gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-associated Changes in Human Epidermal Cell Renewal (1983)

Epidermal cell renewal was assessed nonintrusively in normal human volunteers by monitoring the disappearance of a fluorescent marker dye, dansyl chloride, from the skin surface. In young adults, stratum corneum transit time was approximately 20 days, whereas in older adults this was lengthened by more than 10 days. Because the number of horny cell layers does not change with age, these data indicate that the increased stratum corneum transit time was a reflection of diminished epidermal cell proliferation. Additional analysis indicated that the decline in epidermal cell renewal may not occur at a constant rate throughout the adult lifespan but, instead, remains relatively constant in the younger years and then begins to drop dramatically after age 50. This suggests that a linear-spline model rather than a simple linear model may be more appropriate for analyzing these results.
Leucocyte chemotaxis: Examination of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation by Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins-1, -2, -3 and -4 (2002)

Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins (MCPs) form a distinct, structurally-related subclass of CC chemokines. They are major chemoattractants for monocytes and T lymphocytes. The MCPs bind to specific G-protein-coupled receptors, initiating a signal cascade within the cell. Though the signal transduction pathways involved in MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis have been studied, the signalling pathways through which MCP-2, -3 and -4 trigger cell migration are not established. In this study, we examined the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation elicited by the MCPs (1-4) and its specific role in chemotaxis. Within 2 min, the MCPs (1-4) elicited a rapid and transient activation of MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in HEK-293 cells expressing CCR2b. U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK-kinase (MEK) activation, not only prevented extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation but also significantly inhibited the MCP-mediated chemotaxis. PI3K inhibitors Wortmannin and LY294002 also partially inhibited the MCP-induced chemotaxis. However, these compounds did not significantly inhibit ERK1/2 activation. As PI3K inhibitors partially inhibit the MCP-mediated chemotaxis but do not significantly effect ERK1/2 activation, these data suggest that co-ordinated action of distinct signal pathways is required to produce chemokine-mediated chemotaxis.
First Trimester Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Subsequent Development of Preeclampsia or Other Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (2005)

First trimester maternal serum SHBG concentrations are no different from controls in women who subsequently develop preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction, or preterm delivery. Levels are reduced in those who subsequently miscarry or in those presenting with diabetes.
IMPACT (1991)

The performance of multiple-instruction-issue processors ing and new architectures receive immediate compilation support from the IMPACT-I C compiler. 1
CHAPTER I (2011)

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Power sensor-less MPPT control scheme utilizing power balance at DC link-system design to ensure stability and response (2002)

The authors previously proposed a new MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control scheme for PV (photovoltaic) power systems connected in parallel with the AC system line. It is characterised by utilizing power balance at the DC link under steady state conditions, hence eliminating the array output power detection and achieving power sensorless operation. However, the system response and stability greatly depend on its main circuit and control system parameters. This paper shows a system design to ensure stability and response based on system transfer functions. Response of the experimental system has been proved fast enough for practical use. Full-daytime testing data show the successful tracking results of the system.
Different Effects of High and Low Shear Stress on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Isoform Release by Endothelial Cells (2002)

In the present study, we analyzed the effect of conditioned media (CM) from bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress (SS) of 5 dyne/cm2 (SS5) or 15 dyne/cm2 (SS15) for 16 hours on smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. In response to CM from bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to SS5 (CMSS5) and SS15 (CMSS15), migration was 45 +/- 5.5 and 30 +/- 1.5 cells per field, respectively (P<0.05). Similar results were obtained with SS of 2 versus 20 dyne/cm2 and also when SS of 5 and 15 dyne/cm2 lasted 24 hours. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA levels in CMSS5 and CMSS15 were 9 +/- 7 and 18 +/- 5 ng/10(6) cells for 16 hours, respectively (P<0.05); PDGF-BB levels in CMSS5 and CMSS15 were 38 +/- 10 and 53 +/- 10 ng/10(6) cells for 16 hours, respectively (P<0.05). PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) and PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) in SMCs were phosphorylated by CMSS15>CMSS5. In response to CMSS15, a neutralizing antibody against PDGF-AA enhanced SMC migration to a level comparable to that of CMSS5; in contrast, antibodies against PDGF-BB abolished SMC migration. Transfection of SMCs with a dominant-negative PDGFRalpha or PDGFRbeta increased or inhibited, respectively, SMC migration in response to CMSS15. Overexpression of wild-type PDGFRalpha inhibited SMC migration in response to CMSS5, CMSS15, or recombinant PDGF-BB (P<0.001). These results suggest that the ability of high SS to inhibit arterial wall thickening in vivo may be related to enhanced activation of PDGFRalpha in SMCs by PDGF isoforms secreted by the endothelium.
A proportional share resource allocation algorithm for real-time, time-shared systems (2002)

We propose and analyze a proportional share resource allocation algorithm for realizing real-time performance in time-shared operating systems. Processes are assigned a weight which determines a share (percentage) of the resource they are to receive. The resource is then allocated in discrete-sized time quanta in such a manner that each process makes progress at a precise, uniform rate. Proportional share allocation algorithms are of interest because: they provide a natural means of seamlessly integrating real and non-real-time processing; they are easy to implement; they provide a simple and effective means of precisely controlling the real-time performance of a process; and they provide a natural means of policing so that processes that use more of a resource than they request have no ill-effect on well-behaved processes. We analyze our algorithm in the context of an idealized system in which a resource is assumed to be granted in arbitrarily small intervals of time and show that our algorithm guarantees that the difference between the service time that a process should receive and the service time it actually receives is optimally bounded by the size of a time quantum. In addition, the algorithm provides support for dynamic operations, such as processes joining or leaving the competition, and for both fractional and non-uniform time quanta. As a proof of concept we have implemented a prototype of a CPU scheduler under FreeBSD. The experimental results shows that our implementation performs within the theoretical bounds and hence supports real-time execution in a general purpose operating system.
Lowering the cost of virtual human rendering with structured animated impostors (1999)

We present an image-based rendering technique to represent virtual humans in real-time. Though we deal only with virtual humans, the concept can be applied to any articulated character. Our technique is termed animated impostors because it extends the notion of dynamic impostors to take into account changes in the character's appearance. We also show how impostors can be embedded into large-scale simulations/applications
Bayesian prediction of tissue-regulated splicing using RNA sequence and cellular context (2011)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Visualization and measurement of flow in two-dimensional paper networks (2010)

The two-dimensional paper network (2DPN) is a versatile new microfluidic format for performing complex chemical processes. For chemical detection, for example, 2DPNs have the potential to exceed the capabilities and performance of existing paper-based lateral flow devices at a comparable cost and ease of use. To design such 2DPNs, it is necessary to predict 2D flow patterns and velocities within them, but because of the scattering of the paper matrix, conventional particle imaging velocimetry is not practical. In this note, we demonstrate two methods for visualization of flow in 2DPNs that are inexpensive, easy to implement, and quantifiable.
Interaction of endostatin with integrins implicated in angiogenesis (2001)

Endostatin, a fragment of collagen XVIII, is a potent antagonist of angiogenesis and inhibitor of tumor growth in mouse models. At present, the mechanism of action of endostatin is unknown. We show here that recombinantly produced human endostatin interacts with alpha(5)- and alpha(v)-integrins on the surface of human endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that the endostatin-integrin interaction is of functional significance in vitro, as we found that immobilized endostatin supports endothelial cell survival and migration in an integrin-dependent manner. Soluble endostatin in turn inhibits integrin-dependent endothelial cell functions, such as cell migration. Taken together, these results implicate integrins as potential targets for endostatin function and support the importance of integrins in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis.
Matrix stiffness modulates proliferation, chemotherapeutic response, and dormancy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2010)

Increasing matrix stiffness promotes proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance, whereas a soft environment induces reversible cellular dormancy and stem cell characteristics in HCC. This has implications for both the treatment of primary HCC and the prevention of tumor outgrowth from disseminated tumor cells. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;).
Novel Solvent Systems for the Development of Sustainable Technology (2007)

Sustainable development in chemical engineering offers technical, industrially relevant solutions to environmental and economic issues. This work focuses on three specific issues; improving solvent selection and reducing costly experimentation, improving catalyst recovery while reducing reaction time, and producing commercial viable biofuels by cost effective pretreatments and valuable side product extractions.\n\nNovel solvent systems are a sustainable solution because they provide the ability to replace costly solvents with cheap, benign, and recyclable systems. Specifically, this work investigated the use of one novel solvent system, Gas Expanded Liquids (GXL).When a solvent is exposed to a gas in which it is miscible at modest pressures and temperatures, the liquid solvent becomes expanded, providing a unique tunable and reversible solvent with properties that can be much different then that of the solvent itself. If you apply this gas to a mixture of two liquids of a solid dissolved in a liquid phase, it can often provide a miscibility switch, aiding in separation, crystallization, and\nrecovery of products or catalysts. In this work several different applications for organic\nsolvents expanded with carbon dioxide were studied including miscibility switches for\ncatalyst recycle, pretreatment of biomass for improved bio-ethanol production, and\nextraction of valuable chemicals from lignin waste in the pulp and paper industry. Solid\nsolubility models to improve solvent selection and predict unique solvent mixtures during\ncrystallization were also studied. The results reported here show promise for the use of\nGXL novel solvent systems and solid solubility models in many sustainable applications.
Cysteine alkylation in unprotected peptides: synthesis of a carbavasopressin analog by intramolecular cysteine alkylation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCysteine alkylation in unprotected peptides: synthesis of a carbavasopressin analog by intramolecular cysteine alkylationYat Sun Or, Richard F. Clark, and Jay R. LulyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 3146–3149Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (558 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Docosahexaenoic Acid, a Ligand for the Retinoid X Receptor in Mouse Brain (2000)

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Little is known about the ligands that activate RXR in vivo. Here, we identified a factor in brain tissue from adult mice that activates RXR in cell-based assays. Purification and analysis of the factor by mass spectrometry revealed that it is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is highly enriched in the adult mammalian brain. Previous work has shown that DHA is essential for brain maturation, and deficiency of DHA in both rodents and humans leads to impaired spatial learning and other abnormalities. These data suggest that DHA may influence neural function through activation of an RXR signaling pathway.
Adaptation of Escherichia coli to Ethanol on the Level of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition (2005)

In a recent paper, Chiou et al. ([1][1]) described ethanol-mediated changes in the fatty acid composition of two different strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Surprisingly, although the original literature was cited, the fatty acid composition of the bacteria shown in Table 2 of this paper is
Baroreflexes prevent neurally induced sodium retention in angiotensin hypertension (2000)

Recent studies indicate that renal sympathetic nerve activity is chronically suppressed during ANG II hypertension. To determine whether cardiopulmonary reflexes and/or arterial baroreflexes mediate this chronic renal sympathoinhibition, experiments were conducted in conscious dogs subjected to unilateral renal denervation and surgical division of the urinary bladder into hemibladders to allow separate 24-h urine collection from denervated (Den) and innervated (Inn) kidneys. Dogs were studied 1) intact, 2) after thoracic vagal stripping to eliminate afferents from cardiopulmonary and aortic receptors [cardiopulmonary denervation (CPD)], and 3) after subsequent denervation of the carotid sinuses to achieve CPD plus complete sinoaortic denervation (CPD + SAD). After control measurements, ANG II was infused for 5 days at a rate of 5 ng. kg(-1). min(-1). In the intact state, 24-h control values for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the ratio for urinary sodium excretion from Den and Inn kidneys (Den/Inn) were 98 +/- 4 mmHg and 1.04 +/- 0.04, respectively. ANG II caused sodium retention and a sustained increase in MAP of 30-35 mmHg. Throughout ANG II infusion, there was a greater rate of sodium excretion from Inn vs. Den kidneys (day 5 Den/Inn sodium = 0.51 +/- 0.05), indicating chronic suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity. CPD and CPD + SAD had little or no influence on baseline values for either MAP or the Den/Inn sodium, nor did they alter the severity of ANG II hypertension. However, CPD totally abolished the fall in the Den/Inn sodium in response to ANG II. Furthermore, after CPD + SAD, there was a lower, rather than a higher, rate of sodium excretion from Inn vs. Den kidneys during ANG II infusion (day 5 Den/Inn sodium = 2.02 +/- 0.14). These data suggest that cardiac and/or arterial baroreflexes chronically inhibit renal sympathetic nerve activity during ANG II hypertension and that in the absence of these reflexes, ANG II has sustained renal sympathoexcitatory effects.
Is Lack of Recombinant Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Hormone in the United States a Setback or Time to Consider Glucagon Testing for Adult GH Deficiency? (2009)

The ITT should remain the test of choice in diagnosing adult GHD. However, when the ITT is not desirable and recombinant GHRH remains unavailable in the United States, we recommend the alternative to the GHRH-ARG test to be the glucagon stimulation test, based on its reliability and availability. Nevertheless, further studies into alternative GH stimulation tests that are available in the United States, comparable, and simpler to perform than the ITT in diagnosing adult GHD are still needed.
CD3 limits the efficacy of TCR gene therapy in vivo (2011)

The function of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene modified T cells is dependent on efficient surface expression of the introduced TCR α/β heterodimer. We tested whether endogenous CD3 chains are rate-limiting for TCR expression and antigen-specific T-cell function. We show that co-transfer of CD3 and TCR genes into primary murine T cells enhanced TCR expression and antigen-specific T-cell function in vitro. Peptide titration experiments showed that T cells expressing introduced CD3 and TCR genes recognized lower concentration of antigen than T cells expressing TCR only. In vivo imaging revealed that TCR+CD3 gene modified T cells infiltrated tumors faster and in larger numbers, which resulted in more rapid tumor elimination compared with T cells modified by TCR only. After tumor clearance, TCR+CD3 engineered T cells persisted in larger numbers than TCR-only T cells and mounted a more effective memory response when rechallenged with antigen. The data demonstrate that provision of additional CD3 molecules is an effective strategy to enhance the avidity, anti-tumor activity and functional memory formation of TCR gene modified T cells in vivo.
First demonstration of monocrystalline silicon macaroni channel for 3-D NAND memory devices (2018)

We are demonstrating for the first time epi-based monocrystalline silicon macaroni channel 3-D NAND devices. The highly controllable channel replacement process sequence leads to > 95% yield, with excellent uniformity and reproducibility, proving its potential for manufacturability. The electron mobility of the channel is improved by a factor 30 compared to the polycrystalline macaroni Si channel, together with a reduction of the off state leakage. Furthermore, this channel replacement fabrication process does not affect memory performance and reliability. The performance benefits of this channel replacement technique make it a potential candidate for fabricating future 3-D NAND devices.
Robust real-time object detection. (2001)

The Cambridge Research Laboratory was founded in 1987 to advance the state of the art in both core computing and human-computer interaction, and to use the knowledge so gained to support the Company’s corporate objectives. We believe this is best accomplished through interconnected pursuits in technology creation, advanced systems engineering, and business development. We are actively investigating scalable computing; mobile computing; vision-based human and scene sensing; speech interaction; computer-animated synthetic persona; intelligent information appliances; and the capture, coding, storage, indexing, retrieval, decoding, and rendering of multimedia data. We recognize and embrace a technology creation model which is characterized by three major phases: Freedom: The life blood of the Laboratory comes from the observations and imaginations of our research staff. It is here that challenging research problems are uncovered (through discussions with customers, through interactions with others in the Corporation, through other professional interactions, through reading, and the like) or that new ideas are born. For any such problem or idea, this phase culminates in the nucleation of a project team around a well articulated central research question and the outlining of a research plan. Focus: Once a team is formed, we aggressively pursue the creation of new technology based on
Application of pretrained deep neural networks to large vocabulary speech recognition (2012)

The use of Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to pretrain Neural Networks has recently led to a resurgence in the use of Artificial Neural Network Hidden Markov Model (ANN/HMM) hybrid systems for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). In this paper we report results of a DBN-pretrained context-dependent ANN/HMM system trained on two datasets that are much larger than any reported previously with DBN-pretrained ANN/HMM systems 5870 hours of Voice Search and 1400 hours of YouTube data. On the first dataset, the pretrained ANN/HMM system outperforms the best Gaussian Mixture Model Hidden Markov Model (GMM/HMM) baseline, built with a much larger dataset by 3.7% absolute WER, while on the second dataset, it outperforms the GMM/HMM baseline by 4.7% absolute. Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) fine tuning and model combination using Segmental Conditional Random Fields (SCARF) give additional gains of 0.1% and 0.4% on the first dataset and 0.5% and 0.9% absolute on the second dataset.
Lactic Acid Bacteria As Live Vaccines (2000)

Mucosal routes for vaccine delivery offer several advantages over systemic inoculation from both immunological and practical points of view. The development of efficient mucosal vaccines therefore represents a top prority in modern vaccinology. One way to deliver protective antigens at the mucosal surfaces is to use live bacterial vectors. Until recently most of these were derived from attenuated pathogenic microorganisms. As an alternative to this strategy, non-pathogenic food grade bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are being tested for their efficacy as live antigen carriers. The LABVAC european research network is presently comparing the vaccine potential of Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus gordonii and Lactobacillus spp. To date, it has been shown that systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses can be elicited in mice through the nasal route using the three LAB systems under study. Data on successful oral and vaginal immunisations are also accumulating for L. lactis and S. gordonii, respectively. Moreover, the immune responses can be potentiated by co-expression of interleukins. Future areas of research include improvement of local immunisation efficiency, analysis of in vivo antigen production, unravelling of the Lactobacillus colonisation mechanisms and construction of biologically contained strains.