gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of DNA with Different Configurations on Flat and Nanopatterned Surfaces (2006)

We demonstrate that electrophoresis on a flat Si substrate is an effective method in separation of DNA with different configurations, e.g., linear, supercoiled, and relaxed or DNA of different length, e.g., supercoiled DNA ladder. The surface separation arises from the different number of contacts due to the conformational differences between adsorbed DNA chains. Imposing a Au nanopattern on the Si surface further improves the separation effect. The simulation of electric field on this patterned surface by the finite element method shows that Au nanodots act as local pinning points for DNA segments due to dielectrophoretic force. The results of molecular dynamics simulation showed that the conformational differences between adsorbed polymer chains were amplified on the patterned surface and enhanced separations were achieved, which are consistent with the experimental results.
Construction of Drug Network Based on Side Effects and Its Application for Drug Repositioning (2014)

Drugs with similar side-effect profiles may share similar therapeutic properties through related mechanisms of action. In this study, a drug-drug network was constructed based on the similarities between their clinical side effects. The indications of a drug may be inferred by the enriched FDA-approved functions of its neighbouring drugs in the network. We systematically screened new indications for 1234 drugs with more than 2 network neighbours, 36.87% of the drugs achieved a performance score of Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain in the top 5 positions (NDCG@5) ≥ 0.7, which means most of the known FDA-approved indications were well predicted at the top 5 positions. In particular, drugs for diabetes, obesity, laxatives and antimycobacterials had extremely high performance with more than 80% of them achieving NDCG@5 ≥ 0.7. Additionally, by manually checking the predicted 1858 drug-indication pairs with Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer (EASE) score ≤ 10(-5) (EASE score is a rigorously modified Fisher exact test p value), we found that 80.73% of such pairs could be verified by preclinical/clinical studies or scientific literature. Furthermore, our method could be extended to predict drugs not covered in the network. We took 98 external drugs not covered in the network as the test sample set. Based on our similarity criteria using side effects, we identified 41 drugs with significant similarities to other drugs in the network. Among them, 36.59% of the drugs achieved NDCG@5 ≥ 0.7. In all of the 106 drug-indication pairs with an EASE score ≤ 0.05, 50.94% of them are supported by FDA approval or preclinical/clinical studies. In summary, our method which is based on the indications enriched by network neighbors may provide new clues for drug repositioning using side effects.
HTLV-III expression in infected lymph nodes and relevance to pathogenesis of lymphadenopathy. (1986)

In situ hybridization with a 35S-labeled probe of cryosections from 14 lymph nodes of HTLV-III/LAV-seropositive individuals with lymphadenopathy showed the presence of rare cells containing HTLV-III RNA at levels consistent with virus replication. Positive cells were observed at a frequency of only 1-10 per section. In all lymph nodes studied, including those showing follicular hyperplasia or involution, most of the cells expressing viral RNA were present in the follicular areas. Only a minority of such cells were found outside the follicles. The nature of the follicular, virus-replicating cells was not evident from the processed cryosections. After prolonged autoradiography, another pattern of hybridization was observed, suggesting low levels of viral RNA diffusely distributed throughout most, but not all, follicles. This may represent extracellular virus and/or virus-antibody complexes, but was not consistent with intracellular viral RNA or phagocytosed virus particles. Comparison of hybridization levels in relation to histology suggested a decrease in both the number of HTLV-III replicating cells as well as in the diffusely distributed viral RNA with progression of follicular involution. Our observations indicate that in HTLV-III-infected subjects, lymph node follicles are an important site of virus replication and trapping, suggesting a decisive role of the virus in the characteristic reactive and cytopathogenic changes of HTLV-III-associated lymphadenopathy.
Signal-Transduction Therapy. A Novel Approach to Disease Management (1994)

In the past decade it has become apparent that many diseases result from aberrations in signaling pathways. These include proliferative diseases such as cancers, atherosclerosis and psoriasis and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and tissue rejection. These findings refocused the research of the medical community to seek new modalities for disease management which essentially consist of designing drugs which intercept cell signaling. In this review, the emerging success in using tyrosine kinase blockers and other signal interceptors, such as protein kinase C blockers, Ras blockers, Ca2+ signaling inhibitors and estrogen antagonists which inhibit growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, will be discussed. These signal interceptors, especially tyrosine-kinase blockers, are also able to block inflammatory responses and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and psoriatic keratinocytes. The utility of signal interceptors in analyzing signal-transduction pathways is also discussed.
A gibberellin insensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (1985)

A dwarf mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was found to be less sensitive to applied gibberellins than the wild type, and this character was controlled by one partially‐dominant gene (denoted Gai) located on chromosome 1. This mutant resembled gibberellin‐deficient mutants since not only stem growth, but also apical dominanace and seed germination were reduced. However, in contrast to the latter mutants, gibberellin does not reverse these effects in the Gai mutant. The insensitivity of the mutant could be quantified in much more detail in the recombinant of this mutation with the GA deficient mutant ga‐1/ga‐1 . Endogenous gibberellins of the Gai mutant did not differ from the wild type either in quantity or composition. The data suggest that the gene controls a step involved in gibberellin action.
MView: a web-compatible database search or multiple alignment viewer. (1998)

brown@ebi.ac.uk
Room-temperature pressureless bonding with silver nanowire paste: towards organic electronic and heat-sensitive functional devices packaging (2012)

Heat-sensitive components packaging requires low temperature joining technology. The present study considers the feasibility of room-temperature pressureless joining of copper wires using silver nanowire paste. These joints achieve a tensile strength of 5.7 MPa and exhibit ultralow resistivity in the range of 101 nΩ m. An “in situ cleaning” action of PVP is proposed during the bonding process.
Novel disease targets and management approaches for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2010)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) responds well to treatment with CHOP and the R-CHOP regimen, but a subset of patients still fail to achieve complete or durable responses. Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of three different subtypes of DLBCL, and confirmed that patients with the activated B-cell (ABC) disease subtype are less likely to respond well to CHOP-based regimens than those with germinal centre B-cell-type (GCB) disease. This discovery could herald the use of gene expression profiling to aid treatment decisions in DLBCL, and help identify the most effective management strategies for patients. Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL are limited and several novel agents are being developed to address this unmet clinical need. Novel agents developed to treat plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma have shown promising activity in patients with NHL. Indeed, the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib, as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy, have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with the ABC subtype of DLBCL. One should not be complacent however when applying these agents to new disease types, because dose and drug scheduling can have marked effects on the responses achieved with investigational agents. As more targeted agents are developed, the timing of administration with other agents in clinical trials will become increasingly important to ensure maximal efficacy while minimizing side effects.
Combining multi-input single-output systems and multi-carrier systems: achieving transmit diversity, frequency diversity and directionality (2003)

We introduce a novel merger of multi-input single-output (MISO) systems and MC-CDMA (multi-carrier code division multiple access) systems. Here, each group of Q carriers in the N-carrier MC-CDMA system (Q<N) is applied to its own M-element smart antenna at the base station (BS). The smart antennas are separated by a distance that ensures signals generated by each smart antenna are independent (at the receiver). Applying proper time-varying phases to array elements of each smart antenna array, the beam pattern is carefully controlled to generate a mainlobe at the position of the intended user and small oscillations in the beam pattern. This beam pattern oscillation creates a time varying channel with a controllable coherence time and a time diversity benefit is available at a single antenna receiver. Employing MC-CDMA with the proposed antenna array at the BS, we achieve high performance at the mobile via joint frequency-time diversity, and high network capacity via joint space-code division multiple access.
Facile Preparation of Nucleoside-5‘-carboxylic Acids (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFacile Preparation of Nucleoside-5'-carboxylic AcidsJeffrey B. Epp and Theodore S. WidlanskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4001 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 1, 293–295Publication Date (Web):December 9, 1998Publication History Received7 July 1998Published online9 December 1998Published inissue 1 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981316ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981316gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7238Altmetric-Citations330LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Ethers,Nucleic acids,Oxidation,Salts Get e-Alerts
Perspectives on oncologic imaging with radiolabeled antibodies (1997)

BACKGROUND The contributions of nuclear imaging tests to the management of cancer are expanding, especially in terms of detection (staging and recurrence), diagnosis, and qualification of patients for certain forms of therapy, and particularly with regard to the tests' ability to identify tumors on a functional basis. METHODS This article is a selective review of the advances and clinical management applications of cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies (radioimmunodetection or immunoscintigraphy), with the objective of demonstrating how this new imaging technology can contribute to oncologic practice. The contribution of another functional imaging modality, positron emission tomography (PET), also is discussed. RESULTS Radioimmunodetection and PET imaging have shown particular management contributions in patients with colorectal, breast, or lung carcinoma, as well as in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Two antibody imaging agents, OncoScint and CEA-Scan, currently are available for the detection of colorectal carcinoma, and have shown particular application for disease staging and disclosure of occult lesions. Each of these agents has different characteristics and potential applications. Recent results with CEA-Scan in patients with mammary carcinoma suggest that it may be a useful complementary tool to screening mammography by adding very high specificity. In patients with lung carcinoma, technetium-99m-labeled NR-LU-10 antibody has been shown to be useful in preoperative staging. LymphoScan is under investigation as a staging agent and for revealing residual disease in patients with NHL; it also provides, with a different radioisotope attached and in a humanized antibody form, a therapeutic option for patients with NHL. Similar results can be shown for PET, but this method may not provide the specificity of an antibody-based functional imaging agent, although PET may have a higher lesion sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Both radioimmunodetection and PET provide new exciting opportunities for earlier and more sensitive functional imaging tests for cancer. In contrast to PET, antibody agents also can serve to qualify a patient as a candidate for an antibody-based therapy. Cancer 1997; 80:2431-5. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease (1993)

The temporal lobe is a well-documented area showing neuropathological and neurochemical changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy tissue was obtained from the superior temporal (Brodmann area 22) and the middle temporal (Brodmann area 21) regions of the cortex from patients with AD (n = 10; postmortem time < 13 hr) and age-matched control subjects (n = 10; postmortem time < 13 hr). Ultrastructural examination of the tissue revealed a highly significant AD-related decline in synaptic numbers in lamina III and V in both the superior and the middle temporal gyrus. Both normal control and AD tissue samples demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the number of synapses and the synapse size, as indexed by the length of the postsynaptic density. This change in synaptic size appears to compensate for the loss of synaptic numbers when viewed in terms of total synaptic contact area. Although the AD tissue showed an average 30% decline in synaptic numbers, the total synaptic contact area remained largely unchanged in both regions of the cortex. There were no significant correlations with age, postmortem time, or number of plaques observed in these areas. The loss of synaptic contacts in AD does not appear to be isolated to a particular cortical region or lamina.
Failure of Iniparib to Inhibit Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase In Vitro (2012)

While iniparib kills normal and neoplastic cells at high (>40 μmol/L) concentrations, its effects are unlikely to reflect PARP inhibition and should not be used to guide decisions about other PARP inhibitors.
Use of a new removable vena cava filter in order to prevent pulmonary emblism in patients submitted to thrombolysis (1990)

The authors present a removable vena cava filter that may be introduced percutaneously, is atraumatic to the venous wall, and permits the simultaneous use of thrombolytic therapy. Sixty-five patients were studied: 42 cases of pulmonary embolism with threatening venous thrombosis; 23 cases of phlebitis associated with an ilio-caval thrombus without pulmonary embolism. The filter was introduced 38 times femorally and 27 times by a jugular approach. In 16 cases (24.6%) clots broke loose, were effectively caught by the filter, and were progressively dissolved during thrombolytic therapy. The filter remained in place on average 4.5 +/- 1.2 days. The filter was removed in all cases without provoking the recurrence of pulmonary embolism. Two deaths, not related to pulmonary embolism, occurred during hospitalization. Phlebography, performed in all cases before and after treatment, showed a significant decrease of the phlebographic score (10.88 +/- 0.82 vs 6.77 +/- 0.86, P less than 0.001). The same was observed in 40 patients who underwent a pulmonary angiography before and after treatment (Miller index = 17.04 +/- 0.73 vs 5.49 +/- 0.87, P less than 0.0001). After removal of the filter, no sign of pulmonary embolism was detected on lung scan in the 23 patients with ilio-caval thrombus alone. More than 5 g (100 ml)-1 of haemoglobin was lost by 15.38% of patients. All patients were followed-up for a mean of 7.12 +/- 1.3 months; in no case was there any clinical recurrence of pulmonary embolism. Thus this device allows an effective temporary filtering of the vena cava.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Issues on short circuits in large on-chip power MOS-transistors using a modified checkerboard test structure (2002)

To control random quality deviation of large on-chip power MOS-transistors, we have developed a modified checkerboard test structure. Using this structure, the complete chip area is divided into distinguishable subchips, each containing one large area power MOS-transistor. The fast digital measurements and the precise localization of transistor short circuits guarantee a fast process classification and enable additional electrical and optical defect parameter extraction.
Ultraviolet luminescence of CsI and CsCl excited by soft x-ray laser (1997)

We present the observation of solid material luminescence excited by soft x-ray laser. The 21.2 nm photons of the soft x-ray laser of the Laboratoire d’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (Palaiseau, France) have been used to induce ultraviolet luminescence in CsCl and CsI. The laser supplied up to 6×1012 photons in 80 ps. A single laser shot was sufficient to obtain luminescence spectra with very good resolution. In the case of CsI, the use of two illumination conditions, differing by a factor 150 in intensity, showed the collapse of luminescence efficiency for very strong illumination. The quenching effect is discussed in terms of the large increase of crystal excitation mean density, altering the usual process of luminescence centers production.
Cryptography: A New Dimension in Computer Data Security--A Guide for the Design and Implementation of Secure Systems (1982)

Presents the theory and methodology for implementing a useable security system. Covers applications in the fields of data communications, data processing, and data storage.
Flow-focusing regimes for accelerated production of monodisperse drug-loadable microbubbles toward clinical-scale applications (2013)

Ultrasound imaging often calls for the injection of contrast agents, micron-sized bubbles which echo strongly in blood and help distinguish vascularized tissue. Such microbubbles are also being augmented for targeted drug delivery and gene therapy, by the addition of surface receptors and therapeutic payloads. Unfortunately, conventional production methods yield a polydisperse population, whose nonuniform resonance and drug-loading are less than ideal. An alternative technique, microfluidic flow-focusing, is able to produce highly monodisperse microbubbles with stabilizing lipid membranes and drug-carrying oil layers. However, the published 1 kHz production rate for these uniform drug bubbles is very low compared to conventional methods, and must be improved before clinical use can be practical. In this study, flow-focusing production of oil-layered lipid microbubbles was tested up to 300 kHz, with coalescence suppressed by high lipid concentrations or inclusion of Pluronic F68 surfactant in the lipid solution. The transition between geometry-controlled and dripping production regimes was analysed, and production scaling was found to be continuous, with a power trend of exponent ~5/12 similar to literature. Unlike prior studies with this trend, however, scaling curves here were found to be pressure-dependent, particularly at lower pressure-flow equilibria (e.g. <15 psi). Adjustments in oil flow rate were observed to have a similar effect, akin to a pressure change of 1-3 psi. This analysis and characterization of high-speed dual-layer bubble generation will enable more-predictive production control, at rates practical for in vivo or clinical use.
Rate Constants for the Reactions of OH with HFC-245cb (CH3CF2CF3) and Some Fluoroalkenes (CH2CHCF3, CH2CFCF3, CF2CFCF3, and CF2CF2) (1997)

The rate constant for the reaction of OH with HFC-245cb (CH3−CF2−CF3) was measured by the flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique over the temperature range 287−370 K in order to ascertain its atmospheric lifetime. Given the potential for trace levels of olefinic impurities to introduce errors into results of the rate constant measurements for low reactivity HFCs, considerable emphasis was placed on HFC purification and on demonstrating the utility of vacuum UV spectroscopy as a sensitive tool for detecting olefinic impurities in HFC samples. Measurements were also made of the OH rate constants for CH2CH−CF3, CH2CF−CF3, and CF2CF−CF3, over the temperature range 252−370 K, and for CF2CF2 at 298 K. Absorption spectra for the four fluoroalkenes as well as for ethene and propene were obtained from 160 to 220 nm.
Therapeutic suppression of translation initiation factor eIF4E expression reduces tumor growth without toxicity (2007)

Expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is commonly elevated in human and experimental cancers, promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Elevated eIF4E levels selectively increase translation of growth factors important in malignancy (e.g., VEGF, cyclin D1) and is thereby an attractive anticancer therapeutic target. Yet to date, no eIF4E-specific therapy has been developed. Herein we report development of eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to have the necessary tissue stability and nuclease resistance required for systemic anticancer therapy. In mammalian cultured cells, these ASOs specifically targeted the eIF4E mRNA for destruction, repressing expression of eIF4E-regulated proteins (e.g., VEGF, cyclin D1, survivin, c-myc, Bcl-2), inducing apoptosis, and preventing endothelial cells from forming vessel-like structures. Most importantly, intravenous ASO administration selectively and significantly reduced eIF4E expression in human tumor xenografts, significantly suppressing tumor growth. Because these ASOs also target murine eIF4E, we assessed the impact of eIF4E reduction in normal tissues. Despite reducing eIF4E levels by 80% in mouse liver, eIF4E-specific ASO administration did not affect body weight, organ weight, or liver transaminase levels, thereby providing the first in vivo evidence that cancers may be more susceptible to eIF4E inhibition than normal tissues. These data have prompted eIF4E-specific ASO clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers.
Childhood Vaccination and Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

These results do not support a causal relation between childhood vaccination and type 1 diabetes.