gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Amidation of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides (2016)

A user-friendly, nickel-catalyzed reductive amidation of unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides with isocyanates is described. This catalytic strategy offers an efficient synthesis of a wide range of aliphatic amides under mild conditions and with an excellent chemoselectivity profile while avoiding the use of stoichiometric and sensitive organometallic reagents.
A novel role of CD4 Th17 cells in mediating cardiac allograft rejection and vasculopathy (2008)

T-bet plays a crucial role in Th1 development. We investigated the role of T-bet in the development of allograft rejection in an established MHC class II-mismatched (bm12 into B6) model of chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Intriguingly, and in contrast to IFN-gamma(-/-) mice that are protected from CAV, T-bet(-/-) recipients develop markedly accelerated allograft rejection accompanied by early severe vascular inflammation and vasculopathy, and infiltration by predominantly IL-17-producing CD4 T cells. Concurrently, T-bet(-/-) mice exhibit a T helper type 1 (Th1)-deficient environment characterized by profound IFN-gamma deficiency, a Th2 switch characterized by increased production of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 cytokines, as well as increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-17. Neutralization of IL-17 inhibits accelerated allograft rejection and vasculopathy in T-bet(-/-) mice. Interestingly, CD4 but not CD8 T cell deficiency in T-bet(-/-) mice affords dramatic protection from vasculopathy and facilitates long-term graft acceptance. This is the first study establishing that in the absence of Th1-mediated alloimmune responses, CD4 Th17 cells mediate an aggressive proinflammatory response culminating in severe accelerated allograft rejection and vasculopathy. These results have important implications for the development of novel therapies to target this intractable problem in clinical solid organ transplantation.
Identification of a Novel Human Cancer/Testis Antigen, KM-HN-1, Recognized by Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses (2004)

We identified a novel cancer/testis antigen, KM-HN-1, which elicited humoral immune responses in patients with various types of cancer. Furthermore, KM-HN-1-specific CTLs could be generated from both healthy donors and cancer patients, which indicated that KM-HN-1 can be a candidate for an ideal target for cancer immunotherapy.
User devices cooperating to support resource aggregation (2003)

MOPED (MObile grouPEd Device) is a network model that treats a user's set of personal devices as a single, virtual device. The nodes of the MOPED dynamically aggregate available communication resources to provide the user with the best possible network service. We demonstrate MOPED's resource management capability with a short series of experiments that show how the MOPED paradigm enables effective group mobility.
Linking Genotype and Phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Reveals Metabolic Engineering Targets and Leads to Triterpene Hyper-Producers (2011)

The six out of seven gene over-expression constructs had a considerable impact on both ergosterol and β-amyrin production. In the case of β-amyrin formation the triple over-expression construct exhibited a nearly 500% increase over the control strain making our metabolic engineering strategy the most successful design of triterpene microbial producers.
v-Src activates mitogen-responsive transcription factor Egr-1 via serum response elements (1991)

Activating the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Src in murine fibroblasts leads to increased expression of Egr-1, a mitogen-responsive transcription factor. v-Src-induced expression of Egr-1 is independent of protein synthesis and is controlled at the level of transcription. Target sequences responsive to v-Src-induced signals were investigated using deletion mutant and analysis of the Egr-1 promoter. Upstream Egr-1 promoter sequences linked to a reporter gene were cotransfected with a v-Src expression vector into NIH 3T3 cells. v-Src-enhanced gene expression from the Egr-1 promoter was dependent upon the presence of CC(A/T)6GG elements. The CC(A/T)6GG motif forms the core element of serum response elements (SREs) and is the binding site for serum response factor. The Egr-1 promoter sequences responsive to v-Src contained four SREs. Sequential deletion of these SREs reduced v-Src responsiveness to basal transcription levels. A single SRE from this region was able to confer v-Src responsiveness to a heterologous promoter, and a mutation to the CC(A/T)6GG box of this SRE abolished v-Src-enhanced gene expression. Thus, an early response of v-Src-induced intracellular signaling is the transcriptional activation of a growth factor-responsive transcription factor via an SRE.
Preparation and characterization of macroporous chitosan–gelatin/β‐tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2003)

A biodegradable composite scaffold was developed using beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) with chitosan (CS) and gelatin (Gel) in the form of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) via co-crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Various types of scaffolds were prepared by freezing and lyophilizing. These scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The macroporous composite scaffolds exhibited different pore structures. Compressive properties were improved, especially compressive modulus from 3.9-10.9 MPa. Biocompatibility was evaluated subcutaneously on rabbits. A mild inflammatory response was observed over 12 weeks. The results suggest that the scaffolds can be utilized in nonloading bone regeneration.
Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines: Formation From Nicotine In Vitro and During Tobacco Curing and Carcinogenicity in Strain A Mice 2 3 (1978)

The formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines from the major tobacco alkaloid nicotine was examined. Detached leaf tobacco was fed either [2'-14C]nicotine or [2'-14C]nornicotine and air cured. The cured leaf was then analyzed for [2'-14C]N'-nitrosonornicotine ([2'-14C]NNN). The yield of [2'-14C]NNN was 0.007% from nornicotine and 0.009% from nicotine. Because the ratio of nicotine to nornicotine in conventional nicotine-type tobacco is 20-100:1, nicotine is considered to be the major precursor for the carcinogen NNN in tobacco. The formation of other nitrosamines from nicotine in vitro was then studied. Reaction of nicotine with NaNO2 gave rise to NNN, as well as to two other nitrosamines, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA). Analysis of market products revealed the presence of NNK (0.6-24 microgram/g) in chewing tobacco and snuff. The tumorigenic activity of NNN, NNK, and NNA in strain A mice was studied. NNK induced more lung adenomas per mouse than did NNN, whereas NNA was less active than NNN. In addition, two cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands occurred in the NNN experimental groups.
Utility of a heterogeneous palladium catalyst for the synthesis of a molecular semiconductor via Stille, Suzuki, and direct heteroarylation cross-coupling reactions (2015)

Demonstration of the utility of a commercially available heterogeneous palladium catalyst in the synthesis of a relevant high performance molecular semiconductor.
A Study of the Scope and Regioselectivity of the Ruthenium-Catalyzed [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Azides with Internal Alkynes (2006)

[3 + 2]-Cycloadditions of alkyl azides with various unsymmetrical internal alkynes in the presence of CpRuCl(PPh3)2 as catalyst in refluxing benzene have been examined, leading to 1,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles. Whereas alkyl phenyl and dialkyl acetylenes undergo cycloadditions to afford mixtures of regioisomeric 1,2,3-triazoles, acyl-substituted internal alkynes react with complete regioselectivity. In addition, propargyl alcohols and propargyl amines were found to react with azides to afford single regioisomeric products.
Formation of mRNA 3′ Ends in Eukaryotes: Mechanism, Regulation, and Interrelationships with Other Steps in mRNA Synthesis (1999)

Formation of mRNA 3' ends in eukaryotes requires the interaction of transacting factors with cis-acting signal elements on the RNA precursor by two distinct mechanisms, one for the cleavage of most replication-dependent histone transcripts and the other for cleavage and polyadenylation of the majority of eukaryotic mRNAs. Most of the basic factors have now been identified, as well as some of the key protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions. This processing can be regulated by changing the levels or activity of basic factors or by using activators and repressors, many of which are components of the splicing machinery. These regulatory mechanisms act during differentiation, progression through the cell cycle, or viral infections. Recent findings suggest that the association of cleavage/polyadenylation factors with the transcriptional complex via the carboxyl-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) large subunit is the means by which the cell restricts polyadenylation to Pol II transcripts. The processing of 3' ends is also important for transcription termination downstream of cleavage sites and for assembly of an export-competent mRNA. The progress of the last few years points to a remarkable coordination and cooperativity in the steps leading to the appearance of translatable mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Mapping of ventricular tachycardia induced by thoracic neural stimulation in dogs (1986)

To investigate ventricular tachycardias produced in healthy canine myocardium by stimulation of sympathetic ganglia or cardiac nerves, we simultaneously recorded a surface ECG and 63 ventricular electrograms in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Isochronal and isopotential maps were generated off-line by computer. Ventricular tachycardia with uniform beat-to-beat morphology was induced in 13 or 22 dogs by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion (five experiments), the left middle cervical ganglion (four experiments), the left caudal pole cardiopulmonary nerve (two experiments), or the ventrolateral cardiac nerve (eight experiments). It was not inducible by stimulation of the right-sided major cardiopulmonary nerves or ganglia. In most instances the earliest measured electrical excitation occurred on the posterior aspect of the ventricles. Isochronal maps demonstrated a radial spread of the impulse away from the area of earliest excitation. Changes in the region of earliest excitation and (or) activation pattern were accompanied by changes in QRS morphology. The potential gradients measured between areas displaying positive and negative T waves on the anterior and left lateral aspects of the ventricles were significantly increased by ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation. However, the ventricular regions where these potential gradients existed differed from the regions of earliest excitation during ventricular tachycardia. These results demonstrate that the thoracic autonomic nervous system can induce repetitive ventricular excitation originating from consistent loci.
A SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLICATION TECHNIQUE (1951)

A technique is described whereby binary numbers of either sign may be multiplied together by a uniform process which is independent of any foreknowledge of the signs of these numbers.
The Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl Silanes and Disilanes and their Fragmentation under Thermal CVD Conditions (2000)

The new chloro(cyclopentadienyl)silanes CpxSiHyC13–y (Cpx = C5Me4Et, y=1 (1); Cpx = C5Me4H, y = 1 (2); y = 0 (3); Cpx = C5Me3H2, y = 1 (4)) and pentachloro(cyclopentadieny1)disilanes Cpx Si2C15 (Cpx = C5Me5 (5), C5Me4Et (6), C5Me4H (7), C5Me3H2 (8)) are synthesized via metathesis reactions in good yields. Treatment of 1–8 with LiAlH4 leads to the hydridosilyl (CpxSiH3; Cpx = C5Me4Et (9), C5Me4H (10), C5Me3H2 (11)) and hydridodisilanyl compounds (CpxSi2H5; Cpx = C5Me5 (12), C5Me4Et (13), C5Me4H (14), C5Me3H2 (15)). Pyrolysis studies on the volatile cyclopentadienylsilanes 9–11 and -disilanes 12–15 show their suitability as precursors in the CVD process. The fragmentation pathway of (C5Me5) Si2H5 (12) in the thermal CVD process is proved by in-situ mass spectrometry.
On the Crossed Field Antenna Performance (2006)

Lately, short antennas and Crossed Field Antennas (CFA) have attracted broadcast and amateur community attention. The CFA antenna has been developed in the last decade of the 20th century, trying to obtain a compact transmitting antenna for low and medium frequency AM bands. The CFA is intended to be used in order to get a low profile antenna and a supposed performance similar or better compared to a quarter-wave monopole. The CFA has a short monopole and a metallic disk close to the monopole base, both mechanical structures being fed by means of two separated generators. Thus, the CFA has two ports and can be analyzed from the Network Theory point of view. In this paper, the CFA has been studied exhaustively using the Transmission Line Method (TLM) in order to obtain an equivalent network and the antenna performance. Due to the lack of theoretical data to explain the CFA antenna behavior, the TLM has been validated by means of Moment Method simulations and some available experimental data
Occupational Exposure and Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in a Composting Facility (1995)

The objective of this study was to investigate indoor air quality in a completely covered enclosure used for the aerobic composting of organic wastes originating from vegetable, fruit, and garden refuse. Samples of gases and vapors were taken in the ventilation exhaust ducts. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected on Tenax absorbent; after thermal desorption they were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Hydrogen sulfide was determined using Dräger test tubes. Microbial samplings were conducted on four sites inside the hall. Microbes were collected using a modified Anderson high-volume sampler, consisting of two impactor stages. Results indicate that the concentrations of VOCs were rather low; only the limonene level was elevated, but it was still well below the current Dutch provisional threshold limit value. Hydrogen sulfide levels found were also far less than the Dutch threshold limit value. Both total bacteria and gram-negative bacterial counts exceeded the provisional Dutch guideline of 10,000 cfu/m3 for indoor air in the work environment. Furthermore, the number of fungi, for the larger part consisting of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, which are known to cause respiratory tract disorders, approached the hazardous exposure level.
Treatment of Human Breast Cancer in a Brain Metastatic Model by G207, a Replication-Competent Multimutated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (1998)

We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of G207, a replication-competent multimutated herpes simplex virus type 1, for the treatment of human malignant mammary tumors metastatic to the brain. In vitro studies demonstrated that G207 efficiently destroyed three of four human malignant breast cancer cell lines. MDA-MB-435 was most susceptible and MDA-MB-231 was least susceptible to G207. In athymic mice harboring subcutaneous or intracerebral MDA-MB-435 cells, intraneoplastic inoculation of G207 caused growth inhibition and/or prolonged survival. In contrast, G207 had minimal effects on MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumor growth or survival in the intracerebral tumor model. The efficacy of G207 therapy in vivo correlated well with the susceptibility of the human cancer cells to G207 in vitro. Histological studies indicate that G207 replication is restricted to tumor cells in vivo and does not occur in the surrounding brain tissue. These results suggest that G207 shows particular promise for use as a novel antineoplastic agent for metastatic brain tumors and that in vitro testing may predict which tumors will be most responsive in vivo.
Developing stable fine–grain microstructures by large strain deformation (1999)

Methods of deforming metals to large strains are reviewed and the process of equal channel angular extrusion is analysed in detail. The development of microstructure during large strain deformation is discussed, and it is concluded that the main criterion for the formation of a sub-micron grain structure is the generation of a sufficiently large fraction (greater than 0.7) of high-angle grain boundary during the deformation process. For aluminium alloys, it is found that a low-temperature anneal is required to convert the deformed microstructure into an equiaxed grain structure. The material, microstructural and processing factors that influence the formation of such fine-grain microstructures are discussed, and the stability of these microstructures at elevated temperatures is considered.
Synthetic Oligonucleotides with Certain Palindromes Stimulate Interferon Production of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in vitro (1994)

We studied the ability of synthetic single‐stranded 30‐mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides oligoDNAs) with three different kinds of hexamer palindromic sequence to induce interferon (IFN) production of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). When PBL was cultured with oligoDNA having a palindrome of AACGTT or GACGTC, IFN activity was detected by bioassay in the culture fluid after 8 h, and the amount of IFN reached the maximum after 18 h. IFN‐α was predominantly produced, and small amounts of IFN‐β and IFN‐γ were also found. OligoDNA with the palindrome ACCGGT had no effect.
N-(4-Substituted-thiazolyl)oxamic acid derivatives, new series of potent, orally active antiallergy agents (1983)

A series of N-(4-substituted-thiazolyl)oxamic acid derivatives were synthesized and tested for antiallergy activity in the rat PCA model. These compounds were conveniently prepared by treatment of the appropriate acetophenone with thiourea and iodine or by reaction of the chloroacetylbenzene with thiourea to give the corresponding aminothiazoles; subsequent condensation with ethyloxalyl chloride gave the thiazolyloxamates. Many of the analogues showed a 50% inhibition at less than 2 mg/kg po or less than 0.4 mg/kg iv and were significantly more potent than disodium cromoglycate, which in the rat PCA model is orally inactive and gives a 50% inhibition at 1.2 mg/kg iv. Hydrolysis of the oxamates generally resulted in enhanced activities, while substitution of the phenyl ring with a variety of substituents (e.g., 4-F, 4-OEt, and 4-NHCOCH3) did not significantly enhance the activity of the unsubstituted phenyl derivative. One of the ethanolamine salts, N-[4-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)-2-thiazolyl]oxamic acid ethanolamine salt (61, PRH-836-EA), has been selected for further pharmacological evaluation.
Adaptive co-channel interference (CCI) cancellation for OFDM communication systems (2002)

This paper proposes a new adaptive co-channel interference (CCI) canceller for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. It employs a parametric CCI cancellation scheme, least-mean-squares (LMS) maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE), which simultaneously estimates time-varying channels and transmitted symbols both for desired and CCI signals. Computer simulations were performed on interference canceling characteristics of the proposed CCI canceller both under static and Rayleigh fading conditions, wherein a single CCI is considered. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed canceller attains a BER of 1.5/spl times/10/sup -2/ at a signal-to-interference ratio of -10 dB in Rayleigh fading condition with the maximum Doppler frequency of 52 Hz and average E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of 30 dB.
Fabrication and selective surface modification of 3-dimensionally textured biomedical polymers from etched silicon substrates (1996)

A new method is described for producing biomedically relevant polymers with precisely defined micron scale surface texture in the x, y, and z planes. Patterned Si templates were fabricated using photolithography to create a relief pattern in photoresist with lateral dimensions as small as 1 micron. Electroless Ni was selectively deposited in the trenches of the patterned substrate. The Ni served as a resilient mask for transferring the patterns onto the Si substrate to depths of up to 8.5 microns by anisotropic reactive ion etching with a fluorine-based plasma. The 3-dimensional (3-D) textured silicon substrates were used as robust, reusable molds for pattern transfer onto poly (dimethyl siloxane), low density poly (ethylene), poly (L-lactide), and poly (glycolide) by either casting or injection molding. The fidelity of the pattern transfer from the silicon substrates to the polymers was 90 to 95% in all three planes for all polymers for more than 60 transfers from a single wafer, as determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Further, the 3-D textured polymers were selectively modified to coat proteins either in the trenches or on the mesas by capillary modification or selective coating techniques. These selectively patterned 3-D polymer substrates may be useful for a variety of biomaterial applications.
Identification of RIP140 as a nuclear receptor cofactor with a role in female reproduction (2003)

Nuclear receptors function as ligand-dependent transcription factors by recruiting cofactors that remodel chromatin and recruit the transcription machinery. RIP140 (receptor interacting protein with a molecular weight of 140 kDa) is a widely expressed corepressor that has the potential to inhibit the transcriptional activity of most, if not all nuclear receptors. Mice devoid of RIP140 indicate that it plays a crucial role in female fertility and in adipose biology. It is essential in the ovary for ovulation, specifically oocyte release but not luteinisation of mature follicles. Our goal is to identify the key nuclear receptor(s) and their target genes responsible for ovulation.
Hypoxia inhibits macrophage migration (1999)

The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 plays a role in regulating the lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrate in ovarian cancer, but macrophages also accumulate in necrotic areas of the tumors where there is little MCP-1 expression (Negus, R. P. M. et al., Am. J. Pathol. 1997. 150: 1723-1734). Necrotic regions are likely to be hypoxic. In this study we show that hypoxia inhibits MCP-1-induced migration of THP-1 monocytic cells and human macrophages. In contrast, lymphocytes from peripheral blood migrate normally to an MCP-1 gradient in hypoxic conditions. The inhibition of monocyte migration by hypoxia is rapid and reversible. At the exposure times studied (30-90 min) hypoxia does not affect expression of the MCP-1 receptor CCR2B and cells exposed to hypoxia still respond to MCP-1 with an elevation of intracellular calcium. Although hypoxia is known to modulate gene expression, the inhibition of migration reported here was not due to the production of soluble factors, and mRNA expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor was unchanged. Hypoxia-induced inhibition of chemotaxis was not limited to MCP-1. Hypoxia also inhibited the chemotactic response to macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, RANTES and the chemoattractant N-formyl-met-leu-phe, but hypoxic cells were still able to phagocytose opsonized red blood cells. We suggest that inhibition of migration by hypoxia is not due to gene regulation but is a reflection of metabolic changes in the cell. Transient hypoxia may regulate the distribution of macrophages in tumors and other inflammatory conditions.