gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Administration of Recombinant IL-2 to Individuals Infected by HIV Down-Modulates the Binding and Expression of the Transcription Factors Ying-Yang-1 and Leader Binding Protein-1/Late Simian Virus 40 Factor (1999)

Leader binding protein-1 (LBP-1)/late SV40 factor (LSF) and ying yang-1 (YY1) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of HIV expression. In particular, YY1 and LBP-1 have been shown to cooperate in repressing HIV-1-long terminal repeat reporter gene expression by in vitro cotransfection experiments. However, no information is available on the levels of expression and activation of these transcription factors in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we have evaluated the expression and DNA binding activity of YY1 and LBP-1 (LSF) in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals before, during, and after administration of IL-2 in association with antiretroviral therapy (ART), a regimen under consideration for broad clinical use in this disease based on its ability to stably raise the absolute number of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes. Both YY1- and LBP-1 (LSF)-DNA binding were profoundly down-modulated during administration of IL-2/ART, and a proteolytic activity probably responsible for the reduced expression of the two cellular transcription factors was found activated in PBMC of individuals receiving the immunotherapeutic regimen. This study is the first evidence of modulation of cellular transcription factors following IL-2/ART administration and provides a potential correlate of the transient raises in plasma viremia early reported in patients receiving IL-2 in the absence of ART, thus underscoring the importance of always administering this cytokine to HIV-infected individuals together with potent antiretrovirals.
Antisense therapy for restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (2005)

Recent advances in vascular gene transfer have shown potential new treatment modalities for cardiovascular disease, particularly in the treatment of vascular restenosis. The antisense approach to inhibiting gene expression involves introducing oligonucleotides complementary to mRNA into cells in order to block any one of the following processes: uncoiling of DNA, transcription of DNA, export of RNA, DNA splicing, RNA stability, or RNA translation involved in the synthesis of proteins in cellular proliferation. The approach includes the use of antisense oligonucleotides, antisense mRNA, autocatalytic ribozymes, and the insertion of a section of DNA to form a triple helix. Proof of principle has been established that inhibition of several cellular proto-oncogenes, including DNA binding protein c-myb, non-muscle myosin heavy chain, PCNA proliferating-cell nuclear antigen, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and c-myc, inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in several animal models. The first clinical study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of local delivery of antisense in the treatment and prevention of restenosis; another randomised clinical trial (AVAIL) with local delivery of c-myc morpholino compound in patients with coronary artery disease demonstrated its long-term effect on reducing neointimal formation, as well as its safety. These preliminary findings from the small cohort of patients require confirmation in a larger trial utilising more sophisticated drug-eluting technologies.
Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood from patients with untreated new‐onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals molecular heterogeneity that may predict macrophage activation syndrome (2007)

Abstract Objective Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is frequently associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome. This study was undertaken to better understand the relationship between systemic JIA and macrophage activation syndrome. Methods Gene expression profiles were examined in 17 patients with untreated new‐onset systemic JIA, 5 of whom showed evidence of subclinical macrophage activation syndrome (of whom 2 eventually developed overt macrophage activation syndrome). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated on Ficoll gradients, and purified RNA was analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip expression arrays. A fraction of the PBMCs were used for flow cytometry to define the cellular composition of the samples. Results Two hundred twenty‐five differentially expressed genes ( P &lt; 0.05) that distinguished patients with systemic JIA from healthy controls (n = 30) were identified. Clustering analysis indicated that expression patterns correlated with serum ferritin levels. Three main clusters distinguished systemic JIA patients with highly elevated ferritin levels (including those with subclinical macrophage activation syndrome) from those with normal or only moderately elevated ferritin levels. The first cluster comprised genes involved in the synthesis of hemoglobins and structural proteins of erythrocytes. This transcriptional profile was consistent with immature nucleated red blood cells, likely reflective of high red blood cell turnover. Also included were transcripts indicating immature granulocytes. The second cluster was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle regulation. The third cluster was enriched for genes involved in innate immune responses, including those involved in the negative regulation of Toll‐like receptor/interleukin‐1 receptor–triggered inflammatory cascades and markers of the alternative pathway of macrophage differentiation. Additional differentially expressed genes of interest were those involved in the cytolytic pathway, including SH2D1A and Rab27a. Conclusion These data indicate that gene expression profiling can be a useful tool for identifying early macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic JIA.
Detection of Cannabis in Oral Fluid (Saliva) and Forehead Wipes (Sweat) from Impaired Drivers (2000)

Saliva and sweat have been presented as two alternative matrices for the establishment of drug abuse. The noninvasive collection of a saliva or sweat sample, which is relatively easy to perform and can be achieved under close supervision, is one of the most important benefits in a driving-under-the-influence situation. Moreover, the presence of certain analytes in saliva is a better indication of recent use than when the drug is detected in urine, so there is a higher probability that the subject is experiencing pharmacological effects at the time of sampling. We developed an original procedure using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to test for delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, in oral fluid and forehead wipes, collected with Sarstedt Salivettes and cosmetic pads, respectively. Blood, urine, oral fluid, and forehead wipes were simultaneously collected from 198 injured drivers admitted to an Emergency Hospital in Strasbourg, France. Of the 22 subjects positive for 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) in urine, 14 and 16 were positive for THC in oral fluid (1 to 103 ng/Salivette) and forehead wipe (4 to 152 ng/pad), respectively. 11-Hydroxy-THC and THCCOOH were not detected in these body fluids. Two main limitations of saliva and sweat are apparent: the amount of matrix collected is smaller when compared to urine, and the levels of drugs are higher in urine than in saliva and sweat. A current limitation in the use of these specimens for roadside testing is the absence of a suitable immunoassay that detects the parent compound in sufficiently low concentrations.
Does the face-specific N170 component reflect the activity of a specialized eye processor? (1998)

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to intact faces and to faces without eyes were compared to ERPs elicited by houses to find out whether the face-specific N170 component reflects the activity of a cortical eye processor. When compared to houses, face stimuli elicited a posterior negativity (N170) and a frontocentral positivity. N170 amplitude was not affected by the presence or absence of eyes, but N170 was delayed in response to faces without eyes. It is concluded that the N170 is not directly related to the activity of cortical regions sensitive to the presence of eyes, and is more likely to reflect processes involved in the structural encoding of face components.
Evaluation of the effects of omega-3 fatty acid-containing diets on the inflammatory stage of wound healing in dogs (1998)

SUMMARY Objectives To ascertain the effects of dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids on biochemical and histopathologic components of the inflammatory stage of wound healing. Animals 30 purpose-bred Beagles. Procedure Dogs were allotted to 5 groups of 6. Each group was fed a unique dietary fatty acid ratio of omega-6 to n-3—diet A, 5.3:1; diet B, 10.4:1; diet C, 24.1:1; diet D, 51.6:1; and diet E, 95.8:1. Dogs were fed once daily for 12 weeks, then biopsy specimens were taken from 4-day-old wounds of each dog and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for: prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) metabolites, and ratios of omega-6 to n-3 fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), adrenic acid to docosahexaenoic acid, and PGE 2 to prostaglandin E 3 (PGE 3 ) metabolites. Results Qualitative analysis was carried out on AA, EPA, adrenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and the major metabolite from the PGE 2 and PGE 3 pathway. These molecules were further quantified with respect to diet to determine significant differences. By analysis of the AA-to-EPA ratio, diet A was different from diets D and E and diets B and C were different from diet E ( P &lt; 0.05). By analysis of the PGE 2 -to-PGE 3 metabolite ratio, diet A was different from diet E ( P &lt; 0.05). Though biochemical analysis indicated dietary dependence, histopathologic data indicated no significant difference with respect to diet groups. Conclusion The biochemical component of the inflammatory stage of wound healing can be manipulated by diet. Clinical Relevance Omega-3 fatty acid-enriched diets can be used to control inflammation associated with dermatologic conditions. ( Am J Vet Res 1998;59:859–863)
The roles of three functional sulphate transporters involved in uptake and translocation of sulphate in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

To investigate the uptake and long-distance translocation of sulphate in plants, we have characterized three cell-type-specific sulphate transporters, Sultr1;1, Sultr2;1 and Sultr2;2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression in the yeast sulphate transporter mutant indicated that Sultr1;1 encodes a high-affinity sulphate transporter (Km for sulphate 3.6 +/- 0.6 microM), whereas Sultr2;1 and Sultr2;2 encode low-affinity sulphate transporters (Km for sulphate 0.41 +/- 0.07 mM and >/= 1.2 mM, respectively). In Arabidopsis plants expressing the fusion gene construct of the Sultr1;1 promoter and green fluorescent protein (GFP), GFP was localized in the lateral root cap, root hairs, epidermis and cortex of roots. beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expressed with the Sultr2;1 promoter was specifically accumulated in the xylem parenchyma cells of roots and leaves, and in the root pericycles and leaf phloem. Expression of the Sultr2;2 promoter-GFP fusion gene showed specific localization of GFP in the root phloem and leaf vascular bundle sheath cells. Plants continuously grown with low sulphate concentrations accumulated high levels of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA in roots and Sultr2;2 mRNA in leaves. The abundance of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA was increased remarkably in roots by short-term stress caused by withdrawal of sulphate. Addition of selenate in the sulphate-sufficient medium increased the sulphate uptake capacity, tissue sulphate content and the abundance of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA in roots. Concomitant decrease of the tissue thiol content after selenate treatment was consistent with the suggested role of glutathione (GSH) as a repressive effector for the expression of sulphate transporter genes.
Pressure-induced cubic-to-orthorhombic phase transformation in the negative thermal expansion material HfW2O8 (2001)

The effect of pressure on the crystal structure of HfW2O8 has been investigated by neutron powder diffraction. At a hydrostatic pressure of 0.62 GPa at room temperature the cubic material transforms, with a 5% reduction in volume, to the same orthorhombic phase that is seen in the isostructural compound ZrW2O8 above 0.21 GPa. The transformation is sluggish, requiring about 24 h to complete at constant pressure. Once formed, the orthorhombic phase is retained upon release of pressure. Upon heating to 360 K, the metastable orthorhombic phase transforms back to the cubic phase. The substantially higher pressure for the cubic-to-orthorhombic transition in HfW2O8, compared to ZrW2O8, may be important for the application of this material in composites with controlled thermal expansion because rather large local pressures can occur in such composites.
Selective Interactions of Polyanions with Basic Surfaces on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 (2000)

It is well established that the gp120 V3 loop of T-cell-line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) binds both cell-associated and soluble polyanions. Virus infectivity is increased by interactions between HIV-1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans on some cell types, and soluble polyanions such as heparin and dextran sulfate neutralize HIV-1 in vitro. However, the analysis of gp120-polyanion interactions has been limited to T-cell-line-adapted, CXCR4-using virus and virus-derived gp120, and the polyanion binding ability of gp120 regions other than the V3 loop has not been addressed. Here we demonstrate by monoclonal-antibody inhibition, labeled heparin binding, and surface plasmon resonance studies that a second site, most probably corresponding to the newly defined, highly conserved coreceptor binding region on gp120, forms part of the polyanion binding surface. Consistent with the binding of polyanions to the coreceptor binding surface, dextran sulfate interfered with the gp120-CXCR4 association while having no detectable effect on the gp120-CD4 interaction. The interaction between polyanions and X4 or R5X4 gp120 was readily detectable, whereas weak or undetectable binding was observed with R5 gp120. Analysis of mutated forms of X4 gp120 demonstrated that the V3 loop is the major determinant for polyanion binding whereas other regions, including the V1/V2 loop structure and the NH(2) and COOH termini, exert a more subtle influence. A molecular model of the electrostatic potential of the conserved coreceptor binding region confirmed that it is basic but that the overall charge on this surface is dominated by the V3 loop. These results demonstrate a selective interaction of gp120 with polyanions and suggest that the conserved coreceptor binding surface may present a novel and conserved target for therapeutic intervention.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Chicken Tracheal Response to Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain R low (2017)

<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>, the primary etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in poultry, leads to prolonged recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in the respiratory mucosa. This is consistent with the current model of immune dysregulation that ostensibly allows the organism to evade clearance mechanisms and establish chronic infection. To date, studies using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and microarrays have shown a significant transient upregulation of cytokines and chemokines from tracheal epithelial cells (TECs) <i>in vitro</i> and tracheal tissue <i>ex vivo</i> in response to virulent strain R<sub>low</sub> that contributes to the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tracheal mucosa. To expand upon these experiments, RNA was isolated from tracheas of 20 chickens infected with <i>M. gallisepticum</i> R<sub>low</sub> and 20 mock-infected animals at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postinoculation, and samples were analyzed for differential gene expression using Illumina RNA sequencing. A rapid host response was observed 24 h postinfection, with over 2,500 significantly differentially expressed genes on day 3, the peak of infection. Many of these genes have immune-related functions involved in signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptor (TLR), mitogen-activated protein kinase, Jak-STAT, and the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor pathways. Of interest was the increased expression of numerous cell surface receptors, including TLR4 and TLR15, which may contribute to the production of cytokines. Metabolic pathways were also activated on days 1 and 3 postinfection, ostensibly due to epithelial cell distress that occurs upon infection. Early perturbations in tissue-wide gene expression, as observed here, may underpin a profound immune dysregulation, setting the stage for disease manifestations characteristic of <i>M. gallisepticum</i> infection.
GAD-Alum Immunotherapy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-alum (Diamyd(®), Diamyd Medical, Stockholm, Sweden) is an adjuvant-formulated vaccine incorporating recombinant human GAD65, the specific isoform of GAD expressed in human pancreatic β-cells and a major antigen targeted by autoreactive T lymphocytes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Intermittent vaccination with this protein is theorized to induce immune tolerance to GAD65, thereby potentially interrupting further β-cell destruction. Hence, clinical trials are ongoing to examine the efficacy and safety of GAD-alum immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune-mediated forms of diabetes, including Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
The murine inhibitory receptor mSiglec‐E is expressed broadly on cells of the innate immune system whereas mSiglec‐F is restricted to eosinophils (2004)

Murine (m) Siglec-E and mSiglec-F are recently discovered murine sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins with tyrosine-based inhibitory signaling motifs. They are postulated to be the orthologs of human (h) siglec-7, -8 or -9 and siglec-5, respectively. We report here the first detailed characterization of mSiglec-E, and compare its expression pattern with mSiglec-F. Similar to hSiglec-7, mSiglec-E preferred alpha 2-8-linked disialic acid over alpha 2-3- and alpha 2-6-linked sialic acids. Using a specific Ab, FACS analysis demonstrated that mSiglec-E was expressed mainly on neutrophils in blood and their immature precursors in bone marrow. mSiglec-E was present on peritoneal cavity macrophages and on subsets of mature NK cells and splenic dendritic cells. mSiglec-E was also found ona novel population of peritoneal cavity B-1a-like cells and a subset of splenic B cells enriched in transitional T2 and marginal zone B cells. In striking contrast to mSiglec-E, mSiglec-F was expressed predominantly on eosinophils in blood and their precursors in the bone marrow. The distinct and largely non-overlapping expression profiles of mSiglec-E and mSiglec-F suggest that they play non-redundant roles in the innate immune system. mSiglec-E is likely to modulate the functions of several types of effector cells, whereas mSiglec-F is likely to be more restricted to eosinophil biology.
Nucleic acids. 11. Synthesis of 5'-esters of 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine possessing antileukemic and immunosuppressive activity (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acids. 11. Synthesis of 5'-esters of 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine possessing antileukemic and immunosuppressive activityDuane T. Gish, Robert C. Kelly, Gerald W. Camiener, and William J. WechterCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 12, 1159–1162Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00294a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00294a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A mould-and-transfer technology for fabricating scanning probe microscopy probes (2003)

We report a general fabrication technology for realizing singular or arrayed probes for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) applications. This method allows SPM probes to be made of a variety of materials, including metal, polymer (e.g., polyimide, SU-8), elastomer and silicon nitride. The probe shank and tip may be made of different materials. The mould-and-transfer fabrication process can realize arrayed tips with uniform geometries across a wafer, a feature that is especially useful for the development of large arrayed SPM probes. For example, an array with 1 M probes has been made with good uniformity of tip geometries and tip-to-tip spacing of 50 µm. Several specific SPM probe applications based on this process have been demonstrated to illustrate the utility of this general fabrication method. We discuss SPM probes with tips made of metal or polymer materials (polyimide, SU-8 and elastomer), for surface characterization and nanolithography.
Research on camera self-calibration of highprecision in binocular vision (2011)

This paper presents a self-calibration method of binocular vision; First, to match the point coordinates to be normalized to calculate fundamental matrix. Then solving the Kruppa equation by decomposing the fundamental matrix, getting the camera parameters. By using the principle of the same name point lights Intersect at one point to get external camera parameters that dual camera relative position and attitude; Finally, by introducing the principles of camera non-linear distortion of regional adjustment to improve the accuracy of calibration. By comparison between simulation and experimental and real analysis, the result shows that the method is a relatively accurate and practical self-calibration binocular method.
Factors affecting crystallization of hydrates (2010)

This review identifies the factors that are of critical importance in the investigation of anhydrate/hydrate systems. This knowledge can be used to control the phase transformation during pharmaceutical processing and storage, as well as in building a desired functionality for the final formulation.
Bearing surfaces in total hip replacements: state of the art and future developments. (2001)

Because the UHMWPE components fabricated by the historic process of gamma-sterilization in air are no longer marketed, a surgeon who wishes to continue performing joint replacement surgery must choose among the new polyethylenes, or he or she may choose a modern metal-metal or ceramic-ceramic bearing, each of which has its potential advantages and disadvantages (Table 4). Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the surgeon to assess the risk-benefit ratios of each of the new bearing combinations and make an informed and wise choice among them.