gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report of the symposium on the use of intravenous gammaglobulin in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

On July 27, 1989, the International Conference on Molecular Aspects of Immune Response and Infectious Diseases devoted a symposium to the subject of the use of intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The information presented confirmed that IVIG benefits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children with recurrent infections and that much remains to be learned about the influence of IVIG in adult AIDS. The symposium participants recognized the urgent need to develop randomized clinical trials using a control group to assess the efficacy of a treatment with IVIG in PGL (persistent generalized lymphadenopathy), ARC (AIDS-related complex), and AIDS. To prepare this report, a committee was established, including individuals with expertise in immunology, immunopharmacology, microbiology, virology, infectious diseases, general medicine, and pediatrics and representing research experience in academia and hospitals. After an introduction to the report with a summary of immunotherapeutic agents under evaluation to treat HIV infection, section 1 lays out the present understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Section 2 then outlines the treatment of HIV-seropositive individuals, discussing the uncertainties that any treatment entails. Section 3 discusses the rationale for treating HIV-infected individuals with IVIG, and Section 4 examines the major differences between IVIG and hyperimmunoglobulins for the treatment of HIV infection. Section 5 looks at IVIG as a mean to delay the emergence of opportunistic infections and restore immunocompetence in AIDS and related illnesses, and Sections 6 and 7 suggest a pilot protocol on the use of IVIG in association with low-dose or standard-dose zidovudine (AZT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inactivation of lysyl oxidase by β-aminopropionitrile inhibits hypoxia-induced invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells (2012)

Tumor invasion and migration are major causes of mortality in patients with cervical carcinoma. Tumors under hypoxic conditions are more invasive and have a higher metastasic activity. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a hypoxia-responsive gene. LOX has been shown to be essential for hypoxia-induced metastasis in breast cancer. However, the direct impact of LOX on cervical cancer cell motility remains poorly understood. Our study revealed that LOX expression at protein and catalytic levels is upregulated in cervical cancer cells upon exposure to hypoxia. Hypoxia induced mesenchymal-like morphological changes in HeLa and SiHa cells which were accompanied by upregulation of α-SMA and vimentin, two mesenchymal markers, and downregulation of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, indicating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer cells occurred under hypoxic conditions. Treatment of tumor cells with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an active site inhibitor of LOX, blocked the hypoxia-induced EMT morphological and marker protein changes, and inhibited invasion and migration capacities of cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest LOX enhances hypoxia-induced invasion and migration in cervical cancer cells mediated by the EMT which can be inhibited by BAPN.
Extended cyclic uniaxial loading of stretchable gold thin-films on elastomeric substrates (2009)

Gold thin-films (50 nm thick) on silicone membranes are reversibly stretchable. They exhibit continuous electrical conduction when pulled and relaxed by tens of percent. Here, we show that gold thin-film conductors on elastomeric substrates can withstand extensive uniaxial stretch cycling without electrical failure. The gold film develops into an interconnected network of islands, which reversibly move on the surface of the elastomer with applied strain. The resulting electrical resistance of the conductor remains finite and reproducible over 250 000 cycles to 20% applied strain.
Rule-induction and case-based reasoning: hybrid architectures appear advantageous (1999)

Researchers have embraced a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques in their efforts to improve the quality of learning programs. The recent evolution of hybrid architectures for machine learning systems has resulted in several approaches that combine rule induction methods with case-based reasoning techniques to engender performance improvements over more traditional single-representation architectures. We briefly survey several major rule-induction and case-based reasoning ML systems. We then examine some interesting hybrid combinations of these systems and explain their strengths and weaknesses as learning systems. We present a balanced approach to constructing a hybrid architecture, along with arguments in favor of this balance and mechanisms for achieving a proper balance. Finally, we present some initial empirical results from testing our ideas and draw some conclusions based on those results.
Variability in organ-specific EGFR mutational spectra in tumour epithelium and stroma may be the biological basis for differential responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2005)

Organ-specific differences in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational spectra and frequencies were found in lung cancer and sporadic and BRCA1/2-related breast cancers. Additionally, we found a high frequency of EGFR mutations in the tumour stroma of these invasive breast carcinomas. Those organ-specific mutational spectra and potential targets in the cancer-associated stroma might influence the efficacy of TKI therapy.
The Primary Structure of Bdellin B-3 from the LeechHirudo medicinalis.Bdellin B-3 is a Compact Proteinase Inhibitor of a “Non-classical” Kazal Type. It is present in the Leech in a High Molecular Mass Form (1986)

A proteinase inhibitor was isolated from extracts of the leech Hirudo medicinalis by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. This inhibitor is similar to the bdellins in that it blocks the activity of trypsin, plasmin and sperm acrosin but has a molecular mass, as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, of about 20 kDa, whereas the bdellins have molecular masses in the range 5-6 kDa. It is therefore designated as high-molecular mass bdellin B-3 (HMB). The amino-acid sequence of the inhibitor was elucidated as far as position 56. This revealed that the molecule consists of a bdellin B-3 moiety, corresponding to the N-terminal 46 residues, which is then extended at the C-terminus by a polypeptide chain of the composition Asx15, Glx25, Gly6, Val, His26-27 and Lys4. It has been formerly concluded from a partial amino-acid sequence that bdellin B-3 is a Kazal-type inhibitor. However, the complete sequence of bdellin B-3, represented by the N-terminal 46 residues of HMB, discloses that bdellin B-3 is a non-classical Kazal-type inhibitor when the number of amino-acid residues between half-cystines are considered. Presuming that formation of disulfide bridges principally follows the same pattern as in classical Kazal-type inhibitors the bdellin B-3 molecule was modeled based on the known three-dimensional structure of the third ovomucoid domains. This showed that a compact arrangement of the peptide chain of bdellin B-3 is conceivable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hermetic wafer level packaging of MEMS components using through silicon via and wafer to wafer bonding technologies (2013)

This paper presents the fabrication steps of a MEMS package based on silicon interposer wafers with copper filled TSVs and bonded cap wafers for hermetic sealing of resonator components. All processes were performed at 200 mm wafer level. For interposer fabrication a standard process flow including silicon blind hole etching, isolation, copper filling, wafer front side redistribution, support wafer bonding, wafer thinning, and TSV backside reveal was applied. As interposer backside metallization, appropriate I/O terminals and seal ring structures were deposited by semi-additive Au and Au+Sn electro plating. Following, getter material was deposited onto the interposer wafers which were 90 μm thick and still mounted onto carrier wafers. Subsequently, the I/O terminal pads of the interposer were stud bumped and finally more than 5000 quartz resonator components were assembled onto each interposer wafer by Au-Au direct metal bonding. The cap wafer was equipped with 200 μm deep dry etched cavities and electro plated Au seal rings around them. Finally, both cap and interposer wafers were bonded together using a wafer to wafer bonder and an adapted AuSn soldering process scheme. In a last step, the carrier wafer was removed from the former front side of the interposer wafer and wafer level testing was performed. From a total of 4824 tested devices we found that more than 75 % were sealed properly under vacuum. The getter appears to be effective leading to ~0.1 mbar equivalent air pressure and cavities without getter appear to reach residual air pressure between 1-2 mbar. The used fabrication processes and final results will be discussed detailed in this manuscript.
Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Expression of Laminin in the Developing Rat Cerebellum1 (1999)

In the rat cerebellum, migration of neurons from the external granular layer to the internal granular layer occurs postnatally and is dependent upon the presence of thyroid hormone. In hypothyroidism, many neurons fail to complete their migration and die. Key guidance signals to these migrating neurons are provided by laminin, an extracellular matrix protein that is fixed to the surface of astrocytes. Expression of laminin in the brain is developmentally timed to coincide with neuronal growth spurts. In this study, we examined the role of thyroid hormone on the expression and distribution of laminin in the rat cerebellum. We show that laminin content steadily increased 2- to 3-fold from birth to maximal levels on postnatal day 8-10 then steadily decreased to a plateau by postnatal day 12 in the euthyroid cerebellum. Immunoreactive laminin appeared in the molecular layer of the euthyroid cerebellum by postnatal day 4, reached maximal intensity by postnatal day 8-10, and was gone by postnatal day 14. In contrast, laminin content in the hypothyroid cerebellum remained unchanged from birth until postnatal day 10 and then increased to maximal levels over the next two days; maximal levels were approximately 35% less than those levels in the euthyroid cerebellum. Laminin staining did not appear in the molecular layer of the hypothyroid rat cerebellum until postnatal day 10, reached maximal intensity by postnatal day 15 and disappeared by postnatal day 18, despite the continued presence granular neurons in the external granular layer. These data indicate that the disruption of the timing of the appearance and regional distribution of laminin in the absence of thyroid hormone may play a major role in the profound derangement of neuronal migration observed in the cretinous brain.
Cationic lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and the intracellular delivery of polymeric, nucleic acid-based drugs (Review) (1998)

Polymeric, nucleic acid drugs must be protected from endogenous nucleases and delivered to target cell nuclei in order to maximize their activity. Constructs expressing therapeutic genes, antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes can be delivered into cells by viral vectors, but concerns over safety and clinical utility have led to research into the development of alternative, non-viral delivery systems. Antisense and ribozyme drug development has focused upon modifications to the natural oligonucleotide chemistry which make the molecules resistant to nuclease degradation. These novel oligonucleotides cannot be generated by transgenes and must be administered in similar fashion to conventional drugs. However, oligonucleotides cannot cross membranes by passive diffusion and intracellular delivery for these drugs is very inefficient. Here we review the recent advances in forming lipid-DNA particles designed to mimic viral delivery of DNA. Most evidence now supports the hypothesis that lipid-DNA drugs enter target cells by endocytosis and disrupt the endosomal membrane, releasing nucleic acid into the cytoplasm. The mechanisms of particle formation and endosome disruption are not well understood. Cationic lipids are employed to provide an electrostatic interaction between the lipid carrier and polyanionic nucleic acids, and they are critical for efficient packaging of the drugs into a form suitable for systemic administration. However, their role in endosome disruption and other aspects of successful delivery leading to gene expression or inhibition of mRNA translation are less clear. We discuss the propensity of lipid-nucleic acid particles to undergo lipid mixing and fusion with adjacent membranes, and how phosphatidylethanolamine and other lipids may act as factors capable of disrupting bilayer structure and the endosomal pathway. Finally, we consider the challenges that remain in bringing nucleic acid based drugs into the realm of clinical reality.
Cell-Surface Marker Signatures for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells, Glia and Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

These findings illustrate the utility of immunophenotyping screens for the identification of cell surface signatures of neural cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These signatures can be used for isolating highly pure populations of viable NSC, glia and neurons by FACS. The methods described here will enable downstream studies that require consistent and defined neural cell populations.
Cloning and characterization of MUPP1, a novel PDZ domain protein (1998)

Using the yeast two-hybrid system we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a novel protein interacting with the C-terminal domain of the 5-HT2C receptor. The protein, named MUPP1 (multi-PDZ-domain protein), contains thirteen PDZ domains and no obvious catalytic domain; it is related to hINADL and a putative C. elegans polypeptide referred to as C52A11.4 containing six or ten PDZ domains, respectively. Domains highly similar to those of MUPP1 are arrayed in the same order in all three proteins. The MUPP1 gene is localized on human chromosome 9p24-p22. Transcripts encoding MUPP1 are abundant in the brain as well as in several peripheral organs.
Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis of Escherichia coli topB, the gene encoding topoisomerase III (1989)

Escherichia coli contains two type 1 topoisomerases, topoisomerase I and III. Although topoisomerase III can be purified as a potent decatenase, its role in DNA metabolism is unclear. In order to address this issue, the gene encoding topoisomerase III from E. coli has been molecularly cloned and its DNA sequence determined. The cloned fragment of DNA contains an open reading frame that can encode a polypeptide of 73.2 kDa. The first 20 amino acids of this open reading frame are identical to those of topoisomerase III as determined by amino-terminal gas-phase microsequencing. Expression of the polypeptide encoded by this open reading frame, using a bacteriophage T7 transient expression system, results in the accumulation of a 74-kDa polypeptide. Soluble extracts prepared from cells overexpressing this gene product show a dramatic increase in topoisomerase activity when compared with control extracts. We propose that this gene be designated topB.
Retrospective cohort study comparing the adverse reactions and efficacy of intravenous iron polymaltose with ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia (2018)

FCM was associated with a lower incidence of ADRs than iron polymaltose. Patients receiving FCM infusions were less likely to receive their total required iron dose. Further randomized prospective studies are required to compare clinical efficacy of iron polymaltose versus FCM.
한국산 어류 ( 전어 ) 에 기생하는 요각류 2 종 (1995)

한국산 어류 (전어) 아가미에서 기생성 요각류 2 종, Nothobomolochus thambus (Poecilostomatoida, Bomolochidae) 와 Mitrapus heteropodus (Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae) 이 채집되었다. N. thambus 은 특이한 턱다리의 구조를 가지므로 Nothobomolochus 속 다른 종과 쉽게 구별된다. ; 턱다리의 큰 강모 2 개중 1 개는 잔털을 갖지 않는다. : M. heteropodus 의 주요 특징은 4번째 다리의 구조이다 ; 4 번째 다리의 안다리는 바깥다리의 1/5 크기이다. 이들은 모두 한국 미기록종이다.
Factors influencing the biosynthesis of the tyrosine-rich proteins of wool. (1974)

The tyrosine content of wool can vary from about 2·3 to 4·4% of the amino acid residues. This variability, which can be attributed mostly to differences in the proportion of high-tyrosine proteins, appears to be partly of genetic and partly of dietary origin, for there are considerable differences in high-tyrosine protein content between the wools from different breeds of sheep and individual sheep of the same breed, and abomasal infusions of zein, maize gluten and wheat gluten strongly repress the synthesis of these proteins. Infusions of an amino acid mixture simulating the composition of zein produced a similar effect to that of zein. No significant reversal of the repression was produced by adding lysine, tryptophan or tyrosine to zein. It is suggested that these inhibitions may result from interference with aromatic amino acid metabolism.
Integrated tunable CMOS laser (2013)

An integrated tunable CMOS laser for silicon photonics, operating at the C-band, and fabricated in a commercial CMOS foundry is presented. The III-V gain medium section is embedded in the silicon chip, and is hermetically sealed. The gain section is metal bonded to the silicon substrate creating low thermal resistance into the substrate and avoiding lattice mismatch problems. Optical characterization shows high performance in terms of side mode suppression ratio, relative intensity noise, and linewidth that is narrow enough for coherent communications.
Fundamental patterns underlying gene expression profiles: Simplicity from complexity (2000)

Analysis of previously published sets of DNA microarray gene expression data by singular value decomposition has uncovered underlying patterns or "characteristic modes" in their temporal profiles. These patterns contribute unequally to the structure of the expression profiles. Moreover, the essential features of a given set of expression profiles are captured using just a small number of characteristic modes. This leads to the striking conclusion that the transcriptional response of a genome is orchestrated in a few fundamental patterns of gene expression change. These patterns are both simple and robust, dominating the alterations in expression of genes throughout the genome. Moreover, the characteristic modes of gene expression change in response to environmental perturbations are similar in such distant organisms as yeast and human cells. This analysis reveals simple regularities in the seemingly complex transcriptional transitions of diverse cells to new states, and these provide insights into the operation of the underlying genetic networks.
A 27&#x03BC;W subcutaneous wireless biosensing platform with optical power and data transfer (2014)

We present a batteryless, 27uW barely subcutaneous sensing platform using optical power and data links. We demonstrate an 8.1 mm × 3.2 mm implantable tag powered by an 850nm infrared source through the skin barrier. Measurements using pig skin indicate that optical power transfer through skin achieves a 4.9% efficiency, which is higher than mm scale inductive power links. As a proof-of-concept demo, we sense and transmit temperature to an external body worn reader using a fully optical power and data link.
MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat (2018)

Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012, a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure; (ii) clinical features; (iii) diagnosis of infection; and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.
The influence of extracellular matrix substrata on preadipocyte development in serum-free cultures of stromal-vascular cells. (1996)

The influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM components on preadipocyte development was examined in primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular (S-V) cells. Extracellular matrix derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) cells or tumors enhanced several aspects of adipogenesis in vitro. In comparison to uncoated and fibronectin substrata, EHS-ECM substratum markedly increased attachment, spreading, and hypertrophy of preadipocytes while antagonizing spreading of non-preadipocytes. In addition, adipocyte number increased (P < .05) on these substrata despite no increase in total cell number: this resulted in a greater (P < .05) proportion of preadipocytes. These effects of EHS-ECM were also observed with laminin substrata per se, whereas types I and IV collagen and fibronectin had no influence. In contrast to all other substrata, adipocyte number decreased and total cell number increased 2.5-fold on ECM derived from corneal endothelial cells; this resulted in the lowest proportion of preadipocytes. Challenging cultures with adipogenic media (+serum) did not counter the inhibitory influence of corneal endothelial ECM, whereas dexamethasone partially neutralized the inhibitory influence of this ECM. These studies clearly show that source or type of the ECM dictated the influence of ECM substrata on preadipocyte development in primary S-V cultures. However, these studies indicated that the ECM and in particular laminin may play a critical role in morphological aspects of preadipocyte development.
The Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) Method Applied to High-Throughput Cloning and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2008)

Significant innovations in molecular biology methods have vastly improved the speed and efficiency of traditional restriction site and ligase-based cloning strategies. "Enzyme-free" methods eliminate the need to incorporate constrained sequences or modify Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-generated DNA fragment ends. The Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) method further condenses cloning and mutagenesis to a very simple two-step protocol with complete design flexibility not possible using related strategies. With this protocol, all major cloning operations are achieved by transforming competent cells with PCR products immediately following amplification. Normal PCRs generate mixtures of incomplete extension products. Using simple primer design rules and PCR, short, overlapping sequences are introduced at the ends of these incomplete extension mixtures which allow complementary strands to anneal and produce hybrid vector/insert combinations. These hybrids are directly transformed into recipient cells without any post-PCR enzymatic manipulations. We have found this method to be very easy and fast as compared to other available methods while retaining high efficiencies. Using this approach, we have cloned thousands of genes in parallel using a minimum of effort. The method is robust and amenable to automation as only a few, simple processing steps are needed.