gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies Specific to Epitopes of Tumor-Associated Mucin TAG-12 (1994)

The tumor-associated mucin-glycoprotein TAG-12 is strongly expressed in approximately 96% of all breast cancer patients and nearly 68% of all ovarian cancers. The experimental results of this work indicated that humoral immune response against TAG-12 is possible. Immunization with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies produces this response. In this experiment, anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies represent the internal image of a specific epitope on TAG-12. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12H12 was selected to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids) because of its high reactivity with TAG-12. Syngeneic murine anti-Ids were developed by immunization of BALB/c mice with the 12H12-Fab-KLH conjugate. A competitive assay with purified TAG-12 was utilized to identify anti-Ids with mirror image function. Two MAbs with "internal image" specificity were selected, 5H8 and 5H2. Two New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with 5H8. Serum samples tested 6 weeks after the initial immunization showed comparable titers against TAG-12. The binding capacities of the rabbit sera to different human breast as well as nonbreast cancer cell lines demonstrated strong binding with TAG-12-positive breast cancer cell lines. Competitive inhibition assays demonstrate that Ab3 and purified TAG-12 totally inhibit the binding of 12H12 antibody to TAG-12-positive cells. No inhibition was detectable with unrelated MAbs or normal mouse immunoglobulin. Binding assays with polyclonal Ab3 serum and several human cancer cell lines showed reactivity to nearly every tested cell line. Soluble TAG-12 showed no inhibition, indicating that this binding is due to a different set of idiotypes. Anti-Id 5H8 elicited an immune response to TAG-12. Utilization of anti-Id as a vaccine against the breast cancer-associated tumor antigen TAG-12 was successfully demonstrated in a xenogeneic animal model.
Regulation of locomotion and cell-cell contact area by the LFA-1 and ICAM-1 adhesion receptors (1992)

We demonstrate complementary differences in the behavior of B lymphoblastoid cells adhering to LFA-1 or its counter-receptor ICAM-1. The interaction of B lymphoblastoid cells with glass-supported planar bilayers bearing LFA-1 or ICAM-1 was observed by time-lapse video microscopy, and the distribution of adhesion receptors on cells interacting with the planar bilayers was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. B lymphoblasts formed a large contact area and crawled rapidly (up to 25 microns/min) on planar bilayers bearing ICAM-1. In contrast, these cells attached to planar bilayers bearing LFA-1 through a fixed point about which the cells actively pivoted, using a single stalk-like projection. Phorbol ester-stimulated lymphoblasts, which adhere more strongly to ICAM-1-bearing substrates than unstimulated lymphoblasts, were still capable of locomotion on ICAM-1. Phorbol ester stimulation of B lymphoblasts on planar bilayers bearing LFA-1 promoted a rapid conversion from "stalk" attachment to symmetrical spreading of the cell on the substrate. Cellular LFA-1 remained uniformly distributed on the cell surface during interaction with bilayers bearing purified ICAM-1 as determined by immunofluorescence. In contrast, ICAM-1 was concentrated in the stalk-like structure through which the unstimulated B lymphoblasts adhered to LFA-1 in planar bilayers, but ICAM-1 immunofluorescence became more uniformly distributed over the cell surface within minutes of phorbol ester addition. Neither LFA-1 or ICAM-1 colocalized with the prominent staining of filamentous actin in the ruffling membrane regions. Interaction through cell surface LFA-1 and ICAM-1, 2, or 3 promotes different cellular morphologies and behaviors, the correlation of which with previously observed patterns of lymphocyte interaction with different cell types is discussed.
InTouch 8 (1) (2002)

This is a newsletter of the World Bank country office Manila. This issue features: GOP-WB sign US$100M loan agreement for government anti-poverty program. WB-Government sign loan agreement for social expenditure management project : more textbooks and classrooms for schools, drugs for health programs. Helping improve the poor's living conditions : The World Bank has been helping the Philippines reduce poverty, which often affects the most vulnerable-families, women, children, the youth. It has supported government projects that aim to increase the access of the poor to basic social services like education, health, shelter; water and electricity. Featured here are some of these projects, which have made a difference in the lives of poor Filipinos. Get to know the Bank's new staff. World development report 2003: sustainable development in a dynamic world.
Glycosylation of Erythropoietin Affects Receptor Binding Kinetics:  Role of Electrostatic Interactions (2002)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine produced by the kidney whose function is to stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Previously, it was shown that the affinity of EPO for its receptor, EPOR, is inversely related to the sialylation of EPO carbohydrate. To better understand the properties of EPO that modulate its receptor affinity, various glycoforms were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance. The system used has been well characterized and is based on previous reports employing an EPOR-Fc chimera captured on a Protein A surface. Using three variants of EPO containing different levels of sialylation, we determined that sialic acid decreased the association rate constant (k(on)) about 3-fold. Furthermore, glycosylated EPO had a 20-fold slower k(on) than nonglycosylated EPO, indicating that the core carbohydrate also negatively impacted k(on). The effect of electrostatic forces on EPO binding was studied by measuring binding kinetics in varying NaCl concentrations. Increasing NaCl concentration resulted in a slower k(on) while having little impact on k(off), suggesting that long-range electrostatic interactions are primarily important in determining the rate of association between EPO and EPOR. Furthermore, the glycosylation content (i.e., nonglycosylated vs glycosylated, sialylated vs desialylated) affected the overall sensitivities of k(on) to [NaCl], indicating that sialic acid and the glycan itself each impact the overall effect of these electrostatic forces.
Detection of APC mutations in stool DNA of patients with colorectal cancer by HD‐PCR (1998)

In most cases the analysis of DNA mutations in presence of a high excess of wild type DNA fail because of the low sensitivity of the performed method for mutation detection. Here we describe the new high-sensitive and non-radioactive HD-PCR method (for HeteroDuplex-PCR). In opposite to the conventional analytical application the heteroduplex technique is performed to preparatively separate mutated from non-mutated PCR amplified DNA fragments. We used the new method to detect mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC in stool DNA from patients with sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Since the alteration of the APC gene occurs early in most colorectal tumors, the detection of APC mutations in fecal tumor DNA by HD-PCR may be a powerful tool in non-invasive cancer diagnostics. Hum Mutat 11:84–89, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CYTODYNAMICS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN TWO LINES OF MICE GENETICALLY SELECTED FOR "HIGH" AND "LOW" ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS (1972)

Two lines of mice have been separated by selective breeding for the character "agglutinin production to heterologous erythrocytes." Around the 18th generation of selection the two lines could be considered as homozygous for the character investigated. This trait is under the control of a group of additive genes. The interline difference in the production of anti-SE agglutinins was verified for the range of antigen doses from subimmunogenic to maximal. After intravenous immunization with an optimal dose of SE, the duration of the exponential rise in serum antibody was 4-5 days in both lines. At this time most of the interline difference in responsiveness is already expressed. A cytodynamic study carried out in terms of plaque-forming cells (PFC) and rosette-forming cells (RFC) in the spleen during the exponential phase showed that the principal interline difference is found in the doubling time of cells engaged in the immune response. More precise cytodynamic analysis made in terms of RFC showed that the doubling time of RFC is 9 hr in high responder and 16 hr in low responder mice. The duration of the exponential rise and the number of target cells stimulated by antigen is the same in both lines. The interline difference at the end of the exponential rise (4 days postimmunization) is larger in terms of serum antibody (30-40-fold) than in terms of PFC or RFC (20- and 11-fold, respectively). A morphological study of RFC in nonimmunized mice showed that about 90% of rosettes were formed by small lymphocytes in both lines. The remainder were medium-sized lymphocytes. At the peak of the cellular response the RFC have differentiated into large lymphocytes, blast cells, and plasma cells. The contribution of plasma cells to RFC is much greater in the high than in the low line. The cytodynamic and morphologic results presented in this article are compatible with the hypothesis that the group of genes segregated in each line during the selective breeding control and regulate the rate of multiplication and differentiation of the antibody-producing cells.
The urokinase inhibitor p‐aminobenzamidine inhibits growth of a human prostate tumor in scid mice (1995)

Malignant cells possess a high degree of proteolytic activity in which the plasminogen activator system plays an important role. An increased expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) is of significance for degradation of the extracellular tumor matrix, facilitating invasiveness and growth. Inhibition of the active site of uPA makes it possible to evaluate the significance of uPA in tumor growth. We report here experiments on a uPA-producing human prostate xenograft (DU 145) using a competitive inhibitor of uPA, p-aminobenzamidine. In vitro experiments with DU 145 cells showed that p-aminobenzamidine caused a dose-dependent inhibition of uPA activity. DU 145 cells were inoculated s.c. in SCID mice and, once tumors were established, treatment with p-aminobenzamidine added to drinking water was started and lasted for 23 days. Mice receiving 250 mg/kg/day of p-aminobenzamidine showed a clear decrease in tumor-growth rate compared to the non-treated mice, resulting in 64% lower final tumor weight. In addition, uPA-antigen levels in the membrane fractions of DU 145 tumors from p-aminobenzamidine-treated mice were found to be decreased by 59%. We also show that p-aminobenzamidine has an anti-proliferative effect in cell culture at low cell number, correlating with a dose-dependent decrease in uPA production. In conclusion, we show that a low-molecular-weight uPA-inhibitor, p-aminobenzamidine, has a growth-inhibitory effect on a solid uPA-producing tumor.
Involvement of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of rat thymocytes. (1995)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine metabolism, has been shown to be required for entry into and progression through the cell cycle. However, the role of ODC and polyamines in apoptosis remains to be determined. We have examined ODC expression and polyamine levels in thymocytes activated to undergo apoptosis by dexamethasone treatment. We have demonstrated a rapid and reversible induction of ODC (mRNA and activity), as previously reported for the mRNA expression of other "early" genes, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc, in the same experimental model. Surprisingly, polyamine levels diminished progressively starting at 2-4 h after dexamethasone treatment, and spermine was depleted at 8-12 h. This seemed to be relevant since increasing the intracellular polyamine levels by exogenous spermine administration prevented the DNA "laddering" (2-4 h) and the DNA loss from the nucleus (8-18 h) due to dexamethasone treatment. Moreover, the activities of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, which controls the cytosolic polyamine interconversion pathway, and of spermidine N8-acetyltransferase, which regulates the nuclear pool and functions of polyamines, were measured in apoptotic cells. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity progressively increased and might be responsible for spermidine and spermine excretion as acetyl derivatives. In contrast, spermidine N8-acetyltransferase activity remained unchanged. A completely different scenario was observed in proliferating concanavalin A-treated thymocytes, studied for comparison. In this case, polyamine levels increased, remaining at high values until 12 h. This is likely a consequence of the rapid and prolonged induction of ODC (mRNA and activity), accompanied by that of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (mRNA and activity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biodegradable Electronic Systems in 3D, Heterogeneously Integrated Formats (2018)

Biodegradable electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology with unique application possibilities, from temporary biomedical implants to "green" consumer gadgets. This paper introduces materials and processing methods for 3D, heterogeneously integrated devices of this type, with various functional examples in sophisticated forms of silicon-based electronics. Specifically, techniques for performing multilayer assembly by transfer printing and for fabricating layer-to-layer vias and interconnects by lithographic procedures serve as routes to biodegradable, 3D integrated circuits composed of functional building blocks formed using specialized approaches or sourced from commercial semiconductor foundries. Demonstration examples range from logic gates and analog circuits that undergo functional transformation by transience to systems that integrate multilayer resistive sensors for in situ, continuous electrical monitoring of the processes of transience. The results significantly expand the scope of engineering options for biodegradable electronics and other types of transient microsystem technologies.
Meta-analysis of thyroidectomy with ultrasonic dissector versus conventional clamp and tie (2010)

This meta-analysis shown a relevant advantage only in terms of cost-effectiveness in patients treated with UAS; it is subsequent to statistically significant reduction of operation duration, intraoperative blood loss and of overall drainage volume during the first 24 hours. Although the analysis showed that the patients who were treated with UAS presented more favourable results in incidence of post-operative complications (transiet laryngeal nerve palsy; transiet hypocalcaemia and permanent hypocalcaemia), these data didn't present statistical relevance.
Microarray-based expression profiling in prostate tumors. (2000)

High throughput gene expression profiling is increasingly becoming a desirable method for identifying genes differentially expressed in disease versus normal tissues. Microarrays and gene chips containing hundreds to thousands of genes of interest, both known and novel, can be used to establish the expression profile of numerous genes in a single experiment. In order to validate the hits emerging out of such an experiment it is necessary to use an appropriate panel of the cDNA repository. We investigated the usefulness of such a method to identify prostate cancer-specific genes. A microarray containing 588 known genes was analyzed using cDNA probes derived from normal and three independent prostate tumors. At least 19/588 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the tumors in comparison to the normal tissue. Among the nine test genes chosen, one gene, Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), showed a correlation with the microarray results when analyzed by RT-PCR. Using a comprehensive panel of normal and tumor tissues and cancer-derived cell lines, we have rapidly validated the expression relevance of GSTT1 in solid tumors. The microarray was also useful in the preliminary identification of androgen-regulated genes in the prostate tumor models. These results indicate that microarray in combination with a relevant cDNA repository can facilitate rapid identification of potential targets for therapy and diagnosis of prostate and other cancers.
Recombinant soluble human complement receptor type 1 inhibits inflammation in the reversed passive arthus reaction in rats (1991)

The human CR1 was genetically engineered by site directed mutagenesis into a truncated form which was secreted from transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. This soluble recombinant CR1 (sCR1) was purified from the supernatants of the Chinese hamster ovary cells cultured in a hollow fiber bioreactor. sCR1 inhibits the C3 and C5 convertases of the classical and the alternative pathways in vitro. The ability of sCR1 to inhibit the immune complex-mediated inflammation in vivo was tested in a rat reversed passive Arthus reaction model. Administration of sCR1 at the dermal sites reduced the Arthus vasculitis in a dose-dependent manner as judged by both gross and microscopic examination, as well as by immunohistologic localization of C3 and C5b-9 neoantigen deposits. These data suggest that sCR1 inhibits the Arthus reaction by interrupting the activation of the C cascade, hence limiting the detrimental immune complex-induced tissue damage in vivo.
Exploring Many-Core Design Templates for FPGAs and ASICs (2011)

We present a highly productive approach to hardware design based on a many-core microarchitectural template used to implement compute-bound applications expressed in a high-level data-parallel language such as OpenCL. The template is customized on a per-application basis via a range of high-level parameters such as the interconnect topology or processing element architecture. The key benefits of this approach are that it (i) allows programmers to express parallelism through an API defined in a high-level programming language, (ii) supports coarse-grained multithreading and fine-grained threading while permitting bit-level resource control, and (iii) reduces the effort required to repurpose the system for different algorithms or different applications. We compare template-driven design to both full-custom and programmable approaches by studying implementations of a compute-bound data-parallel Bayesian graph inference algorithm across several candidate platforms. Specifically, we examine a range of template-based implementations on both FPGA and ASIC platforms and compare each against full custom designs. Throughout this study, we use a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) implementation as a performance and area baseline. We show that our approach, similar in productivity to programmable approaches such as GPGPU applications, yields implementations with performance approaching that of full-custom designs on both FPGA and ASIC platforms.
Post-Use Review: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd edition (1993)

First Page
Synthesis of Uridine 5′-diphosphoiduronic Acid: A Potential Substrate for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparin (2008)

An improved understanding of the biological activities of heparin requires structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides. The chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides relies on glycosyltransferases that use UDP-sugar nucleotides as donors. Uridine 5'-diphosphoiduronic acid (UDP-IdoA) and uridine 5'-diphosphohexenuronic acid (UDP-HexUA) have been synthesized as potential analogues of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) for enzymatic incorporation into heparin oligosaccharides. Non-natural UDP-IdoA and UDP-HexUA were tested as substrates for various glucuronosyltransferases to better understand enzyme specificity.
Preparation of polyhydrouracils and polyiminoimidazolidinones (1969)

Abstract Polyhydrouracils and polyiminoimidazolidinones were prepared by ring formation along the chain of appropriately substituted polyureas. Cyclization of 2‐carbomethoxy‐ethyl‐substituted polyureas in a polyphosphoric acid medium gave the polyhydrouracils. The polyurea precursors were prepared from N , N ′‐bis(2‐carbomethoxyethyl)‐1,6‐hexanediamine and N , N ′‐di(2‐carbomethoxyethyl)‐1,4‐cyclohexanebis(methylamine) with methylenebis(4‐phenyl isocyanate), 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, and 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐4,4′‐biphenylene diisocyanate. These polyureas were soluble in m ‐cresol, dimethylformamide, and chloroform, had inherent viscosities of up to 0.8, and could be cast into tough films. The polyhydrouracils had similar physical properties and could also be cast into films. The polyhydrouracils melted at temperatures 100–150°C higher than their polyurea precursors. Polyiminoimidazolidinones were prepared by cyclization of α‐cyanoalkyl‐substituted polyureas in the presence of n ‐butylamine. The intermediate polyureas, which were not isolated, were prepared from methylenebis(4‐phenyl isocyanate) with N , N ′‐bis(1‐cyanocyclohexyl)‐1,6‐hexanediamine, N , N ′‐bis(1‐cyanocyclohexyl)‐ m ‐xylylenediamine and N , N ′‐bis(1‐cyanocyclopentyl)‐1,6‐hexanediamine. The polyiminoimidazolidinones were soluble in m ‐cresol, dimethylformamide, and chloroform and had low inherent viscosities of 0.14–0.28. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that the polyhydrouracils underwent rapid decomposition at 400°C, whereas an analogous unsubstituted polyurea decomposed at 300°C. On the other hand, the polyiminoimid‐azolidinones showed no greater thermal stability than the unsubstituted polyurea.
Calculation of the fractional interstitial component of boron diffusion and segregation coefficient of boron in Si0.8Ge0.2 (1996)

Investigation of boron diffusion in strained silicon germanium buried layers reveals a fractional interstitial component of boron diffusion (fBI) in Se0.8Ge0.2 approximately equal to the fBI value in silicon. In conjunction with computer-simulated boron profiles, the results yield an absolute lower-bound of fBI in Si0.8Ge0.2 of ∼0.8. In addition, the experimental methodology provides a unique vehicle for measuring the segregation coefficient; oxidation-enhanced diffusion is used instead of an extended, inert anneal to rapidly diffuse the dopant to equilibrium levels across the interface, allowing the segregation coefficient to be measured more quickly.
Serum lipids and lipoprotein disorders in cancer patients (1987)

Total serum cholesterol, free and esterified cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum lipoproteins were measured in 103 consecutive cancer patients (60 men and 43 women; mean age, 56 years) and 100 age-matched noncancer inpatients. Cancer patients as a group demonstrated significantly lower total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, compared with noncancer patients. Breast cancer proved to be an exception associated with increased serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. a-lipoproteins were constantly increased in cancer patients whereas no differences were found in the other lipoprotein fractions. Finally, the observed overall incidence of hyperlipidemia in cancer patients (23/103) was not significantly different from the controls (29/100).