gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc Finger Protein 451 Is a Novel Smad Corepressor in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling (2013)

ZNF451 is a transcriptional cofactor localized to promyelocytic leukemia bodies. Here, we present evidence demonstrating that ZNF451 physically interacts with Smad3/4 and functionally inhibits TGF-β signaling. Increased expression of ZNF451 attenuates TGF-β-induced growth inhibitory and gene transcriptional responses, whereas depletion of ZNF451 enhances TGF-β responses. Mechanistically, ZNF451 blocks the ability of Smad3/4 to recruit p300 in response to TGF-β, which causes reduction of histone H3K9 acetylation on the promoters of TGF-β target genes. Taken together, ZNF451 acts as a transcriptional corepressor for Smad3/4 and negatively regulates TGF-β signaling.
Wavelet leader based multifractal analysis of heart rate variability during myocardial ischaemia (2010)

Heart rate variability is a non invasive and indirect measure of the autonomic control of the heart. Therefore, alterations to this control system caused by myocardial ischaemia are reflected in changes in the complex and irregular fluctuations of this signal. Multifractal analysis is a well suited tool for the analysis of this kind of fluctuations, since it gives a description of the singular behavior of a signal. Recently, a new approach for multifractal analysis was proposed, the wavelet leader based multifractal formalism, which shows remarkable improvements over previous methods. In order to characterize and detect ischaemic episodes, in this work we propose to perform a short-time windowed wavelet leader based multifractal analysis. Our results suggest that this new method provides appropriate indexes that could be used as a tool for the detection of myocardial ischaemia.
Transformation by human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7: role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. (1996)

Human papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 inactivate the tumor suppressors p53 and pRB, respectively, and cooperate during malignant transformation, but the downstream molecular events remain incompletely understood. Using fibroblast cell lines derived from mice with a homozygous disruption of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene (R- cells) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, we have stably transfected plasmids encoding E6 and E7 proteins and examined their transforming potential in these cells. Consistent with previous studies using NIH3T3 cells, pooled cultures of E7-transfected WT cells readily formed colonies after suspension in soft agar. In contrast, R- cells were not transformed by E7. E6 had little transforming activity in WT (WT/E6) or R- (R-/E6) cells. However, transfection of R- cells with E6 plus E7 resulted in extensive colony formation. Because IGF-1R and E6 appear to be functionally equivalent in this transformation assay and both have been implicated in antiapoptotic responses, we investigated the apoptotic responses of the cells after exposure to the potent protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine. Compared to WT cells, R- cells were relatively resistant to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, but susceptibility to staurosporine was decreased in both WT/E6 and R-/E6 cells relative to WT and R- cells transfected with mock vector, respectively. In fibroblast cells from p53 gene knockout mice, transfection with E6 also conferred relative resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that transformation by E7 requires the participation of the IGF-1R and that E6 may assist E7 in transforming R- cells by functionally substituting for the IGF-1R. Because IGF-1R activated by its ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2) protects cells from apoptosis, the role of the IGF-1R and E6 in transformation by E7 is probably related to the recruitment of survival pathways. In addition, because E6 suppressed apoptosis in p53 knockout cells, our data also suggest that E6 may participate in a p53-independent process that protects cells from apoptosis.
Visualizing histories for selective undo and redo (2002)

Today's interactive systems have provided sophisticated recovery tools that help protect users from their own mistakes. Although many graphical and direct manipulation user interfaces have undo/redo capabilities that allow the user to reverse erroneous actions, their undo/redo tools present only command history of textual representation which make if difficult for the user to identify the desired command and state. The authors present a way of visualizing the history of graphical editing systems, and an object-based history searching method for the graphical history, so that users would find it convenient and efficient to use undo/redo functions for their graphical manipulations. Considering that every change of the graphical editor window resembles an instance within a single continuum of visual history, they developed a visualized history view to this mechanism, listing "history snapshots"-the results to each command -to be presented as the command. They also found that it would be better if one provides several layouts of the history view to the user, in the case of different demands and situations. Considering the psychology of users when searching for a history command, they provide an object-grouped history searching method, in which only the history concerning a specified object is visible, for an efficient search. Supplemented with some other functions such as searching and turning over a comic strip, this visualized history will help users recall their operating history more easily and efficiently.
Early initiation of arginine vasopressin infusion in neonates after complex cardiac surgery* (2011)

Low-dose arginine vasopressin infusion initiated in the operating room after complex neonatal cardiac surgery was associated with decreased fluid resuscitation and catecholamine requirements in the first 24 postoperative hours.
Loss of the interchain disulfide peptide and dissociation of the tetramer following limited proteolysis of native human serum cholinesterase. (1982)

The tetramer appears to be a prolate ellipsoid (3) and contains four active sites/molecule (4).This structure is similar to the globular tetrameric form of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)(5-7).The cholinesterase in human plasma seems to lack a collagen-like tail.Cholinesterases that do have a tail include the butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase from chicken muscle (8) and rat tissues (9), as well as acetylcholinesterase from electric eel (IO), 12012
Aggregate-based query processing in a parallel data warehouse server (1999)

In the last years data warehousing has emerged as a fundamental database technology providing the basis for online analytical processing (OLAP). In general, analytical queries involve aggregations of large data sets. This results in serious performance problems if ad-hoc queries are to be answered online. One method to avoid performance bottlenecks is to use parallel hardware, i.e. SMP or MPP machines which are able to cope with the data volume. Another optimization approach specific to data warehousing is to preaggregate some of the results in order to avoid scanning the base relations. The prototypical OLAP system CUBESTAR PARALLEL SERVER combines both approaches. In order to achieve high query performance with low hardware costs, we present a technique for the dynamic, i.e. query-behavior and load-dependent, use and management of multidimensional aggregates in a shared-nothing workstation cluster.
Efficient and timely mutual authentication (1987)

This paper describes a protocol for efficient mutual authentication (via a mutually trusted third party) that assures both principal parties of the timeliness of the interaction without the use of clocks or double encipherment. The protocol requires a total of only four messages to be exchanged between the three parties concerned.
125I-labelled Human Interferons Alpha, Beta and Gamma: Comparative Receptor-binding Data (1985)

Binding of 125I-labelled human recombinant DNA interferons (IFNs) alpha-2, beta and gamma was compared on various human lymphoid cells and embryonic fibroblasts. While binding constants were within an order of magnitude for all three interferons (10(-10) to 10(-9) M), no competition was observed between IFN-gamma on the one hand and IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta on the other. However, consistent with previous reports, IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta competed for presumably common receptors. Depending on the cell type, binding sites for IFN-gamma were expressed in different numbers compared to those for IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-beta. These direct comparative binding studies support the hypothesis that the receptor system for IFN-gamma is unrelated to the IFN-alpha/beta system.
An Overview of Primary Dementias as Clinicopathological Entities (2019)

Dementia is a state of cognitive dysfunction which leads to functional decline. It is a syndrome caused by several medical and neurological causes, but most cases of dementia are due to "primary dementias." Primary dementias are neurological diseases whose manifestations are predominantly cognitive. Most primary dementias are caused by neurodegenerative proteinopathies where an accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to neuronal loss, neuroinflammation and glial reaction. Each proteinopathy is characterized by the type of protein implicated in its pathophysiology. Neurodegenerative dementias include the most prevalent cause of dementia-Alzheimer's disease-as well as Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia, frontotemporal dementias, and prion diseases. Vascular dementia, especially small vessel disease, though not a neurodegenerative condition, is often grouped together with primary dementias. Each type of proteinopathy, characterized by the location and nature of misfolded protein accumulation, may correspond to a particular clinical phenotype. The correspondence between pathologies and clinical phenotypes is not exclusive, and there is a large degree of overlap. Although in the research setting the clinicopathological construct is on the wane, in the clinic it is the most practical way of approaching primary dementias. In this article, we introduce the clinicopathological construct, the understanding of which will form the basis of the other articles in this volume.
Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures (2003)

We consider routing security in wireless sensor networks. Many sensor network routing protocols have been proposed, but none of them have been designed with security as a goal. We propose security goals for routing in sensor networks, show how attacks against ad-hoc and peer-to-peer networks can be adapted into powerful attacks against sensor networks, introduce two classes of novel attacks against sensor networks sinkholes and HELLO floods, and analyze the security of all the major sensor network routing protocols. We describe crippling attacks against all of them and suggest countermeasures and design considerations. This is the first such analysis of secure routing in sensor networks.
Peptide-mediated surface-immobilized quantum dot hybrid nanoassemblies with controlled photoluminescence (2006)

Combinatorially selected peptides and peptide–organic conjugates were used as linkers with controlled structural and organizational conformations to attach quantum dots (QDs) at addressable distances from a metal surface. This study demonstrates an approach towards nanophotonics by integrating inorganic, organic, and biological constructs to form hybrid nanoassemblies through template-directed self-assembly. Peptide–organic-linked QD arrays showed stronger fluorescence than peptide-linked QD arrays. We attribute this difference primarily to the increased number density of QDs on peptide–organic-linked QD arrays.
New Synthesis of Naratriptan (2006)

A new synthesis of N-methyl-3-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1H-indole-5ethanesulfonamide (naratriptan, 1a) has been elaborated starting from 1-benzyl-1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde (14b).The 1-benzyl group proved to be an advantageous protecting group in the course of the construction of the ethanesulfonamide and methylpipieridinyl side-chains and it was removed in the last step of the synthesis.Naratriptan (1a) is an important drug for the treatment of acute attacks of migraine exhibiting high affinity for 5-HT 1D receptors, a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor subtype. 1 The methods previously described for the synthesis of naratriptan are shown in Scheme 1.The synthetic routes starting from 5-bromoindole (2) and differ in the sequence of introduction of the substituents and in the execution of the saturation of the primarily formed side-chains.In the most economical process doubly unsaturated intermediate ( 5) was prepared, either via 3 or 4a and both side-chains were hydrogenated in the last step.The reduction of the side-chains of intermediates (3 and 4a) can also be carried out prior to the introduction of the second side-chain (see 6, 7 and 8a, 9a). 2 Recently we have disclosed a new synthesis of naratriptan (1a) starting from 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (Scheme 2). 3 Aniline derivative (10) was submitted to Sundberg type indole synthesis.Cyclisation of compound (11) followed by introduction of the N-methylpiperidinyl moiety into the 3-position of indole (12) afforded N-benzyl-sulfonamide (13), which was debenzylated to naratriptan (1a).In continuation of our efforts for a more economical manufacturing synthesis of naratriptan we examined a synthesis starting from 1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde (14a).Since the methods available in the literature for the synthesis of aldehyde (14a) were unsuited for scaling up, we elaborated a new and efficient synthesis of this compound. 4Unfortunately, condensation of aldehyde (14a) with methanesulfonamide (15)
Exploring the Active Site of Amine:Pyruvate Aminotransferase on the Basis of the Substrate Structure−Reactivity Relationship:  How the Enzyme Controls Substrate Specificity and Stereoselectivity (2002)

An active site model of the amine:pyruvate aminotransferase (APA) from Vibrio fluvialis JS17 was constructed on the basis of the relationship between substrate structure and reactivity. Due to the broad substrate specificity of the APA, various amino donors (chiral and achiral amine, amino acid, and amino acid derivative) and amino acceptors (keto acid, keto ester, aldehyde, and ketone) were used to explore the active site structure. The result suggested a two-binding site model consisting of two pockets, one large (L) and the other small (S). The difference in the size of each binding pocket and strong repulsion for a carboxylate in the S pocket were key determinants to control its substrate specificity and stereoselectivity. The L pocket showed dual recognition mode for both hydrophobic and carboxyl groups as observed in the side-chain pockets of aspartate aminotransferase and aromatic aminotransferase. Comparison of the model with those of other aminotransferases revealed that the L and S pockets corresponded to carboxylate trap and side-chain pocket, respectively. The active site model successfully explains the observed substrate specificity as well as the stereoselectivity of the APA.
Characterizing processor architectures for programmable network interfaces (2014)

The rapid advancements of networking technology have boosted potential bandwidth to the point that the cabling is no longer the bottleneck. Rather, the bottlenecks lie at the crossing points, the nodes of the network, where data traffic is intercepted or forwarded. As a result, there has been tremendous interest in speeding those nodes, making the equipment run faster by means of specialized chips to handle data trafficking. The Network Processor is the blanket name thrown over such chips in their varied forms. To date, no performance data exist to aid in the decision of what processor architecture to use in next generation network processor. Our goal is to remedy this situation. In this study, we characterize both the application workloads that network processors need to support as well as emerging applications that we anticipate may be supported in the future. Then, we consider the performance of three sample benchmarks drawn from these workloads on several state-of-the-art processor architectures, including: an aggressive, out-of-order, speculative super-scalar processor, a fine-grained multithreaded processor, a single chip multiprocessor, and a simultaneous multithreaded processor (SMT). The network interface environment is simulated in detail, and our results indicate that SMT is the architecture best suited to this environment.
Bilayers and Interdigitation in Block Copolymer Vesicles (2005)

Amphiphilic block copolyethers assemble into membranes with thickness between 2.4 and 7.5 nm. The vesicular morphology has been confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering combined with electron microscopy for diblock copolymers and triblock copolymers of both architectures. The scaling of the membrane thicknesses with the length of the hydrophobic block is in good agreement with the strong segregation theory for block copolymer melts, indicating a mixed and stretched conformation of the hydrophobic chain inside the vesicle membrane. This result is in contrast to previously published results where the hydrophobic membranes were observed to have bilayer geometry and polymer chains that are relatively unperturbed from their ideal Gaussian dimensions.
Diversity of Dicotyledenous-Infecting Geminiviruses and Their Associated DNA Molecules in Southern Africa, Including the South-West Indian Ocean Islands (2012)

The family Geminiviridae comprises a group of plant-infecting circular ssDNA viruses that severely constrain agricultural production throughout the temperate regions of the world, and are a particularly serious threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. While geminiviruses exhibit considerable diversity in terms of their nucleotide sequences, genome structures, host ranges and insect vectors, the best characterised and economically most important of these viruses are those in the genus Begomovirus. Whereas begomoviruses are generally considered to be either monopartite (one ssDNA component) or bipartite (two circular ssDNA components called DNA-A and DNA-B), many apparently monopartite begomoviruses are associated with additional subviral ssDNA satellite components, called alpha- (DNA-αs) or betasatellites (DNA-βs). Additionally, subgenomic molecules, also known as defective interfering (DIs) DNAs that are usually derived from the parent helper virus through deletions of parts of its genome, are also associated with bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses. The past three decades have witnessed the emergence and diversification of various new begomoviral species and associated DI DNAs, in southern Africa, East Africa, and proximal Indian Ocean islands, which today threaten important vegetable and commercial crops such as, tobacco, cassava, tomato, sweet potato, and beans. This review aims to describe what is known about these viruses and their impacts on sustainable production in this sensitive region of the world.
Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water:  Influence of the Dry Matter Content and the Formation of Phenols (2003)

Biomass was gasified in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at 500 °C and various pressures (30−50 MPa), reaction times (1.5−10.5 min), and dry matter contents (1.8−5.4 wt %) of the biomass. These results are compared with the results of experiments in a batch reactor, which was heated to 500 °C with two different heating rates (1 and 3 K/min) using two different dry matter contents (5 and 7.5 wt %). Key compounds for different reaction pathways, in particular phenols, were analyzed. The results concerning the dependence of the dry matter content on the gas formation, total organic carbon content, and phenols concentration are very different. In the CSTR the increase of the dry matter content leads to an increased gas yield, in particular of CH4, and the phenols yield increases. This was not found in the batch reactor. The possible reasons are discussed.
Tailoring treatment to the individual in type 2 diabetes practical guidance from theGlobal Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management (2010)

Good glycaemic control continues to be the most effective therapeutic manoeuvre to reduce the risk of development and/or progression of microvascular disease, and therefore remains the cornerstone of diabetes management despite recent scepticism about tight glucose control strategies. The impact on macrovascular complications is still a matter of debate, and so glycaemic control strategies should be placed in the context of multifactorial intervention to address all cardiovascular risk factors. Approaches to achieve glycaemic targets should always ensure patient safety, and results from recent landmark outcome studies support the need for appropriate individualisation of glycaemic targets and of the means to achieve these targets, with the ultimate aim to optimise outcomes and minimise adverse events, such as hypoglycaemia and marked weight gain. The primary goal of the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management is the provision of practical guidance to improve patient outcomes and, in this article, we aim to support healthcare professionals in appropriately tailoring type 2 diabetes treatment to the individual. Patient groups requiring special consideration are identified, including newly diagnosed individuals with type 2 diabetes but no complications, individuals with a history of inadequate glycaemic control, those with a history of cardiovascular disease, children and individuals at risk of hypoglycaemia. Practical guidance specific to each group is provided.
Targeting Tyrosine Phosphorylation of PCNA Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth (2011)

The proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a critical protein required for DNA replication in proliferating cells including cancer cells. However, direct inhibition of PCNA in cancer cells has been difficult due to the lack of targetable sites. We previously reported that phosphorylation of tyrosine 211 (Y211) on PCNA is important for the proliferative function of PCNA when this protein is associated with the chromatin in cancer cells. Here, we show that the Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA is a frequent event in advanced prostate cancer. To explore the potential of this signaling event in inhibition of cancer cell growth, we used a synthetic peptide, the Y211F peptide, which when present inhibits phosphorylation of Y211 on endogenous PCNA. Treatment with this peptide, but not a scrambled control peptide, resulted in S-phase arrest, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and enhanced cell death in a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, treatment with the Y211F peptide led to decreased tumor growth in PC3-derived xenograft tumors in vivo in nude mice. Our study shows for the first time that PCNA phosphorylation at Y211 is a frequent and biologically important signaling event in prostate cancer. This study also shows a proof of concept that Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA may be used as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer cells, including cells of advanced cancers that are refractory to standard hormonal therapies.