gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis (2008)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes large-scale epidemics of acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. In men and non-pregnant women, the disease is usually self-limited and has a case-fatality rate of less than <0.1%. However, in pregnant women, particularly from certain geographical areas in India, HEV infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. In contrast, reports from Egypt, Europe and the USA have shown that the course and severity of viral hepatitis during pregnancy is not different from that in non-pregnant women. The reasons for this geographical difference are not clear. The high mortality rate in pregnancy has been thought to be secondary to the associated hormonal (oestrogen and progesterone) changes during pregnancy and consequent immunological changes. These immunological changes include downregulation of the p65 component of nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) with a predominant T-helper type 2 (Th2) bias in the T-cell response along with host susceptibility factors, mediated by human leucocyte antigen expression. Thus far, researchers were unable to explain the high HEV morbidity in pregnancy, why it is different from other hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis A with similar epidemiological features and the reason behind the difference in HEV morbidity in pregnant women in different geographical regions. The recent developments in understanding the immune response to HEV have encouraged us to review the possible mechanisms for these differences. Further research in the immunology of HEV and pregnancy is required to conquer this disease in the near future.
Nanostructured ion gels from liquid crystalline block copolymers and gold nanoparticles in ionic liquids: manifestation of mechanical and electrochemical properties (2014)

We examine the influence of confining gold nanoparticles on the overall nanoscale morphology, mechanical and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite ion gels.
An Automated Hydrodynamic Process for Controlled, Unbiased DNA Shearing (1998)

An automated, inexpensive, easy-to-use, and reproducible technique for controlled, random DNA fragmentation has been developed. The technique is based on point-sink hydrodynamics that result when a DNA sample is forced through a small hole by a syringe pump. Commercially available components are used to reduce the cost and complexity of the instrument. The design is optimized to reduce the volume of sample required and to speed processing time. Shearing of the samples can be completely automated by computer control. Ninety percent of sheared DNA fragments fall within a twofold size distribution that is highly reproducible. Three parameters are critical: the flow geometry, the flow rate, and a minimum number of iterations. Shearing is reproducible over a wide range of temperatures, DNA concentrations, and initial DNA size. The cloning efficiency of the sheared DNA is very good even without end repair, the distribution of assembled sequences is random, and there is no sequence bias at the ends of sheared fragments that have been cloned. The instrument, called the Point-sink Shearer (PtS), has already been exported successfully to many other laboratories.
Prostate Cancer: A Patient’s Perspective (1994)

During the last few years a tremendous amount of media attention has been focused on prostate cancer. This increased visibility has been the direct result of the prostate specific antigen test, which has led to a doubling of the number of new cases detected in just 4 years. With this visibility has come controversy about which treatment is the most effective or whether this disease should be treated aggressively at all. The formation and rapid expansion of the prostate cancer support group movement are reviewed, and the positive and negative impacts of media coverage on present and future patients are assessed. My personal case is reviewed briefly to make a specific point about the hazards of watchful waiting. Other issues, such as mass screening, Prostate Cancer Awareness Week and expenditures for prostate cancer research, are examined in some detail.
Visual and force-feedback guidance for robot-assisted interventions in the beating heart with real-time MRI (2012)

Robot-assisted surgical procedures are perpetually evolving due to potential improvement in patient treatment and healthcare cost reduction. Integration of an imaging modality intraoperatively further strengthens these procedures by incorporating the information pertaining to the area of intervention. Such information needs to be effectively rendered to the operator as a human-in-the-loop requirement. In this work, we propose a guidance approach that uses real-time MRI to assist the operator in performing robot-assisted procedure in a beating heart. Specifically, this approach provides both real-time visualization and force-feedback based guidance for maneuvering an interventional tool safely inside the dynamic environment of a heart's left ventricle. Experimental evaluation of the functionality of this approach was tested on a simulated scenario of transapical aortic valve replacement and it demonstrated improvement in control and manipulation by providing effective and accurate assistance to the operator in real-time.
Cell sources for the regeneration of articular cartilage: the past, the horizon and the future (2012)

Avascular, aneural articular cartilage has a low capacity for self-repair and as a consequence is highly susceptible to degradative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Thus the development of cell-based therapies that repair focal defects in otherwise healthy articular cartilage is an important research target, aiming both to delay the onset of degradative diseases and to decrease the need for joint replacement surgery. This review will discuss the cell sources which are currently being investigated for the generation of chondrogenic cells. Autologous chondrocyte implantation using chondrocytes expanded ex vivo was the first chondrogenic cellular therapy to be used clinically. However, limitations in expansion potential have led to the investigation of adult mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative cell source and these therapies are beginning to enter clinical trials. The chondrogenic potential of human embryonic stem cells will also be discussed as a developmentally relevant cell source, which has the potential to generate chondrocytes with phenotype closer to that of articular cartilage. The clinical application of these chondrogenic cells is much further away as protocols and tissue engineering strategies require additional optimization. The efficacy of these cell types in the regeneration of articular cartilage tissue that is capable of withstanding biomechanical loading will be evaluated according to the developing regulatory framework to determine the most appropriate cellular therapy for adoption across an expanding patient population.
The Effect of Growth and Urea Concentration on Ammonia Production by a Urea-hydrolysing Mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum) (1977)

The rate of accumulation of ammonium ion in cultures of Ureaplasma urealyticum was independent of the growth rate and of the initial urea concentration above 0-025% in the medium, although the quantity of ammonium ion accumulating did depend on the initial urea concentration. Ammonium ions accumulated at a similar rate in U. urealyticum cultures of both rapidly and slowly growing organisms. Viable but non-growing ureaplasmas also produced ammonia in complete medium at a lower temperature than usual (25 degrees C) or in an inadequate growth medium at 37 degrees C. The rate of ammonium ion accumulation in a dying culture depended on the number of viable organisms present; this is relevant to diagnostic methods for ureaplasms which depend on detecting ammonia colorimetrically.
Liposomal encapsulation of topotecan enhances anticancer efficacy in murine and human xenograft models. (2000)

Topotecan was encapsulated in sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes using an ionophore-generated proton gradient. After i.v. injection, liposomal topotecan was eliminated from the plasma much more slowly than free drug, resulting in a 400-fold increase in plasma area under the curve. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plasma samples demonstrated that topotecan was protected from hydrolysis within the liposomal carrier with >80% of the drug remaining as the active, lactone species up to 24 h. The improved pharmacokinetics observed with liposomal topotecan correlated with increased efficacy in both murine and human tumor models. In the L1210 ascitic tumor model, optimal doses of liposomal topotecan resulted in a 60-day survival rate of 60-80%, whereas in a L1210 liver metastasis model, 100% long-term survival (>60 days) was achieved. In contrast, long-term survivors were rarely seen after treatment with free topotecan. Further, in a human breast carcinoma model (MDA 435/LCC6), liposomal topotecan provided greatly improved increase in life span relative to the free drug. These results suggest that liposomal encapsulation can significantly enhance the therapeutic activity of topotecan.
Hardware-software interactions on Mpact (1997)

Media processors, a new class of processor architectures that combine hardware and software to accelerate multimedia functions concurrently, owe their existence to several computational needs and enabling technologies. In this article, the author discusses the reasons for media processors existence, the implementation of the Mpact media processor, and some examples of the relationship between hardware and software on the Mpact chip.
A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions (1994)

A Starting Point for the Randomwalk What Use are Fractals? Delinquent Coins and Staggering Drunks Fractal Systems Generated by Randomwalks in Two-Dimensional Space Vanishing Carpets, Fractal Felts and Dendritic Capture Trees An Exploration of the Physical Significance of Fractal Structures in Three-Dimensional Space Fractal Fingers and Floods Fracture, Fragments and Fractals Signposts to More Rambling Explorations of Fractal Space.
PTEN affects cell size, cell proliferation and apoptosis during Drosophila eye development (1999)

Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (MMAC1/TEP1) are associated with a large number of human cancers and several autosomal-dominant disorders. Mice mutant for PTEN die at early embryonic stages and the mutant embryonic fibroblasts display decreased sensitivity to cell death. Overexpression of PTEN in different mammalian tissue culture cells affects various processes including cell proliferation, cell death and cell migration. We have characterized the Drosophila PTEN gene and present evidence that both inactivation and overexpression of PTEN affect cell size, while overexpression of PTEN also inhibits cell cycle progression at early mitosis and promotes cell death during eye development in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we have shown that PTEN acts in the insulin signaling pathway and all signals from the insulin receptor can be antagonized by either Drosophila or human PTEN, suggesting a potential means for alleviating symptoms associated with altered insulin signaling.
Nucleotide sequence of an incompatibility region of mini-Rts1 that contains five direct repeats (1983)

The plasmid mini-Rts1, consisting of an EcoRI/HindIII fragment of about 1.8 kilobases (kb), contains an incompatibility determinant in its EcoRI/AccI region (0.5 kb). The nucleotide sequence of this incompatibility fragment was determined. A most striking feature of the sequence is the presence of five 24-base pair direct repeats. Four out of the five repeating units, which are contained in a 0.2-kb EcoRI/HincII fragment, were cloned en bloc in pACYC184 and found to express Rts1-specific incompatibility. In addition, the copy number of the mini-Rts1 plasmid appeared to be increased threefold upon removal of the 0.2-kb incompatibility region (incI) from the plasmid. This deletion derivative of mini-Rts1, as well as mini-Rts1, was maintained stably at 37 degrees C, but was cured at a high frequency at 42 degrees C. A possible role of the repeated nucleotide sequence was discussed. By subcloning the mini-Rts1 DNA, a second inc determinant (incII) was found on the AccI fragment, which is contiguous to the 0.5-kb EcoRI/AccI fragment.
Spontaneous Cytotoxic T-Cell Reactivity against Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-2 (2011)

Several lines of data have suggested a possible link between the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-like protein IDO2 and cancer. First, IDO2 expression has been described in human tumors, including renal, gastric, colon, and pancreatic tumors. Second, the apparent selective inhibition of IDO2 by the D stereoisomer of the IDO blocker 1-methyl-tryptophan (1MT), which tends to be more active than the L-isomer in a variety of biological assays for IDO function, suggests that IDO2 may be important to sustain immune escape and growth of tumors. Especially, D-1MT heightens chemotherapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer in a nontoxic fashion. Here, we describe the immunogenicity of IDO2 by showing the presence of spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell reactivity against IDO2 in peripheral blood of both healthy donors and cancer patients. Furthermore, we show that these IDO2-specific T cells are cytotoxic effector cells that recognize and kill tumor cells. Our data suggest that IDO2 might be a useful target for anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
The Laforin-Malin Complex Negatively Regulates Glycogen Synthesis by Modulating Cellular Glucose Uptake via Glucose Transporters (2011)

Lafora disease (LD), an inherited and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by increased cellular glycogen content and the formation of abnormally branched glycogen inclusions, called Lafora bodies, in the affected tissues, including neurons. Therefore, laforin phosphatase and malin ubiquitin E3 ligase, the two proteins that are defective in LD, are thought to regulate glycogen synthesis through an unknown mechanism, the defects in which are likely to underlie some of the symptoms of LD. We show here that laforin's subcellular localization is dependent on the cellular glycogen content and that the stability of laforin is determined by the cellular ATP level, the activity of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, and the affinity of malin toward laforin. By using cell and animal models, we further show that the laforin-malin complex regulates cellular glucose uptake by modulating the subcellular localization of glucose transporters; loss of malin or laforin resulted in an increased abundance of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane and therefore excessive glucose uptake. Loss of laforin or malin, however, did not affect glycogen catabolism. Thus, the excessive cellular glucose level appears to be the primary trigger for the abnormally higher levels of cellular glycogen seen in LD.
Preparation and Characterization of Dendrimer-Encapsulated CdS Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Dendrimer-Encapsulated CdS Semiconductor Quantum DotsBuford I. Lemon and Richard M. CrooksView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12886–12887Publication Date (Web):December 5, 2000Publication History Received22 August 2000Published online5 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0031321Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2483Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (28 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Composites,Dendrons,Nanoparticles,Quantum dots Get e-Alerts
Component clustering based on maximal association (2002)

Presents a supervised clustering framework for recovering the architecture of a software system. The technique measures the association between the system components (such as files) in terms of data and control flow dependencies among the groups of highly related entities that are scattered throughout the components. The application of data mining techniques allows us to extract the maximum association among the groups of entities. This association is used as a measure of closeness among the system files in order to collect them into subsystems using an optimization clustering technique. A two-phase supervised clustering process is applied to incrementally generate the clusters and control the quality of the system decomposition. In order to address the complexity, issues, the whole clustering space is decomposed into subspaces based on the association property. At each iteration, the subspaces are analyzed to determine the most eligible subspace for the next cluster, which is then followed by an optimization search to generate a new cluster.
Dynamic resource management on distributed systems using reconfigurable applications (1997)

Efficient management of distributed resources, under conditions of unpredictable and varying workload, requires enforcement of dynamic resource management policies. Execution of such policies requires a relatively fine-grain control over the resources allocated to jobs in the system. Although this is a difficult task using conventional job management and program execution models, reconfigurable applications can be used to make it viable. With reconfigurable applications, it is possible to dynamically change, during the course of program execution, the number of concurrently executing tasks of an application as well as the resources allocated. Thus, reconfigurable applications can adapt to internal changes in resource requirements and to external changes affecting available resources. In this paper, we discuss dynamic management of resources on distributed systems with the help of reconfigurable applications. We first characterize reconfigurable parallel applications. We then present a new programming model for reconfigurable applications and the Distributed Resource Management System (DRMS), an integrated environment for the design, development, execution, and resource scheduling of reconfigurable applications. Experiments were conducted to verify the functionality and performance of application reconfiguration under DRMS. A detailed breakdown of the costs in reconfiguration is presented with respect to several different applications. Our results indicate that application reconfiguration is effective under DRMS and can be beneficial in improving individual application performance as well as overall system performance. We observe a significant reduction in average job response time and an improvement in overall system utilization.
Phase noise of a high performance OEO and an ultra low noise floor cross-correlation microwave photonic homodyne system (2008)

This paper describes two recent types of opto-electronic oscillators. The first is a long fiber opto-electronic oscillator, utilizing a high power laser with long delay, and consisting of low noise components. This oscillator generates a stable 10 GHz signal with phase noise of -163 dBc/Hz at 6 kHz offset from the carrier. The second is a low noise 10 GHz compact opto-electronic oscillator. This latter oscillator consists of coupled optical and microwave loops utilizing a short fiber. We also report on an automatic ultra-low noise floor measurement system, designed and built to measure the phase noise of the above (and other) oscillators. This delay line cross-correlation measurement system utilizes microwave-photonic links, eliminating the need for a second oscillator. This system provides quick and reliable measurement of the oscillator under test.
Amplification of the cyclic AMP response to forskolin in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells through adenosine A(2A) purinoceptors. (1999)

In this study, we present evidence on the ability of endogenous adenosine to modulate adenylyl cyclase activity in intact PC12 cells. The adenosine receptor antagonists PD 115199, xanthine amine congener, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine inhibited 10 microM forskolin-induced cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation, with IC(50) values of 2.76 +/- 1.16 nM, 17.4 +/- 1.08 nM, 443 +/- 1. 03 nM, 2.00 +/- 1.01 microM, and 2.25 +/- 1.05 microM, respectively. Inhibition by 2.5 nM PD 115199 was only partially reversed by increasing forskolin concentrations up to 100 microM. The addition of PD 115199 with or 60 min after forskolin caused a comparable inhibition of forskolin effect over the next hour. Both exogenous adenosine (0.1 microM) and its precursor, AMP (10 and 100 microM), significantly enhanced forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, whereas inosine was ineffective. Forskolin activity was also potentiated by the hydrolysis-resistant adenosine receptor agonists 5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine and CGS 21680 (8.9- and 12.2-fold increase, respectively). Adenosine deaminase (1 U/ml) and 8-SPT (25 microM), which nearly abolished the response to 1 microM adenosine, also reduced cAMP accumulation caused by AMP (-78 and -54%, respectively). These results demonstrate that in PC12 cells, activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin is highly dependent on the occupancy of A(2A) adenosine receptors and that AMP potentially contributes to the amplification of forskolin response.
Crop Insurance Has Some Changes for 2009 (2009)

Crop insurance indemnity prices, guarantees and premiums were all at record levels for corn and soybeans in 2008. Current market conditions make it unlikely that those levels will be reached again in 2009, but they will still be attractive. The Risk Management Agency has announced indemnity prices of $4 per bushel for corn and $9.90 per bushel for soybeans for APH (yield) insurance guarantees for 2009, the second highest prices ever offered. Prices for revenue insurance policies will not be known until the end of February.