gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by Mitoxantrone of In Vitro Migration of Immunocompetent Cells (2006)

Mitoxantrone may inhibit the migration of inflammatory cells into and within the central nervous system.
Rice Breeding in Latin America (2014)

Rice breeding has made important contributions to Latin America. More than 400 cultivars were released from 1975 to 2012, which helped to raise total production to >27 million tonnes obtained from 5.7 million hectares (average for 2010–2012). Rice production provides ∼US$8.8 billion for thousands of farmers in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The result of higher yields in the irrigated sector was to triple rice production in LAC while area did not grow, thus preserving more fragile environments. Several estimates on genetic gains for grain yield have been carried out in LAC. In temperate irrigated rice, the estimates are around 1.5–2.6% per year. In the tropical irrigated, it is ∼1% and in the upland rice the estimate is ∼1.4% per year. Different breeding strategies, including pedigree, modified bulk, recurrent selection methods, anther culture, interspecific crosses, composite populations, quantitative trait loci (QTL) introgression, and recombinant inbred lines, accompanied by shuttle breeding schemes, direct seeding, and evaluation/selection in hot spots for main diseases are being used by CIAT and NARES in the region. In this process, methods for screening for diseases and other stresses were established. Networking has been a cornerstone for success and several networks such as INGER, FLAR, and HIAAL were created. Looking forward, as farmers' yields are approaching the genetic yield potential exhibited by current cultivars, as a result of improved agronomic management, a new breakthrough is needed in terms of more productive cultivars. To achieve this goal, a strategy is needed that includes strong pipelines focused on specific environments and markets; better product profiling; integration between discovery, development, and delivery; and new breeding strategies using cutting-edge technologies and new breeding methods to accelerate genetic gains.
Delineating developmental and metabolic pathwaysin vivoby expression profiling using the RIKEN set of 18,816 full-length enriched mouse cDNA arrays (2001)

We have systematically characterized gene expression patterns in 49 adult and embryonic mouse tissues by using cDNA microarrays with 18,816 mouse cDNAs. Cluster analysis defined sets of genes that were expressed ubiquitously or in similar groups of tissues such as digestive organs and muscle. Clustering of expression profiles was observed in embryonic brain, postnatal cerebellum, and adult olfactory bulb, reflecting similarities in neurogenesis and remodeling. Finally, clustering genes coding for known enzymes into 78 metabolic pathways revealed a surprising coordination of expression within each pathway among different tissues. On the other hand, a more detailed examination of glycolysis revealed tissue-specific differences in profiles of key regulatory enzymes. Thus, by surveying global gene expression by using microarrays with a large number of elements, we provide insights into the commonality and diversity of pathways responsible for the development and maintenance of the mammalian body plan.
Cloning and functional expression of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. (1993)

Truncated forms of glucagon-like peptide-1 are the most potent endogenous stimuli of insulin secretion and have powerful antidiabetogenic effects. To determine the structure and coupling mechanisms of the human GLP-1 receptor we have isolated two pancreatic islet cDNAs, encoding the 463 amino acid receptor and differing mainly in their 3' untranslated regions. The deduced amino acid sequence is 90% homologous with the rat GLP-1 receptor. Northern blot analysis shows expression of a single 2.7 kb transcript in pancreatic tissue. When expressed in COS-7 cells the recombinant receptor conferred specific, high affinity GLP-1(7-37) binding. GLP-1(7-37) increased intracellular cAMP in a concentration dependent manner and caused an increase in the free cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) from an intracellular pool, characteristic of phospholipase C (PLC) activation. Thus, like the structurally related glucagon and parathyroid hormone receptors, the human GLP-1 receptor can activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways including adenylyl cyclase and PLC. Knowledge of the GLP-1 receptor structure will facilitate the development of receptor agonists and elucidation of the important role of GLP-1 in normal physiology and disease states.
Selection in backcross programmes (2005)

Backcrossing is a well-known and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the genomic background of a recurrent parent. The various uses of backcrossing in modern genetics, particularly with the help of molecular markers, are reviewed here. Selection in backcross programmes is used to either improve the genetic value of plant and animal populations or fine map quantitative trait loci. Both cases are helpful in our understanding of the genetic bases of quantitative traits variation.
Efficacy, Safety, and Potential Biomarkers of Sunitinib Monotherapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase II Study (2009)

Sunitinib shows evidence of modest antitumor activity in advanced HCC with manageable adverse effects. Rapid changes in tumor vascular permeability and circulating inflammatory biomarkers are potential determinants of response and resistance to sunitinib in HCC. Our study suggests that control of inflammation might be critical for improving treatment outcome in advanced HCC.
Statistically-Optimum Dynamic Server Assignment in Systems with Interfering Servers (1973)

Cellular mobile radio systems have been proposed that use many base stations to provide radio service over a large geographical area. In such systems, a stored-program processor assigns radio channels to base stations in real time, under certain interference constraints. The capacity and the queueing characteristics of the overall system are strongly dependent on the processor algorithms that are used. This paper presents three algorithms which are in a certain minimax sense statistically optimum. The procedures are quite general, and may be applied to any system that employs many servers, the use of some combinations of which is not allowed. The first algorithm provides for the preferential assignment of a "standard" channel. If all standard channels are busy, a "nonstandard" channel is selected in such a manner that the probability of blocking is minimized in that interferable facility most likely to suffer blocking. The second algorithm provides for the transfer of service from nonstandard to standard channels whenever standard channels become free. The choice of the particular nonstandard channel to be freed is again made in a manner which minimizes the maximum probability of future blockage. The third algorithm provides for the rearrangement of channel assignments in those instances when all assignable channels, both standard and nonstandard, are busy. Such rearrangement can cause channels to become available under certain circumstances. If more than one rearrangement is possible, again the choice of what particular action should be taken is governed by the goal of minimizing the maximum probability of future blockage. All three algorithms attain short-term optimality by enumeration; that is, each candidate for assignment is considered in turn. Under the condition that the given candidate is selected, the conditional probability of future blocking in each of the server groups is calculated, and the maximum of these probabilities is associated with the candidate. After all candidates have been considered, that candidate which has the minimum associated probability is assigned. These algorithms produce, by definition, an instantaneous system state which is always optimum in the above minimax sense. In systems with large numbers of servers, the system changes state rapidly; thus, occasional short-term errors disappear rapidly, and short-term optimization tends to lead to peak performance in the long term as well.
Hardware Evolution: Automatic Design of Electronic Circuits in Reconfigurable Hardware by Artificial Evolution (1999)

This is my doctoral thesis, written in late 1996, available in book form under Springer's distinguished dissertations series. It can be ordered direct from Springer, or from any bookseller including those on-line.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Grinding and Metal Cutting Waste Contaminated with Oils (1997)

The wellknown technique of supercritical fluid extraction with compressed carbon dioxide is used for an environmental application. The development of a process is described, in which residues with high oil contents from metal machining operations such as grinding or cutting can be separated in two fractions. One consists of the oil which can be recovered from the grinds in such a quality that direct reuse as grinding oil is possible; the metal fraction can be recycled by common processes. The results obtained in laboratory scale equipment were scaled up and successfully demonstrated in a pilot plant.
Synthesis and characterization of polymer nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles (2010)

Magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites were prepared using oleic acid coated cobalt ferrite and magnetite nanoparticles. Both nanofillers had a similar effect in shifting the glass transition temperature from that of the neat polymer. The cobalt ferrite nanocomposite had magnetic hysteresis at 2 and 300 K and the magnetite nanocomposite had magnetic hysteresis at 2 K and superparamagnetic behavior at 300 K. Surprisingly, zero field cooled magnetization measurements for the cobalt ferrite nanocomposite showed a peak at ∼250 K, in contrast with measured hysteresis at 300 K. On the other hand, ac susceptibility measurements up to 400 K did not show any peaks for the cobalt ferrite nanocomposite. These measurements suggest the importance of ac susceptibility measurements in characterizing the magnetic properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Crystal Structure of Streptococcus pyogenes Sortase A (2009)

Sortases are a family of Gram-positive bacterial transpeptidases that anchor secreted proteins to bacterial cell surfaces. These include many proteins that play critical roles in the virulence of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens such that sortases are attractive targets for development of novel antimicrobial agents. All Gram-positive pathogens express a "housekeeping" sortase that recognizes the majority of secreted proteins containing an LPXTG wall-sorting motif and covalently attaches these to bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Many Gram-positive pathogens also express additional sortases that link a small number of proteins, often with variant wall-sorting motifs, to either other surface proteins or peptidoglycan. To better understand the mechanisms of catalysis and substrate recognition by the housekeeping sortase produced by the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, the crystal structure of this protein has been solved and its transpeptidase activity established in vitro. The structure reveals a novel arrangement of key catalytic residues in the active site of a sortase, the first that is consistent with kinetic analysis. The structure also provides a complete description of residue positions surrounding the active site, overcoming the limitation of localized disorder in previous structures of sortase A-type proteins. Modification of the active site Cys through oxidation to its sulfenic acid form or by an alkylating reagent supports a role for a reactive thiol/thiolate in the catalytic mechanism. These new insights into sortase structure and function could have important consequences for inhibitor design.
Characterization of the promoter of human pulmonary surfactant protein B gene (1995)

Pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) is required for normal surfactant function and for survival at birth. To further study SP-B gene expression, we sequenced genomic clones and examined promoter activity of SP-B DNA fragments by transient transfection. A plasmid construct containing human SP-B fragment -1039/+431 linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was readily expressed in H441 cells, which are derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma, but was &lt; 4% as active in Hep G2, HeLa, and Calu 6 cell lines. SP-B promoter activity in H441 cells was orientation dependent and increased by linked Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer and was stronger than for thymidine kinase (tk) and RSV promoters. Deletional mapping of the 5' flanking region with exonuclease III suggested nonspecific negative (-811/-1039)- and positive (-453/-641)-control regions and a cell-specific enhancer region at -208 to -54. When a fragment from -403 to -35 base pairs (bp) was placed upstream or downstream of tkCAT, in either orientation, expression in H441 cells but not other cell lines was increased 4- to 28-fold relative to tkCAT. Deletional analysis of the 3' terminus indicated a requirement for at least 7 bp 3' of the transcription start site. Promoter activity was strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by phorbol ester, with responsiveness mapped to bp -208/-54, but was not responsive to glucocorticoid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virtual machine monitors: current technology and future trends (2005)

Developed more than 30 years ago to address mainframe computing problems, virtual machine monitors have resurfaced on commodity platforms, offering novel solutions to challenges in security, reliability, and administration. Stanford University researchers began to look at the potential of virtual machines to overcome difficulties that hardware and operating system limitations imposed: This time the problems stemmed from massively parallel processing (MPP) machines that were difficult to program and could not run existing operating systems. With virtual machines, researchers found they could make these unwieldy architectures look sufficiently similar to existing platforms to leverage the current operating systems. From this project came the people and ideas that underpinned VMware Inc., the original supplier of VMMs for commodity computing hardware. The implications of having a VMM for commodity platforms intrigued both researchers and entrepreneurs.
Reduced levels of amyloid β-peptide antibody in Alzheimer disease (2001)

Naturally occurring antibodies directed against Abeta exist in human CSF and plasma. The CSF anti-Abeta antibody titers may be helpful in better understanding the effects of future immunologic therapies for AD.
Nucleotide and Complete Amino Acid Sequences of Kunjin Virus: Definitive Gene Order and Characteristics of the Virus-specified Proteins (1988)

A Kunjin (KUN) virus cDNA sequence of 10664 nucleotides was obtained and it encoded a single open reading frame for 3433 amino acids. Partial N-terminal amino acid analyses of KUN virus-specified proteins identified the polyprotein cleavage sites and the definitive gene order. The gene order relative to that proposed for yellow fever (YF) virus is as follows: KUN 5'-C.GP20.E.GP44.P19.P10.P71.(?).P21.P98-3' YF 5'-C.prM.E.NS1.ns2a.ns2b.NS3.ns4a.ns4b. NS5-3'. The order of putative signal sequences and stop transfer sequences indicated that KUN NS1, NS2A and NS4B are probably cleaved in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, at a consensus site Val-X-Ala decreases where X is an uncharged residue, and NS2B, NS3 and NS5 are cleaved in the cytosol at the site Lys-Arg decreases Gly. Comparisons with the complete amino acid sequences of YF and West Nile (WN) viruses showed that KUN virus shared 93% homology with WN virus, but only 46% homology with YF virus. Comparisons among individual gene products of six flaviviruses showed that E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 tended to be the most highly conserved, and C among the least conserved. Homologous cleavage sites were evident, and six domains in NS5, a total of over 170 residues, shared at least 85% homology. Comparisons with the KUN C to NS2B sequence defined a gradient of relationships of all gene products in decreasing order WN greater than Murray Valley greater than Japanese encephalitis greater than St Louis encephalitis viruses within this closely related serological complex. A non-coding 5' sequence (75 nucleotides) of KUN virus shared 95% homology with WN virus and a shorter imperfect match with Murray Valley encephalitis virus (15 of 18 nucleotides). The KUN non-coding 3' sequence of 290 nucleotides contained several short and imperfectly matched sequences, and shared 87% homology over the distal region of 191 nucleotides with the corresponding region of WN virus RNA.
Targeted disruption of the beta-chemokine receptor CCR1 protects against pancreatitis-associated lung injury. (1997)

beta-Chemokines and their receptors mediate the trafficking and activation of a variety of leukocytes including the lymphocyte and macrophage. An array of no less than eight beta-chemokine receptors has been identified, four of which are capable of recognizing the chemokines MIP1alpha and RANTES. Genetic deletion of one of the MIP1alpha and RANTES receptors, CCR5, is associated with protection from infection with HIV-1 in humans, while deletion of the ligand MIP1alpha protects against Coxsackie virus-associated myocarditis. In this report we show that the deletion of another receptor for MIP1alpha and RANTES, the CCR1 receptor, is associated with protection from pulmonary inflammation secondary to acute pancreatitis in the mouse. The protection from lung injury is associated with decreased levels of TNF-alpha in a temporal sequence indicating that the activation of the CCR1 receptor is an early event in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Acoustic radiation force on a spherical particle in a viscous heat-conducting fluid. II. Force on a rigid sphere (1997)

The general expression derived in Part I of this study [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 713–721 (1997)] for the acoustic radiation force on a spherical particle immersed in a viscous heat-conducting fluid is applied here to the case of a rigid sphere. Three types of incident sound field are considered: a plane traveling wave, a plane standing wave, and a diverging spherical wave. To demonstrate dissipative effects on the force clearly, for each of these fields two limiting cases of interest are investigated. In the first of these, the sphere radius is assumed to be large compared with the viscous and thermal wavelengths in the surrounding fluid and the thermal wavelength inside the sphere. In the second case, the sphere radius is assumed to be small compared with the above wavelengths. In addition, in both cases, it is assumed that the sound wavelength is much larger than the above parameters. Since viscous effects have been examined in earlier papers by the present author, in this paper, the main attention is given to thermal effects. It is shown that these can drastically change the radiation force, resulting in, for example, the movement of light spheres both from the sound source and to it in a plane traveling wave and levitation in a diverging spherical wave.
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms (1935)

OF the many crystalline sugar alcohols occurring naturally in the plant king- dom, only mannitol has hitherto been isolated as a metabolic product of the lower fungi when grown on synthetic media. This alcohol is a tissue constituent of many, if not most, mould species and is sometimes present in large amounts in the metabolism solution if glucose or certain other simple sugars are supplied as the source of carbon. Sorbitol has only once, and dulcitol has never been isolated from the tissues of the higher fungi, but the tetrahydric alcohol i- erythritol (CH20H.CHOH.CHOH.CH2OH) is of frequent occurrence in algae and lichens, and has also been isolated, together with mannitol [Zellner, 1910], from the spores of the corn smut Ustilago maydis, a micro-fungus parasitic on maize, Zea Mays. It might therefore be expected to occur among the metabolic products of moulds grown on synthetic media. The present paper describes the isolation of i-erythritol, in small yield, from the mycelia of two different, and not closely related species of Penicillium, viz., P. brevi-compactum Dierckx and P. cyclopium Westling, both grown on synthetic media.
Back-junction back-contact n-type silicon solar cells with screen-printed aluminum-alloyed emitter (2010)

We introduce an n-type Si back-junction back-contact solar cell based on an Al-doped p+ rear emitter fabricated by means of screen-printing and firing instead of the commonly applied high-temperature boron diffusion. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this easy-to-fabricate p+ emitter to a back-junction back-contact solar cell we present experimental results showing 19.0% cell efficiency. The structuring of the cell is performed by laser processing omitting any photolithography. Using two-dimensional device simulation we determine a realistic efficiency limit of 21.6% for this cell type.
Generation of Photon Number States on Demand via Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (2001)

Many applications in quantum information or quantum computing require radiation with a fixed number of photons. This increased the demand for systems able to produce such fields. We discuss the production of photon fields with a fixed photon number on demand. The first experimental demonstration of the device is described. This setup is based on a cavity quantum electrodynamics scheme using the strong coupling between excited atoms and a single-mode cavity field.
Stochastic inhibitor release and binding from single-enzyme molecules (2007)

Inhibition kinetics of single-beta-galactosidase molecules with the slow-binding inhibitor d-galactal have been characterized by segregating individual enzyme molecules in an array of 50,000 ultra small reaction containers and observing substrate turnover changes with fluorescence microscopy. Inhibited and active states of beta-galactosidase could be clearly distinguished, and the large array size provided very good statistics. With a pre-steady-state experiment, we demonstrated the stochastic character of inhibitor release, which obeys first-order kinetics. Under steady-state conditions, the quantitative detection of substrate turnover changes over long time periods revealed repeated inhibitor binding and release events, which are accompanied by conformational changes of the enzyme's catalytic site. We proved that the rate constants of inhibitor release and binding derived from stochastic changes in the substrate turnover are consistent with bulk-reaction kinetics.
Long-term efficacy and safety of combined prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone in the management of non-cancer chronic pain (2010)

Results from these two open-label extension studies demonstrate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of fixed combination oxycodone PR/naloxone PR in the treatment of chronic pain. Patients experienced clinically relevant improvements in OIBD while receiving effective analgesic therapy.
A New Wafer-Level Packaging Technology for MEMS with Hermetic Micro-Environment. (2016)

Abstract not provided.