gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Synthesis and Assembly of Silver Nanostructures for Plasmonic Applications (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTControlling the Synthesis and Assembly of Silver Nanostructures for Plasmonic ApplicationsMatthew Rycenga, Claire M. Cobley, Jie Zeng, Weiyang Li, Christine H. Moran, Qiang Zhang, Dong Qin, and Younan Xia*View Author Information Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 6, 3669–3712Publication Date (Web):March 11, 2011Publication History Received20 August 2010Published online11 March 2011Published inissue 8 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100275dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100275dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55225Altmetric-Citations2370LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Metals,Nanoparticles,Nanostructures,Plasmonics,Surface plasmon resonance Get e-Alerts
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance (2007)

Diabetes and obesity are two metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance and a low-grade inflammation. Seeking an inflammatory factor causative of the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes, we have identified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a triggering factor. We found that normal endotoxemia increased or decreased during the fed or fasted state, respectively, on a nutritional basis and that a 4-week high-fat diet chronically increased plasma LPS concentration two to three times, a threshold that we have defined as metabolic endotoxemia. Importantly, a high-fat diet increased the proportion of an LPS-containing microbiota in the gut. When metabolic endotoxemia was induced for 4 weeks in mice through continuous subcutaneous infusion of LPS, fasted glycemia and insulinemia and whole-body, liver, and adipose tissue weight gain were increased to a similar extent as in high-fat-fed mice. In addition, adipose tissue F4/80-positive cells and markers of inflammation, and liver triglyceride content, were increased. Furthermore, liver, but not whole-body, insulin resistance was detected in LPS-infused mice. CD14 mutant mice resisted most of the LPS and high-fat diet-induced features of metabolic diseases. This new finding demonstrates that metabolic endotoxemia dysregulates the inflammatory tone and triggers body weight gain and diabetes. We conclude that the LPS/CD14 system sets the tone of insulin sensitivity and the onset of diabetes and obesity. Lowering plasma LPS concentration could be a potent strategy for the control of metabolic diseases.
Comparison of CD HORIZON SPIRE spinous process plate stabilization and pedicle screw fixation after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (2006)

The SPIRE plate is easy to implant and is associated with minimal operative risk. Compared with BPS/rod constructs, SPIRE plate fixation leads to less EBL and shorter operative time, without an increase in the rate of pseudarthrosis. Hospital LOS was also shorter in SPIRE plate-treated patients, which is consistent with the goals of minimal access spinal technologies.
Design of Transformer-Based Boost Converter for High Internal Resistance Energy Harvesting Sources With 21 mV Self-Startup Voltage and 74% Power Efficiency (2014)

Thin-film thermoelectric generators (TEG) or graphene-based microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging energy harvesting sources with promising power density and sustainability. Nevertheless, conventional transformer-based boost converters commonly used to achieve autonomous low voltage startup encounter low efficiency and potential startup problems with these novel power sources due to their high internal resistance. In this paper, an improved design of transformer-based boost converter addressing these issues is demonstrated with prototype chip fabricated using a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process. The self-start oscillation does not rely on the conventional LC resonant principle, but instead is dependent on the MOS transistor's active-over-leakage current ratio and the mutual coupling between the two identical transformer coils. Circuit design techniques to regulate output voltage and to track system's maximum power point (MPP) of this boost converter are presented. Measurement results confirmed that the proposed circuit works with either low threshold voltage or native MOS transistors. It needs minimum self-startup voltage of 21 mV (at 5.8 μW input power) and minimum startup power of 1.3 μW (at 35 mV input voltage) respectively. The maximum output power is 2 mW and peak power conversion efficiency is 74% at a regulated output voltage of 1 V.
The Earliest Branches of the Roman de Renart. Edited by A. Anthony LODGE and Kenneth VARTY, Louvain-Paris-Sterling-Virginia, Peeters, 2001, CXVIII-193 p., (« Synthema », 1) (2002)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Pretargeting (1997)

Human imaging studies show that maximum human tumor concentrations of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) are achieved in 1 day, but several days are required for background reduction and sensitive radioimmunoscintigraphy of tumors. With therapeutic radionuclides such as yttrium-90 (90Y), this long biologic half-life imposes a high radiation burden on sensitive normal tissues from the large amount of unlocalized radioactivity. Normal tissue toxicity, especially to the bone marrow, has been the major limiting factor in the application of radioimmunotherapy to solid tumors. Pretargeting techniques provide an alternative method with which to obtain high selective tumor uptake of 90Y with simultaneous minimization of nontarget tissue background.Current MoAb techniques employ either the biotin/avidin or the hapten/antibody system. DNA/DNA and prodrug/enzyme systems also have been used and many other ligand/receptor systems are possible. All the methods depend on a long circulating conjugate to obtain high target uptake with a diffusible, rapidly excreted effector molecule.Fast in, slow out tumor kinetics, ideal for therapy, have been achieved. In one mouse tumor system the biologic half-life of a bivalent 88Y JANUS tetraazacyclodidecanetetraacetic acid hapten, measured over 5 days, was approximately 24 hours. The therapeutic ratio, obtained from the integrated tumor and blood concentrations over 5 days, was approximately 20/1 compared with 2-3/1 with directly labeled MoAb. The total injected dose remaining in the mouse at 24 hours was 5.5%, 23% of which was in the tumor.These result suggest that it may be possible to deliver tumoricidal radiation doses with 90Y using pretargeting techniques without severe normal bone marrow irradiation.
Editorial (2005)

Els projectes que s'estan desenvolupant en el marc del programa de doctorat són un baròmetre fidedigne de les dinàmiques i el caràcter que està adoptant el nostre espai "domèstic" d'investigació, el departament universitari. Si bé és cert que enfront del ja proper horitzó del 2010 no té sentit limitar-se només a aquest àmbit per formular, desenvolupar i valorar les línies d'investigació, sí és necessari prendre el pols de l'activitat d'aquesta unitat disciplinar i operativa. En aquest número 3 de Periferia volem contribuir amb l'exposició d'una mostra de la investigació que s'està desenvolupant per part dels doctorands i doctorandes del programa. Nomès amb aquesta selecció ja es poden veure algunes dinàmiques significatives.
The Existence of Positive Solutions for Three-point Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem (2010)

In this paper, we consider three-point nonlinear boundary value problem for the equation (φ(u'))'+α(t)f(u)=0, 0＜t＜1, whereφ: R→R is an increasing homeomorphism and homomorphism with φ (0)=0. We show the existence of positive solutions and countably many positive solutions by fixed point theorems in a cone.
Pharmacokinetics of Lansoprazole in Hemodialysis Patients (1995)

The pharmacokinetics of the new benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole and five of its metabolites were assessed after single oral dose administration to five hemodialysis patients. Patients were studied on dialysis and nondialysis days. Multiple blood and dialysate samples were collected after dosing and were assayed for lansoprazole and metabolite content via high-performance liquid chromatography. The degree of lansoprazole plasma protein binding was lower in hemodialysis patients than in subjects with normal renal function or patients with renal impairment not requiring dialytic therapy, although this tended to moderate when assessed immediately after dialysis. Examination of venous plasma concentration, paired arterial-venous concentration, and dialysate data revealed that lansoprazole and its metabolites were poorly dialyzable. No dosage adjustment of lansoprazole is necessary in hemodialysis patients nor is supplementation after hemodialysis sessions necessary.
Pharmacological approaches to the management of schizophrenia (2003)

Pharmacological treatment remains the mainstay of the management of schizophrenia. Older, "typical" antipsychotics carry a significant burden of side effects, notably extrapyramidal and neurocognitive side effects. Newer, "atypical" agents carry a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects. They appear to have added benefit for treating negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and hence can enhance the quality of life of some patients. The choice of particular agents for individual patients requires a balancing of efficacy and side effects. Medication is only one element of what should be an individualised comprehensive treatment plan for people with schizophrenia.
Focus on Ulcerative Colitis: Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (2012)

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, M.W. 1419) may be the new drug stable in human gastric juice, effective both in the upper and lower GI tract, and free of side effects. BPC 157, in addition to an antiulcer effect efficient in therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (PL 14736) so far only tested in clinical phase II, has a very safe profile, and exhibited a particular wound healing effect. It also has shown to interact with the NO-system, providing endothelium protection and angiogenic effect, even in severely impaired conditions (i.e., it stimulated expression of early growth response 1 gene responsible for cytokine and growth factor generation and early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation (but also its repressor nerve growth factor 1-A binding protein-2)), important to counteract severe complications of advanced and poorly controlled IBD. Hopefully, the lessons from animal studies, particularly advanced intestinal anastomosis healing, reversed short bowel syndrome and fistula healing indicate BPC 157's high significance in further IBD therapy. Also, this supportive evidence (i.e., no toxic effect, limit test negative, LD1 not achieved, no side effect in trials) may counteract the problems commonly exercised in the use of peptidergic agents, particularly those used on a long-term basis.
Rapid Inactivation of Biological Species in the Air using Atmospheric Pressure Nonthermal Plasma (2012)

Here, nonthermal plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system was applied to inactivating aerosolized Bacillus subtilis cells and Pseudomonas fluorescens as well as indoor and outdoor bioaerosols. The culturability, viability, and diversity losses of the microorganisms in air samples treated by the plasma for 0.06-0.12 s were studied using culturing, DNA stain as well as polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methods. In addition, the viable fraction of bacterial aerosols with and without the plasma treatment was also quantified using qPCR coupled with ethidium monoazide (EMA). It was shown that less than 2% of B. subtilis aerosols survived the plasma treatment of 0.12 s, while none of the P. fluorescens aerosols survived. Viability tests, EMA-qPCR results, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that both bacterial species suffered significant viability loss, membrane, and DNA damages. Exposure of environmental bacterial and fungal aerosols to the plasma for 0.06 s also resulted in their significant inactivations, more than 95% for bacteria and 85-98% for fungal species. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that plasma exposure of 0.06 s resulted in culturable bacterial aerosol diversity loss for both environments, especially pronounced for indoor environment. The results here demonstrate that nonthermal plasma exposure could offer a highly efficient air decontamination technology.
Interaction between krit1 and icap1alpha infers perturbation of integrin beta1-mediated angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformation (2001)

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by venous sinusoids that predispose to intracranial hemorrhage. CCM is genetically heterogeneous, with loci at 7q, 7p and 3q. Mutations in KRIT1 account for all cases linked to 7q (CCM1), but the pathogenesis of CCM is not understood. Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (krit1) was originally identified through its interaction with the Ras-family GTPase krev1/rap1a in a two-hybrid screen, inferring a role in GTPase signaling cascades. We demonstrated additional 5'-coding exons for krit1, extending the N-terminus by 207 amino acids compared to the previously reported protein. Remarkably, by two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation, full-length krit1 fails to interact with krev1/rap1a but shows strong interaction with integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (icap1). Icap1 binds to a NPXY motif in the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin and participates in beta1-mediated cell adhesion and migration. The novel N-terminus of krit1 contains a NPXY motif that it is required for icap1 interaction. Like beta1 integrin, krit1 interacts with the 200 amino acid isoform of icap1 (icap1alpha), but not a 150 amino acid form that results from alternative splicing (icap1beta). In a competition assay, induced expression of krit1 diminishes the interaction between icap1alpha and beta1 integrin. Taken together, these data suggest that beta1 integrin and krit1 compete for the same site on icap1alpha, perhaps constituting a regulatory mechanism. Loss-of-function KRIT1 mutations, as observed in CCM1, would shift the balance with predicted consequences for endothelial cell performance during integrin beta1-dependent angiogenesis.
&#x201C;Multi-component Reactions : Emerging Chemistry in Drug Discovery&#x201D; &#x2018;From Xylocain to Crixivan&#x2019; (2003)

With the recent emergence of combinatorial chemistry and high-speed parallel synthesis for drug discovery applications, the multi-component reaction (MCR) has seen a resurgence of interest. Easily automated one-pot reactions, such as the Ugi and Passerini reactions, are powerful tools for producing diverse arrays of compounds, often in one step and high yield. Despite this synthetic potential, the Ugi reaction is limited by producing products that are flexible and peptide-like, often being classified as 'non drug-like'. This review details developments of new, highly atom-economic MCR derived chemical methods, which enable the fast and efficient production of chemical libraries comprised of a variety of biologically relevant templates. Representative examples will also be given demonstrating the successful impact of MCR combinatorial methods at different stages of the lead discovery, lead optimization and pre-clinical process development arenas. This will include applications spanning biological tools, natural products and natural product-like diversity, traditional small molecule and 'biotech' therapeutics respectively. In particular, this review will focus on applications of isocyanide based MCR (IMCR) reactions.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral apoA-I mimetic peptide D-4F in high-risk cardiovascular patients (2008)

Patients with coronary heart disease or equivalent risk received a single dose of 30, 100, 300, or 500 mg of unformulated D-4F (n = 8, each dose) or placebo (n = 8) under fasting conditions. An additional 10 patients received 500 mg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 2) with a low-fat meal. There were no significant trends in any safety parameter. D-4F was detectable in plasma at all doses with a T(max) of 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h for 30, 100, and > or = 300 mg, respectively. The area under the curve((0-t)) was 27.81 ng/hr/ml and 54.71 ng/hr/ml for the 300 mg and 500 mg dose groups, respectively, and 17.96 ng/hr/ml for the 500 mg dose given with food. HDL from each time point for each subject was tested for its ability to inhibit LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in cultures of human aortic endothelial cells. The values obtained were normalized to 1.0 for LDL alone to obtain the HDL inflammatory index. This index significantly improved at 4 h at the 300 mg dose and at 2 h at the 500 mg dose compared with placebo (P < 0.05). There were no changes in plasma lipid or lipoprotein levels. We conclude that unformulated D-4F has low bioavailability that is improved under fasting conditions, and that a single dose of D-4F is safe and well tolerated and may improve the HDL anti-inflammatory index.
Reliable pre-trip multi-path planning and dynamic adaptation for a centralized road navigation system (2005)

In this paper, an integrated approach combining offline pre-computation of optimal candidate paths with online path retrieval and dynamic adaptation is proposed for a dynamic navigation system in a centralized system architecture. Based on a static traffic data file, a partially disjoint candidate path set is constructed prior to the trip using a heuristic link weight increment method. This method satisfies reasonable path constraints that meet the drivers' preferences as well as alternative path constraints that limit the joint failure probability for candidate paths. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are the following: 1) the response time for online navigation demand is nearly linear with network size and less dependent on system load; 2) the veracity of the pre-trip route plan based on the static data file is improved by taking travel time reliability into account; and 3) system optimization can be approximated without sacrificing driver preferences. The algorithm is tested on randomly generated road networks and the numerical results show the efficiency of the approach.
Assessing Cytotoxic Treatment Effects in Preclinical Tumor Xenograft Models (2009)

In preclinical solid tumor xenograft experiments, tumor response to cytotoxic agents is often assessed by tumor cell kill. Log10 cell kill (LCK) is commonly used to quantify the tumor cell kill in such experiments. For comparisons of antitumor activity between tumor lines, the LCK values are converted to an arbitrary rating; for example, the treatment effect is considered significant if the LCK > 0.7 (Corbett et al., 2003). The drawback of using such a predefined cutoff point is that it does not account for the true variation of the experiments. In this article, a nonparametric bootstrap percentile interval of the LCK is proposed. The cytotoxic treatment effect can be assessed by the confidence limits of the LCK. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to study the coverage probabilities of the proposed interval for small samples. Tumor xenograft data from a real experiment are analyzed to illustrate the proposed method.
Carrier Frequency of a Nonsense Mutation in the Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Gene Implies a High Incidence of ADA‐deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Somalia and a Single, Common Haplotype Indicates Common Ancestry (2006)

Inherited adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder that causes immunodeficiency, varying from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in the majority of cases to a less severe form in a small minority of patients. Five patients of Somali origin from four unrelated families, with severe ADA-SCID, were registered in the Greater London area. Patients and their parents were investigated for the nonsense mutation Q3X (ADA c7C>T), two missense mutations K80R (ADA c239A>G) and R142Q (ADA c425G>A), and a TAAA repeat located at the 3' end of an Alu element (AluVpA) positioned 1.1 kb upstream of the ADA transcription start site. All patients were homozygous for the haplotype ADA-7T/ADA-239G/ADA-425G/AluVpA7. Among 207 Somali immigrants to Denmark, the frequency of ADA c7C>T and the maximum likelihood estimate of the frequency of the haplotype ADA-7T/ADA-239G/ADA-425G/AluVpA7 were both 0.012 (carrier frequency 2.4%). Based on the analysis of AluVpA alleles, the ADA c7C/T mutation was estimated to be approximately 7,100 years old. Approximately 1 out of 5 - 10000 Somali children will be born with ADA deficiency due to an ADA c7C/T mutation, although within certain clans the frequency may be significantly higher. ADA-SCID may be a frequent immunodeficiency disorder in Somalia, but will be underdiagnosed due to the prevailing socioeconomic and nutritional deprivation.
Mimicry of erythropoietin by a nonpeptide molecule (1999)

Erythropoietin (EPO) controls the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells into red blood cells. EPO induces these effects by dimerization of the EPO receptors (EPOR) present on these cells. To discover nonpeptide molecules capable of mimicking the effects of EPO, we identified a small molecule capable of binding to one chain of EPOR and used it to synthesize molecules capable of inducing dimerization of the EPOR. We first identified compound 1 (N-3-[2-(4-biphenyl)-6-chloro-5-methyl]indolyl-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester) by screening the in-house chemical collection for inhibitors of EPO binding to human EPOR and then prepared compound 5, which contains eight copies of compound 1 held together by a central core. Although both compounds inhibited EPO binding of EPOR, only compound 5 induced dimerization of soluble EPOR. Binding of EPO to its receptor in cells results in activation of many intracellular signaling molecules, including transcription factors like signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, leading to growth and differentiation of these cells. Consistent with its ability to induce dimerization of EPOR in solution, compound 5 exhibited much of the same biological activities as EPO, such as (i) the activation of a STAT-dependent luciferase reporter gene in BAF3 cells expressing human EPOR, (ii) supporting the proliferation of several tumor cell lines expressing the human or mouse EPOR, and (iii) the in vitro differentiation of human progenitor cells into colonies of erythrocytic lineage. These data demonstrate that a nonpeptide molecule is capable of inducing EPOR dimerization and mimicking the biological activities of EPO.