gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal human bone marrow precursors that express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase include T-cell precursors and possible lymphoid stem cells (1991)

To compare the differentiation of early B- and T-lymphoid precursors, we have used immune adherence combined with analytical flow cytometric techniques to enrich and characterize subsets of the small population of bone marrow mononuclear cells that express the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) but lack the CD19 B-lymphoid marker. Two percent to five percent of bone marrow TdT + mononuclear cells belong to the T-lymphoid lineage by virtue of expression of CD7 or CD5. Three-color immunofluorescence studies showed that, like early B- lymphoid precursors, most bone marrow TdT + T cells express HLA-DR and the progenitor cell antigen CD34, and about half express CD10. All CD5 + TdT + cells express surface CD3 and T-cell receptor alpha, beta, while a subset of CD7 + TdT + cells lack these “mature” T cell features. CD2 is low or absent on CD5 + TdT + cells. Examination of isolated CD34 + cells showed that approximately 70% of CD34 + TdT + cells expressed neither CD19, CD22, CD7, nor CD5, and 15% to 50% also lacked CD10. Thus, a major subset of CD34 + TdT + cells lack lineage- specific surface antigens. TdT expression may be the earliest available marker of lymphoid differentiation, and CD34 + TdT + cells are likely to include progenitor cells for both the B and T lineages.
Chk1-induced CCNB1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth in human colorectal cancer (2014)

The high morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer pose a significant public health problem worldwide. Here we assessed the pro-cancer efficacy and mechanism of action of CCNB1 in different colorectal cancer cells. We provided evidence that CCNB1 mRNA and protein level were upregulated in a subset of human colorectal tumors, and positively correlated with Chk1 expression. Repression of Chk1 caused a significant decrease in cell proliferation and CCNB1 protein expression in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, downregulation of CCNB1 impaired colorectal cancer proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Specifically, suppression of CCNB1 caused a strong G 2/M phase arrest in both HCT116 and SW480 cells, interfering with the expression of cdc25c and CDK1. Additionally, CCNB1 inhibition induced apoptotic death in certain colorectal cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that CCNB1 is activated by Chk1, exerts its oncogenic role in colorectal cancer cells, and may play a key role in the development of a novel therapeutic approach against colorectal cancer.
Effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway during one-lung ventilation in rats (2015)

Objective
To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in rats.


Methods
Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n=10 each): sham operation group (Sham group), OLV group, OLV + atipamezole (α2 receptor antagonist) group (AD group), OLV + atipamezole + DEX group (DEX+ AD group), OLV + low-dose DEX group (DEX-L group) and OLV + high-dose DEX group (DEX-H group). The animals were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate 4.5 ml/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 2.5 h in Sham group.The right lung was ventilated for 2.0 h followed by 0.5 h two-lung ventilation in OLV group.In DEX-L and DEX-H groups, DEX was infused intravenously for 1 h at a rate of 2.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 and 5.0 μg·kg-1·h-1, respectively, starting from 1 h prior to OLV.Atipamezole 250 μg/kg was injected intravenously at 1 h prior to OLV in AD group.Atipamezole 250 μg/kg was injected intravenously at the onset of DEX infusion (5.0 μg·kg-1·h-1) in DEX+ AD group.The rats were sacrificed and left lungs were removed for determination of weight to dry lung weight ratio (W/D), cell apoptosis in lung tissues (by TUNEL), and expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)mRNA and protein, JNK mRNA and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) protein (by RT-PCR and Western blot). Pathological changes of lungs were examined and the injured alveolus rate (IAR) was counted under light microscope.The changes in ultrastructure of lung tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope.Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.


Results
W/D, AI and IAR were significantly higher in OLV, AD and DEX+ AD group than in Sham group, while lower in DEX-L and DEX-H groups than in OLV, AD and DEX+ AD groups.The pathological changes of the structure of lung tissues were observed in OLV, AD and DEX+ AD groups, while the pathological changes were significantly alleviated in DEX-L and DEX-H groups.In OLV, AD and DEX+ AD groups, there was apoptosis in lots of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells, while cell apoptosis was significantly reduced after administration of DEX.The expression of GRP78 mRNA and protein, JNK mRNA and p-JNK protein was significantly higher in OLV, AD and DEX+ AD groups than in Sham group, and lower in DEX-L and DEX-H groups than in OLV, AD and DEX+ AD groups.


Conclusion
DEX pretreatment can protect lungs during OLV, and inhibited JNK signaling pathway and reduced cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in the mechanism.


Key words: 
Dexmedetomidine; Respiration, artifical; Endoplasmic reticulum; JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases; Apoptosis
Arteriovenous Fistula Using Superficialized Basilic Vein in Chronic Hypotensive Hemodialysis Patients (2001)

BACKGROUND: Chronic hypotension is common in uremic patients on regular hemodialysis. This subset of patients often requires multiple operations to maintain their vascular access due to frequent thrombosis and occlusion of the arteriovenous fistula. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether surgical intervention with the brachial artery-transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula is effective in chronic hypotensive hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with chronic hypotensive hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Most of them were referred from local hospitals. They were twenty-three men and thirty-one women. Among them, thirty-six patients were diabetes mellitus. The brachial artery-transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula was performed in a period of forty-six months at the teaching Hospital. Primary patency was defined as the length of time from the fistula creation until the development of thrombosis or a complication that required operative revision of the fistula. If the fistula could be salvaged by revision such that blood flow was maintained through the fistula, then the secondary patency was defined. RESULTS: There were no technical failure and none of these patients died due to the surgical operation. The primary patency rate was 89.80% at one year, 73.08% at two years, and 64.71% at three years. The secondary patency rate was 95.92% at one year, 84.62% at two years, and 76.47% at three years. CONCLUSION: Brachial artery-transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula may be a good secondary alternative vascular access in the chronic hypotensive hemodialysis patients.
Enzyme Catalyzed Degradation and Formation of Peroxycarboxylic Acids (1994)

The ability of hydrolases to catalyze perhydrolysis, i.e. lysis of acyl substrates with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxycarboxylic acids, has been investigated. Lipases, esterases and cholinesterases were found to catalyze perhydrolysis but the preference of the enzymes for hydrogen peroxide relative to water as nucleophile was only 10–100 fold, even in the best cases. Hence, perhydrolysis proceeds with a very low efficiency in aqueous systems. Furthermore, all lipases, esterases and cholinesterases tested degrade peroxycarboxylic acids to the corresponding carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This reaction is most pronounced in the case of lipases while less so for cholinesterases. Consequently, cholinesterases are superior to the other hydrolases studied in catalyzing net formation of peracids in aqueous systems. In organic solvents, immobilized lipases efficiently catalyze formation of peracids from either triglycerides or the parent carboxylic acid. Proteases and phospholipase A-2 were found to neither degrade peracids nor catalyze perhydrolysis of carboxylic esters or phospholipids, respectively.
Active Catalogs: Integrated Support for Component Engineering (1998)

Abstract A recent National Academy of Sciences study shows that design and manufacturing is dominated by three “eighty percent” rules. Eighty percent of the cost of a product typically is the purchase cost of its components. Eighty percent of the manufacturing costs are determined in the first twenty percent of the design phase. And eighty percent of an engineer’s time is spent not on design, but on communications: obtaining information about components comprising the design and coordinating with other engineers about design issues. Thus, the speed and quality of product development is heavily dependent on a designer’s ability to perform component engineering — to configure a set of components that work well together with respect to performance, reliability, cost and delivery schedule. This paper describes services provided in the Active Catalogs system that support the component engineering process. These services enable a designer not only to find candidate parts to serve as individual components in a design, but to explore and assess interactions between candidate parts for sets of components. These services include mechanisms for: (1) creating queries for parts based on their intended use rather than merely parametric specifications; (2) refining those queries to take account of constraints imposed by other components; (3) providing multi-modal information to help designers assess and compare candidate parts; and (4) generating simulation models of candidate parts and integrating them to provide simulation models of candidate systems.
Right‐sided Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Refractory Epilepsy in Humans (2005)

VNS is known to be an effective treatment in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. R-VNS should be considered if a patient has significant benefit from L-VNS but is unable to continue with L-VNS. R-VNS appears also to have antiepilepsy effects. Additionally, our case report suggests that in some patients, a differential response is found regarding seizure control with R-VNS or L-VNS, raising the question whether L-VNS failures should pursue a trial of R-VNS. Patients should be cautioned and monitored for reactive airway disease if they undergo R-VNS. More research is needed to compare the effects of right- and left-sided VNS on cardiac and pulmonary function in humans and to determine which has the best antiseizure effect.
Multiple Marker Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a Cross Between Outbred Wild Boar and Large White Pigs (1998)

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of growth and fatness data from a three generation pig experiment is presented. The population of 199 F2 animals was derived from a cross between wild boar and Large White pigs. Animals were typed for 240 markers spanning 23 Morgans of 18 autosomes and the X chromosome. A series of analyses are presented within a least squares framework. First, these identify chromosomes containing loci controlling trait variation and subsequently attempt to map QTLs to locations within chromosomes. This population gives evidence for a large QTL affecting back fat and another for abdominal fat segregating on chromosome 4. The best locations for these QTLs are within 4 cM of each other and, hence, this is likely to be a single QTL affecting both traits. The allele inherited from the wild boar causes an increase in fat deposition. A QTL for intestinal length was also located in the same region on chromosome 4 and could be the same QTL with pleiotropic effects. Significant effects, owing to multiple QTLs, for intestinal length were identified on chromosomes 3 and 5. A single QTL affecting growth rate to 30 kg was located on chromosome 13 such that the Large White allele increased early growth rate, another QTL on chromosome 10 affected growth rate from 30 to 70 kg and another on chromosome 4 affected growth rate to 70 kg.
Isolation of 6-Deoxytetrodotoxin from the Pufferfish,Takifugu pardalis, and a Comparison of the Effects of the C-6 and C-11 Hydroxy Groups of Tetrodotoxin on Its Activity (2014)

Identification of new tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1) analogues would be significant in the elucidation of its biosynthetic pathway and a study of its structure-activity relationships. In this study, a new TTX analogue, 6-deoxyTTX (2), was isolated from the ovary of the pufferfish, Takifugu pardalis, and the structure was determined using spectroscopic methods. Compound 2 was also identified in other marine animals, Nassarius snail and blue-ringed octopuses, using LC-MS. Furthermore, we investigated the voltage-gated sodium channel blocking activity of 2 by examination of the inhibitory activities to cytotoxicity induced by ouabain and veratridine in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a). The activities were then compared with those of 1, 11-deoxyTTX (3), and 6,11-dideoxyTTX (4). The EC50 value for 2 was estimated to be 6.5±2.2 nM, approximately 3-fold larger than that of 1 (2.1±0.6 nM) and approximately 20-fold smaller than that of 3. These results suggested that contribution of the C-6 hydroxy group to the activity is less than that of the C-11 hydroxy group.
Mechanism of active targeting in solid tumors with transferrin-containing gold nanoparticles (2009)

PEGylated gold nanoparticles are decorated with various amounts of human transferrin (Tf) to give a series of Tf-targeted particles with near-constant size and electrokinetic potential. The effects of Tf content on nanoparticle tumor targeting were investigated in mice bearing s.c. Neuro2A tumors. Quantitative biodistributions of the nanoparticles 24 h after i.v. tail-vein injections show that the nanoparticle accumulations in the tumors and other organs are independent of Tf. However, the nanoparticle localizations within a particular organ are influenced by the Tf content. In tumor tissue, the content of targeting ligands significantly influences the number of nanoparticles localized within the cancer cells. In liver tissue, high Tf content leads to small amounts of the nanoparticles residing in hepatocytes, whereas most nanoparticles remain in nonparenchymal cells. These results suggest that targeted nanoparticles can provide greater intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents to the cancer cells within solid tumors than their nontargeted analogs.
Spintronics (2007)

Investigations of the dynamics of spin-polarized electronic current through and near materials with spin-dependent electronic structures have created a rich new field dubbed "spintronics". The implications of spintronics research extend deep into the realm of fundamental material properties, yet spintronics applications have also revolutionized the magnetic-storage industry by providing efficient room-temperature magnetic sensors. Control of nonequilibrium spin-polarized populations of electrons through and near magnets has led to the dominance of linear (resistive) spintronic devices for magnetic readout in commercial magnetic storage. Rapid progress in understanding the fundamental physics of nonlinear spin-polarized electronic transport in metals and semiconductors suggests new applications for spintronic devices in fast nonvolatile memory as well as logic devices, with or without magnetic materials or magnetic fields. Ongoing study of the interaction between such spintronic elements and optical fields, particularly in semiconductors, promises the future development of optical spintronic devices
Preparation of porous membranes grafted with poly(spiropyran‐containing methacrylate) and photocontrol of permeability (1994)

Abstract Graft copolymerization of spiropyran‐containing methacrylate (SPMMA) and acrylamide (AM) onto the surface of a porous polymer membrane was carried out. The permeability of the graft membrane varied with ultraviolet (UV) ‐ or visible‐light irradiation. It was found that the change by UV‐light irradiation of the permeability of the H 2 O/CH 3 OH mixture through the SPMMA/AM‐grafted membrane is related to the change by UV‐light irradiation of the solubility, i.e., the chain extension, of the graft copolymer in the mixed solvent. When the free SPMMA/AM copolymer becomes insoluble in the H 2 O/CH 3 OH mixture by UV‐light irradiation, the permeability of the H 2 O/CH 3 OH mixture through the SPMMA/AM‐grafted membrane is increased. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The Effect of Position on Periodic Breathing in Chronic Cardiac Decompensation (1958)

DISSCUSSIONS of the relation between position and respiratory symptoms in congestive heart failure are usually centered about the symptom of orthopnea. The purpose of the present report is to describe the effect of position on another manifestation — that is, periodic breathing.Material and MethodsFifteen experiments were carried out on patients with chronic cardiac decompensation. Their ages ranged from thirty-four to seventy-three years; all but 1 were men. The etiologic diagnosis was rheumatic or arteriosclerotic heart disease.Patients were unselected, except that they were not included if unable to tolerate flat or almost flat positions for at least six . . .
Role for glyoxalase I in Alzheimer's disease (2004)

P301L mutant tau transgenic mice develop neurofibrillary tangles, a histopathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTDP-17). To identify differentially expressed genes and to gain insight into pathogenic mechanisms, we performed a stringent analysis of the microarray dataset obtained with RNA from whole brains of P301L mutant mice and identified a single up-regulated gene, glyoxalase I. This enzyme plays a critical role in the detoxification of dicarbonyl compounds and thereby reduces the formation of advanced glycation end products. In situ hybridization analysis revealed expression of glyoxalase I in all brain areas analyzed, both in transgenic and control mice. However, levels of glyoxalase I protein were significantly elevated in P301L brains, as shown by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, a glyoxalase I-specific antiserum revealed many intensely stained flame-shaped neurons in Alzheimer's disease brain compared with brains from nondemented controls. In addition, we examined a single nucleotide polymorphism predicting a nonconservative amino acid substitution at position 111 (E111A) in ethnically independent populations. We identified significant and consistent deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which points to the presence of selection forces. The E111A single nucleotide polymorphism was not associated with the risk for Alzheimer's disease in the overall population. Together, our data demonstrate the potential of transcriptomics applied to animal models of human diseases. They suggest a previously unidentified role for glyoxalase I in neurodegenerative disease.
Modeling the Blood-Brain Barrier in a 3D triple co-culture microfluidic system (2015)

The need for a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model that accurately mimics the physiological characteristics of the in-vivo situation is well-recognized by researchers in academia and industry. However, there is currently no in-vitro model allowing studies of neuronal growth and/or function influenced by factors from the blood that cross through the BBB. Therefore, we established a 3D triple co-culture microfluidic system using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) together with primary rat astrocytes and neurons. Immunostaining confirmed the successful triple co-culture system consisting of an intact BBB with tight intercellular junctions in the endothelial monolayer. The BBB selective permeability was determined by a fluorescent-based assay using dextrans of different molecular weights. Finally, neuron functionality was demonstrated by calcium imaging.
Intravenous Delivery of Anti-RhoA Small Interfering RNA Loaded in Nanoparticles of Chitosan in Mice: Safety and Efficacy in Xenografted Aggressive Breast Cancer (2006)

Overexpression of RhoA in cancer indicates a poor prognosis, because of increased tumor cell proliferation and invasion and tumor angiogenesis. We showed previously that anti-RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited aggressive breast cancer more effectively than conventional blockers of Rho-mediated signaling pathways. This study reports the efficacy and lack of toxicity of intravenously administered encapsulated anti-RhoA siRNA in chitosan-coated polyisohexylcyanoacrylate (PIHCA) nanoparticles in xenografted aggressive breast cancers (MDA-MB-231). The siRNA was administered every 3 days at a dose of 150 or 1500 microg/kg body weight in nude mice. This treatment inhibited the growth of tumors by 90% in the 150-microg group and by even more in the 1500-microg group. Necrotic areas were observed in tumors from animals treated with anti-RhoA siRNA at 1500 microg/kg, resulting from angiogenesis inhibition. In addition, this therapy was found to be devoid of toxic effects, as evidenced by similarities between control and treated animals for the following parameters: body weight gain; biochemical markers of hepatic, renal, and pancreatic function; and macroscopic appearance of organs after 30 days of treatment. Because of its efficacy and the absence of toxicity, it is suggested that this strategy of anti-RhoA siRNA holds significant promise for the treatment of aggressive cancers.
Evaluation of pre-analytical factors affecting plasma DNA analysis (2017)

Abstract Pre-analytical factors can significantly affect circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis. However, there are few robust methods to rapidly assess sample quality and the impact of pre-analytical processing. To address this gap and to evaluate effects of DNA extraction methods and blood collection tubes on cfDNA yield and fragment size, we developed a multiplexed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay with 5 short and 4 long amplicons targeting single copy genomic loci (mean amplicon size: 71 bp and 471 bp respectively). Using this assay, we compared performance of 7 cfDNA extraction kits and found cfDNA yield and fragment size varies significantly between them. We also compared 3 blood collection protocols used to collect plasma samples from 23 healthy volunteers (EDTA tubes processed within 1 hour and Cell-free DNA BCT tubes at ambient temperature processed within 24 hours and 72 hours of collection). To assess whether cell-stabilizing preservative in BCT tubes introduced noise in cfDNA, we performed digital targeted sequencing. We found no significant differences in cfDNA yield, fragment size and background sequencing noise between these protocols. In 219 clinical samples tested for quality using the ddPCR assay, cfDNA fragment size was significantly shorter in plasma samples immediately processed for ctDNA analysis compared to archived samples, suggesting background DNA contributed by lysed peripheral blood cells. In summary, we describe a multiplexed ddPCR approach that enables cfDNA quality assessment and could inform the design of future circulating tumor DNA studies. Gene names None