gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Solid-Phase Cyclopropanation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Solid-Phase CyclopropanationTadamichi Nagashima and Huw M. L. DaviesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11, 2695–2696Publication Date (Web):February 24, 2001Publication History Received9 November 2000Published online24 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005776ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005776erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cyclopropanation,Hydrocarbons,Molecular structure,Organic polymers,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Rift Valley Fever Virus Transcriptional Terminations (2007)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) has a tripartite negative-strand genome and causes a mosquito-borne disease among humans and livestock in sub-Saharan African and Arabian Peninsula countries. Phlebovirus L, M, and N mRNAs are synthesized from the virus-sense RNA segments, while NSs mRNA is transcribed from the anti-virus-sense S segment. The present study determined the 3' termini of all RVFV mRNAs. The 3' termini of N and NSs mRNAs were mapped within the S-segment intergenic region and were complementary to each other by 30 to 60 nucleotides. The termini of M and L mRNAs were mapped within 122 to 107 nucleotides and 16 to 41 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5' ends of their templates. Viral RNA elements that control phlebovirus transcriptional terminations are largely unknown. Our studies suggested the importance of a pentanucleotide sequence, CGUCG, for N, NSs, and M mRNA transcription terminations. Homopolymeric tracts of C sequences, which were located upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence, promoted N and M mRNA terminations. Likewise, the homopolymeric tracts of G sequences that are found upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence promoted NSs mRNA termination. The L-segment 5'-untranslated region (L-5' UTR) had neither the pentanucleotide sequence nor homopolymeric sequences, yet replacement of the S-segment intergenic region with the L-5' UTR exerted N mRNA termination in an infectious virus. The L-5' UTR contained two 13-nucleotide-long complete complementary sequences, and their sequence complementarities were important for L mRNA termination. A computer-mediated RNA secondary structure analysis further suggested that RNA secondary structures formed by the sections of the two 13-nucleotide-long sequences and by the sequence between them may have a role in L mRNA termination. Our data demonstrated that viral RNA elements that govern L mRNA termination differed from those that regulate mRNA terminations in the M and S segments.
Interleukin 1 alpha acts as an autocrine growth stimulator for human gastric carcinoma cells. (1993)

The expression and effect of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) were examined in human gastric carcinoma cell lines to determine if IL-1 alpha acts as a growth stimulator for these cells. Six of 8 gastric carcinoma cell lines expressed IL-1 alpha mRNA at various levels. Among them, TMK-1 and MKN-7 cells secreted IL-1 alpha into the culture fluid, in an especially large amount by MKN-7 cells. Scatchard plot analysis of IL-1 alpha binding revealed that TMK-1 cells had only one type of high-affinity receptors, whereas MKN-7 cells had high- and low-affinity receptors. Cell growth and DNA synthesis of TMK-1 and MKN-7 cells were stimulated by IL-1 alpha, and those of MKN-7 were inhibited by addition of anti-IL-1 alpha antibody or IL-1 receptor antagonist. The expression of IL-1 alpha mRNA by these cell lines was induced by either IL-1 alpha, epidermal growth factor, or transforming growth factor alpha. On the other hand, IL-1 alpha increased the mRNA expression for transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor. These findings indicate that IL-1 alpha is an autocrine growth stimulator for gastric carcinoma cells and the interaction with epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor alpha/receptor system should be involved in the growth modulation by IL-1 alpha.
A Methodology for Extracting Legal Norms from Regulatory Documents (2015)

We present a methodology to extract legal norms from regulatory documents for their formalisation and later compliance checking. The need for the methodology is motivated from the shortcomings of existing approaches where the rule type and process aspects relevant to the rules are largely overlook. The methodology incorporates the well-known IF... THEN structure extended with the process aspect and rule type, and guides how to properly extract the conditions and logical structure of the legal rules for reasoning and modelling of obligations for compliance checking.
LIM kinases are required for invasive path generation by tumor and tumor-associated stromal cells (2010)

LIM kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1/2) are centrally positioned regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown or a novel small molecule inhibitor, we show LIMK is required for path generation by leading tumor cells and nontumor stromal cells during collective tumor cell invasion. LIMK inhibition lowers cofilin phosphorylation, F-actin levels, serum response factor transcriptional activity and collagen contraction, and reduces invasion in three-dimensional invasion assays. Although motility was unaffected, LIMK inhibition impairs matrix protein degradation and invadopodia formation associated with significantly faster recovery times in FRAP assays indicative of reduced F-actin stability. When LIMK is knocked down in MDA-MB-231 cells, they lose the ability to lead strands of collectively invading cells. Similarly, when LIMK activity is blocked in cancer-associated fibroblasts, they are unable to lead the collective invasion of squamous carcinoma cells in an organotypic skin model. These results show that LIMK is required for matrix remodeling activities for path generation by leading cells in collective invasion.
Hexahedral Mesh Generation Using Multi-Axis Cooper Algorithm. (2000)

Using "chemically misacylated AMP" which is photogeneratable, tRNA can be enzymatically acylated with N-methylamino acids in an efficiency comparable to that of the corresponding natural aminoacylation process with amino acids.
Cloning from a mouse osteoblastic cell line of a set of transforming‐growth‐factor‐β1‐regulated genes, one of which seems to encode a follistatin‐related polypeptide (1993)

Transforming growth factor(TGF)beta 1 is a potent inhibitor of growth in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. To isolate genes that are induced by TGF beta 1, the differential screening method was adopted using a cDNA library constructed from cells treated with TGF beta 1 for 4 h. Six independent cDNA clones were isolated (TGF beta-stimulated clone, TSC-5, TSC-36, TSC-115, TSC-128, TSC-160 and TSC-161), the expression of which was increased by TGF beta 1-treatment with maximal expression at 6-10 h. The steady-state levels of TSC-36, TSC-128 and TSC-160 increased almost tenfold, whereas those of TSC-5, TSC-115 and TSC-161 were elevated at most threefold. From partial nucleotide sequences, TSC-160 was found to be identical to rrg (ras-recision gene, lysyl oxidase), and TSC-115 had 80% similarity with tropomyosin cDNA, whereas other genes seemed novel. Expression of TSC-36 and TSC-160 was dramatically decreased in v-Ki-ras-transformed MC3T3 cells or in transformed NIH 3T3 cells (DT), and was recovered to normal levels in a flat revertant (C11). A nearly full-length copy of TSC-36 cDNA was isolated, and an open reading frame indicated that it encodes a protein of 35 kDa. An antiserum was raised against the C-terminal peptide predicted from the nucleotide sequence, and a polypeptide with an approximate molecular mass of 38 kDa was detected in cultured medium of MC3T3-E1 cells. The amino acid sequence of TSC-36 protein was found to have some similarity with follistatin, an activin-binding protein, and a limited similarity with the secreted protein rich in cysteine (SPARC).
Time course of coronary vascular endothelial adhesion molecule expression during reperfusion of the ischemic feline myocardium (1995)

The time course of endothelial P-selectin, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression was studied in a feline model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Cats were subjected to 90 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 0, 10, 20, 60, 150, or 270 min of reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, the coronary vasculature was examined immunohistochemically to localize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) PB1.3, RR1/1, and Cy1787 directed against P-selectin, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, respectively. Immunohistochemical localization for P-selectin, recognized by mAb PB1.3, was maximally expressed 20 min after reperfusion in 60 +/- 6% of coronary venules (P < 0.05 compared to non-reperfused controls), and covered 59 +/- 3% of the endothelial cell perimeter of immunostained coronary venules. Immunolocalization of mAb PB1.3 gradually declined at 60, 150, and 270 min of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical localization of mAb RR1/1 (anti-ICAM-1) in endothelial cells of coronary venules was observed to a modest extent in non-ischemic myocardium and at 10, 20, and 60 min of reperfusion, but was significantly increased following 150 and 270 min of reperfusion (P < 0.05 compared non-reperfused controls). At 270 min post-reperfusion, mAb RR1/1 was seen in 50 +/- 4% of coronary venules. Endothelial immunolocalization of mAb Cy1787 (anti-E-selectin) was only observed in 13 +/- 1 and 14 +/- 3% of coronary venules after 150 and 270 min of reperfusion, respectively, suggesting that pronounced expression of E-selectin does not occur within 270 min after reperfusion. These results demonstrate sequential expression of three major endothelial cell adherence molecules in situ following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The timing of endothelial cell expressed P-selectin and ICAM-1 could coordinate neutrophil trafficking during the early stages of reperfusion.
RNAi methods for management of insects and their pathogens. (2012)

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi), a post-transcriptional gene silencing method discovered in 1998, has been used in basic research in almost every area of biology to silence genes in order to learn about their function. This technology also has many potential applications in molecular medicine, in agriculture and many other fields. RNAi has been extensively used to understand the molecular basis of physiological, developmental, behavioural and reproductive processes in insects. This technology also has a potential to assist in developing target-specific management methods for insect pests and pathogens that cause diseases in beneficial insects. Recent literature on RNAi methods and their applications for controlling insect pests and pathogens that cause diseases in beneficial insects will be reviewed.
TiCl4-Promoted Multicomponent Reaction:  A New Entry to Functionalized α-Amino Acids (2004)

TiCl(4)-promoted multicomponent reactions involving N-tosyl imino ester, cyclic enol ether, and silane reagents in a single one-pot operation provide functionalized alpha-amino acids with multiple stereogenic centers in good to excellent yields. Cis/trans selectivities with optically active substituted dihydrofurans have been investigated.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist binds to the type II interleukin-1 receptor on B cells and neutrophils. (1991)

We have examined the binding of human and rodent interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to the type II IL-1 receptor on the human B cell line, Raji, on the mouse pre-B cell line, 70Z/3, and on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Human IL-1ra binds to the receptors on the human B cells with an affinity (KD = 15 +/- 3 nM) equal to that of IL-1 alpha and only 15-fold lower than that of IL-1 beta and, likewise, binds to human PMNs with an affinity (KD = 8 +/- 4 nM) 15-fold lower than that of IL-1 beta. Mouse and rat IL-1ra bind to these two human cell types with an affinity similar to that of the human protein. Human IL-1ra binds very weakly to the type II receptor on the mouse pre-B cells with an affinity (KD = 1.4 +/- 0.2 microM) about 1500-fold lower than human IL-1 beta. Mouse and rat IL-1ra also bind to the mouse pre-B cells with low affinity. The weak binding of the three IL-1ra proteins to these mouse cells appears to be more a consequence of the cell type rather than species specificity. There may be a population of cells for which the actions of IL-1 cannot be effectively opposed by IL-1ra, although this group does not include mature B cells and PMNs.
Characterization of New PPARγ Agonists: Analysis of Telmisartan’s Structural Components (2009)

In addition to a proven efficacy in lowering blood pressure, the AT1 receptor blocker telmisartan has recently been shown to exert pleiotropic effects as a partial agonist of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Based on these findings and an excellent side-effect profile, telmisartan may serve as a lead structure for the development of new PPARgamma ligands. Therefore, we analyzed the structural components of telmisartan to identify those necessary for PPARgamma activation. Synthesized compounds were tested in a differentiation assay using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and a luciferase assay with COS-7 cells transiently transfected with pGal4-hPPARgammaDEF, pGal5-TK-pGL3 and pRL-CMV. The data obtained in this structure-activity relationship (SAR) study provide the basis for the development of new PPARgamma ligands, which could lead to active compounds with a distinct, beneficial pharmacological profile compared with the existing full agonists. The basic 1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole scaffold of telmisartan was identified as an essential moiety with either a carboxylic acid or tetrazole group at the C-2 position of the biphenyl. For maximum potency and activity, the alkyl chain in position 2 requires a minimum length of at least two C atoms (ethyl group), while the methyl group at position 4 of the benzimidazole core seems to contribute to partial activity. An additional benzimidazole at position 6 appears to be a further determinant of potency. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the methyl group in position 1.
Sustainability Issues in Finance (2012)

Sustainable finance calls for unprecedented attention, in sight of promoting sustainability beyond the original focus on economic, social and environmental development. Much room remains for progress, as shown by the wide range of topics that fit into the sustainability agenda of the "Rio+20" Earth Summit. A key role can be played by the process of financial innovation, far from exhausted. Challenging tasks include a more massive recourse to public-private partnership models (such as JESSICA, JEREMIE and JASMINE) and to the best practices in sustainable finance. The adoption of the Equator Principles and sustainability indexes on a larger scale in lending and investing may significantly contribute to the sustainable - as well as smart and inclusive - growth that "Europe 2020" is aimed at.
Evidence for the differential expression of a variant EGF receptor protein in human prostate cancer (2000)

Earlier studies have demonstrated an unexplained depletion of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression in prostatic cancer. We now attribute this phenomenon to the presence of a variant EGFR (EGFRvIII) that is highly expressed in malignant prostatic neoplasms. In a retrospective study, normal, benign hyperplastic and malignant prostatic tissues were examined at the mRNA and protein levels for the presence of this mutant receptor. The results demonstrated that whilst EGFRvIII was not present in normal prostatic glands, the level of expression of this variant protein increased progressively with the gradual transformation of the tissues to the malignant phenotype. The selective association of high EGFRvIII levels with the cancer phenotype underlines the role that this mutant receptor may maintain in the initiation and progression of malignant prostatic growth, and opens the way for new approaches in the management of this disease including gene therapy.
Method to extract diffusion length from solar cell parameters—Application to polycrystalline silicon (2003)

A closed form, analytical expression for the interdependence of the effective diffusion length Leff and the open-circuit voltage of solar cells is derived for the parallel connection of recombination in the space-charge region and in the neutral base region. This expression allows for the calculation of Leff from the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, and the base doping of the solar cell as the only quantities that need to be determined experimentally. Values of Leff calculated with our method match with an accuracy of 35% values that are determined experimentally by quantum-efficiency measurements of silicon solar cells. The agreement holds in a range 0.3 μm &amp;lt;Leff&amp;lt;300 μm. Alternatively, Leff is calculated from the short-circuit current and from the overall light absorption in the solar cell via an analytical expression for the Leff -dependence of carrier collection. Again, we find a good match between the measured Leff and the values calculated by this method. We further analyze photovoltaic output parameters from literature data of polycrystalline silicon solar cells covering grain sizes from 10−2 to 104 μm. We calculate Leff for these solar cells with our method and interpret the results in terms of grain-boundary recombination velocity SGB. We find that the data points split into two distinct groups, one with 105 cm/s&amp;lt;SGB&amp;lt;107 cm/s, and one showing 101 cm/s&amp;lt;SGB&amp;lt;103 cm/s. Since all cells with low SGB have a {220} surface texture, we ascribe the low-recombination velocity of grain boundaries to the low-electronic activity of [110]-tilt grain boundaries in these films.
Engineered Design of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Deliver Doxorubicin and P-Glycoprotein siRNA to Overcome Drug Resistance in a Cancer Cell Line (2010)

Overexpression of drug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) protein is one of the major mechanisms for multiple drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. A new approach to overcome MDR is to use a co-delivery strategy that utilizes a siRNA to silence the expression of efflux transporter together with an appropriate anticancer drug for drug resistant cells. In this paper, we report that mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) can be functionalized to effectively deliver a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) as well as Pgp siRNA to a drug-resistant cancer cell line (KB-V1 cells) to accomplish cell killing in an additive or synergistic fashion. The functionalization of the particle surface with a phosphonate group allows electrostatic binding of Dox to the porous interior, from where the drug could be released by acidification of the medium under abiotic and biotic conditions. In addition, phosphonate modification also allows exterior coating with the cationic polymer, polyethylenimine, which endows the MSNP to contemporaneously deliver Pgp siRNA. The dual delivery of Dox and siRNA in KB-V1 cells was capable of increasing the intracellular as well as intranuclear drug concentration to levels exceeding that of free Dox or the drug being delivered by MSNP in the absence of siRNA codelivery. These results demonstrate that it is possible to use the MSNP platform to effectively deliver a siRNA that knocks down gene expression of a drug exporter that can be used to improve drug sensitivity to a chemotherapeutic agent.
Modulation of Membrane Fusion by Asymmetric Transbilayer Distributions of Amino Lipids (1994)

The fusion of model lipid bilayers containing synthetic amino lipids and the regulation of this fusion by inducing transbilayer asymmetry of these amino lipids via imposed pH gradients are demonstrated. Liposomes of 100 nm diameter consisting of 5 mol% 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propane (AL1) in a mixture of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and cholesterol in a ratio of 35:20:45 do not fuse at pH 4.0. Fusion also is not observed upon increasing the external pH of these vesicles to 7.5, which results in the rapid transport of AL1 to the inner monolayer, as measured by a fluorescent probe sensitive to surface charge. However, dissipation of the imposed pH gradient leads to redistribution of AL1 to the outer monolayer at pH 7.5 and causes liposomal fusion, as detected by fluorescent lipid-mixing assay and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The effect of varying the hydrocarbon structure of AL1 on the rate of fusion is demonstrated with five synthetic analogues, AL2-AL6. Higher rates of fusion occur with lipids containing longer unsaturated acyl chains and with lower values of pKa for the membrane-bound amino lipids. Fusion is also associated with destabilization of the bilayer at pH 7.5, as indicated by the formation of the hexagonal HII phase.
The potential application of ribozymes for the treatment of hematological disorders (1999)

With the identification and increasing understanding of the genes involved in neoplastic transformation has come the realization that abrogation of these genes' products may lead to cell death or a return to normalcy. The use of ribozymes and their nucleic acid cousins, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), are two such ways of perturbing the disease-related gene expression. This review will look at the development and application of ribozymes to abrogate gene expression, with particular relevance to hematological settings. Some examples of antisense ODNs will also be mentioned where appropriate.
Hepatic expression, synthesis and secretion of a novel fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein that prevents endothelial-cell apoptosis (2000)

Using degenerate PCR we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel 406- and 410-amino acid protein from human and mouse embryonic cDNAs and have designated it 'hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein' (HFARP). The N-terminal and C-terminal portions of HFARP contain the characteristic coiled-coil domains and fibrinogen-like domains that are conserved in angiopoietins. In human and mouse tissues, HFARP mRNA is specifically expressed in the liver. HFARP mRNA and protein are mainly present in the hepatocytes. HFARP has a highly hydrophobic region at the N-terminus that is typical of a secretory signal sequence and one consensus glycosylation site. Recombinant HFARP expressed in COS-7 cells is secreted and glycosylated. HFARP protein is present not only in the hepatocytes, but also in the circulating blood. Recombinant HFARP acts as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells, but does not bind to Tie1 or Tie2 (endothelial-cell tyrosine kinase receptors). These results suggest that HFARP may exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action.