gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo analysis of murine lipoprotein lipase gene promoter: tissue-specific expression (1995)

Lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme of central importance to lipid metabolism, is most abundant in adipose tissues, cardiac and skeletal muscle, and portions of the brain. The current work examined the murine lipoprotein lipase promoter using transient transfection, gel-retention analyses, and transgenic mice. Maximum expression of the luciferase reporter gene in transfected cells was observed with -101 bp of the promoter. Nuclear extracts from tissues expressing lipoprotein lipase contained DNA binding proteins that recognize the CCAAT box (-64 bp) and an octamer motif (-46 bp); this combination of factors was absent in nonexpressing tissues. Transgenic mice from three of five founders prepared with -1,824-bp promoter constructs expressed the luciferase reporter gene at highest levels in brown adipose tissue and brain. These findings suggest that the -1,824-bp promoter region contains sequence elements responsible for the tissue-specific transcription of lipoprotein lipase in vivo.
Enhancing the Proteolytic Maturation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins (2002)

In virus-infected cells, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) precursor, gp160, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is cleaved by cellular proteases into a fusion-competent gp120-gp41 heterodimer in which the two subunits are noncovalently associated. However, cleavage can be inefficient when recombinant Env is expressed at high levels, either as a full-length gp160 or as a soluble gp140 truncated immediately N-terminal to the transmembrane domain. We have explored several methods for obtaining fully cleaved Env for use as a vaccine antigen. We tested whether purified Env could be enzymatically digested with purified protease in vitro. Plasmin efficiently cleaved the Env precursor but also cut at a second site in gp120, most probably the V3 loop. In contrast, a soluble form of furin was specific for the gp120-gp41 cleavage site but cleaved inefficiently. Coexpression of Env with the full-length or soluble form of furin enhanced Env cleavage but also reduced Env expression. When the Env cleavage site (REKR) was mutated in order to see if its use by cellular proteases could be enhanced, several mutants were found to be processed more efficiently than the wild-type protein. The optimal cleavage site sequences were RRRRRR, RRRRKR, and RRRKKR. These mutations did not significantly alter the capacity of the Env protein to mediate fusion, so they have not radically perturbed Env structure. Furthermore, unlike that of wild-type Env, expression of the cleavage site mutants was not significantly reduced by furin coexpression. Coexpression of Env cleavage site mutants and furin is therefore a useful method for obtaining high-level expression of processed Env.
Coleogeton (Potamogetonaceae), a New Genus of Pondweeds (1996)

Potamogeton subg.Coleogeton is el evated to generic level.A combination of morpho logical and anatomical features readily distin guishes the new genus Coleogeton from both Groenlandia and Potamogeton, the two other gen era recognized in the Potamogetonaceae.All new combinations for taxa that occur in North America are proposed for use in the Flora of North Amer ica.These new combinations include Coleogeton striatus, C. pectinatus, C. filiformis, C.
Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm disruption by a human antibody that binds a pan-amyloid epitope on curli (2020)

Abstract Bacterial biofilms, especially those associated with implanted medical devices, are difficult to eradicate. Curli amyloid fibers are important components of the biofilms formed by the Enterobacteriaceae family. Here, we show that a human monoclonal antibody with pan-amyloid-binding activity (mAb 3H3) can disrupt biofilms formed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. The antibody disrupts the biofilm structure, enhancing biofilm eradication by antibiotics and immune cells. In mice, 3H3 injections allow antibiotic-mediated clearance of catheter-associated S . Typhimurium biofilms. Thus, monoclonal antibodies that bind a pan-amyloid epitope have potential to prevent or eradicate bacterial biofilms.
Age estimation of faces: a review (2008)

Abstract Accurate age estimation is important in a variety of settings, particularly those in which age is a condition for access to a product such as alcohol or tobacco. The current paper reviews data on the estimation of age, focusing on changes that occur to the ageing face, methodology and findings. The accumulated data suggest that age estimation of unfamiliar faces can be quite accurate, is sensitive to cues at the local and global level and may vary on the basis of group membership. Potential directions for future research are highlighted and findings are discussed with respect to their implications for policies regarding the solicitation of age identification. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Low Level Her2 Overexpression Is Associated with Rapid Tumor Cell Proliferation and Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer (2010)

Low-level Her2 overexpression occurs at relevant frequency in prostate cancer and in the absence of gene amplification. Increased Her2 expression may potentially lead to an aggressive behavior of tumor cells through the stimulation of tumor cell proliferation because Her2 staining was shown to be significantly associated with Ki67 labeling index. These data argue for reconsidering anti-Her2 therapy, possibly with modified approaches.
dcd (dCTP deaminase) gene of Escherichia coli: mapping, cloning, sequencing, and identification as a locus of suppressors of lethal dut (dUTPase) mutations (1992)

In Escherichia coli, most of the dUMP that is used as a substrate for thymidylate synthetase is generated from dCTP through the sequential action of dCTP deaminase and dUTPase. Some mutations of the dut (dUTPase) gene are lethal even when the cells are grown in the presence of thymidine, but their lethality can be suppressed by extragenic mutations that can be produced by transposon insertion. Six suppressor mutations were tested, and all were found to belong to the same complementation group. The affected gene was cloned, it was mapped by hybridization with a library of recombinant DNA, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The gene is at 2,149 kb on the physical map. Its product, a 21.2-kDa polypeptide, was overproduced 1,000-fold via an expression vector and identified as dCTP deaminase, the enzyme affected in previously described dcd mutants. Null mutations in dcd probably suppress the lethality of dut mutations by reducing the accumulation of dUTP, which would otherwise lead to the excessive incorporation of uracil into DNA.
Profound loss of T-cell receptor repertoire complexity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2003)

Abstract Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a malignancy of skin-homing T cells. A major feature of CTCL is profound immunosuppression, such that patients with advanced mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome have been compared with patients with advanced HIV disease and are susceptible to opportunistic infection. The etiology of this immunosuppression is unclear. We analyzed peripheral blood T cells of patients with CTCL with stage I to IV disease, using a sensitive beta-variable complementarity-determining region 3 spectratyping approach. Our data revealed a profound disruption of the complexity of the T-cell repertoire, which was universally observed in patients with advanced disease (stages III and IV), and present in up to 50% of patients with early-stage disease (stages I and II). In most patients, multiple monoclonal and oligoclonal complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratype patterns in many different beta-variable families were seen. Equally striking was a reduction of normal T cells (as judged by absolute CD4 counts) across multiple beta-variable families. In general, CTCL spectratypes were reminiscent of advanced HIV spectratypes published elsewhere. Taken together, these data are most consistent with a global assault on the T-cell repertoire in patients with CTCL, a process that can be observed even in early-stage disease. (Blood. 2003;102:4059-4066)
Updated ESH position paper on interventional therapy of resistant hypertension (2013)

Out of the overall hypertensive population it is estimated that approximately 10% have treatment resistant hypertension (TRH). Percutaneous catheter-based transluminal renal ablation (renal denervation [RDN] by delivery of radiofrequency energy) has emerged as a new approach to achieve sustained blood pressure reduction in patients with TRH. This innovative interventional technique is now available across Europe for severe TRH for those patients in whom pharmacologic strategies and lifestyle changes have failed to control blood pressure below target (usually <140/90 mmHg). In 2012, the "ESH position paper: renal denervation - an interventional therapy of resistant hypertension" was published to facilitate a better understanding of the effectiveness, safety, limitation and unresolved issues. We have now updated this position paper since numerous studies have been published over the last year providing more data about the rationale, therapeutic efficacy and safety of RDN. In the upcoming ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, therapeutic options of treatment resistant hypertension will be addressed, but only briefly, and thus it is the focus of this paper to provide detailed and updated information on this innovative interventional technique.
In-vivo NIR autofluorescence imaging of rat mammary tumors (2006)

We investigate in vivo detection of mammary tumors in a rat model using autofluorescence imaging in the red and far-red spectral regions. The objective was to explore this method for non-invasive detection of malignant tumors and correlation between autofluorescence properties of tumors and their pathologic status. Eighteen tumor-bearing rats, bearing eight benign and seventeen malignant tumors were imaged. Autofluorescence images were acquired using spectral windows centered at 700-nm, 750-nm and 800-nm under laser excitation at 632.8-nm and 670- nm. Intensity in the autofluorescence images of malignant tumors under 670-nm excitation was higher than that of the adjacent normal tissue. whereas intensity of benign tumors was lower compared to normal tissue.
Human Milk Protein and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil Supplementation of Human Milk: Plasma Amino Acids in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants (1984)

Fifty-one very low-birth-weight infants (birth weight less than 1,520 g) randomly fed either human milk or human milk supplemented with human milk protein and/or with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil were observed. Plasma amino acids from these infants were studied at 2, 8, and 10 weeks. Medium-chain triglyceride oil supplementation had minimal or no influence on plasma amino acids. Human milk protein supplementation resulted in increased concentrations of all amino acids at all ages studied. The concentrations were 1.5- to threefold as compared with values in infants not given protein supplements. However, the concentrations of methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine remained far below values considered harmful. The age at which maximal plasma amino acid concentrations in infants given human milk protein supplementation occur coincides with the age of the lowest serum albumin concentrations in infants fed only human milk. This suggests that high plasma amino acid concentrations may hasten albumin synthesis in very low-birth-weight infants.
Genetic targeting of the endoderm with claudin‐6CreER (2008)

A full description of the ontogeny of the beta cell would guide efforts to generate beta cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The first step requires an understanding of definitive endoderm: the genes and signals responsible for its specification, proliferation, and patterning. This report describes a global marker of definitive endoderm, Claudin-6 (Cldn6). We report its expression in early development with particular attention to definitive endoderm derivatives. To create a genetic system to drive gene expression throughout the definitive endoderm with both spatial and temporal control, we target the endogenous locus with an inducible Cre recombinase (Cre-ER(T2)) cassette. Cldn6 null mice are viable and fertile with no obvious phenotypic abnormalities. We also report a lineage analysis of the fate of Cldn6-expressing embryonic cells, which is relevant to the development of the pancreas, lung, and liver.
Cell cycle phase specificity of antitumor agents. (1972)

Summary The sensitivity to drugs of synchronous and asynchronous populations of DON cells was studied. Agents that were cytotoxic at a specific phase of the cell cycle gave dose-survival curves that decreased to a constant saturation value. DNA synthesis inhibitors such as 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-azacytidine, 5-hydroxy-2-formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone (NSC 107392), sodium camptothecin (NSC 100880), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, and pseudourea (NSC 56054) were most cytotoxic to cells in the S phase. However, the DNA synthesis inhibitor, neocarzinostatin, was most cytotoxic to cells in the G 1 phase. The protein synthesis inhibitors, pactamycin and sparsomycin, were also most cytotoxic to cells in the S phase. Cells in the G 1 -S border region were most sensitive to the RNA synthesis inhibitors, actinomycin D and nogalamycin, and to the alkylating agents, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. Streptozotocin and tubercidin, which markedly inhibit the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein, were cytotoxic to cells in all phase of the cell cycle. 5-Fluorouracil was also not phase specific. Cells in mitosis and in the G 1 phase were most sensitive to chlorambucil, l-phenylalanine mustard, and ellipticine.
Acoustic radiation force on a sphere in tissue (2012)

A theory is presented for the acoustic radiation force on a sphere embedded in a soft elastic medium that possesses a shear modulus μ several orders of magnitude smaller than its bulk modulus. Scattering of both compressional and shear waves is taken into account. There is no restriction on the size of the sphere or, apart from axisymmetry, the form of the incident compressional wave. The analysis employs the Piola-Kirchhoff pseudostress tensor and Lagrangian coordinates. In the linear approximation an analytical solution is obtained for the scattered waves. The nonlinear stress and full radiation force are calculated at the next order of approximation. For a small sphere and μ≈0 the classical result for a particle in liquid is recovered. For small but finite shear modulus the radiation force is evaluated for a gas bubble driven at a frequency below resonance. The predicted magnitude of the radiation force on the bubble is found to be less than that in liquid by the factor [1+(4/3)μ/γ P 0]-1, where P 0 is the ambient pressure and γ the ratio of specific heats of the gas. Influence of the scattered shear wave in this limit is negligible. [Work supported by NIH DK070618.]
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of synthetic Aβ42 (AN1792) in patients with AD (2005)

AN1792 + QS-21 elicited a positive antibody response to Abeta42 in more than half of this elderly study population.
[High dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous hemotopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report of 11 cases]. (2002)

HDT combined with ASCT is a method that worth to be further study to treat the patients with advanced or relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma with poor prognosis.
In vitro analysis of epiblast tissue potency for hematopoietic cell differentiation (1996)

In murine embryogenesis, all cells that will constitute the embryonic structures originate from the epiblast (primitive ectoderm) tissue, the epithelial cell sheet of the gastrulating embryo. The cells of this tissue are totipotent at the beginning of gastrulation, but at the end of this period are specified to particular cell lineages. Thus, it is likely that during murine gastrulation, the potency of epiblast cells that were originally totipotent becomes restricted as development progresses. However, the mechanisms of this process are unknown. We have investigated this process in vitro, focusing on the hematopoietic cell lineage. To detect the hematogenic potency of the epiblast tissue, we established an in vitro culture system in which the hematopoietic cell differentiation of the epiblast tissue was supported by a stromal cell layer. With this culture system, we investigated the process by which this potency becomes spatially and temporally restricted during gastrulation. The results showed that hematogenic potency resides in the entire epiblast of the early- to mid-gastrulating embryo, but becomes restricted to the posterior half of the epiblast at the headfold stage. Furthermore, we showed that this process is altered by exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) or activin A, which may be mesoderm inducers in Xenopus embryogenesis.
Glomerular filtrate proteins in acute cardiorenal syndrome (2019)

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS-1) is a morbid complication of acute cardiovascular disease. Heart-to-kidney signals transmitted by "cardiorenal connectors" have been postulated, but investigation into CRS-1 has been limited by technical limitations and a paucity of models. To address these limitations, we developed a translational model of CRS-1, cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR), and now report findings from nanoscale mass spectrometry proteomic exploration of glomerular filtrate 2 hours after CA/CPR or sham procedure. Filtrate acquisition was confirmed by imaging, molecular weight and charge distribution, and exclusion of protein specific to surrounding cells. Filtration of proteins specific to the heart was detected following CA/CPR and confirmed with mass spectrometry performed using urine collections from mice with deficient tubular endocytosis. Cardiac LIM protein was a CA/CPR-specific filtrate component. Cardiac arrest induced plasma release of cardiac LIM protein in mice and critically ill human cardiac arrest survivors, and administration of recombinant cardiac LIM protein to mice altered renal function. These findings demonstrate that glomerular filtrate is accessible to nanoscale proteomics and elucidate the population of proteins filtered 2 hours after CA/CPR. The identification of cardiac-specific proteins in renal filtrate suggests a novel signaling mechanism in CRS-1. We expect these findings to advance understanding of CRS-1.
Microalgae as an alternative source of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (2012)

Abstract The health benefits of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega‐3 LC‐PUFA) are recognized worldwide. The traditional source of omega‐3 LC‐PUFA is fish. However, global consumer needs cannot be supplied by the current global fish harvest. Therefore, new sources of omega‐3 LC‐PUFA have to be found. Microalgae are producers of omega‐3 LC‐PUFA and a potential alternative for seafood. Other sources of omega‐3 LC‐PUFA include krill oil, calamari oil and genetically engineered land plant crops.
Matrix‐free desorption of biomolecules using massive cluster impact (1994)

Massive-cluster impact (MCI) ionization was found to be capable of producing high secondary-ion yields from biological samples without the use of a liquid matrix. Dry samples of molecules as large as cytochrome c were observed to be efficiently desorbed without significant fragmentation by the MCI beam of glycerol clusters. In addition, signals from protonated molecules retained a significant proportion of their initial intensity even after several minutes exposure to the primary beam. It was determined that these remarkable phenomena are not the result of the build-up of a layer of glycerol caused by the cluster bombardment.
In vitro activities of cefotaxime, vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and other antibiotics alone and in combination against Propionibacterium acnes isolates from central nervous system infections (2004)

Our data suggest that P. acnes isolates causing CNS infections remain highly susceptible to most antibiotics used for the treatment of such infections. Moreover, we showed that cefotaxime, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin possess good bactericidal activities against P. acnes, and that these activities may be enhanced when vancomycin is combined with cefotaxime or when cefotaxime is combined with quinupristin/dalfopristin.
AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi andShigella flexneri2a Strains Mucosally Deliver DNA Vaccines Encoding Measles Virus Hemagglutinin, Inducing Specific Immune Responses and Protection in Cotton Rats (2003)

Measles remains a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries. Residual maternal measles antibodies and immunologic immaturity dampen immunogenicity of the current vaccine in young infants. Because cotton rat respiratory tract is susceptible to measles virus (MV) replication after intranasal (i.n.) challenge, this model can be used to assess the efficacy of MV vaccines. Pursuing a new measles vaccine strategy that might be effective in young infants, we used attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CVD 908-htrA and Shigella flexneri 2a CVD 1208 vaccines to deliver mucosally to cotton rats eukaryotic expression plasmid pGA3-mH and Sindbis virus-based DNA replicon pMSIN-H encoding MV hemagglutinin (H). The initial i.n. dose-response with bacterial vectors alone identified a well-tolerated dosage (1 x 10(9) to 7 x 10(9) CFU) and a volume (20 micro l) that elicited strong antivector immune responses. Animals immunized i.n. on days 0, 28, and 76 with bacterial vectors carrying DNA plasmids encoding MV H or immunized parenterally with these naked DNA vaccine plasmids developed MV plaque reduction neutralizing antibodies and proliferative responses against MV antigens. In a subsequent experiment of identical design, cotton rats were challenged with wild-type MV 1 month after the third dose of vaccine or placebo. MV titers were significantly reduced in lung tissue of animals immunized with MV DNA vaccines delivered either via bacterial live vectors or parenterally. Since attenuated serovar Typhi and S. flexneri can deliver measles DNA vaccines mucosally in cotton rats, inducing measles immune responses (including neutralizing antibodies) and protection, boosting strategies can now be evaluated in animals primed with MV DNA vaccines.
Predicting schizophrenia: findings from the Edinburgh High-Risk Study (2005)

The genetic component of schizophrenia affects many more individuals than will develop the illness, and partial impairment can be found in them. Highly significant predictors of the development of schizophrenia are detectable years before onset.