gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF STRAIN RATE ON FLOW STRESS OF TANTALUM. (1970)

The influence of strain rate on the flow stress of 99.9% pure, fully recrystallized tantalum is examined.Stress-strain curves in both tension and compression are ob tained at strain rates from 10" 5 to 5,000 sec" 1 .The dependency of the upper and lower yield stress on strain rate is closely predicted by the Johnston-Gilman model.However, this model does not adequately describe post-yield hardening behavior.The Dorn-Rajnak model appears to describe the dynamic behavior better; it not only predicts yield behavior accurately but provides an excellent description of post-yield behavior.
Oral administration of cholera toxin-Sendai virus conjugate potentiates gut and respiratory immunity against Sendai virus. (1988)

Abstract Successful oral immunization to prevent infectious diseases in the gastrointestinal tract as well as distant mucosal tissues may depend on the effectiveness of an Ag to induce gut immune responses. We and others have previously reported that cholera toxin possesses strong adjuvant effects on the gut immune response to co-administered Ag. To explore further adjuvant effects of cholera toxin, the holotoxin or its B subunit was chemically cross-linked to Sendai virus. The resulting conjugates, which were not infectious, were evaluated for their capacity to induce gut immune responses against Sendai virus after oral administration to mice. Conjugating cholera toxin to virus significantly enhanced the adjuvant activity of cholera toxin compared to simple mixing. Cholera toxin B subunit, however, did not show an adjuvant effect either by itself or conjugated with the virus. Oral administration of the Sendai virus-cholera toxin conjugate was also able to prime for protective anti-viral responses in the respiratory tract. Mice that were orally immunized with the conjugate and intra-nasally boosted with inactivated virus alone showed virus-specific IgA titers in nasal secretions that correlated with protection against direct nasal challenge with live Sendai virus. For comparison, s.c. immunization was also studied. Systemic immunization with the virus-cholera toxin conjugate induced virus-specific antibody responses in serum as well as in the respiratory tract but failed to protect the upper respiratory tract against virus challenge. Systemic immunization plus an intra-nasal boost did, however, confer a variable degree of protection to the upper respiratory tract, which correlated primarily with bronchoalveolar lavage (lung) antibody titers.
Aerobic Metabolism of Trichloroethylene by a Bacterial Isolate (1986)

A number of soil and water samples were screened for the biological capacity to metabolize trichloroethylene. One water sample was found to contain this capacity, and a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which appeared to be responsible for the metabolic activity was isolated from this sample. The isolate degraded trichloroethylene to CO(2) and unidentified, nonvolatile products. Oxygen and water from the original site of isolation were required for degradation.
[Intra-arterial thrombolysis using rt-PA for the treatment of occluded infra-inguinal bypasses]. (1994)

From July 1990 to July 1993, we performed 41 percutaneous intra-arterial thrombolysis procedures for the treatment of obstructed infra-inguinal bypass grafts in 32 patients. There were 27 men and five women with a mean age of 63 +/- 17 years (range 21 to 83 years). The symptoms of occlusion were intermittent claudication in three cases, rest pain in 12 cases, severe ischemia without sensitive-motor loss in 26 cases. Bypasses were achieved using a prosthesis in 18 cases (43.9%), a saphenous vein in 10 cases (24.4%), an arterial allograft in nine cases (21.9%), and a composite prosthesis-vein graft in four cases (9.8%) (table I). The distal anastomosis of the bypass graft was located on the popliteal artery in 26 cases (63.4%) and a crural artery in 15 cases (36.6%). The mean duration of the occlusion was 4.9 +/- 3.4 days (range 1 to 15 days). The percutaneous approach was through the contralateral common femoral artery in 26 cases (63.4%), through the ipsilateral common femoral artery in seven cases (17.1%), through the left humeral artery in eight cases (19.5%). In all cases the thrombolytic agent was the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Each procedure began with the injection of a five milligram bolus of rt-PA into or onto the thrombus followed by infusion of rt-PA into the thrombus at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/h. Intravenous heparin was simultaneously administered. Serum fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were measured every three hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning (2015)

Deep learning tools have gained tremendous attention in applied machine learning. However such tools for regression and classification do not capture model uncertainty. In comparison, Bayesian models offer a mathematically grounded framework to reason about model uncertainty, but usually come with a prohibitive computational cost. In this paper we develop a new theoretical framework casting dropout training in deep neural networks (NNs) as approximate Bayesian inference in deep Gaussian processes. A direct result of this theory gives us tools to model uncertainty with dropout NNs -- extracting information from existing models that has been thrown away so far. This mitigates the problem of representing uncertainty in deep learning without sacrificing either computational complexity or test accuracy. We perform an extensive study of the properties of dropout's uncertainty. Various network architectures and non-linearities are assessed on tasks of regression and classification, using MNIST as an example. We show a considerable improvement in predictive log-likelihood and RMSE compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, and finish by using dropout's uncertainty in deep reinforcement learning.
Can Thymidine Kinase Levels in Breast Tumors Predict Disease Recurrence? (1992)

Higher TK1 levels in tumors in patients who subsequently had disease recurrence almost certainly indicate a high rate of proliferation in such tumors at the time of excision. It appears that TK is a potentially useful marker in the management of breast cancer. With measurement of levels of TK, particularly TK1, in breast tumors and serum, it may be possible to predict recurrence of breast cancer.
The Crystal Structure of Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Reveals a Novel Hexameric Arrangement and Inhibitory Product Binding (2006)

Modification of GTPases with isoprenoid molecules derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate or farnesyl pyrophosphate is an essential requisite for cellular signaling pathways. The synthesis of these isoprenoids proceeds in mammals through the mevalonate pathway, and the final steps in the synthesis are catalyzed by the related enzymes farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Both enzymes play crucial roles in cell survival, and inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates is an established concept in the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis or certain forms of cancer in bone. Here we report the crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, the first mammalian ortholog to have its x-ray structure determined. It reveals that three dimers join together to form a propeller-bladed hexameric molecule with a mass of approximately 200 kDa. Structure-based sequence alignments predict this quaternary structure to be restricted to mammalian and insect orthologs, whereas fungal, bacterial, archaeal, and plant forms exhibit the dimeric organization also observed in farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate derived from heterologous bacterial expression is tightly bound in a cavity distinct from the chain elongation site described for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. The structure most likely represents an inhibitory complex, which is further corroborated by steady-state kinetics, suggesting a possible feedback mechanism for regulating enzyme activity. Structural comparisons between members of this enzyme class give deeper insights into conserved features important for catalysis.
Perú, 1850-1950. La construcción del patrimonio religioso (2005)

1 Incluso durante la r_ eforma d e las __rd enes regul ares de 1826, la resistencia m.ls con sistente d esde el punto de visla jurdico fue el alegato impreso por Jos Ignacio Mor~ no, donde reconocrendo_la pos1b1l1dad de una reforma de esa naturaleza cuestionaba los procedimientos p ues, para este sacerdote diocesano, se debi pedir la anuenc ia d el Papa, lo cual nos ubica en e l v,ejo problema de la jurisprudenc ia patronal (vase Jo s Ignaci o M oreno. Abuso del poder conl ra l a l ibertad de la Iglesia. Lima, Imp. Gon~ lez, 183 1)
Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (1989)

Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) have been shown to be important in the transcriptional regulation of HIV in HeLa cells. These include the negative regulatory, enhancer, SP1, TATA, and TAR regions. Previous studies in which purified SP1 was used showed that the three SP1-binding sites in the HIV LTR were important in the in vitro transcription of this promoter. However, no studies to ascertain the role of each of these SP1-binding sites in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation in vivo have been reported. To determine the role of SP1 sites in transcriptional regulation of the HIV LTR in vivo, these sites were subjected to oligonucleotide mutagenesis both individually and in groups. The constructs were tested by DNase I footprinting with both oligonucleotide affinity column-purified SP1 and partially purified HeLa extract and by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in both the presence and absence of the tat gene. Mutagenesis of each SP1-binding site resulted in minimal changes in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation. Mutations involving alterations of SP1 sites I and II, I and III, or II and III also resulted in minimal decreases in basal and tat-induced transcriptional activation. However, mutagenesis of all three SP1-binding sites resulted in a marked decrease in tat induction. The latter mutation also greatly decreased DNase I protection over the enhancer, TATA, and TAR regions when partially purified HeLa nuclear extract was used. Mutagenesis of the HIV LTR SP1 sites which converted them to consensus high-affinity SP1-binding sites with the sequence GGGGCGGGGC resulted in increased tat-induced gene expression compared with the wild-type HIV LTR template. These results suggest that SP1, through its interaction with other DNA-binding proteins, is critical for in vivo transcriptional regulation of HIV.
Cellular Retinaldehyde-binding Protein Ligand Interactions (1998)

Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinal and/or 11-cis-retinol as endogenous ligands in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells of the retina and has been linked with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Ligand interactions determine the physiological role of CRALBP in the RPE where the protein is thought to function as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase in the synthesis of 11-cis-retinal for visual pigment regeneration. However, CRALBP is also present in optic nerve and brain where its natural ligand and function are not yet known. We have characterized the interactions of retinoids with native bovine CRALBP, human recombinant CRALBP (rCRALBP) and five mutant rCRALBPs. Efforts to trap and/or identify a Schiff base in the dark, under a variety of reducing, denaturing, and pH conditions were unsuccessful, suggesting the lack of covalent interactions between CRALBP and retinoid. Buried and solvent-exposed lysine residues were identified in bovine CRALBP by reductive methylation of the holoprotein followed by denaturation and reaction with [3H]acetic anhydride. Radioactive lysine residues were identified by Edman degradation and electrospray mass spectrometry following proteolysis and purification of modified peptides. Human rCRALBP mutants K152A, K221A, and K294A were prepared to investigate possible retinoid interactions with buried or partially buried lysines. Two other rCRALBP mutants, I162V and Q210R, were also prepared to identify substitutions altering the retinoid binding properties of a random mutant. The structures of all the mutants were verified by amino acid and mass spectral analyses and retinoid binding properties evaluated by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. All of the mutants bound 11-cis-retinal essentially like the wild type protein, indicating that the proteins were not grossly misfolded. Three of the mutants bound 9-cis-retinal like the wild type protein; however, Q210R and K221A bound less than stoichiometric amounts of the 9-cis-isomer and exhibited lower affinity for this retinoid relative to wild type rCRALBP. Residues Gln-210 and Lys-221 are located within a region of CRALBP exhibiting sequence homology with the ligand binding cavity of yeast phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein. The data implicate Gln-210 and Lys-221 as components of the CRALBP retinoid binding cavity and are discussed in the context of ligand interactions in structurally or functionally related proteins with known crystallographic structures.
Human Monoclonal Anti-Protective Antigen Antibody Completely Protects Rabbits and Is Synergistic with Ciprofloxacin in Protecting Mice and Guinea Pigs against Inhalation Anthrax (2006)

Prevention of inhalation anthrax requires early and extended antibiotic therapy, and therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed. We investigated whether a human monoclonal antibody (AVP-21D9) to protective antigen (PA) would protect mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits against anthrax. Control animals challenged with Bacillus anthracis Ames spores by the intranasal route died within 3 to 7 days. AVP-21D9 alone provided minimal protection against anthrax in the murine model, but its efficacy was notably better in guinea pigs. When Swiss-Webster mice, challenged with five 50% lethal doses (LD50s) of anthrax spores, were given a single 16.7-mg/kg of body weight AVP-21D9 antibody dose combined with ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg/day for 6 days) 24 h after challenge, 100% of the mice were protected for more than 30 days, while ciprofloxacin or AVP-21D9 alone showed minimal protection. Similarly, when AVP-21D9 antibody (10 to 50 mg/kg) was combined with a low, nonprotective dose of ciprofloxacin (3.7 mg/kg/day) and administered to guinea pigs for 6 days, synergistic protection against anthrax was observed. In contrast, a single dose of AVP-21D9 antibody (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) but not 0.2 mg/kg alone completely protected rabbits against challenge with 100 LD50s of B. anthracis Ames spores, and 100% of the rabbits survived rechallenge. Further, administration of AVP-21D9 (10 mg/kg) to rabbits at 0, 6, and 12 h after challenge with anthrax spores resulted in 100% survival; however, delay of antibody treatment by 24 and 48 h reduced survival to 80% and 60%, respectively. Serological analysis of sera from various surviving animals 30 days postprimary infection showed development of a species-specific PA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titer that correlated with protection against reinfection. Taken together, the effectiveness of human anti-PA antibody alone or in combination with low ciprofloxacin levels may provide the basis for an improved strategy for prophylaxis or treatment following inhalation anthrax infection.
Diastereomerically pure Rp and Sp dinucleoside H-phosphonates: the stereochemical course of their conversion into P-methylphosphonates, phosphorothioates, and [oxygen-18] chiral phosphates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereomerically pure Rp and Sp dinucleoside H-phosphonates: the stereochemical course of their conversion into P-methylphosphonates, phosphorothioates, and [oxygen-18] chiral phosphatesFrank Seela and Uwe KretschmerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 12, 3861–3869Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00012a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00012a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Sentinel Within:  Exploiting the Immune System for Cancer Biomarkers (2005)

The release of proteins from tumors triggers an immune response in cancer patients. These tumor antigens arise from several mechanisms including tumor-specific alterations in protein expression, mutation, folding, degradation, or intracellular localization. Responses to most tumor antigens are rarely observed in healthy individuals, making the response itself a biomarker that betrays the presence of underlying cancer. Antibody immune responses show promise as clinical biomarkers because antibodies have long half-lives in serum, are easy to measure, and are stable in blood samples. However, our understanding of the specificity and the impact of the immune response in early stages of cancer is limited. The immune response to cancer, whether endogenous or driven by vaccines, involves highly specific T lymphocytes (which target tumor-derived peptides bound to self-MHC proteins) and B lymphocytes (which generate antibodies to tumor-derived proteins). T cell target antigens have been identified either by expression cloning from tumor cDNA libraries, or by prediction based on patterns of antigen expression ("reverse immunology"). B cell targets have been similarly identified using the antibodies in patient sera to screen cDNA libraries derived from tumor cell lines. This review focuses on the application of recent advances in proteomics for the identification of tumor antigens. These advances are opening the door for targeted vaccine development, and for using immune response signatures as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
Extracellular Tyrosinase mRNA within Apoptotic Bodies Is Protected from Degradation in Human Serum (2001)

The amplification of tyrosinase mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) from peripheral blood has frequently been used as a marker for the presence of circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients (1). Recently, tyrosinase mRNA was also demonstrated to be detectable in serum and plasma samples from melanoma patients, indicating that tumor-specific mRNA is present in an extracellular form in the bloodstream (2)(3). This has been confirmed by other investigators demonstrating the presence of extracellular telomerase mRNA in the serum of breast cancer patients (4). It has been speculated that the presence of tumor-associated mRNA in serum and plasma is possibly related to tumor cell necrosis and release of transcripts into the circulation. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that mRNA may be actively secreted by tumor cells in vivo (5)(6). It is not yet clear, however, how serum and plasma mRNA is protected from RNases. Several findings have indicated that extracellular RNA might be protected from serum RNases by proteins or proteolipid complexes (6)(7)(8). Very recently, it was demonstrated that DNA and RNA are packaged separately into apoptotic bodies, producing two types of apoptotic bodies, one type containing RNA and no DNA and the other type containing DNA and no RNA (9). This finding suggests that extracellular …
A Novel Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule Fully Protects Mice from Severe Malaria (2011)

Severe forms of malaria infection, such as cerebral malaria (CM) and acute lung injury (ALI), are mainly caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Primary therapy with quinine or artemisinin derivatives is generally effective in controlling P. falciparum parasitemia, but mortality from CM and other forms of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM; ALF492) that fully protects mice against experimental CM (ECM) and ALI. ALF492 enables controlled CO delivery in vivo without affecting oxygen transport by hemoglobin, the major limitation in CO inhalation therapy. The protective effect is CO dependent and induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which contributes to the observed protection. Importantly, when used in combination with the antimalarial drug artesunate, ALF492 is an effective adjunctive and adjuvant treatment for ECM, conferring protection after the onset of severe disease. This study paves the way for the potential use of CO-RMs, such as ALF492, as adjunctive/adjuvant treatment in severe forms of malaria infection.
Epidermal patterning genes are active during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (2003)

Epidermal cells in the root of Arabidopsis seedling differentiate either as hair or non-hair cells, while in the hypocotyl they become either stomatal or elongated cells. WEREWOLF (WER) and GLABRA2 (GL2) are positive regulators of non-hair and elongated cell development. CAPRICE (CPC) is a positive regulator of hair cell development in the root. We show that WER, GL2 and CPC are expressed and active during the stages of embryogenesis when the pattern of cells in the epidermis of the root-hypocotyl axis forms. GL2 is first expressed in the future epidermis in the heart stage embryo and its expression is progressively restricted to those cells that will acquire a non-hair identity in the transition between torpedo and mature stage. The expression of GL2 at the heart stage requires WER function. WER and CPC are transiently expressed throughout the root epidermal layer in the torpedo stage embryo when the cell-specific pattern of GL2 expression is being established in the epidermis. We also show that WER positively regulates CPC transcription and GL2 negatively regulates WER transcription in the mature embryo. We propose that the restriction of GL2 to the future non-hair cells in the root epidermis can be correlated with the activities of WER and CPC during torpedo stage. In the embryonic hypocotyl we show that WER controls GL2 expression. We also provide evidence indicating that CPC may also regulate GL2 expression in the hypocotyl.