gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk Analysis Techniques for Safety Evaluation of Highway Work Zones (2000)

Construction sites or work zones create serious disruptions in the normal flow of traffic, resulting in major inconveniences for the traveling public. Furthermore, these work zones create safety hazards that require special consideration. Current legislation and programs, at both state and national levels, emphasize the need for a better understanding of work zone problems to address work zone safety. This reality—coupled with the temporary closure of more miles of highway every year for rehabilitation and maintenance—makes the analysis of safety at construction sites a serious matter. A summary of a comprehensive study associated with the development of a new practical approach to address highway safety in construction zones is presented. Because empirical models require sample sizes that are not attainable due to the intrinsic scarcity of construction zone accident data, the problem was studied from the point of view of risk analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were used to develop risk factors. These factors are meant to be included in the calculations of additional user costs for work zones, or simply applied as risk measurements, to optimize the length and duration of closures for highway reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. In this way, it will be possible to assess the danger of work zones to the traveling public and minimize adverse effect of work zones on highway safety.
Handbook of Electrical Heating for Industry (1994)

Gain an invaluable edge on how to specify, install and operate electrical heating systems for a broad range of industrial applications with the tips and suggestions provided in this book. Key features you'll put to immediate use include: Samples of specifications for many types of heating systems, previously unpublished empirical formulas for designing induction heating systems, thorough coverage of electrical pipe heating, and factory and field check-out instructions.
Generating efficient virtual worlds for visualization using partial evaluation and dynamic compilation (1997)

We argue that runtime program transformation, partial evaluation, and dynamic compilation are essential tools for automated generation of flexible, highly interactive graphical interfaces. In particular, these techniques help bridge the gap between a high-level, functional description and an efficient implementation. To support our claim, we describe our application of these techniques to a functional implementation of n -Vision, a real-time visualization system that represents multivariate relations as nested 3D interactors, and to Auto Visual , a rule-based system that designs n -Vision visualizations from high-level task specifications. n -Vision visualizations are specified using a simple functional language. These programs are transformed into a cached dataflow graph. A partial evaluator is used on particular computation-intensive function applications, and the results are compiled to native code. The functional representation simplifies generation of correct code, and the program transformations ensure good performance. We demonstrate why these transformations improve performance and why they cannot be done at compile time.
Influence of indirect ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al–Si–Cu alloy (2012)

The influence of high intensity ultrasound (US) propagating through a steel mold on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast AlSi9Cu3(Fe), was studied for different levels of electric power and at different distances to the waveguide/mold interface. The effect of those parameters on the morphology of α-Al and eutectic Si and on the volume of porosity were investigated and characterized. The morphological characterization revealed that the high intensity vibration not only promoted the formation of small α-Al globular grains but also modify the eutectic silicon, as well as decreased the volume of porosity. Besides microstructure modification, US treatment improved the alloy mechanical properties, namely UTS and strain, which maximum values were 339 MPa and 2.9% respectively by comparison to the values obtained for castings produced without US vibration. A mechanism of eutectic Si modification based on theoretical–experimental analysis is proposed.
Potent Tumor-Specific Protection Ignited by Adoptively Transferred CD4+ T Cells (2008)

Administration of anti-CD25 mAb before an aggressive murine breast tumor inoculation provoked effective antitumor immunity. Compared with CD4(+) T cells purified from anti-CD25 mAb-pretreated mice that did not reject tumor, CD4(+) T cells purified from anti-CD25 mAb-pretreated mice that rejected tumor stimulated by dendritic cells (DCs) produced more IFN-gamma and IL-2, and less IL-17 in vitro, and ignited protective antitumor immunity in vivo in an adoptive transfer model. Tumor Ag-loaded DCs activated naive CD8(+) T cells in the presence of these CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Tumor Ag and adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells were both required for inducing a long-term tumor-specific IFN-gamma-producing cellular response and potent protective antitumor activity. Although adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells ignited effective tumor-specific antitumor immunity in wild-type mice, they failed to do so in endogenous NK cell-depleted, Gr-1(+) cell-depleted, CD40(-/-), CD11c(+) DC-depleted, B cell(-/-), CD8(+) T cell-depleted, or IFN-gamma(-/-) mice. Collectively, the data suggest that adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells orchestrate both endogenous innate and adaptive immunity to generate effective tumor-specific long-term protective antitumor immunity. The data also demonstrate the pivotal role of endogenous DCs in the tumor-specific protection ignited by adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells, as well as host immune components, in generating effective tumor-specific long-term antitumor activity.
The effect of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, on overloaded rat skeletal muscle (1987)

The dietary administration of clenbuterol to young male rats has been shown to produce a muscle specific hypertrophic growth response. This paper demonstrates that the combined effect of drug treatment and hypertrophic stimulus induced by tenotomy produced an additive effect on muscle growth. This effect was demonstrated in terms of both muscle composition (protein and RNA) and fibre size.
Experimentally Determined Redox Potentials of Individual (n,m) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Nanotubes reveal their potential: The fabrication of a thin film that retains isolated single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) allows the experimental determination of the redox potentials of many individual SWNTs that have different chirality indexes (n,m). The method is simple and applicable to all individual SWNTs whose near-IR photoluminescence (PL) is detectable (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Direct selection of mutations reducing transcription or translation of the recA gene of Escherichia coli with a recA-lacZ protein fusion (1985)

When a recA-lacZ protein fusion was cloned into phage lambda, the resulting transducing phage grew normally on wild-type Escherichia coli, but its growth was severely inhibited in lexA(Def) mutant strains that express recA constitutively at high levels. Mutants of the transducing phage that grew on the lexA(Def) strains were isolated and were found to affect production of the RecA-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein. Most mutants, including a number of nonsense mutants, were phenotypically LacZ-. LacZ+ mutants were also isolated; most of these expressed lower basal and induced levels of beta-galactosidase activity. DNA sequence analysis revealed that some of the LacZ+ mutations were in the recA promoter. One of these was found to prevent induction. Unexpectedly, three of the mutations that reduced expression were located in the recA structural gene, at codons 10, 11, and 12. Further analysis of the codon 10 mutant showed that it most likely affected translation since it had little effect on transcription as measured by beta-galactosidase synthesis from a recA-lacZ operon fusion. This expression defect was not limited to the protein fusion, since the codon 10 mutation also reduced synthesis of RecA protein when present in a complete recA gene. Analysis of the recA DNA sequence in the fusion revealed that each of the mutations at codons 10, 11, and 12 increases the homology between this region of the mRNA and a sequence found at codons 1 to 4. Thus, the secondary structure of the mutant recA mRNAs may be affecting translation.
MULTIPOTENTIALITY OF SINGLE EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELLS. (1964)

Summary In order to test the hypothesis that embryonal carcinoma cells are multipotential stem cells of a teratocarcinoma, an in vivo cloning technic was designed. Small embryoid bodies containing mostly embryonal carcinoma were obtained from ascitic conversion of a murine teratocarcinoma and were dissociated with trypsin to form a suspension of single cells; the single cells were picked up in small capillary tubes and transplanted directly into mice. From over 1700 single cell grafts, 44 clonal lines were obtained; 43 of these lines were teratocarcinomas composed of as many as fourteen well differentiated somatic tissues in addition to embryonal carcinoma. These 43 lines varied in their degree of differentiation, capacity to produce embryoid bodies, and in growth rate. The remaining clonal line showed limited potential for differentiation, producing only yolk sac, trophoblast, and embryonal carcinoma. The results demonstrated the multipotentiality of single embryonal carcinoma cells, as well as the heterogeneity of the embryonal carcinoma of a teratocarcinoma. The capacity of single embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into benign tissues supports neither the dogma of the irreversibility of the malignant transformation nor the somatic cell mutation theory of cancer. These findings were interpreted as giving strong support to the stem cell theory of cancer.
A specific protein carboxyl methylesterase that demethylates phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A in bovine brain. (1996)

Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the four major protein serine/threonine phosphatases found in all eukaryotic cells. We have shown that the 36-kDa catalytic subunit of PP2A is carboxyl methylated in eukaryotic cells, and we have previously identified and purified a novel methyltransferase (MTase) that is responsible for this modification. Here, we describe a novel protein carboxyl methyl-esterase (MEase) from bovine brain that demethylates PP2A. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity as a monomeric 46-kDa soluble protein. The MEase is highly specific for PP2A. It does not catalyze the demethylation of other protein or peptide methylesters. Moreover, MEase activity is dramatically inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of okadaic acid, a specific inhibitor of PP2A. From these results, we conclude that PP2A methylation is controlled by two specific enzymes, a MTase and a MEase. Since PP2A methylation is highly conserved in eukaryotes ranging from human to yeast, it is likely that this system plays an important role in phosphatase regulation.
Physical Security for the μABYSS System (1987)

Open systems, now common in many small computers, have given the user logical access to all parts of his or her system. At the same time, the computing environment is moving out of the computing center and into the office and home, giving users physical access to their systems. This movement of the computing environment necessitates a mechanism to prevent the user from physically accessing certain parts of his or her system if logical security (of the type which limits the user's ability to make copies, change code, etc.) is to be reliable. This paper describes the development of a physical security system for protecting electronic circuits from unauthorized access. This system can be used to ensure that logical security mechanisms will remain uncompromised. The requirements, design criteria, and implementation of the system are discussed with an orientation towards practicality and manufacturing.
Analogue-digital ASICs: circuit techniques, design tools and applications (1991)

A wide-ranging book on the subject of mixed analogue digital ASICs, this title covers processing technology, circuit techniques and building blocks, design and applications, and CAD and supporting tools.
Diagnostics in Gestalt Therapy (2000)

Abstract Traditional diagnostics, we think, have to be amplified in the Gestalt therapeutic context by a concept that takes into account continuous recursive processes in a dialogue between therapist and client (system). Referring to the basic assumptions of Gestalt therapy as formulated by its founders (even if with some contradictions and incompatibilities) and the basic existential paradox of autonomy and interdependence of human beings, we characterize the diagnostic process, formulate basic principles for the clinical diagnostic process, and outline a structure of diagnostic dimensions, phenomena of the client, and examples of possible interventions.
Prostaglandin E2 promotes proliferation of skeletal muscle myoblasts via EP4 receptor activation (2015)

We recently demonstrated that conditioned media (CM) from osteocytes enhances myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, suggesting that signaling from bone may be important for skeletal muscle myogenesis. The effect of CM was closely mimicked by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid mediator in various physiological or pathological conditions. PGE2 is secreted at high levels by osteocytes and such secretion is further enhanced under loading conditions. Although four types of receptors, EP1 to EP4, mediate PGE2 signaling, it is unknown whether these receptors play a role in myogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the expression of EPs in mouse primary myoblasts was characterized, followed by examination of their roles in myoblast proliferation by treating myoblasts with PGE2 or specific agonists. All four PGE2 receptor mRNAs were detectable by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), but only PGE2 and EP4 agonist CAY 10598 significantly enhance myoblast proliferation. EP1/EP3 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (17-PT PGE2) and EP2 agonist butaprost did not have any significant effects. Moreover, treatment with EP4 antagonist L161,982 dose-dependently inhibited myoblast proliferation. These results were confirmed by cell cycle analysis and the gene expression of cell cycle regulators. Concomitant with the inhibition of myoblast proliferation, treatment with L161,982 significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Cotreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or sodium ascorbate (SA) successfully reversed the inhibition of myoblast proliferation and ROS overproduction caused by L161,982. Therefore, PGE2 signaling via the EP4 receptor regulates myogenesis by promoting myoblast proliferation and blocking this receptor results in increased ROS production in myoblasts.
Myeloid differentiation treatment to diminish the presence of immune-suppressive CD34+ cells within human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (1997)

Within human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) that produce granulocyte-macrophage CSF are CD34+ cells that exhibit natural suppressive (NS) activity. The present study aimed to identify how these NS cells mediate suppression and how to diminish their presence. CD34+ cells that were immunomagnetically isolated from fresh surgical HNSCC specimens produced a soluble product that blocked normal T cell stimulation through the TCR/CD3 complex. This inhibitory activity could be neutralized with Abs to TGF-beta1. Since prior studies showed that the CD34+ NS cells within HNSCC cancers are myelomonocytic progenitor cells, the feasibility of using cytokines that can induce myeloid cell differentiation to diminish the presence of CD34+ NS cells was tested. Adding low doses of 100 U/ml IFN-gamma plus 10 U/ml TNF-alpha to bulk cultures of dissociated HNSCC cancers diminished the frequency of CD34+ cells. Studies with CD34+ cells that were isolated from the HNSCC cancers showed that this cytokine treatment induced differentiation of the CD34+ cells predominantly into monocytic cells. The consequence of treating CD34+ NS cells with the myeloid differentiation treatment was the loss of suppressive activity, a decline in TGF-beta production, and the production of TNF-alpha by the resulting monocytic cells. In HNSCC bulk cultures containing high levels of CD34+ NS activity, IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha not only reduced CD34+ cell levels, but also increased the capacity of the intratumoral T cells to express the p55 IL-2R. These studies show that IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha can induce differentiation of TGF-beta-secreting CD34+ NS cells into nonsuppressive monocytic cells that secrete TNF-alpha.
Recycling the Platinum Group Metals: A European Perspective (2012)

The high technical recyclability of platinum group metals means that over 95% recovery can be achieved once pgm-containing scrap reaches a state-of-the-art refining facility. Technical challenges exist, but the main barriers to recycling pgms lie in ensuring the collection of scrap and in the capacity and technical capabilities of recycling chains around the world. Economic and legislative drivers are also significant. The “seven conditions” for effective recycling and their impact within Europe are discussed in this article; industrial applications are found to lead the way in terms of recycling rates while automotive and particularly electronic areas are currently some way behind. New business models are recommended, to enable precious metal-containing waste to be seen as a valuable resource and ensure the sustainability and security of pgms supply for the future.
Electroporation of Adherent Cells In Situ for the Introduction of Nonpermeant Molecules (2003)

Electroporation has been used for the introduction of DNA (1–4), proteins (5–7), and various nonpermeant drugs and metabolites into cultured mammalian cells (8,9), as described in this and other volumes (10,11). Most electroporation techniques for adherent cells involve the delivery of the electrical pulse while the cells are in suspension (5,12). However, the detachment of these cells from their substratum by trypsin or EDTA can cause metabolic alterations that may lead to cell death or increase the cells’ sensitivity to additional damaging agents (13). The efficient incorporation of proteins without cell damage is an especially crucial requirement, since for most proteins of interest and contrary to DNA, no convenient large-scale method exists for the selection of viable from damaged cells or cells where no protein introduction took place after electroporation. Therefore, for studies using adherent cells, it is imperative to deliver the pulse while the cells are attached to their solid substratum. This has been achieved using a variety of methods (14,15). In this chapter, we describe a technique where cells are grown and electroporated on a glass surface coated with electrically conductive, optically transparent indium-tin oxide. This coating allows the direct visualization of the electroporated cells and offers the possibility of ready examination owing to their extended morphology. Moreover, it is very durable, inert, nontoxic to the cells, and promotes excellent cell adhesion and growth. An added advantage is the fact that, unlike many plastics, indium-tin oxide does not exhibit any spontaneous fluorescence, making the examination of the electroporated cells under a fluorescent microscope possible.
Depletion of AADC activity in caudate nucleus and putamen of Parkinson’s disease patients; implications for ongoing AAV2-AADC gene therapy trial (2017)

In Parkinson's disease (PD), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of L-DOPA (Sinemet) to dopamine (DA). Previous studies in PD animal models demonstrated that lesion of dopaminergic neurons is associated with profound loss of AADC activity in the striatum, blocking efficient conversion of L-DOPA to DA. Relatively few studies have directly analyzed AADC in PD brains. Thus, the aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of regional changes in AADC activity, DA, serotonin and their monoamine metabolites in the striatum of PD patients and experimentally lesioned animals (rat and MPTP-treated nonhuman primate, NHP). Striatal AADC activity was determined post mortem in neuropathologically confirmed PD subjects, animal models and controls. A regional analysis was performed for striatal AADC activity and monoamine levels in NHP tissue. Interestingly, analysis of putaminal AADC activity revealed that control human striatum contained much less AADC activity than rat and NHP striata. Moreover, a dramatic loss of AADC activity in PD striatum compared to controls was detected. In MPTP-treated NHP, caudate nucleus was almost as greatly affected as putamen, although mean DA turnover was higher in caudate nucleus. Similarly, DA and DA metabolites were dramatically reduced in different regions of PD brains, including caudate nucleus, whereas serotonin was relatively spared. After L-DOPA administration in MPTP-treated NHP, very poor conversion to DA was detected, suggesting that AADC in NHP nigrostriatal fibers is mainly responsible for L-DOPA to DA conversion. These data support further the rationale behind viral gene therapy with AAV2-hAADC to restore AADC levels in putamen and suggest further the advisability of expanding vector delivery to include coverage of anterior putamen and the caudate nucleus.
Probability based playlist generation based on music similarity and user customization (2012)

Playlist generation may be defined as the generation of a list of music items or songs based on a preexisting set of songs. A common approach would be to suggest a number of songs based on the currently playing song. An exhaustive algorithm, based on similarity calculation between two songs, would involve computation of similarity of musical attributes of all of the songs with respect of the reference song. This paper introduces a methodology focused towards decreasing the computational complexity of such an algorithm. The suggested algorithm uses a probability based model inspired by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to select only a small number of candidate songs for the playlist, instead of the entire database. The calculation of similarity and probability values is modified based on user feedback.
An analysis of three gigabit networking protocols for storage area networks (2002)

SCSI protocol is the protocol of choice for block storage management. Different transport mechanisms such as parallel SCSI, Fibre Channel, iSCSI and Infiniband can be used to transfer SCSI protocol data. Distance and connectivity limitations are the key drawbacks of parallel SCSI. Therefore, Fibre Channel, Infiniband and iSCSI (SCSI over TCP) are competing to emerge as the dominant next generation SCSI transport mechanism. By analyzing the different components of a network protocol, this paper evaluates whether Fibre Channel, Infiniband and iSCSI are (a) suitable for gigabit wire speeds (b) scalable across thousands of interconnected devices and (c) satisfy the needs of storage environments and storage protocols.