gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic acoustic elements for manipulation of levitated objects (2015)

Sound can levitate objects of different sizes and materials through air, water and tissue. This allows us to manipulate cells, liquids, compounds or living things without touching or contaminating them. However, acoustic levitation has required the targets to be enclosed with acoustic elements or had limited manoeuvrability. Here we optimize the phases used to drive an ultrasonic phased array and show that acoustic levitation can be employed to translate, rotate and manipulate particles using even a single-sided emitter. Furthermore, we introduce the holographic acoustic elements framework that permits the rapid generation of traps and provides a bridge between optical and acoustical trapping. Acoustic structures shaped as tweezers, twisters or bottles emerge as the optimum mechanisms for tractor beams or containerless transportation. Single-beam levitation could manipulate particles inside our body for applications in targeted drug delivery or acoustically controlled micro-machines that do not interfere with magnetic resonance imaging.
A 90nm data flow processor demonstrating fine grained DVS for energy efficient operation from 0.25V to 1.2V (2011)

We present a 90nm data flow processor that executes DSP algorithms using fine grained DVS at the component level with rapid V DD switching and V DD dithering for near-ideal quadratic dynamic energy scaling from 0.25V–1.2V. Measurements show energy savings up to 50% and 46% compared to single-V DD and multi-V DD alternatives.
Lasers have a bright future in projection displays (1996)

Summary form only given. Solid-state visible lasers are a new technology that is experiencing the rapid improvements cost/performance characteristic of the semiconductor industry. Within 3-4 years, these advances will produce reasonably priced red, green, and blue lasers that will be excellent candidates to replace conventional incandescent and gas arc lamp projection sources large screen projection displays. These laser lamps can serve as drop in replacements for light valve illuminators or they can be directly scanned and projected modulated raster beams.
Activation of Low Avidity CTL Specific for a Self Epitope Results in Tumor Rejection But Not Autoimmunity (1998)

To determine how self-tolerance can alter the ability of the immune system to respond against tumor-associated Ags that are also expressed by normal tissue, we designed experiments in which the same protein was expressed both as a tumor Ag and as a transgene product. Unlike conventional BALB/c mice that rejected renal carcinoma cells transfected with the influenza virus hemagglutinin (Renca-HA), transgenic mice that are tolerant of HA due to its expression as a self-Ag on pancreatic islet beta cells, (Ins-HA mice) supported progressive growth of these tumor cells. However, when Ins-HA mice were immunized with a recombinant strain of vaccinia virus expressing the dominant H-2Kd peptide epitope of HA before receiving Renca-HA cells, they too were able to reject the tumor cells. Rejection of Renca-HA cells by immunized Ins-HA mice was found to be associated with the generation of CTL having much lower avidity for target cells presenting the KdHA epitope than CTL from immunized conventional BALB/c mice. Significantly, we show that self-tolerance to the HA Ag is quantitative rather then absolute, and that vaccination of Ins-HA mice can activate low avidity KdHA-specific CD8+ T cells that are able to reject tumor cells expressing high levels of HA, yet these mice remain tolerant of pancreatic islet beta cells expressing HA.
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983) (2016)

The visual display of quantitative information , The visual display of quantitative information , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Aptamer‐Crosslinked Microbubbles: Smart Contrast Agents for Thrombin‐Activated Ultrasound Imaging (2012)

Thrombosis, or malignant blood clotting, is associated with numerous cardiovascular diseases and cancers. A microbubble contrast agent is presented that produces ultrasound harmonic signal only when exposed to elevated thrombin levels. Initially silent microbubbles are activated in the presence of both thrombin-spiked and freshly clotting blood in three minutes with detection limits of 20 nM thrombin and 2 aM microbubbles.
Phosphoinositide Recognition Domains (2003)

Domains or modules known to bind phosphoinositides have increased dramatically in number over the past few years, and are found in proteins involved in intracellular trafficking, cellular signaling, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Analysis of lipid binding by these domains and its structural basis has provided significant insight into the mechanism of membrane recruitment by the different cellular phosphoinositides. Domains that target only the rare (3-phosphorylated) phosphoinositides must bind with very high affinity, and with exquisite specificity. This is achieved solely by headgroup interactions in the case of certain pleckstrin homology (PH) domains [which bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and/or PtdIns(3,4)P2], but requires an additional membrane-insertion and/or oligomerization component in the case of the PtdIns(3)P-targeting phox homology (PX) and FYVE domains. Domains that target PtdIns(4,5)P2, which is more abundant by some 25-fold, do not require the same stringent affinity and specificity characteristics, and tend to be more diverse in structure. The mode of phosphoinositide binding by different domains also appears to reflect their distinct functions. For example, pleckstrin homology domains that serve as simple targeting domains recognize only phosphoinositide headgroups. By contrast, certain other domains, notably the epsin ENTH domain, appear to promote bilayer curvature by inserting into the membrane upon binding.
OX40L induces helper T cell differentiation during cell immunity of asthma through PI3K/AKT and P38 MAPK signaling pathway (2018)

In this study, we revealed that OX40L could regulate differentiation of helper T cells via PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in asthma. Besides, blockade of OX40/OX40L could inhibit the proliferation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and regulate polarization of helper T cells.
Phosphotyrosine signaling analysis of site-specific mutations on EGFRvIII identifies determinants governing glioblastoma cell growth (2010)

To evaluate the role of individual EGFR phosphorylation sites in activating components of the cellular signaling network we have performed a mass spectrometry-based analysis of the phosphotyrosine network downstream of site-specific EGFRvIII mutants, enabling quantification of network-level effects of site-specific point mutations. Mutation at Y845, Y1068 or Y1148 resulted in diminished receptor phosphorylation, while mutation at Y1173 led to increased phosphorylation on multiple EGFRvIII residues. Altered phosphorylation at the receptor was recapitulated in downstream signaling network activation levels, with Y1173F mutation leading to increased phosphorylation throughout the network. Computational modeling of GBM cell growth as a function of network phosphorylation levels highlights the Erk pathway as crucial for regulating EGFRvIII-driven U87MG GBM cell behavior, with the unexpected finding that Erk1/2 is negatively correlated to GBM cell growth. Genetic manipulation of this pathway supports the model, demonstrating that EGFRvIII-expressing U87MG GBM cells are sensitive to Erk activation levels. Additionally, we developed a model describing glioblastoma cell growth based on a reduced set of phosphoproteins, which represent potential candidates for future development as therapeutic targets for EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma patients.
Melanoma treatment in review (2018)

Melanoma represents the most aggressive and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The therapeutic strategy can include single agents or combined therapies, depending on the patient's health, stage, and location of the tumor. The efficiency of these treatments can be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms. New therapeutic targets have emerged from studies of the genetic profile of melanocytes and from the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of the malignant transformation. In this review, we aim to survey therapies approved and under evaluation for melanoma treatment and relevant research on the molecular mechanisms underlying melanomagenesis.
Finasteride in the treatment of alopecia (2004)

Finasteride is a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor approved for the treatment of male pattern hair loss. Originally approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy in 1992, its approval was expanded in 1997 to include the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men at a dose of 1 mg/day. Finasteride inhibits 5alpha-reductase, thereby prohibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is implicated in the development of hairless in some men. Reduction in DHT results in a significant improvement in subjective and objective assessments of hair growth and density. Finasteride is well-tolerated with a favourable adverse event history. The most common adverse events include reduced libido, decreased ejaculate volume and gynaecomastia.
Sleep breathing disorders and nocturnalrespiratory pattern in patientswith Glycogenosis type II (2014)

Patients affected by glycogenosis type II frequently present sleepdisordered breathing. The presence of symptoms suggestive of sleep breathing disorders was investigated, by a questionnaire, in 10 patients, affected by adult or juvenile forms of glycogenosis type II. Diurnal respiratory function, diaphragm weakness and nocturnal respiratory pattern were evaluated at the enrolment. In patients presenting sleep disordered breathing, the same parameters were re-evaluated after treatment with assisted non invasive ventilation. Out of 10 patients, 5 presented symptoms suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing at the baseline, 2 a pattern of sleep apnea syndrome and 3 nocturnal hypoventilation. All patients presented diaphragmatic weakness. No correlation was found between forced vital capacity values (FVC) in sit position and nocturnal respiratory disorders. Five patients with respiratory disorders were treated with non invasive ventilation. All patients – after one month of treatment - showed an improvement in symptoms with reduced diurnal hypersomnia (ESS < 10), absence of morning headaches and nocturnal awakenings, and reduced nicturia regardless the modality of ventilation. We recommend that all patients with glycogenosis type II, once diagnosed, are carefully monitored for the development of respiratory involvement, even in the absence of reduced FVC values and in the early stages of the disease, to receive appropriate therapy.
Cell Growth Arrest by Nucleotides, Nucleosides and Bases as a Tool for Improved Production of Recombinant Proteins (2003)

Arresting cell growth and thus decreasing cell division potentially lessens the chance for genetic drift in the cell population; this would be of utmost importance for the consistent production of biopharmaceuticals during long periods. The drawback of the addition of well-known synchronizing agents, such as chemotherapeutics, is that they cause a disproportionate accumulation of cellular constituents, leading to cell death. The use of compounds that are naturally synthesized by the cell, as is the case of nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases (Nt/Ns/B), is shown in this work to be a promising tool. The addition of purines and pyrimidines was tested using a CHO cell line producing the secreted form of the human placental alkaline phosphatase enzyme (SEAP). From the chemical alternatives tested, AMP was the most promising compound for protein production improvement; it reduced cell growth and maintained the culture with high cell viability for long periods, while increasing SEAP specific productivity 3-fold. The use of CHO and BHK mammalian cells producing Factor VII and the use of a insect cell line (Sf9) showed that the effect of AMP addition seems to be independent of the r-protein and cell line. With the addition of AMP, accumulation of cells at the S phase was accompanied by an increase of the protein specific productivity. Addition of known synchronizing drugs (aphidicolin and doxorubicin) and application of environmental cell growth arrest strategies (depletion of nutrients and byproduct accumulation) showed also to effectively arrest CHO cell growth. A careful look onto cell cycle distribution in the different scenarios created, shows whether it is important to consider r-protein expression dependency upon cell cycle in process optimization and operation strategies.
Wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters of 4,4′‐biphenol, substituted biphenols, and 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐4,4′‐diol with 3,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid (1995)

Abstract Wholly aromatic, thermotropic homopolyesters, derived from 4,4′‐biphenol, substituted biphenols, or 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐4,4′‐diol and 3,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, and two copolyesters, each of which contained 30 mol % of 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid, were prepared by acidolysis polycondensation reactions and characterized for their liquid crystalline properties. The solubility behavior of these polymers has also been investigated. The two homopolymers of phenyl‐substituted biphenols with 3,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid were soluble in many common organic solvents. All of the homopolymers had lower T m / T f values than those with terephthalic acid, which was attributed to the incorporation of the asymmetric 3,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylate units in a head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail fashion along the polyester chain. Two copolymers had lower T m values than those of the respective homopolymers, as expected. They formed nematic phases which persisted up to 400°C, except those of phenyl‐substituted biphenols with 3,4′‐benzophenone dicarboxylic acid. Each of these two polymers also exhibited an accessible T i transition, and had a broad range of LC phase. They had glass transition temperatures, T g , in the range of 139‐209°C and high thermal stabilities in the temperature range of 465‐511°C. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Comparison of current flash EEPROM erasing methods: stability and how to control (1992)

The effects of process and device parameter fluctuations of flash EEPROM cells on the flash-erasing instabilities are systematically investigated using a simple analytical model and numerical simulation. Among various erase methods, the High voltage Source with grounded Erase (HSE) method is the most stable scheme for the control of erasing speed and erased threshold voltage distribution. The stability of HSE is caused by the reduced electric field fluctuations associated with cell parameter variations, due to the source bias effect, especially at the final stage of erasing. It is also found that the recently proposed self-convergence scheme is an effective tool for suppressing the erased-V/sub t/ distribution width, and that negative gate erase designs equipped with this method will be a powerful vehicle for the next generation scaled flash devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A voltage control method for an active capacitive DC-link module with series-connected circuit (2017)

Many efforts have been made to improve the performance of power electronic systems with active capacitive DC-link module in terms of power density as well as reliability. One of the attractive solution is an active capacitive DC-link with the series-connected circuit because of handling small-rated power. However, in the existing control method of this circuit, the DC-link current of the backward-stage or forward-stage need to be sensed for extracting the ripple components, which limits the flexibility of the active DC-link module. Thus, in this paper, a voltage control method of an active capacitive DC-link module is proposed. Current sensor at the DC-link will be cancel from the circuit. The controller of the series-connected circuit requires internal voltage signals of the DC-link module only, making it possible to be fully independent without any additional connection to the main circuit. Impedance based analysis and modeling are presented in this paper. Simulation and experiment verify the accuracy of proposed independent control strategy in 500 W single-phase application.
Hybrid Position/Force Control of Manipulators (1981)

A new conceptually simple approach to controlling compliant motions of a robot manipulator is presented. The “hybrid” technique described combines force and torque information with positional data to satisfy simultaneous position and force trajectory constraints specified in a convenient task related coordinate system. Analysis, simulation, and experiments are used to evaluate the controller’s ability to execute trajectories using feedback from a force sensing wrist and from position sensors found in the manipulator joints. The results show that the method achieves stable, accurate control of force and position trajectories for a variety of test conditions.
Internal Iliac Artery Occlusion Using a Stent-Graft Tunnel during Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: A New Alternative to Coil Embolization (2003)

This new method for IIA occlusion at its origin without coil embolization may prove to be a useful adjunct to endovascular aortoiliac aneurysm repair. The technique is simple, rapid, and may minimize the risk of pelvic ischemia.
Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B (gB) to Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Type 2 Receptor α Depends on Specific Sialylated O - Linked Glycans on gB (2009)

Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRalpha) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Its binding to a cellular ligand, CD99, depends on the presence of sialylated O-linked glycans on CD99. Glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) binds to PILRalpha, and this association is involved in HSV-1 infection. Here, we found that the presence of sialylated O-glycans on gB is required for gB to associate with PILRalpha. Furthermore, we identified two threonine residues on gB that are essential for the addition of the principal O-glycans acquired by gB and that are also essential for the binding of PILRalpha to gB.
[Clinical study on 78 cases of testicular tumor]. (1995)

Seventy eight patients with testicular tumor were treated in our hospital between 1982 and 1992. Of 78 patients, 74 had germinal cell tumor (seminoma in 47 patients and non-seminoma in 27), and the other 4 had 3 malignant lymphoma and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. Ages ranged from 1 to 67 years with the average of 36.1. The age of the patients with seminoma was significantly higher than that of patients with non-seminoma. Most patients complained of painless swelling of the scrotal content, but some patients complained of testicular pain, fever, and so on. Those who complained of such symptoms had significantly worse prognosis than those who had only painless scrotal swelling. Patients with non-seminoma visited us about 4.9 months after the onset of their symptoms and 12.1 months in seminoma. Clinical stages were more progressive in non-seminoma than in seminoma. Inguinal orchiectomy was performed followed by irradiation, chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or thoracotomy. Recurrence developed in 6 patients and the other 7 patients died of progressive disease within 2 years from the first attendance. The 2-year survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 81 and 70% in seminoma and non-seminoma, respectively, and 100, 88, 63, 75, and 22% in stage I, IIA, IIB, IIIO and IIIA, B, C, respectively.
Characteristic Response of Electrochemical Nonlinearity to Taste Compounds with a Gold Electrode Modified with 4-Aminobenzenethiol (1993)

Abstract The nonlinear electrochemical responses for various taste compounds were measured using a gold electrode modified by 4-aminobenzenethiol. The results were analyzed quantitatively based on a data-processing method proposed by the authors. The nonlinearity of the response was found to be enhanced by the modification, showing a marked dependence on the categories of taste compounds as well as on their concentrations. Our new concept concerning chemical sensing has been found to be promising as a powerful analytical tool when a suitable modification of the electrode surface is performed.
Management of Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug‐Induced Gastroduodenal Disease by Acid Suppression (1999)

One major cause of peptic ulceration is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The precise mechanisms through which NSAIDs cause peptic ulceration are unknown, but the discovery that they reduce the production of 'cytoprotective' prostaglandins led to the hypothesis that coadministration of exogenous prostaglandins heals and prevents NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers and other mucosal lesions. Studies using high doses of misoprostol have shown that it does have a protective effect; however, gastrointestinal intolerance of this prostaglandin E2 analogue is common. Early indications that acid suppression was effective in the management of NSAID-related peptic ulcers came from studies showing that gastric ulcers could be healed by omeprazole in patients who continued to take NSAIDs. Other studies suggested that acid suppression reduces the incidence of mucosal lesions but that standard dose ranitidine protects only against duodenal lesions. Subsequent studies reported that higher dose H2 receptor antagonist therapy can protect against both gastric and duodenal ulcers during continued NSAID therapy. An ideal therapeutic strategy would heal NSAID-related ulcers and prevent the development of new NSAID-related lesions and complications in patients who are unable to discontinue NSAID therapy. A number of recent studies indicate that effective acid-suppressive treatment with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole can achieve these aims. Overall, data from recent studies show that acid suppression with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg daily is the most effective means of healing NSAID-associated gastroduodenal lesions and that it is the most effective prophylactic therapy. In the long run, the role of omeprazole will have to be evaluated with respect to its cost effectiveness compared with other strategies and with respect to the development of less damaging NSAIDs.
On the Vulnerability of FPGA Bitstream Encryption against Power Analysis Attacks - Extracting Keys from Xilinx Virtex-II FPGAs. (2011)

Over the last two decades FPGAs have become central com-ponents for many advanced digital systems, e.g., video signal processing, network routers, data acquisition and military systems. In order to protect the intellectual property and to prevent fraud, e.g., by cloning an FPGA or manipulat-ing its content, many current FPGAs employ a bitstream encryption feature. We develop a successful attack on the bitstream encryption engine integrated in the widespread Virtex-II Pro FPGAs from Xilinx, using side-channel anal-ysis. After measuring the power consumption of a single power-up of the device and a modest amount of off-line com-putation, we are able to recover all three different keys used by its triple DES module. Our method allows extracting secret keys from any real-world device where the bitstream encryption feature of Virtex-II Pro is enabled. As a conse-quence, the target product can be cloned and manipulated at will of the attacker. Also, more advanced attacks such as reverse engineering or the introduction of hardware Trojans become potential threats. As part of the side-channel attack, we were able to deduce certain internals of the hardware en-cryption engine. To our knowledge, this is the first attack against the bitstream encryption of a commercial FPGA re-ported in the open literature. 1.