gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling of exosomes: Current perspectives (2008)

Exosomes are 40-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are also found in vivo in body fluids such as blood, urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, synovial fluid, and breast milk. While the biological function of exosomes is still unclear, they can mediate communication between cells, facilitating processes such as antigen presentation and in trans signaling to neighboring cells. Exosome-like vesicles identified in Drosophila (referred to as argosomes) may be potential vehicles for the spread of morphogens in epithelia. The advent of current MS-based proteomic technologies has contributed significantly to our understanding of the molecular composition of exosomes. In addition to a common set of membrane and cytosolic proteins, it is becoming increasingly apparent that exosomes harbor distinct subsets of proteins that may be linked to cell-type associated functions. The secretion of exosomes by tumor cells and their implication in the transport and propagation of infectious cargo such as prions and retroviruses such as HIV suggest their participation in pathological situations. Interestingly, the recent observation that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be transferred to another cell, and be functional in that new environment, is an exciting new development in the unraveling exosome saga. The present review aims to summarize the physical properties that define exosomes as specific cell-type secreted membrane vesicles.
The unity of science (1990)

Abstract The paper addresses the question of how the unity of science can adequately be characterized. A mere classification of scientific fields and disciplines does not express the unity of science unless it is supplemented with a perspective that establishes a systematic coherence among the different branches of science. Four ideas of this kind are discussed. Namely, the unity of scientific language, of scientific laws, of scientific method and of science as a practical‐operational enterprise. Whereas reference to the unity of scientific language and of scientific laws does not provide a viable basis for the unity of science, the methodological and practical unity might. The unity of science can be characterized by the way in which methodological criteria enter into the assessment or evaluation of theories, and, moreover, by a transdisciplin‐ary approach to problems. Accordingly, the unity of science is not expressed by theoretical uniformity but by the unity of scientific practice.
De macht van de maffia (1996)

De &amp;quot;maffia&amp;quot; vermoordt een bekende publieke persoonlijkheid of een topzakenman, waarna president Boris Jeltsin en andere staatsleiders een nog hardere strijd tegen de georganiseerde misdaad aankondigen. De recente moord op Vladislav Listjev, directeur van de nationale televisie is tekenend voor dit patroon.
A Strong Ramp Secret Sharing Scheme Using Matrix Projection (2006)

This paper presents a strong (k,n) threshold-based ramp secret sharing scheme with k access levels. The secrets are the elements represented in a square matrix S. The secret matrix S can be shared among n different participants using a matrix projection technique where: i) any subset of k participants can collaborate together to reconstruct the secret, and ii) any subset of (k-1) or fewer participants cannot partially discover the secret matrix. The primary advantages are its large compression rate on the size of the shares and its strong protection of the secrets
Effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic: systematic review (1998)

Infantile colic should preferably be treated by advising carers to reduce stimulation and with a one week trial of a hypoallergenic formula milk.
Progenitor cells in vascular repair (2007)

Vascular progenitor cells derived from different tissues have an ability to repair damaged vessel, in which the local microenvironment of the progenitors plays a crucial role in orchestrating cell homing and differentiation.
Fast software polar decoders (2014)

Among error-correcting codes, polar codes are the first to provably achieve channel capacity with an explicit construction. In this work, we present software implementations of a polar decoder that leverage the capabilities of modern general-purpose processors to achieve an information throughput in excess of 200 Mbps, a throughput well suited for software-defined-radio applications. We also show that, for a similar error-correction performance, the throughput of polar decoders both surpasses that of LDPC decoders targeting general-purpose processors and is competitive with that of state-of-the-art software LDPC decoders running on graphic processing units.
Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing SugarG. L. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 3, 426–428Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60147a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45222Altmetric-Citations19440LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Space- and intensity-constrained reconstruction for compressed ultrafast photography (2016)

The single-shot compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) camera is the fastest receive-only camera in the world. In this Letter, we introduce an external CCD camera and a space- and intensity-constrained (SIC) reconstruction algorithm to improve the image quality of CUP. The external CCD camera takes a time-unsheared image of the dynamic scene. Unlike the previously used unconstrained algorithm, the proposed algorithm incorporates both spatial and intensity constraints based on the additional prior information provided by the external CCD camera. First, a spatial mask is extracted from the time-unsheared image to define the zone of action. Next, an intensity threshold is determined based on the similarity between the temporally projected image of the reconstructed datacube and the time-unsheared image. Both simulation and experimental studies show that the SIC reconstruction improves the spatial resolution, contrast, and general quality of the reconstructed image.
Swedres 2003: report on Swedish antibiotic utilisation and resistance in human medicine (2004)

There has been close collaboration between human and veterinary medicine regarding antibiotic resistance for several years in Sweden
Low temperature InP/Si wafer bonding (2004)

An oxide-free, covalently bonded interface of InP/silicon wafer pairs has been realized at low temperature by B2H6 plasma treatment of bonding surfaces in the reactive ion etch mode followed by a HF dip and room temperature bonding in air. The bonding energy reaches InP fracture surface energy of 630 mJ/m2 at 200 °C. A total B-doped amorphous layer of about 15 Å with peak concentration of ∼2×1020 cm−3 was detected at the bonding interface. The release of hydrogen at low temperature from B–H complexes and subsequent absorption of the atomic hydrogen by the amorphous layer at the bonding interface is most likely responsible for the enhanced bonding energy.
A novel approach to determining the three-dimensional location of microscopic objects with applications to 3D particle tracking (2007)

&lt;p&gt;Recent technological advances have rendered widefield fluorescence microscopy as an invaluable tool to image fast dynamics of trafficking events in two dimensions (i.e., in the plane of focus). Three-dimensional trafficking events are studied by sequentially imaging different planes within the specimen by moving the plane of focus with a focusing device. However, these devices are typically slow and hence when the cell is being imaged at one focal plane, important events could be missed at other focal planes. To overcome this limitation, we recently developed a novel imaging technique called multifocal plane microscopy that enables the simultaneous imaging of multiple focal planes within the sample. Here, by using tools of information theory, we present a quantitative evaluation of this technique in the context of 3D particle tracking. We calculate the Fisher information matrix for the problem of determining the 3D location of an object that is imaged on a multifocal plane setup. In this way, we derive a lower bound on the accuracy with which the object can be localized in 3D. We illustrate our results by considering the object of interest to be a single molecule. It is well known that a conventional widefield microscope has poor depth discrimination capability and therefore there exists significant uncertainty in determining the axial location of the object, especially when it is close to the plane of focus. Our results predict that the multifocal plane microscope setup offers improved accuracy in determining the axial location of objects than a conventional widefield microscope.&lt;/p&gt;
54‐3: Digitally Switchable Micro Lens Array for Integral Imaging (2020)

This paper presents the design of a digitally switchable multi‐focal micro lens array to extend the depth of field without sacrificing the spatial resolution in integral imaging systems. The switchable multi‐focal micro lens array consists of a customized freeform micro lens array and a programmable spatial light modulator. A prototype with two foci was fabricated and focus tuning functionality was demonstrated using an LCoS together with a relay system.
Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein reactivity of brain- and cerebrospinal fluid-derived T cell clones in multiple sclerosis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis. (1987)

T cells were directly cloned from autopsied MS brain plaque tissue and reactivity was measured with the major encephalitogenic neuroantigens, myelin basic protein (MBP), and proteolipid protein (PLP). Control clones were simultaneously derived from the blood. The proportion of T4+ and T8+ T cell clones from the brain tissue differed from that of peripheral blood T cell clones derived at the same time, suggesting that the clones were not derived from the peripheral blood. None of 57 brain-derived T cell clones proliferated to either MBP or PLP, although they responded well to PHA and IL 2. An additional 235 clones derived from the cerebrospinal fluid and 126 clones from the peripheral blood of other subjects with multiple sclerosis also did not proliferate to MBP or PLP. In contrast, five of nine T4+ clones from the CSF of a subject with postinfectious encephalomyelitis exhibited low but clear reactivity to human MBP, supporting the possible role of MBP as the target antigen in this disease. These studies, the first to clone T cells directly from MS plaque tissue, suggest that the lack of consistent T cell reactivity to MBP or PLP in the peripheral blood of MS patients does not appear to be secondary to the sequestration of a large number of these cells in the brain.
The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms (1999)

The SIR genes are determinants of life span in yeast mother cells. Here we show that life span regulation by the Sir proteins is independent of their role in nonhomologous end joining. The short life span of a sir3 or sir4 mutant is due to the simultaneous expression of a and alpha mating-type information, which indirectly causes an increase in rDNA recombination and likely increases the production of extrachromosomal rDNA circles. The short life span of a sir2 mutant also reveals a direct failure to repress recombination generated by the Fob1p-mediated replication block in the rDNA. Sir2p is a limiting component in promoting yeast longevity, and increasing the gene dosage extends the life span in wild-type cells. A possible role of the conserved SIR2 in mammalian aging is discussed.
Adenosine Derived From ADP Can Contribute to Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation in the Presence of a P2Y 12 Antagonist (2010)

ADP inhibits platelet aggregation in the presence of a P2Y₁₂ antagonist through conversion to adenosine. Inhibition occurs in PRP but not in whole blood except when adenosine uptake is inhibited. None of the P2Y₁₂ antagonists studied replicated the effects of dipyridamole in the experiments that were performed.
The effect of sequences with high AU content on mRNA stability in tobacco. (1993)

Little is known about the mechanisms that target transcripts for rapid degradation in plants. In mammalian cells, sequences with a high AU content and multiple AUUUA motifs have been shown to cause mRNA instability when present in the 3' untranslated regions of several transcripts. This precedent, coupled with the poor accumulation of AU-rich foreign transcripts in plants (e.g., BT-toxin mRNAs), prompted us to test whether AU sequences could destabilize transcripts in tobacco. To address this question, we made a set of constructs containing sequences with high AU content inserted into the 3' untranslated regions of reporter genes. The stability of the corresponding transcripts was then assayed in stably transformed cell lines of tobacco. These experiments showed that a 60-base sequence containing 11 copies of the AUUUA motif (AUUUA repeat) markedly destabilized a beta-glucuronidase reporter transcript compared to a no-insert control or a 60-base spacer sequence (GC control). Another sequence with an identical A+U content had little effect. The same results were obtained when each sequence was assayed within the 3' untranslated region of a beta-globin reporter transcript. In regenerated transgenic plants, the AUUUA repeat decreased the accumulation of the beta-globin transcript by approximately 14-fold, compared to the GC control. Taken together, our results indicate that the AUUUA repeat is recognized as an instability determinant in plant cells and that the effect is due to the sequence of the element, not simply to the high AU content.
Thin Film Solar Cells (2006)

Series Preface. Preface. 1. Epitaxial thin-film crystalline Si solar cells on low-cost Si carriers (Jef Poortmans). 2.Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Foreign Substrates by High-Temperature Deposition and Recrystallization (Stefan Reber and Thomas Kieliba). 3. Thin-film polycrystalline Si solar cells (Guy Beaucarne and Abdellilah Slaoui). 4. Advances in microcrystalline silicon solar cell technologies (Evelyne Vallat-Sauvain, Arvind Shah and Julien Bailat). 5. Advanced Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Technologies (Miro Zeman). 6. Chalcopyrite Based Solar Cells (Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner). 7. CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells: Characterization, Fabrication and Modelling (Marc Burgelman). 8.Charge carrier photogeneration in doped and blended organicSemiconductors (V. I. Arkhipov and H. Bassler). 9. Nanocrystalline Injection Solar Cells (Michael Gratzel). 10. Charge Transport and Recombination in Donor-Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (A. J. Mozer and N. S. Sariciftci). 11. The Terawatt Challenge for Thin Film PV (Ken Zweibel).
Development of RNAi Methods for Peregrinus maidis, the Corn Planthopper (2013)

The corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, is a major pest of agronomically-important crops. Peregrinus maidis has a large geographical distribution and transmits Maize mosaic rhabdovirus (MMV) and Maize stripe tenuivirus (MSpV). The objective of this study was to develop effective RNAi methods for P. maidis. Vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an essential enzyme for hydrolysis of ATP and for transport of protons out of cells thereby maintaining membrane ion balance, and it has been demonstrated to be an efficacious target for RNAi in other insects. In this study, two genes encoding subunits of P. maidis V-ATPase (V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D) were chosen as RNAi target genes. The open reading frames of V-ATPase B and D were generated and used for constructing dsRNA fragments. Experiments were conducted using oral delivery and microinjection of V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D dsRNA to investigate the effectiveness of RNAi in P. maidis. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that microinjection of V-ATPase dsRNA led to a minimum reduction of 27-fold in the normalized abundance of V-ATPase transcripts two days post injection, while ingestion of dsRNA resulted in a two-fold reduction after six days of feeding. While both methods of dsRNA delivery resulted in knockdown of target transcripts, the injection method was more rapid and effective. The reduction in V-ATPase transcript abundance resulted in observable phenotypes. Specifically, the development of nymphs injected with 200 ng of either V-ATPase B or D dsRNA was impaired, resulting in higher mortality and lower fecundity than control insects injected with GFP dsRNA. Microscopic examination of these insects revealed that female reproductive organs did not develop normally. The successful development of RNAi in P. maidis to target specific genes will enable the development of new insect control strategies and functional analysis of vital genes and genes associated with interactions between P. maidis and MMV.
Biodegradable antigen-associated PLG nanoparticles tolerize Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation pre- and postsensitization (2016)

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the most widely used treatment for allergic diseases that directly targets the T helper 2 (Th2) bias underlying allergy. However, the most widespread clinical applications of SIT require a long period of dose escalation with soluble antigen (Ag) and carry a significant risk of adverse reactions, particularly in highly sensitized patients who stand to benefit most from a curative treatment. Thus, the development of safer, more efficient methods to induce Ag-specific immune tolerance is critical to advancing allergy treatment. We hypothesized that antigen-associated nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which we have used to prevent and treat Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmune disease, would also be effective for the induction of tolerance in a murine model of Th2-mediated ovalbumin/alum-induced allergic airway inflammation. We demonstrate here that antigen-conjugated polystyrene (Ag-PS) NPs, although effective for the prophylactic induction of tolerance, induce anaphylaxis in presensitized mice. Antigen-conjugated NPs made of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (Ag-PLG) are similarly effective prophylactically, are well tolerated by sensitized animals, but only partially inhibit Th2 responses when administered therapeutically. PLG NPs containing encapsulated antigen [PLG(Ag)], however, were well tolerated and effectively inhibited Th2 responses and airway inflammation both prophylactically and therapeutically. Thus, we illustrate progression toward PLG(Ag) as a biodegradable Ag carrier platform for the safe and effective inhibition of allergic airway inflammation without the need for nonspecific immunosuppression in animals with established Th2 sensitization.
Reactions of [1.1.1]propellane (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of [1.1.1]propellaneKenneth B. Wiberg and Sherman T. WaddellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6, 2194–2216Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00162a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00162a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5857Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atherosclerosis in the Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mouse (2004)

Arguably the most critical advancement in the elucidation of factors affecting atherogenesis has been the development of mouse models of atherosclerosis. Among available models, the apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse is particularly popular because of its propensity to spontaneously develop atherosclerotic lesions on a standard chow diet. A Medline search reveals over 645 articles dedicated to studies using this reliable and convenient "super" animal model since its inception (Piedrahita JA et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:4471-4475; Plump AS et al, Cell 1992;71:343-353) with a more or less steady increase from year to year. This review will examine our present understanding of the pathology and progression of plaques in this animal and highlight some of the nutritional, pharmacological, and genetic studies that have enhanced this understanding.
Static and dynamic scattering from ternary polymer blends: Bicontinuous microemulsions, Lifshitz lines, and amphiphilicity (2001)

Ternary polymer blends, comprising two homopolymers and the corresponding diblock copolymer, have been examined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Two chemical systems have been employed: one consisting of polyethylethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and poly(ethylethylene-b-dimethylsiloxane), and another containing polyethylenepropylene, polyethyleneoxide, and poly(ethylenepropylene-b-ethylene oxide). The molecular weights and compositions were chosen to emphasize the region of the phase prism dominated by the bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) phase; the homopolymer molecular weights and volume fractions were approximately equal. The SANS intensity was compared quantitatively with the Teubner–Strey structure factor, and interpreted via the amphiphilicity factor fa. The transition from a fully disordered mixture at higher temperatures to a well-developed BμE upon cooling did not correlate well with either the disorder line (fa=+1) or the total monomer Lifshitz line (fa=0). However, DLS provided a clear signature of this transition, via a distinct maximum in the temperature dependence of the dynamic correlation length. We hypothesize that this maximum is closely correlated to the homopolymer/homopolymer Lifshitz line. The structure of the interfaces in the BμE was further examined in terms of the curvature and the copolymer coverage, as functions of copolymer concentration and temperature.