gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precise Subnanometer Plasmonic Junctions for SERS within Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies Using Cucurbit[n]uril “Glue” (2011)

Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) are macrocyclic host molecules with subnanometer dimensions capable of binding to gold surfaces. Aggregation of gold nanoparticles with CB[n] produces a repeatable, fixed, and rigid interparticle separation of 0.9 nm, and thus such assemblies possess distinct and exquisitely sensitive plasmonics. Understanding the plasmonic evolution is key to their use as powerful SERS substrates. Furthermore, this unique spatial control permits fast nanoscale probing of the plasmonics of the aggregates "glued" together by CBs within different kinetic regimes using simultaneous extinction and SERS measurements. The kinetic rates determine the topology of the aggregates including the constituent structural motifs and allow the identification of discrete plasmon modes which are attributed to disordered chains of increasing lengths by theoretical simulations. The CBs directly report the near-field strength of the nanojunctions they create via their own SERS, allowing calibration of the enhancement. Owing to the unique barrel-shaped geometry of CB[n] and their ability to bind "guest" molecules, the aggregates afford a new type of in situ self-calibrated and reliable SERS substrate where molecules can be selectively trapped by the CB[n] and exposed to the nanojunction plasmonic field. Using this concept, a powerful molecular-recognition-based SERS assay is demonstrated by selective cucurbit[n]uril host-guest complexation.
Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: The balance of benefit and risk (1994)

Although the generation of reactive oxygen species is an activity normally associated with phagocytic leucocytes, mammalian spermatozoa were, in fact, the first cell type in which this activity was described. In recent years it has become apparent that spermatozoa are not the only nonphagocytic cells to exhibit a capacity for reactive oxygen species production, because this activity has been detected in a wide variety of different cells including fibroblasts, mesangial cells, oocytes, Leydig cells, endothelial cells, thyroid cells, adipocytes, tumour cells and platelets. Since the capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is apparently so widespread, the risk-benefit equation for these potentially pernicious molecules becomes a matter of intense interest. In the case of human spermatozoa, the risk of manufacturing reactive oxygen metabolites is considerable because these cells are particularly vulnerable to lipid peroxidation. Indeed, there is now good evidence to indicate that oxygen radicals are involved in the initiation of peroxidative damage to the sperm plasma membrane, seen in many cases of male infertility. This risk is off-set by recent data suggesting that superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide also participate in the induction of key biological events such as hyperactivated motility and the acrosome reaction. Thus, human spermatozoa appear to use reactive oxygen species for a physiological purpose and have the difficult task of ensuring the balanced generation of these potentially harmful, but biologically important, modulators of cellular function.
Radiolabeling of Fibrinogen Using the Iodogen Technique (1981)

The properties of human fibrinogen labeled with 125-Iodine using Iodogen (1, 3, 4, 6-tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril) as an oxidizing agent were compared with those of an iodine monochloride labeled counterpart. It was found that thrombin clottability, binding to staphylococci, the relative specific radioactivity of the A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains and in vivo clearance from plasma in rabbits were the same in these two labeled fibrinogen preparations. Labeling efficiency was higher when iodogen was used. It is concluded that human fibrinogen labeled with radioiodine using the Iodogen technique is suitable for studies in vitro and in vivo.
New Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs: Strategies, Sources and New Molecules (2009)

Tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. Although treatment regimens currently available can cure almost all tuberculosis drug susceptible cases, problems such as the length of treatment, the need for multidrug therapy, the emergence of drug resistance, HIV co-infection and persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, stress the need for new anti-tuberculosis drugs. Strategies to search for new anti-tuberculosis drugs involve: screening libraries of small molecules and natural products or the previous identification of targets crucial to the microorganism and the subsequent design of new molecules. Development of new drugs from known compounds having already shown safety and efficacy is an attractive strategy from the economical, pharmaceutical and clinical point of view. Several derivatives of known molecules and new compounds with different targets have been studied with promising preliminary results. Anti-tuberculosis compounds from natural sources have an enormous potential for the development of new drugs, which have shown not only antimicrobial activity per se but also inhibition of the mechanism of resistance (e.g. efflux pumps) or modulation of the immune response (e.g. macrophage stimulation). If these new drugs are going to have an impact in the treatment of the disease they should ideally be active not only against multiplying microorganisms but also against persistent or dormant bacilli. Due to the complexity of the pathology of M. tuberculosis it is unlikely that a single new drug will be enough. This review will discuss strategies for evaluating drug candidates, new targets, new compounds obtained from synthesis and natural sources, and clinical trials that are currently in progress.
Synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 5-aminopyrimidine-6-carboxylic acids derivatives part I. (1976)

5-Benzoyloaminoorotic acid in a reaction with POCl3 forms 2,4-dichloro-5-benzylo-aminopyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid lactam 3, which heated with aliphatic and aromatic amines gives corresponding amides 6-11. These compounds don't show any antiinflammatory or antivirus activity.
The Role of the Individual Domains in the Structure and Function of the Catalytic Region of a Modular Serine Protease, C1r (2001)

The first enzymatic event in the classical pathway of complement activation is autoactivation of the C1r subcomponent of the C1 complex. Activated C1r then cleaves and activates zymogen C1s. C1r is a multidomain serine protease consisting of N-terminal alpha region interacting with other subcomponents and C-terminal gammaB region mediating proteolytic activity. The gammaB region consists of two complement control protein modules (CCP1, CCP2) and a serine protease domain (SP). To clarify the role of the individual domains in the structural and functional properties of the gammaB region we produced the CCP1-CCP2-SP (gammaB), the CCP2-SP, and the SP fragments in recombinant form in Escherichia coli. We successfully renatured the inclusion body proteins. After renaturation all three fragments were obtained in activated form and showed esterolytic activity on synthetic substrates similar to each other. To study the self-activation process in detail zymogen mutant forms of the three fragments were constructed and expressed. Our major statement is that the ability of autoactivation and C1s cleavage is an inherent property of the SP domain. We observed that the CCP2 module significantly increases proteolytic activity of the SP domain on natural substrate, C1s. Therefore, we propose that CCP2 module provides accessory binding sites. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements demonstrated that CCP2 domain greatly stabilizes the structure of SP domain. Deletion of CCP1 domain from the CCP1-CCP2-SP fragment results in the loss of the dimeric structure. Our experiments also provided evidence that dimerization of C1r is not a prerequisite for autoactivation.
Assessment of a new hyaluronic acid filler. double-blind, randomized, comparative study between Puragen and Captique in the treatment of nasolabial folds. (2007)

Fillers represent a field of aesthetic medicine under remarkable expansion. Over the past few years, in the USA, there has been a huge increase in the use of fillers, especially for hyaluronic acid (400% in 2004). The causes of this increase have been the greater tolerability of this reabsorbable filler with respect to the others, and its prolonged efficacy in time due to chemical modifications of its molecular structure. In our study, we report the results of a double-blind comparative study between Puragen (latest-generation hyaluronic acid with double cross-linking) and Captique (second generation hyaluronic acid with single cross-linking), in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Each patient received Puragen in one nasolabial fold and Captique in the contralateral fold, at random. Clinical efficacy was assessed independently by the investigator and the patient 2, 4 and 6 months after baseline or when the optimal cosmetic result was obtained. The tolerability assessment was made by the patient (using a daily diary to record any adverse events) for 2 weeks after each treatment, and by the operator 2, 4, and 6 months after baseline. Sixty-eight patients completed follow up at 6 months. From the results obtained in this study, Puragen remained stably in the treated tissues even after 6 months while less satisfactory results were obtained with Captique.
A humanized microbiota mouse model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation (2016)

There is increasing evidence for a role of early life gut microbiota in later development of asthma in children. In our recent study, children with reduced abundance of the bacterial genera Lachnospira, Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, and Rothia had an increased risk of development of asthma and addition of these bacteria in a humanized mouse model reduced airway inflammation. In this Addendum, we provide additional data on the use of a humanized gut microbiota mouse model to study the development of asthma in children, highlighting the differences in immune development between germ-free mice colonized with human microbes compared to those colonized with mouse gut microbiota. We also demonstrate that there is no association between the composition of the gut microbiota in older children and the diagnosis of asthma, further suggesting the importance of the gut microbiota-immune system axis in the first 3 months of life.
Main characteristics of a Brayton refrigeration cycle of paramagnetic salt (1994)

The characteristics of a magnetic Brayton refrigeration cycle are investigated on the basis of the general equation of state of a simple paramagnetic salt. The refrigeration heat and the coefficient of performance of the magnetic Brayton refrigeration cycle are derived, and the effect of regeneration on the performance is discussed. It is expounded that the magnetic Brayton refrigeration cycle possesses both advantages of the magnetic Ericsson and the magnetic Carnot refrigeration cycles.
Alveolar deposition of inhaled particles in humans (1982)

Total deposition data were used to estimate the efficiency of the alveolar region of the human respiratory tract to collect aerosol particles. When inspired at a flow rate of 250 cm3s-1 (1000 cm3s-1) through the mouth particles of 2.6 micrometers (1.7 micrometer) aerodynamic diameter are the largest particles which pass through the extrathoracic and bronchial region without being deposited. They are deposited in the alveolar region only.
Nanogels and microgels: The new polymeric materials playground (1998)

Abstract
An active approach to characterizing dynamic dependencies for problem determination in a distributed environment (2002)

We describe a methodology for identifying and characterizing dynamic dependencies between system components in distributed application environments such as e-commerce systems. The methodology relies on active perturbation of the system to identify dependencies and the use of statistical modeling to compute dependency strengths. Unlike more traditional passive techniques, our active approach requires little initial knowledge of the implementation details of the system and has the potential to provide greater coverage and more direct evidence of causality for the dependencies it identifies. We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by applying it to a prototypical e-commerce system based on the TPC-W Web commerce benchmark, for which the active approach correctly identifies and characterizes 41 of 42 true dependencies out of a potential space of 140 dependencies. Finally, we consider how the dependencies computed by our approach can be used to simplify and guide the task of root-cause analysis, an important part of problem determination.
High Levels of B-Cell Activating Factor During the Peri-Transplant Period Are Associated with the Reduced Incidence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following the Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2229 Poster Board II-206 To determine whether serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) levels that were previously found to be elevated in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels known as a predictor for aGVHD as well as a marker for systemic inflammation during the peri-allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) period, could be used to predict the occurrence of acute GVHD (aGVHD), 45 consecutive patients who had undergone myeloablative allogeneic SCT for hematologic malignancies were assessed. Serum BAFF and CRP levels were measured using ELISA (R&amp;D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) before conditioning and on day 0, day +7, and day +14 after transplant. Thirty-three of 45 patients (cumulative incidence, 73=) developed aGVHD between 16 days and 98 days after transplant. Analyses using repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that the serum BAFF levels were significantly lower in patients with aGVHD than in those without aGVHD (P=0.001), whereas no association was detected between CRP levels and aGVHD (P=0.508). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that serum BAFF levels at every time point were available for the prediction of development of aGVHD (pre-conditioning; P=0.005, day 0; P=0.002, day +7; P=0.004, and day +14; P=0.005). Using ROC curve analysis, the identical cutoff value of 43 pg/ml at every time point that divides patients into two groups, high (&gt; 43 pg/ml) or low (≤ 43 pg/ml) BAFF group, was determined, which could assure 75= sensitivity and 73-82= specificity for the prediction of aGVHD at every time point. The analyses of the cumulative incidence of aGVHD at each time point by BAFF groups (high vs. low) showed that serum BAFF level at every time point plays a significant predictive role for the occurrence of aGVHD (pre-conditioning; P=0.040, day 0; P=0.023, day +7; P=0.003, and day +14; P=0.026). This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to show that high serum BAFF levels during the peri-transplant period may play a protective role against aGVHD in humans. The results of this study also show that the BAFF levels during peri-transplant period may be considered to be a predictor for aGVHD. Further trials with a larger cohort will be necessary to determine a definite cutoff value of high BAFF level as well as to construct an index with previously known factors for the prediction of aGVHD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Afscheiden van fijne deeltjes uit gassen : roterende deeltjesscheider Nederlandse vinding (1995)

Amounts exceeding 100 ppm of extra dietary iron as the ferric salts of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (FeE) or nitrilotri-acetic acid (FeN) produced highly significant increases in survival among chicks infected with 10(6.4) living Salmonella gallinarum strain 9. Additional dietary iron (400 ppm) as the sulphate or chloride salts (or as ferric fructose) lacked activity comparable with FeE or FeN except when 0.2 per cent of NaE was also present in the diet. FeE iron (600 ppm) also diminished the severity of several of the pathological reactions which occur in chicks during the acute stage of experimental fowl typhoid. The enhanced survival and decreased severity of the pathological changes in infected chicks were associated with large reductions in the numbers of viable salmonellae in the spleen at the height of the acute infection.
Biosynthesis of 1,2‐dieicosapentaenoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine in Caenorhabditis elegans (1999)

Previously, we showed that lowering the growth temperature increased the level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) of Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we investigated the molecular species composition of PtdCho of C. elegans, with an emphasis on EPA-containing species. C. elegans contained a substantial amount of 1,2-dipolyunsaturated fatty acid-containing PtdCho (1,2-diPUFA-PtdCho) species, such as arachidonic acid/EPA and EPA/EPA, which are unusual phospholipids in higher animals. The EPA/EPA-PtdCho content was significantly increased in C. elegans grown at a low temperature. To examine the possibility that the acyltransferase activity involved in the remodeling of phospholipids accounts for the production of 1,2-diPUFA-PtdCho, we investigated the substrate specificity of this enzyme in C. elegans and found that it did not exhibit a preference for saturated fatty acid for acylation to the sn-1 position of PtdCho. The efficacy of the esterification of EPA to the sn-1 position was almost equal to that of stearic acid. The lack of preference for a saturated fatty acid for acylation to the sn-1 position of PtdCho is thought to result in the existence of the unusual 1,2-diEPA-PtdCho in C. elegans.
Catalytic Approach for the Formation of Optically Active Allyl α-Amino Acids by Addition of Allylic Metal Compounds to α-Imino Esters (1999)

A new catalytic enantioselective approach for the formation of allyl alpha-amino acid derivatives by reaction of N-tosyl alpha-imino esters with allyl stannanes and silanes catalyzed by chiral copper(I) complexes has been developed. A series of different BINAP and phosphine-oxazoline (P,N) ligands have, in combination with various Lewis acids, been tested as chiral catalysts for allylation of N-tosyl alpha-imino esters. It has been found that both type of ligands, in combination with copper(I) salts, give highly valuable unsaturated alpha-amino acid derivatives. The reaction has been investigated for different allyl stannanes and silanes, and it has been found that tri-n-butyl allyl stannane gives the best results of the simple allyl compounds tested, leading to gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid derivatives in up to 94% yield and with up to 83% ee, which can be improved to be >95% ee by recrystallization. The reaction has also been investigated using different acyclic and cyclic allyl stannanes leading to various types of unsaturated alpha-amino acid derivatives in very high yield (up to 95%) and with up to 98% ee. The stereochemistry and absolute configurations of the allyl alpha-amino acid derivatives have been determined by X-ray analysis, and it is suggested that the reaction takes place as an ene-like reaction.
Semiconducting (Conjugated) Polymers as Materials for Solid-State Lasers (2000)

Light-emissive polymers are outstanding laser materials because they are intrinsically “4-level” systems, they have luminescence efficiencies higher than 60 % even in undiluted films, they emit at colors that span the visible spectrum, and they can be processed into optical quality films by spin casting. The important materials issues are reviewed and the prospects for making polymer diode lasers are discussed.
Network applications of cascaded passive code translation for WDM-compatible spectrally phase-encoded optical CDMA (2005)

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) due to its potential for offering increased levels of security at ultrahigh data rates as well as for simplifying key networking functions, such as replacing (active) wavelength translation with cascaded passive all-optical code translation (CT). Much of the research done in this area has focused on homogeneous OCDMA networking, where it is assumed that the fiber bandwidth is used only for OCDMA signals. In contrast to other proposed OCDMA systems, we have developed a novel narrowband (NB) spectrally phase-encoded (SPE) OCDMA that is compatible with existing transparent reconfigurable dense-WDM (DWDM) networks and has high spectral efficiency. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of multistage CT in the proposed WDM-compatible SPE OCDMA system, and we also describe how cascaded CTs can play a central role in ring- and star-network architectures. Specifically, we describe a star-network architecture in which both unicast and multicast interconnections among ends are passively "routed" by means of such cascaded CTs, a ring-network architecture in which CT and fast optical switching enable a code-based equivalent to add/drop wavelength multiplexing, and a shared code-scrambling application for increased signal obscurity.
miRNP:mRNA association in polyribosomes in a human neuronal cell line (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that control gene expression by base-pairing with their mRNA targets. miRNAs assemble into ribonucleoprotein complexes termed miRNPs. Animal miRNAs recognize their mRNA targets via partial antisense complementarity and repress mRNA translation at a step after translation initiation. How animal miRNAs recognize their mRNA targets and how they control their translation is unknown. Here we describe that in a human neuronal cell line, the miRNP proteins eIF2C2 (a member of the Argonaute family of proteins), Gemin3, and Gemin4 along with miRNAs cosediment with polyribosomes. Furthermore, we describe a physical association between a let-7b (miRNA)-containing miRNP and its putative human mRNA target in polyribosome-containing fractions. These findings suggest that miRNP proteins may play important roles in target mRNA recognition and translational repression.
Characterization ofpost mortemarterial tissue using time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy at 436, 461 and 532 nm (1997)

Time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy has been used to characterize post mortem arterial tissue for the purpose of discriminating between normal and atheromatous areas of tissue. Ultrasonic thermoelastic waves were generated in post mortem human aorta by the absorption of nanosecond laser pulses at 436, 461 and 532 nm produced by a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a gas filled Raman cell. A PVDF membrane hydrophone was used to detect the thermoelastic waves. At 436 nm, differences in the photoacoustic signatures of normal tissue and atherorma were found to be highly variable. At 461 nm, there was a clear and reproducible difference between the photacoustic response of atheroma and normal tissue as a result of increased optical attenuation in atheroma. At 532 nm, the generation of subsurface thermoelastic waves provided a means of determining the structure and thickness of the tissue sample. It is suggested that pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy at 461 and 532 nm may find application in characterizing arterial tissue in situ by providing information about both the composition and thickness of the vessel wall.
"Dopamine System Stabilizers, Aripiprazole, and the Next Generation of Antipsychotics, Part 1: "Goldilocks" Actions at Dopamine Receptors (2001)

Dopamine system stabilizers are a potential new class of antipsychotic agents without motor side effects. All known effective antipsychotics act at D2 receptors. A novel concept for an antipsychotic without motor side effects is to stabilize these receptors rather than block them harshly.
Characterization of the “Red Zone” of Knee Meniscus: MR Imaging and Histologic Correlation (2000)

The wedge-shaped low-signal-intensity structure seen on MR images represents the entire meniscus. Intravenous injection of contrast material does not appear to be useful for differentiation of the vascularized from the nonvascularized zone of the meniscus.