gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StarWars Laser Technology Applied to Drilling and Completing Gas Wells (1998)

Abstract This paper describes results of the first phase of a Gas Research Institute (GRI) funded research program. The overall purpose of this research is to advance a fundamental change in the method currently used to drill and complete natural gas wells applying the U.S. Defense Department's StarWars laser technology. Results of tests conducted at the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army's high power laser research facilities are presented. Initial testing on reservoir rocks conducted with the Mid Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRACL) at the U.S. Army's High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility at White Sands, New Mexico, showed the potential for laser drilling. The laser beam drilled at a speed that indicates penetration could be increased by more than 100 times current rates. Planned testing for the next phase of this research is to use the Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) high powered laser invented in 1977 by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for air-to-air defense. COIL has gained notoriety as an airborne laser tactical weapon capable of tracking and destroying missiles. An annotated bibliography was developed for the GRI that comprehensively reviews published laser-rock interaction, current drilling research, and technical data related to laser applications in non-reservoir rocks.1 Developing commercial applications of StarWars laser technologies has commenced not only in the U.S., but also in Russia and the former Soviet Union.
Comparative analysis of FUR regulons in gamma-proteobacteria (2001)

Iron is an essential element for the survival and pathogenesis of bacteria. The strict control of iron homeostasis is mediated by the FUR repressor, which is highly conserved among various bacterial species. Here we apply the comparative genomics approach to analyze candidate Fur-binding sites in the genomes of Escherichia coli (K12 and O157:H7), Salmonella typhi, Yersinia pestis and Vibrio cholerae. We describe a number of new loci encoding siderophore biosynthesis and transport proteins. A new regulator of iron-acquisition systems was found in S.typhi. We predict FUR regulation for several virulence systems. We also predict FUR regulation for the chemotaxis system of V.cholerae that is probably involved in the process of pathogenesis.
김치 발효숙성중의 Vitamin U 및 아미노산 함량의 변화 (2005)

본 연구에서는 배추김치를 종자별, 부위별, 저장조건별 유리당, vitamin C, amino acids의 함량을 분석하고 변화 경향을 조사하여 보았으며 vitamin C의 전구물질인 methionine과의 상관관계에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 유리당의 경우 core> middle> outward 부위 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며, midrib 부위의 함량이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. Vitamin U의 경우55일 배추 outward leaf 부위에서 함량이 가장 높았으며 저장기간이 증가 할수록 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유리 amino acids의 함량은 vitamin U와 같이 outward leaf 부위가 전반적으로 높았으며 특히 threonine, alanine, proline이 가장 풍부한 아미노산으로 조사되었다. Vitamin U의 전구물질인 methionine의 함량은 부위별, 저장조건별 큰 차이를 보여주었으나, vitamin U 함량에 미치는 영향에 대한 뚜렷한 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 【Vitamin U(S-methylmethionin) levels were affected by cultivars, portion and storage times in Kimchi made from Korean Chinese cabbages. From this study, the outward parts contained high levels of vitamin U in two cultivars of Winter Pride and 55 days. Vitamin U levels in Kimchi during storage were increased during fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$ . Leaf parts were 1.1-5.2 times higher in vitamin U levels than midribs in both cultivars. The levels of vitamin U were shown highest in outward leaf parts of 55 days cultivars. Like vitamin U, free amino acid also showed much higher levels in leaves. Levels of amino acids showed similarly changing patterns at different parts and cultivars of Korean Chinese cabbages in Kimchi. Threonine, alanine and proline appeared relatively abundant amino acids in most parts of sample. Moreover, methionine as a precursor of vitamin U has been reported that leaf parts contained the higher levels than midrib parts. But methionine was shown most core leaf parts. Methionine as a precursor of vitamin U, may not play a role in an increase of vitamin U of Korean Chinese cabbages in Kimchi.】
An approach to electrical modeling of single and multiple cells (2003)

Previous theoretical approaches to understanding effects of electric fields on cells have used partial differential equations such as Laplace's equation and cell models with simple shapes. Here we describe a transport lattice method illustrated by a didactic multicellular system model with irregular shapes. Each elementary membrane region includes local models for passive membrane resistance and capacitance, nonlinear active sources of the resting potential, and a hysteretic model of electroporation. Field amplification through current or voltage concentration changes with frequency, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity until the microwave range is reached, where cellular structure becomes almost "electrically invisible." In the time domain, membrane electroporation exhibits significant heterogeneity but occurs mostly at invaginations and cell layers with tight junctions. Such results involve emergent behavior and emphasize the importance of using multicellular models for understanding tissue-level electric field effects in higher organisms.
Prototyping Bubba, a highly parallel database system (1990)

Bubba is a highly parallel computer system for data-intensive applications. The basis of the Bubba design is a scalable shared-nothing architecture which can scale up to thousands of nodes. Data are declustered across the nodes (i.e. horizontally partitioned via hashing or range partitioning) and operations are executed at those nodes containing relevant data. In this way, parallelism can be exploited within individual transactions as well as among multiple concurrent transactions to improve throughput and response times for data-intensive applications. The current Bubba prototype runs on a commercial 40-node multicomputer and includes a parallelizing compiler, distributed transaction management, object management, and a customized version of Unix. The current prototype is described and the major design decisions that went into its construction are discussed. The lessons learned from this prototype and its predecessors are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antigenic Profiling of Glioma Cells to Generate Allogeneic Vaccines or Dendritic Cell–Based Therapeutics (2007)

These data provide proof-in-principle for the use of allogeneic, partially HLA patient-matched glioma cells for vaccine generation or for peptide pulsing with allogeneic glioma cell extracts of autologous patient dendritic cells to induce endogenous CTL in brain tumor patients.
SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ANTI-HCV ACTIVITY OF β-D- and L-2′-DEOXY-2′-FLUORORIBONUCLEOSIDES (2005)

Based on the discovery of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine as a potent anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agent, a series of beta-D- and L-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroibonucleosides with modifications at 5 and/or 4 positions were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against HCV and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The introduction of the 2'-fluoro group was achieved by either fluorination of 2,2'-anhydronucleosides with hydrogen fluoride-pyridine or potassium fluoride, or a fluorination of arabinonucleosides with DAST. Among the 27 analogues synthesized, only the 5-fluoro compounds, namely beta-D-2'-deoxy-2',5-difluorocytidine (5), had anti-HCV activity in the subgenomic HCV replicon cell line, and inhibitory activity against ribosomal RNA. As beta-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) had previously shown potent anti-HCV activity, the two functionalities of the N4-hydroxyl and the 2'-fluoro were combined into one molecule, yielding beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-N4-hydroxycytidine (12). However, this nucleoside showed neither anti-HCV activity nor toxicity. All the L-forms of the analogues were devoid of anti-HCV activity. None of the compounds showed anti-BVDV activity, suggesting that the BVDV system cannot reliably predict anti-HCV activity in vitro.
Diffraction-Based Cell Detection Using a Microcontact Printed Antibody Grating (1998)

An optical detector has been fabricated that is specific for targeted bacterial cells, by stamping an antibody grating pattern on a silicon surface. The antibody grating alone produces insignificant optical diffraction, but upon immunocapture of cells, the optical phase change produces a diffraction pattern. This technique eliminates much of the surface modifications and the secondary immunochemical or enzyme-linked steps that are common in immunoassays. Microcontact printing provides an alternative to previously reported photolithographic-mediated antibody patterning processes and uses a photolithographic process simply to produce the elastomeric stamp. We have stamped antibodies directly onto clean native oxide silicon substrates with no other chemical surface treatments. Direct binding of the antibodies to the silicon occurs in a way that still allows them to function and selectively bind antigen. The performance of the sensor was evaluated by capturing Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells on the antibody-stamped lines and measuring the intensity of the first-order diffraction beam resulting from the attachment of cells. The diffraction intensity increases in proportion to the cell density bound on the surface.
Molecular Bases Of Early Neural Development In Xenopus Embryos (1992)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Visual information seeking (1994)

ABSTRACT This paper offers new principles for visual information seeking (VIS). A key concept is to support browsing, which is distinguished from familiar query composition and information retrieval because of its emphasis on rapid filtering to reduce result sets, progressive refinement of search parameters, continuous reformulation of goals, and visual scanning to identify results. VIS principles developed include: dynamic query filters (query parameters are rapidly adjusted with sliders, buttons, maps, etc.), starfield displays (two-dimensional scatterplots to structure result sets and zooming to reduce clutter), and tight coupling (interrelating query components to preserve display invariants and support progressive refinement combined with an emphasis on using search output to foster search input). A FilmFinder prototype using a movie database demonstrates these principles in a VIS environment.
Selection of Antiepileptic Drug Polytherapy Based on Mechanisms of Action: The Evidence Reviewed (2000)

There is evidence that AED polytherapy based on mechanisms of action may enhance effectiveness. In particular, combining a sodium channel blocker with a drug enhancing GABAergic inhibition appears to be advantageous. Combining two GABA mimetic drugs or combining an AMPA antagonist with an NMDA antagonist may enhance efficacy, but tolerability is sometimes reduced. Combining two sodium channel blockers seems less promising. However, given the incomplete knowledge of the pathophysiology of seizures and indeed of the exact mechanisms of action of AEDs, an empirical but rational approach for evaluating AED combinations is of fundamental importance. This would involve appropriate testing of all possible combinations in animal models and subsequent evaluation of advantageous combinations in clinical trials. Testing procedures in animals should include the isobologram method, and the concept of drug load should be the basis of studies in patients with epilepsy.
Pharmacological dissection of multiple types of Ca2+ channel currents in rat cerebellar granule neurons (1995)

The diversity of Ca2+ channel types in rat cerebellar granule neurons was investigated with whole-cell recordings (5 mM external Ba2+). Contributions of five different high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel current components were distinguished pharmacologically. Nimodipine-sensitive L-type current and omega-CTx-GVIA-sensitive N-type current contributed 15 and 20% of the total current, respectively. The bulk of the remaining current (46%) was inhibited by omega-Aga-IVA. The current blocked by this toxin was further subdivided into two components, P-type and Q-type, on the basis of differences in their inactivation kinetics and sensitivity to omega-Aga-IVA. P-Type current was noninactivating during 0.1 sec depolarizations, half-blocked at about 1-3 nM omega-Aga-IVA, and contributed approximately 11% of the total current; Q-type current was prominently inactivating, half-blocked at approximately 90 nM omega-Aga-IVA, and comprised 35% of the total current. Both P- and Q-type currents were potently inhibited by the Conus magus toxin omega-CTx-MVIIC. A current component resistant to all of the aforementioned blockers (R-type) displayed more rapid inactivation than the other components and constituted 19% of the total current. The Q-type current, the largest of the current components in the granule neurons, resembles currents that can be generated in Xenopus oocytes by expression of cloned alpha 1A subunits.
Elevated expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in prostate cancer. (2003)

The findings demonstrate that tumor- associated elevations in the expression of several IAP family proteins occur as a frequent and early event in the etiology of prostate cancer.
Einleitung (1993)

Die Produktionsbedingungen im letzten Jahrzehnt sind in vielen Bereichen durch den Versuch gekennzeichnet, hohe Lagerbestände und die damit verbundenen Probleme möglichst zu vermeiden. Dies erreicht man zum einen dadurch, daß die Durchlaufzeiten gesenkt und näher am geplanten Auslieferungstermin produziert wird (JIT-Gedanke), zum anderen soll eine streng auftragsgebundene Produktion sicherstellen, daß nur solche Güter gefertigt werden, deren Absatz bereits gewährleistet ist.
Preclinical experiments on cognition enhancement in Alzheimer's disease: Drugs affecting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (2002)

Abstract Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a role in a variety of diseases of the central nervous system including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is currently great interest in evaluating AD‐related nAChR changes, and pharmacological treatment of nAChR deficits is a promising therapy. In AD, α7 nAChRs remain relatively stable in contrast to α4β2 nAChRs that are lost in substantial numbers. However, α7 nAChRs may be functionally impaired in AD because β‐amyloid, a major neuropathology in AD, blocks α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. Agonists selective to α7 or α4β2 nAChRs are neuroprotective against β‐amyloid. A preclinical test of cognition‐enhancing drugs affecting nAChRs is eyeblink classical conditioning. This task is severely impaired in human probable AD patients and is impaired by antagonists to nAChRs. Three drugs with different mechanisms of action on nAChRs (partial α7 nAChR agonism [GTS‐21], acetylcholinesterase inhibition and allosteric modulation [galantamine], nootropic activation [nefiracetam]) were tested in young and older rabbits using eyeblink classical conditioning. All three drugs ameliorated learning and memory impairments in older rabbits and reversed an antagonist to nAChRs in young rabbits. Galantamine, with its allosteric modulatory action, was the only drug that facilitated learning in young rabbits. On the basis of efficacy of these drugs that affect nAChRs in preclinical studies and in Phase I (GTS‐21), Phase II (nefiracetam), or Phase III (galantamine) clinical trials, exploration of nAChRs as targets for therapeutic intervention via a number of different pathways seems warranted. Drug Dev. Res. 56:335–346, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase 3 Study of Recombinant Factor IX Fc Fusion Protein in Hemophilia B (2013)

Prophylactic rFIXFc, administered every 1 to 2 weeks, resulted in low annualized bleeding rates in patients with hemophilia B. (Funded by Biogen Idec; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01027364.).
The Use of AlphaScreen Technology in HTS: Current Status (2008)

AlphaScreen (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screen) is versatile assay technology developed to measuring analytes using a homogenous protocol. This technology is an example of a bead-based proximity assay and was developed from a diagnostic assay technology known as LOCI (Luminescent Oxygen Channeling Assay). Here, singlet oxygen molecules, generated by high energy irradiation of Donor beads, travel over a constrained distance (approx. 200 nm) to Acceptor beads. This results in excitation of a cascading series of chemical reactions, ultimately causing generation of a chemiluminescent signal.In the past decade, a wide variety of applications has been reported, ranging from detection of analytes involved in cell signaling, including protein:protein, protein:peptide, protein:small molecule or peptide:peptide interactions. Numerous homogeneous HTS-optimized assays have been reported using the approach, including generation of second messengers (such as accumulation of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol [1, 4, 5] trisphosphate or phosphorylated ERK) from liganded GPCRs or tyrosine kinase receptors, post-translational modification of proteins (such as proteolytic cleavage, phosphorylation, ubiquination and sumoylation) as well as protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions.Recently, the basic AlphaScreen technology was extended in that the chemistry of the Acceptor bead was modified such that emitted light is more intense and spectrally defined, thereby markedly reducing interference from biological fluid matrices (such as trace hemolysis in serum and plasma). In this format, referred to as AlphaLISA, it provides an alternative technology to classical ELISA assays and is suitable for high throughput automated fluid dispensing and detection systems.Collectively, AlphaScreen and AlphaLISA technologies provide a facile assay platform with which one can quantitate complex cellular processes using simple no-wash microtiter plate based assays. They provide the means by which large compound libraries can be screened in a high throughput fashion at a diverse range of therapeutically important targets, often not readily undertaken using other homogeneous assay technologies. This review assesses the current status of the technology in drug discovery, in general, and high throughput screening (HTS), in particular.
MRI image segmentation and volume extraction for clinical study (2011)

Image segmentation aims to separate objects of interests from the background in an image. It has an important role in image processing, with a variety of applications such as image visualization, object detection, and volumetric measurement. In clinical applications, tumor volume measurement plays an important role in which physicians need to quantify tumor growth over a period of time. This volume measurement is done by segmenting the tumor from its surroundings in a sequence of 2D images. Due to the fact that growing number of patients or increase in medical data, manual segmentation becomes a difficult task as it needs more time and the accuracy of segmentation depends on the expertise. For this reason, we need automatic or semi-automatic techniques for segmentation and analysis of medical images. This work has been focusing on automatic segmentation of the tumor in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images and its quantitative volume measurement, which depends strongly on the accuracy of the segmentation result. Accurate segmentation can be achieved by using an improved level set method which utilizes the image information in local regions for doing segmentation slice-by-slice. The resultant volume is compared with the ground truth volume obtained by manual segmentation. The performance evaluation is done by using statistical measures such as positive predictive value, Jaccard similarity index, and tumor volume accuracy measurement and the results are promising.
SELDI ProteinChip® Array Technology: Protein‐Based Predictive Medicine and Drug Discovery Applications (2003)

Predictive medicine, utilizing the ProteinChip(R) Array technology, will develop through the implementation of novel biomarkers and multimarker patterns for detecting disease, determining patient prognosis, monitoring drug effects such as efficacy or toxicity, and for defining treatment options. These biomarkers may also serve as novel protein drug candidates or protein drug targets. In addition, the technology can be used for discovering small molecule drugs or for defining their mode of action utilizing protein-based assays. In this review, we describe the following applications of the ProteinChip Array technology: (1) discovery and identification of novel inhibitors of HIV-1 replication, (2) serum and tissue proteome analysis for the discovery and development of novel multimarker clinical assays for prostate, breast, ovarian, and other cancers, and (3) biomarker and drug discovery applications for neurological disorders.
Getting Started with Neurofeedback (2005)

Neurofeedback training combines the principles of complementary medicine with the power of electronics. It is a comprehensive system that promotes growth change at the cellular level of the brain and empowers the client to use his or her mind as a tool for personal healing.Until now, there has not been a single comprehensive yet easy-to-understand guide for clinicians interested in adding neurotherapy to their practice. Getting Started with Neurofeedback is a step-by-step guide for professional health care providers who wish to begin with neurotherapy, as well as experienced clinicians who are looking for a concise treatment guide.This book answers essential questions such as: How does neurotherapy work?, What is the rationale for treatment? When is neurotherapy the treatment of choice? Why should I add it to my already existing healthcare practice? The author also answers questions important to establishing a successful practice such as: What kind of training should clinicians get? What kind of equipment should clinicians buy? How can clinicians add neurofeedback to their existing practice?The first part of the book introduces the reader to the world of neurofeedback, its history and scientific basis. Case studies help clinicians apply what they are learning to their existing practice. Demos takes the mystery out of the assessment process and charts and examples of topographical brain maps (in full color) serve as teaching aids. Later in the book, advanced techniques are explained and demonstrated by additional case studies. The reader is shown how to use biofeedback for the body to augment neurofeedback training as well as being taught to work with the body and acquire a basic knowledge of complementary medicine.The book concludes by offering clinicians practical suggestions on marketing their expanded practice, purchasing equipment, finding appropriate training and supervision, and keeping up with the ever-growing profession of neurofeedback. Research and theory unite to demonstrate the clinical underpinnings for this exciting new modality.
Capacitance free generation and detection of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines (1988)

By reanalyzing an earlier experiment to generate subpicosecond pulses using photoconductive switches (M.B. Ketchen, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.48, pp.751-753, 1986), it is shown that to first order, the sliding-contact generation site has no capacitance. This conclusion is further supported by a double sliding-contact experiment where, to first order, neither the generation nor the detection site has any capacitance. This result removes the parasitic capacitance of the electrical circuit as one of the major difficulties to short electrical pulse generation using photoconductive switches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>