gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of fluorescence lifetime and quenching of FITC-conjugated antibodies on cells by phase-sensitive flow cytometry (1996)

Fluorescent antibodies are often used to measure the number of receptor sites on cells. The quantitative estimate of the number of receptor sites using this procedure assumes that the fluorescence intensity on a cell is proportional to the number of bound antibodies. Quenching may invalidate this assumption. For many fluorophores, intermolecular interactions and energy transfer between molecules in close proximity to one another results in self-quenching. This effect can occur in antibody probes with a high fluorochrome to protein (F/P) ratio. It can also occur due to close proximity antibodies relative to one another on a highly labeled cell surface. Since self-quenching is accompanied by a change in the fluorescence decay and a decrease in the fluorescence lifetime, it may be conveniently identified using fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy. In this paper we apply the phase-sensitive detection method to investigate the impact of self-quenching on fluorescence lifetimes by flow cytometry, using a model system consisting of FITC conjugated anti-mouse Thy1.2 antibodies bound to murine thymus cells. We show that in addition to the expected variation of lifetimes as a function of F/P ratio of the probes, the fluorescence lifetime diminishes also as a function of antibody labeling concentration on the cell surface. This is consistent with self-quenching effects expected at high densities of FITC molecules.
Improved nearest neighbor based approach to accurate document skew estimation (2004)

The nearest-neighbor based document skew detection methods do not require the presence of a predominant text area, and are not subject to skew angle limitation. However, the accuracy of these methods is not perfect in general. In this paper, we present an improved nearest-neighbor based approach to perform accurate document skew estimation. Size restriction is introduced to the detection of nearest-neighbor pairs. Then the chains with a largest possible number of nearest-neighbor pairs are selected, and their slopes are computed to give the skew angle of document image. Experimental results on various types of documents containing different linguistic scripts and diverse layouts show that the proposed approach has achieved an improved accuracy for estimating document image skew angle and has an advantage of being language independent.
Controlling genes with tetracyclines (1999)

the Zentrum fu r Molekulare Biologie der Universita t Heidelberg (ZMBH), and
Selection of hyperfunctional siRNAs with improved potency and specificity (2009)

One critical step in RNA interference (RNAi) experiments is to design small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that can greatly reduce the expression of the target transcripts, but not of other unintended targets. Although various statistical and computational approaches have been attempted, this remains a challenge facing RNAi researchers. Here, we present a new experimentally validated method for siRNA design. By analyzing public siRNA data and focusing on hyperfunctional siRNAs, we identified a set of sequence features as potency selection criteria to build an siRNA design algorithm with support vector machines. Additional bioinformatics filters were also included in the algorithm to increase RNAi specificity by reducing potential sequence cross-hybridization or microRNA-like effects. Independent validation experiments were performed, which indicated that the newly designed siRNAs have significantly improved performance, and worked effectively even at low concentrations. Furthermore, our cell-based studies demonstrated that the siRNA off-target effects were significantly reduced when the siRNAs were delivered into cells at the 3 nM concentration compared to 30 nM. Thus, the capability of our new design program to select highly potent siRNAs also renders increased RNAi specificity because these siRNAs can be used at a much lower concentration. The siRNA design web server is available at http://www5.appliedbiosystems.com/tools/siDesign/.
Gene expressions and copy numbers associated with metastatic phenotypes of uterine cervical cancer (2006)

Gene expressions associated with known metastatic phenotypes of cervical cancers were identified. Our findings may indicate molecular mechanisms underlying development of these phenotypes and be useful as markers of cancer spread. Gains or losses of the genes may be involved in development of the metastatic phenotypes in some cases, but other mechanisms for transcriptional regulation are probably important in the majority of tumors.
Preclinical Pharmacology of AL-12182, a New Ocular Hypotensive 11-Oxa Prostaglandin Analog (2006)

AL-12180 is a relatively potent and selective FP-receptor agonist whose isopropyl ester prodrug (AL-12182) lowers IOP by as much as 40% following topical ocular dosing in a laser-induced nonhuman primate model of ocular hypertension.
Cytoprotective Effect of Arginine Deiminase on Taxol-induced Apoptosis in DU145 Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2000)

We purified and partially sequenced a cytostatic protein from the ASC-17D Sertoli cell-conditioned media (rSCCM) showing a molecular weight of 90 kDa with homodimeric composition. N-terminal amino acid analysis revealed that the protein was homologous to the arginine deiminase (ADI) of Mycoplasma arginini. We found ADI enzyme activity in rSCCM and the abolishment of the growth inhibitory effect by the supplement of L-arginine. Thus, we confirmed that the cytostatic activity in rSCCM was due to the depletion of extracellular L-arginine by ADI. Apparent increase of cell death or DNA fragmentation was not observed in DU145 cells cultured in the presence of ADI. Incubation of DU145 cancer cells with taxol resulted in a marked DNA fragmentation, whereas pretreatment with ADI or cycloheximide protected the cells from taxol-induced apoptosis. Preincubation of the cells with ADI inhibited S35-methionine incorporation into protein synthesis in a dose dependent manner. These data suggest that ADI-induced arginine depletion may inhibit protein synthesis, and result in the protection of apoptotic cell death that requires new protein synthesis.
Brief refeeding rapidly reverses dietary restriction‐induced nuclear factor‐kappaB downregulation in peritoneal resident cells (2003)

The blunted NFkappaB activity in PRCs, after exposure to inflammatory stimuli, was restored after 1 day of refeeding, with increased accumulation of NFkappaB in the cytoplasm. Even brief nutritional replenishment in malnutrition may improve host defense by restoring NFkappaB activity and thereby improving macrophage functions.
Neuroprotection With Prolonged Head Cooling Started Before Postischemic Seizures in Fetal Sheep (1998)

Delayed selective head cooling begun before the onset of postischemic seizures and continued for 3 days may have potential to significantly improve the outcome of moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
The use of rituximab in newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term steroid saving capacity and clinical effectiveness (2017)

Early treatment of patients with SLE with BCDT is safe, effective and enables a reduction in steroid use.
A fruitful decade from 2005 to 2014 for anthraquinone patents (2015)

The tricyclic planar ring system of anthraquinones displays a wide range of important pharmaceutical properties. By linking active anthraquinone analogs to other important pharmacophores or conjugates such as oximes, N-heterocycles, benzodiazepines or glycosyl ethers, their anticancer potential is enhanced. The ability of anthraquinone analogs to become more prominent as novel pharmaceutical agents may further be enhanced by fusing functionalized heterocyclic rings onto established anthraquinone cores.
A new technique of noise reduction for large aspect magnetoresistors (1994)

A large aspect (width to thickness ratio) magnetoresistive sensor operated with an alternating transverse biasing is characterized by high sensitivity and reduced temperature drift. However, it has little demagnetizing anisotropy to maintain a single domain state so noisy behavior often results. A constant longitudinal field can be used to reduce this noise but at the expense of reduced sensitivity. A new unipolar a.c. longitudinal biasing technique is presented which allows the full sensitivity to be achieved whilst significantly reducing magnetic noise and hysteresis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spinal Pedicle Fixation (1993)

Although many advances in the technique of pedicle screw insertion have been made, there still exist unacceptable rates of perforations through the pedicle cortex. Successful placement of a pedicle screw requires accurate identification of the entry point, correct transverse and sagittal plane angulation, safe preparation of a pilot hole, and appropriate depth of insertion. The authors propose that a technique of pedicle screw insertion using posteroanterior image intensification angled in the axis of the pedicle to define the entry point and guide insertion would improve the accuracy of this procedure. This study tests the accuracy of pedicle screw placement using this technique. Ninety pedicle screws were placed in human cadaveric lumbar spines. All specimens were then dissected and split longitudinally to assess accuracy of pedicle insertion by both visual and palpatory means. Five of 90 (5.5%) pedicle screws were found to have perforated the pedicle. Three of these were at L1, two of which were due to the transverse pedicle diameter being smaller than the screw diameter. Therefore, a 3.4% incidence of pedicle perforation due to malpositioning and a 2.1% incidence of pedicle perforation secondary to pedicle/screw size discrepancy was determined. This technique may lead to significant improvements over recently reported rates of pedicle screw perforations; however, this in vitro condition eliminated many potentially complicating factors that might be encountered in the clinical setting.
Highly activated and expanded natural killer cells for multiple myeloma immunotherapy (2012)

These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans.
Optimization of a Novel Binding Motif to (E)-3-(3,5-Difluoro-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylic Acid (AZD9496), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator and Antagonist (2015)

The discovery of an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) with equivalent potency and preclinical pharmacology to the intramuscular SERD fulvestrant is described. A directed screen identified the 1-aryl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole motif as a novel, druglike ER ligand. Aided by crystal structures of novel ligands bound to an ER construct, medicinal chemistry iterations led to (E)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (30b, AZD9496), a clinical candidate with high oral bioavailability across preclinical species that is currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2004)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, but devastating and life-threatening disease, with a profoundly poor prognosis and high mortality. &lt;EM&gt;Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension&lt;/EM&gt; enhances the overall 'PAH awareness' of the wider clinical community and outlines the need for screening, effective diagnosis and beneficial treatment.
Structure–activity and High‐content Imaging Analyses of Novel Tubulysins (2007)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of three tubulysin analogs provides the first structure-activity relationship in this family of potent cytotoxic myxobacteria metabolites. Most importantly, the labile N,O-acetal at N(14) is not essential for biological activity. Further, structural simplifications are possible without abolishing biological activities. The N-terminal amino acid can be replaced with N-methylsarcosine, and the configuration at the acetoxy-bearing stereocenter at C(11) is important but not critical for almost all aspects of the biological profile. Our data encourage further development of these compounds as potential therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
Retinoid X receptor ligands: a patent review (2007 – 2013) (2014)

RXR agonists show a wide variety of biological effects. However, they cause serious side effects, such as blood triglyceride elevation, hypothyroidism and others. Thus, for clinical application of RXR agonists, abrogation of these side effects is required. RXR heterodimer-selective agonists and RXR partial agonists exhibiting desired effects without side effects are expected to find clinical application.
Multiple description coding: compression meets the network (2001)

This article focuses on the compressed representations of pictures. The representation does not affect how many bits get from the Web server to the laptop, but it determines the usefulness of the bits that arrive. Many different representations are possible, and there is more involved in their choice than merely selecting a compression ratio. The techniques presented represent a single information source with several chunks of data ("descriptions") so that the source can be approximated from any subset of the chunks. By allowing image reconstruction to continue even after a packet is lost, this type of representation can prevent a Web browser from becoming dormant.
Friedelâ€“Crafts acylation reactions using metal triflates in ionic liquid (2002)

Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions such as benzoylation and acetylation catalysed by metal triflates have been conducted in an ionic liquid, [bmim][BF4] (bmim = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium). Cu(OTf)2 (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) was found to be the most efficient catalyst used, affording quantitative conversion of benzoyl chloride and anisole to methoxybenzophenone within 1 h and with an ortho/para product ratio (o/p) of 4/96. The same reaction performed in the molecular solvents CH3CN and CH2ClCH2Cl gave lower 1 h conversions of 64 and 73%, respectively, and a reduced o/p regioselectivity of 7/93 in both cases. The scope and limitations of the reaction and recyclability of the ionic liquid/catalyst system are presented.
Crystal Structure of Bacillus subtilis α-Amylase in Complex with Acarbose (2003)

The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase, in complex with the pseudotetrasaccharide inhibitor acarbose, revealed an hexasaccharide in the active site as a result of transglycosylation. After comparison with the known structure of the catalytic-site mutant complexed with the native substrate maltopentaose, it is suggested that the present structure represents a mimic intermediate in the initial stage of the catalytic process.
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (2021)

The nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), is Food and Dug Administration approved for treatment of two drug-resistant epileptic disorders and is seeing increased use among the general public, yet the mechanisms that underlie its therapeutic effects and side-effect profiles remain unclear. Here, we report a systems-level analysis of CBD action in human cell lines using temporal multiomic profiling. FRET-based biosensor screening revealed that CBD elicits a sharp rise in cytosolic calcium, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human keratinocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines. CBD treatment leads to alterations in the abundance of metabolites, mRNA transcripts, and proteins associated with activation of cholesterol biosynthesis, transport, and storage. We found that CBD rapidly incorporates into cellular membranes, alters cholesterol accessibility, and disrupts cholesterol-dependent membrane properties. Sustained treatment with high concentrations of CBD induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. CBD-induced apoptosis is rescued by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and potentiated by compounds that disrupt cholesterol trafficking and storage. Our data point to a pharmacological interaction of CBD with cholesterol homeostasis pathways, with potential implications in its therapeutic use.
Therapeutic Potential of Small Interfering RNA for Central Nervous System Diseases (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) that has sequence homology to small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). It is believed that the normal biological function of RNAi is to protect the host cells from RNA viruses and transposons, which can jeopardize the genome. Production of dsRNA in the host cell signals a series of events that ultimately results in the degradation of complementary mRNA. Recently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been used to study the function and significance of a vast number of genes in a variety of cell types. In the future, siRNA may have tremendous potential as gene-specific therapeutic agents for the treatment of many diseases. We discuss the potential role of siRNA as a novel therapeutic strategy for several central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
Effects of a modified-live virus vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in boars (1997)

Extra-label use of the PRRSV vaccine in boars remains controversial because some boars may still shed wild-type virus in semen after challenge exposure at postvaccination day 50. Semen quality also appeared to be altered after vaccination and subsequent challenge exposure.
Array Designs for Long-Distance Wireless Power Transmission: State-of-the-Art and Innovative Solutions (2013)

The concept of long-range wireless power transmission (WPT) has been formulated shortly after the invention of high power microwave amplifiers. The promise of WPT, energy transfer over large distances without the need to deploy a wired electrical network, led to the development of landmark successful experiments, and provided the incentive for further research to increase the performances, efficiency, and robustness of these technological solutions. In this framework, the key-role and challenges in designing transmitting and receiving antenna arrays able to guarantee high-efficiency power transfer and cost-effective deployment for the WPT system has been soon acknowledged. Nevertheless, owing to its intrinsic complexity, the design of WPT arrays is still an open research field whose importance is growing as the possibility to transfer energy by means of electromagnetic waves gathers more and more interest from the applicative viewpoint. This paper is aimed at reviewing the array design approaches proposed in the state of the art for long-range wireless power transmission, highlighting the latest advances and innovative solutions as well as envisaging possible future trends of the research in this area.
Alternative Triggering Molecules and Single Chain Bispecific Antibodies (1995)

Although T cell receptors and Fc receptors are the best known cytotoxic triggering molecules, a number of adhesion molecules recently have been identified as alternative triggering molecules. We discuss how CD44, an adhesion molecule found on all leukocytes and many other cell types, becomes a triggering molecule on NK cells following stimulation with IL-2. We also describe a genetically engineered single chain bispecific antibody, produced in mammalian cells and in bacteria, that is capable of redirecting lysis in the nanogram per milliliter range.
CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR (CXCR4) mRNA-EXPRESSING LEUKOCYTES ARE INCREASED IN HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION1 (1998)

We demonstrate the involvement of CXCR4 mRNA-expressing infiltrating cells in human renal interstitial and vascular allograft rejection. Signaling via the CXCR4 receptor may be one mechanism by which chemokines mediate leukocyte trafficking in renal allograft rejection.
Design Method and Material Technologies for Passives in Printed Circuit Board Embedded Circuits (2005)

The integration of passive components into the printed circuit board (PCB) as embedded passives integrated circuits (emPIC) results in a higher power density of power converters. To achieve a highly automated, low cost, integral manufacturing, the devices are constructed layer wise. Materials and processes necessary for the manufacturing of such circuits are described in this publication. Especially for magnetic components like inductors and transformers the design of such thin components is challenge. Because of the high aspect ratio, traditionally used models lead to a high calculation effort or use nonappropriate approximations. This contribution presents an analytic approach for the design. The model considers the magnetic flux distribution in the core and in the winding area and therefore allows a precise calculation of the inductivity as well as the losses in the device and their distribution. It is very well suited for a parametric analysis and thus for the synthesis of thin planar magnetic components. Material technologies for the construction of the capacitive layers and the magnetic cores are investigated. A ferrite polymer compound is adapted to be compatible with the PCB laminating process. Accordingly a 60-W offline converter was designed and fabricated using the new technology. Its transformer is entirely integrated in the PCB as well as 11 capacitors. Standard PCB lamination processes are used for the layerwise integration of the components. The circuit needs an area of the size of a credit card with a PCB thickness of 4 mm. Up to 82% efficiency could be demonstrated.
Immunosuppressive Actions of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: Preferential Inhibition of Th1 Functions (1995)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-D3] is known to be an immunosuppressive hormone. This review primarily deals with in vitro and in vivo effects of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and analogue, 1,25-dihydroxy-16ene-vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-16ene-D3], on T helper subsets type 1 (Th1) or type 2 (Th2) that have distinctive functional characteristics in humans. Th1 secrete interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL-2) and induce B cells to produce immunoglobulin IgG2a while Th2 secrete IL-4, IL-10 and induce the production of IgG1 and IgE by B cells. The sterol inhibits the secretion of IL-12, a cytokine produced by monocytes and B cells, which leads to the activation and differentiation of Th1. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 directly inhibits IFN-gamma secretion by Th1 clones while it has little effect on IL-4 secretion by Th2 clones. The analogue, 1,25-(OH)2-16ene-D3, is 100-fold more potent than 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in inhibiting IFN-gamma secretion but also has little effect on IL-4 secretion. In mice, when given in vivo, the sterol prevents the induction of spontaneous and induced autoimmune diseases and inhibits Th1 induce IgG2a responses. These actions of the vitamin D3 compounds suggest that it may have potential therapeutic applications in Th1-mediated clinical situations such as autoimmunity and transplantation.