gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured origami&#x2122; folding of patternable resist for 3D lithography (2010)

A new method to fold free standing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist using e-beam exposure is developed and demonstrated. The results prove controllable folding of the patterned PMMA. An explanation of the folding mechanism is proposed based on experimental characterization and theoretical analysis. 3D lithography is achieved by attaching the patterned resist on an adjacent side wall by folding. Patterns are effectively transferred by depositing metal followed by a lift-off process.
MULTI-LAYER EMBEDMENT OF CONDUCTIVE AND NON-CONDUCTIVE PDMS FOR ALL-ELASTOMER MEMS (2006)

PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer is widely used in MEMS. However, PDMS is non-conductive and as a result is used in mostly structural applications.
An efficient genetic algorithm with less fitness evaluation by clustering (2002)

To solve a general problem with genetic algorithms, it is desirable to maintain the population size as large as possible. In some cases, however, the cost to evaluate each individual is relatively high, and it is difficult to maintain a large population. To solve this problem, we propose a hybrid GA based on clustering, which considerably reduces the evaluation number without any loss of performance. The algorithm divides the whole population into several clusters, and evaluates only one representative for each cluster. The fitness values of other individuals are estimated from the representative fitness values indirectly, which can maintain a large population with less number of evaluations. Several benchmark tests have been conducted and the results show that the proposed GA is very efficient.
Acute and sub-acute effect of ferric carboxymaltose on inflammation and adhesion molecules in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. (2013)

Treatment with high doses of FCM in patients with predialysis CKD has no proinflammatory effect and does not alter levels of adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM in this population.
Pseudohalide‐Induced Moisture Tolerance in Perovskite CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I Thin Films (2015)

Two pseudohalide thiocyanate ions (SCN(-) ) have been used to replace two iodides in CH3 NH3 PbI3 , and the resulting perovskite material was used as the active material in solar cells. In accelerated stability tests, the CH3 NH3 Pb(SCN)2 I perovskite films were shown to be superior to the conventional CH3 NH3 PbI3 films as no significant degradation was observed after the film had been exposed to air with a relative humidity of 95 % for over four hours, whereas CH3 NH3 PbI3 films degraded in less than 1.5 hours. Solar cells based on CH3 NH3 Pb(SCN)2 I thin films exhibited an efficiency of 8.3 %, which is comparable to that of CH3 NH3 PbI3 based cells fabricated in the same way.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST): What is in a name and what isn't? (2011)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging contrast approach in which exogenous or endogenous compounds containing either exchangeable protons or exchangeable molecules are selectively saturated and after transfer of this saturation, detected indirectly through the water signal with enhanced sensitivity. The focus of this review is on basic magnetic resonance principles underlying CEST and similarities to and differences with conventional magnetization transfer contrast. In CEST magnetic resonance imaging, transfer of magnetization is studied in mobile compounds instead of semisolids. Similar to magnetization transfer contrast, CEST has contributions of both chemical exchange and dipolar cross-relaxation, but the latter can often be neglected if exchange is fast. Contrary to magnetization transfer contrast, CEST imaging requires sufficiently slow exchange on the magnetic resonance time scale to allow selective irradiation of the protons of interest. As a consequence, magnetic labeling is not limited to radio-frequency saturation but can be expanded with slower frequency-selective approaches such as inversion, gradient dephasing and frequency labeling. The basic theory, design criteria, and experimental issues for exchange transfer imaging are discussed. A new classification for CEST agents based on exchange type is proposed. The potential of this young field is discussed, especially with respect to in vivo application and translation to humans.
High-performance dynamic pattern matching over disordered streams (2010)

Current pattern-detection proposals for streaming data recognize the need to move beyond a simple regular-expression model over strictly ordered input. We continue in this direction, relaxing restrictions present in some models, removing the requirement for ordered input, and permitting stream revisions (modification of prior events). Further, recognizing that patterns of interest in modern applications may change frequently over the lifetime of a query, we support updating of a pattern specification without blocking input or restarting the operator. Our new pattern operator (called AFA) is a streaming adaptation of a non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) where additional schema-based user-defined information, called a register , is accessible to NFA transitions during execution. AFAs support dynamic patterns, where the pattern itself can change over time. We propose clean order-agnostic pattern-detection semantics for AFAs, with new algorithms that allow a very efficient implementation, while retaining significant expressiveness and supporting native handling of out-of-order input, stream revisions, dynamic patterns, and several optimizations. Experiments on Microsoft StreamInsight show that we achieve event rates of more than 200K events/sec (up to 5x better than simpler schemes). Our dynamic patterns give up to orders-of-magnitude better throughput than solutions such as operator restart, and our other optimizations are very effective, incurring low memory and latency.
Biomass to hydrogen via fast pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming (2018)

Fast pyrolysis of biomass results in a pyrolytic oil which is a mixture of (a) carbohydrate-derived acids, aldehydes and polyols, (b) lignin-derived substituted phenolics, and (c) extractives-derived terpenoids and fatty acids. The conversion of this pyrolysis oil into H{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} is thermodynamically favored under appropriate steam reforming conditions. Our efforts have focused in understanding the catalysis of steam reforming which will lead to a successful process at reasonable steam/carbon ratios arid process severities. The experimental work, carried out at the laboratory and bench scale levels, has centered on the performance of Ni-based catalysts using model compounds as prototypes of the oxygenates present in the pyrolysis oil. Steam reforming of acetic acid, hydroxyacetaldehyde, furfural and syringol has been proven to proceed rapidly within a reasonable range of severities. Time-on-stream studies are now underway using a fixed bed barometric pressure reactor to ascertain the durability of the catalysts and thus substantiate the scientific and technical feasibility of the catalytic reforming option. Economic analyses are being carried out in parallel to determine the opportunity zones for the combined fast pyrolysis/steam reforming approach. A discussion on the current state of the project is presented.
A novel electrochemical DNAzyme sensor for the amplified detection of Pb2+ ions (2010)

A novel amplification strategy based on DNAzyme functionalized gold nanoparticles was employed to enhance the sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor for detection of Pb2+. The detection limit is 0.028 nM, which is much lower than for other electrochemical DNAzyme sensors.
Identification of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins associated with metastasis and functional analysis of FER in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2009)

The identification of pTyr proteins and signaling pathways associated with HCC metastasis could provide useful information for selecting new molecular intervention targets. Moreover, FER might serve as a novel drug target in future HCC therapy.
Analysis ofPseudomonas aeruginosaConditional Psl Variants Reveals Roles for the Psl Polysaccharide in Adhesion and Maintaining Biofilm Structure Postattachment (2006)

The ability to form biofilms in the airways of people suffering from cystic fibrosis is a critical element of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. The 15-gene psl operon encodes a putative polysaccharide that plays an important role in biofilm initiation in nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains. Biofilm initiation by a P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain with disruption of pslA and pslB (DeltapslAB) was severely compromised, indicating that psl has a role in cell-surface interactions. In this study, we investigated the adherence properties of this DeltapslAB mutant using biotic surfaces (epithelial cells and mucin-coated surfaces) and abiotic surfaces. Our results showed that psl is required for attachment to a variety of surfaces, independent of the carbon source. To study the potential roles of Psl apart from attachment, we generated a psl-inducible P. aeruginosa strain (Deltapsl/p(BAD)-psl) by replacing the psl promoter region with araC-p(BAD), so that expression of psl could be controlled by addition of arabinose. Analysis of biofilms formed by the Deltapsl/p(BAD)-psl strain indicated that expression of the psl operon is required to maintain the biofilm structure at steps postattachment. Overproduction of the Psl polysaccharide led to enhanced cell-surface and intercellular adhesion of P. aeruginosa. This translated into significant changes in the architecture of the biofilm. We propose that Psl has an important role in P. aeruginosa adhesion, which is critical for initiation and maintenance of the biofilm structure.
Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in adult hospital inpatients in 53 countries: results of an internet-based global point prevalence survey (2018)

bioMérieux.
Circulating Fibrocytes Are an Indicator of Poor Prognosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2009)

Fibrocytes are an indicator for disease activity of IPF and might be useful as a clinical marker for disease progression. This study suggests that quantification of circulating fibrocytes may allow prediction of early mortality in patients with IPF.
A Theoretical Study on Interface Characteristics of SiC Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Using Ultrasonics (1994)

It is well recognized recently that ultrasonic technique is one of the most widely used methods of nondestructive evaluation to characterize material properties of nonconventional engineering materials. Therefore it is very important to understand physical phenomenon on propagation behavior of elastic wave in these materials, which is directly associated with ultrasonic signals in the test. In this study, the theoretical analysis on multi-scattering of harmonic elastic wave due to the particulate with interface between matrix and fiber in metal matrix composites(MMCs) was done on the basis of Lax's quasi-crystalline approximation and extinction theorem. SiC particulate (SiCp) reinforced A16061-T6 composite material was chosen for this analysis. From this analysis, frequency dependences of phase velocity and amplitude attenuation of effective plane wave due to the change of volume fraction of SiC particulate were clearly found. It was also shown that the interface condition between matrix and fiber in MMCs gives a direct effect on the variation of phase velocity of plane wave in MMCs.
Combination of nitroxide‐mediated polymerization and SET‐LRP for the synthesis of high molar mass branched and star‐branched poly(n‐butyl acrylate) characterized by size exclusion chromatography and rheology (2012)

Abstract Branched and star‐branched polymers were successfully synthesized by the combination of two successive controlled radical polymerization methods. A series of linear and star poly( n ‐butyl acrylate)‐ co ‐poly(2‐(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy) ethyl acrylate) statistical copolymers, P( n BA‐ co ‐BIEA) x , were first synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP at T &gt; 100 °C). The subsequent polymerization of n ‐butyl acrylate by single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP at T = 25 °C), initiated from the brominated sites of the P( n BA‐ co ‐BIEA) x copolymer, produced branched or star‐branched poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) (P n BA). Both types of polymerizations (NMP and SET‐LRP) exhibited features of a controlled polymerization with linear evolutions of logarithmic conversion versus time and number‐average molar masses versus conversion for final M n superior to 80,000 g mol −1 . The branched and star‐branched architectures with high molar mass and low number of branches were fully characterized by size exclusion chromatography. The Mark–Houwink Sakurada relationship and the analysis of the contraction factor ( g ′ = ([η] branched /[η] linear ) M ) confirmed the elaboration of complex P n BA. The zero‐shear viscosities of the linear, star‐shaped, branched, and star‐branched polymers were compared. The modeling of the rheological properties confirmed the synthesis of the branched architectures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Biodegradable Paclitaxel-loaded Nanoparticles and Stent Coatings as Local Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Restenosis (2004)

Despite improved technologies restenosis remains the main problem of catheter-based interventions after a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in artery disease. Local and sustained application of antiproliferative agents is a promising approach to solve the problem of intimal hyperplasia. In recent years, two different concepts for local drug delivery have attained increased importance: On the one hand, colloidal drug carriers, which can be infused directly into the vessel wall during the angioplasty procedure using special delivery catheters and on the other hand, the development of drug eluting stents. Biocompatible, biodegradable polymers are one of the most important instruments used to control the release of pharmacological active substances. A new type of branched, biodegradable polyesters, poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PVA-g-PLGA), possesses very interesting features for the local and sustained release of paclitaxel. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate these polymers with regard to the preparation of paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles and stent coatings, and to evaluate their applicability as drug carriers to prevent intimal hyperplasia.
The Regulation and Functional Consequence of Proinflammatory Cytokine Binding on Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1998)

Products of an activated immune system may affect cells within the immune system as well as nonlymphoid cells in the local environment. Given the immunologically activated state of the intestinal tract, it is conceivable that locally produced cytokines could regulate epithelial cell function. To assess whether epithelial cells are targets for particular cytokines, we initiated studies on the binding of a panel of proinflammatory cytokines in freshly isolated epithelial cells from normal and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients as well as in cell lines. Isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) were stained with phycoerythrin-conjugated or biotinylated cytokines to determine the expression and density of receptors for IL-1beta, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), and TNF-alpha. Receptors for IL-1beta, IL-6, and GM-CSF were readily detectable in all epithelial cell preparations at levels equal to (GM-CSFR) or lower than those seen on monocytes. However TNFalpha-R were not detectable on freshly isolated IECs. Receptor density was greater in surface vs crypt epithelial cells, but no significant differences were seen between normal and IBD epithelial cells. Expression of IL-1R and IL-6R was enhanced by LPS and IFN-gamma. Functionally, IL-1beta enhanced proliferation of the IEC cell line, DLD1, whereas GM-CSF treatment of de-differentiated crypt-like DLD1 and HT29 cells resulted in enhanced expression of ICAM-1. Furthermore, TNF-alpha treatment enhanced the secretion of IL-8 and GRO-alpha in HT29 cells, but not in freshly isolated IEC cultures. The differential binding and function of proinflammatory cytokines on IEC support the hypothesis that these cytokines may be involved in normal physiological processes as well as in regulating mucosal immune responses.
Artificial neural networks based models for automatic performance of musical scores (1998)

Abstract This article briefly summarises the author's research on automatic performance, started at CSC (Centro di Sonologia Computazionale, University of Padua) and continued at TMH‐KTH (Speech, Music Hearing Department at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm). The focus is on the evolution of the architecture of an artificial neural networks (ANNs) framework, from the first simple model, able to learn the KTH performance rules, to the final one, that accurately simulates the style of a real pianist performer, including time and loudness deviations. The task was to analyse and synthesise the performance process of a professional pianist, playing on a Disklavier. An automatic analysis extracts all performance parameters of the pianist, starting from the KTH rule system. The system possesses good generalisation properties: applying the same ANN, it is possible to perform different scores in the performing style used for the training of the networks. Brief descriptions of the program Melodia and of the two Java applets Japer and Jalisper are given in the Appendix. In Melodia, developed at the CSC, the user can run either rules or ANNs, and study their different effects. Japer and Jalisper, developed at TMH, implement in real time on the web the performance rules developed at TMH plus new features achieved by using ANNs.
Low-temperature (10-300 K) characterization of MOVPE-grown vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1995)

Experimental results from the low-temperature characterization of AlGaAs-based, MOVPE-grown VCSEL's are reported. Evaluations focus on 830-nm (300 K) wavelength devices, showing continuous lasing over the entire 300-10 K measurement range with threshold currents from 3.6 mA (300 K) to 10.7 mA (10 K), and an /spl ap/0.6 /spl Aring///spl deg/C wavelength shift. Gain-resonance alignment for 830-nm devices occurred between 200-225 K with 1.6 mA minimum threshold current at 1.6 V. 817-nm VCSEL's with 4.5 mA threshold at 300 K achieved submilliamp (0.8 mA) minimum threshold current near 125 K, representing a record low threshold current density of 250 A/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Image-Guided Breast Tumor Therapy Using a Small Interfering RNA Nanodrug (2010)

Iron oxide nanoparticles offer a feasible tool for combined imaging and delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumors, stimulating active interest in exploring different imaging and delivery platforms suitable for detection by a variety of modalities. In this study, we describe the synthesis and testing of a tumor-targeted nanodrug (MN-EPPT-siBIRC5) that is designed to specifically shuttle siRNA to human breast tumors. The nanodrug binds the tumor-specific antigen uMUC-1, which is found in >90% of human breast adenocarcinomas. MN-EPPT-siBIRC5 consists of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], the dye Cy 5.5 (for near-IR optical imaging), peptides (EPPT) that specifically target uMUC-1, and a synthetic siRNA that targets the tumor-specific antiapoptotic gene BIRC5. Nanodrug uptake by human breast adenocarcinoma cells resulted in a significant downregulation of BIRC5. Following i.v. delivery into subcutaneous mouse models of breast cancer, the nanodrug showed a preferential tumor uptake, which could be visualized by MRI and near-IR optical imaging. Furthermore, MRI could be used to quantitatively monitor nanodrug bioavailability in the tumor tissue throughout the course of treatment. Intravenous injection of the agent once a week over 2 weeks resulted in the induction of considerable levels of necrosis and apoptosis in the tumors, translating into a significant decrease in tumor growth rate. Our strategy permits the simultaneous tumor-specific delivery of siRNA to tumors and the imaging of the delivery process. More generally, it illustrates the potential to apply this approach to many human cancer studies, including for basic tumor biology and therapy.
Sequence and properties of comQ, a new competence regulatory gene of Bacillus subtilis (1991)

The sequence and properties of the comQ gene are described. comQ was predicted to encode a 34,209-Da protein, and the product of comQ was shown to be required for the development of genetic competence. The apparent transcriptional initiation and termination sites of comQ were mapped, and the location of a likely E sigma A promoter was inferred. The expression of comQ was maximal early in growth and declined as the cells approached the stationary phase. This expression was not dependent on any of the competence regulatory genes tested (comA, comP, sin, abrB, degU, and spo0A). Disruption of comQ in the chromosome prevented the development of competence as well as the transcription of comG, a late competence operon. This disruption also decreased the expression of srfA, a regulatory operon needed for the expression of competence. These and other results suggest a role for ComQ early in the hierarchy of competence regulatory genes, probably as a component of a signal transduction system.
Study and implementation of complementary Golay sequences for PAR reduction in OFDM signals (2003)

Some results of PAR reduction in OFDM signals and error correction capabilities by using complementary Golay sequences are presented. This results have been obtained by simulations and later we have implemented this technique in a DSP. Simulation results show a PAR of 3 dB; however, physical results produce a PAR of 6 dB. Also, an algorithm for generation of Golay base sequences on the fly is proposed.
Monolayer graphene as a saturable absorber in a mode-locked laser (2010)

We demonstrate that the intrinsic properties of monolayer graphene allow it to act as a more effective saturable absorber for mode-locking fiber lasers when compared to multilayer graphene. The absorption of monolayer graphene can be saturated at lower excitation intensity compared to multilayer graphene, graphene with wrinkle-like defects, or functionalized graphene. Monolayer graphene has a remarkably large modulation depth of 65.9%, whereas the modulation depth of multilayer graphene is greatly reduced due to nonsaturable absorption and scattering loss. Picosecond ultrafast laser pulses (1.23 ps) can be generated using monolayer graphene as a saturable absorber. Due to the ultrafast relaxation time, larger modulation depth and lower scattering loss of monolayer graphene, it performs better than multilayer graphene in terms of pulse shaping ability, pulse stability, and output energy.