gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 and other verocytotoxin-producingE. coli(VTEC) in food (1997)

Journal Article Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other verocytotoxin‐producing E. coli (VTEC) in food Get access C. Vernozy‐Rozand C. Vernozy‐Rozand Unité de Microbiologie, Epidémiologie moléculaire, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France Dr C. Vernozy‐Rozand, Unité de Microbiologie, Epidémiologie moléculaire, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, F‐69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Applied Microbiology, Volume 82, Issue 5, 1 May 1997, Pages 537–551, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03584.x Published: 01 May 1997 Article history Received: 23 October 1996 Revision received: 23 January 1997 Accepted: 27 January 1997 Published: 01 May 1997
Antineoplastic agents. 220. Synthesis of natural (-)-dolastatin 15 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic agents. 220. Synthesis of natural (-)-dolastatin 15George R. Pettit, Delbert L. Herald, Sheo Bux Singh, Timothy J. Thornton, and Jeffrey T. MullaneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 17, 6692–6693Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00017a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00017a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of PtRu/C catalysts obtained by colloidal and deposition methods for fuel cell applications (2005)

The purpose of this investigation was to compare catalysts produced by the Bönnemann - colloidal method (PtRu (B1) and PtRu (B2)), and those produced by the spontaneous deposition method (PtRu (SD)). The catalysts produced by both methods had good electrochemical behavior for methanol oxidation for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. The structure of the catalyst was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (EDS) was used to determine the semi-quantitative composition of the catalysts, and the electrochemical behavior was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The diffractograms of the binary catalysts revealed platinum and ruthenium as the only crystalline phases, as per ICDD data base. The PtRu (B1) catalyst, treated in a reducing atmosphere, has the same structure as PtRu (B2), treated in an oxidising/reducing atmosphere, except that the crystallite size was around 1.7 nm for PtRu (B1) instead of 9.9 nm for PtRu (B2). The catalysts PtRu (B2) and PtRu (SD) showed similar cyclic voltammetric behavior, which was better than that of PtRu (B1). Both methods are suitable for the production of electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. The colloidal method is more expensive than the deposition method, but the former permits the production of ternary and quaternary catalyst systems with enhanced CO tolerance.
A New Tri-Orthogonal Strategy for Peptide Cyclization (2002)

A solid phase tri-orthogonal protection/cleavage strategy that uses acidic, basic, and neutral conditions is described. Strategically protected alpha-azido-gamma-9-fluorenylmethyl-L-glutamate (1) and alpha-azido-epsilon-N-Fmoc-L-lysine (2) were incorporated into growing peptides on Wang resin using a novel azide protection strategy. These residues, separated by 1-3 monomers, were deprotected at the side chains and cyclized via lactam formation. The N-terminus was further functionalized to extend the chain. This method represents a straightforward protocol for peptide cyclization on solid support.
An awkward European (2012)

Peter Saunders writes a 30-point guide to why Britain will always be appended to the edge of the continent rather than be a part of it.
Stem cell treatment of the heart: a review of its current status on the brink of clinical experimentation. (2005)

Stem cells are multipotent, undifferentiated cells capable of multiplication and differentiation. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that stem cells derived from embryonic or adult tissues (especially bone marrow) may develop into myocardial cells. Some experts believe that this phenomenon occurs naturally in human beings, specifically during recovery from a myocardial infarction. Recently, stem cells have been used with the therapeutic intention of regenerating damaged tissues. Cardiac experiments, mainly with adult homologous stem cells, have proved that this therapy is safe and may improve myocardial vascularization and pump function. We review current fundamental concepts regarding the normal development of embryonic stem cells into myocardial tissue and the heart as a whole. We describe the multiple conditions that naturally enable a stem cell to become a myocardial cell and a group of stem cells to become a heart. We also discuss the challenge of translating basic cellular and molecular mechanisms into effective, clinically relevant treatment options.
Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products-Dependent Triggering of Neuronal Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways (2001)

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with extracellular deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils, particularly in the peripheral nervous system. We have hypothesized that binding of TTR fibrils to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on critical cellular targets is associated with a destructive stress response underlying peripheral nerve dysfunction. Analysis of nerve biopsy samples from patients with FAP (n = 16) at different stages of disease (0-3), compared with age-matched controls (n = 4), by semiquantitative immunohistology and in situ hybridization showed increased levels of RAGE, beginning at the earliest stages of the disease (FAP 0; p < 0.02) and especially localized in axons. Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta) (approximately threefold; p < 0.02) and the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ( approximately 2.5-fold; p < 0.04) was also observed in a distribution overlapping RAGE expression. Tyrosine nitration and increased activated caspase-3 in axons from FAP patients (p < 0.03) were apparent. Although these data suggest the presence of ongoing neuronal stress, there was no upregulation of neurotrophins (nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3) in FAP nerves. Studies on cultured neuronal-like, Schwann, and endothelial cells incubated with TTR fibrils displayed RAGE-dependent expression of cytokines and iNOS at early times (6 and 12 hr, respectively), followed by later (24 hr) activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. We propose that the interaction of TTR fibrils with RAGE may contribute to cellular stress and toxicity in FAP. Furthermore, there is an apparent lack of responsiveness of Schwann cells in FAP nerve to provide neurotrophic factors.
Reverse Transcription Takes Place within Extracellular HIV-1 Virions: Potential Biological Significance (1993)

Extracellular HIV-1 virions purified from cell culture supernatants have been found to contain viral DNA that is the result of partial reverse transcription within the virus particles. Our data supported these observations and further indicated that the ratio of genomic RNA to viral DNA was approximately 10(3):1 for the "strong stop" (R-U5) region and 10(5):1 for the gag region. We have shown that, in the absence of detergent, large amounts of DNase-resistant viral DNA can be synthesized within intact HIV-1 virions, indicating that this phenomenon is not dependent on perturbation of the viral envelope. Nascent viral DNA synthesis also occurred in purified virions incubated at 37 degrees C in cell-free human physiological fluids including seminal plasma, blood plasma, breast milk, and fecal fluid. In vitro HIV-1 infection assays, in which HIV-1 DNA synthesis was initiated in HIV-1 virions by prior incubation with deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, demonstrated that virus particles so treated had an increased infectious titer over untreated virions when incubated with target human T cells. Our data suggest that HIV-1 virion-associated DNA synthesis may occur in vivo and may impact on the efficiency of intra- and interhost virus transmission. If so, this phenomenon should prove to be an important target for antiviral therapeutic strategies.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Characterization of distinct calmodulin binding and inhibitory domains. (1988)

Regulatory domains of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were investigated utilizing synthetic peptides. These peptides were derived from the sequence between positions 281 and 319 as translated from the cDNA sequence of the rat brain 50-kDa subunit (Lin, C. R., Kapiloff, M. S., Durgerian, S., Tatemoto, K., Russo, A. F., Hanson, P., Schulman, H., and Rosenfeld, M. G. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 5962-5966), which contain the putative calmodulin-binding region as well as potential autophosphorylation sites. Peptide 290 to 309 was found to be a potent calmodulin antagonist with an IC50 of 52 nM for inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Neither truncation from the amino terminus (peptide 296-309) nor extension in the carboxyl-terminal direction (peptide 294-319) markedly affected calmodulin binding, whereas shortening the peptide from the carboxyl terminus (peptide 290-302) or from both ends (peptide 295-304) resulted in the elimination of this activity. Peptide 281-290 did not bind calmodulin, but was a good substrate for the enzyme, being phosphorylated at Thr-286. Several of the peptides inhibited the kinase in a partially competitive, substrate-directed manner, but were not themselves phosphorylated. These studies identify domains within Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II which may be involved in 1) inhibition of the kinase in the absence of calmodulin, 2) binding of calmodulin, and 3) the resulting activation. Additionally, it is suggested that phosphorylation of residues flanking these domains may be responsible for the known regulatory effects of autophosphorylation on the properties of the kinase.
Expression of human HSP70 during the synthetic phase of the cell cycle. (1986)

Expression of the major heat shock and stress-induced protein, HSP70, is under complex regulatory control in human cells. In addition to being induced by physiological stress such as heat shock or transition metals, the HSP70 gene is induced by serum stimulation and immortalizing products of the adenovirus E1A 13S and polyoma large tumor antigen genes. Here we show that expression of the human HSP70 gene is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. Using selective mitotic detachment, a noninductive method to obtain synchronous populations of HeLa cells, we show that levels of HSP70 mRNA rapidly increase 10- to 15-fold upon entry into S phase and decline by late S and G2. A transient increase in HSP70 synthesis is detected during early S phase. The subcellular localization of HSP70 varies throughout the cell cycle; the protein is diffusely distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in G1, localized in the nucleus in S, and again diffusely distributed in G2 cells. We suggest that the temporal pattern of HSP70 expression during S phase, the nuclear localization, and activation by trans-acting immortalizing proteins indicate a role for HSP70 in the nucleus of replicating cells.
One Problem Fits Several Abilities (2010)

The way in which one fractions mathematical problem can be applied to school children in several years of study. The exercise4 was of great use in helping teachers understand how much of the knowledge of fractions imparted by them was actually understood by the students.
Measurements of spatial signature of an antenna array (2002)

A spatial signature is a response vector of an antenna array to a mobile unit at a certain location. The mobile subscribers at different locations exhibit different spatial signatures. The exploitation of spatial diversity (or difference of spatial signatures) is the basic idea of the so-called space-division-multiple-access (SDMA) scheme, which can be used to significantly increase the channel capacity and quality of a wireless communication system. Although the SDMA schemes have been studied by a number of researchers, most of these studies are based on theoretical analysis and computer simulations with ideal assumptions. Not much experimental study has been conducted on spatial signature variation due to nonideal perturbations in a real wireless communication environment. The purpose of this paper is to present our preliminary experimental results of spatial signature variation using our recently developed antenna array testbed. The results to be presented include the spatial signature variation with time and frequency and in several typical scenarios: (1) the mobile unit is stationary, so are its surroundings; (2) the mobile unit is stationary, but the surroundings vary; (3) the mobile unit moves in several different directions.
Bambini e sostenibilità urbana: una metodologia per la ricerca sul campo (2005)

The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus underpin various key cognitive processes, with changes in these interactions being implicated in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise cellular connections through which this circuit is organised is, therefore, vital for understanding these same processes. Overturning earlier findings, a recent study described a novel excitatory projection from anterior cingulate area to dorsal hippocampus. We sought to validate this unexpected finding using multiple, complementary methods: anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracing, using anterograde and retrograde adeno-associated viral vectors, monosynaptic rabies tracing, and the Fast Blue classical tracer. Additionally, an extensive data search of the Allen Projection Brain Atlas database was conducted to find the stated projection within any of the deposited anatomical studies as an independent verification of our own results. However, we failed to find any evidence of a direct, monosynaptic glutamatergic projection from mouse anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus proper.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Scaffolds for the Design of 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors (1997)

Representative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin were used as orally bioavailable scaffolds to design selective 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors. Replacement of the NSAID carboxylic acid group with a N-hydroxyurea group provided congeners with selective 5-LO inhibitory activity.
Ultrahigh strain response of field-actuated elastomeric polymers (2000)

Extremely large strains were achieved with elastomeric polymer films that are subject to high electric fields. The films were coated on both sides with complaint electrode material. When voltage was applied, the film compressed in thickness and expanded in area. The strain response is dominated by the electrostatic forces produced by the charges on the compliant electrodes. Actuated strains up to 117% were demonstrated with silicone elastomers, and up to 215% with acrylic elastomers. A key to achieving these large strains is to introduce a high prestrain to the film. Specific energy densities were much greater than those of other field-actuated materials. Because the response is electrostatic in nature, the actuation mechanism is predicted to be fast. Response speeds in excess of 2000 Hz have ben demonstrated in silicones. Acrylic response speeds are more than an order of magnitude slower, although the reason for this difference is not yet known. Measurement of material viscoelastic and electrical properties predicts that high efficiencies (&gt; 80%) may be achieved with efficient driver circuits. A variety of actuators, including electrooptical devices, diaphragm pumps, and muscle like linear actuators, have been demonstrated with these materials, suggesting that this technology is well suited to small-scale electromechanical devices and robots.
Comprehensive textbook of thoracic oncology (1996)

Basic concepts lung cancer - general therapeutic approaches to non-small cell lung cancer therapeutic approaches to small cell lung cancer esophageal cancer mediastinal tumours mesothelioma special topics current investigations.
Crystal Structure of Human Gastric Lipase and Model of Lysosomal Acid Lipase, Two Lipolytic Enzymes of Medical Interest (1999)

Fat digestion in humans requires not only the classical pancreatic lipase but also gastric lipase, which is stable and active despite the highly acidic stomach environment. We report here the structure of recombinant human gastric lipase at 3.0-A resolution, the first structure to be described within the mammalian acid lipase family. This globular enzyme (379 residues) consists of a core domain belonging to the alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family and a "cap" domain, which is analogous to that present in serine carboxypeptidases. It possesses a classical catalytic triad (Ser-153, His-353, Asp-324) and an oxyanion hole (NH groups of Gln-154 and Leu-67). Four N-glycosylation sites were identified on the electron density maps. The catalytic serine is deeply buried under a segment consisting of 30 residues, which can be defined as a lid and belonging to the cap domain. The displacement of the lid is necessary for the substrates to have access to Ser-153. A phosphonate inhibitor was positioned in the active site that clearly suggests the location of the hydrophobic substrate binding site. The lysosomal acid lipase was modeled by homology, and possible explanations for some previously reported mutations leading to the cholesterol ester storage disease are given based on the present model.
Membrane Localization of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 in Tumor Cells May Predict Response to Adjuvant Gemcitabine in Resected Cholangiocarcinoma Patients (2016)

Gemcitabine is becoming an increasingly used adjuvant modality in cholangiocarcinoma (CC), but limited data are available on predictive biomarkers of response. In this study, patients receiving more than four cycles of adjuvant gemcitabine and harboring Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1, the major transporter involved in gemcitabine intracellular uptake) on tumor cell membrane had a longer disease-free survival compared with patients negative or positive for hENT-1 only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Overall these results may lay the basis for further prospective randomized trials based on a larger population of patients and may prove useful for tailoring appropriate gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for CC patients in the adjuvant setting.
A Randomized Comparison of a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent with a Standard Stent for Coronary Revascularization (2002)

As compared with a standard coronary stent, a sirolimus-eluting stent shows considerable promise for the prevention of neointimal proliferation, restenosis, and associated clinical events.
Structure/activity analysis of human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by mutagenesis. Identification of a mutated protein that inhibits MCP-1-mediated monocyte chemotaxis. (1994)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a monocyte-specific chemoattractant and activator and is a member of the chemokine-beta family of cytokines. To identify regions of MCP-1 which are required for its biological activity, we constructed human MCP-1 mutants that were expressed in eukaryotic cells and tested for their ability to attract monocytes in vitro. Deletion of amino acids 2-8 destroyed activity, suggesting that the amino-terminal region is necessary for activity. Within the deleted region, mutation of aspartate 3 to alanine produced a protein with 9% of wild-type activity, whereas mutation of asparagine 6 to alanine produced a protein with 52.9% of wild-type activity. Mutation of amino acids within the first intercysteine loop yielded variable results. Changing tyrosine 28 to aspartate or arginine 30 to leucine each produced proteins with essentially no monocyte chemoattractant activity. The side chains of these amino acids are predicted to point into a putative receptor binding cleft, and these loss-of-function mutations are consistent with this model. Also consistent is the retention of 60% of wild-type activity after mutation of serine 27 to glutamine, since the side chain of serine 27 is predicted to point away from the binding cleft. However, mutation of arginine 24, which lies outside of this area, to phenylalanine produced a protein with only 5% of wild-type activity, suggesting more complex interactions. Truncations of the carboxyl terminus, as well as mutation of aspartate 68 to leucine, generated proteins with 10-20% of wild-type activity. (Another carboxyl-terminal insertional mutation demonstrated that O-linked carbohydrate in MCP-1 alpha may be added to a threonine in the carboxyl-terminal region.) These findings are consistent with a structural model of dimeric MCP-1 which is similar to interleukin-8, in which amino acids that point into a cleft between the two carboxyl-terminal alpha-helices of the subunits are important for receptor binding. In addition, however, amino acids at the amino terminus and others outside of the interhelical cleft are also essential for activity. The carboxyl-terminal alpha-helix is not required for signaling per se but is required for maximal specific activity. Finally, four mutant proteins partially inhibited the ability of wild-type MCP-1 to attract monocytes in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Alternative Justifications for Academic Support II: How “Academic Support Across the Curriculum” Helps Meet the Goals of the Carnegie Report and Best Practices (2012)

In the wake of two momentous critiques of legal education, popularly known as the “Carnegie Report” and “Best Practices,” law schools are reconsidering certain basic assumptions about how we educate future lawyers. Even the most forward-thinking reformers, however, struggle with the details of how to implement many of the recommendations of those reports. Providing more formative assessment, for instance, is a laudable objective but one that has serious ramifications in terms of resource expenditures. This article seeks to provide a remedy for many of these struggles: “Academic Support Across the Curriculum.” This piece argues that the reconceptualization of an under-leveraged asset in many law schools, Academic Support Programs (ASPs), can help provide crucial improvements in legal education. By examining the reforms urged by the Carnegie Report and Best Practices, and by detailing the methods of certain exemplary ASPs throughout the country, this piece analyzes how ASPs just might be the answer to many tough questions.