gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Using E1-Deleted Adenovirus: A Phase I Trial in the Nasal Cavity. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (1994)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that reflects mutations in the CFTR gene. Multiple mutations in this gene have been detected that lead to a protein (CFTR) that is abnormally metabolized, dysfunction, or both. The full spectrum of the activities of the gene product have not been defined, but it is clear that CFTR can act as a cAMP-regulated Cl- channel. This type of defect is consistent with the physiologic characterization of CF epithelia, which has revealed abnormalities in salt and water transport. In the lung, abnormalities in epithelial salt and water metabolism lead to abnormal mucociliary clearance. This defect in clerance represents a major failure of lung defense and leads ultimately to infection of the lung with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacterial organisms. The chronic inflammatory response to this persistent intraluminal bacterial infection leads to protease-induced destruction of airway walls and finally, lung failure. More than 95% of CF patients die of lung disease. The clinical therapy of CF lung disease is limited to agents designed to promote clearance of secretions from the lung and antibiotics to treat the chronic bacterial infection. Recent laboratory demonstrations that introduction of the normal CFTR cDNA into CF cells corrects the ion transport defects of these cells has led to the hypothesis that gene therapy in the lung can be an effective, novel mode of therapy for this lung disease. The classic gene transfer vectors, e.g., retroviruses, appear to be not well suited for therapy of lung disease because of the low proliferation rate of airway epithelia in vivo. Recently, adenoviruses, which have a natural tropism for airway epithelia, have been genetically modified (E1-deleted) in an attempt to reduce potential toxicity of this virus and provide space for the CFTR cDNA. A series of in vitro studies have shown that this vector is highly efficient for transferring CFTR into airway epithelial cells in culture and correcting the CF defect. Further, studies in whole animals appear to indicate that this mode of gene transfer is associated with a low degree of toxicity. The present study is a dose-effect study designed to test for the safety and efficacy of E1-deleted recombinant adenovirus containing the CFTR cDNA under a CMV-beta-actin promoter in CF nasal epithelia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In vivo and in vitro characterization of murine T-cell clones reactive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1987)

Seventeen helper T-cell clones were derived by stimulating lymph node cells from sensitized C57BL/6 mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, or purified protein derivative. Most clones cross-reacted with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, H37Ra, H37Rv, and purified protein derivative. However, four clones were able to differentiate H37Rv from H37Ra, or BCG from H37Ra and H37Rv. In addition, four other T-cell clones recognized recombinant antigens of 19 and 65 kilodaltons isolated from a genomic expression library of M. tuberculosis by using monoclonal antibodies. All clones were Ia restricted and had the Thy-1.2+ Lyt-1+ L3T4+ Lyt-2- phenotype. On stimulation with antigen, all of the clones tested secreted interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not B-cell stimulatory factor 1. All of the clones tested induced an antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response upon local cell transfer, although the magnitude of this response differed markedly among clones.
Stable Free Radical Polymerization Process:  Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Thermal Decomposition of MB-TMP Monitored by NMR and ESR Spectroscopy (1999)

A detailed experimental investigation was conducted to study the thermal decomposition of the nitroxide adduct N-(1‘-methylbenzyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (MB-TMP) at elevated temperatures using 1H NMR and ESR spectroscopy. At 125 °C, the concentration of TEMPO was followed by ESR spectroscopy, while 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to monitor MB-TMP and the various byproducts of MB-TMP decomposition: styrene, N-hydroxylamine of TEMPO, acetophenone, and sec-phenethyl alcohol. A mechanism was developed to describe the formation of these various products. When oxygen is present in the system, even in trace amounts, the inhibiting effect of aerial oxygen via autoxidation preferentially competes with the reversible capping of 1-phenylethyl radical by TEMPO, which produced acetophenone and sec-phenethyl alcohol.
From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight (2019)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.
Corrections to scaling for percolative conduction: Anomalous behavior at smallL (2001)

Recently Grassberger [Physica A 262, 251 (1999)] has shown that the correction to scaling for the conductance of a bond-percolation network on a square lattice is a nonmonotonic function of the linear lattice dimension with a minimum at $L=10,$ while this anomalous behavior is not present in the site-percolation networks. We perform a high-precision numerical study of the bond-percolation random-resistor networks on the square, triangular, and honeycomb lattices to further examine this result. We use the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means to obtain the conductance and find that the qualitative behavior does not change: it is not related to the shape of the conductance distribution for small system sizes. We show that the anomaly at small L is absent on the triangular and honeycomb networks. We suggest that the nonmonotonic behavior is an artifact of approximating the continuous system for which the theory is formulated by a discrete one that can be simulated on a computer. We show that by slightly changing the definition of the linear lattice size we can eliminate the minimum at small L without significantly affecting the large L limit.
A probabilistic model for component-based shape synthesis (2012)

We present an approach to synthesizing shapes from complex domains, by identifying new plausible combinations of components from existing shapes. Our primary contribution is a new generative model of component-based shape structure. The model represents probabilistic relationships between properties of shape components, and relates them to learned underlying causes of structural variability within the domain. These causes are treated as latent variables, leading to a compact representation that can be effectively learned without supervision from a set of compatibly segmented shapes. We evaluate the model on a number of shape datasets with complex structural variability and demonstrate its application to amplification of shape databases and to interactive shape synthesis.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1998)

MEDI-493 was safe and well-tolerated. Monthly intramuscular doses of 15 mg/kg maintained mean trough serum concentrations that were above 40 microg/ml (the value associated with 99% reduction of pulmonary RSV in the cotton rat model). These concentrations were similar to those previously reported with i.v. administration of MEDI-493.
Endoscopic ligation for benign and malignant lesions of upper digestive tract (1997)

Endoscopic techniques have been used to treat variceal hemorrhage for > 50 years, and are now accepted as first line treatment for this type of esophageal bleeding. While injective sclerotherapy can control hemorrhage in 90% of cases, bleeding reoccurs and complications occur in up to 55%[1] and 40%[2] of cases, respectively. As a result of these problems, better methods for endoscopic treatment of variceal hemorrhage have been continuously studied. Banding ligation was first reported in humans in 1990[3], and has since become an important method used in endoscopic therapy. Moreover, this method has shown reliable effects when used to manage esophageal varices. Based on such reports, we used banding ligation to resect polyps and early stage cancers of the upper digestive tract, and achieved satisfactory results.
Comparative detection of high-risk HPV (16, 18, 33) in cervical bioptic material of county hospital of Tg. Mures. (2006)

The purpose of this study was to collect data about the incidence of high-risk HPV (16, 18, 33) types in paraffin embedded cervical bioptic material, including LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancers using immunohistochemistry and nested PCR methods. In our study were included randomly selected 10 LSIL, 18 HSIL and 30 cervical cancer cases. We analyzed the expression of HPV in this specimens with immunohistochemistry used DAKO K1H8 antibody and CHEMICON Mab HPV 16, 16 antibody using LSAB method and Tiramin amplification method, and nested PCR for HPV 16, 18 and 33. In LSIL cases three, in HSIL cases eight and in carcinoma 20 cases were positive for HPV 16 or 18 for immunohistochemistry or PCR. Although this proportion in lower than those reported in the literature, our work signals the existence of the infection in our country and presents a relatively cheap diagnostic method.
Inhibition of tumor growth and enhancement of metastasis after transfection of the γ‐interferon gene (1993)

Cells from the spontaneous metastatic TS/A mammary adenocarcinoma of a BALB/c mouse were transfected with the murine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. Six clones (IFN-gamma clones) releasing between 2 and 6,000 international units (IU) of IFN-gamma/ml culture medium, were compared to TS/A parental cells (TS/A-pc) and to cells transfected with neomycin resistance gene only (NEO cells). Autocrine IFN-gamma up-regulated membrane expression of H-2 class-I and Ly-6 glycoproteins, but did not alter cellular proliferation in vitro. All IFN-gamma clones gave rise to progressive tumors with a growth rate significantly slower than that of tumors induced by TS/A-pc and NEO cells, and inversely correlated with the amount of IFN-gamma secreted. TS/A-pc and NEO tumors displayed a marginal reactive infiltrate, whereas those formed by IFN-gamma clones were massively infiltrated mostly by macrophages. In T- and NK-deficient mice the growth of tumors formed by IFN-gamma clones was not enhanced. In vitro tests showed that IFN-gamma clone cells were markedly more lysed by macrophages than TS/A-pc and NEO cells, while they remained poorly sensitive to NK and LAK cells. These data as a whole suggest that the development of solid tumors by IFN-gamma clones is primarily hampered by macrophages and not by T-lymphocytes or NK cells. When spontaneous metastatic ability was compared, 2 IFN-gamma clones releasing 2-4 IFN-gamma IU/ml were significantly more metastatic, while most IFN-gamma clones appeared to be as metastatic as NEO cells. By contrast, following intravenous challenge, all IFN-gamma clones produced 5-10 times more experimental metastases than NEO cells. The higher metastatic ability of IFN-gamma clones was attributed to increased resistance to NK cells since, in NK-depleted BALB/c mice, metastatic spread of IFN-gamma clones was not enhanced, whereas a 50-fold increase in the number of metastases was found upon injection of NEO cells.
What's new: Ligation‐based DNA diagnostics (1993)

A number of novel gene detection techniques all revolve around the ligation of synthetic nucleic acid probes. In such ligase-assisted gene detection reactions, specific DNA or RNA sequences are investigated by using them as guides for the covalent joining of pairs of probe molecules. The probes are designed to hybridize immediately next to each other on the target nucleic acid strand. Demonstration of ligated probes results in highly specific detection of and efficient distinction between similar sequence variants under standard reaction conditions. Accordingly, the principle has been applied in automated genetic screening procedures. Ligation reactions are also integral to a number of amplification procedures and they will be of value in an expanding range of genetic analyses.
A case study in therapeutic hypothermia treatment post-cardiac arrest in a 56-year-old male. (2008)

Twenty-four hours of therapeutic hypothermia for patients who remain unresponsive following successful resuscitation after experiencing out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation is a viable option for preservation of neurological function. The National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR), sponsored by the American Heart Association (AHA), was developed with a goal to enhance patient safety and reduce patient disability and death through "providing an evidence-based, quality improvement program of patient safety, medical emergency team response, effective resuscitation and post-emergency care" to patients that have experienced cardiopulmonary events. NRCPR reports from 2007 include data from 127 participating organizations with information submitted on 19,555 in-patients who experienced 22,919 cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) events. Of all of the arrests that occurred, 78.3 percent of patients involved did not survive the event. For those who did survive the event, an additional 35.2 percent died afterward, either via removal of life-support or natural death in the presence of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) directives. The remaining survivors (21.3 percent) were discharged to a variety of environments with home being the most common (48.5 percent), followed by skilled nursing facilities (19.2 percent), rehabilitation centers (12.4 percent), other acute care hospitals (11.8 percent) and hospice care (4.7 percent). From this information, it is apparent that continued research and improvements are essential to provide patients successful resuscitation and to decrease the complications that occur afterward. We present the case of a patient who remained comatose after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest in whom therapeutic hypothermia treatment was utilized with a positive neurological outcome.
Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication in MDCK Cells by Circular Dumbbell RNA/DNA Chimeras with Closed Alkyl Loop Structures (2002)

We have demonstrated that a new type of circular dumbbell RNA/DNA chimeric oligonucleotide (CDRDON) with two closed nucleotide or alkyl loop structures (hexa-ethylene glycol) inhibits influenza virus A replication in MDCK cells. The enzymatic synthesis of circular dumbbell RNA/DNA chimeric oligonucleotides was achieved by enzymatically ligating a self-complementary phosphorylated oligonucleotide with T4-RNA ligase. The CDRDON-Al, with two closed alkyl loop structures, showed higher nuclease resistance, hybridization, and cellular uptake than the anti-S-ODN and the CDRDON, with two closed nucleotide hairpin-loop structures. The circular dumbbell RNA/DNA chimeric oligonucleotide (CDRDON-Al-PB2-as), containing an AUG initiation-codon sequence as the target of PB2, showed highly inhibitory effects on influenza A virus RNA expression. The limited toxicity of unmodified phosphodiester oligonucleotides and the sequence-specific binding to target mRNA indicate that circular dumbbell RNA/DNA chimeric phosphodiester oligonucleotides can be used with intact cells, and may prevent viral replication in culture.
Bacterial cell surface carbohydrates: structure and assembly (1997)

Conference Article| February 01 1997 Bacterial cell surface carbohydrates: structure and assembly I. C. Hancock I. C. Hancock 1Department of Microbiology, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (1): 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250183 Article history Received: August 19 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation I. C. Hancock; Bacterial cell surface carbohydrates: structure and assembly. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1997; 25 (1): 183–187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250183 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A decade of molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors (1996)

Retinoids play an important role in development, differentiation, and homeostasis. The discovery of retinoid receptors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear ligand-activated transcriptional regulators has revolutionized our molecular understanding as to how these structurally simple molecules exert their pleiotropic effects. Diversity in the control of gene expression by retinoid signals is generated through complexity at different levels of the signaling pathway. A major source of diversity originates from the existence of two families of retinoid acid (RA) receptors (R), the RAR isotypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) and the three RXR isotypes (alpha, beta, and gamma), and their numerous isoforms, which bind as RXR/RAR heterodimers to the polymorphic cis-acting response elements of RA target genes. The possibility of cross-modulation (cross-talk) with cell-surface receptors signaling pathways, as well as the finding that RARs and RXRs interact with multiple putative coactivators and/or corepressors, generates additional levels of complexity for the array of combinatorial effects that underlie the pleiotropic effects of retinoids. This review focuses on recent developments, particularly in the area of structure-function relationships.
Normal and leukemic hematopoiesis: Are leukemias a stem cell disorder or a reacquisition of stem cell characteristics? (2003)

Leukemia can be viewed as a newly formed, abnormal hematopoietic tissue initiated by a few leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that undergo an aberrant and poorly regulated process of organogenesis analogous to that of normal hematopoietic stem cells. A hallmark of all cancers is the capacity for unlimited self-renewal, which is also a defining characteristic of normal stem cells. Given this shared attribute, it has been proposed that leukemias may be initiated by transforming events that take place in hematopoietic stem cells. Alternatively, leukemias may also arise from more committed progenitors caused by mutations and/or selective expression of genes that enhance their otherwise limited self-renewal capabilities. Identifying the LSCs for each type of leukemia is a current challenge and a critical step in understanding their respective biologies and may provide key insights into more effective treatments. Moreover, LSC identification and purification will provide a powerful diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in the clinic.
A Simple Chemical Route To Selectively Eliminate Metallic Carbon Nanotubes in Nanotube Network Devices (2004)

Semiconducting-only single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network field effect transistors (FETs) have been fabricated by selectively reacting all the metallic SWNTs in the devices with diazonium reagents in a controlled manner. We have shown that the concentration of diazonium reagents used is crucial for selectively eliminating metallic SWNTs and keeping semiconducting ones intact. Excessive amounts of diazonium reagents can indiscriminately react with both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs and thus degrade the performance of the devices. This new technique will facilitate the process of fabrication of high-performance SWNT-based electronic devices.
Brushite in the pulp of primary molars (1989)

This study was undertaken to investigate the mineral phase of spherulitic calcifications discovered in the pulpous mesenchyme of human primary molars by microradiography. Analytical scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction disclosed that well-crystallized brushite is the major compound of the spherulites. The mechanism leading to the crystallization of brushite is far from well understood. Histologically, on decalcified sections, inflammatory cells and capillaries can be seen trapped in the spherulites. In the light of these findings, it could be suggested that metabolic conditions may promote the crystallization of brushite in the pulp of primary molars.