gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Compared with Intravenous Epoetin in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis (1998)

In patients receiving hemodialysis, subcutaneous administration of epoetin can maintain the hematocrit in a desired target range, with an average weekly dose of epoetin that is lower than with intravenous administration.
Studies on the fibronectin receptors of human peripheral blood leukocytes. Morphologic and functional characterization. (1984)

We have investigated the interactions between plasma fibronectin (Fn) and human peripheral blood phagocytic cells. As shown by studies of the binding of Fn-coated fluorescent microspheres (Fn-ms), both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes had specific binding sites for Fn at the plasma membrane. However, as purified from blood, only monocytes were stimulated by Fn to become more actively phagocytic. This increase in phagocytosis was reflected by an Fn-induced increase in the ingestion of IgG-coated erythrocytes and, more dramatically by an Fn-dependent initiation of phagocytosis of C3b-coated erythrocytes. Despite this difference between PMN and monocytes in the functional consequences of Fn binding, the cell surface molecules responsible for Fn binding on the two cell types shared many characteristics. On both cells, binding of Fn-ms was inhibited by sufficient concentrations of fluid-phase Fn; both PMN and monocytes bound fewer Fn-ms at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C; both achieved maximal binding at similar Fn-ms/cell ratios; and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride did not inhibit Fn-ms binding to either cell type. Most dramatically, monoclonal anti-Fn antibodies that inhibited binding of Fn-ms to one cell type inhibited binding to both; conversely, monoclonal anti-Fn antibodies that did not inhibit Fn-ms binding to either cell type did not inhibit binding to the other. Fn will stimulate PMN to a more actively phagocytic state, like that induced in monocytes, if the PMN are first exposed to C5a or N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine. This effect occurs without apparent change in the number of Fn receptors. We conclude that the PMN and monocyte receptors for Fn are very similar, but that their milieu is very different in the two cells as purified from peripheral blood. Whereas Fn induces increased phagocytosis in monocytes, PMN must be activated before the Fn can be effective.
Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin: A G Protein-Coupled Receptor (2000)

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a variety of different external stimuli and activate G proteins. GPCRs share many structural features, including a bundle of seven transmembrane alpha helices connected by six loops of varying lengths. We determined the structure of rhodopsin from diffraction data extending to 2.8 angstroms resolution. The highly organized structure in the extracellular region, including a conserved disulfide bridge, forms a basis for the arrangement of the seven-helix transmembrane motif. The ground-state chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, holds the transmembrane region of the protein in the inactive conformation. Interactions of the chromophore with a cluster of key residues determine the wavelength of the maximum absorption. Changes in these interactions among rhodopsins facilitate color discrimination. Identification of a set of residues that mediate interactions between the transmembrane helices and the cytoplasmic surface, where G-protein activation occurs, also suggests a possible structural change upon photoactivation.
Effect of microstructure and surface impurity segregation on the electrical and electrochemical properties of dense Al-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (2013)

Al-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) pellets with a grain size of 100–200 μm and a relative density of 94% were prepared by conventional solid-state processing at a sintering temperature of 1100 °C, 130 °C lower than previously reported. Morphological features and the presence of impurities were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to visualize the distribution of impurities. The results suggest that chemical composition of the powder cover strongly affects morphology and impurity formation, and that particle size control is critical to densification. These properties, in turn, strongly affect total ionic conductivity and interfacial resistance of the sintered pellets.
Program Counter Based Pattern Classification in Pattern Based Buffer Caching (2004)

One of the most important problems in improving file system performance is to design effective block replacement schemes for the buffer cache. Recently, replacement schemes making use of regularities of references such as sequential and looping references were proposed and shown to be more effective than purely recency or frequency based schemes such as LRU. However, these schemes classify access patterns at the granularity of an application or a file, and thus cannot discern multiple access patterns within the same file and have to redetect the same access patterns that appear in multiple files. In this paper, we propose a Program Counter based Classification (PCC) technique that reduces the overhead and improves the accuracy of the classification techniques in previous pattern based replacement schemes. In addition to accurately recognizing access patterns as in previous schemes, PCC is able to (1) recognize, without additional training, the reoccurrence of the same access pattern even if they appear in multiple files, and (2) differentiate concurrent access patterns within a single file. We show via trace-driven simulations that the performance gain of PCC compared to UBM is substantial. In particular, the hit ratio improves by as much as 25% and the execution time is reduced by as much as 14% compared to the UBM scheme for the traces we considered.
Inhibition of Apoptosis Through Localized Delivery of Rapamycin-Loaded Nanoparticles Prevented Neointimal Hyperplasia and Reendothelialized Injured Artery (2008)

It may be postulated that the localized delivery of rapamycin inhibited apoptosis of VSMCs, minimizing the inflammatory response to the injury and, thus, creating conditions conducive to vascular repair (re-endothelialization). Unlike stenting, which can lead to thrombosis and increased risk for in-stent restenosis, our approach could eliminate or minimize long-term complications because the injured artery undergoes a natural process of re-endothelialization.
Direct-Write Piezoelectric Polymeric Nanogenerator with High Energy Conversion Efficiency (2010)

Nanogenerators capable of converting energy from mechanical sources to electricity with high effective efficiency using low-cost, nonsemiconducting, organic nanomaterials are attractive for many applications, including energy harvesters. In this work, near-field electrospinning is used to direct-write poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers with in situ mechanical stretch and electrical poling characteristics to produce piezoelectric properties. Under mechanical stretching, nanogenerators have shown repeatable and consistent electrical outputs with energy conversion efficiency an order of magnitude higher than those made of PVDF thin films. The early onset of the nonlinear domain wall motions behavior has been identified as one mechanism responsible for the apparent high piezoelectricity in nanofibers, rendering them potentially advantageous for sensing and actuation applications.
Long-Term Treatment of Calcium Nephrolithiasis with Potassium Citrate (1985)

The long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy (usually 20 mEq. 3 times daily during 1 to 4.33 years) were examined in 89 patients with hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis or uric acid lithiasis, with or without calcium nephrolithiasis. Hypocitraturia caused by renal tubular acidosis or chronic diarrheal syndrome was associated with other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypercalciuria or hyperuricosuria, or occurred alone. Potassium citrate therapy caused a sustained increase in urinary pH and potassium, and restored urinary citrate to normal levels. No substantial or significant changes occurred in urinary uric acid, oxalate, sodium or phosphorus levels, or total volume. Owing to these physiological changes, uric acid solubility increased, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate decreased and the propensity for spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate was reduced to normal. Therefore, the physicochemical environment of urine following treatment became less conducive to the crystallization of calcium oxalate or uric acid, since it stimulated that of normal subjects without stones. Commensurate with the aforementioned physiological and physicochemical changes the treatment produced clinical improvement, since individual stone formation decreased in 97.8 per cent of the patients, remission was obtained in 79.8 per cent and the need for surgical treatment of newly formed stones was eliminated. In patients with relapse after other treatment, such as thiazide, the addition of potassium citrate induced clinical improvement. Thus, our study provides physiological, physicochemical and clinical validation for the use of potassium citrate in the treatment of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium nephrolithiasis.
Antimicrobial activities of heparin‐binding peptides (2004)

Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system. We recently showed that the human antimicrobial peptides alpha-defensin and LL-37 bind to glycosaminoglycans (heparin and dermatan sulphate). Here we demonstrate the obverse, i.e. structural motifs associated with heparin affinity (cationicity, amphipaticity, and consensus regions) may confer antimicrobial properties to a given peptide. Thus, heparin-binding peptides derived from laminin isoforms, von Willebrand factor, vitronectin, protein C inhibitor, and fibronectin, exerted antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained using heparin-binding peptides derived from complement factor C3 as well as consensus sequences for heparin-binding (Cardin and Weintraub motifs). These sequence motifs, and additional peptides, also killed the fungus Candida albicans. These data will have implications for the search for novel antimicrobial peptides and utilization of heparin-protein interactions should be helpful in the identification and purification of novel antimicrobial peptides from complex biological mixtures. Finally, consensus regions may serve as templates for de novo synthesis of novel antimicrobial molecules.
Some Unique Features of Dendrimers Based upon Self‐Assembly and Host–Guest Properties (2001)

This chapter has sections titled: Introduction Self-Assembly of Dendrimers Host–Guest Chemistry of Dendritic Macromolecules Conclusion and Prospects References
Antiangiogenic Therapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antisense Therapy (2004)

Angiogenesis is increased in various human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be a key regulator of angiogenesis. We determined whether VEGF antisense oligonucleotide treatment can decrease the angiogenic activity of HNSCC cell lines in vitro and of HNSCC xenografts in vivo. Established human HNSCC cell lines were screened for VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels. By using a 21-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeting the translation start site of human VEGF mRNA, we examined the modulation of VEGF expression in cell line supernatants by capture ELISA and in cell lysates by Western blotting. Human endothelial cells were grown in conditioned medium produced from the treated tumor cells. Endothelial cell proliferation was determined by cell count, and endothelial cell migration was measured using a modified Boyden chamber. Mice with HNSCC xenografts were treated with PBS, VEGF antisense or sense oligonucleotides (10 mg/kg i.p. injection, 3 times/week), respectively, and tumor volumes were measured for 5 weeks. VEGF antisense oligonucleotide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of VEGF protein expression compared to treatment with the sense control. Although the growth rate of the tumor cell lines was not affected, the addition of conditioned medium from VEGF antisense-treated tumor cells resulted in decreased endothelial cell proliferation and migration. VEGF antisense oligonucleotide treatment of HNSCC xenografts resulted in a significant tumor growth suppression. These results suggest that downmodulation of VEGF using antisense oligonucleotides may be a potential therapy for the inhibition of angiogenesis in HNSCC.
Waveguide integrated silicon avalanche photodetectors (2013)

We have fabricated silicon avalanche photodetectors integrated with silicon-on-insulator straight waveguides as well as ring resonator structures. The photodetectors comprise a p-i-n junction, with photogeneration mediated by the presence of deep-levels. For a 400 &mu;m straight waveguide detector we measure a responsivity of 4.4 A/W at 40 V, and an avalanche multiplication gain of 640. The detectors incorporated with a ring resonator, offer a high sensitivity, wavelength selective detector option suitable for very low power applications, with a responsivity of 20 A/W at 30 V.
Optical force lateral push–pulling using focus positioning (2012)

The placement of the beam focus corresponding with the center of living matter (such as cells) in an optical tweezer can result in photodamage. We advance a scheme here that locates the focus of the beam either above or below the matter to pull and push relative to the beam axis in a predominant lateral sense based on the resultant action of scattering and gradient forces. Switching to a laser that acts oppositely serves to restore the axial position of the matter. Although an exact value could not be derived due to the statistical nature of Brownian perturbations and time frame considerations, we simulated the optical force fields to visualize the effective force envelope. The lateral optical push–pull operation was conducted experimentally on polystyrene beads in which the motion manipulation efficacy was characterized.
A Field Sequential Color LCD Based on Color Fields Arrangement for Color Breakup and Flicker Reduction (2009)

The field sequential color (FSC) mechanism can effectively generate multi-primary color fields in temporal sequence to form a full-color image. Color breakup (CBU), however, has appeared intrinsically in conventional FSC displays to degrade visual qualities. A novel CBU suppression method, color fields arrangement (CFA), was proposed to eliminate the artifacts for FSC liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The modified order of consecutive color fields results in superimposed color images on a retina without CBU. Additionally, the 4-CFA method with a field rate of 240 Hz was found to avoid the flicker phenomenon on static images. The proposed method was successfully implemented on a 5.6-in optically compensated bend (OCB) LC panel. Our results confirm that the visibility of CBU artifacts can be reduced as the evaluation of dynamic and static models.
P19 ARF stabilizes p53 by blocking nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Mdm2 (1999)

The INK4a-ARF locus encodes two distinct tumor suppressors, p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF). Whereas p16(INK4a) restrains cell growth through preventing phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, p19(ARF) acts by attenuating Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53, thereby stabilizing p53. Recent data indicate that Mdm2 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and that nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Mdm2 is essential for Mdm2's ability to promote p53 degradation. Therefore, Mdm2 must export p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it targets p53 for degradation. We show here that coexpression of p19(ARF) blocks the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Mdm2. Moreover, subnuclear localization of Mdm2 changes from the nucleoplasm to the nucleolus in a shuttling time-dependent manner, whereas p19(ARF) is exclusively located in the nucleolus. In heterokaryons containing Mdm2 and p19(ARF), the longer the Mdm2 shuttling is allowed, the more Mdm2 protein colocalizes with p19(ARF) in the nucleolus, implying that Mdm2 moves from the nucleoplasm to the nucleolus and then associates with p19(ARF) there. Furthermore, whether or not Mdm2 colocalizes with p19(ARF) in the nucleolus, p19(ARF) prevents Mdm2 shuttling. This observation suggests that Mdm2 might be exported through the nucleolus and p19(ARF) could inhibit the nuclear export of Mdm2 by tethering Mdm2 in the nucleolus. Taken together, p19(ARF) could stabilize p53 by inhibiting the nuclear export of Mdm2.
Anonymous Usage of Location-Based Services Through Spatial and Temporal Cloaking (2003)

Article Share on Anonymous Usage of Location-Based Services Through Spatial and Temporal Cloaking Authors: Marco Gruteser View Profile , Dirk Grunwald View Profile Authors Info & Claims MobiSys '03: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and servicesMay 2003Pages 31–42https://doi.org/10.1145/1066116.1189037Published:05 May 2003Publication History 1,618citation6,645DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,618Total Downloads6,645Last 12 Months247Last 6 weeks14 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals via nanoparticle doping (2010)

It is known that a small fraction of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid crystal can alter the electrooptic response, completely. The present study on gold nanoparticles dispersed in 5-n-heptyl-2-(4-n-octyloxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine shows that the contrast inversion observed earlier is initiated by a change from parallel to homeotropic anchoring, thereby causing an instability, which in turn leads to the appearance of convection rolls. After rapid cooling from the isotropic phase, the nanoparticle dispersion shows a regular field-induced Fréedericksz transition, like the pure liquid crystal. The electrohydrodynamic instability is presumably an example for the behavior of (+, −) systems that was predicted by de Gennes, and only recently observed experimentally for the first time.
Triterpenoid Saponins from Lysimachia davurica (2006)

Three new saponins were isolated from the whole plants of Lysimachia davurica. On the basis of 1D and 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)HCOSY, HMBC, HMQC, and TOCSY) techniques, MS, and hydrolysis, their structures were found to be 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-13,28-epoxy-3beta-hydroxy-16-oleanaone (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxyuronic acid-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-cyclamiretin A (2), and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-cyclamiretin A (3), respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant cytotoxicities against human A-2780 cells.
A general model of G protein‐coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homologs (2006)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large superfamily involved in various types of signal transduction pathways triggered by hormones, odorants, peptides, proteins, and other types of ligands. The superfamily is so diverse that many members lack sequence similarity, although they all span the cell membrane seven times with an extracellular N and a cytosolic C terminus. We analyzed a divergent set of GPCRs and found distinct loop length patterns and differences in amino acid composition between cytosolic loops, extracellular loops, and membrane regions. We configured GPCRHMM, a hidden Markov model, to fit those features and trained it on a large dataset representing the entire superfamily. GPCRHMM was benchmarked to profile HMMs and generic transmembrane detectors on sets of known GPCRs and non-GPCRs. In a cross-validation procedure, profile HMMs produced an error rate nearly twice as high as GPCRHMM. In a sensitivity-selectivity test, GPCRHMM's sensitivity was about 15% higher than that of the best transmembrane predictors, at comparable false positive rates. We used GPCRHMM to search for novel members of the GPCR superfamily in five proteomes. All in all we detected 120 sequences that lacked annotation and are potentially novel GPCRs. Out of those 102 were found in Caenorhabditis elegans, four in human, and seven in mouse. Many predictions (65) belonged to Pfam domains of unknown function. GPCRHMM strongly rejected a family of arthropod-specific odorant receptors believed to be GPCRs. A detailed analysis showed that these sequences are indeed very different from other GPCRs. GPCRHMM is available at http://gpcrhmm.cgb.ki.se.
Using in vitro selection to direct the covalent attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein to high-affinity RNA ligands. (1995)

We have used an in vitro selection procedure called crosslinking SELEX (SELEX = systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) to identify RNA sequences that bind with high affinity and crosslink to the Rev protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A randomized RNA library substituted with the photoreactive chromophore 5-iodouracil was irradiated with monochromatic UV light in the presence of Rev. Those sequences with the ability to photocrosslink to Rev were partitioned from the rest of the RNA pool, amplified, and used for the next round of selection. Rounds of photocrosslinking selection were alternated with rounds of selection for RNA sequences with high affinity to Rev. This iterative, dual-selection method yielded RNA molecules with subnanomolar dissociation constants and high efficiency photocrosslinking to Rev. Some of the RNA molecules isolated by this procedure form a stable complex with Rev that is resistant to denaturing gel electrophoresis in the absence of UV irradiation. In vitro selection of nucleic acids by using modified nucleotides allows the isolation of nucleic acid molecules with potentially limitless chemical capacities to covalently attack a target molecule.
Recognition of elderly speech and voice-driven document retrieval (1999)

We have collected a corpus of 78 hours of speech from 297 elderly speakers, with an average age of 79. We find that acoustic models built from elderly speech provide much better recognition than do non-elderly models (42.1 vs. 54.6% WER). We also find that elderly men have substantially higher word error rates than elderly women (typically 14% absolute). We report on other experiments with this corpus, dividing the speakers by age, by gender, and by regional accent. Using the resulting "elderly acoustic model", we built a document-retrieval program that can be operated by voice or typing. After usability tests with 110 speakers, we tested the final system on 37 elderly speakers. Each retrieved 4 documents from a database of 86,190 Boston Globe articles, 2 by typing and 2 by speech. We measured how quickly they retrieved each article, and how much help they required. We find no difference between spoken and typed queries in either retrieval times or in amount of help required, regardless of age, gender, or computer experience. However, users perceive speech to be substantially faster, and overwhelmingly prefer speech to typing.