gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation-enhanced binding of the amino-terminal fragment of human urokinase plasminogen activator to a specific receptor on U937 monocytes. (1985)

The purified amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of human urokinase plasminogen activator (residues 1-135), which is not required for activation of plasminogen, binds with high affinity to specific plasma membrane receptors on U937 monocytes. Intact urokinase efficiently competes for 125I-labeled ATF binding; 50% competition occurs with 1 nM urokinase. A large part of receptor-bound urokinase remains on the cell surface for at least 2 hr at 37 degrees C. Differentiation of U937 monocytes into macrophage-like cells specifically increases ATF binding 10- to 20-fold. These results suggest an important role for urokinase in monocyte/macrophage biology: the native enzyme binds to the cells with the amino-terminal domain; the catalytic, carboxyl-terminal domain remains exposed on the cell surface to stimulate localized proteolysis and facilitate cell migration.
Sugar Transport by Mammalian Members of the SLC26 Superfamily of Anion‐Bicarbonate Exchangers (2003)

The mammalian cochlea contains a population of outer hair cells (OHCs) whose electromotility depends on an assembly of ‘motor’ molecules in the basolateral membrane of the cell. Named ‘prestin’, the molecule is a member of the SLC26 anion transporter superfamily. We show both directly and indirectly that SLC26A5, rat prestin, takes up hexoses when expressed in several cell lines. Direct measurements of labelled fructose transport into COS‐7 cells expessing prestin are reported here. Indirect measurements, using imaging techniques, show that transfected HEK‐293 or CHO‐K1 cells undergo reversible volume changes when exposed to isosmotic glucose‐fructose exchange. The observations are consistent with the sugar transport. A similar transport was observed using a C‐terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged pendrin (SLC26A4) construct. Cells transfected with GFP alone did not respond to sugars. The data are consistent with fructose being transported by prestin with an apparent K m = 24 m m . From the voltage‐dependent capacitance of transfected cells, we estimate that 250 000 prestin molecules were present and hence that the single transport rate is not more than 3000 fructose molecules s −1 . Comparison of the transfected cell swelling rates induced by fructose and by osmotic steps indicates that water was co‐transported with sugar. We suggest that the structure of SLC26 family members allows them to act as neutral substrate transporters and may explain observed properties of cochlear hair cells.
Chemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Ammonia Sensors (2004)

This study demonstrates a novel approach toward development of advanced chemical sensors based on chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs with covalently attached poly(m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid), SWNT-PABS, have shown improved sensor performance for detection of NH3. Compared to purified SWNTs, devices fabricated with SWNT-PABS have shown more than 2 times higher change of resistance upon exposure to NH3. Importantly, the SWNT-PABS sensors rapidly recover their resistance when NH3 is replaced with nitrogen. Exposure to NH3 induces significant changes in the electronic structure of SWNT-PABS, which allow detection of NH3 at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Thin film deposited between interdigitated electrodes was explored as a device configuration for development of gas sensors.
Effect of controlled adventitial heparin delivery on smooth muscle cell proliferation following endothelial injury. (1990)

Continuous intravenous infusion of heparin suppresses smooth muscle cell proliferation in rats after endothelial injury but may lead to hemorrhage and other complications. The anticoagulant property has been removed from chemically modified heparin without loss of antiproliferative effect but use of such compounds is still limited. In this study ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrices containing standard and modified heparin were placed adjacent to rat carotid arteries at the time of balloon dendothelialization. After 14 days arterial occlusion by smooth muscle cell proliferation was defined. Matrix delivery of both heparin compounds effectively diminished this proliferation in comparison to controls without producing systemic anticoagulation or side effects. In addition, this mode of therapy appeared more effective than the administration of the same agents by either intravenous pumps or heparin/polymer matrices placed in a subcutaneous site distant from the injured carotid artery. Thus, heparin's inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation after vascular injury might be most effective within the microenvironment of the injured vessel wall, and the accelerated atherosclerosis or restenosis that often follows angioplasty and other vascular interventions might best be treated with site-specific therapy.
Visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnMgBeSe Schottky barrier diodes (2001)

Planar geometry Schottky barrier photodiodes designed for visible-blind ultraviolet detection have been fabricated. They are based on ZnMgBeSe alloys grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. High crystalline quality is achieved, which leads to a high responsivity (0.17 A/W at 375 nm) and a sharp cutoff of more than three orders of magnitude. As attested by the linear variation of the photocurrent with the optical excitation, there is no internal gain mechanism. A detectivity of 2×1010 mHz1/2 W−1 is obtained showing that low-noise devices with high sensitivity have been fabricated.
Stack decoding of polar codes (2012)

A successive cancellation stack (SCS) decoding algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of polar codes. Unlike the conventional successive cancellation decoder which determines the bits successively with a local optimal strategy, the SCS algorithm stores a number of candidate partial paths in an ordered stack and tries to find the global optimal estimation by searching along the best path in the stack. Simulation results in the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel show that the SCS algorithm has the same performance as the successive cancellation list (SCL) algorithm and can approach that of the maximum likelihood algorithm. Moreover, the time complexity of the SCS decoder is much lower than that of the SCL and can be very close to that of the SC in the high SNR regime.
Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (1997)

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCC; Gorlin syndrome), an autosomal dominant disorder linked to 9q22.3-q31, and caused by mutations in PTC, the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene, comprises multiple basal cell carcinomas, keratocysts of the jaw, palmar/plantar pits, spine and rib anomalies and calcification of the falx cerebri. We reviewed the findings on 105 affected individuals examined at the NIH since 1985. The data included 48 males and 57 females ranging in age from 4 months to 87 years. Eighty percent of whites (71/90) and 38% (5/13) of African-Americans had at least one basal cell carcinoma (BCC), with the first tumor occurring at a mean age of 23 (median 20) years and 21 (median 20) years, respectively. Excluding individuals exposed to radiation therapy, the number of BCCs ranged from 1 to > 1,000 (median 8) and 1 to 3 (median 2), respectively, in the 2 groups. Jaw cysts occurred in 78/105 (74%) with the first tumor occurring in 80% by the age of 20 years. The number of total jaw cysts ranged from 1 to 28 (median 3). Palmar pits and plantar pits were seen in 87%. Ovarian fibromas were diagnosed by ultrasound in 9/52 (17%) at a mean age of 30 years. Medulloblastoma occurred in 4 patients at a mean age of 2.3 years. Three patients had cleft lip or palate. Physical findings include "coarse face" in 54%, relative macrocephaly in 50%, hypertelorism in 42%, frontal bossing in 27%, pectus deformity in 13%, and Sprengel deformity in 11%. Important radiological signs included calcification of the falx cerebri in 65%, of the tentorium cerebelli in 20%, bridged sella in 68%, bifid ribs in 26%, hemivertebrae in 15%, fusion of the vertebral bodies in 10%, and flame shaped lucencies of the phalanges, metacarpal, and carpal bones of the hands in 30%. Several traits previously considered components of the syndrome (including short fourth metacarpal, scoliosis, cervical ribs and spina bifida occulta) were not found to be significantly increased in the affected individuals. This study delineates the frequency of the clinical and radiological anomalies in NBCC in a large population of US patients and discusses guidelines for diagnosis and management.
Formation of a native‐like β‐hairpin finger structure of a peptide from the extended PDZ domain of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in aqueous solution (2000)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is targeted to the cell membrane via interactions of its extended PDZ domain with PDZ domains of membrane-associated proteins including PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin. The formation of heterodimers between the nNOS PDZ domain and the PDZ domains of nNOS-binding proteins requires a stretch of continuous amino-acid residues C-terminal to the canonical nNOS PDZ domain. In this work, we show that a 27-residue peptide comprising the C-terminal extension of the extended nNOS PDZ domain is capable of binding to PSD-95. The structure of the 27-residue peptide in aqueous solution was determined using multidimensional NMR-spectroscopic techniques. The free peptide adopts a native-like beta-hairpin finger structure in aqueous solution. The results indicate that the C-terminal extension peptide of the nNOS PDZ domain may represent a relatively independent structural unit in the mediation of the interaction between nNOS and PDZ domain-containing proteins including PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin.
Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation and coding schemes for high speed downlink packet access (2003)

A major evolution of the UMTS standard is the so-called high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) mode, which provides peak data rates of 10.8 Mbps. Key enabling technologies include fast scheduling, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), as well as hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). The paper gives a general overview of the current HSDPA standard. Special focus is put on the implementation and performance of the AMC and HARQ functions, as well as on their interworking. The performance of different HARQ schemes are compared for QPSK and 16-QAM and varying code rates. Subsequently, link-level throughput is simulated. It is shown that the throughput gains offered by advanced HARQ schemes depend on the performance of the AMC function. In particular, the gain offered by incremental redundancy techniques increases with increasing errors in selecting the appropriate modulation and code rate.
Caprylic Triglyceride as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Effectively Improve the Performance and Attenuate the Symptoms Due to the Motor Neuron Loss in ALS Disease (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons causing progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and finally death. ALS patients suffer from asthenia and their progressive weakness negatively impacts quality of life, limiting their daily activities. They have impaired energy balance linked to lower activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes in ALS spinal cord, suggesting that improving mitochondrial function may present a therapeutic approach for ALS. When fed a ketogenic diet, the G93A ALS mouse shows a significant increase in serum ketones as well as a significantly slower progression of weakness and lower mortality rate. In this study, we treated SOD1-G93A mice with caprylic triglyceride, a medium chain triglyceride that is metabolized into ketone bodies and can serve as an alternate energy substrate for neuronal metabolism. Treatment with caprylic triglyceride attenuated progression of weakness and protected spinal cord motor neuron loss in SOD1-G93A transgenic animals, significantly improving their performance even though there was no significant benefit regarding the survival of the ALS transgenic animals. We found that caprylic triglyceride significantly promoted the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in vivo. Our results demonstrated that caprylic triglyceride alleviates ALS-type motor impairment through restoration of energy metabolism in SOD1-G93A ALS mice, especially during the overt stage of the disease. These data indicate the feasibility of using caprylic acid as an easily administered treatment with a high impact on the quality of life of ALS patients.
IL-15 and the Initiation of Cell Contact-Dependent Synovial Fibroblast-T Lymphocyte Cross-Talk in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Effect of Methotrexate (2004)

To characterize the molecules responsible for synovial fibroblast-T lymphocyte (TL) cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts from patients with established RA (RASFibs) were cocultured with TLs from peripheral blood of early RA patients (RAPBTL). TLs from peripheral blood of healthy controls and from synovial fluid of RA served as controls. Adhesion molecules and cytokines were determined by flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time PCR. RAPBTL (n = 20) induced an up-regulation of ICAM-1, intracellular IL-8, IL-6, IL-15, and surface IL-15 in cocultured RASFibs. In turn, RAPBTL showed an up-regulation of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-17, CD25, and CD69 expression. Responses seen with TLs from peripheral blood of healthy controls (n = 20) were significantly lower, whereas responses with TLs from synovial fluid of RA (n = 20) were maximal. Blocking Abs to IL-15 and CD54, but not an isotype-control Ab, down-regulated the increased TL cytokine and activation marker expression. Abs to CD69, CD11a, IL-17, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma significantly decreased the up-regulation of RASFib cytokine and CD54 expression. Cocultures using 0.4- micro m inserts did not result in up-regulation of surface molecules or cytokines. Methotrexate significantly inhibited RASFib/TL cross-talk signals and decreased adhesion of TL to RASFibs. In summary, RASFib production of IL-15 induces the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-17 in cocultured TLs through a cell contact-dependent mechanism. In turn, these cytokines stimulate the expression of IL-15, IL-8, and IL-6 in RASFibs, thereby creating a feedback loop that favors persistent synovial inflammation. Methotrexate seems to disrupt this loop by decreasing cell adhesion.
Intracavitary Radiation in the Treatment of Bladder Tumors (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1972Intracavitary Radiation in the Treatment of Bladder Tumors Clarence B. Hewitt, William S. Kiser, Anthony R. Antunez, and Edward S. Chernak Clarence B. HewittClarence B. Hewitt More articles by this author , William S. KiserWilliam S. Kiser More articles by this author , Anthony R. AntunezAnthony R. Antunez More articles by this author , and Edward S. ChernakEdward S. Chernak More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61089-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMaatman T, Novice A, Montague D and Levin H (2018) Radiation-Induced Cystitis Following Intracavitary Irradiation for Superficial Bladder CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 130, NO. 2, (338-339), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1983.Whitmore W and Prout G (2018) Discouraging Results for High Dose External Beam Radiation Therapy in Low Stage (O and A) Bladder CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 127, NO. 5, (902-905), Online publication date: 1-May-1982.Hewitt C, Babiszewski J and Antunez A (2018) Update on Intracavitary Radiation in the Treatment of Bladder TumorsJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 3, (323-325), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1981.Soloway M (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 3, (325-325), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1981.Grossman H (2018) Current Therapy of Bladder CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 121, NO. 1, (1-7), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1979. Volume 107Issue 4April 1972Page: 603-606 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Clarence B. Hewitt More articles by this author William S. Kiser More articles by this author Anthony R. Antunez More articles by this author Edward S. Chernak More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Neuroautoimmunity: Pathogenic Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease (1997)

Immune factors such as cellular immunity, autoimmunity, and inflammation may play a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Based on immunologic dysregulation in many patients, a neuroautoimmunity (NAI) model is proposed which suggested a CD8+ cell-mediated mechanism (activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes); CD4+ suppressor/inducer (2H4+) cells may also be involved. Antibrain antibodies may contribute through a cell-specific autoimmune assault leading to neurodegeneration of the AD type. Thus, a cell-mediated autoimmune response against brain antigens may explain the immune subset of AD.
A multichannel transceiver system for asymmetric digital subscriber line service (2002)

The authors study the performance of a multichannel modulation technique for the contemplated data service known as asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSLs). It was found that over all unloaded North American subscriber lines in the test set, a unidirectional 1.536-Mb/s data rate service from the end-office to the customer premises can be easily achieved on a single twisted pair at an error rate of 10/sup -7/. The dominant line impairments studied include far-end crosstalk from basic-rate access integrated services digital network (ISDN), spill-over basic rate access ISDN signal, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). It was found that the proposed ADSL service can coexist with the previously existing baseband service on the same twisted pair.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cost-based modeling for fraud and intrusion detection: results from the JAM project (2002)

We describe the results achieved using the JAM distributed data mining system for the real world problem of fraud detection in financial information systems. For this domain we provide clear evidence that state-of-the-art commercial fraud detection systems can be substantially improved in stopping losses due to fraud by combining multiple models of fraudulent transaction shared among banks. We demonstrate that the traditional statistical metrics used to train and evaluate the performance of learning systems (ie. statistical accuracy or ROC analysis) are misleading and perhaps inappropriate for this application. Cost-based metrics are more relevant in certain domains, and defining such metrics poses significant and interesting research questions both in evaluating systems and alternative models, and in formalizing the problems to which one may wish to apply data mining technologies. This paper also demonstrates how the techniques developed for fraud detection can be generalized and applied to the important area of intrusion detection in networked information systems. We report the outcome of recent evaluations of our system applied to tcpdump network intrusion data specifically with respect to statistical accuracy. This work involved building additional components of JAM that we have come to call, MADAM ID (Mining Audit Data for Automated Models for Intrusion Detection). However, taking the next step to define cost-based models for intrusion detection poses interesting new research questions. We describe our initial ideas about how to evaluate intrusion detection systems using cost models learned during our work on fraud detection.
Microbiology of airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (1991)

Individuals with cystic fibrosis have abbreviated life spans primarily due to chronic airway infection. A limited number of types of organisms are responsible for these infections, with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being of primary importance. In the pre-antibiotic era, greater than 90% of deaths due to infection were caused by S. aureus and death usually occurred in the first 2 years of life. With the advent of effective antistaphylococcal therapy, life spans increased and P. aeruginosa became the pathogen of primary importance. P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis have a unique phenotypic characteristic referred to as "mucoid." The mucoid phenotype is due to the production of a mucoid exopolysaccharide. A mucoid exopolysaccharide is believed to play a central role in the establishment of chronic pseudomonal lung infection in these patients. A third organism, Pseudomonas cepacia, has recently been detected in the airways of older patients with cystic fibrosis and is associated with increased mortality. The virulence of P. cepacia is not understood, but the organism is extremely refractory to antimicrobial therapy. Other bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, appear to play a secondary role in airway infection. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important fungal agent causing allergic bronchopulmonary disease. The role of viruses has only recently been examined. At least in some patients with cystic fibrosis, respiratory syncytial virus may be important in predisposing to subsequent bacterial infections.
Transglutaminase-Mediated Oligomerization of Galectin-3 Modulates Human Melanoma Cell Interactions with Laminin (1998)

Tumor cell adhesion and migration to laminin are important events during invasion and metastatic spread. Galectin-3, a multifunctional member of the galectin family, binds specifically the poly-N-acetyllactosamine residues of laminin and has been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Galectin-3 is multimerized by transglutaminase, an enzyme that catalyzes cross-linking between glutamine and other aminoacid residues. In this study, we examined the consequences of transglutaminase-mediated galectin-3 oligomerization on the interactions between cancer cells and laminin. We first demonstrated that human galectin-3 is cross-linked by guinea pig liver transglutaminase, forms oligomers, and incorporates the marker 5-(biotinamido) pentylamine. Expression of transglutaminase activity in the A375 and A2058 human melanoma cell extracts was revealed by its ability to induce galectin-3 oligomerization and 5-(biotinamido) pentylamine incorporation. Transglutaminase-treated galectin-3 did not affect adhesion or migration of the melanoma cells to laminin but consistently induced a significant increase of the percentage of cell spreading compared to the control (23.5 +/- 2.3%, vs. 10.6 +/- 1.9% at 180 min, p < 0.05), or to untreated galectin-3 or transglutaminase alone. Our study is the first demonstration that human galectin-3 is oligomerized by transglutaminase with, as a consequence, a specific effect of melanoma cell spreading on laminin. This phenomenon could be of significance in the modulation of cancer cell interactions with laminin during tumor invasion and metastasis.