gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An active phased array for mobile satellite communication at Ka-band in LTCC technology (2009)

To transfer broadband services to mobile users by satellite communication a large bandwidth is required. Since the spectrum at lower frequencies is already densely occupied with different services, free broad frequency bands can be found only at Ka-band or at even higher frequencies. However, in this case a high antenna gain is necessary to compensate for the free-space loss. The user terminal antenna should preferably have low profile so that it can be conveniently mounted on e.g. an aircraft, ship or vehicle.
Heterogeneous expression of erbB-2 messenger RNA in human breast cancer. (1989)

Amplification and mRNA expression of the erbB-2 gene was analyzed in 61 samples of primary human breast carcinoma. In the 57 samples where RNA could be isolated four different expression level groups were identified. Comparison of hybridization signal with that for beta-actin revealed that erbB-2 mRNA could not be detected in 6 of 57 samples (11%), was detected at normal levels in 32 of 57 samples (56%), showed 4- to 8-fold overexpression in 8 of 57 samples (14%), and showed 16- to 128-fold overexpression in 11 of 57 samples (19%). Examination of the DNA of the same set of samples revealed 6 of 61 samples (10%) with distinct gene amplification and 6 of 61 samples (10%) with possible gene amplification. The highest levels of erbB-2 overexpression were associated with gene amplification. Samples with 4- to 16-fold overexpression of the erbB-2 mRNA occurred without evident gene abnormalities. There was no association of erbB-2 expression or gene amplification with clinical stage of breast carcinoma or axillary lymph node involvement. The clear amplification of the erbB-2 gene may be associated with a significantly shorter time to treatment failure.
Bend distortion in large-mode-area amplifier fiber design (2007)

As fibers with ever increasing mode area are used to enable high power fiber amplifiers and lasers, it important to use realistic models of bending in fiber design. The standard approach is to consider only the bend-induced losses and mode-coupling when designing an amplifier, even though changes in mode shape are well known in principle. But even coiling a fiber to fit into a reasonable package size produces large bend-induced distortion for fibers with large mode area. Here, several recent results are reviewed. Distortion significantly impacts amplifier performance by reducing the area, and can further degrade the interaction of light with the gain. Scaling rules for the distortion are derived from an intuitive sensitivity model. Bend distortion considerations lead to new strategies for large mode area fiber design, and cast existing strategies in a new light.
Differentiation of bacteriochlorin and isobacteriochlorin formation by metallation. High yield synthesis of porphyrindiones via OsO4 oxidation (1986)

Zinc oxochlorins (porphyrinones) react with osmium tetroxide to give exclusively adjacent-ring saturated isobacteriochlorins without any bacteriochlorins that would normally arise from such a reaction with free base porphyrinones; the diols can be converted into the baem d1-like porphyrindiones.
Rat brain VEGF expression in alveolar hypoxia: possible role in high-altitude cerebral edema (1998)

The mechanism by which hypoxia causes high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is unknown. Tissue hypoxia triggers angiogenesis, initially by expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which has been shown to increase extracerebral capillary permeability. This study investigated brain VEGF expression in 32 rats exposed to progressively severe normobaric hypoxia (9-6% O2) for 0 (control), 3, 6, or 12 h or 1, 2, 3, or 6 days. O2 concentration was adjusted intermittently to the limit of tolerance by activity and intake, but no attempt was made to detect HACE. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that two molecular bands of transcribed VEGF mRNA (approximately 3.9 and 4.7 kb) were upregulated in cortex and cerebellum after as little as 3 h of hypoxia, with a threefold increase peaking at 12-24 h. Western blot revealed that VEGF protein was increased after 12 h of hypoxia, reaching a maximum in approximately 2 days. The expression of flt-1 mRNA was enhanced after 3 days of hypoxia. We conclude that VEGF production in hypoxia is consistent with the hypothesis that angiogenesis may be involved in HACE.
Texture characteristics and microstructure of skim milk mozzarella cheeses made using exopolysaccharide or non-exopolysaccharide producing starter cultures. (2000)

Three batches of mozzarella cheese were prepared using skim milk (< 0.1% fat), each with exopolysaccharide (EPS)-or non-exopolysaccharide (non-EPS)-producing starter cultures consisting of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. The cheeses were analysed for moisture, protein and fat contents and for texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the texture characteristics while the microstructure of the cheeses was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The EPS cheeses showed 1.7% higher moisture content (on total cheese weight) than non-EPS cheeses. Both types of cheeses had similar protein content (-43%). Most of the texture measurements decreased during storage for both types of cheese; however, adhesiveness at 50% compression increased during storage. Both types of cheese showed similar hardness and springiness values during storage; the EPS cheeses showed lower values of cohesiveness and adhesiveness during storage. The microstructure of the cheeses showed large and small voids representing the location of the serum and fat phases. The starter bacteria were located in serum channels. The exopolysaccharide was in the form of filaments, which extended from the protein matrix, probably as a result of dehydration of the EPS during SEM sample preparation. The EPS was primarily produced by S. thermophilus which was found in abundance, but not L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. The EPS cheeses were more open and porous compared to the non-EPS cheeses which could have decreased the cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the product.
Development of HU-211 as a neuroprotectant for ischemic brain damage (1995)

HU-211 (Dexanabinol), a putative neuroprotective agent, was evaluated in a number of animal models including closed head injury, optic nerve crush, global ischemia and focal ischemia. In these models, a single injection of HU-211 given after the insult confers long term functional improvement and significant increase in neuronal survival. Neuroprotective doses of HU-211 were found to be safe in a 14 day toxicological study in two species. In terms of mechanism, the compound behaves as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist in vitro and in vivo. It blocks NMDA stimulated calcium influx in primary neuronal culture, and head injury related calcium influx in rats. In addition, HU-211 is a potent scavenger of peroxy and hydroxy radicals in vitro and it protects cultured neurons from toxicity of radical generators. Thus, Dexanabinol holds a unique position among putative neuroprotective agents since it combines NMDA blocking activity and free radical scavenging properties in one molecule. These observations support the development of HU-211 as a novel, multiple-action treatment approach for brain damage associated with stroke, cardiac arrest and trauma.
Preparation and Characterization of Homogeneous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Scaffolds via In-Situ Hydration (2010)

Hydroxyapatite(HAP)/Chitosan(CS) composite is a biocompatible and bioactive material for tissue engineering. A novel homogeneous HAP/CS composite scaffold was developed via lyophilization and in situ hydration. A model CS solution with a Ca/P atom ratio of 1.67 was prepared through titration and stirring so as to attain a homogeneous dispersion of HAP particles. After lyophilization and in situ hydration, rod-shaped HAP particles (5 μm in diameter) within the CS matrix homogeneously scattered at the pore wall of the CS scaffold. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fouri-er-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of HAP crystals. The compressive strength in the composite scaffold indicated a significant increment over a CS-only scaffold. Bioactivity in vitro was completed by immersing the scaffold in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the result suggested that there was an increase in apatite formation on the HAP/CS scaffolds. Biological in vivo cell culture with MC 3T3-E1 cells for up to 7 days demonstrated that a homogeneous incorporation of HAP particles into CS scaffold led to higher cell viability compared to that of the pure CS scaffold or the HAP/CS scaffold blended. The results suggest that the homogeneous composite scaffold with better strength, bioactivity and biocompatibility can be prepared via in vitro hydration, which may serve as a good scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
MMP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer (1999)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role during the development and metastasis of prostate cancer (CaP). CaP cells secrete high levels of MMPs and low levels of endogenous MMP inhibitors (TIMPs), thus creating an excess balance of MMPs. Established CaP cell lines that express high levels of MMPs frequently metastasize to the bone and the lungs. Drugs such as Taxol and alendronate that reduce cell motility and calcium metabolism reduce bony metastasis of xenografted CaP tumors. We tested several synthetic, nontoxic inhibitors of MMPs that can be administered orally, including doxycycline (DC) and chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) on CaP cells in vitro and on a rat CaP model in vivo. Among several anti-MMP agents tested, CMT-3 (6-deoxy, 6-demethyl,4-de-dimethylamino tetracycline) showed highest activity against CaP cell invasion and cell proliferation. Micromolar concentration of CMT-3 and DC inhibited both the secretion and activity of MMPs by CaP cells. When tested for in vivo efficacy in the Dunning rat CaP model by daily oral gavage, CMT-3 and DC both reduced the lung metastases (> 50%). CMT-3, but not DC, inhibited tumor incidence (55 +/- 9%) and also reduced the tumor growth rate (27 +/- 9.3%). More significantly, the drugs showed minimum systemic toxicity. Ongoing studies indicate that CMT-3 may inhibit the skeletal metastases of CaP cells and delay the onset of paraplegia due to lumbar metastases. These preclinical studies provide the basis for clinical trials of CMT-3 for the treatment of metastatic disease.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 45XD and 47XD TiAl Alloys (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Classification of artificial tears. II: Additives and commercial formulas. (1998)

The pH of normal natural tear is 7.4. In normal tear, the buffer system depends mostly on bicarbonates, but proteins, phosphates, ammonium, and other substances also contribute to it. The pH of artificial tears should reproduce the pH of normal tear, but also maintain the required physical and chemical characteristics ,of the artificial tears (osmolarity, colloidosmolarity, adsorbance, viscosity, etc.). If the pH of a solution is far from the desired one, it can be adjusted with HCl or NaOH (Liquifilm Lagrimas, Liquifresh) and the required buffer. For example, carbomers are acidic in solutions, and therefore NaOH is added to attain a physiological pH; Tears Naturale has a pH of 6.91, with HCl and/or NaOH. A slightly alkaline environment is more compatible with the corneal epithelium than are neutral or acid conditions. Artificial tears with a pH close to 8.5 are the most comfortable for patients with dry eye. 1 The most frequent buffer systems for maintaining an appropriate pH in artificial tears are:
Topical Lidocaine Gel With and Without Subconjunctival Lidocaine Injection for Intravitreal Injection: A Within-Patient Study (2014)

Fifty patients (88%) preferred subconjunctival anesthesia and seven patients (12%) preferred topical anesthesia for ongoing treatments. (P = .0003) CONCLUSION: Given the choice, most patients prefer subconjunctival anesthesia to topical anesthesia for intravitreal injections.
Digital shaping filters for reducing machine vibration (1992)

A digital shaping filter used to shape the input to digitally controlled flexible plants is derived from an input preshaping technique to reduce residual vibration in the plant output. Results from simulations show that these filters reduce plant residual vibration to zero. In addition, an arbitrary rate digital shaping filter is derived that allows the user to select any sampling rate for the digital system. The examination of these filters in the digital Z domain reveals them to be digital notch filters that are robust to vibration-mode parameter shifts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Passive Protection against Anthrax by Using a High-Affinity Antitoxin Antibody Fragment Lacking an Fc Region (2005)

Passive immunization has been successfully employed for protection against bacterial and viral infections for over 100 years. Immunoglobulin Fc regions play a critical role in the clearance of bacterial pathogens by mediating antibody-dependent and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Here we show that antibody fragments engineered to recognize the protective antigen component of the B. anthracis exotoxin with high affinity and conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) for prolonged circulation half-life confer significant protection against inhalation anthrax despite their lack of Fc regions. The speed and lower manufacturing cost of bacterially expressed PEGylated antibody fragments could provide decisive advantages for anthrax prophylaxis. Importantly, our results suggest that PEGylated antibody fragments may represent a unique approach for mounting a rapid therapeutic response to emerging pathogen infections.
Defining the Stoichiometry and Cargo Load of Viral and Bacterial Nanoparticles by Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Accurate mass analysis can provide useful information on the stoichiometry and composition of protein-based particles, such as virus-like assemblies. For applications in nanotechnology and medicine, such nanoparticles are loaded with foreign cargos, making accurate mass information essential to define the cargo load. Here, we describe modifications to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer that enable high mass analysis of several virus-like nanoparticles up to 4.5 MDa in mass. This allows the accurate determination of the composition of virus-like particles. The modified instrument is utilized to determine the cargo load of bacterial encapsulin nanoparticles that were engineered to encapsulate foreign cargo proteins. We find that encapsulin packages from 8 up to 12 cargo proteins, thereby quantifying cargo load but also showing the ensemble spread. In addition, we determined the previously unknown stoichiometry of the three different splice variants of the capsid protein in adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids, showing that symmetry is broken and assembly is heterogeneous and stochastic. These results demonstrate the potential of high-resolution mass analysis of protein-based nanoparticles, with widespread applications in chemical biology and nanotechnology.
Synthesis of Cyclic Imines Having Conjugated Exocyclic Double Bond (1983)

Abstract Cyclic imines with conjugated exocyclic double bond have been synthesized by the reaction of 1-pyrrolinetrimer or 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine trimer with various aldehydes in methanol in moderate to decent yields.
Epitope Determinants of a Chimpanzee Dengue Virus Type 4 (DENV-4)-Neutralizing Antibody and Protection against DENV-4 Challenge in Mice and Rhesus Monkeys by Passively Transferred Humanized Antibody (2007)

The chimpanzee monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5H2 is specific for dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) and neutralizes the virus at a high titer in vitro. The epitope detected by the antibody was mapped by sequencing neutralization escape variants of the virus. One variant contained a Lys174-Glu substitution and another contained a Pro176-Leu substitution in domain I of the DENV-4 envelope protein (E). These mutations reduced binding affinity for the antibody 18- to >100-fold. Humanized immunoglobulin G (IgG) 5H2, originally produced from an expression vector, has been shown to be a variant containing a nine-amino-acid deletion in the Fc region which completely ablates antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV replication in vitro. The variant MAb, termed IgG 5H2 deltaD, is particularly attractive for exploring its protective capacity in vivo. Passive transfer of IgG 5H2 deltaD at 20 microg/mouse afforded 50% protection of suckling mice against challenge with 25 50% lethal doses of mouse neurovirulent DENV-4 strain H241. Passive transfer of antibody to monkeys was conducted to demonstrate proof of concept for protection against DENV challenge. Monkeys that received 2 mg/kg of body weight of IgG 5H2 deltaD were completely protected against 100 50% monkey infectious doses (MID50) of DENV-4, as indicated by the absence of viremia and seroconversion. A DENV-4 escape mutant that contained a Lys174-Glu substitution identical to that found in vitro was isolated from monkeys challenged with 10(6) MID50 of DENV-4. This substitution was also present in all naturally occurring isolates belonging to DENV-4 genotype III. These studies have important implications for possible antibody-mediated prevention of DENV infection.
A method to characterize the dielectric and interfacial properties of metal–insulator-semiconductor structures by microwave measurement (2002)

We have developed a method to investigate the dielectric and interfacial properties of gate dielectric thin films by microwave measurement. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited on 10 Ω cm (normal) and 10 k Ω cm [high-resistivity, (HR)] silicon substrates at the same time by rf magnetron sputtering. For the BST/HR-silicon, coplanar waveguides (CPW) were fabricated and measured at microwave frequencies with thru-reflect-line calibration while capacitance (C–V) measurements were carried out for BST/normal silicon. From the phase change of CPW transmission line and the maximum capacitance in C–V measurement, the dielectric constants of both the BST thin film and interface layer can be determined. Furthermore, the behaviors of insertion loss versus bias voltage were investigated. The results indicate that our method can provide useful information to study the dielectric and interfacial properties of metal–insulator–semiconductor structures.
An active pulsed RF and pulsed DC load-pull system for the characterization of HBT power amplifiers used in coherent radar and communication systems (2000)

This paper presents a new automated and vector error-corrected active load-pull system allowing the characterization of microwave power transistors under coherent pulsed RF and pulsed DC operating conditions. In this paper, the use of this system is focused on the characterization of a 240-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ GaInP-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) (Thomson CSP-LCR, Orsay, France). On one hand, source and load-pull measurements of such a transistor are reported for different pulsewidths. On the other hand, nonlinear simulations based on an electrothermal model of an HBT have been performed and are compared with experiments. Power variations and RF carrier phase shift within the pulse versus input power and junction temperature of the transistor are shown.
Evidence that the Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor ς E Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (1999)

The sigE gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) encodes an RNA polymerase sigma factor belonging to the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) subfamily. Constructed sigE deletion and disruption mutants were more sensitive than the parent to muramidases such as hen egg white lysozyme and to the CwlA amidase from Bacillus subtilis. This correlated with an altered muropeptide profile, as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of lytic digests of purified peptidoglycan. The sigE mutants required high levels of magnesium for normal growth and sporulation, overproducing the antibiotic actinorhodin and forming crenellated colonies in its absence. Together, these data suggest that sigE is required for normal cell wall structure. The role of sigmaE was further investigated by analyzing the expression of hrdD, which is partially sigE dependent. The hrdD gene, which encodes the sigmaHrdD subunit of RNA polymerase, is transcribed from two promoters, hrdDp1 and hrdDp2, both similar to promoters recognized by other ECF sigma factors. The activities of hrdDp1 and hrdDp2 were reduced 20- and 3-fold, respectively, in sigE mutants, although only hrdDp1 was recognized by EsigmaE in vitro. Growth on media deficient in magnesium caused the induction of both hrdD promoters in a sigE-dependent manner.
Antileakage Fourier transform for seismic data regularization (2005)

Abstract Seismic data regularization, which spatially transforms irregularly sampled acquired data to regularly sampled data, is a long-standing problem in seismic data processing. Data regularization can be implemented using Fourier theory by using a method that estimates the spatial frequency content on an irregularly sampled grid. The data can then be reconstructed on any desired grid. Difficulties arise from the nonorthogonality of the global Fourier basis functions on an irregular grid, which results in the problem of “spectral leakage”: energy from one Fourier coefficient leaks onto others. We investigate the nonorthogonality of the Fourier basis on an irregularly sampled grid and propose a technique called “antileakage Fourier transform” to overcome the spectral leakage. In the antileakage Fourier transform, we first solve for the most energetic Fourier coefficient, assuming that it causes the most severe leakage. To attenuate all aliases and the leakage of this component onto other Fourier coefficients, the data component corresponding to this most energetic Fourier coefficient is subtracted from the original input on the irregular grid. We then use this new input to solve for the next Fourier coefficient, repeating the procedure until all Fourier coefficients are estimated. This procedure is equivalent to “reorthogonalizing” the global Fourier basis on an irregularly sampled grid. We demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of this technique with successful applications to both synthetic and real data examples.