gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient RNA Aptamer against Human Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin (2006)

Aptamers are known for their higher discriminating ability between closely related molecules and their requirement for only a small region for binding, as compared to an antibody. In the present studies, we have isolated a specific RNA aptamer against the influenza virus B/Johannesburg/05/1999 by an in vitro selection procedure. The aptamer bound efficiently to the HA of influenza B and required 5 mM MgCl(2) ion for its recognition. The aptamer not only distinguished HA derived from the influenza A virus, but also inhibited HA-mediated membrane fusion.
Magnetic properties of iron electro-deposited alumite films (1987)

Magnetic properties of alumite films, in which iron is electrolytically deposited, are investigated. The coercive force perpendicular to the film surface increases with the length of the needle-shaped iron particles until the particles reach a certain length, beyond which the coercive force remains constant. The coercive force perpendicular and parallel to the film surface are almost independent of cell diameter as long as the pore diameter is constant. The coercive force, however, was found to vary as a function of inclied angle. Angular dependence of hysteresis loss and remanent magnetization are both greatly influenced by the packing density of particles in films.
Injuries Causing Major Loss of Scalp (1985)

Long hair worn by both sexes in a majority of the rural population of Punjab (India) increases the hazard of descalping injuries. Forty-six cases seen over a period of 10 years are reported. Agricultural machinery accounted for 83 percent of these injuries. Males were most commonly involved (63 percent), and 48 percent of the patients were minors. Nearly all cases reported had at least half the scalp avulsed, 56.5 percent being total scalp avulsions, with bare bone exposed in 48 percent of the total. The method of chiseling the outer portion of the exposed bone down to bleeding points and immediately applying a split-thickness skin graft is presented as the procedure of choice for wound closure. This reduced the average hospitalization period by 49 percent as compared with older methods. Follow-up of 67 percent of patients has revealed a surprising instability of the grafted skin, with an ultimate danger of malignant degeneration.
Specific Interactions between the Human RAD51 and RAD52 Proteins (1996)

Processing of DNA damage by the DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells is accomplished by multiprotein complexes. However, the nature of these complexes and details of the molecular interactions are not fully understood. Interaction of the yeast RAD51 and RAD52 proteins plays a crucial role in yeast DNA homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. Here, specific interactions between human RAD51 and RAD52 proteins are demonstrated both in vivo, using the yeast two-hybrid system and immunoprecipitation of insect cells co-infected with RAD51 and RAD52 recombinant viruses, and in vitro, using affinity chromatography with purified recombinant proteins. These results suggest that RAD52 may modulate the catalytic activities of RAD51 protein such as homologous pairing and strand exchange through a direct physical interaction. In addition, the domain in RAD52 that mediates this interaction was determined in vitro and in vivo. The RAD51-interacting region (amino acids 291-330) of the human RAD52 protein shows no homology with the yeast RAD52 protein, indicating that the interaction between RAD51 and RAD52 is species-specific.
Sinc-sampled fiber Bragg gratings for identical multiple wavelength operation (1998)

Through a periodic sine modulation of the refractive index-profile in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), we demonstrate gratings with multiple equally spaced and identical wavelength channels. We show 10-cm-long gratings with 4, 8, and 16 identical uniform wavelength channels separated by the ITU spacing of 100 GHz and a 22.5-cm-long grating with four identical dispersion compensating channels with a 200-GHz separation designed to dispersion compensate 80-km data transmission through standard fiber at 1.55 μm.
The Prodomain of BMP-7 Targets the BMP-7 Complex to the Extracellular Matrix (2005)

Biochemical and biophysical methods are used to show that BMP-7 is secreted as a stable complex consisting of the processed growth factor dimer noncovalently associated with its two prodomain propeptide chains and that the BMP-7 complex is structurally similar to the small transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) complex. Because the prodomain of TGFbeta interacts with latent TGFbeta-binding proteins, a family of molecules homologous to the fibrillins, the prodomain of BMP-7 was tested for binding to fibrillin-1 or to LTBP-1. The BMP-7 prodomain and BMP-7 complex, but not the separated growth factor dimer, interact with N-terminal regions of fibrillin-1. This interaction may target the BMP-7 complex to fibrillin microfibrils in the extracellular matrix. Immunolocalization of BMP-7 in tissues like the kidney capsule and skin reveals co-localization with fibrillin. However, BMP-7 immunolocalization in other tissues known to be active sites for BMP-7 signaling is not apparent, suggesting that immunolocalization of BMP-7 in certain tissues represents specific extracellular storage sites. These studies suggest that the prodomains of TGFbeta-like growth factors are important for positioning and concentrating growth factors in the extracellular matrix. In addition, they raise the possibility that prodomains of other TGFbeta-like growth factors interact with fibrillins and/or LTBPs and are also targeted to the extracellular matrix.
Two-photon absorptivities of the all t r a n s α, ω-diphenylpolyenes from stilbene to diphenyloctatetraene via three wave mixing (1979)

Using the interference between the Raman resonances of the solvent and the two-photon absorption resonances of the solute in a three wave mixing experiment (CARS), we have extracted the absolute two-photon absorptivities at single energies for solution samples of the all -trans isomers of α, ω-diphenyl-ethylene, -butadiene, -hexatriene, and -octatetraene. Their absorptivities, for two identical linearly polarized photons in multiples of 10−50 cm4 sec photon−1 molecule−1 at the appropriate total energies (2?, cm−1), are as follows: stilbene, 12.1(0.9) at 38 873 cm−1, diphenylbutadiene, 14.4 (2.0) at 32 900 cm−1, diphenylhexatriene, 43.4 (4.0) at 32 900 cm−1, and diphenyloctatetraene, 61.0 (23.0) at 32 900 cm−1. Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations.
Direct Synthesis of Dispersed Nanocomposites by in Situ Living Free Radical Polymerization Using a Silicate-Anchored Initiator (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Synthesis of Dispersed Nanocomposites by in Situ Living Free Radical Polymerization Using a Silicate-Anchored InitiatorMarc W. Weimer, Hua Chen, Emmanuel P. Giannelis, and Dotsevi Y. SogahView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7, 1615–1616Publication Date (Web):February 9, 1999Publication History Received27 October 1998Published online9 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja983751yCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1478Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (65 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Living polymerization,Nanocomposites,Polymers,Silicon,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Retinal Structure of Birds of Prey Revealed by Ultra-High Resolution Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

Ultra-high resolution SD-OCT provides unprecedented high-quality 2-D and 3-D in vivo visualization of the retinal structures of birds of prey. SD-OCT is a powerful imaging tool for vision research in birds of prey.
A novel testosterone gel formulation normalizes androgen levels in hypogonadal men, with improvements in body composition and sexual function (2003)

OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of two doses of a new testosterone gel formulation (Testim™, Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norristown, PA, USA) to a permeation‐enhanced testosterone patch (Andropatch®, GlaxoSmithKline, UK) for treating men with confirmed low serum testosterone levels, and associated signs and symptoms of hypogonadism. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 208 men were randomized and treated at 29 centres in Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. The men were treated for 90 days, and the pharmacokinetics and treatment effectiveness of Testim at two doses (50 and 100 mg/day, delivering a daily dose of 5 and 10 mg testosterone, respectively) and Andropatch (2 × 2.5 mg patches, each delivering 2.5 mg testosterone and containing 12.2 mg of testosterone) were compared. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained, body composition measured, and mood and sexual function data recorded. RESULTS Testim produced dose‐dependent improvements in all pharmacokinetic variables compared with Andropatch. The mean increases from baseline to 90 days in testosterone were 12.41, 6.54 and 3.82 nmol/L for Testim 100 and 50 mg/day and the Andropatch, respectively. Both doses of Testim significantly improved positive and negative mood over baseline; Andropatch did not. All three treatments increased lean body mass, and the higher dose of Testim produced a significant decrease in percentage body fat. At all sample times both doses of Testim significantly improved sexual performance, sexual motivation, sexual desire and spontaneous erections. Andropatch provided insignificant improvements from baseline at all sample times for sexual desire, an inconsistent improvement in sexual motivation, but no effect on spontaneous erections. These results are similar to those previously reported for testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men, suggesting that normalization of serum testosterone restores sexual function. However, the present data suggest that higher serum testosterone levels may further improve sexual function. Gel treatment was well tolerated, while patch treatment produced higher rates of application‐site reactions and study discontinuation. CONCLUSION The favourable pharmacokinetic profile and treatment outcome, combined with the enhanced tolerability of Testim, suggest that this new gel formulation is a safe and effective treatment in men with low serum testosterone levels and associated signs and symptoms of hypogonadism.
Contribution of Endogenous Enkephalins to the Enhanced Analgesic Effects of Supraspinal μ Opioid Receptor Agonists after Inflammatory Injury (2001)

This study examined a mechanism responsible for the enhanced antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects of the mu opioid receptor agonist (ORA) [D-Ala(2), NMePhe(4), Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) microinjected in the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) of rats with inflammatory injury induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in one hindpaw. In rats injected with CFA 4 hr earlier, microinjection of the mu opioid receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) in the RVM antagonized both the marginal enhancement of the potency of DAMGO and its antinociceptive effect. The delta opioid receptor antagonist naltriben (NTB) was without effect. In rats injected with CFA 2 weeks earlier, CTAP antagonized the effects of DAMGO to a lesser extent. However, NTB completely prevented the enhancement of the potency of DAMGO, whereas it did not antagonize DAMGO's antinociceptive effects. Microinjection of NTB alone, but not CTAP in the RVM of CFA-treated rats, enhanced the hyperalgesia present in the ipsilateral hindpaw and induced hyperalgesia in the contralateral, uninjured hindpaw. These results suggest that persistent inflammatory injury increased the release in the RVM of opioid peptides with preferential affinity for the delta opioid receptor, which can interact in a synergistic or additive manner with an exogenously administered mu opioid receptor agonist. Indeed, the levels of [Met(5)]enkephalin and [Leu(5)]enkephalin were increased in the RVM and in other brainstem nuclei in CFA-treated rats. This increase most likely presents a compensatory neuronal response of the CNS of the injured animal to mitigate the full expression of inflammatory pain and to enhance the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of exogenously administered mu opioid receptor analgesics.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Comorbidity, Impact, and Help-Seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000 (2006)

A rare yet severe mental disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder is an atypical neurosis, of which the public health significance has been underestimated. Unmet need among individuals with pure obsessive-compulsive disorder is a cause for concern, requiring further investigation of barriers to care and interventions to encourage help-seeking.
Interleukin 12p40 is required for dendritic cell migration and T cell priming after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (2006)

Migration of dendritic cells (DCs) to the draining lymph node (DLN) is required for the activation of naive T cells. We show here that migration of DCs from the lung to the DLN after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure is defective in mice lacking interleukin (IL)-12p40. This defect compromises the ability of IL-12p40-deficient DCs to activate naive T cells in vivo; however, DCs that express IL-12p40 alone can activate naive T cells. Treatment of IL-12p40-deficient DCs with IL-12p40 homodimer (IL-12(p40)(2)) restores Mtb-induced DC migration and the ability of IL-12p40-deficient DCs to activate naive T cells. These data define a novel and fundamental role for IL-12p40 in the pathogen-induced activation of pulmonary DCs.
Antigen-specific human immunoglobulin production in SCID mice transplanted with human peripheral lymphocytes is dependent on CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells. (1994)

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, lacking mature T and B cells and virtually devoid of endogenous serum immunoglobulins, spontaneously produce large amounts of human immunoglobulin after transplantation with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Moreover, after immunization with antigen an active immune response resulting in a production of specific antibodies can be induced. Here we report that human T cells must be co-transplanted with B cells into the SCID mice for immunoglobulin production to occur. Resting human B cells could be activated to immunoglobulin production in the absence of human monocytes and a specific antibody response to tetanus toxoid (TT) could be induced, suggesting that the human B cells could present antigen to T cells in the SCID environment. Production of human immunoglobulins, as well as specific antibodies, was obtained only if CD4+ T cells of the memory phenotype, i.e. expressing CD45RO, were present. No human immunoglobulin, either of IgM or of IgG isotype, was found in SCID sera if mice were co-transplanted with human B cells and CD45RA expressing CD4+ T cells. However, FACS analysis revealed that the transplanted CD45RA+ cells became activated and differentiated towards CD45RO+ cells within 1-2 weeks. These cells also gained the lymphokine gene expression pattern associated with CD45RO+ cells, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and could support immunoglobulin production in SCID mice transplanted with fresh B cells. In fact, after differentiation of CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells towards expression of CD45RO, either in vivo in the SCID mouse or in vitro, these cells could interact with and activate human B cells to immunoglobulin production. Furthermore, in vitro activated and differentiated CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells from vaccinated donors were also able to support production of TT-specific antibodies provided the antigen was administered.
2010년 한국어교육 국제학술회의 : 다문화 시대의 문학과 대중문화 ; 개혁개방 이후 다문화시대 중국조선족문학에서의 정체성에 대한 모색 (2010)

150년의 역사를 갖고 있는 중국조선족사회는 농경문화의 바탕위에 형성된 이민공동체였다. 벼농사를 주축으로 하는 농경생활, 조선족마을, 그리고 조선족 마을들에 설립된 각급 조선족농촌학교들은 중국조선족사회의 정체성을 지탱해 주는 세 솥발과도 같은 존재였다. 1978년 개혁개방 이후 전반 중국사회가 산업화, 도시화에로 나아가고 세계화, 다문화 시대의 물결에 동참하게 되면서 중국조선족사회도 농경문화로부터 산업화, 도시화에로 나아가게 되었다. 특히 1992년의 중한수교를 계기로 하여 중국조선족사회는 본격적으로 세계화, 다문화시대에 들어서게 되었다. 그리하여 전통적인 중국조선족사회를 지탱하고 있었던 농경생활방식, 조선족마을, 조선족농촌학교들은 와해되고 해체되는 추세에 처해 있다. 본문은 중국조선족 사회의 이러한 구조적인 변화에 따른 중국조선문학에서의 정체성에 대한 모색을 고찰한 토대 위에서 21세기 다문화시대에 걸맞는 중국조선족문화와 및 문학의 정체성 확립을 위한 방향과 대안에 대해서도 다소 거론했다.
Molecular mapping of functional antibody binding sites of α4 (1995)

Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 is a leukocyte receptor for fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It is important in inflammatory recruitment of leukocytes, lymphopoiesis, and a number of development events. Here we have mapped a panel of functional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing the integrin alpha 4 chain, using murine/human chimeric constructs expressed in COS7 cells. We find that: 1) mAbs that induce homotypic aggregation (epitope A mAbs) map to the most N-terminal 100 amino acids of the human alpha 4 chain; 2) mAbs that block adhesion of alpha 4 beta 1 to VCAM-1 and fibronectin (epitope B mAbs) map to a 52-amino-acid region between residues 152 and 203 of human alpha 4; 3) epitope B mAbs that do or do not induce aggregation (epitope B2 and B1 mAbs, respectively) map to the same regions and are therefore indistinguishable by this analysis; 4) mAbs that neither induce homotypic aggregation nor block adhesion (epitope C mAbs) map to a distinct region of the molecule comprising amino acids 422-606. The N-terminal region of the alpha 4 chain identified by functional A and B epitope mAbs does not correspond to ligand binding sites identified in other alpha subunits, such as cation binding sites or the "I-domain," which alpha 4 lacks, and thus represents a novel site for epitope functionality among the integrins.
Formation of β-Glucosamine and β-Mannose Linkages Using Glycosyl Phosphates (2000)

[reaction: see text] Glycosyl phosphates were examined for their utility in the synthesis of challenging glycosidic linkages. beta-Glucosamine glycosides were formed preferentially and in good yield. beta-Mannosides were constructed in high overall yield with modest anomeric selectivity. Interesting solvent and conformational influences on the stereochemical outcome of the coupling reactions were observed.
Ultrathin parylene-C semipermeable membranes for biomedical applications (2011)

We report here an in-depth study of the permeability of ultrathin parylene-C (0.15∓0.80 μm thick) by measuring the diffusion coefficients of FITC-dextran molecules with different molecular weights (MW). As a validation, we have successfully demonstrated the application of the ultrathin semipermeable membranes in perfusion cancer cell culture. The results show that, with a combined biocompatibility and good permeability, ultrathin parylene-C can be a promising semipermeable membrane material for biomedical applications.
Molecular Insights into Aqueous NaCl Electrolytes Confined within Vertically-oriented Graphenes (2015)

Vertically-oriented graphenes (VGs) are promising active materials for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) due to their unique morphological and structural features. This study, for the first time, reports the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on aqueous NaCl electrolytes confined within VG channels with different surface charge densities and channel widths. Simulation results show that the accessibility of ions and the structure of EDLCs are determined by the ion type/size, surface charging, and VG channel width. For relatively narrow VG channels with the same width, the threshold charge density (to compensate the energy penalty for shedding hydration shell) and the dehydration rate of Cl(-) ions are larger than those of Na(+) ions. To achieve the highest ion concentration coefficient, the effective VG channel width should be between the crystal and hydration diameters of the ions. The results are further quantified and elucidated by calculating the electrolyte density profiles. The molecular insights obtained in the current work are useful in guiding the design and fabrication of VGs for advancing their EDLC applications.
beta2-glycoprotein-I (apolipoprotein H) and beta2-glycoprotein-I-phospholipid complex harbor a recognition site for the endocytic receptor megalin. (1998)

Screening of serum by using a surface plasmon resonance analysis assay identified beta2-glycoprotein-I/apolipoprotein H as a plasma component binding to the renal epithelial endocytic receptor megalin. A calcium-dependent megalin-mediated beta2-glycoprotein-I endocytosis was subsequently demonstrated by ligand blotting of rabbit renal cortex and uptake analysis in megalin-expressing cells. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic examination of kidneys and the presence of high concentrations of beta2-glycoprotein-I in urine of mice with disrupted megalin gene established that megalin is the renal clearance receptor for beta2-glycoprotein-I. A significant increase in functional affinity for purified megalin was observed when beta2-glycoprotein-I was bound to the acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin. The binding of beta2-glycoprotein-I and beta2-glycoprotein-I- phospholipid complexes to megalin was completely blocked by receptor-associated protein. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a novel receptor recognition feature of beta2-glycoprotein-I. In addition to explaining the high urinary excretion of beta2-glycoprotein-I in patients with renal tubule failure, the data provide molecular evidence for the suggested function of beta2-glycoprotein-I as a linking molecule mediating cellular recognition of phosphatidylserine-exposing particles.
A Lactosylated Steroid Contributes in Vivo Therapeutic Benefits in Experimental Models of Mouse Lymphoma and Human Glioblastoma (2006)

Various mono- and disaccharides were grafted onto a steroid backbone. Whereas in vitro these glycosylated steroids had no cytotoxic effects on six different human cancer cell lines, several of the glycosylated steroids under study did significantly modify the levels of in vitro migration of the human U373 glioblastoma, the A549 non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC), and the PC-3 prostate cancer cells, with more pronounced effects in the case of a monosubstituted beta-L-fucopyranosyl-steroid (19), a monosubstituted beta-D-isomaltosyl-steroid (22), and a monosubstituted beta-D-lactosyl-steroid (24). These three compounds significantly increased the survival of conventional mice grafted subcutaneously with the P388 lymphoma, a lymphoma that metastasizes toward the liver. In vivo, the monosubstituted beta-D-lactosyl-steroid (24) also increased the antitumor effectiveness of cisplatin, a cytotoxic pro-apoptotic drug, in the case of the P388 lymphoma model. This compound also increased the survival of immunodeficient mice into whose brains human U373 glioblastoma cells had been orthotopically grafted.