gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Based Head-Tracked 3D Display Research (2010)

The construction and operation of two laser-based glasses-free 3D (autostereoscopic) displays that have been carried out within the European Union-funded projects MUTED and HELIUM3D is described in this paper. Both use a multi-user head tracker to direct regions viewer's referred to as exit pupils to viewer's eyes. MUTED employs a direct-view LCD whose backlight comprises novel steering optics and in HELIUM3D image information is supplied by a horizontally-scanned fast light valve whose output is controlled by a spatial light modulator (SLM). The principle of operation, construction and results obtained are described.
Regulation of Yeast Replicative Life Span by TOR and Sch9 in Response to Nutrients (2005)

Calorie restriction increases life span in many organisms, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a large-scale analysis of 564 single-gene-deletion strains of yeast, we identified 10 gene deletions that increase replicative life span. Six of these correspond to genes encoding components of the nutrient-responsive TOR and Sch9 pathways. Calorie restriction of tor1D or sch9D cells failed to further increase life span and, like calorie restriction, deletion of either SCH9 or TOR1 increased life span independent of the Sir2 histone deacetylase. We propose that the TOR and Sch9 kinases define a primary conduit through which excess nutrient intake limits longevity in yeast.
Cochrane Systematic Review of Colorectal Cancer Screening Using the Fecal Occult Blood Test (Hemoccult): An Update (2008)

The present review includes seven new publications and unpublished data concerning CRC screening using FOBT. This review confirms previous research demonstrating that FOBT screening reduces the risk of CRC mortality. The results also indicate that there is no difference in all-cause mortality between the screened and nonscreened populations.
Fundamental aspects of solid dispersion technology for poorly soluble drugs (2013)

The solid dispersion has become an established solubilization technology for poorly water soluble drugs. Since a solid dispersion is basically a drug-polymer two-component system, the drug-polymer interaction is the determining factor in its design and performance. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of solid dispersions both in the solid state and in dissolution, emphasizing the fundamental aspects of this important technology.
<title>Wafer level optoelectronic device packaging using MEMS (Invited Paper)</title> (2005)

The emergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and photo diode (PD) arrays has given scope for the development of many applications such as high speed data communication. Further increase in performance can be obtained by the inclusion of micro-mirrors and microlens in the optical path between these components. However, the lack of efficient assembly and alignment techniques has become bottlenecks for new products. In this paper, we present development of optical sub-assembly and metallic MEMS structures that enable in the massively parallel assembly and alignment of these components to form a single miniature package. VCSEL wafer was processed to have polymer pedestal and polymeric lens on top of it. Such optical sub assembly greatly increases coupling efficiency between the VCSEL and optical fibers. Multiple numbers of suspended MEMS serpentine springs made out of electroplated nickel have been fabricated on ceramic substrates. These springs serve for clamping and alignment of multiple numbers of optoelectronic components. They are designed to be self-aligning with alignment accuracies of less than 3 micron after final assembly. Electrical connection between the bond pads of VCSEL's and PD's to the electrical leads on the substrate has been demonstrated by molten solder inkjet printing into precisely designed MEMS mold structures. This novel massively parallel assembly process is substrate independent and relatively simple process. This technique will provide reliable assembly of optoelectronic components and miniature optical systems in low cost mass production manner.
High-performance Liquid Chromatography/Continuous-flow Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Flavonoid Glycosides in Leguminous Plant Extracts (1996)

A method for the identification of flavonoid glycosides utilizing continuous-flow liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (CF-LSIMS) is presented. Minimum detectable quantities (MDQs) were determined for three model flavonoid glycosides (rutin, naringin and esculin) by both positive ion direct insertion probe (DIP)-LSIMS (1.6 nmol, 1.7 nmol and 730 pmol, respectively) and positive ion CF-LSIMS (330 pmol, 340 pmol and 290 pmol, respectively). Optimization of CF-LSIMS instrumental parameters was performed using the model compound rutin. Parameters optimized included mobile phase composition, glycerol concentration, mobile phase flow rate, ion source temperature, acceleration lens potential (amplitude and polarity) and Cs+ primary ion energy. Final instrumental optimization yielded an MDQ of 1.0 ng (1.6 pmol) for rutin by flow-injection CF-LSIMS. The optimization parameters were utilized in the identification of flavonoid glucosides in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) extracts by high-performance liquid chromatogrphy/CF-LSIMS. The results support the controversial identification of a major extract component as formononetin-7-O-glucoside-6"-malonate as opposed to afrormosin-7-O-glucoside-6"-malonate.
A site on rod G protein alpha subunit that mediates effector activation (1992)

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) are activated by sensory or hormone receptors. In turn, the G proteins activate effector proteins such as adenylyl cyclase, cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cGMP PDE), phospholipase C, and potassium and calcium ion channels by mechanisms that are poorly understood. A site on the alpha subunit of the G protein transducin (alpha t) has been identified that interacts with and activates cGMP phosphodiesterase, the effector enzyme in rod photoreceptors. A 22-amino acid peptide, corresponding to residues 293 to 314 from the COOH-terminal region of alpha t, fully mimicked alpha t and potently activated PDE. This region is adjacent to the receptor activation domain; thus, the alpha subunit of this G protein has a site for interaction with both its effector and receptor that maps near the COOH-terminus.
Relationship of Plasma Gelsolin Levels to Outcomes in Critically Ill Surgical Patients (2006)

Plasma gelsolin is a potential prognostic biomarker for critically ill surgical patients. Plasma gelsolin replacement may have therapeutic application.
Dynamics of BCR-ABL mutated clones prior to hematologic or cytogenetic resistance to imatinib (2008)

We conclude that: (i) D-HPLC is a sensitive method for screening for BCR-ABL mutations before and during therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors; (ii) the occurrence of BCR-ABL mutations during imatinib therapy is predictive of relapse; (iii) mutations may be detectable several months before relapse, and (iv) the sensitive detection of small numbers of mutated clones could provide clinical benefit by triggering early therapeutic interventions.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Classical and Nonclassical 2-Amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-6-methylpyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as Dual Thymidylate Synthase and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors (2007)

We designed and synthesized a classical antifolate N-{4-[(2-amino-6-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]benzoyl}- l-glutamic acid 4 and 11 nonclassical analogues 5- 15 as potential dual thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors. The key intermediate in the synthesis was N-(4-chloro-6-methyl-5 H-pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide, 29, to which various 5-benzyl substituents were attached. For the classical analogue 4, the ester obtained from the N-benzylation reaction was deprotected and coupled with diethyl l-glutamate followed by saponification. Compound 4 was a potent dual inhibitor of human TS (IC 50 = 46 nM, about 206-fold more potent than pemetrexed) and DHFR (IC 50 = 120 nM, about 55-fold more potent than pemetrexed). The nonclassical analogues were marginal inhibitors of human TS, but four analogues showed potent T. gondii DHFR inhibition along with >100-fold selectivity compared to human DHFR.
TLR3-Stimulated Dendritic Cells Up-regulate B7-H1 Expression and Influence the Magnitude of CD8 T Cell Responses to Tumor Vaccination (2009)

Agonists of TLR have been explored as vaccine adjuvants for tumor immunotherapy. However, their immunological consequences are not fully understood. Although TLR signaling increases the functional potential of dendritic cells (DCs) for priming T cells, coinduction of potentially negative immunoregulatory capacities may impair effector T cell generation. We examined the expression and function of B7 family costimulatory molecules on DCs after activation with the TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. We demonstrated that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid consistently up-regulated both B7-2 and B7-H1 molecules on resident, migratory DCs from spleen and lymph nodes. Depletion or blockade of B7-H1 on activated DCs increased the magnitude of effector CD8 T cell expansion. DC-based or protein-based tumor vaccines, in combination with B7-H1 blockade, induced strong effector CD8 T cell responses, resulting in protective immunity against newly established tumors. Our studies suggest that TLR3 signaling has the potential to up-regulate both positive and negative coregulatory molecules on APCs. Selective blockade of negative regulatory molecules in combination with TLR3 agonist may be an effective strategy for increasing the efficacy of tumor vaccines.
Linagliptin provides effective, well‐tolerated add‐on therapy to pre‐existing oral antidiabetic therapy over 1 year in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (2013)

Once-daily linagliptin showed safety and tolerability over 1 year and provided effective add-on therapy leading to significant HbA1c reductions, similar to metformin, over 52 weeks in Japanese patients.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B activates purified NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma but requires T lymphocytes to augment NK cytotoxicity. (1995)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is known for its effects on T lymphocytes; the mechanism of this activation is well studied. Although it is anticipated that there would be effects on other cells in the milieu, the mechanisms of activation of non-T immune cells are not well understood. This report examines the effects of SEB on human NK cells. Incubation of PBMC with SEB augmented NK cytotoxicity against the NK-sensitive targets K562 and Molt-4 and induced activity against the NK-resistant targets, Mel-30 and Raji. The degree of superantigen-augmented killer (SAK) activity induced by the SEB treatment correlated with the concentration of the superantigen in the mixture. Specific neutralizing Abs for lymphokines or monokines added to cultures showed that IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-12 each participated in the phenomenon; addition of all Abs together blocked most, but not all, SAK activity. Highly purified T lymphocytes (but not monocytes) supported the development of SAK activity in enriched cultures of CD56+ cells. The SAK activity was blocked by specific Abs to IL-2 and IFN-gamma in cocultures of T cells and CD56+ cells. In addition, SEB induced IFN-gamma secretion from sorted CD56+ cells. These data show for the first time that superantigen directly initiated cytokine synthesis in NK cells, and that SAK activity was induced as a consequence of products secreted from activated T lymphocytes. Such a superantigen effect on NK cells would place the NK lymphocyte in a pivotal role in determining the outcome of infection or immunopathology caused by superantigen exposure.
Minimum Alveolar Concentrations of Noble Gases, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Hexafluoride in Rats (1998)

We assessed the anesthetic properties of helium and neon at hyperbaric pressures by testing their capacity to decrease anesthetic requirement for desflurane using electrical stimulation of the tail as the anesthetic endpoint (i.e., the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) in rats. Partial pressures of helium or neon near those predicted to produce anesthesia by the Meyer-Overton hypothesis (approximately 80-90 atm), tended to increase desflurane MAC, and these partial pressures of helium and neon produced convulsions when administered alone. In contrast, the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon were anesthetic with mean MAC values of (+/- SD) of 27.0 +/- 2.6, 7.31 +/- 0.54, and 1.61 +/- 0.17 atm, respectively. Because the lethal partial pressures of nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride overlapped their anesthetic partial pressures, MAC values were determined for these gases by additivity studies with desflurane. Nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride MAC values were estimated to be 110 and 14.6 atm, respectively. Of the gases with anesthetic properties, nitrogen deviated the most from the Meyer-Overton hypothesis. Implications: It has been thought that the high pressures of helium and neon that might be needed to produce anesthesia antagonize their anesthetic properties (pressure reversal of anesthesia). We propose an alternative explanation: like other compounds with a low affinity to water, helium and neon are intrinsically without anesthetic effect. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:419-24)
Adriamycin custom-tailored immunoconjugates in the treatment of human malignancies. (1988)

Twenty-three patients with disseminated refractory malignancies each received a tailored combination of adriamycin-conjugated murine monoclonal antibodies. Tumors were typed using a panel of antibodies. Cocktails of up to six antibodies were selected based on binding greater than 80% of the malignant cells as tested by immunoperoxidase and flow cytometry. These monoclonal antibodies were then conjugated to Adriamycin and administered intravenously. Seventeen of 23 patients had reactions to the administration of immunoconjugates, but these were tolerable in all but two patients. Fever, chills, pruritus, and skin rash were by far the most common transitory reactions. All were well controlled with premedication. In several patients there was limited antigenic drift among various biopsies within the same patient over time. This observation confirms the necessity for the use of a cocktail of antibodies if one wishes to cover all tumor cells. Preliminary serologic evidence suggests that the development of an IgM antibody, which is specific against the mouse monoclonal antibody, has the specificity and sensitivity to predict clinical reactions. Selected patients were re-treated. One patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had re-treatment on three occasions and demonstrated regression of peripheral lymph nodes. Two patients with breast carcinoma had definite improvement in ulcerating skin lesions and two patients with tongue carcinoma had shrinkage of their lesions. In the course of the study free Adriamycin released from the monoclonal antibodies was discovered to be a limiting factor in the amount of antibody that could be administered. Up to 1 g of Adriamycin and up to 5 g of monoclonal antibody were administered. The limiting factor appeared to be a variable dissociation of active Adriamycin from the antibody that unpredictably caused hemopoietic depression. This study demonstrates the feasibility and reviews technical considerations in preparing immunoconjugate cocktails for patients with refractory malignancies. The major technical hurdle appears to be the selection of an effective conjugation method that can be used to optimally bind Adriamycin to monoclonal antibodies for targeted cancer therapy.
Nuclear serine protease activity contributes to bile acid-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes (1995)

Glycodeoxycholate (GDC) induces apoptosis in hepatocytes by a mechanism associated with DNA cleavage by endonucleases. In many models of apoptosis, proteolysis is required prior to DNA cleavage. Our aims were to determine if enhanced proteolysis is a mechanism causing GDC-mediated apoptosis. In cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to 50 microM GDC for 4 h, nonlysosomal proteolysis increased by 65% compared with controls. The serine protease inhibitor N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK; 100 microM) reduced cell death from apoptosis by 75% after 4 h of treatment with GDC. TLCK also inhibited DNA fragmentation. There was a twofold increase in nuclear serinelike protease activity during GDC-induced apoptosis accompanied by a 2.5-fold reduction in nonnuclear serine protease activity, suggesting translocation of the protease from the cytosol to the nucleus. Zn2+, an inhibitor of apoptosis, also inhibited nonlysosomal proteolysis and nuclear serinelike protease activity. These novel data suggest that nonlysosomal serinelike protease activity contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis. These data may be important in understanding apoptosis in other cell types and in providing insight into the mechanisms of liver injury during cholestasis.
Pharmacology of the skin (1992)

This book presents a balanced, state-of-the-art summary of pharmacology as it relates to the skin. Topics discussed include structure of the skin and its barrier function; model systems for research in skin pharmacology; the drug metabolizing capability of the skin, skin pharmacology in health and disease; the role of oxidants and antioxidants in the skin; immunopharmacology of the skin; signal transduction, protein kinase C and the role of the eicosanoid receptors in skin; and cutaneous chemical- and photo-carcinogenesis. Pharmacology of the Skin provides essential information for investigators working in cutaneous biology, investigative and clinical dermatologists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, biochemists, and workers in the pharmaceutical industry engaged in drug development.
The Organic chemistry of β-lactams (1993)

A comprehensive critical view of important b-lactam chemistry research of the last decade. The past few years have witnessed rapid developments in the field of asymmetric synthesis, reflected in this book's focus on the preparation of b-lactams in optically active form. This book is addressed to organic chemists active in the field, as well as medicinal chemists in academic and industrial environments.
Prototype trial design for rapid dose selection of antiretroviral drugs: an example using emtricitabine (Coviracil) (2001)

Antiretroviral monotherapy for initial drug characterization risks the selection of resistant virus, yet monotherapy is the only setting where many fundamental properties of a new drug can be reliably determined. Using data on viral replication kinetics and dynamics, we designed an accelerated (14 day) open-label study of single agent emtricitabine (formerly known as FTC)--a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor--to select a dosing regimen for further therapeutic study. Five regimens (25 mg bd, 100 mg od, 200 mg od, 100 mg bd and 200 mg bd) were evaluated in HIV-1-infected subjects over a 14 day dosing period to determine the optimal dose and pharmacokinetics. Serial blood samples for virological, pharmacokinetic and intracellular FTC-triphosphate measurements were drawn frequently. A dose-response relationship for the antiviral activity of emtricitabine was established, with total daily doses of 200 mg or more producing the greatest median HIV-1 viral load suppression: 1.72-1.92 log10. Based on virological outcomes, dose-response analysis and intracellular triphosphate levels, a once-daily dose of 200 mg was selected for further long-term clinical study. Adverse events possibly related to emtricitabine were unremarkable. The antiviral activity of emtricitabine correlated well with intracellular FTC-triphosphate concentrations. This study design is a safe, useful tool for early dose selection for drugs with potent antiretroviral activity and linear pharmacokinetics.
Neural 3D Mesh Renderer (2018)

For modeling the 3D world behind 2D images, which 3D representation is most appropriate? A polygon mesh is a promising candidate for its compactness and geometric properties. However, it is not straightforward to model a polygon mesh from 2D images using neural networks because the conversion from a mesh to an image, or rendering, involves a discrete operation called rasterization, which prevents back-propagation. Therefore, in this work, we propose an approximate gradient for rasterization that enables the integration of rendering into neural networks. Using this renderer, we perform single-image 3D mesh reconstruction with silhouette image supervision and our system outperforms the existing voxel-based approach. Additionally, we perform gradient-based 3D mesh editing operations, such as 2D-to-3D style transfer and 3D DeepDream, with 2D supervision for the first time. These applications demonstrate the potential of the integration of a mesh renderer into neural networks and the effectiveness of our proposed renderer.
Induction of Apoptosis Using Inhibitors of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase-β and Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of Human Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (2005)

These data suggest that Rituximab, combined with a LPAAT-beta inhibitor, may provide enhanced therapeutic effects through apoptotic mechanisms.
A 1 GHz power efficient single chip multiprocessor system for broadband networking applications (2002)

The Broadcom BCM12500 is a high performance system on a chip (SOC) targeted at network centric tasks. The chip consists of two high performance SB-1 MIPS64/sup TM/ CPUs, a shared 512 KB L2 cache, a DDR memory controller, and integrated I/O. All major blocks of the processor are connected together via the ZBbus/sup TM/; a high speed split transaction fully coherent multi processor bus. Three Gigabit Ethernet MACs enable a direct interface to network elements. High-speed system I/O is provided using AMD's Lightning Data Transport (LDT/sup TM/) I/O fabric and a 66 MHz PCI bus. The die measures 14.2 mm by 13.3 mm in a bulk 0.15 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and has a power dissipation of 13 W at 1.2 V and 1 GHz.
Clinical and Economic Effects of iNO in Premature Newborns With Respiratory Failure at 1 Year (2009)

Subjects in both arms commonly experienced neurodevelopmental and pulmonary morbidity, consuming substantial health care resources. Prophylactic iNO beginning in the first days of life did not lower costs and had a poor cost-effectiveness profile.