gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and thermodynamics of DNA hybridization on gold nanoparticles (2009)

Hybridization of single-stranded DNA immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into double stranded DNA and its subsequent dissociation into ssDNA were investigated. Melting curves and rates of dissociation and hybridization were measured using fluorescence detection based on hybridization-induced fluorescence change. Two distribution functions, namely the state distribution and the rate distribution, were proposed in order to take interfacial heterogeneity into account and to quantitatively analyze the data. Reaction and activation enthalpies and entropies of DNA hybridization and dissociation on GNPs were derived and compared with the same quantities in solution. Our results show that the interaction between GNPs and DNA reduces the energetic barrier and accelerates the dissociation of adhered DNA. At low surface densities of ssDNA adhered to GNP surface, the primary reaction pathway is that ssDNA in solution first adsorbs onto the GNP, and then diffuses along the surface until hybridizing with an immobilized DNA. We also found that the secondary structure of a DNA hairpin inhibits the interaction between GNPs and DNA and enhances the stability of the DNA hairpin adhered to GNPs.
Development of an immunoassay for serum caveolin-1: a novel biomarker for prostate cancer. (2003)

Our results indicate that serum cav-1 has the power to differentiate between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and the potential to be an important biomarker for prostate cancer. Additional studies to test the potential of serum cav-1 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in prostate cancer are warranted.
Hepatocyte growth factor is a potent angiogenic factor which stimulates endothelial cell motility and growth. (1992)

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor) is a powerful mitogen or motility factor in different cells, acting through the tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the MET protooncogene. Endothelial cells express the MET gene and expose at the cell surface the mature protein (p190MET) made of a 50 kD (alpha) subunit disulfide linked to a 145-kD (beta) subunit. HGF binding to endothelial cells identifies two sites with different affinities. The higher affinity binding site (Kd = 0.35 nM) corresponds to the p190MET receptor. Sub-nanomolar concentrations of HGF, but not of a recombinant inactive precursor, stimulate the receptor kinase activity, cell proliferation and motility. HGF induces repairs of a wound in endothelial cell monolayer. HGF stimulates the scatter of endothelial cells grown on three-dimensional collagen gels, inducing an elongated phenotype. In the rabbit cornea, highly purified HGF promotes neovascularization at sub-nanomolar concentrations. HGF lacks activities related to hemostasis-thrombosis, inflammation and endothelial cells accessory functions. These data show that HGF is an in vivo potent angiogenic factor and in vitro induces endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate.
Comparison of the biologic effects of two recombinant human interferons alpha (rA and rD) in humans. (1984)

IFN-alpha (rD) was investigated to determine the relationship between antiviral activity in vitro and the modulation of biologic effects in vivo. Eight patients with malignancy were given 15 and 45 micrograms weekly injections of IFN-alpha (rA) and IFN-alpha (rD). The frequency of side effects was much lower with IFN-alpha (rD) injections. This was objectively documented both in incidence of side effects (20 versus 45, p less than 0.01) and mean maximum temperature (1 degree C lower with IFN-alpha (rD), p less than 0.002). A bovine cell line, MDBK, was used to measure interferon concentrations in the serum. Geometric mean peak titers and time-to-peak titers were similar with the two recombinant interferon preparations. Although IFN-alpha (rD) has relatively less antiviral activity on human cells, its effect on the total granulocyte count, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and 2'5'-A activity was comparable to IFN-alpha (rA). Mean NK cell percent specific 51Cr release was enhanced by both interferons (after 15 micrograms doses, mean percent NK cell cytotoxicity IFN-alpha (rD) preinjection, 10.5% +/- 2.3%; post-injection, 27.2% +/- 4.5%; IFN-alpha (rA), preinjection, 14.4% +/- 3.2%, postinjection, 25.1% +/- 5%). Species-specific antiviral activity of an interferon does not necessarily predict other biologic properties following in vivo administration.
Characterization of the region encoding the CO-induced hydrogenase of Rhodospirillum rubrum (1996)

In the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) induces expression of several proteins. These include carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and a CO-tolerant hydrogenase. Together these enzymes catalyze the following conversion: CO + H2O --> CO2 + H2. This system enables R. rubrum to grow in the dark on CO as the sole energy source. Expression of this system has been shown previously to be regulated at the transcriptional level by CO. We have now identified the remainder of the CO-regulated genes encoded in a contiguous region of the R. rubrum genome. These genes, cooMKLXU, apparently encode proteins related to the function of the CO-induced hydrogenase. As seen before with the gene for the large subunit of the CO-induced hydrogenase (cooH), most of the proteins predicted by these additional genes show significant sequence similarity to subunits of Escherichia coli hydrogenase 3. In addition, all of the newly identified coo gene products show similarity to subunits of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (energy-conserving NADH dehydrogenase I) from various eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. We have found that dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase I (also called complex I), inhibits the CO-induced hydrogenase as well. We also show that expression of the cooMKLXUH operon is regulated by CO and the transcriptional activator CooA in a manner similar to that of the cooFSCTJ operon that encodes the subunits of CODH and related proteins.
Venocclusive Disease of the Liver after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Diagnosis, Incidence, and Predisposing Factors (1984)

Venocclusive disease (VOD) of the liver, a fibrous obliteration of small hepatic venules, can be caused by chemoradiation therapy. We reviewed 255 consecutive patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for malignancy during 1978 to 1980 in order to determine the incidence of VOD and the predisposing factors. Fifty-three of 255 patients met our criteria for VOD, for an incidence of 21%. Multivariate analysis showed that the most significant risk factors for VOD were age over 15, an underlying malignancy other than acute lymphocytic leukemia and hepatitis prior to transplantation. Patients with hepatitis had a 3.4-fold risk of developing VOD, as compared to patients with normal SGOT values (p = 0.0004). Hepatitis in this setting is probably of non-A, non-B viral etiology and represents a relative contraindication to marrow transplantation because of enhanced toxicity from conditioning chemoradiotherapy.
The Role of Apoptosis in the Resolution of T Cell-Mediated Cutaneous Inflammation (1998)

We have investigated cutaneous purified protein derivative-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in healthy volunteers to determine features associated with both the generation and resolution of the reaction. The clinical peak of the response occurred at day 3; however, T cell numbers were maximal on day 7. There was a preferential increase of CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells on day 7, which was largely due to proliferation, since a mean of 19% was in cycle. The proliferation of this subset was associated with the presence of IL-15, which was expressed as early as 12 h, and IL-2, which showed peak expression at 7 days. By day 14, there was a significant decrease in both the mean T cell number/unit area and IL-2 and IL-15 expression in perivascular infiltrates. Maximal CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) ligand and TNF-alpha expression were observed at 7 days and were associated with the presence of 1.83% (range 0.81-2.48%) apoptotic T cells. At 14 days, CD95 ligand and TNF-alpha expression were reduced significantly, and the presence of 2.5% (range 1.5-3.75%) of apoptotic T cells at this time was probably due to cytokine deprivation, associated with decreased Bcl-2 relative to Bax expression. The induction and resolution of the Mantoux reaction may depend on the expression of cytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-15, which regulate both proliferation and apoptosis in T cells. Failure to control either of these phases of the Mantoux reaction may contribute to the chronicity of inflammatory responses in certain cutaneous diseases.
Esophago-rectal reflex. Description and clinical significance. (1993)

The present communication describes the "esophago-rectal reflex" and its clinical significance. The study was performed in 19 healthy volunteers and 14 constipated subjects. The technique comprised the introduction into the esophagus of a balloon-tipped tube so that the balloon lay within the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The rectal and rectal neck pressures were measured by means of perfused open-ended tubes. The esophageal balloon was inflated with 2, 4 and 6 ml water and the responses of the rectal and rectal neck pressures were recorded. Distension of the LES was accompanied by significant rectal pressure increase (P < 0.001); the pressure increased with increasing LES distension. Anesthetized LES mucosa did not evoke the rectal pressure response. The rectal neck pressure did not show significant change with LES distension (P > 0.05). Both the rectal and rectal neck pressures showed insignificant response to LES distension in constipated subjects (P > 0.05). The esophago-rectal reflex seems to be conducted through the myenteric plexus from the esophagus down along the gut wall to the rectum, initiating rectal contractions. It is likely that these signals alarm the rectum for the entrance of new contents in the gut so that the rectum may evacuate its contents.
Changing incidence of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States (2002)

There have been changes in the demographic groups impacted by NHL. The trends for human immunodeficiency virus probably are related to recent decreases in NHL incidence among males aged 25-54 years. The rate change in the older white population is unexplained but represents both an alleviation of the burden of NHL in this population and a potential opportunity to generate hypotheses regarding risk factors for the development of NHL.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Mesoparticulate LiMnPO[sub 4] for Lithium Ion Batteries (2006)

was synthesized using a sol-gel method and tested as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. After calcination at temperatures between 520 and particle sizes in the range of were achieved. Subsequent dry ballmilling reduced the diameter to . Reversible capacities of at C/100 and at C/10 were measured. At 92 and 79% of the theoretical values, respectively, these are the highest values reported to data for this material. At faster charging rates, the electrochemical performance was found to be improved when smaller particles were used.
Measurement of IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by antigen-binding assay, using a partially purified fraction of mite extract (F4P1). (1978)

An extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus culture has been fractionated by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and Pevikon block electrophoresis to obtain a partially purified allergen (F4P1). This preparation has a molecular weight of between 15--25,000 Dalton, migrates slowly on electrophoresis, and is colourless in solution. The skin-test reactivity of F1P1 was comparable to that of crude D. pteronyssinus extract. F4P1 was radio-labelled with 125I and used in an antigen-binding radioimmunoassay to measure IgG, IgA and IgE antibody (ab) to D. pteronyssinus. IgG, ab was detected in serum from 32/34 (94%) mite-allergic persons, and from 10/31 (30%) nonallergic persons. IgA ab and IgE ab were found in sera from 22/34 (65%) and 37/34 (79%) allergic persons respectively. Neither IgA nor IgE ab could be detected in sera from non-allergic persons. An excellent correlation was found between radioallergo-sorbent technique (RAST), using crude D. pteronyssinus extract and IgE-binding activity (BA) for F4P1, (r=0.94, P less than 0.001). The antigen-binding assay for IgE BA was as sensitive as RAST, but less sensitive than PK testing. There was a very good quantitative correlation between IgG BA and IgE BA (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001). IgG BA was shown to rise in the serum of three patients treated with injections of D. pteronyssinus extract.
Common Variation in Genes Related to Innate Immunity and Risk of Adult Glioma (2009)

Current evidence suggests that immune system alterations contribute to the etiology of adult glioma, the most common adult brain tumor. Although previous studies have focused on variation in candidate genes in the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system has emerged as a critical avenue for research given its known link with carcinogenesis. To identify genetic markers in pathways critical to innate immunity, we conducted an association study of 551 glioma cases and 865 matched controls of European ancestry to investigate "tag" single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 148 genetic regions. Two independent U.S. case-control studies included were as follows: a hospital-based study conducted by the National Cancer Institute (263 cases, 330 controls) and a community-based study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (288 cases, 535 controls). Tag SNPs (1,397) chosen on the basis of an r(2) of >0.8 and minor allele frequency of >5% in Caucasians in HapMap1 were genotyped. Glioma risk was estimated by odds ratios. Nine SNPs distributed across eight genetic regions (ALOX5, IRAK3, ITGB2, NCF2, NFKB1, SELP, SOD1, and STAT1) were associated with risk of glioma with P value of <0.01. Although these associations were no longer statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, the associations were notably consistent in both studies. Region-based tests were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for SELP, SOD, and ALOX5. Analyses restricted to glioblastoma (n = 254) yielded significant associations for the SELP, DEFB126/127, SERPINI1, and LY96 genetic regions. We have identified a promising set of innate immunity-related genetic regions for further investigation.
Comparative Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive vs Open Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

Men undergoing MIRP vs RRP experienced shorter length of stay, fewer respiratory and miscellaneous surgical complications and strictures, and similar postoperative use of additional cancer therapies but experienced more genitourinary complications, incontinence, and erectile dysfunction.
Electrospun Biodegradable Nanofibrous Mats for Tissue Engineering (2008)

All scaffolds prepared by electrospinning have implied significant potential for use in further studies leading to bone tissue engineering applications. The PHBV-PLLA blend appeared to yield the best results regarding cell number increase, their attachment and spreading inside and on the scaffold.
Instant to Instant Reflex Cardiac Regulation (1976)

The mechanical activation of localized regions of the vena cava, atria, ventricles, or thoracic aorta reflexly initiate preganglionic and postganglionic efferent sympathetic traffic in cardiac nerves. This traffic responds to altered cardio-dynamics. On the other hand, efferent vagal traffic in cardiac nerves is directly modified only by carotid and pulmonary artery mechanics. Afferent stimulation of cardiac nerves elicits reflex activation of preganglionic and postganglionic cardiac sympathetic efferents from 20 to 300 msec after the stimulus. These cardio-cardiac reflexes involve afferents travelling via the sympathetics or vagi. The modulation of cardiac parasympathetic or sympathetic efferent traffic throughout each cardiac cycle indicates not only the highly localized nature of the cardio-cardiac and vascular-cardiac reflexes, but also their rapid adaptability, and the presence of positive as well as negative feedback mechanisms.
Caveolin-1 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Down-Regulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cell Lines (2009)

The cav1 may act as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human panceatic carcinoma, and this effect may be related with the inhibition of EGFR-MAPK signal cascade.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenolysis of Alkanes. Part 6. Modification of Supported Ruthenium Catalysts by Vanadium Pentaoxide. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-time H.264/AVC codec on intel architectures (2005)

The impressive coding efficiency of H.264-AVC comes at the expense of significantly increased algorithm complexity compared to existing standards, which has limited the availability of cost-effective, high-performance solutions. We present a design overview and implementation details of the compliant code optimized for the Intel/sup /spl reg// Pentium/sup /spl reg//4 Pentium/sup /spl reg//M and Xscale/spl trade/ microarchitectures, including results for encoder rate-distortion performance and encoder/decoder execution speed on the above processors. These results demonstrate that high-quality, real-time H.264/AVC recording and playback are achievable on today's PC (desktop and notebook) platforms and that real-time playback on handheld (mobile phone/portable media player) platforms can also be achieved, with both implemented as optimized software for these general-purpose processor architectures.
Studies on Seven-membered Ring Compounds. IV (1962)

5-Hydroxycyclohepta [b] pyrrol-6 (1H)-one derivatives, a compound with fused tropolone and pyrrole rings, were prepared by the use of Fischer's indole synthesis. 5-Hydrazinotropolone was not obtained from 5-aminotropolone but 5-tropolonylhydrazone derivatives (IIa-d) were obtained in one step by the use of Japp-Klingemann method. Heating with sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol was found to effect concurrent cyclization and ester exchange with the solvent ethylene glycol. By this means, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) carbonyl-5-hydroxycyclohepta [b] pyrrol-6 (1H)-one (IIIa) and 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) carbonyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxycyclohepta [b] pyrrol-6 (1H)-one (IIIb) were respectively obtained from ethyl pyruvate 5-tropolonylhydrazone (IIa) and ethyl 2-oxo-butyrate 5-tropolonylhydrazone (IIb). 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxycyclo-hepta [b] pyrrol-6 (1H)-one (V), obtained by hydrolysis of (IIIb) followed by esterification, was reacted with diazomethane and formed a dimethyl compound (VI), whose structure was assumed to be 1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-5-methoxy-cyclo-hepta [b] pyrrol-6 (1H)-one (VIa) or its isomer (VIb).
Intracellular mRNA Regulation with Self-Assembled Locked Nucleic Acid Polymer Nanoparticles (2014)

We present an untemplated, single-component antisense oligonucleotide delivery system capable of regulating mRNA abundance in live human cells. While most approaches to nucleic acid delivery rely on secondary carriers and complex multicomponent charge-neutralizing formulations, we demonstrate efficient delivery using a simple locked nucleic acid (LNA)-polymer conjugate that assembles into spherical micellar nanoparticles displaying a dense shell of nucleic acid at the surface. Cellular uptake of soft LNA nanoparticles occurs rapidly within minutes as evidenced by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, these LNA nanoparticles knockdown survivin mRNA, an established target for cancer therapy, in a sequence-specific fashion as analyzed by RT-PCR.
The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling module as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies. (2003)

Important insights into the cellular and molecular biology of cancer in general and of hematologic malignancies in particular have been gained in the past two decades. The genes, and their protein products, involved in the transformation of cells from normal to neoplastic, as well as in the progression of neoplastic cells to a more aggressive, therapy-resistant phenotype, are being elucidated in great detail. However, most hematologic malignancies, particularly adult acute leukemias, remain associated with high mortality rates and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The challenge is therefore to carefully and efficiently translate the information gained into effective therapeutic strategies. The clinical success achieved by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ST1571 in chronic myelogenous leukemia, has stimulated interest for kinase-based signaling pathways as therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common point of convergence of many different mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signal transduction pathways in hematopoietic, as well as epithelial, cancer cells and can now be clinically targeted by highly selective small molecule inhibitors. The mounting preclinical evidence of anti-leukemic activity of MAPK inhibitors, alone or in combination with pro-apoptotic small molecules or with conventional chemotherapeutic agents provides rationale that MAPK inhibition-based treatment strategies could soon enrich our therapeutic armamentarium against human leukemias.
Suppression of mouse melanoma metastasis by EA-1, a monoclonal antibody specific for alpha 6 integrins. (1993)

The rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) termed EA-1 was originally selected for its capacity to block the adhesion of T lymphocyte progenitors to mouse thymic endothelium. Here we show that the mAb EA-1 recognizes the alpha 6 chain of alpha 6 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4 integrins. Both molecules are present at a high level on the luminal and basolateral side of vascular endothelium and alpha 6 beta 1 integrin is expressed on the highly metastatic cell lines B16/129 (melanoma) and KLN-205 (carcinoma). These lung specific tumors bind preferentially to lung frozen sections, and EA-1 blocked this interaction in vitro. Moreover, mAb EA-1 inhibited experimental metastasis to the lung of B16/129 cells injected intravenously. Metastasis in vivo was blocked when the antibody was injected into mice before or simultaneously with the melanoma cells, as well as when melanoma cells were precoated with EA-1 before injection. We suggest that alpha 6 integrins play a dual role in the metastatic process, mediating the adhesion of tumor cells to the luminal surface of the endothelium and the adhesion to laminin in the subendothelial extracellular matrix during extravasation. Despite the fact that alpha 6 integrins are laminin receptors, EA-1 did not interfere with melanoma cell binding to laminin fragments. Our antibody EA-1 may therefore recognize a binding domain on alpha 6 integrins of a novel ligand involved in cell-cell interaction.