gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lyme Borreliosis in Laboratory Animals: Effect of Host Species and in Vitro Passage of Borrelia burgdorferi (1990)

The susceptibility of several common laboratory animal species to a known pathogenic isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi (N40) was evaluated following intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of 10(6-8) spirochetes into 3-day-old Lewis rats, CD-1 mice, Syrian hamsters, and 3-week-old American Dutch rabbits. At 30 days, tissues were cultured for spirochetes and examined histologically. All species developed multisystemic infection as well as arthritis and carditis, but disease was most severe in rats and mice. In order to evaluate the effect of in vitro passage on the pathogenicity of B. burgdorferi, 3-day-old Lewis rats were inoculated ip with borreliae passaged in culture 2, 5, 11, 17, 21, 26, and 31 times, and evaluated at 30 days by culture, histology, and ELISA antibody titers. Based upon these parameters, B. burgdorferi (N40) lost its virulence at 17-21 passages. This study demonstrated that B. burgdorferi was infectious for infant rats, mice, hamsters, and 3-week-old rabbits, although pathogenicity was modulated by host species and the in vitro passage history of the spirochete. Of the 4 laboratory animal species evaluated in this study, rats and mice appear to have the most potential for further use as animal models of Lyme disease.
Übergang von der Chinoxalin zur Pyrazinereihe (1907)

Chinoxalin 2.3-Pyrazindicsl.bons~urewiirde oxydieren lassen.0. Hinsberg') gibt allerdings an, dab Chinoxalin gegeu Ox!- clationsmittel sehr bestandig sei.Diese Beobachtung
The Effect of Orchiectomy and Estrogens on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1972The Effect of Orchiectomy and Estrogens on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Earl F. Wendel, George E. Brannen, Paul B. Putong, and John T. Grayhack Earl F. WendelEarl F. Wendel , George E. BrannenGeorge E. Brannen , Paul B. PutongPaul B. Putong , and John T. GrayhackJohn T. Grayhack View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60657-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMarks L, Partin A, Gormley G, Dorey F, Shery E, Garris J, Subong E, Stoner E and deKernion J (2018) Prostate Tissue Composition and Response to Finasteride in Men With Symptomatic Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 6, (2171-2178), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1997.Tong-Long Lin A, Chen M, Chiang H, Yang C and Chang L (2018) Effect of Orchiectomy on the Alpha Adrenergic Contractile Response of Dog ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 154, NO. 5, (1930-1933), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1995.Daniell H (2018) More Stage a Prostatic Cancers, Less Surgery for Benign Hypertrophy in SmokersJournal of Urology, VOL. 149, NO. 1, (68-72), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1993.Bosch R, Griffiths D, Blom J and Schroeder F (2018) Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Androgen Deprivation: Effects on Prostate Size and Urodynamic ParametersJournal of Urology, VOL. 141, NO. 1, (68-72), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1989.Grayhack J, Lee C and Brand W (2018) The Effect of Testicular Irradiation on Established BPH in the Dog: Evidence of a Non-Steroidal Testicular Factor for BPH MaintenanceJournal of Urology, VOL. 134, NO. 6, (1276-1281), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1985. Volume 108Issue 1July 1972Page: 116-119 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Earl F. Wendel More articles by this author George E. Brannen More articles by this author Paul B. Putong More articles by this author John T. Grayhack More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Approach to Single Molecule Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS): A Study Using Rhodamine 6G on Colloidal Silver (1995)

We have measured surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra of rhodamine 6G (R6G) at concentrations as low as 8 × 10 −16 M in colloidal silver solution activated by NaCl ions. The spectra were measured with a fiber-optic probe using the 514.5-nm argon-ion laser line as excitation source and a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detection system. The correlation of SERRS photo counts and R6G concentration was found to be linear between 8 × 10 −11 and 8 × 10 −14 M concentrations within our experimental accuracy. Experiments conducted with small scattering volumes show that fewer than 100 R6G molecules are sufficient to give rise to a SERRS spectrum with reasonable signal-to-noise ratio. These results demonstrate that in certain cases SERRS can achieve detection limits comparable to those for fluorescence spectroscopy, and at the same time provides higher structural specificity than fluorescence. The possibilities of using SERRS for single molecule detection are discussed.
Heteroepitaxial ultrafine wire-like growth of InAs on GaAs substrates (1991)

We demonstrate heteroepitaxial ultrafine wire-like growth of InAs. Ultrafine InAs whiskers with diameters less than 20 nm are grown selectively on SiO2-patterned GaAs substrates using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. These InAs nanowhiskers grow epitaxially with a growth axis parallel to the 〈111〉As dangling bond direction of the GaAs substrate surface irrespective of substrate orientation.
Efficient Fast 1-D 8$\,\times\,$8 Inverse Integer Transform for VC-1 Application (2009)

In this paper, the one-dimensional (1-D) fast 8times8 inverse integer transform algorithm for Windows Media Video 9 (WMV-9/VC-1) is proposed. Based on the symmetric property of the integer transform matrix and the matrix operations, which denote the row/column permutations and the matrix decompositions, the efficient fast 1-D 8times8 inverse integer transform is developed. Therefore, the computational complexities of the proposed fast inverse transform are smaller than those of the direct method and the previous fast method. With low complexity, the proposed fast algorithm is suitable to accelerate the video coding computations.
MDR1 Gene Expression and Treatment Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1991)

To prospectively assess the role of MDR1 gene expression in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), levels of MDR1 RNA in blast cells were determined at diagnosis and correlated with treatment outcome in 63 patients. MDR1 RNA levels were negative in 29% and positive in 71% of the patients. The complete remission rate in response to induction chemotherapy was 89% for MDR1 RNA-negative patients and 53% for MDR1 RNA-positive patients (P = .008). Expression of the MDR1 gene was observed in most patients who died early or had resistant disease. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a decrease in both disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with detectable MDR1 gene expression compared with the disease-free survival and overall survival of MDR1 RNA-negative patients (P = .029 and P = .009, respectively). These data indicate that MDR1 gene expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor and suggest that multidrug resistance is important in AML.
Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis in human monocytes: potential role of IL-1 beta. (1999)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that act on a variety of immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. However, the exact cellular mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory capacity are still unknown. In our study, we determined the induction of apoptosis by GC in human monocytes. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by density centrifugation methods with a purity of >90% and were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium. Monocyte apoptosis was determined by four independent methods, including annexin-V staining, TUNEL, DNA-laddering, and typical morphology by means of transmission electron microscopy. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were measured by ELISA. GC receptor was blocked with mifepristone. Caspase 3 was inhibited with caspase-3 inhibitor (DEVD-CHO). Stimulation with different GC at therapeutic concentrations resulted in monocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Necrosis was excluded by propidium iodide staining. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were down-regulated by GC treatment. Continuous treatment of monocytes with IL-1beta, but not with TNF-alpha, could almost completely prevent GC-induced cell death. The addition of mifepristone or caspase-3 inhibitor could partially abrogate GC-induced apoptosis as well as GC-induced inhibition of IL-1beta. This is the first study to demonstrate induction of apoptosis by GC in human monocytes. GC-induced monocyte apoptosis may be partially mediated through effects on IL-1beta production. It is conceivable that GC exert their anti-inflammatory capacity in various diseases, at least in part, by the induction of apoptosis in monocytes.
Active involvement of Robo1 and Robo4 in filopodia formation and endothelial cell motility mediated via WASP and other actin nucleation‐promoting factors (2008)

This study aimed to further elucidate the function of Roundabout proteins in endothelium. We show that both Robo1 and Robo4 are present in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and have knocked expression down using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Roundabout knockout endothelial cells were then studied in a variety of in vitro assays. We also performed a yeast 2-hybrid analysis using the intracellular domain of Robo4 as bait to identify interacting proteins and downstream signaling. Both Robo1 and Robo4 siRNA knockdown and transfection of Robo4-green fluorescent protein inhibited endothelial cell movement and disrupted tube formation on Matrigel. Consistent with a role in regulating cell movement, yeast 2-hybrid and glutathione-S-transferase pulldown analyses show Robo4 binding to a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and WASP-interacting protein actin-nucleating complex. We have further shown that Robo1 forms a heterodimeric complex with Robo4, and that transfection of Robo4GFP into HUVECs induces filopodia formation. We finally show using Robo1 knockdown cells that Robo1 is essential for Robo4-mediated filopodia induction. Our results favor a model whereby Slit2 binding to a Robo1/Robo4 heterodimer activates actin nucleation-promoting factors to promote endothelial cell migration.
Simulation, verification and automated composition of web services (2002)

Web services -- Web-accessible programs and devices - are a key application area for the Semantic Web. With the proliferation of Web services and the evolution towards the Semantic Web comes the opportunity to automate various Web services tasks. Our objective is to enable markup and automated reasoning technology to describe, simulate, compose, test, and verify compositions of Web services. We take as our starting point the DAML-S DAML+OIL ontology for describing the capabilities of Web services. We define the semantics for a relevant subset of DAML-S in terms of a first-order logical language. With the semantics in hand, we encode our service descriptions in a Petri Net formalism and provide decision procedures for Web service simulation, verification and composition. We also provide an analysis of the complexity of these tasks under different restrictions to the DAML-S composite services we can describe. Finally, we present an implementation of our analysis techniques. This implementation takes as input a DAML-S description of a Web service, automatically generates a Petri Net and performs the desired analysis. Such a tool has broad applicability both as a back end to existing manual Web service composition tools, and as a stand-alone tool for Web service developers.
Long-term memory underlying hippocampus-dependent social recognition in mice (2000)

The ability to learn and remember individuals is critical for the stability of social groups. Social recognition reflects the ability of mice to identify and remember conspecifics. Social recognition is assessed as a decrease in spontaneous investigation behaviors observed in a mouse reexposed to a familiar conspecific. Our results demonstrate that group-housed mice show social memory for a familiar juvenile when tested immediately, 30 min, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after a single 2-min-long interaction. Interestingly, chronic social isolation disrupts long-term, but not 30-min, social memory. Even a 24-h period of isolation disrupts long-term social memory, a result that may explain why previous investigators only observed short-term social memory in individually housed rodents. Although it has no obvious configural, relational, or spatial characteristics, here we show that social memory shares characteristics of other hippocampus-dependent memories. Ibotenic acid lesions of the hippocampus disrupt social recognition at 30 min, but not immediately after training. Furthermore, long-term, but not short-term social memory is dependent on protein synthesis and cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) function. These results outline behavioral, systems, and molecular determinants of social recognition in mice, and they suggest that it is a powerful paradigm to investigate hippocampal learning and memory.
5-HT released by mucosal stimuli initiates peristalsis by activating 5-HT4/5-HT1p receptors on sensory CGRP neurons (1996)

The intestinal peristaltic reflex can be elicited by mucosal stimulation or circular muscle stretch. Muscle stretch activates extrinsic, whereas mucosal stimulation activates intrinsic calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing sensory neurons. The present study examined the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in sensory transmission. A three-compartment preparation of rat colon was used that enables separate measurement of sensory transmitters and modulators. Mucosal stimuli (2-8 brush strokes) caused concurrent increase in 5-HT and CGRP release in proportion to the intensity of stimulation. Release of both 5-HT and CGRP occurred exclusively into the central compartment where the stimuli were applied. Exogenous 5-HT caused a concentration-dependent release of CGRP. Release of CGRP induced by exogenous 5-HT or mucosal stimulation was inhibited by selective 5-HT4 and 5-HT1p antagonists but was not affected by 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 antagonists. Ascending contraction and descending relaxation of circular muscle measured in the peripheral orad and caudad compartments, respectively, were also selectively inhibited by 5-HT4 and 5-HT1p antagonists added to the central but not peripheral compartments. In contrast, muscle stretch elicited CGRP but not 5-HT release; the ascending contraction and descending relaxation components of the peristaltic reflex induced by muscle stretch were not affected by 5-HT antagonists. We conclude that 5-HT released by mucosal stimulation initiates the peristaltic reflex by activating 5-HT4/5-HT1p receptors on sensory CGRP-containing neurons.
Effect of asymmetric centers on free radical polymerization and the properties of polymers: Methacrylyl alanine, methacrylyl glutamic acid, acrylyl glutamic acid, and their polymers (1961)

Abstract Methacrylyl‐D‐alanine, methacrylyl‐L‐glutamic acid, and acrylyl‐L‐glutamic acid were homopolymerized or copolymerized with their enantiomorphs in dioxane, aqueous 0.1 N HCl, and in water at 90% neutralization of the monomer. The homopolymerization of the optical isomer and copolymerization of racemic mixtures proceeded at identical rates for the first two monomers at 90% neutralization and for methacrylalanine in 0.1 N HCl and in butanol, while with methacrylyl glutamic acid in 0.1 N HCl the racemic monomer polymerized slightly more slowly than the pure optical isomer. The optical activities of the homopolymers in water varied with the polymerization medium, probably because of differences in the degree of stereoregulation. Optical activities of copolymers prepared from a mixture of the enantiomorphic monomers containing 85% of L and 15% of D isomer were mostly lower than 70% of that of the L homopolymer, which suggests that the growing chain radical has a bias toward an alternation of the steric configurations of the monomer units. Changes in the optical activities of the homopolymers with degree of ionization were compared with the behavior of pivalyl‐L‐alanine, pivalyl‐L‐glutamic acid, and isobutyryl‐L‐glutamic acid. Poly(methacrylyl‐D‐alanine) behaved in a manner similar to that of its analogue, but the changes in the optical activities of the methacrylyl‐ and acrylyl glutamic acid polymers followed a complex pattern quite different from that of their analogues. The results were interpreted on the assumption that ( 1 ) in the polymer the intrinsically more weakly acidic γ carboxyls ionize first since their ionization leads to a lower charge density than the ionization of α‐carboxyl groups and ( 2 ) the extension of the polymer backbone affects the optical activity by modifying the conformational distribution in the side chains. It is not believed that, in the cases investigated, helix formation makes an appreciable contribution to the difference between the optical activities of the polymer and their analogues.
Analysis of random processes via And-Or tree evaluation (1998)

We introduce a new set of probabilistic analysis tools based on the analysis of And-Or trees with random inputs. These tools provide a unifying, intuitive, and powerful framework for carrying out the analysis of several previously studied random processes of interest, including random loss-resilient codes, solving random k-SAT formula using the pure literal rule, and the greedy algorithm for matchings in random graphs. In addition, these tools allow generalizations of these problems not previously analyzed to be analyzed in a straightforward manner. We illustrate our methodology on the three problems listed above
TACI, unlike BAFF-R, is solely activated by oligomeric BAFF and APRIL to support survival of activated B cells and plasmablasts (2007)

The cytokine BAFF binds to the receptors TACI, BCMA, and BAFF-R on B cells, whereas APRIL binds to TACI and BCMA only. The signaling properties of soluble trimeric BAFF (BAFF 3-mer) were compared with those of higher-order BAFF oligomers. All forms of BAFF bound BAFF-R and TACI, and elicited BAFF-R-dependent signals in primary B cells. In contrast, signaling through TACI in mature B cells or plasmablasts was only achieved by higher-order BAFF and APRIL oligomers, all of which were also po-tent activators of a multimerization-dependent reporter signaling pathway. These results indicate that, although BAFF-R and TACI can provide B cells with similar signals, only BAFF-R, but not TACI, can respond to soluble BAFF 3-mer, which is the main form of BAFF found in circulation. BAFF 60-mer, an efficient TACI agonist, was also detected in plasma of BAFF transgenic and nontransgenic mice and was more than 100-fold more active than BAFF 3-mer for the activation of multimerization-dependent signals. TACI supported survival of activated B cells and plasmablasts in vitro, providing a rational basis to explain the immunoglobulin deficiency reported in TACI-deficient persons.
Pancreatic cancer: a report of treatment and survival trends for 100,313 patients diagnosed from 1985–1995, using the National Cancer Database11No competing interests declared. (1999)

Overall survival rates for pancreatic cancer have not changed in 2 decades. A small minority of patients presented with limited, resectable disease, but the best survival rates per stage were achieved after surgical resection. Five-year survival rates after resection reported herein corroborated the improved survival rates of more recent large, single institution studies.
Dependence of reconstructed image characteristics on the observation condition in light-in-flight recording by holography (2005)

We analyze the dependence of the reconstructed image characteristic on the observation condition in the light-in-flight recording by holography both theoretically and experimentally. This holography makes it possible to record a propagating light pulse. We have found that the shape of the reconstructed image is changed when the observation position is vertically moved along the hologram plane. The reconstructed image is numerically simulated on the basis of the theory and is experimentally obtained by using a 373 fs pulsed laser. The numerical results agree with the experimental result, and the validity of the theory is verified. Also, experimental results are analyzed and the restoration of the reconstructed image is discussed.
Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers (2015)

Guest editors Anne-Marie Caminade, Deyue Yan and David K. Smith introduce the Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers issue of <italic>Chemical Society Reviews</italic>
Augmenting recommender systems by embedding interfaces into practices (1999)

Automated collaborative filtering systems promote the creation of a meta-layer of information, which describes users' evaluations of the quality and relevance of information items like scientific papers, books, and movies. A rich meta-layer is required, in order to elaborate statistically good predictions of the interest of the information items; the number of users' contributing to the feedback is a vital aspect for these systems to produce good prediction quality. The work presented here, first analyses the issues around recommendation collection then proposes a set of design principles aimed at improving the collection of recommendations. Finally, it presents how these principles have been implemented in one real usage setting.
On the MSI mitigation for MIMO UWB time reversal systems (2009)

A Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) communication system with Time Reversal (TR) is investigated in this paper. The system uses spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme to achieve high data rate. In order to cope with long delay spread of the UWB channel, time reversal technique is adopted at transmitter. Later a Multi Stream Interference (MSI) mitigation algorithm based on Zero Forcing (ZF) is proposed. The proposed ZF algorithm requires the knowledge of the channel state information (CSI), which is already available for time reversal at tranmitter. Simulation results show that the algorithm can considerably improve the BER performance of the system when the number of data streams is large (ges 3). This paper focuses on MIMO single user cases, however, the proposed MIMO-TR-UWB can be also extended to MIMO broadcasting system.
Variable‐Temperature Ion‐Exchanged Engineered Stress Profile (ESP) Glasses (2003)

A variable–temperature ion–exchange process was developed to produce strengthened glasses with decreased strength variability. By introducing a high–temperature step into the normal ion–exchange process, the strength variability was greatly decreased (∼60%) with only about 10% loss in the average strength. The surface damage resistance was also studied using indentation strength tests, and, again, there was a significant improvement compared with the traditional ion–exchange (isothermal) process. Stress profiles in isothermal and variable–temperature ion–exchanged glasses were measured using an optical method. The strength and strength variability of ion–exchanged glass predicted from the measured stress profiles agreed with the experimental strength data.