gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum levels of APRIL, but not BAFF, in patients with atopic dermatitis (2007)

Elevated serum levels of B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and/or a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are shown in autoimmune diseases. We determined serum levels of BAFF and APRIL, and clinical association in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Serum levels of BAFF and APRIL from 35 patients with AD, 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 25 normal healthy subjects were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of APRIL, but not BAFF, were significantly elevated in patients with AD than in healthy controls or patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Patients with severe AD exhibited significantly increased APRIL levels compared to patients with moderate AD and mild AD, and serum APRIL levels were significantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment. In addition, increased APRIL levels were significantly associated with serum immunoglobulin E levels and blood eosinophil numbers. These results suggest that elevated serum levels of APRIL are associated with disease severity and activity in AD, and APRIL may have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
The gene encoding cAMP receptor protein is required for competence development in Haemophilus influenzae Rd. (1992)

The Haemophilus influenzae Rd strain JG87 contains a single mini-Tn10kan insertion that causes a deficiency in the development of competence for genetic transformation. The DNA fragment containing this insertion mutation, as well as the wild-type locus, was cloned, mapped, and sequenced. The sequence contained an open reading frame for a protein of 224 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 25,152. The deduced protein sequence showed strong similarity to the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein. The E. coli crp gene cloned on a multicopy plasmid was shown to fully complement the competence-deficient phenotype of the mutant strain; thus, the H. influenzae gene was named crp. These results suggest that H. influenzae cAMP-cAMP receptor protein complex functions to regulate one or more promoters essential for the development of competence in H. influenzae Rd. Features of a gene upstream of H. influenzae crp that is homologous to the E. coli ttk gene are also described.
Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid: a new cyclic imino acid occurring in plants (1956)

In recent years the paper-chromatographic tech- nique has been used extensively to study the soluble nitrogenous compounds ofplants. In this way many new amino and imino acids have been recognized, and some ofthe newly characterized substances have been shown to be major constituents of certain plant species, e.g. y-methyleneglutamine and y- methyleneglutamic acid in groundnuts, Arachi8 hypogaea Many of these substances are derived from either glutamic acid or piperidine-2-carboxylic acid. This paper describes the isolation and identifica- tion of a new imino acid, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, which occurs as an important constituent of many plants belonging to the Liliaceae. The structure of this substance and the atom-numbering system used in the text are as shown in (I) H1, /3\ E0C 4 2 CH.0C02H
A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays (1994)

Paul Milgram received the B.A.Sc. degree from the University of Toronto in 1970, the M.S.E.E. degree from the Technion (Israel) in 1973 and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Toronto in 1980. From 1980 to 1982 he was a ZWO Visiting Scientist and a NATO Postdoctoral in the Netherlands, researching automobile driving behaviour. From 1982 to 1984 he was a Senior Research Engineer in Human Engineering at the National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) in Amsterdam, where his work involved the modelling of aircraft flight crew activity, advanced display concepts and control loops with human operators in space teleoperation. Since 1986 he has worked at the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Toronto, where he is currently an Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Human Factors Engineering group. He is also cross appointed to the Department of Psychology. In 1993-94 he was an invited researcher at the ATR Communication Systems Research Laboratories, in Kyoto, Japan. His research interests include display and control issues in telerobotics and virtual environments, stereoscopic video and computer graphics, cognitive engineering, and human factors issues in medicine. He is also President of Translucent Technologies, a company which produces Plato liquid crystal visual occlusion spectacles (of which he is the inventor), for visual and psychomotor research.
Nitrogen-Mediated Carbon Nanotube Growth: Diameter Reduction, Metallicity, Bundle Dispersability, and Bamboo-like Structure Formation (2007)

Carbon nanotube growth in the presence of nitrogen has been the subject of much experimental scrutiny, sparking intense debate about the role of nitrogen in the formation of diverse structural features, including shortened length, reduced diameters, and bamboo-like multilayered nanotubules. In this paper, the origin of these features is elucidated using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques, showing that N acts as a surfactant during growth. N doping enhances the formation of smaller diameter tubes. It can also promote tube closure which includes a relatively large amount of N atoms into the tube lattice, leading to bamboo-like structures. Our findings demonstrate that the mechanism is independent of the tube chirality and suggest a simple procedure for controlling the growth of bamboo-like nanotube morphologies.
Studies on N-Arylglycine Series Chemotherapeutics. II (1961)

The corresponding 1-[(N-p-alkoxyphenyl)glycyl]-2-benzylidenehydrazines (II) were obtained by condensation of N-(p-methoxyphenyl)- or N-(p-ethoxyphenyl)glycine hydrazide (I) with salicylaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzaldehyde, piperonal, p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, p-acetamidobenzaldehyde, and p-aminobenzaldehyde, in ethanol containing acetic acid. Similarly, treatment of N-(p-methoxyphenyl)- and N-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-N-(benzenesulfonyl)glycine hydrazide (III) with the foregoing aromatic aldehydes afforded 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-N-(benzenesulfonyl)glycyl]-2-benzylidene hydrazines (IV). Reaction of (II), other than 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)glycyl]-2-(p-aminobenzylidene)-hydrazine (II), with benzenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine also afforded (IV). Reaction of benzenesulfonyl chloride with (II) and 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-N-(benzenesulfonyl)-glycyl]-2-(p-aminobenzylidene)hydrazine in pyridine gave 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-N-(benzenesulfonyl)glycyl]-2-(p-benzenesulfonamidobenzylidene)hydrazine, and application of hydrazine hydrate to 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-N-(benzenesulfonyl)glycyl]-2-(p-acetamidobenzylidene)hydrazine and 1-[N-(p-alkoxyphenyl)glycyl]-2-(p-acetamidobenzylidene)hydrazine respectively gave (III) and (I).
Use of Ultraviolet Radiation to Achieve Bacteria-Free Algal Culture (1977)

Green and blue-green algal cultures were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation at varying intensities and times. No bacterial growth was observed for the first 64 hours when treated algae were inoculated on nutrient agar plates. Algal pigments were not affected by radiation. Phycocyanin appeared to be as active as chlorophyll in photosynthesis. Growth requirements of treated cultures were unaltered. Thus ultraviolet radiation was effective in obtaining and maintaining axenic algal cultures.
The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 thwarts chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival and tissue homing in vitro and in vivo (2011)

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a critical pathway in the pathogenesis of several B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and can be targeted by inhibitors of BCR-associated kinases, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk). PCI-32765, a selective, irreversible Btk inhibitor, is a novel, molecularly targeted agent for patients with B-cell malignancies, and is particularly active in patients with CLL. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of action of PCI-32765 in CLL, using in vitro and in vivo models, and performed correlative studies on specimens from patients receiving therapy with PCI-32765. PCI-32765 significantly inhibited CLL cell survival, DNA synthesis, and migration in response to tissue homing chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL13). PCI-32765 also down-regulated secretion of BCR-dependent chemokines (CCL3, CCL4) by the CLL cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In an adoptive transfer TCL1 mouse model of CLL, PCI-32765 affected disease progression. In this model, PCI-32765 caused a transient early lymphocytosis, and profoundly inhibited CLL progression, as assessed by weight, development, and extent of hepatospenomegaly, and survival. Our data demonstrate that PCI-32765 effectively inhibits CLL cell migration and survival, possibly explaining some of the characteristic clinical activity of this new targeted agent.
Preferential induction of apoptosis for primary human leukemic stem cells (2002)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is typically a disease of stem progenitor cell origin. Interestingly, the leukemic stem cell (LSC) shares many characteristics with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) including the ability to self-renew and a predominantly G(0) cell-cycle status. Thus, although conventional chemotherapy regimens often ablate actively cycling leukemic blast cells, the primitive LSC population is likely to be drug-resistant. Moreover, given the quiescent nature of LSCs, current drugs may not effectively distinguish between malignant stem cells and normal HSCs. Nonetheless, based on recent studies of LSC molecular biology, we hypothesized that certain unique properties of leukemic cells could be exploited to induce apoptosis in the LSC population while sparing normal stem cells. In this report we describe a strategy using treatment of primary AML cells with the proteasome inhibitor carbobenzoxyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-leucinal (MG-132) and the anthracycline idarubicin. Comparison of normal and leukemic specimens using in vitro culture and in vivo xenotransplantation assays shows that the combination of these two agents induces rapid and extensive apoptosis of the LSC population while leaving normal HSCs viable. Molecular genetic studies using a dominant-negative allele of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (IkappaBalpha) demonstrate that inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) contributes to apoptosis induction. In addition, gene-expression analyses suggest that activation of p53-regulated genes are also involved in LSC apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that malignant stem cells can be preferentially targeted for ablation. Further, the data begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie LSC-specific apoptosis and suggest new directions for AML therapy.
Localization of actin, βspectrin, 43×103Mr and 58×103M r proteins to receptor-enriched domains of newly formed acetylcholine receptor aggregates in isolated myotube membranes (1990)

I have examined the possible involvement of specific cytoskeletal and peripheral membrane proteins in the early stages of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation in rat myotubes in culture by immunofluorescence localization of these proteins on the cytoplasmic face of isolated plasma membranes. A culture procedure utilizing selective replating of myoblasts and subsequent treatment with cytosine arabinoside was devised to obtain large, multipolar myotubes with extensive upper surfaces that are free of fibroblasts. These cultures were exposed for 4-6 h to embryonic pig brain extract (EBX) to induce AChR aggregate formation on the upper cell surface, and the AChRs were labeled with TRITC-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. Large sheets of plasma membranes from the upper cell surface were isolated by adhesion to a coverslip coated with a polypeptide adhesive (Cell-Tak) that was pressed on top of the culture. The membranes were labeled by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies against the 43 x 10(3) Mr and 58 x 10(3) Mr proteins, originally identified in the AChR-enriched membranes of Torpedo electroplaques, and with monoclonal antibodies against isoforms of actin and beta-spectrin. The labeling patterns showed that all four of these proteins are concentrated in the punctate AChR-enriched domains within the aggregates, suggesting that they may be involved in the early stages of AChR aggregation. Immunofluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies against vinculin and clathrin, and with an antiserum to talin, showed that these proteins are also associated with AChR aggregates; however, their labeling patterns did not correspond closely to the AChR-enriched domains. Furthermore, vinculin and talin dissociated from most of the membrane during isolation. The concentration of beta-spectrin and actin isoforms on the cytoplasmic fact of the AChR-enriched domains is consistent with the formation, early in the aggregation process, of a membrane-cytoskeleton association similar to that of erythrocytes.
Characterization of murine IL-1 beta . Isolation, expression, and purification. (1988)

One cDNA clone encoding a truncated murine IL-1 beta (M IL-1 beta) sequence was isolated from a murine macrophage cDNA library. We reconstituted the coding sequence of the 152-residue mature protein and expressed it in Escherichia coli. rM IL-1 beta was purified to homogeneity and characterized by oligonucleotide and NH2-terminal sequence analysis. Purified rM IL-1 beta exhibited biologic activity equivalent to 7.8 x 10(7) units/mg in the murine thymocyte proliferation assay and 9.9 x 10(3) units/mg in the human gingival fibroblast PGE2 production assay, indicative of species specificity. The isoelectric point of rM IL-1 was found to be 8.85. The circular dichroism spectrum revealed that the secondary structure of M IL-1 is indistinguishable from that of the human protein. Receptor binding studies indicated the rM IL-1 bound to murine EL-4.1 thymoma cells in a specific and dose-dependent fashion with an affinity of 32 pM. Competition binding data suggested that murine and human IL-1 compete for a single class of receptor. Antisera were generated in rabbits against both murine and human IL-1. Results of ELISA binding and antisera neutralization assays indicated that there are common antigenic sites between the two IL-1 beta molecules. These domains are of functional importance because they are capable of mediating the neutralization of biologic activity.
Attenuation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice with myocyte-specific overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (2002)

Objective: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury remains controversial as both NO donors and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors have shown to be protective. We generated transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress endothelial NOS (eNOS) exclusively in cardiac myocytes to determine the effects of high cardiac NO levels on ischemia/reperfusion injury and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Wild-type (WT) mice served as controls. Methods: Hearts were perfused in vitro and subjected to 20 min of total no-flow ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion (n=5 per group). Left ventricular function, cGMP levels and intracellular Ca2+ transients (Ca2+i) were determined. Results: Left ventricular pressure was reduced (maximum, −33%) and basal cardiac cGMP was increased (twofold) in TG hearts, and the changes were reversed by NOS blockade with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Relative to baseline, recovery of reperfusion contractile function was significantly better in hearts from TG (98%) than WT (51%) mice, and l-NAME abolished this effect. Heart rate and coronary perfusion pressure were not different between groups. Systolic and diastolic Ca2+i concentrations were similar in WT and TG hearts, but Ca2+i overload during early reperfusion tended to be less in TG hearts. Kinetic analysis of pressure curves and Ca2+i transients revealed a faster left ventricular diastolic relaxation and abbreviated aequorin light signals in TG hearts at baseline and during reperfusion. Conclusions: High levels of NO/cGMP strongly protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the protection is largely independent of changes in Ca2+i modulation, but relates to reduced preischemic performance. Myocyte-specific NO augmentation may aid in studies of the (patho)physiological roles of cardiac-derived NO.
Maximum Entropy Markov Models for Information Extraction and Segmentation (2000)

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a powerful probabilistic tool for modeling sequential data, and have been applied with success to many text-related tasks, such as part-of-speech tagging, text segmentation and information extraction. In these cases, the observations are usually modeled as multinomial distributions over a discrete vocabulary, and the HMM parameters are set to maximize the likelihood of the observations. This paper presents a new Markovian sequence model, closely related to HMMs, that allows observations to be represented as arbitrary overlapping features (such as word, capitalization, formatting, part-of-speech), and defines the conditional probability of state sequences given observation sequences. It does this by using the maximum entropy framework to fit a set of exponential models that represent the probability of a state given an observation and the previous state. We present positive experimental results on the segmentation of FAQ&amp;apos;s. 1. Introdu...
Generation of antigen‐presenting cells for soluble protein antigens ex vivo from peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in cancer patients (1996)

Peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic cells (PBPC) mediate hematopoietic reconstitution in cancer patients after autologous transplantation and can be expanded ex vivo in the presence of colony-stimulating factors. This study shows that functionally active antigen-presenting cells (APC) for soluble proteins are generated and expanded in these PBPC cultures. CD34+ cells were cultured ex vivo in medium containing stem cell factor, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-3, IL-6, and erythropoietin (EPO). The cells from these cultures developed into very potent APC of tetanus toxoid and purified derivative of tuberculin for autologous T cells in vitro. The antigen-presenting capacity of these cell was maintained for at least 38 days of culture. These APC resembled immature cells of the myelomonocytic cell lineage by surface marker, immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural analysis. Such APC might be able to present antigens from certain tumors to the immune system.
Identification of a putative chromosomal replication origin from Helicobacter pylori and its interaction with the initiator protein DnaA (2001)

The key elements of the initiation of Helicobacter pylori chromosome replication, DnaA protein and putative oriC region, have been characterized. The gene arrangement in the H.pylori dnaA region differs from that found in many other eubacterial dnaA regions (rnpA-rmpH-dnaA-dnaN-recF-gyrB). Helicobacter pylori dnaA is flanked by two open reading frames with unknown function, while dnaN-gyrB and rnpA-rmpH loci are separated from the dnaA gene by 600 and 90 kb, respectively. We show that the dnaA gene encoding initiator protein DnaA is expressed in H.pylori cells. The H.pylori DnaA protein, like other DnaA proteins, can be divided into four domains. Here we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of H.pylori DnaA protein is responsible for DNA binding. Using in silico and in vitro studies, the putative oriC region containing five DnaA boxes has been located upstream of the dnaA gene. DNase I and gel retardation analyses show that the C-terminal domain of H.pylori DnaA protein specifically binds each of five DnaA boxes.
Meta-analysing randomised controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease (2012)

Commentary on Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, et al.; for the Korean Meta-analysis Study Group. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:686–94.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have yielded conflicting results regarding the efficacy of ω-3 fatty acids for preventing cardiovascular events or reducing mortality.1 A meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials now adds to the literature. Medline and bibliographies of publications were searched with pertinent keywords, and publications were selected, if trial participants were >18 years of age, had a history of coronary artery disease, used omega-3 fatty acid supplements for >1 year; and if the study design was randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and the trial reported major adverse events … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.issn%253D0003-9926%26rft.volume%253D172%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D686%26rft.epage%253D694%26rft.atitle%253DEfficacy%2Bof%2Bomega-3%2Bfatty%2Bacid%2Bsupplements%2B%2528eicosapentaenoic%2Bacid%2Band%2Bdocosahexaenoic%2Bacid%2529%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsecondary%2Bprevention%2Bof%2Bcardiovascular%2Bdisease%253A%2Ba%2Bmeta-analysis%2Bof%2Brandomized%252C%2Bdouble-blind%252C%2Bplacebo-controlled%2Btrials.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchinternmed.2012.262%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22493407%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22493407&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F4%2Fe33.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000304007800002&link_type=ISI
Poly(alkylbithiazoles): A New Class of Variable-Bandgap, Conjugated Polymer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(alkylbithiazoles): A New Class of Variable-Bandgap, Conjugated PolymerJohn I. Nanos, Jeff W. Kampf, M. David Curtis, Lebzylisbeth Gonzalez, and David C. MartinCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 12, 2232–2234Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00060a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00060a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts