gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with pregnancy: a report of two cases. (1994)

Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with pregnancy is a rare and grave complication, usually occurring in preeclampsia or eclampsia. Two cases of ruptured subcapsular hematoma of the right liver during pregnancy are reported. The first case was a 19-year-old woman who had suffered from epigastralgia and absent fetal heart beat in the 32nd week of gestation. The second case was a 31-year-old female who complained of nausea and right upper quadrant pain in the 35th week of pregnancy. Both had preeclampsia, and developed shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation soon after admission. Both received surgery and were found to have ruptured hematoma over the right liver. Finally, the first patient died of renal failure, but the second survived because preoperative diagnosis had been exact. Greater suspicion, then awareness of diagnosis can lead to better timing of surgery and an improved prognosis for mother and child.
Correlation of Peripheral-Blood Gene Expression With the Extent of Coronary Artery Stenosis (2008)

Gene expression in peripheral-blood cells reflects the presence and extent of CAD in patients undergoing angiography.
Die Synthese von 4‐Brom‐ und 4‐Hydroxy‐chinuclidin. Untersuchungen in der Chinuclidin‐Reihe, 6. Mitteilung (1958)

Abstract The synthesis of 4‐bromo and 4‐hydroxy‐quinuclidines Ia and Ib, respectively, from 4‐piperidones by a modified REFORMATZKI reaction is described.
Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages (2007)

We developed empirical models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages to assess the biological condition of 268 streams sampled from 1993 to 2002 in 7 major river basins in the Appalachian region of the USA. These models estimate the expected taxonomic composition at each site based on observed variation in taxonomic composition at reference sites. The index, O/E, is the ratio of the number of predicted taxa that were observed (O) to that expected (E) to occur at a site and is a measure of taxonomic completeness. We compared how O/E for each assemblage varied among major landuse settings and whether impaired assemblages were associated with particular physicochemical conditions. We also examined concordance among assemblages in their response to stress. Biological, chemical, and physical data were collected following consistent protocols. We used land-cover criteria, published data, and topographic maps to classify sites by major landuse setting. Fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages had been sampled at 73, 108, and 52, respectively, of the least disturbed sites used to establish reference conditions. The models accounted for a substantial portion of the natural variation in taxonomic composition across sites that was associated with biogeographic, climatic, and basin-scale factors and generally were unbiased across the range of environmental gradients observed in the region. Assessments at nonreference sites showed that impairment of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages was most strongly associated with agriculture and urban land uses, whereas impairment of diatom assemblages was most strongly associated with mining in the basin. Concordance in assessments among assemblages was not strong. Assessments based on 2 assemblages differed in 28 to 57% of cases, and assessments were never concordant for cases where all 3 assemblages were sampled. Furthermore, only ½ of these cases would have been assessed as ecologically impaired had only 1 assemblage been sampled. Differences between observed and predicted frequencies of occurrence for individual taxa were generally consistent with known tolerances to environmental stressors and might aid in identifying causes of biological impairment.
G.U base pairing motifs in ribosomal RNA. (1995)

An increasing number of recognition mechanisms in RNA are found to involve G.U base pairs. In order to detect new functional sites of this type, we exhaustively analyzed the sequence alignments and secondary structures of eubacterial and chloroplast 16S and 23S rRNA, seeking positions with high levels of G.U pairs. Approximately 120 such sites were identified and classified according to their secondary structure and sequence environment. Overall biases in the distribution of G.U pairs are consistent with previously proposed structural rules: the side of the wobble pair that is subject to a loss of stacking is preferentially exposed to a secondary structure loop, where stacking is not as essential as in helical regions. However, multiple sites violate these rules and display highly conserved G.U pairs in orientations that could cause severe stacking problems. In addition, three motifs displaying a conserved G.U pair in a specific sequence/structure environment occur at an unusually high frequency. These motifs, of which two had not been reported before, involve sequences 5'UG3' 3'GA5' and 5'UG3' 3'GU5', as well as G.U pairs flanked by a bulge loop 3' of U. The possible structures and functions of these recurrent motifs are discussed.
Pattern-induced multi-sequence alignment (PUMA) algorithm employing secondary structure-dependent gap penalties for use in comparative protein modelling (1992)

A multiple sequence alignment algorithm is described that uses a dynamic programming-based pattern construction method to align a set of homologous sequences based on their common pattern of conserved sequence elements. This pattern-induced multi-sequence alignment (PIMA) algorithm can employ secondary-structure dependent gap penalties for use in comparative modelling of new sequences when the three-dimensional structure of one or more members of the same family is known. We show that the use of secondary structure information can significantly improve the accuracy of aligning structure boundaries in a set of homologous sequences even when the structure of only one member of the family is known.
Some remarks on GNSS integer ambiguity validation methods (2012)

Ambiguity resolution is an indispensable step in fast and high precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning. In general, ambiguity resolution consists of three steps. The first step is to estimate the ambiguities using a least-squares estimation process, from which the so called 'float solution' or real valued solution is obtained. Then in the second step, the float solution is used to search for the integer ambiguities. Once integer ambiguities are resolved, the last step is to apply the integer ambiguities into the models so that fairly accurate fixed solution can be generated. Owing to the importance of the integer ambiguities, one indispensable procedure that needs to be implemented in the second step is integer ambiguity validation. Over the past decades, considerable work has been concentrated on this procedure and various approaches have been proposed, such as R-ratio test, F-ratio test, W-ratio test, integer aperture estimator, etc. However, their performances are controversial. Therefore, in this contribution, an overview of the existing ambiguity validation methods is firstly presented, and then some numerical analysis is carried out to evaluate their performances.
Fibroblasts Enhance the In Vitro Survival of Human Memory and Naïve B Cells by Maintaining Intracellular Levels of Glutathione (2004)

To gain insight into the mechanism of memory B cell survival, we cultured highly purified subpopulations of tonsillar B cells with tonsillar fibroblasts. The fibroblasts greatly enhanced the survival of memory and naïve B cells but did not delay the rapid apoptosis of germinal center B cells. B cell activation was not observed during the period of culture, as shown by the absence of activation markers and of cycling cells. These findings were reproduced when the B cells were physically separated from the fibroblasts by a semi-permeable transwell-membrane, indicating that the survival factor(s) were diffusible. Several cytokines including IL-6, IL-15, and VEGF were tested for survival activity but none could replace the fibroblasts. However, the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the naïve and memory B cells significantly enhanced their survival, and depletion of GSH resulted in rapid loss of B cell viability. Furthermore, intracellular glutathione levels were maintained when the B cells were co-cultured with fibroblasts. Our results suggest that glutathione plays an important role in the survival of memory and naïve B cells in the presence of stromal cells.
Membrane proteins: from sequence to structure (1990)

The prediction of protein structure from sequence has been a long-standing goal of molecular biology. Integral membrane proteins, once abhorred by protein chemists and crystallographers because of their insolubility and stubborn refusal to yield good crystals, now appear to hold great promises for efficient structure prediction and engineering. This is mainly due to the constraints on permissible structures imposed by the lipid environment, and to the apparent uncoupling between an initial membrane targeting and insertion process which determines the overall topological arrangement of the transmembrane segments and a subsequent 'condensation' of these segments into a unique folded state. Recent work suggests that the membrane insertion process is controlled by simple sequence elements composed of different combinations of long hydrophobic regions and flanking charged residues. In this review we sketch the most important structural rules relating amino acid sequence to membrane insertion to fully folded molecule, and their use for prediction and protein-engineering purposes.
2-Iminobiotin for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia (2013)

Introduction: Perinatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) continues to be a common underlying cause of brain damage. The outcomes of HI encephalopathy (HIE) are devastating and permanent, making it a major burden for the patient, the family and society. The understanding of the pathways that lead to the injury is vital for finding potential therapies. HI triggers a cascade of several detrimental insults: glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) and calcium overload, oxidative stress (OS), stress signaling, inflammation and cell death.
A Study of Solar Activity-Ozone Relationship from Nimbus-4 BUV Data (1983)

The total O3 and the O3 mixing ratio at various pressure levels in the stratosphere measured from the Nimbus-4 BUV experiment over a 7-yr period (1970 to 1977) comprises a comprehensive data base available to study the possible effects of solar variability on stratospheric O3. It is shown that with the decrease in solar activity from 1970 to 1976, the globally averaged O3 inferred from Nimbus-4 data decreases from about 10 to 12 percent in the upper stratosphere to about 1 to 3 percent in the lower stratosphere. The systematic decrease in O3 seems to be correlated with the conventional indices of solar activity; however, it is difficult to account for the observed changes at various pressure levels with the current understanding of the photochemical models and the solar UV flux variations over a solar cycle.
Basic fibroblast growth factor in the hypoglossal system: Specific retrograde transport, trophic, and lesion‐related responses (1992)

To further clarify the function of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the nervous system, we have examined its distribution, lesion-dependent regulation, retrograde transport, and trophic roles on rat hypoglossal neurons. In adult rats, bFGF-like immunoreactivity is localized in hypoglossal motoneurons, drastically reduced 2 days after axotomy, and re-expressed by 11 days. Neuron numbers and morphology assessed by Nissl staining are not affected by the lesion. 125J bFGF is specifically retrogradely transported by hypoglossal motoneurons from their peripheral nerve terminals. Moreover, bFGF stimulates the in vitro survival of hypoglossal neurons (ED50 2 ng/ml). In vivo administration of bFGF prevents lesion-induced motoneuron death to 14% in 7 day old rats and to 60% in 18 day old rats, but not the axotomy-induced decrease of choline acetyltransferase activity in the hypoglossal nucleus of adult rats. These results are consistent with a neurotrophic role of bFGF in the hypoglossal system.
Preliminary Study of the Metal Binding Site of an Anti-DTPA-Indium Antibody by Equilibrium Binding Immunoassays and Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (1995)

Creating metal coordination sites by modifying an existing enzyme or by eliciting antibodies against metal chelate haptens is of great interest in biotechnology to create enzyme catalysts with novel specificities. Here, we investigate the metal binding potential of a monoclonal antibody raised against a DTPA-In(III) hapten (mAb 734). We study its relative binding efficiency to metals of biological relevance by equilibrium binding immunoassays and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, two approaches which can give complementary information regarding composition and/or structure of the metal binding site(s). Fe(III), Fe(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Ca(II), and Zn(II) binding was compared to In(III). All of them were shown to displace indium, but their affinity for mAb 734 decreased by 100-fold compared to indium. Competitive metal binding immunoassays between Zn(II) and In(III) revealed an unusual behavior by Zn(II) which remains to be explained. Moreover, IMAC allowed us to predict the metal binding amino acids involved in the antibody paratope. The antibody metal binding site was shown to contain at least two histidine residues in a cluster, and the presence of aspartic and glutamic acid as well as cysteine residues could not be excluded. Thus, simple competition studies allows us to obtain some partial information on the metal binding structural features of this anti-metal chelate antibody and to guide our screening of its catalytic potential.
资源警报！铜、黄金、锌、铂、铀、磷……26种矿物即将枯竭！ (2012)

这是一道全人类享用至今的大餐：准得一颗直径13000千米的岩石行星；把88种化学元素做成馅料填进它的地壳；充分搅拌这些馅料，形成4000余种矿物质；再浇上30000亿桶唾手可得的石油……瞧，我们就有一席可供几十亿人欢享的地下资源盛宴。
Measuring the thickness of articular cartilage from MR images (2001)

We have developed an algorithm to estimate and display the spatial distribution of the thickness of articular cartilage in human knees. We used a simulation to derive the most appropriate formula for estimating thickness in digital images. The algorithm was tested by imaging a thickness phantom and comparing the results with the known dimensions of the phantom. The results demonstrated that the maximum error encountered in estimating thickness is one pixel while the average error is 0.4 pixels. We imaged a human knee on a cadaver in two separate sessions and used the two image sets to derive thickness maps of the patellar articular cartilage. The thickness maps generated independently from these image sets were very similar, indicating the reliability of the method in deriving accurate thickness estimates. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:120-126.
Correction to Tubulin-Interactive Natural Products as Anticancer Agents (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Tubulin-Interactive Natural Products as Anticancer AgentsDavid G. I. KingstonCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2011, 74, 5, 1352Publication Date (Web):April 20, 2011Publication History Published online20 April 2011Published inissue 27 May 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/np200305wCopyright © 2011 The American Chemical Society and American Society of PharmacognosyRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1019Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (615 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthetic Peptide Receptors: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Recognition of Peptides Using Peptide−Metal Interactions (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthetic Peptide Receptors: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Recognition of Peptides Using Peptide−Metal InteractionsBradley R. Hart and Kenneth J. SheaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, California 92697-2025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9, 2072–2073Publication Date (Web):February 6, 2001Publication History Received3 October 2000Published online6 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005661ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005661arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2125Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Log‐Euclidean metrics for fast and simple calculus on diffusion tensors (2006)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) is an emerging imaging modality whose importance has been growing considerably. However, the processing of this type of data (i.e., symmetric positive-definite matrices), called "tensors" here, has proved difficult in recent years. Usual Euclidean operations on matrices suffer from many defects on tensors, which have led to the use of many ad hoc methods. Recently, affine-invariant Riemannian metrics have been proposed as a rigorous and general framework in which these defects are corrected. These metrics have excellent theoretical properties and provide powerful processing tools, but also lead in practice to complex and slow algorithms. To remedy this limitation, a new family of Riemannian metrics called Log-Euclidean is proposed in this article. They also have excellent theoretical properties and yield similar results in practice, but with much simpler and faster computations. This new approach is based on a novel vector space structure for tensors. In this framework, Riemannian computations can be converted into Euclidean ones once tensors have been transformed into their matrix logarithms. Theoretical aspects are presented and the Euclidean, affine-invariant, and Log-Euclidean frameworks are compared experimentally. The comparison is carried out on interpolation and regularization tasks on synthetic and clinical 3D DTI data.
Discovery of a Thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4-dione Bearing a p -Methoxyureidophenyl Moiety at the 6-Position:  A Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable Non-Peptide Antagonist for the Human Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor (2002)

We have previously disclosed the first potent and orally effective non-peptide antagonist for the human luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor, a thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-4-one derivative, T-98475 (1). Extensive research on developing non-peptide LHRH antagonists has been carried out by employing a strategy of replacing the thienopyridin-4-one nucleus with other heterocyclic surrogates. We describe herein the design and synthesis of a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives containing a biaryl moiety, which led to the discovery of a highly potent and orally active non-peptide LHRH antagonist, 5-(N-benzyl-N-methylaminomethyl)-1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-6-[4-(3-methoxyureido)phenyl]-3-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (9k: TAK-013). Compound 9k showed high binding affinity and potent in vitro antagonistic activity for the human receptor with half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC(50)) values of 0.1 and 0.06 nM, respectively. Oral administration of 9k caused almost complete suppression of the plasma LH levels in castrated male cynomolgus monkeys at a 30 mg/kg dose with sufficient duration of action (more than 24 h). The results demonstrated that the thienopyrimidine-2,4-dione core is an excellent surrogate for the thienopyridin-4-one and that thienopyrimidine-2,4-diones and thienopyridin-4-ones constitute a new class of potent and orally bioavailable LHRH receptor antagonists. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies indicate that the unique methoxyurea side chain of 9k preferentially forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the aniline NH and the methoxy oxygen atom. The hydrogen bond will shield the hydrogen bonding moieties from the solvent and reduce the desolvation energy cost. It is therefore speculated that the intramolecular hydrogen bond resulting from judicious incorporation of an oxygen atom into the terminal alkyl group of the urea may increase the apparent lipophilicity to allow increased membrane permeability and consequently to improve the oral absorption of 9k in monkeys. On the basis of its profile, compound 9k has been selected as a candidate for clinical trials and it is expected that it will provide a new class of potential therapeutic agents for the clinical treatment of a variety of sex-hormone-dependent diseases.