gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms with Phage Therapy (2015)

Phage therapy has been proven to be more effective, in some cases, than conventional antibiotics, especially regarding multidrug-resistant biofilm infections. The objective here was to isolate an anti-Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage and to evaluate its efficacy against planktonic and biofilm cultures. E. faecalis is an important pathogen found in many infections, including endocarditis and persistent infections associated with root canal treatment failure. The difficulty in E. faecalis treatment has been attributed to the lack of anti-infective strategies to eradicate its biofilm and to the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. To this end, an anti-E. faecalis and E. faecium phage, termed EFDG1, was isolated from sewage effluents. The phage was visualized by electron microscopy. EFDG1 coding sequences and phylogeny were determined by whole genome sequencing (GenBank accession number KP339049), revealing it belongs to the Spounavirinae subfamily of the Myoviridae phages, which includes promising candidates for therapy against Gram-positive pathogens. This analysis also showed that the EFDG1 genome does not contain apparent harmful genes. EFDG1 antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in vitro against planktonic and biofilm cultures, showing effective lytic activity against various E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, regardless of their antibiotic resistance profile. In addition, EFDG1 efficiently prevented ex vivo E. faecalis root canal infection. These findings suggest that phage therapy using EFDG1 might be efficacious to prevent E. faecalis infection after root canal treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of Once‐Daily Trospium Chloride 60 mg Extended Release and Twice‐Daily Trospium Chloride 20 mg in Healthy Adults (2009)

The objective of this study is to characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetics and compare the relative bioavailability of the extended-release capsule formulation of the antimuscarinic trospium chloride, developed for once-daily administration, and trospium chloride immediate-release tablets. This is a single-center, multidose, randomized, open-label, 2-period, 2-arm crossover, bioavailability study in healthy adult male and female subjects who are within 20% of their ideal body weight. Subjects receive trospium 60-mg extended-release capsules once daily and trospium 20-mg tablets twice daily for 10 days, each in a crossover manner. Twenty-four subjects are enrolled in the study. With multiple dosing of trospium 60 mg extended-release once daily versus 20 mg twice daily, lower geometric least squares mean area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours (17 360 vs 28 590 pg.h/mL; ratio 61%; 90% confidence interval, 51-72) and maximum plasma concentration (1517 vs 2502 pg/mL; 61%; 90% confidence interval, 49-75) are observed. Furthermore, with trospium 60 mg extended-release versus 20 mg, median time to maximum plasma concentration is later (5.0 vs 4.5 hours) and half-life is longer (35.8 vs 27.2 hours). Trospium exposure is lower with multiple dosing of trospium 60 mg extended-release compared with trospium 20 mg twice daily. Thus, with the extended-release formulation, trospium concentrations are less likely to reach the threshold where adverse events may sometimes occur.
The Fish Oil Story Remains Fishy (2010)

2] An alternative explanation is that people who consume more fish are already consuming a heart-healthy diet. Although an effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiac sudden death has been suggested,
Biological interactions between polysaccharides and divalent cations: The egg‐box model (1973)

We han, e shown that spedfic binding of divalent cations to a polysaechafide polyelectro]ym, leading firm cohesion between the chains, can cause characteristic effects ~n ~e c~rcutar diehroism spectrum which are understandabb in terms of modem theo~, [ l ]. For atginate, tiffs binding is a co-operative p,~otess that predominantly in~oNes consecuti~'e ~luronale residues. Some other systems ha~e now been inves,~igated in an attempt to formulate a general inSetpretafion of bio]ogics] phenomena of this type. T~e known streng~ and specificity of comp~exafion are explained m termg of an "'egg-box model" which ~s ,derN,ed from our measmemems, the known coordination geometries in mode] compounds, and the require-men~s roar ~ooperafivity.
Silicon complexity for maximum likelihood MIMO detection using spherical decoding (2004)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems increase spectral efficiency by transmitting independent signals on multiple transmit antennas in the same channel bandwidth. The key to using MIMO is in building a receiver that can decorrelate the spatial signatures on the receiver antenna array. Original MIMO detection schemes such as the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (VBLAST) detector use a nulling and cancellation process for detection that is sub-optimal as compared to constrained maximum likelihood (ML) techniques. This paper presents a silicon complexity analysis of ML search techniques for MIMO as applied to the HSDPA extension of UMTS. For MIMO constellations of 4/spl times/4 QPSK or lower, it is possible to perform an exhaustive ML search in today's silicon technologies. When the search complexity exceeds technology limits for high complexity MIMO constellations, it is possible to apply spherical decoding techniques to achieve near-ML performance. The paper presents an architecture for a 4/spl times/4 16QAM MIMO spherical decoder with soft outputs that achieves 38.8 Mb/s over a 5-MHz channel using only approximately 10 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
A Cobalt−Phosphine Complex Directed Reformatsky Approach to a Stereospecific Synthesis of the Dolastatin 10 Unit Dolaproine (Dap)1 (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Cobalt−Phosphine Complex Directed Reformatsky Approach to a Stereospecific Synthesis of the Dolastatin 10 Unit Dolaproine (Dap)1George R. Pettit and Matthew P. GrealishView Author Information Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2404 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 25, 8640–8642Publication Date (Web):November 9, 2001Publication History Received24 May 2001Published online9 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo010530tCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1299Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (37 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Absolute configuration,Addition reactions,Aldol reactions,Enolates,Oxidation reactions Get e-Alerts
Biotransformation of organic sulfides (1991 to mid 2000) (2001)

Covering 1991 to mid 2000.
Na+/Ca2+ Exchange Inhibitors: A New Class of Calcium Regulators (2007)

The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional transporter that normally extrudes Ca(2+) from the cell (forward mode), but also brings Ca(2+) into the cell (reverse mode) under special conditions such as intracellular Na(+) (Na(+)(i)) accumulation or membrane depolarization. There are three mammalian NCX isoforms: NCX1 is widely expressed in the heart, kidney, brain, blood vessels, and so on; whereas the expression of NCX2 and NCX3 is limited mainly to the brain and skeletal muscle. The pharmacology of NCX inhibitors has been studied extensively since the development of KB-R7943, a prototype benzyloxyphenyl NCX inhibitor, in 1996. Currently, experiments are actively progressing with more selective inhibitors: SEA0400, SN-6, and YM-244769. Intriguingly, the inhibitory potency of benzyloxyphenyl NCX inhibitors is directly coupled to the rate of Na(+)(i)-dependent inactivation. Therefore, the benzyloxyphenyl inhibitors are apparently dormant during the forward mode under normal conditions (low Na(+)(i)), but become effective during the reverse mode under pathological conditions (high Na(+)(i)). This should be an ideal profile for calcium regulators against Na(+)(i)-related diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injuries, salt-dependent hypertension, and digitalis arrhythmia. Existing ion channel blockers, such as amiodarone, dronedarone, bepridil, aprindine, and cibenzoline, have been found to have an NCX inhibitory action. It is possible that this property is partly responsible for their antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects. This article presents the characteristics of selective and non-selective NCX inhibitors and their therapeutic potential as a new calcium regulator.
Effects of curcumin on changes of Egr-1mRNA, IL-1β and TNF-α in paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats (2013)

Objective To observe the changes of early growth response factor-1 mRNA (Egr-1 mRNA),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat with paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury,and the potential protective effect of curcumin on this injury.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dauley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into control,PQ-poisoning and curcumin-intervention groups.At 3 h,6 h,24 h,3 d,7 d after treatment,each group respectively further divided into 5 subgroups.Rats in PQ-poisoning group were intraperitoneally (IP) administered with PQ 15 mg/kg,and rats in cureumin-intervention group were administered with PQ 15 mg/kg IP at 15 min after curcumin 200 mg/kg IP.Rats in control group were given normal saline (NS) 1 mL IP instead.The expression of Egr-1 mRNA in lungs tissue were measured with Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR device.The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured with enzyme-hnked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pathological changes in lung were observed under light microscope.Experimental data were treated with single-factor analysis of variance and compared between groups with Bonferroni method.Results Compared with the control group,Egr-1 mRNA expression in lungs tissue and TNF-α level in BALF in PQ-poisoning group and curcumin-intervention group,IL-1β level in BALF in PQ-poisoning group increased significantly at 6 h,24 h,3 d,7 d after PQ exposure (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),and IL-1β level in BALF increased significantly at 24 h after PQ exposure in curcuminintervention group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the PQ-poisoning group,Egr-1 mRNA expression in lungs tissue,TNF-α and IL-1 β level in BALF decreased significantly at 24 h,3 d,7 d after PQ exposure in curcumin-intervention group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Pathological changes of lung tissue were more serious in PQ-poisoning group than those in curcumin-intervention group.Conclusions The up-regulated expression of Egr-1 mRNA increased releasing ofIL-1β and TNF-α,and initiating inflammation may be one of the mechanism of PQ-induced acute lung injury in rats.Curcumin may have beneficial protective effects on lung in this above described pathway of signaling.

Key words: 
Paraquat ;  Early growth response factor-1 mRNA ;  Interleukin-1β ;  Tumor necrosis factor-α;  Lung injury;  Curcumin;  Poison;  Rat
Lactobacillus reuteri –induced Regulatory T cells Protect against an Allergic Airway Response in Mice (2008)

These results strongly support a role for nonantigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in attenuating the allergic airway response following oral treatment with L. reuteri. This potent immuno-regulatory action may have therapeutic potential in controlling the Th2 bias observed in atopic individuals.
Further Investigation of the Specificity of Interactions Between Wild Lactuca spp. and Bremia lactucae Isolates from Lactuca serriola (1991)

Abstract Specificity of interactions between eight Lactuca species ( L. saligna, L. virosa, L. altaica, L. dregeana, L. perennis, L. tenerrima, L. tatarica, L. viminea ) and two related genera ( Mycelis muralis, Chondrilla juncea ) and seven Bremia lactucae isolates from Lactuca serriola was studied in 96 accessions. The 35 L. saligna accessions gave no evidence for race‐specificity and a non‐host resistance is expected. L. virosa (36 accessions) showed a highly various response. A substantial part of the studied sets expressed a race‐specific resistance. L. altaica (one accession), which is closely related to L. serriola , was susceptible to all isolates used. L. dregeana (2 accessions) showed also a race‐specific response. The accessions of L. perennis (7), L. tatarica (2) and L. viminea (1) were resistant. The susceptibility of L. tenerrima (3 accessions), which is related to L. perennis , is unexpected. In Mycelis muralis (8 accessions) very often a incomplete resistance was observed. Chondrilla juncea (1 accession) was resistant to all isolates used. It can be concluded that the genetic distances between species cannot be used as a prediction for resistance or susceptibility.
Shifting the pH Profile of Aspergillus niger PhyA Phytase To Match the Stomach pH Enhances Its Effectiveness as an Animal Feed Additive (2006)

Environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste is a major problem in agriculture because simple-stomached animals, such as swine, poultry, and fish, cannot digest phosphorus (as phytate) present in plant feeds. To alleviate this problem, a phytase from Aspergillus niger PhyA is widely used as a feed additive to hydrolyze phytate-phosphorus. However, it has the lowest relative activity at the pH of the stomach (3.5), where the hydrolysis occurs. Our objective was to shift the pH optima of PhyA to match the stomach condition by substituting amino acids in the substrate-binding site with different charges and polarities. Based on the crystal structure of PhyA, we prepared 21 single or multiple mutants at Q50, K91, K94, E228, D262, K300, and K301 and expressed them in Pichia pastoris yeast. The wild-type (WT) PhyA showed the unique bihump, two-pH-optima profile, whereas 17 mutants lost one pH optimum or shifted the pH optimum from pH 5.5 to the more acidic side. The mutant E228K exhibited the best overall changes, with a shift of pH optimum to 3.8 and 266% greater (P < 0.05) hydrolysis of soy phytate at pH 3.5 than the WT enzyme. The improved efficacy of the enzyme was confirmed in an animal feed trial and was characterized by biochemical analysis of the purified mutant enzymes. In conclusion, it is feasible to improve the function of PhyA phytase under stomach pH conditions by rational protein engineering.
Supramolecular Chemistry. 49. Ligand-Porphyrin Complexes: Quantitative Evaluation of Stacking and Ionic Contributions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupramolecular Chemistry. 49. Ligand-Porphyrin Complexes: Quantitative Evaluation of Stacking and Ionic ContributionsHans-Joerg Schneider and Manxue WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 24, 7464–7472Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00103a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (904 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vessel Formation by Choroidal Endothelial Cells In Vitro Is Modulated by Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (1995)

Overlying RPE cells stimulate the formation of tubelike structures by choroidal endothelial cells more effectively than do fibroblasts or pericytes but inhibit BCE tube formation in older cultures. The effect involves endothelial proliferation and differentiation. The stimulatory effect of overlying RPE cells can be inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, which suggests that these growth factors play an important role in this phenomenon.
Vacuolar invertase regulates elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana roots as revealed by QTL and mutant analysis (2006)

The possible role of the sucrose-splitting enzymes sucrose synthase and invertase in elongating roots and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis was tested by using a combination of histochemical methods and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Lengths of roots and hypocotyls correlated better with invertase activities than with sucrose synthase activities. The highest correlations were observed with activities in the elongating zones of roots. The genetic basis of these correlations was studied by using QTL analysis. Several loci, affecting invertase activity, colocated with loci that had an effect on root or hypocotyl length. Further fine mapping of a major locus for root length, but not for hypocotyl length (top chromosome 1), consistently showed colocation with the locus for invertase activity containing a gene coding for a vacuolar invertase. The analysis of a functional knockout line confirmed the role of this invertase in root elongation, whereas other invertase genes might play a role in hypocotyl elongation. Thus, we show the power of QTL analysis, combined for morphological and biochemical traits, followed by fine-mapping and mutant analysis, in unraveling the function of genes and their role in growth and development.
Time-multiplexed analogue circuit for implementing artificial neural networks (1988)

A time-multiplexed analogue circuit is described for implementing artificial neural networks. Important parameters can be programmed using external passive components and networks of arbitrary size and complexity can be constructed with no degradation in network performance. The proposed IC is suitable for implementation using a VLSI CMOS process.
Directed enzyme pro-drug gene therapy for pancreatic cancer in vivo. (1994)

These results suggest the potential utility of directed enzyme pro-drug therapy in patients with CEA-expressing pancreatic carcinoma.
Effects of Hetero Atom Substituents in the Decomposition of Pyrazolines: Abnormal Behavior of Methoxy Group Compared with Arylthio or Arylseleno Group (1986)

Quantitative hydrogen migration was observed on the thermal decomposition of 4-methoxy-substituted pyrazolines with two electronwithdrawing groups at C(3) except some trans-5-alkyl-4-methoxypyrazolines accompanied with methoxy migration.Decompositions of pyrazolines are a field of considerable interest for a long 1 time .We reported that vinyl sulfides, geminally substituted with two electronwithdrawing groups, reacted with diazoalkanes to give 4-arylthiopyrazolines, which decomposed to allyl sulfides by migration of 4-arylthio group to C(5) with loss of 2 nitrogen, quantitatively .We also found that 4-arylselenopyrazolines with two electron-withdrawing groups at C(3) undergo thermal decomposition at a lower temperature leading to a facile 4-arylseleno group migration to give allyl selenides.In this reaction, 4-arylseleno group appears to participate more 3 strongly than 4-arylthio group .These findings have prompted us to study 4-alkoxypyrazolines with two electron-withdrawing groups at C(3).In this study, we found quite a different behavior of methoxy group from that of arylthio or arylseleno groups.Pyrarolines (la-e) were obtained from the reactions of dimethyl methoxymethylenemalonate (1) with diazoalkanes, and the pyrazolines were much more stable than the pyrazolines bearing 4-arylthio and arylseleno groups.Pyrazoline (2a) on heating in xylene gave quantitatively 4a which is a product formed by hydrogen migration (instead of methoxy migration or cyclopropanation) to C(5) with elimination of nitrogen: mp 73-75OC; NMR 62.44(s, 3H).3.69(s, 3H), and 3.77(s, 6Hl.The thermal decomposition of the pyrazoline riel also afforded j e , quantitatively.The reaction of 1 with diazoethane gave two isomers of adducts, ib-trans and ib-cis
Selective inhibitors of the osteoblast proteasome stimulate bone formation in vivo and in vitro (2003)

We have found that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway exerts exquisite control of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Structurally different inhibitors that bind to specific catalytic beta subunits of the 20S proteasome stimulated bone formation in bone organ cultures in concentrations as low as 10 nM. When administered systemically to mice, the proteasome inhibitors epoxomicin and proteasome inhibitor-1 increased bone volume and bone formation rates over 70% after only 5 days of treatment. Since the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been shown to modulate expression of the Drosophila homologue of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4 (BMP-2 and BMP-4) genes, we examined the effects of noggin, an endogenous inhibitor of BMP-2 and BMP-4 on bone formation stimulated by these compounds and found that it was abrogated. These compounds increased BMP-2 but not BMP-4 or BMP-6 mRNA expression in osteoblastic cells, suggesting that BMP-2 was responsible for the observed bone formation that was inhibited by noggin. We show proteasome inhibitors regulate BMP-2 gene expression at least in part through inhibiting the proteolytic processing of Gli3 protein. Our results suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and that inhibition of specific components of this system may be useful therapeutically in common diseases of bone loss.
Are Markets Truly Efficient? Experiments Using Deep Learning Algorithms for Market Movement Prediction (2018)

We examine the use of deep learning (neural networks) to predict the movement of the S&amp;P 500 Index using past returns of all the stocks in the index. Our analysis finds that the future direction of the S&amp;P 500 index can be weakly predicted by the prior movements of the underlying stocks in the index, but not strongly enough to reject market efficiency. Decomposition of the prediction error indicates that most of the lack of predictability comes from randomness and only a little from nonstationarity. We believe this is the first test of S&amp;P 500 market efficiency that uses a very large information set, and it extends the domain of weak-form market efficiency tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Functionalized Isoxazolines (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.