gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic instrumentation of embedded software for high level hardware/software co-simulation (2009)

We propose an automatic instrumentation method for embedded software annotation to enable performance modeling in high level hardware/software co-simulation environments. The proposed cross-annotation technique consists of extending a retargetable compiler infrastructure to allow the automatic instrumentation of embedded software at the basic block level. Thus, target and annotated native binaries are guaranteed to have isomorphic control flow graphs (CFG). The proposed method takes into account the processor-specific optimizations at the compiler level and proves to be accurate with low simulation overhead.
A silicon-based ultrasonic immunoassay for detection of breast cancer antigens (2002)

We report on a silicon-based immunosensor package that has direct application to the diagnostic detection of a breast cancer antigen in the sera of breast cancer patients. We couple the flexural plate wave (FPW) gravimetric sensor with a novel mass-amplifying label that increases sensor signal level (a shift of resonant frequency) from that of previous acoustic immunoassays, in which frequency shifts were due solely to the weight of the immunoglobulins. The use of a gravimetric immunoassay with a mass-amplifying label provides an alternative to radioimmunoassay, eliminating the need for radioactive labels that require costly disposal.
Studies on Cyclodextrin Synthesis by Novel Cyclodextrin Glucosyl Transferase (1997)

Abstract In a conventional method of cyclodextrin production starch is first liquefied by a heating method in the presence or absence of an hydrolizing enzyme before cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase (CGTase) is added to induce synthesis of cyclodextrins. The production of cyclodextrins is carried out at below 60°C within a period of 2–3 days. A novel cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase produced by Novo Nordisk A/S which is characterized as a thermostable enzyme with capacity to liquefied starch was tested. Different starches were simultaneously liquefied and converted by CGTase using various experimental reaction conditions. The investigations indicate the influence of the starch source (potato, wheat, corn, tapioca, waxy maize), of the initial starch concentration (5–25%), of the enzyme dosage (0,1–0,75%) and of reaction time (1–24h) on the ratio of created α‐, β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrins.
I Alexithymia: History Validation of the Concept (1987)

This four-part symposium, which replaces our usual overview, derives from a panel on Alexithymia and Culture presented at the May 1986 annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Washington. The perspectives of the authors are diverse: Taylor (a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst) and Catchlove (an anaesthetist who directs a pain clinic) present views generally sympathetic to the notion of alexithymia; while Prince and Kirmayer (psychiatrists with a more social and anthropological orientation) are distinctly more sceptical. It is to be hoped that these papers will stimulate comment, discussion, and research in those fundamental and controversial bor derline areas between culture and psychiatry: affect, affect expres sion, illness, psychotherapy, and ritual.
Notch signaling is required for the generation of hair cells and supporting cells in the mammalian inner ear (2010)

Sensorineural deafness and balance dysfunction are common impairments in humans frequently caused by defects in the sensory epithelium of the inner ear, composed of hair cells and supporting cells. Lineage studies have shown that hair cells and supporting cells arise from a common progenitor, but how these progenitors are generated remains unknown. Although various molecules have been implicated in the development of the sensory progenitors, none has been shown to be required for the specification of these progenitors in the mammalian inner ear. Here, using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we show that Jagged1 (JAG1)-mediated Notch signaling is both required and sufficient for the generation of the sensory progenitors. Specifically, we find that loss of JAG1 signaling leads to smaller sensory progenitor regions without initial effects on proliferation or cell death, indicating that JAG1 is involved in initial specification events. To further test whether Notch signaling is involved in specification of the sensory progenitors, we transiently expressed an activated form of the Notch1 receptor (NICD) using a combined Tet-On/Cre induction system in the mouse. NICD expression resulted in ectopic hair cells and supporting cells in the nonsensory regions of the cochlea and vestibule. These data indicate that Notch specifies sensory progenitors in the inner ear, and that induction of Notch may be important for regenerating or replacing hair cells and supporting cells in the mammalian inner ear.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in a MAPK kinase kinase-dependent, c-Raf-1-independent fashion in mouse macrophages. (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is bound by two cell surface receptors, CD120a (p55) and CD120b (p75), that belong to the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor family and whose signaling is initiated by receptor multimerization in the plane of the plasma membrane. The initial signaling events activated by receptor crosslinking are unknown, although activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade occurs shortly after ligand binding to CD120a. In this study, we investigated the upstream kinases that mediate the activation of the 42-kDa MAPK p42mapk/erk2 following crosslinking of CD120a in mouse macrophages. Exposure of mouse macrophages to TNF alpha stimulated a time-dependent increase in the activity of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) that temporally preceded peak activation of p42mapk/erk2. MEKs, dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases, act as a convergence point for several signaling pathways including Ras/Raf, MEK kinase (MEKK), and Mos. Incubation of macrophages with TNF alpha was found to transiently stimulate a MEKK that peaked in activity within 30 sec of exposure and progressively declined toward basal levels by 5 min. By contrast, under these conditions, activation of either c-Raf-1 or Raf-B was not detected. These data suggest that the activation of the MAPK cascade in response to TNF alpha is mediated by the sequential activation of a MEKK and a MEK in a c-Raf-1- and Raf-B-independent fashion.
[Estimating the need for geriatricians in Israel: 2000-2020]. (2008)

At present, the Israeli health system is not prepared to look after the elderly in the best possible way. There is already a shortage of geriatricians and, without immediate attention to this problem, this gap will grow significantly in the next twenty years.
Temozolomide in the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma (2004)

Temozolomide was well tolerated in patients with recurrent malignant glioma and had modest efficacy, even at the time of multiple recurrences.
Preparation of DNA and protein micro arrays on glass slides coated with an agarose film (2000)

A thin layered agarose film on microscope slides provides a versatile support for the preparation of arrayed molecular libraries. An activation step leading to the formation of aldehyde groups in the agarose creates reactive sites that allow covalent immobilization of molecules containing amino groups. Arrays of oligonucleotides and PCR products were prepared by tip printing. After hybridization with complementary fluorescence labeled nucleic acid probes strong fluorescence signals of sequence-specific binding to the immobilized probes were detected. The intensity of the fluorescence signals was proportional to the relative amount of immobilized oligonucleotides and to the concentration of the fluorescence labeled probe. We also used the agarose film-coated slides for the preparation of protein arrays. In combination with specific fluorescence labeled antibodies these protein arrays can be used for fluorescence linked immune assays. With this approach different protein tests can be performed in parallel in a single reaction with minimal amounts of the binding reagents.
Bacteremia due to Rochalimaea henselae in a child: practical identification of isolates in the clinical laboratory (1993)

Two closely related species of Rochalimaea, Rochalimaea quintana and Rochalimaea henselae, are nutritionally fastidious but can be cultivated on bacteriologic media from the blood of patients with diverse clinical presentations. We report a case of culture-proven R. henselae bacteremia in a child with persistent fever. Serologic evidence of infection by R. henselae was ascertained by testing sera at two intervals for immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot. The case isolate and a collection of other strains (R. henselae, R. quintana, and related organisms) were used to test commercial identification systems for their comparative utility in the identification of Rochalimaea spp. on a practical basis. Of six systems designed for testing of either fastidious or anaerobic isolates of bacteria, the MicroScan Rapid Anaerobe Panel was the only system that distinguished R. henselae from R. quintana. Four of five others gave reactions that were unique within their data bases but did not distinguish Rochalimaea isolates at the species level.
Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by mandelate racemase. 3. Asymmetry in reactions catalyzed by the H297N mutant (1991)

The two preceding papers [Powers, V. M., Koo, C. W., Kenyon, G. L., Gerlt, J. A., & Kozarich, J. W. (1991) Biochemistry (first paper of three in this issue); Neidhart, D. J., Howell, P. L., Petsko, G. A., Powers, V. M., Li, R., Kenyon, G. L., & Gerlt, J. A. (1991) Biochemistry (second paper of three in this issue)] suggest that the active site of mandelate racemase (MR) contains two distinct general acid/base catalysts: Lys 166, which abstracts the alpha-proton from (S)-mandelate, and His 297, which abstracts the alpha-proton from (R)-mandelate. In this paper we report on the properties of the mutant of MR in which His 297 has been converted to asparagine by site-directed mutagenesis (H297N). The structure of H297N, solved by molecular replacement at 2.2-A resolution, reveals that no conformational alterations accompany the substitution. As expected, H297N has no detectable MR activity. However, H297N catalyzes the stereospecific elimination of bromide ion from racemic p-(bromomethyl)mandelate to give p-(methyl)-benzoylformate in 45% yield at a rate equal to that measured for wild-type enzyme; the unreacted p-(bromomethyl)mandelate is recovered as (R)-p-(hydroxymethyl)mandelate. At pD 7.5, H297N catalyzes the stereospecific exchange of the alpha-proton of (S)- but not (R)-mandelate with D2O solvent at a rate 3.3-fold less than that observed for incorporation of solvent deuterium into (S)-mandelate catalyzed by wild-type enzyme. The pD dependence of the rate of the exchange reaction catalyzed by H297N reveals a pKa of 6.4 in D2O, which is assigned to Lys 166.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of the multidrug resistance gene in leukemic cells (1993)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp; Mr=170,000) is encoded by a family of genes-Multidrug resistance gene. The Pgp has been demonstrated to mediate resistance to multiple structurally dissimilar drugs, which fuctions as an energy-dependent efflux pump so that a cell with high level of mdr expression can more effectively eliminate cytotoxic drugs. In this report, a simplified method for analysis of clinical samples and assess the level of gene expression was set up. Furthermore, by using32P labelled mdr-1 cDNA as the probe and RNA dot blotting the mdr-mRNAs from 5 cases of myeloblastic leukemia cells were analysed. It was shown that the level of mdr-1 expression in different myeloleukemlc cells was various and reduced in one case after remission. The established method for mRNA analysis could be generalized for evaluating the level of mRNA in clinical samples.
Tolerance without Clonal Expansion: Self-Antigen-Expressing B Cells Program Self-Reactive T Cells for Future Deletion (2008)

B cells have been shown in various animal models to induce immunological tolerance leading to reduced immune responses and protection from autoimmunity. We show that interaction of B cells with naive T cells results in T cell triggering accompanied by the expression of negative costimulatory molecules such as PD-1, CTLA-4, B and T lymphocyte attenuator, and CD5. Following interaction with B cells, T cells were not induced to proliferate, in a process that was dependent on their expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4, but not CD5. In contrast, the T cells became sensitive to Ag-induced cell death. Our results demonstrate that B cells participate in the homeostasis of the immune system by ablation of conventional self-reactive T cells.
Onset mechanism of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation detected by ambulatory Holter monitoring (2006)

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is generally triggered by a PAC, with left atrial origin in two-thirds of cases: CI and neuroendocrine balance are factors affecting the induction of the arrhythmia.
The longevity of antibody to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in patients with confirmed scrub typhus (1980)

Serological surveillance for up to two years of 114 patients with laboratory confirmed scrub typhus showed that antibody to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi as demonstrated by the indirect fluorescent antibody test is short-lived. The mean reversion time from mean peak titre (1:499) was 48.9 weeks and the calculated annual reversion rate to a titre less than 1:50 was 61%. This can be used to estimate attack rates based on point prevalence of antibody. The relationship between antibody prevalence and attack rates observed by other workers was confirmed using this model. The possible uses of the finding and its implications in Malaysia are briefly discussed.
Isolation, characterization and mapping of the mouse and human PRG4 (proteoglycan 4) genes (2000)

PRG4 (proteoglycan 4) has been identified as megakaryocyte stimulating factor and articular superficial zone protein. PRG4 has characteristic motifs including somatomedin B and hemopexin domains, a chondroitin sulfate-attachment site and mucin-like repeats. During a screen of genes implicated in ectopic ossification, we found a novel mouse gene highly homologous to human and bovine PRG4 genes. Here, we report isolation, characterization and mapping of the gene, Prg4 together with characterization of its human orthologue. Prg4 cDNA was 3,320 bp long, encoding a 1,054 amino-acid protein. Human and mouse PRG4 genes each consisting of 12 exons spanned 18 and 16 kb, respectively. Characteristic motifs were conserved across species; however, the mucin-like repeat regions were highly diverse in length between species with a tendency that larger animals had longer repeats. Expression of human and mouse PRG4 genes was similar and found not only in cartilage, but also in liver, heart, lung, and bone. Expression of the mouse gene increased with progression of ectopic ossification. Multiple tissue-specific splicing variants lacking some of the motifs were found in both human and mouse. Although a specific role in the articular joint has previously been reported, the presence of multi-functional motifs as well as unique expression and alternative splicing patterns suggest that PRG4 functions in several distinctive biological process including regulation of ossification.
Intravenous iron dextran in clinical medicine (1980)

Four hundred seventy-one adult patients and ten adult prisoner volunteers received 2,099 intravenous (IV) injections of iron dextran (Imferon), usually 250 to 500 mg at less than 100 mg/min. Intravenous iron supplies enough iron to permit RBC formation greater than 50 mL/day and repletion of tissue iron. Tissue iron did not always supply iron at an optimal rate. Hemoglobin production was higher after IV than oral or intramuscular iron if the hemoglobin level was less than 9 g/dL. Three life-threatening immediate anaphylactoid and eight severe delayed reactions were observed. There were no deaths. Delayed reactions were more frequent in women and collagen-vascular diseases and less frequent in pregnancy. Because anaphylactoid reactions are serious and unpredictable, IV iron dextran should be used only when iron deficiency anemia cannot be treated adequately with oral iron. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1726-1731, 1980)
Methotrexate and cyclosporine versus cyclosporine alone for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease in patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts for leukemia: long-term follow-up of a controlled trial (1989)

Patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANL) in first remission (n = 38) or chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (n = 55) were given cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation, followed by marrow infusion from HLA-identical siblings. To evaluate postgrafting prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the patients were randomized to receive either methotrexate and cyclosporine (n = 43) or cyclosporine alone (n = 50). Methotrexate/cyclosporine significantly reduced the incidence and severity of acute GVHD, and improved early survival. This report updates the results with a 3.0 to 4.5 year follow-up. Methotrexate/cyclosporine did not interfere with sustained hematopoietic engraftment, although granulocyte recovery to 1,000/microL was delayed by five days on the average. The incidence of chronic GVHD was identical in the two groups (26% v 24%). Disease-free 3-year survival was slightly better in the methotrexate/cyclosporine group (65% v 54%), but this benefit was restricted to patients with CML (73% v 54%), while no improvement was seen in patients with ANL (41% v 41%). In contrast to patients with CML (relapse rates 8% v 9%), the early survival benefit among patients with ANL given methotrexate/cyclosporine was offset by an increase in leukemic relapses (29% v 16%).
Oat products and lipid lowering. A meta-analysis. (1992)

This analysis supports the hypothesis that incorporating oat products into the diet causes a modest reduction in blood cholesterol level.
Smart Card Handbook (2003)

From the Publisher:
The boom in smart card technology reflects the medium's broad solutions potential. Embedded with a sophisticated microprocessor, smart cards offer unparalleled memory capacity and data encryption capability. From providing secure access to the Internet and mobile radio networks to performing security-sensitive financial transactions in credit card schemes, the Electronic Purse and Pay TV systems, smart card technology is now a multi-billion dollar industry. The Smart Card Handbook presents a state-of-the-art overview of the technology from fundamental information processing through design, manufacture and operation of smart card schemes. Written in a highly accessible style the Smart Card Handbook meets the needs of both novice and expert. This is an essential reference for computer and electronics engineers and students in microchip design and security system development. For professionals developing smart card products, this unique reference will provide an invaluable insight to all the facets of this sophisticated technology.
High frequency gene targeting using insertional vectors (1993)

Journal Article High frequency gene targeting using insertional vectors Get access Paul Dickinson, Paul Dickinson * MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wendy L. Kimber, Wendy L. Kimber MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fiona M. Kilanowski, Fiona M. Kilanowski MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara J. Stevenson, Barbara J. Stevenson MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David J. Porteous, David J. Porteous MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julia R. Dorin Julia R. Dorin MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General HospitalCrewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1299–1302, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.8.1299 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 12 February 1993 Revision received: 09 June 1993 Accepted: 09 June 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Cold‐regulated gene expression and freezing tolerance in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (1999)

Low temperature is an important environmental factor influencing plant growth and development. In this study, we report the characterization of a genetic locus, HOS2, which is defined by three Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. The hos2-1, hos2-2 and hos2-3 mutations result in enhanced expression of RD29A and other stress genes under low temperature treatment. Gene expression in response to osmotic stress or ABA is not affected in the hos2 mutants. Genetic analysis indicates that the hos2 mutations are recessive and in a nuclear gene. Compared with the wild-type plants, the hos2-1 mutant plants are less capable of developing freezing tolerance when treated with low non-freezing temperatures. However, the hos2-1 mutation does not impair the vernalization response. These results indicate that HOS2 is a negative regulator of low temperature signal transduction important for plant cold acclimation.
Antidiabetic Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Extract and the Identification of an Effective Component (2002)

We evaluated antihyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and its major constituent, ginsenoside Re, in obese diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ ob mice and their lean littermates. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng berry extract for 12 days. On day 12, 150 mg/kg extract-treated ob/ob mice became normoglycemic (137 +/- 6.7 mg/dl) and had significantly improved glucose tolerance. The overall glucose excursion during the 2-h intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test decreased by 46% (P < 0.01) compared with vehicle-treated ob/ob mice. The improvement in blood glucose levels in the extract-treated ob/ ob mice was associated with a significant reduction in serum insulin levels in fed and fasting mice. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study revealed a more than twofold increase in the rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in treated ob/ ob mice (112 +/- 19.1 vs. 52 +/- 11.8 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) for the vehicle group, P < 0.01). In addition, the extract-treated ob/ob mice lost a significant amount of weight (from 51.7 +/- 1.9 g on day 0 to 45.7 +/- 1.2 on day 12, P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated ob/ob mice), associated with a significant reduction in food intake (P < 0.05) and a very significant increase in energy expenditure (P < 0.01) and body temperature (P < 0.01). Treatment with the extract also significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in ob/ob mice. Additional studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Re plays a significant role in antihyperglycemic action. This antidiabetic effect of ginsenoside Re was not associated with body weight changes, suggesting that other constituents in the extract have distinct pharmacological mechanisms on energy metabolism.