gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy by Coincidence of Postsynaptic APs and EPSPs (1997)

Activity-driven modifications in synaptic connections between neurons in the neocortex may occur during development and learning. In dual whole-cell voltage recordings from pyramidal neurons, the coincidence of postsynaptic action potentials (APs) and unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) was found to induce changes in EPSPs. Their average amplitudes were differentially up- or down-regulated, depending on the precise timing of postsynaptic APs relative to EPSPs. These observations suggest that APs propagating back into dendrites serve to modify single active synaptic connections, depending on the pattern of electrical activity in the pre- and postsynaptic neurons.
High doses of purified stem cells cause early hematopoietic recovery in syngeneic and allogeneic hosts. (1998)

In humans, autologous transplants derived from bone marrow (BM) usually engraft more slowly than transplants derived from mobilized peripheral blood. Allogeneic BM transplants show a further delay in engraftment and have an apparent requirement for donor T cells to facilitate engraftment. In mice, Thy-1.1(lo)Lin-/loSca-1+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the principal population in BM which is responsible for engraftment in syngeneic hosts at radioprotective doses, and higher doses of HSCs can radioprotect an allogeneic host in the absence of donor T cells. Using the mouse as a preclinical model, we wished to test to what extent engraftment kinetics was a function of HSC content, and whether at high doses of c-Kit+Thy-1.1(lo)Lin-/loSca-1+ (KTLS) cells rapid allogeneic engraftment could also be achieved. Here we demonstrate that engraftment kinetics varied greatly over the range of KTLS doses tested (100-10,000 cells), with the most rapid engraftment being obtained with a dose of 5,000 or more syngeneic cells. Mobilized splenic KTLS cells and the rhodamine 123(lo) subset of KTLS cells were also able to engraft rapidly. Higher doses of allogeneic cells were needed to produce equivalent engraftment kinetics. This suggests that in mice even fully allogeneic barriers can be traversed with high doses of HSCs, and that in humans it may be possible to obtain rapid engraftment in an allogeneic context with clinically achievable doses of purified HSCs.
Primary Bjerknes forces (1990)

When a bubble in a liquid is subjected to a periodic sound field, the resulting bubble oscillations can interact with the sound field, giving rise to the primary Bjerknes force. A simple undergraduate-level derivation, and a graphical illustration of the underlying processes, are given
Rapid establishment of a HEK 293 cell line expressing FVIII-BDD using AAV site-specific integration plasmids (2014)

We developed a method of rapid establishment of human HEK 293 cell line expressing recombinant FVIII-BDD protein with AAV site-specific integration plasmids.
Irinotecan plus raltitrexed vs raltitrexed alone in patients with gemcitabine-pretreated advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2003)

There is no established second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine failure. In view of the urgent need for such therapy, and since preclinical and phase I clinical data suggest an encouraging, potentially synergistic activity between raltitrexed and irinotecan, the present randomised phase II study was initiated. A total of 38 patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, who progressed while receiving or within 6 months after discontinuation of palliative first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine, were enrolled in this study. They were randomised to 3-weekly courses of raltitrexed 3 mg x m(-2) on day 1 (arm A) or irinotecan 200 mg x m(-2) on day 1 plus raltitrexed 3 mg x m(-2) on day 2 (arm B). The primary study end point was objective response, secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), as well as clinical benefit response in symptomatic patients (n=28). In the combination arm, the IRC-confirmed objective response rate was 16% (three out of 19 patients had a partial remission; 95% CI, 3-40%), which was clearly superior to that in the comparator/control arm with raltitrexed alone, in which no response was obtained. Therefore, the trial was already stopped at the first stage of accrual. Also, the secondary study end points, median PFS (2.5 vs 4.0 months), OS (4.3 vs 6.5 months), and clinical benefit response (8 vs 29%) were superior in the combination arm. The objective and subjective benefits of raltitrexed+irinotecan were not negated by severe, clinically relevant treatment-related toxicities: gastrointestinal symptoms (42 vs 68%), partial alopecia (0 vs 42%), and cholinergic syndrome (0 vs 21%) were more commonly noted in arm B; however, grade 3 adverse events occurred in only three patients in both treatment groups. Our data indicate that combined raltitrexed+irinotecan seems to be an effective salvage regimen in patients with gemcitabine-pretreated pancreatic cancer. The superior response activity, PFS and OS (when compared to raltitrexed), as well as its tolerability and ease of administration suggest that future trials with this combination are warranted.
1-[[(3-Hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine:  A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor with Antihyperglycemic Properties (2003)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition has the potential to become a valuable therapy for type 2 diabetes. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a new DPP-IV inhibitor class, N-substituted-glycyl-2-cyanopyrrolidines, are described as well as the path that led from clinical development compound 1-[2-[5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (NVP-DPP728, 8c) to its follow-up, 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (NVP-LAF237, 12j). The pharmacological profile of 12j in obese Zucker fa/fa rats along with pharmacokinetic profile comparison of 8c and 12j in normal cynomolgus monkeys is discussed. The results suggest that 12j is a potent, stable, selective DPP-IV inhibitor possessing excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity with potential for once-a-day administration.
Cortisol increases transfection efficiency of cells (1997)

DNA uptake can be facilitated by addition of physiological amounts of 11beta-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids (such as cortisol) during transfection. In the presence of cortisol, but not of the inactive 11-keto glucocorticoid cortisone, twice as many cells uptake and express the reporter gene. The effect is specific and dose-dependent; the amounts of glucocorticosteroids needed to enhance transfection efficiency are in the nanomolar range, which corresponds to the dissociation constant of glucocorticoids for the glucocorticoid receptor in vitro. This effect can be abolished by an excess of the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486. We infer that the activated cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors enhance nuclear translocation of the incoming transfected DNA.
Nicardipine and Nifedipine Inhibit Fatty Acid Desaturases in Rat Liver Microsomes (1996)

Nicardipine and nifedipine, Ca channel blockers, inhibited rat liver microsomal desaturases, though verapamil, methoxyverapamil, cinnarizine, flunarizine, and diltiazem did not. However, nicardipine and nefidipine apparently did not inhibit the fungal desaturation in Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Nicardipine inhibited rat liver microsomal delta 5 desaturase specifically (50% inhibitory concentration. 170 microM), and nifedipine inhibited delta 6 desaturase specifically (78 microM). The inhibition by nicardipine and nifedipine is uncompetitive, the Ki values for delta 5 and delta 6 desaturases being 62 and 44 microM, respectively.
Selective inhibition of tumor cell growth by a recombinant single-chain antibody-toxin specific for the erbB-2 receptor. (1992)

A high percentage of human breast and ovarian tumors display amplified c-erbB-2 gene copies, leading to overexpression of the growth factor receptor. Its membrane location and elevated expression make the erbB-2 protein an appropriate target for a directed tumor therapy. We have used recombinant DNA technology to produce a single-chain antibody-exotoxin A (scFv-ETA) fusion protein which specifically binds the human erbB-2 receptor. The scFv portion is composed of the heavy- and light-chain variable domains of a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the extracellular domain of the human erbB-2 receptor. The bacterially produced scFv-ETA protein was shown to bind specifically to cells expressing the human erbB-2 protein. The scFv-ETA inhibits protein synthesis in erbB-2-expressing tumor cells at doses ranging from 2 to 200 ng/ml and is cytotoxic for these cells at equivalent doses. In athymic nude mice, administration of the scFv-ETA inhibited the growth of erbB-2-overexpressing human ovarian carcinoma cells.
DNA‐Templated Self‐Assembly of Two‐Dimensional and Periodical Gold Nanoparticle Arrays (2005)

The incorporation of a single gold nanoparticle into a rationally designed DNA nanostructure and the use of the nanoparticle-bearing DNA nanostructure for the templated self-assembly of periodical nanoparticle arrays is presented. This approach allows the opportunity to control the interparticle spacings and hierarchical architectures of nanoparticles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503208_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Numerous microRNPs in neuronal cells containing novel microRNAs (2003)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is caused by deletions or loss-of-function mutations in the Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is part of a large complex that functions in the assembly/restructuring of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We recently showed in HeLa cells that two components of the SMN complex, Gemin3 and Gemin4, together with the argonaute protein eIF2C2, also associate with microRNAs (miRNAs) as part of a novel class of RNPs termed miRNPs. Here we report on miRNPs isolated from neuronal cell lines of mouse and human, and describe 53 novel miRNAs. Several of these miRNAs are conserved in divergent organisms, including rat, zebrafish, pufferfish, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The chromosomal locations of most of the novel miRNAs were identified and indicate some phylogenetic conservation of the likely precursor structures. Interestingly the gene locus of one miRNA, miR-175, is a candidate region for two neurologic diseases: early-onset parkinsonism (Waisman syndrome) and X-linked mental retardation (MRX3). Also, several miRNAs identified as part of miRNPs in these cells appear to constitute two distinct subfamilies. These subfamilies comprise multiple copies of miRNAs on different chromosomes, suggesting an important function in the regulation of gene expression.
Movement of the free catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase into and out of the nucleus can be explained by diffusion. (1993)

The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic AMP (cAMP) dependent protein kinase (PKA) has previously been shown to enter and exit the nucleus of cells when intracellular cAMP is raised and lowered, respectively. To determine the mechanism of nuclear translocation, fluorescently labeled C subunit was injected into living REF52 fibroblasts either as free C subunit or in the form of holoenzyme (PKA) in which the catalytic and regulatory subunits were labeled with fluorescein and rhodamine, respectively. Quantification of nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescence intensities revealed that free C subunit nuclear accumulation was most similar to that of macromolecules that diffuse into the nucleus. A glutathione S-transferase-C subunit fusion protein did not enter the nucleus following cytoplasmic microinjection. Puncturing the nuclear membrane did not decrease the nuclear concentration of C subunit, and C subunit entry into the nucleus did not appear to be saturable. Cooling or depleting cells of energy failed to block movement of C subunit into the nucleus. Photobleaching experiments showed that even after reaching equilibrium at high [cAMP], individual molecules of C subunit continued to leave the nucleus at approximately the same rate that they had originally entered. These results indicate that diffusion is sufficient to explain most aspects of C subunit subcellular localization.
Nonplanar distortion modes for highly substituted porphyrins (1992)

The syntheses, structures, and spectroscopic properties of some novel dodecaphenyl- and dodecaalkylporphyrins have been investigated with the aim of designing model compounds to aid in evaluating theoretical models of porphyrin nonplanarity. It was found that dodecaphenylporphyrin (3) and the dodecaalkylporphyrins 4a-c could be prepared using standard synthetic procedures and that these porphyrins adopted very distorted nonplanar structures in the crystalline state. In the crystal structure of 3 the pyrrole rings were tilted with respect to the mean plane of the porphyrin to give a saddle conformation, whereas in the crystal structure of the nickel(II) complex of 4c (Ni4c) the pyrrole rings were twisted with respect to the mean plane to give a ruffled conformation. Nonplanar conformations with the same distortion modes were obtained as minimum energy structures for Ni3 and Ni4c using a molecular mechanics force field, which showed that the observed nonplanar conformations were due to steric repulsions between the peripheral substituents. Low-temperature NMR spectra indicated that the solution conformations of 3 and Ni4c were consistent with those found in the crystal structures. Several conformations of Ni4b and Ni4c with different quasi-axial and quasi-equatorial orientations of the alkyl chains were observed in solution, and saddle and ruffled distortion modes were clearly differentiated for the dications and nickel(II) complexes of porphyrins 4b and 4c. Finally, an attempt was made to synthesize the dodecaalkylporphyrin 5 using the same conditions applied to porphyrins 4a-c. This gave only the 5,15-dihydroporphyrin 6, presumably because the more spatially demanding six-membered ring prevented the oxidation of 6 to porphyrin 5 using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. © 1992, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
IL-15 Is Expressed by Dendritic Cells in Response to Type I IFN, Double-Stranded RNA, or Lipopolysaccharide and Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation (2001)

Cytokines that are induced by infection may contribute to the initiation of immune responses through their ability to stimulate dendritic cells (DCs). In this paper, we have addressed the role of IL-15 in DC activation, investigating its expression by DCs in response to three different signals of infection and examining its ability to stimulate DCs. We report that the expression of both IL-15 and the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain are increased in splenic DCs from mice inoculated with dsRNA (poly(I:C)), LPS, or IFN-alphabeta, and in purified murine splenic DCs treated with IFN-alphabeta in vitro. Furthermore, IL-15 itself was able to activate DCs, as in vivo or in vitro exposure of splenic DCs to IL-15 resulted in an up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, markedly increased production of IFN-gamma by DC and an enhanced ability of DCs to stimulate Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation. The magnitude of all of the IL-15-induced changes in DCs was reduced in mice deficient for the IFN-alphabeta receptor, suggesting a role for IFN-alphabeta in the stimulation of DCs by IL-15. These results identify IL-15 as a stimulatory cytokine for DCs with the potential for autocrine activity and link its effects to expression of IFN-alphabeta.
Potential and limitations of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. (1997)

The model demonstrates that: (a) for radioimmunodetection, the most effective antibody form (Fab for ZCE025) was the lower mol weight form, yet not sensitive enough for hepatic metastasis detection; and (b) for radioimmunotherapy, a relatively fast-clearing antibody form (F(ab')2 for ZCE025) in combination with long half-life beta(-)-emitters was optimal, yet inadequate as the sole therapeutic modality for solid tumors.
THE IN VITRO EFFECT OF LYSOSTAPHIN ON CLINICAL ISOLATES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (1964)

Lysostaphin, an antibiotic that is unique inasmuch as it lyses all strains of Staphylococcus aureus, has been tested against 252 strains obtained from clinical sources. The clinical isolates were phage typed and tested for in vitro susceptibility to lysostaphin and seven other antistaphylococcal antibiotics.The resistant strains, found generally in phage groups I, III, and Insensitive, were most susceptible to vancomycin, lysostaphin, ristocetin, and kanamycin. The antibiotics least effective were penicillin G, tetracycline, phenethicillin, and erythromycin. As an attempt to quantitate the susceptibility of various clinical strains of 5.S. aureus to lysostaphin, a "lysostaphin index" was devised in which, by an arbitrary criterion, the susceptibility of a clinical isolate was related to the sensitivity of S. aureus, strain FDA 209P. It was found that all isolates were lysed by lysostaphin.
Quantitative XPS Analysis of PEG-Modified Silicon Surfaces (2004)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) films were covalently coupled to silicon surfaces using a solution phase and a vapor phase technique. These methods are targeted for creating nonfouling PEG films on silicon bio-microsystems. We used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to better understand and analyze PEG functionalized silicon surfaces. Elemental surface composition was obtained from survey spectra for various PEG modified surfaces. Further, high-resolution C-1s scans were taken to ensure the presence of the characteristic C−O bond, which confirms the coupling of PEG on the silicon surface. Percent C−O was analyzed theoretically to better understand the formation of thin PEG films on silicon surfaces. Also, the thickness of the PEG film was estimated using the standard overlayer model.
Placenta Derived Stem Cells (PDAC) Suppress the Allo-MLR and the EBV Regression Assay. (2006)

Abstract The placenta is a readily available and ethically non-controversial source of large amounts of therapeutic stem cells. Placenta Derived Adherent Cells (PDACs) are isolated from the placenta by one of several methods including physical disruption of tissue from several different anatomical sites within the placenta that include the amniotic membrane, chorion, placental cotyledons, or any combination thereof. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PDACs isolated from certain sites exhibit phenotypes, including for example CD200+ CD105+ CD73+ CD34− CD45− at percentages ≥70%. Furthermore, PDACs demonstrate in vitro pluripotency. Here, we report on the immune suppressive capabilities of PDACs. PDACs were introduced in a six-day mixed leukocyte reaction, using purified CD8+ T cells as effectors and allogeneic dendritic cells (DC)s. The ratios were T/DC/PDAC=10/1/2. Alternatively, an EBV regression assay, measuring T cell proliferation against EBV expressing antigen presenting cells (APCs) generated from healthy donors was performed. Here, the T/APC/PDAC ratios were 10/1/2. In this system, PDACs inhibited the proliferation, as measured by CFSE dilution, of CD8+ T cells &gt;50% (range: 0–95%, SEM 20%). The suppression was the same whether only CD4+ or CD8+ cells were used, or whether equal amounts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were added. When Natural Killer (NK) cells were used, with 50 U/ml IL-2, as effectors instead of T cells, the suppressive effect was 45% (range: 40–65%, SEM 5%). Different PDAC preparations suppressed the reactions equally well. Separation of certain PDACs and MLR by a transwell membrane reduced the suppression by 21%, suggesting that part of the suppression was contact dependent. Suppression by other types of PDACs, on the other hand, was 75% contact dependent. When CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells were removed by magnetic bead separation, the suppression in the regression assay was unchanged. These results suggest that PDACs may have potential therapeutic use as universal immune suppressive donor cells. The suppression is independent of T regulatory cells.
An SOLR calibration for accurate measurement of orthogonal on-wafer DUTs (2002)

Orthogonal CPW thrus are notorious for generating undesired modes due to the bend discontinuity. These undesired modes are not accounted for in conventional calibration methods such as SOLT, LRM, and TRL, since they require, by definition, well-behaved thru standards. In this paper, we will demonstrate through experimental results how the Short-Open-Load-Reciprocal thru (SOLR) approach, which avoids imposing any dependency on the nature of the thru standard itself, provides a superior calibration.
"Smart" Cascade Polymers. Modular Syntheses of Four-Directional Dendritic Macromolecules with Acidic, Neutral, or Basic Terminal Groups and the Effect of pH Changes on Their Hydrodynamic Radii (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Smart" Cascade Polymers. Modular Syntheses of Four-Directional Dendritic Macromolecules with Acidic, Neutral, or Basic Terminal Groups and the Effect of pH Changes on Their Hydrodynamic RadiiJames K. Young, Gregory R. Baker, George R. Newkome, Kevin F. Morris, and Charles S. Johnson Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 13, 3464–3471Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00091a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00091a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of b-Glucuronidase Expression in Transgenic Tobacco Plants by an A/T-Rich, cis-Acting Sequence Found Upstream of a French Bean b-Phaseolin Gene (1989)

Mauricio M. Bustos, Mark J. Guiltinan, Juan Jordano, Dilara Begum, Fatma A. Kalkan, Timothy C. Hall, Regulation of β-Glucuronidase Expression in Transgenic Tobacco Plants by an A/T-Rich, cis-Acting Sequence Found Upstream of a French Bean β-Phaseolin Gene, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 9 (Sep., 1989), pp. 839-853
An lrp-like gene of Bacillus subtilis involved in branched-chain amino acid transport (1997)

The azlB locus of Bacillus subtilis was defined previously by a mutation conferring resistance to a leucine analog, 4-azaleucine (J. B. Ward, Jr., and S. A. Zahler, J. Bacteriol. 116:727-735, 1973). In this report, azlB is shown to be the first gene of an operon apparently involved in branched-chain amino acid transport. The product of the azlB gene is an Lrp-like protein that negatively regulates expression of the azlBCDEF operon. Resistance to 4-azaleucine in azlB mutants is due to overproduction of AzlC and AzlD, two novel hydrophobic proteins.