gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-specific integration in Saccharopolyspora erythraea and multisite integration in Streptomyces lividans of actinomycete plasmid pSE101 (1988)

An 11.3-kilobase-pair plasmid, designated pSE101, exists in Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 as an integrated sequence (pSE101int) at a unique chromosomal location and in the free form in less than an average of 1 copy per 10 chromosomes. The plasmid sequence is missing from S. erythraea NRRL 2359. Restriction maps of the free and integrated forms of pSE101 showed point-to-point correspondence. Plasmid pECT2 was constructed by ligation of pSE101, pBR322, and the gene for thiostrepton resistance (tsr). When introduced by polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation into protoplasts of S. erythraea NRRL 2359, all thiostrepton-resistant regenerants examined were found to carry a single copy of pECT2 in the integrated state at a single chromosomal site. The chromosomal site of pECT2 integration in strain NRRL 2359 (attB) corresponded to the chromosomal location of pSE101int in strain NRRL 2338. The plasmid crossover site (attP) was mapped to the plasmid site that corresponded to the site of interruption of the plasmid sequence in the host carrying pSE101int, indicating that site-specific integrative recombination had occurred. An additional 2.8-kilobase-pair chromosomal sequence homologous to a segment of pSE101 was also observed in strains NRRL 2338 and NRRL 2359. After introduction of pECT2 into Streptomyces lividans, approximately half of the transformants examined were found to carry the plasmid as a stable, autonomously replicating element. The other half carried a single copy of pECT2 as an integrated sequence, but the location of pECT2int in Streptomyces lividans varied from one transformant to another. In each case, integrative crossover used the attP site. A model is proposed to account for the determination of the particular state of pSE101 in Streptomyces lividans.
New Electrochromic Materials (2002)

A number of inorganic and organic materials exhibit redox states (reduced and/or oxidised forms) with distinct UV-Visible (electronic) absorption bands. When electrochemical switching of these redox states gives rise to different colours (i.e. new or different visible region bands), the material is described as being electrochromic. By virtue of their numerous applications, both of academic and commercial interest, electrochromic materials are currently attracting a great deal of interest. This review provides an introduction to the major classes of electrochromic materials, namely transition metal oxides, Prussian blue systems, viologens, conducting polymers, transition metal and lanthanide coordination complexes and metallopolymers, and metal phthalocyanines. Examples of some new materials and of prototype and commercial electrochromic devices are cited.
Human liver .pi.-Alcohol dehydrogenase: kinetic and molecular properties (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman liver .pi.-Alcohol dehydrogenase: kinetic and molecular propertiesWilliam F. Bosron, Ting-Kai Li, Werner P. Dafeldecker, and Bert L. ValleeCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 6, 1101–1105Publication Date (Print):March 20, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00573a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00573a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Extracellular to Intracellular Targets, Inhibiting MAP Kinases in Treatment of Crohn's Disease (2002)

In recent years the emphasis in finding new therapeutic options for chronic inflammatory diseases has been on targeting extracellular mediators of inflammation. A range of tools has become available to interfere with signaling by cytokines and their receptors. As our understanding of the intracellular pathways that mediate inflammatory signals expands, new therapeutic targets within the inflammatory cells come into sight. In this review we will discuss possible intracellular targets for treatment in Crohn's disease, a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gut. Despite the encouraging results with anti-TNF antibodies in patients with Crohn's disease, our current treatment options are still insufficient and warrant novel treatment strategies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of signal transduction proteins is an important intracellular mediator of inflammation, and recently a MAPK inhibitor was successfully used in patients with Crohn's disease. We will discuss our current understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of Crohn's disease and also novel therapies that specifically target members of the MAPK pathway.
Identification and characterization of a new family of high-affinity receptors for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in rat intestinal membranes (1991)

Novel high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites in intestinal membranes for the heat-stable toxin produced by Escherichia coli have been defined. The appearance of these sites is observed in the presence of physiological concentrations of NaCl in binding reactions. Scatchard analyses of equilibrium binding in the absence of NaCl demonstrated a single class of binding sites with KD = 1.9 x 10(-9) M and Bmax = 0.75 pmol/mg of protein. In contrast, similar experiments in the presence of NaCl demonstrated, in addition to the previously described low-affinity site, a high-affinity site with a KD of 2.1 x 10(-11) M and a Bmax of 73 fmol/mg of protein. Confirmation of the presence of high- and low-affinity sites was obtained in studies of the kinetics of ST binding. These sites exhibited similar dissociation but markedly different association kinetics. Determination of the association and dissociation constants permitted calculation of the KD's for the high- and low-affinity sites, which were 1.15 x 10(-11) M and 1.89 x 10(-9) M, respectively. These data agree closely with those obtained in studies of equilibrium binding. Furthermore, similar values for the KD's of these sites were obtained in experiments of competitive displacement of labeled ST, confirming the presence of two receptors for this toxin. Binding of ST to high-affinity sites is completely reversible and does not appear to be coupled to activation of particulate guanylate cyclase. In contrast, binding of ST to low-affinity sites appears to be partially reversible and may be coupled to activation of guanylate cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Passive UHF RF Identification CMOS Tag IC Using Ferroelectric RAM in 0.35-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ Technology (2007)

A passive UHF RF identification (RFID) tag IC with embedded 2-KB ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) for rewritable applications enables a 2.9 times faster read-and-write transaction time over EEPROM-based tag ICs. The resulting FeRAM-based tag has a nominally identical communication range for both read and write operations, which is indispensable for data write applications. The evaluated tag communication range with a folded dipole antenna is from 0 m to 4.3 m, at the 953-MHz carrier frequency with 4-W transmitting Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) from a reader/writer. The developed tag IC features two circuit blocks to maximize the communication range in 0.35-mum CMOS/FeRAM technology. First is a CMOS-only full-wave rectifier, which can improve the measured efficiency by up to 36.6% by reducing the input parasitic capacitances and optimization of multiplier structure. This efficiency is more than twice that of previously-published results. Second is a low-voltage current-mode ASK demodulator to accommodate a low-breakdown voltage of FeRAM, which converts the ASK power modulation into a linearly modulated current over an incoming power range of 27 dB, corresponding to the entire communication range. The developed demodulator can thus resolve the primary design tradeoff issue between device protection and detection sensitivity in the conventional voltage-mode demodulator
Hypotensive thiadiazoles (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive thiadiazolesA. M. Grant, S. V. Krees, A. B. Mauger, W. J. Rzeszotarski, and F. W. WolffCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1082–1084Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional regulation of the bgl operon of Escherichia coli involves phosphotransferase system‐mediated phosphorylation of a transcriptional antiterminator (1993)

The bgl operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by a novel two-component regulatory system which consists of a sensory protein, BglF, present in the cytoplasmic membrane and a regulatory protein, BglG, present in the cytoplasm. The sensor is a phosphotransferase system (PTS) transport protein which controls the activity of the regulatory protein according to substrate availability. The regulator is an RNA binding protein which controls operon expression by transcriptional antitermination. In the absence of substrate, BglF phosphorylates BglG thus inactivating it. In the presence of substrate, BglF removes the phosphate from BglG thus allowing it to function as an antiterminator. In this review we focus on the interactions between the sensor and regulator of the bgl system and discuss other systems that are regulated in a similar way.
A short synthesis of (+)-lycoricidine (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA short synthesis of (+)-lycoricidineTomas Hudlicky and Horacio F. OlivoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9694–9696Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1188Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
δ-Tocopherol Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Niemann-Pick Type C1 and Wolman Cholesterol Storage Disorders (2012)

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) and Wolman disease are two members of a family of storage disorders caused by mutations of genes encoding lysosomal proteins. Deficiency in function of either the NPC1 or NPC2 protein in NPC disease or lysosomal acid lipase in Wolman disease results in defective cellular cholesterol trafficking. Lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and enlarged lysosomes are shared phenotypic characteristics of both NPC and Wolman cells. Utilizing a phenotypic screen of an approved drug collection, we found that δ-tocopherol effectively reduced lysosomal cholesterol accumulation, decreased lysosomal volume, increased cholesterol efflux, and alleviated pathological phenotypes in both NPC1 and Wolman fibroblasts. Reduction of these abnormalities may be mediated by a δ-tocopherol-induced intracellular Ca(2+) response and subsequent enhancement of lysosomal exocytosis. Consistent with a general mechanism for reduction of lysosomal lipid accumulation, we also found that δ-tocopherol reduces pathological phenotypes in patient fibroblasts from other lysosomal storage diseases, including NPC2, Batten (ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 2, CLN2), Fabry, Farber, Niemann-Pick disease type A, Sanfilippo type B (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB, MPSIIIB), and Tay-Sachs. Our data suggest that regulated exocytosis may represent a potential therapeutic target for reduction of lysosomal storage in this class of diseases.
Activated anhydrides of tartaric and malic acids (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivated anhydrides of tartaric and malic acidsGregory P. Liesen and Chaim N. SukenikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 3, 455–457Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00379a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00379a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views680Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Children affected by HIV. (1998)

During the next 10 years, more than 40 million children will lose either one or both parents from AIDS, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In countries with a high rate of HIV infection, more than 33% of children will be orphaned and at risk of being moved from one household to another, or left to live alone in child-headed households. Many children are first affected by HIV when their parents develop HIV-related illnesses and become too sick to work or take their children for health care services, such as immunization and growth monitoring. In caring for their younger siblings, older children miss school. Children in households affected by HIV are often at considerable risk of poverty and malnutrition. Health workers and community-based workers can help protect the health of children affected by HIV by encouraging the establishment of community-based orphan support programs, recognizing HIV-affected families in greatest need and children at risk, and providing at-risk orphans with clothing, housing, food, and school fees.
The gene encoding the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin is regulated by anemia, hypoxia, and inflammation (2002)

The present study was aimed at determining whether hepcidin, a recently identified peptide involved in iron metabolism, plays a role in conditions associated with both iron overload and iron deficiency. Hepcidin mRNA levels were assessed in two models of anemia, acute hemolysis provoked by phenylhydrazine and bleeding provoked by repeated phlebotomies. Hepcidin response to hypoxia was also studied, both ex vivo, in human hepatoma cells, and in vivo. Anemia and hypoxia were associated with a dramatic decrease in liver hepcidin gene expression, which may account for the increase in iron release from reticuloendothelial cells and increase in iron absorption frequently observed in these situations. A single injection of turpentine for 16 hours induced a sixfold increase in liver hepcidin mRNA levels and a twofold decrease in serum iron. The hyposideremic effect of turpentine was completely blunted in hepcidin-deficient mice, revealing hepcidin participation in anemia of inflammatory states. These modifications of hepcidin gene expression further suggest a key role for hepcidin in iron homeostasis under various pathophysiological conditions, which may support the pharmaceutical use of hepcidin agonists and antagonists in various iron homeostasis disorders.
Common software platform for realizing a strategy for introducing the TMN (2002)

Software platform techniques have been developed for establishing telecommunication management networks. These techniques are implemented in a TMN common software platform and in an operation service creation tool for a new creating communication node systems. This tool produces methods implemented in operations systems (OSs) and network elements (NEs), achieving totally automatic software creation of operational functions. It also produces specifications for the reference points in the OSs and NEs.
Elevated Aβ and Apolipoprotein E in AβPP Transgenic Mice and Its Relationship to Amyloid Accumulation in Alzheimer’s Disease (2000)

ApoE was immunocytochemically detected in neuritic plaques that were positive for thioflavine-S. We suggest that the elevation of brain apoE in tg2576 mice participates in an age-related dysregulation of A beta clearance and signals the start of A beta sequestration during the time of cognitive dysfunction.
Melatonin potentiates 5‐HT1A receptor activation in rat hypothalamus and results in hypothermia (2002)

Effects of melatonin on both thermoregulatory responses and hypothalamic serotonin release were assessed in unanesthetized rats at three different ambient temperatures (Ta). Systemic administration of melatonin (30-120 mg/kg, i.p) caused a decrease in both colonic temperature and hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) release in rats at both Ta 8 and 22 degrees C. The hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic rate at Ta 8 degrees C, whereas at Ta 22 degrees C the hypothermia was produced by both a decrease in metabolic rate and an increase in cutaneous temperature. However, in the heat (Ta 31 degrees C), neither thermoregulatory responses nor hypothalamic 5-HT release was affected by the same amount of administered melatonin. The melatonin-induced hypothermia and decreased 5-HT release in the hypothalamus were attenuated by selective depletion of brain 5-HT produced by intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Furthermore, the melatonin-induced hypothermia was almost completely abolished by treatment with a 5-HT2A receptor agonist (DOI) or a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist [(-)-pindolol]. The data indicate that melatonin potentiates the 5-HT1A receptor activation in the hypothalamus and results in hypothermic effects which can be antagonized by the expected hyperthermic effect of DOI.
Phosphorylation of CRTC3 by the salt-inducible kinases controls the interconversion of classically activated and regulatory macrophages (2012)

Macrophages acquire strikingly different properties that enable them to play key roles during the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. Classically activated (M1) macrophages produce proinflammatory mediators to combat invading pathogens and respond to tissue damage in the host, whereas regulatory macrophages (M2b) produce high levels of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, and low levels of proinflammatory cytokines, like IL-12, and are important for the resolution of inflammatory responses. A central problem in this area is to understand how the formation of regulatory macrophages can be promoted at sites of inflammation to prevent and/or alleviate chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) restrict the formation of regulatory macrophages and that their inhibition induces striking increases in many of the characteristic markers of regulatory macrophages, greatly stimulating the production of IL-10 and other anti-inflammatory molecules. We show that SIK inhibitors elevate IL-10 production by inducing the dephosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcriptional coactivator (CRTC) 3, its dissociation from 14-3-3 proteins and its translocation to the nucleus where it enhances a gene transcription program controlled by CREB. Importantly, the effects of SIK inhibitors on IL-10 production are lost in macrophages that express a drug-resistant mutant of SIK2. These findings identify SIKs as a key molecular switch whose inhibition reprograms macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The remarkable effects of SIK inhibitors on macrophage function suggest that drugs that target these protein kinases may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Light-propagation characteristics in thermally diffused expanded core fibers (1993)

Characteristics of light propagation in thermally diffused expanded-core (TEC) fibers are analyzed. Changes in the modal-field distributions along fibers and transition losses are obtained by use of the propagating-beam method. It is found that a transition length sufficiently longer than the characteristic length is necessary to expand or reduce the field diameter with low losses. A simplified model for understanding the mechanism of light propagation in TEC fibers is presented. Transmission losses between TEC fibers having imperfect splices are measured, the results are compared with those obtained by a simple theory and an exact theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>