gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction of exogenous antigens into the MHC class I processing and presentation pathway by Drosophila antennapedia homeodomain primes cytotoxic T cells in vivo (1996)

The homeodomain of the Antennapedia molecule (AntpHD) spontaneously crosses cellular membranes and can be used to deliver up to 50 additional amino acids to the cytoplasm. We exploited this approach to deliver antigenic peptides to the MHC class I processing and presentation pathway. AntpHD-based fusion peptides expressing the 170-179 HLA-Cw3 CTL epitope (pCw3) were produced in bacteria. Incubation of these fusion peptides with H-2d target cells resulted in efficient delivery to the cytosol as indicated by protease resistance and confocal microscopy. Moreover, this introduction of an exogenous Ag resulted in sensitization of the cell to lysis by a CTL clone specific for the 170-179 HLA-Cw3-derived peptide. Sensitivity of the Ag processing to brefeldin A but not to chloroquine is consistent with the delivery of AntpHD fusion peptides to the conventional class I-associated processing pathway. Immunization of DBA/2 (H-2d) mice with AntpHD pCw3 fusion peptide in the presence of SDS primed H-2Kd-restricted HLA-Cw3-specific CTL. Similar results were obtained with AntpHD fusion peptides expressing the 147-156 influenza nucleoprotein peptide. The strategy outlined in this paper provides a new approach for introducing molecules into the MHC class I Ag-presenting pathway. This approach has clear relevance to the design of synthetic peptide-based vaccines.
A 1-h topical therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. (1995)

This 1-h topical therapy is a safe, effective, and well tolerated procedure for the treatment of H. pylori infection. With further improvements and modifications of the method itself, as well as of the drug regimens, this method may become a highly efficient modality for anti-H. pylori therapy.
131. Cannabis indica. Part XI. An examination of the alkali-soluble portion of American hemp resin (1942)

A. Madinaveitia, P. B. Russell and A. R. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1942, 628 DOI: 10.1039/JR9420000628
A cystine-rich protein fraction from oxidized α-keratin (1977)

A soluble fraction of alpha-keratin was obtained on fission of disulphide bonds. The fraction was soluble in the oxidizing solution and would normally be lost when such procedures are used for isolating keratose fractions. This fraction, which constituted 6% by weight of keratin, was rich in cystine, and about 30% of the fraction had a mol.wt. of less than 20 000.
The Fenpropimorph Resistance Gene FEN2 fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae Encodes a Plasma Membrane H+-Pantothenate Symporter (1999)

The product of the FEN2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has previously been described as a protein conferring sensitivity to the antifungal agent fenpropimorph. Fen2p was postulated to act as a common regulator of carbon and nitrogen catabolite repression and of amino acid and ergosterol biosynthesis. In this paper, we present experimental evidence characterizing Fen2p as a plasma membrane-localized transporter for the vitamin pantothenate. The high affinity transport system (Km = 3.5 microM) is sensitive to uncouplers, suggesting a H+-pantothenate cotransport. Pantothenate transport rates in yeast are modulated by extracellular pantothenate, being maximal at low pantothenate concentrations. It is demonstrated that beta-alanine can suppress the growth defect of FEN2 wild-type and fen2 mutant cells on pantothenate-free medium. Evidence is presented that beta-alanine is transported by the general amino acid permease Gap1p. The relation among pantothenate transport, nitrogen catabolite repression, and sensitivity to the antifungal agent fenpropimorph is discussed.
Integrin activation controls metastasis in human breast cancer (2001)

Metastasis is the primary cause of death in human breast cancer. Metastasis to bone, lungs, liver, and brain involves dissemination of breast cancer cells via the bloodstream and requires adhesion within the vasculature. Blood cell adhesion within the vasculature depends on integrins, a family of transmembrane adhesion receptors, and is regulated by integrin activation. Here we show that integrin alpha v beta 3 supports breast cancer cell attachment under blood flow conditions in an activation-dependent manner. Integrin alpha v beta 3 was found in two distinct functional states in human breast cancer cells. The activated, but not the nonactivated, state supported tumor cell arrest during blood flow through interaction with platelets. Importantly, activated alpha v beta 3 was expressed by freshly isolated metastatic human breast cancer cells and variants of the MDA-MB 435 human breast cancer cell line, derived from mammary fat pad tumors or distant metastases in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Expression of constitutively activated mutant alpha v beta 3(D723R), but not alpha v beta 3(WT), in MDA-MB 435 cells strongly promoted metastasis in the mouse model. Thus breast cancer cells can exhibit a platelet-interactive and metastatic phenotype that is controlled by the activation of integrin alpha v beta 3. Consequently, alterations within tumors that lead to the aberrant control of integrin activation are expected to adversely affect the course of human breast cancer.
Probing Porous Media with Gas Diffusion NMR (1999)

We show that gas diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (GD-NMR) provides a powerful technique for probing the structure of porous media. In random packs of glass beads, using both laser-polarized and thermally polarized xenon gas, we find that GD-NMR can accurately measure the pore space surface-area-to-volume ratio, S/V rho, and the tortuosity, alpha (the latter quantity being directly related to the system's transport properties). We also show that GD-NMR provides a good measure of the tortuosity of sandstone and complex carbonate rocks.
A Note on the Term "Chalcogen" (1997)

After summarizing the suggestions of various textbook authors as to the meaning of the term chalcogen, including "chalk former," "calx former," "chain former," "brass giver," and "copper producing," it is argued that the best translation is "ore former." It is further suggested that the term chalcogenide should be replaced with the term chalcide in order to maintain a parallelism with the terms halogen and halide. Some older class-descriptors for the group-16 elements are also discussed.
Xurography: rapid prototyping of microstructures using a cutting plotter (2005)

This paper introduces xurography, or "razor writing," as a novel rapid prototyping technique for creating microstructures in various films. This technique uses a cutting plotter traditionally used in the sign industry for cutting graphics in adhesive vinyl films. A cutting plotter with an addressable resolution of 10 /spl mu/m was used to cut microstructures in various films with thicknesses ranging from 25 to 1000 /spl mu/m. Positive features down to 35 /spl mu/m and negative features down to 18 /spl mu/m were cut in a 25 /spl mu/m thick material. Higher aspect ratios of 5.2 for positive features and 8 for negative features were possible in a 360 /spl mu/m thick material. A simple model correlating material properties to minimum feature size is introduced. Multilayered microstructures cut from pressure sensitive and thermal activated adhesive films were laminated in less than 30 min without photolithographic processes or chemicals. Potential applications of these microstructures are explored including: shadow masking, electroplating, micromolds for PDMS, and multilayered three-dimensional (3-D) channels. This inexpensive method can rapidly prototype microfluidic devices or tertiary fluid connections for higher resolution devices. [1488].
The Time-Resolved Fluorescence-Based PCA3 Test on Urinary Sediments after Digital Rectal Examination; a Dutch Multicenter Validation of the Diagnostic Performance (2007)

In this multicenter study, we validated the diagnostic performance of the PCA3 urine test in the largest group studied thus far using a PCA3 gene-based test. This study shows that the PCA3 urine test, when used as a reflex test, can improve the specificity in prostate cancer diagnosis and could prevent many unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Phase I Study of GTI-2040, an Antisense to Ribonucleotide Reductase, in Combination with High-Dose Cytarabine in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2008)

GTI-2040 and high-dose AraC were coadministered safely with successful reduction of the intended R2 target and encouraging clinical results. The clinical efficacy of this combination will be tested in an upcoming phase II study.
Photosensitivity in Optical Fibers (1993)

Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical ...Read More
BHQ880, a novel anti-DKK1 neutralizing antibody, inhibits tumor-induced osteolytic bone disease (2008)

3987 Several cancers have a pathology which includes lytic bone disease. In particular, Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients often develop debilitating bone pain and fractures from osteolytic lesions. Recent publications have demonstrated elevated levels of DKK1 in the serum of MM patients, and this is correlated with an increase in osteolytic lesions. DKK1 is also elevated in patients with other tumor types that give rise to osteolytic metastases, such as breast and prostate cancers. DKK1 is a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is a critical mediator of osteoblast differentiation and survival. We have identified a fully human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody (BHQ880) that potently and selectively neutralizes DKK1 suppression of Wnt signaling.  BHQ880 was selected based on its high affinity for human, mouse, rat, and monkey DKK1 using MorphoSyś HuCAL GOLD® phage display library. BHQ880 neutralizes DKK1 suppression of Wnt signaling in a TCF luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, BHQ880 reactivates the production of Alkaline Phosphatase from DKK1-suppressed, osteoblast-like, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (C3H10T1/2). BHQ880 binds within the Cys-2 domain of DKK1 and inhibits the interaction between DKK1 and both LRP5 and LRP6.  BHQ880 has demonstrated potent efficacy in several models of tumor-induced osteolytic disease. These include two models of osteolytic metastasis that express high levels of DKK1, an intratibial prostate (PC3M-2AC6) tumor model in mice and an osteolytic breast tumor (MDA-MB-231) model using both intratibial and systemic delivery. Additionally, BHQ880 significantly inhibited bone loss in a systemic MM model (MMIS). In all three models, BHQ880 protected mice from tumor induced bone loss.  These data highlight the potential for anti-DKK1 therapy in tumor induced osteolytic bone disease.
Impact of engineered surface microtopography on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (2007)

The surface of an indwelling medical device can be colonized by human pathogens that can form biofilms and cause infections. In most cases, these biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial therapy and eventually necessitate removal or replacement of the device. An engineered surface microtopography based on the skin of sharks, Sharklet AF, has been designed on a poly(dimethyl siloxane) elastomer (PDMSe) to disrupt the formation of bacterial biofilms without the use of bactericidal agents. The Sharklet AF PDMSe was tested against smooth PDMSe for biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus over the course of 21 days. The smooth surface exhibited early-stage biofilm colonies at 7 days and mature biofilms at 14 days, while the topographical surface did not show evidence of early biofilm colonization until day 21. At 14 days, the mean value of percent area coverage of S. aureus on the smooth surface was 54% compared to 7% for the Sharklet AF surface (p<0.01). These results suggest that surface modification of indwelling medical devices and exposed sterile surfaces with the Sharklet AF engineered topography may be an effective solution in disrupting biofilm formation of S. aureus.
Bacteriophage lysis: mechanism and regulation (1992)

Bacteriophage lysis involves at least two fundamentally different strategies. Most phages elaborate at least two proteins, one of which is a murein hydrolase, or lysin, and the other is a membrane protein, which is given the designation holin in this review. The function of the holin is to create a lesion in the cytoplasmic membrane through which the murein hydrolase passes to gain access to the murein layer. This is necessary because phage-encoded lysins never have secretory signal sequences and are thus incapable of unassisted escape from the cytoplasm. The holins, whose prototype is the lambda S protein, share a common organization in terms of the arrangement of charged and hydrophobic residues, and they may all contain at least two transmembrane helical domains. The available evidence suggests that holins oligomerize to form nonspecific holes and that this hole-forming step is the regulated step in phage lysis. The correct scheduling of the lysis event is as much an essential feature of holin function as is the hole formation itself. In the second strategy of lysis, used by the small single-stranded DNA phage phi X174 and the single-stranded RNA phage MS2, no murein hydrolase activity is synthesized. Instead, there is a single species of small membrane protein, unlike the holins in primary structure, which somehow causes disruption of the envelope. These lysis proteins function by activation of cellular autolysins. A host locus is required for the lytic function of the phi X174 lysis gene E.
Preliminary trial of minidose heparin prophylaxis for painful sickle cell crises. (1989)

Four patients with well-documented severe recurrent painful sickle cell crises received 12-month courses of self-administered minidose heparin (5000-7500 units every 12 hours). Patients were evaluated weekly or bi-weekly for symptoms and signs of sickle crises. The observations were compared with identical observations during 12 months off heparin (control). Prior to starting heparin, baseline laboratory values were established, including hematocrits, platelet counts, and plasma coagulation factors. Bone density was evaluated by radiologic measurement of metacarpal cortical width and by forearm transmission osteodensitometry. Laboratory values were repeated at each visit; bone density was reevaluated every 6 months. At each visit clinical status for the preceding 1-2 weeks was classified as: no pain (I), minor pain controllable by non-prescription medications (II), pain requiring office or emergency room admissions for parenteral narcotics (III), hospitalized for about 3 days for pain crisis (IV). One patient completed a single 2-year cycle; one patient completed 2 cycles (followed 4 years), and 2 patients have undertaken 3 cycles (followed greater than or equal to 6 years). No treatment-related complications occurred requiring discontinuation of heparin. Thrombocytopenia was not observed. There was no evidence of progressive osteopenia. All patients improved while receiving heparin; 1 moderately, 3 markedly. Cumulative data (8.7 patient years on heparin, 12 control years) revealed a 73% reduction in days of hospitalization per year and 74% reduction in hours spent in emergency rooms per year during heparin administration. Pretreatment pain patterns recurred when heparin was discontinued.
Potentiel thérapeutique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines dans les lésions cutanées radioinduites (2005)

Over 50% of all cancer patients presently receive radiotherapy at one stage in their treatment course. Inevitably skin is one of the most frequently damaged tissue due to its localization and constant turn-over. Our present goal is to reduce radiation-induced complications in human skin through stem cell therapy, particulary in human epidermis. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be multipotent cells able to engraft in many tissues after injury. Herein, we isolated human MSCs and tested their capability to improve skin wound healing after irradiation. This potential was assessed in NOD/SCID mice which received 30 Gy locally on the thigh. This dose caused within 3 weeks local epidermis necrosis which was repaired within 13 weeks. MSCs were intravenously injected in irradiated mice 24 hours after exposure. Clinical scoring throughout 6 weeks gave indications that human MSCs reduced the extent of damage and accelerated the wound healing process. We show by quantitative qPCR and histological studies the presence of human MSCs derived cells into the scar. Human MSCs homed to the damaged skin and participated to the wound healing process. These results open prospects for cellular therapy by MSCs in irradiated epithelial tissues and could be extended to the whole general field of cutaneous cicatrization, particularly after burns.
Sugar chain alterations of glycoproteins in spent culture media of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines analyzed by lectin-affinity electrophoresis (1998)

Sugar chain alterations of α-fetoprotein (AFP), α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) and transferrin (Tf) in spent culture media of human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7, huH-1, Hep-G2 and KIM-1, were analyzed by lectin-affinity electrophoresis with Concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (E4-PHA) and antibody-affinity blotting. Their glycoforms demonstrated lectin-dependent characteristic patterns similar to the glycoforms of AFP in hepatocellular carcinomas, although their separation became less chear as the number of sugar chains per molecule increased. The proportions of band intensities of the glycoform of AAT and Tf corresponding to AFP-C1, AFP-L3 and AFP-P4 increased consistently in all cell lines. However, the extent of the increases in the glycoforms differed from one cell line to another, reflecting tumor heterogenity. On the other hand, the sugar chain alterations of glycoproteins were similar in each cell line, although the glycoforms separated with Con A showed slightly different patterns from those separated with LCA. Accordingly, hepatocelluler carcinoma may be detected at an early stage by analyzing the glycoforms of serum AAT and Tf by lectin-affinity electrophoresis for cases with negative AFP.
Immobilized platelets support human colon carcinoma cell tethering, rolling, and firm adhesion under dynamic flow conditions (2000)

Accumulating evidence suggests that successful metastatic spread may depend on the ability of tumor cells to undergo extensive interactions with platelets. However, the mechanisms mediating tumor cell adhesion to platelets under conditions of flow remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the ability of 3 human colon carcinoma cell lines (LS174T, COLO205, and HCT-8) to bind to surface-anchored platelets under flow and to identify the receptors involved in these processes. Immobilized platelets support LS174T cell adhesion at wall shear stresses up to 1.4 dyn/cm(2). Our data suggest that platelets primarily recruit LS174T cells through a 2-step, sequential process of adhesive interactions that shares common features but is distinct from that elaborated for neutrophils. Platelet P-selectin mediates LS174T cell tethering and rolling in a PSGL-1- and CD24-independent manner. Moreover, platelet alpha(IIb)beta(3)-integrins appear to be capable of directly capturing LS174T cells from the fluid stream, and also convert instantaneously transient tethers initiated by P-selectin into stable adhesion. This step is at least partially mediated by von Willebrand factor, but not fibrinogen or fibronectin, that bridges platelet alpha(IIb)beta(3) with a yet unidentified receptor on the LS174T cell surface via an RGD-dependent mechanism. The sequential engagement of platelet P-selectin and alpha(IIb)beta(3) is also requisite for the optimal adhesion of COLO205. Furthermore, HCT-8 cells, which fail to interact with P-selectin, tether minimally to surface-anchored platelets under flow, despite their extensive adhesive interactions under static conditions. This cascade of events depicts an efficacious process for colon carcinoma arrest at sites of vascular injury. (Blood. 2000;96:1789-1797)
Spinal Cord Neuronal Precursors Generate Multiple Neuronal Phenotypes in Culture (1998)

Neuronal restricted precursors (NRPs) () can generate multiple neurotransmitter phenotypes during maturation in culture. Undifferentiated E-NCAM+ (embryonic neural cell adhesion molecule) immunoreactive NRPs are mitotically active and electrically immature, and they express only a subset of neuronal markers. Fully mature cells are postmitotic, process-bearing cells that are neurofilament-M and synaptophysin immunoreactive, and they synthesize and respond to different subsets of neurotransmitter molecules. Mature neurons that synthesize and respond to glycine, glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and acetylcholine can be identified by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and calcium imaging in mass cultures. Individual NRPs also generate heterogeneous progeny as assessed by neurotransmitter response and synthesis, demonstrating the multipotent nature of the precursor cells. Differentiation can be modulated by sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 molecules. Shh acts as a mitogen and inhibits differentiation (including cholinergic differentiation). BMP-2 and BMP-4, in contrast, inhibit cell division and promote differentiation (including cholinergic differentiation). Thus, a single neuronal precursor cell can differentiate into multiple classes of neurons, and this differentiation can be modulated by environmental signals.
Pooled Analysis of the Prognostic and Predictive Effects of KRAS Mutation Status and KRAS Mutation Subtype in Early-Stage Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Four Trials of Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2013)

KRAS mutation status is not significantly prognostic. The potential interaction in patients with codon-13 mutations requires validation. At this time, KRAS status cannot be recommended to select patients with NSCLC for ACT.
Animal Models of Dengue Virus Infection (2012)

The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. Non-human primates (NHPs) can sustain viral replication in relevant cell types and develop a robust immune response, but they do not develop overt disease. In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. Humanized mouse models can sustain DENV replication and show some signs of disease, but further development is needed to validate the immune response. Classically, immunocompetent mice infected with DENV do not manifest disease or else develop paralysis when inoculated intracranially; however, a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines.