gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte-selective transendothelial migration: dissection of the binding and transmigration phases by an in vitro assay. (1992)

We describe a quantitative assay of transendothelial migration (TEM) that allows us to selectively study the interaction of monocytes with confluent human endothelial cell (HEC) monolayers. The HEC are grown on hydrated collagen gels; the monocytes need not be purified. 100% of monocytes transmigrated the monolayer within 1 h at 37 degrees C and accumulated in the subendothelial collagen; TEM of lymphocytes was not detected within this time. Migration of neutrophils from the same donor was much slower and incomplete, with only 14% of PMN transmigrating in 2 h. This rapid TEM occurs in the absence of exogenous chemoattractants, and HEC in this system do not express cytokine-inducible leukocyte adhesion molecules. A slight modification of the TEM assay allowed us to separate binding to the apical HEC surface from TEM. We found that tight apical surface binding was the rate-limiting step for TEM. Two-thirds of this binding and TEM could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the leukocyte beta 2 integrin chain CD18. This assay will allow us to dissect the mechanisms of both the binding and transmigration stages of diapedesis.
New biosynthetic route to catechol discovered (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew biosynthetic route to catechol discoveredSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 1, 26Publication Date (Print):January 6, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 6 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n001.p026https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n001.p026newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis. (1992)

Homogeneous catalysis using chiral metal complexes provides a general principle for chemical multiplication of chirality . A wide range of optically active substances can be synthesized catalytically by the appropriate combination of transition metals or main group elements and suitably designed chiral organic elements . This chemistry is useful not only for stereoselective preparation of chiral compounds in laboratories but also even on industrial level. The recent progress in this field greatly raised the potential of organic synthesis in general.
Adsorption and desorption of oxygen probed from ZnO nanowire films by photocurrent measurements (2005)

Sensing mechanisms of ZnO nanowire films are investigated by performing transient photocurrent measurements. The current jumps upon ultraviolet or green laser illumination. The amplitude in the jump is strongly dependent on the ambient atmosphere. The decay rate is much more sensitive to the ambient atmosphere than the rise rate. The fast rise is due to rapid photogenerated carriers and the slow decay is controlled by slow surface process. Our experimental results indicate that the oxygen physisorption rate is slower than the chemisorption rate.
Binding to human dipeptidyl peptidase IV by adenosine deaminase and antibodies that inhibit ligand binding involves overlapping, discontinuous sites on a predicted β propeller domain (1999)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is an atypical serine protease that modifies the biological activities of certain chemokines and neuropeptides. In addition, human DPPIV, also known as the T-cell activation antigen CD26, binds adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the T-cell surface, thus protecting the T-cell from adenosine-mediated inhibition of proliferation. Mutations were engineered into DPPIV (five point, 16 single point and six deletion mutations) to examine the binding of ADA and 19 monoclonal antibodies. Deletions of C-terminal residues from the 738-residue extracellular portion of DPPIV showed that the 214 residues C-terminal to Ser552 were not required for ADA binding and that peptidase activity could be ablated by deletion of 20 residues from the C-terminus. Point mutations at either of two locations, Leu294 and Val341, ablated ADA binding. Binding by six anti-DPPIV antibodies that inhibited ADA binding was found to require Leu340 to Arg343 and Thr440/Lys441 but not the 214 residues C-terminal to Ser552. The 13 other antibodies studied bound to a truncated DPPIV consisting of amino acids 1-356. Therefore, the binding sites on DPPIV of ADA and antibodies that inhibit ADA binding are discontinuous and overlapping. Moreover, the 47 and 97 residue spacing of amino acids in these binding sites concords with their location on a beta propeller fold consisting of repeated beta sheets of about 50 amino acids.
Colloidal Synthesis of NixPt1−x Nanoparticles with Tuneable Composition and Size (2006)

NixPt1−x is the missing link in the series of magnetic alloy particles. We report here on the first high-quality synthesis of this nanomaterial. Although the chemistry of the Fe, Co, and Ni compounds is usually similar, distinctive differences are found in the nucleation, growth, and shape control of the respective nanoparticles, and first magnetic measurements are presented. The image shows star-shaped agglomerates of nanoparticles.
Dextran-Coupled Deferoxamine Improves Outcome in a Murine Model of Head Injury (1992)

Tissue damage involving oxygen-derived free radicals may be greatly exacerbated by free, reactive iron, which acts as a catalyst in oxidative reactions. The effects of free iron can be attenuated by the administration of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator. However, DFO has limited therapeutic utility because it has a short plasma half-life (approximately 5.5 min in mice) and produces profound hypotension upon intravenous infusion. These negative attributes have been circumvented by the covalent attachment of DFO to large polymers, such as dextran or hydroxyethyl starch. The ability of the dextran-conjugated DFO (DEX-DFO) to inhibit iron-catalyzed reactions with lipids was compared to that of the native molecule in an in vitro model of CNS lipid degradation in the presence of 200 microM ferrous iron. There was no difference between native DFO and the modified form. Modified and unmodified DFO were also compared for therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of head injury. Using a previously described "grip test" as a measure of neurologic impairment following injury, DEX-DFO, native DFO, and dextran were administered intravenously 3-5 min after injury. Dextran-DFO significantly decreased the incidence of severe neurologic impairment at dosage levels of 0.1 (n = 92), 1.0 (n = 76), and 10.0 (n = 80) mg/kg. Administration of native DFO or dextran had no effect at the same dosages and concentrations. These results suggest that the murine model of head injury contains a significant iron-dependent component that should be assessed in other models of neural injury.
Living donor liver transplantation using dual grafts: Experience and lessons learned from cases worldwide (2015)

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), insufficient graft volume could result in small-for-size syndrome in recipients, whereas major liver donation predisposes the donor to a high risk of posthepatectomy liver failure. Dual graft LDLT is therefore introduced to obtain combined graft sufficiency. To date, 367 patients have been reported worldwide. We reviewed all the relevant literature, with a special focus on 43 case reports containing enough data to extract and analyze. A simple decision-making algorithm was developed. Dual graft LDLT is indicated when (1) a single donation is unacceptable due to graft-to-recipient size mismatch; (2) the future liver remnant is insufficient in the single donor after major resection; or (3) there is a significant underlying disorder or anatomical variation within the donor liver. The outcome of dual graft LDLT is reported to be comparable with that of single donor LDLT. Unilateral graft atrophy was found in 7 of the 43 patients, predominantly in the right-sided, heterotopic and initially smaller grafts. Technically, the heterotopic implantation and complex vascular reconstruction are the most demanding. Elaborate surgical planning and modification are needed. Ethical concerns about involving a second living donor need to be addressed. In conclusion, dual graft LDLT should be prudently performed in select cases by surgeons of proven expertise when single donation is unacceptable and a second living donor is available. The decision-making criteria need to be standardized. More surgical modification and clinical research are needed.
Targeting the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in the Central Nervous System: Potential Therapy for Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease? (2004)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the CNS and a leading cause of disability. Inflammatory mediators play an orchestrating part in lesional development leading to symptoms. Chemokines -- chemoattractant cytokines -- regulate the inflammatory composite of the MS lesion. This review focuses on the present data regarding CXCL10 (previously known as IP-10) and CXRC3 in multiple sclerosis, since consistent data has suggested that this chemokine/chemokine receptor pair has a pivotal role in leukocyte recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis.
Lysyl Oxidase Expression and Collagen Cross-Linking during Chronic Adriamycin Nephropathy (1997)

Collagen cross-linking induced by lysyl oxidase has been implicated in liver and lung fibrosis. To define the role of this process in kidney fibrosis, we investigated the renal expression of lysyl oxidase and the content in collagen cross-links at various stages of chronic Adriamycin nephropathy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Lysyl oxidase expression was determined by RT-PCR; collagen pyridinium residues, indicating lysyl oxidase induced cross-links, were evaluated by HPLC. These parameters followed a synergic albeit asynchronous outcome: (a) lysyl oxidase mRNA levels in total kidney, glomeruli and medulla from Adriamycin-treated rats increased up to 3 times compared to controls between week 8 and 12, then returning within the normal range; (b) the pyridinium residue content did not show any significant difference between Adriamycin-treated and control rats, until diffuse interstitial fibrosis developed (16 weeks), showing at this time a 2- to 3-fold increment. Lysyl oxidase was expressed by several renal cell lines and in tubular-epithelial cells it was up-regulated in vitro by TGF beta-1, a recognized fibrogenetic factor in Adriamycin nephropathy. Our observations demonstrated that an increased expression of lysyl oxidase in the kidney precedes the development of diffuse fibrotic lesions and that, at this stage, collagenic structures contain highly cross-linked components, the final product of lysyl oxidase activity. The evidence of lysyl oxidase up-regulation in tubular epithelial cells by the same factor implicated in Adriamycin toxicity in the kidney suggests a common pathogenetic mechanism. Collagen cross-link formation by lysyl oxidase may be implicated in the pathogenesis of irreversible, fibrotic renal lesions.
Reversibly Stretchable Transparent Conductive Coatings of Spray-Deposited Silver Nanowires (2012)

Here, we report the creation of highly adhesive transparent and stretchable coatings via spray-deposition of solution-based silver nanowires (AgNWs). The AgNW dispersion was spray-deposited on a polydopamine-modified stretchable elastomeric substrate to prepare thin, stretchable, transparent, highly conductive films. The polydopamine layer on the elastomeric substrate created a highly hydrophilic surface, which facilitated the subsequent spraying of the AgNW solution. Additionally, the spray-deposited AgNWs demonstrated excellent adhesion to the substrate, which allowed the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with high conductivity. The AgNW-coated elastomeric substrate exhibited ~80% transmittance with an average sheet resistance of ~35 Ω/□, making it suitable for transparent electrode applications. The conductivity of the transparent electrode was maintained up to ~20% mechanical elongation, which demonstrated the stretchable characteristics of the AgNW-coated elastomeric substrate.
Prevalence and atherosclerosis risk in different types of non-diabetic hyperglycemia. Is mild hyperglycemia an underestimated evil? (2000)

So far little is known about the importance of different types of non-diabetic hyperglycemia for the development of macrovascular disease. The aim of this work was to examine the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA), a well-accepted marker of atherosclerosis, as well as various risk factors for atherosclerosis in non-diabetic subjects with isolated fasting (IFH; n=67), isolated postchallenge (IPH; n=82) and combined hyperglycemia (CH; n=88) in comparison to normoglycemic (NG; n=265) controls. Subjects were participants of the RIAD study (Risk Factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes). IMT in the IPH (IMTmean: 0.89+/-0.02 mm; IMTmax: 1.01+/-0.02 mm; mean+/-SEM) and CH group (IMTmean: 0.91+/-0.02 mm; IMTmax: 1.03+/-0.02 mm) was significantly increased vs. the NG (IMTmean: 0.82+/-0.01 mm; IMTmax: 0.94+/-0.01 mm) and IFH group (IMTmean: 0.81+/-0.02 mm; IMTmax: 0.90+/-0.03 mm). IMT of the IFH group was similar to the normoglycemic controls. Subjects in the first and second tertile for postchallenge plasma glucose have similar carotid IMT irrespective of the level of fasting plasma glucose. The individuals of the third tertile for 2 h plasma glucose, whether in the first, second or third tertile of fasting plasma glucose, showed the same carotid IMT, which was significantly higher than all other groups, except for the one with lowest tertile for fasting and postchallenge plasma glucose. Except for total cholesterol and von Willebrand factor the levels of all other risk parameters were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic groups in comparison to the normoglycemic controls. Among the hyperglycemic subjects the CH group was at the highest risk for atherosclerosis with significantly increased levels of plasma triglycerides, fibrinogen, PAI-1, albuminuria, HDL-triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin and proinsulin, and significantly reduced HDL-cholesterol in comparison to the normoglycemic controls. In summary, postchallenge hyperglycemia within the non-diabetic range is associated with atherosclerosis, as measured by the increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. Furthermore, cardiovascular risk factors are significantly raised in all types of non-diabetic hyperglycemia.
Detection of thermal waves through optical reflectance (1985)

We show that thermal wave detection and analysis can be performed, in a noncontact and highly sensitive manner, through the dependence of sample optical reflectance on temperature. Applications to the study of microelectronic materials are illustrated by an example of measuring the thickness of thin metal films.
Polymers with Cavities Tuned for Fast Selective Transport of Small Molecules and Ions (2007)

Within a polymer film, free-volume elements such as pores and channels typically have a wide range of sizes and topologies. This broad range of free-volume element sizes compromises a polymer's ability to perform molecular separations. We demonstrated free-volume structures in dense vitreous polymers that enable outstanding molecular and ionic transport and separation performance that surpasses the limits of conventional polymers. The unusual microstructure in these materials can be systematically tailored by thermally driven segment rearrangement. Free-volume topologies can be tailored by controlling the degree of rearrangement, flexibility of the original chain, and judicious inclusion of small templating molecules. This rational tailoring of free-volume element architecture provides a route for preparing high-performance polymers for molecular-scale separations.
Regulation of the Interleukin (IL)-12R β2 Subunit Expression in Developing T Helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 Cells (1997)

The developmental commitment to a T helper 1 (Th1)- or Th2-type response can significantly influence host immunity to pathogens. Extinction of the IL-12 signaling pathway during early Th2 development provides a mechanism that allows stable phenotype commitment. In this report we demonstrate that extinction of IL-12 signaling in early Th2 cells results from a selective loss of IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) beta 2 subunit expression. To determine the basis for this selective loss, we examined IL-12R beta 2 subunit expression during Th cell development in response to T cell treatment with different cytokines. IL-12R beta 2 is not expressed by naive resting CD4+ T cells, but is induced upon antigen activation through the T cell receptor. Importantly, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were found to significantly modify IL-12 receptor beta 2 expression after T cell activation. IL-4 inhibited IL-12R beta 2 expression leading to the loss of IL-12 signaling, providing an important point of regulation to promote commitment to the Th2 pathway. IFN-gamma treatment of early developing Th2 cells maintained IL-12R beta 2 expression and restored the ability of these cells to functionally respond to IL-12, but did not directly inhibit IL-4 or induce IFN-gamma production. Thus, IFN-gamma may prevent early Th cells from premature commitment to the Th2 pathway. Controlling the expression of the IL-12R beta 2 subunit could be an important therapeutic target for the redirection of ongoing Th cell responses.
Response of Adipose Tissue to Early Infection With Trypanosoma cruzi (Brazil Strain) (2012)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) and adipocytes are targets of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Adipose tissue obtained from CD-1 mice 15 days after infection, an early stage of infection revealed a high parasite load. There was a significant increase in macrophages in infected adipose tissue and a reduction in lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, and fat mass and increased expression of lipolytic enzymes. Infection increased levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR9 and in the expression of components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ were increased in WAT, whereas protein and mRNA levels of adiponectin were significantly reduced in BAT and WAT. The mRNA levels of cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors were increased. Nuclear Factor Kappa B levels were increased in BAT, whereas Iκκ-γ levels increased in WAT. Adipose tissue is an early target of T. cruzi infection.
Use of porcine factor VIII in the treatment of patients with acquired hemophilia (1993)

Data have been collected from 47 centers in Europe and North America on the treatment with porcine factor VIII concentrate of 74 acute bleeding episodes in 65 patients with acquired hemophilia. The median initial anti-human factor VIII auto-antibody inhibitor level was 38 Bethesda unit (BU)/mL (range 1.2 to 1,024) whereas that against porcine was 1 BU/mL (range 0 to 15). The mean initial dose of porcine factor VIII infused was 84 IU/kg, which increased the plasma factor VIII:C activity by 0.85 IU/mL. Therapy was continued for a mean of 8.5 days during which time the average number of infusions was 11. Objective clinical responses were rated as good or excellent in 78% of recipients. Side effects were uncommon; only one patient experienced a severe anaphylactic reaction necessitating the discontinuation of porcine FVIII therapy. After therapy, no increase in the median level of anti-human FVIII or anti-porcine antibody was noted in the group as a whole, although 13 patients showed individual increases in either anti-human or anti-porcine antibody levels or both of more than 10 BU/mL. Of the 7 patients who subsequently rebled, 5 were successfully re-treated and 2 did not respond to further porcine factor VIII treatment. Porcine factor VIII is safe and clinically effective treatment for bleeding episodes associated with acquired hemophilia and should be considered as first-line therapy for patients whose acquired anti-factor VIII:C antibody cross-reacts with porcine factor VIII:C at low levels.
Effect of Altered Redox States on Expression and DNA-Binding Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (1995)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS DNA-binding protein tightly regulated by cellular oxygen tension. Cellular redox states are related to hypoxia by changes in the expression of redox regulated genes and the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. Here, we provide evidence that alteration of cellular redox states by treating cells with H2O2 or dithiothreitol impairs hypoxia signaling mechanisms and the expression of HIF-1 alpha protein in hypoxic cells. In addition, HIF-1 DNA-binding activity in vitro is sensitive to oxidizing reagents diamide and H2O2 and the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. The activity of N-ethylmaleimide-inactivated HIF-1 can be partially restored by addition of nuclear extract from nonhypoxic cells.
Integrated plasma equipment model for polysilicon etch profiles in an inductively coupled plasma reactor with subwafer and superwafer topography (1997)

Above wafer topography of the substrate, such as wafer clamps, is known to impact adjacent feature profiles during plasma etching of microelectronic devices. The consequences of subwafer topography, such as electrostatic chucks and cooling channels, on feature profiles is less well characterized. To investigate these issues we have developed and integrated a plasma equipment model and a Monte Carlo feature profile model, and applied the integrated model to investigate polysilicon etching in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. We find that, when using low conductivity wafers, subwafer topography reduces the sheath potentials above the wafer which results in lower ion energies incident on the wafer. Etch rates sensitive to ion power are therefore also reduced. Due to the perturbation of the presheath and sheath, subwafer topography can also affect the angular distribution of the ion flux incident on the wafer which then results in asymmetric etch profiles. Superwafer structures perturb both the magnitude and angular distribution of the ion flux due to shadowing at the edge of the wafer. This leads to lower etch rates and asymmetric etch profiles. Inhibitor fluxes can be used to control the etch profile shape but only at relatively low magnitudes of those fluxes.