gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gangliosides as components of lipid membrane domains (2006)

Cell membrane components are organized as specialized domains involved in membrane-associated events such as cell signaling, cell adhesion, and protein sorting. These membrane domains are enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol but display a low protein content. Theoretical considerations and experimental data suggest that some properties of gangliosides play an important role in the formation and stabilization of specific cell lipid membrane domains. Gangliosides are glycolipids with strong amphiphilic character and are particularly abundant in the plasma membranes, where they are inserted into the external leaflet with the hydrophobic ceramide moiety and with the oligosaccharide chain protruding into the extracellular medium. The geometry of the monomer inserted into the membrane, largely determined by the very large surface area occupied by the oligosaccharide chain, the ability of the ceramide amide linkage to form a network of hydrogen bonds at the water-lipid interface of cell membranes, the Delta(4) double bond of sphingosine proximal to the water-lipid interface, the capability of the oligosaccharide chain to interact with water, and the absence of double bonds into the double-tailed hydrophobic moiety are the ganglioside features that will be discussed in this review, to show how gangliosides are responsible for the formation of cell lipid membrane domains characterized by a strong positive curvature.
Neuropathological findings in a case of coexistent progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. (1984)

A 66-year-old man was investigated for increasing forgetfulness and frequent falls. Following appropriate investigations, the cause was presumed to be senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. He was reviewed one year later and found to have impaired vertical gaze and a hoarse voice. Progressive dementia, nuchal rigidity, anarthria, and sphincteric incontinence developed subsequently. A diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy was made. He died four years after the initial assessment. Neuropathological examination revealed changes characteristic of progressive supranuclear palsy, and suggestive of Alzheimer's disease. Globose tangles, granulovacuolar bodies and gliosis were present in the midbrain, the pons, the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and the globus pallidus. Senile plaques and occasional neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar bodies were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal cortex. The coexistence of two disease processes resulting in dementia is discussed.
Spinal amino acid release and precipitated withdrawal in rats chronically infused with spinal morphine (1996)

Glutamate receptors are implicated in the genesis of opioid tolerance and dependence. Factors governing release of amino acids in systems chronically exposed to opiates, however, remain undefined. Using rats, each prepared with a spinal loop dialysis catheter and with a chronic lumbar intrathecal infusion catheter connected to a subcutaneous minipump, the release of amino acids before and during antagonist-precipitated withdrawal in unanesthetized rats was examined. Spinal infusion of morphine (20 nmol/micro l/hr) for 4 d had little effect on resting release of amino acids. In morphine-infused, but not saline-infused, rats naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) evoked an immediate increase in the release of L-glutamate (299 +/- 143%) and taurine (306 +/- 113%) but not other amino acids. The magnitude and time course of the release of these amino acids significantly correlated with behavioral indices of withdrawal intensity. Acute intrathecal pretreatment immediately before naloxone with clonidine (20 microg; alpha2 agonist), MK-801 (3 microg; noncompetitive NMDA antagonist), or aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5; 3 microg; competitive NMDA antagonist) suppressed naloxone-induced increases in spinal L-glutamate and taurine release and behavioral signs of withdrawal in spinal morphine-infused rats. Results point to a correlated increase in spinal L-glutamate release, which contributes to genesis of the opioid withdrawal syndrome. Agents such as clonidine that suppress opioid withdrawal may owe their action to an inhibition of excitatory amino acid release. The effects of MK-801 and AP-5 suggest a glutamate-evoked glutamate release.
Genes Involved in Initial Follicle Recruitment May Be Associated with Age at Menopause (2010)

The present study confirms an earlier finding that variation in the AMHR2 gene modifies the relation between parity and age at natural menopause. In combination with the association of BMP15 with menopausal age, we find that there is evidence that genes involved in primary follicle recruitment influence timing of menopause.
The influence of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) on rat liver regeneration. (1993)

The effect of Tolpa peat preparation (TPP) on the regenerative response has been examined in rats submitted to two thirds hepatectomy. The ornithine decarboxylase activity, spermidine and histamine levels, DNA and RNA content, RNA/DNA ratio and the mass of restituted liver were used to test the intensity of the regenerative processes. The action of TPP is dual: a short-term application of TPP at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day causes an inhibition of the ornithine decarboxylase activity, the decrease in spermidine formation, the levels of DNA and RNA, and liver restitution. The multiple application of TPP, on the other hand, results in a stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase, the increase in spermidine and histamine as well as RNA and DNA levels in regenerating liver; concomitantly, the liver mass tends to increase in TPP treated groups. TPP might exert its effects, at least partially, by interfering with polyamine biosynthesis.
Expression of the secreted form of clusterin protein in renal cell carcinoma as a predictor of disease extension (2005)

These findings suggest that the secreted form of clusterin may be involved in the progression of RCC, and that overexpression of clusterin could be a useful prognostic variable after radical surgery in patients with RCC.
Importance of knowledge on drug metabolism for the safe use of drugs in humans (2009)

Th e author thanks ECNIS (Environmental Cancer,&#13;\nNutrition and Individual Susceptibility), a network of&#13;\nexcellence operating within the European Union 6th&#13;\nFramework Program, Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety&#13;\n(Contract no. 513943) for financial support.
Regulatory control of complement on blood platelets (1989)

Antibody against a membrane inhibitor of the C5b-9 complex has been used to investigate regulatory control of the terminal complement proteins on blood platelets. Monospecific rabbit antibody (alpha-P18) was raised against the purified 18-kDa erythrocyte membrane inhibitor of C5b-9 (Sugita, Y., Nakano, Y., and Tomita, M. (1988) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 104, 633-637). In addition to its interaction with erythrocytes, this antibody (and its Fab) bound specifically to platelet membranes. In immunoblots of cell membrane proteins prepared under non-reducing conditions, alpha-P18 bound specifically to an 18-kDa erythrocyte membrane protein and to a 37-kDa platelet membrane protein. Absorption of this antibody by platelet membranes competed its binding to the purified 18-kDa erythrocyte protein, suggesting that epitopes expressed by the erythrocyte 18-kDa C5b-9 inhibitor are common to the platelet. When bound to the platelet surface, the Fab of alpha-P18 increased C9 activation by membrane C5b-8, monitored by exposure of a complex-dependent C9 neo-epitope. Although alpha-P18 caused little increase in the cytolysis of platelets treated with C5b-9 (total release of lactate dehydrogenase less than 5%), it markedly increased the cell stimulatory responses induced by these complement proteins, including, secretion from platelet alpha- and dense granules, conformational activation of cell surface GP IIb-IIIa, release of membrane microparticles from the platelet surface, and exposure of new membrane binding sites for components of the prothrombinase enzyme complex. Prior incubation of C5b67 platelets with 100 micrograms/ml alpha-P18 (Fab) lowered by approximately 10-fold the half-maximal concentration of C8 required to elicit each of these responses (in the presence of excess C9). Incubation with alpha-P18 (Fab) alone did not activate platelets, nor did incubation with this antibody potentiate the stimulatory responses of platelets exposed to other agonists. These data indicate that a membrane inhibitor of the C5b-9 complex normally serves to attenuate the procoagulant responses of blood platelets exposed to activated complement proteins, and suggest the mechanism by which a deletion or inactivation of this cell surface component would increase the risk of vascular thrombosis.
Novel Approach for Formation of Platelet-like Particles from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells without Using Feeder Cells (2009)

Megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelet-like particles (PLPs) have generally been obtained by culturing embryonic stem (ES) cells over feeder cells. However, using feeder cells need many labor-consuming processes and the MK and PLP fractions obtained are often contaminated by such cells and their fragments. Here we describe our new culture system for differentiating mouse ES cells to MKs and PLPs without using feeder cells. ES cells are differentiated to cells with MK-like morphology and properties, including proplatelet formation, high ploidy (>8N), and CD41 expression. The culture medium contained PLPs expressing platelet glycoproteins, CD41 and GPIb. Integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) of PLPs can be activated by thrombin. Addition of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TAPI-2 to the culture increased the surface expression of GPIbalpha and augmented the adhesion of PLPs to immobilized von Willebrand factor through decreasing the shedding of GPIbalpha. Thus our mouse ES cells culture system is a suitable and efficient method for obtaining MKs and functional PLPs that obviates the need for feeder cells.
Intra-aneurysmal pressure measurements in experimental saccular aneurysms in dogs. (1988)

Intra-aneurysmal pressure was studied in an experimental model of saccular aneurysm in dogs, using a vein pouch grafted onto a common carotid arterial bifurcation. The mean and the pulse pressures were recorded simultaneously from within the aneurysm and within the common carotid artery, before and after 50% proximal carotid artery stenosis. These experiments were performed under systemic normotension, hypotension, and hypertension. Normal data suggest that mean intracarotid and intra-aneurysmal pressures are similar and relate in a nearly linear fashion to mean arterial pressure. However, after 50% stenosis, the data had a cubic relationship, the reduction of pressure occurring only in the middle range of mean arterial pressure. Both intra-aneurysmal and intracarotid pulse pressures displayed less dependence on mean arterial pressure. However, sigmoid curves also were observed with the pulse pressures after 50% proximal common carotid artery stenosis. In all cases, after 50% stenosis, the rate of increase of the pulse pressures with mean arterial pressure was greater for higher mean arterial pressures. Our preliminary data indicate that a detailed study of intra-aneurysmal pressure and blood flow in relation to systemic variables such as mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance may not only suggest improved means of managing patients with intracranial aneurysms, but also may raise the possibility that, under certain conditions, higher intra-aneurysmal pressures may be induced by downstream stenosis.
Fine‐needle aspiration of the macrofollicular and microfollicular subtypes of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (1998)

BACKGROUND The follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (FVPCT) is being increasingly diagnosed on excised thyroid nodules. However, the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and intraoperative diagnosis is often that of a follicular neoplasm, especially in papillary carcinomas with a pure or predominantly follicular pattern. The authors undertook this study in an attempt to refine the cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of FVPCT. METHODS The authors reviewed 16 cases with cytologic diagnoses of FVPCT (9 cases), suspicious for FVPCT (6 cases), or cellular adenomatoid nodule (1 case) based on aspirates stained with Papanicolaou stain or a Giemsa-type stain (Diff-Quik). All cases had been confirmed histologically as pure or predominantly (>80%) FVPCT in 13 cases and as follicular adenoma in 3 cases. Cytologic features evaluated included cellularity, cell arrangement, nuclear features, cytoplasm, and colloid. RESULTS Twelve of 13 cases of FVPCT were correctly diagnosed cytologically. Features that proved useful in the diagnosis of FVPCT were the concomitant and conspicuous presence of ovoid or pear-shaped nuclei with hypochromasia and nuclear grooves. Soft features included nuclear overlap and eccentric, small nucleoli. Cytoplasmic features were not useful in making this diagnosis. Based on cell arrangement and colloid, it was possible to predict microfollicular and macrofollicular variants. The microfollicular subtype showed rosettes or microfollicles and scant, thick colloid in casts and blobs. The macrofollicular subtype had predominantly sheets or spherules with abundant, thick background colloid. Nuclear pseudoinclusions and psammoma bodies were absent and multinucleated giant cells rarely found. Pitfalls leading to a "false-positive" FVPCT diagnosis included oncocytic adenoma (in 2 cases) and atypical adenoma (in 1 case). A cytologic diagnosis of cellular adenomatoid nodule was made in one case of macrofollicular FVPCT. CONCLUSIONS The authors present improved cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of pure FVPCT on smears stained with Papanicolaou stain or Diff-Quik, and they elaborate on the clues and pitfalls associated with this diagnosis. The cytologic features of the macrofollicular and microfollicular subtypes of FVPCT are also described. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1998;84:235-244. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Circular proteins and mechanisms of cyclization (2010)

Cyclization via head-to-tail linkage of the termini of a peptide chain occurs in only a small percentage of proteins, but engenders the resultant cyclic proteins with exceptional stability. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood and this review attempts to summarize what is known of the events that lead to cyclization. Cyclic proteins are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. The prokaryotic circular proteins include the bacteriocins and pilins. The eukaryotic circular proteins in mammals include the theta defensins, found in rhesus macaques, and the retrocyclins. Two types of cyclic proteins have been found in plants, the sunflower trypsin inhibitor and the larger, more prolific, group known as cyclotides. The cyclotides from Oldenlandia affinis, the plant in which these cyclotides were first discovered, are processed by an asparaginyl endopeptidase which is a cysteine protease. Cysteine proteases are commonly associated with transpeptidation reactions, which, for suitable substrates can lead to cyclization events. These proteases cleave an amide bond and form an acyl enzyme intermediate before nucleophilic attack by the amine group of the N-terminal residue to form a peptide bond, resulting in a cyclic peptide.
Two-sample tests for growth curves under dependent right censoring (2001)

Journal Article Two‐sample tests for growth curves under dependent right censoring Get access Yehuda Vardi, Yehuda Vardi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zhiliang Ying, Zhiliang Ying Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Cun‐Hui Zhang Cun‐Hui Zhang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 88, Issue 4, December 2001, Pages 949–960, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/88.4.949 Published: 01 December 2001
Specific Release of Cytokines by Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Melanomas in Response to Shared Melanoma Antigens (1993)

Lysis of autologous and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched allogeneic melanomas by cultured human tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) suggests that shared melanoma antigens (Ag) exist and are recognized by TIL in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. We have recently shown that cytokine release by TIL is another indicator of the specific interaction with autologous tumor. To determine if recognition of shared melanoma Ag can also induce cytokine release, seven melanoma TIL, which lysed autologous tumor, were co-cultured with autologous tumor or with 7-12 HLA-matched or unmatched melanoma stimulators for 6-24 h. Supernatants were collected and assayed by ELISA for the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6. Among five of six melanoma TIL for which autologous tumor was available, autologous melanoma cells stimulated specific release of at least one of three cytokines: GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. Neither IL-4 nor IL-6 secretion by three TIL cultures tested was enhanced upon contact with tumor. For six of seven TIL cultures, HLA-matched allogeneic melanomas also stimulated significant cytokine release; HLA-A1, -A2, -A24, -B8, and -Cw7 were identified as possible restriction elements. The cytokine secretion induced by both autologous and allogeneic HLA-matched melanomas could be blocked by an anti-MHC I antibody. These data suggest that cytokines can be specifically released by TIL recognizing a shared melanoma antigen in the context of self MHC molecules.
Perspective: Hypothesis: Serum IgG Antibody Is Sufficient to Confer Protection against Infectious Diseases by Inactivating the Inoculum (1995)

The theory proposed is that a critical level of specific serum IgG is sufficient to confer protection against infectious diseases by inactivating the inoculum of the pathogen. This theory relies heavily on evaluation of licensed vaccines and includes the following: Measurement of serum antibodies only reliably predicts the efficacy of vaccines, according to regulatory agencies. Serum IgG antibodies alone account for the protection conferred by passive immunization. "Herd" immunity conferred by vaccines on viral and bacterial diseases is best explained by serum antibodies that inactivate the inoculum on mucosal surfaces, thus reducing the pathogen's transmission. Once the disease is manifest, serum antibodies induced by active immunization will neither relieve symptoms nor eliminate the pathogen; specific IgG must be present when the host encounters the pathogen in order to confer protective immunity. Information about the initial pathogen-host contact is vital, whereas knowledge of the symptomatology of the disease may not be essential for vaccine development.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low back pain. (2009)

IDET offers functionally significant relief in approximately one-half of appropriately chosen chronic discogenic low back pain patients. There is minimal evidence supporting the use of radiofrequency annuloplasty and IDB.
Unique surface sensing property and enhanced sensitivity in microring resonator biosensors based on subwavelength grating waveguides (2016)

In this paper, unique surface sensing property and enhanced sensitivity in microring resonator biosensors based on subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides are studied and demonstrated. The SWG structure consists of periodic silicon pillars in the propagation direction with a subwavelength period. Effective sensing region in the SWG microring resonator includes not only the top and side of the waveguide, but also the space between the silicon pillars on the light propagation path. It leads to greatly increased sensitivity and a unique surface sensing property in contrast to common evanescent wave sensors: the surface sensitivity remains constantly high as the surface layer thickness grows. Microring resonator biosensors based on both SWG waveguides and conventional strip waveguides were compared side by side in surface sensing experiment and the enhanced surface sensing capability in SWG based microring resonator biosensors was demonstrated.
The beginning of integrated optoelectronic circuits (1984)

The monolithic integration of electronic and optical functions on a single semiconductor crystal has become known as integrated optoelectronic circuits. These circuits usually contain a semiconductor laser and the associated driver electronics, detection and current amplication, or combine these two functions in an optical repeater. Monolithic integration leads to smaller circuits, greater ruggedness, and should result in lower cost.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure 2-SubstitutedN-Tosylaziridines (1992)

A three-step procedure for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2-substituted N-tosylaziridines 4 is described. The method involves N-tosylation of (S)-2-amino acids 1, followed by reduction to give N-tosyl-2-amino alcohols 3 and O-tosylation with in situ aziridine ring closure.
Improved immunocytochemical staining through the use of Fab fragments of primary antibody, Fab-specific second antibody, and Fab-horseradish peroxidase. (1985)

A modification of the unlabeled antibody method of immunocytochemistry is described here that offers increased immunoreagent penetration and greatly reduced background staining. The method involves the following alterations to the conventional technique; the use of Fab fragments of primary antibody, rather than whole immunoglobulin G (IgG) or serum; the use of a second, or link, anti-rabbit IgG serum that is Fab fragment-specific, rather than directed against the whole rabbit IgG molecule; the use of the Fab--horseradish peroxidase complex described by JR Slemmon, PM Salvaterra, and K Saito (J Histochem Cytochem 28:10, 1980), rather than peroxidase--antiperoxidase (PAP). Steps 2 and 3 alone brought about a significant reduction in background staining, but did not increase the depth of immunostaining, as compared to the PAP technique. When all three steps were combined, however, background staining was further reduced, and there was a five- to tenfold increase in the depth of immunostaining. These readily made changes should be useful in preembedding immunocytochemistry whenever enhanced reagent penetration is required.
Dumbbell-like Au−Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Target-Specific Platin Delivery (2009)

Dumbbell-like Au-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) were made and coupled with Herceptin and a platin complex. The platin-Au-Fe(3)O(4)-Herceptin NPs act as a target-specific nanocarriers for delivery of platin into Her2-positive breast cancer cells (Sk-Br3) with strong therapeutic effects. The conjugate has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) toward Sk-Br3 cells of 1.76 microg of Pt/mL, which is lower than that needed for cisplatin (3.5 microg/mL). The work demonstrates that the dumbbell-like Au-Fe(3)O(4) NPs are promising nanocarriers for highly sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.