gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Polyphenol Type-A Polymers from Cinnamon with Insulin-like Biological Activity (2003)

The causes and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus are not clear, but there is strong evidence that dietary factors are involved in its regulation and prevention. We have shown that extracts from cinnamon enhance the activity of insulin. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize insulin-enhancing complexes from cinnamon that may be involved in the alleviation or possible prevention and control of glucose intolerance and diabetes. Water-soluble polyphenol polymers from cinnamon that increase insulin-dependent in vitro glucose metabolism roughly 20-fold and display antioxidant activity were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The polymers were composed of monomeric units with a molecular mass of 288. Two trimers with a molecular mass of 864 and a tetramer with a mass of 1152 were isolated. Their protonated molecular masses indicated that they are A type doubly linked procyanidin oligomers of the catechins and/or epicatechins. These polyphenolic polymers found in cinnamon may function as antioxidants, potentiate insulin action, and may be beneficial in the control of glucose intolerance and diabetes.
A self-steering digital microphone array (1991)

A self-steering microphone array for teleconferencing in which the digitally implemented steering algorithm consists of two parts is presented. The first part, the beamforming, is based on known concepts. The second part, a novel voting algorithm, integrates elements of pattern classification and exploits temporal characteristics of speech signals. It accounts for perceptual criteria and the acoustic environment. A real-time implementation is outlined, and results are discussed. The results confirm that the proposed concept deals successfully with teleconferencing environments and that it yields substantially better performance than earlier concepts based on analog hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 oncoprotein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the cervix uteri. (1993)

Recent data suggest an inverse correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and p53 tumor-suppressor gene mutation. In an attempt to elucidate the role of p53 mutations in cervical neoplasias, 65 cervical lesions, ranging from normal to malignant, were examined for overexpression of p53 protein by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue, and correlated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). An overexpression was seen in 35% of well-differentiated and 32.5% of poorly-differentiated squamous carcinomas, in 43.33% of microinvasive and 21.66% of CIS. More than 50% of neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for p53 protein in 10% of well-differentiated squamous carcinomas. Other positive specimens showed reactivity in < 24% of tumor cells. No staining was found in adenocarcinoma, dysplastic tissue, condylomas and normal tissue (83.07%). In contrast PCNA was detected in all cases of invasive squamous carcinomas, adenocarcinoma, CIS, CIN III, in 32.5% of CIN II, in 29.54% CIN I, and in 53.52% of wart. More than 50% of tumor cells showed nuclear staining for PCNA protein in 61.17% of invasive squamous carcinomas, in 21.66% of CIS, in 39% CIN III, in 32.5% CIN II and in 7.64% of wart. In the remain cases the positivity of nuclear staining was < 24%. No staining was present in 20% of cases including in normal cervix. Our data suggest that the viral-host protein interactions result in loss of the negative growth control normally exerted by p53. The consequence of HPV infection is a loss of functional wild-type p53 protein within the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distinctive Signatures of Histone Methylation in Transcribed Coding and Noncoding Human β-Globin Sequences (2006)

The establishment of epigenetic marks, such as methylation on histone tails, is mechanistically linked to RNA polymerase II within active genes. To explore the interplay between these modifications in transcribed noncoding as well as coding sequences, we analyzed epigenetic modification and chromatin structure at high resolution across 300 kb of human chromosome 11, including the beta-globin locus which is extensively transcribed in intergenic regions. Monomethylated H3K4, K9, and K36 were broadly distributed, while hypermethylated forms appeared to different extents across the region in a manner reflecting transcriptional activity. The trimethylation of H3K4 and H3K9 correlated within the most highly transcribed sequences. The H3K36me3 mark was more broadly detected in transcribed coding and noncoding sequences, suggesting that K36me3 is a stable mark on sequences transcribed at any level. Most epigenetic and chromatin structural features did not undergo transitions at the presumed borders of the globin domain where the insulator factor CTCF interacts, raising questions about the function of the borders.
Autophagy in Diabetic Retinopathy (2016)

Autophagy is an important homeostatic cellular process encompassing a number of consecutive steps indispensable for degrading and recycling cytoplasmic materials. Basically autophagy is an adaptive response that under stressful conditions guarantees the physiological turnover of senescent and impaired organelles and, thus, controls cell fate by various cross-talk signals. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and accounts for 5% of all blindness. Although, various metabolic disorders have been linked with the onset of DR, due to the complex character of this multi-factorial disease, a connection between any particular defect and DR becomes speculative. Diabetes increases inflammation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in the retina and its capillary cells. Particularly, a great number of evidences suggest a mutual connection between oxidative stress and other major metabolic abnormalities implicated in the development of DR. In addition, the intricate networks between autophagy and apoptosis establish the degree of cellular apoptosis and the progression of DR. Growing data underline the crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activation of autophagy. Depending on their delicate balance both redox signaling and autophagy, being detrimental or beneficial, retain opposing effects. The molecular mechanisms of autophagy are very complex and involve many signaling pathways cooperating at various steps. This review summarizes recent advances of the possible molecular mechanisms in autophagic process that are involved in pathophysiology of DR. In-depth analysis on the molecular mechanisms leading to autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) will be helpful to plan new therapies aimed at preventing or improving the progression of DR.
EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (1968)

Electric or magnetic fields acting on the anisotropy of the electric or magnetic susceptibility exert torques within a liquid crystal which may compete with the elastic torques determining its internal structure. A general method is presented for calculating the structural changes thus produced. Two examples are given, and the field strength for the effects is estimated to be 105 V/cm or 105 G. Two experiments are suggested to test the theory.
Identification of an apoptotic cleavage product of BARD1 as an autoantigen: a potential factor in the antitumoral response mediated by apoptotic bodies. (2000)

We have shown previously that rats can be cured from induced peritoneal colon carcinomatosis by injections of apoptotic bodies derived from tumor cells and interleukin 2. This curative treatment generated a tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell response associated with a humoral response. Autoantibodies from sera of cured rats strongly recognized a Mr 67,000 protein from apoptotic bodies and weakly reacted with a protein of Mr approximately 97,000 in PROb parental cells. We now show that these autoantibodies are directed against BARD1, originally identified as a protein interacting with the product of the breast cancer gene 1, BRCA1. We demonstrate that the Mr 67,000 antigen is a cleaved form of BARD1 present in apoptotic bodies derived from rat and human colon and mammary carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, we show that the cleavage site of BARD1 is located NH2 terminally but downstream of the RING domain essential for BARD1 and BRCA1 protein interaction. In vitro studies using [35S]methionine-labeled human BARD1 and apoptotic cellular extracts derived from SW48 carcinoma cells indicate that BARD1 proteolysis occurs at an early stage of apoptosis and in a cell cycle-dependent manner. This hydrolysis is inhibited by EGTA, and the calpain inhibitor I, N-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal, but not by several caspases inhibitors, suggesting that BARD1 is hydrolyzed by the calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, calpains. Thus, the highly immunogenic form of cleaved BARD1 could contribute to the antitumoral response mediated by apoptotic bodies.
Integrating vertical and horizontal partitioning into automated physical database design (2004)

In addition to indexes and materialized views, horizontal and vertical partitioning are important aspects of physical design in a relational database system that significantly impact performance. Horizontal partitioning also provides manageability; database administrators often require indexes and their underlying tables partitioned identically so as to make common operations such as backup/restore easier. While partitioning is important, incorporating partitioning makes the problem of automating physical design much harder since: (a) The choices of partitioning can strongly interact with choices of indexes and materialized views. (b) A large new space of physical design alternatives must be considered. (c) Manageability requirements impose a new constraint on the problem. In this paper, we present novel techniques for designing a scalable solution to this integrated physical design problem that takes both performance and manageability into account. We have implemented our techniques and evaluated it on Microsoft SQL Server. Our experiments highlight: (a) the importance of taking an integrated approach to automated physical design and (b) the scalability of our techniques.
Mechanism and Kinetics of RAFT-Based Living Radical Polymerizations of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate (2001)

The bulk polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of model polymer−dithiocarbonate adducts as mediators and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a conventional initiator were kinetically studied. The polymerization rate, and hence the concentration of polymer radical P•, was proportional to [BPO]1/2. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constants kact were determined by the GPC peak-resolution and the polydispersity-analysis methods. The results showed that kact is directly proportional to [P•], indicating that reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is the only important mechanism of activation. The magnitude of the exchange rate constant kex (= kact/[P•]) was strongly dependent on both the structures of the dithiocarbonate group and the polymer. The kex values for the three RAFT systems examined in this work were all very large, which explains why these systems can provide low-polydispersity polymers from an early stage of polymerization. The activation energy of kex for a polystyryl dithioacetate (PSt−SCSCH3) was 21.0 kJ mol-1, which is reasonable for a fast addition reaction.
Dietary effects on bifidobacteria andClostridium perfringensin the canine intestinal tract (2003)

Summary Dietary effects on the intestinal microflora have gained increasing interest because of the evidence that a balanced micro ecology in the gut is important for health and well being. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different diets on faecal counts of bifidobacteria and Clostridium perfringens in dogs. Two extruded, dry diets, one supplemented with 3% chicory (1.5% inulin), a non‐digestible oligosaccharide (NDO) and the other with 3% glucose (GLU) were compared with a protein rich diet (PR+) based on low quality animal derived protein sources (NDO 265, GLU 259, PR+ 726 g crude protein/kg dry matter; greaves meal and bovine lung as protein sources in PR+). Nine adult beagles were subjected to a consecutive cross‐over trial. All dogs started with diet PR+, after which groups of four dogs (group A) received GLU and the other five dogs (group B) received NDO. After an intermediate wash‐out period with diet PR+ for 3 weeks the A dogs were switched to diet NDO and B dogs to GLU. In the final period all dogs were fed with diet PR+. Faecal samples were collected during each period for dry matter and pH measurements. Faecal bifidobacteria and Cl. perfringens were quantified in fresh samples at the end of each feeding period and additionally on the first days after feed change from the dry diets to diet PR+. Diets NDO and GLU increased faecal dry matter and reduced faecal pH from 6.9 to 7.4 with the high protein diet to 5.9–6.5. The dry diets induced a firmer faecal consistency and a lower faecal pH, with no significant difference between NDO or GLU. Clostridium perfringens was found in all faecal specimens after feeding PR+ with counts of log 8.2–8.8 colony forming units (cfu)/g faeces. Both dry diets reduced the counts of Cl. perfringens significantly (log 3.3–4.0 cfu/g faeces). Switching from the dry diets to the high protein diet induced an increase of Cl. perfringens within 1 day, independent of the previous diet. In dogs fed PR+, bifidobacteria were detected in only four faecal samples and exclusively in the initial feeding period. During the remainder of the experiment the counts fell below the detection limit (log 6 cfu/g faeces). The faecal concentrations of bifidobacteria increased with both dry diets. Slightly higher concentrations (log 9.6–9.7 cfu/g faeces) were obtained from dogs fed the dry diet containing NDO compared with the diet containing glucose (log 9.3–9.4 cfu/g faeces). The increase was small which may be related to the level of total fermentable carbohydrates in both diets which alone increase remarkably the total counts of bifidobacteria. In conclusion, distinct dietary effects on the faecal counts of Cl. perfringens and bifidobacteria with a clear antagonistic pattern were observed. The main factor was the protein source and level in the diet. In this case, NDO favoured the concentrations of bifidobacteria to a limited degree. Further studies are needed to evaluate time effects, metabolic consequences and the potential implication for health promotion in pets.
Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Stetter Reaction of Glyoxamides with Alkylidenemalonates (2008)

An asymmetric intermolecular Stetter reaction of glyoxamide and alkylidenemalonates has been developed. Catalyzed by a novel N-heterocyclic carbene, the Stetter adducts are formed in good yield and excellent enantioselectivity. The presence of a sensitive epimerizable stereocenter is tolerated under these mildly basic reaction conditions if a bulky amine base is used. The products may be further elaborated to provide synthetically useful intermediates.
Designing Genome-Wide Association Studies: Sample Size, Power, Imputation, and the Choice of Genotyping Chip (2009)

Genome-wide association studies are revolutionizing the search for the genes underlying human complex diseases. The main decisions to be made at the design stage of these studies are the choice of the commercial genotyping chip to be used and the numbers of case and control samples to be genotyped. The most common method of comparing different chips is using a measure of coverage, but this fails to properly account for the effects of sample size, the genetic model of the disease, and linkage disequilibrium between SNPs. In this paper, we argue that the statistical power to detect a causative variant should be the major criterion in study design. Because of the complicated pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the human genome, power cannot be calculated analytically and must instead be assessed by simulation. We describe in detail a method of simulating case-control samples at a set of linked SNPs that replicates the patterns of LD in human populations, and we used it to assess power for a comprehensive set of available genotyping chips. Our results allow us to compare the performance of the chips to detect variants with different effect sizes and allele frequencies, look at how power changes with sample size in different populations or when using multi-marker tags and genotype imputation approaches, and how performance compares to a hypothetical chip that contains every SNP in HapMap. A main conclusion of this study is that marked differences in genome coverage may not translate into appreciable differences in power and that, when taking budgetary considerations into account, the most powerful design may not always correspond to the chip with the highest coverage. We also show that genotype imputation can be used to boost the power of many chips up to the level obtained from a hypothetical "complete" chip containing all the SNPs in HapMap. Our results have been encapsulated into an R software package that allows users to design future association studies and our methods provide a framework with which new chip sets can be evaluated.
Computing the antipenumbra of an area light source (1992)

article Free Access Share on Computing the antipenumbra of an area light source Author: Seth J. Teller Computer Science Department, Berkeley, CA 94720 Computer Science Department, Berkeley, CA 94720View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 26Issue 2July 1992 pp 139–148https://doi.org/10.1145/142920.134029Online:01 July 1992Publication History 78citation651DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations78Total Downloads651Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Electrically conductive polymers and composites for biomedical applications (2015)

This paper provides a review of the recent advances made in the field of electroactive polymers and composites for biomedical applications.
Molecular identification of a major palmitoylated erythrocyte membrane protein containing the src homology 3 motif. (1991)

The complete amino acid sequence of a 55-kDa erythrocyte membrane protein was deduced from cDNA clones isolated from a human reticulocyte library. This protein, p55, is copurified during the isolation of dematin, an actin-bundling protein of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton. Fractions enriched in p55 also contain protein kinase activity that completely abolishes the actin-bundling property of purified dematin in vitro. The predicted amino acid sequence of p55 does not contain any consensus sequence corresponding to the catalytic domains of protein kinases but does contain a conserved sequence found in the noncatalytic domains of oncogene-encoded tyrosine kinases. This conserved src homology 3 (SH-3) motif appears to suppress the tyrosine kinase activity of various oncoproteins and has also been found in several plasma membrane associated proteins involved in signal transduction. Northern blot analysis indicated that p55 mRNA was constitutively expressed during erythropoiesis and underwent 2-fold amplification after induction of K562 erythroleukemia cells toward the erythropoietic lineage. The abundant expression of p55 mRNA, along with protein 4.1 mRNA, was evident in terminally differentiated human reticulocytes. Although p55 has many features consistent with known peripheral membrane proteins, its tight association with the plasma membrane is reminiscent of an integral membrane protein. This fact may be partly explained by the observation that p55 is the most extensively palmitoylated protein of the erythrocyte membrane.
Detailed studies and control of intensity-related dynamics of femtosecond frequency combs from mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers (2003)

The authors have conducted detailed experimental investigations of the intensity-related dynamics of the pulse repetition and carrier-envelope offset frequencies of passively mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. Two different laser systems utilizing different intracavity dispersion compensation schemes are used in this study. Theoretical interpretations agree well with experimental data, indicating that intensity-related spectral shifts, coupled with the cavity group-delay dispersion, are important in understanding the dynamics of the frequency comb. Minimization of spectral shifts or the magnitude of group-delay dispersion leads to minimization of the intensity dependence of the femtosecond comb.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig (1996)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) metabolism was studied in halothane-anesthetized pigs (n = 7) using processing-independent (PI) and COOH-terminal (C) radioimmunoassays (RIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for biologically active GLP-1. Renal extraction of endogenous GLP-1 was detected by PI-RIA (33.1 +/- 13.3%) and C-RIA (16.0 +/- 6.3%) and by all assays during GLP-1 infusion (ELISA, 69.4 +/- 6.3%; PI-RIA, 32.6 +/- 7.3%; C-RIA, 43.7 +/- 3.4%), indicating substantial fragmentation. Hepatic and pulmonary degradation were undetectable under basal conditions, but exogenous GLP-1 elimination by the liver (43.6 +/- 8.9%) and lungs (10.1 +/- 3.2%) was measured by ELISA, suggesting primarily NH2-terminal degradation. Endogenous GLP-1 extraction by the hindleg was only detected by C-RIA (16.0 +/- 6.3%). During GLP-1 infusion, greater hindleg extraction was measured by ELISA (38.5 +/- 6.8%) and C-RIA (33.0 +/- 6.4%) than by PI-RIA (11.4 +/- 3.2%), indicating limited degradation at each terminus or more substantial COOH-terminal degradation. A shorter (P < 0.01) plasma half-life was revealed by ELISA (1.5 +/- 0.4 min) than by PI-RIA (4.5 +/- 0.6 min) or C-RIA (4.1 +/- 0.5 min). Metabolic clearance rates measured by PI-RIA (20.0 +/- 3.8 ml.min-1.kg-1) and C-RIA (15.5 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1) were shorter (P < 0.01) than that measured by ELISA (106.8 +/- 14.7 ml.min-1.kg-1). Tissue-specific differential metabolism of GLP-1 occurs, and NH2-terminal degradation, rendering GLP-1 inactive, is particularly important in its clearance.