gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Post-Amadori Inhibitor Pyridoxamine Also Inhibits Chemical Modification of Proteins by Scavenging Carbonyl Intermediates of Carbohydrate and Lipid Degradation (2002)

Reactive carbonyl compounds are formed during autoxidation of carbohydrates and peroxidation of lipids. These compounds are intermediates in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE) in tissue proteins during aging and in chronic disease. We studied the reaction of carbonyl compounds glyoxal (GO) and glycolaldehyde (GLA) with pyridoxamine (PM), a potent post-Amadori inhibitor of AGE formation in vitro and of development of renal and retinal pathology in diabetic animals. PM reacted rapidly with GO and GLA in neutral, aqueous buffer, forming a Schiff base intermediate that cyclized to a hemiaminal adduct by intramolecular reaction with the phenolic hydroxyl group of PM. This bicyclic intermediate dimerized to form a five-ring compound with a central piperazine ring, which was characterized by electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, NMR, and x-ray crystallography. PM also inhibited the modification of lysine residues and loss of enzymatic activity of RNase in the presence of GO and GLA and inhibited formation of the AGE/ALE N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine during reaction of GO and GLA with bovine serum albumin. Our data suggest that the AGE/ALE inhibitory activity and the therapeutic effects of PM observed in diabetic animal models depend, at least in part, on its ability to trap reactive carbonyl intermediates in AGE/ALE formation, thereby inhibiting the chemical modification of tissue proteins.
Size and Structure of Bile Salt Micelles (1968)

The aggregation numbers (Ag#) of free and conjugated di- and trihydroxy bile salts were studied by equilibrium ultracentrifugation and light scattering. The effect of concentration, counterion concentration, pH, temperature, and urea are shown. All trihydroxy bile salts form very small micelles (Ag#<10) which are resistant to change in counterion concentration, temperature, and urea. Dihydroxy bile salts form small micelles at low concentrations and large micelles at higher concentrations (Ag# 12 to 100). Temperature and urea markedly decrease their aggregation number. pH has little effect on the aggregation number of the trihydroxy bile salts, but enormous aggregates form in the deoxycholate series as pH decreases towards the pKa. The small micelles are probably bonded hydrophobically. Larger micelles are formed by the aggregation of small micelles through hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups.
Conjugation of a self-antigen to papillomavirus-like particles allows for efficient induction of protective autoantibodies (2001)

High avidity and long-lasting autoantibodies to a self-polypeptide (TNF-alpha) were generated after parenteral vaccination of mice with low doses of virus-like particle-based (VLP-based) vaccines that were constructed by linking mouse TNF-alpha peptides to the surface of papillomavirus VLPs. High-titer autoantibodies were induced with or without coadministration of potent conventional adjuvants, but were enhanced by coadministration of CFA. Compared with immunization with the fusion protein alone, attachment to VLPs increased autoantibody titers 1,000-fold. A comparison of Ab responses against the self (TNF-alpha) and foreign components of the fusion protein showed that VLP conjugation abrogated the ability of the humoral immune system to distinguish between self and foreign. Similar levels of IgM were detected to self and foreign epitopes regardless of the assembly state of the antigen, suggesting that conjugation of self-peptides to VLPs promotes survival or expansion of mature autoreactive B cells. In a mouse model, vaccination with conjugated particles inhibited development of type II collagen-induced arthritis. Together, these results suggest a potentially flexible method to efficiently generate autoantibodies against specific self-proteins that mediate arthritis and other diseases.
Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus: clinical update. (1996)

Photodynamic therapy combined with long-term acid inhibition provides effective endoscopic therapy that 1) eliminates Barrett's mucosal dysplasia and superficial esophageal cancer, and 2) reduces the amount of, or, in some cases, eliminates Barrett's mucosa.
Are Genetic Tests for Atherosclerosis Ready for Routine Clinical Use? (2016)

In this review, we lay out 3 areas currently being evaluated for incorporation of genetic information into clinical practice related to atherosclerosis. The first, familial hypercholesterolemia, is the clearest case for utility of genetic testing in diagnosis and potentially guiding treatment. Already in use for confirmatory testing of familial hypercholesterolemia and for cascade screening of relatives, genetic testing is likely to expand to help establish diagnoses and facilitate research related to most effective therapies, including new agents, such as PCSK9 inhibitors. The second area, adding genetic information to cardiovascular risk prediction for primary prevention, is not currently recommended. Although identification of additional variants may add substantially to prediction in the future, combining known variants has not yet demonstrated sufficient improvement in prediction for incorporation into commonly used risk scores. The third area, pharmacogenetics, has utility for some therapies today. Future utility for pharmacogenetics will wax or wane depending on the nature of available drugs and therapeutic strategies.
Lack of strict correlation of functional sensitization with the apparent affinity of MHC/peptide complexes for the TCR (1995)

We describe a comprehensive analysis of the effect of avidity of TCR-MHC/peptide interaction on activation of the (p2Ca). In study, monosubstituted variants of p2Ca were used and assessed for binding to purified H-2Ld, binding of H-2Ld/peptide complexes to sTCR, and ability to activate 2C cells to two independent effector functions. Among the > 20 variants analyzed, functional activity of most peptides that bound the MHC well correlated with the strength of interaction of MHC/peptide complexes with sTCR. However, with some variants, a clear discordance between the apparent TCR-MHC/peptide affinity and biologic function was observed, demonstrating that the former cannot always be gauged by the latter. In the case of L4 peptide (phenylalanine at position 4 substituted with leucine), peptide/MHC complexes showed no detectable binding to sTCR, indicating a 10-fold or greater decrease in affinity. Nevertheless, this peptide sensitized target cells for lysis at a level equivalent to the parental peptide. A clearer understanding was revealed by studying the extent to which activation by variant peptides was dependent on CD8. Our data indicate that resistance to anti-CD8 mAb blocking correlates with strong binding affinity between sTCR and MHC/peptide complexes. These data suggest that, for the activation of CTL function, the absolute level of intrinsic affinity of TCR for MHC/peptide ligand is not a single critical determinant, but rather, that activation is governed by the compound influence of several factors, which ensures a minimum threshold of intracellular triggering is reached to elicit the response.
Preliminary Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Strip Test for SpecificTreponema pallidumAntibodies (2002)

We evaluated a prototype immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test for qualitative detection of Treponema pallidum antibodies in 353 sera from 157 patients. For sera from 43 syphilis patients, the ICSs were reactive, while for sera from 114 patients without syphilis, including 22 with biologically false-positive Rapid Plasma Reagin test results, the ICSs were nonreactive. The ICS test may expand the available options for serological testing for syphilis.
GaAs Monolithic Wideband (2-18 GHz) Variable Attenuators (2005)

GaAs monolithic variable attenuators have been developed. They operate in a very wide frequency band, are very small, and are controlled by one voltage. Insertion loss of 2-3 dB and a dynamic range of attenuation of 10 dB were obtained in the 2-18 GHz frequency range,
Electronic structure of semiconductor nanoclusters: A time dependent theoretical approach (1993)

We present a time dependent theoretical approach to calculating the electronic properties of semiconductor nanoclusters. The technique can be applied to ground and excited electronic states without using the effective mass approximation or perturbative expansions. The effects of surface properties on the electronic structure can be calculated at an atomic level. We illustrate the method with calculations of ground state densities of states for CdS and CdSe crystallites between 19 and 33 Å in diameter. The size-dependence of the bandwidths and band gap is studied, and the influence of surface states and surface polarity is discussed. The calculated shift in the valence band edge with cluster size is compared with experimental results from valence-band photoemission. Good agreement is obtained.
Monolithically Integrated III-Sb-Based Laser Diodes Grown on Miscut Si Substrates (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report the formation and growth characteristics of an interfacial misfit (IMF) array between AlSb and Si and its application to III-Sb-based quantum-well broad-area edge-emitting laser diodes monolithically grown on an Si (0 0 1) substrate. A 13% lattice mismatch between AlSb and Si is accommodated by using the IMF array. A use of 5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> miscut Si substrates enables simultaneous IMF formation and suppression of an antiphase domain, resulting in a drastic suppression of dislocation density over the III-Sb epilayer and realization of electrically injected laser diodes operating at 77 K. The current–voltage characteristics indicate a diode turn-<emphasis emphasistype="smcaps">on</emphasis> of 0.7 V, which is consistent with a theoretical built-in potential of the laser diode. This device is characterized by a <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$9.1\hbox{-}\Omega$</tex></formula> forward resistance and a leakage current density of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$0.7 \hbox{A/cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX"> $-\hbox{5}$</tex></formula> V and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$46.9\, \hbox{A/cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$-\hbox{15}$</tex></formula> V. </para>
Partial-Response Signaling (1975)

This paper presents a unified study of partial-response signaling (PRS) systems and extends previous work on the comparison of PRS schemes. A PRS system model is introduced which enables the investigation of PRS schemes from the viewpoint of spectral properties such as bandwidth, nulls, and continuity of derivatives. Several desirable properties of PRS systems and their relation to system functions are indicated and a number of useful schemes, some of them not previously analyzed, are presented. These systems are then compared using as figures of merit speed tolerance, minimum eye width, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation over ideal binary transmission. A new definition of speed tolerance, which takes into account multilevel outputs and the effect of sampling time, is introduced and used in the calculation of speedtolerance figures. It is shown that eye width, a performance measure that has not been used previously in comparing PRS systems, can be calculated analytically in many cases. Exact values as well as bounds on the SNR degradation for the systems under consideration are presented. The effect of precoding on system performance is also analyzed.
Valdivia y su evolución post-terremoto 1960: Enfoques, factores escalares y condicionantes (2016)

La rápida urbanización evidenciada en las ciudades del hemisferio sur, las está emplazando en el centro de la agenda del desarrollo del s.XXI. Los intensos procesos de transformación plantean tanto retos como oportunidades para pensar y actuar sobre el futuro de las ciudades. En Latinoamérica, estos procesos han incrementado la escala del medioambiente urbano, siendo las ciudades intermedias protagonistas principales. En Chile, ellas exhiben acelerados cambios socio-espaciales, revelando una expansión urbana y un deterioro físico-ambiental en sus áreas centrales. Tomando el caso de Valdivia, cobra interés el explorar factores y condicionantes que han influido en su expansión desde el terremoto de 1960, desde un enfoque económico, político y morfológico. Los resultados advierten que las políticas urbanas y los instrumentos de planificación vigentes, fomentan y transfieren al sector privado la responsabilidad de modelar el crecimiento hacia nuevas zonas de expansión, generando profundas transformaciones sobre el territorio, logrando agudizar la segregación socio-espacial.
Dynamics of Completely Unfolded and Native Proteins through Solid-State Nanopores as a Function of Electric Driving Force (2011)

We report experimentally the dynamic properties of the entry and transport of unfolded and native proteins through a solid-state nanopore as a function of applied voltage, and we discuss the experimental data obtained as compared to theory. We show an exponential increase in the event frequency of current blockades and an exponential decrease in transport times as a function of the electric driving force. The normalized current blockage ratio remains constant or decreases for folded or unfolded proteins, respectively, as a function of the transmembrane potential. The unfolded protein is stretched under the electric driving force. The dwell time of native compact proteins in the pore is almost 1 order of magnitude longer than that of unfolded proteins, and the event frequency for both protein conformations is low. We discuss the possible phenomena hindering the transport of proteins through the pores, which could explain these anomalous dynamics, in particular, electro-osmotic counterflow and protein adsorption on the nanopore wall.
The lost intrinsic fragmentation of MAT1 protein during granulopoiesis promotes the growth and metastasis of leukemic myeloblasts (2013)

MAT1, an assembly factor and targeting subunit of both cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) and general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) kinase, regulates cell cycle and transcription. Previous studies show that expression of intact MAT1 protein is associated with expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), whereas intrinsically programmed or retinoic acid (RA)-induced MAT1 fragmentation accompanies granulocytic differentiation of HSC or leukemic myeloblasts. Here we determined that, in humanized mouse microenvironment, MAT1 overexpression resisted intrinsic MAT1 fragmentation to sustain hematopoietic CD34+ cell expansion while preventing granulopoiesis. Conversely, we mimicked MAT1 fragmentation in vitro and in a mouse model by overexpressing a fragmented 81-aa MAT1 polypeptide (pM9) that retains the domain for assembling CAK but cannot affix CAK to TFIIH-core. Our results showed that pM9 formed ΔCAK by competing with MAT1 for CAK assembly to mimic MAT1 fragmentation-depletion of CAK. This resulting ΔCAK acted as a dominant negative to inhibit the growth and metastasis of different leukemic myeloblasts, with or without RA resistance, by concurrently suppressing CAK and TFIIH kinase activities to inhibit cell cycle and gene transcription. These findings suggest that the intrinsically programmed MAT1 expression and fragmentation regulate granulopoiesis by inversely coordinating CAK and TFIIH activities, whereas pM9 shares a mechanistic resemblance with MAT1 fragmentation in suppressing myeloid leukemogenesis.
Biodegradable Elastomers and Silicon Nanomembranes/Nanoribbons for Stretchable, Transient Electronics, and Biosensors (2015)

Transient electronics represents an emerging class of technology that exploits materials and/or device constructs that are capable of physically disappearing or disintegrating in a controlled manner at programmed rates or times. Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials such as silicon nanomembranes/nanoribbons provide attractive choices for active elements in transistors, diodes and other essential components of overall systems that dissolve completely by hydrolysis in biofluids or groundwater. We describe here materials, mechanics, and design layouts to achieve this type of technology in stretchable configurations with biodegradable elastomers for substrate/encapsulation layers. Experimental and theoretical results illuminate the mechanical properties under large strain deformation. Circuit characterization of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters and individual transistors under various levels of applied loads validates the design strategies. Examples of biosensors demonstrate possibilities for stretchable, transient devices in biomedical applications.
Detection of p53 mutations in hematological malignancies: comparison between immunocytochemistry and DNA analysis. (1994)

The wild type p53 protein has a short half-life and cannot be detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections. Mutated p53, on the other hand, has a prolonged half-life and becomes detectable by this method, so that its detection by immunohistochemistry in solid tumors is almost synonymous with mutation. We assessed the value of immunocytochemical analysis of p53 protein on blood or bone marrow slides in the detection of p53 mutation in hematological malignancies, by comparison with single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of exons 4 to 10 of the P53 gene. One hundred and twenty eight patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied by both methods. Immunocytochemistry showed detectable levels of intracellular p53 in 19 cases (including 2/19 AML, 2/21 ALL, 11/48 MDS, 4/40 CLL). Staining by p53 antibodies was restricted to the nucleus of blasts in AML, ALL, and MDS, and of lymphocytes in CLL. In 16 of the 19 cases, SSCP analysis, followed by direct sequencing, showed a p53 missense mutation in exons 4 to 8 of the gene. In the remaining three cases, where the number of cells stained by p53 antibodies was small, no p53 mutation could be detected. On the other hand, SSCP and sequence analysis identified a p53 mutation in two patients who had negative immunocytochemical findings. Both cases had a nonsense mutation, presumably leading to reduced levels of truncated p53. Thus, overall, immunocytochemistry and SSCP gave concordant results in 123 of the 128 (96%) patients analyzed. Our findings show that immunocytochemistry on blood and bone marrow smears is a sensitive method of p53 mutation detection in hematological malignancies, except in the rare patients with chain-terminating mutations. Positive immunocytochemistry is found in some patients with normal SSCP findings, and could correspond to overexpression of a non-mutated p53, but also to p53 mutation in a minor proportion of the malignant cells, undetectable by SSCP.
Assessment of Microsphere Technique for Measurement of Capillary Blood Flow in Random Skin Flaps in Pigs (1984)

In this technical paper, we reviewed the theory and methodology of the radioactive microsphere technique for determination of cardiac output and regional blood flow. Furthermore, we described two experiments conducted to assess this technique for measurement of capillary blood flow in skin-flap research. Our experimental data thus far indicated that the radioactive microsphere technique provided highly reproducible measurements for determination of capillary blood flow in 4 X 10 cm acute and delayed random skin flaps constructed in pigs. The advantages and disadvantages of this laboratory technique were also discussed.
The role of dopamine agonists in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease (2002)

Levodopa is the gold standard for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, chronic treatment is associated with development of motor complications in the majority of patients. Recent laboratory studies suggest that pulsatile administration of a short-acting agent, such as levodopa, contributes to the development of these problems and that they might be mitigated through the use of longer-acting dopamine agonists. Placebo-controlled clinical trials have shown that dopamine agonists have anti-parkinsonian effects in patients with early PD. More importantly, four different prospective double-blind studies have demonstrated that initiating symptomatic therapy with a dopamine agonist is associated with a significantly reduced risk for development of motor complications than is initial treatment with a dopamine agonist. Furthermore, several lines of laboratory research suggest that dopamine agonists might protect dopaminergic neurons in PD and retard the rate of disease progression. Double-blind trials using clinical and imaging end points are now testing this hypothesis and the results should soon be available. On the basis of this evidence, a rational approach to the treatment of PD patients who are not elderly or cognitively impaired is to initiate therapy with a dopamine agonist and supplement with levodopa when dopamine agonist monotherapy can no longer provide satisfactory clinical control.
An ATM-CDMA air interface for mobile personal communications (2002)

This paper describes a new concept for the provision of ATM services to mobile users through the use of direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA cellular mobile radio. It is shown how the ATM transport mechanism can be matched to the radio format by establishing a tight relationship between ATM cells and the radio burst transmitted over the air. The modulation format and the means for providing variable bit rates through variable spreading are described. A novel means of exploiting the ATM connection technique for achieving efficient uplink macro diversity is presented. It is shown how the need for costly measures for achieving base station synchronisation can been removed and how this can been turned to advantage. A strategy for power control providing low delay service is described. Finally a brief statement on the performance of the system is given.
Galactose epimeraseless (GalE) mutant G30 ofSalmonella typhimuriumis a good potential live oral vaccine carrier for fimbrial antigens (1985)

The plasmid pFM205 encoding the cloned K88ab gene cluster from an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli has been introduced into Salmonella typhimurium strain G30. The G30/pFM205 derivative has been shown to efficiently express the K88 pilus and this strain has been used for immunizing mice. Mice were immunized orally with live bacteria, intraperitoneally with formalin-killed bacteria, or orally with live bacteria followed by an intraperitoneal booster with killed organisms. All immunizations resulted in good antibody responses to K88 in the serum, however, only those immunizations involving an oral dose produced a significant antibody response in the gut. These results suggest that S. typhimurium strain G30 is a suitable carrier for producing intestinal antibodies to fimbrial antigens by oral immunization with live organisms.