gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selecting vertical handover candidates in IEEE 802.11 mesh networks (2009)

The IEEE 802.11 working group currently integrates the option of mesh networking into its standard for WLANs. In addition to WLAN meshes, future wireless networks will be expanded by multiple heterogeneous access technologies such as UMTS and WiMax. These technologies differ greatly regarding medium access scheme, network capacity, QoS support, choice of data rates, and other various parameters such as power consumption and AAA aspects. Even though current research focuses on different network access selection and handover strategies maximizing the utilization for such a heterogeneous network, it is still an open issue how to select ldquoinefficientrdquo mobiles as vertical handover candidates. This work presents a novel scheme for the selection of handover candidates which is exemplarily discussed for an IEEE 802.11 WLAN mesh. After exploring the design rationale of the decision metric, simulation studies show the impact of single and multiple handovers on remaining users in the cell.
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2020)

Abstract Background Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently require mechanical ventilation and have high mortality rates. However, the impact of viral burden on these outcomes is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 30 March 2020 to 30 April 2020 at 2 hospitals in New York City. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was assessed using cycle threshold (Ct) values from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay applied to nasopharyngeal swab samples. We compared characteristics and outcomes of patients with high, medium, and low admission viral loads and assessed whether viral load was independently associated with intubation and in-hospital mortality. Results We evaluated 678 patients with COVID-19. Higher viral load was associated with increased age, comorbidities, smoking status, and recent chemotherapy. In-hospital mortality was 35.0% (Ct &amp;lt;25; n = 220), 17.6% (Ct 25–30; n = 216), and 6.2% (Ct &amp;gt;30; n = 242) with high, medium, and low viral loads, respectively (P &amp;lt; .001). The risk of intubation was also higher in patients with a high viral load (29.1%) compared with those with a medium (20.8%) or low viral load (14.9%; P &amp;lt; .001). High viral load was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92–12.52) and intubation (aOR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.68–4.44). Conclusions Admission SARS-CoV-2 viral load among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 independently correlates with the risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. Providing this information to clinicians could potentially be used to guide patient care.
La Domus del Mitreo (Lucus Augusti) (2020)

En este trabajo investigamos el yacimiento arqueologico conocido como Domus del Mitreo, descubierto en Lugo en el ano 2000. Su riqueza historica es excepcional, al integrar una domus romana de los ss. II-III dC., un mitreo y parte del lienzo de la muralla romana hasta sus cimientos. A partir del material arqueologico, numismatico y epigrafico que nos ha proporcionado, y utilizando diferentes metodologias, analizamos las estructuras arquitectonicas y las fases temporales. Estudiamos el mitreo y sus rituales, la muralla romana y su impacto en la domus. Ademas investigamos la relacion domus- ciudad (urbanismo, sociedad, religion), la relacion con el territorio desde el punto de vista estrategico, economico y paisajistico y proponemos una nueva hipotesis sobre la statio.
ESTUDO HEMATOLÓGICO EM AVES INOCULADAS COM SALMONELLA GALLINARUM (2003)

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi observar as alterações hematológicas que ocorrem nos frangos de corte durante a fase aguda do tifo aviário. Parâmetros hematológicos foram investigados no sangue de trinta e seis aves infectadas com Salmonella gallinarum e comparados com trinta e seis aves de um grupo controle. As colheitas de sangue foram realizadas aos 24, 26, 31, 38, 45 e 52 dias de idade. Com o desenvolvimento da fase aguda da doença, foi observada uma severa anemia macrocítica e hipocrômica, leucocitose e heterofilia com presença de células jovens.
Mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of influenza A virus neuraminidase affect incorporation into virions (1993)

The significance of the conserved cytoplasmic tail sequence of influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) was analyzed by the recently developed reverse genetics technique (W. Luytjes, M. Krystal, M. Enami, J. D. Parvin, and P. Palese, Cell 59:1107-1113, 1989). A chimeric influenza virus A/WSN/33 NA containing the influenza B virus cytoplasmic tail rescued influenza A virus infectivity. The transfectant virus had less NA incorporated into virions than A/WSN/33, indicating that the cytoplasmic tail of influenza virus NA plays a role in incorporation of NA into virions. However, these results also suggest that the influenza A virus and influenza B virus cytoplasmic tail sequences share common features that lead to the production of infectious virus. Transfectant virus was obtained with all cytoplasmic tail mutants generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the influenza A virus tail, except for the mutant resulting from substitution of the conserved proline residue, presumably because of its contribution to the secondary structure of the tail. No virus was rescued when the cytoplasmic tail was deleted, indicating that the cytoplasmic tail is essential for production of the virus. The virulence of the transfectant viruses in mice was directly proportional to the amount of NA incorporated. The importance of the NA cytoplasmic tail in virus assembly and virulence has implications for use in developing antiviral strategies.
Identification of a tetrasialylated monofucosylated tetraantennary N‐linked carbohydrate chain in human platelet glycocalicin (1988)

Glycocalicin (140 kDa), the main constituent of the glycoprotein Ib alpha-chain (150 kDa) of the human platelet membrane, contains 4 putative N-glycosylation sites. For the structural analysis of the N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains of glycocalicin, the glycoprotein has been subjected to the hydrazinolysis procedure. The acidic carbohydrate chains obtained were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and subsequently analyzed by sugar analysis, anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q HR 5/5 and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A novel tetrasialylated monofucosylated tetraantennary chain was identified in the glycoprotein. It could also be deduced that in all structures the alpha 2----6-linked NeuAc is attached exclusively at the Gal beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3 antenna, whereas the other antennae can be terminated with alpha 2----3-linked NeuAc. As minor constituents sialylated N-linked carbohydrate chains with a terminal Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----sequence were detected.
Murine Cathepsin F Deficiency Causes Neuronal Lipofuscinosis and Late-Onset Neurological Disease (2006)

Cathepsin F (cat F) is a widely expressed lysosomal cysteine protease whose in vivo role is unknown. To address this issue, mice deficient in cat F were generated via homologous recombination. Although cat F-/- mice appeared healthy and reproduced normally, they developed progressive hind leg weakness and decline in motor coordination at 12 to 16 months of age, followed by significant weight loss and death within 6 months. cat F was found to be expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). cat F-/- neurons accumulated eosinophilic granules that had features typical of lysosomal lipofuscin by electron microscopy. Large amounts of autofluorescent lipofuscin, characteristic of the neurodegenerative disease neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), accumulated throughout the CNS but not in visceral organs, beginning as early as 6 weeks of age. Pronounced gliosis, an indicator of neuronal stress and neurodegeneration, was also apparent in older cat F-/- mice. cat F is the only cysteine cathepsin whose inactivation alone causes a lysosomal storage defect and progressive neurological features in mice. The late onset suggests that this gene may be a candidate for adult-onset NCL.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2007)

In IPF, survival and severity-adjusted survival are higher in nonsmokers than in former smokers or the combined group of former and current smokers. By contrast, a better outcome in current smokers, compared with former smokers, reflects less severe disease at presentation and may represent a healthy smoker effect.
Amine content of vaginal fluid from untreated and treated patients with nonspecific vaginitis. (1979)

We examined the vaginal washings from patients with nonspecific vaginitis (NSV) to seek biochemical markers and possible explanations for the signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Seven amines were identified including methylamine, isobutylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and phenethylamine. These amines may contribute to the symptoms of NSV and may contribute to the elevated pH of the vaginal discharge. They may also be partly responsible for the "fishy" odor that is characteristic of vaginal discharges from these patients. Among the seven amines, putrescine and cadaverine were the most abundant and were present in all vaginal discharges from each of ten patients before treatment. These amines are produced in vitro during growth of mixed vaginal bacteria in chemically defined medium, presumably by decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids. We hypothesize the anaerobic vaginal organisms, previously shown to be quantitatively increased in NSV, are responsible for the amine production, because metronidazole inhibited the production of amines by vaginal bacteria in vitro, and Haemophilus vaginalis did not produce amines. H. vaginalis did release high concentrations of pyruvic acid and of amino acids during growth in peptone-starch-dextrose medium, whereas, other vaginal flora consumed both pyruvic acid and amino acids in the same medium during growth. These findings suggest that a symbiotic relationship may exist between H. vaginalis and other vaginal flora in patients with NSV.
Molecular Simulation of the Influence of Chemical Cross-Links on the Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube−Polymer Interfaces (2002)

The influence of chemical cross-links between a single-walled fullerene nanotube and a polymer matrix on the matrix−nanotube shear strength has been studied using molecular dynamics simulations. A (10,10) nanotube embedded in either a crystalline or amorphous polyethylene matrix is used as a model for a nonbonded interface (in the absence of cross-links). The simulations predict that shear strengths and critical lengths required for load transfer can be enhanced and decreased, respectively, by over an order of magnitude with the formation of cross-links involving less than 1% of the nanotube carbon atoms. At this level of chemical functionalization, calculations also predict that there is a negligible change in tensile modulus for a (10,10) nanotube.
Transcribing audio-video archives (2002)

This paper addresses the automatic transcription of audiovideo archives using a state-of-the-art broadcast news speech transcription system. A 9-hour corpus spanning the latter half of the 20th century (1945–1995) has been transcribed and an analysis of the transcription quality carried out. In addition to the challenges of transcribing heterogenous broadcast news data, we are faced with changing properties of the archive over time, such as the audio quality, the speaking style, vocabulary items and manner of expression. After assessing the performance of the transcription system, several paths are explored in an attempt to reduce the mismatch between the acoustic and language models and the archived data.
Noncontact Determination of Antisymmetric Plate Wave Velocity in Ceramic Matrix Composites (1997)

Abstract A 13-mJoule NdYAG 1064-nm, 4-nsec laser pulse was employed to produce ultrasonic plate waves in 20% porous SiC/SiC composite tensile specimens of three different architectures. An air-coupled 0.5-MHz transducer was used to detect and collect the waveforms that contained first antisymmetric plate wave pulses for determining the group velocity (VS). These results were compared to VS values determined on the same specimens with 0.5-MHz ultrasonic transducers with contact coupling. Averages of four noncontact determinations on each of 18 specimens were compared to averages of four contact values. The noncontact VSs fall in the same range as the contact. The standard deviations for the noncontact VS values averaged 2.8%. The standard deviations for the contact measurements averaged 2.3%, indicating similar reproducibility. Repeated laser pulsing at the same location always leads to deterioration of the ultrasonic signal. The signal would recover in about 24 h in air, however, indicating that no permanent damage was produced.
Time reversal for ultrasonic transcranial surgery and echographic imaging (2005)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is able to induce non-invasively controlled and selective destruction of tissues by focusing ultrasonic beams within organs, analogous to a magnifying glass that concentrates enough sunlight to burn a hole in paper. The brain is an attractive organ in which to perform ultrasonic tissue ablation, but such an application has been hampered by the strong defocusing effect of the skull bone. Our group has been involved in this topic for several years, providing proofs of concept and proposing technological solutions to this problem. Thanks to a high-power time-reversal mirror, presented here are in vivo thermal lesions induced through the skull of 12 sheep. Thermal lesions were confirmed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance post-treatment images and histological examination. These results provide striking evidence that noninvasive ultrasound brain surgery is feasible. A recent approach for high-resolution brain ultrasonic imaging will also be discussed with a skull aberration correction technique based on twin arrays technology. The correction of transcranial ultrasonic images is implemented on a new generation of time-reversal mirrors relying on a fully programmable transmit and receive beamformer.
PILRα, a Novel Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif-bearing Protein, Recruits SHP-1 upon Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Is Paired with the Truncated Counterpart PILRβ (2000)

SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is central to the regulation of several cell signaling pathways, the specificity of which is dictated by the intrinsic affinity of SH2 domains for the flanking sequences of phosphotyrosine residues. By using a modified yeast two-hybrid system and SHP-1 as bait, we have cloned a human cDNA, PILRalpha, encoding a 303-amino acid immunoglobulin-like transmembrane receptor bearing two cytoplasmic tyrosines positioned within an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Substrate trapping in combination with pervanadate treatment of 293T cells confirms that PILRalpha associates with SHP-1 in vivo upon tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutation of the tyrosine residues in PILRalpha indicates the pivotal role of the Tyr-269 residue in recruiting SHP-1. Surface plasmon resonance analysis further suggests that the association between PILRalpha-Tyr-269 and SHP-1 is mediated primarily via the amino-terminal SH2 domain of the latter. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA in combination with genomic sequence analysis revealed a second gene, PILRbeta, coding for a putative activating receptor as suggested by a truncated cytoplasmic tail and a charged lysine residue in its transmembrane region. The PILRalpha and PILRbeta genes are localized to chromosome 7 which is in contrast with the mapping of known members of the inhibitory receptor superfamily.
Semiconductor Quantum Rods as Single Molecule Fluorescent Biological Labels (2006)

In this paper, we report the development of rod-shaped semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum rods) as fluorescent biological labels. Water-soluble biocompatible quantum rods have been prepared by surface silanization and applied for nonspecific cell tracking as well as specific cellular targeting. Quantum rods are brighter single molecule probes as compared to quantum dots. They have many potential applications as biological labels in situations where their properties offer advantages over quantum dots.
Polyamines as physiological substrates for transglutaminases. (1980)

When normal human blood lymphocytes are treated with mitogen in the presence of [3H]putrescine, label is incorporated into a few cellular proteins. Labeled N-(gamma-glutamyl) putrescine, N1-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine, and N8-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine were identified in exhaustive proteolytic digests of the cellular protein fraction. The enzyme-mediated clotting of rat seminal plasma to which 14C-labeled spermidine and spermine are added is accompanied by incorporation of the polyamines into a number of seminal plasma proteins. Proteolytic digests of the protein fraction from this clotted seminal plasma contain labeled N1-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine, N8-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine, N1,N8-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine, N1-(gamma-glutamyl)spermine, and N1,N12-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermine. These findings support a proposal that polyamines serve as substrates for transglutaminases both in cells and in an extracellular fluid. They show differences in cellular and extracellular substrate properties of the polyamines and indicate cross-linking through these amines in the extracellular system, but provide no evidence for such cross-linking in the cells.
<title>Printability of pellicle defects in DUV 0.5-um lithography</title> (1992)

An image simulation program was developed and the corresponding experiment was performed to study the printability of particle on pellicle or pellicle defect for a DUV (X = 248 nm) stepper exposure. As an application of the program, we calculated the printability of pellicle defects for pellicles on both sides of the mask as a function of light source wavelength, numerical aperture, pellicle stand off distance, partial coherence, mask pattern feature size, defocus, etc. The results showed that at 248 nm wavelength exposure the change of aerial image at the wafer plane induced by the chrome side pellicle defect was larger than that of g-line (X=436 nm) or Mine exposure (X=365 nm). Simulation for a given pellicle defect size, placed at different side of mask indicated that glass side defect gave a larger change on the aerial image in terms of loss of image energy, and smaller change in terms of decrease in modulation transfer function (MTF) than that of chrome side. Experimental results performed on our DUV stepper substantiated the simulation results.
Integrins and Signal Transduction Pathways: the Road Taken (1995)

Adhesive interactions play critical roles in directing the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells; aberrations in such interactions can lead to pathological disorders. These adhesive interactions, mediated by cell surface receptors that bind to ligands on adjacent cells or in the extracellular matrix, also regulate intracellular signal transduction pathways that control adhesion-induced changes in cell physiology. Though the extracellular molecular interactions involving many adhesion receptors have been well characterized, the adhesion-dependent intracellular signaling events that regulate these physiological alterations have only begun to be elucidated. This article will focus on recent advances in our understanding of intracellular signal transduction pathways regulated by the integrin family of adhesion receptors.
Innate immune responses in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (2014)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a low rate of chronicity compared to HCV infection, but chronic liver inflammation can evolve to life threatening complications. Experimental data from HBV infected chimpanzees and HBV transgenic mice have indicated that cytotoxic T cells are the main cell type responsible for inhibition of viral replication, but also for hepatocyte lysis during chronic HBV infection. Their lower activation and impaired function in later stages of infection was suggested as a possible mechanism that allowed for low levels of viral replication. The lack of an interferon response in these models also indicated the importance of adaptive immunity in clearing the infection. Increased knowledge of the signalling pathways and pathogen associated molecular patterns that govern activation of innate immunity in the early stages of viral infections in general has led to a re-evaluation of the innate immune system in HBV infection. Numerous studies have shown that HBV employs active strategies to evade innate immune responses and induce immunosuppression. Some of the immune components targeted by HBV include dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T regulatory cells and signalling pathways of the interferon response. This review will present the current understanding of innate immunity in HBV infection and of the challenges associated with clearing of the HBV infection.
Selection of Apis mellifera workers by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor using host cuticular hydrocarbons (2010)

The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is the most important threat for apiculture in most bee-keeping areas of the world. The mite is carried to the bee brood cell, where it reproduces, by a nurse bee; therefore the selection of the bee stage by the parasite could influence its reproductive success. This study investigates the role of the cuticular hydrocarbons of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) in host-selection by the mite. Preliminary laboratory bioassays confirmed the preference of the varroa mite for nurse bees over pollen foragers. GC-MS analysis of nurse and pollen bees revealed differences in the cuticular hydrocarbons of the two stages; in particular, it appeared that pollen bees have more (Z)-8-heptadecene than nurse bees. Laboratory experiments showed that treatment of nurse bees with 100 ng of the pure compound makes them repellent to the varroa mite. These results suggest that the mite can exploit the differences in the cuticular composition of its host for a refined selection that allows it to reach a brood cell and start reproduction. The biological activity of the alkene encourages further investigations for the development of novel control techniques based on this compound.
Antiviral activity of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to RNA of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early region (1993)

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides complementary to mRNA of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase gene or to RNA transcripts of the major immediate-early regions 1 and 2 (IE1 and IE2) of HCMV were evaluated for antiviral activity in a 96-well immunoassay with primary human dermal fibroblasts as host cells. Oligonucleotides complementary to RNA of the IE2 region exhibited the most potent antiviral activity. One of these oligonucleotides, ISIS 2922, was at least 30-fold more potent than the nucleoside analog, ganciclovir, with a 50% effective concentration of 0.37 microM in the 96-well immunoassay. In an infectious virus yield reduction assay, ISIS 2922 and ganciclovir reduced production of infectious virus by 2 log units at concentrations of 2.2 and 36 microM, respectively. A control oligonucleotide showed no inhibition of virus production at concentrations as high as 3 microM. ISIS 2922 reduced IE protein synthesis in HCMV-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner which correlated with antiviral activity. The antiviral activity of ISIS 2922 was not due to oligonucleotide-induced cytotoxicity since effects on cell viability or proliferation were observed only at concentrations well in excess of effective antiviral concentrations. The specificity and potency of ISIS 2922 suggest that it may be useful for the treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in humans.