gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Choline acetyltransferase variants and their influence in schizophrenia and olanzapine response (2007)

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAt) is extensively distributed throughout the CNS where, by catalyzing acetylcholine synthesis, it participates in modulating wide-ranging cholinergic-dependent functions including cognitive performance, sleep, arousal, movement, and visual information processing. Recently, compelling evidence has mounted implicating ChAt in schizophrenia. In particular, studies have identified significant reductions in ChAt activity in the nucleus accumbens and pontine tegmentum of such patients, which furthermore correlate significantly with measures of cognitive performance in the disorder. Similarly, elevated levels of choline, the acetylcholine precursor, have been identified among patients, implicating altered ChAt activity in these individuals. We sought to investigate the potential contribution of three ChAt gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia, and uncovered evidence for significant association between one of these, rs1880676G/A, and disease susceptibility among Basque individuals (genotypewise chi(2) = 20.7, P = 0.00003; allelewise chi(2) = 10.1, P = 0.002). A similar trend for association with susceptibility was observed for a second SNP, rs3810950G/A, (genotypwise chi(2) = 6.4, P = 0.05; allelewise chi(2) = 3.75, P = 0.05). Evidence was also uncovered for a potential influence of these polymorphisms on olanzapine treatment outcome among Spanish patients (F-statistic = 5.02, P = 0.03; F-statistic = 6.53, P = 0.02 respectively), and on improvements in positive symptoms in the case of rs3810950 (F-statistic = 5.3, P = 0.03) and general psychopathology in the case of rs1880676 and rs3810950 (F-statistic = 5.24, P = 0.03; F-statistic = 5.31, P = 0.03 respectively) during therapy. While more comprehensive studies are warranted to determine the precise contribution of ChAt mediated mechanisms in schizophrenia, our findings tentatively implicate a genetic influence of ChAt in the disorder's susceptibility and treatment.
Stem cell factor enhances the survival but not the self-renewal of murine hematopoietic long-term repopulating cells (1994)

The effects of stem cell factor (SCF) have been tested on a murine bone marrow subpopulation (RH123lo, Lin-, Ly6A/E+) that is highly enriched for long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells. SCF maintained cells from this population with long-term repopulating ability for up to 10 days in vitro. However, compared with freshly isolated cells, the level of engraftment in vivo by the cultured cells declined during the in vitro culture period, suggesting that SCF alone was unable to stimulate the self-renewal of long-term repopulating cells. By direct visualization of cultures, only small numbers of cells survived and rarely underwent cell division. However, SCF did directly stimulate proliferation of a population (Rh123med/hi,Lin-,Ly6A/E+) enriched for short-term repopulating cells. These data suggest that stem cell differentiation is associated with the development of mitogenic activity by SCF at least in some progenitor cell populations.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Fertility (1992)

From 1960 10 1984, 2,501 women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy (index laparoscopy) because of a clinical suspicion of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Of these women, 1,844 had abnormal laparoscopic findings (patients) and 657 had normal findings (control subjects). The reproductive events after index laparoscopy of 1,732 patients and 601 control subjects were followed. The patients and control subjects were followed for a total of 13,400 and 3,958 woman-years, respectively. During the follow-up period, 1,309 (75.6%) of the patients and 451 (75.0%) of the control subjects attempted to conceive. Of these women, 209 (16.0%) of the patients and 12 (2.7%) of the control subjects failed to conceive. A total of 141 (10.8%) of the patients and 0 (0%) of the control subjects had confirmed tubal factor infertility, 21 (1.6%) of the patients and 3 (0.7%) control subjects had other causes of infertility, and 47 (3.6%) patients and 9 (2.0%) control subjects did not have a complete infertility evaluation. Additional information on tubal morphology (hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, or laparotomy) in women from couples for whom evaluation was incomplete indicated that 165 (12.2%) patients and 4 (0.9%) of the control subjects had abnormal tubal function or morphology after index laparoscopy. Tubal factor infertility after PID was associated with number and severity of PID episodes. The ectopic pregnancy rate for first pregnancy after index laparoscopy was 9.1% among the patients and 1.4% among control subjects.
Axillary and subclavian venous thrombosis. Prognosis and treatment (1991)

To clarify the prognosis of axillary and subclavian deep venous thrombosis and to determine which clinical factors influence its sequelae, we systematically reviewed the English-language literature published on this subject since 1950. Seventy-one case reports and 17 case series describing a total of 329 patients met our inclusion criteria for detailed review. There were major deficiencies in the quality, as well as quantity, of the available clinical data: few patients were enrolled at axillary and subclavian deep venous thrombosis inception, and outcome assessments were susceptible to bias and based on insensitive diagnostic tests. Posttreatment symptoms were reported in 34% of cases, pulmonary embolism in 9.4% (one half documented by lung scan or angiography), and death in 1.2% (three of four deaths due to pulmonary emboli). These complications occurred regardless of etiologic category (spontaneous, catheter related, or miscellaneous). Thrombolytic agents and surgery, in addition to anticoagulation, were often used to treat axillary and subclavian deep venous thrombosis, but there were no controlled trials to support any one approach. Until such trials are performed, therapy should be based on the anticoagulation regimens proved to be effective for deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. In selected patients, thrombolytic therapy and surgery may have important roles. (<i>Arch Intern Med.</i>1991;151:1934-1943)
Manipulating nitrogen regulation in diazotrophic bacteria for agronomic benefit (2019)

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is controlled by intricate regulatory mechanisms to ensure that fixed nitrogen is readily assimilated into biomass and not released to the environment. Understanding the complex regulatory circuits that couple nitrogen fixation to ammonium assimilation is a prerequisite for engineering diazotrophic strains that can potentially supply fixed nitrogen to non-legume crops. In this review, we explore how the current knowledge of nitrogen metabolism and BNF regulation may allow strategies for genetic manipulation of diazotrophs for ammonia excretion and provide a contribution towards solving the nitrogen crisis.
A Unique Carrier for Delivery of Therapeutic Compounds beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier (2008)

This study provides the initial proof of concept for p97 as a carrier capable of shuttling therapeutic levels of drugs from the blood to the brain for the treatment of neurological disorders, including classes of resident and metastatic brain tumors. It may be prudent, therefore, to consider implementation of this novel delivery platform in various clinical settings for therapeutic intervention in acute and chronic neurological diseases.
Tracing Traitors (1994)

We give cryptographic schemes that help trace the source of leaks when sensitive or proprietary data is made available to a large set of parties. This is particularly important for broadcast and database access systems, where the data should be accessible only to authorized users. Such schemes are very relevant in the context of pay television, and easily combine, with and complement the Broadcast Encryption schemes of [6].
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase from Bovine Lung: Activation with Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide and Spectral Characterization of the Ferrous and Ferric States (1994)

Nitric oxide (.NO) is a recently discovered signaling agent which plays a role in many biological processes such as vasodilation and neuronal synaptic transmission. The only receptor characterized thus far for .NO is the soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC). .NO increases the Vmax of sGC by 100-200-fold, probably by interacting with a heme moiety on the enzyme. Although several procedures exist for purifying sGC, these procedures result in preparations with low heme contents. Using a novel procedure, the enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from bovine lung with a heme content of approximately 1 heme/heterodimer. The UV-visible spectrum of the enzyme contains a Soret peak centered at 431 nm and a single broad alpha/beta peak at 555 nm indicative of a 5-coordinate ferrous heme with histidine as the axial ligand. The heme moiety does not bind oxygen but will readily bind .NO to form a 5-coordinate complex or carbon monoxide (CO) to form a 6-coordinate complex. Oxidation of the heme with ferricyanide shifts the Soret to 393 nm, due most likely to the formation of a 5-coordinate ferric heme. In the ferric state, the heme will apparently not bind water but will bind cyanide with reduced affinity compared to methemoglobin and metmyoglobin. Purified enzyme containing 1 heme/heterodimer is activated 130-fold by .NO and 4.4-fold by CO.
The Innervation of the Lumbar Spine (1983)

The lumbar intervertebral discs are innervated posteriorly by the sinuvertebral nerves, but laterally by branches of the ventral rami and grey rami communicantes. The posterior longitudinal ligament is innervated by the sinuvertebral nerves and the anterior longitudinal ligament by branches of the grey rami. Lateral and intermediate branches of the lumbar dorsal rami supply the iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus thoracis, respectively. Medial branches supply the multifidus, intertransversarii mediales, interspinales, interspinous ligament, and the lumbar zygapophysial joints. The distribution of the intrinsic nerves of the lumbar vertebral column systematically identifies those structures that are potential sources of primary low-back pain.
Contact inhibition and high cell density deactivate the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, thus suppressing the senescence program (2014)

During cell cycle arrest caused by contact inhibition (CI), cells do not undergo senescence, thus resuming proliferation after replating. The mechanism of senescence avoidance during CI is unknown. Recently, it was demonstrated that the senescence program, namely conversion from cell cycle arrest to senescence (i.e., geroconversion), requires mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Geroconversion can be suppressed by serum starvation, rapamycin, and hypoxia, which all inhibit mTOR. Here we demonstrate that CI, as evidenced by p27 induction in normal cells, was associated with inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, CI antagonized senescence caused by CDK inhibitors. Stimulation of mTOR in contact-inhibited cells favored senescence. In cancer cells lacking p27 induction and CI, mTOR was still inhibited in confluent culture as a result of conditioning of the medium. This inhibition of mTOR suppressed p21-induced senescence. Also, trapping of malignant cells among contact-inhibited normal cells antagonized p21-induced senescence. Thus, we identified two nonmutually exclusive mechanisms of mTOR inhibition in high cell density: (i) CI associated with p27 induction in normal cells and (ii) conditioning of the medium, especially in cancer cells. Both mechanisms can coincide in various proportions in various cells. Our work explains why CI is reversible and, most importantly, why cells avoid senescence in vivo, given that cells are contact-inhibited in the organism.
Rituximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2004)

to the editor: Edwards et al. (June 17 issue) 1 show that the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab provides effective therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. They report that the effects of rituximab are not associated with changes in serum immunoglobulin levels, suggesting that this anti-CD20 antibody alleviates symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis through an antibody-independent mechanism. In their study, serious bacterial infections occurred in only four patients (3.3 percent) in the rituximab groups. Nevertheless, we suspect that the use of this therapeutic protein may lead to severe infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, sepsis, and viremia. The target of rituximab, CD20, has been reported to associate with major-histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) class II molecules and to have an important role in the activation of B cells. 2 Consequently, anti-antigen presentation may be one of the antibody-independent mechanisms by which rituximab functions. If this is the case, clinicians should be aware that the use of rituximab could allow for the development of severe infections, especially in cases in which functions of antigen presentation play an important role in disease protection.
Taking the Next Steps: Toward a coherent Language Education Policy for British Columbia (1997)

As a response to the recent release of the British Columbia Ministry of Education's Language Education Policy document this paper explores some important issues pertaining to policy-making in language education. Beginning with a brief look at the history of language education policy in British Columbia and the current international situation, the paper goes on to discuss implications of educational language policy for teacher education and examines the knowledge bases and related resources required for policy development. The authors note that this policy document does not elaborate on some crucial points related to language education, and that many aspects of the document point to a greater concern with developing intercultural tolerance and favourable attitudes toward language learning than language proficiency. Possible future actions in the development of a more defined provincial language education policy are proposed with an emphasis on the need for consultation and collaboration.
Levetiracetam as Adjunctive Therapy for Refractory Anxiety Disorders (2007)

These preliminary data suggest that levetiracetam may be an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with anxiety disorders who remain symptomatic despite initial anxiolytic therapy.
Expression of the Human Sda -1,4-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II Gene is Dependent on the Promoter Methylation Status (2007)

It has been noted that the expression of Sd(a), including its antigenic structure, the beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosyltransferase II (beta4GalNAcT-II) activity responsible for its formation, and the Sd(a) beta4GalNAcT-II mRNA transcript, is drastically reduced in oncogenetic processes in gastrointestinal tissues. Markedly reduced metastatic potential has been demonstrated in colon and gastric cancer cells transfected with the Sd(a) beta4GalNAcT-II gene. In this study, a putative CpG island encompassing the promoter and exon 1 regions in the human Sd(a) beta4GalNAcT-II gene was identified, and the investigation of DNA methylation of the Sd(a) gene promoter region demonstrated a clear association between the methylation status of the CpG island promoter and expression of the Sd(a) gene in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Hypomethylation of the promoter region of the Sd(a) gene was shown in cells where this gene was expressed. By contrast, there was significant hypermethylation of the Sd(a) gene promoter in cells that did not express the gene. A specific methylation profile in the Sd(a) gene CpG island was demonstrated in KATO III gastric cancer cells. In colon cancer cells with the hypermethylated Sd(a) gene promoter, treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, resulted in demethylation of the promoter region and substantially induced the expression of the Sd(a) gene and the Sd(a) antigenic structure. These results strongly suggest that promoter DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of the Sd(a) beta4GalNAcT-II gene and Sd(a) antigen expression.
Afterword (1991)

Although Dickens's novels are discussed in chronological order, I began and continued my readings with the conscious intention of constructing no master narrative of Dickens's development, either in terms of theme or artistic practice. What I wanted to focus upon and to document was the synchronic relation of individual texts with their particular moment of history, their absolutely up-to-the-minute involvement with the ongoing discourse of class, rather than any internal continuities from one to another. Having this aim in mind, I tried to approach all the texts — Dickens's and the various journals — as nearly as possible without preconceptions; to let coincidences of their imagery, language choices and issues alert me to the common ideological struggles and debate sited in them all as a response to material events in the world. Only when I was writing the penultimate chapter did I begin to realize that I was, after all, telling a story. However, this narrative is not intrinsic to Dickens's fiction; it is simply the narrative of social change inscribed, inevitably, in the discourses of the time. What is traced is the elaboration of increasingly sophisticated mechanisms of interpellative control, in response to the changing needs of capitalist organization.
Multiplex amplification of all coding sequences within 10 cancer genes by Gene-Collector (2007)

Herein we present Gene-Collector, a method for multiplex amplification of nucleic acids. The procedure has been employed to successfully amplify the coding sequence of 10 human cancer genes in one assay with uniform abundance of the final products. Amplification is initiated by a multiplex PCR in this case with 170 primer pairs. Each PCR product is then specifically circularized by ligation on a Collector probe capable of juxtapositioning only the perfectly matched cognate primer pairs. Any amplification artifacts typically associated with multiplex PCR derived from the use of many primer pairs such as false amplicons, primer-dimers etc. are not circularized and degraded by exonuclease treatment. Circular DNA molecules are then further enriched by randomly primed rolling circle replication. Amplification was successful for 90% of the targeted amplicons as seen by hybridization to a custom resequencing DNA micro-array. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that 96% of the amplification products were all within 4-fold of the average abundance. Gene-Collector has utility for numerous applications such as high throughput resequencing, SNP analyses, and pathogen detection.
Cardiac fibroblasts are essential for the adaptive response of the murine heart to pressure overload (2009)

Fibroblasts, which are the most numerous cell type in the heart, interact with cardiomyocytes in vitro and affect their function; however, they are considered to play a secondary role in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Here we have shown that cardiac fibroblasts are essential for the protective and hypertrophic myocardial responses to pressure overload in vivo in mice. Haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor-encoding gene Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) suppressed cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy elicited by moderate-intensity pressure overload, whereas cardiomyocyte-specific Klf5 deletion did not alter the hypertrophic responses. By contrast, cardiac fibroblast-specific Klf5 deletion ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, indicating that KLF5 in fibroblasts is important for the response to pressure overload and that cardiac fibroblasts are required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. High-intensity pressure overload caused severe heart failure and early death in mice with Klf5-null fibroblasts. KLF5 transactivated Igf1 in cardiac fibroblasts, and IGF-1 subsequently acted in a paracrine fashion to induce hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. Igf1 induction was essential for cardioprotective responses, as administration of a peptide inhibitor of IGF-1 severely exacerbated heart failure induced by high-intensity pressure overload. Thus, cardiac fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the myocardial adaptive response to pressure overload, and this role is partly controlled by KLF5. Modulation of cardiac fibroblast function may provide a novel strategy for treating heart failure, with KLF5 serving as an attractive target.
Real time eye gaze tracking with Kinect (2016)

Traditional gaze tracking systems rely on explicit infrared lights and high resolution cameras to achieve high performance and robustness. These systems, however, require complex setup and thus are restricted in lab research and hard to apply in practice. In this paper, we propose to perform gaze tracking with a consumer level depth sensor (Kinect). Leveraging on Kinect's capability to obtain 3D coordinates, we propose an efficient model-based gaze tracking system. We first build a unified 3D eye model to relate gaze directions and eye features (pupil center, eyeball center, cornea center) through subject-dependent eye parameters. A personal calibration framework is further proposed to estimate the subject-dependent eye parameters. Finally we can perform real time gaze tracking given the 3D coordinates of eye features from Kinect and the subject-dependent eye parameters from personal calibration procedure. Experimental results with 6 subjects prove the effectiveness of the proposed 3D eye model and the personal calibration framework. Furthermore, the gaze tracking system is able to work in real time (20 fps) and with low resolution eye images.
Charge Transport through Self-Assembled Monolayers of Compounds of Interest in Molecular Electronics (2002)

The electrical properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces have been explored for a series of molecules to address the relation between the behavior of a molecule and its structure. We probed interfacial electron transfer processes, particularly those involving unoccupied states, of SAMs of thiolates or arylates on Au by using shear force-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) combined with current−voltage (i − V) and current−distance (i − d) measurements. The i − V curves of hexadecanethiol in the low bias regime were symmetric around 0 V and the current increased exponentially with V at high bias voltage. Different than hexadecanethiol, reversible peak-shaped i − V characteristics were obtained for most of the nitro-based oligo(phenylene ethynylene) SAMs studied here, indicating that part of the conduction mechanism of these junctions involved resonance tunneling. These reversible peaked i − V curves, often described as a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect of the junction, can be used to define a threshold tip bias, V TH, for resonant conduction. We also found that for all of the SAMs studied here, the current decreased with increasing distance, d, between tip and substrate. The attenuation factor β of hexadecanethiol was high, ranging from 1.3 to 1.4 Å-1, and was nearly independent of the tip bias. The β-values for nitro-based molecules were low and depended strongly on the tip bias, ranging from 0.15 Å-1 for tetranitro oligo(phenylene ethynylene) thiol, VII, to 0.50 Å-1 for dinitro oligo(phenylene) thiol, VI, at a −3.0 V tip bias. Both the V TH and β values of these nitro-based SAMs were also strongly dependent on the structures of the molecules, e.g. the number of electroactive substituent groups on the central benzene, the molecular wire backbone, the anchoring linkage, and the headgroup. We also observed charge storage on nitro-based molecules. For a SAM of the dintro compound, V, ∼25% of charge collected in the negative scan is stored in the molecules and can be collected at positive voltages. A possible mechanism involving lateral electron hopping is proposed to explain this phenomenon.