gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpolation based unitary precoding for spatial multiplexing MIMO-OFDM with limited feedback (2005)

Spatial multiplexing with linear precoding is a simple technique to take advantage of the high spectral efficiency provided by multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and it can be simply implemented over frequency selective channels by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This requires channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter in the form of the precoding matrices for all OFDM subcarriers, which can be achieved using feedback. To reduce the feedback requirements, this paper proposes a new precoding method incorporating quantization of a fraction of precoding matrices followed by a special interpolation at the transmitter. Since the precoding matrices are unitary, a new interpolator is proposed on the space of unitary matrices for which the outputs are also unitary. The parameters of the interpolator are optimized based on a mean square error (MSE) or mutual information criterion. Simulations show that performance near that of complete CSI can be achieved with a reasonable amount of feedback.
Identification of 2'-hydroxyl groups required for interaction of a tRNA anticodon stem-loop region with the ribosome. (1997)

Synthetic RNA stem loops corresponding to positions 28-42 in the anticodon region of tRNA(Phe) bind efficiently in an mRNA-dependent manner to ribosomes, whereas those made from DNA do not. In order to identify the positions where ribose is required, the anticodon stem-loop region of tRNA(Phe) (Escherichia coli) was synthesized chemically using a mixture of 2'-hydroxyl- and 2'-deoxynucleotide phosphoramidites. Oligonucleotides whose ribose composition allowed binding were retained selectively on nitrocellulose filters via binding to 30S ribosomal subunits. The binding-competent oligonucleotides were submitted to partial alkaline hydrolysis to identify the positions that were enriched for ribose. Quantification revealed a strong preference for a 2'-hydroxyl group at position U33. This was shown directly by the 50-fold lower binding affinity of a stem loop containing a single deoxyribose at position U33. Similarly, defective binding of the corresponding U33-2'-O-methyl-substituted stem-loop RNA suggests that absence of the 2'-hydroxyl group, rather than an altered sugar pucker, is responsible. Stem-loop oligoribonucleotides from different tRNAs with U33-deoxy substitutions showed similar, although quantitatively different effects, suggesting that intramolecular rather than tRNA-ribosome interactions are affected. Because the 2'-hydroxyl group of U33 was shown to be a major determinant of the U-turn of the anticodon loop in the crystal structure of tRNA(Phe) in yeast, our finding might indicate that the U-turn conformation in the anticodon loop is required and/or maintained when the tRNA is bound to the ribosomal P site.
Low-dose electron beam radiation and romidepsin therapy for symptomatic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma lesions (2012)

LEBT demonstrated significant responses at very low doses without additional toxicity in patients on protocol treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin. This merits formal investigation in a clinical trial for potential synergy in patients with CTCL.
Practice parameter: Diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review) (2001)

Diagnostic criteria for dementia have improved since the 1994 practice parameter. Further research is needed to improve clinical definitions of dementia and its subtypes, as well as to determine the utility of various instruments of neuroimaging, biomarkers, and genetic testing in increasing diagnostic accuracy.
Polymer brushes at curved surfaces (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer brushes at curved surfacesC. M. Wijmans and E. B. ZhulinaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 26, 7214–7224Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00078a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00078a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1798Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expanded Scope of Synthetic Bacteriochlorins via Improved Acid Catalysis Conditions and Diverse Dihydrodipyrrin-Acetals (2010)

Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates for a wide variety of photochemical studies owing to their strong absorption in the near-infrared spectral region. The prior acid-catalysis conditions [BF(3) x O(Et)(2) in CH(3)CN at room temperature] for self-condensation of a dihydrodipyrrin-acetal (bearing a geminal dimethyl group in the pyrroline ring) typically afforded a mixture of three macrocycles: the expected 5-methoxybacteriochlorin (MeOBC-type), a 5-unsubstituted bacteriochlorin (HBC-type), and a free base B,D-tetradehydrocorrin (TDC-type). Here, a broad survey of >20 acids identified four promising acid catalysis conditions of which TMSOTf/2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature was most attractive owing to formation of the 5-methoxybacteriochlorin as the sole macrocycle regardless of the pyrrolic substituents in the dihydrodipyrrin-acetal (electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, or no substituent). Eleven new dihydrodipyrrin-acetals were prepared following standard routes. Application of the new acid catalysis conditions has afforded diverse bacteriochlorins (e.g., bearing alkyl/ester, aryl/ester, diester, and no substituents) in a few days from commercially available starting materials. Consideration of the synthetic steps and yields for formation of the dihydrodipyrrin-acetal and bacteriochlorin underpins evaluation of synthetic plans for early installation of bacteriochlorin substituents via the dihydrodipyrrin-acetal versus late installation via derivatization of beta-bromobacteriochlorins. Treatment of the 5-methoxybacteriochlorins with NBS gave regioselective 15-bromination when no pyrrolic substituents were present or when each pyrrole contained two substituents; on the other hand, the presence of a beta-ethoxycarbonyl group caused loss of regioselectivity. The 15 new bacteriochlorins prepared herein exhibit a long-wavelength absorption band in the range 707-759 nm, providing tunable access to the near-infrared region. Taken together, this study expands the scope of available bacteriochlorins for fundamental studies and diverse applications.
Macromolecular crystal growth investigations using atomic force microscopy (2003)

Direct visualization of macromolecular crystal growth using atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided a powerful tool in the delineation of mechanisms and the kinetics of the growth process. It has further allowed us to evaluate the wide variety of impurities that are incorporated into crystals of proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. It is possible, using AFM, to image the defects and imperfections that afflict these crystals, the impurity layers that poison their surfaces, and the consequences of various factors on morphological development. All of these can be recorded under normal growth conditions, in native mother liquors, over time intervals ranging from minutes to days, and at the molecular level.
Multiple second messenger pathways of alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes expressed in eukaryotic cells. (1990)

The alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on cellular signaling systems via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins). Three alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes have been cloned: the alpha 1, the alpha 2-C10, and the alpha 2-C4 adrenergic receptors. To investigate functional differences between the different subtypes, we assessed the ability of each to interact with adenylyl cyclase and polyphosphoinositide metabolism by permanently and transiently expressing the DNAs encoding the alpha 1, the alpha 2-C10, and the alpha 2-C4 adrenergic receptors in cells lacking endogenous alpha-adrenergic receptors. Both alpha 2-C10 and alpha 2-C4 couple primarily to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and to a lesser extent to stimulation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. alpha 2-C10 inhibits adenylyl cyclase more efficiently than alpha 2-C4. Effects of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors on adenylyl cyclase inhibition and on polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis are both mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. The major coupling system of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor is activation of phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein. alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor stimulation can also increase intracellular cAMP by a mechanism that does not involve direct activation of adenylyl cyclase. As with the muscarinic cholinergic receptor family our results show that each of the alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes can couple to multiple signal transduction pathways and suggest several generalities about the effector coupling mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors.
Minireview: Secondary β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes—A Convergence of Glucotoxicity and Lipotoxicity (2002)

Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can exert deleterious effects on beta-cell function, respectively referred to as glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Over time, both contribute to the progressive deterioration of glucose homeostasis characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms of glucotoxicity involve several transcription factors and are, at least in part, mediated by generation of chronic oxidative stress. Lipotoxicity is probably mediated by accumulation of a cytosolic signal derived from the fatty acid esterification pathway. Our view that hyperglycemia is a prerequisite for lipotoxicity is supported by several recent studies performed in our laboratories. First, prolonged in vitro exposure of isolated islets to fatty acids decreases insulin gene expression in the presence of high glucose concentrations only, and glucose is rate-limiting for the incorporation of fatty acids into neutral lipids. Second, normalization of blood glucose in Zucker diabetic fatty rats prevents accumulation of triglycerides and impairment of insulin gene expression in islets, whereas normalization of plasma lipid levels is without effect. Third, high-fat feeding in Goto-Kakizaki rats significantly impairs glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro, whereas a similar diet has no effect in normoglycemic animals. We propose that chronic hyperglycemia, independent of hyperlipidemia, is toxic for beta-cell function, whereas chronic hyperlipidemia is deleterious only in the context of concomitant hyperglycemia.
Endogenous Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Protects Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells through Protein Kinase Cϵ and Heat Shock Protein (2005)

The intracellular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning (PC) in preventing lung dysfunction following transplantation, shock, and trauma remain poorly understood. Previously, we have shown that alveolar epithelial cells secrete calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) under inflammatory stress. Using a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and PC model, we found that CGRP was also secreted from human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) after PC. The locally released CGRP interacted with its receptor on the membrane of A549 cells and elicited downstream signals mediating the PC effect, because hCGRP(8-37), a specific CGRP receptor antagonist, attenuated the protective effect of PC. Pre-inhibition of CGRP protein synthesis by small interfering RNA exacerbated (but overexpression of the CGRP gene ameliorated) H/R-induced cell death, which supports the autocrine effect of CGRP on A549 cells. Exogenous bioactive CGRP mimicked the beneficial effect of PC and up-regulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which might act as the end effector to maintain cell viability. These effects were sensitive to hCGRP(8-37), calphostin C (a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor), and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (a mitochondrial K(+)(ATP) channel blocker) but were insensitive to protein kinase A blockers. Moreover, CGRP induced the membrane translocation of PKCepsilon. PKCV1-2 (a cell-permeable inhibitory peptide of PKCepsilon) effectively abolished CGRP-induced HSP70 expression and cell protection. Therefore, PC induces CGRP secretion from human alveolar epithelial cells, and the locally released CGRP acts back on these cells, protecting them from H/R injury. The post-receptor signaling of CGRP is through PKCepsilon-dependent expression of HSP70.
Methylotrophic yeasts as factories for the production of foreign proteins (1995)

In this contribution we discuss the potential of methylotrophic yeasts as hosts for the high level production of valuable foreign proteins. Recent relevant achievements on the intracellular production or secretion of proteins are summarized. Special attention is paid to a specific advantage of the use of methylotrophic yeasts, namely the possibility of accumulating the foreign gene products inside peroxisomes. This approach may be of major advantage when the protein product is toxic for the host cell and, also, to protect these proteins from undesired side-effects such as proteolysis or aggregation.
Conway’s Ontological Objection to Cartesian Dualism (2017)

Anne Conway disagrees with substance dualism, the thesis that minds and bodies differ in nature or essence. Instead, she holds that “the distinction between spirit and body is only modal and incremental, not essential and substantial” (CP 6.11, 40). Yet several of her arguments against dualism have little force against the Cartesian, since they rely on premises no Cartesian would accept. In this paper, I show that Conway does have at least one powerful objection to substance dualism, drawn from premises that Descartes seems bound to accept. She argues that two substances differ in nature only if they differ in their “original and peculiar” cause (CP 6.4, 30); yet all created substances have the same original and peculiar cause; so, all created substances have the same nature. As I argue, the Cartesian is under a surprising amount of pressure to accept Conway’s argument, since its key premise is motivated by a conception of substance similar to one endorsed by Descartes in his Principles of Philosophy.
The MineRL 2020 Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning using Human Priors (2021)

Although deep reinforcement learning has led to breakthroughs in many difficult domains, these successes have required an ever-increasing number of samples, affording only a shrinking segment of the AI community access to their development. Resolution of these limitations requires new, sample-efficient methods. To facilitate research in this direction, we propose this second iteration of the MineRL Competition. The primary goal of the competition is to foster the development of algorithms which can efficiently leverage human demonstrations to drastically reduce the number of samples needed to solve complex, hierarchical, and sparse environments. To that end, participants compete under a limited environment sample-complexity budget to develop systems which solve the MineRL ObtainDiamond task in Minecraft, a sequential decision making environment requiring long-term planning, hierarchical control, and efficient exploration methods. The competition is structured into two rounds in which competitors are provided several paired versions of the dataset and environment with different game textures and shaders. At the end of each round, competitors submit containerized versions of their learning algorithms to the AIcrowd platform where they are trained from scratch on a hold-out dataset-environment pair for a total of 4-days on a pre-specified hardware platform. In this follow-up iteration to the NeurIPS 2019 MineRL Competition, we implement new features to expand the scale and reach of the competition. In response to the feedback of the previous participants, we introduce a second minor track focusing on solutions without access to environment interactions of any kind except during test-time. Further we aim to prompt domain agnostic submissions by implementing several novel competition mechanics including action-space randomization and desemantization of observations and actions.
Identification of a Thyroid Microsomal Antigen by Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation* (1985)

The molecular identity of the thyroid microsomal antigen was investigated by Western blot and immunoprecipitation using sera from eight patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. All sera had high microsomal antibody titers by hemagglutination test and ELISA; only one had thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody. In an immunoprecipitation study using Triton X-100-solubilized 125I-labeled microsomes, all of the sera precipitated a 107K protein. However, this 107K protein was visualized by only three patients' sera by Western blot analysis under reducing conditions. In Western blots run under nonreducing conditions, four sera, including the three sera mentioned above, recognized poorly defined large mol wt proteins. One serum which also had Tg antibody recognized additional bands by both immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Preincubation of serum with 100 micrograms/ml Tg or 100 mU/ml bovine TSH did not alter the binding of antibody to 107K protein in Western blot analysis. The 107K protein was not visualized in Western blots of liver and kidney microsomes using patients' sera. Experiments were performed to characterize the difference between one serum (no. 1) which visualized the 107K band in Western blots and a serum (no. 4) which did not. Reactivity at different dilutions was compared by ELISA and Western blot studies. Serum 1 recognized the 107K protein even at a 1:3200 dilution, which gave a lower optical density value than a 1:200 dilution of serum 4 in ELISA, while serum 4 failed to recognize the 107K band at any dilution. An affinity gel prepared from serum 4 immunoglobulin G linked to agarose [Reacti-Gel (6 X)] removed from Triton X-100-solubilized microsomes the 107K protein which patient 1 serum recognized by Western blot analysis under reducing conditions. The data indicate that serum 4 can recognize the 107K protein under nondenaturing conditions. These data indicate that the 107K protein described here is the microsomal antigen, and that may associate with another protein or maintain a unique conformation due to disulfide bonds present in the native state. In addition, the 107K protein includes at least two antigen epitopes and different patients have different antibodies or different populations of antibodies against these epitopes.
In situ reflectance measurements of soft-x-ray/extreme-ultraviolet Mo/Y multilayer mirrors (1995)

With a new ultrahigh-vacuum deposition/ref lectometer system, Mo/Y multilayer mirrors were deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering and characterized in situ with synchrotron radiation. The Mo/Y multilayer mirrors, measured before exposure to air, had near-normal-incidence reflectances as high as 46% at wavelengths near 11.4 nm. After several days of exposure these samples typically had a relative reflectance loss of ~10% as a result of oxidation of the top Mo layer. The best Mo/Y multilayers were fabricated with base pressures below the low 10(-9) Torr range and after a bakeout to reduce water vapor in the chamber.
The impact of depression heterogeneity on cognitive control in major depressive disorder (2012)

Findings highlight a differential impact of depression subtype and severity, and suggest that anxious arousal and psychomotor disturbance may contribute to poorer performance on neuropsychological tasks associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function.
Inhibition of Amido Phosphoribosyltransferase by Antifolates in Mouse L1210 Leukaemia Cells (1991)

EC 6.3.5.3).
La inversión en capital humano de los jóvenes gallegos: ¿sigue siendo rentable la educación? (2010)

Una parte importante de la salud de una economía se refleja en la evolución de su mercado de trabajo. Conocer las variables que más afectan es fundamental para realizar un diagnóstico de la inserción laboral. Pese al amplio uso en las investigaciones sobre capital humano de los rendimientos de la educación, existen pocos estudios en donde se profundice en este tema centrándose en la problemática particular de los jóvenes. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los rendimientos privados que los jóvenes obtienen de las inversiones en educación tomando como referencia las ecuaciones de ingresos de Mincer. El estudio se lleva a cabo con microdatos procedentes de una encuesta realizada en el año 2008 en diferentes zonas geográficas de Galicia (Bergantiños, Costa da Morte y Ferrolterra). La población objeto de estudio son jóvenes trabajadores con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 34 años, ambos incluidos. En el análisis se profundiza en una serie de rasgos básicos de los individuos de la muestra, los más significativos son: el sexo, el nivel de estudios, la edad, la experiencia, el trabajar por cuenta ajena y la preferencia de ubicación del trabajo cercano al domicilio. An important part of the health of any economy is reflected in the evolution of its labour market. To determine the characteristics of the main variables is essential for making a diagnosis of labour insertion. Despite returns to education wide use in the investigation, very few studies exist which expand on this topic, focusing on the particular problems of youth population. This research aims to analyze the private performance that young people get from investment in education, taking by reference the Mincer earnings equations. The study is conducted with micro data from a survey performed in 2008 in different geographical areas (Bergantiños, Costa da Morte and Ferrolterra) of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The target population are young workers aged between 16 and 34 years, last both inclusive. The analysis explores a number of basic features of the individuals in the sample, the most significant are: gender, educational level, age, experience, paid employment and the preference of work locations nearby at home.
Modeling Hole Transport in Wet and Dry DNA (2010)

We present a DFT/classical molecular dynamics model of DNA charge conductivity. The model involves a temperature-driven, hole-hopping charge transfer and includes the time-dependent nonequilibrium interaction of DNA with its molecular environment. We validate our method against a variety of hole transport experiments. The method predicts a significant hole-transfer slowdown of approximately 35% from dry to wet DNA with and without electric field bias. In addition, in agreement with experiments, it also predicts an insulating behavior of (GC)(N) oligomers for 40 < N < 1000, depending on the experimental setup.
A Spatial Logit Association Model for Cluster Detection (2003)

In this paper, I propose to set out a logit spatial association model for binary spatial events and develop a scan algorithm to search for spatial associations. I extend the traditional logit model with a spatial autocorrelated component so that the model includes not only known risk factors, but also spatially autocorrelated regions as control or explanatory factors. The case study of West Virginia lung cancer shows that the model effectively captures cool and hot spots in lung cancer mortality.