gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azacoumarins (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzacoumarinsRobert Bruce MoffettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 11, 3596–3600Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00836a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00836a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytokine-enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in cord blood (1998)

Although in cord blood (CB) transplantation graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is reported to be less severe, GVHD may occur even in patients with HLA-identical sibling donors. This result shows that HLA typing can not entirely predict GVHD. The standard MLR with CB cells was either normal or slightly reduced compared with adult peripheral blood (PB) cells. We used two manipulations to increase the responses of CB cells to allo-antigens. The first was to treat the stimulator cells with cytokines, and the second to amplify weak proliferative responses by adding exogenous cytokines to MLR cultures (modified MLR). The stimulator cells were treated with both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4. The responder cells were treated with both IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). It is still to be determined whether or not this cytokine-enhanced MLR could be a possible predictor of GVHD. However, using these cytokines, 90% of CB could recognize allo-antigens, even if the standard MLR was negative.
The transforming activity of Wnt effectors correlates with their ability to induce the accumulation of mammary progenitor cells (2004)

Ectopic activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is highly oncogenic for many human tissues. Here, we show that ectopic Wnt signaling increases the effective stem cell activity in mouse mammary glands in vivo. Furthermore, Wnt effectors induce the accumulation of mouse mammary epithelial progenitors (assayed by Hoechst dye exclusion, a surrogate stem cell marker, side population cells) both in vivo and in vitro. The longevity of stem cells makes them good candidate tumor precursors, and we propose that Wnt-induced progenitor amplification is likely to be key to tumor initiation. In support of this notion, mammary glands from a tumor-resistant strain of mice (carrying a null mutation in syndecan-1) contain fewer side population cells. When this strain is crossed to mice that overexpress effectors of the beta-catenin/T cell factor Wnt pathway, the amplification of progenitors is reduced, together with all subsequent events of tumor development. We propose that the growth dynamic of the stem cell fraction is a major determinant of tumor susceptibility.
Three members of a novel small gene-family from Arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an Escherichia coli mutant defective in PAPS reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and “APS reductase” activity (1996)

Three different cDNAs, Prh-19, Prh-26, and Prh-43 [3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase homolog], have been isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli cysH mutant, defective in PAPS reductase activity, to prototrophy with an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library in the expression vector lambda YES. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs revealed continuous open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 465, 458, and 453 amino acids, with calculated molecular masses of 51.3, 50.5, and 50.4 kDa, respectively, that have strong homology with fungal, yeast and bacterial PAPS reductases. However, unlike microbial PAPS reductases, each PRH protein has an N-terminal extension, characteristic of a plastid transit peptide, and a C-terminal extension that has amino acid and deduced three-dimensional homology to thioredoxin proteins. Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) was shown to be a much more efficient substrate than PAPS when the activity of the PRH proteins was tested by their ability to convert 35S-labeled substrate to acid-volatile 35S-sulfite. We speculate that the thioredoxin-like domain is involved in catalytic function, and that the PRH proteins may function as novel "APS reductase" enzymes. Southern hybridization analysis showed the presence of a small multigene family in the Arabidopsis genome. RNA blot hybridization with gene-specific probes revealed for each gene the presence of a transcript of approximately 1.85 kb in leaves, stems, and roots that increased on sulfate starvation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cloning and characterization of plant genes that encode proteins with APS reductase activity and supports the suggestion that APS can be utilized directly, without activation to PAPS, as an intermediary substrate in reductive sulfate assimilation.
Transformation and replication in mouse cells of a bovine papillomavirus--pML2 plasmid vector that can be rescued in bacteria. (1982)

The unique ability of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) DNA to replicate as a stable, multicopy plasmid in transformed mouse cells has led to its utilization as a eukaryotic cloning vector. One limitation of the system has been the marked reduction in transformation efficiency when BPV-1 DNA or the subgenomic transforming segment of BPV-1 DNA (BPV69T) is covalently linked to pBR322 sequences. A dual host replicon consisting of BPV-1 DNA and pML2d, a deletion variant of pBR322, was constructed and shown to be highly efficient for transformation of mouse cells in vitro. The hybrid molecule replicates as a stable, unintegrated, multicopy plasmid in transformed mouse cells. The resident BPV-1-pML2d plasmid DNA was rescued in bacteria and the recovered plasmids were shown to be identical in structure and to have the same transformation efficiency as the original transforming DNA. In contrast, the transforming efficiency of BPV69T DNA is less than 1/100th that of BPV-1 DNA when the DNA is left covalently linked to pML2d. These observations indicate that, although the nontransforming region of BPV-1 (BPV31NT) DNA is not essential for transformation, it has a facilitative role in the transformation process.
Antidepressant drugs (1994)

Abstract This review covers the efficacy, side effects, and toxicity of various classes of antidepressants: tricyclics (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and second generation antidepressants including the selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake (SSRIs). Also reviewed are newer drugs such as moclobemide, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (RIMA), and venlafaxine, a drug that inhibits the uptake of both norepinephrine and serotonin (similar in this respect to a number of the TCAs) but has a side‐effect profile more like that of the SSRIs. Depression 2:1–19 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon in host resistance against Pneumocystis carinii infection (1992)

C.B-17 scid/scid (SCID) mice that have acquired natural pulmonary infection with Pneumocystis carinii clear these organisms by 19 days after reconstitution with spleen cells from immunocompetent mice and therefore serve as a model for studying the pathogenesis of and immunity to P. carinii pneumonia. The present study examined the importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the clearance of P. carinii by treatment of reconstituted SCID mice with anti-TNF-alpha and anti-IFN-gamma immunoglobulin G (IgG). Treatment of reconstituted mice with monospecific rabbit anti-TNF-alpha IgG almost completely inhibited the clearance of P. carinii from the lungs. In contrast, treatment with either anti-IFN-gamma antibody (polyclonal or monoclonal) or control IgG had no detectable effect on the clearance of P. carinii. The importance of endogenous TNF-alpha in the clearance of P. carinii was further supported by the finding of TNF-alpha but not IFN-gamma in lung homogenate supernatants from reconstituted SCID mice. Further study revealed that for the complete clearance of P. carinii, TNF-alpha must be present at the early stage of reconstitution, since clearance could be blocked by a single injection of anti-TNF-alpha IgG into SCID mice at day 0 but not at day 6 and/or day 12 after reconstitution. These results strongly suggest that, in reconstituted SCID mice, endogenous TNF-alpha is important in host resistance against P. carinii infection, whereas IFN-gamma appears not to play a significant role.
Explorations of a trust approach for nursing ethics (2001)

Trust has long been acknowledged as central to nurse-patient relationships. It, however, has not been fully explored normatively. That is, trust must be examined from a perspective that encompasses not only reliability and competence, but also good will within nursing relationships. In this paper, we explore how a trust approach, based on Annette Baier's work on trust in feminist ethics, could help inform future developments in nursing ethics. We discuss the limitations of other approaches such as those based on contracts, paternalism, and care. By drawing out central features of Baier's theory, we demonstrate how it can help overcome the problems of these previous models. In doing so, we emphasise the importance of combining the ethics of care and justice, acknowledging vulnerability and the potential for evil in nursing relationships, and politically situating the ethical concerns of nursing.
T cell epitope mapping of ragweed pollen allergen Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Amb a 5) and Ambrosia trifida (Amb t 5) and the role of free sulfhydryl groups in T cell recognition (1995)

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Amb a 5; Ra5S) and Ambrosia trifida (Amb t 5; Ra5G) are homologous allergens purified from short and giant ragweed pollen, respectively. Allergic human sera and hyperimmunized animal antisera directed against Amb a 5 or Amb t 5 show a high degree of species specificity, with little or no cross-reactivity between these two allergens, suggesting that the major Ab binding epitopes of Amb a 5 and Amb t 5 are distinct. Overlapping synthetic peptides derived from the allergen sequences were used to investigate the specificity of T cell responses in four strains of mice, BALB/c (H-2d), CBA (H-2k), C57BL/6 (H-2b), and A/J (H-2a). All four strains of mice responded to purified Amb a 5 and Amb t 5. Cross-reactivity was found at the T cell level between Amb a 5 and Amb t 5 in T cells from BALB/c, A/J, and CBA mice, but not in T cells from C57BL/6 mice. A T cell epitope from Amb a 5, residues 27-36 (PWQVVCYESS), was mapped using T cell hybridomas from BALB/c mice. A T cell epitope in Amb t 5 was mapped in the same strain to residues 24-34 (KYCVCYDSKAI). Disulfide bonds in Amb a 5 and Amb t 5 were found to be involved in T cell reactivity. Conversion of disulfide bridges into free sulfhydryl (SH) forms was required for the response of T cell hybridomas to peptide t5 (residues 27-40) from Amb t 5. Reduction of peptide a4 (residues 21-37) from Amb a 5 was essential for inducing the cross-reactivity observed with Amb t 5-specific T cell hybridomas. It is concluded that free sulfhydryl groups play a major role in the T cell recognition of cross-reactivity T cell epitopes within these related allergens.
Practical Methodologies for the Synthesis of Indoles (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical Methodologies for the Synthesis of IndolesGuy R. Humphrey and Jeffrey T. KuetheView Author Information Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 7, 2875–2911Publication Date (Web):June 7, 2006Publication History Received7 October 2005Published online7 June 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0505270https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505270research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24786Altmetric-Citations1917LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Indoles,Mixtures,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Secondary to Infliximab (2003)

Infliximab is an antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that is used in the treatment of Crohn disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This medication neutralizes TNF-alpha by binding to TNF receptors and inhibiting further induction of proinflammatory cytokines. We describe a patient with Crohn disease who developed hypersensitivity vasculitis with biopsy-proven leukocytoclastic vasculitis 9 days after her initial dose of infliximab. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of infliximab-induced hypersensitivity vasculitis with leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurred after the first dose of drug. It is important to note that hypersensitivity vasculitis can occur secondary to administration of this drug, even after the initial exposure.
Superparamagnetic high-magnetization composite spheres with highly aminated ordered mesoporous silica shell for biomedical applications (2013)

Control of the morphology, mesostructure, and surface chemistry of multifunctional materials is important for their applications. We report here the fabrication of multifunctional spheres which possess a silica-coated magnetite core and a highly aminated mesoporous silica shell with radially aligned ordered pore channels. The well-designed core-shell structured spheres have superparamagnetism, high magnetization (32 emu g<sup>-1</sup>), large surface area (133 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), uniform accessible mesopores (3.4 nm), and abundant amino groups on the mesoporous shell. Owing to the presence of the amino groups, the composite spheres exhibit high capacity for convenient connection of fluorescent dyes, which make them promising candidates for applications in various biomedical fields, such as cell imaging and cell sorting. Furthermore, a fibrin-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent was successfully prepared by connecting the composite spheres with pentapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro, which can significantly increase the MRI signal of thrombus.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Activator Diminazene Aceturate Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Mice (2014)

Endogenous ACE2 activation by DIZE has a preventive effect on LPS-induced ocular inflammation in the EIU mouse model. These results support the notions that RAS plays a role in modulating ocular immune response and that enhancing ACE2 provides a novel therapeutic strategy for uveitis.
Study on the layer-by-layer electrostatic self assembly method for biomolecule immobilization onto biosensor surface (2007)

Layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly (L-b-L ESA) method was used for the immobilization of biomolecules onto the sensor substrate surface. As opposed to the LB method, L-b-L ESA is independent of the substrate size and topology. In addition, the LB technique typically cannot be used to form films thicker than several monolayers because defects occur and are replicated through the film structure as additional layers are added. Unlike LB schemes, L-b-L ESA processing permits the molecular-level self-healing of defects that may occur in individual monolayers as additional monolayers are gradually added layer by layer to the substrate during the synthesis process. Individual layer thickness is controllable by factors such as concentration, molecular weight, and ionic strength. What's more, the process is performed with water-soluble molecules, which is required for many biological macromolecules. Any solvent-accessible surface is appropriate for the coatings. Last but not the least, in comparison with LB or physical vapor deposition techniques; the instrumentation cost is very low. Experiment results have demonstrated successful immobilization of Oligonucleotide onto fused silica optical fiber tip by means of L-b-L ESA. The method is shown to be fast, simple and cost-efficient. This will provide a viable, simple and fast method for biomolecule immobilization for a large number of various biosensors.
Expression of a Cloned Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Reduces Solvent Formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (2003)

The cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene (cfa) of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was cloned and overexpressed under the control of the clostridial ptb promoter. The function of the cfa gene was confirmed by complementation of an Escherichia coli cfa-deficient strain in terms of fatty acid composition and growth rate under solvent stress. Constructs expressing cfa were introduced into C. acetobutylicum hosts and cultured in rich glucose broth in static flasks without pH control. Overexpression of the cfa gene in the wild type and in a butyrate kinase-deficient strain increased the cyclopropane fatty acid content of early-log-phase cells as well as initial acid and butanol resistance. However, solvent production in the cfa-overexpressing strain was considerably decreased, while acetate and butyrate levels remained high. The findings suggest that overexpression of cfa results in changes in membrane properties that dampen the full induction of solventogenesis. The overexpression of a marR homologous gene preceding the cfa gene in the clostridial genome resulted in reduced cyclopropane fatty acid accumulation.
Interaction between circulating galectin-3 and cancer-associated MUC1 enhances tumour cell homotypic aggregation and prevents anoikis (2010)

These results suggest that the interaction between free circulating galectin-3 and cancer-associated MUC1 promotes embolus formation and survival of disseminating tumour cells in the circulation. This provides new information into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell haematogenous dissemination and suggests that targeting the interaction of circulating galectin-3 with MUC1 in the circulation may represent an effective therapeutic approach for preventing metastasis.
Recent Advances in Cytokine Therapy in Leprosy (1993)

Lepromatous leprosy is characterized by a selective anergy to Mycobacterium leprae and its antigens. The inadequate immune response and the resulting reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production lead to a lack of macrophage activation and unrestricted bacterial growth. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin induced a normal local immune response in many lepromatous leprosy patients. Interleukin-2 induced an accelerated equivalent of an antigen response in the skin. In both, monocytes and T cells were recruited, and changes in keratinocytes, including expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, were induced. Skin macrophages appeared to be activated and bacteria were eliminated. Similar effects were generated by IFN-gamma, a more distal molecule in the immune response. Cytokine treatment induced large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which is toxic in this context but can be selectively down-regulated by thalidomide without interfering with other monocyte cytokines necessary for normal immune function.
Percutaneous angioplasty of atherosclerotic and postsurgical stenosis of carotid arteries. (1987)

A technique for safe angioplasty of atherosclerotic stenosis of internal and common carotid arteries is described in which temporary balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery is used to prevent cerebral embolization during manifestation of ulcerated plaques. Its successful use in six atherosclerotic stenosis is described. Five angioplasties of postsurgical stenoses are also reported in which the technique of temporary occlusion was not used. The future of carotid artery angioplasty is discussed.
Controlled Drug Delivery Systems For Veterinary Use : A Review (2003)

Till date, the development of novel drug delivery systems in veterinary medicines is like a dream for Indian scientists, though partially fulfilled in USA and UK. In veterinary medicines, majority of drug formulations are conventional type that fail to deliver and deposit drug molecule at the desired site. Due to wide variation in animal species, body system and its requirement, considerable flexibility exists with regards to the nature and physical structure of the veterinary device. The novel formulation modifications including sustained release devices, implant using biodegradable polymers, site directed formulations and rumen delivery systems could manipulate pharmacokinetic disposition to extend drug availability to the animal at the desired rate for prolonged period. Present review gives insight into controlled drug delivery systems already existing in veterinary field of medicines, however some are in the process of development.