gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone augmentation by onlay implant using recombinant human BMP‐2 and collagen on adult rat skull without periosteum (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone augmentation could be obtained by the composite of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and bioabsorbable atelocollagen when the periosteum was resected, and to compare the efficacy of the rhBMP-2/collagen implant and the collagen alone implant. The onlay implant was inserted into the space between the elevated galea aponeurotica and the skull without the periosteum of 10-month-old rats. The rhBMP-2/collagen implant resulted in osteoblasts differentiation under the galea at 1 week and active bone formation without a prior formation of cartilage. At 4 weeks, the bony trabeculae were interconnected and connected directly with the compact bone of the skull. Histomorphometric analysis at 4 weeks demonstrated that the rhBMP-2/collagen implant showed 92.5% in the volume of bone tissue, whereas the collagen alone showed 0%. The implanted collagen was gradually replaced by bone tissue in the presence of rhBMP-2. Our present results indicate that rhBMP-2 stimulates undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the galea overlying the implant to proliferate and differentiate directly into osteoblasts on the carrier collagen fibers. The collagen matrix was stably placed on the skull and suitable as a substitute for rhBMP-2. The rhBMP-2/collagen onlay implant might be clinically applicable for bone augmentation even under the condition without the periosteum.
Optimal static 2-dimensional screen subdivision for parallel rasterization architectures (1997)

Designers of computer graphics hardware have used increasing device counts available from IC manufacturers to increase parallelism using techniques such as putting a longer pipeline of data path elements on integrated circuits, or developing designs which use an array of processors. Pixel-Planes 1–5 and PixelFlow‡ are examples of architectures which use an array of pixel processors for rasterization. Early generations of Pixel-Planes attempted to make these arrays as large as the display providing one processor for each display pixel. Later generations improved performance by grouping processors into multiple smaller arrays, subdividing the screen into sections of a corresponding size and having the arrays independently process the screen subdivisions. This paper describes simulations which were performed to determine the optimum size subdivision for a graphics computer which uses Pixel-Planes type parallelism, i.e. static two dimensional screen subdivision parallel polygon rasterization. We then develop a mathematical approach to determining the optimal subdivision size and show that it agrees well with the experimental data. For special purpose architectures we show that the optimal size depends not only on the polygon size but also on the silicon area consumed by the rasterizer overhead. The mathematical approach can be directly applied to special purpose architectures, and we show how it can be modified for use in analyzing algorithms developed for general purpose architectures such as the Intel Touchstone or Paragon, or the Thinking Machines CM-5.
Interferon-beta inhibits Th1 responses at the dendritic cell level. Relevance to multiple sclerosis. (1999)

Clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in MS remains unknown. IFN-beta has even been demonstrated to enhance isolated T cell secretion of IFN-gamma, a cytokine proven to be deleterious in MS. However, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma secretion of T cells, when they are stimulated by antigen presenting cells (APC). We therefore decided to study the effects of IFN-beta on the in vitro differentiation of dendritic cells (DC), a major class of APC. First, we found that the addition of IFN-beta at the initiation of the differentiation did not modify DC morphology, but enhanced the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation (HLA-DR, B7/1 and B7/2). However, DC, differentiated in the presence of IFN-beta, secreted less interleukin-12 (IL-12) both spontaneously and upon activation by CD40-ligand bearing cells. As a consequence, DC differentiated in the presence of IFN-beta induced less IFN-gamma secretion by alloreactive T cells. We conclude that the direct action of IFN-beta on DC results in inhibition of their ability to secrete IL-12 and to elicit Thelper-1 (Th-1) type responses. These results are of particular interest in MS, in which a critical role for IL-12 has recently been suggested by a number of clinical and experimental observations.
Podoplanin expression by cancer associated fibroblasts predicts poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (2008)

Recent studies have reported increased podoplanin expression by cancer cells and stromal cells, but little is known about its expression and biological significance in adenocarcinoma of the lung. We examined podoplanin expression by both cancer cells and stromal cells in 177 consecutive lung adenocarcinoma cases and analyzed relations between podoplanin expression and both clinicopathological factors and outcome. Podoplanin expression was observed on the apical membrane of the cancer cells in only 9 of the 177 (5.1%) cases. By contrast, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were found to express podoplanin in 54 cases (30.5%). Podoplanin (+) CAFs were found only in invasive adenocarcinoma and none were found in noninvasive adenocarcinoma. Conventional prognostic factors were significantly correlated with podoplanin expression by CAFs. The univariate analyses and log-rank test showed that podoplanin expression was significantly associated with shorter survival time (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). We divided the cases into 3 groups according grade based on the proportion of CAFs expressing podoplanin [a grade 0 group (n = 123), a grade 1 group (n = 36) and a grade 2 group (n = 18)]. The result showed that conventional prognostic factors were significantly correlated with the grade of podoplanin expression by CAFs. Furthermore, the grade 2 group tended to have a shorter survival time than the grade 1 group (p = 0.092). The results of this study highlight the importance of podoplanin expression by CAFs and provide new insights into the biology of the cancer microenvironment in adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Quantifying the Impact of Fault Modeling Parameters on Production Forecasting for Clastic Reservoirs (2005)

Abstract Recent developments in structural modeling allow the detailed representation of the fault geometries, and their impact on reservoir behavior can be fully assessed. However, it is unclear how much the most advanced developments, such as sub-seismic fault and fault-seal modeling, contribute to a better understanding of a field. This study was designed to set up a workflow for assessing the impact of structural uncertainty and to test the workflow on a synthetic model to analyze the production response to this uncertainty. A synthetic oil reservoir model was built, using a simplified tilted block structure, which was then modified with different groups of faults, and three different sedimentary models for building the facies and property model. Two experiments were conducted, where both sedimentary model and structural settings would vary. Experiment 1included the sedimentary model as a varied input, whereas experiment 2focused on the structural factors in each defined sedimentary model. The models were built using a combination of RMS ™and Havana software systems, and then the results were imported into a reservoir simulator, Eclipse ™. Production results were extracted and analyzed using statistical methods, to determine the impact of each input variable. The results pointed out that apart from varying reservoir properties, some of the structural factors had a significant impact on production history (in particular fault-seal model and fault pattern). In addition, experiment 2showed that different sedimentary settings do not respond in the same way to different structural settings, thus demonstrating the potential value of conducting this type of study in the early phases of field development.
Immunotherapy for melanoma (2012)

The incidence of malignant melanoma, the most lethal skin cancer, has been steadily increasing in the last 30 years and prognosis for patients is poor. The well-documented interface between the immune response and melanoma represents an attempt by the host to suppress tumor growth, but also constitutes a key parameter in the natural history of the disease. Systemic adjuvant therapies, such as IFN-α2b, have validated the merits of activating immune responses to oppose tumor development. Cutting-edge research efforts into targeting key T-cell immune check points, such as CTLA-4, aiming to overcome tolerance and enhance immune responses to melanoma, are now yielding novel therapeutics. We review the key areas of research activity in melanoma immunotherapy, the clinical experiences with immune therapeutics and discuss the most promising agents that are now driving the field.
Synthesis and properties of RNA analogs-oligoribonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates (1999)

The synthesis and characterization of RNA mimetics, uniformly modified oligoribonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates containing all four natural bases (uracil, cytosine, adenine and guanine) as well as thymidine and 2,6-diaminopurine, are described. These RNA analogs contain N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate internucleotide linkages which replaced natural RNA O3'-->P5' phosphodiester groups. These oligonucleo-tides were constructed from novel monomeric units (2'- t -butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-(monomethoxyltrityl)-amino-nucleoside-5'- phos phoramidites, the preparation of which is also presented. Several mixed base 9-13mer oligoribonucleotide phosphoramidates were synthesized with step-wise coupling yields of 96-98%. Thermal denaturation experiments demonstrated that ribo-N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates form stable duplexes with a complementary RNA strand. Thus, the melting temperature ( T (m)) of a duplex formed by a 13mer ribo-N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate (84 degrees C) was higher than that observed for the isosequential natural RNA oligomer (64.0 degrees C), or for the 2'-deoxy-N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate counterpart (71.7 degrees C). Moreover, substitution of adenine by 2, 6-diaminopurine in an oligoribophosphoramidate pentamer resulted in a very significant increase in the duplex melting temperature ( approximately 7 degrees C per base substitution). The RNA phosphoramidates also showed similar rates of hydrolysis by both RNase A and RNase T(1)as compared to natural RNA oligomers. The data presented indicate that this class of RNA analogs may be used as structural and functional RNA mimetics.
Isolation of cDNA clones coding for human tissue factor: primary structure of the protein and cDNA. (1987)

Tissue factor is a membrane-bound procoagulant protein that activates the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation in the presence of factor VII and calcium. lambda Phage containing the tissue factor gene were isolated from a human placental cDNA library. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs indicates that tissue factor is synthesized as a higher molecular weight precursor with a leader sequence of 32 amino acids, while the mature protein is a single polypeptide chain composed of 263 residues. The derived primary structure of tissue factor has been confirmed by comparison to protein and peptide sequence data. The sequence of the mature protein suggests that there are three distinct domains: extracellular, residues 1-219; hydrophobic, residues 220-242; and cytoplasmic, residues 243-263. Three potential N-linked carbohydrate attachment sites occur in the extracellular domain. The amino acid sequence of tissue factor shows no significant homology with the vitamin K-dependent serine proteases, coagulation cofactors, or any other protein in the National Biomedical Research Foundation sequence data bank (Washington, DC).
Design of Low-Rise Buildings for Extreme Wind Events (2007)

Damages from hurricanes and various windstorm events represent a loss of several billions of dollars in the United States. A loss of $30 billion was attributed to Hurricane Andrew alone in Florida in 1993. In 2004 and 2005, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and other locations in the southeast United States and the Caribbean saw an unprecedented wave of major hurricanes causing great destruction and property damage. This paper discusses the topic of home design for high winds and hurricanes, and sums up a recently completed practical research on this subject.
A3 receptors in cortical neurons: Pharmacological aspects and neuroprotection during hypoxia (2003)

Abstract Adenosine, which is released under pathophysiological conditions such as hypoxia or ischemia, is involved in a variety of regulatory processes related to neuroprotection. Major advances in the research on neuronal adenosine receptors have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects during hypoxia. The therapeutic potential of adenosine was recognized several years ago, but only the development of stable and selective adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists has offered novel approaches for the pharmacological manipulation of the receptor activity. To date, four G protein coupled receptors have been cloned and identified in the central nervous system: A 1 , A 2A , A 2B , and A 3. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mediated primarily by the activation of A 1 receptors. Knowledge of the physiological role of A 3 receptors in the brain is still limited. This article focuses on new evidences referring to possible functions of A 3 receptors in the CNS, especially the role during hypoxia. Electrophysiological investigations on brain slices give us new insights concerning mechanisms of synaptic modulation. The data from pyramidal cells of the rat cingulate cortex show that a high level of endogenous adenosine (occuring during hypoxia) activates A 3 receptors, which mediates a depression of the synaptic transmission. The A 3 receptors inhibit the glutamate release additionally to and independently from the A 1 receptors. The two distinct mechanisms of synaptic modulation contribute to the neuroprotective action of adenosine during hypoxia and offer new approaches for therapeutic strategies. Drug Dev. Res. 58:420–427, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antimicrobial Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Bicarbonate Individually and in Combination Against Selected Oral, Gram-negative, Facultative Bacteria (1986)

The topical application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), individually and in combination, has been used empirically in the treatment of periodontal diseases. In this study, we examined both minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of these disinfectants individually and in combination against selected facultative, Gram-negative oral bacteria in a microtiter dilution assay. The bacteria studied included Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Eikenella corrodens, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. These bacteria exhibited MBC (one hr) values ranging from 75 mumol/L to greater than 10 mmol/L and MIC from less than 5 to 500 mumol/L for H2O2. The tested bacteria exhibited MIC values for NaHCO3 of from 23 to 182 mmol/L, and the MBC (one hr) exceeded 728 mmol/L for most of the strains examined. At sublethal (sub-MIC) concentrations, sodium bicarbonate antagonized the ability of H2O2 to inhibit bacterial growth in MIC assays, but sublethal concentrations of H2O2 had no effect on the MIC values of NaHCO3. Lethal concentrations of H2O2 and NaHCO3 exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity in combination in one-hour bactericidal assays. Since the bactericidal properties of these antimicrobial agents are synergistic, we conclude that it may be rational to use them in combination to treat certain forms of periodontal disease. Also, lower and perhaps safer concentrations of H2O2 can be used in combination with NaHCO3 when oxidative antimicrobial chemotherapy is indicated.
Alkyl phosphotriester modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides. V. Synthesis and absolute configuration ofRpandSpdiastereomers of an ethyl phosphotriester (Et) modifiedEcoRI recognition sequence, d[GGAA(Et)TTCC]. A synthetic approach to regio- and stereospecific ethylation-interference studies (1986)

Protected deoxynucleoside 3'-O-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite reagents were prepared for use in the automated synthesis of ethyl phosphotriester (Et) modified oligonucleotides. The title diastereomers were separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and chirality at phosphorus was assigned by an improved configurational correlation scheme that was verified by NMR spectroscopic studies (accompanying paper, Part VI). This generally applicable correlation scheme involved enzymatic digestions of each diastereomer to give the corresponding diastereomer of d[A(Et)T]; phosphite triester sulfurization to obtain diastereomeric O-ethyl phosphorothioates, d[AS(Et)T], which were separated by HPLC for stereoretentive oxidation with H2O2 to give d[A(Et)T], and stereoretentive de-ethylation with PhSH-Et3N to give diastereomeric phosphorothioates, d[AST], whose configurations at phosphorus had been assigned previously. Neither the Rp-Rp nor Sp-Sp duplex, (d[GGAA(Et)TTCC])2, was cleaved by EcoRI endonuclease under conditions that led to cleavage of both the unmodified duplex, [d(GGAATTCC)]2, and the mixture of diastereomeric phosphorothioate-modified duplexes, [d(GGAASTTCC)]2. Cleavage of the latter substrates was Sp-selective.
The thermodynamics of solvent exchange (1994)

A model for solvation in mixed solvents, which was developed for the free energy and preferential interaction [J. A. Schellman (1987), Biopolymers, Vol. 26, pp. 549-559; (1990), Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 37, pp. 121-140; (1993), Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 45, pp. 273-279], is extended in this paper to cover the thermal properties: enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity. An important result is that the enthalpy of solvation H(ex)2 responds directly to the fraction of site occupation. This differs from the free energy G(ex)2 and preferential interaction gamma 32, which are measures of the excess binding above a random distribution of solvent molecules. In other words, the enthalpy is governed by K while G(ex)2 and gamma 32 are governed by (K-1) where K is the equilibrium constant on a mole fraction scale [Schellman (1987)]. The solvation heat capacity Cpex2 consists of two term: (1) the intrinsic heat capacity of species in solution with no change in composition, and (2) a term that accounts for the change in composition that accompanies solvent exchange. Binding to biological macromolecules is heterogeneous but experimentalists must use binding isotherms that assume the homogeneity of sites. Equations are developed for the interpretation of the experimental parameters (number of sites nexp, equilibrium constant Kexp, and enthalpy, delta hexp), when homogeneous formulas are applied to the heterogeneous case. It is shown that the experimental parameters for the occupation and enthalpy are simple functions of the moments of the distribution of equilibrium constants over the sites. In general, nexp is greater than the true number of sites and Kexp is greater than the average of the equilibrium constants. The free energy and preferential interaction can be fit to a homogeneous formula, but the parameters of the curve are not easily represented in terms of the moments of distributions over the sites. The strengths and deficiencies of this type of thermodynamic model are discussed.
Escherichia coli xth mutants are hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide (1983)

Escherichia coli mutants lacking exonuclease III (xthA) are exceptionally sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. They are killed by H2O2 at 20 times the rate of wild-type bacteria and at 3 to 4 times the rate of recA cells. This is the first clear phenotypic sensitivity reported for xth- E. coli and should aid in clarifying peroxide-induced lethality and the in vivo role of exonuclease III.
Mutations of the BRAF gene in ulcerative colitis‐related colorectal carcinoma (2005)

The Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal transduction cascade is an important mediator of a number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival. The BRAF gene is activated by oncogenic Ras, leading to cooperative effects in cells responding to growth factor signals. Our study was performed to elucidate a possible function of BRAF in ulcerative colitis (UC)-related colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutations of BRAF and KRAS were determined in 33 UC-related colorectal cancers by direct DNA sequencing analyses after microdissection. Mismatch-repair deficiency was assessed by immunohistochemistry for major mismatch-repair proteins hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 and microsatellite analyses of the BAT25 and BAT26 loci. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter was also tested. The results obtained were correlated with histopathologic variables. Activating BRAF missense mutations were identified in 3/33 UC-related cancers (9%), 2 of which exhibited a loss of hMLH1-protein expression and hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter. Corresponding nondysplastic UC-mucosa of these patients did not show BRAF mutations. KRAS mutations were found in 6/33 (18%) UC cancers. All 6 UC cancers with KRAS mutations had an intact BRAF gene as the 3 cancers with BRAF mutations had an intact KRAS gene. There was no significant correlation between BRAF or KRAS status and clinicopathologic variables. Our data indicate that BRAF mutations are not an initiating event in UC-related carcinogenesis and are associated with mismatch-repair deficiency through hMLH1-promoter hypermethylation. Disruption of the Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) kinase pathway-either through RAS or BRAF mutation-was detected in 27% of all UC-related cancers and thus plays an important role in UC-related carcinogenesis.
Andrew Bennett, Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. 370 pp. $21.95. (2002)

July 01 2002 Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996. AndrewBennett, Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. 370 pp. $21.95. Robert D. English Robert D. English University of Southern California Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Robert D. English University of Southern California Online Issn: 1531-3298 Print Issn: 1520-3972 © 2002 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2002 Journal of Cold War Studies (2002) 4 (3): 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2002.4.3.148 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Robert D. English; Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996.. Journal of Cold War Studies 2002; 4 (3): 148–151. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2002.4.3.148 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsJournal of Cold War Studies Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.