gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Stress Induces High Anxiety and Postnatal Handling Induces Low Anxiety in Adult Offspring: Correlation with Stress-Induced Corticosterone Secretion (1997)

It is well known that the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered by early environmental experiences, particularly in the perinatal period. This may be one mechanism by which the environment changes the physiology of the animal such that individual differences in adult adaptative capabilities, such as behavioral reactivity and memory performance, are observable. To determine the origin of these behavioral individual differences, we have investigated whether the long-term influence of prenatal and postnatal experiences on emotional and cognitive behaviors in adult rats are correlated with changes in HPA activity. To this end, prenatal stress of rat dams during the last week of gestation and postnatal daily handling of rat pups during the first 3 weeks of life were used as two environmental manipulations. The behavioral reactivity of the adult offspring in response to novelty was evaluated using four different parameters: the number of visits to different arms in a Y-maze, the distance covered in an open field, the time spent in the corners of the open field, and the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. Cognitive performance was assessed using a water maze and a two-trial memory test. Adult prenatally stressed rats showed high anxiety-like behavior, expressed as an escape behavior to novelty correlated with high secretion of corticosterone in response to stress, whereas adult handled rats exhibited low anxiety-like behavior, expressed as high exploratory behavior correlated with low secretion of corticosterone in response to stress. On the other hand, neither prenatal stress nor handling changed spatial learning or memory performance. Taken together, these results suggest that individual differences in adult emotional status may be governed by early environmental factors; however, perinatal experiences are not effective in influencing adult memory capacity.
A one-step strategy for thermal- and pH-responsive graphene oxide interpenetrating polymer hydrogel networks (2011)

A facile one-step strategy for graphene oxide interpenetrating PNIPAM hydrogel networks is developed by covalently bonding GO sheets and PNIPAM-co-AA microgels directly in water, which exhibit dual thermal and pH response with good reversibility.
Subtyping of Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport Outbreak Isolates by CRISPR-MVLST and Determination of the Relationship between CRISPR-MVLST and PFGE Results (2013)

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) is the third most prevalent cause of food-borne salmonellosis. Rapid, efficient, and accurate methods for identification are required to track specific strains of S. Newport during outbreaks. By exploiting the hypervariable nature of virulence genes and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), we previously developed a sequence-based subtyping approach, designated CRISPR-multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (CRISPR-MVLST). To demonstrate the applicability of this approach, we analyzed a broad set of S. Newport isolates collected over a 5-year period by using CRISPR-MVLST and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among 84 isolates, we defined 38 S. Newport sequence types (NSTs), all of which were novel compared to our previous analyses, and 62 different PFGE patterns. Our data suggest that both subtyping approaches have high discriminatory abilities (>0.95) with a potential for clustering cases with common exposures. Importantly, we found that isolates from closely related NSTs were often similar by PFGE profile as well, further corroborating the applicability of CRISPR-MVLST. In the first full application of CRISPR-MVLST, we analyzed isolates from a recent S. Newport outbreak. In this blinded study, we confirmed the utility of CRISPR-MVLST and were able to distinguish the 10 outbreak isolates, as defined by PFGE and epidemiological data, from a collection of 20 S. Newport isolates. Together, our data show that CRISPR-MVLST could be a complementary approach to PFGE subtyping for S. Newport.
Triterpenoid Methyl-CDDO Is a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis in CD34+ AML Progenitor Cells Via Activation of SAPK Pathways and Inhibition of MAPK Cascades. (2004)

Abstract Outcome results in AML are a continued challenge for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolen-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, CDDO-Me, a novel triterpenoid, induces apoptosis in myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cell lines and in primary AML samples in sub-micromolar concentrations. We reported previously that CDDO-Me inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, blocks Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and promoted apoptosis in AML-derived U937 cells (Blood 2002, 99(1):326–35). Here, we examined the effects of CDDO-Me on CD34+ AML progenitor cells in vitro. Exposure to 1μM CDDO-Me induced apoptosis in all but one AML sample (46±4% annexin(+) CD34+ cells, n=20). To assess the anti-leukemia activity of CDDO-Me in vivo, scid mice intravenously injected with U937 cells were treated with liposomally-delivered CDDO-Me (20mg/kg/day IV every other day, starting at day 7, for a total of 9 injections). While CDDO-Me was not toxic to the mice, pathological and flow cytometry analysis revealed reduced (55–86%) leukemia burden in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen of mice. Since we had shown that CDDO-Me inhibits phosphorylation of pERK in U937 cells, a further goal of this study was to assess the role of ERK in CDDO-Me-induced cell death in primary AML samples. ERK was expressed and phosphorylated in all (n=15) patients’ samples studied. CDDO-Me inhibited ERK phosphorylation in 9 of 15 patient samples and promoted apoptosis. However, CDDO-Me still induced apoptosis in 5/6 samples that displayed no significant changes in pERK levels in response to the drug. This finding suggests that ERK is not the sole target of the compound. The stress-activated protein kinases JNK and p38 are related to ERK but in general activate pathways that are opposed to ERK. By Western blot analysis, CDDO-Me induced early (30 min) phosphorylation of JNK and p38, which preceded induction of cell death. Pre-treatment of U937 cells with JNK and p38 inhibitors SP600125 and SB203580 partially abrogated induction of apoptosis, while MEK inhibitor PD-98059 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity. CDDO-Me induced p38 phosphorylation in 5 of 6 primary AML samples tested. Collectively, these finding indicate that CDDO-Me markedly shifts signaling toward the JNK and p38 MAPK stress-related pathways and away from the cytoprotective MAPK cascade. In summary, the triterpenoid CDDO-Me is a potent inducer of apoptosis in primary AML including CD34+ AML progenitor cells. Induction of apoptosis is in part mediated via inhibition of ERK signaling combined with JNK/p38 activation. These studies in primary AML samples and the anti-leukemia activity of the compound in vivo suggest potential utility of CDDO-Me for the treatment of AML patients.
Multiplexed sensing based on Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles using a compact AC susceptometer (2011)

A novel multiplexed sensing scheme based on the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of the affinity captured target molecules on magnetic nanoparticles in liquid suspension is proposed. The AC magnetic susceptibility provides a measurement of Brownian relaxation behavior of biomolecules bound to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that is related to its hydrodynamic size. A room temperature, compact AC susceptometer is designed and developed to measure complex AC magnetic susceptibility of such magnetic nanoparticles. The AC susceptometer exhibits high sensitivity in magnetic fields as low as 10 µT for 1 mg ml(-1) concentration and 5 µl volume, and is fully software programmable. The capability of biological sensing using the proposed scheme has been demonstrated in proof of principle using the binding of biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to streptavidin-coated MNPs. The proposed technique and instrument are readily compatible with lab-on-chip applications for point-of-care medical applications.
Structure, stability, and thermodynamics of a short intermolecular purine-purine-pyrimidine triple helix (1991)

We have investigated the structure and physical chemistry of the d(C3T4C3).2[d(G3A4G3)] triple helix by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), 1H NMR, and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy. The triplex was stabilized with MgCl2 at neutral pH. PAGE studies verify the stoichiometry of the strands comprising the triplex and indicate that the orientation of the third strand in purine-purine-pyrimidine (pur-pur-pyr) triplexes is antiparallel with respect to the purine strand of the underlying duplex. Imino proton NMR spectra provide evidence for the existence of new purine-purine (pur.pur) hydrogen bonds, in addition to those of the Watson-Crick (W-C) base pairs, in the triplex structure. These new hydrogen bonds are likely to correspond to the interaction between third-strand guanine NH1 imino protons and the N7 atoms of guanine residues on the purine strand of the underlying duplex. Thermal denaturation of the triplex proceeds to single strands in one step, under the conditions used in this study. Binding of the third strand appears to enhance the thermal stability of the duplex by 1-3 degrees C, depending on the DNA concentration. The free energy of triplex formation (-26.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol) is approximately twice that of duplex formation (-12.6 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol), suggesting that the overall stability of the pur.pur base pairs is similar to that of the W-C base pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-time discrimination of broadcast speech/music (2002)

We describe a technique which is successful at discriminating speech from music on broadcast FM radio. The computational simplicity of the approach could lend itself to wide application including the ability to automatically change channels when commercials appear. The algorithm provides the capability to robustly distinguish the two classes and runs easily in real time. Experimental results to date show performance approaching 98% correct classification.
Characterization of the genetic elements required for site-specific integration of plasmid pSE211 in Saccharopolyspora erythraea (1990)

The 18.1-kilobase plasmid pSE211 integrates into the chromosome of Saccharopolyspora erythraea at a specific attB site. Restriction analysis of the integrated plasmid, pSE211int, and adjacent chromosomal sequences allowed identification of attP, the plasmid attachment site. Nucleotide sequencing of attP, attB, attL, and attR revealed a 57-base-pair sequence common to all sites with no duplications of adjacent plasmid or chromosomal sequences in the integrated state, indicating that integration takes place through conservative, reciprocal strand exchange. An analysis of the sequences indicated the presence of a putative gene for Phe-tRNA at attB which is preserved at attL after integration has occurred. A comparison of the attB site for a number of actinomycete plasmids is presented. Integration at attB was also observed when a 2.4-kilobase segment of pSE211 containing attP and the adjacent plasmid sequence was used to transform a pSE211- host. Nucleotide sequencing of this segment revealed the presence of two complete open reading frames (ORFs) and a segment of a third ORF. The ORF adjacent to attP encodes a putative polypeptide 437 amino acids in length that shows similarity, at its C-terminal domain, to sequences of site-specific recombinases of the integrase family. The adjacent ORF encodes a putative 98-amino-acid basic polypeptide that contains a helix-turn-helix motif at its N terminus which corresponds to domains in the Xis proteins of a number of bacteriophages. A proposal for the function of this polypeptide is presented. The deduced amino acid sequence of the third ORF did not reveal similarities to polypeptide sequences in the current data banks.
Synthesis and Conformational Study of 3-Hydroxy-4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-Cyclohexanyl Purines and Pyrimidines (1997)

The cyclohexane nucleosides with a 1,4-relationship between nucleoside base and hydroxymethyl moiety were synthesized using a conjugated addition reaction of the nucleobases to ethyl 1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate and hydroboration of the cyclohexenyl precursor. The lack of antiviral activity of the compounds was correlated with the conformation of these nucleosides as deduced from NMR and X-ray analysis.
Expressing and exploiting concurrency in networked applications with aspen (2007)

This paper presents Aspen, a high-level programming language thattargets both high-productivity programming and runtime support formanaging resources needed by a computation. Programs in Aspen arerepresented as directed graphs, where the edges are well-definedunidirectional communication channels and the nodes are instances of computational modules that process the incoming data. The resulting representation of a program closely resembles a flow chart describing the flow of computation in a server application and exposing the communicationat a high level of abstraction. This strategy for program composition naturally allows parallelism and data sharing to be factored out of the core computational logic of a program, facilitating a division of labor between parallelism expertsand application experts and also easing code development and maintenance. Aspen automatically and transparently supports task-level parallelism among module instancesand data-level parallelism across different flows in an application or, in some cases, across different work items within a flow. Aspen automatically and adaptively allocates threads to modules according to the dynamic workload seen at those modules.
Evaluation of PCR-Based Methods for Discrimination of Francisella Species and Subspecies and Development of a Specific PCR That Distinguishes the Two Major Subspecies of Francisella tularensis (2000)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the four subspecies of the human pathogen Francisella tularensis, despite showing marked variations in their virulence for mammals and originating from different regions in the Northern Hemisphere, display a very close phylogenetic relationship. This property has hampered the development of generally applicable typing methods. To overcome this problem, we evaluated the use of PCR for discrimination of the subspecies using various forms of long arbitrary primers or primers specific for repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences (REP) or enterobacterial repetitive intragenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. Patterns generated by use of REP, ERIC, or long arbitrary primers allowed differentiation at the species level and of the four subspecies of F. tularensis. With each of these three methods, similar or identical clustering of strains was found, and groups of strains of different geographical origins or differing in virulence showed distinct patterns. The discriminatory indices of the methods varied from 0.57 to 0.65; thus, the patterns were not sufficiently discriminatory to distinguish individual strains. The sequence of a fragment generated by amplification with an arbitrary primer was determined, and a region showing interstrain heterogeneity was identified. Specific primers were designed, and a PCR was developed that distinguished strains of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica from strains of other F. tularensis subspecies, including strains of the highly virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis. Notably, one European isolate showed the genetic pattern typical of the highly virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, generally believed to exist only in North America. It is proposed that a combination of the specific PCR together with one method generating subspecies-specific patterns is suitable as a rapid and relatively simple strategy for discrimination of Francisella species and subspecies.
Proteomic and Biochemical Analyses of Human B Cell-derived Exosomes (2003)

Exosomes are 60-100-nm membrane vesicles that are secreted into the extracellular milieu as a consequence of multivesicular body fusion with the plasma membrane. Here we determined the protein and lipid compositions of highly purified human B cell-derived exosomes. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated the abundant presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II, heat shock cognate 70, heat shock protein 90, integrin alpha 4, CD45, moesin, tubulin (alpha and beta), actin, G(i)alpha(2), and a multitude of other proteins. An alpha 4-integrin may direct B cell-derived exosomes to follicular dendritic cells, which were described previously as potential target cells. Clathrin, heat shock cognate 70, and heat shock protein 90 may be involved in protein sorting at multivesicular bodies. Exosomes were also enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ganglioside GM3, lipids that are typically enriched in detergent-resistant membranes. Most exosome-associated proteins, including MHC class II and tetraspanins, were insoluble in 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS)-containing buffers. Multivesicular body-linked MHC class II was also resistant to CHAPS whereas plasma membrane-associated MHC class II was solubilized readily. Together, these data suggest that recruitment of membrane proteins from the limiting membranes into the internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies may involve their incorporation into tetraspanin-containing detergent-resistant membrane domains.
Long-term systemic therapy with dimethylfumarate and monoethylfumarate (fumadermS) in psoriasis (1995)

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of long-term (>6 months) oral fumarate maintenance treatment regimen and to determine its adverse effect profile.

Background We previously showed the efficacy of oral fumarate treatment in psoriasis. However, little is known about long-term maintenance therapy with oral fumarates. Because of concern about renal toxicity and/or other potentially hazardous adverse effects, their role in the long-term management of psoriasis is still controversial and limited.

Methods Clinical data and laboratory parameters of 83 psoriasis patients who were treated with oral fumarates during an uninterrupted period of 6 or more months, were collected and subsequently analysed.

Results In 31 of the 83 patients the oral fumarate therapy was discontinued preliminarily (< 6 months) because of intolerable adverse effects (9 patients), lack of clinical efficacy (16 patients), insurance refunding problems (4 patients) and lost to follow-up (2 patients). A major improvement of the psoriasis was present in 41 of the 83 patients. Long-term oral fumarate maintenance therapy was accompanied by subjective adverse effects, mainly flushing (28 patients) and gastrointestinal upset (15 patients) and by a relative lymphocytopenia (35 patients).

Conclusion Oral fumarates are effective well tolerated drugs suitable for long-term management of psoriasis. However, this systemic therapy still has to be considered experimental and should only be performed under strictly controlled conditions. The cause and the clinical relevance of the relative lymphocytopenia, which occurs in a high percentage of patients during long-term oral fumarate maintenance treatment regimen are unknown and still have to be determined.
Enzymes in organic synthesis. 39. Preparations of chiral cyclic acid-esters and bicyclic lactones via stereoselective pig liver esterase catalyzed hydrolyses of cyclic meso diesters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymes in organic synthesis. 39. Preparations of chiral cyclic acid-esters and bicyclic lactones via stereoselective pig liver esterase catalyzed hydrolyses of cyclic meso diestersGabriele Sabbioni and J. Bryan JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 20, 4565–4570Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00229a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00229a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1535Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Bilateral nephrectomy by embolization of the renal arteries. A report on five cases (author's transl)]. (1980)

Selective bilateral renal artery embolization was performed in 5 patients because of severe hypertension not responding to conventional medical treatment, in two patients on repeated dialysis; severe nephrotic syndromes with chronic renal insufficiency in the three other patients. A significant drop in blood pressure occurred in only two of the hypertensive patients, about 40 days after embolization. Bilateral surgical nephrectomy was required in the other patient because of persistence of residual vascularization and high RAP. Excellent results were obtained in the 3 patients with a nephrotic syndrome, with disappearance of proteinuria and anuria following the embolization. For this method to be effective, the arterial obliteration has to be complete and definitive. When symptoms persist or there is a relapse, especially in the cases with hypertension, a repeated arteriographic examination and complementary embolization has to be envisaged. Further experience with this method is necessary in order to compare the results with those obtained after bilateral surgical nephrectomy. Medical treatment with agents toxic to the tubules, in cases of the nephrotic syndrome, has apparently not produced the results expected. The relative simplicity of this embolization procedure has to be underlined, together with the fact that it is free from major complications when performed by surgeons trained in its use, on the condition that purification be carried out immediately following embolization.
Bad for the Heart, Bad For the Mind? (2001)

Researchers have built a case over the past few years that a small protein called b amyloid (Ab) causes the brain degeneration of patients with Alzheimer9s. But they have also suspected that Ab has accomplices. High blood cholesterol levels may be one of these malefactors, possibly because they aid and abet Ab production, several teams now suggest. The work raises the possibility that cholesterol-lowering drugs will protect against the disease.