gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soybean Growth and Development in Various Management Systems and Planting Dates (2004)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has the ability to produce similar yields across a broad range of management systems and planting dates. Our objective was to better understand growth factors affecting yield component compensation in the upper Midwest under different management systems. An older cultivar, Hardin, and two newer cultivars, DeKalb CX232 and Spansoy 250, were grown in five management systems during four growing seasons from 1997 to 2000. Four of the five management systems were located near Arlington, WI, on a silt loam soil consisting of conventional and no‐tillage systems with and without irrigation. The fifth management system was located near Hancock, WI, on a conventionally tilled, irrigated sandy loam soil. Yield component compensations gave similar grain yield among cultivars, planting dates, and management systems. At R6, CX232 and Spansoy 250 averaged greater dry matter (DM) accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), and crop growth rate (CGR) than Hardin. Early planted soybean had more total DM than the late‐planted soybean. No‐tillage systems produced more total DM, LAI, and CGR after R3 than the two conventional tillage systems at Arlington. Irrigated systems had higher LAI than the nonirrigated systems. These results indicate that the compensatory growth and alterations in plant development among cultivars, management systems, and planting dates had no impact on soybean yield.
Eigenstructure-based blind identification of independent signals (1991)

An identifiability result for the blind identification of memoryless channels with independent sources is presented. The necessary and sufficient conditions which were obtained by investigating the eigenstructure inherited in the observation cumulants are given. An eigenstructure-based algorithm is proposed to achieve the identification of the parameter matrix whenever such identification is possible. It is shown that the source signals can be extracted up to scale factors and a permutation if and only if all the source signals, but one, are non-Gaussian.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Epidemiology of Upper Respiratory Infections at a Tertiary Care Center: Prevalence, Seasonality, and Clinical Symptoms (2014)

Improved multiplex PCR detection methods are facilitating the correlation of the etiology of respiratory tract infections with specific symptoms or clinical manifestations. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the incidence of respiratory pathogens and initial symptoms in 1,286 patients at a tertiary care center tested by multiplex respiratory pathogen PCR from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013. Rhinovirus/enterovirus (Rhino/Entero) infections were the most prevalent (25.4%) followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (13.6%) and influenza A (6.2%). Eleven percent of patients were positive for multiple analytes with Rhino/Entero and RSV being the most common combination. Asthma or asthma exacerbation was the most common presenting symptom in patients positive for Rhino/Entero (38.4%) or positive for Rhino/Entero along with RSV or hMPV (34.8%). Of the patients positive for Rhino/Entero and presenting with asthma, 97% were ≤17 years of age. RSV positive patients most commonly presented with respiratory distress (40.3%) followed by asthma (18%) or pneumonia (18%). The most prevalent initial clinical manifestation for influenza was fever (27.4%) followed by respiratory distress (13%) or pneumonia (11.9%). The significant percentage of patients positive for Rhino/Entero virus presenting with asthma supports the role of rhinovirus as an important trigger for asthma exacerbation.
Recent Developments in Cancer Vaccines (2011)

The adoptive transfer of cancer Ag-specific effector T cells in patients can result in tumor rejection, thereby illustrating the immune system potential for cancer therapy. Ideally, one would like to directly induce efficient tumor-specific effector and memory T cells through vaccination. Therapeutic vaccines have two objectives: priming Ag-specific T cells and reprogramming memory T cells (i.e., a transformation from one type of immunity to another, for example, regulatory to cytotoxic). Recent successful phase III clinical trials showing benefit to the patients revived cancer vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in generation of immune responses, and as such represent targets and vectors for vaccination. We have learned that different DC subsets elicit different T cells. Similarly, different activation methods result in DCs able to elicit distinct T cells. We contend that a careful manipulation of activated DCs will allow cancer immunotherapists to produce the next generation of highly efficient cancer vaccines.
Dehydration of isobutanol to isobutene in a slurry reactor (1994)

The April 1990 Alternative Fuels Proposal to the Department of Energy involved the development of new technology, based on the liquid phase process, for conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas to oxygenated hydrocarbon fuels, fuel additives, and fuel intermediates. The objective of this work was to develop a slurry reactor based process for the dehydration of isobutanol to isobutene. The isobutene can serve as a feedstock for the high octane oxygenated fuel additive methyl tertiary-butyl either (MTBE). Alumina catalysts were investigated because of their wide use as a dehydration catalyst. Four commercially available alumina catalysts (Catapal B, Versal B, Versal GH, and Al-3996R) were evaluated for both activity and selectivity to the branched olefin. All four catalysts demonstrated conversions greater than 80% at 290 C, while conversions of near 100% could be obtained at 330 C. The reaction favors low pressures and moderate to low space velocities. A yield of 0.90 mole isobutene per mole reacted isobutanol or better was obtained at conversions of 60--70% and higher. From 75 to 98% conversion, the four catalysts all provide isobutene yields ranging from 0.92 to 0.94 with the maximum occurring around 90% conversion. At low conversions, the concentration of diisobutyl ether becomes significant while the concentration of linear butenes is essentially a linear function of isobutanol conversion. Doping the catalyst with up to 0.8 wt % potassium showed a modest increase in isobutene selectivity; however, this increase was more than offset by a reduction in activity. Investigations using a mixed alcohols feed (consistent with isobutanol synthesis from syngas) demonstrated a small increase in the C4 iso-olefin selectivity over that observed for a pure isobutanol feed. 55 refs.
Peptide Vaccination with an Anchor-Replaced CTL Epitope Protects Against Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Induced Tumors Expressing the Wild-Type Epitope (1998)

Anchor residues in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope-bearing peptides are buried deep in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen-presenting groove and are essential for binding to MHC class I molecules. We investigated whether anchor residue replacement affects the ability of a CTL epitope to be bound and transported by MHC class I molecules and transporter associated with antigen (TAP), respectively, and affects its functionality in vivo. Therefore, both anchor residues, at positions 5 and 9, of the H-2Db-restricted CTL epitope HPV16 E7 49-57 RAHYNIVTF were systematically exchanged for one of the 19 other naturally occurring amino acid (AA). Only replacement at anchor position 9 with residues V, I, L, or M, which are documented Db motif-anchor residues at that position, allowed binding to the MHC class I H-2Db molecule as well as transport by TAP with the same efficiency as the wild-type epitope. In B6 mice (H-2b), these anchor-modified peptide epitopes efficiently induced CTL that specifically recognized the wild-type epitope. Conversely, wild-type epitope-induced CTL recognized the V9-, I9-, L9-, and M9-replaced epitopes, respectively. In terms of tumor protection against a challenge with HPV16-transformed cells, the V9-replaced epitope was as efficient as the wild-type epitope E7 49-57. Taken together, our data demonstrate that specific CTL epitope anchor replacements are allowed with respect to MHC class I binding and TAP transport, as well as with respect to antigenicity and immunogenicity in vivo. The results presented are relevant to CTL epitope-based peptide vaccine development.
Telomeric RNAs Mark Sex Chromosomes in Stem Cells (2009)

Telomeric regions are known to be transcribed in several organisms. Although originally reported to be transcribed from all chromosomes with enrichment near the inactive X of female cells, we show that telomeric RNAs in fact are enriched on both sex chromosomes of the mouse in a developmentally specific manner. In female stem cells, both active Xs are marked by the RNAs. In male stem cells, both the X and the Y accumulate telomeric RNA. Distribution of telomeric RNAs changes during cell differentiation, after which they associate only with the heterochromatic sex chromosomes of each sex. FISH mapping suggests that accumulated telomeric RNAs localize at the distal telomeric end. Interestingly, telomeric expression changes in cancer and during cellular stress. Furthermore, RNA accumulation increases in Dicer-deficient stem cells, suggesting direct or indirect links to RNAi. We propose that telomeric RNAs are tied to cell differentiation and may be used to mark pluripotency and disease.
Knockdown of Sox4 expression by RNAi induces apoptosis in ACC3 cells (2006)

Microarray RNA gene expression profiling analysis has shown that Sox4 (Sry-related high mobility group (HMG) box 4) is one of the most upregulated genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), relative to non-neoplastic tissue of origin. Here, we show that Sox4 protein is similarly upregulated in ACC by immunohistochemistry of 28 primary cancers and 20 normal tissues. To elucidate the functional significance of these findings, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated RNA silencing was used to downregulate Sox4 expression in the ACC-derived cell line, ACC3. With confirmed knockdown of Sox4 protein, cell viability was reduced by 51%, with a corresponding increase of apoptosis to 85% as compared to 12% in controls. Apoptosis was confirmed by cell morphology, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry. Cells could be rescued from the proapoptotic effects of Sox4 RNAi by co-transfection with a construct expressing functional Sox4. Microarray gene expression profiling of RNAi knockdown experiments shows that downregulation of Sox4-modulated expression of critical genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle control. Overall, our findings suggest that Sox4 contributes to the malignant phenotype of ACC cells by promoting cell survival.
Clinical Outcome From Oxaliplatin Treatment in Stage II/III Colon Cancer According to Intrinsic Subtypes (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00004931.
Modulating effects by Trichinella spiralis sensu stricto excretory/secretory antigens of human neutrophil functions. (1989)

Many parasites are able to modify the host response through different mechanisms, for example host leukocyte function modification. Since granulocytes represent the most important effector cells against Trichinella spiralis, we evaluated the effects of supernatants of T. spiralis sensu stricto muscle larvae cultured for at least 18 hours (T. Sup.) on some human neutrophil functions, i.e. chemotaxis, phagocytosis and Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction. The cells from blood donors were tested in the presence of T. Sup. at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20%). The results show no effect of T. Sup. on neutrophil phagocytosis. On the contrary, random migration of cells is increased at concentrations of 10-20%, while stimulated migration is significantly decreased at concentrations of 5-10% but not at 20%. We found a significant decrease of Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction at 5-10% concentrations of T. Sup. It is concluded that T. spiralis culture supernatants contain some factors capable of modifying human neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative metabolism, but not phagocytosis.
Prospective Characterization of Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Quasispecies during Induction and Combination Antiviral Therapy (2000)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein has been controversially implicated in the inherent resistance of HCV to interferon (IFN) antiviral therapy in clinical studies. In this study, the relationship between NS5A mutations and selection pressures before and during antiviral therapy and virologic response to therapy were investigated. Full-length NS5A clones were sequenced from 20 HCV genotype 1-infected patients in a prospective, randomized clinical trial of IFN induction (daily) therapy and IFN plus ribavirin combination therapy. Pretreatment NS5A nucleotide and amino acid phylogenies did not correlate with clinical IFN responses and domains involved in NS5A functions in vitro were all well conserved before and during treatment. A consensus IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR(237-276)) sequence associated with IFN resistance was not found, although the presence of Ala(245) within the ISDR was associated with nonresponse to treatment in genotype 1a-infected patients (P<0.01). There were more mutations in the 26 amino acids downstream of the ISDR required for PKR binding in pretreatment isolates from responders versus nonresponders in both HCV-1a- and HCV-1b-infected patients (P<0.05). In HCV-1a patients, more amino acid changes were observed in isolates from IFN-sensitive patients (P<0.001), and the mutations appeared to be concentrated in two variable regions in the C terminus of NS5A, that corresponded to the previously described V3 region and a new variable region, 310 to 330. Selection of pretreatment minor V3 quasispecies was observed within the first 2 to 6 weeks of therapy in responders but not nonresponders, whereas the ISDR and PKR binding domains did not change in either patient response group. These data suggest that host-mediated selective pressures act primarily on the C terminus of NS5A and that NS5A can perturb or evade the IFN-induced antiviral response using sequences outside of the putative ISDR. Mechanistic studies are needed to address the role of the C terminus of NS5A in HCV replication and antiviral resistance.
Role of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin B in the Mouse Model of Group A Streptococcal Infection (1998)

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SPE B) is a cysteine protease produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study, the differences in virulence between protease-positive clinical isolates and their protease-negative mutants were examined in a mouse model. Isogenic protease-negative mutants were constructed by homologous recombination, using integrational plasmids to disrupt the speB gene. These mutants caused less mortality and tissue damage than protease-positive strains when inoculated into BALB/c mice via air pouch, suggesting that SPE B cysteine protease plays an important role in the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes infection. Reconstitution of SPE B in the air pouches increased the mortality of mice receiving the speB mutant strain. Infiltrated cell numbers in the exudates from the air pouches of mice infected with SPE B-producing S. pyogenes were higher than those from mice infected with protease-negative mutants at 12 h. However, despite pretreatment with vinblastine to deplete neutrophils, injection of protease-positive bacteria still resulted in severe tissue injury, indicating that neutrophil infiltration may not be the major factor involved in SPE B-enhanced tissue damage. The role of SPE B was further confirmed by demonstrating that SPE B immunization of mice conferred protection from challenge with a lethal dose of protease-positive bacteria.
Shiftable multiscale transforms (1992)

One of the major drawbacks of orthogonal wavelet transforms is their lack of translation invariance: the content of wavelet subbands is unstable under translations of the input signal. Wavelet transforms are also unstable with respect to dilations of the input signal and, in two dimensions, rotations of the input signal. The authors formalize these problems by defining a type of translation invariance called shiftability. In the spatial domain, shiftability corresponds to a lack of aliasing; thus, the conditions under which the property holds are specified by the sampling theorem. Shiftability may also be applied in the context of other domains, particularly orientation and scale. Jointly shiftable transforms that are simultaneously shiftable in more than one domain are explored. Two examples of jointly shiftable transforms are designed and implemented: a 1-D transform that is jointly shiftable in position and scale, and a 2-D transform that is jointly shiftable in position and orientation. The usefulness of these image representations for scale-space analysis, stereo disparity measurement, and image enhancement is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probiotic properties of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis HV219, isolated from human vaginal secretions (2007)

Strain HV219 will only be effective as probiotic if taken with specific antibiotics and not with anti-inflammatory drugs and spermicides.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2012)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical autoimmune disease, associated with autoantibody production and evidence for immune complex deposition among the many aspects of its pathophysiology. SLE occurs most commonly in women during their reproductive years. The disease is approximately nine times more common among women than men. Virtually any organ can be affected by SLE. However, constitutional symptoms, mucocutaneous features, mus-culoskeletal involvement, and renal and central nervous system disease are the most common manifestations. Many aspects of SLE appear to be triggered by classic inflammatory mechanisms, accompanied by elevated acute phase reactants, and responsive to immunosuppres-sive therapies. Other aspects, such as those associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), are associated with hypercoagulability. Although inflammation contributes to these aspects as well, the approach to the treatment of aPL-mediated disease manifestations is usually centered on anticoagulation. Autoantibodies can occur in the absence of clinical features of SLE, but strong evidence implicates certain autoantibodies in the mediation of tissue damage in the kidney and other organs. Genetics plays a significant role in SLE, but the disease is clearly polygenic, with multiple genetic risk factors contributing incrementally to the overall genetic risk. Environmental risk factors are also critical. Established environmental risk factors for the disease include hormones, ultraviolet light, the exposure to certain medications, and possibly dietary exposures and infectious agents.
Texture-based medical image classification of computed tomography images using MRCSF (2009)

Texture classification is a trendy and a catchy technology in the field of texture analysis. It finds its applications in various fields like medical image classification, computer vision, remote sensing, machine vision, agricultural field and many more. Our main focus is on medical images which is a kind of natural texture. The basic idea of the paper is to find out the abnormalities of a patient's abdomen and more particularly in organs such as kidney, liver and spleen. It is found out by analysis and classifying the CT scan images of a patient's abdomen. The CT scan images are collected from various sources such as internet, hospitals, etc. The classification is done by extracting the statistical and spectral characteristics of images and by fixing the threshold. The classification results show whether the part of the patient is normal or abnormal. It is a new technology for automation of medical image classification.
The stellar populations of local dwarfs (2005)

Abstract. Recent progress in our knowledge of stellar populations in local dwarf spheroidal galaxies is briefly discussed. A few results are summarized including wide field observations of stellar populations and their spatial variations, studies of AGB and variable stars, extension to near-infrared wavelengths, and the interpretation effort based on synthetic color-magnitude diagrams and chemical evolution models.
Subjective, Psychomotor, and Physiological Effects Profile of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen and Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Combination Products: Table 1 (2007)

The results of this study, albeit in pain-free individuals, may inform physicians who prescribe, and pharmacists who dispense, two widely prescribed opioid/acetaminophen combination products on how patients might be feeling from the drugs. Patients prescribed either of the two opioid/acetaminophen combination products may experience a number of subjective effects, including effects that would contraindicate certain activities, and they should be cautioned accordingly. However, this study documented rather large differences in magnitude of subjective effects between 10 mg oxycodone/650 mg acetaminophen and placebo, and physicians and pharmacists, and ultimately patients, should be aware of these differences.
Differential Protein Expression in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors and Liver Metastases (2015)

Few studies have compared protein expression in paired primary and metastatic SI-NETs. Our findings reveal changes in a limited number of proteins, suggesting that these may be targets for therapy.
Status Of The Work At Frascati On Large Aperture And High Repetition Rate Excimer Lasers (1989)

Increasing interest has been shown in scaling excimer lasers to high average power either with a high energy per pulse or with a high repetition rate since their applications are very promising and attractive in several fields, such as materials processing, photochemistry, and so on. In order to cover a broad range of applications, the work at the ENEA Frascati laboratories has mainly been devoted to developing two different discharge-excited laser sources, one operating at - 10 J/pulse and a repetition rate of - 100 Hz, and the other at 1 J/pulse and a repetition rate of - 1 kHz. As an intermediate step, two x-ray preionized XeCl laser discharge devices were studied: one device has a discharge volume of 10 liters (10x10x100 cm3) (Laser:L) with a longi-tudinal gas flow mode in the discharge region, while the other operates in a transverse gas flow mode with a discharge volume of 0.45 liters (3x3x50 cm3) (Laser:S)*. Some of the experimental results obtained with the two devices are described in this report.
MAVERICC, a Randomized, Biomarker-stratified, Phase II Study of mFOLFOX6-Bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI-Bevacizumab as First-line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2018)

First-line FOLFIRI-BV and mFOLFOX6-BV had comparable PFS and OS, similar to results in patients with high baseline tumor ERCC1 levels. There were no new safety signals with these bevacizumab-containing regimens.
Generating MHC class I ligands from viral gene products (1999)

MHC class I molecules function to present peptides comprised of eight to 11 residues to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here we review the efforts of our laboratory to understand how cells generate such peptides from viral gene products. We particularly focus on the nature of substrates acted on by cytosolic proteases, the contribution of proteasomes and non-proteasomal proteases to peptide generation, the involvement of ubiquitination in peptide generation, the intracellular localization of proteasome generation of antigenic peptides, and the trimming of peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum.