gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Hemodynamic Effects of Nonhypotensive Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertension and Heart Failure Rats (1992)

Both circulating and local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) may contribute to cardiovascular homeostasis under normal and pathophysiologic conditions. They may also play a role in the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In the present study, we compared systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of nonhypotensive doses of captopril and enalaprilate in normal rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI). Enalaprilate (0.1 mg/kg) or captopril (3 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) in conscious rats equipped with miniature Doppler flow probes on renal and mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta or an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta to measure cardiac output (CO). This resulted in a shift of the angiotensin-I (ANG I) dose-pressor curve (ED50 of ANG I after saline 0.21 +/- 0.33 micrograms, enalaprilate 1.45 +/- 0.26 micrograms, captopril 2.38 +/- 0.73 micrograms; mean +/- SEM; n = 6-12). In the systemic hemodynamic groups, no significant changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CO, or total peripheral resistance (TPR) were observed. In the regional hemodynamic groups, enalaprilate caused a slight (-8 +/- 1 mm Hg) reduction in MAP in normal rats. Resistance in the hindquarters was not affected by ACE inhibitors, whereas only enalaprilate reduced mesenteric resistance in MI rats. In contrast, renal resistance was reduced and renal blood flow (RBF) increased after captopril in normal and MI rats and after enalaprilate in MI rats. Effects were greatest in MI rats (RBF: saline -0.05 +/- 1.9%, enalaprilate 10.3 +/- 2.4%, captopril 10.1 +/- 2.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human IgG monoclonal antibodies that modulate the binding of specific IgE to birch pollen Bet v 1 (1996)

Birch pollen allergy is a very frequent pathology in Europe and North America. More than 95% of the tree pollen allergic patients display IgE reactivity against Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen. Starting with PBL from a patient desensitized by immunotherapy, we have generated five B cell lines (BAB1 to BAB5) that secrete human IgG mAbs of high affinity for Bet v 1. Although competition studies indicated that these human IgG mAb recognized different epitopes, broad cross-reactivity was found with Bet v 1 homologous allergens present in tree pollens and plant-derived foods. When tested for interference with allergic patients' IgE, BAB1 inhibited (by 80-100%) the binding of IgE to nitrocellulose-blotted Bet v 1, while BAB2 enhanced it. The biologic significance of the ability of BAB1 to interfere with patients' IgE binding is indicated by the finding that BAB1 completely inhibited Bet v 1-induced histamine release from allergic patients' basophils. Allergen-specific human IgG mAbs such as BAB1, which presents high blocking activity in both immunochemical and cellular IgE competition experiments, might have therapeutical application.
Nicotine Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of Rationale, Mechanisms, Pharmacology, and Clinical Results (1999)

Smoking is protective against developing ulcerative colitis. Nicotine may be the cause of this protective effect. Controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy of transdermal nicotine for active ulcerative colitis. Side effects observed with transdermal nicotine include contact dermatitis, nausea, and lightheadedness. Topical administration of nicotine to the colon reduces nicotine blood concentrations and side effects, and may be of clinical benefit.
Analysis of polarization-dependent gain in fiber amplifiers (1998)

Polarization-dependent gain (PDG) in fiber amplifiers is studied theoretically. A mathematical model is developed by treating the dopant ions in glass host as partially anisotropic oscillators, and both the signal and the pump effects are taken into account. It is illustrated that PDG includes two components. One arises from polarization-selective excitation of the dopant ions by the pump; the other originates from polarization-selective deexcitation of the lasing ions by the saturating signal, known as polarization hole burning (PHB). PDG depends strongly on the operating state of the amplifiers such as the level of gain compression, the anisotropy of the dopant ions, and the relative polarization orientations of the signal and the pump. In a small-signal regime, PDG is induced only by the pump while in large-signal condition it is the sum of the two components. The good agreement between the theoretical calculations and the reported results confirms the validity of the model.
RoseburiaSpp.: A Marker of Health? (2017)

The genus Roseburia consists of obligate Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that are slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple subterminal flagella. It includes five species: Roseburia intestinalis, R. hominis, R. inulinivorans, R. faecis and R. cecicola. Gut Roseburia spp. metabolize dietary components that stimulate their proliferation and metabolic activities. They are part of commensal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, affecting colonic motility, immunity maintenance and anti-inflammatory properties. Modification in Roseburia spp. representation may affect various metabolic pathways and is associated with several diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, nervous system conditions and allergies). Roseburia spp. could also serve as biomarkers for symptomatic pathologies (e.g., gallstone formation) or as probiotics for restoration of beneficial flora.
Prostate Cancer: Screening, Diagnosis, and Management (1993)

Despite the increase in prostate cancer incidence and detection, substantial controversy still exists about the advisability and effectiveness of screening programs, the most appropriate staging evaluation, and the optimal management of patients with all stages of prostate cancer. Although randomized, prospective studies attempt to address some of these issues, physicians must appreciate inherent ambiguities involved in recommending staging and treatment choices.
Design: History, Theory and Practice of Product Design (2005)

Design ist heute zu einem globalen Instrument geworden. Seine Entwicklung und Bedeutung wird anhand ausgewählter Länder Europas, Amerikas und Asiens vorgestellt. Mannigfaltige Unternehmensbeispiele machen das Buch zu einem aktuellen internationalen Kompendium des Designs. Der Autor zeigt die Entwicklung des Designs von seinen Anfängen im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert über die wichtigsten Bewegungen des 20. Jahrhunderts bis hin zur biologischen Wende, die das 21. Jahrhundert bestimmen wird. Die wichtigsten Grundlagen der Designtheorie und -methodologie werden vorgestellt, besonders auch die kommunikativen Funktionen der Produkte. Die aktuellen Erweiterungen hin zum Corporate- und Service Design, Design-Management und strategischem Design, Interface/Interaction-Design bis hin zum Human Design werden erläutert und anhand zahlreicher Beispiele anschaulich gemacht
Low delay, high quality wireless digital speech communications by shared time division duplexing (2002)

We examine various strategies to provide low delay, high quality digital speech communications in a high capacity wireless network. Multiple access schemes based an time-division and packet reservation are compared in terms of their statistical multiplexing capabilities, sensitivity to speech packet dropping, delay, robustness to lossy packet environments, and overhead efficiency. In particular, we propose a low-delay multiple access scheme, called Shared Time-Division Duplexing (STDD), which allows both the uplink and downlink traffic to share a common channel, thereby achieving high statistical multiplexing gain even with a low population of simultaneous conversations. Typically, with a total capacity of 1 MBaud, 2 ms frame and 8 kBaud speech rate, low delay STDD is able to support 48 pairs of users compared to 38, 35 and 16 for TDMA with speech activity detection, basic TDMA and PRMA respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel series of 111In-labeled bombesin analogs as potential radiopharmaceuticals for specific targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors expressed on human prostate cancer cells. (2003)

These studies showed that radiometallated DOTA-X-BBN[7-14]NH(2) constructs with hydrocarbon spacers ranging from 5 to 8 carbon atoms are feasible candidates for further development as diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for patients with GRP-positive cancers.
Suppression of Nonsense Mutations in Cell Culture and Mice by Multimerized Suppressor tRNA Genes (2000)

We demonstrate here the first experimental suppression of a premature termination codon in vivo by using an ochre suppressor tRNA acting in an intact mouse. Multicopy tRNA expression plasmids were directly injected into skeletal muscle and into the hearts of transgenic mice carrying a reporter gene with an ochre mutation. A strategy for modulation of suppressor efficiency, applicable to diverse systems and based on tandem multimerization of the tRNA gene, is developed. The product of suppression (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) accumulates linearly with increases in suppressor tRNA concentration to the point where the ochre-suppressing tRNA(Ser) is in four- to fivefold excess over the endogenous tRNA(Ser). The subsequent suppressor activity plateau seems to be attributable to accumulation of unmodified tRNAs. These results define many salient variables for suppression in vivo, for example, for tRNA suppression employed as gene therapy for nonsense defects.
Wearable wireless photoplethysmography sensors (2008)

Wearable health monitoring sensors may support early detection of abnormal conditions and prevention of their consequences. Recent designs of three wireless photoplethysmography monitoring devices embedded in hat, glove and sock, and connected to PC or mobile phone by means of the Bluetooth technology, are described. First results of distant monitoring of heart rate and pulse wave transit time using the newly developed devices are presented.
Rapid Internalization and Recycling of the Human Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor (2002)

Desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involves receptor phosphorylation and reduction in the number of receptors at the cell surface. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y(1) receptor undergoes fast desensitization. We examined agonist-induced signaling and internalization using NPY Y(1) receptors fused to green fluorescent protein (EGFP). When expressed in HEK293 cells, EGFP-hNPY Y(1) receptors were localized at the plasma membrane, desensitized rapidly as assessed using calcium responses, and had similar properties compared to hNPY Y(1) receptors. Upon agonist challenge, the EGFP signal decreased rapidly (t(1/2) = 107 +/- 3 s) followed by a slow recovery. This decrease was blocked by BIBP3226, a Y(1) receptor antagonist, or by pertussis toxin, in agreement with Y(1) receptor activation. Internalization of EGFP-hNPY Y(1) receptors to acidic endosomal compartments likely accounts for the decrease in the EGFP signal, being absent after pretreatment with monensin. Concanavalin A and hypertonic sucrose, which inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis, blocked the decrease in fluorescence. After agonist, intracellular EGFP signals were punctate and co-localized with transferrin-Texas Red, a marker of clathrin-associated internalization and recycling, but not with LysoTracker Red, a lysosomal pathway marker, supporting receptor trafficking to recycling endosomes rather than the late endosomal/lysosomal pathway. Pulse-chase experiments revealed no receptor degradation after internalization. The slow recovery of fluorescence was unaffected by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, indicating that de novo synthesis of receptors was not limiting. Use of a multicompartment model to fit our fluorescence data allows simultaneous determination of internalization and recycling rate constants. We propose that rapid internalization of receptors via the clathrin-coated pits recycling pathway may largely account for the rapid desensitization of NPY Y(1) receptors.
Synthesis of Sterically Hindered 1,3‐Diketones (2007)

Abstract An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of sterically hindered aliphatic/aromatic 1,3‐diketones via coupling of ketones with esters using potassium tert‐butoxide is described. The protocol requires milder operating conditions, and the products are obained in good to excellent yields. Keywords: claisen condensation1,3‐diketoneesterpotassium tert‐butoxide Acknowledgments Financial assistance from Department of Atomic Energy/Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (DAE/BRNS) is acknowledged.
The transmission and effects of Wolbachia bacteria in parasitoids (1999)

Abstract Wolbachia bacteria are obligatory intracellular parasites of arthropods and have been detected in about 70 species of parasitic wasps and three parasitoid flies. Wolbachia are transmitted cytoplasmically (maternally) and modify host reproduction in different ways to enhance their own transmission: parthenogenesis induction (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), or feminization (F) of genetic males. Only PI and CI are known in parasitoids. PI‐ Wolbachia cause thelytoky in otherwise arrhenotokous parasitoids by generating diploid (rather than haploid) unfertilized wasp eggs. CI‐ Wolbachia cause incompatibility of crosses between infected males and uninfected females because the paternally derived chromosomes fail to decondense and are destroyed after syngamy. More complex situations arise when hosts harbor multiple infections, which can lead to bidirectional incompatibility and may be involved in parasitoid speciation. The relative fitness of infected and uninfected hosts is important to the population dynamics of Wolbachia , and more data are needed. Evolutionary conflict should be common between host genes, Wolbachia genes, and other “selfish” genetic elements. Wolbachia ‐specific PCR primers are now available for several genes with different rates of evolution. These primers will permit rapid screening in future studies of spatial and temporal patterns of single and multiple infection. Molecular phylogenies show that CI‐ and PI‐ Wolbachia do not form discrete clades. In combination with experimental transfection data, this result suggests that host reproductive alterations depend on the interaction between attributes of both Wolbachia and host. Moreover, Wolbachia isolates from closely related hosts do not usually cluster together, and phylogenies suggest that Wolbachia may have radiated after their arthropod hosts. Both results support considerable horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between host species over evolutionary time. Natural horizontal transmisson between parasitoids and their hosts, or with entomoparasitic nematodes or ectoparasitic mites, remains a tantalizing but equivocal possibility.
Experimental and Modeling Studies on Sulfur Trioxide of Flue Gas in a Coal-Fired Boiler (2017)

Various damages, including corrosion, fouling, and blue plumes, can be caused by sulfur trioxide (SO3) in the flue gas of a coal-fired boiler on boiler equipment and the atmospheric environment. The increasing demand for energy conservation and emission reduction requires accurate knowledge on predicting and controlling the SO3 concentration. Accurate knowledge on the effect of the factors that influence SO3 in flue gas is necessary as well. Therefore, in this study, various SO3 concentrations under different flue gas conditions are measured with measuring devices built based on controlled condensation and S balance methods. To further study the effect of the factors that influence SO3 in flue gas, an improved SO2/O2/H2O/CO2/CO/NO kinetic mechanism is built based on previously developed mechanisms and validated with previous experimental data. SO3 concentrations under the established flue gas conditions and with increasing residence time are numerically calculated. The SO3 concentration in flue gas is mainly dependent upon SO2, O2, and H2O concentrations as well as the temperature and residence time. The SO3 concentration undergoes three stages of sharp increase, slow increase, and gradual decrease as the residence time increases. In addition, the SO3 concentration increases significantly as CO and NO emerge in the flue gas. However, SO3 is constant as CO2 emerges.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping and Point Mutation Detection by Ligation on Microarrays (2011)

Based on the principle of sequencing by ligation, a novel method referred to as "Minisequencing by ligation" for detecting known single nucleotide variant in high-throughput assay formats is reported in this article. By designing a sequencing primer and fluorescently labeled probes each with a "discriminating" base according to the single base variation, this method can be used to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or point mutation in a number of samples in parallel. In our current study, three known nucleotides at a given position of three DNA templates with different CG contents are firstly genotyped on aldehyde-modified slide to testify the feasibility and optimize the reaction conditions. Then, by performing ligation reaction between phosphorylated 5' end of the sequencing primer and hydroxylated 3' end of the labeled probe or phosphorylated 5' end of the labeled probe and hydroxylated 3' end of the sequencing primer, a SNP locus (rs1800497 (C/T)) and a point mutation (Mt1555 (A/G)) have been accurately detected on aldehyde-modified microarray and Sepharose beads in acrylamide gel, respectively. It has demonstrated that "minisequencing by ligation," as a promising methodology, can perform point mutation and SNP analysis in a simple, cost-effective, robust and high-throughput way.
Bleaching of melanin pigments. Role of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide in autooxidation and photooxidation of synthetic dopa-melanin. (1990)

Bleaching of eumelanin has been studied in model systems consisting of synthetic dopa-melanin and various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen, and copper(II) ions at neutral and alkaline pH. The data show that at neutral pH, in the dark, metal-ion-free melanin is very resistant to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. However, the rate of bleaching of melanin, induced by H2O2 is significantly accelerated by illumination from UVA-visible light. Bound-to-melanin copper(II) also accelerates the bleaching of melanin with the efficiency dependent on concentration of H2O2 and oxygen. It suggests possible involvement of melanin-copper complexes in Fenton-like processes. The formation of hydroxyl radicals during melanin bleaching has been concluded on the basis of the electrochemical detection of hydroxylation products of salicylate used as OH scavenger. Redox conversion of bound-to-melanin copper ions was monitored by EPR spectroscopy and direct measurement of melanin-Cu(II) complexes. It has been shown that melanin-copper(I) complexes were readily oxidized by either oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The data indicate that bleaching of melanin is a complex process with two distinct stages, reversible oxidation of the hydroquinone moieties of melanin followed by irreversible reactions of the monomers that lead to degradation of the melanin polymer.
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression and activation: a brief review. (1990)

The epidermal growth factor receptor, a transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in cellular signalling both in embryonic development and in adult tissues. By phosphorylation of substrate proteins on tyrosine, signals may be transmitted which result in gene expression, ion flux and mitogenesis to name but a few of the pleiotropic effects of receptor activation. The epidermal growth factor receptor is relatively well studied amongst an increasing family of tyrosine kinases and makes a good model system for studying structure-function relationships involved in signal transduction. Here, the structure-function relationships for cellular transformation by the EGF receptor proto-oncogene are reviewed as well as data pertaining to its overexpression in human tumors.
An electrochemistry assisted approach for fast, low-cost and gram-scale synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2015)

Gram-scale mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared by a facile electrochemistry assisted sol–gel approach.
pH-Responsive Drug Release from Polymer-Coated Mesoporous Silica Spheres (2009)

A novel method was proposed to coat poly(methacrylic acid-co-vinyl triethoxylsilane) (PMV) on mesoporous silica spheres (MSSs) to obtain a core−shell pH-responsive drug-carrier (MSS/PMV). PMV was prepared by free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and vinyl triethoxylsilane (VTES), in which MAA acted as the pH-sensitive monomer and VTES acted as the siloxane-containing monomer to provide an anchoring effect with the MSS surface. The micrographs of MSSs before and after coating were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the PMV shell with a thickness of 20 nm had been coated successfully on MSS particles. To confirm the pH-sensitivity of the PMV shell, we investigated the pH-response difference between MSS/PMV and MSS/PMV-H (acidified MSS/PMV) in NH4NO3/C2H5OH solution. It was found that the PMV shell of MSS/PMV was loose (“open” state) and allowed template molecules to penetrate it easily. By contrast, the PMV shell of MSS/PMV-H was compact (“closed” state) and confined template molecules effectively inside MSS pores. These results indicated that the PMV shell played the role of molecular switch that could control the transport of molecules via a pH-dependent “open−close” mechanism. In a test of in vitro drug release, MSS/PMV showed high response to the pH of a drug solution. At high pH (pH = 7.5), ibuprofen (IBU) that loaded in MSS/PMV released rapidly and completely (within 2 h); at low pH (pH = 4.0 or 5.0), only a small part of the IBU (15 wt %) was slowly released from the MSS/PMV, and most of the IBU was effectively confined in MSS pores.
Differential dependence on target site tissue for gene gun and intramuscular DNA immunizations (1997)

Surgical ablations revealed different dependencies on the injection site tissue for i.m. needle and epidermal gene gun DNA immunizations. Excision of an injected muscle bundle within 10 min of DNA inoculation did not affect the magnitude or longevity of Ag-specific Ab responses. By contrast, biopsy of the skin target site up to 24 h after gene gun bombardment completely abrogated the Ab response in the majority of mice. The form of a DNA-expressed Ag (membrane bound, secreted, or intracellular) did not affect the temporal requirements for the skin and muscle target sites. Skin cells, but not muscle cells, were also required for DNA-induced CTL. We conclude that transfected cells in gene gun-bombarded skin, but not needle-injected muscle, play a central role in DNA-initiated Ab and CTL responses.
Sequencing, mutational analysis, and transcriptional regulation of the Escherichia coli htrB gene (1991)

The Escherichia coli htrB gene was originally discovered because its insertional inactivation led to an exquisitely temperature-sensitive phenotype in rich media, i.e. the ability to form colonies at temperatures below 32 degrees C, but not above 33 degrees C. The htrB gene has been sequenced. It can potentially code for two proteins, with Mr values of 35,407 Da and 8669 Da, that are encoded by overlapping, divergent open reading frames. Our data are consistent with the 35,407 Da protein being HtrB. Northern blot analysis clearly shows that the monocistronic htrB message is not under heat-shock regulation. We have also sequenced the flanking DNA and have discovered a new gene, designated orf39.9, located immediately adjacent to htrB, but divergently transcribed.