gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strike Law and ADR in Hungary: A Model for Labor Movements in Central and Eastern Europe? (1999)

After nearly a decade of democratic transition in Central and East ern Europe, researchers have presented Hungary as a model of societal transition in a several areas, including labor relations, dispute resolution and the development of independent labor movements. With regard to these spheres of activity, this article assesses whether Hungary's new labor system stands up to its reputation as a regional model. This article addresses the historical and transitional advances of Hungary's labor dis pute resolution system, its impact on worker rights and the effect, or potential effect of alternative dispute resolution on the development of Hungary's emerging labor movement.
Corynebacterium glutamicum Tailored for Efficient Isobutanol Production (2011)

We recently engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for aerobic production of 2-ketoisovalerate by inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase, transaminase B, and additional overexpression of the ilvBNCD genes, encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, and dihydroxyacid dehydratase. Based on this strain, we engineered C. glutamicum for the production of isobutanol from glucose under oxygen deprivation conditions by inactivation of l-lactate and malate dehydrogenases, implementation of ketoacid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and expression of the pntAB transhydrogenase genes from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain produced isobutanol with a substrate-specific yield (Y(P/S)) of 0.60 ± 0.02 mol per mol of glucose. Interestingly, a chromosomally encoded alcohol dehydrogenase rather than the plasmid-encoded ADH2 from S. cerevisiae was involved in isobutanol formation with C. glutamicum, and overexpression of the corresponding adhA gene increased the Y(P/S) to 0.77 ± 0.01 mol of isobutanol per mol of glucose. Inactivation of the malic enzyme significantly reduced the Y(P/S), indicating that the metabolic cycle consisting of pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme is responsible for the conversion of NADH + H+ to NADPH + H+. In fed-batch fermentations with an aerobic growth phase and an oxygen-depleted production phase, the most promising strain, C. glutamicum ΔaceE Δpqo ΔilvE ΔldhA Δmdh(pJC4ilvBNCD-pntAB)(pBB1kivd-adhA), produced about 175 mM isobutanol, with a volumetric productivity of 4.4 mM h⁻¹, and showed an overall Y(P/S) of about 0.48 mol per mol of glucose in the production phase.
Stopmotion Photowalk Animation for Spatial Immersion in a Remote Cultural Heritage Site (2015)

This paper explores the use of an animation technique, the stopmotion photowalk, to convey a spatial awareness to the viewer for individual extant buildings and a discrete section of buildings and ground, using case study from the disused whaling station at Grytviken, South Georgia Island. Possible mechanisms for immersion resulting from the technique are discussed in terms of flow and spatial presence. Some implications of immersion are considered for virtual tourism, personal remembrance, memorialisation and situated decision making of policy makers for remote environments. The station considered was in operation in the Antarctic Convergence region from 1904-1965 and a wide range of nations are represented in the cultural heritage of the island, which has no indigenous population and is a remnant from the British Empire, currently designated as a British Overseas Territory. This case study is part of a broader PhD research agenda which will culminate in the production of a virtual reality environment of a section of the contemporary station and examine presence and immersion achieved through these means while documenting an attempt to create an ontological reproduction of a walk through the station by virtual means.
Inadequate production of hematopoietic growth factors in hairy cell leukemia: up-regulation of interleukin 6 by recombinant IFN-alpha in vitro. (1996)

The course of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is characterized by progressive pancytopenia. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is still not fully understood. To study if the decrease in hematopoiesis in HCL is accompanied by abnormal concentrations of growth factors, we investigated the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eight patients with HCL. The results point to a severe deficiency of production of all cytokines tested as compared to healthy donors. However, enrichment of autologous monocytes by counterflow centrifugation resulted in a marked increase of the levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The most pronounced effects were seen with IL-6. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that pokeweed mitogen, IFN-alpha, and poly(I:C) are capable of inducing the expression of IL-6-specific mRNA in HCL cells. These findings are substantiated on the protein level by immunofluorescence analysis. Incubation of PBMCs with IFN-alpha resulted in a significant increase of intracellular IL-6 in HCL but not in healthy donors. This increase was also seen in hairy cells positive for CD19 and CDllc. Furthermore, IFN-alpha induced the secretion of IL-6 from PBMCs of HCL patients but not healthy donors. In conclusion, our studies with PBMCs from patients with HCL revealed an inadequate supply of hematopoietic growth factors that might, in part, be due to the monocytopenia characteristic for this disease. The findings also indicate that IFN-alpha is capable of inducing the production of IL-6 in the patients' PBMCs as well as in their hairy cells. These data from our in vitro studies support the clinical observation that treatment with IFN-alpha leads to reconstitution of hematopoiesis.
Passive ranging through wave-front coding: information and application (2000)

Passive-ranging systems based on wave-front coding are introduced. These single-aperture hybrid optical-digital systems are analyzed by use of linear models and the Fisher information matrix. Two schemes for passive ranging by use of a single aperture and a single image are investigated: (i) estimating the range to an object and (ii) detecting objects over a set of ranges. Theoretical limitations on estimator-error variances are given by use of the Cramer-Rao bounds. Evaluations show that range estimates with less than 0.1% error can be obtained from a single wave-front coded image. An experimental system was also built, and example results are given.
Dynamic regulation of axon guidance (2001)

To reach their proper targets, axons rely upon the actions of highly conserved families of attractive and repulsive guidance molecules, including the netrins, Slits, semaphorins and ephrins. These guidance systems are used to generate an astonishingly varied set of neuronal circuits. Here we consider the mechanisms by which a few guidance systems can be used to generate diverse outcomes. Recent studies have revealed extensive transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of guidance cues and their receptors, as well as combinatorial mechanisms that integrate information from different families of guidance cues.
Rapid Simultaneous Screening of Factor V Leiden and G20210A Prothrombin Variant by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction on Whole Blood (1998)

To the Editor:

The mutation in factor V (FV) G1691A, known as factor V Leiden,[1][1] and the recently described genetic variation in the prothrombin (FII) gene G20210A2 are the two most prevalent known causes of inherited thrombophilia. Several polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have
Tapered single-mode fibres and devices. Part 1: Adiabaticity criteria (1991)

Two complementary delineation criteria are presented which provide guidelines to the design of relatively short, low-loss tapered fibres and devices. They are used to explain anomalous loss effects in depressed-cladding and W-fibres, as well as the difficulty in fabricating low-loss devices by tapering such fibres. Practical application of the criteria to couplers, beam expanders and abrupt taper filters is summarised. The accompanying paper provides both experimental and theoretical justification for the delineation criteria.
Solitons in conducting polymers (1988)

Self-localized nonlinear excitations (solitons, polarons, and bipolarons) are fundamental and inherent features of quasi-one-dimensional conducting polymers. Their signatures are evident in many aspects of the physical and chemical properties of this growing class of novel materials. As a result, these polymers represent an opportunity for exploring the novel phenomena associated with topological solitons and their linear confinement which results from weakly lifting the ground-state degeneracy. The authors review the theoretical models that have been developed to describe the physics of polyacetylene and related conducting polymers and summarize the relevant experimental results obtained for these materials. An attempt is made to assess the validity of the soliton model of polyacetylene and its generalization to related systems in which the ground-state degeneracy has been lifted.
p-SCN-Bn-HOPO: A Superior Bifunctional Chelator for 89Zr ImmunoPET (2015)

Zirconium-89 has an ideal half-life for use in antibody-based PET imaging; however, when used with the chelator DFO, there is an accumulation of radioactivity in the bone, suggesting that the (89)Zr(4+) cation is being released in vivo. Therefore, a more robust chelator for (89)Zr could reduce the in vivo release and the dose to nontarget tissues. Evaluation of the ligand 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) demonstrated efficient binding of (89)Zr(4+) and high stability; therefore, we developed a bifunctional derivative, p-SCN-Bn-HOPO, for conjugation to an antibody. A Zr-HOPO crystal structure was obtained showing that the Zr is fully coordinated by the octadentate HOPO ligand, as expected, forming a stable complex. p-SCN-Bn-HOPO was synthesized through a novel pathway. Both p-SCN-Bn-HOPO and p-SCN-Bn-DFO were conjugated to trastuzumab and radiolabeled with (89)Zr. Both complexes labeled efficiently and achieved specific activities of approximately 2 mCi/mg. PET imaging studies in nude mice with BT474 tumors (n = 4) showed good tumor uptake for both compounds, but with a marked decrease in bone uptake for the (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab images. Biodistribution data confirmed the lower bone activity, measuring 17.0%ID/g in the bone at 336 h for (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab while (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab only had 2.4%ID/g. We successfully synthesized p-SCN-Bn-HOPO, a bifunctional derivative of 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) as a potential chelator for (89)Zr. In vivo studies demonstrate the successful use of (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab to image BT474 breast cancer with low background, good tumor to organ contrast, and, importantly, very low bone uptake. The reduced bone uptake seen with (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab suggests superior stability of the (89)Zr-HOPO complex.
Induction of Apoptosis by Cross-Linking Antibodies Bound to Human B-Lymphoma Cells: Expression of Annexin V Binding Sites on the Antibody Cap (2009)

1) Low-level induction of apoptosis was not unique for anti-CD20 Abs, but occurred similarly with other Abs, and 2) results of Annexin V staining experiments may need to be reevaluated. Further studies are required to explain why Annexin V binding sites are exposed in the region of an Ab cap.
A Novel Approach for Producing Lentiviruses That Are Limited to a Single Cycle of Infection (2004)

We have devised a novel approach for producing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains and, potentially, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains that are limited to a single cycle of infection. Unlike previous lentiviral vectors, our single-cycle SIV is capable of expressing eight of the nine viral gene products and infected cells release immature virus particles that are unable to complete subsequent rounds of infection. Single-cycle SIV (scSIV) was produced by using a two-plasmid system specifically designed to minimize the possibility of generating replication-competent virus by recombination or nucleotide reversion. One plasmid carried a full-length SIV genome with three nucleotide substitutions in the gag-pol frameshift site to inactivate Pol expression. To ensure inactivation of Pol and to prevent the recovery of wild-type virus by nucleotide reversion, deletions were also introduced into the viral pol gene. In order to provide Gag-Pol in trans, a Gag-Pol-complementing plasmid that included a single nucleotide insertion to permanently place gag and pol in the same reading frame was constructed. We also mutated the frameshift site of this Gag-Pol expression construct so that any recombinants between the two plasmids would remain defective for replication. Cotransfection of both plasmids into 293T cells resulted in the release of Gag-Pol-complemented virus that was capable of one round of infection and one round of viral gene expression but was unable to propagate a spreading infection. The infectivity of scSIV was limited by the amount of Gag-Pol provided in trans and was dependent on the incorporation of a functional integrase. Single-cycle SIV produced by this approach will be useful for addressing questions relating to viral dynamics and viral pathogenesis and for evaluation as an experimental AIDS vaccine in rhesus macaques.
Both Lipolysis and Hepatic Uptake of VLDL Are Impaired in Transgenic Mice Coexpressing Human Apolipoprotein E*3Leiden and Human Apolipoprotein C1 (1996)

Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOE*3Leiden are highly susceptible to diet-induced hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis due to a defect in hepatic uptake of remnant lipoproteins. In addition to the human APOE*3Leiden gene, these mice carry the human APOC1 gene (APOE*3Leiden-C1). To investigate the possible effect of simultaneous expression of the human APOC1 gene, we examined the phenotypic expression in these APOE*3Leiden-C1 mice in relation to transgenic mice expressing the APOE*3Leiden gene without the APOC1 gene (APOE*3Leiden-HCR). APOE*3Leiden-C1 and APOE*3Leiden-HCR mice had comparable liver expression for the APOE*3Leiden transgene and high total cholesterol levels on a sucrose-based diet compared with control mice (4.3 and 4.3 versus 2.1 mmol/L). In addition, on this diet APOE*3Leiden-C1 mice displayed significantly higher serum triglyceride levels than APOE*3Leiden-HCR mice and control mice (4.4 versus 0.6 and 0.2 mmol/L). Elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels were mainly in the VLDL-sized lipoproteins. In vivo turnover studies with endogenously triglyceride-labeled VLDL showed a reduced VLDL triglyceride fractional catabolic rate for APOE*3Leiden-C1 and APOE*3Leiden-HCR mice compared with control mice (3.5 and 11.0 versus 20.4 pools per hour). To study whether the difference in fractional catabolic rates between the two transgenic strains was due to an inhibiting effect of apoC1 on the extrahepatic lipolysis or hepatic-mediated uptake of VLDL, turnover experiments were performed in functionally hepatectomized mice. Strikingly, both APOE*3Leiden-C1 and APOE*3Leiden-HCR mice showed a decreased lipolytic rate of VLDL triglyceride in the extrahepatic circulation compared with control mice (1.5 and 1.8 versus 6.3 pools per hour). We conclude that next to an impaired hepatic uptake, overexpression of the APOE*3Leiden gene influences the extrahepatic lipolysis of VLDL triglycerides, whereas simultaneous overexpression of the APOC1 gene leads to a further decrease in hepatic clearance of VLDL.
Liposomes preparation methods. (1996)

In this article information about various methods of liposome preparation (including the large scale manufacture) has been reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods have been described in terms of size distribution and encapsulation efficiency.
Origin of the Ecological Crisis： Common Meaning behind ＂Four-cause Theory＂ (2013)

At present,the increasingly severe ecological problem disperses in the world,showing the sign of crisis everywhere.There are many factors leading global ecological crisis,such as dominant idea,population overload,excess consumption and technology alienation.However,various reasons commonly point toward the capital logic actually.Society controlled under the capital pursuits surplus value and profit growth blindly,ignores the nature law and environmental justice,which is the archcriminal leading ecological collapse.Therefore,only abandoning the capital logic,stipulating the economic rationality,we can eliminate environmental woes gradually,thus ultimately achieving harmony and common prosperity of man and nature.
Hepsin, a cell membrane-associated protease. Characterization, tissue distribution, and gene localization. (1991)

Hepsin, a putative membrane-bound serine protease, was originally identified as a human liver cDNA clone (Leytus, S.P., Loeb, K.R., Hagen, F.S., Kurachi, K., and Davie, E.W. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 1067-1074). In the present study the human hepsin gene was localized to chromosome 19 at q11-13.2. The messenger RNA of hepsin is 1.85 kilobases in size and present in most tissues, with the highest level in liver. Hepsin is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, and its mature form of 51 kDa was found in various mammalian cells including HepG2 cells and baby hamster kidney cells. It is present in the plasma-membrane in a molecular orientation of type II membrane-associated proteins, with its catalytic subunit (carboxyl-terminal half) at the cell surface, and its amino terminus facing the cytosol. Hepsin is found neither in cytosol nor in culture media. The results obtained suggest that hepsin has an important role(s) in cell growth and function.
Haloacetol phosphates. Characterization of the active site of rabbit muscle triose phosphate isomerase (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHaloacetol phosphates. Characterization of the active site of rabbit muscle triose phosphate isomeraseFred C. HartmanCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 1, 146–154Publication Date (Print):January 5, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00777a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00777a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lactoferrin Protects Against UV-B Irradiation–Induced Corneal Epithelial Damage in Rats (2000)

These results suggest that the presence of lactoferrin in human tear fluid may inhibit UV-induced corneal epithelial damage.
Physical Chemistry of Biological Free Energy Transduction As Demonstrated by Elastic Protein-Based Polymers (1997)

This article, on protein-based polymers comprised of repeating peptide sequences, reviews studies from the author's laboratory covering a period of more than two decades; it presents a general mechanism for protein folding and function and demonstrates the mechanism by designing model proteins capable of performing many of the energy conversions that sustain life and by designing diverse biomolecular machines and materials with promising applications for society. All polymers with the correct balance of apolar and polar moieties, including water soluble proteins and protein-based polymers, increase order by a hydrophobic folding and assembly transition as the temperature is raised above a critical onset temperature, designated as Tt. Instead of varying the temperature, however, innumerable variables lower the value of Tt from above to below the operating temperature to drive folding and function. Thus, this inverse temperature transition provides a fundamental mechanism whereby proteins fold and function and whereby the energy conversions that sustain living organisms can occur at constant temperature. Phenomenologically, this mechanism results in five axioms or principles for protein function and protein engineering whereby designed protein-based polymers interconvert six free energies interconverted by living organisms. The six intensive variables for biological free energy transduction are mechanical force, temperature, chemical potential, electrochemical potential, pressure, and electromagnetic radiation. No matter how seemingly disparate, virtually every protein function can be classified in terms of a form, or forms, of free energy transduction. Mechanistically, the design, preparation, and characterization of families of related protein-based polymers show the usually considered electrostatic charge−charge interactions not to be the physical basis for the energy conversions. Instead, presented and analyzed experimental data indicate competition for hydration between apolar and polar species to be responsible. In short, the value of Tt is determined by the amount of water of hydrophobic hydration; hydration of polar species, as required on ionization, occurs at the expense of hydrophobic hydration and raises the value of Tt, and the energy required to destructure hydrophobic hydration results in hydrophobic-induced pKa shifts. Formalisms are outlined that describe hydrophobic-induced pKa shifts, related positive cooperativity of acid-based titration curves, and the involved energy conversions.
Synthesis of anionic peptide nucleic acid oligomers including γ-carboxyethyl thymine monomers (2015)

Synthesis of a modified thymine monomer based on l-Glu, solid phase synthesis of anionic peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers containing the modified monomer and optimization of the deblocking procedure and cleavage conditions of the PNA oligomers from resin are accomplished.
Engineering Modified Bt Toxins to Counter Insect Resistance (2007)

The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. Resistance to Bt toxins in some insects is linked with mutations that disrupt a toxin-binding cadherin protein. We show that susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1Ab was reduced by cadherin gene silencing with RNA interference in Manduca sexta, confirming cadherin's role in Bt toxicity. Native Cry1A toxins required cadherin to form oligomers, but modified Cry1A toxins lacking one alpha-helix did not. The modified toxins killed cadherin-silenced M. sexta and Bt-resistant Pectinophora gossypiella that had cadherin deletion mutations. Our findings suggest that cadherin promotes Bt toxicity by facilitating toxin oligomerization and demonstrate that the modified Bt toxins may be useful against pests resistant to standard Bt toxins.