gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by glial cells exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells. (2000)

Although glial cells in the optic nerve head undergo a reactivation process in glaucoma, the role of glial cells during glaucomatous neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells is unknown. Using a coculture system in which retinal ganglion cells and glial cells are grown on different layers but share the same culture medium, we studied the influences of glial cells on survival of retinal ganglion cells after exposure to different stress conditions typified by simulated ischemia and elevated hydrostatic pressure. After the exposure to these stressors, we observed that glial cells secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as other noxious agents such as nitric oxide into the coculture media and facilitated the apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells as assessed by morphology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and caspase activity. The glial origin of these noxious effects was confirmed by passive transfer experiments. Furthermore, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was attenuated approximately 66% by a neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha and 50% by a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1400W). Because elevated intraocular pressure and ischemia are two prominent stress factors identified in the eyes of patients with glaucoma, these findings reveal a novel glia-initiated pathogenic mechanism for retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. In addition, these findings suggest that the inhibition of TNF-alpha that is released by reactivated glial cells may provide a novel therapeutic target for neuroprotection in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Suppressive effect of lipid A partial structures on lipopolysaccharide or lipid A-induced release of interleukin 1 by human monocytes (1990)

Experiments were designed to investigate the significance of lipid A partial structures, precursor Ia (compound 406), and lipid X (compound 401) to serve as antagonists of interleukin 1 (IL-1) release from human mononuclear cells and monocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Salmonella abortus equi or synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A (compound 506). A definite inhibition mediated by lipid A partial structures on IL-1 release induced by LPS or lipid A was found in repeated experiments. The inhibitory effect was exerted not only on IL-1 release, but also on IL-1 peptide synthesis at the intracellular level. The results also show that lipid A partial structures have suppressive effects even when added 1-4 h after LPS or lipid A. We conclude from these results that lipid A partial structures (precursor Ia and lipid X) have potent immunomodulatory effects on LPS- and lipid A-induced IL-1 release and may become useful reagents to study the mechanism of interaction of LPS and lipid A with cells of the immune system.
Cellular labeling with Gd(III) chelates: only high thermodynamic stabilities prevent the cells acting as ‘sponges’ of Gd3+ ions (2006)

MR-labeling of cells may be carried out by adding a Gd-based contrast agent to the incubation media. The amount of gadolinium internalized in HTC and C6 cells upon incubation with Gd-DTPA-BMA is circa one order of magnitude higher than those found with Gd-DTPA, Gd-DOTA and Gd-HPDO3A, respectively. The comparison of relaxometric and mass spectrometry determinations allows us to establish that only a minor fraction of intact Gd-DTPA-BMA is internalized into the cells. Moreover the binding/uptake behavior shown by Gd-DTPA-BMA resembles that found when GdCl(3) is added to the incubation medium. We suggest that the lower stability of Gd-DTPA-BMA is responsible for a shift in the dissociation equilibrium that results in the net transfer of Gd(3+) ions on the cell membrane followed by a slower internalization process. The transmetallation process is mediated by components of the incubation media, among which a dominant role is represented by phosphate anions. The uptake of Gd(3+) ions is clearly reflected in the drastic decrease of cell viability observed for cells labeled with Gd-DTPA-BMA.
<title>Design And Physical Characteristics Of A Digital Chest Unit</title> (1981)

A prototype digital chest unit capable of imaging patients in the conventional upright position is described. The unit employs a scanning slit configuration and discrete detector array. The general features of the detector and data acquisition system are discussed as well as the unit's physical performance parameters and geometry. The resolution along and transverse to the scanning direction is in agreement with theoretical predictions. Measurements of the digital chest unit's signal-to-noise ratio versus detector exposure, detector and data acquisition dynamic range, scatter transmission and exposure linearity are also discussed.
Proteins Specified by Herpes Simplex Virus XII. The Virion Polypeptides of Type 1 Strains (1974)

The polypeptides from purified virions of a herpes simplex 1 (human herpes-virus 1) strain, F1, which had been passaged a limited number of times in cell culture after isolation, formed 33 bands on electrophoretic separation in polyacrylamide gels cross-linked with N, N'-diallyltartardiamide in contrast to a maximum resolution of only 24 to 25 bands in gels cross-linked with N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide. This increase in the number of bands was due chiefly to an improved separation of glycosylated polypeptides from nonglycosylated polypeptides with which they co-electrophoresed on methylenebisacrylamide cross-linked gels. Purified virions of HSV-1 [F1] had a protein/DNA mass ratio of 10.7 +/- 0.96, and based on a DNA molecular mass of 85 x 10(6) to 100 x 10(6) the estimated weight of virion polypeptides ranges from 16.4 to 19.4 x 10(-16) g. The number of molecules of each polypeptide per virion ranged from less than 50 to 1,500. Comparison of the virion polypeptides of two HSV-1 strains with similar isolation and limited passage history with those of four HSV-1 strains with histories of numerous passages outside the human host showed a number of nonrandom variations in virion polypeptides. Thus, although the virion polypeptides of two strains with similar isolation and limited passage history could not be differentiated, strains with extended passage histories differed markedly from each other and from the limited passage strains in the number and electrophoretic mobility of noncapsid polypeptides and notably in those of the envelope.
Room temperature operation of InGaAs∕InGaAsP∕InP quantum dot lasers (2004)

The growth conditions for InGaAs∕InGaAsP∕InP quantum dots (QDs) have been optimized and QDs of high luminescence efficiency and the room temperature operation of QD lasers emitting at ∼1.5μm have been demonstrated. Lattice-matched InGaAsP (λg=1.0–1.1μm) was used as a barrier layer for the InGaAs QDs and the emission wavelength was controlled by the QD composition. High-density InGaAs QDs with an areal density as high as 1.13×1011cm−2 have been grown. The integrated and peak intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature are as high as 25% and 10% of those at 10K, respectively. The room temperature PL peak intensity is about 50% that of a high-quality InGaAs∕InP quantum well. Room temperature, pulsed operation at ∼1.5μm has been achieved from broad area lasers with a 1mm cavity length. Threshold current density per QD stack of ∼430A∕cm2 is measured for the five-, seven-, and ten-stack QD lasers.
13C NMR spectra of benzothiazepinone, benzothiazinone and benzosulphonamide N‐substituted derivatives (1983)

Abstract A comparative study of the 13 C NMR spectra of benzothiazinone and benzothiazepinone dioxide derivatives and of some structurally related benzosulphonamides is presented. The size of the heterocyclic ring is reflected in the 13 C chemical shifts and in the one‐bond carbon‐proton aromatic coupling constants. An upfield γ‐effect of sulphur on the 13 C chemical shifts in N ‐substituted carboxyethylbenzene‐4,5‐dimethoxysulphonamides is reported.
Effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters and nerve growth factor on neurite outgrowth in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. (1982)

The effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on neurite outgrowth was studied in cultured human neuroblastoma cell lines and in cultured embryonic chick and neonatal rat sympathetic ganglia. Promoters inhibited nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated neurite outgrowth in sympathetic ganglia while nonpromoting structural congeners did not, in keeping with previous results in embryonic sensory ganglia. In contradistinction, promoters reversibly enhanced neurite outgrowth in malignant SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, whereas nonpromoting congeners were inactive. The potent promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) reversibly increased the proportion of SH-SY5Y cells with neurites and the average length of neurites; the effects of the combination of TPA and NGF were greater than that of either compound alone. The half-maximum response to TPA was at about 2 ng/ml (3 nM). The neurites were thinner, straighter, and less branched and showed more swellings resembling beads or varicosities in comparison with NGF-induced neurites. TPA transiently inhibited the cellular growth rate between Days 2 and 4. Thereafter, the rate was the same as in untreated cultures. The transient inhibition was due to causes other than degradation of TPA since fresh TPA was added. The effect of TPA on neurite outgrowth was not transient and was independent of effects on growth. TPA also enhanced neurite outgrowth in another NGF responsive line, LA-N-5, but not in two unresponsive lines, CHP-100 and CHP-134.
Design of a Wireless EEG System for Point-of-Care Applications (2013)

This study aims to develop a wireless EEG system to provide critical point-of-care information about brain electrical activity. A novel dry electrode, which can be installed rapidly, is used to acquire EEG from the scalp. A wireless data link between the electrode and a data port (i.e., a smartphone) is established based on the Bluetooth technology. A prototype of this system has been implemented and its performance in acquiring EEG has been evaluated.
Topical Clindamycin in Post‐Adenotonsillectomy Analgesia in Children: A Double‐Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial (2009)

The use of topical clindamycin was beneficial in reducing pain on the first postoperative day, without effect on subsequent days. Future investigations could examine the use of topical clindamycin not only in the first 12 hours but also during five days of follow-up.
Microring-resonator-based add-drop filters in SiN: fabrication and analysis (2004)

Third-order add-drop filters based on series-coupled microring resonators were fabricated in silicon-rich silicon nitride with accurate dimensional control and negligible sidewall roughness. For the first time, a low 3 dB drop loss is demonstrated with a wide 24 nm free-spectral-range in a high-order microring filter without using the Vernier effect. The spectral response is matched by rigorous numerical simulation, and non-idealities in the drop- and through-port responses are shown to be of design origin and to be correctable.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts (1999)

The antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. However, few investigations have compared large numbers of oils and extracts using methods that are directly comparable. In the present study, 52 plant oils and extracts were investigated for activity against Acinetobacter baumanii, Aeromonas veronii biogroup sobria, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia col, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, using an agar dilution method. Lemongrass, oregano and bay inhibited all organisms at concentrations of < or = 2.0% (v/v). Six oils did not inhibit any organisms at the highest concentration, which was 2.0% (v/v) oil for apricot kernel, evening primrose, macadamia, pumpkin, sage and sweet almond. Variable activity was recorded for the remaining oils. Twenty of the plant oils and extracts were investigated, using a broth microdilution method, for activity against C. albicans, Staph. aureus and E. coli. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.03% (v/v) thyme oil against C. albicans and E. coli and 0.008% (v/v) vetiver oil against Staph. aureus. These results support the notion that plant essential oils and extracts may have a role as pharmaceuticals and preservatives.
Role of the fibroblast growth factor receptor axis in cholangiocarcinoma (2015)

Advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal disease with limited therapeutic options beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy. Molecular profiling of CCA has provided insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and identified potential therapeutic targets. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) axis is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in FGFR activity have been implicated in the development and progression of CCA and other malignancies, which has generated significant interest in exploring FGFR's therapeutic potential. FGFR2 fusion events are present in up to 17% of intrahepatic CCAs and appear to predict sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors even after progression on chemotherapy. These observations have led to a clinical trial evaluating FGFR inhibition in patients with CCA enriched for FGFR alterations. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of the FGFR pathway in cholangiocarcinogenesis and ongoing work in developing FGFR-directed therapies as an antineoplastic strategy for CCA.
DC Polarographic and UV Spectrometric Studies of Substituted Furo[3,2-b]- and Furo[2,3-b]pyrroles (2001)

The aim of the synthesis of substituted furo[3,2- b ]- and furo[2,3- b ]pyrroles was to discover biologically active compounds. On that account, their potential carcinogenicity was tested by DC polarographic assay in the presence of α-lipoic acid. Only one of the studied compounds showed a marginal carcinogenic activity, the other exhibited only a negligible carcinogenic potential under the conditions studied. Their apparent ionization constants, determined by spectrometric titration, were correlated with their structure. The results confirm that the presence of methyl, furyl and/or phenyl groups affects the ionization.
Persistent Infection of Three Salmonid Cell Lines with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) (1981)

Persistent infections were established with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in chinook salmon (CHSE-214), steelhead trout (STE-137) and in rainbow trout (RTG-2) cell lines. Viral persistence was characterized by the release of infectious virus, positive immunofluorescence, resistance to superinfection with homologous virus and susceptibility to challenges with heterologous viruses.The morphology and growth characteristics of persistently infected (PI) and uninfected cell lines was indistinguishable. PI CHSE-214 and STE-137 cell lines produce little or no interferon. Activity suggesting interferon was detected in culture fluids from PI RTG-2 cells.Temperature-sensitive virus was not detected in the culture fluids of PI CHSE-214 or STE-137 cell lines and the RTG-2 line has not been tested. Virus in the culture fluids of both PI STE-137 and RTG-2 cell lines demonstrated autointerference when inoculated onto uninfected control cells. The autointerfering component from PI STE-137 cells was removed from the culture fluid by ultracentrifugation and had a bouyant density of 1.29 g/cc in a cesium chloride gradient. Infectious virus also produced by PI STE-137 cells had a density of 1.33 g/cc. The production of defective interfering (DI) virus during viral persistence was further supported by electron microscopic examination of PI STE-137 cells. The production of DI virus by PI STE-137 cells as well as interferon in the PI RTG-2 cells were proposed as two mechanisms by which the cytocidal course of infection in these cell lines is prevented.
trans-2-Phenylcyclohexanol. A powerful and readily available chiral auxiliary (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTtrans-2-Phenylcyclohexanol. A powerful and readily available chiral auxiliaryJames K. Whitesell, Hwang Hsing Chen, and Robert M. LawrenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 23, 4663–4664Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00223a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00223a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views946Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonlinear Harmonic Monitoring of Gouged Dents in Pipeline Specimens Under Cyclic Loading (2006)

The only in-line inspection technology commercially available for quantitative evaluation of gouged dents is the geometry pig which cannot discriminate between gouged and smooth dents and has no sensitivity to re-rounded dents. Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®), has been funded by the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the Gas Research Institute (GRI) through the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), to determine the capability of the nonlinear harmonic (NLH) method to characterize the severity of gouged dents, including those that have been re-rounded by internal pressure. This paper describes the NLH method and presents a summary of results from previous work involving burst tests of gouged dents in 24” pipe as a precursor to the current work that involves experiments with four pressure chambers made from 12-inch line pipe under cyclic pressure changes. In each case, internal scanner hardware, driven from outside the pipe, deployed NLH probes against the pipe inner surface, the gouges being on the outer surface. Analysis of the mapped NLH signals on the inner pipe surface revealed residual strain patterns in the pipe and the strain anomalies produced by gouging. The strain anomalies clearly indicated the presence of the gouges on the outside surface, even when they had re-rounded. The signal maps also indicated the length and width of the gouges whereas the signal strength indicated the residual depth. Data are presented showing that the NLH method is capable of ranking the severity of pipeline gouged dents and their propensity for failure under cyclic loading.
Human Breast Carcinoma Cells Express Type II IL-4 Receptors and Are Sensitive to Antitumor Activity of a Chimeric IL-4-Pseudomonas Exotoxin Fusion Protein in vitro and in vivo (2000)

These results suggest that IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL may be a useful agent for targeting of IL-4 receptor positive human breast carcinomas and further studies should be performed to explore fully its potential.
50 Years of Preclinical Anticancer Drug Screening: Empirical to Target-Driven Approaches (2005)

The number of anticancer agents that fail in the clinic far outweighs those considered effective, suggesting that the selection procedure for progression of molecules into the clinic requires improvement. The value of any preclinical model will ultimately depend on its ability to accurately predict clinical response. This review focuses on the major contributions of preclinical screening models to anticancer drug development over the past 50 years. Over time, a general transition has been observed from the empirical drug screening of cytotoxic agents against uncharacterized tumor models to the target-orientated drug screening of agents with defined mechanisms of action. New approaches to anticancer drug development involve the molecular characterization of models along with an appreciation of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds [e.g., the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro 60-cell line panel, hollow fiber assay, and s.c. xenograft]. Contributions of other potentially more clinically relevant in vivo tumor models including orthotopic, metastatic, and genetically engineered mouse models are also reviewed. Although this review concentrates on the preclinical screening efforts of the NCI, European efforts are not overlooked. Europe has played a key role in the development of new anticancer agents. The two largest academic drug development groups, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Cancer Research UK, have been collaborating with the NCI in the acquisition and screening of compounds since the 1970s. As with the drug development process internationally, rational pharmacodynamic approaches have more recently been adopted by these two groups.
Miniaturized universal imaging device using fluidic lens (2008)

We report the achievement of a highly versatile imager consisting of a tunable fluidic lens with a wide tuning range and three fixed lenses. The device has a volume of less than 1 cm(3) and a short total track length of 12.5 cm. It can function as a regular camera with an ultrawide autofocusing range and as a microscope with 3 microm resolution.
Multiple endoglycosidase (Endo) F activities expressed by Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Endo F1: molecular cloning, primary sequence, and structural relationship to Endo H. (1992)

A full-length insert for the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo) F1 gene was located on a 2,200-base pair EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA and cloned into the plasmid vector Bluescript. Transformed Escherichia coli cells expressed Endo F1 activity very well, but the enzyme apparently was not processed and secreted into the medium as it normally is in Flavobacterium meningosepticum. DNA sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1,017 nucleotides encoding a putative 50-amino acid signal sequence, and a mature protein (31,667 Da) of 289 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence was verified by direct Edman microsequencing of 88% of the purified protein as tryptic and V8 protease peptides. Alignment of Endo F1 (289 amino acids) with the established amino acid sequence of Streptomyces plicatus Endo H (271 amino acids) revealed a 32% structural identity over the entire sequence and a high degree of conservative replacements. Potential catalytic domains identified in other proteins that hydrolyze the beta 1,4 glycosidic linkage between N-acetylglucosamine residues are also conserved for amino acid identity and relative spacing in Endo F1.