gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of sample injection components in electrokinetic microfluidic systems (1999)

This paper presents experimental data, simulation tools (FlumeCAD), simulation results, and their use together to analyze and improve the designs of electrokinetic injection and switching components for microchemical fluidic systems.
Wavelet-based Indoor Object Recognition through Human Interaction (2003)

In this paper a preliminary work towards grounded robot concept learning through its vision system and human interaction is presented. With a lifelong learning server, introduced in previous work [7], the robot can learn to recognize instances of such concepts as &amp;quot;Person&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Trash-can&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Triangle sign&amp;quot; from the Haar wavelet transform of its vision space based on the instruction of a human teacher. Some experimental results and comparison with our previous work are also presented.
Phase fluorometric sterilizable optical oxygen sensor (1994)

We report here on a low-cost, optical oxygen sensor as an attractive alternative to the widely used amperometric Clark-type oxygen electrode for measuring dissolved oxygen tensions in cell cultures and bioreactor. Our sensor is based on the defferential quenching of the fluorescence lifetime of chromophore in response to the partial pressure of oxygen. This is measured as a phase shift in fluorescence emission from the chromophore due to oxygen quenching when excited by an intensity modulated beam of light. In this article we demonstrate the advantages of lifetime-based optical methods over both intensity based optical methods and amperometric electrodes. Our sensor is particularly suitable for measuring dissolved oxygen in bioreactors. It is autoclavable, is free of maintenance requirements, and solvents the problems of long-term stability, calibration drifts, and reliable measurement of low oxygen tensions in dense microbial cultures that limit the utility of Clark-type elcectordes. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A sensitivity study of the key parameters in the interfacial photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate upon porcine islets (1998)

A method has been defined to interfacially photopolymerize poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (PEG diacrylates) to form a crosslinked hydrogel membrane upon the surfaces of porcine islets of Langerhans to serve as an immune barrier for allo- and xenotransplantation. A sensitivity study of six key parameters in the interfacial photopolymerization process was performed to aid in determination of the optimal encapsulation conditions, leading to the most uniform hydrogel membranes and viable islets. The key parameters included the concentrations of the components of the initiation scheme, namely eosin Y, triethanolamine, and 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidinone. Other parameters investigated included the duration and flux of laser irradiation and the PEG diacrylate molecular weight. Each parameter was doubled and halved from the standard conditions used in the encapsulation process while holding all the remaining parameters at the standard conditions. The effects of changing each parameter on islet viability, encapsulation efficiency, and gel thickness were quantified. Islet viability was sensitive to the duration of laser illumination, viability significantly increasing as the duration was reduced. Encapsulation efficiency was sensitive to the concentrations of eosin Y, triethanolamine, and 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidinone, to the laser flux, and to the PEG diacrylate molecular weight. Increasing the concentration of eosin Y significantly improved the encapsulation efficiency, while decreasing the concentration of 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidinone and increasing the concentration of triethanolamine had the greatest effects in significantly reducing the encapsulation efficiency. Gel thickness was sensitive to the concentrations of triethanolamine and 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidinone, to the duration of laser illumination, and to the PEG diacrylate molecular weight. Increasing the PEG diacrylate molecular weight significantly increased the gel thickness, while decreasing the concentration of 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidinone and increasing the concentration of triethanolamine had the greatest effects in significantly reducing the gel thickness. From this sensitivity study, conditions were determined to encapsulate porcine islets, resulting in greater than 90% islet viability and greater than 90% encapsulation efficiency.
Groundwater Protection and Unconventional Gas Extraction: The Critical Need for Field‐Based Hydrogeological Research (2013)

Unconventional natural gas extraction from tight sandstones, shales, and some coal-beds is typically accomplished by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that is necessary for economic development of these new hydrocarbon resources. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for contamination of shallow groundwater by stray gases, formation waters, and fracturing chemicals associated with unconventional gas exploration. A lack of sound scientific hydrogeological field observations and a scarcity of published peer-reviewed articles on the effects of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities on shallow groundwater make it difficult to address these issues. Here, we discuss several case studies related to both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities illustrating how under some circumstances stray or fugitive gas from deep gas-rich formations has migrated from the subsurface into shallow aquifers and how it has affected groundwater quality. Examples include impacts of uncemented well annuli in areas of historic drilling operations, effects related to poor cement bonding in both new and old hydrocarbon wells, and ineffective cementing practices. We also summarize studies describing how structural features influence the role of natural and induced fractures as contaminant fluid migration pathways. On the basis of these studies, we identify two areas where field-focused research is urgently needed to fill current science gaps related to unconventional gas extraction: (1) baseline geochemical mapping (with time series sampling from a sufficient network of groundwater monitoring wells) and (2) field testing of potential mechanisms and pathways by which hydrocarbon gases, reservoir fluids, and fracturing chemicals might potentially invade and contaminate useable groundwater.
Open Reading Frames Carried on UL/b′ Are Implicated in Shedding and Horizontal Transmission of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus in Rhesus Monkeys (2011)

Implicit with the use of animal models to test human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccines is the assumption that the viral challenge of vaccinated animals reflects the anticipated virus-host interactions following exposure of vaccinated humans to HCMV. Variables of animal vaccine studies include the route of exposure to and the titer of challenge virus, as well as the genomic coding content of the challenge virus. This study was initiated to provide a better context for conducting vaccine trials with nonhuman primates by determining whether the in vivo phenotype of culture-passaged strains of rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) is comparable to that of wild-type RhCMV (RhCMV-WT), particularly in relation to the shedding of virus into bodily fluids and the potential for horizontal transmission. Results of this study demonstrate that two strains containing a full-length UL/b' region of the RhCMV genome, which encodes proteins involved in epithelial tropism and immune evasion, were persistently shed in large amounts in bodily fluids and horizontally transmitted, whereas a strain lacking a complete UL/b' region was not shed or transmitted to cagemates. Shedding patterns exhibited by strains encoding a complete UL/b' region were consistent with patterns observed in naturally infected monkeys, the majority of whom persistently shed high levels of virus in saliva for extended periods of time after seroconversion. Frequent viral shedding contributed to a high rate of infection, with RhCMV-infected monkeys transmitting virus to one naïve animal every 7 weeks after introduction of RhCMV-WT into an uninfected cohort. These results demonstrate that the RhCMV model can be designed to rigorously reflect the challenges facing HCMV vaccine trials, particularly those related to horizontal transmission.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Diaryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐ol Derivatives as Potential COX‐2 Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and norepinephrine depleting activity of some metaraminol ethers (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and norepinephrine depleting activity of some metaraminol ethersWalfred S. Saari, Andrew W. Raab, William H. Staas, M. L. Torchiana, Curt Culwell Porter, and Clement Addison StoneCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 6, 1057–1061Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00300a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00300a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-23 Is Increased in Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Down-Regulation of IL-23 by Antisense Oligos Increases Dendritic Cell IL-10 Production (2006)

Abstract IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine comprising a p19 subunit associated with the IL-12/23p40 subunit. Like IL-12, IL-23 is expressed predominantly by activated dendritic cells (DCs) and phagocytic cells, and both cytokines induce IFN-γ secretion by T cells. The induction of experimental autoimmune encephalitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), occurs in mice lacking IL-12, but not in mice with targeted disruption of IL-23 or both IL-12 and IL-23. Thus, IL-23 expression in DCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases such as MS. We quantified the expression of IL-23 in monocyte-derived DCs in MS patients and healthy donors and found that DCs from MS patients secrete elevated amounts of IL-23 and express increased levels of IL-23p19 mRNA. Consistent with this abnormality, we found increased IL-17 production by T cells from MS patients. We then transfected monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors with antisense oligonucleotides specific for the IL-23p19 and IL-12p35 genes and found potent suppression of gene expression and blockade of bioactive IL-23 and IL-12 production without affecting cellular viability or DCs maturation. Inhibition of IL-23 and IL-12 was associated with increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α production. Furthermore, transfected DCs were poor allostimulators in the MLR. Our results demonstrate that an abnormal Th1 bias in DCs from MS patients related to IL-23 exists, and that antisense oligonucleotides specific to IL-23 can be used for immune modulation by targeting DC gene expression.
The Rediscovery of the Lost Twin: An account of therapy for a child and his parents (1988)

ABSTRACT. A tame‐year‐old boy whose twin brother had died at birth presented will longstanding, severe psychosomatic symptoms previously resistant to treatment. A combination of milieu and an therapy for the child together with parent and family interviews proud asst in allowing suppressed grief to be acknowledged by parents and child, with consequential alleviation of his symptoms and resumption of normal development and social progress.
LIF: Not Just a Leukemia Inhibitory Factor* (1991)

Increasingly it seems that many cytokines are pleiotropic, and individual molecules may have critical roles in several different organ systems. LIF exemplifies this phenomenon: it influences embryogenesis, bone and lipid metabolism, and hematopoietic and nervous system function. Many of LIF's effects are reminiscent of those of IL-1, TNF, and TGF-beta. Further, even within a single system, LIF can display totally different effects, i.e. induction of differentiation of one leukemic cell line vs. stimulation of proliferation of another. The corollary to these observations is that there appears to be many parallels in developmental systems. For instance, in the case of neuronal "lineage commitment," the events that relate to migration of neural crest cells along various pathways and their ultimate arrest in different locales demonstrate sufficient analogies to hematopoietic lineage commitment phenomena that, in a provocative review, Anderson coined the term "neuropoiesis". This type of analogy becomes even more intriguing when one realizes that some of the same molecules are regulating neuronal and hematopoietic "lineage" proliferation and differentiation. In this respect, several interleukins in addition to LIF are important in neuronal development, and nerve growth factor turns out to also be a hematopoietic regulatory molecule. Similar parallels are enacted in other organ systems as well. The mediation of identical effects by distinct cytokines bound to unique receptors could conceivably be explained by receptor transmodulation or by overlapping signaling sequences. It is nevertheless also unclear how a single cytokine attached to a single receptor can accomplish varied and opposing effects, although divergent intracellular signaling mechanisms could account for some of these phenomena. Yet another enigma relates to how cells from one system can be properly influenced by a pleiotropic molecule such as LIF without significant "cross-effects" on other potentially responsive systems. Cytokine production that is restricted to certain developmental stages, or very localized distribution and spheres of influence within a microenvironment, could be explanatory. The findings of Rathjan and colleagues, i.e. that LIF exists as both a diffusible molecule and as a molecule incorporated into the extracellular matrix, is of special interest in relation to the above questions. Indeed, the distinctions between the roles of diffusible and immobilized signaling molecules could be crucial to the multiplicity of LIF's actions. Diffusible regulatory factors allow communication between spatially separated cells. Cellular responsiveness to such factors is dictated by the presence of appropriate receptors and postreceptor machinery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Systems aspects of Raman fibre amplifiers (1990)

Two distinct operating regimes for Raman amplification are identified. In the first case, distributed Raman gain in standard system fibre is used to improve the end-to-end system performance, as demonstrated with the reduction of the loss of a 100 km link of dispersion-shifted fibre from 21 dB to only 13 dB. In the second case, high index difference small core optical fibres have been developed for use as discrete Raman amplifiers, such as transmitter power amplifiers in transmission systems. The saturation performance of the amplifier has been investigated and shows promise for high efficiency high power operation.
Embedding the Ni-SOD Mimetic Ni-NCC within a Polypeptide Sequence Alters the Specificity of the Reaction Pathway (2012)

The unique metal abstracting peptide asparagine-cysteine-cysteine (NCC) binds nickel in a square planar 2N:2S geometry and acts as a mimic of the enzyme nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD). The Ni-NCC tripeptide complex undergoes rapid, site-specific chiral inversion to dld-NCC in the presence of oxygen. Superoxide scavenging activity increases proportionally with the degree of chiral inversion. Characterization of the NCC sequence within longer peptides with absorption, circular dichroism (CD), and magnetic CD (MCD) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry (MS) shows that the geometry of metal coordination is maintained, though the electronic properties of the complex are varied to a small extent because of bis-amide, rather than amine/amide, coordination. In addition, both Ni-tripeptide and Ni-pentapeptide complexes have charges of -2. This study demonstrates that the chiral inversion chemistry does not occur when NCC is embedded in a longer polypeptide sequence. Nonetheless, the superoxide scavenging reactivity of the embedded Ni-NCC module is similar to that of the chirally inverted tripeptide complex, which is consistent with a minor change in the reduction potential for the Ni-pentapeptide complex. Together, this suggests that the charge of the complex could affect the SOD activity as much as a change in the primary coordination sphere. In Ni-NCC and other Ni-SOD mimics, changes in chirality, superoxide scavenging activity, and oxidation of the peptide itself all depend on the presence of dioxygen or its reduced derivatives (e.g., superoxide), and the extent to which each of these distinct reactions occurs is ruled by electronic and steric effects that emenate from the organization of ligands around the metal center.
Effective hemostasis with rFVIIa treatment in two patients with severe thrombocytopenia and life‐threatening hemorrhage (2002)

We report two patients with severe thrombocytopenia and life-threatening bleeding that were successfully managed with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). The first was a 75-year-old male with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. During a therapeutic course with fludarabine, he developed severe autoimmune thrombocytopenia resistant to conventional treatment, followed by persistent uncontrollable nasal bleeding. Platelet transfusions failed to increase the platelet count and control the hemorrhage. When hemoglobin levels fell below 8.5 g/dL and the patient's clinical condition got much worse, a single dose of 4.8 mg rFVIIa (90 microg/kg) was given as an i.v. bolus. Ten minutes after the rFVIIa injection, nasal bleeding stopped, the patient's clinical condition progressively improved, and splenectomy could be carried out uneventfully 2 days later. The second patient, a 52-year-old female, was under treatment for pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia. She developed severe thrombocytopenia, secondary to chemotherapy, complicated by massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite intensive treatment with platelet transfusions, hemorrhage continued and her condition deteriorated rapidly. She was then given an i.v. bolus injection of 4.8 mg rFVIIa, which resulted in cessation of hemorrhage and dramatic improvement of her clinical status. No adverse effects from the treatment with rFVIIa were observed. In conclusion, rFVIIa appears to be an attractive alternative for controlling hemorrhage in patients with severe thrombocytopenia, especially when platelet transfusions are unavailable or ineffective.
Assignment of interchain disulfide bonds in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and evidence for agonist activity of monomeric PDGF. (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric factor stabilized by disulfide bonds. Using an approach involving partial reduction of PDGF, we have identified the 2nd and 4th cysteine residues in the PDGF chains as the cysteine residues forming interchain disulfide bonds. Analysis of PDGF mutants in which the 2nd and 4th cysteine residues were mutated to serine residues revealed that the disulfide bonds are arranged in a cross-wise manner, with the 2nd cysteine residue in one chain being linked to the 4th cysteine residue in the other. A PDGF B-chain mutant, in which both the 2nd and 4th cysteine residues were substituted with serine residues, migrated as a monomer in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and retained receptor binding activity. When analyzed in receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation assays, this mutant showed agonistic activity. Thus, structural information has been obtained that will allow the large scale production of properly folded monomeric PDGF, as well as design of specific PDGF heterodimers.
Detection of a recombinant murine leukemia virus-related glycoprotein on virus-negative thymoma cells. (1981)

X-irradiation of outbred Swiss mice resulted in the development of virus-free thymomas. When put in culture, a lymphoblastic cell line (NIXT) expressed neither particles nor infectious virus but supported the growth of pure ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) without generating any envelope recombinant (RM) MuLV in more than 20 months of culture. These cells did not support the growth of RM-MuLVs and completely excluded the entry of all RM-MuLV pseudotypes of murine sarcoma virus, suggesting specific viral interference. Radioimmunocompetition and immunofluorescence assays with broadly reactive anti-MuLV-p30 and -gp70 antisera were negative. However, in immunofluorescence with antisera specifically reactive against RM-MuLV gp70, about 5-20% of the population of parental cells or their clones were positive. NIXT cells treated with this antiserum bound protein A and exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity as assessed by several assays. NIXT cells could partially absorb neutralizing antibody specific for RM-MuLVs. Based on radioimmunoprecipitation tests, NIXT cells bore, on the cell surface, a glycosylated protein (gp70) reactive with RM subgroup as well as some group-specific anti-gp70 antisera. The glycoprotein was also found free in the supernates of NIXT cells. Using affinity chromatography, we determined the peptide pattern of the gp70 from NIXT cells to determine its structural relationship to gp70s of other MuLVs. NIXT gp70 was found to be highly related to class III endogenous xenotropic gp70s but, in addition, had peptide characteristics of RM-gp70s. Apparently, NIXT cells code for an unusual gp70 protein in the absence of other MuLV expression. The possible role of this glycoprotein in leukemogenesis is discussed.
Specific, major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted recognition of tumor-associated mucins by human cytotoxic T cells. (1989)

We have previously reported the establishment of cytotoxic T-cell lines from pancreatic cancer patients, by continuously stimulating tumor-draining lymph node cells with allogeneic pancreatic tumor cell lines. After the preliminary characterization of their phenotype and tumor specificity, detailed studies performed with one of the cell lines, W.D., show that it recognizes a specific antigen, a large and heavily glycosylated mucin molecule, expressed on pancreatic and breast tumors and tumor cell lines. Although this recognition appears major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted, the antigen receptor used by the cytotoxic T cell is the alpha/beta heterodimer, typically found on MHC-restricted T cells. The target antigen is atypical, however, in its ability to directly bind and activate the T cells in the absence of self MHC, presumably by abundant and regularly repeated antigenic epitopes. These findings are important because they demonstrate a specific T-cell response against a human tumor-associated antigen. In addition to pancreatic and breast tumors, various mucin molecules are known to be produced by other tumors of epithelial cell origin and could be expected to stimulate similar T-cell-mediated immune responses.