gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence homology between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus envelope protein and interleukin 2. (1986)

A region of homology has been found between the envelope (env) protein of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus and a portion of interleukin 2 (IL-2) that purportedly binds to the IL-2 receptor. This homology, between two proteins associated with opposing biological functions, suggests possible mechanisms for the immunosuppressive activity of the AIDS virus. Two mechanisms are proposed in which the AIDS virus env protein interferes with IL-2 activity either directly or indirectly. A region of similarity to the purported IL-2 receptor binding site on IL-2 and AIDS virus env is present in the env proteins of other retroviruses associated with immunosuppression. A synthetic peptide vaccine for AIDS is suggested based on the IL-2 receptor binding sequence in AIDS virus env.
Solubility of hydrogen in single-sized palladium clusters (2001)

Hydrogen concentration-pressure isotherms of surfactant-stabilized palladium clusters and polymer-embedded palladium clusters with diameters of 2, 3, and 5 nm are measured with the gas sorption method at room temperature. The results show that, compared to bulk palladium, the hydrogen solubility in the \ensuremath{\alpha} phase of the clusters is enhanced fivefold to tenfold, and the miscibility gap is narrowed. Both results can be explained by assuming that hydrogen occupies the subsurface sites of the palladium clusters. The Pd-H isotherms of all clusters show the existence of hysteresis, even though the formation of misfit dislocations is unfavorable in small clusters. Compared to surfactant-stabilized clusters, the polymer-embedded clusters show slow absorption and desorption kinetics. The absorption kinetics can be described by a diffusion model for the composite polymer-cluster system.
The divide-and-conquer paradigm as a basis for parallel language design (1992)

Introduction 1.1 A Brief History Since the earliest days of computer programming, algorithms have been known which follow the so-called `divide-and-conquer&amp;apos; method. Many of the best and most widely used computer algorithms are these divide-and-conquer (d-c) algorithms. The binary search algorithm and Hoare&amp;apos;s quicksort are two very well known examples. There are many, many others for all types of computing problems, both simple and complicated, both general and specialised. Earlier references to d-c in the programming literature do not attempt to formalise it (e.g. Aho et al. 1974), but simply use the idea informally to help with the explanation of an algorithm. In (Horowitz and Sahni 1978), on the other hand, d-c is described as a control abstraction and a program for it is given in a Pascal-like pseudocode, calling four other procedures to supply the details needed to implement any specific algorithm within the general d-c family. Although Horowitz and
Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans (2007)

The contention that brown adipose tissue is absent in adult man has meant that processes attributed to active brown adipose tissue in experimental animals (mainly rodents), i.e., classical nonshivering thermogenesis, adaptive adrenergic thermogenesis, diet-induced thermogenesis, and antiobesity, should be either absent or attributed to alternative (unknown) mechanisms in man. However, serendipidously, as a consequence of the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) to trace tumor metastasis, observations that may change that notion have recently been made. These tomography scans have visualized symmetrical areas of increased tracer uptake in the upper parts of the human body; these areas of uptake correspond to brown adipose tissue. We examine here the published observations from a viewpoint of human physiology. The human depots are somewhat differently located from those in rodents, the main depots being found in the supraclavicular and the neck regions with some additional paravertebral, mediastinal, para-aortic, and suprarenal localizations (but no interscapular). Brown adipose tissue activity in man is acutely cold induced and is stimulated via the sympathetic nervous system. The prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in normal adult man can be only indirectly estimated, but it would seem that the prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in the population may be at least in the range of some tens of percent. We conclude that a substantial fraction of adult humans possess active brown adipose tissue that thus has the potential to be of metabolic significance for normal human physiology as well as to become pharmaceutically activated in efforts to combat obesity.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Chemokine Receptors (2003)

Chemokines are a family of structurally related, small chemoattractant proteins that interact with specific seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate cell migration in chemotactic gradients (,). Chemokine-receptor expression is finely regulated during leukocyte differentiation, maturation, and activation, causing each cell subpopulation to express a specific set of chemokine receptors. Although they were initially considered as simple leukocyte chemoattractants, chemokines are now known to be implicated in diverse phases of the immune response, and their significance is becoming apparent in many areas of biomedicine, including cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, asthma, and cardiovascular disease (). This has greatly increased interest in studying how chemokines exert their activities at the molecular level, which obviously requires specific reagents. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize chemokines or chemokine receptors are among the most useful tools for this purpose, particularly for cell expression and neutralization studies.
Optimum utilization of the channel capacity of a satellite link in the presence of amplitude scintillations and rain attenuation (1990)

By considering the global fading process on the link caused by rain attenuation and amplitude scintillations, particularly at K/sub a/ band, it is possible to derive a long-term statistical model of the satellite channel capacity. The four-parameter distribution, which combines amplitude scintillations and rain fade within an up/down link system, is presented. Also presented are the degradation (and improvement) of bit error rate (BER) in the presence of amplitude scintillations, thus complementing the flat fade effect due to rain only. By implementation of adaptive communication systems, a more efficient channel capacity utilization is possible. The concepts and the use of novel analytical expressions combining a log-normal model of rain fade with a Moulsley-Vilar distribution for scintillations are illustrated. These are then applied to a very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) example of a 29/19-GHz digital communications link through the Olympus satellite using M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) modulation schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiplexed SNP genotyping using the QbeadTM system: a quantum dot-encoded microsphere-based assay (2003)

We have developed a new method using the Qbead system for high-throughput genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Qbead system employs fluorescent Qdot semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, to encode microspheres that subsequently can be used as a platform for multiplexed assays. By combining mixtures of quantum dots with distinct emission wavelengths and intensities, unique spectral 'barcodes' are created that enable the high levels of multiplexing required for complex genetic analyses. Here, we applied the Qbead system to SNP genotyping by encoding microspheres conjugated to allele-specific oligonucleotides. After hybridization of oligonucleotides to amplicons produced by multiplexed PCR of genomic DNA, individual microspheres are analyzed by flow cytometry and each SNP is distinguished by its unique spectral barcode. Using 10 model SNPs, we validated the Qbead system as an accurate and reliable technique for multiplexed SNP genotyping. By modifying the types of probes conjugated to microspheres, the Qbead system can easily be adapted to other assay chemistries for SNP genotyping as well as to other applications such as analysis of gene expression and protein-protein interactions. With its capability for high-throughput automation, the Qbead system has the potential to be a robust and cost-effective platform for a number of applications.
N-Terminal Amino Acid of Eel Hemoglobin (1968)

The 4 Hb components of eel were isolated and analyzed for N-terminal structure. Only 2 N-terminal valyl residues per molecule were detected by the DNP method for each component. On the other hand, the presence of 2 acetyl groups per mole-cule was demonstrated in all the components by paper and gas chromatography and by the colorimetry of ferric-hydroxamic acid complex derived. Based on those results, it may be concluded that each of the 4 Hb's has 2 valyl and 2 N-acetylated amino acids as N-termini.
Purification and Properties of Xanthine Dehydrogenase from <italic>Streptomyces cyanogenus</italic><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1979)

Xanthine dehydrogenase has been purified to a homogeneous state from cell-free extracts of a strain of Streptomyces. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 125,000 and consists of two subunits with a molecular weight of 67,000. The isoelectric point is at pH 4.4. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 273, 355, and 457 nm and contains FAD, iron, and labile sulfide in a molar ratio of 1 : 7 : 1 per subunit. Little molybdenum could be detected. The enzyme is most active at pH 8.7 and at 40 degrees C, and is stable between pH 7 and 12 (at 4 degrees C for 24 h) and below 55 degrees C (at pH 9 for 10 min). The activity is stimulated by K+ at a concentration of 50 mM or more and also by keeping the enzyme at pH 9 to 11. The activity is inhibited by cyanide, Tiron, and p-chloromercuribenzoate and by adenine and urate. Among the compounds tested, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine 2-hydroxypurine, and 6,8-dihydroxypurine are oxidized at considerable rates; hypoxanthine is the best substrate. NAD+ is the preferred electron acceptor. Km values of the enzyme for hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and NAD+ are 0.055, 0.015, 0.15, and 0.11 mM, respectively. Marked differences in the properties of this enzyme compared to others are the activity towards guanine, which has a higher affinity for the enzyme than hypoxanthine and xanthine, and a higher reactivity with hypoxanthine than xanthine. The organism has been identified as Streptomyces cyanogenus.
SATB2 is a sensitive marker for lower gastrointestinal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. (2015)

Special AT-rich sequence binding protein-2 (SATB2) is selectively expressed in the lower gastrointestinal tract mucosa and has been identified as a sensitive marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of SATB2 in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors to explore its potential as a diagnostic marker for hindgut well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to SATB2 was performed on full tissue blocks in 167 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of various origins. The staining was semi-quantitatively scored as 0 (no tumor cell staining), 1+ (1-25%), 2+ (26-50%), 3+ (51-75%) and 4+ (76-100%). Positive SATB2 staining was seen in 17% foregut (14/84, 12/66 primary and 2/18 metastatic), 12% midgut (3/22, 3/18 primary and 0/7 metastatic), and 90% hindgut (52/58, 44/49 primary and 8/9 metastatic) well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Most hindgut well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (41/58) showed 4+ staining. The specificity of SATB2 for foregut, midgut and hindgut well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors was 34%, 54% and 84%, respectively. Our results indicate that SATB2 is a sensitive marker for hindgut well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors though it is not entirely specific. SATB2 should be included in the immunohistochemical panel in working out metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of an unknown origin.
Hepatobiliary MR contrast agents: 5‐substituted iron‐EHPG derivatives (1987)

Abstract A series of iron(III) ethylenebis(2‐hydroxypheny1)glycine [Fe(EHPG)]‐ derivatives have been examined for their role as paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The 5‐substituted complexes, Fe(5‐Me‐EHPG) − , Fe(5‐Cl‐EHPG) − , and Fe(5‐Br‐EHPG) − , have been compared to the parent compound in rat bio‐distribution and MR imaging studies; correlative in vitro parameters for the complexes, including octanol‐buffer partition coefficients and albumin binding affinity, have also been obtained. The three new derivatives exhibited higher degrees of lipophilicity and albumin binding affinity and varying degrees of improvement in liver‐to‐blood and bile‐to‐liver concentration ratios measured at 30 min postinjection. The 5‐C1 complex had the best overall performance in terms of these tissue ratios as well as in terms of total biliary excretion. Sequential MR images of rats after administration of the complexes revealed subtle pharmacokinetic differences among the derivatives and, in general, correlated well with and complemented the biodistribution results. This study points to the sensitivity of hepatocellular uptake and excretion to simple chemical modifications and, moreover, demonstrates the importance of screening multiple derivatives to select optimal hepatobiliary MR imaging agents. © 1987 Academic press, Inc.
Microheterogeneity of Micro tubule‐Associated τ Proteins Is Due to Differences in Phosphorylation (1986)

We have studied the heterogeneity of the microtubule-associated tau proteins using tau-specific antibodies and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to tau proteins recognize five bands in cow brain microtubule proteins run on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels, with apparent molecular weights between 56,000 and 66,000. Immunoblots of cow brain microtubules separated on two-dimensional gels, using nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and SDS-gel electrophoresis in the second, reveal that greater than 30 isoforms of tau exist. The tau proteins vary in pI from 6.5 to 8.5, with the higher-molecular-weight forms being more acidic. The microheterogeneity of tau is not induced by cycling of microtubules, because two-dimensional immunoblots of tau from total brain are almost identical to those of tau from cycled tubules. Adult rat brain tau, which appears as three doublet bands on SDS gels, also exhibits considerable isoelectric heterogeneity, as does tau from 7-day-old rats, which appears as only one band on SDS gels. After dephosphorylation of cow brain tau with alkaline phosphatase, the highest-molecular-weight band disappears on SDS gels. On two-dimensional gels, the number of tau variants decreases by more than half after dephosphorylation, and the more basic species increase greatly in intensity. Preliminary experiments with tau labeled in vivo with 32PO4 also indicate that the more acidic tau proteins are the more highly phosphorylated forms. Thus, isoelectric heterogeneity of tau proteins exists at all ages and is due, at least in part to differences in the state of phosphorylation of tau isoforms.
Genetics of HUS: the impact of MCP, CFH, and IF mutations on clinical presentation, response to treatment, and outcome (2006)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy with manifestations of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal impairment. Genetic studies have shown that mutations in complement regulatory proteins predispose to non-Shiga toxin-associated HUS (non-Stx-HUS). We undertook genetic analysis on membrane cofactor protein (MCP), complement factor H (CFH), and factor I (IF) in 156 patients with non-Stx-HUS. Fourteen, 11, and 5 new mutational events were found in MCP, CFH, and IF, respectively. Mutation frequencies were 12.8%, 30.1%, and 4.5% for MCP, CFH, and IF, respectively. MCP mutations resulted in either reduced protein expression or impaired C3b binding capability. MCP-mutated patients had a better prognosis than CFH-mutated and nonmutated patients. In MCP-mutated patients, plasma treatment did not impact the outcome significantly: remission was achieved in around 90% of both plasma-treated and plasma-untreated acute episodes. Kidney transplantation outcome was favorable in patients with MCP mutations, whereas the outcome was poor in patients with CFH and IF mutations due to disease recurrence. This study documents that the presentation, the response to therapy, and the outcome of the disease are influenced by the genotype. Hopefully this will translate into improved management and therapy of patients and will provide the way to design tailored treatments.
Mucosal Immune Activation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Gender-Dependence and Association With Digestive Symptoms (2009)

A large subset of IBS patients shows gender-dependent mucosal infiltration of immunocytes that correlates with abdominal bloating and dysmotility-like dyspepsia. These results provide the rationale for considering immune mechanisms as a pathophysiological component in a subset of IBS patients.
Safety and Efficacy of Topical Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution 0.25% for the Treatment of Demodex Blepharitis: A Pilot Study (2021)

Topical lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25% for 4 weeks, showed promising efficacy for the treatment of <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis. This novel treatment appears to be safe and well tolerated. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.
Cognitive Impairment after Small-dose Ketamine Isomers in Comparison to Equianalgesic Racemic Ketamine in Human Volunteers (2002)

Early after injection, ketamine isomers induce less tiredness and cognitive impairment than equianalgesic small-dose racemic ketamine. In addition, S(+)-ketamine causes less decline in concentration capacity and primary memory. The differences in drug effects cannot be explained by stereoselective action on one given receptor.
An improved procedure for the preparation of the Dess-Martin periodinane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved procedure for the preparation of the Dess-Martin periodinaneRobert E. Ireland and Longbin LiuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 10, 2899Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00062a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00062a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14832Altmetric-Citations599LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 is frequently activated in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma (2002)

The unique clinicopathologic features of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are due to the multiple cytokines produced by its neoplastic cells, the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Cytokine signaling is mediated through the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine cell lines and tissue sections derived from patients with HL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) for expression of activated STAT proteins. Constitutive phosphorylation of STAT6 and STAT3 was common in HL. STAT6 was constitutively phosphorylated in 5 of 5 HL cell lines and in HRS cells from 25 of 32 (78%) classical HL cases. STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated in 4 of 5 HL cell lines and in HRS cells from 27 of 31 (87%) classical HL cases. Only 4 of 24 NHL cases demonstrated constitutive STAT6 activation, whereas STAT3 activation was observed in 6 of 13 (46%) cases of B-cell NHL and 8 of 11 (73%) cases of T-cell NHL. Constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation was not a common feature of HL or NHL. STAT6 mediates signaling by interleukin 13 (IL-13), a cytokine frequently expressed by HRS cells. Antibody-mediated neutralization of IL-13 resulted in significant decreases in both cellular proliferation and levels of phosphorylated STAT6 of HL cell lines. In conclusion, constitutive STAT6 phosphorylation is a common and distinctive feature of HRS cells in classical HL, whereas STAT3 activation was regularly present in both HL and NHL. These results suggest that IL-13 signaling is largely responsible for the constitutive STAT6 activation observed in HRS cells and further implicate IL-13 as an important growth factor in classical HL.
Origin of leukemic relapse after bone marrow transplantation: comparison of cytogenetic and molecular analyses (1989)

Abstract Leukemic relapse following bone marrow transplant (BMT) is generally due to the recurrence in recipient cells, but may rarely occur as a result of donor cell transformation. Donor cell relapse is generally identified using cytogenetic markers such as the sex chromosomes. Recently, molecular techniques have been used to identify the origin of bone marrow cells by their DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We describe the case of a male pediatric patient who had a leukemic relapse 30 months following BMT from his sister. Both cytogenetic and molecular techniques were used to identify the origin of the leukemic relapse. Cytogenetic analyses indicated the absence of the Y chromosome and the presence of a donor cell type 9qh polymorphism, suggesting a donor cell relapse. Molecular analyses also indicated the absence of the Y chromosome but demonstrated the recurrence of recipient DNA markers from three other chromosomes, suggesting a recipient cell relapse. While the leukemic cell lineage cannot be definitively assigned in this case, our results suggest that caution must be exercised when assigning leukemic cell lineage following post-BMT relapse.