gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 24-channel wavelength-selectable Er-fiber ring laser with intracavity waveguide-grating-router and semiconductor Fabry-Perot filter (1998)

We present an Er-doped fiber ring laser that operates with a single wavelength, which is selectable from any channel wavelength of a 24-channel silica waveguide grating router. A semiconductor Fabry-Perot optical amplifier is used as an intracavity narrow-band filter to stabilize laser oscillation in a single axial mode. We show by experiment and a theoretical model that the long cavity mode buildup time of the Er-fiber laser and multiple passes through the intracavity filter can effectively stabilize the laser output in a single mode. An electroabsorption modulator is used to modulate the laser output at a selected wavelength. Error-free performance is demonstrated, we believe for the first time, for a waveguide grating router fiber laser at 5 Gb/s.
A Novel Multiply-Mutated HSV-1 Strain for the Treatment of Human Brain Tumors (1997)

A promising approach for the therapeutic treatment of brain tumors utilizes replication-competent, neuroattenuated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) mutants. This approach requires mutation of HSV-1 to eliminate killing of normal, nondividing cells of the brain (e.g., neurons). We have generated a HSV-1 double-mutant, designated 3616UB, by interrupting the uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) gene in a previously studied ICP34.5 mutant, R3616. The HSV-1-encoded UNG gene is required for efficient HSV-1 replication in nondividing cells, but is dispensable for replication in rapidly dividing cells. The specific function of the HSV-1 ICP34.5 gene is not completely clear, but it is thought to be necessary for viral replication in cells of the nervous system, because, when mutated, the resultant viral strains are fully neuroattenuated. Strain 3616UB did not replicate in primary neuronal cultures in vitro or in mouse brain, but efficiently killed six of six human tumor cell lines within 6 days in vitro and successfully infected and replicated within brain tumor xenografts. The potential safety of 3616UB for human use is enhanced by an unexpected hypersensitivity to the antiherpetic drug ganciclovir. These data suggest that 3616UB may be effective for the treatment of human brain tumors. Intratumoral injection of 3616UB into human medulloblastoma or angiosarcoma xenografts established in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice produced significant growth arrest and some tumor regressions. Strain 3616UB was as effective as R3616 in this therapy study and did not cause any obvious distress in the treated animals. Together, the data show that 3616UB is a very safe alternative to other HSV-1 mutants because the presence of two mutations reduces the possibility of recombinational events in situ that could lead to the generation of virulent viral progeny during 3616UB therapy.
Control of oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization (2005)

Sexual reproduction depends upon meiosis for the generation of haploid gamete nuclei, which unite after fertilization to form the diploid zygote. The oocytes of most animal species arrest during meiotic prophase, and complete meiosis in response to intercellular signaling in a process called meiotic maturation. Oocyte meiotic maturation is defined by the transition between diakinesis and metaphase of meiosis I and is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown, rearrangement of the cortical cytoskeleton, and meiotic spindle assembly. Thus, the meiotic maturation process is essential for meiosis and prepares the oocyte for fertilization. In C. elegans, the processes of meiotic maturation, ovulation, and fertilization are temporally coupled: sperm utilize the major sperm protein as a hormone to trigger oocyte meiotic maturation, and in turn, the maturing oocyte signals its own ovulation thereby facilitating fertilization. This chapter highlights recent advances in understanding meiotic maturation signaling and gametic interactions required for fertilization.
The First Total Synthesis of Dragmacidin D (2002)

The first total synthesis of the biologically significant bis-indole alkaloid dragmacidin D (5) has been achieved. Thermal and electronic modulation provides the key for a series of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions that furnished the core structure of the complex guanidine- and aminoimidazole-containing dragmacidins. Following this crucial sequence, a succession of meticulously controlled final events was developed leading to the completion of the natural product.
Decreased Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks with Cellular Differentiation (1992)

Colin A. Bill, Brigitte M. Grochan, Eduard Vrdoljak, Elizabeth A. Mendoza, Philip J. Tofilon, Decreased Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks with Cellular Differentiation, Radiation Research, Vol. 132, No. 2 (Nov., 1992), pp. 254-258
Troglitazone increases the number of small adipocytes without the change of white adipose tissue mass in obese Zucker rats. (1998)

Troglitazone (CS-045) is one of the thiazolidinediones that activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is expressed primarily in adipose tissues. To elucidate the mechanism by which troglitazone relieves insulin resistance in vivo, we studied its effects on the white adipose tissues of an obese animal model (obese Zucker rat). Administration of troglitazone for 15 d normalized mild hyperglycemia and marked hyperinsulinemia in these rats. Plasma triglyceride level was decreased by troglitazone in both obese and lean rats. Troglitazone did not change the total weight of white adipose tissues but increased the number of small adipocytes (< 2,500 micron2) approximately fourfold in both retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese rats. It also decreased the number of large adipocytes (> 5,000 micron2) by approximately 50%. In fact, the percentage of apoptotic nuclei was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the troglitazone-treated retroperitoneal white adipose tissue than control. Concomitantly, troglitazone normalized the expression levels of TNF-alpha which were elevated by 2- and 1.4-fold in the retroperitoneal and mesenteric white adipose tissues of the obese rats, respectively. Troglitazone also caused a dramatic decrease in the expression levels of leptin, which were increased by 4-10-fold in the white adipose tissues of obese rats. These results suggest that the primary action of troglitazone may be to increase the number of small adipocytes in white adipose tissues, presumably via PPARgamma. The increased number of small adipocytes and the decreased number of large adipocytes in white adipose tissues of troglitazone-treated obese rats appear to be an important mechanism by which increased expression levels of TNF-alpha and higher levels of plasma lipids are normalized, leading to alleviation of insulin resistance.
Physical and chemical changes of medicinals in mixtures with adsorbents in the solid state. IV. Study on reduced-pressure mixing for practical use of amorphous mixtures of flufenamic acid. (1990)

Flufenamic acid (FFA) was mixed with magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) at a reduced pressure of about 10 to 50 mmHg employing a commercial mixer for pharmaceutical production. An amorphous state of FFA in the mixture was efficiently achieved with this equipment, and the dissolution of FFA was enhanced in comparison with that of the physical mixture. Effects of the conditions of mixing, such as pressure, temperature and rotating speed, on dissolution of FFA were determined. Through stability tests at 40 degrees C under both dry and humid conditions, no change in dissolution profiles was recognized in a 5% FFA mixture stored under any conditions. On the other hand, decreases in dissolution behavior were observed in 10% and 20% FFA mixtures when they were stored under humid conditions. These results suggested that humidity should be avoided during the storage of amorphous mixtures of FFA with MAS for production purposes.
Characterization of light collection through a subwavelength aperture from a point source (2006)

We experimentally measure and theoretically model the light transmission characteristics of subwavelength apertures. The characterization consists of translating a point source at varying vertical height and lateral displacement from the aperture and measuring the resulting transmission. We define the variation of the transmission with lateral source displacement as the collection mode point spread function (CPSF). This transmission geometry is particularly relevant to subwavelength aperture based imaging devices and enables determination of their resolution. This study shows that the achieved resolutions degrade as a function of sample height and that the behavior of sensor devices based on the use of apertures for detection is different from those devices where the apertures are used as light sources. In addition, we find that the measured CPSF is dependent on the collection numerical aperture (NA). Finally, we establish that resolution beyond the diffraction limit for a nominal optical wavelength of 650 nm and nominal medium refractive index of 1.5 is achievable with subwavelength aperture based devices when the aperture size is smaller than 225 nm.
Photochromic Guests in Organogels (2000)

Abstract 3,3-Diphenyl-9,10-di-n-undecyloxypyrano[3,2-a]phenazine 3 was designed to be incorporated into fibres of 2,3-di-n-undecyloxyphenazine which display gel-forming ability in various fluids. A spectrokinetic study and the determination of the temperatures of gel-to-sol phase transition, give evidence of the insertion of the photochromic chromene into the organogelator network. Under continuous irradiation, the photochromic reaction induces a decrease of the gel strength which can be used to trigger the gel-to-sol phase transition.
Molecular recognition by macrocyclic receptors having multiple hydrophobic branches in a synthetic bilayer membrane (1992)

Abstract Hybrid molecular assemblies were prepared in combinations of a synthetic peptide lipid, involving an L‐alanine residue interposed between an anionic head group and a hydrophobic double‐chain segment, with cationic macrocyclic hosts, a steroid cyclophane bearing four rigid steroid moieties and octopus cyclophanes having eight flexible hydrocarbon branches. On addition of the cyclophanes to multi‐walled bilayer membranes composed of the anionic lipid, thermodynamic parameters (Δ H and Δ S ) associated with the phase transition between the gel and liquidcrystalline states were subjected to changes that are consistent with the formation of the hybrid assemblies. Anionic fluorescent guests, 8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulphonate and 6‐ p ‐toluidinonaphthalene‐2‐sulphonate, were effectively incorporated into the hydrophobic cavities provided by the cationic cyclophanes embedded in the bilayer membrane through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The guest‐binding modes of the hybrid assemblies are classified into two types; a guest is included in the proximity of the hydrogen‐belt domain of the bilayer membrane in one mode, and a guest is incorporated into the hydrophobic bilayer domain composed of double hydrocarbon chains of the lipid in another.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a novel signaling molecule, stimulates DNA binding activity of AP-1 in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. (1994)

Sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate, metabolites of sphingolipids, stimulate cell proliferation in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and induce transient increases in intracellular free calcium (Zhang, H., Desai, N. N., Olivera, A., Seki, T., Brooker, G., and Spiegel, S. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 114, 155-167). However, little is yet known of the nuclear events that follow the early responses induced by sphingolipid metabolites. Using a gel retardation assay, we found that specific DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) was markedly increased after treatment of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosine. The DNA binding specificity of AP-1 was confirmed with competing probes containing consensus sequences of AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, SP-1, and NF1/CTF. The c-fos gene product was detected in the AP-1 complex using anti-c-Fos antibody. The dose response for stimulation of DNA binding activity of AP-1 by sphingosine 1-phosphate correlated closely with its effect on DNA synthesis. Furthermore, an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase, DL-threo-dihydrosphingosine, which inhibits sphingosine-induced DNA synthesis and the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, also inhibited sphingosine-stimulated AP-1 DNA binding activity. This result further supports our proposal that sphingosine 1-phosphate mediates the mitogenic effect of sphingosine. Our results indicate that sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced DNA synthesis and cell division may result from activation of AP-1 protein, linking signal transduction by sphingolipid metabolites to gene expression.
Organic Compounds Of Boron (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOrganic Compounds Of BoronM. F. LappertCite this: Chem. Rev. 1956, 56, 5, 959–1064Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50011a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50011a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3671Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Telomerase catalysis: A phylogenetically conserved reverse transcriptase (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Potent and Specific Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by RNA Interference (2002)

Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been shown to induce the degradation of specific mRNA targets in human cells by inducing RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we demonstrate that siRNA duplexes targeted against the essential Tat and Rev regulatory proteins encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can specifically block Tat and Rev expression and function. More importantly, we show that these same siRNAs can effectively inhibit HIV-1 gene expression and replication in cell cultures, including those of human T-cell lines and primary lymphocytes. These observations demonstrate that RNAi can effectively block virus replication in human cells and raise the possibility that RNAi could provide an important innate protective response, particularly against viruses that express double-stranded RNAs as part of their replication cycle.
Group refractive index measurement of dry and hydrated type I collagen films using optical low-coherence reflectometry (1996)

The group refractive index and physical thickness of dry and hydrated type I collagen films are measured using optical low-coherence reflectometry. The average value for the group refractive index of dry and fully hydrated collagen films at lo = 850 nm is, respectively, 1.53 6 0.02, and 1.43 6 0.02. The physical thickness of type I collagen films nearly doubles when going from the dry (56 mm) to hydrated (118 mm) state.
Prediction of Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity for Common Organic Solvents Using Quantitative Structure−Property Relationships (2001)

Predictive models for the surface tension, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of 213 common organic solvents are reported. The models are derived from numerical descriptors which encode information about the topology, geometry, and electronics of each compound in the data set. Multiple linear regression and computational neural networks are used to train and evaluate models based on statistical indices and overall root-mean-square error. Eight-descriptor models were developed for both surface tension and viscosity, while a nine-descriptor model was developed for thermal conductivity. In addition, a single nine-descriptor model was developed for prediction of all three properties. The results of this study compare favorably to previously reported prediction methods for these three properties.
Adenovirus-mediated siRNA inhibited survivin gene expression induces tumor cell apoptosis in nude mice. (2008)

In order to research the survivin gene's action on an animal tumor, we used an adenovirus-mediated siRNA system to inhibit the expression of survivin in an animal model of hepatocarcinoma using nude mice. We constructed a hepatocarcinoma model with nude mice using the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and divided the mice into four groups depending on the injection dose of AdsiRNA-survivin. We injected the constructed survivin-siRNA adenovirus into tumor-bearing nude mice, observed tumor growth, and determined the tumor growth curve. We then detected tumor cell apoptosis using a TUNEL kit that can assay sliced DNA in tumor cells. The growth of tumors injected with a high or low dose of AdsiRNA-survivin was obviously inhibited, and this level of inhibition was positively correlated with the injected dose of adenovirus. Results of the TUNEL test showed that many of the apoptotic cells were brown in color with concentrated nuclei and an irregular cell shape for both the high and low injection doses. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by group in the order of the high dose group, the low dose group, the AdsiRNA-U6 group, and the PBS group. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that an adenovirus-mediated siRNA system can be used for animal experiments in vivo. AdsiRNA-survivin efficiently inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor cell apoptosis, and it did so in a dose-dependent manner.
Dosage, effectiveness, and safety of sertraline treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in a Japanese clinical setting: a retrospective study (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov (Identification No. NCT01607593 ). Registered May 21, 2012.
High-coherence semiconductor lasers based on integral high- Q resonators in hybrid Si/III-V platforms (2014)

The semiconductor laser (SCL) is the principal light source powering the worldwide optical fiber network. The ever-increasing demand for data is causing the network to migrate to phase-coherent modulation formats, which place strict requirements on the temporal coherence of the light source that no longer can be met by current SCLs. This failure can be traced directly to the canonical laser design, in which photons are both generated and stored in the same, optically lossy, III-V material. This leads to an excessive and large amount of noisy spontaneous emission commingling with the laser mode, thereby degrading its coherence. High losses also decrease the amount of stored optical energy in the laser cavity, magnifying the effect of each individual spontaneous emission event on the phase of the laser field. Here, we propose a new design paradigm for the SCL. The keys to this paradigm are the deliberate removal of stored optical energy from the lossy III-V material by concentrating it in a passive, low-loss material and the incorporation of a very high-Q resonator as an integral (i.e., not externally coupled) part of the laser cavity. We demonstrate an SCL with a spectral linewidth of 18 kHz in the telecom band around 1.55 μm, achieved using a single-mode silicon resonator with Q of 10(6).
The role of MAPK pathway in bone and soft tissue tumors. (2011)

U0126 blocks MAPK signaling and decreases cell proliferation in OS and MFH. Thus, selective MAPK inhibitors might be therapeutically advantageous in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
High‐Temperature‐Stable Catalysts by Hollow Sphere Encapsulation (2006)

Stable companions: Hollow zirconia shells that each contain one gold nanoparticle (see picture) are stable to sintering and can be used as heterogeneous catalysts in reactions such as the oxidation of CO in air. The performance of Au, @ZrO2 is unaffected by calcination at 800 °C.
Thrombospondin-1 Inhibits Nitric Oxide Signaling via CD36 by Inhibiting Myristic Acid Uptake (2007)

Although CD36 is generally recognized to be an inhibitory signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), the molecular mechanism for transduction of this signal remains unclear. Based on evidence that myristic acid and TSP1 each modulate endothelial cell nitric oxide signaling in a CD36-dependent manner, we examined the ability of TSP1 to modulate the fatty acid translocase activity of CD36. TSP1 and a CD36 antibody that mimics the activity of TSP1 inhibited myristate uptake. Recombinant TSP1 type 1 repeats were weakly inhibitory, but an anti-angiogenic peptide derived from this domain potently inhibited myristate uptake. This peptide also inhibited membrane translocation of the myristoylated CD36 signaling target Fyn and activation of Src family kinases. Myristate uptake stimulated cGMP synthesis via endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase. CD36 ligands blocked myristate-stimulated cGMP accumulation in proportion to their ability to inhibit myristate uptake. TSP1 also inhibited myristate-stimulated cGMP synthesis by engaging its receptor CD47. Myristate stimulated endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion on type I collagen via the NO/cGMP pathway, and CD36 ligands that inhibit myristate uptake blocked this response. Therefore, the fatty acid translocase activity of CD36 elicits proangiogenic signaling in vascular cells, and TSP1 inhibits this response by simultaneously inhibiting fatty acid uptake via CD36 and downstream cGMP signaling via CD47.
Adaptive block matching motion estimation algorithm using bit-plane matching (2002)

Motion estimation/compensation techniques are extensively used in video compression because of their abilities to exploit the high temporal correlation between successive frames of an image sequence. We first propose a new matching criterion called bit-plane matching (BPM) for distance measurement in the block matching algorithm. This criterion not only considers the magnitude but also the directive information of the pixel elements in the block. A simple adaptive block matching algorithm is also developed to adjust the search origin and search range at a block-by-block basis. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves similar MSE performance for motion-predicted images but requires about 8 times less the number of computations than the full-search method.