gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Synthesis of Bicycles with Fused Pyrrole, Indole, Oxazole, and Imidazole Rings (2004)

Reactions of benzotriazol-1-yl(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methanone 10 and benzotriazol-1-yl(1H-indol-2-yl)methanone 11 with diverse ketones, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates in the presence of base afforded pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-1-ones 1, oxazolo[3,4-a]indol-1-ones 2, pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles 3, and imidazo[1,5-a]indoles 4 by a simple one-step procedure.
Survival of Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 (2013)

Long-term survival outcome is determined by the choice of the treatment. NRA and TV can prolong survival, with NRA showing a lower survival probability at ages 24 and 48 months.
A state queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances (2005)

Summary form only given. This paper develops a state queueing model to analyze the price response of aggregated loads consisting of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs). Assuming a perfectly diversified bad before the price response, we show that TCA setpoint changes in response to the market price will result in a redistribution of TCAs in on/off states and therefore change the probabilities for a unit to reside in each state. A randomly distributed load can be partially synchronized and the aggregated diversity lost. The loss of the load diversity can then create unexpected dynamics in the aggregated load profile. Raising issues such as restoring load diversity and damping the peak loads are also addressed in the paper.
A Unified Form of Exact-MSR Codes via Product-Matrix Frameworks (2014)

Regenerating codes represent a class of block codes applicable for distributed storage systems. The [n, k, d] regenerating code has data recovery capability while possessing arbitrary k out of n code fragments, and supports the capability for code fragment regeneration through the use of other arbitrary d fragments, for k ≤ d ≤ n - 1. Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes are a subset of regenerating codes containing the minimal size of each code fragment. The first explicit construction of MSR codes that can perform exact regeneration (named exact-MSR codes) for d ≥ 2k - 2 has been presented via a product-matrix framework. This paper addresses some of the practical issues on the construction of exact-MSR codes. The major contributions of this paper include as follows. A new product-matrix framework is proposed to directly include all feasible exact-MSR codes for d ≥ 2k - 2. The mechanism for a systematic version of exact-MSR code is proposed to minimize the computational complexities for the process of message-symbol remapping. Two practical forms of encoding matrices are presented to reduce the size of the finite field.
Mask Industry Assessment: 2010 (2010)

A survey created supported by SEMATECH and administered by David Powell Consulting was sent to microelectronics industry leaders to gather information about the mask industry as an objective assessment of its overall condition. The survey was designed with the input of semiconductor company mask technologists and merchant mask suppliers. This year's assessment is the ninth in the current series of annual reports. With ongoing industry support, the report can be used as a baseline to gain perspective on the technical and business status of the mask and microelectronics industries. It will continue to serve as a valuable reference to identify the strengths and opportunities of the mask industry. The results will be used to guide future investments pertaining to critical path issues. This year's survey was basically the same as the 2005 through 2009 surveys. Questions are grouped into categories: General Business Profile Information, Data Processing, Yields and Yield Loss Mechanisms, Delivery Times, Returns, and Services. Within each category are multiple questions that result in a detailed profile of both the business and technical status of the critical mask industry. This profile combined with the responses to past surveys represents a comprehensive view of changes in the industry.
Porous Media Reconstruction Using a Cross-Section Image and Multiple-Point Geostatistics (2009)

Multiple-point geostatistics has been proved to be a powerful tool to capture curvilinear structures or complex features in training images. The three-dimensional reconstruction of porous media is of great significance to the research of mechanisms of fluid flow in porous media. A method using a cross-section image and multiple-point geostatistics to reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of porous media is proposed. A cross-section image of porous media with the resolution of micron is used as an original training image. Using multiple-point geostatistics and extracted sample points, each reconstructed image is taken as a new training image to reconstruct its next layer. Stacking all the reconstructed layers successively, a three-dimensional image of porous media is generated. This method is tested on the three-dimensional reconstruction of sandstone. The structures of porous media reconstructed through this method are similar to those of real volume data obtained by micro-CT scanning.
Complete Regression of Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma With Reduced Expression of Glutathione S-Transferase-π by Treatment With Continuous Infusion of 5-Fluorouracil and Low-Dose Cisplatin Infusion (1999)

The mortality rate of recurrent esophageal carcinoma remains high because of its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We present a patient with recurrent esophageal carcinoma, which dramatically disappeared after treatment with the combination of continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and low-dose cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-II (cisplatin) infusion (FP therapy). Furthermore, we immunohistologically found that glutathione S-transferases (GST)-π, a marker of resistance to cisplatin, was faintly expressed both in the endoscopical biopsy specimens of recurrent tumor and in the resected specimens of esophageal carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes. FP therapy was suggested to be effective for recurrent esophageal carcinoma. Immunostaining for GST-π might be a prospective marker for the sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma to FP therapy, particularly cisplatin.
Production of Interleukin-12 as a Self-Processing 2A Polypeptide (1999)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits (p40 and p35) encoded by separate genes. We used the apparent autocleavage property of a 2A peptide from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to express bovine (Bo) IL-12 as a self-processing polypeptide (p402Ap35). We demonstrate that 2A will mediate the cleavage of p402Ap35 into two separate subunits in a manner similar to that observed during the processing of the FMDV polypeptide. Furthermore, this 2A polypeptide encoded a functional heterodimer, which elicited activities associated with IL-12 in other species. We propose that this strategy of self-processing polypeptides may be used in many applications where the coordinated and stoichiometric expression of complex proteins is required.
Identification of metabolites of the cell-differentiating agent hexamethylene bisacetamide in humans. (1986)

Hexamethylene bisacetamide, a compound which in vitro induces differentiation in a wide variety of human and animal cancer cell lines, is being investigated in phase I clinical trials. After i.v. administration of hexamethylene bisacetamide to humans, urine contained the parent compound and at least five metabolites formed by deacetylation and oxidation pathways. Identification of urinary metabolites was accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis after isolation by ion exchange chromatography or extraction with ethyl acetate. Metabolites with amino or alcohol groups were trifluoroacetylated and acidic functional groups were esterified with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or methanol. The structure of each metabolite was confirmed by comparison with authentic standards. Metabolites identified included the major metabolite, 6-acetamidohexanoic acid; the monodeacetylated product, N-acetyl-1,6-diaminohexane; the bis-deacetylated diamine, 1,6-diaminohexane; and the amino acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid and its lactam, caprolactam.
Efektywność produkcji mleka w gospodarstwach należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka w 2005 roku (2007)

Wyniki badań zamieszczone w opracowaniu dotyczą problematyki efektywności produkcji mleka w gospodarstwach należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka. Dane do badań uzyskano z Raportu EDF – 2006. Analizy danych dokonano przy użyciu metody DEA, a w celu nadania badanym gospodarstwom rang posłużono się metodą DEA EMS (Efficiency Measurement System).
Object programming with Visual Basic 4 (1996)

Currently there are more than 500,000 programmers worldwide who use Visual Basic and Microsoft Office to develop applications. This is a great book for beginner and intermediate Visual Basic programmers and an excellent training guide for in-house corporate developers. The tutorial/reference focuses on automating objects--mostly Office 95 objects--from Visual Basic for Windows 95.
Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. (1989)

A cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) is secreted by Th2 clones in response to Con A or antigen stimulation, but is absent in supernatants from Con A-induced Th1 clones. CSIF can inhibit the production of IL-2, IL-3, lymphotoxin (LT)/TNF, IFN-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) by Th1 cells responding to antigen and APC, but Th2 cytokine synthesis is not significantly affected. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) also inhibits IFN-gamma production, although less effectively than CSIF, whereas IL-2 and IL-4 partially antagonize the activity of CSIF. CSIF inhibition of cytokine synthesis is not complete, since early cytokine synthesis (before 8 h) is not significantly affected, whereas later synthesis is strongly inhibited. In the presence of CSIF, IFN-gamma mRNA levels are reduced slightly at 8, and strongly at 12 h after stimulation. Inhibition of cytokine expression by CSIF is not due to a general reduction in Th1 cell viability, since actin mRNA levels were not reduced, and proliferation of antigen-stimulated cells in response to IL-2, was unaffected. Biochemical characterization, mAbs, and recombinant or purified cytokines showed that CSIF is distinct from IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, TGF-beta, TNF, LT, and P40. The potential role of CSIF in crossregulation of Th1 and Th2 responses is discussed.
PGG-Glucans (1991)

PGG represents a novel class of genetically engineered, yeast derived, carbohydrate activators of early non-specific host defenses. The primary structure of PGG has been optimized for enhanced macrophage stimulating properties via β-glucan receptors found on monocytes and neutrophils. Compositional and structural analyses have shown that PGG is a β(1-3)/β(1-6) linked glucose polymer with a unique branching structure. The altered primary structure of the PGG polymer affects its spacial conformation which in turn increases its avidity for the β-glucan receptor as compared to naturally occurring β-glucans. Activation of monocytes and neutrophils through the β-glucan receptor results in the balanced and rapid amplification of host immune defenses involving a cascade of interactions mediated by the release of monocyte-derived products. PGG treated animals show increased levels of monocyte and neutrophil phagocytic activity and increased protection against a wide variety of pathogenic challenges. An intravenous (iv) injection of 20 µg/animal of soluble PGG (Betafectin, Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc.) 4-5 hours prior to challenge with 1x107 CFU/animal of E. coli or S. aureus significantly reduced mortality as compared to saline treated control groups. These results suggest that PGG, produced as a soluble, highly purified, nonpyrogenic and nonantigenic carbohydrate solution for intravenous/intramuscular (iv/im) administration maybe useful for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
C-terminal Loop Mutations Determine Folding and Secretion Properties of PCSK9 (2016)

Human genetics and pharmacologic clinical intervention demonstrate the key role of PCSK9 in cholesterol regulation. To understand the role of the C-terminal domain of PCSK9, two human mutations in this region (S462P and A522T PCSK9) have been profiled. Confirming and extending previous observations, S462P and WT PCSK9 bind to LDLR with equivalent affinity; however, while S462P PCSK9 cleavage is unaffected, its secretion is defective, and association with the ER protein-folding sensor calreticulin, increased. In a similar manner, A522T PCSK9 also exhibits defective secretion and an enhanced association with calreticulin. To assess the in vivo lipid phenotype of the S462P and A522T PCSK9 mutations, Pcsk9-/- mice were infected with AAV8’s encoding the different variants. Although liver transcript levels for all were equivalent, circulating levels of S462P PCSK9, and to a lesser degree A522T PCSK9, were reduced relative to WT PCSK9 correlating with the in vitro phenotype. Further, the extent of reduced circulating S462P or A522T PCSK9 correlated well with increases in mouse liver LDLR and reductions of LDL/ total cholesterol. When interpreted within the context of molecular modeling, it appears that the human non-synonymous polymorphisms S462P and A522T destabilize the C-terminal domain of PCSK9 impacting folding and secretion.
Acute Sporadic Hepatitis E in Sudanese Children: Analysis Based on a New Western Blot Assay (1992)

A newly developed Western blot assay for antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) was used to evaluate 39 cases of acute pediatric hepatitis and 39 control patients in Khartoum, Sudan. The mean age of cases was 6.5 years (range, 2-14); 64% were male. Acute hepatitis A (IgM anti-HAV-positive) was diagnosed in 13 cases, acute hepatitis B (IgM anti-HBc-positive) in 1, and acute hepatitis E (positive for IgM anti-HEV) in 23 (59%). None of the cases with IgM anti-HAV or IgM anti-HBc had IgM anti-HEV; 3 controls had IgM anti-HEV. Acute hepatitis E was associated with recent contact with a family member or acquaintance with jaundice and the presence of indoor plumbing. The newly developed hepatitis E assay appeared to be specific for the diagnosis of acute icteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis E was found to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in an urban area of Africa.
“掌握学习”论的大师——这位七十三岁、服饰整肃的老学者毅然挑起破除成规,革新美国教育的担子 (1988)

你现在在干什么?一位女朋友问我。我回答说:我正在写一篇有关本杰明·布卢姆的文章。呵,是他,那个摧毁美国教育的人。她说道。他是摧毁美国教育的人吗?我们是否在谈论同一个人?她是否指那位芝加哥大学教育学荣誉教授、西北大学教育学教授和国际教育成绩评价协会的创建者之一?他的名字不是与最受欢迎的教育卓见,包括强调学生认真工作时间、教育目的和掌握学习等学说相联系的吗?她谈的是不是那位本杰明·布
Electronic stabilization of nucleophilic carbenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic stabilization of nucleophilic carbenesAnthony J. Arduengo III, H. V. Rasika Dias, Richard L. Harlow, and Michael KlineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5530–5534Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views14278Altmetric-Citations942LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (677 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In Vivo and in Vitro Function of theEscherichia coli Periplasmic Cysteine Oxidoreductase DsbG (1999)

We have characterized in vivo and in vitro the recently identified DsbG from Escherichia coli. In addition to sharing sequence homology with the thiol disulfide exchange protein DsbC, DsbG likewise was shown to form a stable periplasmic dimer, and it displays an equilibrium constant with glutathione comparable with DsbA and DsbC. DsbG was found to be expressed at approximately 25% the level of DsbC. In contrast to earlier results (Andersen, C. L., Matthey-Dupraz, A., Missiakas, D., and Raina, S. (1997) Mol. Microbiol. 26, 121-132), we showed that dsbG is not essential for growth and that dsbG null mutants display no defect in folding of multiple disulfide-containing heterologous proteins. Overexpression of DsbG, however, was able to restore the ability of dsbC mutants to express heterologous multidisulfide proteins, namely bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, a protein with three disulfides, and to a lesser extent, mouse urokinase (12 disulfides). As in DsbC, the putative active site thiols in DsbG are completely reduced in vivo in a dsbD-dependent fashion, as would be expected if DsbG is acting as a disulfide isomerase or reductase. However, the latter is not likely because DsbG could not catalyze insulin reduction in vitro. Overall, our results indicate that DsbG functions primarily as a periplasmic disulfide isomerase with a narrower substrate specificity than DsbC.
Magnetically Labeled Secretin Retains Receptor Affinity to Pancreas Acinar Cells (1996)

Previously, we have developed a colloidal dextran-stabilized monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompound (MION-46) as a magnetic label for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In an effort to use this magnetic label to visualize pancreatic receptor function by MRI in vivo, we investigated the potential of secretin as a vector molecule. Secretin receptors, abundant on exocrine pancreas cells, recognize secretin through its amidated carboxyl terminal. In order to conjugate secretin to MION, we utilized the specific interaction between biotin and streptavidin, since direct conjugation of human secretin to MION has previously resulted in low yields and low affinity of the conjugate (unpublished results). Initially, we biotinylated the N-terminal primary amino group of secretin (60% yield). In a separate step, streptavidin (SA) was immobilized onto the surface dextran molecules of MION (79% yield) by reductive amination. Each secretin molecule was conjugated to one biotin molecule and each MION particle to an average of two SA molecules. The biotinylated secretin was then conjugated to MION through the biotin-streptavidin interaction (90% yield). The secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct thus contained approximately two secretin molecules per MION. An in vitro competitive binding assay of pancreatic acinar cells demonstrated that the magnetically labeled secretin retained affinity to the secretin receptors. In vivo distribution studies in rats showed a significantly higher pancreatic accumulation of the secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct as compared to the control group that had received unmodified MION. Our data indicate that bioactive peptides can be attached to dextran-coated iron oxide particles through the biotin-streptavidin interaction while retaining receptor affinity. Such target-specific agents have potential use in MR imaging to probe for a variety of receptor systems.
Dual-Reactive Surfactant Used for Synthesis of Functional Nanocapsules in Miniemulsion (2010)

Dual-functional amphiphilic block copolymers, alpha-azido-omega-2-chloroisobutyrate-poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(n-butyl methacrylate), prepared by atom-transfer radical polymerization were used as dual-reactive surfactants (i.e., macroinitiators for a miniemulsion copolymerization of a monovinyl monomer and divinyl cross-linker as well as surfactants with latent functionality). Because of the amphiphilic nature of the block copolymers used as surfactant/initiators, the polymerization was initiated at the oil-water interface, with polymer chains slowly growing inward in a controlled manner after activation by the catalyst. Polymeric nanocapsules with cross-linked shells and the latent azido functionality were obtained. Introduction of various degradable cross-linking agents into the system resulted in the formation of nanocapsules that were cleaved under specific conditions. The preserved latent alpha-terminal azido groups in the dual-reactive surfactant were utilized to attach a fluorescent dansyl probe and/or atom-transfer radical polymerization initiators to grow linear polymer chains forming an additional shell covalently connected to the nanocapsules.
Knotting of a DNA Chain During Ring Closure (1993)

The formation of knotted species on random ring closure of two DNAs that are 5.6 kilobase pairs (kbp) and 8.6 kbp in length was measured, and these data were used to calculate the effective DNA helix diameter as a function of sodium ion and magnesium ion concentration. In the presence of more than 50 mM magnesium ion, interactions between DNA segments appear to be attractive rather than repulsive. The free energy of formation of relaxed trefoil and figure-eight DNA knots and of supercoiled trefoil DNA knots was also evaluated.
Myocyte cellular hypertrophy is responsible for ventricular remodelling in the hypertrophied heart of middle aged individuals in the absence of cardiac failure (1994)

Myocyte cellular hypertrophy is responsible for ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive cardiomyopathy in its compensated stage. Myocyte loss precedes the impairment in ventricular pump function and may be implicated in the initiation of ventricular maladaptation.
216. Phthalocyanines. Part V. The molecular weight of magnesium phthalocyanine (1934)

R. P. Linstead and A. R. Lowe, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 1031 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340001031
Recombinant circle PCR and recombination PCR for site-specific mutagenesis without PCR product purification. (1992)

Two simple methods for site-specific mutagenesis are described and compared. In each method, the PCR is used in two separate amplifications to mutate the site of interest and to add ends to one PCR product that are homologous to the ends of the other PCR product. In the first method, the two products are combined, denatured and reannealed prior to transformation of E. coli in order to form recombinant circles in vitro, while in the second method, the two linear products are co-transfected directly into E. coli without prior manipulation, resulting in transformation of E. coli with the recombinant of interest by recombination in vivo. Each PCR amplification uses a plasmid template that has been linearized by restriction enzyme digestion outside the region to be amplified. This permits use of unpurified PCR products in these two protocols and generation of the mutant of interest with no other enzymatic manipulation in vitro apart from PCR amplification. In each protocol greater than or equal to 50% of the resulting clones contained the mutation of interest without detected errors.