gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The interleukin‐1 family: 10 years of discovery 1 (1994)

Ten years ago the cloning of two interleukin-1 molecules (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) resolved the question of whether a single polypeptide could evoke a wide variety of biological effects. During the past decade, the biology of IL-1 has greatly expanded our understanding of how the host responds to external challenges, such as injury and infection, as well as its role in several diseases. We learned of the remarkable potency of IL-1 in the femtomolar range and of its ability to induce a response by triggering only one or two receptors per cell. Unexpectedly, the IL-1 family of genes, receptors and associated molecules have been linked to those of Drosophila, nematodes, and microorganisms and IL-1 signal transduction is similar to that observed after cellular stress. The cloning of IL-1 opened other avenues of fundamental biological interest. For example, in addition to the two agonist molecules IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, a third member of the IL-1 gene family is a specific, high affinity receptor antagonist (IL-1 receptor antagonist). That this third member of the IL-1 family inhibits the other two is characteristic of the tight control over production and activity exerted on IL-1. Although IL-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, a small amount appears to be needed to combat infection and initiate healing processes. This article highlights 10 years of discoveries on IL-1.
Dopamine levels after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease: Preliminary results (2007)

Improved motor performance in PD after repeated session of rTMS may be related to an elevation of serum dopamine concentration.
Aphid repellent sesquiterpenes in glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii and S. tuberosum (1987)

Abstract Exudate from glandular trichomes of the wild potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and the cultivated potato, S. tuberosum L., contained volatile substances including sesquiterpenes when examined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedures. Sesquiterpenes were the major volatile constituents of Type A trichome exudate but were a minor constituent of Type B exudate. Sesquiterpene mixtures of the two potato species differed qualitatively and quantitatively. β‐Caryophyllene and E‐β‐Farnesene were major components identified in Type A trichome exudate of the cultivated potato. Sesquiterpene mixtures of both potato species were repellent to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The role of trichome sesquiterpenes as a determinant of aphid behavior on the two potato species and in the expression of host resistance is discussed. Résumé Sesquiterpènes des trichômes glandulaires de Solanum berthaultii et S. tuberosum, répulsifs de pucerons L'examen en chromatographie gazeuse et en spectométrie de masse a révélà la présence de substances volatiles contenant des sesquiterpènes dans l'exsudat des trichômes glandulaires des pommes de terre sauvage ( Solanum berthaultii ) et cultivée ( S. tuberosum ). Les sesquiterpènes étaient le principal composé volatile de l'exsudat de type A, tandis qu'ils n'étaient que faiblement représentés dans l'exsudat de type B. Les mélanges de sesquiterpènes des deux espèces différaient qualitativement et quantitativement. Le β‐Caryophyllène et le E‐β‐Farnesène constituaient les principaux composés identifiés dans l'exsudat de trichôme de type A de S. tuberosum. Les mélanges sesquiterpéniques des deux espèces ont repousée Myzus persicae Sulzer. La discussion a porté sur l'influence des sesquiterpènes des trichômes dans la définition du comportement des pucerons sur ces deux plantes et sur la manifestation de la résistance de l'hôte.
Studies on the Production of Erythropoietin by Isolated Perfused Organs (1961)

Abstract (1) Isolated organs of rabbits (kidney, liver, spleen and lungs) were perfused with rabbit blood. Experimental conditions of hypoxia and full oxygenation were applied. (2) It could be shown that under these conditions only the kidney produces the erythropoietic factor.
Cloning and expression of human deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA. Structure-function studies with the recombinant enzyme and mutant proteins. (1995)

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the first step in the post-translational formation of hypusine (N epsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine). cDNA clones encoding deoxyhypusine synthase were isolated from a human HeLa cell library. Full-length cDNA clones encoding a 369-amino acid protein (calculated molecular mass of 40,970 Da) and a shorter cDNA clone that would potentially encode a protein with an internal deletion of 56 amino acids (Asp262-Ser317) were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human enzyme shows a high degree of identity to that of yeast deoxyhypusine synthase and to the known sequences of tryptic peptides from the rat and Neurospora crassa enzymes. The recombinant enzyme formed upon expression in Escherichia coli effectively catalyzed deoxyhypusine synthesis. Variant human recombinant proteins with (i) a truncation of 48 or 97 NH2-terminal amino acids, (ii) a truncation of 39 COOH-terminal amino acids, or (iii) an internal deletion (Asp262-Ser317) were inactive. A chimeric protein consisting of the complete human sequence and 16 amino acids of the yeast sequence (Gln197-Asn212, not present in the human enzyme) inserted between Glu193 and Gln194 exhibited moderate activity.
Discovery of 4-Aryl-2-benzoyl-imidazoles as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor with Potent Antiproliferative Properties (2013)

A series of 4-aryl-2-benzoyl-imidazoles were designed and synthesized based on our previously reported 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazole (ABI) derivatives. The new structures reversed the aryl group and the benzoyl group of previous ABI structures and were named as reverse ABI (RABI) analogues. RABIs were evaluated for biological activity against eight cancer cell lines including multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. In vitro assays indicated that several RABI compounds had excellent antiproliferative properties, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The average IC50 of the most active compound 12a is 14 nM. In addition, the mechanism of action of these new analogues was investigated by cell cycle analysis, tubulin polymerization assay, competitive mass spectrometry binding assay, and molecular docking studies. These studies confirmed that these new RABI analogues maintain their mechanisms of action by disrupting tubulin polymerization, similar to their parental ABI analogues.
Acoustic wave sensors : theory, design, and physico-chemical applications (1997)

Why Acoustic Sensors. Fundamentals of Acoustic Wave Acoustic Wave Sensors and Responses. Materials Characterization. Chemical and Biological Sensors. Practical Aspects of Acoustic-Wave Sensors. Subject Index. Reduced Index Notation. Mechanical Properties of Selected Materials. Piezoelectric Stress Constants. Properties of Several SAW Substrate Materials. Acoustoelectric Properties of Several SAW Substrate Materials. Moduli Associated with the Strain Modes Generated by a SAW in an Acoustically Thin Film. SAW-Film Coupling Parameter and Phase Angles for SAW Propagation in the X-Direction of ST-Cut Quartz. FPW Density Determinations for Low-Viscosity Liquids. Gravimetric Sensitivities of Acoustic Sensors. Qualitative Comparison of Acoustic Sensors. Typical Mass Sensitivities of Acoustic Wave Classification of Coating-Analyte Interactions and Approximate Energies. Adsorbent Materials and Typical Adsorbates. Adsorption Capacities of Organic Vapors on Activated Charcoal. Examples of Adsorption-Based Acoustic Wave Sensors. Sorption Capacity of Natural Rubber for Several Organic Solvents. Typical Examples of Polymer-Coated Acoustic Wave Sensors. Examples of Biochemical Acoustic Wave Sensors. Cluster Classification of Coatings for Use in a TSM Sensor Array. Center Frequency and Dimensions of Commercial TSM AT-Quartz Resonators. IDT Design Parameters for ST-Quartz-Based SAW Sensor Devices.
QGRS Mapper: a web-based server for predicting G-quadruplexes in nucleotide sequences (2006)

The quadruplex structures formed by guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences have received significant attention recently because of growing evidence for their role in important biological processes and as therapeutic targets. G-quadruplex DNA has been suggested to regulate DNA replication and may control cellular proliferation. Sequences capable of forming G-quadruplexes in the RNA have been shown to play significant roles in regulation of polyadenylation and splicing events in mammalian transcripts. Whether quadruplex structure directly plays a role in regulating RNA processing requires investigation. Computational approaches to study G-quadruplexes allow detailed analysis of mammalian genomes. There are no known easily accessible user-friendly tools that can compute G-quadruplexes in the nucleotide sequences. We have developed a web-based server, QGRS Mapper, that predicts quadruplex forming G-rich sequences (QGRS) in nucleotide sequences. It is a user-friendly application that provides many options for defining and studying G-quadruplexes. It performs analysis of the user provided genomic sequences, e.g. promoter and telomeric regions, as well as RNA sequences. It is also useful for predicting G-quadruplex structures in oligonucleotides. The program provides options to search and retrieve desired gene/nucleotide sequence entries from NCBI databases for mapping G-quadruplexes in the context of RNA processing sites. This feature is very useful for investigating the functional relevance of G-quadruplex structure, in particular its role in regulating the gene expression by alternative processing. In addition to providing data on composition and locations of QGRS relative to the processing sites in the pre-mRNA sequence, QGRS Mapper features interactive graphic representation of the data. The user can also use the graphics module to visualize QGRS distribution patterns among all the alternative RNA products of a gene simultaneously on a single screen. QGRS Mapper can be accessed at http://bioinformatics.ramapo.edu/QGRS/.
An N-terminal domain shared by Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) soluble variants prevents cell death in vitro (1996)

Fas/Apo-1 molecule, also designated as CD95, is a member of the TNF receptor family. Fas cross-linking by its natural ligand or by agonistic mAbs results in rapid induction of apoptosis in susceptible cells. in addition to the Fas full-length mRNA, human activated PBMC and tumor cell lines express several mRNA Fas variants that derive from alternative splicing of the primary transcript. All five variants identified, two of which are newly described here, code for soluble proteins that, with the exception of FasTMDel, are truncated in the extracytoplasmic region and possess short C-terminal amino acid sequences corresponding to a different reading frame. We have identified Abs that recognize all splicing variants and established a sandwich ELISA by which the soluble Fas molecules could be detected in culture supernatants of transfected cell lines and in PBMC following T cell activation. Next, we have studied in detail the functional role of these variants by apoptosis inhibition studies. We found that all soluble proteins block the apoptosis induced by either an agonistic Ab or, more importantly, by the natural Fas ligand in Fas-positive sensitive cell lines. interestingly, this functional property can be assigned to the first 49 amino acids of the mature protein that is the only region shared by the five soluble Fas molecules.
Procalcitonin correlates with C-reactive protein as an acute-phase reactant in pediatric patients. (2000)

The rise of procalcitonin blood levels in febrile pediatric patients suggests that it is part of the acute-phase reaction, parallel with the CRP reaction.
C-Met Autocrine Activation Induces Development Of Malignant Melanoma And Acquisition Of The Metastatic Phenotype (1998)

The molecular and genetic events that contribute to the genesis and progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma, a complex and aggressive disease with a high propensity for metastasis, are poorly understood due in large part to the dearth of relevant experimental animal models. Here we used transgenic mice ectopically expressing hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) to show that the Met signaling pathway is an important in vivo regulator of melanocyte function, whose subversion induces malignant melanoma. Tumorigenesis occurred in stages, beginning with the abnormal accumulation of melanocytes in the epidermis and dermis and culminating in the development of metastatic melanoma. Oncogenesis in this model was driven by creation of HGF/SF-Met autocrine loops through forced expression of the transgenic ligand and apparent selection of melanocytes overexpressing endogenous receptor, rather than paracrine stimulation or mutational activation of c-met. Preference for liver as a metastatic target correlated with high HGF/SF-Met autocrine activity, consistent with the notion that such activity may influence colonization. Although basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor were both weakly expressed in the majority of melanomas examined, high levels were found only in those rare neoplasms with low or undetectable HGF/SF and Met expression, suggesting that these two tyrosine kinase receptor autocrine loops serve a critical overlapping function in melanocytic tumorigenesis. Our data support a causal role for HGF/SF-Met signaling in the development of melanoma and acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. Moreover, this transgenic mouse should serve as a highly useful model, facilitating our understanding of mechanisms by which human melanoma progresses to malignancy and expediting the development of efficacious therapeutic modalities designed to constrain metastasis.
Hemagglutinin Stalk- and Neuraminidase-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Lethal H10N8 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice (2015)

Avian H10N8 and H10N7 viruses have recently crossed the species barrier, causing morbidity and mortality in humans and other mammals. Although these reports are likely isolated incidents, it is possible that more cases may emerge in future winter seasons, similar to H7N9. Furthermore, regular transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans increases the risk of adaptive mutations and reassortment events, which may result in a novel virus with pandemic potential. Currently, no specific therapeutics or vaccines are available against the H10N8 influenza virus subtype. We generated a panel of H10- and N8-reactive MAbs. Although these antibodies may practically be developed into therapeutic agents, characterizing the protective potential of MAbs that have targets other than the HA globular head domain will provide insight into novel antibody-mediated mechanisms of protection and help to better understand correlates of protection for influenza A virus infection.
The mechanics of microneedles (2003)

We have developed arrays of microscopic needles capable of providing pathways for drug delivery across skin without the pain associated with conventional injections. We measured the force to insert microneedles into human subjects and compared it to the force to cause microneedles to break. Insertion force measured with a force, deflection and electrical resistance meter showed that microneedle insertion force was directly proportional to interfacial area of the needle tip over a broad range of needle geometries. Force of insertion for a representative needle with 42 micron tip radius and 10 micron wall thickness was 1.3 N, which permits easy insertion of needles by hand. Breaking of microneedles under load was measured as a function of needle geometry and found to agree with predictions by ANSYS finite element simulation and thin-shell analytic theory. For example, the applied force at failure for a needle with the same geometry as above was 3.4 N, providing a 2.6-fold margin of safety between insertion and failure. In comparison, the simulation and analytical predictions were 3.5 N and 2.2 N, respectively. Both predictions and experimental results reveal that microneedles over a range of geometries are capable of withstanding the force of insertion.
Semiconducting and Dielectric Properties ofC-Axia Oriented SbSI Thin Film (1973)

A c-axis oriented SbSI thin film has been fabricated by an electron beam evaporation method with a subsequent heat treatment. A tendency toward self-aligned growth in crystal orientation has been found during both evaporation and annealing processes due to the fact that SbSI is a chain-like crystal. The crystal orientation and perfection are identified from the measurements of X-ray diffraction and dielectric properties. The electrical and dielectric properties of the films have been investigated as a function of the temperature. The spectral responses of photoconductivity for a number of samples with different orientations have also been measured. The experimental results are discussed by comparing them with those from the SbSI single crystal. Band structure parameters of both the single crystal and thin film SbSI near the fundamental edge are examined and assigned.
Sequence specific recognition and cleavage of double helical DNA (1988)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the stuff of our genes. There are four bases (A, T, G, C) possible for each nucleotide position on each strand of the DNA double helix. Human DNA consists of 3 x 10^9 base pairs. Within these molecules contains the information; what makes humans grow, what makes humans different, and what makes humans human. Within the constraints of the A,T and G,C complementary nature of double helical DNA, for a binding site size of n base pairs there are (4^n)/2 distinguishable sequences for odd n, and (4^n)/2 + (4^(n/2))/2 for even n. Ten years ago we embarked on a program to understand the chemical principles that would make possible the sequence specific recognition of DNA uniquely at the chromosome level (one site in 10^8 base pairs). This requires specific recognition at the ≥ 15 base pair level. &#13;\n&#13;\nIn order to analyze the large numbers of potential binding sites on DNA for synthetic sequence specific DNA binding molecules, we realized that the construction of molecules with two separate structural and functional domains: sequence specific recognition and non-specific cleavage of DNA would allow the powerful methods for separating DNA fragments such as gel electrophoresis to be brought to bear on the DNA recognition analysis. Indeed, the design of synthetic sequence specific DNA binding molecules has advanced in recent years due to analytical techniques such as footprinting and affinity cleaving which allow rapid and precise analyses of hundreds of potential DNA binding sites to nucleotide resolution on sequencing gels (Dervan, 1986). Our group has focused on the construction of molecules that bind in the minor and major groove of DNA with incrementally increasing sequence specificity as a first step toward defining the chemical principles for creating specificity at the ≥ 15 base pair level (Dervan, 1986). The tools of chemical synthesis are used in combination with nucleic acid techniques. This may lead to new reagents for mapping chromosomes, diagnosis of disease states at the level of DNA, and novel chemotherapeutic strategies such as artificial repressors for inactivation of these genes. This lecture is a brief report on progress in design of sequence specific DNA binding molecules.
Time-division optical communications in multiprocessor arrays (1991)

An optical communication structure for multipro­ ceSsor arrays that exploits the high communication bahdwidth of optical waveguides is proposed. The struc­ turle takes advantage of two properties of optical signal trqnsmissions on waveguides. Namely. unidirectional pfppagation and predictable propagation delays per unit length. Two novel time-division mUltiplexing approaches are proposed for non SIM D environments to obtain a communication bandwidth comparable to that of mes­ sage pipe lining in SIMD environments. Analysis and simulation results are given to evaluate the communica­ tion effectiveness of the system. A clock distribution method is also proposed to address potential synchroni­ zation problems. Finally. feasibility issues with current andfuture technologies are discussed.
A Review of Stee-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (2012)

The steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete can take full advantages of macro-scale crack resistance and toughening effect on the concrete matrix of steel and polypropylene fibers. The shortcomings of concrete are improved and there is a wide prospect application in engineering. This paper summarizes the enhancement theories of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete to explain its strengthening mechanism. The research status is reviewed including mix proportion design, working performance of fresh concrete, mechanical behaviors, durability (impermeability, shrinkage and others), and engineering applications etc. Some further researches are forecasted. It would be very useful to apply and popularize steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.
Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana (1996)

Pestalotiopsis microspora was isolated from the inner bark of a small limb of Himalayan yew, Taxus wallachiana, and was shown to produce taxol in mycelial culture. Taxol was identified by spectroscopic and chromatographic comparisons with authentic taxol. Optimal taxol production occurred after 2-3 weeks in still culture at 23 degrees C. [14C]Acetate and [14C]phenylalanine served as precursors for fungal [14C]taxol. These observations on P. microspora are discussed in relation to the biological importance of taxol production by fungi in general.
Comparison of the ion channel characteristics of proapoptotic BAX and antiapoptotic BCL-2 (1997)

The BCL-2 family of proteins is composed of both pro- and antiapoptotic regulators, although its most critical biochemical functions remain uncertain. The structural similarity between the BCL-XL monomer and several ion-pore-forming bacterial toxins has prompted electrophysiologic studies. Both BAX and BCL-2 insert into KCl-loaded vesicles in a pH-dependent fashion and demonstrate macroscopic ion efflux. Release is maximum at approximately pH 4.0 for both proteins; however, BAX demonstrates a broader pH range of activity. Both purified proteins also insert into planar lipid bilayers at pH 4.0. Single-channel recordings revealed a minimal channel conductance for BAX of 22 pS that evolved to channel currents with at least three subconductance levels. The final, apparently stable BAX channel had a conductance of 0.731 nS at pH 4. 0 that changed to 0.329 nS when shifted to pH 7.0 but remained mildly Cl- selective and predominantly open. When BAX-incorporated lipid vesicles were fused to planar lipid bilayers at pH 7.0, a Cl--selective (PK/PCl = 0.3) 1.5-nS channel displaying mild inward rectification was noted. In contrast, BCL-2 formed mildly K+-selective (PK/PCl = 3.9) channels with a most prominent initial conductance of 80 pS that increased to 1.90 nS. Fusion of BCL-2-incorporated lipid vesicles into planar bilayers at pH 7.0 also revealed mild K+ selectivity (PK/PCl = 2.4) with a maximum conductance of 1.08 nS. BAX and BCL-2 each form channels in artificial membranes that have distinct characteristics including ion selectivity, conductance, voltage dependence, and rectification. Thus, one role of these molecules may include pore activity at selected membrane sites.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human coronary atherosclerotic plaque (1999)

The expression of iNOS may be induced in human coronary atherosclerotic plaque and is associated with different factors of instability.