gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Groupanizer: a Method to Correlate Multi-users Position with Daily Moments (2006)

Groupanizer is an extension of groupware and constitutes a development platform to integrate user-centric information for the benefit of groupware applications. User-centric context is used in a collaborative manner to positively link and reinforce group member idiosyncrasies. In order to do so, monitoring of the user's daily context is essential, and thus, one aspect we aim at integrating is user physical position. We believe that common visited places and trajectories constitute one user-centric element that should be used to bias transactions - namely tasks or scheduling - in groupware. Although physical location could by itself be integrated in a model, we believe that motion behaviors are intrinsically linked to moments of daily life. We define those moments using three context elements - a time period, an activity and the current day. This definition leverages position mapping to include its implicit nature. Essentially, the aim is for our model to ideally reflect a group's ecology, namely relations between multiple users given their current and future locations. This paper defines the ontology, mapping locations and moments among users, and the hidden Markov model used to derive location patterns. Finally, it describes the experimentation phase and its results.
Immunostimulatory Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs Enhance the Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Lymphoma (1997)

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can activate various immune cell subsets, including natural killer cells and macrophages. We evaluated whether the combination of CpG ODN and antitumor monoclonal antibody is effective at preventing tumor growth in an immunocompetent murine lymphoma model. CpG ODN-activated murine splenocytes induced lysis of tumor targets more effectively than unactivated splenocytes. These effector cells were also superior to unactivated splenocytes or cells activated with a control methylated ODN at inducing antibody-mediated lysis of 38C13 murine lymphoma cells. In vivo, CpG ODN alone had no effect on survival of mice inoculated with 38C13 cells. However, a single injection of CpG ODN enhanced the antitumor response to antitumor monoclonal antibody therapy. Ninety percent of mice treated with monoclonal antibody alone developed tumor compared with 20% of mice treated with antibody and CpG ODN. These antitumor effects were less pronounced when treatment consisted of an identical ODN containing methylated CpG dinucleotides. A single dose of CpG ODN appeared to be as effective as multiple doses of interleukin-2 at inhibiting tumor growth when combined with antitumor monoclonal antibody. We conclude that immunostimulatory CpG ODN can enhance antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and warrant further evaluation as potential immunotherapeutic reagents in cancer.
BION ™ system for distributed neural prosthetic interfaces (2001)

We have developed the first in a planned series of neural prosthetic interfaces that allow multichannel systems to be assembled from single-channel micromodules called BIONs (BIOnic Neurons). Multiple BION implants can be injected directly into the sites requiring stimulating or sensing channels, where they receive power and digital commands by inductive coupling to an externally generated radio-frequency magnetic field. This article describes some of the novel technology required to achieve the required microminiaturization, hermeticity, power efficiency and clinical performance. The BION1 implants are now being used to electrically exercise paralyzed and weak muscles to prevent or reverse disuse atrophy. This modular, wireless approach to interfacing with the peripheral nervous system should facilitate the development of progressively more complex systems required to address a growing range of clinical applications, leading ultimately to synthesizing complete voluntary functions such as reach and grasp.
In vitro development of B lymphocytes from long-term cultured precursor cells. (1986)

An in vitro system for the study of B-lymphocyte differentiation from precursor elements has been established. Two separate sets of culture conditions are utilized to control B-lymphocyte precursor growth versus differentiation. The first, modeled after the bone marrow culture system of Dexter and colleagues [Dexter, T. M. & Testa, N. G. (1976) in Methods in Cell Biology, ed. Prescott, D. M. (Academic, New York), Vol. 14, pp. 387-395], allows precursor replication whereas the second set of culture conditions is permissive for differentiation to more mature members of the B-lymphocyte lineage. The shift from one set of conditions to the other allows us to follow the kinetics of this differentiation from precursor cells to pre-B and B lymphocytes over a 5-week period. The resulting population of B-lineage cells synthesizes heterogeneous immunoglobulin molecules as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and has a heterogeneous array of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, suggesting an origin from very early uncommitted precursors. This in vitro system will allow the study of genes that regulate B-lymphocyte differentiation and will aid in the isolation of the cellular intermediates in the B-cell developmental pathway.
Active tremor cancellation by a “Smart” handheld vitreoretinal microsurgical tool using swept source optical coherence tomography (2012)

Microsurgeons require dexterity to make precise and stable maneuvers to achieve surgical objectives and to minimize surgical risks during freehand procedures. This work presents a novel, common path, swept source optical coherence tomography-based "smart" micromanipulation aided robotic-surgical tool (SMART) that actively suppresses surgeon hand tremor. The tool allows enhanced tool tip stabilization, more accurate targeting and the potential to lower surgical risk. Freehand performance is compared to smart tool-assisted performance and includes assessment of the one-dimensional motion tremor in an active microsurgeon's hand. Surgeon hand tremor-the ability to accurately locate a surgical target and maintain tool tip offset distances-were all improved by smart tool assistance.
Reciprocal Regulation of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Proteins in Bipolar Spiral Ganglion Neurons by Neurotrophins (2007)

A unifying principle of sensory system organization is feature extraction by modality-specific neuronal maps in which arrays of neurons show systematically varied response properties and receptive fields. Only beginning to be understood, however, are the mechanisms by which these graded systems are established. In the peripheral auditory system, we have shown previously that the intrinsic firing features of spiral ganglion neurons are influenced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). We now show that is but a part of a coordinated package of neurotrophin actions that also includes effects on presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, thus encompassing the input, transmission, and output functions of the spiral ganglion neurons. Using immunocytochemical methods, we determined that proteins targeted to opposite ends of the neuron were organized and regulated in a reciprocal manner. AMPA receptor subunits GluR2 and GluR3 were enriched in base neurons compared with their apex counterparts. This distribution pattern was enhanced by exposure to BDNF but reduced by NT-3. SNAP-25 and synaptophysin were distributed and regulated in the mirror image: enriched in the apex, enhanced by NT-3 and reduced by BDNF. Moreover, we used a novel coculture to identify potential endogenous sources of neurotrophins by showing that sensory receptors from different cochlear regions were capable of altering presynaptic and postsynaptic protein levels in these neurons. From these studies, we suggest that BDNF and NT-3, which are systematically distributed in complementary gradients, are responsible for orchestrating a comprehensive set of electrophysiological specializations along the frequency contour of the cochlea.
Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in End-Stage Renal Failure (1993)

The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Wechsler Memory Scale--Revised (WMS-R) were administered to a small sample of end-stage renal failure patients. The memory test successfully discriminated between patients who were rated by their nurses to be well adjusted or poorly adjusted to dialysis treatment. It is concluded that this instrument may be useful in investigating cognitive function in this patient population.
Bend compensated large-mode-area fibers: achieving robust single-modedness with transformation optics (2013)

Fibers with symmetric bend compensated claddings are proposed, and demonstrate performance much better than conventional designs. These fibers can simultaneously achieve complete HOM suppression, negligible bend loss, and mode area >1000 square microns. The robust single-modedness of these fibers offers a path to overcoming mode instability limits on high-power amplifiers and lasers. The proposed designs achieve many of the advantages of our previous (asymmetric) bend compensation strategy in the regime of moderately large area, and are much easier to fabricate and utilize.
Systematic identification of small molecule adjuvants (2012)

SMAs, particularly synthetic drug-like adjuvants, are amenable to the plethora of drug-discovery techniques able to optimise the properties of biologically active small molecules. These range from laborious synthetic modifications to modern, rational, effort-efficient computational approaches, such as QSAR and structure-based drug design. In principal, any property or characteristic can thus be designed in or out of compounds, allowing us to tailor SMAs to specific biological functions, such as targeting specific cells or pathways, in turn affording the power to tailor SMAs to better address different diseases.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Respiratory Dyskinesia (1996)

We explored the prevalence of respiratory dyskinesia (RD), diagnosed objectively using a spirograph, and the major risk factors for tardive dyskinesia (TD) and RD. A total of 258 inpatients treated with neuroleptics was interviewed, and TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Movement of the chest and respiratory regularity were assessed on clinical examination. Spirographs of patients with suspected RD were recorded, and RD was diagnosed based on spirographic data and the concurrence of two investigators. The prevalence of TD in this study was 22.1% (57 of 258). Aging and organic brain damage (OBD) were confirmed as risk factors; female gender, mood disorders, and the duration of neuroleptic exposure were not. Ten of 28 patients suspected of having RD were diagnosed with RD on the basis of persistent respiratory irregularities without other physiologic causes. The overall prevalence of RD was 3.9% (10 of 258) and was 17.5% (10 of 57) among the TD patient population. Four of these patients complained of dyspnea, and three demonstrated grunting. RD was more highly associated with aging and OBD than with TD itself. The identification of risk factors for RD is not only helpful in planning prophylactic strategies, but also facilitates the understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Regioselective and regiospecific reactions of ethyl ortho-(dimethylaminovinylazoloazinylcarboxylates with hydrazine (2010)

Selectivity of reactions of ethyl 4-[(E)-2(dimethylamino)vinyl]pyrazolo[5,1-c]-[1,2,4]triazino-3-ylcarboxylates and ethyl 7-[(E)-2-(dimethylamino)vinyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5]pyrimidine-6-ylcarboxylates with hydrazine in various solvents was studied. The formation of a pyridone cycle proceeds regiospecifically in dimethyl formamide or dimethyl acetamide. A regioselective cyclization resulting in fused 1,2-diazepines occurs in acetic or propionic acid.
Overview of the effectiveness of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected adults (2001)

The results suggest that three drug regimens containing two NRTI with a PI, a NNRTI, or a third NRTI may provide comparable activity, and practical issues such as daily pill burden should be considered when choosing a treatment regimen.
Bacterial Hydrolysis of Host Glycoproteins – Powerful Protein Modification and Efficient Nutrient Acquisition (2012)

Glycoproteins are ubiquitous in nature and fundamental to most biological processes, including the human immune system. The glycoprotein carbohydrate moieties, or glycans, are very diverse in their structure and composition, and have major effects on the chemical, physical and biological properties of these glycoproteins. The hydrolysis of glycoprotein glycans by bacterial glycosidases can have dramatic effects on glycoprotein function and, thereby, be beneficial for the bacteria in different ways. This review gives an introduction to the expanding field of extracellular glycosidases from bacterial pathogens with activity on host glycoproteins, describes some known and proposed consequences for the host and the bacteria and discusses some evolutionary and regulatory aspects of bacterial glycosidases.
The IL-6 receptor antagonist SANT-7 overcomes bone marrow stromal cell-mediated drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells (2001)

The bone marrow micro-environment produces a number of different survival factors that are important for the malignant growth and drug resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. One of the main factors reported to be essential for survival and growth of MM cells in some experimental systems is IL-6. Therefore, the development and testing of substances that interfere with IL-6 or IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) function might have therapeutic value for the treatment of MM. We analyzed the effect of the IL-6R antagonist SANT-7 on growth and survival of the IL-6--dependent MM cell lines INA-6 and XG-1 as well as primary MM cells from 7 patients co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In particular, we were interested in whether SANT-7 enhances the growth-inhibitory effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). None of the drugs when tested as a single substance, including SANT-7, induced major growth inhibition if MM cells were co-cultured with primary human BMSCs. However, when Dex and ATRA were given in combination with SANT-7, strong growth inhibition was achieved in cell lines and primary MM cells. This effect was due to cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.
Experimental radioimmunotherapy. A brief overview (1994)

This overview highlights the use of experimental models in selecting monoclonal antibodies and radiolabels with promise for clinical radioimmunotherapy, discusses some of the experimental therapeutic approaches being studies in these models, and reviews some of the limitations of animal models caused by the allometric and other differences between man and mouse. These differences in scale must be considered when attempting to extrapolate animal radioimmunotherapy study data to human trials of radioimmunotherapy. With appropriate recognition of their limitations, experimental models of radioimmunotherapy have proven valuable and will continue to play a critical role as the place to first study innovations in radioimmunotherapy, before extension of the most promising reagents and treatment concepts into clinical therapeutic trials.
Purification of proteins from cell culture supernatants. (1987)

Desired proteins excreted by animal cells usually reach rather low concentrations in the culture supernatant and have to be purified from an excess of serum proteins which are added to the animal cell culture to maintain its viability and/or productivity. Defined media offer among others the advantage of an easier purification procedure. In addition lysis of cells may contribute also to the complexity of the protein mixture encountered. If fetal calf serum or new born calf serum is used in cultivation, bovine serum albumin and globulins will be the most abundant protein in the supernatant. The interaction of albumin especially with hydrophobic proteins represents significant problems for the effective purification of minor constituent. Isolation of a desired protein follows the general scheme: concentration: by precipitation, ultrafiltration, batch adsorption or partition in aqueous phase system; enrichment: by chromatography or partition; high resolution purification: by chromatography and/or immuno adsorption; final concentration and finishing: pyrogen removal, sterilization, formulation. Biochemical engineering aspects of proteins purification are discussed using human interferon-beta produced in a recombinant mouse cell line as an example. The process developed encloses extraction of interferon-beta from the production medium in aqueous two-phase systems and subsequent recovery of interferon-beta from the top phase by high pressure liquid chromatography.
Percutaneous assisted venous return isolated limb perfusion. (2009)

Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a short term therapy used in conjunction with or without hyperthermia to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to localized areas, thus avoiding the severity of side effects caused by systemic administration. The most common treatment approach is hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with increased oxygenation of the chemotherapeutic perfusate for treatment of melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma, or synovial sarcoma. HILP traditionally involves open surgical dissection and direct cannulation. This approach involves significant morbidity including blood loss, infection, and nerve and blood vessel trauma. Isolated limb infusion (ILI) has been proposed as a less invasive procedure to reduce the morbidity and isolation complications of ILP. However, the warming and recirculation rates of ILI are inferior to traditional ILP. We describe a minimally invasive technique of angiographically placed percutaneous cannulae with vacuum assisted return for HILP. The extracorporeal circuit is comprised of a traditional hardshell oxygenator/reservoir and accommodates all acid base management strategies. This technique allows superior circulation of chemotherapeutic agents with minimal morbidities and can be performed on an outpatient or limited stay basis.
Wetting and Self-Cleaning Properties of Artificial Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2005)

The wetting and the self-cleaning properties (the latter is often called the "Lotus-Effect") of three types of superhydrophobic surfaces have been investigated: silicon wafer specimens with different regular arrays of spikes hydrophobized by chemical treatment, replicates of water-repellent leaves of plants, and commercially available metal foils which were additionally hydrophobized by means of a fluorinated agent. Water droplets rolled off easily from those silicon samples which had a microstructure consisting of rather slender spikes with narrow pitches. Such samples could be cleaned almost completely from artificial particulate contaminations by a fog consisting of water droplets (diameter range, 8-20 microm). Some metal foils and some replicates had two levels of roughening. Because of this, a complete removal of all particles was not possible using artificial fog. However, water drops with some amount of kinetic impact energy were able to clean these surfaces perfectly. A substrate where pronounced structures in the range below 5 microm were lacking could not be cleaned by means of fog because this treatment resulted in a continuous water film on the samples.
Tandem Facial Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Stabilization (2010)

We describe a new type of synthetic amphiphile that is intended to support biochemical characterization of intrinsic membrane proteins. Members of this new family displayed favorable behavior with four of five membrane proteins tested, and these amphiphiles formed relatively small micelles.
RF coils, helical resonators and voltage magnification by coherent spatial modes (2002)

By modeling a wire-wound coil as an anisotropically conducting cylindrical boundary, one may start from Maxwell's equations and deduce the structure's resonant behavior. Not only can the propagation factor and characteristic impedance be determined for such a helically disposed surface waveguide, but also its resonances, "self-capacitance" (so-called), and its voltage magnification by standing waves. Further, the Tesla coil passes to a conventional lumped element inductor as the helix is electrically shortened.
Botulinum toxin A improves involuntary limb movements in Rasmussen syndrome (2004)

Rasmussen syndrome (RS) is a focal, progressive, cortical inflammation affecting one cerebral hemisphere that usually presents with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) that is resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The encephalitis is often associated with ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and basal ganglia atrophy.1 Patients can develop involuntary movements, including myoclonus, dystonia, and athetosis, usually in association with EPC.2 The encephalitis is probably autoimmune mediated, although the pathogenesis of the atrophy is unknown.3 We report a man with established RS who developed EPC and painful dystonia that improved with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A).

We described previously this 43-year-old, left-handed man.4 He sought treatment in 1989 for EPC followed by neurologic and cognitive deficits. The following therapies had no sustained effect: multiple AEDs, right corticectomy in 1990, infusions of sodium valproate or benzodiazepines into the corticectomy cavity in 1994, and right frontoparietal subcortical transection in 1995. Immunomodulatory therapy started in 1996, and his condition improved, although he continued to have intermittent bouts of left upper limb myoclonic jerking.4

He was stable until 2002 …
Theory of Friction between Neutral Polymer Brushes (2007)

A type of static friction between two polymer brush coated surfaces resulting from fluctuations from mean-field theory is found, but with creeplike motion for forces below the force of static friction, which is much more rapid than the usual creep between solid surfaces in contact. At sufficiently light loads, it is shown that polymer brush coated surfaces can slide, with the load supported entirely by osmotic pressure, and thus exhibit no static friction and only extremely weak viscous kinetic friction.
GTP Binding by Class II Transactivator: Role in Nuclear Import (1999)

Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a global transcriptional coactivator of human leukocyte antigen-D (HLA-D) genes. CIITA contains motifs similar to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. This report shows that CIITA binds GTP, and mutations in these motifs decrease its GTP-binding and transactivation activity. Substitution of these motifs with analogous sequences from Ras restores CIITA function. CIITA exhibits little GTPase activity, yet mutations in CIITA that confer GTPase activity reduce transcriptional activity. GTP binding by CIITA correlates with nuclear import. Thus, unlike other GTP-binding proteins, CIITA is involved in transcriptional activation that uses GTP binding to facilitate its own nuclear import.