gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nuclear hormone receptor-associated protein that inhibits transactivation by the thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. (1995)

Nuclear hormone receptors are transcription factors that require multiple protein-protein interactions to regulate the expression of their target genes. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a protein, thyroid hormone receptor uncoupling protein (TRUP), that specifically interacts with a region of the human thyroid hormone receptor (TR) consisting of the hinge region and the N-terminal portion of the ligand binding domain in a hormone-independent manner. Interestingly, TRUP inhibits transactivation by TR and the retinoic acid receptor but has no effect on the estrogen receptor or the retinoid X receptor in mammalian cells. We also demonstrate that TRUP exerts its action on TR and retinoic acid receptor by interfering with their abilities to interact with their DNA. TRUP represents a type of regulatory protein that modulates the transcriptional activity of a subclass of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily by preventing interaction with their genomic response elements.
Effect of Void Fraction on Pressure Drop in Upward Vertical Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow (2013)

Experimental data for the void fraction and two-phase frictional pressure drop from various sources has been compiled and analyzed. The experimental data revealed that at the lower range of superficial gas velocity and void fraction, the variations of the two-phase frictional pressure drop with superficial gas velocity and void fraction are relatively flat. However, as the superficial gas velocity and void fraction increase to higher values, the frictional pressure drop became significantly sensitive to the two parameters. In a situation when the two-phase pressure drop is sensitive to the variation of the void fraction, it is then that the proper and accurate characterization of the void fraction becomes significant. From the experimental data, regions where the pressure drop is sensitive to the variation of the void fraction are identified and evaluated.
Gene-Delivery Systems Using Cationic Polymers (1999)

Gene therapy will benefit a range of diseases from single-gene defects, to chronic diseases such as cancer, to vaccination. Initially, gene therapy used viral vectors, but the advantages of nonviral systems are now being fully appreciated. This review focuses on cationic polymers as a delivery system for DNA. The physicochemical characterization of DNA polycation complexes that condense and protect DNA from nuclease digestion are considered, together with further factors such as ligand targeting, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. Where possible, the relative efficacy of different cationic polymer delivery systems is compared.
Problems of electronic art reference (2001)

This paper evaluates the access provided to electronic reference material in art libraries in Germany and elsewhere. The extremely heterogenous state of education and knowledge concerning these materials is discussed, both from the point of view of library staff and that of the specialised public. Finally a proposal is formulated for a co-operative way of giving access to at least the metadata of these resources, and for their thematic indexing.
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome After Bevacizumab/FOLFIRI Regimen for Metastatic Colon Cancer (2006)

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following treatment with angiogenesis modulators can occur. In addition to raising clinical suspicion in appropriate patients, this report may yield clues to the pathophysiologic underpinnings of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.
Estrogen Withdrawal-Induced NF-κB Activity and Bcl-3 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells: Roles in Growth and Hormone Independence (2003)

About one-third of breast cancers express a functional estrogen (beta-estradiol [E2]) receptor (ER) and are initially dependent on E2 for growth and survival but eventually progress to hormone independence. We show here that ER(+), E2-independent MCF-7/LCC1 cells derived from E2-dependent MCF-7 cells contain elevated basal NF-kappaB activity and elevated expression of the transcriptional coactivator Bcl-3 compared with the parental MCF-7 line. LCC1 NF-kappaB activity consists primarily of p50 dimers, although low levels of a p65/p50 complex are also present. The ER(-) breast cancer cell lines harbor abundant levels of both NF-kappaB complexes. In contrast, nuclear extracts from MCF-7 cells contain a significantly lower level of p50 and p65 than do LCC1 cells. Estrogen withdrawal increases both NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and expression of Bcl-3 in MCF-7 and LCC1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Tumors derived from MCF-7 cells ectopically expressing Bcl-3 remain E2 dependent but display a markedly higher tumor establishment and growth rate compared to controls. Expression of a stable form of IkappaBalpha in LCC1 cells severely reduced nuclear expression of p65 and the p65/p50 DNA binding heterodimer. Whereas LCC1 tumors in nude mice were stable or grew, LCC1(IkappaBalpha) tumors regressed after E2 withdrawal. Thus, both p50/Bcl-3- and p65/p50-associated NF-kappaB activities are activated early in progression and serve differential roles in growth and hormone independence, respectively. We propose that E2 withdrawal may initiate selection for hormone independence in breast cancer cells by activation of NF-kappaB and Bcl-3, which could then supplant E2 by providing both survival and growth signals.
An introduction to free radical biochemistry (1993)

Free radicals are chemical species possessing an unpaired electron that can be considered as fragments of molecules and which are generally very reactive. They are produced continuously in cells either as accidental by-products of metabolism or deliberately during, for example, phagocytosis. The most important reactants in free radical biochemistry in aerobic cells are oxygen and its radical derivatives (superoxide and hydroxyl radical), hydrogen peroxide and transition metals. Cells have developed a comprehensive array of antioxidant defences to prevent free radical formation or limit their damaging effects. These include enzymes to decompose peroxides, proteins to sequester transition metals and a range of compounds to 'scavenge' free radicals. Reactive free radicals formed within cells can oxidise biomolecules and lead to cell death and tissue injury. Establishing the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of a disease is extremely difficult due to the short lifetimes of these species.
Two-Stage Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol Allowing Introduction of Multiple Mutations, Deletions, and Insertions, Using QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2002)

The invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1,2) provided a powerful tool to modify DNA sequences in genetic engineering. With numerous mutagenesis methods available, such as traditional sequential PCR (3), “megaprimer PCR”(4–7), marker-coupled PCR (8), and so on, introducing changes to DNA sequences has become less tedious and more efficient. Recently, marketed site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) kits, such as Transformer™ Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Clontech, San Francisco, CA), and Altered Site® II in vitro Site-Directed Mutagenesis Systems (Promega, Madison, WI), even eliminate the necessity of subcloning the amplified fragment.
Suppression of neural fate and control of inner ear morphogenesis byTbx1 (2004)

Inner ear sensory organs and VIIIth cranial ganglion neurons of the auditory/vestibular pathway derive from an ectodermal placode that invaginates to form an otocyst. We show that in the mouse otocyst epithelium, Tbx1 suppresses neurogenin 1-mediated neural fate determination and is required for induction or proper patterning of gene expression related to sensory organ morphogenesis (Otx1 and Bmp4, respectively). Tbx1 loss-of-function causes dysregulation of neural competence in otocyst regions linked to the formation of either mechanosensory or structural sensory organ epithelia. Subsequently, VIIIth ganglion rudiment form is duplicated posteriorly, while the inner ear is hypoplastic and shows neither a vestibular apparatus nor a coiled cochlear duct. We propose that Tbx1 acts in the manner of a selector gene to control neural and sensory organ fate specification in the otocyst.
Abstract 3369: The importance of dose schedule with Hsp90 inhibitors: Results from a Phase II study in dogs with mast cell tumors. (2013)

Abstract Purpose: STA-1474 is the prodrug of ganetespib, currently the most advanced Hsp90 inhibitor in human clinical trials. In a Phase I clinical trial, STA-1474 demonstrated biologic activity in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Data from this trial suggested that longer drug infusion times (8 hours versus 1 hour) were potentially associated with greater biologic activity. The purpose of the following study was to extend these observations and identify the optimum dosing schedule of STA-1474 in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCT). Experimental Design: This was a Phase 2 trial in which dogs with spontaneous MCT received STA-1474 (6 mg/kg, per week) under one of four different dosing schedules: once weekly with a 1 hour infusion (cohort A) or 8 hour infusion (cohort B), or twice weekly with a 1 hour infusion given 24 hour (cohort C) or 72 hour (cohort D) between doses. Toxicities, biomarker changes from pre- and two post-treatment biopsies, and tumor responses were assessed. Results: Twenty-four chemotherapy and radiation naïve dogs with MCT were enrolled. Toxicities were mild and primarily gastrointestinal in nature consisting of diarrhea, vomiting, inappetence and lethargy. Measurable responses were observed from dogs in cohort A (SD=5, PD=1), cohort B (PR=2, SD=4), cohort C (PR=3, SD=3) and cohort D (PR=2, SD=1, PD=1). Biopsies are currently being evaluated by reverse phase protein array and results will be presented. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence that prolonged exposure to STA-1474 improves biological activity. Dosing STA-1474 on two consecutive days yielded the greatest objective responses (50%) and a disease control rate of 100%. Given the similarities of canine and human cancers with respect to tumor biology and HSP90 synthesis following its inhibition, it is likely that more frequent exposure to ganetespib will demonstrate comparable anti-cancer activity in human patients and is currently being evaluated in a Phase I study. Citation Format: Cheryl A. London, Misty D. Bear, David A. Proia. The importance of dose schedule with Hsp90 inhibitors: Results from a Phase II study in dogs with mast cell tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3369. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3369
Combining 2-level logic families in grid-based nanoscale fabrics (2007)

Most proposed architectures for nanoscale computing systems are based on a certain type of 2-level logic family, e.g., AND-OR, NOR-NOR, etc. In this paper, we propose a new fabric architecture that combines different logic families in the same nanofabric. To achieve this we apply very minor modifications on the way a nanogrid is controlled but without changing the basic manufacturing assumptions. This new hybrid 2-level logic based fabric yields higher density for the applications mapped to it. When fault tolerance techniques are added it significantly improves fault tolerance. A nanoscale processor is implemented on this fabric for evaluation purposes. We found that compared with an implementation on a NASIC (nanoscale application specific IC) fabric with one type of 2-level logic, the density of this processor improves by up to 48% by using the hybrid logic. Furthermore, the yield is improved by 22% at 5% defective transistors and by 4X at 10% defect rates. Detailed analysis on density and yield is provided. The approach is applicable in grid-based fabrics in general: e.g., it can be used in both NASIC and CMOL designs.
Section D. nutritive value of milk and milk products. Fat soluble vitamins in milk and milk products (1968)

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Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: An autoimmune disorder regulated through dynamic autoantigen assembly/disassembly (2007)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the most common drug-induced, antibody-mediated cause of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. HIT is caused by IgG antibodies that bind to epitopes on platelet factor 4 (PF4) released from activated platelets that develop when it forms complexes with heparin. Anti-PF4/antibodies develop in over 50% of patients undergoing surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), an incidence 20-fold higher than HIT. Why might this occur? Binding of HIT IgG occurs only over a narrow molar ratio of reactants, being optimal at 1 mol PF4 tetramer to 1 mol unfractionated heparin (UFH). At these ratios, PF4 and UFH form ultralarge (>670 kD) complexes that bind multiple IgG molecules/complex, are highly antigenic, and promote platelet activation. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), which is less antigenic, forms ultralarge complexes less efficiently and largely at supratherapeutic concentrations. In transgenic mice that vary in expression of human PF4 on their platelets, antigenic complexes form between PF4 and endogenous chondroitin sulfate. Binding of HIT IgG to platelets and induction of thrombocytopenia in vivo is proportional to PF4 expression. Heparin prolongs the duration and exacerbates the severity of the thrombocytopenia. High doses of heparin, as used in CPB, or protamine, which competes with PF4 for heparin, disrupts antigen formation and prevents thrombocytopenia induced by HIT antibody. These studies may help explain the disparity between the incidence of antibody formation and clinical disease and may help identify patients at risk for HIT (high platelet PF4). They also demonstrate that this autoimmune disease can be modulated at the level of autoantigen formation and point to rational means to intervene proximal to thrombin generation.
Multivariate analysis of DNA ploidy, p53, c-erbB-2 proteins, EGFR, and steroid hormone receptors for short-term prognosis in breast cancer. (1997)

Among molecular-genetic prognostic factors, c-erbB-2 was the most strongly predictive of poor short term prognosis followed by p53 in lymph node positive breast cancer.
A Prospective Study of Cholesterol, Apolipoproteins, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction (1991)

This study underscores the importance of HDL cholesterol in predicting the risk of myocardial infarction and demonstrates protective effects of both the HDL3 and HDL2 subfractions of HDL cholesterol. We found little or no predictive value for the levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B or HDL subfractions after conventional risk factors and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol were considered.
Metabolic switching of human myotubes is improved by n-3 fatty acids (2010)

The aim of the present study was to examine whether pretreatment with different fatty acids, as well as the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317, could modify metabolic switching of human myotubes. The n-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased suppressibility, the ability of glucose to suppress FA oxidation. Substrate-regulated flexibility, the ability to increase FA oxidation when changing from a high glucose, low fatty acid condition ("fed") to a high fatty acid, low glucose ("fasted") condition, was increased by EPA and other n-3 FAs. Adaptability, the capacity to increase FA oxidation with increasing FA availability, was enhanced after pretreatment with EPA, linoleic acid (LA), and palmitic acid (PA). T0901317 counteracted the effect of EPA on suppressibility and adaptability, but it did not affect these parameters alone. EPA per se accumulated less, however, EPA, LA, oleic acid, and T0901317 treatment increased the number of lipid droplets (LD) in myotubes. LD volume and intensity, as well as mitochondrial mass, were independent of FA pretreatment. Microarray analysis showed that EPA regulated more genes than the other FAs and that specific pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism were induced only by EPA. The present study suggests a favorable effect of n-3 FAs on skeletal muscle metabolic switching and glucose utilization.
Mitochondrial uncouplers with an extraordinary dynamic range (2007)

We have discovered that some weak uncouplers (typified by butylated hydroxytoluene) have a dynamic range of more than 10(6) in vitro: the concentration giving measurable uncoupling is less than one millionth of the concentration causing full uncoupling. They achieve this through a high-affinity interaction with the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase that causes significant but limited uncoupling at extremely low uncoupler concentrations, together with more conventional uncoupling at much higher concentrations. Uncoupling at the translocase is not by a conventional weak acid/anion cycling mechanism since it is also caused by substituted triphenylphosphonium molecules, which are not anionic and cannot protonate. Covalent attachment of the uncoupler to a mitochondrially targeted hydrophobic cation sensitizes it to membrane potential, giving a small additional effect. The wide dynamic range of these uncouplers in isolated mitochondria and intact cells reveals a novel allosteric activation of proton transport through the adenine nucleotide translocase and provides a promising starting point for designing safer uncouplers for obesity therapy.
Anterior capsulotomy using the CO 2 laser (1998)

Continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) is the preferred technique for removal of the anterior capsule during cataract surgery due to this technique assuring accurate centration of the intraocular lens. During modern cataract surgery, especially with small or foldable intra ocular lenses, centration of the lens is obligatory. Radial tears at the margin of an anterior capsulotomy may be associated with the exit of at least one loop of an intraocular lens out of the capsular bag ('pea pod' effect) and its subsequent decentration. The anterior capsule is more likely to ream intact if the continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) technique is used. Although manual capsulorhexis is an ideal anterior capsulectomy technique for adults, many ophthalmologists are still uncomfortable with it and find it difficult to perform, especially in complicated cases such as these done behind small pupil, cataract extraction in children and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. We have developed a technique using a CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser system for safe anterior capsulotomy and tested it in animal eyes.
Phenotypic Analysis of Prostate-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Reveals TH17 and Treg Skewing (2008)

Taken together, these data suggest that TH17 and/or Treg CD4+ T cells (rather than TH2 T cells) may be involved in the development or progression of prostate cancer.
Integrated Data Management (2018)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology and a set of tools that consists of the process of generating, storing, managing, exchanging, and sharing building information among construction project stakeholders that enhances the productivity of project requirements and output. Although BIM was first developed with a focal point on the design field, it has become widely noticeable and also received attention among the contractors. Thus, the aim of this paper is to discover BIM's application in contractors' scope of works. Literature review and survey were carried out to identify the barriers and issues of BIM, the construction project processes that involve BIM implementation, as well as BIM's benefits and success strategies towards engaging construction stakeholders in BIM application. The survey was carried out among the Grade 7 (G7) Contractors in Klang Valley. Based on the results obtained from 51 respondents who participated in the survey, findings from quantitative and qualitative questionnaire revealed that the barriers and issues of BIM are contractors' resistance to change, lack of knowledge, and BIM's perceived costs. Four general issues on BIM tools were identified. BIM implementation during construction stage can benefit from better coordination, collaboration, improved communication, and sharing of information among construction practitioners, can improve accuracy in terms of cost and reduce wastage due to rework. In order to encourage the contractors to implement BIM in their practices, four success strategies on BIM were identified. These strategies can increase the quality of Malaysian construction projects as well as improve the image of the industry.
V 2 O 5 Xerogel Films as Intercalation Hosts for Lithium: I . Insertion Stoichiometry, Site Concentration, and Specific Energy (1995)

Li is intercalated into (XRG) films up to a stoichiometry of . The spin‐coated films are highly reversible hosts for Li and do not support cointercalation of solvent molecules. The specific energy , and specific capacity are higher than any reported previously for xerogel materials or for other vanadium oxides. It is noted that (XRG) resembles amorphous modified to some extent by the ordered arrangement of ribbons and fibrils in the dried films.
Nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding HSV-2 glycoproteins C, D, and E prevents clinical and subclinical genital herpes (2019)

The goals of a genital herpes vaccine are to prevent painful genital lesions and reduce or eliminate subclinical infection that risks transmission to partners and newborns. We evaluated a trivalent glycoprotein vaccine containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) entry molecule glycoprotein D (gD2) and two immune evasion molecules: glycoprotein C (gC2), which binds complement C3b, and glycoprotein E (gE2), which blocks immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc activities. The trivalent vaccine was administered as baculovirus proteins with CpG and alum, or the identical amino acids were expressed using nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Both formulations completely prevented genital lesions in mice and guinea pigs. Differences emerged when evaluating subclinical infection. The trivalent protein vaccine prevented dorsal root ganglia infection, and day 2 and 4 vaginal cultures were negative in 23 of 30 (73%) mice compared with 63 of 64 (98%) in the mRNA group (<i>P</i> = 0.0012). In guinea pigs, 5 of 10 (50%) animals in the trivalent subunit protein group had vaginal shedding of HSV-2 DNA on 19 of 210 (9%) days compared with 2 of 10 (20%) animals in the mRNA group that shed HSV-2 DNA on 5 of 210 (2%) days (<i>P</i> = 0.0052). The trivalent mRNA vaccine was superior to trivalent proteins in stimulating ELISA IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibodies that bind to crucial gD2 epitopes involved in entry and cell-to-cell spread, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses, and T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses. The trivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine is a promising candidate for human trials.
Selective Fluorescence Quenching of 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene by Nucleotides (2003)

[reaction: see text] The fluorescence quenching of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene (DBO) by nucleotides has been studied. The quenching mechanism was analyzed on the basis of deuterium isotope effects, tendencies for exciplex formation, and the quenching efficiency in the presence of a molecular container (cucurbit[7]uril). Exciplex-induced quenching appears to prevail for adenosine, cytidine, and uridine, while hydrogen abstraction becomes competitive for thymidine and guanosine. Compared to other fluorescent probes, DBO responds very selectively to the type of nucleotide.