gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Hormone Action in Cell Culture: Demonstration of Nuclear Receptors in Intact Cells and Isolated Nuclei (1973)

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine induce a 3-fold increase in the rate of growth of GH(1) cells in culture. To study further the action of these hormones, we examined the binding of [(125)I]triiodothyronine and purified [(125)I]thyroxine to cellular fractions after incubation with intact cells in serum-free medium. High-affinity, low-capacity binding sites for the hormones were demonstrated in nuclear but not in mitochondrial or cytosol fractions. Chromatographic analysis of the bound nuclear radioactivity from cells incubated with [(125)I]thyroxine demonstrated 97% thyroxine, 1% iodide, and 1% triiodothyronine. Apparent equilibrium dissociation constants, determined by Scatchard analysis, were 29 pM for triidothyronine and 260 pM for thyroxine. The maximal binding capacity was identical for both hormones, with about 5000 sites per cell nucleus. [(125)I]Thyroxine binding was competitively inhibited by triiodothyronine. These data suggest that triiodothyronine and thyroxine interact with identical nuclear receptors, and that conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine may not be a prerequisite for biologic activity. Similar high-affinity, low-capacity nuclear binding sites were also demonstrated by incubation of [(125)I]triidothyronine directly with isolated nuclei. Incubation of cells with increasing concentrations of nonradioactive triidothyronine results in a subsequent increase in binding when [(125)I]triiodothyronine is then incubated directly with isolated nuclei. This result suggests that nuclear receptors are not fixed, but increase after exposure of intact cells to hormone. This increase in nuclear receptor content may result from the transfer of an unstable cytosol receptor to the nucleus.
Kibdelins (AAD-609), novel glycopeptide antibiotics. II Isolation, purification and structure. (1986)

A new glycopeptide antibiotic complex was isolated from the fermentation culture of Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. largum (SK&F AAD-609) by affinity chromatography on a D-alanyl-D-alanine agarose column. This major components of the complex were resolved by preparative reversed-phase HPLC. Mild acid hydrolysis showed that the new antibiotics have the same mannosyl aglycon (2) as the aridicins. FAB mass spectrometry, isoelectric focusing, potentiometric titration and carbohydrate and fatty acid analyses were used to determine the structures of the five major components of the complex. These studies showed that the kibdelins differ from the aridicins only in the oxidation level at the C-6 position of the amino sugar. Kibdelin A (5), B (6), C1 (7), C2 (8) and D (9) are a series of N-acylglucosamine analogs containing saturated straight and branched chain C10-C12 fatty acids whereas, in kibdelin D the fatty acid component is (Z)-4-decenoic acid.
Complement C4 monitoring in the follow-up of chronic hepatitis C treatment (2002)

The overall role of complement in the host--pathogen relationship is now well understood. However, its involvement at a chronic stage of infection, such as chronic hepatitis C, is less well documented. Here, results are reported which point to the use of specific C4 monitoring in the follow-up of HCV patients. This study concerns 66 patients with chronic HCV infection, treated with interferon alpha 2b alone or with interferon alpha 2b + ribavirin, and 50 healthy adults as controls. Complement blood tests were performed to measure C1q, C3, C4, mannan binding lectin (MBL), C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes, total (CH50) and C4 (C4H) haemolytic activity; specific C4 activity was taken as the C4H/C4 protein ratio. Rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were also measured. A significant reduction in CH50 and specific C4 activity in HCV patients, compared with the healthy controls, was observed before the onset of treatment; the other parameters were not affected and no C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes were detected. At the same time, a significant reduction in specific C4 activity was observed in relapsers compared with sustained responders. These results point to a potential predictive function of C4 specific activity to monitor the response to therapy. Restoration of specific C4 activity at 6 months was better in responders than in non-responders. Complement activation in chronic hepatitis C does not seem to involve the C1 stage of the classical pathway. A negative correlation between specific C4 activity and RF titres suggests a possible involvement of RF in C4 activation, via the lectin pathway. Specific C4 monitoring appears to be a valuable tool for the follow-up of chronic hepatitis C treatment, together with the other conventional investigations.
Semiautomated procedures for evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the diagnosis of alcohol abuse (1997)

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) may now be the most valuable biological marker for diagnosis of alcohol abuse. We compared the diagnostic performance of two new CDT tests, Axis %CDT turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) and Axis %CDT HPLC, against Specialty Laboratories' isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting/laser densitometry (IEF/IB/LD). Both Axis tests include one-half the concentration of trisialotransferrin isoforms in their CDT quantitation schemes. Considering an alcohol abuse prevalence of 7%, Axis %CDT TIA shows a sensitivity of 87% at 98% specificity and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.75; %CDT HPLC shows a sensitivity of 87% at 100% specificity for a PPV of 1, and the IEF/IB/LD shows 81% sensitivity at 94% specificity for a PPV of 0.5. All three CDT tests show the same negative predictive value (0.98). Both Axis procedures perform better than IEF/IB/LD in the diagnosis of alcohol abuse; %CDT TIA is available in several semiautomated, cost-effective formats.
A Helmet-Mounted Virtual Environment Display System (1989)

This paper presents a simple, inexpensive design of a helmet-mounted color display system. The sys-tem can be mounted on a variety of helmets, including a bicycle helmet. Color LCD displays are used. The optical decisions are discussed as well as limitations of the system. The entire helmet-mounted system cost about $1000 to build using off the shelf, readily available hardware, with the exception of the Polhemus tracking device. Issues of depth perception are discussed. Predictive tracking is implemented using a simple Kalman filter.
Diagnostic Imaging with Light (1997)

This paper reviews the evolution of optical imaging in diagnostic radiology and examines recent progress. Although the idea has been around for many decades, interest in the development of an effective method has never been so great. Optical imaging presents several potential advantages over existing radiological techniques. First, the radiation is non-ionizing and therefore reasonable doses can be repeatedly employed without harm to the patient. Second, optical methods offer the potential to differentiate between soft tissues with different optical absorption or scatter, but which are indistinguishable using other modalities. And third, specific absorption by natural chromophores (such as haemoglobin) allows functional information to be obtained. Principal clinical applications include a means of detecting breast disease and a cerebral imaging modality for mapping oxygenation and haemodynamics in the brain of newborn infants or cortical functional activity in adults. Past attempts to image tissues with light have been severely restricted by the overwhelming scatter which occurs when optical radiation spreads through tissue: however, recent innovations in technology have suggested once again that it may be a practical possibility.
Characterization of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Promoter (1995)

To elucidate the functional elements that are involved in the regulation of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene, transient expression, DNase I footprinting, and gel mobility shift analyses were conducted. We found that the hGR promoter region between -700 and +38 bp contained 11 footprinted sites. Deletion of the -374 to -183 bp region, which is highly conserved between human and mouse (93%), induced a 5-24-fold reduction in promoter activity in HeLa, NIH3T3, CV1, and HepG2 cells. Three footprints, FP5, FP6, and FP7, were shown to map to this region. In particular, the FP7 site was found to be within the -374 to -347 bp region. Deletion of this region triggered a significant decline in promoter activity in HeLa and NIH3T3 cells but not in HepG2 cells. AP2 was found to bind FP7. In HepG2 cells AP2 elicited transactivation of the hGR promoter activity. Transfection data revealed that the upstream GC box-rich fragment between -700 and -375 bp induced a 4-7-fold activation of the heterologous tk promoter in an orientation-independent manner. Our studies demonstrate that several transcription factors are involved in regulating GR expression and that AP2 could function as an important positive regulator of GR promoter activity.
A novel approach for the identification of protein-protein interaction with integral membrane proteins (2001)

Protein-protein interaction plays a major role in all biological processes. The currently available genetic methods such as the two-hybrid system and the protein recruitment system are relatively limited in their ability to identify interactions with integral membrane proteins. Here we describe the development of a reverse Ras recruitment system (reverse RRS), in which the bait used encodes a membrane protein. The bait is expressed in its natural environment, the membrane, whereas the protein partner (the prey) is fused to a cytoplasmic Ras mutant. Protein-protein interaction between the proteins encoded by the prey and the bait results in Ras membrane translocation and activation of a viability pathway in yeast. We devised the expression of the bait and prey proteins under the control of dual distinct inducible promoters, thus enabling a rapid selection of transformants in which growth is attributed solely to specific protein-protein interaction. The reverse RRS approach greatly extends the usefulness of the protein recruitment systems and the use of integral membrane proteins as baits. The system serves as an attractive approach to explore novel protein-protein interactions with high specificity and selectivity, where other methods fail.
A simple geometric model for elastic deformations (2010)

We advocate a simple geometric model for elasticity: distance between the differential of a deformation and the rotation group. It comes with rigorous differential geometric underpinnings, both smooth and discrete, and is computationally almost as simple and efficient as linear elasticity. Owing to its geometric non-linearity, though, it does not suffer from the usual linearization artifacts. A material model with standard elastic moduli (Lamé parameters) falls out naturally, and a minimizer for static problems is easily augmented to construct a fully variational 2nd order time integrator. It has excellent conservation properties even for very coarse simulations, making it very robust.
Molecular cloning of eucaryotic genes required for excision repair of UV-irradiated DNA: isolation and partial characterization of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)

We describe the molecular cloning of a 6-kilobase (kb) fragment of yeast chromosomal DNA containing the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When present in the autonomously replicating yeast cloning vector YEp24, this fragment transformed two different UV-sensitive, excision repair-defective rad3 mutants of S. cerevisiae to UV resistance. The same result was obtained with a variety of other plasmids containing a 4.5-kb subclone of the 6-kb fragment. The UV sensitivity of mutants defective in the RAD1, RAD2, RAD4, and RAD14 loci was not affected by transformation with these plasmids. The 4.5-kb fragment was subcloned into the integrating yeast vector YIp5, and the resultant plasmid was used to transform the rad3-1 mutant to UV resistance. Both genetic and physical studies showed that this plasmid integrated by homologous recombination into the rad3 site uniquely. We conclude from these studies that the cloned DNA that transforms the rad3-1 mutant to UV resistance contains the yeast chromosomal RAD3 gene. The 4.5-kb fragment was mapped by restriction analysis, and studies on some of the subclones generated from this fragment indicate that the RAD3 gene is at least 1.5 kb in size.
Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit (2002)

Using cDNA microarrays, a comprehensive investigation of gene expression was carried out in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit to understand the flow of events associated with its maturation and non-climacteric ripening. We detected key processes and novel genes not previously associated with fruit development and ripening, related to vascular development, oxidative stress, and auxin response. Microarray analysis during fruit development and in receptacle and seed (achene) tissues established an interesting parallelism in gene expression between the transdifferentiation of tracheary elements in Zinnia elegans and strawberry. One of the genes, CAD, common to both systems and encoding the lignin-related protein cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, was immunolocalized to immature xylem cells of the vascular bundles in the strawberry receptacle. To examine the importance of oxidative stress in ripening, gene expression was compared between fruit treated on-vine with a free radical generator and non-treated fruit. Of 46 genes induced, 20 were also ripening regulated. This might suggest that active gene expression is induced to cope with oxidative stress conditions during ripening or that the strawberry ripening transcriptional program is an oxidative stress-induced process. To gain insight into the hormonal control of non-climacteric fruit ripening, an additional microarray experiment was conducted comparing gene expression in fruit treated exogenously with auxin and control fruit. Novel auxin-dependent genes and processes were identified in addition to transcriptional programs acting independent of auxin mainly related to cell wall metabolism and stress response.
Preliminary design of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV with steerable vertical thrust effect (2010)

This paper presents the preliminary design of an aerial vehicle testbed based on the GFS-UAV implementation, namely the “CoandaJLTCraft”. The modified GFS-UAV design uses the Coanda principle to provide lift with enough Vertical Thrust (VT) generated by the Coanda flow. The lift coefficient of the Coanda profile is investigated in our laboratory. A novel steerable design is introduced. This novel design provides an alternative for directional controls and for enhancing the flight stability. Our experiment shows that the steerable configuration is valid up to 10 m/s of Coanda surface flow speed for indoor applications.
The Characteristics of a Low Temperature In Situ Shale Oil (1967)

Abstract A 40 degrees A.P.I. crude shale oil has been produced from the Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado by injection of hot natural gas at a controlled temperature. The quality of the shale oil differs very markedly from the customary shale oil from the same formation produced in a high temperature retort. The characteristics of the oil fractions have now been determined. These include distillation analyses, viscosity, and pour point determination. Kinetic data on the production of the shale oil under the conditions used in the field, but carried out on a small scale in the laboratory will be presented. A possible mechanism for the production of this oil, as well as a mechanism for the production of shale oil by more usual high temperature methods will be presented. TEXT Various methods for the production of shale oil by in situ techniques are being investigated in the United States. The method with which this paper is concerned involves the use of hot natural gas as the energy conveying medium to convert the kerogen in the oil shale to a petroleum like liquid. The basic concept, which was developed by the late J.L. Dougan of Equity Oil Company and tested in the Fuels Engineering Department laboratories at the University of Utah and subsequently field tested in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado, is basically a low temperature conversion and distillation process. Natural gas is heated to a temperature below its thermal decomposition temperature and injected through an insulated pipe into the Green River Oil Shale formation where it loses its heat rapidly to the oil shale, gradually raising the temperature of the shale toward that of the injected gas. The kerogen is converted to bitumen and finally to a low pour point, high gravity crude oil. Since the temperature of the natural gas is below that for thermal decomposition of the mineral carbonates in the oil shale, little CO2 is produced. The natural gas is compatible with the oil, being soluble in it; this aids in the penetration of the formation by the natural gas and in the heat transfer. Since the heating gas is completely free from oxygen, no oxidation induced polymerization of the oil occurs. Prior to the field experiment, oil shale cores from the Piceance Creek Basin were heated in a natural gas stream under two conditions. Some experiments were run at a gas pressure of 300 lb/sq. inch.
Refolding Techniques for Recovering Biologically Active Recombinant Proteins from Inclusion Bodies (2014)

Biologically active proteins are useful for studying the biological functions of genes and for the development of therapeutic drugs and biomaterials in a biotechnology industry. Overexpression of recombinant proteins in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, often results in the formation of inclusion bodies, which are protein aggregates with non-native conformations. As inclusion bodies contain relatively pure and intact proteins, protein refolding is an important process to obtain active recombinant proteins from inclusion bodies. However, conventional refolding methods, such as dialysis and dilution, are time consuming and, often, recovered yields of active proteins are low, and a trial-and-error process is required to achieve success. Recently, several approaches have been reported to refold these aggregated proteins into an active form. The strategies largely aim at reducing protein aggregation during the refolding procedure. This review focuses on protein refolding techniques using chemical additives and laminar flow in microfluidic chips for the efficient recovery of active proteins from inclusion bodies.
Emotional Intelligence, MotivationalOrientations, and Motivational Learning Effort and Achievement in Spanishas a Foreign Language (2010)

There is a general feeling that the role of emotions has not been well studied yet in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and, as a consequence, there is a growing interest to include the role of emotions as a new source of students’ individual differences (IDs) in the research agenda. MacIntyre (2002) argued that emotion “just might be the fundamental basis of motivation, one deserving far greater attention in the language learning domain” (p. 45). Dornyei & Skehan (2003) listed some basic challenges that most motivation theories have failed to address adequately, including “integrating emotional influences into the primarily cognitive paradigms” (p. 616). Similarly, Dewaele (2005) argued in favor of broadening the field of instructed SLA by including the emotional dimension in research in order to provide crucial theoretical insights into SLA that are now absent. One concern is whether SLA researchers should concentrate on the relevance of isolated emotions, or if a broader construct capable of integrating all possible feelings might have a greater predictive power. Happiness, embarrassment, anxiousness, nervousness, depression, euphoria, humiliation, and anger are some examples of the emotions students can exhibit in the language learning classroom. In fact, MacIntyre (2002) stated that “to some extent language learning itself is prone to creating intense emotion” (p. 67). Studying emotions one at a time would require an agreement on the definition of what differentiates a given emotion from a similar one if, for example, both of them are members of the same family. In the field of psychology some theorists propose basic families, though not all agree on them. Grief, sorrow, cheerlessness, gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness, dejection, despair, and even severe depression had been included under the family entitled sadness. However, there is a recent theoretical construct that incorporates all possible feelings as well as emotional skills into a unified framework, by following the expansion of the scope of traditional intelligence proposed by Gardner (1983). This construct is the theory of Emotional Intelligence (EI).
Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of BRAF and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Chinese Population (2012)

These preliminary results may provide evidence for the involvement of the common genetic variants scattered throughout the BRAF oncogene in the prediction of PTC onset and progression. In the future, enlarging the number of samples and performing functional studies in this gene may help to validate whether the association truly exists.
Satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes for use in gene therapy. (2001)

Satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes (SATACs) can be made by induced de novo chromosome formation in cells of different mammalian species. These artificially generated accessory chromosomes are composed of predictable DNA sequences and they contain defined genetic information. Prototype human SATACs have been successfully constructed in different cell types from 'neutral' endogenous DNA sequences from the short arm of the human chromosome 15. SATACs have already passed a number of hurdles crucial to their further development as gene therapy vectors, including: large-scale purification; transfer of purified artificial chromosomes into different cells and embryos; generation of transgenic animals and germline transmission with purified SATACs; and the tissue-specific expression of a therapeutic gene from an artificial chromosome in the milk of transgenic animals.