gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inter-hemispheric and Spectral Power Analyses of Binaural Beat Effects on the Brain (2016)

Binaural beats are said to occur when two tones of different frequencies are presented to each ear, with the resulting perception being that of a single tone and a frequency midway between the two stimuli. It has found use in applications that purport to have the ability to relax the brain and other positive medical outcomes. This research considers the effects of binaural beats on the brain, following the assumption that the human brain has the tendency to change its dominant electroencephalography (EEG) frequency towards the frequency of the external stimulus. First, we considered the difference in spectral power of EEG frequencies for a group of individuals when in an entrained state (exposed to binaural beats) and a relaxed state (not exposed to binaural beats). Secondly, we assessed whether the effects of binaural beats affect the right and left hemisphere of the brain uniformly, and if so, to what extent this interhemispheric relationship can be seen. The results of this research show that hemispheric synchronisation affects all 5 subjects. Spectral power analysis revealed that 3 of the 5 subjects exhibited a difference in spectral power in the entrained state versus the relaxed state, especially in the frontal cortex but rather, in contradiction to the reports by others, as the effect was opposite, that is, entrainment reduces the spectral power, instead of causing an increase. The conclusion (based on the limited pool of subjects) is that there is some evidence to support that binaural beats do affect the brain but, in certain cases, negatively, and therefore, its usage should be weighed carefully.
Compact liquid crystal waveguide based Fourier transform spectrometer for in-situ and remote gas and chemical sensing (2008)

Vescent Photonics Inc. and Jet Propulsion Lab are jointly developing an innovative ultra-compact (volume < 10 cm<sup>3</sup>), ultra-low power (<10<sup>-3</sup> Watt-hours per measurement and zero power consumption when not measuring), completely non-mechanical electro-optic Fourier transform spectrometers (EO-FTS) that will be suitable for a variety of remoteplatform, in-situ measurements. These devices are made possible by a novel electro-evanescent waveguide architecture, enabling "chip-scale" EO-FTS sensors. The potential performance of these EO-FTS sensors include: i) a spectral range throughout 0.4-5 &mu;m (25000 - 2000 cm<sup>-1</sup>), ii) high-resolution (&utri;&lambda;&le; 0.1 nm), iii) high-speed (< 1 ms) measurements, and iv) rugged integrated optical construction. This performance potential enables the detection and quantification of a large number of different atmospheric gases simultaneously in the same air mass and the rugged construction will enable deployment on previously inaccessible platforms. The sensor construction is also amenable for analyzing aqueous samples on remote floating or submerged platforms. To date a proof-of-principle prototype EO-FTS sensor has been demonstrated in the near-IR (range of 1450-1700 nm) with a 5 nm resolution. This performance is in good agreement with theoretical models, which are being used to design and build the next generation of EO-FTS devices.
Crystallization of Amorphous CoFeB Ferromagnetic Layers in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2007)

We demonstrate that the crystallization of ferromagnetic CoFeB layers originates at the interface with a MgO layer in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions by annealing using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The CoFeB layers, which are amorphous in the as-deposited state, crystallize with a (001) out-of-plane texture by annealing at 360 °C. Crystal grains of 15–20 nm in the CoFeB layers are observed at the interface with the MgO layer, but not at the interface with a Ta or Ru layer. Much smaller crystal grains with random crystal orientations are formed in a region away from the MgO interface in the CoFeB layers. The depth profiles obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that boron diffuses from the crystallized region at the interface into the MgO layer and the rest of the region in the CoFeB layers during crystallization, indicating that crystal grains have much lower B contents than the original composition.
tRNA genes in mycobacteria: organization and molecular cloning (1990)

DNAs from nine mycobacteria cleaved with restriction endonucleases were hybridized with cDNA probes synthesized to tRNAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The tRNA genes are conserved, but their gross genomic organization has diverged in six of the nine species examined. Organisms of the M. tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv-M. bovis BCG complex appeared to have identical tRNA gene organization and were indistinguishable from each other. M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis tRNA-derived cDNA probes hybridized differentially to tRNA-coding DNA segments in five of the species examined, suggesting the existence of qualitatively different tRNA pools in these slow- and fast-growing species. Mycobacterial DNAs hybridized with cDNA synthesized to 23S plus 16S rRNAs from Escherichia coli, and the data suggested that the tRNA genes map close to the rRNA genes. A gene bank of M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA was constructed, and a recombinant plasmid, pSB2, coding for tRNA(s) and rRNA(s) was partially characterized. Plasmid pSB2 recognized a SalI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra; however, the RFLP is not linked to the tRNA-coding region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an RFLP which distinguishes the pathogenic strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv from its avirulent derivative H37Ra.
Multi-wavelength transport networks (1994)

Optical networking is attracting a large amount of interest, particularly for local access and increasingly for long-haul, or core, network applications. However, optical networks are essentially analog, and with this return to analog transmission there are a number of issues that need to be understood and overcome if the concept of an optical transport layer is to become a reality. The Multi-Wavelength Transport Network (MWTN) within the European RACE II research program is studying the potential for optical networking in a managed network environment. This article outlines the MWTN networking concept and the comprehensive experimental test bed developed within the project. Communication networks are poised, awaiting the broadband revolution. Telecommunication, computer, and broadcast entertainment market places are converging with multimedia-based future services providing the drive and focus. In such an information-intensive future, customers will demand high-performance service with an agreed and measurable quality at the lowest cost. Furthermore, they will expect a common interface to all services. From a customer's perspective, the role of the network, the terminal equipment and the computer based multimedia application will be virtually indistinguishable. The synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) techniques are at the forefront of the move toward these future communication networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Software understanding through integrated structural and run-time analysis (1994)

The problem of software evolution is particularly acute. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the whole software system, including its architectural and run-time aspects. Reverse engineering technologies have traditionally focused on static information, using compiler-based technologies for lexical, syntactic structural, and semantic analysis. There is little emphasis on runtime information. However, developers performing optimizing, testing, and debugging tasks for evolution require runtime analysis. This paper advocates an integrated approach that brings together structural and runtime analysis techniques to a unified foundation.
Acoustic Wave Microsensors PART II (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcoustic Wave Microsensors PART IIJay W. Grate, Stephen J. Martin, and Richard M. WhiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 22, 987A–996APublication Date (Print):November 15, 1993Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 15 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00070a717https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00070a717research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and application of lipoic acid prior to 90 min of hepatic ischemia in a rat model (2007)

IP, consisting of 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, protects only partly against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver prior to 90 min of selective ischemia. IPsel did not influence ischemic tolerance of the liver. LA improved tolerance to ischemia, possibly by downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax.
Lymphoproliferative disorders in IL-7 transgenic mice: expansion of immature B cells which retain macrophage potential (1995)

Transgenic mice carrying the murine IL-7 gene under the MHC class II (E alpha) promoter are described which develop lymphoid tumours at a high incidence when maintained in conventional or specific pathogen-free environments. Cells obtained from the lesions were relatively monomorphic, expressed a variety of B cell associated markers (BP-1, B220, CD43) but lacked surface Ig. Some mice, showed expanded populations of cells phenotypically similar to the recently reported bipotent B/macrophage stem cell subset (AA4.1high, B220-, Ig-) which could be cloned and maintained in vitro. These cells expressed IL-7 receptors, proliferated in response to IL-7 and in most cases had germline configuration of the Ig heavy chain locus. Cell lines cloned from two such tumours generated macrophages spontaneously in culture, consistent with their bipotent B cell/macrophage phenotype. These results suggest that IL-7 plays a role in very early stages of B cell ontogeny prior to bona fide B cell commitment.
Thromboxanes: Selective Biosynthesis and Distinct Biological Properties (1976)

The prostaglandin endoperoxide ring structure alone does not establish suitability as a substrate for thromboxane synthetase, but the degree of unsaturation and carbon chain length are also essential features. Thus, human platelet microsomes can synthesize thromboxane A2, thromboxane A3, but not thromboxane A1 from their respective endoperoxides. The potent vasoconstrictor property of thromboxanes can be dissociated from its capacity to produce platelet aggregation. Furthermore, thromboxane formation is not an essential process in platelet aggregation. The observations indicate the remarkable structural specificity of both the synthetic enzymes, cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase, as well as the vascular and platelet receptor sites.
Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production (1999)

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10-kDa protein promoter was used to express IL-13 selectively in the lung, and the phenotype of the resulting transgenic mice was characterized. In contrast to transgene-negative littermates, the lungs of transgene-positive mice contained an inflammatory response around small and large airways and in the surrounding parenchyma. It was mononuclear in nature and contained significant numbers of eosinophils and enlarged and occasionally multinucleated macrophages. Airway epithelial cell hypertrophy, mucus cell metaplasia, the hyperproduction of neutral and acidic mucus, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, and subepithelial airway fibrosis were also prominently noted. Eotaxin protein and mRNA were also present in large quantities in the lungs of the transgene-positive, but not the transgene-negative, mice. IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 were not similarly detected. Physiological evaluations revealed significant increases in baseline airways resistance and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine in transgene-positive animals. Thus, the targeted pulmonary expression of IL-13 causes a mononuclear and eosinophilic inflammatory response, mucus cell metaplasia, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, airway fibrosis, eotaxin production, airways obstruction, and nonspecific AHR. IL-13 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of similar responses in asthma or other Th2-polarized tissue responses.
Non-destructive characterisation of laser-hardened steels (2014)

S.553-559
Local characterization and transformation of phase-change media by scanning thermal probes (2004)

Scanning thermal microscopy is applied to investigate the local thermal properties of thin phase-change (Ge2Sb2Te5) layers. The thermal contrast allows crystalline and amorphous areas to be detected unambiguously, and can be quantitatively linked to the crystalline ratio of the phase change layer. It is demonstrated that the heated tip can be used to locally crystallize parts of an amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 layer, thereby suggesting thermal probes may be used for data storage applications on phase-change media (write once).
Leases: an efficient fault-tolerant mechanism for distributed file cache consistency (1989)

Caching introduces the overhead and complexity of ensuring consistency, reducing some of its performance benefits. In a distributed system, caching must deal with the additional complications of communication and host failures.
Anti‐DNA Antibodies Cross‐reacting with Laminin Inhibit Trophoblast Attachment and Migration: Implications for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in SLE Patients (2000)

These studies suggest that anti-DNA antibodies cross-reacting with LNs may play a role in early pregnancy failure in SLE patients by interfering with placental implantation.
Isoproterenol regulates tumour necrosis factor, interleukin‐10, interleukin‐6 and nitric oxide production and protects against the development of vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxaemia (1997)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO), are mediators of endotoxaemia. Catecholamines are in clinical use to treat the haemodynamic consequences of severe septic shock. Beta-adrenergic agonists exert many of their effects by elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration. Cyclic AMP can modulate endotoxin-induced cytokine and NO production. Here we investigate the effect of isoproterenol pretreatment on the cytokine and NO production induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4-10 mg/kg). Pretreatment with isoproterenol (10 mg/kg) blunted the LPS-induced TNF response, increased the LPS-induced formation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 and reduced the LPS-induced production of NO in conscious mice. In anaesthetized rats, pretreatment with isoproterenol prevented the LPS-induced suppression of vascular contractility to norepinephrine in the thoracic aorta ex vivo. The hyporeactivity is due to expression of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) and was restored by in vitro administration of NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), an inhibitor of NO synthase. However, L-NMA did not alter vascular contractility in control vessels or in rings taken from the LPS-treated rats pretreated with isoproterenol. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its haemodynamic actions, isoproterenol may also exert beneficial effects by modulating the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response.
Spontaneous magnetic moments inYBa2Cu3O7−δthin films (2000)

We have observed spontaneous magnetic moments with random signs in c-axis-oriented thin films of the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprate superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}},$ imaged with a scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope. These moments arise when the samples become superconducting, and appear to be associated with nonferromagnetic defects in the films. In contrast with granular high-${T}_{c}$ samples, which also show spontaneous moments with random signs, the present samples shield diamagnetically.
Targeting the Function of IFN-γ-Inducible Protein 10 Suppresses Ongoing Adjuvant Arthritis (2002)

IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a CXC chemokine that is thought to manifest a proinflammatory role because it stimulates the directional migration of activated T cells, particularly Th1 cells. It is an open question whether this chemokine is also directly involved in T cell polarization. We show here that during the course of adjuvant-induced arthritis the immune system mounts a notable Ab titer against self-IP-10. Upon the administration of naked DNA encoding IP-10, this titer rapidly accelerates to provide protective immunity. Self-specific Ab to IP-10 developed in protected animals, as well as neutralizing Ab to IP-10 that we have generated in rabbits, could inhibit leukocyte migration, alter the in vivo and in vitro Th1/Th2 balance toward low IFN-gamma, low TNF-alpha, high IL-4-producing T cells, and adoptively transfer disease suppression. This not only demonstrates the pivotal role of this chemokine in T cell polarization during experimentally induced arthritis but also suggests a practical way to interfere in the regulation of disease to provide protective immunity. From the basic science perspective, this study challenges the paradigm of in vivo redundancy. After all, we did not neutralize the activity of other chemokines that bind CXCR3 (i.e., macrophage-induced gene and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant) and yet significantly blocked not only adjuvant-induced arthritis but also the in vivo competence to mount delayed-type hypersensitivity.
Genomic representation of the Hind II 1.9 kb repeated DNA (1982)

The genomic representation and organization of sequences homologous to a cloned Hind III 1.9 kb repeated DNA fragment were studied. Approximately 80% of homologous repeated DNA was contained in a genomic Hind III cleavage band of 1.9 kb. Double digestion studies indicated that the genomic family, in the majority, followed the arrangement of the sequenced clone, with minor restriction cleavage variations compatible with a few base changes. Common restriction sites external to the 1.9 kb sequence were mapped, and hybridization of segments of the cloned sequence indicated the 1.9 kb DNA was itself not tandemly repeated. Kpn I bands which were homologous to the sequence contained specific regions of the repeat, and the molecular weight of these larger fragments could be simply explained. Mapping of common external restriction sites indicated that in some but not all cases the repeat could be organized in larger defined blocks of greater than or equal to 5.5 kb. In some instances, flanking regions adjacent to the repeat may contain common DNA elements such as other repeated DNA sequences, or possibly rearranged segments of the 1.9 kb sequence. It is suggested that although the 1.9 kb sequence is not strictly contiguous, at least some of these repeated sequences in the human genome are arranged in clustered or intercalary arrays. A region of the 1.9 kb sequence hybridized to a mouse repeated DNA, indicating homology beyond the primates.
Internet traffic engineering without full mesh overlaying (2002)

The overlay approach has been widely used by many service providers for traffic engineering in large Internet backbones. In the overlay approach, logical connections are set up between edge nodes to form a full mesh virtual network on top of the physical topology. IP routing is then run over the virtual network. Traffic engineering objectives are achieved through carefully routing logical connections over the physical links. Although the overlay approach has been implemented in many operational networks, it has a number of well-known scaling issues. This paper proposes a new approach, which we call the integrated approach, to achieve traffic engineering without full-mesh overlaying. In the integrated approach, IP routing runs natively over the physical topology rather than over the virtual network. Traffic engineering objectives are realized by setting appropriate link metrics in IP routing protocols. We first illustrate our approach with a simple network, then present a formal analysis of the integrated approach and a method for deriving the appropriate link weights. Our analysis shows that for any given set of optimal routes of the overlay approach with respect to a set of traffic demands, the integrated approach can achieve exactly the same result by reproducing them as shortest paths. We further extend the result to a more generic one: for any arbitrary set of routes, as long as they are not loopy, they can be converted to shortest-paths with respect to some set of positive link weights. A theoretical insight of our result is that the optimal routing (with respect to any objective function) is always shortest path routing with respect to some appropriate positive link weights.
Near-Infrared Dye-Conjugated Amphiphilic Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives as a Dual Contrast Agent for In Vivo Optical and Photoacoustic Tumor Imaging (2014)

Amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives bearing hydrophobic indocyanine green dye derivatives and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) were synthesized through the use of condensation and copper-catalyzed click cyclization reactions. The amphiphilic HA derivatives dissolved in water and formed self-assemblies in which the near-infrared dyes were tightly packed and arranged to form dimers or H-aggregates. By irradiating an aqueous solution of HA derivatives with near-infrared light, photoacoustic signals were detected along with fluorescence emission. Self-assemblies consisting of HA derivatives could smoothly accumulate in tumor tissues by passive tumor targeting. By utilizing HA derivatives as a contrast agent, tumor sites were clearly visualized by optical imaging as well as by photoacoustic tomography.