gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced‐Rate Biodegradation of Organophosphate Neurotoxins by Immobilized Nongrowing Bacteria (2002)

Pesticide wastes generated from livestock dipping operations containing the organophosphate (OP) insecticide coumaphos (CP) are well suited for disposal by biodegradation since they are highly concentrated (approximately 1 g/L), generally contained, and lack additional toxic components. In this study, a significantly enhanced efficiency of degrading CP in cattle dip waste (CDW) is reported using a dense, nongrowing cell population that functions without the addition of nutrients required for growing cell cultures. A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli containing the opd gene for organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), which is capable of active hydrolysis of OP neurotoxins including CP, was cultivated in a rich medium containing all essential nutrients. Cells were harvested and utilized in lab scale experiments in the form of either freely suspended cells or cells immobilized within a macroporous gel matrix, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogel. Significantly higher degradation rates were achieved with either suspended or immobilized OPH(+) cells compared to rates with the microbial consortium naturally present in CDW. Of the two nongrowing cell systems, the detoxification rate with immobilized cells was approximately twice that of freely suspended cells, and kinetic studies demonstrated that a higher maximum reaction rate was achieved with the immobilized cell system. A comparative study using both the CDW and pure CP substrates with free cells indicated that the CDW contained one or more factors that reduced the bioavailability of CP. The immobilized cells retained their activity over a 4-month period of use and storage, demonstrating both sustained catalytic activity and long-term mechanical stability.
Plane-based self-calibration of radial distortion (2007)

We present an algorithm for plane-based self-calibration of cameras with radially symmetric distortions given a set of sparse feature matches in at least two views. The projection function of such cameras can be seen as a projection with a pinhole camera, followed by a non-parametric displacement of the image points in the direction of the distortion center. The displacement is a function of the points' distance to the center. Thus, the generated distortion is radially symmetric. Regular cameras, fish-eyes as well as the most popular central catadioptric devices can be described by such a model. Our approach recovers a distortion function consistent with all the views, or estimates one for each view if they are taken by different cameras. We consider a least squares algebraic solution for computing the homography between two views that is valid for rectified (undistorted) point correspondences. We observe that the terms of the function are bilinear in the unknowns of the homography and the distortion coefficient associated to each point. Our contribution is to approximate this non-convex problem by a convex one. To do so, we replace the bilinear terms by a set of new variables and obtain a linear least squares problem. We show that like the distortion coefficients, these variables are subject to monotonicity constraints. Thus, the approximate problem is a convex quadratic program. We show that solving it is sufficient for accurately estimating the distortion parameters. We validate our approach on simulated data as well as on fish-eye and catadioptric cameras. We also compare our solution to three state-of-the-art algorithms and show similar performance.
The role of nasal cavity disinfection in the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis. (2005)

The standard (A) technique to study the bacteriology of the bulla ethmoidalis in patients with chronic sinusitis yielded a higher percentage of positive culture and of bacterial isolates than a more advanced (B) technique. This is mainly due to the higher percentage of contaminant bacteria such as Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus recovered with the standard technique. Enterobacteriacea and others Gram Negative Bacilli were more often encountered into the bulla ethmoidalis with the technique where disinfection of the nasal cavity was performed.
Identification of determinants that confer ligand specificity on the insulin receptor. (1992)

We have previously shown, using truncated soluble recombinant receptors, that substituting the 62 N-terminal amino acids of the alpha subunit from the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) with the corresponding 68 amino acids from the insulin receptor (IR) results in a chimeric receptor with an approximately 200-fold increase in affinity for insulin and only a 5-fold decrease in insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) affinity (Kjeldsen, T., Andersen, A. S., Wiberg, F. C., Rasmussen, J. S., Schäffer, L., Balschmidt, P., Møller, K. B., and Møller, N. P. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 4404-4408). We demonstrate that these 68 N-terminal amino acids of the IR also confer insulin affinity on the intact IGFI holoreceptor both in the membrane-bound state and when solubilized by Triton X-100. Furthermore, this domain can be subdivided into two regions (amino acids 1-27 and 28-68 of the IR alpha subunit) that, when replacing the corresponding IGFIR sequences, increases the insulin affinity of truncated soluble receptor chimeras 8- and 20-fold, respectively, with only minor effects on the IGFI affinity. Within the latter of these two regions, we found that amino acids 38-68 of the IR, representing 13 amino acid differences from IGFIR, confer the same 20-fold increase in insulin affinity on the IGFIR. Finally, the amino acids from position 42 to 50 are not responsible for this increase in insulin affinity. We thus propose that at least two determinants within the 68 N-terminal amino acids of the insulin receptor are involved in defining the ligand specificity of the insulin receptor, and that one or a combination of the remaining seven amino acid differences between position 38 and 68 are involved in conferring insulin affinity on the insulin receptor.
The OFDM-IDMA approach to wireless communication systems (2007)

This article outlines the basic principles of OFDM-IDMA. Comparisons with other alternative technologies such as OFDM-CDMA and OFDMA are provided. Some attractive features of OFMD-IDMA are explained, including low-cost iterative multi-user detection, flexible rate adaptation, frequency diversity, and significant advantages regarding spectral and power efficiency.
Chromosome preparation and high resolution banding (review). (1991)

Banding was developed and used to identify chromosomes in different species. Combined with ultrastructural studies, banding also provided insight into the substructure and organization of whole chromosomes. However, banded chromosomes prepared for light microscopic studies of intact metaphase plates are highly modified structures compared to native chromosomes and the high resolution R and G-banding techniques used today are only possible because several basic methods were standardized and combined. These techniques include: 1) The use of spindle inhibitors. 2) The use of hypotonic solutions. 3) The use of methanol acetic acid fixation and air- or flame dried slides. 4) The use of cell culture synchronization and modified Giemsa techniques. In connection with chromosome structure and selected banding studies, the present paper discusses these techniques and their applications to different topics in cytogenetics.
Prediction of survival and mortality in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. (1993)

The adult or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an increased permeability pulmonary edema that occurs most often as a complication of bacterial sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or massive trauma. Clinically, the syndrome is recognized as acute respiratory failure with bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, a marked oxygenation defect, and normal or nearly normal cardiac function. Since its first comprehensive description > 25 yrs ago, the reported mortality rate of ARDS has remained high. Current series describe mortality rates in the range of 50% to 60%. The major cause of death in patients with ARDS seems to be bacterial sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. Predictors of survival and mortality have been studied. Older patients (> or = 60 yrs) who develop bacterial sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction are at high risk to die. Younger patients who develop ARDS from trauma or other noninfectious causes have a better prognosis. Persistent metabolic acidosis on the first day of ARDS is a particularly poor prognostic sign.
Intermetallics for permanent magnets (1993)

Going back as far as 1931, it is shown by the examples MnAl, Fe-Nd, Fe-Nd-B, and Fe(-Ti)-Sm how the history of permanent magnet materials might have evolved differently if hints had been heeded that were discernible long before a particular magnet development actually began. The author reports the lessons learned, discusses the directions being taken in the exploration of multicomponent alloy systems, and suggests ways to search for intermetallics that are potential permanent magnet materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Covalent modification with concomitant inactivation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase by affinity labels containing only L-amino acids (1993)

Affinity labels for proteins that process other proteins (e.g. proteinases and protein kinases) are an amalgam of two components, an active site-directed peptide carrier and a non-peptidic electrophilic appendage. We have synthesized several affinity labels for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase that are composed solely of L-amino acids and therefore contain only functionality present in naturally occurring proteins. We have found that 2 adjacent cysteine residues, when covalently linked via a peptide bond and an intramolecular disulfide loop (abbreviated as Cys<-->Cys), serves as a potent electrophile. The peptides Leu-Arg-Arg-Cys<-->Cys-Leu-Gly (1), Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Cys<-->Cys-Gly (2), and Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ala-Cys<-->Cys-Gly (3) inactivate the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in a time-dependent fashion. Since dialysis does not restore activity, but dithiothreitol does, this strongly suggests that covalent modification of the target enzyme has occurred at a cysteine residue. Although there are 2 cysteine moieties contained within the protein kinase, the 14C-acetylated affinity labels modify the enzyme only once. In addition, since ATP blocks inactivation of the protein kinase, this implies that it is the active site cysteine residue (Cys-199) that has undergone covalent modification. Based on the KI(inact) values obtained from inactivation kinetics, we conclude that the optimal site on the affinity label for the electrophilic Cys<-->Cys is 1 amino acid removed from the 2 arginine residues (i.e. 2). In addition, the efficacy of these inhibitors is also dependent upon the size of the disulfide ring. The eight-membered disulfide ring-containing peptides 1-3 are relatively poor affinity labels compared to the 12-membered ring-containing inhibitor, [formula: see text]
Is there an optimal respiratory reference position for self‐navigated whole‐heart coronary MR angiography? (2015)

The use of end-expiration as a reference position for respiratory motion correction in free-breathing self-navigated whole heart coronary MRA significantly improves image quality. J
Novel Recombinant Engineered gp41 N-terminal Heptad Repeat Trimers and Their Potential as Anti-HIV-1 Therapeutics or Microbicides (2010)

Peptides derived from N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) of the HIV-1 gp41 are generally poor inhibitors of HIV-1 entry, because they tend to aggregate and do not form a trimeric coiled-coil. In this study, we have fused portions of gp41 NHR, e.g. N36 or N28, to the T4 fibritin trimerization domain, Foldon (Fd), thus constructing novel NHR trimers, designated N36Fd or N28Fd, which could be expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The purified N36Fd and N28Fd exhibited SDS-resistant trimeric coiled-coil conformation with improved alpha-helicity compared with the corresponding N-peptides. They could interact with a C-peptide (e.g. C34) to form stable six-helix bundle and possessed potent anti-HIV-1 activity against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 strains. N28Fd was effective against T20-resistant HIV-1 variants and more resistant to proteinase K compared with T20 (enfuvirtide), a C-peptide-based HIV fusion inhibitor. Therefore, N28Fd trimer has great potentials for further development as an affordable therapeutic or microbicide for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection.
Substrates for Cytochemical Demonstration of Enzyme Activity. II. Some Dihalo-3-indolyl Phosphates and Sulfates1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstrates for Cytochemical Demonstration of Enzyme Activity. II. Some Dihalo-3-indolyl Phosphates and Sulfates1Jerome P. Horwitz, Jonathan Chua, Michael Noel, Joseph T. Donatti, and Josef FreislerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 3, 447Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00321a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00321a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated CSF levels of TACE activity and soluble TNF receptors in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease (2011)

We recently reported that expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, are significantly changed in the brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, we also found that, in an Alzheimer's mouse model, genetic deletion of TNF receptor (TNFR1) reduces amyloid plaques and amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) production through β-secretase (BACE1) regulation. TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) does not only cleave pro- TNF-α but also TNF receptors, however, whether the TACE activity was changed in the CSF was not clear. In this study, we examined TACE in the CSF in 32 AD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Interestingly, we found that TACE activity was significantly elevated in the CSF from AD patients compared with HCs. Furthermore, we also assayed the CSF levels of TACE cleaved soluble forms of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the same patients. We found that AD patients had higher levels of both TACE cleaved soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) and TNFR2 (sTNFR2) in the CSF compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Levels of sTNFR1 correlated strongly with the levels of sTNFR2 (rs = 0.567-0.663, p < 0.01). The levels of both sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 significantly correlated with the TACE activity (rs = 0.491-0.557, p < 0.05). To examine if changes in TACE activity and in levels of cleaved soluble TNFRs are an early event in the course of AD, we measured these molecules in the CSF from 47 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is considered as a preclinical stage of AD. Unexpectedly, we found significantly higher levels of TACE activity and soluble TNFRs in the MCI group than that in AD patients. These results suggest that TACE activity and soluble TNF receptors may be potential diagnostic candidate biomarkers in AD and MCI.
Eicosapentanoic Acid Reduces Plasma Levels of Remnant Lipoproteins and Prevents in Vivo Peroxidation of LDL in Dialysis Patients (1999)

Causative factors of uremia-associated atherosclerosis are complex. However, it is likely that atherogenic lipoproteins accumulated in plasma are involved. Remnant lipoproteins are atherogenic and are frequently observed in uremic plasma. LDL from uremic patients has been shown to be susceptible to in vitro peroxidation, suggesting that oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) could be excessively generated in those patients. No effective treatments to prevent accumulation of both atherogenic lipoproteins in dialysis patients have been published. Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) may change synthesis and/or catabolism of remnant lipoproteins and increase stability of LDL to peroxidation by altering the fatty acid composition of lipoproteins. A prospective comparative study was conducted to assess the efficacy of EPA on metabolism of remnant lipoproteins and ox-LDL in dialysis patients using two new methods: an immunoaffinity gel separation for quantifying plasma remnant lipoproteins and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring plasma ox-LDL levels, a marker for in vivo LDL peroxidation. Twenty-two hemodialysis and 16 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with relatively high plasma levels of remnant lipoproteins and ox-LDL were randomized to either EPA or placebo. Highly purified EPA, in an ethyl-ester form (ethyl all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentanoate) with a purity greater than 91%, was administered at a dose of 1800 mg daily. Overall, 3 mo of treatment with EPA significantly reduced the levels of both remnant lipoproteins (52% reduction) and ox-LDL (38% reduction). Additionally, gel filtration chromatography of lipoproteins showed that EPA treatment concomitantly normalized other potential abnormalities in lipoproteins. Treatment compliance was good and no critical adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, EPA administration proved to be effective and safe treatment to decrease plasma remnant lipoproteins and prevent in vivo peroxidation of LDL in dialysis patients.
Bacterial Luciferase (1974)

Abstract Bacterial luciferase is inactivated by modification of a single reactive sulfhydryl group on the α subunit by alkylating reagents. The apparent second order rate constants for inactivation by N-alkylmaleimides increase markedly with increasing chain length of the alkyl substituent, from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, suggesting noncovalent binding of the alkyl side chains mediated by hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme. The change in free energy of binding is about -0.5 Cal per mole per additional methylene group. The reactive sulfhydryl group thus must be in or near a hydrophobic region of the enzyme. At high maleimide concentrations, the rate of inactivation approaches a concentration-independent maximum (60 min-1, 0.02 m phosphate, pH 7.0, 25°) which is independent of alkyl chain length. The proposed candidates for the emitting species in the bioluminescence reaction all require highly nonpolar environments to blue-shift their fluorescence maxima to match that of the bioluminescence. These results indicate that such an environment is indeed available in the active center of bacterial luciferase.
Accurate in situ measurement of peak noise and delay change induced by interconnect coupling (2001)

An accurate in situ noise and delay measurement technique that considers interconnect coupling effects is presented. This paper improves upon previous work by proposing (1) a novel accurate peak detector to measure on-chip crosstalk noise, and (2) in situ measurement structure to characterize the dynamic delay effect. A test chip was fabricated using 0.35-/spl mu/m process and measured results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Noise peak measurements show 40-60 mV (1.8% average) accuracy to simulation results and dynamic delay change curve match well with SPICE. The proposed measurement technique can be used for interconnect model verification and calibration, and has applications to various design automation tools such as noise-aware static timing analysis.
Inhibition of angiogenesis. (1992)

The concept of antiangiogenic therapy was first proposed in the early 1970s as a method of restricting tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. In subsequent years sufficient knowledge about the process of angiogenesis itself was obtained so that it is now possible to begin to develop antiangiogenic therapy for clinical use. At least three strategies are feasible: (i) inhibition of release of angiogenic molecules from tumor cells; (ii) neutralization of angiogenic molecules that have already been released; and (iii) inhibition of vascular endothelial cells from responding to angiogenic stimulation. Most of the angiogenic inhibitors that have been discovered at the time of writing, directly interfere with the ability of endothelial cells to form new capillary blood vessels. Antiangiogenic activity is a newly found property of alpha-interferon. Although alpha-interferon is a relatively weak angiogenesis inhibitor in comparison to others, it has been very successful in the treatment of life-threatening hemangiomas in children. Early clinical experience with this first angiogenesis inhibitor to reach clinical trial, indicates that optimal antiangiogenic therapy in the future is likely to be based on the long-term use of inhibitors with low toxicity, and with little chance of inducing drug-resistance. It is apparent that different types of angiogenesis inhibitor may be administered together and that these compounds may also be administered to cancer patients as adjuncts to conventional chemotherapy. It is important to recognize that tumor vasculature has other properties besides angiogenesis, which make it a potential specific target for anti-cancer therapy.
Low-delay video control in a personal area network for augmented reality (2008)

A personal area network (PAN) is a feature of an augmented reality system, transmitting modified video for real-time display. Low-delay communication of encoded video over a Bluetooth wireless PAN is achieved in favourable channel conditions by a combination of dynamic packetisation of video slices together with centralised and predictive rate control. The result is minimised packet delay (below 0.05 s) and high-quality 40 dB video, with packet loss limited to 4% from radio frequency noise. Where channel conditions result in error bursts, dynamic rate change is introduced to reduce the need for packet retransmission and improve power efficiency.