gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plaque fissuring--the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death, and crescendo angina. (1985)

The clinical management of acute myocardial infarc- tion and crescendo angina as well as the prevention of sudden ischaemic death require accurate knowledge of the underlying arterial pathology. It is on just this aspect that until recently there has been disagreement particularly among pathologists. In brief, this con- troversy was concerned with whether coronary artery thrombi were or were not directly responsible for all three clinical pictures of acute ischaemia.
Role of Right Middle Pulmonary Vein in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2001)

RMPV was detected by MRA in >80% of paroxysmal AF patients. Ectopy from RMPV can initiate AF, and radiofrequency ablation of RMPV foci is feasible and safe.
Differential effects of inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway on the expansion and functionality of regulatory T cells (2016)

The PI3K/mTOR pathway is commonly deregulated in cancer. mTOR inhibitors are registered for the treatment of several solid tumors and novel inhibitors are explored clinically. Notably, this pathway also plays an important role in immunoregulation. While mTOR inhibitors block cell cycle progression of conventional T cells (Tconv), they also result in the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), and this likely limits their clinical antitumor efficacy. Here, we compared the effects of dual mTOR/PI3K inhibition (using BEZ235) to single PI3K (using BKM120) or mTOR inhibition (using rapamycin and everolimus) on Treg expansion and functionality. Whereas rapamycin, everolimus and BEZ235 effected a relative expansion benefit for Tregs and increased their overall suppressive activity, BKM120 allowed for similar expansion rates of Tregs and Tconv without altering their overall suppressive activity. Therefore, PI3K inhibition alone might offer antitumor efficacy without the detrimental selective expansion of Tregs associated with mTOR inhibition.
Meniscal tears: The effect of meniscectomy and of repair on intraarticular contact areas and stress in the human knee (1986)

The role of the meniscus in load transmission across the knee has long been a subject of debate. In this study, we examined the biomechanical consequences of the operative treatments for bucket-handle and peripheral meniscal tears. Contact areas and instantaneous intraarticular pressure distributions were measured in two groups of human cadaver knees. In Group I, consisting of four knees, we created a bucket-handle tear involving the inner one-third of the meniscus, followed by partial, and then total meniscectomy. Knees were tested in an Instron testing machine after each procedure, using a 400 pound load at 0 degrees or 30 degrees flexion. Contact areas and local stresses were measured using Prescale, a pressure-sensitive film. After partial meniscectomy, contact areas decreased approximately 10%, and peak local contact stresses (PLCS) increased approximately 65%. After total meniscectomy, contact areas decreased approximately 75%, and PLCS increased approximately 235%. In Group II, consisting of three additional knees, we created a 2 cm peripheral tear of the posterior meniscal horn, followed by open repair, arthroscopic repair, segmental, and then total meniscectomy. Repair of the tear was accomplished with either vertically placed sutures by an open technique or horizontally placed sutures by an arthroscopic technique. Knees were tested in the neutral position in the Instron machine and contact areas and local stresses measured using Prescale. PLCSs and contact areas were found to be the same using either repair technique. There was, however, a 110% increase in PLCS after segmental meniscectomy of that portion of the meniscus involved in the peripheral tear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Activation/Intramolecular Amination Reaction: A New Route to 3-Aryl/Alkylindazoles (2007)

A method for the catalytic C-H activation of hydrazone compounds followed by intramolecular amination is described. It requires the use of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 and AgOCOCF3, which efficiently effects the cyclization to afford variously substituted indazoles. The reactions proceed under relatively mild conditions and thus tolerate a variety of functional groups, including alkoxycarbonyl and cyano groups and halogen atoms.
Phytochromes in Microorganisms (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Higher Plant Phys The Discovery of Microbial Phys Phylogenetic Analysis of the Phy Superfamily Cyanobacterial Phy (Cph) Family Bacteriophytochrome (BphP) Family Fungal Phy (Fph) Family Phy-like Sequences Downstream Signal-Transduction Cascades Physiological Roles of Microbial Phys Regulation of Phototaxis Enhancement of Photosynthetic Potential Photocontrol of Pigmentation Evolution of the Phy Superfamily Perspectives Acknowledgements References
Crystal structure of ytterbium gold gallium, YbAu3Ga7 in the ScRh3Si7-type (1996)

Article Crystal structure of ytterbium gold gallium, YbAu3Ga7 in the ScRh3Si7-type was published on February 1, 1996 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 211, issue 2).
Transplantation into the human brain: present status and future possibilities. (1989)

Transplantation of brain tissue into the adult mam- malian CNS is not a new field of research. A century ago, the New York Medical Journal contained an article by W Gilman Thompson' entitled "Successful brain grafting". He exchanged large pieces of neocor- tical tissue between adult cats and dogs and analysed some of the grafts microscopically after survival times ofup to 7 weeks. Despite the positive title ofhis paper, the long-term "grafts" probably consisted only of neuron-free remnants and developing scar tissue. Almost 90 years passed before the first animal experimental data appeared clearly indicating the possible clinical usefulness of the neural grafting technique. In 1979 it was shown23 that intracerebral grafts of rat fetal dopamine (DA) neurons were able to reduce the symptoms of experimental, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism in rats. This was the first example of neurons, being implanted into the adult mammalian brain, which were able to reverse a functional deficit in an animal model of a human neurological disorder. Early on, of course, these findings kindled a hope that it would be possible to develop a transplantation therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease.
Radiation dosimetry of 99mTc-labeled C225 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (2004)

The new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-EC-C225 appears to have reasonable dosimetric properties for a diagnostic nuclear medicine agent. Correlation of the imaging results with clinical findings is the next step.
ROLE OF RETINOID-X RECEPTOR-α IN THE SUPPRESSION OF RAT BILE ACID COENZYME A-AMINO ACID N-ACYLTRANSFERASE IN LIVER DURING SEPSIS (2007)

Sepsis causes intrahepatic cholestasis and leads to hepatic failure. However, the pathophysiology of hepatic events is unclear. Expression of rat hepatic bile acid coenzyme A-amino acid N-acyltransferase (rBAT), a major enzyme for the conjugation of bile acids, is significantly decreased during sepsis. rBAT transcriptional regulation is mainly by a heterodimer of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR) and retinoid-X receptor-alpha (RXR-alpha) via the inverted repeat 1 sequence. During sepsis, nuclear receptors and translocation of RXR-alpha from cytosol to nucleus decrease. The purpose of this study was to further clarify the mechanisms of RXR-alpha-mediated rBAT regulation during polymicrobial sepsis and with dexamethasone treatment. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Liver tissues obtained 3, 6, 9, and 18 h after CLP were studied, and hepatocytes were isolated from rats with sepsis. Post-CLP decreases were observed in mRNA levels of rBAT (6 h), protein levels of rBAT (6 h), RXR-alpha (6 h), and FXR (9 h). DNA binding activity of FXR/RXR significantly decreased at 6 h after CLP. Dexamethasone reversed sepsis-inhibited RXR-alpha expression and the binding activity of FXR/RXR to rBAT DNA as well as rBAT protein expression. The results suggest that suppression of rBAT occurs at the transcriptional level, and the decrease in RXR-alpha by septic insult may play a critical role in rBAT suppression at the early stage of polymicrobial sepsis.
Effective permittivity of dielectric mixtures (1988)

General mixing formulas are derived for discrete scatterers immersed in a host medium. The inclusion particles are assumed to be ellipsoidal. The electric field inside the scatterers is determined by quasi-static analysis, assuming the diameter of the inclusion particles to be much smaller than one wavelength. The results are applicable to general multiphase mixtures, and the scattering ellipsoids of the different phases can have different sizes and arbitrary ellipticity distribution and axis orientation, i.e. the mixture may be isotropic or anisotropic. The resulting mixing formula is nonlinear and is suitable for iterative solutions. The formula contains a quantity called the apparent permittivity, and with different choices of this quantity, the result leads to the generalized Lorentz-Lorenz formula, the generalized Polder-van Santen formula, and the generalized coherent potential-quasicrystalline approximation formula. The results are applied to calculating the complex effective permittivity of dry and wet snow, and sea ice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Small-Molecule Immunostimulants. Synthesis and Activity of 7,8-Disubstituted Guanosines and Structurally Related Compounds (1994)

A series of 7,8-disubstituted guanosine derivatives was designed and prepared as potential B-cell-selective activators of the humoral immune response. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to act as B-cell mitogens and to augment the antibody response of B cells to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) challenge (adjuvanticity). In addition, they were tested for their ability to stimulate the natural killer (NK) cell response in murine in vitro cell assays. Certain of the compounds demonstrated in vivo activity when administered either intravenously, subcutaneously, or orally. Analogues with a medium-length alkyl chain (2-4 carbons, 5-7) on the 7-position of 7-alkyl-8-oxoguanosines were found to be particularly potent. Compounds bearing hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, or substituted aminoalkyl substituents on this 7-position were weakly active. However, benzyl groups, including those substituted with heteroatoms (e.g., p-nitrobenzyl, 14), were active. Oxo, thioxo, and seleno groups on C-8 of the guanosine ring all imparted strong activity, whereas other larger substituents did not (e.g., N = CN). Stereochemical inversion of the 2'-hydroxyl on the ribose ring in this series, giving arabinose analogue 70, lessened activity. However, removal of the 2'-hydroxyl, either with (64) or without (73) removal of the 3'-hydroxyl, resulted in excellent activity and improved solubility; 64 also displayed good oral in vivo activity as well. A series of ketals involving the 2',3'-hydroxyls were prepared; certain of the nonpolar ketals (e.g., 48) were remarkably active, pointing to an ancillary hydrophobic binding region that can augment activity. 5'-Phosphate derivative 57 was fairly active, and acyclovir analogue 90 displayed good NK-selective activity: other N-9 sugar mimetics were also active (97-104), although this activity did not carry over into the human B-cell assay. A total of 80 compounds were prepared and evaluated for their immunostimulating activity. Within this group, compounds could be divided into those that were active in all three assays, those that displayed some measure of selectivity for the adjuvanticity assay, and those that preferentially activated NK responses. Because of its overall biological profile and ease of synthesis, 7-allyl-8-oxoguanosine (6; loxoribine, RWJ-21757) was chosen for further development. It is among the most potent compounds evaluated in the three biological assays.
Microbial Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers. (1993)

微生物は,多様な炭素資源から特定のモノマーを合成し,重合酵素の作用で合目的な高分子を生産する最小単位の高分子合成システムである.資源の有効利用と環境保全の視点からも,微生物による高分子合成のメカニズムを学ぶことは,極めて重要である.本稿では,筆者らが研究の対象としてきた生分解性ポリエステルの微生物合成を中心に,新しい生物高分子の生合成に関する新展開を紹介する.
Synthesis and Properties of Di-n-dodecyl α,ω-Alkyl Bisphosphate Surfactants (1997)

Three gemini and two bolaform bisphosphate surfactants of the type 12-s-12, with s = 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 carbon atoms, have been synthesized and their aggregation behavior has been studied. The bolaform surfactants 12-18-12 and 12-24-12 were found to form vesicles in aqueous solution, as indicated by electron microscopy. The geminis 12-6-12, 12-8-12, and 12-12-12 form micellar structures. The cmc's of the geminis, obtained from conductivity measurements, spectroscopic methods, and microcalorimetry, are very low, on the order of 10-4 to 10-5 M. The cmc decreases with increasing spacer length. For the bolaform amphiphiles 12-18-12 and 12-24-12 noncooperative phase transitions are detected using fluorescence depolarization and DSC. NMR line-broadening studies display unusual behavior. The spacer within the 12-24-12 vesicles has been found to be membrane spanning, as confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction.
Novel secretory heparin-binding factors from human glioma cells (glia-activating factors) involved in glial cell growth. Purification and biological properties. (1993)

Growth factors for rat primary glial cells were identified in conditioned medium of a human glioma-derived cell line. The factors, designated glia-activating factors (GAFs), were purified to homogeneity by a combination of heparin affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatography on a heparin affinity column and a C4 reversed-phase column. GAFs could be resolved into three peaks by C4 column chromatography. The M(r) values of these three proteins were estimated to be 30,000, 29,000, and 25,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. These M(r) values were in good agreement with the value of 26,000 +/- 3,000 estimated from the elution volume upon gel filtration chromatography under nondenaturing conditions. These data suggested that each of the GAFs consists of a single polypeptide chain and has no subunit structures. These three purified GAFs had almost the same growth-stimulating effect on glial cells in vitro, and the half-maximal dose was around 10(-11) M. Concanavalin A staining and glycopeptide N-glycosidase treatment of GAFs indicated that an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chain(s) was attached to these three kinds of GAFs. Microsequencing of each GAF revealed a single amino-terminal sequence with no significant homology to any known protein, and the amino-terminal sequence of the 30-kDa GAF included that of the 29-kDa GAF. GAFs also stimulated the cell growth of oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte progenitor cells, BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts, and PC-12 cells but not that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Clearance of fear memory from the hippocampus through neurogenesis by omega-3 fatty acids: A novel preventive strategy for posttraumatic stress disorder? (2011)

Not only has accidental injury been shown to account for a significant health burden on all populations, regardless of age, sex and geographic region, but patients with accidental injury frequently present with the psychiatric condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prevention of accident-related PTSD thus represents a potentially important goal. Physicians in the field of psychosomatic medicine and critical care medicine have the opportunity to see injured patients in the immediate aftermath of an accident. This article first briefly reviews the prevalence and associated factors of accident-related PTSD, then focuses on a conceptual model of fear memory and proposes a new, rationally hypothesized translational preventive intervention for PTSD through promoting hippocampal neurogenesis by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. The results of an open-label pilot trial of injured patients admitted to the intensive care unit suggest that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation immediately after accidental injury can reduce subsequent PTSD symptoms.
Cloning of a yeast gene coding for the glutamate synthase small subunit (GUS2) by complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli glutamate auxotrophs (1992)

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamate auxotroph, lacking NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities, was complemented with a yeast genomic library. Clones were obtained which still lacked NADP-GDH but showed GOGAT activity. Northern analysis revealed that the DNA fragment present in the complementing plasmids coded for a 1.5kb mRNA. Since the only GOGAT enzyme so far purified from S. cerevisiae is made up of a small and a large subunit, the size of the mRNA suggested that the cloned DNA fragment could code for the GOGAT small subunit. Plasmids were purified and used to transform Escherichia coli glutamate auxotrophs. Transformants were only recovered when the recipient strain was an E. coli GDH-less mutant lacking the small GOGAT subunit. These data show that we have cloned the structural gene coding for the yeast small subunit (GUS2). Evidence is also presented indicating that the GOGAT enzyme which is synthesized in the E. coli transformants is a hybrid comprising the large E. coli subunit and the small S. cerevisiae subunit.
Factor H, membrane cofactor protein, and factor I mutations in patients with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome (2008)

The HELLP syndrome, defined by the existence of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count, is a serious complication of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders and shares several clinical and biologic features with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Several recent studies have clearly shown that an abnormal control of the complement alternative pathway is a major risk for the occurrence of a peculiar type of TMA involving mainly the kidney. The aim of this study was to screen for complement abnormalities in 11 patients with HELLP syndrome and renal involvement. We identified 4 patients with a mutation in one of the genes coding for proteins involved in the regulation of the alternative pathway of complement. Our results suggest that an abnormal control of the complement alternative pathway is a risk factor for the occurrence of HELLP syndrome.
Energy storage studies of bare and doped vanadium pentoxide, (V1.95M0.05)O5, M = Nb, Ta, for lithium ion batteries (2011)

The bare V2O5 and doped (V1.95M0.05)O5 (M = Nb, Ta) nano/submicron sized compounds were prepared by the simple polymer precursor method. The compounds were characterized by different physical and electroanalytical techniques. The effects of doping and different synthesis conditions on the energy storage performance of the V2O5 compounds were discussed. All compounds delivered a discharge capacity (at the end of the 2nd cycle) in the range 245 to 261 (±3) mA h g−1, except for the tantalum doped compound (V1.95Ta0.05)O5 which exhibited a discharge capacity of 210 (±3) mA h g−1, cycled in the range 2.0–4.0 V at a current rate of 120 mA g−1. An excellent cycling stability of 96% till twenty cycles was achieved for the compound V2O5 prepared by the polymer precursor method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies at different voltages during discharge and charge cycles were discussed in detail.
Design and Synthesis of Novel N-Acetylgalactosamine-Terminated Glycolipids for Targeting of Lipoproteins to the Hepatic Asialoglycoprotein Receptor (2004)

A novel glycolipid has been prepared that contains a cluster glycoside with an unusually high affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) and a bile acid moiety that mediates stable incorporation into lipidic particles. The glycolipid spontaneously associated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) within human and murine plasma, and loading of lipoproteins with this glycolipid resulted in an efficient dose-dependent recognition and uptake of LDL and HDL by the liver (and not by spleen) upon intravenous injection into wild-type mice. Preinjection with asialoorosomucoid largely inhibited the uptake, establishing that both HDL and LDL were selectively recognized and processed by the ASGPr on liver parenchymal cells. Finally, repeated intravenous administration of the glycolipid to hyperlipidemic LDL receptor-deficient mice evoked an efficient and persistent cholesterol-lowering effect. These results indicate that the glycolipid may be a promising alternative for the treatment of hyperlipidemic patients who do not respond sufficiently to current cholesterol-lowering therapies.
Infochemistry and infofuses for the chemical storage and transmission of coded information (2009)

This article describes a self-powered system that uses chemical reactions--the thermal excitation of alkali metals--to transmit coded alphanumeric information. The transmitter (an "infofuse") is a strip of the flammable polymer nitrocellulose patterned with alkali metal ions; this pattern encodes the information. The wavelengths of 2 consecutive pulses of light represent each alphanumeric character. While burning, infofuses transmit a sequence of pulses (at 5-20 Hz) of atomic emission that correspond to the sequence of metallic salts (and therefore to the encoded information). This system combines information technology and chemical reactions into a new area--"infochemistry"--that is the first step toward systems that combine sensing and transduction of chemical signals with multicolor transmission of alphanumeric information.
Comparative Metagenomics of Microbial Communities (2005)

The species complexity of microbial communities and challenges in culturing representative isolates make it difficult to obtain assembled genomes. Here we characterize and compare the metabolic capabilities of terrestrial and marine microbial communities using largely unassembled sequence data obtained by shotgun sequencing DNA isolated from the various environments. Quantitative gene content analysis reveals habitat-specific fingerprints that reflect known characteristics of the sampled environments. The identification of environment-specific genes through a gene-centric comparative analysis presents new opportunities for interpreting and diagnosing environments.