gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NAMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN A DECENTRALIZED COMPUTER SYSTEM (1978)

In this dissertation, a new approach to the synchronization of accesses to shared data objects is developed. Traditional approaches to the synchronization problems of shared data accessed by concurrently running computations have relied on mutual exclusion -- the ability of one computation to stop the execution of other computations that might access or change shared data accessed by that computation. Our approach is quite different. We regard an object that is modifiable as a sequence of immutable versions, each version is the state of the object after an update is made to the object. Synchronization can then be treated as a mechanism for naming versions to be read and for defining where in the sequence of versions the version resulting from some update should be placed. In systems based on mutual exclusion, the timing of accesses selects the versions accessed. In the system developed here, called NAMOS, versions have two component names consisting of the name of an object and a pseudo-time, the name of the system state to which the version belongs. By giving programs control over the pseudo-time in which an access is made, synchronization of accesses to multiple objects is simplified.
Clock and data recovery for 1.25 Gb/s Ethernet transceiver in 0.35 μm CMOS (2003)

A Clock/Data recovery (CDR) PLL with a VCO running at half the rate for gigabit serial data communication is described. A Novel feedback biasing circuit technique is used between the VCO and the charge pump to minimize any systematic phase offset error due to process and temperature variations. The receiver gain is boosted at high frequencies to compensate for the loss introduced by the cable. Improved CML logic is used to broadband the signal path. The CDR core consumes 150 mW at 3.3 V in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS, and has a Bit-Error Rate (BER) of 10/sup -14/ for the input jitter of 500 ps.
Dirty Pixels: Optimizing Image Classification Architectures for Raw Sensor Data (2017)

Real-world sensors suffer from noise, blur, and other imperfections that make high-level computer vision tasks like scene segmentation, tracking, and scene understanding difficult. Making high-level computer vision networks robust is imperative for real-world applications like autonomous driving, robotics, and surveillance. We propose a novel end-to-end differentiable architecture for joint denoising, deblurring, and classification that makes classification robust to realistic noise and blur. The proposed architecture dramatically improves the accuracy of a classification network in low light and other challenging conditions, outperforming alternative approaches such as retraining the network on noisy and blurry images and preprocessing raw sensor inputs with conventional denoising and deblurring algorithms. The architecture learns denoising and deblurring pipelines optimized for classification whose outputs differ markedly from those of state-of-the-art denoising and deblurring methods, preserving fine detail at the cost of more noise and artifacts. Our results suggest that the best low-level image processing for computer vision is different from existing algorithms designed to produce visually pleasing images. The principles used to design the proposed architecture easily extend to other high-level computer vision tasks and image formation models, providing a general framework for integrating low-level and high-level image processing.
In vivo integrated flow image cytometry and lymph/blood vessels dynamic microscopy (2005)

The high spatial resolution (approximately 350 nm) transmission digital microscopy (TDM) was developed for real time in vivo imaging of microlymphatics of rat mesentery at a single cell level without any contrast agent. The main mesenteric microstructures (lymph-vessel diameter, valve geometry, cells, etc.) and their dynamics (wall motion, valve function, cell velocity, etc.) were monitored with TDM. Depending on structure size, different magnifications were used to image relatively large whole lymphangion (x4 to x10) as well as to image single cells (x40 to x100) in lymph and blood flow including estimation of their shape, size, and aggregation state. Various potential applications of the TDM for in vivo studies are discussed, including visualization of circulating cells in lymph and blood flows, studying the kinetics of platelets, leukocyte rolling, as well as imaging absorbing nonfluorescent mesentery structures and leukocytes with a high optical resolution.
Synthesis and Gene Delivery of Poly(amido amine)s with Different Branched Architecture (2010)

A general strategy to improve the transfection efficiency as well as lower the cytotoxicity for polycationic vectors has been developed. Through the polycondensation addition of N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine in a water/N,N-dimethylformamide cosolvent, a series of cationic poly(amido amine)s with same repeating units but different branched architecture have been prepared. With the increase in branched architecture, the cationic polymers become more and more compact, accompanied by the enhancement of primary and tertiary amino groups. Therefore, the buffering capacities and DNA condensation capabilities of cationic poly(amido amine)s are strengthened greatly, whereas the correspondent cytotoxicity decreases. Correspondingly, the transfection efficiency is improved by more than three orders of magnitude. The results of this study indicate that the gene delivery can be readily regulated by only changing the branched architecture of polycations.
Suppression of Interleukin-1β-induced Nitric-oxide Synthase Promoter/Enhancer Activity by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1996)

Nitric-oxide synthases (NOS) utilize L-arginine to produce NO, a potent vasodilator that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. We demonstrated previously that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 down-regulates inducible NOS after its induction by interleukin (IL)-1beta by decreasing the rate of inducible NOS gene transcription. In the present study we transfected reporter plasmids containing various lengths of the inducible NOS 5'-flanking region into primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells and stimulated the cells with IL-1beta or vehicle. IL-1beta increased the activity of the plasmid containing -1485 to +31 of the inducible NOS gene by more than 10-fold, indicating the presence of IL-1beta-responsive elements. Further deletion analysis revealed that a construct containing -234 to +31 of the inducible NOS gene contained the majority of promoter/enhancer activity after IL-1beta stimulation. Mutation of the NF-kappaB site within this region partially reduced IL-1beta-inducible activity; however, a large portion of activity remained independent of the NF-kappaB site. TGF-beta1 suppressed promoter/enhancer activity after IL-1beta stimulation, and this suppression was complete in the construct with a mutated NF-kappaB site. In addition, TGF-beta1 did not decrease the binding of nuclear proteins to the NF-kappaB site. These data suggest that the ability of TGF-beta1 to suppress inducible NOS promoter/enhancer activity occurs through a site(s) other than the NF-kappaB motif in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Very low insertion loss arrayed-waveguide grating with vertically tapered waveguides (2000)

We propose and demonstrate a very low insertion loss silica-based arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) achieved using a novel structure, which has vertically tapered waveguides between arrayed-waveguides to reduce the slab-to-arrayed-waveguide transition loss. A spot-size converter is also incorporated in the AWG to reduce the fiber-to-waveguide coupling loss. The structure can be formed by a process involving the conventional photolithography and reactive ion etching. The structure provided a loss reduction of 1.5 dB. Moreover, we have successfully obtained a minimum insertion loss of 0.75 dB with a crosstalk of -40 dB and polarization-independent operation.
A new method of TX leakage cancelation in W/CDMA and GPS receivers (2008)

The theory and practical implementation of a novel TX cancelation method in CDMA and GPS receivers are described. The method is similar to the continuous-time LMS algorithm, but uses the TX LO as the reference signal and low-pass filters instead of the integrators. The method was implemented as part of a 0.18 mum CMOS cellular-band receiver to cancel the TX leakage at the LNA input. The measured maximum rejection of the TX leakage is approximately 20 dB, the LNA NF is 1.8 dB, and the dc current consumption of the TX canceler is 4 mA.
Imaging Gene Expression Using Antibody Probes (2003)

The merger of multiple immunoflurescent labeling and the laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) has greatly enhanced experimentation in many areas of biomedical research. Recently, genetic tools have become available for marking individual cells, or cells within a tissue of genetically mosaic animals (,). These tools have been primarily developed in Drosophila and utilize protein epitopes for which commercial antibodies are available, such as the myc epitope (, ATCC and Oncogene Research) or an epitope in the CD-2 protein (, Serotec). Similarly, cell lineage experiments have been conducted in Drosophila (,), as well as in other organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans () or zebrafish (,), in which cells express either β-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein (GFP), are physically labeled with dextran coupled to a fluorophore () or are labeled with fluorescent lipophilic dyes, such as diI (). Multiple labeling experiments are then performed comparing the expression of these cell markers with endogenous protein(s) of interest.
(Invited) Amorphous Silicon Transistors and Integrated Circuits (1983)

Theoretical and experimental studies of amorphous-silicon field-effect-devices developed in Tokyo Institute of Technology are reviewed in this paper. Mobility as high as 1.9 cm 2 /Vsec, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the one reported to data, was observed. The first amorphous-silicon logic circuits, image sensors and charge coupled devices are presented. Problems which must be overcome, are described.
Fluoroaromatic−Fluoroaromatic Interactions between Inhibitors Bound in the Crystal Lattice of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (2001)

Intermolecular interactions of eleven different fluoroaromatic inhibitors are probed within the scaffolding of the crystal lattice of Phe-131-->Val carbonic anhydrase II. The degree and pattern of fluorine substitution on the inhibitor benzyl ring modulate its size, shape, and electronic character. In turn, these properties affect the geometry of intermolecular interactions between the fluoroaromatic rings of two different inhibitor molecules bound in the crystal lattice, as determined by X-ray crystallography. Depending on the degree and pattern of fluorine substitution, we observe a face-to-face (aromatic-aromatic) interaction, an atom-to-face (carbonyl-aromatic) interaction, or no interaction at all. These interaction geometries are analyzed with regard to van der Waals, electrostatic, and possible charge-transfer effects. For the aromatic-aromatic interactions investigated in this study, with aromatic ring quadrupoles specifically "tuned" by the degree and pattern of fluorination, the structural results suggest that London forces and charge-transfer complexation dominate over weakly polar electrostatic interactions in the association of aromatic ring pairs.
Spectra of photoneutrons produced by high-energy X-ray radiotherapy linacs (2008)

Spectral fluence of photoneutrons generated in the head of the radiotherapeutic linac Varian 2100 C/D was measured by means of the Bonner spheres spectrometer whose active detector of thermal neutrons was replaced by a track detector, i.e. a sandwich of four CR-39s with the boron radiator inserted between them. Measurements with different collimator settings showed that the fluence of photoneutrons was higher for the more open collimator.
Utility of immunohistochemical detection of prostate‐specific Ets for the diagnosis of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial lesions (2002)

Negative immunoreactivity for hPSE strongly suggests malignancy in the prostate glands. Decreased immunoreactivities of glands for hPSE could suggest PCA.
An investigation of the effects of hydroxyapatite coatings on the fixation strength of cortical screws (2004)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) are commonly applied to orthopaedic implants for acceleration of osteointegration and so overcoming the loosening problems such as in cortical screws. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydroxyapatite was applied for coating of cortical screws in this work. The effects of hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated cortical screws on insertion and extraction torque were investigated through in vivo experiments. Three groups of screws were undertaken: first group with no coating, second group coated with HA and the third group coated with HA+interlayer, a synthetic calcium silicate compound. Five sheep were operated, and 60 cortical (20 x 3) screws from those of groups were implanted in cortical femurs to observe the effect of HA and interlayer on screws. Results show that as an alternative to plasma spray coating method, the EPD process enables to produce a quick, easy, cheap and uniform adjustable coating layer. Also from biomechanical and SEM examinations, HA coating by EPD method of cortical screws resulted in extremely improved fixation with reduced risk of loosening problem.
Electrical activity of vertebrate photoreceptors (1970)

It has been known since the time of Schultze (1866) that in the vertebrate retina there are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, and that they serve different visual functions; rods for scotopic vision, and cones for photopic. The terminology originates from the shape of the outer segments in which the photosensitive pigment molecules are contained. The cone outer segments are conic and taper towards the tips, while the rod outer segments are typically cylindrical. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram from Brown, Gibbons &amp; Wald (1963) of the ultrastructure of the rod and cone outer segments of the mudpuppy, Necturus , as studied by electron microscopy. Both appear to be made up of a pile of transverse paired membranes. In cones these arise by infolding of the plasma membrane, and in rods they have probably arisen in a similar way, but each pair of membranes is sealed around the edge so as to form a closed double-membrane disc (Sjöstrand, 1961). Because of the universal lamellation within the rod and cone outer segments, it looks as if there were no appreciable intracellular space, but yet Toyoda, Nosaki &amp; Tomita (1969), and Toyoda et al. (1970) were successful in intracellular recording from the outer segments of single rods of the nocturnal gecko and frog.
Detection of replication-competent and pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus with a sensitive cell line on the basis of activation of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene (1992)

We have constructed a HeLa cell line that both expresses high levels of CD4 and contains a single integrated copy of a beta-galactosidase gene that is under the control of a truncated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). This cell line, called CD4-LTR/beta-gal, can be used to determine quantitatively the titer of laboratory-adapted HIV strains, and the method used to do so is as sensitive as the determination of viral titers in a T-cell line by end point dilution. Using this cell line as a titer system, we calculated that HIV-1 stocks contain only one infectious particle per 3,500 to 12,000 virions. Virus derived from a molecular clone of a macrophagetropic provirus will not infect this cell line. We have also cocultivated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from HIV-infected individuals with the CD4-LTR/beta-gal indicator cells. In a majority of primary isolates (five of eight), including isolates from asymptomatic patients, rare virus-infected cells that can activate the beta-galactosidase gene are present.
Current-driven switching of exchange biased spin-valve giant magnetoresistive nanopillars using a conducting nanoprobe (2004)

An array of exchange biased spin-valve giant-magnetoresistance nanopillars was fabricated and the current I dependence of the resistance R was investigated using an electrically conducting atomic-force microscope (AFM) probe contact at room temperature. We observed current induced switching in a MnIr∕CoFe∕Cu∕CoFe∕NiFe nanopillar using the AFM probe contact. Current-driven switching using nanoprobe contact is a powerful method for developing nonvolatile and rewritable magnetic memory with high density.
A novel integrin α 5 β 1 binding domain in module 4 of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes adhesion and migration of activated pancreatic stellate cells (2005)

A GVCTDGR sequence in module 4 of CCN2 is a novel integrin alpha5beta1 binding site that is essential for CCN2 stimulated functions in PSC and which represents a new therapeutic target in PSC mediated fibrogenesis.
Direct detection of trace levels of uranium by laser-induced kinetic phosphorimetry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect detection of trace levels of uranium by laser-induced kinetic phosphorimetryRossella. Brina and Allan G. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 13, 1413–1418Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00037a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00037a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nesting of colon and ovarian cancer cells in the endothelial niche is associated with alterations in glycan and lipid metabolism (2017)

The metabolic phenotype of a cancer cell is determined by its genetic makeup and microenvironment, which dynamically modulates the tumor landscape. The endothelial cells provide both a promoting and protective microenvironment - a niche for cancer cells. Although metabolic alterations associated with cancer and its progression have been fairly defined, there is a significant gap in our understanding of cancer metabolism in context of its microenvironment. We deployed an in vitro co-culture system based on direct contact of cancer cells with endothelial cells (E4<sup>+</sup>EC), mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Metabolism of colon (HTC15 and HTC116) and ovarian (OVCAR3 and SKOV3) cancer cell lines was profiled with non-targeted metabolic approaches at different time points in the first 48 hours after co-culture was established. We found significant, coherent and non-cell line specific changes in fatty acids, glycerophospholipids and carbohydrates over time, induced by endothelial cell contact. The metabolic patterns pinpoint alterations in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, glycosylation and lipid metabolism as crucial for cancer - endothelial cells interaction. We demonstrated that "Warburg effect" is not modulated in the initial stage of nesting of cancer cell in the endothelial niche. Our study provides novel insight into cancer cell metabolism in the context of the endothelial microenvironment.
Temporal Relationship of Hepatocellular Dysfunction and Ischemia in Sepsis (1988)

To determine whether hepatic dysfunction in sepsis results from hypoperfusion or direct cellular injury, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either cecal ligation and puncture or sham operation. After either two or six hours, effective hepatic blood flow was measured using the galactose clearance method. Hepatocytes were isolated and intracellular sodium and potassium and glucose production were measured. Hepatic blood flow in septic rats decreased as early as two hours after sepsis when compared with sham-operated rats (3.8 +/- 1.4 vs 8.7 +/- 3.1 mL/min/100 g body weight). Intracellular sodium and potassium levels and glucose production in septic rats were not significantly different when compared with controls at two hours. After six hours, hepatic blood flow remained depressed and intracellular sodium level was increased compared with sham-operated rats (41.7 +/- 10.4 vs 31.4 +/- 5.9 mmol/L [41.7 +/- 10.4 vs 31.4 +/- 5.9 mEq/L]) and potassium decreased compared with controls (90.7 +/- 7.9 vs 111.5 +/- 6.7 mmol/L [90.7 +/- 7.9 vs 111.5 +/- 6.7 mEq/L]). Glucose production was decreased in septic rats after six hours when compared with controls (4.7 +/- 1.5 vs 15.4 +/- 6.4 mumol/g hepatocytes). These data suggest that hepatic blood flow is decreased before alterations in intracellular sodium and potassium as well as glucose production.
Induction and maintenance of therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest: Efficacy of a surface cooling protocol* (2010)

A standard surface cooling protocol achieved rapid induction of hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest. During maintenance of hypothermia, 78% of measures were within target T 32°C-34°C. Commonly employed temperature sites (esophageal, rectal, and bladder) were similar. Overshoot hypothermia and associated side effects were common, but there were no serious adverse events attributable to induced therapeutic hypothermia in this case series. Surface cooling protocols to induce and maintain therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest are potentially feasible.
Natural language interfaces to databases – an introduction (1995)

Abstract This paper is an introduction to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBS). A brief overview of the history of NLIDBS is first given. Some advantages and disadvantages of NLIDBS are then discussed, comparing NLIDBS to formal query languages, form-based interfaces, and graphical interfaces. An introduction to some of the linguistic problems NLIDBS have to confront follows, for the benefit of readers less familiar with computational linguistics. The discussion then moves on to NLIDB architectures, portability issues, restricted natural language input systems (including menu-based NLIDBS), and NLIDBS with reasoning capabilities. Some less explored areas of NLIDB research are then presented, namely database updates, meta-knowledge questions, temporal questions, and multi-modal NLIDBS. The paper ends with reflections on the current state of the art.