gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Case of granulomatous rosacea: Sorting granulomatous rosacea from other granulomatous diseases that affect the face (2004)

Granulomatous rosacea is a variant of rosacea that may present similar to other granulomatous diseases. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with a 2-year history of facial erythema with multiple papules and pustules on the cheeks, chin, and glabella. The patient responded to minocycline, resulting in healing 6 months without residual scarring. This patient's clinical and histological presentation and treatment outcome are to our assessment consistent with granulomatous rosacea. However, other clinically and histologically related entities will be discussed. These entities include, but are not limited to, perioral dermatitis, granulomatous periorificial dermatitis, lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, facial afro-caribbean eruption syndrome, and sarcoidosis.
Modulation of azoxymethane-induced mutational activation of ras protooncogenese by chemopreventive agents in colon carcinogenesis (1994)

In our previous study, we demonstrated that azoxymethane (AOM) treatment significantly enhanced the expression of ras p21, the protein product of ras genes, and that the dietary administration of chemopreventive agents such as D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), exerted a significant inhibitory effect on AOM-induced ras p21 expression. In the present study, which is an extension of our earlier investigation, we have determined the effect of DFMO and piroxicam on mutational activation of ras protooncogenes during AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis. Groups of male F344 rats were fed the modified AIN-76A diet containing 0 or 150 p.p.m. piroxicam, or 4000 p.p.m. DFMO and administered s.c. AOM dissolved in normal saline at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly, for 4 weeks. Vehicle control groups received s.c. equal volumes of normal saline. Groups of animals were then killed at 0, 4, 16, 24 or 32 weeks after last AOM or saline injection. AOM-induced colon tumors and colonic mucosa from AOM treated as well as saline treated animals were analyzed for point mutations in K- and H-ras protooncogenes by a combination of polymerase chain reaction mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate that of the total 65 AOM-induced colon tumors analyzed, 45/50 (90%) obtained from AOM-treated animals fed the control diet, 4/11 (36%) from AOM-treated animals fed piroxicam diet, and 1/4 (25%) from AOM-treated animals fed the DFMO diet, contained single-point mutations occurring specifically at the second nucleotide of codon 12 which were identified exclusively as G to A transitions in case of K-ras, and G to A transitions and also G to T transversions in H-ras. Similar point mutations were identified in colonic mucosa of 21/30 (70%) of AOM-treated animals fed the control diet, 10/30 (33%) of AOM-treated animals fed piroxicam diet, and none of 30 (0%) of AOM-treated animals fed DFMO diet. These results indicate that the administration of piroxicam and DFMO may inhibit the selective amplification of AOM-induced initiated cells carrying mutated ras genes. Dietary DFMO exerted more pronounced inhibition of selective amplification of initiated cells containing AOM-induced mutant ras. Data suggest that determination of ras activation may be a useful marker for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
Quantitation of L-selectin distribution on human leukocyte microvilli by immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. (1996)

L-Selectin is a leukocyte cell adhesion receptor that contributes to neutrophil (PMN) rolling on activated endothelium at sites of inflammation and mediates lymphocyte attachment to high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes. Localization of this receptor to the tips of PMN and lymphocyte microvilli has been demonstrated. However, its distribution on these cells has not been quantified, and its localization on other leukocytes and the morphometry of microvilli on different leukocyte subpopulations have not been previously examined. In this study, PMN and mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from anticoagulated blood by dextran sedimentation and density centrifugation, fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.05% glutaraldehyde, immunogold-labeled for L-selectin, and embedded in Epon resin. The distribution of L-selectin was determined by counting gold particles on the plasma membrane of sectioned cells, and the surface microstructure of these cells was surveyed on two-dimensional transmission electron micrographs. On average, 78% of PMN, 72% of monocyte, and 71% of lymphocyte L-selectin was observed on the microvilli, with more variance on lymphocytes than the other cell types. Typical PMN and monocyte sections had 26 microvilli, whereas typical lymphocyte sections had 23. Quantitation of the distribution of L-selectin and leukocyte surface topology offers a foundation from which to study the requirement of microvilli or microvillus-localized L-selectin for leukocyte tethering and rolling in model systems that mimic microvascular environments.
Two interacting mutations causing temperature-sensitive phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in Escherichia coli membranes (1981)

A conditionally lethal mutant of Escherichia coli lacking phosphatidylglycerol in vivo at 42 degrees C has been previously isolated by two-stage mutagenesis (M. Nishijima and C. R. H. Raetz, J. Biol. Chem. 254:7837-7844, 1979). In the first step (designated pgsA444) the phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase is partially inactivated, but the resulting strain continues to make about two-thirds of the normal level of phosphatidylglycerol and is not temperature sensitive. The second lesion, termed pgsB1, causes temperature-sensitive growth and phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in strains harboring pgsA444. The pgsA locus appears to be the structural gene for the synthetase and maps near min 42. In the present study we mapped the pgsB1 mutation and characterized its interaction with pgsA444 by genetic and biochemical methods. Unexpectedly, pgsB1 was not a second lesion in the pgsA structural gene, but rather mapped at a distinct site near minute 4. P1 vir-mediated contransduction suggested the gene order pantonA-dapD-pgsB-dnaE (clockwise). Independent evidence for the genetic mapping was provided by the identification of two hybrid ColE1 plasmids (pLC26-43 and pLC34-20. L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) which both carry pgsB+ and dnaE+. Introduction of either the pgsA+ or the pgsB+ gene (via episomes, hybrid plasmids or P1 vir transduction) suppressed the temperature sensitivity of the double mutant (pgsA444 pgsB1) and restored normal levels of phosphatidylglycerol at 42 degrees C. In addition, strains with the pgsA+ pgsB1 genotype produced a novel lipid (X) at all temperatures, whereas the double mutant (pgsA444 pgsB1) contained two unusual lipids (X and Y) after 3 h at 42 degrees C. Both X and Y are precursors of lipopolysaccharide, and introduction of pgsB+ into the double mutant caused the disappearance of X and Y. Although the biochemical basis of the pgsB1 lesion is unknown, its existence suggests a previously unrecognized link between lipopolysaccharide and phosphatidylglycerol syntheses in E. coli.
Design and Analysis of Transmit/Receive Switch in Triple-Well CMOS for MIMO Wireless Systems (2007)

This paper presents the design and analysis of an RF transmit/receive switch in CMOS for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. First, both full-range and abridged quad-pole quad-throw (4P4T) switch architectures for MIMO systems with four antenna elements are comparatively studied. The full-range 4P4T switch is selected for circuit implementation because of its more switching states and lower insertion loss. The series connection and body-floating techniques are then employed in the circuit design to achieve an acceptable performance. Fabricated in 0.12-mum triple-well CMOS with an effective die area 0.35times0.19 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the 4P4T switch exhibits less than 2.7-dB insertion loss and higher than 20-dB isolation over the frequency range from 2 to 10 GHz. It also attains measured power-handling capability more than 25 dBm at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
Downregulation of interleukin 8 gene expression in human fibroblasts: unique mechanism of transcriptional inhibition by interferon. (1992)

The chemotactic cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) is produced upon stimulation by various agents in many cell types, including connective-tissue fibroblasts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1 are potent inducers of IL-8 expression. Earlier we showed that TNF-induced stimulation of IL-8 mRNA accumulation in human FS-4 fibroblasts was inhibited by interferon beta (IFN-beta) or IFN-gamma. Here we show that this inhibition is not specific for TNF, since IFN-beta also reduced IL-8 mRNA accumulation induced by IL-1 or the double-stranded RNA poly (I-C). Treatment with IFN-beta also decreased TNF-induced IL-8 protein accumulation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect was much less pronounced when IFN-beta was added greater than or equal to 1 hr before TNF. The inhibitory action of IFN-beta on IL-8 mRNA accumulation was undiminished in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that IFN-beta caused a marked inhibition of TNF-induced IL-8 gene transcription; the transcriptional activation of several other TNF-induced genes was not inhibited by IFN-beta. The results suggest that the specific inhibition of the transcriptional activation of IL-8 by IFN is due either to a transient inactivation of a factor required for IL-8 transcription or to the activation of a selective inhibitory factor.
Classification of R1 resections for pancreatic cancer: the prognostic relevance of tumour involvement within 1 mm of a resection margin (2009)

Our results indicate that cases with microscopic tumour involvement within 1 mm of a resection margin should be considered synonymous with incomplete excision for resected pancreatic cancer.
Interleukin 1 and interleukin 1 inhibitor production by human macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. Respiratory syncytial virus is a potent inducer of inhibitor activity. (1986)

Respiratory viral infections are commonly associated with altered immune responses, such as proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. To examine potential mechanisms, we examined production of IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors by purified human peripheral blood-derived macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor activities in supernatant fluids from macrophages exposed to the viruses 24 h previously were measured using the standard mouse thymocyte comitogen assay. Crude fluids from macrophages exposed to influenza virus contained substantial IL-1 activity, whereas crude fluids from macrophages exposed to RSV contained marked IL-1 inhibitor activity. Assays with gel filtration-separated fractions revealed that both influenza virus and RSV induced production of both IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors. Neither IL-2 nor IL-2 inhibitor activities were detected. Thus, effects of human macrophage-derived factors on thymocyte proliferation, or potentially on human lymphocyte proliferation, may reflect the total or net activity of multiple composite factors, the balance of which varies according to the challenge. The data raise the possibility that marked production of IL-1 inhibitor activity in response to RSV plays a role in the clinical recurrence of RSV infection despite the absence of clear evidence for antigenic shift or drift of the virus.
Campylobacter pylori virulence factors in gnotobiotic piglets (1989)

Thirty-three gnotobiotic piglets from four litters were challenged with motile and nonmotile strains of Campylobacter pylori. The most motile strain, 26695, was the most virulent, with a 100% infection rate. The least motile strain, Tx30a, was the least virulent, with an infection rate of only 17%. Strain 60190 was weakly motile and had intermediate virulence, with an infection rate of 40%. Strains recovered from piglets were more motile than the challenge strains. The challenge strains also differed in cytotoxin production. The least virulent strain, Tx30a, was nontoxigenic, while the other two strains produced high levels of cytotoxin. Thus, virulence of C. pylori for gnotobiotic piglets correlated very well with motility and not as well with cytotoxin production.
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (SLC10A1) deficiency: Conjugated hypercholanemia without a clear clinical phenotype (2014)

We describe the identification of NTCP deficiency as a new inborn error of metabolism with a relatively mild clinical phenotype. The identification of NTCP deficiency confirms that this transporter is the main import system for conjugated bile salts into the liver but also indicates that auxiliary transporters are able to sustain the enterohepatic cycle in its absence.
Application of a Capillary Microreactor for Selective Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes in Aqueous Multiphase Catalysis (2005)

The direct regioselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in aqueous multiphase catalysis was investigated in a capillary microreactor. By connecting two mixers in line, a regular and stable alternating plug flow behavior could be generated, allowing accurate measurement of the plug geometry and hence the calculation of the specific surface area relevant for mass transport.
Potential antitumor agents. 61. Structure-activity relationships for in vivo colon 38 activity among disubstituted 9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acids (1991)

Analogues of 9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acid (XAA) bearing small, lipophilic 5-substituents are among the most dose-potent compounds yet reported with the capability of causing hemorrhagic necrosis of implanted colon 38 tumors in mice. To further extend structure-activity relationships among this class of compound, a series of XAA derivatives bearing two small lipophilic groups at various positions have been prepared and evaluated. The 5,6-disubstituted compounds in particular show consistently high levels of both dose potency and activity, suggesting this is the optimal configuration among substituted 9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acids. The 5,6- dimethyl and 5-methyl-6-methoxy are the most effective analogues, showing in vivo colon 38 activity comparable to that of FAA at 10-15-fold lower doses and superior activity to FAA at the respective optimal doses, and the former has been selected for detailed evaluation.
Handbook of Affinity Chromatography (1993)

Outlining the fundamental principles by which all interactions occur, this reference focuses on harnessing the biochemistry of bioorganic compounds in order to separate them, presenting new techniques and applications that affect the planning of research strategies. The contributors discuss how to c
Generalized B pictures and the draft H.264/AVC video-compression standard (2003)

This paper reviews recent advances in using B pictures in the context of the draft H.264/AVC video-compression standard. We focus on reference picture selection and linearly combined motion-compensated prediction signals. We show that bidirectional prediction exploits partially the efficiency of combined prediction signals whereas multihypothesis prediction allows a more general form of B pictures. The general concept of linearly combined prediction signals chosen from an arbitrary set of reference pictures improves the H.264/AVC test model TML-9 which is used in the following. We outline H.264/AVC macroblock prediction modes for B pictures, classify them into four groups and compare their efficiency in terms of rate-distortion performance. When investigating multihypothesis prediction, we show that bidirectional prediction is a special case of this concept. Multihypothesis prediction allows also two combined forward prediction signals. Experimental results show that this case is also advantageous in terms of compression efficiency. The draft H.264/AVC video-compression standard offers improved entropy coding by context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding. Simulations show that the gains by multihypothesis prediction and arithmetic coding are additive. B pictures establish an enhancement layer and are predicted from reference pictures that are provided by the base layer. The quality of the base layer influences the rate-distortion trade-off for B pictures. We demonstrate how the quality of the B pictures should be reduced to improve the overall rate-distortion performance of the scalable representation.
Anthrax toxin: a tripartite lethal combination1 (2002)

Anthrax is a severe bacterial infection that occurs when Bacillus anthracis spores gain access into the body and germinate in macrophages, causing septicemia and toxemia. Anthrax toxin is a binary A-B toxin composed of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). PA mediates the entry of either LF or EF into the cytosol of host cells. LF is a zinc metalloprotease that inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inducing cell death, and EF is an adenylyl cyclase impairing host defences. Inhibitors targeting different steps of toxin activity have recently been developed. Anthrax toxin has also been exploited as a therapeutic agent against cancer.
Targeted Deletion of fgl2 Leads to Impaired Regulatory T Cell Activity and Development of Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis (2008)

Mice with targeted deletion of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) spontaneously developed autoimmune glomerulonephritis with increasing age, as did wild-type recipients reconstituted with fgl2-/- bone marrow. These data implicate FGL2 as an important immunoregulatory molecule and led us to identify the underlying mechanisms. Deficiency of FGL2, produced by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg), resulted in increased T cell proliferation to lectins and alloantigens, Th 1 polarization, and increased numbers of Ab-producing B cells following immunization with T-independent Ags. Dendritic cells were more abundant in fgl2-/- mice and had increased expression of CD80 and MHCII following LPS stimulation. Treg cells were also more abundant in fgl2-/- mice, but their suppressive activity was significantly impaired. Ab to FGL2 completely inhibited Treg cell activity in vitro. FGL2 inhibited dendritic cell maturation and induced apoptosis of B cells through binding to the low-affinity FcgammaRIIB receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that FGL2 contributes to Treg cell activity and inhibits the development of autoimmune disease.
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer - Fourth Edition (1996)

Keywords: chaleur: transfert de: : : ; masse: transfert de: : : ; conduction: : : ; convection: : : ; ecoulement: : : ; evaporation: : : ; condensation: : : ; chaleur: echangeurs de: : : ; radiations: : : ; interface: liquide: gaz: ; diffusion: : : Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Transient opening of the perineurial barrier for analgesic drug delivery (2012)

Selective targeting of sensory or nociceptive neurons in peripheral nerves remains a clinically desirable goal. Delivery of promising analgesic drugs is often impeded by the perineurium, which functions as a diffusion barrier attributable to tight junctions. We used perineurial injection of hypertonic saline as a tool to open the perineurial barrier transiently in rats and elucidated the molecular action principle in mechanistic detail: Hypertonic saline acts via metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The noncatalytic hemopexin domain of MMP9 binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, triggers phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and induces down-regulation of the barrier-forming tight junction protein claudin-1. Perisciatic injection of any component of this pathway, including MMP9 hemopexin domain or claudin-1 siRNA, enables an opioid peptide ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin) and a selective sodium channel (NaV1.7)-blocking toxin (ProToxin-II) to exert antinociceptive effects without motor impairment. The latter, as well as the classic TTX, blocked compound action potentials in isolated nerves only after disruption of the perineurial barrier, which, in return, allowed endoneurally released calcitonin gene-related peptide to pass through the nerve sheaths. Our data establish the function and regulation of claudin-1 in the perineurium as the major sealing component, which could be modulated to facilitate drug delivery or, potentially, reseal the barrier under pathological conditions.
Predicting New Indications for Approved Drugs Using a Proteochemometric Method (2012)

The most effective way to move from target identification to the clinic is to identify already approved drugs with the potential for activating or inhibiting unintended targets (repurposing or repositioning). This is usually achieved by high throughput chemical screening, transcriptome matching, or simple in silico ligand docking. We now describe a novel rapid computational proteochemometric method called "train, match, fit, streamline" (TMFS) to map new drug-target interaction space and predict new uses. The TMFS method combines shape, topology, and chemical signatures, including docking score and functional contact points of the ligand, to predict potential drug-target interactions with remarkable accuracy. Using the TMFS method, we performed extensive molecular fit computations on 3671 FDA approved drugs across 2335 human protein crystal structures. The TMFS method predicts drug-target associations with 91% accuracy for the majority of drugs. Over 58% of the known best ligands for each target were correctly predicted as top ranked, followed by 66%, 76%, 84%, and 91% for agents ranked in the top 10, 20, 30, and 40, respectively, out of all 3671 drugs. Drugs ranked in the top 1-40 that have not been experimentally validated for a particular target now become candidates for repositioning. Furthermore, we used the TMFS method to discover that mebendazole, an antiparasitic with recently discovered and unexpected anticancer properties, has the structural potential to inhibit VEGFR2. We confirmed experimentally that mebendazole inhibits VEGFR2 kinase activity and angiogenesis at doses comparable with its known effects on hookworm. TMFS also predicted, and was confirmed with surface plasmon resonance, that dimethyl celecoxib and the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib can bind cadherin-11, an adhesion molecule important in rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognosis malignancies for which no targeted therapies exist. We anticipate that expanding our TMFS method to the >27 000 clinically active agents available worldwide across all targets will be most useful in the repositioning of existing drugs for new therapeutic targets.
A 45nm 4Gb 3-Dimensional Double-Stacked Multi-Level NAND Flash Memory with Shared Bitline Structure (2008)

Recently, 3-dimensional (3D) memories have regained attention as a potential future memory solution featuring low cost, high density and high performance. We present a 3D double stacked 4Gb MLC NAND flash memory device with shared bitline structure, with a cell size of 0.0021mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /bit per unit feature area. The device is designed to support 3D stacking and fabricated by S3 and 45nm floating-gate CMOS technologies.