gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research of Doughnut, a New Kind of Laser Trap (2003)

The experimental method used to form doughnut laser trap through axicons and by extracting high order diffractive light component is introduced. It is demonstrated qualitatively that doughnut laser trap has higher axial trapping force than Solid laser trap. The centrical horizontal trap stiffness of doughnut laser trap and solid laser trap is measured by the method of image analyzing. The result demonstrates that solid laser trap is more rigid. The escaping force of laser trap, varying corresponding to different laser power, is measured by fluid mechanical method. The result demonstrates that doughnut laser trap has higher escaping force, thus can manipulate particles with more stability. It is indicated that doughnut laser trap brings to lower thermal damnification, and helps to make best use of low magnification objective lens, and helps to develop double laser traps.
Granulomatous Infections: Etiology and Classification (1996)

Granulomatous disorders are frequently due to a wide variety of infections. Over the past decade advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed identification of organisms involved in granulomatous disorders that previously were of unknown etiology. On the basis of currently available information, granulomatous infections can now be classified in three categories. Group 1 infections are due to a well-recognized organism. Group 2 comprises infections due to organisms that have been recently identified in granulomas by molecular methods but are not readily isolated by conventional microbiological techniques. Group 3 consists of disorders for which the causal organisms have not yet been identified but are strongly suspected; further advances in diagnostic techniques will lead to reclassification of some of these disorders as group 2. This review describes the etiology, histopathologic features, and classification of granulomatous disorders, with an emphasis on those of groups 2 and 3.
Thermal Assisted Oxygen Annealing for High Efficiency Planar CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

We report investigations on the influences of post-deposition treatments on the performance of solution-processed methylammonium lead triiodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃)-based planar solar cells. The prepared films were stored in pure N₂ at room temperature or annealed in pure O₂ at room temperature, 45°C, 65°C and 85°C for 12 hours prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. It is found that annealing in O₂ leads to substantial increase in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the devices. Furthermore, strong dependence on the annealing temperature for the PCEs of the devices suggests that a thermally activated process may underlie the observed phenomenon. It is believed that the annealing process may facilitate the diffusion of O₂ into the spiro-MeOTAD for inducing p-doping of the hole transport material. Furthermore, the process can result in lowering the localized state density at the grain boundaries as well as the bulk of perovskite. Utilizing thermal assisted O₂ annealing, high efficiency devices with good reproducibility were attained. A PCE of 15.4% with an open circuit voltage (VOC) 1.04 V, short circuit current density (JSC) 23 mA/cm(2), and fill factor 0.64 had been achieved for our champion device.
A proposed nomenclature for bile acids. (1992)

A proposal is made for a system of nomenclature of the more common unconjugated and conjugated bile acids. Acceptable trivial names for bile acids are tabulated, and guidelines are proposed for using these existing trivial names as roots to create acceptable semi-systematic names for other bile acids, as well as for new natural bile acids that will be discovered in the future. The term alpha-hyocholic is recommended to replace hyocholic, and beta-hyocholic to replace omega-muricholic. The term murideoxycholic acid is recommended for 3 alpha,6 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. Proposals are also made for bile acids with epimeric hydroxy groups, for unsaturated bile acids, and for bile acids with oxo- and/or hydroxy-oxo- substituents on the nucleus and/or on the side chain. For conjugated bile acids, the term "aminoacyl amidates" is recommended to replace "amidates" for bile acids conjugated in N-acyl linkage with amino acids. Nomenclature for other types of conjugates (sulfates, glucuronides, glucosides) is included as well as abbreviations. It is recommended that the historic tradition of naming a newly discovered bile acid after the species from which it was isolated be abandoned, and that in the future such a bile acid should be named using the principles contained in this paper.
Evaporation from heated water bodies: Predicting combined forced plus free convection (1990)

Recent measurements at the National Geothermal Test Facility at East Mesa, California, and the Savannah River Plant, South Carolina, have spurred a renewed look at evaporation from heated water bodies. Theoretical analyses are provided for each of four evaporation regimes that could be experienced at heated ponds, ranging from free convective layers to forced convective layers. Differences among regimes are highlighted by calculations appropriate for the Savannah River site where water temperatures reach 70°C and underscore the difficulty in finding a single evaporation equation to adequately cover the entire range. Consequently, a new equation is developed which combines free and forced convection in a different manner from previous equations: evaporation is computed as the square root of the sum of the squares of the respective components. The new equation and several existing equations are compared with evaporation measured at water bodies at the Savannah River and the East Mesa sites.
Correlation Between COPD And Echocardiographic Features With Severity Of Disease. (2016)

Background & Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH secondary to COPD is associated with a worse prognosis of the disease, a low quality of life, as well as with a higher exacerbation frequency, and consequently with an increase in the healthcare cost of COPD patients. Objective is to assess the cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find out the correlation between echocardiographic findings and severity of COPD, if there is any Methodology: A total 100 of patients of COPD were selected and staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) and evaluated by echocardiography. Results: On echocardiographic evaluation of COPD, 55% cases had normal echocardiographic parameters. Measurable tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was observed in 24/35 cases (67.5%). Pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)> 30 mmHg was observed in 15/25 (63%) cases in which prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe PH were 10/17 (58.82%), 3/16 (23.53%), and 3/17 (17.65%), respectively. The frequencies of PH in mild, moderate, severe, and very severe COPD were 16.67%, 54.55%, 60.00%, and 83.33%, respectively. Right atrial pressure was 10 mmHg in 82.5% cases and 15 mmHg in 17.5% cases. Cor pulmonale was observed in 7/17 (41.17%) cases; 7.50% cases had left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction and 47.5% cases had evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction defined as A ≥ E (peak mitral flow velocity of the early rapid filling wave (E), peak velocity of the late filling wave caused by atrial contraction (A) on mitral valve tracing) Left ventricle hypertrophy was found in 22.5% cases. Conclusion: Prevalence of PH has a linear relationship with severity of COPD and severe PH is almost associated with cor pulmonale. Echocardiography helps in early detection of cardiac complications in COPD cases giving time for early interventions. [Gupta R NJIRM 2016; 7(1):26-30]
A research status report on adaptation for mobile data access (1995)

Mobility demands the systems be adaptive . One approach is to make adaptation transparent to applications, allowing them to remain unchanged. An alternative approach views adaptation as a collaborative partnership between applications and the system. This paper is a status report on our research on both fronts. We report on our considerable experience with application-transparent adaptation in the Coda File System. We also describe our ongoing work on application-aware adaptation in Odyssey.
A nonsense mutation in the LDL receptor gene leads to familial hypercholesterolemia in the Druze sect. (1992)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene. Here we characterize an LDL receptor mutation that is associated with a distinct haplotype and causes FH in the Druze, a small Middle Eastern Islamic sect with a high degree of inbreeding. The mutation was found in FH families from two distinct Druze villages from the Golan Heights (northern Israel). It was not found neither in another Druze FH family residing in a different geographical area nor in eight Arab and four Jewish FH heterozygote index cases whose hypercholesterolemia cosegregates with an identical LDL receptor gene haplotype. The mutation, a single-base substitution, results in a termination codon in exon 4 of the LDL receptor gene that encodes for the fourth repeat of the binding domain of the mature receptor. It can be diagnosed by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization of PCR-amplified DNA from FH patients.
Reduction of in vivo coronary artery thrombosis by the novel thromboxane antagonist (3R)-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9- carbazolepropanoic acid. (1989)

The effects of thromboxane (Tx)A2 antagonism were examined in a canine model of platelet-dependent coronary occlusion. The novel TxA2 antagonist (3R)-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazo lepropanoic acid (Bay u 3405) was studied to ensure that antithrombotic effects seen in vivo were platelet-mediated and did not reflect unspecific compound effects. Bay u 3405 (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited in vivo platelet aggregation and increased the time to thrombotic vascular occlusion by 2.8 h (p less than 0.05) after 30 mg/kg were given. A dose-dependent reduction of intravascular occlusive thrombus growth occurred: thrombus wet weight decreased from 66 +/- 6 mg in vehicle controls to 42 +/- 6 mg, 25 +/- 5 mg, 18 +/- 3 mg and 6 +/- 2 mg after administration of 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg Bay u 3405 i.v., respectively. Electrocardiographic signs for developing myocardial ischemia were largely prevented by the compound. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo was inhibited by over 60% in drug-treated animals. The observed delay of thrombotic coronary occlusion reflected an inhibition of platelet aggregation and protection from coronary vasoconstriction at the site of thrombus formation, most likely mediated through blockade of TxA2 receptors.
Dithiocarbamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B activation in intact cells. (1992)

Dithiocarbamates and iron chelators were recently considered for the treatment of AIDS and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we show that dithiocarbamates and metal chelators can potently block the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a transcription factor involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression, signaling, and immediate early gene activation during inflammatory processes. Using cell cultures, the pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was investigated in detail. Micromolar amounts of PDTC reversibly suppressed the release of the inhibitory subunit I kappa B from the latent cytoplasmic form of NF-kappa B in cells treated with phorbol ester, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Other DNA binding activities and the induction of AP-1 by phorbol ester were not affected. The antioxidant PDTC also blocked the activation of NF-kappa B by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting a role of oxygen radicals in the intracellular signaling of LPS. This idea was supported by demonstrating that treatment of pre-B and B cells with LPS induced the production of O2- and H2O2. PDTC prevented specifically the kappa B-dependent transactivation of reporter genes under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and simian virus 40 enhancer. The results from this study lend further support to the idea that oxygen radicals play an important role in the activation of NF-kappa B and HIV-1.
Nucleotide sequence of barley chymotrypsin inhibitor‐2 (CI‐2) and its expression in normal and high‐lysine barley (1987)

cDNA clones for chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 (CI-2) have been isolated from an endosperm-specific library of barley using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. The nucleotide sequences of several of the cDNAs predict an open reading frame (beginning with an ATG codon) which encodes a protein of 84 residues (Mr 9380). In the longest clone another ATG codon is present, a further 69 nucleotides upstream. The nucleotide sequence between these two ATG codons predicts an amino acid sequence with the characteristics of a signal peptide, as found in other cloned plant protease inhibitors. However, it contains an in-frame TAA stop codon, which is also present in all of the shorter cDNAs which extend into this region. From in vitro translation experiments, using mRNAs synthesized from cDNAs, we conclude that, in vitro, translation of all or the vast majority of CI-2 mRNAs begins at the second ATG codon, 31 nucleotides downstream from the ochre stop codon. Southern blotting of genomic DNA shows that CI-2 is encoded by a small multigene family, while sequence analysis of the cDNAs shows that at least two sub-families of mRNAs, which are more than 90% homologous, are present in the endosperm. Northern blotting analysis shows that related but different sequences are present in leaf and shoot RNA populations. Further Northern blot hybridizations using RNA from the normal line, Sundance, and the high-lysine barley mutant, Hiproly, show that endosperms of the latter contain greatly increased levels of CI-2 mRNA. This correlates with the increased amount of CI-2 protein deposited in Hiproly, and demonstrates that the differential expression of CI-2 in the two genotypes is controlled at the level of transcription and/or stability of the mRNA. In contrast, the abundance of CI-2 mRNAs in leaves and shoots is not affected.
Oxygen diffusion and mitochondrial respiration in neuroblastoma cells (1989)

Suspensions of human neuroblastoma cells consume oxygen at a constant rate when the oxygen pressure is greater than approximately 11 Torr. The rate of oxygen consumption, however, becomes dependent on the oxygen pressure below this level. The falling respiratory rate at the lower pressures gives rise to an oxygen pressure for half-maximal respiration (P50) of approximately 0.8 Torr, which is consistent with the 0.5 Torr value for suspensions of isolated mitochondria in the presence of ATP (J. Biol. Chem. 263: 2712-2718, 1988). When the cellular metabolic energy state is lowered by addition of an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the respiratory rate increases up to fivefold, but the P50 decreases to approximately 0.6 Torr. In the cells treated with uncoupler, the P50 decreases further when the mitochondrial respiratory rate is inhibited with amobarbital (amytal), an inhibitor of the respiratory chain. The additional decrease in P50 is proportional to the decrease in respiratory rate. Thus, for cells treated with uncoupler, the P50 appears to be limited by oxygen diffusion from the external medium to the mitochondria. When the respiratory rate of the uncoupled cells is inhibited to the level of coupled cells, the P50 for the former is less than 0.15 Torr. This indicates that for coupled cells the difference in oxygen pressure from the external medium to the mitochondria is less than 0.15 Torr at half-maximal respiratory rate and does not significantly affect the P50 for oxygen that occurs at 0.8 Torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased expression of galectin-3 in primary gastric cancer and the metastatic lymph nodes (2002)

Galectin-3, a multifunctional beta-galactocide binding lectin possibly participates in a variety of biological events including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The implication of galectin-3 during malignancy progression has been suggested in several cancers, including colon, prostate, thyroid, and breast cancer, however, scarce data are available in gastric cancer. We examined the expression of galectin-3 in 86 primary gastric cancers and the 40 metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry to explore whether it is related to the malignant progression. Positive galectin-3 expression was observed in 84% of the gastric cancer cases. In enhanced cells of cancerous lesions, 48% showed stronger nuclear immunoreactivity than cytoplasmic one, whereas adjacent epithelial cells showed little or weak nuclear immunoreactivity. When galectin-3 expression in gastric carcinoma was compared with that in gastric tissues adjacent to the cancers, there was a significant difference. The degree of enhancement of immunoreactivity was different corresponding to various histopathological subtypes in cancer tissues. A significantly stronger expression of galectin-3 in cancer tissues was only observed in papillary and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. When galectin-3 expression and tumor progression (TNM staging) was compared, a significant correlation was observed in overall cases, and only in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma the galectin-3 expression correlated with tumor progression among various subtypes. Galectin-3 expression was observed significantly stronger in metastatic lymph nodes than in the primary gastric cancers, and also in these cases among histological subtypes, only in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the expression of galectin-3 in metastatic lymph nodes was stronger than the primary cancer. In conclusion galectin-3 might be a useful tumor marker for gastric cancers with respects to tumor progression and potentiality of lymph node metastasis especially in certain histological types of gastric cancer.
The p38‐MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, inhibits cardiac stress‐activated protein kinases/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (SAPKs/JNKs) (1998)

SB203580 is a recognised inhibitor of p38-MAPKs. Here, we investigated the effects of SB203580 on cardiac SAPKs/JNKs. The IC50 for inhibition of p38-MAPK stimulation of MAPKAPK2 was approximately 0.07 microM, whereas that for total SAPK/JNK activity was 3-10 microM. SB203580 did not inhibit immunoprecipitated JNK1 isoforms. Three peaks of SAPK/JNK activity were separated by anion exchange chromatography, eluting in the isocratic wash (44 kDa), and at 0.08 M (46 and 52 kDa) and 0.15 M NaCl (54 kDa). SB203580 (10 microM) completely inhibited the 0.15 M NaCl activity and partially inhibited the 0.08 M NaCl activity. Since JNK1 antibodies immunoprecipitate the 46 kDa activity, this indicates that SB203580 selectively inhibits 52 and 54 kDa SAPKs/JNKs.
Immunization of Cancer Patients Using Autologous Cancer Cells Modified by Insertion of the Gene for Tumor Necrosis Factor (National Institutes of Health) (1992)

When tumor is resected from patients as part of the natural course of their treatment, an attempt will be made to establish a tissue culture line of the tumor. The gene coding for tumor necrosis factor will be introduced into these tumor cells and the integration and expression of this gene will be tested. Patients will become eligible for this study only if they develop metastatic cancer that has failed all standard effective treatment and have no other effective treatment options available to them. Tumor cells will be injected intradermally and subcutaneously into the thigh of these patients. The amount of tumor injected will be less than 1/50th the total tumor burden of the patient. In previous studies we have shown that these gene-modified tumor cells are more immunogenic than the native unaltered tumor. Attempts will then be made to grow immune lymphocytes either from the tumor site or from the draining lymph nodes of these patients in order to use these lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy as detailed in previous protocols. The direct effect of the immunization with these immunogenic tumor cells will also be measured by assessing the impact on established tumor at other sites. Fifty patients receiving tumor inoculation will be included in this study.
Introduction to Protein Structure (2012)

The VitalBook e-book of Introduction to Protein Structure, Second Edition is inly available in the US and Canada at the present time. To purchase or rent please visit https://store.vitalsource.com/show/9780815323051Introduction to Protein Structure provides an account of the principles of protein structure, with examples of key proteins in their bio
Alpha-Theta Brainwave Neuro-Feedback for Vietnam Veterans with Combat Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1991)

Th~ Minnesola Mulliphasic Pasonality Inventory (MMPl) was used 10 assess persona/iry changes in \'ieInGm combalvcleraflS wilh post·traumatic slress disorder (PTSD). a/ler eilher traditional medicallrealment (TC) or alpM·/hcla brainwave neurajeedback therapy (BWT). Applica/ion a/brainwave Iraining/or Ihirty 30·minule sessions resulled in decreas~s in M M PI T-seore! on clinical scales labelled hypochondriasis. depression. hysteria. psychopathic devialt. mlJJCu/inil}-/emininiry. paranoia. psychos/henia. schizophrenia. hypomania. and social introversion-ex/roversion. The [radllional mediclJl control group .dwwed decreases in T-scoreJ only on th~ scah label/cd schIzophrenia. All Jounccn 8WT palients iniliall), recei\'ing p.rycho/ropic medication rtduted Iheir dosages afltT Irealmenl. bUI only onc oj lhincen TC pOlienlS reduced dnsoge. A Ihirry-monlhJollow-up siudy showed Ihal allJouneen TC patients had relapsed. In contrasl /0 only three of flf/een 81FT patienlS. These flndinps indicale Ihot application of alpha·,Ncla brainwave /raining is a more cfficaciou.1 lreall~lelll modality in Ihe lrealmenl oj f'TSD and prevention of relapse.