gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinate role for cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and alpha 4 beta 1 integrin in mediating melanoma cell adhesion to fibronectin. (1992)

Cellular recognition and adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) has a complex molecular basis, involving both integrins and cell surface proteoglycans (PG). The current studies have used specific inhibitors of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) synthesis along with anti-alpha 4 integrin subunit monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate that human melanoma cell adhesion to an A-chain derived, 33-kD carboxyl-terminal heparin binding fragment of human plasma fibronectin (FN) involves both cell surface CSPG and alpha 4 beta 1 integrin. A direct role for cell surface CSPG in mediating melanoma cell adhesion to this FN fragment was demonstrated by the identification of a cationic synthetic peptide, termed FN-C/H-III, within the fragment. FN-C/H-III is located close to the amino terminal end of the fragment, representing residues #1721-1736 of intact FN. FN-C/H-III binds CSPG directly, can inhibit CSPG binding to the fragment, and promotes melanoma cell adhesion by a CSPG-dependent, alpha 4 beta 1 integrin-independent mechanism. A scrambled version of FN-C/H-III does not inhibit CSPG binding or cell adhesion to the fragment or to FN-C/H-III, indicating that the primary sequence of FN-C/H-III is important for its biological properties. Previous studies have identified three other synthetic peptides from within this 33-kD FN fragment that promote cell adhesion by an arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) independent mechanism. Two of these synthetic peptides (FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-II) bind heparin and promote cell adhesion, implicating cell surface PG in mediating cellular recognition of these two peptides. Additionally, a third synthetic peptide, CS1, is located in close proximity to FN-C/H-I and FN-C/H-II and it promotes cell adhesion by an alpha 4 beta 1 integrin-dependent mechanism. In contrast to FN-C/H-III, cellular recognition of these three peptides involved contributions from both CSPG and alpha 4 integrin subunits. Of particular importance are observations demonstrating that CS1-mediated melanoma cell adhesion could be inhibited by interfering with CSPG synthesis or expression. Since CS1 does not bind CSPG, the results suggest that CSPG may modify the function and/or activity of alpha 4 beta 1 integrin on the surface of human melanoma cells. Together, these results support a model in which the PG and integrin binding sites within the 33-kD fragment may act in concert to focus these two cell adhesion receptors into close proximity on the cell surface, thereby influencing initial cellular recognition events that contribute to melanoma cell adhesion on this fragment.
A Comprehensive Review on Separation Methods and Techniques for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Structural control of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is attracting enormous interest in view of their applications to nanoelectronics and nanooptics. Actually, more than 200 papers regarding separation of SWNTs have been published since 1998. In this review, they are classified into the following five sections according to the separation methods; electrophoresis, centrifugation, chromatography, selective solubilization and selective reaction. In each method, all literature is summarized in tables showing the separated objects (metallic/semiconducting (M/S), length, diameter, (<i>n</i>, <i>m</i>) structure and/or handedness), the production process of the used SWNTs (CoMoCAT, HiPco, arc discharge and/or laser vaporization) and the employed chemicals, such as detergents and polymers. Changes in annual number of publications related to this subject are also discussed.
Levetiracetam improves verbal memory in high-grade glioma patients (2012)

Neither levetiracetam nor valproic acid was associated with additional cognitive deficits in HGG patients. Both AEDs even appeared to have a beneficial effect on verbal memory in these patients.
Performance Aspects of Navigation Systems for GNSS-Based Road User Charging (2010)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) appear to be today the most flexible and cost-efficient technology for deploying road user charging (RUC) systems. However, the deployment of a successful GNSS-based EFC system implies a number of GNSS issues such as the availability, accuracy and reliability of the measurements, as long as some others related to possible aiding sensors or digital cartography. This paper focuses on these aspects, and how these can be influenced by the use of aiding sensors and digital cartography, providing analyses and recommendations of interest for the RUC community.
Lipids, Proteins, and Structure of Seed Oil Bodies from Diverse Species (1993)

Oil bodies isolated from the mature seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linus usitatis simum), maize (Zea mays L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) had average diameters that were different but within a narrow range (0.6-2.0 [mu]m), as measured from electron micrographs of serial sections. Their contents of triacylglycerols (TAG), phospholipids, and proteins (oleosins) were correlated with their sizes. The correlation fits a formula that describes a spherical particle surrounded by a shell of a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with oleosins. Oil bodies from the various species contained substantial amounts of the uncommon negatively charged phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as small amounts of free fatty acids. These acidic lipids are assumed to interact with the basic amino acid residues of the oleosins on the surface of the phospholipid layer. Isoelectrofocusing revealed that the oil bodies from the various species had an isoelectric point of 5.7 to 6.6 and thus possessed a negatively charged surface at neutral pH. We conclude that seed oil bodies from diverse species are very similar in structure. In rapeseed during maturation, TAG and oleosins accumulated concomitantly. TAG-synthesizing acyltransferase activities appeared at an earlier stage and peaked during the active period of TAG accumulation. The concomitant accumulation of TAG and oleosins is similar to that reported earlier for maize and soybean, and the finding has an implication for the mode of oil body synthesis during seed maturation.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (2010)

The differential diagnosis between multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis has major prognostic and therapeutic implications for the patient. As originally defined, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an acute monophasic disease that requires early anti-inflammatory treatment, whereas long-term immunomodulatory therapies are considered unnecessary due to the self-limiting nature of the disease. In contrast, multiple sclerosis in most patients is a long-lasting chronic disease, characterized by relapses and remissions, which may finally transform into a progressive disease. Thus, long-term immunomodulatory or imunosuppressive treatment must be considered. The distinction between these two entities is particularly important in patients presenting with severe or fulminant disease onset. In recent years, new diagnostic criteria have been developed for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (DeSeze et al. , 2007; Krupp et al. , 2007; Tenembaum et al. , 2007) and multiple sclerosis (McDonald et al. , 2001; Polman et al. , 2005), which may help the neurologist to differentiate these diseases at their initial presentation. Although these criteria in overall are useful, they are far from perfect. Major problems appear in patients with a very aggressive disease onset and widespread brain lesions, in whom the distinction between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and early multiple sclerosis may become apparent only after prolonged follow-up of the individual patient. Furthermore, although recurrent or even relapsing forms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis have been described in recent years, these disease entities are, as yet, poorly defined from the perspective of neuropathology (Tenembaum et al. , 2007).

Pathology is generally regarded as the gold standard in defining different forms of inflammatory demyelinating diseases (Adams and Kubik, 1952; Alvord, 1985; Wegner, 2005). Classical acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is predominantly an inflammatory disease, in which demyelination is sparse and restricted to …
Daxx is an H3.3-specific histone chaperone and cooperates with ATRX in replication-independent chromatin assembly at telomeres (2010)

The histone variant H3.3 is implicated in the formation and maintenance of specialized chromatin structure in metazoan cells. H3.3-containing nucleosomes are assembled in a replication-independent manner by means of dedicated chaperone proteins. We previously identified the death domain associated protein (Daxx) and the alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation protein (ATRX) as H3.3-associated proteins. Here, we report that the highly conserved N terminus of Daxx interacts directly with variant-specific residues in the H3.3 core. Recombinant Daxx assembles H3.3/H4 tetramers on DNA templates, and the ATRX-Daxx complex catalyzes the deposition and remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. We find that the ATRX-Daxx complex is bound to telomeric chromatin, and that both components of this complex are required for H3.3 deposition at telomeres in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These data demonstrate that Daxx functions as an H3.3-specific chaperone and facilitates the deposition of H3.3 at heterochromatin loci in the context of the ATRX-Daxx complex.
Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov: Gram-Negative, Xylem-Limited, Fastidious Plant Bacteria Related to Xanthomonas spp. (1987)

Twenty-five phenotypically and genotypically similar strains of a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium were isolated from 10 plant disease sources including Pierce’s disease of grapevines, phony disease of peach, periwinkle wilt, and leaf scorches of almond, plum, elm, sycamore, oak, and mulberry. The cells were single (occasionally filamentous), nonmotile, aflagellate straight rods (0.25 to 0.35 by 0.9 to 3.5 μm). They were gram negative, catalase positive, and oxidase negative, utilized hippurate, and produced gelatinase and often beta-lactamase but not beta-galactosidase, coagulase, lipase, amylase, phosphatase, indole, or H2S. The bacteria were strict aerobes with optimum growth at 26 to 28°C and pH 6.5 to 6.9 and had doubling times of 0.45 to 1.98 days in periwinkle wilt broth. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Pierce’s disease bacterium reacted with all strains. DNA composition was 51 to 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine, and strains were at least 85% related in DNA hybridization. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid related them to the xanthomonads. These bacteria form a distinct group, and the name Xylella fastidiosa is proposed, establishing a new genus with one species in the gamma subgroup of the eubacteria. Strain PCE-RR (ATCC 35879) is designated as the type strain.
Renal denervation to treat resistant hypertension: Guarded optimism (2012)

Renal sympathetic denervation has shown promise in treating hypertension resistant to drug therapy. This procedure lowers blood pressure via targeted attenuation of renal sympathetic tone, and it has a favorable safety profile. But although there is reason for cautious optimism, we should keep in mind that the mechanisms of hypertension are complex and multifactorial, and further study of this novel therapy and its long-term effects is needed.
A Boron-Substituted Analogue of the Shvo Hydrogenation Catalyst: Catalytic Hydroboration of Aldehydes, Imines, and Ketones (2009)

The boron-substituted hydroxycycylopentadienyl ruthenium hydride [2,5-Ph2-3,4-Tol2(η5-C4COBpin)Ru(CO)2H] (Bpin = 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane) 5 was synthesized by the addition of pinacolborane to ruthenium dimer [2,5-Ph2-3,4-Tol2(η5-C4CO)Ru(CO)2]2 4. Complex 5 reacts with aldehydes both stoichiometrically and catalytically, providing hydroboration products under mild reaction conditions. A Hammett correlation plot of para-substituted benzaldehydes provided a ρ value of +0.91. Catalytic hydroboration of aryl imines provided high yields of the corresponding amines. The hydroboration of aryl ketones, however, required strongly electron-withdrawing substituents to induce hydroboration in reasonable reaction times.
Tyrosine receptor kinase B is a drug target in astrocytomas (2016)

Our findings provide evidence that constitutively activated NTRK2 alleles, notably the human tumor-associated QKI-NTRK2 fusion, can cooperate with Ink4a/Arf loss to drive astrocytoma formation. Therefore, we propose NTRK2 as a potential therapeutic target in the subset of astrocytoma patients defined by QKI-NTRK2 fusion.
HTLV-III/LAV and the monocyte/macrophage. (1986)

Three important articles 1-3 in this issue ofTHE JOURNALfocus our attention on infection of monocytes by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These articles show that a cell with the characteristics of a monocyte/macrophage is the predominantly infected cell in the brain and lung. They provide strong support for the concept that direct viral infection of these organs by HTLV-III/LAV causes central nervous system disease and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Although often overshadowed by devastating immunologic deficiency disease, a high incidence of neurological diseases, characteristically dementia with subacute encephalopathy, has been seen in HTLV-III-infected patients. In the majority of these patients, the neurological diseases were not associated with opportunistic pathogens, suggesting that the neurological disease was caused by the HTLV-III/LAV itself. Convincing evidence of the presence of the virus in the brain was first provided by Southern blot hybridization and
Vitamin D analog 25‐(OH)‐16,23E‐diene‐26,27‐hexafluoro‐vitamin D3 induces differentiation of HL60 cells with minimal effects on cellular calcium homeostasis (1996)

Numerous vitamin D3 analogs (VDAs) can inhibit the proliferation of cells from several types of human malignancies. The physiologically active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25D3), is formed by successive hydroxylations of cholecalciferol at the 25 and 1α positions. In this study we examined the effects of the absence of the 1α(OH) group, introduction of a double bond in position 16, and further modifications at the 23, 26, and 27 positions in the side chain on the potency of the VDAs. The parameters studied were the rapidity of the induction of monocytic differentiation, the cell cycle traverse, and the effects of VDAs on intracellular calcium homeostasis in HL60 cells. The results show that (1) 1,25D3 derivatives which lack the 1α(OH) group have little differentiation-inducing activity, (2) hexafluorination (6F) of the terminal methyl groups in the side chain partially restores the activity of 1α-desoxy compounds and potentiates the activity of 1α hydroxylated compounds, and (3) 25-(OH)-16,23E-diene-26,27-hexafluoro-vitamin D3 (Ro25-9887) alone among the twelve compounds tested induces differentiation with only minimal changes in the basal levels of intracellular calcium and store-dependent calcium influx in HL60 cells. Addition of 1α(OH) group to this compound increases its differentiation-inducing activity but also elevates basal calcium level. The results suggest that altered calcium homeostasis is not an obligatory component of HL60 leukemia cell differentiation, and that Ro25-9887 and related VDAs may be suitable for testing as components of anti-leukemic therapy. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An improved divergent synthesis of comb-type branched oligodeoxyribonucleotides (bDNA) containing multiple secondary sequences (1997)

The divergent synthesis of branched DNA (bDNA) comb structures is described. This new type of bDNA contains one unique oligonucleotide, the primary sequence, covalently attached through a comb-like branch network to many identical copies of a different oligonucleotide, the secondary sequence. The bDNA comb structures were assembled on a solid support and several synthesis parameters were investigated and optimized. The bDNA comb molecules were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic methods and by controlled cleavage at periodate-cleavable moieties incorporated during synthesis. The developed chemistry allows synthesis of bDNA comb molecules containing multiple secondary sequences. In the accompanying article we describe the synthesis and characterization of large bDNA combs containing all four deoxynucleotides for use as signal amplifiers in nucleic acid quantification assays.
Superconductivity and acoustic plasmons in the two-dimensional electron gas (1989)

We calculate the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ for the two-dimensional, two-component electron gas. We use an effective interaction which approximates vertex corrections by means of local-field factors, which are obtained self-consistently; this interaction includes but is not limited to the "acoustic plasmon" (AP) mode. The gap equation, which gives ${T}_{c}$, includes the full frequency dependence of the interaction. We find two main results: (i) the ${T}_{c}'\mathrm{s}$ obtained are low (mK); (ii) the AP itself essentially does not contribute to the pairing transition, which is rather due to low-frequency electron-hole pair excitations.
Automatic calibration and removal of distortion from scenes of structured environments (1995)

International audience
Alterations of the Amino Terminus of Murine Interferon-γ: Expression and Biological Activity (1988)

To examine the relationship of murine interferon-gamma (MuIFN-gamma) protein structure to its biological function, several analogs (amino-terminal deletions) of MuIFN-gamma (type II IFN) have been constructed using synthetic oligonucleotide-directed primer repair. High-level expression was achieved through evaluation of such parameters as plasmid origin of replication, antibiotic resistance markers, and host background. The antiviral activity of these analogs varied depending upon the number of amino acids deleted. When the first nine amino acids of IFN-gamma were eliminated (10-136 analog), the protein product lacked detectable antiviral activity. The 10-136 analog but not the 12-136 analog was detectable by Western blots or Coomassie staining of protein gels. These results present the high-level (optimized) expression of several analogs of MuIFN-gamma and further define the role of the amino terminus of the protein with respect to antiviral activity.
Analysis of the prognostic effects of inclusion in a clinical trial and of myelosuppression on survival after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma (2001)

BACKGROUND Treatment-related factors that might influence survival after adjuvant treatment for breast carcinoma include treatment as part of a clinical trial, toxicity of treatment, the regimen and schedule used, and dose intensity. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of 680 patients with breast carcinoma who received adjuvant treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) at Princess Margaret Hospital between 1980–1990. They analyzed the effects on survival of inclusion in a clinical trial (n = 160) and of experiencing Grade 3/4 myelosuppression (according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) (n = 227, with available data for 584 patients). In an exploratory analysis, the authors examined the effects of the CMF regimen (“classic” CMF [n = 417] vs. intravenous CMF [n = 243]) and of relative dose intensity. Each of these factors was tested in a Cox proportional hazards model with the known prognostic factors of N classification, T classification, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, and use of adjuvant hormonal therapy to determine whether they provided additional prognostic information. RESULTS In univariate analysis, inclusion in a clinical trial was associated with better survival (P = 0.02) with a nonsignificant trend when corrected for other prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–1.04). There was a similar trend for patients experiencing myelosuppression (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–1.00). In exploratory analysis the use of classic CMF, with higher absolute dose intensity, also was associated with a trend toward improved survival (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–1.00). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suffer from the inherent problems of retrospective analysis, but, similar to findings for other disease sites, they suggest that patients included in clinical trials have better outcome. Classic CMF should be used when this regimen is selected for adjuvant treatment, and dose adjustment resulting in moderate myelosuppression should be explored in future clinical trials. Cancer 2001;91:2246–57. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Headache in primary care (1999)

1. Introduction for the primary care physician Classification and diagnosis of headache 2. Epidemiology and impact of headache disorders 3. Diagnostic testing and ominous causes of headache 4. Pathophysiology of primary headache 5. Migraine, diagnosis and treatment 6. Tension- type headache: diagnosis and treatment 7. Chronic daily headache: diagnosis and treatment 8. Cluster headache and short-lasting and related hemicranias: diagnosis and treatment 9. Post-traumatic headache 10. Headache associated with non-vascular intracranial disease 11. Headache associated with vascular disease 12. Sinus headache 13. Headache associated with CNS infection 14. Pregnancy, breast feeding and headache 15. Geriatric headache
Direct visualization of binding, aggregation, and internalization of insulin and epidermal growth factor on living fibroblastic cells (1978)

We have studied in detail the binding of fluorescent derivatives of insulin and epidermal growth factor to 3T3 fibroblasts. We have used two types of fluorescent analogues of insulin and epidermal growth factor: highly fluorescent derivatives which have seven to eight rhodamine molecules or fluorescent derivatives which have a single rhodamine molecule per one molecule of insulin or epidermal growth factor. Both types of analogue retained substantial binding affinity as determined by radioreceptor assays and biological activity. The cells labeled with the fluorescent analogues were visualized with a sensitive video intensification microscopic system that enabled us to directly observe the location of the fluorescent hormone on the surface and within the living fibroblasts. We found that both insulin and epidermal growth factor initially bound diffusely to the cell surface and, at 4 degrees , remained dispersed. Within a few minutes at 23 degrees or 37 degrees the hormone-receptor complexes aggregated into patches that could be readily removed by trypsin but not by excess native hormone. The hormone-receptor complexes, which were initially mobile in the plane of the membrane, become immobilized later as the consequence of the receptor aggregation or internalization. Within approximately 30 min at 37 degrees , much of the labeled hormone was found within the cell in endocytic vesicles that moved about in the cytoplasm in a saltatory manner. The aggregation and immobilization of the hormone-receptor complexes could be due to either hormone-hormone interactions on the cell membrane or a hormone-induced conformational change in the hormone-receptor complex. Aggregation and internalization of hormone-receptor complexes could be associated with certain aspects of hormone action, hormone degradation, down regulation of receptors, or negative cooperativity of hormone binding.