gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of three candidate technologies for high-lift devices on an aircraft wing (2005)

A research programme was initiated to examine three candidate high-lift technologies,&#13;\nwhich would, if implemented, simplify the mechanical complexity of the multiple&#13;\ncomponent trailing-edge devices traditionally employed on civil transport aircraft.&#13;\nExperimental studies were undertaken with the aim of examining each technology in&#13;\nterms of its potential to favourably influence boundary layer development and improve the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-lift configuration.&#13;\nPreliminary studies of triangular serrated geometries, at the trailing edge of a modified&#13;\nflat plate, highlighted that the ability of the serrations to favourably influence the flow&#13;\nfield development over an aft positioned single slotted flap was critically dependent&#13;\nupon the flap lap/gap and deflection angle. Under the test conditions, the serrations&#13;\nwere most effective at low flap deflection angles, particularly serrations with a length&#13;\ncorresponding to 13% flap chord. Extending these studies to a representative high-lift&#13;\nconfiguration significantly limited the range of flap laps/gaps and deflection angles over&#13;\nwhich the serrations were favourable. Furthermore, oil flow visualisation provided&#13;\nevidence of wake structures emanating from serration vertices, corroborating earlier&#13;\nhypotheses and suggesting the flow mechanism by which serrations favourably&#13;\ninfluenced boundary layer development over the upper surface of the downstream flap.&#13;\nExperiments indicated that when optimised, blowing tangentially from a slot at the&#13;\ntrailing edge of the main element over the upper surface of a flap within a three-element&#13;\nhigh-lift configuration, provided a highly effective means of preventing boundary layer&#13;\nseparation and increasing lift. This was corroborated by oil flow visualisation and&#13;\ncomputational simulations. Maintaining the same momentum coefficient and blowing&#13;\nthrough discrete orifices at the trailing edge of the main element, proved highly&#13;\nfavourable, heightening the increment in lift in comparison to the corresponding&#13;\ntangential slot blowing configuration. Hence, the mass flow rate could be reduced in comparison to the tangential slot blowing configuration, without compromising the&#13;\naerodynamic performance.
Engineering of Affibody Molecules for Therapy and Diagnostics (2012)

Affibody molecules are small and robust non-immunoglobulin affinity ligands capable of binding to a wide range of protein targets. They are selected from combinatorial libraries based on a 58 amino acid, three-alpha-helical Z-domain scaffold. They share no sequence or structural homologies to antibodies and in contrast to antibodies they can be functionally produced both by peptide synthesis and by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Protein engineering is used to adapt Affibody molecules binding to a target of interest to the specific demands imposed by the intended application. Obviously, the optimal molecule for molecular imaging will be different from the optimal molecule for therapy. Here, we describe general strategies to optimize Affibody molecules for diagnostic imaging and therapy applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Some Derivatives of 2H‐4,6‐Dimethylpyrido‐(3,2‐d)isothiazolin‐3‐one‐1,1‐dioxide. (1987)

Abstract The isothiazole (I) is oxidized to produce mixtures of the sulfone (II) and the carbonamidosulfonic acid (III).
Effects of antioxidants on the quality and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells (2014)

Effects of antioxidants on the quality and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were investigated with two human iPS cell lines (201B7 and 253G1). Cells used in this study were expanded from a single colony of each cell line with the addition of proprietary antioxidant supplement or homemade antioxidant cocktail in medium, and maintained in parallel for 2 months. The cells grew well in all culture conditions and kept "stemness". Although antioxidants modestly decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, there were no differences in the expression of 53BP1 and pATM, two critical molecules related with DNA damage and repair, under various culture conditions. CGH analysis showed that the events of genetic aberrations were decreased only in the 253G1 iPS cells with the addition of homemade antioxidant cocktail. Long-term culture will be necessary to confirm whether low dose antioxidants improve the quality and genomic stability of iPS cells.
Attitudes towards sex offenders and the influence of offence type: a comparison of staff working in a forensic setting and students (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate attitudes towards individuals who commit different types of sex offence, with subsidiary aims of exploring the influence of respondent sex and the influence of personal experience of sexual abuse. The sample comprised 139 participants (49 students and 90 forensic staff). All were provided with a vignette depicting a specific type of sex offence, and asked to complete a scale assessing attitudes towards sex offenders (Hogue, 1993). Forensic staff were more likely than students to view sex offenders in positive terms, viewing them as individuals who could be rehabilitated. Participants who reported being victims of sexual abuse, or that someone close to them had been abused, viewed sex offenders less negatively than non‐victims. Men demonstrated less positive attitudes towards child incest and child indecent assault offenders than to stranger rapists. Women held more positive views towards sex offenders than men, and this was consistent across offence type.
Expression and Characterization of a Single-Chain Polypeptide Analogue of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120-CD4 Receptor Complex (2000)

The infection of CD4(+) host cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is initiated by a temporal progression of interactions between specific cell surface receptors and the viral envelope protein, gp120. These interactions produce a number of intermediate structures with distinct conformational, functional, and antigenic features that may provide important targets for therapeutic and vaccination strategies against HIV infection. One such intermediate, the gp120-CD4 complex, arises from the interaction of gp120 with the CD4 receptor and enables interactions with specific coreceptors needed for viral entry. gp120-CD4 complexes are thus promising targets for anti-HIV vaccines and therapies. The development of such strategies would be greatly facilitated by a means to produce the gp120-CD4 complexes in a wide variety of contexts. Accordingly, we have developed single-chain polypeptide analogues that accurately replicate structural, functional, and antigenic features of the gp120-CD4 complex. One analogue (FLSC) consists of full-length HIV-1BaL gp120 and the D1D2 domains of CD4 joined by a 20-amino-acid linker. The second analogue (TcSC) contains a truncated form of the gp120 lacking portions of the C1, C5, V1, and V2 domains. Both molecules exhibited increased exposure of epitopes in the gp120 coreceptor-binding site but did not present epitopes of either gp120 or CD4 responsible for complex formation. Further, the FLSC and TcSC analogues bound specifically to CCR5 (R5) and blocked R5 virus infection. Thus, these single-chain chimeric molecules represent the first generation of soluble recombinant proteins that mimic the gp120-CD4 complex intermediate that arises during HIV replication.
Drastic Down-regulation of Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Expression Is Critical in Human Gastric Cancer Development and Progression (2005)

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is highly expressed in epithelial tissues such as the gut and skin. However, the role of KLF4 in human gastric cancer development and progression is unknown. Here we show that KLF4 protein expression was decreased or lost in primary tumors and, in particular, lymph node metastases when compared with that in normal gastric mucosa. Moreover, loss of KLF4 expression in the primary tumors was significantly associated with poor survival, and also an independent prognostic marker in a multivariate analysis. Consistently, most human gastric cancer cell lines exhibited loss of or a substantial decrease in KLF4 expression at both RNA and protein levels. Enforced restoration of KLF4 expression resulted in marked cell growth inhibition in vitro and significantly attenuated tumor growth and total abrogation of metastasis in an orthotopic animal model of gastric cancer. Mechanism studies indicated that promoter hypermethylation and hemizygous deletion contributed to the down-regulation of KLF4 expression and the induction of apoptosis contributed to the antitumor activity of KLF4. Collectively, our data provide first clinical and casual evidence and potential mechanism that the alteration of KLF4 expression plays a critical role in gastric cancer development and progression.
FOLFIRINOX – a new paradigm in the treatment of pancreatic cancer (2014)

Treatment of metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic cancer has made slow progress during the last decade. Single agent gemcitabine or in combination with capecitabine or erlotinib remained the preferred systemic treatment options until 2010 when the ACCORD study demonstrated significantly improved outcomes achieved with FOFIRINOX compared with gemcitabine monotherapy. Since 2010, use of FOLFIRINOX has increased both in metastatic and locally advanced cancer. Despite its gaining popularity among oncologists, unanswered questions remain. Do the often necessary dose modifications affect its efficacy? Are the toxicities manageable and how applicable are the results of the ACCORD study in the general population of patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer? In the present manuscript, we review the published literature regarding the use of FOLFIRINOX, the challenges associated with its use and how it will be optimally incorporated into the management of patients with different stages of pancreatic cancer and ultimately, in a more biomarker-driven pathway algorithm.
Reciprocal Relationship between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and T Cells (2013)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that play a major role in the regulation of immune responses in many pathological conditions. These cells have a common myeloid origin, relatively immature state, common genetic and biochemical profiles, and, most importantly, the ability to inhibit immune responses. Although initial studies of MDSCs were almost exclusively performed in tumor-bearing mice or cancer patients, in recent years, it became clear that MDSCs play a critical role in the regulation of different types of inflammation that are not directly associated with cancer. In this review we discuss the nature of the complex relationship between MDSCs and the different populations of CD4(+) T cells.
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some 3-carboxamides of 2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some 3-carboxamides of 2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxideJoseph G. Lombardino, Edward H. Wiseman, and W. M. McLamoreCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 12, 1171–1175Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00294a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00294a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spin‐dependent optics with metasurfaces (2016)

Abstract Optical spin‐Hall effect (OSHE) is a spin‐dependent transportation phenomenon of light as an analogy to its counterpart in condensed matter physics. Although being predicted and observed for decades, this effect has recently attracted enormous interests due to the development of metamaterials and metasurfaces, which can provide us tailor‐made control of the light‐matter interaction and spin‐orbit interaction. In parallel to the developments of OSHE, metasurface gives us opportunities to manipulate OSHE in achieving a stronger response, a higher efficiency, a higher resolution, or more degrees of freedom in controlling the wave front. Here, we give an overview of the OSHE based on metasurface‐enabled geometric phases in different kinds of configurational spaces and their applications on spin‐dependent beam steering, focusing, holograms, structured light generation, and detection. These developments mark the beginning of a new era of spin‐enabled optics for future optical components.
Stability of Vitamins in Soybean Oil Fat Emulsion Under Conditions Simulating Intravenous Feeding of Neonates and Children (1994)

The stability of the fat-soluble vitamins and thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, ascorbate, and folic acid when administered as part of Intralipid 10% was evaluated. Intravenous pediatric vitamin formulations (Vitalipid N Infant and Soluvit Infant) containing the daily dose for term neonates were diluted with Intralipid to final volumes of 12.5 mL or 260 mL. The volumes were then delivered for 24 hours via dihexylethyl-phthalate-free in vitro infusion systems that simulated clinical conditions. The first vitamin-Intralipid admixture (12.5-mL volumes) was pumped (by syringe) during 24 hours through neonatal infusion sets placed in an incubator (37 +/- 1 degree C, bilirubin light). Aliquots were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 24 hours of infusion. The second admixture (260-mL volumes) was pumped (by a peristaltic pump) through infusion sets during 24 hours and was exposed to periodic indirect sunlight and to continuous fluorescent light to stimulate the feeding of a child. Aliquots were collected at 0, 8, and 24 hours during administration of the admixtures. The vitamin concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of the vitamins on the stability of the emulsion was also assessed by visual inspection, lipid globule size distribution, and pH change. Losses of vitamins vary from different experimental conditions and were for the fat-soluble vitamins essentially nil, except for phylloquinone, which was 5% to 17% below the initial level. Thiamine, pyridoxine, and folic acid were stable. Losses of riboflavin and ascorbate amounted to 10% to 20% and 9% to 52%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Progress report on computer model for in situ oil shale retorting (1977)

A one-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for simulating the chemico-physical processes involved in the concurrent, vertical retorting of a rubblized bed of oil shale. Included in the present model are those processes believed to have the greatest effects in either the hot-gas retorting mode or the combustion retorting mode. The physical processes are: axial convective transport of heat and mass caused by the bulk gas flow, axial conductive transport of heat, heat transfer between the gas stream and the shale particles, and water evaporation and condensation. The chemical reactions in the shale particles are: decomposition of kerogen and carbonate minerals, reaction of carbon with CO/sub 2/ and O/sub 2/, thermal degradation of oil, and release of fixed water. The chemical reactions in the gas stream are: combustion of CO produced from the reaction of carbon with CO/sub 2/, combustion of the fuel components in recycle gas, and oil combustion. The governing equations are solved numerically by a semi-implicit, finite-difference method. Gas stream flow rate as well as the composition and temperature of both the gas stream and the shale particles are calculated as a function of time and location in the retort. Recovery rates of oil and water frommore » the retort are also computed.« less
Pro-Soft Val-boroPro: A Strategy for Enhancing in Vivo Performance of Boronic Acid Inhibitors of Serine Proteases (2011)

Val-boroPro, 1, is a potent, but relatively nonspecific inhibitor of the prolyl peptidases. It has antihyperglycemic activity from inhibition of DPPIV but also striking anticancer activity and a toxicity for which the mechanisms are unknown. 1 cyclizes at physiological pH, which attenuates its inhibitory potency >100-fold, which is a "soft drug" effect. Here we show that this phenomenon can be exploited to create prodrugs with unique properties and potential for selective in vivo targeting. Enzyme-mediated release delivers 1 to the target in the active form at physiological pH; cyclization attenuates systemic pharmacological effects from subsequent diffusion. This "pro-soft" design is demonstrated with a construct activated by and targeted to DPPIV, including in vivo results showing improved antihyperglycemic activity and reduced toxicity relative to 1. Pro-soft derivatives of 1 can help to illuminate the mechanisms underlying the three biological activities, or to help localize 1 at a tumor and thereby lead to improved anticancer agents with reduced toxicity. The design concept can also be applied to a variety of other boronic acid inhibitors.
The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Immediate-Release Oxymorphone for Postsurgical Pain (2004)

In this double-blind, parallel-group study, we compared 3 oxymorphone immediate-release (IR) doses with placebo for efficacy and with oxycodone IR and placebo for safety in patients with acute moderate-to-severe postsurgical pain. During the single-dose phase (n = 300), patients received oxymorphone IR 10, 20, or 30 mg; oxycodone IR 10 mg; or placebo. All oxymorphone IR doses were superior for providing pain relief for 8 h (P < 0.05), with a significant analgesic dose response (P < 0.001). Significant pain intensity differences occurred by 45 min (20- and 30-mg doses; P < 0.05). Discontinuations for lack of efficacy totaled 42% among placebo-treated patients and 27% among those treated with oxymorphone IR. Patients requiring rescue medication after 3 h were allowed to receive additional study drug every 4 to 6 h as needed for the multiple-dose phase (n = 164). All oxymorphone groups maintained analgesia for 48 h. The median dosing interval was >9.5 h for oxymorphone IR 30 mg and > or =7 h for the other groups. Opioid-related adverse events, similar among groups, were generally mild or moderate. Oxymorphone IR 10, 20, or 30 mg provided significant dose-related pain relief compared with placebo, and this relief was maintained over several days with a safety profile comparable to that of oxycodone IR.
Efficacy and safety of idelalisib in patients with relapsed, rituximab- and alkylating agent-refractory follicular lymphoma: a subgroup analysis of a phase 2 study (2016)

International audience
A regiospecific synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA regiospecific synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted imidazolesThomas N. Sorrell and William E. AllenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 6, 1589–1590Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00085a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00085a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1469Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DCT/DPCM Processing of NTSC Composite Video Signal (1982)

This paper describes two different schemes of DCT/ DPCM processing of digital NTSC composite video signal. The first scheme (line processing) is based on applying the discrete cosine transform (DCT) along each horizontal line and then implementing the differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) in the vertical direction on the semitransformed image. The second scheme (block processing) involves DCT of (4 × 4) subblocks followed by adaptive DPCM to reduce intersubblock correlation. Based on the statistics of the prediction error, variable bit quantizers optimized for minimizing the mean-square quantization error are developed. These techniques lead to reduced bit rates for transmitting the color video at broadcast standards. Both original and processed color images in composite form are displayed for subjective evaluation. The effects of channel error on block processing are also investigated.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Collagenase and Stromelysin (1995)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human fibroblast procollagenase and prostromelysin have been generated and characterized. The epitope-containing domains for the antibodies have been assigned based on their immunoreactivities against recombinant proenzymes, mature enzymes, truncated collagenases, proteolytic fragments of stromelysin, and chimeric molecules constructed from different domains of the two enzymes. These antibodies can be divided into four groups: (1) antibodies that recognize the truncated 19-kDa NH2-terminal collagenase, (2) antibodies that recognize the C-terminal domain of collagenase and stromelysin, (3) antibodies that recognize a 31-kDa NH2-terminal collagenase fragment, and (4) antibodies that recognize the 19-kDa NH2-fragment of stromelysin. The prostromelysin-specific antibody 11N13 is of particular interest; it neutralizes stromelysin activity in a stromelysin peptide substrate assay, with an IC50 value of 75 nM. MAb 11N13 may be useful for in vivo and in vitro studies to validate the roles of stromelysin in tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and connective tissue disorders.