gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real time speaker localization and detection system for camera steering in multiparticipant videoconferencing environments (2011)

A real time speaker localization and detection system for videoconferencing environments is presented. In this system, a recently proposed modified Steered Response Power - Phase Transform (SRP-PHAT) algorithm has been used as the core processing scheme. The new SRP-PHAT functional has been shown to provide robust localization performance in indoor environments without the need for having a very fine spatial grid, thus reducing the computational cost required in a practical implementation. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the statistical distribution of location estimates when a speaker is active can be successfully used to discriminate between speech and non-speech frames by using a criterion of peakedness. As a result, talking participants can be detected and located with significant accuracy following a common processing framework.
Inteligencia en las operaciones de mantenimiento de la Paz (1998)

To generate the next eye movement, oculomotor circuits take into consideration the physical salience of objects in view and current behavioral goals, exogenous and endogenous influences, respectively. However, the interactions between exogenous and endogenous mechanisms and their dynamic contributions to target selection have been difficult to resolve because they evolve extremely rapidly. In a recent study (Salinas et al., 2019), we achieved the necessary temporal precision using an urgent variant of the antisaccade task wherein motor plans are initiated early and choice accuracy depends sharply on when exactly the visual cue information becomes available. Empirical and modeling results indicated that the exogenous signal arrives ∼80 ms after cue onset and rapidly accelerates the (incorrect) plan toward the cue, whereas the informed endogenous signal arrives ∼25 ms later to favor the (correct) plan away from the cue. Here, we scrutinize a key mechanistic hypothesis about this dynamic, that the exogenous and endogenous signals act at different times and independently of each other. We test quantitative model predictions by comparing the performance of human participants instructed to look toward a visual cue or away from it under high urgency. We find that, indeed, the exogenous response is largely impervious to task instructions; it simply flips its sign relative to the correct choice, and this largely explains the drastic differences in psychometric performance between the two tasks. Thus, saccadic choices are strongly dictated by the alignment between salience and behavioral goals.
Calibration scheme for LINCtransmitter (2001)

A simple calibration scheme for correction of the path imbalance in a LINC transmitter is presented. By properly exchanging two LINC vector components and controlling a downconversion loop, the gain and phase imbalance are characterised by the baseband DSP/SCS. The error effects of the imbalance are compensated by introducing a pre-distortion term. Simulation results demonstrate that this scheme is sufficient to suppress the out-of-band spectrum for wireless communications.
Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Energy on a Microsurgically Transferred Vessel (2000)

This article reports the findings of a study that attempted to elucidate whether pulsed magnetic energy stimulates neovascularization in vivo, using a microsurgically created arterial loop model in a prospective randomized trial of 108 rats (n = 12/group). Pulsed magnetic energies of 0.1 and 2.0 gauss were applied immediately postoperatively and for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, with a statistically significant increase in neovascularization among the treated animals compared with control rats. The study provides a starting point for future study and evaluation of the stimulation of angiogenesis with the use of pulsed magnetic energy and suggests a possible use of this modality to increase the quality of revascularized tissue. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 105: 1371, 2000.)
Comparative ultrastructural study of endoplasmic reticulum in colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different degrees of differentiation. (2000)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a complex system of tubules, lamellae , and flattened vesicles, and has a variety of morphologies in different cells. It is believed to play a central role in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, phosph olipids, steroids, prostaglandins, membrane and secretory proteins[1]. Cancer cells have different functions and ultrastructure from their original cells[2-4]. The studies on ER membrane system of cancer cells are of great significance in understanding their malignant behavior. In the present work, the ultrastructural characteristics of ER in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different differentiation degrees were investigated.
A 1.6-kW, 110-kHz DC-DC converter optimized for IGBT's (1993)

A full bridge DC-DC power converter using a zero current and zero-voltage switching technique is described. This circuit utilizes the characteristics of the IGBT to achieve power and frequency combinations that are much higher than previously reported for this device. Experimental results are included for a 1.6 kW, 110 kHz converter with 95% efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recruitment of Myeloid but not Endothelial Precursor Cells Facilitates Tumor Regrowth after Local Irradiation (2010)

Tumor neovascularization and growth might be promoted by the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC), which include endothelial precursor cells and "vascular modulatory" myelomonocytic (CD11b+) cells. BMDCs may also drive tumor regrowth after certain chemotherapeutic and vascular disruption treatments. In this study, we evaluated the role of BMDC recruitment in breast and lung carcinoma xenograft models after local irradiation (LI). We depleted the bone marrow by including whole-body irradiation (WBI) of 6 Gy as part of a total tumor dose of 21 Gy, and compared the growth delay with the one achieved after LI of 21 Gy. In both models, the inclusion of WBI induced longer tumor growth delays. Moreover, WBI increased lung tumor control probability by LI. Exogenous delivery of BMDCs from radiation-naïve donors partially abrogated the WBI effect. Myeloid BMDCs, primarily macrophages, rapidly accumulated in tumors after LI. Intratumoral expression of stromal-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), a chemokine that promotes tissue retention of BMDCs, was noted 2 days after LI. Conversely, treatment with an inhibitor of SDF-1alpha receptor CXCR4 (AMD3100) with LI significantly delayed tumor regrowth. However, when administered starting from 5 days post-LI, AMD3100 treatment was ineffective. Lastly, with restorative bone marrow transplantation of Tie2-GFP-labeled BMDC population, we observed an increased number of monocytes but not endothelial precursor cells in tumors that recurred following LI. Our results suggest that an increase in intratumoral SDF-1alpha triggered by LI recruits myelomonocytes/macrophages which promotes tumor regrowth.
Enhanced exchange bias in sub-50-nm IrMn/CoFe nanostructure (2009)

The exchange bias field (Hex) of IrMn/CoFe deposited on a large-area nanoporous anodized alumina (AAO) is tailored by varying the pore density (D) and the network width (w) of AAO. The Hex increases with increasing D and reaches its maximum at D=5.6×1010 cm−2 and w∼28 nm. The enhancement in Hex, twice larger than that of the continuous film, is attributed to the reduction in antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) domain sizes. The suppression of Hex is observed for further increase in D, which may result from the excessive misalignment of AFM and FM spins and weakened AFM anisotropy.
Heparin Binding and Oligomerization of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Isoforms (1997)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a heparin-binding polypeptide that stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis by activation of its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase. HGF/SF consists of a series of structural units, including an amino-terminal segment with a hairpin loop, four kringle domains, and a serine protease-like region. In this study, we demonstrate that the amino-terminal (N) domain retains the heparin-binding properties of full-length HGF/SF. In contrast to a previous hypothesis, selected basic amino acid residues in the hairpin loop are not critical for heparin binding, although alanine substitution at a subset of these sites markedly reduced the biological activity of the HGF/SF isoform, HGF/NK1. Covalent cross-linking experiments performed with wild-type and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HSGAG)-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells revealed that Met-HGF/NK1 binding was strongly dependent on HSGAG. Addition of heparin to HSGAG-deficient CHO cells not only restored ligand binding, but also increased ligand-dependent Met tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos expression. Moreover, our results showed that heparin stimulated ligand oligomerization through an interaction with the N domain. These findings establish the importance of the N domain for heparin-ligand and ligand-ligand interactions, and demonstrate a crucial role for HSGAG in receptor binding and signal transduction.
Alcohol-induced generation of lipid peroxidation products in humans (1999)

To address the hypothesis that elevated blood alcohol increases systemic oxidant stress, we measured urinary excretion of isoprostanes (iPs), free radical-catalyzed products of arachidonic acid. Ten healthy volunteers received acute doses of alcohol (Everclear-R) or placebo under randomized, controlled, double-blind conditions. Urinary iPF2a-III increased in a time- and dosage-dependent manner after dosing with alcohol, with the peak urinary iPF2a-III excretion correlating with the rise in blood alcohol. To determine whether oxidant stress was associated with alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD), we then studied the excretion of iP in individuals with a documented history of alcohol-induced hepatitis or alcohol-induced chronic liver disease (AC). Both urinary iPF2a-III and urinary iPF2a-VI were markedly increased in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. In general, urinary iPF2a-III was significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients, relative to controls, but excretion was more pronounced when cirrhosis was induced by alcohol than by hepatitis C. Excretion of iPF2a-VI, as well as 4-hydroxynonenal and the iPF2a-III metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-iPF2a-III, was also increased in AC. Vitamin C, but not aspirin, reduced urinary iPs in AC. Thus, vasoactive iPs, which serve as indices of oxidant stress, are elevated in the urine in both acute and chronic ALD. Increased generation of iPs by alcohol in healthy volunteers is consistent with the hypothesis that oxidant stress precedes and contributes to the evolution of ALD.
The Yeast ARG7 Gene Product Is Autoproteolyzed to Two Subunit Peptides, Yielding Active Ornithine Acetyltransferase (2000)

Yeast ornithine acetyltransferase has been purified from total yeast extracts as a heterodimer of two subpeptides (Liu, Y., Van Heeswijck, R., Hoj, P., and Hoogenraad, N. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 228, 291-296), confirmed to derive from a single ARG7-encoded precursor (Crabeel, M., Abadjieva, A., Hilven, P., Desimpelaere, J., and Soetens, O. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 250, 232-241). By Western immunoblotting, we show that Arg7p is also present as two subpeptides in isolated mitochondria, but that processing occurs before targeting to the mitochondria: deletion of the N-terminal leader peptide results in cytosolic accumulation of N-Arg7p, whereas C-Arg7p partially reaches the organelle by itself. When artificially co-expressed from separate genes, the two subpeptides can complement an arg7 mutation; ornithine acetyltransferase activity is measurable. Maturation of Arg7p occurs at threonine 215 (N-side), in the region most conserved among the 17 ornithine acetyltransferases characterized. Changing this conserved residue to alanine completely abolishes maturation. Furthermore, Arg7p is both processed and active in Escherichia coli, a heterologous background, and is also cleaved in vitro when produced by coupled transcription/translation in a reticulocyte lysate. Together, these data suggest classic autoproteolysis initiated by threonine 215. Most importantly, maturation is required for the enzyme to be functional, since the T215A substitution mutant is catalytically inactive and incapable of genetic complementation, despite its correct targeting to the mitochondria.
A Low Power MEMS Silicone/Parylene Valve (1998)

A low power thermopneumatic MEMS valve utilizing several novel components has been developed. 61 mW of power is sufficient to control a nitrogen flow of 1.1 1pm with an inlet pressure of 24 psi. Previous work [1,3] has shown that silicone rubber has a low Young's modulus(~! MPa) and exhibits good sealing properties. Thermopneumatic actuation [1,2] has the potential for large forces through long displacements. By using a "soft" membrane with a large gap, and thermopneumatic actuation, high flow rates are achievable while still keeping power consumption low. However, silicone has been shown to be permeable to a wide range of liquids including Fluorinert which necessitates the addition of a barrier layer, in this case Parylene C. This paper presents a low power valve constructed with a composite silicone/Parylene membrane. a suspended heater for low heat loss through conduction, and a valve seat designed for improved sealing and particle resistance.
Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin With and Without Cetuximab in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2008)

KRAS mutational status was shown to be a highly predictive selection criterion in relation to the treatment decision regarding the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX-4 for previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
W&#x03B1;SH-ing visual repositories: Searching Europeana using local features (2013)

Museums, libraries, national archives and art galleries deal with visual objects that must be made accessible to a wide variety of experts or non-experts like researchers, art lovers or interested people. The ability to identify objects sharing some aspect of visual similarity can be useful when trying to trace historical influences or when looking for further examples of paintings, sculptures or other cultural objects appealing to their taste. In this direction, we use our recent detector [1] for an image retrieval task on a subset of Europeana's <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> content. The detector produces distinctive features by grouping sampled image edges according to proper shape stability measures. We evaluate the detector by integrating it into the Visual Search Engine for Europeana (Vieu) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> tool.
Roles of the FabA and FabZ β-Hydroxyacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Dehydratases in Escherichia coli Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (1996)

There are two genes, fabA and fabZ, encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) dehydratases that function in the dissociated, type II fatty acid synthase system of Escherichia coli. We have investigated their roles in fatty acid synthesis by purifying the two proteins and reconstituting cycles of fatty acid synthesis in vitro using five other purified proteins. FabA and FabZ exhibited broad, overlapping chain length specificities. The FabZ dehydratase efficiently catalyzed the dehydration of short chain beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and long chain saturated and unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs. FabA was most active on intermediate chain length beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and also possessed significant activity toward both short and long chain saturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs. Significantly, FabA was virtually inactive in the dehydration of long chain unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP. The introduction of the double bond at the 10-carbon stage of fatty acid synthesis by FabA was only detected in the presence of beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I (FabB). A yeast two-hybrid analysis failed to detect an interaction between FabA and FabB, therefore the channeling of intermediates toward unsaturated fatty acid synthesis by FabB was attributed to the affinity of the condensing enzyme for cis-decenoyl-ACP. The broad substrate specificity of FabZ coupled with the inactivity of FabA toward a long chain unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP provides a biochemical explanation for the phenotypes of cells with genetically altered levels of the two dehydratases.
Oxidoreductive Cellulose Depolymerization by the Enzymes Cellobiose Dehydrogenase and Glycoside Hydrolase 61 (2011)

Several members of the glycoside hydrolase 61 (GH61) family of proteins have recently been shown to dramatically increase the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass by microbial hydrolytic cellulases. However, purified GH61 proteins have neither demonstrable direct hydrolase activity on various polysaccharide or lignacious components of biomass nor an apparent hydrolase active site. Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a secreted flavocytochrome produced by many cellulose-degrading fungi with no well-understood biological function. Here we demonstrate that the binary combination of Thermoascus aurantiacus GH61A (TaGH61A) and Humicola insolens CDH (HiCDH) cleaves cellulose into soluble, oxidized oligosaccharides. TaGH61A-HiCDH activity on cellulose is shown to be nonredundant with the activities of canonical endocellulase and exocellulase enzymes in microcrystalline cellulose cleavage, and while the combination of TaGH61A and HiCDH cleaves highly crystalline bacterial cellulose, it does not cleave soluble cellodextrins. GH61 and CDH proteins are coexpressed and secreted by the thermophilic ascomycete Thielavia terrestris in response to environmental cellulose, and the combined activities of T. terrestris GH61 and T. terrestris CDH are shown to synergize with T. terrestris cellulose hydrolases in the breakdown of cellulose. The action of GH61 and CDH on cellulose may constitute an important, but overlooked, biological oxidoreductive system that functions in microbial lignocellulose degradation and has applications in industrial biomass utilization.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Reverses Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability During Hyperglycemic Stroke and Prevents Edema Formation In Vivo (2011)

These results suggest that the pronounced vasogenic edema that occurs during hyperglycemic stroke is mediated in large part by activation of protein kinase Cβ.
Controlled Two-Dimensional Pattern of Spontaneously Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We report a simple solution process to form controlled patterns of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on solid substrates. The essential step of the process is to deposit a dilute solution of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes (DNA-CNTs) on a SiO(2) surface covered with a thin hydrophobic layer. This leads to deposition of fully aligned CNTs. The alignment pattern can be controlled by metal electrodes in the deposition region and can be quantitatively modeled by the behavior of a quasi-two-dimensional DNA-CNT nematic phase near the solution/SiO(2) interface. These results point to the possibility of rational design and economical fabrication of CNT alignment patterns on solid substrates.
Synthesis of 2‘-C-β-Fluoromethyluridine (2003)

[reaction: see text] 2'-C-beta-Fluoromethyluridine (17) represents both a potentially important biological agent and a tool for biochemical analysis. Here we describe the first synthesis of this compound starting from uridine. The key steps include protection of the uracil base with methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) chloride, conversion to the corresponding 2'-C-alpha-epoxide, and regioselective opening of the oxirane ring with potassium fluoride/hydrogen fluoride. Subsequent acetylation of the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups enables MEM removal using B-bromocatecholborane. Deacetylation generates the parent nucleoside, 2'-C-beta-flurormethyluridine.
Subword parallelism with MAX-2 (1996)

MAX-2 illustrates how a small set of instruction extensions can provide subword parallelism to accelerate media processing and other data-parallel programs. This article proposes that subword parallelism-parallel computation on lower precision data packed into a word-is an efficient and effective solution for accelerating media processing. As an example, it describes MAX-2, a very lean, RISC-like set of media acceleration primitives included in the 64-bit PA-RISC 2.0 architecture. Because MAX-2 strives to be a minimal set of instructions, the article discusses both instructions included and excluded. Several examples illustrate the use of MAX-2 instructions, which provide subword parallelism in a word-oriented general-purpose processor at essentially no incremental cost.
Constitutive MEK/MAPK Activation Leads to p27Kip1Deregulation and Antiestrogen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2001)

Antiestrogens, such as the drug tamoxifen, inhibit breast cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. Antiestrogens require action of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1) to mediate G1 arrest in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. We report that constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alters p27 phosphorylation, reduces p27 protein levels, reduces the cdk2 inhibitory activity of the remaining p27, and contributes to antiestrogen resistance. In two antiestrogen-resistant cell lines that showed increased MAPK activation, inhibition of the MAPK kinase (MEK) by addition of U0126 changed p27 phosphorylation and restored p27 inhibitory function and sensitivity to antiestrogens. Using antisense p27 oligonucleotides, we demonstrated that this restoration of antiestrogen-mediated cell cycle arrest required p27 function. These data suggest that oncogene-mediated MAPK activation, frequently observed in human breast cancers, contributes to antiestrogen resistance through p27 deregulation.
Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in a community-based patient sample (1999)

CSF-tau has a high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate AD from normal aging and depression, as demonstrated in a large community-based series of consecutive AD patients during which analyses were run continually in a clinical neurochemical laboratory. The increase in CSF-tau is found very early in the disease process in AD, is stable over time, and has a low interindividual variation on repeated sampling. Although high CSF-tau is found in some neurologic conditions (e.g., stroke), these findings suggest that CSF-tau may be of use to help in differentiating AD from normal aging and depression, especially early in the course of the disease, when the symptoms are vague and the diagnosis is especially difficult.
Finding similar patterns in large image databases (1993)

Automated searching through large sets of images to find a pattern 'similar to this one' is considered. A key recognition method is evaluated on a library of almost 1000 images, based on the entire Brodatz texture album. The features used for searching rely on a significant improvement to the traditional Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform which makes it shift-invariant. Results are shown for a variety of false alarm rates and for different subsets of KL features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>