gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI-BOLD of Visually Triggered Headache in Patients With Migraine (1999)

<h3>Background</h3> Spreading depression of Leao has been hypothesized as the basis for the visual aura of the migraine attack, supported by cerebral blood flow measurements of spreading hypoperfusion. The early depolarizing or activation phase of experimental spreading depression, however, is associated with a transient but pronounced cerebral blood flow increase that precedes spreading hypoperfusion. <h3>Objective</h3> To study this early phase of the migraine attack, we investigated visually triggered attacks of headache and visual symptoms using a red-green checkerboard stimulus in patients with migraine. <h3>Interventions</h3> We studied occipital cortex activation during visual stimulation by measuring occipital cortex perfusion with functional magnetic resonance imaging–blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast in 10 patients with migraine with aura and 2 patients with migraine without aura and 6 healthy subjects. <h3>Results</h3> In 6 patients with migraine with aura and 2 patients with migraine without aura, their typical headache with (n=2) or without visual change was visually triggered at 7.3 minutes (mean time) after visual stimulation began. In 5 of these patients, the onset of headache or visual change, or both, was preceded by suppression of initial activation (mean onset time, 4.3 minutes;<i>P</i>&lt;.001) The suppression slowly propagated into contiguous occipital cortex at a rate ranging from 3 to 6 mm/min. This neuronal suppression was accompanied by baseline contrast intensity increases that indicated vasodilatation and tissue hyperoxygenation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We conclude that visually triggered headache and visual change in patients with migraine is accompanied by spreading suppression of initial neuronal activation and increased occipital cortex oxygenation. We postulate that this spreading suppression may be associated with initial activation of a migraine attack, independent of whether there are associated aura symptoms. We further postulate that there may be an association between vasodilation accompanying the initial stage of suppression and the induction of headache.
Carbon Nanotubes in Water:  Structural Characteristics and Energetics (2001)

We study the structural properties of water surrounding a carbon nanotube using molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction potentials involve a description of the carbon nanotube using Morse, harmonic bending, torsion, and Lennard-Jones potentials. The water is described by the flexible Simple Point Charge (SPC) model by Teleman et al.,1 and the carbon−water interactions include a carbon−oxygen Lennard-Jones potential, and an electrostatic quadrupole moment acting between the carbon atoms and the charge sites of the water. Vibration of the breathing mode of the carbon nanotube in water is inferred from the oscillations in carbon−carbon van der Waals energy, and the inverse proportionality between the radius of the carbon nanotube and the breathing frequency is in good agreement with experimental values. The results indicate, that under the present conditions, the presence of the water has a negligible influence on the breathing frequency. The water at the carbon−water interface is found to have a HOH plane nearly tangential to the interface, and the water radial density profile exhibits the characteristic layering also found in the graphite−water system. The average number of hydrogen bonds decreases from a value of 3.73 in the bulk phase to a value of 2.89 at the carbon−water interface. The inclusion of the carbon quadrupole moment is found to have a negligible influence on the structural properties of the water. Energy changes that occur by the process of introducing a carbon nanotube in water are calculated. The creation of a cavity in the bulk water to accommodate the nanotube constitutes the largest energy contribution. Results include an analysis of surface structure and energy values for planar and for concave cylindrical surfaces of water.
CD30 in Normal and Neoplastic Cells (1999)

In 1982 Stein and coworkers identified a new molecule, CD30 (Ki-1), which is expressed by Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) (1). Although CD30 is not a specific RS cell marker, its characterization has assumed an important role not only in the differential diagnosis of HD, but also in the identification of a morphologically and clinically distinct type of large cell lymphoma, now designated as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (2). The cloning of human and murine CD30 and the utilization of genetically manipulated animal models have rapidly expanded our knowledge on its physiological role in lymphoid development and differentiation. The goal of this review is to present an overview of this rapidly evolving field and discuss the role of CD30 in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells.
Affinity enhancement of an in vivo matured therapeutic antibody using structure‐based computational design (2006)

Improving the affinity of a high-affinity protein-protein interaction is a challenging problem that has practical applications in the development of therapeutic biomolecules. We used a combination of structure-based computational methods to optimize the binding affinity of an antibody fragment to the I-domain of the integrin VLA1. Despite the already high affinity of the antibody (Kd approximately 7 nM) and the moderate resolution (2.8 A) of the starting crystal structure, the affinity was increased by an order of magnitude primarily through a decrease in the dissociation rate. We determined the crystal structure of a high-affinity quadruple mutant complex at 2.2 A. The structure shows that the design makes the predicted contacts. Structural evidence and mutagenesis experiments that probe a hydrogen bond network illustrate the importance of satisfying hydrogen bonding requirements while seeking higher-affinity mutations. The large and diverse set of interface mutations allowed refinement of the mutant binding affinity prediction protocol and improvement of the single-mutant success rate. Our results indicate that structure-based computational design can be successfully applied to further improve the binding of high-affinity antibodies.
VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon (1993)

A new approach to interacting with stored video is proposed. The approach utilizes VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon. VideoMAP is the interface that shows the essential video features in an easy to perceive manner. VideoSpaceIcon represents the temporal and spatial characteristics of a video shot as an intuitive icon. A video indexing method supports both tools. These tools allow the user's creativity to directly interact with the essential features of each video by offering spatial and temporal clues. This paper introduces the basic concept and describes prototype versions of the tools as implemented in a video handling system. VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon are effective for video handling functions such as video content analysis, video editing, and various video applications which need an intuitive visual interface.
Adenosine A 1 receptors (A 1 Rs) play a critical role in osteoclast formation and function (2010)

Adenosine regulates a wide variety of physiological processes via interaction with one or more G-protein-coupled receptors (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R). Because A(1)R occupancy promotes fusion of human monocytes to form giant cells in vitro, we determined whether A(1)R occupancy similarly promotes osteoclast function and formation. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were harvested from C57Bl/6 female mice or A(1)R-knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates and differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1 and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand in the presence or absence of the A(1)R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX). Osteoclast morphology was analyzed in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase or F-actin-stained samples, and bone resorption was evaluated by toluidine blue staining of dentin. BMCs from A(1)R-knockout mice form fewer osteoclasts than BMCs from WT mice, and the A(1)R antagonist DPCPX inhibits osteoclast formation (IC(50)=1 nM), with altered morphology and reduced ability to resorb bone. A(1)R blockade increased ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF6 in RAW264.7 cells induced to differentiate into osteoclasts. These studies suggest a critical role for adenosine in bone homeostasis via interaction with adenosine A(1)R and further suggest that A(1)R may be a novel pharmacologic target to prevent the bone loss associated with inflammatory diseases and menopause.
The Serum Profile of Hypercytokinemia Factors Identified in H7N9-Infected Patients can Predict Fatal Outcomes (2015)

The novel avian origin influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused severe diseases in humans in eastern China since the spring of 2013. Fatal outcomes of H7N9 infections are often attributed to the severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There is urgent need to discover biomarkers predicting the progression of disease and fatal outcome of potentially lethal flu infections, based on sound statistical analysis. We discovered that 34 of the 48 cytokines and chemokines examined in this study were significantly elevated in the plasma samples from patients infected with H7N9. We report for the first time that the levels of MIF, SCF, MCP-1, HGF, and SCGF-β are highly positively linked to disease severity and the profile of mediators MIF, SCF, MCP-1, HGF, SCGF-β, IP-10, IL-18, and IFN-γ is an independent outcome predictor.
BPLRU: a buffer management scheme for improving random writes in flash storage (2008)

Flash memory has become the most important storage media in mobile devices, and is beginning to replace hard disks in desktop systems. However, its relatively poor random write performance may cause problems in the desktop environment, which has much more complicated requirements than mobile devices. While a RAM buffer has been quite successful in hard disks to mask the low efficiency of random writes, managing such a buffer to fully exploit the characteristics of flash storage has still not been resolved. In this paper, we propose a new write buffer management scheme called Block Padding Least Recently Used, which significantly improves the random write performance of flash storage. We evaluate the scheme using trace-driven simulations and experiments with a prototype implementation. It shows about 44% enhanced performance for the workload of MS Office 2003 installation.
Copper + Nickel-in-Charcoal (Cu−Ni/C): A Bimetallic, Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cross-Couplings (2008)

A new heterogeneous catalyst composed of copper and nickel oxide particles supported within charcoal has been developed. It catalyzes cross-couplings that traditionally use palladium, nickel, or copper, including Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, vinylalane alkylations, etherifications of aryl halides, aryl halide reductions, asymmetric conjugate reductions of activated olefins, and azide-alkyne "click" reactions.
mRNA analysis of the adc gene region of Clostridium acetobutylicum during the shift to solventogenesis (1992)

By using primer extension analysis, we located the transcription start point of the acetoacetate decarboxylase (adc) gene of Clostridium acetobutylicum 90 nucleotides upstream from the initiation codon with A as the first transcribed nucleotide. From this site the promoter structure TTTACT(18 bp)TATAAT was identified; it shows high homology to the consensus sequences of gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli. Northern blot experiments revealed a length of 850 bases for the transcript of the adc gene. It thus represents a monocistronic operon. Transcription of adc was induced by conditions necessary for the onset of solvent formation. Induction occurred long before the respective fermentation product (acetone) could be detected in the medium. Transcription of the operon containing the genes for acetoacetyl coenzyme A:acetate/butyrate:coenzyme A transferase (designated ctf) downstream of the adc gene but divergently transcribed is also induced by conditions necessary for the onset of solvent formation. The length of the respective RNA transcript, 4.1 kb, indicates additional coding capacity, since the genes for the two subunits of the coenzyme A transferase cover only approximately 1.5 kb. No distinct transcripts for the other open reading frames of the adc gene region, ORF1 and ORF2, could be detected. Computer analysis indicated that ORF1, which showed significant similarity to the alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus subtilis (U. Gerischer and P. Dürre, J. Bacteriol. 172:6907-6918, 1990), probably is indeed a coding region. ORF2, however, does not seem to have a coding function.
ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES FOR LIFETIME EXTENSION IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES (2014)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most commonly used type of rechargeable batteries with a global market estimated at $11 billion, which is predicted to grow to $60 billion by 2020. The global commercialization of Li-ion batteries is impeded by issues such as poor cycle life (5000 cycles achieved in some LIBs) in high energy and power density applications because of the rising internal resistance due to aging and safety concerns such as overcharge which ultimately leads to thermal runaway and explosions. A battery’s performance mainly depends on external factors such as electrode thickness and degree of compacting, and the type of conductive additive and electrolyte mixture used, and internal factors such as its internal temperature and state of charge. The performance suffers due to aging or erroneous mechanisms such as decomposition of the electrode or electrolyte material affecting the lifetime. In this thesis, an attempt is made to improve the lifetimes of the Li-ion batteries by incorporating suitable electrolyte additives, which were incorporated in the battery electrolyte to prevent overcharge. Also, several conductive electrode additives were incorporated as filler materials in an anode to explore the effects on its discharge capacities.
Preparation and Certain Physical Properties of Some Plant Steryl Esters1,2 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Certain Physical Properties of Some Plant Steryl Esters1,2A. KUKSIS and J. M. R. BEVERIDGECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 7, 1209–1219Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01077a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01077a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blood substitutes : physiological basis of efficacy (1995)

Transfusion alternatives - impact on blood-banking worldwide, Peter Tomasulo demonstration of the efficacy of a therapeutic agent, Joseph Fratantoni a physiologic basis for the transfusion trigger, Robert M. Winslow combat casualties, blood and red blood cell substitutes - a military perspective, Jon C. Bowersox and John R. Hess clinical development of perfluorocarbon-based emulsions as red cell substitutes, Robert J. Kaufman design of chemically modified and recombinant haemoglobins as potential red cell substitutes, James M. Manning encapsulation of haemoglobin in liposomes, Alan S. Rudoloph stability and toxicity of haemoglobin solutions, Kim D. Vandegriff red cell substitutes in the kidney, Roland C. Blantz, Andrew P. Evan and Francis B. Gabbai a theoretical analysis of oxygen transport - a new strategy for the design of haemoglobin-based red cell substitutes, Kim D. Vandegriff and Robert M. Winslow microcirculatory consequences of blood substitution with alpha-alpha haemoglobin, Amy G. Tsai, Heinz Kerger and Marcos Intaglietta oxygen delivery regulation - implications for blood substitutes, Paul C. Johnson, et al tumour oxygenation and radiosensitivity, Herman Suit.
Ovarian cancer recurrence: value of MR imaging. (1995)

MR imaging is a useful adjunct to the clinical examination to identify patients with recurrent disease and those in whom reexploration may not be beneficial.
Breaking The Cycle: Treatment Strategies for 163 Cases of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Disease (2002)

These data show that tapered or pulsed dosing regimens of vancomycin may result in a significantly better cure of RCDD. The persistence of C. difficile spores suggests that additional strategies to restore the normal colonic microflora may also be beneficial.
LidarBoost: Depth superresolution for ToF 3D shape scanning (2009)

Depth maps captured with time-of-flight cameras have very low data quality: the image resolution is rather limited and the level of random noise contained in the depth maps is very high. Therefore, such flash lidars cannot be used out of the box for high-quality 3D object scanning. To solve this problem, we present LidarBoost, a 3D depth superresolution method that combines several low resolution noisy depth images of a static scene from slightly displaced viewpoints, and merges them into a high-resolution depth image. We have developed an optimization framework that uses a data fidelity term and a geometry prior term that is tailored to the specific characteristics of flash lidars. We demonstrate both visually and quantitatively that LidarBoost produces better results than previous methods from the literature.
Treatment effects of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in patients with severe sepsis: a historical control study (2011)

We found that rhTM administration may improve organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis-induced DIC. Further clinical investigations are necessary to evaluate the effect of rhTM on the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced DIC.
Mutations within the Rhodopsin Gene in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (1990)

In some patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, the disease is caused by one of a variety of mutations of the rhodopsin gene.
Assaying Soluble Forms of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (2007)

Yamagishi and Imaizumi speculate that kinetics and role of circulating total soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (soluble receptor for AGE, sRAGE) may be different from those of endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) in diabetes. They also suggest an alternative interpretation that serum sRAGE level may reflect tissue membrane form of RAGE expression.
研究“人性自私”有助于决策 (2005)

任何形式的组织，都无外乎是自私的行为实体(从某种意义上讲)。对于生意人来说，我们最容易看出其自私的痕迹来，因为他们总是以不断增加财富为终极目标。当雇员意识到这一点的时候，他们通常便会本能地反抗，抗议自己成为整个“为别人创造财富”的机器上的一个部件。他们会发表这样的声明：
Ibrutinib is an irreversible molecular inhibitor of ITK driving a Th1-selective pressure in T lymphocytes (2013)

Given its critical role in T-cell signaling, interleukin-2-inducible kinase (ITK) is an appealing therapeutic target that can contribute to the pathogenesis of certain infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Ablation of ITK subverts Th2 immunity, thereby potentiating Th1-based immune responses. While small-molecule ITK inhibitors have been identified, none have demonstrated clinical utility. Ibrutinib is a confirmed irreversible inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) with outstanding clinical activity and tolerability in B-cell malignancies. Significant homology between BTK and ITK alongside in silico docking studies support ibrutinib as an immunomodulatory inhibitor of both ITK and BTK. Our comprehensive molecular and phenotypic analysis confirms ITK as an irreversible T-cell target of ibrutinib. Using ibrutinib clinical trial samples along with well-characterized neoplastic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia), parasitic infection (Leishmania major), and infectious disease (Listeria monocytogenes) models, we establish ibrutinib as a clinically relevant and physiologically potent ITK inhibitor with broad therapeutic utility. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01105247 and #NCT01217749.
In utero gene therapy rescues microcephaly caused by Pqbp1-hypofunction in neural stem progenitor cells (2014)

Human mutations in PQBP1, a molecule involved in transcription and splicing, result in a reduced but architecturally normal brain. Examination of a conditional Pqbp1-knockout (cKO) mouse with microcephaly failed to reveal either abnormal centrosomes or mitotic spindles, increased neurogenesis from the neural stem progenitor cell (NSPC) pool or increased cell death in vivo. Instead, we observed an increase in the length of the cell cycle, particularly for the M phase in NSPCs. Corresponding to the developmental expression of Pqbp1, the stem cell pool in vivo was decreased at E10 and remained at a low level during neurogenesis (E15) in Pqbp1-cKO mice. The expression profiles of NSPCs derived from the cKO mouse revealed significant changes in gene groups that control the M phase, including anaphase-promoting complex genes, via aberrant transcription and RNA splicing. Exogenous Apc4, a hub protein in the network of affected genes, recovered the cell cycle, proliferation, and cell phenotypes of NSPCs caused by Pqbp1-cKO. These data reveal a mechanism of brain size control based on the simple reduction of the NSPC pool by cell cycle time elongation. Finally, we demonstrated that in utero gene therapy for Pqbp1-cKO mice by intraperitoneal injection of the PQBP1-AAV vector at E10 successfully rescued microcephaly with preserved cortical structures and improved behavioral abnormalities in Pqbp1-cKO mice, opening a new strategy for treating this intractable developmental disorder.
Natural occurrence of decarbamoylsaxitoxin in tropical dinoflagellate and bivalves. (1983)

The incidence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in tropical and subtropical waters has only become knownin recent years. Worth et al.1} were the first to report outbreaks of PSP-like shellfish poisoning in Papua New
Bacterial Adhesins: Common Themes and Variations in Architecture and Assembly (1999)

Among the earliest events in many bacterial infections are the molecular interactions that occur between the pathogen and host cells. These interactions are typically required for extracellular colonization or internalization to occur and may involve a complex cascade of molecular cross talk at the
Selective Labeling of Proteins by Using Protein Farnesyltransferase (2006)

The challenging task of identifying and studying protein function has been greatly aided by labeling proteins with reporter groups. Here, we present a strategy that utilizes an enzyme that labels a four-residue sequence appended onto the C terminus of a protein, with an alkyne-containing substrate. By using a bio-orthogonal cycloaddition reaction, a fluorophore that carried an azide moiety was then covalently coupled to the alkyne appended on the protein. FRET was used to calculate a Förster (R) distance of 40 A between the eGFP chromophore and the newly appended Texas Red fluorophore. This experimental value is in good agreement with the predicted R value determined by using molecular modeling. The small recognition tag, the high specificity of the enzyme, and the orthogonal nature of the derivatization reaction will make this approach highly useful in protein chemistry.