gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair of the Injured Adult Hippocampus through Graft-Mediated Modulation of the Plasticity of the Dentate Gyrus in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2005)

Intracerebroventricular kainate administration in rat, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), causes degeneration of the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal and dentate hilar neurons. This leads to a robust but aberrant sprouting of the granule cell axons (mossy fibers) into the dentate supragranular layer and the CA3 stratum oriens. Because this plasticity is linked to an increased seizure susceptibility in TLE, strategies that restrain the aberrant mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) are perceived to be important for preventing the TLE development after the hippocampal injury. We ascertained the efficacy of fetal hippocampal CA3 or CA1 cell grafting into the kainate-lesioned CA3 region of the adult rat hippocampus at early post-kainic acid injury for providing a lasting inhibition of the aberrant MFS. Analyses at 12 months after grafting revealed that host mossy fibers project vigorously into CA3 cell grafts but avoid CA1 cell grafts. Consequently, in animals receiving CA3 cell grafts, the extent of aberrant MFS was minimal, in comparison with the robust MFS observed in both "lesion-only" animals and animals receiving CA1 cell grafts. Analyses of the graft axon growth revealed strong graft efferent projections into the dentate supragranular layer with CA3 cell grafting but not with CA1 cell grafting. Thus, the formation of reciprocal circuitry between the dentate granule cells and the grafted CA3 pyramidal neurons is likely the basis of inhibition of the aberrant MFS by CA3 cell grafts. The results also underscore that grafting of cells capable of differentiating into CA3 pyramidal neurons is highly efficacious for a lasting inhibition of the abnormal mossy fiber circuitry development in the injured hippocampus.
Effects of Human Aging on Patterns of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization Determined by the [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Method (1982)

The [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scan method with positron emission computed tomography was used to determine patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglu) in 40 normal volunteer subjects aged 18 to 78 years. Throughout all the studies, each subject was quiet, without movement, with eyes open and ears unplugged, exposed only to ambient room light and sound. For the entire group, whole brain mean CMRglu was 26.1 +/- 6.1 mumol 100 g-1 min-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 40). At age 78, mean CMRglu was, on the average, 26% less than at age 18, an alteration of the same order as the variance among subjects at any age. The gradual decline of mean CMRglu with advancing age occurred at a faster rate than was reported for mean cerebral oxygen utilization, possibly due to increasingly altered pathways for glucose utilization, or to increasing oxidation of ketone bodies or other alternative substrates. Glucose utilization in the hemispheres was symmetrical and mean CMRglu of overall cortex, caudate, and thalamus was equal in individuals at all ages. The slopes of decline with age were similar when LCMRglu was averaged over zones corresponding to centrum semiovale, caudate, putamen, and frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and primary visual cortex. However, the metabolic ratio of superior frontal cortex to superior parietal cortex declined with age, possibly due to selective degeneration of superior frontal cortex or to differences between age groups in the sensory and cognitive response to the study. These results should be useful in distinguishing age from disease effects when the FDG scan method is used.
Outcome of patients with abdominal sepsis treated in an intensive care unit (1995)

A group of 125 patients with abdominal sepsis admitted to the intensive therapy unit between January 1990 and June 1993 were reviewed to determine outcome. Mean(s.d.) age was 66(12) years and admission Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score 23(9). The hospital mortality rate was 63 per cent. Factors associated with mortality included age, APACHE II score, occurrence of septic shock, chronic ill health, female sex, sepsis of upper gastrointestinal origin and failure to clear the source of sepsis (all P < 0.05). Delay to surgery, anastomotic leakage and presence of malignancy did not influence survival significantly. Quality of life (measured by the World Health Organization performance score) at 15 months after discharge showed 24 of 32 survivors to be independent, ambulatory and capable of self care. No patient survived to become completely disabled. The factors associated with survival did not predict subsequent quality of life. Accurately defining the characteristics of this heterogeneous group of patients is a prerequisite for improved treatment, patient selection and research.
Comparison of Plasma Exchange with Plasma Infusion in the Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1991)

Plasma exchange is more effective than plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Sub-Diffraction-Limited Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens (2005)

Recent theory has predicted a superlens that is capable of producing sub–diffraction-limited images. This superlens would allow the recovery of evanescent waves in an image via the excitation of surface plasmons. Using silver as a natural optical superlens, we demonstrated sub–diffraction-limited imaging with 60-nanometer half-pitch resolution, or one-sixth of the illumination wavelength. By proper design of the working wavelength and the thickness of silver that allows access to a broad spectrum of subwavelength features, we also showed that arbitrary nanostructures can be imaged with good fidelity. The optical superlens promises exciting avenues to nanoscale optical imaging and ultrasmall optoelectronic devices.
AN OPEN Y·TRACK OLFACTOMETER FOR RECORDING OF APHID BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES TO PLANT ODOURS (1998)

Summary In order to test plant odours and their components on the behavioural responses of aphids, we designed an open Y-track olfactometer. The olfactometer was constructed from a brass rod positioned vertically, divided in two arms at the top. Glass tubes were slipped over the two arms that directcd a clean air flow and an air flow loaded with odour towards the Y-junetion. An aphid walked in a fcw minutes to the Y-junction and ehose between control and odour sides. In this olfactometer winged Aphis fabae aphids (alate virginoparae) preferred the arm with broad bean plant odour. The olfactometer is easy to construct, fast to use and can readily be adapted to other inseet species.
Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage fd DNA (1978)

The sequence of the 6408 nucleotides of bacteriophage fd DNA has been determined. This allows to deduce the exact organisation of the filamentous phage genome and provides easy access to DNA segments of known structure and function.
Ni-induced stepwise capacity increase in Ni-poor Li-rich cathode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries (2014)

Li-rich cathode materials have been considered as promising candidates for high-energy lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we report a new series of Li-rich materials (Li[Li1/3−2x/3Mn2/3−x/3Ni x ]O2 (0.09 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2)) doped with small amounts of Ni as cathode materials in LIBs, which exhibited unusual phenomenon of capacity increase up to tens of cycles due to the continuous activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. Both experimental and computational results indicate that unlike commonly studied Ni-doped Li-rich cathode materials, smaller amounts of Ni doping can promote the stepwise Li2MnO3 activation to obtain increased specific capacity and better cycling capability. In contrast, excessive Ni will over-activate the Li2MnO3 and result in a large capacity loss in the first cycle. The Li1.25Mn0.625Ni0.125O2 material with an optimized content of Ni delivered a superior high capacity of ∼280 mAh·g−1 and good cycling stability at room temperature.
Are different stoichiometries feasible for complexes between lymphotoxin-alpha and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1? (2012)

MM/PBSA predicts complexes with a ligand-receptor molar ratio of 3:1 and 3:2 to be energetically favorable. The high affinity associated with LT-(TNFR1)1 is due to the interaction between the CRD4 domain with LT. The global dynamics ascertained from ENMs have highlighted the differential dynamics of the receptor in different states.
Serotonin Reuptake Blockers in Vitro and in Vivo (1987)

Agents that inhibit selectively the neuronal reuptake of serotonin but not catecholamines, and that do not interact directly with neurotransmitter receptors, can have antidepressant activity clinically. Their antidepressant action presumably is initiated by enhanced serotonergic input to other neuronal systems in brain, which leads to primary and secondary (adaptive) changes in neurotransmission and results in remission of depressive symptoms.
Mutation detection : a practical approach (1998)

1: Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. 2: Single-stranded conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis. 3: Comprehensive mutation detection with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 4: Cleavage using RNase to detect mutations. 5: Cleavage of mismatched bases using chemical reagents. 6: Mutation detection using T4 endonuclease VII. 7: Detection of mutations by hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. 8: DNA detection and sequence distinction through oligonucleotide ligation. 9: Detection of sequence variation using primer extension. 10: Selective amplification of specific alleles. 11: The protein truncation text (PTT). 12: Functional assay of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. 13: Advances in direct DNA sequencing for mutation scanning
BWMK1, a Rice Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Locates in the Nucleus and Mediates Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression by Activation of a Transcription Factor (2003)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to transduce plant defense signals, but the downstream components of the MAPK have as yet not been elucidated. Here, we report an MAPK from rice (Oryza sativa), BWMK1, and a transcription factor, OsEREBP1, phosphorylated by the kinase. The MAPK carries a TDY phosphorylation motif instead of the more common TEY motif in its kinase domain and has an unusually extended C-terminal domain that is essential to its kinase activity and translocation to the nucleus. The MAPK phosphorylates OsEREBP1 that binds to the GCC box element (AGCCGCC) of the several basic pathogenesis-related gene promoters, which in turn enhances DNA-binding activity of the factor to the cis element in vitro. Transient co-expression of the BWMK1 and OsEREBP1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts elevates the expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the GCC box element. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing BWMK1 expressed many pathogenesis-related genes at higher levels than wild-type plants with an enhanced resistance to pathogens. These findings suggest that MAPKs contribute to plant defense signal transduction by phosphorylating one or more transcription factors.
On “Trafficking and Health” (2013)

This paper discusses the article "Trafficking and Health" by Joanna Busza, Sarah Castle, and Aisse Diarra. Human trafficking is unfortunately addressed by many political systems as a migration issue ‐‐ to be dealt with by restricting the rights of migrants, tightening border controls, etc. However, as we see in this article it is more of a health and human rights issue than anything else. Addressing a problem with the wrong diagnosis does nothing to solve it and oftentimes exacerbates it, and human trafficking is no exception to this. But with the right approaches, the damage caused by trafficking can be mitigated ‐‐ and we can remain optimistic that it can be largely eliminated from our global society.
Regulation of expression of mouse interferon‐induced transmembrane protein like gene‐3, Ifitm3 (mil‐1, fragilis), in germ cells (2004)

Mouse interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) gene, Ifitm3 (previously known as mil-1 and fragilis), is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs), in their precursors, and in germ cells of the fetal gonads (Saitou et al. [2002] Nature 418:293-300; Tanaka and Matsui [2002] Mech Dev 119S:S261-S267). By examining the expression of green fluorescent protein transgene under the control of DNA sequences flanking exon 1, we have identified domains that direct Ifitm3 transcription in PGCs and their precursors in gastrula stage and 13.5 days post coitum embryos. Germ cell-specific expression is achieved by the activity of a consensus element unique to the Ifitm genes, which may act to suppress Ifitm3 expression in somatic tissues. The lack of any influence of the interferon-stimulable response elements on transgene expression in the germ-line suggests that interferon-mediated response is not critical for activating Ifitm3.
The amino acid sequence of Ole e I, the major allergen from olive tree (Olea europaea) pollen (1993)

The complete primary structure of the major allergen from Olea europaea (olive tree) pollen, Ole e I (IUIS nomenclature), has been determined. The amino acid sequence was established by automated Edman degradation of the reduced and alkylated molecule as well as of selected fragments obtained by proteolytic digestions. Ole e I contains a single polypeptide chain of 145 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 16331 Da. No free sulfhydryl groups have been detected in the native protein. The molecule contains a putative glycosylation site. A high degree of microheterogeneity has been observed, mainly centered in the first 33% of the molecule. Comparison of Ole e I sequence with protein sequence databases showed no similarity with other known allergens. However, it has a 36% and 38% sequence identity with the putative polypeptide structures, deduced, respectively, from nucleotide sequences of genes isolated from tomato anthers and corn pollen, which have been suggested to be involved in the growing of the pollen tube. Therefore, the olive tree allergen may be a constitutive protein of the pollen involved in reproductive functions.
A Clinical Comparison of Bowel Preparations Prior to Double Contrast Barium Enema (1983)

ABSTRACT Two proprietary, oral, bowel preparation products have been compared for double contrast barium enema examinations. The study was a double blind design involving 109 patients. Evaluation was by radiological review and supported by questionnaires completed by both the patients and the six participating Radiologists. The products compared were Raykit, which was taken to be typical of a whole range of similar systems (based upon low residue diet, saline cathartic and bisacodyl tablets and suppository) and the newly developed Mede‐Prep (based upon low residue/high fluid diet and oral mannitol). Both products were found to be equally effective at bowel cleansing, while administration of Mede‐Prep was associated with significantly fewer adverse patient side‐effects, notably less thirst (better patient hydration) and less probability of interrupted sleep on the night prior to the examination.
Polycythemia Vera: An Appraisal of the Biology and Management 10 Years After the Discovery ofJAK2 V617F (2015)

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm that is associated with a substantial symptom burden, thrombohemorrhagic complications, and impaired survival. A decade after the seminal discovery of an activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in nearly all patients with PV, new treatment options are finally beginning to emerge, necessitating a critical reappraisal of the underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities available for PV. Herein, we comprehensively review clinical aspects of PV including diagnostic considerations, natural history, and risk factors for thrombosis. We summarize recent studies delineating the genetic basis of PV, including their implications for evolution to myelofibrosis and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. We assess the quality of evidence to support the use of currently available therapies, including aspirin, phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, and interferon. We analyze recent studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, and evaluate their role in the context of other available therapies for PV. This review provides a framework for practicing hematologists and oncologists to make rational treatment decisions for patients with PV.
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest (2009)

In cardiac arrest survivors who meet HACA criteria, therapeutic hypothermia with a cooling blanket improves clinical outcomes with cost-effectiveness that is comparable to many economically acceptable health care interventions in the United States.
Novel splice variants of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products expressed in human vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, and their putative roles in diabetes-induced vascular injury (2003)

The binding of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) to the receptor for AGE (RAGE) is known to deteriorate various cell functions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In the present study, we show that the cellular constituents of small vessels, endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes express novel splice variants of RAGE mRNA coding for the isoforms that lack the N-terminal V-type immunoglobulin-like domain (N-truncated) or the C-terminal transmembrane domain (C-truncated), as well as the known full-length mRNA. The ratio of the expression of the three variants was different between EC and pericytes; the content of the C-truncated form was highest in EC, whereas the full-length form was the most abundant in pericytes. Transfection experiments with COS-7 cells demonstrated that those variant mRNAs were translated into proteins as deduced; C-truncated RAGE was efficiently secreted into the culture media, and N-truncated RAGE was located mainly on the plasma membrane. The three isoforms were also detected in primary cultured human EC and pericytes. Further, full-length and C-truncated forms of RAGE bound to an AGE-conjugated column, whereas N-truncated RAGE did not. The AGE induction of extracellular-signal-related kinase phosphorylation and vascular endothelial growth factor in EC and of the growth and cord-like structure formation of EC was abolished completely by C-truncated RAGE, indicating that this endogenous secretory receptor (endogenous secretory RAGE) is cytoprotective against AGE. The results may contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis for the diversity of cellular responses to AGE and for individual variations in the susceptibility to diabetic vascular complications.
Migration of tumor cells to organ-derived chemoattractants. (1985)

Certain tissues contain unique factors which are chemotactic for metastatic tumor cell lines. Extracts of bone, brain, liver, and lung were tested for their ability to promote either the migration or the chemoinvasion, i.e., their penetration through a reconstituted basement membrane barrier, of various metastatic tumor cells. Using a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, B16-Br2 melanoma cells, which metastasize to brain, migrated most actively to brain extract. Lung-directed T241-PM2 fibrosarcoma cells migrated selectively to lung extract. Further, murine M50-76 reticulum cell sarcoma cells, which metastasize to liver and ovaries, were preferentially attracted to liver extract, and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells with high bone and brain colonization potential were found to migrate most actively to bone and brain extracts. Partial purification of tissue extracts showed that the factors in brain and liver are of different molecular weights. These data suggest that tissue-specific factors in different target tissues attract tumor cells which home to those sites.
VideoTrace (2007)

VideoTrace is a system for interactively generating realistic 3D models of objects from video---models that might be inserted into a video game, a simulation environment, or another video sequence. The user interacts with VideoTrace by tracing the shape of the object to be modelled over one or more frames of the video. By interpreting the sketch drawn by the user in light of 3D information obtained from computer vision techniques, a small number of simple 2D interactions can be used to generate a realistic 3D model. Each of the sketching operations in VideoTrace provides an intuitive and powerful means of modelling shape from video, and executes quickly enough to be used interactively. Immediate feedback allows the user to model rapidly those parts of the scene which are of interest and to the level of detail required. The combination of automated and manual reconstruction allows VideoTrace to model parts of the scene not visible, and to succeed in cases where purely automated approaches would fail.
A double-blind parallel study of tenoxicam and piroxicam in patients with osteoarthrosis. (1985)

Tenoxicam (TILCOTIL, MOBIFLEX) 40 mg/day has been compared to piroxicam 40 mg/day in a double-blind, parallel group study of 4 weeks duration in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis. Both drugs were well tolerated, tenoxicam slightly better than piroxicam. Both drugs improved general pain, improvement being greater with tenoxicam. Little improvement of other symptoms was seen with either treatment. At the end of the study, 12 tenoxicam-treated patients and seven piroxicam-treated patients elected to remain on their respective treatment.
PS2APP Transgenic Mice, Coexpressing hPS2mut and hAPPswe, Show Age-Related Cognitive Deficits Associated with Discrete Brain Amyloid Deposition and Inflammation (2003)

Transgenic mice, expressing mutant beta-amyloid precursor proteins (betaAPPs), have lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In many of these models, however, the temporal development of cognitive decline and the relationship to Abeta deposition and inflammation are unclear. We now report a novel transgenic mouse line, PS2APP (PS2N141I x APPswe), which develops a severe cerebral amyloidosis in discrete brain regions, and present a cross-sectional analysis of these mice at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age. Each age cohort was investigated for changes in behavior, electrophysiology of synapse efficacy, ELISA-determined Abeta load, histopathology, and in immunoelectron microscopy. Cognitive deficits were first observed at 8 months when Abeta deposits and inflammation were restricted to discrete brain regions, namely the subiculum and frontolateral (motor and orbital) cortex. As early as 5 months, electron microscopy revealed the presence, in these regions, of pre-plaque, immunogold-labeled extracellular fibrillar Abeta. At the same age, increased levels of insoluble Abeta were detected by ELISA, with Abeta1-40 levels exceeding those of Abeta1-42. Further cognitive decline occurred in an age-related manner, and this was accompanied by the spread of amyloidosis to ultimately affect not only neo- and limbic cortices, but also thalamic and pontine nuclei. Dentate gyrus post-tetanic potentiation was significantly attenuated at 17 months, and there were also significant differences in paired-pulse parameters. This systematic cross-sectional study of the behavioral and pathological changes in the PS2APP mouse indicates that it develops age-related cognitive decline associated with severe amyloidosis and inflammation in discrete brain regions and therefore is suitable for testing a range of potential symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies for AD.