gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amniotic membrane immobilized poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid polymer as an artificial cornea scaffold that supports a stratified and differentiated corneal epithelium (2006)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biocompatible, transparent hydrogel with physical strength that makes it promising as a material for an artificial cornea. In our previous study, type I collagen was immobilized onto PVA (PVA-COL) as a possible artificial cornea scaffold that can sustain a functional corneal epithelium. The cellular adhesiveness of PVA in vitro was improved by collagen immobilization; however, stable epithelialization was not achieved in vivo. To improve epithelialization in vivo, we created an amniotic membrane (AM)-immobilized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-AM) for use as an artificial cornea material. AM was attached to PVA-COL using a tissue adhesive consisting of collagen and citric acid derivative (CAD) as a crosslinker. Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were air-lift cultured with 3T3 feeder fibroblasts to form a stratified epithelial layer on PVA-AM. The rabbit corneal epithelial cells formed 3-5 layers of keratin-3-positive epithelium on PVA-AM. Occludin-positive cells were observed lining the superficial epithelium, the gap-junctional protein connexin43-positive cells was localized to the cell membrane of the basal epithelium, while both collagen IV were observed in the basement membrane. Epithelialization over implanted PVA-AM was complete within 2 weeks, with little inflammation or opacification of the hydrogel. Corneal epithelialization on PVA-AM in rabbit corneas improved over PVA-COL, suggesting the possibility of using PVA-AM as a biocompatible hybrid material for keratoprosthesis.
In vivo left-ventricular contact force analysis: comparison of antegrade transseptal with retrograde transaortic mapping strategies and correlation of impedance and electrical amplitude with contact force (2014)

Antegrade vs. retrograde LV-mapping approaches result in different CF. A combined approach to the LV mapping may improve the overall LV mapping, potentially resulting in better clinical outcomes for the left VT catheter ablation. The previous surrogate markers used to assess CF do correlate with in vivo CF; however, due to a larger overlap, their clinical value is limited.
Characterization and Quantitation of Experimental Surgical-Wound Infections Used to Evaluate Topical Antibacterial Agents (1976)

Reproducible experimental surgical-wound infections in mice for use in the evaluation of topical antibacterial agents are described. The experimental would was created on the backs of mice by means of a midline incision and was infected by means of cotton sutures monocontaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The course of these wound infections was followed by quantitation of surface bacteria through use of a surface rinse technique. Surface wound counts of the infecting organisms thus obtained appeared to reflect the dynamics of the total wound count, as determined by homogenization of biopsied tissue. Treatment of infected wounds with a placebo cream had only a slight effect on surface wound counts and on mortality in the case of the S. aureus infection but enhanced markedly the lethality of the P. aeruginosa infection.
HealthGear: A Real-time Wearable System for Monitoring and Analyzing Physiological Signals (2006)

We present HealthGear, a real-time wearable system for monitoring, visualizing and analyzing physiological signals. HealthGear consists of a set of noninvasive physiological sensors wirelessly connected via Bluetooth to a cell phone which stores, transmits and analyzes the physiological data, and presents it to the user in an intelligible way. In this paper, we focus on an implementation of HealthGear using a blood oximeter to monitor the user's blood oxygen level and pulse while sleeping. We also describe two different algorithms for automatically detecting sleep apnea events, and illustrate the performance of the overall system in a sleep study with 20 volunteers
Bio-Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces (2012)

Self-cleaning surfaces have drawn a lot of interest for both fundamental research and practical applications. This review focuses on the recent progress in mechanism, preparation, and application of self-cleaning surfaces. To date, self-cleaning has been demonstrated by the following four conceptual approaches: (a) TiO 2 -based superhydrophilic self-cleaning, (b) lotus effect self-cleaning (superhydrophobicity with a small sliding angle), (c) gecko setae–inspired self-cleaning, and (d) underwater organisms–inspired antifouling self-cleaning. Although a number of self-cleaning products have been commercialized, the remaining challenges and future outlook of self-cleaning surfaces are also briefly addressed. Through evolution, nature, which has long been a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers, has arrived at what is optimal. We hope this review will stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration among material science, chemistry, biology, physics, nanoscience, engineering, etc., which is essential for the rational design and reproducible construction of bio-inspired multifunctional self-cleaning surfaces in practical applications.
Development of sipuleucel-T: Autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (2011)

Sipuleucel-T, the first autologous cellular immunotherapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, is designed to stimulate an immune response to prostate cancer. Sipuleucel-T is manufactured by culturing a patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs), with a recombinant protein comprising a tumor-associated antigen (prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP]) and granulocyte colony-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A full course of treatment comprises 3 infusions of sipuleucel-T, given at approximately 2-week intervals. The pattern of APC activation is consistent with priming by the first infusion, and boosting by the second and third infusions. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated evidence of a robust antigen-specific immune response that includes a progressive and persistent increase in antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Treatment with sipuleucel-T has demonstrated a survival benefit in Phase 3 studies of subjects with metastatic castrate resistant (hormone refractory) prostate cancer (mCRPC). Adverse events with sipuleucel-T were generally mild to moderate and resolved within 2 days. Serious adverse events, autoimmune events, and cerebrovascular events occurred at a similar rate to control subjects. As the first autologous cellular immunotherapy to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC patients, sipuleucel-T represents a new treatment paradigm in oncology.
Outcome measures for clinical trials in neurotrauma (2002)

Under the auspices of the American Brain Injury Consortium and the Joint Section of Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, the authors have reviewed and formulated opinions based on the evidence on protocol design and the outcome measures used for clinical trials in patients with a severe or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). First, in view of the heterogeneity of the population under study, the authors suggest that block randomization and stratification should always be used in the design of neurotrauma trials. Second, although the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) remains the most widely used and accepted instrument for TBI trials, the authors believe the eight-point expanded scale that has recently been designed will ultimately provide greater discrimination, and narrower categories and will ultimately prove superior for detecting more subtle changes in outcome. Furthermore, the authors recommend, in view of the profound cognitive impairment in survivors of TBI, that neuropsychological tests be explored further as an adjunct to the GOS. Future research should focus on the development of more sensitive and specific surrogate outcome measures such as magnetic resonance imaging, neurochemical, neuropsychological, and quality of life measures in order to detect a neuroprotective effect in patients with TBI.
Variation in human cancer cell external phosphatidylserine is regulated by flippase activity and intracellular calcium (2015)

Viable cancer cells expose elevated levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms leading to elevated PS exposure in viable cancer cells have not been defined. We previously showed that externalized PS may be used to monitor, target and kill tumor cells. In addition, PS on tumor cells is recognized by macrophages and has implications in antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular details of PS exposure on cancer cells in order to improve therapeutic targeting. Here we explored the mechanisms regulating the surface PS exposure in human cancer cells and found that differential flippase activity and intracellular calcium are the major regulators of surface PS exposure in viable human cancer cells. In general, cancer cell lines with high surface PS exhibited low flippase activity and high intracellular calcium, whereas cancer cells with low surface PS exhibited high flippase activity and low intracellular calcium. High surface PS cancer cells also had higher total cellular PS than low surface PS cells. Together, our results indicate that the amount of external PS in cancer cells is regulated by calcium dependent flippase activity and may also be influenced by total cellular PS.
Polymeric Contrast Agents for Medical Imaging (2000)

Synthetic polymers and co-polymers are described, to be used as carriers of reporter groups for gamma-, magnetic resonance (MR), and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Those compounds include polychelating and amphiphilic polymers and serve as key components of various contrast agents. Single terminus-activated polychelating polymers were synthesized using poly-L-lysine (PLL) as a main chain and chelating moieties (such as diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid or DTPA) as side groups. These polymers were used for the modification of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies to increase their load with reporter metal atoms. As a result, better images within shorter time intervals were obtained in animal experiments. The application of liposomes and micelles as carriers for diagnostic imaging agents in experimental and clinical medicine is considered. The load of liposomes and micelles with contrast agents for gamma- and MR imaging (MRI) was sharply increased by using polychelating polymers additionally modified on one end with a hydrophobic phospholipid residue to give amphiphilic polymers. Such polymers easily incorporate the liposome membrane or micelle core and provide better loading of liposomes and micelles with reporter metals and, consequently, better and faster imaging of various physiological compartments, such as lymphatic and vascular systems. A block-copolymer of methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and iodine-substituted PLL was synthesized to prepare long-circulating contrast agent for CT imaging of the blood pool. In the aqueous solution, this copolymer forms stable and heavily loaded with iodine (up to 30% of iodine by weight) micelles. These micelle were successfully used for CT visualization of the vascular network in experimental animals. General trends in developing contrast polymers are discussed.
FOLFIRI regimen in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma resistant to gemcitabine and platinum-salts (2012)

The FOLFIRI regimen had an acceptable toxicity and an interesting efficacy in our study, limited to patients in good condition (PS 0-1).
Mutual coupling compensation in small array antennas (1990)

A technique to compensate for mutual coupling in a small array is developed and experimentally verified. Mathematically, the compensation consists of a matrix multiplication performed on the received-signal vector. This, in effect, restores the signals as received by the isolated elements in the absence of mutual coupling. This technique is most practical for digital beamforming antennas where the matrix operation can be readily implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laser-driven electron ionization for a VUV photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1991)

The modification of a VUV photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) to accommodate pulsed electron ionization is described. Utilizing a selected wavelength from a UV or VUV laser, structurally important fragment ions can be created for mass analysis. Data are straightforwardly obtained with only minor modifications to the experimental apparatus. The electron energy is continuously adjustable, thereby allowing the extent of fragmentation to be controlled. Observed fragmentation patterns are quantitatively similar to conventional electron ionization. Performance using UV or VUV radiation as the photoelectric driver is adequate to perform pulsed electron ionization on a time scale compatible with TOF-MS.
Molecular and functional analyses of the contractile apparatus in lymphatic muscle (2003)

Lymphatics are necessary for the generation and regulation of lymph flow. Lymphatics use phasic contractions and extrinsic compressions to generate flow; tonic contractions alter resistance. Lymphatic muscle exhibits important differences from typical vascular smooth muscle. In this study, the thoracic duct exhibited significant functional differences from mesenteric lymphatics. To understand the molecular basis for these differences, we examined the profiles of contractile proteins and their messages in mesenteric lymphatics, thoracic duct, and arterioles. Results demonstrated that mesenteric lymphatics express only SMB smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), whereas thoracic duct and arterioles expressed both SMA and SMB isoforms. Both SM1 and SM2 isoforms of SM-MHC were detected in arterioles and mesenteric and thoracic lymphatics. In addition, the fetal cardiac/skeletal slow-twitch muscle-specific beta-MHC message was detected only in mesenteric lymphatics. All four actin messages, cardiac alpha-actin, vascular alpha-actin, enteric gamma-actin, and skeletal alpha-actin, were present in both mesenteric lymphatics and arterioles. However, in thoracic duct, predominantly cardiac alpha-actin and vascular alpha-actin were found. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses corroborated the mRNA studies. However, in arterioles only vascular alpha-actin protein was detected. These data indicate that lymphatics display genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of vascular, cardiac, and visceral myocytes, which are needed to fulfill the unique roles of the lymphatic system.
Effects of Hair Colors on the Optical Illusion of Body Types (2003)

The purpose of this study is to determine affects of hair colors on physical shapes and images through field survey and experimental research. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed 230 female college students residing in Busan about their dyed hair colors, and selected the subjects for the study. Then the researcher an experimental research on the subjects by suing test stimuli. Results of the study can be described as follows: Experiment of the Optical Illusion of Physical Shapes. For all items measured for the experiment, except four ones, if was found that hair colors provided significant efforts of optical illusion factor analysis, included horizontality, outlines of the body and face, a horizontal line of the shoulder, the length, verticality and a horizontal line of the face. According to hair colors, black made the body look slimmer and the face look apparent. White made the body height look low, the outline of the face look clear and the neck or shoulder look fleshed. Female college students whose hair color was orange looked unclear in the body silhouette, bright in the face and broad in the hip and shoulder. Other students whose hair color was red, attracting the line of vision upward most strongly, looked fleshed in the upper body and broad in the face. Finally, blue made the face look dark.
LFA-1-induced T cell migration on ICAM-1 involves regulation of MLCK-mediated attachment and ROCK-dependent detachment (2003)

This study analyzes signaling events initiated through binding of the leukocyte integrin LFA-1 to ICAM-1, which leads to T cell attachment, polarization and random migration. These events are critically dependent on dynamic changes in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton under the regulation of myosin light chain kinase and ROCK (Rho kinase). A key finding is that the activity of these two kinases is spatially segregated. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) must operate at the leading edge of the T cell because blocking its activity causes the polarized T cell to retract from the front of the cell. These activities are mirrored by inhibiting calmodulin, the activator of MLCK. In contrast inhibition of ROCK (and RhoA) has the effect of preventing detachment of the T cell trailing edge, showing that this kinase operates at the rear of the cell. This compartmentalized activity of the two kinases is reflected in their localization within the T cell. Myosin light chain kinase is concentrated at the leading edge, overlapping F-actin, whereas ROCK is more widely distributed in the trailing edge of the T cell. Thus these two kinases perform two different functions in the migrating T cell, with myosin light chain kinase activity important for attachment and movement at the leading edge and ROCK activity required for the detachment of the trailing edge. These two actomyosin-dependent processes operate coordinately to cause forward migration of a T cell.
Levocetirizine and rupatadine in chronic idiopathic urticaria (2014)

Levocetirizine was found to be more efficacious than rupatadine in CIU patients, but both drugs caused mild sedation.
Plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in patients with esophageal cancer (2012)

Cytokines are multifunctional polypeptides synthesized in various cell types. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) are cytokines that have important roles in cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: Forty-three esophageal cancer patients (24 females and 19 males) who were newly diagnosed and had not yet undergone operation participated in the study. The patients&amp;amp;apos; average age was 61.03 ± 12.4 years. The control group, on the other hand, comprised 43 healthy individuals (22 males and 21 females) with an average age of 56 ± 11.3. Forty-one (95.3%) of the patients had symptoms of dysphagia. The second leading symptom was weight loss, experienced by 32 (74.4%) of the patients. The cancer of 5 (11.6%) of the patients advanced in stage and had distant metastases (2 involving the lung and 3 involving the liver) at presentation. TNF-a (TNF-a-EASIA Kit, DIAsource) and IL-6 (IL-6-EASIA Kit, DIAsource) were studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The measured TNF-a plasma levels of the patients and the control group were 12.35 ± 9.69 and 4.62 ± 3.06 pg/mL, respectively (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). The average TNF-a plasma levels of the patients with and without weight loss were 14.95 ± 9.96 and 4.77 ± 3.12 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.044). The average IL-6 plasma level of the esophageal cancer patients was 60.30 ± 53.15 pg/mL, and the average IL-6 plasma level of the control group was 6.00 ± 3.26 pg/mL (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). The average IL-6 levels of the patients with and without weight loss were 65.22 ± 43.27 and 12.37 ± 6.80 pg/mL, respectively (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the IL-6 and TNF-a plasma levels of the patients with and without distant metastasis. Conclusion: The results show that IL-6 and TNF-a plasma levels may be utilized as tumor markers for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. However, to definitely conclude this, we need further extensive studies.
Identification of α2‐Macroglobulin as a Master Inhibitor of Cartilage‐Degrading Factors That Attenuates the Progression of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis (2014)

The plasma protease inhibitor α2 M is not present in sufficient concentrations to inactivate the high concentrations of catabolic factors found in OA SF. Our findings suggest that supplemental intraarticular α2 M provides chondral protection in posttraumatic OA.
Updated results of R&amp;D on Functionally Innovative 3D-Integrated Circuit (Dream Chip) technology in FY2009 (2010)

In the NEDO "Dream Chip Project", ASET has been entrusted a project for developing, "Functionally Innovative 3D-Integrated Circuit". In the five year project from 2008 to 2012, development on technologies for design environment, chip test, interposer, cooling and stacking/bonding, thin wafer, and development on demonstration device, process and 3D Reconfigurable Device Technology are being performed.
General wavelength dependence of imaging through the atmosphere (1981)

Atmospheric MTF formulations are restated to include contrast reduction by thermal backgrounds received by the imaging system. These backgrounds should be of significance for infrared imaging through the atmosphere. Absorption windows such as 2.0-2.4 and 3.1-4.1-microm wavelengths, which contain minimum atmospheric background, are suggested as usually permitting the best resolution for long range atmospheric imaging of apparently bright objects despite the fact that received object beam radiation may even peak in the 8-13-microm window. The 8-13-microm window is generally better for thermal imaging of objects whose temperatures are close to those of the atmosphere.
Towards the virtual brain: network modeling of the intact and the damaged brain. (2010)

Neurocomputational models of large-scale brain dynamics utilizing realistic connectivity matrices have advanced our understanding of the operational network principles in the brain. In particular, spontaneous or resting state activity has been studied on various scales of spatial and temporal organization including those that relate to physiological, encephalographic and hemodynamic data. In this article we focus on the brain from the perspective of a dynamic network and discuss the role of its network constituents in shaping brain dynamics. These constituents include the brain's structural connectivity, the population dynamics of its network nodes and the time delays involved in signal transmission. In addition, no discussion of brain dynamics would be complete without considering noise and stochastic effects. In fact, there is mounting evidence that the interaction between noise and dynamics plays an important functional role in shaping key brain processes. In particular, we discuss a unifying theoretical framework that explains how structured spatio-temporal resting state patterns emerge from noise driven explorations of unstable or stable oscillatory states. Embracing this perspective, we explore the consequences of network manipulations to understand some of the brain's dysfunctions, as well as network effects that offer new insights into routes towards therapy, recovery and brain repair. These collective insights will be at the core of a new computational environment, the Virtual Brain, which will allow flexible incorporation of empirical data constraining the brain models to integrate, unify and predict network responses to incipient pathological processes.