gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of buffering capacity and acid neutralizing-pH time profile of antacids. (1998)

The antacid properties of seven antacids listed in the hospital formulary of a medical center were evaluated with in vitro tests. These included not only the preliminary antacid test and acid-neutralizing capacity test as described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP XXIII), but also a buffering pH profile test. The preliminary antacid test measured the final pH of a 10-mL solution of 0.5 N HCl 10 minutes after addition of the minimum recommended dose of an antacid, while the neutralizing capacity test measured the amount (mEq) of HCl neutralized by the minimum recommended dose in 15 minutes. The buffering pH profile recorded the pH time course of dynamic simulated gastric fluid neutralization by a dose of an antacid. In the preliminary antacid test, magnesium oxide showed the highest pH (9.52 +/- 0.14, mean +/- standard deviation, n = 3); aluminum phosphate gel yielded a final pH of 2.51 +/- 0.01, thus failing to meet the criteria of an antacid (pH > 3.5). In the acid-neutralizing capacity test, hydrotalcite had the highest neutralizing capacity (28.26 +/- 0.3 mEq), while sodium bicarbonate had the lowest (7.40 +/- 0.12 mEq). In the buffering pH profile test, aluminum-magnesium hydroxide suspensions and hydrotalcite tablets maintained a steady optimum pH (3-5) for around 1.5 hours. One tablet of calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or magnesium oxide could not raise the gastric pH to above 3, but two tablets increased the pH excessively (5.3 to 8.6). The higher dose (two tablets) of aluminum hydroxide hexitol complex could not raise the pH to the optimal level. These findings demonstrate that there is disparity in the antacid effectiveness estimated by the neutralizing capacity test and the buffering pH profile test and suggest that the efficacy of an antacid cannot be accurately predicted from its acid-neutralizing capacity. The dose of antacids greatly influences the neutralizing pH profiles. Aluminum-magnesium compounds appear to provide steadier buffering than carbonate compounds or magnesium oxide.
Isolation of the Protein Backbone of an Arabinogalactan-Protein from the Styles of Nicotiana alata and Characterization of a Corresponding cDNA (1994)

He Du, Richard J. Simpson, Robert L. Moritz, Adrienne E. Clarke, Antony Bacic, Isolation of the Protein Backbone of an Arabinogalactan-Protein from the Styles of Nicotiana alata and Characterization of a Corresponding cDNA, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 11 (Nov., 1994), pp. 1643-1653
[OP.3B.05] HEXARELIN PRESERVES MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION AND REDUCES INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION (2017)

Objective: Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function, attenuate inflammation and modulate the autonomic nervous system in models of ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study aimed to determine whether hexarelin (HEX), a synthetic GHS, preserves cardiac function and attenuates inflammation and remodelling using a mouse model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR). Design and method: Myocardial ischemia was induced by transient ligation of the left descending coronary artery (LAD) in C57BL/6J mice followed by HEX (n = 18) or vehicle (VEH) (n = 17) administration at 0.3 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Treated and sham mice were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging using a T1-weighted late gadolinium enhancement sequence (LGE) at 9.4 Tesla (T) to measure left ventricular (LV) function and tissue characteristics after 24 hours and 21 days. Results: HEX mice demonstrated a significant improvement in cardiac function compared with the VEH-treated group, demonstrating preservation of both systolic and diastolic function. A significant decrease in interstitial collagen and collagen concentration was demonstrated after 21 days within the HEX group. This was accompanied by a decrease in TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis demonstrated that HEX treatment shifted the balance of autonomic nervous activity towards a parasympathetic predominance, evidenced by a smaller low/high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) and increased normalized high frequency power (nHF). This was combined with a significant decrease in Troponin-I (CnT-I) and TNF-alpha levels with HEX treatment. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that GHS may preserve ventricular function and prevent remodelling in models of myocardial IR. The protective effects of HEX might be attributed to rebalancing the deregulated autonomic nervous system and activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in myocardial IR.
Can humans fly? Action understanding with multiple classes of actors (2015)

Can humans fly? Emphatically no. Can cars eat? Again, absolutely not. Yet, these absurd inferences result from the current disregard for particular types of actors in action understanding. There is no work we know of on simultaneously inferring actors and actions in the video, not to mention a dataset to experiment with. Our paper hence marks the first effort in the computer vision community to jointly consider various types of actors undergoing various actions. To start with the problem, we collect a dataset of 3782 videos from YouTube and label both pixel-level actors and actions in each video. We formulate the general actor-action understanding problem and instantiate it at various granularities: both video-level single- and multiple-label actor-action recognition and pixel-level actor-action semantic segmentation. Our experiments demonstrate that inference jointly over actors and actions outperforms inference independently over them, and hence concludes our argument of the value of explicit consideration of various actors in comprehensive action understanding.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Control the Severity of Viral Immunoinflammatory Lesions (2004)

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) can inhibit a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their involvement in regulating virus-induced immunopathology is not known. We have evaluated the role of T(reg) in viral immunopathological lesion stromal keratitis. This frequent cause of human blindness results from a T cell-mediated immunoinflammatory response to HSV in the corneal stroma. The results show that lesions were significantly more severe if mice were depleted of T(reg) before infection. The T(reg) was also shown to modulate lesion expression induced by adoptive transfer of pathogenic CD4(+) T cells in infected SCID recipients. The mechanism of T(reg) control of stromal keratitis involved suppressed antiviral immunity and impaired expression of the molecule required for T cell migration to lesion sites. Interestingly, T(reg) isolated from ocular lesions in nondepleted mice showed in vitro inhibitory effects involving IL-10, but were not very effective in established lesions. Our results decipher the in vivo role of T(reg) in a virus-induced immunopathology and imply that manipulation of regulatory cell function represents a useful approach to control viral-induced immunoinflammatory disease.
The signature of an air gun array; computation from near-field measurements including interactions; practical considerations (1984)

Abstract Iterative technique to calculate a notional array of noninteracting sources from the near-field hydrophone measurements. The notional signatures form the basis for calculating the array signature in any direction. Prudent positioning of the hydrophones, one close to each air gun. In normal operation the forward motion of the hydrophones and upward motion of the air gun bubbles are important effects which must be included in the equations. Array signatures obtained in very bad weather conditions (force 8) are presented. In this extreme test the signatures are very stable from shot to shot.--Modified journal abstract.
MafA is a dedicated activator of the insulin gene in vivo (2008)

As successful generation of insulin-producing cells could be used for diabetes treatment, a concerted effort is being made to understand the molecular programs underlying islet beta-cell formation and function. The closely related MafA and MafB transcription factors are both key mammalian beta-cell regulators. MafA and MafB are co-expressed in insulin+beta-cells during embryogenesis, while in the adult pancreas only MafA is produced in beta-cells and MafB in glucagon+alpha-cells. MafB-/- animals are also deficient in insulin+ and glucagon+ cell production during embryogenesis. However, only MafA over-expression selectively induced endogenous Insulin mRNA production in cell line-based assays, while MafB specifically promoted Glucagon expression. Here, we analyzed whether these factors were sufficient to induce insulin+ and/or glucagon+ cell formation within embryonic endoderm using the chick in ovo electroporation assay. Ectopic expression of MafA, but not MafB, promoted Insulin production; however, neither MafA nor MafB were capable of inducing Glucagon. Co-electroporation of MafA with the Ngn3 transcription factor resulted in the development of more organized cell clusters containing both insulin- and glucagon-producing cells. Analysis of chimeric proteins of MafA and MafB demonstrated that chick Insulin activation depended on sequences within the MafA C-terminal DNA-binding domain. MafA was also bound to Insulin and Glucagon transcriptional control sequences in mouse embryonic pancreas and beta-cell lines. Collectively, these results demonstrate a unique ability for MafA to independently activate Insulin transcription.
Fine Antigenic Specificity and Cooperative Bactericidal Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed at the Meningococcal Vaccine Candidate Factor H-Binding Protein (2008)

No broadly protective vaccine is available for the prevention of group B meningococcal disease. One promising candidate is factor H-binding protein (fHbp), which is present in all strains but often sparsely expressed. We prepared seven murine immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against fHbp from antigenic variant group 2 (v.2) or v.3 ( approximately 40% of group B strains). Although none of the MAbs individually elicited bactericidal activity with human complement, all had activity in different combinations. We used MAb reactivity with strains expressing fHbp polymorphisms and site-specific mutagenesis to identify residues that are important for epitopes recognized by six of the v.2 or v.3 MAbs and by two v.1 MAbs that were previously characterized. Residues affecting v.2 or v.3 epitopes resided between amino acids 174 and 216, which formed an eight-stranded beta-barrel in the C domain, while residues affecting the v.1 epitopes included amino acids 121 and 122 of the B domain. Pairs of MAbs were bactericidal when their respective epitopes involved residues separated by 16 to 20 A and when at least one of the MAbs inhibited the binding of fH, a downregulatory complement protein. In contrast, there was no cooperative bactericidal activity when the distance between residues was >or=27 A or <or=14 A, which correlated with the inhibition of the binding of one MAb by the other MAb. Thus, a model for anti-fH MAb bactericidal activity against strains expressing low levels of fHbp requires the binding of two MAbs directed at nonoverlapping epitopes, which activates the classical complement pathway as well as inhibits fH binding. The latter increases the susceptibility of the organism to complement-mediated bacteriolysis.
Introduction: why another stargazing guide? (2008)

I had been an armchair astronomer for years: I loved reading about science, and I had some general knowledge about the Universe and how it works. However, I knew little about the actual night sky as it appears above the Earth, and I had never owned a decent telescope.
Seizure classification in EEG signals utilizing Hilbert-Huang transform (2011)

An original tool for EEG signal processing giving physicians the possibility to diagnose brain functionality abnormalities is presented in this paper. The proposed system bears the potential of providing several credible benefits such as fast diagnosis, high accuracy, good sensitivity and specificity, time saving and user friendly. Furthermore, the classification of mode mixing can be achieved using the extracted instantaneous information of every IMF, but it would be most likely a hard task if only the average value is used. Extra benefits of this proposed system include low cost, and ease of interface. All of that indicate the usefulness of the tool and its use as an efficient diagnostic tool.
Endogenous central cholinergic systems and baroreflex modulation in the conscious dog (1998)

Intracisternal atropine and mecamylamine failed to modify baroreflex sensitivity in dogs, suggesting a lack of cholinergic neurons integrated in baroreflex pathways. Conversely, neostigmine lowered baroreflex sensitivity suggesting a putative cholinergic modulation.
Two New Phenylglycol Derivatives Isolated from Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica and Their Antifungal Activities (2009)

Two new phenylglycol derivatives, (S)-(+)-2-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-ethoxyl- ethanol and (S)-(+)-2-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-acetoxy-ethanol, were isolated from the leaves of Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, along with two known phenethylols, p-hydroxyl phenethanol and 3,4-dihydroxy phenethanol. The planar structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, and their absolute stereochemistry was established by modified Mosher's method. The two known compounds were identified by comparison of spectral data with published references. The two new compounds showed conspicuous antifungal activities by agar medium assay.
Proximal tubule characteristics of cultured human renal cortex epithelium. (1989)

Cultured human renal cortical epithelial cells (NHK-C) were examined for functional and morphologic characteristics of the proximal tubule. Cultures were established by using cells isolated by progressive enzymatic dissociation from the extreme outer cortex of the normal human kidney. Cells were subcultured and used at passages 3 through 8. Cell uptake of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and L-alanine was found to be dependent on the presence of Na+ in the incubation medium, and uptake increased with incubation time up to 30 minutes. Na+-dependent AMG uptake was inhibited 67% by phlorizin (1 mmol/L), and Pi uptake was inhibited 89% by parathyroid hormone (PTH) (10(-6) mol/L). Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate was increased 28-fold after exposure to 10(-6) mol/L PTH but was increased only 2-fold by the same concentration of vasopressin. The cells exhibited endocytotic activity and possessed maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, enzymes located exclusively in the brush border membranes of proximal tubule cells. NHK-C cultures were structurally heterogeneous, made up of a mixed-cell population with predominant epithelial-like morphology. Epithelial cells had cuboidal form, solitary cilia, and short, irregularly distributed apical microvilli. These cultures also formed multicellular hemicysts, but only through passage 3. NHK-C cultures showed a dramatic attenuation of proliferative activity at passages 8 through 10. These data show that subcultured cells derived from the outer cortex of the normal human kidney retain a number of functional characteristics typical of the proximal tubule.
The Association of Demodex with Chalazia: A Histopathologic Study of the Eyelid (2015)

While the authors cannot establish causality between Demodex and chalazia, these findings suggest that D. folliculorum indirectly may be involved in the pathogenesis of chalazia via its effect on the anterior eyelid margin.
Compressive Sensing [Lecture Notes] (2007)

This lecture note presents a new method to capture and represent compressible signals at a rate significantly below the Nyquist rate. This method, called compressive sensing, employs nonadaptive linear projections that preserve the structure of the signal; the signal is then reconstructed from these projections using an optimization process.
Inhibition of cyclosporine and tetrahydrocannabinol metabolism by cannabidiol in mouse and human microsomes (1996)

1. The in vitro and in vivo effects of cannabidiol on mouse and human liver microsomal metabolism of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine and the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol have been examined. 2. Preincubation of mouse or human liver microsomes with cannabidiol decreased the formation of all detectable cyclosporine metabolites by 73-89%. 3. In vivo cannabidiol treatment of mouse similarly decreased the formation of all detectable cyclosporine metabolites by 60-86%. 4. Preincubation of human liver microsomes with cannabidiol selectively decreased the formation of tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites catalyzed by cytochrome P4503A by 60% but had no effect on P4502C9-catalyzed metabolites. 5. Cannabidiol has the potential to clinically affect cyclosporine metabolism which may result in increased cyclosporine blood levels and an increase in its toxic side effects, and likewise may also affect tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolite levels in man.
Acute mixed-lineage leukemia t(4;11)(q21;q23) generates an MLL-AF4 fusion product. (1993)

A chromosomal translocation, t(4;11)-(q21;q23), is associated with an aggressive mixed-lineage leukemia. A yeast artificial chromosome was used to clone the chromosomal breakpoint of this translocation in the RS4;11 cell line. The breakpoint sequences revealed an inverted repeat bordered by a consensus site for topoisomerase II binding and cleavage as well as chi-like elements. The der(11) chromosome encodes a fusion RNA and predicted chimeric protein between the 11q23 gene MLL and a 4q21 gene designated AF4. The sequence of the complete open reading frame for this fusion transcript reveals the MLL protein to have homology with DNA methyltransferase, the Drosophila trithorax gene product, and the "AT-hook" motif of high-mobility-group proteins. An alternative splice that deletes the AT-hook region of MLL was identified. AF4 is a serine- and proline-rich putative transcription factor with a glutamine-rich carboxyl terminus. The composition of the complete MLL-AF4 fusion product argues that it may act through either a gain-of-function or a dominant negative mechanism in leukemogenesis.
Structure-function studies of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gH-gL complex (1998)

The herpes simplex virus gH-gL complex is essential for virus infectivity and is a major antigen for the host immune system. However, knowledge about the precise role of gH-gL in virus entry as well as its structure and antigenic properties is very limited. A structure-function analysis of a soluble form of gHt-gL complex is the focus of my thesis. Functionally, I found that unlike soluble gD, gHt-gL did not block HSV-1 entry into cells, nor did it enhance the blocking capacity of gD. However, polyclonal antibodies to the complex did block HSV entry even when added after virus attachment. In addition, these antibodies exhibited high titers of complement-independent neutralizing activity against HSV-1. To test the potential for gHt-gL to function as a vaccine, I immunized mice with gHt-gL. Mice immunized with either gD or gHt-gL showed reduced primary lesions and exhibited no secondary zosteriform lesions after HSV-1 challenge. Furthermore, mice immunized with either gD or gHt-gL survived virus challenge, while many control animals died. These results suggest that gHt-gL is biologically active and may be a candidate for use as a subunit vaccine. Structurally, I found that the complex consists of one molecule of gH and gL, and all N-linked carbohydrate sites of gH and gL are utilized. Using a series of gH and gL C-terminal truncation mutants produced in transient transfected mammalian cells, I mapped the epitopes of a panel of gH and gL monoclonal antibodies. Most of the gH Mabs reacted with the N-terminal portion of gH between amino acids 19 and 276. All of the gL Mabs reacted with the C-terminal portion of gL. Finally, I determined the minimal regions of both gH and gL required for complex formation and secretion, and examined the conformation of the truncated complexes with conformational antibodies. I showed that the first 323 amino acids of gH and the first 161 amino acids of gL can form a stable secreted complex, while the first 168 amino acids of gL is required to remain a correct conformation of the complex.
The Hematologist and Radiation Casualties (2003)

Since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, preparation by the health care system for an act of terrorism has been mandated by leaders of governments. Scenarios for terrorist acts involving radioactive material have been identified, and approaches to management (based on past experience from atomic weapons detonations and radiation accidents) have been developed. Because of their experience in managing patients with profound cytopenia and/or marrow aplasia, hematologists will be asked to play a significant role in evaluating and treating victims of mass accidental or deliberate exposure to radiation. This review provides a framework for understanding how radiation levels are quantified, how radiation alters the function of hematopoietic (and nonhematopoietic) cells and tissues, and how victims receiving a significant radiation dose can be identified and managed. In Section I, Dr. Nicholas Dainiak reviews four components of the Acute Radiation Syndrome: the hematopoietic, neurovascular, gastrointestinal and cutaneous subsyndromes. Clinical signs and symptoms are discussed for exposed individuals at the time of initial presentation (the prodromal phase) and during their course of disease (the manifest illness). In Section II, he presents clinical and laboratory methods to assess radiation doses, including time to onset and severity of vomiting, rate of decline in absolute blood lymphocyte count and the appearance of chromosome aberrations such as dicentrics and ring forms. Potential scenarios of a radiation terrorist event are reviewed, and methods for initial clinical assessment, triage, and early management of the acute radiation syndrome and its component subsyndromes are summarized. In Section III, Dr. Jamie Waselenko reviews the hematopoietic syndrome, and presents guidelines for the use of cytokine therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care that have been developed by the Strategic National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Working Group. Results of preclinical and clinical growth factor therapy studies with G-CSF, GM-CSF, pegylated G-CSF, SCF, and IL-3 are summarized. When and how potassium iodide should be used after exposure to radioiodines is also reviewed. In Section IV, Dr. James Armitage describes a narrow "window" of 7 to 10 Gy where therapy with stem cell transplantation may be appropriate. Victims who are candidates for allotransplantation should not have major trauma or significant injury to other (nonhematopoietic) tissues. Rarely, victims may have an identical sibling or autologous stored marrow or blood stem cells, in which case the threshold for transplantation is 4 Gy. In Section V, Dr. Thomas MacVittie describes new directions for therapy, using cytokines such as IL-7, keratinocyte growth factor, and FLT-3. The potential for combinations of cytokines to enhance hematopoietic recovery is also reviewed.