gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of the specific elastase inhibitor, alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone, on elastase-induced emphysema. (1980)

The chloromethylketone derivative of the tetrapeptide, alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine significantly diminishes the extent of experimental elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters. A total of 19 mg of alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone was administered intraperitoneally in divided doses before and immediately after intratracheal instillation of a standard dose (4 units) of porcine pancreatic elastase. Morphologic evaluation and measurement of mean linear intercept, internal surface area, and lung volume performed 7, 45, and 120 days after exposure to elastase indicated a marked decrease in the extent of emphysema in the group treated with alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone compared with the control group. Lung elastin content determined biochemically confirmed the preservation of elastin in the hamsters treated with alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone. At postmortem examination by light microscopy, no pathologic abnormalities were observed in the organs of hamsters treated with alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone. These data indicate that alanyl alanyl prolyl alanine chloromethylketone in the doses administered (1) had significant anti-elastase activity in vivo; (2) markedly decreased the extent of elastase-induced emphysema; and (3) produced no adverse toxic effect during the period covered by this study protocol.
"Beautiful Necessities:" American Beauty and the Idea of Freedom (2002)

A central theme of American Beauty is the disjunction between the quests for liberation undertaken by its characters and the discoveries at which a few of them arrive. The world of the film is carefully structured as a culturally deterministic system. Nevertheless, a kind of freedom - epitomized by the experience of beauty - becomes possible for some of the characters even in the grip of fatal necessities. The Buddhist concept of mushotoku (non-attainment) and Emerson's idea of Beautiful Necessity are used to explicate the film's complex exploration of freedom and fate.
Bod1 regulates protein phosphatase 2A at mitotic kinetochores (2013)

Mitotic entry and progression require the activation of several mitotic kinases and the proper regulation and localization of several phosphatases. The activity and localization of each of these enzymes is tightly controlled through a series of specific activators, inhibitors and regulatory subunits. Two proteins, Ensa and Arpp-19, were recently identified as specific inhibitors of PP2A-B55 and are critical for allowing full activity of Cdk1/cyclin B and entry into mitosis. Here we show that Bod1, a protein required for proper chromosome alignment at mitosis, shares sequence similarity with Ensa and Arpp-19 and specifically inhibits the kinetochore-associated PP2A-B56 holoenzyme. PP2A-B56 regulates the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments by dephosphorylating several kinetochore proteins. Loss of Bod1 changes the balance of phosphorylation at kinetochores, causing defects in kinetochore function. Bod1, Ensa and Arpp-19 define a family of specific PP2A inhibitors that regulate specific PP2A holoenzymes at distinct locations and points in the cell cycle.
The PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway delivers an anti-apoptotic signal. (1997)

Serum and certain growth factors have the ability to inhibit programmed cell death (apoptosis) and promote survival. The mechanism by which growth factors deliver an anti-apoptotic signal and the mechanism by which this survival signal is uncoupled from mitogenesis are not clear. We studied five downstream effectors of growth factor receptors--Ras, Raf, Src, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and Akt (PKB)--for their abilities to block apoptosis. Activated forms of Ras, Raf, and Src, although transforming, were not sufficient to deliver a survival signal upon serum withdrawal. In contrast, inhibition of PI 3-kinase accelerated apoptosis, and an activated form of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, a downstream effector of PI 3-kinase, blocked apoptosis. The ability of Akt to promote survival was dependent on and proportional to its kinase activity. In Rat1a fibroblasts, activated Akt did not alter Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) expression but inhibited Ced3/ICE-like activity. Thus, the PI 3-kinase/Akt (PKB) signaling pathway transduces a survival signal that ultimately blocks Ced3/ICE-like activity. These results suggest that uncoupling of survival and mitogenesis can be explained by differing abilities of distinct mitogens to efficiently induce the PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
MercExchange v. eBay: Should Newsgroup Postings Be Considered Printed Publications as a Matter of Law in Patent Litigation? (2005)

Part I of this Note provides a brief background concerning eBay's method of doing business, its subsequent litigation with MercExchange and the applicable patent law. Part II presents relevant facts about newsgroups and other types of internet documents. Part III discusses eBay's invalidity defense used in its case against MercExchange's patents. The legal issue - whether a newsgroup posting should be considered a printed publication within the meaning of the patent statutes - arises from eBay's invalidity defense. As it turns out, the district court's ruling on this issue in MercExchange v. eBay conflicts with the relevant policy and practice of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (hereinafter "PTO") and also seems to contradict the trend of the relevant Federal Circuit cases. Part IV examines the unresolved issue in light of the patent case law and the unique facts associated with newsgroups. Part V addresses concerns over the evidentiary competency of news group postings. Lastly, Part VI concludes that newsgroup postings should be considered printed publications in patent disputes.
Interaction of adenoviral proteins with pRB and p53 (1993)

The transforming gene products of the small DNA tumor viruses subvert host cell growth control mechanisms by binding to specific cell regulatory proteins. These include the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) and p53. One indication of the pivotal roles played by these regulatory products is the observation that they are each targeted consistently by viruses of several groups, by adenoviruses, the human papillomaviruses, and the papovaviruses. In adenovirus, pRB and p53 are targeted by the E1A and E1B genes, respectively. The genetic probes made possible by manipulation of the virus genes in vitro have helped to illuminate the pathways in which pRB and p53 function. E1A studies have contributed to our current understanding that the retinoblastoma product is one of a family of related proteins, which with associated cyclins and kinases can modulate the activity of the cellular E2F transcription factor. E1B studies have helped explore models of p53 function, including the suggestion that p53, probably through aspects of its transcription regulating activity, can initiate a pathway in which programmed cell death can be invoked to stop unrestricted cell proliferation.
Baculovirus Alkaline Nuclease Possesses a 5′→3′ Exonuclease Activity and Associates with the DNA-Binding Protein LEF-3 (2003)

Alkaline nuclease (AN) of the Autographa californica multiple-capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) (open reading frame 133) was expressed in recombinant baculovirus as a His(6)-tagged fusion and purified by sequential chromatography on Ni-NTA-agarose, DEAE-Toyopearl, and heparin-Sepharose. At all stages of purification, AcMNPV AN was found to copurify with a 44-kDa polypeptide which was identified as the baculovirus single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding (SSB) protein, LEF-3. Sedimentation analysis in glycerol gradients of highly purified samples suggested that AN and LEF-3 are associated in a complex (designated *AN/L3), predominantly as heterodimers, although oligomeric forms containing both proteins were evident. In reactions with single- or double-stranded 62-mer oligonucleotides that were labeled with (32)P at the 5' or 3' ends, *AN/L3 carried out exonucleolytic hydrolysis of both substrates exclusively in a 5'-->3' direction. Saturation of ssDNA with an excess of LEF-3 prior to the addition of *AN/L3 resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of ssDNA hydrolysis. This suggests that excess LEF-3 may protect ssDNA from digestion by a AN-LEF-3 complex, thus regulating its activity in infected cells. The association of baculovirus AN with the viral SSB LEF-3 and the 5'-->3' exonuclease activity of this complex suggests that AN and LEF-3 may participate in homologous recombination of the baculovirus genome in a manner similar to that of exonuclease (Redalpha) and DNA-binding protein (Redbeta) of the Red-mediated homologous recombination system of bacteriophage lambda.
Progress in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma (2000)

High-dose myeloablative treatment followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has significantly improved survival of patients younger than 65 years of age with multiple myeloma as compared with conventional chemotherapy. However, all patients seem to relapse and molecular remissions are rare. Results of allogeneic transplantation, still hampered by high transplant-related mortality, have improved dramatically over the last 5-6 years and this is an option for patients younger than 50-55 years old. The relapse rate is lower than with autologous transplantation and molecular remissions are frequent. Some patients are still in complete haematological remission more the 10 years following transplantation. Autologous transplantation followed by nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation is on trial and may be a way to eventually cure a fraction of younger patients with multiple myeloma.
Structural Mimicry of Canonical Conformations in Antibody Hypervariable Loops Using Cyclic Peptides Containing a Heterochiral Diproline Template (1999)

Analyses of high resolution crystal structures have shown that antibody hypervariable loops L1, L2, and L3 from the light chain, as well as H1 and H2 from the heavy chain, can be assigned to only a small family of canonical conformations. We describe here attempts to generate structural mimetics of L2, L3, and H2 canonical conformations, which are β-hairpin structures connecting adjacent antiparallel β-strands. The five mimetics studied comprise cyclic peptides, in which the CDR loop has been transplanted from the immunoglobulin framework onto a d-Pro-l-Pro template. Their preferred conformations have been studied by NMR and MD with time-averaged, NOE-derived distance restraints. The results show that accurate mimetics of L3 and H2 loops can be obtained, whereas the L2 canonical conformation, which appears to be inherently strained, could not be mimicked in this way. For example, an eight-residue L3 loop from antibody HC19 attached to the d-Pro-l-Pro template adopts not only a backbone hairpin conformation but also aromatic−aromatic T-stacking interactions between tryptophan side-chains, that are essentially identical to those in the antibody crystal structure. This straightforward and effective approach to hairpin design may be of great value for generating small molecule mimetics of hairpin loops on proteins of diverse function.
Tumor progression in four mammary epithelial cell lines derived from the same patient. (1990)

Two primary and two metastatic cell lines with distinct phenotypes and genotypes have been established from a patient diagnosed as having infiltrating and intraductal mammary carcinoma (21T series). All four lines can be cultured in the same medium, DFCI-1, which also supports long-term growth of normal epithelial cells. Therefore, we have been able to compare normal and tumor cells at the cellular and molecular levels. The mammary origin of the 21T series was confirmed by using antibodies against the human milk fat globule antigen-2 epitope. The two primary tumor lines (21NT and 21PT) are both immortal and aneuploid, although only 21NT is tumorigenic in the nude mouse assay. The two populations derived from the metastatic pleural effusion (21MT-1 and 21MT-2) each exhibit distinct characteristics in morphology and growth factor requirements. The erbB2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in all of these cell lines compared to normal epithelial cell controls. These four tumor cell lines from a single patient represent a mammary tumor progression series that has been established in long-term cell culture.
Mutational Analysis of the HIS4 Translational Initiator Region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)

We have mutated various features of the 5' noncoding region of the HIS4 mRNA in light of established Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian consensus translational initiator regions. Our analysis indicates that insertion mutations that introduce G + C-rich sequences in the leader, particularly those that result in stable stem-loop structures in the 5' noncoding region of the HIS4 message, severely affect translation initiation. Mutations that alter the length of the HIS4 leader from 115 to 39 nucleotides had no effect on expression, and sequence context changes both 5' and 3' to the HIS4 AUG start codon resulted in no more than a twofold decrease of expression. Changing the normal context at HIS4 5'-AAUAAUGG-3' to the optimal sequence context proposed for mammalian initiator regions 5'-CACCAUGG-3' did not result in stimulation of HIS4 expression. These studies, in conjunction with comparative and genetic studies in S. cerevisiae, support a general mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis as proposed by the ribosomal scanning model.
N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) retinamide is cytotoxic to melanoma cells InVitro through induction of programmed cell death (1999)

Melanoma is a highly malignant and increasingly common tumour. Since metastatic melanoma remains incurable, new treatment approaches are needed. Previously, we reported that the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide, HPR) induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells, sharing a neuroectodermal origin with melanoma cells. Since no data exist thus far on the effects of HPR on human melanoma tumours, our purpose was to investigate the in vitro modulation of cell growth and apoptosis by HPR in melanoma cells. Ten human melanoma cell lines were exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of HPR. Dose-dependent growth inhibition and cytotoxicity were observed. According to cytofluorimetric analysis, propidium iodide staining and TUNEL assay, HPR-treated melanoma cells were shown to undergo apoptosis. However, IC50 values ranged from 5 to 28 μM, while IC90 values were between 10 and 45 μM. These last concentrations are approximately 10-fold higher than those achievable in patients given oral HPR. To explore the potential of new delivery strategies, HPR was loaded at high concentrations into immunoliposomes directed to disialoganglioside GD2, a tumour-specific antigen extensively expressed by neuroectoderma-derived tumours. Treatment of melanoma cells for a short time (2 hr) with HPR-containing immunoliposomes followed by culture in drug-free medium gave rise to apoptosis of target cells, whereas cells treated for 2 hr with equivalent concentrations of the free drug survived. The efficacy of immunoliposomal HPR was strongly dependent on the density of GD2 expression in the different cell lines. Int. J. Cancer 81:262–267, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) (2011)

The spinel compound Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) was synthesized by a solid state method. In this synthesizing process, anatase TiO(2) and Li(2)CO(3) were used as reactants. The influences of reaction temperature and calcination time on the properties of products were studied. When calcination temperature was 750 degrees C and calcination temperature was 24 h, the products exhibited good electrochemical properties. Its discharge capacity reached 160mAh g(-1) and its capacity retention was 97% at the 50th cycle when the current rate was 1 C. When current rate increased to 10 C, its first discharge capacity could reach 136mAh g(-1), and its capacity retention was 85% at the 50th cycle. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
.beta.-Lactam antibiotics: a formal stereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-thienamycin (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.beta.-Lactam antibiotics: a formal stereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-thienamycinPaul A. Grieco, Daniel L. Flynn, and Robert E. ZelleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 21, 6414–6417Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00333a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00333a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probing the Structure of the PI-SceI-DNA Complex by Affinity Cleavage and Affinity Photocross-linking (2000)

The PI-SceI protein is an intein-encoded homing endonuclease that initiates the mobility of its gene by making a double strand break at a single site in the yeast genome. The PI-SceI protein splicing and endonucleolytic active sites are separately located in each of two domains in the PI-SceI structure. To determine the spatial relationship between bases in the PI-SceI recognition sequence and selected PI-SceI amino acids, the PI-SceI-DNA complex was probed by photocross-linking and affinity cleavage methods. Unique solvent-accessible cysteine residues were introduced into the two PI-SceI domains at positions 91, 97, 170, 230, 376, and 378, and the mutant proteins were modified with either 4-azidophenacyl bromide or iron (S)-1-(p-bromoacetamidobenzyl)-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (FeBABE). The phenyl azide-coupled proteins cross-linked to the PI-SceI target sequence, and the FeBABE-modified proteins cleaved the DNA proximal to the derivatized amino acid. The results suggest that an extended beta-hairpin loop in the endonuclease domain that contains residues 376 and 378 contacts the major groove near the PI-SceI cleavage site. Conversely, residues 91, 97, and 170 in the protein splicing domain are in close proximity to a distant region of the substrate. To interpret our results, we used a new PI-SceI structure that is ordered in regions of the protein that bind DNA. The data strongly support a model of the PI-SceI-DNA complex derived from this structure.
Composite of sulfur impregnated in porous hollow carbon spheres as the cathode of Li-S batteries with high performance (2012)

Carbon-sulfur composites as the cathode of rechargeable Li-S batteries have shown outstanding electrochemical performance for high power devices. Here, we report the promising electrochemical charge-discharge properties of a carbon-sulfur composite, in which sulfur is impregnated in porous hollow carbon spheres (PHCSs) via a melt-diffusion method. Instrumental analysis shows that the PHCSs, which were prepared by a facile template strategy, are characterized by high specific surface area (1520 m2·g−1), large pore volume (2.61 cm3·g−1), broad pore size distribution from micropores to mesopores, and high electronic conductivity (2.22 S·cm−1). The carbon-sulfur composite with a sulfur content of 50.2 wt.% displays an initial discharge capacity of 1450 mA·h·g−1 (which is 86.6% of the theoretical specific capacity) and a reversible discharge capacity of 1357 mA·h·g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 C charge-discharge rate. At a higher rate of 0.5C, the capacity stabilized at around 800 mA·h·g−1 after 30 cycles. The results illustrate that the porous carbon-sulfur composites with hierarchically porous structure have potential application as the cathode of Li-S batteries because of their effective improvement of the electronic conductivity, the repression of the volume expansion, and the reduction of the shuttling loss.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the systems water-sulfuric acid-hydrochloric acid, water-sulfuric acid-hydrobromic acid, and water-hydrobromic acid at 780 mmHg pressure (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-liquid equilibrium data for the systems water-sulfuric acid-hydrochloric acid, water-sulfuric acid-hydrobromic acid, and water-hydrobromic acid at 780 mmHg pressureJean Louis E. Chevalier and Yves H. Gaston-BonhommeCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1980, 25, 3, 271–273Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60086a014https://doi.org/10.1021/je60086a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyclic Brush Polymers by Combining Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization and the “Grafting from” Technique (2012)

A novel synthetic route to cyclic brush polymers was developed by combining ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) and the "grafting from" technique. In this approach, ultrahigh molecular weight cyclic polymers with hydroxyl side groups were synthesized first by REMP to form the cyclic macroinitiators. Polyester side chains were then grown from these cyclic macroinitiators by virtue of a triazabicyclodecene-catalyzed cyclic ester ring-opening polymerization to produce the cyclic brush polymers.