gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic architecture of human 17q21 linked to frontotemporal dementia uncovers a highly homologous family of low-copy repeats in the tau region (2005)

Familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD), characterized by tau-negative, ubiquitin-positive inclusions at autopsy, is linked to a chromosomal region at 17q21 (FTDU-17), encompassing the gene encoding the microtubule associated protein tau, MAPT. Mutations in MAPT were previously identified in familial FTD with parkinsonism (FTDP-17); however, in FTDU-17 patients, no pathogenic mutations were found in exonic regions consistent with the lack of tauopathy in FTDU-17 brains. Here, we excluded mutations in MAPT by genomic sequencing of 138.5 kb in FTDU-17 patients. Next, to facilitate the identification of the actual underlying genetic defect, we assembled the 6.5 Mb FTDU-17 sequence. Annotation demonstrated that MAPT is surrounded by three highly homologous low-copy repeats (LCRs) in a region of 1.7 Mb. Using evolutionary studies, short tandem repeat-based linkage disequilibrium (LD) and macro-restriction mapping, we demonstrated that these LCRs are at the basis of a series of rearrangements in the MAPT genomic region. One is an inversion that occurred 3 million years ago and resulted in a common polymorphism in humans to date. This inversion plus flanking LCRs spanned approximately 1.3 Mb and was shown to underlie the extended LD and haplotypes H1 and H2 across MAPT. However, in the FTDU-17 families, we ascertained segregation analysis precluding a relationship between the FTDU-17 and the H1/H2 inversion. The presence of multiple homologous LCRs in the region predicts that other potentially more complex genomic rearrangements might be underlying FTDU-17.
Antigen-binding mutants of mouse myeloma cells. (1977)

A cultured mouse myeloma cell line, S107, that secretes an IgA phosphocholine-binding immunoglobulin has been cloned in soft agar and overlaid with phosphocholine-hemocyanin. Spontaneous mutants that secrete immunoglobulin with a decreased ability to precipitate antigen were detected with this plate assay and occur at a very high frequency. From one such mutant, phenotypic revertants arise spontaneously with a frequency of 0.28-2.8%. This mutant and one of its revertants were studied, and they were found to differ from the parent and from each other serologically and in antigen binding. While it is not yet clear whether these findings bear any relationship to the normal generation of antibody diversity, they do indicate that it is possible to generate antigen binding diversity in somatic cells.
Specificity of Aspartate Aminotransferases from Leguminous Plants for 4-Substituted Glutamic Acids (1989)

Aspartate aminotransferase (glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase) was partially purified from extracts of germinating seeds of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), soybean (Glycine max), and Sophora japonica. The ability of these enzyme preparations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase purified from pig heart cytosol, to use 4-substituted glutamic acids as amino group donors and their corresponding 2-oxo acids as amino group acceptors in the aminotransferase reaction was measured. All 4-substituted glutamic acid analogs tested were poorer substrates than was glutamate or 2-oxoglutarate. 2-Oxo-4-methyleneglutarate was least effective (lowest relative V(m)/K(m)) as a substrate for the enzyme from peanuts and honey locust, which are the two species studied that accumulate 4-methyleneglutamic acid and 4-methyleneglutamine. Of the different aminotransferases tested, the enzyme from honey locust was the least active with 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-methylglutarate, the corresponding amino acid of which also accumulates in that species. These results suggest that transamination of 2-oxo-4-substituted glutaric acids is not involved in the biosynthesis of the corresponding 4-substituted glutamic acids in these species. Rather, accumulation of certain 4-substituted glutamic acids in these instances may be, in part, the result of the inefficacy of their transamination by aspartate aminotransferase.
In vitro replication of duplex circular DNA containing the simian virus 40 DNA origin site. (1985)

Extracts (0.2 M NaCl) of HeLa cells support replication of DNA containing simian virus 40 (SV40) origin in the presence of SV40 large tumor (T) antigen. The reaction leads to the accumulation of high molecular weight products that represent DNA containing one parental strand and one progeny strand as well as duplex molecules that contain both strands derived from the input deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The replication reaction is inhibited by aphidicolin and by camptothecin, two inhibitors known to inhibit eukaryotic DNA replication in vivo.
Expression of Thy-1 on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. (1993)

Expression of Thy-1 on hematopoietic cells from human fetal liver (FL), cord blood (CB), and bone marrow (BM) was studied with a novel anti-Thy-1 antibody, 5E10. Specificity of 5E10 for human Thy-1 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of a 25-35-kD molecule, and the sequence of a cDNA that was cloned by immunoselection of COS cells transfected with a cDNA library derived from a 5E10+ cell line. Two- and three-color immunofluorescence staining experiments revealed that the Thy-1 expression is restricted to, an average, 1-4% of FL, CB, and BM cells, and binding to these cell types is essentially restricted to a very small subset of lymphoid cells and approximately 25% of CD34+ cells. Thy-1+ CD34+ cells were further characterized as CD38lo/CD45RO+/CD45RA-/CD71lo/c-kit(lo) and rhodamine 123dull. When CD34+ cells were sorted on the basis of Thy-1 expression, the majority of clonogenic cells were recovered in the CD34+Thy-1- fraction, whereas the majority of cells capable of producing myeloid colonies after 5-8 wk of long-term culture (long-term culture initiating cells) were recovered in the Thy-1+CD34+ fraction. In addition to CD34+ cells, Thy-1 was found to be expressed on a variable, very small number (< 1%) of CD34- mononuclear cells in BM, CB, and peripheral blood that were further characterized as CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes. The restricted expression of Thy-1 on primitive hematopoietic cells is in agreement with a previous report (Baum et al., 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:2804) in which Thy-1 expression was used to enrich for primitive hematopoietic cells from fetal tissue. Compared with those previous studies, we found Thy-1 expression on a larger proportion of CD34+ cells (25% in our study vs. 5% in Baum et al.) and furthermore performed studies on Thy-1 expression on CD34+ cells from CB, FL, and BM in relation to markers that are known to be differentially expressed on hematopoietic cells. Taken together our results indicate that Thy-1-specific antibody 5E10 is an attractive tool for further studies on the biology and purification of human stem cells.
A Web-based peer-to-peer architecture for collaborative nomadic working (2002)

With the recent advances in mobile computing, distributed organizations are facing a growing need for advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) that support mobile working. The ability to use information effectively anywhere and anytime has become a key business success factor. Although many computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) systems have been introduced to date, technologies and architectures that support the collaboration of nomadic workers on a wide range of mobile devices, notebooks and personal computers is still a challenge. The MObile Teamwork Infrastructure for Organizations Networking (MOTION) project is aiming to design a highly flexible, open and scalable ICT architecture for mobile collaboration. We present the mobile collaboration requirements of two MOTION industry case studies, and highlight the advantages of a Web-based peer-to-peer architecture for nomadic working.
NMDA receptor blockade in chronic neuropathic pain: a comparison of ketamine and magnesium chloride (1996)

Ten patients (4 female, 6 male) aged 34-67 years suffering from peripheral neuropathic pain participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study where ketamine or magnesium chloride were administered by a 10 min bolus infusion (ketamine: 0.84 mumol/kg = 0.2 mg/kg, magnesium: 0.16 mmol/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (ketamine: 1.3 mumol/kg/h = 0.3 mg/kg/h, magnesium: 0.16 mmol/kg/h). Ongoing pain determined by VAS score, area of touch-evoked allodynia, detection and pain thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli were measured before and during drug infusion. Ketamine produced a significant reduction of spontaneous pain (57%) and of the area of allodynia (33%). Magnesium chloride reduced pain (29%) and area of allodynia (18%) insignificantly. Following ketamine there was a significant correlation between the reduction in ongoing pain and reduction in area of touch-evoked allodynia. Detection and pain thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli were not significantly changed by the drugs. These findings suggest that both ongoing pain and touch-evoked pain (allodynia) in neuropathic pain are inter-related phenomena, which may be mediated by the same mechanism and involving a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
mRNA transcript therapy (2014)

mRNA is the central molecule of all forms of life. It is generally accepted that current life on Earth descended from an RNA world. mRNA, after its first therapeutic description in 1992, has recently come into increased focus as a method to deliver genetic information. The recent solution to the two main difficulties in using mRNA as a therapeutic, immune stimulation and potency, has provided the basis for a wide range of applications. While mRNA-based cancer immunotherapies have been in clinical trials for a few years, novel approaches; including, in vivo delivery of mRNA to replace or supplement proteins, mRNA-based generation of pluripotent stem cells, or genome engineering using mRNA-encoded meganucleases are beginning to be realized. This review presents the current state of mRNA drug technologies and potential applications, as well as discussing the challenges and prospects in mRNA development and drug discovery.
Survival Rates of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Transgenic Cottons Expressing Insecticidal Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (2000)

The insecticidal activity of transgenic cottons expressing endotoxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt cotton) was quantified by measuring survival of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae caged on different plant structures for varying lengths of exposure. Percentages of larvae surviving were measured on Bt cottons expressing Cry1Ab and CrylAc protein. Plant structure (terminal, leaf, square or boll) did not affect larval survival, and survival did not differ significantly between CrylAb and CrylAc cottons. Larvae exposed to Bt cotton for only 24 h had higher initial survival than larvae exposed for 48, 72 and 96 h. Larvae first exposed to Bt cotton at 4 d of age had higher survival than those first exposed as neonate or 2-d-old larvae. Survivorship of neonate and 4-d-old larvae exposed to CrylAc cotton was significantly reduced with only 48 h of exposure to the insecticidal plants. Seven-day-old larvae exhibited no significant reduction in survivorship with exposure to CrylAc cotton for 48 h.
Initial Low‐Dose Gentamicin forStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia and Endocarditis Is Nephrotoxic (2009)

Initial low-dose gentamicin as part of therapy for S. aureus bacteremia and native valve infective endocarditis is nephrotoxic and should not be used routinely, given the minimal existing data supporting its benefit.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte-Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composite Films (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLayer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte-Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composite FilmsNicholas A. Kotov, Imre Dekany, and Janos H. FendlerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 35, 13065–13069Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100035a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100035a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5919Altmetric-Citations705LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Click Assisted One‐Pot Multi‐Step Reactions in Polymer Science: Accelerated Synthetic Protocols (2008)

Abstract Presently, the majority of reports deal with combining chemical reactions, in a stepwise fashion, to obtain well‐defined polymers. In the future, chemists need to address new challenges such as increase in the range of available efficient reactions, developing libraries of compatible one‐pot reactions, and the application of obtained materials in key industries. Indeed, the rising importance of the click concept has now devised robust synthetic approaches in various fields of research. The unique selectivity of the click reaction is today a new found toolbox for scientists to investigate one‐pot multi‐step systems. Several accelerated protocols have elegantly been reported to obtain a library of advanced polymers. magnified image
A second isoform of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone is present in the brain of human and rodents (1998)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I), present in the mammalian hypothalamus, regulates reproduction. In this study we demonstrate, for the first time, that an additional isoform of GnRH, [His5, Trp7, Tyr8] GnRH-I (GnRH-II) is present in the brain of the mouse, rat and human. Human and rat brain extracts contain two isoforms of GnRH, GnRH-I and GnRH-II, which exhibited identical chromatographic properties to the respective synthetic peptides, in high performance liquid chromatography. Using immunohistochemical techniques we have found that GnRH-II is present in neuronal cells that are localized mainly in the periaqueductal area as well as in the oculomotor and red nuclei of the midbrain. It is of interest to note that in the hypogonadal mouse, although the GnRH-I gene is deleted, GnRH-II is present. Substantial concentrations of GnRH-II are also present in the hypothalamus and stored in the human pituitary stalk or in the mouse median eminence. By using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR we have also found that while GnRH-II is not expressed in the cerebellum, it is expressed in all three structures of the brain stem: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
Human Urotensin II Is a Novel Activator of NADPH Oxidase in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (2004)

hU-II is a potent activator of ROS generation by NADPH oxidase in PASMCs, leading to redox-sensitive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt and subsequently to enhanced PAI-1 expression and increased proliferation. These findings suggest that hU-II may play a novel role in pulmonary hypertension by promoting remodeling processes via activation of NADPH oxidases.
Highly Atom‐Efficient Oxidation of Electron‐Deficient Internal Olefins to Ketones Using a Palladium Catalyst (2013)

A 100% atom-efficient synthesis of ketones from electron-deficient internal olefins was achieved using O2 as a "green" oxidant (see scheme, DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide, EWG=electron-withdrawing group). Various electron-deficient olefins were oxidized to the corresponding ketones with over 99% selectivity and without the formation of olefin isomers or their oxidized products.
Three‐Dimensional Nanofabrication with Rubber Stamps and Conformable Photomasks (2004)

Abstract This article briefly describes two recently developed soft‐lithographic techniques that can be used to fabricate complex, well‐defined three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures. The first relies on the single or multilayer transfer of thin solid ‘ink' coatings from high‐resolution rubber stamps. The second uses these stamps as conformable phase masks for proximity field nanopatterning of thin layers of transparent photopolymers. Although both techniques use the same pattern‐transfer elements, they rely on completely different physical principles and they provide complementary patterning capabilities. The operational simplicity of the techniques, their ability to pattern large areas quickly, and the flexibility in the geometry of structures that can be formed with them suggest general utility for 3D nanomanufacturing.
Identification of a GDP-L-fucose:polypeptide fucosyltransferase and enzymatic addition of O-linked fucose to EGF domains (1996)

An assay of GDP-fucose:polypeptide fucosyltransferase has been established. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction that attaches fucose through an O-glycosidic linkage to a conserved serine or threonine residue in EGF domains. The assay uses recombinant human factor VII EGF-1 domain as acceptor substrate and GDP-fucose as donor substrate. Synthetic peptides with sequences taken from five proteins previously shown to contain O-linked fucose (Harris and Spellman, 1993; Glycobiology, 3, 219-224) did not serve as efficient acceptor substrates. These synthetic peptides did not compromise complete EGF domains and did not contain all six cysteine residues that define the EGF structure. Therefore, the enzyme appears to require more than just a consensus primary sequence and likely requires that the EGF domain disulfide bonds be properly formed. The enzymatic reaction showed linear dependency of its activity on time, amount of enzyme, and substrates. Although the enzyme did not exhibit an absolute requirement for Mn2+, enzymatic activity did increase ten fold in the presence of 50 mM MnCl2. The in vitro glycosylation reaction resulted in complete conversion of the acceptor substrate to glycosylated product, and characterization of the purified product by electrospray mass spectrometry revealed that one fucose was added onto the polypeptide. Most of the enzymatic activity was found to be in the soluble fraction of CHO cell homogenates. However, when enzyme was prepared from rat liver in the presence of protease inhibitors, 37% of the activity was recovered by Triton X-100 extraction of the membrane particles after extensive aqueous washes. The result suggests that the enzyme is probably a membrane protein and, by analogy with other glycosyltransferases, probably has a 'stem' region that is very susceptible to proteolysis.
A Novel Peptidoglycan-Associated Lipoprotein Found in the Cell Envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (1979)

Protein H, one of the major outer membrane proteins Pseudomonas aeruginosa, shows an interesting interaction with the peptidoglycan layer of the cell. It is retained by peptidoglycan after extraction of the cell envelope with SDS solution at 35 degrees C. A protein of the same molecular weight (21,000) as protein H was found in the peptidoglycan-associated fraction of Escherichia coli K-12 prepared under the same conditions. This protein, designated here as protein 21K, was purified from the cell envelope of E. coli, and the properties of two proteins (protein H and protein 21K) were compared. By gas chromatographic analysis of purified protein 21K and protein H, it was found that both contained covalently linked fatty acid. In isotopic labeling experiments, [14C]palmitic acid and [2-3H]glycerol were incorported into both proteins H and 21K. These two proteins showed similar amino acid compositions, but no apparent correlation was found between protein 21K or protein H and Braun's lipoprotein. These results suggest that protein 21K of E. coli K-12 and protein H of P. aeruginosa PAO are a novel type of lipoprotein. All nine gram-negative bacteria tested, including enteric and non-enteric bacteria, contained a similar protein of apparent molecular weight 21,000 as a peptidoglycan-protein complex.
Robust Fluorescent Detection of Protein Fatty-Acylation with Chemical Reporters (2009)

Fatty-acylation of proteins in eukaryotes is associated with many fundamental cellular processes but has been challenging to study due to limited tools for rapid and robust detection of protein fatty-acylation in cells. The development of azido-fatty acids enabled the nonradioactive detection of fatty-acylated proteins in mammalian cells using the Staudinger ligation and biotinylated phosphine reagents. However, the visualization of protein fatty-acylation with streptavidin blotting is highly variable and not ideal for robust detection of fatty-acylated proteins. Here we report the development of alkynyl-fatty acid chemical reporters and improved bioorthogonal labeling conditions using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition that enables specific and sensitive fluorescence detection of fatty-acylated proteins in mammalian cells. These improvements allow the rapid and robust biochemical analysis of fatty-acylated proteins expressed at endogenous levels in mammalian cells by in-gel fluorescence scanning. In addition, alkynyl-fatty acid chemical reporters enable the visualization of fatty-acylated proteins in cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The ability to rapidly visualize protein fatty-acylation in cells using fluorescence detection methods therefore provides new opportunities to interrogate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of fatty-acylated proteins in physiology and disease.
Circulating miR‐221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression (2010)

The direct amplification of plasma miR-221 can be used as a potential noninvasive molecular marker for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC and is correlated with p53 expression.
The Effect of Concentrated Salt Solutions on the Activity Coefficient of Acetyltetraglycine Ethyl Ester (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Concentrated Salt Solutions on the Activity Coefficient of Acetyltetraglycine Ethyl EsterDwight R. Robinson and William P. JencksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 11, 2470–2479Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01089a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01089a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views689Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts