gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength dilated switches—a new class of suppressed crosstalk, dynamic wavelength-routing crossconnects (1992)

Wavelength-routing crossconnects are a major building block in WDM networks. A major limitation is the crosstalk generated by wavelength channels in proximity, forcing a larger channel spacing than desirable. For space-division switches, the crosstalk can be reduced by using the dilated-Benes design.1 In this paper, the dilation concept is generalized to the wavelength dimension, resulting in a new class of dynamic wavelength routing crossconnects with much lower crosstalk characteristics. This design can alleviate the crosstalk problems in some of the existing wavelength routing switches such as that due to the coherent crosstalk of the acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTFs)2 to allow a much closer channel spacing than is otherwise possible.
Performance of a joint Kalman demodulator for multiuser detection (2003)

Long code asynchronous CDMA provides a significant challenge, especially when the system is operating at high capacity. We describe a Kalman filter technique that estimates the channel coefficients while demodulating the multiuser signal. A state-space signal model is derived when multiple sources each provide a pilot and numerous user channels, as described by IS95. A numerically efficient algorithm is proposed which estimates each source disjointly but provides interference cancellation through the innovations. A Rayleigh fading model based on Jakes (1974) model is used to describe a time-varying channel. Performance is then demonstrated at high capacity and compared to the conventional detector.
Antimicrobial property and antioxidant composition of crude extracts of Pueraria mirifica, Butea superba and Mucuna macrocarpa. (2009)

In this study, crude extracts of Pueraria mirifica, Butea superba and Mucuna macrocarpa were prepared using sequential extraction with three different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The extracts obtained were then used to test for their antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method, which showed that, against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, only the P. mirifica extract obtained with ethyl acetate exhibited antimicrobial activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was also determined with values between 15 and 50 mg/ml depending on the microbes tested. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was subsequently used to separate the chemical constituents of the extract. When tested against B. cereus, there were only two bands which showed anti-B. cereus activity. Additionally, the crude extracts of P. mirifica, B. superba and M. macrocarpa were analysed for some antioxidant compounds using HPLC. Our results showed that all the extracts contained daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein, all of which were present in the highest amounts (0.045, 0.037, 0.049 and 0.060 % respectively) in the ethyl acetate extract of P. mirifica.
Highly stretchable, transparent ionic touch panel (2016)

Because human-computer interactions are increasingly important, touch panels may require stretchability and biocompatibility in order to allow integration with the human body. However, most touch panels have been developed based on stiff and brittle electrodes. We demonstrate an ionic touch panel based on a polyacrylamide hydrogel containing lithium chloride salts. The panel is soft and stretchable, so it can sustain a large deformation. The panel can freely transmit light information because the hydrogel is transparent, with 98% transmittance for visible light. A surface-capacitive touch system was adopted to sense a touched position. The panel can be operated under more than 1000% areal strain without sacrificing its functionalities. Epidermal touch panel use on skin was demonstrated by writing words, playing a piano, and playing games.
Biophysical properties of the clinical-stage antibody landscape (2017)

Antibodies are a highly successful class of biological drugs, with over 50 such molecules approved for therapeutic use and hundreds more currently in clinical development. Improvements in technology for the discovery and optimization of high-potency antibodies have greatly increased the chances for finding binding molecules with desired biological properties; however, achieving drug-like properties at the same time is an additional requirement that is receiving increased attention. In this work, we attempt to quantify the historical limits of acceptability for multiple biophysical metrics of "developability." Amino acid sequences from 137 antibodies in advanced clinical stages, including 48 approved for therapeutic use, were collected and used to construct isotype-matched IgG1 antibodies, which were then expressed in mammalian cells. The resulting material for each source antibody was evaluated in a dozen biophysical property assays. The distributions of the observed metrics are used to empirically define boundaries of drug-like behavior that can represent practical guidelines for future antibody drug candidates.
High-Speed Operation of Quantum Well Electron Transfer Digital Optical Switches (1995)

Optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) is a powerful means of increasing optical network capacity while still employing relatively inexpensive low-speed electronics. The critical and limiting component in such systems is the demultiplexer that picks apart the high-data-rate optical bit stream before detection and electrical signal processing at a lower data rate. Electro-optic demultiplexing using high-speed lithium niobate waveguide devices, either 1×2 switches1 or on/off modulators2, has thus far been the most successful method for OTDM system demonstrations, although recently semiconductor modulators3 have also been used.
A model for evaluating IT security investments (2004)

article A model for evaluating IT security investments Authors: Huseyin Cavusoglu Tulane University, New Orleans, LA Tulane University, New Orleans, LAView Profile , Birendra Mishra The University of California at Riverside The University of California at RiversideView Profile , Srinivasan Raghunathan The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 47Issue 7July 2004 pp 87–92https://doi.org/10.1145/1005817.1005828Published:01 July 2004Publication History 198citation7,535DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations198Total Downloads7,535Last 12 Months267Last 6 weeks87 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Idiopathic Regression of Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Because of the impracticality of long life time testing of hydrogen bromine flow batteries (HBFBs) under real, cyclic operating conditions, we utilized a high-frequency cycling load accelerated lifetime test (ALT) to evaluate the membrane electrode assembly performance in HBFBs. Four different membrane chemistries were tested to assess the relative long-term performance and durability of the corresponding HBFBs and to understand the main long-term failure mechanism in HBFB technology. The high-frequency cycling load ALT is a highly valuable method to assess long-term HBFB (components) stability and to understand the degradation/failure mechanism. The results showed that the utilization of long side chain perfluorosulfonic acid (LSC PFSA, i.e. Nafion®) membranes result in stable HBFB operation until a sudden cell failure at the end of the cycle life. The use of a more selective (lower bromine species crossover) reinforced LSC PFSA membrane results in approx. five times longer life times. In contrast, the use of a grafted polyvinylidene fluoride (SPVDF) membrane results in a slow incremental performance decrease (or area resistance increase) during the ALT and, again, a sudden cell failure at the end of the cycle life. After the ALT, the LSC PFSA membrane still shows high chemical stability. On the other hand, the grafted SPVDF and SPE membranes show clear membrane degradation visible as a strong decrease in IEC and an increase in ohmic AR. Gradual Pt catalyst degradation-dissolution, that results in insufficient Pt catalyst loading and subsequently low hydrogen reaction kinetics, is the main failure mechanism of the HBFBs. The membrane bromine species crossover rate is directly related to the rate of Pt catalyst degradation-dissolution and scales almost linearly with the cell total ampere-hours. As long as the catalyst loading is sufficient and does not reach a minimum value, this observed Pt degradation-dissolution rate does not significantly impact the cell performance.&lt;/p&gt;
Sperm-associated retroviruses in the mouse epididymis. (1987)

Sperm adsorbed with retrovirus particles were recovered from the epididymis of apparently normal male mice. Epididymal semen from all four mouse strains examined was positive for retrovirus (10(5) to 10(8) particles per microgram of protein) indicating that epididymal fluids and sperm may be important vehicles for murine retrovirus spread. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the banding patterns of electrophoretically separated epididymal viral proteins from the four strains of males were more similar to each other than to either xenotropic New Zealand Black virus or ecotropic Rauscher leukemia virus proteins. The results indicate that retrovirus particles, possibly a unique strain, are commonly expressed at relatively high titers in the reproductive tract of male mice and are sperm-associated.
Mouse soluble IFN gamma receptor as IFN gamma inhibitor. Distribution, antigenicity, and activity after injection in mice (1993)

With the purpose to use a soluble receptor as an IFN gamma antagonist in vivo, we assessed the immunogenicity, the half-life, the bioavailability, and the activity of the soluble receptor after injection into mice. No significant immunogenicity was detected after multiple chronic injections of mouse (Mo)IFN gamma-R or injections of MoIFN gamma-R in emulsion with CFA. Pharmacokinetic experiments using radiolabeled MoIFN gamma-R revealed that the half-life of the soluble MoIFN gamma-R is 3 h in the blood and 6 h in the lymphoid organs. When the MoIFN gamma-R protein was traced by the capacity of the animal sera to displace the binding of radiolabeled MoIFN gamma-R from affinity purified rabbit anti-MoIFN gamma-R antibodies, a blood half-life of 1 h was determined. Finally, the capacity of the injected receptor to bind and neutralize the IFN gamma-mediated antiviral activity was assessed in vivo. Treatment with IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha A/D protected the mice from the lethal infection with encephalomyocarditis virus. Mice treated with MoIFN-gamma-R neutralized the protective effect of IFN-gamma.
Endophytes: a rich source of functional metabolites (1987 to 2000) (2001)

Covering: 1987–2000
A theoretical study of the thermal response of skin to cryogen spray cooling and pulsed laser irradiation: implications for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks (1995)

The successful treatment of port wine stain (PWS) patients undergoing laser therapy is based on selective thermal coagulation of blood vessels without damaging the normal overlying epidermis. Cryogen spray cooling of skin may offer an effective method for minimizing epidermal thermal injury. Inasmuch as the density of melanosomes and depth of PWS blood vessels can vary considerably, an optimum cooling strategy is required on an individual patient basis. We present a theoretical study of the thermal response of various pigmented PWS lesions to spray cooling in conjunction with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser irradiation (585 nm). Results of our model indicate that precooling of skin using tetrafluoroethane as the cryogen spray is sufficient to eliminate epidermal thermal injury when using incident fluences less than 10 J cm-2 and 8 J cm-2 on patients with intermediate and high epidermal melanin content, respectively. Cryogens that have lower boiling points than tetrafluoroethane may allow successful treatment when using fluences equal to or greater than those indicated.
Isolation of gram quantities of EcoRI restriction and modification enzymes from an overproducing strain. (1984)

Structural genes for EcoRI restriction endonuclease and modification methylase have been inserted into the plasmid vector pKC30 (Shimatake, H., and Rosenberg, M. (1981) Nature (Lond.) 292, 128-132) downstream from the bacteriophage lambda pL promoter. Upon induction of pL expression in strains producing a thermolabile lambda cI857 repressor, synthesis of EcoRI polypeptides is enhanced to the extent that after 4 h they represent several per cent of the total cell protein. Purification of activities overproduced in this manner yields preparations of endonuclease and methylase which appear identical to those obtained from conventional sources, with overall yields corresponding to 0.5 to 0.9 g of each enzyme/kg of cell paste.
Corneal Organ Culture Model for Assessing Epithelial Responses to Surfactants (2000)

The main goal of the present study was to investigate the response of cultured bovine corneas to the application of irritant substances and its potential use for predicting ocular irritancy in humans. We hypothesized that chemicals causing eye irritation may induce disruption of epithelial tight junctions and trigger cell stress responses modulated via transcription factors such as AP-1 and NF-kappaB. A simple air-lifted corneal organ culture system was used as an ex vivo model for ocular irritancy test. The effects of two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK), on corneal epithelial permeability and DNA-binding activity of AP-1 and NF-kappaB were studied in cultured bovine corneas. Both SDS and BAK induced tight junction disruption and increased permeability of corneal epithelium assessed using surface biotinylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. An increase in DNA-binding activity measured using electrophoretic mobility shift assay was observed when cultured corneas were treated with surfactants at concentrations causing minimal to mild ocular irritation, indicating epithelial cell stress response. Furthermore, exposure of cultured corneas to SDS or BAK at concentrations causing severe ocular irritancy resulted in a decrease in DNA-binding activity of these transcription factors in epithelial cells. These results indicate that the combination of corneal organ culture and measurements of corneal epithelial permeability and DNA-binding activity of stress-response transcription factors following chemical exposure has the potential to be used as a mechanistically based alternative to in vivo animal testing.
Anisotropic effects in α-substituted methoxystilbenes (1973)

The relative upfield chemical shift of a meta-substituted methoxy-group upon one of the rings of a cis-stilbene gives an indication of the conformational preferences of the molecule. In E-α-nitrostilbenes the β ring spends more time than the α ring in planarity with the olefin bridge. In E-3-benzylideneindole-2(3H)-ones the arylidene ring does not achieve planarity with the indolone. Assignments of configuration to the 3′,4′-dimethoxy α-nitrostilbenes and the 3′,4′-methylenedioxy-analogues have been corrected.
Formation of adriamycin-DNA adductsin vitro (1994)

Adriamycin is known to induce the formation of adducts with DNA when reacted under in vitro transcription conditions. The factors affecting the extent of adduct formation were examined in order to establish the critical components and optimal conditions required for the reaction, and to gain insight into the nature of the DNA-adduct complex. There was a strong dependence on reaction temperature (with a 40-fold increase of adducts at 40-50 degrees C compared to 10 degrees C), pH (maximum adducts at pH 7), but little dependence on the oxygen level. There was an absolute requirement for a reducing agent, with adducts detected with DTT, beta-mercaptoethanol and glutathione, maximal adducts were formed at high levels of DTT (5-10 mM). Adducts were also formed with a xanthine oxidase/NADH reducing system, with increasing amounts of adducts detected with increasing NADH; no adducts were detected in the absence of either the enzyme or NADH. Of fourteen derivatives studied, only four yielded a similar extent of adduct formation as adriamycin; there was no absolute requirement for a carbonyl at C13 or hydroxyl at C14. Adducts were also observed with ssDNA but required a longer reaction time compared to dsDNA. The sequence specificity of adduct formation with ssDNA was examined using a primer-extension assay; almost all adducts were associated with a guanine residue. Overall, the results are consistent with a two-step reaction mechanism involving reductive activation of adriamycin, with the activated species then reacting with the guanine residues of either dsDNA or ssDNA.
Hypertensive End-Organ Damage and Premature Mortality Are p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase–Dependent in a Rat Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction (2001)

These results demonstrate a crucial role for p38 MAPK in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and end-organ damage. Interrupting its function with a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor halts clinical deterioration.
Characterization of a Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Specific Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Line (1992)

Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the tumors most sensitive to immunotherapy and in that regard it is similar to malignant melanoma. Clinical studies reporting responses to therapy suggested that a host immune response may be involved in the antitumor activity induced by immunotherapy in these tumors. Although detection of a specific T cell response to melanoma has been well documented, this has not been the case for RCC. The lytic response of interleukin-2 (IL-2) cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from RCC has been nonspecific. However, in this report we describe a CD8+ TIL line derived from a primary RCC tumor that displays specificity for the autologous tumor. This line is lytic for autologous RCC but does not lyse autologous lymphoblasts, allogeneic RCC, or tumor cell lines of other histologic types. It also proliferates specifically to the autologous tumor in the absence of exogenous IL-2. However, the addition of low dose IL-2 to the cultures can significantly augment its proliferative response. When stimulated with autologous RCC but not allogeneic RCC the CD8+ line will produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It appears that recognition of RCC by this TIL line is through the TCR/CD3 complex because anti-CD3 antibody blocks the lytic activity, proliferation and IFN-gamma production of the line in response to the autologous tumor. Additional studies illustrate that cytotoxic T lymphocytes with apparent specificity for the autologous tumor are present in unseparated cultured TILs that can be detected by clonal analysis. Collectively these results suggest that there is a specific T cell response to human RCC.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal® Newsletter (2009)

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: March 2009 - Volume 28 - Issue 3 - p A5-A6 doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000347256.78822.c5
Cigarette Smoke Activates Guanylate Cyclase and Increases Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in Tissues (1977)

The gaseous phase of cigarette smoke induced a 2- to 36-fold increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in supernatant and particulate fractions from various rat and bovine tissues over basal activity. The characteristics of this phenomenon paralleled those of the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, which is a component of tobacco smoke.
Expression and Characterization of β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2002)

The lgtB genes that encode beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases from Neisseria meningitidis ATCC 13102 and gonorrhoeae ATCC 31151 were isolated by a polymerase chain reaction using the pfu DNA polymerase. They were expressed under the control of lac and T7 promoters in Escherichia coli M15 and BL21 (DE3). Although the genes were efficiently expressed in E. coli M15 at 37 degrees C (33 kDa), most of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases that were produced were insoluble and proteolysed into enzymatically inactive polypeptides that lacked C-terminal residues (29.5 kDa and 28 kDa) during the purification steps. When the temperature of the cell growth was lowered to 25 degrees C, however, the solubility of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases increased substantially. A stable N-terminal his-tagged recombinant enzyme preparation could be achieved with E. coli BL21 (DE3) that expressed lgtB. Therefore, the cloned beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases were expressed under the control of the T7 promoter in E. coli BL21 (DE3), mostly to the soluble form at 25 degrees C. The proteins were easily purified to homogeneity by column chromatography using Ni-NTA resin, and were found to be active. The galactosyltransferases exhibited pH optimum at 6.5-7.0, and had an essential requirement for the Mn(+2) ions for its action. The Mg(+2) and Ca(+2) ions showed about half of the galactosyltransferase activities with the Mn(+2) ion. In the presence of the Fe(+2) ion, partial activation was observed with the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from N. meningitidis (64% of the enzyme activity with the Mn(+2) ion), but not from N. gonorrhoeae. On the other hand, the N(+2), Zn(+2), and Cu(+2) ions could not activate the beta-1,4- galactosyltransferase activity. The inhibited enzyme activity with the Ni(+2) ion was partially recovered with the Mn(+2) ion, but in the presence of the Fe(+2), Zn(+2), and Cu(+2) ions, the Mn(+2) ion could not activate the enzyme activities. Also, the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity was 1.5-fold stimulated with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 (0.1-5 percent).
Targeting of Myelin Protein Zero in a Spontaneous Autoimmune Polyneuropathy (2008)

Elimination of the costimulatory molecule B7-2 prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, but leads to the development of a spontaneous autoimmune polyneuropathy (SAP), which resembles the human disease chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). In this study, we examined the immunopathogenic mechanisms in this model, including identification of SAP Ags. We found that B7-2-deficient NOD mice exhibit changes in cytokine and chemokine gene expression in spleens over time. There was an increase in IL-17 and a decrease in IL-10 transcript levels at 4 mo (preclinical phase), whereas IFN-gamma expression peaked at 8 mo (clinical phase). There was also an increase in transcript levels of Th1 cytokines, CXCL10, and RANTES in sciatic nerves of mice that developed SAP. Splenocytes from SAP mice exhibited proliferative and Th1 cytokine responses to myelin P0 (180-199), but not to other P0 peptides or P2 (53-78). Adoptive transfer of P0-reactive T cells generated from SAP mice induced neuropathy in four of six NOD.SCID mice. Data from i.v. tolerance studies indicate that myelin P0 is one of the autoantigens targeted by T cells in SAP in this model. The expression of P0 by peri-islet Schwann cells provides a potential mechanism linking islet autoimmunity and inflammatory neuropathy.