gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compression of complex-valued SAR images (1999)

Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) are coherent imaging systems that produce complex-valued images of the ground. Because modern systems can generate large amounts of data, there is substantial interest in applying image compression techniques to these products. We examine the properties of complex-valued SAR images relevant to the task of data compression. We advocate the use of transform-based compression methods but employ radically different quantization strategies than those commonly used for incoherent optical images. The theory, methodology, and examples are presented.
Quality Management of Base and Subgrade Materials with Seismic Methods (2002)

The acceptance criteria for compacted geomaterials (such as base and subgrade) are typically based on adequate in-place density. Unfortunately, the design of a given project is based on engineering parameters, such as strength and stiffness. A procedure based on seismic techniques to measure the modulus layer by layer shortly after placement is presented. The major advantage of seismic methods is that similar results are anticipated from the field and laboratory tests as long as the material is tested under comparable conditions. This unique feature of seismic methods in material characterization is particularly significant in quality control and quality assurance for ground treatment before, during, and after construction. Simplified field and laboratory tests are suggested that can be performed and interpreted rapidly and nondestructively so that problem materials can be identified before construction and any problems during the construction process can be adjusted. The field and laboratory methods are incorporated so the results can be readily reconciled without any scaling or simplifying assumptions. The simplified laboratory tests can be used to develop the ranges of acceptable properties for a given material. Nondestructive field tests can be performed to determine whether the contractor has achieved the minimum specified stiffness. A concept that uses seismic nondestructive testing technology to evaluate compacted materials and describes the equipment and setups developed for implementing the technology in both field and laboratory tests is presented. The methods have shown promise as practical tools for use by the highway and construction industries. Currently, the procedure is being implemented on a trial basis by the Texas Department of Transportation.
Identification of a Novel Chemokine (CCL28), which Binds CCR10 (GPR2) (2000)

We report the identification and characterization of a novel CC chemokine designated CCL28 and its receptor CCR10, known previously as orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR2. Human and mouse CCL28 share 83% identity at the amino acid and 76% at the nucleic acid levels. We also identified the mouse homologues of CCL28 and of CCR10, which map to mouse chromosomes 13 and 11, respectively. CCL28 is expressed in a variety of human and mouse tissues, and it appears to be predominantly produced by epithelial cells. Both human and mouse CCL28 induce calcium mobilization in human and mouse CCR10-expressing transfectants. CCL28 desensitized the calcium mobilization induced in CCR10 transfectants by CCL27, indicating that these chemokines share this new chemokine receptor. In vitro, recombinant human CCL28 displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells.
Establishment of titration system for human herpesvirus 6 and evaluation of neutralizing antibody response to the virus (1989)

The susceptibilities of seven T-cell lines to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection were examined. MT-4 cells were the most susceptible of these lines to infection with this virus. Therefore, chemically adhered MT-4 cell monolayers were used for infectious HHV-6 assay by indirect immunofluorescent-antibody (IFA) staining. When cell monolayers were fixed 30 to 45 h postinfection, the foci stained with IFA were easy to count and a linear relationship was observed between the number of foci and the virus concentration. MT-4 cell monolayers were also used for a focus reduction neutralizing-antibody test. In this test, sera from patients in the convalescent stage of exanthem subitum all showed significant neutralizing activity (1:80 to 1:320), whereas sera from patients in the acute stage of disease showed no detectable neutralizing activity. The titers of neutralizing antibody correlated well with the levels of anti-HHV-6 antibodies detected by IFA.
Femtomolar concentrations of dextromethorphan protect mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from inflammatory damage (2005)

Inflammation in the brain has increasingly been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Progress in the search for effective therapeutic strategies that can halt this degenerative process remains limited. We previously showed that micromolar concentrations of dextromethorphan (DM), a major ingredient of widely used antitussive remedies, reduced the inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through the inhibition of microglial activation. In this study, we report that femto- and micromolar concentrations of DM (both pre- and post-treatment) showed equal efficacy in protecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced dopaminergic neuron death in midbrain neuron-glia cultures. Both concentrations of DM decreased LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2 and superoxide from microglia in comparable degrees. The important role of superoxide was demonstrated by DM's failure to show a neuroprotective effect in neuron-glia cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient mice. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect elicited by femtomolar concentrations of DM is mediated through the inhibition of LPS-induced proinflammatory factors, especially superoxide. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic concept of using "ultra-low" drug concentrations for the intervention of inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Vasopressor Response to Angiotensin II Infusion in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Receiving β-Blockers (2003)

The vasopressor response to Ang II infusion in patients treated with carvedilol was significantly lower than in patients treated with metoprolol. Whether this is due to the alpha1-adrenergic blocking or other ancillary properties of carvedilol warrants further investigation.
Analysis of the Bilingual Queries in a Chinese Web Search Engine (2006)

In this research, we report our analysis of the bilingual (Chinese and English) search queries collected from a Chinese Web search engine. In particular, we classified the mixed queries into a few categories and tried to explore users ’ behaviors when conducting searches.
Role of Reduced Exogenous Organic Compounds in the Physiology of the Blue-Green Bacteria (Algae): Photoheterotrophic Growth of an “Autotrophic” Blue-Green Bacterium (1973)

The unicellular blue-green bacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain BG-1 was found to be capable of rapid photoheterotrophic growth but unable to grow in the dark on a variety of reduced organic substrates. The generation time on glycerol was 12 h, and on CO2, 3 h. Glycerol carbon was converted into cellular carbon with a very high efficiency. This high efficiency of carbon conversion, the action spectrum for growth on glycerol, cell pigmentation, gas exchange measurements, and immediate ability of photoheterotrophically grown cells to evolve O2 (upon the addition of CO2) suggest the involvement of both photosystems I and II of photosynthesis during photoheterotrophic growth.
Application of Silver-Coated Magnetic Microspheres to a SERS-Based Optofluidic Sensor (2011)

Silver-coated magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4/Ag core/shell) were fabricated for use as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The surface morphology of the microspheres was characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy and field emission transmission electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was also employed to analyze the elemental composition of the structures. Malachite green was used as a model analyte to evaluate the performance of the microspheres as a SERS-active substrate and validate the SERS effect. The prepared microspheres possessed both magnetic and SERS properties. In addition, a microfluidic device with solenoids was designed and fabricated for a facile trace analysis. The solenoid chip allowed us to control the alignment of the magnetic microspheres on the wall of the microfluidic channel. Target samples were introduced into the channel and adsorbed on the surface of trapped silver-coated magnetic microspheres. SERS signals were then measured using a confocal Raman microscope. It is believed that a SERS-based optofluidic sensor with silver-coated magnetic microspheres can be successfully applied to microenvironmental analysis and other highly sensitive bioanalyses.
GE FRST EVALUATION REPORT: HOW WELL DOES A STATISTICALLY‐BASED NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM SCORE NATURAL LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTED‐RESPONSES? (1995)

ABSTRACT There is a considerable interest at Educational Testing Service (ETS) to include performance‐based, natural language constructed‐response items on standarized tests. Such items can be developed, but the projected time and costs required to have these items scored by human graders would be prohibitive. In order for ETS to include these types of items on standardized tests, automated scoring systems need to be developed and evaluated. Automated scoring systems could decrease the time and costs required for human graders to score these items. This report details the evaluation of a statistically‐based scoring system, the General Electric Free‐Response Scoring Tool (GE FRST). GE FRST was designed to score short‐answer, constructed‐responses of up to 17 words. The report describes how the system performs for responses on three different item types. For the sake of efficiency, it is important to evaluate systems on a number of item types to see if the system's scoring method can generalize to a number of item types.
DNA Origami with Complex Curvatures in Three-Dimensional Space (2011)

We present a strategy to design and construct self-assembling DNA nanostructures that define intricate curved surfaces in three-dimensional (3D) space using the DNA origami folding technique. Double-helical DNA is bent to follow the rounded contours of the target object, and potential strand crossovers are subsequently identified. Concentric rings of DNA are used to generate in-plane curvature, constrained to 2D by rationally designed geometries and crossover networks. Out-of-plane curvature is introduced by adjusting the particular position and pattern of crossovers between adjacent DNA double helices, whose conformation often deviates from the natural, B-form twist density. A series of DNA nanostructures with high curvature--such as 2D arrangements of concentric rings and 3D spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and a nanoflask--were assembled.
The Homeodomain of PDX-1 Mediates Multiple Protein-Protein Interactions in the Formation of a Transcriptional Activation Complex on the Insulin Promoter (2000)

Activation of insulin gene transcription specifically in the pancreatic beta cells depends on multiple nuclear proteins that interact with each other and with sequences on the insulin gene promoter to build a transcriptional activation complex. The homeodomain protein PDX-1 exemplifies such interactions by binding to the A3/4 region of the rat insulin I promoter and activating insulin gene transcription by cooperating with the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein E47/Pan1, which binds to the adjacent E2 site. The present study provides evidence that the homeodomain of PDX-1 acts as a protein-protein interaction domain to recruit multiple proteins, including E47/Pan1, BETA2/NeuroD1, and high-mobility group protein I(Y), to an activation complex on the E2A3/4 minienhancer. The transcriptional activity of this complex results from the clustering of multiple activation domains capable of interacting with coactivators and the basal transcriptional machinery. These interactions are not common to all homeodomain proteins: the LIM homeodomain protein Lmx1.1 can also activate the E2A3/4 minienhancer in cooperation with E47/Pan1 but does so through different interactions. Cooperation between Lmx1.1 and E47/Pan1 results not only in the aggregation of multiple activation domains but also in the unmasking of a potent activation domain on E47/Pan1 that is normally silent in non-beta cells. While more than one activation complex may be capable of activating insulin gene transcription through the E2A3/4 minienhancer, each is dependent on multiple specific interactions among a unique set of nuclear proteins.
Assembly in vitro of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 encapsulin and peroxidase DypB to form a nanocompartment (2013)

Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 peroxidase DypB has been recently identified as a bacterial lignin peroxidase. The dypB gene is cotranscribed with a gene encoding an encapsulin protein, which has been shown in Thermotoga maritima to assemble to form a 60-subunit nanocompartment, and DypB contains a C-terminal sequence motif that is thought to target the protein to the encapsulin nanocompartment. R. jostii RHA1 encapsulin protein was overexpressed in R. jostii RHA1, and purified as a high-Mr assembly (Mr > 10(6)). The purified nanocompartment could be disassembled to form a low-Mr species by treatment at pH 3.0, and reassembled to form an assembly of similar size and shape, as assessed by dynamic light scattering. Recombinant DypB could be assembled in vitro with monomeric encapsulin to form an assembly of similar size to the encapsulin-only nanocompartment, as assessed by gel filtration. The assembled complex showed enhanced lignin degradation activity per milligram of DypB present as compared with native DypB, as determined with a nitrated lignin UV-visible assay method. The measured stoichiometry of 8.6 μmol encapsulin/μmol DypB in the complex was similar to the value of 10 predicted from the crystal structure.
Water-Processable Polymer−Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics (2010)

We report the synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of composite nanocrystals composed of a tellurium core functionalized with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Solution processed nanocrystal films electronically out perform both PEDOT:PSS and unfunctionalized Te nanorods while retaining a polymeric thermal conductivity, resulting in a room temperature ZT ∼ 0.1. This combination of electronic and thermal transport indicates the potential for tailored transport in nanoscale organic/inorganic heterostructures.
PCR array on chip - thermal characterization (2004)

This paper presents thermal analysis simulation and verification of a 50-nanoliter-reactor PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) well for application in silicon arrays, allowing 5/spl times/5 chamber matrix to be fitted on a 1cm/sup 2/ square. Every reactor cell is equipped with an integrated heater, temperature sensor and a photodetector. Each well forms a separate unit independently controlled and thermally insulated from the rest. Through micromachining the thermal capacity of each chamber is minimized, enabling rapid (8 - 10 cycles per minute) PCR cycling. To characterize the thermal behavior, an equivalent lumped element electrical circuit was defined and the results were compared to those obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis with CoventorWare/spl trade/. The proposed structure was implemented on a silicon substrate using a standard CMOS process and post-processing. Experiments were performed for verification of the model. Analysis shows that a temperature of about 95/spl deg/C can be reached (starting from 55/spl deg/C) by applying 1.5 W of electrical power in the integrated heater over a period of less than 2.5 seconds. The cooling (not active - self cooling) of the device is done in about 1.5 second.
Convolutional neural networks for low-resource morpheme segmentation: baseline or state-of-the-art? (2019)

We apply convolutional neural networks to the task of shallow morpheme segmentation using low-resource datasets for 5 different languages. We show that both in fully supervised and semi-supervised settings our model beats previous state-of-the-art approaches. We argue that convolutional neural networks reflect local nature of morpheme segmentation better than other neural approaches.
New indoor navigation system for visually impaired people using visible light communication (2013)

In this study, we propose an indoor navigation system that utilizes visible light communication technology, which employs LED lights and a geomagnetic correction method, aimed at supporting visually impaired people who travel indoors. To verify the effectiveness of this system, we conducted an experiment targeting visually impaired people. Although acquiring accurate positional information and detecting directions indoors is difficult, we confirmed that using this system, accurate positional information and travel direction can be obtained utilizing visible light communication technology, which employs LED lights, and correcting the values of the geomagnetic sensor integrated in a smartphone.
POTSHARDS: Secure Long-Term Archival Storage Without Encryption (2006)

Modern archival storage systems either store data in the clear, ignoring security, or rely on keyed encryption to ensure privacy. However, the use of encryption is a major concern when data must be stored an indefinite period of time—key management becomes increasingly difficult as file lifetimes increase, and data loss becomes increasingly likely because keys are a single point of failure and losing a key is comparable to data deletion. Moreover, traditional systems are subject to the obsolescence of encryption algorithms themselves, which can expose petabytes of data the instant a cryptographic algorithm is broken. To address these concerns, we developed POT-SHARDS, an archival storage system that addresses the long-term security needs of data with very long lifetimes without the use of encryption. POTSHARDS separates security and redundancy by utilizing two levels of secret splitting in a way that allows the original data to be reconstructed from the stored pieces. However, the data structures used in POTSHARDS are also designed in such a way that an unauthorized user attempting to collect sufficient shares to reconstruct any data will not go unnoticed because it is very difficult to launch a targeted attack on the system, even with unrestricted access to a few archives. Since POTSHARDS provides secure storage for arbitrarily long periods of time, its data structures include built-in support for consistency checking and data migration. An evaluation of our POTSHARDS implementation shows that it stores and retrieves data at 2.5–5 MB/s, demonstrates its ability to recover user data given all of the pieces a user has stored across the archives, and shows its ability to recover from the loss of an entire archive.
Characterization of a human interleukin 1 inhibitor. (1985)

Human urine contains a specific inhibitor of interleukin 1 (IL 1) that is found in increased amounts during fever. This inhibitor was purified by using a sequence of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A (Con A) Sepharose, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two peaks of IL 1 inhibitory material were eluted from the polyacrylamide gels. One peak contained three proteins of 29, 32, and 67 kd, respectively, which could be visualized by silver staining. The second peak contained only a small amount of the 67 kd protein. A partially purified inhibitor fraction was found to cross-react with antisera directed against two low m.w. urine trypsin inhibitors that are cleavage products of the serum inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. Although these findings suggest that the urine IL 1 inhibitor may be related to the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, a more exact identification will require either a homogeneous inhibitor preparation or a monospecific antiserum.
Placebo controlled trials are needed to provide data on effectiveness of active treatment (1996)

ing the dataset specification; training and continuing support of those who collect data; and the development and testing of in house database and reporting systems.To date, 108 units have been recruited-that is, 46% of the units in England and Wales.5With a remit to be self financing within two years, the audit is run on a cost recovery basis and makes a small annual charge to each participating unit.It should be noted that the extraction, collection, and entry of accurate data require resources for staff, software, and hardware.The total cost, however, is barely 1% of the annual budget for an average intensive care unit.The centre was established as a charitable company separate from the society so that it could pro- vide independent and objective audit and research into intensive care.As well as providing feedback to units for audit purposes, the resultant database will be a valuable resource for research.Through the centre's work with the Cochrane Collaboration, identifying and systematically reviewing trials relevant to intensive care, we hope to contribute to the scientific evidence on which future practice in intensive care should be based.Without a role model to follow, we have learnt several lessons along the way-for example, how to deal with confidentiality and the ownership of data.If the orthopaedic surgeons take up Sochart and colleagues' call we would be happy to share our experiences.
Phase I trial of taxol given as a 3-hour infusion every 21 days. (1986)

Taxol is a unique plant product that promotes in vitro assembly of microtubules. In a phase I trial, adults with advanced solid tumors were given taxol (formulated with cremophor EL and dehydrated alcohol) as a 3-hour iv infusion every 21 days. The total dose administered ranged from 15 to 230 mg/m2 in nine escalation steps. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, stomatitis, transient rashes, increases in serum triglyceride levels, and hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Hypersensitivity reactions characterized by acute dyspnea, generalized erythema, and hypotension immediately following the initiation of the taxol infusion occurred in three of five patients receiving greater than or equal to 190 mg/m2 (18% of patients overall). No antitumor activity was observed. Hypersensitivity reactions constituted a treatment-limiting toxicity for this preparation of taxol given on this schedule over the dosage range examined. With the severity and unpredictability of the hypersensitivity reactions, further usage of taxol is not indicated with this drug formulation on this administration schedule. Further studies are warranted to uncover ways to permit the safe administration of taxol.
Elucidation of the Hydrolytical Properties of α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates as a New Potential Pro-Oligonucleotide Concept (1999)

Abstract The synthesis of Fpmp-protected α-hydroxybenzylphosphonate modified oligonucleotides as potential new pro-oligonucleotides is described. The proposed hydrolytic pathways of the oligonucleotides were studied using two dimers 2 and 4 and the tetramer 6 containing one α-hydroxybenzyl modification as model compounds.
Affinity Chromatography: Template Chromatography of Nucleic Acids and Proteins (1984)

This book informs the reader about the practical methods, possibilities, and limits of template chromatography. It shows the various techniques for immobilization of nucleic acids fragments, polynucleotides, and nucleic acids by which the desired separation of materials can be achieved.