gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipoptosis (2004)

A balanced lipid metabolism is crucial for all cells. Disturbance of this homeostasis by nonphysiological intracellular accumulation of fatty acids can result in apoptosis. This was proven in animal studies and was correlated to some human diseases, like lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Some metabolic mechanisms of lipo-apoptosis were described, and some causes were discussed, but reagents, which directly induce lipo-apoptosis, have thus far not been identified. The human monoclonal IgM antibody SAM-6 was isolated from a stomach cancer patient by using the conventional human hybridoma technology (trioma technique). The addition of SAM-6 to tumor cells leads to an increase in the intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids, followed by tumor cell apoptosis. The antibody SAM-6 does not react with noncancerous human epithelial and fibroblastic cells, because the M(r) 140000 membrane molecule, recognized by the antibody, is specifically expressed on human malignant cells. The antibody is coded by the germ-line genes IgHV3-30.3*01 and IgLV3-1*01 and is a component of the innate immunity to cancer. In this article, we describe an antibody-induced tumor-specific cell death, named lipoptosis. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of this specific form of lipo-apoptosis as an antibody-mediated mechanism of tumor cell killing.
Transport-based image reconstruction in turbid media with small source–detector separations (2000)

We demonstrate a new method for imaging through several millimeters of a turbid sample with a resolution of approximately 100 mum by combining aspects of confocal reflectance microscopy and diffuse optical tomography. By laterally displacing the pinhole aperture of a confocal microscope we can achieve small source-detector separations and detect minimally scattered light. A reconstruction algorithm based on the first Born approximation to the radiative transport equation is then used to reconstruct an image of a 100-mum absorbing object located 2 mm beneath the surface.
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17 synergistically stimulate IL-6 secretion in human colonic myofibroblasts. (2002)

There is increasing evidence that interleukin (IL)-4 can aid in Th1-type inflammatory responses in chronic colitis models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IL-4 and/or IL-17 on IL-6 secretion in human colonic myofibroblasts. IL-6 secretion was determined by ELISA and Northern blotting. IL-6 secretion was rapidly induced by either IL-4 or IL-17. IL-17 induced IL-6 mRNA expression within 1 h after stimulation, and reached a maximum at 3 h. IL-6 mRNA induction by IL-4 occurred more rapidly. A maximum induction of IL-6 mRNA by IL-4 was observed at 1 h after stimulation, and this was rapidly decreased. The combination of IL-4 plus IL-17 greatly enhanced IL-6 secretion and mRNA expression. In conclusion, IL-4, in particular IL-4 plus IL-17, induced IL-6 secretion in human colonic myofibroblasts. Th2 immune responses might play an important role in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation.
Analysis of the Interface Curvature Evolution During Bubble Growth (2013)

This study presents an experimental investigation on the local curvature of the bubble interface and its relation to local bubble growth regimes and bubble detachment. An experimental facility has been built in order to produce bubbles by nucleating on a 180-m-diameter artificial nucleation site on a horizontal copper surface. High-speed videography was used to observe and capture the boiling phenomenon, and an image-processing code has been developed in order to determine the local curvature of the bubble interface through the two main radii of curvature. As the evolution of the curvature at the apex of the bubble reflects the evolution of the vapor pressure inside the bubble, it is shown that inertia plays a negligible role and that bubble growth is dictated by thermal diffusion considerations. The measured curvature profile along the bubble has been compared to the hydrostatic Young–Laplace curvature relation. It is observed that the curvature profile near the base diverges from the theoretical prediction as the bubble forms a neck during its growth. This observation can be related both to the successive stages or regimes of growth and to the mechanism of bubble detachment.
Randomized, double-blind comparison of ondansetron versus ondansetron plus metopimazine as antiemetic prophylaxis during platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with cancer. (1997)

Metopimazine plus ondansetron was significantly superior to ondansetron alone, concerning all efficacy parameters assessed, in patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy.
A DNA Vaccine Targeting Fos-Related Antigen 1 Enhanced by IL-18 Induces Long-lived T-Cell Memory against Tumor Recurrence (2005)

A novel vaccination strategy induced specific CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity that eradicated spontaneous and experimental pulmonary cancer metastases in syngeneic mice and was also effective in a therapeutic setting of established breast cancer metastases. This was achieved by targeting transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1(Fra-1), overexpressed by many tumor cells, with an ubiquitinated DNA vaccine against Fra-1, coexpressing secretory IL-18. Insight into the immunologic mechanisms involved was provided by adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from successfully immunized BALB/c mice to syngeneic severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Specifically, long-lived T memory cells were maintained dormant in nonlymphoid tissues by IL-18 in the absence of tumor antigen. Importantly, a second tumor cell challenge of these SCID mice restored both, robust tumor-specific cytotoxicity and long-lived T-cell memory, capable of eradicating established pulmonary cancer metastases, suggesting that this vaccine could be effective against tumor recurrence.
Establishment of the epithelial-specific transcriptome of normal and malignant human breast cells based on MPSS and array expression data (2006)

Using highly enriched cell populations in combination with multiplatform gene expression profiling studies, a comprehensive analysis of molecular changes between the normal and malignant breast tissue was established. This study provides a basis for the identification of novel and potentially important targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in breast cancer.
Introduction: Ionic Liquids (2017)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are normally defined as compounds completely composed of ions with melting point below 100 °C. The first IL (ethylammonium nitrate) was reported by Paul Walden in 1914, who at that time never realized that ILs would become a major scientific area after almost one century. Actually, ILs as innovative fluids have received wide attention only during the past two decades. The number of SCI papers published on ILs has exponentially increased from a few in 1996 to &gt;5000 in 2016, exceeding the annual growth rates of other popular scientific areas. This indicates that more and more researchers are engaged in studying this exciting area, with the outcomes being plentiful. A multidisciplinary study on ILs is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of ILs become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of ILs are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. This is attributed to numerous combinations of cations and anions that meet the definition of ILs, leading to a diverse suite of behaviors. Regardless, ILs remain more desirable than conventional volatile solvents and/or catalysts in many physical and chemical processes, often exhibiting “green” and “designer” properties to a useful degree.
Technetium-99m-N,N-ethylenedicysteine--a comparative study of renal scintigraphy with technetium-99m-MAG3 and iodine-131-OIH in patients with obstructive renal disease. (1994)

It is concluded that 99mTc-EC has excellent imaging characteristics and similar excretion properties to OIH. The advantages of 99mTc-EC over 99mTc-MAG3 are lower hepatobiliary uptake and simplicity of preparation.
Longitudinal micro-CT provides biomarkers of lung disease that can be used to assess the effect of therapy in preclinical mouse models, and reveal compensatory changes in lung volume (2015)

In vivo lung micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is being increasingly embraced in pulmonary research because it provides longitudinal information on dynamic disease processes in a field in which ex vivo assessment of experimental disease models is still the gold standard. To optimize the quantitative monitoring of progression and therapy of lung diseases, we evaluated longitudinal changes in four different micro-CT-derived biomarkers [aerated lung volume, lung tissue (including lesions) volume, total lung volume and mean lung density], describing normal development, lung infections, inflammation, fibrosis and therapy. Free-breathing mice underwent micro-CT before and repeatedly after induction of lung disease (bleomycin-induced fibrosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis) and therapy (imatinib). The four lung biomarkers were quantified. After the last time point, we performed pulmonary function tests and isolated the lungs for histology. None of the biomarkers remained stable during longitudinal follow-up of adult healthy mouse lungs, implying that biomarkers should be compared with age-matched controls upon intervention. Early inflammation and progressive fibrosis led to a substantial increase in total lung volume, which affects the interpretation of aerated lung volume, tissue volume and mean lung density measures. Upon treatment of fibrotic lung disease, the improvement in aerated lung volume and function was not accompanied by a normalization of the increased total lung volume. Significantly enlarged lungs were also present in models of rapidly and slowly progressing lung infections. The data suggest that total lung volume changes could partly reflect a compensatory mechanism that occurs during disease progression in mice. Our findings underscore the importance of quantifying total lung volume in addition to aerated lung or lesion volumes to accurately document growth and potential compensatory mechanisms in mouse models of lung disease, in order to fully describe and understand dynamic processes during lung disease onset, progression and therapy. This is highly relevant for the translation of therapy evaluation results from preclinical studies to human patients.
Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Attachment 6. Preclinical and Human Pharmacokinetic Profiling of BMS-663749, a Phosphonooxymethyl Prodrug of the HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor 2-(4-Benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoethanone (BMS-488043) (2012)

BMS-663749, a phosphonooxymethyl prodrug 4 of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor 2-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoethanone (BMS-488043) (2) was prepared and profiled in a variety of preclinical in vitro and in vivo models designed to assess its ability to deliver parent drug following oral administration. The data showed that prodrug 4 had excellent potential to significantly reduce dissolution rate-limited absorption following oral dosing in humans. Clinical studies in normal healthy subjects confirmed the potential of 4, revealing that the prodrug significantly increased both the AUC and C(max) of 2 compared to a solid capsule formulation containing the parent drug upon dose escalation. These data provided guidance for further efforts to obtain an effective HIV-1 attachment inhibitor.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer (2006)

OBGYN.net Conference Coverage From the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) 5th Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark-July, 2000
Bleomycin-induced scleroderma. (2004)

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease, which can be triggered by environmental factors. We report one such case of bleomycin-induced scleroderma.
A family of IGF-II mRNA binding proteins (IMP) involved in RNA trafficking (2001)

During a search for trans-acting factors associating with insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNAs, we recently identified a family of three IGF-II mRNA-binding Proteins (IMP1, IMP2 and IMP3) that exhibit multiple attachments to IGF-II leader 3 mRNA and the reciprocally imprinted H19 RNA. IMPs contain the unique combination of two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and four hnRNP K homology (KH) domains. IMP1 is orthologous to the chicken zipcode-binding protein (ZBP-1), and the mouse c-myc coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) that associates with beta-actin and c-myc mRNA, respectively. Moreover, the p62 protein identified in hepatocellular carcinoma represents a splice variant of IMP2, and IMP3 is orthologous to the Xenopus Vegetal 1 RNA-binding protein (Vgl-RBP/Vera). IMPs are produced in a biphasic fashion--initially during the early stages of embryogenesis and subsequently later in development. IMPs and their orthologues are predominantly cytoplasmic and are implicated in the transport of their RNA targets towards the leading edge in somatic cells and to the vegetal pole in Xenopus oocytes, respectively. RNA localization is a conserved mechanism of polarizing genetic information in the establishment of asymmetries during both embryogenesis and adult life, enabling local protein synthesis at final destinations within the cell. The identification of developmentally expressed zipcode-binding proteins indicates that RNA trafficking participates in processes such as cell-growth and migration during embryogenesis.
Interface Control in Organic Electronics Using Mixed Monolayers of Carboranethiol Isomers (2014)

We employ mixed self-assembled monolayers of carboranethiols to alter the work function of gold and silver systematically. We use isomers of symmetric carboranethiol cage molecules to vary molecular dipole moments and directions, which enable work function tunability over a wide range with minimal alterations in surface energy. Mixed monolayers of carboranethiol isomers provide an ideal platform for the study and fabrication of solution-processed organic field-effect transistors; improved device performance is demonstrated by interface engineering.
Improved stability of multivalent antibodies containing the human collagen XV trimerization domain (2012)

We recently described the in vitro and in vivo properties of an engineered homotrimeric antibody made by fusing the N-terminal trimerization region of collagen XVIII NC1 domain to the C-terminus of a scFv fragment [trimerbody (scFv-NC1) 3; 110 kDa]. Here, we demonstrated the utility of the N-terminal trimerization region of collagen XV NC1 domain in the engineering of trivalent antibodies. We constructed several scFv-based trimerbodies containing the human type XV trimerization domain and demonstrated that all the purified trimerbodies were trimeric in solution and exhibited excellent antigen binding capacity. Importantly, type XV trimerbodies demonstrated substantially greater thermal and serum stability and resistance to protease digestion than type XVIII trimerbodies. In summary, the small size, high expression level, solubility and stability of the trimerization domain of type XV collagen make it the ideal choice for engineering homotrimeric antibodies for cancer detection and therapy.
Identification, purification and partial characterisation of an oligonucleotide receptor in membranes of HepG2 cells (2000)

The low and unpredictable uptake and cytosolic transfer of oligonucleotides (ODN) is a major reason for their limited benefit. Improving the ODN potential for therapy and research requires a better understanding of their receptor-mediated endocytosis. We have undertaken to identify a membrane ODN receptor on HepG2 cells by ligand blotting of cell extracts with [(125)I]ODN and by photolabelling of living cells with a [(125)I]ODN-benzophenone conjugate. A major band at 66 kDa was identified by the two methods. Its labelling was saturable and competed for by unlabelled ODN of various sequences and irrespective of the presence of a phosphodiester or phosphoro-thioate backbone. This protein remained sedimentable after carbonate extraction, indicating strong membrane association. About half of the total cell amount resisted extensive surface proteolysis, suggesting a dual localisation at the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles. The protein was purified using a biotinylated ODN-benzophenone conjugate by photocrosslinking followed by streptavidin affinity purification. A sequence obtained by Edman degradation showed no homology with known proteins. Using anti-peptide antisera, labelling by western blotting revealed at 66 kDa a band with comparable properties as found by ligand blotting. Thus, a new membrane protein acting as an ODN receptor has been demonstrated.
Differential scanning calorimetry of raw and annealed starch isolated from normal and mutant maize genotypes (1987)

Cereal Chern. 64(3): l8i-190 Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study gelatinization of laboratory-isolated starcb granules from normal and mutant maize varieties. Samples were studied in their native condition and after annealing by heating at 50° C in excess water for 48 hr. Native starches exhibited considerable variation in enthalpy and temperature range ofgelatinization in a pattern consistent with the composition and degree of crystallinity of Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was first used for measuring gelatinization of starch by Stevens and Elton (1971). As part of their study. they examined maize starches from normaL waxy, and high-amylose genotypes and found significant variation in temperature range and enthalpy of gelatinization. From those studies they concluded that the role of amylopectin was more important than that of amylose in gelatinization. DSC has since become an important tool for study of starch gelatinization, and numerous studies have been published. The work of Donovan (1979) was especially important for developing a well-founded thermodynamic approach to gelatinization based on DSC measurements. Recently, we reported the use of DSC for studying the effects of annealing on the gelatinization characteristics of corn starch (Krueger et al 1987). Annealing, defined as the heating of starch in excess water at subgelatinization temperatures, was first shown by the birefringence studies of Gough and Pybus (1971) to narrow the temperature range and raise the peak temperature of wheat starch gelatinization: however, quantitative data such as enthalpy measurements could not be obtained by their technique. In our studies, we found that annealing increased the enthalpy of gelatinization. and that annealed (or partially annealed) starches from different maize varieties varied in gelatinization charactcristics. We also demonstrated that commercially prepared starches showed characteristics of annealed starch. indicating that the temperature and moisture conditions employed in the wet milling process cause annealing of the starch. In this study, we are extending our investigation to starches from mutant genotypes in order to determine the effect of annealing on starches of varying composition and degree of crystallinity. Several maize endosperm mutants have their primary effect on the synthesis of starch or of a particular protein. Many mutants in the group, including shrunken (517), shrunken-2 (5172). brittle (hI). brittle-2 (hI2), waxy (H'x). amylose-extender (ae), sugary (su), sugary-2 (su2), and dull (du), cause variation in amylose percentage or the total amount of starch accumulation. In addition to their effects on polysaccharide composition, these mutants alone and in combination have noticeable effects on kernel development or on starch granule development and morphology (Brown et aI1971). The group of mutants including opaque-2 (02), opaque-6 (06). opaque-7 (07). floury (jl), floury-2 ((/2). and floury­ 3 (/73) change endosperm protein production. The prolamin (zein)
Math5 (Atoh7) gene dosage limits retinal ganglion cell genesis (2012)

The basic helix–loop–helix factor Math5 (Atoh7) is critical for the determination of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) fate in mice. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified theATOH7locus as a major determinant of variation in the human optic disc area, which is directly correlated with the RGC number. These studies suggest that the level ofMath5expression may determine the ultimate number of RGCs. To test this hypothesis, we systematically compared optic nerve area and RGC axon number in C57BL/6J congenicMath5+/- and +/+ mice at young adult and neonatal ages by transmission electron microscopy. Optic disc area and RGC abundance were not significantly different in adults, but heterozygotes had thinner optic nerves and 25–30% fewer RGCs at birth than wild-type littermates (P<0.05). Our results suggest thatMath5dosage is important for the genesis, but not the ultimate number, of RGCs. Our findings highlight the importance of ganglion cell culling as a compensatory mechanism for retinal homeostasis, and support a quantitative role forMath5in RGC specification.
The thyroid hormone receptor can unmask a glucose response in the S14 gene. (1993)

The rat S14 gene is synergistically regulated by thyroid hormone and carbohydrates. The 5'-flanking region of this gene contains both carbohydrate and thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). We recently located the carbohydrate response element (CHORE) between -1583 and -1069 bases from the start site of transcription that is required for glucose induction of this gene. We have now studied the relationship between the effects of CHORE, TREs, and thyroid hormone receptor on the carbohydrate regulation of transcription. We used a transient cotransfection assay with a plasmid containing 5 kilobases (kb) of the up-stream region from the S14 gene ligated to a luciferase reporter and a thyroid hormone receptor expression vector. Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor reduced the response of the reporter to glucose. Ligand-bound thyroid hormone receptor significantly enhanced the glucose response from the 5-kb promoter. While deletion of the CHORE (5-kb delta CHORE) from the 5-kb S14 promoter eliminated the glucose response without cotransfection of the thyroid receptor, deletion of the CHORE did not affect the glucose response when both thyroid hormone receptor was cotransfected and thyroid hormone was present. However, deletion of the TREs (-3261 to -2110) from the 5-kb delta CHORE construct abolished the effect. These data suggest that the thyroid hormone receptor functions as or in association with a trans-acting glucose response factor. The site of interaction between thyroid hormone and glucose is localized to an area of the gene that is different from the previously described CHORE.