gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in lactoferrin and other proteins in a case of chronic recurrent parotitis (1978)

Abstract Parotid fluid samples from an individual with chronic recurring parotitis were collected during acute exacerbation and then at various stages of recovery. The samples were serially examined for: (a) lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme concentration, (b) concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin and transferrin, (c) amylase activity and protein pattern on acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, (d) myeloperoxidase (MPO). The most dramatic protein changes occurred during the initial exacerbation with a more than 20‐fold increase in total protein, because of an influx of serum proteins, Lf, lysozyme and MPO. By 5 days following the exacerbation the protein concentration was only two times normal; serum proteins were still evident but intrinsic salivary proteins were the major components; Lf, and to a lesser extent lysozyme, were still elevated; MPO was no longer detected. By day 11 , total protein concentration was nearly normal; only albumin and Lf were modestly elevated. The elevation in Lf concentration during this period was accompanied by a shift in its apparent molecular weight. A polymeric form of Lf, observed during the acute stage, changed to what appeared to be a dimeric and then a monomeric form as the inflammatory process subsided. At day 79 , parotid fluid chemistry was normal in almost all respects; only a slight elevation in albumin suggested any residual pathology.
Efficient frequency doubling of 1.5 μm femtosecond laser pulses in quasi-phase-matched optical fibers (1998)

Second-order nonlinear gratings in optical fibers have been produced for efficient quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion around 1.5 μm. Periodic poling was achieved by defining a patterned electrode on a D-shape fiber via standard lithography and applying high voltage (4–5 kV) at elevated temperature (270–280 °C). This fabrication technique has allowed us to produce gratings uniform over 7.5 cm, as indicated by the shape and the bandwidth of the phase-matching curve. By frequency doubling ∼100 fs pulses in a grating ∼4 cm long and with a period of 57.15 μm, ∼1.05 mW average power at 768 nm has been generated, with an average conversion efficiency ∼1.2%.
A general approach to the synthesis of 1,6-dicarbonyl substrates. New applications of base-accelerated oxy-Cope rearrangements (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general approach to the synthesis of 1,6-dicarbonyl substrates. New applications of base-accelerated oxy-Cope rearrangementsDavid A. Evans, David J. Baillargeon, and John V. NelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7, 2242–2244Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00475a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00475a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views849Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organization of Glutamate Receptors at the Synapse (1997)

Glutamate receptors can be divided in several groups with distinct functional properties. An additional level of complexity has emerged from recent high resolution immunogold analyses which have provided evidence for a differential targeting of glutamate receptors to specific subsynaptic membrane domains. Notably, different types of glutamate receptor may differ in their distance to the release site and in their spatial relation to glutamate transporters. These data imply that the subsynaptic expression of a given glutamate receptor may bias its response to a released quantum of transmitter and suggest that receptor targeting may be implicated in the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Mo[N(t-Bu)(Ar)]3Complexes As Catalyst Precursors:  In Situ Activation and Application to Metathesis Reactions of Alkynes and Diynes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMo[N(t-Bu)(Ar)]3 Complexes As Catalyst Precursors: In Situ Activation and Application to Metathesis Reactions of Alkynes and DiynesAlois Fürstner, Christian Mathes, and Christian W. LehmannView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 40, 9453–9454Publication Date (Web):September 23, 1999Publication History Received26 April 1999Published online23 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991340rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991340rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3669Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Additives,Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis Get e-Alerts
Nitric oxide synthase isozymes. Characterization, purification, molecular cloning, and functions. (1994)

Three isozymes of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) have been identified and the cDNAs for these enzymes isolated. In humans, isozymes I (in neuronal and epithelial cells), II (in cytokine-induced cells), and III (in endothelial cells) are encoded for by three different genes located on chromosomes 12, 17, and 7, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the human isozymes show less than 59% identity. Across species, amino acid sequences for each isoform are well conserved (> 90% for isoforms I and III, > 80% for isoform II). All isoforms use L-arginine and molecular oxygen as substrates and require the cofactors NADPH, 6(R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and flavin mononucleotide. They all bind calmodulin and contain heme. Isoform I is constitutively present in central and peripheral neuronal cells and certain epithelial cells. Its activity is regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Its functions include long-term regulation of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, central regulation of blood pressure, smooth muscle relaxation, and vasodilation via peripheral nitrergic nerves. It has also been implicated in neuronal death in cerebrovascular stroke. Expression of isoform II of NO synthase can be induced with lipopolysaccharide and cytokines in a multitude of different cells. Based on sequencing data there is no evidence for more than one inducible isozyme at this time. NO synthase II is not regulated by Ca2+; it produces large amounts of NO that has cytostatic effects on parasitic target cells by inhibiting iron-containing enzymes and causing DNA fragmentation. Induced NO synthase II is involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases and septic shock. Isoform III of NO synthase has been found mostly in endothelial cells. It is constitutively expressed, but expression can be enhanced, eg, by shear stress. Its activity is regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. NO from endothelial cells keeps blood vessels dilated, prevents the adhesion of platelets and white cells, and probably inhibits vascular smooth muscle proliferation.
Increasing Dietary Leucine Intake Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Glucose and Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice via Multimechanisms (2007)

Leucine, as an essential amino acid and activator of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), promotes protein synthesis and suppresses protein catabolism. However, the effect of leucine on overall glucose and energy metabolism remains unclear, and whether leucine has beneficial effects as a long-term dietary supplement has not been examined. In the present study, we doubled dietary leucine intake via leucine-containing drinking water in mice with free excess to either a rodent chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). While it produced no major metabolic effects in chow-fed mice, increasing leucine intake resulted in up to 32% reduction of weight gain (P < 0.05) and a 25% decrease in adiposity (P < 0.01) in HFD-fed mice. The reduction of adiposity resulted from increased resting energy expenditure associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein 3 in brown and white adipose tissues and in skeletal muscle, while food intake was not decreased. Increasing leucine intake also prevented HFD-induced hyperglycemia, which was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, decreased plasma concentrations of glucagon and glucogenic amino acids, and downregulation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. Additionally, plasma levels of total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by 27% (P < 0.001) and 53% (P < 0.001), respectively, in leucine supplemented HFD-fed mice compared with the control mice fed the same diet. The reduction in cholesterol levels was largely independent of leucine-induced changes in adiposity. In conclusion, increases in dietary leucine intake substantially decrease diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in mice with ad libitum consumption of HFD likely via multiple mechanisms.
Designing Adsorbents for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas-Hyperbranched Aminosilicas Capable of Capturing CO2 Reversibly (2008)

Carbon dioxide adsorption from a simulated flue gas stream was successfully performed with a hyperbranched aminosilica (HAS) material. The HAS was synthesized by a one-step reaction, spontaneous aziridine ring-opening polymerization off of surface silanols, to form a 32 wt % organic/inorganic hybrid material. The adsorption measurements were performed in a fixed-bed flow reactor using humidified CO2. The advantage of this adsorbent over previously reported adsorbents is the stability of the organic groups covalently bound to the silica support compared to those made by physisorbed methods. Furthermore, a large CO2 capacity (∼3 mmol CO2/g adsorbent) associated with the high loading of amines was observed.
RhoC is dispensable for embryogenesis and tumor initiation but essential for metastasis (2005)

The Rho proteins are Ras-related guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that function in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, and stress fiber and focal adhesion formation. Overexpression of RhoC enhances the ability of melanoma cells to exit the blood and colonize the lungs. However, in vivo confirmation of RhoC's role in metastasis has awaited a RhoC-deficient mouse model. Here we report the generation of RhoC-deficient mice and show that RhoC is dispensable for embryonic and post-natal development. We demonstrate that loss of RhoC does not affect tumor development but decreases tumor cell motility and metastatic cell survival leading to a drastic inhibition of metastasis.
Phylogenetic relationship and geographic distribution of multiple human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II subtypes (1995)

The current env-based subtyping of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) identifies only two heterogenetic groups, HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. To better understand the genetic diversity and phylogeny of HTLV-II, we examined the most divergent genomic region of HTLV-II, the long terminal repeat, by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis. Long terminal repeat sequences were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR and digested with seven restriction endonucleases that differentiated HTLV-II into five HTLV-IIa (IIa0 to IIa4) and six HTLV-IIb (IIb0 to IIb5) restriction types, with HTLV-IIa0 and HTLV-IIb0 being prototypes for the MoT and NRA isolates, respectively. We examined 169 HTLV-II-infected samples, including 123 from blood donors and intravenous drug users (IDU) from the Americas, 16 from IDU from Europe, and 30 from Amerindians. Of the 169 samples, 109 (64.5%) were categorized as HTLV-IIa and 60 (35.5%) were categorized as HTLV-IIb. The predominant restriction types seen among the U.S. blood donors and U.S. IDU were IIa0 (68.7%) and IIb4 (10.4%). Four Spanish and seven Italian samples were IIb4, while five Norwegian samples were IIa2. Twelve Guaymi and all ten Seminole samples were single restriction types (IIb1 and IIb5, respectively), whereas the two Navajo and six Pueblo samples had a mixture of restriction types IIa0, IIa4, and IIb5. Of the HTLV-IIb restriction types observed in the U.S. non-Indians, 42.8% appear to have originated from the North Amerindian (IIb5), while 57.2% were similar to the European IIb4 restriction type. Sequences of 15 selected HTLV-II samples were determined and phylogenetically compared with 7 previously published HTLV-II LTR sequences. The derived topologies revealed three HTLV-IIa phylogroups (A-I to A-III) and four HTLV-IIb phylogroups (B-I to B-IV). Furthermore, the HTLV-IIa phylogroups appear to have evolved from the HTLV-IIb phylogroups. In the HTLV-IIa cluster, a Navajo (A-I) and a Brazilian (A-II) sequence formed separate phylogroups, while the remaining IIa sequences formed a single phylogroup (A-III). The four HTLV-IIb phylogroups were represented predominantly by a New York IDU (B-I), European IDU (B-II), North Amerindian and NRA (B-III), and Central Guaymi Indian (B-IV) sequence(s). Comparison of the phylogenetic data with the RFLP results revealed that results of the two methods correlated completely, demonstrating the ability of the RFLP method to predict the phylogroup of HTLV-II-infected samples accurately and quickly. GENBANK/U10258
Mesenchymal Cells of the Intestinal Lamina Propria (2011)

The mesenchymal elements of the intestinal lamina propria reviewed here are the myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, mural cells (pericytes) of the vasculature, bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells, smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosae, and smooth muscle surrounding the lymphatic lacteals. These cells share similar marker molecules, origins, and coordinated biological functions previously ascribed solely to subepithelial myofibroblasts. We review the functional anatomy of intestinal mesenchymal cells and describe what is known about their origin in the embryo and their replacement in adults. As part of their putative role in intestinal mucosal morphogenesis, we consider the intestinal stem cell niche. Lastly, we review emerging information about myofibroblasts as nonprofessional immune cells that may be important as an alarm system for the gut and as a participant in peripheral immune tolerance.
CYCLOHEXENE NUCLEIC ACIDS (CeNA) FORM STABLE DUPLEXES WITH RNA AND INDUCE RNASE H ACTIVITY (2001)

Cyclohexene nucleic acids (CeNA) were synthesized using classical phosporamidite chemistry. Incorporation of a cyclohexene nucleo-side in a DNA chain leads to an increase in stability of the DNA/RNA duplex. CeNA is stable against degradation in serum. A CeNA/RNA hybrid is able to activate E. Coli RNase H. resulting in cleavage of the RNA strand.
Vault Nanocapsule Dissociation into Halves Triggered at Low pH (2007)

Vaults are self-assembled ribonucleoprotein nanocapsules that consist of multiple copies of three proteins (major vault protein, VPARP, and TEP1) and an untranslated RNA. Although their function has not been determined, vaults are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. This study describes the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS), and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as tools in investigating recombinant vault conformational change in response to a varied solution pH. Identification of conditions for reversible vault disassembly and reassembly could enable application of these nanocapsules in drug delivery and in nanomaterials synthesis. Initial monitoring of changes in the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of vaults showed a 60% increase at pH 3.4 compared to that at pH 6.5, suggesting vaults exhibit a more open conformation at low pH. Fluorescence quenching studies provided further evidence of a vault structural change at low pH. MALLS data suggested a decrease in molecular mass accompanied by a clear increase in the radius of gyration as the solution pH was shifted from 6.5 to 3.4. This result prompted the hypothesis that vaults dissociate at least partially at low pH. Using the QCM to study adsorption of the vault onto self-assembled monolayers, data that suggest vault dissociation at low pH, even when the vault is in an adsorbed state, were also obtained. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of negatively stained vaults at pH 6.5 and 3.4 confirmed the fluorescence spectroscopy, MALLS, and QCM findings by providing visual evidence that vaults disassemble into halves as the solution pH is lowered from 6.5 to 3.4.
Paper Chromatography of Steroids1 (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPaper Chromatography of Steroids1David Kritchevsky and Martha R. KirkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 18, 4484–4486Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01138a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (361 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Differential phylogenetic expansions in BAHD acyltransferases across five angiosperm taxa and evidence of divergent expression among Populus paralogues (2011)

Differential, taxon-specific BAHD family expansion via gene duplication could be an evolutionary process contributing to metabolic diversity across plant taxa. Gene expression divergence among some Populus paralogues highlights possible distinctions between their biochemical and physiological functions. The newly discovered motifs, especially the clade-specific motifs, should facilitate future functional study of substrate and donor specificity among BAHD enzymes.
Protection by N-acetylcysteine against pulmonary endothelial cell damage induced by oxidant injury (1993)

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against oxidant lung injury was investigated in a model of acute immunological alveolitis in the rat. Intrapulmonary immune complex deposition into rat lungs, induced by intratracheal infusion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibodies and intravenous injection of the antigen, caused lung damage associated with a marked decrease in [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine ([14C]5HT) uptake capacity, taken as a biochemical marker of endothelial cell function. The oral administration of a single dose of NAC (2 mmol.kg-1) 60 min before antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) treatment was effective in preventing pulmonary endothelial cell [14C]5HT uptake loss induced by immune complex deposition. The mechanisms involved in this lung protective action of NAC were investigated by studying the antioxidant activity of NAC on hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced lung damage in vitro, and the effectiveness of the drug as lung glutathione (reduced form) (GSH) precursor in diethylmaleate-depleted rats. The results obtained provide further evidence on the ability of NAC to reduce the susceptibility of lung tissue to free radical-induced damage, by potentiating the antioxidant defence systems.
EGF stimulates proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells: involvement of Ca2+ influx and p44/42 MAPKs (2005)

We examined the effect of EGF on the proliferation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and their related signal pathways. EGF increased [3H]thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. EGF stimulated the phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase with AG-1478 or herbimycin A, inhibition of PLC with neomycin or U-73122, inhibition of PKC with bisindolylmaleimide I or staurosporine, and inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels with nifedipine or methoxyverapamil prevented EGF-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation. PKC-alpha, -betaI, -gamma, -delta, and -zeta were translocated to the membrane and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was increased in response to EGF. Moreover, inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase, PLC, and PKC completely prevented EGF-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. EGF also increased inositol phosphate levels, which were blocked by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, EGF rapidly increased formation of H2O2, and pretreatment with antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) inhibited EGF-induced increase of [Ca2+]i. In addition, we observed that p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation by EGF and inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase, PLC, PKC, or Ca2+ channels blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPKs. Inhibition of p44/42 MAPKs with PD-98059 (MEK inhibitor) attenuated EGF-induced increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Finally, inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase, PKC, Ca2+ channels, or p44/42 MAPKs attenuated EGF-stimulated cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, and CDK4, respectively. In conclusion, EGF partially stimulates proliferation of mouse ES cells via PLC/PKC, Ca2+ influx, and p44/42 MAPK signal pathways through EGFR tyrosine kinase phosphorylation.
EPA considers reducing toxics release reporting (2006)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering three rule changes that would reduce the frequency and thresholds for reporting of toxic chemical releases by industrial facilities. The EPAs Toxics Release Inventory, established in 1988, contains information on about 650 chemicals released by various industries. Available online, the database is searchable by zip code and is used by a wide range of individuals, including scientists, emergency responders, and conservationists.