gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometry Effect on the Strain-Induced Self-Rolling of Semiconductor Membranes (2010)

Semiconductor micro- and nanotubes can be formed by strain-induced self-rolling of membranes. The effect of geometrical dimensions on the self-rolling behavior of epitaxial mismatch-strained In(x)Ga(1-x)As-GaAs membranes are systematically studied both experimentally and theoretically using the finite element method. The final rolling direction depends on the length and width of the membrane as well as the diameter of the rolled-up tube. The energetics of the final states, the history of rolling process, and the kinetic control of the etching anisotropy ultimately determine the rolling behavior. Results reported here provide critical information for precise positioning and uniform large area assembly of semiconducting micro- and nanotubes for applications in photonics, microelectromechanical systems, etc.
Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK (2011)

The echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene represents a molecular target in a small subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). This fusion leads to constitutive ALK activation with potent transforming activity. In a pivotal phase 1 clinical trial, the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib (PF-02341066) demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in the majority of patients with NSCLC harboring ALK fusions. However, despite these remarkable initial responses, cancers eventually develop resistance to crizotinib, usually within 1 y, thereby limiting the potential clinical benefit. To determine how cancers acquire resistance to ALK inhibitors, we established a model of acquired resistance to crizotinib by exposing a highly sensitive EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC cell line to increasing doses of crizotinib until resistance emerged. We found that cells resistant to intermediate doses of crizotinib developed amplification of the EML4-ALK gene. Cells resistant to higher doses (1 μM) also developed a gatekeeper mutation, L1196M, within the kinase domain, rendering EML4-ALK insensitive to crizotinib. This gatekeeper mutation was readily detected using a unique and highly sensitive allele-specific PCR assay. Although crizotinib was ineffectual against EML4-ALK harboring the gatekeeper mutation, we observed that two structurally different ALK inhibitors, NVP-TAE684 and AP26113, were highly active against the resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these resistant cells remained highly sensitive to the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG. Thus, we have developed a model of acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors and have shown that second-generation ALK TKIs or Hsp90 inhibitors are effective in treating crizotinib-resistant tumors harboring secondary gatekeeper mutations.
Anchoring of Liquid Crystals on Surface-Initiated Polymeric Brushes (2002)

Brushes of poly(ε-caprolactone) are grown by ring-opening polymerization from initiators immobilized on gold surfaces with nanometer-scale topography. Control of the thicknesses of the brushes can be exploited to tune the effect of the underlying nanometer-scale topography on the orientations of supported liquid crystals. Patterned brushes are prepared and imaged by using liquid crystals; thin brushes have an uniform optical texture (graphic, above) but over a critical thickness the anchoring becomes nonuniform (below).
Bacterial Population Development and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Decomposition in a Simulated Sanitary Landfill (1989)

Population development of key groups of bacteria involved in municipal refuse conversion to methane was measured from the time of initial incubation through the onset of methane production. Hemicellulolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogens, and acetate- and H(2)-plus-CO(2)-utilizing methanogens were enumerated by the most-probable-number technique with media containing oat spelt xylan, ball-milled cellulose, butyrate, acetate, and H(2) plus CO(2), respectively. Refuse decomposition was monitored in multiple replicate laboratory-scale sanitary landfills. A laboratory-scale landfill was dismantled weekly for microbial and chemical analysis. Leachate was neutralized and recycled to ensure methanogenesis. The methane concentration of the sampled containers increased to 64% by day 69, at which time the maximum methane production rate, 929 liters of CH(4) per dry kg-year, was measured. Population increases of 2, 4, 5, 5, and 6 orders of magnitude were measured between fresh refuse and the methane production phase for the hemicellulolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, butyrate-catabolizing acetogens, and acetate- and H(2)-CO(2)-utilizing methanogens, respectively. The cellulolytic bacteria and acetogens increased more slowly than the methanogens and only after the onset of methane production. The initial decrease in the pH of the refuse ecosystem from 7.5 to 5.7 was attributed to the accumulation of acidic end products of sugar fermentation, to the low acid-consuming activity of the acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria, and to levels of oxygen and nitrate in the fresh refuse sufficient for oxidation of only 8% of the sugars to carbon dioxide and water. Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition was most rapid after establishment of the methanogenic and acetogenic populations and a reduction in the initial accumulation of carboxylic acids. A total of 72% of these carbohydrates were degraded in the container sampled after 111 days. Initially acetate utilization, but ultimately polymer hydrolysis, limited the rate of refuse conversion to methane. Microbial and chemical composition data were combined to formulate an updated description of refuse decomposition in four phases: an aerobic phase, an anaerobic acid phase, an accelerated methane production phase, and a decelerated methane production phase.
Disruption of the Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Gene in Mice Causes Placental Thrombosis and Early Embryonic Lethality (2002)

The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is a type 1 transmembrane protein found primarily on endothelium that binds both protein C and activated protein C with similar affinity. EPCR augments the activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. To determine the physiological importance of EPCR, we generated EPCR-deficient mice by homologous targeting in embryonic stem cells. Genotyping of progeny obtained from EPCR(+/-) interbreeding indicated that EPCR(-/-) embryos died on or before embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Reverse transcriptase-PCR confirmed the absence of EPCR mRNA in EPCR(-/-) embryos. EPCR(-/-) embryos removed from extra-embryonic membranes and tissues at day E7.5 and cultured in vitro developed beyond E10.5, suggesting a role for EPCR in the normal function of the placenta and/or at the materno-embryonic interface. Immunohistochemistry revealed the lack of EPCR in trophoblast giant cells of EPCR(-/-) embryos. These cells, which normally express EPCR, are in direct contact with the maternal circulation and its clotting factors. In EPCR(-/-) embryos, greatly increased fibrin deposition was detected around these cells. To prevent this fibrin deposition, EPCR(+/-)-crossed female mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin through pregnancy. Although some EPCR(-/-) embryos were rescued from midgestational lethality, this regimen yielded no EPCR(-/-) pups. We conclude that EPCR is essential for normal embryonic development. Moreover, EPCR plays a key role in preventing thrombosis at the maternal-embryonic interface.
Cardiac Sensing Exploiting an Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Sensing System (2020)

In this paper, we present a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) Terahertz (THz) sensing system for cardiac monitoring and we extract cardiac pulse information from various peripheral body parts by analyzing heartbeat-related skin motions and body motions. Using our system, we demonstrate improved cardiac measurement performance by exploiting unique THz spectral features, narrow focused beam, large signaling bandwidth and superior phase sensitivity, compared to previous results on cardiac measurement. Additionally, we conduct correlation based analysis and show that the Terahertz pulse measure is highly correlated with the contact pulse reference. We compare the estimated heart rates against the reference rates to show accuracy.
Automated cluster-based Web service performance tuning (2004)

Active harmony provides a way to automate performance tuning. We apply the Active Harmony system to improve the performance of a cluster-based web service system. The performance improvement cannot easily be achieved by tuning individual components for such a system. The experimental results show that there is no single configuration for the system that performs well for all kinds of workloads. By tuning the parameters, Active Harmony helps the system adapt to different workloads and improve the performance up to 16%. For scalability, we demonstrate how to reduce the time when tuning a large system with many tunable parameters. Finally an algorithm is proposed to automatically adjust the structure of cluster-based web systems, and the system throughput is improved up to 70% using this technique.
Validation of green‐solvent extraction combined with chromatographic chemical fingerprint to evaluate quality of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (2009)

An approach that combined green-solvent methods of extraction with chromatographic chemical fingerprint and pattern recognition tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the quality of medicinal plants. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were used and their extraction efficiencies to extract two bioactive compounds, namely stevioside (SV) and rebaudioside A (RA), from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SB) under different cultivation conditions were compared. The proposed methods showed that SV and RA could be extracted from SB using pure water under optimized conditions. The extraction efficiency of the methods was observed to be higher or comparable to heating under reflux with water. The method precision (RSD, n = 6) was found to vary from 1.91 to 2.86% for the two different methods on different days. Compared to PHWE, MAE has higher extraction efficiency with shorter extraction time. MAE was also found to extract more chemical constituents and provide distinctive chemical fingerprints for quality control purposes. Thus, a combination of MAE with chromatographic chemical fingerprints and PCA provided a simple and rapid approach for the comparison and classification of medicinal plants from different growth conditions. Hence, the current work highlighted the importance of extraction method in chemical fingerprinting for the classification of medicinal plants from different cultivation conditions with the aid of pattern recognition tools used.
Solution phase combinatorial chemistry. (1998)

Combinatorial chemistry and parallel array synthesis techniques are now used extensively in the drug discovery process. Although published literature has been dominated by solid phase chemistry approaches, the use of solution phase techniques has also been widely explored. This review considers the advantages and disadvantages of choosing solution phase approaches in the various stages of drug discovery and optimisation, and assesses the practical issues related to these approaches. The uses of standard solution chemistry, the related liquid phase approach, and of supported materials to enhance solution phase chemistry are all illustrated by a comprehensive review of the published literature over the past three years.
Predictions for oxygen supply control to enhance population stability of engineered production strains (1994)

The simultaneous growth and product formation in a microbial culture is an important feature of several laboratory, industrial, and environmental bioprocesses. Metabolic burden associated with product formation in these bioprocesses may lead to growth advantage of a nonproducing mutant leading to a loss of the producing population over time. A simple population dynamics model demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of population stability to the engineered productivity of a strain. Here we use flux balance analysis to estimate the effects of the metabolic burden associated with product secretion on optimal growth rates. Comparing the optimal growth rates of the producing and nonproducing strains under a given processing condition allows us to predict the population stability. In order to increase stability of an engineered strain, we determine processing conditions that simultaneously maximize the growth rate of the producing population while minimizing the growth rate of a nonproducing population. Using valine, tryptophan, and lysine production as specific examples, we demonstrate that although an appropriate choice of oxygenation may increase culture longevity more than twofold, total production as governed by economic criterion can be increased by several orders of magnitude. Choice of optimal nutrient and oxygen supply rates to enhance stability is important both for strain screening as well as for culture of engineered strains. Appropriate design of the culture environment can thus be used to enhance the productivity of bioprocesses that use engineered production strains. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An experimental evaluation of view-based 2D/3D indexing methods (2010)

This paper proposes an experimental evaluation of state of the art 2D/3D, view-based indexing methods. The principle of 2D/3D indexing methods consists of describing 3D models by means of a set of 2D shape descriptors, associated with a set of corresponding 2D views (under the assumption of a given projection model). Several experiments were conduced in order to examine the influence of the number of views and of the associated viewing angle selection strategies on the retrieval results. Experiments concern both 3D model retrieval and image recognition from a single view. Three 2D shape descriptors were tested in order to determine which of them is the most suited for such approaches. Results obtained show promising performances, with recognition rates from a single view higher than 80%, which opens interesting perspectives in terms of semantic metadata extraction from still images/videos.
A Novel Synthetic Route toN 6-Methyl-L-Iysine andN 5-Methyl-L-ornithine viaN 3-Protected (S)-3-Aminolactams (1991)

(S)-3-Phthalimido- or (S)-3-tritylaminolactams, prepared from L-lysine and L-ornithine in two or three steps, are easily methylated at the endocyclic nitrogen atom by iodomethane/silver(I) oxide in dimethylformamide. Acid hydrolysis of the N-methylated lactams thus obtained affords N6-methyl-L-lysine and N5-methyl-L-ornithine hydrochlorides in high yield.
The Pharmacology of LSD: A critical review (2010)

1. Foreword by Leslie Iversen 2. Pharmacological and toxicological effects 3. Interactions of LSD 4. Psychological Effects 5. Neuropsychological effects 6. Effects of LSD on psychiatric patients 7. Long-term and untoward effects of LSD use
British anti-lewisite (1946)

Research Article| January 01 1946 British anti-lewisite: 3. Arsenic and thiol excretion in animals after treatment of lewisite burns L. A. Stocken; L. A. Stocken 1Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. H. S. Thompson R. H. S. Thompson 1Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1946) 40 (4): 548–554. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400548 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation L. A. Stocken, R. H. S. Thompson; British anti-lewisite: 3. Arsenic and thiol excretion in animals after treatment of lewisite burns. Biochem J 1 January 1946; 40 (4): 548–554. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400548 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1946 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1946 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ionically high conductive solid electrolytes composed of graft copolymer-lithium salt hybrids (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonically high conductive solid electrolytes composed of graft copolymer-lithium salt hybridsNorihisa Kobayashi, Masahiro Uchiyama, Kiyotaka Shigehara, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 6, 987–991Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100252a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100252a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Advances in protein solubilisation for two-dimensional electrophoresis (1999)

Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis remains the highest resolution technique for protein separation and is the method of choice when complex samples need to be arrayed for characterisation, as in proteomics. However, in current proteome projects the total number of proteins identified from 2-D gels is often only a small percentage of the predicted proteome. In addition, there is an almost complete lack of hydrophobic proteins on 2-D gels, especially those using immobilised pH gradients. Recently there have been a number of publications reporting reagents which improve protein solubilisation prior to isoelectric focusing. The improved solubilization possible with these reagents has increased the total number of proteins able to be visualised on 2-D gels and also allowed the separation of hydrophobic proteins, such as integral membrane proteins.
Authorization and attribute certificates for widely distributed access control (2002)

The authors describe a system whose purpose is to explore the use of certificates for the distributed management of access rights for resources that have multiple, independent, and geographically dispersed stakeholders. The stakeholders assert their use-conditions in authorization certificates and designate those trusted to attest to the corresponding attributes. These use-conditions implicitly define access groups through their requirement for certain attributes. All use-conditions must be satisfied simultaneously, so the actual access group is the intersection of all of the groups. A policy engine collects the use-condition certificates and attribute certificates when a user attempts to access a particular resource. If all of the use-conditions are met, a capability is generated for the resource. The policy engine can provide several different policy models depending on whether any relationship is established among the use-conditions. The system architecture and implementation is described, together with some of the identified strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities.
The Measurement of Thermal Radiation at Microwave Frequencies (1946)

The connection between Johnson noise and blackbody radiation is discussed, using a simple thermodynamic model. A microwave radiometer is described together with its theory of operation. The experimentally measured root mean square fluctuation of the output meter of a microwave radiometer (0.4°C) compares favorably with a theoretical value of 0.46°C. With an r-f band width of 16 mc/sec., the 0.4°C corresponds to a minimum detectable power of 10−16 watt. The method of calibrating using a variable temperature resistive load is described.
Dynamics of cavitation bubble induced by 193 nm ArF excimer laser in concentrated sodium chloride solutions (1996)

Cavitation bubbles were generated by the 193 nm argon fluoride excimer laser delivered with a specially designed tip into absorbing NaCl solution. The dynamics of bubble formation and collapse have been studied using fast flash photomicrography. The bubble dimensions were measured at different time delays as a function of the tip exit diameter, the energy fluence of the laser, and the NaCl concentration. The dynamics of the cavitation bubble created on the tip is compared with the well-studied dynamics of bubbles resulting from dielectric breakdown near a boundary.
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Anorganic Bovine Bone (Bio-Oss) and Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Ostim) in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation (2014)

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) in comparison with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Ostim) in sinus floor augmentation. Methods. Ten patients aged 40-80 were selected. All the patients needed sinus floor augmentation due to insufficient bone for simultaneous implant placement. The patients underwent panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) prior to surgical procedure. After lifting the sinus membrane, Bio-Oss and Ostim are randomly grafted at one of the two sides. Biopsies were obtained from areas identified 5 months after the surgery and before implant placement and then were prepared for histological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test for comparison of histological and radiological parameters between the two groups. Results. Histological findings revealed a significant increase in percentages of new bone in the Ostim group (P = 0.015). Furthermore, new bone density was greater with Ostim compared to Bio-Oss (P = 0.038); however, the difference in height increase after surgery did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.191). Conclusion. Despite the limitations of this trial, Ostim and Bio-Oss are useful biomaterials in sinus augmentation and Ostim seems to be even more effective in new bone formation.