gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesion of platelets to laminin in the absence of activation. (1984)

The binding of platelets to components in the subendothelial matrix is an initial event in hemostasis and thrombosis. The glycoprotein components of the matrix are considered important in this interaction. Of these, collagen binds and activates platelets and induces their aggregation. In this study we demonstrate that substrate-bound laminin causes time- and concentration-dependent adherence of human platelets to the substrate. The binding of platelets to laminin was found to be similar in some respects, but different in others, to their binding to surfaces coated with fibronectin or collagen. The binding of platelets to laminin or fibronectin was not associated with their activation under conditions in which type I collagen activates the platelets as measured by [14C]serotonin secretion. Platelets bound to laminin and fibronectin differed in their appearance; they remained rounded on laminin whereas they flattened completely on fibronectin. Binding of platelets to fibronectin, but not laminin, is inhibited by a recently described peptide (Pierschbacher, M., and E. Ruoslahti, 1984, Nature (Lond.), 309:30-33) containing the cell-attachment tetrapeptide sequence of fibronectin, which suggests that separate receptors exist for laminin and fibronectin. These studies establish laminin as a platelet-binding protein and suggest that laminin can contribute to the adhesiveness of exposed tissue matrices to platelets. Since laminin and fibronectin do not activate platelets, whereas collagen does, and laminin differs from fibronectin in that it does not induce spreading of the attached platelets, all three proteins appear to confer different signals to the platelets. Some of these may be related to platelet functions other than those necessary for the formation of a hemostatic plug.
Offset prediction for charge-balanced stimulus waveforms (2011)

Functional electrical stimulation with cuff electrodes involves the controlled injection of current into an electrically excitable tissue for sensory or motor rehabilitation. Some charge injected during stimulation is 'lost' at the electrode-electrolyte interface when the charge carrier is translated from an electron to an ion in the solution. The process of charge injection through chemical reactions can reduce electrode longevity and implant biocompatibility. Conventionally, the excess charge is minimized by complex hardware solutions, which are often not appropriate for robust long-term implantable solutions. Here, we present a method of waveform design that minimizes irrecoverable charge during continuous pulsing through the use of biphasic waveforms with unequally charged phases. We developed an equivalent electrical model of the electrode-electrolyte impedance based on the electrode's surface chemistry during psuedo-bipolar stimulation conditions. Simulations with the equivalent circuit determined the uncompensated charge to be a function of stimulus parameters. In vitro stimulation experiments in saline confirmed that we could preemptively compensate for the excess charge following biphasic stimulus waveforms. As a result, there was a 92% reduction in the pre-pulse potential after a pulse train with this new waveform design when compared to stimulation with conventional biphasic waveforms.
Electrical Properties of Amorphous Titanium Oxide Thin Films for Bolometric Application (2013)

We report the electrical conduction mechanism of amorphous titanium oxide thin films applied for bolometers. As the O/Ti ratio varies from 1.73 to 1.97 measured by rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, the resistivity of the films increases from 0.26&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.9875px;" id="M1" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12.9875 11.425" width="12.9875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x3A9" d="M719 146l-18 -146h-243l-5 18q2 4 17 25t24 36l25 42t26.5 52.5t21 56.5t16 65t5.5 68q0 121 -55.5 194.5t-149.5 73.5q-95 0 -150 -72t-55 -199q0 -54 18.5 -114t36.5 -94t48.5 -82.5t32.5 -51.5l-7 -18h-244l-17 146l27 1q17 -49 31.5 -62t45.5 -13h89l-21 21t-26 26.5&#xA;l-26 29t-28 35.5l-23 37.5t-20.5 43t-12 45.5t-5.5 51q0 133 88 218.5t219 85.5q132 0 218 -83t86 -218q0 -40 -11.5 -78t-33 -71.5t-39 -56t-44 -51t-32.5 -35.5h84q35 0 48 12t31 63z" /></g> </svg>&#x2009;cm to 10.1&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.9875px;" id="M2" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12.9875 11.425" width="12.9875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x3A9"/></g> </svg>&#x2009;cm. At the same time, the temperature coefficient of resistivity and activation energy vary from &#x2212;1.2&#x25; to &#x2212;2.3&#x25; and from 0.09&#x2009;eV to 0.18&#x2009;eV, respectively. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity illustrates a thermally activated conduction behavior and the carrier transport mechanism in the titanium oxide thin films is found to obey the normal Meyer-Neldel Rule in the temperature range from 293&#x2009;K to 373&#x2009;K.
Waste and resource management: Challenges through to 2010 (2007)

Peter Jones of Biffa Waste Services Ltd shares his thoughts on waste and resource management in the UK over the next few years.
In Vitro Selected RNA Molecules That Bind to Elongation Factor Tu (1998)

RNA molecules which bind to elongation factor Tu from T. thermophilus were isolated from a pool of ribooligonucleotides with a randomized sequence region. These RNAs interact with elongation factor Tu in both the GTP and the GDP form. A slight preference for the GTP form of the protein was observed. The isolated RNA aptamers compete with each other for a common binding site on elongation factor Tu. This binding site is different from the binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA or the binding site for elongation factor Ts and is located on domain II of elongation factor Tu. The selected RNAs do not bind to elongation factor G. The EF-Tu binding RNAs share a short consensus sequence, 5'-ACCGAAG-3', which was also found in the alpha-sarcin domain of T. thermophilus23S rRNA. The isolated RNAs have a hairpin structure with the 5'-ACCGAAG-3' sequence located in non-base-paired regions. Chemical probing and deletion experiments indicate that the consensus sequence is required for the interaction with elongation factor Tu.
Experimental and Mechanism Study of Electrically Charged Water Mist for Controlling Kerosene Fire in a Confined Space (2014)

Charged water mist has been widely used in industrial dust controlling due to its charged characteristics. But the study for controlling fire is less. Therefore, in this paper, extinguishing experiments of kerosene fire was carried out with water mist which was charged by a corona discharge in a small-scale and confined space. Water mists with different charge-to-mass ratios was obtained by changing the voltage. The effects on extinguishing time, flame temperature and flame image changes were analyzed. The experiments show that the charged water mist can effectively reduce the extinguishing time, flame temperature and inhibit flame compared with the ordinary water mist. Additionally, the extinguishing efficiency significantly increases with the increase of charge-to-mass ratio.
Air filter materials, outdoor ozone and building-related symptoms in the BASE study (2008)

The results indicate that a better understanding of how filters interact with their environment is needed. While the mechanism is unknown and these findings need to be replicated, they indicate that the joint risk of BRS from polyester/synthetic filters and outdoor ozone above 67.6 microg/m(3) is much greater than the risk from each alone. These findings suggest potential reductions in BRS from appropriate selection of ventilation filter media or implementing strategies to reduce ozone entrained in building ventilation systems. If the relationships were found to be causal, filter replacement and ozone abatement should be undertaken.
Mesothelin Variant 1 Is Released from Tumor Cells as a Diagnostic Marker (2006)

The mesothelin family comprises (at least) three variants and includes the precursor for megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF). Assaying soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) molecules in serum and other body fluids from patients with certain cancers can provide diagnostically useful information. We have constructed fusion proteins of mesothelin variants 1, 2, and 3, made monoclonal antibodies, and investigated the binding specificity of these and three previously generated monoclonal antibodies to each of the three mesothelin variants. According to flow cytometry, the molecule that is most frequently expressed at the surface of cells from ovarian carcinomas and certain other tumors is mesothelin variant 1. Similarly, SMRP released into ascites from a patient with ovarian carcinoma was shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa and, according to sequencing, to be variant 1. A published sandwich ELISA was shown to detect variants 1 and 3 and to be much more sensitive than a newly constructed ELISA, which detects only variant 3, the former being positive in 28 of 41 (68%) sera from patients with ovarian cancer as compared with 6 of 41 sera (15%). A standard curve was constructed to measure SMRP with a limit of detection of 200 pg/mL to facilitate future quantitative studies.
Maintenance of Clinical Efficacy and Radiographic Benefit Through Two Years of Ustekinumab Therapy in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Results From a Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Phase III Trial (2015)

Clinical and radiographic benefits from ustekinumab treatment were maintained through week 100 in the PSUMMIT 1 study. No unexpected safety events were observed; the safety profile of ustekinumab in this population was similar to that previously observed in psoriasis patients treated with ustekinumab.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Peptide YY Immunoreactivity in Eating Disorders (1988)

Peptide YY (PYY), a recently discovered peptide, is a potent stimulant of eating behavior in rats. We developed a radioimmunoassay for PYY and measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels in subjects with anorexia nervosa, bulimia and matched normal controls. Bulimics who had abstained from bingeing for 30 days showed a dramatic increase in CSF PYY levels compared to normal values (p less than 0.001) or their own values when actively bingeing (p less than 0.01, paired t test). No differences were seen for anorexia nervosa. These results suggest that bulimic behavior may correct a central nervous system abnormality in PYY.
Starch Branching Enzymes from Immature Rice Seeds (1992)

Four forms of branching enzyme, termed RBE1, RBE2 (a mixture of RBE2A and RBE2B), RBE3, and RBE4, were apparently separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography of soluble extract from immature rice seeds, and each of these four forms was further purified by gel-filtration. RBE1, RBE2A, and RBE2B were the predominant forms of the enzyme. The molecular size, amino-terminal amino acid sequence, and immunoreactivity with anti-maize branching enzyme-I (BE-I) antibody were identical among these three forms, except that the molecular mass of RBE2A was almost 3 kDa higher than those of RBE1 and RBE2B. These results indicate that RBE1, RBE2A, and RBE2B are the same (termed rice BE-I). The cDNA clones coding for rice BE-I have been identified from a rice seed library in lambda gt11, using the maize BE-I cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence indicates that rice BE-I is initially synthesized as an 820-residue precursor protein, including a putative 64- or 66-residue transit peptide at the amino terminus. The rice mature BE-I contains 756 (or 754) amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 86,734 (or 86,502) Da, and shares a high degree of sequence identity (86%) with the maize protein. The consensus sequences of the four regions that form the catalytic sites of amylolytic enzymes are conserved in the central region of the rice BE-I sequence. Thus, rice BE-I as well as the maize protein belongs to a family of amylolytic enzymes.
The separation, structure and metabolism of monogalactosyl diglyceride species inChlorella vulgaris (1969)

Abstract The monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction from heterotrophically cultured cells of Chlorella vulgaris has been fractionated into species of different fatty acid composition by argentation thin layer chromatography of the unmodified glycolipid. Five major subfractions were isolated, corresponding to groups of molecular species containing 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 double bonds per molecule, respectively. Incubation of Chlorella vulgaris with 2‐ 14 C‐sodium acetate, followed by radiochemical analysis of the fatty acids of the individual monogalactosyl diglyceride species, demonstrated that at any time the specific activity of a single fatty acid can vary considerably among the various species in which it occurs. These results are consistent with previously reported evidence that significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the monogalactosyl diglyceride fraction of Chlorella vulgaris occur following its de novo synthesis.
Overlapped Fourier coding for optical aberration removal (2014)

We present an imaging procedure that simultaneously optimizes a camera's resolution and retrieves a sample's phase over a sequence of snapshots. The technique, termed overlapped Fourier coding (OFC), first digitally pans a small aperture across a camera's pupil plane with a spatial light modulator. At each aperture location, a unique image is acquired. The OFC algorithm then fuses these low-resolution images into a full-resolution estimate of the complex optical field incident upon the detector. Simultaneously, the algorithm utilizes redundancies within the acquired dataset to computationally estimate and remove unknown optical aberrations and system misalignments via simulated annealing. The result is an imaging system that can computationally overcome its optical imperfections to offer enhanced resolution, at the expense of taking multiple snapshots over time.
Highly Purified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors: Preparation and Quantitation (2003)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a nonpathogenic, replication-defective parvovirus that is being developed as a vector for human gene transfer. The recent interest in recombinant (r)AAV has been driven by the unexpected finding that these simple vectors can efficiently transduce a variety of postmitotic cells in vivo, resulting in robust long-term gene expression. Efficient in vivo gene transfer via rAAV transduction requires reasonably high multiplicities of infection, estimated to be between 103 and 105 DNA-containing particles per cell depending on the cell type targeted. Moreover, based on large animal studies, a clinical dose in humans will require 1012–1014 rAAV vector particles, depending on the level of therapeutic protein expression needed for treatment efficacy (1). Therefore, the ability to produce pure, high-titer rAAV is critical for clinical applications. This chapter discusses the isolation of stable rAAV producer cell lines and the associated downstream methods of vector purification and quantitation.
Cross-Unking and Crystallinity in Irradiated Polyethylene (1979)

Abstract During the years 1944–1945, while working on the Manhattan Project at the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley, the author had access to classified reports which included, among other things, the effect of high-energy radiation on components of nuclear piles, such as electrical insulation. However, in these reports no attempts to determine the actual molecular mechanisms of the radiation effects were described. Consequently, it was rather obvious that this was a wide open area for research, so when the author returned to his normal duties with the Faculty of Chemistry at Northwestern University, the decision was made to begin such a study. With the support of the Visking Corp. of Chicago (now a part of Union Carbide), such a research was begun. The Visking Corp. supplied financial support as well as films of low-density polyethylene (PE) for our study. With the aid of the graduate student Donald R. Rose these films were irradiated with a mixture of gamma and neutron rays in the heavy water pile of the Argonne National Laboratory. After the irradiation, stress-strain curves on strips of the film were recorded using a Scott Inclined Plane tensile strength machine in the laboratories of the Visking Corp. The stress-strain curves obtained on samples before irradiation are illustrated in Fig. 1 while after irradiation in air the curves of Fig. 2 were obtained. The latter show a distinct effect of the irradiation, but at that time in 1948 we were not sure whether or not the diminution of the cold drawing ability of the PE was due to C-O-C cross-links or to true covalent C-C bond cross-links. Consequently, an irradiation was performed in vacuum with the even more striking results illustrated in Fig. 3. By comparing Figs. 1 and 3 it can be seen that the cold drawing ability of the PE was practically completely eliminated by the irradiation. These results were interpreted in terms of the formation of C-C covalent bond cross-links between the long PE chains. It is really remarkable that a reaction such as could occur in the solid PE at room temperature. The discovery of the radiation cross-linking of PE was described at the Portland, Oregon, meeting of the American Chemical Society in September 1948 [1]. Other discoveries made and later presented at a Symposium of the Technical Command, Army Chemical Center, Maryland [2] were (1) radiation oxidation of the films, (2) formamation of trans-vinylene unsaturation, (3) evolution of hydrogen, etc. The expression “radiation damage” is heard, but in the case of PE we should speak of “radiation improvement” because the physical properties of PE, such as greater stability at higher temperatures, and increased tensile strength at low doses, are significantly improved. Furthermore, the radiation improvement of PE occurs at room temperature without having to melt the sample or to change its shape in any way. This is of considerable industrial importance.
Effects of preanesthetic administration of midazolam, clonidine, or dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and anxiety in children (2007)

These findings indicate that children receiving clonidine or DEX preoperatively have similar levels of anxiety and sedation postoperatively as those receiving midazolam. However, children given alpha(2)-agonists had less perioperative sympathetic stimulation and less postoperative pain than those given midazolam.
Affinity-Bead-Mediated Enrichment of CD8+ Lymphocytes from Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Products Using Acoustophoresis (2016)

Acoustophoresis is a technique that applies ultrasonic standing wave forces in a microchannel to sort cells depending on their physical properties in relation to the surrounding media. Cell handling and separation for research and clinical applications aims to efficiently separate specific cell populations. Here, we investigated the sorting of CD8 lymphocytes from peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products by affinity-bead-mediated acoustophoresis. PBPC samples were obtained from healthy donors (<i>n</i> = 4) and patients (<i>n</i> = 18). Mononuclear cells were labeled with anti-CD8-coated magnetic beads and sorted on an acoustophoretic microfluidic device and by standard magnetic cell sorting as a reference method. CD8 lymphocytes were acoustically sorted with a mean purity of 91% ± 8% and a median separation efficiency of 63% (range 15.1%⁻90.5%) as compared to magnetic sorting (purity 91% ± 14%, recovery 29% (range 5.1%⁻47.3%)). The viability as well as the proliferation capacity of sorted lymphocytes in the target fraction were unimpaired and, furthermore, hematopoietic progenitor cell assay revealed a preserved clonogenic capacity post-sorting. Bead-mediated acoustophoresis can, therefore, be utilized to efficiently sort less frequent CD8+ lymphocytes from PBPC products in a continuous flow mode while maintaining cell viability and functional capacity of both target and non-target fractions.
Rice TATA Binding Protein Interacts Functionally with Transcription Factor IIB and the RF2a bZIP Transcriptional Activator in an Enhanced Plant in Vitro Transcription System (2002)

TATA binding protein (TBP) and transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) are key factors for the assembly of eukaryotic transcription initiation complexes. We used a rice whole-cell extract in vitro transcription system to characterize the functional interactions of recombinant plant TBP and TFIIB. Bacterially expressed rice TBP (OsTBP2) bound to the TATA box of the rice pal gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, caused DNA bending, and enhanced basal transcription from the pal promoter in a TATA box-dependent manner. Recombinant rice TFIIB (OsTFIIB) stimulated the DNA binding and bending activities of OsTBP2 and synergistically enhanced OsTBP2-mediated transcription from the pal promoter and the promoter of Rice tungro bacilliform virus but not from the barley pr1 promoter. We also demonstrate a physical interaction between OsTBP2 and RF2a, a rice bZIP transcription factor that bound to the box II cis element of the promoter of Rice tungro bacilliform virus, resulting in enhanced transcription from the viral promoter. Enhancement of rice whole-cell extracts with recombinant transcription factors thus provides a powerful tool for the in vitro determination of plant gene regulation mechanisms. We conclude that OsTBP2 undergoes promoter-specific functional interactions with both the basal transcription factor OsTFIIB and the accessory transcription factor RF2a.
Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (1990)

Fixation -- Processing -- Instrumentation -- Safety -- Laboratory mathematics and solution preparation -- Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining -- Carbohydrates and amyloid -- Connective and muscle tissue -- Nerve -- Microorganisms -- Pigments, minerals and cytoplasmic granules -- Immunohistochemistry -- Enzyme histochemistry -- Electron microscopy -- Cytopreparatory techniques.
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and conformational characterization of mouse-human alpha-interferon hybrids. (1988)

Reciprocal hybrids were constructed between human and mouse interferons (IFNs), and their antiviral activity was examined on different target cells and compared to the activity of the parental molecules. In addition, we used a number of predictive algorithms on a data base of the available alpha-interferon sequences to propose a working model for the overall conformation of the alpha-interferon molecule that is consistent with the structural predictions. Remarkable conservation within the predicted alpha-helical segments of the interferon molecule was observed. We propose that the observed changes in the activity and specificity of the hybrids obtained are largely due to the sequences present in the loops at the ends of the major helical structures; these are less conserved, contain beta-bends, and are generally hydrophilic and flexible. The data on the constructed mouse-human hybrids have shown that the activity on human cells is contributed by determinants present in the N-terminal 122 amino acids of human IFN, thus implicating one or more loops within this region (e.g. loops 1-12, 25-38, 70-74, and 103-113). The activity on bovine cells appears to be localized mainly in sequence 60-121, implicating the role of loops 70-74 and/or 103-113 of the human IFN molecule. The specificity of mouse IFN for mouse cells is in some or all of the loops (70-74, 103-113, 134-139, and 163-166) in the C-terminal sequence. The proposed working model should provide guidelines for the study of the specificity of action in molecular terms.