gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of high dietary concentrations of glyphosate (roundup®) on a species of bird, marsupial and rodent indigenous to Australia (1986)

Abstract Five zebra finches, Poephila guttata (Gould), allowed unrestricted access to seed containing 5,000 μg glyphosate/g all died in 3 to 7 d, but they may well have died from starvation since their food consumption was drastically reduced. Six finches survived after ingesting seed containing 2,500 μg glyphosate/g for 5 d. The marsupial Sminthopsis macroura (Gould), and two species of hopping-mouse, Notomys alexis Thomas and Notomys mitchelli (Ogilby) (N = 5 controls and 5 treated, for each species) survived on a diet in which the concentration of glyphosate was increased from 625 μg/g to 5,000 μg/g by doubling the concentration of glyphosate in the food every few days during a 23-d period. The only toxic effect observed in the mammals was a marked body weight loss in the treated N. alexis. The data indicate that glyphosate for these four species is in the probably not toxic to slightly toxic category for rating the relative acute toxicity of chemicals.
A Multi-Link-Flexible Robot Arm Catching Thrown Balls (2012)

The contribution proposes a control architecture, which enables a multi-link-flexible robot arm under gravitational influence to catch multiple balls sequentially thrown by a human. A net at the end-effector is utilized to intercept the balls when they pass the vertically oriented robot plane of motion. The ball detection, tracking as well as the prediction of the ball intercept location is based on a wall-mounted Kinect RGB-D sensor. Previously caught balls represent a varying payload, which induces also dynamic disturbances due to the pendulum motion. These disturbances as well as the coupled flexible-link vibrations are damped with a model free independent joint controller. The inverse kinematics approach is based on neural networks and augmented by an online payload estimation.
Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in the CO2 Absorption Process Using Aqueous Amine Solutions (1999)

The present study provides comprehensive information on the effects of process parameter variations on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2 absorption systems using aqueous amine solutions. The process parameters of interest are amine type, concentration of the amine solutions, solution temperature, CO2 loading, and oxygen content. An electrochemical testing technique was used for determining the system corrosiveness in terms of polarization behavior and corrosion rate. The experimental results suggest that the corrosion behavior is considerably sensitive to the variations in the process parameters. Increases in amine concentration, solution temperature, CO2 loading, and oxygen content accelerate the corrosion rate in the systems. In addition, different amine types yield different degrees of the system corrosiveness. Comparisons of the corrosiveness among single amine systems as well as between mixed amine systems and their precursors are also presented.
Further study of internal autocrine regulation of multipotent hematopoietic cells (1993)

We have extended the study of the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on hematopoietic colony formation to include the effects of antisense to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on bone marrow cultures. GM-CSF antisense and GM-CSF receptor antisense cause an increase in mixed erythroid:nonerythroid colonies and a decrease in mixed nonerythroid colonies, which is an effect opposite to that described previously for erythropoietin (Epo) and Epo receptor antisense. The effect of GM-CSF antisense oligomer is not abrogated by the presence of the ligand in the culture. Antisense oligomers to G-CSF and M-CSF have no effect. When Epo and GM-CSF antisense oligomers are added simultaneously, the effects seem to be independent, with the GM-CSF antisense predominating. These data support the hypothesis of internal autocrine regulation of multipotent hematopoietic precursor cells, and extend the concept to myeloid as well as erythroid differentiation.
Overexpression of Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 (Slc16a1) in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells Leads to Relative Hyperinsulinism During Exercise (2012)

Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (EIHI) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion in response to vigorous physical exercise or pyruvate injection. Activating mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) promoter have been linked to EIHI. Expression of this pyruvate transporter is specifically repressed (disallowed) in pancreatic β-cells, despite nearly universal expression across other tissues. It has been impossible to determine, however, whether EIHI mutations cause MCT1 expression in patient β-cells. The hypothesis that MCT1 expression in β-cells is sufficient to cause EIHI by allowing entry of pyruvate and triggering insulin secretion thus remains unproven. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse capable of doxycycline-induced, β-cell-specific overexpression of MCT1 to test this model directly. MCT1 expression caused isolated islets to secrete insulin in response to pyruvate, without affecting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In vivo, transgene induction lowered fasting blood glucose, mimicking EIHI. Pyruvate challenge stimulated increased plasma insulin and smaller excursions in blood glucose in transgenic mice. Finally, in response to exercise, transgene induction prevented the normal inhibition of insulin secretion. Forced overexpression of MCT1 in β-cells thus replicates the key features of EIHI and highlights the importance of this transporter's absence from these cells for the normal control of insulin secretion.
Shape control in gold nanoparticle synthesis (2008)

In this tutorial review, we summarise recent research into the controlled growth of gold nanoparticles of different morphologies and discuss the various chemical mechanisms that have been proposed to explain anisotropic growth. With the overview and discussion, we intended to select those published procedures that we consider more reliable and promising for synthesis of morphologies of interest. We expect this to be interesting to researchers in the wide variety of fields that can make use of metal nanoparticles.
Laser-based displays: a review (2010)

After the invention of lasers, in the past 50 years progress made in laser-based display technology has been very promising, with commercial products awaiting release to the mass market. Compact laser systems, such as edge-emitting diodes, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and optically pumped semiconductor lasers, are suitable candidates for laser-based displays. Laser speckle is an important concern, as it degrades image quality. Typically, one or multiple speckle reduction techniques are employed in laser displays to reduce speckle contrast. Likewise, laser safety issues need to be carefully evaluated in designing laser displays under different usage scenarios. Laser beam shaping using refractive and diffractive components is an integral part of laser displays, and the requirements depend on the source specifications, modulation technique, and the scanning method being employed in the display. A variety of laser-based displays have been reported, and many products such as pico projectors and laser televisions are commercially available already.
Bispecific F(ab' gamma)2 antibody for the delivery of saporin in the treatment of lymphoma. (1988)

This work describes the successful use of bispecific F(ab' gamma)2 antibody (Ab) in combination with a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), saporin, for the treatment of neoplastic disease in vivo. A total of three thioether-linked F(ab' gamma)2 heterodimers were prepared, each having dual specificities for saporin and the guinea pig lymphoblastic leukemia, L2C. In all three cases specificity for the L2C cells was provided by a high affinity mouse anti-idiotype (anti-Id) mAb, whereas the antisaporin activity came from either one of two mouse mAb or an affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal Ab. In vitro studies, measuring protein synthesis, showed that all three derivatives were extremely efficient at delivering saporin to L2C cells, to the extent that addition of the rabbit Fab' gamma-containing bispecific Ab to cell culture at 1 microgram/ml increased the toxicity of saporin (50% inhibiting concentration) by close to 90,000-fold. Similarly, in leukemic guinea pigs, a small dose of saporin (10 micrograms) which by itself showed no therapeutic effect, was able to completely eradicate Id-positive tumor when given in combination with an excess of bispecific Ab. Although tumors did eventually emerge in most of these animals, immunofluorescence analysis showed that in almost all instances the escaping cells were Id- variants of the L2C. Experiments to define the optimal treatment regimen in this model showed that, although the administration of saporin and bispecific Ab at separate sites could be therapeutically effective, mixing the Ab and saporin to form immune complexes before injection did generally enhance their performance. A molar surplus of bispecific Ab in these mixtures both extended the metabolic survival of the saporin and enhanced the therapeutic performance, with molar ratios above 3:1 generally being required for optimum treatment when using saporin at 10 micrograms. Derivatives containing polyclonal antisaporin were more efficient than those containing mAb, yielding optimum therapeutic results with a molar ratio of 1.5:1 when combined with 10 micrograms saporin. These findings have shown that bispecific F(ab' gamma)2 Ab, as well as being straightforward to prepare, can also function as an extremely efficient vector for delivering cytotoxic agents such as ribosome-inactivating protein to unwanted cells in vivo.
Canine Parainfluenza-Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine: Immunogenicity (1981)

The immunogenicity and safety of 3 serials of a canine parainfluenza (CPI) virus-Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine was evaluated. Each serial was used to vaccinate 10 dogs with single doses given intranasally. The 30 vaccinated and 10 nonvaccinated controls dogs were challenge exposed with aerosols of virulent CPI virus and B bronchiseptica at 18 days and at 21 days, respectively, after vaccination. After challenge exposure, none of the 30 vaccinated dogs had clinical signs of disease; however, 9 of the 10 nonvaccinated dogs developed coughing problems. The CPI virus was isolated from nasal swab specimens obtained from nonvaccinated dogs on an average of 5.1 days after challenge exposure, but was not isolated from any of the specimens obtained from the vaccinated dogs. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from nasal swab specimens obtained from both vaccinated and nonvaccinated dogs up to 18 days after challenge exposure. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates and total leukocyte counts for control dogs were generally increased, in contrast to those for the vaccinated groups. Dogs showed a primary serologic response to CPI virus and B bronchiseptica after vaccination and an anamnestic response to the bacterium after challenge exposure. Adverse local or systemic reactions attributable to the bivalent vaccine were not observed in the vaccinated dogs.
Improved Decoding Algorithm of Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation for LDPC Code (2010)

Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), which has been proven to be powerful when applied in low-density parity-check (LDPC) sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoder, is a bandwidth efficient coding scheme. However, the BICM-SPA decoder does not take the statistical dependencies between bits from the same <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> -ary modulated symbol into account so that it cannot converge to the maximum a-posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithm. In this paper, an improved SPA decoding algorithm for the LDPC code, which combines decoding and demodulation, is proposed. The proposed decoding algorithm, referred to as the BICM-ISPA, is based on generalized distributive law and derived from the generalized symbol SPA under certain rational assumptions. And the BICM-ISPA can asymptotically converge to the MAP decoding solution algorithm. Simulation results show that the BICM-ISPA decoder jointly optimizes the decoding error performance and the computational complexity of the LDPC code over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. Compared with the BICM-SPA decoder, the advantage of the BICM-ISPA is quite significant with a large modulation size and in the scenario where Gray mapping cannot be used.
Polycyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts. III (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolycyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts. IIIF. F. Blicke and Eric B. HotellingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5099–5103Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01649a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of mitogenesis, motogenesis, and tubulogenesis by hepatocyte growth factor in renal collecting duct cells (1994)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been implicated in branching tubulogenesis of the developing kidney and in response to renal injury. We therefore examined the effects of response to renal injury. We therefore examined the effects of HGF on a recently described murine inner medullary collecting duct epithelial cell line (mIMCD-3 cells) in comparison with Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. HGF induced mitosis, scattering, and tubulogenesis in both mIMCD-3 cells and MDCK cells. However, mIMCD-3 cells underwent branching tubulogenesis under matrix conditions that did not support these morphogenetic changes in MDCK cells, suggesting substantial differences in regulation of tubulogenesis in these two cell types. In quiescent mIMCD-3 cells, the high-affinity receptor for HGF, c-met, was expressed in a nonphosphorylated state. After stimulation with HGF, there was a > 10-fold increase in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and selective association with at least two intracellular proteins, including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Thus mIMCD-3 cells, which undergo HGF-dependent mitosis, scattering, and branching tubulogenesis, express the c-met receptor in a highly regulated state and therefore should make an excellent model for examining the mechanisms of HGF-dependent tubulogenesis in the renal collecting duct.
Molecular adaptations of neuromuscular disease‐associated proteins in response to eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle (2002)

The molecular events by which eccentric muscle contractions induce muscle damage and remodelling remain largely unknown. We assessed whether eccentric exercise modulates the expression of proteinases (calpains 1, 2 and 3, proteasome, cathepsin B+L), muscle structural proteins (alpha-sarcoglycan and desmin), and the expression of the heat shock proteins Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from twelve healthy male volunteers were obtained before, immediately after, and 1 and 14 days after a 30 min downhill treadmill running exercise. Eccentric exercise induced muscle damage as evidenced by the analysis of muscle pain and weakness, creatine kinase serum activity, myoglobinaemia and ultrastructural analysis of muscle biopsies. The calpain 3 mRNA level was decreased immediately after exercise whereas calpain 2 mRNA level was increased at day 1. Both mRNA levels returned to control values by day 14. By contrast, cathepsin B+L and proteasome enzyme activities were increased at day 14. The alpha-sarcoglycan protein level was decreased immediately after exercise and at day 1, whereas the desmin level peaked at day 14. alphaB-crystallin and Hsp27 protein levels were increased at days 1 and 14. Our results suggest that the differential expression of calpain 2 and 3 mRNA levels may be important in the process of exercise-induced muscle damage, whereas expression of alpha-sarcoglycan, desmin, alphaB-crystallin and Hsp27 may be essentially involved in the subsequent remodelling of myofibrillar structure. This remodelling response may limit the extent of muscle damage upon a subsequent mechanical stress.
Differential subcellular localization of cholesterol, gangliosides, and glycosaminoglycans in murine models of mucopolysaccharide storage disorders (2004)

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a complex family of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by failure to degrade heparan sulfate (HS) and/or other types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) secondary to the absence of specific lysosomal enzymes. An accompanying storage of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), most notably GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, has also been documented to occur in many types of MPS disease and is believed to be caused by secondary inhibition of GSL-degradative enzymes by intracellular GAG accumulation. We have documented the presence of secondary ganglioside accumulation in mouse models of several MPS disorders (types I, IIIA, IIIB, and VII) and report that this storage is accompanied by sequestration of free cholesterol in a manner similar to that observed in primary gangliosidoses. Using confocal microscopy, we evaluated the cellular distribution of cholesterol, GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, and HS in brains of mice with MPS IIIA disease. Unexpectedly, we found that although both gangliosides often accumulated in the same neurons, they were consistently located in separate populations of cytoplasmic vesicles. Additionally, GM3 ganglioside only partially co-localized with the primary storage material (HS), and cholesterol likewise only partially co-localized with the GM2 and GM3 gangliosides. These findings raise significant questions about the mechanism(s) responsible for secondary accumulation of storage materials in MPS disease. Furthermore, given that GSLs and cholesterol are constituents of membrane rafts believed critical in signal transduction events in neurons, their co-sequestration in individual neurons suggests the presence of defects in the composition, trafficking, and/or recycling of raft components and thus possible new mechanisms to explain neuronal dysfunction in MPS disorders.
Magnetic micropatterning of FeNi/FeMn exchange bias bilayers by ion irradiation (2001)

Ion irradiation is an excellent tool to modify magnetic properties on the submicrometer scale, without modification of the sample topography. We utilize this effect to magnetically pattern exchange bias double layers using resist masks patterned by electron-beam lithography. Ion irradiation through the masks leads to a lateral modification of the magnetization reversal behavior and allows one to study the magnetization reversal as a function of the exchange bias field strength on a single sample. Results are presented on the macroscopic and microscopic magnetization reversal using the magneto-optic Kerr effect and magnetic force microscopy, respectively.
Suppression of Hyaluronan Synthesis Alleviates Inflammatory Responses in Murine Arthritis and in Human Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts (2013)

Reduced disease activity induced by 4-MU in mice with CIA revealed HA to be a crucial regulator in the course of arthritis. Therefore, 4-MU is a potential therapeutic agent in arthritis, and its inhibitory mechanism is possibly mediated by suppression of HA synthesis.
Experimental and Monte Carlo studies of diffraction grating inscription in DNA-based materials (2007)

DNA-based materials offer new possibilities for holographic information inscription for photonic applications, in particular because of a very short operational time. Recent results for dynamic holographic recording/erasure of gratings in DR1:DNA-CTMA thin films are presented. We discuss the possibilities and perspectives of numerical modelling of underlying fast "microscopic" physical processes, in a framework of a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method developed recently for studies of various aspects of inscription/erasure of gratings in azopolymers with doped and functionalized dyes.
Intrinsically disordered linkers determine the interplay between phase separation and gelation in multivalent proteins (2017)

Phase transitions of linear multivalent proteins control the reversible formation of many intracellular membraneless bodies. Specific non-covalent crosslinks involving domains/motifs lead to system-spanning networks referred to as gels. Gelation transitions can occur with or without phase separation. In gelation driven by phase separation multivalent proteins and their ligands condense into dense droplets, and gels form within droplets. System spanning networks can also form without a condensation or demixing of proteins into droplets. Gelation driven by phase separation requires lower protein concentrations, and seems to be the biologically preferred mechanism for forming membraneless bodies. Here, we use coarse-grained computer simulations and the theory of associative polymers to uncover the physical properties of intrinsically disordered linkers that determine the extent to which gelation of linear multivalent proteins is driven by phase separation. Our findings are relevant for understanding how sequence-encoded information in disordered linkers influences phase transitions of multivalent proteins.
IONet: Learning to Cure the Curse of Drift in Inertial Odometry (2018)

Inertial sensors play a pivotal role in indoor localization, which in turn lays the foundation for pervasive personal applications. However, low-cost inertial sensors, as commonly found in smartphones, are plagued by bias and noise, which leads to unbounded growth in error when accelerations are double integrated to obtain displacement. Small errors in state estimation propagate to make odometry virtually unusable in a matter of seconds. We propose to break the cycle of continuous integration, and instead segment inertial data into independent windows. The challenge becomes estimating the latent states of each window, such as velocity and orientation, as these are not directly observable from sensor data. We demonstrate how to formulate this as an optimization problem, and show how deep recurrent neural networks can yield highly accurate trajectories, outperforming state-of-the-art shallow techniques, on a wide range of tests and attachments. In particular, we demonstrate that IONet can generalize to estimate odometry for non-periodic motion, such as a shopping trolley or baby-stroller, an extremely challenging task for existing techniques.