gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the expression of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin in normal human fetal, adult and tumor tissues (1991)

Tenascin (TN) is a high-molecular-mass oligomeric glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) endowed with a programmed expression in embryonic life and a neo-expression in the interstitium of some malignancies. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which identify human tenascin, we have conducted an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of TN expression in normal fetal and adult human tissues as well as in a wide variety of human tumors. Results of this study demonstrate that TN (1) is detectable in embryonic and fetal tissues at least from the 10th week of gestation; (2) is present in the interstitium of a variety of adult tissues of different embryonic origin; (3) may be neo-expressed in the stroma of benign and malignant tumors; (4) has the ability to accumulate in a highly variable manner in the ECM of tumors of the same and of different histotypes.
Arrayed-waveguide grating add-drop multiplexer with loop-back optical paths (1993)

A novel configuration for a multiplexer which can drop and add desired wavelength channels while transmitting other channels is proposed based on an arrayed-waveguide grating geometry with loopback optical fibre paths. A 15channel multiplexing function with a 0.8nm wavelength spacing is experimentally confirmed by using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology.
A method of printing carbon nanotube thin films (2006)

This paper describes a fabrication method for carbon nanotube thin films on various substrates including PET (polyethylene terephthalate), glass, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), and silicon. The method combines a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) based transfer-printing technique with vacuum filtration, and allows controlled deposition—and patterning if needed—of large area highly conducting carbon nanotube films with high homogeneity. In the visible and infrared range, the performance characteristics of fabricated films are comparable to that of indium tin oxide (ITO) on flexible substrates.
Synthesis and Cleavage of Perfluorovinyltin Compounds1,2 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Cleavage of Perfluorovinyltin Compounds1,2H. D. Kaesz, S. L. Stafford, and F. G. A. StoneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 24, 6232–6235Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01509a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01509a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyruvate kinase M2-specific siRNA induces apoptosis and tumor regression (2012)

The development of cancer-specific therapeutics has been limited because most healthy cells and cancer cells depend on common pathways. Pyruvate kinase (PK) exists in M1 (PKM1) and M2 (PKM2) isoforms. PKM2, whose expression in cancer cells results in aerobic glycolysis and is suggested to bestow a selective growth advantage, is a promising target. Because many oncogenes impart a common alteration in cell metabolism, inhibition of the M2 isoform might be of broad applicability. We show that several small interfering (si) RNAs designed to target mismatches between the M2 and M1 isoforms confer specific knockdown of the former, resulting in decreased viability and increased apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines but less so in normal fibroblasts or endothelial cells. In vivo delivery of siPKM2 additionally causes substantial tumor regression of established xenografts. Our results suggest that the inherent nucleotide-level specificity of siRNA can be harnessed to develop therapeutics that target isoform-specific exons in genes exhibiting differential splicing patterns in various cell types.
Inhibition of L- and P-selectin by a rationally synthesized novel core 2-like branched structure containing GalNAc-Lewisx and Neu5Ac 2-3Gal 1-3GalNAc sequences (1998)

The selectins interact in important normal and pathological situations with certain sialylated, fucosylated glycoconjugate ligands containing sialyl Lewisx(Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcN Ac). Much effort has gone into the synthesis of sialylated and sulfated Lewisxanalogs as competitive ligands for the selectins. Since the natural selectin ligands GlyCAM-1 and PSGL-1 carry sialyl Lewisxas part of a branched Core 2 O-linked structure, we recently synthesized Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-6(SE-3Galbeta1++ +-3)GalNAc1alphaOMe and found it to be a moderately superior ligand for L and P-selectin (Koenig et al. , Glycobiology 7, 79-93, 1997). Other studies have shown that sulfate esters can replace sialic acid in some selectin ligands (Yeun et al. , Biochemistry, 31, 9126-9131, 1992; Imai et al. , Nature, 361, 555, 1993). Based upon these observations, we hypothesized that Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-3GalNAc might have the capability of interacting with L- and P-selectin. To examine this hypothesis, we synthesized Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-6(Neu5Acalpha2++ +-3Galbeta1-3)-GalNAc alpha1-OB, which was found to be 2- to 3-fold better than sialyl Lexfor P and L selectin, respectively. We also report the synthesis of an unusual structure GalNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1- 3)GlcNAcbeta1-OMe (GalNAc-Lewisx-O-methyl glycoside), which also proved to be a better inhibitor of L- and P-selectin than sialyl Lewisx-OMe. Combining this with our knowledge of Core 2 branched structures, we have synthesized a molecule that is 5- to 6-fold better at inhibiting L- and P-selectin than sialyl Lewisx-OMe, By contrast to unbranched structures, substitution of a sulfate ester group for a sialic acid residue in such a molecule resulted in a considerable loss of inhibition ability. Thus, the combination of a sialic acid residue on the primary (beta1-3) arm, and a modified Lexunit on the branched (beta1-6) arm on an O-linked Core 2 structure generated a monovalent synthetic oliogosaccharide inhibitor superior to SLexfor both L- and P-selectin.
Solutions manual to accompany basic inorganic chemistry (1995)

Partial table of contents: FIRST PRINCIPLES. Some Preliminaries. Structure and Bonding in Molecules. The Chemistry of Selected Anions. Solvents, Solutions, Acids, and Bases. THE MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS. Hydrogen. The Group IIA(2) Elements: Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium. The Group IIIB(13) Elements: Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium. The Group IVB(14) Elements: Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead. The Group VB(15) Elements: Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth. The Group VIB(16) Elements: Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Polonium. The Noble Gases. TRANSITION ELEMENTS. Introduction to the Transition Elements: Ligand Field Theory. The Elements of the Second and Third Transition Series. The Actinide Elements. SOME SPECIAL TOPICS. Organometallic Compounds. Bioinorganic Chemistry. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
PLANT TRANSFORMATION: Problems and Strategies for Practical Application (1997)

Plant transformation is now a core research tool in plant biology and a practical tool for cultivar improvement. There are verified methods for stable introduction of novel genes into the nuclear genomes of over 120 diverse plant species. This review examines the criteria to verify plant transformation; the biological and practical requirements for transformation systems; the integration of tissue culture, gene transfer, selection, and transgene expression strategies to achieve transformation in recalcitrant species; and other constraints to plant transformation including regulatory environment, public perceptions, intellectual property, and economics. Because the costs of screening populations showing diverse genetic changes can far exceed the costs of transformation, it is important to distinguish absolute and useful transformation efficiencies. The major technical challenge facing plant transformation biology is the development of methods and constructs to produce a high proportion of plants showing predictable transgene expression without collateral genetic damage. This will require answers to a series of biological and technical questions, some of which are defined.
Cutting Edge: NLRC5-Dependent Activation of the Inflammasome (2010)

The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins, NLRs, are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. A subgroup of NLRs can form inflammasome complexes, which facilitate the maturation of procaspase 1 to caspase 1, leading to IL-1β and IL-18 cleavage and secretion. NLRC5 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has not been studied for inflammasome function. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of NLRC5 nearly eliminated caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 processing in response to bacterial infection, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and damage-associated molecular patterns. This was confirmed in primary human monocytic cells. NLRC5, together with procaspase 1, pro-IL-1β, and the inflammasome adaptor ASC, reconstituted inflammasome activity that showed cooperativity with NLRP3. The range of pathogens that activate NLRC5 inflammasome overlaps with those that activate NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRC5 biochemically associates with NLRP3 in a nucleotide-binding domain-dependent but leucine-rich repeat-inhibitory fashion. These results invoke a model in which NLRC5 interacts with NLRP3 to cooperatively activate the inflammasome.
The use of carbohydrate antigens for the preparation of vaccinesfor therapy in breast cancer (2002)

Immunotherapy of human breast cancer is a rapidly growing experimental area based on peptidic as well as carbohydrate tumor-associated antigens. Cell surface carbohydrates are characteristic of different stages of normal development and differentiation; distinct carbohydrates are expressed in tissue- and cell-specific manners during those processes. Under pathological conditions such as neoplasia, changes in carbohydrate structures can almost always be present. In the successful development of carbohydrate anticancer vaccines, adjuvant and carrier molecules that promote the presentation of an antigen to the immune effector cells are prominent factors. At present, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is the most widely used carrier protein in cancer immunotherapy, and QS-21 is the adjuvant most widely employed. In breast cancer, the immunogenicity of TF, Tn, STn and globo H antigens has been explored in different clinical trials. Approaches including vaccines against STn and globo H are presently being assayed with expectancy. From the experience obtained, it is possible to conclude that: 1) the employment of glycolipopeptide with clustered epitopes seems to be more effective than that of related structures with single epitopes in inducing antitumor cell antibodies; 2) the conjugation to carriers is best achieved using KLH; 3) totally synthetic constructs can be better immunogens in conjunction with a suitable adjuvant such as QS-21; in some cases, this adjuvant leads to a bypass in the need for specific T-cell help to stimulate IgG as well as IgM antibodies. In other cases, a T-cell mediated immune response is obtained, and (4) the development of a totally synthetic vaccine would greatly facilitate the production of the vaccine for large scale clinical trials with the attainment of regulatory approval.
Amorphic diamond/silicon semiconductor heterojunctions exhibiting photoconductive characteristics (2000)

Amorphic diamond deposited from an intense laser plasma of C3+ and C4+ exhibits semiconductor properties. Although this material has a measured electrical breakdown strength of 3×109 V/m, it is shown to form a heterojunction with both p- and n-type Si. Regardless of the doping type and its concentration in the Si, current is rectified in the same direction with the diamond layer acting as the cathode. A photoconductive effect is observed for these junction devices and current levels from the heterojunction vary with the amount of reverse bias and the illumination. The spectral response is estimated to mostly lie in the range of 600–900 nm.
Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Orally Administered l-β-Z)-Arabinofuranosylcytosine-5’-Stearylphosphate (1991)

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate (fosteabine) was administered orally to patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), RAEB in transformation, acute leukemia derived from RAEB and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, in an early phase II study in a multi-institutional study. Among 62 evaluable patients, 2 patients achieved a complete remission, 6 a good response and 8 partial response by daily oral administration of 100-200 mg of fosteabine. The overall response rate was 25.8%. The response rates were almost the same among the four subtypes of MDS. Responses were reached 2-23 weeks (median, 8 weeks) after the start of therapy and continued for 3-50 weeks (median, 10 weeks). Major side effects were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicities. In spite of the disadvantages, such as unpredictable absorption, this newly developed orally administrable cytarabine analogue will be a useful drug in the treatment of MDS.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis that was resistant to methotrexate and sulfasalazine developed in a 25-year-old woman who was evaluated for possible treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. These agents are effective in some patients who have not had a response to other therapies. They increase the risk of infection, and their long-term efficacy and safety are not established.
A review on fabrication technologies for the monolithic integration of tapers with III-V semiconductor devices (1997)

The past few years a lot of effort has been put in the development and fabrication of III-V semiconductor waveguiding devices with monolithic integrated mode size converters (tapers). By integrating a taper with a waveguide device, the coupling losses and the packaging cost of OEICs in future fiber-optical networks can be much reduced. This paper gives an overview of different taper designs, the possible fabrication technologies and performances of tapered devices.
A human endothelial cell-restricted, externally disposed plasmalemmal protein enriched in intercellular junctions. (1989)

We have raised an mAb to a previously undescribed 135-kD externally disposed integral membrane protein that is enriched in the intercellular junctional domain of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This protein localizes at the appositional surfaces of cells as they become confluent and is stably expressed in the junctional zones of confluent monolayers. This protein is expressed in situ on continuous endothelia of all blood vessels in all human tissues examined. Moreover, this protein, as determined by mAb immunocytochemistry, is not expressed by any other cell type. This protein may mediate endothelial-specific functions restricted to the intercellular domain. It may also serve as a unique cell surface marker for the identification and purification of human endothelial cells.
Schedule-dependent activity of topotecan in OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma xenograft: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. (2001)

Topotecan is a topoisomerase (Topo) I inhibitor used in ovarian carcinoma chemotherapy. Topo I inhibitors are thought to be more cytotoxic using protracted schedules of administration. We tested this hypothesis on a preclinical model: human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 implanted i.p. Nude mice were treated i.p. with a total dose of topotecan of 12.5 mg/kg delivered in 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 daily injections. The toxicity was maximal when the total dose was delivered within 5 and 10 days of treatment. However, the efficacy was the greatest (all of the mice cured) in the 20-day schedule using 0.625 mg/kg/day, hence, making this latter schedule the most efficient without any major toxicity. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to identify parameters related to the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan in our model. The use of a population pharmacokinetic approach allowed us to define a therapeutic window: maintaining plasma concentrations above 0.2 microM for >10 h was necessary for an optimal antitumor effect and avoiding plasma concentrations >0.7 microM allowed a manageable toxicity. Finally, Topo I activity was monitored in ascites from animals treated with different topotecan administration schedules. The optimal schedule defined above allowed for sustained inhibition of Topo I activity associated with a greater antitumor activity. These in vivo data constitute a rationale for clinical studies testing this type of administration.
Effects of Filtration Seeding on Cell Density, Spatial Distribution, and Proliferation in Nonwoven Fibrous Matrices (2001)

The cell seeding density and spatial distribution in a 3-D scaffold are critical to the morphogenetic development of an engineered tissue. A dynamic depth-filtration seeding method was developed to improve the initial cell seeding density and spatial distribution in 3-D nonwoven fibrous matrices commonly used as tissue scaffolds. In this work, trophoblast-like ED27 cells were seeded in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrices with various porosities (0.85-0.93). The effects of the initial concentration of cells in the suspension used to seed the PET matrix and the pore size of the matrix on the resulting seeding density and subsequent cell proliferation and tissue development were studied. Compared to the conventional static seeding method, the dynamic depth-filtration seeding method gave a significantly higher initial seeding density (2-4 x 10(7) vs 4 x 10(6) cells/cm3), more uniform cell distribution, and a higher final cell density in the tissue scaffold. The more uniform initial cell spatial distribution from the filtration seeding method also led to more cells in S phase and a prolonged proliferation period. However, both uniform spatial cell distribution and the pore size of the matrices are important to cell proliferation and morphological development in the seeded tissue scaffold. Large-pore matrices led to the formation of cell aggregates and thus might reduce cell proliferation. The dynamic depth-filtration seeding method is better in providing a higher initial seeding density and more uniform cell distribution and is easier to apply to large tissue scaffolds. A depth-filtration model was also developed and can be used to simulate the seeding process and to predict the maximum initial seeding densities in matrices with different porosities.
Pattern of lipid fractions in plasma and cardiovascular tissues under Cryptorchidism in albino rat (2010)

Bilateral cryptorchidism was induced surgically in adult wistar strain male albino rats and lipid fractions such as total lipids, total cholesterol, Free cholesterol, Esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, Triglycerides and free fatty acids were analysed in the plasma, heart and dorsal aorta. The lipid fractions such as triglycerides (56.63%), free (20.82%) and esterified (61.25%) cholesterol as well as fatty acids in glycerol (64.42%) had significant elevation in the plasma of cryptorchid animals. Similarly LDL lipid fractions (64.99%) were also elevated markedly undercryptorchid conditions which are the markers of the obesity and atherosclerosis. The lipid fractions such as triglycerides (50.47%, 48.17%), cholesterol (74.64%, 67.7%) and phospholipids (42.04%, 68.88%) showed significant elevations in the heart and dorsal aorta of the cryptorchid animals over the control. The heart, dorsal aorta and plasma had significant accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol fractions, suggesting the possible deposition of lipid fractions in the tissues, which can be attributed to the possible suppression in the mobilization of lipid fractions into energy metabolism. Such an accumulation of lipid fractions under cryptorchid condition can be considered as the development of risk factor for the cardio-vascular disorders.
Poly-p-phenyleneamineimine: synthesis and comparison to polyaniline (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly-p-phenyleneamineimine: synthesis and comparison to polyanilineF. Wudl, R. O. Angus Jr., F. L. Lu, P. M. Allemand, D. Vachon, M. Nowak, Z. X. Liu, H. Schaffer, and A. J. HeegerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 12, 3677–3684Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00246a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1342Altmetric-Citations301LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (906 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Photocross‐linking of low‐density polyethylene. II. Structure and morphology (1993)

Abstract Morphological structure and other properties of polyethylene photocross‐linked in the melt (XLPE) have been studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density, and swelling measurements. The WAXD measurements show that the crystallinity of polyethylene decreases with increasing gel content in the XLPE samples and that the regularity and the size of crystals are affected by photocross‐linking. DSC data confirm that photocross‐linking occurs preferentially in the amorphous and interfacial regions and causes depression of the melting point and decreases the heat of fusion. The density of XLPE apparently decreases with increasing gel content, which is due to decreased crystallinity and lattice expansion. The cross‐link density determined by the swelling measurements and evaluated using the Flory–Rehner equation correlates well with the changes in crystallinity and melting point. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.