gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Video Annotation by Mining Speech Transcripts (2006)

We describe a model for automatic prediction of text annotations for video data. The speech transcripts of videos, are clustered using an aspect model and keywords are extracted based on aspect distribution. Thus we capture the semantic information available in the video data. This technique for automatic keyword vocabulary construction makes the labelling of video data a very easy task. We then build a video shot vocabulary by utilizing both static images and motion cues. We use a maximum entropy criterion to learn the conditional exponential model by defining constraint features over the shot vocabulary, keyword vocabulary combinations. Our method uses a maximum a posteriori estimate of exponential model to predict the annotations. We evaluate the ability of our model to predict annotations, in terms of mean negative log-likelihood and retrieval performance on the test set. A comparison of exponential model with baseline methods indicates that the results are encouraging.
Studies on the total synthesis of CC-1065: preparation of a synthetic simplified 3-carbamoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole dimer/trimer/tetramer (CDPI dimer/trimer/tetramer) and development of methodology for PDE-I dimer methyl ester formation (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the total synthesis of CC-1065: preparation of a synthetic simplified 3-carbamoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole dimer/trimer/tetramer (CDPI dimer/trimer/tetramer) and development of methodology for PDE-I dimer methyl ester formationDale L. Boger, Robert S. Coleman, and Benedict J. InvergoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 8, 1521–1530Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00384a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00384a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comprehensive Study of the Stability of Cocaine and Its Metabolites (1989)

The stability of cocaine (COC) in blood bank blood, postmortem human whole blood, and buffers was evaluated with consideration for the presence of the degradation products, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME). At COC concentrations commonly seen, the rate of COC hydrolysis was independent of concentration. COC was stable in blood for at least 150 days if the blood was adjusted to pH 5 and preserved with 2% NaF or organophosphates and maintained at 4 degrees C or lower. Without preservation, most COC hydrolyzed to EME. The addition of a pseudocholinesterase (PChE) inhibitor without a reduction of pH caused COC to hydrolyze to BE. COC also hydrolyzed to BE in phosphate buffer. The rate of COC hydrolysis in all studies increased with increasing pH and temperature. COC was more stable in unpreserved postmortem blood than blood bank blood due to the lower pH of the former. The incubation of COC in enzyme solutions provided further evidence of the generally accepted hypothesis that COC is hydrolyzed to EME by PChE and to BE by chemical hydrolysis. In unpreserved blood, BE was more stable than EME at room temperature. There was little loss of BE or EME at refrigerated temperature over a period of 35 days and no evidence that EME or BE could be hydrolyzed enzymatically.
Characterization of the L-Lactate Dehydrogenase from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2009)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and the proposed causative agent of localized aggressive periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans is found exclusively in the mammalian oral cavity in the space between the gums and the teeth known as the gingival crevice. Many bacterial species reside in this environment where competition for carbon is high. A. actinomycetemcomitans utilizes a unique carbon resource partitioning system whereby the presence of L-lactate inhibits uptake of glucose, thus allowing preferential catabolism of L-lactate. Although the mechanism for this process is not fully elucidated, we previously demonstrated that high levels of intracellular pyruvate are critical for L-lactate preference. As the first step in L-lactate catabolism is conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase, we proposed a model in which the A. actinomycetemcomitans L-lactate dehydrogenase, unlike homologous enzymes, is not feedback inhibited by pyruvate. This lack of feedback inhibition allows intracellular pyruvate to rise to levels sufficient to inhibit glucose uptake in other bacteria. In the present study, the A. actinomycetemcomitans L-lactate dehydrogenase was purified and shown to convert L-lactate, but not D-lactate, to pyruvate with a K(m) of approximately 150 microM. Inhibition studies reveal that pyruvate is a poor inhibitor of L-lactate dehydrogenase activity, providing mechanistic insight into L-lactate preference in A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Low-actuation voltage RF MEMS shunt switch with cold switching lifetime of seven billion cycles (2003)

This paper investigates the performance and lifetime of a metal-to-metal shunt RF MEMS switch fabricated on an SI-GaAs substrate. The switch is a shunt bridge design that is compatible with standard microelectronic processing techniques. The RF performance of the switch includes actuation voltages of less than 15 V, isolation better than 20 dB from 0.25 to 40 GHz, and switching speeds of less than 22 μs. Varying the geometry of the switch affects both switching voltage and reliability, and the tradeoffs are discussed. We have developed a cold switching test method to identify the root cause of sticking as a failure mechanism. The switch structure includes "separation posts" that eliminate sticking failure and has demonstrated lifetimes as high as 7×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> cold switching cycles. These results show that good reliability is possible with a metal-to-metal RF MEMS switch operated with a low actuation voltage.
An effort and time based measure of usability (2008)

The hypothesis of this research is that usability relates to the physical effort that is required in order to use software in the accomplishment of interactive tasks. Implications of this hypothesis are significant since effort is an objective quantity that can be measured efficiently in a relatively non-expensive and non-invasive fashion. Based on this hypothesis, this work proposes metrics for measuring operability, learnability, and understandability.
Corticosteroids and pustular psoriasis (1976)

Journal Article Corticosteroids and pustular psoriasis Get access HARVEY BAKER HARVEY BAKER Department of Dermatology, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London EI IBB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue s12, 1 March 1976, Pages 83–87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02274.x Published: 01 March 1976
Characterization of a Human NK1 Tachykinin Receptor in the Astrocytoma Cell Line U 373 MG (1993)

The human NK1 tachykinin receptor in the astrocytoma cell line U 373 MG was characterized using selective agonists and antagonists described for this receptor in the rat. Specific [3H]substance P binding sites were present on cell homogenates, whereas [3H]neurokinin A or [3H]-senktide binding sites were absent. The binding was saturable and reversible. The binding of [3H]substance P was inhibited by very low concentrations of [L-Pro9]substance P and [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P; septide was approximately 1,000-fold less potent. The most potent peptide antagonist was trans-4-hydroxy-1-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-L-prolyl-N-methyl-N-(phe nylmethyl)-L- tyrosineamide. The rank order of potency for the nonpeptide antagonists was (S,S)-CP 96,345 > (+/-)-CP 96,345 > (+/-)-2-chlorobenzylquinuclidinone > (R,R)-CP 96,345 > RP 67580 > RP 68651. In [3H]-inositol-labeled cells, substance P stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover. A good correlation was found when the abilities of NK1 receptor agonists for stimulating inositol phosphate production and for inhibiting [3H]substance P binding were compared. Similarly, the binding and functional assays were well correlated for the antagonists. As a result of its high sensitivity and selectivity, the U 373 MG cell line thus appears an excellent tool for investigating the pharmacology of the human NK1 receptor.
Constitutive disease resistance requires EDS1 in the Arabidopsis mutants cpr1 and cpr6 and is partially EDS1‐dependent in cpr5 (2001)

The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response in Arabidopsis is characterized by the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and enhanced resistance to virulent bacterial and oomycete pathogens. The cpr (constitutive expressor of PR genes) mutants express all three SAR phenotypes. In addition, cpr5 and cpr6 induce expression of PDF1.2, a defense-related gene associated with activation of the jasmonate/ethylene-mediated resistance pathways. cpr5 also forms spontaneous lesions. In contrast, the eds1 (enhanced disease susceptibility) mutation abolishes race-specific resistance conferred by a major subclass of resistance (R) gene products in response to avirulent pathogens. eds1 plants also exhibit increased susceptibility to virulent pathogens. Epistasis experiments were designed to explore the relationship between the cpr- and EDS1-mediated resistance pathways. We found that a null eds1 mutation suppresses the disease resistance phenotypes of both cpr1 and cpr6. In contrast, eds1 only partially suppresses resistance in cpr5, leading us to conclude that cpr5 expresses both EDS1-dependent and EDS1-independent components of plant disease resistance. Although eds1 does not prevent lesion formation on cpr5 leaves, it alters their appearance and reduces their spread. This phenotypic difference is associated with increased pathogen colonization of cpr5 eds1 plants compared to cpr5. The data allow us to place EDS1 as a necessary downstream component of cpr1- and cpr6-mediated responses, but suggest a more complex relationship between EDS1 and cpr5 in plant defense.
Open digital media solutions using Windows NT (1996)

This paper describes the processes and challenges which led to the development of the D-Vision PostSUITE range of on-line, broadcast quality digital non-linear editing (NLE) systems, the first such professional system to take advantage of Windows NT technology. It starts by briefly discussing the history of non-linear editing as we know it, and charts the early development of disk-based, computer controlled editing systems. It then continues by looking at the challenges faced in the early 1990s by companies active in that field. Technologies were changing rapidly, making equipment obsolescent sooner. This, linked to increasing end-user demand for technology which would deliver higher quality, integrate seamlessly and be more reliable, at a fraction of the cost of contemporary systems led to the development of the latest generation of NLEs, and the advent of OpenDML and ActiveMovie.
Engagement of the OX-40 Receptor In Vivo Enhances Antitumor Immunity (2000)

The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R), a member of the TNFR family, is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Engagement of the OX-40R, with either OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) or an Ab agonist, delivers a strong costimulatory signal to effector T cells. OX-40R+ T cells isolated from inflammatory lesions in the CNS of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are the cells that respond to autoantigen (myelin basic protein) in vivo. We identified OX-40R+ T cells within primary tumors and tumor-invaded lymph nodes of patients with cancer and hypothesized that they are the tumor-Ag-specific T cells. Therefore, we investigated whether engagement of the OX-40R in vivo during tumor priming would enhance a tumor-specific T cell response. Injection of OX-40L:Ig or anti-OX-40R in vivo during tumor priming resulted in a significant improvement in the percentage of tumor-free survivors (20-55%) in four different murine tumors derived from four separate tissues. This anti-OX-40R effect was dose dependent and accentuated tumor-specific T cell memory. The data suggest that engagement of the OX-40R in vivo augments tumor-specific priming by stimulating/expanding the natural repertoire of the host's tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. The identification of OX-40R+ T cells clustered around human tumor cells in vivo suggests that engagement of the OX-40R may be a practical approach for expanding tumor-reactive T cells and thereby a method to improve tumor immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
The selenium requirement of the puppy (2004)

Current selenium (Se) recommendations for the puppy are based on extrapolation from other species (0.11 mg Se/kg diet). The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine the Se requirement in puppies. Thirty beagle puppies (average = 8.8 weeks old) were utilized in a randomized complete block design with age, litter and gender used as blocking criteria. Puppies were fed a low Se (0.04 mg Se/kg diet) torula yeast-based diet for 14 days (pre-test period) after which this same diet was supplemented with five levels of Na2SeO3 for 21 days (experimental period) to construct a response curve (0, 0.13, 0.26, 0.39 or 0.52 mg Se/kg diet). Response variables included Se concentrations and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities (GSHpx) in serum as well as serum total triiodothyronine (TT3), serum total thyroxine (TT4) and serum free T4 (FT4). No significant changes in food intake and body weight gain occurred, and no clinical signs of Se deficiency were observed. A breakpoint for serum GSHpx could not be determined in our study due to analytical difficulties. A broken-line, two-slope response in serum Se occurred with a breakpoint at 0.17 mg Se/kg diet. When Se from the basal diet was added to this estimate, the breakpoint for serum Se equated to 0.21 mg Se/kg diet. TT3 increased linearly with increasing Se intake, whereas TT4 was unchanged. However, the ratio of TT4 : TT3 decreased linearly in response to supplemental Se. In summary, although we estimated the selenium requirement for the puppy based on serum Se, our 0.21 mg Se/kg diet estimate is higher than that seen for adult dogs, kittens, rats or poultry (0.13, 0.15, 0.15 and 0.15 mg Se/kg diet respectively). This difference may be due to the fact that GSHpx was used as the biomarker of Se status.
Structure and rheology of gelatin and collagen gels (1993)

This paper undertakes a parallel analysis of the gelation mechanisms, structure and rheological properties of gelatin and collagen gels. Although the molecular compositions of collagen and gelatin are almost identical, gelation proceeds from distinct mechanisms and leads to different types of molecular assemblies. First are presented the properties of the solutions, based on their structural and rheological characterization; then the mechanisms of gelation in the networks, observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy, of three types of gels: gelatin gels, Type I collagen gels and gels made of cuticle collagen extracted from annelid worms. The rheological investigation of the sol-gel transition of gelatin is described within the context of the theories of percolation and scaling laws. Different experimental approaches to the kinetics of gelation are presented, combining dynamic light scattering and rheology in respect to gelatin gels.
Heavy Chain-Producing Variants of a Mouse Myeloma Cell Line (1975)

Abstract Eleven variants producing only heavy (H) chains have been isolated from the P3 cell line after mutagenesis with either ICR-191 or nitrosoguanidine. The H chains produced by these variants are similar both in molecular weight and by peptide maps with the parental H chain. H chains dimerize intreacellularly, are not secreted but persist as stable cytoplasmic proteins. No evidence for the continued synthesis of light (L) chains or L chain fragments has been found in these variants. These studies show that, in the P3 cell line, the synthesis of H chains can continue in the absence of detectable L chain synthesis.
Alkyl and Aryl Derivatives of the Alkali Metals: Strong Bases and Reactive Nucleophiles. 2. Wilhelm Schlenk’s Organoalkali-Metal Chemistry. The Metal Displacement and the Transmetalation Reactions. Metalation of Weakly Acidic Hydrocarbons. Superbases (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCover EssayNEXTAlkyl and Aryl Derivatives of the Alkali Metals: Strong Bases and Reactive Nucleophiles. 2. Wilhelm Schlenk's Organoalkali-Metal Chemistry. The Metal Displacement and the Transmetalation Reactions. Metalation of Weakly Acidic Hydrocarbons. SuperbasesDietmar SeyferthView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139Cite this: Organometallics 2009, 28, 1, 2–33Publication Date (Web):December 15, 2008Publication History Received30 October 2008Published online15 December 2008Published inissue 12 January 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om801047nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/om801047neditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views10691Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Ethers,Hydrocarbons,Reagents,Sodium Get e-Alerts
Kinetic mechanism of a recombinantArabidopsisglyoxylate reductase: studies of initial velocity, dead-end inhibition and product inhibition (2007)

Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity revealed that a recombinant Arabidopsis protein catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate (K m,glyoxylate = 4.5 μmol·L –1 ) and succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to γ-hydroxybutyrate (K m, SSA = 0.87 mmol·L –1 ) via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism. In this report, the enzyme was further characterized via initial-velocity, dead-end inhibition and product inhibition studies. The kinetic mechanism was ordered Bi Bi, involving the complexation of NADPH to the enzyme before glyoxylate or SSA, and the release of NADP + before glycolate or γ-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. It can be concluded that the enzyme functions as a NADPH-dependent glyoxylate reductase (EC 1.1.1.79) or possibly an aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2), and the kinetic mechanism involved is consistent with that found in members of both the aldo-keto reductase and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-related superfamilies of enzymes. Since NADP + was an effective competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH (K i = 1–3 µmol·L –1 ), it is proposed that the ratio of NADPH/NADP + regulates enzymatic activity in planta.
The available intravenous iron formulations: History, efficacy, and toxicology (2017)

A number of intravenous iron formulations have been developed over the past 65 years which rely on dextran or other compounds to prevent uncontrolled release of free iron to the circulation. High molecular weight dextran was associated with a number of serious adverse reactions and was removed from markets worldwide in 2009. The preponderance of published evidence suggests that the formulations of parenteral iron currently available in the United States, including low molecular weight iron dextran, are all safe and effective and there are no major, clinically important differences among them in terms of either efficacy or safety. For patients with chemotherapy induced anemia or with anemia of end stage renal disease who are being treated with hemodialysis, it is reasonable to use any of the iron formulations, including iron sucrose and ferric gluconate, as frequent patient encounters with health caregivers are a routine part of care and the need to administer multiple low doses of IV iron is not a major disadvantage. However, a single infusion of a total iron dose is as effective and safe when giving iron preparations containing low molecular weight iron dextran, ferumoxytol, iron isomaltoside, or ferric carboxymaltose. Use of a single total dose infusion results in a decreased number of intravenous infusions with a lower cumulative risk for infusion reactions or extravasations, a reduced need for multiple office visits and repeated utilization of medical staff, and increased convenience for physicians and patients.
A modified pseudosection for resistivity and IP (1977)

Abstract Dipole-dipole induced-polarization measurements are commonly presented as pseudosections, but results using different dipole lengths cannot be combined into a single pseudosection. By considering the theoretical results for simple earth models, a unique set of relative depth coefficients is empirically derived, such that measurements with different array parameters will 'mesh' smoothly into a combined pseudosection. Application of these coefficients to a number of theoretical and field cases shows that they give reasonable results when applied to more complicated models.The empirical coefficients are compared with Roy's theory of 'depth of investigation characteristic,' and support that theory, if a modified definition of 'effective depth' is accepted. This leads to an absolute depth scale for the modified pseudosection. It is shown that rough estimates of the depth to the top of an anomalous body can be made directly on the pseudosection, at true vertical scale.This definition of effective depth is applied to other electrode arrays. It is shown, by examples, that the resulting pseudosections give consistent estimates of depth to top, within the characteristic anomaly patterns of each array. The effective depths for various arrays are compared; the results agree with the traditional applications of each array.