gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine compared to lithium in mania: a double-blind randomized controlled trial (1999)

Neuroleptics are of established efficacy in mania. Controlled data on the use of olanzapine in mania is however, absent. In this study, 30 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for mania were randomly allocated to receive either olanzapine or lithium in a 4 week double-blind randomized controlled design. There were no significant outcome differences between the two groups on any of the primary outcome measures, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (lithium 28.2; olanzapine 28.0; P = 0.44); Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale (lithium 2.75, olanzapine 2.36; P = 0.163) or the Mania Scale (lithium 13.2, olanzapine 10.2; P = 0.315). Olanzapine was however, significantly superior to lithium on the CGI-severity scale at week 4 (lithium 2.83, olanzapine 2.29; P = 0.025). Olanzapine did not differ from lithium in terms of treatment emergent extrapyramidal side-effects as measured by the Simpson-Angus Scale. Olanzapine appears to be at least as effective as lithium in the treatment of mania.
Benchmarking 6DOF Outdoor Visual Localization in Changing Conditions (2018)

Visual localization enables autonomous vehicles to navigate in their surroundings and augmented reality applications to link virtual to real worlds. Practical visual localization approaches need to be robust to a wide variety of viewing condition, including day-night changes, as well as weather and seasonal variations, while providing highly accurate 6 degree-of-freedom (6DOF) camera pose estimates. In this paper, we introduce the first benchmark datasets specifically designed for analyzing the impact of such factors on visual localization. Using carefully created ground truth poses for query images taken under a wide variety of conditions, we evaluate the impact of various factors on 6DOF camera pose estimation accuracy through extensive experiments with state-of-the-art localization approaches. Based on our results, we draw conclusions about the difficulty of different conditions, showing that long-term localization is far from solved, and propose promising avenues for future work, including sequence-based localization approaches and the need for better local features. Our benchmark is available at visuallocalization.net.
Lymphoid development from hematopoietic stem cells. (1999)

Mechanisms and pathways for commitment to the lymphoid lineage from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) remain controversial. The interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) transduces nonredundant signals for both T- and B-cell development. Recently, we identified a clonogenic common lymphoid progenitor population in mouse bone marrow that can give rise to T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, but lacks myeloid differentiation capacity. These cells are not self-renewing stem cells, but progenitors that have a limited life span. HSC do not express IL-7R, and the upregulation of the IL-7R occurs at the stage of common lymphoid progenitors. The IL-7R mediates nonredundant signals to reinforce the survival of developing T cells, and to promote rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in B-cell progenitors. Thus, common lymphoid progenitors exist in early hematopoiesis, and expression of the IL-7R is a critical step in the initiation of lymphoid development from HSC.
Efficient in vitro replication of double-stranded DNA templates by a purified T4 bacteriophage replication system. (1980)

A wide variety of double-stranded DNA templates are replicated extensively in an in vitro DNA replication system containing the purified proteins specified by seven T4 bacteriophage DNA replication genes (32, 41, 43, 44, 62, 45, and 61). In favorable conditions, this multiprotein system catalyzes the synthesis of several copies of the input DNA template in a 30- to 60-min incubation. The replication forks produced in vitro move in a highly processive fashion, at approximately the in vivo rate of 500 nucleotides per s. The DNA synthesized on the lagging side of the in vitro replication fork is made discontinuously, as it is in vivo, giving rise to "Okazaki pieces" averaging some 10,000 nucleotides in length; in contrast, DNA is polymerized in a continuous manner on the leading side of the in vitro fork. Although the mechanism by which the seven-protein in vitro DNA replication system propagates replication forks closely resembles the in vivo mechanism, it lacks the capacity to remove RNA primers, to reseal Okazaki pieces, and to initiate replication forks at defined DNA origins; supplementation of the system with additional T4-specific replication proteins will be required to facilitate these latter three functions.
GOLD—Graphical Overview of Linkage Disequilibrium (2000)

http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/asthma/GOLD CONTACT: goncalo@well.ox.ac.uk
Photoinduced changes of refractive index in PLZT ceramics (1976)

Photoinduced changes of refractive index (PCI) in nonpolar PLZT is attributed to photoconductivity at the wavelength λ = 488 nm. Optical measurement of PCI profiles suggests that average photocarrier drift length is 〈ℓ〉 ≃ 0.8 μm and they are positively charged.
Regio- and Diastereocontrol in Carbonyl Allylation by 1-Halobut-2-enes with Tin(II) Halides (1999)

Regio- and diastereoselective carbonyl allylations of 1-halobut-2-enes with tin(II) halides are described. Tin(II) bromide in a dichloromethane-water biphasic system is an effective reagent for unusual alpha-regioselective carbonyl allylation of 1-bromobut-2-ene to produce 1-substituted pent-3-en-1-ols. The addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) to the biphasic system produces 1-substituted 2-methylbut-3-en-1-ols via usual gamma-addition which is opposite to the alpha-addition without TBABr. The gamma-addition to aromatic aldehydes exhibits anti-diastereoselectivity, while that to aliphatic aldehydes is not diastereoselective. The allylation of benzaldehyde by 1-chlorobut-2-ene in 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one (DMI) does not occur with tin(II) chloride or bromide but does proceed with tin(II) iodide and exhibits gamma-syn selectivity which is unusual for a Barbier-type carbonyl allylation. In the carbonyl allylation by 1-chlorobut-2-ene with any tin(II) halide, the addition of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) accelerates the reaction and enhances gamma-syn selectivity. The use of tin(II) iodide and TBAI produces 2-methyl-1-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol with high yield and high syn-diastereoselectivity. The syn-diastereoselective carbonyl allylation of 1-chlorobut-2-ene using tin(II) iodide, a catalytic amount of TBAI, and NaI in DMI-H(2)O is applied to various aldehydes.
A novel approach to achieve highly efficient nonlinear optical polymers from guest-host systems (2005)

A series of side-chain electrooptic (E-O) polymers have been prepared by Diels-Alder reaction in a solid state and characterized for their nonlinear optical properties. A synthesized chromophore were easily attached to a pendent anthracenyl moiety functionalized on the poly(methylmethacrylate-co-anthrylmethylmethacrylate) thermally in the bulk films during the poling process without compromising E-O performances. We have also controlled a chromophore concentration to determine its critical loading density at which chromophore-chromophore electrostatic interaction occurs in the polymer matrix. The highest E-O coefficient was 110 pm/V for the 34 wt% of the doped chromophore in the polymer at the wavelength of 1.3 &#956;m. A high loading density of chromophore was obtained without observing a severe phase separation in the polymer matrix by an AFM morphology study. This novel approach provides to demonstrate a strategy for developing highly efficient E-O materials with the full potential of a chromophore.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein and its receptors: nuclear functions and roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems, the placental trophoblasts and the pancreatic islets (2001)

The cloning of the so-called 'parathyroid hormone-related protein' (PTHrP) in 1987 was the result of a long quest for the factor which, by mimicking the actions of PTH in bone and kidney, is responsible for the hypercalcemic paraneoplastic syndrome, humoral calcemia of malignancy. PTHrP is distinct from PTH in a number of ways. First, PTHrP is the product of a separate gene. Second, with the exception of a short N-terminal region, the structure of PTHrP is not closely related to that of PTH. Third, in contrast to PTH, PTHrP is a paracrine factor expressed throughout the body. Finally, most of the functions of PTHrP have nothing in common with those of PTH. PTHrP is a poly-hormone which comprises a family of distinct peptide hormones arising from post-translational endoproteolytic cleavage of the initial PTHrP translation products. Mature N-terminal, mid-region and C-terminal secretory forms of PTHrP are thus generated, each of them having their own physiologic functions and probably their own receptors. The type 1 PTHrP receptor, binding both PTH(1-34) and PTHrP(1-36), is the only cloned receptor so far. PTHrP is a PTH-like calciotropic hormone, a myorelaxant, a growth factor and a developmental regulatory molecule. The present review reports recent aspects of PTHrP pharmacology and physiology, including: (a) the identification of new peptides and receptors of the PTH/PTHrP system; (b) the recently discovered nuclear functions of PTHrP and the role of PTHrP as an intracrine regulator of cell growth and cell death; (c) the physiological and developmental actions of PTHrP in the cardiovascular and the renal glomerulo-vascular systems; (d) the role of PTHrP as a regulator of pancreatic beta cell growth and functions, and, (e) the interactions of PTHrP and calcium-sensing receptors for the control of the growth of placental trophoblasts. These new advances have contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiological role of PTHrP, and will help to identify its therapeutic potential in a number of diseases.
Syntheses and Reactivity of Analogues of Grubbs’ Second Generation Metathesis Catalyst with Fluorous Phosphines: A New Phase‐Transfer Strategy for Catalyst Activation (2007)

Abstract Reactions of the bis(pyridine) complex (H 2 IMes)(Py) 2 (Cl) 2 Ru(=CHPh), (H 2 IMes=1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and the highly fluorophilic phosphines [R f n (CH 2 ) m ] 3 P [ 1 ; m / n = a , 2/6; b , 2/8; c , 2/10; d , 3/8; R f n =CF 3 (CF 2 ) n −1 ] give (H 2 IMes){[R f n (CH 2 ) m ] 3 P}(Cl) 2 Ru(=CHPh) ( 4a – d , 64–78 %), which are analogues of Grubbs’ second generation alkene metathesis catalyst. Complexes 4a , b are effective catalysts for conversions of 1,6‐dienes to cyclopentenes under monophasic and biphasic conditions in CH 2 Cl 2 and CH 2 Cl 2 /fluorous solvent mixtures. The latter generally exhibit rate accelerations, which are believed to arise from phase transfer of the dissociated fluorous phosphine, allowing the substrate to better compete for the fourteen valence‐electron intermediate. Only modest effects are observed when Grubbs’ second generation catalyst is similarly reacted. The most fluorophilic catalyst, 4c , can be recycled by extracting the reaction mixtures with perfluoro(methylcyclohexane).
Outpatient treatment with subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon alfa administration in combination with fluorouracil in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results of a sequential nonrandomized phase II study. Subcutaneous Administration Propeukin Program Cooperative Group. (1998)

As in other recently published studies that used 5-FU, IL-2, and IFN-alpha, the multicenter SCAPP II trial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma generated severe toxicity. This sequential trial failed to confirm the favorable results previously obtained by Atzpodien and Sella with this combination of three drugs. Its efficacy, assessed on the response and survival rates, is near to the results observed in programs that used IL-2 alone given subcutaneously.
Gastric mucosal lesions produced by intravenous infusion of aspirin in cats. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Fungal Genetics Stock Center Catalogue of Strains (2006)

at the time of order. Fees are not waived for commercial requests nor for molecular tools. All materials in the FGSC collection are considered to be in the public domain. While the FGSC makes every effort to assure the validity of each stock, no warranty is made as to the validity or usefulness of any materials. We assume an educated clientelle and act accordingly.
Multisensory Cues and Multimodal Communication in Spiders: Insights from Video/Audio Playback Studies (2002)

Spiders perceive the world using multiple sensory modes, including vibration, vision, and chemical senses, for prey detection and communication. These sensory modes are used in many communication contexts, either individually or in multimodal signaling. Selection for effective signaler-receiver communication and species discrimination is especially strong for these predatory and potentially cannibalistic arthropods, resulting in the evolution of considerable diversity in signaling behaviors. In this paper, we review sensory mechanisms involved in spider signaling and present an overview of recent work done on wolf spiders (Lycosidae) that use multimodal communication (simultaneous visual and vibratory signals) in sexual signals during courtship. The relative importance of visual and vibratory signaling modes, and the use of multiple modes varies among closely related species in the genus Schizocosa, providing a model system for investigating multisensory guidance of complex behavior. Here we examine previous and current research on responses of female spiders to components of male courtship behavior, using several experimental techniques including cue isolation (single sensory modes), video/audio digitization and playback, and cue-conflict (mixed conspecific/heterospecific components) to tease apart elements of multimodal signaling.
New advances in $in vivo$ small animal imaging (2002)

The emergence of new animal models that mimic human disorders (neurodegenerative diseases, tumour growth, neuropsychiatric disorders) have enabled new fundamental and therapeutical approaches of these diseases. Mice, rats or guinea pigs have become progressively ubiquitous participants in most areas of molecular biology, toxicology and drug discovery research. Well-characterized models have been thus developed for a wide range of diseases to offer the possibility of studying their fundamental mechanisms as well as to test potential drugs. The mouse, in particular, has become a key animal model system for the study of development and human disease [1-4]. It offers the possibility to manipulate its genome and produce accurate models of many human disorders resulting in significant progress in the understanding of human diseases. In neurobiology, the possibility to mimic neurodegenerative diseases with rat models has permitted the development and the assessment of new therapeutic strategies based on genetic therapy or cell grafts [5-8]. The increasing number of studies performed on animal models has stimulated the development of new imaging tools adapted to the particular constraints of in vivo studies in small animals. Ex vivo experiments such as autoradiography have indeed showed their
Combined therapy with cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. (1992)

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are not very effective, even if commonly used, in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS), whereas cyclobenzaprine (C) has proved to be quite useful. The aim of this open randomized study was to compare low-dose C alone or in combination with ibuprofen (I) in 32 female patients suffering from PFS. Fifteen patients were given C 10 mg, and 17 patients C 10 mg plus I 600 mg. All patients received the drugs orally at night and were evaluated at baseline and at days 5 and 10. Assessment of efficacy included the number of tender points (max. = 16), muscle tightness (score 1-5), sleep difficulty (score 1-10), pain intensity (visual analogue scale 0-10) and duration of morning stiffness (min). At the end of the study all symptoms were found to be improved to the same extent in both treatment groups. An exception was morning stiffness, which became significantly more reduced in the patients taking C plus I. No patient discontinued the trial owing to adverse side-effects. In conclusion, C and I given concomitantly at night proved to be safe and advantageous in relieving the discomfort of PFS in the short term.
Plasmon-Assisted Two-Slit Transmission: Young’s Experiment Revisited (2005)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the optical transmission of a thin metal screen perforated by two subwavelength slits, separated by many optical wavelengths. The total intensity of the far-field double-slit pattern is shown to be reduced or enhanced as a function of the wavelength of the incident light beam. This modulation is attributed to an interference phenomenon at each of the slits, instead of at the detector. The interference arises as a consequence of the excitation of surface plasmons propagating from one slit to the other.
The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms (2000)

Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. To date, 14,126 images from 1,199 individuals are included in the FERET database, which is divided into development and sequestered portions of the database. In September 1996, the FERET program administered the third in a series of FERET face-recognition tests. The primary objectives of the third test were to 1) assess the state of the art, 2) identify future areas of research, and 3) measure algorithm performance.
Design, Synthesis and Organocatalysis of 2,2′-Biphenol-Based Prolinamide Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction in Water (2013)

In this work, 2,2′-biphenol-based prolinamide water-compatible <i>C</i> <sub>2</sub>- and <i>C</i> <sub>1</sub>-symmetrical organocatalysts were synthesized with the use of enantiopure <i>N</i>-Cbz-(<i>S</i>)-proline as chiral source. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the <i>C</i> <sub>1</sub>-symmetrical organocatalyst performed efficiently in the direct aldol reactions in water, thus delivering the desired aldol adducts in high yields (up to 100% yield) with excellent stereocontrol (up to 97:3 dr and 98% ee). The observed stereochemical outcome of the direct aldol reactions in water was interpreted by the proposed transition state.
Siderophore production by Staphylococcus aureus and identification of iron-regulated proteins (1997)

Siderophore activity of Staphylococcus aureus was detected in an iron-restricted chemically defined medium. The molecular mass of this siderophore, called aureochelin, was 577 Da. Surface-associated proteins of 120, 88, 57, 35, and 33 kDa were mainly expressed under iron restriction conditions. Results showed a relationship between siderophore production and the existence of the 120- and 88-kDa proteins. Western blotting of surface-associated proteins revealed that these proteins were recognized both by patients sera and polyclonal rabbit serum.
Induction of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ natural killer T cells byMycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (1999)

The CD4+ natural killer (NK)T cells in the liver are potent IL-4 producers and hence may promote Th2 cell development. Following Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) infection, IL-4-producing CD4+ NKT cells become undetectable in liver mononuclear cells of normal density (interface between 40 and 70% Percoll) by flow cytometry. The present study shows that M. bovis BCG infection changes the density of liver CD4+ NKT cells and shifts cytokine production from IL-4 to IFN-gamma. The number of CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) cells increased in the low-density fraction (<40% Percoll density gradient) in parallel to the reduction of this cell population in the fraction of normal density. The number of IL-4-producing cells, however, was small and high frequencies of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were identified in the low-density fraction after TCR/CD3 ligation. Accordingly, selected low-density CD4+ NKT cells encompassed high numbers of IFN-gamma producers and minute numbers of IL-4-secreting cells. Induction of low-density CD4+ NKT cells by M. bovis BCG was abrogated by endogenous IL-12 neutralization which also caused increased bacterial growth in the liver. We assume that M. bovis BCG infection changes cytokine secretion by the CD4+ NKT cell population from IL-4 to IFN-gamma through IL-12 induction. Thus, CD4+ NKT cells may contribute to host resistance against intracellular bacteria prior to conventional IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells.
Differentiation of inner ear stem cells to functional sensory neurons (2008)

Inner ear stem cells can be isolated by neurosphere formation from the vestibular organs and the cochlea. The cells are pluripotent, with the potential to become hair cells and neurons, the cochlear cell types whose loss causes deafness. Here we describe the control of cell fate decisions that determine the phenotype adopted by these progenitors, and we determine whether differentiation to sensory neurons is preferred over other types of neurons. Differentiation of progenitor cells recapitulated developmental pathways of embryonic sensory neurons. Based on marker expression, retinoic acid increased the yield of neurons and the percentage of sensory neurons obtained and caused a sharp increase in Pax2, a key transcription factor of cranial placodes. Markers of embryonic auditory and other sensory neurons, GATA3, Brn3a, and islet1, could be detected after 3 days of differentiation of the cells, and markers of the sensory phenotype, peripherin, calretinin, TrkC, and TrkB were expressed after 10 days. The differentiated cells had tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents and fired action potentials, and recordings revealed functional AMPA type-glutamate receptors, further indicating that these cells had developed neuronal features. Neurons differentiated from these stem cells grew processes to hair cells in vitro. Development of functional activity in cells with the markers of sensory neurons suggested that the inner ear stem cells might have the capacity to replace cells lost due to neural degeneration.