gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“He Will Crush You Like an Academic Ninja!”: Exploring Teacher Ratings on Ratemyprofessors.com (2006)

This study examines students' motives for use and perceptions of the web site http://www.ratemyprofessors.com, one of the main sites that allow students to post anonymous ratings of college professors in the United States and Canada. The contents of comments posted to the web site are examined for relationships to numerical ratings on the site and motivations expressed by students for participating in the rating process. Qualitative (focus group interviews) and quantitative (content analysis) investigations are presented. Students' motives for accessing Ratemyprofessors.com include information seeking, convenience, and interpersonal utility. As regards teacher ratings, the results indicate that students were primarily concerned with issues such as instructor competence and the classroom experience.
Persistence of hepatitis B viral DNA after serological recovery from hepatitis B virus infection (1991)

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a major medical problem worldwide. Apart from HBsAg carriers, hepatitis B virus has also been identified in some HBsAg-individuals with or without antibodies to viral antigens. The molecular mechanisms underlying hepatitis B virus persistence in HBsAg-individuals are unresolved, however. To identify a possible genetic basis for viral persistence, we cloned the viral genome from the liver of a patient serologically immune to hepatitis B virus infection. DNA sequence analysis of the complete viral genome identified numerous mutations in all viral genes. Analysis of the biological effects of these mutations revealed three major findings: a low level of HBsAg synthesis, absence of HBeAg production and a defect terminating viral replication. These data suggest that mutations accumulating during the natural course of hepatitis B virus infection may be a mechanism underlying viral persistence in HBsAg-individuals, presumably through escape from immune surveillance.
Synthetic Genistein Glycosides Inhibiting EGFR Phosphorylation Enhance the Effect of Radiation in HCT 116 Colon Cancer Cells (2014)

The need to find new EGFR inhibitors for use in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors has drawn our attention to compounds derived from genistein, a natural isoflavonoid. The antiproliferative potential of synthetic genistein derivatives used alone or in combination with ionizing radiation was evaluated in cancer cell lines using clonogenic assay. EGFR phosphorylation was assessed with western blotting. Genistein derivatives inhibited clonogenic growth of HCT 116 cancer cells additively or synergistically when used in combination with ionizing radiation, and decreased EGFR activation. Our preclinical evaluation of genistein-derived EGFR inhibitors suggests that these compounds are much more potent sensitizers of cells to radiation than the parent isoflavonoid, genistein and indicate that these compounds may be useful in the treatment of colon cancer with radiation therapy.
[Functional inhibition by cyclosporin A of the lymphocyte receptor for the AIDS virus (HIV)]. (1986)

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) displays a selective tropism for cells expressing the CD4 molecule which, by itself, represents at least part of the specific receptor for this virus. However, modification of the activation state of each individual cell seems critical not only for virus replication but also for its binding and subsequent penetration into its target. We demonstrate here that Cyclosporin-A (CSA), a drug which inhibits IL-2 dependent T-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation and which is known for its immunosuppressive activity, can prevent subsequent virus binding to cells otherwise susceptible to HIV. Normal T-lymphocytes were preincubated in vitro with CSA at concentrations that were in the same range than those reached in the serum of treated patients. This resulted in the complete disappearance of HIV receptors (HIV-R), as assessed by the direct measure of specific binding of fluoresceinated HIV (HIV-FITC), and in the subsequent inhibition of HIV replication in cultured cells. Moreover CSA pretreatment of IL-2 independent transformed cells derived from the CEM line, before their infection, strongly inhibited HIV adsorption as well as further virus replication. These results provide a new experimental basis for the potential application of CSA in the treatment of HIV-related diseases.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a peptidomimetic containing the (R)-4.4-spiro lactam type-II .beta.-turn mimic (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and crystal structure of a peptidomimetic containing the (R)-4.4-spiro lactam type-II .beta.-turn mimicMichael J. Genin, William H. Ojala, William B. Gleason, and Rodney L. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 8, 2334–2337Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00060a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00060a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
新的机制新的探索—《生态经济：有利于地球的经济构想》中文版序言 (2002)

我在《生态经济：有利于地球的经济构想》的第一章中，写了“中国的启示”一节，来讨论全世界必须向中国学习的那么多东西。中国这样一个世界上的头号人口大国，自从１９８０年起就已经成为全世界经济发展最快的国家。经过二十年的异乎寻常的发展，中国经济已经增长了三倍多。事实上，中国就是历史的缩影，她使我们得以认识到，在很大一部分贫困者迅速富裕起来的时候就会有些什么样的事情发生。中国的经验清楚地表明，西方的工业发展模式对中国来说是不适用的。如果说这一发展模式对中国并不适用，那么对现在也有十亿多人口的印度来说也就并不适用，对发展中世界的另外那二十亿人来说也将同样并不适用。而在一个日益一体化的全球经济中，这一发展模
Hypoxic activation of nuclear factor-kappa B is mediated by a Ras and Raf signaling pathway and does not involve MAP kinase (ERK1 or ERK2). (1994)

We have previously shown that hypoxia causes the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and the phosphorylation of its inhibitory subunit, I kappa B alpha, on tyrosine residues. With the use of dominant negative mutants of Ha-Ras and Raf-1, we investigated some of the early signaling events leading to the activation of NF-kappa B by hypoxia. Both dominant negative alleles of Ha-Ras and Raf-1 inhibited NF-kappa B induction by hypoxia, suggesting that the hypoxia-induced pathway of NF-kappa B induction is dependent on Ras and Raf-1 kinase activity. Furthermore, although conditions of low oxygen can also activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1 and ERK2), these kinases do not appear to be involved in regulating NF-kappa B by low oxygen conditions, as dominant negative mutants of mitogen-activated protein kinase do not inhibit NF-kappa B activation by hypoxia. Since Ras and Raf-1 have been previously shown to work downstream from membrane-associated tyrosine kinases such as Src, we determined if the Src membrane-associated kinase was also activated by low oxygen conditions. We detected an increase in Src proto-oncogene activity within 15-30 min of cellular exposure to hypoxia. We postulate that Src activation by hypoxia may be one of the earliest events that precedes Ras activation in the signaling cascade which ultimately leads to the phosphorylation and dissociation of the inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B, I kappa B alpha.
The Influence of Fibrin Sealant on Demineralized Bone Matrix-Dependent Osteoinduction (1989)

Allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and bone matrix gelatin (BMG) were implanted with or without fibrin sealant (FS) ectopically (abdominal wall) and orthotopically (7-mm trepanation defect) in 38 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Evaluation was done by descriptive histology, histomorphometry of orthotopic implants, and determination of alkaline phosphatase in ectopic implants. The observation period was 21 days with ectopic implantation and 26 days with orthotopic implantation. In all ectopic specimens, new bone developed without any qualitative difference between specimens with and without FS. The alkaline phosphatase activity did not change significantly upon addition of FS. Morphometry revealed slight differences between the groups with and without FS. The peripheral bone deposits in the BMG + FS group, was significantly larger than in the BMG group. These investigations demonstrated neither a clearly positive nor negative effect of FS on ectopic osteoinduction or BMG-dependent osteoregeneration.
Overcoming the Metastasis-Enhancing Potential of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α by Introducing the Cell-Adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp Sequence (1995)

A mutein, F4168, of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) containing the cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence near the N terminus was constructed. In contrast to hTNF-alpha, the mutein had binding activity to B16F10/L5 melanoma cells similar to that of fibronectin or laminin, indicating that the adhesive nature of the RGD sequence is conferred upon hTNF-alpha. Introduction of the RGD sequence did not alter the antitumor potential of hTNF-alpha. Simultaneous injection of F4168 and B16F10/L5 melanoma cells into mice did not enhance metastasis formation in lungs, whereas hTNF-alpha significantly promoted it. Enhancement of spontaneous lymph node metastasis of B16F10/L5 cells was also evident in TNF-alpha- but not in F4168-treated mice. In the spontaneous lymph node metastasis model of MethA fibrosarcoma, F4168 injection inhibited metastasis formation more effectively than hTNF-alpha. B16F10/L5 melanoma cells treated with hTNF-alpha enhanced not only their binding activity to laminin but also their invasive potential into Matrigel, whereas F4168 showed no such enhancement. These results suggest that F4168 is a low-toxicity mutein of hTNF-alpha.
Mutagenesis of a Potential Immunoglobulin-binding Protein-binding Site Enhances Secretion of Coagulation Factor VIII (1997)

Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and factor V are homologous glycoproteins that have a domain structure of A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2. FVIII is a heterodimer of the heavy chain (domains A1-A2-B) and the light chain (domains A3-C1-C2) in a metal ion-dependent association between the A1- and A3-domains. Previous studies identified a 110-amino acid region within the FVIII A1-domain that inhibits its secretion and contains multiple short peptide sequences that have potential to bind immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP). FVIII secretion requires high levels of intracellular ATP, consistent with an ATP-dependent release from BiP. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to elucidate the importance of the potential BiP-binding sites in FVIII secretion. Mutation of Phe at position 309 to Ser or Ala enhanced the secretion of functional FVIII and reduced its ATP dependence. The F309S FVIII had a specific activity, thrombin activation profile, and heat inactivation properties similar to those of wild-type FVIII. However, F309S FVIII displayed increased sensitivity to EDTA-mediated inactivation that is known to occur through metal ion chelation-induced dissociation of the heavy and light chains of FVIII. The results support that Phe309 is important in high affinity heavy and light chain interaction, and this correlates with a high affinity BiP-binding site. Introduction of the F309S mutation into other secretion defective FVIII mutants rescued their secretion, demonstrating the ability of the this mutation to improve secretion of mutant FVIII proteins retained in the cell.
Y-27632, A Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, Inhibits Proliferation and Adrenergic Contraction of Prostatic Smooth Muscle Cells (2003)

To our knowledge we report the first demonstration of the presence of Rho-kinase in prostatic smooth muscle cells, and of the relaxant and antiproliferative effect of a Rho-kinase inhibitor. We suggest a novel use for Rho-kinase inhibitors in the treatment of BPH as a single agent with dual action.
HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN TUMOR VACCINES (1995)

University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294 and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A.
Applying microtremor analysis to identify hydrocarbon reservoirs (2005)

R. Holzner, P. Eschle, H. Zürcher, and M. Lambert of Spectraseis, R. Graf of Proseis, and S. Dangel and P. F. Meier of University of Zurich describe an innovative passive technology for identifying the presence of geological structures containing hydrocarbon by analyzing low frequency seismic signals. They illustrate the method with results from a pilot study in Brazil.
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of the angiogenic switch (2011)

Further research into miR-132-p120RasGAP biology and more broadly, microRNA regulation of Ras pathways in the endothelium will not only advance our understanding of angiogenesis but also provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Paroxysmal itch caused by gain-of-function Nav1.7 mutation (2014)

Itch is a common experience. It can occur in the course of systemic diseases and can be a manifestation of allergies or a consequence of diseases affecting the somatosensory pathway. We describe a kindred characterized by paroxysmal itch caused by a variant in SCN9A gene encoding for the Nav1.7 sodium channel. Patients underwent clinical and somatosensory profile assessment by quantitative sensory testing, nerve conduction study, autonomic cardiovascular reflex, and sympathetic skin response examination, skin biopsy with quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density, and SCN9A mutational analysis. The index patient, her mother, and a sister presented with a stereotypical clinical picture characterized by paroxysmal itch attacks involving the shoulders, upper back, and upper limbs, followed by transient burning pain, and triggered by environmental warmth, hot drinks, and spicy food. Somatosensory profile assessment demonstrated a remarkably identical pattern of increased cold and pain thresholds and paradoxical heat sensation. Autonomic tests were negative, whereas skin biopsy revealed decreased intraepidermal nerve fiber density in 2 of the 3 patients. All affected members harbored the 2215A>G I739V substitution in exon 13 of SCN9A gene. Pregabalin treatment reduced itch intensity and attack frequency in all patients. The co-segregation of the I739V variant in the affected members of the family provides evidence, for the first time, that paroxysmal itch can be related to a mutation in sodium channel gene.
Information processing in dynamical systems: foundations of harmony theory (1986)

Abstract : At this early stage in the development of cognitive science, methodological issues are both open and central. There may have been times when developments in neuroscience, artificial intelligence, or cognitive psychology seduced researchers into believing that their discipline was on the verge of discovering the secret of intelligence. But a humbling history of hopes disappointed has produced the realization that understanding the mind will challenge the power of all these methodologies combined. The work reported in this chapter rests on the conviction that a methodology that has a crucial role to play in the development of cognitive science is mathematical analysis. The success of cognitive science, like that of many other sciences, will, I believe, depend upon the construction of a solid body of theoretical results: results that express in a mathematical language the conceptual insights of the field; results that squeeze all possible implications out of those insights by exploiting powerful mathematical techniques. This body of results, which I will call the theory of information processing, exists because information is a concept that lends itself to mathematical formalization. One part of the theory of information processing is already well-developed. The classical theory of computation provides powerful and elegant results about the notion of effective procedure, including languages for precisely expressing them and theoretical machines for realizing them.
Comparison of Long-Acting Bevacizumab Formulations in the Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Rat Model (2011)

The reduction in CNV area in all treatment subgroups, with the exception of those in group 3, suggests successful creation of the 2 bevacizumab formulations while retaining its active antiangiogenic properties. Further studies varying in dosages and timing of injection and laser are needed to evaluate the formulations' long-acting efficacy.
Electrochemical Insertion of Li and Na Ions into Nanocrystalline Fe[sub 3]O[sub 4] and α-Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3] for Rechargeable Batteries (2009)

powders with different particle sizes on average (400, 100, and ) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. To examine the electrochemical activity of in relation to the particle size effect, galvanostatic cycling tests in aprotic electrolytes containing lithium or sodium ions were conducted. The electrochemical activity was significantly enhanced as the mean particle size decreased. The nanocrystallized prepared by precipitation method delivered of the rechargeable capacity in the voltage range of in a lithium-ion containing electrolyte, whereas the 400 and powders showed 10 and of the rechargeable capacity, respectively. An ex situ X-ray diffraction study for the electrochemically cycled samples suggested the partly reversible Fe ion migration from the tetrahedral sites to the octahedral sites with a retained spinel framework structure. The nanocrystallized as well as were highly electrochemically active in the sodium salt electrolyte. The rechargeable capacity of 160 or with excellent capacity retention was obtained for nanocrystalline or , respectively.
6‐Substituted Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazoles: An Improved Class of CDK2 Inhibitors (2007)

We have recently reported a new class of CDK2/cyclin A inhibitors based on a bicyclic tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole scaffold. The introduction of small alkyl or cycloalkyl groups in position 6 of this scaffold allowed variation at the other two diversity points. Conventional and polymer-assisted solution phase chemistry provided a way of generating compounds with improved biochemical and cellular activity. Optimization of the physical properties and pharmacokinetic profile led to a compound which exhibited good efficacy in vivo on A2780 human ovarian carcinoma.
Phase II study of palliative S-1 in combination with cisplatin as second-line chemotherapy for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer patients (2012)

In this study, we examined the efficacy and toxicity of S-1 with cisplatin as a second-line palliative chemotherapy for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer patients. Patients who had been previously treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy as palliative first-line chemotherapy received S-1/cisplatin [body surface area (BSA) <1.25 m(2), S-1 40 mg/day; BSA ≤1.25 to <1.5 m(2), 50 mg/day; BSA ≥1.5 m(2) 60 mg/day, orally, bid, daily on days 1-14 followed by a 7-day washout and cisplatin 60 mg/m(2)/day intravenously on day 1] every three weeks. The enrollment of 32 patients was planned, but the study was terminated early, prior to the first stage, following the enrollment of 11 patients. The median age of the patients was 56 (range, 42-74) years. Nine patients had a performance status (PS) of one. In total, there were 21 chemotherapy cycles and the median treatment duration was 21 (range, 7-96) days. Of the 11 patients, five could not be evaluated due to discontinuation prior to the response evaluation. One of the six evaluable patients achieved stable disease (9.1% in intention to treat analysis and 16.7% in per-protocol analysis), while five had progressive disease. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicities were anemia in one, neutropenia in one and thrombocytopenia in one cycle. Grade 3-4 nonhematological toxicities were fatigue in three, nausea in four, anorexia in two, diarrhea in one and peripheral neuropathy in two cycles. With a median follow-up period of 8.9 (range, 3.2-11.3) months, the median time to progression was 44 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.4-62.6] and the median overall survival was 81 days (95% CI 9.3-152.7). Combination chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin as applied in this study did not result in promising antitumor activity, a high degree of toxicity and poor compliance.
Properties of a general PK/PD model of antibody-ligand interactions for therapeutic antibodies that bind to soluble endogenous targets (2010)

Antibodies that target endogenous soluble ligands are an important class of biotherapeutic agents. While much focus has been placed on characterization of antibody pharmacokinetics, less emphasis has been given to characterization of antibody effects on their soluble targets. We describe here the properties of a generalized mechanism-based PK/PD model used to characterize the in vivo interaction of an antibody and an endogenous soluble ligand. The assumptions and properties of the model are explored, and situations are described when deviations from the basic assumptions may be necessary. This model is most useful for in vivo situations where both antibody and ligand levels are available following drug administration. For a given antibody exposure, the extent and duration of suppression of free ligand is impacted by the apparent affinity of the interaction, as well as by the rate of ligand turnover. The applicability of the general equilibrium model of in vivo antibody-ligand interaction is demonstrated with an anti-Aß antibody.
Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma-releasate on intervertebral disc degeneration in the rabbit anular puncture model: a preclinical study (2012)

The administration of active PRP-releasate induced a reparative effect on rabbit degenerated IVDs. The results of this study suggest that the use of autologous PRP-releasate is safe and can lead to a clinical application for IVD degeneration.