gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affine visual servoing: a framework for relative positioning with a robot (2002)

In this paper, a framework for vision-based relative positioning called affine visual servoing (AVS) is presented, in which the changes in shape of image contours are used in order to control the positioning process. A feedforward control strategy complements the feedback loop, thus enhancing both speed and the overall performance of the system. The full linearization of the visual servoing problem results in a dramatical reduction of the computational burden for both the control and vision subsystems. Good simulation results with stable behavior show that the approach may be successfully applied for the design of complex positioning tasks, such as navigating by means of natural landmarks, or mimicking human gestures.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Chitinase-a from the Seeds of Rye (Secale cereal) (1994)

The complete amino acid sequence of rye seed chitinase-a (RSC-a) has been analyzed. RSC-a was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the resulting three fragments, CB1, CB2, and CB3, were separated by gel filtration. The amino acids of the N-terminal fragment CB1 were sequenced by analyzing the peptides produced by digestion with trypsin, lysylendopeptidase, or pepsin of reduced S-carboxymethyl ated or S-aminoethylated CB1. The sequences of fragments CB2 and CB3 were established by sequencing the tryptic peptides from reduced S-carboxymethylated CB2 and CB3, and by aligning them with the sequence of rye seed chitinase-c (RSC-c) to maximize sequence homology. The complete amino acid sequence of RSC-a was established by connecting these three fragments. RSC-a consists of 302 amino acid residues including hydroxyproline residues, and has a molecular mass of 31,722 Da. RSC-a is basic protein with a cysteine-rich amino terminal domain, indicating that this enzyme belongs to class I chitinases. The amino acid sequence of RSC-a showed that the sequence from Gly60 to C-terminal Ala302 in this enzyme corresponds to that of RSC-c belonging to class II chitinases with 92% identity, and that RSC-a has high similarity to other plant class I chitinases but a longer hinge region and an extra disulfide bond.
Maternal plasma lipid concentrations in early pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia*1 (2004)

Early pregnancy dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. This association may be significant in understanding the pathologic processes of preeclampsia and may help in developing strategies for prevention or early diagnosis of the disorder.
CENP-A is phosphorylated by Aurora B kinase and plays an unexpected role in completion of cytokinesis (2001)

Aurora B is a mitotic protein kinase that phosphorylates histone H3, behaves as a chromosomal passenger protein, and functions in cytokinesis. We investigated a role for Aurora B with respect to human centromere protein A (CENP-A), a centromeric histone H3 homologue. Aurora B concentrates at centromeres in early G2, associates with histone H3 and centromeres at the times when histone H3 and CENP-A are phosphorylated, and phosphorylates histone H3 and CENP-A in vitro at a similar target serine residue. Dominant negative phosphorylation site mutants of CENP-A result in a delay at the terminal stage of cytokinesis (cell separation). The only molecular defects detected in analysis of 22 chromosomal, spindle, and regulatory proteins were disruptions in localization of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Aurora B, and a putative partner phosphatase, PP1gamma1. Our data support a model where CENP-A phosphorylation is involved in regulating Aurora B, INCENP, and PP1gamma1 targeting within the cell. These experiments identify an unexpected role for the kinetochore in regulation of cytokinesis.
A combined implicit–explicit algorithm in time for non‐linear finite element analysis (2005)

Abstract An algorithm combining the numerical execution in time of implicit and explicit methods of solution is presented in this paper. The algorithm swaps between both methods as required for the analysis. The whole mesh is solved for an unique method at once, i.e. there are no partitions of the mesh for separate implicit or explicit treatment of the solution. The combination is in‐time, in such a manner that if the implicit method starts diverging the explicit one is initiated by appropriate conditions of transition. The formulation is presented first and its implementation is validated by the analysis of a key numerical example. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The tubulin code: Molecular components, readout mechanisms, and functions (2014)

Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments that are dynamically assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. The primary sequence and structure of the tubulin proteins and, consequently, the properties and architecture of microtubules are highly conserved in eukaryotes. Despite this conservation, tubulin is subject to heterogeneity that is generated in two ways: by the expression of different tubulin isotypes and by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Identifying the mechanisms that generate and control tubulin heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity affects microtubule function are long-standing goals in the field. Recent work on tubulin PTMs has shed light on how these modifications could contribute to a "tubulin code" that coordinates the complex functions of microtubules in cells.
Acidic pH promotes intervertebral disc degeneration: Acid-sensing ion channel -3 as a potential therapeutic target (2016)

The aetiology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration remains poorly understood. Painful IVD degeneration is associated with an acidic intradiscal pH but the response of NP cells to this aberrant microenvironmental factor remains to be fully characterised. The aim here was to address the hypothesis that acidic pH, similar to that found in degenerate IVDs, leads to the altered cell/functional phenotype observed during IVD degeneration, and to investigate the involvement of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) -3 in the response. Human NP cells were treated with a range of pH, from that of a non-degenerate (pH 7.4 and 7.1) through to mildly degenerate (pH 6.8) and severely degenerate IVD (pH 6.5 and 6.2). Increasing acidity of pH caused a decrease in cell proliferation and viability, a shift towards matrix catabolism and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and pain-related factors. Acidic pH resulted in an increase in ASIC-3 expression. Importantly, inhibition of ASIC-3 prevented the acidic pH induced proinflammatory and pain-related phenotype in NP cells. Acidic pH causes a catabolic and degenerate phenotype in NP cells which is inhibited by blocking ASIC-3 activity, suggesting that this may be a useful therapeutic target for treatment of IVD degeneration.
Escape from redox regulation enhances the transforming activity of Fos. (1993)

Fos and Jun form dimeric complexes that bind to DNA sequences containing activator protein 1 (AP-1) sites and regulate gene expression. The in vitro DNA-binding activity of these proteins is sensitive to reduction-oxidation (redox). Reduction of a single conserved cysteine residue, located in the DNA-binding domain, either by reducing agents or by a nuclear redox factor (Ref-1), is required for AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Replacing the critical cysteine with serine results in a protein that can bind to DNA in vitro even under oxidizing conditions. To determine whether redox control affects the function of Fos in vivo, we have constructed, and compared the properties of, retroviral vectors expressing either a truncated Fos protein (F118-211) or a truncated Fos protein in which the critical cysteine was replaced by serine (FC154S). In infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), both vectors expressed similar levels of Fos protein, which formed heterodimers with Jun at equivalent efficiencies. However, extracts from cells expressing FC154S exhibited a threefold increase in AP-1 DNA-binding activity compared with cells expressing F118-211. Furthermore, this enhanced binding activity was resistant to treatment with the oxidizing agent diamide. Infection of CEFs by virus expressing FC154S resulted in increased numbers of transformed colonies and an increase in colony size compared with those obtained following infection by virus expressing Fos 118-211. These results suggest that redox regulation may limit the total level of functional Fos-Jun complexes in vivo and that escape from this control enhances transforming activity.
Activation and inactivation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents by rat hepatocytes cocultured with human tumor cell lines. (1984)

While colony formation assays provide sensitive indices of tumor cell proliferation and growth inhibition imposed by many chemotherapeutic agents, drugs which require metabolic activation lack activity in such assays. In the present study, we have utilized freshly isolated rat hepatocytes for the activation of drugs which are metabolized by hepatic microsomal as well as extra-microsomal enzymes. Hepatocytes in fluid medium are placed over soft-agarose matrix containing tumor-derived cells (e.g., A204, A549) within 35-mm culture dishes; drug and/or drug vehicle is added directly to the hepatocyte layer, and cultures are incubated for 24 hr prior to removal of the hepatocyte layer. Tumor cell colony formation is assessed following 7 to 10 days of incubation. Cyclophosphamide was used as a prototype agent to assess utility of the coculture methodology. In vivo treatment of rats with phenobarbital prior to hepatocyte isolation enhances cyclophosphamide toxicity in vitro, whereas pretreatment with carbon tetrachloride markedly reduced subsequent in vitro cyclophosphamide cytotoxicity. Hepatocyte:tumor cell cocultures provide an efficient means to detect metabolic activation and inactivation of several selected cancer chemotherapeutic agents as well. In the presence of hepatocytes, the 50% growth-inhibitory concentrations for cyclophosphamide, indicine N-oxide, and procarbazine are markedly decreased, whereas the 50% growth-inhibitory concentrations for [2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-diazo-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diyl]bis(c arbamic acid)diethyl ester, 1,3-bis-chloro(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine are significantly increased. By contrast, the 50% growth-inhibitory concentrations for actinomycin D, mitomycin C, 6-mercaptopurine, and other agents are unaffected by hepatocyte presence. Cryopreserved hepatocytes exhibit detectable levels of drug activation, although inadequate for routine use. Results suggest that hepatocyte:tumor cell cocultures may be well-suited for assessing the degree to which hepatic metabolism may activate or inactivate new anticancer drugs.
Self-Examination of Thyroid Nodules. (2000)

The management of occult small thyroid nodules found by ultrasonography is sometimes problematic. Self-palpation may be utilized in the follow-up of these nodules. We developed a method of thyroid self-examination (TSE). We examined the size of the nodules palpable by this method by ultrasonography. In 78 patients examined, all 38 tumors more than 2 cm in size, whereas only one of 14 tumors less than or equal to 1 cm in size, were palpable. These results suggest the clinical usefulness of TSE in the follow-up of thyroid tumors, which are very common and slow-growing.
Quantum cascade lasers using double quantum well superlattices (2002)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using double quantum well superlattices as the active region of a quantum cascade (QC) laser. The features of the new design allow for much greater flexibility than previous SL QC lasers opening the possibility for new laser designs. For example, we could create an "injector-less" quantum cascade structure. The elimination of the injector region increases the overlap of the mode intensity profile with the active material while also increasing the number of active layers that can fit within a given waveguide core. This would lower the threshold and increase the output power compared to a laser requiring injectors.
[Continuous dynamic record of intracuff pressure in endotracheal intubated patients]. (1991)

As static intracuff pressure record does not represent the pressure changes occurring during sputum suction, cough, and struggle, we have designed a PC polygraph to attempt a continuous dynamic monitoring. By means of a 93-7800 PC polygraph, we obtained 11 continuous dynamic records (129.2 +/- 44.2 min., average) of intracuff pressures from 11 inhalation anesthetized patients and 8 records (23.4 +/- 12.4 min., average) from 6 awake ventilatory assisted patients on whom the Hilo endotracheal tube was used. In anesthetized patients, the ratios of peak pressure (P) to base line pressure (P) labeled in 8 oral suction, 23 endotracheal suction, and 11 struggles were 181.2 +/- 63.1%, 161.8 +/- 51.9% and 162.0 +/- 53.9% respectively. The ratios of labeled complex average pressure (P) to base line pressure were 132.8 +/- 32.5%, 126.2 +/- 27.3% and 126.1 +/- 27.8% respectively. In awake ventilatory assisted patients, the ratios of P/P labeled in 15 oral suction, 45 endotracheal suction, 28 coughs, and 8 struggles were 235.0 +/- 69.4%, 305.0 +/- 295.7%, 236.9 +/- 80.0%, and 174.7 +/- 65.0% respectively. The ratios of P/P were 131.9 +/- 55.9%, 139.5 +/- 50.1%, 156.9 +/- 46.8%, and 122.1 +/- 36.5%. Reduction of endotracheal cuff pressure was noted immediately after removal of upper intrathoracic tumors measuring from 56.8 +/- 7.6 mmHg to 41.9 +/- 6.4 mmHg in 3 patients. Time summation of the labeled events in five of our six ICU patients averaged less than 6% during the entire course of monitoring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Annular tears and disc degeneration in the lumbar spine. A post-mortem study of 135 discs (1992)

We studied 135 lumbar discs from 27 spines removed post-mortem from subjects of an average age of 31.5 years. Defects of the annulus fibrosus were classified as peripheral, circumferential or radiating; the nucleus pulposus as normal, moderately or severely degenerate. Peripheral tears were more frequent in the anterior annulus, except in the L5-S1 disc. Circumferential tears were equally distributed between the anterior and the posterior annulus. Almost all the radiating tears were in the posterior annulus, and closely related to the presence of severe nuclear degeneration. Histology suggested that peripheral tears were due to trauma rather than biochemical degradation, and that they developed independently of nuclear degeneration. The association of peripheral annular lesions with low back pain is uncertain but our study suggests that they may have a role in the pathogenesis of discogenic pain.
On parameter estimation of MIMO flat-fading channels with frequency offsets (2003)

We address the frequency offsets and channel gains estimation problem for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) flat-fading channel using a training sequence. The general case where the frequency offsets are possibly different for each transmit antenna is considered. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the problem at hand is derived. Additionally, we present a simple, closed-form expression for the large-sample CRB and show that it depends in a simple way on the channel parameters. Next, the parameters estimation issue is investigated. First, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), which entails solving an n-dimensional maximization problem where n is the number of transmit antennas, is derived. Then, we show that the likelihood function can be written as the product of n one-dimensional (1-D) functions if a suitable choice of the training sequence is made. Based on this fact, we suggest two computationally simpler methods. Numerical examples that illustrate the performance of the estimators and compare it with the CRB are provided.
Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies. (1998)

Only a few autoantibodies that are more or less specific for RA have been described so far. The rheumatoid factor most often tested for is not very specific for RA, while the more specific antiperinuclear factor for several reasons is not routinely used as a serological parameter. Here we show that autoantibodies reactive with synthetic peptides containing the unusual amino acid citrulline, a posttranslationally modified arginine residue, are specifically present in the sera of RA patients. Using several citrulline-containing peptide variants in ELISA, antibodies could be detected in 76% of RA sera with a specificity of 96%. Sera showed a remarkable variety in the reactivity pattern towards different citrulline-containing peptides. Affinity-purified antibodies were shown to be positive in the immunofluorescence-based antiperinuclear factor test, and in the so-called antikeratin antibody test, and were reactive towards filaggrin extracted from human epidermis. The specific nature of these antibodies and the presence of these antibodies early in disease, even before other disease manifestations occur, are indicative for a possible role of citrulline-containing epitopes in the pathogenesis of RA.
Facing Antibiotic Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus Phages as a Medical Tool (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus is a common and often virulent pathogen in humans. This bacterium is widespread, being present on the skin and in the nose of healthy people. Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections with severe outcomes ranging from pustules to sepsis and death. The introduction of antibiotics led to a general belief that the problem of bacterial infections would be solved. Nonetheless, pathogens including staphylococci have evolved mechanisms of drug resistance. Among current attempts to address this problem, phage therapy offers a promising alternative to combat staphylococcal infections. Here, we present an overview of current knowledge on staphylococcal infections and bacteriophages able to kill Staphylococcus, including experimental studies and available data on their clinical use.
Equilibria between Linear and Cyclic Polymers in Methylpolysiloxanes (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibria between Linear and Cyclic Polymers in MethylpolysiloxanesDonald W. ScottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 11, 2294–2298Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01215a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01215a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus: in vivo and in vitro Polypeptide Synthesis (1988)

Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus is a paramyxovirus associated with recent outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in turkeys. On morphological criteria it resembles the pneumoviruses more than the other members of the paramyxovirus family. In this communication we report the identification of five virus-induced polypeptides in TRT virus-infected BS-C-1 cells. The Mr of these polypeptides were estimated as 38K, 35K, 30K, 19K and 15K from their electrophoretic mobility in SDS-polyacrylamide 6 to 15% gradient gels. The virus specificity of four (the 38K, 35K, 30K and 19K Mr polypeptides) of these five was confirmed by their predominance as products of in vitro translation of mRNA from TRT virus-infected BS-C-1 cells. An additional virus-specific polypeptide with an estimated Mr of 22K was revealed by in vitro translation and may be either a non-structural polypeptide or a minor structural protein. All six polypeptides were immunoprecipitated by a murine antiserum. Three other polypeptides (129K, 57K and 45K) were also immunoprecipitated. The 57K, 45K and 15K Mr polypeptides were glycosylated, and the 57K glycopolypeptide may be a disulphide-bonded dimer of the 45K and 15K glycopolypeptides. Another major glycopolypeptide of 83K Mr was observed but its virus-specificity could not be confirmed. Taken together our results tentatively identify eight or nine TRT virus-specified polypeptides and are consistent with the classification of TRT virus as a new member of the genus Pneumovirus.
Recent developments in the study of continuous random networks (2002)

Abstract We report on recent progress in the development of new techniques to generate high-quality models of continuous random networks, which are used as models for elemental and binary tetrahedral semiconductors such as amorphous Si and amorphous GaAs. The availability of such models has allowed us to look at a number of outstanding issues regarding their electronic properties, the fundamental role of defects and dynamics. We describe briefly our modifications made to the Wooten-Winer-Weaire bond-switching algorithm, allowing us to produce low-strain amorphous and paracrystalline networks of up to 10000 atoms. Then some of the structural and electronic properties of these models are presented. We also discuss briefly some recent results on the recrystallization of amorphous networks.
Evaluation of chondrocytes expression embedded in thermoresponsive poly(amino acid)s with sol-gel transition. (2007)

Poly(N-substituted alpha/beta-asparagine) was evaluated as a thermoresponsible and an injectable scaffold for cartilage regeneration. Solutions of this polymer are liquid state below 25 degrees C and nonfluid hydrogel above 35 degrees C, allowing an aqueous solution containing cells at room temperature to form a hydrogel with encapsulated cells at physiological body temperature. Chondrocytes were isolated from joint of 4-week-old Japanese white rabbits, dispersed within the thermoresponsive polymer solution and maintained for up to 72 hours in vitro. The polymer solutions demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on chondrocytes multiplication. After the three-day cultivation, the survival rate of the chondrocytes fell into a 70~90% ranges among all the tested polymer concentrations. The morphology studies showed that there were some physical and/or chemical stress leading cells to necrosis and some extent apoptosis. Some physical and/or chemical stress may be applied, and over 70% of the chondrocytes could survive through the stress, suggesting that some phenotype could have been selected from the heterogeneous mixture of chondrocytes.
Introduction: history and overview of insect hydrocarbons (2010)

The long-chain hydrocarbons of insects play central roles in the waterproofing of the insect cuticle and function extensively in chemical communication where relatively non-volatile chemicals are required. The recognition of the critical roles that hydrocarbons serve as sex pheromones, kairomones, species and gender recognition cues, nestmate recognition, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, primer pheromones and task-specific cues has resulted in an explosion of new information in the past several decades, and, indeed, served as the impetus for this book.