gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convenient Syntheses of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoxalines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient Syntheses of 1,2,3,4-TetrahydroquinoxalinesRICHARD F. SMITH, WILLIAM J. REBEL, and THAISA N. BEACHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 2, 205–207Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01084a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01084a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to hydrophilic contact lenses and other substrata (1987)

Nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from corneal ulcers and contact lens cases and solutions were examined for their ability to adhere to polystyrene, glass, and hydrophilic contact lenses of varying water content and polymer composition. Adherence to the various substrates was strain specific. Adherence also was influenced by hydrophobicity and chemical composition of the substratum, as well as pH and electrolyte concentration. An extracellular polymeric adhesive appeared to be involved in the firm attachment of cells to soft contact lenses.
Inactivation of Friend erythroleukemia virus and Friend virus- transformed cells by merocyanine 540-mediated photosensitization (1989)

The Friend virus complex was used as a model to study the effects of merocyanine 540 (MC 540)-mediated photosensitization on enveloped viruses. Simultaneous exposure to the lipophilic dye MC 540 and white light inactivated cell-free virus, cell-associated virus, and virus- transformed cells. When used under experimental conditions that are known to preserve most mature blood cells, at least some coagulation factors, and a significant portion of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell compartment, MC 540-mediated photosensitization reduced virus titers by greater than or equal to 4 log and the concentration of in vitro clonogenic erythroleukemia cells by greater than or equal to 5 log. Animals that received a single intravenous injection of photosensitized virus were resistant to a subsequent challenge with live virus. High sensitivity to MC 540-mediated photosensitization appears to be a property that is shared by other enveloped viruses. Thus, photosensitization mediated by MC 540 may be of benefit in the sterilization of blood products (in particular, cellular products), the production of vaccines, and selected areas of antiviral therapy.
The cold pressor test: effects on sympathetic nerve activity in human muscle and skin nerve fascicles (1989)

Micro-electrode multi-unit recordings of muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSA) involved in cardiovascular homeostasis or skin nerve sympathetic activity (SSA) involved in thermoregulation were made in the right peroneal nerve of 48 healthy volunteers during performance of the cold pressor test, i.e. immersion of one hand in ice water (2 +/- 0.5 degrees C) for 1 min. Eleven subjects underwent the same procedure on a second MSA recording occasion. As a rule, immersion evoked an increase in MSA, with a gradual decrease on emersion. The response showed a wide range of variation between and within subjects; the intra-individual difference between first and second immersion on the same recording occasion was up to sevenfold, and from first to second recording up to fivefold. The increase in MSA correlated with the degree of discomfort from the ice water. In nine subjects with a large increase in MSA on ice water immersion, intracutaneous painful electrical stimulation to a level equalling the discomfort from the ice water was added, but it was not accompanied by any change in MSA. The increase in MSA was accompanied by and correlated quite well with an increase in blood pressure. Intra-arterial blood pressure recordings showed that MSA occurred at pressure levels normally associated with total inhibition of MSA, and that an inverse linear relationship between diastolic blood pressure and MSA at rest was abolished during the ice water immersion. SSA showed no consistent change with ice water immersion. It is concluded that the cold pressor test is a powerful activator of MSA, i.e. baroreceptor-governed vasoconstrictor outflow; that MSA contributes to the blood pressure elevation with this manoeuvre; that MSA operates at another blood pressure level during the manoeuvre and that the baroreflex inhibitory level consequently is changed; and that the response is not a reaction to pain only.
Adult marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells and tissue engineering (2007)

A population of CXCR4(+) lin(-) CD45(-) cells that express SSEA, Oct-4 and Nanog has been identified in adult bone marrow. These cells are very small and display several features typical for primary embryonic stem cells such as: i) a large nuclei surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm; ii) open-type chromatin (euchromatin); and iii) high telomerase activity. These cells were named very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL-SC). The authors hypothesized that they are direct descendants of the germ lineage. Germ lineage, in order to pass genes on to the next generation, has to create soma and thus becomes a 'mother lineage' for all somatic cell lineages present in the adult body. Germ potential is established after conception in a totipotent zygote and retained subsequently during development in blastomers of morula, cells form the inner cell mass of blastocyst, epiblast and population of primordial germ cells. The authors envision that VSEL-SC are epiblast-derived pluripotent stem cells and could potentially become a less-controversial source of stem cells for regeneration.
Rod photoreceptor neurite sprouting in retinitis pigmentosa (1995)

In animal models for retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptors show abnormal distribution of rhodopsin prior to undergoing cell death. To elucidate the steps in degeneration of human photoreceptors, immunocytochemistry was performed on donor retinas from 15 RP patients and five normal subjects. Rhodopsin immunolabeling in the normal retinas was restricted to the rod outer segments. In the RP retinas, rhodopsin was present in shortened rod outer segments and in the surface membranes of the rod inner segments and somata. In regions of photoreceptor death, the surviving rods had sprouted rhodopsin-positive neurites that were closely associated with gliotic Müller cell processes and extended to the inner limiting membrane. Rods and cones in the RP maculas did not form neurites, but the axons of peripheral cones were abnormally elongated and branched. Double immunofluorescence labeling showed that the rod neurites bypassed the horizontal and rod bipolar cells that are normally postsynaptic to rod axons. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rod neurite sprouting in vivo. We were unable to find neurites on degenerate rods in old rds mice, an animal model for RP. The rod neurites in the human RP retinas resemble the long, branched processes formed by rods cultured on Müller cells or purified N-CAM. Neurite growth by surviving rods in the RP retinas may be a response to neurotrophic factor upregulation, loss of inhibitory factors, or changes in molecules associated with reactive Müller cells. Such changes in the retinal microenvironment may impede functional integration of transplanted photoreceptors. The contributions of the rhodopsin-positive rod neurites and abnormal cone axons to the functional abnormalities observed in RP are unknown.
International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits. (2001)

ATP acts as a humoral mediator to control cell function extracellularly. The receptors that mediate the actions of ATP belong to two classes, the metabotropic P2Y receptors and the transmitter-gated, ion channel P2X receptors. This review describes the structure, distribution, function, and ligand recognition characteristics of P2X receptors, which comprise seven distinct subunits that can function as both homo- and hetero- polymers. The pharmacology of P2X receptors is complicated by marked differences between species orthologues. The current nomenclature is based largely on recombinant receptor studies and detailed knowledge of endogenous P2X receptors in native tissues is limited because of lack of good selective agonists and antagonists for each receptor type.
High Porosity Polystyrene Cation Exchange Resins (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Porosity Polystyrene Cation Exchange ResinsIrving M. AbramsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 9, 1469–1472Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51400a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51400a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A new bidirectional algorithm for decoding trellis codes (2002)

A new parallel procedure for decoding trellis codes with a large constraint length is simulated and compared to the bidirectional stack algorithm. The systolic organization of processing units arranged in two mutually connected arrays enables the decoding effort to be unaffected by single correctable bursts of errors whose branch length is not greater than some /spl tau/, where /spl tau/ is not greater than the code memory length. During the course of decoding, the algorithm produces a set of tentative decisions of increasing reliability, until it reaches the final decision. Every tentative decision is composed of a portion of a forward and backward path, connected via a tunnel of length /spl tau/. After each new tentative decision is made, a new set of discarding criteria is produced. According to these criteria, a vast number of partially explored paths is discarded from all the stacks, speeding up the decoding procedure. The results show a significant reduction in decoding effort (measured by the number of extended paths in parallel) compared to known sequential procedures.
Microwave-Assisted Raney Nickel Reduction of Bispidinone Thioketals to N,N′-Dialkylbispidines (2006)

A series of N,N′-dialkyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes was prepared by microwave-assisted reduction of a common dithiolane precursor with Raney nickel, using the corresponding alkanol as solvent. The method avoids the use of hydrazine.
Defective regulation of IFNγ and IL-12 by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS (2000)

These abnormalities in IL-10 regulation were not seen in the relapsing-remitting form of MS. Thus, the defect in regulation of both IL-12 and IFNgamma production by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS could be an important factor involved in the transition of MS from the relapsing to the progressive stage and has implications for treating MS patients with exogenous IL-10.
Cytokine Modulation in Experimental Endotoxemia: Characterization of an ex vivo Whole Blood Model (2000)

A new model was developed to study cytokine regulation and modulation in whole blood ex vivo. The model is characterized by stable leukocyte counts and high leukocyte viability throughout the experimental period. Oxygen consumption per time decreased slowly, whereas carbon dioxide partial pressure increased accordingly throughout the experiment. In this model, the anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL)-4, rhIL-10 and rhIL-13 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated (10 ng/ml) leukocytes were examined and compared by measuring their ability to inhibit the release and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta. rhIL-10 potently inhibited the release of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta in a potent and dose-dependent manner, but did not influence the mRNA levels of these cytokines in CD14-positive cells. Also, rhIL-4 and rhIL-13 inhibited the release of IL-6 and IL-1beta in a potent and dose-dependent manner, however, stronger maximal inhibition of IL-1beta (85%) than of IL-6 (60%) was obtained. In contrast, rhIL-4 and rhIL-13 seemed to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plasma values of TNF-alpha. The effects of 10 ng/ml LPS showed to be signalling through the CD14 receptor, since blood treated with a monoclonal anti-CD14 antibody did not produce any TNF-alpha. The whole blood model described in this study is in our opinion a useful tool for investigating immunomodulating effects on a mixed white blood cell population.
Comparative Study of Selected Coupling Reagents in Dipeptide Synthesis (1993)

Abstract A comparative study of the effectiveness of selected coupling reagents in dipeptide synthesis was conducted. Included in the study were a new coupling reagent, pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate (FDPP, 1), benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP, 2), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU, 3), and isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF, 4). We found that BOP (2) afforded the highest yields and lowest limits of racemization.
Neuronal Protection from Cerebral Ischemia by Synthetic Fibronectin Peptides to Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules (1996)

Leukocytes play an important role in the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated that a mixture of synthetic fibronectin peptides to leukocyte adhesion molecules reduces ischemic brain damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the individual peptides on leukocyte accumulation, infarct size, and neurological outcome in rats subjected to 1 h of cerebral ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion. Thirty-five animals were divided into five groups: transient ischemia without treatment (Group I), treatment with arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide (Group II), connecting segment (CS)-1 peptide (Group III), fibronectin (FN)-C/H-V peptide (Group IV), and scrambled FN-C/H-V peptide (Group V). Groups III and IV showed a significant decrease in the degree of leukocyte infiltration in the lesion and in the infarct size (p < 0.05) when compared to Groups I, II, and V. The neurological grade of Groups III and IV was significantly better than in Groups I, II, and V at 48 h after reperfusion (p < 0.01). Thus, in addition to demonstrating the potential efficacy of synthetic peptides as therapeutic agents for ischemia-reperfusion, these results also offer new insights into the mechanisms of leukocyte arrest and recruitment in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Effect of antenna size on OTS signal scintillations and their seasonal dependence (1983)

The letter reports on OTS BO carrier fluctuations which have been concurrently measured with two antennas of different aperture sizes for nearly one year. Monthly cumulative distributions of the signal variances clearly show a predominance of scintillations to occur during summer. From the signal variances measured concurrently, the altitude of the turbulent layer is derived which varies with water vapour density and ground temperature.
Fast Transforms for Rapid Isolation of Misfiring Cylinders (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a method for the isolation of misfiring cylinders in an internal combustion engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The method is based on the measurement of the extrema of engine angular velocity. It has been shown that a number of indices can be derived from such a measurement, to provide an indication of engine performance degradation. In this study, an onboard microprocessor-based instrument samples the extrema of the engine velocity waveform in real time, generating an N or 2N vector representing each engine cycle, where N is the number of cylinders.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The data is processed by matrix transformations which are designed to isolate specific faults and their intensity. The transforms are constructed in such a way as to yield a nonzero output only when a certain fault is encountered.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The system is capable of detecting individual or multiple cylinder misfires, both complete and partial. Experimental verification has been carried out in a passenger vehicle.&lt;/div&gt;
Growth hormone therapy and risk of recurrence/progression in intracranial tumors: a meta-analysis (2015)

Growth hormone deficiency is common in intracranial tumors, which is usually treated with surgery and radiotherapy. A number of previous studies have investigated the relationship between the growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) and risk of tumor recurrence/progression; however, the evidence remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to estimate the potential relation between GHRT and intracranial tumors recurrence/progression. Three comprehensive databases, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, were researched with no limitations, covering all published studies till the end of July, 2014. Reference lists from identified studies were also screened for additional database. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by fixed-effects models for estimation. Fifteen eligible studies, involving more than 2232 cases and 3606 controls, were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that intracranial tumors recurrence/progression was not associated with GHRT (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39-0.56), and for children, the pooled RR was 0.44 and 95% CI was 0.34-0.54. In subgroup analysis, risks of recurrence/progression were decreased for craniopharyngioma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, glioma, but not for pituitary adenomas, and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), ependymoma. Results from our analysis indicate that GHRT decreases the risk of recurrence/progression in children with intracranial tumors, craniopharyngioma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, or glioma. However, GHRT for pituitary adenomas, NFPA, and ependymoma was not associated with the recurrence/progression of the tumors. GH replacement seems safe from the aspect of risk of tumor progression.
Smoking increases conversion of lactate to glucose during submaximal exercise (1996)

We examined the hypotheses that 1) smoking acutely before exercise (AS) results in a higher rate of lactate production during exercise compared with chronic smoking with preexercise abstinence (CS) and 2) smokers have a higher rate of lactate conversion to glucose during exercise compared with nonsmokers (NS). To test our hypotheses, seven male smokers and seven nonsmokers were studied by using a primed continuous infusion of [3-13C]lactate during 90 min of rest and 60 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 50% peak O2 consumption; smokers were studied twice: once after an overnight smoking abstinence and once after smoking three cigarettes before exercise. The rates of lactate appearance and conversion to glucose were increased markedly with exercise compared with rest in all groups (P < 0.05); the rate of lactate appearance for AS was significantly greater (7.87 +/- 0.77 mg.kg-1.min-1) than for both CS (4.64 +/- 0.33 mg.kg-1.min-1) and NS (5.57 +/- 0.60 mg.kg-1.min-1) (P < 0.05). The rate of lactate conversion to glucose was similar between CS and AS (6.49 +/- 1.82 and 6.30 +/- 1.69 mg.kg-1.min-1, respectively) during exercise; NS had a significantly lower rate (3.31 +/- 0.90 mg.kg-1.min-1) compared with CS and AS (P < 0.05). In summary, acute smoking increases lactate flux during exercise; in addition, smokers have a higher rate of lactate to glucose conversion during exercise compared with nonsmokers, which may indicate an increased glucose dependency.
Vitrimers: permanent organic networks with glass-like fluidity (2015)

Most covalent adaptable networks give highly interesting properties for material processing such as reshaping, recycling and repairing. Classical thermally reversible chemical cross-links allow for a heat-triggered switch between materials that behave as insoluble cured resins, and liquid thermoplastic materials, through a fully reversible sol-gel transition. In 2011, a new class of materials, coined vitrimers, was introduced, which extended the realm of adaptable organic polymer networks. Such materials have the remarkable property that they can be thermally processed in a liquid state without losing network integrity. This feature renders the materials processable like vitreous glass, not requiring precise temperature control. In this mini-review, an overview of the state-of-the-art in the quickly emerging field of vitrimer materials is presented. With a main focus on the chemical origins of their unique thermal behavior, the existing chemical systems and their properties will be discussed. Furthermore, future prospects and challenges in this important research field are highlighted.
Three-Dimensional Photoacoustic Endoscopic Imaging of the Rabbit Esophagus (2015)

We report photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopic images of two intact rabbit esophagi. To investigate the esophageal lumen structure and microvasculature, we performed in vivo and ex vivo imaging studies using a 3.8-mm diameter photoacoustic endoscope and correlated the images with histology. Several interesting anatomic structures were newly found in both the in vivo and ex vivo images, which demonstrates the potential clinical utility of this endoscopic imaging modality. In the ex vivo imaging experiment, we acquired high-resolution motion-artifact-free three-dimensional photoacoustic images of the vasculatures distributed in the walls of the esophagi and extending to the neighboring mediastinal regions. Blood vessels with apparent diameters as small as 190 μm were resolved. Moreover, by taking advantage of the dual-mode high-resolution photoacoustic and ultrasound endoscopy, we could better identify and characterize the anatomic structures of the esophageal lumen, such as the mucosal and submucosal layers in the esophageal wall, and an esophageal branch of the thoracic aorta. In this paper, we present the first photoacoustic images showing the vasculature of a vertebrate esophagus and discuss the potential clinical applications and future development of photoacoustic endoscopy.