gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical behaviour and structural characteristics of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo electric organ. Effect of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (1985)

Quantitative solubilization of the phospholipid-associated form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Torpedo electric organ can be achieved in the absence of detergent by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) from Staphylococcus aureus [Futerman, Low & Silman (1983) Neurosci. Lett. 40, 85-89]. The sedimentation coefficient on sucrose gradients of AChE solubilized in detergents (DSAChE) varies with the detergent employed. However, the coefficient of AChE directly solubilized by PIPLC is not changed by detergents. Furthermore, PIPLC can abolish the detergent-sensitivity of the sedimentation coefficient of DSAChE purified by affinity chromatography, suggesting that one or more molecules of phosphatidylinositol (PI) are co-solubilized with DSAChE and remain attached throughout purification. DSAChE binds to phospholipid liposomes, whereas PIPLC-solubilized AChE and DSAChE treated with PIPLC do not bind even to liposomes containing PI. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis shows that PIPLC-solubilized AChE, like unmodified DSAChE, is a catalytic subunit dimer; electrophoresis in the presence of reducing agent reveals no detectable difference in the Mr of the catalytic subunit of unmodified DSAChE, of AChE solubilized by PIPLC and of AChE solubilized by Proteinase K. The results presented suggest that DSAChE is anchored to the plasma membrane by one or more PI molecules which are tightly attached to a short amino acid sequence at one end of the catalytic subunit polypeptide.
Future Supply and Demand for Oncologists : Challenges to Assuring Access to Oncology Services (2007)

ASCO, policy makers, and the public have major challenges ahead of them to forestall likely shortages in the capacity to meet future demand for oncology services. A multifaceted strategy will be needed to ensure that Americans have access to oncology services in 2020, as no single action will fill the likely gap between supply and demand. Among the options to consider are increasing the number of oncology fellowship positions, increasing use of nonphysician clinicians, increasing the role of primary care physicians in the care of patients in remission, and redesigning service delivery.
Surface Derivatization of Colloidal Silver Particles Using Interdigitated Bilayers: A Novel Strategy for Electrostatic Immobilization of Colloidal Particles in Thermally Evaporated Fatty Acid/Fatty Amine Films (1998)

We have recently demonstrated that interdigitated bilayers of fatty acid molecules self-assemble on nanoscale curved surfaces, thereby highlighting an important difference between self-assembly on planar surfaces where such structures have not been reported to form. On a more practical level, this approach leads to a new strategy for derivatization of colloidal particle surfaces without the use of terminally functionalized molecules. In this paper, we use this new strategy to derivatize colloidal silver particle surfaces with carboxylic acid and amine functional groups and, thereafter, to incorporate the colloidal particles in thermally evaporated conjugate fatty lipid films via electrostatically controlled diffusion from the sol. The diffusion of the colloidal particles in the thermally evaporated organic films has been followed using quartz crystal microgravimetry and modeled on the basis of a 1-D diffusion process and the cluster diffusivities determined. It is observed that both the charge on the clusters and the length of the alkyl tail of the molecules in the secondary monolayer (via a hydrophobic interaction contribution) influence the cluster diffusivity in the thermally evaporated films. The cluster-incorporated films have been further characterized using optical absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
Antisense oligonucleotides in therapy for neurodegenerative disorders (2015)

Antisense oligonucleotides are synthetic single stranded strings of nucleic acids that bind to RNA and thereby alter or reduce expression of the target RNA. They can not only reduce expression of mutant proteins by breakdown of the targeted transcript, but also restore protein expression or modify proteins through interference with pre-mRNA splicing. There has been a recent revival of interest in the use of antisense oligonucleotides to treat several neurodegenerative disorders using different approaches to prevent disease onset or halt disease progression and the first clinical trials for spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis showing promising results. For these trials, intrathecal delivery is being used but direct infusion into the brain ventricles and several methods of passing the blood brain barrier after peripheral administration are also under investigation.
Regulation of differential processing of mouse immunoglobulin μ heavy-chain mRNA (1987)

The switch between the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted IgM during B cell differentiation is accomplished by producing, from a single gene, two alternative forms of mu heavy-chain mRNA that differ only in their 3' termini. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the first poly(A) site, for secreted mu mRNA, or spliced between the C4 and M1 exons, for membrane-bound mu mRNA, in a mutually exclusive manner. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the differential processing of mouse mu mRNA, we analyzed the expression of various mouse mu gene constructs stably transfected into mouse cell lines. In B cell lines, processing of the exogenously transfected mu gene transcripts accurately reflected the developmental stage of the recipient cells: both secreted and membrane-bound mu mRNAs are produced in early-stage B cells while secreted mu mRNA is primarily produced in late-stage B cells. In fibroblast cell lines, mu mRNAs transcribed from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR promoter were processed primarily to the secreted form. Thus, production of the secreted form seems to be the non-regulated processing pattern. When the splicing signal of the C4-M1 intron was mutagenized, polyadenylation at the first poly(A) site occurred efficiently regardless of the recipient cell lines. On the other hand, when the polyadenylation signal was mutagenized, the splicing occurred efficiently in early-stage B cells, but only weakly in late-stage B cells and fibroblast cells. These results suggest that the splicing of the C4-M1 intron is stimulated in early-stage B cells.
Pose estimation with radial distortion and unknown focal length (2009)

This paper presents a solution to the problem of pose estimation in the presence of heavy radial distortion and a potentially large number of outliers. The main contribution is an algorithm that solves for radial distortion, focal length and camera pose using a minimal set of four point correspondences between 3D world points and image points. We use a RANSAC loop to find a set of inliers and an initial estimate for bundle adjustment. Unlike previous approaches where one starts out by assuming a linear projection model, our minimal solver allows us to handle large radial distortions already at the RANSAC stage. We demonstrate that with the inclusion of radial distortion in an early stage of the process, a broader variety of cameras can be handled than was previously possible. In the experiments, no calibration whatsoever is applied to the camera. Instead we assume square pixels, zero skew and centered principal point. Although these assumptions are not strictly true, we show that good results are still obtained and by that conclude that the proposed method is applicable to uncalibrated photographs.
Studies on the Catalytic Conversion of Canola Oil to Hydrocarbons: Influence of Hybrid Catalysts and Steam (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Catalytic Conversion of Canola Oil to Hydrocarbons: Influence of Hybrid Catalysts and SteamSai P. R. Katikaneni, John D. Adjaye, and Narendra N. BakhshiCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 4, 599–609Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00052a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00052a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views438Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystalline Defects in Selectively Epitaxial Silicon Layers (1983)

Crystalline defects in selectively epitaxial silicon layers have been studied as a function of growth parameters, especially growth temperature and HCl flow rate injected in the SiH 2 Cl 2 –H 2 system, for (100)- and (111)-substrates. Defects, which were mostly pairs of stacking faults, were observed along the sidewall. The defect density in the epitaxial layer decreased with both increasing HCl flow rate and decreasing growth temperature. Electrical property of the epitaxial layer was also improved with decreasing growth temperature.
Inherited Pancreatic Cancer Syndromes (2012)

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging of all cancers. Genetic risk factors are believed to play a major role, but other than genes coding for blood group, genetic risks for sporadic cases remain elusive. However, several germline mutations have been identified that lead to hereditary pancreatic cancer, familial pancreatic cancer, and increased risk for pancreatic cancer as part of a familial cancer syndrome. The most important genes with variants increasing risk for pancreatic cancer include BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, CDKN2A, APC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, PRSS1, and STK11. Recognition of members of high-risk families is important for understanding pancreatic cancer biology, for recommending risk reduction strategies and, in some cases, initiating cancer surveillance programs. Because the best methods for surveillance have not been established, the recommendation to refer at-risk patients to centers with ongoing research programs in pancreatic cancer surveillance is supported.
Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Using Solid Sorbents: A Review (2011)

Post-combustion CO2 capture from the flue gas is one of the key technology options to reduce greenhouse gases, because this can be potentially retrofitted to the existing fleet of coal-fired power stations. Adsorption processes using solid sorbents capable of capturing CO2 from flue gas streams have shown many potential advantages, compared to other conventional CO2 capture using aqueous amine solvents. In view of this, in the past few years, several research groups have been involved in the development of new solid sorbents for CO2 capture from flue gas with superior performance and desired economics. A variety of promising sorbents such as activated carbonaceous materials, microporous/mesoporous silica or zeolites, carbonates, and polymeric resins loaded with or without nitrogen functionality for the removal of CO2 from the flue gas streams have been reviewed. Different methods of impregnating functional groups, including grafting techniques and modifying the support materials, have been discussed to enhance the performance of the sorbents. The performance characteristics of the solid sorbents are assessed in terms of various desired attributes, such as their equilibrium adsorption capacity, selectivity, regeneration, multicycle durability, and adsorption/desorption kinetics. The potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is also recognized to determine whether these novel materials provide better CO2 adsorption capacity under low CO2 partial pressure. A comprehensive critical review and analysis of the literature on this subject has been carried out to update the recent progress in this arena. A comparison of different solid sorbents at different stages is made. It also includes a brief review on techno-economic analysis and design aspects of sorbent bed contactor configuration. Finally, a few recommendations have been proposed for further research efforts to progress post-combustion carbon capture.
Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains (1988)

We detected large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia (macrophages), along with Lewy bodies and free melanin, in the substantia nigra of all cases studied with Parkinson's disease (5) and parkinsonism with dementia (PD) (5). We found similar, but less extensive, pathology in the substantia nigra of six of nine cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) but in only one of 11 age-matched nonneurologic cases. All dementia cases with a premortem diagnosis of DAT or PD showed large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia and significant plaque and tangle counts in the hippocampus, as well as reduced cortical choline acetyltransferase activity. One of 11 nondemented controls showed mild evidence of similar cortical pathology. These data indicate that HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia are a sensitive index of neuropathologic activity. They suggest a frequent coexistence of DAT- and Parkinson-type pathology in elderly patients.
High-sensitivity ferromagnetic resonance measurements on micrometer-sized samples (1997)

Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were taken on a 4 μm diam disk using a planar microwave transmission line device. The absorption modes of a sample placed on this device can be measured by monitoring the microwave power transmitted across the device while a swept magnetic field varies the sample absorption through resonance. Results for the disk, which was etched from a 105 nm thick amorphous Fe80B15Si5 film, followed the Kittel model over the frequency range from 2 to 20 GHz, in agreement with parameters measured on 5 mm diam disks by a microwave cavity. These results indicate the device has a sensitivity of 3×109⋅ΔH spins, almost two orders of magnitude better than microwave cavity measurements.
An integrated software maintenance environment: bridging configuration management and quality management (1988)

The authors explain an integrated support environment for software maintenance. The essential feature is bridging configuration management and quality management. The environment has been successfully applied to the development and maintenance of a family of switching systems for several years.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extracorporeal Circulation Without Bleeding (2014)

A newly created antibody to the active site of Factor XIIa protects against clotting of extracorporeal bypass circuitry without bleeding risk in vivo, obviating the need for heparin (Larsson et al., this issue).
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS (1931)

1. The p-amino and p-nitromonobenzyl ethers of the specific polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus have been prepared. 2. The diazonium ether of the specific polysaccharide has been coupled with serum globulin to yield a specific polysaccharide-protein complex and this complex has been used for immunization. The results of the immunological studies are presented in the following paper.
Synthesis of Biodegradable Cross-Linked Poly(β-amino ester) for Gene Delivery and Its Modification, Inducing Enhanced Transfection Efficiency and Stepwise Degradation (2005)

Biodegradable cross-linked poly(beta-amino ester) (CLPAE) was synthesized by Michael addition of pentaerythritol triacrylate and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine and modified with aminohexanoic acid and lysine to CLPAE-Ahx and CLPAE-Lys, respectively, for a gene delivery system. They could self-assemble with plasmid DNA, forming nanosized polyplexes, and CLPAE-Ahx polyplex released plasmid DNA slowly during a week through stepwise degradation. The polymers showed minimal cytotoxicity on 293 cells due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Transfection efficiencies of CLPAE-Ahx and CLPAE-Lys were comparable to that of PEI in 293 cells and C2C12 cells. Additionally, high transfection of CLPAE-Ahx on primary rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF) shows a potential for a gene delivery system on primary cells, restenosis treatment of human SMC, and MEF cell function research. In conclusion, CLPAE-Ahx could be used as a nontoxic and highly efficient gene delivery system.
Novel large-area MIS-type x-ray image sensor for digital radiography (1998)

We have developed a brand new, large-area X-ray image sensor for Digital Radiography System (DRS). The sensor utilizes a thin film transistor (TFT)/metal insulator semiconductor (MIS)-type photoelectric converter array made from hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The sensor has 2688 X 2688 pixels at a pitch of 160 micrometer. The active area is 17 inch X 17 inch. The sensor utilizes scintillator coupled to the array. The light generated by X-rays is detected by the MIS-type photoelectric converters, and the resultant signals are scanned out by switching the TFTs. The a-Si TFT/MIS-type photoelectric converter array is characterized by high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and simple fabrication process. We will describe the principle and the performance of the sensor. In addition, we will present some X-ray images of a human subject obtained with this sensor. Dynamic range of the sensor covers most of the exposure range for radiography. SNR is limited almost only by the X-ray photon noise. MTF is sufficient for digital chest radiography. X-ray images have good contrast. The experimental results and obtained images show that the brand new sensor has great advantages for replacing X-ray film. The simple fabrication process of the sensor promises high productivity and low cost of DRS.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline (2019)

Since the publication of the 2010 Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, there have been several advances in the diagnosis and management of the condition. Neonatal diagnosis methods have been refined to use gestational age in addition to birth weight for cut-point interpretation or to employ liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as a secondary screening test. The standard for confirming a diagnosis of CAH continues to be serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) concentrations, most often following cosyntropin stimulation. The advent of commercially available serum 21-deoxycortisol measurements may simplify identification of CAH carriers. New human and animal data convey further concerns regarding prenatal dexamethasone treatment. No international registry has yet been established for the long-term outcomes of individuals treated prenatally with dexamethasone. Although non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex is now commonly performed, prenatal CAH genotyping has been reported only in a proof-of-concept study and is not routinely available.
On the possible role of cytoskeletal filamentous networks in intracellular signaling: An approach based on percolation (1995)

ABSTRACT Signaling in multicellular organisms is a challenging problem, for it requires the understanding of processes at drastically varying scales, at molecular, cellular and multicellular levels. As an embryo develops it must coordinate cell division, cellular adhesion and migration, and ultimately form a properly functioning organism. Extracellular morphogens and direct cell-to-cell interactions are used to establish and redefine the pattern of the developmental process. The associated extracellular signals must be sensed by the cells and transmitted eventually to the nucleus to coordinate with internal signals to induce the appropriate changes in gene activities. The cell-to-cell or environment-to-cell communication requires intricate signal transduction mechanisms whose importance is clearly not restricted to development.
(4E)-Dehydrocitrals [(2E,4E)- and (2Z,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienals] from Acarid Mite Histiogaster sp. A096 (Acari: Acaridae) (2001)

A mixture of two monoterpenes was obtained as the opisthonotal gland secretion from unidentified Histiogaster sp. A096 (Acari: Acaridae), and their structures were elucidated to be (4E)-dehydrocitrals [(2E,4E)- and (2Z,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienals] by GC/MS, GC/FT-IR, UV and 1H-NMR spectra. Both isomers of (4E)-dehydrocitral prepared by syntheses in 4 steps from 3-methyl-2-butenal with 34.2% yields (based on the ylide) were separated by column chromatography into the (2E,4E)- and (2Z,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal. Mass spectra together with GC retention times of the purified natural (4E)-dehydrocitrals were identical with those of synthetic (2E,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal and (2Z,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal. The geometry at the 2-C position of both synthetic (4E)-dehydrocitrals was confirmed by NOESY analyses. This is the first identification of (4E)-dehydrocitrals from the animal kingdom.
Taking the Plunge (1995)

Most research on adolescent development focuses on specific problem behaviors, whereas few studies examine the avoidance of multiple forms of risk taking or the determinants of positive development. This article develops two measures designed to address this lack: (a) a "Missteps Scale" in which multiple forms of risk taking are assessed through the adolescent years, and (b) a "Positive Well-Being Index" that includes multiple measures of positive development, ranging from satisfaction with life to community involvement. Demographic, family, school, and neighborhood characteristics were included in multivariate models estimated on the National Survey of Children. Results indicate that youth who experience fewerfamily disruptions, who are closerwith theirparents, whose parents are better educated, and who hadfewerbehavior problems in elementary school were at lower risk of a misstep and enjoyed greater well-being, net of other variables; whereas children in high-poverty neighborhoods experienced lower well-being and highermisstep hazards. Black youth scored higheron the well-being scale because of their greater religiosity and concernfor correcting social inequalities.