gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of passive Heymann nephritis with antibodies specific for a synthetic peptide derived from the receptor-associated protein. (1996)

Passive Heymann nephritis (pHN) is an experimental rat model for human membranous glomerulopathy. In pHN, the formation of subepithelial immune deposits (ID) involves as antigenic targets the membrane glycoprotein gp330/megalin and the 44-kD receptor-associated protein (RAP). A single binding site for ID- inducing antibodies (Abs) was previously mapped to the 86 NH2-terminal amino acids of RAP (RAP1-86). To further narrow this epitope, Abs eluted from the glomeruli were immunoblotted on membranes that were loaded with overlapping synthetic peptides representing the amino acid sequence of RAP (SPOTs system). Two adjacent Ab-binding domains with the sequences PVRLAF, (amino acids 39-44) and HSD-LKIQE (amino acids 46-53), which were separated by a single L residue at amino acid 45, were detected. Rabbit Abs raised against synthetic peptides containing these domains individually (P31-44 and P46-53) failed to procedure glomerular IDs. By contrast, Abs raised against a larger composite peptide (P31-53) induced IDs within 3d that were firmly cross linked to the glomerular basement membrane. These data suggest that Ab binding in vivo depends on the conformation of the antigenic target sequence that is preserved in the synthetic peptide P31-53, which covers the entire Ab-binding domain of RAP but not in its subdomains, P31-44 and P46-53. Collectively, these results locate the sole ID-inducing epitope of RAP to amino acids 39-53.
Prognostic relevance of the proliferation marker REPP86 for laryngeal cancer. (2010)

Our results indicate that REPP86 staining of SCCL with Ki-S2 is a helpful prognostic indicator for SCCL and better predicts the relapse-free survival than Ki-67 staining in SCCL.
Patterning Surfaces Using Tip-Directed Displacement and Self-Assembly (2000)

An atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based procedure, a nanopen reader and writer (NPRW), is developed to produce nanometer scale patterns on surfaces. In each NPRW experiment, a self-assembled monolayer serves as the resist, while an AFM tip displaces the resist molecules from desired locations by using a high shear force. The AFM tip is precoated with adsorbate molecules which can adsorb to the newly exposed substrate areas. This procedure combines the advantages of two recently developed AFM lithography methods: nanografting (Xu, S.; Liu, G. Y. Langmuir 1997, 13, 127) and dip-pen nanolithography (Piner, R. D.; Zhu, J.; Xu, F.; Hong, S.; Mirkin, C. A. Science 1999, 283, 661). NPRW is easy to complete and able to produce desired patterns with multiple components. In addition, NPRW can reach high spatial resolution, independent of the texture of the paper and the humidity of the environment. The size and geometry of these nanopatterns are well preserved because the resist molecules efficiently prevent diffusion and smearing.
Concatenated Network Coding for Large-Scale Multi-Hop Wireless Networks (2007)

We present "concatenated" network coding technique that incorporates multilevel coding across a network of relays in large-scale, multi-hop, noisy wireless networks. A key feature of the proposed approach is that more powerful code can be constructed, hence more errors can be corrected, as the information travels through the network. The decomposition of large-scale network into several small-scale networks and concatenation of small-scale network codes along the route path simplifies both encoding (forwarding) and decoding processes. This is particularly important, because the nodes need to make block encoding based on local information only. This framework is inherently self scalable, in that each new node and each additional hop contribute reliability enhancement. We analyze the probability of decoding error and the normalized throughput as a function of network configuration and number of decoding iterations.
A New Measure of Tibial Sesamoid Position in Hallux Valgus in Relation to the Coronal Rotation of the First Metatarsal in CT Scans (2015)

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Experimental evaluation of velocity and power estimation for ultrasound blood flow imaging, by means of a two-dimensional autocorrelation approach (1995)

This paper evaluates experimentally the performance of a novel axial velocity estimator, the 2D autocorrelator, and its Doppler power estimation counterpart, the 2D zero-lag autocorrelator, in the context of ultrasound color flow mapping. The evaluation also encompasses the well-established 1D autocorrelation technique for velocity estimation and its corresponding power estimator (1D zero-lag autocorrelator), to allow performance comparisons under identical conditions. Clutter-suppressed in vitro data sets from a steady-flow system are used to document the effect of the range gate and ensemble length, noise level and angle of insonation on the precision of the velocity estimates. The same data sets are used to examine issues related to the estimation of the Doppler signal's power. The first-order statistics of power estimates from regions corresponding to flow and noise are determined experimentally and the ability of power-based thresholding to separate flow signals from noise is characterized by means of ROC analysis. In summary, the results of the in vitro evaluation show that the proposed 2D-autocorrelation form of processing is consistently better than the corresponding 1D-autocorrelation techniques, in terms of both velocity and power estimation. Therefore, given their relatively modest implementation requirements, the 2D-autocorrelation algorithms for velocity and power estimation appear to represent a superior, yet realistic, alternative to conventional Doppler processing for color flow mapping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Study of Thermal Behaviour of a Fabric Coated with Nanocomposites (2014)

In this paper, the thermal insulation of coated fabric by nanocomposites has been studied. In fact, a resin/clay mixture was deposited on a 100 % cotton fabric and tested using a PASOD device for measuring the adiathermic power. The enhancement of fabric thermal insulation was noticed by calculating the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside of fabric. The innovation of this work is that the used clay is a Tunisian natural one which is simply a mixture of several sorts of clays (kaolinite, dolomite, calcite, illite, and quartz) and which has the advantage to be so cheap. Moreover, high clay percentages of 4,17 % to 37,8 % were applied to perform nanocomposites with, which never have been tried before. This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried, and steered with different resins which are actually used in the textile field for several applications such as comfort, elasticity or impermeability. It has been concluded that the increasing quantity of clay enhance significantly the thermal insulation of a 400 g/m2 sergey fabric 100% cotton. The mathematical equation has proved to be effective in predicting the fabric thermal resistance, simply by knowing the adiathermic power value. In fact, the measure of the thermal resistance demands a long time to be evaluated, but the adiathermic power can be evaluated by a concise operation which lasts only 15 min. This good agreement between these values has been demonstrated by mathematical formulas linking the clay percentage, coating, nanocomposite deposited quantities, and the used resin. The result of theses computations indicates that clay application in nanocomposites proved its importance because the thermal insulation properties of the fabric are really enhanced according to the clay percentage in the coating. The average of this enhancement is about 20 to 30 % and this is upon the used resin, the deposited quantity, and the clay percentage present in the nanocomposite.
Mixtures of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Long-chain Fatty Acids as Antifungal Agents (1961)

The influence of undecylenic acid on the fungistatic effect of phenoxyethyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide (Domiphen bromide) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes was investigated. The unsaturated fatty acid was found to enhance the fungistatic activity of Domiphen bromide against this organism. The ratio of concentrations of these agents has a marked influence on the results of in vitro tests for antifungal action resulting in a completely different effect than heretofore noted in combination experiments against bacteria. The enhancing phenomenon is not particular to T. mentagrophytes, it was observed also with Candida albicans.
The Parathyroid Hormone 2 (PTH2) Receptor (2002)

The human PTH2 receptor binds and is activated at high potency by PTH and by the recently discovered peptide tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39). Rat and zebrafish PTH2 receptors are more weakly activated by PTH, suggesting that TIP39 may be the natural ligand for the PTH2 receptor. Unlike the PTH1 receptor, the PTH2 receptor interacts extremely weakly with parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). The PTH2 receptor is strongly coupled to stimulation of cAMP accumulation, and more weakly, in a cell-specific manner to increases in intracellular calcium concentration. A variety of evidence supports the general model of receptor amino terminal sequences binding ligand carboxyl terminal sequences with high affinity, and ligand amino terminal sequences activating the receptor through interaction with the "juxtamembrane" portion of the receptor. The receptor is present at greatest levels in the nervous system. It is expressed in scattered cells in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia and at relatively high abundance in the septum, midline thalamic nuclei, several hypothalamic nuclei, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Peripherally, expression in pancreatic islet somatostatin cells is most dramatic. Functional hypotheses based on the receptor's distribution are being tested. Recent data support involvement in hypothalamic releasing-factor secretion and pain.
An Active Foot-Ankle Prosthesis With Biomechanical Energy Regeneration (2010)

A unique, robust, robotic transtibial prosthesis with regenerative kinetics was successfully built and a 6-month human subject trial was conducted on one male below-the-knee amputee under linear walking conditions. This paper presents the quasistatic system modeling, DC motor and transmission modeling and analyses, design methodology, and model verification. It also outlines an approach to the design and development of a robotic transtibial prosthesis. The test data will show that the true power and energy requirement predicted in the modeling and analyses is in good agreement with the measured data, verifying that the approach satisfactorily captures the physical system. The modeling and analyses in this paper describes a process to determine an optimal combination of motors, springs, gearboxes, and rotary to linear transmissions to significantly minimize the power and energy consumption. This kinetic minimization allows the downsizing of the actuation system and the battery required for daily use to a self-portable level.
Global Transcriptional Profiling of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during Cr(VI) and U(VI) Reduction (2005)

Whole-genome DNA microarrays were used to examine the gene expression profile of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during U(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction. The same control, cells pregrown with nitrate and incubated with no electron acceptor, was used for the two time points considered and for both metals. U(VI)-reducing conditions resulted in the upregulation (> or = 3-fold) of 121 genes, while 83 genes were upregulated under Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. A large fraction of the genes upregulated [34% for U(VI) and 29% for Cr(VI)] encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Genes encoding proteins known to reduce alternative electron acceptors [fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, Mn(IV), or soluble Fe(III)] were upregulated under both U(VI)- and Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. The involvement of these upregulated genes in the reduction of U(VI) and Cr(VI) was tested using mutants lacking one or several of the gene products. Mutant testing confirmed the involvement of several genes in the reduction of both metals: mtrA, mtrB, mtrC, and menC, all of which are involved in Fe(III) citrate reduction by MR-1. Genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated under Cr(VI)- but not under U(VI)-reducing conditions. Genes encoding proteins associated with general (e.g., groL and dnaJ) and membrane (e.g., pspBC) stress were also upregulated, particularly under U(VI)-reducing conditions, pointing to membrane damage by the solid-phase reduced U(IV) and Cr(III) and/or the direct effect of the oxidized forms of the metals. This study sheds light on the multifaceted response of MR-1 to U(VI) and Cr(VI) under anaerobic conditions and suggests that the same electron transport pathway can be used for more than one electron acceptor.
An 8-kilobase abl RNA transcript in chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1984)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematologic malignancy characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 [t(9;22)] in greater than 90% of cases. This translocation results in a short chromosome 22, termed the Philadelphia (Ph1 or 22q-) chromosome. Recently, the cellular oncogenes abl and sis were mapped to human chromosomes 9 and 22, respectively. Moreover, abl was shown to be translocated from chromosome 9 to 22 and sis from chromosome 22 to 9 in CML patients with t(9;22). These findings raised the possibility that one or both of these oncogenes is activated and directly involved in the development of the disease. We analyzed expression of the abl and sis oncogenes in leukemic cells from CML patients with t(9;22). We found that sis is not expressed but that abl is transcribed into an 8-kilobase RNA. This abl RNA is also present in two leukemic cell lines (EM2 and K562), which were derived from CML patients and contain the t(9;22). This 8-kilobase RNA is not detected in normal cells, in other human leukemias without t(9;22), or in human cell lines that lack t(9;22). The consistent presence of this abl RNA transcript in CML with t(9;22) suggests that it is a consequence of abl translocation and that it plays a role in the development of this leukemia.
Cytokines Regulate β-Cell Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP) via Distinct Mechanisms and Pathways (2016)

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key regulator of diabetic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, and TXNIP inhibition prevents diabetes in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although we have previously shown that TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, any regulation by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFNγ) has remained largely unexplored. Moreover, even though this three-cytokine mixture is widely used to mimic type 1 diabetes in vitro, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Interestingly, we have now found that this cytokine mixture increases β-cell TXNIP expression; however, although TNFα had no effect, IL-1β surprisingly down-regulated TXNIP transcription, whereas IFNγ increased TXNIP levels in INS-1 β-cells and primary islets. Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1β effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity. In contrast, IFNγ increased pro-apoptotic TXNIP post-transcriptionally via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and suppression of miR-17, a microRNA that targets and down-regulates TXNIP. In fact, miR-17 knockdown was able to mimic the IFNγ effects on TXNIP, whereas miR-17 overexpression blunted the cytokine effect. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ each have distinct and in part opposing effects on β-cell TXNIP expression. These findings thereby provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of TXNIP and β-cell biology and reveal novel links between proinflammatory cytokines, carbohydrate response element binding protein-mediated transcription, and microRNA signaling.
Targeted integration of DNA using mutant lox sites in embryonic stem cells (1997)

Site-directed DNA integration has been achieved by using a pair of mutant lox sites, a right element (RE) mutant lox site and a left element (LE) mutant lox site [Albertet al. (1995)Plant J., 7, 649-659], in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We established ES cell lines carrying a single copy of the wild-type lox Por LE mutant lox site as a target and examined the frequency of site-specific integration of a targeting vector carrying a loxP or RE mutant lox site induced by Cre transient expression. Since our targeting vector contains a complete neo gene, random integrants can form colonies as in the case of a gene targeting event through homologous recombination. With our system, the frequency of site-specific integration via the mutant lox sites reached a maximum of 16%. In contrast, the wild-type loxP sites yielded very low frequencies (<0.5%) of site-specific integration events. This mutatedloxsystem will be useful for 'knock-in' integration of DNA in ES cells.
Focused Ultrasound Enhances Central Nervous System Delivery of Bevacizumab for Malignant Glioma Treatment (2016)

Purpose To demonstrate that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-monitored transcranial focused ultrasound can enhance the delivery of the antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab into the central nervous system (CNS) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. Materials and Methods All animal experiments were approved by the animal committee and adhered to experimental animal care guidelines. Transcranial focused ultrasound exposure in the presence of microbubbles was used to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enhance bevacizumab penetration into the CNS in healthy and glioma-bearing mice. Bevacizumab concentration was quantitated with high-performance liquid chromatography, and Western blot testing was performed to confirm the specific biologic form in the CNS. Penetration of bevacizumab into brain tissue was estimated in vivo by means of contrast material-enhanced MR imaging and quantitative gallium 68 ((68)Ga)-bevacizumab micro-positron emission tomography, and glioma progression was longitudinally followed with T2-weighted MR imaging. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and cluster of differentiation 31 immunostaining were used to assess morphologic changes and vascular inhibition at histologic examination. The two-tailed Student t test and the Mantel-Cox log-rank test were used for statistical analyses, with a significance level of .05. Results Focused ultrasound significantly enhanced bevacizumab penetration into the CNS by 5.7- to 56.7-fold compared with that in nonexposed brain (both P < .0001). Contrast-enhanced MR imaging indexes correlated with bevacizumab concentration (r = 0.748-0.857) in vivo. Focused ultrasound-enhanced bevacizumab delivery significantly retarded glioma progression, with a significantly increased median survival (median increase in survival time = 135% in the group treated with bevacizumab and focused ultrasound, P < .0001; as compared with 48% in the group treated with bevacizumab alone, P = .0002). Conclusion Focused ultrasound-enhanced bevacizumab delivery can provide an antivascularization normalization effect to suppress glioma. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Genotype prediction in the fragile X syndrome. (1991)

Fragile X positive, mentally retarded males have been shown to have an insertion or amplification of DNA sequences at, or close to, the site of expression of the fragile site. We show here the application of the detection of such changes to the diagnosis of affected males and female carriers and the identification of normal transmitting males. One fragile X negative male with the clinical features of the Martin-Bell syndrome also possesses an inserted/amplified DNA sequence. The implications of these results for screening for the fragile X syndrome are discussed.
An Original Way for Synthesis of New Nitrobenzothiadiazole Derivatives (1997)

The C-alkylation reaction of 4-chloromethyl-7-nitro-2,1,3benzothiadiazole with 2-nitropropane anion which is shown to proceed by an SRNl mechanism is an original way for the synthesis of new 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles.The biological importance of benzothiadiazole ring has been established.Several nitrobenzothiadiazoles are effective antifungal,' h e r b i ~i d e , ~ acaricide3 or insecticide3 agents.Recently, other activities have been reported: there are anthelmintics: hypoglycemic,5 antial~er~ic,~ antiinflammat~ry,~ antiasthmatic6 7 8 compounds, antibacterial or antiviral drugs.In our program on scope and limitations of SRNl reaction in 9
The Biopsy Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, “Carditis,” and Barrett's Esophagus, and Sequelae of Therapy (1996)

Histologic changes indicative of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are found on both sides of the squamocolumnar junction (Z-line). In the gastric cardia, inflammation is found as part of GERD in the absence of Helicobacter pylori or other causes of gastritis (carditis). The squamous mucosa is the location most likely to show inflammatory changes, such as neutrophils or eosinophils, close to the Z-line, whereas traditional reactive changes in the squamous mucosa are found only in biopsies taken at least 3 cm above the Z-line. Endoscopic criteria for GERD have a morphologic counterpart in capillary congestion and hemorrhage into the papillae, which have largely been ignored by pathologists as secondary to biopsy trauma. A biopsy protocol that maximizes the chances of detecting changes of GERD is suggested. The traditional definition of Barrett's esophagus as requiring 3 cm of glandular mucosa extending into the esophagus is no longer tenable. However, even the concept of short-segment Barrett's esophagus, in which less than 3 cm of intestinalized mucosa is present, often as tongues, is being challenged because random biopsies immediately distal to the Z-line may also show intestinal metaplasia when Barrett's esophagus is unsuspected endoscopically. Moreover, it is difficult or impossible to determine whether these changes indicate the earliest lesion of Barrett's esophagus or intestinal metaplasia in native cardiac mucosa. It is suggested that Barrett's esophagus be redefined as intestinal metaplasia in the lower esophagus. It is presently unclear whether patients with such minimal Barrett's epithelium are at increased risk for adenocarcinoma or require surveillance. Successful therapy for GERD results in healing of disease in squamous mucosa and may result in regression of Barrett's epithelium. In the stomach it may be associated with temporary regression of H. pylori and associated inflammation, migration of H. pylori into the oxyntic mucosa, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parietal cells, and a variant of fundic gland polyps. Some patients may be at risk for accelerated atrophic gastritis if inflammation is present before therapy.