gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 is protective but downregulated in human and experimental lung fibrosis (2008)

Earlier work from this laboratory showed that local generation of angiotensin (ANG) II is required for the pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary fibrosis and that ANG peptides are expressed robustly in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) degrades the octapeptide ANG II to form the heptapeptide ANG1-7 and thereby limits ANG II accumulation. On this basis, we hypothesized that ACE-2 would be protective against experimental lung fibrogenesis and might be downregulated in human and experimental lung fibrosis. In lung biopsy specimens from patients with IPF, ACE-2 mRNA and enzyme activity were decreased by 92% (P<0.01) and 74% (P<0.05), respectively. ACE-2 mRNA and activity were also decreased similarly in the lungs of bleomycin-treated rats and C57-BL6 mice. In mice exposed to low doses of bleomycin, lung collagen accumulation was enhanced by intratracheal administration of either ACE-2-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or the peptide DX(600), a competitive inhibitor of ACE-2 (P<0.05). Administration of either ACE-2 siRNA or DX(600) significantly increased the ANG II content of mouse lung tissue above the level induced by bleomycin alone. Coadministration of the ANG II receptor antagonist saralasin blocked the DX(600)-induced increase in lung collagen. Moreover, purified recombinant human ACE-2, delivered to mice systemically by osmotic minipump, attenuated bleomycin-induced lung collagen accumulation. Together, these data show that ACE-2 mRNA and activity are severely downregulated in both human and experimental lung fibrosis and suggest that ACE-2 protects against lung fibrogenesis by limiting the local accumulation of the profibrotic peptide ANG II.
Cross-protection against influenza virus infection afforded by trivalent inactivated vaccines inoculated intranasally with cholera toxin B subunit (1992)

Cross-protection against influenza virus infection was examined in mice, immunized intranasally with a nasal site-restricted volume of inactivated vaccines together with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. The mice were challenged with either a small or a large volume of mouse-adapted virus suspension, each of which gave virgin mice either a predominant upper or lower respiratory tract infection. A single dose of a monovalent influenza A H3N2 virus vaccine with CTB provided complete cross-protection against the small-volume challenge with a drift virus within the same subtype, but a slight cross-protection against the large-volume challenge. A second dose of another drift virus vaccine increased the efficacy of cross-protection against the large-volume challenge. Similar cross-protection against H1N1, H3N2, or B type drift virus challenge was provided in the mice having received a primary dose of a mixture of H1N1, H3N2, and B virus vaccines with CTB and a second dose of another trivalent vaccine. The degree of cross-protection against the small- and the large-volume infection paralleled mainly the amount of cross-reacting IgA antibodies to challenge virus hemagglutinin in the nasal wash and that of cross-reacting IgG antibodies in the bronchoalveolar wash, respectively. On the other hand, in mice immunized subcutaneously with the trivalent vaccines having no cross-reacting IgA antibodies, the efficacy of cross-protection was not so high as that of nasal vaccination. These results suggest that the nasal inoculation of trivalent vaccines with CTB provides cross-protection against a broader range of viruses than does the current parenteral vaccination.
Effect of rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2on bleomycin-induced lung injury (2005)

Thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), are two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 on the lung injury caused by bleomycin administration. Mice subjected to intratracheal administration of bleomycin developed significant lung injury. An increase in immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as a significant loss of body weight and mortality was observed in the lung of bleomycin-treated mice. Administration of the two PPAR-gamma agonists rosiglitazone (10 mg x kg(-1) i.p.) and 15d-PGJ2 (30 microg x kg(-1) i.p.) significantly reduced the: 1) loss of body weight, 2) mortality rate, 3) infiltration of the lung with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (myeloperoxidase activity), 4) oedema formation, and 5) histological evidence of lung injury. Administration of rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 also markedly reduced the nitrotyrosine, PARP and inducible nitric oxide synthase formation. In addition, treatment with the PPAR-gamma antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (1 mg x kg(-1) i.p. 30 min before the rosiglitazone or 15d-PGJ2) significantly antagonised the effect of the two PPAR-gamma agonists. These results demonstrate that the two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, significantly reduce lung injury induced by bleomycin in mice.
Lhcb Transcription Is Coordinated with Cell Size and Chlorophyll Accumulation (Studies on Fluorescence-Activated, Cell-Sorter-Purified Single Cells from Wild-Type and immutans Arabidopsis thaliana) (1996)

Abstract To study the mechanisms that integrate pigment and chlorophyll a/b-binding apoprotein biosynthesis during light-harvesting complex II assembly, we have examined β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, and cell sizes in fluorescence-activated, cell-sorting-separated single cells from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and immutans variegation mutant plants that express an Lhcb (photosystem II chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide gene)/GUS promoter fusion. We found that GUS activities are positively correlated with chlorophyll content and cell size in green cells from the control and immutans plants, indicating that Lhcb gene transcription is coordinated with cell size in this species. Compared with the control plants, however, chlorophyll production is enhanced in the green cells of immutans; this may represent part of a strategy to maximize photosynthesis in the green sectors to compensate for a lack of photosynthesis in the white sectors of the mutant. Lhcb transcription is significantly higher in pure-white cells of the transgenic immutans plants than in pure-white cells from norflurazon-treated, photooxidized A. thaliana leaves. This suggests that immutans partially uncouples Lhcb transcription from its normal dependence on chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast development. We conclude that immutans may play a role in regulating Lhcb transcription, and may be a key component in the signal transduction pathways that control chloroplast biogenesis.
Social assessment and public participation in municipal solid waste management - toolkit (2004)

This toolkit provides guidance to central, municipal, and private sector agencies in conducting an social assessment (SA) and ensuring appropriate levels of public participation in the planning and implementation of a municipal solid waste management (MSWM) investment. The emphasis in the toolkit is on both developing countries and transitional economies. The guidance is directed at project managers responsible for ensuring quality in the design and implementation of solid waste management investments. The toolkit also is intended to provide guidance to social scientists and public participation professionals responsible for carrying out social analysis and/or public participation activities in MSWM.
Suture anchor strength revisited (1996)

The rapid proliferation of suture anchors continues. Our prior report on the pullout strength of 14 different anchors is supplemented by a similar test conducted on 8 additional anchors. Comparative data on modes of failure and failure strengths (ultimate loads to failure) for these new devices are compared statistically with the previously tested anchors. In a fresh never-frozen porcine femur model, 10 samples of each of the additional anchors tested were threaded with stainless steel sutures and inserted into three different test areas (diaphyseal cortex, metaphyseal cortex, and a cancellous trough). Tensile stress parallel to the axis of insertion was applied at a rate of 12.5 mm/s by an Instron 1321 testing machine (Instron Corp, Canton, MA) until failure and mean anchor failure strengths calculated. The anchors tested were the Mitek G2 as a control, miniMitek, Mitek Superanchor, Mitek Rotator Cuff anchor (Mitek Products, Westwood, MA), Innovasive Devices Radial Osteal Compression device (Innovasive Devices, Hopkinton, MA), Arthrex Fastak (Arthrex Inc, Naples, FL), Arthrotek miniHarpoon (Arthrotek, Warsaw, IN), Orthopedic Biosystems PeBA 3 and PeBA 5 (Orthopedic Biosystems, Scottsdale, AZ), and AME 5.5 screw (American Medical Electronics, Richardson, TX). Failure mode (anchor pullout, suture eyelet cut out, or wire breakage) was generally consistent for each anchor type. The size of insertion hole is clinically important and each anchor's performance was evaluated as a function of its minor diameter or drill hole. For screw anchors, the larger the minor diameter of the screw, the higher the mean failure strengths in all three test areas (P = .001). However, larger drill holes for non-screw anchors resulted in lower mean failure strengths in cancellous bone (P = .03) and diaphyseal cortex (P < .005).
Hive: distributed agents for networking things (2003)

Hive is a distributed agent platform, a decentralized system for building applications by networking local system resources. This paper presents the architecture of Hive, concentrating on the idea of an "ecology of distributed agents" and its implementation in a practical Java-based system. Hive provides ad-hoc agent interaction, ontologies of agent capabilities, mobile agents and a graphical interface to the distributed system. We are applying Hive to the problems of networking "Things That Think" (TTT), putting computation and communication in everyday places, such as your shoes, your kitchen or your own body. TTT shares the challenges and potentials of ubiquitous computing and embedded network applications. We have found that the flexibility of a distributed agent architecture is well suited for this application domain, enabling us to easily build applications and to reconfigure our systems on-the-fly. Hive enables us to make our environment and network more alive.
Isolation of a fibrin-binding fragment from blood coagulation factor XIII capable of cross-linking fibrin(ogen) (1988)

Purified platelet Factor XIII was radioiodinated and then partially degraded by thrombin or trypsin, and a fibrin-binding fragment was identified by autoradiography and immunoblotting following separation by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Limited proteolysis of 125I-Factor XIII by thrombin or trypsin produced an 125I-51 kDa fragment and an unlabelled 19 kDa fragment. The 51 kDa fragment was purified by h.p.l.c. on a TSK-125 gel-filtration column. Partial amino acid sequence analysis of the 51 kDa fragment indicated that it was similar in sequence to the Gly38-Lys513 segment in placental Factor XIII a-chain. More than 70% of the 51 kDa fragment bound to fibrin, whereas the 19 kDa fragment did not bind. The active site was localized to the 51 kDa fragment since this fragment expressed transglutaminase activity, cross-linked fibrin and fibrinogen and incorporated iodo[14C]acetamide into the active-site cysteine residue. Isolation of a fibrin-binding fragment expressing transglutaminase activity demonstrates that each a-chain of the dimeric Factor XIIIa could function independently to cross-link fibrin. The fibrin-binding site could play an important role in localizing Factor XIIIa to the fibrin clot.
Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools (2003)

The web resource Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools (RSAT) (http://rsat.ulb.ac.be/rsat) offers a collection of software tools dedicated to the prediction of regulatory sites in non-coding DNA sequences. These tools include sequence retrieval, pattern discovery, pattern matching, genome-scale pattern matching, feature-map drawing, random sequence generation and other utilities. Alternative formats are supported for the representation of regulatory motifs (strings or position-specific scoring matrices) and several algorithms are proposed for pattern discovery. RSAT currently holds >100 fully sequenced genomes and these data are regularly updated from GenBank.
The use of ultrasonics for characterising fats and emulsions (1988)

Ultrasonics has not found widespread use in the food industry, despite having considerable potential for characterising food materials. This is due to the complexity and diversity of food materials, the lack of suitable instrumentation and a poor understanding of how&#13;\nultrasound interacts with many food components. In this work it is shown how a good appreciation of the theories describing ultrasonic propagation in heterogeneous materials, coupled with careful experimental design, leads to many new applications of ultrasonics for characterising fats and emulsions. Ultrasonic measurements were made using either a pulse echo technique (1-10MHz), or a pulse echo interferometric technique (5-55MHz).&#13;\n&#13;\nThe ultrasonic velocities of a series of 0-30% w/w glyceride/oil mixtures and some commercial fats were measured with varying temperature (0-70°C) at 1MHz. Ultrasonic scattering was not important in these systems and so empirical equations or simple (SFC) theoretical formulae could be used to relate the measured velocities to the solid fat contents (SFC) of the samples. There were very significant correlations between the SFCs determined using ultrasonics and those determined using pulsed NMR (r &gt; 0.99), and so ultrasonics should prove a useful adjunct or alternative to NMR. Velocity measurements also proved useful for characterising vegetable oils since the velocity of an oil could be related to its glyceride composition.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of a series of sunflower oil and water emulsions mean were measured with varying frequency (1-55MHz) mean, droplet size (0.1-0.9μm), disperse phase mass fraction (0-0.5) and emulsion type (0/W and W/O). Scattering was significant in these emulsions and could be used to measure their disperse phase mass fractions and particle size distributions. Ultrasonics has important advantages over existing techniques for this type of measurement since it can be used in emulsions which are optically opaque, in a non-intrusive, non-invasive manner.
Cell Adhesion and Migration Properties of β2-Integrin Negative Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes on Defined Extracellular Matrix Molecules (2001)

Regulated adhesion of leukocytes to the extracellular matrix is essential for transmigration of blood vessels and subsequent migration into the stroma of inflamed tissues. Although beta(2)-integrins play an indisputable role in adhesion of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) to endothelium, we show here that beta(1)- and beta(3)-integrins but not beta(2)-integrin are essential for the adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix molecules of the endothelial cell basement membrane and subjacent interstitial matrix. Mouse wild type and beta(2)-integrin null PMN and the progranulocytic cell line 32DC13 were employed in in vitro adhesion and migration assays using extracellular matrix molecules expressed at sites of extravasation in vivo, in particular the endothelial cell laminins 8 and 10. Wild type and beta(2)-integrin null PMN showed the same pattern of ECM binding, indicating that beta(2)-integrins do not mediate specific adhesion of PMN to the extracellular matrix molecules tested; binding was observed to the interstitial matrix molecules, fibronectin and vitronectin, via integrins alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(3), respectively; to laminin 10 via alpha(6)beta(1); but not to laminins 1, 2, and 8, collagen type I and IV, perlecan, or tenascin-C. PMN binding to laminins 1, 2, and 8 could not be induced despite surface expression of functionally active integrin alpha(6)beta(1), a major laminin receptor, demonstrating that expression of alpha(6)beta(1) alone is insufficient for ligand binding and suggesting the involvement of accessory factors. Nevertheless, laminins 1, 8, and 10 supported PMN migration, indicating that differential cellular signaling via laminins is independent of the extent of adhesion. The data demonstrate that adhesive and nonadhesive interactions with components of the endothelial cell basement membrane and subjacent interstitium play decisive roles in controlling PMN movement into sites of inflammation and illustrate that beta(2)-integrins are not essential for such interactions.
Estimation of occlusion and dense motion fields in a bidirectional bayesian framework (2002)

This paper presents new MRF (Markov random field) models in a bidirectional Bayesian framework for accurate motion and occlusion field estimation. With careful selection of the five free parameters required by the models, good experimental results have been obtained. The resultant computational speed is also 5.5 times faster compared with the conventional "iterated conditional mode" relaxation using the proposed fast bidirectional relaxation.
Iterative solution of linear systems (1992)

Recent advances in the field of iterative methods for solving large linear systems are reviewed. The main focus is on developments in the area of conjugate gradient-type algorithms and Krylov subspace methods for nonHermitian matrices.
Gene Expression Analysis of Endometrium Reveals Progesterone Resistance and Candidate Susceptibility Genes in Women with Endometriosis (2007)

The identification of molecular differences in the endometrium of women with endometriosis is an important step toward understanding the pathogenesis of this condition and toward developing novel strategies for the treatment of associated infertility and pain. In this study, we conducted global gene expression analysis of endometrium from women with and without moderate/severe stage endometriosis and compared the gene expression signatures across various phases of the menstrual cycle. The transcriptome analysis revealed molecular dysregulation of the proliferative-to-secretory transition in endometrium of women with endometriosis. Paralleled gene expression analysis of endometrial specimens obtained during the early secretory phase demonstrated a signature of enhanced cellular survival and persistent expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cellular mitosis in the setting of endometriosis. Comparative gene expression analysis of progesterone-regulated genes in secretory phase endometrium confirmed the observation of attenuated progesterone response. Additionally, interesting candidate susceptibility genes were identified that may be associated with this disorder, including FOXO1A, MIG6, and CYP26A1. Collectively these findings provide a framework for further investigations on causality and mechanisms underlying attenuated progesterone response in endometrium of women with endometriosis.
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Analysis of Collagen Arrangement in Human Cornea (2015)

By using SHG imaging, the horizontal arrangement of corneal collagen bundles was elucidated at different depths and focal regions of the human cornea.
Induction of the estrogen receptor by growth hormone and glucocorticoid substitution in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes (1993)

Hepatic estrogen receptors (ER) mediate estrogenic effects on mammalian liver metabolism and are thereby involved in the regulation of important physiological/pathological processes, such as coagulation, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The regulation of the formation of the ER in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes was studied by assaying ER and ER mRNA under different endocrine conditions. The ER concentration was measured using two different methods, a ligand-binding technique and an ER enzyme immunoassay. The results obtained by the two methods showed good correlation, and linear regression analysis gave a correlation coefficient of 0.95. ER concentrations fell to low steady state levels within 16 h after establishing the cell culture and remained low in the absence of hormonal substitution. Upon medium supplementation with pituitary GH and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) in combination, the ER concentration increased 6-fold from 4.2 +/- 1.0 to 25.8 +/- 7.0 fmol/mg cytosolic protein. ER mRNA was measured by solution hybridization. Substitution with GH and DEX in combination increased ER mRNA to 210 +/- 14% of control levels. No effect on ER mRNA stability was seen after hormone treatment. It is concluded that the regulatory effects of GH and DEX on the hepatic ER in this in vitro system are very similar to the effects of these hormones under in vivo conditions. The inducible expression of the ER has never before, to our knowledge, been demonstrated in any mammalian liver cell culture system.
Structure and Mechanism of 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-Cyclodiphosphate Synthase (2002)

The enzyme 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MECDP) synthase catalyzes the conversion of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (CDP-ME2P) to MECDP, a highly unusual cyclodiphosphate-containing intermediate on the mevalonate-independent pathway to isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. We now report two x-ray crystal structures of MECDP synthase refined to 2.8-A resolution. The first structure contains a bound Mn(2+) cation, and the second structure contains CMP, MECDP, and Mn(2+). The protein adopts a homotrimeric quaternary structure built around a central hydrophobic cavity and three externally facing active sites. Each of these active sites is located between two adjacent monomers. A tetrahedrally arranged transition metal binding site, potentially occupied by Mn(2+), sits at the base of the active site cleft. A phosphate oxygen of MECDP and the side chains of Asp(8), His(10), and His(42) occupy the metal ion coordination sphere. These structures reveal for the first time the structural determinants underlying substrate, product, and Mn(2+) recognition and the likely catalytic mechanism accompanying the biosynthesis of the cyclodiphosphate-containing isoprenoid precursor, MECDP.
Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure in the Community (2006)

In the community, more than half of patients with HF have preserved EF, and isolated diastolic dysfunction is present in more than 40% of cases. Ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction are independently related to higher levels of BNP. Heart failure with preserved EF is associated with a high mortality rate, comparable to that of patients with reduced EF.
Separation of azeotropic mixtures of Formic acid-water by using Lithium bromide as a salt by extractive distillation (2016)

Formic acid is a very useful solvent for many industries and it requires in pure form for specific applications. It makes an azeotrope with water at 107.5°C having composition of 77.5% of formic acid by weight. It is seen that conventional methods used are not much effective or large energy consuming. Another alternative is by adding salt which is helpful by altering the relative volatility of the mixture and separation gets easier. In this paper the effect of addition of Lithium Bromide salt in Formic acid -water binary azeotropic mixture using extractive distillation is discussed. As Lithium bromide is a nonvolatile salt, it will not appear in the distillate and moreover Lithium bromide is hygroscopic in nature so it gives higher boiling point elevation with water which is main cause of its use in this application. Addition of salt eliminates formation azeotrope