gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strata slicing; Part II, Real 3-D seismic data (1998)

Abstract Three-dimensional seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico Tertiary section show a close dependence of seismic events on data frequency. While some events remain frequency independent, many events exhibit different occurrences with changing frequency and, therefore, are not parallel to geologic time surfaces. In the data set we have studied, observed maximum time transgression of seismic events is at least 120 ms traveltime on lower frequency sections. Severe interference in lower frequency data may produce false seismic facies characteristics and obscure the true stratigraphic relationships. This phenomenon has important implications for seismic interpretation, particularly for sequence stratigraphic studies. This time transgression problem is mitigated to a large degree by the stratal slicing technique discussed in Part I of this paper. Stratal slicing on a workstation is done by first tracking frequency-independent, geologic-time-equivalent reference seismic events, then building a stratal time model and an amplitude stratal slice volume on the basis of linear interpolation functions between references. The new volumes have an x-, y-coordinate system the same as the original data, but a z-axis of relative geologic time. Stratal slicing is a useful new tool for basin analysis and reservoir delineation by making depositional facies mapping an easier task, especially in wedged depositional sequences. Examples show that the common depositional facies like fluvial channels, deltaic systems, and submarine turbidite deposits are often imaged from real 3-D data with relatively high lateral resolution.
Chronotherapeutics and Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery Systems (2009)

Chronotherapeutics refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease, in order to optimise therapeutic outcomes and minimise side effects. It is based onthe observation that there is an interdependent relationship between peak-to-trough rhythmic activity in disease symptoms and risk factors, pharmacologic sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. The specific time that patients take their medication is very important as it has significant impact on treatment success. Optimal clinical outcome cannot be achieved if drug plasma concentrations are constant. If symptoms of a disease display circadian variation, drug release should also vary over time. Drug pharmacokinetics can also be time-dependent; therefore, variations both in a disease state and in drug plasma concentration need to be taken into consideration in developing drug delivery systems intended for the treatment of disease with adequate dose at appropriate time. Various technologies such as time-controlled, pulsed, triggered and programmed drug delivery devices have been developed and extensively studied in recent years for chronopharmaceutical drug delivery. These, as well as pertinent issues, are addressed in this review.
A low impedance VHF micromechanical filter using coupled-array composite resonators (2005)

By using mechanically-coupled flexural-mode square resonator arrays as "composite" resonators, the impedance of a 68.1-MHz (VHF), capacitively-transduced micromechanical filter has been lowered to point of allowing L-network-aided matching to 50/spl Omega/ termination impedances, while also exhibiting less than 2.7dB insertion loss (IL) for a 190kHz passband width (0.28% bandwidth). The use of composite arrays to replace previous single resonators in a series filter topology not only allows a reduction in filter termination resistance by a factor ideally equal to the number of resonators in the array, but also a reduction in filter bandwidth by this same factor $an important feature for channel-select applications. Although array Q values are smaller than the Q of a stand-alone square resonator, they are still sufficient for excellent filter performance.
Immunity to Tumour Antigens (2005)

During the last decade, a large number of human tumour antigens have been identified. These antigens are classified as tumour-specific shared antigens, tissue-specific differentiation antigens, overexpressed antigens, tumour antigens resulting from mutations, viral antigens and fusion proteins. Antigens recognised by effectors of immune system are potential targets for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. However, most tumour antigens are self-proteins and are generally of low immunogenicity and the immune response elicited towards these tumour antigens is not always effective. Strategies to induce and enhance the tumour antigen-specific response are needed. This review will summarise the approaches to discovery of tumour antigens, the current status of tumour antigens, and their potential application to cancer treatment.
Refractive Index Measurements Of AMTIR-1 At Cryogenic Temperatures (1984)

The refractive index of an infrared transmitting glass, AMTIR-1, has been measured at infrared wavelengths and cryogenic temperatures. Experimental data are presented for wave-lengths of 7-12 micrometers (pm) and for temperatures of 170-350K. The change in index with temperature, dn/dT, was determined as well. An overall accuracy in index of five parts in the fourth decimal place was achieved. In addition to results, the equipment, measurement procedures, and error estimates are also described.
A disulfide conjugate between anti‐tetanus antibodies and HIV (37–72)Tat neutralizes tetanus toxin inside chromaffin cells (1999)

Conjugates between anti-tetanus F(ab')2 fragments and the (37-72) fragment of the HIV Tat protein were taken up by chromaffin cells, NG108-15 neurohybridoma cells and Rev-2-T-6 lymphoma cells. The uptake could not be inhibited by competition with (37-72)Tat, but was reduced in the presence of metabolic inhibitors or at low temperature. The disulfide as well as the thioether conjugate were translocated to the cytoplasmic space, but only the disulfide conjugate moderately restored the stimulated transmitter release inhibited by tetanus toxin. Therefore, disulfide conjugates are more promising than thioethers for the neutralization of intracellular antigens. These conjugates provide new tools to study neuroprotection against bacterial neurotoxins.
Computerized radiographic mass detection. I. Lesion site selection by morphological enhancement and contextual segmentation (2001)

This paper presents a statistical model supported approach for enhanced segmentation and extraction of suspicious mass areas from mammographic images. With an appropriate statistical description of various discriminate characteristics of both true and false candidates from the localized areas, an improved mass detection may be achieved in computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD). In this study, one type of morphological operation is derived to enhance disease patterns of suspected masses by cleaning up unrelated background clutters, and a model-based image segmentation is performed to localize the suspected mass areas using stochastic relaxation labeling scheme. We discuss the importance of model selection when a finite generalized Gaussian mixture is employed, and use the information theoretic criteria to determine the optimal model structure and parameters. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods on mass lesion enhancement and segmentation when applied to mammographical images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a very satisfactory performance as a preprocessing procedure for mass detection in CAD.
Design Automation Technology Roadmap (2018)

No invention in the modern age has been as pervasive as the semiconductor and nothing has been more important to its technological advancement than has electronic design automation (EDA). In the period from 1970 to the present semiconductor advances such as the following have had a great impact on EDA technology: IC integration has grown from tens of transistors on a chip, to beyond tens of millions; feature size on production ICs has shrunk from 10 µm to 90 nm and smaller; and on-chip clock frequency has increased from a few megahertz to many gigahertz. Playing an essential part in the advancement of EDA have been advances in computer architectures that run the EDA applications. With the introduction of the alphanumeric terminal, the keypunch was replaced as the window into the computer. With this, new design description languages were developed, and the role of the transcription operator began to move back to the designer.
RAD51 overexpression is a negative prognostic marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma (2012)

RAD51 is the central protein in the homologous recombination pathway and is therefore of great relevance in terms of both therapy resistance as well as genomic stability. By using a tissue microarray analysis of 1,213 biopsies taken from colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs), we investigated whether RAD51 expression can be used as a prognostic marker as well as potential associations between this and the expression of other proteins known to be related to CRC. Strong RAD51 expression was observed in 1% of CRC, moderate in 11%, weak in 34% and no expression in 44%. No correlation was found between RAD51 expression and clinicopathological parameters. RAD51 expression correlated significantly (p = 0.001) with overall survival, with a median survival of 11 months for patients with strong, 46 with moderate, 76 with weak and 68 with negative expression. Multivariate analyses revealed that in addition to tumor stage (p < 0.0001) and nodal status (p < 0.0001), RAD51 expression is also an independent prognostic parameter (p = 0.011). Strong RAD51 expression was found to be associated with the loss of the two DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH (p = 0.0003), MLH (p = 0.002) and β-catenin (p = 0.012) as well as with elevated p21 (p = 0.003) and EGFR expression (p = 0.0001). However, a correlation with overall survival could only be found for EGFR expression (p = 0.008), although no added benefit in risk stratification could be determined when evaluated together with RAD51. Overexpression of RAD51 is a predictor of poor outcome in CRC. This finding indicated the promise of future studies using RAD51 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
Metabolism of a novel nucleoside analogue, OGT 719, in the isolated perfused rat liver model, in rats, in tumour models and in patients (2003)

1. The metabolic pathway(s) of OGT 719, a novel nucleoside analogue in which galactose is covalently attached to the N1 of 5-fluorouracil (FU), have been investigated with (19)F-NMR spectroscopy in (1) the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) model, (2) normal rats, (3) rats bearing the HSN LV10 sarcoma, (4) nude mice xenografted with the human hepatoma HepG2 and (5) urine from patients. 2. The administration of OGT 719 results in the formation of small amounts of FU. IPRL experiments with OGT 719 in combination with asialofetuin, a natural asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r), suggest competitive binding of OGT 719 to the ASGP-r. 3. The data obtained in non-tumour rats also demonstrated an extremely low metabolization of OGT 719 into FU and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine, the well-known major metabolite of FU. 4. A comparison of tumour extracts from rats bearing the HSN LV10 sarcoma treated with FU or OGT 719 showed the incorporation of FU into RNA in rats treated with FU but not in rats treated with OGT 719; nevertheless, the incorporation of FU into RNA was observed in the liver from rats treated with OGT 719. 5. In a human hepatoma xenografted to nude mice, both the OGT 719 and FU contents of the tumour were markedly higher than in the corresponding liver, suggesting a tumour-specific trapping of OGT 719 in hepatoma. 6. The metabolism of OGT 719 was also extremely low in patients. 7. In conclusion, the present study shows the value of (19)F-NMR for demonstrating for the first time that OGT 719 is a prodrug of FU although very poorly metabolized.
Formation of a Cobalt Magnetic Dot Array via Block Copolymer Lithography (2001)

Single-domain cobalt dot arrayswith high magnetic particle density, patterned over large areas (e.g., 10 cm diameter wafers) are fabricated by self-assembled block copolymer lithography, using a polystyrene–poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) copolymer as a template. By varying the copolymer type and etching conditions the magnetic properties can be tuned. The Figure shows a typical array of Co dots with tungsten caps obtained via this procedure.
2″‐4″ diameter GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates free of wafer bow at all temperatures (2014)

Abstract A heteroepitaxial GaN‐on‐sapphire template growth strategy is presented that eliminates wafer bow in the final structure at both room temperature and at high crystal growth temperatures. The technology is demonstrated here on 2″ and 4″ substrate sizes with GaN epitaxy thicknesses up to 150 µm with a sub‐nm, epi‐ready, final surface roughness. Wafer bow vs. temperature measurements for (a) 15 µm of GaN on 4″ 650 µm thick sapphire showing 280 µm bow shift, (b) 10 µm GaN film on 2″ 430µm thick sapphire showing 120 µm bow shift, and (c) and (d), 15 µm of FLAAT GaN on 2″ and 4″ sapphire, respectively, each showing less than 30 µm of bow shift. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of dronabinol (delta-9-THC) in autism: A prospective single-case-study with an early infantile autistic child (2010)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of dronabinol (delta-9-THC) as supplementary therapy in a child with autistic disorder. Methods: A child who met the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria for a diagnosis of autistic disorder and who took no other medication during the observation time was included in an open and uncontrolled study. Symptom assessment was performed using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) before and after six months of medical treatment. Result: Compared to baseline, significant improvements were observed for hyperactivity, lethargy, irritability, stereotypy and inappropriate speech at follow-up (p=0.043). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of dronabinol may be able to reduce the symptoms of autism.
A stable double-stranded DNA-ethidium homodimer complex: application to picogram fluorescence detection of DNA in agarose gels. (1990)

The complex between double-stranded DNA and ethidium homodimer (5,5'-diazadecamethylene)bis(3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridini um) cation, formed at a ratio of 1 homodimer per 4 or 5 base pairs, is stable in agarose gels under the usual conditions for electrophoresis. This unusual stability allows formation of the complex before electrophoresis and then separation and detection in the absence of background stain. Competition experiments between the preformed DNA-ethidium homodimer complex and a 50-fold molar excess of unlabeled DNA show that approximately one-third of the dye is retained within the original complex independent of the duration of the competition. However, dye-extraction experiments show that these are not covalent complexes. After electrophoretic separation, detection of bands containing 25 pg of DNA was readily achieved in 1-mm thick agarose gels with laser excitation at 488 nm and a scanning confocal fluorescence imaging system. The band intensity was linear with the amount of DNA applied from 0.2 to 1.0 ng per lane and with the number of kilobase pairs (kbp) per band within a lane. Analysis of an aliquot of a polymerase-chain-reaction mixture permitted ready detection of 80 pg of a 1.6-kbp amplified fragment. The use of the ethidium homodimer complex together with laser excitation for DNA detection on gels is at least two orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional fluorescence-based procedures. The homodimer-DNA complex exemplifies a class of fluorescent probes where the intercalation of dye chromophores in DNA forms a stable, highly fluorescent ensemble.
Monoclonal antibodies protect against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. (1984)

Twenty-five monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and two to hepatitis B virus were inoculated intravenously into mice. Twenty-four hours later the mice were challenged intranasally with RSV. Eleven of 14 Mab against fusion protein and four out of six Mab against a larger glycoprotein (GP84) significantly reduced the titre of RSV in the lungs when mice were killed 5 days later. Five Mab against three other RSV proteins and two Mab against hepatitis B virus had no significant effect on RSV infection. These results indicated that serum IgG against one epitope on the fusion protein and another on the larger glycoprotein (GP84) will completely protect mice against challenge. These epitopes are primary candidates for an RSV vaccine produced by techniques of gene cloning and peptide synthesis.
SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE SIGNALLING (1999)

Conference Abstract| June 01 1999 SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE SIGNALLING Susan Pyne; Susan Pyne 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Soma Rakhit; Soma Rakhit 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ann-Marie Conway; Ann-Marie Conway 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Amanda McKie; Amanda McKie 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Peter Darroch; Peter Darroch 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rothwelle Tate; Rothwelle Tate 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nigel Pyne Nigel Pyne 1Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (3): A79. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a079 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Susan Pyne, Soma Rakhit, Ann-Marie Conway, Amanda McKie, Peter Darroch, Rothwelle Tate, Nigel Pyne; SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE SIGNALLING. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1999; 27 (3): A79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a079 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the structural genes for the cytochrome and flavoprotein subunits of p-cresol methylhydroxylase from two strains of Pseudomonas putida (1994)

The structural genes for the flavoprotein subunit and cytochrome c subunit of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) methylhydroxylase (PCMH) from Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 9869 (National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria, Aberdeen, Scotland) and P. putida NCIMB 9866 were cloned and sequenced. The genes from P.putida NCIMB 9869 were for the plasmid-encoded A form of PCMH, and the genes from P.putida NCIMB 9866 were also plasmid encoded. The nucleotide sequences of the two flavoprotein genes from P.putida NCIMB 9869 and P.putida NCIMB 9866 (pchF69A and pchF66, respectively) were the same except for 5 bases out of 1,584, and the translated amino acid sequences were identical. The nucleotide sequences of the genes for the cytochrome subunits of PCMH from the two bacteria (pchC69A and pchC66) varied by a single nucleotide in their 303-base sequences, and the translated amino acid sequences differed by a single residue at position 41 (Asp in PchC69A and Ala in PchC66). Both cytochromes had 21-residue signal sequences, as expected for periplasmic proteins, and these sequences were identical. On the other hand, no signal sequences were found for the flavoproteins.pchF69A and pchC69A were expressed, separately or together, in Escherichia coli JM109 and P.putida RA4007, with active PCMH produced in both bacteria. The E. coli-expressed flavocytochrome was purified. Our studies indicated that the E.coli-expressed subunits were identical to the subunits expressed in P.putida NCIMB 9869: molecular weights, isoelectric points, UV-visible spectra, and steady-state kinetic parameters were the same for the two sets of proteins. The subunits readily associated upon mixing two crude extracts of E.coli, one extract containing PchC69A and the other containing PchF69A. The courses of association of PchC69A and PchF69A were essentially identical for pure E. coli-expressed subunits and pure P. putida 9869-expressed subunits. E. coli-expressed PchC69A and PchF69A contained covalently bound heme and covalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide, respectively, as the proteins expressed in nature.
Policy gradient approaches for multi-objective sequential decision making: A comparison (2014)

This paper investigates the use of policy gradient techniques to approximate the Pareto frontier in Multi-Objective Markov Decision Processes (MOMDPs). Despite the popularity of policy-gradient algorithms and the fact that gradient-ascent algorithms have been already proposed to numerically solve multi-objective optimization problems, especially in combination with multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, so far little attention has been paid to the use of gradient information to face multi-objective sequential decision problems. Three different Multi-Objective Reinforcement-Learning (MORL) approaches are here presented. The first two, called radial and Pareto following, start from an initial policy and perform gradient-based policy-search procedures aimed at finding a set of non-dominated policies. Differently, the third approach performs a single gradient-ascent run that, at each step, generates an improved continuous approximation of the Pareto frontier. The parameters of a function that defines a manifold in the policy parameter space are updated following the gradient of some performance criterion so that the sequence of candidate solutions gets as close as possible to the Pareto front. Besides reviewing the three different approaches and discussing their main properties, we empirically compare them with other MORL algorithms on two interesting MOMDPs.