gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human embryonic stem cell–derived CD34+ cells: efficient production in the coculture with OP9 stromal cells and analysis of lymphohematopoietic potential (2004)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to serve as an alternative source of hematopoietic precursors for transplantation and for the study of hematopoietic cell development. Using coculture of human ES (hES) cells with OP9 bone marrow stromal cells, we were able to obtain up to 20% of CD34+ cells and isolate up to 10(7) CD34+ cells with more than 95% purity from a similar number of initially plated hES cells after 8 to 9 days of culture. The hES cell-derived CD34+ cells were highly enriched in colony-forming cells, cells expressing hematopoiesis-associated genes GATA-1, GATA-2, SCL/TAL1, and Flk-1, and retained clonogenic potential after in vitro expansion. CD34+ cells displayed the phenotype of primitive hematopoietic progenitors as defined by co-expression of CD90, CD117, and CD164, along with a lack of CD38 expression and contained aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells as well as cells with verapamil-sensitive ability to efflux rhodamine 123. When cultured on MS-5 stromal cells in the presence of stem cell factor, Flt3-L, interleukin 7 (IL-7), and IL-3, isolated CD34+ cells differentiated into lymphoid (B and natural killer cells) as well as myeloid (macrophages and granulocytes) lineages. These data indicate that CD34+ cells generated through hES/OP9 coculture display several features of definitive hematopoietic stem cells.
Percutaneous absorption enhancer applied to membrane permeation-controlled transdermal delivery of nicardipine hydrochloride. (1989)

In the design of nicardipine hydrochloride-transdermal delivery systems (NC-TDS), the enhancing and regulating effects of penetration-enhancers and permeation controlling membranes were evaluated. Laurocapram (Azone) was selected as a model enhancer. Since its enhancing effect is considered to occur in the stratum corneum, its release from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVAc), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVAl) or poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes was used as a criterion for membrane selection. The release rate was highest from pHEMA. Accordingly, a TDS consisting of a NC reservoir containing 1 w/v% Azone and a pHEMA membrane was prepared, and the effect of skin stripping on the plasma concentration of NC after NC-TDS administration was evaluated in rats. The increased ratio in drug plasma concentration caused by skin stripping was lower when the NC-TDS treatment was compared with a non-regulating NC-gel treatment. Our results suggest that the membrane permeation-controlled TDS of NC may be useful for long-term constant drug delivery with minimum dependence on skin conditions.
A Soft Lithography Approach to the Fabrication of Nanostructures of Single Crystalline Silicon with Well-Defined Dimensions and Shapes (2000)

Silicon nanostructures with well defined shapes and tightly controlled dimensions can be fabricated in relatively large quantities using the soft lithography approach described here. The capability and feasibility of this method are demonstrated by the fabrication of silicon nanowires, nanorods, micrometer-sized rings (see Figure), and connected triangles (see also inside front cover).
Nicotine Levels in Electronic Cigarettes (2012)

ECs generate vapor that contains nicotine, but EC brands and models differ in their efficacy and consistency of nicotine vaporization. In ECs, which vaporize nicotine effectively, the amount inhaled from 15 puffs is lower compared with smoking a conventional cigarette.
A Soluble Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Molecule Used as a Vaccine Adjuvant Elicits Greater Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Both Particulate and Soluble Antigens (2000)

The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) product is a MHC class II ligand that has been used in vivo to stimulate MHC class II+ APCs to increase tumor-specific immune responses. We investigated whether LAG-3 could also play an adjuvant role in vivo for the induction of humoral and CD4 or CD8 cell-mediated immune responses when immunizing mice with a particulate (hepatitis B surface Ag) or soluble (OVA) Ag. In both cases, coadministration of 1 microg of a soluble fusion protein between murine LAG-3 and the Fc fraction of a murine IgG2a mAb (mLAG-3Ig) as a vaccine adjuvant induced or increased CTL responses to the corresponding MHC class I-restricted peptide. In addition, splenocytes of mice vaccinated with either the particulate or soluble Ag plus mLAG-3Ig exhibited a significantly greater proliferative response than did splenocytes of mice immunized with Ag and a control Ig molecule. Similarly, these splenocytes had a greater Th1- but not Th2-type cytokine response. Finally, mice immunized with Ag plus mLAG-3Ig produced higher titers of Abs than mice immunized with Ag and a control Ig molecule. Thus, these data provide evidence of a novel means of improving the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines.
Does 'anybody' really want (or need) vehicle navigation aids? (2003)

The author asserts that developers of vehicle navigation aids should not persist in using an intradisciplinary approach to solving an interdisciplinary problem. It is demonstrated that research in differing disciplines can be intertwined, and that theories and models often can be borrowed. It is suggested that though interdisciplinary results can be supporting, caution should be taken when interpreting these. The author reviews current research in spatial knowledge acquisition in computer science, psychology, and geography, and how these models can enhance vehicle navigation aid development. Current research in cognitive psychology and environmental behavior related to the presentation of driving instructions to drivers is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic (2005)

“Spintronics,” in which both the spin and charge of electrons are used for logic and memory operations, promises an alternate route to traditional semiconductor electronics. A complete logic architecture can be constructed, which uses planar magnetic wires that are less than a micrometer in width. Logical NOT, logical AND, signal fan-out, and signal cross-over elements each have a simple geometric design, and they can be integrated together into one circuit. An additional element for data input allows information to be written to domain-wall logic circuits.
ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (1997)

We have assessed the effect of different regimes of antibiotic prophylaxis on the survival of total hip implants, comparing antibiotics administered both systemically and in the bone cement, systemically only, in the bone cement only and with no antibiotics given. We studied 10,905 primary cemented total hip replacements, performed for osteoarthritis of the hip and reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register between 1987 and 1995. Cox-estimated failure-rate ratios (FRR) are presented with adjustment for gender, age, the brand of cement, the prosthesis, the type of operating theatre and the operating time. For revisions performed for infection (39 operations), the lowest rate of revision was found among patients receiving antibiotic-containing cement plus systemic antibiotics (n = 5804). The revision rate for the 4586 patients receiving systemic antibiotics only was 4.3 times greater (95% CI 1.7 to 11.0, p = 0.001); in 239 with antibiotics in the bone cement only it was 6.3 times greater (CI 1.6 to 25.0, p = 0.003); and in the 276 who did not receive antibiotics it was by 11.5 times greater (CI 2.1 to 63.0, p = 0.002). Adjustment for the total amount of systemic antibiotic administered did not change the results. We also observed an increased revision rate for aseptic loosening (109 operations) comparing the systemic-only (FRR = 1.8, CI 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.01) and the cement-only regimes (FRR = 2.6, CI 1.2 to 5.9, p = 0.02) with the combined dosage. Our findings show that systemic antibiotics combined with antibiotic-containing bone cement led to fewer revisions than the other methods.
Oxidative addition of carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen double bonds to WCl2(PMePh2)4. Synthesis of tungsten metallaoxirane and tungsten oxo- and imido-alkylidene complexes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative addition of carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen double bonds to WCl2(PMePh2)4. Synthesis of tungsten metallaoxirane and tungsten oxo- and imido-alkylidene complexesJeffrey C. Bryan and James M. MayerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6, 2298–2308Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00162a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00162a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views941Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terahertz Radar for Remote Measurement of Vital Signs (2008)

A radar system operating at 228 GHz was used for measuring the displacement of a subject's chest wall due to respiration and heartbeat.Using various signal processing techniques, the signal was cleaned and the respiration rate and heart rate were extracted from the signal.The radar has been able to produce accurate results at a variety of distances and recent improvements to the system and the signal processing have increased its operating range and accuracy.
CD40 Ligation on Human Cord Blood CD34+Hematopoietic Progenitors Induces Their Proliferation and Differentiation into Functional Dendritic Cells (1997)

Human CD34+ multilineage progenitor cells (CD34HPC) from cord blood and bone marrow express CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor-receptor family present on various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. As hyper-IgM patients with mutated CD40 ligand (CD40L) exhibit neutropenia, no B cell memory, and altered T cell functions leading to severe infections, we investigated the potential role of CD40 on CD34HPC development. CD40-activated cord blood CD34HPC were found to proliferate and differentiate independently of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, into a cell population with prominent dendritic cell (DC) attributes including priming of allogeneic naive T cells. DC generated via the CD40 pathway displayed strong major histocompatibility complex class II DR but lacked detectable CD1a and CD40 expression. These features were shared by a dendritic population identified in situ in tonsillar T cell areas. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that CD40 is functional on CD34HPC and its cross-linking by CD40L+ cells results in the generation of DC that may prime immune reactions during antigen-driven responses to pathogenic invasion, thus providing a link between hematopoiesis, innate, and adaptive immunity.
Combinations of cytokine gene network polymorphic markers as potential predictors of myocardial infarction (2014)

With the intent to identify informative predictors of myocardial infarction (MI) development in an ethnically homogenous group of Russian men after MI (255 subjects) and in a corresponding control group (257 subjects), an analysis of genotype frequency distribution for polymorphic DNA markers (SNP) rs16944 (-511C>T, IL1B gene), rs1800796 (-572G>C, IL6 gene), rs1800872 (-592C>A, IL10 gene), rs3212227 (1159A<C, IL12B gene), rs1800629 (-308G>A, TNF), rs909253 (252A>C, LTA), rs767455 (36A>G, TNFRSF1A) was conducted. Using the Monte Carlo method and a Markov chain (APSampler), allele combinations associated both with decreased and increased MI risk were revealed. The most significant results were obtained for IL6*C/C (P = 3 x 10(-4), OR = 6.3 CI 2.37-16.75 10(-4)), LTA*A+IL6*G/G (FDR = 2.3, OR = 0.25 CI 0.14-0.46), LTA*G/G + IL12B*A/A (FDR = 0.0053, OR = 4.92 CI 1.8-13.33), TNF*G + LTA*G/G + TNFRSF1A*A (FDR = 0.013, OR = 4.38, CI 1.6-12.01), TNFRSF1A*G + IL10*A/A + IL12B*C (FDR = 0.016, OR = 8.79, CI 2.17-35.63), TNF*G + LTA*G?G + IL10*C (FDR = 0.0105, OR = 3.54 CI 1.55-8.09).
Major histocompatibility complex class II genes in glomerular diseases (1996)

Summary: The identification of genes within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region, which confer susceptibility of immune mediated nephritis can help to understand the immunopathogenesis and inheritance of these diseases. Classically, this is performed using serological typing. the use of DNA technology in genotyping is more specific and would reveal greater polymorphism within this region. the MHC class II studies of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Goodpasture's disease are illustrative. We have shown that by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probing techniques, there was an increase of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQ7 in Caucasian IgAN patients (71%) when compared with controls (27.8%). In a Chinese family of IgAN, all three siblings with IgAN were homozygous for DR12, DQ7, DQα1b. When we examined 79 Chinese IgAN patients, there was an increase in homozygous DQ7 in patients (16.4%) compared with controls (5.7%). There was also a significant increase in frequency of DQA2 U allele in patients with chronic renal failure (66.9%) compared with patients with normal renal function (26.9%). Goodpasture's disease (GPD) was initially reported to be associated with HLA‐DR2. With molecular techniques, it was found that 75.5% of GPD had DR15 (a specificity of DR 2) when compared with controls (31%). the frequency of DR4 was also increased. Nucleotide sequences of these two alleles were identical to those previously published. Compared with derived amino acid sequences of expressed DRβ chains showed that the DRβ chains of DR15 and DR4 shared a six aminoacid motif from positions 26–31. an SSO detected this amino acid motif in 91.8% of GPD patients tested. Thus, this particular motif, which lies on the floor of the antigen binding groove, has a stronger association with GPD than an individual allele, and may be of pathogenetic significance. It is therefore concluded that the study of MHC class II genes is important in the elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanisms and possibly in the prediction of disease severity in glomerulonephritis.
Saccharomicins, Novel Heptadecaglycoside Antibiotics Produced by Saccharothrix espanaensis : Antibacterial and Mechanistic Activities (2000)

Saccharomicins A and B, two new heptadecaglycoside antibiotics, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the rare actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis. They represent a novel class of bactericidal antibiotics that are active both in vitro and in vivo against bacteria and yeast (MICs: Staphylococcus aureus, <0.12 to 0. 5; vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 0.25 to 16; gram-negative bacteria, 0.25 to >128; and yeast, >128 microg/ml), including multiply resistant strains. Saccharomicins protected mice from lethal challenges by staphylococci (subcutaneous 50% effective dose range of 0.06 to 2.6 mg/kg of body weight, depending on the S. aureus strain). The 50% lethal dose by the subcutaneous route was 16 mg/kg. Mechanistic studies with Escherichia coli imp and Bacillus subtilis suggested complete, nonspecific inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis within 10 min of drug treatment. Microscopic examination of drug-treated cells also suggested cell lysis. These data are consistent with a strong membrane-disruptive activity. The antibacterial activities of the saccharomicins against gram-positive bacteria were unaffected by the presence of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+), but activity against gram-negative bacteria was substantially reduced.
Derivation and characterization of pluripotent embryonic germ cells in chicken (2000)

Embryonic germ (EG) cell lines established from primordial germ cells (PGCs) are undifferentiated and pluripotent stem cells. To date, EG cells with proven germ-line transmission have been completely established only in the mouse with embryonic stem (ES) cells. We isolated PGCs from 5.5-day-old (stage 28) chicken embryonic gonads and established a putative chicken EG cell line with EG culture medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin-11 (IL-11), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). These cells grew continuously for ten passages (4 months) on a feeder layer of mitotically active chicken embryonic fibroblasts. After several passages, these cells were characterized by screening with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, anti-SSEA-1 antibody, and a proliferation assay. The chicken EG cells maintained characteristics of gonadal PGCs and undifferentiated stem cells. When cultured in suspension, the chicken EG cells successfully formed an embryoid body and differentiated into a variety of cell types. The chicken EG cells were injected into stage X blastodermal layer and produced chimeric chickens with various differentiated tissues derived from the EG cells. Chicken EG cells will be useful for the production of transgenic chickens and for studies of germ cell differentiation and genomic imprinting.
Experiences and lessons from the analysis of TCAS II (1996)

This report highlights some of the experiences gathered while analyzing the requirements specification for a commercial avionics system called TCAS II (Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System II) for consistency and completeness. Completeness in this context is defined as a complete set of requirements, that is, there is a behavior specified for every possible input and input sequence.Under the leadership of Dr. Nancy G. Leveson, the Irvine Safety Research Group has developed a state-based requirements specification language RSML (Requirements State Machine Language) using TCAS II as a testbed [6]. The TCAS requirements specification project was very successful; RSML was well liked by all participants in the project, and the formal specification has been adopted as the official TCAS II requirements. The requirements document has been delivered to the FAA and has undergone an extensive independent validation and verification effort (IV&amp;amp;V).In a previous investigation, we defined procedures for analyzing state-based requirements specifications for completeness and consistency [5]. To demonstrate that our approach is feasible and is applicable to realistic systems, we have implemented a draft analysis tool and we have applied the analysis to the TCAS II requirements. The initial results from the analysis effort were encouraging [4, 5] and scaled well to a large requirements specification. The most complex parts of the TCAS requirements specification have recently been analyzed. Even though the effort was largely successful, some limitations with the approach have surfaced. Most importantly, the accuracy of the analysis algorithms needs improvement. When analyzing the most complex parts of the TCAS requirements, the number of spurious error reports can occasionally be overwhelming. Furthermore, we discovered that once the analysis has identified problems, it has been unexpectedly difficult to correct some of them.
Effects of chronic airway inflammation on the activity and enzymatic inactivation of neuropeptides in guinea pig lungs. (1994)

The effects of airway inflammation induced by chronic antigen exposure on substance P (SP)-induced increases and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced decreases in airway opening pressure (Pao), and the recovery of intact and hydrolyzed radiopeptide were studied in tracheally perfused guinea pig lungs. SP (10(-6) mol/kg) induced a significantly greater increase in Pao in lungs from antigen-exposed (30 +/- 5 cm H2O) than saline-exposed animals (15 +/- 1 cm H2O, P < 0.05). Significantly more intact 3H-SP and significantly less 3H-SP 1-7, a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) hydrolysis product, were recovered from the lung effluent of antigen-exposed than saline-exposed animals (P < 0.05). Injection of VIP (10(-9) mol/kg) induced significantly more pulmonary relaxation in saline-exposed compared with antigen-exposed lungs (62 +/- 4%, P < 0.001). In contrast to effluent from saline-exposed animals, lung effluent from antigen-exposed lungs contained less intact VIP, increased amounts of a tryptic hydrolysis product, and no products consistent with the degradation of VIP by NEP. These data indicate that inflamed lungs are more sensitive to the contractile effects of SP because it is less efficiently degraded by NEP and are less sensitive to the relaxant effects of VIP because it is more efficiently degraded by a tryptic enzyme. Changes in airway protease activity occur with allergic inflammation and may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness.
2 Å X‐ray structure of adamalysin II complexed with a peptide phosphonate inhibitor adopting a retro‐binding mode (1997)

The search of reprolysin inhibitors offers the possibility of intervention against both matrixins and ADAMs. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex between adamalysin II, a member of the reprolysin family, and a phosphonate inhibitor modeled on an endogenous venom tripeptide. The inhibitor occupies the primed region of the cleavage site adopting a retro-binding mode. The phosphonate group ligates the zinc ion in an asymmetric bidentate mode and the adjacent Trp indole system partly fills the primary specificity subsite S1'. An adamalysin-based model of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) reveals a smaller S1' pocket for this enzyme.
A proton camera array technology for direct extracellular ion imaging (2008)

The study of cellular function and response is essential for basic research and for applications in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology. We have developed the first 256-pixel proton camera array for imaging the hydrogen ion activity of cells grown in vitro. The proton camera is an integrated sensor array technology, designed and fabricated in a standard commercial 0.35 mum complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Each pixel uses a hydrogen ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) and has an area of 12.8 mum times 12.8 mum, leading to a total on-chip sensing area of 200 mum times 200 mum. After electrical matching, it is found that each ISFET pixel has a threshold voltage of -1 V with a convergence accuracy of less than 10 mV and a measured sensitivity of 46 mV/pH. A cell bioassay is performed to demonstrate that the proton camera array can successfully image changes in extracellular pH.