gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of Nanocellulose with a Xyloglucan–RGD Conjugate Enhances Adhesion and Proliferation of Endothelial Cells: Implications for Tissue Engineering (2007)

This paper describes a novel method for introducing the RGD cell adhesion peptide to enhance cell adhesion onto bacterial cellulose (BC). BC and cotton linters as reference were modified with xyloglucan (XG) and xyloglugan bearing a GRGDS pentapeptide. The adsorptions followed Langmuir adsorption behavior, where both XGs probably decorate the cellulose surfaces as a monolayer. The adsorption maximum of the XGs reached around 180 mg/g on BC and only about three times as much on cotton linters. The adsorption was verified with colorimetric methods. The specific surface area of BC measured with XG and XG-GRGDS was about 200 m (2)/g and was almost three times less for cotton linters, 60 m (2)/g. The difference in the amounts of XGs adsorbed might be explained by the swollen network of bacterial cellulose and a more exposed and accessible bulk as compared to cotton linters. The nanocellulose material was modified homogeneously throughout the material, as seen by the z-scan in confocal microscopy. Moreover, the modification in the water phase, in comparison with organic solvents, was clearly advantageous for preserving the morphology, as observed with SEM. The modification slightly increased the wettability, which might explain the decrease in or undetectable adsorption of adhesive protein shown by QCM-D. Initial cell studies showed that adhesion of human endothelial cells is enhanced when the BC hydrogel is modified with XG-GRGDS. QCM-D studies further revealed that the cell enhancement is due to the presence of the RGD epitope on XG and not to a nonspecific adsorption of fibronectin from cell culture medium. Optimization and proliferation studies of human endothelial cells onto bacterial cellulose modified with XG-GRGDS are currently being carried out at the Vascular Engineering Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
The receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) directly binds to ERK by a D‐domain‐like docking site (2003)

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)-mediated cellular activation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, activation of NF-kappaB and Rho family small G-proteins, cdc42/Rac, is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and tumor growth/metastasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms for the initiation of cell signaling by RAGE remain to be elucidated. In this study, proteins which directly bind to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of RAGE were purified from rat lung extracts using an affinity chromatography technique and identified to be extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK-1/2). Their interactions were confirmed by immunoprecipitation of ERK-1/2 from RAGE-expressing HT1080 cell extracts with anti-RAGE antibody. Furthermore, the augmentation of kinase activity of RAGE-bound ERK upon the stimulation of cells with amphoterin was demonstrated by determining the phosphorylation level of myelin basic protein, an ERK substrate. In vitro binding studies using a series of C-terminal deletion mutants of human RAGE revealed the importance of the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of RAGE for the direct ERK-RAGE interaction. This region contained a sequence similar to the D-domain, a ERK docking site which is conserved in some ERK substrates including MAPK-interacting kinase-1/2, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1, and ribosomal S6 kinase. These data suggest that ERK may play a role in RAGE signaling through direct interaction with RAGE.
Complete replacement of serum by albumin, transferrin, and soybean lipid in cultures of lipopolysaccharide-reactive B lymphocytes. (1978)

Albumin, transferrin, and lipids can replace serum entirely for support of LPS-stimulated murine B lymphocytes in culture. In the presence of these compounds, growth and maturation to IgM and IgG secretion, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), occurs at the same or higher efficiency in serum-free conditions as in conventional serum-containing medium, even at relatively low cell concentrations. In contrast to the rapid disappearance of LPS reactivity in conventional serum-containing medium, responsiveness remains at initial levels in serum-free conditions for 2 days before slowly declining. Overall lymphocyte survival is also markedly prolonged. In the presence of thymus "filler" cells, the serum-free conditions permit growth of every LPS-responsive cell to a clone of Ig-secreting cells at dilutions as low as a single reactive B cell per culture. The results have several important implications. These include the establishment for the first time of transferrin as a requirement for B lymphocyte responses in culture, and the availability now of conditions for the assay isolation of cell products regulating lymphocyte function, free of interference from undefined serum components.
Alternative methods of plant transformation--a short review. (2002)

Several methods of transformation are currently available for delivering exogenous DNA to plant cells. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, microprojectile bombardment and direct protoplast transformation are routinely used today. However, each of them has certain disadvantages, which led to research into the development of novel alternative systems such as infiltration, electroporation of cells and tissues, electrophoresis of embryos, microinjection, pollen-tube pathway, silicon carbide- and liposome-mediated transformation. The low efficiency of transformation is considered to be the main reason for the limited popularity of the alternative transformation methods, other than infiltration and silicon carbide-mediated transformation, which seem to be the most promising ones for practice.
ADAM Nasal CPAP Circuit Adaptation: A Case Report (1991)

ADAM (Airway Delivery And Management) circuitry for nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (administration/delivery) was not successful in the delivery of nasal CPAP to a patient. Adaptations to the circuitry were necessary to obtain a more comfortable fit.
Shared-Memory Optimizations for Virtual Machines (2011)

Virtual machine environments are becoming more common due to the increased performance of commodity hardware and the emergence of cloud computing for large scale applications. As the use of virtual machines continues to grow, performance critical applications will require efficient mechanisms to achieve their tasks. We introduce Nahanni as a mechanism for shared memory communication in virtual machine environments. Nahanni allows virtualized applications, those running inside virtual machines, to communicate through shared memory for both data movement and synchronization when VMs are co-located on the same host machine. We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of Nahanni as part of the QEMU/KVM virtualization platform. We have modified existing communication layers to measure the performance benefit of Nahanni. Through microbenchmarks and applications, we demonstrate that shared memory is a useful and efficient communication mechanism in virtualized environments. Further, we discuss how the design and implementation of Nahanni enables a new class of applications, ones that use structured data, to benefit from the use of shared memory.
Analytical Foundations of Volterra Series (1984)

In this paper we carefully study the analysis involved with Volterra series. We address system-theoretic issues ranging from bounds on the gain and incremental gain of Volterra series operators to the existence of Volterra series operator inverses, and mathematical topics such as the relation between Volterra series operators and Taylor series. The proofs are complete, and use only the basic facts of analysis. We prove a general Steady-state theorem for Volterra series operators, and then establish a general formula for the spectrum of the output of a Volterra series operator in terms of the spectrum of a periodic input. This paper is meant to complement recent work on Volterra series expansions for dynamical systems.
Building a discourse-tagged corpus in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (2001)

We describe our experience in developing a discourse-annotated corpus for community-wide use. Working in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory, we were able to create a large annotated resource with very high consistency, using a well-defined methodology and protocol. This resource is made publicly available through the Linguistic Data Consortium to enable researchers to develop empirically grounded, discourse-specific applications.
EGFR overexpression induces activation of telomerase via PI3K/AKT‐mediated phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation through Hif1‐alpha in a cellular model of oral–esophageal carcinogenesis (2010)

Telomerase plays an important role during immortalization and malignant transformation as crucial steps in the development of human cancer. In a cellular model of oral-esophageal carcinogenesis, recapitulating the human disease, immortalization occurred independent of the activation of telomerase but through the recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). In this stepwise model, additional overexpression of EGFR led to in vitro transformation and activation of telomerase with homogeneous telomere elongation in already immortalized oral squamous epithelial cells (OKF6-D1_dnp53). More interestingly, EGFR overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. This strongly suggested a role for telomerase in tumor progression in addition to just elongating telomeres and inferring an immortalized state. Therefore, we sought to identify the regulatory mechanisms involved in this activation of telomerase and in vitro transformation induced by EGFR. In the present study we demonstrate that telomerase expression and activity are induced through both direct phosphorylation of hTERT by phospho-AKT as well as PI3K-dependent transcriptional regulation involving Hif1-alpha as a key transcription factor. Furthermore, EGFR overexpression enhanced cell cycle progression and proliferation via phosphorylation and translocation of p21. Whereas immortalization was induced by ALT, in vitro transformation was associated with telomerase activation, supporting an additional role for telomerase in tumor progression besides elongating telomeres.
Plants transformed with a region of the 201-kilodalton replicase gene from pea early browning virus RNA1 are resistant to virus infection. (1992)

The 3' proximal portion of the gene encoding the 201-kDa putative replicase protein from the Tobravirus pea early browning virus (PEBV) can potentially be expressed separately as a 54-kDa protein. Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the 54-kDa protein, designated 54K ORF, were resistant to infection by purified PEBV at inoculum doses of up to 1 mg/ml, the highest concentration tested. However, resistance was abolished by the introduction into the 54K ORF of mutations that would cause premature termination of translation. This suggests that the resistance mechanism requires the involvement of an intact 54-kDa protein. The 54K ORF-transformed plants were also resistant to infection by broad bean yellow band virus and an uncharacterized isolate of British PEBV (PGRO R) but were not resistant to infection by two other tobraviruses, pepper ringspot virus and the I6 isolate of tobacco rattle virus. Additionally, two variants of PEBV which overcame 54K ORF-mediated resistance have been isolated, the analysis of which might provide important information about both the resistance mechanism itself and the process of normal virus replication.
A Trellis Connectivity Analysis of Random Linear Network Coding with Buffering (2006)

Previous studies have proposed a practical network coding scheme for multicasting information in packet networks, which buffers received packets and outputs random linear mixtures of packets in the buffer. To analyze the performance of such a scheme, this paper introduces a continuous-time trellis, which models the packet transmissions in a practical asynchronous network. The continuous-time trellis represents an extension of a discrete-time trellis that was used in prior theoretical studies to model a synchronized network. The asymptotic throughput of the practical network coding scheme is characterized via an analysis of the asymptotic s-T connectivity in the trellis
Palladium-catalyzed formylation of organic halides with carbon monoxide and tin hydride (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed formylation of organic halides with carbon monoxide and tin hydrideVictor P. Baillargeon and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 3, 452–461Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00263a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00263a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4235Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From pathogenesis to prevention of castration resistant prostate cancer (2009)

CRPCa is the end-stage of a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease process. Pathogenetic factors responsible for the development of the CRPCa phenotype are detectable in the patient's PCa tissue long before the clinical onset of the disease. This approach provides opportunity for early detection and prevention by targeting pathways relevant for the individual disease process.
Expansion and functional maturation of human tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells after vaccination with antigenic peptide. (2001)

Peptide-based vaccines are currently being tested for their ability to induce or augment tumor antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in cancer patients. Here we report that the frequency of circulating CD8+ T cells directed against the Melan-A/MART-1 Ag increased >20-fold in an HLA-A2 melanoma patient immunized repeatedly with the corresponding antigenic peptide, as assessed by staining with HLA-A2/peptide tetramers. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the increase in total Melan-A-specific cell number was accompanied by a marked increase in the proportion of the cells that expressed an activated/memory surface phenotype. As assessed by ELISPOT assays and intracellular staining, the absolute number of Melan-A-specific cells able to secrete IFN-gamma increased >50-fold upon vaccination. When tested directly after cell sorting on the basis of tetramer staining, Melan-A-specific cells were weakly cytolytic but became highly active after in vitro restimulation. Altogether, these results indicate that large numbers of functionally active tumor Ag-specific CD8+ T cells can be obtained and maintained at high levels after in vivo activation by repeated peptide-based vaccination.
Information disclosure and corporate governance in listed companies in China: from Yinguangxia to Enron (2004)

\n\t\t\t\t\tChina's path to the development of a modern securities market has not been a smooth one. This article argues that efforts to impose Western securities market models on China have been fraught with difficulty. This is especially clear from the adoption of information disclosure principles and practices. While the integrity of disclosure practices is a fundamental element in maintaining investors' confidence in securities markets, disclosure practices need to be attuned to China '5 systemic features, especially in regard to its legal structure and rules. Market failures, such as the collapse of Enron in the United States, have led to a realisation that US disclosure models have their own difficulties and that these should not be uncritically used. This article reviews recent Chinese law andpractice (using the Yinguangxia false disclosure scandal as an example) in this area and calls for the adoption of a more critical approach towards the use of Western models with particular regard to China's own distinctive pathways of reform.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Peptide-polymer bioconjugates: hybrid block copolymers generated via living radical polymerizations from resin-supported peptides (2002)

A novel strategy for the preparation of peptidic-synthetic bioconjugate block copolymers is based upon sequential condensation and living radical addition polymerizations, each performed upon a solid support.
CDMA Systems Engineering Handbook (1998)

From the Publisher:
Strengthen your knowledge of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology, and build a solid understanding of the technical details and engineering design principles behind the robust new IS-95 digital cellular system standard with this comprehensive reference tool. Based upon the authors' high-impact international training seminars on CDMA system engineering technology, this book helps practicing cellular engineers better understand the technical elements associated with the CDMA system, and how they are applied to the IS-95 standard.

Practicing engineers who work with CDMA cellular, PCS, and WLL systems should have this guide close at hand, but even if you're engineering background isn't CDMA-specific, you'll appreciate the book's easy-to-follow, tutorial approach to the technology. Packed with nearly 2,000 equations, and supported by clearly presented, easy-to-understand explanations and examples, it not only shows you how to apply real-world CDMA system design techniques such as cell planning and optimization  it helps you understand the underlying reasons behind particular CDMA system design selections. Specifically, you learn...

? Proven-under-fire techniques that help you assess system modulation and convolutional code
performance, and optimize cellular system and Erlang capacity

? How to design PN code generators for spread-spectrum applications, and how to use masks to control PN code phase

? How you can use RAKE diversity combining techniques to combat fading

? How to control CDMA forward link power allocation to help maximize system capacity

An essential reference tool for CDMA system design engineers,service providers consultants, and technical managers, the book also equips R&D professionals with the knowledge they need to develop tools to enhance new or existing CDMA cellular, PCS, and WLL systems.
The first seven amino acids encoded by the v-src oncogene act as a myristylation signal: lysine 7 is a critical determinant. (1988)

The transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, pp60v-src, is covalently coupled to myristic acid by an amide linkage to glycine 2. Myristylation promotes the association of pp60v-src with cellular membranes, and this subcellular location is essential for transforming activity. The findings presented here, in conjunction with the previous reports of others, imply that the seventh amino acid encoded by v-src might be important in the myristylation reaction. Replacement of lysine 7 by asparagine greatly reduced the myristylation, membrane association, and transforming activity of pp60v-src. In contrast, substitution of arginine at residue 7 had no effect on any of these properties of pp60v-src. Addition of amino acids 1 to 7 encoded by v-src was sufficient to cause myristylation of a src-pyruvate kinase fusion protein. We conclude that the recognition sequence for myristylation of pp60v-src comprises amino acids 1 to 7 and that lysine 7 is a critical component of this sequence.
A Facile Entry to the 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-one Skeleton via [4+2]-Cycloaddition (1988)

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-one derivatives are prepared from 5-hydroxy-2-pyridone via [4+2]-cycloaddition with phenyl vinyl sulfone as an ethylene equivalent. Complete regiospecificity is observed. The exo-endo 15 ratio of the adducts is 7:3. A four step reaction sequence affords 2-aza-6-dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.2]octane, a starting material in the synthesis of desethylibogamine.
Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders (2007)

The discovery that expansion of unstable repeats can cause a variety of neurological disorders has changed the landscape of disease-oriented research for several forms of mental retardation, Huntington disease, inherited ataxias, and muscular dystrophy. The dynamic nature of these mutations provided an explanation for the variable phenotype expressivity within a family. Beyond diagnosis and genetic counseling, the benefits from studying these disorders have been noted in both neurobiology and cell biology. Examples include insight about the role of translational control in synaptic plasticity, the role of RNA processing in the integrity of muscle and neuronal function, the importance of Fe-S-containing enzymes for cellular energy, and the dramatic effects of altering protein conformations on neuronal function and survival. It is exciting that within a span of 15 years, pathogenesis studies of this class of disorders are beginning to reveal pathways that are potential therapeutic targets.
Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model. (1996)

Airways inflammation is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the precise role that individual inflammatory cells and mediators play in the development of airways hyperreactivity and the morphological changes of the lung during allergic pulmonary inflammation is unknown. In this investigation we have used a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation and interleukin (IL) 5-deficient mice to establish the essential role of this cytokine and eosinophils in the initiation of aeroallergen-induced lung damage and the development of airways hyperreactivity. Sensitization and aerosol challenge of mice with ovalbumin results in airways eosinophilia and extensive lung damage analogous to that seen in asthma. Aeroallergen-challenged mice also display airways hyperreactivity to beta-methacholine. In IL-5-deficient mice, the eosinophilia, lung damage, and airways hyperreactivity normally resulting from aeroallergen challenge were abolished. Reconstitution of IL-5 production with recombinant vaccinia viruses engineered to express this factor completely restored aeroallergen-induced eosinophilia and airways dysfunction. These results indicate that IL-5 and eosinophils are central mediators in the pathogenesis of allergic lung disease.