gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (1993)

An increase in serum levels of sTNFR may become a useful marker for SLE activity since it shows a stronger correlation than do any other laboratory or clinical parameters employed presently in the daily clinical setting. At the concentrations attained in the serum of SLE patients, sTNFR effectively inhibit the bioactivity of TNF and may thus be a significant determinant of the intensity of the manifestations of SLE.
Gender Differences in Math Ability: The Impact of Media Reports on Parents (1985)

Research reports of educationally relevant findings are infrequently covered by the media. When research is the focus of the popular press, the media are believed to have a strong influence on public opinions. An empirical study was conducted to investigate the impact of media coverage following the release of a research report by Benbow and Stanley (1980). Parents of adolescents were targeted as the population most likely to be influenced by the research findings. Parents who had responded to surveys regarding their children's math abilities prior to the media coverage were recontacted and their beliefs were reassessed. The results provide evidence that research reported in the media can have an effect on the beliefs of people who are exposed to it. In this article, we discuss the nature of the media coverage and its differential impacts according to gender and prior beliefs.
Purification and Complementary DNA Cloning of a Receptor for Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1989)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) participates in many processes including early developmental events, angiogenesis, wound healing, and maintenance of neuronal cell viability. A 130-kilodalton protein was isolated on the basis of its ability to specifically bind to bFGF. A complementary DNA clone was isolated with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to determined amino acid sequences of tryptic peptide fragments of the purified protein. The putative bFGF receptor encoded by this complementary DNA is a transmembrane protein that contains three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, an unusual acidic region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. These domains are arranged in a pattern that is different from that of any growth factor receptor described.
GENETICS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2004)

Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, is a disorder with multiple genetic and environmental contributions. Genetic-epidemiologic studies have identified a surprisingly long list of genetic and nongenetic risk factors for CAD. However, such studies indicate that family history is the most significant independent risk factor (15, 52, 77). Many Mendelian disorders associated with atherosclerosis, such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), have been characterized, but they explain only a small percentage of disease susceptibility (although a substantial fraction of early CAD). Most cases of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke result from the interactions of multiple genetic and environmental factors, none of which can cause disease by itself. Successful discovery of these genetic factors will require using complementary approaches with animal models, large-scale human genetic studies, and functional experiments. This review emphasizes the common, complex forms of CAD.
Laryngeal Pacemaker: Activity of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle (PCM) and the Diaphragm during Respiration in Sheep (1989)

Electromyograms (EMG) of the PCM and the diaphragm were evaluated in 6 sedated female sheep. Corresponding pneumatograms were recorded simultaneously by means of thermocontrolled respiration flowmeter. Evidence was obtained on considerable intra- and inter-individual differences in the duration of respiratory cycles as well as PCM- and diaphragmatic activity. Most of the evaluated respiratory periods showed either a phase coincidence between the PCM and the diaphragm, or a leading edge of about 40-80 ms of the posticus muscle. Due to this minimal phase shift, the diaphragmatic myogram seems to be a valuable trigger for an external PCM stimulation unit in bilateral recurrent nerve palsy.
Isolation and Characterization of a New Ribosomal Protein from the Thermophilic Eubacteria,Thermus thermophilus, T. aquaticusandT. flavus (1993)

A ribosomal protein, showing no homology with other known prokaryotic ribosomal proteins, was isolated and characterized from the thermophilic eubacteria, Thermus thermophilus, T. aquaticus and T. flavus. This small (26 amino acids) and strongly basic (1 acidic and 13 basic residues) protein displayed the same primary structure from all three sources. Interestingly, it shows about 65% homology with a ribosomal protein from spinach chloroplasts (J. Schmidt, personal communication).
Inhibition of adjuvant‐induced arthritis by interleukin‐10‐driven regulatory cells induced via nasal administration of a peptide analog of an arthritis‐related heat‐shock protein 60 T cell epitope (2002)

Nasal administration of an APL of Hsp60 180-188 induces highly effective protection against AIA through generation of regulatory cells that produce IL-4, TGF beta, and IL-10, whereas the induced tolerance is driven mainly by production of IL-10.
Simultaneous optimization of dynamic multileaf collimation and scanning patterns or compensation filters using a generalized pencil beam algorithm (1995)

A very flexible iterative method for simultaneous optimization of dynamic multileaf collimation, scanning patterns and compensation filters has been developed. The algorithm can account for and optimize almost all the degrees of freedom available in a modern radiation therapy clinic. The method has been implemented for three dimensional treatment planning. The algorithm has been tested for a number of cases where both traditional wedge filters and block collimators, and modern equipment such as scanned beams and multileaf collimators are available. It is shown that the algorithm can improve heavily on traditional uniform dose plans with respect to the probability of achieving tumor control without causing severe complications (P+) simply by finding the optimal beam weights and block collimator settings. By allowing more complex equipment to deliver the dose and by accounting for their increased flexibility during the optimization, the dose plan can be substantially improved with respect to the applied objective functions. It is demonstrated that flexible lateral collimation combined with compensators or scanned beams in most cases allow close to optimal dose delivery. Here both the calculation time and the amount of primary computer memory needed has been reduced by performing the dose calculations in a cone beam coordinate system allowing the use of approximately spatially invariant energy deposition kernels. A typical calculation time for optimization of a two-field technique in a three dimensional volume is about 20 s per iteration step on a Hewlett-Packard 735 workstation. A well converged solution is normally obtained within about 50-100 iterations or within 15-30 min.
Exhaust of Underexpanded Jets from Finite Reservoirs (2010)

The response of an underexpanded jet to a depleting finite reservoir is examined with experiments and simulations.&#13;\nAn open-ended shock-tube facility with a variable reservoir length is used to obtain images of nitrogen- and helium-jet&#13;\nstructures at successive instances during the blowdown from initial pressure ratios of up to 250. The reservoir and&#13;\nambient pressures are simultaneously measured to obtain the instantaneous pressure ratio. We estimate the time&#13;\nscales for jet formation and reservoir depletion as a function of the specific heat ratio of the gas and the initial pressure&#13;\nratio. The jet structure formation time scale is found to become approximately independent of the pressure ratio for&#13;\nratios greater than 50. In the present work, no evidence of time dependence in the Mach disk shock location is&#13;\nobserved for rates of pressure decrease associated with isentropic blowdown of a finite reservoir while the pressure&#13;\nratio is greater than 15. The shock location in the finite-reservoir jet can be calculated from an existing empirical fit to&#13;\ninfinite-reservoir jet data evaluated at the instantaneous reservoir pressure. For pressure ratios below 15, however,&#13;\nthe present data deviate from a compilation of data for infinite-reservoir jets. A new fit is obtained to data in the&#13;\nlower-pressure regime. The self-similarity of the jet structure is quantified, and departure from similarity is noted to&#13;\nbegin at pressure ratios lower than about 15, approximately the same ratio that limits existing empirical fits.
REXDC—a remote execution mechanism (1989)

A new concept, Remote EXecution with During Construct (REXDC), is introduced. In addition to the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) functionality, it allows the client to execute cooperatively with the server during the call period. The During Construct (DC) is a unit where effective cooperation between the client and the server is provided. A mechanism is proposed to integrate the REXDC into a many-client and many-server environment. The mechanism provides a way to program different types of process to process communication and synchronization.
Basis of guanylate cyclase activation by carbon monoxide. (1995)

Kinetics of CO association with guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2] and dissociation from carboxy guanylate cyclase have been studied at pH 7.5 by flash photolysis, yielding rate constants at 23 degrees C of 1.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) M-1.sec-1 and 28 +/- 2 sec-1, respectively. While the CO combination rate constant is the same as for the T state of hemoglobin, the CO dissociation rate constant is much higher than expected for a six-coordinate carboxyheme protein; yet the absorption spectrum is indicative of a six-coordinate heme. The two observations are reconciled by a reaction mechanism in which CO dissociation proceeds via a five-coordinate intermediate. This intermediate is structurally very similar to the five-coordinate nitrosyl heme derivative of guanylate cyclase and is presumably responsible for the observed 4-fold activation of guanylate cyclase by CO. Thus, we provide a model that explains enzyme activities of the nitrosyl and carboxy forms of the enzyme on the basis of a common mechanism.
Single-Molecule Spectroscopy Using Nanoporous Membranes (2007)

We describe a novel approach for optically detecting DNA translocation events through an array of solid-state nanopores that potentially allows for ultra high-throughput, parallel detection at the single-molecule level. The approach functions by electrokinetically driving DNA strands through sub micrometer-sized holes on an aluminum/silicon nitride membrane. During the translocation process, the molecules are confined to the walls of the nanofluidic channels, allowing 100% detection efficiency. Importantly, the opaque aluminum layer acts as an optical barrier between the illuminated region and the analyte reservoir. In these conditions, high-contrast imaging of single-molecule events can be performed. To demonstrate the efficiency of the approach, a 10 pM fluorescently labeled lambda-DNA solution was used as a model system to detect simultaneous translocation events using electron multiplying CCD imaging. Single-pore translocation events are also successfully detected using single-point confocal spectroscopy.
Regulatory T cells and Type 1 diabetes (2007)

Type 1 diabetes is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease,resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.However,recent evidence shows that autoimmune processes are composed not only of autoaggressive T-cell responses but also of autoreactive regulatory components.Enhancing regulatory T-cell(Treg) responses,therefore,has become an area of intense focus as a means treating autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes.It is clear that different subsets of regulatory T-cells exist,and their mode of action and phenotype will need to be further characterized.In particular,antigen-specific regulatory T-cells may be useful owing to their ability to act within the affected tissue and suppress autoaggressive T-cells independent of antigen specificity as bystander suppressors in a cytokine-dependent manner.Thus,one can indeed envision autologous Treg therapy in the not too distant future.Application of universal Treg therapy without antigen specificity will lead to systemic immune modulation and suppression,which might be suitable for some systemic but not organ-specific autoimmune disorders.Therefore,antigen-specific induction of Tregs might be preferable-success will be highly dependent on understanding the in vivo set points and precise phenotype of the 'best' antigen-specific Treg for a given disease.
Cell‐free translation in reversed micelles (1992)

Cell-free translation in reversed micelles (RM) of surfactants in organic solvents is demonstrated using as an example the synthesis of human interleukin-2 by the wheat germ translation system solubilized in Brij 96 (oleyl-poly(10)oxyethylene ether) RM in cyclohexane. The translation system components and the product were recovered from the RM system by acetone precipitation. The recovery and translation reaction yields depended on the degree of surfactant hydration. The translation yields in Brij 96 RM were close to that observed in regular aqueous solution. The Brij 96 RM system is regarded as a promising media for the cell-free synthesis of hydrophobic proteins. Meanwhile, no translation reaction was observed in Aerosol OT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) RM in octane, which presumably is due to the ability of Aerosol OT to bind Mg2+ ions necessary for the functioning of the translation apparatus.
A combined in vitro approach to improve the prediction of mitochondrial toxicants (2016)

Drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in organ toxicity and the withdrawal of drugs or black box warnings limiting their use. The development of highly specific and sensitive in vitro assays in early drug development would assist in detecting compounds which affect mitochondrial function. Here we report the combination of two in vitro assays for the detection of drug induced mitochondrial toxicity. The first assay measures cytotoxicity after 24h incubation of test compound in either glucose or galactose conditioned media (Glu/Gal assay). Compounds with a greater than 3-fold toxicity in galactose media compared to glucose media imply mitochondrial toxicity. The second assay measures mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis and a reserve capacity with mechanistic responses observed within one hour following exposure to test compound. In order to assess these assays a total of 72 known drugs and chemicals were used. Dose-response data was normalised to 100× Cmax giving a specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of 100%, 81% and 92% respectively for this combined approach.
The Failure of TCP in High-Performance Computational Grids (2000)

Distributed computational grids depend on TCP to ensure reliable end-to-end communication between nodes across the wide-area network (WAN). Unfortunately, TCP performance can be abysmal even when buffers on the end hosts are manually optimized. Recent studies blame the self-similar nature of aggregate network traffic for TCPs poor performance because such traffic is not readily amenable to statistical multiplexing in the Internet, and hence computational grids. In this paper, we identify a source of self-similarity previously ignored, a source that is readily controllable - TCP. Via an experimental study, we examine the effects of the TCP stack on network traffic using different implementations of TCP. We show that even when aggregate application traffic ought to smooth out as more applications traffic are multiplexed, TCP induces burstiness into the aggregate traffic load, thus adversely impacting network performance. Furthermore, our results indicate that TCP performance will worsen as WAN speeds continue to increase.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF TRICARBOCYANINES CONTAINING FIVE‐ AND SIX‐MEMBERED RINGS IN CHROMOPHORE (1978)

Abstract Die durch Einführung fünf‐ oder sechsgliedriger Ringe in die Polymethinkette bewirkte bathochrome Verschiebung der Absorptionsmaxima beträgt für die Thiatricarbocyanine (IVa) und (VII) etwa 45 bzw. 5 nm, für die Chinotricarbocyanine (Va) etwa 68 bzw. 20 nm.
Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational (2009)

Ghost‐imaging experiments correlate the outputs from two photodetectors: a high spatial‐resolution (scanning pinhole or CCD camera) detector that measures a field which has not interacted with the object to be imaged, and a bucket (single‐pixel) detector that collects a field that has interacted with the object. We review the Gaussian‐state framework for ghost imaging setups that rely on biphoton states or pseudothermal states. The understanding derived therefrom leads to two new ghost imaging configurations, employing spatial light modulators to impose controlled spatial incoherence at the source, one of which uses only a single‐pixel detector.
The laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever (2008)

The diagnosis of enteric fever currently depends upon the isolation of Salmonella from a patient, most commonly by blood culture. This facility is not available in many areas where the disease is endemic. Serodiagnosis depends upon the 100-year-old Widal test, and other serological diagnostic tools have limitations because of their low sensitivity and/or specificity. The most promising recently published results are from PCR-based amplification of DNA from the blood of enteric fever patients but again this technique is not available where it is most needed. Antigen detection has not been investigated for well over three decades and detecting an immune response specific for typhoid fever has been done only with antibody detection. There is an urgent need for the rational design and evaluation of effective and appropriate diagnostics for enteric fever which must include the emerging threat of S. Paratyphi A.
Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Signaling (1996)

NO and cGMP constitute an autocrine, paracrine, and possible endocrine signal transduction system. Cytosolic NO-responsive guanylyl cyclase can be stimulated by NO derived from its own cell, from similar or distinct neighboring cell types within a tissue, from a circulating pool of NO (as NO+ equivalents coupled to plasma protein thiol groups), or from pharmacologic agents, the nitrovasodilators. NO and cGMP together comprise an especially wide-ranging signal transduction system when one considers (i) the many roles of cGMP in physiological regulation, including smooth muscle relaxation, visual transduction, intestinal ion transport, and platelet function; (ii) the many sources, biochemical interactions, and functions of NO; and (iii) the interactions of cGMP and its affected pathways with other signaling systems such as phosphoinositides, eicosanoids, cAMP and Ca2+.
Advanced protein glycosylation induces transendothelial human monocyte chemotaxis and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor: role in vascular disease of diabetes and aging. (1990)

Diabetes and aging are commonly accompanied by arterio- and atherosclerosis. Infiltration of the arterial subendothelial intima by macrophages/monocytes is an important early event preceding the development of atheromatous lesions; these macrophages are known to produce mitogenic factors in early atherosclerotic lesions. It has been previously shown that, over time, vascular matrix accumulates proteins nonenzymatically modified by advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In view of the fact that macrophages/monocytes have AGE-specific receptors associated with the expression of several growth factors, we investigated the possibility that AGEs mediate initial monocyte-vessel wall interactions that occur before overt formation of vascular lesions. This study demonstrates that (i) in vitro- and in vivo-formed AGEs are chemotactic for human blood monocytes, (ii) sub-endothelial AGEs can selectively induce monocyte migration across an intact endothelial cell monolayer, and (iii) subsequent monocyte interaction with AGE-containing matrix results in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor. These results support the existing hypothesis that in vivo-forming glucose-derived protein adducts can act as signals for the normal turnover of senescent tissue protein by means of the AGE-specific receptor system. Time-dependent glucose-induced deposition of AGEs on matrix proteins may promote monocyte infiltration into the subendothelium. Subsequent AGE-triggered macrophage activation and consequent elaboration of proliferative factors may normally coordinate remodeling but may also lead to the diverse pathogenic changes typical of arterio- and atherosclerosis in diabetic or aging populations.
A research and implementation of on-vehicle detection System of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2009)

This paper provides and describes a method of on-vehicle detection system of Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV). Some functions like data detection, analysis, process and the control of Hybrid Electric model can be implemented based on LCD and touch screen interface. The designed system is not limited on normal processes of vehicle parameters such as speed, miles, rotation speed of engine, voltage and current, but includes the status of both vehicle and Hybrid Electric system's drive such as pile voltage, pile capability and residual miles. The testing subject of serial HEV is an alternated BJ212 jeep. The result of the experiment shows the designed system can accord with common driving habits, thus makes it a high practical value.
High mobility n-type charge carriers in large single crystals of anatase (TiO2) (1994)

Resistivity, thermopower, and Hall-effect measurements on large single crystals of the anatase form of TiO2 all indicate high mobility n-type carriers that are produced by thermal excitation from a density of ∼1018 cm−3 putatively present shallow donor states. The decrease of the mobility with increasing temperature is consistent with the scattering of carriers by the optical phonons of TiO2.
Estrogen receptor β protects against acoustic trauma in mice (2008)

The hormone estradiol affects the auditory system both by itself and by its interaction with neuroprotective factors. In this study, we examined the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in response to auditory trauma. We found a ligand-dependent protective role for ERbeta in the auditory system by investigating mice deficient in ERalpha (ERKO mice), ERbeta (BERKO mice), and aromatase (ARKO mice). Basal auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were similar in all animals. An acoustic trauma causing a temporary hearing loss raised ABR thresholds in male and female BERKO and ARKO mice compared with WT and ERKO mice. The ERalpha-selective agonist, propyl(1H) pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl-trisphenol (PPT), partially protected ARKO mice from trauma, while the ERbeta-selective agonist, 2,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), protected WT and ARKO mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed the expression of ERbeta in cochlea of WT males and females. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotective peptide that can be induced by estrogen, was lower in BERKO and ARKO mice compared with WT. DPN treatment increased BDNF expression in ARKO mice. These data indicate ERbeta-mediated neuroprotection involving BDNF in the auditory system of males and females.