gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Side-Chain Modifications of Methionine-Containing Elastin-Like Polypeptides as a Versatile Tool to Tune Their Properties (2015)

Tuning the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of temperature-responsive recombinant elastin-like polypeptides has usually been achieved by designing different protein sequences, in terms of amino acid composition and length, implying tedious molecular cloning steps. In the present work, we have explored the chemoselective alkylation of methionine as an easy means to modify elastin repeat side chains and easily modulate the LCST of the polypeptides. Such a versatile synthetic method shall practically be exploited to modulate any properties of recombinant polymers.
Effects of calcium and bile acid feeding on colon tumors in the rat. (1989)

The hypothesis that dietary calcium alters the incidence of colorectal neoplasms was examined in an established model of carcinogenesis. Male Fischer 344 rats (28 days old) were quarantined for 2 weeks. All animals were fed the basal diet (AIN-76) supplemented with cholic acid (0.2%) and/or calcium (1.6%, corresponding to a 3-fold increase above that of the basal diet). N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (2 mg/dose) or saline (control) was given intrarectally to all animals on days 1 and 4 of the experiment. Groups 1-8 were fed the experimental diets concurrently with the first dose of MNU, while groups 9 and 10 were fed the diets 2 weeks prior to MNU (or saline). All animals were sacrificed after 28 weeks. No tumors were observed in the groups given saline (groups 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). In groups receiving MNU, the addition of cholic acid to the diet (group 4) caused a significant increase in tumors (80% versus 55%), tumors/animal ratio (2.24 versus 0.75), and tumors/tumor-bearing animal ratio (2.80 versus 1.36), group 4 versus group 2, respectively. Increased dietary calcium did not inhibit tumor formation; 68% of animals in groups 6 and 10 had tumors. The combination of dietary cholic acid and calcium (group 8) gave a tumor incidence similar to cholic acid (group 4) alone (72% versus 80%, 2.00 versus 2.24 tumors/animal; 2.77 versus 2.80 tumors/tumor-bearing animal). Most tumors were adenomatous polyps but carcinomas in situ and invasive carcinomas were also present; dietary calcium reduced the number of invasive carcinomas (group 6 versus group 2, P less than 0.04).
Preliminary experience with dosimetry, response and patient reported outcome after 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (2016)

Prostate cancer can be targeted by ligands to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). We aimed to evaluate dosimetry, safety and efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Fifteen patients each received two cycles of 3.7 GBq (n = 5) or 6.0 GBq (n = 10) 177Lu-PSMA-617 at an eight to ten weeks interval. For safety monitoring, each treatment was followed by dosimetry with serial quantitative SPECT as well as inpatient and outpatient recording of adverse events. Response to RLT was primarily determined by baseline to follow-up change in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT (RECIST1.1), as well as change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), quality of life (QoL, FACT-P scale), and pain (Brief Pain Inventory) as secondary endpoints.Radiation dose delivered to the tumor (6.1 Gy/GBq) was six to twelve-fold higher than to critical organs (kidney left/right 0.5/0.6 Gy/GBq each, salivary glands 1.0 Gy/GBq). Total radiation dose per kidney did not exceed 23 Gy in any patient. Three patients had sub-acute and latent grade 3 events, i.e. anemia, leukocytopenia, and nausea. No acute events, grade ≥4 events or high grade events for salivary gland or kidney function were observed. After two RLT cycles, 4 (27%) patients had partial response, 6 (40%) had stable disease, and 5 (33%) had progressive disease according to RECIST. Any PSA decline was observed in 12/15 (80%) patients during RLT. Significant pain relief was documented in 7/10 (70%) symptomatic patients and QoL improved in 9/15 (60%) patients.177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy proved safe and indicated promising response rates for both objective and patient-reported outcomes in our small group of mCRPC patients.
Enhanced Butanol Production by Free and Immobilized Clostridium sp. Cells Using Butyric Acid as Co-Substrate (2010)

Toxicity of the effluent generated at the Rajrappa coal mine complex under the Central Coalfields Limited (CCL, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited) in Jharkhand, India was investigated. The concentrations (mg L<sup>-1</sup>) of all the toxic metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd) in the coal mine effluent were above the safe limit suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2003). Among these, Fe showed the highest concentration (18.21 ± 3.865), while Cr had the lowest effluent concentration (0.15 ± 0.014). Efforts were also made to detoxify the effluent using two species of aquatic macrophytes namely "'Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes." After 10 days of phytoremediation, S. molesta removed Pb (96.96%) > Ni (97.01%) > Cu (96.77%) > Zn (96.38%) > Mn (96.22%) > Fe (94.12%) > Cr (92.85%) > Cd (80.99%), and P. stratiotes removed Pb (96.21%) > Fe (94.34%) > Ni (92.53%) > Mn (85.24%) > Zn (79.51%) > Cr (78.57%) > Cu (74.19%) > Cd (72.72%). The impact of coal mine exposure on chlorophyll content showed a significant decrease of 42.49% and 24.54% from control values in S. molesta and P. stratiotes, respectively, perhaps due to the damage inflicted by the toxic metals, leading to the decay of plant tissues.
Acceptance of the wireless microphone as a hearing aid accessory for adults (2007)

In Brief Obstacles to widespread use of FM and other wireless technology are explained and possible solutions presented.
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN OF 3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE DEPENDENT KINASE-1 INHIBITORS AS POTENTIAL ANTI-CANCER AGENTS (2009)

The implementation of PREDICT-CVD was as likely to increase documentation of CVD risk assessment and risk factors in Maori as in non-Maori. However documentation was still low in Maori despite known high prevalence of CVD risk factors. A comprehensive quality-driven implementation programme is recommended, including targeting risk assessment for those most in need.
Global cyclotide adventure: A journey dedicated to the discovery of circular peptides from flowering plants (2010)

Circular peptides and proteins of great number and diversity have been discovered in bacteria, plants, and animals. Cyclotides--disulfide-knotted and head-to-tail cyclized plant peptides that exhibit various bioactivities--are by far the largest group of circular proteins. Since their first discovery over three decades ago, there has been a lot of progress in the elucidation of structural characteristics and applications of cyclotides as novel peptide drug grafting frameworks, but there is a lack of information about their native occurrence in various plant families. The "global cyclotide adventure" was initiated as a plant collection and analysis project to advance our understanding of the origin and distribution of cyclotides in flowering plants. Here, I will provide a chronological overview of the preparation of this project, including background information on plant taxonomy and morphology, summarize, and comment on the recent progress about the discovery of cyclotide-producing plants and will give an outlook on the future of cyclotide analysis and further discoveries to be made.
Phase II trials of single-agent activity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an overview (1995)

A total of 361 patients have been entered into four phase II trials in which gemcitabine was given as a 30 min infusion in a schedule weekly x 3 q4W, at starting doses of 800-1250 mg/m2. Three of these trials produced response rates of 22.5%, 20% and 21.8% (all response rates were independently evaluated by an extramural Oncology Review Board). One small study of 30 evaluable patients produced a disappointing low response rate of 3%, but in this study the mean and median dose delivered was under 700 mg/m2. Gemcitabine was well tolerated with modest levels of traditional cytotoxicities such as myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia. Pooled data from two of the studies show improvement in a number of disease-related symptoms. Objective response rates by prognostic factor were determined: stage IIIa (30.5%), stage IIIb (18.8%), stage IV (19.5%); performance status 0 (31.8%), 1 (16.7%) and 2 (21.7%); female gender (23.5%), male (17.5%); age < 70 (18.6%), age > 70 (21.9%). Gemcitabine can be considered for use as a single agent in patients unable or unwilling to tolerate combination chemotherapy. Dose-response data suggest that a dose of 1000 mg/m2 or more is required for optimal therapeutic effect. The single-agent activity of gemcitabine together with its non-overlapping toxicity and novel mode of action suggest that this agent should also be investigated in combination with other active agents in non-small cell lung cancer.
Analysis of osm-6, a Gene That Affects Sensory Cilium Structure and Sensory Neuron Function in Caenorhabditis elegans (1998)

Mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene osm-6 was previously shown to result in defects in the ultrastructure of sensory cilia and defects in chemosensory and mechanosensory behaviors. We have cloned osm-6 by transposon tagging and transformation rescue and have identified molecular lesions associated with five osm-6 mutations. The osm-6 gene encodes a protein that is 40% identical in amino acid sequence to a predicted mammalian protein of unknown function. We fused osm-6 with the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP); the fusion gene rescued the osm-6 mutant phenotype and showed accumulation of GFP in ciliated sensory neurons exclusively. The OSM-6::GFP protein was localized to cytoplasm, including processes and dendritic endings where sensory cilia are situated. Mutations in other genes known to cause ciliary defects led to changes in the appearance of OSM-6::GFP in dendritic endings or, in the case of daf-19, reduced OSM-6::GFP accumulation. We conclude from an analysis of genetic mosaics that osm-6 acts cell autonomously in affecting cilium structure.
Simultaneous Determination of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-Carboxy- 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Plasma by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Negative Ion Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCA) in human plasma can be simultaneously detected using solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. THC-d3 and THCA-d3 are added as internal standards; protein is precipitated with acetonitrile and the resulting supernatants diluted with 0.1 M sodium acetate (pH 7.0) prior to application to the solid-phase extraction columns. THC and THCA were eluted separately and then pooled, dried under air, and derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and hexafluoroisopropanol. The derivatized THC-d0 gives abundant molecular anions (m/z 410), and the derivatized THCA-d0 gives abundant fragment ions (m/z 422) formed by loss of (CF3)2CHOH from its molecular anion. The recoveries of THC and THCA were 74% and 17%, respectively. The lower and upper limits of quantitation were 0.5 and 100 ng/mL for THC and 2.5 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL for THCA. The within-run accuracy and precision for THC (measured at 0.5, 1, 10 and 75 ng/mL) ranged from 98 to 106% (% target) and 4.1 to 9.5 (%CV), respectively. For THCA, the within-run accuracy and precision (measured at 2.5, 5, 10, and 75 ng/mL) ranged from 89 to 101% and 4.3 to 7.5%, respectively. The between-run accuracy and precision for THC ranged from 92 to 110% and 0.4 to 12.4%, respectively. The between-run accuracy and precision for THCA ranged from 97 to 103% and 6.5 to 12.3%, respectively. In processed samples stored in reconstituted form at -20 degrees C, THC and THCA were stable for at least three days. THC and THCA stored in plasma were stable following three freeze/thaw cycles. THC and THCA in whole blood at room temperature for 6 h, or in plasma stored at room temperature for 24 h, did not show significant change. Storage in polypropylene containers for 7 days at -20 degrees C and the presence of 1% sodium fluoride or the cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR141716, at 1 microg/mL did not interfere with the quantitation of THC and THCA. In three individuals who smoked marijuana under controlled dosing conditions, peak THC concentrations of 151, 266, and 99 ng/mL were seen in the first plasma samples drawn immediately after the end of smoking, and corresponding peak THCA concentrations of 41, 52, and 17 ng/mL occurred at 0.33 to 1 h after cessation of smoking.
Minimizing bandwidth requirements for on-demand data delivery (2001)

Two recent techniques for multicast or broadcast delivery of streaming media can provide immediate service to each client request, yet achieve considerable client stream sharing which leads to significant server and network bandwidth savings. The paper considers: 1) how well these recently proposed techniques perform relative to each other and 2) whether there are new practical delivery techniques that can achieve better bandwidth savings than the previous techniques over a wide range of client request rates. The principal results are as follows: First, the recent partitioned dynamic skyscraper technique is adapted to provide immediate service to each client request more simply and directly than the original dynamic skyscraper method. Second, at moderate to high client request rates, the dynamic skyscraper method has required server bandwidth that is significantly lower than the recent optimized stream tapping/patching/controlled multicast technique. Third, the minimum required server bandwidth for any delivery technique that provides immediate real-time delivery to clients increases logarithmically (with constant factor equal to one) as a function of the client request arrival rate. Furthermore, it is (theoretically) possible to achieve very close to the minimum required server bandwidth if client receive bandwidth is equal to two times the data streaming rate and client storage capacity is sufficient for buffering data from shared streams. Finally, we propose a new practical delivery technique, called hierarchical multicast stream merging (HMSM), which has a required server bandwidth that is lower than the partitioned dynamic skyscraper and is reasonably close to the minimum achievable required server bandwidth over a wide range of client request rates.
Acute kidney graft rejection (1994)

Serial biopsies from 41 consecutive renal allotransplanted patients were evaluated in order to obtain pretransplant data as well as information on well-functioning and acutely rejecting grafts. Each patient served as his own control. Thirty-five patients were followed according to the schedule which included biopsy prior to transplantation, shortly after opening of reanastomosis, at least once postoperatively (days 7-10), and furthermore whenever clinically indicated. The morphological evaluation was in each case combined with immunofluorescence (to detect immunoglobulins and complement fractions) and immunohistochemistry with a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies for T cells (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, gamma delta), B cells (CD20, CD22), macrophages (CD68, MAC387) NK cells (leu-7, CD16), activation markers (IL-2-R, Ki-67, transferrin-R), MHC antigens (HLA-ABC, HLA-DR), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ELAM-1, PADGEM, VLA-4, LFA-1 alpha/beta), and growth factors (EGF, TGF-alpha, EGF-R). When 132 biopsies and 10 failed allografts were examined, no specific morphological or immunohistological parameter predictive of rejection or graft outcome could be found. Morphology in follow-up biopsies from non-rejecting and rejecting patients revealed a continuum of inflammatory changes, and several non-rejecting cases demonstrated cellular inflammatory infiltrates which could not be discriminated from those seen in acute rejection. Of the patients 44% had acute rejection accompanied by increased infiltration of T cells and macrophages showing enhanced IL-2-R expression, increased tubular and endothelial staining for MHC class II, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and strong leukocytic expression of VLA-4 and LFA-1 alpha/beta.
Coordination chemistry and microbial iron transport (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCoordination chemistry and microbial iron transportKenneth N. Raymond and Carl J. CarranoCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 5, 183–190Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50137a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50137a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1313Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza (2005)

he impact of influenza infection is felt globally each year when the disease develops in approximately 20 percent of the world’s population. In the United States, influenza infections occur in epidemics each winter, generally between late December and early March. Recent events, including human cases of avian influenza, have heightened awareness of the threat of a pandemic and have spurred efforts to develop plans for its control. Although vaccination is the primary strategy for the prevention of influenza, there are a number of likely scenarios for which vaccination is inadequate and effective antiviral agents would be of the utmost importance. During any influenza season, antigenic drift in the virus may occur after formulation of the year’s vaccine has taken place, rendering the vaccine less protective, and outbreaks can more easily occur among highrisk populations. In the course of a pandemic, vaccine supplies would be inadequate. Vaccine production by current methods cannot be carried out with the speed required to halt the progress of a new strain of influenza virus; therefore, it is likely that vaccine would not be available for the first wave of spread of virus. 1 Antiviral agents thus form an important part of a rational approach to epidemic influenza and are critical to planning for a pandemic. Four drugs are currently available for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza infections: the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) and the newer class of neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir [Relenza] and oseltamivir [Tamiflu]). The adamantanes interfere with viral uncoating inside the cell. They are effective only against influenza A and are associated with several toxic effects and with rapid emergence of drug-resistant variants. Adamantane-resistant isolates of influenza A are genetically stable, can be transmitted to susceptible contacts, are as pathogenic as wild-type virus isolates, and can be shed for prolonged periods in immunocompromised patients taking the drug. This potential for the development of resistance especially limits the use of the adamantanes for the treatment of influenza, although the drugs still have a place in planning for prophylaxis during an epidemic. The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir interfere with the release of progeny influenza virus from infected host cells, a process that prevents infection of new host cells and thereby halts the spread of infection in the respiratory tract (Fig. 1). Since replication of influenza virus in the respiratory tract reaches its peak between 24 and 72 hours after the onset of the illness, drugs such as the neuraminidase inhibitors that act at the stage of viral replication must be administered as early as possible. In contrast to the adamantanes, the neuraminidase inhibitors are associated with very little toxicity and are far less likely to promote the development of drug-resistant influenza. As a class, the neuraminidase inhibitors are effective against all neuraminidase subtypes t
Filtration of Green Algae and Cyanobacteria by Freshwater Mussels in the Partitioned Aquaculture System (2001)

Abstract.— The freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was provided water containing green algae and cyanobacteria delivered from the Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) at eight flow rates to determine algal filtration rates as mg of particulate organic carbon (POC)/kg wet tissue weight per h. The dominant taxon in cyanobacterial waters was Microcystis while the dominant taxa in green algal waters were Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus . The cell counts of Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus were the only algal taxa that were significantly different between the incoming water and water filtered by mussels. Filtration rates of POC obtained from green algal water were significantly greater than from cyanobacteria‐dominated waters at all flow rates. A significant increase in mean filtration rate was observed as flow rates increased. The filtration rate of green algae increased as POC concentration increased, peaking at 28 mg C/L. A maximum filtration rate was not observed with cyanobacterial waters.
Convex Optimization (2004)

Convex optimization problems arise frequently in many different fields. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, and shows in detail how such problems can be solved numerically with great efficiency. The book begins with the basic elements of convex sets and functions, and then describes various classes of convex optimization problems. Duality and approximation techniques are then covered, as are statistical estimation techniques. Various geometrical problems are then presented, and there is detailed discussion of unconstrained and constrained minimization problems, and interior-point methods. The focus of the book is on recognizing convex optimization problems and then finding the most appropriate technique for solving them. It contains many worked examples and homework exercises and will appeal to students, researchers and practitioners in fields such as engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, finance and economics.
The Light Chain of CD98 Is Identified as E16/TA1 Protein (1998)

The 80/40-kDa CD98 protein complex was purified using an anti-CD98 heavy chain monoclonal antibody coupled to Sepharose beads. Eluted proteins were subjected to preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and protein corresponding to the 40-kDa CD98 light chain was excised. Following proteolysis with trypsin, a peptide fragment was sequenced by mass spectrometry. The nine residues obtained were identical to established C-terminal sequences of the human E16 and rat TA1 proteins, suggesting that TA1/E16 protein is the CD98 light chain. Consistent with this, anti-TA1/E16 antibodies specifically immunoblotted the approximately 35-40-kDa light chain present upon immunoprecipitation of the human CD98 complex. Furthermore, anti-CD98 heavy chain antibody specifically co-immunoprecipitated hemagglutinin-tagged light chain from cells transfected with hemagglutinin-tagged E16 cDNA. In conclusion, the CD98 light chain is identical to the TA1/E16 protein, based on partial amino acid sequence identity, antibody cross-reactivity, genetic reconstitution evidence, similar molecular size, and comparable cell distribution.