gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Human Melanoma Cells to Autologous Natural Killer (NK) Cell Killing: HLA-Related Effector Mechanisms and Role of Unlicensed NK Cells (2009)

We have investigated in details the mechanisms controlling the recognition and lysis of melanoma cells by autologous NK cells. In these autologous settings, we demonstrated an efficient in vitro killing upon NK cell activation by mechanisms that may be related or not to abnormalities of HLA class I expression on melanoma cells. These findings should be taken into account in the design of novel immunotherapy approaches against melanoma.
Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design (1975)

Keywords: Probabiliste ; Methode statistique Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Map Matching with Travel Time Constraints (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Map matching determines which road a vehicle is on based on inaccurate measured locations, such as GPS points. Simple algorithms, such as nearest road matching, fail often. We introduce a new algorithm that finds a sequence of road segments which simultaneously match the measured locations &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; which are traversable in the time intervals associated with the measurements. The time constraint, implemented with a hidden Markov model, greatly reduces the errors made by nearest road matching. We trained and tested the new algorithm on data taken from a large pool of real drivers.&lt;/div&gt;
The Oncogenic Serine/Threonine Kinase Pim-1 Phosphorylates and Inhibits the Activity of Cdc25C-associated Kinase 1 (C-TAK1) (2004)

The Pim-1 oncogene encodes a serine-threonine kinase that relays signals from cytokine receptors and contributes to the formation of lymphoid tumors when expressed at high levels. Here we show that the protein kinase Cdc25 C-associated kinase 1 (C-TAK1) is a binding partner and a substrate of Pim-1. A physical interaction of Pim-1 and C-TAK1 could be shown biochemically and in yeast two-hybrid assays. Immunofluorescence experiments suggested that Pim-1.C-TAK1 complexes are predominantly cytoplasmic. When transiently transfected, Pim-1 was also found in the nucleus and could recruit C-TAK1 to this compartment. Both Pim-1 and C-TAK1 underwent autophosphorylation, but only Pim-1 was able to phosphorylate C-TAK1 but not vice versa. Mass spectrometry analysis of C-TAK1 suggested that the sites of autophosphorylation and Pim-1-mediated phosphorylation are distinct and not overlapping. Phosphorylation by Pim-1 decreased C-TAK1 kinase activity significantly, in particular its ability to phosphorylate and inactivate Cdc25C, a protein that actively promotes cell cycle progression at the G(2)/M phase. Hence our findings directly suggest a novel role for Pim-1 as a positive regulator at the G(2)/M transition of the cell cycle.
Molecular genetics of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin‧s lymphomas: unusual prevalence and pattern of c-myc rearrangements in aggressive lymphomas (1990)

Thirty-two extranodal lymphomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract underwent molecular genetic analysis by Southern blotting using probes for the immunoglobulin genes and the bcl-1, bcl-2, and c-myc loci, commonly involved in lymphomagenesis. No bcl-1 rearrangements were found. There was only one large-cell lymphoma with a bcl-2 rearrangement. A rearrangement of the c-myc gene was found in six of eight Burkittlike lymphomas of the intestine. In five of these six cases, a chromosomal translocation t(8;14) with an unusual breakpoint was demonstrated by comigration of the rearranged c-myc and a rearranged JH sequence. This pattern of rearrangement has not been previously associated with a specific group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In contrast to all six low-grade lymphomas, c-myc rearrangements were found in 6 of 12 large-cell or high-grade mucosa-associated lymphomas of the stomach. No comigration of c-myc and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene sequences were found. We conclude that primary GI lymphomas have different molecular genetic characteristics compared with node-based follicle center-cell lymphoma and as a group are not related to these lymphomas. In addition, the prevalence and patterns of c-myc rearrangements in the gastric large-cell lymphomas and ileocecal Burkittlike lymphomas are noteworthy and suggest a different and distinct pathogenesis for these tumors.
Differential inhibition of Candida albicans CYP51 with azole antifungal stereoisomers (1997)

Azole antifungal compounds are important in agriculture and in the treatment of mycotic infection The target enzyme, sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), is inhibited through binding of triazole N-4 to the haem of this P450, as a sixth ligand together with the N-1 substituent groups interacting in some way with the apoprotein. Here we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression systems for the target enzyme of Candida albicans to investigate binding of enantiomers of the azole antifungal compounds SCH39304 and tetraconazole. A molecular model produced previously provided qualitative explanations for these differences. Interaction of the azole antifungal aromatic group with Phe-233 or -235 may cause the higher activity for (R)-tetraconazole while inactivity of the (SS)-enantiomer of SCH39304 was predicted to result from incompatibility of the hydrophilic sulfonyl moiety when located into the hydrophobic pocket of the active site.
Structures of the Complexes of a Potent Anti-HIV Protein Cyanovirin-N and High Mannose Oligosaccharides (2002)

The development of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides for either topical or ex vivo use is of considerable interest, mainly due to the difficulties in creating a vaccine that would be active against multiple clades of HIV. Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), an 11-kDa protein from the cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) Nostoc ellipsosporum with potent virucidal activity, was identified in the search for such antiviral agents. The binding of CV-N to the heavily glycosylated HIV envelope protein gp120 is carbohydrate-dependent. Since previous CV-N-dimannose structures could not fully explain CV-N-oligomannose binding, we determined the crystal structures of recombinant CV-N complexed to Man-9 and a synthetic hexamannoside, at 2.5- and 2.4-A resolution, respectively. CV-N is a three-dimensional domain-swapped dimer in the crystal structures with two primary sites near the hinge region and two secondary sites on the opposite ends of the dimer. The binding interface is constituted of three stacked alpha1-->2-linked mannose rings for Man-9 and two stacked mannose rings for hexamannoside with the rest of the saccharide molecules pointing to the solution. These structures show unequivocally the binding geometry of high mannose sugars to CV-N, permitting a better understanding of carbohydrate binding to this potential new lead for the design of drugs against AIDS.
CARCASS TISSUE YIELD AND DISTRIBUTION IN THREE BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF CATTLE FED GRAIN OR FORAGE-BASED DIETS (1985)

One hundred and eighty-nine steers comprising 63 small (S) rotational crossbreds, 66 large (L) rotational crossbreeds and 60 Holsteins (H) were fed either a concentrate diet based on corn silage and high-moisture corn, or a forage diet based on a mixture of corn silage and alfalfa haylage. All steers were fed ad libitum and slaughtered to cover a range in external fatness (0–15 mm subcutaneous fat). Steers were removed from feed 36 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The left side of each carcass was separated into depot fat, lean and bone. At the same proportion of subcutaneous fat (63 g/kg carcass), S and L carcasses had greater proportions of carcass lean (P &lt; 0.001), but less fat (P &lt; 0.01) and bone (P &lt; 0.001) than carcasses from H Steers. Small and large carcasses had greater muscle to bone ratios (P &lt; 0.001) than carcasses from H steers. Diet had no effect on lean tissue proportions, but forage feeding increased carcass bone (P &lt; 0.001) and decreased carcass fat (P &lt; 0.01). Forage feeding also resulted in carcasses with lower muscle to bone ratios (P &lt; 0.01) than carcasses produced from grain feeding. Holstein-carcasses had more carcass fat partitioned into the body cavity depot and less into the subcutaneous depot than S and L carcasses, but diet had no effect on fat partitioning. Biological type (S, L or H) and diet were found to have a minor effect on fat distribution. The results are discussed with reference to carcass evaluation of beef and dairy cattle fed diets based on forage or grain. Key words: Biological type, diet, carcass composition, carcass grading
Isonitrile, V. Darstellung von α.β‐ungesättigten Isonitrilen, β‐Keto‐ und β‐Chlor‐isonitrilen. Synthese des Xanthocillin‐dimethyläthers (1965)

Abstract Einige ω‐Formylamino‐acetophenone wurden mit Natriumborhydrid zu 2‐Formylamino‐1‐phenyl‐äthanolen‐(1) reduziert, diese mit Phosphoroxychlorid in Pyridin behandelt. Es resultierten die entsprechenden β‐Chlor‐β‐phenyl‐äthylisonitrile. Nur in zwei Fällen entstanden durch HCl‐Eliminierung Styrylisonitrile. Unter Anwendung der gewonnenen Erfahrungen gelang es, N . N ′‐Diformyl‐1.2‐bis‐[4‐methoxy‐benzoyl]‐äthylendiamin in das α.β‐ungesättigte 1.2‐Di‐isonitril Xanthocillin‐dimethyläther umzuwandeln und damit die analytisch ermittelte Struktur des Antibiotikums durch eine übersichtliche Synthese zu bestätigen.
Functional somatic syndromes, stress pathologies, and epigenetics. (2008)

but they are common world-wide and are seen by practically all subspecialties of medicine. They pointed out that the more common FSS described by multi-ple papers in the literature include the following:• irritable bowel syndrome,• chronic fatigue syndrome,• ﬁ bromyalgia syndrome,• premenstrual syndrome,• non-ulcer dyspepsia,• chronic pelvic pain, • hypoglycemia,• low back pain, • sick building syndrome,• Gulf War syndrome,• tension headache, • temporomandibular joint disorder, • repetitive strain injury, • multiple chemical sensitivity, • interstitial cystitis, • chronic Lyme disease, and • food hypersensitivity. Their explanation for the etiology of these diverse FSS was related to the interaction of organic disease processes, dysfunc-tional peripheral stimuli, and dysfunctional early and current relationships that result in the expression of “bodily stress” and associated changes in mood, including anxiety and depression. The clinical endpoint for this complex etiology is varied clinical presentations of the “loss of functioning” of the individual. The treatment approach that Henningsen, Zipfel, and Herzog suggest as the optimal program with which to manage FSS is to (1) implement a patient-centered approach to care by evaluating the antecedents and stimuli that create the current signs and symp-toms; (2) evaluate biomarkers that establish early recognition of potential dysfunctional physiology and function at the physical, emotional, and cognitive levels; and (3) focus on the context of the FSS by looking at the patient’s environment, healthcare sys-tem, and cultural beliefs. Their deﬁ nition of FSS and their assess-ment and management follows the clinical approach described in the
Optimization of photoconductivity in vacuum-evaporated tin sulfide thin films (1999)

Annealing in air and argon each produces an increase of a factor of 5 or more in the photoconductivity/dark conductivity ratio (Gph/Gdark) of vacuum-evaporated tin sulfide (SnS) thin films on glass substrates with copper contacts. No significant increase in Gph/Gdark is observed after annealing SnS thin films with silver contacts. Annealing in air at or above 250 °C for 5 min dramatically increases the dark conductivity of the films. Annealing in Ar produces no significant increase in dark conductivity. It is probable that the rise in dark conductivity that accompanies annealing in air is caused by thermal activation of oxygen acceptors followed at higher temperatures by the conversion of SnS to SnO2. The films display photoconductivity from the near-infrared to the ultraviolet. The thinnest films we have produced (18 nm) display the highest Gph/Gdark and are three times more photoconductive at 400 nm than they are at 700 nm.
The role of the state in the ruin of America (2011)

Some Baby Boomers regard Mark Steyn as the social commentator who has most betrayed his generation. But there might be an argument that Steyn, born in 1959, does not properly qualify as a Boomer. He was too young in 1967 to appreciate the celestial significance of the Summer of Love when 100,000 Boomers converged on Haight-Ashbury and ingested vast quantities of psychoactive drugs in search of peace, love and understanding. For Mark Steyn and his immediate contemporaries, John and Yoko's bed-ins were less about the dawning of the Age of Aquarius than the disturbing tale of two middle-aged poseurs addicted in equal measure to drugs and media attention.
Engineered Zinc Finger Proteins for Controlling Stem Cell Fate (2003)

Stem cells are functionally defined as progenitor cells that can self-renew and differentiate. Critical transitions in these cells are controlled via signaling pathways and subsequent transcriptional regulation. Technologies capable of modulating the levels of gene expression, especially those of transcription factors, represent powerful tools for research and could potentially be used in therapeutic applications. In this study, we evaluated the ability of synthetic zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZFP-TFs) to cause the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. We constructed ZFP-TFs that target the mouse Oct-4 gene (which is a major regulator of ES cell pluripotency and self-renewal). These designed transcription factors were able to regulate the transcription of Oct-4, affecting the expression of downstream genes and thus regulating ES cell differentiation.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS IN STERILISED HUMAN MILK (1977)

Human milk contains factors such as IgA and lactoferrin that increase the newborn infant9s resistance to infection. Preterm infants are fed pooled milk, which is normally sterilised by heating. After standard heat sterilisation IgA and lactoferrin were undetectable in milk samples. Pasteurisation also sterilised milk samples even after heavy artificial contamination and did not damage the proteins. Gamma-irradiation sterilised equally effectively but caused some denaturation of IgA and lactoferrin. Since most of the milk samples were sterile or had only light contamination with skin bacteria, there seems to be no need for routine sterilisation. If sterilisation is necessary, the method used should be chosen to minimise damage to milk proteins.
Waveshaping of multicarrier signal for data transmission over wireless channels (2002)

In this paper waveshaping of multicarrier (MC) signal for digital data transmission through a multipath channel is addressed. The Bartlett, half-sine, raised cosine, Blackman, Shanon and sine squared waveforms are considered. The influence of these waveshapes on the bit error performance of the system and in particular on the power of the intersymbol interference (ISI), intercarrier interference (ICI)-which is due to distortion of orthogonality by the multipath channel-as well as the noise, is studied and compared. Results can be used in the analysis and design of the MC modulation method for high speed data transmission over multipath mobile/indoor radio channels.
Effects of Delayed Speech Feedback (1950)

Delayed speech feedback may act as a governor of the average speed of speech operating on the phoneme unit. Certain aurally monitored manual tasks resemble the speech mechanism. The trigger-like nature of aurally monitored voice on the more rapid articulation element is described. A speech mechanism model is portrayed which satisfies phenomena of natural speech, artificial stutter, and motor aphasias.
Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation, the Aging Immune Response, and Risk of Infection (2009)

Immunological vigor declines with age, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In addition, the elderly are at greater risk for low intake of several vitamins and minerals known to influence the immune response. Recent studies have shown that supplementing the elderly with single nutrients or mixtures of vitamins and minerals at levels that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) significantly improves certain indices of the immune response. In one study, improved immune response was associated with decreased frequency of infectious diseases, indicating that nutrient-induced immunological improvement clinically enhances the health of the elderly.
Functional characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of human N-acetyltransferase 2 (2007)

Human N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is polymorphic in humans and may associate with cancer risk by modifying individual susceptibility to cancers from carcinogen exposure. Since molecular epidemiological studies investigating these associations usually include determining NAT2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes or genotypes, their conclusions can be compromised by the uncertainty of genotype-phenotype relationships. We characterized NAT2 SNPs and haplotypes by cloning and expressing recombinant NAT2 allozymes in mammalian cells. The reference and variant recombinant NAT2 allozymes were characterized for arylamine N-acetylation and O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-arylamines. SNPs and haplotypes that conferred reduced enzymatic activity did so by reducing NAT2 protein without changing NAT2 mRNA levels. Among SNPs that reduced catalytic activity, G191A (R64Q), G590A (R197Q) and G857A (G286E) reduced protein half-life but T341C (I114T), G499A (E167K) and A411T (L137F) did not. G857A (G286E) and the major haplotype possessing this SNP (NAT2 7B) altered the affinity to both substrate and cofactor acetyl coenzyme A, resulting in reduced catalytic activity toward some substrates but not others. Our results suggest that coding region SNPs confer slow acetylator phenotype by multiple mechanisms that also may vary with arylamine exposures.
Identification of a Dihydropyridine as a Potent α1a Adrenoceptor-Selective Antagonist That Inhibits Phenylephrine-Induced Contraction of the Human Prostate (1998)

A number of novel dihydropyridine derivatives based upon 1, 4-dihydro-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-((3-(4, 4-diphenylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)aminocarbonyl)pyridine (4) have been synthesized and tested at cloned human alpha adrenoceptors as well as the rat L-type calcium channel. Within this compound series, 5-(aminocarbonyl)-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-((3-(4, 4-diphenylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)aminocarbonyl)pyridine (19) displayed good binding affinity and selectivity for the alpha1a adrenoceptor (pKi = 8.73) and potently inhibited (pA2 = 9.23) phenylephrine-induced contraction of the human prostate.
A Linguistically Inspired Statistical Model for Chinese Punctuation Generation (2010)

This article investigates a relatively underdeveloped subject in natural language processing---the generation of punctuation marks. From a theoretical perspective, we study 16 Chinese punctuation marks as defined in the Chinese national standard of punctuation usage, and categorize these punctuation marks into three different types according to their syntactic properties. We implement a three-tier maximum entropy model incorporating linguistically-motivated features for generating the commonly used Chinese punctuation marks in unpunctuated sentences output by a surface realizer. Furthermore, we present a method to automatically extract cue words indicating sentence-final punctuation marks as a specialized feature to construct a more precise model. Evaluating on the Penn Chinese Treebank data, the MaxEnt model achieves an f -score of 79.83% for punctuation insertion and 74.61% for punctuation restoration using gold data input, 79.50% for insertion and 73.32% for restoration using parser-based imperfect input. The experiments show that the MaxEnt model significantly outperforms a baseline 5-gram language model that scores 54.99% for punctuation insertion and 52.01% for restoration. We show that our results are not far from human performance on the same task with human insertion f -scores in the range of 81-87% and human restoration in the range of 71-82%. Finally, a manual error analysis of the generation output shows that close to 40% of the mismatched punctuation marks do in fact result in acceptable choices, a fact obscured in the automatic string-matching based evaluation scores.
Myelinating glia differentiation is regulated by extracellular matrix elasticity (2016)

The mechanical properties of living tissues have a significant impact on cell differentiation, but remain unexplored in the context of myelin formation and repair. In the PNS, the extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporates a basal lamina significantly denser than the loosely organized CNS matrix. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) enhances central but impairs peripheral myelination and NMII has been implicated in cellular responses to changes in the elasticity of the ECM. To directly evaluate whether mechanotransduction plays a role in glial cell differentiation, we cultured Schwann cells (SC) and oligodendrocytes (OL) on matrices of variable elastic modulus, mimicking either their native environment or conditions found in injured tissue. We found that a rigid, lesion-like matrix inhibited branching and differentiation of OL in NMII-dependent manner. By contrast, SC developed normally in both soft and stiffer matrices. Although SC differentiation was not significantly affected by changes in matrix stiffness alone, we found that expression of Krox-20 was potentiated on rigid matrices at high laminin concentration. These findings are relevant to the design of biomaterials to promote healing and regeneration in both CNS and PNS, via transplantation of glial progenitors or the implantation of tissue scaffolds.
Glucoamylase mutants in the conserved active-site segment Trp170-Tyr175 located at a distance from the site of catalysis (1997)

To mimic the structure of the 1.8-fold more active (k(cat)) Rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase (GA), Aspergillus niger GA was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis in the Trp170-Tyr175 segment of the third of the six well-conserved alpha-->alpha connecting loops of the catalytic (alpha/alpha)6-barrel. While the Trp170-->Phe, Gln172-->Asn and Tyr175-->Phe mutants showed an up to 1.7-fold increased k(cat) and Gly174-->Cys GA and approximately 2-fold reduced k(cat) towards maltotriose and longer substrates, Asn171-->Ser, Thr173-->Gly and A.niger wild-type GA had very similar kcat and K(m) values for the hydrolysis of isomaltose and the malto-oligosaccharides of DP 2-7. Crystal structures of pseudotetrasaccharide inhibitor complexes of Aspergillus awamori var. X100 GA, which is 94% identical to A.niger GA, indicate that Tyr175 is located at binding subsite 4, while the preceding target residues and the high-mannose type unit on Asn171 are at a larger distance from the site of catalysis. The mutations had a modest effect on thermostability; the temperature for 50% inactivation, Tm, was thus unchanged for Tyr175 -->Phe GA and reduced by 0.2-2.9 degrees C for the other mutants. The deletion of the N-linked high-mannose unit-in Asn171 -->Ser and Thr173-->Gly GAs-appeared to be of minor importance for enzyme activity and thermostability, and did not increase the sensitivity to proteolysis.