gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, noxious gas emission, and intestinal microflora in broilers (2014)

Bacillus subtilis C-3102 has been used as a direct-fed microbial or probiotic product since 1986 to improve production performance in broilers worldwide. This study was conducted to determine and confirm the effect of B. subtilis C-3102 spore supplementation to feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality, blood profiles, noxious gas emission, and intestinal and excreta microflora in broilers. A total of 816 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers (46.06 ± 0.67 g) were used in a 5-wk study with Calsporin, B. subtilis final product (1.0 × 10(9) cfu/g of B. subtilis). Broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments consisting of 16 replicate cages with 17 broilers each: I) CON (control, basal diet), II) BS300 (CON + 300 mg of B. subtilis/kg of feed), and III) BS600 (CON + 600 mg of B. subtilis/kg of feed). Regarding probiotic effect, B. subtilis significantly increased Lactobacillus counts in the cecum, ileal, and excreta, and reduced Escherichia coli counts in the cecum and excreta, compared with CON. In addition, supplementation also tended to reduce Clostridium perfringens counts in the large intestine and excreta, while linearly reducing Salmonella counts in the cecum, ileal, large intestine, and excreta, compared with CON. Regarding growth performance, B. subtilis enhanced ADG in the starter and overall experimental periods, without any effects on feed intake compared with CON. Consequently, feed conversion ratio in the grower-finisher and overall experimental periods decreased significantly. The inclusion of B. subtilis improved the digestibility of DM and gross energy, as well as reducing ammonia emission, compared with CON. No significant difference in breast muscle color, water holding capacity, and drip loss, and relative organ weights, as well as in white blood cells, red blood cells, lymphocyte counts, and IgG amount, were observed. Overall, B. subtilis C-1302 is capable of providing a probiotic effect leading to improved growth performance and feed efficiency, due to the manipulation of intestinal microflora, with minimal side effects in broilers.
[Cryosclerosis of the saphenous veins in varicose reflux in the obese and elderly]. (1982)

We have developed an outpatient technique for high-risk varicose patients, using local anesthesia and cryo-sclerosis of the vein wall. A flexible cryo-probe is introduced in the vessel lumen, and its tip refrigerated to --89 degrees C. Thrombosis is thus induced with a limited inflammatory reaction and no pain. The vein then undergoes a progressive fibrosis, and recanalisation was not observed. Clinical results have been excellent on 44 patients who could not be submitted to standard surgical techniques, due to age and obesity.
Virology: A Laboratory Manual (1992)

Virology: A Laboratory Manual is designed for a one-semester virology laboratory course, although more than one semester of exercises are included. Choices of experiments allow for flexibility within a sequentially organized framework. The text features detailed experimental
Standardized Methods for the Determination of Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics in Foods and Dietary Supplements (2005)

Methods available for the measurement of antioxidant capacity are reviewed, presenting the general chemistry underlying the assays, the types of molecules detected, and the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method. This overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant capacity methods for the food, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries. From evaluation of data presented at the First International Congress on Antioxidant Methods in 2004 and in the literature, as well as consideration of potential end uses of antioxidants, it is proposed that procedures and applications for three assays be considered for standardization: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and possibly the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. ORAC represent a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction mechanism, which is most relevant to human biology. The Folin-Ciocalteu method is an electron transfer (ET) based assay and gives reducing capacity, which has normally been expressed as phenolic contents. The TEAC assay represents a second ET-based method. Other assays may need to be considered in the future as more is learned about some of the other radical sources and their importance to human biology.
Beyond dystrophin: current progress in the muscular dystrophies. (1996)

Major advances in the genetic understanding of the limb-girdle (LGMD) and congenital (CMD) muscular dystrophies have led to a new, genetically based classification of these disorders. The definition of the complex of dystrophin-associated proteins on a biochemical and subsequently genetic level has greatly accelerated this progress by providing candidate genes to complement or replace the process of linkage analysis either in families with muscular dystrophy or in sporadic cases. The major components of the dystrophin-associated proteins now known to be involved in muscular dystrophy besides dystrophin itself ar the sarcoglycan complex and the alpha 2-chain (merosin) of laminin-2 in the extracellular matrix. Mutations in the various sarcoglycans account for four types of autosomal recessive LGMD of varying severity (types 2C through 2F), including severe childhood-onset presentations. One type of autosomal recessive LGMD (type 2A) is caused by mutations in the protease calpain-3, whereas the gene for type 2B has not yet been identified, although the responsible locus has been assigned to chromosome 2p13. There are different autosomal dominant forms as well, one of which has been mapped to chromosome 5q31. With regard to CMDs, the major breakthrough involves a type of "classic" CMD with abnormalities of the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. These patients show deficiencies of the laminin alpha 2-chain, and mutations in the corresponding gene have been identified. The group of laminin alpha 2-chain-positive classic CMD likely is heterogeneous. Among the group of CMDs with abnormalities of brain formation and mental retardation, genetic, immunohistochemical, and clinical differences are now beginning to emerge to help in the distinction between Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, the Walker-Warburg syndrome, and muscle-eye-brain disease.
Enhanced purification of cell‐permeant Cre and germline transmission after transduction into mouse embryonic stem cells (2007)

Continuous expression of Cre recombinase has the potential to yield toxic side effects in various cell types, thereby limiting applications of the Cre/loxP system for conditional mutagenesis. In this study, we investigate the potential of Cre protein transduction to overcome this limitation. COS-7, CV1-5B, and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells treated with cell-permeant Cre (HTNCre) maintain a normal growth behavior employing Cre concentrations sufficient to induce recombination in more than 90% of the cells, whereas continuous application of high doses resulted in markedly reduced proliferation. HTNCre-treated ES cells maintain a normal karyotype and are still able to contribute to the germline. Moreover, we present an enhanced HTNCre purification protocol that allows the preparation of a concentrated glycerol stock solution, thereby enabling a considerable simplification of the Cre protein transduction procedure. The protocol described here allows rapid and highly efficient conditional mutagenesis of cultured cells.
Hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: A review (2002)

Co-infection with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus is common in certain populations. Among HCV (+) persons, 10 % are also HIV (+), and among HIV (+) persons, 25 % are also HCV (+). Many studies have shown that in intravenous drug users, co-infection prevalence can be as high as 90-95 %. There is increasing evidence supporting the concept that people infected with HIV have a much more rapid course of their hepatitis C infection. Treatment of co-infection is often challenging because highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) therapy is frequently hepatotoxic, especially in the presence of HCV. The purpose of this review is to describe the effects that HIV has on hepatitis C, the effects that hepatitis C has on HIV, and the treatment options in this challenging population.
Tissue Engineering in Plastic Surgery (2009)

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. This field has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 10 years fuelled by its potential role in regenerating new tissues and naturally healing injured or diseased organs. Stem cells due to their pluripotentiality and unlimited capacity for self-renewal, may allow significant advances for distinct reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. This review aims at outlining the principles of tissue engineering, focusing on the use of adult-derived stem cells as applied to the research and practice of plastic surgery. Review categories have been divided into tissue engineering of the skin and connective tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, and breast tissue. An analytical review of the current literature on stem cell technology on the above mentioned areas is presented. There have been reports of side effects and unsuccessful treatments. The key to the progress of tissue engineering is an understanding between basic scientists, biochemical engineers, clinicians, and industry. Although there has been an ongoing research pointing to the enormous potential of using stem cells in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, at this stage, stem cell therapy is still a hope that has not been fully studied and approved. More long-term studies are needed and many questions remain to be answered.
Positioning and Orientation in Indoor Environments Using Camera Phones (2008)

Location technologies provide a way to associate information to a user's location. The authors developed a system that processes a cell-phone camera image and matches detected landmarks from the image to a building. The system calculates camera location and dynamically overlays information directly on the cell phone image.
Heritable Individual-Specific and Allele-Specific Chromatin Signatures in Humans (2010)

The extent to which variation in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding may influence gene expression, and thus underlie or contribute to variation in phenotype, is unknown. To address this question, we cataloged both individual-to-individual variation and differences between homologous chromosomes within the same individual (allele-specific variation) in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding in lymphoblastoid cells derived from individuals of geographically diverse ancestry. Ten percent of active chromatin sites were individual-specific; a similar proportion were allele-specific. Both individual-specific and allele-specific sites were commonly transmitted from parent to child, which suggests that they are heritable features of the human genome. Our study shows that heritable chromatin status and transcription factor binding differ as a result of genetic variation and may underlie phenotypic variation in humans.
Corrole conjugates: a unique approach to tumor targeting (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

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The purpose of the studies described here is to test the hypothesis that a novel corrole compound can induce tumor-specific toxicity by forming a noncovalent assembly with a novel recombinant cell penetrating viral protein targeted to HER2+ breast cancer cells. Corroles are macrocyclic compounds that can bind and transport metal ions, and thus may be toxic to cells. While anionic corroles poorly enter cells, likely due to the negatively charged cell membrane, delivery via a targeted, membrane penetrating agent facilitates cell entry. Accordingly, we have demonstrated that a recombinant cell penetrating Ad capsid protein forms a noncovalent assembly with corroles that is stable in serum and facilitates target-specific delivery and cell death in vitro, while the equivalent concentration of either free corrole or free capsid protein has no effect on cell survival. Here we now demonstrate that heregulin-targeted corrole conjugates specifically impact HER2+ but not HER2- human breast cancer cells in a mixed cell culture at an efficacy that exceeds the equivalent concentration of adriamycin, and have begun in vivo testing. We have observed that delivery of corroles or corrole conjugates into established tumors yields shrinkage and prevention of tumor growth. The high fluorescence intensity of sulfonated corrole bound to gallium metal ion lends itself to live animal in vivo imaging, and has enabled us to examine the biodistribution of free and targeted corroles in mice. Furthermore, we have observed in vitro that the fluorescence of even nanomolar concentrations of corrole is measurable in 100% human serum, suggesting that this compound may be easily detected in blood samples. Finally, our ongoing studies investigating the mechanism of corrole-mediated cell death indicate that corroles remain excluded from the nucleus after cell entry and induce the appearance of apoptosis markers. Altogether, these findings indicate that corroles may serve dual purpose as both imaging and therapeutic agents, and, as we have observed from our studies, form unique conjugates with specialized carrier molecules that may enable a new and improved form of tumor targeted therapy.
On the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism in chronic experimental renal insufficiency in the dog (1971)

Healthy adult dogs were subjected to stepwise reduction of nephron population so as to create the transition from normal renal function to advanced renal insufficiency. Studies were performed at each level of renal function. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal phosphate clearance, and serum radioimmunoassayable parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured. Two groups of animals were studied. In one, phosphorous intake was maintained at 1200 mg/day. As GFR declined, fractional phosphate excretion rose reciprocally, and PTH levels increased over 20-fold. In the second group, phosphorous intake was maintained at less than 100 mg/day. As GFR fell, fractional phosphate excretion changed little, and no increment in PTH levels occurred. The data suggest that the control system regulating phosphate excretion contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in advancing renal insufficiency.
Experimental Transmission of Granulocytic Ehrlichial Organisms in Dogs (1990)

Canine granulocytic ehrlichial organisms were transmitted from an infected dog from Missouri to two male, 10-month-old dogs by an intravenous injection of whole blood. Physical or behavioral abnormalities were not detected during the 98 days of evaluation other than a mild pyrexia from Day 18 to 20. Ehrlichial morulae were found in blood granulocytes of Dog 1 from Day 13 to 44 and of Dog 2 from Day 14 to 34 with the peak rickettsemia occurring on Day 16 for both dogs. By Day 21 after inoculaiuon, both dogs had positive titers to Ehrlichia canis. The highest titers for both dogs were found 63 days after inoculation, after which the titers decreased. Most of the hematologic abnormalities (i.e., neutropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia) and fever occurred between 18 and 24 days after inoculation. The pathologic bases of these abnormalities were not investigated but their concurrent presence suggested an association with the dogs' immunologic responses to the granulocytic ehrlichial agent. Results from the study indicated that the canine granulocytic ehrlichial agent of Missouri may produce subclinical infections and suggested that dogs may be able to clear the organism without antimicrobial therapy.
Automated deconvolution and deisotoping of electrospray mass spectra (2002)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) of peptides and proteins produces a series of multiply charged ions with a mass/charge (m/z) ratio between 500 and 2000. The resulting mass spectra are crowded by these multiple charge values for each molecular mass and an isotopic cluster for each nominal m/z value. Here, we report a new algorithm simultaneously to deconvolute and deisotope ESI mass spectra from complex peptide samples based on their mass-dependent isotopic mean pattern. All signals corresponding to one peptide in the sample were reduced to one singly charged monoisotopic peak, thereby significantly reducing the number of signals, increasing the signal intensity and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The mass list produced could be used directly for database searching. The developed algorithm also simplified interpretation of fragment ion spectra of multiply charged parent ions.
REC8is a novel tumor suppressor gene epigenetically robustly targeted by the PI3K pathway in thyroid cancer (2015)

The role of the PI3K pathway in human cancer has been well established, but much of its molecular mechanism, particularly the epigenetic aspect, remains to be defined. We hypothesized that aberrant methylation and hence altered expression of certain unknown important genes induced by the genetically activated PI3K pathway signaling is a major epigenetic mechanism in human tumorigenesis. Through a genome-wide search for such genes that were epigenetically controlled by the PI3K pathway in thyroid cancer cells, we found a wide range of genes with broad functions epigenetically targeted by the PI3K pathway. The most prominent among these genes was REC8, classically known as a meiotic-specific gene, which we found to be robustly down-regulated by the PI3K pathway through hypermethylation. REC8 hypermethylation was strongly associated with genetic alterations and activities of the PI3K pathway in thyroid cancer cell lines, thyroid cancer tumors, and some other human cancers; it was also associated with poor clinicopathological outcomes of thyroid cancer, including advanced disease stages and patient mortality. Demethylating the hypermethylated REC8 gene restored its expression in thyroid cancer cells in which the PI3K pathway was genetically over-activated and induced expression of REC8 protein inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of these cells. These findings are consistent with REC8 being a novel major bona fide tumor suppressor gene and a robust epigenetic target of the PI3K pathway. Aberrant inactivation of REC8 through hypermethylation by the PI3K pathway may represent an important mechanism mediating the oncogenic functions of the PI3K pathway.
A first-in-human dose escalation study of PEGylated recombinant human IL-10 (AM0010) in advanced solid tumors. (2015)

3017 Background: PEGylated IL-10 induces the expansion of tumor reactive CD8 T cells both in the periphery and within the tumor. In mice, PEG-IL-10 but not non-PEG-IL-10 induces the rejection of tumors and establishes immunological memory. Primary objectives of this FIH study were to establish the safety, tolerability and the MTD of AM0010. Secondary objectives were to assess anti-tumor-activity, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and induced immune activation. Methods: Patients with advanced melanoma (4), non-small cell lung cancer (1), renal cell cancer (6), colorectal cancer (16), prostate cancer (1), ovarian cancer (1) and pancreatic cancer (4) were enrolled in escalating cohorts of 3-6 patients each followed by expansion cohorts. AM0010 was self-administrated daily subcutaneously at doses of 1 to 40 μg/kg. PK, anti-drug antibodies and immune responses were monitored. Results: Since November 2013, 33 patients were enrolled in cohorts of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/kg. An MTD was not defined through the planned maximally administered dose. Common treatment related adverse events included injection site reaction, rash, fatigue, thrombocytopenia and anemia. Most adverse events were low grade. Eight G3 adverse events were observed including anemia (3), thrombocytopenia (1), rash (1), increased lipase (1), dyslipidemia (1), transaminitis (1). The half-life of AM0010 half-life is ~20 hrs and exposures increased linearly with increasing doses. IL-18 was dose dependently increased in the serum of all patients, IFNg, IL-4, GM-CSF and IL-7 were elevated at doses > 20 μg/kg. Activation of CD8 T cells was observed. Ongoing immune related partial responses (irPR) were observed in one RCC patient (20 μg/kg; -71% at 22 weeks) and one ocular melanoma patient (40 μg/kg; -57% at 14 weeks). Additional 9 patients had stable disease at 8 weeks (1 melanoma (duration 24+ weeks); 2 RCC (21/13); 1 CRC (40+); 3 CRC, 1 pancreatic, 1 ovarian (13)). Conclusions: AM0010 has a manageable safety profile and leads to sustained and systemic Th1 immune stimulation. The pharmacodynamics and clinical activity observed support the ongoing monotherapy expansions and future combination development in a variety of advanced malignancies. Clinical trial information: NCT02009449.
Computer-assisted reasoning in cluster analysis (1995)

RECONNAISANCE OF THE DOMAIN. Cluster Analysis: Why, What, How, When. Methods in Clustering Data. Examples and Discussion. Framing of Cluster Analysis Studies. Fuzzy Clustering: A Branch in Fuzzy Logic. RECONSIDERATION OF THE TASK. Indetermination and Uncertainty in Cluster Analysis. The Need and Relevance of Computer-assisted Reasoning in Cluster Analysis. COMPUTER-ASSISTED DECISION SUPPORT IN CLUSTER ANALYSIS. Knowledge-based Expert Systems: An Introduction. Rule Base Developments for Cluster Analysis. Case Study: Analysis of Delphind Sonar Sound Signals.
By-passing of P-glycoprotein Using Immunoliposomes (2002)

The over-expression of MDR1 P-glycoprotein has been associated with the development of multidrug-resistance in cancer cells. Methods used to overcome multidrug-resistance often involve the co-administration of inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Here, we test the hypothesis that an immunoliposome-based drug delivery system may be used as an alternative approach to overcome multidrug-resistance since immunoliposomes penetrate target cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis which allows to by-pass membrane-associated P-glycoprotein. Targeting of immunoliposomes was achieved by the use of an anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (OX26 mAb). Incorporation of radiolabelled digoxin within OX26-immunoliposomes enhanced cellular uptake of digoxin by a factor of 25 in immortalised RBE4 rat brain capillary endothelial cells. Uptake of liposomal digoxin was insensitive to ritonavir, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, and was reduced in presence of increasing free concentrations of OX26 mAb or nocodazole, a reversible inhibitor of endocytosis. In contrast, uptake of free digoxin was enhanced by a factor of 1.8 in presence of ritonavir and was insensitive to OX26 mAb or nocodazole. Cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation of liposomal digoxin (55% internalisation within 30 min) was demonstrated by acid wash of the cells and was confirmed by confocal microscopy studies. Endosomal release to the cytosol of propidium iodide loaded immunoliposomes was shown. These in vitro studies suggest that immunoliposome-based drug delivery systems can be used to by-pass P-glycoprotein and thus deliver drugs to the cytosol of a target cell.