gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose metabolism in human myocytes (2002)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to have insulin-like effects upon the metabolism of glucose in rat liver, muscle and fat, and on that of lipids in rat and human adipocytes. These actions seem to be exerted through specific receptors which, unlike that of the pancreas, are not - at least in liver and muscle - cAMP-associated. Here we have investigated the effect, its characteristics, and possible second messengers of GLP-1 on the glucose metabolism of human skeletal muscle, in tissue strips and primary cultured myocytes. In muscle strips, GLP-1, like insulin, stimulated glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase a activity, and glucose oxidation and utilization, and inhibited glycogen phosphorylase a activity, all of this at physiological concentrations of the peptide. In cultured myotubes, GLP-1 exerted, from 10(-13) mol/l, a dose-related increase of the D-[U-(14)C]glucose incorporation into glycogen, with the same potency as insulin, together with an activation of glycogen synthase a; the effect of 10(-11) mol/l GLP-1 on both parameters was additive to that induced by the equimolar amount of insulin. Synthase a was still activated in cells after 2 days of exposure to GLP-1, as compared with myotubes maintained in the absence of peptide. In human muscle cells, exendin-4 and its truncated form 9-39 amide (Ex-9) are both agonists of the GLP-1 effect on glycogen synthesis and synthase a activity; but while neither GLP-1 nor exendin-4 affected the cellular cAMP content after 5-min incubation in the absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX), an increase was detected with Ex-9. GLP-1, exendin-4, Ex-9 and insulin all induced the prompt hydrolysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs). This work shows a potent stimulatory effect of GLP-1 on the glucose metabolism of human skeletal muscle, and supports the long-term therapeutic value of the peptide. Further evidence for a GLP-1 receptor in this tissue, different from that of the pancreas, is also illustrated, suggesting a role for an inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) as at least one of the possible second messengers of the GLP-1 action in human muscle.
Cloning and expression analysis of <i>Sall4</i>, the murine homologue of the gene mutated in Okihiro syndrome (2002)

SALL4 is one out of four human homologues of the DROSOPHILA region-specific homeotic gene SPALT(SAL). Heterozygous mutations of SALL4 on chromosome 20q13.13--> q13.2 cause the autosomal dominant Okihiro syndrome which is characterized by radial limb defects, Duane anomaly and hearing loss. We have partially cloned the murine homologue of this gene, named SALL4, and completed the coding sequence by comparison to available EST and genomic sequences in the GenBank database. This comparison also revealed the chromosomal location of SALL4 on mouse chromosome 2H3 and suggested that a predicted testis expressed gene TEX20 at the very same locus is most likely not a gene on its own but part of the SALL4 3' UTR. We analyzed the expression of SALL4 during early embryogenesis by whole mount in situ hybridization and in the adult mouse by Northern blotting. In adult tissues, SALL4 expression is only found in testis and ovary. During embryonic development, SALL4 expression is widespread in early embryos and becomes gradually confined to the head region and the primitive streak. Prominent expression in the developing midbrain, branchial arches and the limbs suggests an important function of SALL4 during development of these structures as expected from the observation in Okihiro syndrome patients.
Ultrastructural characterization of colloidal metal films for bioanalytical applications by scanning force microscopy (1996)

Colloidal metal films (CMFs) are prepared by the attachment of silver, gold, or platinum (or other metal) particles to a glass slide modified by silanization with 3-mercaptopropyl silane. The covalent attachment of the metal particles occurs through the metal–sulfur bond. In these samples the local electromagnetic field is enhanced near the surface of the CMF due to excitation of plasmon resonances. This phenomenon can be used for a variety of analytical applications. Because the optical properties are strongly dependent on the morphology of the film, its structural characterization becomes of great importance. To further characterize CMFs we have used scanning force microscopy (SFM). Initial studies revealed lateral dimensions of the particles as well as the particle density. Height measurements were made using the three-dimensional topographic image of the surface yielded by SFM, and were used to evaluate the selective deposition of a silica spacer layer onto the metal particles. Comparative SFM measurements in water and air using different imaging modes were performed to investigate the mechanical stability of CMFs against the forces exerted by the scanning tip.
Localization of aberrant messenger RNA of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in malignant glioma. (1997)

Human gliomas occasionally show rearrangements with deletions (exons II to VII) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, resulting in the expression of aberrant EGFR mRNA. This abnormality of EGFR gene expression is closely related to the malignancy of glioma. However, this EGFR gene abnormality has not been demonstrated directly in the glioma cells themselves, as gliomas consist of heterogeneous tissue components. In this study, we used in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect aberrant EGFR mRNA in the tumor cells in 26 human gliomas and 19 human glioma xenografts. We used digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes for ISH, which demonstrated aberrant EGFR mRNA in 2 of the 26 gliomas and in 3 of the 19 human glioma xenografts. ISH with an aberrant EGFR-specific probe (oligo-PA) revealed that EGFR mRNA was absent from multinucleated giant cells and from proliferating endothelial cells, but this transcript was present in small glioma cells. Identical aberrant EGFR mRNA was confirmed in these glioma and human glioma xenografts by Southern blotting. Northern blotting, and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These findings suggest that small tumor cells specifically express the aberrant EGFR mRNA in certain high grade gliomas.
Interlayer exchange coupling in Co/Cr/Co double-layered recording films studied by spin-wave Brillouin scattering (1991)

Exchange coupling between Co layers through a Cr interlayer in sputtered Co/Cr/Co films has been studied by Brillouin scattering of spin waves by changing the thickness of the Cr interlayer up to 50 AA. The Brillouin spectrum consists of two spin-wave modes due to the Co double-layered structure which depends on the Cr-layer thickness. From the frequencies of the spin-wave modes, the interlayer exchange coupling A/sub 12/ varying with the Cr layer is determined by using Hillebrands' theory. The exchange coupling through the nonmagnetic layer decreases with increase of the Cr thickness and becomes negligible for the Cr layer thicker than 20 AA. The result is compared with the media noise in double-layered CoCrPt alloy films with a Cr interlayer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Self-Correcting HVAC Controls: Algorithms for Sensors and Dampers in Air-Handling Units (2009)

This report documents the self-correction algorithms developed in the Self-Correcting Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Controls project funded jointly by the Bonneville Power Administration and the Building Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. The algorithms address faults for temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and dampers in air-handling units and correction of persistent manual overrides of automated control systems. All faults considered create energy waste when left uncorrected as is frequently the case in actual systems.
HGF/NK4 is a specific antagonist for pleiotrophic actions of hepatocyte growth factor (1997)

We prepared a specific antagonist for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and designated it HGF/NK4. HGF/NK4 is composed of N-terminal 447 amino acids of the alpha-chain of HGF, thus contains the N-terminal hairpin domain and subsequent four kringle domains. HGF/NK4 competitively inhibited the specific binding of HGF to the receptor. Importantly, HGF/NK4 neither stimulated DNA synthesis of primary cultured rat hepatocytes (mitogenesis) nor induced cell scattering (motogenesis) and branching tubulogenesis (morphogenesis) of MDCK renal epithelial cells, however, HGF/NK4 almost completely inhibited the mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities of HGF. HGF/NK4 also suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-Met/HGF receptor induced by HGF. Apparently this is the first documentation of a specific antagonist which abrogates the mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities of HGF.
Mutational Analysis of the Prt1 Protein Subunit of Yeast Translation Initiation Factor 3 (1995)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PRT1 gene product Prt1p is a component of translation initiation factor eIF-3, and mutations in PRT1 inhibit translation initiation. We have investigated structural and functional aspects of Prt1p and its gene. Transcript analysis and deletion of the PRT1 5' end revealed that translation of PRT1 mRNA is probably initiated at the second in-frame ATG in the open reading frame. The amino acid changes encoded by six independent temperature-sensitive prt1 mutant alleles were found to be distributed throughout the central and C-terminal regions of Prt1p. The temperature sensitivity of each mutant allele was due to a single missense mutation, except for the prt1-2 allele, in which two missense mutations were required. In-frame deletion of an N-terminal region of Prt1p generated a novel, dominant-negative form of Prt1p that inhibits translation initiation even in the presence of wild-type Prt1p. Subcellular fractionation suggested that the dominant-negative Prt1p competes with wild-type Prt1p for association with a component of large Prt1p complexes and as a result inhibits the binding of wild-type Prt1p to the 40S ribosome.
Glutathione Conjugation of Alkylating Cytostatic Drugs with a Nitrogen Mustard Group and the Role of Glutathione S-Transferases (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTGlutathione Conjugation of Alkylating Cytostatic Drugs with a Nitrogen Mustard Group and the Role of Glutathione S-TransferasesHubert A. A. M. Dirven, Ben van Ommen, and Peter J. van BladerenView Author Information TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Division of Toxicology, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The NetherlandsCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1996, 9, 2, 351–360Publication Date (Web):February 29, 1996Publication History Received14 August 1995Published online29 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx950143chttps://doi.org/10.1021/tx950143creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antioxidants,Cells,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Particulate matter,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Improving Sustainability in Ene–Yne Cross‐Metathesis for Transformation of Unsaturated Fatty Esters (2010)

Ruthenium-catalyzed ene-yne cross-metathesis is performed with stoichiometric proportions of terminal olefins and alkynes. This is made possible by the continuous addition of the alkyne to the reaction mixture. The protocol allows the ene-yne cross-metathesis reaction to be carried out with long-chain terminal olefins and in a one-pot fashion with internal olefins after shortening by ethenolysis. The efficient conversion of renewable unsaturated fatty esters from bioresources into valuable conjugated 1,3-dienes of interest for further transformations is performed using this technique under mild conditions in dimethyl carbonate; an ecofriendly solvent.
Sodium butyrate is a potent modulator of smooth muscle cell proliferation and gene expression (1996)

Sodium butyrate is a small, naturally occurring molecule with demonstrated activity on cell growth and differentiation. However, its effect on smooth muscle cells had not been examined. We have found that sodium butyrate and its more stable in vivo analogue tributyrin are potent DNA synthesis and cell proliferation inhibitors. The inhibitory activity of sodium butyrate was not mediated by an elevation of endogenous cAMP levels, a known pathway involved in SMC growth-arrest and maintenance of the contractile phenotype. Consistent with the concept that its activity is mediated by a cAMP-independent pathway, butyrate was able to augment the maximum DNA synthesis inhibitory effect of various agents that elevated intracellular cAMP levels. Additionally, butyrate present for just the initial 8 h or present as late as 16 h after serum addition was able to inhibit DNA synthesis. By contrast, the cAMP analogue, 8Br-cAMP had to be present throughout the entire G0 to S phase of the cell cycle to effectively inhibit DNA synthesis. These results indicated that sodium butyrate inhibited SMC growth through a cAMP-independent mechanism. We also found that sodium butyrate was unable to abrogate the expression of the serum-inducible genes c-fos, c-myc, Ki-Ras and PS4, but was able to directly stimulate the expression of PS4 and thrombospondin. These results indicate that a number of important early G1 events initiated by serum growth factors are unaltered by sodium butyrate and that this compound is able to directly stimulate the expression of certain genes normally associated with SMC proliferation.
Regulation of Cdx2 expression by promoter methylation, and effects of Cdx2 transfection on morphology and gene expression of human esophageal epithelial cells (2006)

Caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2) has been suggested as an early marker of Barrett's esophagus (BE), which is the premalignant lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the mechanism of ectopic Cdx2 expression in the esophageal epithelial cells and its role in the development of BE remained unclear. RT-PCR, pyrosequencing and methylation-specific PCR were used to determine expression and promoter methylation of Cdx2 in human esophageal epithelial cells (HET1A and SEG1) after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), acid, bile acids and their combination. HET1A cells with stable transfection of Cdx2 were characterized for morphology and gene expression profiles with Affymetrix array. We found Cdx2 was expressed in most human EAC cell lines, but not in squamous epithelial cell lines. DAC-induced demethylation and expression of Cdx2 in HET1A and SEG1 cells, and treatment with a DNA methylating agent counteracted the effect of DAC. Treatment of HET1A and SEG1 cells with acid, bile acids or both also resulted in promoter demethylation and expression of Cdx2. HET1A cells with stable transfection of human Cdx2 formed crypt-like structures in vitro. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR showed that stable transfection of Cdx2 up-regulated differentiation markers of intestinal columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells in HET1A cells. This may be partially due to modulation of Notch signaling pathway, as western blotting confirmed down-regulation of Hes1 and up-regulation of Atoh1 and Muc2. Our data suggest that exposure to acid and/or bile acids may activate Cdx2 expression in human esophageal epithelial cells through promoter demethylation, and ectopic Cdx2 expression in esophageal squamous epithelial cells may contribute to intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus.
Chronic stress impairs spatial memory and motivation for reward without disrupting motor ability and motivation to explore. (2006)

This study uses an operant, behavioral model to assess the daily changes in the decay rate of short-term memory, motivation, and motor ability in rats exposed to chronic restraint. Restraint decreased reward-related motivation by 50% without altering memory decay rate or motor ability. Moreover, chronic restraint impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial memory on the Y maze (4-hr delay) and produced CA3 dendritic retraction without altering hippocampal-independent maze navigation (1-min delay) or locomotion. Thus, mechanisms underlying motivation for food reward differ from those underlying Y maze exploration, and neurobiological substrates of spatial memory, such as the hippocampus, differ from those that underlie short-term memory. Chronic restraint produces functional, neuromorphological, and physiological alterations that parallel symptoms of depression in humans.
Somatostatin for Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) (2005)

Somatostatin may play a role in the treatment of CME secondary to uveitis.
ICE COLD (2001)

The workers in Harry Gottlieb's Filling the Icehouse are harvesting ice. At the time the picture was painted (1934), ice harvesting was an annual activity, taking place after a period of weather severe enough to freeze water, usually in January. The harvesters cleared large chunks of ice from frozen ponds, lakes, and rivers. The chunks were cut into blocks or smaller “cakes” and stored in insulated buildings for use throughout the year. Blocks of ice in train cars prevented spoilage of milk and dairy products during transport, and cakes, regularly delivered by icemen, kept food cold in people's iceboxes, wooden cabinets on legs (with containers underneath to catch water as the ice melted) that were the forerunners of refrigerators. With the ready availability of ice at the touch of a button or at most the filling of an ice cube tray, we take the capability to freeze water at will for granted. Yet it was only in the 20th century that it became essential not only in our daily lives but also in medicine. Sufferers from strains, bruises, and pulled muscles have long been advised to treat their afflictions with RICE: Rest the immediate area; Ice immediately; Compression; and Elevation of the injured area. In the early stages of such injuries, this combination enhances healing, alleviates pain, and reduces swelling. But researchers continue to learn more about the therapeutic effects of ice and cold temperatures. Hypothermia therapy, in which patients are placed in ice water or in beds of ice, decreases the body temperature of patients with severe fevers. Danish researchers have also recently found that lowering the body temperature of recent stroke victims may improve their chances of survival. An interesting attribute to hypothermia has come to light in the cases of people who have been resuscitated after apparently drowning in frozen lakes or ponds. After being submerged for 30 minutes to an hour, many have recovered with little or no brain damage. In such instances, the freezing temperature of the water retards metabolism and prevents the brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation. Along the same lines, doctors have been experimenting with combinations of drugs and brain-cooling techniques to protect the brains of stroke and heart attack victims. Chilling the brain gives them more time in which to save these patients while also preventing brain and organ damage. More experiments are being done to perfect the freezing and storing of human organs to keep them available for people needing transplants. Blood, sperm, and embryos are routinely frozen for later use. And even more radical is the practice of cryonics, requested by those who want their dead bodies frozen in the hope that they can later be revived. Ice is very important in everyday life and in science and medicine. Fortunately, we no longer need to rely on cold winters and frozen ponds to supply it.
Cellular Immune Mechanisms and Tumor Dormancy (2017)

An overview of mechanisms responsible for tumour dormancy a pathologist's view of tumour dormancy animal models of tumour dormancy immune regulation of a murine T-cell lymphoma dormant state idoptypic vaccination against B-cell lymphoma leads to dormant tumour tumour dormancy in a murine lymphoma amplification of natural host defense mechanisms against cancer by recombinant IL-2 with induction of tumour dormancy graft-versus-leukaemia effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation late relapse and tumour dormancy effects of anaesthesia on the immune response and tumour metastasis the effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the immune response and tumour metastasis animal studies of the effect of blood transfusion on tumour growth the effect of perioperative whole blood transfusion on the outcome of cancer surgery negative effects of adjuvant therapy for state I and II non small cell lung cancer the effect of renal transplantation in patients with a remote history of curative cancer therapy local tumour immunity and abnormal immunoregulations soluble tumour antigens used in clinica trials of immunotherapy evidence for the presence of dormant metastases in patients treated by adjuvant specific active immunotherapy statistical analyses of clinical trials of specific active immunotherapy for non small cell lung cancer.