gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spermic Acid Diester Derivatives as Pharmacological Carriers for Long-Term Controlled Nitric Oxide Delivery. (1998)

Water-insoluble diazeniumdiolates with extended nitric oxide (NO) release half-lives were synthesized based on diester of spermic acid. These diesters were prepared via Michael addition reactions from 1, 4-diaminobutane and various acrylate esters. synthesis and NO release profiles of dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, dihexyl, and dilauryl spermate diazeniumdiolates are reported.
Ultrahigh-Throughput Mammalian Single-Cell Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction in Microfluidic Drops (2013)

The behaviors of complex biological systems are often dictated by the properties of their heterogeneous and sometimes rare cellular constituents. Correspondingly, the analysis of individual cells from a heterogeneous population can reveal information not obtainable by ensemble measurements. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a widely used method that enables transcriptional profiling and sequencing analysis on bulk populations of cells. Major barriers to successfully implementing this technique for mammalian single-cell studies are the labor, cost, and low-throughput associated with current approaches. In this report, we describe a novel droplet-based microfluidic system for performing ~50000 single-cell RT-PCR reactions in a single experiment while consuming a minimal amount of reagent. Using cell type-specific staining and TaqMan RT-PCR probes, we demonstrate the identification of specific cells from a mixed human cell population. The throughput, robust detection rate and specificity of this method makes it well-suited for characterizing large, heterogeneous populations of cells at the transcriptional level.
Chiral Cyclobutanones by [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Dichloroketene to Carbohydrate Enol Ethers (1989)

The title reaction was surprisingly easy to carry out and afforded the product in high yield with a partly unexpected stereochemistry. The cyclobutanones formed by dehalogenation of the initial adduct are promising synthetic precursors in view of their high functionality. The transformation 1 → 2 demonstrates the possibilities of this reaction.
Multiprocessor transitive closure algorithms (1988)

We present parallel algorithms to compute the transitive closure of a database relation. These algorithms are applicable both on shared-memory and message-passing architectures. Experimental verification shows an almost linear speed-up with these algorithms.
Divergent and Stereocontrolled Approach to the Synthesis of Uracil Nucleosides Branched at the Anomeric Position (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDivergent and Stereocontrolled Approach to the Synthesis of Uracil Nucleosides Branched at the Anomeric PositionYoshiharu Itoh, Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Hiromichi Tanaka, Eisen Gen, and Tadashi MiyasakaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 656–662Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS infected patients from India (2006)

Oral hairy leukoplakia showed a positive relationship with patients younger than 35 years. Oral candidiasis can act as a marker for immunosuppression. Angular cheilitis was predominant in the symptomatic stage.
Antioxidant treatments do not improve force recovery after fatiguing stimulation of mouse skeletal muscle fibres (2014)

The contractile performance of skeletal muscle declines during intense activities, i.e. fatigue develops. Fatigued muscle can enter a state of prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD). PLFFD can be due to decreased tetanic free cytosolic [Ca(2+) ] ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and/or decreased myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity. Increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) may contribute to fatigue-induced force reductions. We studied whether pharmacological ROS/RNS inhibition delays fatigue and/or counteracts the development of PLFFD. Mechanically isolated mouse fast-twitch fibres were fatigued by sixty 150 ms, 70 Hz tetani given every 1 s. Experiments were performed in standard Tyrode solution (control) or in the presence of: NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat); NOX4 inhibitor (GKT137831); mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SS-31); nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (l-NAME); the general antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC); a cocktail of SS-31, l-NAME and NAC. Spatially and temporally averaged [Ca(2+) ]i and peak force were reduced by ∼20% and ∼70% at the end of fatiguing stimulation, respectively, with no marked differences between groups. PLFFD was similar in all groups, with 30 Hz force being decreased by ∼60% at 30 min of recovery. PLFFD was mostly due to decreased tetanic [Ca(2+) ]i in control fibres and in the presence of NOX2 or NOX4 inhibitors. Conversely, in fibres exposed to SS-31 or the anti ROS/RNS cocktail, tetanic [Ca(2+) ]i was not decreased during recovery so PLFFD was only caused by decreased myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity. The cocktail also increased resting [Ca(2+) ]i and ultimately caused cell death. In conclusion, ROS/RNS-neutralizing compounds did not counteract the force decline during or after induction of fatigue.
Efficient transduction and optogenetic stimulation of retinal bipolar cells by a synthetic adeno‐associated virus capsid and promoter (2014)

In this report, we describe the development of a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid and promoter for transduction of retinal ON-bipolar cells. The bipolar cells, which are post-synaptic to the photoreceptors, are important retinal targets for both basic and preclinical research. In particular, a therapeutic strategy under investigation for advanced forms of blindness involves using optogenetic molecules to render ON-bipolar cells light-sensitive. Currently, delivery of adequate levels of gene expression is a limiting step for this approach. The synthetic AAV capsid and promoter described here achieves high level of optogenetic transgene expression in ON-bipolar cells. This evokes high-frequency (~100 Hz) spiking responses in ganglion cells of previously blind, rd1, mice. Our vector is a promising vehicle for further development toward potential clinical use.
Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Drug, AQ-13, in Rats and Cynomolgus Macaques (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a new antimalarial drug, AQ-13, a structural analog of chloroquine (CQ) that is active against CQ-resistant Plasmodium species, in rats and cynomolgus macaques. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4/sex) were administered a single dose of AQ-13 intravenously (i.v.) (10 mg/kg) or orally (20 or 102 mg/kg). Blood and plasma samples were collected at several timepoints. AQ-13 achieved C(max) after oral administration at approximately 3 to 4 h and could be detected in blood for 2 to 5 days after oral administration. The ratio of area under the curve (AUC) values at the high and low dose for AQ-13 deviated from an expected ratio of 5.0, indicating nonlinear kinetics. A metabolite peak was noted in the chromatograms that was identified as monodesethyl AQ-13. Oral bioavailability of AQ-13 was good, approximately 70%. The pharmacokinetics of AQ-13 was also determined in cynomolgus macaques after single (i.v., 10 mg/kg; oral, 20 or 100 mg/kg) and multiple doses (oral loading dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg on first day followed by oral maintenance dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 6 days). The AUC and C(max) values following single oral dose administration were not dose proportional; the C(max) value for AQ-13 was 15-fold higher following an oral dose of 100 mg/kg compared to 20 mg/kg. Monodesethyl AQ-13 was a significant metabolite formed by cynomolgus macaques and the corresponding C(max) values for this metabolite increased only 3.8-fold over the dose range, suggesting that the formation of monodesethyl AQ-13 is saturable in this species. The bioavailability of AQ-13 in cynomolgus macaques following oral administration was 23.8% for the 20-mg/kg group and 47.6% for the 100-mg/kg group. Following repeat dose administration, high concentrations of monodesethyl AQ-13 were observed in the blood by day 4, exceeding the AQ-13 blood concentrations through day 22. Saturation of metabolic pathways and reduced metabolite elimination after higher doses are suggested to play a key role in AQ-13 pharmacokinetics in macaques. In summary, the pharmacokinetic profile and metabolism of AQ-13 are very similar to that reported in the literature for chloroquine, suggesting that this new agent is a promising candidate for further development for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria.
Cdk4 disruption renders primary mouse cells resistant to oncogenic transformation, leading to Arf/p53-independent senescence (2002)

A large number of human cancers display alterations in the Ink4a/cyclin D/Cdk4 genetic pathway, suggesting that activation of Cdk4 plays an important role in oncogenesis. Here we report that Cdk4-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to transformation in response to Ras activation with dominant-negative (DN) p53 expression or in the Ink4a/Arf-null background, judged by foci formation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenesis in athymic mice. Cdk4-null fibroblasts proliferate at normal rates during early passages. Whereas Cdk4(+/+)Ink4a/Arf(-/-) cells are immortal in culture, Cdk4(-/-)Ink4a/Arf(-/-) cells undergo senescence during continuous culture, as do wild-type cells. Activated Ras also induces premature senescence in Cdk4(-/-)Ink4a/Arf(-/-) cells and Cdk4(-/-) cells with DNp53 expression. Thus, Cdk4 deficiency causes senescence in a unique Arf/p53-independent manner, which accounts for the loss of transformation potential. Cdk4-null cells express high levels of p21(Cip1/Waf1) with increased protein stability. Suppression of p21(Cip1/Waf1) by small interfering RNA (siRNA), as well as expression of HPV-E7 oncoprotein, restores immortalization and Ras-mediated transformation in Cdk4(-/-)Ink4a/Arf(-/-) cells and Cdk4(-/-) cells with DNp53 expression. Therefore, Cdk4 is essential for immortalization, and suppression of Cdk4 could be a prospective strategy to recruit cells with inactive Arf/p53 pathway to senescence.
A cell cycle-dependent protein serves as a template-specific translation initiation factor (2000)

Cap-independent translation initiation on picornavirus mRNAs is mediated by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and requires both eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and IRES-specific cellular trans-acting factors (ITAFs). We show here that the requirements for trans-acting factors differ between related picornavirus IRESs and can account for cell type-specific differences in IRES function. The neurovirulence of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV; GDVII strain) was completely attenuated by substituting its IRES by that of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Reconstitution of initiation using fully fractionated translation components indicated that 48S complex formation on both IRESs requires eIF2, eIF3, eIF4A, eIF4B, eIF4F, and the pyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) but that the FMDV IRES additionally requires ITAF(45), also known as murine proliferation-associated protein (Mpp1), a proliferation-dependent protein that is not expressed in murine brain cells. ITAF(45) did not influence assembly of 48S complexes on the TMEV IRES. Specific binding sites for ITAF(45), PTB, and a complex of the eIF4G and eIF4A subunits of eIF4F were mapped onto the FMDV IRES, and the cooperative function of PTB and ITAF(45) in promoting stable binding of eIF4G/4A to the IRES was characterized by chemical and enzymatic footprinting. Our data indicate that PTB and ITAF(45) act as RNA chaperones that control the functional state of a particular IRES and that their cell-specific distribution may constitute a basis for cell-specific translational control of certain mRNAs.
A Novel Procedure for Receiver Noise Characterization (1973)

The noise figure at one value of source admittance, plus the variation of output noise power with source admittance, are sufficient for the complete noise characterization of a linear receiver. A standard noise generator of variable admittance is not required. A wide range of source admittances can be used.
Effectively manage project changes (2000)

This article presents a constructive way to deal with change during project work with the goal of adding more business value.
Dendritic cell-based treatment of cancer: closing in on a cellular therapy. (2002)

Antigen delivery by ex vivo antigen-loaded dendritic cells may be an effective approach to cancer immunotherapy.
Gas chromatography—stable isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance levels (1984)

In recent years stable isotopes have begun to replace radioisotopes as tracers in metabolic studies. However, these are relatively expensive in the enrichments and quantities required by either conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA), the former having good sensitivity but low precision and the latter low sensitivity with more than adequate precision. We describe here a technique for 13C which achieves an appropriate balance between precision and sensitivity for such studies. A combustion interface is placed between the output from a capillary gas chromatograph and a dual collector SIRA mass spectrometer. Compounds eluting from the gas chromatograph are converted into discrete pulses of CO2 gas and intensities of 13CO2 and 12CO2 are measured simultaneously. Typically, 13C relative abundances can be obtained from 0.8 nmol of a C10 compound (8 nmol CO2) with a precision (1SD) of better than 1‰ (0.0011 at.%13C). This permits a reduction by at least a factor of 10 in the quantity of tracer required compared with conventional methods.
Insulin and Wnt1 Pathways Cooperate to Induce Reserve Cell Activation in Differentiation and Myotube Hypertrophy (2004)

During ex vivo myoblast differentiation, a pool of quiescent mononucleated myoblasts, reserve cells, arise alongside myotubes. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and PKB/Akt-dependent phosphorylation activates skeletal muscle differentiation and hypertrophy. We have investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibition by protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways in reserve cell activation during myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Inhibition of GSK-3 by LiCl or SB216763, restored insulin-dependent differentiation of C2ind myoblasts in low serum, and cooperated with insulin in serum-free medium to induce MyoD and myogenin expression in C2ind myoblasts, quiescent C2 or primary human reserve cells. We show that LiCl treatment induced nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin in C2 myoblasts, thus mimicking activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Similarly to the effect of GSK-3 inhibitors with insulin, coculturing C2 reserve cells with Wnt1-expressing fibroblasts enhanced insulin-stimulated induction of MyoD and myogenin in reserve cells. A similar cooperative effect of LiCl or Wnt1 with insulin was observed during late ex vivo differentiation and promoted increased size and fusion of myotubes. We show that this synergistic effect on myotube hypertrophy involved an increased fusion of reserve cells into preexisting myotubes. These data reveal insulin and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways cooperate in muscle cell differentiation through activation and recruitment of satellite cell-like reserve myoblasts.
In Vivo Non-Destructive Monitoring of Capsicum Annuum Seed Growth with Diverse NaCl Concentrations Using Optical Detection Technique (2017)

We demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a plausible optical tool for in vivo detection of plant seeds and its morphological changes during growth. To investigate the direct impact of salt stress on seed germination, the experiment was conducted using <i>Capsicum annuum</i> seeds that were treated with different molar concentrations of NaCl. To determine the optimal concentration for the seed growth, the seeds were monitored for nine consecutive days. In vivo two-dimensional OCT images of the treated seeds were obtained and compared with the images of seeds that were grown using sterile distilled water. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using OCT for the proposed application. Normalized depth profile analysis was utilized to support the conclusions.
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1–34) Treatment Increases Callus Formation and Mechanical Strength of Healing Rat Fractures (1999)

The influence of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) administration on callus formation and mechanical strength of tibial fractures in rats was investigated after 20 and 40 days of healing. A dose of 60 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day and 200 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day, respectively, was administered during the entire periods of healing, and control animals with fractures were given vehicle. The dose of 200 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day increased the ultimate load and the external callus volume of the fractures by 75% and 99%, respectively, after 20 days of healing and by 175% and 72%, respectively, after 40 days of healing. The dose of 60 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day did not influence either ultimate load or external callus volume of the fractures after 20 days of healing, but the ultimate load was increased by 132% and the external callus volume was increased by 42% after 40 days of healing. During the healing period, the callus bone mineral content (BMC) increased in all groups. After 40 days of healing, the callus BMC was increased by 108% in the 200 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day group and by 76% in the 60 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day group. Both doses of PTH(1-34) steadily augmented the contralateral intact tibia BMC (20 days and 40 days: 60 microg of PTH (1-34)/kg/day 9% and 19%, respectively; 200 microg of PTH (1-34)/kg/day 12% and 27%, respectively) and bone mineral density (20 days and 40 days: 60 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day 11% and 12%, respectively; 200 microg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day 11% and 15%, respectively).
Ion transport in the small intestine (2010)

Progress continues to be made on integrating information obtained from reductionist models into more complex in-vivo animal models and where possible in human studies. Recognition of the coordinated regulation of cellular Na absorptive and Cl-secretory pathways together with the paracellular route in health and disease will help develop a more holistic picture of the multifaceted nature of small intestinal ion transport.
Synthesis of water‐soluble branched polysaccharides and their antitumor activity, 1. Branched polysaccharides from cellulose acetate (1985)

Abstract Branched polysaccharides of cellulose having β‐glycosidically linked D ‐glucose branches were synthesized by condensation of 3,4,6‐tri‐ O ‐acetyl‐(1,2‐ O ‐ethylorthoacetyl)‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranose with activated cellulose acetates (DS ≈ 2) in boiling chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2,6‐dimethylpyridinium perchlorate. The branched polysaccharides were converted into water‐soluble polysaccharides by saponification and then tested for their antitumor activity. Synthetic, branched polysaccharides with 30% or more branching were found to be completely soluble in water. The structure of branched polysaccharides was determined by methylation analysis, and it was found that branching occurred preferentially at the Cxyh6 positions by β‐glucosidic linkages. The antitumor activity for Sarcoma 180 transplanted to mice was high for polysaccharides with a high DP. Cellulose did not react with acetyl glucose orthoester even after activation.
Biocidal Activity of Polystyrenes That Are Cationic by Virtue of Protonation (2004)

[structure: see text] Poly(1) kills bacteria (Gram-positive and -negative) and lyses human erythrocytes; this biocidal profile is similar to that of the peptide toxin mellitin. Poly(1) has antibacterial activity comparable to that of a potent derivative of the host defense peptide magainin II, but lacks magainin's selectivity for bacteria over erythrocytes. An analogous N-quaternized polymer, poly(3), is less biocidal than poly(1), suggesting that reversible N-protonation leads to greater biocidal activity than does irreversible N-quaternization.
Helicobacter pylori and Serum Magnesium Level in Hemodialysis Patients (2014)

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Gastric complications are common in hemodialysis patients, and H. pylori infection is found to have an important role in causing gastrointestinal disease in these patients. On the other hand, magnesium is mainly excreted by kidney and magnesium metabolism has deficiencies in chronic kidney disease. The association of anti-Helicobacter IgG antibody and serum magnesium level in hemodialysis patients needs to be proved in larger studies.
Low expression of claudin-1 and presence of poorly-differentiated tumor clusters correlate with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. (2013)

Our study not only showed the significance of low expression of claudin-1 as a predictor of poor prognosis of colorectal cancer but also supported the concept of grading of the poorly-differentiated component.