gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric apertures as intracavity lenses in vertical-cavity lasers (1996)

Dielectric current apertures are shown to be effective as intracavity lenses for reduced optical losses in vertical-cavity lasers. The Gaussian resonator theory is applied to obtain a mode radius, and this is shown to be in good agreement with experiment as well as a recently proposed uniform waveguide model.
Deep Floor Plan Recognition Using a Multi-Task Network with Room-Boundary-Guided Attention (2019)

This paper presents a new approach to recognize elements in floor plan layouts. Besides walls and rooms, we aim to recognize diverse floor plan elements, such as doors, windows and different types of rooms, in the floor layouts. To this end, we model a hierarchy of floor plan elements and design a deep multi-task neural network with two tasks: one to learn to predict room-boundary elements, and the other to predict rooms with types. More importantly, we formulate the room-boundary-guided attention mechanism in our spatial contextual module to carefully take room-boundary features into account to enhance the room-type predictions. Furthermore, we design a cross-and-within-task weighted loss to balance the multi-label tasks and prepare two new datasets for floor plan recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of our network over the state-of-the-art methods.
[Ecological threat for human health during the electrical and anomalous geomagnetic fields' influence (review of the literature)]. (2005)

The work deals with the peculiarities of weak electromagnetic fields' influence on organism. It is shown that in conditions of magnetic anomaly the intensified geomagnetic field is considered to be the main natural principally unavoidable factor. The combination of anomalous and electromagnetic fields as well as their various combinations with other different by nature factors can present certain risk for the health of servicemen and population of magnetic anomaly region.
Interleukin-8/CXCL8 is a growth factor for human lung cancer cells (2004)

Interleukin-8/CXCL8 (IL-8) is a chemokine and angiogenic factor. Recently, IL-8 was identified as an autocrine growth factor in several human cancers. Here, we investigated the expression and function of IL-8 in lung cancer cells. The expressions of IL-8 and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, were examined in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that all NSCLC cell lines tested produced modest or high levels of IL-8 (up to 51 ng ml(-1) 10(6) cells(-1)). Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was found by RT-PCR and flow cytometry in two out of three cell lines. In contrast, SCLC cell lines produced very low or undetectable levels of IL-8, but expressed CXCR1 and CXCR2. We next investigated whether IL-8 could act as an autocrine growth factor in two NSCLC cell lines (H460 and MOR/P) expressing both IL-8 and its receptors. We found that cell proliferation was attenuated by anti-IL-8 neutralising antibody to 71 and 76% in H460 and MOR/P, respectively (P<0.05). Exogenous IL-8 significantly stimulated cell proliferation in four SCLC cell lines tested in a dose-dependent fashion. Cell proliferation was increased by between 18% (P<0.05) and 37% (P<0.05). Stimulation of cell proliferation by IL-8 was also demonstrated by analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and cell cycle in H69 cells. Furthermore, we investigated which receptor(s) mediated the mitogenic function of IL-8 in lung cancer cells. We found that cell proliferation was significantly reduced by anti-CXCR1 antibody but not by anti-CXCR2 antibody. In conclusion, IL-8 can act as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor for lung cancer cells, and the mitogenic function of IL-8 in lung cancer is mediated mainly by CXCR1 receptor.
Back‐contact solar cells: a review (2005)

Abstract Ever since the first publications by R.J. Schwartz in 1975, research into back‐contact cells as an alternative to cells with a front and rear contact has remained a research topic. In the last decade, interest in back‐contact cells has been growing and a gradual introduction to industrial applications is emerging. The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of results obtained throughout the years. Back‐contact cells are divided into three main classes: back‐junction (BJ), emitter wrap‐through (EWT) and metallisation wrap‐through (MWT), each introduced as logical descendents from conventional solar cells. This deviation from the chronology of the developments is maintained during the discussion of technological results. In addition to progress on manufacturing these cells, aspects of cell modelling and module manufacturing are discussed and an outlook towards industrial implementation is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
PTPN13/PTPL1: An Important Regulator of Tumor Aggressiveness (2011)

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays a major role in many cellular functions implicated in cancer development and progression, but only a few of the known protein tyrosine phosphatases have yet been clearly classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. PTPL1 interacts with tumor-associated proteins, suggesting a link between PTPL1, the PTPN13 gene product, and tumorigenesis or cancer progression. However, the impact of PTPL1 on cancer is divided between its capacity to counteract the activity of oncogenic tyrosine kinases and its inhibitory interaction with the death receptor, Fas. In this manuscript, we review the PTPL1-interacting proteins implicated in cancer. In addition, we examine the phenotypic arguments concerning both the PTPL1/Fas interaction and the ability of PTPL1 to inhibit signaling from growth factor receptors or oncogenes with tyrosine kinase activity. Finally, we compare the alterations in expression and the genetic and epigenetic arguments supporting an oncogenic or an anti-oncogenic impact of PTPL1.
Serum Vpr regulates productive infection and latency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1994)

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, the vast majority of infected peripheral blood cells and lymph node cells may be latently or nonproductively infected. The vpr open reading frame of HIV-1 encodes a 15-kDa virion-associated protein, Vpr. The vpr gene has been shown to increase virus replication in T cells and monocyte/macrophages in vitro. We have previously reported that vpr expression in various tumor lines leads to growth inhibition and differentiation, indicating that Vpr may function as a regulator of cellular permissiveness to HIV replication. Here we show that Vpr protein is present in significant amounts in the serum of AIDS patients. Purified serum Vpr activated virus expression from five latently infected cell lines, U1, OM.10.1, ACH-2, J1.1, and LL58. Serum Vpr also activated virus expression from resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected individuals. Together, these findings implicate serum Vpr in the activation of HIV replication in vivo and in the control of latency. Anti-Vpr antibodies inhibited Vpr activity, suggesting that humoral immunity modulates Vpr activity in vivo. These results have broad implications for the virus life cycle and for the prospective control of HIV replication and pathogenesis.
CXCL12 Limits Inflammation by Localizing Mononuclear Infiltrates to the Perivascular Space during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2006)

The inflammatory response in the CNS begins with the movement of leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier in a multistep process that requires cells to pass through a perivascular space before entering the parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms that orchestrate this movement are not known. The chemokine CXCL12 is highly expressed throughout the CNS by microendothelial cells under normal conditions, suggesting it might play a role maintaining the blood-brain barrier. We tested this hypothesis in the setting of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by using AMD3100, a specific antagonist of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. We demonstrate that the loss of CXCR4 activation enhances the migration of infiltrating leukocytes into the CNS parenchyma. CXCL12 is expressed at the basolateral surface of CNS endothelial cells in normal spinal cord and at the onset of EAE. This polarity is lost in vessels associated with an extensive parenchymal invasion of mononuclear cells during the peak of disease. Inhibition of CXCR4 activation during the induction of EAE leads to loss of the typical intense perivascular cuffs, which are replaced with widespread white matter infiltration of mononuclear cells, worsening the clinical severity of the disease and increasing inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest a novel anti-inflammatory role for CXCL12 during EAE in that it functions to localize CXCR4-expressing mononuclear cells to the perivascular space, thereby limiting the parenchymal infiltration of autoreactive effector cells.
Adaptive clustering for mobile wireless networks (1997)

This paper describes a self-organizing, multihop, mobile radio network which relies on a code-division access scheme for multimedia support. In the proposed network architecture, nodes are organized into nonoverlapping clusters. The clusters are independently controlled, and are dynamically reconfigured as the nodes move. This network architecture has three main advantages. First, it provides spatial reuse of the bandwidth due to node clustering. Second, bandwidth can be shared or reserved in a controlled fashion in each cluster. Finally, the cluster algorithm is robust in the face of topological changes caused by node motion, node failure, and node insertion/removal. Simulation shows that this architecture provides an efficient, stable infrastructure for the integration of different types of traffic in a dynamic radio network.
Improving Training of Deep Neural Networks via Singular Value Bounding (2017)

Deep learning methods achieve great success recently on many computer vision problems. In spite of these practical successes, optimization of deep networks remains an active topic in deep learning research. In this work, we focus on investigation of the network solution properties that can potentially lead to good performance. Our research is inspired by theoretical and empirical results that use orthogonal matrices to initialize networks, but we are interested in investigating how orthogonal weight matrices perform when network training converges. To this end, we propose to constrain the solutions of weight matrices in the orthogonal feasible set during the whole process of network training, and achieve this by a simple yet effective method called Singular Value Bounding (SVB). In SVB, all singular values of each weight matrix are simply bounded in a narrow band around the value of 1. Based on the same motivation, we also propose Bounded Batch Normalization (BBN), which improves Batch Normalization by removing its potential risk of ill-conditioned layer transform. We present both theoretical and empirical results to justify our proposed methods. Experiments on benchmark image classification datasets show the efficacy of our proposed SVB and BBN. In particular, we achieve the state-of-the-art results of 3.06% error rate on CIFAR10 and 16.90% on CIFAR100, using off-the-shelf network architectures (Wide ResNets). Our preliminary results on ImageNet also show the promise in large-scale learning. We release the implementation code of our methods at www.aperture-lab.net/research/svb.
Template-Free Formation of Monodisperse Doughnut-Shaped Silica Microparticles by Droplet-Based Microfluidics (2011)

Monodisperse doughnut-shaped silica microparticles are fabricated by a facile approach based on droplet microfluidics. As a result of rapid water diffusion, emulsion sol droplets shrink in the microfluidic channel. Inhomogeneous evaporation and buckling instability subsequently result in doughnut-shaped silica.
Optimal Auction Design (1981)

This paper considers the problem faced by a seller who has a single object to sell to one of several possible buyers, when the seller has imperfect information about how much the buyers might be willing to pay for the object. The seller's problem is to design an auction game which has a Nash equilibrium giving him the highest possible expected utility. Optimal auctions are derived in this paper for a wide class of auction design problems.
Review on the APP/PS1KI mouse model: intraneuronal Aβ accumulation triggers axonopathy, neuron loss and working memory impairment (2008)

Accumulating evidence points to an important role of intraneuronal Abeta as a trigger of the pathological cascade of events leading to neurodegeneration and eventually to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its typical clinical symptoms, like memory impairment and change in personality. As a new concept, intraneuronal accumulation of Abeta instead of extracellular Abeta deposition has been introduced to be the disease-triggering event in AD. The present review compiles current knowledge on the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1KI mouse model with early and massive intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation: (1) The APP/PS1KI mouse model exhibits early robust brain and spinal cord axonal degeneration and hippocampal CA1 neuron loss. (2) At the same time-point, a dramatic, age-dependent reduced ability to perform working memory and motor tasks is observed. (3) The APP/PS1KI mice are smaller and show development of a thoracolumbar kyphosis, together with an incremental loss of body weight. (4) Onset of the observed behavioral alterations correlates well with robust axonal degeneration in brain and spinal cord and with abundant hippocampal CA1 neuron loss.
Dual Reporter Comparative Indexing of rAAV Pseudotyped Vectors in Chimpanzee Airway (2009)

Selecting the most efficient recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype for airway gene therapy has been difficult due to cross-specific differences in tropism and immune response between humans and animal models. Chimpanzees--the closest surviving genetic relative of humans--provide a valuable opportunity to select the most effective serotypes for clinical trials in humans. However, designing informative experiments using this protected species is challenging due to limited availability and experimental regulations. We have developed a method using Renilla luciferase (RL) and firefly luciferase (FL) reporters to directly index the relative transduction and immune response of two promising rAAV serotypes following lung coinfection. Analysis of differential luciferase activity in chimpanzee airway brushings demonstrated a 20-fold higher efficiency for rAAV1 over rAAV5 at 90 days, a finding that was similar in polarized human airway epithelia. T-cell responses to AAV5 capsid were stronger than AAV1 capsid. This dual vector indexing approach may be useful in selecting lead vector serotypes for clinical gene therapy and suggests rAAV1 is preferred for cystic fibrosis.
Particle size control in dispersion polymerization of polystyrene (1985)

In a dispersion polymerization process, the reaction mixture starts out as a homogeneous solution and the resulting polymer precipitates as spherical particles, stabilized by a steric barrier of dissolved polymer. The final polymer particle size is determined by the inherent polymer aggregation behaviour under a given set of conditions. In the present study styrene polymerization was studied in various solvents using cellulosic derivatives as the steric stabilizer. Some of these solvents in certain combinations allowed the direct preparation of particles in the micron size and their size distribution appeared to be highly dependent on the monomer–solvent–initiator system. Investigations of these factors have suggested that monodisperse particles up to 12 μm can be prepared in a single step; studies of several systems are delineated.
Acoustic-Radiation Force on a Solid Elastic Sphere (1969)

The acoustic radiation force on a solid sphere suspended freely in a plane progressive sound field is calculated taking into account the elasticity of the sphere. The radiation force versus ka curve, ka being the radius times the wavenumber in the surrounding medium, shows sharp maximums or minimums corresponding to resonance in every normal mode of free vibration of the sphere. The measurements made in our laboratory are in good agreement with the theory. The accuracy of absolute acoustic-intensity determination by the radiation-force method will be improved by the use of the present theory instead of King's.
Preclinical and Early Clinical Development of Keratinocyte Growth Factor, an Epithelial- Specific Tissue Growth Factor (1999)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a 28-kDa heparin-binding member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (alternative designation = FGF-7) that specifically binds to the KGF receptor, a splice variant of FGF receptor 2, which is expressed only in epithelial tissues. KGF has been identified as an important paracrine mediator of proliferation and differentiation in a wide variety of epithelial cells, including hepatocytes and gastrointestinal epithelial cells, type II pneumocytes, transitional urothelial cells, and keratinocytes in all stratified squamous epithelia. Systemic administration of recombinant human KGF (rHuKGF) provides significant cytoprotection to epithelial tissues in a number of different animal models of epithelial/mucosal damage, including models of injury to the gastrointestinal tract, lung, urinary bladder, and hair follicles. The results obtained with these preclinical models prompted an investigation of the use of rHuKGF as a cytoprotective agent against radiation- and/or chemotherapy-induced oral and gastrointestinal mucositis. Several dose- and time-variable studies were conducted in normal rhesus macaques to determine the lowest dose and shortest duration of rHuKGF administration required to induce oral mucosal proliferation without other significant systemic effects. Numerous studies were also conducted in murine models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis to fine-tune the dosing schedule. These studies showed that 2-3 days of rHuKGF administration were sufficient to induce significant oral mucosal proliferation and to protect against gastrointestinal mucositis when administered prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. The results from these models were used to design a phase I study in normal human volunteers to evaluate the safety of rHuKGF and its ability to induce oral mucosal proliferation. rHuKGF was well tolerated and induced a significant increase in markers of oral mucosal proliferation following 3 days of administration at the highest doses. Phase I/II studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rHuKGF in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis are currently in progress.
Crystal Structure of a Five-Finger GLI-DNA Complex: New Perspectives on Zinc Fingers (1993)

Zinc finger proteins, of the type first discovered in transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), are one of the largest and most important families of DNA-binding proteins. The crystal structure of a complex containing the five Zn fingers from the human GLI oncogene and a high-affinity DNA binding site has been determined at 2.6 A resolution. Finger one does not contact the DNA. Fingers two through five bind in the major groove and wrap around the DNA, but lack the simple, strictly periodic arrangement observed in the Zif268 complex. Fingers four and five of GLI make extensive base contacts in a conserved nine base-pair region, and this section of the DNA has a conformation intermediate between B-DNA and A-DNA. Analyzing the GLI complex and comparing it with Zif268 offers new perspectives on Zn finger-DNA recognition.
Horizontal drilling scores more successes (1990)

Horizontal drilling is receiving worldwide acceptance. This article document many of the wells drilled in 1989 and the 1990:0090 plans of operating companies. The discussion includes wells drilled with horizontal laterals in the producing reservoirs that are longer than 1,000 ft. Both new wells and recompletions of existing wells are included. The maximum angle of the horizontal laterals listed varies from 79.5{degrees} to 104{degrees}.
Green Tea Constituent Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Carcinoma Cells (1997)

Green tea may protect against cancer by causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. It needs to be evaluated in human trials.
Measuring thin-client performance using slow-motion benchmarking (2003)

Modern thin-client systems are designed to provide the same graphical interfaces and applications available on traditional desktop computers while centralizing administration and allowing more efficient use of computing resources. Despite the rapidly increasing popularity of these client-server systems, there are few reliable analyses of their performance. Industry standard benchmark techniques commonly used for measuring desktop system performance are ill-suited for measuring the performance of thin-client systems because these benchmarks only measure application performance on the server, not the actual user-perceived performance on the client. To address this problem, we have developed slow-motion benchmarking, a new measurement technique for evaluating thin-client systems. In slow-motion benchmarking, performance is measured by capturing network packet traces between a thin client and its respective server during the execution of a slow-motion version of a conventional benchmark application. These results can then be used either independently or in conjunction with conventional benchmark results to yield an accurate and objective measure of the performance of thin-client systems. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of slow-motion benchmarking by using this technique to measure the performance of several popular thin-client systems in various network environments on Web and multimedia workloads. Our results show that slow-motion benchmarking solves the problems with using conventional benchmarks on thin-client systems and is an accurate tool for analyzing the performance of these systems.
An all-optical modulation method in sub-micron scale (2015)

We report a theoretical study showing that by utilizing the illumination of an external laser, the Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) signals on the graphene sheet can be modulated in the sub-micron scale. The SPP wave can propagate along the graphene in the middle infrared range when the graphene is properly doped. Graphene's carrier density can be modified by a visible laser when the graphene sheet is exfoliated on the hydrophilic SiO2/Si substrate, which yields an all-optical way to control the graphene's doping level. Consequently, the external laser beam can control the propagation of the graphene SPP between the ON and OFF status. This all-optical modulation effect is still obvious when the spot size of the external laser is reduced to 400 nm while the modulation depth is as high as 114.7 dB/μm.
Gene Trap Tagging of PROLIFERA , an Essential MCM2-3-5 -Like Gene in Arabidopsis (1995)

Gene trap transposon mutagenesis can identify essential genes whose functions in later development are obscured by an early lethal phenotype. In higher plants, many genes are required for haploid gametophyte viability, so that the phenotypic effects of their disruption cannot be readily observed in the diploid plant body. The PROLIFERA (PRL) gene, identified by gene trap transposon mutagenesis in Arabidopsis, is required for megaga-metophyte and embryo development. Reporter gene expression patterns revealed that PRL was expressed in dividing cells throughout the plant. PRL is related to the MCM2-3-5 family of yeast genes that are required for the initiation of DNA replication.