gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsymmetrical DNA Cross-Linking Agents:  Combination of the CBI and PBD Pharmacophores (2003)

A set of 10 compounds, each combining the seco-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]indol-4-one (seco-CBI) and pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) pharmacophores, was designed and prepared. These compounds were anticipated to cross-link between N3 of adenine and N2 of guanine in the minor groove of DNA. The compounds, which differ in the chain length separating the two alkylation subunits, and the configuration of the CBI portion, showed great variation in cellular toxicity (over 4 orders of magnitude in a cell line panel) with the most potent example exhibiting IC50s in the pM range. Cytotoxicity correlated with the ability of the compounds to cross-link naked DNA. Cross-linking was also observed in living cells, at much lower concentrations than for a related symmetrical PBD dimer. A thermal cleavage assay was used to assess sequence selectivity, demonstrating that the CBI portion controlled the alkylation sites, while the PBD substituent increased the overall efficiency of alkylation. Several compounds were tested for in vivo activity using a tumor growth delay assay against WiDr human colon carcinoma xenografts, with one compound (the most cytotoxic and most efficient cross-linker) showing a statistically significant increase in survival time following a single iv dose.
Prodigals and Prodigies: Trollope’s Notes as a Son and Father (1989)

Victorian literature contains many memorable father-son relationships. One thinks, for example, of Meredith's Harry Richmond and his charismatic father, Richmond Roy, or of Tom Tulliver and his obstinate, proud parent, the miller Tulliver. One recalls the affectionate interchanges between Roger Hamley and Squire Hamley (in Gaskell's Wives and Daughters), between Sam and Tony Weller or Wemmick and his Aged P, and between the heroes of the early Dickens novels and their various surrogate fathers: Pickwick, Brownlow, the Cheeryble brothers. However, one also remembers the various paternal incubi and sham patriarchs in the Dickens novels, not to mention the various revered father-figures who loom largely, and often devastatingly, in the work and lives of Carlyle, Arnold, Ruskin and Mill. The implied rebelliousness of the sons of Browning's Bishop ordering his tomb is carried to a vindictive extreme in Butler's The Way of All Flesh. 'A man first quarrels with his father about three-quarters of a year before he is born', declares Butler. 'It is then he insists on setting up a separate establishment; when this has been once agreed to, the more complete the separation forever after the better for both.'1 Although Butler presumes to be speaking for the mid-Victorian generation in which he grew up, his defiant attitude links him rather with the first modernists, such as Edmund Gosse, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf, for whom repudiation of the father-figure was seen as a necessity if they were to achieve artistic freedom.KeywordsGambling DebtLiterary Market PlaceLoving FatherTragic FigureArtistic FreedomThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Role for ceramide as an endogenous mediator of Fas-induced cytotoxicity. (1995)

Triggering of the Fas/APO-1 cell-surface receptor induces apoptosis through an uncharacterized chain of events. Exposure of Fas-sensitive cells to an agonist monoclonal antibody induced cell death and a 200-300% elevation in endogenous levels of the sphingolipid ceramide, a proposed intracellular mediator of apoptosis. In contrast, similar treatment of Fas-resistant cells caused insignificant changes in ceramide levels. Because resistant cell lines expressed the Fas antigen, these results indicate that these cells have a defect in the proximal signaling events leading to ceramide generation. Exposure of the resistant cell lines to a synthetic analog of ceramide induced apoptosis, thus bypassing Fas resistance and indicating that the signaling pathways downstream of ceramide were intact. Furthermore, activation of protein kinase C with the diacylglycerol analog phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate significantly reduced Fas-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting opposing roles for ceramide and protein kinase C in regulation of apoptosis. These results provide evidence for ceramide as a necessary and sufficient lipid mediator of Fas-mediated apoptosis and suggest this process may be modulated via activation of additional signal-transduction pathways.
Biosensor chip mass spectrometry: A chip-based proteomics approach (2000)

Rapid advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and analytical instrumentation have created the field of proteomics, which at present is based largely on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) separation of complex protein mixtures and identification of individual proteins using mass spectrometry. These analyses provide a wealth of data, which upon further evaluation leads to many questions regarding the structure and function of the proteins. The challenge of answering these questions create a need for high-specificity approaches that may be used in the analysis of biomolecular recognition events and interacting partners, and thereby places great demands on general protein characterization instrumentation and the types of analyses they need to perform. Over the past five years we have been actively involved in interfacing two general, instrumental techniques, surface plasmon resonance-biomolecular interaction analysis (SPR-BIA) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, into a single concerted approach for use in the functional and structural characterization of proteins. Reviewed here is the recent progress made using biomolecular interaction analysis - mass spectrometry (BIA-MS) in the detailed characterization of proteins and protein-protein interactions and the development of biosensor chip mass spectrometry (BCMS) as a new chip-based proteomics approach.
Overview of Multiview Video Coding and Anti-Aliasing for 3D Displays (2007)

This paper addresses signal processing issues related to coded representation, reconstruction and rendering of multiview video for 3D displays. We provide an overview of standardization efforts for multiview video that are aimed at reducing data rates required to represent the multiview video in compressed form. We then present an anti-aliasing filtering technique that effectively eliminates ghosting artifacts when rendering multiview video on 3D displays. Since high-frequency components of the signal are removed, substantial reductions in the compressed data rate could also be realized. Finally, we discuss the importance of scalability in the context of multiview video coding and suggest a combined anti-aliasing and scalable decoding scheme to minimize decoding resources for a given 3D display.
High-Dose Recombinant Interleukin 2 Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: Analysis of 270 Patients Treated Between 1985 and 1993 (1999)

High-dose IL-2 treatment seems to benefit some patients with metastatic melanoma by producing durable CRs or PRs and should be considered for appropriately selected melanoma patients.
New tools allow medium-radius horizontal drilling (1986)

ARCO Oil and Gas Co. (AOGC) recently completed a project to develop new methods of drilling conventional-sized horizontal holes. A well bore of this type is particularly well-suited for producing low-permeability, fractured reservoirs at economic rates. Special drilling tools and support equipment were developed jointly with several major manufacturers. Of these tools, one of the systems developed with Norton Christensen most nearly met the design goals. This system was tested in Rockwall County, Tex., where a 6-in. OD horizontal hole was successfully drilled in the Austin chalk formation. The build rate from vertical to horizontal was 20/sup 0//100 ft; the horizontal portion of the well bore was drilled for another 1,340 ft. This gave a total horizontal displacement of 1,630 ft. The horizontal well bore was kept within a 30-ft vertical section.
Hepatitis B Virus Activates Deoxynucleotide Synthesis in Nondividing Hepatocytes by Targeting the R2 Gene (2009)

Our findings demonstrate that the hepatitis B X protein is critical in infecting nonproliferating hepatocytes, which contain a low dNTP level. In addition, we provide molecular evidence for a new mechanism of HBV-host cell interaction where RNR-R2, a critical cell-cycle gene, is selectively activated in nonproliferating cells. This mechanism may set the stage for formulating a new category of anti-HBV drugs.
Increased staining for phospho-Akt, p65/RELA and cIAP-2 in pre-neoplastic human bronchial biopsies (2005)

Our results indicate that anti-apoptotic pathways are elevated in bronchial IEN lesions prior to the onset of invasive carcinoma and that targeting these pathways therapeutically may offer promise in prevention of non-small cell lung carcinoma.
VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data (2011)

VESTA is a three-dimensional visualization system for crystallographic studies and electronic state calculations. It has been upgraded to the latest version, VESTA 3 , implementing new features including drawing the external morphology of crystals; superimposing multiple structural models, volumetric data and crystal faces; calculation of electron and nuclear densities from structure parameters; calculation of Patterson functions from structure parameters or volumetric data; integration of electron and nuclear densities by Voronoi tessellation; visualization of isosurfaces with multiple levels; determination of the best plane for selected atoms; an extended bond-search algorithm to enable more sophisticated searches in complex molecules and cage-like structures; undo and redo in graphical user interface operations; and significant performance improvements in rendering isosurfaces and calculating slices.
Defining the Protein-Protein Interaction Network of the Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Family (2016)

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which plays a vital role in a variety of human cellular processes, is coordinated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Genomic studies provide compelling evidence that PTPs are frequently mutated in various human cancers, suggesting that they have important roles in tumor suppression. However, the cellular functions and regulatory machineries of most PTPs are still largely unknown. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the protein-protein interaction network of the human PTP family, we performed a global proteomic study. Using a Minkowski distance-based unified scoring environment (MUSE) for the data analysis, we identified 940 high confidence candidate-interacting proteins that comprise the interaction landscape of the human PTP family. Through a gene ontology analysis and functional validations, we connected the PTP family with several key signaling pathways or cellular functions whose associations were previously unclear, such as the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, the Hippo-YAP pathway, and cytokinesis. Our study provides the first glimpse of a protein interaction network for the human PTP family, linking it to a number of crucial signaling events, and generating a useful resource for future studies of PTPs.
Synthesis of fluorine-18-labeled biotin derivatives: biodistribution and infection localization. (1994)

Biotin derivatives could be radiofluorinated with high specific activity. Biotin 1, is a potential positron tomography tracer for infection imaging.
Tumor necrosis factor stimulates multiple serine/threonine protein kinases in Swiss 3T3 and L929 cells. Implication of casein kinase-2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the tumor necrosis factor signal transduction pathway. (1992)

Incubation of Swiss 3T3 or L929 cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leads to the rapid stimulation of several cytosolic Ser/Thr kinases active toward myelin basic protein, the S6 peptide (RRLSSLR), the G peptide (SPQPSRRGSESSEE), and Kemptide (LRRASLG). This confirms the hypothesis that kinases other than protein kinases A and C may be involved in the TNF signal transduction. Chromatography on Mono Q resolved multiple kinase peaks with each substrate tested and moreover revealed a TNF-mediated casein kinase-2 activation in both cell lines, measurable with the specific RRREEESEEE peptide or with the G peptide. The TNF-stimulated myelin basic protein kinases-1 and -2 were identified as extracellular signal-regulated kinases-2 and -1, respectively, based on their elution pattern on Mono Q chromatography, their inactivation by protein phosphatase action, their reaction with phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine antibodies, and by their migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as 42- and 44-kDa proteins recognized by anti-extracellular signal-regulated kinase antibodies.
Identification and characterization of prostein, a novel prostate-specific protein. (2001)

In this report, we describe the application of a systematic, genome-based approach to identify prostein, a novel prostate-specific protein expressed in normal and malignant prostate tissues. Characterization of the prostein gene shows that prostein cDNA encodes a 553-amino acid protein. The protein is predicted to be a type IIIa plasma membrane protein with a cleavable signal peptide and 11 transmembrane-spanning regions. The prostein gene is located on chromosome 1 at the WI-9641 locus between q32 and q42. Prostein mRNA is shown to be uniquely expressed in normal and cancerous prostate tissues using Northern blot, eDNA microarray, and real-time PCR analyses. Furthermore, prostein mRNA expression does not appear to be prostate tumor grade related and is restricted exclusively to prostate cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody generated against prostein demonstrates that this protein is specifically detected in prostate tissues both at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. Prostein expression is androgen responsive because treatment of LNCaP cells with androgen up-regulates prostein message and protein expression levels. These results validate prostein as a prostate-specific marker with potential utility in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
기초연구: 자폐장애 학생의 자기결정기술 교수에 대한 한국과 중국 특수교사의 인식비교 (2011)

본 연구의 목적은 자폐장애 학생의 자기결정기술 교수에 대한 한국과 중국 특수교사의 인식을 비교하는 것이었다. 한국 특수교사 191명과 중국 특수교사 205명을 편의군집 표집하고 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 두 독립표본 t검증, 카이제곱 검증, 백분율, 빈도를 사용하여 자료처리를 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 한국 특수교사가 중국 특수교사에 비해 자기결정기술의 중요성에 대한 인식이 높았다. 둘째, 자기결정기술 교수의 시작 시기에 대한 한국 특수교사와 중국 특수교사의 인식에 차이가 없었으며, 대부분의 교사들이 초등학교 때부터 자폐장애 학생에게 자기결정기술을 교수하여야 한다고 인식하였다. 셋째, 중국 특수교사가 한국 특수교사에 비해 자기결정기술을 더 자주 교수한다고 보고하였다. 정기적으로 자기결정기술을 집중적으로 가르치는 교사는 거의 없었으며, 자기결정기술 교수실행 상황에 대한 한국 특수교사와 중국 특수교사의 인식에 차이가 없었다. 한국 특수교사는 교수자료로 인터넷을 가장 많이 사용하였고, 중국 특수교사는 교과서를 가장 많이 사용하였다. 넷째, 자폐장애 학생에게 자기결정기술을 교수하는데 있어서 한국 특수교사는 자폐장애의 특성을 가장 심각한 방해요인으로 인식하고 있는 반면에 중국 특수교사는 장애학생 가족과의 협력부족을 가장 심각한 방해요인으로 인식하고 있었다. 다섯째, 자폐장애 학생에게 자기결정기술을 교수하는데 있어서 한국 특수교사와 중국 특수교사 모두 장애학생의 가족과의 협력을 가장 필요한 지원으로 인식하고 있었다.
Grapevine (1982)

Grapevine is a multicomputer system on the Xerox research internet. It provides facilities for the delivery of digital messages such as computer mail; for naming people, machines, and services; for authenticating people and machines; and for locating services on the internet. This paper has two goals: to describe the system itself and to serve as a case study of a real application of distributed computing. Part I describes the set of services provided by Grapevine and how its data and function are divided among computers on the internet. Part II presents in more detail selected aspects of Grapevine that illustrate novel facilities or implementation techniques, or that provide insight into the structure of a distributed system. Part III summarizes the current state of the system and the lesson learned from it so far.
A Virtual Campus Tour Service Using Mobile Robots (2014)

When we discuss operability and convenience of remote control robot systems, it was usual to focus on user interfaces to operate robots. In this paper, we propose to improve methods of service providing based on the different operation types, e.g. Operation which requires real time response, operation which allows delay between user operation and robot movement via networks.
INSECT RESISTANCE, ANIMAL TOXICITY AND ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED GRASS (1986)

Endophyte infection is widespread in grasses and in many instances is associated with insecf resistance. This resistance appears to be due to chemical components produced in the infected grasses. Ryegrass, infected with Acremonium folioe endophyte contains peramine, a feeding deterrent to stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis. Other examples of endophyte-associated insect resistance are discussed and the mechanisms of this insect resistance are briefly compared with those mechanisms implicated in producing animal toxicity problems. Keywords: endophyte, insect resistance, ryegrass, tall fescue, insect feeding deterrents, animal toxins, alkaloids.
Cytokine induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 gene expression in human endothelial cells depends on the cooperative action of NF‐χB and AP‐1 (1997)

Chemokines are potent mediators of cell migration and activation and therefore play an essential role in early events of inflammation. In conjunction with cell adhesion molecules, chemokines help to localize cells to a specific site and enhance the inflammatory reaction at the site. Clinically, elevated levels of chemokines have been found in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The prototype C-C chemokine is monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which is synthesized by variety of cell types including endothelial cells in response to a variety of stimuli. MCP-1 is a major chemoattractant for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and basophils. In the present study, we investigated the factors involved in cytokine-induced MCP-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells. We present evidence that the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B-like binding site and the AP-1 binding site located 90 and 68 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site, respectively, are required for maximal induction of the human MCP-1 promoter by interleukin-(IL)-1 beta. Site-directed mutagenesis or deletion of the NF-kappa B-like site decreased the cytokine-induced activity of the promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of the AP-1 binding site also decreased the cytokine-induced activity of the promoter. We show that the NF-kappa B-like site located at-90 in the MCP-1 promoter binds to the p50/p65 heterodimer of the NF-kappa B/Rel family in IL-1 beta-stimulated human endothelial cells. Overexpression of p65 results in the transactivation of the MCP-1 promoter as well. The data presented in this study suggest that cytokine-induced MCP-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells depends on the cooperative action of NF-kappa B and AP-1.
The natriuretic peptide system: kidney and cardiovascular effects (2005)

The clinical application of NPs is expanding rapidly. Recent basic science and clinical research findings continue to improve our understanding of the NP system and guide use of ANP and BNP as biomarkers and as therapeutic agents.
Development and potential of non-peptide antagonists for calcitonin-generelated peptide (CGRP) receptors: evidence for CGRP receptor heterogeneity (2002)

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino-acid vasodilatory peptide, of which two isoforms, αCGRP and βCGRP, have been described. The use of C-terminal fragments of CGRP peptide, such as human αCGRP-(8–37), has led to the pharmacological subdivision of CGRP receptors into CGRP-1 [high potency for binding of human αCGRP-(8–37)] and CGRP-2 (lower potency) receptors. We have recently developed BIBN4096BS, the first non-peptide CGRP antagonist, which has sub-nanomolar affinity for primate CGRP receptors. The use of BIBN4096BS has led to the discovery of further functional CGRP receptor heterogeneity in rat tissues. To further exploit BIBN4096BS as a pharmacological tool, we used BIBN4096BS in pig left anterior descending coronary vessels and cerebral basilar arteries, and compared functional with molecular data, characterizing CGRP receptor components. Our data show that, apart from a subdivision into CGRP-1 and -2 receptors, BIBN4096BS reveals additional functional differences between the actions of αCGRP and βCGRP. However, evidence for CGRP receptor heterogeneity on a molecular level is scarce.
Anaerobic degradation of protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) by Thauera aromatica strain AR-1 (2002)

The denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica strain AR-1 grows anaerobically with protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB)) as sole energy and carbon source. This bacterium harbors two distinct pathways for degradation of aromatic compounds, the benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pathway for benzoate degradation and the hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) pathway for degradation of 3,5-DHB. In order to elucidate whether protocatechuate is degraded via the benzoyl-CoA or the HHQ pathway, induction experiments were carried out. Dense suspensions of cells grown on protocatechuate or benzoate readily degraded benzoate and protocatechuate but not 3,5-DHB. Dense suspensions of 3,5-DHB-grown cells degraded 3,4- and 3,5-DHB at similar rates, but benzoate was not degraded. 3,5-DHB hydroxylating activity was found only in cells grown with this substrate. HHQ dehydrogenase activity was found in extracts of cells grown with 3,5-DHB and at a low rate also in protocatechuate-grown cells, but not in extracts of cells grown with benzoate. Activities of protocatechuyl-CoA synthetase and protocatechuyl-CoA reductase leading to 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA were found in extracts of cells grown with protocatechuate. There was no repression of the HHQ pathway by the presence of protocatechuate, unlike by degradation of benzoate. We conclude that protocatechuate is not degraded via the HHQ pathway because there was no evidence of a hydroxylation reaction involved in this process. Instead, our results strongly suggest that protocatechuate is degraded via a pathway which connects to the benzoyl-CoA route of degradation.
Efficacy of Marek's Disease Vaccines in Mhc Heterozygous Chickens: Mhc Congenic × Inbred Line F1 Matings (1995)

The goal of this study is to demonstrate that Mhc (B) heterozygous chickens differ in efficacy of response to several Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. Four types of B2 heterozygotes, in addition to B2B2 homozygotes, were developed by crossing 15.B congenic males to inbred line 7(1) (B2B2) hens. The five types of F1 chicks were intermingled in isolators and vaccinated with one of four types of MD vaccine before inoculation with the very virulent Md5 strain of MD herpesvirus. The F1 chickens differ in development of protective immunity following MD vaccination from two perspectives. First, chickens of a particular Mhc genotype were protected better by some vaccines than others. Second, individual vaccine preparations protected some Mhc genotypes more effectively. We conclude that some MD vaccines are more appropriate than others for certain B-haplotypes when chickens are heterozygous for the Mhc. The value of using Mhc-congenic x inbred line F1 animals for studies concerning the influence of the Mhc on vaccinal immunity is discussed.
Multilevel binary phase grating polarization device with a birefringent substrate (1995)

A multilevel binary phase grating polarization device that uses a birefringent material as the substrate is proposed, and the design is described. Based on the effect of combining double refraction with diffraction, this type of device can act as a polarizing beam splitter and has a number of advantages for practical use.