gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfonamidothiazolones* (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonamidothiazolones*Maurice L. Moore and Charles S. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 10, 2781–2784Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01855a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01855a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyralomicins, Novel Antibiotics from Microtetraspora spiralis. II. Structure Determination. (1996)

Novel antibiotics, pyralomicins 1a approximately 1d, 2a approximately 2c were isolated from the culture broth of Microtetraspora spiralis MI178-34F18. The structures of pyralomicins were determined by various NMR spectral analyses including 1H-15N HMBC and 13C¿1H¿ NOE difference experiments.
Strength–Duration Relationship for Extracellular Neural Stimulation: Numerical and Analytical Models (2010)

The strength-duration relationship for extracellular stimulation is often assumed to be similar to the classical intracellular stimulation model, with a slope asymptotically approaching 1/τ at pulse durations shorter than chronaxy. We modeled extracellular neural stimulation numerically and analytically for several cell shapes and types of active membrane properties. The strength-duration relationship was found to differ significantly from classical intracellular models. At pulse durations between 4 μs and 5 ms stimulation is dominated by sodium channels, with a slope of -0.72 in log-log coordinates for the Hodgkin-Huxley ion channel model. At shorter durations potassium channels dominate and slope decreases to -0.13. Therefore the charge per phase is decreasing with decreasing stimulus duration. With pulses shorter than cell polarization time (∼0.1-1 μs), stimulation is dominated by polarization dynamics with a classical -1 slope and the charge per phase becomes constant. It is demonstrated that extracellular stimulation can have not only lower but also upper thresholds and may be impossible below certain pulse durations. In some regimes the extracellular current can hyperpolarize cells, suppressing rather than stimulating spiking behavior. Thresholds for burst stimuli can be either higher or lower than that of a single pulse, depending on pulse duration. The modeled thresholds were found to be comparable to published experimental data. Electroporation thresholds, which limit the range of safe stimulation, were found to exceed stimulation thresholds by about two orders of magnitude. These results provide a biophysical basis for understanding stimulation dynamics and guidance for optimizing the neural stimulation efficacy and safety.
Hole-filling of persistent spectral holes in the excitonic absorption band of CuBr quantum dots (1997)

Persistent spectral-holes (p-SH) are burned in the Z1,2 excitonic band of CuBr nanocrystals by a pulsed laser excitation. The annealing of p-SH is studied by three types of hole-filling (HF) experiments: (i) the spontaneous HF, (ii) thermally-induced HF, and (iii) the laser-induced HF. Results are compared to the well developed theory of the persistent spectral hole-burning (p-SHB) in the system of molecules in amorphous matrices. Both p-SHB and HF phenomena can be explained within the framework of a photochemical reaction like the photoionization of nanocrystals. The potential application of p-SHB to the frequency-domain optical data storage is discussed.
Multiparty Computation from Threshold Homomorphic Encryption (2000)

We introduce a new approach to multiparty computation (MPC) basing&lt;br /&gt;it on homomorphic threshold crypto-systems. We show that given&lt;br /&gt;keys for any sufficiently efficient system of this type, general MPC protocols&lt;br /&gt;for n players can be devised which are secure against an active&lt;br /&gt;adversary that corrupts any minority of the players. The total number of&lt;br /&gt;bits sent is O(nk|C|), where k is the security parameter and |C| is the size&lt;br /&gt;of a (Boolean) circuit computing the function to be securely evaluated.&lt;br /&gt;An earlier proposal by Franklin and Haber with the same complexity was&lt;br /&gt;only secure for passive adversaries, while all earlier protocols with active&lt;br /&gt;security had complexity at least quadratic in n. We give two examples&lt;br /&gt;of threshold cryptosystems that can support our construction and lead&lt;br /&gt;to the claimed complexities.
Orai1 and STIM Reconstitute Store-operated Calcium Channel Function (2006)

The two membrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1, have each been shown to be essential for the activation of store-operated channels (SOC). Yet, how these proteins functionally interact is not known. Here, we reveal that STIM1 and Orai1 expressed together reconstitute functional SOCs. Expressed alone, Orai1 strongly reduces store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current (I(CRAC)) in rat basophilic leukemia cells. However, expressed along with the store-sensing STIM1 protein, Orai1 causes a massive increase in SOCE, enhancing the rate of Ca(2+)entry by up to 103-fold. This entry is entirely store-dependent since the same coexpression causes no measurable store-independent Ca(2+) entry. The entry is completely blocked by the SOC blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate. Orai1 and STIM1 coexpression also caused a large gain in CRAC channel function in rat basophilic leukemia cells. The close STIM1 homologue, STIM2, inhibited SOCE when expressed alone but coexpressed with Orai1 caused substantial constitutive (store-independent) Ca(2+) entry. STIM proteins are known to mediate Ca(2+) store-sensing and endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane coupling with no intrinsic channel properties. Our results revealing a powerful gain in SOC function dependent on the presence of both Orai1 and STIM1 strongly suggest that Orai1 contributes the PM channel component responsible for Ca(2+) entry. The suppression of SOC function by Orai1 overexpression likely reflects a required stoichiometry between STIM1 and Orai1.
Camptothecin poly[n-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] copolymers in antitopoisomerase-I tumor therapy: intratumor release and antitumor efficacy. (2003)

Soluble copolymers of camptothecin (CPT), based on poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (pHPMA), were obtained by conjugation through the degradable spacers -Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly- or -Gly-6-aminohexanoyl-Gly-. We investigated to what extent passive accumulation and retention of hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer of CPT (pHPMA-CPT) in tumors and modulation of the drug release influence efficacy. Release of CPT in vivo was detected by time-resolved phase-shift fluorescence imaging on tumor specimens, based on the evidence that free and bound drug had different fluorescence lifetimes in solution. HT-29 murine specimens, obtained at several times after treatment with (3)H-labeled free CPT, pHPMA-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-CPT, or pHPMA-Gly-6-aminohexanoyl-Gly-CPT, were either imaged for time-resolved phase-shift fluorescence or subjected to autoradiography. Phase shifts of CPT conjugates were equal or longer than those of free CPT, indicating the presence of both free and polymer-bound drug in the tumor, in agreement with autoradiograms. pHPMA-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-CPT underwent relevant intratumor hydrolysis during the first 24 h, whereas the hydrolysis of pHPMA-Gly-6-aminohexanoyl-Gly-CPT was slow. The latter showed antitumor activity at doses from 10 to 22.5 mg/kg/day against s.c. HT-29, A2780, M14, and A549 s.c. xenografts. Moreover, inhibition of tumor growth lasted for up to 73-88 days, and cures were observed on mice with orthotopic implanted HT-29; pHPMA-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-CPT was 2-fold more potent than pHPMA-Gly-6-aminohexanoyl-Gly-CPT but less tolerated. Our data suggest that the efficacy of pHPMA-CPT copolymers is related to their intratumor accumulation, and in vivo properties of releasing CPT by esterolytic and proteolytic degradation.
MicroRNAs Involved in Asthma After Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment (2016)

Administration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) significantly alleviates allergic airway inflammation. There are no studies that refer to the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) after the BM-MSCs treatment in airway allergic inflammation. We induced a mouse model of asthma and performed the transplantation of BM-MSCs. We analyzed aberrant miRNAs and key immune regulators using both miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays. We identified that 296 miRNAs were differently expressed after the induction of asthma and/or the treatment of BM-MSCs, in which 14 miRNAs presented the reverse variation tendency between asthma induction and BM-MSCs transplantation. Mmu-miR-21a-3p, mmu-miR-449c-5p, and mmu-miR-496a-3p were further confirmed to be differently expressed with additional samples and quantitative real-time PCR. With an mRNA PCR array, we identified 19 genes to be involved in the allergy induction and the administration of BM-MSCs. Further target genes analysis revealed that mmu-miR-21a-3p was significantly correlated with the immune regulator activin A receptor, Type IIA (Acvr2a). Mmu-miR-21a-3p had opposite expression with Acvr2a after asthma and BM-MSCs treatment. Acvr2a had binding sites for miR-21a for both mice and human, suggesting that miR-21/Acvr2a axis is conserved between human and mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that mmu-miR-21a-3p negatively regulated the transcript of Acvr2a. In addition, has-miR-21a inhibitor significantly increased the expression of Acvr2a mRNA in BEAS-2B cells under lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Our results suggest that there were different miRNA and mRNA profiles after asthma induction and BM-MSCs treatment, and the miR-21/Acvr2a axis is an important mechanism for the induction of asthmatic inflammation.
Synthesis of reactive metabolite-analogues of cyclophosphamide for comparisons of NMR kinetic parameters and anticancer screening data. (1986)

Ozonolysis of compounds with the general structure CH2 = CHR1CHR2CH2OP(O) (NHR3)NR42 gave, in each case, one major product which was an analogue of the cyclophosphamide (CP) metabolites aldophosphamide (AP) or 4-hydroxy-CP. 31P NMR spectra recorded for each of these compounds in aqueous buffered solutions at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, revealed a cascade of reactions similar to those observed for AP and/or 4-hydroxy-CP, although the individual rate constants for these reactions were substituent-dependent. Aryl ketone analogues of AP did not give rise to detectable amounts of their cyclic hemiaminals, but those which produced phosphoramide mustards at rates similar to that found for AP were active against L1210 lymphoid leukaemia in mice. The results indicated that oncostatic selectivity may not require cell-specific oxidative detoxification.
Next-generation sequencing and its applications in molecular diagnostics (2011)

DNA sequencing is a powerful approach for decoding a number of human diseases, including cancers. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has reduced sequencing cost by orders of magnitude and significantly increased the throughput, making whole-genome sequencing a possible way for obtaining global genomic information about patients on whom clinical actions may be taken. However, the benefits offered by NGS technologies come with a number of challenges that must be adequately addressed before they can be transformed from research tools to routine clinical practices. This article provides an overview of four commonly used NGS technologies from Roche Applied Science//454 Life Sciences, Illumina, Life Technologies and Helicos Biosciences. The challenges in the analysis of NGS data and their potential applications in clinical diagnosis are also discussed.
High-speed InP-based resonant tunnelling diode on silicon substrate (2005)

A technology for high speed and high performance III-V semiconductor devices on silicon substrate has been developed. It consists of an InP-on-Si quasi-substrate exhibiting an XRD FWHM as low as 86 arcsec, followed by a low-temperature (370/spl deg/C) grown InAlAs layer. The surface roughness is reduced to 1.9 nm along with an almost complete elimination of surface defects. The applicability is experimentally verified for InP-based resonant tunneling diodes exhibiting a speed index of 32 ps/V indicating a potentially low-cost technology for high functionality circuits operating above 10 Gb/s.
Recent Developments for Interactive Statistical Graphics on the Web using "nViZn" (2002)

In this paper we present recent developments for interactive statistical graphics on the Web, derived from the Java–based software development kit “nViZn” (read “envision”). We demonstrate how to access and arrange data from Federal Agencies using interactive tables and micromaps. For example, the data can be sorted according to several criteria, different types of displays can be used at the same time, multiple variables can be displayed simultaneously, and dynamic queries can be conducted.
A structured overview of digital communications--A tutorial review--Part II (1983)

I N THE first part of this two-part paper, a structure and hierarchy were developed for tracing the key signal processing steps of a typical digital communications system. With the structure as a guide, formatting, source coding, and modulation transformations were examined. Also treated were potential trade-offs for power-limited and bandwidth-limited systems. In Part II, the signal processing overview continues with channel coding, multiplexing and multiple access, frequency spreading, encryption, and synchronization. To complete the overview, fundamental link analysis relationships are reviewed in the context of a satellite repeater channel.
The MHC-Specific Enhanceosome and Its Role in MHC Class I and β2-Microglobulin Gene Transactivation (2001)

The promoter regions of MHC class I and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) genes possess a regulatory module consisting of S, X, and Y boxes, which is shared by MHC class II and its accessory genes. In this study we show that, similar to MHC class II, the SXY module in MHC class I and beta(2)m promoters is cooperatively bound by a multiprotein complex containing regulatory factor X, CREB/activating transcription factor, and nuclear factor Y. Together with the coactivator class II transactivator this multiprotein complex drives transactivation of these genes. In contrast to MHC class II, the multiprotein complex has an additional function in the constitutive transactivation of MHC class I and beta(2)m genes. The requirement for all transcription factors in the complex and correct spacing of the binding sites within the SXY regulatory module for complex formation and functioning of this multiprotein complex strongly suggests that this complex can be regarded as a bona fide enhanceosome. The general coactivators CREB binding protein, p300, general control nonderepressible-5, and p300/CREB binding protein-associated factor exert an ancillary function in MHC class I and beta(2)m transactivation, but exclusively through the class II transactivator component of this enhanceosome. Thus, the SXY module is the basis for a specific enhanceosome important for the constitutive and inducible transactivation of MHC class I and beta(2)m genes.
The gene yghK linked to the glc operon of Escherichia coli encodes a permease for glycolate that is structurally and functionally similar to L-lactate permease (2001)

In Escherichia coli the glc operon involved in glycolate utilization is located at 67.3 min and formed by genes encoding the enzymes glycolate oxidase (glcDEF) and malate synthase G (glcB). Their expression from a single promoter upstream of glcD is induced by growth on glycolate and regulated by the activator encoded by the divergently transcribed gene glcC. Gene yghK, located 350 bp downstream of glcB, encodes a hydrophobic protein highly similar to the L-lactate permease encoded by lldP. Expression studies have shown that the yghK gene (proposed name glcA) is transcribed from the same promoter as the other glc structural genes and thus belongs to the glc operon. Characterization of a glcA::cat mutant showed that GlcA acts as glycolate permease and that glycolate can also enter the cell through another transport system. Evidence is presented of the involvement of L-lactate permease in glycolate uptake. Growth on this compound was abolished in a double mutant of the paralogous genes glcA and lldP, and restored with plasmids expressing either GlcA or LldP. Characterization of the putative substrates for these two related permeases showed, in both cases, specificity for the 2-hydroxymonocarboxylates glycolate, L-lactate and D-lactate. Although both GlcA and LldP recognize D-lactate, mutant analysis proved that L-lactate permease is mainly responsible for its uptake.
Nilotinib in Imatinib-Resistant CML and Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive ALL (2006)

Nilotinib has a relatively favorable safety profile and is active in imatinib-resistant CML. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00109707 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Econometrics and decision making: Effects of presentation mode * (2010)

Much of empirical economics involves regression analysis. However, does the presentation of results affect economists' ability to make inferences for decision making purposes? In a survey, 257 academic economists were asked to make probabilistic inferences on the basis of the outputs of a regression analysis presented in a standard format. Questions concerned the distribution of the dependent variable conditional on known values of the independent variable. However, many respondents underestimated uncertainty by failing to take into account the standard deviation of the estimated residuals. The addition of graphs did not substantially improve inferences. On the other hand, when only graphs were provided (i.e., with no statistics), respondents were substantially more accurate. We discuss implications for improving practice in reporting results of regression analyses.
Saturation Mutagenesis of Toluene ortho -Monooxygenase of Burkholderia cepacia G4 for Enhanced 1-Naphthol Synthesis and Chloroform Degradation (2004)

Directed evolution of toluene ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) of Burkholderia cepacia G4 previously created the hydroxylase alpha-subunit (TomA3) V106A variant (TOM-Green) with increased activity for both trichloroethylene degradation (twofold enhancement) and naphthalene oxidation (six-times-higher activity). In the present study, saturation mutagenesis was performed at position A106 with Escherichia coli TG1/pBS(Kan)TOMV106A to improve TOM activity for both chloroform degradation and naphthalene oxidation. Whole cells expressing the A106E variant had two times better naphthalene-to-1-naphthol activity than the wild-type cells (V(max) of 9.3 versus 4.5 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) and unchanged K(m)), and the regiospecificity of the A106E variant was unchanged, with 98% 1-naphthol formed, as was confirmed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. The A106E variant degrades its natural substrate toluene 63% faster than wild-type TOM does (2.12 +/- 0.07 versus 1.30 +/- 0.06 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) [mean +/- standard deviation]) at 91 microM and has a substantial decrease in regiospecificity, since o-cresol (50%), m-cresol (25%), and p-cresol (25%) are formed, in contrast to the 98% o-cresol formed by wild-type TOM. The A106E variant also has an elevated expression level compared to that of wild-type TOM, as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Another variant, the A106F variant, has 2.8-times-better chloroform degradation activity based on gas chromatography (V(max) of 2.61 versus 0.95 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) and unchanged K(m)) and chloride release (0.034 +/- 0.002 versus 0.012 +/- 0.001 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1)). The A106F variant also was expressed at levels similar to those of wild-type TOM and 62%-better toluene oxidation activity than wild-type TOM (2.11 +/- 0.3 versus 1.30 +/- 0.06 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1)). A shift in regiospecificity of toluene hydroxylation was also observed for the A106F variant, with o-cresol (28%), m-cresol (18%), and p-cresol (54%) being formed. Statistical analysis was used to estimate that 292 colonies must be screened for a 99% probability that all 64 codons were sampled during saturation mutagenesis.
Enabling Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Water Separation Membranes (2013)

We report a novel procedure to synthesize a new type of water separation membrane using graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets such that water can flow through the nanochannels between GO layers while unwanted solutes are rejected by size exclusion and charge effects. The GO membrane was made via layer-by-layer deposition of GO nanosheets, which were cross-linked by 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride, on a polydopamine-coated polysulfone support. The cross-linking not only provided the stacked GO nanosheets with the necessary stability to overcome their inherent dispensability in water environment but also fine-tuned the charges, functionality, and spacing of the GO nanosheets. We then tested the membranes synthesized with different numbers of GO layers to demonstrate their interesting water separation performance. It was found that the GO membrane flux ranged between 80 and 276 LMH/MPa, roughly 4-10 times higher than that of most commercial nanofiltration membranes. Although the GO membrane in the present development stage had a relatively low rejection (6-46%) of monovalent and divalent salts, it exhibited a moderate rejection (46-66%) of Methylene blue and a high rejection (93-95%) of Rhodamine-WT. We conclude the paper by emphasizing that the facile synthesis of a GO membrane exploiting the ideal properties of inexpensive GO materials offers a myriad of opportunities to modify its physicochemical properties, potentially making the GO membrane a next-generation, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to the long-existing thin-film composite polyamide membranes for water separation applications.
In-plane aligned YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films deposited on polycrystalline metallic substrates (1992)

C-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films are conventionally obtained on polycrystalline substrates, but a- and b-axes are randomly distributed. Due to the weak links at the high-angle grain boundaries in the a–b plane, the critical current density (Jc) are comparatively low, from 103 to 104 A/cm2 (77 K, 0 T), and the Jc decreases in magnetic field in a manner similar to bulk YBa2Cu3 O7−x samples. To reduce weak links at the high-angle grain boundaries, biaxially oriented buffer layers of yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were formed on polycrystalline, Ni-based alloy by ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD), and subsequently the a–b plane aligned YBa2Cu3 O7−x film was deposited by laser ablation. Jc of 2.5×105 A/cm2 (77 K, 0 T) and 2.2×104 A/cm2 (77 K, 8.0 T) were obtained. A new method to prevent intergranular weak links has been developed for potential applications using practical polycrystalline substrates.