gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies against the native urease of Helicobacter pylori: synergistic inhibition of urease activity by monoclonal antibody combinations (1992)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the native urease of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 were found to clearly inhibit the urease activity. Interestingly, synergistic inhibition by two MAbs recognizing different subunits was also observed. Ten MAbs were produced and classified as two isotypes of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, IgG1, and IgG2a. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that five MAbs recognized the large subunit and the other five recognized the small subunit of the urease. Among the MAbs, L2 and S2, which recognized the large and the small subunits, respectively, were also able to inhibit the urease activity of clinical isolates from H. pylori-infected patients. The combination of L2 and S2 led to augmented synergistic inhibition. L2, but not S2, could also inhibit the urease activity from Helicobacter mustelae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis showed that L2 cross-reacted with this urease. These results suggested that the epitope recognized by L2 had a structure common to both Helicobacter species and may be involved in the active site of the urease. In contrast to the MAbs, a polyclonal antibody in sera from mice immunized with H. pylori urease did not have the ability to inhibit H. pylori urease activity. However, the polyclonal antibody retained the ability to abolish the inhibitory action of these MAbs. Moreover, other MAbs which could not inhibit H. pylori urease activity also abolished the inhibitory action.
Gene expression following ionising radiation: Identification of biomarkers for dose estimation and prediction of individual response (2010)

The data provide evidence that there are a number of genes which seem suitable for biological dosimetry using peripheral blood, including sestrin 1 (SESN1), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), cyclin G1 (CCNG1), ferredoxin reductase (FDXR), p53 up-regulated mediator of apoptosis (BBC3) and Mdm2 p53 binding protein homolog (MDM2). These biomarkers could potentially be used for triage after large-scale radiological incidents and for monitoring radiation exposure during radiotherapy.
Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in human serum. Identification of isoenzymes and their partial characterization (1987)

A hydrolase splitting adenosine (5')triphospho(5')adenosine (Ap3A) and adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (Ap4A) has recently been highly purified from human plasma [Lüthje, J. and Ogilvie, A. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 119-127]. This enzyme has been shown to have 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity (5'-NPD). Three isoenzymes splitting Ap4A and Ap3A were found in human serum by means of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They exactly comigrated with the 5'-NPD isoenzymes I, III and IV according to published nomenclature, and were designated Ap4Aase isozymes I, III and IV. Their Km values with Ap4A as a substrate were 3 microM, 2 microM and 10 microM, respectively. No Ap4A splitting activity corresponding to 5'-NDP-II was found. Further experiments were designed to prove the identity of Ap4Aases with 5'-NPD isoenzymes. Corresponding isozymes of both activities showed identical behaviour upon delipidation of serum with n-butanol: activities I and III were inactivated, whereas IV remained unaffected. Addition of phosphate stimulated Ap4Aase and 5'-NPD isoenzymes I and III, whereas both activities of isozyme IV were inhibited. Further evidence for the identity was obtained when investigating a series of normal and pathological sera showing decreased as well as increased activities of the single isoenzymes. In all cases Ap4Aase and 5'-NPD isoenzymes showed a linear correlation.
Serum Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Is a Specific and Sensitive Marker of Bone Resorption (2001)

Bone-resorbing osteoclasts and activated macrophages express high amounts of type 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP; EC 3.1.3.2) (1). Osteoclasts secrete TRACP into the circulation, and serum TRACP has been considered a potentially useful marker of bone resorption. Several technical problems have prevented the use of serum TRACP as a specific marker of bone resorption. Early enzymatic assays lacked specificity because of the presence of interfering acid phosphatases derived from platelets and erythrocytes (2)(3). Serum TRACP can be determined by use of fluoride (4) or by immunoassays with antibodies specific for TRACP (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). However, there are two forms of TRACP in the serum, namely TRACP 5a and TRACP 5b. Of these, TRACP 5b is derived from osteoclasts, whereas TRACP 5a originates from other, as yet unidentified sources (10)(11)(12).

Two diagnostic assays have been developed recently for serum TRACP 5b: a kinetic assay based on the use of specific inhibitors (13), and an immunoassay based on a highly characterized specific monoclonal antibody (12). The TRACP 5b-specific immunoassay has been shown to be a useful method for monitoring antiresorptive therapy (12). We have now further characterized the immunoassay by studying the clinical specificity and clinical sensitivity of serum TRACP 5b in various bone diseases and nonskeletal diseases.

We obtained serum samples from 303 individuals after written informed consent. At the time of sampling, none of the subjects was receiving antiosteoporotic treatment. Healthy premenopausal women, healthy postmenopausal women, and breast cancer (BC) patients without evidence of bone metastases (BC−) were included as control populations. Patients with bone …
Self-Assembled Quantum Dot−Peptide Bioconjugates for Selective Intracellular Delivery (2006)

We demonstrate the use of self-assembled luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide bioconjugates for the selective intracellular labeling of several eukaryotic cell lines. A bifunctional oligoarginine cell penetrating peptide (based on the HIV-1 Tat protein motif) bearing a terminal polyhistidine tract was synthesized and used to facilitate the transmembrane delivery of the QD bioconjugates. The polyhistidine sequence allows the peptide to self-assemble onto the QD surface via metal-affinity interactions while the oligoarginine sequence allows specific QD delivery across the cellular membrane and intracellular labeling as compared to nonconjugated QDs. This peptide-driven delivery is concentration-dependent and thus can be titrated. Upon internalization, QDs display a punctate-like staining pattern in which some, but not all, of the QD signal is colocalized within endosomes. The effects of constant versus limited exposure to QD-peptide conjugates on cellular viability are evaluated by a metabolic specific assay, and clear differences in cytotoxicity are observed. The efficacy of using peptides for selective intracellular delivery is highlighted by performing a multicolor QD labeling, where we found that the presence or absence of peptide on the QD surface controls cellular uptake.
Prevalence of Various Respiratory Viruses in the Middle Ear during Acute Otitis Media (1999)

Respiratory syncytial virus is the principal virus invading the middle ear during acute otitis media. An effective vaccine against upper respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus may reduce the incidence of acute otitis media in children.
Cutting edge: activation of NK T cells by CD1d and alpha-galactosylceramide directs conventional T cells to the acquisition of a Th2 phenotype. (1999)

NK T cells recognize glycolipid Ags such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) presented by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. In this paper we have studied the in vivo effects of alpha-GalCer on the generation of adaptive immune responses. Treatment of mice with alpha-GalCer resulted in rapid activation of NK T cells and production of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma. However, after this initial stimulation, NK T cells became polarized for the production of IL-4. Further, as soon as 6 days after alpha-GalCer injection, a marked increase in serum IgE levels was observed. Administration of alpha-GalCer at the time of priming of mice with protein Ag resulted in the generation of Ag-specific Th2 cells and a profound increase in the production of IgE. Collectively, these findings indicate that alpha-GalCer may be useful for modulating immune responses toward a Th2 phenotype during prophylaxis and therapy.
HIGH-YIELD PREPARATION OF ISOLATED RAT LIVER PARENCHYMAL CELLS (1969)

A new technique employing continuous recirculating perfusion of the rat liver in situ, shaking of the liver in buffer in vitro, and filtration of the tissue through nylon mesh, results in the conversion of about 50% of the liver into intact, isolated parenchymal cells. The perfusion media consist of: (a) calcium-free Hanks' solution containing 0.05% collagenase and 0.10% hyaluronidase, and (b) magnesium and calcium-free Hanks' solution containing 2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Biochemical and morphologic studies indicate that the isolated cells are viable. They respire in a medium containing calcium ions, synthesize glucose from lactate, are impermeable to inulin, do not stain with trypan blue, and retain their structural integrity. Electron microscopy of biopsies taken during and after perfusion reveals that desmosomes are quickly cleaved. Hemidesmosome-containing areas of the cell membrane invaginate and appear to pinch off and migrate centrally. Tight and gap junctions, however, persist on the intact, isolated cells, retaining small segments of cytoplasm from formerly apposing parenchymal cells. Cells which do not retain tight and gap junctions display swelling of Golgi vacuoles and vacuoles in the peripheral cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuolization in a small percentage of cells and potassium loss are the only indications of cell injury detected. By other parameters measured, the isolated cells are comparable to normal hepatic parenchymal cells in situ in appearance and function.
Identification of antioxidants for prevention of peroxide-mediated oxidation of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and recombinant human nerve growth factor. (1996)

Peroxides present in non-ionic surfactants used to stabilize certain recombinant protein formulations (e.g. polysorbate 80) can result in the oxidative degradation of proteins. In this study, the ability of various pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants to prevent the oxidative degradation of two therapeutic proteins, recombinant human Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (rhCNTF) and recombinant human Nerve Growth Factor (rhNGF), caused by alkyl hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide was studied. For rhCNTF, the rank order of effectiveness of the antioxidants tested was: thiols (cysteine, glutathione, thioglycerol) >> thioethers (methionine). Other parenterally acceptable antioxidants (ascorbic acid, propyl gallate and sodium bisulfite) destabilized the protein. The thiol antioxidants (cysteine and glutathione) were also the most effective antioxidants for rhNGF; however, in contrast to rhCNTF, ascorbic acid did not destabilize rhNGF. The rank order of effective antioxidants for rhNGF was: thiols (cysteine, glutathione) > > thioethers (methionine) > ascorbic acid.
The Design of an Automatic Machine Assignment System (1975)

Certain features of a switching system used to assign videotape machines to recording and playback functions lend themselves to automation control. A suitable system was built and installed at the Canadian Broadcasting Corp., Toronto, to control operations of eight Presentation Area VTRs. Some features of the design are discussed, including modifications introduced after some operational use in order to give greater reliability and better operational features. Although based on a particular VTR assignment system, the comments are applicable to systems using any type of machinery requiring unattended automatic switching.
AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence (2005)

Degradation of the most abundant membrane protein on earth, the light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II (LHC II), is highly regulated under various environmental conditions, e.g., light stress, to prevent photochemical damage to the reaction center. We identified the LHC II degrading protease in Arabidopsis thaliana as a Zn(2+)-dependent metalloprotease, activated by the removal of unknown extrinsic factors, similar to the proteolytic activity directed against Lhcb3 in barley. By using a reversed genetic approach, the chloroplast-targeted protease FtsH6 was identified as being responsible for the degradation. T-DNA KO A. thaliana mutants, lacking ftsH6, were unable to degrade either Lhcb3 during dark-induced senescence or Lhcb1 and Lhcb3 during highlight acclimation. The A. thaliana ftsH6 gene has a clear orthologue in the genome of Populus trichocarpa. It is likely that FtsH6 is a general LHC II protease and that FtsH6-dependent LHC II proteolysis is a feature of all higher plants.
Age at first birth and breast cancer risk. (1970)

An international collaborative study of breast cancer and reproductive experience has been carried out in 7 areas of the world. In all areas studied, a striking relation between age at first birth and breast cancer risk was observed. It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 years or more. Births after the first, even if they occur at an early age, have no, or very little, protective effect. The reduced risk of breast cancer in women having their first child at an early age explains the previously observed inverse relationship between total parity and breast cancer risk, since women having their first birth early tend to become ultimately of high parity. The association with age at first birth requires different kinds of etiological hypotheses from those that have been invoked in the past to explain the association between breast cancer risk and reproductive experience.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of 5′‐O‐Tritylprotected threo‐ and erythro‐3′‐Cyano‐ 3′‐deoxythymidine Epimers Using Free‐Radical Chemistry. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evidence that the cis preference of the Tn5 transposase is caused by nonproductive multimerization. (1994)

The transposase (Tnp) of the bacterial transposon Tn5 acts 50- to 100-fold more efficiently on elements located cis to the site of its synthesis compared with those located in trans. In an effort to understand the basis for this cis preference, we have screened for Tnp mutants that exhibit increased transposition activity in a trans assay. Two mutations in the carboxyl terminus were isolated repeatedly. The EK345 mutation characterized previously increases Tnp activity eightfold both in cis and in trans. The novel LP372 mutation, however, increases Tnp activity 10-fold specifically in trans. Combining both mutations increases Tnp activity 80-fold. Interestingly, the LP372 mutation maps to a region shown previously to be critical for interaction with Inh, an inhibitor of Tn5 transposition, and results in reduced inhibition activity by both Tnp and Inh. Tnp also inhibits Tn5 transposition in trans, and this has been suggested to occur by the formation of inactive Tnp multimers. Because Inh and (presumably) Tnp inhibit Tn5 transposition by forming defective multimers with Tnp, the inhibition defect of the trans-active LP372 mutant suggests that the cis preference of Tnp may also be attributable to nonproductive Tnp-Tnp multimerization. In addition, we show that increasing the synthesis of EK345/LP372 Tnp, but not wild-type Tnp, leads to very high levels of transposition, presumably because this altered Tnp is defective in the inhibitory activity of the wild type protein.
Chemical probing of tDNAPhe with transition metal complexes: A structural comparison of RNA and DNA (1993)

The three-dimensional folding of tDNAPhe has been examined and compared to native tRNAPhe using a series of shape-selective transition metal complexes as chemical probes of nucleic acid structure. Rh(phen)2 phi 3+ (phen = phenanthroline, phi = 9,10-phenanthrenequinonediimine), which targets sites of tertiary interaction in tRNAPhe, cleaves specifically at similar sites on tDNAPhe. However, this rhodium complex also targets 5'-pyr-pyr-pur-3' sites within the acceptor and anticodon stems of tDNA;Rh(phen)2 phi 3+ generally targets 5'-pyr-pyr-pur-3' sites in B-form duplex DNA. On tRNAPhe, Rh(DIP)3(3+) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) specifically cleaves C70, which neighbors a GU mismatch, and targets psi 55 as well, within the hydrophobic region of tRNAPhe. On tDNAPhe no specific cleavage by Rh(DIP)3(3+) is observed. The cleavage studies, taken together, indicate that globally the tertiary folding of tDNAPhe resembles that of tRNAPhe. However, the double helical regions of the DNA analog differ from tRNAPhe, likely in adopting a more B-like conformation. As a consequence, the GT mismatch within the acceptor stem of tDNA does not present the same recognition elements as in tRNA, and the GT mismatch is no longer recognized by the shape-selective rhodium complex. The present work underscores the utility of applying DNA analogs to studies of RNA structure and function, since the general folding characteristics of the two polymers are likely to be similar. However, structural probing with transition metal complexes offers a valuable companion to such experiments, since the shape-selective probes, with sensitivity, may be used to delineate locally on the polymer those regions which may differ in structure.
Intriguing structure-activity relations underlie the potent inhibition of HIV protease by norstatine-based peptides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntriguing structure-activity relations underlie the potent inhibition of HIV protease by norstatine-based peptidesTim F. Tam, Julie Carriere, I. David MacDonald, Arlindo L. Castelhano, Diana H. Pliura, Nolan J. Dewdney, Everton M. Thomas, Chinh Bach, Jimmy Barnett, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 7, 1318–1320Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00085a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00085a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circulating Monocytes and Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in Active Crohnʼs Disease (2004)

We investigated inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and in circulating monocytes obtained from patients with Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Additionally, we assessed the effects of atorvastatin, 10 microM, ex vivo on monocytes cultured for 18 hours from the same subjects. Plasma and blood monocytes from eight patients with active Crohn's disease and eight healthy individuals were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and electrophoretic mobility assays. Patients with active Crohn's disease had increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (7.7-fold;p < 0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (1.3-fold; p < 0.05), and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) (1.2-fold; p < 0.05). Monocytes from patients with Crohn's disease showed enhanced secretion of MCP-1 (4.8-fold; p < 0.05) and a markedly suppressed secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (93%; p < 0.001). Transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB did not differ between the groups. Treating monocytes with atorvastatin resulted in the suppression of MCP-1 (42%; p < 0.05) and TNF-alpha (45%; p < 0.05) secretion. These results show increased levels of certain proinflammatory biomarkers, including oxLDL, in plasma and indicate that peripheral blood monocytes in active Crohn's disease are sensitized to chemotaxis. Treatment with atorvastatin may be a potential strategy to reduce oxLDL and inhibit monocyte migration to inflamed tissue, thus attenuating the inflammatory response.
Immunomicrospheres: Reagents for Cell Labeling and Separation (1980)

Immunomicrospheres are specially designed microscopic particles that have antibodies or similar molecules chemically bound to their surfaces. The antibody-coated microspheres react in a highly specific way with target cells, viruses, or other antigenic agents. Immunomicropheres may be synthesized so that they incorporate compounds that are highly radioactive, intensely fluorescent, magnetic, electron opaque, highly colored, or pharmacologically active. These various types of microspheres may be coated with pure, highly specific monoclonal antibodies obtained by the new hybridoma cell cloning techniques or with conventional antibody preparations. Some of the many present and potential applications for these new reagents are (i) new types of radioimmune or immunofluorescent assays, (ii) improved fluorescence microscopy, (iii) separation of cells on the basis of the fluorescent, electrophoretic, or magnetic properties of bound immunomicrospheres, (iv) markers for use in several types of electron or standard light microscopy, and (v) delivery of lethal compounds to specific undesirable living cells. The combination of the various new types of synthetic microspheres and the newly available homogeneous antibodies offers new opportunities in research, diagnosis, and therapy.
Approach to Disorders of Red Blood Cells (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Anemias The Approach to Anemia The Polycythemias References