gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metadata and data structures for the historical newspaper digital library (1999)

We examine metadata and data-structure issues for the Historical Newspaper Digital Library. This project proposes to digitize and then do OCR and linguisting processing on several years worth of historical newspapers. Newspapers are very complex information objects so developing a rich description of their content is challenging. In addition to frameworks for the logical structure and physical layout, we propose metadata relevant to the image processing and to the historians who will use this collection. Finally, we consider how the metadata infrastructure might be managed as it evolves with improved text processing capabilities and how an infrastructure might be developed to support a community of users.
Photoinduced Chirality in an Azobenzene Amorphous Copolymer Bearing Large Birefringent Moiety (2006)

A photoresponsive amorphous copolymer that consists of cyanoazobenzene and a large birefringent moiety with extended π-conjugation was recently designed and synthesized. It has been confirmed that this copolymer exhibits a very large optical rotation of 41°/µm under the optimized excitation conditions practically determined within our optical setup, i.e., 457.9 nm, 30 mW and ellipticity=-0.5. The large rotation angle observed could be attributed to the increment of the order parameter of the polymer side chains promoted by the introduction of the extended π-conjugated moiety. Even more, the dependence of optical rotation on beam power, wavelength and ellipticity of the excitation beam has been examined. The phenomenon of photoinduced chirality in an azobenzene amorphous copolymer is discussed and analyzed on the basis of general ellipsometry by solving the transformation matrix of the sample.
Olfactory Coding in Antennal Neurons of the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (2006)

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the antenna of insects serve to encode odors in action potential activity conducted to the olfactory lobe of the deuterocerebrum. We performed an analysis of the electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons in the antennae of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. and investigated the effect of blood feeding on responsiveness. Forty-four chemicals that are known to be present in human volatile emanations were used as odor stimuli. We identified 6 functional types of trichoid sensilla and 5 functional types of grooved-peg sensilla (GP) based on a hierarchical cluster analysis. Generalist ORNs, tuned to a broad range of odors, moderate specialist ORNs and 2 ORNs tuned to only one odor were identified in different sensilla types. Neurons in GP were tuned to more polar compounds including the important behavioral attractant ammonia and its synergist L-lactic acid, responses to which were found only in GP. Combinatorial coding is the most plausible principle operating in the olfactory system of this mosquito species. We document for the first time both up- and downregulation of ORN responsiveness after blood feeding. Modulation of host-seeking and oviposition behavior is associated with both qualitative and quantitative changes in the peripheral sensory system.
Serious bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under anti-TNF-alpha therapy (2003)

A high level of suspicion of infection is necessary in patients under anti-TNF-alpha therapy. We suggest additional strategies for the prevention, rapid identification and pre-emptive therapy of such infections.
Use of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Radioimmunodetection and Computed Tomography for Predicting the Resectability of Recurrent Colorectal Cancer (1997)

The accuracy of arcitumomab for assessing resectability status is greater than that of CT, both in all patients undergoing evaluation for curative abdominopelvic resection of colorectal cancer and in the subset of patients with suspected or proven liver metastases. The additional use of arcitumomab with CT potentially doubles the number of patients who could be saved the cost, morbidity, and mortality of unnecessary abdominopelvic surgery and increases those who are potentially resectable for cure by 40%.
Disruption of the APC gene by a retrotransposal insertion of L1 sequence in a colon cancer. (1992)

The APC gene is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis and is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene associated with development of sporadic colorectal tumors. Here we report the disruption of the APC gene caused by somatic insertion of a long interspersed repetitive element (LINE-1 sequence) into the last exon of the APC gene in a colon cancer. The inserted sequence was composed of a 3' portion of the LINE-1 consensus sequence and nearly 180 base pairs of polyadenylate tract. Furthermore, since an 8-base pair target site duplication was observed, retrotranscriptional insertion of an active LINE-1 sequence is suspected as the cause of this insertion event. This is the first report of the disruption of a tumor suppressor gene caused by somatic insertion of a mobile genetic element.
Tumor Vesicle—Associated CD147 Modulates the Angiogenic Capability of Endothelial Cells (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradation of extracellular matrix is thought to play an important role in invasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated that CD147/extracellular MMP inducer, a membrane-spanning molecule highly expressed in tumor cells, may be involved in the progression of malignancies by regulating expression of MMP in peritumoral stromal cells. In the present study we show that CD147 is expressed in microvesicles derived from epithelial ovarian cancer cells and that CD147-positive vesicles may promote an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells in vitro. Vesicles shed by human ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR3, SKOV3, and A2780 expressed different levels of CD147 and stimulated proangiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a CD147-dependent fashion (OVCAR3 > SKOV3 > A2780). Moreover, vesicles shed by ovarian carcinoma cell line CABA I with low CD147 expression had no significant effect on the development of angiogenic phenotype in HUVECs. The treatment of OVCAR3 cells with small interfering RNA against CD147 suppressed the angiogenic potential of OVCAR3-derived microvesicles. However, transfection of CD147 cDNA into the CABA I cell line enabled CABA I-derived vesicles to induce angiogenesis and to promote MMP genes expression in HUVECs. We therefore conclude that vesicles shed by ovarian cancer cells may induce proangiogenic activities of HUVECs by a CD147-mediated mechanism.
Mechanism of conversion to mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infecting cystic fibrosis patients. (1993)

Chronic respiratory infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The initially colonizing strains are nonmucoid, but in the CF lung they invariably convert into the mucoid, exopolysaccharide alginate-overproducing form causing further deterioration and poor prognosis. Here we report the molecular basis of conversion to mucoidy. The algU gene is required for expression of the key alginate biosynthetic gene algD and encodes a protein homologous to sigma H, an alternative sigma factor regulating sporulation and other post-exponential-phase processes in Bacillus. The algU gene and the negative regulators mucA and mucB constitute the gene cluster controlling conversion to mucoidy. We demonstrate a critical role of mucA in this process based on (i) the presence of frameshift mutations disrupting the mucA coding region in mucoid cells that were absent in nonmucoid parental strains, (ii) genetic complementation of mucA mutations with the mucA+ gene, (iii) allelic replacements with specific mutant mucA genes causing conversion to mucoidy in previously nonmucoid cells, and (iv) detection of identical and additional mucA mutations in clinical mucoid strains isolated from the lungs of CF patients. These results suggest that the switch from the nonmucoid to mucoid state can be caused by inactivation of mucA, resulting in constitutive expression of alginate biosynthetic genes dependent on algU for transcription and that such mutants may be selected in vivo during chronic infections in CF.
The Key Role of Nitric Oxide in Hypoxia: Hypoxic Vasodilation and Energy Supply–Demand Matching (2013)

We identify a key position for NO in the body's adaptation to an acute energy supply-demand mismatch.
Origin of Multiple Melting Endotherms in a High Hard Block Content Polyurethane. 1. Thermodynamic Investigation (2001)

The phase behavior of a set of high hard block content (50% to 100% hard segment by weight) linear thermoplastic polyurethanes has been investigated mainly via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The soft segment was based on a polypropylene oxide polyol end-capped with ethylene oxide and the hard segment on a 4,4‘-methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) chain extended by 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MP-Diol). By investigating thermal behavior of the samples, it has been possible to assign the observed high-temperature endothermic transitions to the disruption of an ordered structure appearing in the hard phase under certain annealing conditions and to the microphase mixing of the soft and hard segments. These results suggest a two-step melting process: (1) melting of the ordered structure present in the hard phase; (2) microphase mixing of the soft and hard segments. Wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments gave further support to this assignment. In addition, investigation of the melt-quenched samples has shown that for a hard segment concentration lower than 65% a homogeneous mixed phase is obtained while for a hard segment concentration higher than 65% a two-phase system is obtained, one pure hard segment phase coexisting with a mixed phase with a hard/soft segment weight ratio of ∼1.8 corresponding to 65% hard segment concentration.
Learning Deep Feature Representations with Domain Guided Dropout for Person Re-identification (2016)

Learning generic and robust feature representations with data from multiple domains for the same problem is of great value, especially for the problems that have multiple datasets but none of them are large enough to provide abundant data variations. In this work, we present a pipeline for learning deep feature representations from multiple domains with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). When training a CNN with data from all the domains, some neurons learn representations shared across several domains, while some others are effective only for a specific one. Based on this important observation, we propose a Domain Guided Dropout algorithm to improve the feature learning procedure. Experiments show the effectiveness of our pipeline and the proposed algorithm. Our methods on the person re-identification problem outperform stateof-the-art methods on multiple datasets by large margins.
A Method for the Covalent Attachment of Cells to Glass Slides for Use in Immunohlstochemlcal Assays (1985)

A method for covalently attaching viable cells to glass slides is described. The cells are linked covalently to the slide without the use of drying or other fixation procedures that normally destroy cellular surface antigens. The attachment is permanent, and the slides with attached cells may be cryopreserved. The use of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure with this procedure shows excellent sensitivity comparable to flow cytometry.
Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 89, Sites 585, East Mariana Basin, and 586, Ontong-Java Plateau (1986)

C 2 -C 8 hydrocarbon concentrations (about 35 compounds identified, including saturated, aromatic, and olefinic compounds) from 38 shipboard sealed, deep-frozen core samples of Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 585 (East Mariana Basin) and 586 (Ontong-Java Plateau) were determined by a gas stripping-thermovaporization method. Total concentrations, which represent the hydrocarbons dissolved in the pore water and adsorbed on the mineral surfaces of the sediment, vary from 20 to 630 ng/g of rock at Site 585 (sub-bottom depth range 332-868 m). Likewise, organic-carbon normalized yields range from 3 I0 4 to 9 I0 5 ng/g C org , indicating that the organic matter is still in the initial, diagenetic evolutionary stage. The highest value (based on both rock weight and organic carbon) is measured in an extremely organic-carbon-poor sample of Lithologic Subunit VB (Core 585-30). In this unit (504-550 m) several samples with elevated organic-carbon contents and favorable kerogen quality including two thin "black-shale" layers deposited at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (not sampled for this study) were encountered. We conclude from a detailed comparison of light hydrocarbon compositions that the Core 585-30 sample is enriched in hydrocarbons of the C 2 -C 8 molecular range, particularly in gas compounds, which probably migrated from nearby black-shale source layers.
A serum circulating miRNA diagnostic test to identify asymptomatic high‐risk individuals with early stage lung cancer (2011)

Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and its early detection is currently the main available strategy to improve disease prognosis. While early diagnosis can be successfully achieved through tomography-based population screenings in high-risk individuals, simple methodologies are needed for effective cancer prevention programs. We developed a test, based on the detection of 34 microRNAs (miRNAs) from serum, that could identify patients with early stage non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) in a population of asymptomatic high-risk individuals with 80% accuracy. The signature could assign disease probability accurately either in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients, is able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, and to capture the onset of the malignant disease in individual patients over time. Thus, our test displays a number of features of clinical relevance that project its utility in programs for the early detection of NSCLC.
A blue‐emitting triazole‐based conjugated polymer (1997)

Improved performance of light‐emitting devices is reported for devices containing the newly synthesized, triazole‐containing polymer TRIDSB (see Figure). This fully conjugated material has a high solid‐state photoluminescence quantum efficiency, unlike other triazole polymers investigated previously, and emits blue light. TRIDSB holds promise as an electron‐transporting material. magnified image
Effect of temperature and phytoplankton concentration on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) filtration rate (2003)

Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) held in timed-pulse feeding chambers, were provided with algal-rich water dominated by either green algae (Scenedesmus, Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella and Tetraedron) or cyanobacteria (Microcystis) to determine the effect of temperature and phytoplankton concentration on filtration rates. Green algae and cyanobacteria filtration rates were measured as suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) kg−1 wet fish weight h−1. Ivlev's filter-feeding model described the relationships between filtration rates and suspended POC concentration of green algae and cyanobacteria. Filtration rates of both green algae and cyanobacteria increased linearly as water temperature increased from 17 °C to 32 °C and were significantly higher in the warm-water regime (26–32 °C) than in the cool-water regime (17–23 °C). Filtration rates at 95% saturation POC (FR95) in green algal and cyanobacterial waters were 700 mg C kg−1 h−1 and 851 mg C kg−1 h−1 in the warm-water regime and 369 mg C kg−1 h−1 and 439 mg C kg−1 h−1 in the cool-water regime respectively. The FR95 in warm water were achieved at lower POC concentrations than in cool water.
Targeting the carbohydrates on HIV-1: Interaction of oligomannose dendrons with human monoclonal antibody 2G12 and DC-SIGN (2008)

It is widely accepted that the heavily glycosylated glycoprotein gp120 on the surface of HIV-1 shields peptide epitopes from recognition by the immune system and may promote infection in vivo by interaction with dendritic cells and transport to tissue rich in CD4(+) T cells such as lymph nodes. A conserved cluster of oligomannose glycans on gp120 has been identified as the epitope recognized by the broadly HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2G12. Oligomannose glycans are also the ligands for DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin found on the surface of dendritic cells. Multivalency is fundamental for carbohydrate-protein interactions, and mimicking of the high glycan density on the virus surface has become essential for designing carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines and antiviral agents. We report an efficient synthesis of oligomannose dendrons, which display multivalent oligomannoses in high density, and characterize their interaction with 2G12 and DC-SIGN by a glycan microarray binding assay. The solution and the surface binding analysis of 2G12 to a prototype oligomannose dendron clearly demonstrated the efficacy of dendrimeric display. We further showed that these glycodendrons inhibit the binding of gp120 to 2G12 and recombinant dimeric DC-SIGN with IC(50) in the nanomolar range. A second-generation Man(9) dendron was identified as a potential immunogen for HIV vaccine development and as a potential antiviral agent.
TDP-43 Mutations in Familial and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions. The function of TDP-43 in the nervous system is uncertain, and a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. We identified neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases. TARDBPM337V segregated with disease within one kindred and a genome-wide scan confirmed that linkage was restricted to chromosome 1p36, which contains the TARDBP locus. Mutant forms of TDP-43 fragmented in vitro more readily than wild type and, in vivo, caused neural apoptosis and developmental delay in the chick embryo. Our evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS.
The Pentateuch as Torah : Understanding the Canonical Relity of "mosaic Pentateuch" for the codification of Torah as Jewish Law (2010)

초록 · 키워드 목차 오류제보하기 이 논문은 토라의 의미를 현재 우리가 읽고 있는 오경의 구성에서 추적한다 신앙 공동체가 "모세오경" 이라고 부르는 토라를 "모세에 관한 오경" 이라는 시각에서 관찰하면서 토라가 어떻게 해서 포로 후기유대 공동체에서 법으로 수렴되게 되었는지를 논의한다. 토라의 세계, 곧 최종 형태의 오경에는 두 개의 신학적, 법률적,사회 종교사적인 흐름이 존재한다 하나는 시내 산 전승 (출 19:1-민10:10)이고, 다른 하나는 신명기 전승이다. 이 두 전승이 하나로 합해져서 오경이라는 경전을 이루고 있다. 시내 산 전승은 시내 산에서 토라가 주어졌다는 사실을 제사장의 시각에서, 종교 의례적인 관점에서 다루고 있다. 신명기 전승은 광야 유랑을 마치고 가나안 땅 변경에 서 있던 이스라엘에게 토라가 주어졌다는 사실을 시민사회의 시각에서, 도덕적 인 규정이라는 차원에서 해설한다. 페르시아 통치 시절 유대 공동체는 이 두 전승이 합류되어 있는 오경을 모세의 율법으로 공포하게 된다. 그때부터 토라는 유대 공동체의 일상을 법적으로 제어하는 기능을 수행하게 된다. 학사이자 제사장이었던 에스라가 모세의 율법을 당시 유대 공동체의 헌장으로 공포하였던 사실에 주목해야 한다. 오경의 토라가 "모세의 토라" 라는 이름으로 받아들여지면서 토라는 여러 유대 공동체 사이에서 하나님의 법이자 유대 사회를 이끄는 율법으로 간주되었다. 오경을 토라로 읽으면서 유대 공동체는, 그들이 유대 땅에 거주하던 유대 제사장이든, 아니면 디아스포라 유대 사회에 모여 살던 평범한 유대인이든, 토라의 이야기와 가르침에서 자기들의 정체성과 에토스와 사회적 연대감을 확인하였다. 모세의 일대기를 전하는 "모세적인 오경" 을 읽으면서 이스라엘 역사의 시작의 근본이 무엇인지를 바르게 깨달았다 그 근본을 확인함으로 포로 후기 유대 사회는 페르시아의 지배를 받는 유대 공동체가 어떻게 해야 현실의 위기를 극복할 수 있는 지를 파악할 수 있었다. 모세의 토라를 규범적으로 읽으면서 그들이 신앙 공동체 안에서 하나님의 백성으로 생존할 수 있다는 사실을 깨달았던 것이다. #오경 #토라 #모세의 토라 #제사장의 토라 #시내 산 전승 단락 #신명기 #에스라 #Pentateuch #Torah #Moses’ Torah #Priestly Torah #Sinai Pericope #Deuteronomy #Ezra 1. 오경 속의 토라, 토라 속의 오경2. 토라와 시내 산 전승 단락, 시내 산의 토라와 제사장의 비전3. 토라와 모세, 신명기의 토라와 삶을 위한 처방4. 토라와 에스라, 오경으로서의 토라5. 맺음말: 토라, 모세가 전한 복음서참고문헌Abstract초록
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2as an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease (2000)

Inflammatory markers are predictors of the risk of coronary events, but their predictive ability is attenuated by associations with other coronary risk factors. Elevated levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 appear to be a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease, a finding that has implications for atherogenesis and the assessment of risk.
Molecular immunolabeling with recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies designed with metal-binding domains (2001)

To study the molecular structure and function of gene products in situ, we developed a molecular immunolabeling technology. Starting with cDNA from hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against biotin, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, we bioengineered recombinant single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFv) and their derivatives containing metal-binding domains (scFv:MBD). As tested with surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, affinity binding constants of the scFv (5.21 x 10(6) M(-1)) and scFv:MBD (4.17 x 10(6) M(-1)) were close to those of Fab proteolytic fragments (9.78 x 10(6) M(-1)) derived from the parental IgG antibodies. After saturation of MBD with nickel or cobalt, scFv:MBD was imaged with electron spectroscopic imaging at each element's specific energy loss, thus generating the element's map. Immunolabeling with scFv:MBD resulted in a significant improvement of the labeling fidelity over that obtained with Fab or IgG derivatives, as it produced a much heavier specific labeling and label-free background. As determined with radioimmunoassay, labeling effectiveness with scFv:MBD was nearly the same as with scFv, but much higher than with scFv conjugated to colloidal gold, Nanogold, or horseradish peroxidase. This technology opens possibilities for simultaneous imaging of multiple molecules labeled with scFv:MBD at the molecular resolution within the same sample with electron spectroscopic imaging. Moreover, the same scFv:MBD can also be imaged with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and lifetime imaging as well as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, this technology may serve as an integrative factor in life science endeavors.
A 4 Megabit Carbon Nanotube-based nonvolatile memory (NRAM) (2010)

A 4Mbit nonvolatile memory with a Carbon Nanotube (CNT) storage element has been manufactured in a 0.25 μm CMOS process at a production fab. The CNT storage element is integrated in BEOL, requires minimal additional processing steps, and only a single additional mask. The memory can be RESET in 50 nanoseconds and SET in 500 nanoseconds. Demonstrated read access time of the development vehicle is 50 nanoseconds. Write endurance is in excess of 10,000 cycles, and robust data retention has been demonstrated. The CNT storage element is scalable to <;5 nm, and voltage and current consumption during write operations are low. As intrinsic NRAM SET & RESET times are <; 1 nanosecond, improvements in performance are anticipated.
p63 Overexpression Induces the Expression of Sonic Hedgehog (2006)

p63 and p73 are members of the p53 protein family and have been shown to play an important role in cell death, development, and tumorigenesis. In particular, p63 has been shown to be involved in the maintenance of epidermal stem cells and in the stratification of the epidermis. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen that has also been implicated to play a role in epithelial stem cell proliferation and in the development of organs. Recently, Shh has also been shown to play an important role in the progression of a variety of cancers. In this report, we show that p63 and p73 but not p53 overexpression induces Shh expression. In particular, p63gamma and p63beta (both TA and DeltaN isoforms) and TAp73beta isoform induce Shh. Expression of Shh was found to be significantly reduced in mouse embryo fibroblasts obtained from p63-/- mice. The naturally occurring p63 mutant TAp63gamma(R279H) and the tumor suppressor protein p14(ARF) inhibited the TAp63gamma-mediated transactivation of Shh. The region -228 to -102 bp of Shh promoter was found to be responsive to TAp63gamma-induced transactivation and TAp63gamma binds to regions within the Shh promoter in vivo. The results presented in this study implicate p63 in the regulation of the Shh signaling pathway.