gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving image retrieval performance with negative relevance feedback (2002)

Learning user perception of an image is a challenging issue in interactive content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. These systems employ relevance feedback mechanism to learn user perception in terms of a set of model-parameters and in turn iteratively improve the retrieval performance. Since the quantity of user feedback is expected to be small, learning the user's perception essentially involves parameter estimation with very few training points. We propose a novel, and more efficient method for relevance feedback. Contrary to existing geometric model-based relevance feedback methods, the proposed technique explicitly uses information about irrelevant data points to estimate the parameters of the model. This algorithm iteratively updates the parameters of the similarity metric so as to fit the relevant examples while excluding the irrelevant ones. This is achieved by modifying the weights associated with the relevant examples. Experiments on image and synthetic datasets demonstrate the retrieval effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Identification of Plant Cytokinin Biosynthetic Enzymes as Dimethylallyl Diphosphate:ATP/ADP Isopentenyltransferases (2001)

It has been believed that the key step in cytokinin biosynthesis is the addition of a 5-carbon chain to the N(6) of AMP. To identify cytokinin biosynthesis enzymes that catalyze the formation of the isopentenyl side chain of cytokinins, the Arabidopsis genomic sequence was searched for genes that could code for isopentenyltransferases. This resulted in the identification of nine putative genes for isopentenyltransferases. One of these, AtIPT4, was subjected to detailed analysis. Overexpression of AtIPT4 caused cytokinin-independent shoot formation on calli. As shoot formation on calli normally occurs only when cytokinins are applied, it suggested that this gene product catalyzed cytokinin biosynthesis in plants. Recombinant AtIPT4 catalyzed the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate to the N(6) of ATP and ADP, but not to that of AMP. AtIPT4 did not exhibit the DMAPP:tRNA isopentenyltransferase activity. These results indicate that cytokinins are, at least in part, synthesized from ATP and ADP in plants.
Reduction in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis and Collateral Damage With Pulsed Field Ablation Compared With Radiofrequency Ablation in a Canine Model (2020)

PFA significantly reduced risk of PV stenosis compared with IRF postprocedure in a canine model. IRF also caused vagus nerve, esophageal, and lung injury while PFA did not.
Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentrations in forage plants, protein concentrate meals and cereal grains (1992)

Abstract A procedure was developed for extraction of ‘free’ condensed tannins (CT) using a mixture of acetone/water/diethyl ether (4.7:2.0:3.3), followed by extraction of protein‐bound and fibre‐bound CT using boiling sodium dodecyl sulphate containing 2‐mercaptoethanol (SDS). CT concentrations in all three fractions were determined by a modified butanol‐HCI procedure. Separate standard curves using purified CT in water or SDS solution were utilised for analysis of extractable CT (water standards) and protein‐bound and fibre‐bound CT (SDS standards). The method accurately predicted the concentration of CT added to forage extracts. CT extractable in acetone/water/diethyl ether comprised, on average. 68% of total CT in a range of freeze dried forage legume samples, with most of the remainder being bound to protein. When total CT concentration was low (0.6‐3.0% DM), a lower proportion was extractable (33‐35%). In protein concentrate meals containing CT, the extractable, protein‐bound and fibre‐bound components comprised 15, 60 and 25% respectively of total CT. Total CT concentration in the forages Lotus corniculatus and Coronilla varia was considered appropriate for ruminant nutrition (2.1 and 3.0% DM). whilst CT concentration in the forage of Dorycnium spp (13–19% DM) was more suitable for soil conservation purposes. The substantial CT concentration in cottonseed meal (1.6% DM) may be involved in the high resistance of proteins in this product to ruminal degradation. CT concentration was indistinguishable from zero in perennial ryegrass forage, in barley and triticale grains and in soya bean meal (0.1% DM).
Material effects in air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers (2003)

The waveguiding properties of two silica-based, air-guiding photonic bandgap fiber designs are investigated with special emphasis on material effects. The nonlinear coefficients are found to be 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than those obtained in index-guiding microstructured fibers with large mode areas. The material dispersion of silica makes a significant contribution to the total chromatic dispersion even though less than 10% of the field energy is located in the silica regions of the fibers. These findings suggest that dispersion engineering through the choice of base material may be a possibility in this type of fiber.
A grammatical approach to reducing the statistical sparsity of language models in natural domains (2005)

Network models of natural language grow large and sparse while failing to predict many subsequent inputs. A syntax-directed speech recognizer cannot correctly transcribe a sentence for which no network path exists. The sparsity and size of a network may be reduced by partitioning the vocabulary into primary and secondary vocabularies on the basis of word frequency. Sentences with secondary phrases replaced by a placeholder are used to build a network. Secondary phrases grouped according to which primary words immediately precede and follow them are used to build lower-level networks. The groups of phrases constitute crude grammatical categories. Preliminary study suggests the efficacy of the approach.
Intravenously Administered Bone Marrow Cells Migrate to Damaged Brain Tissue and Improve Neural Function in Ischemic Rats (2007)

Accumulated evidence suggests that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are capable of regenerating damaged tissue. This study evaluated whether intravenously (noninvasively) administered, GFP-labeled BMSCs would migrate into damaged brain tissue and improve neurological function after a stroke. Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after injury, the rats received an IV injection of culture medium or BMSCs isolated from adult Wistar rats expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two hours after injury and 1, 3, and 7 days after cell transplantation, neurological function was evaluated using a neurological severity scale. On day 7, the brain scar size was determined using tetrazolium chloride staining, and the implanted cells were identified using confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate apoptosis and angiogenesis in the ischemic region, as well as the spatial distribution of the implanted BMSCs relative to the native neural cells. Implanted BMSCs migrated throughout the territory of the middle cerebral artery by 7 days after transplantation. Most implanted cells were located in the scar area and border zone of the ischemic region, and some expressed the neuronal marker NeuN. Rats receiving BMSC transplantation exhibited reduced scar size, limited apoptosis, and enhanced angiogenic factor expression and vascular density in the ischemic region relative to the control group, as well as significant improvements in the neurological severity scores. Intravenously administrated BMSCs facilitated the structural and functional recovery of neural tissue following ischemic injury, perhaps mediated by enhanced angiogenesis.
Training Very Deep Networks (2015)

Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that the depth of neural networks is crucial for their success. However, training becomes more difficult as depth increases, and training of very deep networks remains an open problem. Here we introduce a new architecture designed to overcome this. Our so-called highway networks allow unimpeded information flow across many layers on information highways. They are inspired by Long Short-Term Memory recurrent networks and use adaptive gating units to regulate the information flow. Even with hundreds of layers, highway networks can be trained directly through simple gradient descent. This enables the study of extremely deep and efficient architectures.
Measurement of the Universal Gas ConstantRUsing a Spherical Acoustic Resonator (1988)

We report a new value for the universal gas constant $R:8.314471\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000014$ J ${\mathrm{mol}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The standard error of $R$ has been reduced by a factor of 5, to 1.7 ppm. $R$ was determined from the speed of sound in argon contained within a thick, spherical shell at the temperature of the triple point of water ${T}_{t}$. The volume of the shell was measured by our weighing the mercury required to fill it at ${T}_{t}$. The molar mass of the argon was determined relative to that of a standard with accurately known chemical and isotopic composition by use of speed-of-sound data.
Measuring semantic similarity between words using web search engines (2007)

Article Share on Measuring semantic similarity between words using web search enginesWWW '07: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2007 Pages 757–766https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242675Online:08 May 2007Publication History 123citation3,949DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations123Total Downloads3,949Last 12 Months94Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
On the Statistical Analysis of Dirty Pictures (1986)

SUMMARY A continuous two-dimensional region is partitioned into a fine rectangular array of sites or “pixels”, each pixel having a particular “colour” belonging to a prescribed finite set. The true colouring of the region is unknown but, associated with each pixel, there is a possibly multivariate record which conveys imperfect information about its colour according to a known statistical model. The aim is to reconstruct the true scene, with the additional knowledge that pixels close together tend to have the same or similar colours. In this paper, it is assumed that the local characteristics of the true scene can be represented by a non-degenerate Markov random field. Such information can be combined with the records by Bayes' theorem and the true scene can be estimated according to standard criteria. However, the computational burden is enormous and the reconstruction may reflect undesirable large-scale properties of the random field. Thus, a simple, iterative method of reconstruction is proposed, which does not depend on these large-scale characteristics. The method is illustrated by computer simulations in which the original scene is not directly related to the assumed random field. Some complications, including parameter estimation, are discussed. Potential applications are mentioned briefly.
Synergistic activity of combinations of recombinant human alpha interferon and acyclovir, administered concomitantly and in sequence, against a lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice (1985)

The nucleoside analog acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] and the hybrid recombinant human alpha interferon (rHuIFN-alpha A/D) were evaluated in weanling mice for their efficacy alone and in combination against a lethal systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Simultaneous parenteral treatment with combinations of both agents at various doses resulted in a higher percentage of survival than when either agent was administered alone, with a synergistic interaction demonstrated at certain dose combinations. Sequential administration of parenteral rHuIFN-alpha A/D and oral acyclovir, administered by gavage or supplied ad libitum in drinking water, resulted in a synergistic interaction at all dose combinations tested. These results suggest that combinations of interferon and acyclovir may be useful in treating primary herpes simplex virus infections in humans.
Management, outcome and complications of fractures in Patients Living with HIV Aids (PLHA) (2017)

Objectives: To determine the incidence of infection, compare the rates of infection, union and functional outcome of fractures in 5 PLHA patients with that of various previous studies, determine the correlation of various parameters with 6 complications and to determine the final outcome and approach of treatment of fractures in HIV positive patients.
Design: This is retrospective study of 70 PLHA(People Living with HIV/AIDS) patients.
Setting: Patients treated operatively at our institute are included in our study.
Patients: All the PLHA patients having fractures to be treated operatively and admitted in year 2014 are included in our study.
Intervention: The patients were managed operatively depending on fracture type and age of the patient.
Main Outcome Measurements: Infection and bony union assessed clinically and radiographically and functional outcome according to SF-12 scoring.
Results: Mean CD4 count was 452 with a range of 150 to 682. 44 patients belonged to WHO stage 1, 23 belonged to 26 stage 2 and 3 belonged to stage 3. There were no stage 4 patients in our study. The SF-12 score pattern showed gradual increment in values. Out of the 14 patients who underwent debridement post-operatively, 12 patients showed an eventual good outcome.
Conclusions: Although, HIV-positive male patients with fractures exhibited a higher incidence of wound complications and non- union compared to HIV-negative patients, almost all patients achieved satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes through correct, prompt and systematic interventions.

Keyword: PLHA, Fracture Outcomes, Complications
Divergence of Binding, Signaling, and Biological Responses to Recombinant Human Hybrid IFN (1999)

Three human IFN-alpha hybrids, HY-1 [IFN-alpha21a(1-75)/alpha2c(76-165)], HY-2 [IFN-alpha21a(1-95)/alpha2c(96-165)], and HY-3 [IFN-alpha2c(1-95)/alpha21a(96-166)], were constructed, cloned, and expressed. The hybrids had comparable specific antiviral activities on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells but exhibited very different antiproliferative and binding properties on human Daudi and WISH cells and primary human lymphocytes. Our data suggest that a portion of the N-terminal region of the molecule is important for interaction with components involved in binding of IFN-alpha2b while the C-terminal portion of IFN is critical for antiproliferative activity. A domain affecting the antiproliferative activity was found within the C-terminal region from amino acid residues 75-166. The signal transduction properties of HY-2 and HY-3 were evaluated by EMSA and RNase protection assays. Both HY-2 and HY-3 induced activation of STAT1 and 2. However, HY-2 exhibited essentially no antiproliferative effects at concentrations that activated STAT1 and 2. Additionally, at concentrations where no antiproliferative activity was seen, HY-2 induced a variety of IFN-responsive genes to the same degree as HY-3. RNase protection assays also indicate that, at concentrations where no antiproliferative activity was seen for HY-2, this construct retained the ability to induce a variety of IFN-inducible genes. These data suggest that the antiproliferative response may not be solely directed by the activation of the STAT1 and STAT2 pathway in the cells tested.
Aging Hematopoietic Stem Cells Decline in Function and Exhibit Epigenetic Dysregulation (2007)

Age-related defects in stem cells can limit proper tissue maintenance and hence contribute to a shortened lifespan. Using highly purified hematopoietic stem cells from mice aged 2 to 21 mo, we demonstrate a deficit in function yet an increase in stem cell number with advancing age. Expression analysis of more than 14,000 genes identified 1,500 that were age-induced and 1,600 that were age-repressed. Genes associated with the stress response, inflammation, and protein aggregation dominated the up-regulated expression profile, while the down-regulated profile was marked by genes involved in the preservation of genomic integrity and chromatin remodeling. Many chromosomal regions showed coordinate loss of transcriptional regulation; an overall increase in transcriptional activity with age and inappropriate expression of genes normally regulated by epigenetic mechanisms was also observed. Hematopoietic stem cells from early-aging mice expressing a mutant p53 allele reveal that aging of stem cells can be uncoupled from aging at an organismal level. These studies show that hematopoietic stem cells are not protected from aging. Instead, loss of epigenetic regulation at the chromatin level may drive both functional attenuation of cells, as well as other manifestations of aging, including the increased propensity for neoplastic transformation.
PcMYB1, a novel plant protein containing a DNA‐binding domain with one MYB repeat, interacts in vivo with a light‐regulatory promoter unit (1997)

Light regulatory unit 1 (LRU1) is necessary for and sufficient to mediate light-dependent activation of the chalcone synthase (CHS) minimal promoter in Petroselinum crispum. This composite promoter unit consists of at least two distinct cis-acting elements, designated ACECHS and MRECHS, both of which are required for light induction. The ACGT-containing element ACECHS interacts with common plant regulatory factors (CPRFs) which belong to the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) class of transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that MRECHS, originally identified as an in vivo DNA footprint, is a MYB recognition element. This element possesses a functional core that is essential for light responsiveness and is specifically recognized by two distantly related MYB-like proteins: MYB305 and the novel factor MYB1 from P. crispum. PcMYB1 was identified by both its specific binding to MRECHS in vitro and recognition of MRECHS in vivo. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that PcMYB1 contains only one MYB-like repeat. This portion of the protein constitutes the DNA-binding domain. Mutational analysis of PcMYB1 in combination with sequence comparison suggests the presence of a helix-turn-helix structure containing a recognition helix that is sufficient for sequence-specific binding. The structure of this distinct MYB-like DNA-binding domain appears to be conserved in proteins from all three eukaryotic phyla.
Topological Mapping of Neutrophil Cytochrome b Epitopes with Phage-display Libraries (1995)

Cytochrome b of human neutrophils is the central component of the microbicidal NADPH-oxidase system. However, the folding topology of this integral membrane protein remains undetermined. Two random-sequence bacteriophage peptide libraries were used to map structural features of cytochrome b by determining the epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 44.1 and 54.1, specific for the p22phox and gp91phox cytochrome b chains, respectively. The unique peptides of phage selected by mAb affinity purification were deduced from the phage DNA sequences. Phage selected by mAb 44.1 displayed the consensus peptide sequence GGPQVXPI, which is nearly identical to 181GGPQVNPI18 of p22phox. Phage selected by mAb 54.1 displayed the consensus sequence PKXAVDGP, which resembles 382PKIAVDGP389 of gp91phox. Western blotting demonstrated specific binding of each mAb to the respective cytochrome b subunit and selected phage peptides. In flow cytometric analysis, mAb 44.1 bound only permeabilized neutrophils, while 54.1 did not bind intact or permeabilized cells. However, mAb 54.1 immunosedimented detergent-solubilized cytochrome b in sucrose gradients. These results suggest the 181GGPQVNPI188 segment of p22phox is accessible on its intracellular surface, but the 382PKIAVDGP389 region on gp91phox is not accessible to antibody, and probably not on the protein surface.
Identification of the Yeast Mitochondrial Transporter for Oxaloacetate and Sulfate (1999)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 members of the mitochondrial carrier family, including the OAC protein. The transport specificities of some family members are known, but most are not. The function of the OAC has been revealed by overproduction in Escherichia coli, reconstitution into liposomes, and demonstration that the proteoliposomes transport malonate, oxaloacetate, sulfate, and thiosulfate. Reconstituted OAC catalyzes both unidirectional transport and exchange of substrates. In S. cerevisiae, OAC is in inner mitochondrial membranes, and deletion of its gene greatly reduces transport of oxaloacetate sulfate, thiosulfate, and malonate. Mitochondria from wild-type cells swelled in isoosmotic solutions of ammonium salts of oxaloacetate, sulfate, thiosulfate, and malonate, indicating that these anions are cotransported with protons. Overexpression of OAC in the deletion strain increased greatly the [(35)S]sulfate/sulfate and [(35)S]sulfate/oxaloacetate exchanges in proteoliposomes reconstituted with digitonin extracts of mitochondria. The main physiological role of OAC appears to be to use the proton-motive force to take up into mitochondria oxaloacetate produced from pyruvate by cytoplasmic pyruvate carboxylase.
Effects of a Bacterial Inoculum in Channel Catfish Ponds (1998)

Abstract. A commercial bacterial Inoculum cultured on site called Biostart was applied to three channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds at Auburn, Alabama, USA, three times per week from May until October 1996. There were few significant differences (P × 0.1) in concentrations of water quality variables between ponds treated with bacteria and control ponds. In addition, bottom soil carbon and nitrogen did not differ between treated and control ponds. However, survival and net production of fish was significantly (P × 0.1) greater in ponds that received the bacterial inoculum than in controls. The mechanism by which the bacterial treatment influenced fish survival cannot be explained from data collected in this study. Further studies of probiotics are needed to define the potential benefits of these treatments to aquacultural production and to determine their mechanisms of action in pond ecosystems.
Separation of lipid classes by solid phase extraction. (1990)

A rapid and reliable method for the separation of lipid classes is described using aminopropyl disposable columns. This method is a modification to an existing procedure that allows the separation of both neutral and acidic phospholipid fractions and a high recovery of the latter. Acidic phospholipids were eluted with a mixture of hexane-2-propanol-ethanol-0.1 M ammonium acetate-formic acid 420:350:100:50:0.5 containing 5% phosphoric acid after neutral phospholipids had been eluted with methanol. It was verified that extremely high recoveries of cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), sphingomyelin (SM), and cerebrosides were obtained with this method. In addition, there appeared to be no preferential losses or degradation of any particular molecular species as the fatty acid distribution of bovine brain PS and the molecular species profile of plant PI were unaltered by the procedure. Depending on the tissue, this method may yield fractions containing pure lipid classes and/or simple mixtures of lipid classes of similar polarity. These fractions may then be more easily separated by thin-layer chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography for a complete lipid class analysis.