gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm treated with botulinum toxin injection. (1992)

Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm from the Movement Disorder Clinic, at Siriraj Hospital have been treated with botulinum toxin injection since January 1989 as a collaborating research project with Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco. Each patient received 30 units in four injection sites over the hyperkinetic facial muscles. There were 169 female and 81 male patients, the sex ratio of female to male was 2.1:1. The mean age of all patients was 50.2 +/- 12.6 years with the range of 22 to 78 years. The majority of patients had been suffering for 3-10 years. The results of botulinum toxin injection were classified as excellent in 81.2 per cent, moderate improvement 10.0 per cent, mild improvement 6.8 per cent and no improvement or worse in 2.0 per cent. There were complications of mild transient facial weakness in 44 patients (17.6%) mild ptosis in 7 patients (2.8%) and excessive lacrimation in 1 patient (0.4%). The effect of botulinum toxin treatment lasted for 3-6 months duration. Botulinum toxin injection is a simple and effective out-patient treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm with no systemic side effects and minor transient local complications.
Tungsten(VI) neopentylidyne complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTungsten(VI) neopentylidyne complexesR. R. Schrock, D. N. Clark, J. Sancho, J. H. Wengrovius, S. M. Rocklage, and S. F. PedersenCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 12, 1645–1651Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00072a018https://doi.org/10.1021/om00072a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1992Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in wound healing: topical negative pressure therapy (2005)

In clinical practice many wounds are slow to heal and difficult to manage. The recently introduced technique of topical negative pressure therapy (TNP) has been developed to try to overcome some of these difficulties. TNP applies a controlled negative pressure to the surface of a wound that has potential advantages for wound treatment and management. Although the concept itself, of using suction in wound management is not new, the technique of applying a negative pressure at the surface of the wound is. This paper explores the origins and proposed mechanisms of action of TNP therapy and discusses the types of wounds that are thought to benefit most from use of this system.
Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Human Apolipoprotein CIII Gene and the Intergenic Region between the Apo AI and Apo CIII Genes (1984)

We have isolated and characterized the gene for human apolipoprotein CIII, a major component of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Determination of the complete DNA sequence of this gene revealed that the coding sequence is interrupted by three introns, which occur in the 5' noncoding region, in the region encoding the signal sequence and in the region coding for the mature plasma protein, respectively. We present an analysis of the structure of the apo CIII gene and compare it to the gene for apolipoprotein AI. In addition, we present the DNA sequence of the intergenic region lying between the apo AI and the apo CIII genes.
Using a diagnostic tool to identify elevated protease activity levels in chronic and stalled wounds: a consensus panel discussion. (2011)

﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿Care of chronic and stalled wounds is hampered by the lack of diagnostic tools to help direct clinicians to specific treatments or diagnose specific conditions. Studies have shown a correlation between high protease levels and nonhealing wounds; a diagnostic protease test is under development. Seven wound care experts (two podiatrists, two vascular surgeons, a physician expert in hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a physical therapist with a specialty in home health, and a registered nurse) met to reach consensus on several aspects about a point-of-care protease test. They agreed that although disease states interfere with wound healing, such states do not automatically mean that wound healing will be impaired or that the wound becomes stalled after inception; and that patient comorbidities, patient factors, patient medications, and the microenvironment of the wound all affect the risk of nonhealing. They also agreed that: 1) appropriate protease activity was important in healing, 2) measuring just one individual protease would be unlikely to be representative of the proteolytic environment of the wound, 3) no diagnostic or theranostic tests to detect high protease activity levels in a wound is currently available, and 4) the development of a simple, widely available protease diagnostic test could dramatically change the provision of care, especially in outpatient settings. If subsequent research confirms that high protease activity levels delay healing, confirmation that a stalled wound has high protease activity levels could better target protease-modulating therapies and improve outcomes. Extensive validation of a protease test will be necessary from proof-of-concept pilot studies to controlled clinical trials to demonstrate that use of the test improves outcomes of care.
Buffer exchange using size exclusion chromatography, countercurrent dialysis, and tangential flow filtration: Models, development, and industrial application (1995)

There are three major methods for buffer exchange of proteins at industrial scale: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), tangential flow filtration (TFF), and countercurrent dialysis (CCD). In order to determine the optimal technology for a given process, a study was done to compare these technologies on a technological and economic basis. This comparison required that new mathematical models be developed which enable the common features of each unit operation to be directly compared. The new concept of a diavolume equivalent for SEC, defined as the inverse of the fractional loading, was also introduced to aid in this comparison. Variables that were examined for each unit operation included range of buffer exchange, dilution of protein solution, yield, buffer requirements, total operating time, throughput, plant space, capital, raw materials, and labor costs. It was found that TFF and CCD have a greater range of buffer exchange than SEC. TFF also provides the advantage that concentration of the protein can readily be accomplished in the same step. For processes of equal batch size and yield, TFF and CCD also provide a two- to five- fold improvement in each of the remaining variables. The major economic advantage in using TFF and CCD over SEC is the decreased plant size required for manufacturing and thus the longer term use of existing facilities. Situations where SEC (or CCD) would be favored over TFF are when protein denaturation occurs in TFF but does not occur in SEC. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Are KRAS/BRAF Mutations Potent Prognostic and/or Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancers? (2012)

KRAS and BRAF mutations lead to the constitutive activation of EGFR signaling through the oncogenic Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway. Currently, KRAS is the only potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a recent report suggested that the use of cetuximab was associated with survival benefit among patients with p.G13D-mutated tumors. Furthermore, although the presence of mutated BRAF is one of the most powerful prognostic factors for advanced and recurrent CRC, it remains unknown whether patients with BRAF-mutated tumors experience a survival benefit from treatment with anti-EGFR mAb. Thus, the prognostic or predictive relevance of the KRAS and BRAF genotype in CRC remains controversial despite several investigations. Routine KRAS/BRAF screening of pathological specimens is required to promote the appropriate clinical use of anti-EGFR mAb and to determine malignant phenotypes in CRC. The significance of KRAS/BRAF mutations as predictive or prognostic biomarkers should be taken into consideration when selecting a KRAS/BRAF screening assay. This article will review the spectrum of KRAS/BRAF genotype and the impact of KRAS/BRAF mutations on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with CRC, particularly when differentiating between the mutations at KRAS codons 12 and 13. Furthermore, the predictive role of KRAS/BRAF mutations in treatments with anti-EGFR mAb will be verified, focusing on KRAS p.G13D and BRAF mutations.
CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein (1990)

Leukocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at nanogram per milliliter concentrations with secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Excess secretion of TNF-alpha causes endotoxic shock, an often fatal complication of infection. LPS in the bloodstream rapidly binds to the serum protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and cellular responses to physiological levels of LPS are dependent on LBP. CD14, a differentiation antigen of monocytes, was found to bind complexes of LPS and LBP, and blockade of CD14 with monoclonal antibodies prevented synthesis of TNF-alpha by whole blood incubated with LPS. Thus, LPS may induce responses by interacting with a soluble binding protein in serum that then binds the cell surface protein CD14.
Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (2016)

Underwater wireless information transfer is of great interest to the military, industry, and the scientific community, as it plays an important role in tactical surveillance, pollution monitoring, oil control and maintenance, offshore explorations, climate change monitoring, and oceanography research. In order to facilitate all these activities, there is an increase in the number of unmanned vehicles or devices deployed underwater, which require high bandwidth and high capacity for information transfer underwater. Although tremendous progress has been made in the field of acoustic communication underwater, however, it is limited by bandwidth. All this has led to the proliferation of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC), as it provides higher data rates than the traditional acoustic communication systems with significantly lower power consumption and simpler computational complexities for short-range wireless links. UOWC has many potential applications ranging from deep oceans to coastal waters. However, the biggest challenge for underwater wireless communication originates from the fundamental characteristics of ocean or sea water; addressing these challenges requires a thorough understanding of complex physio-chemical biological systems. In this paper, the main focus is to understand the feasibility and the reliability of high data rate underwater optical links due to various propagation phenomena that impact the performance of the system. This paper provides an exhaustive overview of recent advances in UOWC. Channel characterization, modulation schemes, coding techniques, and various sources of noise which are specific to UOWC are discussed. This paper not only provides exhaustive research in underwater optical communication but also aims to provide the development of new ideas that would help in the growth of future underwater communication. A hybrid approach to an acousto-optic communication system is presented that complements the existing acoustic system, resulting in high data rates, low latency, and an energy-efficient system.
A Novel Mouse Model of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Initiated in Pax3-Expressing Cells (2016)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and incurable brain tumor that arises predominately in children and involves the pons, a structure that along with the midbrain and medulla makes up the brainstem. We have previously developed genetically engineered mouse models of brainstem glioma using the RCAS/Tv-a system by targeting PDGF-B overexpression, p53 loss, and H3.3K27M mutation to Nestin-expressing brainstem progenitor cells of the neonatal mouse. Here we describe a novel mouse model targeting these same genetic alterations to Pax3-expressing cells, which in the neonatal mouse pons consist of a Pax3+/Nestin+/Sox2+ population lining the fourth ventricle and a Pax3+/NeuN+ parenchymal population. Injection of RCAS-PDGF-B into the brainstem of Pax3-Tv-a mice at postnatal day 3 results in 40% of mice developing asymptomatic low-grade glioma. A mixture of low- and high-grade glioma results from injection of Pax3-Tv-a;p53(fl/fl) mice with RCAS-PDGF-B and RCAS-Cre, with or without RCAS-H3.3K27M. These tumors are Ki67+, Nestin+, Olig2+, and largely GFAP- and can arise anywhere within the brainstem, including the classic DIPG location of the ventral pons. Expression of the H3.3K27M mutation reduces overall H3K27me3 as compared with tumors without the mutation, similar to what has been previously shown in human and mouse tumors. Thus, we have generated a novel genetically engineered mouse model of DIPG, which faithfully recapitulates the human disease and represents a novel platform with which to study the biology and treatment of this deadly disease.
Expression of Wnt-1 in PC12 cells results in modulation of plakoglobin and E-cadherin and increased cellular adhesion. (1993)

The Wnt-1 gene plays an essential role in fetal brain development and encodes a secreted protein whose signaling mechanism is presently unknown. In this report we have investigated intracellular mechanisms by which the Wnt-1 gene induces morphological changes in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. PC12 cells expressing Wnt-1 show increased steady-state levels of the adhesive junction protein plakoglobin, and an altered distribution of this protein within the cell. This effect appears similar to a modulation of the plakoglobin homolog, Armadillo, that occurs in Drosophila embryos in response to the Wnt-1 homolog, wingless (Riggleman, B., P. Schedl, and E. Wieschaus. 1990. Cell. 63:549-560). In addition, PC12/Wnt-1 cells show elevated expression of E-cadherin and increased calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. These results imply evolutionary conservation of cellular responses to Wnt-1/wingless and indicate that in certain cell types Wnt-1 may act to modulate cell adhesion mechanisms.
Balancing basement-cored folds of the Rocky Mountain foreland (1988)

In structures involving faulted crystalline basement and folded sedimentary cover rocks, an understanding of the geometry of the folded and faulted sedimentary cover rocks enables a unique interpretation of the basement fault, provided that three critical assumptions are valid: (1) Basement deformation was primarily by rigid-body rotation and translation on a single master fault, which in many cases is completely masked near the basement-cover contact by the development of a zone of subsidiary splays, brecciation, and cataclastic flow. If this assumption is valid, the initial hanging-wall and foot-wall cut-off points probably will not be observable, but must, for reconstruction purposes,...
Scalability in the XFS file system (1996)

In this paper we describe the architecture and design of a new file system, XFS, for Silicon Graphics’ IRIX operating system. It is a general purpose file system for use on both workstations and servers. The focus of the paper is on the mechanisms used by XFS to scale capacity and performance in supporting very large file systems. The large file system support includes mechanisms for managing large files, large numbers of files, large directories, and very high performance I/O. In discussing the mechanisms used for scalability we include both descriptions of the XFS on-disk data structures and analyses of why they were chosen. We discuss in detail our use of B+ trees in place of many of the more traditional linear file system structures. XFS has been shipping to customers since December of 1994 in a version of IRIX 5.3, and we are continuing to improve its performance and add features in upcoming releases. We include performance results from running on the latest version of XFS to demonstrate the viability of our design.
ACR remission criteria and response criteria. (2007)

As additional DMARDs have been added to the armamentarium of rheumatologists over the last 60 years, the approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has changed. Many clinical studies now are geared toward evaluating the concept of eradicating inflammation as a method to seek the elusive goal of sustained remission in RA. One of the first descriptions of remission in 'RA' was by Short et al in 1948, when he documented the natural progression of the disease. Since that time, various criteria have been developed to define RA remission utilizing clinical, radiographic, and laboratory measures. The most stringent of criteria is the American College of Rheumatology Remission Criteria, developed in 1980, which consists of clinical symptoms and signs of inflammation including fatigue, joint pain, morning stiffness, joint tenderness, joint swelling, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Several reports have compared ACR remission criteria to Disease Activity Score (DAS) values to identify equivalent DAS remission values, and these have been extrapolated to modified versions of the DAS, the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI), and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). The ACR remission criteria and the response measures were not designed for use as the target or goal for the clinical management of individual RA patients in routine clinical practice. Nevertheless, rheumatologists yearn for the eradication of inflammation in all RA patients, and attaining remission may be achievable in the future.
Retroviral insertions in the CB-1/Fim-3 common site of integration activate expression of the Evi-1 gene. (1989)

A common retroviral integration site (CB-1) was identified in two IL-3-dependent myeloid leukemia cell lines (DA-3, DA-34). The CB-1 locus was mapped to murine chromosome 3 and was shown to be closely linked to another myeloid common site of viral integrations in myeloid leukemias, Evi-1. A comparison of the CB-1 restriction map with published restriction maps for other common integration sites demonstrated that it was nearly identical to the restriction map of a common site of Friend MuLV integration in myeloid tumors termed Fim-3 (Bordereaux et al. 1987). Genomic clones representing approximately 110 kb of the CB-1 locus and 80 kb of the 5' region of the Evi-1 locus demonstrate no physical overlap of these viral integration sites. Previous studies (Morishita et al. 1988) have shown that retroviral insertions in the Evi-1 locus activate the expression of a gene potentially encoding a 120 kd zinc finger protein. Evi-1 expression is also activated in cell lines with viral integrations in the CB-1 locus. These results demonstrate that the CB-1/Fim-3 and Evi-1 loci constitute a large genomic region in which viral integrations activate the transcription of a new potential myeloid transforming gene.
Laminated Air Structured and Fluid Infiltrated Polymer Waveguides (2011)

We present a new technique for the fabrication of air structured polymer planar waveguides using dry film lamination. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by realizing an array of micron scale air channels which are fluid infiltrated and operated as a coupled waveguide array. Temperature tuned discrete diffraction is demonstrated indicating that the waveguides are single mode and exhibit symmetric, coherent coupling. The demonstrated platform provides a low-cost planar analogue to two-dimensional air structured fibers with potential for fundamental investigations in nonlinear optics and also optical sensors which may be integrated with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems.
Mutational Analysis of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor Pathway Demonstrates that GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Required for Cell Wall Biogenesis and Normal Hyphal Growth inNeurospora crassa (2006)

Using mutational and proteomic approaches, we have demonstrated the importance of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor pathway for cell wall synthesis and integrity and for the overall morphology of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Mutants affected in the gpig-1, gpip-1, gpip-2, gpip-3, and gpit-1 genes, which encode components of the N. crassa GPI anchor biosynthetic pathway, have been characterized. GPI anchor mutants exhibit colonial morphologies, significantly reduced rates of growth, altered hyphal growth patterns, considerable cellular lysis, and an abnormal "cell-within-a-cell" phenotype. The mutants are deficient in the production of GPI-anchored proteins, verifying the requirement of each altered gene for the process of GPI-anchoring. The mutant cell walls are abnormally weak, contain reduced amounts of protein, and have an altered carbohydrate composition. The mutant cell walls lack a number of GPI-anchored proteins, putatively involved in cell wall biogenesis and remodeling. From these studies, we conclude that the GPI anchor pathway is critical for proper cell wall structure and function in N. crassa.
Organic modification of hydrogen terminated silicon surfaces1 (2001)

Covering: 1990–2001.
Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 1 (1999)

The Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS) group was formed following an agreement between the Med-AUSTRON (Austria) and the TERA Foundation (Italy) to combine their efforts in the design of a cancer therapy synchrotron. CERN agreed to host this study in its PS Division and a close collaboration was set up with GSI (Germany). The study group was later joined by Onkologie-2000 (Czech Republic). Effort was first focused on the theoretical understanding of slow extraction and the techniques required to produce a smooth beam spill for the conformal treatment of complex-shaped tumours with a sub-millimetre accuracy by active scanning with proton and carbon ion beams. Considerations for passive scanning were also included. The more general and theoretical aspects of the study are recorded in Part I and the more specific technical design considerations are presented in a second volume Part II. The PIMMS team started their work in January 1996 in the PS Division and continued for a period of three years.
[LASS2/TMSG1 gene silencing promotes the invasiveness and metastatic of human prostatic carcinoma cells through increase in vacuolar ATPase activity]. (2014)

Silencing of LASS2/TMSG1 promotes the growth, invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of V-ATPase activity, indicating that LASS2/TMSG1 is a tumor metastasis suppressor gene.