gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete correction of the enzymatic defect of type I Gaucher disease fibroblasts by retroviral-mediated gene transfer. (1987)

Glucocerebrosidase cDNA and the neomycin-resistance gene (neo) were cloned into a retrovirus vector. Mouse fibroblasts infected with this vector expressed human glucocerebrosidase, which was readily distinguished from the mouse enzyme using mouse monoclonal anti-glucocerebrosidase antibodies. Cultured fibroblasts and transformed lymphoblasts from patients with type I Gaucher disease were infected with the retrovirus rescued from the mouse fibroblasts by a helper virus. Transformed cells were selected with the antibiotic G418. The enzyme activity of cells infected with virus containing glucocerebrosidase cDNA was restored to normal, while uninfected cells or cells infected with virus containing only the neo gene did not produce glucocerebrosidase.
Enzymatic Lactonization Stategy for Enantioselective Synthesis of a Tetrahydrolipstatin Synthon (1999)

A novel lipase-catalyzed protocol has been formulated for the simultaneous enantiocontrol of three stereogenic centers in a flexible acyclic system. This involved a porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL)-catalyzed delta-lactonization of a racemic 3,5-dihydroxy-2-alkyl ester to produce the lactone with high enantioselectivity (92.8%). The product lactone and its analogues are useful synthons for the asymmetric synthesis of various bioactive compounds, which include the potential anti-obesity compound, tetrahydrolipstatin.
Mutation analysis ofNTRK2 andNTRK3, encoding 2 tyrosine kinase receptors, in sporadic human medullary thyroid carcinoma reveals novel sequence variants (2001)

Somatic mutations in the proto-oncogene RET are found in 25% to 80% of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). The significance of somatic RET mutation in MTC initiation and progression, however, remains unknown. Like RET, TRK is a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase. Immunostaining has shown that only a subset of normal C cells expresses Trk family receptors, but in C-cell hyperplasia, they consistently express NTRK2, with variable expression of NTRK1 and NTRK3. In later stages of MTC, NTRK2 expression was reduced while NTRK3 expression was increased. In the context of these data, we sought to determine whether sequence variants in NTRK2 and NTRK3 are responsible for these differences in protein expression. We determined the genomic structure of NTRK2 and found that it consists of at least 17 exons varying in size from 36 to 306 bp. Mutation analysis of sporadic MTC did not reveal any sequence variants in NTRK2 but did reveal 3 variants in NTRK3, c.573C >T (N191N, exon 5), c.678T > C (N226N, exon 6) and c.1488C > G (A496A, exon 12) occurring among 19 chromosomes (31%), 1 chromosome (2%) and 24 chromosomes (39%), respectively. Corresponding germline also harbored these variants. There was a trend toward excess association of the NTRK3 variant c.1488C > G (A496A) in cases (24/62 chromosomes, 39%) compared to controls (18/62, 29%), but this difference did not reach significance (p > 0.05). The remaining 2 NTRK3 variants occurred with similar frequencies between MTC cases and population-matched controls (19 vs. 17 and 1 vs. 0, p > 0.05). We conclude that sequence variants in NTRK2 and NTRK3 are not likely to be responsible for large differences in expression at the protein level, but we cannot exclude very low penetrance effects.
Theoretical S-bend profile for optimization of optical waveguide radiation losses (1993)

High-density optical integrated circuits require curved waveguides with low radiation losses. The optimization of S-bend profiles that produce a minimum of pure bending losses is considered. The analytical profile that optimizes these losses in low-slope S-bends is presented, assuming an exponential representation for the bending losses per unit length. On the other hand, a numerical optimization procedure has been developed for curved waveguides with an arbitrary representation of the unitary bending losses. Some results are provided for LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides, including a comparison between the optimal profile and other usual S-bend profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lovastatin treatment decreases mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS of Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (2001)

Mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS and induction of inflammatory cytokines and iNOS in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been implicated in subsequent disease pathogenesis and progression. We report that Lovastatin treatment blocks the clinical disease and induction of inflammatory cytokines and iNOS in spinal cords of MBP induced EAE rats. A significant number of the infiltrating cells in CNS were ED1+ cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. To understand the mechanism of efficacy of Lovastatin against EAE, we examined the effect of Lovastatin on the transmigration of mononuclear cells into EAE spinal cord. The data presented here documents that Lovastatin treatment attenuates the transmigration of mononuclear cells possibly by down regulating the expression of LFA-1, a ligand for ICAM, in endothelial-leukocyte interaction. These results indicate that Lovastatin treatment prevents infiltration by mononuclear cells into the CNS of rats induced for EAE, thereby lessening the histological changes and clinical signs and thus ameliorating the disease. These observations indicate that Lovastatin treatment may be of therapeutic value against inflammatory disease process associated with infiltration of activated mononuclear cells into the tissue.
The myotonic dystrophy expanded CUG repeat tract is necessary but not sufficient to disrupt C2C12 myoblast differentiation (2001)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominant neuromuscular disorder caused by a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat expansion. Mutant DMPK 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) transcripts aggregate in nuclear foci and are thought to impose dominant-negative effects by interacting with RNA binding proteins. We demonstrated previously that the mutant 3'-UTR RNA disrupted C2C12 myoblast differentiation, and that the CUG expansion was necessary for this effect. Several proteins are known to interact with the CUG tract or the region 3' (distal) to it. Here, using a library of transfected C2C12 clones, we show that although transcripts containing a CUG expansion alone or a CUG expansion plus the distal region of the DMPK 3'-UTR accumulate into RNA foci, neither of these RNAs affect C2C12 myogenesis. Thus, RNA foci formation, and perturbation of any RNA binding factors involved in this process, are not sufficient to block myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, we found that transcripts containing expanded CUG tracts can form both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA foci, demonstrating that factors involved in foci formation are present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. RNA analysis of myogenic markers revealed that the mutant DMPK 3'-UTR mRNA does not affect myoblast determination factors MyoD or Myf5, but significantly impedes upregulation of the differentiation factors myogenin and p21. C2C12 provide a good model to study adult muscle regeneration. Our observations in this system may be relevant to the lack of a regenerative response to continued muscle wasting in DM, and point to defects in early events in the myogenic response to muscle damage.
WiSAP: a wireless personal access network for handheld computing devices (1998)

New short-range wireless communication technologies would enable environment-aware, mobile, personal area networks. These new technologies will serve as enablers for ubiquitous, low-cost, low-complexity, small-sized information appliances. These appliances will serve as interaction tools between humans and computer-driven services and applications existing in either the close or distant vicinity of humans. The new application paradigms these new technologies will enable are explored. Furthermore, an experimental wireless personal access networking platform called WiSAP, developed to research these new technologies and applications paradigms, is presented. Finally, some of the experiences gained from WiSAP while designing a consumer-oriented portable wireless communication system suitable for wireless mobile personal access networks are also presented.
Biological Esterification of Steroids* (1998)

I. Introduction A. Obfuscating chemistry and the presumptive steroid acetates B. Sterol esters: substrates for the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme II. Lipoidal Derivatives of Δ5-3β-Hydroxysteroids in the Adrenal and Ovary A. Endogenous steroid esters B. Biosynthetic esterification ofΔ 5-3β-hydroxy-steroids III. Lipoidal Derivatives of Steroids in Peripheral Tissues A. Esterification of steroid hormones B. Esterification of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroids C. Endogenous esters of sex steroids D. Androsterone esters in breast cyst fluid IV. Lipoidal Derivatives Synthesized by Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase A. Blood B. Ovarian follicular fluid V. Steroid Esterases VI. Lipoidal Derivatives of Steroid Hormones in Insects VII. Biological Effects of Steroid Esterification A. Potent sex steroids B. Unique actions of the steroid esters in blood VIII. Conclusion
Crystallographic Evidence That the Dinuclear Copper Center of Tyrosinase Is Flexible during Catalysis (2006)

At high resolution, we determined the crystal structures of copper-bound and metal-free tyrosinase in a complex with ORF378 designated as a "caddie" protein because it assists with transportation of two CuII ions into the tyrosinase catalytic center. These structures suggest that the caddie protein covers the hydrophobic molecular surface of tyrosinase and interferes with the binding of a substrate tyrosine to the catalytic site of tyrosinase. The caddie protein, which consists of one six-strandedbeta-sheet and one alpha-helix, has no similarity with all proteins deposited into the Protein Data Bank. Although tyrosinase and catechol oxidase are classified into the type 3 copper protein family, the latter enzyme lacks monooxygenase activity. The difference in catalytic activity is based on the structural observations that a large vacant space is present just above the active center of tyrosinase and that one of the six His ligands for the two copper ions is highly flexible. These structural characteristics of tyrosinase suggest that, in the reaction that catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of monophenol, one of the two Cu(II) ions is coordinated by the peroxide-originated oxygen bound to the substrate. Our crystallographic study shows evidence that the tyrosinase active center formed by dinuclear coppers is flexible during catalysis.
Applications of Laser induced Fluorescence in Dentistry (2011)

The laser-induced fluorescence can be used to detect and diagnose dental caries, calculus and bacterial 7 biofilms in dental applications. As such the molecular fluorescence phenomenon has been illustrated 8 scientifically and the literatures relating the fluorescence properties of dental tissues have been explored till the 9 literature reviews ultimately led up to the development of the current Laser Fluorescence (LF) devices. These 10 LF devices have been introduced clinically for dental caries, calculus and bacterial detection to replace 11 inaccurate contemporary detection tools. The future for LF technologies in diagnostic dentistry has been 12 indicated as accurate and potentially applicable in a wide range in restorative dentistry, periodontology and 13 endodontics.
Insulator-based dielectrophoresis of mitochondria (2014)

Isolated mitochondria display a wide range of sizes plausibly resulting from the coexistence of subpopulations, some of which may be associated with disease or aging. Strategies to separate subpopulations are needed to study the importance of these organelles in cellular functions. Here, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) was exploited to provide a new dimension of organelle separation. The dielectrophoretic properties of isolated Fischer 344 (F344) rat semimembranosus muscle mitochondria and C57BL/6 mouse hepatic mitochondria in low conductivity buffer (0.025-0.030 S/m) at physiological pH (7.2-7.4) were studied using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices. First, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) of 0-50 kHz with potentials of 0-3000 V applied over a channel length of 1 cm were separately employed to generate inhomogeneous electric fields and establish that mitochondria exhibit negative DEP (nDEP). DEP trapping potential thresholds at 0-50 kHz were also determined to be weakly dependent on applied frequency and were generally above 200 V. Second, we demonstrated a separation scheme using DC potentials <100 V to perform the first size-based iDEP sorting of mitochondria. Samples of isolated mitochondria with heterogeneous sizes (150 nm-2 μm diameters) were successfully separated into sub-micron fractions, indicating the ability to isolate mitochondria into populations based on their size.
Insulin Resistance and Its Potential Role in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (2003)

New-onset hypertension (which includes preeclampsia and gestational hypertension) is a common and morbid complication of pregnancy. Many features of the insulin resistance syndrome have been associated with this condition. These include hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, obesity, and lipid abnormalities. Other accompanying abnormalities may include elevated levels of leptin, TNFalpha, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and testosterone. The documentation of these features before the onset of hypertension in pregnancy suggests that insulin resistance or associated abnormalities may have a role in this disorder. Furthermore, the recognition that features of the insulin resistance syndrome persist many years after pregnancy among women with this condition raises the possibility that these women may have increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. These observations suggest that interventions to reduce insulin resistance may reduce the risk of both hypertension in pregnancy and later life cardiovascular complications, and warrant further study.
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) negatively regulates transcription of some thi genes of Salmonella typhimurium (1996)

In Salmonella typhimurium, thiamine is a required nutrient that is synthesized de novo. Labeling studies have demonstrated probable precursors for both the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate moiety and the 4-methyl-5-(beta-hydroxyethyl) thiazole monophosphate moiety. The isolation of thiamine auxotrophs with mutations in at least five different genetic loci is reported. The majority (22 of 25) of the mutants required only the thiazole moiety of thiamine to satisfy their growth requirement. Most (14 of 25) of the mutants were affected in the thi cluster at min 90 on the S. typhimurium genetic map. Data provided herein indicate that this cluster encodes an operon whose transcription is regulated by thiamine and suggest that thiamine pyrophosphate, or a molecule derived form it, is the effector molecule. Mutants with altered regulation of this operon were isolated, and we propose that they are defective in thiamine phosphate kinase, the product of the thiL gene.
Identification of GP100‐derived, melanoma‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte epitopes restricted by HLA‐A3 supertype molecules by primary in vitro immunization with peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells (1998)

The human melanocyte lineage-specific antigen gp100 contains several epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).However, most of the epitopes reported to date are HLA-A2.1-restricted.Despite the high frequency of HLA-A2.1 in melanoma patients, effective population coverage requires the identification of epitopes restricted by other frequent HLA alleles.Herein, HLA-A3 binding, gp100derived synthetic peptides were tested for their capacity to elicit anti-melanoma CTL in vitro using CD8 ؉ T cells from healthy donors as responders and peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells.Of 7 peptides tested, 2 (gp100[9 87 ] and gp100[10 86 ] ) induced CTLs that killed melanoma cell lines expressing HLA-A3 and gp100.Additional MHC-binding studies to various HLA molecules belonging to the HLA-A3 superfamily (HLA-A*1101, -A*3101, -A*3301 and -A*6801) were performed to determine whether these CTL epitopes could further increase potential population coverage.Further experiments indicated that the peptide gp100[9 87 ], which bound to HLA-A11 with high affinity, was capable of inducing specific CTLs that killed melanoma cells expressing gp100 and HLA-A11 molecules.Our results indicate that the gp100[9 87 ] peptide corresponds to a CTL epitope which may be restricted by either the HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 allele, emphasizing its utility for the design and development of epitope-based therapies for melanoma.
Power Amplifier Approaches for High Efficiency and Linearity (2001)

This chapter describes a series of novel concepts to increase microwave power amplifier efficiency. Within modern wireless systems, power amplifiers must meet exacting linearity specifica-tions, which tend to be at odds with the need for high efficiency. To characterize these specifications and associated trade-offs, the authors first review the linearity requirements and dynamic range requirements of representative high performance communication systems. They then demonstrate concepts for power amplifier improvement that can meet the system requirements.
Exosomes of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis (2017)

PlaMSC-exo enhanced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that exosomes play a role in the proangiogenic activity of PlaMSCs. PlaMSC-exo may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating ischemic diseases.
RNA-Binding Proteins: A Lesson in Repression (2006)

Regulation of protein expression in neurons by controlling not only when, but where, mRNAs are translated is likely to play an important role in neuronal function. In this review I focus on the mRNA-binding proteins that control mRNA translation in neurons and how they may participate in local, synaptodendritic protein synthesis.
Image Style Transfer Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Rendering the semantic content of an image in different styles is a difficult image processing task. Arguably, a major limiting factor for previous approaches has been the lack of image representations that explicitly represent semantic information and, thus, allow to separate image content from style. Here we use image representations derived from Convolutional Neural Networks optimised for object recognition, which make high level image information explicit. We introduce A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style that can separate and recombine the image content and style of natural images. The algorithm allows us to produce new images of high perceptual quality that combine the content of an arbitrary photograph with the appearance of numerous wellknown artworks. Our results provide new insights into the deep image representations learned by Convolutional Neural Networks and demonstrate their potential for high level image synthesis and manipulation.
Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand–Induced Apoptosis Is Inhibited by Bcl-2 but Restored by the Small Molecule Bcl-2 Inhibitor, HA 14-1, in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2004)

Bcl-2 confers apoptosis resistance to TRAIL by inhibiting a mitochondrial amplification step and by inactivating downstream XIAP in SW480 cells. HA14-1 reversed Bcl-2-mediated TRAIL resistance, suggesting a novel strategy for increasing TRAIL sensitivity in Bcl-2-overexpressing colon cancers.
Transforming growth factor-beta reverses a posttranscriptional defect in elastin synthesis in a cutis laxa skin fibroblast strain. (1995)

Skin fibroblasts from two cases of autosomal recessive cutis laxa (CL), having insignificant elastin production and mRNA levels, were challenged with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1). Elastin production was brought from undetectable values to amounts typical of normal human skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent fashion. Basic fibroblast growth factor (100 ng/ml) alone or in combination with TGF-beta 1 reduced elastin production and mRNA expression in CL skin fibroblasts more extensively than in normal cells. In situ hybridization showed that these effects were at the transcript level. One of the CL strains was examined in detail. Transcription rates for elastin were similar in normal and CL and unchanged by TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 (10 ng/ml), while in CL elastin mRNA half-life was increased > 10-fold by TGF-beta 2 and reduced 6-fold after TGF-beta 2 withdrawal, as compared with a control strain. Cycloheximide partially reversed elastin mRNA instability. These data are consistent with a defect in elastin mRNA stability that requires synthesis of labile factors or intact translational machinery, resulting in an extremely low steady state level of mRNA present in this strain of CL. Furthermore, TGF-beta can relieve elastin mRNA instability in at least one CL strain and elastin production defects in both CL strains.
Synthesis and Reactions of Tungsten Oxo Vinylalkylidene Complexes:  Reactions of WCl2(O)(PX3) (X = OMe, R) Precursors with 3,3-Diphenylcyclopropene (1996)

Complexes of the type WCl2(O)[PX3]3 (PX3 = P(OMe)3 (1); PMePh2 (2)) were synthesized according to procedures previously described in the literature. Upon treatment with 3,3-diphenylcyclopropene, complexes 1 and 2 afforded the corresponding η2-cyclopropene complexes. Spectroscopic data of W(η2-diphenylcyclopropene)Cl2(O)[PX3]2 (PX3 = P(OMe)3 (4); PMePh2 (5)) were consistent with an octahedral geometry in which the two mutually trans PX3 ligands and the cyclopropene ligand occupy equatorial positions cis to the apical oxo ligand. The thermal rearrangement of the η2-cyclopropene complexes leads to the dimerization product of 3,3-diphenylcyclopropene: 1,1,6,6-tetraphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The presence of carbene species before the dimerization occurs has been demonstrated. Upon treatment with 2 equiv of lithium hexafluoro-tert-butoxide, complexes 4 and 5 give the vinyl alkylidene complexes W(CHCHCPh2)(O)[OC(CH3)(CF3)2]2[PX3] (PX3 = P(OMe)3 (10); PMePh2 (7)). The spectroscopic data of 10 and 7 indicated a distorted trigonal bipyramid, where the oxo and alkylidene ligands are cis to each other and placed in the equatorial plane.
Radiolabeled chimeric anti-CEA monoclonal antibody compared with the original mouse monoclonal antibody for surgically treated colorectal carcinoma. (1995)

In this dual-label technique, the radioiodinated anti-CEA IgG4 chimeric MAb and the original mouse IgG1 MAb were shown to have very similar behavior in colorectal cancer patients.