gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMR-WB+: a New Audio Coding Standard for 3rd Generation Mobile Audio Services (2006)

Highly efficient low-rate audio coding methods are required for new compelling and commercially interesting applications of streaming, messaging and broadcasting services using audio media in 3rd generation mobile communication systems. After an audio codec selection phase, 3GPP has standardized the extended AMR-WB (AMR-WB+) codec that provides a unique performance at very low bit rates from below 10 kbps up to 24 kbps. This paper discusses the requirements imposed by mobile audio services and gives a technology overview of AMR-WB+ as a codec matching these requirements while providing outstanding audio quality.
Secure Cooperative Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage Systems (2014)

Regenerating codes enable trading off repair bandwidth for storage in distributed storage systems (DSS). Due to their distributed nature, these systems are intrinsically susceptible to attacks, and they may also be subject to multiple simultaneous node failures. Cooperative regenerating codes allow bandwidth efficient repair of multiple simultaneous node failures. This paper analyzes storage systems that employ cooperative regenerating codes that are robust to (passive) eavesdroppers. The analysis is divided into two parts, studying both minimum bandwidth and minimum storage cooperative regenerating scenarios. First, the secrecy capacity for minimum bandwidth cooperative regenerating codes is characterized. Second, for minimum storage cooperative regenerating codes, a secure file size upper bound and achievability results are provided. These results establish the secrecy capacity for the minimum storage scenario for certain special cases. In all scenarios, the achievability results correspond to exact repair, and secure file size upper bounds are obtained using min-cut analyses over a suitable secrecy graph representation of DSS. The main achievability argument is based on an appropriate precoding of the data to eliminate the information leakage to the eavesdropper.
Construction and properties of chimeric plasmids in Bacillus subtilis. (1978)

Antibiotic resistance chimeric plasmids have been constructed by in vitro enzymatic manipulation and introduced into Bacillus subtilis by transformation. The parental plasmids used had been introduced into B. subtilis from Staphylococcus aureus by transformation. Of the seven recombinant plasmids constructed using restriction endonucleases, one was made using EcoRI, another using Hpa II, and five with Xba I (from Xanthomonas badrii), demonstrating the utility of the latter enzyme for molecular cloning experiments. Although all of the recombinant plasmids we have made replicate and express their antibiotic resistance characters, three of them have suffered a loss of DNA, either in vitro or, more likely, in vivo. The deletion event in all cases involved one of the two termini used to join the parental plasmids. The plasmid chimeras reported in this paper should prove useful for the study of plasmid replication, incompatibility, and recombination. In addition, the utility of the B. subtilis system for molecular cloning has been clearly illustrated.
Total Synthesis of Halichondrin A, the Missing Member in the Halichondrin Class of Natural Products (2014)

A total synthesis of halichondrin A, the phantom member in the halichondrin class of natural products, is reported. The highlights of synthesis include: (1) synthesis of C1-C19 building block 6b via a catalytic asymmetric Cr-mediated coupling of 12 and 13b; (2) synthesis of the right-half of 19 via an asymmetric Ni/Cr-mediated coupling, followed by base-induced furan formation, and Shiina macrolactonization; (3) synthesis of enone 20 via Ni/Cr-mediated coupling of 5 with 19, followed by oxidation; (4) synthesis of halichondrin A from 20, with use of a newly discovered, highly selective TMSOTf-mediated equilibration of C38-epi-halichondrin A to halichondrin A. Two pieces of evidence are presented unambiguously to establish the structure of halichondrin A thus synthesized: one is the synthesis of norhalichondrin A (24) from 19 and 23, and the other is the study of the proton chemical shift difference between synthetic halichondrin A and known members of this class of natural products.
Autonomous State Estimation in Formation Flight (2007)

Formation flying missions are extremely demanding in terms of control accuracy, as spacecraft should satisfy strict requirements when following a desired reference trajectory. The fulfillment of the missions' goals usually asks for expensive thrust actions. In order to reduce the otherwise too large DeltaV budget, an optimization of the control strategy is needed, which can be achieved only by providing to the regulator logic the most accurate knowledge of the current kinematic state of the formation. Several different kinds of sensors can be exploited, as satellite based navigation systems (both GPS and augmented (SBAS) GPS), different RF links specific to the mission, and optical techniques. All of these devices are intrinsically limited by noise, even if at a different level, and therefore a filtering action should be pursued in order to obtain the best possible estimate. This paper proposes to compare several possible strategies to improve the state estimation, all of them based on different implementations of a classical tool known as the Kalman filter. Orbital dynamics describing formation flying motion is nonlinear and hard to model in its perturbation effects. Previous works have shown that a first improvement can be achieved if the dynamical plant used for the state and error covariance update is designed so to include perturbation effects, mainly the J2 effect. Because it is possible that linear Kalman filtering might not be the optimal solution, enhanced versions of the filter will be therefore considered. The Extended Kalman Filter is certainly one of the most well known: its use allows for a mitigation of the problem of linearization of the dynamics, even if it introduces open questions about its convergence and its robustness. A complete analysis of the possible causes of malfunctioning is performed. First, the effects of increased error on the available measurements are analyzed and compared with the behaviour of a Linear Filter, showing good agreement. Then, robustness with respect to increasing formation dimensions and poor initial guess accuracy is investigated; the Extended Kalman Filter offers good stability properties in the formation flying case: the only strict requirement for proper filter behavior is that the measurements' update rate be quite frequent. A reference should be always made to the limited resources available on board, which dictate, together with performance requirements, the selection of the optimal approach. Simulations are carried on with an accurate modeling of the orbital environment and a sample of typical formation flying reference orbit and relative desired behaviour.
A novel p38α MAPK inhibitor suppresses brain proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation and attenuates synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model (2007)

The p38 alpha MAPK pathway is quantitatively important in the A beta-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampus, and brain p38 alpha MAPK is a viable molecular target for future development of potential disease-modifying therapeutics in AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
Randomized phase 2 trial of polatuzumab vedotin (pola) with bendamustine and rituximab (BR) in relapsed/refractory (r/r) FL and DLBCL. (2018)

7507 Background: Pola is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD79b+ cells in B-NHL. Early results led to FDA breakthrough therapy status and EMA PRIME designation. We now report combined results for safety and efficacy from the randomized r/r FL and DLBCL cohorts of a phase 1b/2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02257567). Methods: 80 FL and 80 DLBCL transplant-ineligible patients (pts) were randomized 1:1 to pola 1.8 mg/kg + BR (B: 90mg/m2 x 2 days; R: 375mg/m2) or BR for 6 cycles (q28 days FL, q21 days DLBCL). Primary endpoint: PET-CR, 6–8 weeks after treatment end, by independent review committee (IRC) using modified Lugano criteria. Results: For FL pts (pola+BR v BR), median age was 65 v 63 years, both arms had median 2 prior therapies, 41% v 42% were refractory to last therapy, and 64% v 37% had FLIPI 3–5. At 24 Oct 17, median follow up was 15 months. DLBCL characteristics and follow up were previously described (Sehn, ASH 2017). The most common grade 3–5 AEs higher in pola+BR v BR were cytopenias, febrile neutropenia, and infections. SAEs higher in pola+BR v BR were febrile neutropenia (FL, DLBCL) and infection (FL). Grade 5 AE rates were similar between treatment arms: 5% (FL) and 18% (DLBCL). PET-CR and PFS were similar between FL arms. In DLBCL, pola+BR showed significantly higher PET-CR rates (p = 0.012) and longer median (m) PFS (p < 0.0001) and mOS (p = 0.0008) (Table). In DLBCL, longer PFS and OS were seen for pola+BR in 2nd-line (2L), 3rd-line plus (3L+), relapsed, and refractory pts. mPFS (pola+BR v BR [months]): 2L (11.1 v 3.7), 3L+ (6.0 v 2.0), relapsed (11.1 v 5.1), refractory (6.0 v 1.9). mOS: 2L (not reached [NR] v 5.9), 3L+ (11.5 v 3.8), relapsed (NR, NR), refractory (11.5 v 3.8). Conclusions: The toxicity of pola+BR was manageable. In FL, pola+BR did not improve PET-CR rate; longer follow up is necessary to assess survival. In contrast, in DLBCL, pola+BR led to significantly higher PET-CR rates and notably longer PFS and OS v BR regardless of prior treatment status. Clinical trial information: NCT02257567.Efficacy (ITT). FL DLBCL Pola+BR (N = 39) BR (N = 41) Pola+BR (N = 40) BR (N = 40) IRC PET-CR, % 69 63 40 15 Median PFS, months (95% CI) 17 (13.4, NR) 17.3 (12.5, NR) 6.7 (4.9, 11.1) 2 (1.5, 3.7) Median OS, months (95%CI) NR NR 11.8 (9.5, NR) 4.7 (3.7, 8.3)
The collagen structure of bovine intervertebral disc studied using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2004)

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is used to measure the birefringence properties of bovine intervertebral disc and equine flexor tendon. For equine tendon the birefringence delta n is (6.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3) at a wavelength of 1.3 microm. This is somewhat larger than the values reported for bovine tendon. The surface region of the annulus fibrosus of a freshly excised intact bovine intervertebral disc displays an identical value of birefringence, delta n = (6.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-3) at 1.3 microm. The nucleus pulposus does not display birefringence, the measured apparent value of delta n = (0.39 +/- 0.01) x 10(-3) being indistinguishable from the effects of depolarization due to multiple scattering. A clear difference is found between the depth-resolved retardance of equine tendon and that of bovine intervertebral disc. This apparently relates to the lamellar structure of the latter tissue, in which the collagen fibre orientation alternates between successive lamellae. A semi-empirical model based on Jones calculus shows that the measurements are in reasonable agreement with previous optical and x-ray data. These results imply that PS-OCT could be a useful tool to study collagen organization within the intervertebral disc in vitro and possibly in vivo and its variation with applied load and disease.
Model-based reconstruction of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (2013)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Hematopoiesis on nylon mesh templates. I. Long-term culture of rat bone marrow cells. (1987)

Rodent hematopoietic cells have been perpetuated in long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC), provided that they were plated onto a pre-established layer of bone marrow stromal cells (fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipocytes, macrophages, etc.). This monolayer-type system supports the self-renewal of murine pluripotent stem cells and produces substantial numbers of progenitors and mature cells of the myeloid lineage. In an effort to increase the growth potential of cells in LTBMC, an adherent matrix of stromal cells was established on a pretreated nylon screen template. Subsequent seeding of hematopoietic cells onto this matrix occurred both on the surface of the adherent layer and in the interstices formed by the developing stromal cells. A three dimensional growth pattern of hematopoietic colonies and clusters was observed. Mature cells and late stage precursors of the myeloid and erythroid series were observed in the non-adherent layer for the duration of the experiment (39 weeks). Cells similar in appearance to small lymphocytes were also seen in both the non-adherent and adherent layers. Cells associated with the adherent layer of this LTBMC system displayed the ability to reconstitute hematopoiesis in the irradiated host. It is suggested that because of its three-dimensional nature the nylon mesh LTBMC system possesses a greater hematologic potential per unit area than monolayer-type LTBMC.
Nuclear Glucocorticoid Binding in Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Lymphocytes (1978)

A reliable procedure is described for isolating 3H-triamcinolone acetonide (3H-TA) receptor complexes from purified chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) lymphocyte nuclei, based on the use of carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanine (CBZ-L-phe) to prevent breakdown of hormone-receptor complexes during extraction of nuclei with 0.6M KC1. Using this method, specific nuclear glucocorticoid binding was demonstrated in 14/14 patients with untreated CLL. No correlation was found between levels of nuclearassociated 3H-TA and peripheral white blood cell count or rosetting ability of circulating lymphocytes.
The VA-Cyberware lower limb prosthetics-orthotics optical laser digitizer. (1995)

Characterization of the residual limbs and limb segments of patients for prosthesis and orthosis design has principally been a subjective process, highly dependent upon the skill, level of training, and experience of the prosthetist/orthotist involved. Even with the application of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies in prosthetics and orthotics, residual limb/limb segment characterization has remained substantially subjective and dependent upon prosthetist/orthotist skill, training, and experience. To eliminate the variations and errors that frequently occur because of this dependence, and to further quantify the patient measurement process, rehabilitation engineering researchers at the New York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center developed an optical laser digitizer for quantitative characterization of patients' residual limbs'/limb segments' spatial geometry and surface topography. The optical digitizer developed is described, and results of laboratory and clinical tests with the digitizer are presented. Examples showing the capability of the digitizer to accurately, rapidly, repeatably, and consistently capture the contours over the entire surfaces of the residual limbs of patients with below-knee (BK) and above-knee (AK) amputation, the lower limbs of orthotics patients, and the feet and ankles of pedorthics patients, are given. In addition, results of a comparative clinical study of optical digitization and standard prosthetics CAD plaster wrap cast electromechanical digitization of the residual limbs of subjects with BK and AK amputation are presented. The enhanced accuracy, repeatability, and consistency afforded by optical digitization are shown. Finally, areas for refinement of the optical digitizer's design, identified in the project's laboratory and clinical tests, are discussed.
Scaling Distributed Machine Learning with In-Network Aggregation (2019)

Training machine learning models in parallel is an increasingly important workload. We accelerate distributed parallel training by designing a communication primitive that uses a programmable switch dataplane to execute a key step of the training process. Our approach, SwitchML, reduces the volume of exchanged data by aggregating the model updates from multiple workers in the network. We co-design the switch processing with the end-host protocols and ML frameworks to provide an efficient solution that speeds up training by up to 5.5$\times$ for a number of real-world benchmark models.
Heterogeneous immunoassays using magnetic beads on a digital microfluidic platform (2008)

A digital microfluidic platform for performing heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays based on efficient handling of magnetic beads is presented in this paper. This approach is based on manipulation of discrete droplets of samples and reagents using electrowetting without the need for channels where the droplets are free to move laterally. Droplet-based manipulation of magnetic beads therefore does not suffer from clogging of channels. Immunoassays on a digital microfluidic platform require the following basic operations: bead attraction, bead washing, bead retention, and bead resuspension. Several parameters such as magnetic field strength, pull force, position, and buffer composition were studied for effective bead operations. Dilution-based washing of magnetic beads was demonstrated by immobilizing the magnetic beads using a permanent magnet and splitting the excess supernatant using electrowetting. Almost 100% bead retention was achieved after 7776-fold dilution-based washing of the supernatant. Efficient resuspension of magnetic beads was achieved by transporting a droplet with magnetic beads across five electrodes on the platform and exploiting the flow patterns within the droplet to resuspend the beads. All the magnetic-bead droplet operations were integrated together to generate standard curves for sandwich heterogeneous immunoassays on human insulin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with a total time to result of 7 min for each assay.
Low Energy Electron‐Enhanced Etching of GaN/Si in Hydrogen Direct Current Plasma (1996)

We have demonstrated low energy electron‐enhanced etching (LE4) of 1.0 μm thick films of GaN on (100) Si substrates with good anisotropy. The etch rate increased from 70 to 525 Å/min as the sample temperature increased from 50 to 250°C. Auger spectra indicated that surface stoichiometry was essentially unchanged during LE4 at process temperatures below 100°C; samples etched at higher temperatures showed excess gallium at the surface.
Effect of fabric substrate and coating material on the quality of conductive printing (2012)

This paper reports an investigation into the effect of fabric substrates and coating materials on the electrical and mechanical performance of printed antennas. Inductively coupled antennas were printed on fabrics using silver ink. To assure printability and protection, a printing structure was configured, consisting of surface coating, conductive printing, and protective coating. In order to simulate a realistic situation, three fabric substrates (denim, broadcloth, and single jersey) were selected from woven and knit fabrics for everyday wear. Three coating materials (acrylic, polyurethane, and silicone) were chosen from conventional conformal coating materials for printed circuit boards. Experimental results verified that fabric substrates can be selected to fit specific end-use application since it is shown that antenna performance was not significantly affected. Silicone coating is suggested to support antenna performance since this gave the least impairment in the fabrics as mechanical performance.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (2007)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 53616.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Syntheses and activities of some bactobolin derivatives. (1992)

Some derivatives of bactobolin were prepared from bactobolin by dehydration or substitution reactions through tris(dimethylamino)alkoxyphosphonium salt formation. A derivative with low toxicity, 6-deoxybactobolin, showed moderate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer and Nonmyeloablative Conditioning: Studies in a Murine X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease Model (2002)

Our laboratory has reported the correction of neutrophil NADPH oxidase function by retroviral-mediated gene transfer (RMGT) in murine X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). Few studies, however, have used nonmyeloablative conditioning in conjunction with RMGT. Promising methods of decreased intensity conditioning include low dose irradiation and antimetabolite conditioning. Preliminary studies using syngeneic mice transplanted with fresh marrow cells indicate that high levels of donor cell chimerism can be achieved with low-dose radiation or 5-fluorouracil-based conditioning regimens. Early data from experiments in which low-dose radiation-conditioned X-CGD recipients were transplanted with retrovirus-transduced X-CGD marrow cells show that gene-corrected neutrophils can be detected by NBT assay for NADPH oxidase activity reconstitution 4 months posttransplant, although these levels are much lower than the 50%-70% gene-corrected cell detected in lethally irradiated recipients. Transplantation of retrovirus-transduced marrow cells into 5-fluorouracil conditioned hosts is also being explored.
Modulation of 5-Lipoxygenase in Proteotoxicity and Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

The accumulation of intracellular β amyloid (Aβ) may be one of the factors leading to neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a pyrazole called CNB-001, which was selected for its ability to reduce intracellular Aβ, we show that the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 arm of the unfolded protein response is sufficient to degrade aggregated intracellular Aβ. CNB-001 is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), decreases 5-LOX expression, and increases proteasome activity. 5-LOX inhibition induces eIF2α and PERK (protein kinase R-like extracellular signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation, and HSP90 and ATF4 levels. When fed to AD transgenic mice, CNB-001 also increases eIF2α phosphorylation and HSP90 and ATF4 levels, and limits the accumulation of soluble Aβ and ubiquitinated aggregated proteins. Finally, CNB-001 maintains the expression of synapse-associated proteins and improves memory. Therefore, 5-LOX metabolism is a key element in the promotion of endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, and its inhibition under conditions of stress is sufficient to reduce proteotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro.
Molecular cloning of the human mucosal lymphocyte integrin alpha E subunit. Unusual structure and restricted RNA distribution. (1994)

The human mucosal lymphocyte-1 (HML-1) antigen is expressed on a subclass of T-lymphocytes known as intra-epithelial lymphocytes which are located between mucosal epithelial cells. The HML-1 complex is known to mediate adhesion of intra-epithelial T-lymphocytes to epithelial cell monolayers in vitro. We and others have shown that the HML-1 antigen is an integrin composed of the beta 7 subunit in association with a novel alpha subunit, alpha E. Here we report the cloning of the alpha E cDNA and its primary amino acid sequence. alpha E contained an inserted or I domain and was more homologous to the other I domain containing integrins than to the cleaved group of integrin alpha subunits. However, alpha E contained a unique extra domain of 55 amino acids located just NH2-terminal to the I domain without counterpart in other integrins. This extra domain contained a stretch of 18 consecutive charged residues and included a proteolytic cleavage site. Thus alpha E is the only I domain containing integrin alpha subunit that is also cleaved, and the cleavage site is distinct from that of members of the cleaved group of integrin alpha subunits. These structural features mark alpha E as an unusual member of the integrin family. High levels of alpha E and beta 7 mRNA were restricted to mucosal lymphocytes supporting the hypothesis that alpha E beta 7 plays a role in the localization or site-specific functions of intra-epithelial T-lymphocytes.