gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La France est-elle une grande puissance en 1945 ? (2000)

Certaines expressions usuelles engendrent facilement la perplexité lorsqu’on veut s’efforcer de creuser leur signification réelle. Qu’est-ce qu’une grande puissance ? En apparence, rien de plus simple que de parler en général de la puissance d’un État, mais il est beaucoup plus malaisé de déterminer les critères qui caractérisent les niveaux de puissance des États. Grande puissance, petite puissance, puissance moyenne sont des termes ambigus et trompeurs. Tout d’abord, un pays peut-il être dé...
The YTH Domain Is a Novel RNA Binding Domain (2010)

The YTH (YT521-B homology) domain was identified by sequence comparison and is found in 174 different proteins expressed in eukaryotes. It is characterized by 14 invariant residues within an alpha-helix/beta-sheet structure. Here we show that the YTH domain is a novel RNA binding domain that binds to a short, degenerated, single-stranded RNA sequence motif. The presence of the binding motif in alternative exons is necessary for YT521-B to directly influence splice site selection in vivo. Array analyses demonstrate that YT521-B predominantly regulates vertebrate-specific exons. An NMR titration experiment identified the binding surface for single-stranded RNA on the YTH domain. Structural analyses indicate that the YTH domain is related to the pseudouridine synthase and archaeosine transglycosylase (PUA) domain. Our data show that the YTH domain conveys RNA binding ability to a new class of proteins that are found in all eukaryotic organisms.
MITRE TDT-2000 Segmentation System (2000)

For the 2000 DARPA&amp;apos;s Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) exercise, MITRE participated for the first time in the story segmentation track. During our evaluation and development effort, we created a simple nave bayes classifier for segmentation. The classifier used five inputs, three new lexical cue detections and two new audio cue detections. This paper will discuss the classifier, the detection modules, the results and future work. Although our results were not as good as we had expected, we now have a better understanding of the participation effort and a starting point for next year&amp;apos;s participation.
Genetic diversity of flagellins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1996)

Physical genome analysis of the virulence-associated fliC locus in 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains by mapping and sequencing revealed groups of heterologous a-type (1164 bp; 1185 bp) and highly conserved b-type (1467 bp) flagellin genes. Whereas only two synonymous nucleotide substitutions were detected in eight b-type fliC sequences, the 12 a-type sequences exhibited 57 nucleotide substitutions, of which 39 occurred within a variable central region. Although a-type and b-type flagellins differ by 35% in their primary structure, they share strong homology in their predicted features, implying that the polymorphic proteins fold into similar structures during polymerization of the flagella.
Ménétrier’s Disease: Its Mimickers and Pathogenesis (2015)

Ménétrier's disease is a rare protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy. Histologically, it can be mistaken for other disorders showing hypertrophic gastropathy. The pathogenesis of Ménétrier's disease is not fully understood; however, it appears that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, transforming growth factor alpha, contributes to the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this review, we will discuss disease entities that can mimic Ménétrier's disease and the role of EGFR signaling in Ménétrier's disease.
<title>Prospect of relieving pain due to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment utilizing a Ga-Al-As diode laser</title> (1995)

The effects of low-power laser irradiation on prostaglandin (PG)E<SUB>2</SUB> and interleukin(IL)-1(beta) production in stretched human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were assessed in vitro. PDL cells derived from healthy premolars were utilized for these experiments. Cells were seeded in flexible-bottom culture plates and elongated (18% increase) under a vacuum at 6 cycles per minute for 1 to 5 days. The stretched cells were irradiated with a Ga-Al-As low-power diode laser (60 mW) once a day for 3 to 10 minutes for 1 to 5 days. PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and IL-1(beta) levels in the medium were measured by radio immunoassay. Human PDL cells showed a marked elevation in PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and IL-1(beta) production in response to mechanical stretching. The increase in PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production was significantly inhibited by laser irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in IL-1(beta) production was also inhibited by laser irradiation, although the inhibition was only partial under this irradiation condition. Since high levels of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and IL-1(beta) are found in the PDL when teeth are moved during orthodontic treatment and since both factors are involved with the induction of pain, the inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and IL-1(beta) production suggest that laser irradiation may have therapeutic benefits in relieving the pain that accompanies orthodontic treatment.
Quantitative Effects of Trunk and Head Position on the Apnea Hypopnea Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2011)

The results of this study confirm our hypothesis that the occurrence of OSA may also be dependent on the position of the head. Therefore in patients with a suspicion of position-dependent OSA, sleep recording with dual position sensors placed on both trunk and head should be considered.
Intracellular Accumulation of Trehalose Protects Lactococcus lactis from Freeze-Drying Damage and Bile Toxicity and Increases Gastric Acid Resistance (2006)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Intragastric administration of Lactococcus lactis genetically modified to secrete IL-10 in situ in the intestine was shown to be effective in healing and preventing chronic colitis in mice. However, its use in humans is hindered by the sensitivity of L. lactis to freeze-drying and its poor survival in the gastrointestinal tract. We expressed the trehalose synthesizing genes from Escherichia coli under control of the nisin-inducible promoter in L. lactis. Induced cells accumulated intracellular trehalose and retained nearly 100% viability after freeze-drying, together with a markedly prolonged shelf life. Remarkably, cells producing trehalose were resistant to bile, and their viability in human gastric juice was enhanced. None of these effects were seen with exogenously added trehalose. Trehalose accumulation did not interfere with IL-10 secretion or with therapeutic efficacy in murine colitis. The newly acquired properties should enable a larger proportion of the administered bacteria to reach the gastrointestinal tract in a bioactive form, providing a means for more effective mucosal delivery of therapeutics.
Cybernetics, Artificial Neural Networks & Medicine (1995)

“Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can, in principle, be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.” — Organizers of the Dartmouth Conference, 1956
Plasma Insulin Response to Oral and Intravenous Glucose Administration1 (1964)

This paper describes a new method for evaluating glucose metabolism in man using an oral glucose load. The procedure permits the calculation of a blood glucose disappearance rate constant (K) and thereby makes it possible to compare quantitatively the response to oral and intravenous glucose administration in a given individual. Ten metabolically normal adult humans were studied under carefully controlled conditions. Each received similar amounts (20 g) of glucose both orally and intravenously (2–7 days apart) by constant infusion for 1 hr. The effects on blood glucose disappearance rate constants (K) and plasma insulin concentrations (immunoassay) during and for 1 hr following the infusion were compared. Blood glucose concentrations and K values with the 2 routes of glucose administration were similar. In contrast, plasma insulin responses showed a significant difference: oral glucose resulted in a significant and sustained rise, whereas intravenous glucose was associated with a smaller and transient inc...
Pharmacologic Inhibition of RORγt Regulates Th17 Signature Gene Expression and Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation In Vivo (2014)

IL-17-producing CD4(+)Th17 cells, CD8(+)Tc17 cells, and γδ T cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune psoriasis. RORγt is required for the differentiation of Th17 cells and expression of IL-17. In this article, we describe a novel, potent, and selective RORγt inverse agonist (TMP778), and its inactive diastereomer (TMP776). This chemistry, for the first time to our knowledge, provides a unique and powerful set of tools to probe RORγt-dependent functions. TMP778, but not TMP776, blocked human Th17 and Tc17 cell differentiation and also acutely modulated IL-17A production and inflammatory Th17-signature gene expression (Il17a, Il17f, Il22, Il26, Ccr6, and Il23) in mature human Th17 effector/memory T cells. In addition, TMP778, but not TMP776, inhibited IL-17A production in both human and mouse γδ T cells. IL-23-induced IL-17A production was also blocked by TMP778 treatment. In vivo targeting of RORγt in mice via TMP778 administration reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like cutaneous inflammation. Further, TMP778 selectively regulated Th17-signature gene expression in mononuclear cells isolated from both the blood and affected skin of psoriasis patients. In summary, to our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that RORγt inverse agonists: 1) inhibit Tc17 cell differentiation, as well as IL-17 production by γδ T cells and CD8(+) Tc17 cells; 2) block imiquimod-induced cutaneous inflammation; 3) inhibit Th17 signature gene expression by cells isolated from psoriatic patient samples; and 4) block IL-23-induced IL-17A expression. Thus, RORγt is a tractable drug target for the treatment of cutaneous inflammatory disorders, which may afford additional therapeutic benefit over existing modalities that target only IL-17A.
Fluorescence diagnostics ofHelicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa: Establishing technique and validity (2007)

Fluorescence-based identification of areas of H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa using 405 nm excitation combined with ALA treatment is feasible and, using a ratio of 535 nm:405 nm-excited fluorescence, it is possible to distinguish H. pylori status and the different areas of the stomach even without ALA.
Charge Exchange between Gaseous Ions and Atoms (1962)

A calculation of symmetric resonant charge exchange cross sections has been made for a selection of atoms in the velocity range where the impact parameter method is applicable. Cross sections for other atoms can be estimated by interpolating in terms of their ionization potentials. The results are in fair agreement with experiment. A similar calculation has been attempted for asymmetric nonresonant charge exchange processes. The approximations used are more restrictive in this calculation, the calculations being only semiquantitative in nature. The cross section of an asymmetric charge exchange process is determined in terms of the ΔE of the reaction and the ``average'' ionization potential of the two atoms. The results are qualitatively in agreement with experiment. A very brief discussion of approaches for extrapolating data to lower velocities, where the rectilinear orbit impact parameter method is not applicable, is given.
Open Service Gateway architecture overview (2003)

This paper provides an overview of the architecture and specifications defined by the Open Service Gateway Initiative. Gateways are frequently needed to bridge between an internal "embedded control" industry environment and a broader networked environment, such as the Internet. The first section presents a brief overview of the OSGi. Next we present ServiceSpace, a small and efficient framework for writing network extensible applications. Using that framework, an application is defined as a set of components that can be deployed and managed independently of one another. The next section describes the set of components that the Open Service Gateway initiative requires as mandatory parts of a compliant residential gateway. These components provide support for network access (both as a client and a server), device management, and other utilities. The last section focuses on a simple example that makes use of both ServiceSpace and some of the required components.
A NF-?B p65 subunit is indispensable for activating manganese superoxide: Dismutase gene transcription mediated by tumor necrosis factor-? (2000)

Expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recently, a TNF-responsive element (TNFRE) was identified within the second intron of the murine Mn-SOD gene. The 5' CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-related region within the TNFRE was responsive to TNF, whereas the 3' NF-kappaB-related region alone was not. This report describes the minimal promoter region of the Mn-SOD gene and investigates the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors responsible for TNF-alpha-induced Mn-SOD gene expression. Reporter plasmid transfection studies demonstrated that inducible transcription factors enhanced the transcriptional activity of the Mn-SOD gene through the intronic enhancer region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that after TNF-alpha stimulation, p50 and p65 NF-kappaB subunits bound specifically to the newly identified NF-kappaB transcription factor-binding site, distinct from the previously described NF-kappaB site, within the intronic enhancer region. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis and cotransfection studies demonstrated that the NF-kappaB p65 subunit enhanced the transcriptional activity of the Mn-SOD gene through the newly identified NF-kappaB site. These results show that a NF-kappaB p65 subunit is mainly involved in the molecular mechanisms controlling TNF-alpha-mediated Mn-SOD gene transcription.
Ribozymes as Anti-HIV-1 Therapeutic Agents: Principles, Applications, and Problems (1992)

An emerging strategy in the treatment of viral infections is the use of antisense DNA or RNA to pair with, and block expression of viral transcripts. RNA, in addition to being an informational molecule, can also possess enzymatic activity. Thus, by combining anti-sense and enzymatic functions into a single transcript, it is now possible to design catalytic RNAs, or ribozymes, which can specifically pair with virtually any viral RNA, and cleave the phosphodiester backbone at a specified location, thereby functionally inactivating the viral RNA. In carrying out this cleavage, the ribozyme is not itself altered, and is thus capable of recycling and cleaving other molecules, making it a true enzyme. There are several different catalytic motifs which possess enzymatic activity, and each one of these can be incorporated into an enzymatic antisense with site-specific cleavage capabilities. By focusing on one type of catalytic motif, the hammerhead, we describe the principles behind the development of ribozymes as transacting, site-specific ribonucleases, several applications of ribozymes in functional destruction of target RNAs, as well as several of the problems confronting their use. We also describe a liposome delivery system which facilitates intracellular inclusion of ribozymes, and may provide a means for therapeutic delivery of ribozymes to HIV-1 infected cells.
Structured retrieval for question answering (2007)

Bag-of-words retrieval is popular among Question Answering (QA) system developers, but it does not support constraint checking and ranking on the linguistic and semantic information of interest to the QA system. We present anapproach to retrieval for QA, applying structured retrieval techniques to the types of text annotations that QA systems use. We demonstrate that the structured approach can retrieve more relevant results, more highly ranked, compared with bag-of-words, on a sentence retrieval task. We also characterize the extent to which structured retrieval effectiveness depends on the quality of the annotations.
Expression of p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with the presence of IgG and IgA p53 autoantibodies in sera and saliva of the patients (2000)

Around 50% of head and neck cancers are known to have aberrations of the p53 gene. Overexpression of the mutant p53 protein can induce a specific humoral response in cancer patients. Matched saliva, serum, and tissue samples from 26 patients with histologically confirmed oral squamous and verrucous carcinoma were investigated. p53 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and antibodies specific for 53 protein were analysed in sera and whole mouth saliva by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and competition assays; 16/25 (64%) samples demonstrated the stabilized p53 protein in tissues and 7/26 (27%) had a high level of p53 antibody in serum. In samples where matching saliva was available, p53 antibody was also present in saliva. In some tumours, only IgA-type p53 antibody was detected. p53 antibodies were found only in the serum and saliva of patients who showed p53 overexpression in their tumour tissues. These results demonstrate that detection of p53 antibodies can offer a specific and non-invasive method for the detection of a subset of tumours with p53 aberrations.
The effect of cardiac hypertrophy on the coronary collateral circulation. (1985)

We have previously shown that dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy have larger infarcts (per risk area size) than do control animals. A potential explanation for this is that collateral resistance is higher in these dogs. Paradoxically, previous postmortem studies in human hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy have suggested that coronary collaterals are actually increased in this condition. To test the hypothesis that left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with alterations in coronary collateral resistance, studies were performed in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in patients with aortic valvular disease at the time of cardiac surgery. With an isolated, adenosine-vasodilated, blood-perfused cardiac preparation, collateral and normal zone pressure-flow relationships were established by means of radioactive microspheres in nine dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and in 17 controls. Collateral resistance calculated from these pressure-flow relationships were similar in both groups (4.0 +/- 0.7 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g in controls). In addition, normal zone resistance was not different between groups (transmural resistances 0.17 +/- 0.01 in controls and 0.18 +/- 0.02 in dogs with renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. In five patients with aortic valve disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries and in six patients without left ventricular hypertrophy who had normal left anterior descending coronary arteries, a 7 MHz suction-mounted echo transducer was used to monitor systolic wall thickening during transient occlusions of the left anterior descending artery at the time of cardiac surgery. Because noncollateralized myocardium ceases to contract promptly after coronary occlusion, this approach provides an indirect index of collateral perfusion. Twenty seconds after the onset of coronary occlusion, systolic thickening had markedly decreased in both groups (15 +/- 10% of control values in nonhypertrophied hearts and 10 +/- 10% in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy; p = NS between groups). Thus the severity of contraction abnormality induced during transient coronary occlusion in these two groups of patients was similar, suggesting that the degree of severity of ischemia was comparable between the two groups. We conclude that collateral resistance is not altered by hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and that left ventricular hypertrophy in patients is not associated with functional evidence of an enhanced collateral circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Palladium-Catalyzed C−C Coupling under Thermomorphic Conditions (2000)

Liquid−liquid biphasic systems that exhibit an increase in phase miscibility at elevated temperature together with soluble polymer-bound catalysts that have a strong phase preference at ambient temperature are described. In such systems, product isolation and catalyst recovery are effected by a liquid/liquid separation. This report describes the use of such thermomorphic catalyst recovery systems for palladium-catalyzed carbon−carbon bond forming reactions. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-bound phosphine ligands with a Pd(0) catalyst used previously in allylic substitution chemistry are efficient catalysts in Heck, Suzuki, and sp−sp2 cross-coupling reactions. Air-stable tridentate SCS-Pd(II) catalysts bound to PNIPAM or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are also described. A particular advantage of these SCS catalysts is that no precautions against adventitious catalyst oxidation need be taken with the polymer-bound SCS-PdCl catalysts, thus avoiding time-consuming solvent purification and degassing protocols.
Analogs of 6-methyl-9.beta.-D-ribofuranosylpurine (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of 6-methyl-9.beta.-D-ribofuranosylpurineJohn A. Montgomery and Kathleen HewsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 1, 48–52Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00307a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00307a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Efficacies of Soft Contact Lens Disinfectant Solutions Against Microbial Films in Lens Cases (1991)

Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans, established in the wells of a polyethylene contact lens case, retained viability to certain soft contact lens disinfectant solutions after exposure for the manufacturer's minimum recommended disinfection times. The relative order of resistance of bacterial biofilms was as follows: S marcescens was greater than P aeruginosa, which was greater than S epidermidis, which was greater than S pyogenes. Air drying of biofilms for 10 hours increased the efficacy of the disinfectant solutions, but drying was not enough to decrease the incidence of recovery to 0% for all solutions. Hydrogen peroxide was more effective against biofilms than disinfectant solutions formulated with chlorhexidine gluconate or polyquaternium-1 or polyaminopropyl biguanide. We recommend that determination of efficacy of contact lens disinfectant solutions should include challenges against biofilms.