gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically optimal power-aware routing for multihop wireless networks with renewable energy sources (2005)

In this paper, we model and characterize the performance of multihop radio networks in the presence of energy constraints and design routing algorithms to optimally utilize the available energy. The energy model allows vastly different energy sources in heterogeneous environments. The proposed algorithm is shown to achieve a competitive ratio (i.e., the ratio of the performance of any off-line algorithm that has knowledge of all past and future packet arrivals to the performance of our online algorithm) that is asymptotically optimal with respect to the number of nodes in the network. The algorithm assumes no statistical information on packet arrivals and can easily be incorporated into existing routing frameworks (e.g., proactive or on-demand methodologies) in a distributed fashion. Simulation results confirm that the algorithm performs very well in terms of maximizing the throughput of an energy-constrained network. Further, a new threshold-based scheme is proposed to reduce the routing overhead while incurring only minimum performance degradation.
Early establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4 + T cells during primary HIV-1 infection (1998)

The presence of latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells carrying replication-competent HIV-1 has been demonstrated in chronically infected individuals who are antiretroviral therapy naive as well as in those who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It is not clear, however, whether the establishment of a pool of latently infected CD4(+) T cells can be blocked by early initiation of HAART after primary infection. The present study demonstrates that initiation of HAART in infected individuals as early as 10 days after the onset of symptoms of primary HIV-1 infection did not prevent generation of latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells carrying integrated HIV-1 DNA as well as infectious HIV-1 despite the successful control of plasma viremia shortly after institution of HAART. Furthermore, there was no correlation between either the duration of HAART at the time of study (range: 0.2-17 months) or the time of initiation of HAART after the onset of symptoms of primary HIV-1 infection (range: 0.3-4 months) and the frequencies of resting CD4(+) T cells carrying either integrated HIV-1 DNA or infectious virus. These results underscore the rapidity with which latent reservoirs are established in primary HIV-1 infection and indicate that it is unlikely that early treatment during primary infection can prevent establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells as long as treatment is initiated after plasma viremia becomes evident.
Multiple Gene Expression Classifiers from Different Array Platforms Predict Poor Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer (2007)

The successful reciprocal validation of gene-based classifiers on different patient cohorts and technology platforms supports the power of microarray technology for individualized outcome prediction of colorectal cancer patients. Furthermore, many of the genes identified have known biological functions congruent with the predicted outcomes.
TreeFam: a curated database of phylogenetic trees of animal gene families (2005)

TreeFam is a database of phylogenetic trees of gene families found in animals. It aims to develop a curated resource that presents the accurate evolutionary history of all animal gene families, as well as reliable ortholog and paralog assignments. Curated families are being added progressively, based on seed alignments and trees in a similar fashion to Pfam. Release 1.1 of TreeFam contains curated trees for 690 families and automatically generated trees for another 11 646 families. These represent over 128 000 genes from nine fully sequenced animal genomes and over 45 000 other animal proteins from UniProt; approximately 40-85% of proteins encoded in the fully sequenced animal genomes are included in TreeFam. TreeFam is freely available at http://www.treefam.org and http://treefam.genomics.org.cn.
Electrocardiogram Recording with Pasteless Electrodes (1971)

Experimentation regarding various aspects of a technique for recording electrocardiographic potentials from unprepared skin, without the use of conventional paste, is described. Because of the relatively high skin-to-electrode impedances encountered without electrolytic paste, high input impedance amplifiers must be utilized for acquisition of the signal. In order to minimize susceptibility to external electrostatic and electromagnetic interference, an inherent problem with high input impedance amplifiers, buffer amplifiers were incorporated directly within the electrode housing. Of the different metals tested, stainless steel proved to be the most stable skin contact material for pasteless operation. The integrated electrode-buffer amplifiers described comply with specifications of the American Heart Association and should prove useful as a direct replacement for conventional paste-type electrodes in existing clinical EKG equipment as well as for long-term applications such as space missions and intensive-care-unit patient monitoring, where frequent attention to the electrodes is inconvenient.
Gene induction by coagulation factor Xa is mediated by activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (2001)

Cell signaling by coagulation factor Xa (Xa) contributes to pro-inflammatory responses in vivo. This study characterizes the signaling mechanism of Xa in a HeLa cell line that expresses protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) but not PAR-2, -3, or -4. Xa induced NF-kappaB in HeLa cells efficiently but with delayed kinetics compared to thrombin. This delay caused no difference in gene expression patterns, as determined by high-density microarray analysis. Both proteases prominently induced the angiogenesis-promoting gene Cyr61 and connective tissue growth factor. Inhibition of PAR-1 cleavage abolished MAP kinase phosphorylation and gene induction by Xa, demonstrating that Xa signals through PAR-1 and not through a novel member of the PAR family. Activation of cell surface prothrombin with the snake venom enzyme Ecarin also produced PAR-1-dependent signaling. However, though the response to Ecarin was completely blocked by the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, the response to Xa was not. This suggests that the Xa response is not mediated by locally generated thrombin. The concentration dependence of Xa for PAR-1 activation is consistent with previously characterized Xa-mediated PAR-2 signaling, suggesting that local concentration of Xa on the cell surface, rather than sequence-specific recognition of the PAR scissile bond, determines receptor cleavage. This study demonstrates that PAR-1 cleavage by Xa can elicit the same cellular response as thrombin, but mechanistic differences in receptor recognition may be crucial for specific roles for Xa in signaling during spatial or temporal separation from thrombin generation.
High-stress and overrange behavior of sealed-cavity polysilicon pressure sensors (1990)

The overrange behavior of sealed-cavity polysilicon pressure sensors with full-scale pressures ranging from 35 to 300 psi (0.24 to 2.0 MPa) is investigated. Because of a built-in overpressure stop, rupture pressure between 3500 to 6000 psi (24 to 41 MPa) was observed. After repetitive cycles of overpressure to 3000 psi, no degradation in sensor performance was apparent, and the zero repeatability was better than 0.1% of span. These results demonstrate the outstanding overrange capabilities of sealed-cavity polysilicon sensors and the exceptional mechanical strength and reproducibility of polysilicon diaphragms for pressure sensing. The excellent built-in overrange protection represents a significant advantage of the sealed-cavity polysilicon sensors for industrial applications where high overrange pressure is common.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Method to Estimate Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband Peak Power (2011)

This paper provides a method for estimating peak power for impulse-radio ultra-wideband signals. By analyzing the required measurement procedure, a set of equations is derived, which are verified with simulated and measured results. The IEEE 802.15.4a standard is used as an example. The idiosyncracy of IEEE 802.15.4a is the usage of bursts of pulses. Hence, we in this paper propose a method to correctly analyze it. The deviation from the established calculation is shown together with the advantages of using this new method, which is valid for both frequency- and time-domain analysis. The latter turns out to be the preferred way of working. Using the proposed method enables usage of up to 16-24 dB more pulse amplitude, depending on the equipment available and burst width used.
Capsaicin-induced ion fluxes in dorsal root ganglion cells in culture (1988)

Capsaicin is a pungent pain-producing compound found in plants of the capsicum family; it exerts excitatory, desensitizing, and toxic effects on a subset of sensory neurons, including the polymodal nociceptor population. We have carried out a quantitative study of capsaicin-induced fluxes of sodium, guanidine, calcium, rubidium, and chloride ions in cultures of neonatal and adult rat DRG neurons, in conjunction with the use of a histochemical stain that identifies capsaicin-sensitive neurons by means of cobalt uptake. Those cells that take up cobalt in a capsaicin-dependent manner (EC50 = 0.2 microM) represent about 50% of the total neuronal population derived from neonatal DRGs on short-term culture. Overnight treatment of cultures with 2 microM capsaicin leads to the loss of the cobalt-staining subpopulation. The capsaicin-insensitive neurons contain immunoreactive neurofilament epitopes that are present in fewer than 10% of capsaicin-sensitive neurons. This observation provides indirect evidence that the sensitive cells correspond to the small, dark B-type neurons, which are negative for neurofilament immunoreactivity in vivo. A capsaicin-dependent calcium uptake (EC50 = 0.2 microM), as measured by 45Ca incorporation, is shown by a DRG neuronal subpopulation that, like the cobalt-staining population of DRG neurons, is lost after overnight capsaicin treatment (2 microM). Capsaicin application leads to the accumulation of millimolar levels of calcium within a few minutes. Cadmium and other divalent cations block capsaicin-induced calcium uptake, but little or no inhibition is seen with organic calcium channel antagonists. Mitochondria, rather than the endoplasmic reticulum, are the probable destination of the internalized calcium, because ruthenium red inhibits calcium uptake (IC50 = 0.05 microM), whereas methylxanthines are inactive. The subset of sensory neurons that takes up calcium also releases 86Rb when exposed to capsaicin (EC50 = 0.06 microM). No efflux of 36Cl ions could be induced by capsaicin. These cells also show a capsaicin-induced uptake of 22Na or 14C guanidine (EC50 = 0.06 microM). In contrast, chick DRG cells in culture showed no capsaicin-induced calcium or cobalt uptake. Primary cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons and Schwann cells, and a number of neuronal cell lines, also failed to respond to capsaicin, as judged by the calcium, cobalt, or guanidine uptake assays.
Layer-by-Layer Assembled Films of HgTe Nanocrystals with Strong Infrared Emission (2000)

Layer-by-layer sequential adsorption (LBL) has been applied to the preparation of composite multilayer thin films of thiol-capped HgTe nanocrystals with strong IR luminescence. The films can be used as active coatings for novel optical sources for telecommunications.
Cloning of the gene for the larvicidal toxin of Bacillus sphaericus 2362: evidence for a family of related sequences (1987)

During sporulation, Bacillus sphaericus 2362 produces a parasporal crystalline protein which is toxic for the larvae of a number of mosquito species. Using the Escherichia coli cloning vector lambda gt11, in which gene products of the inserts may be fused to beta-galactosidase, we isolated 29 bacteriophages which produced peptides-reacting with antiserum to crystal protein. On the basis of restriction enzyme analyses of the recombinants and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion experiments with induced lysogens as a source of antigens, the recombinants were assigned to three groups, designated A, B, and C. Group A consisted of three clones which appeared to express all or part of the B. sphaericus toxin gene from their own promoters and one clone producing a beta-galactosidase-toxin fusion protein. The host cells of two induced recombinant lysogens of this group were toxic to larvae of Culex pipiens. A cell suspension containing 174 ng (dry weight) of the more toxic recombinant per ml killed 50% of the larvae. Both recombinants formed peptides with molecular sizes of 27, 43, and 63 kilodaltons (kDa). The antigenically related 27- and 43-kDa peptides were distinct from the 63-kDa peptide, which resembled crystals from sporulating cells of B. sphaericus in which antigenically distinct 43- and 63-kDa proteins are derived from a 125-kDa precursor. A 3.5-kilobase HindIII fragment from recombinants having toxic activity against larvae was subcloned into pGEM-3-blue. E. coli cells harboring this fragment were toxic to mosquito larvae and produced peptides of 27, 43, and 63 kDa. The distribution of the A gene among strains of B. sphaericus of different toxicities suggested that it is the sole or principal gene encoding the larvicidal crystal protein. The two recombinants of group B and the 23 of group C were all beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, suggesting that in E. coli these genes were not readily expressed from their own promoters. The distribution of these two genes in different strains of B. sphaericus suggested that they do not have a role in the toxicity of this species to mosquito larvae.
Epigenetic silencing of EYA2 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas promotes tumor growth (2014)

To identify potentially important genes dysregulated in pancreatic cancer, we analyzed genome-wide transcriptional analysis of pancreatic cancers and normal pancreatic duct samples and identified the transcriptional coactivator, EYA2 (Drosophila Eyes Absent Homologue-2) as silenced in the majority of pancreatic cancers. We investigated the role of epigenetic mechanisms of EYA2 gene silencing in pancreatic cancers, performed in vitro and in vivo proliferation and migration assays to assess the effect of EYA2 silencing on tumor cell growth and metastasis formation, and expression analysis to identify genes transcriptionally regulated by EYA2. We found loss of tumoral Eya2 expression in 63% of pancreatic cancers (120/189 cases). Silencing of EYA2 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines correlated with promoter methylation and histone deacetylation and was reversible with DNA methyltransferase and HDAC inhibitors. EYA2 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cell lines increased cell proliferation. Compared to parental pancreatic cancer cells, pancreatic cancers stably-expressing EYA2 grew more slowly and had fewer metastases in orthotopic models. The transcriptional changes after stable expression of EYA2 in pancreatic cancer cells included induction of genes in the TGFbeta pathway. Epigenetic silencing of EYA2 is a common event in pancreatic cancers and stable expression EYA2 limits the growth and metastases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Crosstalk among p53 family members in cutaneous carcinoma (2014)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a frequency increasing worldwide. The risk of developing cSCC has been strongly associated with chronic sun exposure, especially in light skin people. The aim of this viewpoint is to discuss the contribution of the tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues p63 and p73 in the formation and progression of cSCC. Mutations in the p53 gene are early and frequent events in skin carcinogenesis mainly as a consequence of UV light exposure, often followed by loss of function of the second allele. Although rarely mutated in cancer, p63 and p73 play key roles in human cancers, with their truncated isoforms lacking the N-terminal transactivating domain (∆N) being often upregulated as compared to normal tissues. ∆Np63 is abundantly expressed in cSCC, and it is likely to favour tumor initiation and progression. The function of p73 in cSCC is more enigmatic and awaits further studies. Interestingly, an intimate interplay exists between both p53 and p63, and the Notch signalling pathway, often inactivated in cSCC. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the biological activities of p53 family members in cSCC and propose that integration of their signalling with Notch is key to cSCC formation and progression.
Care in the Air (2009)

Aeromedical evacuation (AE) is a system within the Air Force to provide patient care in the air during transport between levels of care. The system predominantly uses guard and reserve flight crew members who are arranged into rotations. However, when a need arises because of heavy influx of sick and wounded, the activation of crew members comes with short notice. This article presents my experiences flying AE in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Enduring Freedom.
Aging and oxidative stress. (1998)

Aging is the accumulation of changes that increase the risk of death. Aging changes can be attributed to development, genetic defects, the environment, disease, and the inborn aging process. The latter is the major risk factor for disease and death after age 28 in the developed countries. In these countries, average life expectancies at birth (ALE-B) now range from 76-79 years, 6-9 years less than the limit of about 85 years imposed by aging. Aging changes may be caused by free radical reactions. The extensive studies based on this possibility show promise of increasing the ALE-B to 85 years and beyond.
Recurrent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Allergen-Sensitized Mice Lead to Persistent Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness (2000)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is considered a risk factor for bronchial asthma; however, the synergy between allergen sensitization and RSV infection in the development of pulmonary inflammation and asthma has been controversial. In this study the effects of primary and recurrent RSV infection on allergic asthma were examined in a group of control, RSV-infected, Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) allergen-sensitized, and Df allergen-sensitized plus RSV-infected BALB/c mice. Primary RSV infection in Df-sensitized mice transiently increases airway responsiveness, which is accompanied by increases in eosinophilic infiltration, the expression of ICAM-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in the lung tissue. A secondary RSV infection persistently enhances airway responsiveness in Df-sensitized mice, with a concomitant increase in MIP-1alpha and RSV Ag load in lung tissues. Bulk cultures of thoracic lymph node mononuclear cells demonstrate that acute RSV infection augments both Th1- and Th2-like cytokines, whereas secondary and tertiary infections shift the cytokine profile in favor of the Th2-like cytokine response in Df-sensitized mice. The elevated total serum IgE level in the Df-sensitized mice persists following only RSV reinfection. Thus, recurrent RSV infections in Df-sensitized mice augment the synthesis of Th2-like cytokines, total serum IgE Abs, and MIP-1alpha, which are responsible for persistent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, both of which are characteristics of asthma.
Service-Oriented Solution Framework for Internet Banking (2006)

This paper describes a service-oriented solution framework designed for Internet banking in financial services. A pragmatic approach is developed to help migrate conventional n-tier e-commerce systems to a service-oriented computing paradigm, composed of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Integration (SOI), Process (SOP), and Management (SOM). This comprehensive framework comprises Service Patterns, Architecture Process, Hybrid Methodology, Service-Oriented Enterprise Model, and Solution Platform. E-business patterns are applied to categorize diverse online services, which form the baseline for subsequent selection justifications of appropriate technologies, products/tools, and infrastructure. A multi-level architecture process is developed to cope with the architecture complexity in a disciplined way. Furthermore, a hybrid methodology is designed to leverage the benefits of both top-down and bottom-up approaches, in which a converging layer is conceived to incorporate the latest technologies such as portal, process orchestration, Web services, service aggregations, business rule engine, and so forth. In the enterprise model, common business functionalities are built as shared services to be reused across lines of business as well as delivery channels, and the Internet channel-specific SOA is defined by applying the hybrid methodology. Finally, a holistic solution platform is introduced to address the key design artifacts in the implementation of service-oriented solutions. Challenges of conflicting specifications and immature cutting-edge technologies are also discussed in the context.
Isolation of a new DNA marker in linkage disequilibrium with cystic fibrosis, situated between J3.11 (D7S8) and IRP. (1989)

A cosmid library of recombinants containing nonmethylated CpG sites for rare-cutter restriction enzymes was used previously to isolate the gene IRP and four polymorphic DNA markers (pPT-3, pXV-2c, pCS.7, and pKM.19) which are close to and in linkage disequilibrium with the cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation. We have analyzed several new clones from the same library and have isolated a further cosmid, cNX.6d, which maps approximately 160 kb from CS.7, in the J3.11 direction. A DNA fragment (pMP6d-9) (D7S399) derived from cosmid cNX.6d detects a frequent polymorphism with MspI. Strong linkage disequilibrium between CF and MP6d-9 is found in European populations. Recombinations in two families suggest that CF is between the MspI polymorphic site recognized by pMP6d-9 and the polymorphism recognized by pJ3.11. The new marker is the closest, to date, to CF and will be useful for prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing.
High power control components using a new monolithic FET structure (2003)

A monolithic-switch FET (MFET) control device that can be integrated with other monolithic functions or used as a discrete component in a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) structure is presented. The MFET device is a suitable replacement for p-i-n diodes as a generic control element in applications from 10 W to several hundred W CW, and has the advantages of a conventional GaAs switch FET (SFET). The increased power handling is due to the device's ability to overcome the breakdown voltage limitation of conventional SFETs. The design, fabrication, and performance of two high-power control components using MFET devices are described as examples of the implementation of this technology: an L-band terminated single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch, and an L-band limiter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>