gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: An epidemiologic perspective (1995)

Numerous reports suggest that about one-third of patients with congestive heart failure do not have any abnormality of left ventricular systolic function. These patients presumably have heart failure on the basis of ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive overview of published reports of the prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure and to offer recommendations for future studies. Thirty-one studies of patients with congestive heart failure with normal left ventricular systolic function were published in the time period from January 1970 through March 1995. These studies were identified with the use of computer-based searches in relevant data bases. Among patients with congestive heart failure, the prevalence of normal ventricular systolic performance in the published reports varies widely from 13% to 74%; the reported annual mortality rate also varies from 1.3% to 17.5%. The criteria for congestive heart failure, its chronicity and the age of the study sample affect the reported prevalence and prognosis of the disorder. The clinical signs and symptoms of diastolic heart failure are similar to those of patients with systolic heart failure, underscoring the need for evaluation of ventricular systolic function in patients with congestive heart failure. In the absence of any large-scale randomized clinical trial targeting these patients, the optimal treatment of diastolic heart failure is unclear. We conclude that the heterogeneity in previous studies of diastolic heart failure hinders the comparison of published reports. There is a need to conduct prospective, community-based investigations to better characterize the incidence, prevalence and natural history of diastolic heart failure. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine optimal treatment strategies.
Measurement of Histamine, Complement Components and Immune Complexes During Patient Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Material (1976)

Studies were performed on nine patients who had just suffered urticarial or bronchospastic reactions following injection of iodinated contrast material (ICM). The parameters studied were white cell histamine, serum complement components C'3 and C'4 and circulating immune complexes. The white cells of the nine patients demonstrated an average increase of 125% in intracellular histamine over the 3-4 week period following the ICM reaction. Control volunteers averaged only a 10% change. The data implies that there was a loss of white cell histamine during the ICM reaction with replenishment during the following 3-4 week period. Complement components C'3 and C'4 were normal. Circulating antigen-antibody complexes were sought via precipitin bands in agar gel using Clq. None could be isolated following seven ICM reactions. Thus these ICM reactions appeared to release histamine without detection of circulating immune complexes and with normal levels of two major complement components.
Distinctive role of IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes in Fc gamma R-mediated functions. (1989)

Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Rh (D) antibodies of IgG1 and IgG3 subclass were evaluated for their capacity to sensitize erythrocytes and (i) to trigger monocyte and K-cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); (ii) to mediate binding to monocyte and lymphocyte Fc gamma R; (iii) to stimulate phagocytosis by monocytes. All antibodies were equally effective in mediating monocyte or activated U937 cell ADCC but IgG1 was more active than IgG3 in K-cell mediated ADCC. IgG3-sensitized erythrocytes inhibited IgG1-induced lysis, suggesting that each subclass engages the same Fc gamma R receptor but that lysis requires a further 'signal' that the IgG3 molecule can not deliver. Two monoclonal IgG3 anti-D antibodies were shown to have higher binding (two times) and phagocytic (three times) indices than IgG1 antibody for monocytes; similar differences were observed for polyclonal IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. The same pattern was observed in an EA rosette assay when a total lymphocyte population was used; however, this difference was not seen with a B-cell depleted (T+ null cell) lymphocyte population.
Gels Based on Cyclic Polymers (2011)

Cyclic poly(5-hydroxy-1-cyclooctene) (PACOE) was synthesized by ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), and thiol-ene chemistry was used to cross-link the internal double bonds in the PACOE backbone. This created a novel network material (gels formed from cyclic polymers) with unique structural units, where the cyclic PACOE main chains, which serve as secondary topological cross-linkages, were connected by primary intermolecular chemical cross-linkages. The resulting properties were notably different from those of traditional chemically cross-linked linear PACOE gels, whose gel fraction (GF) and modulus (G) increased while the swelling ratio (Q) decreased with increasing initial polymer concentration in the gel precursor solution (C(0)). For the gels formed from cyclic polymers, however, the GF, Q, and G all simultaneously increased as C(0) increased at the higher range. Furthermore, at the same preparation state (same C(0)), the swelling ability and the maximum strain at break of the gels formed from cyclic polymers were always greater than those of the gels formed from linear polymers, and these differences became more pronounced as C(0) increased.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels: An Emerging Biomimetic Platform for Myocardial Therapy and Tissue Engineering (2015)

Recent years have seen a significant rise in patient survival rate after myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack. This is mainly due to improvement in hospital instrument facilities, clinical management system, surgical tools and technologies. However, many of these patients soon develop heart failure, with 50% mortality rate within 5 years of heart attack [1]. As the regeneration power of the heart muscle is very limited, negative remodeling and nonfunctional scar tissue deposition leads to gradual terminal failure of the heart. Current treatments include heart transplantation and ventricular assist devices, which are both highly invasive and risky surgical procedures with inconsistent results. Stem cell transplantation has recently shown some potential that can improve heart function through several mechanisms such as cardiac differentiation, neoangiogenesis and paracrine effects [2]. Despite promising results, stem cell therapy still remains limited because of economic, timing and logistic issues, particularly when isolating cells from elderly patients under clinical settings. Reduced cell survival and retention at the transplant site further limits their therapeutic potential [3]. Thus, we see an urgent need for new strategies to attenuate the progression of the disease postmyocardial infarction. The following sections highlight the emerging roles of biocompatible nanomaterials and hydrogels and provide insights for further development in cardiac therapy and tissue engineering applications.
Surgery for Severe Obesity (2004)

The epidemic of obesity in the United States has spawned a second epidemic — of bariatric surgery. The number of gastrointestinal surgeries performed annually for severe obesity increased from about 16,000 in the early 1990s to about 103,000 in 2003 (see Figure 1). This increase has been fueled by the increase in the number of people who are extremely obese; the failure of diets, exercise, and medical therapy; and the advent of laparoscopic procedures. Surgeons and hospitals are having difficulty keeping up. The number of practicing surgeons who are members of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery (ASBS) increased from 258 . . .
Purification of Barley Starch by Protein Extraction (1991)

Abstract Preparation of pure starch samples requires gentle extraction from the endosperm matrix, followed by removal of contaminating endosperm proteins. Published techniques for removal of these proteins include protease treatment or centrifugation through CsCI. We present a simple method to remove proteins from starch, exploiting the solubility of the major groups of endosperm proteins in aqueous, saline, and alcoholic solvents. The data show that the purity of the starch and retention of B‐granules is similar to conventional techniques. Denaturing polyacry‐lamide gel electrophoresis reveals very few proteins retained with the starch. One major protein has an apparent MW of 54000 and probably corresponds to the “waxy” protein, granule‐bound starch synthase.
Conversion of immune response patterns from high to low and low to high by an RNase-sensitive thymocyte extract. (1980)

In vitro immune responses to human serum albumin (HSA) and synthetic polypeptides (T,G)-A-L, and (H,G)-A-L, associated with the maturation IgG-forming plasma cells were studied in relation to thymic low molecular weight RNA. This RNA, from normal low-responder animals to these antigens, converted high-responder bone marrow cells to low responders, whereas RNA from high responders converted low-responder bone marrow cells to high responders. These changes of immune response patterns were observed not only in the combination of allogeneic mouse cells and RNA, but also in xenogeneic rat and mouse systems. Thymic RNA from low-responder animals had no suppressive activity to high-responder RNA, when both were added together to one dish with antigen. High doses (x 50) of low-responder thymic RNA stimulated the same immune response level as a regular amount of high-responder thymic RNA. Intact thymocytes derived from low-responder mice added together with high-responder thymic RNA did not suppress immune response of high-responder bone marrow cultures. Intact allogeneic thymocytes also induced the same response as allogeneic thymic RNA. These results indicate that humoral immune responses can be influenced by thymic RNA derived from normal animals.
Surface and Interiority: Self-Creation in Margaret Cavendish's the Claspe (1998)

In the last decade trans-arterial radioembolization has given promising results in the treatment of patients with intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both in terms of disease control and tolerability profile. This technique consists of the selective intra-arterial administration of microspheres loaded with a radioactive compound (usually Yttrium(90)), and exerts its therapeutic effect through the radiation carried by these microspheres. A careful and meticulous selection of patients is crucial before performing the radioembolization to correctly perform the procedure and reduce the incidence of complications. Radioembolization is a technically complex and expensive technique, which has only recently entered clinical practice and is supported by scant results from phase III clinical trials. Nevertheless, it may represent a valid alternative to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC patients, as shown by a comparative retrospective assessment that reported a longer time to progression, but not of overall survival, and a more favorable safety profile for radioembolization. In addition, this treatment has reported a higher percentage of tumor shrinkage, if compared to TACE, for pre-transplant downsizing and it represents a promising therapeutic option in patients with large extent of disease and insufficient residual liver volume who are not immediately eligible for surgery. Radioembolization might also be a suitable companion to sorafenib in advanced HCC or it can be used as a potential alternative to this treatment in patients who are not responding or do not tolerate sorafenib.
Nicotine metabolite ratio as a predictor of cigarette consumption (2003)

The rate of nicotine metabolism is hypothesized to be a determinant of how much a person smokes. That is, rapid metabolizers would be expected to need more nicotine and, therefore, smoke more than slow metabolizers. Nicotine is metabolized extensively by the liver enzyme CYP2A6, primarily to cotinine. Cotinine is itself metabolized by CYP2A6 to 3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC). The ratio of metabolite to parent (i.e., 3-HC:cotinine) would be expected to reflect CYP2A6 activity. We measured the ratio of 3-HC:cotinine in the urine of 72 smokers. This ratio was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r=.33, p=.005), though not with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. This finding supports the hypothesis that the rate of nicotine metabolism is a determinant of the level of cigarette consumption and supports the use of the 3-HC:cotinine ratio as a noninvasive marker of nicotine metabolism.
Protective and Rescuing Abilities of IGF‐I and Some Putative Free Radical Scavengers against β‐Amyloid‐Inducing Toxicity in Neurons (1999)

beta-Amyloid (A beta) peptides are most likely involved in the neurodegenerative process occurring in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and are enriched in senile plaques. The mechanisms of A beta toxicity are not clear but likely involve free radicals and apoptosis. Much interest is currently aiming at developing effective approaches to block A beta toxicity in order to slow down disease progression. In that context, we are particularly interested in studying the role of insulin-like growth factors, particularly IGF-I and purported free radical scavengers including a Gingko biloba extract (EGb761) as blocker of A beta toxicity in a simple in vitro model of hippocampal primary cultures. We observed that both IGF-I and EGb761 are unique in that they are able not only to protect but even to rescue neurons against A beta toxicity. These results are summarized here and possible mechanisms of action are discussed to explain the protective properties of these two classes of agents.
Extracellular Hsp72, an endogenous DAMP, is released by virally infected airway epithelial cells and activates neutrophils via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (2009)

Collectively these data suggest that extracellular Hsp72 is released from virally infected airway epithelial cells resulting in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils.
Redundant homosexual F transfer facilitates selection-induced reversion of plasmid mutations (1996)

F plasmids use surface exclusion to prevent the redundant entry of additional F plasmids during active growth of the host cells. This mechanism is relaxed during stationary phase and nonlethal selections, allowing homosexual redundant plasmid transfer. Homosexual redundant transfer occurs in stationary-phase liquid cultures, within nongrowing populations on solid media, and on media lacking a carbon source. We examined the relationship between homosexual redundant transfer, which occurs between F+ hosts, and reversion of a plasmid-encoded lac mutant allele, lacI33omegalacZ. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mutations that prevent normal transfer to F- cells reduced redundant transfer and selection-induced reversion of the lacI33omegalacZ allele. A recA null mutation reduced redundant transfer and selection-induced reversion of the lacI33omegalacZ mutation. Conversely, a recD null mutation increased redundant transfer and selection-induced reversion of the lacI33omegalacZ allele. These results suggest an explanation for why SDS and these mutations affect reversion of the plasmid lacI33omegalacZ allele. However, a direct causal relationship between transfer and reversion remains to be established. These results suggest that Rec proteins play an active role in redundant transfer and/or that redundant transfer is regulated with the activation of recombination. Redundant homosexual plasmid transfer during a period of stress may represent a genetic response that facilitates evolution of plasmid-encoded functions through mutation, recombination, reassortment, and dissemination of genetic elements present in the populations.
Increase in the active form of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in human hepatocellular carcinoma: possible mechanism for alteration of cholesterol biosynthesis. (1990)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and the rate of sterol biosynthesis are positively correlated with DNA synthesis and proliferation of mammalian cells. The total (active plus latent) activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and the activity of its active form in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from seven patients were measured and compared with those in liver tissue from five control subjects. The activity of the active form in HCC was 61 +/- 21 (SD) pmol/min/mg microsomal protein, while it was only 17 +/- 9.8 pmol/min/mg protein in the liver tissue from the controls; the difference was significant (P less than 0.005). The total activity of the reductase was also higher in HCC although the difference was not significant. The microsomal contents of the enzyme protein also were not significantly different. The rate of cholesterol biosynthesis was 307 +/- 81 pmol/h/mg tissue in HCC and 79.6 +/- 52 in normal liver tissue, indicating a significant increase in the rate in HCC (P less than 0.001). Thus, enhanced synthesis of cholesterol in human HCC seems to result partly from an increase in the active form of the reductase.
A Highly Efficient Ruthenium Catalyst for Metathesis Reactions (2002)

A simple three-step synthesis leads to the formation of the active complex 1, which operates under very mild conditions (even at 0 °C!) and can be successfully applied in various types of olefin metathesis (ring-closing metathesis, cross metathesis, enyne metathesis), for example, in the cyclization of 2 to form 3.
RF-MEMS switchable inductors for tunable bandwidth BAW filters (2010)

This paper presents a method for reconfiguring the bandwidth of Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) ladder filters by adding switchable inductors to their shunt resonators. Inductance values are controlled by selecting the number of turn in spiral inductor using micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) switches. For this purpose, a MEMS inductor has been designed, fabricated and characterized in terms of inductance value, quality factor, and resonance frequency. A measurement-based model of this inductor has been implemented in a circuit simulator to build a reconfigurable RF Ladder BAW filter intended for handset applications. The simulation results show that, using this switchable inductor, it is possible to increase the filter bandwidth by up to 25% with an improved out-of-band rejection and without degrading its selectivity.
Application of Federal Kalman Filter with Neural Networks in the Velocity and Attitude Matching of Transfer Alignment (2018)

The centralized Kalman filter is always applied in the velocity and attitude matching of Transfer Alignment (TA). But the centralized Kalman has many disadvantages, such as large amount of calculation, poor real‐time performance, and low reliability. In the paper, the federal Kalman filter (FKF) based on neural networks is used in the velocity and attitude matching of TA, the Kalman filter is adjusted by the neural networks in the two subfilters, the federal filter is used to fuse the information of the two subfilters, and the global suboptimal state estimation is obtained. The result of simulation shows that the federal Kalman filter based on neural networks is better in estimating the initial attitude misalignment angle of inertial navigation system (INS) when the system dynamic model and noise statistics characteristics of inertial navigation system are unclear, and the estimation error is smaller and the accuracy is higher.
Lung deposition after inhalation with various nebulisers in preterm infants (2008)

Inhalation with the LC Star jet nebuliser producing the greatest proportion of droplets <2 mum yielded a higher lung deposition in preterm infants than the LS 290 and Projet ultrasonic nebulisers.
Overexpression and Amplification of Aurora-A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2004)

The results show that Aurora-A is overexpressed frequently in HCC, and correlated with high grade and high stage, indicating that overexpression of Aurora-A plays a role in the development and progression of HCC.
Host structure dependence of light yield and proportionality in scintillators in terms of hot and thermalized carrier transport (2012)

Abstract Several outstanding questions, including why complex halide scintillator host structures allow higher light yield and flatter electron energy response than simple monovalent metal halides, have remained unanswered by current models of luminescence in dense ionization tracks. Our measurements of nonlinear quenching kinetic order, recent literature on hot‐electron transport in scintillators, and calculations presented here of hot‐electron velocity from band structure of SrI 2 and NaI, lead us to expand our previously described diffusion and nonlinear quenching model to include hot‐electron transport. Trends in multivalent versus monovalent metal halides, heavier versus lighter halides, and halides versus oxides versus semiconductors can be predicted based on optical phonon frequency, thermalized band edge mobilities, velocity in the upper conduction bands, and hole self‐trapping. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methods of Feedback Control for Adaptive Counter-Phase Optical Interference Cancellation (2010)

We describe two methods of automatically tuning the optical parameters of the optical counter-phase interference-cancellation system. The methods not only achieve signal cancellation automatically but also permit that cancellation to be maintained in the presence of dynamic amplitude and phase fluctuations in the input signal. The purpose of this paper is twofold: First, we show that this conceptually simple optical method of interference cancellation readily lends itself to a simple method of closed-loop control and second, we introduce a novel method of optical closed-loop control. This work has allowed for fully adaptive operation of the opto-cancellation system in proof-of-principle laboratory experiments while also exposing issues to be addressed so that adaptive operation may be realized in more realistic situations.
LSN2424100: a novel, potent orexin-2 receptor antagonist with selectivity over orexin-1 receptors and activity in an animal model predictive of antidepressant-like efficacy (2014)

We describe a novel, potent and selective orexin-2 (OX2)/hypocretin-2 receptor antagonist with in vivo activity in an animal model predictive of antidepressant-like efficacy. N-biphenyl-2-yl-4-fluoro-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide HCl (LSN2424100) binds with high affinity to recombinant human OX2 receptors (Ki = 4.5 nM), and selectivity over OX1 receptors (Ki = 393 nM). LSN2424100 inhibited OXA-stimulated intracellular calcium release in HEK293 cells expressing human and rat OX2 receptors (Kb = 0.44 and 0.83 nM, respectively) preferentially over cells expressing human and rat OX1 (Kb = 90 and 175 nM, respectively). LSN2424100 exhibits good exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats after IP, but not PO, administration of a 30 mg/kg dose (AUC0-6 h = 1300 and 269 ng(*)h/mL, respectively). After IP administration in rats and mice, LSN2424100 produces dose-dependent antidepressant-like activity in the delayed-reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) assay, a model predictive of antidepressant-like efficacy. Efficacy in the DRL model was lost in mice lacking OX2, but not OX1 receptors, confirming OX2-specific activity. Importantly, antidepressant-like efficacy of the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, was maintained in both OX1 and OX2 receptor knock-out mice. In conclusion, the novel OX2 receptor antagonist, LSN2424100, is a valuable tool compound that can be used to explore the role of OX2 receptor-mediated signaling in mood disorders.