gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Density and Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Polyethylene Glycol (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensity and Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Polyethylene GlycolPedro Gonzalez-Tello, Fernando Camacho, and Gabriel BlazquezCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1994, 39, 3, 611–614Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00015a050https://doi.org/10.1021/je00015a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9116Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Architecture, User Interface, and Enabling Technology in Windows Vista's Speech Systems (2007)

Existing speech recognition systems have claimed high accuracy for specific tasks such as dictation. What is new in Windows Speech recognition for Vista is a combination of high accuracy and high usability for the end-to-end speech experience. This paper describes the architecture, user interface, and key technologies that make up the speech system incorporated in Microsoft Windows Vista. It outlines some of the challenges encountered in providing a speech-based interface to a system as complex and extensible as the modern desktop PC, as well as the technology developments that have made this possible. In particular, the paper describes key elements of the speech user interface and how the user's ability to control the system is maintained despite limitations in the underlying recognition technology. The paper also explains how feedback and adaptation systems are used to tailor the experience to each user and their particular style of speaking/use of language.
Error-Tolerant Identification of Peptides in Sequence Databases by Peptide Sequence Tags (1994)

We demonstrate a new approach to the identification of mass spectrometrically fragmented peptides. A fragmentation spectrum usually contains a short, easily identifiable series of sequence ions, which yields a partial sequence. This partial sequence divides the peptide into three parts-regions 1, 2, and 3-characterized by the added mass m1 of region 1, the partial sequence of region 2, and the added mass m3 of region 3. We call the construct, m1 partial sequence m3, a "peptide sequence tag" and show that it is a highly specific identifier of the peptide. An algorithm developed here that uses the sequence tag to find the peptide in a sequence database is up to 1 million-fold more discriminating than the partial sequence information alone. Peptides can be identified even in the presence of an unknown posttranslational modification or an amino acid substitution between an entry in the sequence database and the measured peptide. These concepts are demonstrated with model and practical examples of electrospray mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. Just two to three amino acid residues derived by fragmentation are enough to identify these peptides. In peptide mapping applications, even less information is necessary.
Comparison of Two Commercially Available DNA Line Probe Assays for Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)

Two commercially available DNA line probe assays, Genotype MTBDR and INNO-LiPA Rif. TB, were evaluated for their abilities to detect resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) in 52 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The test results were compared to those obtained by phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and sequencing. Compared to the results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, the Genotype MTBDR test results were concordant for INH for 47 of the 52 (90.4%) isolates, and both the Genotype MTBDR and the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB test results were concordant for RIF for 51 of the 52 (98.1%) isolates. The Genotype MTBDR test results correlated with the sequencing results for 48 of the 52 (92.3%) isolates and the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB results for 50 of the 52 (96.2%) isolates. Both assays are useful for the rapid screening of M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from patients suspected of having multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, but the GenoType MTBDR assay has the advantage of being able to detect resistance to both INH and RIF simultaneously.
Hepatitis B virus HBx protein activates Ras-GTP complex formation and establishes a Ras, Raf, MAP kinase signaling cascade. (1994)

Hepatitis B virus produces a small (154-amino acid) transcriptional transactivating protein, HBx, which is required for viral infection and has been implicated in virus-mediated liver oncogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for HBx activity and its possible influence on cell proliferation have remained obscure. A number of studies suggest that HBx may stimulate transcription by indirectly activating transcription factors, possibly by influencing cell signaling pathways. We now present biochemical evidence that HBx activates Ras and rapidly induces a cytoplasmic signaling cascade linking Ras, Raf, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), leading to transcriptional transactivation. HBx strongly elevates levels of GTP-bound Ras, activated and phosphorylated Raf, and tyrosine-phosphorylated and activated MAP kinase. Transactivation of transcription factor AP-1 by HBx is blocked by inhibition of Ras or Raf activities but not by inhibition of Ca(2+)- and diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase C. HBx was also found to stimulate DNA synthesis in serum-starved cells. The hepatitis B virus HBx protein therefore stimulates Ras-GTP complex formation and promotes downstream signaling through Raf and MAP kinases, and may influence cell proliferation.
Synthesis, conformation, biodistribution and in vitro cytotoxicity of daunomycin-branched polypeptide conjugates (1992)

Daunomycin has been attached to various structurally related synthetic branched polypeptides with a polylysine backbone, using its acid-labile cis-aconityl derivative (cAD). Due to the importance of the side-chain structure in alpha-helix formation and immunological and pharmacological properties of branched polypeptides, we have investigated the conformation, biodistribution, and in vitro cytotoxicity of cAD-carrier conjugates with polypeptides containing amino acid residues of different identity and/or configuration at the side-chain end (XAK type) or at the position next to the polylysine backbone (AXK type), where X = Leu, D-Leu, Pro, Glu, or D-Glu. According to CD studies, polycationic conjugates with hydrophobic Leu in the side chains could assume a highly ordered conformation, while amphoteric conjugates containing Glu proved to be unordered in PBS. The reduction of in vitro cytotoxic activity of cAD by conjugation to carriers and the biodistribution profile of the conjugates were found to be dependent predominantly on the charge properties and on the side-chain sequence of the carrier polypeptide. It was demonstrated that by proper combination of structural elements of the carrier molecule, it is feasible to construct a cAD-branched polypeptide conjugate with significantly prolonged blood survival and with no reduction in in vitro cytotoxicity of the drug.
Bcl-2-regulated cell death signalling in the prevention of autoimmunity (2010)

Cell death mediated through the intrinsic, Bcl-2-regulated mitochondrial apoptosis signalling pathway is critical for lymphocyte development and the establishment of central and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Defects in Bcl-2-regulated cell death signalling have been reported to cause or correlate with autoimmunity in mice and men. This review focuses on the role of Bcl-2 family proteins implicated in the development of autoimmune disorders and their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Sulfur-limitation-regulated proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study (2001)

Little is known about the genes and enzymes involved in sulfur assimilation in Bacillus subtilis, or about the regulation of their expression or activity. To identify genes regulated by sulfur limitation, the authors used two- dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to compare the proteome of a wild-type strain grown with either sulfate or glutathione as sole sulfur source. A total of 15 proteins whose synthesis is modified under these two conditions were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry. In the presence of sulfate, an increased amount of proteins involved in the metabolism of C(1) units (SerA, GlyA, FolD) and in the biosynthesis of purines (PurQ, Xpt) and pyrimidines (Upp, PyrAA, PyrF) was observed. In the presence of glutathione, the synthesis of two uptake systems (DppE, SsuA), an oxygenase (SsuD), cysteine synthase (CysK) and two proteins of unknown function (YtmI, YurL) was increased. The changes in expression of the corresponding genes, in the presence of sulfate and glutathione, were monitored using slot-blot analyses and lacZ fusions. The ytmI gene is part of a locus of 12 genes which are co-regulated in response to sulfur availability. This putative operon is activated by a LysR-like regulator, YTLI: This is the first regulator involved in the control of expression in response to sulfur availability to be identified in B. subtilis.
Polyhydroxystyrene Carbonate Esters for High Sensitivity Photoresists Having Autodecomposition Temperatures > 160° (1989)

There are particular polymeric materials having acid labile groups pendant to the polymer backbone which can be used to produce resist structures having autodecomposition temperatures greater than 160°C. The increase in autodecomposition temperature of the resist is achieved by selecting acid labile groups which upon acid catalyzed deprotection generate less stable intermediate carbonium ions than the t-butyl carbonium ion. Acid labile groups that provide increased autodecomposition stability include those capable of forming secondary aliphatic and deactivated secondary benzylic carbonium ion intermediates. There must be a hydrogen on a carbon adjacent to the carbonium ion in order for elimination of an alkene and a proton to occur and continue the chemical amplification process. The acid labile pendant groups can be part of a polystyrene homopolymer or part of copolymers containing styrene and maleimide units.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7-36)Amide Increases Pulmonary Surfactant Secretion through a Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Mechanism in Rat Type II Pneumocytes (1998)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor messenger RNA has been identified in cells considered type II pneumocytes that are involved in the synthesis and secretion of the pulmonary surfactant.In an attempt to open new insights into the control of surfactant secretion, we studied the effects of glucagon-related peptides in this process.Accordingly, type II pneumocytes were isolated from Wistar rat lungs and cultured overnight with [methyl-14 C]choline, and then the basal and stimulated secretions of [ 14 C]phosphatidylcholine were measured.GLP-1(7-36)amide stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner in the 1-100 nM range; the concentration of the peptide that produced a half-maximal response was 10 nM.Exendin-4 induced similar effects.No changes were ob-served when GLP-1-(1-37), GLP-2, or exendin-(9 -39) was added to the medium.However, the latter reversed the stimulatory effects of GLP-1-(7-36)amide and exendin-4.A study of the mechanism through which GLP-1-(7-36)amide exerts its stimulatory effect was carried out using different agents that are well known stimulants of phosphatidylcholine secretion.GLP-1-(7-36)amide did not produce any change in the stimulatory effect observed with terbutaline or 8-bromo-cAMP, suggesting the involvement of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the stimulatory effect of this peptide on phosphatidylcholine secretion.It was further supported by the use of inhibitors of protein kinases and by the stimulation of cAMP production in type II pneumocytes incubated with either GLP-1-(7-36)amide or exendin-4.
Multiple Oncogenic Pathway Signatures Show Coordinate Expression Patterns in Human Prostate Tumors (2008)

Significant subsets of the genes in these experimentally-derived oncogenic signatures are relevant to the study of human prostate cancer. Both molecular biologists and clinical researchers could focus attention on the relatively small number of genes identified here as having coordinate patterns that arise from both the experimental system and the human disease system.
<title>Fusion of radar and EO sensors for surveillance</title> (2001)

Fusion of radar and EO-sensors is investigated for the purpose of surveillance in littoral waters is. All sensors are considered to be co-located with respect to the distance, typically 1 to 10 km, of the area under surveillance. The sensor suite is a coherent polarimetric radar in combination with a set of camera's sensitive to visible light, near infrared, mid infrared and far infrared. Although co-located, the sensors are dissimilar and not necessarily synchronized. A critical aspect for beneficial fusion in this application is correct association of information from these sensors. Various architectures are considered and it will be argued that a fuse while track algorithm is the most suitable algorithm in this case. Discussed is how such an algorithm is designed and applied. To improve association reliability also non-kinematic features of both sensor types are considered. Investigated in particular is, which features from contacts measured with the polarimetric radar and the EO-sensors are correlated. These features and their correlations are incorporated in the tracking process. Preliminary results are shown.
Coir Fibres II: Evaluation as a Reinforcement in Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites (1985)

Hybrid laminates consisting of glass fiber mat, chopped bristle coir fibers and un saturated polyester resin matrix were fabricated. Effect of treatment of coir fibers with alkali and dichloro methyl vinyl silane on the mechanical properties of the laminates was investigated. The hybrid composites having 66% resin (w/w) and 19.7% chopped coir fiber (1cm long) showed 35% improvement in flexural strength and 70% in flexural modulus over the neat polyester resin sheets. Mechanical properties of laminates increased on increasing the coir fiber length up to 1 cm beyond which a decrease in strength was observed. Hybrid laminates fabricated from NaOH treated coir fibers had better mechanical properties than those fabricated from untreated coir fibers. A decrease in thermal conductivity was observed with increasing weight fraction of coir fibers.
Colloidal Quantum-Dot Photodetectors Exploiting Multiexciton Generation (2009)

Multiexciton generation (MEG) has been indirectly observed in colloidal quantum dots, both in solution and the solid state, but has not yet been shown to enhance photocurrent in an optoelectronic device. Here, we report a class of solution-processed photoconductive detectors, sensitive in the ultraviolet, visible, and the infrared, in which the internal gain is dramatically enhanced for photon energies Ephoton greater than 2.7 times the quantum-confined bandgap Ebandgap. Three thin-film devices with different quantum-confined bandgaps (set by the size of their constituent lead sulfide nanoparticles) show enhancement determined by the bandgap-normalized photon energy, Ephoton/Ebandgap, which is a clear signature of MEG. The findings point to a valuable role for MEG in enhancing the photocurrent in a solid-state optoelectronic device. We compare the conditions on carrier excitation, recombination, and transport for photoconductive versus photovoltaic devices to benefit from MEG.
Tomodensitometric and histologic evaluation of the combined use of a collagen membrane and a hydroxyapatite spacer for guided bone regeneration: a clinical report. (1999)

In this report, the problems of insufficient bone and soft tissue after extraction of maxillary incisors were addressed concurrently prior to endosseous implant placement, by combining the use of a diphenylphosphorylazide-cross-linked Type I collagen membrane and a resorbable space-making biomaterial composed of 200-micron porous hydroxyapatite granules blended in Type I collagen and chondroitin-4-sulfate. Upon flap reflection 8 months postsurgery, the horizontal deficiencies were almost completely resolved, membranes completely resorbed and the defects filled with hard, bonelike tissue, with a few superficial hydroxyapatite granules. Histologic evaluation of the bone biopsies obtained at the implantation sites revealed dense, well-reconstructed alveolar bone with a few traces of hydroxyapatite granules that had been completely resorbed. Tomodensitometric evaluation indicated that bone regeneration ranged from 14% to 58%, with an average bone gain of 29.77%. Four nonsubmerged ITI titanium implants placed in the augmented bone have been in function for more than 5 years, with no clinical or radiographic signs of hard or soft tissue breakdown. Bacterial sampling at dental sites with periodontitis 1 month prior to periodontal therapy and at implant sites for up to 30 months demonstrated rapid colonization of implant surfaces by periodontopathogens without causing any detrimental effect to implant integration.
Shaping nano-/micro-particles for enhanced vascular interaction in laminar flows (2009)

Non-spherical nano-/micro-particles can drift laterally (hydrodynamic margination) in a linear laminar flow under the concurrent effect of hydrodynamic and inertial forces. Such a feature can be exploited in the rational design of particle-based intravascular and pulmonary delivery systems and for designing new flow fractioning systems for high-throughput particle separation. A general approach is presented to predict the marginating behavior of non-spherical particles. The lateral drift velocity is shown to depend on the particle Stokes number St(a) and to grow with the size, density and rotational inertia of the particle. Elongated particles, in particular, low aspect ratio discoidal particles, exhibit the largest propensity to marginate in a linear laminar flow. In the blood microcirculation, at low shear rates (S<100 s(-1)), non-spherical particles oscillate around their trajectory and margination can only be achieved through the application of external force fields (gravitational, magnetic); whereas for larger S (100 s(-1)<S<10(4) s(-1)), micrometer particles can achieve drift velocities in the order of 1-10 microm s(-1). In the pulmonary circulation, hydrodynamic margination can be observed even for sub-micrometer particles. Finally, the inherent propensity of non-spherical particles to drift laterally can be effectively exploited for designing microfluidic devices, based on the flow fractioning approach, for particle separation without using external lateral force fields.
Characterization of anaerobic fermentative growth of Bacillus subtilis: identification of fermentation end products and genes required for growth (1997)

Bacillus subtilis can grow anaerobically by respiration with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. In the absence of external electron acceptors, it grows by fermentation. Identification of fermentation products by using in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance scans of whole cultures indicated that B. subtilis grows by mixed acid-butanediol fermentation but that no formate is produced. An ace mutant that lacks pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was unable to grow anaerobically and produced hardly any fermentation product. These results suggest that PDH is involved in most or all acetyl coenzyme A production in B. subtilis under anaerobic conditions, unlike Escherichia coli, which uses pyruvate formate lyase. Nitrate respiration was previously shown to require the ResDE two-component signal transduction system and an anaerobic gene regulator, FNR. Also required are respiratory nitrate reductase, encoded by the narGHJI operon, and moaA, involved in biosynthesis of a molybdopterin cofactor of nitrate reductase. The resD and resDE mutations were shown to moderately affect fermentation, but nitrate reductase activity and fnr are dispensable for fermentative growth. A search for genes involved in fermentation indicated that ftsH is required, and is also needed to a lesser extent for nitrate respiration. These results show that nitrate respiration and fermentation of B. subtilis are governed by divergent regulatory pathways.
An Improved Nonselective Culture Medium for Ruminal Bacteria and Its Use in Determining Diurnal Variation in Numbers of Bacteria in the Rumen (1961)

Summary An improved rumen fluid agar medium was developed that permitted the growth of about double the numbers of bacteria from ruminal contents grown in the medium previously used. It allowed much larger numbers of colonies to be counted and isolated with greater ease from a given volume of medium and after longer incubation periods. The main modifications made were the use of rumen fluid clarified by centrifugation, reducing the concentration of the sugar energy sources (glucose and cellobiose) and inclusion of soluble starch as an additional energy source, and changing the reducing agent from cysteine to a combination of cysteine and sodium sulfide. Many other modifications in the medium were tested and found to be without effect or detrimental to colony counts. Experiments indicate that about the same range of species of bacteria are cultured in the improved medium as in the old, except that the improved medium allows the growth of bacteroides strains that utilize starch but not glucose or cellobiose. Significant differences were shown in nonselective viable counts of ruminal bacteria obtained from samples of rumen contents collected at different times during the day from a cow fed alfalfa hay or a grain mixture once a day, and there were also differences in counts due to the ration.