gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Urokinase and its Receptor in the Invasiveness of Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Lines (1991)

We have investigated the role of urokinase (UK) and its cell-surface receptor in determining the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. Three human cell lines, DU-145, PC-3 and LNCaP, that differ in androgen-responsiveness and growth characteristics, were tested. Analysis of the conditioned medium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed secretion of UK by DU-145 (63 ng/mL/10(6) cells/48 hr) and PC-3 (682 ng/mL/10(6) cells/48 hr), but absence of secretion by LNCaP cells. Western blot analysis and enzyme activity assay of the conditioned medium confirmed these results. Scatchard analysis of radioligand binding with acid pretreated cells showed the presence of a single population of high affinity UK receptors on DU-145 cells (93,000 sites/cell, Kd = 0.9 nM) and PC-3 cells (25,000 sites/cell, Kd = 1.0 nM) but not on LNCaP cells. DU-145 and PC-3 cells were found to be highly invasive in in vitro invasion assays: 4.5 +/- 0.5% and 6.5 +/- 0.5%, respectively, of total tumor cells (approximately 2 x 10(5)) had penetrated reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) in a 72 hr incubation in serum-free growth medium. Under similar conditions, less than 0.25% LNCaP cells invaded Matrigel. The data indicate that androgen unresponsive, aggressive prostate tumor cells of high metastatic potential, DU-145 and PC-3, secrete UK and display cell-surface UK receptors, fully charged with the protease. Conversely, relatively indolent LNCaP cells of low metastatic potential do not secrete UK nor do they possess its binding sites. UK receptor antagonists, UK 12-32 and UK 6-135, which compete with labeled UK for binding to prostatic cells but do not inhibit cellular proliferation or UK secretion, markedly reduced DU-145 and PC-3 cell invasion (80-85% inhibition), thereby suggesting an important role of receptor-bound UK in prostate tumor cell invasion.
Evaluation of an Algorithm to Guide Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion on How to Respond to Real-Time Continuous Glucose Levels (2010)

Early but not late algorithm provision to type 1 diabetic patients using CSII/RT-CGM did not increase the target glucose time but increased achievement of A1C <or=7%. Upon RT-CGM cessation, A1C returned to baseline.
Large animal models and new therapies for glycogen storage disease (2014)

Glycogen storage diseases (GSD), a unique category of inherited metabolic disorders, were first described early in the twentieth century. Since then, the biochemical and genetic bases of these disorders have been determined, and an increasing number of animal models for GSD have become available. At least seven large mammalian models have been developed for laboratory research on GSDs. These models have facilitated the development of new therapies, including gene therapy, which are undergoing clinical translation. For example, gene therapy prolonged survival and prevented hypoglycemia during fasting for greater than one year in dogs with GSD type Ia, and the need for periodic re-administration to maintain efficacy was demonstrated in that dog model. The further development of gene therapy could provide curative therapy for patients with GSD and other inherited metabolic disorders.
High expression of DEK predicts poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (2014)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5050145571193097.
An evolutionary and optimised approach on 3D-TV (2002)

In this paper we will present the concept of a system that allows for an evolutionary introduction of depth perception into the existing 2D digital TV framework. The work is part of the European Information Society Technologies (IST) project &amp;quot;Advanced Three-Dimensional Television System Technologies&amp;quot; (ATTEST), an activity where industries, research centers and universities have joined forces to design a backwardscompatible, flexible and modular broadcast 3D-TV system, where all parts of the 3D processing chain are optimised to one another. This includes content creation, coding and transmission, display and research in human 3D perception, which be will used to guide the development process. The goals of the project comprise the development of a novel broadcast 3D camera, algorithms to convert existing 2D-video material into 3D, a 2Dcompatible coding and transmission scheme for 3D-video using MPEG2 /4/7 technologies and the design of two new autostereoscopic displays.
Phosphorylation of parathyroid secretory protein. (1983)

The phosphorylation of proteins released into the medium of bovine parathyroid gland slices or isolated cells incubated with 32Pi has been investigated. The primary protein phosphorylated had a Mr of 68,000 and coeluted with newly synthesized parathyroid secretory protein (PSP) on Bio-Gel chromatography and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing of double-labeled samples ([35S]methionine and 32Pi) revealed comigration of the two radioactive markers at a pH of 4.6, which was similar to that of purified PSP. Phosphorylation of the Mr 68,000 protein was also demonstrated in cell homogenates incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP; the Mr 68,000 protein was the predominant labeled protein. Increasing quantities of calcium, with and without added EGTA, caused a progressive decrease in phosphorylation of the protein. These studies demonstrate that PSP is readily phosphorylated in parathyroid cells, that the degree of phosphorylation is inversely proportional to calcium concentration, and that PSP is the major phosphorylated protein released from the gland. The relationship of phosphorylation to the potential physiologic importance of PSP remains to be determined.
Hepatic stem cells (2002)

The liver in an adult healthy body maintains a balance between cell gain and cell loss. Though normally proliferatively quiescent, hepatocyte loss such as that caused by partial hepatectomy, uncomplicated by virus infection or inflammation, invokes a rapid regenerative response to restore liver mass. This restoration of moderate cell loss and 'wear and tear' renewal is largely achieved by hepatocyte self-replication. Furthermore, hepatocyte transplants in animals have shown that a certain proportion of hepatocytes can undergo significant clonal expansion, suggesting that hepatocytes themselves are the functional stem cells of the liver. More severe liver injury can activate a potential stem cell compartment located within the intrahepatic biliary tree, giving rise to cords of bipotential so-called oval cells within the lobules that can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. A third population of stem cells with hepatic potential resides in the bone marrow; these haematopoietic stem cells can contribute to the albeit low renewal rate of hepatocytes, make a more significant contribution to regeneration, and even completely restore normal function in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinaemia. How these three stem cell populations integrate together to achieve a homeostatic balance is not known. This review focuses on two major aspects of liver stem cell biology: firstly, the identity of the liver stem cells, and secondly, their potential value in the treatment of major liver disease.
Inhibition of regulated cell death by cell-penetrating peptides (2016)

Development of the means to efficiently and continuously renew missing and non-functional proteins in diseased cells remains a major goal in modern molecular medicine. While gene therapy has the potential to achieve this, substantial obstacles must be overcome before clinical application can be considered. A promising alternative approach is the direct delivery of non-permeant active biomolecules, such as oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins, to the affected cells with the purpose of ameliorating an advanced disease process. In addition to receptor-mediated endocytosis, cell-penetrating peptides are widely used as vectors for rapid translocation of conjugated molecules across cell membranes into intracellular compartments and the delivery of these therapeutic molecules is generally referred to as novel prospective protein therapy. As a broad coverage of the enormous amount of published data in this field is unrewarding, this review will provide a brief, focused overview of the technology and a summary of recent studies of the most commonly used protein transduction domains and their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cellular damage and the prevention of regulated cell death.
Retrovirally Transduced Human Dendritic Cells Can Generate T Cells Recognizing Multiple MHC Class I and Class II Epitopes from the Melanoma Antigen Glycoprotein 100 (2001)

Involvement of tumor-Ag specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells could be critical in the generation of an effective immunotherapy for cancer. In an attempt to optimize the T cell response against defined tumor Ags, we previously developed a method allowing transgene expression in human dendritic cells (DCs) using retroviral vectors. One advantage of using gene-modified DCs is the potential ability to generate CD8(+) T cells against multiple class I-restricted epitopes within the Ag, thereby eliciting a broad antitumor immune response. To test this, we generated tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells with DCs transduced with the melanoma Ag gp100, for which a number of HLA-A2-restricted epitopes have been described. Using gp100-transduced DCs, we were indeed able to raise T cells recognizing three distinct HLA-A2 epitopes within the Ag, gp100(154-162), gp100(209-217), and gp100(280-288). We next tested the ability of transduced DCs to raise class II-restricted CD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, stimulation with gp100-transduced DCs resulted in the generation of CD4(+) T cells specific for a novel HLA-DRbeta1*0701-restricted epitope of gp100. The minimal determinant of this epitope was defined as gp100(174-190) (TGRAMLGTHTMEVTVYH). These observations suggest that retrovirally transduced DCs have the capacity to present multiple MHC class I- and class II-restricted peptides derived from a tumor Ag, thereby eliciting a robust immune response against that Ag.
Charcoal as an airway isoflurane reflection filter (1998)

The isoflurane-saving and CO2-retaining effects of a charcoal filter were compared with a Siemens standard heat and moisture (HME) exchanger and an emptied specimen (dummy). Isoflurane was delivered during the inspiratory phase and consumption investigated at 10, 15 and 25 cycles min-1. The investigation was performed by ventilation with humidified air with a constant end-tidal CO2 and temperature. For a comparison, isoflurane was delivered in a conventional manner via the ventilator. The arrangement with a charcoal filter reduced the isoflurane consumption by a factor of 2.0-2.6, depending on ventilatory rate. Most of the saving was a result of the method of isoflurane delivery (factor 1.4-2.0), while adding the reflector gave a further reduction (factor 1.3-1.5). One circumstance that reduced the net efficiency of the charcoal filter was that it also reflected CO2; consequently, total minute ventilation had to be increased to maintain constant end-tidal CO2.
Global analysis of carbohydrate utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus using cDNA microarrays (2006)

The transport and catabolic machinery involved in carbohydrate utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus was characterized genetically by using whole-genome cDNA microarrays. Global transcriptional profiles were determined for growth on glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, trehalose, raffinose, and fructooligosaccharides. Hybridizations were carried out by using a round-robin design, and microarray data were analyzed with a two-stage mixed model ANOVA. Differentially expressed genes were visualized by hierarchical clustering, volcano plots, and contour plots. Overall, only 63 genes (3% of the genome) showed a >4-fold induction. Specifically, transporters of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar transferase system were identified for uptake of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, whereas ATP-binding cassette transporters were identified for uptake of raffinose and fructooligosaccharides. A member of the LacS subfamily of galactoside-pentose hexuronide translocators was identified for uptake of galactose and lactose. Saccharolytic enzymes likely involved in the metabolism of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides into substrates of glycolysis were also found, including enzymatic machinery of the Leloir pathway. The transcriptome appeared to be regulated by carbon catabolite repression. Although substrate-specific carbohydrate transporters and hydrolases were regulated at the transcriptional level, genes encoding regulatory proteins CcpA, Hpr, HprK/P, and EI were consistently highly expressed. Genes central to glycolysis were among the most highly expressed in the genome. Collectively, microarray data revealed that coordinated and regulated transcription of genes involved in sugar uptake and metabolism is based on the specific carbohydrate provided. L. acidophilus's adaptability to environmental conditions likely contributes to its competitive ability for limited carbohydrate sources available in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Endogenous lateral electric fields around bovine corneal lesions are necessary for and can enhance normal rates of wound healing (1998)

The strength of the electric fields in the vicinity of 1.5 mm circular lesions in the bovine cornea has been found to influence the rate of re-epithelization. A decrease in the field strength by submersion of the lesions or by treating the lesions with the Na+-channel blocker, benzamil, significantly retarded healing. An increase in the field strength of lesions treated with Na+-depleted Hanks' solution, by the addition of direct current, increased epithelization. Epithelization was fastest in wounds with field strengths raised to - 80 mV/mm, more than twice the normal field strength present in wounds maintained in Hanks' solution alone. Epithelization decreased, however, when the field strengths were increased to -120 mV/mm. A similar pattern was also observed when the field's polarity was reversed. By manipulating and monitoring the field strengths, we have been able to show for the first time that increased wound field strengths enhance corneal wound epithelization, and that field strengths with reversed polarity also enhance this epithelization.
Touchscreen Interfaces for Alphanumeric Data Entry (1992)

Touchscreens have been demonstrated as useful for many applications. Although a traditional mechanical keyboard is the device of choice when entering alphanumeric data, it may not be optimal when only limited data must be entered, or when the keyboard layout, character set, or size may be changed. A series of experiments has demonstrated the usability of touchscreen keyboards. The first study indicated that users who type 58 wpm on a traditional keyboard can type 25 wpm using a touchscreen and that the traditional monitor position is suboptimal for touchscreen use. A second study reported on typing rates for keyboards of various sizes (from 6.8 to 24.6 cm wide). Novices typed approximately 10 wpm on the smallest and 20 wpm on the largest of the keyboards. Users experienced with touchscreen keyboards typed 21 wpm on the smallest and 32 wpm on the largest. We then report on a recent study done with more representative users and more difficult tasks. Thirteen cashiers were recruited for this study and were required to complete ten trials in which they typed names and addresses with punctuation. Results indicate that the users improved rapidly from 9.5 wpm on the first trial to 13.8 wpm on the last trial, reaching their fastest performance after only 25 minutes. Although custom interfaces will be preferred for special types of data (e.g. telephone numbers, times, dates, colors) there will always be situations when limited quantities of text must be entered. In these situations a touchscreen keyboard can be used.
200 km CWDM transmission using a hybrid amplifier (2005)

We report a 60 nm bandwidth SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier)-Raman hybrid amplifier for CWDM systems in which the Raman section increases overall system gain and reduces SOA gain tilt. The amplifier module is used in a 4-channel, 200-km CWDM transmission experiment.
The use of APC3 virus as a cancericidal agent.Preliminary report (1957)

SING the method of Toolan: human can-U cer was grown in Wistar rats, and a series of experiment?utilizing APC, virus was instituted.T h e purpose was to study the effect of this specific virus on the growth of Toolan's H.Ep.-3 tumor.T h e technique for transplantation of this human tumor to laboratory animals had been studied by one of the authors on separate viSits to Toolan's laboratory in Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York City, in 1954 and 1955.T h e basic plan was to establish a growth of tumor that would permit studies of cancericidal agents at the Ohio State IJniversity Health Center Research Laboratories.T h e H.Ep.-3 tumor is an epidermoid carcinoma derived from a metastatic cervical gland with the primary tumor being in the biiccal cavity.An organized approach using mitosis-inhibiting agents, such as nitrogen mustard, furadoxyl, steroids, and viruses, was instituted.T h e most proniising lead pointed to more extensive investigation of the APC3 virus. ~IATEKIALS AND METHODSTumor Tmisplanlntion.4 strain ol human carcinoma, designatcd H.Ep.-3, was obtained from Helene Toolan.The tumor growth waq maintained by transplantation into FVistar rats weighing 45 gm.These animals were first conditioned by total-body irradiation of 150 r from a 250-kv.tuhe.In addition, 3 mg. of cortisone was injected subcutaneously into the nape of the animal's neck on the day of tumor transplant, and then every other day lor a total of four doses.
Antioxidant effects in brain and spinal cord injury. (1992)

Oxygen radical-mediated lipid peroxidation appears to be a critical factor in posttraumatic neuronal degeneration. Thus, numerous studies have evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacologic agents with lipid antioxidant activity in models of spinal cord and brain injury. Intensive pretreatment of animals with the endogenous lipid peroxyl radical scavenger alpha tocopherol (i.e., vitamin E) has been shown to decrease posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia and to enhance chronic neurologic recovery. However, the slow CNS tissue uptake of vitamin E requires chronic dosing, making it an impractical agent for the treatment of acute neural injury. The glucocorticoid steroid methylprednisolone has been shown to possess significant antioxidant efficacy and, when administered to animals or humans in antioxidant dosages, improves chronic neurologic recovery after spinal cord injury. This activity of methylprednisolone is independent of the steroid's glucocorticoid receptor-mediated actions. Novel antioxidant 21-aminosteroids have been developed that are devoid of glucocorticoid activity but have greater antioxidant efficacy than methylprednisolone. One of these, U74006F or tirilazed mesylate, has been shown to be effective in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury and is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials. Compounds that combine the amino functionality of the 21-aminosteroids with the peroxyl radical scavenging chromanol portion of vitamin E (i.e., 2-methylaminochromans) have also recently shown promise as neuroprotective agents. The consistent benefit afforded by antioxidant compounds adds further support to the concept that lipid peroxidation is an important therapeutic target for acute pharmacologic neuroprotection.
The Biology of the (Pro)Renin Receptor (2009)

The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) binds renin and prorenin, its proenzyme inactive form. Receptor-bound prorenin becomes enzymatically active and binding then activates the MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38 pathways, leading to upregulation of profibrotic and cyclooxygenase-2 genes independent of angiotensin II generation. These characteristics explain the interest in the potential role of PRR in organ damage in diseases associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), in particular hypertension and diabetes. Although identification of PRR has improved our understanding of the physiology of the tissue RAS, its role in pathology is far from clear. Transgenic animals overexpressing PRR ubiquitously or selectively in smooth-muscle cells develop high BP or glomerulosclerosis, and increased expression of PRR is reported in models of hypertension or kidney damage. However, definitive proof is still lacking for a role for PRR in disease, or by showing improvement of disease by tissue-specific ablation of PRR or by administration of a specific PRR antagonist. Furthermore, the early embryonic lethality seen in PRR-null mice suggests PRR has additional essential cellular functions we do not understand.
Fluorescence polarization analysis of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. (1996)

Fluorescence polarization is a powerful technique for characterizing macromolecular associations and can provide equilibrium determinations of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. This technique is particularly useful (and better suited than electrophoretic methods) to study low affinity protein-protein interactions. In this review, we have outlined the principles underlying the use of fluorescence polarization to study the assembly of higher order complexes that bind to the CRE. The availability of simple, relatively inexpensive instrumentation means that this technology is no longer only within the realm of the physical biochemist.
A STUDY ON SOUND SOURCE APPARENT SHAPE AND WIDENESS (2003)

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Boston, MA, July 7-9, 2003.
Crystal structures and inhibitor identification for PTPN5, PTPRR and PTPN7: a family of human MAPK-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (2006)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPN5, PTPRR and PTPN7 comprise a family of phosphatases that specifically inactivate MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). We have determined high-resolution structures of all of the human family members, screened them against a library of 24000 compounds and identified two classes of inhibitors, cyclopenta[c]quinolinecarboxylic acids and 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl benzoic acids. Comparative structural analysis revealed significant differences within this conserved family that could be explored for the design of selective inhibitors. PTPN5 crystallized, in two distinct crystal forms, with a sulphate ion in close proximity to the active site and the WPD (Trp-Pro-Asp) loop in a unique conformation, not seen in other PTPs, ending in a 3(10)-helix. In the PTPN7 structure, the WPD loop was in the closed conformation and part of the KIM (kinase-interaction motif) was visible, which forms an N-terminal aliphatic helix with the phosphorylation site Thr66 in an accessible position. The WPD loop of PTPRR was open; however, in contrast with the structure of its mouse homologue, PTPSL, a salt bridge between the conserved lysine and aspartate residues, which has been postulated to confer a more rigid loop structure, thereby modulating activity in PTPSL, does not form in PTPRR. One of the identified inhibitor scaffolds, cyclopenta[c]quinoline, was docked successfully into PTPRR, suggesting several possibilities for hit expansion. The determined structures together with the established SAR (structure-activity relationship) propose new avenues for the development of selective inhibitors that may have therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases in the case of PTPRR or acute myeloblastic leukaemia targeting PTPN7.
The Bcl-2/xL inhibitor ABT-263 increases the stability of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2014)

ABT-263 increases Mcl-1 stability at both mRNA and protein levels in HCC cells. Inhibition of ERK, JNK or Akt activity sensitizes ABT-263-induced apoptosis. This study may provide novel insights into the Bcl-2-targeted cancer therapeutics.