gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Affect of Capmul, Labrafil and Transcutol on Progesterone 100 Mg Soft Capsules Bioavaialbility in Indian Healthy Adult Postmenopausal Female Subjects Under Fasting Conditions (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the affect of solubilizers of capmul, labrafil and transcutol on progesterone 100 mg soft capsules of two different Test batches (Test-1 and Test-2) in comparison with that of Prometrium® (Progesterone USP) capsules 100 mg of Reference Product of Abbott Laboratories, USA in healthy adult, human, post-menopausal female volunteers. This study was an open label, balanced, randomized, three treatment, six sequence, three period, cross-over, single-dose comparative oral bioavailability study of Progesterone USP capsules 100 mg of two different Test batches (Test-1 and Test-2) conducted in 18 healthy adult, human, post-menopausal female volunteers under fasting conditions. Subjects received progesterone 100 mg of either test (Test-1 and Test- 2) or reference formulation with a washout period of 7 days. After study drug administration, serial blood samples were collected over a period of 24 hours post dose. The plasma concentrations of progesterone were determined by a validated method using LC/MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Kel and T1/2were determined for both test (Test-1 and Test-2) and reference formulations. The formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if the geometric least square mean ratio of test and reference of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ for baseline adjusted data, Cmax and AUC0-t for baseline unadjusted data were within the predetermined bioequivalence range of 80.00% to 125.00%. A total of 18 subjects were enrolled. No significant differences were found based on analysis of variance. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞of progesterone baseline adjusted data were 617.99-1488.02%, 270.11-683.70%, and 228.82-523.71% respectively. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) for Cmax and AUC0-t of progesterone baseline unadjusted data were 497.80-1180.16% and 156.81-407.82% respectively. Both the test formulations (Test-1 and Test-2) in this study were fails to show the bioequivalence with that of reference formulation for progesterone and were found to have significantly suprabioavailale. The intra subject variability (%) for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞of progesterone baseline adjusted data were found to be 87.49%, 94.16% and 74.66% respectively. The intra subject variability (%) for Cmax and AUC0-t of progesterone baseline unadjusted data were found to be 85.47% and 97.93% respectively. There was a significant intra subject variability was observed for both the test formulations (Test-1 and Test-2) for progesterone under fasting conditions.
Characterization of extracellular thermostable xylanase from Chaetomium globosum (1994)

Abstract This paper deals with the characterization of extracellular thermostable xylanase produced by Chaetomium globosum , an ascomycete fungus. The crude extracellular enzyme was found to have temperature and pH optima of 60°C and 5·0 respectively. The enzyme hydrolyses xylan to a mixture of xylo‐oligomers. Xylobiose and xylose are the major breakdown products.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Epoxides. Part 5. Highly Selective Synthesis of Diepoxides from α,ω‐Diiodoperfluoroalkanes. Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Epoxide‐Ring Opening and New Amphiphilic Compounds and Monomers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intramyocardial Pacing and Sensing for the Enhancement of Cardiac Stimulation and Sensing Specificity (2007)

Totally intramyocardial pacing is feasible, and results in site-specific pacing and sensing function. This may eliminate far-field signal oversensing and phrenic stimulation in future devices.
Low voltage, scalable nanocrystal flash memory fabricated by templated self assembly (2004)

We introduce a new method for building nanocrystal flash memory devices that achieves precise control of nanocrystal size and position. Nanocrystal dimensions are defined via polymer self assembly, facilitating device scaling. Devices exhibit low voltage memory operation with promising retention and endurance properties.
Evolutionary Differences in Glycosaminoglycan Fine Structure Detected by Quantitative Glycan Reductive Isotope Labeling (2008)

To facilitate qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycosaminoglycans, we tagged the reducing end of lyase-generated disaccharides with aniline-containing stable isotopes (12C6 and 13C6). Because different isotope tags have no effect on chromatographic retention times but can be discriminated by a mass detector, differentially isotope-tagged samples can be compared simultaneously by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantified by admixture with known amounts of standards. The technique is adaptable to all types of glycosaminoglycans, and its sensitivity is only limited by the type of mass spectrometer available. We validated the method using commercial heparin and keratan sulfate as well as heparan sulfate isolated from mutant and wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells, and select tissues from mutant and wild-type mice. This new method provides more robust, reliable, and sensitive means of quantitative evaluation of glycosaminoglycan disaccharide compositions than existing techniques allowing us to compare the chondroitin and heparan sulfate compositions of Hydra vulgaris, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammalian cells. Our results demonstrate significant differences in glycosaminoglycan structure among these organisms that might represent evolutionarily distinct functional motifs.
Combined Antioxidant Treatment Effects on Blood Oxidative Stress after Eccentric Exercise (2005)

These data suggest that eccentric resistance exercise can increase blood biomarkers of oxidative stress in non-resistance trained females, and this vitamin E, C, and selenium supplementation can attenuate the rise in PC and MDA.
Unexpected presence of polyreactive catalytic antibodies in IgG from unimmunized donors and decreased levels in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

Polyclonal IgG from healthy humans and unimmunized mice was screened for peptide-methylcoumarinamide (peptide-MCA) hydrolyzing activity. The activity was detected in every IgG sample examined. Contaminant enzymes were precluded as an explanation, as the activity tracked exactly with the 150-kDa IgG peak separated by gel filtration in denaturing solvent (6 M guanidine hydrochloride) and with the 50-kDa Fab fragment peak produced by papain-digestion of the IgG. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis displayed a 3.2-fold reduced peptide-MCA hydrolyzing activity (mean) compared to healthy subjects. Control osteoarthritis patients showed no diminution in activity. A progressive decrease in the activity by 7.4-fold of the pre-immune levels was observed in mice over the course of hyperimmunization with SRBC, indicating that exogenous Ag challenge, like rheumatoid arthritis, is associated with decreased catalytic activity. Apparent Km values of the IgG for Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA were 0.39 to 0.53 mM, values approximately 3-orders of magnitude greater than observed previously for Ag-specific catalysis by Abs. The only common structural feature in peptide-MCA conjugates utilized by the Abs as substrates was the presence of Arg-MCA and Lys-MCA bonds. The IgG hydrolyzed Pro-Phe-Arg-Phe at the Arg-Phe peptide bond, showing that the activity is relevant to cleavage of peptide bonds in natural Ags. The universal occurrence of this polyreactive catalytic activity in unimmunized donors and its diminution in an autoimmune disease and nonspecific Ag challenge suggest that it may possess an important, but as yet unidentified, biologic role.
Superinduction of T lymphocyte-endothelial cell (EC) binding by treatment of EC with interleukin 1 and protein synthesis inhibitors. (1987)

We have previously reported that marked enhancement of the in vitro binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cell (EC) monolayers is observed after stimulation of the EC with interleukin 1 (IL 1). To determine whether new protein synthesis was required for this effect of IL 1, EC were incubated with IL 1 in the presence of cycloheximide or puromycin. Three different effects of these protein synthesis inhibitors on T-EC binding were observed. First, preincubation of the EC with both IL 1 and an inhibitor blocked the increase in binding if the inhibitor was present during both the preincubation and the 1 hr duration of the T-EC binding assay, suggesting that new protein synthesis is required for the enhancement of T-EC adhesion by IL 1. Second, preincubation of the EC with low doses of the inhibitors (0.1 to 1 microgram/ml) in the absence of IL 1 consistently increased T-EC binding, even if the inhibitors were present during the T-EC adhesion assay; in addition, the inhibitors additionally increased the stimulatory effect of IL 1 if the EC were washed free of the inhibitor before the assay step. The binding-enhancing effect of low concentrations of cycloheximide could be inhibited by an antibody to the CDw18 complex on the T cell, suggesting an up-regulation of the ligand on the EC involved in CDw18-dependent T cell adhesion. Third, higher concentrations of the inhibitors (3 to 10 micrograms/ml) were toxic for the EC in the presence of IL 1, possibly due to the combined blocking effect of IL 1 and inhibitors on EC protein synthesis.
Distinctive Features of the Differentiated Phenotype and Infiltration of Tumor-Reactive Lymphocytes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2012)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered an immunogenic tumor, but it has been difficult to identify tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) that show in vitro tumor recognition. We compared the characteristics of fresh RCC TIL to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or melanoma TIL. Our results showed that RCC TIL contained fewer CD27(+) T cells, and fewer naïve and central memory (CM) T cells, but more effector memory (EM) T cells than melanoma TIL or renal PBL. We hypothesized that factors in the RCC microenvironment were skewing TIL phenotype toward EM. One possibility was the expression of CD70 on nearly all human RCCs, but not melanomas. Differentiation of naïve T cells to EM cells only occurred from CD70 costimulation in concert with T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation (signal one), suggesting that EM TIL responding to CD70 would be enriched for T cells reactive with local antigens, including those associated with RCC. Clonotypic analysis of TCRs in fresh RCCs showed that EM T cells were more clonally expanded than CM or naïve T cells, and the clonal expansion occurred at the tumor site as oligoclonal TCRs were distinct from PBL TCRs from the same patient. In addition, we found that 2 TCRs from the highly represented EM TIL clones, when reexpressed in fresh PBL, recognized an MHC-class II or MHC-class I-restricted antigens shared by multiple RCC lines. Our results suggest that RCC-reactive TIL do exist in situ, but may be difficult to recover and study because of proliferative exhaustion, driven by tumor-expressed CD70.
Identification of Δ5-Desaturase from Mortierella alpina by Heterologous Expression in Bakers' Yeast and Canola (1998)

A DNA fragment with homology to Delta6-desaturases from borage and cyanobacteria was isolated after polymerase chain reaction amplification of Mortierella alpina cDNA with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the conserved regions of known Delta6-desaturase genes. This fragment was used as a probe to isolate a cDNA clone with an open reading frame encoding 446 amino acids from a M. alpina library. Expression of this open reading frame from an inducible promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of various substrates revealed that the recombinant product had Delta5-desaturase activity. The effects of growth and induction conditions as well as host strain on activity of the recombinant Delta5-desaturase in S. cerevisiae were evaluated. Expression of the M. alpina Delta5-desaturase cDNA in transgenic canola seeds resulted in the production of taxoleic acid (Delta5,9-18:2) and pinolenic acid (Delta5,9,12-18:3), which are the Delta5-desaturation products of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively.
Abdominal Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (2007)

An increased waist circumference, a crude measure of intra-abdominal fat, is associated with an increased risk of concomitant CHD in patients with PAD.
Affinity transfer to a human protein by CDR3 grafting of camelid VHH (2011)

VHH is the binding domain of the IgG heavy chain. Some VHHs have an extremely long CDR3 that contributes to antigen binding. We studied the antigen binding ability of CDR3 by grafting a CDR3 from an antigen-binding VHH onto a nonbinding VHH. cAb-CA05-(1RI8), the CDR3-grafted VHH, had an antigen-binding ability. To find a human scaffold protein acceptable for VHH CDR3 grafting, we focused on the conserved structure of VHH, especially the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid residues of the CDR3 loop and the Cys residue of CDR1. Human origin protein structures with the same orientation were searched in PDB and ubiquitin was selected. Ubi-(1RI8), the CDR3-grafted ubiquitin, had antigen-binding ability, though the affinity was relatively low compared to cAb-CA05-(1RI8). The thermodynamic parameters of Ubi-(1RI8) binding to HEWL were different from cAb-CA05-(1RI8). Hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments showed decreased stability around the CDR3 grafting region of Ubi-(1RI8), which might explain the decreased antigen-binding ability and the differences in thermodynamic properties. We concluded that the orientation of the CDR3 sequence of Ubi-(1RI8) could not be reconstructed correctly.
Expression of antisense transcripts encoding an extracellular matrix protein by stably transfected vascular smooth muscle cells. (1991)

The ability to selectively inhibit the expression of various extracellular matrix proteins would provide an approach towards elucidating not only the function of these molecules but allow some insight to be gained into the mechanisms by which these molecules influence various aspects of vascular smooth muscle cell behavior such as growth, migration, morphology, and extracellular matrix assembly. The present study explores the feasibility of employing an antisense RNA approach to study vascular smooth muscle extracellular matrix proteoglycan function. Vascular smooth muscle cells were transfected with a test plasmid designed to express an antisense transcript encoding an extracellular matrix protein. The test plasmid was constructed by inserting the cDNA encoding the majority of the rat chondrosarcoma extracellular matrix link protein in an antisense orientation relative to the rat metallothionein-I promoter. Several stably transfected cell lines were isolated and characterized with respects to link antisense transcript expression, morphology, growth, and smooth muscle cytoskeletal protein expression. Results from these studies have shown that vascular smooth muscle cells could be stably transfected and link antisense transcript could be expressed at high levels by these cells. In addition, the rat metallothionein-I promoter was found to be a strong inducible promoter in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell biology characterization of the various transfected vascular smooth muscle cell lines generated in this study has shown that one type of transfected vascular smooth muscle cell line expressed cellular characteristics indicative of early passaged vascular smooth muscle cells while a second type of transfected cell line was morphologically similar to vascular smooth muscle cells recovered from neonatal rat aortas and mechanically injured arteries obtained from adult rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chemical and enzymatic properties of bridging 5'-S-phosphorothioester linkages in DNA (1998)

We describe physicochemical and enzymatic properties of 5' bridging phosphorothioester linkages at specific sites in DNA oligonucleotides. The susceptibility to hydrolysis at various pH values is examined and no measurable hydrolysis is observed at pH 5-9 after 4 days at 25 degrees C. The abilities of three 3'- and 5'-exonuclease enzymes to hydrolyze the DNA past this linkage are examined and it is found that the linkage causes significant pauses at the sulfur linkage for T4 DNA polymerase and calf spleen phosphodiesterase, but not for snake venom phosphodiesterase. Restriction endonuclease (Nsi I) cleavage is also attempted at a 5'-thioester junction and strong resistance to cleavage is observed. Also tested is the ability of polymerase enzymes to utilize templates containing single 5'-S-thioester linkages; both Klenow DNA polymerase and T7 RNA polymerase are found to synthesize complementary strands successfully without any apparent pause at the sulfur linkage. Finally, the thermal stabilities of duplexes containing such linkages are measured; results show that T m values are lowered by a small amount (2 degrees C) when one or two thioester linkages are present in an otherwise unmodified duplex. The chemical stability and surprisingly small perturbation by the 5' bridging sulfur make it a good candidate as a physical and mechanistic probe for specific protein or metal interactions involving this position in DNA.
An EPR and NMR study of some tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl free radicals (1993)

Isoindolin-2-yloxyls are stable free radicals whose potential as spin probes/labels has not yet been exploited. We have prepared 1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline, its 5-nitro derivative (paving the way to adding prosthetic groups) and a version with fully deuteriated methyl groups. These isoindolines have been oxidized to give the corresponding free radicals. It was found that the isotropic EPR spectra of the radicals have linewidths much smaller than those of the TEMPO family of radicals. The parent radical has a spectrum characterized by hyperfine interactions from nitrogen and from protons of the methyl groups. By measuring the NMR chemical shift differences between the isoindolines and the isoindolinyloxyls, values and signs of hyperfine splittings have been determined for the aromatic protons (too small to measure even in well resolved EPR spectra) and for some of the carbon-13 nuclei (at natural abundance). An important advantage of the NMR method is that assignments can be made with near certainty. This advantage has been taken further by obtaining 1H–13C chemical shift correlation spectra of the free radicals.For spin probe measurements, accurate values of the anisotropic g-factors and nitrogen hyperfine interactions are needed: these have been derived from the EPR powder spectrum of the deuteriated radical.
ADAM‐8, a metalloproteinase, drives acute allergen‐induced airway inflammation (2010)

Asthma is a complex disease linked to various pathophysiological events including the activity of proteinases. The multifunctional A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) displaying the ability to cleave membrane-bound mediators or cytokines appear to be key mediators in various inflammatory processes. In the present study, we investigated ADAM-8 expression and production in a mouse model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. In allergen-exposed animals, increased expression of ADAM-8 was found in the lung parenchyma and in DC purified from the lungs. The potential role of ADAM-8 in the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation was further investigated by the use of an anti-ADAM-8 antibody and ADAM-8 knockout animals. We observed a decrease in allergen-induced acute inflammation both in BALF and the peribronchial area in anti-ADAM-8 antibody-treated mice and in ADAM-8-deficient mice (ADAM-8(-/-) ) after allergen exposure. ADAM-8 depletion led to a significant decrease of the CD11c(+) lung DC. We also report lower levels of CCL11 and CCL22 production in antibody-treated mice and ADAM-8- deficient mice that might be explained by decreased eosinophilic inflammation and lower numbers of DC, respectively. In conclusion, ADAM-8 appears to favour allergen-induced acute airway inflammation by promoting DC recruitment and CCL11 and CCL22 production.
Describing the scene as a whole: Joint object detection, scene classification and semantic segmentation (2012)

In this paper we propose an approach to holistic scene understanding that reasons jointly about regions, location, class and spatial extent of objects, presence of a class in the image, as well as the scene type. Learning and inference in our model are efficient as we reason at the segment level, and introduce auxiliary variables that allow us to decompose the inherent high-order potentials into pairwise potentials between a few variables with small number of states (at most the number of classes). Inference is done via a convergent message-passing algorithm, which, unlike graph-cuts inference, has no submodularity restrictions and does not require potential specific moves. We believe this is very important, as it allows us to encode our ideas and prior knowledge about the problem without the need to change the inference engine every time we introduce a new potential. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on the MSRC-21 benchmark, while being much faster. Importantly, our holistic model is able to improve performance in all tasks.
Randomized Trial of Benznidazole for Chronic Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy (2015)

Trypanocidal therapy with benznidazole in patients with established Chagas' cardiomyopathy significantly reduced serum parasite detection but did not significantly reduce cardiac clinical deterioration through 5 years of follow-up. (Funded by the Population Health Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00123916; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN13967269.).
Comparison of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma (1999)

The success rate of DSCI may be comparable to that of trabeculectomy, with fewer complications.
Power Stabilization of the Dual-Mode Laser Using Volume Holographic Gratings (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a power stabilization method for a dual-mode Ti:Sapphire ring cavity laser. Without stabilization, mode competition caused the output power of the two modes to fluctuate by approximately 10 dB. The power stabilization system, which used volume holographic gratings to monitor the power in each mode, reduced the power fluctuations to less than 3 dB. </para>