gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Genetic diagnosis of colorectal cancer]. (1996)

Accumulating evidences that carcinogenesis requires multiple gene alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have recently emerged. In addition, genes related to invasion and metastasis are also important in understanding development of colorectal cancer. In this study, clinical significance and application of tumor suppressor genes and invasion related genes such as APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma) tumor suppressor genes and invasion related gene, matrilysin were studied. In the mouse tumor induced by mutagen contained in cooked food, PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine), nonsense mutations of APC gene that is similar to human colorectal cancer have been observed. These results suggested the quite interesting issue of mutagen contained in daily food having etiological role of colorectal cancer. DCC gene alteration, decreased expression of DCC mRNA was detected in 60% of advanced colorectal cancer. In all cases with liver metastasis, DCC expression was absent or markedly decreased, a finding that detection of DCC expression have an clinical importance that predicts metastatic potential of colorectal cancer. Matrilysin, the member of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) which degrade matrix components such as type IV collagen, laminin or fibronectin. In most of colorectal cancer, matrilysin was overexpressed in tumor cells. Matrilysin-transfected colorectal cancer cells showed more invasive ability in vitro and gained metastatic potential in SCID mice. Suppression of matrilysin expression by treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or introduction of anti-sense matrilysin decreased the invasive ability in vitro. This result suggests that matrilysin plays an important role in invasion and metastasis and have a possibility of new anti-invasion therapy.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (including rare subtypes). Current concepts. II. (2004)

Notably, the latter two subtypes have special relevance to the clinicians because (i) subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma may be associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome; (ii) skin lesions in cytotoxic lymphomas may represent the first manifestation of an otherwise systemic disease.
Effects of Activin A on Pancreatic Ductal Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2007)

The pancreatic ductal cells could be efficiently differentiated into insulin secreting cells by activin A treatment in vitro and normalize hyperglycemia in vivo.
Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the umbilical cord (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known as a population of multi-potential cells able to proliferate and differentiate into multiple mesodermal tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, fat and stroma. In this study human MSCs were successfully isolated from the umbilical cords. The research characteristics of these cells, e.g., morphologic appearance, surface antigens, growth curve, cytogenetic features, cell cycle, differentiation potential and gene expression were investigated. After 2weeks of incubation, fibroblast-like cells appeared to be dominant. During the second passage the cells presented a homogeneous population of spindle fibroblast-like cells. After more than 4months (approximately 26 passages), the cells continued to retain their characteristics. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD29, CD44, CD95, CD105 and HLA-I were expressed on the cell surface, but there was no expression of hematopoietic lineage markers, such as CD34, CD38, CD71 and HLA-DR. Chromosomal analysis showed the cells kept a normal karyotype. The cell cycle at the third passage showed the percentage of G(0)/G(1), G(2)/M and S phase were 88.86%, 5.69% and 5.45%, respectively. The assays in vitro demonstrated the cells exhibited multi-potential differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic cells. Both BMI-1 and nucleostemin genes, expressed in adult MSCs from bone marrow, were also expressed in umbilical cord MSCs. Here we show that umbilical cords may be a novel alternative source of human MSCs for experimental and clinical applications.
Modeling low pressure collisional plasma sheath with space-charge effect (2003)

The present work develops a computationally efficient one-dimensional subgrid embedded finite element formulation for plasma-sheath dynamics. The model incorporates space-charge effect throughout the whole plasma and the sheath region using multifluid equations. Secondary electron emission is not considered. A third-order temperature dependent polynomial is used to self-consistently calculate the rate of ionization in the plasma dynamic equations. The applications include dc and rf sheath inside a glow discharge tube where the noble gas is immobile, and a partially ionized plasma sheath inside an electric propulsion thruster channel in which the gas flows. The electron and ion number densities of the numerical solution decrease in the sheath region as expected. The ion velocity and electron temperature profiles also exhibit the expected behavior. The computed sheath potential compares well with the available experimental data.
Genes VI, VII, and IX of phage M13 code for minor capsid proteins of the virion. (1981)

The minor capsid proteins C and D from phage M13 have been characterized by differential amino acid labeling and amino-terminal sequence analysis. We demonstrate that D protein (Mr 12,260) is the product of gene VI, whereas the C component is composed of the products of both gene VII (Mr 3580) and gene IX (Mr 3650). Our data further show that the proteins of genes VI, VII, and IX are not subject to proteolytic processing but are packaged into mature virions as their primary translational products. On the basis of incorporation of specific amino acids, the copy numbers of these proteins in M13 virions could be estimated relative to the number of A protein molecules. The M13 phage contains on the average 5 molecules of A protein, 5 molecules of VI protein and 3-4 molecules of both VII protein and IX protein. These copy numbers remained unchanged in M13 recombinant phages of up to two times the length of wild-type phages, a fact that indicates that these minor capsid proteins are located at either one or both ends of the phage filament.
Controlled human pose estimation from depth image streams (2008)

This paper presents a model-based, Cartesian control theoretic approach for estimating human pose from features detected using depth images obtained from a time of flight imaging device. The features represent positions of anatomical landmarks, detected and tracked over time based on a probabilistic inferencing algorithm. The detected features are subsequently used as input to a constrained, closed loop tracking control algorithm which not only estimates the pose of the articulated human model, but also provides feedback to the feature detector in order to resolve ambiguities or to provide estimates of undetected features. Based on a simple kinematic model, constraints such as joint limit avoidance, and self penetration avoidance are enforced within the tracking control framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm with experimental results of upper body pose reconstruction from a small set of features. On average, the entire pipeline runs at approximately 10 frames per second on a standard 3 GHz PC using a 17 degree of freedom upper body human model.
FPRP, a Major, Highly Stoichiometric, Highly Specific CD81- and CD9-associated Protein (2001)

CD81 and CD9, members of the transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF; tetraspanins), form extensive complexes with other TM4SF proteins, integrins, and other proteins, especially in mild detergents. In moderately stringent Brij 96 lysis conditions, CD81 and CD9 complexes are virtually identical to each other, but clearly distinct from other TM4SF complexes. One of the most prominent proteins within CD81 and CD9 complexes is identified here as FPRP, the 133-kDa prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor regulatory protein. FPRP, a cell-surface Ig superfamily protein, associates specifically with CD81 or with CD81 and CD9, but not with integrins or other TM4SF proteins. In contrast to other CD81- and CD9-associating proteins, FPRP associates at very high stoichiometry, with essentially 100% of cell-surface FPRP on 293 cells being CD81- and CD9-associated. Also, CD81.CD9.FPRP complexes have a discrete size (<4 x 10(6) Da) as measured by gel permeation chromatography and remain intact after disruption of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Although CD81 associated with both alpha(3) integrin and FPRP in 293 cells, the alpha(3)beta(1).CD81 and CD81.CD9.FPRP complexes were distinct, as determined by immunoprecipitation and immunodepletion experiments. In conclusion, our data affirm the existence of distinct TM4SF complexes with unique compositions and specifically characterize FPRP as the most robust, highly stoichiometric CD81- and/or CD9-associated protein yet described.
Potential novel biomarkers of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: CXCL13, CCL23, transforming growth factor α, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (2008)

This exploratory study for biomarker discovery led to the identification of several proteins predictive of RA disease activity that may be useful in the definition of disease subphenotypes and in the measurement of response to therapy in clinical studies.
Identification of nine interferon-α subtypes produced by Sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes (1998)

The human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) family is encoded by 13 different functional genes, and including all cloned sequence variants there are 28 potential IFN-alpha proteins. To find out which of the described sequences are expressed in normal human leucocytes, we have isolated and partly characterized the components of a highly purified IFN-alpha preparation produced by Sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes. The identification protocol consisted of N-terminal sequencing and mass mapping of the proteins separated by reverse-phase HPLC and/or SDS/PAGE. The highly purified leucocyte IFN-alpha preparation was found to contain at least nine different IFN-alpha species: IFN-alpha1a, IFN-alpha2b, IFN-alpha4b, IFN-alpha7a, IFN-alpha8b, IFN-alpha10a, IFN-alpha14c, IFN-alpha17b and IFN-alpha21b. IFN-alpha1a was the major subtype, comprising approx. 30% of total leucocyte IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha14c, the only subtype containing potential N-glycosylation sites, was shown to be glycosylated at Asn-72. Molecular mass determination of the intact proteins by electrospray ionization MS showed that there are no other post-translational modifications in the IFN-alpha subtypes than the glycosylation of IFN-alpha2b and IFN-alpha14c. Only one sequence variant was found for each subtype, suggesting that the other described gene sequences represent allelic variants or mutations that are more rarely found in the general population.
l‐Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications (2015)

L-Cysteine is a nutritionally semiessential amino acid and is present mainly in the form of L-cystine in the extracellular space. With the help of a transport system, extracellular L-cystine crosses the plasma membrane and is reduced to L-cysteine within cells by thioredoxin and reduced glutathione (GSH). Intracellular L-cysteine plays an important role in cellular homeostasis as a precursor for protein synthesis, and for production of GSH, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and taurine. L-Cysteine-dependent synthesis of GSH has been investigated in many pathological conditions, while the pathway for L-cysteine metabolism to form H(2)S has received little attention with regard to prevention and treatment of disease in humans. The main objective of this review is to highlight the metabolic pathways of L-cysteine catabolism to GSH, H(2)S, and taurine, with special emphasis on therapeutic and nutritional use of L-cysteine to improve the health and well-being of animals and humans.
Podocyte-specific overexpression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates diabetic nephropathy in mice (2012)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) degrades angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and is expressed in podocytes. Here we overexpressed ACE2 in podocytes in experimental diabetic nephropathy using transgenic methods where a nephrin promoter drove the expression of human ACE2. Glomeruli from these mice had significantly increased mRNA, protein, and activity of ACE2 compared to wild-type mice. Male mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. After 16 weeks, there was no significant difference in plasma glucose levels between wild-type and transgenic diabetic mice. Urinary albumin was significantly increased in wild-type diabetic mice at 4 weeks, whereas albuminuria in transgenic diabetic mice did not differ from wild-type nondiabetic mice. However, this effect was transient and by 16 weeks both transgenic and nontransgenic diabetic mice had similar rates of proteinuria. Compared to wild-type diabetic mice, transgenic diabetic mice had an attenuated increase in mesangial area, decreased glomerular area, and a blunted decrease in nephrin expression. Podocyte numbers decreased in wild-type diabetic mice at 16 weeks, but were unaffected in transgenic diabetic mice. At 8 weeks, kidney cortical expression of transforming growth factor-β1 was significantly inhibited in transgenic diabetic mice as compared to wild-type diabetic mice. Thus, the podocyte-specific overexpression of human ACE2 transiently attenuates the development of diabetic nephropathy.
A simple synthesis of dl-chalcose (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simple synthesis of dl-chalcoseSamuel Danishefsky and James F. Kerwin Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1597–1598Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VEAP: Global optimization based efficient algorithm for VLSI placement (2002)

In this paper we present a very simple, efficient while effective placement algorithm for Row-based VLSIs. This algorithm is based on strict mathematical analysis, and provably can find the global optima. From our experiments, this algorithm is one of the fastest algorithms, especially for very large scale circuits. Another point desired to point out is that our algorithm can be run in both wirelength and timing-driven modes.
D. F. Kirby (2007)

Cpl. D. F. Kirby. No. 27827. 13. Squad. Dec. 1941. Mar. 1943. Wife. Beryl. .Waikerie. S.A.
Evidence for a primary islet autoantigen (preproinsulin 1) for insulitis and diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse (2003)

It has been reported that an insulin 2 gene knockout, when bred onto nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, accelerates diabetes. We produced insulin 1 gene knockout congenic NOD mice. In contrast to insulin 2, diabetes and insulitis were markedly reduced in insulin 1 knockout mice, with decreased and delayed diabetes in heterozygous females and no insulitis and diabetes in most homozygous female mice. Lack of insulitis was found for insulin 1 female homozygous knockout mice at 8, 12, and 37 weeks of age. Despite a lack of insulitis, insulin 1 homozygous knockout mice spontaneously expressed insulin autoantibodies. Administration of insulin peptide B:9-23 of both insulin 1 and 2 to NOD mice induced insulin autoantibodies. Insulin 1 is not the only lymphocytic target of NOD mice. Insulin 1 homozygous knockout islets, when transplanted into recently diabetic wild-type NOD mice, became infiltrated with lymphocytes and only transiently reversed diabetes. These observations indicate that loss of either insulin gene can influence progression to diabetes of NOD mice and suggest that the preproinsulin 1 gene is crucial for the spontaneous development of NOD insulitis and diabetes.
NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (2010)

NF-κB selective inhibitory drugs may be useful, either as single agents or associated with conventional chemotherapy.
An overview of antimicrobial therapy. (1992)

Dealing with infections is an integral part of clinical practice. The vast number of antimicrobial agents available, with new ones being introduced constantly, behooves practitioners to keep abreast of the properties, antimicrobial activities, clinical uses and possible adverse effects of these agents. This article attempts to present an overview on several classes of antimicrobial agents commonly used in our daily practices, with the hope of steering our colleagues toward rational and judicious usage of these potent medications.
Changing Nutrient Requirements in Older Adults (1992)

With a rapidly increasing proportion of the population living to an older age, the work of the USDA Human Nutrition Reserach Center on Aging to identify the nutrient needs of those over 60 years of age assumes great significance as we attempt to provide dietary guidance and develop a public health policy designed to reduce chronic diseases and promote a high level of health in the elderly. Dr. Blumberg presents a “state-of-the-art” article on the topic, suggesting the need to reconsider recommendations regarding intakes of vitamins B6, A, D, E and B12 for the elderly.
Near real-time shaded display of rigid objects (1983)

Described is a visible surface algorithm and an implementation that generates shaded display of objects with hundreds of polygons rapidly enough for interactive use — several images per second. The basic algorithm, introduced in [Fuchs, Kedem and Naylor, 1980], is designed to handle rigid objects and scenes by preprocessing the object data base to minimize visibility computation cost. The speed of the algorithm is further enhanced by its simplicity, which allows it to be implemented within the internal graphics processor of a general purpose raster system.
Parameters affecting fusion between Sendai virus and liposomes. Role of viral proteins, liposome composition, and pH (1986)

A kinetic and quantitative characterization of the fusion process between Sendai virus and phospholipid vesicles is presented. Membrane fusion was monitored in a direct and continuous manner by employing an assay which relies on the relief of fluorescence self-quenching of the probe octadecylrhodamine B chloride which was located in the viral membrane. Viral fusion activity was strongly dependent on the vesicle lipid composition and was most efficient with vesicles solely consisting of acidic phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin (CL). This result implies that the fusion of viruses with liposomes does not display an absolute requirement for specific membrane receptors. Incorporation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), rather than phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), into CL bilayers strongly inhibited fusion, suggesting that repulsive hydration forces interfere with the close approach of viral and target membrane. Virus-liposome fusion products were capable of fusing with liposomes, but not with virus. In contrast to fusion with erythrocyte membranes, fusion between virus and acidic phospholipid vesicles was triggered immediately, did not strictly depend on viral protein conformation, and did not display a pH optimum around pH 7.5. On the other hand, with vesicles consisting of PC, PE, cholesterol, and the ganglioside GD1a, the virus resembled more closely the fusogenic properties that were seen with erythrocyte target membranes. Upon decreasing the pH below 5.0, the viral fusion activity increased dramatically. With acidic phospholipid vesicles, maximal activity was observed around pH 4.0, while with GD1a-containing zwitterionic vesicles the fusion activity continued to increase with decreasing pH down to values as low as 3.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis. (2002)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is the most common primary systemic small-vessel vasculitis to occur in adults. Although the etiology is not always known, the incidence of vasculitis is increasing, and the diagnosis and management of patients may be challenging because of its relative infrequency, changing nomenclature, and variability of clinical expression. Advances in clinical management have been achieved during the past few years, and many ongoing studies are pending. Vasculitis may affect the large, medium, or small blood vessels. Small-vessel vasculitis may be further classified as ANCA-associated or non-ANCA-associated vasculitis. ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis includes microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and drug-induced vasculitis. Better definition criteria and advancement in the technologies make these diagnoses increasingly common. Features that may aid in defining the specific type of vasculitic disorder include the type of organ involvement, presence and type of ANCA (myeloperoxidase-ANCA or proteinase 3-ANCA), presence of serum cryoglobulins, and the presence of evidence for granulomatous inflammation. Family physicians should be familiar with this group of vasculitic disorders to reach a prompt diagnosis and initiate treatment to prevent end-organ damage. Treatment usually includes corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.
A Simple Method to Prepare Head-to-Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard Metathesis (1999)

Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (PATs) exhibit promising electronic properties; however, their regioregular syntheses are only beginning to be developed. The authors describe a new method for the preparation of head-to-tail coupled (HT) PATs, in which methylmagnesium bromide is utilized to