gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heart Rhythm Status on Registration Accuracy of the Left Atrium for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2007)

Registration error did not differ between LA registrations conducted during the same versus different rhythm as was present during CT imaging. Rhythm changes between SR and AF did not introduce significant error to the LA registration process for catheter ablation of AF. These findings are reassuring and suggest that reregistration is not needed if a patient's rhythm changes from SR to AF or vice versa during an ablation procedure.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Ustilago hordei in Leaves of Susceptible and Resistant Barley Varieties (1999)

ABSTRACT Although Ustilago hordei infects barley seedlings, symptoms of the disease covered smut are not visible until heading. Natural or artificial inoculation usually results in inconsistent infection, even in highly susceptible lines. Thus, breeding for resistance to covered smut is time consuming and difficult. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of U. hordei were sequenced and a primer pair was developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These primers amplified a 574-bp fragment from DNA of Ustilago spp., but did not amplify DNA from barley or other common barley pathogens. DNA extracted from as few as four U. hordei sporidia was detected by this method. U. hordei DNA was amplified from leaf tissue of inoculated susceptible and resistant plants at different stages of plant development in differential varieties. Growth of the fungus in different leaves of an individual plant was variable. Several highly resistant varieties were shown to contain U. hordei DNA in the first three to four leaves, but not in later leaves. Thus, although the fungus can infect many resistant plants, the plants remain symptomless. Detection of U. hordei prior to heading should assist efforts for breeding for resistance and provide clues concerning the mechanisms of resistance employed by different resistance genes.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human T cells stably expressing antisense RNA (1991)

Human T-lymphoid cell lines with constitutive intracellular expression of antisense RNA complementary to a 407-bp sequence of the 5' leader-gag region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were established by using a nonretroviral expression vector. In cell lines with antisense RNA expression detectable by Northern (RNA) hybridization, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication was inhibited to 88% 10 days postinfection and this inhibition lasted 3 weeks postinfection.
Applying the Na&#239;ve Bayes Classifier to Assist Users in Detecting Speech Recognition Errors (2005)

Speech recognition (SR) is a technology that can improve accessibility to computer systems for people with physical disabilities or situation-introduced disabilities. The wide adoption of SR technology; however, is hampered by the difficulty in correcting system errors. HCI researchers have attempted to improve the error correction process by employing multi-modal or speech-based interfaces. There is limited success in applying raw confidence scores (indicators of system's confidence in an output) to facilitate anchor specification in the navigation process. This paper applies a machine learning technique, in particular Naïve Bayes classifier, to assist detecting dictation errors. In order to improve the generalizability of the classifiers, input features were obtained from generic SR output. Evaluation on speech corpuses showed that the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier was better than using raw confidence scores.
Magnitude of Interaction betweenn-Alkane Chains and Its Anisotropy:  High-Level ab Initio Calculations ofn-Butane,n-Petane, andn-Hexane Dimers (2004)

Intermolecular interaction energies of n-butane, n-pentane, and n-hexane dimers were calculated at the MP2 level with a large basis set including multiple polarization functions. The comparison of the calculated interaction energies of five orientations of dimers for each n-alkane molecule, in which the main molecular axes of the two alkane chains are parallel, shows that the interaction between the two n-alkane chains has strong anisotropy. The antiparallel dimers (D2 dimers of n-butane and n-hexane and C2h dimer of n-pentane) have the largest interaction. The calculated interaction energies of the most stable n-butane, n-pentane, and n-hexane dimers are −2.80, −3.57, and −4.58 kcal/mol, respectively. The orientations of the most stable dimers are close to those of nearest neighboring n-alkane molecules (n-hexane to n-nonane) in the crystals. The calculated intermolecular interaction energies in the n-hexane crystal show that the intermolecular interaction (−4.23 kcal/mol) along the a-axis is substantially larger than those along the b- and c-axes.
Making crystals from crystals: a green route to crystal engineering and polymorphism (2005)

Supramolecular reactions between crystalline materials as well as reactions between a crystalline material and a vapour can be used to generate new crystalline substances. These solvent-free processes can be exploited to prepare both hydrogen-bonded co-crystals and coordination networks. Solid-vapour reactions do not differ from solid-vapour uptake/release processes, and can also be used to prepare polymorphs and solvates. It is argued that solvent-less reactions involving molecular crystals represent a green route to supramolecular solid-state chemistry and crystal engineering.
Rhetorical structure theory (2015)

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c-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis (2001)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in inflammation and tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is highly activated in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes and synovium. However, defining the precise function of this kinase has been difficult because a selective JNK inhibitor has not been available. We now report the use of a novel selective JNK inhibitor and JNK knockout mice to determine the function of JNK in synoviocyte biology and inflammatory arthritis. The novel JNK inhibitor SP600125 (anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one) completely blocked IL-1--induced accumulation of phospho-Jun and induction of c-Jun transcription in synoviocytes. Furthermore, AP-1 binding and collagenase mRNA accumulation were completely suppressed by SP600125. In contrast, complete inhibition of p38 had no effect, and ERK inhibition had only a modest effect. The essential role of JNK was confirmed in cultured synoviocytes from JNK1 knockout mice and JNK2 knockout mice, each of which had a partial defect in IL-1--induced AP-1 activation and collagenase-3 expression. Administration of SP600125 modestly decreased the rat paw swelling in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. More striking was the near-complete inhibition of radiographic damage that was associated with decreased AP-1 activity and collagenase-3 gene expression. Therefore, JNK is a critical MAPK pathway for IL-1--induced collagenase gene expression in synoviocytes and in joint arthritis, indicating that JNK is an important therapeutic target for RA.
Efficient two-port antenna system for GSM/DCS/UMTS multimode mobile phones (2007)

The design of several two-port antenna systems for mobile phones is presented. All these structures are made up of two planar inverted-F antennas closely positioned on a small ground plane and radiating in the GSM900/DCS1800 and UMTS frequency bands. First, the antennas are simply associated at the top edge of the same printed circuit board. Thus, to improve their isolation and their total efficiency, a neutralisation effect is created by means of an optimised suspended line, which links the feeding strips of the radiators. The performance of these systems is measured and compared with theoretical results.
Microwave resonators for EPR studies at high hydrostatic pressure (1976)

The sapphire cylindrical resonator with H112 wave directly coupled to the waveguide is the most advantageous of those hitherto investigated operating in the X band. It has a Q factor of 2500 and a very weak, linear pressure dependence of the resonance frequency with a coefficient of 6.5×10−4 kilobar−1.
Sls1p, an Endoplasmic Reticulum Component, Is Involved in the Protein Translocation Process in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (1996)

Signal recognition particle-dependent targeting of secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is predominant in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. A conditional lethal mutant of the SCR2-encoded 7S RNA provided the first in vivo evidence for involvement of this particle in cotranslational translocation (He, F., Beckerich, J. M., and Gaillardin, C. M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1932-1937). In order to identify partners of 7S RNA or signal recognition particle in their function, we selected synthetic lethal mutations with the 7S RNA mutation (sls). The SLS1 gene, cloned by complementation of the sls1 mutant growth defect, encodes a 426-amino acid polypeptide containing a NH2-terminal signal peptide and a COOH-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention motif. The SLS1 gene product behaves as a lumenal protein of the ER. Sls1p was sedimented with membrane-rich organelles and was resistant to protease degradation without prior membrane solubilization. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a typical endoplasmic reticulum perinuclear staining. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that Sls1p resides close to the major translocation apparatus component, Sec61p. Deletion of the SLS1 gene led to a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. Synthesis of several secretory proteins was shown to be specifically reduced in delta sls1 cells. We propose that Sls1p acts in the preprotein translocation process, interacting directly with translocating polypeptides to facilitate their transfer and/or help their folding in the ER.
Natural killer (NK) cell-derived hematopoietic colony-inhibiting activity and NK cytotoxic factor. Relationship with tumor necrosis factor and synergism with immune interferon. (1985)

We characterize the natural killer (NK) cell colony-inhibiting activity (CIA) produced in supernatants from cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with NK-sensitive target cell lines, and study its relationship with NK cell-derived cytotoxic factor (NKCF). Using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for NK cells or other lymphocyte populations, we unambiguously identify NK cells as the only PBL subset able to produce both NKCF and NK-CIA. We present functional and biochemical data suggesting that NKCF and NK-CIA represent the same molecule: (a) a highly significant positive correlation exists between the quantity of NKCF and NK-CIA in supernatants independently produced by different PBL subsets; (b) both NK-CIA and NKCF are induced by culture of PBL with NK-sensitive, but not with NK-insensitive cell lines, and with HLA-DR+ bone marrow cells; (c) both NKCF and NK-CIA are absorbed on the same cell lines or bone marrow cell types; (d) the two activities coelute in the same gel filtration fractions; (e) D-mannose-6-phosphate blocks both NKCF and NK-CIA activity, and prevents their absorption by K562 cells; and (f) both NKCF and NK-CIA activity are lost after 2 d at 37 degrees C. The NK-CIA-containing preparations are devoid of antiviral activity, and antiinterferon (anti-IFN) antibodies do not block the inhibitor activity of NK-CIA. The effect of NK-CIA on day 14 (early) colony-forming units of granulocytes and macrophages (CFU-GM) is synergistic with that of IFN-gamma, and this synergy is also evident on day 7 (late) CFU-GM growth. A combination of NK-CIA and IFN-gamma suppresses late CFU-GM, at concentrations of the two lymphokines that are completely ineffective when used independently. No synergy between NK-CIA and IFN-alpha or -beta was observed, due to a direct inhibitory effect of these two IFN types on late CFU-GM. Antibodies specific for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but not those specific for lymphotoxins, inhibit both NK-CIA and NKCF activity in the NK cell-derived supernatant. Recombinant TNF, in the range of concentrations corresponding to that of the cytotoxic activity on L-929 cells present in supernatants, mediated both NKCF and NK-CIA activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Masitinib (AB1010), a Potent and Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Targeting KIT (2009)

Masitinib is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting KIT that is active, orally bioavailable in vivo, and has low toxicity.
Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. (1988)

Part I: General Concepts. Resuscitation. Practice of Emergency Medicine. Anesthesia and Pain Management. EMS. Part II: Trauma. General Concepts. Head and Spinal Trauma. Chest Trauma. Abdominal Trauma. Orthopedic Trauma. Soft Tissue Trauma. Part III: Environmental Disorders. Part IV: Selected Pediatric Problems. General Concepts, Cardiopulmonary Disorders. Gastrointestinal Disorders. Neurological Disorders. Part V: Toxicologic Problems. Part VI: Systemic Disorders. Respiratory Disorders. Cardiac Disorders. Vascular Disorders. Gastrointestinal Disorders. Hematologic and Oncologic Disorders. Neurologic Disorders. Genitourinary Disorders. Pregnancy. Metabolic and Endocrine Problems. Systemic Infections. Head and Neck Problems. Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders. Part VII: Behavioural and Societal Problems.
Essential developmental biology: a practical approach. (1993)

Part 1 Basic techniques - obtaining and handling embryos: drosophila embryos, Zandy Forbes and Philip Ingham nematode embryos, Lois G. Edgar and William B. Wood embryos and larvae of invertebrate deuterostomes, Nicholas D. Holland and Linda Z. Holland zebrafish embryos, Rachel M. Warga Xenopus, Ariel Ruis I. Altaba avian embryos, Claudio D. Stern post-implantation of mammalian embryos, Gillian M. Morriss-Kay simple tips for photomicrography of embryos, Claudio D. Stern. Part 2 Experimental embryology: fate maps and cell lineage analysis, Ariel Ruiz I. Altaba et al micro-injection into drosophila embryos, Philip Ingham and Zandy Forbes cell transplantation in xenopus, Ariel Ruiz I. Altaba transplantation in avian embryos, Claudio D. Stern chick limb buds, Cheryll tickle nuclear transplantation, John B. Gordon laser ablation of cells, Judith Eisen et al. Part 3 Cellular techniques: studying cell movements in vivo by time-lapse video microscopy, Peter V. Thorogood and Dee Amanze induction assays in Xenopus, Ariel Ruiz I. Altaba culture of avian neural crest cells, Elisabeth Dupin and Nicole M. Le Douarin embryonic stem cells and gene targeting, Elizabeth J. Robertson and Gail R. Martin introduction of genes using retroviral vectors, Jack Price. Part 4 Molecular techniques: immonocytochemistry of embryonic material, Claudio D. Stern RNAase protection assays, Ariel Ruiz I. Altaba cDNA library construction, Akira Kakizuka et al analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Peter Koopman cloning genes using the polymerase chain reaction, Peter W.H. Holland in situ hybridization, David G. Wilkinson. Appendices: stage tables suppliers of specialist items.
Expression of mouse telomerase catalytic subunit in embryos and adult tissues (1998)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeres, allowing the stable maintenance of chromosomes during multiple cell divisions. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the catalytic subunit of mouse telomerase, mTERT (mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase), an essential protein component of the telomerase complex. During embryonic development, mTERT mRNA is abundantly expressed in the whole embryo, especially in regions of intense proliferation. We found that the mTERT mRNA expression in both embryonic and adult tissues is independent of the essential RNA component of telomerase, mTR, and therefore, of the formation of active telomerase complexes. mTERT protein is present exclusively in tissues with telomerase activity, such as testis, spleen, and thymus. mTERT protein is barely detectable in the thymus of mTR-/- mice, suggesting that mTERT protein stability in this tissue may depend on the actual assembly of active telomerase complexes. Finally, we found that mouse and human telomerase catalytic subunit is located in the cell nucleus, and its localization is not regulated during cell cycle progression.
Regulation of Local Angiotensin II Formation in the Human Heart in the Presence of Interstitial Fluid (1997)

The present experimental study defines two novel inhibitory mechanisms of Ang II formation in the human heart interstitium. Heart chymase-mediated Ang II formation is strongly inhibited by the natural protease inhibitors present in the IF. Similarly, both heart ACE- and IF ACE-mediated Ang II formation appear to be inhibited by the endogenous inhibitor Ang-(1-9) formed by heart CPA-like activity. These inhibitory mechanisms provide additional information about how the Ang II concentration in the heart interstitium may be controlled.
On systematic modeling of switched capacitor DC-DC converters: Incremental graph approach (2010)

We briefly review and comment in this paper on modeling approaches aimed at systematic formulation and solution of switched capacitor DC-DC converter networks. In our review special attention was paid to computationally efficient and mathematically elegant methods. In so doing we have tried to demonstrate the virtues of incremental graph notion with its direct extensions. Relevant formulas and illustrative examples are given.
Morphology and phase stability of TiSi2 on Si (1992)

The formation mechanisms and properties of TiSi2 on Si are investigated. The particular emphasis is in relating the nucleation, morphology, and phase stability of the films. TiSi2 films were prepared by deposition of Ti on atomically clean silicon substrates in ultrahigh vacuum. The silicide formation was initiated either by in situ annealing or deposition onto heated substrates. The island formation of TiSi2 and surface and interface morphologies of TiSi2 were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The TiSi2 formation process was monitored with in situ Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction to analyze the surface concentration and the surface structures, respectively. Raman spectroscopy was used for phase identification of the TiSi2. Titanium film thicknesses from 50 to 400 Å were examined. For all thicknesses studied, the C49 TiSi2 phase is observed to nucleate. Immediately after low-temperature deposition, the interface morphology was smooth, but after reaction and nucleation of the C49 TiSi2 phase a rough interface was observed. After higher-temperature annealing the transition to the C54 TiSi2 phase was observed. For TiSi2 on Si(111), the interface becomes smooth and flat. The temperature of the C49-to-C54 transition was observed to vary as a function of film thickness and substrate orientation. The films exhibited island formation after high-temperature annealing. For similar Ti thicknesses and annealing temperature, different areal coverages and island morphologies of TiSi2 on Si(100) and Si(111) were observed. The island morphologies are modeled and analyzed based on a liquid-liquid model, and the surface and interface energies for different TiSi2 island structures are deduced from contact angle measurements. The C49 nucleation, interface morphologies, surface morphologies, and the C49-to-C54 structural phase transition are discussed in terms of surface and bulk free-energy considerations.
Contact-dependent inhibition of EGFR signaling by Nf2/Merlin (2007)

The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor, Merlin, is a membrane/cytoskeleton-associated protein that mediates contact-dependent inhibition of proliferation. Here we show that upon cell-cell contact Merlin coordinates the processes of adherens junction stabilization and negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by restraining the EGFR into a membrane compartment from which it can neither signal nor be internalized. In confluent Nf2(-/-) cells, EGFR activation persists, driving continued proliferation that is halted by specific EGFR inhibitors. These studies define a new mechanism of tumor suppression, provide mechanistic insight into the poorly understood phenomenon of contact-dependent inhibition of proliferation, and suggest a therapeutic strategy for NF2-mutant tumors.
<title>Comprehensive simulation study of the photomask defects printability</title> (1995)

Optical lithography will continue to be a leading patterning technology for 256 Mb and 1 GB DRAM production. As the device size diminishes, all the links of the technological chain must be significantly improved. Photomask technology then becomes one of the critical issues for the semiconductor industry. It is already admitted that only a combination of PSM technology coupled with OPC and state-of-the-art illumination schemes will allow the printing of 0.18 micrometer patterns using optical lithography. It has been shown that new patterning techniques may significantly degenerate mask defect tolerance. This will certainly require a new look at the mask defects detection and classification. A new 'process window' concept proposed by KLA has been applied to the mask defects printability study. Both conventional (chrome) and phase shifted (half-tone) masks have been examined. OPC corrected layouts were studied with a variety of defect types, sizes, and locations. 'Ideal' vs 'real' (corner rounding) reticles were tested. In addition, the impact of substrate reflectivity and photoresist contrast on defect printability has been determined using full scale 3D simulation. We found that implementing the OPC technique may produce new types of defects, and therefore requires a new defect classification.