gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal Camera Calibration using Rotation and Geometric Shapes (1993)

This paper describes a simple method for internal camera calibration for computer vision systems. It is intended for use with medium to wide angle camera lenses. With modification it can be used for longer focal lengths. This method is based on tracking image features through a sequence of images while the camera undergoes pure rotation. This method does not require a special calibration object. The location of the features relative to the camera or to each other need not be known. It is only required that the features can be located accurately in the image. This method can therefore be used both for laboratory calibration and for self calibration in autonomous robots working in unstructured environments. The method works when features can be located to single pixel accuracy, but subpixel accuracy should be used if available. In the basic method the camera is mounted on a rotary stage so that the angle of rotation can be measured accurately and the axis of rotation is constant. A set o...
How to Use t-SNE Effectively (2016)

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate unsupervised clustering strategies for data associated with bulk carrier trucks, in the detection of failure patterns in thermal systems.The study of these techniques is important in the field of data-based predictive maintenance with the implementation of machine learning algorithms that allow proper planning of maintenance schedules in freight transport companies.For the development of the thesis, the telemetry devices of the bulk tractor trucks of a Colombian cargo transport company are used as a source of information, which report data in real time of the measurement of variables such as speed, temperatures, state of operation of the vehicle, among others for the year 2020.The history of workshop entries of the fleet of 116 tractor-trailers is also used, where workshop entries for the intervention of thermal systems are analyzed.These data are the input for the evaluation of the grouping strategies proposed in this work.The results start from obtaining the data, preparing them and descriptive analysis to implement dimensionality reduction techniques in the information and subsequently evaluate the behavior of grouping algorithms for the detection of failure patterns that are related to damage in thermal systems.With the development of this work, there is a potential for savings in corrective costs of the fleet in the workshop that points to an adequate management of the fleet in pay-per-use models, leveraging the availability of vehicles in transport operations.
A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF KEYSTROKE LOG DATA FROM A TIMED WRITING TASK (2012)

ABSTRACT The Fall 2007 and Spring 2008 pilot tests for the CBAL ™ Writing assessment included experimental keystroke logging capabilities. This report documents the approaches used to capture the keystroke logs and the algorithms used to process the outputs. It also includes some preliminary findings based on the pilot data. In particular, it notes that the distribution of most of the pause length is consistent with data generated from a mixture of lognormal distributions. This corresponds to a cognitive model in which some pauses are merely part of the transcription (i.e., typing) process and some are part of more involved cognitive process (e.g., attention to writing conventions, word choice, and planning). In the pilot data, many of the features extracted from the keystroke logs were correlated with human scores. Due to the small sample sizes of the pilot studies, these findings are suggestive, not conclusive; however, they suggest a line of analysis for a large sample containing keystroke logging gathered in the fall of 2009.
<title>Monolithic InGaAs-on-silicon shortwave infrared detector arrays</title> (1997)

We have designed and developed 1, 16, 256, and 512 element linear monolithic InGaAs-on-silicon infrared detector array for the 1-3 micrometers SWIR band. A methodology of monolithically integrating InGaAs photodetectors and high density complex CMOS readout electronics all on a single silicon substrate has been developed. The innovation consists of an improved 'selective' epitaxial technique that significantly reduces the misfit dislocation density caused by the severe lattice mismatch between the In<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As photodetector's absorption region and the silicon substrate. The individual pixel size of (40 X 40) and (80 X 80) micrometers <SUP>2</SUP> exhibits room temperature RoA product of 40 to 45 (Omega) - cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The InGaAs photodetectors are operated at a zero bias voltage to eliminate leakage current integration, reduce the 1/f noise, and maintain a uniform bias for light detection. The CMOS readout circuitry for each individual pixel consists of an integrating pre-amplifier, a CDS signal processor, and a voltage to current converter. The column scanner for the linear array is a D type shift register with a master clear signal reset once per frame. The master clock signal shifts the bit through the registers one column per clock cycle. When a pixel is selected, the output signal at the voltage to current converter is coupled to a transimpedance amplifier. This amplifier drives the line capacitance of the output bus line to achieve 25 MHz output speed. Power dissipation of less than 100 mW has been demonstrated for 10 MHz operation.
Oxidation-resistant amorphous TaN barrier for MIM-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ capacitors in giga-bit DRAMs (2002)

We demonstrate that an amorphous TaN layer with no grain boundaries shows a good oxidation-resistant performance after forming and annealing the Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ dielectric of MIM capacitors for DRAM applications at 550/spl deg/C in O/sub 2/ ambient. We fabricated an MIM-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ capacitor with a concave-type Ru storage node on the TaN barrier metal. This showed a contact resistivity of 0.27 k/spl Omega//spl middot//spl mu/m/sup 2/, a capacitance of 20 fF/bit, and a leakage current of 0.9 fA/bit (-1 to 1 V). We further fabricated a crown-type Ru electrode to demonstrate scalability to 0.10 /spl mu/m design rules.
The alternative oxidase (AOX) gene in Vibrio fischeri is controlled by NsrR and upregulated in response to nitric oxide (2010)

Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a respiratory oxidase found in certain eukaryotes and bacteria; however, its role in bacterial physiology is unclear. Exploiting the genetic tractability of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, we explore the regulation of aox expression and AOX function. Using quantitative PCR and reporter assays, we demonstrate that aox expression is induced in the presence of nitric oxide (NO), and that the NO-responsive regulatory protein NsrR mediates the response. We have identified key amino acid residues important for NsrR function and experimentally confirmed a bioinformatically predicted NsrR binding site upstream of aox. Microrespirometry demonstrated that oxygen consumption by V. fischeri CydAB quinol oxidase is inhibited by NO treatment, whereas oxygen consumption by AOX is less sensitive to NO. NADH oxidation assays using inverted membrane vesicles confirmed that NO directly inhibits CydAB, and that AOX is resistant to NO inhibition. These results indicate a role for V. fischeri AOX in aerobic respiration during NO stress.
Hapten-Induced Dimerization of a Single-Domain VHH Camelid Antibody (2009)

Antibodies that recognize small molecule ligands (haptens) provide unique insight into the immune response and frequently serve as biological reagents for the detection of small molecules. While conventional antibodies typically recognize haptens using two variable domains (VL and VH), much less is known regarding how antibodies with a single variable domain recognize small ligands. Here we investigate the binding thermodynamics for an anti-caffeine camelid (VHH) antibody. Surprisingly, a nonconventional binding stoichiometry was observed in which the final complex includes two VHH domains for every caffeine molecule. DeltaC(p) analysis and size exclusion chromatography support this unusual stoichiometry. An apparent consequence of ligand-induced dimerization is that a relatively high affinity (K(b,obs) = 7.1 x 10(7)) is obtained. The binding profiles of three caffeine metabolites, theophylline, theobromine, and paraxanthine, were also investigated. Each ligand maintains a 2:1 stoichiometry while displaying an approximately 50-fold range of observed binding affinities. These results suggest nonconventional mechanisms of hapten recognition are possible with single-domain antibodies.
Origin of Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Role of Periostin (2009)

Cardiac fibroblasts are the most populous nonmyocyte cell type within the mature heart and are required for extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition, generation of the cardiac skeleton, and to electrically insulate the atria from the ventricles. Significantly, cardiac fibroblasts have also been shown to play an important role in cardiomyocyte growth and expansion of the ventricular chambers during heart development. Although there are currently no cardiac fibroblast-restricted molecular markers, it is generally envisaged that the majority of the cardiac fibroblasts are derived from the proepicardium via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. However, still relatively little is known about when and where the cardiac fibroblasts cells are generated, the lineage of each cell, and how cardiac fibroblasts move to reside in their final position throughout all four cardiac chambers. In this review, we summarize the present understanding regarding the function of Periostin, a useful marker of the noncardiomyocyte lineages, and its role during cardiac morphogenesis. Characterization of the cardiac fibroblast lineage and identification of the signals that maintain, expand and regulate their differentiation will be required to improve our understanding of cardiac function in both normal and pathophysiological states.
Failure of Computerized Impedance Plethysmography in the Diagnostic Management of Patients with Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis (1991)

Before a new diagnostic modality can be introduced in clinical medicine, the validity of both a normal and abnormal test result have to be assessed prospectively in an appropriate patient group. We have evaluated the clinical validity of a new computerized impedance plethysmography (CIP) in the diagnostic management of 381 consecutive patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis. In patients with serially normal CIP results, the diagnosis of venous thrombosis was refuted and, consequently, they were not treated with anticoagulant therapy and all were followed up for a period of 6 months to estimate the occurrence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The study was prematurely terminated by the safety monitoring committee because of an unacceptably high incidence of confirmed venous thromboembolism (10 patients, 3.2%; 95% confidence interval: 1.6% to 6%), including 4 episodes of fatal pulmonary embolism. In a subsequent explanatory study using ultrasonography in 29 other symptomatic patients who had at least 2 repeated normal CIP test results, the failure of CIP to detect proximal vein thrombosis was confirmed in 4 patients (14%). The reasons for this failure are probably related to the use of a modified device to measure impedance in the CIP apparatus, resulting in a lower ability to separate patients without venous thrombosis from those with the disease. We concluded that CIP is insensitive for the detection of proximal vein thrombosis and, therefore, not clinically useful in the diagnostic management of patients with suspected venous thrombosis.
Sjögren's syndrome (2005)

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands, primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands. It has been suggested that exogenous agents may trigger SS in genetically predisposed individuals. However, at present, the etiology of SS is far from being understood, and no direct evidence for any of these triggers has been presented. The salivary and lacrimal glands from patients with SS harbor unique and highly selected T- and B-cell populations. Disturbance in glandular cell apoptosis may be one possible explanation for the sicca symptoms in SS. However, discrepancies between glandular destruction and salivary flow give rise to processes causing glandular dysfunction preceding or triggering glandular cell destruction. Recent reports suggested autoantibodies inhibiting neuronal innervation of acinar cells and defective water transport to be implicated in salivary secretion deficiency observed in SS. Several types of autoantibodies have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of SS. However, how the tolerance to these structures is broken down is unknown at present. Studies on B-cell activating factor indicated that diminished apoptosis and disturbed B-cell maturation could be responsible for the occurrence of autoreactive B-cells and B-cell hyperreactivity. B-cell activation may also provide a basis for lymphoma development observed in up to 5% of the patients with SS.
Magnetic nanoparticles as gene delivery agents: enhanced transfection in the presence of oscillating magnet arrays (2008)

Magnetic nanoparticle-based gene transfection has been shown to be effective in combination with both viral vectors and with non-viral agents. In these systems, therapeutic or reporter genes are attached to magnetic nanoparticles which are then focused to the target site/cells via high-field/high-gradient magnets. The technique has been shown to be efficient and rapid for in vitro transfection and compares well with cationic lipid-based reagents, producing good overall transfection levels with lower doses and shorter transfection times. In spite of its potential advantages (particularly for in vivo targeting), the overall transfection levels do not generally exceed those of other non-viral agents. In order to improve the overall transfection levels while maintaining the advantages inherent in this technique, we have developed a novel, oscillating magnet array system which adds lateral motion to the particle/gene complex in order to promote transfection. Experimental results indicate that the system significantly enhances overall in vitro transfection levels in human airway epithelial cells compared to both static field techniques (p<0.005) and the cationic lipids (p<0.001) tested. In addition, it has the previously demonstrated advantages of magnetofection-rapid transfection times and requiring lower levels of DNA than cationic lipid-based transfection agents. This method shows potential for non-viral gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo.
Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents versus Bare-Metal Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2009)

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who were undergoing primary PCI, implantation of paclitaxel-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, significantly reduced angiographic evidence of restenosis and recurrent ischemia necessitating repeat revascularization procedures. No safety concerns were apparent at 1 year. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00433966.)
Large-Scale Synthesis of Nearly Monodisperse CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals Using Air-Stable Reagents via Successive Ion Layer Adsorption and Reaction (2003)

Successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) originally developed for the deposition of thin films on solid substrates from solution baths is introduced as a technique for the growth of high-quality core/shell nanocrystals of compound semiconductors. The growth of the shell was designed to grow one monolayer at a time by alternating injections of air-stable and inexpensive cationic and anionic precursors into the reaction mixture with core nanocrystals. The principles of SILAR were demonstrated by the CdSe/CdS core/shell model system using its shell-thickness-dependent optical spectra as the probes with CdO and elemental S as the precursors. For this reaction system, a relatively high temperature, about 220-240 degrees C, was found to be essential for SILAR to fully occur. The synthesis can be readily performed on a multigram scale. The size distribution of the core/shell nanocrystals was maintained even after five monolayers of CdS shell (equivalent to about 10 times volume increase for a 3.5 nm CdSe nanocrystal) were grown onto the core nanocrystals. The epitaxial growth of the core/shell structures was verified by optical spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and XPS. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the as-prepared CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals ranged from 20% to 40%, and the PL full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) was maintained between 23 and 26 nm, even for those nanocrystals for which the UV-vis and PL peaks red-shifted by about 50 nm from that of the core nanocrystals. Several types of brightening phenomena were observed, some of which can further boost the PL QY of the core/shell nanocrystals. The CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals were found to be superior in comparison to the highly luminescent CdSe plain core nanocrystals. The SILAR technique reported here can also be used for the growth of complex colloidal semiconductor nanostructures, such as quantum shells and colloidal quantum wells.
Crucial Role of Aspartic Acid at Position 265 in the CH2 Domain for Murine IgG2a and IgG2b Fc-Associated Effector Functions (2008)

Replacement of aspartic acid by alanine at position 265 (D265A) in mouse IgG1 results in a complete loss of interaction between this isotype and low-affinity IgG Fc receptors (Fc gammaRIIB and Fc gammaRIII). However, it has not yet been defined whether the D265A substitution could exhibit similar effects on the interaction with two other Fc gammaR (Fc gammaRI and Fc gammaRIV) and on the activation of complement. To address this question, 34-3C anti-RBC IgG2a and IgG2b switch variants bearing the D265A mutation were generated, and their effector functions and in vivo pathogenicity were compared with those of the respective wild-type Abs. The introduction of the D265A mutation almost completely abolished the binding of 34-3C IgG2a and IgG2b to all four classes of Fc gammaR and the activation of complement. Consequently, these mutants were hardly pathogenic. Although oligosaccharide side chains of these mutants were found to contain higher levels of sialic acids than those of wild-type Abs, the analysis of enzymatically desialylated D265A variants ruled out the possibility that very poor Fc-associated effector functions of the D265A mutants were due to an increased level of the mutant Fc sialylation. Thus, our results demonstrate that aspartic acid at position 265 is a residue critically implicated in triggering the Fc-associated effector functions of IgG, probably by defining a crucial three-dimensional structure of the Fc region.
Stereoselectivity of intramolecular dicobalt octacarbonyl alkene-alkyne cyclizations: short synthesis of dl-coriolin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselectivity of intramolecular dicobalt octacarbonyl alkene-alkyne cyclizations: short synthesis of dl-coriolinChristopher Exon and Philip MagnusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 8, 2477–2478Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00346a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00346a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views706Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Towards a Holistic, Yet Gene‐Centered Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles: A Case Study of Human Lung Cancers (2006)

Genome-wide gene expression profile studies encompass increasingly large number of samples, posing a challenge to their presentation and interpretation without losing the notion that each transcriptome constitutes a complex biological entity. Much like pathologists who visually analyze information-rich histological sections as a whole, we propose here an integrative approach. We use a self-organizing maps-based software, the gene expression dynamics inspector (GEDI) to analyze gene expression profiles of various lung tumors. GEDI allows the comparison of tumor profiles based on direct visual detection of transcriptome patterns. Such intuitive "gestalt" perception promotes the discovery of interesting relationships in the absence of an existing hypothesis. We uncovered qualitative relationships between squamous cell tumors, small-cell tumors, and carcinoid tumor that would have escaped existing algorithmic classifications. These results suggest that GEDI may be a valuable explorative tool that combines global and gene-centered analyses of molecular profiles from large-scale microarray experiments.
Caffeine Metabolic Ratios for the In Vivo Evaluation of CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2, Xanthine Oxidase and CYP2A6 Enzymatic Activities (2009)

Phenotyping by probe substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other metabolizing enzymes is widely used to assess the effects of genes, environment and ethnicity on the in vivo metabolism of drugs and environmental chemicals. The caffeine metabolic ratio, in urine, plasma or saliva, has been used extensively as an index of CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), xanthine oxidase (XO) and CYP2A6 enzymatic activities. Phenotyping using plasma or saliva samples to measure the paraxanthine to caffeine (17X/137X) ratio correlates well with many measures of CYP1A2 activity. Various urinary metabolic ratios for caffeine phenotyping have been proposed, but shortcomings have been demonstrated for all the proposed urinary metabolic ratios. Several groups have proposed the urinary ratio of (1-methylxanthine (1X) + 1-methylurate (1U) + 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU)) to 1, 7-dimethylurate (17U) i.e. (1X + 1U + AFMU)/17U as the preferred metabolic ratio for CYP1A2 activity (independent of urine flow rate). There is no consensus on the best urinary metabolic ratio for NAT2, XO or CYP2A6 enzymatic activities. Caffeine has been used by different groups to evaluate the in vivo activity of CYP1A2, NAT2, XO and CYP2A6 in different populations and the effect of many factors on these activities. Caffeine has been also used as a constituent of a "cocktail" to phenotype several enzymes simultaneously. In conclusion, phenotyping using caffeine as a probe substrate may still provide useful assessment of CYP1A2, NAT2, XO and CYP2A6 activities in epidemiologic and drug-drug interaction studies despite the limitations that are associated with its use.
The long-term survival rate of catecholamine-resistant septic shock in Japanese patients who received vasopressin therapy (2009)

In Japanese septic shock patients, vasopressin infusion improved hemodynamic status and reduced catecholamine requirement, and 28-day survival rate was 45%.