gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galectin-3 Targeted Therapy with a Small Molecule Inhibitor Activates Apoptosis and Enhances Both Chemosensitivity and Radiosensitivity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2009)

Although most patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have favorable outcomes, some have advanced PTC that is refractory to external beam radiation and systemic chemotherapy. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with antiapoptotic activity that is consistently overexpressed in PTC. The purpose of this study is to determine if Gal-3 inhibition promotes apoptosis, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity in PTC. PTC cell lines (8505-C and TPC-1) and human ex vivo PTC were treated with a highly specific small molecule inhibitor of Gal-3 (Td131_1). Apoptotic activity was determined by flow cytometric analysis as well as caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Td131_1 and doxorubicin were determined, and their combined effects were measured to test for synergistic activity. The effects of Td131_1 on radiosensitivity were determined by a clonogenic assay. Td131_1 promoted apoptosis, improved radiosensitivity, and synergistically enhanced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in PTC cell lines. In PTC ex vivo, Td131_1 treatment alone induced the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Td131_1 and doxorubicin together activated apoptosis in PTC ex vivo to a greater degree than their combined individual effects. Td131_1 activated apoptosis and had synergistic activity with doxorubicin in PTC. We conclude that Gal-3 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced PTC that is refractory to surgery and radioactive iodine therapy.
Evaluation of Inducible Costimulator/B7-Related Protein-1 as a Therapeutic Target in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation (2003)

Given its primary role in the execution of T cell, and especially Th2, effector activity, the inducible costimulator (ICOS)/B7-related protein (RP)-1 costimulatory pathway is currently being heralded as a promising therapeutic target for immune-inflammatory disorders such as asthma. This study investigates the merits of ICOS blockade in a murine model of experimental asthma in which mice are sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) through the respiratory mucosa. Intraperitoneal treatment of mice with anti-ICOS neutralizing antibody during sensitization resulted in a marked reduction in airway eosinophilia and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage, but had no effect on interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and eotaxin content in bronchoalveolar lavage or the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in serum. Cultured splenocytes from mice sensitized to OVA in the context of ICOS ablation produced enhanced levels of IL-4 and IL-5 upon stimulation with OVA, and this correlated with elevated inflammation and immunoglobulin E secretion upon long-term in vivo OVA recall; the deleterious effects ICOS blockade, however, were not associated with reduced IL-10 production by splenocytes. Peculiarly, anti-ICOS intervention during OVA rechallenge had no effect on airway inflammation or immunoglobulin production, despite high levels of ICOS expression on infiltrating CD4+ T cells. This study provides in vivo evidence of an exacerbated long-term immune-inflammatory response following acute ICOS blockade, and suggests that ICOS costimulation is functionally redundant in established allergic disease.
H.323: the multimedia communications standard for local area networks (1996)

This article provides an overview of ITU-T Recommendation H.323, "Visual telephone systems and equipment for local area networks which provide a non-guaranteed quality of service." This recommendation applies to multimedia communications over packet-switched networks, such as Ethernet, which run TCP/IP, IXP/SPX, or other related protocols. In addition to the multimedia terminal, other H.323 components are defined which provide for conference admissions (gatekeeper), multipoint communications (multipoint controller, multipoint processor), and interoperability (gateway) with terminals on other types of networks. H.323 has application to a variety of network media, including local area networks, enterprise networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, dial-up line connections to LANs, and the Internet. This provides the capability to have global multimedia communications from the desktop using existing network infrastructures.
Melody Matching Directly From Audio (2001)

In this paper we explore a technique for content-based music retrieval using a continuous pitch contour derived from a recording of the audio query instead of a quantization of the query into discrete notes. Our system determines the pitch for each unit of time in the query and then uses a time-warping algorithm to match this string of pitches against songs in a database of MIDI files. This technique, while much slower at matching, is usually far more accurate than techniques based on discrete notes. It would be an ideal technique to use to provide the final ranking of candidate results produced by a faster but lest robust matching algorithm. 1.
Crystallization of diamond below 1 atm from carbon–metal mixtures (1993)

We report the result that various forms of solid carbon can be converted, essentially completely, to well crystallized diamond below atmospheric pressure if mixed with small amounts (ca. 1–10 wt.%) of metallic Mo (or Cu or Ni) and heated in a pure H2[or H2–(1%)CH4] plasma, excited typically in a 2.45 GHz microwave field at 600–1000 °C.
RTP Payload Format for PureVoice(tm) Audio (1999)

This document describes the RTP payload format for PureVoice(tm)
Audio. The packet format supports variable interleaving to reduce the
effect of packet loss on audio quality.
Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the ATPase Activity of Human Papillomavirus E1 Helicase (2003)

The Boehringer Ingelheim compound collection was screened for inhibitors of the ATPase activity of human papillomavirus E1 helicase to develop antiviral agents that inhibit human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA replication. This screen led to the discovery of (biphenyl-4-sulfonyl)acetic acid 1, which inhibits the ATPase activity of HPV type 6 E1 helicase with a low micromolar IC(50) value. A hit-to-lead exercise rapidly converted 1 into a low nanomolar lead series.
Optimal Classes of Chemotherapeutic Agents Sensitized by Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Akt In Vitro and In Vivo (2005)

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that transduces survival signals from survival/growth factors. Deregulation and signal imbalance in cancer cells make them prone to apoptosis. Upregulation or activation of Akt to aid the survival of cancer cells is a common theme in human malignancies. We have developed small-molecule Akt inhibitors that are potent and specific. These Akt inhibitors can inhibit Akt activity and block phosphorylation by Akt on multiple downstream targets in cells. Synergy in apoptosis induction was observed when Akt inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin or camptothecin. Akt inhibitor-induced enhancement of topoisomerase inhibitor cytotoxicity was also evident in long-term cell survival assay. Synergy with paclitaxel in apoptosis induction was evident in cells pretreated with paclitaxel, and enhancement of tumor delay by paclitaxel was demonstrated through cotreatment with Akt inhibitor Compound A (A-443654). Combination with other classes of chemotherapeutic agents did not yield any enhancement of cytotoxicity. These findings provide important guidance in selecting appropriate classes of chemotherapeutic agents for combination with Akt inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Characterization of the CO oxidation/H2 evolution system of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Role of a 22-kDa iron-sulfur protein in mediating electron transfer between carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. (1991)

The response of the membrane-associated carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Rhodospirillum rubrum to solubilization by detergents and organic solvents, the properties of solubilized CODH, and the mechanism for coupling CO oxidation to hydrogen evolution via a CO-induced hydrogenase activity have been investigated. The release of CODH by a variety of ionic and nonionic detergents occurs in a redox-dependent fashion: CODH is solubilized in the presence of low-potential reductants (dithionite, CO, and H2) but is resistant to solubilization from membranes prepared in the absence of reductant or membranes prepared in the presence of reductant and subsequently dye-oxidized. This redox-dependent response to detergent solubilization has been exploited to release CODH from the membranes in a purified state. CODH can also be solubilized from deoxycholate-washed membranes in a redox-independent manner with 20% ethanol. CODH solubilized by deoxycholate or ethanol, when purified to homogeneity by the protocol previously described for heat-solubilized CODH (Bonam, D., and Ludden, P. W. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 2980-2987), is associated with a previously unobserved 22-kDa protein. The 22-kDa protein can be dissociated from CODH with acetonitrile and can be reconstituted with CODH, after removal of acetonitrile, in a stoichiometric (1:1) fashion. The isolated 22-kDa protein contained 4.0 iron atoms, a reducible Fe-S center, and was O2- and heat-labile. The 22-kDa protein did not alter the catalytic properties of CODH as assayed in vitro with methyl viologen as the electron acceptor for CO oxidation, but was required for reconstituting CO oxidation to hydrogen evolution via the CO-induced membrane-bound hydrogenase. Other electron carrier proteins (ferredoxins and flavodoxin) were ineffective at coupling CO oxidation and hydrogen evolution. We conclude that the 22-kDa protein is a reversibly dissociable subunit of CODH tha mediates electron transfer to hydrogenase.
Protein Lysine Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Structure Activity Relationships of 2,4-Diamino-7-aminoalkoxy-quinazolines. (2010)

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a, which catalyzes methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9) and lysine 373 (K373) of p53, is overexpressed in human cancers. Genetic knockdown of G9a inhibits cancer cell growth, and the dimethylation of p53 K373 results in the inactivation of p53. Initial SAR exploration of the 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline template represented by 3a (BIX01294), a selective small molecule inhibitor of G9a and GLP, led to the discovery of 10 (UNC0224) as a potent G9a inhibitor with excellent selectivity. A high resolution X-ray crystal structure of the G9a-10 complex, the first cocrystal structure of G9a with a small molecule inhibitor, was obtained. On the basis of the structural insights revealed by this cocrystal structure, optimization of the 7-dimethylaminopropoxy side chain of 10 resulted in the discovery of 29 (UNC0321) (Morrison K(i) = 63 pM), which is the first G9a inhibitor with picomolar potency and the most potent G9a inhibitor to date.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Oxidation of 2,5‐Dimethylbiphenyl. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stat5 as a Target for Regulation by Extracellular Matrix (1995)

Transcription of tissue-specific genes in mammary gland requires signals from both prolactin and basement membrane. Here we address the mechanism by which this specialized extracellular matrix regulates transcription. Using mammary cell cultures derived from transgenic mice harboring the ovine beta-lactoglobulin gene, we show that either a basement membrane extract, or purified laminin-1, induced high levels of beta-lactoglobulin synthesis. It is known that prolactin signals through Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription). This transcription factor interacts with gamma-interferon activation site-related motifs within the beta-lactoglobulin promoter, which we show are required for matrix dependence of beta-lactoglobulin expression. The DNA binding activity of Stat5 was present only in extracts of mammary cells cultured on basement membrane, indicating that the activation state of Stat5 is regulated by the type of substratum the cell encounters. Thus, basement membrane controls transcription of milk protein genes through the Stat5-mediated prolactin signaling pathway, providing a molecular explanation for previous studies implicating extracellular matrix in the control of mammary differentiation.
Tumor detection with some 99mTc-labeled S-containing amino acids. (1984)

99mTc-labeled L-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, and S-carbamyl-L-cysteine were prepared and tested for effectiveness in gamma camera imaging and for bioradiodistribution in mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors. Among these labeled compounds, 99mTc-DL-homocysteine seems most promising for the nuclear medical imaging of tumors.
Silicon/Graphite Composite Electrodes for High-Capacity Anodes: Influence of Binder Chemistry on Cycling Stability (2008)

The binder's influence on the cycling stability of high-energy anodes for lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated. Varying the binder's nature strongly influences the composite electrode's performance on deep charging/discharging. If sodium-carboxymethylcellulose is used as binding agent, then a chemical bond between binder and silicon particles can be detected (attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Consequently, a reaction mechanism that describes a condensation reaction between the binder and the silicon particles is verbalized. It is shown that, not necessarily the binder's physical flexibility, but its chemical interaction with the active masses is the major claim leading to long-lasting reversible lithium uptake/release.
Optical wavelength conversion by electro-absorption modulators (2004)

All-optical wavelength conversion is one of the key technologies in future wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transparent photonic network. An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is one of promising candidates for optical nonlinear element to realize optical wavelength conversion due that it has fast absorption recovery in comparison to slow gain recovery of a semiconductor optical amplifier while it has moderate conversion efficiency in comparison to silica fibers or electro-optic dielectric materials. In this paper, cross-absorption modulation (XAM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) characteristics as well as absorption recovery time of EAM having multiple quantum well (MQW) absorption layer was quantitatively analyzed. Absorption recovery time less than 10 ps were achieved for the MQW EAM due to fast sweep-out of photogenerated carriers by the external electric field. The phase shift induced by 1.5 pJ pulse injection was about 0.2. All-optical 2R type wavelength converter using the MQW EAM in conjunction with delayed-interferometer was tested at bit-rate of 100 Gbit/s. Error-free conversion was successfully confirmed. The operable wavelength bandwidth was investigated at 40 Gbit/s. The bandwidth of 30 nm covering almost full C-band was confirmed. An electro-optical 3R type wavelength converter utilizing rf-driven EAM was also proposed and demonstrated. The intentionally added timing jitter onto the input signal was reduced with simultaneous contrast ratio improvement after the 3R wavelength conversion due to periodical gate closing by the rf-clock drive. These results show that EAM is suitable for optical wavelength conversion at bit-rate range of 40-100 Gbit/s with a reasonable conversion efficiency.
Power Semiconductor Devices: Theory and Applications (1999)

Properties of semiconductors elementary semiconductor structures devices, fabrication and their modelling power semiconductor device applications power diodes bipolar junction transistors thyristors - basic operating principles thyristor types and applications static induction power devices power MOSFETs power bipolar-MOS (BIPMOS) devices power modules and integrated structures conditions for reliable operation future materials and devices Appendix - the diffusion equation.
LRP1 Protects the Vasculature by Regulating Levels of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and HtrA1 (2013)

Our findings suggest a critical role for LRP1 in maintaining the integrity of vessels by regulating protease activity as well as matrix deposition by modulating HtrA1 and connective tissue growth factor protein levels. This study highlights 2 new molecules, connective tissue growth factor and HtrA1, which contribute to detrimental changes in the vasculature and, therefore, represent new target molecules for potential therapeutic intervention to maintain vessel wall homeostasis.
The main allergen of Olea europaea (Ole e I) is also present in other species of the oleaceae family (1993)

Three major pollen allergens from Fraxinus excelsior, Ligustrum vulgare and Syringa vulgaris belonging to the Oleaceae family were purified. Monoclonal antibodies previously raised against the main allergen of Olea europaea (Ole e I) were used for their purification by affinity chromatography. The three new purified allergens were able to bind human IgE from serum of olive-allergic patients in a way analogous to Ole e I. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis of the four allergens, using anti-olive extract rabbit serum, showed a unique immunoprecipitation arc with the same characteristics. The four purified proteins had similar molecular weights on SDS-PAGE and the N-terminal sequences for the first 20 amino acids were identical. Furthermore, the concentration of the allergens could be determined using a two-side solid phase assay previously developed for the allergen Ole e I. Our results indicate that the four purified proteins share, to a great extent, antigenic and allergenic epitopes leading to cross-reactivities which could cause common clinical manifestations. We propose for the newly purified allergens the nomenclature of Fra e I, Lig v I and Syr v I.
Materials growth and device characterization of InAs quantum dot lasers (2002)

Summary form only given. A new semiconductor laser design name has been proposed-the dots-in-a-well (DWELL) laser. Previous InGaAs QD laser research has described the use of InGaAs layers with various indium compositions around the dots. In this presentation, a systematic study of the DWELL approach is described. In the first part, the properties of InAs QD's grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in narrow, pseudomorphically strained InGaAs QW's are reported.
Derivatized dextrans mimic heparin as stabilizers, potentiators, and protectors of acidic or basic FGF (1992)

Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) belong to a family of structurally related polypeptides characterized by a high affinity for heparin. a and bFGF display mitogenic activity for many cell types. Biological activity is strongly potentiated by heparin which stabilizes their molecular conformation by preventing physicochemical or enzymatic degradation. In our previous study we have shown that a water-soluble derivatized dextran named DDE, containing 82.2% methyl carboxylic acid groups, 6.1% benzylamide, and 5.6% sulfonate with a specific anticoagulant activity equivalent to heparin of 0.5 IU/mg could potentiate the mitogenic activity of aFGF on CCL39 cells. Optimal concentrations for maximal potentiation of 400 micrograms/ml and 20 micrograms/ml were obtained respectively for DDE and heparin. In the present report, we have uncovered the fact that several carboxymethyl benzylamide sulfonate dextrans differing in degree and positioning of the substituent groups can mimic heparin in regard to the protection, stabilization, and potentiating effects with aFGF or bFGF. Our data establishes that the dextran derivatives studied can act as potentiating agents for FGFs. Native dextran (DDA) had no effect. Dextran derivatives can also protect aFGF and bFGF from heat as well as from pH denaturation, and against trypsic and chymotrypsic degradation. The dextran derivative DDI (82% methylcarboxylic acid, 23% benzylamide, 13% sulfonate) was studied in greater detail and exhibited a greater protection for bFGF and a lesser protecting effect for aFGF than heparin. Derivatized dextrans which have very weak anticoagulant activity are of great interest as alternatives to heparin for use as stabilizers, potentiators, protectants, and slow-release matrices for FGFs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Complement and Complement Targeting Therapies in Glomerular Diseases (2019)

The complement cascade is part of the innate immune system whose actions protect hosts from pathogens. Recent research shows complement involvement in a wide spectrum of renal disease pathogenesis including antibody-related glomerulopathies and non-antibody-mediated kidney diseases, such as C3 glomerular disease, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. A pivotal role in renal pathogenesis makes targeting complement activation an attractive therapeutic strategy. Over the last decade, a growing number of anti-complement agents have been developed; some are approved for clinical use and many others are in the pipeline. Herein, we review the pathways of complement activation and regulation, illustrate its role instigating or amplifying glomerular injury, and discuss the most promising novel complement-targeting therapies.
Sphingolipid metabolites differentially regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase and stress-activated protein kinase cascades (1996)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway serves to translocate information from activated plasma-membrane receptors to initiate nuclear transcriptional events. This cascade has recently been subdivided into two analogous pathways: the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade, which preferentially signals mitogenesis, and the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade, which is linked to growth arrest and/or cellular inflammation. In concurrent experiments utilizing rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs), we demonstrate that growth factors or sphingosine activate ERK but not SAPK. In contrast, inflammatory cytokines or cell-permeable ceramide analogues activate SAPK but not ERK. Ceramide, but not sphingosine, induces interleukin-6 secretion, a marker of an inflamed phenotype. Moreover, ceramide can suppress growth factor- or sphingosine-induced ERK activation as well as proliferation. These studies implicate sphingolipid metabolites as opposing regulators of cell proliferation and inflammation through activation of separate kinase cascades.
MUC5B Secretion is Up-Regulated in Sinusitis Compared with Controls (2006)

MUC5B secretion is significantly up-regulated in CRS compared with control subjects (p = 0.04). Correlation between viscosity and mucin content was lost in CRS. This is likely to have important implications for future therapies in CRS.
Deblending of Simulated Simultaneous Sources Using an Iterative Approach - an Experiment with Variable-depth Streamer Data (2013)

We have simulated a simultaneous source experiment with a real variable-depth streamer NAZ survey acquired in Brazil and applied an iterative separation flow using a hybrid of median and f-x projection filters for deblending. The results show little leakage after deblending in both near and far offsets while preserving the AVO characteristics. We have also performed Kirchhoff migration in order to examine the residual cross-talk in common image gathers after deblending. The results reveal little leakage, and the quality of the common image gathers is adequate for velocity model building. We also study how the existence of spatial aliasing when shots are coarsely sampled degrades the deblending quality. Lastly, the impact of firing multiple sources simultaneously to improve shot sampling is investigated.