gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-12 Is Required for Control of the Growth of Attenuated Aromatic-Compound-Dependent Salmonellae in BALB/c Mice: Role of Gamma Interferon and Macrophage Activation (1998)

The attenuated S. typhimurium SL3261 (aroA) strain causes mild infections in BALB/c mice. We were able to exacerbate the disease by administering anti-interleukin-12 (IL-12) antibodies, resulting in bacterial counts in the spleens and livers of anti-IL-12-treated mice that were 10- to 100-fold higher than the ones normally observed in premortem mice; yet the animals showed only mild signs of illness. Nevertheless, they eventually died of a slow, progressive disease. Mice infected with salmonellae become hypersusceptible to endotoxin. We found that IL-12 neutralization prevented the death of infected mice following subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide. Granulomatous lesions developed in the spleens and livers of control animals, as opposed to a widespread infiltration of mononuclear cells seen in the organs of anti-IL-12-treated mice. In the latter (heavily infected), salmonellae were seen within mononuclear cells, indicating an impairment of the bactericidal or bacteriostatic ability of the phagocytes in the absence of biologically active IL-12. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) levels were reduced in the sera and tissue homogenates from anti-IL-12-treated mice compared to those in control animals. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis on spleen cells showed that IL-12 neutralization impaired the upregulation of I-Ad/I-Ed antigens on macrophages from infected mice. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and IFN-gamma mRNA production was down-regulated in anti-IL-12-treated mice, which also showed an increased production of IL-10 mRNA and a decrease in nitric oxide synthase activity in the tissues. Administration of recombinant IFN-gamma to anti-IL-12-treated mice was able to restore host resistance, granuloma formation, and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens in F4/80(+) and CD11b+ spleen cells.
Structure of mouse type IV collagen. Amino-acid sequence of the C-terminal 511-residue-long triple-helical segment of the alpha2(IV) chain and its comparison with the alpha1(IV) chain (1986)

The sequence of 511 residues from the C-terminal portion of the triple helix of mouse alpha 2(IV) chain was determined by using the pepsin fragment P2 of collagen IV and two cDNA clones selected from an Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor library. The sequence contains nine interruptions of the triplet repeat Gly-Xaa-Yaa ranging in size from single insertions or deletions up to stretches of eleven amino acid residues. Five of these interruptions match those present in the homologous segment of the alpha 1(IV) chain but are otherwise different in length and/or sequence. A low homology was found for the triplet regions of the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chain which constitute more than 90% of the sequence. The data indicate a remote evolutionary relationship of the triple-helical sequences of the two constituent chains of basement membrane collagen.
Electronic Microsystems for Handling of Rare Cells (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This review paper summarizes some of the most challenging issues regarding the development of electronic microsystems for the isolation, manipulation, and characterization of rare cells. Two relevant areas, namely, immunology for cancer therapy and monitoring of microbial contaminants in water, are presented as example applications which require handling of rare cells. Starting from these applications, the state of the art in electronic microsystem research is presented, and various solutions are discussed, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and suggesting the need to integrate multiple solutions to meet the application requirements. </para>
Room temperature Cu–Cu direct bonding using surface activated bonding method (2003)

Thin copper (Cu) films of 80 nm thickness deposited on a diffusion barrier layered 8 in. silicon wafers were directly bonded at room temperature using the surface activated bonding method. A low energy Ar ion beam of 40–100 eV was used to activate the Cu surface prior to bonding. Contacting two surface-activated wafers enables successful Cu–Cu direct bonding. The bonding process was carried out under an ultrahigh vacuum condition. No thermal annealing was required to increase the bonding strength since the bonded interface was strong enough at room temperature. The chemical constitution of the Cu surface was examined by Auger electron spectroscope. It was observed that carbon-based contaminations and native oxides on copper surface were effectively removed by Ar ion beam irradiation for 60 s without any wet cleaning processes. An atomic force microscope study shows that the Ar ion beam process causes no surface roughness degradation. Tensile test results show that high bonding strength equivalent to bulk material is achieved at room temperature. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscope observations reveal the presence of void-free bonding interface without intermediate layer at the bonded Cu surfaces.
FTY720, a Novel Immunosuppressant, Induces Sequestration of Circulating Mature Lymphocytes by Acceleration of Lymphocyte Homing in Rats. I. FTY720 Selectively Decreases the Number of Circulating Mature Lymphocytes by Acceleration of Lymphocyte Homing (1998)

FTY720, given i.v. or orally at 0.03 mg/kg or more, significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in a dose-dependent manner and showed more potent immunosuppressive activity than cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK506) in MHC-incompatible rat strains of WKAH donors and F344 recipients. However, unlike CsA or FK506, FTY720 up to 1000 nM did not affect IL-2 production in allogeneic MLC. Within 3 to 24 h after a single oral administration of FTY720 at 0.1 to 1 mg/kg, the number of lymphocytes in the rats was markedly decreased in the peripheral blood and thoracic duct lymph and partially in spleen. By contrast, the number of lymphocytes in peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and Peyer's patches (PP) was significantly increased at the same time. Intravenous transfusion of calcein-labeled rat lymphocytes into rats revealed that FTY720 significantly accelerated lymphocyte homing to PLN, MLN, and PP, dose dependently. Since FTY720-induced lymphocyte homing was completely blocked by simultaneous treatment of the calcein-labeled lymphocytes with mAbs against CD62L, CD49d, and CD11a before the transfusion, the acceleration of lymphocyte homing by FTY720 appears to be mediated by lymphocyte-homing receptors. These findings indicate that FTY720 sequesters circulating mature lymphocytes into PLN, MLN, and PP by acceleration of lymphocyte homing and thereby decreases the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic duct lymph, and spleen. Based on these observations, sequestration of circulating mature-lymphocytes is presumed to be a main mechanism of the immunosuppressive activity of FTY720.
Estimating velocity using diversity reception (2002)

In mobile communication systems, the velocity of mobile terminals is important for adequate handoff control and efficient dynamic channel assignment. We can estimate the velocity of a mobile terminal in a Rayleigh fading channel, because it is proportional to the Doppler frequency. Diversity reception is the most common method of improving communication quality in faded channels, and since the switching rate of diversity branches is proportional to the Doppler frequency, the velocity is easily estimated. We derived a relationship between the switching rate of the branches N/sub BS/ (times/s), and the Doppler frequency f/sub D/ (Hz): as follows N/sub BS//spl sime/1.3 f/sub D/. We confirmed this relationship experimentally, and since our method is very simple and needs no additional equipment, it can easily be implemented in mobile terminals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RegulatoryTCells are Baby′s Best Friends (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are one of the most and best studied immune cell population during human and murine pregnancy, and there is a general consent about their expansion during pregnancy. However, the identification of new and more reliable Treg markers during the last years resulted in some controversies about the kinetics of various Treg subsets at different pregnancy stages. No doubt exists regarding the importance of Treg for a normal pregnancy as pregnancy complications like spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia could be associated with a reduced Treg number and activity. In future, more attention should be paid to bring established data from the bench to the bedside to force the development of adequate therapies for treatment of pregnancy complications. In this article, we summarize previous and recent data on several aspects of Treg biology during human and murine pregnancy.
Oxyntomodulin Suppresses Appetite and Reduces Food Intake in Humans (2003)

Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is released from the gut postprandially, in proportion to energy intake, and circulating levels of OXM are elevated in several conditions associated with anorexia. Central injection of OXM reduces food intake and weight gain in rodents, suggesting that OXM signals food ingestion to hypothalamic appetite-regulating circuits. We investigated the effect of iv OXM (3.0 pmol/kg.min) on appetite and food intake in 13 healthy subjects (body mass index, 22.5 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2)) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Infusion of OXM significantly reduced ad libitum energy intake at a buffet meal (mean decrease, 19.3 +/- 5.6%; P < 0.01) and caused a significant reduction in scores for hunger. In addition, cumulative 12-h energy intake was significantly reduced by infusion of OXM (mean decrease, 11.3 +/- 6.2%; P < 0.05). OXM did not cause nausea or affect food palatability. Preprandial levels of the appetite-stimulatory hormone, ghrelin, were significantly suppressed by OXM (mean reduction, 44 +/- 10% of postprandial decrease; P < 0.0001). Elevated levels of endogenous OXM associated with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to anorexia.
Clinical Implications of the Expression of Estrogen Receptor-α and -β in Primary and Metastatic Lesions of Uterine Endometrial Cancers (2002)

Novel human estrogen receptor (ER)-beta was identified in cDNA libraries from human testes. ER-beta specifically expresses in the testis, ovary, thymus, spleen, osteoblasts, fetus and uterine endometrium. ER-beta might not conserve the same physiological functions as does ER-alpha. Therefore, expressions of ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs in primary and metastatic lesions of uterine endometrial cancers were investigated. The levels of ER-beta mRNA were significantly lower than those of ER-alpha mRNA in uterine endometrial cancers and in normal uterine endometria. The ratio of ER-beta to ER-alpha mRNA in most primary uterine endometrial cancers was similar to that in normal uterine endometria (<0.4% of ER-beta mRNA to ER-alpha mRNA). On the other hand, in 14 of the 20 lymph node metastasis-positive cases of uterine endometrial cancers, the ratio in the metastatic lesion was significantly higher than that in the primary lesion of the corresponding case, and patient prognosis in these cases was extremely poor. Therefore, it is suggested that the intact synchronized expression of ER-beta interacting with ER-alpha might be disrupted, especially in most metastases of uterine endometrial cancers, leading to poor patient prognosis related to estrogen refractoriness.
Avermectins. Structure determination (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAvermectins. Structure determinationG. Albers-Schoenberg, B. H. Arison, J. C. Chabala, A. W. Douglas, P. Eskola, M. H. Fisher, A. Lusi, H. Mrozik, J. L. Smith, and R. L. TolmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 14, 4216–4221Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00404a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views925Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Hybrid Hydrogels with Self-Assembled Nanogels as Cross-Linkers:  Interaction with Proteins and Chaperone-Like Activity (2005)

New hybrid hydrogels with nanogel domains were obtained by using polymerizable self-assembled nanogels as cross-linkers. Methacryloyl groups were introduced to cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (CHP). The methacryloyl group-bearing CHPs (CHPMAs) formed nanogels by their self-association in water (R(g) = 14-17 nm). CHPMA nanogels were polymerized with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) by radical polymerization in a semidilute aqueous solution. CHPMA nanogels acted as effective cross-linkers for gelation. TEM observation showed that the nanogel structure was retained after gelation and that the nanogels were well dispersed in the macrogel. The hybrid hydrogels showed two well-defined networks such as a nanogel intranetwork structure of less than 10 nm (physically cross-linking) and an internetwork structure of several hundred nanometers (chemically cross-linking). The immobilized nanogels retained their ability to trap and release protein (insulin was used as a model protein) by host-guest interaction of the cholesteryl group and cyclodextrin and also showed high chaperone-like activity for refolding of chemically denatured protein.
Reaction of Cyclopropylcarbene-Molybdenum Complexes with Alkynes: Formation of Cycloheptadienones under Mild Conditions (1993)

Reaction of cyclopropylcarbene-molybdenum complexes and alkynes leads to cycloheptadienones. The conditions for this reaction are considerably milder than those for the corresponding tungsten complexes.
Schottky Barrier Height Tuning via the Dopant Segregation Technique through Low-Temperature Microwave Annealing (2016)

The Schottky junction source/drain structure has great potential to replace the traditional p/n junction source/drain structure of the future ultra-scaled metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), as it can form ultimately shallow junctions. However, the effective Schottky barrier height (SBH) of the Schottky junction needs to be tuned to be lower than 100 meV in order to obtain a high driving current. In this paper, microwave annealing is employed to modify the effective SBH of NiSi on Si via boron or arsenic dopant segregation. The barrier height decreased from 0.4-0.7 eV to 0.2-0.1 eV for both conduction polarities by annealing below 400 °C. Compared with the required temperature in traditional rapid thermal annealing, the temperature demanded in microwave annealing is ~60 °C lower, and the mechanisms of this observation are briefly discussed. Microwave annealing is hence of high interest to future semiconductor processing owing to its unique capability of forming the metal/semiconductor contact at a remarkably lower temperature.
Transient Regenerative Potential of the Neonatal Mouse Heart (2011)

Certain fish and amphibians retain a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life, but the same is not true of the adult mammalian heart. Whether the capacity for cardiac regeneration is absent in mammals or whether it exists and is switched off early after birth has been unclear. We found that the hearts of 1-day-old neonatal mice can regenerate after partial surgical resection, but this capacity is lost by 7 days of age. This regenerative response in 1-day-old mice was characterized by cardiomyocyte proliferation with minimal hypertrophy or fibrosis, thereby distinguishing it from repair processes. Genetic fate mapping indicated that the majority of cardiomyocytes within the regenerated tissue originated from preexisting cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography performed 2 months after surgery revealed that the regenerated ventricular apex had normal systolic function. Thus, for a brief period after birth, the mammalian heart appears to have the capacity to regenerate.
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress (1983)

This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.
Comparison of Affymetrix Gene Array with the Exon Array shows potential application for detection of transcript isoform variation (2009)

The Gene Array is an effective expression profiling tool at gene and exon expression level, the latter made possible by probe set annotation modifications. We demonstrate that the Gene Array is capable of detecting alternative splicing and isoform variation. As expected, in comparison to the Exon Array, it is limited by reduced gene content coverage and is not able to detect as wide a range of alternative splicing events. However, for the events that can be monitored by both platforms, we estimate that the selectivity and sensitivity levels are comparable. We hope our findings will shed light on the potential extension of the Gene Array to detect alternative splicing. It should be particularly suitable for researchers primarily interested in gene expression analysis, but who may be willing to look for splicing and isoform differences within their dataset. However, we do not suggest it to be an equivalent substitute to the more comprehensive Exon Array.
Conservation of Carbohydrate Binding Interfaces — Evidence of Human HBGA Selection in Norovirus Evolution (2009)

Our data indicate that the human HBGAs are an important factor in norovirus evolution. Each of the two major genogroups represents an evolutionary lineage characterized by distinct genetic traits. Functional convergence of strains with the same HBGA targets subsequently resulted in acquisition of analogous HBGA binding interfaces in the two genogroups that share an overall structural similarity, despite their distinct locations and amino acid compositions. On the other hand, divergent evolution may have contributed to the observed overall differences between and within the two lineages. Thus, both divergent and convergent evolution, as well as the polymorphic human HBGAs, likely contribute to the diversity of noroviruses. The finding of genogroup-specific conservation of HBGA binding interfaces will facilitate the development of rational strategies to control and prevent norovirus-associated gastroenteritis.
Receptor Specificity of Influenza A H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Mammalian Cells and Embryonated Chicken Eggs (2010)

Isolation of human subtype H3N2 influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs yields viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) that often affect binding to sialic acid receptors. We used a glycan array approach to analyze the repertoire of sialylated glycans recognized by viruses from the same clinical specimen isolated in eggs or cell cultures. The binding profiles of whole virions to 85 sialoglycans on the microarray allowed the categorization of cell isolates into two groups. Group 1 cell isolates displayed binding to a restricted set of alpha2-6 and alpha2-3 sialoglycans, whereas group 2 cell isolates revealed receptor specificity broader than that of their egg counterparts. Egg isolates from group 1 showed binding specificities similar to those of cell isolates, whereas group 2 egg isolates showed a significantly reduced binding to alpha2-6- and alpha2-3-type receptors but retained substantial binding to specific O- and N-linked alpha2-3 glycans, including alpha2-3GalNAc and fucosylated alpha2-3 glycans (including sialyl Lewis x), both of which may be important receptors for H3N2 virus replication in eggs. These results revealed an unexpected diversity in receptor binding specificities among recent H3N2 viruses, with distinct patterns of amino acid substitution in the HA occurring upon isolation and/or propagation in eggs. These findings also suggest that clinical specimens containing viruses with group 1-like receptor binding profiles would be less prone to undergoing receptor binding or antigenic changes upon isolation in eggs. Screening cell isolates for appropriate receptor binding properties might help focus efforts to isolate the most suitable viruses in eggs for production of antigenically well-matched influenza vaccines.
The metalloprotease Kuzbanian (ADAM10) mediates the transactivation of EGF receptor by G protein–coupled receptors (2002)

Communication between different signaling pathways enables cells to coordinate the responses to diverse environmental signals. Activation of the transmembrane growth factor precursors plays a critical role in this communication and often involves metalloprotease-mediated proteolysis. Stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) transactivates the EGF receptors (EGFRs), which occurs via a metalloprotease-dependent cleavage of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF). However, the metalloprotease mediating the transactivation remains elusive. We show that the integral membrane metalloprotease Kuzbanian (KUZ; ADAM10), which controls Notch signaling in Drosophila, stimulates GPCR transactivation of EGFR. Upon stimulation of the bombesin receptors, KUZ increases the docking and activation of adaptors Src homology 2 domain-containing protein and Gab1 on the EGFR, and activation of Ras and Erk. In contrast, transfection of a protease domain-deleted KUZ, or blocking endogenous KUZ by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, suppresses the transactivation. The effect of KUZ on shedding of HB-EGF and consequent transactivation of the EGFR depends on its metalloprotease activity. GPCR activation enhances the association of KUZ and its substrate HB-EGF with tetraspanin CD9. Thus, KUZ regulates the relay between the GPCR and EGFR signaling pathways.