gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Helper Response Rescues Otherwise Low Avidity CD8+ Memory CTLs to Become Efficient Effectors In Vivo (2004)

This report seeks a means of maximizing memory CD8 T cell responses to peptide immunization. Delivery of the CD8 peptide epitope by stress protein, heat shock protein (hsp)70, results in excellent immunogenicity at the acute phase but memory responses were poor both in terms of the number of responding cells as well as their functional avidity. We demonstrate for the first time that hsp70 can also be used as a vehicle to achieve CD4 T cell responses to loaded peptide epitopes and that coimmunization with hsp70 loaded with both CD8 and CD4 peptide epitopes may increase memory up to 3-fold. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell memory responses were of higher avidity measured both by in vitro cytotoxicity assays and a new methodology that measures the avidity of CTL activity in vivo in mice. Our results emphasize that peptide immunization remains a viable approach to induce long-term CD8+ T cell function, providing steps are taken to assure appropriate stimulation of Th cell responses.
Elimination-Based Solution Method for the Forward Kinematics of the General Stewart-Gough Platform (2001)

In order that the elimination method can be efficiently used for the forward kinematics of the general Stewart-Gough platform, the computation burden should be reduced. In this paper, an elimination-based algorithm is proposed, which demands fairly less computation time than the existing algorithms. This is mainly due to the fact that it finally leads to the 1515 Sylvester&amp;apos;s matrix, which is relatively small in size, and the 40th-degree univariate equation is directly derived from the matrix. The algorithm is demonstrated by a numerical example. 1.
Performance of Healthy, Older Adults on the Tower of London Revised: Associations with Verbal and Nonverbal Abilities (2006)

Neuropsychological studies suggest a subclinical impairment in executive function that occurs with normal aging. This is the first study to examine the performance of healthy older adults on the Tower of London-Revised (TOL-R), as well as the relationship between TOL-R performance and verbal and nonverbal abilities. Performance of 63 older adult participants on the TOL-R and two WAIS-III subtests was compared to that of 35 young adult college students. Group comparisons indicated age differences in TOL-R performance; however, these were eliminated after adjusting for individual differences in Matrix Reasoning performance. In the older adult groups, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that Matrix Reasoning performance was a stronger predictor of TOL-R performance than was chronological age or years of education. These results suggest that performance on the TOL-R is a psychometrically sound executive function measure for older adults and that individual differences in fluid intelligence are more predictive of performance than chronological age.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit temporal changes in phenotype (2013)

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) have been recently derived and are used for basic research, cardiotoxicity assessment, and phenotypic screening. However, the hiPS-CM phenotype is dependent on their derivation, age, and culture conditions, and there is disagreement as to what constitutes a functional hiPS-CM. The aim of the present study is to characterize the temporal changes in hiPS-CM phenotype by examining five determinants of cardiomyocyte function: gene expression, ion channel functionality, calcium cycling, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to cardioactive compounds. Based on both gene expression and electrophysiological properties, at day 30 of differentiation, hiPS-CMs are immature cells that, with time in culture, progressively develop a more mature phenotype without signs of dedifferentiation. This phenotype is characterized by adult-like gene expression patterns, action potentials exhibiting ventricular atrial and nodal properties, coordinated calcium cycling and beating, suggesting the formation of a functional syncytium. Pharmacological responses to pathological (endothelin-1), physiological (IGF-1), and autonomic (isoproterenol) stimuli similar to those characteristic of isolated adult cardiac myocytes are present in maturing hiPS-CMs. In addition, thyroid hormone treatment of hiPS-CMs attenuated the fetal gene expression in favor of a more adult-like pattern. Overall, hiPS-CMs progressively acquire functionality when maintained in culture for a prolonged period of time. The description of this evolving phenotype helps to identify optimal use of hiPS-CMs for a range of research applications.
When basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not enough—what next? (2007)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease characterized by co-existing insulin deficiency (relative) and insulin insensitivity. Both fasting and post-prandial blood glucose are elevated, exposing the patient to acute and chronic complications due to micro- and macro-vascular angiopathy. Improving glycaemic control has been demonstrated to lower the risk of these complications. Owing to the progressive nature of the disease, an evolving treatment strategy is necessary to maintain glycaemic control. Insulin therapy is required when dietary and lifestyle modifications combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents fail to provide adequate glycaemic control. Adding an optimized dose of basal insulin to the existing oral therapy is a simple and widely used method for initiating insulin therapy. However, despite an effective control of fasting hyperglycaemia, further intervention to control post-prandial hyperglycaemia may become necessary to achieve HbA1c targets. Strategies for the addition of prandial insulin include administering short-acting (or rapid-acting) insulin analogues before each meal or twice-daily administration of pre-mixed insulin. As a single large meal often contributes to the greatest part of daytime hyperglycaemia, an alternative strategy is emerging with the addition of a single injection of prandial insulin prior to the meal that induces the largest post-prandial blood glucose excursion measured 2 h after the start of the meal. Over time, additional prandial boluses of insulin may be required to sustain daytime glycaemic control. This strategy offers a simple, stepwise approach to progress from basal insulin to a basal-bolus regimen. Studies are needed to validate this method and better define specific titration tactics.
The Incidence of Peripheral Nerve Injury in Extremity Trauma (2008)

When looking at the population sampled, rates for peripheral nerve injury in people incurring limb trauma are low. Crush injuries seem to have the highest rate of associated nerve injury. Further studies are needed to observe outcomes for people with nerve damage after trauma.
CD4 and Chemokine Receptors on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells, Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathogenesis (2004)

Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction is commonly observed in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the mechanism(s) whereby HIV-1 causes encephalopathy remains incompletely understood. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), which constitute the blood-brain barrier, are likely to contribute to HIV-1 encephalopathy, but it is unclear whether HIV-1 receptors (CD4, chemokine receptors) are present on HBMECs. In the present study, the presence of CD4 in six different children was demonstrated. Moreover, the presence of CD4 in situ on brain sections was shown. Distribution of CD4 expression was heterogeneous among microvessels; staining for CD4 was strong in some vessels and absent in other adjacent vessels. CD4 and chemokine coreceptors were found to be functional as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression increased upon incubation of HBMECs with activating anti-CD4 and anti-chemokine receptor antibodies. The presence of CD4 and chemokine receptors in human brain endothelium of children may have implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-1 encephalopathy and explain the higher incidence of CNS involvement in HIV-1-infected children as compared to adults.
CSF Perfusion to Treat Intraventricular Penicillin Toxicity (1981)

A shunt infection and meningitis developed in a patient receiving methotrexate intravenously for CNS leukemia. Convulsions and respiratory failure followed the intraventricular administration of 300,000 units of penicillin G potassium. Perfusion with 900 mL of Ringer's lactate removed an amount of penicillin equal to that injected intraventricularly plus some from systemic treatment.
Enhanced Local Production of Complement Components in the Small Intestines of Patients with Crohn's Disease (1990)

There is evidence that complement components may be formed locally in inflammatory lesions containing monocytes and macrophages. To investigate the role of complement in Crohn's disease we measured jejunal-fluid concentrations of the complement components C4, C3, and factor B by perfusion of a closed segment of the jejunum in 22 patients with Crohn's disease thought to be limited to the terminal ileum. The mean (+/- SEM) jejunal-fluid C4 concentration was 2.0 +/- 0.3 mg per liter, significantly higher than the mean level in 35 healthy controls (0.7 +/- 0.1 mg per liter; P less than 0.001). The mean C3 concentration was 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg per liter in the patients and 0.7 +/- 0.1 mg per liter in the controls (P less than 0.05). The factor B levels were similar in the two groups. Calculated rates of intestinal secretion of these components showed differences of the same magnitude. Leakage of protein from plasma was not increased. The jejunal-fluid:serum ratios of these complement proteins indicated that their appearance in the lumen of the jejunum was due to at least in part to local mucosal synthesis. The increased jejunal secretion of C4, but not C3 or factor B, paralleled the clinical activity of Crohn's disease. Values were normal in first-degree relatives of the patients (n = 13), patients with celiac disease (n = 8), and patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 4). We conclude that increased secretion of complement by clinically unaffected jejunal tissue in patients with Crohn's disease reflects the systemic nature of this disorder and may be due to the stimulated synthesis of complement by activated intestinal monocytes and macrophages.
Structure, expression, and genomic mapping of the mouse natriuretic peptide type-B gene. (1993)

The structure of the mouse natriuretic peptide type-B (BNP) gene was determined by isolating and sequencing genomic clones. The mouse BNP gene was structurally similar to other natriuretic peptide genes and comprised three exons and two introns. Expression of the mouse BNP gene was found only in cardiac tissue as determined by ribonuclease protection analyses. Initiation of transcription was 31 bp downstream from a consensus TATA box as determined by primer extension analysis of cardiac RNA. Comparative DNA sequence analysis identified several DNA elements with potential transcriptional regulatory function. Comparative amino acid sequence analysis showed that the N-terminal portion of the mouse and rat BNP precursors was more conserved than the C-terminal 45-amino-acid sequence that constitute the bioactive BNP-45 peptide. The proteolytic processing site (RXXR-S) generating bioactive BNPs was highly conserved among all BNP precursors and was identical to the consensus site of furin, a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease. Finally, the BNP gene was mapped using recombinant inbred DNA and a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism assay to mouse chromosome 4 near the atrial natriuretic factor (Anf) locus. No recombination event between Bnp and Anf was evident in the 39 recombinant inbred and inbred strains examined. This physical linkage between the two natriuretic peptide genes expressed in cardiac tissue may be important for their transcriptional regulation.
Assessment of the potential impact of a reminder system on the reduction of diagnostic errors: a quasi-experimental study (2006)

The provision of patient- and context-specific reminders has the potential to reduce diagnostic omissions across all subject grades for a range of cases. This study suggests a promising role for the use of future reminder-based DSS in the reduction of diagnostic error.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER CHEMISTRY OF PYRROLES (1984)

Abstract Das aus 1‐Hydroxypyrrol (I) und dem Acryloylchlorid (II) zugängliche Acylierungsprodukt (III) ergibt das intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Addukt (IV), das über den Diester (V) das Sulfonamid (VI) ergibt.
Stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells by activation of the growth hormone receptor (1993)

To investigate the possibility that tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins might play a role in GH receptor signaling, we have studied tyrosine phosphorylation induced by GH and by GH mutants in the human lymphocyte line IM-9, a homologous cell system which is known to respond to GH by increased proliferation. IM-9 cells were treated with physiological concentrations of recombinant human GH (rhGH). Protein lysates from these cells were then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with an antibody specific for phosphotyrosine. rhGH stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins having M(r) of approximately 93,000 and 120,000. Tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins was time and dose dependent. At 2 nM rhGH tyrosine phosphorylation of these two proteins was evident by 5 min, maximal at 15 min, and decreasing by 45 min of treatment. At doses of 10 and 100 nM rhGH, tyrosine phosphorylation was stimulated by 1 min of GH treatment. IM-9 cells were also treated with genetically engineered mutant forms of the GH protein. Previous biophysical analysis of these mutant GH proteins has shown that the GH protein contains two distinct binding sites which interact in a sequential manner with the extracellular domains of two distinct GH receptor molecules, thus forming a dimeric complex. By treating IM-9 cells with these same GH mutants and analyzing tyrosine phosphorylation, we found that tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited under conditions which prevent receptor dimerization, thus providing evidence that formation of a dimeric GH:(GH receptor)2 complex may be important for intracellular signaling by the GH receptor.
Pluripotency in Adult Stem Cells: State of the Art (2006)

For many years, it has long been known that stem cells derived from adult tissues maintain the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types that are characteristic of the tissue of origin. Recent studies have shown new evidence that several tissues may contain cells capable of generating differentiated cells beyond their own tissue boundaries, defining a process termed stem cell plasticity. The pluripotency of adult stem cells have evoked significant excitement over the possibility of novel functional uses of stem cells, with the final purpose to develop new and more effective treatment strategies. However, despite the number of promising studies describing the plasticity of adult stem cells, many questions remain to be answered. In this article, we critically review the current state of the art in the field of adult stem cells, focussing on the present understanding of the concepts of stem cell pluripotency and plasticity.
Genetic engineering of animals (1993)

Genetic Engineering of Animal Cells Expression of Endogenous and Heterologous Genes in Animal Cells Manipulation of Animal Cells Transgenetic Animals Transfer of Transgenes Transmission of Transgenes Expression of Transgenes Application of Transgenic Mice Application of Transgenic Livestock Transgenic Chicken Transgenic Fish Problems and Future Possibilities with Transgenic Animals.
Floral meristem initiation and meristem cell fate are regulated by the maizeAP2genesids1andsid1 (2008)

Grass flowers are organized on small branches known as spikelets. In maize, the spikelet meristem is determinate, producing one floral meristem and then converting into a second floral meristem. The APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene indeterminate spikelet1 (ids1) is required for the timely conversion of the spikelet meristem into the floral meristem. Ectopic expression of ids1 in the tassel, resulting from a failure of regulation by the tasselseed4 microRNA, causes feminization and the formation of extra floral meristems. Here we show that ids1 and the related gene, sister of indeterminate spikelet1 (sid1), play multiple roles in inflorescence architecture in maize. Both genes are needed for branching of the inflorescence meristem, to initiate floral meristems and to control spikelet meristem determinacy. We show that reducing the levels of ids1 and sid1 fully suppresses the tasselseed4 phenotype, suggesting that these genes are major targets of this microRNA. Finally, sid1 and ids1 repress AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factors within the lateral organs of the spikelet, similar to the function of AP2 in Arabidopsis, where it is required for floral organ fate. Thus, although the targets of the AP2 genes are conserved between maize and Arabidopsis, the genes themselves have adopted novel meristem functions in monocots.
Application of Ultrasound Energy as a New Drug Delivery System (1999)

Ultrasound has been in use for the last three decades as a modality for diagnostic imaging in medicine. Recently, there have been numerous reports on the application of nonthermal ultrasound energy for targeting or controlling drug release. This new concept of therapeutic ultrasound combined with drugs has led to much excitement in various medical fields. Ultrasound energy can enhance the effects of thrombolytic agents such as urokinase. Therapeutic ultrasound catheters are currently being developed for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Devices with ultrasound transducers implanted in transdermal drug patches are also being evaluated for possible delivery of insulin through the skin. Chemical activation of drugs by ultrasound energy for treatment of cancers is another new field recently termed “Sonodynamic Therapy”. Various examples of ultrasound application are under investigation which could lead to revolutionary drug delivery systems in the future.
Electric dichroism study of a sonicated DNA and its complex with an acridine dye in aqueous solutions: field-strength dependence and linear dichroic spectra (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectric dichroism study of a sonicated DNA and its complex with an acridine dye in aqueous solutions: field-strength dependence and linear dichroic spectraKiwamu Yamaoka and Koichiro MatsudaCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 3, 595–601Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50004a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50004a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Express Protocol for Functionalization of Polymer Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis (1996)

Abstract A rapid and general one-pot method is described for the attachment of the leader nucleoside onto the polymer supports, suitable for polymer supported oligonucleotide synthesis following oxidation-reduction condensation. The method can also be used for support functionalisation in fully automated DNA synthesizer prior to oligonucleotide synthesis.
Longitudinal studies of regional cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (1988)

Measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism in six patients with Alzheimer's disease using positron emission tomography demonstrated that hypometabolism remained relatively more severe in parietal cortex than in frontal cortex over time. Lateral metabolic asymmetries were preserved in less severely involved brain regions, but were less stable in parietal cortex.
Drug export activity of the human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter in polarized kidney MDCK cells expressing cMOAT (MRP2) cDNA. (1998)

Apert syndrome, associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2 mutations, is characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. We analyzed proliferation and differentiation of calvaria cells derived from Apert infants and fetuses with FGFR-2 mutations. Histological analysis revealed premature ossification, increased extent of subperiosteal bone formation, and alkaline phosphatase- positive preosteoblastic cells in Apert fetal calvaria compared with age-matched controls. Preosteoblastic calvaria cells isolated from Apert infants and fetuses showed normal cell growth in basal conditions or in response to exogenous FGF-2. In contrast, the number of alkaline phosphatase- positive calvaria cells was fourfold higher than normal in mutant fetal calvaria cells with the most frequent Apert FGFR-2 mutation (Ser252Trp), suggesting increased maturation rate of cells in the osteoblastic lineage. Biochemical and Northern blot analyses also showed that the expression of alkaline phosphatase and type 1 collagen were 2-10-fold greater than normal in mutant fetal calvaria cells. The in vitro production of mineralized matrix formed by immortalized mutant fetal calvaria cells cultured in aggregates was also increased markedly compared with control immortalized fetal calvaria cells. The results show that Apert FGFR-2 mutations lead to an increase in the number of precursor cells that enter the osteogenic pathway, leading ultimately to increased subperiosteal bone matrix formation and premature calvaria ossification during fetal development, which establishes a connection between the altered genotype and cellular phenotype in Apert syndromic craniosynostosis.
Construction of a recombinant bovine leukemia virus vector for analysis of virus infectivity (1990)

A recombinant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was constructed in which the X region was replaced with the bacterial neomycin resistance gene controlled by the simian virus 40 early promoter. This virus, termed BLV-SVNEO, is a self-packaging, activator-dependent retroviral vector. Introduction of the plasmid pBLV-SVNEO into mammalian cells resulted in constitutive expression of the neo gene, whereas the BLV structural genes, gag, pol, and env, were expressed only in the presence of the two regulatory proteins, Tax and Rex. The production and release of recombinant virus by cells transfected with pBLV-SVNEO were proportional to the number of G418-resistant colonies that developed after susceptible cells were exposed to the filtered culture medium. BLV-SVNEO was able to infect cell lines of human, bovine, canine, feline, and murine origin. BLV-producing cell lines were resistant to superinfection with BLV-SVNEO. This cell-virus system should facilitate molecular genetic studies of BLV and will provide a rapid, quantitative measure of BLV infectivity in a variety of cell types. These studies also demonstrate the feasibility of using activator-dependent retroviral vectors such as BLV-SVNEO to deliver foreign genes into cells and eventually animals.