gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cusp radius measurement through digital image analysis (2012)

These findings might serve as a guide for different dental biomechanics studies and the conception, design and manufacturing of dental prosthetics.
RNA‐guided transcriptional regulation in planta via synthetic dCas9‐based transcription factors (2014)

Targeted genomic regulation is a powerful approach to accelerate trait discovery and development in agricultural biotechnology. Bacteria and archaea use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) regulatory systems for adaptive molecular immunity against foreign nucleic acids introduced by invading phages and conjugative plasmids. The type II CRISPR/Cas system has been adapted for genome editing in many cell types and organisms. A recent study used the catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) protein combined with guide-RNAs (gRNAs) as a DNA-targeting platform to modulate gene expression in bacterial, yeast, and human cells. Here, we modified this DNA-targeting platform for targeted transcriptional regulation in planta by developing chimeric dCas9-based transcriptional activators and repressors. To generate transcriptional activators, we fused the dCas9 C-terminus with the activation domains of EDLL and TAL effectors. To generate a transcriptional repressor, we fused the dCas9 C-terminus with the SRDX repression domain. Our data demonstrate that dCas9 fusion with the EDLL activation domain (dCas9:EDLL) and the TAL activation domain (dCas9:TAD), guided by gRNAs complementary to selected promoter elements, induce strong transcriptional activation on Bs3::uidA targets in plant cells. Further, the dCas9:SRDX-mediated transcriptional repression of an endogenous gene. Thus, our results suggest that the synthetic transcriptional repressor (dCas9:SRDX) and activators (dCas9:EDLL and dCas9:TAD) can be used as endogenous transcription factors to repress or activate transcription of an endogenous genomic target. Our data indicate that the CRISPR/dCas9 DNA-targeting platform can be used in plants as a functional genomics tool and for biotechnological applications.
A phase 1/2 trial of ublituximab, a novel anti‐ CD 20 monoclonal antibody, in patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia previously exposed to rituximab (2017)

This phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic behavior and anti-tumour activity of ublituximab, a unique type I, chimeric, glycoengineered anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in rituximab-relapsed or -refractory patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Induction therapy (doses of 450-1200 mg) consisted of 4 weekly infusions in cycle 1 for NHL and 3 weekly infusions in cycles 1 and 2 for CLL. Patients received ublituximab maintenance monthly during cycles 3-5, then once every 3 months for up to 2 years. Enrolled patients with B-NHL (n = 27) and CLL (n = 8) had a median of 3 prior therapies. No dose-limiting toxicities or unexpected adverse events (AEs) occurred. The most common AEs were infusion-related reactions (40%; grade 3/4, 0%); fatigue (37%; grade 3/4, 3%); pyrexia (29%; grade 3/4, 0%); and diarrhoea (26%; grade 3/4, 0%). Common haematological AEs were neutropenia (14%; grade 3/4, 14%) and anaemia (11%; grade 3/4, 6%). The overall response rate for evaluable patients (n = 31) was 45% (13% complete responses, 32% partial responses). Median duration of response and progression-free survival were 9·2 months and 7·7 months, respectively. Ublituximab was well-tolerated and efficacious in a heterogeneous and highly rituximab-pre-treated patient population.
The Merck Manual of Patient Symptoms : A Concise, Practical Guide to Etiology, Evaluation, and Treatment (2008)

This compact, convenient and thorough reference guide, created in the great tradition of so many other Merck Manuals, enables users to quickly find information they need to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients. Professionals will appreciate its conciseness, reliability, and portability, and students will love how it helps them make the transition from textbook knowledge to practical experience. It's published in a handy, durable paperback format, presented in 2-color for clarity and attractiveness, pocket-sized at 4 3/4 inches by 7 1/2 inches.
SiGe wet chemical etchants with high compositional selectivity and low strain sensitivity (2008)

We investigate the effect of strain on the etching rate of two SiGe selective wet etchants, namely NH4OH:H2O2 and H2O2, which are currently used to investigate the composition of strained SiGe layers. We measured the etching rates for relaxed Si1−xGex layers and for layers under a ±0.84% biaxial strain with different nominal Ge fraction x. For both etchants, we found that there is no appreciable strain sensitivity, i.e. the etching rates do not depend on the actual strain state in the SiGe films. Instead, for the NH4OH:H2O2 solution, the rates are primarily determined by the Ge content. Finally, we show that both etchants are isotropic with no preferential etching of particular facets.
Preoperative 123I/99mTc-Sestamibi Subtraction SPECT and SPECT/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2008)

SPECT/CT is significantly more specific than dual-isotope subtraction SPECT for the preoperative identification of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Role of hepatitis B virus genotype mixture, subgenotypes C2 and B2 on hepatocellular carcinoma: compared with chronic hepatitis B and asymptomatic carrier state in the same area (2008)

The role of genotype mixture and subgenotypes remains controversial in determining the clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to determine their role on the development and the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV genotypes, serum viral load and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion were determined in 462 HCC patients, 234 chronic hepatitis patients and 425 asymptomatic carriers born in Eastern China. In the 462 HCC patients, 62 (13.4%), 337 (72.9%) and 49 (10.6%) had HBV subgenotype B2, C2 and genotype mixture, respectively. Genotype mixture in HCC patients and hepatitis patients was associated with higher viral load than HBV C2 (P = 0.012, P = 0.000) and more frequent than asymptomatic carriers (P = 0.005, P = 0.000). HBV C2 was more prevalent in HCC patients compared with controls. Proportion of HBV B2 in HCC patients decreased consecutively from <30 to 50-59 years group (P = 0.024). Age-related changes of HBeAg seroconversion were not consistent with serum viral load in HCC patients with HBV B2 and genotype mixture, quite in contrast to hepatitis patients. By multivariate regression analysis, age >or=40 years and serum viral load (>or=10 000 copies/ml) were independently associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, whereas age <or=50 years and HBV B2 were independently associated with HCC recurrence after surgical resection. In conclusion, HBV coinfections with two or three genotypes were associated with higher viral load and more severe course of the disease. HBV B2 infection was related to HCC recurrence. HBV C2 predominance in HCC patients was related to the high prevalence in Eastern China.
Vagal Nerve Stimulator Implantation: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective (2006)

C-4.
Studies of circulating hemopoietic progenitor cells in human fetal blood (1982)

High levels of committed erythroid and granulocytic/monocytic progenitor cells have been demonstrated in fresh blood obtained at fetoscopy. The fetal progenitor cells were more sensitive to appropriate stimuli (erythropoietin and colony-stimulating factor) than adult progenitor cells grown under the same conditions, and this was shown to be due to intrinsic differences in the progenitor cells at the different developmental stages.
Design and Implementation of Australia's First Drug Court (2002)

In 1999 the New South Wales government implemented an evaluated trial of the first drug court in Australia. This paper outlines the initial design and legislative framework of the Court, and the Court's operation over the first six months. For the benefit of policymakers and researchers, challenges that arose in the initial implementation and evaluation process are outlined. Although the Court is based on a North American model, some aspects of the court proved a challenge in the Australian context (such as the development of rewards and sanctions). Difficulties in implementation are outlined, including differences in orientation of a health and welfare perspective compared to a criminal justice perspective and the importance of adequate IT resources for evaluation purposes and for a ‘paperless’ court. In outlining these challenges this article concentrates on the initial implementation phase of a new policy initiative. Long-term evaluation of the project will determine the true success of the Court.
Efficient generation of neural stem cell-like cells from adult human bone marrow stromal cells (2004)

Clonogenic neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing cells that maintain the capacity to differentiate into brain-specific cell types, and may also replace or repair diseased brain tissue. NSCs can be directly isolated from fetal or adult nervous tissue, or derived from embryonic stem cells. Here, we describe the efficient conversion of human adult bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) into a neural stem cell-like population (hmNSC, for human marrow-derived NSC-like cells). These cells grow in neurosphere-like structures, express high levels of early neuroectodermal markers, such as the proneural genes NeuroD1, Neurog2, MSl1 as well as otx1 and nestin, but lose the characteristics of mesodermal stromal cells. In the presence of selected growth factors, hmNSCs can be differentiated into the three main neural phenotypes: astroglia, oligodendroglia and neurons. Clonal analysis demonstrates that individual hmNSCs are multipotent and retain the capacity to generate both glia and neurons. Our cell culture system provides a powerful tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of neural differentiation in adult human NSCs. hmNSCs may therefore ultimately help to treat acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Production and characterization of anti-DNA-RNA monoclonal antibodies and their application in Listeria detection (1993)

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for DNA-RNA hybrids were successfully produced with two different heteropolymers as antigens, cDNA-mRNA and phi X174 DNA-RNA heteroduplexes. The former was simpler to prepare. Both had shown similar immunogenicities. Two different immunoglobulin M MAbs were isolated. The 20D3 MAb, generated with the phi X174 DNA-RNA hybrid, showed association constants of 1.05 x 10(12), 2.12 x 10(10), and 1.68 x 10(7) for the antigens phi X174 DNA-RNA, cDNA-mRNA, and poly(rA)-poly(dT), respectively. The 6B5 MAb, obtained with the cDNA-mRNA hybrid, showed association constants of 1.59 x 10(5), 5 x 10(12), and 7.1 x 10(8) for the above-described antigens, respectively. With the 20D3 MAb, an immunoassay was developed for the detection of Listeria DNA-RNA hybrids. In brief, a biotinylated rRNA gene probe specific for the genus Listeria was hybridized with rRNA in the solution phase. The hybrids thus formed were then captured in microtiter plate wells precoated with the purified 20D3 MAb, and the probe-target hybrids were detected with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. This assay was shown to be specific for the genus Listeria and highly sensitive, allowing the detection of as little as 2.5 pg of target rRNA.
Modifications of Human Histone H3 Variants during Mitosis (2005)

Phosphorylation of histone H3 is a hallmark event in mitosis and is associated with chromosome condensation. Here, we use a combination of immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize post-translational modifications associated with phosphorylation on the N-terminal tails of histone H3 variants purified from mitotically arrested HeLa cells. Modifications observed in vivo on lysine residues adjacent to phosphorylated Ser and Thr provide support for the existence of the "methyl/phos", binary-switch hypothesis [Fischle, W., Wang, Y., and Allis, C. D. (2003) Nature 425, 475-479]. ELISA with antibodies selective for H3 at Ser10, Ser28, and Thr3 show reduced activity when adjacent Lys residues are modified. When used together, mass spectrometry and immunoassay methods provide a powerful approach for elucidation of the histone code and identification of histone post-translational modifications that occur during mitosis and other specific cellular events.
on William Kittredge (1985)

T h e assertion has been v en tu re d before an d I ven tu re it again here-th a t W illiam Kittredge is, to p u t it m inim ally, o n e o f th e leading sh o rt story w riters in this c o u n try today.In my o p in io n We Are N ot In This Together, his new book o f eight stories publish ed by G reyw olf Press, pretty m uch settles th e m atter for th e foreseeable future.His is th e voice o f to d a y 's no rth w est as clearly as, in th eir day, F. S co tt Fitzgerald's was o f the n ortheast or William Faulkner's o f the south.A n d yet, like the work of these tw o masters, M r.K ittredge s stories far exceed th eir regional b o undaries, press beyond them th ro u g h his skill an d passion in to th e circle o f th e universal.
Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (2001)

Long-term treatment with DHEA ameliorates some metabolic parameters that are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and, consequently, this seems to be an interesting therapeutic tool in the management of the postmenopausal syndrome.
Inhibition of Growth of Methane-Producing Bacteria of the Ruminant Forestomach by Hydroxymethylglutaryl∼SCoA Reductase Inhibitors (2001)

Two hydroxymethylglutaryl-SCoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, mevastatin and lovastatin, inhibited the in vitro growth and production of CH4 of strains of Methanobrevibacter isolated from the rumen. Mevastatin or lovastatin did not inhibit growth of species of rumen bacteria that are essential for fermenting cellulose, starch and other plant polysaccharides to acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Approximately 4 nmol of lovastatin per milliliter resulted in 50% growth inhibition of Methanobrevibacter strain ZA10 and concentrations > or =10 nmol per milliliter completely inhibited growth and CH4 formation. Results of in vitro growth studies suggest that supplementation of ruminant feeds with HMG-CoA inhibitors could decrease ruminant methane production and increase the efficiency of feed utilization by domestic ruminants.
The transforming function of bovine papillomavirus DNA. (1983)

When bovine papillomavirus (BPV) or its 7.9-kilobase full viral DNA genome induces focal transformation of mouse cells, the viral DNA is maintained in the transformed cells as multiple episomal copies. This transforming capacity and maintenance of the episomal state previously has been localized to a 69% subgenomic fragment of the viral DNA genome. We now have characterized further the BPV DNA sequences that can encode the transforming function. We first created a series of BPV DNA deletion mutants and correlated the location of the deletions with the capacity of the deleted viral DNAs to induce transformation of mouse cells. The results indicated that two discontinuous segments of the viral DNA were required for transformation. One segment, near the 5' end of the 69% transforming fragment, probably represents a control element of the viral DNA. The second segment, which lies within the 3' end of the 69% fragment, encodes transforming sequences of the viral DNA; ligation of a retroviral control element (the long terminal repeat DNA of Harvey murine sarcoma virus) to the 2.3-kilobase segment at the 3' end of the 69% fragment induces transformation of mouse cells. In contrast to mouse cells transformed by the full-length BPV DNA genome, the cells transformed by the deleted BPV DNA genomes contained few viral DNA copies; at least some copies appeared to be integrated. We conclude that different viral functions mediate cellular transformation and maintain the viral DNA in its episomal state.
The human factor (1994)

Human resource management exists to give added value to an organisation. Ken Hutchinson explains how he believes it has worked for the staff in his trust
The anterior cruciate ligament: a technique of repair and reconstruction. (1979)

Both primary repair and late substitution of anterior cruciate ligaments can be accomplished by intra-articular methods. This principle is to provide temporary struts that are initially avascular but can later undergo revascularization and metaplasia to form a new ligament. The graft does afford initial support, however. An understanding of anatomic principles, suture placement, freedom of graft from impingement, avoidance of acute angular deviation of the graft, solid static stability, anatomic attachment points, and blood supply, is absolutely essential for success in this field of surgery.
Grafting of a High-Affinity Zn(II)-Binding Site on the .beta.-Barrel of Retinol-Binding Protein Results in Enhanced Folding Stability and Enables Simplified Purification (1994)

In a rational protein design approach, the His3 Zn(II)-binding site from the active center of human carbonic anhydrase II was transplanted on the beta-barrel of mammalian serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) in a solvent-accessible location on the protein's outer surface. Several mutants of RBP were generated and produced in Escherichia coli, and their Zn(II)-binding properties were investigated in equilibrium dialysis experiments. One mutant, RBP/H3(A), with His residues introduced at the positions 46, 54, and 56 in the polypeptide sequence was shown to bind Zn(II) specifically with a stoichiometry of 1 and a corresponding dissociation constant equal to 36 +/- 10 nM. Binding of Zn(II) had no influence on the binding of retinoic acid, a natural ligand of RBP. In guanidinium chloride-induced unfolding experiments the mutant was found to be significantly stabilized in the presence of small concentrations of ZnSO4. This effect could be quantitatively explained using thermodynamic theory. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the protein-bound Zn(II) is accessible to iminodiacetic acid as an additional chelating ligand without competition for the metal ion. Thus it was possible to use the grafted metal-binding site for the efficient purification of the engineered, bifunctional RBP via immobilized metal affinity chromatography from the bacterial protein extract.
Isolation of Myxobacteria Carrying Soraphen Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (2009)

Polymerase chain reactin (PCR) could be a simple way to screen new microbial strains producing useful secondary metabolites if their biosynthetic genes are known and candidate strains to be screened are available. In this study, we have screened two myxobacterial strains, KYC3047 and KYC3076, carrying genes appeared to be biosynthetic genes of soraphen A, a potent antifungal substance, out of 50 cellulose degrading myxobacteria using PCR. The two strains were identified as Sorangium cellulosum based on morphological, physiological, and molecular biological characteristics. Both of the strains produced substances having strong antifungal activities as expected against Candida albicans, a causative agent of candidiasis, and Colletotrichum acutatum, a causative agent of anthracnose on pepper.
Field Evaluations of the Herbicidal Effects of Fluridone on Two Soils1 (1979)

Abstract The selective control of perennial weeds in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) with soil applied herbicides has been difficult to achieve with currently available chemicals. Also, the long‐term use of the dinitroaniline herbicides in cotton has resulted in a shifting of the weed spectrum to species which are resistant to these herbicides. New herbicides are needed to control these weed problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluridone {l‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐5‐[3‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ‐4(l H )‐pyridinone}, a newly developed soil applied herbicide, for effectiveness in the control of various annual and perennial weeds found in cotton. Fluridone, at several rates, was applied preplant incorporated or preemergence to Miller clay, a fine, mixed thermic vertic Haplustolls, and Lufkin fine sandy loam, a fine montmorillonitic, thermic vertic Albaqualfs, in the springs of 1976, 1977, and 1978 and in the fall of 1977. Weed control evaluations in cotton were made periodically after application. Spring applications of 0.45 kg/ha or higher effectively controlled broadleaf weeds for the growing season. Fluridone at 0.45 and 0.90 kg/ha effectively controlled rhizome johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] 2 of 3 years evaluated. Season‐long control of yellow nutsedge ( Cyperus esculentus L.) in a sandy loam soil was observed with preplant incorporated and preemergence rates of 0.90 kg/ha. Phytotoxic effects of fluridone residue were noted in a sandy loam soil one year after treatment but these effects were not as evident in the clay soil. Fluridone applied in the fall provided variable weed control the following spring depending upon soil type, weed density, and weed species present. Incorporation of the fall treatments increased the effectiveness of fluridone on annual grasses in the sandy loam soil. These experiments determined that fluridone could effectively control yellow nutsedge, rhizome johnsongrass, and many annual weeds in cotton at rates above 0.45 kg/ha but the residue of this treatment may limit the use of rotational crops the following year.
Purification and Properties of Flavin- and Molybdenum-Containing Aldehyde Oxidase from Coleoptiles of Maize (1996)

Aldehyde oxidase (AO; EC 1.2.3.1) that could oxidize indole-3-acetaldehyde into indole-3-acetic acid was purified approximately 2000-fold from coleoptiles of 3-d-old maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was about 300 kD as estimated by gel-filtration column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme was composed of 150-kD subunits. It contained flavin adenine dinucleotide, iron, and molybdenum as prosthetic groups and had absorption peaks in the visible region (300-600 nm). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide and metals in plant AO. Other aromatic aldehydes such as indole-3-aldehyde and benzaldehyde also served as good substrates, but N-methylnicotinamide, a good substrate for animal AO, was not oxidized. 2-Mercaptoethanol, p-chloromercu-ribenzoate, and iodoacetate partially inhibited the activity, but well-known inhibitors of animal AO, such as menadione and estradiol, caused no reduction in activity. These results indicate that, although maize AO is similar to animal enzymes in molecular mass and cofactor components, it differs in substrate specificity and susceptibility to inhibitors. Immunoblotting analysis with mouse polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified maize AO showed that the enzyme was relatively rich in the apical region of maize coleoptiles. The possible role of this enzyme is discussed in relation to phytohormone biosynthesis in plants.
Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (1979)

Sample selection bias as a specification error This paper discusses the bias that results from using non-randomly selected samples to estimate behavioral relationships as an ordinary specification error or «omitted variables» bias. A simple consistent two stage estimator is considered that enables analysts to utilize simple regression methods to estimate behavioral functions by least squares methods. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator is derived.