gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laminin M is Found in Placental Basement Membranes, But Not in Basement Membranes of Neoplastic Origin (1986)

Laminin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein found in all basement membranes studied to date. Two subunits of laminin, A and B, have been isolated and characterized from a variety of tumor matrices. Recently we have reported the finding, in human placenta, of a new laminin subunit which we termed M. In the present study we report on the presence of laminin M in placentae of other species such as bovine, rat and mouse. In addition, we have examined laminin extracted from mouse EHS-tumor, rat ED-PYS carcinoma and three human carcinoma cell lines. The laminin subunits were detected by the electroimmunoblot technique using antibodies against mouse, rat and human laminin. Laminin M could not be demonstrated either in the two murine tumors, or in the three different human neoplastic cell lines studied. If the absence of laminin M is the consequence of neoplastic transformation, then studies of the metabolism of this subunit may provide new information on neoplastic transformation and invasion, and a useful marker in tumor diagnosis.
The Large Phenotypic Spectrum of Fabry Disease Requires Graduated Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: A Meta-Analysis Can Help to Differentiate Missense Mutations (2016)

Fabry disease is caused by mutations in the <i>GLA</i> gene and is characterized by a large genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Missense mutations pose a special problem for graduating diagnosis and choosing a cost-effective therapy. Some mutants retain enzymatic activity, but are less stable than the wild type protein. These mutants can be stabilized by small molecules which are defined as pharmacological chaperones. The first chaperone to reach clinical trial is 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, but others have been tested in vitro. Residual activity of <i>GLA</i> mutants has been measured in the presence or absence of pharmacological chaperones by several authors. Data obtained from transfected cells correlate with those obtained in cells derived from patients, regardless of whether 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin was present or not. The extent to which missense mutations respond to 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin is variable and a reference table of the results obtained by independent groups that is provided with this paper can facilitate the choice of eligible patients. A review of other pharmacological chaperones is provided as well. Frequent mutations can have residual activity as low as one-fourth of normal enzyme in vitro. The reference table with residual activity of the mutants facilitates the identification of non-pathological variants.
Controlled Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes by Designed Amphiphilic Peptide Helices (2003)

Carbon nanotubes have properties potentially useful in diverse electrical and mechanical nanoscale devices and for making strong, light materials. However, carbon nanotubes are difficult to solubilize and organize into architectures necessary for many applications. In the present paper, we describe an amphiphilic alpha-helical peptide specifically designed not only to coat and solubilize carbon nanotubes, but also to control the assembly of the peptide-coated nanotubes into macromolecular structures through peptide-peptide interactions between adjacent peptide-wrapped nanotubes. The data presented herein show that the peptide folds into an amphiphilic alpha-helix in the presence of carbon nanotubes and disperses them in aqueous solution by noncovalent interactions with the nanotube surface. Electron microscopy and polarized Raman studies reveal that the peptide-coated nanotubes assemble into fibers with the nanotubes aligned along the fiber axis. Most importantly, the size and morphology of the fibers can be controlled by manipulating solution conditions that affect peptide-peptide interactions.
Cysteine Proteases and Their Inhibitors (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCysteine Proteases and Their InhibitorsHans-Hartwig Otto and Tanja SchirmeisterView Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, D-79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1, 133–172Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1997Publication History Received30 January 1996Revised5 August 1996Published online5 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950025uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950025uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9792Altmetric-Citations593LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Ketones,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII to Treat the Acquired Coagulopathy of Trauma (2005)

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a drug commonly utilized in the treatment of patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. However, its use in previously normal patients with an acquired coagulopathy after trauma and surgery is increasing. Multiple trauma case reports and several case series are available, lending support for the efficacy of the drug in reversing the coagulopathy of trauma. Data from six large animal studies evaluating the efficacy in trauma models are available for evaluation. A single prospective randomized study in elective surgery has recently been published, documenting reduced blood loss and decreased transfusion after a single preoperative dose. This review describes those studies and reiterates the need for well-designed prospective, randomized human trauma studies.
Thermal Cracking of Tars and Volatile Matter from Coal Carbonization (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Cracking of Tars and Volatile Matter from Coal CarbonizationW. R. Hesp and P. L. WatersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1970, 9, 2, 194–202Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/i360034a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (809 KB) Get e-Alerts
TMC-2A, -2B and -2C, Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors Produced by Aspergillus oryzae A374. I.Taxonomy of Producing Strains, Fermentation, and Biochemical Properties. (1997)

TMC-2A(1), -2B (2) and -2C (3), novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) inhibitors, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus oryzae A374. TMC-2A, -2B and -2C inhibited rat kidney DPIV with IC50 value of 8.1 microM, 17 microM, and 20 microM, respectively, as well as human DPIV prepared from mononuclear cells and adenocarcinoma cells. TMC-2 compounds inhibited only DPIV among the proteases tested, indicating their high selectivity for DPIV. The kinetic analyses revealed that TMC-2A was an uncompetitive inhibitor. Taxonomy and fermentation of the producing strain are also described.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐3 and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 regulate neuronal sensitivity to doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis (2003)

Metalloproteinase activity at the cell surface influences cellular sensitivity to extrinsic death vs. survival signals in a variety of cell types, through proteolytic shedding of cell surface signalling molecules. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is a unique natural metalloproteinase inhibitor that plays a pro-apoptotic role through its ability to inhibit metalloproteinases that proteolytically cleave death receptors and their ligands from the cell surface. To study the convergence of metalloproteinase activity and death receptor signalling in neurons, we established an in vitro model of neuronal apoptosis utilizing the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Primary cultures established from embryonic rat cerebral cortices displayed robust and selective neuronal apoptosis in response to Dox, an effect that was dependent on the activation of the death receptor, Fas. We demonstrate that both TIMP-3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) are constitutively expressed by primary cortical neurons in culture, and selectively modulated Fas-mediated neuronal apoptosis induced by Dox. Metalloproteinase inhibition by TIMP-3 was found to be necessary for Dox-induced neuronal death, whereas addition of active MMP-3 markedly attenuated apoptosis and diminished Fas-Fas ligand interaction at the cell surface. These observations implicate a physiological role for the balance of TIMP-3 and MMP-3 activity at the neuronal surface in regulating death receptor sensitivity. The convergence of metalloproteinase activity and death receptor signalling at the cell surface may influence neuronal cell death vs. survival decisions.
The Cholinesterases: From Genes to Proteins (1994)

Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic ...Read More
Atypical amino acids inhibit histidine, valine, or lysine transport into rat brain (1983)

Transport of histidine, valine, or lysine into rat brain slices and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined in the presence of atypical nonprotein amino acids. Competitors of histidine and valine transport in slices were large neutral amino acids including norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminooctanoate, beta-methylphenylalanine, and alpha-aminophenylacetate. Less effective were aromatic amino acids with ring substituents; ineffective were basic amino acids and omega-amino isomers of norleucine and aminooctanoate. Lysine transport was moderately depressed by homoarginine or ornithine plus arginine; large neutral amino acids were also similarly inhibitory. Histidine or valine transport across the BBB was also strongly inhibited by large neutral amino acids that were the most effective competitors in the slices (norvaline, norleucine, alpha-aminooctanoate, and alpha-aminophenylacetate); homoarginine and 8-aminooctanoate were ineffective. Homoarginine, ornithine, and arginine almost completely blocked lysine transport, but the large neutral amino acids were barely inhibitory. When rats were fed a single meal containing individual atypical large neutral amino acids or homoarginine, brain pools of certain large neutral amino acids or of arginine and lysine, respectively, were depleted.
A review of training opportunities for ultrasonography in low and middle income countries (2012)

Regulation and quality control of training in ultrasound skills for those working in LMICs can be improved. Research on effective training and follow-up should be encouraged.
Resting Pd/Pa measured with intracoronary pressure wire strongly predicts fractional flow reserve. (2010)

We demonstrate a strong correlation between resting Pd/Pa and FFR. Resting values of Pd/Pa can be used to predict a positive FFR result with relatively high PPV and NPV. This may potentially obviate the need for adenosine infusion in a proportion of pressure-wire studies.
Evidence for cell surface and internal phospholipase activity in ascidian eggs (1997)

Upon fertilization, ascidian eggs release a cell surface glycosidase used in the block to polyspermy and undergo cortical contractions resulting from increased intracellular calcium levels. The glycosidase is released by fertilization, calcium ionophores or added phospholipase C (PLC) activity. The PLC inhibitor D609 blocks glycosidase release. Intact Ascidia ceratodes eggs cleave 4-methylumbelliferyl-phospho-choline when it is added to seawater. This yields highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone. Authentic phospholipase C but not phospholipase D can cleave this substrate. Thus, the authors believe that cleavage of the substrate is specific for PLC activity. Eggs incubated in the fluorogenic substrate after having been washed and detergent extracted were not fluorescent. Therefore the substrate failed to enter intact cells. Glycosidase release and PLC activity were stimulated by ionomycin. Octylglucoside or Triton X-100 extracts of ascidian eggs had two forms of phospholipase activity as shown by ion affinity chromatography: PL1 eluting at 0.25 mol/L NaCl and PL2 eluting at 0.6 mol/L NaCl. The PL1 appeared to be isolated as a single protein. When surface proteins were labeled with non-penetrating biotin and were subsequently reacted with streptavidin, half of the PLC activity bound. This demonstrates that half the ascidian egg PLC activity is located on the surface of either the egg or follicle cell, and half is located within the egg.
Graph-Based Recommendation on Social Networks (2010)

Recommender systems have emerged as an essential response to the rapidly growing digital information phenomenon in which users are finding it more and more difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Systems under Web2.0 allow users not only to give resources- ratings but also to assign tags to them. Tags play a significant role in Web 2.0. They can be used for navigation, browsing, recommendation and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel recommendation algorithm, which is based on social networks. The social network is established among users and items, taking into account both the information of ratings and tags. We consider users' co-tagging behaviors and add the similarity relationship to the graph to enhance the performance. Our algorithm is based on the Random Walk with Restarts but provides a more natural and efficient way to represent social networks. Having considered the influence of tags, the transition matrix is denser and the recommendation is more accurate. By evaluating our new algorithm and comparing it to the baseline algorithm which is used in many real world recommender systems on a real life dataset, we make the conclusion that our method performs better than the baseline method.
A mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR pneumonitis (1993)

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute respiratory infections in humans. We evaluated mice as experimental animals for C. pneumoniae. Intranasal inoculation of Swiss Webster mice with C. pneumoniae induced a prolonged course of lung infection, as demonstrated by reisolation of organisms from lungs (at 42 days) and persistence of lung pathology (> 60 days). The lung pathology was characterized by patchy interstitial pneumonitis with predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the early and mononuclear cell infiltration in the later stages of infection. Inoculated mice developed serum immunoglobulin G antibody responses and partial resistance against rechallenge inoculation. The other mouse strains tested, Icr, BALB/cAnN, C57BL/6N, C3H/HeN, and B6C3F1, were shown to be susceptible to C. pneumoniae. The mouse model should be useful for investigating the immunopathogenesis of C. pneumoniae infections.
Learning realistic human actions from movies (2008)

The aim of this paper is to address recognition of natural human actions in diverse and realistic video settings. This challenging but important subject has mostly been ignored in the past due to several problems one of which is the lack of realistic and annotated video datasets. Our first contribution is to address this limitation and to investigate the use of movie scripts for automatic annotation of human actions in videos. We evaluate alternative methods for action retrieval from scripts and show benefits of a text-based classifier. Using the retrieved action samples for visual learning, we next turn to the problem of action classification in video. We present a new method for video classification that builds upon and extends several recent ideas including local space-time features, space-time pyramids and multi-channel non-linear SVMs. The method is shown to improve state-of-the-art results on the standard KTH action dataset by achieving 91.8% accuracy. Given the inherent problem of noisy labels in automatic annotation, we particularly investigate and show high tolerance of our method to annotation errors in the training set. We finally apply the method to learning and classifying challenging action classes in movies and show promising results.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Protects Against Hypertension-Induced Heart and Kidney Damage (2004)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilator neuropeptide that is localized in perivascular sensory nerves. To determine whether alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide possesses protective activity against hypertension-induced end organ damage, hypertension was induced in alpha-calcitonin gene-related/calcitonin peptide knockout and wild-type mice by uninephrectomy, deoxycorticosteroid administration, and 0.9% saline drinking water. These mice were instrumented previously for long-term telemetric blood pressure recording. Control groups were sham-operated and given tap water. Mean arterial pressures were determined, and 3 weeks after initiation of each protocol, tissues were taken for histopathologic studies. The deoxycorticosteroid-salt protocol produced a significant 35% mean arterial pressure increase in both mouse strains. No pathological changes were observed in sections of aortas and femoral arteries from any of the groups studied. Likewise, heart and kidney sections from the hypertensive wild-type mice showed no pathological changes compared with their normotensive counterparts. In contrast, marked vasculitis was seen in the heart sections from the deoxycorticosteroid-salt-treated alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide knockout mice with thickening and inflammation of the vessel walls. In addition, myocarditis and focal epicarditis with areas of myocardial necrosis were present. Kidneys of these mice exhibited prominent glomerular changes including congestion of the capillary loops, focal mesangial and crescent proliferation, and focal histocytic infiltration. Urinary microalbumin was significantly higher in the hypertensive alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide knockout compared with hypertensive wild-type mice. These data suggest that deletion of the alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide gene makes the heart and kidneys more vulnerable to hypertension-induced end organ damage.
A User Study of Web Search Session Behaviour using Eye Tracking data (2012)

in this paper we present and empirically evaluate a user study using a web search log and eye tracking to measure user behaviour during a query session, that is, a sequence of user queries, results page views and content page views, in order to find a specific piece of information. we evaluate different tasks, in terms of those who found the correct information, and in terms of the query session sequence itself, ordered by serp (search engine result page), number and return visits to the results page for the same query. from this we are able to identify a number of different behaviour patterns for successful and unsuccessful users, and different trends in user activity during the query session. we find that a user behaves differently after the first query formulation, when we compare with the second formulation (both queries being for the same information item). the results can be used to improve the user experience in the query session, by recognising when the user is displaying one of the patterns we have found to have a low success rate, and offering contextual help at that point. the results may also contribute to improving the design of the results page.
Microglial Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Mediates the Effect of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity in the Ischemic Brain (2009)

Studies in animal models of cerebral ischemia indicate that besides its thrombolytic effect, treatment with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) also induces an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the ischemic tissue associated with the development of cerebral edema. Earlier, we had shown that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a substrate for tPA in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of the interaction between tPA and microglial LRP1 on MMP-9 activity after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions increases MMP-9 activity in wild-type (Wt) and plasminogen-deficient (Plg(-/-)) microglia, but not in tPA (tPA(-/-)) or LRP1-deficient (macLRP-) cells. Treatment with tPA increases MMP-9 expression in tPA(-/-) but not in macLRP- microglia. Middle cerebral artery occlusion increases MMP-9 expression and activity in Wt but not in tPA(-/-) or macLRP- mice, and treatment with tPA increases MMP-9 activity in tPA(-/-) mice but not in macLRP- animals. Finally, MCAO-induced ischemic edema and degradation of the interendothelial right junction protein claudin-5 were significantly attenuated in tPA(-/-) and macLRP- mice. The results of our study indicate that the interaction between tPA and microglial LRP1 increases MMP-9 expression and activity resulting in the degradation of claudin-5 and development of cerebral edema.
E-Commerce Trading Patterns within the SME Sector (2010)

This study profiles an empirical study of E-Commerce trading patterns of SMEs in Wales. Academic debate continues to espouse the importance of the SME community in engendering economic prosperity and enhanced economic development although the sector also remains categorised by high failure rates. The strategic adoption of information technology offers the opportunity for increased competitiveness and enhanced profitability. Evidence suggests, however, that SMEs, particularly the smaller SME classifications, are not effectively exploiting E-business, with limited recorded examples of successful adoption. Within this study, E-Commerce trading practices are therefore contrasted against traditional non E-Commerce trading activity and conclusions are drawn on the behaviour adopted by SME Owner/Managers. The conclusions will inform Owner/Managers, policy makers, practitioners, researchers and educators involved in E-Commerce deployment in the SME sector.