tremor. None of clinical and MRI features predicted the reversibility of LIP. Levosulpiride frequently causes drug-induced movement disorders, presenting mainly with LIP followed by lower face dyskinesia. The symptoms are often severe, and irreversible even after the withdrawal of levosulpiride. Physicians should be cautious in using levosulpiride, especially in elderly patients.
[A clinical study on PA-MSHA vaccine used for adjuvant therapy of lymphoma and lung cancer]. (2000)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pseudomonas aeruginosa MSHA vaccine (PA-MSHA vaccine) used as an immune modulator. The study was carried out after the design of a non-blind, randomized controlled trial. The malignant lymphoma patients were divided into experiment group (45 cases) and control group (43 cases). Likewise were distributed the lung cancer patients: 44 cases in experiment group and 45 cases in control group. The two experiment groups received chemotherapy + PA-MSHA vaccine. The two control groups were given chemotherapy alone. The results showed that the clinical efficacy rate was 95.56% for the exp. group and 69.77% (P < 0.01) for the control group of the malignant lymphoma cases; the clinical efficacy rate was 59.09% for the exp. group and 42.22% (P < 0.01) for the control group of the lung cancer cases. The infection rate was 17.78% for the exp. group and 37.21% (P < 0.05) for the control group of the malignant lymphoma cases; the infection rate was 15.91% for the exp. group and 40.00% (P < 0.05) for the control group of the lung cancer cases. The comprehensive immune effectiveness rates for the exp. group and control group of the malignant lymphoma cases were 77.78% and 23.26% (P < 0.01) respectively. The comprehensive immune effectiveness rates for the exp. group and control group of the lung cancer cases were 84.09% and 35.56% (P < 0.01) respectively. Adverse reactions were found in 5 cases, of which, one was given medical care while the others automatically recovered. These results indicate that PA-MSHA vaccine, as a new kind of immune modulator, can improve the effectiveness of treatment for tumor with low adverse reaction rate.
Cloning and sequencing of human immunoglobulin λ. gene segments (1993)

To provide the building blocks for making synthetic antibody fragments we have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone human variable (V) gene segments of lambda light chains. The PCR primers were based on the sequences of known human V lambda segments, and were used to isolate 14 new V lambda segments (including 4 pseudogenes) from a single individual. We have compiled a sequence directory from this data and other sources to include all known human V lambda segments with open reading frames and we have identified a new V lambda family (V lambda IX). Almost all of the segments (22/24) have different sequences in the complementarity-determining regions, setting a lower limit to the structural diversity of the antigen binding sites encoded by human V lambda genes in the human population.
Cytotoxic Effect of Brain Macrophages on Developing Neurons (1991)

Brain macrophages are transiently present in different regions of the central nervous system during development or in the course of tissue remodelling following various types of injuries. To investigate the influence of these phagocytes on neuronal growth and survival, brain macrophages stemming from the cerebral cortex of rat embryos were added to neuronal primary cultures. A neurotoxic effect of brain macrophages was demonstrated by the reduction of the number of neurons bearing neurites within two days of contact between the two cell types. Neuronal death and phagocytosis were also directly observed in video recordings of living cultures. This toxicity involved the production by brain macrophages of reactive oxygen intermediates, as shown by the protective effect of catalase, a scavenger of H2O2. In addition, the respiratory bursts of brain macrophages were stimulated in the presence of neurons. These results suggest that brain macrophages could favour the appearance of neuroregressive events which occur either during neurogenesis or in neurodegenerative diseases, implying intracerebral recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes.
Video threads (2012)

Work teams are often geographically distributed, and in some cases, experience large time-zone differences with no overlap in working hours. We explored the use of asynchronous video in temporally distributed teams. We developed VideoThreads, which provides a novel thread-based visualization of video messages. Based on a deployment to four teams, we offer design recommendations and insights about the benefits of asynchronous video sharing.
Laser and Daunomycin Chemophototherapy of Human Carcinoma Cells (1992)

Adriamycin and daunomycin anticancer drugs are detectable in leukemias and solid tumors by cell fluorescence. We observed initial cytoplasmic fluorescence followed by slow nuclear localization of adriamycin and daunomycin after incubation with cultured human squamous cell (P3, FADU) and adenocarcinoma (HT29, SW620) lines by digital video imaging microscopy. Tumor cells incubated with 10 mug/ml of these drugs exhibited increased uptake for more than 3 h with intracellular levels in the range 0.5-2.5 mug/10 6 cells measured by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Daunomycin had 10- to 100-fold higher toxicity for these carcinoma cells than for normal human epithelial keratinocytes measured by in vitro MTT tetrazolium assays. The viability of daunomycin-sensitized carcinoma cells was decreased 2- to 10-fold further by argon laser illumination at 488 nm (5W, T max = 8 degrees C) for 2-3 minutes. The results suggest that adriamycin derivatives may be useful targeting agents for adjuvant treatment and chemophototherapy of human solid tumors by MR-guided laser fiberoptic endoscopy.
Potential anticonvulsants. V. The condensation of isatins with C‐acetyl heterocyclic compounds (1982)

Abstract A number of C ‐acetyl heterocyclic compounds were condensed with isatin and substituted isatins to give a series of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐substituted oxindoles. The products from 2‐acetylfuran and isatin, 2‐acetylthiophene and isatin, and 2‐acetylpyridine and 1‐methylisatin were active at 100 mg/Kg in the maximal electroshock seizure test.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Coordinators of multiple signaling pathways during chondrogenesis (2004)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are abundantly expressed in the pericellular matrix of both developing and mature cartilage. Increasing evidence indicates that the action of numerous chondroregulatory molecules depends on these proteoglycans. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interactions of heparan sulfate chains of cartilage proteoglycans with both soluble and nonsoluble ligands during the process of chondrogenesis. In addition, the consequences of mutating genes encoding heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes or heparan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins on cartilage development are discussed.
The spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy in a general population sample: the Framingham Study. (1987)

To assess the prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of echocardiographically determined left ventricular hypertrophy (echo LVH) in a free-living population, 510 men and 855 women from the original Framingham cohort (age 59 to 90 years) were studied by M-mode echocardiography. Offspring and offspring spouses (1718 men and 1892 women; age 17 to 75 years) were similarly studied. The severity of echo LVH, as reflected by left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area, ranged from 101 g/m2 (women) and 132 g/m2 (men) to more than 400 g/m2. The prevalence of electrocardiographically assessed LVH increased proportionately with increased echocardiographic left ventricular mass. Women with echocardiographic left ventricular mass indexes exceeding 200 g/m2 were three to four times more likely to have electrocardiographic LVH than men with similar elevations of echocardiographic left ventricular mass index. The prevalence of echo LVH ranged from 6.6% in the younger (offspring study) women to 33% in the older (original cohort) women (8.6% and 23.7%, respectively, for men) and included a spectrum of forms--eccentric-dilated, eccentric-nondilated, concentric, and disproportionate septal thickness--which varied in prevalence in the various age-sex groups. Each of these forms of echo LVH was associated with higher systolic blood pressures at the time of echocardiographic examination and over the previous 30 years when compared with blood pressures of Framingham subjects without echo LVH.
Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP): The ultimate solution for low-cost RF flexible electronics and antennas (2007)

In this paper, solutions for developing low cost electronics for antenna transceivers that take advantage of the stable electrical properties of the organic substrate Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) has been presented. Three important ingredients in RF wireless transceivers namely embedded passives, a dual band filter and a RFid antenna have been designed and fabricated on LCP. Test results of all 3 of the structures show good agreement between the simulated and measured results over their respective bandwidths, demonstrating stable performance of the LCP substrate.
Association of a Sindbis-Like Virus with Ockelbo Disease in Sweden (1984)

An alphavirus isolated from Culiseta mosquitoes has been associated with Ockelbo disease, an exanthema arthralgia syndrome occurring in Sweden. The isolate was made from mosquitoes collected in Edsbyn (central Sweden), an area with considerable Ockelbo disease morbidity. This isolate proved to be indistinguishable from Sindbis virus by complement-fixation and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, and was antigenically related to Sindbis in plaque reduction neutralization tests. Patients with Ockelbo disease developed neutralizing antibodies to the virus in their convalescent sera, suggesting that it is the etiologic agent of the disease.
Comparative allelotyping epithelial tumors of the short arm of human chromosome 3 in of four different types (1999)

Comparative allelotyping of the short arm of human chromosome 3 (3p) in four types of epithelial carcinomas was performed using an identical set of polymorphic markers. In total, 117 samples of non-papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), carcinoma of uterine cervix (CC), and breast carcinoma (BC) were screened for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with 10 di-, tri- and tetrameric markers covering nine bands of 3p. High LOH frequencies were detected in at least one locus: RCC (36/43, 84%), BC (20/26, 77%), NSCLC (16/24, 67%), and CC (15/24, 62%). Small interstitial deletions prevailed in BC and CC whereas large continuous and discontinuous deletions were mainly found in RCC and NSCLC. Different epithelial tumors displayed unique LOH profiles with partial overlaps in 3p26.1, 3p21.31, and 3p13. The overlap around D3S2409 (3p21.31) appeared common for RCC, BC and CC.
Quantitation of human glutathione S‐transferases in complex matrices by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with signature peptides (2004)

Direct quantitation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms [alpha (GST-A) and micro (GST-M)] in human liver cytosol was achieved by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) analysis of signature peptides of GST-A and GST-M and their corresponding stable isotopic peptide internal standards via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The selection of signature peptides was performed via trypsin digestion of commercially available cDNA-expressed GST-A1 and GST-M1, followed by LC/ESI-MS/MS with an ion trap mass spectrometer and sequencing with the TurboSEQUEST application. Quantitative analysis of the selected signature peptides in the multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was performed using a triple-quadruple mass spectrometer. A series of human cytosol samples was quantitatively analyzed for levels of GST-A and GST-M. The total level of GST-A and GST-M obtained from this LC/ESI-MS/MS method was well correlated with the total level of GST determined by the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) method.
Acute rejection of murine bone marrow allografts by natural killer cells and T cells. Differences in kinetics and target antigens recognized. (1987)

Lethally irradiated C.B-17 +/+, C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID), BALB/c-nu/nu (nude), and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were challenged with H-2-homozygous or H-2-heterozygous totally allogeneic bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts. Some of the irradiated mice were immunized simultaneously with large numbers of irradiated marrow and spleen cells syngeneic with the viable BMC transferred. Irradiated SCID and nude mice, devoid of T cells but with normal NK cell function, were able to reject H-2-homozygous BMC grafts within 4 d. However, they were unable to reject H-2-heterozygous BMC allografts by 7 d even if they were immunized. B6 and C.B-17 +/+ mice were able to reject H-2 heterozygous BMC allografts by 7-8 d, but not as early as 4 d, if they were immunized. The rejection of H-2-homozygous BMC on day 4 was inhibited by administration of anti-NK-1.1 antibodies, but not by anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Conversely, the rejection of H-2-heterozygous allogeneic BMC on day 8 was prevented by anti-Lyt-2 but not by anti-NK-1.1 antibodies. The data indicate that both NK cells and Lyt-2+ T cells can mediate rejection of allogeneic BMC acutely, even after exposure of mice to lethal doses of ionizing irradiation. NK cells appear to recognize Hemopoietic histocompatibility (Hh) antigens on H-2 homozygous stem cells. The inability of SCID and nude mice to reject H-2 heterozygous totally allogeneic BMC indicate that NK cells do not survey donor marrow cells for self H-2 antigens and reject those cells that express nonself H-2 antigens. The T cells presumably recognize conventional H-2 antigens (probably class I) under these conditions.
Radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes : studies on expression, function and effects of different radiation qualities (1999)

We are constantly exposed to radiation. Radiation causes damage to our cells. By the removal of damaged and unwanted cells, apoptosis is considered to be one of the most indispensable defence processes for a multi-cellular organism. To improve the knowledge and understanding of the expression and function of apoptosis in human cells exposed to radiation of different qualities, lymphocytes from healthy individuals and radiosensitive individuals suffering from ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) were studied. Studies on radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) in normal cells revealed that the expression of apoptosis significantly reduced the number of cells with CA after the first mitosis. For the induction of chromosomal instability observed after several cell divisions, neither a prolonged apoptotic expression time nor a lower genotoxic stress by low dose-rate (LDR) irradiation, seemed to influence the response. Further investigations on the effects of LDR exposure on apoptosis indicated a dose-rate effect, although not statistically verified. A prolonged post-irradiation time in G0-phase was shown to significantly increase the apoptotic response, which was efficiently counteracted by addition of growth factors. The apoptotic response was found to be significantly increased after exposure to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation compared to low-LET. High-LET irradiation did not only increase the frequency of apoptotic cells, but did also induce a significantly faster apoptotic response, which revealed time-dependent relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values in the range of 1.3-3.0. In studies on the expression of radiation-induced apoptosis in A-T cells it was found that low-LET irradiation did neither induce apoptosis, G1-phase arrest nor enhanced levels of p53/p21 (WAF1) proteins. However, high-LET irradiation did induce apoptosis and G1-phase arrest in A-T cells, despite the absence of a p53/p21(WAF1) response.
Effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on gut microflora function in children with Crohn's disease (2012)

The authors present new data supporting the hypothesis that the well-documented anti-inflammatory effect of EEN in children with active small bowel/colonic CD is brought about by modulation of gut microflora activity, resulting in an anti-inflammatory SCFA pattern. By contrast, none of the children with perianal disease showed clinical or biochemical improvement after EEN treatment.
Expression of the human multidrug transporter in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus (1990)

The plasma membrane associated human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene product, known as the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein or the multidrug transporter, acts as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for various cytotoxic agents. We expressed recombinant human multidrug transporter in a baculovirus expression system to obtain large quantities and further investigate its structure and mechanism of action. MDR1 cDNA was inserted into the genome of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells synthesized high levels of recombinant multidrug transporter 2-3 days after infection. The transporter was localized by immunocytochemical methods on the external surface of the plasma membranes, in the Golgi apparatus, and within the nuclear envelope. The human multidrug transporter expressed in insect cells is not susceptible to endoglycosidase F treatment and has a lower apparent molecular weight of 140,000, corresponding to the nonglycosylated precursor of its authentic counterpart expressed in multidrug-resistant cells. Labeling experiments showed that the recombinant multidrug transporter is phosphorylated and can be photoaffinity labeled by [3H]-azidopine, presumably at the same two sites as the native protein. Various drugs and reversing agents (e.g., daunomycin greater than verapamil greater than vinblastine approximately vincristine) compete with the [3H]azidopine binding reaction when added in excess, indicating that the recombinant human multidrug transporter expressed in insect cells is functionally similar to its authentic counterpart.
Tobacco smoke is a source of toxic reactive glycation products (1997)

Smokers have a significantly higher risk for developing coronary and cerebrovascular disease than nonsmokers. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are reactive, cross-linking moieties that form from the reaction of reducing sugars and the amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. AGEs circulate in high concentrations in the plasma of patients with diabetes or renal insufficiency and have been linked to the accelerated vasculopathy seen in patients with these diseases. Because the curing of tobacco takes place under conditions that could lead to the formation of glycation products, we examined whether tobacco and tobacco smoke could generate these reactive species that would increase AGE formation in vivo. Our findings show that reactive glycation products are present in aqueous extracts of tobacco and in tobacco smoke in a form that can rapidly react with proteins to form AGEs. This reaction can be inhibited by aminoguanidine, a known inhibitor of AGE formation. We have named these glycation products "glycotoxins." Like other known reducing sugars and reactive glycation products, glycotoxins form smoke, react with protein, exhibit a specific fluorescence when cross-linked to proteins, and are mutagenic. Glycotoxins are transferred to the serum proteins of human smokers. AGE-apolipoprotein B and serum AGE levels in cigarette smokers were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers. These results suggest that increased glycotoxin exposure may contribute to the increased incidence of atherosclerosis and high prevalence of cancer in smokers.