gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinal vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Differential growth characteristics in vitro. (1983)

Long-term cultures of retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCEC) and of pericytes were grown from collagenase-treated calf retinal vessels. By the use of mechanical separation and differential growth response in various media, pure cell lines were derived from cloned capillary cells as well as from multiple vessel fragments. RCEC and pericytes appeared different under phase contrast microscopy. In addition, RCEC produced factor VIII antigen and angiotensin-converting enzyme, and pericytes did not. RCEC preferred to grow in tumor-conditioned medium, whereas pericytes preferred a standard tissue culture medium supplemented with calf serum. Extracellular matrix, together with tubular structures, developed in postconfluent RCEC but not in pericytes. This study demonstrates that it is possible to grow long-term, pure cultures of RCEC and of pericytes that possess distinctive morphology, growth, and synthetic capabilities in vitro.
Activation of the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: a reconsideration of stimulation-parameters derived from animal studies. (2003)

In 1990 a series of studies started in which the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was examined on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these studies, TENS aimed primarily at stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) by a combination of low- and high-frequency stimulation (2 Hz and 160 Hz, respectively), a pulse width of 0.1 ms, and an intensity that provokes muscular twitches. TENS was applied 30 min a day, during a six-week period. In order to make reliable comparisons between studies, identical stimulation-parameters were used in all studies thus far. TENS appeared to have a positive effect on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm but the effects disappeared after cessation of stimulation. In order to optimise TENS treatment in AD, the present paper is meant to reconsider the once selected stimulation-parameters by reviewing the relevant literature published since 1991. The results derived from animal experimental studies show that for an optimal stimulation of the LC and DRN, the pulse width should be more than 0.1 ms. Limitations and suggestions for future research will be discussed.
Autoantibodies in Diabetes (2005)

Islet cell autoantibodies are strongly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. The appearance of autoantibodies to one or several of the autoantigens-GAD65, IA-2, or insulin-signals an autoimmune pathogenesis of beta-cell killing. A beta-cell attack may be best reflected by the emergence of autoantibodies dependent on the genotype risk factors, isotype, and subtype of the autoantibodies as well as their epitope specificity. It is speculated that progression to beta-cell loss and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is reflected in a developing pattern of epitope-specific autoantibodies. Although the appearance of autoantibodies does not follow a distinct pattern, the presence of multiple autoantibodies has the highest positive predictive value for type 1 diabetes. In the absence of reliable T-cell tests, dissection of autoantibody responses in subjects of genetic risk should prove useful in identifying triggers of islet autoimmunity by examining seroconversion and maturation of the autoantibody response that may mark time to onset of type 1 diabetes. The complexity of the disease process is exemplified by multiple clinical phenotypes, including autoimmune diabetes masquerading as type 2 diabetes in youth and adults. Autoantibodies may also provide prognostic information in clinically heterogeneous patient populations when examined longitudinally.
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogs with improved organoleptic properties (1985)

Congeneric series of stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (3) analogues have been prepared. It was found that the bitter-taste component endogenous in the natural compounds 1 and 3 may be eliminated by increase in molecular hydrophilic character. Through the series of compounds prepared, bitter-taste character was correlated with k', a chromatographic indicator of gross hydrophilicity. An analogue (11) of stevioside, shown chromatographically to be of increased hydrophilicity, was prepared and found to exhibit no bitter-taste character. Similarly an analogue (13) of rebaudioside A, having increased polarity, was prepared and found not to exhibit any bitter taste. The rebaudioside A analogue 13 was determined to have higher potency than 11 is suggested as a potential non-nutritive sweetener for food applications.
From genes to functional classes in the study of biological systems (2007)

Methods for gene set enrichment which, in addition, are independent from the original data and experimental design constitute a promising alternative for the functional profiling of genome-scale experiments. A web server that performs the test described and other similar ones can be found at: http://www.babelomics.org.
Optimization of the Weck-Cel Collection Method for Quantitation of Cytokines in Mucosal Secretions (2000)

Measurement of immune components in mucosal secretions is important for the evaluation of local immunity at the mucosal surfaces. The Weck-Cel ophthalmic sponge provides a method for the collection of these secretions. The sponge absorbs a relatively large volume of material, therefore allowing for quantitation of multiple immune components. Additionally, it provides a method in which the same device may be used to collect specimens from different mucosal sites, such as the genital tract and oral cavity. This sampling technique has successfully been applied for collection and measurement of antibody in oral and genital tract secretions. The purpose of this work was to optimize the extraction of protein from the sponge matrix. Of particular interest was the recovery of cytokines from the sponge. Satisfactory recovery of the cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was obtained. However, IL-4 and gamma interferon recovery rates remained low. Using an alteration of the published extraction method, cytokine concentrations were measured in cervical secretions from women using oral contraceptives. The data revealed detectable concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-12 on cycle days 9 and 20. The proposed technique provides an easy, practical, and consistent method for collection of nonconventional body fluids, such as cervicovaginal fluids and saliva, for the assay of immunoglobulins and several cytokines.
Transient Expression of the Beta-Glucuronidase Gene Driven by Different 5' Regulatory Sequences in Tall Fescue Protoplasts (1994)

To identify strongly active 5' regulatory sequences for high levels of transgene expression in tall fescue (Festuca arundinocea Schreb.), we have tested the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and four different promoter/intron constructs: the CaMV 35S promoter plus the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adhl) gene intron 1, the CaMV 35S promoter plus the maize adhl intron 6, the rice actin 1 promoter plus its first intron, and the maize adhl promoter plus its first intron. These 5' regulatory sequences were connected to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene for a convenient assay. After the plasmids containing these constructs were introduced into tall fescue protoplasts by electroporation, transient GUS expression was measured to determine their activities. Among the various constructs tested, the rice actin 1 promoter and its first intron showed the highest GUS expression, followed by the CaMV 35S promoter plus maize adhl intron 6. The maize adhl promoter and its first intron showed intermediate GUS expression whereas the CaMV 35S promoter alone or plus the maize adhl intron 1 exhibited very weak GUS expression in tall fescue.
Cryptic fragment α4 LG4‐5 derived from laminin α4 chain inhibits de novo adipogenesis by modulating the effect of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (2007)

Cleavage of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteolysis unmasks cryptic sites and generates novel fragments with biological activities functionally distinct from those of the intact ECM molecule. The laminin G‐like (LG)4‐5 fragment has been shown to be excised from the laminin α 4 chain in various tissues. However, the functional role of this fragment has remained unknown to date. To investigate this, we prepared α 4 LG1‐3 and α 4 LG4‐5 fragments by elastase digestion of recombinant α 4 LG1‐5, and examined their effects on de novo adipogenesis in mice at the site of injection of basement membrane extract (Matrigel) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2. Although the addition of whole α 4 LG1‐5 suppressed adipogenesis to some extent, the α 4 LG4‐5 fragment could strongly suppress adipogenesis at a concentration of less than 20 n m . Addition of the α 4 LG4 module, which contains a heparin‐binding region, had a suppressive effect, but this was lost in mutants with reduced heparin‐binding activity. In addition, antibodies against the extracellular domain of syndecan‐2 and ‐4, which are known receptors for the α 4 LG4 module, suppressed adipogenesis. Thus, these results suggest that the cryptic α 4 LG4‐5 fragment derived from the laminin α 4 chain inhibits de novo adipogenesis by modulating the effect of FGF‐2 through syndecans.
Efficacy of individual measles virus structural proteins in the protection of rats from measles encephalitis (1991)

Lewis rats were immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing the nucleocapsid (N), phospho (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), and haemagglutinin (H) proteins of measles virus (MV). Animals developed humoral as well as cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to the corresponding MV proteins. Rats immunized with recombinants VVN, VVF or VVH survived a MV challenge infection whereas VVP- and VVM-immunized rats were only partially protected. In vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes did not prevent the protective effect of the N, F or H protein-specific CMI response in rats. VVH and VVF immunization induced neutralizing antibodies, but no such antibodies were detected after VVN immunization. Further investigation of the temporal occurrence of the antiviral antibodies indicated that the observed protection provided by VVN and VVF immunization depends on CD4+ N- or F-specific T cells in the absence of neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cells. A role for neutralizing antibodies induced by VVH cannot be ruled out.
Rapid immunophenotypic characterization of chromosomally aberrant cells by the new FICTION method (1993)

Recently, we have presented a new technique for immunophenotyping cells that have numerical chromosome aberrations. We referred to this method as "Fluorescence-Immunophenotyping and Interphase Cytogenetics as a Tool for Investigation of Neoplasms" (FICTION). We present here an advanced FICTION method with three-color staining and improved sensitivity.
The primary structure of transcription factor TFIIIA has 12 consecutive repeats (1985)

Analysis of the amino acid sequence of transcription factor TFIIIA from Xenopus laevis reveals the presence of 12 repeating structures, each about 30 residues in length. These segments have been aligned and their secondary structure predicted. The repeats each contain two invariant cysteines and two invariant histidines, perhaps to coordinate a zinc cation. Possible nucleic acid interaction modes are discussed.
Grammar as a Foreign Language (2014)

Syntactic constituency parsing is a fundamental problem in natural language processing and has been the subject of intensive research and engineering for decades. As a result, the most accurate parsers are domain specific, complex, and inefficient. In this paper we show that the domain agnostic attention-enhanced sequence-to-sequence model achieves state-of-the-art results on the most widely used syntactic constituency parsing dataset, when trained on a large synthetic corpus that was annotated using existing parsers. It also matches the performance of standard parsers when trained only on a small human-annotated dataset, which shows that this model is highly data-efficient, in contrast to sequence-to-sequence models without the attention mechanism. Our parser is also fast, processing over a hundred sentences per second with an unoptimized CPU implementation.
Dynamic voltage and frequency management for a low-power embedded microprocessor (2004)

A dynamic voltage and frequency management scheme that autonomously controls the clock frequency (8 to 123 MHz at 0.5 MHz step) and adaptively controls the voltage (0.9 to 1.6 V at 5 mV step) with a leakage power compensation effect is developed for a low-power embedded microprocessor. It achieves 82% power reduction in personal information manager (PIM) application.
Drinking, Antidiuresis and Milk Ejection from Electrical Stimulation within the Hypothalamus of the Goat (1955)

Summary. 1. In a further study of polydipsia caused by electrical stimulation within the hypothalamus of the goat, drinking could be obtained at 33 points of stimulation in 9 animals. The localization of these points is given. 2. In the anterior part of the “drinking area”, drinking evoked by stimulation was combined with antidiuresis and milk ejection (7 points of stimulation). 3. Stimulation in or adjacent to the paraventricular ur supraoptic nuclei or in the supraoptico‐hypophyseal tract was followed by inhibition of water diuresis and milk ejection. No drinking was seen during these stimulations. 4. Notable side effects seen during the stimulations were: temporary increase of diuresis (in the posterior part of the “drinking area”), licking, panting (in a small region in the anterior and dorsal hypothalamus) and a strange behavioral pattern, which normally may be related to a “sexual” smell in the goat.
I n s i t u study of the thermal decomposition of B2H6 by combining spectroscopic ellipsometry and Kelvin probe measurements (1989)

In amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n solar cells preparation, B2H6 is added to the SiH4 discharge in order to deposit the p layer. However, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of the (B2H6,SiH4) mixture, in the absence of plasma excitation, can contribute to poor p/i interface characteristics. The thermal decomposition of B2H6 at 250 °C is studied in situ by combining spectroscopic ellipsometry and Kelvin-probe measurements. The advantage of correlating both techniques is underlined. Both diagnostics provide complementary information. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is highly sensitive upon film deposition and surface morphology modifications. On the other hand, Kelvin-probe measurements may be directly related to Fermi-level shifts. The thermal decompositon of (B2H6,H2) and (B2H6,SiH4) mixtures is evidenced, even at low total pressure (30 mTorr). The boron incorporation is found to be little affected by the diluent gas. In contrast, the CVD consequences strongly increase as a function of the gas pressure. The surface sensitivity of the CVD process is illustrated whatever the total pressure. At low pressure, the variation of the Kelvin-probe measurements may be described by a model taking into account adsorption of species acting as electron acceptors. At high pressure, when a (B2H6,SiH4) mixture is used, the CVD leads to the growth of a highly doped amorphous silicon layer with a very low deposition rate (2–3 Å min−1), whatever the substrate. The implications of the CVD process for interface formation in a-Si:H devices have been explored. In particular, the use of a multichamber deposition system can result in an improvement of the p/i interface behavior.
A force to be reckoned with (1999)

Changes in the philosophy of supporting people with learning disabilities have had a profound impact on the way that services are designed and delivered. So far, learning disability nurses have kept pace with change but what will they need to sustain their progress? Debra Moore believes a different type of leadership is required
Single-cell detection of ets-1 transcripts in human neuroectodermal cells. (1991)

The genes of the ets family are thought to code for a novel class of transcriptional factors. These proteins have a specific DNA-binding domain different from the basic domain of both the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper families of DNA-binding proteins. The ets-1 gene product has been shown to bind to the enhancer region of the human T-cell receptor alpha gene during thymocyte ontogeny. This finding explains the high expression of ets-1 observed in T cells and the correlation between ets-1 expression and the expression of the T-cell receptor gene during fetal development. The ets-1 gene is also possibly biologically active in neural cells. By using RNA in situ hybridization analysis, we demonstrate the presence of ets-1 transcripts in cells of peripheral embryonal neuroectodermal tumors, specifically neuroepithelioma and neuroblastoma. In addition, the gene is found transcribed in Ewing's sarcoma, postulated to be ontogenetically related to tumors derived from the neural crest.
Wideband statistics of signal levels and Doppler spread on an over-the-sea transhorizon link (1997)

The observations from a wideband experimental system designed to analyse an 11.647 GHz transhorizon channel subject to troposcatter and anomalous propagation conditions are presented. The statistics of the wideband signal levels and Doppler spread are given. The results reveal that as a result of anomalous propagation, this type of path can be successfully employed for communication purposes. Conversely, such a path can be a source of interference to adjacent channels for long periods of time. The Doppler spread analysis indicates fast channel variability during troposcatter conditions with values greater than 9 Hz.
Interleukin-15 Induces Rapid Tyrosine Phosphorylation of STAT6 and the Expression of Interleukin-4 in Mouse Mast Cells (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-4 plays an important role in the differentiation of naive T helper (Th) cells into Th2. Mast cells can produce a significant amount of IL-4 and have been proposed to play a major role in the induction of Th2 responses. Recently, it has been reported that mast cells have a distinct IL-15 receptor system different from that of T or natural killer cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that IL-15 induced IL-4 production from a mouse mast cell line, MC/9, and bone marrow-derived mast cells. IL-4 mRNA expression was increased by IL-15, suggesting that IL-15 promotes IL-4 expression at the transcriptional level. In these mast cells, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 were rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to IL-15. In MC/9 cells, the expression of a C-terminally truncated dominant negative form of STAT6 significantly suppressed the IL-4 mRNA up-regulation by IL-15, suggesting that STAT6 activation is essential for the IL-15-mediated IL-4 production. Additionally, tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2 was rapidly increased by IL-15 treatment in this cell line. Altogether, our results suggest that IL-15 plays an important role in stimulating early IL-4 production in mast cells that may be responsible for the initiation of Th2 response.
A Lead-Dependent DNAzyme with a Two-Step Mechanism (2003)

A detailed biochemical and mechanistic study of in vitro selected variants of 8-17 DNAzymes is presented. Even though the 8-17 DNAzyme motif has been obtained through in vitro selection under three different conditions involving 10 mM Mg(2+) (called 8-17), 0.5 mM Mg(2+)/50 mM histidine (called Mg5), or 100 microM Zn(2+) (called 17E), all variants are shown to be the most active with Pb(2+) (8-17: k(obs) approximately 0.5 min(-1); Mg5: k(obs) approximately 2 min(-1); 17E: k(obs) approximately 1 min(-1) with 200 microM Pb(2+) at pH 5.0). For the 17E variant of the 8-17 DNAzyme, the single-turnover rate constants followed the order of Pb(2+) >> Zn(2+) >> Mn(2+) approximately Co(2+) > Ni(2+) > Mg(2+) approximately Ca(2+) > Sr(2+) approximately Ba(2+). The catalytic rate is half-maximal at 13.5 microM Pb(2+), 0.97 mM Zn(2+), or 10.5 mM Mg(2+), suggesting that the metal-binding affinity of the DNAzymes is in the order of Pb(2+) > Zn(2+) > Mg(2+). The Pb(2+)-dependent activity increases linearly with pH and the slope of the plot of log k(obs) versus pH is approximately 1, suggesting a single deprotonation in the rate-limiting step of the reaction. Sequence variations of the DNAzyme confirm the importance of the G*T wobble pair, the two loops and the intervening stem in maintaining the active conformation of the system. While Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) catalyze only a transesterification reaction with formation of a product containing a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate, Pb(2+) catalyzes a transesterification reaction followed by hydrolysis of the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. Although this two-step mechanism has shown to be operative in protein ribonucleases and in the leadzyme RNAzyme, it is now demonstrated for the first time that this DNAzyme may also use the same mechanism. Therefore, the two-step mechanism is observed in metalloenzymes of all classes, and this 8-17 DNAzyme provides a simple, stable, and cost-effective model system for understanding the structure of Pb(2+)-binding sites and their roles in the two-step mechanism.
Robust scanner identification based on noise features (2007)

A large portion of digital image data available today is acquired using digital cameras or scanners. While cameras
allow digital reproduction of natural scenes, scanners are often used to capture hardcopy art in more controlled
scenarios. This paper proposes a new technique for non-intrusive scanner model identification, which can be
further extended to perform tampering detection on scanned images. Using only scanned image samples that
contain arbitrary content, we construct a robust scanner identifier to determine the brand/model of the scanner
used to capture each scanned image. The proposed scanner identifier is based on statistical features of scanning
noise. We first analyze scanning noise from several angles, including through image de-noising, wavelet analysis,
and neighborhood prediction, and then obtain statistical features from each characterization. Experimental
results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively identify the correct scanner brands/models with
high accuracy.
Cystoid macular edema after femtosecond laser–assisted versus phacoemulsification cataract surgery (2015)

There are no financial or conflicts of interest for any author.
Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal FluidA Comparative Study (2002)

Information on the comparative digestibility of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins is crucial when stability to digestion is to be used as a criterion to assess the allergenic potential of novel proteins. In this work, we compared the digestive stability of a number of food allergens and proteins of unproven allergenicity and examined whether allergens possess a higher stability than nonallergenic proteins of similar cellular functions, and whether there is a correlation between protein digestibility and allergenicity. The stability of groups of storage proteins, plant lectins, contractile proteins, and enzymes, both allergens and proteins with unproven allergenicity, in a standard simulated gastric fluid and a standard simulated intestinal fluid was measured. Food allergens were not necessarily more resistant to digestion than nonallergenic proteins. There was not a clear relationship between digestibility measured in vitro and protein allergenicity.