gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inherited polymorphism of the human T-cell antigen receptor detected by a monoclonal antibody. (1986)

Three different murine monoclonal antibodies to the human clonotypic T-cell antigen receptor immunoprecipitate the alpha-beta chain heterodimer; induce comodulation of the clonotypic molecule with the T3 molecular complex; stain small populations of normal polyclonal T cells, suggesting that they react with variable or joining region determinants of the clonotypic receptor; and induce proliferation of resting T cells. While two of these antibodies detect the clonotypic receptor in all individuals studied, the third antibody (OT145), described herein, does not detect the T-cell antigen receptor on T cells of all individuals. By indirect immunofluorescence, three groups can be distinguished within a population of individuals (n = 138) by OT145. Individuals lacking T cells reactive with OT145 have a homozygous OT145-phenotype. T cells from such individuals fail to proliferate in the presence of OT145 in contrast to T cells from OT145+ individuals. Individuals with a relatively large percentage of OT145+ T cells, 4.5 +/- 1.54% (mean +/- 2 SEM) are homozygous OT145+, while those with an intermediate percentage, 2.04 +/- 0.9%, have a heterozygous phenotype. Family studies suggest autosomal codominant inheritance of the OT145 phenotype. The distribution of the three OT145-defined phenotypes varies considerably in populations of different ethnic background. Taken together these data suggest that the polymorphism detected by OT145 may represent a variable or joining region allotypic system of the human T-cell antigen receptor. In addition, our results indicate that allelic exclusion governs the expression of the clonotypic receptor by human T cells.
Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity. (1984)

This clearly written , mathematically rigorous text includes a novel algorithmic exposition of the simplex method and also discusses the Soviet ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming; efficient algorithms for network flow, matching, spanning trees, and matroids; the theory of NP-complete problems; approximation algorithms, local search heuristics for NPcomplete problems, more. All chapters are supplemented by thoughtprovoking problems. A useful work for graduate-level students with backgrounds in computer science, operations research, and electrical engineering. Mathematicians wishing a self-contained introduction need look no further.—American Mathematical Monthly. 1982 ed.
Wavelet Analysis of Vibration: Part 2—Wavelet Maps (1994)

Wavelet maps provide a graphical picture of the frequency composition of a vibration signal. This paper, which is Part 2 of a pair, describes their construction and properties. In the case of harmonic wavelets, there are close similarities between wavelet maps and sonograms. A range of practical examples illustrate how the wavelet method may be applied to vibration analysis and some of its advantages.
A modeling method of a high impedance fault in a distribution system using two series time-varying resistances in EMTP (2001)

More reliable algorithms for detecting a high impedance fault (HIF) require the voltage and current data at a relaying point instead of a faulted branch when HIF occurs. Thus, an accurate modeling method of HIF is essential for the development of a reliable detecting algorithm. The data should contain the complex characteristics of HIF such as buildup and shoulder as well as nonlinearity and asymmetry. This paper presents a modeling method of the above-mentioned HIF characteristics. Among the experiment data on a 22.9 (kV) distribution system conducted by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), experiment data showing all the above characteristics is chosen in this paper. Two series time-varying resistances (TVRs) controlled by transient analysis of control systems (TACS) in EMTP are employed for modeling. One TVR is used for nonlinearity and asymmetry from the voltage-current characteristic for one cycle in the steady state after HIF, and then the other TVR for buildup and shoulder from the waveforms in the transient state after HIF. The comparison of the modeling results with the experiment data shows close correspondence. With the developed HIF model, the voltage and current at the relaying point are obtained with various load condition and fault condition such as fault distance and inception angle.
Iterative decoding and despreading improves CDMA-systems using M-ary orthogonal modulation and FEC (2002)

Iterative decoding is applied to code division multiple access (CDMA) systems with two-stage serial concatenated channel coding. For a direct sequence (DS) CDMA system like in the uplink of the standard IS-95(A) using M-ary orthogonal modulation (inner code) and an outer convolutional code with interleaving we give the optimum symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding rules for the inner block code in a coherent and noncoherent receiver design. Further suggestions for suboptimum MAP decoders with lower complexity are made. The inner decoding rule is extended to use a priori information for the systematic bits, which is delivered from the outer decoding stage. These algorithms are essential for iterative decoding of the system. Simulation results show a decoding gain of about 0.6 dB for a bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -3/ by replacing the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder for the inner code by a MAP decoder. A total gain of about 1.2 dB is achieved by the use of iterative decoding after only three to five iterations.
Site-directed mutagenesis at the active site Trpl20 of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (1989)

Trp120 of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase has previously been shown by chemical modification to be essential for activity and tentatively to be located near subsite 4 of the active site. To further test its role, restriction sites were inserted in the cloned A.awamori gene around the Trp120 coding region, and cassette mutagenesis was used to replace it with His, Leu, Phe and Tyr. All four mutants displayed 2% or less of the maximal activity (kcat) of wild-type glucoamylase towards maltose and maltoheptaose. Michaelis constants (KM) of mutants decreased 2- to 3-fold for maltose and were essentially unchanged for maltoheptaose compared with the wild type, except for a greater than 3-fold decrease for maltoheptaose with the Trp120----Tyr mutant. This mutant also bound isomaltose more strongly and had more selectivity for its hydrolysis than wild-type glucoamylase. A subsite map generated from malto-oligosaccharide substrates having 2-7 D-glucosyl residues indicated that subsites 1 and 2 had greater affinity for D-glucosyl residues in the Trp120----Tyr mutant than in wild-type glucoamylase. These results suggest that Trp120 from a distant subsite is crucial for the stabilization of the transition-state complex in subsites 1 and 2.
Riboflavin synthesis genes are linked with the lux operon of Photobacterium phosphoreum (1994)

Four genes immediately downstream of luxG in the Photobacterium phosphoreum lux operon (ribEBHA) have been sequenced and shown to be involved in riboflavin synthesis. Sequence analyses and complementation of Escherichia coli riboflavin auxotrophs showed that the gene products of ribB and ribA are 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate (DHBP) synthetase and GTP cyclohydrolase II, respectively. By expression of P. phosphoreum ribE in E. coli using the bacteriophage T7 promoter-RNA polymerase system, ribE was shown to code for riboflavin synthetase, which catalyzes the conversion of lumazine to riboflavin. Increased thermal stability of RibE on expression with RibH indicated that ribH coded for lumazine synthetase. The organization of the rib genes in P. phosphoreum is quite distinct, with ribB and ribA being linked but separated by ribH, whereas in E. coli, they are unlinked and in Bacillus subtilis, RibB and RibA functions are coded by a single gene.
Hepatic production of erythropoietin in a phenylhydrazine-induced compensated hemolytic state in the rat. (1983)

The relative roles of the kidney and liver as a source of Ep in a fully compensated hemolytic state were investigated. A compensated hemolytic anemia was induced in rats by injections of PHZ over a 6-week period. Verification of a fully compensated hemolytic state was established by MCV, MCH, MCHC, BV, PV, CRCV, peripheral reticulocyte counts, and bone marrow counts. The kidneys and livers of the PHZ-injected rats were subjected to concurrent perfusion at weekly intervals over the treatment period and the perfusate assayed for Ep activity. The kidney was found to be the principal source of Ep during the earlier stages of the anemia and the liver became increasingly important as a source of Ep during the later stages as the anemia became progressively compensated. By the fifth and sixth weeks of treatment, when the anemia was fully compensated, the livers of the PHZ-treated rats were the principal source of Ep. During these last 2 weeks of treatment, the amount of Ep recovered from the renal effluents of PHZ-injected rats was no greater than that collected from the renal effluents of saline-injected rats. The data indicate that the liver is the primary, if not the only, source of the higher titers of Ep in the fully compensated hemolytic state induced in the rat by long-term PHZ treatment.
Band-to-Band Tunneling in Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (2004)

A detailed study on the mechanism of band-to-band tunneling in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) is presented. Through a dual-gated CNFET structure tunneling currents from the valence into the conduction band and vice versa can be enabled or disabled by changing the gate potential. Different from a conventional device where the Fermi distribution ultimately limits the gate voltage range for switching the device on or off, current flow is controlled here by the valence and conduction band edges in a bandpass-filter-like arrangement. We discuss how the structure of the nanotube is the key enabler of this particular one-dimensional tunneling effect.
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Structurally Related to L-694,746 (1998)

A series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors, which are analogues of N-[2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)- indanyl]-5(S)-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-4(S)-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2-(R) - [[4-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl]methyl]hexanamide (L-694,746), a metabolite of the anti-HIV agent L-689,502, were synthesized. In these compounds, the acetic group linked to the para position of the P1' phenyl in the reference inhibitor was replaced either by the bioisosteric phosphonomethoxy group and its diisopropyl/dibenzyl derivatives, or the 1H-tetrazol-5-yl-methoxy group and its 1-benzyl derivative. In enzyme assays, phosphonomethoxy and tetrazolmethoxy analogues proved to be potent inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease, with IC50 values as low as 0.04 nM. When tested for anti-HIV-1 activity in cell-based assays, most of the new derivatives proved active, with benzyl derivatives being more active than their highly polar, unsubstituted counterparts. The dibenzylphosphonomethoxy analogue was the most active compound, with an EC50 value of 10 nM and a selectivity index of 20,000. When compounds were examined for their capability to reduce p24 levels in both acutely and chronically infected MT-4 and H9/IIIB cells, all of them were found to be active at concentrations close to those capable of preventing HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect.
Spontaneous and induced leukemias of myeloid origin in recombinant inbred BXH mice (1984)

BXH-2 recombinant inbred (RI) mice produce high titers of B-ecotropic murine leukemia virus beginning early in life and have a high incidence of non-T-cell leukemias that occur before 1 year of age. The leukemias that develop are in some cases associated with hind limb paralysis. In addition, a dualtropic mink cell focus-forming virus has been isolated from leukemic cells of BXH-2 mice. Immunological and cytochemical characterization of the BXH-2 leukemias showed that they are of the myeloid lineage. To assess the oncogenicity of the BXH-2 viruses, newborn mice of several BXH RI strains were inoculated at birth with biologically cloned B-ecotropic or mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia virus. These studies demonstrated that the B-ecotropic virus can induce myeloid leukemias in other BXH RI strains, whereas the dualtropic mink cell focus-forming isolates were nononcogenic in the strains tested. DNA-DNA reassociation analysis indicated that the organotropism of the B-ecotropic murine leukemia virus is confined to lymphoid tissues. Southern analysis of tumor DNAs showed that there was amplification of ecotropic virus-specific sequences in BXH-2 myeloid tumors and in all leukemias induced in other BXH RI strains by inoculation of the BXH-2 B-ecotropic virus. Although B-ecotropic virus is expressed in central nervous tissues of paralyzed BXH-2 mice, we were unable to induce the disorder in several BXH RI strains inoculated intracranially at birth with either the B-ecotropic or dualtropic virus. These results suggest that the paralysis that occurs in BXH-2 mice is due to the infiltration of leukemic cells into the central nervous system.
In Vivo Activation of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway by an Engineered Cyclotide (2013)

The overexpression of Hdm2 and HdmX is a common mechanism used by many tumor cells to inactive the p53 tumor suppressor pathway promoting cell survival. Targeting Hdm2 and HdmX has emerged as a validated therapeutic strategy for treating cancers with wild-type p53. Small linear peptides mimicking the N-terminal fragment of p53 have been shown to be potent Hdm2/HdmX antagonists. The potential therapeutic use of these peptides, however, is limited by their poor stability and bioavailability. Here, we report the engineering of the cyclotide MCoTI-I to efficiently antagonize intracellular p53 degradation. The resulting cyclotide MCo-PMI was able to bind with low nanomolar affinity to both Hdm2 and HdmX, showed high stability in human serum, and was cytotoxic to wild-type p53 cancer cell lines by activating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway both in vitro and in vivo. These features make the cyclotide MCoTI-I an optimal scaffold for targeting intracellular protein-protein interactions.
Soluble P-Selectin Is Released Into the Coronary Circulation After Coronary Spasm (1995)

Our data indicate that soluble P-selectin is released into the coronary circulation after coronary artery spasm. We conclude that coronary artery spasm may induce the leukocyte adhesion in the coronary circulation and may lead to myocardial damage.
Efficacy of Acupuncture for Bell's Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2015)

Acupuncture has emerged as an alternative therapy for Bell’s palsy in both adults and children. However, the use of acupuncture is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of acupuncture for Bell’s palsy. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, irrespective of any language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture with other therapies for Bell’s palsy in adults or children were included. Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1541 individuals were included in this metaanalysis. Significant association was observed in acupuncture with a higher effective response rate for Bell’s palsy (relative risk, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04e1.25; P Z 0.005) but there was a heterogeneity among the studies (I2 Z 87%). An assessment of the included studies revealed a high risk of bias in methodological quality. An evaluation of the incidence of complications was not available, owing to incomplete data. Acupuncture seems to be an effective therapy for Bell’s palsy, but there was insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and safety of acupuncture. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, because of the poor quality and heterogeneity of the included studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2015.07.005 (2) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 14, Issue 1, Article Number 324 Pain and Sensory Detection Threshold Response to Acupuncture Is Modulated by Coping Strategy and Acupuncture Sensation Jeungchan Lee, Vitaly Napadow, Kyungmo Park* *Corresponding Author’s Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. saenim@khu.ac.kr. Abstract Background: Acupuncture has been shown to reduce pain, and acupuncture-induced sensation may be important for this analgesia. In addition, cognitive coping strategies can influence sensory perception. However, the role of coping strategy on acupuncture modulation of pain and sensory thresholds, and the association between acupuncture sensation and these modulatory effects, is currently unknown. pISSN 2005-2901 eISSN 2093-8152
Influence of <i>ALA54THR</i> Polymorphism of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 on Lifestyle Modification Response in Obese Subjects (2006)

Weight loss is associated with different changes, depending on the FABP2 genotype. Carriers of the Thr54 allele have a different response than wild-type obese subjects, with a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure and glucose levels in Thr54 carriers and a significant decrease in fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin in wild-type patients.
Quantitative analysis of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in malignant glioma (2006)

Promoter hypermethylation of the DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) has been associated with an enhanced response to chloroethylating and methylating agents in patients with malignant glioma. The purpose of this study was to compare three distinct yet related indices for measuring AGT to determine if these assays could be used interchangeably when AGT status is to be used to guide chemotherapeutic decisions. Real-time methylation-specific PCR (MSP), assessed as the ratio of methylated AGT copies to internal beta-actin control, was used to quantitate AGT hypermethylation in 32 glioma samples. Data were compared with AGT enzyme activity as well as immunohistochemical detection of AGT protein from the same samples. Hypermethylation of the AGT promoter was detected in 19 of 31 (61%) samples evaluable by MSP. Low-level AGT, defined as <20% nuclear AGT staining by immunohistochemistry, was found in 10 of 32 samples (31%), whereas 12 of 32 (38%) had low levels of AGT activity. Correlation of immunohistochemistry to AGT activity was statistically significant (P = 0.014) as was the correlation of immunohistochemistry to MSP (P = 0.043), whereas MSP compared with AGT activity (P = 0.246) was not significant. Cross-tabulation of immunohistochemistry and MSP data based on prognostic groups, where good prognosis was represented by an immunohistochemistry of <20% and an MSP ratio >12, showed no significant relationship (P = 0.214), suggesting that one assay cannot be used interchangeably for another. The observed discordance between respective measures of AGT based on prognosis supports further standardization of AGT assays designed to guide therapeutic practice. The data also suggest that consideration be given to the large population of AGT-expressing cells within samples when therapeutic strategies based on tumor methylation are used.
MENTAL PHENOMENA EVOKED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION AND AMYGDALA (1978)

Journal Article MENTAL PHENOMENA EVOKED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION AND AMYGDALA Get access ERIC HALGREN, ERIC HALGREN Brain Research Institute, Reed Neurological Research Center, and Department of Surgeryj Neurological, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, California 90024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD D. WALTER, RICHARD D. WALTER Brain Research Institute, Reed Neurological Research Center, and Department of Surgeryj Neurological, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, California 90024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DIANA G. CHERLOW, DIANA G. CHERLOW Brain Research Institute, Reed Neurological Research Center, and Department of Surgeryj Neurological, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, California 90024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL H. CRANDALL PAUL H. CRANDALL Brain Research Institute, Reed Neurological Research Center, and Department of Surgeryj Neurological, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, California 90024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 101, Issue 1, March 1978, Pages 83–115, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/101.1.83 Published: 01 March 1978
Hybrid mode locking of a flash-lamp-pumped Ti:Al_2O_3 laser (1994)

We demonstrate an all-solid-state hybrid mode-locking technique for flash-lamp-pumped solid-state lasers. The combination of active acousto-optic modulation and fast saturable-absorber action from a low-temperature multiple quantum well allows strong pulse shaping to be achieved during the rapid pulse energy buildup from the flash-lamp pumping. Pulse durations as short as 4.5 ps have been generated. The high-energy storage available from Ti:Al2O3 allows this new mode-locking technique to produce pulses with peak powers of &gt;4 MW at a 10-Hz repetition rate directly from a single laser.
Synthesis of phase-coherent, picosecond optical square pulses (1986)

We report the generation of Fourier-transform-limited, picosecond optical square pulses (with a duration of ~6 psec full width at half-maximum and a rise time of ~1 psec). Control of the pulse temporal profile is achieved by masking the amplitude and the phase of the optical frequency components, which are spatially dispersed within a grating pulse compressor.
Enhanced group II intron retrohoming in magnesium-deficient Escherichia coli via selection of mutations in the ribozyme core (2013)

Mobile group II introns are bacterial retrotransposons thought to be evolutionary ancestors of spliceosomal introns and retroelements in eukaryotes. They consist of a catalytically active intron RNA ("ribozyme") and an intron-encoded reverse transcriptase, which function together to promote RNA splicing and intron mobility via reverse splicing of the intron RNA into new DNA sites ("retrohoming"). Although group II introns are active in bacteria, their natural hosts, they function inefficiently in eukaryotes, where lower free Mg(2+) concentrations decrease their ribozyme activity and constitute a natural barrier to group II intron proliferation within nuclear genomes. Here, we show that retrohoming of the Ll.LtrB group II intron is strongly inhibited in an Escherichia coli mutant lacking the Mg(2+) transporter MgtA, and we use this system to select mutations in catalytic core domain V (DV) that partially rescue retrohoming at low Mg(2+) concentrations. We thus identified mutations in the distal stem of DV that increase retrohoming efficiency in the MgtA mutant up to 22-fold. Biochemical assays of splicing and reverse splicing indicate that the mutations increase the fraction of intron RNA that folds into an active conformation at low Mg(2+) concentrations, and terbium-cleavage assays suggest that this increase is due to enhanced Mg(2+) binding to the distal stem of DV. Our findings indicate that DV is involved in a critical Mg(2+)-dependent RNA folding step in group II introns and demonstrate the feasibility of selecting intron variants that function more efficiently at low Mg(2+) concentrations, with implications for evolution and potential applications in gene targeting.