gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How To Construct Random Functions (1984)

This paper develops a constructive theory of randomness for functions based on computational complexity. We present a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that transforms pairs (g,r), where g is any one-way (in a very weak sense) function and r is a random k-bit string, to polynomial-time computable functions f/sub r/:{1,..., 2/sup k} /spl I.oarr/ {1, ..., 2/sup k/}. These f/sub r/'s cannot be distinguished from random functions by any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm that asks and receives the value of a function at arguments of its choice. The result has applications in cryptography, random constructions and complexity theory.
Topic sentiment analysis in twitter (2011)

Twitter is one of the biggest platforms where massive instant messages (i.e. tweets) are published every day. Users tend to express their real feelings freely in Twitter, which makes it an ideal source for capturing the opinions towards various interesting topics, such as brands, products or celebrities, etc. Naturally, people may anticipate an approach to receiving the common sentiment tendency towards these topics directly rather than through reading the huge amount of tweets about them. On the other side, Hashtags, starting with a symbol "#" ahead of keywords or phrases, are widely used in tweets as coarse-grained topics. In this paper, instead of presenting the sentiment polarity of each tweet relevant to the topic, we focus our study on hashtag-level sentiment classification. This task aims to automatically generate the overall sentiment polarity for a given hashtag in a certain time period, which markedly differs from the conventional sentence-level and document-level sentiment analysis. Our investigation illustrates that three types of information is useful to address the task, including (1) sentiment polarity of tweets containing the hashtag; (2) hashtags co-occurrence relationship and (3) the literal meaning of hashtags. Consequently, in order to incorporate the first two types of information into a classification framework where hashtags can be classified collectively, we propose a novel graph model and investigate three approximate collective classification algorithms for inference. Going one step further, we show that the performance can be remarkably improved using an enhanced boosting classification setting in which we employ the literal meaning of hashtags as semi-supervised information. Experimental results on a real-life data set consisting of 29,195 tweets and 2,181 hashtags show the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithms.
Don't Look Back: Robustifying Place Categorization for Viewpoint- and Condition-Invariant Place Recognition (2018)

When a human drives a car along a road for the first time, they later recognize where they are on the return journey typically without needing to look in their rear view mirror or turn around to look back, despite significant viewpoint and appearance change. Such navigation capabilities are typically attributed to our semantic visual understanding of the environment [1] beyond geometry to recognizing the types of places we are passing through such as “passing a shop on the left” or “moving through a forested area”. Humans are in effect using place categorization [2] to perform specific place recognition even when the viewpoint is 180 degrees reversed. Recent advances in deep neural networks have enabled high performance semantic understanding of visual places and scenes, opening up the possibility of emulating what humans do. In this work, we develop a novel methodology for using the semantics-aware higher-order layers of deep neural networks for recognizing specific places from within a reference database. To further improve the robustness to appearance change, we develop a descriptor normalization scheme that builds on the success of normalization schemes for pure appearance-based techniques such as SeqSLAM [3]. Using two different datasets - one road-based, one pedestrian-based, we evaluate the performance of the system in performing place recognition on reverse traversals of a route with a limited field of view camera and no turn-back-and-Iook behaviours, and compare to existing state-of-the-art techniques and vanilla off-the-shelf features. The results demonstrate significant improvements over the existing state of the art, especially for extreme perceptual challenges that involve both great viewpoint change and environmental appearance change. We also provide experimental analyses of the contributions of the various system components: the use of spatio-temporal sequences, place categorization and place-centric characteristics as opposed to object-centric semantics.
Exploratory research on bioactive natural products with a focus on biological phenomena (2010)

The discovery of new basic compounds holds the key for advancing material sciences. We have focused on the identification and characterization of natural key compounds that control biologically and physiologically intriguing phenomena. The discovery of new bioactive molecules, facilitated by a deeper understanding of nature, should advance our knowledge of biological processes and lead to new strategies to treat disease. The structure and function of natural compounds are sometimes unexpectedly original. Based on our past experience and results, we have carried out research to find new directions for compound exploration by directly learning from dynamic biological phenomena in the field, and have succeeded in creating a new research field in biological molecular sciences.
Monolithic pin photodetector and FT amplifier on GaAs-on-Si (2003)

The design, fabrication, and evaluation of GaAs-on-Si monolithic, lateral p-i-n photodetectors and MESFET amplifiers are described. The GaAs-on-Si was grown by OMCVD. The low-capacitance p-i-n detectors were fabricated directly on the GaAs high-resistivity buffer layer in a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)-compatible process. Quantum efficiency results for the p-i-n detector and the 2- to 4-GHz frequency response of one- and two-stage p-i-n/FET preamplifiers are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A robust audio classification and segmentation method (2001)

In this paper, we present a robust algorithm for audio classification that is capable of segmenting and classifying an audio stream into speech, music, environment sound and silence. Audio classification is processed in two steps, which makes it suitable for different applications. The first step of the classification is speech and non-speech discrimination. In this step, a novel algorithm based on KNN and LSP VQ is presented. The second step further divides non-speech class into music, environment sounds and silence with a rule based classification scheme. Some new features such as the noise frame ratio and band periodicity are introduced and discussed in detail. Our experiments in the context of video structure parsing have shown the algorithms produce very satisfactory results.
TENANCY BY THE ENTIRETIES: A MATRIMONIAL REGIME IGNORED (1980)

In light of widespread dissatisfaction regarding methods of dividing family property, this article considers the many reform proposals regarding classification of the family home. Recognizing that a majority of proposals call for some kind of joint ownership, it focuses on the often overlooked classification of tenancy by the entireties and compares it to tenancies in common and the favoured joint tenancy. It also examines how tenancies by the entirety satisfy the current reform objectives according to the doctrines of severability and partition, though this form of tenancy has received little serious consideration.
Incorporation of Trifluoromethionine into a Phage Lysozyme:  Implications and a New Marker for Use in Protein 19F NMR (1997)

Much interest is currently focused on understanding the detailed contribution that particular amino acid residues make in protein structure and function. Although the use of site-directed mutagenesis has greatly contributed to this goal, the approach is limited to the standard repertoire of twenty amino acids. Fluorinated amino acids have been utilized successfully to probe protein structure and dynamics as well as point to the importance of specific residues to biological function. In our continuing investigations on the importance of the amino acid methionine in biological systems, the successful incorporation of L-S-(trifluoromethyl)homocysteine (L-trifluoromethionine; L-TFM) into bacteriophage lambda lysozyme (LaL), an enzyme containing three methionine residues, is reported. The L isomer of TFM was synthesized in an overall yield of 33% from N-acetyl-D,L-homocysteine thiolactone and trifluoromethyl iodide. An expression plasmid giving strong overproduction of LaL was prepared and transformed into an Escherichia coli strain auxotrophic for methionine permitting the expression of LaL in the presence of L-TFM. The analogue would not support growth of the auxotroph and was found to be inhibitory to cell growth. However, cells that were initially grown in a Met-rich media followed by protein induction under careful control of the respective concentrations of L-Met and L-TFM in the media, were able to overexpress TFM-labeled LaL (TFM-LaL) at both high (70%) and low (31%) levels of TFM incorporation. TFM-LaL at both levels of incorporation exhibited analogous activity to the wild type enzyme and were inhibited by chitooligosaccharides indicating that incorporation of the analogue did not hinder enzyme function. Interestingly, the 19F solution NMR spectra of the TFM-labeled enzymes consisted of four sharp resonances spanning a chemical shift range of 0.9 ppm, with three of the resonances showing very modest shielding changes on binding of chitopentaose. The 19F NMR analysis of TFM-LaL at both high and low levels of incorporation suggested that one of the methionine positions gives rise to two separate resonances. The intensities of these two resonances were influenced by the extent of incorporation which was interpreted as an indication that subtle conformational changes in protein structure are induced by incorporated TFM. The similarities and differences between Met and TFM were analyzed using ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The methodology presented offers promise as a new approach to the study of protein-ligand interactions as well as for future investigations into the functional importance of methionine in proteins.
Barrier Properties of Gastrointestinal Mucus to Nanoparticle Transport (2010)

Gastrointestinal mucus, a complex network of highly branched glycoproteins and macromolecules, is the first barrier through which orally delivered drug and gene vectors must traverse. The diffusion of such vectors can be restricted by the high adhesivity and viscoelasticity of mucus. In this investigation, the barrier properties of gastrointestinal mucus to particle transport were explored using real-time multiple particle tracking. The influence of surface chemistry on particle transport rates was examined using amine-, carboxylate-, and sulfate-modified polystyrene nanoparticles. A strong dependence of particle mobility in gastrointestinal mucus on surface charge was observed, with anionic particles diffusing 20-30 times faster than cationic particles. Comparison of diffusion coefficients calculated for gastrointestinal mucus with significantly varying values previously reported in the literature for other mucus sources, including cervicovaginal mucus and cystic fibrosis sputum, highlight the dependence of mucus barrier properties on the anatomical source. A significant degree of transport rate heterogeneity was also observed in native gastrointestinal mucus, suggesting a highly heterogeneous distribution of pore sizes. Furthermore, the suitability of purified mucin as a model system for transport studies was assessed by comparing particle transport rates between native intestinal mucus and purified porcine gastric mucin. Particle transport rates were approximately threefold lower in native mucus compared to purified mucin for anionic particles, yet comparable for cationic particles. Differences between barrier properties of the purified mucin preparation and native mucus depended on specific carrier properties, indicating that the purified mucin preparation does not provide an accurate model system for native mucus.
Osteopontin-mediated myocardial fibrosis in heart failure: a role for lysyl oxidase? (2013)

An excess of OPN is associated with increased LOX and insoluble collagen, as well as with LV stiffness and systolic dysfunction in patients with HHD and HF. In addition, OPN up-regulates LOX in human fibroblasts. It is suggested that the OPN-LOX axis might facilitate the formation of insoluble collagen (i.e. stiff and resistant to degradation) and the subsequent alteration in LV mechanical properties and function in patients with HHD and HF.
Optimization of spatially adaptive reciprocal multipoint communication networks (2003)

A mathematical framework for a duplex multiple-input-multiple-output, multipoint network is presented and used to develop uplink and downlink network objective functions based on information theoretic "waterfilling" capacity arguments. It is shown that these objective functions possess equal local optima in reciprocal networks where the internode channel responses between uplink and downlink reception nodes are reciprocal, e.g., in time-division duplex networks. This mathematical framework can be used to develop locally enabled global optimization algorithms that use only local information available at each transceiver. A numerical experiment reveals an order-of-magnitude capacity improvement over conventional single-antenna systems, and/or a several-orders-of-magnitude improvement in required transmission power.
Antimicrobial activity and total content of polyphenols of Rheum L. species growing in Poland (2010)

Abstract In the crude ethanol extracts obtained from the rhizome and roots of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum undulatum L. and Rheum rhaponticum L. growing in Poland concentration of polyphenols ranged from 46.11 to 76.45 mg/g. Concentration of tannins ranged from 7.07% to 8.67%, while anthracene derivatives and anthraquinones varied by species - R. palmatum measured 36.3 and 34 mg/g, while R. undulatum or R. rhaponticum did not exceed 20.4 and 18.1 or 19.8 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g, respectively. Using a broth microdilution method it was found that all of the Rheum spp. extracts were more active against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) than against those of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis). The strongest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus spp. was exerted by R. undulatum extract with MIC = 125–250 μg/mL. The moderate in vitro antibacterial activity of R. undulatum suggests that this plant, often used in the European cuisine to improve flavour, may be also important and useful as an alternative or auxiliary medicine remedy in the treatment of uncomplicated superficial infections caused especially by clinically important staphylococci, potentially pathogenic S. aureus or opportunistic S. epidermidis.
Characterization of a strong positive cis-acting element of the human beta-myosin heavy chain gene in fetal rat heart cells. (1992)

A strong positive element within the proximal promoter region of the human beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) gene that is required for high level expression in primary cultures of fetal rat heart cells was localized by transient assays and DNase I footprinting to positions- 277/-298. Using gel shift studies, this sequence was found to bind specifically at high affinity (Kd approximately 4 x 10(-9) M) to a transcriptional factor (beta F1) found in nuclear extracts from rabbit heart. Dimethyl sulfate interference studies suggested that beta F1 may bind as a dimer to two hexameric imperfect direct repeats containing the consensus sequence 5'-(C/G)-T-G-(T/A)-G-G-3'. Gel shift analyses suggested that beta F1 is related to the M-CAT factor, which is known to control muscle-specific expression of the cardiac troponin T gene. A clustered mutation of the region between the putative binding half-sites and within the "M-CAT"-like domain abolished beta-MHC promoter activity. The sequence of the positive element also contains binding motifs for several transcriptional factors that regulate viral and cellular genes, including AP4, AP5, TEF-1, and MyoD-like proteins. When multiple copies of the beta-MHC element were inserted downstream from the transcriptional initiation site of the thymidine kinase gene, it did not act as a classical enhancer, showing some dependence upon orientation.
Universal DNA microarray method for multiplex detection of low abundance point mutations (1999)

Cancers arise from the accumulation of multiple mutations in genes regulating cellular growth and differentiation. Identification of such mutations in numerous genes represents a significant challenge in genetic analysis, particularly when the majority of DNA in a tumor sample is from wild-type stroma. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a new type of DNA microchip that combines polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR/LDR) with "zip-code" hybridization. Suitably designed allele-specific LDR primers become covalently ligated to adjacent fluorescently labeled primers if and only if a mutation is present. The allele-specific LDR primers contain on their 5'-ends "zip-code complements" that are used to direct LDR products to specific zip-code addresses attached covalently to a three-dimensional gel-matrix array. Since zip-codes have no homology to either the target sequence or to other sequences in the genome, false signals due to mismatch hybridizations are not detected. The zip-code sequences remain constant and their complements can be appended to any set of LDR primers, making our zip-code arrays universal. Using the K- ras gene as a model system, multiplex PCR/LDR followed by hybridization to prototype 3x3 zip-code arrays correctly identified all mutations in tumor and cell line DNA. Mutations present at less than one per cent of the wild-type DNA level could be distinguished. Universal arrays may be used to rapidly detect low abundance mutations in any gene of interest.
Platelet Function and Coagulation During and Following Heat Stress (2007)

Purpose: This study examined platelet function and coagulation during and following heat stress that was induced passively and in conjunction with exercise. Methods: Eight healthy, males (M = 20.4 yrs, Wt = 76.6 kg, VO2peak = 48 ml·kg·min‐1) participated in two heat stress conditions; exercise‐induced heat stress (EIHS) and passive heat stress (PHS). The EIHS condition consisted of 45 minutes of cycling while wearing encapsulating clothing. The PHS condition required subjects to sit in a tub of warm water for 45 minutes. Blood samples were collected pre, post, and 1‐hr post each condition and analyzed for platelet function, fibrinogen, prothrombin (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and complete blood count (CBC). A 2x3 RM ANOVA was run to determine significant effects for blood samples. Results: Tc increased significantly over time in both conditions, but there was no main condition effect. HR and TS increased significantly over time in both conditions, and HR and TS were higher during exercise. There was a significant main effect for time for platelet number, platelet function, fibrinogen, and PTT. There was a significant condition effect for PTT, WBC, and RBC, and a strong trend for platelets to be higher in the exercise condition (p=.06). Conclusion: The data suggest that heat stress, whether induced by exercise or passive heating, causes changes in platelet function and coagulatory potential.
Functional identification of AtFao3, a membrane bound long chain alcohol oxidase in Arabidopsis thaliana (2004)

The Arabidopsis thalina genome database was searched for homologues of the Candida cloacae fao1 gene which encodes a membrane bound, flavin-containing, hydrogen peroxide generating, long chain alcohol oxidase. This gene has not been isolated from plants or animals. Four putative candidates were found in the database but their function has not been proven. The cDNAs for two of them were cloned by RT-PCR from Arabidopis suspension culture and one of them [AtFAO3] was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and shown to functionally express long chain alcohol oxidase activity. The protein has been solubilised and retains biological activity thereby preparing the way for crystallographic studies. This is the first functional proof identifying a long chain alcohol oxidase in higher plants.
STRG-Index (2005)

In this paper, we propose new graph-based data structure and indexing to organize and retrieve video data. Several researches have shown that a graph can be a better candidate for modeling semantically rich and complicated multimedia data. However, there are few methods that consider the temporal feature of video data, which is a distinguishable and representative characteristic when compared with other multimedia (i.e., images). In order to consider the temporal feature effectively and efficiently, we propose a new graph-based data structure called Spatio-Temporal Region Graph (STRG). Unlike existing graph-based data structures which provide only spatial features, the proposed STRG further provides temporal features, which represent temporal relationships among spatial objects. The STRG is decomposed into its subgraphs in which redundant subgraphs are eliminated to reduce the index size and search time, because the computational complexity of graph matching (subgraph isomorphism) is NP-complete. In addition, a new distance measure, called Extended Graph Edit Distance (EGED), is introduced in both non-metric and metric spaces for matching and indexing respectively. Based on STRG and EGED, we propose a new indexing method STRG-Index, which is faster and more accurate since it uses tree structure and clustering algorithm. We compare the STRG-Index with the M-tree, which is a popular tree-based indexing method for multimedia data. The STRG-Index outperforms the M-tree for various query loads in terms of cost and speed.
Pramipexole protects against apoptotic cell death by non‐dopaminergic mechanisms (2004)

We have investigated the ability of pramipexole, a dopamine agonist used in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), to protect against cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and rotenone in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic cells. Pre-incubation with either the active (-)- or inactive (+)-enantiomer forms of pramipexole (10 microm) decreased cell death in response to MPP+ and rotenone in dopaminergic SHSY-5Y cells and in non-dopaminergic JK cells. The protective effect was not prevented by dopamine receptor blockade using sulpiride or clozapine. Protection occurred at concentrations at which pramipexole did not demonstrate antioxidant activity, as shown by the failure to maintain aconitase activity. However, pramipexole reduced caspase-3 activation, decreased the release of cytochrome c and prevented the fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by MPP+ and rotenone. This suggests that pramipexole has anti-apoptotic actions. The results extend the evidence for the neuroprotective effects of pramipexole and indicate that this is not dependent on dopamine receptor occupation or antioxidant activity. Further evaluation is required to determine whether the neuroprotective action of pramipexole is translated to a disease-modifying effect in PD patients.