gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La circulation des élites militaires: les chefs de guerre catalans en Italie au XIVe siècle (2002)

en Colloque International La Circulation des elites europeennes. Entre histoire des idees et histoire sociale. (Paris 20-22 mayo 1999), Paris, Seli Arslan, 2002, pp. 38-55.
Is Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Distinct From Type 1 Diabetes or Just Type 1 Diabetes at an Older Age? (2005)

Diabetes is classified clinically into two types: type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune diabetes, whereas, in contrast, type 2 diabetes is nonautoimmune. However, there is a group of phenotypic adult type 2 diabetic patients ( approximately 10%) who have islet autoantibodies similar to type 1 diabetes. These patients are said to have latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) or type 1.5 diabetes. T-cells reacting with islet proteins have been demonstrated in type 1 and type 1.5 diabetic patients. In contrast, classic autoantibody-negative type 2 diabetic patients are also negative for T-cell responses to islet proteins. Therefore, we questioned whether type 1 and type 1.5 diabetes are similar or different autoimmune diseases. We have investigated the immunological and metabolic differences between type 1, type 1.5, and classic type 2 diabetic patients. We have identified autoantibody differences, differences in islet proteins recognized by T-cells, and differences in insulin resistance. We have also identified a small group of patients who have T-cells responsive to islet proteins but who are autoantibody negative. These patients appear to be similar to type 1.5 patients in having decreased stimulated C-peptide values. These immunological differences between type 1 and type 1.5 diabetes suggest at least partially distinct disease processes.
Mechanism of Infertility in Male Guinea Pigs Immunized with Sperm PH-201 (1997)

PH-20, a testis-specific protein first expressed in haploid germ cells, is present on the posterior head plasma membrane and inner acrosomal membrane of mature guinea pig sperm. PH-20 is bifunctional, having a hyaluronidase activity that allows sperm to penetrate the cumulus layer and a separate activity required for binding of acrosome-reacted sperm to the zona pellucida. The immunization of male guinea pigs with PH-20 reproducibly results in infertility with a duration of 6-12 mo or longer. In this study, we analyzed the immunopathology in the reproductive tract of PH-20-immunized males to probe the mechanism(s) responsible for the induced infertility and found two separate effects. Remarkably, in almost all infertile, PH-20-immunized males, the caudae epididymides were empty (contained no sperm) or contained only abnormal sperm. The complete loss of normal sperm in the epididymis apparently results in infertility. A second effect was the induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), representing the first report of EAO induced by a purified testis/sperm molecule of known functions. PH-20-induced EAO differed from EAO induced by crude testis antigens in two respects: 1) an absence of epididymitis with abscess and granuloma and 2) the presence of antibody on germ cells within seminiferous tubules and inside the cauda epididymidis. The former suggests that crude testis antigens other than PH-20 are responsible for epididymitis, and the latter suggests a possible role of antibody in EAO pathogenesis and infertility induction. Return to fertility, after 6-12 mo, was accompanied by regression of EAO and reappearance of spermatozoa in the caudae epididymides.
Neuronal and Nonneuronal Influences on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival, Axonal Regrowth, and Connectivity after Axotomya (1991)

In contrast to the abortive regrowth that occurs when axons are interrupted in the adult mammalian CNS, exposure of injured CNS axons to the nonneuronal milieu of a peripheral nerve can lead to extensive axonal elongation. With the application of this experimental approach to the retinocollicular pathway in adult rodents, it has been possible to investigate the influences of neuron-glia and other interactions on the capacity of axotomized CNS neurons to survive injury, to elongate the distances necessary to reach specific targets, and to form connections in the CNS in adult rodents. The results of these investigations indicate that the changed glial environment provided by peripheral nerve grafts permits the guided regeneration of RGC axons to their CNS targets. Back in the CNS glial environment, regenerated axons penetrate their targets for short distances and re-form normal appearing synapses that can excite or inhibit postsynaptic neurons. Further studies will require a better understanding of intrinsic neuronal properties and of the interactions of these neurons with other neurons and with the cellular and noncellular components of the extraneural milieu.
Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA responses to hypothyroxinemia induced by sleep deprivation (2002)

Sleep deprivation in rats results in progressive declines in circulating concentrations of both total and free thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) without an expected increase in plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) results in appropriate increases in plasma TSH, free T(4), and free T(3) across experimental days, suggesting deficient endogenous TRH production and/or release. This study examined transcriptional responses related to TRH regulation following sleep deprivation. In situ hybridization was used to detect and quantitate expression of mRNAs encoding prepro-TRH and 5'-deiodinase type II (5'-DII) in brain sections of six rats sleep deprived for 16-21 days, when there was marked hypothyroxinemia, and in sections from animals yoked to the experimental protocol as well as from sham controls. TRH transcript levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were essentially unchanged at 15-16 days but increased to about threefold control levels in three of four rats sleep deprived for 20-21 days, a change comparable to that typically found in prolonged experimental hypothyroidism. There was no evidence for suppression of 5'-DII mRNA levels, which would be a sign of T(3) feedback downregulation of neurons in the PVN. A failure to increase serum TSH in response to hypothyroxinemia and to increased prepro-TRH mRNA expression indicates that alterations in posttranscriptional stages of TRH synthesis, processing, or release likely mediate the central hypothyroidism induced by sleep deprivation.
Hepatitis delta antigen: antigenic structure and humoral immune response (1990)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small RNA virus that is dependent on helper functions provided by hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis delta Ag (HDAg) is the only protein known to be made from the viral genome, from an ORF with a coding capacity of 214 amino acids. The immunogenic epitopes of HDAg and the immune response to it were mapped by the use of synthetic peptides, antipeptide antibodies, and human mAb. Antipeptide sera covering approximately 60% of the linear sequence reacted with liver-derived HDAg. Antisera from HDV-infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks reacted with from 2 to 13 of 15 peptides. The epitopes of two human anti-HD mAb were mapped to overlapping but distinct epitopes in the region around residues 106-123. Sera from infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks were also tested by competition with the mAb. Use of the peptides and antipeptide sera defined one region in the sequence (residues 52-93) which is immunodominant in the immune response to HDAg. Reactivity of both peptides and antipeptide antibodies was very broad, covering most or all of the linear sequence. Competition assays also provided information on conformational epitopes, as well as the sequential epitopes defined by direct assays. The peptides and antipeptide antibodies should be useful in new assay development, in dissecting the anti-HD response in terms of chronic vs self-limited infection, and in studying the role of anti-HD in infection and recovery.
A Systematic Review of Rates and Diagnostic Validity of Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder (2007)

Comorbid adult ADHD and bipolar disorder has been insufficiently studied, with more emphasis on comorbidity rates and few data on course, neurobiology, heredity, and treatment. The diagnostic validity of adult ADHD/ bipolar disorder as a true comorbidity is not well-established on the basis of this equivocal and insufficient literature. More studies are greatly needed to further clarify its diagnostic validity and treatment approach.
Neuroendocrine rhythms and sleep in aging men (1991)

To delineate the physiological effects of aging on basal levels and temporal patterns of neuroendocrine secretions, the 24-h profiles of cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), melatonin, prolactin, and growth hormone (GH) levels were simultaneously obtained at frequent intervals in eight healthy, active elderly men, age 67-84 yr and in eight young male adults, age 20-27 yr. The study was preceded by an extended period of habituation to laboratory conditions, and sleep was polygraphically recorded. Mean cortisol levels in the elderly were normal, but the amplitude of the circadian rhythm was reduced. Circulating levels of daytime and nighttime levels of both TSH and GH were greatly diminished in old age. In contrast, prolactin and melatonin concentrations were decreased during the nighttime only. The circadian rises of cortisol, TSH, and melatonin occurred 1-1.5 h earlier in elderly subjects, and the distribution of rapid-eye-movement stages during sleep was similarly advanced, suggesting that circadian timekeeping is modified during normal senescence. Despite perturbations of sleep, sleep-related release of GH and prolactin occurred in all elderly men. Age-related decreases in hormonal levels were associated with a decrease in the amplitude, but not the frequency, of secretory pulses. These findings demonstrate that the normal process of aging involves alterations in the central mechanisms controlling the temporal organization of endocrine release in addition to a reduction of secretory outputs.
Modular Assembly of Cell-targeting Devices Based on an Uncommon G-quadruplex Aptamer (2015)

Aptamers are valuable tools that provide great potential to develop cost-effective diagnostics and therapies in the biomedical field. Here, we report a novel DNA aptamer that folds into an unconventional G-quadruplex structure able to recognize and enter specifically into human Burkitt's lymphoma cells. We further optimized this aptamer to a highly versatile and stable minimized version. The minimized aptamer can be easily equipped with different functionalities like quantum dots, organic dyes, or even a second different aptamer domain yielding a bi-paratopic aptamer. Although the target molecule of the aptamer remains unknown, our microscopy and pharmacological studies revealed that the aptamer hijacks the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway for its cellular internalization. We conclude that this novel class of aptamers can be used as a modular tool to specifically deliver different cargoes into malignant cells. This work provides a thorough characterization of the aptamer and we expect that our strategy will pave the path for future therapeutic applications.
Immunochemical characterization of adenocarcinoma‐associated antigen yh206 (1988)

The antigen recognized by MAb YH206 is mainly expressed in adenocarcinomas and is also detected in the sera of cancer patients (Hinoda et al., 1987). This antigen (antigen YH206) was chemically characterized and purified by column chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a broad component in the high-molecular-weight range which was clearly detectable by carbohydrate (PAS) but not by protein (silver) stain. Agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of antigen YH206 indicated that it consists of a high-molecular-weight component (more than 2,000 kDa). Treatment of antigen YH206 with alkali suggested that the antigenic determinant consists of carbohydrate chains of mucin type. Density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that the activity of antigen YH206 is localized at a density of 1.45 g/ml, suggesting that antigen YH206 is a mucin. Neuraminidase treatment of antigen YH206 indicated that the epitope is cryptic and contains an asialocarbohydrate chain. Once antigen YH206 has been purified by affinity chromatography, neither CA19-9 antigen nor DU-PAN-II antigen can be detected, although they were present at very high levels in the crude ascitic starting material; these last two are representative carbohydrate antigens which are widely used for serodiagnosis to detect adenocarcinomas.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 6-(Dibromomethyl)-5-nitropyrimidines as Potential Antitumor Agents (1997)

A series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-5-nitropyrimidines have been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of proliferation of L1210 and H.Ep.2 cells in vitro. The most potent compound was 6-(dibromomethyl)-2-methoxy-4-morpholino-5-nitropyrimidine (11) (L1210, IC50 = 0.32 microM; H.Ep.2, IC50 = 1.6 microM). Of the 6-substituents incorporated, only CHBr2, CH2Br, and CHO were compatible with antiproliferative activity, while a wider variety of 4-substituents were tolerated. At concentrations near the IC50 for antiproliferative activity, a delayed resumption of cell proliferation in L1210 cultures indicated that the activity of the compounds was short-lived and suggested they might act by an alkylation mechanism.
Safety and persistence of adoptively transferred autologous CD19-targeted T cells in patients with relapsed or chemotherapy refractory B-cell leukemias (2011)

We report the findings from the first 10 patients with chemotherapy-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) we have enrolled for treatment with autologous T cells modified to express 19-28z, a second-generation chimeric antigen (Ag) receptor specific to the B-cell lineage Ag CD19. Eight of the 9 treated patients tolerated 19-28z(+) T-cell infusions well. Three of 4 evaluable patients with bulky CLL who received prior conditioning with cyclophosphamide exhibited either a significant reduction or a mixed response in lymphadenopathy without concomitant development of B-cell aplasia. In contrast, one patient with relapsed ALL who was treated in remission with a similar T-cell dose developed a predicted B-cell aplasia. The short-term persistence of infused T cells was enhanced by prior cyclophosphamide administration and inversely proportional to the peripheral blood tumor burden. Further analyses showed rapid trafficking of modified T cells to tumor and retained ex vivo cytotoxic potential of CD19-targeted T cells retrieved 8 days after infusion. We conclude that this adoptive T-cell approach is promising and more likely to show clinical benefit in the setting of prior conditioning chemotherapy and low tumor burden or minimal residual disease. These studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.org as #NCT00466531 (CLL protocol) and #NCT01044069 (B-ALL protocol).
Air-stable inverted flexible polymer solar cells using zinc oxide nanoparticles as an electron selective layer (2008)

The performance and stability of unencapsulated inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells with zinc oxide (ZnO) made by different processes as the electron selective contact are compared to conventional bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The low temperature processed inverted devices using ZnO nanoparticles on indium tin oxide plastic substrates showed high power conversion efficiency of ∼3.3%. This inverted device structure possessed much better stability under ambient conditions retaining over 80% of its original conversion efficiency after 40days while the conventional one showed negligible photovoltaic activity after 4days. This is due to the improved stability at the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/Ag interface.
A highly scalable spherical microphone array based on an orthonormal decomposition of the soundfield (2002)

This paper describes a beamforming microphone array consisting of pressure microphones that are mounted on the surface of a rigid sphere. The beamformer is based on a spherical harmonic decomposition of the soundfield. We show that this allows a simple and computationally effective, yet flexible beamformer structure. The look-direction can be steered to any direction in 3-D space without changing the beampattern. In general the number of sensors and their location is quite arbitrary as long as they hold a certain orthogonality constraint that we derived. For a practical example we chose a spherical array with 32 elements. The microphones are located at the center of the faces of a truncated icosahedron. The radius of the sphere is 5 cm. With this setup we can achieve a Directivity Index of 12 dB and higher. The operating frequency range is from 100 Hz to 5 kHz.
Time-Sharing Sinewave Absolute Value Tracking Boost Chopper Controlled One Stage Power Conditioner with Non Electrolytic Capacitor DC Filter Link (2006)

This paper presents a novel boost-full bridge cascade system topology without electrolytic capacitor DC filter link and its time-sharing control scheme of a selective dual mode pulse modulated high efficiency single-phase sinewave power conversion conditioner for small scale new energy generation applications. This power conversion system is composed of a sinewave absolute value tracking boost chopper with a bypass diode in the first power stage and sinewave PWM full-bridge inverter in the second power stage operated by dual mode selective time-sharing pulse pattern signal processing control approach. The unique operating principle of two power conditioning and processing stages with sectional time-sharing dual mode partial sinewave modulation scheme is described and discussed for stand alone utilization. The paper proposes a sinewave tracking voltage controlled soft switching PWM boost chopper with a bypass diode loop, which includes a passive auxiliary edge-resonant snubber. The new conceptual operating principle of this novel sinewave pulse modulated power conditioner acceptable for small scale new energy generation is evaluated through the experimental and simulation results, together with a control implementation
Serum Amyloid A Is a Biomarker of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2007)

SAA is a novel blood biomarker of AECOPD that is more sensitive than CRP alone or in combination with dyspnea. SAA may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of AECOPD.
Bacterial luciferase alpha beta fusion protein is fully active as a monomer and highly sensitive in vivo to elevated temperature. (1989)

A 2.2-kilobase-pair (kbp) DNA fragment from Vibrio harveyi contains the luxA and luxB genes separated by a 26-base-pair (bp) intergenic region. The two genes were converted to a single open reading frame by site-specific mutagenesis. A full-length fusion protein is obtained when the new gene is placed under transcriptional control of a T7 promoter in Escherichia coli. Bioluminescence of colonies containing the gene fusion is 0.002% of the wild-type luciferase [alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked); alkanal, reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing), EC 1.14.14.3] at 37 degrees C. Growth at 23 degrees C results in a greater than 50,000-fold increase in light emission in cells containing fusion protein, whereas only a 3-fold increase in observed with cells containing the luxAB dicistron. Purified fusion protein isolated from E. coli grown at 19 degrees C exists in both monomeric and dimeric forms with specific bioluminescence activities comparable to the heterodimeric wild-type enzyme at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C. These findings show that the alpha beta fusion polypeptide is functional as a monomer and suggest that its folding is drastically affected at elevated temperature. We hypothesize that the two-subunit bacterial luciferase may have evolved from a monomer as a result of a temperature increase in the environment.
Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms (2002)

We investigated the effects of 6 mo of near-physiological testosterone administration to older men on skeletal muscle function and muscle protein metabolism. Twelve older men (≥60 yr) with serum total testosterone concentrations &lt;17 nmol/l (480 ng/dl) were randomly assigned in double-blind manner to receive either placebo ( n = 5) or testosterone enanthate (TE; n = 7) injections. Weekly intramuscular injections were given for the 1st mo to establish increased blood testosterone concentrations at 1 mo and then changed to biweekly injections until the 6-mo time point. TE doses were adjusted to maintain nadir serum testosterone concentrations between 17 and 28 nmol/l. Lean body mass (LBM), muscle volume, prostate size, and urinary flow were measured at baseline and at 6 mo. Protein expression of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin-like growth factor I, along with muscle strength and muscle protein metabolism, were measured at baseline and at 1 and 6 mo of treatment. Hematological parameters were followed monthly throughout the study. Older men receiving testosterone increased total and leg LBM, muscle volume, and leg and arm muscle strength after 6 mo. LBM accretion resulted from an increase in muscle protein net balance, due to a decrease in muscle protein breakdown. TE treatment increased expression of AR protein at 1 mo, but expression returned to pre-TE treatment levels by 6 mo. IGF-I protein expression increased at 1 mo and remained increased throughout TE administration. We conclude that physiological and near-physiological increases of testosterone in older men will increase muscle protein anabolism and muscle strength.
Low density parity check matrices for coding of multiple access networks (2004)

The paper considers linear matrices for a coding problem for multiple access networks. It is proved that we can construct codes by using sparse matrices, which are also called low density parity check (LDPC) matrices.
Regulation of human IgE synthesis: the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and the inhibitory effects of interferon-alpha. (1991)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been shown to induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Here we show that highly purified B-cells (greater than 99.5%) failed to produce IgE in the presence of IL-4 but IgE synthesis was restored by the addition of autologous CD4+ T-cells or by CD4+ T-cell clones with non-relevant specificities, derived from different donors. In contrast, autologous CD8+ T-lymphocytes or one allogeneic CD8+ T-cell clone failed to restore IgE synthesis. Moreover, autologous CD8+ T-cells suppressed IgE synthesis induced by autologous CD4+ T-cells in a dose-dependent fashion. IgE production could be induced in cultures containing as few as 20 B-cells. Collectively these data indicate that in addition to IL-4, a second signal derived from CD4+ T-cells is required to induce B-cells to switch to IgE producing cells. In a second set of experiments we showed that IFN-alpha blocked both IL-4-induced IgE synthesis by PBL of healthy donors and spontaneous IgE synthesis by PBL of allergic or atopic patients in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition occurred at the IgE messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcription level. The strongest inhibitory effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) were observed at the 2.2 kb productive mRNA transcript, whereas weaker inhibitory effects were observed on the 1.7 kb germline IgE mRNA transcript.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)