gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telaprevir, peginterferon alfa-2a, and ribavirin for 28 days in chronic hepatitis C patients (2008)

The first potent and specific inhibitor of the NS3/4A serine protease to be tested in a randomized, placebocontrolled pilot study in patients with chronic hepatitis C was ciluprevir (BILN 2061). In previously untreated patients with genotype 1 infection, treatment with ciluprevir for 2 days resulted in HCV RNA reductions of 2–3 log10 copies/mL in most of the patients, thus providing proof-of-concept that HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors are a therapeutic option for patients with chronic hepatitis C [1]. However, further clinical development of ciluprevir was suspended following reports of cardiotoxicity in animal studies [1]. The NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir have been shown to reduce serumHCVRNA levels when used alone [2,3] and to produce additive reductions in levels when administered with peginterferon (PEGIFN) [3,4]. Telaprevir monotherapy for 2 weeks was associated with a more than 4 log10 median reduction of HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection [2]. When used as monotherapy, current protease inhibitors show a low barrier to genetic resistance, a potential problem for antivirals given the high rate and error-prone nature of HCV replication [5]. The study by Lawitz et al. [6] in the current issue of this Journal assessed the safety and antiviral effects of telaprevir (750 mg q8h) in combination with peginterfer-
Luminescent Spectral Changes in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes after Heat Treatments (2000)

Abstract Luminescent spectra of polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) would depend upon the heat treatment condition and procedure greatly. We have tried thermal annealing at the temperature above Tg of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV), before and after Al deposition respectively, in ITO/MEH-PPV/Al structure. The pre-deposition annealing makes the PL and EL spectrum red-shifted and more broadened. After annealing, the optical band-gap of MEH-PPV thin film decreases by about 0.1 eV relative to that of the dilute solution. The annealing also makes an excimer emission dominant in PL and EL spectra. In contrast, after post-deposition annealing, the EL spectrum was blue-shifted and narrowed. In addition, the excimer emission is withdrawn remarkably after the post-annealing.
Application of the Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation/Suzuki Coupling (BSC) Reaction to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Biaryl Lactams (2002)

The palladium-catalyzed, two-step, one-pot borylation/Suzuki coupling (BSC) reaction was developed to synthesize sterically hindered 2,2'-disubstituted biphenyl and phenyl-indole compounds in a short, simple, and efficient manner from two easily accessible aryl halides. High yields can be obtained by choosing properly both components according to their rough electronic properties. The illustration of the utility of this method was provided by the solution and solid-phase synthesis of seven- or eight-membered biphenyl lactams 5a-e, as well as paullone 3a. These compounds exhibit moderate albeit significant cytotoxicities and may serve as structural models for future medicinal chemistry developments.
Revelation of the Triassic Gas Potential with Insight of Iso Frequency Spectral Decomposition in Saudi Arabia's Offshore (2015)

Abstract Two fields in the eastern offshore of Saudi Arabia were evaluated for the feasibility of an Iso Frequency Spectral Decomposition (FSD) approach to recognize the hydrocarbon presence in two key Triassic reservoirs – Minjur and Jilh formations. Another essential objective was the integration of an advanced Iso FSD technique with other traditional seismic attributes, to identify new possible hydrocarbon sweet spots at the same reservoirs, as well as new potential Triassic plays in the study area. Wells in the first field have hydrocarbons in logs and from tests in the Triassic reservoirs, while a well in the second field shows no hydrocarbon of any kind. 3D seismic data was used to create acoustic impedance inversion and FSD data volumes. Gas bearing reservoirs typically diminished more rapidly at the high frequencies than wet reservoirs. Incremental FSD volumes from 5 to 40 Hz were generated to identify gas saturated locations. Reservoir maps were also produced for seismic amplitude, inversion and FSD attributes. The frequency maps for the Triassic aged formations demonstrated sweet spots at the first field and dimmed at the second field at 10 Hz, while diminishing rapidly at these sweet spots on higher frequency maps. The inversion map for the Minjur Formation displayed low impedance at both fields. The inversion map for the Jilh Dolomite reservoir exhibited low impedance at the first field and high impedance at the second field. The inversion map for the Lower Jilh (a new play) showed relatively high impedance at the first field and fairly low impedance at the second field. The FSD and inversion maps consistently agreed with the offshore Triassic wells for gas detection and porosity. The seismic attribute maps integrated with Iso FSD maps led to identifying potential drill locations with good porosity and gas detection within Triassic formations in Saudi Arabia's offshore field areas.
Quantitative genetics, genomics and plant breeding (2002)

<title>Abstract</title> Although based on an international symposium held in Baton Rouge in 2001, the papers presented have been augmented and several chapters have been specially commissioned for this book. Twenty-four chapters are presented covering topics such as quantitative trait loci mapping, genomics, bioinformatics and marker-assisted selection, tissue culture and alien introgression for crop improvement, and advances in genotype environment interaction/stability analysis.
Fuzzy Logic Wall Following of a Mobile Robot Based on the Concept of General Perception (1995)

This paper presents a new approach to the wall following problem of a mobile robot. Local path planning is based on a so-called concept of general perception, which means that the robot is guided by a representation of its perception only. No map of the environment is used and walls and obstacles are not modelled either. A fuzzy controller then uses the information provided by the concept of general perception to guide the robot along walls of arbitrary shape and around obstacles which are treated as part of a wall, unless the distance between obstacle and wall allows a safe passage. This paper first introduces the concept of general perception and then explains the fuzzy controller in detail. All membership functions and the complete rule base are provided. The concept of general perception together with the fuzzy controller were tested on a real robot performing wall following and obstacle avoidance missions and some of the ensuing experimental results are presented at the end of the paper.
Melatonin and Abnormal Movements Induced by L-Dopa in Mice (1971)

Melatonin has blocked adventitious movements induced by L-dopa in intact mice. It has reversed the adventitious turning to the right, and it has induced running to the left in mice receiving L-dopa after a lesion in the right caudate nucleus.
Charge Pumping in Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We demonstrate charge pumping in semiconducting carbon nanotubes by a traveling potential wave. From the observation of pumping in the nanotube insulating state we deduce that transport occurs by packets of charge being carried along by the wave. By tuning the potential of a side gate, transport of either electron or hole packets can be realized. Prospects for the realization of nanotube based single-electron pumps are discussed.
P-Selectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Are Focally Expressed in Aortas of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Before Intimal Accumulation of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes (1997)

The accumulation of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes in arterial intima is a hallmark of early atherogenesis. To investigate the temporal relationships between endothelial expression of adhesion molecules (eg, P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and intimal accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes, immunostaining was performed by using serial frozen sections from intercostal branch points of thoracic aortas of New Zealand White rabbits that had been fed a 0.3% cholesterol diet. After 1 week of cholesterol feeding, neither macrophages nor T lymphocytes were detected, although endothelial expression of P-selectin and VCAM-1 was observed. After 3 weeks, macrophages were detectable in 75% and T lymphocytes were present in 25% of the rabbits. Expression of P-selectin and VCAM-1 was sustained until 10 weeks. Infiltration of T lymphocytes was restricted in areas in which macrophages were accumulated and did not appear to precede macrophage infiltration. E-selectin expression was not detectable before accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes; however, very few endothelial cells covering foam cell lesions expressed E-selectin after 6 weeks. Similar results were obtained in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits aged 1, 2, and 3 months. Taken together, localized expression of P-selectin and VCAM-1 may play a key role in the initial recruitment of macrophages and T lymphocytes in early atherogenesis.
Minority Carrier Lifetimes and Surface Effects in VLS‐Grown Axial p–n Junction Silicon Nanowires (2011)

The minority carrier lifetimes of VLS-grown axial p–n junction silicon nanowires are characterized by the reverse recovery transients of electrically injected minority carriers. Nanowire-diameter-dependent lifetimes and various electrical properties indicate the enhanced surface recombination with decreasing diameters, suggesting the significance of surface passivations for effective carrier transport in photovoltaic applications.
Electrical impedance scanning: a new technique in the diagnosis of lymph nodes in which malignancy is suspected on ultrasound (2001)

Differentiation between inflammatory and malignant lymph nodes by ultrasound is difficult. Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) is a new diagnostic tool, so far used primarily for the identification of malignant breast lesions. Cancer cells have altered dielectric properties compared with normal cells, thereby distorting the local electrical field. The induced changes in capacitance and conductivity are measurable using EIS. We evaluated EIS in demonstrating the cause of lymph node enlargement. 51 lymph nodes that were suspicious for malignancy on ultrasound (32 patients, mean age 32 years), with a mean size of 18 mm x 12 mm x 10 mm, were examined. The following lymph node locations were included in the study: cervical, inframandibular, axillary, paraaortic and inguinal. EIS results were compared with histopathological and follow-up findings. 30/34 malignant lymph nodes were correctly detected using EIS, while 14/17 inflammatory or benign lymph nodes were correctly identified as benign by EIS; thus, there were 4/51 false negative and 3/51 false positive cases. The sensitivity was 88.2% and the specificity was 82.4%. Corresponding negative and positive predictive values were 77.8% and 90.9%, respectively. Results from this initial study suggest the potential usefulness of EIS as an adjunctive imaging modality in the differentiation of lymphadenopathy that is equivocal on ultrasound. The best accuracy was obtained in the cervical, axillary and inguinal regions. Owing to technical restrictions of the present system, examination of inframandibular and paraaortic lymph nodes should be limited to special cases.
The Nosologic Validity of Paranoia (Simple Delusional Disorder) (1980)

The diagnostic status of paranoia (renamed simple delusional disorder [SDD]) has been debated since the time of Kraepelin. Three main views have emerged that consider paranoia (1) a subtype of schizophrenia, (2) a subtype of affective illness, or (3) a distinct nosologic entity. The literature pertinent to the diagnostic validity of a SDD is examined. Although the methodology of a number of the studies reviewed would not be considered rigorous by today's standards, certain tentative conclusions can nonetheless be reached. The available data do not suggest that SDD is a subtype of affective illness. The evidence reviewed also does not strongly support the hypothesis that SDD is a subtype of schizophrenia. Although some of the data is consistent with the view that SDD is a "mild" form of schizophrenia, the bulk of the evidence suggests that SDD and schizophrenia are distinct syndromes.
Clinical performance of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using targeted cell‐free DNA analysis in maternal plasma with microarrays or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies (2015)

Targeted cfDNA analysis demonstrates consistently high sensitivity and extremely low false positive rates for common autosomal trisomies in pregnancy across quantitation platforms.
Sodium and potassium competition in potassium-selective and non-selective channels (2013)

Potassium channels selectively conduct K(+), primarily to the exclusion of Na(+), despite the fact that both ions can bind within the selectivity filter. Here we perform crystallographic titration and single-channel electrophysiology to examine the competition of Na(+) and K(+) binding within the filter of two NaK channel mutants; one is the potassium-selective NaK2K mutant and the other is the non-selective NaK2CNG, a CNG channel pore mimic. With high-resolution structures of these engineered NaK channel constructs, we explicitly describe the changes in K(+) occupancy within the filter upon Na(+) competition by anomalous diffraction. Our results demonstrate that the non-selective NaK2CNG still retains a K(+)-selective site at equilibrium, whereas the NaK2K channel filter maintains two high-affinity K(+) sites. A double-barrier mechanism is proposed to explain K(+) channel selectivity at low K(+) concentrations.
Development of novel intermetallic joints using thin film indium based solder by low temperature bonding technology for 3D IC stacking (2009)

Low temperature bonding technology was developed using In-alloy on Au at a low temperature below 200degC forming robust intermetallics (IMC) joints with high remelting temperature (>300degC), so that after bonding, the IMC joints can withstand the subsequent processes without any degradation. Process parameters on the solder joint were optimized extensively in bonding and annealing process (temperature, time, and pressure). The joint fabricated at an optimal condition, which is 180degC for 45sec followed by annealing at 120degC for 12hrs, was evaluated in terms of microstructure and compositional observations by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmittance electron microscope (TEM). As a result, it was confirmed that the joint was completely occupied with the Au-In based IMC phases. And the re-melting temperature was measured as above 400degC by using Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) and Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (TMA). This IMC joint showed a high bonding shear strength (>20MPa) and a low electrical resistance (<100mOmega). Based on this study, the 3 stacked dice with 8times8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> dies with ~1700 I/Os of 80um solder bumps were fabricated in a chip to chip stacking method. It showed uniform bonding all over the die in each layer and the high bonding strength of ~40 MPa and passed the 3 times reflow test at 260degC. The IMC joint reliability was examined. After going through the multiple reflows at 260degC, the bonded samples exhibited no delaminating and no changes in the bonding strength and the electrical resistance.
Vaxjo: A Web-Based Vaccine Adjuvant Database and Its Application for Analysis of Vaccine Adjuvants and Their Uses in Vaccine Development (2012)

Vaccine adjuvants are compounds that enhance host immune responses to co-administered antigens in vaccines. Vaxjo is a web-based central database and analysis system that curates, stores, and analyzes vaccine adjuvants and their usages in vaccine development. Basic information of a vaccine adjuvant stored in Vaxjo includes adjuvant name, components, structure, appearance, storage, preparation, function, safety, and vaccines that use this adjuvant. Reliable references are curated and cited. Bioinformatics scripts are developed and used to link vaccine adjuvants to different adjuvanted vaccines stored in the general VIOLIN vaccine database. Presently, 103 vaccine adjuvants have been curated in Vaxjo. Among these adjuvants, 98 have been used in 384 vaccines stored in VIOLIN against over 81 pathogens, cancers, or allergies. All these vaccine adjuvants are categorized and analyzed based on adjuvant types, pathogens used, and vaccine types. As a use case study of vaccine adjuvants in infectious disease vaccines, the adjuvants used in Brucella vaccines are specifically analyzed. A user-friendly web query and visualization interface is developed for interactive vaccine adjuvant search. To support data exchange, the information of vaccine adjuvants is stored in the Vaccine Ontology (VO) in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) format.
ROMAN: a mobile robotic assistant for indoor service applications (2002)

The paper describes design issues of a mobile service robot for health care applications and domestic automation. Key components required for achieving semi-autonomous operation are surveyed, including: 1. a highly maneuverable locomotion platform, 2. an anthropomorphous manipulator, 3. a reliable multisensor system, and a 4. multimodal human-robot-interface. In addition, related information processing and control methodologies are presented. Special emphasis is put on a system architecture for integration of the individual components into a full-size service robot. Performance and usefulness of the proposed approaches are demonstrated through experiments in various real-world service scenarios.
Fine epitope specificity of antibodies against interleukin-2 explains their paradoxical immunomodulatory effects (2013)

The functional dichotomy of antibodies against interleukin-2 (IL-2) is thought to depend upon recognition of different cytokine epitopes. Beyond functional studies, the only molecular evidence obtained so far located the epitopes recognized by the immunoenhancing antibodies S4B6 and JES6-5H4 within the predicted interface of IL-2 with the α receptor subunit, explaining the preferential stimulation of effector cells displaying only β and γ receptor chains. A consistent functional map of the epitope bound by the immunoregulatory antibody JES6-1A12 has now been delineated by screening the interactions of phage-displayed antigen variants (with single and multiple mutations) and antigen mimotopes. The target determinant resides in a region between the predicted interfaces with α and β/γ receptor subunits, supporting the dual inhibitory role of the antibody on both interactions. Binding by JES6-1A12 would thus convert complexed IL-2 into a very weak agonist, reinforcing the advantage of T regulatory cells (displaying the high affinity αβγ heterotrimeric receptor) to capture the cytokine by competition and expand over effector cells, ultimately resulting in the observed strong tolerogenic effect of this antibody. Detailed knowledge of the epitopes recognized by anti-IL-2 antibodies with either immunoenhancing or immunoregulatory properties completes the molecular scenario underlying their use to boost or inhibit immune responses in multiple experimental systems. The expanded functional mapping platform now available could be exploited to study other interactions involving related molecular pairs with the final goal of optimizing cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies.
Antibody Phage Display (2008)

Fab antibody scFv antibody Fig. 34.1. Structure of full-length antibodies and antigen-binding fragments. Domains in the heavy (shaded) and light chain (open) components of these proteins are indicated. In the full-length structure, lines between the C H 1 and C H 2 domains indicate the hinge region of the immunoglobulin. The double connecting line in this region indicates disulphide bonds. In the scFv structure, the free-form line indicates a linker peptide extending from the carboxyl terminus of the V H domain to the amino terminus of the V L component
Using Recurrent Neural Networks for Slot Filling in Spoken Language Understanding (2014)

Semantic slot filling is one of the most challenging problems in spoken language understanding (SLU). In this paper, we propose to use recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for this task, and present several novel architectures designed to efficiently model past and future temporal dependencies. Specifically, we implemented and compared several important RNN architectures, including Elman, Jordan, and hybrid variants. To facilitate reproducibility, we implemented these networks with the publicly available Theano neural network toolkit and completed experiments on the well-known airline travel information system (ATIS) benchmark. In addition, we compared the approaches on two custom SLU data sets from the entertainment and movies domains. Our results show that the RNN-based models outperform the conditional random field (CRF) baseline by 2% in absolute error reduction on the ATIS benchmark. We improve the state-of-the-art by 0.5% in the Entertainment domain, and 6.7% for the movies domain.
Primary structures of ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1992)

Ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 were purified to homogeneity from total protein isolated from the 50S subunit of Bacillus stearothermophilus by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amino acid sequences of both proteins were determined by automated N-terminal sequence analysis and sequencing of internal peptides. Using oligonucleotides deduced from the N-terminal region of protein L3 as hybridization probes, a DNA fragment coding for proteins L3, L4 and the N-terminal part of protein L23 has been identified, cloned and sequenced. The organization of the genes is identical to that found in the S10 operon of Escherichia coli. Comparison of the sequences of proteins L3 and L4 with those of other organisms revealed that all proteins of the L3 family are highly conserved. On the other hand, the archaebacterial L4 proteins show no significant sequence similarity to the E. coli L4 protein whereas the L4 protein of B. stearothermophilus is significantly similar to all of the L4 proteins and thus justifies the membership of all the L4 proteins in one protein family. The results are discussed with respect to the phylogenetic relationship between eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes and possible functional domains of proteins L3 and L4.
Differential Regulation of Key Stages in Early Corneal Wound Healing by TGF-β Isoforms and Their Inhibitors (2006)

The results confirm TGF-beta1 as the principal isoform in corneal wound healing and suggest that inhibition of the action of TGF-beta1 can promote corneal wound healing. Treatment with the anti-TGF-beta1 mAb CAT-192 accelerates corneal re-epithelialization but reduces cell repopulation of the stroma. The cytokines TGF-beta3 and IL-10 have opposing actions to that of TGF-beta1.
Current Approaches to the Development of Dengue Vaccines and Related Aspects of the Molecular Biology of Flaviviruses (1988)

Journal Article Current Approaches to the Development of Dengue Vaccines and Related Aspects of the Molecular Biology of Flaviviruses Get access Walter E. Brandt Walter E. Brandt Steering Committee on Dengue, Program for Vaccine Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Please address requests for reprints to Program for Vaccine Development, Division of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 1105–1111, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.1105 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 20 October 1987 Revision received: 30 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988