gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forgotten Clients: Access to Justice for Those With Moderate Incomes (1996)

Maryland's clinical law program joins the legal community in providing legal services to moderate income households. Professor Michael Millemann heads the task force for the Moderate Income Access to Justice Project, and explains how the vision was sparked and what direction they are heading.
Computer translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature. 6. (Semi)automatic name correction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature. 6. (Semi)automatic name correctionG. H. Kirby, M. R. Lord, and J. D. RaynerCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1991, 31, 1, 153–160Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00001a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00001a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the pituitary multicatalytic proteinase complex (1992)

The multicatalytic proteinase complex (MPC), also referred to as proteasome, is a large molecular mass intracellular particle (approximately 700 kDa), which exhibits three distinct proteolytic activities designated as chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing (PGPH), all sensitive to inhibition by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI). The presence of a component resistant to inhibition by DCI with an apparent preference toward bonds on the carboxyl side of branched-chain amino acids has also been recently established. Peptide aldehydes and peptide alpha-keto esters containing a hydrophobic residue in the P1 position have been tested as potential inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like activity. Three peptide aldehydes (benzyloxycarbonyl)-Leu-Leu-phenylalaninal (Z-LLF-CHO), N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (Ac-LLnL-CHO), and N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-methioninal (Ac-LLM-CHO) were found to be slow-binding reversible inhibitors with Ki values of 0.46, 5.7, and 33 microM, respectively. The simplest kinetic model for inhibition is consistent with a mechanism involving a slow and reversible association of the enzyme with the inhibitor to form a EI complex. The aldehyde inhibitors also inhibited the trypsin-like and PGPH activities of the complex albeit with much higher Ki values than those for chymotrypsin-like activity. Z-LLF-CHO, the most selective of the three aldehydes, did not inhibit the PGPH activity at concentrations of up to 200 microM and inhibited the trypsin-like activity with a Ki approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than that for the chymotrypsin-like activity. The activity of the DCI-resistant component was not affected by Z-LLF-CHO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Position-Controlled Uniform GaAs Nanowires on Silicon using Nanoimprint Lithography (2014)

We report on the epitaxial growth of large-area position-controlled self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) directly on Si by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Nanohole patterns are defined in a SiO2 mask on 2 in. Si wafers using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for the growth of positioned GaAs NWs. To optimize the yield of vertical NWs the MBE growth parameter space is tuned, including Ga predeposition time, Ga and As fluxes, growth temperature, and annealing treatment prior to NW growth. In addition, a non-negligible radial growth is observed with increasing growth time and is found to be independent of the As species (i.e., As2 or As4) and the growth temperatures studied. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis of the GaAs NW/Si substrate heterointerface reveals an epitaxial growth where NW base fills the oxide hole opening and eventually extends over the oxide mask. These findings have important implications for NW-based device designs with axial and radial p-n junctions. Finally, NIL positioned GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell heterostructured NWs are grown on Si to study the optical properties of the NWs. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy of ensembles of as-grown core-shell NWs reveals uniform and high optical quality, as required for the subsequent device applications. The combination of NIL and MBE thereby demonstrates the successful heterogeneous integration of highly uniform GaAs NWs on Si, important for fabricating high throughput, large-area position-controlled NW arrays for various optoelectronic device applications.
Heschl's Gyrus, Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus, and Mid-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Have Different Roles in the Detection of Acoustic Changes (2006)

A part of the auditory system automatically detects changes in the acoustic environment. This preattentional process has been studied extensively, yet its cerebral origins have not been determined with sufficient accuracy to allow comparison to established anatomical and functional parcellations. Here we used event-related functional MRI and EEG in a parametric experimental design to determine the cortical areas in individual brains that participate in the detection of acoustic changes. Our results suggest that automatic change processing consists of at least three stages: initial detection in the primary auditory cortex, detailed analysis in the posterior superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale, and judgment of sufficient novelty for the allocation of attentional resources in the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
Mammalian G1 cyclins and cell cycle progression. (1995)

Since their discovery in 1991, the D- and E-type cyclins, their associated catalytic subunits, and the molecules that regulate their kinase activity have been subjects of intense scrutiny by a rapidly expanding group of investigators. Part of the excitement stems from an emerging realization that these molecules define a final common pathway for growth factor-induced and antiproliferative signals during the cell cycle. As such, their study is helping to describe the biochemical pathways that determine the basis of late GI phase control, much as studies of growth factors, receptors, cytoplasmic signaling molecules, and responding transcription factors helped to define temporally earlier steps in the mitogenic process. In retrospect, it is neither surprising that there is a functional interplay between these cell cycle regulators and previously recognized tumor suppressor gene products (p53 and pRB) that are themselves engaged in GI phase checkpoint control, nor is it surprising that genetic perturbations affecting the functions of these genes contribute to cancer. It seems equally likely that further elucidation of the functions of these molecules will help to better explain such diverse processes as differentiation and apoptosis, which cooperatively depend on the cell cycle machinery for their proper execution.
Performance Evaluation of the MiniMed® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Patient Home Use (2000)

Background: The recent availability of a continuous glucose monitor offers the opportunity to match the demands of intensive diabetes management with a period of equally intensive blood glucose monitoring. The present study evaluates the performance of the MiniMed® continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients with diabetes during home use. Methods: Performance data and demographic information were obtained from 135 patients who were (mean ± SD) 40.5 ± 14.5 years old, had an average duration of diabetes of 18.0 ± 9.8 years, 50% were female, 90% were Caucasian, and 87% of whom had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Patients were selected by their physician, trained on the use of the CGMS and wore the device at home for 3 days or more. The performance of the CGMS was evaluated against blood glucose measurements obtained using each patient’s home blood glucose meter. Evaluation statistics included correlation, linear regression, mean difference and percent absolute difference scores, and Clarke error grid analysis. Results: The CGMS values were compared to 2477 SMBG tests (r = 0.91, slope = 0.93, intercept = 14.5 mg/dL, mean absolute difference = 18.0% ± 19.8%). Clarke error grid analysis showed 96.2% of the data pairs falling within the clinically acceptable regions (zones A and B). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the agreement of the CGMS to blood glucose meter values, under conditions of home use, in patients selected by their physicians as candidates for continuous monitoring. The detailed glucose information provided by the CGMS should make successful management of diabetes more easily achieved.
Gangliosides in Bovine Milk. Changes in Content and Distribution of Individual Ganglioside Levels During Lactation (1992)

Bovine milk undergoes changes in its ganglioside contents during the different stages of lactation. These contents are higher in colostrum (7.5 mg of lipid-bound NeuAc/kg) than in transitional (2.3 mg) or mature (1.4 mg) milk. The sialic acid content of milk follows a similar profile to that of gangliosides with the highest content during the first few days post partum followed by a gradual decrease towards the end of the period studied. When the individual distribution of gangliosides was examined throughout the course of lactation, several changes were also found. GD3 is the major ganglioside (about 60-70%) found; its content decreases from the first to the fifth day, increasing towards the end of the period considered. GM3, GD3 and GT3, sialyllactosylceramide-containing gangliosides account for 80-90% of the total lipid-bound NeuAc content. The most striking change in the ganglioside pattern was the gradual increase in G3.
Cellular delivery of antibodies: effective targeted subcellular imaging and new therapeutic tool (2010)

Abstract It is already more than a century since the pioneering work of the Nobel Laureate Ehrlich gave birth to the side chain theory1, which helped to define antibodies and their ability to target specific biological sites. However, the use of antibodies is still restricted to the extracellular space due to the lack of a suitable delivery vehicle for the efficient transport of antibodies into live cells without inducing toxicity. In this work, we report the efficient encapsulation and delivery of antibodies into live cells with no significant loss of cell viability or any deleterious affect on the cell metabolic activity. This delivery system is based on poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)-block-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate), (PMPC-PDPA), a pH sensitive diblock copolymer that self-assembles to form nanometer-sized vesicles, also known as polymersomes, at physiological pH. These polymersomes can successfully deliver relatively high antibody payloads within live cells. Once inside the cells, we demonstrate that these antibodies can target their epitope by immune-labelling of cytoskeleton, Golgi, and transcription factor proteins in live cells. We also demonstrate that this effective antibody delivery mechanism can be used to control specific subcellular events, as well as modulate cell activity and pro-inflammatory process.
What is That? Object Recognition from Natural Features on a Mobile Phone (2009)

Connecting the physical and the digital world is an upcoming trend that enables numberless use-cases. The mobile phone as the most pervasive digital device is often used to establish such a connection. The phone enables users to retrieve, use, and share digital information and services connected to physical objects. Recognizing physical objects is thus a fundamental precondition for such applications. Object recognition is usually enabled using visual marker (e.g. Qr Codes) or electronic marker (e.g. RFID). Marker based approaches are not feasible for a large range of objects such as sights, photos, and persons. Markerless approaches that use the image stream from the mobile phone’s camera are commonly server-based which dramatically limits the interactiveness. Recent work on image processing shows that interactive object recognition on mobile phones is at hand. In this paper we present a markerless object recognition that processes multiple camera images per second on recent mobile phones. The algorithm combines a stripped down SIFT with a scalable vocabulary tree and a simple feature matching. Based on this algorithm we implemented a simple application which recognizes poster segments and conducted an initial user study to get an understanding of the implications that accompany markerless interaction.
Inhibitory effects of telomere-mimic phosphorothioate oligonucleotides on various human tumor cells in vitro. (1997)

We tested the cell growth inhibitory effects of telomere-mimic oligomers, 5'-d(TTAGGG)n-3' where n = 1, 2, 3 or 4 in the following 8 human tumor cell lines: 2780 ovarian carcinoma, HEp-2 squamous cell carcinoma, VAMT-1 mesothelioma, DND-1A melanoma, MOLT-3 ALL, Jurkat lymphoma, Daudi Burkitt lymphoma, and JAR choriocarcinoma. As controls, 1 scrambled 6-mer and 2 scrambled 24-mers were tested. Among the compounds tested, the 6-mer and 12-mer were not active in any of the cell lines studied. Increases in the length of oligonucleotides from 18- to 24-mer resulted in increased cell growth inhibitory activity in sensitive cell lines. Cells in suspension cultures, MOLT-3 ALL and Daudi Burkitt lymphoma were generally more sensitive than the monolayers (24-mer ID90 = -3 microM). While the inhibitory effects of authentic 24-mer oligomer were more pronounced than the scrambled oligomers, both of the scrambled 24-mers also showed some degree of inhibitory activity. Except for modest activity of the 24-mer in 2 cell lines, DND-1A and 2780, none of the compounds tested were active against solid tumor cell lines. These data indicate that further study of the telomere-mimic 24-mer is warranted as candidate compound for the treatment of leukemia/lymphoma.
The elements of nature (2004)

This updated course on simulating natural phenomena will cover the latest research and production techniques for simulating most of the elements of nature. The presenters will provide movie production, interactive simulation, and research perspectives on the difficult task of photorealistic modeling, rendering, and animation of natural phenomena. The course offers a nice balance of the latest interactive graphics hardware-based simulation techniques and the latest physics-based simulation techniques. Interactive implementations and approximations of complex physics-based simulations will be presented, as well as procedural approximations and combined hybrid techniques. Interactive demonstrations and discussions of implementation details impart a working knowledge of these techniques that can't be acquired by reading papers on the topics.
Platelet‐derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factor I regulate specific cell‐cycle parameters of human diploid fibroblasts in serum‐free culture (1989)

The growth regulation of human diploid fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) (somatomedin C), dexamethasone, and transferrin was investigated in a serum-free, chemically defined culture system. Cell-cycle kinetic parameters were determined using 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and flow cytometric analysis with the DNA-specific dye Hoechst 33258. We found that PDGF and EGF regulate the proportion of cells capable of entering the cell cycle from the quiescent state, with smaller effects upon the rate of cell transition from G1 into S phase. IGF-1, on the other hand, regulates the rate of cell exit from G1 without affecting the cycling fraction. Transferrin and dexamethasone showed less effect upon the cell-cycle kinetics under these culture conditions. The data provide functional evidence that PDGF and EGF regulate similar cell-kinetic parameters in human fibroblast cultures. IGF-I is functionally distinct from both PDGF and EGF in its role of regulating G1 exit rate without affecting the cycling fraction. These observations made by BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometric techniques provide a novel perspective on the regulatory effects exerted by different classes of growth factors, and suggest a mode of interdependence of these mitogens in regulating the net growth rate which could be a feature of growth regulation in vivo. These data also provide a different perspective on the regulation of the growth of fibroblast-like cells than that of the "competence/progression" cell-cycle model.
Core-Tetrasubstituted Naphthalene Diimides:  Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Redox Characteristics (2007)

2,3,6,7-tetrabromonaphthalene dianhydride has been synthesized by the bromination of naphthalene dianhydride with dibromoisocyanuric acid in excellent yield. The condensation of this dianhydride with 2,6-diisopropylaniline yielded the corresponding tetrabromo-substituted naphthalene diimide (NDI), which is a versatile precursor for the synthesis of core-tetrafunctionalized NDIs. Nucleophilic substitution of tetrabromo NDI with alkoxy, alkylthio, and alkylamino nucleophiles afforded a series of core-tetrasubstituted NDI chromophores that complete the series of previously reported di- and trifunctionalized NDI derivatives. The effects of electronic nature and number of core substituents on the optical and electrochemical properties of NDIs have been investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The absorption maxima (629-642 nm) of tetraamino NDIs are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to those of other core-functionalized NDIs.
Inhibition of metastatic cell colonization in murine lungs and tumor‐induced morbidity by non‐peptidic Arg‐Gly‐Asp mimetics (1993)

The spreading and colonization of tumor cells require their migration to metastatic sites via blood vessels. To penetrate blood-vessel walls, cells, including malignant ones, must recognize and associate with the sub-endothelium extracellular matrix (ECM) and its glycoproteins. Recognition of ECM-glycoproteins, such as fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN), is mediated by integrin receptors expressed on various cell types, including platelets, leukocytes and tumor cells. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide, a major adhesive ligand of ECM, is present in various plasma and matrix glycoproteins, such as FN and VN. Non-peptidic mimetics of RGD, consisting of carboxylate and guanidinium groups of Asp and Arg divided by a linear atom spacer, express a high affinity for the alpha IIb-beta 3 integrin and inhibit platelet aggregation. Herein, the ability of RGD mimetics to inhibit adhesive interactions between tumor cells and RGD, and tumor progression in vivo, was examined. RGD-containing peptides and the RGD mimetic, compound SF-6,5, but not the Arg-Gly-Glu (RGE) peptide or the corresponding mimetic, specifically inhibited B16-F10 melanoma cell adhesion to immobilized VN and FN. Daily administration in vivo of SF-6,5 to mice inhibited the formation of B16-F10 colonies in experimental and spontaneous models of metastases. Moreover, SF-6,5 could prevent mouse death caused by massive colonization of tumor cells in the lungs. The therapeutic effect of RGD-containing peptides on tumor metastasis formation was marginal, probably due to the small amounts used, and its susceptibility to proteolysis in situ. Thus, non-peptidic mimetics of small adhesive epitopes may provide a novel therapeutic tool to prevent an adverse pathological event involving integrin-dependent cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions.
Optimization of the Synthesis of Structured Phosphatidylcholine with Medium Chain Fatty Acid (2017)

Structured phosphatidylcholine was successfully produced by acidolysis between phosphatidylcholine and free medium chain fatty acid, using phospholipase A<sub>1</sub> immobilized on Duolite A568. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the reaction system using three process parameters: molar ratio of substrates (phosphatidylcholine to free medium chain fatty acid), enzyme loading, and reaction temperature. All parameters evaluated showed linear and quadratic significant effects on the production of modified phosphatidylcholine; molar ratio of substrates contributed positively, but temperature influenced negatively. Increased enzyme loading also led to increased production of modified phosphatidylcholine but only during the first 9 hours of the acidolysis reaction. Optimal conditions obtained from the model were a ratio of phosphatidylcholine to free medium chain fatty acid of 1:15, an enzyme loading of 12%, and a temperature of 45°C. Under these conditions a production of modified phosphatidylcholine of 52.98 % were obtained after 24 h of reaction. The prediction was confirmed from the verification experiments; the production of modified phosphatidylcholine was 53.02%, the total yield of phosphatidylcholine 64.28% and the molar incorporation of medium chain fatty acid was 42.31%. The acidolysis reaction was scaled-up in a batch reactor with a similar production of modified phosphatidylcholine, total yield of phosphatidylcholine and molar incorporation of medium chain fatty acid. Purification by column chromatography of the structured phosphatidylcholine yielded 62.53% of phosphatidylcholine enriched with 42.52% of medium chain fatty acid.
The Genome Project-Write (2016)

We need technology and an ethical framework for genome-scale engineering
The output properties of Volterra systems (nonlinear systems with memory) driven by harmonic and Gaussian inputs (1971)

Troublesome distortions often occur in communication systems. For a wide class of systems such distortions can be computed with the help of Volterra series. Results, both old and new, which will aid the reader in applying Volterra-series-type analyses to systems driven by sine waves or Gaussian noise are presented. The n-fold Fourier transform G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> of the nth Volterra kernel plays an important role in the analysis. Methods of computing G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> from the system equations are described and several special systems are considered. When the G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> are known, items of interest regarding the output can be obtained by substituting the G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> in general formulas derived from the Volterra series representation. These items include expressions for the output harmonics, when the input is the sum of two or three sine waves, and the power spectrum and various moments, when the input is Gaussian. Special attention is paid to the case in which the Volterra series consists of only the linear and quadratic terms.
The health economic burden that acute and chronic wounds impose on an average clinical commissioning group/health board in the UK (2017)

Real-world evidence highlights the substantial burden that acute and chronic wounds impose on an average CCG/health board. Strategies are required to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and healing rates.