gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Negatively Modulates Erythroid Differentiation and Suppression of Apoptosis in J2E Erythroleukemic Cells (1999)

The SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 is known to play a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. It has been shown previously that SHP1 associates with the activated erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and negatively regulates mitogenic signaling. To further elucidate the role of SHP1 in erythropoietin (EPO)-induced cellular responses we employed J2E erythroleukemic cells as a model for erythroid maturation and cytokine-triggered suppression of apoptosis. Our data indicate that overexpressed SHP1 inhibits both EPO-induced differentiation as well as prevention of apoptosis. The specific signaling pathways responsible are not unraveled so far. Therefore, we analyzed the involvement of SHP1 in two established EPO-stimulated pathways, the JAK/STAT and the MAP kinase cascades, by transient coexpression of reporter constructs containing binding sites for transcription factors targeted by these pathways and a SHP1 cDNA. Both pathways are inhibited by SHP1 as indicated by the lower induction of reporter gene activity. In conclusion, SHP1 regulates the transcriptional activity stimulated by the EPO-induced JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways and is involved in the signaling machinery responsible for erythroid differentiation and suppression of apoptosis.
Recent advances in the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: common pathways in neurodegenerative disease (2006)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease classically defined by the impairment of the voluntary motor system and ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal aggregates in anterior horn cells. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common form of neurodegenerative dementia and presents with personality change associated in a significant subgroup of patients with cortical ubiquitin-only neuropathology (FTD-U). Careful study of ALS as well as FTD patient cohorts suggests clinical as well as pathological overlap of ALS with FTD. The idea that this reflects a shared pathogenesis has received strong support from the identification of new genetic loci on chromosome 9p and of mutations in specific genes (CHMP2B and DCN1) in families with co-segregation of ALS and FTD. The identification of two further genetic causes of FTD-U with (rare) ALS (PGRN) or without ALS (VCP) also provides a starting point for exploring the pathways associated with ubiquitin-mediated protein mishandling in FTD-U and ALS. Pure ALS, through ALS with cognitive impairment and ALS-FTD to pure FTD-U, may represent a continuous spectrum of ubiquitin-associated neurodegenerative disease.
Understanding Malicious Behavior in Crowdsourcing Platforms (2015)

Crowdsourcing is increasingly being used as a means to tackle problems requiring human intelligence. With the ever-growing worker base that aims to complete microtasks on crowdsourcing platforms in exchange for financial gains, there is a need for stringent mechanisms to prevent exploitation of deployed tasks. Quality control mechanisms need to accommodate a diverse pool of workers, exhibiting a wide range of behavior. A pivotal step towards fraud-proof task design is understanding the behavioral patterns of microtask workers. In this paper, we analyze the prevalent malicious activity on crowdsourcing platforms and study the behavior exhibited by trustworthy and untrustworthy workers, particularly on crowdsourced surveys. Based on our analysis of the typical malicious activity, we define and identify different types of workers in the crowd, propose a method to measure malicious activity, and finally present guidelines for the efficient design of crowdsourced surveys.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42, Tau, and F2-Isoprostane Concentrations in Patients With Alzheimer Disease, Other Dementias, and in Age-Matched Controls (2001)

Cerebrospinal fluid F(2)-IsoP quantification may enhance the accuracy of the laboratory diagnosis of AD.
Participation of the CD27 antigen in the regulation of IL-2-activated human natural killer cells (1992)

The CD27 Ag is expressed by the majority of resting T lymphocytes and appears to play a crucial role in T cell activation. We found that some resting peripheral blood NK cells also express CD27. Furthermore, CD27 expression was up-regulated on NK cells stimulated by IL-2. The cytolytic activity of IL-2-activated, but not resting, NK cells was inhibited by an anti-CD27 mAb (anti-1A4). However, anti-1A4 did not affect conjugate formation between IL-2-activated NK cells and tumor cell targets. In contrast, anti-1A4 inhibited CD2-mediated calcium mobilization and the serine esterase activity of NK cell granules. These inhibitory effects could be mediated in part by increase in intracellular cAMP levels induced by anti-1A4. Our results suggest that the CD27 Ag plays an important role in the regulation of activated NK cells.
Extended high-angular-frequency analysis of turbulence effects on short-exposure imaging (2014)

An improved analysis of optical turbulence effects on short-exposure passive (SE) imaging is described, resulting in a new analytic expression for the SE modulation transfer function (MTF). This analysis expands on a 2011 study that examined characteristics of a tilt-phase component discovered in the standard theory of SE turbulence effects characterization. The analysis introduces an improved integration technique and a reformulated phase structure function, facilitating computation of a 38,007 element database of MTF results at low- to high-angular frequencies covering a wide range of diffraction and turbulence conditions. Analysis of this database is described, yielding a new analytic SE MTF, accurate to a root-mean-square error of 0.000218 versus the database. Comparisons show that the new expression is well correlated to an alternative computationally intensive method, and it is a factor 29 to 64 improvement over prior analytic expressions. Limits of applicability of the approach for incoherent imaging are also discussed. The low-computational cost of the new method is suitable for systems performance modeling of turbulence impacts, including path-varying turbulence scenarios.
Characterization of a Legionella anisa strain isolated from a patient with pneumonia (1990)

Legionella anisa, previously found only in environmental specimens, was isolated from a bronchial lavage specimen of an immunocompromised patient with pneumonia. Growth, physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, serologic, and DNA characteristics were consistent with those of the type strain of L. anisa, WA-316-C3 (ATCC 35292).
The U.S. West Intelligent Services Research Laboratory (lab review) (1990)

No abstract available.
Statins Promote Potent Systemic Antioxidant Effects Through Specific Inflammatory Pathways (2003)

Statins promote potent systemic antioxidant effects through suppression of distinct oxidation pathways. The major pathways inhibited include formation of myeloperoxidase-derived and nitric oxide-derived oxidants, species implicated in atherogenesis. The present results suggest potential mechanisms that may contribute to the beneficial actions of statins. They also have important implications for monitoring the antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions of these agents.
Aminodisilanes as silylating agents for dry-developed positive-tone resists for extreme ultraviolet (13.5) microlithography (1996)

We recently described a near-surface imaging scheme that employs disilanes and a bilayer resist scheme which together dramatically improve silicon contrast. A relatively thin 0.25 to 0.1 {mu}m imaging layer of a chemically amplified photo-crosslinking resist (Shipley XP-8844 or XP-9472) is spin coated on top of a thicker (0.25-0.5 {mu}m) layer of hard-baked resist (such as Shipley MP-1807). This bilayer scheme improves silicon contrast and provides additional advantages such as providing a planarizing layer and a processing layer.
Serum hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency in premenopausal female blood donors (2011)

Serum hepcidin concentration may be a useful indicator of deficient iron stores. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of hepcidin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in other groups of patients.
Identification of a unique Marek's disease virus gene which encodes a 38-kilodalton phosphoprotein and is expressed in both lytically infected cells and latently infected lymphoblastoid tumor cells (1992)

The identification of unique Marek's disease (MD) virus (MDV) antigens expressed not only in lytically infected cells but also in latently infected MD lymphoblastoid tumor cell lines is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms of latency and transformation by MDV, an oncogenic lymphotropic herpesvirus of chickens. Through cDNA and nucleotide sequence analysis, an open reading frame (designated the pp38 ORF) which encodes a predicted polypeptide of 290 amino acids was identified in BamHI-H. Demonstration that the pp38 ORF spans the junction of the MDV long unique and long internal repeat regions (MDV has an alphaherpesvirus genome structure) precludes the presence of the gene encoding the B-antigen complex (gp100, gp60, and gp49) in the same region of BamHI-H, where it was originally thought to exist. Duplication of the complete pp38 ORF was not observed in BamHI-D, but part of it (encoding 45 amino acids) was found in the long terminal repeat region of the fragment. By use of trpE-pp38 fusion proteins, antisera against pp38 were prepared. By immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a predominant virus-specific 38,000-dalton polypeptide (designated pp38) and a minor 24,000-dalton polypeptide (designated p24) were found. No precursor-product relationship was found between pp38 and p24 by pulse-chase analysis, and only pp38 was detected by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with antiserum to pp38. pp38 was found to be phosphorylated and present in oncogenic serotype 1-but not nononcogenic serotype 3-infected cells. Expression of the gene encoding pp38 was relatively insensitive to phosphonoacetic acid inhibition, suggesting that pp38 may belong to one of the early classes of herpesvirus proteins. pp38 was also detected in the latently infected MSB-1 lymphoblastoid tumor cell line. The detection of antibody against pp38 in immune chicken sera indicates that pp38 is an immunogen in birds with MD. Most of the properties described here for a protein detected by methods based on finding the ORF first are identical to those of a 38-kDa phosphoprotein reported by others, suggesting that they are the same. Collectively, the data reported here provide (i) more definitive information on the complete ORF of another MDV gene and the protein that it encodes, (ii) clarification of the gene content within a specific region of the MDV genome, and (iii) the molecular means to conduct further studies to determine whether pp38 plays a role in MDV latency and transformation.
Doublecortin Kinase-2, a Novel Doublecortin-related Protein Kinase Associated with Terminal Segments of Axons and Dendrites (2004)

The microtubule (MT)-associated DCX protein plays an essential role in the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. We report on the identification of a protein kinase, doublecortin kinase-2 (DCK2), with a domain (DC) highly homologous to DCX. DCK2 has MT binding activity associated with its DC domain and protein kinase activity mediated by a kinase domain, organized in a structure in which the two domains are functionally independent. Overexpression of DCK2 stabilizes the MT cytoskeleton against cold-induced depolymerization. Autophosphorylation of DCK2 strongly reduces its affinity for MTs. DCK2 and DCX mRNAs are nervous system-specific and are expressed during the period of cerebrocortical lamination. DCX is down-regulated postnatally, whereas DCK2 persists in abundance into adulthood, suggesting that the DC sequence has previously unrecognized functions in the mature nervous system. In sympathetic neurons, DCK2 is localized to the cell body and to the terminal segments of axons and dendrites. DCK2 may represent a phosphorylation-dependent switch for the reversible control of MT dynamics in the vicinity of neuronal growth cones.
Multi-Bit/Cell SONOS Flash Memory with Recessed Channel Structure (2008)

A novel device structure formed in recess region was presented and characterized for 4-bit/cell NOR-type nonvolatile memory (NVM) technology. The memory cells were designed to have common control gate and source line in a cell so that memory density is high. The proposed memory cell has a nitride layer formed on the surface of the recessed channel region for a charge storage node. Using channel hot electron (CHE) injection, we observed successfully ΔVth and Vth margin of 2.8 V and 2.34 V, respectively, in 2-bit/cell operation mode without programming disturbance by adjacent storage node. The recess depth (xrw) and width (xrd) are 200 nm and 60 nm, respectively. By controlling doping profiles of the localized p-type channel doping in the recessed channel region, we could obtain the Vth margin of 1.7 V. Especially the cell size could be shrunk to 1.25F 2 /bit in a 4-bit/cell.
Cytotoxic Cyclotides from Viola tricolor (2003)

A crude fraction of Viola tricolor rich in small lipophilic proteins was prepared and subjected to fractionation guided by bioactivity, using RP-HPLC and a fluorometric cytotoxicity assay. Two human cancer cell lines, U-937 GTB (lymphoma) and RPMI-8226/s (myeloma), were used in this study. The most potent compounds isolated, that is, the compounds showing the lowest IC(50) values, were shown to be three small proteins: vitri A (IC(50) = 0.6 microM and IC(50) = 1 microM, respectively), varv A (IC(50) = 6 microM and IC(50) = 3 microM, respectively), and varv E (IC(50) = 4 microM in both cell lines). Their sequences, determined by automated Edman degradation, quantitative amino acid analysis, and mass spectrometry, were cyclo-GESCVWIPCITSAIGCSCKSKVCYRNGIPC (vitri A), cyclo-GETCVGGTCNTPGCSCSWPVCTRNGLPVC (varv A), and cyclo-GETCVGGTCNTPGCSCSWPVCTRNGLPIC (varv E), of which vitri A is described for the first time. Each forms a head-to-tail cyclic backbone, with six cysteine residues being involved in three disulfide bonds, characteristic of the family of small proteins called the cyclotides. This is the first report on cyclotides from the species V. tricolor and the first report on the sequence of the cytotoxic cyclotide vitri A.
Target sequence-specific inhibition of Hiv- replication by ribozymes directed totatRNA (1995)

The structural motif formed between a hammerhead ribozyme and its substrate consists of three RNA double helices in which the sequence 5' to the XUY is termed helix I and the sequence 3' to the XUY helix III. Two hammerhead ribozymes targeted to the tat gene of HIV-1SF2 were designed to study target specificity and the potential effect of helix I mismatch on ribozyme efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The first ribozyme (Rz1) targeted to the 5' splicing region of the tat gene was designed to cleave GUC*A. In HIV-1IIIB the A is changed to a G. The second ribozyme (Rz2) was targeted to the translational initiation region of the tat gene which is highly conserved among a variety of HIV-1 isolates, including both HIV-1SF2 and HIV-1IIIB. In vitro cleavage studies demonstrated that Rz1 efficiency cleaved HIV-1SF2 substrate RNA, but not HIV-1IIIB, presumably due to the base change from A to G. In contrast, Rz2 cleaved HIV-1SF2 or HIV-1IIIB substrate with equal efficiency. Both ribozymes were cloned into the 3' untranslated region of the neomycin gene (neo) within the pSV2neo vector and transfected into the SupT1 human CD4+ T cell line. Following selection, stable transfectants were challenged with either HIV-1SF2 or HIV-1IIIB virus. While Rz1-expressing cells were significantly protected from HIV-1SF2 infection, they exhibited no protection when infected with HIV-1IIIB virus. In contrast, Rz2 was effective in inhibiting the replication of both HIV-1SF2 and HIV-1IIIB in SupT1 cells. Expression of both ribozymes in these cells was demonstrated by Northern analysis. RT-PCR sequencing analysis confirmed the respective HIV-1 target sequence integrity. These data demonstrate the importance of the first base pair distal to the XUY within helix I of the hammerhead structure for both in vitro and in vivo ribozyme activities and imply that the effectiveness of the anti-HIV-1 ribozymes against appropriate target sequences is due to their catalytic activities rather than any antisense effect.
Assessing Temperament in One-to Three-Year-Old Children (1984)

Journal Article Assessing Temperament in One-to Three-Year-Old Children Get access William Fullard, William Fullard 1 Temple University 1All correspondence should be directed to William Fullard, Department of Educational Psychology, Temple University 004-00, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sean C. McDevitt, Sean C. McDevitt Devereux CenterScottsdale, Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William B. Carey William B. Carey Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Volume 9, Issue 2, June 1984, Pages 205–217, https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/9.2.205 Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Received: 19 August 1982 Revision received: 27 December 1982 Published: 01 June 1984
Primary structure of alanyl-tRNA synthetase and the regulation of its mRNA levels in Bombyx mori. (1990)

cDNA clones encoding Bombyx mori alanyl-tRNA synthetase were isolated from a library in lambda gt11 using antibody, synthetic oligonucleotides, and a characterized cDNA as probes. Analysis of the sequence revealed significant homology between the B. mori and Escherichia coli alanyl-tRNA synthetases, particularly in their amino-terminal domains. Northern blot analysis indicated that the mRNA for alanyl-tRNA synthetase is 3.8 kilobase pairs in mRNA isolated from posterior silk gland, middle silk gland, and ovarian tissue. Steady-state levels of alanyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA in the posterior silk gland increased in the first 48 h of the fifth larval instar, decreasing gradually thereafter. In the middle silk gland, alanyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA peaked at 72 h of the fifth larval instar, declining to undetectable levels by 120 h. Genomic Southern blot analysis using a nick-translated cDNA probe revealed hybridization to single fragments when B. mori genomic DNA was digested with various restriction endonucleases.
Metabolically Regulated Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (2011)

In mammalian cells, the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway, is ubiquitylated and degraded by the 26 S proteasome when mevalonate-derived metabolites accumulate, representing a case of metabolically regulated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Here, we studied which mevalonate-derived metabolites signal for HMGR degradation and the ERAD step(s) in which these metabolites are required. In HMGR-deficient UT-2 cells that stably express HMGal, a chimeric protein between β-galactosidase and the membrane region of HMGR, which is necessary and sufficient for the regulated ERAD, we tested inhibitors specific to different steps in the mevalonate pathway. We found that metabolites downstream of farnesyl pyrophosphate but upstream to lanosterol were highly effective in initiating ubiquitylation, dislocation, and degradation of HMGal. Similar results were observed for endogenous HMGR in cells that express this protein. Ubiquitylation, dislocation, and proteasomal degradation of HMGal were severely hampered when production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate was inhibited. Importantly, inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation markedly attenuated ubiquitylation and dislocation, implicating for the first time a geranylgeranylated protein(s) in the metabolically regulated ERAD of HMGR.
Managing semantic heterogeneity in databases (1997)

Modern database management systems essentially solve the problem of accessing and managing large volumes of related data on a single platform, or on a cluster of tightly-coupled platforms. But many problems remain when two or more databases need to work together. A fundamental problem is raised by semantic heterogeneity -the fact that data duplicated across multiple databases is represented differently in the underlying database schemas. This tutorial describes fundamental problems raised by semantic heterogeneity and surveys theoretical frameworks that can provide solutions for them.
A novel and comprehensive synthetic approach for the elucidation of protein antigenic structures. Determination of the full antigenic profile of the α-chain of human haemoglobin (1980)

A comprehensive synthetic approach for the determination of continuous antigenic sites of proteins is presented. This approach consists of the synthesis of a series of consecutive overlapping peptides that, together, systematically represent the entire primary structure of the protein under study. Its application to the alpha-chain of human haemoglobin afforded, for the first time, a full profile of immunochemically active alpha-chain peptides and enabled the localization of all the major continuous antigenic sites of this haemoglobin subunit.
Towards a generic model of configuraton tasks (1989)

A precise definition is provided for general configuration tasks. Two important assumptions are identified: (i) functional architecture and (ii) key component per function. A domain-independent model is presented based on these assumptions. These assumptions are shown to be both useful and tenable in real domains. They are useful because they limit the complexity of the general configuration task, determine the basic knowledge needed for solving a configuration task, and enable more efficient problem solving methods. Ideas are presented both for representing the knowledge and controlling the search. Some of these ideas were originally implemented in the Cossack expert system.
Senolysis by glutaminolysis inhibition ameliorates various age-associated disorders (2021)

Removal of senescent cells (senolysis) has been proposed to be beneficial for improving age-associated pathologies, but the molecular pathways for such senolytic activity have not yet emerged. Here, we identified glutaminase 1 (<i>GLS1</i>) as an essential gene for the survival of human senescent cells. The intracellular pH in senescent cells was lowered by lysosomal membrane damage, and this lowered pH induced kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) expression. The resulting enhanced glutaminolysis induced ammonia production, which neutralized the lower pH and improved survival of the senescent cells. Inhibition of KGA-dependent glutaminolysis in aged mice eliminated senescent cells specifically and ameliorated age-associated organ dysfunction. Our results suggest that senescent cells rely on glutaminolysis, and its inhibition offers a promising strategy for inducing senolysis in vivo.
New cell surface markers for murine fetal hepatic stem cells identified through high density complementary DNA microarrays† (2007)

This is the first microarray study to analyze the specific gene expression profile of purified murine FLSPC. Our analysis identified 24 new/potential cell surface markers for murine fetal hepatic stem cells, of which Nope may be particularly useful in future studies to identify, characterize and isolate hepatic stem cells from the AL.
Occurrence and Inhibition of Chitin in Cell Walls of Wood-Decay Fungi (1983)

Recherche des teneurs en chitine dans la paroi cellulaire des champignons agents de pourriture du bois. Recherche d'une relation entre les traitements a la polyoxine et les modifications de la teneur en chitine