gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete Durable Response From Carboplatin and Olaparib in a Heavily Pretreated Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer With Germline BRCA2 and “BRCAness” Mutations (2016)

Case Presentation, Management, and Outcome The patient is a 62-year-old female with stage IV triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomaof the left breast, cT3N1M1, nuclear grade3,diagnosed in July2013(Fig 1A). She was treated with dose-dense doxorubicin 60 mg/mandcyclophosphamide600mg/m for four cycles followed by paclitaxel once per week starting in November 2013. She had a good response in the left breast and pulmonary nodules per scans. After discussion, she had a simple mastectomy in January 2014. Pathology revealed two foci of residual invasive ductal carcinomawith treatment effect (0.11 cm and 0.1 cm) and ductal carcinoma in situ with comedo necrosis. Three sentinel lymph nodes were negative. In July 2014, progression was found in the lung, and the largest pulmonary nodule was 6.4 mm. While undergoing restaging work-up in August, magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain showed a 3-cm mass in the left frontal lobe. The resected lesion showed metastatic adenocarcinoma positive for PTEN loss, BRCA2 9435_9436delGT,MYC amplification, TP53 R196*, FAS loss, and RB1 loss according to a next-generation sequencing-based assay from FoundationOne. The left frontal area was treated with Gamma Knife surgery in September. Gemcitabine 800 mg/m on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks was started in October. Because of progression in January 2015, the patient was considered for the Study of Glembatumumab Vedotin (CDX-011) in Patients With Metastatic, gpNMB Over-Expressing, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (METRIC) trial. She was tested for BRCA at the same time, and Integrated BRCAnalysis confirmed germline BRCA2 mutation of 9663delGT. Her breast tumor had glycoprotein NMB overexpression, but she was randomly assigned to the control arm with capecitabine 1,250 mg/m. On the basis of scans, she had stable disease by mid-March. In May, capecitabine was stopped because of progression (Fig 1B). With rapid
Clinical relevance and HLA association of autoantibodies against the nucleolus organizer region (NOR-90). (1995)

In contrast to the first report on NOR-90 antibodies we demonstrated no association of these antibodies with systemic sclerosis; however, we found strong evidence for an immunogenetic background of NOR-90 antibody formation.
Repeated Aerosolized AAV-CFTR for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 2B Trial (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the complete human cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) cDNA (tgAAVCF) to the nose, sinus, and lungs of subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) was safe and well tolerated. In a small randomized, double-blind study of three doses of aerosolized tgAAVCF or placebo at 30-day intervals, encouraging but non-significant trends in pulmonary function and induced sputum interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels were seen at early time points. This larger study was conducted to verify these trends. One hundred and two subjects aged 12 years and older with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis (forced expiratory flow in 1 sec [FEV1]:60% predicted) were randomized to two aerosolized doses of 1x10(13)DNase-resistant particles of tgAAVCF (n=51) or matching placebo (n=51) administered 30 days apart. Although tgAAVCF was well tolerated, the study did not meet its primary efficacy end point of statistically significant improvement in FEV1 30 days after initial administration of tgAAVCF compared with placebo. There were no significant differences in spirometric lung function over time, induced sputum biologic markers, or days of antibiotic use in either treatment group. Thus repeated doses of aerosolized tgAAVCF were safe and well tolerated, but did not result in significant improvement in lung function over time. Because gene transfer is the simplest, most basic way to correct the underlying genetic defect that leads to disease in CF, further research is warranted to develop an effective gene transfer agent for the treatment of CF.
Polymorphisms in the interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐4 receptor α chain genes confer susceptibility to asthma and atopy in a Caucasian population (2003)

Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the IL-4 and IL-4Ralpha chain genes might play a role both conferring susceptibility to and modulating severity of atopy and asthma.
High quality GaAs on Si by conformal growth (1992)

We propose a simple technique which allows the growth of low defect density GaAs films on Si substrates. This technique is based on conformal vapor phase epitaxy and uses a Si3N4 capping layer, as well as the Si surface itself for growth confinement. The as-grown conformal GaAs films exhibit a spectacular reduction in the density of dislocations, because of the latter blocking either on the Si3N4 cap or on the Si substrate. Dislocation densities below 5×105 cm−2 have been obtained in submicrometer-thick conformal GaAs films.
Seasonal Impact of Blending Oxygenated Organics with Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Tailpipe and Evaporative Emissions (1990)

Emissions from a 1988 GM Corsica with adaptive learning closed loop control were measured with 4 fuels at 40, 75, and 90 degrees F. Evaporative and exhaust emissions were examined from each fuel at each test temperature. Test fuels were unleaded summer grade gasoline; a blend of this gasoline containing 8.1 percent ethanol; a refiner's blend stock; and the blend stock containing 16.2 percent methyl tertiary butyl ether. The ethanol and MTBE blends contained 3.0 percent oxygen by weight. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen), detailed aldehydes, detailed hydrocarbons, ethanol, MTBE, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene were determined. The highest levels of regulated emissions were produced at the lower temperature. Blended fuels produced almost twice the evaporative hydrocarbon emissions at high temperatures as did the base fuels. Benzene emissions varied with fuels and operating temperatures, while 1,3-butadiene emissions decreased slightly with increasing temperatures. Formaldehyde emissions were not sensitive to fuel or temperature changes. Ethanol fuel blend total aldehyde emissions increased by 40 percent due to increased acetaldehyde emissions. Fuel blends had approximately a 3 percent economy decrease. The MTBE fuel blend appeared to offer the most reduction in total hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen for the fuels and temperatures tested.
TRANSURETHRAL EN BLOC RESECTION OF BLADDER TUMORS (2001)

Transurethral en bloc resection is a safe and useful technique that also provides sufficient material for pathological evaluation.
Aromatase and breast cancer (1998)

Estrogens play an important role in breast cancer development. Aromatase (CYP19), a cytochrome P450, is the enzyme that synthesizes estrogens. Aromatase is expressed at a higher level in human breast cancer tissue than in normal breast tissue using enzyme activity measurement, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR analysis. Cell culture, animal experiments using aromatase-transfected breast cancer cells, and transgenic mouse studies have demonstrated that in situ produced estrogen plays a more important role than circulating estrogens in breast tumor promotion. In addition, tumor aromatase has been shown to stimulate breast cancer growth in both an autocrine and a paracrine manner. RT-PCR and gene transcriptional studies have revealed that aromatase promoter switches from a glucocorticoid-stimulated promoter, I.4, in normal tissue to cAMP-stimulated promoters, I.3 and II, in cancereous tissue. Suppression of in situ estrogen biosynthesis can be achieved by the prevention of aromatase expression or by the inhibition of aromatase activity in breast tumors. While the control mechanism of aromatase expression in breast cancer tissue is not yet fully understood, aromatase-inhibitor therapy is considered for second-line treatment in patients who fail anti-estrogen therapy. Twenty to thirty percent of the patients who fail anti-estrogen treatment respond to aromatase-inhibitor treatment. Several potent and selective aromatase inhibitors have been developed and used to treat breast cancer. The binding nature of various aromatase inhibitors has been examined by computer modeling, site-directed mutagenesis of aromatase, and inhibition kinetics. The enzyme structure-function studies have led to the development of a computer model of the active site region of human aromatase. The model is used to evaluate the interaction of phytoestrogens such as flavones and isoflavones with aromatase. The study provides a molecular basis as to why isoflavones are significantly poorer inhibitors of aromatase than flavones. The phytoestrogen studies will help to determine which fruits and vegetables (those containing the appropriate phytoestrogens) should be included in the diet of postmenopausal women in order to reduce the incidence for breast cancer by inhibiting estrogen biosynthesis in breast tissue.
Molecular feature mining in HIV data (2001)

We present the application of Feature Mining techniques to the Developmental Therapeutics Program's AIDS antiviral screen database. The database consists of 43576 compounds, which were measured for their capability to protect human cells from HIV-1 infection. According to these measurements, the compounds were classified as either active, moderately active or inactive. The distribution of classes is extremely skewed: Only 1.3 % of the molecules is known to be active, and 2.7 % is known to be moderately active. Given this database, we were interested in molecular substructures (i.e., features) that are frequent in the active molecules, and infrequent in the inactives. In data mining terms, we focused on features with a minimum support in active compounds and a maximum support in inactive compounds. We analyzed the database using the levelwise version space algorithm that forms the basis of the inductive query and database system MOLFEA (Molecular Feature Miner). Within this framework, it is possible to declaratively specify the features of interest, such as the frequency of features on (possibly different) datasets as well as on the generality and syntax of them. Assuming that the detected substructures are causally related to biochemical mechanisms, it should be possible to facilitate the development of new pharmaceuticals with improved activities.
Immunosuppression and Temporary Skin Transplantation in the Treatment of Massive Third Degree Burns (1975)

A method of burn treatment (immunosuppression and temporary skin transplantation) for patients suffering from massive third degree burns is evaluated. The method is based on the prompt excision of all dead tissue (burn eschar) and immediate closure of the wound by skin grafts. Total wound closure is achieved before bacterial infection or organ failure takes place by carrying out all initial excision and grafting procedures within the first ten days post burn and supplementing the limited amount of autograft with allograft. Continuous wound closure is maintained for up to 50 days through immunosuppression. Both azathioprine and ATG have been used but ATG is preferred. During the period of immunosuppression, allograft is stepwise excised and replaced with autograft donor sites regenerate for recropping. Bacterial complications are minimized by housing the patient in the protected environment of the Bacteria Controlled Nursing Unit. Intensive protein and calorie alimentation are provided, and 0.5% aqueous AgNO3 dressings are used. A swinging febrile illness has been associated with large areas of allograft rejection. Eleven children have been treated and seven have been returned to normal, productive schooling.
Intestinal Epithelial Cells Synthesize Glucocorticoids and Regulate T Cell Activation (2004)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important steroid hormones with widespread activities in metabolism, development, and immune regulation. The adrenal glands are the major source of GCs and release these hormones in response to psychological and immunological stress. However, there is increasing evidence that GCs may also be synthesized by nonadrenal tissues. Here, we report that the intestinal mucosa expresses steroidogenic enzymes and releases the GC corticosterone in response to T cell activation. T cell activation causes an increase in the intestinal expression of the steroidogenic enzymes required for GC synthesis. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that these enzymes are confined to the crypt region of the intestinal epithelial layer. Surprisingly, in situ-produced GCs exhibit both an inhibitory and a costimulatory role on intestinal T cell activation. In the absence of intestinal GCs in vivo, activation by anti-CD3 injection resulted in reduced CD69 expression and interferon-gamma production by intestinal T cells, whereas activation by viral infection led to increased T cell activation. We conclude that the intestinal mucosa is a potent source of immunoregulatory GCs.
Mouse heart laminin (1989)

Laminin was selectively extracted from different mouse tissues using EDTA-containing buffer. By immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor laminin, such extracts could be shown to contain laminin-like molecules with a low apparent proportion of A chain to B chains. Native laminin was purified from mouse heart tissue and was shown to have an aberrant polypeptide composition as compared to mouse EHS tumor laminin. Most prominently, mouse heart laminin contains an Mr 300,000 polypeptide which is not antigenically related to the A or the B chains. Furthermore, nonreducible polypeptide components were seen with apparent Mr values of 600,000 and 900,000. The Mr 600,000 component contains epitopes shared with both EHS tumor laminin and the Mr 300,000 polypeptide and possibly represents a covalently cross-linked complex of an A or B chain with the Mr 300,000 chain.
Chemical Approaches for Functionally Probing the Proteome (2002)

With the availability of complete genome sequences, emphasis has shifted toward the understanding of protein function. We have developed a functional proteomic methodology that makes use of chemically reactive fluorescent probes to profile and identify enzymes in complex mixtures by virtue of their catalytic activity. This methodology allows a comparison of changes in activity of multiple enzymes under a variety of conditions using a single two-dimensional separation. The probes can also be used to localize active enzymes in intact cells using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the probes enable screens for selective small molecule inhibitors of each enzyme family member within crude lysates or intact cells. Ultimately, this technology allows the rapid identification of potential drug targets and small molecule lead compounds targeted to them.
Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Study of Nanoemulsion Formation from Microemulsions (2014)

We examine a process of preparing oil-in-water nanoemulsions by quenching (diluting and cooling) precursor microemulsions made with nonionic surfactants and a cosurfactant. The precursor microemulsion structure is varied by changing the concentration of the cosurfactant. Water-continuous microemulsions produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are small and simple, mostly unilamellar vesicles, but microemulsions that are not water-continuous produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are larger and multilamellar. Examination of these structures by cryo-electron microscopy supports the hypothesis that they are initially vesicular structures formed via lamellar intermediate structures, and that if the lamellar structures are too well ordered they fail to produce small simple structures.
Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthase:  Evidence for Covalent Catalysis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPolyhydroxybutyrate Synthase: Evidence for Covalent CatalysisJ. Wodzinska, K. D. Snell, A. Rhomberg, A. J. Sinskey, K. Biemann, and J. StubbeView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 26, 6319–6320Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1996Publication History Received4 April 1996Published online3 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961108aCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (89 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysis,Organic polymers,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Separation science Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of some triarylantimony dichrysanthemates and crystal structure of Ph3Sb(O2CCHCMe2CMe2)2 (1998)

A series of triarylantimony dichrysanthemate compounds of the type Ar3Sb(O2CR)2 [Ar=C6H5, 4-CH3C6H4, 3-CH3C6H4, -CH3C6H4, 4-ClC6H4; R=4-ClC6H4CH(i-Pr), cis-Cl2C:CH trans-Cl2C:CH ] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, 1H NMR spectra and mass spectra. Some activities of these compounds in plant growth regulation have been determined. Their results indicate that the derivatives of cis-dichlorochrysanthemic acid and trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid significantly promote rooting of excised cucumber cotyledons at 10 ppm. An X ray structure determination has been carried out as follows for Ph3Sb(O2CCHCMe2CMe2)2: orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, Z=4, structure solution with 2385 independent reflections, R=0.035. Lattice dimensions at 26 °C: a=15.616(3) Å, b=10.275(2) Å, c=20.201(5) Å, V=3241(2) Å3, ρ=1.302 g cm−3. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution structure of a highly stable DNA duplex conjugated to a minor groove binder (1998)

The tripeptide 1,2-dihydro-(3 H )-pyrrolo[3,2- e ]indole-7-carboxylate (CDPI3) binds to the minor groove of DNA with high affinity. When this minor groove binder is conjugated to the 5'-end of short oligonucleotides the conjugates form unusually stable hybrids with complementary DNA and thus may have useful diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. In order to gain an understanding of the structural interactions between the CDPI3minor groove binding moiety and the DNA, we have determined and compared the solution structure of a duplex consisting of oligodeoxyribonucleotide 5'-TGATTATCTG-3' conjugated at the 5'-end to CDPI3 and its complementary strand to an unmodified control duplex of the same sequence using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Thermal denaturation studies indicated that the hybrid of this conjugate with its complementary strand had a melting temperature that was 30 degrees C higher compared with the unmodified control duplex. Following restrained molecular dynamics and relaxation matrix refinement, the solution structure of the CDPI3-conjugated DNA duplex demonstrated that the overall shape of the duplex was that of a straight B-type helix and that the CDPI3moiety was bound snugly in the minor groove, where it was stabilized by extensive van der Waal's interactions.
Beating the Equity Benchmarks (1994)

One of investment management's leading cottage industries is the creation, maintenance and advocacy of portfolio benchmark indexes. Whether an investment manager specializes in equity, fixed income, currencies, commodity futures or real estate, he knows his performance will be compared with the performance of a benchmark index. The dominant benchmark for U.S. equity portfolios is the Standard & Poor's 500, with the S&P
Phase III Study of Adjuvant Vaccination With Bec2/Bacille Calmette-Guerin in Responding Patients With Limited-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 08971-08971B; Silva Study) (2005)

Vaccination with Bec2/BCG has no impact on outcome of patients with limited-disease SCLC responding to combined-modality treatment. Vaccination strategies in SCLC may still be warranted using vaccines that produce a better immunologic response.
Investigation of cytokine gene expression in human colorectal cancer. (1990)

RNA was extracted from 28 samples of colorectal cancer and 26 samples of adjacent normal bowel. Northern blotting analysis showed the presence of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in 15 of 28 cancer samples and 6 of 26 matched normal areas. In 10 patients, TNF mRNA was found only in the tumor; in 5, TNF mRNA was seen in tumor and normal areas; and in only 1 was TNF mRNA seen in the normal, but not the malignant, area. The expression of TNF mRNA was not related to the stage of disease, degree of lymphocyte infiltration, or necrosis in the tumor. Blots were reprobed for gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL) 1 alpha and beta, IL-6, and transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA. One tumor sample was positive for IL-1 beta, and one normal sample expressed interferon gamma mRNA. All samples had transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA, and there was no obvious difference between levels in tumor tissues or adjacent normal areas. In situ hybridization studies with a TNF riboprobe showed that TNF mRNA was only detectable in a small minority of mononuclear and predominantly stromal cells. Immunohistochemistry on sequential sections showed that CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes, and macrophages, were present in the stroma. An antibody to the macrophage C3b receptor identified a minority population whose distribution corresponded closely to the cells labeled with the TNF riboprobe.
Guided-wave THz time-domain spectroscopy of highly doped silicon using parallel-plate waveguides (2006)

A novel spectroscopy technique that uses parallel-plate waveguides for the characterisation of highly conductive materials in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime is presented. This guided-wave technique resolves some of the fundamental problems associated with standard THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) as applied to these optically dense materials. The technique is demonstrated by measuring the conductivity of highly phosphorus doped silicon.
Restructuring of colloidal silica aggregates (1986)

We present experimental results showing that colloidal silica spheres can be induced to aggregate either slowly or very rapidly. The slow process always yields clusters with a fractal dimensionality ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$=2.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, but the rapid process can produce clusters with either ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$=1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 or ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$=2.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. However, clusters with ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$=1.75 are always observed to restructure so as to yield ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$=2.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05.