gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel monoclonal antibody-defined antigen which distinguishes human non-small cell from small cell lung carcinomas. (1986)

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with the human epidermoid lung carcinoma cell line T222 were fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies to human lung cancer antigens. Hybridoma culture supernatants were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for reactivity against a panel of human lung tumor cell lines. Supernatant from hybridoma EA1 (immunoglobulin G1) displayed strong reactivity with four of four non-small cell lung carcinomas but did not react with three of three small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines. This hybridoma was cloned by limiting dilution and utilized to generate ascites antibody for subsequent immunohistochemical and antigen characterization studies. Evaluation of fresh frozen tumor tissue sections by immunoperoxidase staining methods revealed EA1 reactivity with the vast majority of non-SCLCs tested (21 of 21 epidermoid, 17 of 18 adenocarcinomas, four of four large cell, two of two bronchioloalveolar) and no reactivity with nine of nine small cell lung carcinomas. EA1 also stained bronchial epithelium and other benign and malignant epithelial tissues. The EA1 antigen was determined to have a molecular weight of 75,000 by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human non-SCLC tumor extracts. These data imply that EA1 recognizes a novel antigen expressed by non-SCLCs and other epithelial tissues. The absence of EA1 reactivity with SCLCs suggests that this monoclonal antibody may find future application in distinguishing non-SCLC from SCLC and prove useful in furthering our understanding of the histogenesis of lung carcinomas.
Application of hetero Diels-Alder methodology, towards the synthesis of martinelline (1999)

grantor: University of Toronto
Polynuclear metal complexes of nanometre size. A versatile synthetic strategy leading to luminescent and redox-active dendrimers made of an osmium(II)-based core and ruthenium(II)-based units in the branches (1997)

A docosanuclear metal complex of nanometric size and dendritic shape made of an osmium(ii)-based core and containing 21 ruthenium(ii)-based units in the branches has been prepared. The key building blocks are the [Os(2,3-dpp) 3 ] 2+ ‘complex ligand’, and the [Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 Cl 2 ] 2+ and [{Ru(bpy) 2 (µ-2,3-dpp)} 2 RuCl 2 ] 4+ ‘complex metals’ {2,3-dpp=2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine; 2,3-Medpp + =2-[2-(1-methylpyridiniumyl)]-3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazine; bpy=2,2′-bipyridine}. The first step of the synthesis is the formation of the tetranuclear [Os{(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 } 3 ] 14+ species in which the peripheral ligands 2,3-Medpp + are 2,3-dpp ligands with the second chelating site inactivated (protected) by methylation. This species is obtained from the reaction of the [Os(2,3-dpp) 3 ] 2+ ‘complex ligand’ core, which contains three open chelating positions, with three equivalents of the [Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 Cl 2 ] 2+ ‘complex metal’, where the labile Cl - ligands can be replaced by the chelating units of the core. Successive demethylation (deprotection) of the tetranuclear compound opens the six peripheral chelating sites. At this stage, the divergent synthesis can be iterated {reaction with six equivalents of the [Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 Cl 2 ] 2+ ‘complex metal’} with formation of the protected decanuclear compound [Os{(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru[(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 ] 2 } 3 ] 32+ . Alternatively, in a convergent approach, the reaction of the deprotected tetranuclear species with six equivalents of the trinuclear [{Ru(bpy) 2 (µ-2,3-dpp)} 2 RuCl 2 ] 4+ ‘complex metal’ leads to the docosanuclear [Os{(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru[(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru{(µ -2,3-dpp)Ru(bpy) 2 } 2 ] 2 } 3 ] 44+ species. The absorption spectra, luminescence properties, and electrochemical behaviour of [Os(2,3-dpp) 3 ] 2+ , [Os(µ-2,3-dpp) 3 {Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 } 3 ] 14+ , [Os{(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru[(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru(2,3-Medpp) 2 ] 2 } 3 ] 32+ , and [Os{(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru[(µ-2,3-dpp)Ru{(µ -2,3-dpp)Ru(bpy) 2 } 2 ] 2 } 3 ] 44+ have been investigated.
Sofosbuvir for Previously Untreated Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2013)

In a single-group study of sofosbuvir combined with peginterferon-ribavirin, patients with predominantly genotype 1 or 4 HCV infection had a rate of sustained virologic response of 90% at 12 weeks. In a noninferiority trial, patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection who received either sofosbuvir or peginterferon with ribavirin had nearly identical rates of response (67%). Adverse events were less frequent with sofosbuvir than with peginterferon. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; FISSION and NEUTRINO ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01497366 and NCT01641640, respectively.).
Determination of the energy levels of a phosphorescent guest in organic light emitting devices (2000)

We have used photoelectron spectroscopy to study the relative binding energies of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the phosphorescent guest, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (PtOEP), and the organic electron transport host, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq3) in PtOEP:Alq3 composite films. The PtOEP HOMO position was found to be 0.50±0.13 eV above that of the Alq3 host, independent of the guest molecule concentration (0.8%–22% by mass). These results are consistent with the assumption that the vacuum levels of the guest and host align.
Numerical Studies of a Supersonic Fluidic Diverter Actuator for Flow Control (2010)

The analysis of the internal flow structure and performance of a specific fluidic diverter actuator, previously studied by time-dependent numerical computations for subsonic flow, is extended to include operation with supersonic actuator exit velocities. The understanding will aid in the development of fluidic diverters with minimum pressure losses and advanced designs of flow control actuators. The self-induced oscillatory behavior of the flow is successfully predicted and the calculated oscillation frequencies with respect to flow rate have excellent agreement with our experimental measurements. The oscillation frequency increases with Mach number, but its dependence on flow rate changes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic regimes. The delay time for the initiation of oscillations depends on the flow rate and the acoustic speed in the gaseous medium for subsonic flow, but is unaffected by the flow rate for supersonic conditions
Working principles in the immune system implied by the "peptidic self" model. (1987)

The hypothesis that self as well as foreign proteins are processed into peptides and presented by major histocompatibility complex antigens leads to a set of working principles that could govern cellular interactions in immune responses. In particular, "idiopeptides," derived from immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and recognized by appropriate T cells, are expected to play an important regulatory role. We show here that these speculations fit into a consistent view of the immune system.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Apoptosis by Type 1 IFN Depends on Cross-Talk Between Phosphoinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase C-δ, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways (2003)

Neutrophils are abundant, short-lived leukocytes with a key role in the defense against rapidly dividing bacteria. They enter apoptosis spontaneously within 24-48 h of leaving the bone marrow. However, their life span can be extended during inflammatory responses by several proinflammatory cytokines. Inappropriate survival of neutrophils contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage associated with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. We have previously reported that type I IFNs can inhibit both cytokine deprivation and Fas-induced apoptosis in activated T cells. IFN-beta locally produced by hyperplastic fibroblasts within the pannus tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis contributes to the inappropriately extended life span of infiltrating T cells. Type I IFNs are equally effective at delaying spontaneous apoptosis in human neutrophils. In the work presented here we investigated the signaling pathways involved in mediating this effect. The antiapoptotic actions of IFN-beta were targeted at an early stage of neutrophil apoptosis, occurring upstream of mitochondrial permeability transition, and were phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent, as they were blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Analysis of signaling pathways downstream of PI3K revealed that the antiapoptotic effect of type 1 IFN was inhibited by rottlerin, SN50, and cycloheximide, indicating requirements for activation of protein kinase C-delta, NF-kappaB, and de novo protein synthesis, respectively. Moreover, EMSA was used to show that the activation of NF-kappaB occurred downstream of PI3K and protein kinase C-delta activation. We conclude that type I IFNs inhibit neutrophil apoptosis in a PI3K-dependent manner, which requires activation of protein kinase C-delta and induction of NF-kappaB-regulated genes.
Transmission of polar substituent effects in the adamantane ring system as monitored by19F NMR (1998)

An extensive series of (E)/(Z)-5-substituted(X)adamant-2-yl fluorides (2 and 3, respectively) and (E)/(Z)-4-substituted(X)adamant-1-yl fluorides (4 and 5, respectively) were synthesized and characterized and their 19F chemical shifts measured in several solvents. Correlation of the 19F substituent chemical shifts (SCS) against polar field parameters (σF) together with comparisons against the 19F SCS of 4-substituted(X)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl fluorides (1) provide unequivocal evidence for the importance of electrostatic field and ‘through-three-bond’ electron delocalization (double hyperconjugation) effects as long-range modes of transmission of polar effects in these saturated systems. The former effect is shown to be a function not only of spatial factors (angles and distance) but also the ‘stiffness’ of the C—F σ bond. The latter electronic mechanism is clearly the dominant factor regulating the 19F SCS of 2 and 4 but is switched ‘off’ in 3 and 5 as a result of specific stereoelectronic requirements. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In palliative care (2008)

I am a healthcare assistant (HCA) working in the in-patient unit of St. Christopher's Hospice, providing specialist palliative care in South London. This unit cares for patients approaching the end of their lives particularly in cases where there are more complex issues. This will also include care and support of their families.
Guidelines for the examination of pharmaceutical patents: developing a public health perspective (2007)

This paper is intended to be a contribution towards the improvement of transparency and efficiency of patentability examination for pharmaceuticals inventions, particularly in developing countries. It proposes a set of general guidelines for the assessment of some of the common modalities of pharmaceutical patent claims, and suggests elements for the development of public health-sensitive guidelines for the evaluation and review of pharmaceutical patents at the national level. It examines the practices of some patent offices and suggests some mechanisms that may be adopted to incorporate public health perspectives in procedures for the granting of pharmaceutical patents.
Answering complex SQL queries using automatic summary tables (2000)

We investigate the problem of using materialized views to answer SQL queries. We focus on modern decision-support queries, which involve joins, arithmetic operations and other (possibly user-defined) functions, aggregation (often along multiple dimensions), and nested subqueries. Given the complexity of such queries, the vast amounts of data upon which they operate, and the requirement for interactive response times, the use of materialized views (MVs) of similar complexity is often mandatory for acceptable performance. We present a novel algorithm that is able to rewrite a user query so that it will access one or more of the available MVs instead of the base tables. The algorithm extends prior work by addressing the new sources of complexity mentioned above, that is, complex expressions, multidimensional aggregation, and nested subqueries. It does so by relying on a graphical representation of queries and a bottom-up, pair-wise matching of nodes from the query and MV graphs. This approach offers great modularity and extensibility, allowing for the rewriting of a large class of queries.
Effect of Touch Screen Target Location on User Accuracy (1990)

Users can be frustrated by touch screen applications that inaccurately record their touches. Enlarging touch sensitive regions can improve touch accuracy, but few specific quantitative guidelines are available. This paper reports on a controlled experiment that investigated the effect of target location and horizontal viewing location on user accuracy. Measurements showed that persons tended to touch below the target, with touch distance increasing as the target location moved down the screen. In addition, they tended to touch toward the sides of the screen. Using collected data for each of nine screen sectors, graphs were prepared that show the relationship between touch target size and expected accuracy. For example, a 36 mm 2 target in the top left sector would be expected to accurately record 99% of its touches. The empirically-derived, quantitative guidelines will help designers create screens that decrease user errors and frustration.
Effect of Somatotropin and/or Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin on Serum and Follicular Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Cattle1 (1994)

We investigated the effect of administration of somatotropin (ST) and/or eCG on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in serum and follicular fluid (FFL) of cattle actively immunized against growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Cyclic beef cattle, previously immunized against GRF-(1-29)-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2 conjugated to human serum albumin (synthesized and provided by Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, NJ; GRFi, n = 31) or to human serum albumin alone (HSAi, n = 26), received (i.m.): 1) 25 mg recombinantly derived methionyl somatotropin (rbST, n = 14; sometribove provided by Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO); 2) 1100 IU eCG (n = 10); 3) rbST and eCG (rbST-eCG, n = 15); or 4) vehicle (VEH, n = 17) at 0 and 24 h after receiving prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Serum samples were collected at 0 and 40 h after PGF2 alpha, and the ovary bearing the largest follicle (DOM) was removed 44.0 +/- 0.5 h after PGF2 alpha; FFL was harvested from DOM and the subordinate follicle (SUB). Before treatment (0 h), GRFi cows had lower serum ST (0.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml; p < 0.01) and IGF-I (26 +/- 4 vs. 72 +/- 4 ng/ml; p < 0.01), but greater IGFBP-2 (594 +/- 48 vs. 384 +/- 52 ng/ml; p < 0.01) than HSAi cows. Serum and FFL concentrations of IGF-I or IGFBP-2 were not different between rbST- and rbST-eCG-treated cows or between VEH- and eCG-treated cows at Hour 40 after the initial treatment injection; therefore, data were combined and designated as rbST and VEH, respectively. Serum IGF-I was increased to a greater extent (percentage increase above 0 h) by rbST treatment in GRFi (362 +/- 24) than in HSAi (176 +/- 16) cows (immunization by treatment, p < 0.01). Across GRFi and HSAi, rbST lowered serum IGFBP-2 (342 +/- 31 vs. 541 +/- 27 ng/ml, rbST vs. VEH; p < 0.01). Diameters of DOM or SUB were not affected by immunization or treatment. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 (determined by ligand blot analysis) in FFL from both DOM and SUB were lower (p < 0.05) in GRFi than in HSAi cows. In contrast, IGFBP-2 in FFL was elevated in SUB, but not DOM, in GRFi compared to HSAi cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Retrovirus receptors (1999)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Effectiveness and safety of ferric carboxymaltose treatment in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal diseases (2014)

Overall FCM was well tolerated in this pediatric population and appeared to be effective in correcting iron deficiency anemia. We cannot exclude that the correction of iron deficiency anaemia is in some part due to the treatment of the underlying disease and not related to the iron supplementation only.
Removal and recovery of arsenious oxide from flue gases (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval and recovery of arsenious oxide from flue gasesHuibert Wouterlood and Keith BowlingCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 1, 93–97Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60149a003https://doi.org/10.1021/es60149a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile, Thermally Stable, Reactive Transition Metal Amidinates (2003)

A series of homoleptic metal amidinates of the general type [M(R-R'AMD)(n)](x) (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu, R' = Me, (t)Bu) has been prepared and structurally characterized for the transition metals Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, and La. In oxidation state 3, monomeric structures were found for the metals Ti(III), V(III), and La(III). Bridging structures were observed for the metals in oxidation state 1. Cu(I) and Ag(I) are held in bridged dimers, and Ag(I) also formed a trimer that cocrystallized with the dimer. Metals in oxidation state 2 occurred in either monomeric or dimeric form. Metals with smaller ionic radii (Co, Ni) were monomeric. Larger metals (Fe, Mn) gave monomeric structures only with the bulkier tert-butyl-substituted amidinates, while the less bulky isopropyl-substituted amidinates formed dimers. The new compounds were found to have properties well-suited for use as precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin films. They have high volatility, high thermal stability, and high and properly self-limited reactivity with molecular hydrogen, depositing pure metals, or water vapor, depositing metal oxides.
Molecular structure of crude beeswax studied by solid-state13C NMR (2004)

13C Solid-state NMR experiments were performed to investigate the structure of beeswax in the native state (crude beeswax) for the first time. From quantitative direct polarization 13C MAS NMR spectrum, it was found that the fraction of internal-chain methylene (int-(CH2)) component compared to other components of crude beeswax was over 95%. The line shape of the int-(CH2) carbon resonance region was comprehensively analyzed in terms of NMR chemical shift. The 13C broad peak component covering from 31 to 35ppm corresponds to int-(CH2) carbons with trans conformation in crystalline domains, whereas the sharp signal at 30.3 ppm corresponds to gauche conformation in the non-crystalline domain. From peak deconvolution of the aliphatic region, it was found that over 85% of the int-(CH2) has a crystal structure and several kinds of molecular packing for int-(CH2), at least three, exist in the crystalline domain.NMR nuclear magnetic resonance int-(CH2) internal-chain methylene CP cross-polarization MAS magic angle spinning
Effect of Roasting on the Formation of Chlorogenic Acid Lactones in Coffee (2005)

Of all plant constituents, coffee has one of the highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids. When roasting coffee, some of these are transformed into chlorogenic acid lactones (CGL). We have studied the formation of CGL during the roasting of coffee beans in Coffea arabica cv. Bourbon; C. arabicacv. Longberry; and C. canephora cv. Robusta. Individual CGL levels were determined by comparison of HPLC peaks with those of synthetic CGL standards. Seven CGL were identified: 3-caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-CQL), 4- caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-CQL), 3-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-pCoQL), 4-coumaroylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-pCoQL), 3-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (3-FQL), 4-feruloylquinic-1,5-lactone (4-FQL), and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone (3,4-diCQL). 3-CQL was the most abundant lactone in C. arabica and C. canephora, reaching peak values of 230 +/- 9 and 254 +/- 4 mg/100 g (dry weight), respectively, at light medium roast ( approximately 14% weight loss). 4-CQL was the second most abundant lactone (116 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 2 mg/100 g, respectively. The maximum amount of CGL represents approximately 30% of the available precursors. The relative levels of 3-CQL and 4-CQL in roasted coffee were reverse to those of their precursors in green coffee. This suggests that roasting causes isomerization of chlorogenic acids prior to the formation of lactones and that the levels of lactones in roasted coffee do not reflect the levels of precursors in green coffee.
New treatment for an old problem (2002)

In Brief Find out how suction can help you heal a patient's troublesome wound. By applying a vacuum, this new therapy speeds recovery for patients with chronic, hard-to-heal wounds. Here, you'll see how to use it.
NCAM and its polysialic acid moiety: a mechanism for pull/push regulation of cell interactions during development? (1992)

Many cell adhesion molecules have a distinct pattern of expression and well-defined role in cell-cell recognition. In contrast, NCAM is broadly expressed and perturbations of its function affect many diverse aspects of embryonic development. Evidence has been obtained suggesting that the molecule and its polysialic acid moiety serve not only to contribute to specific interactions, but also to regulate overall cell-cell apposition. In this latter mode, the molecule can have both a positive and a negative effect on a wide variety of contact-dependent cellular events.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects the Brain Against Injury After Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (2011)

These data demonstrate that RIPC protects the brain against HCA-induced injury, resulting in accelerated recovery of neurological function. RIPC might be neuroprotective in patients undergoing surgery with HCA and improve long-term outcomes. Clinical trials to test this hypothesis are warranted.