gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DC and RF Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN/InGaN/GaN Double-Heterojunction HEMTs (2007)

We present the detailed dc and radio-frequency characteristics of an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> N/GaN/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9 </sub> N/GaN double-heterojunction HEMT (DH-HEMT) structure. This structure incorporates a thin (3 nm) In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> N notch layer inserted at a location that is 6-nm away from the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface. The In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> N layer provides a unique piezoelectric polarization field which results in a higher potential barrier at the backside of the two-dimensional electron gas channel, effectively improving the carrier confinement and then reducing the buffer leakage. Both depletion-mode (D-mode) and enhancement-mode (E-mode) devices were fabricated on this new structure. Compared with the baseline AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, the DH-HEMT shows lower drain leakage current. The gate leakage current is also found to be reduced, owing to an improved surface morphology in InGaN-incorporated epitaxial structures. DC and small- and large-signal microwave characteristics, together with the linearity performances, have been investigated. The channel transit delay time analysis also revealed that there was a minor channel in the InGaN layer in which the electrons exhibited a mobility slightly lower than the GaN channel. The E-mode DH-HEMTs were also fabricated using our recently developed CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -based plasma treatment technique. The large-signal operation of the E-mode GaN-based HEMTs was reported for the first time. At 2 GHz, a 1times100 mum E-mode device demonstrated a maximum output power of 3.12 W/mm and a power-added efficiency of 49% with single-polarity biases (a gate bias of +0.5 V and a drain bias of 35 V). An output third-order interception point of 34.7 dBm was obtained in the E-mode HEMTs
Deposition of viprostol (a synthetic PGE2vasodilator) in the skin following topical administration to laboratory animals (1987)

1. Topical application of 14C-viprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E2 analogue, to laboratory animals resulted in a significant depot of radioactivity in the skin at the application site in all species studied: mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and monkey, with longer residence times in the larger species. 2. The location of the 14C-label in the skin in mice and monkeys was determined by microscopic autoradiography. Evaluation of the autoradiograms show rapid penetration of the drug into the skin via the hair follicles. 3. In mouse distribution of radioactivity was evident in the stratum corneum and down the hair shafts by 30 min. after dosing. By 2 h radioactivity was also observed throughout the viable epidermis; in the dermis only the hair shafts contained significant radioactivity. At 72 h after dose removal, radioactivity was evident only in the hair follicles and hair shaft. 4. In monkey the residence time of radioactivity in the skin was significantly longer than in mouse, but the general distribution pattern was similar in both species. 5. The presence of viprostol in the hair follicles and epidermal layer after topical administration is consistent with its extensive skin metabolism previously reported.
The Serine Proteinase Inhibitor (Serpin) Plasminogen Activation Inhibitor Type 2 Protects against Viral Cytopathic Effects by Constitutive Interferon α/β Priming (1998)

The serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is well characterized as an inhibitor of extracellular urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Here we show that intracellular, but not extracellular, PAI-2 protected cells from the rapid cytopathic effects of alphavirus infection. This protection did not appear to be related to an effect on apoptosis but was associated with a PAI-2-mediated induction of constitutive low-level interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta production and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) activation, which primed the cells for rapid induction of antiviral genes. This primed phenotype was associated with a rapid development of resistance to infection by the PAI-2 transfected cells and the establishment of a persistent productive infection. PAI-2 was also induced in macrophages in response to viral RNA suggesting that PAI-2 is a virus response gene. These observations, together with the recently demonstrated PAI-2-mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced apoptosis, (a) illustrate that PAI-2 has an additional and distinct function as an intracellular regulator of signal transduction pathway(s) and (b) demonstrate a novel activity for a eukaryotic serpin.
Systematic Surface Engineering of Magnetic Nanoworms for In vivo Tumor Targeting (2009)

In the design of nanoparticles that can target disease tissue in vivo, parameters such as targeting ligand density, type of target receptor, and nanoparticle shape can play an important role in determining the extent of accumulation. Herein, a systematic study of these parameters for the targeting of mouse xenograft tumors is performed using superparamagnetic iron oxide as a model nanoparticle system. The type of targeting peptide (recognizing cell surface versus extracellular matrix), the surface coverage of the peptide, its attachment chemistry, and the shape of the nanomaterial [elongated (nanoworm, NW) versus spherical (nanosphere, NS)] are varied. Nanoparticle circulation times and in vivo tumor-targeting efficiencies are quantified in two xenograft models of human tumors (MDA-MB-435 human carcinoma and HT1080 human fibrosarcoma). It is found that the in vivo tumor-targeting ability of the NW is superior to that of the NS, that the smaller, neutral CREKA targeting group is more effective than the larger, positively charged F3 molecule, that a maximum in tumor-targeting efficiency and blood half-life is observed with approximately 60 CREKA peptides per NW for either the HT1080 or the MDA-MB-435 tumor types, and that incorporation of a 5-kDa polyethylene glycol linker improves targeting to both tumor types relative to a short linker. It is concluded that the blood half-life of a targeting molecule-nanomaterial ensemble is a key consideration when selecting the appropriate ligand and nanoparticle chemistry for tumor targeting.
Envelope responses in single-trial EEG indicate attended speaker in a ‘cocktail party’ (2014)

These results suggest that envelope-related signals recorded in EEG data can be used to form robust auditory BCI's that do not require artificial manipulation (e.g., amplitude modulation) of stimuli to function.
Document retrieval using linguistic knowledge (1994)

The theoretical goal underlying the DR-LINK Text Retrieval System is to represent and match documents and queries at the various linguistic levels at which human language conveys meaning. Accordingly, we have developed a modular system which processes and represents text at the lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels of language. In concert, these levels of processing permit DR-LINK to achieve a level of intelligent retrieval beyond more traditional approaches. In addition, the rich annotations to text produced by DR-LINK are replete with much of the semantics necessary for more precise information extraction tasks.
Properties of Cloned and Expressed Human RNase H1 (1999)

We have characterized cloned His-tag human RNase H1. The activity of the enzyme exhibited a bell-shaped response to divalent cations and pH. The optimum conditions for catalysis consisted of 1 mM Mg(2+) and pH 7-8. In the presence of Mg(2+), Mn(2+) was inhibitory. Human RNase H1 shares many enzymatic properties with Escherichia coli RNase H1. The human enzyme cleaves RNA in a DNA-RNA duplex resulting in products with 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxy termini, can cleave overhanging single strand RNA adjacent to a DNA-RNA duplex, and is unable to cleave substrates in which either the RNA or DNA strand has 2' modifications at the cleavage site. Human RNase H1 binds selectively to "A-form"-type duplexes with approximately 10-20-fold greater affinity than that observed for E. coli RNase H1. The human enzyme displays a greater initial rate of cleavage of a heteroduplex-containing RNA-phosphorothioate DNA than an RNA-DNA duplex. Unlike the E. coli enzyme, human RNase H1 displays a strong positional preference for cleavage, i.e. it cleaves between 8 and 12 nucleotides from the 5'-RNA-3'-DNA terminus of the duplex. Within the preferred cleavage site, the enzyme displays modest sequence preference with GU being a preferred dinucleotide. The enzyme is inhibited by single-strand phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and displays no evidence of processivity. The minimum RNA-DNA duplex length that supports cleavage is 6 base pairs, and the minimum RNA-DNA "gap size" that supports cleavage is 5 base pairs.
A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) (2012)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a catalytic cytokine and an upstream mediator of the inflammatory pathway. MIF has broad regulatory properties, dysregulation of which has been implicated in the pathology of multiple immunological diseases. Inhibition of MIF activity with small molecules has proven beneficial in a number of disease models. Known small molecule MIF inhibitors typically bind in the tautomerase site of the MIF trimer, often covalently modifying the catalytic proline. Allosteric MIF inhibitors, particularly those that associate with the protein by noncovalent interactions, could reveal novel ways to block MIF activity for therapeutic benefit and serve as chemical probes to elucidate the structural basis for the diverse regulatory properties of MIF. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of a novel allosteric MIF inhibitor. Identified from a high throughput screening effort, this sulfonated azo compound termed p425 strongly inhibited the ability of MIF to tautomerize 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate. Furthermore, p425 blocked the interaction of MIF with its receptor, CD74, and interfered with the pro-inflammatory activities of the cytokine. Structural studies revealed a unique mode of binding for p425, with a single molecule of the inhibitor occupying the interface of two MIF trimers. The inhibitor binds MIF mainly on the protein surface through hydrophobic interactions that are stabilized by hydrogen bonding with four highly specific residues from three different monomers. The mode of p425 binding reveals a unique way to block the activity of the cytokine for potential therapeutic benefit in MIF-associated diseases.
Brassinosteroids and Plant Steroid Hormone Signaling (2002)

Steroids play a role as essential hormones in plants as well as in animals. Plants produce numerous steroids and sterols, some of which are recognized as hormones in animals ([Geuns, 1978][1]; [Jones and Roddick, 1988][2]). Brassinolide (BL) is the most bioactive form of the growth-promoting plant
An interleaved scanline algorithm for 2-D affine transformations of images (2003)

A fast, simple, powerful algorithm for performing affine transformation on digital images is presented. The algorithm belongs to the class of scanline algorithms. It is derived from the Catmull-Smith 2-pass algorithm, but the two passes are performed in an interleaved fashion, thereby making it possible to be implemented in a pipeline fashion. The coordinate computations are incremental. Memory requirements are drastically reduced to a little over a scanlines' worth. The algorithm is implemented as a software prototype using C on a Sun SPARCstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
R&D News (2003)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Continuous‐Flow PCR Microfluidics for Rapid DNA Amplification Using Thin Film Heater with Low Thermal Mass (2007)

Abstract We have described a compact capillary‐based continuous‐flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfluidics device, which uses flexible thin film heaters with low thermal mass to construct three isothermal zones. Due to the decreased thermal mass of flexible thin film heater, the low power supply and rapid thermal response was obtained. The energy consumption of a 33‐cycle continuous‐flow PCR was less than 0.0088 kW h, which is much lower than that of the metal block or liquid bath based capillary continuous‐flow PCR microfluidics. Special attention was also paid on the surface passivation of the capillary inner surface based on the competing bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the results showed the effect of dynamic passivation was superior to that of static passivation. With the help of the dynamic passivation, the 249 bp human β‐actin gene fragment was amplified in 15 min, which is several times faster than that of the conventional PCR machine. In addition, the effect of initial DNA template concentrations on continuous‐flow PCR was also investigated. The concentration limit of DNA template reached 0.18 ng µl−1, which can satisfy the requirements from different application fields.
Morphine receptors as regulators of adenylate cyclase activity. (1975)

Morphine inhibits adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity of neuroblastoma times glioma hybrid cells. The inhibition is stereospecific and is reversed by the antagonist, naloxone. The relative affinities of narcotics for the opiate receptor agree well with their effectiveness as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase. Morphine-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines were found, and the degree of sensitivity was shown to be dependent upon the abundance of narcotic receptors. Thus, morphine receptors are functionally coupled to adenylate cyclase. A molecular mechanism for narcotic addiction and tolerance is proposed.
Identification of Substituted 3-[(4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H-indol-2-yl)methylene]- 1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones as Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors for VEGF-R2 (Flk-1/KDR), FGF-R1, and PDGF-Rβ Tyrosine Kinases (2000)

A series of new 3-substituted indolin-2-ones containing a tetrahydroindole moiety was developed as specific inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases associated with VEGF-R, FGF-R, and PDGF-R growth factor receptors. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory properties toward VEGF-R2 (Flk-1/KDR), FGF-R1, PDGF-Rbeta, p60(c)()(-)()(Src)(), and EGF-R tyrosine kinases and their ability to inhibit growth factor-dependent cell proliferation. Structure-activity relationships of this new pharmacophore have been determined at the level of kinase inhibition. Compounds containing a propionic acid moiety at the C-3' position of the tetrahydroindole ring represented the most potent indolin-2-ones to inactivate the VEGF, FGF, and PDGF receptor kinases. The inhibitory activities of 9d against VEGF-R2 (Flk-1), 9h against FGF-R1, and 9b against PDGF-Rbeta were 4, 80, and 4 nM, respectively. However, all of these compounds were inactive when tested against the EGF-R tyrosine kinase. Compounds 9a and 9b represented the most potent inhibitors of these classes to inhibit both biochemical kinase and growth factor-dependent cell proliferation for these three targets. In addition, compound 9a was cocrystallized with the catalytic domain of FGF-R1 providing evidence to explain the structure-activity relationship results. This study has provided evidence to support the potential of these new tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of angiogenesis and other growth factor-related diseases including human cancers.
PDZ-Binding Kinase/T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase, a Putative Cancer/Testis Antigen with an Oncogenic Activity in Breast Cancer (2006)

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. To discover molecular targets that are applicable for development of novel breast cancer therapy, we previously did genome-wide expression profile analysis of 81 breast cancers and found dozens of genes that were highly and commonly up-regulated in breast cancer cells. Among them, we here focused on one gene that encodes PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK), including a kinase domain. Northern blot analyses using mRNAs of normal human organs, breast cancer tissues, and cancer cell lines indicated this molecule to be a novel cancer/testis antigen. Reduction of PBK/TOPK expression by small interfering RNA resulted in significant suppression of cell growth probably due to dysfunction in the cytokinetic process. Immunocytochemical analysis with anti-PBK/TOPK antibody implicated a critical role of PBK/TOPK in an early step of mitosis. PBK/TOPK could phosphorylate histone H3 at Ser10 in vitro and in vivo, and mediated its growth-promoting effect through histone H3 modification. Because PBK/TOPK is the cancer/testis antigen and its kinase function is likely to be related to its oncogenic activity, we suggest PBK/TOPK to be a promising molecular target for breast cancer therapy.
Effective forces between macroions: The cases of asymmetric macroions and added salt (1998)

The distance-resolved effective forces between two spherical, highly charged colloidal macroions are calculated by computer simulation within the primitive model of strongly asymmetric electrolytes. In particular we consider the case of two asymmetric macroions, i.e., two particles with different charges and different radii, as well as the case of added salt ions. Different parameter sets corresponding to typical experimental samples are investigated. The results are compared with the predictions of traditional linear screening theory of Derjaguin and Landau [Acta Physicochim. URSS 14, 633 (1941)] and of Verwey and Overbeek [Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1948)]. For moderate charge asymmetries we find a semiquantitative agreement and verify different scaling laws obtained from Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory justifying the DLVO description of binary mixtures and of charge- and size-polydisperse macroion samples. However for very large asymmetry, particularly for the mixture of charged and uncharged colloid particles, we obtain a nonzero repulsive interaction contrarily to DLVO theory.
Adriamycin-induced alterations of the action potential in rat papillary muscle (1980)

The present study investigates the effects of adriamycin on the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium as monitored by intracellular recordings of the cardiac action potential. ADR was administered to rats at a dose of 20 mg . kg-1 given as a single intravenous injection or in four daily doses of 5 mg . kg-1 each. Twenty-four hours following the last injection, papillary muscles were removed and intracellular recordings of the action potential were sampled from the tissue. In another set of experiments, papillary muscles were removed from non-injected, control animals and superfused in vitro with adriamycin at a concentration of 200 mumol . litre-1. Several parameters of the action potential were measured and compared with control values in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In all studies, the major effect of adriamycin on the cardiac action potential was shown to be a prolongation of the duration at 20%, 50% and 98% repolarisation. Adriamycin did not appear to exert its effect by depression of cell metabolism, as superfusion with NaCN or dinitrophenol reduced the action potential duration. The upstroke velocity, which is proportional to the sodium conductance, was unaltered by ADR; it appears that ADR alters conductance of calcium and/or potassium across the myocardial membrane by an as yet unknown mechanism.
Detection of Smallpox Virus DNA by LightCycler PCR (2002)

A 300-bp plasmid fragment of the hemagglutinin gene was used as target DNA to develop a rapid real-time LightCycler (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.) PCR assay for laboratory detection of smallpox virus. PCR primers and probes were designed specifically for detection of smallpox virus DNA, but all viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus tested could be detected by use of the hemagglutinin gene target sequence. Base pair mismatches in the 204-bp amplicon allowed discrimination of cowpox virus (melting temperature [T(m)], 56.40 degrees C), monkeypox virus (T(m), 56.24 degrees C), and vaccinia virus (T(m), 56.72 degrees C), including the Dryvax vaccine strain, from smallpox virus (T(m), 62.45 degrees C) by melting curve analysis. The analytical sensitivity was 5 to 10 copies of target DNA per sample. The assay was specific for members of the genus Orthopoxvirus; the DNAs of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus were not detected by the smallpox virus LightCycler PCR.
High-power fiber-coupled 100W visible spectrum diode lasers for display applications (2013)

Diode lasers in the blue and red spectral range are the most promising light sources for upcoming high-brightness digital projectors in cinemas and large venue displays. They combine improved efficiency, longer lifetime and a greatly improved color space compared to traditional xenon light sources. In this paper we report on high-power visible diode laser sources to serve the demands of this emerging market. A unique electro-optical platform enables scalable fiber coupled sources at 638 nm with an output power of up to 100 W from a 400 μm NA0.22 fiber. For the blue diode laser we demonstrate scalable sources from 5 W to 100 W from a 400 μm NA0.22 fiber.
PEPCOL: A randomized noncomparative phase II study of PEP02 (MM-398) or irinotecan in combination with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil as second-line therapy in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer—A GERCOR Study. (2015)

751 Background: PEP02 is a highly stable nanoliposomal irinotecan. This randomized non-comparative phase II (PEPCOL) study evaluated the efficacy and safety of PEP02 (MM-398) or irinotecan in combination with LV/5-FU in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (EudraCT 2010-020468-39A, NCT01375816). Methods: Patients with unresectable mCRC who had failed one prior oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy were randomly assigned to FUPEP (PEP02 80 mg/m² d1, folinic acid (FA) 400 mg/m² d1, 5-FU 2,400 mg/m² d1-2) or FOLFIRI (FOLFIRI1: irinotecan 180 mg/m² d1, FA 400 mg/m² d1, 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m² d1, 5-FU infusion 2,400 mg/m² d1-2; or modified FOLFIRI3: irinotecan 90 mg/m² d1 and 3, FA 400 mg/m² d1, 5-FU infusion 2,400 mg/m² d1-2). Bevacizumab q2w (5 mg/kg) was allowed in both arms as of June 2012 (TML study report). The primary endpoint was the objective tumor response (OR). Results: Fifty-five patients were randomized (FUPEP, n=28; FOLFIRI, n=27). In the evaluable population (n=50), OR rate were 16.7% (n=4/24) and 11.5% (n=3/26) in the FUPEP and the FOLFIRI arms, respectively. Most common grade 3-4 adverse events reported in the respective FUPEP and the FOLFIRI arms were diarrhea (21% vs 33%), neutropenia (11% vs 30%), mucositis (11% vs 11%), and alopecia (G2: 25% vs 26%). Conclusions: FUPEP regimen exhibits promising tumor response and safety profile, and can be combined with bevacizumab, for oxaliplatin-pretreated patients. Hence PEP02 (MM-398) may provide a new second-line treatment option for mCRC. Based on the safety profile of the FUPEP regimen in this PEPCOL study, it was added as the third arm to the positive phase III metastatic pancreatic cancer (NAPOLI-1) study. Clinical trial information: NCT01375816.
Targeted inhibition of mtor by azd8055 blocks protein translation and has anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia (2010)

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