gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the left atrial appendage our most lethal attachment? (2000)

Elimination of the left atrial appendage (LAA) might be an attractive alternative to anticoagulation since over 90% of thrombi occur within the LAA. However, before discussing about the most suitable technique for elimination of the LAA, evidence has to be provided for its role as an useless or even `most lethal and disabling attachment' as stated by Johnson WD et al. [1]. The physiologic role of the LAA has been studied by several investigations. One of them showed that sheep with crushed LAA did not increase their water intake after volume depletion, whereas `control' sheep with intact LAA did. Stretch receptors of the LAA may play a role in mediating thirst [2]. In dogs it was shown that the LAA has a higher distensibility than the left atrial body and that left atrial compliance is decreased after removal of the LAA. The LAA modulates the relation between pressure and volume in the left atrium and becomes important in states of left atrial pressure and volume overload [3]. In isolated working hearts of guinea pigs the LAA in uences cardiac pump function. As compared to hearts with ligated LAA, cardiac output of hearts with intact LAA was almost twice as high. This difference was attributed to the preserved ability of the LAA to contract and subsequent better ®lling of the left ventricle [4]. In humans LAA size was larger in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy than in patients without hypertrophy. LAA size was larger in patients with myocardial scars than in patients without scars. LAA with thrombi were larger than LAA without thrombi. LAA were larger in patients with atrial ®brillation than in patients with sinus rhythm [5]. LAA enlargement may be a consequence to increased ®lling pressure. The LAA is a place for release of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a peptide hormone which has natriuretic, diuretic and vasodilatory properties. In normal hearts, ANF concentration is 40-fold higher in the LAA than in the rest of the atrial free wall and in the ventricles. In failing hearts, ANF concentrations in the LAA still increase 5to 10-fold, especially the concentrations of the prohomones band g-ANF. Thus the LAA plays an important role in the neurohumoral response to cardiac pathologies. There is only one small follow-up study addressing the hemodynamic and neurohumoral consequences of bilateral atrial appendectomy in post-surgical patients. An attenuated ANF secretion in the early postoperative phase and after two years was found [6]. Elimination of the LAA may impede thirst in hypovolemia, deteriorate hemodynamic responses to volume or pressure overload, decrease cardiac output and promote heart failure. Instead of preventing strokes, the consequences of LAA elimination may thus create new risk factors for stroke. In general, elimination of the LAA might induce more harm than bene®t to patients with atrial ®brillation. As long as the role of the LAA is not fully understood it should not be eliminated.
RNA folding and combinatory landscapes (1993)

In this paper we view the folding of polynucleotide (RNA) sequences as a map that assigns to each sequence a minimum-free-energy pattern of base pairings, known as secondary structure. Considering only the free energy leads to an energy landscape over the sequence space. Taking into account structure generates a less visualizable nonscalar ``landscape,'' where a sequence space is mapped into a space of discrete ``shapes.'' We investigate the statistical features of both types of landscapes by computing autocorrelation functions, as well as distributions of energy and structure distances, as a function of distance in sequence space. RNA folding is characterized by very short structure correlation lengths compared to the diameter of the sequence space. The correlation lengths depend strongly on the size and the pairing rules of the underlying nucleotide alphabet. Our data suggest that almost every minimum-free-energy structure is found within a small neighborhood of any random sequence. The interest in such landscapes results from the fact that they govern natural and artificial processes of optimization by mutation and selection. Simple statistical model landscapes, like Kauffman and Levin's n-k model [J. Theor. Biol. 128, 11 (1987)], are often used as a proxy for understanding realistic landscapes, like those induced by RNA folding. We make a detailed comparison between the energy landscapes derived from RNA folding and those obtained from the n-k model. We derive autocorrelation functions for several variants of the n-k model, and briefly summarize work on its fine structure. The comparison leads to an estimate for k=7--8, independent of n, where n is the chain length. While the scaling behaviors agree, the fine structure is considerably different in the two cases. The reason is seen to be the extremely high frequency of neutral neighbors, that is, neighbors with identical energy (or structure), in the RNA case.
Cascaded Mach-Zehnder wavelength filters in silicon photonics for low loss and flat pass-band WDM (de-)multiplexing (2013)

We present 1-to-8 wavelength (de-)multiplexer devices based on a binary tree of cascaded Mach-Zehnder-like lattice filters, and manufactured using a 90 nm CMOS-integrated silicon photonics technology. We demonstrate that these devices combine a flat pass-band over more than 50% of the channel spacing with low insertion loss of less than 1.6 dB, and have a small device size of approximately 500 × 400 µm. This makes this type of filters well suited for application as WDM (de-)multiplexer in silicon photonics transceivers for optical data communication in large scale computer systems.
Hierarchical visuomotor control of humanoids (2018)

We aim to build complex humanoid agents that integrate perception, motor control, and memory. In this work, we partly factor this problem into low-level motor control from proprioception and high-level coordination of the low-level skills informed by vision. We develop an architecture capable of surprisingly flexible, task-directed motor control of a relatively high-DoF humanoid body by combining pre-training of low-level motor controllers with a high-level, task-focused controller that switches among low-level sub-policies. The resulting system is able to control a physically-simulated humanoid body to solve tasks that require coupling visual perception from an unstabilized egocentric RGB camera during locomotion in the environment. For a supplementary video link, see https://youtu.be/7GISvfbykLE .
Advances in Terahertz Waveguides and Sources (2011)

In this paper, we review recent progress toward efficient and versatile devices for terahertz applications. Low-loss transmission lines and waveguides are discussed, as well as potentially high-power photomixing devices based on carbon nanotubes.
Prediction error estimation: a comparison of resampling methods (2005)

A complete compilation of results and R code for simulations and analyses are available in Molinaro et al. (2005) (http://linus.nci.nih.gov/brb/TechReport.htm).
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Initial Lesion (1981)

SUFFICIENT evidence has accumulated over the past decade to allow the statement that insulin-requiring, or insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM; also known as juvenile-onset, Type I, ketosis-prone, or labile diabetes) is pathogenically a distinct disorder from non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM; also known as maturity-onset, Type II, non-ketosis-prone, or stable diabetes).1 , 2 This separation into two broad categories is made on the basis of several factors, such as the mean age at onset, the association with certain alleles in the major histocompatibility complex (HLA associations), the presence of circulating islet-cell antibodies, the round-cell infiltration in the endocrine pancreas, and other phenomena that are all . . .
Designing an interactive decision explorer (2003)

Two interactive displays were designed that let people modify lifestyle hazard factors (e.g. diet/exercise) and see how this changed their likelihood of serious illness, such as coronary heart disease and stroke, in the next 10 years. Pilot testing showed it was better to create strong visual links between changing hazard factors and their effects on risk of illness, than to link hazard selections to their changes. Revisions to left-right sequencing on screen were needed when moving from graphic to tabular displays. This reflected the design principle of giving salience to the user’s goals through the visual rhetoric of the screen display.
LHC: Construction and Commissioning Status (2007)

The installation of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is now approaching completion. All magnets are installed with the exception of a few inner triplet quadrupoles. The first of the eight machine sectors is cold and power tests are proceeding. Two other sectors are ready for cool down and interconnect work is proceeding at a satisfactory pace in the other five sectors. In view of a number of accumulated delays, the original plan for partial commissioning of the machine and a low energy pilot run at the end of 2007 will now have to be abandoned. Instead, the full commissioning of the machine to top energy in a single step will start once the injector chain becomes available in spring 2008.
Guide to Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) Definition and Considerations (2014)

This document provides Federal agencies with a definition of attribute based access control (ABAC). ABAC is a logical access control methodology where authorization to perform a set of operations is determined by evaluating attributes associated with the subject, object, requested operations, and, in some cases, environment conditions against policy, rules, or relationships that describe the allowable operations for a given set of attributes. This document also provides considerations for using ABAC to improve information sharing within organizations and between organizations while maintaining control of that information.
Comparison of T-antigen expression in normal, premalignant, and malignant human colonic tissue using lectin and antibody immunohistochemistry. (1986)

The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen has been implicated as a cancer-associated antigen in some human organs including the colon. Most previous studies of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen expression in the colon used peanut agglutinin (PNA) to identify the immunodeterminant in tissues. However, evidence from other organs suggests that anti-T antibodies have specificities which differ from those of peanut lectin. To elucidate the nature of the T-immunodeterminant in colonic mucosa, we compared staining by PNA to that of a polyclonal (PAb) and monoclonal (MAb) anti-T antibody. PNA demonstrated the best sensitivity (91%) in cancer tissues but the lowest specificity (68%) in normal mucosa. Staining with MAb was only 76% sensitive but 100% specific. Sensitivity and specificity of PAb were intermediate between PNA and MAb. MAb stained fewer adenomatous polyps than either PNA or PAb, but staining appeared to correlate with premalignant features of the polyps. PNA-binding sites were more prevalent than either PAb or MAb in hyperplastic polyps. Cell cytoplasm was stained by both antibodies more often than by PNA. The majority of fetal colonic specimens stained with all three reagents suggesting that Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen may be an oncodevelopmental antigen in human colon. Differences in staining patterns in some tissues may be due to different antigenic specificities among PNA, PAb, and MAb.
Reappraisal of the e.p.r. signals in (post)-ischaemic cardiac tissue (1989)

The present study was designed to measure directly, using e.p.r. spectroscopy, oxygen-derived free radicals in (post)-ischaemic or (post)-anoxic rat hearts. Rat hearts were rapidly freeze-clamped at 77 K under normoxic, anoxic, ischaemic or reperfusion conditions. The samples were measured at three different temperatures (13, 77 and 115 K) and at several microwave power levels, and were compared with isolated rat heart mitochondria. Samples were prepared both by grinding and as tissue cuts. The two preparation techniques gave identical e.p.r. results, which excludes the occurrence of grinding artifacts. No free radical signals linked to reperfusion injury were detected. Several electron transfer centres known in the mitochondrial respiratory chain were measured. The signals previously assigned to post-ischaemic reperfusion injury were found to originate from electron transfer centres of the respiratory chain, predominantly the iron-sulphur cluster S-1 in succinate dehydrogenase. The differences in signal intensity between normoxic, ischaemic and reperfused hearts were found to result from the different redox stages of these centres under the various conditions tested. These findings do not necessarily imply that oxygen-derived free radicals are not formed in cardiac tissue during (post)-ischaemic reperfusion. The constitutive background of paramagnetism from the respiratory chain, however, seriously hampers the direct detection of comparatively low concentrations of free radicals in cardiac tissue. It is therefore expedient to focus future experiments in this field on the use of spin-trapping agents.
Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Phthalocyanines to Macrophages Via Covalent Coupling to Native or Maleylated Bovine Serum Albumin (1999)

Targeted delivery of aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine (AlPcS4) to the scavenger receptor of macrophages, via coupling to maleylated bovine serum albumin (mal-BSA), was explored as a means to improve photodynamic efficacy. The AlPcS4 was covalently coupled to BSA (9:1 molar ratio) via one or two sulfonamide-hexanoic-amide spacer chains, followed by treatment with maleic anhydride to yield the mal-BSA-phthalocyanine conjugates. The latter were tested for singlet oxygen production, receptor-mediated cell uptake and phototoxicity toward J774 cells of macrophage origin and nonphagocytic EMT-6 cells. Cell uptake of 125I-mal-BSA showed specific binding for J774 cells but not for EMT-6 cells. Competition studies of the conjugates with 125I-mal-BSA showed that coupling of AlPcS4 to BSA resulted in recognition of the conjugate by the scavenger receptor, whereas coupling to mal-BSA further enhanced its binding affinity. This suggests that affinity for the scavenger receptor is related to the overall negative charge of the protein. Phototoxicity of the conjugates toward J774 cells paralleled their relative affinity, with mal-BSA-AlPcS4 coupled via two spacer chains showing the highest activity. The conjugates were less phototoxic toward the EMT-6 cell line. The activities in both cell lines of all conjugated AlPcS4 preparations were, however, lower than that of the free disulfonated AlPcS2. Possible implications for the in vivo use of protein-photosensitizer conjugates to target selectively various macrophage-associated disorders is discussed.
CML66, a broadly immunogenic tumor antigen, elicits a humoral immune response associated with remission of chronic myelogenous leukemia (2001)

This report describes a tumor-associated antigen, termed CML66, initially cloned from a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cDNA expression library. CML66 encodes a 583-aa protein with a molecular mass of 66 kDa and no significant homology to other known genes. CML66 gene is localized to human chromosome 8q23, but the function of this gene is unknown. CML66 is expressed in leukemias and a variety of solid tumor cell lines. When examined by Northern blot, expression in normal tissues was restricted to testis and heart, and no expression was found in hematopoietic tissues. When examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, expression in CML cells was 1.5-fold higher than in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The presence of CML66-specific antibody in patient serum was confirmed by Western blot and the development of high titer IgG antibody specific for CML66 correlated with immune induced remission of CML in a patient who received infusion of normal donor lymphocytes for treatment of relapse. CML66 antibody also was found in sera from 18-38% of patients with lung cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. These findings suggest that CML66 may be immunogenic in a wide variety of malignancies and may be a target for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
Patterned Luminescence of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Hot Microcontact Printing (HμCP) of Self-Assembled Monolayers (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPatterned Luminescence of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Hot Microcontact Printing (HμCP) of Self-Assembled MonolayersYoshihiro Koide, Qingwu Wang, Ji Cui, Douglas D. Benson, and Tobin J. MarksView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 45, 11266–11267Publication Date (Web):October 27, 2000Publication History Received1 August 2000Published online27 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja002835fCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views850Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (85 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Diodes,Electrodes,Layers,Light,Luminescence Get e-Alerts
So, You Want to Look for Biomarkers (Introduction to the Special Biomarkers Issue) (2005)

The burgeoning field of proteomics plays a powerful and relevant role in the discovery of biomarkers, which are biometric measurements that convey information about the biological condition of the subject being tested. Biomarkers have changed the manner in which we diagnose disease, monitor the effect of therapy, classify disease, detect toxicity, and develop new drugs. The central part that proteins command in both disease etiology and treatment make them prime biomarker candidates. Indeed, the majority of clinical tests in use today measure proteins. This perspective introduces the Journal of Proteome Research Special Issue on Proteomics and Biomarkers. It outlines the major applications of biomarkers, discusses the basics of statistically assessing them and considers the crucial choice of sample type. Central considerations of biomarker discovery and validation, particularly with respect to their intended clinical and research applications, are highlighted.
Salmonella typhimurium infection in calves: delayed specific skin reactions directed against the O-antigenic polysaccharide chain (1982)

Specific delayed skin reactions developed after intradermal injection of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide in 12-week-old calves which had been orally infected with S. typhimurium 5 weeks earlier. Uninfected calves showed no delayed skin reactions. Skin biopsies from skin swellings showed a massive infiltration of mononuclear cells in the skin of infected calves but not in those of uninfected calves. Persistence of infection in infected calves was confirmed by isolation of S. typhimurium from fecal specimens. The delayed skin reactions could be shown to be specific and directed against the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide since none of the lipopolysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide since none of the lipopolysaccharide preparations from a rough mutant of S. typhimurium, two strains with different O-polysaccharide chains, or lipid A elicited skin reactivity. To cause a reaction, the O-polysaccharide had to be in a macromolecular complex, since skin swellings were seen only after injections of either O-polysaccharide chains cross-linked by 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane or octasaccharides from the O chain covalently linked to a straight 12-carbon aliphatic chain forming an artificial glycolipid. Injection of the pure octasaccharides of O-polysaccharide chains failed to elicit delayed skin reactions.
Transport of CaM kinase along processes elicited by neuronal contact evokes an inhibition of arborization and outgrowth in D. melanogaster cultured neurons (1996)

Transgenic Drosophila strains expressing an inhibitory peptide of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaM Kinase), or a constitutively activated CaM kinase, show altered neuronal process morphology compared to wild type in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cultured mature neurons from embryonic neuroblasts. We observed significantly enhanced process growth in cells with inhibited enzyme, and reduced process growth in cells with activated enzyme, suggesting that active CaM kinase is involved in the inhibition of neurite growth during development. The subcellular distribution of CaM kinase in wild type neuronal cultures was determined using a gold particle labeling procedure which allowed the mapping of the enzyme directly in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Before neuronal contact there was little labeling of processes, but after connections had been made the processes were heavily labeled. Our results suggest that the major transport of CaM kinase to the terminals does not occur until after or during the formation of neuronal connections when a functional synapse might be formed. Taken together, these results suggest a target-dependent transport of the enzyme along processes and an inhibitory role for CaM kinase on neurite branching. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Empirical relationships between acoustic parameters in human soft tissues (2000)

Previously published summaries of sound speed, density, attenuation coefficient, and nonlinearity parameter, B/A, in human soft tissues are quantitatively analyzed. A highly significant empirical linear relationship is found to hold between sound speed and density for a wide range of soft tissues, including adipose, parenchymal, muscular, and connective tissues as well as body fluids. Even higher correlations occur between nondimensional parameters describing density variations and compressibility variations. Values for the nonlinearity parameter correlate significantly with sound speed and density, while the attenuation coefficient is found not to correlate significantly with any of the other parameters considered. Implications for tissue modeling and quantitative ultrasonic imaging are discussed.