gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Functional Chicken Oviduct Progesterone Receptors in Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) (1989)

The cDNAs encoding full-length chicken oviduct progesterone receptor B (PRB) and a truncated receptor (C1C2) lacking the amino-terminal domain were expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using a ubiquitin fusion system. The expression of the fusion protein is under the control of a copper-responsive yeast metallothionein promoter, and the fusion protein is subsequently cleaved by the yeast host enzyme to produce receptor protein. Western immunoblot analyses of yeast extracts containing full-length PRB revealed a polypeptide co-migrating with authentic chicken oviduct PRB. Using a polyclonal antibody (907) directed against the "hinge" region of the authentic chicken progesterone receptor, a 42-kDa polypeptide was detected by Western analysis in yeast extracts containing C1C2 receptors. Standard hormone binding assays indicated that these receptors produced in yeast cells exhibited steroid binding affinity and specificity characteristic of the authentic chicken progesterone receptor. To test for progesterone receptor-mediated activation of transcription in yeast, reporter plasmids were constructed to transform yeast cells expressing PRB or C1C2 receptors. The reporter gene contained two copies of a progesterone response element upstream of the yeast proximal CYC1 promoter fused to the beta-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli. The induction of beta-galactosidase activity by PRB and C1C2 was strictly dependent on specific ligand and the presence of a progesterone response element. However, overproduced C1C2 receptors had an adverse effect on the transcription of the lacZ gene. It was found that when overproduced C1C2 was activated by progesterone, an inhibitory effect on normal yeast cell growth was evident. These observations suggest that C1C2 is a potent trans-acting factor in yeast and that the amino-terminal domain of the chicken progesterone receptor may play a role in selective modulation of target gene activation.
Improving metal returns and eco-efficiency in electronics recycling - a holistic approach for interface optimisation between pre-processing and integrated metals smelting and refining (2006)

The efficient recovery of precious and special metals from electronic scrap has significant benefits - economically, environmentally, but also under a resource conservation aspect. The yields of these metals could be substantially improved by higher collection rates, less scrap exports to regions with insufficient recycling structures, and by interface optimisation, as pointed out in this document
Global Solutions of Variational Models with Convex Regularization (2010)

We propose an algorithmic framework for computing global solutions of variational models with convex regularity terms that permit quite arbitrary data terms. While the minimization of variational problems with convex data and regularity terms is straightforward (using, for example, gradient descent), this is no longer trivial for functionals with nonconvex data terms. Using the theoretical framework of calibrations, the original variational problem can be written as the maximum flux of a particular vector field going through the boundary of the subgraph of the unknown function. Upon relaxation this formulation turns the problem into a convex problem, although in a higher dimension. In order to solve this problem, we propose a fast primal-dual algorithm which significantly outperforms existing algorithms. In experimental results we show the application of our method to outlier filtering of range images and disparity estimation in stereo images using a variety of convex regularity terms.
The protective effect of the 4-5S immune RNA against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. (1985)

The immune RNA (iRNA) was extracted from the spleens of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The 4-5S iRNA, obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation, was effective in reducing the parasitemia and mortality of mice challenged with a virulent strain of T. cruzi. No such activity was found in the RNA fraction obtained from the spleens of normal (4-5S nRNA) animals. Mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to the 4-5S iRNA were able to inhibit the growth of T. cruzi. These results suggest that the protective effect of the 4-5S iRNA against T. cruzi infection could be due to its ability in enhancing macrophage resistance to this parasite.
Building a Secure Web Browser (2001)

Over the last several years, popular applications such as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator have become prime targets of attacks. These applications are targeted because their function is to process unauthenticated network data that often carry active content. The processing is done either by helper applications, or by the web browser itself. In both cases the software is often too complex to be bug free. To make matters worse, the underlying operating system can do very little to protect the users against such attacks since the software is running with the user's privileges.
Each of the Three Binding Sites on Complement Factor H Interacts with a Distinct Site on C3b (2000)

Factor H (fH) restricts activation of the alternative pathway of complement at the level of C3, both in the fluid phase and on self-structures, but allows the activation to proceed on foreign structures. To study the interactions between fH and C3b we used surface plasmon resonance analysis (Biacore(R)) and eight recombinantly expressed fH constructs containing fragments of the 20 short consensus repeat domains (SCRs) of fH. We analyzed the binding of these constructs to C3b and its cleavage products C3c and C3d. Three binding sites for C3b were found on fH. Site 1 was localized to the five amino-terminal SCRs (SCR1-5), and its reciprocal binding site on C3b was found to be lost upon the cleavage of C3b to C3c and C3d. Site 2 on fH was localized by exclusion probably within or near SCRs 12-14 (fragment SCR8-20 bound to C3b, C3c, and C3d; SCR8-11 did not bind to C3b at all; and SCR15-20 bound only to the C3d part of C3b). Site 3 on fH for C3b was localized to the carboxyl-terminal SCRs 19-20, and its reciprocal binding site was mapped to the C3d part of C3b. In conclusion, we confirmed and mapped three binding sites on fH for C3b and demonstrated that the three binding sites on fH interact with distinct sites on C3b. Multiple reciprocal interactions between C3b and fH can provide a basis for the different reactivity of the alternative pathway with different target structures.
Carbapenem Biosynthesis:  Confirmation of Stereochemical Assignments and the Role of CarC in the Ring Stereoinversion Process from l-Proline (2003)

(5R)-Carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is the simplest structurally among the naturally occurring carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics. It co-occurs with two saturated (3S,5S)- and (3S,5R)-carbapenam carboxylic acids. Confusion persists in the literature about the signs of rotation and absolute configurations of these compounds that is resolved in this paper. (3S,5S)-Carbapenam carboxylic acid was prepared from L-pyroglutamic acid to unambiguously establish its absolute configuration as identical to the natural product isolated from Serratia marcescens and from overexpression of the biosynthetic genes carAB in Escherichia coli. L-Proline labeled with deuterium or tritium at the diastereotopic C-5 methylene loci was shown to incorporate one label at the bridgehead of (3S,5S)-carbapenam carboxylic acid, but not into the "inverted" (3S,5R)-carbapenam carboxylic acid or the final carbapenem product. CarC, the third enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway required to synthesize the carbapenem, was demonstrated in cell-free studies to be dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate and ascorbate in keeping with weak sequence identities with other non-heme iron, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases. CarC mediated the stereoinversion of synthetic (3S,5S)-carbapenam carboxylic acid to the (5R)-carbapenem as judged by bioassay. These findings suggest that L-proline is desaturated to pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid prior to uptake into the biosynthetic pathway. The loss of the bridgehead hydrogen from the (3S,5S)-carbapenam during the ring inversion process to form the epimeric (3S,5R)-carbapenam and desaturation to the (5R)-carbapenem are proposed to be coupled by CarC to the reduction of dioxygen to drive the formation of these higher energy products, an unprecedented reaction for this enzyme class.
PEGylation: A Tool to Enhance Protein Delivery (2000)

The process of conjugation of proteins to polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) has been utilized to enhance solubility, reduce immunogenicity, reduce proteolytic degradation and prolong in vivo circulation half-life. PEG-conjugation can also lead to a reduction or alteration in biological activity. Purification and characterization of PEGylated proteins can also be difficult due to the heterogeneity of the product. This manuscript will review protein PEGylation highlighting potential advantages and challenges of the technology. Emphasis will be given to methods used to preserve the biological function of PEG conjugated proteins using three recombinant proteins as examples; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor IgG1 Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc, etanercept), and interleukin-15 (IL-15).
EFFECTS OF RAPAMYCIN ON GROWTH FACTOR-STIMULATED VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR AND PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR ACTION AND ANTAGONISM OF RAPAMYCIN BY FK506 (1995)

Rapamycin (RPM) is a potent and effective immunosuppressant which we have shown previously to inhibit intimal thickening in rat allograft and balloon-injured arteries. In this report, we have examined the effects of RPM on growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) DNA synthesis. RPM potently inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (IC50 = 5 x 10(-9) M) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (IC50 = 8 x 10(-10) M)-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. In contrast, only the highest concentrations of FK506 and CsA significantly altered PDGF- or bFGF-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. Addition of RPM (10(-9) M) at as late as 46 hr after growth factor addition still effectively suppressed bFGF- or PDGF-induced DNA synthesis by 76% and 54%, respectively. The extent of the antagonism of RPM's inhibition of bFGF-induced VSMC DNA synthesis by FK506 was inversely proportional to RPM concentration and directly proportional to FK506 concentration.
Organic Dicarboxylate Negative Electrode Materials with Remarkably Small Strain for High‐Voltage Bipolar Batteries (2014)

As advanced negative electrodes for powerful and useful high-voltage bipolar batteries, an intercalated metal-organic framework (iMOF), 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate dilithium, is described which has an organic-inorganic layered structure of π-stacked naphthalene and tetrahedral LiO4 units. The material shows a reversible two-electron-transfer Li intercalation at a flat potential of 0.8 V with a small polarization. Detailed crystal structure analysis during Li intercalation shows the layered framework to be maintained and its volume change is only 0.33%. The material possesses two-dimensional pathways for efficient electron and Li(+) transport formed by Li-doped naphthalene packing and tetrahedral LiO3C network. A cell with a high potential operating LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4 spinel positive and the proposed negative electrodes exhibited favorable cycle performance (96% capacity retention after 100 cycles), high specific energy (300 Wh kg(-1)), and high specific power (5 kW kg(-1)). An 8 V bipolar cell was also constructed by connecting only two cells in series.
The use of exfoliative cell samples to map clonal genetic alterations in the oral epithelium of high-risk patients. (1997)

Although it is widely accepted that clonal genetic alterations are an essential component of tumor progression, little is known of the distribution of such changes in high-risk lesions or how such clones are altered over time. We explored the feasibility of using exfoliative cells collected by scraping the mucosal surface to detect allelic loss in oral lesions of 22 patients (14 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 carcinomas in situ, and 6 dysplasias). The data show that the patterns of allelic loss observed in these samples closely represent those observed in biopsies of the same region. Furthermore, early indications are that this approach can be used to detect recurrent outgrowth of clones of altered cells in patients after therapy.
Fabrication of microlens arrays in polycarbonate with nanojoule energy femtosecond laser pulses (2012)

We report fabrication of smooth microlens arrays by focusing a nanojoule energy, high repetition rate femtosecond laser oscillator inside a polycarbonate sample. Heat accumulation at the laser focal point and subsequent material expansion leads to localized swelling at the sample surface that behaves as a microlens. By changing the depth of the laser focus in the sample, the focal length of the microlens can be controlled and varies from 40 to 80 μm while maintaining a high numerical aperture of ~0.6. This fabrication technique is a single step, controllable, and economical process that can produce arrays of optically smooth microlenses.
Dilemmas of principle in the classroom (2010)

Creativity in schools is changing, with greater emphasis being placed on creative skills across the curriculum than ever before. This shift has thrown up some challenging questions which this book tackles head-on in order to better understand the implications of this change and the effects on pedagogy and policy. The questions raised include: What is creative learning? How does it relate to creative teaching? How do we organize the curriculum to nurture creativity? What pedagogical strategies support creativity? How is creative learning different to effective learning? What responsibilities do schools have for stimulating creativity in relation to society, ethics and the wider environment? Laying out the key concepts in the current debate on creativity and placing them in a broader context based on practice, policy and research, this volume sets the agenda for future discussion and suggests practical ways to encourage pupils’ creative development in a&nbsp;new and more&nbsp;thoughtful way.
Identification of an SSX-2 Epitope Presented by Dendritic Cells to Circulating Autologous CD4+ T Cells (2004)

Accumulating evidence supports the requirement for both tumor-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses for efficient tumor rejection to occur. Because of its expression in different tumor types, the cancer/testis Ag encoded by the synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX-2) gene is among the most relevant candidates for the development of generic cancer vaccines. The immunogenicity of SSX-2 has been previously corroborated by detection of specific humoral and CD8(+) T cell responses in cancer patients. In this study we report identification of the first CD4(+) T cell epitope encoded by SSX-2. The identified epitope mapped to the 19-34 region of the protein and was recognized by CD4(+) T cells from an Ag-expressing melanoma patient in association with HLA-DPB1*0101. The absence of detectable response in healthy donors and other patients suggests that SSX-2-specific CD4(+) T cells in the responder patient had been previously expanded in vivo in response to the autologous tumor. The epitope did not appear to be presented on the surface of tumor cells at levels sufficient to allow direct recognition. In contrast, it was efficiently presented by autologous dendritic cells, supporting the concept that processing by professional APC is the main pathway through which the CD4(+) T cell immunoresponse to tumor Ags occurs in vivo.
Engineered Antibodies as Pharmacological Tools (1992)

The ability to engineer the antibody molecule has now progressed to the stage where one can realistically contemplate creating a pharmacologically useful targeting molecule comprising a single-chain, minimal antibody combining site together with a domain that imparts a second functionality. It will certainly be possible in the near future to adjust the fine specificity and affinity of the antibody domain, either by in vitro selection methods or by site-directed mutagenesis based on structural criteria. The functional domain could be an enzyme, a toxin, or any other protein that suits a pharmacological purpose. In this review I have illustrated these directions primarily by summarizing work from my laboratory and those of my collaborators. The review covers single point mutations in the heavy chains of digoxin-specific antibodies that either strikingly diminish or strikingly enhance recognition of a small feature of the antigen, the position 12 OH moiety in the steroid nucleus. The principles for constructing a minimal, single-chain antigen-binding domain based on one of the digoxin-specific antibodies are also outlined, as are the principles for incorporating such domains into fusion proteins. Finally, as a practical application of antibody-targeted enzymes, the construction and evaluation of an anti-fibrin antibody-single-chain urokinase fusion protein is examined. This protein has enhanced potency and specificity both in vivo and in vitro, and it offers the promise of increased therapeutic efficacy as well as diminished toxicity.
AGAMOUS-LIKE 24, a dosage-dependent mediator of the flowering signals (2002)

The most dramatic phase change in plants is the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. This flowering process is regulated by several interacting pathways that monitor both the developmental state of the plants and environmental cues such as light and temperature. The flowering-time genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1), together with the floral meristem identity gene LEAFY (LFY), are three essential regulators integrating floral signals from multiple pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Part of the crosstalk among these genes is mediated by a putative transcription factor, AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24). This gene is gradually activated in shoot apical meristems during the floral transition and later located in the whole zone of both inflorescence and floral meristems. Loss and reduction of AGL24 activity by double-stranded RNA-mediated interference result in late flowering, whereas constitutive overexpression of AGL24 causes precocious flowering. The correlation between the level of AGL24 accumulation and the alteration of flowering time suggests that AGL24 is a dosage-dependent flowering promoter. Analysis of AGL24 expression in various flowering-time mutants shows that it is regulated in several floral inductive pathways. Further genetic analyses of epistasis indicate that AGL24 may act downstream of SOC1 and upstream of LFY.
El conocimiento de la identidad de los consocios: el alcance del derecho a examen del libro registro (2017)

La identificacion de los datos relativos a los socios de una sociedad reviste una gran importancia esencialmente en dos situaciones concretas: (i) la adquisicion del control de la sociedad; y (ii) la retencion de dicho control.

Los datos identificativos de los socios (salvo en el caso de acciones al portador) estan consignados en el libro registro de socios y en el libro registro de acciones nominativas, segun sea el caso.

En consecuencia, el acceso al contenido de dichos libros, cuya custodia tienen encomendado el organo de administracion de la sociedad, es de gran importancia en las mencionadas situaciones.

El presente articulo tiene por objeto analizar el alcance del derecho a examen del libro registro por parte de los socios en virtud de los arts. 105 y 116 de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital, teniendo en cuenta la normativa sobre proteccion de datos.

Finalmente, es intencion de los autores analizar en que medida se pueden utilizar los datos identificativos de los socios en base al mencionado derecho a examen ante diferentes escenarios que se consideran relevantes.
Assignments of the 13C and 1H NMR spectra of azithromycin in CDCl3 (1991)

Abstract The 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra of azithromycin were unambiguously assigned using DEPT, 2D‐INADEQUATE, HC correlation spectroscopy and other 2D NMR methods.
Grignard Reactions. XVII.1 The Reactions of Esters and Acid Chlorides with Grignard Reagents (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrignard Reactions. XVII.1 The Reactions of Esters and Acid Chlorides with Grignard ReagentsFrank C. Whitmore and W. S. ForsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 12, 2966–2968Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01264a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01264a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The E1a Gene of Adenovirus Type 2 Reduces the Metastatic Potential of ras -Transformed Rat Embryo Cells (1988)

We have previously demonstrated that second-passage rat embryo cells transformed by the ras oncogene alone are both tumorigenic and highly metastatic when injected into nude mice. In contrast, rat embryo cells cotransformed with the ras oncogene and the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) E1a gene are tumorigenic but either fail to metastasize or exhibit a very low metastatic potential. In this report, we demonstrate that transfection of the Ad2 E1a gene into four independent ras-transformed rat embryo cell lines results in a dramatic reduction in metastatic potential relative to that of the parental cell line. Transfection of cDNAs for the 12S and 13S E1a transcripts showed that the 12S cDNA was highly effective in reducing the metastatic potential of ras-transformed cell lines, while the 13S cDNA showed an effect in only one of the two cell lines tested. This effect is specific to the Ad2 E1a gene, since ras-transformed cell lines expressing the Ad12 E1a gene maintained their high metastatic potential. We hypothesize that the Ad2 E1a gene may regulate the expression of one or more cellular genes that contribute to the metastatic phenotype.