gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Cell Shape and Function (1994)

An elastomeric stamp, containing defined features on the micrometer scale, was used to imprint gold surfaces with specific patterns of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols and, thereby, to create islands of defined shape and size that support extracellular matrix protein adsorption and cell attachment. Through this technique, it was possible to place cells in predetermined locations and arrays, separated by defined distances, and to dictate their shape. Limiting the degree of cell extension provided control over cell growth and protein secretion. This method is experimentally simple and highly adaptable. It should be useful for applications in biotechnology that require analysis of individual cells cultured at high density or repeated access to cells placed in specified locations.
Lignin Esters for Use in Unsaturated Thermosets:  Lignin Modification and Solubility Modeling (2005)

Kraft lignins from hardwood and softwood were esterified with several anhydrides to alter their solubility behavior in nonpolar solvents, such as styrene-containing thermoset resins. The esterification reaction was facile, it reduced the amount of waste products, and can be readily scaled up. Increasing the carbon chain length on the ester group improved the solubility of kraft lignin in nonpolar solvents, with butyrated lignin being completely soluble in styrene. Esterification with unsaturated groups such as methacrylic anhydride, improved the solubility to a lesser extent than the saturated analogues. The solubility behavior of the modified lignin was described using the Flory-Huggins solubility theory, combined with the predictive method of Hoy. The main goal to obtain a styrene soluble kraft lignin that could be used in unsaturated polyesters and vinyl esters was achieved with fully butyrated kraft lignin and a butyrated/methacrylated kraft lignin. The solubility of the latter is governed by the butyrate/methacrylate ratio. The reaction rate constants for the butyration and methacrylation reactions were also determined and the aromatic hydroxyl groups were found to be consistently three times more reactive than the aliphatic ones.
A Review of Eye Gaze in Virtual Agents, Social Robotics and HCI: Behaviour Generation, User Interaction and Perception (2015)

Abstract A person's emotions and state of mind are apparent in their face and eyes. As a Latin proverb states: ‘The face is the portrait of the mind; the eyes, its informers’. This presents a significant challenge for Computer Graphics researchers who generate artificial entities that aim to replicate the movement and appearance of the human eye, which is so important in human–human interactions. This review article provides an overview of the efforts made on tackling this demanding task. As with many topics in computer graphics, a cross‐disciplinary approach is required to fully understand the workings of the eye in the transmission of information to the user. We begin with a discussion of the movement of the eyeballs, eyelids and the head from a physiological perspective and how these movements can be modelled, rendered and animated in computer graphics applications. Furthermore, we present recent research from psychology and sociology that seeks to understand higher level behaviours, such as attention and eye gaze, during the expression of emotion or during conversation. We discuss how these findings are synthesized in computer graphics and can be utilized in the domains of Human–Robot Interaction and Human–Computer Interaction for allowing humans to interact with virtual agents and other artificial entities. We conclude with a summary of guidelines for animating the eye and head from the perspective of a character animator.
Electromagnetic fields in a radio-frequency induction plasma (1993)

The electromagnetic fields which drive a radio-frequency induction plasma are both modeled and measured. The plasma source consists of a planar, square coil separated from a low pressure plasma chamber by a 2.54-cm-thick quartz window. A small loop antenna, which is sealed in a pyrex tube, is immersed in the discharge to determine the magnitude and direction of the rf magnetic field. The measured B field is primarily radial and axial. Typical rf field strengths vary from 2 to 7 G for rf powers of 0.1–1 kW. The radial B field decays exponentially in the axial direction. The skin depth of the electromagnetic field is 1.6–3.6 cm which is consistent with Langmuir probe measured ion densities (typically 3×1011 cm−3) in argon. Invoking Maxwell’s equations to deduce the rf electric field from the measured B field, we find the E field to be primarily azimuthal. Peak field strengths increase from 100 V/m at 100 W to 200 V/m at 600 W where they saturate for higher powers. Finally, we present a 3D finite element solution for the fields produced by this plasma source which employs a cold, collisionless plasma model to relate the relative plasma permittivity εr to the electron plasma frequency, ωpe, using εr=1−(ωpe/ω)2. The measured fields support this numerical solution.
Multiplexed Fiber Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Sensors Based on Ultrashort Bragg Gratings (2007)

This letter reports a fiber Fabry-Peacuterot interferometer sensor formed by two closely spaced ultrashort uniform Bragg gratings within fiber core. The sensor has insertion loss as low as 0.002 dB which enables a considerable increase in the sensor's multiplexing capability. Fifty sensors are experimentally multiplexed along a single fiber using a frequency-division-multiplexing method. The potential of multiplexing more than 500 sensors is theoretically expected. The sensor's application in temperature and strain measurement is also investigated
Inhibition of Cholesterol Synthesis and Cell Growth by 24(R, S),25-Iminolanosterol and Triparanol in Cultured Rat Hepatoma Cells (1989)

24(R,S),25-Iminolanosterol (IL) and triparanol added to cultures of rat hepatoma cells, H4-II-C3 (H4), interrupt the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol and, depending on their concentrations, cause the accumulation in the cells of intermediates in the lanosterol to cholesterol conversion. At 45 microM, both substances cause the accumulation of 5 alpha-cholesta-8(9),24-dien-3 beta-ol (zymosterol), and at the low concentration of 4.5 microM, they cause the accumulation of cholesta-5.24-dien-3 beta-ol (desmosterol). The effect of intermediate concentrations of 9 or 22.5 microM of either substance is to cause the accumulation in the cells of three sterols: cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol, zymosterol, and desmosterol. The synthesis of these intermediary sterols, not found normally in H4 cells, is particularly pronounced in cultures kept in lipid-depleted media that contain the inhibitors and proceeds by the use of endogenous substrates at the expense of cholesterol. The synthesis of cholesterol from [14C]acetate or [2-14C]mevalonate is completely blocked by either inhibitor even at 4.5 microM. IL or triparanol inhibits the growth of H4 cells. Cells seeded into either full growth or lipid-depleted medium containing 22.5 microM IL will not grow unless the media are supplemented with low density lipoproteins (60 micrograms/ml). Supplementation of the media with 4.6 mM mevalonate does not counteract the inhibitory effect of IL on cell growth.
Functions of the two adenovirus early E1A proteins and their conserved domains in cell cycle alteration, actin reorganization, and gene activation in rat cells (1989)

Rat embryo cells were infected with adenovirus type 5 mutants that code for only one of the two early E1A proteins, mutants with defects in one of the two conserved regions common to the two proteins, or mutants with defects in the 46-amino-acid region unique to the 289-amino-acid E1A protein. Cells were scored for altered cell cycle progression, disruption of actin stress fibers, and activation of E2A expression. Mutants lacking either E1A protein were able to cause all of these effects; but mutants lacking a 243-amino-acid protein had less effect, and mutants lacking a 289-amino-acid protein much less effect, than wild-type virus. A mutation in any of the three conserved regions caused a defect in each E1A effect. To investigate the reported function of conserved domain 2 in mitosis, we monitored by fluorescence-activated cell sorter the reduction in Hoechst 33342 fluorescence that occurs when cells divide after undergoing a round of DNA replication in 5-bromodeoxyuridine. A smaller percentage of adenovirus-infected cells than mock-infected cells divided within a given period after completing a round of DNA replication. Viruses with mutations in conserved domain 2 were defective for initiation of cellular DNA replication, as were all other E1A mutants we have examined, but had no specific defect in cell division compared with wild-type virus. Thus, although there may be some specialization of function between the two E1A proteins and between their conserved domains, it was not apparent in the aspects of E1A function and the mutants that we examined.
Up-regulation of Caveolae and Caveolar Constituents in Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells (1998)

Cancer chemotherapy often results in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), which is commonly associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a plasma membrane drug efflux ATPase. It was shown recently that glycosphingolipids are elevated in MDR cells. Sphingolipids are major constituents of caveolae and of detergent-insoluble, glycosphingolipid-rich membrane domains. Here we report that multidrug-resistant HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells exhibit a 12-fold overexpression of caveolin-1, a 21-kDa coat/adaptor protein of caveolae. Similar observations were made in adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Caveolin-2 expression is also up-regulated in MCF-7-AdrR cells, but neither caveolin-1 nor caveolin-2 were detected in MCF-7 cells stably transfected with P-gp. The up-regulation of caveolins is associated with a 5-fold increase in the number of caveolae-like structures observed in plasma membrane profiles of HT-29-MDR cells and with the appearance of a comparable number of caveolae in MCF-7-AdrR cells. A significant fraction (approximately 40%) of cellular P-gp is localized in low density detergent-insoluble membrane fractions derived from either HT-29-MDR or MCF-7-AdrR cells. The distribution of recombinant P-gp in stably transfected MCF-7 cells was similar, even though these cells do not express caveolins and are devoid of caveolae. The possibility that caveolae contribute to the multidrug resistance and thus are co-selected with P-gp during the acquisition of this phenotype is discussed.
Simultaneous hot-hole injection at drain and source for efficient erase and excellent endurance in SONOS flash EEPROM cells (2003)

An efficient erase technique is presented for SONOS EEPROM cells, using the concomitant hot-hole injection (HHI) at the drain and the source. Electrons trapped during the programming are thus fully eliminated throughout the entire channel, securing thereby a satisfactory cell endurance behavior. Additionally in the present HHI scheme the voltage applied at the common bulk terminal enables efficient erase in the entire erase sector. Also, HHI is quantitatively shown much more efficient for erase, compared with Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling. Finally, the elimination of trapped electrons throughout the entire channel is shown crucial for achieving a satisfactory cell endurance behavior.
Monitoring Ingress of Moisture in Structural Concrete Using a Novel Optical-Based Sensor Approach (2006)

The detection of moisture ingress in concrete is important for structural monitoring and in this work is realised by monitoring the shift in the characteristic wavelength of a fibre Bragg grating-based sensor. The sensor relies upon a moisture-sensitive polymer layer deposited on the fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and the strain induced on it as a result of polymer swelling is monitored. Moisture ingress experiments were carried out using two such optical fibre sensors, placed at varying distances from the edge of the face of standard concrete cubes to the inner part of the concrete sample and subjected to water at a constant temperature. Information on the properties of different types of concrete and thus potentially on the migration of dissolved salts and their effect on reinforcement bars within concrete can be obtained.
A phase I study of the somatostatin analogue somatuline in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (1995)

A continuous intravenous infusion of 24 mg/day of somatuline is well tolerated and could be evaluated in other types of cancer or possibly in less advanced prostate cancer, but no clinical activity was noted at this dose in patients with advanced metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Determination of total and merecaptothanol-resistant antibody in the same serum sample. (1970)

A method to determine the titre of total and mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody with a single serum dilution is described. This technique is particularly useful when experiments require multiple bleedings from small animals, as it reduces their blood loss by half.
Label-Free Biomedical Imaging With Mid-IR Spectroscopy (2012)

IR absorption imaging, especially using Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) imaging spectrometers, is an emerging modality for biomedical applications. As opposed to current techniques that largely utilize dyes or stains for microscopy, IR imaging promises label-free molecular analysis and recognition of important biochemical markers using computational methods that do not need human supervision. Here, we first provide an overview of this chemical imaging technology and discuss a number of important recent advances. We especially underscore how advances in instrumentation, data processing/handling, and theory are changing or opening new application areas. A variety of basic science applications and efforts towards clinical translation are discussed.
Dynamic thread assignment on heterogeneous multiprocessor architectures (2006)

In a multi-programmed computing environment, threads of execution exhibit different runtime characteristics and hardware resource requirements. Not only do the behaviors of distinct threads differ, but each thread may also present diversity in its performance and resource usage over time. A heterogeneous chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture consists of processor cores and caches of varying size and complexity. Prior work has shown that heterogeneous CMPs can meet the needs of a multi-programmed computing environment better than a homogeneous CMP system. In fact, the use of a combination of cores with different caches and instruction issue widths better accommodates threads with different computational requirements.A central issue in the design and use of heterogeneous systems is to determine an assignment of tasks to processors which better exploits the hardware resources in order to improve performance. In this paper we argue that the benefits of heterogeneous CMPs are bolstered by the usage of a dynamic assignment policy, i.e., a runtime mechanism which observes the behavior of the running threads and exploits thread migration between the cores. We validate our analysis by means of simulation. Specifically, our model assumes a combination of Alpha EV5 and Alpha EV6 processors and of integer and floating point programs from the SPEC2000 benchmark suite. We show that a dynamic assignment can outperform a static one by 20% to 40% on average and by as much as 80% in extreme cases, depending on the degree of multithreading simulated.
Insecticidal Promise of Bacillus thuringiensis (1992)

Journal Article Insecticidal Promise of Bacillus thuringiensis: Facts and mysteries about a successful biopesticide Get access Bart Lambert, Bart Lambert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marnix Peferoen Marnix Peferoen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 42, Issue 2, February 1992, Pages 112–122, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311652 Published: 01 February 1992
Safety data and patterns of progression in met diagnostic subgroups in OAM4558g; A phase II trial evaluating MetMAb in combination with erlotinib in advanced NSCLC. (2011)

7604 Background: MetMAb (M) is a monovalent monoclonal antibody that blocks HGF-induced Met signaling. A Phase II double-blinded, randomized trial of MetMAb+erlotinib (M+E) or placebo+erlotinib (P+E) in 2nd- and /3rd- line NSCLC was recently completed. The M+E arm demonstrated both PFS and OS advantages in the c-Met IHC expression positive 2+ /3+ (Met Dx+) patients only. Methods: Adverse events (AEs) were assessed for MetMAb related toxicities. In addition to AEs, tumor growth rate and onset of new lesions were evaluated to understand their potential contribution to the clinical outcomes. Results: In the M+E arm, median cycles of M were higher in Met Dx+ vs. Met Dx- pts (4 vs. 2) as were median E doses (61 vs. 42 respectively). Overall pattern of AEs were similar in the two treatment arms, with the exception of peripheral edema which was higher on M+E; regardless of c-Met expression levels. Time to onset of any Grade ≥3 AE in M+E treated patients was also similar across groups. In the Met Dx- group, Grade 3 AEs on M+E were higher than on P+E (56% vs. 35%), but the rate was similar to that observed for Met Dx+ pts on M+E (57%) or P+E (53%). AEs leading to death were highest in Met Dx- pts on M+E (n=5), whereas the number of AEs leading to treatment discontinuation was highest in Met Dx+ pts on M+E (n=6): no consistent patterns were observed for either. The rate of tumor growth was not significantly different between treatment arms or Met sub groups. 55% of Met Dx+ pts progressed with new lesions vs 43% of Met Dx- (P+E), but the addition of M had no effect on this rate. The power to detect a difference is limited by the number of subjects in the study, ie., 65 with Met Dx+ (35 on M+E and 30 on P+E) and 56 with Met Dx- (27 on M+E and 29 on P+E). Conclusions: The combination of M+E did not substantially alter the safety profile of erlotinib and differences in AEs do not clearly explain the PFS and OS outcomes observed in Met Dx subgroups on M+E. Furthermore, the addition of M to E in Met Dx- patients did not appear to alter tumor growth rates or patterns of disease progression.
NUCLEAR PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, 1939-1963 (1966)

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNED WITH ALL NUCLEAR METHODS APPLICABLE TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING AND OPERATION IS PRESENTED. THE INSPECTION OF WELDS OF METAL HIGHWAY STRUCTURES IS NOT INCLUDED. ITEMS ARE GROUPED ACCORDING TO THE YEAR OF PUBLICATION, AND ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY WITHIN EACH GROUP.
Anti-CD40 Ligand Antibody Treatment of SNF1 Mice with Established Nephritis: Preservation of Kidney Function (1998)

Prior studies have demonstrated that treatment of young, prenephritic lupus-prone mice with Ab directed against CD40 ligand (CD40L) prolongs survival and decreases the incidence of severe nephritis. In this report, we show that for (SWR x NZB)F1 (SNF1) animals with established lupus nephritis, long-term treatment with anti-CD40L beginning at either 5.5 or 7 mo of age prolonged survival and decreased the incidence of severe nephritis. "Older" mice were chosen for these studies to more closely resemble the clinical presentation of patients with established renal disease. We show that age at the start of treatment, which typically correlates with severity of disease, is an important factor when determining an efficacious therapeutic protocol since animals that began treatment at 7 mo of age required a more aggressive treatment protocol than animals at 5.5 mo of age. Remarkably, several anti-CD40L-treated animals beginning treatment at age 5.5 mo demonstrated a decline in proteinuria, as opposed to increasing proteinuria levels seen in hamster IgG (HIg)-treated controls, and histologic examination of kidneys from anti-CD40L-treated mice revealed dramatically diminished inflammation, sclerosis/fibrosis, and vasculitis, in marked contrast to the massive inflammation and kidney destruction observed in control animals that received hamster IgG. Spleens from anti-CD40L-treated mice also exhibited markedly reduced inflammation and fibrosis compared with controls. Together, these results show that treatment of older, nephritic SNF1 animals with long-term anti-CD40L immunotherapy significantly prolongs survival, reduces the severity of nephritis, and diminishes associated inflammation, vasculitis, and fibrosis.
A CMOS/Thin-Film Fluorescence Contact Imaging Microsystem for DNA Analysis (2010)

A hybrid CMOS/thin-film microsystem for fluorescence contact imaging is presented. The microsystem integrates a high-performance optical interference filter and a 128 × 128 pixel active pixel sensor fabricated in a standard 0.35-¿m CMOS technology. The thin-film filter has an optical density greater than 6.0 at the wavelength of interest, providing adequate excitation rejection to the 532-nm solid-state laser. Microsystem performance is experimentally validated by imaging spots of Cyanine-3 fluorophore, conventionally used in DNA detection. The emission intensity as a function of fluorophore concentration is measured with an estimated sensitivity of 5000 fluorophore/¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A human DNA microarray has been imaged with the sensor prototype.
Speech coding: a tutorial review (1994)

The past decade has witnessed substantial progress towards the application of low-rate speech coders to civilian and military communications as well as computer-related voice applications. Central to this progress has been the development of new speech coders capable of producing high-quality speech at low data rates. Most of these coders incorporate mechanisms to: represent the spectral properties of speech, provide for speech waveform matching, and "optimize" the coder's performance for the human ear. A number of these coders have already been adopted in national and international cellular telephony standards. The objective of this paper is to provide a tutorial overview of speech coding methodologies with emphasis on those algorithms that are part of the recent low-rate standards for cellular communications. Although the emphasis is on the new low-rate coders, we attempt to provide a comprehensive survey by covering some of the traditional methodologies as well. We feel that this approach will not only point out key references but will also provide valuable background to the beginner. The paper starts with a historical perspective and continues with a brief discussion on the speech properties and performance measures. We then proceed with descriptions of waveform coders, sinusoidal transform coders, linear predictive vocoders, and analysis-by-synthesis linear predictive coders. Finally, we present concluding remarks followed by a discussion of opportunities for future research.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>