gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case‐control study of oral cancer and pre‐diagnostic concentrations of selenium and zinc in nail tissue (1991)

A case-control study of oral cancer was conducted in western Washington state between 1983 and 1987. Cases (n = 379) were identified through a population-based registry, and controls (n = 514) were selected by telephone using random digit dialing. Subjects participated in a personal interview, completed a food-frequency questionnaire, and submitted clippings from the nails of each great toe for the determination of selenium and zinc concentrations. The odds ratio (OR) for low selenium levels in nail tissue (lowest 25% of the distribution compared to the upper 75%) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.2). Likewise, the odds ratio for low zinc levels in nails was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.3), but for low dietary zinc was 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.7). Men with oral cancer had lower nail selenium levels than did the controls (OR = 1.9), but women with oral cancer did not (OR = 0.6). Individuals 20 to 39 years of age with oral cancer, in particular, were more likely to have lower selenium levels in nail tissue than controls (OR = 16.4). There was a significant interaction between selenium and ascorbic acid levels which could not be explained by cigarette use. Subjects at greatest risk had low levels of both nutrients (OR = 3.8 for smokers and OR = 5.7 for non-smokers). However, since the elements were deposited in the nail matrix close to the date of diagnosis, the differences in the element concentrations between cases and controls may have been a result of the disease. Further etiologic studies of selenium, vitamin intake and oral carcinoma are warranted.
1,2,4,5-Tetrazine: Synthesis and Reactivity in [4+2] Cycloadditions (1998)

Full details on the reactivity of the title compound as 4π component in inverse-type Diels–Alder reactions, including kinetic data, are reported. Donor-substituted alkynes, alkenes, donor-substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkenes, ketene acetals and aminals, as well as several cyclic enol ethers were used as dienophiles in these investigations. A number of 4-mono- and 4,5-disubstituted pyridazines can easily be obtained by this method.
Synthesis of N,N'-Substituted Piperazine and Homopiperazine Derivatives with Polyamine-like Actions at N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors (1995)

A series of N,N'-substituted piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives have been synthesized with the objective of producing compounds that interact with polyamine modulatory sites on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. These novel compounds exhibited polyamine-like actions, enhancing [3H]MK-801 binding to NMDA receptors in rat forebrain membranes. The potencies of N,N'-bis(2-aminoacetyl)homopiperazine (15), N,N'-bis(N-methyl-4-aminobutyl)-piperazine (7), and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)homopiperazine (11) (EC50 18.0, 21.3, and 24.4 microM, respectively) to enhance [3H]MK-801 binding were comparable to that of spermine (EC50 5.2 microM). However, the efficacies of 15, 7, and 11 in this measure were lower (by approximately 40%, 32%, and 24%, respectively) than spermine, which may be indicative of partial agonist actions. Like spermine, the ability of these piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives to enhance [3H]MK-801 binding could be inhibited by both a competitive polyamine antagonist (arcaine) and a specific, noncompetitive polyamine antagonist (conantokin-G). However, unlike endogenous polyamines, high concentrations (up to 1 mM) of these novel polyamine-like compounds did not inhibit [3H]MK-801 binding. N,N'-Aminoalkylated and aminoacylated piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives may prove useful for studying polyamine recognition sites associated with NMDA receptors.
Delft-Java link translation buffer (2002)

Describes the hardware support in the Delft-Java processor which enables efficient dynamic linking of Java programs. The proposed mechanism supports method invocation of dynamically linked classes through the use of a link translation buffer (LTB). Since our instruction set architecture directly supports dynamically linked method invocation, the LTB is architecturally transparent to the executing program. The operation of the LTB is described and preliminary performance results are reported. Method invocation differences between the C++ programming language and the Java programming language are outlined. Preliminary performance results for the LTB suggest that program performance may improve from 1.1/spl times/ to 1.5/spl times/ when a suitable LTB is used to cache frequently utilized methods.
A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure (2016)

While porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in sporadic cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Canada in the early 1990s, an epidemic of severe systemic disease due to PCV2 spread worldwide in the ensuing decade. Despite being effectively controlled by commercial vaccines, PCV2 remains one of the most economically significant viruses of swine. Here, a novel porcine circovirus (PCV3) that is distantly related to known circoviruses was identified in sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCV2, which has previously been associated with these clinical presentations, was not identified. High levels of PCV3 nucleic acid were observed in aborted fetuses by quantitative PCR, and PCV3 antigen was localized in histologic lesions typical of PDNS in sows by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. PCV3 was also identified in archival PDNS diagnostic samples that previously tested negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis. The emergence of PCV3 warrants further investigation.
Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis of Intact Human Pancreatic Islets: Identification of Glucose-Responsive Genes and a Highly Regulated TGFβ Signaling Pathway (2002)

Human pancreatic islets are a major focus of diabetes research due to their key role in glucose homeostasis and their potential for transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Currently, no comprehensive analysis of baseline or glucose-stimulated islet gene expression is available. Using oligonucleotide microarrays we analyzed isolated intact human islets incubated at low and high glucose. We identified approximately 6000 islet genes, several with clinical implications, as well as a number of glucose-regulated genes. Interestingly, two transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily members were highly regulated by glucose. One of them, PDF, was found to have a very high expression level compared to other TGFbeta superfamily members. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed these results and demonstrated that the highly expressed PDF was approximately 10-fold down- regulated by glucose while other TGFbeta superfamily members and target genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that a highly regulated TGFbeta signaling cascade exists in human islets, and that PDF may play a central role in islet biology. Since TGFbeta is involved in differentiation and immune modulation, this novel pathway may link glucose metabolism, immune response and development of human islets. We report here the first gene expression profile of intact human islets. These and similar analyses will provide better understanding of human islet biology and enhance the development of novel diabetes therapies.
Decreasing Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (2014)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report our experience with an exclusive human milk–based diet (EHM) versus diets of mother’s milk supplemented with banked human milk (DHM) or formula (PTF) plus bovine fortifier. Second, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using EHM. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective study of infants ≤1500 g birth weight (VLBW) admitted to the NICU from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. Primary outcomes were rates of Bell stage 2 to 3 necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and NEC plus significant gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). There were 3 groups for analysis according to diet: PTF, DHM, and EHM. Binary outcomes were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression. Linear analysis of covariance was used to analyze continuous outcomes. Cost analysis used costs from a previous study for stage 2 and 3 NEC and from a matched control analysis for infants in our study for stage 1 NEC. Results: Infants who received EHM (n = 44) had higher rates of risk factors for NEC compared with DHM (n = 224) and PTF (n = 93). Rates of NEC were decreased for EHM versus PTF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.060; confidence interval [CI] = 0.003-0.445; P = .019) and NEC plus GIB were decreased for EHM versus DHM (OR = 0.070; CI = 0.004-0.369; P = .012) and EHM versus PTF (OR = 0.062; CI = 0.003-0.366; P = .011). A cost saving was shown when using EHM for VLBW infants with several risk factors for NEC but not all VLBW infants. Conclusions: EHM lowered the incidence of NEC compared with PTF and NEC plus GIB compared with DHM and PTF. Using EHM in VLBW infants at higher risk of NEC appears to be cost-effective.
Gene Transfer of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor flt-1 Suppresses Pulmonary Metastasis Associated with Lung Growth (2005)

Growth of solid tumor metastases is critically dependent on angiogenesis. We hypothesized that an "angiogenic-rich" milieu, as in pneumonectomy-induced lung growth, would be conducive to growth of pulmonary metastases, and that transfer of an antiangiogenic gene would suppress tumor growth. Two weeks after left pneumonectomy in BALB/c mice, right lung mass increased 1.5-fold compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Our pulmonary metastases model, intravenous administration of beta-galactosidase (betagal)-marked CT26.CL25 colon carcinoma cells, resulted in diffuse metastases at 12 d after administration. However, if left pneumonectomy was performed 1 d before tumor cell administration, right lung mass was increased 1.7-fold after 12 d (P < 0.001 compared with the right + left lung of controls), and betagal activity was greater (2.8-fold, P < 0.05). To assess antiangiogenesis therapy, tumor cells were administered 1 d after pneumonectomy and 1 d later, 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units of Adsflt (an Ad vector expressing the extracellular portion of the flt-1 vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] receptor) was administered. Compared with controls, mice receiving Adsflt via intranasal or intravenous routes showed suppression of pneumonectomy-induced tumor growth (P < 0.01, both routes compared with controls). Postpneumonectomy lung growth enhances growth of lung metastases, but this can be suppressed with Adsflt antiangiogenesis therapy.
Transcription Factor KLF11 Integrates Progesterone Receptor Signaling and Proliferation in Uterine Leiomyoma Cells (2010)

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of the female genital tract and the leading cause of hysterectomy. Although progesterone stimulates the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells, the mechanism of progesterone action is not well understood. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-cloning approach to identify progesterone receptor (PR) target genes in primary uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. We identified 18 novel PR-binding sites, one of which was located 20.5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site of the Krüppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) gene. KLF11 mRNA levels were minimally downregulated by progesterone but robustly upregulated by the progesterone antagonist RU486. Luciferase reporter assays showed significant baseline and RU486-inducible promoter activity in the KLF11 basal promoter or distal PR-binding region, both of which contained multiple Sp1-binding sequences but lacked classic progesterone response elements. RU486 stimulated recruitment of Sp1, RNA polymerase II, PR, and the coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 to the distal region and basal promoter. siRNA knockdown of PR increased KLF11 expression, whereas knockdown of KLF11 increased leiomyoma cell proliferation and abolished the antiproliferative effect of RU486. In vivo, KLF11 expression was significantly lower in leiomyoma tissues compared with adjacent myometrial tissues. Taken together, using a ChIP-cloning approach, we uncovered KLF11 as an integrator of PR signaling and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells.
Elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Stable Angina Pectoris (2000)

Background and Objectives:Recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with ischemic heart disease. TNF-α is known to be related to the progression of atheroma and reperfusion injury. TNF-α has been reported to increase in acute coronary syndrome. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TNF-α increases in stable angina. Subjects and Methods:The coronary artery disease (CAD) group included 10 female stable angina patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. The control group included 44 healthy female volunteers. The subjects with hypertension, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were excluded. We measured the waist and hip circumference by soft tape in both groups. We measured the plasma lipid profile, fasting plasma insulin, glucose and the TNF-α level in both groups. Results:Age was higher in CAD group significantly (57.3±9.0 vs. 37.5±7.7) There were no differences in body mass index (BMI) between both groups. Waist to hip ratio(WHR) was higher in CAD group (0.96±0.04 vs. 0.89±0.07). Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were not different in both groups. The HDL cholesterol decreased in CAD group significantly (48.9±11.1 mg/dl vs. 37.4±6.6 mg/dl, p=0.003). Triglyceride increased in CAD group. But there was borderline statistical significance (p=0.08). The fasting glucose increased in CAD group significantly (p<0.001). TNF-α increased significantly in CAD group (10.5 ±3.6 pg/mL vs. 1.7±1.4 pg/mL , p=0.002). In CAD group, there was significant correlation between TNF-α and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.80, p<0.05). Conclusion:Serum TNF-α in CAD group significantly increased. TNF-α and LDL cholesterol in CAD group showed positive correlation significantly. But it had several limitations that were not matched age, waist hip ratio and postmenopausal effect between two groups. (Korean Circulation J 2000;30(7):861-866)
Explorations of display interfaces for virtual reality (2002)

Three alternatives to the traditional head mounted virtual reality display are described. One configuration is the Virtual Holographic Workstation, an external stereo CRT viewed by a user wearing head tracking stereo shutter glasses. Another is the Computer Augmented Reality Camcorder, where virtual objects are composited onto live video using six axis tracking information about the location of the video camera. The third system is the Virtual Portal, where an entire room is turned into a high-resolution inclusive display by replacing three walls with floor-to-ceiling rear projection stereo displays. Details of the systems and experiences and limitations in their use are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structure and expression of human IgG FcRII(CD32). Functional heterogeneity is encoded by the alternatively spliced products of multiple genes. (1989)

The structural heterogeneity of the human low affinity receptor for IgG, FcRII(CD32), has been elucidated through the isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNA clones derived from myeloid and lymphoid RNA. These clones predict amino acid sequences consistent with integral membrane glycoproteins with single membrane spanning domains. The extracellular domains display sequence homology to other Fc gamma Rs and members of the Ig supergene family. A minimum of three genes (Fc gamma RIIa, IIa', and Fc gamma RIIb) encode these transcripts, which demonstrate highly related extracellular and membrane spanning domains. IIa/IIa' differ substantially in the intracytoplasmic domain from IIb. Alternative splicing of the IIb gene generates further heterogeneity in both NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of the predicted proteins. Comparison to the murine homologues of these molecules reveals a high degree of conservation between the products of one of these genes, Fc gamma RIIb, and the murine beta gene in primary sequence, splicing pattern, and tissue distribution. In contrast, the sequence of IIa' indicates its relationship to the beta-like genes, with mutation giving rise to a novel cytoplasmic domain, while IIa is a chimera of both alpha- and beta-like genes. Expression of these cDNA molecules by transfection results in the appearance of IgG binding molecules that bear the epitopes defined by the FcRII(CD32) mAbs previously described.
Automated data-member layout of heap objects to improve memory-hierarchy performance (2000)

We present and evaluate a simple, yet efficient optimization technique that improves memory-hierarchy performance for pointer-centric applications by up to 24% and reduces cache misses by up to 35%. This is achieved by selecting an improved ordering for the data members of pointer-based data structures. Our optimization is applicable to all type-safe programming languages that completely abstract from physical storage layout; examples of such languages are Java and Oberon. Our technique does not involve programmers in the optimization process, but runs fully automatically, guided by dynamic profiling information that captures which paths through the program are taken with that frequencey. The algorithm first strives to cluster data members that are accessed closely after one another onto the same cache line, increasing spatial locality. Then, the data members that have been mapped to a particular cache line are ordered to minimize load latency in case of a cache miss.
Chemotherapy Targeting by DNA Capture in Viral Protein Particles (2012)

This nanoparticle may be an improved alternative to chemical conjugates and signal-blocking antibodies for tumor-targeted treatment.
In Vitro and In Vivo Infectivity and Pathogenicity of the Lymphoid Cell-Derived Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (2001)

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and human hepatitis B virus are closely related, highly hepatotropic mammalian DNA viruses that also replicate in the lymphatic system. The infectivity and pathogenicity of hepadnaviruses propagating in lymphoid cells are under debate. In this study, hepato- and lymphotropism of WHV produced by naturally infected lymphoid cells was examined in specifically established woodchuck hepatocyte and lymphoid cell cultures and coculture systems, and virus pathogenicity was tested in susceptible animals. Applying PCR-based assays discriminating between the total pool of WHV genomes and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), combined with enzymatic elimination of extracellular viral sequences potentially associated with the cell surface, our study documents that virus replicating in woodchuck lymphoid cells is infectious to homologous hepatocytes and lymphoid cells in vitro. The productive replication of WHV from lymphoid cells in cultured hepatocytes was evidenced by the appearance of virus-specific DNA, cccDNA, and antigens, transmissibility of the virus through multiple passages in hepatocyte cultures, and the ability of the passaged virus to infect virus-naive animals. The data also revealed that WHV from lymphoid cells can initiate classical acute viral hepatitis in susceptible animals, albeit small quantities (approximately 10(3) virions) caused immunovirologically undetectable (occult) WHV infection that engaged the lymphatic system but not the liver. Our results provide direct in vitro and in vivo evidence that lymphoid cells in the infected host support propagation of infectious hepadnavirus that has the potential to induce hepatitis. They also emphasize a principal role of the lymphatic system in the maintenance and dissemination of hepadnavirus infection, particularly when infection is induced by low virus doses.
Poznámky Ku Genéze Individuality A Kontextu S Ekonómiou (2014)

Autor analyzuje vybrané problémy genézy individuality vo vzťahu k ekonomickým kontextom od antiky až po súčasnosť. Interpretuje hlavne individualitu v novoveku v podobe akú dostala v ekonómii – homo oeconomicus. V súčasnosti prebieha v západnej civilizácii proces krajnej individualizácie, ktorá znižuje sociálny kapitál.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Interfere With Zinc Absorption and Zinc Body Stores (2011)

PPI use dramatically reduces supplemental zinc uptake and can result in decreased zinc body stores. Certain individuals on long-term PPI therapy, such as infants being treated for colic, may be at risk for decreased systemic levels of trace metals needed for developmental, regenerative and immunological requirements.
How radiation kills cells: Survival ofDeinococcus radioduransandShewanella oneidensisunder oxidative stress (2005)

We have recently shown that Deinococcus radiodurans and other radiation resistant bacteria accumulate exceptionally high intracellular manganese and low iron levels. In comparison, the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis accumulates Fe but not Mn and is extremely sensitive to radiation. We have proposed that for Fe-rich, Mn-poor cells killed at radiation doses which cause very little DNA damage, cell death might be induced by the release of Fe(II) from proteins during irradiation, leading to additional cellular damage by Fe(II)-dependent oxidative stress. In contrast, Mn(II) ions concentrated in D. radiodurans might serve as antioxidants that reinforce enzymic systems which defend against oxidative stress during recovery. We extend our hypothesis here to include consideration of respiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, peptide transport and metal reduction, which together with Mn(II) transport represent potential new targets to control recovery from radiation injury.
Nanocatalysis: Mature Science Revisited or Something Really New? (2004)

"Nanomania" has reached the area of heterogeneous catalysis. Nanosized catalyst constituents are important for functions that require structural control over several scales of dimension. Nanocatalysis may be understood as a redefinition of catalyst synthesis: multidimensional structural control is exerted by considering catalysts as inorganic polymers rather than as close-packed crystals. Primary, secondary, and tertiary structural hierarchies translate into molecular building blocks and linkers, the defect structure of crystals, and particle morphology. High-throughput techniques and in situ synthetic analysis are the tools required to arrive at better defined catalytic materials that can fulfil the high expectations created by the incorporation of catalysts into the "nano" research field.
Clinical Significance of Vimentin Expression and Her‐2 Status in Patients with Gastric Carcinoma (2013)

Vimentin expression in epithelial cells of the surgically resected gastric adenocarcinoma tissue is an independent predictor of short survival, and Her-2 status shows a valuable correlation with clinical parameters.
Carotid artery intima‐media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review (2005)

Type 2 diabetes was associated with an 0.13 mm increase in IMT compared with control subjects. In patients with IGT, the increase in IMT was about one-third of that observed in diabetes. The observed difference in IMT can be interpreted as if the diabetes patients were more than 10 years older than the control groups, and that the relative risks of myocardial infarction and stroke were increased by almost 40%, respectively.