gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by ganciclovir of cell growth and DNA synthesis of cells biochemically transformed with herpesvirus genetic information (1987)

The ability of LM cells, thymidine kinase-deficient LM cells (LMTK-), and LMTK- cells transformed to the LMTK+ phenotype by herpes simplex virus type 1 genetic information (LH7 cells) to anabolize the acyclovir congener ganciclovir was examined. About 50-fold more ganciclovir triphosphate was produced by LH7 cells than by either LM or LMTK- cells. Growth inhibition studies indicated that 180 and 120 microM ganciclovir were required to achieve 50% growth inhibition of LM and LMTK- cells, respectively; only 0.07 microM ganciclovir was necessary to achieve 50% inhibition of LH7 cells. DNA synthesis in the transformed cells was significantly reduced by ganciclovir treatment, whereas ganciclovir had little effect on DNA synthesis in the nontransformed cells. Alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of transformed cellular DNA indicated that LH7 DNA synthesized in the presence of ganciclovir chased into mature DNA. Both LM and LH7 DNA synthesized in the presence of ganciclovir exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the rate of elongation into mature DNA. Finally, [14C]ganciclovir was incorporated internally into the growing chains of LH7 cells.
Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence (2006)

The primary purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role physical inactivity plays in the development of chronic disease and premature death. We confirm that there is irrefutable evidence of the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis) and premature death. We also reveal that the current Health Canada physical activity guidelines are sufficient to elicit health benefits, especially in previously sedentary people. There appears to be a linear relation between physical activity and health status, such that a further increase in physical activity and fitness will lead to additional improvements in health status.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Microemulsion:  The Effect of Nonionic Surfactants (2001)

A water-in-oil microemulsion method has been applied for the preparation of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Three different nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Igepal CO-520, and Brij-97) have been used for the preparation of microemulsions, and their effects on the particle size, crystallinity, and the magnetic properties have been studied. The iron oxide nanoparticles are formed by the coprecipitation reaction of ferrous and ferric salts with inorganic bases. A strong base, NaOH, and a comparatively mild base, NH4OH, have been used in each surfactant to observe whether the basicity has some influence on the crystallization process during particle formation. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray electron diffraction, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry have been employed to study both uncoated and silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. All these particles show magnetic behavior close to that of superparamagnetic materials. By use of this method, magnetic nanoparticles as small as 1−2 nm and of very uniform size (percentage standard deviation is less than 10%) have been synthesized. A uniform silica coating as thin as 1 nm encapsulating the bare nanoparticles is formed by the base-catalyzed hydrolysis and the polymerization reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in microemulsion. All experimental results are also compared with those for particles synthesized in pure water.
Quorum-sensing Salmonella selectively trigger protein expression within tumors (2015)

Salmonella that secrete anticancer proteins have the potential to eliminate tumors, but nonspecific expression causes damage to healthy tissue. We hypothesize that Salmonella, integrated with a density-dependent switch, would only express proteins in tightly packed colonies within tumors. To test this hypothesis, we cloned the lux quorum-sensing (QS) system and a GFP reporter into nonpathogenic Salmonella. Fluorescence and bacterial density were measured in culture and in a tumor-on-a-chip device to determine the critical density necessary to initiate expression. QS Salmonella were injected into 4T1 tumor-bearing mice to quantify GFP expression in vivo using immunofluorescence. At densities below 0.6 × 10(10) cfu/g in tumors, less than 3% of QS Salmonella expressed GFP. Above densities of 4.2 × 10(10) cfu/g, QS Salmonella had similar expression levels to constitutive controls. GFP expression by QS colonies was dependent upon the distance to neighboring bacteria. No colonies expressed GFP when the average distance to neighbors was greater than 155 µm. Calculations of autoinducer concentrations showed that expression was sigmoidally dependent on density and inversely dependent on average radial distance. Based on bacterial counts from excised tissue, the liver density (0.0079 × 10(10) cfu/g) was less than the critical density (0.11 × 10(10) cfu/g) necessary to initiate expression. QS Salmonella are a promising tool for cancer treatment that will target drugs to tumors while preventing damage to healthy tissue.
A Novel Automated Slide-Based Technology for Visualization, Counting, and Characterization of the Formed Elements of Blood: A Proof of Concept Study (2017)

- Quantitative results for components of the complete blood count and automated white blood cell differential count can be developed by image analysis of a monolayer preparation of a known volume of peripheral blood.
Cryoprotective capacity of end products of anaerobic metabolism (1989)

Abstract The cryoprotective capacity of end products of anaerobic metabolism was measured using resonance energy transfer studies and stabilization of freeze‐labile enzymes during freeze‐thaw. The most effective end products of anaerobic metabolism at preventing fusion of small unilamellar vesicles during freezing were alanopine, alanine, proprionate, acetate, and lactate. Octopine and strombine were less effective, and ethanol resulted in fusion. Lactate dehydrogenase or phosphofructokinase were protected during freeze‐thaw by all of the end products tested. The possible mechanisms of protection of lipid bilayers and enzymes as well as the implications of these results for the survival of intertidal bivalve molluscs during winter are discussed.
Mutations at the palmitoylation site of non-structural protein nsP1 of Semliki Forest virus attenuate virus replication and cause accumulation of compensatory mutations (2007)

The replicase of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) consists of four non-structural proteins, designated nsP1-4, and is bound to cellular membranes via an amphipathic peptide and palmitoylated cysteine residues of nsP1. It was found that mutations preventing nsP1 palmitoylation also attenuated virus replication. The replacement of these cysteines by alanines, or their deletion, abolished virus viability, possibly due to disruption of interactions between nsP1 and nsP4, which is the catalytic subunit of the replicase. However, during a single infection cycle, the ability of the virus to replicate was restored due to accumulation of second-site mutations in nsP1. These mutations led to the restoration of nsP1-nsP4 interaction, but did not restore the palmitoylation of nsP1. The proteins with palmitoylation-site mutations, as well as those harbouring compensatory mutations in addition to palmitoylation-site mutations, were enzymically active and localized, at least in part, on the plasma membrane of transfected cells. Interestingly, deletion of 7 aa including the palmitoylation site of nsP1 had a relatively mild effect on virus viability and no significant impact on nsP1-nsP4 interaction. Similarly, the change of cysteine to alanine at the palmitoylation site of nsP1 of Sindbis virus had only a mild effect on virus replication. Taken together, these findings indicate that nsP1 palmitoylation as such is not the factor determining the ability to bind to cellular membranes and form a functional replicase complex. Instead, these abilities may be linked to the three-dimensional structure of nsP1 and the capability of nsP1 to interact with other components of the viral replicase complex.
Thalassemia intermedia resulting from a mild beta-thalassemia mutation (1989)

We investigated the molecular basis for a mild phenotype in a group of patients with beta + thalassemia originating from Northern Sardinia by definition of the beta-thalassemia mutation, alpha-globin mapping and beta-globin haplotype determination. In nine patients, we detected the compound heterozygous state for the -87 promoter mutation and the codon 39 nonsense mutation; in one patient, we detected the combination of the codon 39 nonsense mutation and beta + IVS-1 nt 6 mutation. These patients were either nontransfusion dependent for survival or became transfusion dependent later. We did not detect the -87 promoter mutation in any of 115 thalassemia major patients originating from the same part of Sardinia, investigated as controls. Heterozygotes for the - 87 promoter mutation showed statistically higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels and larger and better hemoglobinized RBCs as compared with heterozygotes for the codon 39 nonsense mutation. From these data, we conclude that the -87 promoter mutation is a mild thalassemia allele, able to produce a phenotype of intermediate severity even in combination with a beta degree-thalassemia mutant. The coinheritance of alpha-thalassemia or the -++-- 5′ subhaplotype in several cases may have contributed to development of the mild clinical picture. Characterization of the beta-thalassemia mutation in combination with alpha-globin mapping and haplotype analysis may allow a better estimate of the probability of a given clinical phenotype, thus permitting more accurate counseling.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Induces Redifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells With Accelerated Reendothelialization (2001)

We recently reported that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) occurs in vascular endothelial cells and acts as a vascular-type natriuretic peptide. In the present study, we stimulated the cGMP cascade in proliferating smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in which particulate guanylate cyclase-B, the specific receptor for CNP, is predominantly expressed, by use of an adenovirus encoding rat CNP cDNA (Ad.CNP). In the Ad.CNP-treated cultured SMCs, CNP caused the growth inhibition of SMCs at G(1) phase with an early increase of p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression and subsequent upregulation of p16(INK4a). The expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-2, which is the molecular marker of highly differentiated SMCs, was reinduced in the Ad.CNP-treated SMCs. The Ad.CNP-treated SMCs also reexpressed particulate guanylate cyclase-A, which shows high affinity to atrial and brain natriuretic peptide and is exclusively expressed in well-differentiated SMCs. CNP, which was overexpressed in rabbit femoral arteries in vivo at the time of balloon injury, significantly suppressed neointimal formation. Furthermore, an enhancement of the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-2 occurred in the residual neointima. In addition, early regeneration of endothelial cells was observed in the Ad.CNP-infected group. Thus, stimulation of cGMP cascade in proliferating dedifferentiated SMCs can induce growth inhibition and redifferentiation of SMCs with accelerated reendothelialization.
Characterization of a needle hydrophone array for acoustic feedback during ultrasound hyperthermia treatments (2003)

A prototype 16-element needle hydrophone array has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The primary use of this array is to provide acoustic feedback during ultrasound hyperthermia treatments. This feedback is necessary to compensate phase array heating patterns for patient motion and tissue inhomogeneities in real time. The array consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) covered silicon substrate carrier which contains the signal electrodes of the individual acoustic sensors. Tests show that the array is sensitive to both pulsed and continuous ultrasound (943-kHz) excitation and can be used in tissue media. A complete description of the needle array, element cross-coupling measurements, beam profile measurements, calibration procedures, and sensitivity analyses in both water and tissue is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Overcoming hydrolytic sensitivity and low solubility of phosphitylation reagents by combining ionic liquids with mechanochemistry (2011)

Ionic liquids have been used in combination with ball milling on a range of chlorophosphoramidite reagents to phosphitylate nucleosides and 2-deoxynucleosides. The enhanced stability offered by the ionic liquid mediated processes combined with efficient mass transfer induced by ball milling has enabled excellent yields to be obtained even when using small dialkyl amino groups as well as the more commonly used diisopropylamino protection.
Development of Hepatic Steatosis After Pancreatoduodenectomy (2007)

Pancreatoduodenectomy had a significant influence on hepatic fat content and was associated with frequent occurrence of hepatic steatosis, which was easily recognized with CT.
Starch Microparticles as Oral Vaccine Adjuvant: Antigen-dependent Uptake in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa (2004)

An oral vaccine formulation comprised of starch microparticles with conjugated antigens is being developed. In this report we have examined the uptake of such microparticles by the intestinal mucosa and examined whether the conjugated antigen can influence the uptake. Two model antigens were used: recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB), which is known to bind to the ubiquitous GM1-receptor, and human serum albumin (HSA) which is not known to have any specific binding properties. The uptake was studied in mouse ligated intestinal loops into which the microparticles were injected. The intestinal loops were excised, fixed in ice-cold 95% ethanol. Entire specimens were mounted, exposed to fluorescence-labeled reagents staining the cytoskeleton, the particles and/or M cells and examined in a confocal laser-scanning microscope. A qualitative difference in the uptake of the rCTB- and HSA-conjugated microparticles was seen. The rCTB-conjugated microparticles were found both in villi and in the follicles of the Peyer's patches. HSA-conjugated microparticles could only be detected in the follicles of the Peyer's patches and not in villi. The rCTB conjugated to the microparticles did not lose its ability to bind the GM1-receptor, as shown with a GM1-ELISA, and the uptake of rCTB-conjugated microparticles in villi is most probably facilitated by the rCTB binding to the GM1-receptor. The qualitative difference in uptake could be of importance for the development of an immune response as the cytokine and chemokine microenvironment during antigen presentation will decide the differentiation of the immune response induced.
Scalable link community detection: A local dispersion-aware approach (2016)

Real-life systems involving interacting objects are typically modeled as graphs and can often grow very large in size. Revealing the community structure of such systems is crucial in helping us better understand their complex nature. However, the ever-increasing size of real-world graphs, and our evolving perception of what a community is, make the task of community detection very challenging. One such challenge, is the discovery of the possibly overlapping communities of a given node in a billion-node graph. This problem is very common in modern large social networks like Facebook and Linkedln. In this paper, we propose a scalable local community detection approach to efficiently unfold the communities of individual target nodes in a given network. Our goal is to reveal the groupings formed around nodes (e.g., users) by leveraging the relations of the different contexts the nodes participate in. Our algorithm, termed Local Dispersion-aware Link Communities or LDLC, measures the similarity of pairs of links in the graph as well as the extent of their participation in multiple contexts. Then, it determines the ordering that we should group the links in order to form communities. Our approach is not affected by constraints existent in previous techniques (e.g., the need for several seed nodes or the need to collapse multiple overlapping communities to one). Our experimental evaluation using ground-truth communities for a wide range of large real-world networks show that LDLC significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both accuracy and efficiency.
VITAMIN C INHIBITS NFκB ACTIVATION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (1997)

Conference Abstract| February 01 1997 VITAMIN C INHIBITS NFκB ACTIVATION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ANDREW BOWIE; ANDREW BOWIE 1Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar LUKE A. J. O'NEILL LUKE A. J. O'NEILL 2Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (1): 131S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025131s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ANDREW BOWIE, LUKE A. J. O'NEILL; VITAMIN C INHIBITS NFκB ACTIVATION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1997; 25 (1): 131S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025131s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: Des, desferrioxamine, DMPO, 5,5′-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, H2O2, hydrogen peroxide, IL1, interleukin-1, NAC, N-acetyl cysteine, PDTC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, ROS, reactive oxygen species, TNF, tumour necrosis factor This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Preparation of superconducting thin films of Ba2YCu3O7 by a novel spin-on pyrolysis technique (1987)

A technique is described for preparing superconducting cuprate thin films using wet chemical precursors. This new method is simple and inexpensive, and allows facile manipulation of film stoichiometry. A solution of metal acetates in aqueous acetic acid is spun on a substrate, pyrolyzed, and heat treated. A 1600-Å film of Ba2YCu3O7 prepared by this method had a room-temperature resistivity of 500 μΩ cm, Tc(onset) of 90 K, and R=0 at 58 K. It showed preferential orientation with the orthorhombic c axis perpendicular to the film, and random azimuthal orientation. The preparation and electrical and microstructural characterization of these films are discussed.
Recombinant F(ab') C242-Pseudomonas exotoxin, but not the whole antibody-based immunotoxin, causes regression of a human colorectal tumor xenograft. (1995)

We have previously made a Mr 195,000 immunotoxin (IT) composed of mAb C242 coupled to Pseudomonas exotoxin A. This IT inhibited growth but did not cause regression of a human colorectal cancer xenograft growing in nude mice (W. Debinski et al., J. Clin. Invest., 90: 405-411, 1992). Since smaller proteins penetrate into tissues and tumors better than larger proteins, we have made a smaller recombinant (r) IT to overcome the hypothesized poor tumor penetration of the Mr 195,000 conjugate. This was accomplished by making a C242rF(ab')-based Mr 86,000 IT. To make rF(ab')-IT, the Fd and kappa chains of mAb C242 were cloned, and kappa was fused at the gene level to PE38QQR, a mutant form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Both C242Fd and C242kappa-PE38QQR were expressed in a bacterial expression system, and large amounts of the C242Fd attached via a disulfide bond to the C242kappa-PE38QQR were obtained. The C242rF(ab')-IT covalently linked heterodimer has a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.2-2.0 ng/ml (2-20 pm, respectively) on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines that express the C242 antigen. When injected into mice bearing Colo205 tumors, the C242rF(ab')-PE38QQR caused an immediate regression of the tumors, while the C242-PE38QQR conjugate had only a growth inhibitory effect. In addition, several cures were obtained. Our results indicate that rIT C242F(ab')-PE38QQR is a much more potent antitumor agent than an IgG conjugate.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor-related DNA in cancer patients (2013)

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging non-invasive blood biomarker utilized to assess tumor progression and to evaluate prognosis, diagnosis and response to treatment. There is a need to develop cfDNA biomarkers to avoid complex risk-prone biopsy procedures for primary or metastatic tumors. Given the challenges associated with inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, the implementation of genome-wide cfDNA analysis will become an important avenue to understand tumor progression and therapeutic settings, not only for predominant, but also for under-represented tumor subclones with specific genomic aberrations. We summarize the latest publications in cfDNA analysis, including a metric analysis of clinical trials and new high-throughput technology applied to cfDNA analysis in clinical oncology.
A Mutant Form of JAB/SOCS1 Augments the Cytokine-induced JAK/STAT Pathway by Accelerating Degradation of Wild-type JAB/CIS Family Proteins through the SOCS-box (2001)

Cytokines exert biological functions by activating Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs), and JAK inhibitors JAB (also referred to as SOCS1 and SSI1) and CIS3 (SOCS3) play an essential role in the negative regulation of cytokine signaling. We have found that transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a mutant JAB (F59D-JAB) exhibited a more potent STAT3 activation and a more severe colitis than did wild-type littermates after treatment with dextran sulfate sodium. We now find that there is a prolonged activation of JAKs and STATs in response to a number of cytokines in T cells from Tg mice with lck promoter-driven F59D-JAB. Overexpression of F59D-JAB also sustained activation of JAK2 in Ba/F3 cells. These data suggested that F59D-JAB up-regulated STAT activity by sustaining JAK activation. To elucidate molecular mechanisms related to F59D-JAB, we analyzed the effects of F59D-JAB on the JAK/STAT pathway using the 293 cell transient expression system. We found that the C-terminal SOCS-box played an essential role in augmenting cytokine signaling by F59D-JAB. The SOCS-box interacted with the Elongin BC complex, and this interaction stabilized JAB. F59D-JAB induced destabilization of wild-type JAB, whereas overexpression of Elongin BC canceled this effect. Levels of endogenous JAB and CIS3 in T cells from F59D-JAB Tg-mouse were lower than in wild-type mice. We propose that F59D-JAB destabilizes wild-type, endogenous JAB and CIS3 by chelating the Elongin BC complex, thereby sustaining JAK activation.