gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte proliferation by colony-stimulating factor-1 (1990)

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1 or M-CSF) regulates pleiotropic developmental and functional responses of macrophages and their committed bone marrow progenitors and supports the viability of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Its actions are mediated through its binding to cell surface CSF-1 receptors (CSF-1R) that exhibit ligand-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity. CSF-1R-induced phosphorylation of intracellular protein substrates initiates a cascade of biochemical reactions that relay signals to the cell nucleus, elicit transcription of CSF-1-responsive genes and culminate in cell division. The actions of the CSF-1R kinase can be interrupted by binding of certain monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of the receptor or by agents which activate protein kinase C and accelerate receptor turnover. CSF-1R is encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene, and specific genetic alterations, which constitutively activate the receptor kinase, provide sustained signals for cell growth leading to cell transformation. Perturbations in the structure or expression of the c-fms proto-oncogene might therefore contribute to leukemia.
LCR/MEL: A versatile system for high-level expression of heterologous proteins in erythroid cells (1992)

We have used the human globin locus control region (LCR) to assemble an expression system capable of high-level, integration position-independent expression of heterologous genes and cDNAs in murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells. The cDNAs are inserted between the human beta-globin promoter and the second intron of the human beta-globin gene, and this expression cassette is then placed downstream of the LCR and transfected into MEL cells. The cDNAs are expressed at levels similar to those of the murine beta-globin in the induced MEL cells. Heterologous genomic sequences can also be expressed at similar levels when linked to to the LCR and beta-globin promoter. In addition we demonstrate that, after induction of differentiation, MEL cells are capable of secreting heterologous proteins over a prolonged time period, making this system suitable for use in continuous production systems such as hollow fibre bioreactors. The utility of the LCR/MEL cell system is demonstrated by the expression of growth hormone at high levels (greater than 100 mg/l) 7 days after induction. Since the expression levels seen do not depend upon gene amplification and are independent of the integration position of the expression cassette, it is possible to obtain clones with stable high-level expression within 3-4 weeks after transfection.
Passive immunization with antibodies against iron-regulated outer membrane proteins protects turkeys from Escherichia coli septicemia (1987)

Escherichia coli septicemia is a common disease of young poultry and several species of mammals. Rabbit antiserum was prepared against iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of E. coli. Eighteen-day-old turkeys were passively immunized with antiserum and challenged by air sac inoculation of 1 X 10(6) to 2 X 10(6) CFU of E. coli O78:K80:H9. Turkeys injected with normal rabbit serum or saline solution before challenge served as controls. Fatalities (8 of 51 turkeys inoculated) occurred only in groups given saline solution or normal rabbit serum. The remaining turkeys were necropsied 96 h after challenge. Passive immunization with antiserum significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the frequency of bacteremia at 96 h after challenge, the frequency of recovery of E. coli from air sacs, and the severity of gross lesions in inoculated birds as compared with birds given normal rabbit serum or saline solution.
Using high titer West Nile intravenous immunoglobulin from selected Israeli donors for treatment of West Nile virus infection (2009)

IVIG produced from selected plasma donated in WNV endemic regions can be used to produce WNV IVIG with superior activity for therapeutic and prophylactic measures.
An Infestation of 2,055 Brown Recluse Spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae) and No Envenomations in a Kansas Home: Implications for Bite Diagnoses in Nonendemic Areas (2002)

During a 6-mo period, 2,055 brown recluse spiders, Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch and Mulaik, were collected in a 19th-century-built, currently occupied home in Lenexa, KS. We conservatively estimate that at least 400 of these spiders were large enough to cause envenomation. Additional collections from more typically infested homes in Missouri and Oklahoma in 2001 yielded 45 and 30 brown recluse spiders, respectively. Despite these infestations, no envenomations of the inhabitants of these three homes occurred. Considering the levels of infestations with no bites in the homes presented here, nonendemic areas in the United States, which typically lack recluse spider populations and have had zero to few verified specimens of the spider, do not have sufficient numbers of brown recluse spiders to make envenomation a likely scenario. Despite this, physicians from nonendemic recluse areas often diagnose brown recluse bites which, therefore, are unlikely to be correct.
Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem. (1990)

The global problem of acute pesticide poisoning has been confirmed as extensive by a variety of independent estimates. Further, it is also recognized to be a problem confined to the developing countries. Most estimates concerning the extent of acute pesticide poisoning have been based on data from hospital admissions which would include only the more serious cases. The latest estimate by a WHO task group indicates that there may be 1 million serious unintentional poisonings each year and in addition 2 million people hospitalized for suicide attempts with pesticides. This necessarily reflects only a fraction of the real problem. On the basis of a survey of self-reported minor poisoning carried out in the Asian region, it is estimated that there could be as many as 25 million agricultural workers in the developing world suffering an episode of poisoning each year. This article emphasizes the need to control the problem on a collaborative basis by all concerned, including national governments, agrochemical industries, international agencies, scientists and victims.
Effects of Sertraline and Fluoxetine on P-Glycoprotein at Barrier Sites: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches (2013)

Acute sertraline administration can modulate P-gp activity in the blood-brain barrier and blood-testes barrier. This clearly has implications for the ability of therapeutic agents that are P-gp substrates, to enter the brain when co-administered with SSRI.
Inactivation of viruses in labile blood derivatives. II. Physical methods (1985)

The thermal inactivation of viruses in labile blood derivatives was evaluated by addition of marker viruses (VSV, Sindbis, Sendai, EMC) to anti‐hemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates. The rate of virus inactivation at 60 degrees C was decreased by at least 100‐ to 700‐fold by inclusion of 2.75 M glycine and 50 percent sucrose, or 3.0 M potassium citrate, additives which contribute to retention of protein biologic activity. Nonetheless, at least 10(4) infectious units of each virus was inactivated within 10 hours. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 70 or 80 degrees C caused a 90 percent or greater loss in AHF activity. An even greater decline in the rate of virus inactivation was observed on heating AHF in the lyophilized state, although no loss in AHF activity was observed after 72 hours of heating at 60 degrees C. Several of the proteins present in lyophilized AHF concentrates displayed an altered electrophoretic mobility as a result of exposure to 60 degrees C for 24 hours. Exposure to lyophilized AHF to irradiation from a cobalt 60 source resulted in an acceptable yield of AHF at 1.0, but not at 2.0, megarads. At 1 megarad, greater than or equal to 6.0 logs of VSV and 3.3 logs of Sindbis virus were inactivated.
Targeted down-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes for forage quality improvement in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) (2005)

Improving the digestibility of forages provides a means to enhance animal performance and protect the environment against excessive animal waste. Increased lignin content during maturity, and corresponding changes in lignin composition, correlate with decreased digestibility of forages. These relationships have yet to be investigated in isogenic systems. By targeting three specific cytochrome P450 enzymes of the lignin pathway for antisense down-regulation, we generated transgenic alfalfa lines with a range of differences in lignin content and composition. There was a strong negative relationship between lignin content and rumen digestibility, but no relationship between lignin composition and digestibility, in these transgenic lines. Models for genetic manipulation of forage digestibility based on the changes in lignin composition that increase paper-pulping efficiency in trees are therefore invalid. Down-regulation of 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase provided the largest improvements in digestibility yet seen in a forage crop.
A 24-month Clinical Study of the Incidence and Progression of Dental Caries in Relation to Consumption of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol in School Preventive Programs (1990)

The effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on the incidence and progression of dental caries was tested in a sample of 274 children, aged eight and nine years, of low socio-economic status and high caries rate. They were divided into two experimental groups (15% and 65% xylitol chewing gum distributed three times a day at school) and one control group (without chewing gum). The three groups were exposed to the same basic preventive program. Children who chewed gum had a significantly lower net progression of decay (progressions-reversals) over a 24-month period than did the controls. Results for the two groups chewing gum were similar. Chewing xylitol gum had a beneficial effect on the caries process for all types of tooth surfaces, and especially for bucco-lingual surfaces. The two experimental groups had a DMF(S) increment of 2.24 surfaces, compared with 6.06 surfaces for the control group. For this indicator, there was no difference between the two experimental groups. Results for the plaque index were in agreement with those of the DMF(S) increment and the net progression of decay.
Antioxidant therapy attenuates aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. (1999)

Aminoglycosides have been a mainstay in antibacterial therapy for over 50 years. Worldwide today, they are the most commonly used antibiotics because of high efficacy and low cost. However, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are two major side effects. Prevention of these side effects has been attempted for several decades, but no clinical treatment has yet been realized. A therapeutic approach based on a novel hypothesis of the toxic mechanism of aminoglycosides is proposed. Aminoglycosides chelate iron, and the resulting iron-aminoglycoside complex is redox-active, catalyzing the formation of free radicals. The prevention of ototoxicity with antioxidants and iron chelators has been successfully demonstrated in guinea pigs. Both hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction induced by several aminoglycosides were significantly attenuated without compromising the antibacterial efficacy of the drugs. This finding may lead to a safe and effective way to eliminate the threat of ototoxicity of this commonly used class of antibiotics.
In situ identification of human physiological fluids by nuclear magnetism in the Earth’s field (1980)

Abstract To make in situ identification of human physiological fluids by nuclear magnetism, we use the well known technique of free precession of water protons in the magnetic field of the Earth after prepolarization in a perpendicular (Hp) field (Packard &amp; Varian 1954). The central part of the apparatus is the coil used for generating the polarizing field (maximum values 50- 100 Oe (3979-7958 A m-1)) and detecting the free precession of nuclei. To make in situ measurements, the coil is placed against the corresponding part of the body; thus, to pick up signals from blood in the region of the heart, the coil is placed on the anterior part of the thorax; to detect urine in the bladder, the coil is placed against the ventral part of the low abdomen (Béné et al. 1977).
Promoting Empathy Through the Dynamics of Staff Development: What Schools Can Offer Their Teachers as Learners (2002)

This is a revised version of a paper presented at the International Conference on Empathy, Experience and Spirituality, June 2001, Roehampton University of Surrey. Based on the presenter’s substantial experience of collaborative support work with teachers in Britain and overseas, the paper was stimulated by Ron Best’s argument in Pastoral Care in Education 18 (2000), on the nurturing of empathy through ‘the experience schools provide for children’, and highlights the opportunities for such provision for teachers’ own experiences in the educational setting.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of lysyl oxidase expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: Effects of TGF-β1 and serum deprivation (1997)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) markedly reduced cell proliferation and elevated steady state lysyl oxidase (LO) mRNA 3-fold in neonatal rat aorta smooth muscle cells cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The increase in LO mRNA was prevented by the presence of cycloheximide, indicative of controlling events at the level of protein synthesis. The basal level of mRNA in cells proliferating in 10% fetal bovine serum in the absence of TGF-beta 1 was enhanced 7-fold upon decreasing growth by shifting to medium containing 0.5% serum. Changes in LO activity paralleled those in LO mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that the stimulation of expression in 0.5% serum involved increased gene transcription whereas that caused by TGF-beta 1 was mostly post-transcriptional in origin. LO mRNA was quite labile (t1/2 approximately 3 h) in 10% serum but was markedly stabilized (t1/2 > 12 h) by the presence of TGF-beta 1 in the 10% serum medium. LO mRNA was also considerably more stable under retarded growth conditions (0.5% serum) in the absence of TGF-beta 1. LO promoter activity in luciferase reporter constructs transfected into these cells was low and not significantly affected by the addition of TGF-beta 1 to the 10% serum medium but was markedly elevated by shifting from 10 to 0.5% serum in the absence of TGF-beta 1. Thus, LO expression is inversely correlated with cell proliferation, and is subject to control at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. TGF-beta 1 enhances LO expression in these cells by dramatically stabilizing LO mRNA.
Conformational Changes of the Insulin Receptor upon Insulin Binding and Activation As Monitored by Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1997)

We have characterized the changes in intrinsic fluorescence that the insulin receptor undergoes upon ligand binding and autophosphorylation. The binding of insulin to its receptor results in an increase in the receptor's fluorescence intensity, emission energy and anisotropy. We monitored the time course of the anisotropy change, and these data, coupled with studies monitoring the energy transfer from insulin receptor tryptophan donors to a fluorescent-labeled insulin, allowed us to conclude that the change in anisotropy is due to a conformational change in the receptor induced by hormone binding. Since insulin association is very fast, the time course also allowed us to estimate the slower rate of formation of this conformationally-altered state. The time course of receptor autophosphorylation was measured under similar conditions and was found to be similar to the ligand-induced anisotropy time course. The simultaneous use of two fluorescent-labeled insulin analogs also allowed us to assess the maximum distance between the two hormones bound to the receptor. Addition of ATP produces a large, seemingly instantaneous increase in anisotropy. Our observation that ATP binds to the insulin receptor in the presence and absence of insulin supports the idea that the conformational change produced by insulin binding increases the rate of autophosphorylation rather than increases ATP affinity. A suggested model for these changes is presented.
The measurement of fibrinogen in population-based research. Studies on instrumentation and methodology. (1994)

Plasma fibrinogen concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has become a common component of epidemiologic studies. Also, fibrinogen analysis has become an important component of clinical trials of thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation. We studied fibrinogen values from plasma containing three different anticoagulants and compared two different instruments. Clot-rate assays were performed on plasma containing sodium citrate (the recommended specimen) as well as ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA plus D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) and aprotinin (special anticoagulant), specimens often obtained in multicenter studies. We compared a fibrometer (the BBL) with an analyzer (the Diagnostica Stago ST4), which offers improved throughput, ease of use, and precision. The correlation of citrate and EDTA fibrinogen values (fibrometer) was r = .9718; for citrate and special anticoagulant plasma, r = .9717. Correlations of fibrinogen values from the fibrometer and the analyzer were r = .9558 and r = .9857 for citrate samples and special anticoagulant samples, respectively. We conclude that (1) fibrinogen may be measured by clot-rate assay in EDTA-containing samples and that values may be compared with values obtained from citrate plasma with a correction; (2) samples containing PPACK may be used with only slight modification of the method; and (3) values obtained on the analyzer are directly comparable with those obtained on the fibrometer, facilitating large studies.
Spontaneous metastasis of PC‐3 cells in athymic mice after implantation in orthotopic or ectopic microenvironments (1995)

The ability of subcutaneous, prostatic, and nonprostatic intraabdominal organ microenvironments to influence local tumor growth and metastasis of PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells in athymic mice was determined. Tumorigenesis and metastasis of PC-3 were evaluated 60 days after subcutaneous and intraprostatic (orthotopic) implantation of 5 x 10(5) PC-3 cells in 6-week-old, male athymic mice. Intraprostatic implantation of PC-3 cells resulted in paraaortic lymph node metastases in 10 of 10 (100%) mice with prostatic tumors, whereas metastases were present in only 2 of 9 (22%) mice after subcutaneous implantation. Next, we determined whether the urinary bladder (nonprostatic, urogenital microenvironment) or stomach (nonurogenital, intraabdominal microenvironment) would facilitate the metastasis of PC-3 cells in athymic mice. Tumorigenesis and metastasis were 100% after subserosal implantation of PC-3 cells within the wall of the urinary bladder (n = 6 mice). Subserosal implantation of PC-3 cells into the stomach wall (n = 7 mice) also resulted in tumor formation and metastasis to regional lymph nodes in 100% of mice. In all experiments, regional lymph nodes were the most frequent site of metastasis, regardless of implantation site. We conclude that tumor microenvironment factors responsible for the metastasis of PC-3 cells in athymic mice may not be organ-specific, since nonprostatic visceral microenvironments are sufficient for predictable metastasis. Use of these models may further our understanding of how tumor microenvironment modulates expression of the metastatic phenotype by human prostate carcinoma cells.
Prevention of Coronary Restenosis (1999)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was introduced 22 years ago as a nonsurgical catheter-based treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease. Over the following 2 decades, major advances in equipment and techniques led to tremendous growth in the use of PTCA to treat coronary artery disease and angina. Restenosis persists as the limiting factor in the maintenance of vessel patency after PTCA, occurring in 30% to 50% of patients and accounting for significant morbidity and health care expenditures. Plaque persistence and vessel recoil, thrombus formation, constrictive remodeling, and neointimal proliferation are the primary contributors to the development of restenosis after PTCA. Early clinical trials in restenosis prevention using various revascularization devices, antiplatelet drugs, antithrombotic drugs, and antiinflammatory drugs were uniformly negative. Coronary stents are the only devices that have shown a reduction in the incidence of restenosis. Recently, novel therapies, such as intracoronary radiation, antioxidant drugs, and platelet-derived growth factor antagonists, have shown reductions in the incidence of restenosis in small randomized trials. This review focuses on the etiology and pathophysiology of restenosis and discusses current and future therapies that may reduce the incidence of restenosis.
Architecting personalized delivery of multimedia information (1992)

Shoshana Loeb information filters are essential mediators between information sources and their users. In most cases, both the information sources and the information users possess no mutual knowledge that can guide them in finding the information most relevant for the users' momentary and long-term needs. Filters, which are positioned logically as "third parties" to the communication between users and sources, should possess both the knowledge and the functionality to examine the information in the sources and to forward the information "they judge" as relevant to individual users.
Primary structures of MCP-1 and MCP-2, natural peptide antibiotics of rabbit lung macrophages. (1983)

The microbicidal peptides, MCP-1 and MCP-2, of rabbit alveolar macrophages were purified by an improved procedure that employed preparative gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. The peptides were arginine- and cystine-rich and lacked free sulfhydryl groups and detectable levels of carbohydrate. Complete sequence determinations revealed that MCP-1 differed from MCP-2 only by the substitution of arginine for leucine at residue 13 from the NH2 terminus and that the molecules were each single chain polypeptides of 33 amino acid residues containing three intramolecular disulfide bonds. The complete amino acid sequences of MCP-1 and MCP-2 are: (sequence in text)
A randomized trial of varenicline (Chantix) for the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (2012)

This study provides Class II evidence that varenicline improved the axial functions of gait, stance, and timed 25-foot walk but did not improve appendicular function, except for rapid alternating movements, in adult patients with genetically confirmed SCA3.
Locomotion techniques for robotic colonoscopy (2006)

Colonoscopy has become a routine procedure in many hospitals all over the world for colon cancer diagnosis. This review article discusses the work done by researchers in the quest to automate the colonoscopy procedure. In vitro and in vivo experimentation have been carried out to prove the possibilities of a robot crawling along a patient's colon, treating polyps as they are encountered. Locomotion is an essential part of robotic colonoscopy. The robot must be able to propel itself from the anus right up to the cecum without damaging the colon walls. The challenge is to design a robust locomotion technique that is able to advance through the stretchable, slippery, and mobile colon, which is always in its collapsed stage, in three-dimensional orientation. The authors believe that in the future, conventional colonoscopy will be revolutionized, giving way to robotics to assist doctors in colonoscope manipulation and performing therapeutic procedures and leaving doctors to concentrate on the diagnostic aspect of the procedure, which would encourage mass screening as more patients can be evaluated per session.