gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 60 GHz InGaP/GaAs HBT push-push MMIC VCO (2003)

A fully integrated 60 GHz push-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. The VCO is realized using a commercially available InGsP/GsAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology with an f/sub T/ of 60 GHz and an f/sub MAX/ of 110 GHz. To generate negative resistance, common base inductive feedback topology is used. Push-push configuration is employed to achieve high oscillation frequency of V-band. The presented push-push VCO provides the oscillation frequency of 60 GHz. This is very close to the predicted oscillation frequency owing to the EM simulation of the microstrip line resonator and inductor. The peak output power is -4 dBm. The phase noise is -93 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency of the push-push signal of 60 GHz and -102 dBc/Hz for the fundamental frequency of 30 GHz. The wide frequency tuning range is achieved about 1.6 GHz. The small chip of 0.90 /spl times/ 0.87 mm/sup 2/ is also achieved with the layout consideration.
Withdrawal of Fenoterol and the End of the New Zealand Asthma Mortality Epidemic (1995)

In response to the evidence that fenoterol was a major cause for the second epidemic of asthma deaths in New Zealand, the Department of Health severely restricted its availability, thereby allowing an 'experiment in prevention' to be undertaken. These regulatory actions, which effectively removed fenoterol from the market in New Zealand, were associated with a sudden and marked reduction in asthma mortality, providing further evidence for a causative role of fenoterol in the epidemic of asthma deaths in New Zealand.
Deaths: leading causes for 2004. (2007)

In 2004, the 10 leading causes of death were (in rank order) Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms; Cerebrovascular diseases; Chronic lower respiratory diseases; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Diabetes mellitus; Alzheimer's disease; Influenza and pneumonia; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis; and Septicemia and accounted for about 78 percent of all deaths occurring in the United States. Differences in the ranking are evident by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant death for 2004 were (in rank order) Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; Sudden infant death syndrome; Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes; Respiratory distress of newborn; Bacterial sepsis of newborn; Neonatal hemorrhage; and Diseases of the circulatory system. Important variation in the leading causes of infant death is noted for the neonatal and postneonatal periods.
Characterization of nra, a global negative regulator gene in group A streptococci (1999)

During sequencing of an 11.5 kb genomic region of a serotype M49 group A streptococcal (GAS) strain, a series of genes were identified including nra(negative regulator of GAS). Transcriptional analysis of the region revealed that nra was primarily monocistronically transcribed. Polycistronic expression was found for the three open reading frames (ORFs) downstream and for the four ORFs upstream of nra. The deduced Nra protein sequence exhibited 62% homology to the GAS RofA positive regulator. In contrast to RofA, Nra was found to be a negative regulator of its own expression and that of the two adjacent operons by analysis of insertional inactivation mutants. By polymerase chain reaction and hybridization assays of 10 different GAS serotypes, the genomic presence of nra, rofA or both was demonstrated. Nra-regulated genes include the fibronectin-binding protein F2 gene (prtF2) and a novel collagen-binding protein (cpa). The Cpa polypeptide was purified as a recombinant maltose-binding protein fusion and shown to bind type I collagen but not fibronectin. In accordance with nra acting as a negative regulator of prtF2 and cpa, levels of attachment of the nra mutant strain to immobilized collagen and fibronectin was increased above wild-type levels. In addition, nra was also found to regulate negatively (four- to 16-fold) the global positive regulator gene, mga. Using a strain carrying a chromosomally integrated duplication of the nra 3' end and an nra-luciferase reporter gene transcriptional fusion, nra expression was observed to reach its maximum during late logarithmic growth phase, while no significant influence of atmospheric conditions could be distinguished clearly.
Proposed standard for message header munging (1983)

This memo proposes a standard for the ARPA Internet community. If this proposal is adopted, hosts on the ARPA Internet that do message
Fat Grafting for Pedal Fat Pad Atrophy in a 2-Year, Prospective, Randomized, Crossover, Single-Center Clinical Trial (2018)

Therapeutic, I.
Long time implosion experiments with double gas puffs (2000)

Long time implosion experiments with argon double gas puffs have been conducted on the GIT-12 [S. P. Bugaev et al., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fiz. 40, 38 (1997)] generator at the current level of 2.2–2.4 MA. A double gas puff was used as one of the alternative ways to improve implosion stability at implosion times from 230 to 340 ns. The results of these experiments were compared with two-dimensional snowplow simulations. The experiments and the simulations show that the final pinch is sufficiently stable when the inner-to-outer shell mass ratio is greater than 1. The maximum argon K-shell yield obtained in the experiments is 740 J/cm with 220 GW/cm radiation power. At the long implosion times, the K-shell yield obtained in the double gas puff implosion is twice the K-shell yield of a 4-cm-radius single gas puff, with more than an order of magnitude increase in radiation power.
Impact of MAPK Pathway Activation in BRAFV600 Melanoma on T Cell and Dendritic Cell Function (2013)

Constitutive upregulation of the MAPK pathway by a BRAF(V600) mutation occurs in about half of melanomas. This leads to increased oncogenic properties such as tumor cell invasion, metastatic potential, and resistance to apoptosis. Blockade of the MAPK pathway with highly specific kinase inhibitors induces unprecedented tumor response rates in patients with advanced BRAF(V600) mutant melanoma. Immune checkpoint blockade with monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programed death-1/PD-L1 has also demonstrated striking anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma. Tumor responses are likely limited by multiple additional layers of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. There is emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that MAPK inhibition has a beneficial effect on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, providing a strong rationale for combined immunotherapy and MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma. The T cell response has been the main focus in the studies reported to date. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are important in the induction of tumor-specific T cell responses, the impact of MAPK pathway activation in melanoma on DC function is critical for the melanoma directed immune response. BRAF(V600E) melanoma cells modulate DCs through the MAPK pathway because its blockade in melanoma cells can reverse suppression of DC function. As both MEK/BRAF inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade have recently taken center stage in the treatment of melanoma, a deeper understanding of how MAPK pathway inhibition affects the tumor immune response is needed.
Ratio of ryanodine to dihydropyridine receptors in cardiac and skeletal muscle and implications for E-C coupling (1993)

We measured dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RYR) density in isolated ventricular myocytes from rabbits, rats, ferrets, and guinea pigs and also from rabbit ventricular homogenate, skeletal muscle homogenate, and isolated triads. In skeletal muscle homogenate and triads the RYR/DHPR ratio was 0.7 and 0.52, respectively. This stoichiometry is reasonably consistent with excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling models in skeletal muscle where the DHPR molecule itself may transmit the signal for Ca release to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and with the molecular arrangement proposed for toadfish swimbladder from ultrastructural studies by B. A. Block, T. Imagawa, K. P. Campbell, and C. Franzini-Armstrong. (J. Cell Biol. 107: 2587-2600, 1988). That is, there could be approximately two RYR for each four DHPR or two RYR feet per DHPR tetrad in an organized array (assuming 1 high-affinity RYR/foot and 4 DHPR/tetrad). The fraction of rabbit ventricular protein that is cardiac myocyte protein was also estimated (< or = 55-62%), assuming that RYR and DHPR are useful but not exclusive markers for myocytes in the ventricle. In cardiac myocytes the RYR/DHPR was much higher than in skeletal muscle and varied among different mammalian myocytes. The RYR/DHPR ratios were 3.7 in rabbit, 4.3 in guinea pig, 7.3 in rat, and 10.2 in ferret myocytes. In contrast to skeletal muscle, these results indicate that there are many more RYR feet per DHPR in cardiac muscle, and this ratio depends on species (i.e., 4-10 times and would be 4 times higher still per putative DHPR tetrad if that structure exists in mammalian heart).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Orthogonal Multipolar Interactions in Structural Chemistry and Biology (2005)

The past few decades of molecular recognition studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge on apolar, ion-dipole, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, much less attention has been given to the role that multipolar interactions, in particular those with orthogonal dipolar alignment, play in organizing a crystal lattice or stabilizing complexes involving biological receptors. By using results from database mining, this review attempts to give an overview of types and structural features of these previously rather overlooked interactions. A number of illustrative examples of these interactions found in X-ray crystal structures of small molecules and protein-ligand complexes demonstrate their propensity and thus potential importance for both, chemical and biological molecular recognition processes.
The Role of Oral Controlled Release Matrix Tablets in Drug Delivery Systems (2012)

Formulations that are able to control the release of drug have become an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry. In particular oral drug delivery has been the focus of pharmaceutical research for many years. This type of drug delivery has been at the centre of research due to its many benefits over conventional dosage. The focus of this review is on matrix tablets due to their widely use and simplicity of the formulation. This includes the discussion of various types of matrix tablets and factors affecting the drug release from these formulations. The mechanism of drug release from HPMC matrices is also discussed.
Dynamics sensor validation for reusable launch vehicle propulsion (1998)

Expert Microsystems teamed with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), a DOE contractor, to develop an innovative dynamics sensor validation system under a Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase I contract with NASA. The project improves launch vehicle mission safety and system dependability by enabling rapid development and cost effective maintenance of embeddable real-time software to reliably detect process-critical sensor failures. The project focused on verifying the feasibility of two innovative software methods developed by ANL to provide high fidelity sensor data validation for nuclear power generating stations, the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) algorithm and the Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) algorithm, as core elements of a commercial Dynamics Sensor Validation System (DSVS). The research verified that ANL algorithms enable highly reliable data validation for high frequency Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) dynamics sensors, such as accelerometers and strain gauges. Phase I culminated in production of a prototype run-time module which validates SSME flight accelerometer data with very high reliability. The resulting sensor validation development system is widely applicable to reusable launch vehicle (RLV) and ground support control and monitoring systems.
Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (1995)

Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week.
Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin1 (2004)

Previous clinical testing of topical niacinamide (vitamin B3) has revealed a broad array of improvements in the appearance of aging facial skin. The study reported here was done to confirm some of those previous observations and to evaluate additional end points such as skin anti-yellowing. Caucasian female subjects (n = 50, aged 40-60 years) participated in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face, left-right randomized clinical study assessing two topical products: moisturizer control product versus the same moisturizer product containing 5% niacinamide. Niacinamide was well tolerated by the skin and provided significant improvements versus control in end points evaluated previously: fine lines/wrinkles, hyperpigmentation spots, texture, and red blotchiness. In addition, skin yellowing (sallowness) versus control was significantly improved. The mechanism by which this array of benefits is achieved with niacinamide is discussed.
In vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) (2004)

In vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is a technique that identifies pathogen antigens that are immunogenic and expressed in vivo during human infection. IVIAT is complementary to other techniques that identify genes and their products expressed in vivo. Genes and gene pathways identified by IVIAT may play a role in virulence or pathogenesis during human infection, and may be appropriate for inclusion in therapeutic, vaccine or diagnostic applications.
Physical Attraction: The Mysteries of Magnetism (2004)

Most people have intuitive associations with the word 'magnetism' based on everyday life: refrigerator magnets, the compass, north and south poles, or someone's 'magnetic personality'. Few people, however, realize how complicated the phenomenon really is, how much research still deals with the topic today, and how much it penetrates our modern industrialized world - from electricity, wireless communication at the speed of light to magnetic sensors in cars and data storage in computers. Stohr's lecture will provide a glimpse at the magic and science behind magnetism: its long history, scientific breakthroughs in its understanding, and its use in our modern society. In the process Stohr will show how research at SSRL/SLAC is addressing some of the forefront issues in magnetism research and technology today.
Removal of Moving Objects from a Street-View Image by Fusing Multiple Image Sequences (2010)

We propose a method to remove moving objects from an in-vehicle camera image sequence by fusing multiple image sequences. Driver assistance systems and services such as Google Street View require images containing no moving object. The proposed scheme consists of three parts: (i) collection of many image sequences along the same route by using vehicles equipped with an omni-directional camera, (ii) temporal and spatial registration of image sequences, and (iii) mosaicing partial images containing no moving object. Experimental results show that 97.3% of the moving object area could be removed by the proposed method.
Let the Avatar Brighten Your Smile: Effects of Enhancing Facial Expressions in Virtual Environments (2016)

Previous studies demonstrated the positive effects of smiling on interpersonal outcomes. The present research examined if enhancing one's smile in a virtual environment could lead to a more positive communication experience. In the current study, participants' facial expressions were tracked and mapped on a digital avatar during a real-time dyadic conversation. The avatar's smile was rendered such that it was either a slightly enhanced version or a veridical version of the participant's actual smile. Linguistic analyses using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) revealed that participants who communicated with each other via avatars that exhibited enhanced smiles used more positive words to describe their interaction experience compared to those who communicated via avatars that displayed smiling behavior reflecting the participants' actual smiles. In addition, self-report measures showed that participants in the 'enhanced smile' condition felt more positive affect after the conversation and experienced stronger social presence compared to the 'normal smile' condition. These results are particularly striking when considering the fact that most participants (>90%) were unable to detect the smiling manipulation. This is the first study to demonstrate the positive effects of transforming unacquainted individuals' actual smiling behavior during a real-time avatar-networked conversation.
In-frame cloning of large synthetic genes using moderate-size oligonucleotides. (1994)

A method is described that facilitates the cloning of large synthetic genes in plasmid vectors such as pUC and pGEM. This protocol uses unpurified synthetic oligonucleotides of moderate length (ca. 50-90 bp) to construct larger DNA molecules by a reiterative, directional cloning procedure. Open reading frames are maintained by the flexible use of six-base pair blunt-end restriction sites that are not present in the DNA sequence of the plasmid cloning vector. Rapid production and analysis of plasmid intermediates are achieved by standard recombinant DNA cloning methods. The use of an anchored sticky-end restriction site and a variable blunt-end restriction site in each step of the cloning scheme gives specific orientation to each oligonucleotide fragment and results in high cloning efficiencies. The flexibility of the method allows for the construction of a gene of any size. Very large synthetic genes can be made by generating the intermediate gene fragments in parallel vectors and simply cloning the fragments in frame to produce the final construct.
Cardiac regeneration strategies: Staying young at heart (2017)

The human heart is continually operating as a muscular pump, contracting, on average, 80 times per minute to propel 8000 liters of blood through body tissues each day. Whereas damaged skeletal muscle has a profound capacity to regenerate, heart muscle, at least in mammals, has poor regenerative potential. This deficiency is attributable to the lack of resident cardiac stem cells, combined with roadblocks that limit adult cardiomyocytes from entering the cell cycle and completing division. Insights for regeneration have recently emerged from studies of animals with an elevated innate capacity for regeneration, the innovation of stem cell and reprogramming technologies, and a clearer understanding of the cardiomyocyte genetic program and key extrinsic signals. Methods to augment heart regeneration now have potential to counteract the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease.
Will a Twist of Viral Fate Lead to a New Cancer Treatment? (1996)

Research reported in this issue ( p.373 ) indicates that a modified version of a virus best known as a cause of respiratory infections may provide an intriguing new way to kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed.
Classification of Age Groups Based on Facial Features (2001)

An age group classification system for gray-scale facial images is proposed in this paper. Four age groups, including babies, young adults, middle-aged adults, and old adults, are used in the classification system. The process of the system is divided into three phases: location, feature extraction, and age classification. Based on the symmetry of human faces and the variation of gray levels, the positions of eyes, noses, and mouths could be located by applying the Sobel edge operator and region labeling. Two geometric features and three wrinkle features from a facial image are then obtained. Finally, two back-propagation neural networks are constructed for classification. The first one employs the geometric features to distinguish whether the facial image is a baby. If it is not, then the second network uses the wrinkle features to classify the image into one of three adult groups. The proposed system is experimented with 230 facial images on a Pentium II 350 processor with 128 MB RAM. One half of the images are used for training and the other half for test. It takes 0.235 second to classify an image on an average. The identification rate achieves 90.52% for the training images and 81.58% for the test images, which is roughly close to human’s subjective justification.
No evidence for mutations in the alpha- and beta-catenin genes in human gastric and breast carcinomas. (1996)

Disturbed function of E-cadherin and/or of one of its anchoring proteins, the catenins, is thought to destabilize E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, which may enhance the invasiveness of epithelial cells and thus favor carcinoma progression. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin, as well as mutations in the E-cadherin gene, have been found in various carcinomas, whereas mutations in the alpha- and beta-catenin genes have been described only in carcinoma cell lines. Using reverse transcription-PCR, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformational polymorphism, we examined 16 diffuse- and 5 intestinal-type gastric carcinomas, as well as 9 lobular and 2 ductal breast carcinomas, for mutations of alpha- and beta-catenin cDNA. All of the investigated tumors were analyzed previously for E-cadherin mutations. Comparing tumorous and nontumorous samples, we detected neither deletions nor aberrant single-strand conformational polymorphism patterns. At nucleotide 2220 of the alpha-catenin gene, we identified one frequent polymorphism. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to E-cadherin, mutations of alpha- and beta-catenin do not contribute to the pathogenesis or the diffuse growth patterns of gastric or breast carcinomas.
HIV‐Specific Cellular Immune Response Is Inversely Correlated with Disease Progression as Defined by Decline of CD4+T Cells in Relation to HIV RNA Load (2004)

The average time between infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome is approximately 8 years. However, progression rates vary widely, depending on several determinants, including HIV-specific immunity, host genetic factors, and virulence of the infecting strain. In untreated HIV-infected patients with different progression rates, we examined HIV-specific T cell responses in combination with host genetic markers, such as chemokine/chemokine-receptor (CCR) polymorphisms and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes. HIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses were inversely correlated with progression rate. Slower progression was not related to polymorphisms in CCR genes, HLA genotype, or GB virus C coinfection. These data suggest that HIV-specific T cell responses are involved in protecting the host from disease progression.