gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurodegenerative diseases have genetic hallmarks of autoinflammatory disease (2018)

The notion that one common pathogenic pathway could account for the various clinically distinguishable, typically late-onset neurodegenerative diseases might appear unlikely given the plethora of diverse primary causes of neurodegeneration. On the contrary, an autoinflammatory pathogenic mechanism allows diverse genetic and environmental factors to converge into a common chain of causality. Inflammation has long been known to correlate with neurodegeneration. Until recently this relationship was seen as one of consequence rather than cause-with inflammatory cells and events acting to 'clean up the mess' after neurological injury. This explanation is demonstrably inadequate and it is now clear that inflammation is at the very least, rate-limiting for neurodegeneration (and more likely, a principal underlying cause in most if not all neurodegenerative diseases), protective in its initial acute phase, but pernicious in its latter chronic phase.
Synthesis and interactive properties of an oligonucleotide with anthraquinone at the sugar fragment (1990)

The synthesis of a self-complementary oligonucleotide possessing an anthraquinonylmethyl substituent at the designated sugar fragment, 5'-CCU(2'AQ)AGCTAGG (1), is described. The anthraquinonylmethyl group was introduced to 2'-hydroxyl moiety of uridine, which was then converted to the protected phosphorobisdiethylamidite derivative. This reagent was used for the solid-phase synthesis of the modified oligonucleotide 1. The UV and CD melting behaviors indicate that the modified oligonucleotide 1 can form a duplex in aqueous buffer solution similar to the unmodified strand 5'-CCTAGCTAGG (7). The observed melting temperatures for the duplexes 1 and 7 were 57.4 and 40.0 degrees C, respectively. The temperature-dependent change in the intensity of the induced CD at around 335 nm reflected directly to the melting behaviors of duplex 1, indicating that the anthraquinone groups intercalate into the base pairs in the duplex. The intercalation-induced stability of the duplex translates into a free energy cost of 5.2 kcal/mol. The present work provides a novel method for enhancing the affinity of oligonucleotides for their complementary sequences.
Smoking and balance: correlation of nicotine-induced nystagmus and postural body sway (2001)

Unaccustomed smoking may elicit transient nystagmus, dizziness, unsteadiness, and nausea. Infrared videonystagmography and posturography were performed simultaneously to study the differential effects of nicotine on the association of ocular motor and postural disturbances in 25 non- or occasional smokers. Sixteen showed nicotine-induced nystagmus (NIN) of various directions (mainly horizontal or upbeat) which was associated with a significant increase in postural sway after smoking a cigarette (total sway path (SP) before smoking 2.22 +/- 0.82 m/min (mean +/- s.d.), 1 min after smoking 3.83 +/- 1.41 m/min; p < 0.0004, ANOVA); nine showed neither effect. There was a high correlation between the intensity of the nystagmus (measured as peak slow phase velocity) and the increase in total SP (correlation coefficient 0.78) as well as the time courses of both. Visual fixation of an LED integrated in the mask not only caused a suppression of NIN but also a decrease in body sway. Transient ocular motor and postural effects are compatible with simultaneous nicotine-induced effects on the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal functions.
Phase-Based Dual-Microphone Robust Speech Enhancement (2004)

A dual-microphone speech-signal enhancement algorithm, utilizing phase-error based filters that depend only on the phase of the signals, is proposed. This algorithm involves obtaining time-varying, or alternatively, time-frequency (TF), phase-error filters based on prior knowledge regarding the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the speech source of interest and the phases of the signals recorded by the microphones. It is shown that by masking the TF representation of the speech signals, the noise components are distorted beyond recognition while the speech source of interest maintains its perceptual quality. This is supported by digit recognition experiments which show a substantial recognition accuracy rate improvement over prior multimicrophone speech enhancement algorithms. For example, for a case with two speakers with a 0.1 s reverberation time, the phase-error based technique results in a 28.9% recognition rate gain over the single channel noisy signal, a gain of 22.0% over superdirective beamforming, and a gain of 8.5% over postfiltering.
A novel amplified image sensor with a-Si:H photoconductor and MOS transistors (1990)

An image sensor and a 16*16 pixel test device consisting of a MOS transistor array overlaid with an a-Si:H photoconductive film are presented. The sensor operates by applying the potential induced on the surface of a a-Si:H film directly to the gates of the MOS transistors, and then reading out the modulated drain currents. Photosensitivity is 4-5.6 mu A/(nJ/cm/sup 2/) for incident light of lambda =0.6 mu m, dynamic range is over 85 dB, and gamma approximately=1. The sensor can be constructed in four configurations, depending on whether the carriers of image information in the a-Si:H film or MOS transistor channel are electrons or holes. The properties of signal and gain for the sensors of low and high pixel density, respectively, are analyzed, and it is pointed out that two distinct amplifying effects can exist in the sensor simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carrier-Envelope Phase Control of Femtosecond Mode-Locked Lasers and Direct Optical Frequency Synthesis (2000)

We stabilized the carrier-envelope phase of the pulses emitted by a femtosecond mode-locked laser by using the powerful tools of frequency-domain laser stabilization. We confirmed control of the pulse-to-pulse carrier-envelope phase using temporal cross correlation. This phase stabilization locks the absolute frequencies emitted by the laser, which we used to perform absolute optical frequency measurements that were directly referenced to a stable microwave clock.
Two-Kidney, One Clip and One-Kidney, One Clip Hypertension in Mice (1997)

The mouse remains the animal of choice in transgenic experiments, creating a need for methods of evaluating the physiology of genetically modified animals. We have established and characterized two murine models of renovascular hypertension known as the two-kidney, one clip and one-kidney, one clip models. The appropriate size of the clip lumen needed to induce high blood pressure was determined to be 0.12 mm. Clips with a lumen of 0.11 mm induced a high percentage of renal infarction, and clips with a 0.13-mm opening did not produce hypertension. Four weeks after clipping, two-kidney, one clip hypertensive mice exhibited blood pressure approximately 20 mm Hg higher than their sham-operated controls. After a similar period, this increase reached almost 35 mm Hg in the one-kidney, one clip model. Depending on the model, mice develop either renin-dependent or renin-independent hypertension. Both models are characterized by the development of cardiovascular hypertrophy.
ALLOTYPY OF RABBIT SERUM PROTEINS (1960)

The injection into one rabbit (with Freund's adjuvants) of a specific precipitate made with antibodies from the serum of another rabbit is usually followed by the appearance in the serum of the first rabbit of antibodies which precipitate the serum of certain rabbits but not of others. It was found that the antigen (or one of the antigens) concerned in the reaction of these anti rabbit serum antibodies with rabbit sera had an antibody function, and was therefore a protein. It was concluded that at least one serum protein antigen, the specificity of which so far has been considered to be uniform throughout the animal species, can instead be present in different individuals as different forms or allotypes with somewhat different antigenic specificities. A large number of rabbit sera were allowed to react with a large number of rabbit immune sera. The gel method of immunochemical analysis made it possible to enumerate the allotypes that took part in each reaction. In addition, the technique mainly used (simple diffusion in separate tubes) made it possible to recognize the presence of one given allotype by the mere aspect of the precipitation zone in the reaction of one suitable immune serum with any serum in which the concerned allotype occurred. Neighboring reactions of sera, in contact with each other and with the suitable immune serum, in suitable cells easily constructed in the laboratory, were carried out occasionally and, each time, their results agreed with the previous identification. The analysis of the reactions in tubes lead to a list of seven allotypes designated by a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, of which two or more (e not included) were contained in almost every serum. The specific conditions necessary for antibody formation against an allotype are its absence from the serum of the immunized animal and, except in the case of cross-reactivity, its presence in the immunizing material. When these necessary conditions are fulfilled for several allotypes at the same time, their competition in the immunization seems to favor the allotype present at the highest concentration. The individuality of six of the listed allotypes has been discussed independently of the part of their specificity that may be common to all the allotypes of one given protein antigen in all the individuals of the same animal species. A cross-reaction of the anti f rabbit antibodies with allotype g has been observed. When two allotypic specificities were detected in one serum, attempts were made to find whether they were carried by two allotypes, i.e. by two distinct kinds of molecules, instead of being the manifestation of two "allotypic patterns" present on the same molecules. The presence of several allotypes in the immune sera made it often impossible to find definitive answers in this regard. However, for a limited number of cases of two allotypic specificities present in one serum, it could be demonstrated that at least a large proportion (if not the totality) of the two allotypes were independent of each other. No sign of a systematic coexistence of two allotypic patterns on the same molecules has been observed to date.
Behavior of oxygen vacancies in BiFeO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3(100) and DyScO3(100) heterostructures (2009)

(001)-oriented BiFeO3 and SrRuO3 films were deposited on SrTiO3 and DyScO3 substrates to study oxygen-vacancy density as a function of cooling oxygen pressure. During cooling of as-grown samples at ≤0.01 Torr oxygen pressure, SrRuO3 films decompose, BiFeO3 films can accommodate a significant fraction of oxygen vacancies, SrTiO3 substrates acts as a sink for vacancies, and DyScO3 substrates remaining largely unaffected by oxygen vacancies. These phenomena can be explained according to the electronegativity of the different B-site atoms, because changes in B-site ion valence play a key role in maintaining charge equilibrium during oxygen vacancy production in many ABO3-type oxides.
Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in the rat uterus: rapid stimulation by estrogen correlates with estrogen-induced increases in uterine capillary permeability and growth. (1993)

In the uterus, estrogen causes a rapid increase in microvascular permeability, followed later by growth of the endometrium, including the richly vascular stroma. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF or VEG/PF) is an angiogenic protein that is not only a specific mitogen for endothelial cells, but also a potent stimulator of microvascular permeability. Because of these properties, it seems likely that VEG/PF might mediate estrogen-induced increases in uterine vascular permeability and blood vessel growth. Therefore, we determined whether the gene for VEG/PF is expressed in the rat uterus and if mRNA abundance is regulated by steroid hormones, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The VEG/PF gene is alternatively spliced and gives rise to three transcripts coding for proteins of 188, 164, and 120 amino acids, which, in turn, form the active dimeric factors. Transcripts for VEG/PF mRNAs were detected in the uterus of the rat by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mRNAs for the VEG/PF164 and VEG/PF120 subunits were the dominant forms expressed. Treatment with both estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) rapidly induced an increase in the level of the two smaller transcripts. The increase was detectable as early as 0.5-1 h and peaked at 2 h. Levels of the two smaller transcripts then declined, but remained above control levels for 24 h. The degree of stimulation of VEG/PF mRNA levels was 8-fold at 2 h. VEG/PF188 mRNA levels were higher by 6 h compared to control values. The increase in VEG/PF mRNA levels in response to E2 was not contingent upon de novo protein synthesis, as it was not blocked by cycloheximide. The increase occurred as rapidly as that of the mRNA for Zif268, an estrogen-induced transcription factor. Progesterone also stimulated the expression (at 6 h) of VEG/PF164 and VEG/PF120, but not that of VEG/PF188. We conclude that the VEG/PF gene is expressed in the rat uterus, and that mRNA levels are rapidly enhanced by estrogen. This response suggests that VEG/PF may be involved in the estrogen-induced increase in permeability and proliferation of uterine blood vessels. The identification of VEG/PF as a primary response gene also suggests that VEG/PF expression may be a prerequisite for the subsequent expression or action of other growth factors in the uterus.
Coenzyme models. Part 45. Synthesis of atropisomeric flavins and their novel redox-induced racemisation (1988)

Seven (5-carba)isoalloxazines with restricted rotation about the C(1′)–N(10) single bond were synthesized for the first time. They were optically resolved by a liquid chromatographic method. Six of these atropisomers (92.1–100% enantiomeric excess)(e.e.) did not racemise thermally (at 70 °C) or by visible light irradiation (at 30 °C). On the other hand, the (5-carba)isoalloxazines with a 2′-substituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group at N (10) racemised invariably when they were reduced to 1,5-dihydro forms [by four different reducing agents including photoreduction with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)]. The kinetic studies confirm that the racemisation process consists of slow, ratedetermining reduction of chiral (5-carba)isoalloxazines followed by rapid rotation of the C(1′)–N(10) single bond. The easy rotation in the reduced state is due to conversion of the ‘planar’ oxidised forms into the ‘bent’ reduced forms. These (5-carba)isoalloxazines are novel examples for atropisomers with a C–N axis, the rotation of which is induced only by the redox reaction.
Nitrilase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1. Sequencing and overexpression of the gene and identification of an essential cysteine residue. (1992)

The amino acid sequences of the NH2 terminus and internal peptide fragments of a Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 nitrilase were determined to prepare synthetic oligonucleotides as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. A 750-base DNA fragment thus amplified was used as the probe to clone a 5.4-kilobase PstI fragment coding for the whole nitrilase. The nitrilase gene modified in the sequence upstream from the presumed ATG start codon was expressed to approximately 50% of the total soluble protein in Escherichia coli. The predicted amino acid sequence of the nitrilase gene showed similarity to that of the bromoxynil nitrilase from Klebsiella ozaenae. The 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) modification of the nitrilase from R. rhodochrous J1 resulted in inactivation with the loss of one sulfhydryl group/enzyme subunit. Of 4 cysteine residues in the Rhodococcus nitrilase, only Cys-165 is conserved in the Klebsiella nitrilase. Mutant enzymes containing Ala or Ser instead of Cys-165 did not exhibit nitrilase activity. These findings suggest that Cys-165 plays an essential role in the function of the active site.
L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. (1977)

L-Asparaginase was added to vincristine and prednisone for induction of first remission in 815 children with acute lymphocytic or acute undifferentiated leukemia. This combination resulted in an overall remission rate of 93%. The addition of L-asparaginse to the standard induction regimen using prednisone and vincristine did not significantly increase the morbidity or mortality rate during the induction period. The most common side effect was transient L-asparaginase-induced hyperglycemia. The safe administration of L-asparaginase i.m. and the dose efficacy of 6000 I.U./sq m were confirmed. For these reasons, L-asparaginase should be combined with vincristine and prednisone for the initial induction of children with acute lymphocytic or acute undifferentiated leukemia.
Target antigens in malaria transmission blockling immunity (1984)

Malaria transmission blocking immunity has been found to operate against two distinct phases of development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut: (i) against the extracellular gametes and newly fertilized zygotes shortly after ingestion by a mosquito of parasitized blood and (ii) against the zygotes during their subsequent development into ookinetes. Immunity is antibody-mediated and stage-specific. A set of three proteins, synthesized in the gametocytes, expressed on the surface of the gametes and newly fertilized zygotes and subsequently shed during later transformation of the zygotes, has been identified as the target antigens of anti-gamete fertilization blocking antibodies. A single protein, synthesized and expressed on the zygote surface during its development to ookinetes, has been identified as the target of antibodies which block the development of the fertilized parasites in the mosquito. Immunization of human populations against gamete or zygote antigens, while not directly protecting an immunized individual from inflection, would reduce the transfer of malaria within the population. Such immunity, in addition to reducing the overall rate of malaria transmission, would, if combined with a vaccine against the asexual (disease-causing) stages, reduce the chance of selection of parasites that are resistant to the asexual vaccine by preventing their entry into the mosquito population.
Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Mouse and Man (1983)

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex code for cell-surface molecules that play an important role in the generation of the immune response. These genes and molecules have been studied intensively over the last five decades by geneticists, biochemists, and immunologists, but only recently has the isolation of the genes by molecular biologists facilitated their precise characterization. Many surprising findings have been made concerning their structure, multiplicity, organization, function, and evolution.
Resonant characteristics of parallel plate waveguide cavities with irises (2003)

This paper shows the analysis of electromagnetic scattering by parallel plate waveguide cavities. The internal region is separated into two areas by additional plates, which arises internal coupling problems. The applied numerical technique here is the point matching method considering the edge condition. As a numerical example, the radar cross section is presented for the E-polarized case and the H-polarized case. The authors clarify the internal contribution in terms of the cavity resonances.
Aggregation phenomena in xanthene dyes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAggregation phenomena in xanthene dyesOscar Valdes-Aguilera and D. C. NeckersCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 5, 171–177Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00161a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00161a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3141Altmetric-Citations417LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical absorption and luminescence in diamond (1979)

The optical properties of diamond are important in theoretical solid-state physics, geology, electronics and diamond synthesis. This review outlines some relevant aspects of theoretical physics-molecular orbital and other calculations of the properties of point defects, symmetry and group theory, zero-phonon lines and the configuration coordinate diagram. The experimentally observed spectra can conveniently be divided into infrared ( &amp;lt; 1 eV), which are observed in absorption and are mainly vibrational, and ‘visible’ (1-5.5 eV), which are vibronic and are observed in both absorption and luminescence. ‘Visible ’ spectra include those present naturally, those induced by irradiation, and those induced by irradiation plus annealing. This review covers all the important point defects observed optically in diamond, and includes some results which are not generally available. The relevance of the experimental results to the current controversy about how to calculate the properties of point defects is brought out.
Universal coding, information, prediction, and estimation (1984)

A connection between universal codes and the problems of prediction and statistical estimation is established. A known lower bound for the mean length of universal codes is sharpened and generalized, and optimum universal codes constructed. The bound is defined to give the information in strings relative to the considered class of processes. The earlier derived minimum description length criterion for estimation of parameters, including their number, is given a fundamental information, theoretic justification by showing that its estimators achieve the information in the strings. It is also shown that one cannot do prediction in Gaussian autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes below a bound, which is determined by the information in the data.
Estimating the size of the human interactome (2008)

After the completion of the human and other genome projects it emerged that the number of genes in organisms as diverse as fruit flies, nematodes, and humans does not reflect our perception of their relative complexity. Here, we provide reliable evidence that the size of protein interaction networks in different organisms appears to correlate much better with their apparent biological complexity. We develop a stable and powerful, yet simple, statistical procedure to estimate the size of the whole network from subnet data. This approach is then applied to a range of eukaryotic organisms for which extensive protein interaction data have been collected and we estimate the number of interactions in humans to be approximately 650,000. We find that the human interaction network is one order of magnitude bigger than the Drosophila melanogaster interactome and approximately 3 times bigger than in Caenorhabditis elegans.