gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A scheme for high-performance LAN interconnection across public MAN's (1993)

The proliferation of local area networks (LANs) and the emergence of high-bandwidth public networks will create an environment in which it will become increasingly simple and attractive to communicate among different organizations across a common public networking infrastructure. The open bridging scheme proposed, which employs inherent features of forthcoming cell-based metropolitan area networks (MANs) in order to achieve efficient interenterprise communications is introduced. It uses enhanced remote LAN bridging techniques to ensure router-level functionality with bridge-level simplicity and performance. The practicality of open bridging is shown by describing how it can be incorporated in networks using current standard protocol stacks, such as open systems interconnnection (OSI) and transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Human Cytomegalovirus Ribonucleotide Reductase Homolog UL45 Is Dispensable for Growth in Endothelial Cells, as Determined by a BAC-Cloned Clinical Isolate of Human Cytomegalovirus with Preserved Wild-Type Characteristics (2002)

An endothelial cell-tropic and leukotropic human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) clinical isolate was cloned as a fusion-inducing factor X-bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli, and the ribonucleotide reductase homolog UL45 was deleted. Reconstituted virus RVFIX and RV Delta UL45 grew equally well in human fibroblasts and human endothelial cells. Thus, UL45 is dispensable for growth of HCMV in both cell types.
Active immunization with angiotensin I peptide analogue vaccines selectively reduces the pressor effects of exogenous angiotensin I in conscious rats (2000)

1. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were actively immunized with novel angiotensin vaccines, and their pressor responses to exogenous angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin II (AII) were assessed in vivo. Serum antibody titres were also measured. 2. The most effective vaccine consisted of an AI analogue conjugated with a tetanus toxoid carrier protein and adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide. When this vaccine was injected on days 0, 21 and 42, pressor responses to AI on day 63 were significantly inhibited (maximum, 8.9 fold shift), but responses to AII were unaffected. The anti-angiotensin antibody titre was increased 32,100 fold, and, uniquely, these antibodies also cross-reacted with angiotensinogen. 3. These findings indicate that active immunization against AI may be a useful approach for treating cardiovascular disorders involving the renin-angiotensin system.
Laboratory observations of biocide efficiency against Legionella in model cooling tower systems (1999)

The efficacy of specific oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides was examined using a model cooling system inoculated with a microcosm containing an environmental isolate of Legionella pneumophila. The microcosm was prepared in a two-stage chemostat, which provided a consistent source of microbiological inoculum for the study. The microcosm consisted of both sessile (within biofilms) and planktonic Legionella in association with other microorganisms, including Pseudomonas species and cyst-forming ameobae. A procedure was established to successfully transfer the chemostat grown inoculum to the model cooling system and establish both sessile and planktonic forms of Legionella in the model cooling system. The greatest biocidal effect for all of the biocides was observed immediately after dosing. This effect was relatively short-lived even for the slow acting biocides such isothiazolin (as 8 ppm active) where an effect was only observed over the first 12 hours. The faster acting biocides, DBNPA (as 8 ppm active) and gluteraldehyde (as 27 ppm active), did initially reduce Legionella populations but did not totally eliminate Legionella or provide lasting control. Chlorine and bromine (as 0.5--1.5 ppm free halogen), and ozone (as 0.1--0.5 ppm free reserve) reduced and controlled Legionella populations so long as a free reserve of oxidant was maintained. Legionellamore » recovered quickly after biocide dosing, reestablishing similar levels to those observed before dosing.« less
Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). (1989)

The beneficial therapeutic effects of selected low-energy, time-varying magnetic fields, called PEMFs, have been documented with increasing frequency since 1973. Initially, this form of athermal energy was used mainly as a salvage for patients with long-standing juvenile and adult nonunions. Many of these individuals were candidates for amputation. Their clearly documented resistance to the usual forms of surgical treatment, including bone grafting, served as a reasonable control in judging the efficacy of this new therapeutic method, particularly when PEMFs were the sole change in patient management. More recently, the biological effectiveness of this approach in augmenting bone healing has been confirmed by several highly significant double-blind and controlled prospective studies in less challenging clinical circumstances. Furthermore, double-blind evidence of therapeutic effects in other clinical disorders has emerged. These data, coupled with well-controlled laboratory findings on pertinent mechanisms of action, have begun to place PEMFs on a therapeutic par with surgically invasive methods but at considerably less risk and cost. As a result of these clinical observations and concerns about electromagnetic "pollution", interactions of nonionizing electromagnetic fields with biological processes have been the subject of increasing investigational activity. Over the past decade, the number of publications on these topics has risen exponentially. They now include textbooks, speciality journals, regular reviews by government agencies, in addition to individual articles, appearing in the wide spectrum of peer-reviewed, scientific sources. In a recent editorial in Current Contents, the editor reviews the frontiers of biomedical engineering focusing on Science Citation Index methods for identifying core research endeavors. Dr. Garfield chose PEMFs from among other biomedical engineering efforts as an example of a rapidly emerging discipline. Three new societies in the bioelectromagnetics, bioelectrochemistry, and bioelectrical growth and repair have been organized during this time, along with a number of national and international committees and conferences. These activities augment a continuing interest by the IEEE in the U.S. and the IEE in the U.K. This review focuses on the principles and practice behind the therapeutic use of "PEMFs". This term is restricted to time-varying magnetic field characteristics that induce voltage waveform patterns in bone similar to those resulting from mechanical deformation. These asymmetric, broad-band pulses affect a number of biologic processes athermally. Many of these processes appear to have the ability to modify selected pathologic states in the musculoskeletal and other systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Endometrial blood flow mapping using transvaginal power Doppler sonography in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium (2003)

Transvaginal power Doppler blood flow mapping is useful to differentiate benign from malignant endometrial pathology in women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium at baseline sonography.
A boosted dual world-line decoding scheme for 256 Mb DRAMs (2003)

A boosted dual word-line decoding scheme with regulated power supply is developed to realize a memory cell applicable to 256 Mb DRAMs by using silicon dioxide as a dielectric material, and without area increase of the memory cell array. The scheme relaxes the wiring pitch on the cell array, thus making it easier to realize wiring patterns in the large step environment caused by the stack capacitor thickness. A capacitance of up to 50 fF can be realized for a dual cylindrical structure with 1 mu m height and 5 mm oxid thickness. The scheme yields word rising operations two times faster than conventional approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Homolytic constants in the correlation of chloramphenicol structure with activity (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomolytic constants in the correlation of chloramphenicol structure with activityCorwin Hansch, Eberhard Kutter, and A. LeoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 5, 746–749Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00305a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00305a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chitin Stimulates Expression of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase and Eotaxin-3 by Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells in Vitro (2009)

The abundant biopolymer chitin appears to be recognized by a yet uncharacterized receptor on sinonasal epithelial cells. Chitin stimulates production of AMCase and eotaxin-3, two pro-Th2 effector proteins. This finding suggests the existence of a novel innate immune pathway for local defense against chitin-containing organisms in the sinonasal tract. Dysregulation of this function could precipitate or exacerbate Th2 inflammation, potentially acting as an underlying factor in recalcitrant CRSwNP.
Maytansine and Cellular Metabolites of Antibody-Maytansinoid Conjugates Strongly Suppress Microtubule Dynamics by Binding to Microtubules (2010)

Maytansine is a potent microtubule-targeted compound that induces mitotic arrest and kills tumor cells at subnanomolar concentrations. However, its side effects and lack of tumor specificity have prevented successful clinical use. Recently, antibody-conjugated maytansine derivatives have been developed to overcome these drawbacks. Several conjugates show promising early clinical results. We evaluated the effects on microtubule polymerization and dynamic instability of maytansine and two cellular metabolites (S-methyl-DM1 and S-methyl-DM4) of antibody-maytansinoid conjugates that are potent in cells at picomolar levels and that are active in tumor-bearing mice. Although S-methyl-DM1 and S-methyl-DM4 inhibited polymerization more weakly than maytansine, at 100 nmol/L they suppressed dynamic instability more strongly than maytansine (by 84% and 73%, respectively, compared with 45% for maytansine). However, unlike maytansine, S-methyl-DM1 and S-methyl-DM4 induced tubulin aggregates detectable by electron microscopy at concentrations ≥2 μmol/L, with S-methyl-DM4 showing more extensive aggregate formation than S-methyl-DM1. Both maytansine and S-methyl-DM1 bound to tubulin with similar K(D) values (0.86 ± 0.2 and 0.93 ± 0.2 μmol/L, respectively). Tritiated S-methyl-DM1 bound to 37 high-affinity sites per microtubule (K(D), 0.1 ± 0.05 μmol/L). Thus, S-methyl-DM1 binds to high-affinity sites on microtubules 20-fold more strongly than vinblastine. The high-affinity binding is likely at microtubule ends and is responsible for suppression of microtubule dynamic instability. Also, at higher concentrations, S-methyl-DM1 showed low-affinity binding either to a larger number of sites on microtubules or to sedimentable tubulin aggregates. Overall, the maytansine derivatives that result from cellular metabolism of the antibody conjugates are themselves potent microtubule poisons, interacting with microtubules as effectively as or more effectively than the parent molecule.
PPP Stac LZS Compression Protocol (1996)

This document describes the use of the Stac LZS data compression
algorithm, with single or multiple compression histories, for
compressing PPP encapsulated packets. This memo provides information
for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet
standard of any kind.
A Versatile Procedure for the Preparation of Aryl Thiocyanates Using N-Thiocyanatosuccinimide (NTS) (1995)

Abstract A mild procedure for the thiocyanation of several types of arene substrate using N-thiocyanatosuccinimide (NTS) is described. The method appears generally applicable to benzenoid substrates with a wide range of substituents, as well as to heteroaromatic analogues such as indoles and thiophenes.
Adeno-associated virus for the treatment of muscle diseases: toward clinical trials. (2010)

Muscle diseases include muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies, neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. The loss of normal muscle structure and function is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lose ambulation in their teenage years, and frequently experience severe respiratory problems and heart failure in later stages of life. These unmet medical needs have encouraged the development of genetic strategies targeting the underlying muscle disease processes. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been identified as promising gene delivery candidates because of their ability to transduce muscle tissue efficiently while transporting a genetic payload. There is currently significant momentum in the research of AAV-mediated delivery of muscle genes. Various AAV-based therapeutic strategies are undergoing preclinical and clinical testing, including the use of miniaturized and codon-optimized transgenes, exon skipping expression cassettes, novel tissue-specific promoters, AAV capsid mutants and chimeras, and localized intravascular administration procedures. These advancements in gene delivery have led to the generation of AAV vectors with targeted transgene expression, tissue-selective tropism and minimal off-target effects. This review describes advances in AAV gene therapy that are specific to the treatment of muscle diseases, and discusses the implications of their clinical application.
Differential expression of surface membrane growth hormone receptor on human peripheral blood lymphocytes detected by dual fluorochrome flow cytometry (1994)

Although several reports indicate proliferative and functional effects of human GH (hGH) on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)no information is available about h&amp;H receptor (GHR) expression in’PBL subsets. Here, the surface membrane GHR levels were investigated in different human PBL subpopulations using a fluorescein isothiocyanate&#13;\n(FITC)-conjugated monoclonal antibody specific for the GHR&#13;\n(mAb263) in dual fluorochrome flow cytometric assays. Strong GHR expression was found in B-cells (CD20+), whereas CD2’ lymphocytes, including T-cells as well as natural killer cells, exhibited considerably&#13;\nlower levels of receptor expression. Similarly, using FITC-labeled recombinant hGH, receptor expression on CD20+ cells was significantly higher than that on CD2+ cells. Abundant expression of GHR in B lymphocytes was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of GHR messenger ribonucleic acid from isolated B cells. Accordingly, the B-cell merits greater consideration as a GH&#13;\ntarget cell.&#13;\nThe use of FITC-labeled mAb263 and hGH is of potential use for the study of GHR levels in patients exhibiting different types of growth disorders. Because of its high specificity for GHR, FITC-labeled mAb263 is also of considerable value for specifically demonstrating the&#13;\npresence of GHR, because hGH may interact with and act through PRL receptor, as shown previously in human neutrophils.
Suppression of transient enhanced diffusion following in situ photoexcitation during boron ion implantation (1995)

The effect of in situ photoexcitation during boron ion implantation on subsequent transient enhanced B diffusion in Si has been investigated. Photoexcitation using a mercury arc lamp was performed during B+ implantation at 35 keV for a dose of 5×1014 cm−2 at 177 K. A reduction in the electrical activation dip, i.e., reverse annealing effect, in the temperature range 550–700 °C was observed. Also, the transient enhanced diffusion of B, measured using SIMS following 800 °C, 30 min annealing, was suppressed. Both effects demonstrate that the creation of self-interstitials during the implantation process is significantly reduced.
Abstract 3293: The Active Metabolite of Prasugrel Inhibits Platelet Procoagulant Activities (2006)

Knowledge of the life cycle of H. pulicicidum will facilitate an understanding of the role of insecticidal compounds produced by the fungus, the significance of its infections in living plants and how it colonizes dead wood. The case of H. pulicicidum exemplifies how life cycle studies can consolidate disparate observations of a fungal organism, whether from environmental sequences, vegetative mycelia or field specimens, resulting in holistic species concepts critical to the assessment of the dimensions of fungal diversity.
Identification and Isolation of a Hyperphosphorylated, Conformationally Changed Intermediate of Human Protein Tau Expressed in Yeast (2005)

Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of protein tau are typical for neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrate here that human tau expressed in yeast acquired pathological phosphoepitopes, assumed a pathological conformation, and formed aggregates. These processes were modulated by yeast kinases Mds1 and Pho85, orthologues of GSK-3beta and cdk5, respectively. Surprisingly, inactivation of Pho85 increased phosphorylation of tau-4R, concomitant with increased conformational change defined by antibody MC1 and a 40-fold increase in aggregation. Soluble protein tau, purified from yeast lacking PHO85, spontaneously and rapidly formed tau filaments in vitro. Further fractionation of tau by anion-exchange chromatography yielded a hyperphosphorylated monomeric subfraction, termed hP-tau/MC1, with slow electrophoretic mobility and enriched with all major epitopes, including MC1. Isolated hP-tau/MC1 vastly accelerated in vitro aggregation of wild-type tau-4R, demonstrating its functional capacity to initiate aggregation, as well as its structural stability. Combined, this novel yeast model recapitulates hyperphosphorylation, conformation, and aggregation of protein tau, provides insight in molecular changes crucial in tauopathies, offers a source for isolation of modified protein tau, and has potential for identification of modulating compounds and genes.
THE CASE FOR THE FLAIL: Mechanical Landmine Clearance for the Humanitarian Application A Manufacturer's View (1999)

The basic requirement for a Mechanical Landmine Clearance System is to assist the overall humanitarian program to achieve effective and affordable landmine clearance while minimizing the risk to those involved. It is well understood that complete landmine clearing must involve a variety of tools. Experience has shown that the flail system, used together with other classical techniques, represents the most effective approach that present technology allows.
Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene- and urethan-induced lung tumor formation in A/J mice by long-term treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone (1981)

Long-term treatment with the adrenal steroid dehydro-epiandrosterone reduces weight gain without suppressing appetite and inhibits the occurrence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene- and urethan-induced lung tumors in A/J mice.
Micro-structure mechanical failure characterization using rotating Couette flow in a small gap (2005)

A new method for testing the failure rates of micro-mechanical structures is presented. The technique uses Couette flow in a narrow-gap channel to induce different forces and loading on an array of structures. The Couette flow is induced by a rotating disc, which allows multiple devices to be tested at different designed stress levels depending on rotation speed and radial position. As an example, SU-8 micro-structures are used to present a general testing procedure that can be applied to other components. The forces acting on the micro-structures are due to fluid shear stress, centrifugal forces from rotation and form drag, all of which are characterized as they vary with radial position for one rotation rate. One series of tests with a single circumferential row of identical micro-structures is performed to determine the relative importance of these forces on revolutions to failure and failure rate of the structures in the row. Two additional series of tests are conducted to determine the effects of also adding unsteady loading from wakes to the structures. This unsteady loading from wakes is induced by time-varying velocity and pressure variations, which are imposed when additional rows of micro-structures are placed at smaller radial positions compared to the row being tested. Weibull failure rate approaches are used to provide information on failure rate as dependent upon cumulative revolutions. As such, the testing approach is useful for failure characterization of thin-film adhesion, self assembled nano-layers and micro-mechanical structures.
Three-dimensional tracking of occluded objects using integral imaging (2008)

We present experiments to illustrate tracking of occluded objects using three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging (II). Tracking of heavily occluded objects by conventional two-dimensional (2D) image processing may be difficult owing to the superposition of occlusion noise and object details. The effects of occlusion are remedied by 3D computational II reconstruction. We use a summation of absolute difference (SAD) algorithm between pixels of consecutive frames of a moving object for 3D tracking. SAD algorithm is not robust for 2D images of occluded objects; 3D computation reconstruction of the scene allows implementation of a SAD algorithm by reducing occlusion effects. Experimental results demonstrate 3D tracking of occluded objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on 3D tracking of objects using II.