gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LOCALIZATION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 RECEPTOR IN HUMAN NORMAL AND OSTEOARTHRITIC CARTILAGE IN RELATION TO PROTEOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS AND CONTENT (1995)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in the regulation of chondrocyte proteoglycan (PG) metabolism. We investigated whether chondrocyte PG synthetic activity correlates with the presence of chondrocyte IGF-1 receptor in the surface, middle and deeper zones of normal human articular cartilage and in cartilage known to display a shift in chondrocyte metabolism, i.e. cultured cartilage or osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. Cartilage specimens were obtained post mortem from human knees within 18 h after death from donors without known clinical OA history. The samples were taken from macroscopically normal looking regions as well as from damaged regions with osteoarthritic appearance, yielding a range of OA grades from mild to moderate and severe OA. We examined chondrocyte PG synthesis by in situ autoradiography of incorporated [35S]sulphate and chondrocyte IGF-1 receptor localization by immunohistochemistry, followed by confocal laser scanning microscopical (CLSM) analysis in the same cartilage samples. In normal cartilage, both the amount of chondrocyte PG synthesis and the level of chondrocyte IGF-1 receptor localization are at low levels in the surface zone chondrocytes, but both are high in middle and deeper zone chondrocytes. Furthermore, after culture, the increase in chondrocyte PG synthesis in the surface layer coincides with increase in IGF-1 receptor expression. However, in mild OA particularly high levels of chondrocyte synthetic activity were found in the upper cartilage layer, whereas IGF-1 receptor expression was low in this layer, suggesting that factors other than IGF-1 are involved. High chondrocyte PG synthetic activity and chondrocyte IGF-1 receptor staining were found in the upper and deeper layers of moderate OA cartilage, whereas both low levels of chondrocyte activity as well as IGF-1 receptors were observed in cases of severe OA. Our data indicate that IGF-1 displays cellular heterogeneity in chondrocyte stimulation in the various cartilage zones in normal cartilage. Clear zonal correlation is lost in OA cartilage, and patterns of chondrocyte IGF-1 receptor expression and PG synthesis vary with the stage of OA.
Biomedical Optics, Principles and Imaging (2008)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF SOME NEW 5-SULPHONYL-N-HETEROCYCLO-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL DRUGS (1991)

Abstract Some new sulphonyl-N-heterocyclo-8-hydroxy quinolines have been synthesised by the reaction of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonyl hydrazide with different active methylene compounds. The pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine and pyridazine derivatives were reacted with some metal cations to give the corresponding chelates. All synthesized compounds have been screened in vitro for their biological activities.
Metabolic strategy of boar spermatozoa revealed by a metabolomic characterization (2003)

Metabolomic characteristics in boar spermatozoa were studied using [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucose and mass isotopomer analysis. In boar spermatozoa, glycolysis was the main pathway of glucose utilization producing lactate/pyruvate, whereas no gluconeogenesis was seen. Slight glycogen synthesis through the direct pathway and some incorporation of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle also took place. Neither RNA ribose-5-phosphate nor fatty acid synthesis from glucose occurred despite the detection of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. In contrast to the known metabolic activities in dog sperm, boar spermatozoa have low levels of energy production and biosynthetic activities suggesting two different metabolic profiles for the two different phenotypes.
INCREASED SURVIVAL AFTER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-INDUCED SEPTIC SHOCK IN MICE CONSUMING DIETS ENRICHED WITH OLIVE OIL (2004)

Leite, M S; Pacheco, P; Guedes, A; Faria-Neto, H C; Bozza, P; Koatz, V LG Author Information
Fiber delivery of femtosecond pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser (2001)

We propose a way to deliver nanojoule-energy, 100-fs pulses at 800 nm through a few meters of standard optical fiber. Pulses from a mode-locked laser are compressed temporally, and then spectrally, to produce the desired pulses at the end of the fiber. Initial experiments agree well with calculations and demonstrate the benefits of this technique: For an energy of ~0.5 nJ , the delivered pulses are ~5 times shorter than those delivered by other techniques. The issues that must be addressed to scale the technique up to delivered pulse energies of 5 nJ are identified, and the apparatus employs only readily available components. Thus we expect it to find use in the many applications that would benefit from fiber delivery of femtosecond pulses.
Derivation of vaccines from mimotopes. Immunologic properties of human hepatitis B virus surface antigen mimotopes displayed on filamentous phage. (1995)

We have previously reported the identification, using human immune sera, of mimotopes of human hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg) displayed on filamentous phage. To test if these mimotopes could be useful in developing a vaccine against the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), we have compared the humoral immune response of animals immunized either with a recombinant HBsAg vaccine, or with mimotopes. Immunogens were prepared by fusing the mimotopes on different carrier molecules (phage coat protein pIII and pVIII, recombinant human H ferritin, HBV core peptide) and by synthesizing multiple antigenic peptides carrying the mimotopes' amino acid sequences. These immunogens were injected into mice and rabbits and sera were collected and tested for the presence of HBsAg-specific Abs. Our data confirm that mimotopes can induce a humoral immune response resembling that induced by the original Ag, and HBsAg mimotopes displayed on phage prove to be the best immunogens, inducing the most reproducible and potent immunization. Mimotopes that react as HBV subtype-specific Ags do not show this specificity as immunogen and induce a nonsubtype-restricted response. Furthermore, mimotopes displayed on phage elicit a strong response to HBsAg in a strain of mouse reported to show a low response to it. These results indicate that mimotopes identified from random peptide libraries through utilizing human immune sera could be important leads for the derivation of new vaccines.
Diffraction Imaging Based on Dip Angle Gather of Seismic Wave Equation Migration (2013)

Summary Dip angle gather of seismic migration provides a effective method to separate diffractions from reflections of seismic data. The dip angle gather created from Kirchhoff migration has been studied widely in diffraction imaging and velocity analysis. As we know, wave equation migration can have a better imaging precision than Kirchhoff-based migration method, then we will introduce how to get dip angle gather from wave equation migration and its application in diffraction separation.
MECHANISMS OF OLFACTORY DISCRIMINATION: Converging Evidence for Common Principles Across Phyla (1997)

Olfaction begins with the transduction of the information carried by odor molecules into electrical signals in sensory neurons. The activation of different subsets of sensory neurons to different degrees is the basis for neural encoding and further processing of the odor information by higher centers in the olfactory pathway. Recent evidence has converged on a set of transduction mechanisms, involving G-protein-coupled second-messenger systems, and neural processing mechanisms, involving modules called glomeruli, that appear to be adapted for the requirements of different species. The evidence is highlighted in this review by focusing on studies in selected vertebrates and in insects and crustaceans among invertebrates. The findings support the hypothesis that olfactory transduction and neural processing in the peripheral olfactory pathway involve basic mechanisms that are universal across most species in most phyla.
Superiority of the modified Tönnis angle over the Tönnis angle in the radiographic diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the limitations of the Tönnis angle as one of the most commonly used parameters in the diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia, and to explore the feasibility of the modified Tönnis angle in the diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia. A total of 224 patients (120 females and 104 males) with 448 hips, aged between 15 and 83 years (median, 45.0 years), were selected for the measurement of the center-edge (CE) and Tönnis angles. To evaluate the relative position of the medial edge of the acetabular sourcil, a new parameter, known as the center-medial-edge (CME) angle, was designed. As an improvement of the Tönnis angle, a new angle preliminarily termed the modified Tönnis angle was created. In addition, the degree of clarity of the medial edge of the acetabular sourcil on radiograph was evaluated, and the hips were divided into the clear-edge and blurred-edge groups. The hips belonging to the blurred-edge group could not be used for Tönnis angle measurements. All measurements were performed digitally using the tool of the picture-archiving communication system. Among the 448 acetabular sourcils, 142 had a blurred medial edge (31.7%). The mean value of the CME angle was 37.94°, with a range of 21.76-63.99°. The 95% prediction interval of the modified Tönnis angle was estimated to be -6.39 to 11.73°. The correlation coefficients were -0.838 between the CE and Tönnis angles, 0.889 between the Tönnis and modified Tönnis angles and -0.905 between the CE and modified Tönnis angles. In conclusion, the modified Tönnis angle can substitute for the Tönnis angle without joint space narrowing and subluxation of the hip, particularly when the Tönnis angle cannot be measured due to a blurred medial edge of the acetabular sourcil on pelvic radiograph.
Synthesis and solution structure of microbial siderophores (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and solution structure of microbial siderophoresRaymond J. BergeronCite this: Chem. Rev. 1984, 84, 6, 587–602Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00064a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00064a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views561Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sectorised horn antenna array using an RF MEMS rotary switch (2010)

A sectorised horn antenna array, comprising eight Vivaldi antennas and a single-pole multiple-throw RF MEMS rotary switch, has been demonstrated for the first time. Details of the design and fabrication are presented, together with preliminary measurements for a proof-of-concept prototype which confirm the principle of operation. It is believed that with further work a much higher performance can be achieved.
Antibodies to Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Membrane Antigens (HTLV-MA) in Hemophiliacs (1983)

Along with homosexual men, Haitians, and intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs are at high risk of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An earlier study revealed that 36 percent of a group of the AIDS patients had antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-MA), whereas only 1.2 percent of matched asymptomatic homosexual controls had these antibodies. In the present experiments, serum samples from 172 asymptomatic hemophiliacs were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-MA. Such antibodies were detected in 5 to 19 percent of the hemophiliacs examined from four geographical locations, but in only 1 percent or less of laboratory workers, normal blood donors, donors on hemodialysis, or donors with chronic active hepatitis.
The Expression of the Gene Coding for the Antibacterial Peptide LL-37 Is Induced in Human Keratinocytes during Inflammatory Disorders (1997)

The epithelia constitute a major barrier to the environment and provide the first line of defense against invading microbes. Antimicrobial peptides are emerging as participants in the defense system of epithelial barriers in general. Originally we isolated the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 from granulocytes. The gene (CAMP or cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) coding for this peptide belongs to the cathelicidin family, whose members contain a conserved pro-part of the cathelin type. The human genome seems to have only one gene of this family, whereas some mammalian species have several cathelicidin genes. In the present work we demonstrate up-regulation of this human cathelicidin gene in inflammatory skin disorders, whereas in normal skin no induction was found. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry the transcript and the peptide were located in keratinocytes throughout the epidermis of the inflammatory regions. In addition, the peptide was detected in partially pure fractions derived from psoriatic scales by immunoblotting. These fractions also exhibited antibacterial activity. We propose a protective role for LL-37, when the integrity of the skin barrier is damaged, participating in the first line of defense, and preventing local infection and systemic invasion of microbes.
The eIF4E-binding proteins 1 and 2 are negative regulators of cell growth. (1996)

Initiation in eukaryotes is the rate limiting step of translation. The binding of the mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit, which is mediated by the mRNA cap structure, is a key target for control of protein synthesis. The cap binding protein, eIF4E, is the most limiting of all initiation factors and its overexpression in NIH3T3 cells causes malignant transformation. 4E-binding protein 1 (BP1) and 4E-BP2 are small proteins that bind to eIF4E and inhibit translation. Here, 4E-BPs were expressed in cells transformed by eIF4E or by v-src to determine the effect of 4E-BPs on cell growth and tumorigenicity. We show that 4E-BPs cause a significant reversion of the transformed phenotype. Thus, we demonstrate that the eIF4E-binding proteins act as negative regulators of cell growth. We propose that 4E-BPs are members of a class of negative regulators of cell growth acting on the translation machinery of the cell.
CONDENSATION OF VANILLIN SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS WITH NITROMETHANE (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCONDENSATION OF VANILLIN SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS WITH NITROMETHANEL. CHAS. RAIFORD and DONALD E. FOXCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1944, 09, 2, 170–174Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01184a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01184a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Copper Oxide Nanostructures (2012)

Condensation is an important process in both emerging and traditional power generation and water desalination technologies. Superhydrophobic nanostructures promise enhanced condensation heat transfer by reducing the characteristic size of departing droplets via a surface-tension-driven mechanism [1]. In this work, we investigated a scalable synthesis technique to produce oxide nanostructures on copper surfaces capable of sustaining superhydrophobic condensation and characterized the growth and departure behavior of condensed droplets. Nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) films were formed via chemical oxidation in an alkaline solution. A dense array of sharp CuO nanostructures with characteristic heights and widths of ∼1 μm and ∼300 nm, respectively, were formed. A gold film was deposited on the surface and functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer to make the surfaces hydrophobic. Condensation on these surfaces was then characterized using optical microscopy (OM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to quantify the distribution of nucleation sites and elucidate the growth behavior of individual droplets with a characteristic size of ∼1 to 10 μm at low supersaturations. Comparison of the observed behavior to a recently developed model for condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces [2, 3] suggests a restricted regime of heat transfer enhancement compared to a corresponding smooth hydrophobic surface due to the large apparent contact angles demonstrated by the CuO surface.
Long-term oral refeeding of patients with cirrhosis of the liver (1995)

A previous study has shown that malnourished, clinically stable patients with liver cirrhosis are in protein and energy balance at their spontaneous dietary intake and that an improvement in nutritional status cannot be anticipated at this intake (Nielsen et al. 1993). In the present study we examined to what extent oral intake could be increased by nutritional support, and to what extent dietary protein would be retained with increased intake. The techniques used for balance studies were also validated since this information is not available for patients with liver cirrhosis. Fifteen malnourished patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were given increasing amounts of a balanced ordinary diet for 38 (SE 3) d. Intakes of protein and energy were recorded by weighing servings and leftovers on food trays. Protein intake was calculated from food tables. Total N disposal was calculated after measurement of urinary N excretion, and protein balance was calculated from the N balance. A validation study of protein balance in a subgroup of patients (analysis of N in food by the duplicate portion technique, correction for incomplete recovery of urine by measurement of urinary para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) after administration of PABA tablets, and measurement of faecal N) did not change protein balance values. Protein intake increased from 1.0 (SE 0.1) g/kg per d to 1.8 (SE 0.1) g/kg per d. With increasing protein intake, 84 (SE 8)% of the increase in intake was retained. The rate of protein retention was not saturated at the intakes obtained in this study. Protein intolerance was only encountered in one patient. Available evidence indicates that the requirement for achieving N balance is increased in these patients but protein retention is highly efficient with increased intake. Protein retention is dependent on energy balance. Energy intake was calculated from food tables and total energy expenditure was calculated by the factorial method. A validation study was performed in a subgroup of patients. The energy contents of food sampled by the duplicate portion technique, and of urine and faeces were measured by bomb calorimetry. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and at the end of the study, and O2 uptake during bicycle exercise was measured before and at the end of the study. The measured intake of metabolizable energy was on average 13% lower than the value given in food tables. Calculated energy expenditure was not changed by the validation study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In Situ Analysis of Cell Populations: Long-Term Label-Retaining Cells (2010)

The mammary gland consists of an epithelial ductal tree embedded in a fat pad. Adult mammary epithelium has been demonstrated to have outstanding regenerative potential, consistent with the presence of resident, adult stem cells. However, there are currently no bona fide markers to identify these cells within their tissue context. Here, we introduce long-term label retention as a method to investigate the location of quiescent cells (a property attributed to adult stem cells) in situ. Long-term label retaining cells divide actively during tissue development and remain quiescent at homeostasis. These two properties have been attributed to adult stem cells. Therefore, label-retaining cells can be used to identify populations that contain stem cells. We describe the materials and methods necessary to identify and image mammary label-retaining cells, to carry out morphometric analysis on these cells and to map their distribution of the mammary epithelium. The morphometric and spatial analyses described here are generally applicable to any mammary cell populations, and will therefore be useful to characterize mammary stem cells once bona fide mammary stem cell markers become available.
Evaluation of recombinant von Willebrand factor in a canine model of von Willebrand disease (1998)

Dutch Kooiker dogs with hereditary von Willebrand disease have undetectable levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), resulting in spontaneous haemorrhage of mucosal surfaces similar to the clinical picture of von Willebrand disease in humans. We used this canine model of von Willebrand disease to study the in vivo effects of a new recombinant von Willebrand factor (rvWF) preparation that contained all species of vWF multimers compared with a rvWF fraction containing only low molecular weight multimers (LMW-rvWF) and with a plasma-derived factor VIII/vWF concentrate (pdvWF). Administration of rvWF in these vWF-deficient dogs resulted in a vWF:Ag half-life of 21.6 h in one dog and 22.1 h in a second dog. Administration of pdvWF resulted in a half-life for vWF:Ag of 7.7 h, and LMW-rvWF, 9 h. The in vivo recovery of vWF:Ag after administration of rvWF was 59%, 64% and 70% in three dogs, respectively; 33% after pdvWF, and 92% after LMW-rvWF. The in vivo recovery of ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) was 78%, 110% and 120% for rvWF, and 25% for pdvWF. Both rvWF and pdvWF caused increases in FVIII. Although no effect was seen on bleeding time at the dosages used, the rate of blood flow from cuticle wounds was reduced after a single bolus administration of rvWF. The rvWF was able to control a severe nose bleed in one dog.