gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and performance considerations of cat’s-eye retroreflectors for use in open-path Fourier-transform-infrared spectrometry (2002)

A ray-tracing analysis of cat's-eye retroreflectors for use in active open-path Fourier-transform-infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry and the results of testing f/0.5 and f/1.75 cat's-eye retroreflectors built in our laboratory with a commercial active OP/FT-IR spectrometer are presented. The ray-tracing model is based on the optical characteristics of a commercial single-telescope monostatic OP/FT-IR spectrometer and explores trends in cat's-eye behavior in practical but rigorous field conditions encountered during transportable outdoor use. All mirrors modeled are paraboloids for which the focal ratios of the primary mirror are f/0.5, f/1.75, and f/3. The effect of the focal ratio of the primary mirror, the focal length of the secondary mirror, and the off-axis alignment of the primary and the secondary mirror have been evaluated as a function of path length, including variable input-beam divergence, between the spectrometer and the cat's-eye. The paraboloidal mirrors comprising the primary and secondary of the cat's-eye retroreflectors tested were made in our laboratory by spin casting liquid epoxy-graphite composite mixtures followed by in situ polymerization with no postpolishing.
Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Liposomes Topical Formulations for Vitreoretinal Drug Delivery (2018)

TA-loaded liposomes, administered topically, can deliver TA in the vitreous cavity and reach the retina efficiently.
Rapidly Functionalized, Water-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes at High Concentration (2005)

Microwave-assisted functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids was carried out to synthesize highly water-dispersible nanotubes. Stable concentrations as high as 10 mg/mL were obtained in deionized water that are nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported. This was after only 3 min of functionalization reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the presence of carboxylated (-COOH) and acid sulfonated (-SO(2).OH or -SO(3)(-) H(+)) groups on the SWNTs. On the basis of elemental analysis, it was estimated that one out of three carbon atoms was carboxylated, while one out of 10 carbon atoms was sulfonated. The Raman spectra taken both in aqueous dispersion and in the solid phase indicated charge transfer from the SWNT backbone to the functional groups. Scanning electron microscope images of thin films deposited from an aqueous suspension showed that the SWNTs were aligned parallel to one another on the substrate. The images also indicated some reduction in average length of the nanotubes. Transmission electron microscope images of thin films from a dilute methanol dispersion showed that the SWNTs were extensively debundled. Laser light scattering particle size measurements did not show evidence for the existence of particles in the 3-800 nm size range, indicating that the functionalized SWNTs might have dispersed to have formed a true solution. Moreover, the microwave-processed SWNTs were found to contain significantly smaller amounts of the original iron catalyst relative to that present in the starting nanotubes. The electrical conductivity of a thermally annealed thin membrane obtained from the microwave-functionalized SWNTs was found to be the same as that of a similar membrane obtained from a suspension of the starting nanotubes.
Clinical Utility of PCR for Common Viruses in Acute Respiratory Illness (2014)

qPCR detection of respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, or parainfluenza viruses in children with ARI is likely to be causative of disease; detection of several other respiratory viruses must be interpreted with caution due to high detection rates in asymptomatic children.
Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern as a Differential Diagnostic Tool (2014)

To ascertain the constituents of serum proteins in disordered organs, we evaluated these proteins by the zone electrophoresis method.The medium used was cellulose acetate paper with Barbital (veronal) at pH 8.6 as the buffer.Disease conditions studied were cirrhosis, kwashiorkor, nephritic syndrome, post hepatic obstruction, acute glomerulonephritis, multiple myeloma and rheumatoid arthritis.Results reflect different patterns for each of the disease condition.There was generalized decrease in albumin concentration except for post hepatic obstruction while cirrhosis elucidated two potent markers, a unique Beta() -Gamma () fusion in one case and a high elevation of the gamma which spread to the Beta leaving a gap (juvenile cirrhosis).We quantitated the albumin by the bromocresyl green method and the total protein by the Biuret method to support the electropherogram obtained.Inclusion of serum protein electrophoresis will give integrity to differential diagnosis in organ derangement.
<title>Advancement and application of HD-WDM technology in China</title> (1996)

The amplified WDM optical fiber communication systems are developed in Peking University, Tsinghua University and Wuhan Institute of Posts and Telecommunications etc. in China. Some problems on the system technology are researched. A field trial of the system is under way.
Functional organization of the human 4D Nucleome (2015)

The 4D organization of the interphase nucleus, or the 4D Nucleome (4DN), reflects a dynamical interaction between 3D genome structure and function and its relationship to phenotype. We present initial analyses of the human 4DN, capturing genome-wide structure using chromosome conformation capture and 3D imaging, and function using RNA-sequencing. We introduce a quantitative index that measures underlying topological stability of a genomic region. Our results show that structural features of genomic regions correlate with function with surprising persistence over time. Furthermore, constructing genome-wide gene-level contact maps aided in identifying gene pairs with high potential for coregulation and colocalization in a manner consistent with expression via transcription factories. We additionally use 2D phase planes to visualize patterns in 4DN data. Finally, we evaluated gene pairs within a circadian gene module using 3D imaging, and found periodicity in the movement of clock circadian regulator and period circadian clock 2 relative to each other that followed a circadian rhythm and entrained with their expression.
John Hageman's factor and deep‐vein thrombosis: Leiden Thrombophilia Study (1994)

Because the relationship between factor XII deficiency and venous thrombosis is unclear and study results seem contradictory, we undertook a population-based case-control study. Among 350 unselected patients younger than 70 years, with a first, objectively confirmed, episode of deep-vein thrombosis and without underlying malignant disease we detected a 6% frequency (21/350 patients) of factor XII deficiency (activity level < 57%). Among 350 healthy control subjects, matched for age and sex, the frequency was 5% (18 subjects). Thus there is no increase in prevalence of factor XII deficiency among thrombosis patients and no increase in thrombosis risk for subjects with low factor XII levels (matched odds ratio 1.2 (95% CI 0.6-2.4)). In addition, there was no relation between strata of factor XII levels and thrombosis risk. In conclusion, we do not consider factor XII to be a determinant of deep-vein thrombosis.
Activated platelets induce Weibel-Palade–body secretion and leukocyte rolling in vivo: role of P-selectin (2005)

The presence of activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in the circulation accompanies major surgical procedures and occurs in several chronic diseases. Recent findings that activated platelets contribute to the inflammatory disease atherosclerosis made us address the question whether activated platelets stimulate normal healthy endothelium. Infusion of activated platelets into young mice led to the formation of transient platelet-leukocyte aggregates and resulted in a several-fold systemic increase in leukocyte rolling 2 to 4 hours after infusion. Rolling returned to baseline levels 7 hours after infusion. Infusion of activated P-selectin-/- platelets did not induce leukocyte rolling, indicating that platelet P-selectin was involved in the endothelial activation. The endothelial activation did not require platelet CD40L. Leukocyte rolling was mediated solely by the interaction of endothelial P-selectin and leukocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Endothelial P-selectin is stored with von Willebrand factor (VWF) in Weibel-Palade bodies. The release of Weibel-Palade bodies on infusion of activated platelets was indicated by both elevation of plasma VWF levels and by an increase in the in vivo staining of endothelial P-selectin. We conclude that the presence of activated platelets in circulation promotes acute inflammation by stimulating secretion of Weibel-Palade bodies and P-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling.
Measurement of hemicellulase activities: Part I Xylanases (1987)

Abstract
Activities of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 genes specifying nonsense peptides (1987)

Synthetic oligonucleotide linkers containing translational termination codons in all possible reading frames were inserted at various positions in the cloned gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early regulatory protein, ICP4. It was determined that the amino-terminal 60 percent of the ICP4 gene was sufficient for trans-induction of a thymidine kinase promoter-CAT chimera (pTKCAT) and negative regulation of an ICP4 promoter-CAT chimera (pIE3CAT); however, it was relatively inefficient in complementing an ICP4 deletion mutant. The amino-terminal ninety amino acids do not appear to be required for infectivity as reflected by the replication competence of a mutant virus containing a linker insertion at amino acid 12. The size of the ICP4 molecule expressed from the mutant virus was consistent with translational restart at the next methionine codon corresponding to amino acid 90 of the deduced ICP4 amino acid sequence.
Postnatal Development and Isolation of Peroxisomes from Brain (1991)

We analyzed the postnatal peroxisome development in rat brain by measuring the enzyme activities of catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase and beta-oxidation of [1-14C]lignoceric acid. These enzyme activities were higher between 10 and 16 days of postnatal life and then decreased. We developed and compared two different methods for isolation of enriched peroxisomes from 10-day-old rat brain by using a combination of differential and density gradient centrifugation techniques. Peroxisomes in Percoll (self-generating gradient) banded at a density of 1.036 +/- 0.012 g/ml and in Nycodenz continuous gradient at 1.125 +/- 0.014 g/ml. Acyl-CoA oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, L-pipecolic acid oxidase, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activities and activities for the oxidation of very long chain fatty acid (lignoceric acid) were almost exclusively associated with catalase activity (a marker enzyme for peroxisomes) in the gradient. The postnatal increase in peroxisomal activity with the onset of myelination and the presence of enzyme for the biosynthesis of plasmalogens and oxidation of very long chain fatty acid (both predominant constituents of myelin) suggest that brain peroxisomes may play an important role in the assembly and turnover of myelin.
Thermo-Economic Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Recovering Waste Heat Onboard an Offshore Service Vessel (2020)

Recent regulatory developments in the global maritime industry have signalled an increased emphasis on the improvement of energy efficiency onboard ships. Among the various efficiency enhancement options, recovering waste heat using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been studied and identified as a promising one in many earlier studies. In this paper, a marine application of ORC for waste heat recovery will be discussed by performing the first law thermodynamic analysis based on the operating profile and machinery design data of an offshore service vessel (OSV) and defining four standard cycle configurations that include simple, recuperated, dual heat source, and with intermediate heating. The use of five hydrocarbon working fluids that are suitable for shipboard usage comprising cyclopentane, n-heptane, n-octane, methanol and ethanol are examined. The economic analysis found that annual fuel saving between 5% and 9% is possible and estimated a specific installation cost of $5000–8000 USD/kW. Among the various options, the methanol ORC in a simple cycle configuration is found to have the shortest payback time relatively balancing between annual fuel saving and total module cost. Finally, the simple cycle ORC running on methanol is further examined using the second law entropy generation analysis and it is found that the heat exchangers in the system accounted for nearly 95% of the overall entropy generation rate and further work is recommended to reduce this in the future.
Therapeutic window of MuS110, a single-chain antibody construct bispecific for EpCAM (CD326) and CD3 (2007)

C270 EpCAM (CD326) is a well studied tumor-associated antigen that is frequently expressed at high levels on a variety of human adeno and squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, EpCAM has also been found expressed on cancer stem cells from breast, colon, prostate and pancreas tumors. However, like many other tumor-associated antigens used for antibody-based immunotherapeutic approaches, EpCAM is also present on normal tissues including epithelia of pancreas, colon, lung, bile ducts and breast. Sequestration of EpCAM epitopes by associated membrane proteins and within intercellular boundaries of normal epithelia, and its overexpression on some tumors relative to normal tissue may explain the benign safety profile of some but not all EpCAM-directed antibody-based therapies.  MT110 is an EpCAM-/CD3-bispecific single-chain antibody construct with high potency against EpCAM-positive human carcinoma lines. In vivo, eradication in immunodeficient mice of established tumors from human cell lines and of authentic tumor tissue of patients by low µg-doses of MT110 has been reported. Because MT110 is specific for human EpCAM and human CD3, we sought to assess the safety and therapeutic window of this class of bispecific antibodies with a biosimilar molecule. To this end, muS110 (for murine surrogate of MT110) was constructed from the variable domains of two monoclonal antibodies with specificity for mouse EpCAM and mouse CD3. In in-vitro assays, muS110 showed similar bioactivity with murine cells as MT110 with human cells. Immunhistochemical analysis revealed that, with some differences, the expression of EpCAM on a large variety of tissues from man and mouse was comparable with respect to tropism and intensity.  MuS110 exhibited highly significant anti-tumor activity in both syngeneic 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer and CT26 lung cancer mouse models. Administration of muS110 for several weeks at doses exceeding by far the efficacious dose levels was well tolerated, indicating existence of a significant therapeutic window for the EpCAM-specific BiTE molecule. The dose-limiting toxicity of muS110 was related to cytokine release but not to damage of EpCAM-expressing normal tissues. These data show that EpCAM-specific BiTE molecules can distinguish EpCAM expressed on tumor cells from the EpCAM expressed on normal tissue, suggesting that a therapeutic window may also exist for the human-specific BiTE MT110, which is in formal preclinical development for the treatment of patients with EpCAM-expressing adenocarcinoma.
Controlled Synthesis of Semiconductor PbS Nanocrystals and Nanowires Inside Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Phase (2001)

A new flexible approach is developed to fabricate uniform nanocrystals and nanowires of binary compound semiconductor PbS inside the channels of mesoporous silica SBA-15. The approach combines functionalization of the channel surface with thiol groups, absorption of Pb2+, and heating in N2 atmosphere at high temperature. The separate introduction of thiol groups and Pb2+ makes the loading of a binary compound efficient and as easy as the loading of a single element. The nanocrystals are uniform and their sizes (5 nm) are consistent with the diameter of mesoporous SBA-15. The diameter of the PbS nanowires is about 6 nm and the length is several hundred nanometers. TEM images first intuitively confirm the formation of binary sulfide nanocrystals and nanowires dispersing uniformly inside the channels of mesoporous SBA-15. The key for transition from nanocrystals to nanowires is to increase the amount of the Si−OH group on the channel surface of SBA-15, and ethanol extraction proves to be effective to keep large amount of Si−OH groups during removing of the block copolymer. A massive blue shift is observed in photoluminescence spectra, and this clearly shows the quantum size effects of the PbS nanocrystals and nanowires.
EMLA (1992)

A eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) contains 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine in an oil and water emulsion and has been found to give effective, safe analgesia on normal and diseased skin, making it useful for numerous medical and surgical procedures, such as anesthesia for superficial surgery, split-thickness skin grafts, venipuncture, argon laser treatment, epilation, and debridement of infected ulcers. Other indications have included use in postherpetic neuralgia, hyperhidrosis, painful ulcers, and inhibition of itching and burning. To be effective, EMLA should ideally be applied to the desired area for at least 1 hour under an occlusive dressing. The medication has been approved since May 1991 in Canada for use on intact skin and has been available in Europe for many years. This study discusses the background, efficacy, and current and potential uses of EMLA.
Subanosecond pixel rendering with million transistor chips (1988)

The desire for higher performance and higher resolution continuously increases the pixel update rates needed in high performance graphics systems. The increasing density of memory chips on the other hand reduces the pixel update rate that can be provided by the frame buffer. We present the design of a VLSI chip and a graphics system that can sustain sub-nanosecond pixel rendering rates for three-dimensional polygons and can be used to render about a million Z-Buffered and Gourard shaded polygons per second. The chip has been designed at the IBM Research Division's Thomas J. Watson Research Center.
Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis (1991)

Three proteins, protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF; a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase), compose the lethal (PA + LF) and edema (PA + EF) toxins secreted by Bacillus anthracis. Mutant strains, each deficient in the production of one toxin component, were constructed, and their virulence was then studied. A kanamycin resistance cassette was inserted in each cya (encoding EF) and lef (encoding LF) gene, and the constructs were separately introduced into B. anthracis Sterne on a mobilizable shuttle plasmid. An EF- strain and an LF- strain were then isolated after homologous recombination with the resident toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Spores from these mutants and from a previously constructed PA- mutant were used to inoculate mice, and the lethality and local edema formation were monitored. LF- or PA- mutants were not lethal even at high inocula, whereas the EF- mutant induced lethal infections. This indicates that LF in combination with PA is a key virulence factor required for lethality. Skin edema formation was observed with the LF- mutant, which produces only the combination of PA and EF. However, EF- and LF- mutants were significantly less efficient at inducing, respectively, lethality and edema than was the parental Sterne strain. These results suggest that the three toxin components might act synergistically in vivo to cause lethality and edema formation.
Serum Cholesterol in Young Men and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease (1993)

These findings indicate a strong association between the serum cholesterol level measured early in adult life in men and cardiovascular disease in midlife.
Transplantation of glial cells enhances action potential conduction of amyelinated spinal cord axons in the myelin-deficient rat. (1994)

A central issue in transplantation research is to determine how and when transplantation of neural tissue can influence the development and function of the mammalian central nervous system. Of particular interest is whether electrophysiological function in the traumatized or diseased mammalian central nervous system can be improved by the replacement of cellular elements that are missing or damaged. Although it is known that transplantation of neural tissue can lead to functional improvement in models of neurological disease characterized by neuronal loss, less is known about results of transplantation in disorders of myelin. We report here that transplantation of glial cells into the dorsal columns of neonatal myelin-deficient rat spinal cords leads to myelination and a 3-fold increase in conduction velocity. We also show that impulses can propagate into and out of the transplant region and that axons myelinated by transplanted cells do not have impaired frequency-response properties. These results demonstrate that myelination following central nervous system glial cell transplantation enhances action potential conduction in myelin-deficient axons, with conduction velocity approaching normal values.
Cine MPR: interactive multiplanar reformatting of four-dimensional cardiac data using hardware-accelerated texture mapping (2003)

Four-dimensional (4-D) imaging to capture the three-dimensional (3-D) structure and motion of the heart in real time is an emerging trend. We present here our method of interactive multiplanar reformatting (MPR), i.e., the ability to visualize any chosen anatomical cross section of 4-D cardiac images and to change its orientation smoothly while maintaining the original heart motion. Continuous animation to show the time-varying 3-D geometry of the heart and smooth dynamic manipulation of the reformatted planes, as well as large image size (100-300 MB), make MPR challenging. Our solution exploits the hardware acceleration of 3-D texture mapping capability of high-end commercial PC graphics boards. Customization of volume subdivision and caching concepts to periodic cardiac data allows us to use this hardware effectively and efficiently. We are able to visualize and smoothly interact with real-time 3-D ultrasound cardiac images at the desired frame rate (25 Hz). The developed methods are applicable to MPR of one or more 3-D and 4-D medical images, including 4-D cardiac images collected in a gated fashion.
Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis by the Transcription Factor XBP1 (2008)

Dietary carbohydrates regulate hepatic lipogenesis by controlling the expression of critical enzymes in glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. We found that the transcription factor XBP1, a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, is required for the unrelated function of normal fatty acid synthesis in the liver. XBP1 protein expression in mice was elevated after feeding carbohydrates and corresponded with the induction of critical genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Inducible, selective deletion of XBP1 in the liver resulted in marked hypocholesterolemia and hypotriglyceridemia, secondary to a decreased production of lipids from the liver. This phenotype was not accompanied by hepatic steatosis or compromise in protein secretory function. The identification of XBP1 as a regulator of lipogenesis has important implications for human dyslipidemias.