gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotics and structural dynamics characterization of the space station remote manipulator system using photogrammetric techniques (2002)

Analytical formulations of the photogrammetric camera models are described. Both a single-camera model and a dual-camera model are presented. Because the cameras are not fixed in well-defined reference frames, calibration methods accounting for their motion are necessary. Two calibration schemes addressing this issue, namely, a linear scheme and a nonlinear scheme, are presented and discussed. Also presented is an analysis which evaluates the sensitivity of the coordinates of a target to the various camera parameters such as focal length of the camera lens, and pan and tilt angles of the camera.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[A case of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) with tumor fever responding to docetaxel plus prednisolone therapy]. (2006)

We have experienced a patient with tumor fever from hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) who was treated successfully using docetaxel plus prednisolone therapy. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with prostate cancer (T4 N1 M1b). He received androgen-ablation therapy. But six months later he was confirmed to show failure of the previous hormone therapy and disease progression even after anti-androgen withdrawal. Then docetaxel plus prednisolone therapy was started. After two courses of this therapy, the PSA level decreased by 50% or more, and after ten courses an improvement was seen on the bone scan. The patient has survived for twelve months after starting docetaxel plus prednisolone therapy, without serious adverse events.
Chest Wall Paraesthesia After Thoracic Surgery (2012)

, describes chronic post-thoracotomy pain as a continuous dysaesthetic burning and aching pain in the general area of the incision that persists at least 2 months after thoracotomy. It occurs in approximately 50% of patients after thoracotomy and is usually mild or moderate. However, in 5% of patients is severe and disabling.
Anticonvulsant Activity of Pyrid‐3‐yl‐Sulfonyl Ureas and Thioureas (1997)

The N-[(4-cycloheptylaminopyrid-3-yl)sulfonyl]-N'-cycloheptyl urea, a neuroprotective agent, and 10 chemically related sulfonyl(thio)ureas were evaluated in the maximal electroshock seizure test in mice. This sulfonylurea, BM 27, and two structurally related sulfonylthioureas, BM 11 and BM 34, emerged with a 50% effective dose (ED50) of 2.87, 1.72, and 1.19 mg/kg, respectively. Their anticonvulsant profiles were found to be similar to that of phenytoin: active in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and inactive in chemically induced seizures (pentetrazole, strychnine, bicuculline, picrotoxine, N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid). These compounds exhibited a higher protective index and potency than those of phenytoin. Additional work remains necessary, however, to determine whether BM 27 is of clinical interest.
Abiotic Metallofoldamers as Electrochemically Responsive Molecules (2005)

Described are the design, synthesis, and study of nonbiological molecules based on salophen and salen ligands that fold into single-stranded helices in the presence of either Ni(II) or Cu(II). X-ray diffraction studies show that the materials fold into helical structures in the solid state, and a series of NMR studies provide strong evidence that the folded structures are conserved in solution. Metal coordination is required for folding, as NMR and X-ray show that the free ligands do not adopt helical structures. Two of the racemic metallofoldamers spontaneously resolve during crystallization from CHCl3/acetonitrile, and CD spectroscopy and optical rotation show that the resolved, crystalline materials racemize quickly when dissolved at 5 degrees C. This shows that the secondary structures can reorganize easily and can, therefore, provide the basis for responsive materials. By comparison, an analogue from enantiomerically pure (R,R)-(-)-trans-cyclohexanediamine showed a strong CD signal and a large specific rotation. Electrochemical experiments show that a structural reorganization occurs upon metal-centered reduction of a Cu(II)-containing foldamer. When the reduction is carried out in the presence of coordinating ligands, it is proposed that apical binding of those ligands gives square pyramidal complexes. Semiempirical (AM1) calculations support that the helical structure would be disrupted by the reduction to Cu(I) with concomitant reorganization to a square pyramidal complex.
Development and analysis of a PCB vector 2-D magnetic field sensor system for electronic compasses (2006)

A high-sensitivity vector two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic sensor system for low magnetic field measurements has been realized and tested. The system, made in PCB technology, consists of a double-axis Fluxgate magnetic sensor and the readout electronic circuitry, based on second-harmonic detection. The amorphous magnetic materials Vitrovac 6025X (25 /spl mu/m thick) and Vitrovac 6025Z (20 /spl mu/m thick) were used as the ferromagnetic core of the sensor. By applying a sinusoidal excitation current having a 450-mA peak at 10 kHz with Vitrovac 6025Z, the measured magnetic sensitivity was about 1.25 mV//spl mu/T. This value seems to be adequate for the Earth's magnetic field detection (/spl plusmn/60 /spl mu/T). The full-scale linearity error was about 1.5%. By using the thicker Vitrovac 6025X and a sinusoidal excitation current having a 600-mA peak at 10 kHz, a maximum sensitivity of approximately 1.68 mV//spl mu/T with a linearity error of about 1.55% full scale in the range of /spl plusmn/60 /spl mu/T were measured. Due to the use of commercially available ferromagnetic materials, the vector 2-D magnetic sensor system presented is characterized by a very simple fabrication process, thus allowing low-cost devices to be designed.
The design and maintenance of the Andrew help system (1991)

In developing the Andrew Help System, we considered the following design goals:&amp;bull; The Help System must access a very large set of information quickly and easily&amp;bull; The Help System must be flexible and accomodate all levels of usersThe system must be easy to use for beginnersThe system must be robust enough for experts&amp;bull; The Help System must display multiple document formats on different terminal types&amp;bull; The Help System must be hypermedia-based, with links, cross-references, and multiple windows, displaying both text and graphics
Mechanistic Basis of Phenothiazine‐Driven Inhibition of Tau Aggregation (2013)

Blues brothers: Aggregation of the Tau protein is a key event in Alzheimer's disease and Tau aggregation inhibitors are important as potential drugs. Phenothiazines, such as methylene blue and its azure derivatives, have a unique mechanism, specifically modifying the Tau cysteine residues. The modification keeps Tau in a monomeric disordered conformation preventing the formation of filaments and their toxic precursors. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Omics of vector mosquitoes: a big data platform for vector biology and vector-borne diseases]. (2015)

Recently the studies on mosquito genomics, transcriptomics and small RNAomics developed rapidly with the novel biotechnologies of the next generation sequencing techniques. The genome sequences of several important vector mosquitoes including Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti have been published. The genome sizes vary among the different species of mosquitoes and are consistent with the number of the repeat regions. The released genome sequences facilitate gene cloning and identification as for OBP, OR and dsx genes. Transcriptomics provides a useful tool for functional analyses of the mosquito genes, and using this technique, the molecular basis of mosquito blooding, gland proteins and diapauses have been explored. Studies on small RNAomics suggest important roles of miRNAs and piRNAs in ovary development, blood digestion, and immunity against virus infection. The studies on mosquito omics have generated a big data platform for investigation of vector biology and vector-transmitted disease prevention.
Role of L-Ficolin/Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease Complexes in the Opsonophagocytosis of Type III Group B Streptococci (2005)

Serotype III group B streptococci (GBS) are a common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Although deficiency in maternal capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-specific IgG correlates with susceptibility of neonates to the GBS infection, serum deficient in CPS-specific IgG mediates significant opsonophagocytosis. This IgG-independent opsonophagocytosis requires activation of the complement pathway, a process requiring the presence of both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), and is significantly reduced by chelating Ca(2+) with EGTA. In these studies, we defined a role of L-ficolin/mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) complexes in Ca(2+)-dependent, Ab-independent opsonophagocytosis of serotype III GBS. Incubation of GBS with affinity-purified L-ficolin/MASP complexes and C1q-depleted serum deficient in CPS-specific Ab supported opsonophagocytic killing, and this killing was inhibited by fluid-phase N-acetylglucosamine, the ligand for L-ficolin. Binding of L-ficolin was proportional to the CPS content of individual strains, and opsonophagocytic killing and C4 activation were inhibited by fluid-phase CPS, suggesting that L-ficolin binds to CPS. Sialic acid is known to inhibit alternative complement pathway activation, and, as expected, the bactericidal index (percentage of bacteria killed) for individual strains was inversely proportional to the sialic acid content of the CPS, and L-ficolin-initiated opsonophagocytic killing was significantly increased by addition of CPS-specific IgG2, which increased activation of the alternative pathway. We conclude that binding of L-ficolin/MASP complexes to the CPS generates C3 convertase C4b2a, which deposits C3b on GBS. C3b deposited by this lectin pathway forms alternative pathway C3 convertase C3bBb whose activity is enhanced by CPS-specific IgG2, leading to increased opsonophagocytic killing by further deposition of C3b on the GBS.
Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord for relief of pain (1978)

Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord was carried out in 20 patients with intractable pain. The procedure proved simple, and no major complications were encountered. The long-term results were comparable to the results obtained after a dorsal column stimulator implant by laminectomy. The percutaneous technique allowed extended trial stimulation without committing the patient to a major operation. Those patients in whom stimulation did not alleviate pain could be identified during a 2-week observation period, and the system could be removed easily. Seven patients were placed on chronic autostimulation and only one of those failed to experience continuing pain relief throughout the follow-up time of up to 2 years. It is concluded that percutaneous epidural stimulation constitutes a valid alternative to dorsal column stimulator implantation.
Intensity modulated arc deliveries approximated by a large number of fixed gantry position sliding window dynamic multileaf collimator fields (2002)

The intensity modulated arc has been proposed as an alternative to tomotherapy. Treatment planing systems more typically model the conventional step and shoot or sliding window dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) deliveries, and may not support intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT). As well, another potential drawback to this technique is that increasing the number of intensity levels required to achieve certain dose distributions necessitates increasing the number of gantry passes, as may occur if the desired dose distribution is complex (e.g., concave or bifurcated), potentially increasing the overall treatment time. A technique is presented here for the delivery of tomotherapy like dose distributions in a single gantry pass by the use of a large number of fields modulated by a sliding window DMLC technique from fixed equally spaced gantry positions. This serves as a good approximation to either IMAT or tomotherapy deliveries. The planning of these fields is achieved using iterative filtered back projection. Measured results of deliveries of varying degrees of complexity on a homogeneous phantom are compared to desired distributions.
Asymmetric alkylations of a phenylalanylglycinate equivalent. Novel route to dipeptides bearing .alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-amino acid residues (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric alkylations of a phenylalanylglycinate equivalent. Novel route to dipeptides bearing .alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-amino acid residuesIwao Ojima, Takeo Komata, and Xiaogang QiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 770–774Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00158a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A “Branched‐Monomer Approach” for the Rapid Synthesis of Dendimers (1994)

An accelerated route to the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules through the use of fractal components larger than the repeating unit is described. The first-generation bromide 1 and the second-generation novel branched AB4 monomer 2 can be used to prepare a highly regular fifth-generation poly(ether ester) dendrimer (Mr = 9371) in only three synthetic steps.
Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure (2005)

A constant supply of oxygen is indispensable for cardiac viability and function. However, the role of oxygen and oxygen-associated processes in the heart is complex, and they and can be either beneficial or contribute to cardiac dysfunction and death. As oxygen is a major determinant of cardiac gene expression, and a critical participant in the formation of ROS and numerous other cellular processes, consideration of its role in the heart is essential in understanding the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction.
CD3 stimulation causes phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 on serine and tyrosine residues in a human T-cell line. (1991)

The human T-cell line Jurkat was found to contain at least two immunologically distinct isoforms of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC), PLC-beta 1 and PLC-gamma 1. Treatment of Jurkat cells with antibody to CD3 led to phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 but not of PLC-beta 1. The phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 occurred rapidly and transiently on both serine and tyrosine residues; tyrosine phosphorylation reached a maximum level less than 1 min after stimulation and decreased rapidly, both in the presence and in the absence of orthovanadate. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide map analysis revealed that the major sites of tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in PLC-gamma 1 from activated Jurkat cells are the same as those in PLC-gamma 1 from cells treated with peptide growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. Previously, it has been shown that multiple phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 by the growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases leads to activation of PLC-gamma 1. Thus, the current data suggest that inositol phospholipid hydrolysis triggered by the T-cell antigen receptor-CD3 complex is due, at least in part, to activation of PLC-gamma 1 and that the mechanism by which this activation is achieved involves phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues on PLC-gamma 1 by a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase coupled to the T-cell antigen receptor-CD3 complex.
Ultrasensitive nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips with monolithically integrated emitters (2010)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a widely used substrate for microfluidic devices, as it enables facile fabrication and has other distinctive properties. However, for applications requiring highly sensitive nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) detection, the use of PDMS microdevices has been hindered by a large chemical background in the mass spectra that originates from the leaching of uncross-linked oligomers and other contaminants from the substrate. A more general challenge is that microfluidic devices containing monolithically integrated electrospray emitters are frequently unable to operate stably in the nanoflow regime where the best sensitivity is achieved. In this report, we extracted the contaminants from PDMS substrates using a series of solvents, eliminating the background observed when untreated PDMS microchips are used for nanoESI-MS, such that peptides at concentrations of 1 nM were readily detected. Optimization of the integrated emitter geometry enabled stable operation at flow rates as low as 10 nL min(-1).
THE CROONIAN LECTURE 1997. The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine: its role in cell growth and disease (1998)

The reversible phosphorylation of tyrosines in proteins plays a key role in regulating many different processes in eukaryotic organisms, such as growth control, cell cycle control, differentiation cell shape and movement, gene transcription, synaptic transmission, and insulin action. Phosphorylation of proteins is brought about by enzymes called protein-tyrosine kinases that add phosphate to specific tyrosines in target proteins; phosphate is removed from phosphorylated tyrosines by enzymes called protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Phosphorylated tyrosines are recognized by specialized binding domains on other proteins, and such interactions are used to initiate intracellular signaling pathways. Currently, more than 95 protein-tyrosine kinases and more than 55 protein-tyrosine phosphatase genes are known in Homo sapiens. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation is a hallmark of many types of cancer and other human diseases. Drugs are being developed that antagonize the responsible protein-tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in order to combat these diseases.
Protein secretion in the absence of ATP: the autotransporter, two-partner secretion and chaperone/usher pathways of Gram-negative bacteria (Review) (2005)

Bacteria secrete a wide variety of proteins, many of which play important roles in virulence. In gram-negative bacteria, these proteins must cross the cytoplasmic or inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane to reach the cell surface. Gram-negative bacteria have evolved multiple pathways to allow protein secretion across their complex envelope. ATP is not available in the periplasm and many of these secretion pathways encode components that harness energy available at the inner membrane to drive secretion across the outer membrane. In contrast, the autotransporter, two-partner secretion and chaperone/usher pathways are comparatively simple systems that allow secretion across the outer membrane without the need for input of energy from the inner membrane. This review will present overviews of these 'self-sufficient' pathways, focusing on recent advances and secretion mechanisms. Similarities among the pathways and with other protein translocation mechanisms will be highlighted.
Effect of polar head groups on the interactions of phospholipase A2 with phosphonate transition-state analogs (1993)

Several new phosphonate-containing phospholipid analogues were synthesized as inhibitors of cobra venom (Naja naja naja) phospholipase A2. These phospholipid analogues contained a novel thioether at the sn-1 position, a tetrahedral phosphonate moiety in place of the scissile ester bond at the sn-2 position, and several different polar head groups, including phosphocholine, phospho(N,N-dimethylethanolamine), phospho(N-methylethanolamine), and phosphoethanolamine. The affinities of these analogues for the enzyme were evaluated in the well-defined Triton X-100 mixed micelle system using thio-PC and thio-PE substrates. These phosphonates inhibited thio-PC hydrolysis with very similar potencies. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 by phosphonates is known to be pH-dependent [Yu, L., & Dennis, E. A. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 9325-9329]. At pH 5.5, all of the new analogues had IC50s of about 2 x 10(-5) mol fraction. At this pH, these inhibitors are the most potent reversible inhibitors of phospholipase A2 reported to date. In contrast, at pH 8.5, the PE analogue was a potent inhibitor of thio-PC hydrolysis (IC50 1.8 x 10(-3) mol fraction) but was a very poor inhibitor of thio-PE hydrolysis (IC50 is not detectable). However, the inhibition of thio-PE hydrolysis was dramatically enhanced when the enzyme was activated by sphingomyelin, suggesting that the phosphonate inhibitors bind much more tightly to the activated enzyme than to the nonactivated enzyme. The activation and inhibition of the enzyme have different pH dependencies; the enzyme activation is not pH-dependent, whereas the enzyme inhibition is pH-dependent. These results confirm the presence of a functionally distinct activator site on this enzyme.
Boundary Detection in Medical Images Using Edge Following Algorithm Based on Intensity Gradient and Texture Gradient Features (2010)

Finding the correct boundary in noisy images is still a difficult task. This paper introduces a new edge following technique for boundary detection in noisy images. Utilization of the proposed technique is exhibited via its application to various types of medical images. Our proposed technique can detect the boundaries of objects in noisy images using the information from the intensity gradient via the vector image model and the texture gradient via the edge map. The performance and robustness of the technique have been tested to segment objects in synthetic noisy images and medical images including prostates in ultrasound images, left ventricles in cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images, aortas in cardiovascular MR images, and knee joints in computerized tomography images. We compare the proposed segmentation technique with the active contour models (ACM), geodesic active contour models, active contours without edges, gradient vector flow snake models, and ACMs based on vector field convolution, by using the skilled doctors' opinions as the ground truths. The results show that our technique performs very well and yields better performance than the classical contour models. The proposed method is robust and applicable on various kinds of noisy images without prior knowledge of noise properties.