gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NON-CONTACT SURFACE WAVE SCANNING OF PAVEMENTS USING A ROLLING MICROPHONE ARRAY (2008)

We present experiments with a rolling multichannel microphone array where measurements can be taken continuously while moving. Leaky air‐coupled surface waves are measured with ordinary non‐directional audio microphones. Results show that microphones can be successfully used to produce a realistic phase velocity spectrum even while moving along the surface. The paper presents some theoretical background along with initial experimental results using the moving microphone array.
Pointless tainting? (2009)

This paper evaluates pointer tainting, an incarnation of Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT), which has recently become an important technique in system security. Pointer tainting has been used for two main purposes: detection of privacy-breaching malware (e.g., trojan keyloggers obtaining the characters typed by a user), and detection of memory corruption attacks against non-control data (e.g., a buffer overflow that modifies a user's privilege level). In both of these cases the attacker does not modify control data such as stored branch targets, so the control flow of the target program does not change. Phrased differently, in terms of instructions executed, the program behaves 'normally'. As a result, these attacks are exceedingly difficult to detect. Pointer tainting is considered one of the onlymethods for detecting them in unmodified binaries. Unfortunately, almost all of the incarnations of pointer tainting are flawed. In particular, we demonstrate that the application of pointer tainting to the detection of keyloggers and other privacybreaching malware is problematic. We also discuss whether pointer tainting is able to reliably detect memory corruption attacks against non-control data. Pointer tainting generates itself the conditions for false positives. We analyse the problems in detail and investigate various ways to improve the technique. Most have serious drawbacks in that they are either impractical (and incur many false positives still), and/or cripple the technique's ability to detect attacks. In conclusion, we argue that depending on architecture and operating system, pointer tainting may have some value in detecting memory orruption attacks (albeit with false negatives and not on the popular x86 architecture), but it is fundamentally not suitable for automated detecting of privacy-breaching malware such as keyloggers.
Programmable femtosecond pulse shaping and processing (2001)

Summary form old given. The field of femtosecond pulse shaping, in which Fourier synthesis methods are used to generate nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical waveforms according to user specification, will be reviewed. An emphasis is placed on programmable pulse shaping methods based on the use of spatial light modulators. After the fundamental principles of pulse shaping are outlined, examples of pulse shaping using several different types of spatial light modulators will be described. Applications of pulse shaping will be illustrated by drawing on experimental results in fields ranging from quantum control to optical communications. Finally, some new research directions in pulse shaping and in ultrafast optical signal processing based on nonlinear extensions of pulse shaping will be described.
Molecular characterization of clustered variants of genes encoding major surface antigens of human Pneumocystis carinii (1994)

A 13-kb genomic fragment from human Pneumocystis carinii was cloned as repetitive DNA. The fragment contains a cluster of three related genes, each 3 kb in size, and the 5' end of a fourth gene. The predicted polypeptide of the first gene in the cluster comprises 1,030 amino acid residues with a total molecular mass of 116 kDa. The gene's predicted amino acid sequence bears 32% identity to predicted sequences of recently described gene fragments of ferret P. carinii, which encode an immunodominant surface glycoprotein (gpA) (P. J. Haidaris, T. W. Wright, F. Gigliotti, and C. G. Haidaris, J. Infect. Dis. 166:1113-1123, 1992), and 36% identity to the predicted sequence of a rat P. carinii major surface glycoprotein gene (msg) (J. A. Kovacs, F. Powell, J. C. Edman, B. Lundgren, A. Martinez, B. Drew, and C. W. Angus, J. Biol. Chem. 268:6034-6040). DNA hybridization showed that sequences related to the cloned msg genes reside on at least 12 chromosomes of human P. carinii at various degrees of multiplicity and/or homology. Affinity-purified antibodies with specificity to a fusion protein made from the human P. carinii msgI gene recognized two bands on a Western immunoblot containing total human P. carinii protein; they also recognized fusion proteins derived from the other two genes of the cluster. Monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to Msg of human P. carinii recognized fusion proteins produced from two msg genes. Fusion proteins were also recognized by sera from healthy humans and from patients. The msg genes are candidates for the development of immunotherapy and subunit vaccines for the treatment and prevention of P. carinii pneumonia.
Detection and quantitation of LDL subfractions (1992)

A number of procedures are available for analysis and quantitation of the multiple discrete subclasses of LDL in human plasma. In view of the differing relationships of these subclasses to coronary artery disease risk, LDL subclass analysis augments information provided by standard measurements of total LDL cholesterol.
Bayesian Estimation and Control of Detailing Effort in a Repeat Purchase Diffusion Environment (1981)

This paper develops a model and an associated estimation procedure to forecast and control the rate of sales for a new product. A repeat-purchase diffusion model is developed, incorporating the effect of marketing variables—detailing force effects in particular—as well as a word-of-mouth effect. Bayesian estimation, with priors developed from past products is used to estimate and update the parameters of the model. The procedure is used to develop marketing policies for new product introduction.
Tumor-Specific Gene Delivery Using Recombinant Vaccinia Virus in a Rabbit Model of Liver Metastases (1999)

Tumor-specific gene delivery is possible after systemic injection of a thymidine kinase-negative vaccinia virus vector in a model of rabbit liver metastases. Although the period of transgene expression appears limited because of a rapid immune response, the therapeutic window might be sufficient for an enzyme/prodrug gene therapy approach in clinical application.
A Controlled Study of Alprazolam and Propranolol in (1991)

We studied the efficacy of propranolol (Inderal) compared to alprazolam (Xanax) in 29 patients with a diagnosis of agoraphobia with panic disorder or panic disorder with or without limited phobic avoidance in a 6-week double-blind controlled experiment. Alprazolam is effective in those syndromes, whereas to date only negative or ambiguous results had been reported for propranolol. Fourteen patients received a mean daily dose of 5.0 +/- 2.3 mg of alprazolam and 15 patients received 182.0 +/- 60.5 mg mean daily dose of propranolol. We found both drugs to be effective to suppress panic attacks and reduce avoidance behavior. The only significant between-drug difference was a more rapid onset of alprazolam's panicolytic effect. Propranolol merits further study. We suggest patients worthy of a clinical trial.
Effects of thermal processes after silicidation on the performance of TiSi/sub 2//polysilicon gate device (1999)

The effects of thermal processes after silicidation on the gate depletion, threshold voltage (V/sub th/) shift, drive current, and sheet resistance of TiSi/sub 2//polysilicon (Ti-polycide) gate devices are evaluated. The dopant depletion of the polysilicon film, which is known to increase the V/sub th/ and to degrade the drive-current, increases with increasing temperature of the post-thermal process. However, the V/sub th/ roll-off characteristic in nMOSFETs is enhanced with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the drive-current is significantly degraded by the gate reoxidation process. The sheet resistance of the Ti-polycide gate increases with gate reoxidation as well as with increased post-thermal processes.
New Lithium Chalcogenidotetrelates, LiChT: Synthesis and Characterization of the Li+-Conducting Tetralithium ortho-Sulfidostannate Li4SnS4 (2012)

A new lithium chalcogenidotetrelate, denoted as LiChT phase, with the elemental combination Li/Sn/S was synthesized as solvent-free and solvent-containing salts. We present and discuss syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and thermal properties of the phases, as well as the Li+ ion conductivity of Li4SnS4, which is formally related to the thio-LISICON parent system Li4GeS4, and thus represents the first member of a new thiostannate-LISICON family. The solvent-free title compound shows a very promising Li+ ion conductivity of 7 × 10–5 S·cm–1 at 20 °C and 3 × 10–3 S·cm–1 at 100 °C, which is exceptionally high for a ternary compound. Activation energies for the lithium ion transport measured via impedance spectroscopy (0.41 eV) correlate reasonably well with the values (0.29 to 0.33 eV) deduced from ionic mobility studies by 7Li solid-state NMR spectroscopy. NMR two-time correlation functions suggest the occurrence of an additional, geometrically more restricted, ultra-slow-motional process down to 121 K.
Independent and Parallel Recruitment of Preexisting Mechanisms Underlying C 4 Photosynthesis (2011)

C₄ photosynthesis allows increased photosynthetic efficiency because carbon dioxide (CO₂) is concentrated around the key enzyme RuBisCO. Leaves of C₄ plants exhibit modified biochemistry, cell biology, and leaf development, but despite this complexity, C₄ photosynthesis has evolved independently in at least 45 lineages of plants. We found that two independent lineages of C₄ plant, whose last common ancestor predates the divergence of monocotyledons and dicotyledons about 180 million years ago, show conserved mechanisms controlling the expression of genes important for release of CO(2) around RuBisCO in bundle sheath (BS) cells. Orthologous genes from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous C₃ species also contained conserved regulatory elements that conferred BS specificity when placed into C₄ species. We conclude that these conserved functional genetic elements likely facilitated the repeated evolution of C₄ photosynthesis.
Shape-Switching Microrobots for Medical Applications: The Influence of Shape in Drug Delivery and Locomotion (2015)

The effect of dynamic shape switching of hydrogel bilayers on the performance of self-folding microrobots is investigated for navigation in body orifices and drug release on demand. Tubular microrobots are fabricated by coupling a thermoresponsive hydrogel nanocomposite with a poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) layer, to achieve spontaneous and reversible folding from a planar rectangular structure. Graphene oxide (GO) or silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in the thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix to provide near-infrared (NIR) light sensitivity or magnetic actuation, respectively. The NIR light-responsive microstructures are fabricated for triggered drug delivery while magnetic nanocomposite-based microrobots are used to analyze the role of shape in locomotion. Experimental analysis and computational simulations of tubular structures show that drug release and motility can be optimized through controlled shape change. These concepts are finally applied to helical microrobots to show a possible way to achieve autonomous behavior.
Prospects for human papillomavirus vaccine development (1998)

This review concentrates on recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccine development. Strategies for prophylactic HPV subunit vaccines utilizing recombinantly synthesized, immunogenic virus-like particles are discussed. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the induction of cell-mediated immunity and gene manipulation for the treatment of established HPV-associated disease are also reviewed.
The Septin 9 (MSF) gene is amplified and overexpressed in mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas and human breast cancer cell lines. (2003)

The expression of polyomavirus middle T antigen under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in transgenic mice results in the induction of aggressive mammary gland adenocarcinomas at an early age. We screened 26 tumors for chromosomal aneuploidies using SKY and CGH. In 70% of the tumor samples we could detect high-level copy number gains, which mapped to chromosome band 11E2, a region orthologous to human 17q25.3. We then identified a bacterial artificial chromosome clone that labeled double-minute chromosomes found in the tumor metaphases. This bacterial artificial chromosome clone showed sequence homology to a member of the septin gene family. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a consistently increased expression of septin 9 (Sept9), not only in polyomavirus middle T antigen-induced, but in a wide variety of mouse models of breast cancer. Six of 9 human tumor cell lines also revealed elevated expression levels of Sept9. The family of septin genes is involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including cytokinesis in yeast and vesicle transport, and possesses GTPase activity. We identified down-regulation of Thsp1- and Bax-regulated apoptotic response in those tumors with Sept9 overexpression, an effect that could be reversed by inhibiting Sept9 expression using transfection with small interference RNA. Our results now suggest that signaling via members of the septin family plays a novel and common role in breast tumorigenesis.
Possible cofactors for the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. (1990)

Because of the various neoplastic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the variable period between HIV infection and the development of tumors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it is possible that certain behaviors, toxins, genes, or infectious agents--particularly viruses--may act as cofactors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related neoplasms. Most epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of possible cofactors have been directed toward Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), by far the most common AIDS-related tumor and one closely associated with male homosexual lifestyle in the U.S. Nonetheless, epidemiologic investigations of putative associations have not demonstrated any clear association between KS and particular viruses. Furthermore, laboratory investigations, both serologic and molecular/genetic, have failed to definitively implicate as cofactors for KS these viruses: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses, pathogenic human papillomaviruses, or human herpes virus type 6. Investigations of a suggested association between EBV and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's (B cell) lymphomas (NHLs) have also been inconclusive. However, HIV may act as a cofactor in accelerating the development of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, viral or other cofactors have not been definitely identified as cofactors in AIDS-related tumors.
Electroporation at elevated temperatures substantially improves transformation efficiency of slow-growing mycobacteria (1996)

The effects of electroporation temperature, biochemical pretreatment of cells and stage of culture on electroporation efficiency for slow-growing mycobacteria were investigated. The efficiency of transformation into Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium intracellulare increased markedly with temperature. In contrast, the efficiency of transformation into Mycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing species, was higher at 0 degree C and decreased with temperature. While stage of culture had little effect, a further increase in efficiency of 2-4-fold was obtained following glycine or ethionamide pretreatment. Electroporation at 37 degrees C has been chosen as a standard condition for slow-growing species as it usually resulted in a transformation efficiency several orders of magnitude higher than that obtained at 0 degree C.
Similarity Match in Time Series Streams under Dynamic Time Warping Distance (2008)

Time series streams have very wide applications in recent years, more and more scenarios need similarity match in time series streams and it becomes a hot research topic. Due to the fast online arrival and time-critical characteristics, the similarity measure should support handling the variable lengths sequence pairs. Dynamic Time Warping distance suits the request. But it has the disadvantage of high computation time and space cost. We use shortest DTW path algorithm to solve stream monitoring problem. Theoretical analysis shows this method is superior to the Brute Force method in time and space complexity.
Homeostatic Action of Adenosine A3and A1Receptor Agonists on Proliferation of Hematopoietic Precursor Cells (2008)

Two adenosine receptor agonists, N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), which selectively activate adenosine A3 and A1 receptors, respectively, were tested for their ability to influence proliferation of granulocytic and erythroid cells in femoral bone marrow of mice using morphological criteria. Agonists were given intraperitoneally to mice in repeated isomolar doses of 200 nmol/kg. Three variants of experiments were performed to investigate the action of the agonists under normal resting state of mice and in phases of cell depletion and subsequent regeneration after treatment with the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil. In the case of granulopoiesis, IB-MECA 1) increased by a moderate but significant level proliferation of cells under normal resting state; 2) strongly increased proliferation of cells in the cell depletion phase; but 3) did not influence cell proliferation in the regeneration phase. CPA did not influence cell proliferation under normal resting state and in the cell depletion phase, but strongly suppressed the overshooting cell proliferation in the regeneration phase. The stimulatory effect of IB-MECA on cell proliferation of erythroid cells was observed only when this agonist was administered during the cell depletion phase. CPA did not modulate erythroid proliferation in any of the functional states investigated, probably due to the lower demand for cell production as compared with granulopoiesis. The results indicate opposite effects of the two adenosine receptor agonists on proliferation of hematopoietic cells and suggest the plasticity and homeostatic role of the adenosine receptor expression.
Treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy (2018)

Ferric carboxymaltose infusion corrects iron deficiency or various degrees of iron deficiency anemia efficaciously and safely pregnant women, and does not cause hemoconcentration.
Sequences on the 3' side of hexanucleotide AAUAAA affect efficiency of cleavage at the polyadenylation site. (1984)

The hexanucleotide AAUAAA has been demonstrated to be part of the signal for cleavage and polyadenylation at appropriate sites on eucaryotic mRNA precursors. Since this sequence is not unique to polyadenylation sites, it cannot be the entire signal for the cleavage event. We have extended the definition of the polyadenylation cleavage signal by examining the cleavage event at the site of polyadenylation for the simian virus 40 late mRNAs. Using viable mutants, we have determined that deletion of sequences between 3 and 60 nucleotides on the 3' side of the AAUAAA decreases the efficiency of utilization of the normal polyadenylation site. These data strongly indicate a second major element of the polyadenylation signal. The phenotype of these deletion mutants is an enrichment of viral late transcripts longer than the normally polyadenylated RNA in infected cells. These extended transcripts appear to have an increased half-life due to the less efficient cleavage at the normal polyadenylation site. The enriched levels of extended transcripts in cells infected with the deletion mutants allowed us to examine regions of the late transcript which normally are difficult to study. The extended transcripts have several discrete 3' ends which we have analyzed in relation to polyadenylation and other RNA processing events. Two of these ends map to nucleotides 2794 and 2848, which lie within a region of extensive secondary structure which marks the putative processing signal for the formation of the simian virus 40-associated small RNA. A third specific 3' end reveals a cryptic polyadenylation site at approximately nucleotides 2980 to 2985, more than 300 nucleotides beyond the normal polyadenylation site. This site appears to be utilized only in mutants with debilitated normal sites. The significance of sequences on the 3' side of an AAUAAA for efficient polyadenylation at a specific site is discussed.
Virus-Assisted Mapping of Neural Inputs to a Feeding Center in the Hypothalamus (2001)

We report the development of a pseudorabies virus that can be used for retrograde tracing from selected neurons. This virus encodes a green fluorescent protein marker and replicates only in neurons that express the Cre recombinase and in neurons in synaptic contact with the originally infected cells. The virus was injected into the arcuate nucleus of mice that express Cre only in those neurons that express neuropeptide Y or the leptin receptor. Sectioning of the brains revealed that these neurons receive inputs from neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala, cortex, and other brain regions. These data suggest that higher cortical centers modulate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. This method of neural tracing may prove useful in studies of other complex neural circuits.
Antigenic heterogeneity of the attachment protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (1994)

A panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the attachment (G) glycoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRS virus), recognizing seven antigenic areas on the G protein, was used to determine the antigenic heterogeneity among 19 BRS viruses isolated over a 20 year period from various parts of the world. The pattern of reactivity of the isolates, as determined by ELISA, identified two major subgroups of BRSV. This finding was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation of the G protein by the MAbs and was also demonstrated using polyclonal sera obtained from calves hyperimmunized with BRS virus strains from each subgroup. The subgroups could also be differentiated by differences in the apparent M(r) of the fusion (F) glycoprotein and its cleavage products. The apparent M(r)s of the F0, F1 and F2 polypeptides were 73K, 46K and 17K for subgroup A strains and 77K, 46K and 23K for subgroup B strains. These studies provide evidence for two major lineages of BRS virus, similar to the situation with human RS virus.
Nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (2018)

A nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) using aminoacetonitrile as the cyanating agent is described. This catalytic system delivered the desired products in moderate to good yields with good substrate compatibility. The readily available starting materials, cost-effective nickel catalyst and metal-free cyanating agent are the major features of the present method.