gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoupling Control of Penicillin Fermentation Processes Based on MLS-SVM Inversion (2016)

Specific to typical multi-variable, strong-coupling and nonlinear penicillin fermentation process, by combination of an inverse system method and a support vector machine theory, a nonlinear robust decoupling control method based on MLS-SVM inversion is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic system model is developed based on material balance relation of fed-batch fermentation process, and existence of inverse system is analyzed. Secondly, an inverse model has been developed offline by use of fitting capacity of MLS-SVM; online correction was made by use of differential evolution (DE) algorithm on the basis of deviation information. Finally, to connect the inverse model and original system in serial into a compound pseudo-linear system, and based on characteristics of pseudo-linear system, introduce internal model controller for closed-loop control of the system. Simulation result shows that such control method can realize dynamic decoupling control of penicillin fermentation process; the system boasts very strong parameter robustness and good resistance against interference
Validity of microsphere depositions for regional myocardial flows (1987)

Due to the particulate nature of microspheres, their deposition in small-tissue regions may not be strictly flow dependent. To evaluate the importance of rheological and geometric factors and random error, their deposition densities in small regions of rabbit hearts were examined in comparison with those of a new "molecular microsphere," 2-iododesmethylimipramine (IDMI), whose high lipid solubility allows it to be delivered into tissue in proportion to flow, and whose binding in tissue prevents rapid washout. 141Ce- and 103Ru-labeled 16.5-micron spheres in one syringe and [125I]- and [131I]DMI in another syringe were injected simultaneously into the left atrium of open-chest rabbits, while obtaining reference blood samples from the femoral artery. Hearts were removed 1 min after injection, cut into approximately 100 pieces averaging 54 mg, and the regional deposition densities calculated for each tracer from the isotopic counts. Correlations between the differently labeled microspheres were r greater than 0.95 and for the two IDMIs were greater than 0.98. Scatter plots of sphere densities vs. IDMI densities showed that differences between microspheres and IDMI had substantial scatter, 0.87 less than r less than 0.96 and were not random. Microsphere depositions tended to be lower than IDMI depositions at low flows and higher at high flows. The tendency for spheres to be deposited preferentially in high-flow regions may be explained by a bias at bifurcations toward entering the branch with higher flow and secondarily toward entering those branches that are straighter. We conclude that microspheres are generally adequate for estimating regional flows but suffer systematic error when the regions of interest are supplied via arteries of diameters only a few times those of the microspheres.
Expression of Apg‐1, a member of the Hsp110 family, in the human testis and sperm (2001)

Apg-1 is developmentally expressed in human testicular germ cells and sperm, suggesting its role in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Identification of substrates for Apg-1 chaperone activity will help elucidate its function.
Swift/RAID: a distributed RAID system (1994)

ABSTRACT: The Swift VO architecture is designed to provide high data rates in support of multimedia type applications in general-purpose distributed environments through the use of distributed striping. Strþing techniques place sections of a single logical data space onto multiple physical devices. The original Swift prototype was designed to validate the architecture, but did not provide fault tolerance. We have implemented a new prototype of the Swift architecture that provides fault tolerance in the distributed environment in the same manner as RAID levels 4 and 5. RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) techniques have recently been widely used to increase both performance and fault tolerance of disk storage systems. The new Swift/RAID implementation manages all communication using a distributed transfer plan executor which isolates all communication code from the rest of Swift. The transfer plan executor is implemented as a distributed finite state machine that decodes and executes a set of reliable data-transfer operations. This approach enables us to easily investigate alternative architectures and communications protocols.
Prevention of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Transfer of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Expressing Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide along with TRAIL or Programmed Death-1 Ligand (2005)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is caused by activation of myelin Ag-reactive CD4+ T cells. In the current study, we tested a strategy to prevent EAE by pretreatment of mice with genetically modified dendritic cells (DC) presenting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide in the context of MHC class II molecules and simultaneously expressing TRAIL or Programmed Death-1 ligand (PD-L1). For genetic modification of DC, we used a recently established method to generate DC from mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in vitro (ES-DC). ES cells were sequentially transfected with an expression vector for TRAIL or PD-L1 and an MHC class II-associated invariant chain-based MOG epitope-presenting vector. Subsequently, double-transfectant ES cell clones were induced to differentiate to ES-DC, which expressed the products of introduced genes. Treatment of mice with either of the double-transfectant ES-DC significantly reduced T cell response to MOG, cell infiltration into spinal cord, and the severity of MOG peptide-induced EAE. In contrast, treatment with ES-DC expressing MOG alone, irrelevant Ag (OVA) plus TRAIL, or OVA plus PD-L1, or coinjection with ES-DC expressing MOG plus ES-DC-expressing TRAIL or PD-L1 had no effect in reducing the disease severity. In contrast, immune response to irrelevant exogenous Ag (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) was not impaired by treatment with any of the genetically modified ES-DC. The double-transfectant ES-DC presenting Ag and simultaneously expressing immune-suppressive molecules may well prove to be an effective therapy for autoimmune diseases without inhibition of the immune response to irrelevant Ag.
The Role of FOXO and PPAR Transcription Factors in Diet-Mediated Inhibition of PDC Activation and Carbohydrate Oxidation During Exercise in Humans and the Role of Pharmacological Activation of PDC in Overriding These Changes (2012)

High-fat feeding inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-controlled carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, which contributes to muscle insulin resistance. We aimed to reveal molecular changes underpinning this process in resting and exercising humans. We also tested whether pharmacological activation of PDC overrides these diet-induced changes. Healthy males consumed a control diet (CD) and on two further occasions an isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD). After each diet, subjects cycled for 60 min after intravenous infusion with saline (CD and HFD) or dichloroacetate (HFD+DCA). Quadriceps muscle biopsies obtained before and after 10 and 60 min of exercise were used to estimate CHO use, PDC activation, and mRNAs associated with insulin, fat, and CHO signaling. Compared with CD, HFD increased resting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2), PDK4, forkhead box class O transcription factor 1 (FOXO1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor transcription factor α (PPARα) mRNA and reduced PDC activation. Exercise increased PDC activation and whole-body CHO use in HFD, but to a lower extent than in CD. Meanwhile PDK4 and FOXO1, but not PPARα or PDK2, mRNA remained elevated. HFD+DCA activated PDC throughout and restored whole-body CHO use during exercise. FOXO1 appears to play a role in HFD-mediated muscle PDK4 upregulation and inhibition of PDC and CHO oxidation in humans. Also, pharmacological activation of PDC restores HFD-mediated inhibition of CHO oxidation during exercise.
Review: Tubulin Function, Action of Antitubulin Drugs, and New Drug Development (2005)

Anticancer agents that interfere with microtubulin function are in widespread use in man and have a broad spectrum of activity against both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The mechanisms of actions of these agents have been better defined during the past decade, indicating that there are distinct binding sites for these agents and that they interfere with microtubulin dynamics (growth and shortening of tubules) at low concentrations and only evoke microtubulin aggregation or dissociation at high concentrations. Tubulin has been recently described in the nucleus of cells and in mitochondria. Downstream events from tubulin binding are believed to be critical events for the generation of apoptosis in the malignant cell. The effects of vinca alkaloids and taxanes are distinct, suggesting that the interference with the tubulin cap by high-affinity binding of effective agents is not the only mechanism of cytotoxic effect, and the low-affinity binding of drug, which distorts microtubulin function, may also be important. The epothilones share some of the binding characteristics of the taxanes and are in clinical trials because of cytoxic activity in taxane resistant cells. Tubulin has additional target sites for anticancer drugs including interference with the binding and function of microtubule associated proteins and interference with motor proteins which are essential for the transport of substances within the cell. Because many of these microtubule associated proteins have an ATP binding site, both computer-aided design and combinatorial chemistry techniques can be used to make agents to interfere with their function analogous to imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). Agents that interfere with the motor protein kinesin are entering clinical trials.
Fatigue and myalgia in AIDS patients (1991)

Fatigue and myalgia are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To determine whether altered muscle metabolism or impaired activation of muscle might account for these symptoms, we utilized three different exercise protocols to produce fatigue in nine AIDS patients who complained of both fatigue and exercise-exacerbated myalgia. Five were taking azidothymidine (AZT), which may cause a mitochondrial myopathy. Simultaneous measures of force, EMG, and muscle metabolites (phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and intracellular pH) using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed during fatigue and recovery. There were no significant differences between patients and controls in terms of fatigability, muscle metabolism, or muscle activation. These results provide no support for the hypothesis that fatigue or myalgia in AIDS patients derives from altered muscle metabolism or that AZT produces mitochondrial myopathy.
Amyloid PET imaging in patients with mild cognitive impairment (2011)

Hippocampal atrophy and amyloid deposition seem to dissociate during the evolution of MCI, the atrophy increasing clearly and [(11)C] PiB retention changing modestly when conversion to AD occurs. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether nonconverters would convert to AD later, which would suggest accelerated [(11)C] PiB retention preceding clinical conversion.
Variable-state latent conditional random fields for facial expression recognition and action unit detection (2015)

Automatic recognition of facial expressions of emotions, and detection of facial action units (AUs), from videos depends critically on modeling of their dynamics. These dynamics are characterized by changes in temporal phases (onset-apex-offset) and intensity of emotion/AUs, the appearance of which vary considerably among subjects, making the recognition/detection task very challenging. While state-of-the-art Latent Conditional Random Fields (LCRF) allow one to efficiently encode these dynamics via modeling of structural information (e.g., temporal consistency and ordinal constraints), their latent states are restricted to either unordered (nominal) or fully ordered (ordinal). However, such an approach is often too restrictive since, for instance, in the case of AU detection, the sequences of an active AU may better be described using ordinal latent states (corresponding to the AU intensity levels), while the sequences of this AU not being active may better be described using unordered (nominal) latent states. To this end, we propose the Variable-state LCRF model that automatically selects the optimal latent states (nominal or ordinal) for each sequence from each target class. This unsupervised adaptation of the model to individual sequence or subject contexts opens the possibility for improved model fitting and, subsequently, enhanced predictive performance. Our experiments on four public expression databases (CK+, AFEW, MMI and GEMEP-FERA) show that the proposed model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for both facial expression recognition and action unit detection from image sequences.
Superparamagnetic graphene oxide–Fe3O4 nanoparticles hybrid for controlled targeted drug carriers (2009)

A superparamagnetic graphene oxide –Fe3O4nanoparticles hybrid (GO–Fe3O4) was prepared via a simple and effective chemical precipitation method. The amount of loading of Fe3O4 on GO was estimated as 18.6 wt% by atomic absorption spectrometry. The hybrid was then loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) and the loading capacity was as high as 1.08 mg mg−1. Both of the GO–Fe3O4 hybrids before and after loading with DXR can be dispersed well in aqueous solution. They can congregate under acidic conditions and move regularly under the force of an external magnet. Furthermore, the aggregated hybrid can be redispersed to form a stable suspension under basic conditions. These properties make it a potential candidate for controlled targeted drug delivery and release.
Physiological significance of L-amino acid sensing by extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptors (2007)

The calcium-sensing receptor is a multimodal, multimetabolic sensor that mediates the feedback-dependent control of whole body calcium metabolism. Remarkably, in addition to its role in Ca(2+)(o) (extracellular Ca(2+)) sensing, the CaR (Ca(2+)-sensing receptor) also responds to L-amino acids. L-amino acids appear to activate, predominantly, a signalling pathway coupled with intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, require a threshold concentration of Ca(2+)(o) for efficacy and sensitize the receptor to activation by Ca(2+)(o). Here, we review the evidence that the CaR, like other closely related members of the class 3 GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) family including GPRC6A, is a broad-spectrum amino acid-sensing receptor, consider the nature of the signalling response to amino acids and discuss its physiological significance.
Hormone-Independent Repression of AP-1-Inducible Collagenase Promoter Activity by Glucocorticoid Receptors (1995)

The role of the ligand in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transactivation and transrepression of gene expression was investigated. Half-maximal transactivation of a mouse mammary tumor virus-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in transfected cells expressing the human glucocorticoid receptor mutant GRL753F, from which the rate of ligand dissociation is four to five times higher than the rate of dissociation from normal receptors, required a 200- to 300-fold-higher concentration of dexamethasone than was required in cells expressing the normal receptor. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that this difference was not the result of a failure of the mutant receptor to accumulate in the nucleus after steroid treatment. In contrast, in cells cotransfected with a reporter gene containing the AP-1-inducible collagenase gene promoter, the concentration of dexamethasone required for 50% transrepression was the same for mutant and normal receptors. Efficient receptor-mediated transrepression was also observed with the double mutant GRL753F/C421Y, in which the first cysteine residue of the proximal zinc finger has been replaced by tyrosine, indicating that neither retention of the ligand nor direct binding of the receptor to DNA is required. RU38486 behaved as a full agonist with respect to transrepression. In addition, receptor-dependent transrepression, but not transactivation, was observed in transfected cells after heat shock in the absence of the ligand. Taken together, these results suggest that unlike transactivation, transrepression of AP-1 activity by the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor is ligand independent.
The ultra-wide bandwidth indoor channel: from statistical model to simulations (2002)

We establish a statistical model for the ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) indoor channel based on an extensive measurement campaign in a typical modern office building with 2-ns delay resolution. The approach is based on the investigation of the statistical properties of the multipath profiles measured in different rooms over a finely spaced measurement grid. The analysis leads to the formulation of a stochastic tapped-delay-line (STDL) model of the UWB indoor channel. The averaged power delay profile can be well-modeled by a single exponential decay with a statistically distributed decay constant. The small-scale statistics of path energy gains follow Gamma distributions whose parameters m are truncated Gaussian variables with mean values and standard deviations decreasing with delay. The total received energy experiences a lognormal shadowing around the mean energy given by the path-loss power law. We also find that the correlation between multipath components is negligible. Finally, we propose an implementation of the STDL model and give a comparison between the experimental data and the simulation results.
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Thin-film silicon exists in different phases, ranging from amorphous via microcrystalline to single crystalline. In contrast to the periodic lattice that characterises the crystalline form, there is only very short-range order in amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The first amorphous silicon layers were deposited in an rf-driven glow discharge using silane. This deposition technique is now usually called plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) technique is based on the decomposition of silicon-containing gases at a catalytic hot surface. Today many groups study HWCVD thin-film silicon and its alloys for various applications such as solar cells, passivation layers, and thin-film transistors. This chapter discusses the basic operation of a basic thin-film silicon solar cell and then presents the thin-film structure and technology. It also talks about the status of the technology of single-junction cells in the laboratory.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Based Assessment of Endothelial Shear Stress and Its Association with Atherosclerotic Plaque Distribution In-Vivo (2015)

In this study a close association of atherosclerotic plaque distribution and ESS pattern could be demonstrated in-vivo. Adding CFD analysis to coronary CTA offers the possibility to gather morphologic and physiologic data within one non-invasive examination.
Nanoporous graphene materials (2014)

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have been widely studied and exploited to open the band gap, increase the specific surface area and dispersibility, and/or improve the optical, catalytic and sensing properties of pristine graphene. This review summarizes the recent advancements on the synthesis of NPGs and their applications in field effect transistors (FETs), sensors, electrochemical capacitors, nucleic acid analysis and molecular sieving.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1-Deficient Mice (1998)

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, or CD54, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 and macrophage-1 antigen. ICAM-1:LFA-1/Mac-1 interaction may be involved in both activation and extravasation of leukocytes. To determine the roles of ICAM-1 in the development of autoimmune disease, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice deficient in ICAM-1. We found that T cell proliferation and TH1-type cytokine production in response to myelin antigen were significantly reduced in ICAM-1-deficient mice, whereas TH2-type cytokine IL-10 was increased. Unexpectedly, EAE induced by either myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein or myelin basic protein was significantly enhanced in mice deficient in ICAM-1. The enhancement was evidenced primarily by the increase in disease severity, mortality, and the degree of central nervous system inflammation. The cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrates in the central nervous system is similar in control and ICAM-1-deficient mice. These results suggest that (1) ICAM-1 is involved in the activation of autoreactive TH-1, but not TH2 cells, and (2) ICAM-1 plays an important role in down-regulating autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system.
Flavor Compounds Formed during the Maillard Reaction (1993)

The Maillard reaction is one of the most important routes to flavor compounds in cooked foods. The initial stages of the reaction involve the condensation of the carbonyl group of a reducing sugar with an amino compound, followed by the degradation of the condensation products to give a number of different oxygenated compounds. The subsequent stages of the Maillard reaction involve the interaction of these compounds with other reactive components such as amines, amino acids, aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. These additional reactions lead to many important classes of flavor compounds including furans, pyrazines, pyrroles, oxazoles, thiophenes, thiazoles and other heterocyclic compounds. The large number of different reactive intermediates that can be generated in the Maillard reaction gives rise to an extremely complex array of volatile products. This review discusses some of the reaction pathways by which the important aroma compounds of different cooked foods may be formed.
Supposed pronounced ecophenotypy in foraminifera (1992)

Abstract. The use of the term ecophenotype in the literature on foraminifera is confused and misleading. The results of tank experiments, held to demonstrate that extensive morphological variation occurs, beyond what is normally regarded as specific, and is environmentally determined, can be otherwise explained. The suggestion that the Ammonia beccarii group should be reduced to three ‘forms’ and that even the type is an ecophenotype should therefore be treated with reserve.
Sparse Sparse Bundle Adjustment (2010)

Sparse Bundle Adjustment (SBA) is a method for simultaneously optimizing a set of camera poses and visible points. It exploits the sparse primary structure of the problem, where connections exist just between points and cameras. In this paper, we implement an efficient version of SBA for systems where the secondary structure (relations among cameras) is also sparse. The method, which we call Sparse SBA (sSBA), integrates an efficient method for setting up the linear subproblem with recent advances in direct sparse Cholesky solvers. sSBA outperforms the current SBA standard implementation on datasets with sparse secondary structure by at least an order of magnitude, while also being more efficient on dense datasets.