gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concept of (Reactive) Compatibilizer‐Tracer for Emulsification Curve Build‐up, Compatibilizer Selection, and Process Optimization of Immiscible Polymer Blends (2017)

Polymer blending is an important method to prepare polymer materials with high performances. However, when it comes to developing a new polymer blend, it is always challenging to develop an appropriate compatibilizer and assess its compatibilizing efficiency due to strong coupling among reaction kinetics (in the case of reactive polymer blending/in situ compatibilization), thermodynamics (interfacial tension, etc.), and thermomechanics (heat transfer, stress, diffusion, viscosity ratio, etc.) during the polymer blending processes. Moreover, the amount of the compatibilizer can be too small to assess its compatibilizing efficiency, especially for industrial processes. The use of the concepts of compatibilizer-tracer and reactive compatibilizer-tracer labeled by fluorescent moieties helps to take up this challenge. In combination with an in-line fluorescent measuring device, they allow establishing the emulsification curve of an immiscible blend (size of the dispersed phase domains as a function of the compatibilizer concentration) even with a very small amount of the compatibilizer. This is done by carrying out transient experiments upon injecting a small amount of the (reactive) compatibilizer-tracer to the extruder as a pulse. The (reactive) compatibilizer-tracer concentration (CC) and the diameter of the dispersed phase domains (DD) as a function of residence time (RT) are measured. The resulting CC and DD are easily converted to the corresponding emulsification curve. Examples are provided to show the potential applications of the concepts of compatibilizer-tracer and reactive compatibilizer-tracer for compatibilizer selection and polymer blending process optimization.
Gene Therapy via Blockade of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for Renal Fibrosis (2004)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, also termed monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF)/CCL2, plays an important role in progressive organ fibrosis. It was hypothesized that MCP-1, through its cognate receptor, CCR2, regulates the pathogenesis and is therapeutically of importance for renal fibrosis. To achieve this goal, the therapeutic efficacy and efficiency in renal fibrosis induced by a unilateral ureteral obstruction nephropathy model in mice by the blockade of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling was studied. The delivery of N-terminal deletion mutant of the human MCP-1 gene, 7ND, into a skeletal muscle ameliorated renal fibrosis by resulting in decrease in the deposit of type I collagen and in reduced expression of TGF-beta. Concomitantly, gene transfer of 7ND reduced the cell infiltration, most of which were CCR2-positive macrophages, followed by the decrease in MCP-1 expression in the diseased kidneys. These observations suggest that MCP-1 through CCR2 signaling is responsible for Mphi recruitment, which augments downstream events, resulting in renal fibrosis. Moreover, these findings imply that gene therapy against MCP-1/CCR2 signaling via the mutant gene transferred strategy may serve a beneficial therapeutic application for renal fibrosis.
Antigen-induced Erk1/2 activation regulates Ets-1-mediated sensitization of CD8+ T cells for IL-12 responses (2009)

The presence of IL-12 during antigen stimulation instructs naive CD8+ T cells for long-term effector responses, but their mechanisms of collaboration are not understood completely. Herein, we report that CD8+ T cells (OT-I T cells) stimulated with antigen for a longer duration show enhanced sensitization to IL-12 as a result of Erk1/2-dependent, increased Ets-1 phosphorylation and subsequent increases in IL-12Rbeta2 expression. Correspondingly, naive OT-I T cells stimulated by antigen for a longer duration in the presence of IL-12, irrespective of frequency of APCs, show robust effector maturation and mount long-term antigen-recall responses upon adoptive transfer. These results identify the role of antigen strength-dependent Erk1/2 activation for Ets-1-mediated collaboration with IL-12 in CD8+ T cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Embedded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

In this communication, a conceptually new approach to the delivery of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is presented. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using silica-embedded iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, where a reduction in signal intensity (increased contrast) in the T2-weighted images is observed. The surface of these particles can be chemically modified by attachment of polyethylene glycol molecules, which are found to reduce nonspecific protein binding. The design of the nanoparticle is universal and flexible and allows for facile addition or interchange of its active components (i.e., MRI contrast agents and targeting moiety) with photodynamic dyes.
Reduction of the inhibitory antibody response to human factor VIII in hemophilia A mice by mutagenesis of the A2 domain B-cell epitope (2004)

Approximately 25% of patients with hemophilia A develop inhibitory antibodies after treatment with factor VIII. Most of the inhibitory activity is directed against epitopes in the A2 and C2 domains. Anti-A2 inhibitory antibodies recognize a 25-residue segment bounded by R484-I508. Several antigenic residues in this segment have been identified, including R484, R489, and P492. The immunogenicity of purified recombinant B domain-deleted (BDD) human factor VIII molecules containing mutations at R484A/R489A or R484A/R489A/P492A was studied in hemophilia A mice. Inhibitory antibody titers in mice receiving the R484A/R489A/P492A mutant, but not the R484A/R489A mutant, were significantly lower than in mice receiving control human BDD factor VIII. The specific coagulant activity and the in vivo clearance and hemostatic efficacy in hemophilia A mice of the R484A/R489A/P492A mutant were indistinguishable from human BDD factor VIII. Thus, the inhibitory antibody response to human factor VIII can be reduced by mutagenesis of a B-cell epitope without apparent loss of function, suggesting that this approach may be useful for developing a safer form of factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A.
A new, cellular automaton-based, nearest neighbor pattern classifier and its VLSI implementation (1994)

A new, parallel, nearest-neighbor (NN) pattern classifier, based on a 2D Cellular Automaton (CA) architecture, is presented in this paper. The proposed classifier is both time and space efficient, when compared with already existing NN classifiers, since it does not require complex distance calculations and ordering of distances, and storage requirements are kept minimal since each cell stores information only about its nearest neighborhood. The proposed classifier produces piece-wise linear discriminant curves between clusters of points of complex shape (nonlinearly separable) using the computational geometry concept known as the Voronoi diagram, which is established through CA evolution. These curves are established during an "off-line" operation and, thus, the subsequent classification of unknown patterns is achieved very fast. The VLSI design and implementation of a nearest neighborhood processor of the proposed 2D CA architecture is also presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultralow Silicon Substrate Noise Crosstalk Using Metal Faraday Cages in an SOI Technology (2004)

Ultralow substrate crosstalk is demonstrated using a novel metal Faraday cage isolation scheme in silicon-on-insulator technology. Over ten times reduction in crosstalk is demonstrated up to 10 GHz, compared to previously reported substrate crosstalk suppression technologies.
Potent anti-CD5 ricin A chain immunoconjugates from bacterially produced Fab' and F(ab')2. (1993)

We have used genetic engineering to obtain secretion of anti-human CD5 antibody fragments from Escherichia coli for conjugation to the 30-kDa form of ricin A chain (RTA30). This was accomplished by introducing stop codons at two positions in the hinge region of the human IgG1 gene so that coexpression of the truncated heavy-chain genes (Fd') with a light chain would result in Fab' and/or F(ab')2 proteins containing either one or two interheavy-chain cysteines. An Fd' gene encoding both interheavy-chain cysteines yielded a mixture of F(ab')2 and Fab', which could be separated by size-exclusion chromatography. An Fd' gene encoding only one interheavy-chain cysteine yielded primarily Fab'. Purified F(ab')2 protein was equivalent to unlabeled chimeric IgG in competing for binding of IgG with CD5 antigen, while the molar concentration of the monovalent Fab' required for 50% binding inhibition was 4- to 5-fold higher than IgG. An immunoconjugate was prepared with Fab' by direct coupling to the unique free cysteine on RTA30. The bivalent F(ab')2 was conjugated to RTA30 after derivatization with the crosslinking agent 5-methyl-2-iminothiolane. These immunoconjugates efficiently killed a CD5+ T-cell line and human peripheral blood T cells.
Stochastic electrotransport selectively enhances the transport of highly electromobile molecules (2015)

Nondestructive chemical processing of porous samples such as fixed biological tissues typically relies on molecular diffusion. Diffusion into a porous structure is a slow process that significantly delays completion of chemical processing. Here, we present a novel electrokinetic method termed stochastic electrotransport for rapid nondestructive processing of porous samples. This method uses a rotational electric field to selectively disperse highly electromobile molecules throughout a porous sample without displacing the low-electromobility molecules that constitute the sample. Using computational models, we show that stochastic electrotransport can rapidly disperse electromobile molecules in a porous medium. We apply this method to completely clear mouse organs within 1-3 days and to stain them with nuclear dyes, proteins, and antibodies within 1 day. Our results demonstrate the potential of stochastic electrotransport to process large and dense tissue samples that were previously infeasible in time when relying on diffusion.
Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults (2015)

Topical NSAIDs provided good levels of pain relief in acute conditions such as sprains, strains and overuse injuries, probably similar to that provided by oral NSAIDs. Gel formulations of diclofenac (as Emugel®), ibuprofen, and ketoprofen, and some diclofenac patches, provided the best effects. Adverse events were usually minimal.Since the last version of this review, the new included studies have provided additional information. In particular, information on topical diclofenac is greatly expanded. The present review supports the previous review in concluding that topical NSAIDs are effective in providing pain relief, and goes further to demonstrate that certain formulations, mainly gel formulations of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen, provide the best results. Large amounts of unpublished data have been identified, and this could influence results in updates of this review.
p53 Regulates the Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Maspin (2000)

Maspin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis in breast tumor cells. Maspin expression was detected in normal breast and prostate epithelial cells, whereas tumor cells exhibited reduced or no expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of maspin expression remains unknown. We report here a rapid and robust induction of maspin expression in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3) and breast tumor cells (MCF7) following wild type p53 expression from an adenovirus p53 expression vector (AdWTp53). p53 activates the maspin promoter by binding directly to the p53 consensus-binding site present in the maspin promoter. DNA-damaging agents and cytotoxic drugs induced endogenous maspin expression in cells containing the wild type p53. Maspin expression was refractory to the DNA-damaging agents in cells containing mutant p53. These results, combined with recent studies of the tumor metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), define a new category of molecular targets of p53 that have the potential to negatively regulate tumor invasion and/or metastasis.
Cerebral Arterial Pulsation Drives Paravascular CSF–Interstitial Fluid Exchange in the Murine Brain (2013)

CSF from the subarachnoid space moves rapidly into the brain along paravascular routes surrounding penetrating cerebral arteries, exchanging with brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and facilitating the clearance of interstitial solutes, such as amyloid β, in a pathway that we have termed the "glymphatic" system. Prior reports have suggested that paravascular bulk flow of CSF or ISF may be driven by arterial pulsation. However, cerebral arterial pulsation could not be directly assessed. In the present study, we use in vivo two-photon microscopy in mice to visualize vascular wall pulsatility in penetrating intracortical arteries. We observed that unilateral ligation of the internal carotid artery significantly reduced arterial pulsatility by ~50%, while systemic administration of the adrenergic agonist dobutamine increased pulsatility of penetrating arteries by ~60%. When paravascular CSF-ISF exchange was evaluated in real time using in vivo two-photon and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, we observed that internal carotid artery ligation slowed the rate of paravascular CSF-ISF exchange, while dobutamine increased the rate of paravascular CSF-ISF exchange. These findings demonstrate that cerebral arterial pulsatility is a key driver of paravascular CSF influx into and through the brain parenchyma, and suggest that changes in arterial pulsatility may contribute to accumulation and deposition of toxic solutes, including amyloid β, in the aging brain.
Functionalized Nanoparticles with Long‐Term Stability in Biological Media (2009)

A surface-engineering approach to produce monodisperse nanoparticles functionalized for conjugations of various biomolecules is described. The oleic acid-capped nanoparticles are modified with triethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride followed by reaction with aminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to render the nanoparticles hydrophilic and display amine groups at the free termini of PEG chains (see image). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cerebrovascular effects of intravenous dopamine infusions in fetal sheep (2002)

Preterm infants are often treated with intravenous dopamine to increase mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). However, there are few data regarding cerebrovascular responses of developing animals to dopamine infusions. We studied eight near-term and eight preterm chronically catheterized unanesthetized fetal sheep. We measured cerebral blood flow and calculated cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) at baseline and during dopamine infusion at 2.5, 7.5, 25, and 75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). In preterm fetuses, MAP increased only at 75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (25 +/- 5%), whereas in near-term fetuses MAP increased at 25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (28 +/- 4%) and further at 75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (51 +/- 3%). Dopamine infusion was associated with cerebral vasoconstriction in both groups. At 25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), CVR increased 77 +/- 51% in preterm fetuses and 41 +/- 11% in near-term fetuses, and at 75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), CVR increased 80 +/- 33% in preterm fetuses and 83 +/- 21% in near-term fetuses. We tested these responses to dopamine in 11 additional near-term fetuses under alpha-adrenergic blockade (phenoxybenzamine, n = 5) and under dopaminergic D(1)-receptor blockade (SCH-23390, n = 6). Phenoxybenzamine completely blocked dopamine's pressor and cerebral vasoconstrictive effects, while D(1)-receptor blockade had no effect. Therefore, in unanesthetized developing fetuses, dopamine infusion is associated with cerebral vasoconstriction, which is likely an autoregulatory, alpha-adrenergic response to an increase in blood pressure.
AtlasNet: A Papier-M\\^ach\\'e Approach to Learning 3D Surface Generation (2018)

We introduce a method for learning to generate the surface of 3D shapes. Our\napproach represents a 3D shape as a collection of parametric surface elements\nand, in contrast to methods generating voxel grids or point clouds, naturally\ninfers a surface representation of the shape. Beyond its novelty, our new shape\ngeneration framework, AtlasNet, comes with significant advantages, such as\nimproved precision and generalization capabilities, and the possibility to\ngenerate a shape of arbitrary resolution without memory issues. We demonstrate\nthese benefits and compare to strong baselines on the ShapeNet benchmark for\ntwo applications: (i) auto-encoding shapes, and (ii) single-view reconstruction\nfrom a still image. We also provide results showing its potential for other\napplications, such as morphing, parametrization, super-resolution, matching,\nand co-segmentation.\n
Coherent averaging technique: A tutorial review Part 1: Noise reduction and the equivalent filter (1986)

Coherent averaging is used to recover the response to repetitively applied stimuli when that response is embedded in random noise, and when the signal/noise ratio is fractional. In this paper the improvement in s/n ratio due to averaging is calculated; it is also shown that averaging acts as a filter which attenuates periodic interference when it is not time-locked to the stimulus; the characteristics of this filter are derived.
Controlled expression and structural organization of a Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage lysin encoded by two overlapping genes (1994)

The phi vML3 bacteriophage lysin is specific for lactococci and could be used to promote enzyme release during cheese manufacture. The level of lysin expression from the cloned gene using its own upstream sequences is very low. Expression in Escherichia coli by using a synthetic hybrid lysin gene and a series of BAL 31 deletions of the original cloned DNA fragment suggested that the start of the gene had previously been incorrectly assigned. Reevaluation of homology between the lysin and Bacillus subtilis PZA protein 15 led to the identification of a new potential ribosome binding site (RBS). A 0.72-kb PCR-generated fragment including this RBS and the complete lysin gene was expressed and inducibly controlled. The translational start of the lysin gene was identified as an isoleucine codon, and this may lead to a low translation rate. During the analysis of the BAL 31 deletion fragments, two proteins of 20 and 8 kDa were shown to be expressed from the originally defined lysin gene. The DNA sequence has a second open reading frame with a good RBS and two potential start methionines. The smaller lysin protein was isolated, and the N terminus was sequenced, confirming that one methionine codon acted as the start of a second gene. The larger lysin protein has homology with lysozymes. The smaller lysin protein has some features resembling those of a holin. The possible roles of these two proteins in lysis of lactococci are discussed.
Polyamines: An Introduction (2003)

Although receiving little attention in biochemical and physiological textbooks, the polyamines have a long history and have accumulated a considerable literature (for reviews see refs. 1–11). In 1678 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (12) described crystals that formed in samples of human semen that had been left to cool. It is now clear that these crystals were spermine phosphate. The phenomenon was rediscovered several times during the next 200 years, in each case the discoverer apparently unaware of what had gone before. By the end of the 19th century there were ten different names for these crystals.
The current state of the drugs for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by anticancer drugs (2010)

近年，がん化学療法の有用性が高まってきたが，タキサン系抗がん剤であるパクリタキセルや白金系抗がん剤であるオキサリプラチンは，末梢神経障害を高頻度で発現し，身体的苦痛から患者の生活の質（Quality of Life: QOL）を著しく低下させるだけでなく，がん治療の変更や中止を余儀なくさせることから，臨床上大きな問題となっている．無作為化二重盲検臨床試験において，オキサリプラチンの末梢神経障害に対しては，カルシウム/マグネシウム静脈内投与，グルタチオンおよびキサリプロデンの有用性が報告されているが，いろいろな理由により臨床現場ではほとんど用いられておらず，パクリタキセルの末梢神経障害に対しては明らかに有用な効果を示す薬物はない．抗がん剤による末梢神経障害動物モデルでは，パクリタキセルは坐骨神経の変性に伴い機械的アロディニアならびに低温知覚異常を発現する．オキサリプラチンは急性期より低温知覚異常を，その後遅発的に機械的アロディニアを発現するが，前者はオキサレート基で後者は白金を含む部分の化合物で発現される．今後は，末梢神経障害の発現機序を明らかにして，予防策や治療法の確立には発現機序に基づいた取り組みが重要である．
DNA‐Catalyzed Formation of Nucleopeptide Linkages (2008)

Joining amino acids and nucleotides: A deoxyribozyme catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of a tyrosine (Tyr) side chain on a 5′-triphosphate RNA, efficiently forming a Tyr–RNA nucleopeptide linkage (see picture). Thus, the scope of known DNA catalysis is further expanded beyond reactions of oligonucleotide functional groups. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703676_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A new experimental metastasis model in athymic nude mice, the human malignant melanoma lox (1988)

The human tumor line LOX was established as an s.c. xenograft in nude mice from a lymph-node metastasis of a patient with malignant melanoma. I.v. injection into adult nude mice of single-cell suspensions prepared from xenografts resulted in progressively growing lung tumor colonies that killed the animals. No difference in colony formation was seen between cells taken from lung colonies and s.c. xenografts. An in vitro cell line, LOX-L, was established from lung colonies, and the monolayer cells, detached with EDTA, retained the same ability to form experimental lung metastases. In a total of 14 experiments, 82 of 89 mice receiving 1 X 10(6) viable tumor cells died with a mean survival time of 34.1 +/- 4.8 days. Long-term passaging in vivo and in vitro did not result in any alteration of the lung-colonizing potential of the LOX cells, whereas trypsinization of the cells before i.v. injection reduced lung colony formation. The life span was inversely related to the number of LOX cells injected, permitting estimation of the cell kill caused by chemotherapy. Mice injected i.v. with the LOX cells showed the same relative response to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and mitozolomide (MZA) as did animals carrying s.c. xenografts. The LOX cells have shown a remarkable stability and similarity to the cells of the patient's tumor with respect to morphology, karyotype and chemosensitivity. The LOX model may be useful for testing effects of therapy on lung micro- and macrometastases, and the activity of antimetastatic agents, as well as for studying mechanisms involved in the metastatic process.