gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Original Contribution DEEP INTRAUTERINE AND TRANSCERVICAL INSEMINATION OF SOWS AND GILTS (2007)

The use of low count spermatozoa in low semen volume to artificially inseminate sows and gilts is a technique that should introduce a more efficient use of semen doses from genetically superior boars. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether reproductive performance of sows and gilts would be influenced by inseminating 0.15 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose with a deep intrauterine horn catheter, inseminating 1.5 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose with an intrauterine body catheter, or inseminating 3.0 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose with a traditional cervical catheter. This work demonstrated that farrowing rate was not significantly reduced when sows and gilts were artificially inseminated by transcervial insemination (1.5 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose) or inseminated by deep intrauterine horn method (0.15 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose) compared with a traditional cervical insemination (3.0 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose). However, total number of piglets born per litter was significantly reduced when sows were inseminated by deep intrauterine horn method with 0.15 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose compared with sows inseminated by cervical catheter (3.0 x 10 9 sperm cells per dose).
Parkinson's disease mutations in PINK1 result in decreased Complex I activity and deficient synaptic function (2009)

Mutations of the mitochondrial PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)-induced kinase1 (PINK1) are important causes of recessive Parkinson disease (PD). Studies on loss of function and overexpression implicate PINK1 in apoptosis, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, impaired dopamine release and motor deficits. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying these various phenotypes remains to be clarified. Using fruit fly and mouse models we show that PINK1 deficiency or clinical mutations impact on the function of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in mitochondrial depolarization and increased sensitivity to apoptotic stress in mammalian cells and tissues. In Drosophila neurons, PINK1 deficiency affects synaptic function, as the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles is not mobilized during rapid stimulation. The fundamental importance of PINK1 for energy maintenance under increased demand is further corroborated as this deficit can be rescued by adding ATP to the synapse. The clinical relevance of our observations is demonstrated by the fact that human wild type PINK1, but not PINK1 containing clinical mutations, can rescue Complex 1 deficiency. Our work suggests that Complex I deficiency underlies, at least partially, the pathogenesis of this hereditary form of PD. As Complex I dysfunction is also implicated in sporadic PD, a convergence of genetic and environmental causes of PD on a similar mitochondrial molecular mechanism appears to emerge.
Sensory neurons mediate protective vasodilatation in rat gastric mucosa (1991)

Sensory nerve stimulation by intragastric capsaicin (160 microM) prevents ethanol injury to the gastric mucosa and facilitates gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF). The present study examined whether the capsaicin-induced increase in GMBF accounts for mucosal protection. Gastric perfusion of capsaicin (160 microM) in urethan-anesthetized rats did not change blood pressure but significantly enhanced GMBF as measured by hydrogen gas clearance. The same increase in GMBF was seen when capsaicin was administered together with an injurious concentration of ethanol (25%). GMBF was facilitated by capsaicin in a dose-related manner (10-640 microM), and the dose-dependent vasodilatation was significantly correlated with a dose-dependent reduction of gross damage to the mucosa. Histology showed that capsaicin prevented deep but not superficial mucosal damage. The vasodilator and protective effects of capsaicin resulted from stimulation of sensory neurons and propagation of nerve activity, since they were blocked after ablation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons or local intra-arterial infusion of tetrodotoxin. This and the finding of a limited access of intragastric capsaicin to the gastric wall indicates that the vasodilator and protective effects of capsaicin are mediated by a neural reflex. It is concluded that facilitation of GMBF is the major mechanism of sensory nerve-mediated prevention of gastric mucosal injury.
Enhanced Proliferation, Survival, and Dopaminergic Differentiation of CNS Precursors in Lowered Oxygen (2000)

Standard cell culture systems impose environmental oxygen (O(2)) levels of 20%, whereas actual tissue O(2) levels in both developing and adult brain are an order of magnitude lower. To address whether proliferation and differentiation of CNS precursors in vitro are influenced by the O(2) environment, we analyzed embryonic day 12 rat mesencephalic precursor cells in traditional cultures with 20% O(2) and in lowered O(2) (3 +/- 2%). Proliferation was promoted and apoptosis was reduced when cells were grown in lowered O(2), yielding greater numbers of precursors. The differentiation of precursor cells into neurons with specific neurotransmitter phenotypes was also significantly altered. The percentage of neurons of dopaminergic phenotype increased to 56% in lowered O(2) compared with 18% in 20% O(2). Together, the increases in total cell number and percentage of dopaminergic neurons resulted in a ninefold net increase in dopamine neuron yield. Differential gene expression analysis revealed more abundant messages for FGF8, engrailed-1, and erythropoietin in lowered O(2). Erythropoietin supplementation of 20% O(2) cultures partially mimicked increased dopaminergic differentiation characteristic of CNS precursors cultured in lowered O(2). These data demonstrate increased proliferation, reduced cell death, and enhanced dopamine neuron generation in lowered O(2), making this method an important advance in the ex vivo generation of specific neurons for brain repair.
Combined aptamer and transcriptome sequencing of single cells (2017)

Abstract The transcriptome and proteome encode distinct information that is important for characterizing heterogeneous biological systems. We demonstrate a method to simultaneously characterize the transcriptomes and proteomes of single cells at high throughput using aptamer probes and droplet-based single cell sequencing. With our method, we differentiate distinct cell types based on aptamer surface binding and gene expression patterns. Aptamers provide advantages over antibodies for single cell protein characterization, including rapid, in vitro , and high-purity generation via SELEX, and the ability to amplify and detect them with PCR and sequencing.
[Cancer of the ovary]. (1980)

Cancer of the ovary is a fairly rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis, precise clinical staging and aggressive therapy are of the greatest importance. Cytological study of cells obtained by puncture of the space of Douglas, echotomography and tomo-densitometry are of diagnostic importance. The real problem is to define the indications for laparoscopy, and more important, an exploratory laparotomy. The treatment is essentially surgical; it allows for diagnosis (biopsy), defines the extent of the disease and removes the lesion "in toto" or most of it if not completely resectable. Postoperative adjuvant therapy is almost always necessary; radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone or a combination of both. A trail of the OERTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) tries to evaluate different treatment modalities. In cases of limited disease a comparison is being made between chemo- and radiotherapy; in extensive disease the relative value of polychemotherapy versus mono-chemotherapy is studied.
Establishment and long-term culture of human cystic fibrosis endothelial cells (2017)

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Thus, the availability of CF EC is paramount to uncover mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in CF. Using collagenase digestion, we isolated cells from small fragments of pulmonary artery dissected from non-CF lobes or explanted CF lungs. These cells were a heterogeneous mixture, containing variable percentages of EC. To obtain virtually pure pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC), we developed an easy, inexpensive, and reliable method, based on the differential adhesion time of pulmonary artery cells collected after collagenase digestion. With this method, we obtained up to 95% pure non-CF and CF-PAEC. Moreover, we also succeed at immortalizing both PAEC and CF-PAEC, which remained viable and with unchanged phenotype and proliferation rate over the 30th passage. These cells recapitulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression and functions of the parental cells. Thus, we isolated for the first time endothelial cells from CF patients, providing a valuable tool to define the emerging role of EC in CF lung and vascular disease.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient System: Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate‐Zinc‐ Dimethylformamide‐Water for Reduction of Nitroarenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Plant Protein-disulfide Isomerase Involved in the Oxidative Folding of Cystine Knot Defense Proteins (2007)

We have isolated a protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) from Oldenlandia affinis (OaPDI), a coffee family (Rubiaceae) plant that accumulates knotted circular proteins called cyclotides. The novel plant PDI appears to be involved in the biosynthesis of cyclotides, since it co-expresses and interacts with the cyclotide precursor protein Oak1. OaPDI exhibits similar isomerase activity but greater chaperone activity than human PDI. Since domain c of OaPDI is predicted to have a neutral pI, we conclude that this domain does not have to be acidic in nature for PDI to be a functional chaperone. Its redox potential of -157 +/- 4 mV supports a role as a functional oxidoreductase in the plant. The mechanism of enzyme-assisted folding of plant cyclotides was investigated by comparing the folding of kalata B1 derivatives in the presence and absence of OaPDI. OaPDI dramatically enhanced the correct oxidative folding of kalata B1 at physiological pH. A detailed investigation of folding intermediates suggested that disulfide isomerization is an important role of the new plant PDI and is an essential step in the production of insecticidal cyclotides. The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) 911777.
Intracellular pH governs the subcellular distribution of hexokinase in a glioma cell line (1996)

Hexokinase plays a key role in regulating cell energy metabolism. Hexokinase is mainly particulate, bound to the mitochondrial outer membrane in brain and tumour cells. We hypothesized that the intracellular pH (pH1) controls the intracellular distribution of hexokinase. Using the SNB-19 glioma cell line, pH1 variations were imposed by incubating cells in a high-K+ medium at different pH values containing specific ionophores (nigericin and valinomycin), without affecting cell viability. Subcellular fractions of cell homogenates were analysed for hexokinase activity. Imposed pH1 changes were verified microspectrofluorimetrically by using the pH1-sensitive probe SNARF-1-AM (seminaphtho-rhodafluor-1-acetoxymethyl ester). Imposition of an acidic pH1 for 30 min strongly decreased the particulate/total hexokinase ratio, from 63% in the control sample to 31%. Conversely, when a basic pH1, was imposed, the particulate/total hexokinase ratio increased to 80%. The glycolytic parameters, namely lactate/pyruvate ratio, glucose 6-phosphate and ATP levels, were measured concomitantly. Lactate/pyruvate ratio and ATP level were both markedly decreased by acidic pH1 and increased by basic pH1. Conversely, the glucose 6-phosphate level was increased by acidic pH1 and decreased by basic pH1. To demonstrate that the change of hexokinase distribution was not due to altered metabolite levels of glycolysis, a pH1 was imposed for a 5 min incubation time. Modification of the hexokinase distribution was similar to that noted after a 30 min incubation, whereas metabolite levels of glycolysis were not affected. These results provide evidence that the intracellular distribution of hexokinase is highly sensitive to variations of the pH1, and regulates hexokinase activity.
Ammonium Hydroxide Effect on Low-Temperature Wafer Bonding Energy Enhancement (2005)

A wafer prebonding treatment by ammonium hydroxide leading to a high bonding strength at low temperatures is presented in three material systems. After 200°C annealing, a surface energy of about for thermal silicon-oxide bonding and of for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition oxide bonding is realized. It is suggested that the lower ability of ammonia, the by-product of a polymerization reaction, to break the siloxane bridging bonds appears to be responsible for the increase in surface energy in both silicon oxide bonding cases. treatment is also effective on bare germanium/silicon-oxide bonding with a surface energy of A highly hydrophilic germanium surface obtained by this treatment accounts for the high bonding energy. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of Ordered Microporous Silicates with Organosulfur Surface Groups and Their Applications as Solid Acid Catalysts (1998)

Mercaptopropyl-functionalized porous silicates were synthesized by the co-condensation of (mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane in the presence of a cationic surfactant. The ordered hexagonal arrays of channels in the extracted product were microporous (14 Å pore diameter) and contained high concentrations of alkylthiol functions. It was possible to oxidize the supported thiol groups to sulfonic acid groups, thus creating a solid acid ion exchanger. The sulfonic-acid functionalized material is an efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst.
Atrial natriuretic factor stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion in the rat through NPR-C receptors (2003)

Increasing evidence supports the role of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the modulation of gastrointestinal physiology. The effect of ANF on exocrine pancreatic secretion and the possible receptors and pathways involved were studied in vivo. Anesthetized rats were prepared with pancreatic duct cannulation, pyloric ligation, and bile diversion into the duodenum. ANF dose-dependently increased pancreatic secretion of fluid and proteins and enhanced secretin and CCK-evoked response. ANF decreased chloride secretion and increased the pH of the pancreatic juice. Neither cholinergic nor adrenergic blockade affected ANF-stimulated pancreatic secretion. Furthermore, ANF response was not mediated by the release of nitric oxide. ANF-evoked protein secretion was not inhibited by truncal vagotomy, atropine, or Nomega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester administration. The selective natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) receptor agonist cANP-(4-23) mimicked ANF response in a dose-dependent fashion. When the intracellular signaling coupled to NPR-C receptors was investigated in isolated pancreatic acini, results showed that ANF did not modify basal or forskolin-evoked cAMP formation, but it dose-dependently enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, which was blocked by the selective PLC inhibitor U-73122. ANF stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion in the rat, and its effect was not mediated by nitric oxide or parasympathetic or sympathetic activity. Furthermore, CCK and secretin appear not to be involved in ANF response. Present findings support that ANF exerts a stimulatory effect on pancreatic exocrine secretion mediated by NPR-C receptors coupled to the phosphoinositide pathway.
Molecular Cloning of Caveolin-3, a Novel Member of the Caveolin Gene Family Expressed Predominantly in Muscle (1996)

Caveolin, a 21-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolar membranes in vivo. Caveolin interacts directly with heterotrimeric G-proteins and can functionally regulate their activity. Recently, a second caveolin gene has been identified and termed caveolin-2. Here, we report the molecular cloning and expression of a third member of the caveolin gene gamily, caveolin-3. Caveolin-3 is most closely related to caveolin-1 based on protein sequence homology; caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 are approximately 65% identical and approximately 85% similar. A single stretch of eight amino acids (FED-VIAEP) is identical in caveolin-1, -2, and -3. This conserved region may represent a "caveolin signature sequence" that is characteristic of members of the caveolin gene family. Caveolin-3 mRNA is expressed predominantly in muscle tissue-types (skeletal muscle, diaphragm, and heart) and is selectively induced during the differentiation of skeletal C2C12 myoblasts in culture. In many respects, caveolin-3 is similar to caveolin-1: (i) caveolin-3 migrates in velocity gradients as a high molecular mass complex; (ii) caveolin-3 colocalizes with caveolin-1 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation studies; and (iii) a caveolin-3-derived polypeptide functionally suppresses the basal GTPase activity of purified heterotrimeric G-proteins. Identification of a muscle-specific member of the caveolin gene family may have implications for understanding the role of caveolin in different muscle cell types (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal) as previous morphological studies have demonstrated that caveolae are abundant in these cells. Our results also suggest that other as yet unknown caveolin family members are likely to exist and may be expressed in a regulated or tissue-specific fashion.
Instantaneous non-linear operators for tracking multicomponent signal parameters (2003)

The authors have extended the Kaiser-Teager algorithm for separating the contributions of the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of a single sinusoid to a signal consisting of multiple components. An instantaneous nonlinear operator turns out to be the determinant of a Toeplitz matrix formed with the signal samples. Because of its instantaneously adaptive nature, this algorithm can be used to track parameter variations in the signal components, provided these variations are not too rapid. This is demonstrated using a synthetic signal containing two AM-FM components and a speech signal. The method's relationship to Prony's method is pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The biology and management of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (2015)

Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive CD30(+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) ALCL is associated with the NPM-ALK t(2;5) translocation, which is highly correlated with the identification of the ALK protein by immunohistochemistry. ALK+ ALCL typically occurs in younger patients and has a more favorable prognosis with 5-year survival rates of 70% to 90% in comparison with 40% to 60% for ALK-negative (ALK-) ALCL. Studies support young age as a strong component of the favorable prognosis of ALK+ ALCL. Until recently, no recurrent translocations were identified in ALK- ALCL. However, emerging data now highlight that ALK- ALCL is genetically and clinically heterogeneous with a subset having either a DUSP22 translocation and a survival rate similar to ALK+ ALCL or a less common P63 translocation, the latter associated with an aggressive course. Anthracycline-based regimens such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) remain the standard first-line treatment choice for systemic ALCL, but in many patients with ALK- ALCL, it is ineffective, and thus it is often followed by consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation. However, selection of appropriate patients for intensified therapy remains challenging, particularly in light of genetic and clinical heterogeneity in addition to the emergence of new, effective therapies. The antibody drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin is associated with a high response rate (86%) and durable remissions in relapsed/refractory ALCL and is under investigation in the first-line setting. In the future, combining clinical and genetic biomarkers may aid in risk stratification and help guide initial patient management.
An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Virology and immunopathogenesis (2014)

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) continues to be one of the most researched infectious diseases of cats. The relatively high mortality of FIP, especially for younger cats from catteries and shelters, should be reason enough to stimulate such intense interest. However, it is the complexity of the disease and the grudging manner in which it yields its secrets that most fascinate researchers. Feline leukemia virus infection was conquered in less than two decades and the mysteries of feline immunodeficiency virus were largely unraveled in several years. After a half century, FIP remains one of the last important infections of cats for which we have no single diagnostic test, no vaccine and no definitive explanations for how virus and host interact to cause disease. How can a ubiquitous and largely non-pathogenic enteric coronavirus transform into a highly lethal pathogen? What are the interactions between host and virus that determine both disease form (wet or dry) and outcome (death or resistance)? Why is it so difficult, and perhaps impossible, to develop a vaccine for FIP? What role do genetics play in disease susceptibility? This review will explore research conducted over the last 5 years that attempts to answer these and other questions. Although much has been learned about FIP in the last 5 years, the ultimate answers remain for yet more studies.
Biology of DNA restriction (1993)

Our understanding of the evolution of DNA restriction and modification systems, the control of the expression of the structural genes for the enzymes, and the importance of DNA restriction in the cellular economy has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent years. This review documents these advances for the three major classes of classical restriction and modification systems, describes the discovery of a new class of restriction systems that specifically cut DNA carrying the modification signature of foreign cells, and deals with the mechanisms developed by phages to avoid the restriction systems of their hosts.
Quantitative detection of Merkel cell virus in human tissues and possible mode of transmission (2009)

Merkel Cell Virus (MCV) is a newly discovered polyomavirus, recently found in a rare skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, MCV has also been detected in some normal tissue samples. We tested and compared the relative quantity of the MCV in a set of diverse human tissue samples with the MCC samples. The levels of MCV in MCCs were over 60 times higher than the highest values in all other tissues. Low quantities of MCV were detected in diverse tissue samples independently of malignant or benign histologic status. Higher levels of the virus were found in the upper aerodigestive tract, digestive system, and saliva compared to the lung and genitourinary system samples. These results confirm that MCV is widespread in the human body and suggest a possible fecal-oral transmission route similar to the Hepatitis A virus. Despite widespread presence of the virus, it appears that only neuroendocrine skin cells are susceptible to transformation by MCV.