gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon increases IgE binding to basophils. (1983)

One of the pivotal manifestations of immediate type hypersensitivity is mediator release from a variety of mediator cells, e.g., mast cells and basophils. The essential step of this process is the binding of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the surface of these cells. In the present studies we examined the influence of human interferon (HuIFN) on the binding of IgE to human leukocytes (basophils). The results of these studies indicate that pre-treatment of leukocytes (basophils) with different types of IFN leads to a pronounced increase in binding of IgE to these cells. These data support the hypothesis concerning a pathogenetic role of IFN in the development of allergy of the immediate type hypersensitivity.
Efficiency of text scanning in bibliographic databases using microprocessor-based, multiprocessor networks (1988)

This paper reports an evaluation of the efficiency of text scanning achievable from a microprocessor-based, multi processing system which uses Inmos transputers. The Boyer-Moore pattern matching algorithm was used to search 35 natural language quenes against a file of 1000 titles and abstracts taken from the Library and Information Science Ab stracts database. A model of searching using a singly-linked chain containing up to 11 transputers was carried out: the maximum speed-up obtained with this size of network was 10.4 with a processor utilization of 0.95, both figures being close to the ideal of 11.0 and 1.0. Expenments with a nearest neighbour searching algorithm for serial document files demonstrate the need to keep the processors fully occupied with computational work if a high degree of speed-up is to be obtained.
Neuregulin 1-ErbB4-PI3K signaling in schizophrenia and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-p110δ inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy (2012)

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and ErbB4, critical neurodevelopmental genes, are implicated in schizophrenia, but the mediating mechanisms are unknown. Here we identify a genetically regulated, pharmacologically targetable, risk pathway associated with schizophrenia and with ErbB4 genetic variation involving increased expression of a PI3K-linked ErbB4 receptor (CYT-1) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase subunit, p110δ (PIK3CD). In human lymphoblasts, NRG1-mediated phosphatidyl-inositol,3,4,5 triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] signaling is predicted by schizophrenia-associated ErbB4 genotype and PIK3CD levels and is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. In human brain, the same ErbB4 genotype again predicts increased PIK3CD expression. Pharmacological inhibition of p110δ using the small molecule inhibitor, IC87114, blocks the effects of amphetamine in a mouse pharmacological model of psychosis and reverses schizophrenia-related phenotypes in a rat neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model. Consistent with these antipsychotic-like properties, IC87114 increases AKT phosphorylation in brains of treated mice, implicating a mechanism of action. Finally, in two family-based genetic studies, PIK3CD shows evidence of association with schizophrenia. Our data provide insight into a mechanism of ErbB4 association with schizophrenia; reveal a previously unidentified biological and disease link between NRG1-ErbB4, p110δ, and AKT; and suggest that p110δ is a previously undescribed therapeutic target for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Ribozymes: From Mechanistic Studies to Applications In Vivo (1995)

The hammerhead ribozyme belongs to the class of molecules known as antisense RNAs. However, because of short extra sequences that form the so-called catalytic loop, it can act as an enzyme. Since the catalytic domain captures magnesium ions and magnesium ions can cleave phosphodiester bonds, hammerhead ribozymes are recognized as metalloenzymes. In general, the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds involves acid/base catalysis, with proton transfer occurring in the transition state. When the possibility of such a proton-transfer process was examined by measuring solvent isotope effects, it became apparent that no proton transfer occurs in the transition state during reactions catalyzed by a hammerhead ribozyme. It is likely, therefore, that hammerhead ribozymes exploit the general double-metal-ion mechanism of catalysis, with Mg2+ ions coordinating directly with the attacking and leaving oxygen moieties. Since the hammerhead ribozyme is one of the smallest RNA enzymes known and has potential as an antiviral agent, thus ribozyme has been extensively investigated for applications in vivo. Ribozymes are described that have possible utility as agents against HIV-1.
Phorbol esters induce synthesis of thromboplastin activity in human monocytes (1981)

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), phorbol 12,13-diacetate and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate were all potent inducers of thromboplastin activity in human monocytes in vitro, whereas 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and 4 alpha-phorbol had no such effect. A concomitant increase in titrable apoprotein III antigen was found (apoprotein III is the protein component of thromboplastin). The increase was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D and partly by alpha-amanitin. The increase of thromboplastin activity was therefore most likely due to synthesis de novo of apoprotein III. The response was approximately halved in the absence of serum or Ca2+. Retinol had a weak inhibitory effect, and retinoic acid was inhibitory only at concentrations that also induced signs of cytotoxicity. TPA caused an initial rise in monocyte cyclic AMP concentration of about 90-120 min duration. No increase in 45Ca2+ influx was induced over 2 h. Good correlation exists between induction of apoprotein III synthesis in monocytes in vitro and mouse skin-tumour promotion in vivo by the various phorbol derivatives. Substances inactive in tumour promotion do not induce the synthesis of apoprotein III. General activating and cytotoxic effects of TPA were monitored by determining release of lysozyme, beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase.
Rapid Screening of Anabolic Steroids in Urine by Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization (2007)

Fast screening for anabolic steroids in whole urine is achieved by combining reactive desorption electrospray ionization (reactive DESI) and tandem mass spectrometry. Spray solutions containing hydroxylamine allow heterogeneous reactions of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of the steroids during the ionization process. Seven steroids, including a glycosteroid, were examined. The ion/molecule reaction adduct and the oxime formed via its dehydration were observed using reactive DESI; the protonated and sodiated forms of the ionized steroid were also observed both in reactive DESI and in DESI performed without the added hydroxylamine reagent. Paper, glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene were tested as sample substrates, but the glycosteroid was ionized intact without hydrolysis only from polytetrafluoroethylene. Limits of detection for the pure compounds were less than 1 ng, dynamic ranges were typically 2 orders of magnitude, and analysis times were just a few seconds. Concentration levels of ketosteroids in raw urine relevant to screening for sports doping (approximately 20 ng/mL) can be reached using a simple solid-phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration step. Reactive DESI provided significant improvements in ionization efficiency of these steroids in raw undiluted urine as compared to conventional DESI; suppression effects due to the sample matrix were minimal and the urine matrix had no deleterious effect on steroid detection limits. Tandem mass spectrometry provided confirmation of analyte identification in this rapid screening process.
Efficient repair of HO-induced chromosomal breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by recombination between flanking homologous sequences. (1988)

Novel recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) in a yeast chromosome was investigated. When the recognition site for the HO endonuclease enzyme is embedded in nonyeast sequences and placed between two regions of homology, expression of HO endonuclease stimulates recombination between the homologous flanking regions to yield a deletion, the apparent product of an intrachromosomal exchange between direct repeats. This deletion-repair event is very efficient, thus preventing essentially all the potential lethality due to the persistence of a DSB. Interestingly, unlike previous studies involving spontaneous recombination between chromosomal repeats, the recombination events stimulated by HO-induced DSBs are accompanied by loss of the sequences separating the homologous regions greater than 99.5% of the time. Repair is dependent on the RAD52 gene. The deletion-repair event provides an in vivo assay for the sensitivity of any particular recognition site to HO cleavage. By taking advantage of a galactose-inducible HO gene, it has been possible to follow the kinetics of this event at the DNA level and to search for intermediates in this reaction. Deletion-repair requires approximately 45 min and is inhibited when cycloheximide is added after HO endonuclease cleavage.
Differential Development of Murine Dendritic Cells by GM-CSF versus Flt3 Ligand Has Implications for Inflammation and Trafficking (2007)

To gain ample numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) for investigation, or for immunotherapy, the culture of DC precursors from bone marrow in either GM-CSF and IL-4 (GM/IL4-DCs) or Flt3L (FL-DCs) has often been used. Despite their common use, the relationship of these culture-derived DCs to those in vivo, and their relative potential for use in immunotherapy, needs further elucidation. In this study we found that in contrast to FL-DCs, highly purified GM/IL4-DCs were larger and more granular, surface Mac-3(+), and were comprised of two populations (CD24(low)CD11b(high) and CD24(high)CD11b(low)). Functionally, although comparable in T cell activation, GM/IL4-DCs produced more inflammatory mediators including TNF-alpha, IL-10, CCL-2, and NO than FL-DCs upon TLR ligation. However, FL-DCs migrated more efficiently to draining lymph nodes after s.c. injection and produced a different profile of cytokines to GM/IL4-DCs. Developmentally, unlike GM/IL4-DCs, FL-DCs cannot be differentiated from CD11b(high)Ly6C(high)Ly6G(-) monocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that the GM/IL4-DCs are the equivalents of the TNF-alpha and inducible NO synthase producing DCs in vivo that emerge after inflammation whereas FL-DCs better represent the steady-state resident DCs. The differences between GM/IL4-DCs and FL-DCs have serious implications for DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies.
Attenuation of cocaine and heroin seeking by μ-opioid receptor antagonism (2013)

These data suggest that GSK1521498, by reducing opioid receptor signaling at the μ-opioid receptor, may have therapeutic potential to reduce the propensity to seek cocaine or heroin and, additionally, to diminish the consequence of an initial relapse to heroin taking.
Web Services Implementation Methodology for SOA Application (2006)

With the popularity of Web services technology and the increase trend of developing service-oriented architecture (SOA) software, there is a need for an implementation methodology for Web services. This paper addresses the SOA application development challenges, identifies gaps in agile software methodology for Web services development, and observes Web services characteristics and its best practices. The contribution of this paper is to extend any existing agile software methodology to include Web services best practices into the agile software methodology.
Ghrelin Effects on the Circadian System of Mice (2007)

The orexigenic peptide ghrelin stimulates both food intake and growth hormone release and is synthesized in the stomach and in hypothalamic areas involved in feeding control. The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) control most circadian rhythms, although there is evidence that some oscillators, such as food-entrainable oscillators, can drive activity rhythms even after SCN ablation. Ghrelin levels exhibit a circadian rhythm and closely follow feeding schedules, making this peptide a putative candidate for food-related entraining signals. We examined the response of the SCN to ghrelin treatments in vitro, by means of electrophysiological and bioluminescence recordings, and in vivo, by assessing effects on the phase of locomotor activity rhythms. Ghrelin applied at circadian time 6 in vitro to cultured SCN slices induced an approximately 3 h phase advance. In addition, ghrelin phase advanced the rhythm of PER2::LUC (Period2::Luciferase) expression in cultured SCN explants from mPer2(Luc) transgenic mice. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin or a synthetic analog, growth hormone-releasing protein-6 (GHRP-6), to ad libitum fed animals failed to alter circadian phase. When injected after 30 h of food deprivation, GHRP-6 induced a phase advance compared with saline-injected animals. These results indicate that ghrelin may play a role in the circadian system by exerting a direct action on the SCN and that the system as a whole may become sensitive to ghrelin and other feeding-related neuropeptides under conditions of food restriction.
Control of mobility in molecular organic semiconductors by dendrimer generation (2001)

Conjugated dendrimers are of interest as novel materials for light-emitting diodes. They consist of a luminescent chromophore at the core with highly branched conjugated dendron sidegroups. In these materials, light emission occurs from the core and is independent of generation. The dendron branching controls the separation between the chromophores. We present here a family of conjugated dendrimers and investigate the effect of dendron branching on light emission and charge transport. We apply a number of transport measurement techniques to thin films of a conjugated dendrimer in a light-emitting diode configuration to determine the effect of chromophore spacing on charge transport. We find that the mobility is reduced by two orders of magnitude as the size of the molecule doubles with increased branching or dendrimer generation. The degree of branching allows a unique control of mobility by molecular structure. An increase in chromophore separation also results in a reduction of intermolecular interactions, which reduces the red emission tail in film photoluminescence. We find that the steady-state charge transport is well described by a simple device model incorporating the effect of generation, and use the materials to shed light on the interpretation of transient electroluminescence data. We demonstrate the significance of the ability to tune the mobility in bilayer devices, where a more balanced charge transport can be achieved.
Antiproteases in preventing the invasive potential of pancreatic cancer cells. (2007)

The process of tumor progression and metastasis involves degradation of the extracellular matrix and is governed by an intricate balance of proteases, their activators and their inhibitors, in which malignant cells are permitted to infiltrate the adjacent structures and gain access to lymph and blood vessels. These proteases can be broadly categorized into three families: matrix metalloproteinases, serine proteinases and cysteine proteinases, all of which have all been implicated in these processes. The presence of neural invasion is often considered to be a poor prognostic sign; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying this propensity for perineural invasion are unknown. We recently researched the relationship between the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and perineural invasion by human pancreatic cancer cells. We also confirmed that NF-kappa B is a part of the signaling pathway from the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in human pancreatic cancer cells, and documented the inhibitory effect of gabexate mesilate, a well-known non-physiological synthetic serine protease inhibitor, for pancreatic cancer invasion. Recent studies on the role of proteases and protease inhibitors in pancreatic cancer invasion are also reviewed.
Confronting Hysteria: A Reply to Fairman and Curtiss (2008)

provide consulting services to Hewitt Associates LLC and ActiveHealth Management related to value-based insurance design, and accept consulting fees and speaking honoraria related to value-
Suture anchor failure strength—An in vivo study (1993)

Suture anchors are increasingly used to secure tendons or ligaments to bone. These devices are applicable for arthroscopic shoulder stabilization and rotator cuff repair. This study reports the in vivo characteristics of four anchors, including one absorbable anchor composed of poly-L-lactic acid. Failure strength and method of failure were recorded for these anchors as a function of time. Samples of four anchors [Mitek G2, Zimmer Statak, Acufex TAG wedge, and the absorbable Arthrex expanding suture plug (ESP)] were implanted into ram femurs and harvested at intervals. Each bone-anchor-suture system was stressed to failure. The failure force and failure method was recorded. Mitek G2 and Statak suture anchors failed consistently at 30 pounds by suture breakage. They had no implantation difficulties. The TAG wedge exhibited suture pull-out and implant flipping at insertion. The TAG wedge failed by suture cut-out, anchor pull-out, and suture breakage. Its average failure strength was initially 16 pounds, but increased to 28 pounds at 2 weeks and reached the 30-pound level by 4 weeks. The ESP poly-L-lactic acid anchors experienced implantation breakage in 20% because of their greater length and composition. At pull-out testing, the ESP failed by suture cut-out, anchor pull-out, and suture breakage. Failure strength was initially 27 pounds, was 17 pounds at 2 weeks, and increased to 30 pounds by 6 weeks. The absorbable ESP does not have initial pull-out strength comparable with the Mitek and Statak suture anchors but does achieve this strength by 6 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rhodium-Catalyzed Imination of Sulfoxides and Sulfides:  Efficient Preparation of N-Unsubstituted Sulfoximines and Sulfilimines (2004)

The Rh(II)-catalyzed imination of sulfoxides and sulfides using [Rh(2)(OAc)(4)] as a catalyst and trifluoroacetamide or sulfonylamides in combination with iodobenzene diacetate and magnesium oxide affords sulfoximines and sulfilimines, respectively, in a stereospecific manner. [reaction: see text]
Gene Transfer into the Nervous System (1988)

Several techniques have been developed that allow the introduction of recombinant DNA molecules into the cells of the nervous system. These methods include DNA uptake (transfection), microinjection of DNA, and infection with viral vectors. Gene transfer can be used for two general purposes: (1) To evaluate the regulation and function of a cloned gene following its modification and introduction into different cell types. Such studies include the definition of the regulatory elements that control levels of gene expression, alternate modes of RNA splicing, post-translational processing of peptides, sorting of proteins to their appropriate cellular locations, and biological activities of proteins. (2) To modify cells of the nervous system in culture and in vivo.
Lipoprotein-like Phospholipid Particles Inhibit the Smooth Muscle Cell Cytotoxicity of Lysophosphatidycholine and Platelet-Activating Factor (1998)

Oxidation of LDL is associated with degradation of phosphatidylcholine into platelet-activating factor (PAF)-like phospholipids and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Exposure of cultured human smooth muscle cells to PAF and LPC in a concentration of 25 micromol/L was found to result in complete cell death, as assessed by the MTT cytotoxicity assay and cell counting. Addition of 50 microg/mL apolipoprotein A-I- and apolipoprotein A-I(Milano)-containing phospholipid particles completely inhibited this cytotoxicity. Phospholipid complexes alone were almost as effective, whereas free apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) and albumin were without effect, suggesting that the effect was phospholipid dependent. Experiments using [14C]LPC demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-I- and apolipoprotein A-I(Milano)-containing phospholipid particles effectively bind LPC. The results show that HDL-like phospholipid particles effectively inhibit the toxic effect of phospholipids and other lipid-soluble factors. The ability of HDL to inhibit the proinflammatory and toxic effects of phospholipids generated during oxidation of LDL may be responsible for part of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL.
Modeling of GE Appliances in GridLAB-D: Peak Demand Reduction (2012)

The widespread adoption of demand response enabled appliances and thermostats can result in significant reduction to peak electrical demand and provide potential grid stabilization benefits. GE has developed a line of appliances that will have the capability of offering several levels of demand reduction actions based on information from the utility grid, often in the form of price. However due to a number of factors, including the number of demand response enabled appliances available at any given time, the reduction of diversity factor due to the synchronizing control signal, and the percentage of consumers who may override the utility signal, it can be difficult to predict the aggregate response of a large number of residences. The effects of these behaviors can be modeled and simulated in open-source software, GridLAB-D, including evaluation of appliance controls, improvement to current algorithms, and development of aggregate control methodologies. This report is the first in a series of three reports describing the potential of GE's demand response enabled appliances to provide benefits to the utility grid. The first report will describe the modeling methodology used to represent the GE appliances in the GridLAB-D simulation environment and the estimated potential for peak demand reduction at various deployment levels. The second and third reports will explore the potential of aggregated group actions to positively impact grid stability, including frequency and voltage regulation and spinning reserves, and the impacts on distribution feeder voltage regulation, including mitigation of fluctuations caused by high penetration of photovoltaic distributed generation and the effects on volt-var control schemes.
Increased pigment and lipid content, lipid variety, and cell and population size of the microalgae Chlorella spp. when co-immobilized in alginate beads with the microalgae-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense (2002)

Three strains of the freshwater microalgae used for wastewater treatment, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana co-immobilized separately in alginate beads with the microalgae-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd, resulted in significant changes in microalgal-population size, cell size, cell cytology, pigment, lipid content, and the variety of fatty acids produced in comparison with microalgae immobilized in alginate without the bacterium. Cells of C. vulgaris UTEX 2714 did not change in size, but the population size within the beads significantly increased. On the other hand, C. vulgaris UTEX 395 cells grew 62% larger, but their numbers did not increase. The population of C. sorokiniana UTEX 1602 increased, but not their cell size. The content of pigments chlorophyll a and b, lutein, and violoaxanthin increased in all microalgal species. The lipid content also significantly increased in all three strains, and the number of different fatty acids in the microalgae increased from four to eight. This study indicates that the microalgae-growth-promoting bacterium induced significant changes in the metabolism of the microalgae.