gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of methotrexate conjugated to human serum albumin in human cancer cells. (2003)

To avoid systemic toxicity of the cytotoxic drug methotrexate (MTX) and to improve tumor selectivity, MTX was bound to human serum albumin (HSA) as a drug carrier. To understand more about the mechanism of action of MTX conjugated to HSA (MTX-HSA), the uptake of MTX-HSA into the cell was determined as well as the effect of MTX-HSA on thymidylate synthase (TS), cell cycle distribution, and cell proliferation. Different uptake kinetics were observed for [(3)H]MTX and [(3)H]MTX-HSA. However, similar uptake kinetics were measured for (125)I-HSA and (125)I-MTX-HSA (2.1 and 1.8 pmol/10(7) cells/h when cells were treated with 10 micro M (125)I-HSA and (125)I-MTX-HSA, respectively), suggesting that MTX-HSA enters the cells by albumin-mediated endocytosis. We observed no effect of MTX-HSA on TS when folate receptor-expressing KB cells were treated for 4 h (IC(50), >50 micro M). However, 24 h after incubation, MTX-HSA inhibited TS with an IC(50) of 6.9 micro M. In addition, we found that MTX-HSA had a delayed effect on the cell cycle compared with MTX and that this effect could be inhibited with the lysosomal inhibitor methylamine, suggesting that MTX-HSA activity is dependent on lysosomal processes. The proliferation of different wild-type and MTX-resistant tumor cell lines was inhibited at IC(50) concentrations between 2 and 78 micro M, respectively. MTX-HSA accumulates in vivo in the tumor tissue. Local concentrations of 18-29 micro M were measured, which are effective antiproliferative concentrations as determined in vitro. We also investigated the antitumor activity of MTX-HSA in vivo in different human tumor xenografts grown s.c. in nude mice. Fourteen tumors from eight different tissues were tested. Nine of 14 tumors (64%) showed a clear response with tumor inhibition, stasis, or regression; 5 of 14 (36%) gave a moderate response with tumor growth delay or no response. In conclusion, MTX-HSA is effectively taken up by the cells via albumin receptor- or folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and time-dependently released as an active compound into the cytosol to exert an inhibiting effect on TS and to induce cell cycle alterations. In vivo, effective concentrations of MTX-HSA were reached in tumor tissue to exhibit antitumor activity.
Rhinitis and Inhalant Allergens (1997)

Allergic rhinitis affects about 20% of the US population. The diagnosis is based on patterns of symptoms, physical examination, and assessment of IgE antibodies by skin or in vitro testing. The most common offending allergens are pollens of grasses, trees, and weeds; fungi; animal allergens; and dust mites. In an individual with nasal allergy, exposure leads to rapid release of mast cell-derived mediators. This immediate response is followed by a cell-dominated response, including eosinophils and lymphocytes. Cytokines from T(H)2 lymphocytes, such as interleukin 4 and interleukin 5, orchestrate allergic inflammation. Resulting tissue changes produce symptoms of the disease and augment responses on subsequent exposure to allergens and irritants. Strategies for avoiding offending agents are important in management. In intermittent disease, antihistamines and/or decongestants are first prescribed. More continuous symptoms may mandate intranasal steroids. Immunotherapy is often helpful for patients who respond poorly to pharmacotherapy and avoidance.
Targeting Fibrosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common genetic muscle disease affecting 1 in 3,500 live male births. It is an X-linked recessive disease caused by a defective dystrophin gene. The disease is characterized by progressive limb weakness, respiratory and cardiac failure, and premature death. Fibrosis is a prominent pathological feature of muscle biopsies from patients with DMD. It directly causes muscle dysfunction and contributes to the lethal DMD phenotype. Although gene therapy and cell therapy may ultimately provide a cure for DMD, currently the disease is devastating, with no effective therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated that ameliorating muscle fibrosis may represent a viable therapeutic approach for DMD. By reducing scar formation, antifibrotic therapies may not only improve muscle function but also enhance muscle regeneration and promote gene and stem cell engraftment. Antifibrotic therapy may serve as a necessary addition to gene and cell therapies to treat DMD in the future. Therefore, understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying muscle fibrogenesis associated with dystrophin deficiency is key to the development of effective antifibrotic therapies for DMD.
Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure (2003)

HomeCirculationVol. 108, No. 23Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the monocarboxylic acids of cyanocobalamin. Assignments of the b-, d-, and e-monocarboxylic acids (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the monocarboxylic acids of cyanocobalamin. Assignments of the b-, d-, and e-monocarboxylic acidsDavid L. Anton, Harry P. C. Hogenkamp, Thomas E. Walker, and Nicholas A. MatwiyoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7, 2215–2219Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00527a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00527a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disruption of the Arabidopsis CGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants (2010)

CGI-58 is the defective gene in the human neutral lipid storage disease called Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. This disorder causes intracellular lipid droplets to accumulate in nonadipose tissues, such as skin and blood cells. Here, disruption of the homologous CGI-58 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of neutral lipid droplets in mature leaves. Mass spectroscopy of isolated lipid droplets from cgi-58 loss-of-function mutants showed they contain triacylglycerols with common leaf-specific fatty acids. Leaves of mature cgi-58 plants exhibited a marked increase in absolute triacylglycerol levels, more than 10-fold higher than in wild-type plants. Lipid levels in the oil-storing seeds of cgi-58 loss-of-function plants were unchanged, and unlike mutations in β-oxidation, the cgi-58 seeds germinated and grew normally, requiring no rescue with sucrose. We conclude that the participation of CGI-58 in neutral lipid homeostasis of nonfat-storing tissues is similar, although not identical, between plant and animal species. This unique insight may have implications for designing a new generation of technologies that enhance the neutral lipid content and composition of crop plants.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE SHEEP: EFFECT OF THE REMOVAL OF EMBRYOS ON LUTEAL FUNCTION (1966)

SUMMARY The surgical removal of embryos from the uteri of sheep at selected stages from the 5th to the 15th day of pregnancy provided a method of studying the functional relationship between the embryo and the corpus luteum. The cyclical life-span of the corpus luteum was not affected by the presence of embryos in the uterus provided that they were removed by the 12th day after oestrus. However, a delay in the removal of the embryos until day 13, 14 or 15 resulted in a marked extension of luteal function. These findings indicate that the luteotrophic effect exerted by the embryo first becomes essential for the maintenance of the corpus luteum of pregnancy after day 12 and are in close agreement with previous results obtained by the transplantation of embryos.
Self-Powered Enzyme-Based Biosensors (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Powered Enzyme-Based BiosensorsEugenii Katz, Andreas F. Bückmann, and Itamar WillnerView Author Information Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Department of Molecular Structure Research Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung Mascheroder Weg 1 D- 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 43, 10752–10753Publication Date (Web):October 3, 2001Publication History Received26 July 2001Published online3 October 2001Published inissue 31 October 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0167102Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4184Altmetric-Citations350LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (66 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Inhibiting factors produced by lactic acid bacteria. 1. Oxygen metabolites and catabolism end-products (1991)

Lactic acid bacteria can produce a variety of antimicrobial compounds which may affect both the lactic acid bacteria themselves as weil as undesirable or pathogenic strains. In this first section, we describe the biosynthesis, mode of action and activity spectra of these inhibitors. Metabolites of oxygen (hydrogen peroxide and free radicals) exhibit a bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity against lactic or non-Iactic flora. When associated with the lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate system, hydrogen peroxide leads to the formation of inhibitory compounds which are bacteriostatic for lactic acid bacteria and bactericidal for Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of organic acids (Iactic, acetic and formic) and of pH are closely linked. It appears that the non-dissociated fraction of these acids is the major inhibitory form. Thus, acetic acid whose pKa is higher than that of lactic acid exhibits the highest inhibitory activity. The antimicrobial activities of diacetyl, acetaldehyde and of the D isomers of amino acids are also described, although their effects are slight in usual lactic fermentations. 8acteriocins are the last type of inhibitory substance produced by some lactie acid bacteria. They will be described in a second section. pH, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, 0 isomers of amino acids). In the second section, we will examine inhibitions due to small antimicrobial molecules or to bacteriocins. Inhibition resulting from inter-strain competition
Expression of human papillomavirus type 11 L1 protein in insect cells: in vivo and in vitro assembly of viruslike particles (1993)

The L1 coat protein of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) was expressed in Sf-9 insect cells with the recombinant baculovirus vector Ac11L1. Viruslike particles (VLPs) were identified by electron microscopy in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Sf-9 cells infected with Ac11L1. The L1 protein was purified from Ac11L1-infected insect cells. The purified protein spontaneously assembled in vitro into various aggregates, including particles appearing similar to empty virions. Reaction of VLP-containing insect cell extracts with antisera directed against either denatured or nondenatured capsid epitopes in Western blot (immunoblot) and immuno-dot blot assays suggested that conformational epitopes present in native HPV-11 infectious virions were also present on the baculovirus-produced HPV-11 VLPs. Immuno-dot blot assays using human sera obtained from individuals with biopsy-proven condyloma acuminatum correlated closely with results previously obtained in HPV-11 whole virus particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These morphologic and immunologic similarities to native HPV-11 virions suggest that recombinant VLPs produced in the baculovirus system may be useful in seroepidemiology and pathogenesis studies of genital HPV infection and that they may also be potential candidates for vaccine development.
Histone crotonylation specifically marks the haploid male germ cell gene expression program (2011)

The haploid male germ cell differentiation program controls essential steps of male gametogenesis and relies partly on a significant number of sex chromosome-linked genes. These genes need to escape chromosome-wide transcriptional repression of sex chromosomes, which occurs during meiosis and is largely maintained in post-meiotic cells. A newly discovered histone lysine modification, crotonylation (Kcr), marks X/Y-linked genes that are active in post-meiotic male germ cells. Histone Kcr, by conferring resistance to transcriptional repressors, could be a dominant element in maintaining these genes active in the globally repressive environment of haploid cell sex chromosomes. Furthermore, the same mark was found associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. Histone Kcr therefore appears to be an indicator of the male haploid cell gene expression program and a notable element of genome programming in the post-meiotic phases of spermatogenesis.
Asenapine in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (2013)

Many individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) receive medical treatment in clinical practice, although to date, there are no drugs specifically available for BPD. The recent Cochrane guideline suggests a benefit from using second-generation antipsychotics such as olanzapine or aripiprazole; nevertheless, side effects limit their use. Asenapine is a novel FDA-approved atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, it has not yet been tested for BPD. The goal of this observational open-label study was to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of asenapine in a series of cases of patients with BPD. Twelve individuals with BPD were recruited and treated with asenapine during an 8-week period. Eight individuals completed the study; a significant improvement was observed in the CGI-BPD (P<0.001) and BSL-23 (P<0.048) scales for BPD symptomatology. Besides, there was a significant improvement in the general psychopathology domains (BPRS, P<0.004), whereas no significant differences were observed in depressive symptoms. No serious adverse effects were reported and a significant weight reduction was observed (P=0.002). Asenapine appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of patients with BPD, especially when other alternatives are not tolerated. These preliminary findings should be replicated in a controlled clinical trial.
Determination of Dielectric Constant of Stearic Acid Films Using Varying Gap Immersion Method (1977)

The dielectric constant data (at 3.5 MHz) on stearic acid thin films, obtained by using variable gap immersion method, are presented. Many of the errors of the conventional universal bridge method are eliminated in the method used here. It is also shown that the varying gap immersion method serves as an experimental tool for simultaneous determination of film thickness with high degree of accuracy. The data on evaporated as well as Langmuir films of stearic acid (≥1000 Å) are found to be consistent and in reasonable agreement.
Direct WYSIWYG painting and texturing on 3D shapes (1990)

This paper describes a 3D object-space paint program. This program allows the user to directly manipulate the parameters used to shade the surface of the 3D shape by applying pigment to its surface. The pigment has all the properties normally associated with material shading models. This includes, but is not limited to, the diffuse color, the specular color, and the surface roughness. The pigment also can have thickness, which is modeled by simultaneously creating a bump map attached to the shape. The output of the paint program is a 3D model with associated texture maps. This information can be used with any rendering program with texture mapping capabilities. Almost all traditional techniques of 2D computer image painting have analogues in 3D object painting, but there are also many new techniques unique to 3D. One example is the use of solid textures to pattern the surface.
Integrating heterogeneous data sources with XML and XQuery (2004)

XML has emerged as the leading language for representing and exchanging data not only on the Web, but also in general in the enterprise. XQuery is emerging as the standard query language for XML. Thus, tools are required to mediate between XML queries and heterogeneous data sources to integrate data in XML. This paper presents the e-XMLMedia mediator, a unique tool for integrating and querying disparate heterogeneous information as unified XML views. It describes the mediator architecture and focuses on the unique distributed query processing technology implemented in this component. Further, we evoke the various applications that are currently being experimented with the e-XMLMedia Mediator.
.NET & J2EE Interoperability (2003)

Part I: J2EE Interoperability Inside and Out 1: Interoperability in the Enterprise 2: J2EE Servlets, Java Server Pages, and Web Services 3: Enterprise JavaBeans, Interfaces, and JDBC Persistence 4: RMI-IIOP, the JNDI, and Deployment Descriptors Part II: Microsoft .NET Internal Interoperability 5: .NET Language Integration Components 6: ASP.NET Architecture 7: ASP.NET and Web Services Part III: Cross-Platform Interoperability 8: Interoperability Solutions from Third-Party Vendors 9: Best Practices, Design Patterns, Security, and Business Solutions Part IV: Appendixes A: Java Connector Architecture (JCA) Specification B: Additional Resources
Living polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether with hydrogen iodide/iodine initiating system (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether with hydrogen iodide/iodine initiating systemMasaaki Miyamoto, Mitsuo Sawamoto, and Toshinobu HigashimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 3, 265–268Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00133a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00133a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2234Altmetric-Citations431LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-parametric classification algorithm with an unknown class (2002)

In the classification of pixels of a multispectral image by methods of supervised classification, a problem can arise in case when an unknown class is present. In this paper, we suggest a method that gives good results in such a case. The method provides an estimation for a posteriori probability vectors (and consequently, classification), and, besides, estimates the prior probability of classes, including the unknown one, and thus, the areas occupied by every class.
Where Are the Exemplars? (2007)

A fast way of finding representative examples in complex data sets may be applicable to a wide range of difficult problems.
Isolation and some characterisation of antifreeze protein from the European eelpout Zoarces viviparus. (2007)

The European eelpout Zoarces viviparus is a common inhabitant in the coastal areas of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic region. At least 3 different antifreeze proteins were purified from Z. viviparus serum but more isoforms are most likely present. Two antifreeze proteins with molecular weights of approx. 6.5-7 kDa were characterised and found to share high similarity to the type III antifreeze proteins found in other members of the family Zoarcidae. The antifreeze activity of Z. viviparus antifreeze proteins is concentration dependent and showed a saturation effect when the protein concentration reached 30 mg.ml-1 (crude serum) and 8 mg.ml-1 (partly purified serum) respectively. Further the antifreeze activity was found to be dependent of the buffer osmolality resulting in increasing thermal hysteresis when buffer osmolality was raised from 0 to 1M.
Method for monitoring of mitochondrial cytochrome c release during cell death: Immunodetection of cytochrome c by flow cytometry after selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane (2006)

This technique allows the analysis of cytochrome c release from mitochondria of a large number of apoptotic cells in a short period of time and is proposed as an alternative to the methods currently used for this same purpose.