gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rig integrated managed pressure drilling (2015)

The complexity and challenges related to drilling of wells shows an increasing trend, and there is a demand for new technology and/or methods. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is gaining more and more attention on the market, giving the possibility to drill the operationally challenged, to drill the economically challenged and to drill the un-drillable. \nThe principles of the MPD technique are not new, but further development of equipment and methods makes it a better choice compared to conventional drilling. Narrow pressure window is an increasing challenge on the North Continental Shelf (NCS), as result of both geological and induced (i.e. drilling and injection) factors. \nStill, several challenges must be managed in order to drill the wells with respect to Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), and cost effectiveness. \nThe report is based on the constant bottom hole pressure (CBHP) technique, considering a fixed installation on the NCS.\nThe main objective of this Thesis is to improve the execution of MPD, by enhancing the working process and organizational aspects. Effectiveness and performance is not only result of the technique applied, the method is at least of equally importance. The key to success is to connect the three elements in a proper way. \nThrough research from previous operations, interviews with rig personnel and cooperation with NOV, the proposed step to fully integrate MPD include\n1.\tMPD equipment permanently installed on the installation\n2.\tAdvanced control system integrated into drilling control system\n3.\tDrilling contractor performing the MPD operation\nRig integrated MPD will lead to an increased HSE level, continuous performance and a reduced overall cost.
Modulation of Sequence Specificity of Duocarmycin-Dependent DNA Alkylation by Pyrrole−Imidazole Triamides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTModulation of Sequence Specificity of Duocarmycin-Dependent DNA Alkylation by Pyrrole−Imidazole TriamidesTsuyoshi Fujiwara, Zhi-Fu Tao, Yohei Ozeki, Isao Saito, H.-J. Wang, Moses Lee, and Hiroshi SugiyamaView Author Information Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Department of Cell and Structural Biology University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801 Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville, South Carolina 29613, USA Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 33, 7706–7707Publication Date (Web):August 6, 1999Publication History Received26 April 1999Published online6 August 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991331ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991331irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chemical specificity,Genetics,Nucleic acid structure,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
ATGGenes Involved in Non-Selective Autophagy are Conserved from Yeast to Man, but the Selective Cvt and Pexophagy Pathways also Require Organism-Specific Genes (2007)

ATG genes encode proteins that are required for macroautophagy, the Cvt pathway and/or pexophagy. Using the published Atg protein sequences, we have screened protein and DNA databases to identify putative functional homologs (orthologs) in 21 fungal species (yeast and filamentous fungi) of which the genome sequences were available. For comparison with Atg proteins in higher eukaryotes, also an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens databases was included. This analysis demonstrated that Atg proteins required for non-selective macroautophagy are conserved from yeast to man, stressing the importance of this process in cell survival and viability. The A. thaliana and human genomes encode multiple proteins highly similar to specific fungal Atg proteins (paralogs), possibly representing cell type-specific isoforms. The Atg proteins specifically involved in the Cvt pathway and/or pexophagy showed poor conservation, and were generally not present in A. thaliana and man. Furthermore, Atg19, the receptor of Cvt cargo, was only detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nevertheless, Atg11, a protein that links receptor-bound cargo (peroxisomes, the Cvt complex) to the autophagic machinery was identified in all yeast species and filamentous fungi under study. This suggests that in fungi an organism-specific form of selective autophagy may occur, for which specialized Atg proteins have evolved.
Point defects and dopant diffusion in silicon (1989)

Diffusion in silicon of elements from columns III and V of the Periodic Table is reviewed in theory and experiment. The emphasis is on the interactions of these substitutional dopants with point defects (vacancies and interstitials) as part of their diffusion mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to unify available experimental observations within the framework of a set of physical models that can be utilized in computer simulations to predict diffusion processes in silicon. The authors assess the present state of experimental data for basic parameters such as point-defect diffusivities and equilibrium concentrations and address a number of questions regarding the mechanisms of dopant diffusion. They offer illustrative examples of ways that diffusion may be modeled in one and two dimensions by solving continuity equations for point defects and dopants. Outstanding questions and inadequacies in existing formulations are identified by comparing computer simulations with experimental results. A summary of the progress made in this field in recent years and of directions future research may take is presented.
Annexin-mediated Ca2+ Influx Regulates Growth Plate Chondrocyte Maturation and Apoptosis (2003)

Maturation of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes plays an important role in endochondral bone formation. Previously, we demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) treatment stimulated annexin-mediated Ca(2+) influx into growth plate chondrocytes leading to a significant increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), whereas K-201, a specific annexin Ca(2+) channel blocker, inhibited this increase markedly. The present study addressed the hypothesis that annexin-mediated Ca(2+) influx into growth plate chondrocytes is a major regulator of terminal differentiation, mineralization, and apoptosis of these cells. We found that K-201 significantly reduced up-regulation of expression of terminal differentiation marker genes, such as cbfa1, alkaline phosphatase (APase), osteocalcin, and type I collagen in RA-treated cultures. Furthermore, K-201 inhibited up-regulation of annexin II, V, and VI gene expression in these cells. RA-treated chondrocytes released mineralization-competent matrix vesicles, which contained significantly higher amounts of annexins II, V, and VI as well as APase activity than vesicles isolated from untreated or RA/K-201-treated cultures. Consistently, only RA-treated cultures showed significant mineralization. RA treatment stimulated the whole sequence of terminal differentiation events, including apoptosis as the final event. After a 6-day treatment gene expression of bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was down-regulated, whereas caspase-3 activity and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased in RA-treated cultures compared with untreated cultures. Interestingly, the cytosolic calcium chelator BAPTA-AM and K-201 protected RA-treated chondrocytes from undergoing apoptotic changes, as indicated by higher bcl-2 gene expression, reduced caspase-3 activity, and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells. In conclusion, annexin-mediated Ca(2+) influx into growth plate chondrocytes is a positive regulator of terminal differentiation, mineralization, and apoptosis events in growth plate chondrocytes.
[Investigation of proximal femoral marrow with magnetic resonance imaging in recovered patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]. (2006)

In addition to fat conversion in the proximal femoral marrow due to steroid treatment, the infection of SARS itself may promote an excessively conversion of the red marrow to yellow marrow of the femoral neck in SARS patients.
Scanning Probe Microscopy (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTScanning Probe MicroscopyMark A. Poggi, Lawrence A. Bottomley, and Peter T. LilleheiView Author Information School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 12, 2851–2862Publication Date (Web):May 11, 2002Publication History Published online11 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac025695whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac025695wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Genetics,Imaging,Molecules,Probes Get e-Alerts
SPECIFIC SUPPRESSION OF ALLOGRAFT REJECTION BY SOLUBLE CLASS I ANTIGEN AND COMPLEXES WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1990)

In this experiment, we investigated the effect of daily injection or continuous slow infusion of either DA (MHC haplotype, RT1a) serum or soluble DA class 1 MHC antigen or its complexes with monoclonal antibody on rejection of heterotopic heart allograft in the combination of PVG.RT1a (RT1a) donor into PVG (RT1c) recipient. DA serum delayed significantly both the early and late rejection of PVG.RT1a heart grafts in PVG recipients. Removal of soluble class I MHC antigen from DA serum by affinity chromatography on a monoclonal anti-class I antibody column completely abolished the immunosuppressive effect. Continuous infusion of purified soluble class I antigen from DA rat liver, even from day 4 after heart grafting, induced a significant prolongation of graft survival. This effectiveness was donor-specific and amplified by the mixture of monoclonal anti-class 1 (RT1a) antibody with DA serum--this being induced only by using continuous infusion but not by daily injection. The results indicate that soluble class I antigen can act as a specific immunosuppressive agent in allograft rejection and that its effect is amplified by monoclonal anti-class 1 antibody.
Expandable intrahepatic portacaval shunt stents: early experience in the dog (1985)

Intrahepatic portacaval shunts were established in dogs by the transjugular approach. The shunts extended from the anterior aspect of the inferior vena cava to the portal bifurcation through interposed liver parenchyma. The tissue track was created by a long transjugular needle and enlarged by balloon angioplasty catheter dilatation. The opening was then stented with a specially made, expandable, tubular, woven mesh of stainless steel wire. The stent was introduced mounted in a collapsed fashion around a folded angioplasty balloon. Inflation of the balloon expanded the stent and the tissue track simultaneously, leaving a large side-to-side portacaval shunt. Nine out of 12 animals survived the procedure and eight of them had functioning shunts as long as 9 months after placement. Pathologic examination showed complete endothelialization of the inner surface of the stents.
Two Essential Light Chains Regulate the MyoA Lever Arm To Promote Toxoplasma Gliding Motility (2015)

Tissue dissemination and host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma are pivotal to their pathogenesis. Central to these processes is gliding motility, which is driven by an actomyosin motor, the MyoA glideosome. Others have demonstrated the importance of the MyoA glideosome for parasite motility and virulence in mice. Disruption of its function may therefore have therapeutic potential, and yet a deeper mechanistic understanding of how it works is required. Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent phosphorylation and the direct binding of Ca(2+) to the essential light chain have been implicated in the regulation of MyoA activity. Here we identify a second essential light chain of MyoA and demonstrate the importance of both to Toxoplasma motility. We also investigate the role of Ca(2+) and the MyoA regulatory site in parasite motility and identify a potential mechanism whereby binding of a divalent cation to the essential light chains could stabilize the myosin to allow productive movement.
Antigen-Chip Technology for Accessing Global Information about the State of the Body (2006)

Traditionally, immunologic diagnosis has been based on an attempt to correlate each disease with a specific immune reactivity, such as an antibody or a T-cell response to a single antigen specific for the disease entity. The state of the body, however, appears to be encoded by the immune system in collectives of reactivities and not by single reactivities. Here we describe our use of microarray technology and informatics to develop an antigen chip capable of detecting global patterns of antibodies binding to hundreds of antigens simultaneously. The patterns fashion diagnostic signatures.
Rationally Designed Pharmacogenomic Treatment Using Concurrent Capecitabine and Radiotherapy for Glioblastoma; Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Outcome (2010)

Capecitabine and concurrent radiation for newly diagnosed GBM seems to be well tolerated and comparable to temozolomide and radiation. A gene expression profile predictive of patient outcome that may be useful in patient stratification for therapy was also elucidated.
Lysosomal-Associated Protein Multispanning Transmembrane 5 Gene (LAPTM5) Is Associated with Spontaneous Regression of Neuroblastomas (2009)

We propose a novel molecular mechanism for PCD with the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles due to LAPTM5-mediated lysosomal destabilization. LAPTM5-induced cell death is lysosomal cell death with impaired autophagy, not cell death by autophagy, so-called autophagic cell death. Thus LAPTM5-mediated PCD is closely associated with the spontaneous regression of NBs and opens new avenues for exploring innovative clinical interventions for this tumor.
Isolation of transplantable erythroleukemia cells from mice infected with helper-independent Friend murine leukemia virus (1981)

The Friend virus complex contains a helper-independent retrovirus, F- MuLV, and a replication-defective retrovirus, SFFV. Murine erythroleukemia cell lines (MEL) have been isolated previously from the leukemic tissues of mice infected with such stocks of Friend virus complex. Since our laboratory has shown that either F-MuLV or SFFV can induce a lethal erythroproliferative disease, it has been unclear which of the properties of conventional MEL cells were causally related to the infection of these cells by F-MuLV and which properties were related to the infection of these cells by SFFV. In this article, we have focused on the helper-independent component of the Friend virus complex, F-MuLV clone 57, which has recently been purified by molecular cloning. We report a method for the reproducible isolation of a new type of murine erythroleukemia cell that can be isolate from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57. We have designated these cells as 57 TP- 1, indicating their origin from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57 and their characteristics as transplantable erythroleukemia cells. Upon subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous inoculation of these cells, 57 TP-1 cells grow in the hematopoietic organs of the recipient mice. No subcutaneous or intraperitoneal nodules occur. Both F-MuLV and a Friend MCF virus can be detected in these cells, but no evidence to SFFV can be found.
An isoform of the rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β subunit expressed in olfactory neurons (1998)

Sensory transduction in olfactory neurons involves the activation of a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel by cAMP. Previous studies identified a CNG channel alpha subunit (CNG2) and a beta subunit (CNG5), which when heterologously expressed form a channel with properties similar but not identical to those of native olfactory neurons. We have cloned a new type of CNG channel beta subunit (CNG4. 3) from rat olfactory epithelium. CNG4.3 derives from the same gene as the rod photoreceptor beta subunit (CNG4.1) but lacks the long, glutamic acid-rich domain found in the N terminus of CNG4.1. Northern blot and in situ hybridization revealed that CNG4.3 is expressed specifically in olfactory neurons. Expression of CNG4.3 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells did not lead to detectable currents. Coexpression of CNG4.3 with CNG2 induced a current with significantly increased sensitivity for cAMP whereas cGMP affinity was not altered. Additionally, CNG4.3 weakened the outward rectification of the current in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, decreased the relative permeability for Ca2+, and enhanced the sensitivity for L-cis diltiazem. Upon coexpression of CNG2, CNG4.3, and CNG5, a conductance with a cAMP sensitivity greater than that of either the CNG2/CNG4.3 or the CNG2/CNG5 channel and near that of native olfactory channel was observed. Our data suggest that CNG4.3 forms a subunit of the native olfactory CNG channel. The expression of various CNG4 isoforms in retina and olfactory epithelium indicates that the CNG4 subunit may be necessary for normal function of both photoreceptor and olfactory CNG channels.
Human Tonsillar Mast Cells (1983)

Mast cells can be dispersed from human tonsils by a mechanical procedure or by the use of proteolytic enzymes. The latter procedure does not always increase cell yield and may adversely affect the mast cell response to secretory stimuli. Mechanically dispersed tonsillar mast cells secrete histamine in response to stimulation with anti-IgE and calcium ionophore A23187 by a calcium-dependent and energy-dependent mechanism. With compound 48/80 and basic polyamines, histamine release only occurs at cytotoxic concentrations. Functionally, human tonsillar mast cells are similar to adenoidal and lung mast cells.
1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadienes as Strong Salt-Free Reductants for Generating Low-Valent Early Transition Metals with Electron-Donating Ligands (2014)

Electron-rich organosilicon compounds, such as 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (2a), 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (2b), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (2c), and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,1'-dihydro-4,4'-bipyridine (4), served as versatile reducing reagents of group 4-6 metal chloride complexes, such as Cp2TiCl2, Cp*2TiCl2 (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5), Cp*TiCl3, Cp*TaCl4, and WCl4(PMe2Ph)2, to generate the corresponding low-valent metal species in a salt-free manner. Nitrogen-containing reductants, such as 2a-c and 4, had stronger reducing ability than the parent organosilicon reductants, 3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene (1a) and 1-methyl-3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene (1b), as well as a pyridine-derived reductant, 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-aza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (3). These greater effects of 2a-c and 4 are likely due to their negative one-electron redox potentials, as typically demonstrated in the reduction of Cp2TiCl2, for which compounds 2a and 4 gave the corresponding one-electron reduced products, pyrazine-bridged and 4,4'-bipyridyl-bridged dimeric Ti(III) complexes 5 and 6, and compounds 2b and 2c afforded the same double chloride-bridged dimeric Ti(III) complex, [Cp2Ti]2(μ-Cl)2 (7), though 1a and 1b could not reduce Cp2TiCl2. Application of the organosilicon compounds as reducing agents for catalytic reactions revealed that the combination of 2c and a catalytic amount of Cp2TiCl2 assisted a Reformatsky reaction of nonanal and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate and its derivatives to give ethyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylundecanoate and its derivatives. In this coupling reaction, 2c served as the best reductant among 2a-c and 4 due to the suppression of an undesired reaction between 2c and ethyl 2-bromoalkanoates.
Real-time visual analysis of microvascular blood flow for critical care (2015)

Microcirculatory monitoring plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of critical care patients. Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging devices have been used to visualize and support interpretation of the micro-vascular blood flow. However, due to subsurface scattering within the tissue that embeds the capillaries, transparency of plasma, imaging noise and lack of features, it is difficult to obtain reliable physiological data from SDF videos. Therefore, thus far microcirculatory videos have been analyzed manually with significant input from expert clinicians. In this paper, we present a framework that automates the analysis process. It includes stages of video stabilization, enhancement, and micro-vessel extraction, in order to automatically estimate statistics of the micro blood flows from SDF videos. Our method has been validated in critical care experiments conducted carefully to record the microcirculatory blood flow in test animal subjects before, during and after induced bleeding episodes, as well as to study the effect of fluid resuscitation. Our method is able to extract microcirculatory measurements that are consistent with clinical intuition and it has a potential to become a useful tool in critical care medicine.