gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infant Feeding and Blood Cholesterol: A Study in Adolescents and a Systematic Review (2002)

Breastfeeding is associated with increased mean TC and LDL levels in infancy but lower levels in adulthood/adult life. These results suggest that breastfeeding may have long-term benefits for cardiovascular health and may have implications for the content of formula feed milks.
A trypsin-sensitive receptor on membrane vesicles is required for nuclear envelope formation in vitro. (1988)

The reformation of functioning organelles at the end of mitosis presents a problem in vesicle targeting. Using extracts made from Xenopus laevis frog eggs, we have studied in vitro the vesicles that reform the nuclear envelope. In the in vitro assay, nuclear envelope growth is linear with time. Furthermore, the final surface area of the nuclear envelopes formed is directly dependent upon the amount of membrane vesicles added to the assay. Egg membrane vesicles could be fractionated into two populations, only one of which was competent for nuclear envelope assembly. We found that vesicles active in nuclear envelope assembly contained markers (BiP and alpha-glucosidase II) characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but that the majority of ER-derived vesicles do not contribute to nuclear envelope size. This functional distinction between nuclear vesicles and ER-derived vesicles implies that nuclear vesicles are unique and possess at least one factor required for envelope assembly that is lacking in other vesicles. Consistent with this, treatment of vesicles with trypsin destroyed their ability to form a nuclear envelope; electron microscopic studies indicate that the trypsin-sensitive proteins is required for vesicles to bind to chromatin. However, the protease-sensitive component(s) is resistant to treatments that disrupt protein-protein interactions, such as high salt, EDTA, or low ionic strength solutions. We propose that an integral membrane protein, or protein tightly associated with the membrane, is critical for nuclear vesicle targeting or function.
Clonal expansion of melan a‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a melanoma patient responding to continued immunization with melanoma‐associated peptides (2000)

Peptides derived from human tumor antigens have been used in a number of clinical trials to induce specific immune responses against autologous tumors in cancer patients. Although favorable clinical results were observed in single patients, immune responses correlating with tumor regression were either not detected or in case of responses, the T-cell specificity was difficult to demonstrate. In this study, we analyzed antigen-specific T-cell responses induced in the skin and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in an HLA-A2-positive melanoma patient. The patient showed major regression of metastatic melanoma under continued immunization with peptides derived from the melanocyte differentiation antigens Melan A/MART-1, tyrosinase and gp100/Pmel17. Based on the identification of different T-cell receptor (TCR) families reactive with Melan A/MART-1, we have demonstrated that i.d. immunization with peptides alone leads to oligoclonal expansion of Melan A/MART-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), detectable in local delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and PBL. A monoclonal expansion of a Melan A/MART-1-specific TCR VB 16 CTL was reproducibly observed after in vitro stimulation with Melan A/MART-1 peptides. The same TCR VB 16 CTL clone was detected in skin biopsies taken from vitiligo areas. Our findings provide strong evidence for the effective induction of specific T-cell responses to Melan A/MART-1 by i.d. immunization with peptide alone, which accounts for dermal depigmentation, specific cytotoxicity against Melan A/MART-1-expressing melanoma cells and clinical tumor regression. Int. J. Cancer 86:538–547, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Motion-induced blindness for dynamic targets: Further explorations of the perceptual scotoma hypothesis (2018)

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is a striking phenomenon wherein fully visible and attended objects may repeatedly fluctuate into and out of conscious awareness when superimposed onto certain global moving patterns. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of MIB is that objects can disappear even when they are moving. Here we report several novel demonstrations of MIB for dynamic objects, including the observations that (a) MIB can occur for dynamic targets defined by various types of complex visual distortions (akin to those that may occur with various types of metamorphopsias), and (b) MIB is more robust for downward-drifting compared to upward-drifting objects (perhaps because of the related motions of floaters in the eye's vitreous humor). To interpret these results, we focus on the idea that MIB may arise not from a limitation or failure of visual processing, but instead from a perceptual scotoma: MIB may reflect a functional inference in visual processing, eliminating some novel stimuli from awareness in much the same way that the visual system chronically eliminates percepts that would otherwise arise from visual impairments (such as scotomas) or features that are not in the external world in the first place (such as shadows from retinal blood vessels).
Prime-Boost Immunization with Adenoviral and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vectors Enhances the Durability and Polyfunctionality of Protective Malaria CD8 + T-Cell Responses (2009)

Protection against liver-stage malaria relies on the induction of high frequencies of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. We have previously reported high protective levels against mouse malaria, albeit short-lived, by a single vaccination with adenoviral vectors coding for a liver-stage antigen (ME.TRAP). Here, we report that prime-boost regimens using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and adenoviral vectors encoding ME.TRAP can enhance both short- and long-term sterile protection against malaria. Protection persisted for at least 6 months when simian adenoviruses AdCh63 and AdC9 were used as priming vectors. Kinetic analysis showed that the MVA boost made the adenoviral-primed T cells markedly more polyfunctional, with the number of gamma interferon (INF-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) triple-positive and INF-gamma and TNF-alpha double-positive cells increasing over time, while INF-gamma single-positive cells declined with time. However, IFN-gamma production prevailed as the main immune correlate of protection, while neither an increase of polyfunctionality nor a high integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) correlated with protection. These data highlight the ability of optimized viral vector prime-boost regimens to generate more protective and sustained CD8+ T-cell responses, and our results encourage a more nuanced assessment of the importance of inducing polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells by vaccination.
Lost-to-follow-up study in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (2000)

While it would be prudent to limit lost-to-follow-up as much as possible, especially for outcomes such as mortality which do not necessarily require a clinic visit, it does not appear that significant bias will be present in prospective studies based on our single clinic database. Since the retrieved 179 lost-to-follow-up patients did not affect survival studies it is likely that the 68 true lost-to-follow-up patients will also not have an impact on prognostic studies. Lupus (2000) 9, 363-367
Priming immune response to cholera toxin induced by synthetic peptides (1986)

A systematic study has been conducted of the priming effect in the immunization against cholera toxin (CT). We demonstrate that a priming phenomenon can be achieved by synthetic peptides of the CT B subunit, leading (after a subsequent booster with a subimmunizing dose of the intact toxin) to an efficient anti-CT neutralizing antibody response. This effect is obtained even upon a single administration of a peptide conjugate and even by peptides that as such are not able to induce CT cross-reactive antibodies whatsoever. This effect is specific and dose dependent. A macromolecular carrier as well as an adjuvant are essential for the induction of anti-toxin response. In this respect, a totally synthetic priming agent, CTP3-poly(DL-alanyl)--poly(L-lysine), was adequate for an effective priming response. The specificity of the antibodies formed after the booster was mainly towards the whole CT molecule and only a small fraction of them were specific towards the peptide used for priming. The ability of synthetic peptides to prime the immune system towards a secondary stimulus with whole organism or native protein might be of general practical value, especially in endemic areas where the population is probably constantly exposed to a low level of a particular infectious agent. This exposure, which has no influence on the unprimed immune system, could serve as a booster in the case of individuals primed with an appropriate peptide, leading to a secondary immune response.
EDTA-mediated inhibition of DNases protects circulating cell-free DNA from ex vivo degradation in blood samples (2015)

The exogenous and endogenous DNases are more active in serum, the anticoagulant EDTA indirectly inhibits blood DNases, and consequently ccfDNA is protected from the blood's DNase preanalytical impact in EDTA-plasma.
PD-1– and CTLA-4–Based Inhibitory Chimeric Antigen Receptors (iCARs) Divert Off-Target Immunotherapy Responses (2013)

T cell therapies have demonstrated long-term efficacy and curative potential for the treatment of some cancers. However, their use is limited by damage to bystander tissues, as seen in graft-versus-host disease after donor lymphocyte infusion, or "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities incurred in some engineered T cell therapies. Nonspecific immunosuppression and irreversible T cell elimination are currently the only means to control such deleterious responses, but at the cost of abrogating therapeutic benefits or causing secondary complications. On the basis of the physiological paradigm of immune inhibitory receptors, we designed antigen-specific inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors (iCARs) to preemptively constrain T cell responses. We demonstrate that CTLA-4- or PD-1-based iCARs can selectively limit cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, and proliferation induced through the endogenous T cell receptor or an activating chimeric receptor. The initial effect of the iCAR is temporary, thus enabling T cells to function upon a subsequent encounter with the antigen recognized by their activating receptor. iCARs thus provide a dynamic, self-regulating safety switch to prevent, rather than treat, the consequences of inadequate T cell specificity.
MLL-AF9– and HOXA9-mediated acute myeloid leukemia stem cell self-renewal requires JMJD1C (2016)

Self-renewal is a hallmark of both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs); therefore, the identification of mechanisms that are required for LSC, but not HSC, function could provide therapeutic opportunities that are more effective and less toxic than current treatments. Here, we employed an in vivo shRNA screen and identified jumonji domain-containing protein JMJD1C as an important driver of MLL-AF9 leukemia. Using a conditional mouse model, we showed that loss of JMJD1C substantially decreased LSC frequency and caused differentiation of MLL-AF9- and homeobox A9-driven (HOXA9-driven) leukemias. We determined that JMJD1C directly interacts with HOXA9 and modulates a HOXA9-controlled gene-expression program. In contrast, loss of JMJD1C led to only minor defects in blood homeostasis and modest effects on HSC self-renewal. Together, these data establish JMJD1C as an important mediator of MLL-AF9- and HOXA9-driven LSC function that is largely dispensable for HSC function.
Evidence for increased activated metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2a) expression associated with human prostate cancer progression. (1996)

Immunolabeling studies have previously indicated that increased expression of the 72-kDa matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) is associated with human prostate cancer progression. It is not known if the enzymatically active MMP-2 is expressed in prostate cancer and if increased expression is associated with progression. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the activated MMP-2 molecule (MMP-2a, 66 kDa) were used (along with previously developed MMP-2 antibodies) to investigate the expression of MMP-2a and MMP-2 in human prostate tissue extracts. SDS-PAGE, Western blots, and zymography indicated that MMP-2a expression was undetectable in normal prostate (n = 6), benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 9), and in prostate cancer of low Gleason score (GS) 4 (n = 11). MMP-2a was expressed in prostate cancer of increased GS (n = 37) and in lymph node metastases (n = 7). Quantitative ELISAs of human prostate cancer tissue extracts revealed that the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-2a per microgram of protein increased in prostate cancer tissues of increased GS (n = 48). MMP-2a levels were also high in prostatic lymph node metastases, but MMP-2 was not expressed or was barely detectable in these tissues. The molar ratios of MMP-2a to MMP-2 increased from 0 to 6.23 in tissues of GS 4 to 10, respectively. We conclude that significant increases in MMP-2a are associated with the malignant progression of prostate cancer and with tumor cell metastases to lymph nodes.
Isogambogic acid and isomorellinol from Garcinia hanburyi (1993)

Abstract Three xanthone derivatives, gambogic acid, isogambogic acid and isomorellinol, were isolated from the dried latex of Garcinia hanburyi. Two of them, isogambogic acid and isomorellinol, are new. Determinations of the structures and stereochemistry were achieved independently by a series of NMR experiments including COSY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC and selective INEPT. Isolation of isomorellinol from G. hanburyi provided important chemical evidence to link this species to G. morella. The presence of gambogic acid and isogambogic acid, however, demonstrated the difference between these two species. Cytotoxic evaluation of these isolates revealed that all three were active against KB and drug‐resistant KB‐V1 cell lines.
Simultaneous electroporation and dielectrophoresis in non-electrolytic micro/nano-electroporation (2018)

It was recently shown that electrolysis may play a substantial detrimental role in microfluidic electroporation. To overcome this problem, we have developed a non-electrolytic micro/nano electroporation (NEME) electrode surface, in which the metal electrodes are coated with a dielectric. A COMSOL based numerical scheme was used to simultaneously calculate the excitation frequency and dielectric material properties dependent electric field delivered across the dielectric, fluid flow, electroporation field and Clausius-Mossotti factor for yeast and E. coli cells flowing in a channel flow across a NEME surface. A two-layer model for yeast and a three-layer model for E. coli was used. The numerical analysis shows that in NEME electroporation, the electric fields could induce electroporation and dielectrophoresis simultaneously. The simultaneous occurrence of electroporation and dielectrophoresis gives rise to several interesting phenomena. For example, we found that a certain frequency exists for which an intact yeast cell is drawn to the NEME electrode, and once electroporated, the yeast cell is pushed back in the bulk fluid. The results suggest that developing electroporation technologies that combine, simultaneously, electroporation and dielectrophoresis could lead to new applications. Obviously, this is an early stage numerical study and much more theoretical and experimental research is needed.
Protein modulation of electrochemical signals: application to immunobiosensing (2008)

Herein we present a label-free immunobiosensor based on the modulation of amperometric signals of surface bound redox species when immersed in a protein environment which is applicable to either the detection of antibodies or the detection of small molecules such as drugs or pesticides.
Switching Power Supply Design (1991)

Using this book as a guide, Pressman promises, even a novice can immediately design a complete switching power supply circuit. No other book has such complete instruction in one volume. Using a tutorial, how-to approach, Pressman covers every aspect of this new technology, including circuit and transformer design, using higher switching frequencies, new topologies, and integrated PWM chips. For this latest edition, Pressman has added in-depth discussion of power factor correction, high-frequency ballasts for fluorescent lamps, and low-input voltage power supplies for laptop computers.
Table of contents
Part I:Fundamental Switching Regulators Buck, Boost, and Investor Topologies.Push-Pull and Forward Converter Topologies.Half- and Full-Bridge Converter Topologies.Flyback Converter Topologies.Current-Mode and Current-Fed Topologies.Miscellaneous Topologies.Part II: Magnetics and Circuits Designs.Transformer and Magnetic Design.Bipolar Power Translator Base Drives.MOSFET Power Transistors and Input Drive Circuits.Magnetic-Amplifier Postregulators.Turnon, Turnoff Switching Losses and Snubbers.Feedback-Loop Stabilization.Resonant Converters.Part III: Typical Switching Power Supply Warehouse.Part IV: Newer Applications for Switching Power Supply Technique.Power Factor, Power Factor Correction.High-Frequency Power Sources for Fluorescent Lamps.Low-Input-Voltage Regulators for Laptop Computers and Portable Electronics.
Combination immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase 2 trial. (2000)

The IRX-2 immunotherapy induced lymphocyte mobilization and infiltration in H&N SCC associated with clinical and histological tumor responses indicative of immune regression in all 15 patients. Minimal toxic effects were observed, and overall survival may have been improved. A phase 3 trial seems warranted.
S-Layers as Patterning Elements for Application in Nanobiotechnology (2005)

Two-dimensional bacterial cell surface layer protein crystals (S-layers) are the most commonly observed cell surface structure in bacteria and archaea. Isolated S-layer proteins have the intrinsic tendency to self-assemble into crystalline arrays in suspension and on various interfaces. Basic research on the structure, genetics, chemistry, morphogenesis and function of S-layers has led to a broad spectrum of applications in nanotechnology and biomimetics. The possibility to change the properties of S-layer proteins by genetic engineering opens new ways for tuning their functional and structural features. Functionalized S-layer proteins that maintain their ability to self-assemble have led to new affinity matrices, diagnostic tools, vaccines or biocompatible surfaces, as well as to biological templating or specific biomineralisation strategies at surfaces.
A Dislocation Formation Model of Trench‐Induced Dislocations in Dynamic Random Access Memories (1996)

In the early development of 4 megabit dynamic random access memories (4M DRAMs) with deep trench design some of the trench capacitor memory cells showed high charge leakage. This electrical failure was attributed to the occurrence of dislocations in the close vicinity of the trenches which were therefore termed trench‐induced dislocations (TIDs). Process experiments revealed the stages and parameters influencing the TID formation and low‐dislocation wafers were then produced. Systematic transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis was performed on the wafers from the production experiment wafers. The TIDs showed a remarkable sequence of development throughout the different stages. Specific parameters having a major effect on the initial nucleation and subsequent propagation were identified. The combined results from the processing experiments and subsequent TEM examinations enabled a consistent model to be evolved in which the dry trench etching and the following oxidation processes played key roles, but not the ion implantations.
Guanylyl cyclase C is a marker of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract (2005)

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors continue to be major causes of cancer-related mortality, in part, reflecting metastases that escape detection by histopathology. Moreover, although approximately 10% of carcinomas arise from unknown locations, these tumors frequently originate in the GI tract. Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) is a receptor selectively expressed by intestinal epithelial cells whose persistent expression by colorectal carcinomas and ectopic expression by adenocarcinomas of the upper GI tract suggest its use as a marker for GI malignancies. Here, expression of GC-C protein, identified by immunohistochemistry, was examined in tissues and tumors arising from the human GI tract. Guanylyl cyclase C protein was expressed by epithelial cells from the duodenum to the rectum, but not by those in normal esophagus and stomach. Expression was retained in tubular adenomas, inflammatory bowel disease, premalignant lesions, and in primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas from the colon, including metastases to lymph nodes and liver. Moreover, GC-C was ectopically expressed in all cases of dysplasia and adenocarcinomas arising from intestinal metaplasia in esophagus and stomach. Thus, GC-C appears to be an immunohistochemical marker for identifying adenocarcinomas of unknown origin, metastases in patients undergoing staging for GI adenocarcinomas, and intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and tumors arising therein in the upper GI tract.
Properties of protoplasts from the thermophile Bacillus coagulans and their significance for genetic studies (1989)

Regeneration of protoplasts of Bacillus coagulans was optimized by using low lysozyme concentrations and glycerol as the osmotic support. Protoplasts formed from cells grown at higher temperatures were thermostable and capable of regeneration at 55°C. Transfer of plasmids pAB224 and pUB110, using either whole cells or protoplast transformation was not achieved, despite using a variety of conditions. However, plasmid transfer was achieved by fusion with B. subtilis protoplasts containing plasmid pAB224.
Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Secretion from Canine L-Cells Is Increased by Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic Peptide but Unaffected by Glucose (1998)

Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a potent insulinotropic peptide released from the small intestine. To investigate the regulation of GLP-1 secretion, we established a GLP-1 release assay based on primary canine intestinal L-cells. The ileal mucosa was digested with collagenase/EDTA to a single cell suspension and enriched for L-cells by counterstream centrifugal elutriation. We performed release assays on the cultured cells after 36 h, and GLP-1 in the supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) dose dependently stimulated the release of GLP-1 and resulted in a 2-fold increase at 100 nM GIP. This effect was fully inhibited by 10 nM somatostatin. However, neither basal or GIP stimulated GLP-1 secretion were affected by ambient glucose concentrations from 5-25 mM. The receptor-independent secretagogues beta phorbol myristate acetate and forskolin dose dependently increased the secretion of GLP-1; effects inhibited by staurosporine and H8 respectively. Costimulation with GIP and phorbol ester, but not forskolin, resulted in an additive response. Furthermore, the effect of GIP could be inhibited by H8 but not by staurosporine. These results indicate that glucose does not directly stimulate canine L-cells. It is more probable that glucose releases GIP from the upper intestine that in turn stimulates GLP-1 secretion. The ability of GIP to stimulate GLP-1 secretion is probably mediated through activation of protein kinase A.
Chambers dictionary of science and technology (2000)

Covering a diverse range of subjects including astronomy, behaviour, civil engineering, mineral extraction, textiles and zoology, this updated dictionary has over 50,000 entries, and 100 new panel entries to present topics in more detail.