gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Action of Hsp70, Hsp90, and DnaJ Proteins in Protein Renaturation (1996)

The proteins required for the repair of damaged proteins in the eukaryotic cytoplasm remain largely uncharacterized. The renaturation of thermally denatured firefly luciferase readily occurs in rabbit reticulocyte lysate by an ATP-dependent process. Earlier studies had shown that this chaperoning activity could be reconstituted, in part, using purified preparations of hsp70 and hsp90. We have extended the description of this system by clarifying the importance of hsp70 and hsp90 and have tested for additional factors that enhance renaturation. Using mutant hsp70 proteins, we have shown that hsp70 is required for luciferase renaturation. We have also found that hsp70 and hsp90 preparations purified by common procedures were contaminated with low levels of DnaJ proteins that are essential for the renaturing activity. When hsp70 and hsp90 preparations free of DnaJ proteins are used, the system must be supplemented with a DnaJ protein to obtain renaturation activity. The yeast DnaJ protein, YDJ-1, was found to be very effective for this purpose. Although significant renaturation can occur with only hsp70 and DnaJ proteins, hsp90 also contributes to the renaturation process, both in the complex environment of reticulocyte lysate and in a purified system. However, using highly purified hsp90 and geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of hsp90 function, we have determined that hsp90 is not an essential component of the renaturation system. The contribution of hsp90 to renaturation is only partially blocked by geldanamycin, suggesting that this protein may influence activity in more than one way. This study indicates that hsp70, hsp90, and DnaJ proteins function cooperatively to renature damaged proteins in the eukaryotic cytoplasm and provides a framework by which additional components can be identified and individual chaperone contributions can be investigated.
PROPER AND IMPROPER FOLDING OF PROTEINS IN THE CELLULAR ENVIRONMENT (1991)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
12 Lateral Approach for Lumbar Diskogram and Chemonucleolysis (1969)

* Associate Professor of the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio.
The Natural Course of Infantile Pompe’s Disease: 20 Original Cases Compared With 133 Cases From the Literature (2003)

Survival, decrease of the diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, and achievement of major motor milestones are valid endpoints for therapeutic studies of infantile Pompe's disease. Mutation analysis and measurement of the alpha-glucosidase activity should be part of the enrollment program.
Sequence and uptake specificity of cloned sonicated fragments of Haemophilus influenzae DNA (1990)

Our data support the conclusion that all tight binding of DNA by competent cells of Haemophilus influenzae is due to 9 base pairs (bp) of the 11-bp motif 5'-AAGTGCGGTCA or its inverse complement, TGACCGCACTT. Sonicated chromosomal DNA of H. influenzae was absorbed and extracted from competent cells to prepare a subpopulation of uptake fragments enriched for single uptake (binding) sequences. This DNA was inserted into the plasmid pUC18 and cloned into Escherichia coli. Whole sonicated chromosomal DNA was also cloned in pUC18 as a population of control fragments. Seventy-one plasmids were labeled with 3H and tested for DNA binding, and the inserts of 28 of them were sequenced. The control plasmid pUC18 was absorbed to competent H. influenzae cells at low levels of 5 to 10% of DNA added. The plasmids containing uptake inserts were mostly absorbed at levels of 70 to 80%, but a significant number contained inserts with an intermediate level of binding, 20 to 30%. The inserts of 15 plasmids were excised and tested for DNA uptake to demonstrate good agreement between uptake of these plasmids and their insert fragments. Sequencing of inserts revealed that the presence of 9 bp of the 11-bp motif was associated with tight binding. Some inserts with intermediate levels of binding had no significant similarities to the 9-bp sequence. The 9-bp sequence appeared to account for most of the binding to competent cells, but appreciable binding occurred with fragments without 9-bp homology. About one-third of the 9-bp uptake sequences were found as inverted repeats that could form strong stem-loop structures. It has been suggested by Goodman and Scocca (Proc. Nal. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6982-6986, 1988) that in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, uptake sequences occur as palindromes and act as transcription terminators. Although consistent, the data are insufficient to make this conclusion for uptake sequence palindromes in H. influenzae.
Gestational age and maternal weight effects on fetal cell‐free DNA in maternal plasma (2013)

Fetal cfDNA increases with gestation, decreases with increasing maternal weight, and generally improves upon a blood redraw when the first attempt has insufficient fetal cfDNA.
Single i.v. ketamine augmentation of newly initiated escitalopram for major depression: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled 4-week study (2015)

Single-dose i.v. ketamine augmentation of escitalopram was safe and effective in severe MDD, holding promise for speeding up early oral antidepressant efficacy.
The New Bisphosphonate, Zometa®(Zoledronic Acid), Decreases Skeletal Complications in Both Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Lesions: A Comparison to Pamidronate (2002)

Bisphosphonates are the treatment of choice for lytic bone lesions associated with breast cancer. In contrast, bone lesions associated with prostate cancer are predominately osteoblastic. Zoledonic acid (Zol) is a new-generation bisphosphonate that is approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude more potent than pamidronate (Pam) in preclinical models and has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with both lytic and blastic lesions. Zoledonic acid (4 mg via 15 min infusion) every 3-4 weeks was directly compared to Pam (90 mg via 2 hr infusion) in 767 patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing a skeletal-related event (SRE) over 13 months. Zoledonic acid was as effective as Pam, and the proportion of Zol-treated patients with an SRE (42% in the hormonal therapy strata and 44% in the chemotherapy strata) was comparable to the original studies comparing Pam to placebo. Among 371 breast cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy, the proportion of patients with an SRE was 47% for Pam vs. 57% for placebo (P = 0.057), and among 380 patients treated with chemotherapy, the proportions with an SRE were 43% for Pam vs. 56% for placebo (P = 0.008) at 12 months. Zoledronic acid (4 mg) has been compared to placebo in a randomized Phase III trial involving 422 men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Zoledonic acid demonstrated a significant advantage over placebo for median time to first SRE (median not reached for Zol vs. 321 days for placebo; P = 0.011), the proportion of patients with an SRE over 15 months (33 vs. 44% for placebo; P = 0.021), and mean skeletal morbidity rate (number of SREs/time, 0.08 vs. 1.49 for placebo; P = 0.006). In addition, the effects of Zol were apparent early. At 3 months, only 12% of Zol-treated patients had an SRE vs. 23% for placebo (P = 0.003), and at 6 months, the proportions were 21 vs. 31% for placebo (P = 0.025). In contrast, a previous study of Pam in 236 prostate cancer patients found that Pam was no more effective than placebo in reducing bone pain or SREs over 6 months. In these studies, Zol was well tolerated with a safety profile similar to other IV bisphosphonates. In conclusion, Zol is the first bisphosphonate to demonstrate efficacy in both lytic and blastic disease. The unique properties of this novel agent should be further explored in future clinical trials.
Identification of a Synthetic Peptide as Part of a Major Neutralization Epitope of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1987)

A 7000 Mr cleavage fragment of the F1 subunit that carries the major neutralization epitope has been identified by chemical and enzymatic cleavage of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus (Long strain) with an efficient RS virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Based on the published mRNA-deduced sequence of the A2 strain, coupled to the hydropathicity profile and prediction of protein conformation, the neutralization epitope has tentatively been localized on the first third of the F1 protein N-terminal, probably in the region of amino acids 215Ser to 236Glu. Analysis of three peptides covering different portions of the 212Cys to 236Glu region of the F1 fusion protein identified a peptide (Cys X 216Asn to 236Glu) that reacted strongly with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody and that was efficient in blocking neutralization and in plaque-reducing assays, confirming that the neutralization epitope was localized in that region. Further analysis with two other synthetic peptides (212Cys to 222Glu and Cys X 221Ile to 236Glu) indicated that the dodecapeptide Ile-Glu-Phe-Gln-Lys-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu mimicked either the whole or a major part of the neutralization epitope. This opens a promising avenue for the simple design of a synthetic peptide vaccine to control RS virus infection.
Use of Transgenic Animals in Biotechnology: Prospects and Problems (2013)

During the past two decades, there have been numerous attempts at using animals in order to produce recombinant human proteins and monoclonal antibodies. However, it is only recently that the first two therapeutic agents isolated from the milk of transgenic animals, C1 inhibitor (Ruconest) and antithrombin (ATryn), appeared on the market. This inspires hope that a considerable number of new recombinant proteins created using such technology could become available for practical use in the near future. In this review, the methods applied to produce transgenic animals are described and the advantages and drawbacks related to their use for producing recombinant human proteins and monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
Chemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLIV. Nucleophilic alkylidene transfer reagents. Ethylides, isopropylides, and cyclopropylides derived from salts of sulfoximines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLIV. Nucleophilic alkylidene transfer reagents. Ethylides, isopropylides, and cyclopropylides derived from salts of sulfoximinesCarl R. Johnson and Eugene R. JanigaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 23, 7692–7700Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00804a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00804a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Forging a Path to Cell Death (1996)

In the body, cell suicide, through a process called apoptosis or programmed cell death, is needed for normal embryonic development and proper immune system function, among other things. But until recently, very little was known about how the command to commit suicide is transmitted from the cell surface, where it's received, to the cell interior, where the apoptosis program is carried out. Now, in a recent burst of activity, a handful of labs have uncovered a complex maze of internal signaling pathways triggered by the death signal receptors. Researchers hope that unraveling these pathways will not only help them better understand the many processes in which apoptosis plays a role, but will also lead to new therapies for diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, in which apoptosis may go awry.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of syndecans in tissue injury and inflammation. (2007)

The syndecan family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is expressed on the surface of all adherent cells. Syndecans interact with a wide variety of molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, proteinases, adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix components, through their heparan sulfate chains. Recent studies indicate that these interactions not only regulate key events in development and homeostasis, but also key mechanisms of the host inflammatory response. This review will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of how syndecans modulate tissue injury and inflammation, and how syndecans affect the outcome of inflammatory diseases in vivo.
PCR detection of the lactocin S structural gene in bacteriocin-producing lactobacilli from meat (1995)

The lactocin S structural gene (lasA) in seven bacteriocinogenic lactobacilli isolated from fermented sausages was studied. Two degenerate primers were synthesized to amplify a 75-bp fragment of the gene. Three strains amplified the fragment from their plasmid DNA, and hybridization analysis confirmed these results.
Expression and Purification of vMIP-II-TfN in Pichia pastoris (2011)

Objective: To construct the pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN yeast expression vector and to express vMIP-II-TfN fusion protein.Method: PCR was employed to amplify the N-terminal half-molecular of human transferrin gene.Molecular cloning methods including digestion,ligation and transformation were used to construct the pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN yeast expression vector.The linearized pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN was transformed into Pichia pastoris X33 strain by electroporation.The transformant was induced by methanol to express target protein and ammonium sulfate precipitation,dialysis,and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography were used to purify the target protein.SDS-PAGE and Western blot was used to detect the expression and purification of vMIP-II-TfN.The activity of vMIP-II-TfN was detected by chemotaxis inhibition activity assay.Results: A 1.1kb IgG3-TfN DNA fragment containing the Xba I site was amplified and it was inserted into Xba I sites of pPIC-vMIP-II.After PCR identification and sequencing,the recombinant plasmid pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN was obtained successfully and the open reading frame was correctly.The linearized pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN by Sac I was transformed into Pichia pastoris X33 strain.After inducing with methanol for 72 h,the transformant was confirmed to express a recombinant protein with molecular mass of 48 kDa by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.After characterization,the vMIP-II-TfN fusion protein was successfully purified from the supernatant of the broth using ammonium sulfate precipitation,dialysis and affinity chromatography.Furthermore,in vitro bioacitivity assay indicated that vMIP-II-TfN has chemotaxis inhibition activity.Conclusion: The pPIC-vMIP-II-TfN yeast expression vector was constructed successfully.The transformant can express the vMIP-II-TfN fusion protein which had chemotaxis inhibition activity.
Response Assessment in Paediatric Phase I Trials According to RECIST Guidelines: Survival Outcomes, Patterns of Progression and Relevance of Changes in Tumour Measurements (2016)

Response assessment according to RECIST correlated with OS in children/adolescents treated on phase I trials. The reduction in SLD at best response correlated with more prolonged responses. Tumour size did not constitute an optimal method to assess disease progression in one third of patients with measurable disease. Further refinement of current response assessment guidelines will enable the development of paediatric-specific radiological criteria.
Fgf-9 is required for angiogenesis and osteogenesis in long bone repair (2010)

Bone healing requires a complex interaction of growth factors that establishes an environment for efficient bone regeneration. Among these, FGFs have been considered important for intrinsic bone-healing capacity. In this study, we analyzed the role of Fgf-9 in long bone repair. One-millimeter unicortical defects were created in tibias of Fgf-9(+/-) and wild-type mice. Histomorphometry revealed that half-dose gene of Fgf-9 markedly reduced bone regeneration as compared with wild-type. Both immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis revealed markedly decreased levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin, Vega-a, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) in Fgf-9(+/-) defects. muCT angiography indicated dramatic impairment of neovascularization in Fgf-9(+/-) mice as compared with controls. Treatment with FGF-9 protein promoted angiogenesis and successfully rescued the healing capacity of Fgf-9(+/-) mice. Importantly, although other pro-osteogenic factors [Fgf-2, Fgf-18, and bone morphogenic protein 2 (Bmp-2)] still were present in Fgf-9(+/-) mice, they could not compensate for the haploinsufficiency of the Fgf-9 gene. Therefore, endogenous Fgf-9 seems to play an important role in long bone repair. Taken together our data suggest a unique role for Fgf-9 in bone healing, presumably by initiating angiogenesis through Vegf-a. Moreover, this study further supports the embryonic phenotype previously observed in the developing limb, thus promoting the concept that healing processes in adult organisms may recapitulate embryonic skeletal development.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE THEORY OF OSTEOGENESIS (1936)

Despite the numerous experimental data acquired especially since 1923, there are still defects in the knowledge of calcification in normal tissues, that is in calcified cartilage, teeth and bone. During this twelve year period, great advances in the subject have been made; much greater confidence is now held in the ideas of the state of calcium in the circulating blood and of the nature of the bone salts. Moreover, progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms by which transference is accomplished from the former, a liquid phase, to the solid phase found in calcified normal tissue. The importance of these mechanisms is obvious. It is elementary but axiomatic that improvements in knowledge of biologic mechanisms are reflected in improved clinical efficiency. The purpose of the present communication is to indicate briefly some of the recent advances in this field and to present several experiments which perhaps integrate the subject further.
Foveated gaze-contingent displays for peripheral LOD management, 3D visualization, and stereo imaging (2007)

Advancements in graphics hardware have allowed development of hardware-accelerated imaging displays. This article reviews techniques for real-time simulation of arbitrary visual fields over still images and video. The goal is to provide the vision sciences and perceptual graphics communities techniques for the investigation of fundamental processes of visual perception. Classic gaze-contingent displays used for these purposes are reviewed and for the first time a pixel shader is introduced for display of a high-resolution window over peripherally degraded stimulus. The pixel shader advances current state-of-the-art by allowing real-time processing of still or streamed images, obviating the need for preprocessing or storage.
Evaluation of the Evidence That Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNA) Cause Cancer in Humans (1991)

Considerable evidence exists that TSNA may cause cancer in humans. Strong evidence suggests that the NNN and NNK in snuff are at least partially responsible for the excess of oral cancer among snuff dippers. Tobacco smoke, because it is a combustion product, is a far more complex matrix than is smokeless tobacco. Nonetheless, NNK is well established as a lung carcinogen in laboratory animals at levels similar to those experienced by heavy smokers. Although the epidemiology of the smoking/lung cancer association has been studied extensively and is well established as a causal relationship, few attempts have been made to determine the effective constituents in tobacco smoke, much less to quantify them and to reduce their levels in consumer products. More work is needed to determine TSNA uptake in smokers and users of smokeless tobacco and to determine the factors involved in the possible endogenous formation of TSNA and in their metabolic activation or inhibition of their formation. Exploratory work is in progress with various biological markers that may prove useful in quantifying the levels of TSNA exposure in humans. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that in addition to tobacco use other factors are causally related to the development of cancers of the oral cavity, lung and esophagus and that these factors (e.g., radon exposure in uranium miners who smoke) can act synergistically. Experimental investigation of some of these synergistic effects may prove to be a step in the direction of determining the proportion of various cancers that are likely to be attributable to various causes and ultimately to the various constituents of tobacco exposure.
Diastereoselective Titanium Enolate Aldol Reaction for the Total Synthesis of Epothilones (2002)

[formula: see text] The development of a highly diastereoselective addition of the titanium enolate derived from ketone 1 to aldehyde 2 offers an efficient entry to the total synthesis of the epothilone family. The new aldol process is robust and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
Ribonuclease H. An Enzyme Degrading the RNA Moiety of DNA-RNA Hybrids (1970)

Extracts from calf thymus contain an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of DNA-RNA hybrids. An assay for this enzyme and several characteristics of the enzyme reaction are described. The specificity of the enzyme for DNA-RNA hybrids is indicated by several lines of evidence: The RNA of the hybrid is rendered resistant to the action of this enzyme upon heating. Nucleic acids other than DNA-RNA hybrids are not affected to a comparable degree. The enzyme rapidly degrades polyribouridylic acid if it is hybridized to polydeoxyriboadenylic acid, but not if it is hybridized to polyriboadenylic acid. Experiments with double labelled DNA-RNA hybrids show that specifically the RNA moiety of the hybrid and not the DNA is attacked by the enzyme.
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the cardiovascular system (2000)

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly those contained in fish oils, are candidates for inclusion in secondary prevention programmes for coronary heart disease, based on the results of recent randomized trials in humans. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids retard coronary atherosclerosis and appear to prevent fatal arrhythmias; and they decrease mortality subsequent to myocardial infarction.
Widespread pyocyanin over-production among isolates of a cystic fibrosis epidemic strain (2007)

The widespread occurrence of this unusual phenotype suggests that it may play an important role in the success of the epidemic strain.