gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells in Articular Cartilage Repair (1999)

The lack of repair of articular cartilage where the damage does not penetrate the subchondral bone indicates the importance of marrow components in the repair of the articular cartilage. In adult animals, there is an inability of articular cartilage chondrocytes to heal chondral defects, but if the damage extends beyond the subchondral bone, a repair process ensues in which mesenchymal progenitor cells migrate into the injured site and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. However, analysis of animal models and human biopsy samples indicates that fibrocartilage, rather than true articular cartilage is the predominant tissue synthesized. To improve this outcome, the use of cell based implants of culture expanded progenitor cells from various sources has been proposed and attempted. This paper describes some of the age related differences in the natural repair of osteochondral defects, the in vitro characterization of the chondrogenic potential of certain mesenchymal cell types, and some of the characteristics required of cell and matrix constructs that may be used for repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
Memantine in Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease (2003)

Antiglutamatergic treatment reduced clinical deterioration in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease, a phase associated with distress for patients and burden on caregivers, for which other treatments are not available.
Production and Characterization of Novel Anti-Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Monoclonal Antibodies That Do Not Detect Internally Cleaved Lys145-Lys146 Inactive PSA (2000)

We report, for the first time, novel anti-PSA antibodies that do not recognize internally cleaved PSA at Lys145-Lys146 and thus are specific for intact, unclipped PSA.
Regional intravascular delivery of AAV-2-F.IX to skeletal muscle achieves long-term correction of hemophilia B in a large animal model (2004)

Abstract In earlier work, we showed that adeno-associated virus–mediated delivery of a Factor IX gene to skeletal muscle by direct intramuscular injection resulted in therapeutic levels of circulating Factor IX in mice. However, achievement of target doses in humans proved impractical because of the large number of injections required. We used a novel intravascular delivery technique to achieve successful transduction of extensive areas of skeletal muscle in a large animal with hemophilia. We provide here the first report of long-term (&amp;gt; 3 years, with observation ongoing), robust Factor IX expression (circulating levels of 4%-14%) by muscle-directed gene transfer in a large animal, resulting in essentially complete correction of the bleeding disorder in hemophilic dogs. The results of this translational study establish an experimental basis for clinical studies of this delivery method in humans with hemophilia B. These findings also have immediate relevance for gene transfer in patients with muscular dystrophy.
Direct Binding of the Proline-rich Region of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B to the Src Homology 3 Domain of p130Cas (1996)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an abundant intracellular enzyme that is thought to act as a negative regulator of certain signaling pathways. The C terminus of PTP1B contains two proline-rich regions which conform to the canonical class II Src homology 3 domain binding motif, Pro-X-X-Pro-X-Arg. In this study, we establish that PTP1B interacts with Crk, Grb2, and p130(Cas) in vitro and with at least one of these, p130(Cas), in intact cells. The interaction of PTP1B and p130(Cas) is independent of tyrosine phosphorylation but can be disrupted by replacing two critical proline residues in the proline-rich domain of PTP1B between amino acids 301 and 315. When wild-type PTP1B is expressed in 3Y1-v-crk cells, p130(Cas) shows substantial dephosphorylation, whereas the PTP1B proline mutant does not have this effect. In 3Y1 and 3Y1 v-crk-transformed fibroblasts, almost all of the total PTP1B and about 40% of total p130(Cas) co-sediment with membranes composed primarily of endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that the proline-rich domain between amino acids 301 and 315 in PTP1B binds Src homology 3-containing proteins and that p130(Cas) may be a physiological target of this phosphatase in cells.
Van de werkvloer (2010)

Sinds vorig jaar heeft Nederland er officieel een nieuwe zorgprofessional bij: de verpleegkundig specialist geestelijke gezondheidszorg. Het beroep is in 2009 wettelijk erkend en de titel is beschermd. Een belangrijke stap, vinden Diana Polhuis, opleider bij GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord en Peter Goossens, lector ggz bij Saxion Hogeschool en verantwoordelijk voor het onderzoeksonderwijs van de opleiding GGZ Verpleegkundig Specialist (ggz-vs) te Utrecht.
Lipid-Mediated Endocytosis (2011)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is used by a number of viruses and toxins to gain entry into cells. Some have evolved to use specific lipids in the plasma membrane as their receptors. They include bacterial toxins such as Shiga and Cholera toxin and viruses such as mouse polyoma virus and simian virus 40. Through multivalent binding to glycosphingolipids, they induce lipid clustering and changes in membrane properties. Internalization occurs by unusual endocytic mechanisms involving lipid rafts, induction of membrane curvature, trans-bilayer coupling, and activation of signaling pathways. Once delivered to early endosomes, they follow diverse intracellular routes to the lumen of the ER, from which they penetrate into the cytosol. The role of the lipid receptors is central in these well-studied processes.
Detection of genes for enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staphylococcus aureus by the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

Eight pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to detect genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E, exfoliative toxins A and B, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens and contaminated foods. Primers were targeted to internal regions of the toxin genes, and amplification fragments were detected after the PCR by agarose gel electrophoresis. Unequivocal discrimination of toxin genes was obtained by the PCR by using nucleic acids extracted from 88 strains of S. aureus whose toxigenicity was established biologically and immunologically. In immunological assays, two strains of S. aureus produced equivocal results for production of enterotoxin C or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, giving an overall concordance between phenotypic and genotypic identification of 97.7%. Primer specificity was established in the PCR by using nucleic acids from known toxin-producing bacterial pathogens and from nontoxigenic S. aureus. Strains of Streptococcus spp., including some producers of pyrogenic exotoxin A carrying the speA gene, were negative by the PCR designed to detect staphylococcal toxins. The detection limits were established for all the staphylococcal toxin genes within their respective PCR protocols. The identification of staphylococcal toxin genes in strains of S. aureus by the PCR offers a very specific, sensitive, relatively rapid, and inexpensive alternative to traditional immunological assays which depend on adequate gene expression for reliability and sensitivity.
BONE METABOLISM IN RATS, STUDIED WITH STABLE STRONTIUM (1960)

SUMMARY 1. The retention of a dose of stable strontium given intraperitoneally to rats has been measured after 24 hr. 2. When the total retention is expressed in terms of the amount in the plasma, it provides an estimate of the rate of bone formation. 3. The strontium retention is a function of the age of the rat, but is independent of the sex.
Targeting Molecular and Cellular Inhibitory Mechanisms for Improvement of Antitumor Memory Responses Reactivated by Tumor Cell Vaccine (2007)

Development of effective vaccination approaches to treat established tumors represents a focus of intensive research because such approaches offer the promise of enhancing immune system priming against tumor Ags via restimulation of pre-existing (memory) antitumoral helper and effector immune cells. However, inhibitory mechanisms, which function to limit the recall responses of tumor-specific immunity, remain poorly understood and interfere with therapies anticipated to induce protective immunity. The mouse renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumor model was used to investigate variables affecting vaccination outcomes. We demonstrate that although a whole cell irradiated tumor cell vaccine can trigger a functional antitumor memory response in the bone marrows of mice with established tumors, these responses do not culminate in the regression of established tumors. In addition, a CD103+ regulatory T (Treg) cell subset accumulates within the draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. We also show that B7-H1 (CD274, PD-L1), a negative costimulatory ligand, and CD4+ Treg cells collaborate to impair the recall responses of tumor-specific memory T cells. Specifically, mice bearing large established RENCA tumors were treated with tumor cell vaccination in combination with B7-H1 blockade and CD4+ T cell depletion (triple therapy treatment) and monitored for tumor growth and survival. Triple treatment therapy induced complete regression of large established RENCA tumors and raised long-lasting protective immunity. These results have implications for developing clinical antitumoral vaccination regimens in the setting in which tumors express elevated levels of B7-H1 in the presence of abundant Treg cells.
Reduction of the extent of ischemic myocardial injury by neutrophil depletion in the dog. (1983)

Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the acute inflammatory response may exacerbate tissue injury through the release of activated oxygen products or proteolytic enzymes or both. To assess the role of neutrophils in acute myocardial infarction, circulating neutrophil levels in dogs were reduced by 77 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) by administering rabbit antiserum to dog neutrophils. Acute myocardial infarction was induced in open-chest anesthetized dogs by 90 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum (n = 8) developed myocardial infarcts that were an average of 43% smaller than infarcts in dogs treated with nonimmune rabbit serum (n = 7) (27.0 +/- 4.5% vs 47.1% +/- 7.5% of the area at risk, p less than 0.05). In a saline-treated control group (n = 8), infarct size was 48.0 +/- 4.7% of the area at risk, a value not significantly different from that of the nonimmune serum group but significantly greater than that in the neutrophil antiserum dogs (p less than 0.05). There were no major hemodynamic differences between groups. Histopathologic examination revealed that infarcted myocardium from dogs given saline or treated with nonimmune serum had a substantial neutrophilic infiltrate, which was virtually absent in infarcted tissue from dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum. These observations suggest that neutrophil accumulation in response to myocardial ischemia may be responsible for a substantial portion of the irreversible myocardial injury resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion.
Denoising diffusion‐weighted magnitude MR images using rank and edge constraints (2013)

The single-to-noise ratio of diffusion-weighted images can be effectively improved with rank and edge constraints, resulting in an improvement in diffusion parameter estimation accuracy.
Computer Organization and Design : The Hardware/Software Interface Revised 4th edition Ed. 4 (2011)

This Fourth Revised Edition of Computer Organization and Design includes a complete set of updated and new exercises, along with improvements and changes suggested by instructors and students. Focusing on the revolutionary change taking place in industry today--the switch from uniprocessor to multicore microprocessors--this classic textbook has a modern and up-to-date focus on parallelism in all its forms. Examples highlighting multicore and GPU processor designs are supported with performance and benchmarking data. As with previous editions, a MIPS processor is the core used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies, assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies and I/O. Sections on the ARM and x86 architectures are also included.



	
		The companion CD provides a toolkit of simulators and compilers along with tutorials for using them, as well as advanced content for further study and a search utility for finding content on the CD and in the printed text. For the convenience of readers who have purchased an ebook edition or who may have misplaced the CD-ROM, all CD content is available as a download at bit.ly/nFXcLq
	
		This Revised Fourth Edition of Computer Organization and Design has been updated with new exercises and improvements throughout suggested by instructors teaching from the book
	
		Covers the revolutionary change from sequential to parallel computing, with a chapter on parallelism and sections in every chapter highlighting parallel hardware and software topics
	
		Includes an appendix by the Chief Scientist and the Director of Architecture of NVIDIA covering the emergence and importance of the modern GPU, describing in detail for the first time the highly parallel, highly multithreaded multiprocessor optimized for visual computing
Intracytoplasmic growth and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes auxotrophic mutants (1993)

The intracellular growth of several auxotrophic mutants of Listeria monocytogenes was examined in cell culture, and virulence was evaluated in mice by intravenous injection of log-phase bacteria. L. monocytogenes transposon insertion mutants requiring either uracil, phenylalanine, glycine, proline, or nicotinic acid for growth were fully virulent and grew similarly to the parental strain as shown by their growth rates in cell culture. Those requiring all three aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) or adenine were 1.5 log10 less virulent than the wild type. A threonine auxotroph, which showed enhanced growth in the presence of threonine-containing peptides as compared with that in the presence of free threonine, was approximately 1 log10 less virulent than the wild type. When host cells were deprived of specific amino acids required by both the host cell and L. monocytogenes, the bacteria continued to grow intracellularly. These studies suggest that the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells behaves like rich medium, facilitating the growth of an intracellular bacterial pathogen with complex growth requirements. In addition, results related to amino acid deprivation during intracellular growth and specific extracellular growth requirements of a threonine auxotroph suggest that L. monocytogenes may utilize intracellular peptides as a source of amino acids.
Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery With Image Based Individual Templates (1998)

Recent developments in computer assisted surgery offer promising solutions for the translation of the high accuracy of the preoperative imaging and planning into precise intraoperative surgery. Broad clinical application is hindered by high costs, additional time during intervention, problems of intraoperative man and machine interaction, and the spatially constrained arrangement of additional equipment within the operating theater. An alternative technique for computerized tomographic image based preoperative three-dimensional planning and precise surgery on bone structures using individual templates has been developed. For the preoperative customization of these mechanical tool guides, a desktop computer controlled milling device is used as a three-dimensional printer to mold the shape of small reference areas of the bone surface automatically into the body of the template. Thus, the planned position and orientation of the tool guide in spatial relation to bone is stored in a structural way and can be reproduced intraoperatively by adjusting the position of the customized contact faces of the template until the location of exact fit to the bone is found. No additional computerized equipment or time is needed during surgery. The feasibility of this approach has been shown in spine, hip, and knee surgery, and it has been applied clinically for pelvic repositioning osteotomies in acetabular dysplasia therapy.
The effect of music on walking performance of older adults (2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect music had on walking performance as measured by the distance traveled, heart rate, and feeling status of the older adults. Sixteen individuals completed the Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory (EFI) immediately following a walking workout over a four week time period. Each week the older adults walked to a different musical CD playing in the background.The majority of older adults had the highest number of steps when no music was present. The results also showed that heart rates were the highest when participants were walking without music. These findings indicate that walking with no music facilitated the physical performance, at least for walking performance, of the older adults. In comparison heart rate was the lowest when the older adults walked to slow music. Positive engagement was the only feeling state to be significantly different by type of music. Participants reported a higher positive engagement for no music than for slow, fast, or natural music.Based on these findings the participant preferred and performed best when they exercised without any music in the background. While the sample size was low, the researcher believes further research with older adults is needed to clarify the effect music has on one's walking performance.
Searching for MHC‐restricted anti‐viral antibodies: antibodies recognizing the nucleoprotein of influenza virus dominate the serological response of C57BL/6 mice to syngeneic influenza‐infected cells (1987)

An attempt has been made to generate monoclonal antibodies which recognize the same target structures on influenza-infected cells as those seen by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) receptors. Such antibodies, if they mimicked the T cell receptor specificity, would be expected to be both virus specific and restricted in their binding by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Approximately 200 hybridomas from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice primed and boosted with influenza virus (X-31)-infected EL4 (a C57BL/6 T cell lymphoma) were screened for reactivity on infected and uninfected cells of different MHC haplotypes. Of the 10 hybridoma antibodies which were identified as being reactive with X-31-infected EL4, but not uninfected EL4, all reacted equally well with X-31-infected cells of H-2b, H-2d and H-2k haplotypes, indicating a lack of MHC restriction in their recognition of the infected cells. Unexpectedly, 7 of the 10 monoclonal antibodies were found to react specifically with the purified influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), a predominant viral antigen in CTL recognition of infected cells. Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry confirmed that these antibodies were able to recognize NP serological determinants on the surface of viable, infected cells, but the anti-NP antibodies were unable to block the lytic activity of an NP-specific CTL clone.
On filtering the noise from the random parameters in Monte Carlo rendering (2012)

Monte Carlo (MC) rendering systems can produce spectacular images but are plagued with noise at low sampling rates. In this work, we observe that this noise occurs in regions of the image where the sample values are a direct function of the random parameters used in the Monte Carlo system. Therefore, we propose a way to identify MC noise by estimating this functional relationship from a small number of input samples. To do this, we treat the rendering system as a black box and calculate the statistical dependency between the outputs and inputs of the system. We then use this information to reduce the importance of the sample values affected by MC noise when applying an image-space, cross-bilateral filter, which removes only the noise caused by the random parameters but preserves important scene detail. The process of using the functional relationships between sample values and the random parameter inputs to filter MC noise is called Random Parameter Filtering (RPF), and we demonstrate that it can produce images in a few minutes that are comparable to those rendered with a thousand times more samples. Furthermore, our algorithm is general because we do not assign any physical meaning to the random parameters, so it works for a wide range of Monte Carlo effects, including depth of field, area light sources, motion blur, and path-tracing. We present results for still images and animated sequences at low sampling rates that have higher quality than those produced with previous approaches.
CHIR-258: A Potent Inhibitor of FLT3 Kinase in Experimental Tumor Xenograft Models of Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2005)

Our data indicate that CHIR-258 may be an effective therapy in FLT3-associated AML and warrants clinical trials.
Erythrocyte-Derived Microvesicles Amplify Systemic Inflammation by Thrombin-Dependent Activation of Complement (2013)

These results point toward a thrombin-dependent mechanism of complement activation by RBC-MV independent of the classical, lectin, or alternative pathway. Besides identifying RBC-MV as potential mediators of transfusion-related morbidity, our findings may be relevant for other inflammatory disorders involving intravascular microvesicle release, for example, sickle cell disease or thrombotic microangiopathy.
A new synthesis of α‐substituted δ‐carbolines (1997)

Abstract The paper describes a new general synthesis of α‐substituted δ‐carbolines based on key steps such as metalation, cross‐coupling and cyclization.
Cooperative and Anticooperative Effects in the Cocrystals of Mono- and Diazanaphthalenes with meso-1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol (2003)

meso-1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol (1) as a hydrogen-bond donor and azanaphthalenes as hydrogen-bond acceptors form cocrystals, mostly in the ratio of 1:2. The X-ray structures provide detailed information on the binding motifs that consist of strong O−H···N hydrogen bonds and C−H···π interactions between C−H bonds of the heterocycles and the phenyl rings of meso-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol. These motifs are found whenever a nitrogen atom is in the 2-position of the naphthalene skeleton (isoquinoline (3), quinazoline (2), and phthalazine (4)). Nitrogen atoms in the 1,3- and 2,3-positions, 1,3-diazanaphthalene (quinazoline) (2) and 2,3-diazanaphthalene (phthalazine) (4), alter the crystal lattice only in the case of phthalazine, due to additional hydrogen-bond- and π-stacking interactions. If a nitrogen atom is present in 1-position of naphthalene, 1,5-diazanaphthalene (naphthyridine) (5), the bonding motif consists of O−H···N hydrogen bridges between the nitrogen atoms in the 1- and 5-positions and the O−H groups of 1 leading to infinite strings of alternating naphthyridine and diol molecules. C−H···π interactions are found in this case between C−H groups of the adjacent six-membered “pyridyl” ring and the phenyl group attached to the carbon atom which is not involved in the formation of O−H···N hydrogen bonds as in the other three cases. This motif enables the incorporation of a second naphthyridine molecule without leading to additional hydrogen bonds, but with two C−H···π interactions. Attempts to generate cocrystals between 1 and 1-azanaphthalene (quinoline) as well as a tri-cocrystal between 1, 5, and naphthalene which should be of interest in this context have failed so far. Further attempts at cocrystallization of diazanaphthalenes with 1 also failed, which demonstrates the fine-tuned balance of cooperative and anticooperative effects for secondary intermolecular interactions.