gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Calibration of Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensor Array for Measurement of Hydrogen and Ammonia Gas Mixtures in Humid Air (1998)

A sensor array for analyzing hydrogen and ammonia gas mixtures in humid air has been developed, built into a rugged system, and calibrated for laboratory testing. The sensor array is comprised of four chemically sensitive field-effect transistors (CHEMFETs). Chemically sensitive layers for the sensors were developed and tested using a Kelvin probe. A combination of catalytic and noncatalytic thin layers (palladium and polyaniline) was selected for the four-sensor array. The work function responses of the CHEMFET sensor array to mixtures of hydrogen, ammonia, and humid air were measured. Chemometric multivariate methods, linear and nonlinear partial least squares, were used for the calibration of the sensor array using gas mixtures in the concentration range from 0 to 10 000 ppm hydrogen and ammonia in humid air. The sensor array for ammonia showed good sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and stability and is recommended for field deployment. In contrast, the sensor array for hydrogen, though highly sensitive to hydrogen, demonstrated inadequate stability, requiring further development before deployment is recommended.
Hypoglossal nerve conduction findings in obstructive sleep apnea (2010)

Denervation of oropharyngeal muscles in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested by needle electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy, but little is known about oropharyngeal nerve conduction abnormalities in OSA. We sought to compare hypoglossal nerve conduction studies in patients with and without OSA. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve conduction studies were performed on 20 subjects with OSA and 20 age-matched controls using standard techniques. Median age was 48 years in OSA subjects and 47 years in controls. Hypoglossal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes were significantly reduced (P = 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), but prolongation of latencies in OSA subjects did not reach significance in comparison to those of controls. Among a subgroup of subjects without polyneuropathy (15 pairs), reduced amplitudes in OSA subjects retained borderline significance (P = 0.05). Hypoglossal nerve conduction abnormalities may distinguish patients with OSA from controls. These abnormalities could potentially contribute to, or arise from, OSA.
Immunogenic Properties of Reticulum Cell Sarcomas of SJL/J Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1970)

Resistance to transplanted reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) was induced in syngeneic SJL/J mice by immunization with irradiated RCS cells. Each of five RCS was immunogenic by this criterion. The induced resistance was specific for the RCS used for immunization and could be conferred on untreated recipients by adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells. An immune response engendered by these antigens may contribute to the cytological features of the primary disease and also to the behavior of transplants, which may fail to proliferate significantly or may regress. However, certain features of the transplanted RCS lines are not readily explicable in immunologie terms and suggest that the cells are under some other form of control, presumably hormonal; prominent among these features is the survival of RCS cells for long periods in apparently healthy mice after spontaneous remission of extensive disease, followed by their renewed proliferation on transfer to untreated recipients.
A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for rapid diagnosis of Niemann-Pick C1 disease from human plasma (2011)

Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a rare, progressively fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there are no FDA-approved therapies. A major barrier to developing new therapies for this disorder has been the lack of a sensitive and noninvasive diagnostic test. Recently, we demonstrated that two cholesterol oxidation products, specifically cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (3β,5α,6β-triol) and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), were markedly increased in the plasma of human NPC1 subjects, suggesting a role for these oxysterols in diagnosis of NPC1 disease and evaluation of therapeutics in clinical trials. In the present study, we describe the development of a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for quantifying 3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-KC human plasma after derivatization with N,N-dimethylglycine. We show that dimethylglycine derivatization successfully enhanced the ionization and fragmentation of 3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-KC for mass spectrometric detection of the oxysterol species in human plasma. The oxysterol dimethylglycinates were resolved with high sensitivity and selectivity, and enabled accurate quantification of 3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-KC concentrations in human plasma. The LC-MS/MS assay was able to discriminate with high sensitivity and specificity between control and NPC1 subjects, and offers for the first time a noninvasive, rapid, and highly sensitive method for diagnosis of NPC1 disease.
Design and Synthesis of a Novel L-Dopa−Entacapone Codrug (2002)

A novel codrug, in which L-Dopa and entacapone are linked via a biodegradable carbamate spacer to form a single chemical entity, was synthesized and studied kinetically. This carbamate codrug provides adequate stability [t(1/2) = 12.1 h (pH 1.2); 1.4 h (pH 5.0); 1.1 h (pH 7.4)] against chemical hydrolysis but rapidly hydrolyzes to L-Dopa and entacapone in liver homogenate (t(1/2) = 7 min; pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. The therapeutical potential of this novel codrug is discussed.
Microtubular interactions of presenilin direct kinesis of Aβ peptide and its precursors (2003)

In our previous study we demonstrated that presenilin 1 (PS1) interacts with cytoplasmic linker protein 170/Restin (CLIP-170/Restin). Herein we show that disruption of the interaction of these proteins within neuronal cell-lines (SY5Y and N2a) can be accomplished by the transfection of vectors that drive the expression of peptide fragments corresponding to their binding domains (BDPs). Interestingly, the disruption of the PS1/CLIP-170 complex is associated with both decreased secretion of endogenous Abeta and decreased uptake of exogenous Abeta from the medium. BDP-expressing cells were also more resistant to surges of Abeta secretion induced by thapsigargin and ionomycin (that elevate intracellular calcium concentrations) and mutations in PS1 linked to familial Alzheimer's disease. Uptake of Abeta by SY5Y cells was amplified when preincubated with ApoE and was mediated through lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). BDP-expressing cells or cells treated with PS1 anti-sense oligonucleotides were less capable of taking up Abeta from the medium compared with controls, indicating that the PS1/CLIP-170 interaction is involved and that PS1 cannot be substituted. In this study, we also mapped the minimum binding domains (mBDPs) of PS1 and CLIP-70 to regions corresponding to the N-terminal end of the large cytoplasmic loop of PS1 and the metal binding motif-containing C-terminal end of CLIP-170. Further, our data obtained from experiments involving in vitro taxol-polymerization of tubulin and confocal immunofluorescence suggest that PS1, via CLIP-170, may serve as an anchor to the microtubules for specific subcellular fractions containing amyloidogenic fragments. Interestingly, Notch is absent from this population of microtubule binding subcellular fractions and its cleavage was unaffected in cells transfected with the PS1-based BDP. This raises the possibility that the interaction of PS1 with CLIP-170 could provide the conceptual basis for anti-amyloidogenic therapeutic strategies with improved specificity. However, this approach may be hampered by a low efficiency, because it may also block Abeta clearance from the interstitial space of the CNS.
In vivo labeling studies on the biosynthesis and degradation of collagen in experimental myocardial infarction. (1991)

The biosynthesis and degradation of myocardial collagen was studied in myocardium infarcted rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of 3H-proline. The incorporation of tritiated proline into collagen as 3H-hydroxyproline was regarded as a measure of collagen synthesis. The total content as well as total activity of hydroxyproline were measured in the whole homogenate, neutral salt soluble fraction, insoluble fraction and in urine collected at different time intervals and specific activities were calculated. Both collagen anabolism and catabolism were found to be affected in infarcted rat hearts. Degradation of existing collagen at the earlier stages of myocardial infarction and a simultaneous new collagen synthesis and deposition as insoluble form later took place.
Proteins in Oats; their Synthesis and Changes during Germination: A Review (2012)

Oats (Avena sativa L.) are distinct among cereals due to their considerably higher protein concentration. At the same time oats possess a protein quality of high nutritional value and a special protein composition. Most cereals like wheat, barley, and rye have a high percentage of prolamins, the alcohol-soluble fraction, which usually contains most of the storage proteins, but oats are an exception. Their major storage proteins belong to the salt-water soluble globulin fraction, whereas oats prolamins are a minor component. During oats groat development, most obvious is the fairly linear increase in the globulin fraction. Oats globulins share structural features with the 11 S globulins of legumes and other dicots. Amino acid composition of oats is superior to that of other cereals due to the higher amount of limiting amino acids like lysine and threonine. During germination, total amino acid analysis revealed an increase in essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan, which leads to an increased nutritional value of germinated oats. Oats protein products including globulin have been chemically modified by various methods to improve their functional properties.
Discrimination between activators and nonactivators of the alternative pathway of complement: regulation via a sialic acid/polyanion binding site on factor H. (1990)

The alternative complement pathway is capable of discriminating human cells and tissues from a wide variety of potential pathogens. It has been recently demonstrated that attachment of complement component C3b to activator-derived molecules (e.g., small polysaccharides) restricts inactivation of C3b by factors H and I in a manner similar to activator surfaces. It is now shown that restriction is reversed by certain soluble polyanions (e.g., sialoglycopeptides, heparin, or dextran sulfate) that mimic the effects of sialic acid and glycosaminoglycans on human cells and tissues. Fluid-phase polyanions enhanced binding of factor H to C3b attached to activating particles, indicating that the effect resulted from increased affinity between C3b and factor H. The enhancement was specific for activator-bound C3b since no enhancement was observed on nonactivating particles. While several polyanions could cause this effect, some polyanions could not, indicating specificity. The active polyanions also inhibited lysis of cells via the alternative pathway. The binding site for sialic acid appears to reside on factor H, since factor H bound to heparin-agarose and to sialic acid-bearing fetuinagarose, whereas C3b bound to neither under the same conditions. These observations suggest that occupation of a specific site on factor H by polyanions induces an increase in the C3b-H affinity, resulting in discrimination of host cells and tissues from alternative pathway-activating foreign cells.
Semisynthesis and Folding of the Potassium Channel KcsA (2002)

In this contribution we describe the semisynthesis of the potassium channel, KcsA. A truncated form of KcsA, comprising the first 125 amino acids of the 160-amino acid protein, was synthesized using expressed protein ligation. This truncated form corresponds to the entire membrane-spanning region of the protein and is similar to the construct previously used in crystallographic studies on the KcsA protein. The ligation reaction was carried out using an N-terminal recombinant peptide alpha-thioester, corresponding to residues 1-73 of KcsA, and a synthetic C-terminal peptide corresponding to residues 74-125. Chemical synthesis of the C-peptide was accomplished by optimized Boc-SPPS techniques. A dual fusion strategy, involving glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the GyrA intein, was developed for recombinant expression of the N-peptide alpha-thioester. The fusion protein, expressed in the insoluble form as inclusion bodies, was refolded and then cleaved successively to remove the GST tag and the intein, thereby releasing the N-peptide alpha-thioester. Following chemical ligation, the KcsA polypeptide was folded into the tetrameric state by incorporation into lipid vesicles. The correctness of the folded state was verified by the ability of the KcsA tetramer to bind to agitoxin-2. To our knowledge, this work represents the first reported semisynthesis of a polytopic membrane protein and highlights the potential application of native chemical ligation and expressed protein ligation for the (semi)synthesis of integral membrane proteins.
Classical vibrational modes in phononic lattices: theory and experiment (2005)

Abstract We present a review, through selected illustrative examples, of the physics of classical vibrational modes in phononic lattices, which elaborates on the theory, the formalism, the methods, and mainly on the numerical and experimental results related to phononic crystals. Most of the topics addressed here, are written in a self-consistent way and they can be read as independent individual parts.
Therapeutic potential of highly cytotoxic natural killer cells for gastric cancer (2014)

To develop more effective therapies for patients with advanced gastric cancer, we examined the potential of ex vivo expanded natural killer (NK) cells. We assessed the expression of ligands for NK Group 2 Member D (NKG2D, an important NK activation molecule) in primary tumors from 102 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and determined their prognostic value. We then examined the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NK cells from healthy donors and patients with gastric cancer. The cytotoxicity of resting and of interleukin (IL)-2-activated NK cells was compared to that of NK cells expanded for 7 days by coculture with the K562-mb15-4.1BBL cell line. As a result, the expression of NKG2D ligands in primary tumors was correlated with favorable presenting features and outcomes, suggesting that gastric cancer may be sensitive to NK cell cytotoxicity. Although resting NK cells showed minimal cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, K562-mb15-4.1BBL-expanded NK cells were highly cytotoxic and significantly more powerful than IL-2-activated NK cells. Cytotoxicity was correlated with NKG2D ligand expression and could be modulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT-PI3 kinase inhibitors. The cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells against HER2-positive gastric cancer cells could be increased by Herceptin and further augmented by Lapatinib. Finally, expanded NK cells exhibited strong antitumor activity in immunodeficient mice engrafted with a gastric cancer cell line. In conclusion, gastric cancer tumors express NKG2D ligands and are highly susceptible to killing by NK cells stimulated by K562-mb15-4.1BBL. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of these NK cells in patients and suggest their use to augment the effects of antibody therapy.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran-4-ones from Dioxinones Catalyzed by Scandium(III) Triflate (2005)

[reaction: see text] A scandium triflate catalyzed, diastereoselective cyclization between aldehydes and beta-hydroxy dioxinones has been discovered. This process capitalizes on the untapped nucleophilicity of the embedded enol ether within the dioxinone core. The bicyclic compounds from the resulting cyclization can be isolated, or alternatively, alkoxide nucleophiles can be directly added. This in situ addition fragments the dioxinone rings and delivers the 3-carboxy-substituted tetrahydropyran-4-ones in good yields with high levels of diastereoselectivity.
Isorhodopsin rather than rhodopsin mediates rod function in RPE65 knock-out mice (2003)

The chromophore of visual pigments is 11-cis-retinal and, thus, in its absence, opsin is not photosensitive and no visual function exists. However, in the RPE65 knockout (Rpe65-/-) mouse, where synthesis of 11-cis-retinal does not occur, a minimal visual response from rod photoreceptors is obtained. We have examined if an alternative pathway exists for cis-retinoid generation in the absence of RPE65. Cyclic-light-reared, 2-month-old Rpe65-/- mice were placed in complete darkness. No exogenous retinoids were administered. After 4 weeks, enhanced a- and b-wave amplitudes were obtained, increasing >10-fold for the a-wave and >3-fold for the b-wave as compared with cyclic-light-reared Rpe65-/- mice. Visual-pigment levels increased to approximately 10 pmol per retina, compared with no measurable pigment for cyclic-light-reared Rpe65-/- mice. The lambdamax of the isolated pigment was 487 nm, characteristic for isorhodopsin. Retinoid extractions confirmed the presence of 9-cis-retinal and the absence of 11-cis-retinal. Once the Rpe65-/- mice were returned to cyclic light, within 48 h the electroretinogram function returned to levels found in Rpe65-/- mice maintained in cyclic light. This dark-mediated pathway is also operational in older animals, because 13-month-old Rpe65-/- mice kept in prolonged darkness (12 weeks) had increased isorhodopsin levels and electroretinogram a- and b-wave amplitudes. These studies demonstrate that a pathway exists in the eye for the generation of 9-cis-retinal that is independent of RPE65 and light.
DNA STRAND BREAKS OCCURRING DURING APOPTOSIS - THEIR EARLY INSITU DETECTION BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE AND NICK TRANSLATION ASSAYS AND PREVENTION BY SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS (1992)

The appearance of DNA strand breaks during apoptosis was detected in individual cells, in relation to the cell cycle phase, by a novel assay based on labeling 3'-OH termini with biotinylated dUTP using exogenous terminal transferase or DNA polymerase. Apoptosis was induced in HL-60 cells by the DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, and in rat thymocytes by prednisolone. Formation of strand breaks was prevented by the serine protease irreversible inhibitors diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and by the substrates N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) and N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (BTEE). The data indicate that initiation of DNA degradation during apoptosis is preceded by a proteolytic step and suggest that apoptosis starts with activation (e.g. by DNA lesions) of a serine protease which hydrolyses protein(s) associated with the internucleosomal linker DNA sections, thus increasing accessibility of linker DNA to the apoptosis-associated endonuclease.
Feeding Desire (2006)

Editorial| May 01 2006 Feeding Desire darra goldstein darra goldstein Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2006) 6 (2): iii–iv. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.2.iii Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation darra goldstein; Feeding Desire. Gastronomica 1 May 2006; 6 (2): iii–iv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.2.iii Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© 2006 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Regulation and functions of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. (1999)

The protein C pathway plays a critical role in the negative regulation of the blood clotting process. We recently identified an endothelial cell receptor for protein C/activated protein C (APC). The receptor is localized almost exclusively on endothelial cells of large vessels and is present at only trace levels or indeed absent from capillaries in most tissues. Patients with sepsis or lupus erythematosus exhibit elevated levels of plasma EPCR which migrates on gels as a single band and is fully capable of binding protein C/APC. There is no correlation with thrombomodulin levels, probably due to different vascular localizations and/or cellular release mechanisms. To understand the mechanisms by which EPCR plasma levels are elevated, we examined EPCR mRNA expression in a rat endotoxin shock model. The EPCR mRNA gene exhibited an early immediate gene response to endotoxin with the mRNA levels increasing nearly 4 fold in the first 3-6 hrs, before returning toward baseline. Plasma levels of EPCR also rose about 4 fold with little change in tissue EPCR levels. Both processes were markedly attenuated by hirudin suggesting that thrombin was responsible for increases in mRNA and plasma EPCR levels. At the level of mRNA, the induction is mediated by a thrombin response element in the 5' flanking region of the gene. Direct thrombin infusion and cell culture experiments support this contention. On endothelium, thrombin is capable of releasing cell surface EPCR and this process is blocked by the metalloproteinase inhibitor orthophenanthroline. Taken together these studies indicate that elevation in soluble plasma EPCR reflects endothelial cell activation in the larger vessels and is likely to be an indication of local thrombin generation near these vessel surfaces.
Antimalarials. 1. Heterocyclic analogs of N-substituted naphthalenebisoxazines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimalarials. 1. Heterocyclic analogs of N-substituted naphthalenebisoxazinesGurdip S. Bajwa, Kenneth E. Hartman, and Madeleine M. JoullieCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 2, 134–138Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00260a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00260a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts