gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Metal Microelectrodes for the Detection of Dopamine (2015)

Microelectrodes modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are useful for the detection of neurotransmitters because the CNTs enhance sensitivity and have electrocatalytic effects. CNTs can be grown on carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) but the intrinsic electrochemical activity of carbon fibers makes evaluating the effect of CNT enhancement difficult. Metal wires are highly conductive and many metals have no intrinsic electrochemical activity for dopamine, so we investigated CNTs grown on metal wires as microelectrodes for neurotransmitter detection. In this work, we successfully grew CNTs on niobium substrates for the first time. Instead of planar metal surfaces, metal wires with a diameter of only 25 μm were used as CNT substrates; these have potential in tissue applications due to their minimal tissue damage and high spatial resolution. Scanning electron microscopy shows that aligned CNTs are grown on metal wires after chemical vapor deposition. By use of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, CNT-coated niobium (CNT-Nb) microelectrodes exhibit higher sensitivity and lower ΔEp value compared to CNTs grown on carbon fibers or other metal wires. The limit of detection for dopamine at CNT-Nb microelectrodes is 11 ± 1 nM, which is approximately 2-fold lower than that of bare CFMEs. Adsorption processes were modeled with a Langmuir isotherm, and detection of other neurochemicals was also characterized, including ascorbic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin, adenosine, and histamine. CNT-Nb microelectrodes were used to monitor stimulated dopamine release in anesthetized rats with high sensitivity. This study demonstrates that CNT-grown metal microelectrodes, especially CNTs grown on Nb microelectrodes, are useful for monitoring neurotransmitters.
An introduction to TSAPI and network telephony (1996)

Discusses the integration of the telephone into the desktop work environment. This objective can be achieved in a number of different ways. The approach described uses the client-server model. Network telephony is a service that provides the capability to establish, answer, route, and terminate telephone calls under the control of applications on either desktop computers or servers resident in the network. It is accessed by applications via a standard programming interface (telephony services application programming interface, TSAPI) and utilizes a centralized server-based interface with the private branch exchange (PBX) to access the switching and telephone control services that the PBX provides. Creating a logical control link between the application software on the desktop computer and the telephone on the desk eliminates the need to physically connect the telephone to the desktop computer. The author distinguishes between the application programming interface and the network telephony service provider. The author assumes the services are provided by NTS R2.2 release and a PBX-based switching service. However, the author uses the term PBX to include switching services provided by key telephone or hybrid systems, PC-based telephony cards, or other appropriate technologies.
Emergency control of power system frequency using flywheel energy injection (1991)

The automatic disconnection of generating plant under fault conditions presents special problems in isolated small to medium sized power systems. To give an insight into this specific area of power system dynamics, a relatively simple but sufficiently accurate power system model is proposed, to examine the response of power system frequency and demand to an unscheduled generation outage. Using results obtained from this investigation, it is proposed to utilise a flywheel energy storage and retrieval scheme of modest capacity for reduction of load curtailment and replacement of conventional spinning reserve-thus contributing to a reduction of the most significant costs associated with unscheduled power system outages. >
Multiple therapeutic peptide vaccines consisting of combined novel cancer testis antigens and anti-angiogenic peptides for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

These studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00633724 and NCT00874588.
<title>Identification of enamel and dentine under tooth laser treatment</title> (1996)

This paper is to originally present the results of a research of temporal and frequency structures of laser pulse and laser-induced acoustic one generated in human tooth enamel and dentine. An impact of tooth surface water spray on a deformation character of laser-induced acoustic signal frequency Fourier-spectrum has been defined also.
Extracting contact parameters from tactile data using artificial neural networks (2002)

In this paper neural networks are used to recover contact parameters from tactile sensor data. Tactile sensors are typically modeled using linear elasticity. Even under strong assumptions, these models are very difficult to solve. The finite-element method (FEM) provides a more accurate and realistic alternative to construct and solve models of a tactile sensor. The solutions obtained using the FEM, however, are numerical and do not directly provide analytical relationships between the sensor output and the contact parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANN), therefore, provide an ideal method to model these relationships, whereby the stress distributions and the associated contact parameters serve as the training data. We describe in this paper our attempt at using ANN to compute the contact parameters of contact force (both tangential and normal), indenter width, and indenter position. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach.
Analysis of spiculation in the computerized classification of mammographic masses (1995)

Spiculation is a primary sign of malignancy for masses detected by mammography. In this study, we developed a technique that analyzes patterns and quantifies the degree of spiculation present. Our current approach involves (1) automatic lesion extraction using region growing and (2) feature extraction using radial edge‐gradient analysis. Two spiculation measures are obtained from an analysis of radial edge gradients. These measures are evaluated in four different neighborhoods about the extracted mammographic mass. The performance of each of the two measures of spiculation was tested on a database of 95 mammographic masses using ROC analysis that evaluates their individual ability to determine the likelihood of malignancy of a mass. The dependence of the performance of these measures on the choice of neighborhood was analyzed. We have found that it is only necessary to accurately extract an approximate outline of a mass lesion for the purposes of this analysis since the choice of a neighborhood that accommodates the thin spicules at the margin allows for the assessment of margin spiculation with the radial edge‐gradient analysis technique. The two measures performed at their highest level when the surrounding periphery of the extracted region is used for feature extraction, yielding A z values of 0.83 and 0.85, respectively, for the determination of malignancy. These are similar to that achieved when a radiologist's ratings of spiculation ( A z =0.85) are used alone. The maximum value of one of the two spiculation measures (FWHM) from the four neighborhoods yielded an A z of 0.88 in the classification of mammographic mass lesions.
Optically pure (+)-nicotine from (.+-.)-nicotine and biological comparisons with (-)-nicotine (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptically pure (+)-nicotine from (.+-.)-nicotine and biological comparisons with (-)-nicotineMario D. Aceto, Billy R. Martin, Ibrahim M. Uwaydah, Everette L. May, Louis S. Harris, Consuelo Izazola-Conde, William L. Dewey, Thomas J. Bradshaw, and W. C. VincekCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 2, 174–177Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00188a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00188a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early influences on blood pressure: a study of children aged 5-7 years. (1989)

Influences acting in early life may be important determinants of blood pressure in the first decade. The relation between birth weight and blood pressure may reflect the rate of weight gain in infancy. The reasons for the relation with birth rank and maternal age are unknown; if confirmed they imply that delayed motherhood and smaller family size may be associated with higher blood pressure in offspring.
TR4 nuclear receptor promotes prostate cancer metastasis via upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 signaling (2014)

Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) plays protective roles against oxidative stress and DNA damage and might contribute to aging. Our recent clinical tumor tissue staining results showed higher expression of TR4 in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with high Gleason scores compared to the tissues with the low Gleason scores. In vitro migration/invasion assays after manipulation of the TR4 expression in PCa cells showed that TR4 promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Mechanism dissection found that the CCL2/CCR2 signal plays the key role in the mediation of TR4-promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Luciferase assays further confirmed TR4 modulation of CCL2 at the transcriptional level and addition of the CCR2 antagonist led to interruption of the TR4-enhanced PCa cells migration/invasion. Finally, the orthotopic xenografted mice studies using the luciferase expressing CWR22Rv1 cells found that TR4 enhanced PCa metastasis and this increased metastasis was reversed when the CCR2 antagonist was injected into the mice. Together, these in vitro and in vivo results revealed a positive role of TR4 in PCa metastasis and demonstrated CCL2/CCR2 signaling as an important mediator in exerting TR4 action. This finding suggests that TR4 may represent a biomarker related to PCa metastasis and targeting the TR4-CCL2/CCR2 axis may become a new therapeutic approach to battle PCa metastasis.
Deletion of cytoplasmic sequences of the nerve growth factor receptor leads to loss of high affinity ligand binding. (1990)

The nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor is a glycosylated transmembrane protein present on the cell surface as both high and low affinity forms, but biological responsiveness requires interactions of NGF with the high affinity site. We have tested the effects of mutations in the intracellular domain of the receptor upon its cell surface expression and equilibrium binding of 125I-NGF. Although mutant receptors lacking the entire cytoplasmic domain are processed and expressed at the cell surface and are capable of binding to NGF, the absence of cytoplasmic sequences leads to a loss of high affinity binding and to a lack of an appropriate cross-linking pattern as assessed by N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate photoaffinity cross-linking. These results, taken together with the highly conserved nature of these cytoplasmic sequences, implies that the interaction of the receptor with an accessory molecule is necessary to form the high affinity receptor.
Coarse-grained simulations of ABA amphiphilic triblock copolymer solutions in thin films (2007)

We study a coarse-grained model of A(10)-B(20)-A(10) amphiphilic triblock copolymers in aqueous solution under confinement. We focus on the influence of the wall interaction on the morphology of the ensuing self-assembled structures. We also study the dynamics of the polymers. All our simulations are confined between two walls. We study three different combinations of walls: hydrophobic and hydrophobic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, hydrophilic and hydrophilic. We moreover elucidate the concentration influence. The conformation and behavior of the copolymer in strongly confined systems depend on the type of wall interaction and concentration.
Rate of red cell production in two nephrectomized patients (1968)

Erythrokinetic studies on two anephric and asplenic patients are described. The patients were nephrectomized in preparation for renal homotransplantation and maintained on hemodialysis for six and eight months. Results of these studies indicate that despite absence of kidneys and spleen, and intrinsic base line erythropoietic activity remains, with a relatively constant and persistent reticulocyte production and radioiron turnover. Autonomy of this erythropoietic activity was apparent by lack of responsiveness to induced anemia and polycythemia. In the second patient a reticulocytosis and increased iron turnover occurred five months postnephrectomy. This was accompanied by significant plasma titers of erythropoietin-like substance. A renin-like enzyme was also found in the plasma of both patients. These observations suggest the existence of an autonomous base line erythropoietic activity of bone marrow and a possible functional relationship between inappropriate secretion of extrarenal "erythropoietin" and extrarenal "renin."
Monolayer-Protected Cluster Molecules (1999)

In this report, we evaluate the present state of the rapidly emerging field of monolayer-protected cluster (MPC) molecules with regard to their synthesis and monolayer functionalization, their core and monolayer structure, their composition, and their properties. Finally, we canvass some of the important remaining research opportunities involving MPCs.
Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit (2003)

In this Letter, we explore transmission properties of a single subwavelength slit flanked by a finite array of grooves made on a thick metallic film. We identify three main mechanisms that can enhance optical transmission: groove cavity mode excitation (controlled by the depth of the grooves), in-phase groove reemission (controlled by the period of the groove array), and slit waveguide mode (controlled by the thickness of the metal film). By tuning these geometrical parameters, enhancements of transmission of light by up to 2 orders of magnitude can be achieved when all three mechanisms coincide. Experimental verification of these findings is also shown for structured silver films fabricated by focused-ion-beam milling.
An empirical study of vulnerability rewards programs (2013)

We perform an empirical study to better understand two well-known vulnerability rewards programs, or VRPs, which software vendors use to encourage community participation in finding and responsibly disclosing software vulnerabilities. The Chrome VRP has cost approximately $580,000 over 3 years and has resulted in 501 bounties paid for the identification of security vulnerabilities. The Firefox VRP has cost approximately $570,000 over the last 3 years and has yielded 190 bounties. 28% of Chrome’s patched vulnerabilities appearing in security advisories over this period, and 24 % of Firefox’s, are the result of VRP contributions. Both programs appear economically efficient, comparing favorably to the cost of hiring full-time security researchers. The Chrome VRP features low expected payouts accompanied by high potential payouts, while the Firefox VRP features fixed payouts. Finding vulnerabilities for VRPs typically does not yield a salary comparable to a full-time job; the common case for recipients of rewards in either program is that they have received only one reward. Firefox has far more critical-severity vulnerabilities than Chrome, which we believe is attributable to an architectural difference between the two browsers. 1
Prognostic Significance of the Proliferation Index in Surgically Resected Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1993)

Measurement of the proliferation index, as derived from quantitative Ki-67 immunostaining and analyzed by image cytometry, may provide significant complementary, if not independent, prognostic information for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
Use of porcine renal capsule matrix as a full-thickness dermal wound-healing material in rats (2005)

The results show that RCM is equivalent to SIS for the treatment of full-thickness wounds and that these materials may enhance wound healing in terms of wound-tissue collagenisation and maturation. These materials therefore merit further study in other wound-care models.
The Spectrum of Mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 in Women with Tuberous Sclerosis and Lymphangiomyomatosis (2001)

Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive and often fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by a diffuse proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs. LAM is of unusual interest biologically because it affects almost exclusively young women. LAM can occur as an isolated disorder (sporadic LAM) or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Because only a minority of women with TSC develops symptomatic LAM, we hypothesized that a relationship might exist between the type of germline TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutation and the risk of developing LAM. We examined all 41 exons of the TSC2 gene and 21 coding exons of the TSC1 gene for mutations in a group of 14 women with both TSC and LAM using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Seven mutations were found in TSC2 and one in TSC1. Of the seven patients with TSC2 mutations, two had the same in-frame exon 40 deletion and one had an exon 41 missense change. We conclude that germline mutations in the extreme carboxy-terminus of tuberin can result in LAM. Further studies will be required to determine whether mutations in exons 40 and 41 are associated with an increased incidence and/or severity of LAM in women with TSC.
Conclusions (2002)

This chapter presents the conclusions of the research. It begins by looking at the methodological issues and assesses the appropriateness of the research methodology employed. Following the discussion of the methodological issues, the chapter then moves on to look at the significance and relevance of the findings in terms of 'situating' intranets/extranets in the overall context of IT in general, and knowledge management in particular. Finally, as this is a relatively new area being subjected to in-depth analysis, some suggestions for further work are presented.KeywordsKnowledge ManagementApplication DevelopmentSales ManagerSmall Case StudyExist Power RelationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A unified theory of garbage collection (2004)

Tracing and reference counting are uniformly viewed as being fundamentally different approaches to garbage collection that possess very distinct performance properties. We have implemented high-performance collectors of both types, and in the process observed that the more we optimized them, the more similarly they behaved - that they seem to share some deep structure.
The Effects of HIV Infection on Oral Mucosal Immunity (2006)

Oral mucosal infections, especially candidiasis, are a feature of HIV disease, suggesting that compromised mucosal immunity within the oral cavity is a consequence of the viral infection. However, how this mucosal immunity is compromised and at what stage of HIV infection this occurs are unclear. Better understanding of the protection of the oral cavity against infection has allowed us to gain some insight into the local consequences of HIV infection. From a humoral perpective, IgA2 subclasses are reduced in HIV infection in saliva, and total secretory IgA levels are reduced in later disease. Similarly, mucosal antibody responses appear near normal in early HIV infection but reduced in AIDS. There is now convincing evidence that salivary IgA can be neutralizing to HIV 1 and HIV 2, as well as block epithelial transmigration. Oral cellular immunity is also affected by HIV infection. Transmission of HIV from one oral cell type to another appears to be confirmed by work showing that HIV can bind to or infect epithelial cells, Langerhans cells, and other mucosal cells. CXCR4 tropic (via GalCer and CXCR4) and dual tropic HIV strains have been shown to be able to infect normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs), and infectious HIV virions can also be conveyed from NHOKs to activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a potential role of oral epithelial cells in the transmission of HIV infection. There is evidence of up-regulation of various receptors, including HIV receptors, on the surface of oral epithelium, and the epithelium may become more permeable. HIV may exploit this antigen uptake mechanism to cross epithelial barriers during co-infection with damage-inducing pathogens such as Candida. Immune responsiveness to many of the co-pathogens associated with HIV has been demonstrated to depend on a family of innate recognition molecules, known as Toll-like receptors (TLR), and recognition of a single pathogen can involve activation of multiple TLRs. Consequently, TLR-pathogen interactions could play an indirect but major role in regulating HIV-associated disease in the oral cavity. Thus, HIV infection appears to have both direct and indirect effects on oral mucosal immunity, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity as well as both specific and innate immunity.
Distinctive localization of antigen-presenting cells in human lymph nodes (2008)

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are sentinel cells of the immune system that present antigen to T lymphocytes and mediate an appropriate immune response. It is therefore surprising that knowledge of the professional APCs in human lymph nodes is limited. Using 3-color immunohistochemistry, we have identified APCs in human lymph nodes, excluding plasmacytoid APCs, that fall into 2 nonoverlapping classes: (1) CD209+ APCs, coexpressing combinations of CD206, CD14, and CD68, that occupied the medullary cords, lined the capsule and trabeculae and were also scattered throughout the diffuse T-lymphocyte areas of the paracortex; and (2) APCs expressing combinations of CD1a, CD207, and CD208, that were always restricted to the paracortex. Surprisingly, this second class of APCs was almost entirely absent from many lymph nodes. Our data suggest that most CD208+ cells, often referred to as "interdigitating cells," derive from migratory APCs, and that the major APC subset consistently resident in the paracortex of human lymph nodes is the CD209+ subset. All APC subsets were demonstrated to be in close contact with the fibroreticular network. The identification of 2 distinct APC populations in the paracortex of human lymph nodes has important implications for understanding T-lymphocyte responses and optimizing vaccine design.