gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of CdSeS Nanocrystals in Coordinating and Noncoordinating Solvents:  Solvent's Role in Evolution of the Optical and Structural Properties (2007)

CdSexSy nanocrystals were synthesized in eight solvents that have different coordinating properties, trioctylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, oleylamine, hexadecylamine, dioctylamine, trioctylamine, and 1-octadecene at 230−300 °C. These nanocrystals exhibited high photoluminescence, which could be tuned over most of the visible region by changing the Se/S ratio or the solvent. The nanocrystals were characterized using UV−vis and IR spectroscopy, TEM, EDS, XRD, and NMR. 31P NMR and IR studies provided vital information about the nanocrystal surface capping ligands, indicating that those prepared in noncoordinating solvents were stabilized in solution mainly by oleic acid while those prepared in the coordinating solvents were stabilized mainly by solvent, phosphine and phosphine sulfide ligands, and some oleic acid. The hexagonal or cubic phase of these nanocrystals can be selectively prepared at temperatures as high as 300 °C by choosing the appropriate solvent.
First-Principles Modeling of Mixed Halide Organometal Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications (2013)

We computationally investigate organometal CH3NH3PbX3 and mixed halide CH3NH3PbI2X perovskites (X = Cl, Br, I), which are key materials for high efficiency solid-state solar cells. CH3NH3PbX3 perovskites exhibited the expected absorption blue shift along the I → Br → Cl series. The mixed halide systems surprisingly showed the CH3NH3PbI3 and the CH3NH3PbI2Cl (or CH3NH3PbI3–xClx) perovskites to have similar absorption onset at ∼800 nm wavelength, whereas CH3NH3PbI2Br absorbs light below ∼700 nm. To provide insight into the structural and electronic properties of these materials, in light of their application as solar cell active layers, we perform periodic DFT calculations on the CH3NH3PbX3 and CH3NH3PbI2X perovskites. We find a good agreement between the calculated band structures and the experimental trend of optical band gaps. For the mixed halide perovskites our calculations show the existence of two different types of structures with different electronic properties, whose relative stability varies by varying the X group. For these systems, the calculated formation energies decrease in the order I > Br > Cl, in line with the observed miscibility of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 compounds, while suggesting a comparatively smaller chlorine incorporation into CH3NH3Pb(I1–xClx)3 compounds. We also show that Cl atoms preferentially occupy the apical positions in the PbI4X2 octahedra, while Br atoms may occupy both apical and equatorial positions, consistent with reported lattice parameters. The interplay of the organic and inorganic components of the perovskites, possibly mediated by hydrogen bonding between the ammonium groups and the halides, seems to be the key to the observed structural variability.
Data-Parallel Sparse Factorization (1998)

Sparse matrix factorization is a computational bottleneck in many scientific and engineering problems. This paper examines the problem of factoring large sparse matrices on data-parallel computers. A multifrontal approach is presented in which only the fine-grain concurrency found within the elimination of each supernode is exploited. Throughput approaching that of large dense matrix factorizations is demonstrated on two data-parallel systems, the MasPar MP-2 and the Thinking Machines CM-5.
Design of a Specific Peptide Tag that Affords Covalent and Site-Specific Enzyme Immobilization Catalyzed by Microbial Transglutaminase (2005)

Transglutaminase-mediated site-specific and covalent immobilization of an enzyme to chemically modified agarose was explored. Using Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a model, two designed specific peptide tags containing a reactive lysine (Lys) residue with different length Gly-Ser linkers for microbial transglutaminase (MTG) were genetically attached to N- or C-termini. For solid support, agarose gel beads were chemically modified with beta-casein to display reactive glutamine (Gln) residues on the support surface. Recombinant APs were enzymatically and covalently immobilized to casein-grafted agarose beads. Immobilization by MTG markedly depended on either the position or the length of the peptide tags incorporated to AP, suggesting steric constraint upon enzymatic immobilization. Enzymatically immobilized AP showed comparable catalytic turnover (k(cat)) to the soluble counterpart and comparable operational stability with chemically immobilized AP. These results indicate that attachment of a suitable specific peptide tag to the right position of a target protein is crucial for MTG-mediated formulation of highly active immobilized proteins.
A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens. (1996)

This review suggests that phytoestrogens are among the dietary factors affording protection against cancer and heart disease in vegetarians. With this epidemiologic and cell line evidence, intervention studies are now an appropriate consideration to assess the clinical effects of phytoestrogens because of the potentially important health benefits associated with the consumption of foods containing these compounds.
International Tables of the Surface Tension of Water (1983)

This paper presents a table for the surface tension of water from 0.01 to 374 °C and an interpolating equation which represents the values in the table to well within their estimated uncertainties. The table of values and the interpolating equation are those recommended by the International Association for the Properties of Steam (IAPS) in its recent official release. The experimental measurements of the surface tension of water and their uncertainties are discussed, as is the development of the IAPS tables.
Human substance P receptor (NK-1): organization of the gene, chromosome localization and functional expression of cDNA clones (1991)

The gene for the human substance P receptor (NK-1) was cloned using cDNA probes made by the polymerase chain reaction from primers based on the rat sequence. The gene spans 45-60 kb and is contained in five exons, with introns interrupting at sites homologous to those in the NK-2 receptor gene. Analysis of restriction digests of genomic DNA from mouse/human cell hybrids indicates the NK-1 receptor is a single-copy gene located on human chromosome 2. Polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the 5' and 3' ends of the coding sequence was used to generate full-length cDNAs from human lung and from IM9 lymphoblast cells. When transfected into COS-7 cells, the NK-1 receptor binds 125I-BHSP with a Kd of 0.35 +/- 0.07 nM and mediates substance P induced phosphatidylinositol metabolism. The receptor is selective for substance P; the relative affinity for neurokinin A and neurokinin B is 100- and 500-fold lower, respectively. Human IM9 lymphoblast cells express relatively high levels of the NK-1 receptor, and Northern blot analysis indicates modulation of mRNA levels by glucocorticoids and growth factors, suggesting that this cell line may be useful as a model for studying the control of NK-1 receptor gene expression.
Variable partition duplexing for wireless communications (2002)

A scheme for almost doubling the capacity of wireless communication systems by speech activity detection is proposed. This scheme is called variable partition duplexing (VPD). The key observation is that in conversational speech, except for small overlaps, only one of the two parties is talking at any given time. VPD attempts to use this observation to advantage by dynamically varying the bandwidth assigned to the two parties in a TDMA (time division multiaccess) system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Model-driven therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders: reshaping brain rhythms with neuromodulation (2010)

Electric stimulation has been investigated for several decades to treat, with various degrees of success, a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Historically, the development of these methods has been largely empirical but has led to a remarkably efficient, yet invasive treatment: deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, the efficiency of DBS is limited by our lack of understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms and by the complex relationship existing between brain processing and behaviour. Biophysical modelling of brain activity, describing multi-scale spatio-temporal patterns of neuronal activity using a mathematical model and taking into account the physical properties of brain tissue, represents one way to fill this gap. In this review, we illustrate how biophysical modelling is beginning to emerge as a driving force orienting the development of innovative brain stimulation methods that may move DBS forward. We present examples of modelling works that have provided fruitful insights in regards to DBS underlying mechanisms, and others that also suggest potential improvements for this neurosurgical procedure. The reviewed literature emphasizes that biophysical modelling is a valuable tool to assist a rational development of electrical and/or magnetic brain stimulation methods tailored to both the disease and the patient's characteristics.
Allele-specific genome editing and correction of disease-associated phenotypes in rats using the CRISPR–Cas platform (2014)

The bacterial CRISPR/Cas system has proven to be an efficient gene-targeting tool in various organisms. Here we employ CRISPR/Cas for accurate and efficient genome editing in rats. The synthetic chimeric guide RNAs (gRNAs) discriminate a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference in rat embryonic fibroblasts, allowing allele-specific genome editing of the dominant phenotype in (F344 × DA)F1 hybrid embryos. Interestingly, the targeted allele, initially assessed by the allele-specific gRNA, is repaired by an interallelic gene conversion between homologous chromosomes. Using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides, we recover three recessive phenotypes: the albino phenotype by SNP exchange; the non-agouti phenotype by integration of a 19-bp DNA fragment; and the hooded phenotype by eliminating a 7,098-bp insertional DNA fragment, evolutionary-derived from an endogenous retrovirus. Successful in vivo application of the CRISPR/Cas system confirms its importance as a genetic engineering tool for creating animal models of human diseases and its potential use in gene therapy.
Quantitative Priming with Inactivated Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine in the Aerosol Challenge Model (2002)

Serum antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) have been shown to be protective against severe pertussis disease, although a specific level of anti-PT antibody that correlates with protection has not been demonstrated. Current animal models such as the intracerebral challenge model have significant limitations in correlating protection to a specific level of anti-PT antibody. This study examines the protective effects of priming with tetranitromethane-inactivated pertussis toxoid (PTx) vaccine in the aerosol challenge model and whether a measurable response to a priming dose of PTx is enough to initiate a protective secondary response when challenged with infection. The correlation of priming with markers of illness such as leukocytosis, weight loss, bacterial proliferation, and mortality after established infection with Bordetella pertussis was explored. BALB/c mice were immunized with PTx vaccine on day 6 of life and then challenged with B. pertussis using the aerosol challenge model. Data were analyzed according to the primary immunologic response, differentiating responders (anti-PT immunoglobulin G [IgG] > or =1 microg/ml) from nonresponders (anti-PT IgG <1 microg/ml). Mice that showed evidence of priming on the day of aerosol challenge were able to mount a secondary response to the challenge with a > or =2-fold rise in anti-PT IgG antibody by day 7 and a > or =10-fold rise by day 14 post-aerosol challenge. These primed mice were significantly better protected against leukocytosis, weight loss, and proliferation of B. pertussis in the lungs following aerosol challenge than the nonprimed group. This protection correlated with levels of anti-PT antibody in serum present on the day of aerosol challenge.
Jointly Modeling Embedding and Translation to Bridge Video and Language (2016)

Automatically describing video content with natural language is a fundamental challenge of computer vision. Re-current Neural Networks (RNNs), which models sequence dynamics, has attracted increasing attention on visual interpretation. However, most existing approaches generate a word locally with the given previous words and the visual content, while the relationship between sentence semantics and visual content is not holistically exploited. As a result, the generated sentences may be contextually correct but the semantics (e.g., subjects, verbs or objects) are not true. This paper presents a novel unified framework, named Long Short-Term Memory with visual-semantic Embedding (LSTM-E), which can simultaneously explore the learning of LSTM and visual-semantic embedding. The former aims to locally maximize the probability of generating the next word given previous words and visual content, while the latter is to create a visual-semantic embedding space for enforcing the relationship between the semantics of the entire sentence and visual content. The experiments on YouTube2Text dataset show that our proposed LSTM-E achieves to-date the best published performance in generating natural sentences: 45.3% and 31.0% in terms of BLEU@4 and METEOR, respectively. Superior performances are also reported on two movie description datasets (M-VAD and MPII-MD). In addition, we demonstrate that LSTM-E outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques in predicting Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) triplets.
Screening the Biosphere: The Fungicolous Fungus Trichoderma phellinicola, a Prolific Source of Hypophellins, New 17‐, 18‐, 19‐, and 20‐Residue Peptaibiotics (2013)

To investigate the significance of antibiotics for the producing organism(s) in the natural habitat, we screened a specimen of the fungicolous fungus Trichoderma phellinicola (syn. Hypocrea phellinicola) growing on its natural host Phellinus ferruginosus. Results revealed that a particular group of non-ribosomal antibiotic polypeptides, peptaibiotics, which contain the non-proteinogenic marker amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, was biosynthesized in the natural habitat by the fungicolous producer and, consequently, released into the host. By means of liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we detected ten 20-residue peptaibols in the specimen. Sequences of peptaibiotics found in vivo were independently confirmed by analyzing the peptaibiome of an agar plate culture of T. phellinicola CBS 119283 (ex-type) grown under laboratory conditions. Notably, this strain could be identified as a potent producer of 39 new 17-, 18-, and 19-residue peptaibiotics, which display the same building scheme as the 20-residue peptaibols found in the specimen. Two of the 19-residue peptaibols are tentatively assigned to carry tyrosinol, a novel C-terminal residue, as deduced from high-resolution tandem mass-spectrometry data. For the new peptaibiotics produced by T. phellinicola, the name 'hypophellin(s)', based on the teleomorph name, is introduced.
A 0.2- mu m contact filling by 450 degrees C-hydrazine-reduced TiN film with low resistivity (1992)

Because of the poor step coverage of TiN film by sputter and plasma CVD, the blanket-W for contact plug can not be used beyond 256 Mbit DRAMs. Although a thermal LPCVD-TiN using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl/sub 4/)-ammonia (NH/sub 3/) realizes a conformal deposition, the deposition temperature is too high for devices use (>7000 degrees C). We have developed, for the first time, methylhydrazine (MH) reduced TiN-CVD and succeeded in realizing a low-temperature (<500 degrees C) TiN film with a low chlorine (Cl) concentration that can fill a 0.2 mu m contact hole. A commercial single-wafer LPCVD reactor was used in these experiments. The TiCl/sub 4/-MH reaction proves the capability of low-temperature, low-resistivity, and no-damage contact metallization. The 0.2 mu m contact filling opens the way for the multilevel interconnection of giga-bit devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Stereoregular Oligodeoxyribonucleoside Phosphorothioates Using Bicyclic Oxazaphospholidine Derivatives as Monomer Units (2008)

Nucleoside 3'-O-bicylic oxazaphospholidine derivatives were designed as monomer units for a solid-phase synthesis of stereoregular oligodeoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates (PS-ODNs). The trans-isomers of appropriately designed nucleoside 3'-O-bicyclic oxazaphospholidine derivatives were generated exclusively by the reaction between the 3'-OH of the corresponding protected nucleosides and 2-chloro-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine derivatives. The resultant trans-oxazaphospholidine isomers were configurationally stable, and their diastereopurity was not impaired by epimerization in the presence of an acidic activator during the condensation on a solid support. As a result, the formation of both (Rp)- and (Sp)-phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages by using the oxazaphospholidine monomers and the acidic activator proceeded without any loss of diastereopurity (diastereoselectivity > or = 99:1). In addition, ab initio molecular orbital calculations showed that the epimerization of oxazaphospholidine derivatives was most likely to proceed via an edge inversion process that was accelerated by N-protonation. The calculations rationalized not only the relations between the ring structure and the configurational stability of the oxazaphospholidines observed in this study but also the observations reported in the literature that the inversion of tricoordinated organophosphorus compounds were accelerated by acids or nucleophiles.
Berichtigung: Pseudohalide‐Induced Moisture‐Tolerance in Perovskite CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I Thin Films (2015)

Nach weiterer Prüfung der in dieser Zuschrift veröffentlichten XRD-Daten der Pb(SCN)2- und PbI2-Pulver sind die Autoren veranlasst, folgende zwei Korrekturen vorzunehmen: 1) Das korrekte Pulver-XRD von Pb(SCN)2 ist unten gezeigt und ersetzt das entsprechende XRD-Muster von Pb(SCN)2 in Figure 2 der Zuschrift. 1 2) Das korrekte Pulver-XRD von PbI2 ist unten gezeigt und ersetzt das entsprechende XRD-Muster von “Pure PbI2” (die blaue Kurve) in Figure S2a in den Hintergrundinformationen der Zuschrift.1
Static corrections—a review, Part III (1993)

Residual statics. The application of elevation statics, or field statics, or field statics followed by refraction statics never leaves the seismic data completely free of static anomalies. These “residual” static anomalies are due to unaccounted for variations in the low velocity layer. No matter how well the deterministic technique may derive velocities and thicknesses of the near surface, it leaves something to be desired.
Reducing web latency (2013)

To serve users quickly, Web service providers build infrastructure closer to clients and use multi-stage transport connections. Although these changes reduce client-perceived round-trip times, TCP's current mechanisms fundamentally limit latency improvements. We performed a measurement study of a large Web service provider and found that, while connections with no loss complete close to the ideal latency of one round-trip time, TCP's timeout-driven recovery causes transfers with loss to take five times longer on average.
Cerebrovascular permeability to azo dyes and plasma proteins in rodents of different ages (1993)

The often quoted investigation by Behnsen [4] provides some evidence for an increased permeability of the neonatal mouse blood-brain barrier (BBB) to trypan blue compared to the adult. Trypan blue, which circulates in plasma mainly bound to albumin, is commonly used as a macromolecular tracer, although Behnsen probably injected dyes in amounts exceeding the dye-binding capacity of plasma proteins. The cerebrovascular permeability in neonatal and adult mice and rats was investigated using the visual tracers trypan blue and Evans blue and immunocytochemical staining for endogenous plasma proteins. By administering different concentrations of the dyes, the permeability of the BBB was assessed. The presence of the dyes in plasma as either dye-protein complexes or as free dye was measured by a plasma protein binding assay. When dyes occurred in plasma as macromolecular dye-protein complexes, dyes and plasma proteins were restricted to CNS regions normally devoid of a BBB in both neonates and adults. When unbound (free) dyes occurred in plasma, dyes were observed intraneuronally in regions without projections beyond the BBB in both neonates and adults corresponding to that observed by Behnsen; intraneuronal accumulation of plasma proteins also occurred in regions with projections confined to the BBB but only in neonates. It is concluded that the BBB to macromolecular tracers is fully developed at birth in mouse and rats. However, when free dye is present in plasma, there is a differential permeability to plasma proteins between neonates and adults.
Mechanism of Partial Agonism at NMDA Receptors for a Conformationally Restricted Glutamate Analog (2005)

The NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptor is ubiquitous in mammalian central neurons. Because partial agonists bind to the same site as glutamate but induce less channel activation, these compounds provide an opportunity to probe the mechanism of activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrate that the partial agonist homoquinolinate interacts differently with binding pocket residues than glutamate. Homoquinolinate and glutamate induce distinct changes in the binding pocket, and the binding pocket exhibits significantly more motion with homoquinolinate bound than with glutamate. Patch-clamp recording demonstrates that single-channel activity induced by glutamate or by homoquinolinate has identical single-channel current amplitude and mean open-channel duration but that homoquinolinate slows activation of channel opening relative to glutamate. We hypothesize that agonist-induced conformational changes in the binding pocket control the efficacy of a subunit-specific activation step that precedes the concerted global change in the receptor-channel complex associated with ion channel opening.
Deletion of the Escherichia coli crp Gene (1975)

Spontaneous crp mutants Escherichia coli were selected from a strain that does not require 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate for CAP activity. Several deletions of the crp gene were characterized. The crp gene was not essential for growth of E. coli. crp mutations reduced the donor ability of Hfr strains.
X-band directive single microstrip patch antenna using dielectric parasite (1992)

A new method to enhance the gain of a single microstrip patch antenna using spaced superstates as a dielectric parasite is presented. The experimental results of radiation pattern using alumina parasites with different thicknesses and spacings are given. The minimum beamwidth obtainable with a single patch using present studies is only 18° with symmetric lobes in the H and E planes. This simple method can also be used to vary the beamwidth of the patch between 18 and 125° with proper choice of parasite parameters.