gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereo (2017)

In this paper we formulate structure from motion as a learning problem. We train a convolutional network end-to-end to compute depth and camera motion from successive, unconstrained image pairs. The architecture is composed of multiple stacked encoder-decoder networks, the core part being an iterative network that is able to improve its own predictions. The network estimates not only depth and motion, but additionally surface normals, optical flow between the images and confidence of the matching. A crucial component of the approach is a training loss based on spatial relative differences. Compared to traditional two-frame structure from motion methods, results are more accurate and more robust. In contrast to the popular depth-from-single-image networks, DeMoN learns the concept of matching and, thus, better generalizes to structures not seen during training.
High-temperature Heat Content of Mn3O4, MnSiO3 and Mn3C1 (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature Heat Content of Mn3O4, MnSiO3 and Mn3C1J. C. Southard and G. E. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 8, 1769–1770Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01260a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01260a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase from Escherichia coli. (1980)

Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli. For this purification, a strain of E. coli which was derepressed for AdoMet synthetase and which harbors a plasmid containing the structural gene for AdoMet synthetase was constructed. This strain produces 80-fold more AdoMet synthetase than a wild type E. coli. AdoMet synthetase has a molecular weight of 180,000 and is composed of four identical subunits. In addition to the synthetase reaction, the purified enzyme catalyzes a tripolyphosphatase reaction that is stimulated by AdoMet. Both enzymatic activities require a divalent metal ion and are markedly stimulated by certain monovalent cations. AdoMet synthesis also takes place if adenyl-5'yl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) is substituted for ATP. The imidotriphosphate (PPNP) formed is not hydrolyzed, permitting dissociation of AdoMet formation from tripolyphosphate cleavage. An enzyme complex is formed which contains one equivalent (per subunit) of adenosylmethionine, monovalent cation, imidotriphosphate, and presumably divalent cation(s). The rate of product dissociation from this complex is 3 orders of magnitude slower than the rate of AdoMet formation from ATP. Studies with the phosphorothioate derivatives of ATP (ATP alpha S and ATP beta S) in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ indicate that a divalent ion is bound to the nucleotide during the reaction and provide information on the stereochemistry of the metal-nucleotide binding site.
EGNet:Edge Guidance Network for Salient Object Detection (2019)

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) have shown their advantages in the salient object detection task. However, most existing FCNs-based methods still suffer from coarse object boundaries. In this paper, to solve this problem, we focus on the complementarity between salient edge information and salient object information. Accordingly, we present an edge guidance network (EGNet) for salient object detection with three steps to simultaneously model these two kinds of complementary information in a single network. In the first step, we extract the salient object features by a progressive fusion way. In the second step, we integrate the local edge information and global location information to obtain the salient edge features. Finally, to sufficiently leverage these complementary features, we couple the same salient edge features with salient object features at various resolutions. Benefiting from the rich edge information and location information in salient edge features, the fused features can help locate salient objects, especially their boundaries more accurately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on six widely used datasets without any pre-processing and post-processing. The source code is available at http: //mmcheng.net/egnet/.
Human Type I Interferon Receptor, IFNAR, Is a Heavily Glycosylated 120-130 kD Membrane Protein (1995)

Type I interferons (IFNs) bind and signal through cell surface receptors that share at least one common component. One candidate for such a component is the interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR). Genetic studies have shown that the IFNAR gene product is required for response to many type I interferons. However, these studies also suggest that the IFNAR protein interacts with an additional receptor component(s) to form functionally complete type I IFN receptors. Although these genetic studies have contributed significantly to understanding the type I IFN receptors. Although these genetic studies have contributed significantly to understanding the type I IFN receptors, little biochemical characterization of IFNAR and its function has been reported. To facilitate biochemical studies of the IFNAR gene product, a monoclonal antibody, GB8, recognizing the extracellular domain of IFNAR was prepared. The epitope for GB8 maps to the second extracellular domain of IFNAR between amino acids 278 and 293. GB8 identifies IFNAR in western blots of cell membranes as a broad band with molecular mass ranging from 100 to 150 kD in membranes from CHO cells overexpressing the human IFNAR gene to 136-150 kD in Daudi cell membranes. Such variations in the mean value and the range of molecular mass between IFNAR in different cell lines suggest differences in glycosylation. The majority of glycosylation is N-linked, although there may also be a small amount O-linked oligosaccharide. Deglycosylation of IFNAR in Daudi cell membranes results in a 70 kD IFNAR species, indicating that nearly half of the apparent molecular mass of Daudi cell IFNAR is contributed by carbohydrate moieties.
Managing PC Operating Systems with a Revision Control System (1997)

During the lifetime of a workstation the system administrator is faced with constant change in system configuration (updates, new software). The users of a workstation, too, may change the system configuration. We describe the necessary concepts for maintaining many similar configured PC clients in a lab environment. The main software component consists of fsrcs,a revision control system similar to RCS and SCCS. The revision control software is available without charge. Motivation This paper was motivated by the need to reduce the huge administrative effort for running a computer training room at the Department of Applied Computer Science. It is the first attempt at our university of a fully automatic client installation and update solution using free software. The students can handle the following from the boot-prompt of the PC client without assistance of the system administrator: 1. Repair or install Linux software (operating system and applications) on the PC. 2. Repair o...
Two New Isoflavones from Ceiba pentandra and Their Effect on Cyclooxygenase-Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis (1998)

The new isoflavone glucoside vavain 3'-O-beta-d-glucoside (1) and its aglycon, vavain (2), were isolated from the bark of Ceiba pentandra, together with the known flavan-3-ol, (+)-catechin, These novel structures were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments and by MS, IR, and UV spectroscopy as 5-hydroxy-7,4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside (1) and 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone (2), respectively. The compounds were isolated following bioactivity-directed fractionation, using a cyclooxygenase-1-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis assay in vitro, in which compounds 1 and 2 and (+)-catechin exhibited IC50 values of 381, 97, and 80 microM, respectively (standard: indomethacin, IC50 1,1 microM). When further tested for their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis, 1 and 2 were found to be inactive (IC50 > 1200 and > 900 microM, respectively).
Tumor suppression after tumor cell-targeted tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transfer. (1991)

The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene was introduced by retroviral gene transfer into the TNF-alpha-insensitive tumor cell line J558L. Production of 40 pg/ml TNF-alpha by clone J2T12 consistently did not change the growth rate in vitro, but drastically suppressed tumor growth when injected into syngeneic BALB/c mice. Within 2 wk, 90% of the mice inoculated with J558L cells developed a tumor, but none of the mice injected with J2T12 did so. Within the observation period (greater than 3 mo), 60% of the mice inoculated with J2T12 did not develop a tumor. In the other 40% of the mice, tumor manifestation was significantly delayed. Mice injected simultaneously with J2T12 cells and an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody developed tumors similar to parental J558L cells. Similarly, the tumor-suppressive effects of TNF-alpha were abolished, e.g., by injection of an anti-type 3 complement receptor (CR3) monoclonal antibody that is known to prevent migration of inflammatory cells. These results and the observation of tumor-infiltrating macrophages suggest that lack of tumorigenicity of J2T12 cells is due to the TNF-alpha secretion by the tumor cells and that TNF-alpha acts indirectly by a mechanism that involves chemotactic recruitment and activation of cells, predominantly of macrophages. In contrast, the tumor growth was not affected when, instead of TNF-alpha, interleukin 6 was expressed by J558L cells. Together, our results support the concept of tumor cell-targeted cytokine gene transfer as a tool for cancer treatment, and particularly demonstrate that extremely low doses of TNF-alpha produced by tumor cells are sufficient to inhibit tumor growth without detectable side effects.
Characterization of Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia Caused by PCSK9 Gain of Function Mutations and Its Specific Treatment With Alirocumab, a PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody (2015)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01604824.
Automated design and fabrication of ocular optics (2008)

Automated computer-aided procedure for component selection, optical design, and optimization was developed and used to produce prototype ocular optics of a head-mounted display for biomedical imaging, with the field of view and resolution approaching those of normal human vision. The new display has the potential to dramatically increase the amount and fidelity of real-time visual information presented to the user. The selected approach was based on a tiled configuration and "optically stitched" virtual image, resulting in seamless imagery generated by multiple micro-displays. Several optical configurations were studied in the design stage, to arrive at the optimal optical layout. The automated procedure provided for extensive search of the best candidate stock components out of thousands of candidate lenses offered by different vendors. At each iteration, the candidate lens was "digitally inserted" in the optical layout, its position was optimized, and the achieved merit function characterizing the quality of the stitched image was stored, along with the design prescription. A few best designs were then closely evaluated in a traditional "manual" procedure. The design effort was followed by experimental demonstration and tests of a limited prototype optical system.
The inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate receptor in cerebellar Purkinje cells: quantitative immunogold labeling reveals concentration in an ER subcompartment. (1990)

The Ca2+ mobilization effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the second messenger generated via receptor-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, is mediated by binding to intracellular receptors, which are expressed in high concentration in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Partially conflicting previous reports localized the receptor to various subcellular structures: elements of ER, both rough and smooth-surfaced, the nuclear envelope, and even the plasma membrane. We have now reinvestigated the problem quantitatively by using cryosections of rat cerebellar tissue immunolabeled with polyclonal monospecific antibodies against the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. By immunofluorescence the receptor was detected only in Purkinje cells, whereas the other cells of the cerebellar cortex remained negative. In immunogold-decorated ultrathin cryosections of the Purkinje cell body, the receptor was concentrated in cisternal stacks (piles of up to 12 parallel cisternae separated by regularly spaced bridges, located both in the deep cytoplasm and beneath the plasma membrane; average density, greater than 5 particles/micron of membrane profile); in cisternal singlets and doublets adjacent to the plasma membrane (average density, approximately 2.5 particles/micron); and in other apparently smooth-surfaced vesicular and tubular profiles. Additional smooth-surfaced elements were unlabeled. Perinuclear and rough-surfaced ER cisternae were labeled much less by themselves (approximately 0.5 particles/micron, two- to threefold the background), but were often in direct membrane continuity with heavily labeled, smooth-surfaced tubules and cisternal stacks. Finally, mitochondria, Golgi cisternae, multivesicular bodies, and the plasma membrane were unlabeled. In dendrites, approximately half of the nonmitochondrial, membrane-bound structures (cisternae, tubules, and vesicles), as well as small cisternal stacks, were labeled. Dendritic spines always contained immunolabeled cisternae and vesicles. The dendritic plasma membrane, of both shaft and spines, was consistently unlabeled. These results identify a large, smooth-surfaced ER subcompartment that appears equipped to play a key role in the control of Ca2+ homeostasis: in particular, in the generation of [Ca2+]i transients triggered by activation of specific receptors, such as the quisqualate-preferring trans(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentamedicarboxylic acid glutamatergic receptors, which are largely expressed by Purkinje cells.
Generation of type-specific probes for the detection of single-copy human papillomavirus by a novel in situ hybridization method. (1998)

The integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is associated with the pathogenesis of HPV-associated malignancies. The ability, however, of standard in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect low-copy integrated HPV DNA is limited. We describe the generation of HPV type-specific biotin-labeled DNA probes and a novel ISH method that uses the catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) system for the detection of single-copy target HPV DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Consensus primers flanking the noncoding region of HPVs were used to generate biotin-labeled HPV-6b, -11, -16 and -18 probes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The probes were used for ISH with the novel technique of CARD to increase the sensitivity of the assay. Tissue blocks were prepared from CaSki (500-600 copies of HPV-16), SiHa (1-2 copies of HPV-16), and HeLa (10-50 copies of HPV-18) cell lines, as well as from an HPV-negative cell line, C33A, and then tested to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the probes. Surgical specimens were used to show the clinical applicability of this technique. We successfully detected HPV-16 DNA in CaSki and SiHa cells but not in HeLa or C33A cells. HPV-18 DNA was detected in HeLa cells but not in CaSki, SiHa, or C33A cells. Sensitivity was increased when ISH was performed using probes with more biotin incorporation or when more cycles of signal amplification were employed, but significant nonspecific background was observed after more than two cycles of signal amplification. The probes generated in this study detected specific types of HPV in surgical specimens with much higher sensitivity than did conventional ISH. We concluded that our new method was highly sensitive and could be applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded clinical material for the detection of HPV.
Multi-antigenic DNA immunization using herpes simplex virus type 2 genomic fragments (2008)

A novel DNA vaccine was generated using genomic fragments of a pathogen as the source of both the antigen coding and regulatory regions. The constructs, termed subgenomic vaccines (SGVs), incorporated genomic DNA sequences up to 45 kbp that encompass 15-20 different genes. The SGVs were developed to generate vaccines capable of expressing multiple genes from a single construct, which could be of great benefit for commercialization. The unique feature of the SGVs is that genes are expressed from their native promoters rather than heterologous promoters typical of DNA vaccines. SGVs composed of genomic fragments from the DS-DNA virus Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) induced HSV-2 specific immune responses following particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) in mice and these responses protected animals from lethal infectious challenge. A second generation SGV (SGV-H2), intended as an HSV-2 therapeutic vaccine, was generated that had five HSV-2 genes and was capable of generating multi-antigenic responses in naïve mice, and enhancing responses in infected animals. When compared with standard single plasmid vaccines, immunization with the SGV-H2 was found to be at least as effective as single plasmids or plasmid mixtures. The activity of the SGV-H2 could be greatly enhanced by co-delivering plasmids expressing E. coli heat labile toxin (LT) or cholera toxin CT as adjuvants as has been found previously for standard single-gene DNA vaccines.
Synergistic effect of rapamycin and cyclosporin A in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. (1995)

Immunosuppressive drugs currently available for the treatment of autoimmune diseases display a narrow therapeutic window between efficacy and toxic side effects. The use of combinations of drugs that have a synergistic effect may expand this window and reduce the risk of toxicity. We evaluated the combination effect of rapamycin (Rapa) and cyclosporin A (CsA) in an autoimmune disease model of the eye. The dose-effect relationship of Rapa with CsA was measured in vitro on the inhibition of proliferation of retinal S-Ag-primed lymphocytes. A median effect analysis was performed and a combination index (CI) calculated for 50% inhibition of proliferation. Rapa and CsA were markedly synergistic over a wide dose range (lowest CI = 0.31). Calculated dose reduction factors indicated that Rapa could be reduced nine-fold and CsA reduced five-fold when these drugs were used in combination. These reduced doses were tested in vivo for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Twelve of 15 rats treated with CsA, 2 mg/kg/day, developed EAU with a median severity of 2.5. Fourteen of 15 rats treated with Rapa, 0.01 mg/kg/day, developed EAU with a median severity of 3.25. Complete inhibition of EAU was achieved in all 15 animals treated with the combination of Rapa and CsA (combined vs CsA alone, p < 0.0002; combined vs Rapa alone, p < 0.00001). The demonstrated synergistic relationship between Rapa and CsA will allow the use of reduced doses of each drug to achieve a therapeutic effect. The use of lower doses may reduce the toxicity of these drugs for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
Nerve growth factor and Alzheimer's disease (1986)

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a pronounced loss of the cholinergic neurons that form the ascending cholinergic projections of the basal forebrain. Even though the disease is also characterized by changes in other neuronal systems and by a high frequency of neuronal plaques and tangles, the cholinergic deficit seems to be a principal element responsible for the memory loss typical of Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes findings in experimental animals which indicate that nerve growth factor (NGF), a well-characterized protein, acts as a neurotrophic factor for cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. NGF is present in the target areas of these cholinergic neurons and affects their survival, fiber growth, and expression of transmitter-specific enzymes. Furthermore, NGF is able to prevent the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in adult rats with experimental lesions mimicking the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that increasing the availability of NGF to human cholinergic cells might promote their survival in certain disease processes. Additional steps are discussed for establishing the possible involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the development of an effective therapy.
Cell lineage in the cerebral cortex (1991)

We have studied cell lineage in the rat cerebral cortex using retroviral mediated gene transfer. By this method, a marker gene is inserted into dividing precursor cells such that their fate can be followed. We have applied this technique to two types of experiment. First, virus was used to label precursor cells of the cerebral cortex in situ during the period of neurogenesis. Second, cortical precursor cells were grown in dissociated cell culture, and virus was used to follow their development over the culture period. These experiments showed that the majority of precursor cells generate a single cell type--neurones, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. Moreover, this is true both in vivo and in dissociated cell culture. The only exception is a bipotential cell, which can generate both neurons and oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that the ventricular zone--the germinal layer of the embryonic cortex--is a mosaic of precursor cells of different restricted potentials. Although precursor cells are restricted in terms of the cell types they generate, they seem not to be restricted in either the cortical laminae or cytoarchitectonic areas to which they can contribute. Both neuronal and grey matter astrocyte precursors contribute cells to multiple layers of both infra- and supragranular laminae. Moreover, in the hippocampal formation, neuronal precursors can contribute cells to more than one hippocampal field.