gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reagentless amperometric glucose dehydrogenase biosensor based on electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH by osmium phenanthrolinedione mediator (1996)

The mediator Os(4,4′-dimethyl, 2,2′-bipyridine)2(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) was used for the catalytic oxidation and recycling of NADH. The mediator, with a redox potential of almost 0 V versus Ag/AgCl, shows clear electrocatalysis of NADH at 0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl at pH 6.0. Carbon paste electrodes modified with the mediator show a clear electrocatalytic wave reaching limiting current densities at 0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl of the order of 140 µA cm–2 l mmol–1 NADH. Reagentless dehydrogenase carbon paste amperometric electrodes for glucose were developed, mixing the mediator, glucose dehydrogenase and NAD+ in the paste. These electrodes were optimized with respect to amounts of enzyme, mediator and NAD+ and were studied with a variety of electrochemical techniques. The results suggest that the response is limited by the enzymic step of the reduction of NAD+ or the oxidation of the substrate. The glucose electrodes show maximum current densities of >0.5 mA cm–2 and very good operational stability in continuous operation; under dry storage conditions their lifetime exceeded 1 month.
How Does Back-Reaction at the Conducting Glass Substrate Influence the Dynamic Photovoltage Response of Nanocrystalline Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells? (2005)

In dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSC), the transfer of electrons from the conducting glass substrate to triiodide ions in solution is an important loss mechanism that can be suppressed by using thin compact blocking layers of TiO(2). Whereas back-reaction at the substrate is relatively unimportant under short circuit conditions, it must be taken into account at the maximum power point or at open circuit. The influence of the back-reaction on open circuit photovoltage decay measurements and on intensity modulated photovoltage (IMVS) measurements has been studied by model simulations and by experimental measurements. The simulations demonstrate that reliable information about DSC properties such as trapping distributions can only be derived from transient or periodic photovoltage responses if the back-reaction is suppressed by the use of suitable blocking layers.
第三代STripFET^TM实现了通态电阻与栅极电荷之间的最佳折衷——电信和计算机用的DC-DC变换器的新效率标准 (2004)

为适应增大变换器电流和提高CPU性能的不断要求，研究出降低输出电压而不降低效率的应对措施，它促使MOSFET工业以惊人的速度不断创新。带基STripFET^TM的第三代产品已达到很低的导通电阻乘栅电荷的所谓品质因数(FOM)。从根本上说，它受益于新型集成技术，还可能由新技术带来内在的多样性和灵活性。本文阐述了实际的电压调节模块(VRM)拓扑，并示出效率结果，以便与竞争对手——沟槽型MOSFET结构比较，以表明STripFET^TM的性能优点。此外，还给出许多特殊功能。
Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Sensitizes Malignant Cells to Death Receptor Ligands (2010)

Evasion of death receptor ligand-induced apoptosis represents an important contributor to cancer development and progression. Therefore, molecules that restore sensitivity to death receptor stimuli would be important tools to better understand this biological pathway and potential leads for therapeutic adjuncts. Previously, the small-molecule 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide (that we propose be named droxinostat) was identified as a chemical sensitizer to death receptor stimuli, decreasing the expression of the caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP. However, the direct targets of droxinostat were unknown. To better understand the mechanism of action of droxinostat and highlight new strategies to restore sensitivity to death receptor ligands, we analyzed changes in gene expression using the Connectivity Map after treating cells with droxinostat. Changes in gene expression after droxinostat treatment resembled changes observed after treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Therefore, we examined the effects of droxinostat on HDAC activity and showed that it selectively inhibited HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 and that inhibition of these HDACs was functionally important for its ability to sensitize cells to death ligands. Thus, we have identified a selective HDAC inhibitor and showed that selective HDAC inhibition sensitizes cells to death ligands, thereby highlighting a new mechanism to overcome resistance to death receptor ligands.
On the Lawful Intercept Access Point Placement Problem in Hybrid Software-Defined Networks (2021)

Lawful Interception (LI) is one of the main provisions needed for the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) to intercept a suspect or deal with criminal activities. However, it was easy and expensive to implement in legacy networking due to its centralized administration. Considering this situation, we aim at contributing to the next generation of intelligent lawful interception technology exploiting Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology for reference to deploy intercept access point (IAP) in hybrid SDN where SDN nodes and non-SDN (N-SDN) nodes coexist. Therefore, we put forward three SDN interception models (e.g., T model, ECMP-T model, Fermat-point model) in hybrid SDN. In other words, the algorithms of running three SDN interception models can be viewed as a cost-effective three-points shortest path algorithm with low time and space complexity. Running three SDN interception models, we can thus deploy the best intercept access point reasonably in hybrid SDN, realizing lawful interception of whole lawful interception system.
regulation of the invasion and metastasis of human glioma cells by polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (2011)

Polypeptide, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (ppGalNAc-T2), is a member of the ppGalNAcT family which is the initial glycosyltransferase in O-glycan synthesis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ppGalNAc-T2 plays a vital role in the process of tumor emergence and development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether ppGalNAc-T2 is correlated with the invasion and metastasis of human glioma cells. PpGalNAc-T2 sense vectors and interference vectors constructed in our laboratory were successfully transfected into SHG44 and U251 cells, which were observed through fluorescence microscopy, RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The metastasis of U251 cells was determined using a wound healing assay, and ppGalNAc-T2 was found to inhibit cell migration. By RT-PCR, glioma cell invasion assay showed that the expression of MMP-2 was increased in ppGalNAc-T2-knockdown cells, while the expression of MMP-9 and TGF-β1 was decreased in ppGalNAc-T2-overexpressing cells at the mRNA level. Meanwhile, the expression of TIMP-2 at the mRNA level was contrary to MMP-2. In summary, our findings indicate that ppGalNAc-T2 plays a poten-tial role in glioma cell migration and invasion, suggesting a new molecular therapeutic target for human malignant glioma treatment.
Dynamics of HIV-1 recombination in its natural target cells (2004)

Genetic recombination is believed to assist HIV-1 diversification and escape from host immunity and antiviral therapies, yet this process remains largely unexamined within the natural target-cell populations. We developed a method for measuring HIV-1 recombination directly that employs reporter viruses bearing functional enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) genes in which recombination produces a modified GFP gene and GFP fluorescence in the infected cells. These reporter viruses allow simultaneous quantification of the dynamics of HIV-1 infection, coinfection, and recombination in cell culture and in animal models by flow-cytometric analysis. Multiround infection assays revealed that productive cellular coinfection was subject to little functional inhibition. As a result, generation of recombinants proceeded according to the square of the infection rate during HIV-1 replication in T lymphocytes and within human thymic grafts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-hu (Thy/Liv) mice. These results suggest that increases in viral load may confer a compounding risk of virus escape by means of recombinational diversification. A single round of replication in T lymphocytes in culture generated an average of nine recombination events per virus, and infection of macrophages led to approximately 30 crossover events, making HIV-1 up to an order of magnitude more recombinogenic than recognized previously and demonstrating that the infected cell exerts a profound influence on the frequency of recombination.
Detection of papillomavirus DNA in human prostatic tissue by Southern blot analysis (1990)

Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was detected in prostate tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatic carcinoma. Radiolabelled genomic probes, specific for the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, were used to detect viral genomic sequences in prostate DNA samples analyzed by the Southern blot technique. Viral sequences were identified in DNA from 7 of 16 prostate samples including both hyperplastic and carcinoma tissues and including tissues obtained by transurethral resection or suprapubic prostatectomy. These data indicate that the prostate gland can be infected with human papillomavirus and imply that the prostate may act as a reservoir for the sexual transmission of papillomavirus via seminal fluid. The detection of both episomal and integrated viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue may have important implications for the etiology of prostate disease.
Characterization of Hexose Oxidase from the Red Seaweed Chondrus Crispus (1997)

Hexose oxidase from the red seaweed, Chondrus crispus was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme appeared to be encapsulated in particles obtained after mechanical disintegration of the fronds. Liberation of the enzyme in soluble form required either waiting for the spontaneous development of a suitable microbial flora in the suspension, or treatment with a mixture of proteases (pronase). As deduced from (SDS/)PAGE, the enzyme has a molecular mass of 87 kDa and probably consists of subunits of 36 kDa and 25 kDa. The low isoelectric point of 2.8 and the presence of 25% (by mass) sugars indicate that the enzyme is a strongly acidic glycoprotein. The absorption spectrum of isolated enzyme minus that of the substrate-reduced enzyme, and the EPR spectrum of the free radical observed in the reduced enzyme revealed the presence of a flavin. This cofactor is probably covalently bound since flavins were not released upon denaturation of the enzyme by heat or acid treatment. Taking free FAD as a reference compound, the enzyme contains 1 mol flavin/mol enzyme. EPR spectroscopy of the purified preparation showed the presence of Cu2+. However, since the amount was substoichiometric, substrate addition did not affect the signal, and the addition of chelator or Cu2+ did not affect the activity, the presence of this metal ion seems adventitious. It is concluded that the large discrepancies between the presently and the previously reported [Sullivan, J. D. & Ikawa, M. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 309, 11-22] characteristics of the enzyme probably originate from the characterization of a contaminating protein in the latter case.
Detection of 500‐nucleotide DNA by laser desorption mass spectrometry (1994)

We report the first detection of DNA segments as large as 500 nucleotides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, using picolinic acid and 3-hydroxypicolinic acid mixtures as desorption matrices. The successful detection of 500-nucleotide DNA indicates that laser mass spectrometry is now emerging as a new biotechnology tool for DNA-related research. It should be possible to utilize fast detection of large DNA segments by laser mass spectrometry for rapid human genome sequencing.
Caspase-cleavage of tau is an early event in Alzheimer disease tangle pathology (2004)

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are composed of abnormal aggregates of the cytoskeletal protein tau. Together with amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neuronal and synaptic loss, NFTs constitute the primary pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent evidence also suggests that caspases are activated early in the progression of AD and may play a role in neuronal loss and NFT pathology. Here we demonstrate that tau is cleaved at D421 (ΔTau) by executioner caspases. Following caspase-cleavage, ΔTau facilitates nucleation-dependent filament formation and readily adopts a conformational change recognized by the early pathological tau marker MC1. ΔTau can be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β and subsequently recognized by the NFT antibody PHF-1. In transgenic mice and AD brains, ΔTau associates with both early and late markers of NFTs and is correlated with cognitive decline. Additionally, ΔTau colocalizes with Aβ1–42 and is induced by Aβ1–42 in vitro. Collectively, our data imply that Aβ accumulation triggers caspase activation, leading to caspase-cleavage of tau, and that this is an early event that may precede hyperphosphorylation in the evolution of AD tangle pathology. These results suggest that therapeutics aimed at inhibiting tau caspase-cleavage may prove beneficial not only in preventing NFT formation, but also in slowing cognitive decline.
Viable, lyophilized lactobacilli do not increase iron absorption from a lactic acid-fermented meal in healthy young women, and no iron absorption occurs in the distal intestine (2007)

Lactic acid-fermented foods have been shown to increase Fe absorption in human subjects, possibly by lowering pH, activation of phytases, production of organic acids, or by the viable lactic acid bacteria. In this study the effect of a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel with and without added viable, lyophilized Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on non-haem Fe absorption was investigated. Furthermore, Fe absorption in the distal intestine was determined. In a randomized, double-blinded crossover trial eighteen healthy young women aged 22 (SD 3) years with low Fe status (serum ferritin < 30 microg/l) were served the two test gruels, extrinsically labelled with 59Fe and served with two enterocoated capsules (containing 55Fe(II) and 55Fe(III), respectively) designed to disintegrate in the ileum. The meals were consumed on two consecutive days, e.g. in the order AA followed by BB in a second period. Non-haem Fe absorption was determined from 59Fe whole-body retention and isotope activities in blood samples. The concentrations of Fe, lactate, phytate, and polyphenols, and the pH were similar in the heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruels with and without added L. plantarum 299v, and no difference in Fe absorption was observed between the test gruels (1.4 and 1.3%, respectively). Furthermore, no absorption of Fe in the distal intestine was observed. In conclusion, addition of viable, lyophilized lactobacillus to a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel does not affect Fe absorption, and no absorption seems to occur in the distal part of the intestine from low Fe bioavailability meals in these women.
TVNet: An Image and Data Delivery System Using Cable T. V. Facilities. (1988)

Abstract A networking technology is currently under development that will allow transmission of both data and analog video images between a variety of nodes connected to an ordinary local cable television system. The system has been designed to support terminal to computer, and terminal to terminal interactions as well as computer to computer data exchanges. Two channels of the cable system are used to implement the network: one upstream towards the head-end and the other down-stream towards the nodes. The current paper describes the hardware and software needed to implement the protocol at the various nodes as well as the computing equipment needed to support such a system.
BioGlass: Physiological parameter estimation using a head-mounted wearable device (2014)

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Site-directed mutagenesis suggests close functional relationship between a human rhinovirus 3C cysteine protease and cellular trypsin-like serine proteases. (1990)

Human rhinoviruses, like other picornaviruses, encode a cysteine protease (designated 3C) which cleaves mainly at viral Gln-Gly pairs. There are significant areas of homology between picornavirus 3C cysteine proteases and cellular serine proteases (e.g. trypsin), suggesting a functional relationship between their catalytic regions. To test this functional relationship, we made single substitutions in human rhinovirus type 14 protease 3C at seven amino acid positions which are highly conserved in the 3C proteases of animal picornaviruses. Substitutions at either His-40, Asp-85, or Cys-146, equivalent to the trypsin catalytic triad His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195, respectively, completely abolished 3C proteolytic activity. Single substitutions were also made at either Thr-141, Gly-158, His-160, or Gly-162, which are equivalent to the trypsin specificity pocket region. Only the mutant with a conservative Thr-141 to Ser substitution exhibited proteolytic activity, which was much reduced compared with the parent. These results, together with immunoprecipitation data which indicate that Asp-85, Thr-141, and Cys-146 lie in accessible surface regions, suggest that the catalytic mechanism of picornavirus 3C cysteine proteases is closely related to that of cellular trypsin-like serine proteases.
Nitrated α–Synuclein Immunity Accelerates Degeneration of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons (2008)

These data show that NT modifications within alpha-Syn, can bypass or break immunological tolerance and activate peripheral leukocytes in draining lymphoid tissue. A novel mechanism for disease is made in that NT modifications in alpha-Syn induce adaptive immune responses that exacerbate PD pathobiology. These results have implications for both the pathogenesis and treatment of this disabling neurodegenerative disease.
Altered Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Epithelial Cells when Ras Activation Is Blocked (1996)

We have previously demonstrated that growth inhibition of untransformed intestinal epithelial cells by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta) and TGFbeta2 was associated with a rapid activation of both Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (Erk1) (Mulder, K. M., and Morris, S. L. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5029-5031; Hartsough, M. T., and Mulder, K. M. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7117-7124). In order to determine whether Ras was required for TGFbeta regulation of both Erk1 and downstream components associated with TGFbeta-mediated growth inhibition, the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) line IEC 4-1 was transfected with a vector containing a dominant-negative mutant of Ras (RasN17) under the control of an inducible metallothionein promoter. Using two different RasN17-transfected clones treated with ZnCl2, we demonstrate here that induction of Ras expression by at least 4-fold completely abrogated the TGFbeta-mediated activation of Erk1. Moreover, the RasN17-mediated reversal of the TGFbeta effect on Erk1 was dependent upon the level of expression of the dominant-negative protein. ZnCl2 treatment of control cells transfected with the empty vector did not alter Ras expression or the activation of Erk1 by TGFbeta. In order to determine whether the activation of Ras by TGFbeta was required for the growth inhibitory effect of TGFbeta, we examined TGFbeta2 effects on Cdk2-associated histone H1 kinase activity, cyclin A protein expression levels, and DNA synthesis in two intestinal epithelial cell clones transfected with RasN17. In cells expressing RasN17, we observed a 50% reversal of the inhibition of Cdk2 activity, a 78% reversal of the down-regulation of cyclin A protein expression, and a 21% reversal of the inhibition of DNA synthesis by TGFbeta. Collectively, these results indicate that Ras activation is obligatory for TGFbeta-mediated activation of Erk1, whereas it is partially required for the growth inhibitory effect of TGFbeta.
Can Software Influence Creativity? (1990)

The concept of decision support systems that emerged in the seventies offered the promise of computer-based tools that would enable decision makers to develop better and more creative solutions to the problems they face. The realization of this promise depends on the validity of two assumptions: (1) individuals can be helped to be more creative and (2) software, appropriately designed, can provide this help. Evidence from creativity research supports the first assumption. This paper explores the second assumption. A set of guidelines for designing DSS is developed from the creativity literature and two hypotheses involving the use of a DSS developed in accordance with these guidelines are proposed. To test these hypotheses, an experiment involving three groups of auditors from a “big eight” accounting firm was conducted. Each group was asked to respond to two different decision situations. Two groups were given separate versions of a DSS specifically selected because it contained features that were thought to enhance creativity. Another group was given no software. The results of the experiment indicate significant differences in the creativity of the responses generated by the three groups. Possible explanations for these differences are explored.
Diversity of aquaporin mRNA expressed by rat and human retinas (2004)

Muller glial cells of the sensory retina mediate K+ and water fluxes that are facilitated by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels and by Kir4.1-K+ channels. However, it is not known which subtypes of aquaporins are expressed in the mammalian retina. Using RT-PCR, we found that both human and rat retinas express mRNA for a diversity of water channel proteins. The human retina expresses mRNAs for AQP0 to AQP12 proteins. Using real-time PCR, we found that the mRNAs for AQP4 and Kir4.1 are downregulated in retinas that were obtained from patients with proliferative retinopathy compared with post-mortem controls. The data suggest that the development of proliferative gliosis is accompanied by disturbed transglial water and ion movements.
Genetic Modification of the Lung Directed Toward Treatment of Human Disease (2016)

Genetic modification therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases of the lung intractable to other treatments. Lung gene therapy has been the subject of numerous preclinical animal experiments and human clinical trials, for targets including genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and α1-antitrypsin deficiency, complex disorders such as asthma, allergy, and lung cancer, infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Pseudomonas, as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension, transplant rejection, and lung injury. A variety of viral and non-viral vectors have been employed to overcome the many physical barriers to gene transfer imposed by lung anatomy and natural defenses. Beyond the treatment of lung diseases, the lung has the potential to be used as a metabolic factory for generating proteins for delivery to the circulation for treatment of systemic diseases. Although much has been learned through a myriad of experiments about the development of genetic modification of the lung, more work is still needed to improve the delivery vehicles and to overcome challenges such as entry barriers, persistent expression, specific cell targeting, and circumventing host anti-vector responses.