gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ONCOLYSIS BY CLOSTRIDIA. IV. EFFECT OF NONPATHOGENIC CLOSTRIDIAL SPORES IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL TISSUES. (1964)

Summary Localization and germination of intravenously injected spores of nonpathogenic clostridia have been demonstrated in necrotic areas in kidney infarcts, in tubercular lesions, and in CaCl 2 -induced necroses. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue, but not of any viable tissue, was observed in the kidney infarcts and the CaCl 2 lesions but not in the tubercular lesions. There was no indication of toxin production by any of the clostridial species tested. The quantitative differences between the effects of spores on necrotic areas in normal tissues and in malignant tissues are discussed. Intravenous injection of spores of nonpathogenic clostridia produced a moderate pyrogenic response in rabbits. There was no evidence that this response is a property of the spores per se or had any effect on oncolysis by spores. The intravenous injection of very large doses of spores into normal mice did not produce gross or microscopic pathological effects, except and moderate enlargement of the spleen. Retention of small numbers of clostridia in liver and spleen has been demonstrated for as long as 8 weeks after a single injection of a large number of spores.
Induction, growth and antibiotic production of Streptomyces viridifaciens L-form bacteria (2001)

Stable Streptomyces L-forms were induced and have potential as biocontrol agents.
A structure preserving energy function for power system transient stability analysis (1985)

A new model is proposed for the study of transient stability where the load is modeled as a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PQ</tex> bus. Flux decay of the generator field winding is included. The original network topology is maintained explicitly. An energy function is proposed which differs from the traditional one in that it includes additional terms corresponding to the energy stored in the loads and field winding. A characterization of the stability region is derived based on this energy function.
Alternative Intracellular Routing of ErbB Receptors May Determine Signaling Potency (1998)

The ErbB signaling module consists of four receptor tyrosine kinases and several dozen ligands that activate specific homo- and heterodimeric complexes of ErbB proteins. Combinatorial ligand/receptor/effector interactions allow large potential for signal diversification. Here we addressed the possibility that turn-off mechanisms enhance the diversification potential. Concentrating on ErbB-1 and two of its ligands, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), and the Neu differentiation factor (NDF/neuregulin) and one of its receptors, ErbB-3, we show that ligand binding variably accelerates endocytosis of the respective ligand-receptor complex. However, unlike the EGF-activated ErbB-1, which is destined primarily to degradation in lysosomes, NDF and TGF-alpha direct their receptors to recycling, probably because these ligands dissociate from their receptors earlier along the endocytic pathway. In the case of NDF, structural, as well as biochemical, analyses imply that ligand degradation occurs at a relatively late endosomal stage. Attenuation of receptor down-regulation by this mechanism apparently confers to both NDF and TGF-alpha more potent and prolonged signaling activity. In conclusion, alternative endocytic trafficking of ligand-ErbB complexes may tune and diversify signal transduction by EGF family ligands.
A Hybrid Nanoparticle Probe for Dual‐Modality Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

Für gute Bilder: Eine gemeinsame Sonde für die Positronenemissions- (PET) und die Kernspintomographie (MRI) zeichnet sich durch hohe kolloidale Stabilität und einfache Verknüpfbarkeit aus. Wächterlymphknoten sind wegen der Komplementarität der Techniken im Fusionsbild deutlich zu erkennen (siehe Bild; I: Injektionsstelle), was genaue anatomische Informationen liefert und fehlerfreie Diagnosen ermöglicht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z801369_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection of Campylobacter pylori in stomach tissue by DNA in situ hybridisation. (1989)

A non-radioactive DNA in situ hybridisation (DISH) protocol was developed. It requires the use of biotinylated Campylobacter pylori DNA as the probe to detect C pylori DNA in routinely embedded stomach biopsy specimens. In sequential tissue samples from a 58 year old woman with recurrent chronic active gastritis the C pylori probe hybridised with bacteria whenever they were histologically visible. When no bacteria were visible histologically, hybridisation was negative with one exception. In a single biopsy specimen without visible C pylori, hybridisation occurred with the surface of the antrum epithelium, while control hybridisation with a heterologous probe remained negative. From a parallel biopsy specimen taken at the same time the C pylori culture was positive. It is concluded that DISH, although more laborious than routine staining techniques, may be more sensitive in that it detects bacteria very easily, even when sections are not counterstained or when they are present in low numbers, and that bacteria which do hybridise are unequivocally identified as C pylori and not Campylobacter-like organisms.
Comparison of Natuphos and Phyzyme as Phytase Sources for Commercial Layers Fed Corn-Soy Diet (2006)

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of 2 sources of phytase on performance of commercial Leghorns fed corn-soy diets. Seven diets were fed to Hy-line W-36 hens (n = 840; 8 replicates of 15 hens per treatment) from 21 to 33 wk of age. The treatments consisted of a control diet containing 0.38% nonphytate P (NPP) and a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of 2 dietary NPP concentrations (0.11 and 0.26%) with 2 phytase sources [Natuphos (BASF, Mt. Olive, NJ) and Phyzyme (Danisco Animal Nutrition, Carol Stream, IL)] and without phytase. Dietary NPP had significant effects on feed intake, NPP intake, total P intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, egg specific gravity, and excreta P. The addition of Phyzyme or Natuphos significantly increased egg production and egg mass of hens fed the P-deficient diet (0.11% NPP) to levels that were similar to hens fed the control diet containing 0.38% NPP. Feed intake of hens fed the diets supplemented with Phyzyme or Natuphos was significantly less than that of hens fed the control diet containing 0.38% NPP. Phyzyme or Natuphos supplementation in the diets containing 0.11% NPP had significantly reduced excreta P of the control diet (approximately 58 and 54%, respectively) with no adverse effect on egg production and egg mass. There were no significant differences in feed intake, NPP intake, total P intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, egg specific gravity, mortality, BW, and excreta P between the diets supplemented with Natuphos and the diets supplemented with Phyzyme. In conclusion, Phyzyme had the same positive effects on performance of commercial Leghorns fed corn-soy diets as Natuphos.
Water Soluble Photo- and Electroluminescent Alkoxy-Sulfonated Poly(p-phenylenes) Synthesized via Palladium Catalysis (1998)

Water soluble poly(p-phenylene) derivatives, poly[2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene] sodium salt (PPP−OPSO3) and poly[2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene-alt-4,4‘-biphenylene] sodium salt (PPBP−OPSO3), have been synthesized through a Suzuki coupling reaction of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)benzene sodium salt with 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid or 4,4‘-biphenyldiyldiboronic acid 2,2‘-dimethylpropyl diester using a water soluble Pd(0) catalyst or Pd(OAc)2. The pH dependence of the coupling reaction was investigated and resulted in pH independence at pH levels greater than 10.0. End group analysis of PPP−OPSO3 via 1H NMR of tert-butyl end-capped polymers indicates degrees of polymerization in excess of 40 (ca. 80 rings per chain). Viscometric analysis of PPP−OPSO3 in water shows a behavior comparable to sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) of molecular weight 8000. In addition, the polyelectrolyte effect is observed at low polymer concentrations. The λmax of the π → π* absorption for PPP−OPSO3 is found at 339−342 nm, while that of PPBP−OPSO3 shows a bathochromic shift to 349−352 nm. All of the water soluble PPP oligomers and polymers feature strong blue fluorescence. The fluorescence has been characterized by quantum yield and lifetime studies. Nanosecond−microsecond laser flash photolysis experiments indicate that direct excitation of the polymers in the near-UV leads to triplet state formation, albeit with comparatively low efficiency. Multilayered films of PPP−OPSO3 were fabricated with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) using layer-by-layer self-assembly and incorporated into blue-light-emitting devices.
Multilocus Sequence Typing for Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus (2000)

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for Staphylococcus aureus. The sequences of internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes were obtained for 155 S. aureus isolates from patients with community-acquired and hospital-acquired invasive disease in the Oxford, United Kingdom, area. Fifty-three different allelic profiles were identified, and 17 of these were represented by at least two isolates. The MLST scheme was highly discriminatory and was validated by showing that pairs of isolates with the same allelic profile produced very similar SmaI restriction fragment patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All 22 isolates with the most prevalent allelic profile were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates and had allelic profiles identical to that of a reference strain of the epidemic MRSA clone 16 (EMRSA-16). Four MRSA isolates that were identical in allelic profile to the other major epidemic MRSA clone prevalent in British hospitals (clone EMRSA-15) were also identified. The majority of isolates (81%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, and seven MSSA clones included five or more isolates. Three of the MSSA clones included at least five isolates from patients with community-acquired invasive disease and may represent virulent clones with an increased ability to cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. The most prevalent MSSA clone (17 isolates) was very closely related to EMRSA-16, and the success of the latter clone at causing disease in hospitals may be due to its emergence from a virulent MSSA clone that was already a major cause of invasive disease in both the community and hospital settings. MLST provides an unambiguous method for assigning MRSA and MSSA isolates to known clones or assigning them as novel clones via the Internet.
Alloantibodies Prevent the Induction of Transplantation Tolerance by Enhancing Alloreactive T Cell Priming (2010)

Circulating alloantibodies in transplant recipients are often associated with increased Ab-mediated as well as cellular rejection. We tested the hypothesis that alloantibodies facilitate cellular rejection by functioning as opsonins to enhance T cell activation using a BALB/c to C57BL/6 heart or skin transplant model. Long-term heart and skin survival induced with anti-CD154 alone or in combination with donor-specific transfusion (DST), respectively, was abrogated by the presence of anti-K(d) mAbs, and alloreactive T cell activation as well as acute rejection was observed. The prevention of graft acceptance in the skin model was dependent on anti-K(d) binding to and converting DST from tolerigenic to immunogenic. Adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled TCR-transgenic T cells into B6 recipients treated with anti-CD154/DST revealed the ability of anti-K(d) to enhance the proliferation of anti-K(d)-specific T cells via the indirect pathway as well as of non-K(d)-reactive, recipient MHC-restricted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Thus, alloantibodies with restricted specificity are able to facilitate the indirect presentation as well as the cross-presentation of a larger repertoire of "linked" donor-derived Ags. These observations highlight the ability of alloantibodies to function not only in classical humoral rejection but also as opsonins that facilitate the CD40-CD154-independent activation of alloreactive T cells.
Age-dependent effects of hedgehog protein on chondrocytes (1999)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has a crucial role in osteochondrogenesis of bone formation as well as in the repair of fractures. The interaction between hedgehog protein and BMPs is inferred from recent molecular studies. Hedgehog genes encode secreted proteins which mediate patterning and growth during skeletal development. We have shown that Indian hedgehog gene (Ihh) is expressed in cartilage anlage and later in mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes. This finding suggests that Ihh may regulate the development of chondrocytes. Our results in this study have shown that Ihh transcripts were expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes in mice at three days but not at three weeks, although a similar expression pattern of α1 (X) collagen could be observed in both types of cartilage. To investigate the possibility that there are direct and age-dependent functions of Ihh in chondrocytes, cultured chondrocytes were treated with the amino-terminal fragment of Sonic hedgehog protein (Shh-N) which can functionally substitute for Ihh protein. Shh-N did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes from three-week-old mice but had a significant effect on three-day-old mice. It enhanced proliferation up to 128% of the control culture in a dose-dependent manner. Although there was no effect in Shh-N-treated cultures, Shh-N enhanced the stimulatory effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the synthesis of proteoglycans. Because the effects of Shh-N on chondrocyte differentiation in this culture system differed from those of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and PTH, in terms of proteoglycan synthesis and ALPase activity, it is unlikely that BMP2 or PTH/PTH-related protein mediates the direct effects of Ihh in chondrocytes. Our study shows that Ihh can function in chondrocytes in a direct and age-dependent fashion.
Online modeling for realtime facial animation (2013)

We present a new algorithm for realtime face tracking on commodity RGB-D sensing devices. Our method requires no user-specific training or calibration, or any other form of manual assistance, thus enabling a range of new applications in performance-based facial animation and virtual interaction at the consumer level. The key novelty of our approach is an optimization algorithm that jointly solves for a detailed 3D expression model of the user and the corresponding dynamic tracking parameters. Realtime performance and robust computations are facilitated by a novel subspace parameterization of the dynamic facial expression space. We provide a detailed evaluation that shows that our approach significantly simplifies the performance capture workflow, while achieving accurate facial tracking for realtime applications.
Validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases (2009)

Humans die from age-related diseases, which are deadly manifestations of the aging process. In order to extend life span, an anti-aging drug must delay age-related diseases. All together age-related diseases are the best biomarker of aging. Once a drug is used for treatment of any one chronic disease, its effect against other diseases (atherosclerosis, cancer, prostate enlargement, osteoporosis, insulin resistance, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, age-related macular degeneration) may be evaluated in the same group of patients. If the group is large, then the anti-aging effect could be validated in a couple of years. Startlingly, retrospective analysis of clinical and preclinical data reveals four potential anti-aging modalities.
Intracoronary Injection of Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2006)

With the methods used, we found no effects of intracoronary injection of autologous mononuclear BMC on global left ventricular function.
Fixed-dose combination of AR-13324 and latanoprost: a double-masked, 28-day, randomised, controlled study in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (2015)

NCT02057575.
<title>Utilization of flash ladar for cooperative and uncooperative rendezvous and capture</title> (2003)

An ideal Rendezvous and Capture (R&C) sensor on a seeker Space Vehicle (SV) would provide accurate relative 6 degree of freedom data for the Guidance Navigation and Control System (GNCS) from far and near, operate autonomously, and provide multifunctional capability. Flash LADAR has the potential to fulfill these requirements. Sandia has developed Scannerless Range Imaging (SRI) LADAR sensors for a multitude of applications. One of the sensors, LDRI, flew onboard the STS97 mission to install the P6 truss and solar panels on the International Space Station. When compared to scanning LADAR, Scannerless LADAR is smaller, lighter, not mechanically complex, and has a much faster image acquisition time. Recently Sandia has demonstrated Flash Scannerless Range Imaging. Flash LADAR enables the capture of a full scene 3-D range image in one acquisition, thus, enabling freeze motion. The technology’s proven ability to accurately image an object as well as capture the image on the move has the potential to provide very accurate static and dynamic position data for the target vehicle relative to the seeker SV. Since no specific requirements are imposed on the target vehicle, the sensor will work equally well on cooperative and uncooperative target vehicles. This sensor technology can also provide docking feature inspection data and perform a detailed inspection of the target vehicle. This paper will describe the applicability of a Flash LADAR sensor for on-orbit cooperative and uncooperative rendezvous and capture.
Identification of Putative Human T Cell Receptor δ Complementary DNA Clones (1987)

A novel T cell receptor (TCR) subunit termed TCR delta, associated with TCR gamma and CD3 polypeptides, was recently found on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. T cell-specific complementary DNA clones present in a human TCR gamma delta T cell complementary DNA library were obtained and characterized in order to identify candidate clones encoding TCR delta. One cross-hybridizing group of clones detected transcripts that are expressed in lymphocytes bearing TCR gamma delta but not in other T lymphocytes and are encoded by genes that are rearranged in TCR gamma delta lymphocytes but deleted in other T lymphocytes. Their sequences indicate homology to the variable, joining, and constant elements of other TCR and immunoglobulin genes. These characteristics, as well as the immunochemical data presented in a companion paper, are strong evidence that the complementary DNA clones encode TCR delta.
Tumour class prediction and discovery by microarray-based DNA methylation analysis (2002)

Aberrant DNA methylation of CpG sites is among the earliest and most frequent alterations in cancer. Several studies suggest that aberrant methylation occurs in a tumour type-specific manner. However, large-scale analysis of candidate genes has so far been hampered by the lack of high throughput assays for methylation detection. We have developed the first microarray-based technique which allows genome-wide assessment of selected CpG dinucleotides as well as quantification of methylation at each site. Several hundred CpG sites were screened in 76 samples from four different human tumour types and corresponding healthy controls. Discriminative CpG dinucleotides were identified for different tissue type distinctions and used to predict the tumour class of as yet unknown samples with high accuracy using machine learning techniques. Some CpG dinucleotides correlate with progression to malignancy, whereas others are methylated in a tissue-specific manner independent of malignancy. Our results demonstrate that genome-wide analysis of methylation patterns combined with supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques constitute a powerful novel tool to classify human cancers.
Graded Materials for Resistance to Contact Deformation and Damage (2001)

The mechanical response of materials with spatial gradients in composition and structure is of considerable interest in disciplines as diverse as tribology, geology, optoelectronics, biomechanics, fracture mechanics, and nanotechnology. The damage and failure resistance of surfaces to normal and sliding contact or impact can be changed substantially through such gradients. This review assesses the current understanding of the resistance of graded materials to contact deformation and damage, and outlines future research directions and possible applications for graded materials.
Comparative evaluation of an ELISA based on recombinant polypeptides and IFA for serology of malaria. (1991)

In the present investigation we compare the performance of a solid-phase assay based on three recombinant polypeptides corresponding to three asexual blood-stage antigens of P. falciparum (ELISA MIXT) with the reference method for the measurement of antimalaria antibodies: indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA). Sera collected from persons with various degrees of exposure to malaria were selected: sera from inhabitants of a malaria endemic area (Group I), European patients with acute malaria infection (Group II) and blood donors with clinical symptoms of sickness or fever during a stay in malaria endemic areas. 86% of the sera gave concording results by ELISA MIXT and IFA. The correlation was 100% for sera of Group I but discrepancies were observed for Groups II and III. The great majority of the differences were due to sera positive on ELISA MIXT but not by IFA. Most of the sera positive on ELISA MIXT reacted with parasite-derived components only on Western-blot. These results underline the potential of the ELISA MIXT for epidemiologic studies.
An Empirical Study of Incorporating Pseudo Data into Grammatical Error Correction (2019)

Shun Kiyono, Jun Suzuki, Masato Mita, Tomoya Mizumoto, Kentaro Inui. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Catalytic conversion of palm oil to fuels and chemicals (1999)

Abstract The conversion of palm oil to hydrocarbons using a shape selective zeolite catalyst is reported in this work. Palm oil was passed over HZSM‐5 catalyst in a fixed bed micro‐reactor and the reactor was operated at atmospheric pressure, a temperature range of 360 to 420°C and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2 to 4 h −1 . The main objective was to study the effect of reaction temperature and oil space velocity on the conversion and selectivity of gasoline range hydrocarbons. The results show that 40 to 70wt% of the palm oil can be converted to aromatics and hydrocarbons in the gasoline, diesel and kerosene range, light gases, coke and water. The maximum gasoline range hydrocarbons yield of 40wt% of total product formed was obtained at 400°C and 2 h −1 space velocity.