gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of anthrax-toxin components by high-performance anion-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (1988)

A procedure has been developed for purification of the tripartite anthrax-toxin components. This involves sequential high-performance anion-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. From an initial culture volume of 15 litres, typical yields of 8 mg of protective antigen, 13 mg of lethal factor and 7 mg of oedema factor are produced to higher degrees of purity than have previously been achieved by conventional chromatographic techniques.
Allele-Selective Inhibition of Mutant Huntingtin Expression with Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Expanded CAG Repeat (2010)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat within the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Therapeutic approaches include selectively inhibiting the expression of the mutated HTT allele while conserving function of the normal allele. We have evaluated a series of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeted to the expanded CAG repeat within HTT mRNA for their ability to selectively inhibit expression of mutant HTT protein. Several ASOs incorporating a variety of modifications, including bridged nucleic acids and phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, exhibited allele-selective silencing in patient-derived fibroblasts. Allele-selective ASOs did not affect the expression of other CAG repeat-containing genes and selectivity was observed in cell lines containing minimal CAG repeat lengths representative of most HD patients. Allele-selective ASOs left HTT mRNA intact and did not support ribonuclease H activity in vitro. We observed cooperative binding of multiple ASO molecules to CAG repeat-containing HTT mRNA transcripts in vitro. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving inhibition at the level of translation. ASOs targeted to the CAG repeat of HTT provide a starting point for the development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics that can inhibit gene expression with allelic discrimination in patients with HD.
Identification of Short Hydrophobic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Cytosolic Peptide Delivery by Rational Design (2016)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enhance the cellular uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. Most CPPs are highly cationic, potentially increasing the risk of toxic side effects and leading to accumulation in organs such as the liver. As a consequence, there is an unmet need for less cationic CPPs. However, design principles for effective CPPs are still missing. Here, we demonstrate a design principle based on a classification of peptides according to accumulated side-chain polarity and hydrophobicity. We show that in comparison to randomly selected peptides, CPPs cover a distinct parameter space. We designed peptides of only six to nine amino acids with a maximum of three positive charges covering this property space. All peptides were tested for cellular uptake and subcellular distribution. Following an initial round of screening we enriched the collection with short and hydrophobic peptides and introduced d-amino acid substitutions and lactam bridges which increased cell uptake, in particular for long-term incubation. Using a GFP complementation assay, for the most active peptides we demonstrate cytosolic delivery of a biologically active cargo peptide.
Thymidine kinase of herpes virus as a vehicle for the isolation and characterization of unknown mammalian promoters and enhancers. (1984)

We have previously reported that the promoter of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of herpes virus (HSV) can be replaced with the early promoter of SV40. In the present study we report the construction of a TK- plasmid (TK-pML-BglII) in which the TK promoter has been removed and a new BglII site has been regenerated for the insertion of exogenous promoters in front of this nonexpressed gene. We have tested the feasibility of using this plasmid for the isolation of unknown promoters by inserting DNA fragments containing the early and late promoters of human papovaviruses and have obtained activity. We have also inserted the fragments containing the 72-bp repeat enhancer sequences of SV40 and 107-bp repeat of the human BK virus into the intact TK plasmid (TK-pML) and observe increased frequency of transformation of mouse Ltk- cells to the TK+ phenotype. These results show that the TK system can be used as a vehicle for the isolation of unknown mammalian promoters and/or enhancers.
Optimal quantum codes for preventing collective amplitude damping (1998)

Collective decoherence is possible if the distance between quantum bits is smaller than the effective wavelength of the noise field. Collectivity in the decoherence helps us to devise more efficient quantum codes. We present a class of optimal quantum codes for preventing collective amplitude damping to a reservoir at zero temperature. It is shown that two quantum bits (qubits) are enough to protect one bit quantum information, and approximately $L+\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{ln}}_{2}(\ensuremath{\pi}L/2)$ qubits are enough to protect L-qubit information when L is large. For preventing collective amplitude damping, these codes are much more efficient than the previously discovered quantum error correcting or avoiding codes.
Detection of fetal cells in maternal blood (1991)

We report the detection of fetal cells in the maternal circulation by enzymatic amplification of a single copy gene sequence that was fetal-specific. Fetal HLA-A2-positive cells were sorted from maternal HLA-A2-negative cells by flow cytometry and confirmed by demonstration of a fetal-specific HLA-DR4 sequence. However, this sequence could not be detected in unenriched maternal DNA prepared at 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. The sensitivity of detection was 1 HLA-DR4-positive cell in 10(5) HLA-DR4-negative cells. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited autosomal-dominant genetic defects may be possible by selective gene amplification of maternal peripheral blood. However, preliminary enrichment for fetal cells may be necessary.
Critical care capacity in Canada: results of a national cross-sectional study (2015)

ICU resources vary widely across Canadian provinces, and during times of increased demand, may result in geographic differences in the ability to care for critically ill patients. These results highlight the need to evolve inter-jurisdictional resource sharing during periods of substantial increase in demand, and provide background data for the development of appropriate critical care capacity benchmarks.
Isolation of a multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid oxidation from Escherichia coli. (1977)

A multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid oxidation has been isolated from E. coli B cells and has been purified to near homogeneity by a simple two-step procedure. The complex exhibits thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9), enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17), and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35) activities towards short-, medium-, and long-chain substrates. The complex has been estimated to have a molecular weight of approximately 300,000 and is apparently composed of two types of subunits with molecular weights of 78,000 and 42,000.
Thermoplastic polyurethane-fumed silica composites: influence of the specific surface area of fumed silica on the viscoelastic and adhesion properties (1999)

Fumed silicas of different specific surface area (90-380 m2/g) were added to a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) solution. After solvent removal, solid fumed silica-PU composites were obtained. The viscoelastic properties of PU were improved by adding fumed silica and only a solid-like behavior in PU-fumed silica composites was obtained. The increase in the specific surface area of the fumed silica up to 200 m2 / g increased the moduli of the composites. Fumed silica-PU interactions were responsible for the improved rheological properties of the composites. The activation energies for viscous flow of the composites were 14-16 kcal/mol and increased as the specific surface area of fumed silica increased. The glass transition temperature (obtained from DMTA and DSC experiments) and the crystallization rate of fumed silica-PU composites decreased compared with PU and also decreased with increasing surface area of the fumed silica. The contact angle values were similar in all the composites and the strength of PVC/fumed silica-PU composite joints was not affected by the specific surface area of the fumed silica.
Education for sustainability in Australia: The current situation (2011)

With the increasing attention being paid to Education for Sustainability (EfS) in Australia, many tertiary educators are engaging with this field for the first time, including educators from a wide range of academic and vocational education and training (VET) backgrounds. This paper will endeavour to provide an outline of the field and its developments over the past few decades, in particular in the Australian context, and then give an overview of the current situation regarding EfS in Australia. The goal of the paper is for those new to the field to gain an understanding of how the field has emerged and evolved and to know a little more about what has been happening in EfS in school education in Australia, so that they can better understand how their incoming students may have engaged with EfS while at school. In Australia EfS is seen as having a broad scope, including challenging and changing both content and curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. Culture and values are also seen as important aspects of EfS. Goals of EfS in Australia include preparing citizens who understand sustainability issues, have values and capabilities to address the challenges, and participate in decision-making. This paper will first explore the development of environmental awareness and what became EfS internationally and in Australia and what is meant by Education for Sustainably (EfS) in Australia. It will then explore the main efforts in EfS in Australia to give educators new to the field an overview of the current situation, drivers and goals of EfS in Australia.
Improved tolerability and efficacy in epilepsy patients with extended-release carbamazepine (2005)

The authors conducted a 3-month, prospective, open-label study assessing the effects of switching from immediate-release carbamazepine formulations to an equal total daily dose of carbamazepine extended-release capsules (CBZ-ERC) in adolescents and adults with epilepsy. Using validated, epilepsy-specific measures the authors found that switching to CBZ-ERC significantly improved patients' adverse events and quality-of-life measures. Switching to CBZ-ERC also improved seizure control.
Computational and Design Methods for Advanced Imaging (2012)

This study was designed to compare peak frequency, mean power frequency, and power spectrum of each frequency band of body-sway time series and velocity time series power spectra between 30 healthy elderly people and 30 young adults and to clarify their frequency characteristics. Peak frequency and mean power frequency differed between groups, being higher for elderly persons, and the difference was marked in the front-back direction. When comparing power spectra of three domains (A: 0.02-0.2 Hz, B: 0.2-2.0 Hz, and C: 2.0-10.0 Hz) of an international standard, a significant age-group difference was found only in the front-back direction. Young adults were higher in the low frequency band (A domain) in sway time series, and the elderly group was higher in the high frequency band (C domain) in body-sway velocity time series. However, almost all power spectra of both groups appeared in the low frequency band. The present results suggested frequency characteristics of healthy people occur in the low frequency band, but the elderly group compared with the young adults had more characteristics in the high frequency band. Their frequency characteristics cannot be properly evaluated by the international standard established to screen disorders. It may be necessary for healthy people to have new evaluation frequency sections when considering power spectrum characteristics of sway time series and sway-velocity time series.
Stylus input and editing without prior selection of mode (2003)

This paper offers a solution to the mode problem in computer sketch/notetaking programs. Conventionally, the user must specify the intended "draw" or "command" mode prior to performing a stroke. This necessity has proven to be a barrier to the usability of pen/stylus systems. We offer a novel Inferred-Mode interaction protocol that avoids the mode hassles of conventional sketch systems. The system infers the user's intent, if possible, from the properties of the pen trajectory and the context of the trajectory. If the intent is ambiguous, the user is offered a choice mediator in the form of a pop-up button. To maximize the fluidity of drawing, the user is entitled to ignore the mediator and continue drawing. We present decision logic for the inferred mode protocol, and discuss subtleties learned in the course of its development. We also present results of initial user trials validating the usability of this interaction design.
BRCA1-regulated RRM2 expression protects glioblastoma cells from endogenous replication stress and promotes tumorigenicity (2016)

Oncogene-evoked replication stress (RS) fuels genomic instability in diverse cancer types. Here we report that BRCA1, traditionally regarded a tumour suppressor, plays an unexpected tumour-promoting role in glioblastoma (GBM), safeguarding a protective response to supraphysiological RS levels. Higher BRCA1 positivity is associated with shorter survival of glioma patients and the abrogation of BRCA1 function in GBM enhances RS, DNA damage (DD) accumulation and impairs tumour growth. Mechanistically, we identify a novel role of BRCA1 as a transcriptional co-activator of RRM2 (catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase), whereby BRCA1-mediated RRM2 expression protects GBM cells from endogenous RS, DD and apoptosis. Notably, we show that treatment with a RRM2 inhibitor triapine reproduces the BRCA1-depletion GBM-repressive phenotypes and sensitizes GBM cells to PARP inhibition. We propose that GBM cells are addicted to the RS-protective role of the BRCA1-RRM2 axis, targeting of which may represent a novel paradigm for therapeutic intervention in GBM.
Organic modification of mesoporous silicon rugate filters: the influence of nanoarchitecture on optical behaviour (2008)

The internal nanostructure and optical properties of mesoporous silicon rugate filters prepared on different p+ type silicon substrates are compared for applications in biosensing. Chemical derivatisation of the internal surface by undecenoic acid hydrosilylation results in red-shifting of the resonant wavelength of the filter, whereby the magnitude of the red shift is found to be a function of the pore morphology. The pore structure was found to play a significant role during infiltration of protein into the photonic crystal.
Alpha-helical coiled-coil stalks in the low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) and related C-type lectins. (1992)

The low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in both cellular immunity and allergic inflammation. Its extracellular IgE-binding domain bears homology to C-type animal lectins, and the protein is, therefore, classified as a member of this superfamily. We predict that this lectin-like domain is separated from the cell membrane by an extensive region of alpha-helical coiled-coil structure, based upon sequence comparisons with tropomyosin, the archetypal alpha-helical coiled-coil structure, and detection of characteristic heptad repeats. Analysis of other receptor protein sequences identified a similar structural motif in other membrane-bound members of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the asialoglycoprotein receptor, the Kupffer cell receptor, and the B-cell differentiation antigen Lyb-2 (CD72). It appears that within the C-type lectin superfamily, there is a subfamily of structurally related membrane-bound receptor proteins that contain alpha-helical coiled-coil stalks of various lengths.
A high-performance top-gate graphene field-effect transistor based frequency doubler (2010)

A high-performance top-gate graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) is fabricated, and used for constructing a high efficient frequency doubler. Taking the advantages of the high gate efficiency and low parasitic capacitance of the top-gate device geometry, the gain of the graphene frequency doubler is increased about ten times compared to that of the back-gate G-FET based device. The frequency response of the frequency doubler is also pushed from 10 kHz for a back-gate device to 200 kHz, at which most of the output power is concentrated at the doubled fundamental frequency of 400 kHz.
Characterization of the normal adrenal gland with 18F-FDG PET/CT. (2004)

PET/CT permits more reliable visualization of normal adrenal glands than does PET alone. Visual assessment of adrenal uptake correlates well with SUV measurement, and readers of PET/CT need to be aware of the wide range of normal adrenal uptake.
A phase II pilot trial of concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, temozolomide, interleukin 2, and IFN-alpha 2B in patients with metastatic melanoma. (2002)

In an effort to reduce the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) progression in patients with metastatic melanoma with ongoing systemic response to biochemotherapy, we modified our standard concurrent biochemotherapy regimen by replacing dacarbazine (DTIC) with oral temozolomide.Patients received cisplatin, vinblastine, and temozolomide (20 mg/m(2) cisplatin and 1.2 mg/m(2) vinblastine i.v., days 1-4; 150 mg/m(2) p.o. temozolomide, days 1-4) concurrent with interleukin 2 (9 MIU/m(2)/day) by continuous i.v. infusion on days 1-4 and IFN-alpha (5 MU/m(2)/day) on days 1-5, 8, 10, and 12. Prophylactic antibiotics and a maximum of four cycles were administered. Routine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and aggressive antiemetics were also provided. Tumor staging included torso computed tomography scans and brain magnetic resonance imaging pretreatment, after cycle 4 and then every 3 months for 2 years. Torso computed tomography scans were also performed after cycle 2.A total of 147 treatment cycles were administered to 48 patients. No patients had received prior chemotherapy or interleukin 2; however, 19 (40%) had received prior adjuvant IFN-alpha. Significant toxicities included 2 deaths from cardiac events (pericarditis al tamponade and posttreatment myocardial infarction with associated ventricular arrhythmia) and 3 gastrointestinal serious adverse events (pancreatitis, appendicitis, and upper GI bleed). No other nonhematological grade 4 toxicities were observed. Tumor responses were seen in 22 of 47 evaluable patients (relative risk, 47%) with 7 complete responses (15%). Response durations ranged from 1 to 29+ months with 1 currently ongoing. Median survival was 7.5 months. The CNS was the initial site of progression in 2 responding patients. An additional 6 responding patients developed CNS progression within 3 months of systemic progression. Initial CNS progression was significantly less frequent what was seen with the prior DTIC-based biochemotherapy regimen (2 of 22 versus 12 of 19; P = 0.001).This regimen appears to be active and reasonably well tolerated in patients with metastatic melanoma. Although the substitution of temozolomide for DTIC reduced the incidence of initial CNS progression, this effect did not appear to result in an improved overall outcome.
EARLY EVENTS IN THE ACTIVATION OF PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES (1994)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Advanced Java bytecode instrumentation (2007)

Bytecode instrumentation is a valuable technique for transparently enhancing virtual execution environments for purposes such as monitoring or profiling. Current approaches to bytecode instrumentation either exclude some methods from instrumentation, severely restrict the ways certain methods may be instrumented, or require the use of native code. In this paper we compare different approaches to bytecode instrumentation in Java and come up with a novel instrumentation framework that goes beyond the aforementioned limitations. We evaluate our approach with an instrumentation for profiling which generates calling context trees of various platform-independent dynamic metrics.
Antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of the aminobisphosphonate incadronate (YM175) in adjuvant induced arthritis. (2003)

Incadronate not only inhibits bone destruction but also reduces cartilage degeneration and joint inflammation in rats with established AIA. The mechanism underlying these antiinflammatory actions of incadronate may be attributable to the inhibition of macrophage migration to the site of inflammation. Bisphosphonates might be effective in preventing the progressive joint destruction and inflammation seen in patients with RA.
Ricin transport in brefeldin A-treated cells: correlation between Golgi structure and toxic effect. (1991)

Whereas brefeldin A (BFA) protected a number of cell lines against the protein toxin ricin, two of the cell lines tested were not protected but rather sensitized to ricin by BFA. EM studies revealed that upon addition of BFA the Golgi stacks in cells which were protected against the toxin rapidly transformed into a characteristic tubulo-vesicular reticulum connected to the endoplasmic reticulum, and subcellular fractionation experiments showed that galactosyl transferase disappeared from the Golgi fractions where it was normally located. EM and subcellular fractionation also indicated that in contrast to the Golgi stacks, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remained intact and that internalized ricin was still localized in the TGN both when BFA was added before and after the toxin. Thus, BFA does not prevent fusion of ricin-containing vesicles with the TGN, and unlike resident proteins in Golgi stacks, ricin is not transported back to ER upon treatment of cells with BFA. Two kidney epithelial cell lines, MDCK and PtK2, were not protected against ricin by BFA, and EM studies of MDCK cells revealed that BFA did not alter the morphology of the Golgi complex in these cells. Also, subcellular fractionation revealed that, in contrast to the other cell types tested, the localization of galactosyl transferase in the gradients was not affected by BFA treatment. The data show that there is a correlation between BFA-induced disassembly of the Golgi stacks and protection against ricin, and they demonstrate that the structural organization of the Golgi apparatus is affected by BFA to different extents in various cell lines.