gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image representations on a budget: Traffic scene classification in a restricted bandwidth scenario (2014)

Modern fleet management systems typically monitor the status of hundreds of vehicles by relying on GPS and other simple sensors. Such systems experience significant problems in cases of GPS glitches as well as in areas without GPS coverage. Additionally, when the tracked vehicle is stationary, they cannot discriminate between traffic jams, service stations, parking lots, serious accidents and other interesting scenarios. We propose to alleviate these problems by augmenting the GPS information with a short descriptor of an image captured by an on-board camera. The descriptor allows the server to recognize various scene types by image classification and to subsequently implement suitable business policies. Due to restricted bandwidth we focus on finding a compact image representation that would still allow reliable classification. We therefore consider several state-of-the-art descriptors under tight representation budgets of 512, 256, 128 and 64 components, and evaluate classification performance on a novel image dataset specifically crafted for fleet management applications. Experimental results indicate fair performance even with very short descriptor sizes and encourage further research in the field.
A fast, sensitive and easy colorimetric assay for chitinase and cellulase activity detection (2014)

The ChitO-based assay has clear advantages for the detection of chitinase and cellulase activity over the conventional Schales' procedure and DNS method. The detection limit is lower and there is no requirement for harsh conditions for the development of the signal. The assay also involves fewer and easier handling steps. There is no need for boiling to develop the color and results are available within 15 minutes. These aforementioned features render this newly developed assay method highly suitable for applications in biorefinery-related research.
Engineering design methods for cavitation reactors II: Hydrodynamic cavitation (2000)

Abstract The bubble behavior and hence the pressure generated at the collapse of the cavity for hydrodynamic cavitation depends on the operating conditions and geometry of the mechanical constriction generating cavitation. The effect of operating parameters such as inlet pressure through the system's orifice, initial cavity size, and the indirect effect of the hole diameter (it affects the frequency of turbulence in the vicinity of the orifice) on the bubble behavior was numerically studied. The bubble dynamics were simulated in two stages considering: Rayleigh‐Plesset equation up to the point of bubble wall velocity = 1,500 m/s; then the compressibility of the medium using the equation of Tomita and Shima. An empirical correlation was developed to predict the collapse pressure generated as a function of just mentioned parameters. The trends in the magnitudes of collapse pressure match the observed experimental trends for cavitation‐induced reactions. The work is an extension of the earlier analysis done for the sonochemical reactors. Some recommendations are also suggested for the design of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors based on the simulations.
Visualizing mechanosensory endings of TrkC‐expressing neurons in HS3ST‐2‐hPLAP mice (2008)

Somatosensory neurons are classified into three main types according to their modalities: nociceptive, thermal, and mechanosensory. Within each modality group, neurons can be further divided into morphologically and functionally distinct subclasses. Here we show that heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS3ST-2) is a marker for specific subsets of TrkC-expressing cutaneous low-threshold mechanosensory and proprioceptive mechanosensory neurons. Two-color in situ analysis revealed that almost all HS3ST-2 signals colocalized with TrkC but not with TrkA or TrkB mRNA. To visualize the morphological subtypes of HS3ST-2/TrkC-expressing neurons, we generated a HS3ST-2-hPLAP knock-in mouse line, in which HS3ST-2-expressing neurons and their projections are labeled by human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP). AP staining in these mice demonstrated that sensory endings of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs as well as the cutaneous mechanosensory Merkel and longitudinal lanceolate endings in the whiskers are strongly positive for hPLAP activity. In contrast, no nociceptive endings are labeled. In the glabrous and hairy skin, rare Merkel endings and transverse lanceolate endings are weakly stained. During development, each type of nerve endings forms at different time point. Muscle innervations differentiate first, followed by formation of cutaneous sensory endings. Our results revealed the subtype identities of TrkC-positive mechanosensory neurons and demonstrated the usefulness of HS3ST-2 as a genetic marker for these subclasses of neurons.
Multiple genes provide the basis for antifreeze protein diversity and dosage in the ocean pout, Macrozoarces americanus. (1988)

The ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) produces a set of antifreeze proteins that depresses the freezing point of its blood by binding to, and inhibiting the growth of, ice crystals. The amino acid sequences of all the major components of the ocean pout antifreeze proteins, including the immunologically distinct QAE component, have been derived by Edman degradation. In addition, sequences of several minor components were deduced from DNA sequencing of cDNA and genomic clones. Fifty percent of the amino acids are perfectly conserved in all these proteins as well as in two homologous sequences from the distantly related wolffish. Several of the conserved residues are threonines and asparagines, amino acids that have been implicated in ice binding in the structurally unrelated antifreeze protein of the righteye flounders. Aside from minor differences in post-translational modifications, heterogeneity in antifreeze protein components stems from amino acid differences encoded by multiple genes. Based on genomic Southern blots and library cloning statistics there are 150 copies of the 0.7-kilobase-long antifreeze protein gene in the Newfoundland ocean pout, the majority of which are closely linked but irregularly spaced. A more southerly population of ocean pout from New Brunswick in which the circulating antifreeze protein levels are considerably lower has approximately one-quater as many antifreeze protein genes. Thus, there appears to be a correlation between gene dosage and antifreeze protein levels, and hence the ability to survive in ice-laden seawater. Southern blot comparison of the two populations indicates that the differences in gene dosage were not generated by a simple set of deletions/duplications. They are more likely to be the result of differential amplification.
A SIMPLE STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR LIBRARY LOANS (1980)

A simple stochastic model for the borrowing of books from a library collection is proposed which explains some observed circulation frequency distributions. Use of the model requires the specification of just two parameters which may be calculated from the circulation statistics for a fixed period of time. These allow one then to make predictions regarding the patterns of likely future usage, and should assist therefore in determining the impact of any proposed relegation policy. The article is illustrated with data from the library of the University of Sussex, the Wishart Library of the University of Cambridge and from the published University of Pittsburgh study. In the latter case our conclusions differ from those of the original investigators.
Protein-protein interactions within paramyxoviruses identified by native disulfide bonding or reversible chemical cross-linking (1980)

Analysis of native disulfide-bonded protein oligomers in paramyxoviruses showed that some viral proteins are consistently present as covalent complexes. In isolated Sendai virus the hemagglutinating protein HN is present in homodimeric and homotetrameric forms, and the minor nucleocapsid protein P exists partly as a monomer and partly as a disulfide-linked homotrimer. Similar disulfide-linked complexes were observed in Newcastle disease virus (strain HP-16), in which HN exists as a homodimer and some of the major nucleocapsid protein NP exists as a homotrimer. Noncovalent intermolecular interactions between proteins were studied with the reversible chemical cross-linkers dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate and methyl 3-[(p-azidophenyl)dithio]propionimidate, which contain disulfide bridges and a 1.1-nm separation between their functional groups. The same results were achieved with both reagents. The conditions of preparation, isolation, and storage of the viruses affected the protein-protein interactions observed upon cross-linking. Homooligomers of the glycoprotein F, the matrix protein M, and the major nucleocapsid protein NP were produced in both Sendai and Newcastle disease viruses after mild cross-linking of all viral preparations examined, but NP-M heterodimer formation in both viruses was most prevalent in early harvest preparations that were cross-linked soon after isolation. The ability of NP and M to form a heterodimer upon cross-linking indicates that the matrix protein layer lies in close proximity (within 1.1 nm) to the nucleocapsid in the newly formed virion. Some noncovalent intermolecular protein interactions in Sendai and Newcastle disease viruses, i.e., those leading to the formation of F, NP, and M homooliogmers upon cross-linking, are more stable to virus storage than others, i.e., those leading to the formation of an NP-M heterodimer upon cross-linking. The storage-induced loss of the ability of NP and M to form a heterodimer is not accompanied by any apparent loss of infectivity. This indicates that some spacial relationships which form during virus assembly can alter after particle formation and are not essential for the ensuing stages of the infectious process.
Regulated expression of human interferon beta 1 gene after transduction into cultured mouse and rabbit cells. (1982)

The human interferon beta 1 gene has been inserted into simian virus 40 hybrid plasmid vectors carrying the bacterial phosphotransferase gene (neo), and introduced into cultured mammalian cells by DNA transfection. A majority of the transformants resistant to the antibiotic G418 were capable of synthesizing and secreting biologically active human interferon. The neo/interferon transformants contain several copies of the transfecting DNA integrated into cellular DNA sequences. In most transformants the production of human interferon and its mRNA is induced by the addition of poly(rI) X poly(rC); by contrast, the level of neo mRNA is not increased under the same conditions. The 5' end of the human interferon mRNA produced after induction was indistinguishable from the interferon mRNA induced in human fibroblasts. This indicates that information enabling human beta 1 interferon gene to be induced by poly(rI) X poly(rC) is localized to sequences within, or 5'-proximal to, the coding sequence.
Dehalogenation by Mycobacterium vaccae JOB-5: role of the propane monooxygenase (1994)

Mycobacterium vaccae JOB-5 has an inducible propane monooxygenase that has been implicated in the catabolism of most major groundwater pollutants including trichloroethylene. Propane-grown cells are also induced for the dehalogenation of 1-chlorobutane and other chloroalkanes. 1-Chlorobutane is oxidized to 2-butanol, indicating that subterminal oxidation of 1-chlorobutane resulted in a concomitant release of the chloride. Nonproliferating suspensions of M. vaccae induced for the propane monooxygenase can dehalogenate a variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons including monochlorinated alcohols, dichlorinated short chain alkanes, and several multiple-substituted compounds including trichloroethylene. The results indicate that M. vaccae JOB-5 has a monooxygenase of broad specificity that can dehalogenate an array of halogenated hydrocarbons.
Radiological versus histological diagnosis in UIP and NSIP: survival implications (2003)

Patients with a typical HRCT appearance of UIP experience the highest mortality. A surgical lung biopsy is indicated for patients without an HRCT appearance of UIP to differentiate between histological UIP and NSIP.
FastRoute: a scalable load-aware anycast routing architecture for modern CDNs (2015)

Performance of online applications directly impacts user satisfaction. A major component of the user-perceived performance of the application is the time spent in transit between the user's device and the application existing in data centers. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are typically used to improve user-perceived application performance through a combination of caching and intelligent routing via proxies. In this paper, we describe FastRoute, a highly scalable and operational anycast-based system that has significantly improved the performance of numerous popular online services. While anycast is a common technique in modern CDNs for providing high-performance proximity routing, it sacrifices control over the load arriving at any individual proxy. We demonstrate that by collocating DNS and proxy services in each FastRoute node location, we can create a high-performance, completely distributed system for routing users to a nearby proxy while still enabling the graceful avoidance of overload an any individual proxy.
Formatting Time-Aligned ASR Transcripts for Readability (2010)

We address the problem of formatting the output of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for readability, while preserving wordlevel timing information of the transcript. Our system enriches the ASR transcript with punctuation, capitalization and properly written dates, times and other numeric entities, and our approach can be applied to other formatting tasks. The method we describe combines hand-crafted grammars with a class-based language model trained on written text and relies on Weighted Finite State Transducers (WF-STs) for the preservation of start and end time of each word.
Facile Synthesis of β-Keto Esters from Methyl Acetoacetate and Acid Chloride:  The Barium Oxide/Methanol System1 (1998)

The synthesis of β-keto esters has been performed in good yield by reacting excess methyl acetoacetate with barium oxide, acylating the resulting barium complex with acid chloride, and then cleaving the α-acyl β-keto ester with methanol at a mild temperature. Using this new procedure, various β-keto esters were prepared. Thus, methyl 4-phenyl-3-oxobutanoate, methyl 3-phenyl-3-oxopropionate, methyl 4-cyclohexyl-3-oxobutanoate, and methyl 3-oxooctadecanoate were prepared from methyl acetoacetate and the corresponding acid chloride in 69%, 84%, 67%, and 74% yields, respectively.
Characterization of a PLLA-Collagen I Blend Nanofiber Scaffold with Respect to Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

We developed a nanofiber scaffold by blending PLLA with collagen I, suitable for bone regeneration. Among several PLLA-COLI ratios tested, cell growth was better enhanced when blends with a ratio of PLLA-COLI 4:1 were used. Here, growth as well as osteoblast differentiation of hMSC was improved when compared to PLLA nanofibers alone. Therefore, blending is a suitable tool to enhance PLLA nanofibers with respect to bone tissue engineering.
A prognostic test for adenocarcinoma of the lung from gene expression profiling data. (2003)

Until recently, it has been impossible to determine which patients with resected stage I lung cancer are among the 30% who will die of metastatic cancer within 5 years of surgery. Bioinformatics tools applied to lung cancer expression profiling data have identified prognostic genes that have been used to develop predictor models, but thus far, these models have not been incorporated into routine clinical use because of their inherent complexity and requirement for relatively large numbers of genes. We have used ratios of gene expression to overcome these limitations. Here, we evaluate the ability of this technique to identify patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma at risk for recurrence. We derived candidate ratio-based tests from analysis of 36 stage I lung adenocarcinoma samples using previously published expression profiling data. Eleven of these tests were identified for additional study and assessed for classification accuracy in an independent set of 60 stage I lung adenocarcinoma samples. We then evaluated the optimal ratio-based test in the independent samples using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Finally, we examined the ability of this test to predict outcome in a set of 97 stage I breast adenocarcinoma. We found that subsets of the independent lung cancer samples predicted to be associated with either good or poor outcome using the optimal ratio-based test differed significantly (P=0.0056) in terms of survival with a classification accuracy of 74% (P=0.0043, Fisher's exact test). When this test was applied to stage II and III lung cancers, most specimens were classified as poor outcome cancers. Interestingly, we found that the same test significantly (P=0.0417) predicted recurrence of stage I breast tumors, suggesting that at least some of the marker genes we identified may have generalized prognostic significance for adenocarcinoma. Our results provide additional evidence that expression ratios are highly accurate in predicting cancer recurrence and may be used in a simple test to predict response to surgical therapy in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
Design and Construction of Highly Stable, Protease-resistant Chimeric Avidins (2005)

The chicken avidin gene family consists of avidin and seven separate avidin-related genes (AVRs) 1-7. Avidin protein is a widely used biochemical tool, whereas the other family members have only recently been produced as recombinant proteins and characterized. In our previous study, AVR4 was found to be the most stable biotin binding protein thus far characterized (T(m) = 106.4 degrees C). In this study, we studied further the biotin-binding properties of AVR4. A decrease in the energy barrier between the biotin-bound and unbound state of AVR4 was observed when compared with that of avidin. The high resolution structure of AVR4 facilitated comparison of the structural details of avidin and AVR4. In the present study, we used the information obtained from these comparative studies to transfer the stability and functional properties of AVR4 to avidin. A chimeric avidin protein, ChiAVD, containing a 21-amino acid segment of AVR4 was found to be significantly more stable (T(m) = 96.5 degrees C) than native avidin (T(m) = 83.5 degrees C), and its biotin-binding properties resembled those of AVR4. Optimization of a crucial subunit interface of avidin by an AVR4-inspired point mutation, I117Y, significantly increased the thermostability of the avidin mutant (T(m) = 97.5 degrees C) without compromising its high biotin-binding properties. By combining these two modifications, a hyperthermostable ChiAVD(I117Y) was constructed (T(m) = 111.1 degrees C). This study provides an example of rational protein engineering in which another member of the protein family has been utilized as a source in the optimization of selected properties.
Ultrastructural Localization of the Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VPF/VEGF) Receptor-2 (FLK-1, KDR) in Normal Mouse Kidney and in the Hyperpermeable Vessels Induced by VPF/VEGF-expressing Tumors and Adenoviral Vectors (2000)

Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF) interacts with two high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, to increase microvascular permeability and induce angiogenesis. Both receptors are selectively expressed by vascular endothelial cells and are strikingly increased in tumor vessels. We used a specific antibody to localize VEGFR-2 (FLK-1, KDR) in microvascular endothelium of normal mouse kidneys and in the microvessels induced by the TA3/St mammary tumor or by infection with an adenoviral vector engineered to express VPF/VEGF. A pre-embedding method was employed at the light and electron microscopic levels using either nanogold or peroxidase as reporters. Equivalent staining was observed on both the luminal and abluminal surfaces of tumor- and adenovirus-induced vascular endothelium, but plasma membranes at interendothelial junctions were spared except at sites connected to vesiculovacuolar organelles (VVOs). VEGFR-2 was also localized to the membranes and stomatal diaphragms of some VVOs. This staining distribution is consistent with a model in which VPF/VEGF increases microvascular permeability by opening VVOs to allow the transendothelial cell passage of plasma and plasma proteins.
Comparison of RECIST 1.0 and RECIST 1.1 in Patients with Metastatic Cancer: A Pooled Analysis (2015)

This pooled study demonstrated that RECIST 1.1 showed a highly concordant response assessment with RECIST 1.0 in patients with metastatic cancer.
Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous Pimobendan in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction (1989)

Sequential hemodynamic effects of intravenous pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS), a novel compound with positive inotropic and vasodilating properties, were investigated during left heart catheterization in nine patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction less than or equal to 40%) and moderate congestive heart failure (NYHA classes II and III). Studies were carried out before (C) and for 60 min after intravenous administration of 5 mg of pimobendan over 1 min. Pimobendan immediately and progressively reduced systemic resistance [16 and 28% at 10 and 60 min postdrug, respectively (p less than 0.05 vs. C)] and left ventricular end diastolic pressure [from 24 +/- 3 (C) to 12 +/- 3 mm Hg at 60 min, p less than 0.001)]. Cardiac output gradually increased by 24%, but stroke volume did not, due to an equally progressive 14% rise in heart rate, whereas stroke work increased by 21% (all p less than 0.05 vs. C). Both contractility and relaxation, measured at fixed heart rates, significantly improved by 30 and 20%, respectively, at 50 min postdrug. Thus, pimobendan has immediate and prolonged arterial vasodilating effects, together with positive inotropic and lusitropic properties, resulting in an early but sustained improvement of left ventricular pump function and filling pressures.
Assembly of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Based on Indium‐Trimer Building Blocks: A Porous MOF with soc Topology and High Hydrogen Storage (2007)

The key to soc-cess: The trimer building block [In3O(CO2)6] and a tetracarboxylate organic linker assemble into a novel porous metal–organic framework (see picture; In green, C gray, N blue, O red; cavity: yellow sphere) having an unprecedented soc topology (soc=square–octahedron) and high H2 uptake. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604306_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inhibition of gastric emptying and drug absorption by narcotic analgesics. (1975)

The effect of intramuscular pethidine or diamorphine on gastric emptying and the absorption of orally administered paracetamol was assessed in eight normal subjects. 2 Both drugs produced a significant and striking delay in gastric emptying and absorption of paracetamol. 3 It seems inevitable that pethidine and diamorphine will retard the absorption of other orally administered drugs.