gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Polydispersity Star Polymers with Core Functionality by Cross-Linking Macromonomers Using Functional ATRP Initiators (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTLow-Polydispersity Star Polymers with Core Functionality by Cross-Linking Macromonomers Using Functional ATRP InitiatorsHaifeng Gao and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 3, 399–401Publication Date (Web):January 12, 2007Publication History Received16 November 2006Revised19 December 2006Published online12 January 2007Published inissue 1 February 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma062640dCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1903Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (132 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Molecules,Radical polymerization,Star polymers Get e-Alerts
Breathing exercises with vagal biofeedback may benefit patients with functional dyspepsia (2007)

Breathing exercises with vagal biofeedback increased drinking capacity and improved quality of life in FD patients, but did not improve baseline vagal tone.
Doubly resonant single-layer bandpass optical filters (2004)

A bandpass filter based on guided-mode resonance effects in a single-layer periodic waveguide is presented. Strong refractive-index modulation is used to support the excitation of a resonance pair in which leaky waveguide mode TE0 is excited by the second diffraction order and TE2 by the first diffraction order. It is shown that one resonance provides a broad low-transmission band, whereas the other supplies the transmission peak through its asymmetrical line shape. A bandpass filter with central wavelength at 1.55 microm is presented to demonstrate this concept.
Particle assembly incorporating a VP22–BH3 fusion protein, facilitating intracellular delivery, regulated release, and apoptosis (2003)

Previously we showed that addition of purified VP22, a structural protein of herpes simplex virus, to short oligonucleotides (ODN) induced the spontaneous assembly of novel particles incorporating both protein and ODN. These particles were not toxic, entered cells, and resided stably in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly the particles could be activated by light in a regulated synchronous manner to release ODN and protein to the cell cytosol and nuclei. Here we construct a fusion protein containing a short peptide from the proapoptotic BH3 domain family member Bak. The BH3-VP22 protein was recruited into particles that entered cells and remained stable in the cytoplasm without toxicity. Light activation rapidly disrupted the particles, a process captured in living cells by time-lapse microscopy, and this synchronized regulated release resulted in subsequent cell death by apoptosis. In control experiments, particles containing a mutant BH3 peptide, although indistinguishable in cell uptake and regulated release, showed no apoptotic effect. Regulated release of VP22-based particles may find application in mechanistic analysis of apoptotic pathways, in cell-based screening assays both of peptides and of oligonucleotides, or as therapeutic agents incorporating specific additional components.
Clinical and psychometric correlates of dopamine D2 binding in depression (1997)

Increased IBZM binding in striatum probably reflects reduced dopamine function, whether due to reduced release of dopamine, or secondary up-regulation of receptors. The observed abnormalities may be trait or state related, an issue that needs to be addressed with longitudinal study designs. The possible role of medication as a confounding variable requires further exploration.
Measurement of external pressures generated by nerve cuff electrodes (2000)

When external pressures are applied to a peripheral nerve, tissue damage can occur via compression and blood flow occlusion, resulting in degeneration and demyelination of axons. Although many types of nerve electrodes have been designed to avoid or minimize this pressure during stimulation of the nerve or recording of its activity, the measurement of the pressure exerted by these cuffs has not been reported. Currently, only theoretical models are used to predict nerve cuff electrode pressures. We have developed a nerve cuff electrode pressure sensor to measure external pressures exerted by peripheral nerve cuff electrodes. The sensor has a high sensitivity, linear response with little hysteresis and reproducible output. Pressure measurements have been obtained for split-ring and spiral cuff electrodes. The measurements obtained are in agreement with theoretical predictions. Moreover, they indicate that the pressures exerted by cuffs currently used for stimulation generate only a small amount of pressure, which is below the pressure required to occlude blood flow in nerves. The results also suggest that this new sensor can provide reliable measurement of external pressures exerted by nerve electrodes and would be an important tool for comparing various nerve cuff electrode designs.
p38 MAPK, Microglial Signaling, and Neuropathic Pain (2007)

Accumulating evidence over last several years indicates an important role of microglial cells in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Signal transduction in microglia under chronic pain states has begun to be revealed. We will review the evidence that p38 MAPK is activated in spinal microglia after nerve injury and contributes importantly to neuropathic pain development and maintenance. We will discuss the upstream mechanisms causing p38 activation in spinal microglia after nerve injury. We will also discuss the downstream mechanisms by which p38 produces inflammatory mediators. Taken together, current data suggest that p38 plays a critical role in microglial signaling under neuropathic pain conditions and represents a valuable therapeutic target for neuropathic pain management.
Shape Memory Materials for Biomedical Applications (2002)

Shape memory properties provide a very attractive insight into materials science, opening unexplored horizons and giving access to unconventional functions in every material class (metals, polymers, and ceramics). In this regard, the biomedical field, forever in search of materials that display unconventional properties able to satisfy the severe specifications required by their implantation, is now showing great interest in shape memory materials, whose mechanical properties make them extremely attractive for many biomedical applications. However, their biocompatibility, particularly for long-term and permanent applications, has not yet been fully established and is therefore the object of controversy. On the other hand, shape memory polymers (SMPs) show promise, although thus far, their biomedical applications have been limited to the exploration. This paper will first review the most common biomedical applications of shape memory alloys and SMPs and address their critical biocompatibility concerns. Finally, some engineering implications of their use as biomaterials will be examined.
Erbium-doped waveguide DBR and DFB laser arrays integrated within an ultra-low-loss Si_3N_4 platform (2014)

Record low optical threshold power and high slope efficiency are reported for arrays of distributed Bragg reflector lasers integrated within an ultra-low-loss Si(3)N(4) planar waveguide platform. Additionally, arrays of distributed feedback laser designs are presented that show improvements in pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of over two orders of magnitude beyond that found in previously published devices. Lithographically defined sidewall gratings provide the required lasing feedback for both cavity configurations. Lasing emission is shown over a wide wavelength range (1534 to 1570 nm), with output powers up to 2.1 mW and side mode suppression ratios in excess of 50 dB.
1513A/C polymorphism in the P2X7 receptor gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: absence of correlation with clinical outcome (2004)

Purinergic P2X7 receptors are ligand-gated cation channels expressed on the cells of the immune and hemopoietic system which have been shown to mediate the ATP-induced apoptotic death of monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. A common single nucleotide polymorphism within the P2X7 gene has been described in exon 13 (1513A/C), the gene products encoding fully active and non-functional proteins. We genotyped the P2X7 1513A/C polymorphism using DNA from 111 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 97 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by Hha1 restriction analysis. We found no significant difference in allele frequency between CLL patients and controls. Time periods from diagnosis to initiation of chemotherapy, a surrogate marker for disease progression, were not different in patients displaying the combined 1513A/C and C/C or the 1513A/A genotype (P = 0.97). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of prognostically more favorable CD38-negative and ZAP-70-negative CLL patients. In conclusion, our data do not support a role of the P2X7 genotype as a prognostic marker in B-cell CLL.
Nuclear binding of purified retinoblastoma gene product is determined by cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation. (1992)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product (pRb) is a nuclear protein subject to cell cycle-regulated hyperphosphorylation. I constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus vector that expresses both the underphosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms of pRb and purified the recombinant protein by using immunoaffinity chromatography directed toward a synthetic carboxy-terminal epitope. To investigate the hypothesis that hyperphosphorylation of pRb is a means of controlling its growth-regulating activity, I tested purified pRb for the ability to be reincorporated into pRb-deficient nuclei in vitro. The underphosphorylated form of pRb efficiently reassociated with nuclei, but the hyperphosphorylated form remained soluble in this assay. Nuclear binding of pRb was enhanced by phosphatase treatment and reduced by phosphorylation of pRb effected by using a preparation of the cell cycle-regulatory kinase p34cdc2. Mutant-encoded proteins with altered E1A-binding domains failed to bind to nuclei. Pretreatment of target nuclei with nucleases and high-salt extraction did not alter the specificity of binding for underphosphorylated pRb. These observations demonstrate that hyperphosphorylation of pRb can regulate its interaction with nuclei, supporting the hypothesis that hyperphosphorylation controls the growth-regulatory activities of pRb. Further, at least one target of pRb binding appears to be an integral component of the nuclear envelope.
A guide to analysing tongue motion from ultrasound images (2005)

This paper is meant to be an introduction to and general reference for ultrasound imaging for new and moderately experienced users of the instrument. The paper consists of eight sections. The first explains how ultrasound works, including beam properties, scan types and machine features. The second section discusses image quality, including the interpretation of anatomical features and artefacts seen in the image. The third section discusses the validity of the data collection procedures, including the effects of stabilizing the transducer and head position, and discusses some methods for stabilization. Section four discusses validation of the ultrasound and stabilization systems. The fifth section presents a sample recording set-up, supplemental information, and normalization strategies for sessions and subjects. In section six are methods of extracting contours from ultrasound images, displaying them, and analysing them. The seventh section considers the tracking of pellets on the tongue surface and the differences between tracking tissue points and continuous surfaces. The last section presents methods, challenges and results of 3D, computerized reconstruction of tongue surfaces. An outline of the paper can be found in Appendix I.
Efficient Method for Computing the Maximum-Likelihood Quantum State from Measurements with Additive Gaussian Noise (2012)

We provide an efficient method for computing the maximum-likelihood mixed quantum state (with density matrix ρ) given a set of measurement outcomes in a complete orthonormal operator basis subject to Gaussian noise. Our method works by first changing basis yielding a candidate density matrix μ which may have nonphysical (negative) eigenvalues, and then finding the nearest physical state under the 2-norm. Our algorithm takes at worst O(d(4)) for the basis change plus O(d(3)) for finding ρ where d is the dimension of the quantum state. In the special case where the measurement basis is strings of Pauli operators, the basis change takes only O(d(3)) as well. The workhorse of the algorithm is a new linear-time method for finding the closest probability distribution (in Euclidean distance) to a set of real numbers summing to one.
Free-standing microwave excited plasma beam (2003)

A free-standing plasma beam can be generated in a large volume process chamber as a continuation of a surface wave excited plasma column bounded within a dielectric plasma chamber. This phenomenon occurs if the threshold values of the gas flow and microwave power are reached. The typical values are quartz plasma chamber diameter of 20–40 mm, microwave power of 1–1.5 kW at 2.45 GHz, argon flow of 500–6000 sccm and pressure of 50–500 Pa. The length of the free-standing beam can reach many tens of centimetres. The mechanism of free-standing beam creation and an explanation for its shape and properties is proposed, based on analysis of the charged particle balance in the beam. Crucial for this explanation is the gas flow in the free-standing beam zone. The results of a flow dynamic simulation are presented. The spatial distributions of neutral particle velocities are used as input for the model, which predicts the electron concentration profiles. Good agreement of the modelled and measured electron concentration distributions in radial and axial directions of the free-standing beam is obtained.
Long‐term substitution therapy of hypogonadal men with transscrotal testosterone over 7–10 years (1999)

Transscrotal testosterone patches are well-accepted and safe in long-term testosterone substitution therapy for male hypogonadism.
Induction of ovarian granulosa cell tumors in SWXJ-9 mice with dehydroepiandrosterone. (1988)

Spontaneous ovarian granulosa cell (GC) tumors develop in SWXJ-9 inbred mice at approximately the time of puberty. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid secreted by the adrenals and reported to have antitumor actions, was examined in this ovarian tumor model. In contrast with expectations, administration of diet supplemented with 0.4% DHEA or Silastic capsules containing 10 mg DHEA resulted in a significant multifold increase in GC tumor incidence. Similar studies with metabolites of DHEA, i.e., testosterone (TESTO), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2), revealed that TESTO was as effective as DHEA in increasing GC tumor incidence. DHT was without effect, and E2 suppressed GC tumor incidence. Serum steroid levels and steroid target tissue responses were assessed to determine if a correlation between a change in level or response to specific steroids and GC tumorigenesis existed. In both tumor-free and GC tumor host mice, dietary or capsular treatment with DHEA, TESTO, or DHT resulted in substantial alteration in one or more of serum steroids, DHEA, androstenedione, TESTO, and DHT, in addition to the administered steroid. No consistent correlation was observed between changes in a single steroid or pattern of steroids and GC tumorigenesis. Although significant increases in serum estrogens could be detected in GC tumor hosts treated with DHEA but not TESTO, estrogens did not induce these tumors. Treatment with E2 increased only serum E2 levels. In tumor-free mice, DHEA and E2 treatments were associated with vaginal cytological evidence of estrogen action, whereas the androgens induced a leukocytic pattern. Eighty-eight % of GC tumor host mice, regardless of steroid treatment, showed a vaginal cytology pattern that included cornified cells. The evidence presented in this report leads us to hypothesize that (a) spontaneous and steroid-induced GC tumorigenesis in these mice have the same mechanism, and (b) subtle increases in DHEA or a closely related metabolite during the peripubertal period may initiate GC tumors in these genetically susceptible mice. The mechanism whereby these steroids initiate GC tumorigenesis remains to be determined.
Performance characterization of video-shot-change detection methods (2000)

A number of automated shot-change detection methods for indexing a video sequence to facilitate browsing and retrieval have been proposed. Many of these methods use color histograms or features computed from block motion or compression parameters to compute frame differences. It is important to evaluate and characterize their performance so as to deliver a single set of algorithms that may be used by other researchers for indexing video databases. We present the results of a performance evaluation and characterization of a number of shot-change detection methods that use color histograms, block motion matching, or MPEG compressed data.
Efficient Production of Doubled Haploid Plants through Chromosome Doubling of Isolated Microspores in Brassica napus (1994)

Abstract Three methods of chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploid plants from microspore cultures of Brassica napus were compared: colchicine treatment of microspore‐derived plants, microspore‐derived embryos, and isolated microspores. In the whole plant treatment, 53% of the treated plants set seed, but the treatment delayed plant growth and reduced seed set. When microspore‐derived embryos were treated with colchicine, the doubling frequency was 32% (compared to 15% for spontaneous doubling). Direct colchicine treatment of isolated microspores resulted in a doubling efficiency of 70 % of the whole plants. This treatment also stimulated embryogenesis in microspore culture, leading to increased plant regeneration. Thus, direct chromosome doubling of isolated microspores is efficient and more than 10 000 doubled haploid plants have been produced in this manner in the past three years in order to accelerate the plant‐breeding process.
Image-based modeling and photo editing (2001)

We present an image-based modeling and editing system that takes a single photo as input. We represent a scene as a layered collection of depth images, where each pixel encodes both color and depth. Starting from an input image, we employ a suite of user-assisted techniques, based on a painting metaphor, to assign depths and extract layers. We introduce two specific editing operations. The first, a “clone brushing tool,” permits the distortion-free copying of parts of a picture, by using a parameterization optimization technique. The second, a “texture-illuminance decoupling filter,” discounts the effect of illumination on uniformly textured areas, by decoupling large- and small-scale features via bilateral filtering. Our system enables editing from different viewpoints, extracting and grouping of image-based objects, and modifying the shape, color, and illumination of these objects.
Abstract 17368: The Diagnosis of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genotype versus Phenotype (2014)

Background: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is the most common dominantly-inherited disorder in man, affecting between 1:250 and 1:300 persons worldwide and estimates of more than 3 million with HeFH in the USA and Europe alone. Diagnosis is usually made by clinical criteria and confirmed with genetic testing. Despite next-generation gene sequencing, a causative mutation cannot be identified in up to 20% of patients even with a clinical diagnosis of definite HeFH. Given the prevalence, clinical diagnostic criteria are important tools for detection and early treatment of HeFH patients, particularly for clinicians outside of referral centers. Methods: The RUTHERFORD-1 and -2 studies enrolled patients with a clinical and/or genetic diagnosis of HeFH. All consenting patients in this analysis underwent FH genotyping. We compare the accuracy of clinical and genetic diagnosis of HeFH. Results: Of the 416 patients enrolled who consented to genetic testing, 342 (82%) were found to have genetically-confirmed HeFH. Of these patients, 288 (84%) met the Simon Broome criteria for definite and 54 (16%) for probable HeFH; 250 (75%) met the MEDPED clinical criteria for 100%, and 301 (90%) the 80% likelihood for a diagnosis of HeFH (Table). Conclusion: Although the optimal method to diagnose HeFH remains unclear, from these two trials there was close agreement between the two clinical classifications and genetic criteria. There were only a relatively small number of patients in whom genetic testing could not confirm the clinical diagnosis. Clinical criteria offer an inexpensive, low-technology ability for widespread screening in patients suspected of having HeFH. The advantage of genetic testing is that it allows for cascade testing of family members for the identified mutation who may not fulfill clinical criteria for the diagnosis of HeFH and application of family-oriented preventive strategies.
Intron-independent Association of Splicing Factors with Active Genes (1999)

The cell nucleus is organized as discrete domains, often associated with specific events involved in chromosome organization, replication, and gene expression. We have examined the spatial and functional relationship between the sites of heat shock gene transcription and the speckles enriched in splicing factors in primary human fibroblasts by combining immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The hsp90alpha and hsp70 genes are inducibly regulated by exposure to stress from a low basal level to a high rate of transcription; additionally the hsp90alpha gene contains 10 introns whereas the hsp70 gene is intronless. At 37 degrees C, only 30% of hsp90alpha transcription sites are associated with speckles whereas little association is detected with the hsp70 gene, whose constitutive expression is undetectable relative to the hsp90alpha gene. Upon exposure of cells to heat shock, the heavy metal cadmium, or the amino acid analogue azetidine, transcription at the hsp90alpha and hsp70 gene loci is strongly induced, and both hsp transcription sites become associated with speckles in >90% of the cells. These results reveal a clear disconnection between the presence of intervening sequences at specific gene loci and the association with splicing factor-rich regions and suggest that subnuclear structures containing splicing factors are associated with sites of transcription.