gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Thermotropic Dyes Based on Amino-Substituted Perylendicarboximides (2000)

We report on an facile multigram synthesis of novel thermotropic dyes. When these dyes are heated they undergo an irreversible change from a photostable primary color to a photostable secondary color. Our concept is based on thermally initiated fragmentation to afford a chromophore with a donor and an acceptor substituent. We used thermally unstable alkoxycarbonyl substituents as masking groups for the strong electron-donating primary amino group attached to a perylenedicarboximide chromophore. On heating the alkoxycarbonylated dyes, the parent primary amino-functionalized dyes are regenerated in almost quantitative yield by elimination of an alkene and carbon dioxide. This process is accompanied by a large bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum. Variations in the alkoxycarbonyl substitution lead to different reaction temperatures for the color change in this class of materials. The synthetic route used for the amino-functionalized perylene imide dyes involves the palladium-catalyzed amination of bromo-substituted precursors.
Reactions and Kinetics of Unsaturated C2 Hydrocarbon Radicals (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 for rapid neutralization testing and screening of anti-infective drugs for COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract A high-throughput platform would greatly facilitate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) serological testing and antiviral screening. Here we present a high-throughput nanoluciferase severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2-Nluc) that is genetically stable and replicates similarly to the wild-type virus in cell culture. SARS-CoV-2-Nluc can be used to measure neutralizing antibody activity in patient sera within 5 hours, and it produces results in concordance with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Additionally, using SARS-CoV-2-Nluc infection of A549 cells expressing human ACE2 receptor (A549-hACE2), we show that the assay can be used for antiviral screening. Using the optimized SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay, we evaluate a panel of antivirals and other anti-infective drugs, and we identify nelfinavir, rupintrivir, and cobicistat as the most selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Nluc (EC 50 0.77 to 2.74 µM). In contrast, most of the clinically approved antivirals, including tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and velpatasvir were inactive at concentrations up to 10 µM. Collectively, this high-throughput platform represents a reliable tool for rapid neutralization testing and antiviral screening for SARS-CoV-2.
Purification and Characterization of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein (1985)

The fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus was purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. Under various conditions the protein was recovered as a 145K dimer or a 70K monomer. The 70K monomer was composed of disulphide-linked fragments of 48K and 23K. Polyclonal rabbit serum produced to the dimerized fusion protein neutralized virus but did not inhibit fusion, while rabbit serum to the 2-mercaptoethanol-treated dimerized protein neutralized virus and inhibited fusion of infected cells. Only the latter serum strongly recognized the 23K fragment when studied by Western blot analysis.
Prognostic Factors for Survival of Patients with Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

Prospective identification of patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma more likely to benefit from cytokine therapy could be used as a stratification factor in Phase III trials and in risk-directed therapy. The relationship between pretreatment clinical features and survival was evaluated in patients treated in Phase II and III clinical trials for metastatic renal cell carcinoma at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The first analysis was performed in 670 patients treated with cytokines or chemotherapy, and a multivariate model was created to predict survival. Studies that followed addressed four topics: (1) the survival of patients given interferon alpha as first-line therapy, (2) a comparison of survival for patients treated with chemotherapy versus cytokine therapy, (3) survival of patients with nonclear cell histologic features, and (4) survival of patients treated with a second-line therapy. Prognostic models based on pretreatment clinical and laboratory variables can help identify patients more likely to benefit from standard therapies, as well as assist in the interpretation of drug effectiveness in Phase II clinical trials. Investigations into new prognostic factors based on tumor biology are needed and of high priority.
Particle in cell simulation of laser‐accelerated proton beams for radiation therapy (2002)

In this article we present the results of particle in cell (PIC) simulations of laser plasma interaction for proton acceleration for radiation therapy treatments. We show that under optimal interaction conditions protons can be accelerated up to relativistic energies of 300 MeV by a petawatt laser field. The proton acceleration is due to the dragging Coulomb force arising from charge separation induced by the ponderomotive pressure (light pressure) of high-intensity laser. The proton energy and phase space distribution functions obtained from the PIC simulations are used in the calculations of dose distributions using the GEANT Monte Carlo simulation code. Because of the broad energy and angular spectra of the protons, a compact particle selection and beam collimation system will be needed to generate small beams of polyenergetic protons for intensity modulated proton therapy.
Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases (1990)

All 240 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that underwent autopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between September 1962 and August 1986 were reviewed. Among these cases, 162, for which photographs of cut surfaces of the primary tumors were available, were grossly classified using a combination of both Eggel's classification and our own into three major types, i.e., nodular, massive, and diffuse as described by Eggel (Eggel H, Beitr Pathol Anat 1901; 30:506-604), and three subgroups of nodular type, i.e., single nodular type (type 1), single nodular type with extranodular growth (type 2), and contiguous multinodular type (type 3) by our classification (Kanai T et al., Cancer 1987; 60:810-819). Seventy-eight cases were classified as nodular type, comprising seven cases of type 1, 61 cases of type 2, and ten cases of type 3. Sixty-seven and 17 cases were classified as massive and diffuse type, respectively. Of the 78 nodular-type tumors, 59 measured less than 10 cm, whereas 64 of 67 massive-type tumors were 10 cm or more in size. The incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumor spread of HCC was significantly higher for tumors measuring more than 5 cm. As to the relationship between macroscopic type and tumor spread, the frequency of spread was lowest for type 1 tumors, and high for the other types. Intrahepatic metastasis was detected in 28.6% of type 1, 93.4% of type 2, 100% of type 3, and 98.5% of massive-type tumors. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 14.3% of type 1, 24.6% of type 2, 70% of type 3, 38.8% of massive-type and 52.9% of diffuse-type tumors. Hematogenous extrahepatic metastasis was detected in 14.3% of type 1, 47.5% of type 2, 70% of type 3, 74.6% of massive-type and 82.4% of diffuse-type tumors. It appears that not only primary tumor size but also its macroscopic type has an important influence on the growth and spread of HCC.
Polyionic fusion peptides function as specific dimerization motifs (2001)

The de novo design of a molecular adapter for directed association and covalent linkage of two polypeptides is presented. Using peptides containing charged amino acid residues and an additional cysteine residue (AlaCysLys(8) and AlaCysGlu(8)) we demonstrate that the electrostatic interaction promotes the association of two synthetic peptides and, subsequently, disulfide bond formation. The reaction depends on both the redox potential and on the ionic strength of the buffer. Varying the redox potential, the interaction of the peptides was quantified by a Delta G(0') of 6.6 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol. Heterodimerization of the peptides is highly specific, a competition of association by other cysteine containing compounds could not be observed. Two proteins comprising cysteine-containing polyionic fusion peptides, a modified Fab fragment and an alpha-glucosidase fusion, could be specifically conjugated by directed association and subsequent disulfide bond formation. Both proteins retain their functional characteristics within the bifunctional conjugate: enzymatic activity of the alpha-glucosidase and antigen-binding capacity of the Fab fragment are equivalent to the non-conjugated components.
Haldane, hot dogs, halitosis, and hypoxic vasodilation: the emerging biology of the nitrite anion (2004)

While it has long been known that the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) forms iron-nitrosyl-myoglobin and is the basis of meat curing, a greater biological activity of the nitrite anion has only recently been appreciated. In the stomach, NO is formed from acidic reduction of nitrite and increases mucous barrier thickness and gastric blood flow (see the related study beginning on page 106). Nitrite levels in blood reflect NO production from endothelial NO synthase enzymes, and recent data suggest that nitrite contributes to blood flow regulation by reaction with deoxygenated hemoglobin and tissue heme proteins to form NO.
Targeting prostate cancer based on signal transduction and cell cycle pathways (2008)

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of death in men despite increased capacity to diagnose at earlier stages. After prostate cancer has become hormone independent, which often occurs after hormonal ablation therapies, it is difficult to effectively treat. Prostate cancer may arise from mutations and dysregulation of various genes involved in regulation signal transduction (e.g., PTEN, Akt, etc.,) and the cell cycle (e.g., p53, p21(Cip1), p27(Kip1), Rb, etc.,). This review focuses on the aberrant interactions of signal transduction and cell cycle genes products and how they can contribute to prostate cancer and alter therapeutic effectiveness.
Development of a Passive Turbine Blade Damper Using Magnetomechanical Coating (2000)

The feasibility of using magnetomechanical coating for enhancing high damping capacity on turbine blades is investigated. An analytical procedure is developed for modeling the dynamic behavior of beams and blades coated with a plasma sprayed iron-chromium based coating. A probabilistic distribution function proposed by Smith and Birchak (1968, 1969) is used to evaluate and qualify the stress or strain distribution on the coating material. The equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived for uniform coated beams and blades. The resulting equation of motion is solved for simply supported and cantilevered beams and blades with a free surface coating layer by a closed form procedure and finite element approximation. The results show that a 2–5% beam and blade thickness free surface magnetomechanical coating layer can have a significant contribution on the damping enhancement and the reduction of vibratory stresses.
In vivo video rate optical coherence tomography (1998)

An optical coherence tomography system is described which can image up to video rate. The system utilizes a high power broadband source and real time image acquisition hardware and features a high speed scanning delay line in the reference arm based on Fourier-transform pulse shaping technology. The theory of low coherence interferometry with a dispersive delay line, and the operation of the delay line are detailed and the design equations of the system are presented. Real time imaging is demonstrated in vivo in tissues relevant to early human disease diagnosis (skin, eye) and in an important model in developmental biology (Xenopus laevis).
Immunologic Response of Man to Group B Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines (1972)

Journal Article Immunologic Response of Man to Group B Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines Get access F. A. Wyle, F. A. Wyle From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. S. Artenstein, M. S. Artenstein From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. L. Brandt, B. L. Brandt From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. C. Tramont, E. C. Tramont From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Kasper, D. L. Kasper From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. L. Altieri, P. L. Altieri From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. L. Berman, S. L. Berman From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Lowenthal J. P. Lowenthal From the Department of Bacterial Diseases and the Department of Biologics Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 126, Issue 5, November 1972, Pages 514–522, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/126.5.514 Published: 01 November 1972 Article history Received: 27 March 1972 Revision received: 02 June 1972 Published: 01 November 1972
Pathology of intrinsic cardiac neurons from ischemic human hearts (2000)

Various populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons influence regional cardiac function tonically. It is not known whether such neurons are affected by disease states and, if so, in what manner. Therefore, the morphology of intrinsic cardiac ganglia obtained from patients with angiographic evidence of compromised regional coronary blood supply was studied. Posterior atrial ganglia and surrounding fat, removed at the time of cardiac surgery, were placed immediately in saline and within 15-120 min (average of about 40 min) in 0.5% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde. In 32 studied ganglia, 35% of 473 intrinsic cardiac neurons displayed striking pathological changes at the light and ultrastructural level. The other cells displayed normal morphology. The cytoplasm of 74% of the abnormal cells had one or more of three types of inclusions: (1) darkly stained lamellated inclusions (Type I), (2) membrane-bound whorls and parallel arrays of lightly stained membranes, as well as fine granular material (Type II), or (3) concentric layers of lightly stained membranes with a darker, granular core (Type III). Neurons with inclusions were markedly enlarged (66 x 54 microm vs. 40 x 34 microm for normal neurons) and displayed fewer dendrites. Some neurons contained electron lucent vacuoles indicative of degeneration while others showed frank degeneration, being fragmented, shrunken, and misshapen. Phagocytic cells containing lamellated inclusions and cellular debris were found in ganglia with abnormal neurons. Some axon terminals also displayed degenerative changes. The identification of pathological changes in the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system has implications with respect to the functional integrity of this final common regulator of cardiac function in disease states.
Potentiation of tumor responses to DNA damaging therapy by the selective ATR inhibitor VX-970 (2014)

Platinum-based DNA-damaging chemotherapy is standard-of-care for most patients with lung cancer but outcomes remain poor. This has been attributed, in part, to the highly effective repair network known as the DNA-damage response (DDR). ATR kinase is a critical regulator of this pathway, and its inhibition has been shown to sensitize some cancer, but not normal, cells in vitro to DNA damaging agents. However, there are limited in vivo proof-of-concept data for ATR inhibition. To address this we profiled VX-970, the first clinical ATR inhibitor, in a series of in vitro and in vivo lung cancer models and compared it with an inhibitor of the downstream kinase Chk1. VX-970 markedly sensitized a large proportion of a lung cancer cell line and primary tumor panel in vitro to multiple DNA damaging drugs with clear differences to Chk1 inhibition observed. In vivo VX-970 blocked ATR activity in tumors and dramatically enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin across a panel of patient derived primary lung xenografts. The combination led to complete tumor growth inhibition in three cisplatin-insensitive models and durable tumor regression in a cisplatin-sensitive model. These data provide a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of VX-970 in lung cancer patients.
Recent developments in biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer: perspectives based on publications 2003 to present (2004)

Identification of new candidate biomarkers and improved applications of previously detected biomarkers show great promise for the ultimate establishment of practical lung cancer screening. While recent studies engender optimism for the creation of clinically applicable screening tests, the biomarkers that have been identified need larger, follow-up validational studies and further characterization as to their biologic importance.
An overview of ultra-wideband microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early-stage breast-cancer detection (2005)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging has recently been proposed for detecting small malignant breast tumors. In this article, we review the current research status of this approach. First, we introduce the concept of microwave imaging via space-time (MIST) beamforming and related signal-processing algorithms. The objective of these signal-processing techniques is to form a spatial image of scattered microwave energy, and to identify the presence and location of malignant lesions from their scattering signatures. Next, we present numerical studies based on finite-difference time-domain simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of MIST beamforming for detecting small malignant breast lesions in both prone and supine configurations. Finally, the experimental feasibility of UWB microwave imaging is demonstrated using an initial imaging prototype and multilayered breast phantoms.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase and CD38 Catalyze the Synthesis of a Calcium-mobilizing Metabolite from NADP+ (1995)

ADP-ribosyl cyclase catalyzes the cyclization of NAD+ to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which is emerging as an endogenous regulator of the Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release mechanism in cells. CD38 is a lymphocyte differentiation antigen which has recently been shown to be a bifunctional enzyme that can synthesize cADPR from NAD+ as well as hydrolyze cADPR to ADP-ribose. In this study, we show that both the cyclase and CD38 can also catalyze the exchange of the nicotinamide group of NADP+ with nicotine acid (NA). The product is nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP+), a metabolite we have previously shown to be potent in Ca2+ mobilization (Lee, H. C., and Aarhus, R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2152-2157). The switch of the catalysis to the exchange reaction requires acidic pH and NA. The half-maximal effective concentration of NA is about 5 mM for both the cyclase and CD38. In the absence of NA or at neutral pH, the cyclase converts NADP+ to another metabolite, which is identified as cyclic ADP-ribose 2'-phosphate. Under the same conditions, CD38 converts NADP+ to ADP-ribose 2'-phosphate instead, which is the hydrolysis product of cyclic ADP-ribose 2'-phosphate. That two different products of ADP-ribosyl cyclase and CD38, cADPR and NAADP+, are both involved in Ca2+ mobilization suggests a crucial role of these enzymes in Ca2+ signaling.
Foundation of three-dimensional mathematical models for glass furnace regenerator (2002)

This paper presents a practical three-dimensional mathematical model of circulation and heat transfer in generator of glass melting furnaces. The model was based on the heat transfer between the smoke flow and the lattice units, and between the air flow and the lattice units. This model not only bypassed the difficulty of complicated computation of the heat transfer process in the regenerator of glass furnaces, but also avoided the irrationality of fixing the temperature distribution on the surfaces. Use of the model yielded very important data and also the method for the design of the regenerator of glass furnaces in practical production.
Colorectal cancer imaging with iodine-123-labeled CEA monoclonal antibody fragments. (1993)

This prospective, randomized multicenter study in 62 patients was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radioimmunodetection (RAID) with 123I-labeled fragments, F(ab')2 and Fab', of IMMU-4, an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (Immu-RAID-CEA). It was found that ImmuRAID-CEA was safe and disclosed colorectal cancer sites at least 1 cm in size. The positive predictive value by lesions was 77% initially, and increased to 91% after 7 mo of follow-up. Only one patient developed a low level of HAMA. In 17 patients with 32 surgically confirmed lesions, there were 9% true-positive lesions for CT when RAID was false-negative, and 22% for RAID when CT was false-negative. Either CT or RAID detected all 32 lesions. In this small series, therefore, RAID was shown to complement CT findings by confirming suspected tumors and disclosing new lesions which had previously been occult.
High performance and radiation-resistance of GaAs-on-Si solar cells with novel structures (2003)

Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells on Si substrates are expected as low-cost and high-efficiency cells. Previously, the authors have demonstrated that GaAs-on-Si solar cells with novel structures have better radiation-resistance than GaAs and single-crystal Si space cells. In this paper, effectiveness; of novel structures such as super-lattice, strained super-lattice and Bragg reflectors upon initial performance and radiation-resistance of GaAs-on-Si cells has been studied. GaAs-on-Si cells with Bragg reflectors are found to have better radiation-resistance than those without Bragg reflectors. Insertion of super-lattice and strained super-lattice has also been found to be effective for improving initial cell performance as a result of effects of dislocation annihilation and back-surface field layer by insertion of such layers.
Reversal of Global Apoptosis and Regional Stress Kinase Activation by Cardiac Resynchronization (2008)

CRT reverses regional and global molecular remodeling, generating more homogeneous activation of stress kinases and reducing apoptosis. Such changes are important benefits from CRT that likely improve cardiac performance and outcome.