gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cell engineering at a crossroads (2011)

The genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells is the basis for potentially treating a large array of hereditary and acquired diseases, and stands as the paradigm for stem cell engineering in general. Recent clinical reports support the formidable promise of this approach but also highlight the limitations of the technologies used to date, which have on occasion resulted in clonal expansion, myelodysplasia, or leukemogenesis. New research directions, predicated on improved vector designs, targeted gene delivery or the therapeutic use of pluripotent stem cells, herald the advent of safer and more effective hematopoietic stem cell therapies that may transform medical practice. In this review, we place these recent advances in perspective, emphasizing the solutions emerging from a wave of new technologies and highlighting the challenges that lie ahead.
Competition on counter measures to 2-D facial spoofing attacks (2011)

Spoofing identities using photographs is one of the most common techniques to attack 2-D face recognition systems. There seems to exist no comparative studies of different techniques using the same protocols and data. The motivation behind this competition is to compare the performance of different state-of-the-art algorithms on the same database using a unique evaluation method. Six different teams from universities around the world have participated in the contest. Use of one or multiple techniques from motion, texture analysis and liveness detection appears to be the common trend in this competition. Most of the algorithms are able to clearly separate spoof attempts from real accesses. The results suggest the investigation of more complex attacks.
Global vascular expression of murine CD34, a sialomucin-like endothelial ligand for L-selectin (1994)

Extravasation of leukocytes into organized lymphoid tissues and into sites of inflammation is critical to immune surveillance. Leukocyte migration to peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP) depends on L-selectin, which recognizes carbohydrate-bearing, sialomucin-like endothelial cell surface glycoproteins. Two of these ligands have been identified at the molecular level. One is the potentially soluble mucin, GlyCAM 1, which is almost exclusively produced by high endothelial venules (HEV) of PLN and MLN. The second HEV ligand for L-selectin is the membrane-bound sialomucin CD34. Historically, this molecule has been successfully used to purify human pluripotent bone marrow stem cells, and limited data suggest that human CD34 is present on the vascular endothelium of several organs. Here we describe a comprehensive analysis of the vascular expression of CD34 in murine tissues using a highly specific antimurine CD34 polyclonal antibody. CD34 was detected on vessels in all organs examined and was expressed during pancreatic and skin inflammatory episodes. A subset of HEV-like vessels in the inflamed pancreas of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are positive for both CD34 and GlyCAM 1, and bind to an L-selectin/immunoglobulin G (IgG) chimeric probe. Finally, we found that CD34 is present on vessels of deafferentiated PLN, despite the fact that these vessels are no longer able to interact with L-selectin or support lymphocyte binding in vitro or trafficking in vivo. Our data suggest that the regulation of posttranslational carbohydrate modifications of CD34 is critical in determining its capability to act as an L-selectin ligand. Based on its ubiquitous expression, we propose that an appropriately glycosylated form of vascular CD34 may act as a ligand for L-selectin-mediated leukocyte trafficking to both lymphoid and nonlymphoid sites.
[THE STATE OF TRAFFIC TRAUMATISM ACCORDING DATA OF OFFICIAL MEDICAL STATISTICS]. (2016)

The article presents situation with traffic accident traumatism and medical care support of victims of traffic accidents at pre-hospital and hospital stages. The recommendations are proposed concerning insertion of additions into reporting forms of federal (sectoral) monitoring to guarantee fullness of information.
Stimulation of all T cells bearing Vβ1, Vβ3, Vβ11 and Vβ12 by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (1990)

To determine the molecular mechanisms of T cell stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), we examined the expression of T cell receptor (TcR) V beta on the T cells from four strains of mice stimulated in vitro with SEA, using flow cytometric analysis for the number of T cells bearing V beta 3, V beta 6, V beta 8, V beta 11 and RNA blotting analysis for the amount of transcripts of V beta 1, V beta 5 and V beta 12. The number of T cell blasts bearing V beta 1, V beta 3, V beta 1 or V beta 12 were increased in the T cell blasts proliferating in vitro in response to SEA in C57BL/6 mice. In AKR/J mice, which contain few V beta 11- or V beta 12-bearing T cells due to a tolerance to the self-MHC class II IE-antigens, T cells bearing V beta 1 or V beta 3 responded to SEA. SEA enriched only V beta 1-bearing T cells in BALB/c mice carrying Mls-2a which lack Mls-1a-reactive V beta 3-bearing T cells as well as V beta 11- and V beta 12-bearing T cells. In spite of the presence of V beta 1-bearing T cells, C3H/He T cells exhibited a very low responsiveness to SEA. T cell repertoires skewed by clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells may in part account for the different sensitivity to SEA among the different strains. A tolerance to SEA can be established in C57BL/6 mice which have been primed i.v. with SEA and treated i.p. with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide 2 days later. All mature T cells bearing V beta 3 or V beta 11 were virtually abolished in the periphery of tolerant mice. These results suggest that most T cells reactive to SEA bear V beta 1, V beta 3, V beta 11 or V beta 12 and that clonal deletion of mature T cells reactive to SEA may account for the cellular mechanisms for cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance to SEA.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Contributes to Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons during Experimental Group B Streptococcal Meningitis (1997)

To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in neuronal injury in experimental group B streptococcal meningitis, infected neonatal rats were treated with a monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or saline given at the time of infection. Histopathology after 24 h showed necrosis in the cortex and apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Treated animals had significantly less hippocampal injury than did controls (P < .001) but had similar cortical injury and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation. The antibody was then administered directly intracisternally (170 microg) to test whether higher CSF concentrations reduced inflammation or cortical injury. Again, hippocampal apoptosis was significantly reduced (P < .01), while cortical injury and inflammation were not. Thus, TNF-alpha played a critical role in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, while it was not essential for the development of inflammation and cortical injury in this model.
Size Effect in Brazilian Split-Cylinder Tests: Measurements and Fracture Analysis (1991)

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Hippocampal blood flow in normal aging measured with arterial spin labeling at 3T (2010)

Due to methodological difficulties related to the small size, variable distribution of hippocampal arteries, and the location of the hippocampus in the proximity of middle cranial fossa, little is known about hippocampal blood flow (HBF). We have tested the utility of a pulsed arterial spin labeling sequence based on multi-shot true fast imaging in steady precession to measure HBF in 34 normal volunteers (17 women, 17 men, 26-92 years old). Flow sensitivity to a mild hypercapnic challenge was also examined. Coregistered 3D MPRAGE sequence was used to eliminate from hippocampal and cortical regions of interest all voxel with <75% of gray matter. Large blood vessels were also excluded. HBF in normal volunteers averaged 61.2 ± 9.0 mL/(100 g min). There was no statistically significant age or gender effect. Under a mild hypercapnia challenge (end tidal CO(2) pressure increase of 6.8 ± 1.9 mmHg over the baseline), HBF response was 14.1 ± 10.8 mL/(100 g min), whereas cortical gray matter flow increased by 18.0 ± 12.2 mL/(100 g min). Flow response among women was significantly larger than in the men. The average absolute difference between two successive HBF measures was 3.6 mL/(100 g min) or 5.4%. The 3T true fast imaging in steady precession arterial spin labeling method offers a HBF measurement strategy that combines good spatial resolution, sensitivity, and minimal image distortions.
Inheritance of Photoperiod-Sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Gene in Rice (1991)

This article 'Inheritance of Photoperiod-Sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Gene in Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Mushroom Tyrosinase:  Recent Prospects (2003)

Tyrosinase, also known as polyphenol oxidase, is a copper-containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals, and plants. Nowadays mushroom tyrosinase has become popular because it is readily available and useful in a number of applications. This work presents a study on the importance of tyrosinase, especially that derived from mushroom, and describes its biochemical character and inhibition and activation by the various chemicals obtained from natural and synthetic origins with its clinical and industrial importance in the recent prospects.
A classification model for rock typing using dielectric permittivity and petrophysical data (2009)

Dielectric and petrophysical data for both carbonate and sandstone brine-saturated rocks have been used in a discriminant analysis for the purpose of developing a model for rock-type classification. A total of eight petrophysical and dielectric parameters were used in this study. The petrophysical parameters consist of a cation exchange capacity (CEC), a specific surface area (SA) and a rock porosity (ϕ). The dielectric parameters deduced from the impedance measurements consist of ζs and ζ∞, which are real numbers representing the static and the high-frequency relative dielectric permittivities of the water-saturated rock, respectively, the characteristic relaxation time τ, the spread parameter α and σs, which is the dc conductivity of the water-saturated rock. Outliers have been identified by computing the squared Mahalanobis distances to centroid. Multivariate data cases with relatively large values of the squared Mahalanobis distance associated with small probabilities in the order of 0.001 or less have been removed. Results of the discriminant analysis indicate that only four variables (ζs, ζ∞, ϕ, CEC) are sufficient to identify rock types. The analysis reveals the existence of a significant discriminant function to distinguish among two distinct rock types related to two broadly defined lithofacies: sandstones and carbonates. A rock-type classification model based on dielectric permittivity and petrophysical data is, therefore, introduced. The model has been validated by an independent set of testing samples. The results of this study indicate that the use of dielectric permittivity data, in conjunction with basic rock properties such as the porosity and the cation exchange capacity, appears to be a robust approach for hydrocarbon rock-type classification.
An optically active diffractive device for a high‐efficiency light valve (1995)

Abstract— A new type of a liquid crystal diffractive light valve, based on optical activity, is proposed. The diffraction results from opposite twisted stripes of nematic liquid crystal material where the twist sense is defined by a patterned alignment layer. The new device demonstrates polarization independent diffraction without the need for high resolution patterning of electrodes.
Angiogenic gene therapy for heart disease: a review of animal studies and clinical trials (2001)

The current published clinical literature on angiogenic gene therapy for the treatment of myocardial ischemia does not include a single randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Based on current clinical literature, it is an unproven therapy. Successful animal studies combined with published reports of good outcomes in patients enrolled in uncontrolled trials has led to the expectation that angiogenic gene therapy will ultimately become a clinical reality. The next important landmark in the field will be the publication of data showing a favorable effect of angiogenic gene transfer in placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trials.
The prediction of lymph node metastases from oral squamous carcinoma (1976)

In an attempt to predict which cases of oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are likely to metastasize to regional lymph nodes a series of 898 cases was grouped according to site, size, grade of histological differentiation, and presence or absence of histologically confirmed regional lymph node metastases. The results were analysed by a logistic multiple regression analysis. They showed that the sites may be divided into three clusters, Cluster 1 consists of tumors of lip, floor of mouth, cheek mucosa, hard palate, and gingiva. These are not significantly different as regards metastasis rate. Cluster 2 consists of tumors of the anterior two-thirds of tongue and has a higher tendency to metastasis than those in Cluster 1. Lesions of the posterior third of tongue and oropharynx form Cluster 3 which exhibits the greatest tendency to metastasis. Sizes of primary lesions are clustered in groups of lesions less than 3 cm, those 3 to less than 4 cm, and those 4 cm or larger, in ascending tendency to metastasis. Well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors are not significantly different in their tendency to metastasize and may be reduced to a single cluster, whereas poorly differentiated tumors have a markedly higher metastasis rate. Using these clusters it has been possible to predict the logistically transformed probability of metastasis to a high degree of accuracy (R=0.9398). From this we conclude that if for a given tumor we know to which site, size or differentiation cluster it belongs, we can then estimate its probability of metastasising.
Automatic morphological analysis for acute leukemia identification in peripheral blood microscope images (2005)

The early identification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia symptoms in patients can greatly increase the probability of recovery. Nowadays the leukemia disease can be identified by automatic specific tests such as Cytogenetics and Immunophenotyping and morphological cell classification made by experienced operators observing blood/marrow microscope images. Those methods are not included into large screening programs and are applied only when typical symptoms appears in normal blood analysis. The Cytogenetics and Immunophenotyping diagnostic methods are currently preferred for their great accuracy with respect to the method of blood cell observation which presents undesirable drawbacks: slowness and it presents a not standardized accuracy since it depends on the operator's capabilities and tiredness. Conversely, the morphological analysis just requires an image -not a blood sample- and hence is suitable for low-cost and remote diagnostic systems. The presented paper shows the effectiveness of an automatic morphological method to identify the Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia by peripheral blood microscope images. The proposed system firstly individuates in the blood image the leucocytes from the others blood cells, then it selects the lymphocyte cells (the ones interested by acute leukemia), it evaluates morphological indexes from those cells and finally it classifies the presence of the leukemia.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2008)

Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the culmination of many different genetic and environmental influences. Prior studies have shown that RNAs are pathologically altered during the inexorable course of some NDs. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be a contributing factor in neurodegeneration. miRNAs are brain-enriched, small ( approximately 22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that participate in mRNA translational regulation. Although discovered in the framework of worm development, miRNAs are now appreciated to play a dynamic role in many mammalian brain-related biochemical pathways, including neuroplasticity and stress responses. Research about miRNAs in the context of neurodegeneration is accumulating rapidly, and the goal of this review is to provide perspective for these new data that may be helpful to specialists in either field. An overview is provided about the normal functions for miRNAs, including some of the newer concepts related to the human brain. Recently published studies pertaining to the roles of miRNAs in NDs--including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and triplet repeat disorders-are described. Finally, a discussion is included with theoretical syntheses and possible future directions in exploring the nexus between miRNA and ND research.
Immunotoxin Treatment of Cancer (2006)

Immunotoxins are proteins used to treat cancer that are composed of an antibody fragment linked to a toxin. The immunotoxin binds to a surface antigen on a cancer cell, enters the cell by endocytosis, and kills it. The most potent immunotoxins are made from bacterial and plant toxins. Refinements over many years have produced recombinant immunotoxins; these therapeutic proteins are made using protein engineering. Individual immunotoxins are designed to treat specific cancers. To date, most success has been achieved treating hematologic tumors. Obstacles to successful treatment of solid tumors include poor penetration into tumor masses and the immune response to the toxin component of the immunotoxin, which limits the number of cycles that can be given. Strategies to overcome these limitations are being pursued.
A Study on the Slipping Problem for Cable-Membrane Structures (2008)

The objective of this study is find out the stressed condition, slipped direction and slipped dimension when some elements of cable-membrane structures are slipped from it's initially designed coordinates by external loads as wind or non uniform load and so on. In order to search the slipped behaviors of cable-membrane structures, a ALE finite element formulation is introduced. In these procedures, a stiffness matrix related with ALE concept is formulated and a FE analysis program for cable-membrane structures with slipped elements is developed.
A monoclonal antibody to LFA‐3, the CD2 ligand, specifically immobilizes major histocompatibility complex proteins (1989)

T cells are activated when the antigen-specific T cell receptor recognizes antigen in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. The T cell surface protein CD2 (T11, LFA-2, the T erythrocyte receptor) and its target or stimulator cell ligand, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3), are also involved in T cell adhesion and activation. The molecular mechanisms by which the CD2/LFA-3 interaction affects T cell adhesion and activation are unclear. The CD2/LFA-3 interaction may be modeled by the interaction between LFA-3 and anti-LFA-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). We used the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique to investigate the effect of anti-LFA-3 mAb on the lateral mobility of MHC proteins in plasma membranes of JY, a human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line. Anti-LFA-3 mAb induced immobilization of class I MHC proteins labeled with bivalent but not monovalent fluorescein-conjugated W6/32 mAb. Anti-LFA-3 mAb also caused immobilization of class II MHC proteins labeled with bivalent fluoresceinated LB3.1 mAb. In contrast, anti-LFA-3 mAb did not affect the mobilities of either a B cell membrane protein labeled with bivalent fluoresceinated anti-CD45 (human leukocyte antigen) mAb or a membrane lipid analogue. Unlike anti-LFA-3 mAb, anti-LFA-1 mAb did not affect class I MHC protein mobility. These results suggest that CD2 binding to LFA-3 may trigger a physiological response in which target cell MHC proteins, cross-linked by receptors on the T cell surface, are immobilized at and thereby localized to the T cell-target cell interface.
Cross-reactions of the group-specific polysaccharides of streptococcal groups B and G in anti-pneumococcal sera with especial reference to type 23 and its determinants. (1967)

Quantitative data are given on the extensive cross-reactivity of the group polysaccharides of streptococcal groups B and G in antipneumococcal type XXIII horse serum and on inhibition-reactions in this antiserum. L-Rhamnose, known to be a principal determinant of the two streptococcal substances, is even more easily split off from the specific polysaccharide of pneumococcal type XXIII. This, and the ready inhibition of both the S XXIII anti-XXIII and group B anti-XXIII reactions by L-rhamnose, show that this sugar, probably in the form of non-reducing end-groups, is also a major determinant of S XXIII. D-Galactose is also involved in the specificity of S XXIII and may reinforce the cross-reaction.
Lentivirus vectors: difficulties and hopes before clinical trials. (2001)

The ability to transduce non-dividing cells is a unique feature of lentiviruses which distinguishes them from simple retroviruses. This feature was the major incentive for the development of the lentivirus vector system. Lentivirus vectors can deliver and integrate > 8 kb of transgenic DNA into target cell genomes without inducing a host immune response against the transduced cells. Thus lentivirus vector-based gene delivery can be considered the most efficient method by which transgenes can be incorporated into the host cell genome and maintain long-term expression. This review describes the major developments in the lentivirus vector system, which significantly improve vector biosafety, vector production and transgene expression. The success and difficulties in reverting disease phenotypes by lentivirus vectors carrying therapeutic genes in various animal models including beta-thalassemia and Parkinson's disease and the implications of these studies for future gene therapy clinical trials are also discussed.
Intracerebral Infusion of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Promotes Striatal Neurogenesis After Stroke in Adult Rats (2006)

Intrastriatal infusion of GDNF in the postischemic period promotes several steps of striatal neurogenesis after stroke, partly through direct action on SVZ progenitors. Because delivery of GDNF has biological effects in the human brain, our data suggest that administration of this factor may promote neuroregenerative responses in stroke patients.
Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones by Catecholborane Catalysed by Chiral Group 13 Complexes (2000)

LiGaH4, in combination with the S,O-chelate 2-hydroxy-2'-mercapto-1,1'-binaphthyl (MTBH2), forms an active catalyst for the asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones, with catecholborane as the hydride source. Enantioface differentiation is on the basis of the steric requirements of the ketone substituents. Aryl/ n-alkyl ketones are reduced in 90-93% ee and RC(O)Me (e.g. R = iPr, cycloC6H11, tBu) in 60-72% ee. Other borane sources and alternative catalyst structures based on indium do not form enantioselective catalysts.