gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial senescence: from mechanisms to pathophysiology (2008)

Most mitotically competent mammalian cell types can react to stress by undergoing a phenotypically distinctive and permanent form of growth arrest called "cellular senescence." This response has been extensively characterized in cell culture and more recently it has been found to occur also in vivo in a number of tissues. In this review I will present the case for the occurrence of senescence in the vascular endothelium. I will also discuss the mechanisms and factors that modulate endothelial cell replicative capacity and the onset of senescence. Finally, I will examine the senescent phenotype and its possible consequences for the development and progression of vascular diseases.
DNA assembly using bis-peptide nucleic acids (bisPNAs) (2002)

DNA nanostructures are ordered oligonucleotide arrangements that have applications for DNA computers, crystallography, diagnostics and material sciences. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA/RNA mimic that offers many advantages for hybridization, but its potential for application in the field of DNA nanotechnology has yet to be thoroughly examined. We report the synthesis and characterization of tethered PNA molecules (bisPNAs) designed to assemble two individual DNA molecules through Watson-Crick base pairing. The spacer regions linking the PNAs were varied in length and contained amino acids with different electrostatic properties. We observed that bisPNAs effectively assembled oligonucleotides that were either the exact length of the PNA or that contained overhanging regions that projected outwards. In contrast, DNA assembly was much less efficient if the oligonucleotides contained overhanging regions that projected inwards. Surprisingly, the length of the spacer region between the PNA sequences did not greatly affect the efficiency of DNA assembly. Reasons for inefficient assembly of inward projecting DNA oligonucleotides include non-sequence-specific intramolecular interactions between the overhanging region of the bisPNA and steric conflicts that complicate simultaneous binding of two inward projecting strands. These results suggest that bisPNA molecules can be used for self-assembling DNA nanostructures provided that the arrangement of the hybridizing DNA oligonucleotides does not interfere with simultaneous hybridization to the bisPNA molecule.
The emerging role of transcranial magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound in functional neurosurgery (2016)

To review the emerging role of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound as a treatment and research modality for functional neurological disorders, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical studies. Clinical trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of thermal lesions created by transcranial, high-intensity focused ultrasound. Preclinical work has additionally investigated the ability to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and to produce reversible neuromodulation with focused ultrasound utilizing lower intensities. We discuss ongoing trials and future avenues of investigation. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Population-inversion and gain estimates for a semiconductor TASER (2001)

We have investigated a solid-state design advanced (see Soref et al. in SPIE Proceedings, vol.3795, p.516, 1999) to achieve a terahertz-amplification-by-the-stimulated-emission-of-radiation (TASER). The original design was based on light-to heavy-hole intersubband transitions in SiGe-Si heterostructures. This work adapts the design to electron intersubband transitions in the more readily available GaAs/Ga/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/As material system. It is found that the electric-field induced anti-crossings of the states, derived from the first excited state with the ground states of a superlattice in the Stark-ladder regime, offers the possibility of a population inversion and gain at room temperature.
Stability of human rapamycin-expanded CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (2011)

These data demonstrate that rapamycin secures ex vivo-expanded human T-regulatory cells and provide additional justification for their clinical use in future cell therapy-based trials.
Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction (2001)

"Contains a complete manual with procedures for the implementation and scaling-up of industrial extraction processes. Discusses computer-aided molecular design. Includes examples of interactive, combinatorial, construct-and-test, and mathematical programming."
Repression of cytosine deaminase by pyrimidines in Salmonella typhimurium. (1982)

The synthesis of cytosine deaminase in Salmonella typhimurium is repressed by pyrimidines. This repression is mediated by both a uridine and a cytidine compound, indicating a distinct difference in the regulation of synthesis of cytosine deaminase from the regulation of the de novo pyrimidine pathway enzymes. A salvage role for the enzyme in pyrimidine metabolism is postulated.
Material Editing Using a Physically Based Rendering Network (2017)

The ability to edit materials of objects in images is desirable by many content creators. However, this is an extremely challenging task as it requires to disentangle intrinsic physical properties of an image. We propose an end-to-end network architecture that replicates the forward image formation process to accomplish this task. Specifically, given a single image, the network first predicts intrinsic properties, i.e. shape, illumination, and material, which are then provided to a rendering layer. This layer performs in-network image synthesis, thereby enabling the network to understand the physics behind the image formation process. The proposed rendering layer is fully differentiable, supports both diffuse and specular materials, and thus can be applicable in a variety of problem settings. We demonstrate a rich set of visually plausible material editing examples and provide an extensive comparative study.
Synthesis and evaluation of paramagnetic particulates as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1991)

Abstract Formulations based on novel particulate ion‐exchange resins, containing a wide range of paramagnetic transition and rare‐earth metals bound to their surfaces, have been synthesised as potential contrast agents for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the gastro‐intestinal (GI) tract of man. They have been evaluated in terms of their effects upon the spin‐lattice ( R 1 ) and spin‐spin ( R 2 ) relaxation rates of the protons of water. Careful selection of the polymer, spacer‐arm, ligand and paramagnetic ion provides a means for subtle molecular tailoring. Further potential applications have been highlighted based on the observed properties of such formulations.
Regulatable atrial natriuretic peptide gene therapy for hypertension (2005)

Hypertension (HTN) is a disease that begins with dysfunctional renal-sodium excretion and progresses to a syndrome of highly elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. Inadequacies in the therapy of HTN have led to the investigation of the gene therapy of this disease by using systemic overproduction of vasodilatory peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). However, gene-therapy approaches to HTN using ANP are limited by the need for long-term ANP gene expression and, most important, control of ANP gene expression. Here, we introduce a helper-dependent adenoviral vector carrying the mifepristone (Mfp)-inducible gene-regulatory system to control in vivo ANP expression. In the BPH/2 mouse model of HTN, Mfp-inducible ANP expression was seen for a period of >120 days after administration of vector. Physiological effects of ANP, including decreased systolic blood pressure, increased urinary cGMP output, and decreases in heart weight as a percentage of body weight were also under the control of Mfp. Given these capabilities, this vector represents a paradigm for the gene therapy of HTN.
The antitumor activity of the human FOLR1-specific monoclonal antibody, farletuzumab, in an ovarian cancer mouse model is mediated by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2013)

Because of its high mortality rate, ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among women and a highly unmet medical need. New therapeutic agents that are effective and well tolerated are needed and cancer antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies that have direct pharmacologic effects or can stimulate immunological responses represent a promising class of agents for the treatment of this disease. The human folate receptor α (FOLR1), which is overexpressed in ovarian cancer but largely absent in normal tissues, appears to play a role in the transformed phenotype in ovarian cancer, cisplatin sensitivity, and growth in depleted folate conditions and therefore has potential as a target for passive immunotherapy. The anti-FOLR1 monoclonal antibody MORAb-003 (farletuzumab) was previously shown to elicit antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibit tumor growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Because of its promising preclinical profile, farletuzumab has been evaluated in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer. In this report, we demonstrated that farletuzumab's antitumor effect against an experimental model of ovarian cancer is mediated by its ADCC activity.
High Efficiency Solar Cells for Large-Scale Electricity Generation (2007)

One strategy for helping the solar industry to grow faster is to use very high efficiency cells under concentrating optics. By using lenses or mirrors to concentrate the light, very small solar cells can be used, reducing the amount of semiconductor material and allowing use of higher efficiency cells, which are now >40% efficient.
Efficacy and Safety of 4‐Aminopyridine in Patients with Long‐Term Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2003)

Patients who received 4-AP showed significant improvement in motor function, and a persistent effect on sensation and independent function occurred. The drug is safe; however, after starting 4-AP therapy, patients must be carefully monitored for the possible occurrence of peripheral vasospasm.
Submicrometer Metallic Barcodes (2001)

We synthesized multimetal microrods intrinsically encoded with submicrometer stripes. Complex striping patterns are readily prepared by sequential electrochemical deposition of metal ions into templates with uniformly sized pores. The differential reflectivity of adjacent stripes enables identification of the striping patterns by conventional light microscopy. This readout mechanism does not interfere with the use of fluorescence for detection of analytes bound to particles by affinity capture, as demonstrated by DNA and protein bioassays.
Serum and Mucosal Immune Responses to an Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Induced by Epidermal Powder Immunization (2001)

Both circulating and mucosal antibodies are considered important for protection against infection by influenza virus in humans and animals. However, current inactivated vaccines administered by intramuscular injection using a syringe and needle elicit primarily circulating antibodies. In this study, we report that epidermal powder immunization (EPI) via a unique powder delivery system elicits both serum and mucosal antibodies to an inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Serum antibody responses to influenza vaccine following EPI were enhanced by codelivery of cholera toxin (CT), a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG DNA), or the combination of these two adjuvants. In addition, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies were detected in the saliva and mucosal lavages of the small intestine, trachea, and vaginal tract, although the titers were much lower than the IgG titers. The local origin of the sIgA antibodies was further shown by measuring antibodies released from cultured tracheal and small intestinal fragments and by detecting antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the lamina propria using ELISPOT assays. EPI with a single dose of influenza vaccine containing CT or CT and CpG DNA conferred complete protection against lethal challenges with an influenza virus isolated 30 years ago, whereas a prime and boost immunizations were required for protection in the absence of an adjuvant. The ability to elicit augmented circulating antibody and mucosal antibody responses makes EPI a promising alternative to needle injection for administering vaccines against influenza and other diseases.
The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Agonist Pemafibrate Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice (2018)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia. Pemafibrate (K-877) is a new selective PPARα modulator activating PPARα transcriptional activity. To determine the effects of pemafibrate on diet-induced obesity, wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing pemafibrate for 12 weeks. Like fenofibrate, pemafibrate significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain; decreased plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels; and increased plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). However, compared to the dose of fenofibrate, a relatively low dose of pemafibrate showed these effects. Pemafibrate activated PPARα transcriptional activity in the liver, increasing both hepatic expression and plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate increased the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, including <i>Ucp1</i>, <i>Cidea</i> and <i>Cpt1b</i> in inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) and the mitochondrial marker <i>Elovl3</i> in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Therefore, pemafibrate activates thermogenesis in iWAT and BAT by increasing plasma levels of FGF21. Additionally, pemafibrate induced the expression of <i>Atgl</i> and <i>Hsl</i> in epididymal white adipose tissue, leading to the activation of lipolysis. Taken together, pemafibrate suppresses diet-induced obesity in mice and improves their obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. We propose that pemafibrate may be useful for the suppression and improvement of obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities.
Costimulation of  T cells by B7-H2, a B7-like molecule that binds ICOS (2000)

This report describes a new human B7-like gene designatedB7-H2. Cell surface expression of B7-H2 protein is detected in monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells. Soluble B7-H2 and immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, B7-H2Ig, binds activated but not resting T cells and the binding is abrogated by inducible costimulator Ig (ICOSIg), but not CTLA4Ig. In addition, ICOSIg stains Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with B7-H2 gene. By suboptimal cross-linking of CD3, costimulation of T-cell proliferation by B7-H2Ig is dose-dependent and correlates with secretion of interleukin (IL)-2, whereas optimal CD3 ligation preferentially stimulates IL-10 production. The results indicate that B7-H2 is a putative ligand for the ICOS T-cell molecule.
Serum selenium and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. (2000)

It is suspected that selenium is protective against prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 9345 Japanese-American men examined between 1971 and 1977. At the time of examination, a blood specimen was obtained, and the serum was frozen. After a surveillance period of more than 20 years, 249 tissue-confirmed incident cases of prostate cancer were identified. Their stored sera and those of 249 matched controls were measured for selenium levels. Odds ratios for prostate cancer, based on quartiles of serum selenium levels, were determined using the General Estimating Equations approach. The multivariate odds ratio for the highest quartile was 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9) with a two-sided P for trend of 0.02. The inverse association was more notable for cases with advanced disease and for cases diagnosed 5-15 years after phlebotomy. However, the association was mainly present in current or past cigarette smokers rather than nonsmokers, which leads to caution in the interpretation of the results.
1V high-speed digital circuit technology with 0.5μm multi-threshold CMOS (2002)

A 1-V high-speed and low-power digital circuit technology with 0.5/spl mu/m multi-threshold CMOS (MT-CMOS) is proposed. This technology applies both low-threshold voltage and high-threshold voltage MOSFETs in one LSI. Low-threshold voltage MOSFETs enhance speed performance at a supply voltage of 1 V or less. High-threshold voltage MOSFETs suppress the stand-by leakage circuit during the sleep period. The technology has achieved logic gate characteristics of a 1.7-ns propagation delay time and 0.3-/spl mu/W/MHz/gate power dissipation. To demonstrate its effectiveness, a standard cell based PLL-LSI was designed as a carrying vehicle. An 18-MHz operation at 1 V was obtained using a 0.5-/spl mu/m MT-CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acceleration of the Healing Process and Myocardial Regeneration May Be Important as a Mechanism of Improvement of Cardiac Function and Remodeling by Postinfarction Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor Treatment (2004)

The acceleration of the healing process and myocardial regeneration may play an important role for the beneficial effect of post-MI G-CSF treatment.
Microcutting and Hollow 3D Microstructures in Glasses by In-volume Selective Laser-induced Etching (ISLE) (2013)

3D microfluidic devices and assembled micro mechanics inside fused silica glass are produced directly from digital CAD data e.g. for markets like medical diagnostics. To exploit the potential productivity of new high average power fs-lasers (150 W -1 kW) a modular high speed scanning system has been developed. Acousto-optical beam deflection, galvo-scanners and translation stages are controlled by CAM software. Using a lens with 10 mm focal length a focus radius of 1 m is scanned with a velocity of 12 m/s on 400 m track radius enabling the up-scaling of the ISLEprocess using large repetition rate and large average power.
Platelets induce apoptosis via membrane-bound FasL (2015)

After tissue injury, both wound sealing and apoptosis contribute to restoration of tissue integrity and functionality. Although the role of platelets (PLTs) for wound closure and induction of regenerative processes is well established, the knowledge about their contribution to apoptosis is incomplete. Here, we show that PLTs present the death receptor Fas ligand (FasL) on their surface after activation. Activated PLTs as well as the isolated membrane fraction of activated PLTs but not of resting PLTs induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in primary murine neuronal cells, human neuroblastoma cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Membrane protein from PLTs lacking membrane-bound FasL (FasL(△m/△m)) failed to induce apoptosis. Bax/Bak-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in target cells was not required for PLT-induced cell death, but increased the apoptotic response to PLT-induced Fas signaling. In vivo, PLT depletion significantly reduced apoptosis in a stroke model and an inflammation-independent model of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced retinal apoptosis. Furthermore, experiments using PLT-specific PF4Cre(+) FasL(fl/fl) mice demonstrated a role of PLT-derived FasL for tissue apoptosis. Because apoptosis secondary to injury prevents inflammation, our findings describe a novel mechanism on how PLTs contribute to tissue homeostasis.
A high-performance GaAs SP3T switch for digital cellular systems (2002)

A high-performance GaAs SP3T switch has been developed using asymmetrical design of the transmit and receive paths. A combination of stacked FETs and multi-gate PHEMT FETs with high breakdown voltages and large peripheries was implemented in this design. Insertion loss of less than 0.8 dB and isolation greater than 25 dB to 2 GHz were obtained. With a positive 3-V control voltage, power handling of the device exceeded 34 dBm while maintaining second and third harmonic levels better than 65 dBc.
A numerical measure of amino acid residues similarity based on the analysis of their surroundings in natural protein sequences (2001)

A measure of similarity between amino acid residues based on the analysis of the surroundings of each residue in primary structures of native proteins is proposed. The statistical data used for this purpose were obtained from the analysis of 168,808 protein sequences, which comprise the Protein Identification Research database (release 63). Using various threshold values of the proposed measure, amino acid residues were classified into several groups. The classification elaborated differs essentially from groupings previously used. The numerical measure of amino acid residues similarity can be used in site-directed mutagenesis studies for the prediction of probability of local spatial rearrangements in proteins.
Whispering-gallery mode lasing in GaN microdisks (2007)

The wide range of wavelengths covered by the Gallium nitride (GaN) group of materials is probably the major reason for its growing use by the semiconductor industry. GaN light emitting diodes are used extensively for illumination and display purposes,1 while UV emitters have been employed in a wide range of biomedical applications.2 High-performance GaN transistors have also been demonstrated. The laser diodes emitting at 405nm and found in the latest high-density DVD players are also GaN-based. Shorter wavelengths allow data to be packed more tightly, so it becomes possible to fit more data on a disc even though it is the same size as a CD/DVD. GaN laser diodes are currently fabricated in the conventional edge-emitting geometry, where the laser light propagates parallel to the wafer surface of the semiconductor. However, the newer surface-emitting versions, where the light propagates in the direction perpendicular to the semiconductor surface, offer more advantages. The first is their lower fabrication cost since the chips can be tested on-wafer, unlike edge-emitters that can only be tested at the end of the fabrication process. They also offer beams with lower divergence due to large output apertures, low power consumption, and wavelength tuning. However, the transition from edge to surface emission is not trivial in GaN structures. In principle, a surface-emitting laser requires a vertical cavity with top and bottom mirrors. In practice, high quality GaN materials are grown on sapphire substrates, which makes the insertion of bottom mirrors inherently difficult. One common solution is the deposition of AlGaN/GaNdistributed Bragg reflector stacks between the device structure and the sapphire substrate.3 Alternatively, undercut microdisk lasers that address mirror insertion challenges have also been fabricated using selective photoelectrochemical etching techniques.4 Recently, we have also developed a microdisk fabrication method based on GaN grown on Si substrates. Pivoted GaN Figure 1. Scanning-electron-microscope images showing (a) the cross section of a single pivoted microdisk and (b) a microdisk array.
An efficient rRNA removal method for RNA sequencing in GC-rich bacteria (2013)

The mRNA enrichment protocol presented in this work leads to an increase in detection sensitivity up to 770% compared to total RNA; such increased sensitivity allows for a corresponding reduction in the number of sequencing reads necessary for the complete analysis of whole transcriptome expression profiling. Thus we can conclude that the MICROBExpress/Ovation combined rRNA removal method could be suitable for RNA sequencing of whole transcriptomes of microorganisms with high GC content and complex genomes enabling at the same time an important scaling down of sequencing costs.