gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future Directions (1990)

Prosthetic meniscal replacement offers the ability to stabilize the meniscectomized knee and provide prophylaxis against early degenerative arthritis. Since prosthetic meniscal replacement may be performed in the setting of normal articular cartilage, a prosthesis will be required to match the exact joint configuration, induce the same lubricity, produce the same coefficient of friction, and absorb and dampen the same joint forces (without incurring significant creep or abrasion) as does the normal meniscus. This feat is currently beyond the capabilities of artificial materials alone. Alternatively, collagen-based prostheses acting as resorbable regeneration templates offer the possibility of inducing regrowth of new menisci. This paper presents a summary of hypotheses, considerations, and laboratory evidence for the use of collagen-based, resorbable matrices as regeneration templates.
Quantitative proteomic profiling of pancreatic cancer juice (2006)

Pancreatic juice is an exceptionally rich source of cancer-specific proteins shed from cancerous ductal cells into the pancreatic juice. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the proteins specific to pancreatic cancer juice has not previously been reported. We used isotope-code affinity tag (ICAT) technology and MS/MS to perform quantitative protein profiling of pancreatic juice from pancreatic cancer patients and normal controls. ICAT technology coupled with MS/MS allows the systematic study of the proteome and measures the protein abundance in pancreatic juice with the potential for development of biomarkers. A total of 105 proteins were identified and quantified in the pancreatic juice from a pancreatic cancer patient, of which 30 proteins showed abundance changes of at least twofold in pancreatic cancer juice compared to normal controls. Many of these proteins have been externally validated. This is the first comprehensive study of the pancreatic juice proteome by quantitative global protein profiling, and the study reveals numerous proteins that are shown for the first time to be associated with pancreatic cancer, providing candidates for diagnostic biomarkers. One of the identified proteins, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 was further validated by Western blotting to be elevated in pancreatic cancer juice and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissue.
Lipid, Sugar and Liposaccharide Based Delivery Systems 2 (2004)

The vast majority of biologically active compounds will never be considered as potential drugs due to inherently poor bioavailability. This review discusses the progress in the development of chemical systems to improve the metabolic stability, absorption and physicochemical properties of potential drugs. Delivery systems that involve the conjugation of lipid and / or sugar moieties are highlighted, as well as novel methods of conjugation of these groups to drugs. The use of sugar molecules to target drugs to particular organs or cells is also discussed, as is the use of lipids in the growing area of gene delivery. This is an update of a previous review [1]. Keywords: lipid, sugar, liposaccharide, drug delivery
Antigenic structure of gamma-E-globulin and reaginic antibody. (1967)

Summary Both κ and λ-chain antigenic determinants were detected in γE-globulin by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. In addition, γE-globulin has antigenic determinants which are lacking in other immunoglobulins of the four known classes, i.e., γG, γA, γM and γD as well as in γA- and γG-subclasses. The protein did not contain the major antigenic determinants of the four known classes of immunoglobulins. The results indicate that γE-globulin represents a distinct class of immunoglobulin. Reaginic activity in atopic patients9 sera was precipitated by anti-γE-antibody but not by either γM-anti-γM-antibody complexes or γG-antibody complexes containing γG 2 -, γG 3 - and γG 4 -globulins. The distribution of reaginic activity in chromatographic fractions did not parallel that of γG 2 - or γG 3 -globulin. Passive sensitization of human skin with reaginic antibody was not blocked by any of the myeloma proteins of known classes or subclasses, whereas a fraction containing γE-globulin had blocking activity. The results indicate that reaginic antibody activity is associated with γE-globulin.
A micromachined silicon depth probe for multichannel neural recording (2000)

A process of making a new type of silicon depth-probe microelectrode array is described using a combination of plasma and wet etch. The plasma etch, which is done using a low temperature oxide (LTO) mask, enables probe thickness to be controlled over a range from 5 to 90 mu. Bending tests show that the probe's mechanical strength depends largely on shank thickness. More force can be applied to thicker shanks while thinner shanks are more flexible. One can then choose a thickness and corresponding mechanical strength using the process developed. The entire probe shaping process is performed only at low temperature, and thus is consistent with the standard CMOS fabrication. Using the probe in recording from rat's somatosensory cortex, we obtained four channel simultaneous recordings which showed clear independence among channels with a signal-to-noise ratio performance comparable with that obtained using other devices.
Battery Health-Conscious Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Grid Demand Prediction (2010)

This paper examines the problem of predicting the aggregate grid load imposed by battery health-conscious plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging. The paper begins by generating a set of representative daily PHEV trips using the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and a set of federal and real-world drive cycles. Each trip is then used in a multiobjective genetic optimizer, along with a PHEV model and a battery degradation model, to simultaneously minimize PHEV energy cost and battery degradation. The optimization variables include the parameters of the PHEV charge pattern, defined as the timing and rate with which the PHEV receives electricity from the grid. For several weightings of the optimization objectives, total PHEV power demand is predicted by accumulating the charge patterns for individual PHEVs. Two charging scenarios, i.e., charging at home only versus charging at home and work, are examined. Results indicate that the main PHEV peak load occurs early in the morning (between 5.00–6.00a.m.), with approximately 45%–60% of vehicles simultaneously charging from the grid. Moreover, charging at work creates additional peaks in this load pattern.
A joint learning framework for attribute models and object descriptions (2011)

We present a new approach to learning attribute-based descriptions of objects. Unlike earlier works, we do not assume that the descriptions are hand-labeled. Instead, our approach jointly learns both the attribute classifiers and the descriptions from data. By incorporating class information into the attribute classifier learning, we get an attribute-level representation that generalizes well to both unseen examples of known classes and unseen classes. We consider two different settings, one with unlabeled images available for learning, and another without. The former corresponds to a novel transductive setting where the unlabeled images can come from new classes. Results from Animals with Attributes and a-Yahoo, a-Pascal benchmark datasets show that the learned representations give similar or even better accuracy than the hand-labeled descriptions.
Defining HIV and SIV Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues (2016)

A primary obstacle to an HIV-1 cure is long-lived viral reservoirs, which must be eliminated or greatly reduced. Cure strategies have largely focused on monitoring changes in T cell reservoirs in peripheral blood (PB), even though the lymphoid tissues (LT) are primary sites for viral persistence. To track and discriminate viral reservoirs within tissue compartments we developed a specific and sensitive next-generation <i>in situ</i> hybridization approach to detect vRNA, including vRNA+ cells and viral particles ("RNAscope"), vDNA+ cells ("DNAscope") and combined vRNA and vDNA with immunohistochemistry to detect and phenotype active and latently infected cells in the same tissue section. RNAscope is highly sensitive with greater speed of analysis compared to traditional <i>in situ</i> hybridization. The highly sensitive and specific DNAscope detected SIV/HIV vDNA+ cells, including duplexed detection of vDNA and vRNA or immunophenotypic markers in the same section. Analysis of LT samples from macaques prior to and during combination antiretroviral therapy demonstrated that B cell follicles are an important anatomical compartment for both latent and active viral persistence during treatment. These new tools should allow new insights into viral reservoir biology and evaluation of cure strategies.
Thermal stability and scalability of Zr-aluminate-based high-k gate stacks (2003)

It is demonstrated that a narrow composition range exists in the ZrAl/sub x/O/sub y/ mixed oxide system between 25 and 50 mol% Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, where the crystallization temperature exceeds 950/spl deg/C and at the same time the k-values remain larger than 12. In this composition range, enhanced thermal stability for better integration of the ZrAl/sub x/O/sub y/ gate dielectric in a conventional poly-Si device process is observed. It is also shown that thin interfacial oxides strongly enhance the electrical stability while allowing for thickness scaling down to /spl sim/1 nm, providing gate leakage current reductions of two to three orders of magnitude.
Proportion of peripheral blood and decidual CD4+ CD25bright regulatory T cells in pre-eclampsia (2007)

CD4(+) CD25(bright) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells have been identified as a principle regulator of tolerance during pregnancy. In the setting of pre-eclampsia, however, little is known about the dynamics of these cells. In the current study, we determined CD4(+) CD25(bright) T(reg) cells in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3(+)) cells at the placental bed using immunohistochemical staining. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 38 pre-eclamptic cases (17 cases Japanese, 21 cases Polish), 40 normal late pregnancy subjects (20 subjects Japanese, 20 subjects Polish), and 21 non-pregnant healthy controls (10 subjects Japanese, 11 subjects Polish) were included. We found the percentage of CD25(bright) cells within the CD4(+) T cell population in PBMC was reduced significantly in both Japanese and Polish pre-eclamptic cases than in normal pregnancy subjects (P < 0.001) and non-pregnant healthy controls (P < 0.001). Also, the percentage of FoxP3(+) cells within CD3(+) T cells in the placental bed biopsy samples of pre-eclamptic cases were decreased compared to those in normal pregnancy subjects. These findings suggest that a decreased number of T(reg) cells was present in pre-eclampsia, and these changes might break the maternal tolerance to the fetus.
Use of a Novel Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Major-Epitope Chimeric Polypeptide for Diagnosis of HCV Infection (1999)

The genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) consists of seven functional regions: the core, E1, E2/NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed 2.0G immunoassay for the detection of anti-HCV uses proteins from the core, NS3, and NS4 regions (McHutchinson et al., Hepatology 15:19-25, 1992). The 3.0G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay includes the protein from the NS5 region (Uyttendaele et al., Vox Sang. 66:122-129, 1994). The necessity of detecting antibodies to viral envelope proteins (E1 and E2) and to different genotype samples has been demonstrated previously (Chien et al., Lancet 342:933, 1993; Lok et al., Hepatology 18:497-502, 1993). In this study we have attempted to improve the sensitivity of the anti-HCV assay by developing a single multiple-epitope fusion antigen (MEFA; MEFA-6) which incorporates all of the major immunodominant epitopes from the seven functional regions of the HCV genome. A nucleic acid sequence consisting of proteins from the viral core, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions and different subtype-specific regions of the NS4 region was constructed, cloned, and expressed in yeast. The epitopes present on this antigen can be detected by epitope-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In a competition assay, the MEFA-6 protein competed with 83 to 96% of genotype-specific antibodies from HCV genotype-specific peptides. This recombinant antigen was subsequently used to design an anti-HCV chemiluminescent immunoassay. We designed our assay using a monoclonal anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody bound to the solid phase. Because MEFA-6 is fused with human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD), we used an anti-human superoxide dismutase, dimethyl acridinium ester-labeled monoclonal antibody for detection. Our results indicate that MEFA-6 exposes all of the major immunogenic epitopes. Its excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clinical seroconversion are demonstrated by this assay.
Endogenous neuropeptide Y mediates vasoconstriction during endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock (1998)

Neuropeptide Y (1-36), NPY, is a sympathetic vasoconstrictor whose activities in blood vessels is determined by the presence of vasoconstrictive Y1 receptors and the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which converts NPY to non-vasoconstrictive peptides. While the role of the NPY system has been established during cold water stress, its role in hypotensive conditions has not; yet, exogenous NPY improves hemodynamics and survival in rats with endotoxic shock. We used a new selective non-peptidergic Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP-3226, to determine the role of the endogenous NPY/Y1 system in endotoxic shock (induced by i.v. injection of 10 mg/kg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 0127:B8, LPS) and hemorrhagic shock (bleeding of 15 ml/kg over 1.5 min). Conscious rats received a bolus of BIBP-3226 or the vehicle 5 min before endotoxin challenge or induction of hemorrhage, followed by continuous infusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 5 min after LPS administration dropped in the control group by 15%, compared to 36% in the BIBP-3226-treated group (p < 0.01). Similarly, the hemorrhage-induced drop in MAP in the control group was 32% at 5 min, compared to 53% in the BIBP-treated rats (p < 0.01). Plasma NPY levels were unchanged in the endotoxic shock group, but were significantly elevated in the hemorrhagic shock group. BIBP-3226 pretreatment abrogated the increased plasma NPY levels after hemorrhagic shock. Endogenous NPY contributes to blood pressure recovery during endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock.
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia (2011)

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the major genetic modulator of the hematologic and clinical features of sickle cell disease, an effect mediated by its exclusion from the sickle hemoglobin polymer. Fetal hemoglobin genes are genetically regulated, and the level of HbF and its distribution among sickle erythrocytes is highly variable. Some patients with sickle cell disease have exceptionally high levels of HbF that are associated with the Senegal and Saudi-Indian haplotype of the HBB-like gene cluster; some patients with different haplotypes can have similarly high HbF. In these patients, high HbF is associated with generally milder but not asymptomatic disease. Studying these persons might provide additional insights into HbF gene regulation. HbF appears to benefit some complications of disease more than others. This might be related to the premature destruction of erythrocytes that do not contain HbF, even though the total HbF concentration is high. Recent insights into HbF regulation have spurred new efforts to induce high HbF levels in sickle cell disease beyond those achievable with the current limited repertory of HbF inducers.
N-Acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide, GM3-NeuAc, a new influenza A virus receptor which mediates the adsorption-fusion process of viral infection. Binding specificity of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) to membrane-associated GM3 with different molecular species of sialic acid. (1985)

Agglutinates of native chicken erythrocytes caused by influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) at 4 degrees C were potently fused and lysed at low pH (optimum pH 5.3) at 37 degrees C. Exogenous gangliosides GM3 (Sia alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-ceramide) and GM2 (GalNAc beta 1-4(Sia alpha 2-3)-Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-ceramide) were integrated into the membranes of chicken asialoerythrocytes within 5-min incubation at 37 degrees C. We found that the incorporation of ganglioside GM3 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid into asialoerythrocytes restored the biological responsiveness to the virus as established by agglutination at 4 degrees C and fusion and hemolysis at 37 degrees C at pH 5.3. Biological responsiveness of GM3-NeuAc-erythrocytes to the virus was considerably higher than that of GM3-NeuGc-erythrocytes under the same experimental conditions. Treatment of the GM3-NeuAc-erythrocytes with neuraminidase again resulted in the complete abolishment of the response to the virus. Erythrocytes containing GM2-NeuAc showed no detectable biological responses toward the virus. The above results indicate that the hemagglutinin of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) recognizes the sialyloligosaccharide chain of ganglioside GM3 as its receptor which mediates the adsorption and fusion process on the virus entry into the host cells and has more preferential specificity for binding to N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing GM3 than that to N-glycolyl type in the target cell membranes.
Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000 (2002)

Reducing IFD in England and Wales means tackling campylobacter. Lowering mortality rates however also requires better control and prevention of salmonellas, Cl perfringens, L monocytogenes, and VTEC O157.
Three methods of implementing a picture archiving and communication system. (1992)

A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a system integration of many components, including radiologic image acquisition devices, computers, communication networks, image display workstations, and data base management systems. The author describes three general approaches to implementing a PACS. In the first approach, the department or institution acts as a systems integrator, designing and implementing the PACS. In the second approach, the PACS is planned on the basis of the department's operations and environment and then a manufacturer is contracted to design and build the system. The third approach is to purchase a turnkey system, with some modifications provided by the manufacturer for a specific clinical application. The author provides examples of each approach in the clinical environment and presents the disadvantages and advantages of each.
Novel epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody conjugated polyethyleneimine-capped gold nanoparticles for enhanced and targeted small interfering RNA delivery to retinoblastoma cells. (2013)

Thus, a novel antibody conjugated nanocarrier designed to deliver siRNA holds promise as an effective gene therapy strategy for retinoblastoma in the near future. In addition to serving as an siRNA delivery tool for therapy, gold nanoparticles can also serve as imaging modality in diagnosis.
Generalized stochastic spiking neuron model and extended spike response model in spatial-temporal pulse pattern detection task (2010)

A generalized model of spiking neuron is proposed as a non-stationary stochastic spike sequences processing unit. The generalized spiking neuron model is described with a conditional spike generation probability distribution and with a state evolution operator. An information theory language is used for the convenient neuron’s learning tasks description. The problem of spiking neuron learning with the teacher is solved using information entropy minimization algorithm. A particular implementation of generalized model using stochastic Spike Response Model with alpha-functions set is provided. A task of time delay maintenance between input and output spikes and a task of detecting of a spiking pattern in a noisy stream of pulse signals are considered using extended SRM neuron. It is shown that after the using of the proposed learning method spiking neuron became capable to detect a spatial-temporal pulse pattern and to serve as an adaptive delay unit.
Exploiting input cyclostationarity for blind channel identification in OFDM systems (1999)

Transmitter-induced cyclostationarity has been explored previously as an alternative to fractional sampling and antenna array methods for blind identification of FIR communication channels. An interesting application of these ideas is in OFDM systems, which induce cyclostationarity due to the cyclic prefix. We develop a novel subspace approach for blind channel identification using cyclic correlations at the OFDM receiver. Even channels with equispaced unit circle zeros are identifiable in the presence of any nonzero length cyclic prefix with adequate block length. Simulations of the proposed channel estimator along with its performance in OFDM systems combined with impulse response shortening and Reed-Solomon coding are presented.
U.S. Military Transformation and Experimentation Historical Perspectives, Prospects, and Prescription (2002)

Abstract : Despite the mandates of a rapidly changing world, the U,S military today is still dominated by Cold-war era weaponry, organizational hierarchies, doctrine, and planning based on the expectation of massive Soviet-style land warfare, Nevertheless, one thing is absolutely certain: a US. military transformation will occur. The real issues are when, how, and with what consequences. Two historical cases most dramatically represent successful responses to the WWI-WWII interwar challenge: German combined arms armored maneuver warfare (colloquially known as Blitzkrieg) and American aircraft carrier battle group operations. Despite their differing strategic perspectives, these two cases (widely studied but not exclusively and directly compared) share a striking number of significant common characteristics many of which were lacking in other militaries that failed, The critical common elements of these two institutions (the German Army and the U.S. Navy) form a blueprint or framework from which to evaluate current U.S. institutions, and ultimately a historic basis for recommendations for change.
Chitosan: Effect on Wound Healing in the Urogenital System (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Chitosan: Effect on Wound Healing in the Urogenital System Francis F. Bartone, and Edward D. Adickes Francis F. BartoneFrancis F. Bartone More articles by this author , and Edward D. AdickesEdward D. Adickes More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)76092-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Chitosan: Effect on Wound Healing in the Urogenital System." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 339A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 339A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Francis F. Bartone More articles by this author Edward D. Adickes More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...