gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of subcellular and cellular expression patterns of cyclin B1 in renal cell carcinoma is significantly related to clinical progression and survival of patients (2006)

Cyclin B1, identified as a regulator of late cell cycle, is involved in the development and progression of a variety of human malignancies. To clarify the role of cyclin B1 in the pathogenesis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), protein expression was compared with clinicopathological characteristics of patients as well as the long-term survival after surgical therapy. Expression analysis was carried out by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray analysis. The microarrays that represented the primary tumors, their invasion front and normal peritumoral renal parenchyma contained 753 tissue cores obtained from 251 randomly selected nephrectomy specimens. Immunopositivity within the primary tumors was significantly associated with tumor stage (pT) (p < 0.01), lymph node status (pN) (p < 0.01) as well as the presence of systemic metastatic disease (p = 0.01). Subcellular expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells significantly correlated with pT (p = 0.02) and pN (p = 0.03). When peritumoral tissue samples exhibited a relative amount of <10% of positively reacting epithelial cells, cyclin B positivity was identified to predict long-term survival of patients in univariate analysis (p < 0.01) whereas borderline significance was observed in multivariate statistical analysis (p = 0.05). Increased intratumoral cyclin B1 positivity and aberrant localization of signals within the cytoplasm of tumor cells is positively correlated with the tendency towards tumor progression, indicating the significant role of cyclin B1 in the development and pathogenesis of RCC. The result of uni- and multivariate statistical analysis suggests the prognostic value of cyclin B1 for RCC patients.
ENHANCED PERSPECTIVE: Small RNA Chaperones for Ribosome Biogenesis (1995)

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812, USA. A set of small nuclear RNAs of 50 to 200 nucleotides resides in the nucleolus of the cell, the region of the nucleus in which ribosomes are made. J. A. Steitz and K. T. Tycowski discuss what is known about how these RNAs participate in the conversion of the long precursor RNAs to the mature 18 S , 5.8 S , and 28 S rRNAs of the ribosome.
Antibody Targeted Chemotherapy (2001)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Calicheamicin CMA-676 CMB-401 Conclusions
Fluorine for Hydroxy Substitution in Biogenic Amines: Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorine-18-Labeled .beta.-Fluorophenylalkylamines as Model Systems (1995)

This work explores the biomimetic potential of [18F]fluorine for hydroxy substitution in beta-phenethanolamines as a possible strategy for developing radiotracers for in vivo imaging. Stereospecific syntheses of the two model compounds (1R,2S)-1-[18F]fluoro-1-deoxyephedrine ([18F]FDE) and (1S,2S)-1-[18F]fluoro-1-deoxypseudoephedrine ([18F]FDP) were achieved in high radiochemical yield (62%, decay corrected) and high specific activity (> 2500 Ci/mmol) by reaction of [18F]fluoride ion with the appropriate chiral cyclic sulfamidate precursor. Both tracers exhibited good stability toward metabolic defluorination in vivo. High, homogeneous brain uptake (approximately 8% of injected dose) was observed after intravenous injection in mice similar to that reported for the structurally related analog [11C]methamphetamine. The 1R,2S isomer (FDE) showed a 3-fold higher concentration of radioactivity in whole brain as compared to the 1S,2S isomer (FDP). These results suggest possible employment of this strategy for chiral radiolabeling of biologically important phenethanolamines and catecholamines.
Immunofluorescence studies on autoantibodies to steroid-producing cells, and to germline cells in endocrine disease and infertility. (1980)

This study was aimed at comparing the clinical significance of antibodies to steroid-producing cells with reactions to gonadal germline cells in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine diseases and isolated infertility or amenorrhoea respectively. Indirect immunofluorescence was used on human adrenal, ovary and testis. The gonad substrates were compared with rat, rabbit and monkey glands. 152 adrenal-positive sera were selected from 1030 that had been tested on adrenal cortex. Antibodies to steroid-producing cells in the gonads were found in fifty of these 152 selected cases and were studied in detail. When using human gonads as substrates, steroid-producing-cell antibodies were never detected in the absence of adrenal cortical immunofluorescence, though false-positive reactions were sometimes obtained on rat or rabbit gonads. Adrenal antibodies as well as those to steroid-producing cells were most frequent in Addisonian cases having one or more additional endocrine disease. The frequency of both types of antibody was lower in patients with Addison's disease and no other disorder but showing evidence of `polyendocrine serology'. Both antibodies were found least frequently when adrenalitis was unassociated with clinical or subclinical autoimmunity in other organs. We were able to confirm the immunofluorescence patterns described by other authors on adrenal gland and gonads, as well as the independent rise or fall in titre of these two types of antibodies in individual cases with time. Prolonged follow-up of forty-two Addisonian patients showed that adrenal antibodies disappeared in seven instances (17%). Ovum and sperm antibodies were found in about 25% of infertility cases and a smaller proportion of polyendocrine patients. Germline cell antibodies were rarely associated with other organ-specific reactions. In two cases, amenorrhoea was due to partial pituitary deficiency and the sera of the patients contained antibodies to pituitary prolactin-cells. Testicular `basement membrane' or `Sertoli-cell' immunofluorescence were each observed in isolated cases and are discussed in relation to known non-organ-specific and heterophile patterns. The significance of zona pellucida fluorescence in relation to blood group substances requires further study on human ova obtained by aspiration from mature Graafian follicles.
Monolithic Chip for High-throughput Blood Cell Depletion to Sort Rare Circulating Tumor Cells (2017)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a treasure trove of information regarding the location, type and stage of cancer and are being pursued as both a diagnostic target and a means of guiding personalized treatment. Most isolation technologies utilize properties of the CTCs themselves such as surface antigens (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule or EpCAM) or size to separate them from blood cell populations. We present an automated monolithic chip with 128 multiplexed deterministic lateral displacement devices containing ~1.5 million microfabricated features (12 µm-50 µm) used to first deplete red blood cells and platelets. The outputs from these devices are serially integrated with an inertial focusing system to line up all nucleated cells for multi-stage magnetophoresis to remove magnetically-labeled white blood cells. The monolithic CTC-iChip enables debulking of blood samples at 15-20 million cells per second while yielding an output of highly purified CTCs. We quantified the size and EpCAM expression of over 2,500 CTCs from 38 patient samples obtained from breast, prostate, lung cancers, and melanoma. The results show significant heterogeneity between and within single patients. Unbiased, rapid, and automated isolation of CTCs using monolithic CTC-iChip will enable the detailed measurement of their physicochemical and biological properties and their role in metastasis.
Psoralen Plus Long-Wave UV-A (PUVA) and Bexarotene Therapy (2003)

The addition of PUVA to a multimodality immunomodulatory regimen in patients with Sézary syndrome can result in rapid and sustained remission of both skin and blood-borne disease. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
Super-Hydrophobicity of Large-Area Honeycomb-Like Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Honeycomb-like aligned carbon nanotube films were grown by pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine. The patterned structure was characterized by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and an atomic force micrograph (AFM). Wettability studies revealed the film surface showed a super-hydrophobic property with much higher contact angle (163.4 ± 1.4°) and lower sliding angle (less than 5°)a water droplet moved easily on the surface. In contrast to a densely packed aligned carbon nanotube, the sliding feature was strongly affected by microstructure of surface.
New types of antimicrobial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum (1999)

New types of antimicrobial compounds were identified in the culture filtrate of Lactobacillus plantarum VTT E-78076. Activity was detected in the low molecular mass fraction separated by gel chromatography. This fraction totally inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative test organism, Pantoea agglomerans (Enterobacter agglomerans) VTT E-90396. Characteristic compounds from this fraction were identified by GC/MS-analysis and the identification was confirmed using pure commercial reference compounds in identical chromatographs and in antimicrobial tests. The active fraction included benzoic acid (CAS 65-85-0), 5-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione (CAS 616-03-5, methylhydantoin), tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H- pyran-2-one (CAS 674-26-0, mevalonolactone) and 3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5-piperazinedione (CAS 5845-67-0, cyclo(glycyl-L-leucyl)). These compounds in concentrations of 10 ppm inhibited growth of the test organism by 10-15% when acting separately, but 100% when all were applied together with 1% lactic acid. The inhibition was 40% by 1% lactic acid alone. The compounds were also active against Fusarium avenaceum (Gibberella avenacea) VTT-D-80147. The inhibition was 10-15% by separate compounds in concentrations of 10 ppm and maximally 20% in combinations. Fungal growth was not inhibited by lactic acid. Inhibition by unfractionated Lact. plantarum culture filtrate was 37% and by the low molecular mass fraction, 27%.
Genetic evidence for a repressor of synthesis of cytosine deaminase and purine biosynthesis enzymes in Escherichia coli (1989)

Addition of purines to the growth medium of Escherichia coli represses synthesis of cytosine deaminase (codA) and enzymes of purine de novo synthesis. After Tn10 mutagenesis, mutants displaying derepressed levels of cytosine deaminase in the presence of hypoxanthine were isolated. One of these had simultaneously acquired resistance to the hypoxanthine analog 6-mercaptopurine. The mutation purR6::Tn10 was shown to affect de novo synthesis of the purine enzymes glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (purF) and phosphoribosyl glycinamide synthetase (purD). The mutation was mapped by P1 transduction at 36 min on the E. coli linkage map. A plasmid containing the purR region was obtained by complementation of the purR6::Tn10 mutation. By comparing the restriction maps of the cloned fragment and the E. coli chromosome, the purR gene was found to be located very close to the lpp gene (36.3 min).
Space or time adaptive signal processing by neural network models (1986)

Part I. Starting from the properties of networks with backward lateral inhibitions, we define an algorithm for adaptive spatial sampling of line‐structured images. Applications to character recognition are straightforward.Part II. Let be an array of n sensors, each sensitive to an unknown linear combination of n sources. This is a classical problem in Signal Processing. But what is less classical is to extract each source signal without any knowledge either about those signals or about their combination in the sensors outputs. The only assumption is that the sources are independent.This problem emerged from recent studies on neural networks where any message appears as an unknown mixing of primary entities which are to be ‘‘discovered’’. According to the model of neural networks, we propose an algorithm based on: i − a network of fully interconnected processors (like neurons in a small volume of the Central Nervous System). ii − A law which controls the weights of the interconnections, derived from the Hebb concept for ‘‘Synaptic plasticity’’ in Physiology, and very close to the well know ‘‘stochastic gradient algorithm’’ in Signal Processing.This asociation result in a permanent selfearning mechanism which leads to a continuously up‐dating model of the sensor array information structure.After convergence, the algorithm provides output signals directly proportional to the independent primitive source signals.
[Chemical constituents from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz]. (1992)

Rutaevin was isolated from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus. It has been obtained from genus Dictamnus for the first time.
Immunization of mice after airborne infection with various strains of BCG. (1978)

The growth of 6 strains of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the lungs of mice was compared after direct implantation into those organs. Bacilli of the Connaught, Pasteur, Phipps, and Tice strains multiplied appreciably in the lungs and disseminated into the spleen In contrast, BCG Birkhaug and Glaxo strains did not replicate in the lungs or spread to the spleen. The immunizing ability of 3 of these strains was examined in more detail. Aerosol infection with BCG Glaxo, Pasteur, or Phipps strains produced resistance to subsequent pulmonary challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis RIRv. Such immunity was significantly greater in mice immunized with the Pasteur and Phipps strains and was not attributable to nonspecific resistance. Spleen cells from mice immunized with these 3 strains of BCG conferred similar degrees of immunity to intravenous challenge with M. tuberculosis on syngenic recipients. It was concluded that growth of BCG in the lungs influenced the degree of local immunity but not the degree of systemic immunity.
Characterization of nanoporous Si thin films obtained by Al–Si phase separation (2005)

Nanoporous silicon films of ultrahigh pore densities and large surface areas have been fabricated by sputtering an Al–Si target and subsequent removal of the deposited film’s Al regions by etching in a sulfuric acid solution. The resulting nanoporous films are mainly composed of amorphous silicon and have cylindrical pores with an average pore density exceeding 1016pores∕m2. These nanoporous films can be crystallized by thermal annealing in a H2 atmosphere to improve their electrical properties. The electrical properties of the crystallized nanoporous films, which behave as p-type semiconductors, are very similar to those of electrochemically etched porous Si.
Software support for outboard buffering and checksumming (1995)

Data copying and checksumming are the most expensive operations when doing high-bandwidth network IO over a high-speed network. Under some conditions, outboard buffering and checksumming can eliminate accesses to the data, thus making communication less expensive and faster. One of the scenarios in which outboard buffering pays off is the common case of applications accessing the network using the Berkeley sockets interface and the Internet protocol stack. In this paper we describe the changes that were made to a BSD protocol stack to make use of a network adaptor that supports outboard buffering and checksumming. Our goal is not only to achieve "single copy" communication for application that use sockets, but to also have efficient communication for in-kernel applications and for applications using other networks. Performance measurements show that for large reads and writes the single-copy path through the stack is significantly more efficient than the original implementation.
Asymptotic Mutual Information Statistics of Separately Correlated Rician Fading MIMO Channels (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The asymptotic probability distribution of the mutual information of a separately correlated Rician fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel is addressed. The mean and variance of the mutual information are derived when the number of transmit and receive antennas grows asymptotically large while their ratio approaches a finite constant. This derivation is based on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">replica method</emphasis>, widely used in theoretical physics and, more recently, in the analysis of communication systems (code-division multiple access (CDMA) and MIMO). Though the replica method allows to analyze complex systems in a comparatively simple way, some authors pointed out that its assumptions are not always rigorous. It is shown that the mutual information converges asymptotically to a Gaussian distribution under mild technical conditions, which are tantamount to assuming that the spatial correlation structure has no asymptotically dominant eigenmodes. The accuracy of the asymptotic approach is assessed by numerical results. It is shown that the approximation is very accurate in a wide range of system settings, even when the number of transmit and receive antennas is as small as a few units. </para>
Dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography using contrast enhancement, fast data acquisition, and complex subtraction (1996)

A dynamic MR angiography technique, MR digital subtraction angiography (MR DSA), is proposed using fast acquisition, contrast enhancement, and complex subtraction. When a bolus of contrast is injected into a patient, data acquisition begins, dynamically acquiring a thick slab using a fast gradient echo sequence for 10-100 s. Similar to x-ray DSA, a mask is selected from the images without contrast enhancement, and later images are subtracted from the mask to generate angiograms. Complex subtraction is used to overcome the partial volume effects related to the phase difference between the flowing and stationary magnetization in a voxel. Vessel signal is the enhancement of flow magnetization resulting from the contrast bolus. MR DSA was performed in 28 patients, including vessels in the lungs, brains, legs, abdomen, and pelvis. All targeted vessels were well depicted with MR DSA. Corresponding dynamic information (contrast arrival time ta and duration of the arterial phase tav) was measured: ta/tav = 3.4/4.7 s for the lung, 10.3/4.9 s for the brain, 12.8/19.3 for the aorta, 15.2/12.6 s for the leg. MR DSA can provide dynamic angiographic images using a very short acquisition time.
Heparan Sulfate-modified CD44 Promotes Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor-induced Signal Transduction through the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Met (1999)

CD44 has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, but the mechanism(s) involved is as yet poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that CD44 isoforms containing the alternatively spliced exon v3 carry heparan sulfate side chains and are able to bind heparin-binding growth factors. In the present study, we have explored the possibility of a physical and functional interaction between CD44 and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), the ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. The HGF/SF-c-Met pathway mediates cell growth and motility and has been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. We demonstrate that a CD44v3 splice variant efficiently binds HGF/SF via its heparan sulfate side chain. To address the functional relevance of this interaction, Namalwa Burkitt's lymphoma cells were stably co-transfected with c-Met and either CD44v3 or the isoform CD44s, which lacks heparan sulfate. We show that, as compared with CD44s, CD44v3 promotes: (i) HGF/SF-induced phosphorylation of c-Met, (ii) phosphorylation of several downstream proteins, and (iii) activation of the MAP kinases ERK1 and -2. By heparitinase treatment and the use of a mutant HGF/SF with greatly decreased affinity for heparan sulfate, we show that the enhancement of c-Met signal transduction induced by CD44v3 was critically dependent on heparan sulfate moieties. Our results identify heparan sulfate-modified CD44 (CD44-HS) as a functional co-receptor for HGF/SF which promotes signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met, presumably by concentrating and presenting HGF/SF. As both CD44-HS and c-Met are overexpressed on several types of tumors, we propose that the observed functional collaboration might be instrumental in promoting tumor growth and metastasis.
Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography (2001)

Introduction to optical coherence tomography. Technology: optical coherence tomography theory optical sources reference optical delay scanning scanning probe design system integration and signal/image processing speckle reduction techniques Doppler OCT polarization sensitive OCT optical coherence microscopy full-field optical coherence microscopy spectral radar alternative OCT techniques. Applications: OCT for high-density data storage microstructure and damage characterization ofglass reinforced polymer composites using optical coherence tomography optical properties of biological tissue OCT in the diagnosis and management of posterior segment disorders OCT in the anterior segment developmental biology dermatology identification of neoplasias OCT in dentistry surgical guidance gynaecology cardiology otolaryngology urology.
View-independent recognition of hand postures (2002)

Since the human hand is highly articulated and deformable, hand posture recognition is a challenging example in the research on view-independent object recognition. Due to the difficulties of the model-based approach, the appearance-based learning approach is promising to handle large variation in visual inputs. However, the generalization of many proposed supervised learning methods to this problem often suffers from the insufficiency of labeled training data. This paper describes an approach to alleviate this difficulty by adding a large unlabeled training set. Combining supervised and unsupervised learning paradigms, a novel and powerful learning approach, the Discriminant-EM (D-EM) algorithm, is proposed in this paper to handle the case of a small labeled training set. Experiments show that D-EM outperforms many other learning methods. Based on this approach, we implement a gesture interface to recognize a set of predefined gesture commands, and it is also extended to hand detection. This algorithm can also apply to other object recognition tasks.