gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone: Metabolic Clearance Rates, Integrated Concentrations, and Production Rates in Normal Adults and the Effect of Prednisone (1972)

A constant withdrawal pump was used to determine the integrated concentration of growth hormone (ICGH) which was used in conjunction with the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of growth hormone (GH) to calculate the GH production rates (GHPR) in normal adults, acromegalics, and normal controls receiving prednisone. The mean ICGH for 22 premenopausal females on no medication was 3.0+/-1.6 ng/ml (sd) which is significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the mean of 6.6+/-2.9 for 10 women receiving oral contraceptives and significantly higher than the means of 1.5+/-0.75 for 5 postmenopausal females (P < 0.05) and 1.8+/-1.0 for 16 adult males (P < 0.01) which are comparable. The mean GHPR's in mg/24 hr per m(2) for the four groups are: normal females = 0.52+/-0.24 (sd), females receiving contraceptive pills = 1.65+/-0.58 (P < 0.005), postmenopausal females = 0.26+/-0.12 (P < 0.025), and adult males 0.35+/-0.23 (P < 0.025).Three untreated acromegalic patients had ICGH's of 59, 82, and 93 ng/ml and GHPR's ranging from 14.5 to 17.9 mg/24 hr. Prednisone in a dose of 20 mg t.i.d. for 8 days significantly decreased both the ICGH and GHPR. Alternate day prednisone (60 mg in a single q.o.d. dose) resulted in less consistent inhibition of GH release which may play a role in the more normal growth seen in children receiving q.o.d. prednisone.
Bridging multiple user interface dimensions with augmented reality (2002)

Studierstube is an experimental user interface system which uses collaborative augmented reality to incorporate true 3D interaction into a productivity environment. This concept is extended to bridge multiple user interface dimensions by including multiple users, multiple host platforms, multiple display types, multiple concurrent applications and a multi-context (i.e. 3D document) interface into a heterogeneous distributed environment. With this architecture, we can explore the user interface design space between pure augmented reality and the popular ubiquitous computing paradigm. We report on our design philosophy, which is centered around the notion of contexts and locales, as well as the underlying software and hardware architecture. Contexts encapsulate a live application together with 3D (visual) and other data, while locales are used to organize geometric reference systems. By separating geometric relationships (locales) from semantic relationships (contexts), we achieve a great amount of flexibility in the configuration of displays. To illustrate our claims, we present several applications, including a cinematographic design tool which showcases many features of our system.
The reaction of oxidizing agents with wool. 5. The oxidation products of the disulphide bond and the formation of a sulphonamide in the peptide chain (1951)

Research Article| July 01 1951 The reaction of oxidizing agents with wool. 5. The oxidation products of the disulphide bond and the formation of a sulphonamide in the peptide chain P. Alexander; P. Alexander 1Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Fox; M. Fox 1Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. F. Hudson R. F. Hudson 1Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Biochem J (1951) 49 (2): 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490129 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. Alexander, M. Fox, R. F. Hudson; The reaction of oxidizing agents with wool. 5. The oxidation products of the disulphide bond and the formation of a sulphonamide in the peptide chain. Biochem J 1 July 1951; 49 (2): 129–138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490129 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Repair of Infarcted Myocardium Mediated by Transplanted Bone Marrow–Derived CD34 + Stem Cells in a Nonhuman Primate Model (2005)

Rodent and human clinical studies have shown that transplantation of bone marrow stem cells to the ischemic myocardium results in improved cardiac function. In this study, cynomolgus monkey acute myocardial infarction was generated by ligating the left anterior descending artery, and autologous CD34(+) cells were transplanted to the peri-ischemic zone. To track the in vivo fate of transplanted cells, CD34(+) cells were genetically marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using a lentivirus vector before transplantation (marking efficiency, 41% on average). The group receiving cells (n = 4) demonstrated improved regional blood flow and cardiac function compared with the saline-treated group (n =4) at 2 weeks after transplant. However, very few transplanted cell-derived, GFP-positive cells were found incorporated into the vascular structure, and GFP-positive cardiomyocytes were not detected in the repaired tissue. On the other hand, cultured CD34(+) cells were found to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the in vivo regional VEGF levels showed a significant increase after the transplantation. These results suggest that the improvement is not the result of generation of transplanted cell-derived endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes; and raise the possibility that angiogenic cytokines secreted from transplanted cells potentiate angiogenic activity of endogenous cells.
Angiogenetic and Anti-Angiogenetic Effects of Estradiol and its Metabolites (2001)

Atherosclerotic plaques in later stages exhibit marked presence of new micro vessels. Thus angiogenesis may be important for the development of atherosclerotic plaques and long-term anti-angiogenetic therapy may present an effective new antiatherosclerotic approach. 2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous estradiol metabolite, has already been shown to be an effective anti-angiogenetic substance. In the present study 14 endogenous estradiol metabolites were tested on their angiogenetic and anti-angiogenetic properties and compared to the effect of their parent substance, 17β-estradiol. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were used for the experiments. 17β-estradiol showed a biphasic reaction on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. At low concentration it stimulated and at high concentrations it inhibited cell growth. The same pattern was observed for the hydroxylated A-ring metabolites. Methylation of these metabolites, however, completely abrogated the anti-proliferative effect at high concentrations, except for the metabolite 2-hydroxyestradiol. For the D-ring metabolites no marked changes were observed. These results indicate that in addition to 2-methoxyestradiol other endogenous estradiol metabolites are potent antiangiogenetic substances at high dosages. Since some of these metabolites are almost devoid of any estrogenic property, they may be useful for long-term anti-angiogenetic therapy in both men and women. This should be of interest to clinical pharmacological research since it points to potential new aspects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Clin Basic Cardiol 2001; 4: 153–155.
[Does cognitive performance of adolescents with anorexia nervosa change with treatment?]. (1997)

In the present pilot study 52 inpatients with anorexia nervosa were examined with regard to cognitive impairments. A psychological assessment was made on admission (T1) and shortly before discharge (T2), the focus being on fluency aspects of cognitive functioning. The results showed high test scores at T1 on all cognitive measures and improvement in cognitive functioning in the course of inpatient treatment. However, the level of cognitive functioning was not correlated with weight loss or duration of illness. Patients who were discharged with a BMI below 17.5 kg/m2 scored even higher at T1 (reaction time, concentration task) than those with a BMI above 17.5 kg/m2, pointing to a negative association between cognitive performance and outcome (target weight). Psychopathological variables that may play a role and that should therefore be considered in future research are discussed.
Photocurrent Enhancement of n-Type Cu2O Electrodes Achieved by Controlling Dendritic Branching Growth (2009)

Cu(2)O electrodes composed of dendritic crystals were produced electrochemically using a slightly acidic medium (pH 4.9) containing acetate buffer. The buffer played a key role for stabilizing dendritic branching growth as a pH drop during the synthesis prevents formation of morphologically unstable branches and promotes faceted growth. Dendritic branching growth enabled facile coverage of the substrate with Cu(2)O while avoiding growth of a thicker Cu(2)O layer and increasing surface areas. The resulting electrodes showed n-type behavior by generating anodic photocurrent without applying an external bias (zero-bias photocurrent under short-circuit condition) in an Ar-purged 0.02 M K(2)SO(4) solution. The zero-bias photocurrent of crystalline dendritic electrodes was significantly higher than that of the electrodes containing micrometer-size faceted crystals deposited without buffer. In order to enhance photocurrent further a strategy of improving charge-transport properties by increasing dendritic crystal domain size was investigated. Systematic changes in nucleation density and size of the dendritic Cu(2)O crystals were achieved by altering the deposition potential, Cu(2+) concentration, and acetate concentration. Increasing dendritic crystal size consistently resulted in the improvement of photocurrent regardless of the method used to regulate crystal size. The electrode composed of dendritic crystals with the lateral dimension of ca. 12000 microm(2) showed more than 20 times higher zero-bias photocurrent than that composed of dendritic crystals with the lateral dimension of ca. 100 microm(2). The n-type nature of the Cu(2)O electrodes prepared by this study were confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry with chopped light and capacitance measurements (i.e., Mott-Schottky plots). The flatband potential in a 0.2 M K(2)SO(4) solution (pH 6) was estimated to be -0.78 vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The IPCE measured without applying an external bias was approximately 1% for the visible region. With appropriate doping studies and surface treatment to improve charge transport and interfacial kinetics more efficient n-type Cu(2)O electrodes will be prepared for use in various photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic devices.
Degradation of Outer Membrane Protein A in Escherichia coli Killing by Neutrophil Elastase (2000)

In determining the mechanism of neutrophil elastase (NE)-mediated killing of Escherichia coli, we found that NE degraded outer membrane protein A (OmpA), localized on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. NE killed wild-type, but not OmpA-deficient, E. coli. Also, whereas NE-deficient mice had impaired survival in response to E. coli sepsis, as compared to wild-type mice, the presence or absence of NE had no influence on survival in response to sepsis that had been induced with OmpA-deficient E. coli. These findings define a mechanism of nonoxidative bacterial killing by NE and point to OmpA as a bacterial target in host defense.
Azathioprine: old drug, new actions (2003)

A knowledge of the biochemical loci of action of 6-MP in the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is not sufficient to explain the effects of the thiopurines on the immune system.

—Gertrude B. Elion (Winner of 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine for “important principals of drug development”; codiscovered 6-MP and azathioprine with George Hitchings) (1)

Azathioprine is among the oldest pharmacologic immunosuppressive agents in use today. Initially developed as a long-lived prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), it was quickly found to have a more favorable therapeutic index. It was soon found that 6-MP could produce remissions in childhood acute leukemia (1), and later, that azathioprine could prolong renal allograft survival (2). Over the past 50 years, azathioprine has been used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, rheumatologic diseases, solid organ transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease.

The drug is a purine analog, and the accepted mechanism of action is at the level of DNA (1, 3). Both in vitro and in vivo, azathioprine is metabolized to 6-MP through reduction by glutathione and other sulphydryl-containing compounds and then enzymatically converted into 6-thiouric acid, 6-methyl-MP, and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) (1, 3). Ultimately, azathioprine can then become incorporated into replicating DNA and can also block the de novo pathway of purine synthesis. It is this action that is thought to contribute to its relative specificity to lymphocytes due to their lack of a salvage pathway. However, the effects on the blockade of DNA replication have never fully explained all of the laboratory and clinical findings of azathioprine-induced immunosuppression.
Identification of the Galactose Binding Domain of the Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9 Capsid (2012)

Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors show promise for gene therapy of a variety of diseases due to their ability to transduce multiple tissues, including heart, skeletal muscle, and the alveolar epithelium of the lung. In addition, AAV9 is unique compared to other AAV serotypes in that it is capable of surpassing the blood-brain barrier and transducing neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It has recently been shown that AAV9 uses galactose as a receptor to transduce many different cell types in vitro, as well as cells of the mouse airway in vivo. In this study, we sought to identify the specific amino acids of the AAV9 capsid necessary for binding to galactose. By site-directed mutagenesis and cell binding assays, plus computational ligand docking studies, we discovered five amino acids, including N470, D271, N272, Y446, and W503, which are required for galactose binding that form a pocket at the base of the protrusions around the icosahedral 3-fold axes of symmetry. The importance of these amino acids for tissue tropism was also confirmed by in vivo studies in the mouse lung. Identifying the interactions necessary for AAV9 binding to galactose may lead to advances in vector engineering.
Review of computer applications in institutional pharmacy--1975-1981. (1982)

A literature review of computer applications in institutional pharmacy, covering papers published from 1975 to 1981, is presented. Articles are categorized as computer concepts, applications to administrative functions, controlled substances, drug distribution systems (including on-line and off-line services, intravenous admixture services, and ambulatory services), drug information, clinical services (including drug-use review, drug interactions and therapeutic incompatibility surveillance, and pharmacokinetics), and pharmacy-related applications developed by nonpharmacists. Before 1975, computer applications in institutional pharmacy reported in the literature were largely single-use applications. After 1975, many reports described the integration of individual applications into sophisticated systems that supported many functions. There is still a need for good cost justification studies of computerization in pharmacy.
Meixner‐like functions having a rational z‐transform (1995)

Abstract Square‐summable causal functions can be expressed in a Meixner series. In principle, approximate filter synthesis is thus possible. However, Meixner filters are not realizable since the Meixner functions do not have a rational z‐transform. A set of orthonormal functions is constructed with the following properties. Like the Meixner functions, these functions are a generalization of the discrete Laguerre functions and they have a polynomial character as well. In contrast with the Meixner functions, they have the desired property of a rational z‐transform.
Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: The Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology (2005)

Use of Class III is discouraged by the ESC.
Phage therapy: past history and future prospects. (1999)

Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, also called "phages") can be robust antibacterial agents in vitro. However, their use as therapeutic agents, during a number of trials from the 1920s to the 1950s, was greatly handicapped by a number of factors. In part, there were certain limitations inherent in phage physiology (e. g. narrow host range, and rapid clearance from the body); in part there were technological limitations in the era (e.g. lysogeny not yet discovered); but the greatest limitation was the highly inadequate scientific methodologies used by practitioners at the time (e.g., their failure to conduct placebo-controlled studies, to remove endotoxins from the preparations, and to re-confirm phage viability after adding sterilizing agents to the preparations). In recent years, well-controlled animal models have demonstrated that phages can rescue animals from a variety of fatal infections, while non-controlled clinical reports published in Eastern Europe have shown that phages can be effective in treating drug-resistant infections in humans. This encouraging data, combined with the fact that drug-resistant bacteria have become a global crisis, have created a window of opportunity for phage therapy to be tested anew, this time using modem technologies and placebo-controlled designs. If successful, it can be used as a stand-alone therapy when bacteria are fully resistant to antibiotics, and as a valuable adjunct to antibiotics when the bacteria are still susceptible.
Hybridization-based in situ sequencing (HybISS) for spatially resolved transcriptomics in human and mouse brain tissue (2020)

Visualization of the transcriptome in situ has proven to be a valuable tool in exploring single-cell RNA-sequencing data, providing an additional spatial dimension to investigate multiplexed gene expression, cell types, disease architecture or even data driven discoveries. In situ sequencing (ISS) method based on padlock probes and rolling circle amplification has been used to spatially resolve gene transcripts in tissue sections of various origins. Here, we describe the next iteration of ISS, HybISS, hybridization-based in situ sequencing. Modifications in probe design allows for a new barcoding system via sequence-by-hybridization chemistry for improved spatial detection of RNA transcripts. Due to the amplification of probes, amplicons can be visualized with standard epifluorescence microscopes for high-throughput efficiency and the new sequencing chemistry removes limitations bound by sequence-by-ligation chemistry of ISS. HybISS design allows for increased flexibility and multiplexing, increased signal-to-noise, all without compromising throughput efficiency of imaging large fields of view. Moreover, the current protocol is demonstrated to work on human brain tissue samples, a source that has proven to be difficult to work with image-based spatial analysis techniques. Overall, HybISS technology works as a targeted amplification detection method for improved spatial transcriptomic visualization, and importantly, with an ease of implementation.
PD-L1 on Tumor Cells Is Induced in Ascites and Promotes Peritoneal Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer through CTL Dysfunction (2013)

PD-L1 expression in tumor cell promotes peritoneal dissemination by repressing CTL function. PD-L1-targeted therapy is a promising strategy for preventing and treating peritoneal dissemination.
Structures and high and low affinity ligand binding properties of murine type I and type II macrophage scavenger receptors (1993)

Macrophage scavenger receptors have been implicated in various macrophage-associated processes, including atherosclerosis and clearance of bacterial endotoxin. They bind to a wide variety of polyanionic ligands and display complex binding characteristics. cDNAs from the murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1 encoding the full-length type I and type II murine scavenger receptors were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. A fragment of the corresponding murine genomic DNA was also cloned, partially sequenced, and the positions of the cloned intron/exon boundaries were determined. Comparisons of the murine scavenger receptors' sequences with the bovine, rabbit, and human sequences were used to refine a multidomain model of these trimeric, fibrous, membrane receptors. Metabolic labeling/immunoprecipitation experiments showed that most of the macrophage scavenger receptor protein expressed by P388D1 cells was the N-glycosylated type II receptor; only small amounts of type I receptor were detected. Analysis of the binding properties of the receptors provided evidence that such differential expression of the type I and type II forms may have functional significance. There were substantial receptor-type (I vs. II), as well as receptor-species (bovine vs. murine), differences in the inhibition of 125I-labeled AcLDL (acetylated low density lipoprotein) binding by ReLPS, a form of bacterial endotoxin. These differences arose, in part, because these receptors exhibited both high (Kd1(4 degrees C) = 0.05-0.2 micrograms protein/ml) and low (Kd2(4 degrees C) = 2.5-12.8 micrograms protein/ml) affinity binding of 125I-labeled AcLDL. The ability of ReLPS (1 mg/ml) to inhibit either or both of these two classes of binding interactions varied depending on the species and type of receptor.
iC3b‐opsonized apoptotic cells mediate a distinct anti‐inflammatory response and transcriptional NF‐κB‐dependent blockade (2009)

In recent years, it has become apparent that the removal of apoptotic cells by macrophages and DC is not only noninflammatory, but also immune-inhibitory, in most although not all circumstances. Complement may be involved in the uptake of apoptotic cells via direct binding of bridging factors in some physiological circumstances, by opsonization and engagement of the complement receptors. In the current study, we use a complement-dependent system of apoptotic cell clearance by human-derived macrophages and DC. Using a luciferase reporter gene and measuring immune response to non-opsonic zymosan, we show that iC3b-apoptotic cells induce NF-kappaB inhibition in response to zymosan and LPS at the nuclear translocation, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, leading to profound inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, interaction with iC3b-opsonized apoptotic cells is characterized by macrophage secretion of IL-10 and lack of TGF-beta secretion. In conclusion, in cells with iC3b receptors, opsonized apoptotic cells mediate a distinct anti-inflammatory response and transcriptional NF-kappaB-dependent blockage.