gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Regulation of Fluid Shear Stress Response in Circulating Leukocytes (2000)

We have shown that leukocytes retract their pseudopods and detach from substrates after exposure to physiological fluid shear stresses ( approximately 1.5 dyn/cm(2)). In inflammation, however, pseudopod projection during spreading and firm adhesion on endothelium is observed even in microvessels with normal blood flow and fluid shear stresses. Thus, we examined mechanisms that may serve to regulate the shear stress response of circulating leukocytes. In the presence of inflammatory mediators (platelet-activating factor [PAF] f-met-leu-phe), a subgroup of cells ceases to respond to shear stress. cGMP analogs and nitric oxide (NO) donors enhance the shear stress response and reverse the inhibitory effect of inflammatory mediators on the shear stress response, whereas depletion of cGMP leads to cessation of the shear stress response even in unstimulated leukocytes. The ability of cGMP to enhance the shear stress response is not associated with CD18 expression, because cGMP has no effect on CD18 expression in response to shear stress. The shear stress response of leukocytes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (-/-) mice, in which NO level in blood is decreased, is attenuated compared with that in wild-type mice. In rat mesentery venules stimulated by PAF under normal blood flow, a cGMP analog diminishes pseudopod projection of leukocytes, whereas inhibition of NO leads to enhanced pseudopod projection and spreading. The evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators suppress the shear stress response of leukocytes leading to spreading even under normal physiological shear stress, whereas cGMP may serve to maintain shear stress response even in inflammation.
Microsystem for Isolation of Fetal DNA from Maternal Plasma by Preparative Size Separation (2009)

The microdevice we have described has the potential to open new perspectives in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by facilitating the isolation of fetal DNA from maternal plasma in an integrated, inexpensive, and easy-to-use microsystem.
A metal–polymer composite with unusual properties (2005)

Electrically conductive composites that contain conductive filler dispersed in an insulating polymer matrix are usually prepared by the vigorous mixing of the components. This affects the structure of the filler particles and thereby the properties of the composite. It is shown that by careful mixing nano-scale features on the surface of the filler particles can be retained. The fillers used possess sharp surface protrusions similar to the tips used in scanning tunnelling microscopy. The electric field strength at these tips is very large and results in field assisted (Fowler–Nordheim) tunnelling. In addition the polymer matrix intimately coats the filler particles and the particles do not come into direct physical contact. This prevents the formation of chains of filler particles in close contact as the filler content increases. In consequence the composite has an extremely high resistance even at filler loadings above the expected percolation threshold. The retention of filler particle morphology and the presence of an insulating polymer layer between them endow the composite with a number of unusual properties. These are presented here together with appropriate physical models.
Trifunctional antibody ertumaxomab: Non-immunological effects on Her2 receptor activity and downstream signaling (2012)

The unique mode of action of ertumaxomab, which relies more on activation of immune-mediated mechanisms against tumor cells compared with currently available therapeutic antibodies for breast cancer treatment, suggests that modular or sequential treatment with the trifunctional bivalent antibody might complement the therapeutic activity of other anti-Her2/anti-ErbB receptor reagents.
Identification of B beta chain domains involved in human fibrinogen assembly. (1992)

Fibrinogen chains are assembled in a stepwise manner in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prior to secretion of the final six-chain dimeric molecule. Previous studies indicated that the synthesis of B beta may be a rate-limiting factor in the assembly of human fibrinogen. To determine the domains of B beta which interact with the other two component chains of fibrinogen, deletion mutants of B beta were transiently co-expressed, together with A alpha and gamma chains, in COS cells, and fibrinogen assembly and secretion were measured. Deletion of the COOH-terminal half of the B beta chain (amino acids 208-461) did not affect assembly and secretion. Assembly of A alpha, gamma, and B beta also occurred when the first NH2-terminal 72 amino acids of B beta were deleted, but not when 93 amino acids were deleted. This indicates that the B beta domain between amino acids 73 and 93 is necessary for the assembly of the three fibrinogen chains. This domain marks the start of the alpha-helical "coiled-coil" region of fibrinogen.
Intronic polyadenylation signal sequences and alternate splicing generate human soluble Fltl variants and regulate the abundance of soluble Flt1 in the placenta (2007)

The gene FLT1 produces at least two transcripts from a common transcription start site: full-length Flt1 contains 30 exons encoding a membrane-bound VEGF receptor; soluble Flt1 (sFlt1) shares the first 13 exons but utilizes poly(A) signal sequences within intron 13 to create a transcript that lacks downstream exons. To address the mechanisms that regulate human sFlt1, we mapped the 3' end of sFlt1 mRNA and defined the full extent of its 3' untranslated region (UTR). We identified a 3.2 Kb sFlt1 transcript that is cleaved within an alternatively spliced exon downstream of exon 14 and is predicted to encode a C-terminal variant of sFlt1 with an unusual polyserine tail. sFlt1 mRNA cleavage sites within intron 13 were identified in human placenta and in vascular endothelium by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). A proximal and two distal mRNA cleavage sites were identified by RPA downstream of consensus polyadenylation signals that create variant transcripts with a 3' UTR ranging from 30 bases to approximately 4 Kb. Northern blot analysis and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) in placenta confirmed the existence of distal intronic sFlt1 cleavage sites that give rise to a sFlt1 transcript of approximately 7 Kb. The identity of the distal signal sequences were then confirmed by mutagenesis of putative signal elements in a polyadenylation reporter assay. We demonstrate the heterogeneity of human sFlt1 that arises from alternate splicing and from alternative polyadenylation directed by strong intronic poly(A) signal sequences leading to C-terminal variants and to an sFlt1 transcript with a large 3' UTR containing several AU rich elements and poly(U) regions that may regulate mRNA stability.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2‐P‐ANISYL‐3(4H)‐1‐BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONE WITH AMMONIA, PRIMARY AMINES, HYDRAZINE, PHENYLHYDRAZINE AND GRIGNARD REAGENTS (1975)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Benzoxazinons (I) mit den Aminen und Hydrazinen (II) verläuft unter Ringspaltung zu den Amiden (III).
Molecular anatomy of interendothelial junctions in human blood-brain barrier microvessels. (2004)

Immunogold cytochemical procedure was used to study the localization at the ultrastructural level of interendothelial junction-associated protein molecules in the human brain blood microvessels, representing the anatomic site of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded biopsy specimens of human cerebral cortex obtained during surgical procedures were exposed to specific antibodies, followed by colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibodies. All tight junction-specific integral membrane (transmembrane) proteins--occludin, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM-1), and claudin-5--as well as peripheral zonula occludens protein (ZO-1) were highly expressed. Immunoreactivity of the adherens junction-specific transmembrane protein VE-cadherin was of almost similar intensity. Immunolabeling of the adherens junction-associated peripheral proteins--alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and p120 catenin--although positive, was evidently less intense. The expression of gamma-catenin (plakoglobin) was considered questionable because solitary immunosignals (gold particles) appeared in only a few microvascular profiles. Double labeling of some sections made possible to observe strict colocalization of the junctional molecules, such as occludin and ZO-1 or JAM-1 and VE-cadherin, in the interendothelial junctions. We found that in human brain microvessels, the interendothelial junctional complexes contain molecular components specific for both tight and adherens junctions. It is assumed that the data obtained can help us find the immunodetectable junctional molecules that can serve as sensitive markers of normal or abnormal function of the BBB.
Differential Injury Responses in Oral Mucosal and Cutaneous Wounds (2003)

Oral mucosa heals faster than does skin, yet few studies have compared the repair at oral mucosal and cutaneous sites. To determine whether the privileged healing of oral injuries involves a differential inflammatory phase, we compared the inflammatory cell infiltrate and cytokine production in wounds of equivalent size in oral mucosa and skin. Significantly lower levels of macrophage, neutrophil, and T-cell infiltration were observed in oral vs. dermal wounds. RT-PCR analysis of inflammatory cytokine production demonstrated that oral wounds contained significantly less IL-6 and KC than did skin wounds. Similarly, the level of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-b1 was lower in mucosal than in skin wounds. No significant differences between skin and mucosal wounds were observed for the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the TGF-beta1 modulators, fibromodulin and LTBP-1. These findings demonstrate that diminished inflammation is a key feature of the privileged repair of oral mucosa.
Solvent‐Free Reaction Using Phosphonium Salts: Chlorination of Hydroxyheteroaromatics and Dehydration of Primary Amides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Genetic Element Carrying the Erythromycin Resistance Determinant erm (TR) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2007)

erm(A) subclass erm(TR), a common macrolide resistance determinant in Streptococcus pyogenes but quite rare in Streptococcus pneumoniae, was found in a clinical S. pneumoniae isolate (AP200) from Italy. In this isolate, erm(TR) was found included in a genetic element approximately 56 kb in size that did not appear to be conjugative but could be transferred by transformation. An erm(TR)-containing DNA fragment of approximately 10 kb was sequenced and 12 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. Upstream of erm(TR), a regulatory protein of the TetR family and the two components of an efflux pump of the ABC type were found. Downstream of erm(TR), there were ORFs homologous to a spectinomycin phosphotransferase, transposases, and a relaxase. Since the genomic sequence of S. pyogenes MGAS10750 carrying erm(TR) became available, comparison between the erm(TR)-containing genetic elements in AP200 and in MGAS10750 was performed. The region flanking erm(TR) in MGAS10750 showed identity with AP200 for 10 ORFs out of 12. PCR mapping using primers designed on the sequence of MGAS10750 confirmed that AP200 carries a genetic element similar to that of MGAS10750. In AP200 the genetic element was inserted inside an ORF homologous to spr0790 of S. pneumoniae R6, coding for a type I restriction modification system. Homologies between the insertion sites in AP200 and MGAS10750 consisted of eight conserved nucleotides, of which three were duplicated, likely representing target site duplication. The structure of the erm(TR)-carrying genetic element shows characteristics of a transposon/prophage remnant chimera. In AP200 this genetic element was designated Tn1806.
The Preparation of Some α-Dialkylamino-ι-methylaminoalkanes1 (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some α-Dialkylamino-ι-methylaminoalkanes1Robert Munch, Gertrude T. Thannhauser, and D. L. CottleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1297–1299Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab (Bexaar) (2011)

Tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab (Bexaar) therapeutic regimen targets monoclonal antibodies against the CD20 antigen expressed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This article reviews the mechanism of action and clinical indications for this regimen.
Solar Energy Conversion by Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Cells (2005)

The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells will be provided.
Q 방법론 및 이론 : Q 방법론의 심리학적 적용과 해석의 문제: 객관성과 주관성의 이중주(二重奏) (2002)

Quantum Mechanic has brought out a dramatic change on our understanding of an objective world. The introduction of Q-methodology has also brought out a new recognition on an objective evaluation on human behavior and its psychological phenomena. The three main characteristics of Q-methodology have shown what the subjectivity means in a research : the expression of an ipsative difference, self-referent response, & communicability. These features show a clear distinction from the traditional psychological research method which employed the external criterion to compare individual responses, so-called R-method. Q-methodology by Stephenson(1953) has provided us with a method to objectify the communicative behavior, and it was a method to emphasize a qualitative aspect of psychological experiences. Contrary to the classic view of Q-methodology, psychologist J. Block has utilized this method to control the evaluator`s subjective frame in an effort to get an objective measure of a child. He mistook the subjective response of evaluator in order to achieve the objective responses of subjects. In a psychological research paradigm that has been emphasized the objective measurement of human behavior, the subjectivity of evaluator was considered as a mere error-term. The expansion of Q-methodology in psychological researches will provide a new view to integrate the objective part of subjectivity and the subjective aspects of individual human responses.
Perillyl alcohol and methyl jasmonate sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin (2009)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Several treatment options exist, with different side effects. To alleviate the side effects, several research groups have studied chemotherapeutic effects of plant compounds on cancer cells. These could be used as an alternative treatment option either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of a combination of perillyl alcohol (POH), methyl jasmonate (MJ) with cisplatin to define the most effective schedule and to investigate the mechanism of action in breast cancer cells. POH and MJ treatment (20% decrease in cell viability concentration) enhanced the cytotoxicity for subsequent exposure to cisplatin in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Combination treatment of POH and MJ blocked cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the addition of cisplatin forced the cells to progress through the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Apoptotic mechanistic studies indicated that POH and MJ treatment activated tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and this was further increased by the addition of cisplatin. It was also found that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased with POH and MJ treatment; this effect was further enhanced by cisplatin treatment. These findings contributed to a better understanding of molecular mechanism of apoptosis in combination treatment of POH, MJ, and cisplatin. Results also showed that the combination treatment of three drugs is more effective than single drug alone or two drugs together.
Bioluminescence of coelenterates: chemiluminescent model compounds (1973)

F. McCapra and M. J. Manning, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 467 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000467
Skin segmentation using color pixel classification: analysis and comparison (2004)

This paper presents a study of three important issues of the color pixel classification approach to skin segmentation: color representation, color quantization, and classification algorithm. Our analysis of several representative color spaces using the Bayesian classifier with the histogram technique shows that skin segmentation based on color pixel classification is largely unaffected by the choice of the color space. However, segmentation performance degrades when only chrominance channels are used in classification. Furthermore, we find that color quantization can be as low as 64 bins per channel, although higher histogram sizes give better segmentation performance. The Bayesian classifier with the histogram technique and the multilayer perceptron classifier are found to perform better compared to other tested classifiers, including three piecewise linear classifiers, three unimodal Gaussian classifiers, and a Gaussian mixture classifier.
Relation of LDL Size to the Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Coronary Heart Disease in American Indians (1997)

Small, dense LDL has been shown to be associated with the insulin resistance syndrome and coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the distribution of LDL size and phenotype within a population-based sample of American Indians to determine the relationships with prevalent CHD and to examine associations with hyperinsulinemia and other components of the insulin resistance syndrome. Data were available for 4505 men and women between 45 and 74 years of age who are members of 13 American Indian communities in three geographic areas. Diabetes, CHD, and CHD risk factors were assessed by standardized techniques, and LDL size was measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. LDL size was smaller in men than in women and in individuals with diabetes than in those without diabetes. In multivariate analysis, LDL size was significantly related to several components of the insulin resistance syndrome, including triglycerides (inversely) and HDL cholesterol (positively). Although univariate relations were positive, LDL size was not significantly related to fasting insulin concentrations or body mass index in the multivariate model. LDL size also showed no relationship to apolipoprotein E phenotype. When LDL size was compared in individuals with and without CHD, no significant differences were observed, either in nondiabetic or diabetic individuals. We conclude that LDL size is most strongly related to lipoprotein components of the insulin resistance syndrome, especially plasma triglycerides. However, in this population with low LDL, it is not related to cardiovascular disease.
Hochdosistherapie bei primär metastasiertem und rezidiviertem Ewing-Sarkom (1999)

The total group of primary metastatic ET pts showed no obvious benefit from HDT, based on melphalan and/or etoposide. Pts with metastases to multiple organ systems, and early relapse seemed to benefit from HDT. The value of HDT should be assessed in prospective clinical trials.
Telomere directed fragmentation of mammalian chromosomes (1993)

Cloned human telomeric DNA can integrate into mammalian chromosomes and seed the formation of new telomeres. This process occurs efficiently in three established human cell lines and in a mouse embryonic stem cell line. The newly seeded telomeres appear to be healed by telomerase. The seeding of new telomeres by cloned telomeric DNA is either undetectable or very inefficient in non-tumourigenic mouse or human somatic cell lines. The cytogenetic consequences of the seeding of new telomeres include large chromosome truncations but most of the telomere seeding events occur close to the pre-existing ends of natural chromosomes.
Conserved domains in DNA repair proteins and evolution of repair systems (1999)

A detailed analysis of protein domains involved in DNA repair was performed by comparing the sequences of the repair proteins from two well-studied model organisms, the bacterium Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to the entire sets of protein sequences encoded in completely sequenced genomes of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Previously uncharacterized conserved domains involved in repair were identified, namely four families of nucleases and a family of eukaryotic repair proteins related to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, a number of previously undetected occurrences of known conserved domains were detected; for example, a modified helix-hairpin-helix nucleic acid-binding domain in archaeal and eukaryotic RecA homologs. There is a limited repertoire of conserved domains, primarily ATPases and nucleases, nucleic acid-binding domains and adaptor (protein-protein interaction) domains that comprise the repair machinery in all cells, but very few of the repair proteins are represented by orthologs with conserved domain architecture across the three superkingdoms of life. Both the external environment of an organism and the internal environment of the cell, such as the chromatin superstructure in eukaryotes, seem to have a profound effect on the layout of the repair systems. Another factor that apparently has made a major contribution to the composition of the repair machinery is horizontal gene transfer, particularly the invasion of eukaryotic genomes by organellar genes, but also a number of likely transfer events between bacteria and archaea. Several additional general trends in the evolution of repair proteins were noticed; in particular, multiple, independent fusions of helicase and nuclease domains, and independent inactivation of enzymatic domains that apparently retain adaptor or regulatory functions.