gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Coenzyme Q (1968)

Abstract Radioactive samples of coenzyme Q were obtained after administration of formate-14C and benzoate-1-14C (i.e. ring labeled) to rats. After reductive acetylation the hydroquinone diacetates were treated with ozone to obtain 3',6'-diacetoxy-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylphenylacetic acid. The latter acid was, in turn, degraded (a) to tetramethylammonium iodide by the Zeisel reaction, and (b) to acetic acid by the Kuhn-Roth oxidation. The results of these degradations established that formate labels the two O—CH3 and the C—CH3 groups of coenzyme Q. The ingoing C—CH3 group does not displace the carboxyl group of the benzoate precursor of coenzyme Q.
An Investigation of Imidazole and Oxazole Syntheses Using Aryl-Substituted TosMIC Reagents1 (2000)

This article describes efficient and mild protocols for preparing polysubstituted imidazoles in a single pot from aryl-substituted tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) reagents and imines generated in situ. Traditional imine-forming reactions employing virtually any aldehyde and amine followed by addition of the TosMIC reagent delivers 1,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles with predictable regiochemistry. Employing chiral amines and aldehydes, particularly those derived from alpha-amino acids, affords imidazoles with asymmetric centers appended to N-1 or C-5 with excellent retention of chiral purity. 1,4-Disubstituted imidazoles are also readily prepared by a simple variant of the above procedure. Selecting glyoxylic acid as the aldehyde component of this procedure leads to intermediates such as 48, which readily undergo decarboxylation and elimination of the tosyl moiety to deliver 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles in high yields. Alternatively, using NH(4)OH as the amine component in conjunction with a variety of aldehydes delivers 4, 5-disubstituted imidazoles in moderate to good yields in a single pot while avoiding the need for protecting groups. Finally, the facile preparation of mono- and disubstituted oxazoles from these TosMIC reagents and aldehydes is described.
Immunization of mice with dengue structural proteins and nonstructural protein NS1 expressed by baculovirus recombinant induces resistance to dengue virus encephalitis (1988)

We have constructed a recombinant baculovirus containing a 4.0-kilobase dengue virus cDNA sequence that codes for the three virus structural proteins, capsid (C) protein, premembrane (PreM) protein, and envelope glycoprotein (E), and nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2a. Infection of cultured Spodoptera frugiperda cells with this recombinant virus resulted in the production of E and NS1 proteins that were similar in size to the corresponding viral proteins expressed in dengue virus-infected simian cells. Other dengue virus-encoded proteins such as PreM and C were also synthesized. Rabbits immunized with the dengue virus protein products of the recombinant virus developed antibodies to PreM, E, and NS1, although the titers were low, especially to PreM and E. Nevertheless, the dengue virus antigens produced by the recombinant virus induced resistance in mice to fatal dengue encephalitis.
Thermitase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris; amino acid sequence of the large N-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide (1985)

The large cyanogen bromide fragment (CB1) represents the N-terminal part of the molecule of thermitase and contains 226 amino acid residues. Its molecular weight calculated from sequential data is 22 932 (the C-terminal residue is regarded as a methionine residue in the calculations). The amino acid sequence of fragment CB1 was determined by analysis of peptides obtained by tryptic hydrolysis of the fragment; these data were complemented by sequence analysis of the chymotryptic digest of fragment Mf (residues 75 through 226) and of chymotryptic fragment ET3 (residues 103 through 226) isolated from the limited tryptic digest of fragment CB1. The peptides were purified by high performance liquid chromatography and by thin layer techniques. The sequence analysis of the large peptides was effected in the sequenator, small peptides were sequenced manually by the DABITC/PITC double coupling technique. The results obtained in this study together with those of previous work 5 permitted the complete amino acid sequence of fragment CB1 to be determined.
Metal-Cation-Mediated Hydrolysis of Phosphonoformate Diesters:  Chemoselectivity and Catalysis1 (2004)

Hydrolyses in D2O (pD 1.7−3.1) of dimethyl (7), methyl phenyl (8), phenyl methyl (9), and diphenyl (10) phosphonoformate diesters are substantially accelerated by Ce(IV), Th(IV), Zr(IV), and Hf(IV) cations. Chemoselectivity is observed, whereby Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) principally direct P−OR hydrolysis, whereas Th(IV) and Ce(IV) mainly direct C−OR hydrolysis. Leaving group efficiency (OMe vs OPh) modulates the chemoselectivity. The metal cations also mediate further hydrolytic reactions of the initially produced phosphonoformate monoesters 14, 15, 18, and 20. The origins of the P−OR/C−OR selectivity are discussed in terms of the metal cation hydroxo species likely to be present in solution and the kinetics of the reactions.
Broad and Protective Influenza B Virus Neuraminidase Antibodies in Humans after Vaccination and their Clonal Persistence as Plasma Cells (2019)

Although most seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) contain neuraminidase (NA), the extent and mechanisms of action of protective human NA-specific humoral responses induced by vaccination are poorly resolved. Due to the propensity of influenza virus for antigenic drift and shift and its tendency to elicit predominantly strain-specific antibodies, humanity remains susceptible to waves of new strains of seasonal viruses and is at risk from viruses with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. Here we demonstrate that the use of IIV results in increased levels of influenza B virus (IBV) NA-specific serum antibodies. Detailed analysis of the IBV NA B cell response indicates concurrent expansion of IBV NA-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts 7 days after IIV immunization which express monoclonal antibodies with broad and potent antiviral activity against both IBV Victoria and Yamagata lineages and prophylactic and therapeutic activity in mice. These IBV NA-specific B cell clonal lineages persisted in CD138<sup>+</sup> long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. These results represent the first demonstration that IIV-induced NA human antibodies can protect and treat influenza virus infection <i>in vivo</i> and suggest that IIV can induce a subset of IBV NA-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a feature that warrants further study for universal influenza vaccine development.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza virus infections continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality despite the availability of seasonal vaccines. The extensive genetic variability in seasonal and potentially pandemic influenza strains necessitates new vaccine strategies that can induce universal protection by focusing the immune response on generating protective antibodies against conserved targets such as regions within the influenza neuraminidase protein. We have demonstrated that seasonal immunization stimulates neuraminidase-specific antibodies in humans that are broad and potent in their protection from influenza B virus when tested in mice. These antibodies further persist in the bone marrow, where they are expressed by long-lived antibody-producing cells, referred to here as plasma cells. The significance in our research is the demonstration that seasonal influenza immunization can induce a subset of neuraminidase-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a process that if further studied and enhanced could aid in the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
Applications of vascular occlusion diminish disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles (2000)

The results indicate that the occlusive stimulus effectively diminishes the postoperation disuse atrophy of knee extensors.
Pick-and-drop (1997)

Article Pick-and-drop: a direct manipulation technique for multiple computer environments Share on Author: Jun Rekimoto Sony Computer Science Laboratory Inc., 3-14-13 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141 Japan Sony Computer Science Laboratory Inc., 3-14-13 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141 JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '97: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyOctober 1997 Pages 31–39https://doi.org/10.1145/263407.263505Online:01 October 1997Publication History 380citation3,347DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations380Total Downloads3,347Last 12 Months128Last 6 weeks24 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Cell targeting with retroviral vector particles containing antibody-envelope fusion proteins. (1994)

Retroviral vectors are the most efficient tool to introduce genes into vertebrate cells. However, their use is limited by the host range of the retrovirus from which they were derived. To alter the host range of the vector particle, we developed a method to substitute the receptor-binding domain of the envelope protein of a retrovirus with an antigen-binding site of an antibody. To test whether such particles are competent for infection, we established a model system using an antigen-binding site of an antibody against the hapten dinitrophenol (DNP). Retroviral vector particles containing such chimeric envelope proteins were able to bind to and infect cells that were not infectable with wild-type virus after DNP was conjugated to the cell surface. They did not infect such cells without DNP conjugation. Control experiments with chimeric envelope proteins of ecotropic murine leukemia virus (eco-MLV) and spleen necrosis virus (SNV) indicate that the pathway of virus entry of scA-env-containing virus particles was different from that of wild-type virus.
Biobrennstoffzellen als Stromquellen für implantierte elektronische Geräte (1973)

Abstract Eine Glucose‐Sauerstoffzelle zur Langzeitenergieversorgung implantierter elektronischer Geräte besteht aus porösen katalytisch aktiven Elektroden für die Umsetzung der körpereigenen Betriebsstoffe Glucose und Sauerstoff aus der Gewebeflüssigkeit. Wegen der fehlenden Selektivität des Anodenkatalysators für die Glucoseoxidation wird die Glucoseelektrode aus aktivem Edelmetall zwischen zwei dünnen porösen Sauerstoffelektroden aus Kohle angeordnet. Dadurch wird dem herandiffundierenden Gemisch der Reaktionspartner zunächst der Sauerstoff entzogen, während die Glucose durch Diffusion weiter zur Anode gelangen kann. Eine 1 mm dicke Zelle mit Elektroden von 4 cm Durchmesser liefert in vitro in einer der Körperflüssigkeit ähnlichen Lösung bei einem Lastwiderstand von 2,7 kω 100 μW.
Structure-function Relationships of Highly Refined Cellulose Made from Agricultural Fibrous Residues (1996)

A process was developed for the conversion of agricultural byproducts into a highly refined cellulose (HRC) with useful properties. Water holding capacity, ability to remove deteriorated deleterious polar substances from edible oil, and microstructures of HRC were investigated. In the process, soy hulls, corn cobs, and husks were subjected to blending and chemical hydrolysis treatments followed by a homogenization, producing a gel-like HRC dispersion. The HRC dispersion possessed a greatly increased water holding capacity compared to untreated fiber (from 175 to 350%). Freeze-drying was used to obtain HRC powders from HRC dispersions. When HRC powder was used as an oil filter aid, it demonstrated higher efficiency at removing polar compounds from oil than two commercial oil filter aids. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that HRC powder had a spongy structure with a largely expanded surface area and much increased pore sizes.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for Cytochrome P450-2C19 (CYP2C19) Genotype and Clopidogrel Therapy (2011)

CYP2C19 is one of the principal enzymes involved in the bioactivation of the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel. A common loss-of-function allele, CYP2C19*2 (c.681G>A; rs4244285), is associated with increased risk for serious adverse cardiovascular events in both heterozygous and homozygous patients (~25–50% of the population) with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) who are receiving clopidogrel, particularly among those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We provide evidence from published literature and guidelines for CYPC19 genotype–directed antiplatelet therapy (periodically updated at http://www.pharmgkb.org). Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 90 2, 328–332. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.132
Cathepsin L‐deficient mice exhibit abnormal skin and bone development and show increased resistance to osteoporosis following ovariectomy (2004)

The role of cathepsin L in normal physiological processes was assessed using cathepsin L homozygous knockout mice (B6;129-Ctsl(tm1Alpk)). These mice were generated using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Null mice fail to express mRNA and protein to cathepsin L. They developed normally and were fertile. The distinct phenotypic change exhibited was a progressive hair loss, culminating in extensive alopecia by 9 months of age. Histological analysis of the skin from homozygous mice revealed diffuse epithelial hyperplasia, hypotrichosis, hair shaft fragmentation and utricle formation. These findings provide evidence that cathepsin L is involved in the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the skin. In addition, the role of cathepsin L in bone remodelling was evaluated. Using bone histomorphometric measurements, trabecular, but not cortical, bone volume was found to be significantly decreased in the cathepsin L heterozygote and homozygote mice compared to the wild-type mice. Following ovariectomy, it was observed that loss of trabecular bone, the most metabolically active component of bone, occurred to a lesser extent in homozygote, and heterozygote mice, than was seen in wild-type mice. These observations suggest that cathepsin L is likely to have a role in controlling bone turnover during normal development and in pathological states.
A high-throughput next-generation sequencing-based method for detecting the mutational fingerprint of carcinogens (2012)

Many carcinogens leave a unique mutational fingerprint in the human genome. These mutational fingerprints manifest as specific types of mutations often clustering at certain genomic loci in tumor genomes from carcinogen-exposed individuals. To develop a high-throughput method for detecting the mutational fingerprint of carcinogens, we have devised a cost-, time- and labor-effective strategy, in which the widely used transgenic Big Blue mouse mutation detection assay is made compatible with the Roche/454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium next-generation sequencing technology. As proof of principle, we have used this novel method to establish the mutational fingerprints of three prominent carcinogens with varying mutagenic potencies, including sunlight ultraviolet radiation, 4-aminobiphenyl and secondhand smoke that are known to be strong, moderate and weak mutagens, respectively. For verification purposes, we have compared the mutational fingerprints of these carcinogens obtained by our newly developed method with those obtained by parallel analyses using the conventional low-throughput approach, that is, standard mutation detection assay followed by direct DNA sequencing using a capillary DNA sequencer. We demonstrate that this high-throughput next-generation sequencing-based method is highly specific and sensitive to detect the mutational fingerprints of the tested carcinogens. The method is reproducible, and its accuracy is comparable with that of the currently available low-throughput method. In conclusion, this novel method has the potential to move the field of carcinogenesis forward by allowing high-throughput analysis of mutations induced by endogenous and/or exogenous genotoxic agents.
A Simple Luciferase Assay for Signal Transduction Activity Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Displayed on Phage (1997)

Studies on receptor-ligand interactions are important for the design of agonists or antagonists of natural ligands. We developed a luciferase reporter assay to screen epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding molecules rapidly for their ability to stimulate or inhibit signal transduction. Human EGF displayed on fd filamentous phage presented an activity similar to soluble EGF when tested for binding to the EGFR, for induction of cell cycle progression or in the luciferase assay. Two libraries of human EGF variants displayed on phage were constructed in which the aspartic acid residue at position 46 or the arginine residue at position 41 were randomised. EGF mutants displayed on phage were screened in parallel for binding to the EGFR using an ELISA assay and for transducing activity using the luciferase assay. Regarding the 46 position, most of the mutants retained the ability to bind the EGFR and their transducing activity corresponded perfectly with their binding. For the more crucial 41 position, only the wild-type EGF was able to bind the EGFR. Our approach allowed a simple determination of crucial positions and paved the way for identification of agonists with altered transduction activity.
Drebrin, a development-associated brain protein from rat embryo, causes the dissociation of tropomyosin from actin filaments. (1994)

Drebrin is a development-associated neuroprotein whose cDNA into fibroblasts causes the formation of dendrite-like structures (Shirao, T., Kojima, N., and Obata, K. (1992) Neuroreport 3, 109-112). To explore molecular functions of drebrin during brain development, we purified drebrin from brains of rat embryos. Drebrin bound to actin filaments at a stoichiometry of 1:5 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.2 x 10(-7) M. It strongly inhibited the actin binding activity of tropomyosin. Excess amounts of tropomyosin also inhibited the drebrin binding to actin filaments, suggesting that drebrin and tropomyosin competitively bind to actin filaments. Further, drebrin inhibited not only the actin binding activity of alpha-actinin but also the actin cross-linking activity of alpha-actinin. Gene transfection experiments revealed that tropomyosin was dissociated from actin filaments in drebrin-overexpressing fibroblasts. Thus we hypothesize that drebrin may destabilize actin filaments by dissociating tropomyosin and alpha-actinin from actin filaments, resulting in the formation of axon and dendrites during neuronal development.
β‐Catenin signaling contributes to stemness and regulates early differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells (2007)

ES cells can self-renew while preserving pluripotency and are able to differentiate into many cell types. In both processes, different signal transduction pathways are implicated, including the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which we here further analyzed. We found that a loss of beta-catenin in ES cells leads to altered expression of stem cell marker genes. TCF/beta-catenin reporter gene assays indicate that undifferentiated murine ES cells are capable of reacting to LiCl and Wnt3a but not Wnt5a stimulation, but have low endogenous TCF/beta-catenin activity. Oct-3/4, nanog and Wnt11 were able to repress TCF/beta-catenin transcriptional activity. During differentiation, activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway influences formation of mesoderm and cardiomyocytes in a time and dose dependent manner.
Signal and Image Processing Algorithms for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Ultra-wideband (UWB) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar (2009)

Abstract : The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of a mission and customer-funded exploratory program, has developed a new low-frequency, impulse-based, ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which has been used as a test bed to support proof-of-concept demonstration for detecting concealed targets. The radar is intended to collect and process data at combat pace in an affordable, compact, and lightweight package. To achieve this, the radar is based on the synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) technique, which uses several relatively slow and inexpensive analog-to-digital (A/D) converters to sample the wide bandwidth of radar signals. This report first briefly describes the key radar features directly related to the signal and image processing. The main section includes the signal processing steps to clean up noise and artifacts in radar data, and the image formation technique that SIRE employs. The report also details the Recursive Sidelobe Minimization (RSM) technique (patent pending), which was integrated with the standard SAR image formation algorithm to achieve a significant reduction in sidelobes and noise in the resulting SAR imagery. Finally, the report shows sample SAR images (in both forward-looking and side-looking modes) from recent experiments.
Phospholipase A2 inhibition prevents mucosal damage associated with small intestinal ischaemia in rats. (1988)

The influence of various inflammatory inhibitors on the damaging effects of ischaemia in the small intestinal mucosa has been investigated. A rat experimental model was used, in which a ligated loop of the distal ileum was subjected to ischaemia and revascularisation and the ensuing mucosal damage assessed by lysosomal enzyme release and intestinal permeability measurements. The mucosal content of malondialdehyde - a lipid peroxidation product - and its activity of myeloperoxidase - a neutrophil granulocyte marker was also determined. In the absence of inhibitor, ischaemia and revascularisation caused increased mucosal permeability to sodium fluorescein, increased N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase release from the mucosa into the lumen, increased malondialdehyde content in the mucosa and increased myeloperoxidase activity in the mucosa. All these effects were inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitors, quinacrine and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), while the lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW755C, had no influence and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, potentiated the increases in mucosal permeability and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase release. BN 52021, a specific platelet activating factor antagonist, did not influence the myeloperoxidase activity, but it decreased the formation of malondialdehyde and the increases in mucosal permeability and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase release, although not to the same extent as quinacrine and NDGA. These findings indicate that phospholipase A2 inhibition prevents mucosal damage associated with small intestinal ischaemia and suggest that at least part of the ischaemic damage is mediated by products of phospholipase A2 activity that are not arachidonic acid metabolites.
The growth promoting effect of phytic acid on callus tissues of rice seed (1971)

Journal Article The growth promoting effect of phytic acid on callus tissues of rice seed Get access KAZUHIKO WATANABE, KAZUHIKO WATANABE The Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KUNISUKE TANAKA, KUNISUKE TANAKA The Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KOZI ASADA, KOZI ASADA The Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ZENZABURO KASAI ZENZABURO KASAI The Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 1971, Pages 161–164, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a074600 Published: 01 February 1971 Article history Received: 30 June 1970 Published: 01 February 1971