gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine Wnt10a and Wnt10b: cloning and expression in developing limbs, face and skin of embryos and in adults. (1996)

Wnt genes encode a family of secreted proteins having oncogenic potential and important roles in developmental processes. We report the isolation of cDNAs for a novel murine Wnt gene, Wnt10a, and for two alternatively spliced transcripts of Wnt10b, as well as analyses of the expression patterns of these genes in adult and embryonic tissues. Wnt10a and full length Wnt10b encode relatively closely related (62% identity) Wnt proteins containing the 24 cysteines characteristic of most Wnt proteins. The deduced protein encoded by the alternatively spliced Wnt10b transcript lacks a central region encompassing 25% of the full length isoform. Both Wnt genes were widely expressed in the adult, although the levels of expression varied significantly. Wnt10a RNA was most abundant in adult brain with a high concentration in the pituitary gland, and expression of Wnt10b was highest in adult lung and uterus. RNAs of both genes were detected in thymus and spleen, tissues not previously reported as sites for Wnt gene expression. Wnt10a and Wnt10b expression broadly peaked at approximately 13.5 and 15.5 days of gestation, respectively, and Northern blot analyses of RNAs from dissected embryos revealed that expression of both genes was strongest in the face, limbs and skin and that Wnt10a was also expressed in the liver, the major site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. These expression patterns suggest that Wnt10a and Wnt10b may function in various tissues of the adult and embryo with notable expression in tissues responsible for the formation and maturation of blood cells, in the pituitary gland (Wnt10a), and in the face, limbs and skin of developing embryos.
Development and plasticity of the cerebral cortex: From molecules to maps (1999)

The role played by environmental influences in the development of the nervous system has been subject to intense study for the last three decades. Many laboratories are currently engaged in characterizing the exact contributions of activity-dependent or -independent processes to the development of the mammalian neocortex. Here we introduce a special issue devoted to the topic and briefly review recent progress in this exciting field. At the systems level, many investigators are now distinguishing between an "establishment" phase of cortical connections, where activity-dependent and independent mechanisms could operate, and a later "maintenance" phase, which appears to be controlled by neuronal activity. A particularly interesting recent example of the role of top-down vs. bottom-up influences in the development of cortical connections is the emergence of orientation selectivity in visual cortex: we propose a synthetic view highlighting the role of the thalamo-cortical reciprocal projection in this process. Finally, at the cellular level, NMDA receptors, neurotrophins and many other molecules contribute to activity-dependent rearrangement of cortical connections during appropriate critical periods of development.
A Fast Locking Scheme for PLL Frequency Synthesizers (1995)

Frequency synthesizers are used in a large number of time division multiplexed (TDMA) and frequency hopping wireless applications where quickly attaining frequency lock is critical. A new frequency synthesizer is described which employs a scheme for reducing lock time by a factor of two using a conventional phase locked loop architecture. Faster lock is attained by shifting the loop filter’s zero and pole corner frequencies while maintaining the PLL’s gain/phase margin characteristics.
DNA Damage Response Factors from Diverse Pathways, Including DNA Crosslink Repair, Mediate Alternative End Joining (2015)

Alternative end joining (Alt-EJ) chromosomal break repair involves bypassing classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), and such repair causes mutations often with microhomology at the repair junction. Since the mediators of Alt-EJ are not well understood, we have sought to identify DNA damage response (DDR) factors important for this repair event. Using chromosomal break reporter assays, we surveyed an RNAi library targeting known DDR factors for siRNAs that cause a specific decrease in Alt-EJ, relative to an EJ event that is a composite of Alt-EJ and c-NHEJ (Distal-EJ between two tandem breaks). From this analysis, we identified several DDR factors that are specifically important for Alt-EJ relative to Distal-EJ. While these factors are from diverse pathways, we also found that most of them also promote homologous recombination (HR), including factors important for DNA crosslink repair, such as the Fanconi Anemia factor, FANCA. Since bypass of c-NHEJ is likely important for both Alt-EJ and HR, we disrupted the c-NHEJ factor Ku70 in Fanca-deficient mouse cells and found that Ku70 loss significantly diminishes the influence of Fanca on Alt-EJ. In contrast, an inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) causes a decrease in Alt-EJ that is enhanced by Ku70 loss. Additionally, the helicase/nuclease DNA2 appears to have distinct effects from FANCA and PARP on both Alt-EJ, as well as end resection. Finally, we found that the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, a cancer therapeutic that has been shown to disrupt FANC signaling, causes a significant reduction in both Alt-EJ and HR, relative to Distal-EJ, as well as a substantial loss of end resection. We suggest that several distinct DDR functions are important for Alt-EJ, which include promoting bypass of c-NHEJ and end resection.
Space charge formation in γ-irradiated low density polyethylene (1998)

Energetic ionizing radiation can alter the chemical structure of polymeric materials and also may give rise to the presence of trapped charge within the material, the trapping characteristics of which may be influenced by these radiation-induced structural alterations. In the present work, the formation of space charge in /spl gamma/-irradiated LDPE (low-density polyethylene) was investigated using the technique of a LIPP (laser induced pressure pulse). Specimens of LDPE, /spl sim/350 /spl mu/m thick, were irradiated in a /sup 60/Co /spl gamma/-source in room air to various doses and the results indicate that space charge distributions are dependent on both dose and electric stress, including the length of time during which the stress is applied. At low doses (/spl les/10 kGy), there is a large amount of positive charge adjacent to the cathode, leading to stress enhancement at the interface. Higher applied stress serves to extend the positive charge towards the anode. At high doses (/spl ges/50 kGy), the charge distribution is more complicated than that for low doses. Here there is initially negative charge present adjacent to the cathode and a substantial positive charge adjacent to the anode. With the passage of time, however, there is a polarity change from negative to positive at the cathode and a decrease in the density of the positive charge at the anode, with negative charge in the middle of the sample.
Broad Spectrum Antiangiogenic Treatment for Ocular Neovascular Diseases (2010)

Lodamin, a polymer formulation of TNP-470, was identified as a first in its class, broad-spectrum antiangiogenic drug that can be administered orally or locally to treat corneal and retinal neovascularization. Several unique properties make Lodamin especially beneficial for ophthalmic use. Our results support the concept that broad spectrum antiangiogenic drugs are promising agents for AMD treatment and prevention.
High-brightness AlGaInP 573-nm light-emitting diode with a chirped multiquantum barrier (1998)

A novel chirped multiquantum barrier (CMQB) structure was used for AlGaInP light-emitting devices. We have theoretically studied the blocking efficiency of the CMQB structure and found that the CMQB structure is more effective in blocking the electron wave than the conventional uniform multiquantum barrier (UMQB) structure. AlGaInP light emitting diodes (LEDs) with the CMQB structure and the UMQB structure were both fabricated and compared. It was found that the luminescence intensity of the AlGaInP CMQB LED is larger and the intensity distribution of the AlGaInP CMQB LED is more uniform than the AlGaInP UMQB LED. The intensity-current measurement also shows that the electroluminescence intensity of the AlGaInP CMQB LED starts to saturate at a higher injection current.
Nectin 4 Overexpression in Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Serum (2010)

Early detection of ovarian cancer is difficult owing to the lack of specific and sensitive tests available. Previously, we found expression of nectin 4 to be increased in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovaries. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR validated the overexpression of nectin 4 messenger RNA in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovarian cell lines and tissues. Protein levels of nectin 4 were elevated in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissue compared with normal ovarian cell lines as demonstrated by Western immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray slides. Cleaved nectin 4 was detectable in a number of patient serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In patients with benign gynecologic diseases with high serum CA125 levels, nectin 4 was not detected in the majority of cases, suggesting that nectin 4 may serve as a potential biomarker that helps discriminate benign gynecologic diseases from ovarian cancer in a panel with CA125.
Human anergic/suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells: a highly differentiated and apoptosis-prone population (2001)

Anergic/suppressive CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells exist in animal models but their presence has not yet been demonstrated in humans. We have identified and characterized a human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell subset, which constitutes 7-10 % of CD4(+) T cells in peripheral blood and tonsil. These cells are a CD45RO(+)CD45RB(low) highly differentiated primed T cell population that is anergic to stimulation. Depletion of this small subset from CD4(+) T cells significantly enhances proliferation by threefold in the remaining CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, while the addition of isolated CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells to CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells significantly inhibits proliferative activity. Blocking experiments suggest that suppression is not mediated via IL-4, IL-10 or TGF-beta and is cell-contact dependent. Isolated CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells are susceptible to apoptosis that is associated with low Bcl-2 expression, but this death can be prevented by IL-2 or fibroblast-secreted IFN-beta. However, the anergic/suppressive state of these cells is maintained after cytokine rescue. These human regulatory cells are therefore a naturally occurring, highly suppressive, apoptosis-prone population which are at a late stage of differentiation. Further studies into their role in normal and pathological situations in humans are clearly essential.
Estrogen attenuated markers of inflammation and decreased lesion volume in acute spinal cord injury in rats (2005)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurologic injury with functional deficits for which the only currently recommended pharmacotherapy is high-dose methylprednisolone, which has limited efficacy. Estrogen is a multi-active steroid that has shown antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, and estrogen may modulate intracellular Ca(2+) and attenuate apoptosis. For this study, male rats were divided into three groups. Sham group animals received a laminectomy at T12. Injured rats received both laminectomy and 40 g x cm force SCI. Estrogen-group rats received 4 mg/kg 17beta-estradiol (estrogen) at 15 min and 24 hr post-injury, and vehicle-group rats received equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle). Animals were sacrificed at 48 hr post-injury, and 1-cm-long segments of the lesion, rostral penumbra, and caudal penumbra were excised. Inflammation was assessed by examining tissue edema, infiltration of macrophages/microglia, and levels of cytosolic and nuclear NFkappaB and inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaBalpha). Myelin integrity was examined using Luxol fast blue staining. When compared to sham, vehicle-treated animals revealed increased tissue edema, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased cytosolic levels of NFkappaB and IkappaBalpha, increased levels of nuclear NFkappaB, and increased myelin loss. Treatment of SCI rats with estrogen reduced edema and decreased inflammation and myelin loss in the lesion and penumbral areas, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Further work needs to be done, however, to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of estrogen.
Introduction of an RNA Stability Element at the 5′-End of an Antisense RNA Cassette Increases the Inhibition of Target RNA Translation (2001)

This communication describes improvement strategies used on a previously described two-unit antisense RNA cassette system. This cassette system encodes RNA with noncontiguous regions of complementarity to a bacterial target RNA, lacI mRNA. One of the units of complementarity was contained within an RNA stem-loop resembling that of the very efficient, naturally occurring antisense RNA CopA. As relatively low inhibitory activity was obtained previously, we tested variants in which several stem-loops were combined within one RNA, each of them directed against a different stretch of target RNA. One to four stem-loop RNAs were tested and found to be relatively ineffective, likely because of low metabolic stability. To increase the intracellular stability of these and other antisense RNAs, a stabilizer element (stem-loop derived from gene 32 mRNA of phage T4) was inserted at their 5'-ends. The results indicate that addition of this element indeed increased antisense RNA efficiency in vivo. As expected, this effect was primarily due to a longer antisense RNA half-life, as shown by RNA abundance (Northern analysis) and decay rates (rifampicin runout experiments). In summary, the results reported indicate that rational design of antisense RNA is feasible, but that the degree of inhibition (approximately 75% maximum inhibition) accomplished here could still be improved.
Optimal training for MIMO frequency-selective fading channels (2003)

High data rates give rise to frequency-selective channel effects. Space-time multiplexing and/or coding offer attractive means of combating fading, and boosting capacity of multi-antenna communications. As the number of antennas increases, channel estimation becomes challenging because the number of unknowns increases, and the power is split at the transmitter In this paper, we design a low complexity optimal training scheme for block transmissions over frequency-selective channels with multiple antennas. The optimality in designing our training schemes consists of maximizing a lower bound on the average capacity that is shown to be equivalent to minimizing the mean-square error of the linear channel estimator. Simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis.
High-density field-reversed configuration plasma for magnetized target fusion (2006)

Field reversed theta pinch technology is employed with programmed cusp fields at the theta coil ends to form high-density field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas. The well-formed FRC plasmas have volume-averaged density of 2-4/spl times/10/sup 22/ m/sup -3/, total temperature (T/sub e/+T/sub i/) of 300-500 eV, and plasma lifetime between 10-20 /spl mu/s in 50-70 mtorr of deuterium static gas fill. The achieved FRC parameters are very close to the desired target plasma requirements for magnetized target fusion.
Monitoring and Adaptive Control of Laser Processes (2014)

Monitoring of laser processes has been researched actively since the 1980's in several institutes around the world. The goal of process monitoring is to gather information on the process and to improve the understanding of the occurring phenomena, and to use the gathered data to createquality control methods and adaptive, closed loop control of the process. The methods used forlaser process monitoring can be divided into optical and acoustic methods of which the optical methods are more common. Today, monitoring has been commercially applied to even the newest laser processes, e.g. additive manufacturing. For laser welding, the process monitoring has been developed even further and closed-loop systems have been demonstrated several years ago. The improvements in digital camera technology and data processing have resulted in development of systems that use feature recognition for determining certain features of the process. Monitoring systems have developed from simple systems using single sensors to a more sophisticated systems utilizing a multitude of different detectors and detection methods.
Memory T and memory B cells share a transcriptional program of self-renewal with long-term hematopoietic stem cells (2006)

The only cells of the hematopoietic system that undergo self-renewal for the lifetime of the organism are long-term hematopoietic stem cells and memory T and B cells. To determine whether there is a shared transcriptional program among these self-renewing populations, we first compared the gene-expression profiles of naïve, effector and memory CD8(+) T cells with those of long-term hematopoietic stem cells, short-term hematopoietic stem cells, and lineage-committed progenitors. Transcripts augmented in memory CD8(+) T cells relative to naïve and effector T cells were selectively enriched in long-term hematopoietic stem cells and were progressively lost in their short-term and lineage-committed counterparts. Furthermore, transcripts selectively decreased in memory CD8(+) T cells were selectively down-regulated in long-term hematopoietic stem cells and progressively increased with differentiation. To confirm that this pattern was a general property of immunologic memory, we turned to independently generated gene expression profiles of memory, naïve, germinal center, and plasma B cells. Once again, memory-enriched and -depleted transcripts were also appropriately augmented and diminished in long-term hematopoietic stem cells, and their expression correlated with progressive loss of self-renewal function. Thus, there appears to be a common signature of both up- and down-regulated transcripts shared between memory T cells, memory B cells, and long-term hematopoietic stem cells. This signature was not consistently enriched in neural or embryonic stem cell populations and, therefore, appears to be restricted to the hematopoeitic system. These observations provide evidence that the shared phenotype of self-renewal in the hematopoietic system is linked at the molecular level.
Antlamebic Action of 5-Chloro-7-Diethylaminomethyl-8-Quinolinol and of other Substituted 8-Quinolinols in Vitro and in Experimental Animals (1955)

"Antlamebic Action of 5-Chloro-7-Diethylaminomethyl-8-Quinolinol and of other Substituted 8-Quinolinols in Vitro and in Experimental Animals" published on Mar 1955 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Active optics: A new technology for the control of light (1978)

Active optical systems are those in which real-time control over optical wavefronts is employed to optimize system perference in the presence of random distrurbances. Applications include 1) outgoingwave systems for maximizing the power density of a laser beam on a target and 2) received-wave systems for maximizing the angular resolving power of a telescope viewing a distant object through a turbulent atmosphere. In this tutorial-review paper, the basic concepts of active optics systems and their historical evolution are discussed, from early figurecontrol systems with a servo bandwidth of less than 1 Hz to the recently developed high-bandwidth systems for atmospheric compensation with bandwidths of several hundred hertz. A critical comparison of the various approaches to wavefront sensing is then made covering both coherent (laser) and incoherent (white-light)systems. Current techniques for wavefront correction including Bragg cells, segmented mirrors, thin-plate deformable mirrors, monolithic mirrms, and membrane mirrors are described. The performance analysis and optimization of closed loop systems is covered using two basic models. The paper concludes with a review of the design and performance of five current experimental active optical systems, with some comments on future applications.
Stephen P. Timoshenko, 1878–1972 (1972)

Few men in this century have had as great an impact on engineedng mechanics and engineering education as St~phen P. Timoshenko.Through his research and his writing he contributed remarkably to the advancement of his profession,
Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyformycin B and 2′-Deoxyoxoformycin B (1989)

Abstract 3-β-D-Ribofuranosylpyazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (formycins)1 modified in the heteroaromatic moiety are of biological interest as analogues of adenosine and guanosine, and have been the objects of intensive synthetic chemical effort by several groups.2-9 2′-Deoxynucleosides2c,2d,7b,13 and other analogties of the formycins modified in the sugar moiety10-12 are also of potential interest, but have been less extensively studied. Examples of the 2′-deoxyribonucleoside type known to date include the 2′-deoxy-6-thioguanosine analogue 1, the 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) analogue 2 (2′-deoxyformycin A),10,13 and the 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine analogue 3.7b Compound 2 was found to be 10-15 times more potent than 2′-deoxyadenosine as an inhibitor of the growth of S49 cells, a murine lymphoma line of T-cell origin.13 Activity depended on 5′- phosphorylation, since mutants lacking the enzymes adenosine kinase (AK) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) were insensitive to the drug. Furthermore, activity was comparable in the presence and absence of an AK inhibitor, suggesting that 2, unlike dAdo, may be a poor substrate for adenosine deaminase. That 5′-phosphorylation of 2 was mediated by AK rather than dCK was indicated by the fact that miitants lacking only dCK retained sensitivity. This contrasted with the behavior of dAdo, which is known to be n substrate for both AK and dCK.14
Generalized-ICP (2009)

In this paper we combine the Iterative Closest Point ('ICP') and 'point-to-plane ICP' algorithms into a single probabilistic framework. We then use this framework to model locally planar surface structure from both scans instead of just the "model" scan as is typically done with the point-to-plane method. This can be thought of as 'plane-to-plane'. The new approach is tested with both simulated and real-world data and is shown to outperform both standard ICP and point-to-plane. Furthermore, the new approach is shown to be more robust to incorrect correspondences, and thus makes it easier to tune the maximum match distance parameter present in most variants of ICP. In addition to the demonstrated performance improvement, the proposed model allows for more expressive probabilistic models to be incorporated into the ICP framework. While maintaining the speed and simplicity of ICP, the Generalized-ICP could also allow for the addition of outlier terms, measurement noise, and other probabilistic techniques to increase robustness.