gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti—tumor necrosis factor therapy abrogates autoimmune demyelination (1991)

To define a role for the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in immune-mediated demyelination, the effect of anti-TNF antibody was investigated with a form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J mice induced by the adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein-(MBP)-sensitized T lymphocytes, an animal model of the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). In three separate experiments, no mouse sensitized for EAE and then treated with anti-TNF by intraperitoneal injection developed signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Examination of CNS tissue from anti-TNF-treated animals showed no pathological changes. CNS tissue from control animals demonstrated extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. To test whether anti-TNF therapy was inhibitory to encephalitogenic cells, preincubation of MBP-sensitized T lymphocytes with anti-TNF in vitro prior to injection into recipient mice was performed, and resulted in no diminution of their ability to transfer EAE. In addition, spleen cells from anti-TNF-treated mice were capable of serial transfer of EAE, similar to spleen cells from control animals. However, spleen cells from anti-TNF-treated mice did not produce TNF on stimulation with MBP or concanavalin A. This study showed that anti-TNF antibody can inhibit effectively the development of EAE by interfering with the effector, rather than the induction, phase of the disease. Anticytokine therapy may have important applications in the development of new therapeutic strategies for MS.
Therapeutic hypothermia for acute myocardial infarction: Past, present, and future (2009)

Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown in randomized clinical trials to improve neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest. Whether therapeutic hypothermia improves important outcomes after acute myocardial infarction is an area of active research. Here we review recent experimental and clinical data that examine whether therapeutic hypothermia can improve functional outcomes or mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction. We conclude that the available clinical evidence does not support therapeutic hypothermia as standard therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
Inflammation-induced cholestasis (1999)

Inflammatory cytokines produced in response to various infectious and non-infectious stimuli are potent inducers of intrahepatic cholestasis (inflammation-induced cholestasis). The cholestatic effect of cytokines results mainly from inhibition of expression and function of hepatocellular transport systems which normally mediate hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of bile salts and various non-bile salt organic anions (e.g. bilirubin). These cytokine effects are reversible and bile secretory function is restored upon disappearance of the inflammatory injury. This review summarizes the clinical, pathophysiological and molecular aspects of inflammation-induced cholestasis.
Response of Guanosine 5′-Triphosphate Concentration to Nutritional Changes and Its Significance for Bacillus subtilis Sporulation (1981)

We have investigated the changes in the guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and P-ribosyl-PP pools in stringent and relaxed strains of Bacillus subtilis under conditions frequently used to initiate sporulation. After a shift-down from a Casamino Acids-glutamate to a glutamate medium (Sterlini-Mandelstam shift-down), the pools of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and P-ribosyl-PP increased in both strains; in the stringent strain, ppGpp and pppGpp increased and GTP decreased rapidly, whereas in the relaxed strain, ppGpp and pppGpp increased only slightly and GTP decreased only slowly and less extensively. The stringent strain sporulated well, whereas the relaxed strain sporulated late and poorly. Addition of decoyinine, an inhibitor of guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase, caused a further decrease of GTP and initiated good sporulation of the relaxed strain. After a shift-down from a glucose-lactate to a lactate medium (Ramaley-Burden shift-down) the pool of P-ribosyl-PP (and GTP) decreased in both strains, indicating a shortage of purine precursors. This shift-down also caused a stringent response which prevented the consumption of nucleotides, as shown by the maintenance of adenosine 5'-triphosphate at a high concentration in the stringent strain but not in the relaxed strain. After a delay, the relaxed strain, in which GTP decreased as fast as in the stringent strain, sporulated also as efficiently. In nutrient sporulation medium the stringent strain and, less effectively, the relaxed strain accumulated ppGpp and pppGpp transiently towards the end of exponential growth. Eventually, the P-ribosyl-PP pool decreased drastically in both strains. In all cases the initiation of sporulation was correlated with a significant decrease of GTP. Granaticin, an antibiotic which prevents the charging of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid, was used to show that the stringent response inhibited the formation of xanthosine monophosphate from inosine monophosphate. It prevented the accumulation of xanthosine monophosphate in decoyinine-treated cultures of the stringent strain but not in those of the relaxed strain.
Screening for Inhibitors of Tau Protein Aggregation into Alzheimer Paired Helical Filaments: A Ligand Based Approach Results in Successful Scaffold Hopping (2007)

The aggregation of tau protein into paired helical filaments is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We therefore continue our search for non-toxic, cell penetrating inhibitors of tau aggregation, which hold potential for brain penetration. Pickhardt et al. (2005) have reported a high throughput screen for tau aggregation inhibitors previously, which resulted in the identification of several hit classes. Here we report the identification of novel inhibitors which were not present in the initial high throughput assay. This was achieved by transformation of the high throughput screen data into the 3D relationships of virtual pharmacophores The pharmacophore models were utilized in a virtual screen of a Maybridge database. The virtual screen provided 136 hits; 19 representative hits were selected and assayed, this resulted in two novel leads with an IC(50) < 13 microM. These two leads feature a novel scaffold for tau aggregation inhibitors.
The Total Synthesis of Allosamidin. Expansions of the Methodology of Azaglycosylation Pursuant to the Total Synthesis of Allosamidin. A Surprising Enantiotopic Sense for a Lipase-Induced Deacetylation (1996)

Allosamidin, recently isolated from mycelial extracts of Streptomyces sp. 1713, is a powerful and selective chitinase inhibitor. The total synthesis of allosamidin is described herein. The electric eel acetylcholinesterase-mediated enantioselective hydrolysis of (trans,trans)-2-(benzyloxy)cyclopentene-1,3-diol diacetate accessed a monoacetyl derivative. Five additional steps produced a protected version of the aglycon (“allosamizoline”) sector of allosamidin. An allal derivative stereoselectively reacted with benzenesulfonamide in the presence of a halonium source to afford a 2β-halo-1α-sulfonamidohexose. Treatment of this product with a strong base generated an intermediate 1,2-sulfonylaziridine, which was trapped with a protected allal derivative to provide a disaccharide glycal. Reiteration of this scheme gave access to the required trisaccharide. Following deprotection, the total synthesis of allosamidin was accomplished. In addition, the method, with modification, gave access to several allosamidin analogs.
Reproductive Hormones in Aging Men. I. Measurement of Sex Steroids, Basal Luteinizing Hormone, and Leydig Cell Response to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (1980)

Although alterations of circulating sex steroids have been reported in aging men, it is not known to what extent reported changes may represent effects of variables other than aging. We have measured sex hormone levels, serum binding, the testosterone (T) response to hCG, and basal LH levels in 69 male volunteers, aged 25-89 yr, without alcoholism, obesity, chronic illness, or severe prostatic disease, and not using potentially interfering medications. In our study there was no effect of age on serum T, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estrone, or estradiol. Binding of T to T-binding globulin increased slightly with age, but not enough to decrease the free T index (fraction free X T concentration). Basal serum LH rose significantly. The T response to hCG suggested a somewhat diminished Leydig cell reserve with age, a conclusion consistent with the LH elevation. Our failure to detect the decreased T and free T index or increased estrogens reported by others could reflect afternoon rather than morning sampling, but is more likely to be due to our use of exceptionally healthy volunteers. We suggest that factors other than aging might have influenceed the data previously reported, and that aging per se need not be associated with altered sex steroid levels in the human male.
Propensity score matching in SPSS (2012)

Propensity score matching is a tool for causal inference in non-randomized studies that allows for conditioning on large sets of covariates. The use of propensity scores in the social sciences is currently experiencing a tremendous increase; however it is far from a commonly used tool. One impediment towards a more wide-spread use of propensity score methods is the reliance on specialized software, because many social scientists still use SPSS as their main analysis tool. The current paper presents an implementation of various propensity score matching methods in SPSS. Specifically the presented SPSS custom dialog allows researchers to specify propensity score methods using the familiar point-and-click interface. The software allows estimation of the propensity score using logistic regression and specifying nearest-neighbor matching with many options, e.g., calipers, region of common support, matching with and without replacement, and matching one to many units. Detailed balance statistics and graphs are produced by the program.
Efficient Ring-Opening Polymerization and Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and ω-Pentadecalactone Catalyzed by Candida antartica Lipase B (2000)

In this paper, Novozyme-435-catalyzed ω-pentadecalactone and ω-pentadecalactone/ε-caprolactone polymerizations were investigated. Novozyme-435-catalyzed ω-pentadecalactone polymerizations were studied in bulk and at ω-pentadecalactone-to-toluene ratios from 1:1 to 1:10 (wt/vol). By carrying out polymerizations with ω-pentadecalactone to toluene 1:1 wt/vol instead of in bulk, the monomer conversion (32 to 90%) and product Mn (22 × 103 to 86 × 103 g/mol) increased. Effects of reaction temperature on monomer conversion and product molecular weights also were studied. ω-Pentadecalactone polymerization at 90 °C in toluene (1:2 ω-pentadecalactone to toluene wt/vol) resulted in the fastest kinetics thus far reported for lipase-catalyzed polyester production. However, reduction of the polymerization temperature from 90 to 55 °C gave polypentadecalactone with increased Mn (66 × 103 to 81 × 103 g/mol). Novozyme-435-catalyzed ω-pentadecalactone/ε-caprolactone copolymerizations conducted at 70 °C in toluene occurred at unexpectedly rapid rates. Studies of monomer coreactivity ratios (r1 = 1.742 and r2 = 0.135) showed that ω-pentadecalactone reacted 13 times faster than ε-caprolactone. 13C NMR studies showed that copolymers with random repeat unit sequence distributions were formed after 10 min at monomer conversions ≥44%). We believe that Novozyme-435 actively promotes interchain transesterification reactions that tend to randomize the repeat unit sequence distribution.
Population Dynamics of Some Relevant Intestinal Microbial Groups in Human Fecal Batch Cultures with Added Fermentable Xylooligosaccharides Obtained from Rice Husks (2013)

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) obtained by autohydrolysis of rice husks were demonstrated in a previous study to act as fermentable substrates by the intestinal microbiota in human fecal slurry cultures, leading to the generation of acetic and lactic acids and supporting the growth of bifidobacteria (Gullón et al. 2011). The purpose of the present study was to provide new insights into other possible targets of XOS action by determining (in the same fecal cultures) the levels of some relevant intestinal microbial groups and the profile of Bifidobacterium species by quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. XOS-containing concentrates promoted the growth of Lactobacillus-Weissella, Bacteroides-Prevotella, and Clostridium cluster XIVa groups, as well as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species. Preliminary results point to possible variation in the profile of some bifidobacteria species in fecal cultures caused by XOS that should be further investigated. These results support XOS as potential prebiotics for the design of functional food products.
Bacterial Whole-Cell Biosensor for Glutamine with Applications for Quantifying and Visualizing Glutamine in Plants (2011)

A whole-cell biosensor for glutamine (GlnLux) was constructed by transforming an Escherichia coli glutamine (Gln) auxotroph with a constitutive lux reporter gene. Measurements of Gln in plant extracts using GlnLux correlated with quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (Spearman's r = 0.95). GlnLux permitted charge-coupled-device (CCD) imaging of Gln from whole plant organs.
Conjugate-gradient preconditioning methods for shift-variant PET image reconstruction (1999)

Gradient-based iterative methods often converge slowly for tomographic image reconstruction and image restoration problems, but can be accelerated by suitable preconditioners. Diagonal preconditioners offer some improvement in convergence rate, but do not incorporate the structure of the Hessian matrices in imaging problems. Circulant preconditioners can provide remarkable acceleration for inverse problems that are approximately shift-invariant, i.e., for those with approximately block-Toeplitz or block-circulant Hessians. However, in applications with nonuniform noise variance, such as arises from Poisson statistics in emission tomography and in quantum-limited optical imaging, the Hessian of the weighted least-squares objective function is quite shift-variant, and circulant preconditioners perform poorly. Additional shift-variance is caused by edge-preserving regularization methods based on nonquadratic penalty functions. This paper describes new preconditioners that approximate more accurately the Hessian matrices of shift-variant imaging problems. Compared to diagonal or circulant preconditioning, the new preconditioners lead to significantly faster convergence rates for the unconstrained conjugate-gradient (CG) iteration. We also propose a new efficient method for the line-search step required by CG methods. Applications to positron emission tomography (PET) illustrate the method.
A Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor:  First Steps toward an Assay for Alzheimer's Disease (2004)

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanosensor based on the optical properties of Ag nanotriangles is shown to aid in the understanding of the interaction between amyloid β-derived diffusible ligands (ADDL) and the anti-ADDL antibody, molecules possibly involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. By varying the concentration of anti-ADDL antibody, a surface confined binding constant of 3.0 × 107 M-1 for the interaction of ADDLs and anti-ADDLs was measured. Influences of Cr, the nanoparticle adhesion layer, will be shown to be the limiting factor in the sensitivity of this assay. This is the first nonmodel application of the LSPR nanosensor.
Removal of specularities using color and polarization (2002)

An algorithm for separating the specular and diffuse components of reflection from images is presented. The method uses color and polarization simultaneously to obtain strong constraints on the reflection components at each image point. Polarization is used to locally determine the color of the specular component, constraining the diffuse color at a pixel to a one-dimensional linear subspace. This subspace is used to find neighboring pixels whose color is consistent with the pixel. Diffuse color information from consistent neighbors is used to determine the diffuse color of the pixel. In contrast to previous separation algorithms, the proposed method can handle highlights that have a varying diffuse component, as well as highlights that include regions with different reflectance and material properties. Experimental results obtained by applying the algorithm to complex scenes with textured objects and strong interreflections are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 4.75-GHz Fractional Frequency Divider-by-1.25 With TDC-Based All-Digital Spur Calibration in 45-nm CMOS (2009)

This paper presents a fractional frequency divider-by-1.25 and associated all-digital calibration circuitry. The divider can be used in a wireless transceiver to prevent direct or harmonic pulling of the VCO by the power amplifier. Timing errors between the quadrature phases used in the phase-rotating divider introduce fractional spurs at the output. In this design, the timing errors are measured with a stochastic time-to-digital converter with 20 fs resolution, and corrected to suppress output spurs. The fractional divider has been implemented in a 45 nm CMOS LP process and its core dissipates an estimated 17 mA current from a 1.1 V supply. After calibration, fractional spurs are on average below -59 dBc and -50 dBc (¿ ~ 2 dB over 10 samples) with a 2.5 and 3.8 GHz output frequency respectively. Calibration performance has been confirmed for temperatures from -20°C up to 85°C. The low spur level facilitates radio co-existence with no need for additional filtering. This makes this divider a good candidate for WiFi and WiMAX radios up to 3.8 GHz.
Adsorption of bifunctional organic disulfides on gold surfaces (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of bifunctional organic disulfides on gold surfacesRalph G. Nuzzo and David L. AllaraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 13, 4481–4483Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00351a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00351a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10358Altmetric-Citations1983LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apolipoprotein E is a kinetic but not a thermodynamic inhibitor of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer disease. (1995)

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an early age of onset of the nonfamilial form of Alzheimer disease (AD) and with increased beta protein amyloid deposition in the brain. These two observations may both arise from an effect of the apoE family of proteins on the rate of in vivo amyloidogenesis. We report here that apoE3, the common apoE isoform, is an in vitro amyloid nucleation inhibitor at physiological concentrations. A significant delay in the onset of amyloid fibril formation by the beta-amyloid protein of AD (beta 1-40) was observed at a low apoE3 concentration (40 nM), corresponding to an apoE3/beta protein molar ratio of 1:1000. The inhibitory activity of a proteolytic fragment of apoE3, containing the N-terminal 191 amino acids, is comparable to the native protein, whereas the C-terminal fragment has no activity. ApoE4 is equipotent or slightly less potent than apoE3, which may be due to its inability to form a disulfide dimer, since the apoE3 dimer is a significantly more potent nucleation inhibitor than apoE4. Neither apoE3 nor apoE4 inhibits the seeded growth of amyloid or affects the solubility or structure of the amyloid fibrils, indicating that apoE is not a thermodynamic amyloid inhibitor. We propose that the linkage between the APOE4 allele and AD reflects the reduced ability of APOE4 homozygotes to suppress in vivo amyloid formation.
Surfactant therapy for very premature babies (1988)

Journal Article Surfactant therapy for very premature babies Get access C J Morley C J Morley Department of Paediatrics, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 44, Issue 4, 1988, Pages 919–934, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072301 Published: 01 December 1988
Improving the Noise Floor and Speed of Your Detector: A Modular Hardware Approach for Under $1000 (2022)

Journal Article Improving the Noise Floor and Speed of Your Detector: A Modular Hardware Approach for Under $1000 Get access Jonathan J P Peters, Jonathan J P Peters School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Corresponding author: jonathan.peters@tcd.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tiarnan Mullarkey, Tiarnan Mullarkey School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandCentre for Doctoral Training in the Advanced Characterisation of Materials, AMBER Centre, Dublin, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lewys Jones Lewys Jones School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandCentre for Doctoral Training in the Advanced Characterisation of Materials, AMBER Centre, Dublin, IrelandAdvanced Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Dublin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 2904–2906, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192762201090X Published: 01 August 2022
Recent Advances of BINAP Chemistry in the Industrial Aspects (2001)

New efficient synthetic methods of optically active BI-NAP [BINAP = 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl] and its variants are described. Application of these BINAP variants in asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of prochiral ketones and olefins to various industrially important compounds is discussed.