gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure (2006)

The natriuretic peptides are a family of peptides each with a 17 amino acid disulphide ring structure, but are genetically distinct with diverse actions in cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine homeostasis. In humans, the family consists of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) of myocardial cell origin, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is of endothelial origin, and urodilatin (Uro) is thought to be derived from the kidney. Furthermore, natriuretic peptides have also been isolated from a range of other vertebrates. Notably, some were found in snake venoms: Dendroaspis angusticeps natriuretic peptide was detected in the venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps (the green mamba); CNP analogues were also cloned from the venom glands of snakes of the Crotalinae subfamily; Pseudocerastes persicus natriuretic peptide, isolated from the venom of the Iranian snake Pseudocerastes persicus and three natriuretic-like peptides (TNP-a, TNP-b, and TNP-c) isolated from the venom of Oxyuranus microlepidotus. Human recombinant ANP (Carperitide) has been approved for the clinical management of acute decompensated CHF in Japan since 1995, human recombinant BNP (Nesiritide) has been approved for the same clinical indication in the USA since 2001, and human recombinant Uro (Ularitide) is currently undergoing phase III clinical trails in Europe. As biomarkers, both BNP and NT-pro BNP are currently used clinically to aid the diagnosis of CHF, assessing the severity of CHF and risk stratification in patients with coronary artery diseases. In this review, we will attempt to provide an update on important issues regarding natriuretic peptides in CHF.
Changing expectations: factors influencing paternal involvement in pregnancy and childbirth (2012)

Abstract While studies have demonstrated that men are important to maternal and child health, expectant fathers lack specific roles in pregnancy and childbirth. In this article, the author examines pathways to improve paternal involvement in childbirth and family health. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons
The Effect of Instilled Fluorescein Solution Volume on the Values and Repeatability of TBUT Measurements (2005)

Values of TBUT are dependent on the volume of fluorescein solution instilled before measurement; thus, attempts should be made to standardize this variable. Accurate estimation of TBUT requires more recordings to be averaged than are normally taken, unless breakup time is very short.
Outer Membrane Proteins of Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev1 (1986)

Outer membrane enriched material from six strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum was analysed by SDS-PAGE. The protein profiles of all the strains were dominated by proteins with molecular masses of about 40 kDa, and a very high degree of homology in relation to apparent molecular masses was observed. In all strains except Fev1, one of the most dominant proteins exhibited heat modifiable properties, having an apparent molecular mass of about 38 kDa and 42 kDa when heated in SDS at 50 and 100 degrees C, respectively. None of the proteins of the outer membrane of F. nucleatum Fev1 demonstrated such heat modifiable properties. The 40 kDa protein, and several other proteins, appear to be both exposed on the cell surface and peptidoglycan associated.
N-3 fatty acids, lipid metabolism and cancer (2000)

Increased lipolysis has been suggested as one of Ule possible mechanisms lUlderlying cancer cachexia. The aim of our study was to assess wheUler lipolysis is increased in weight-losing cancer patients taking differences in food intake and body composition into accoUllt. Sixteen heaWlY subjects and 18 cancer patients WiOl different tumor types and weight loss of:>5 % in the previous six months were included in the study. Food intake was recorded for fuur days. After an ovemight fast, [1,1 ,2,3,3-'H5]glycerol was infilsed to detennine Ule rate of appearance (Ro) of glycerol as a measure of whole-body lipolysis, and [1-C]palmitic acid was infilsed to determine the R, of palmitate as a measure of pailllitic acid release. Palmitate oxidation was detennined by measuring CO, enricilinent in breath samples and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. After adjnstment for energy intake, whole-body lipolysis was significantly higher in cancer patients than in heaWlY subjects (6.46 ± 0.63 and 4.67 ± 0.46 flmol/kg.min, respectively; P < 0.05). The difference in palmitic acid release did not reach statistical significance. The rate of palInitate oxidation was also significantly higher in patients Uum in heaWlY subjects (1.15 ± 0.10 and 0.93 ± 0.07 fll1lol/kg.min, respectively; P < 0.05). No differences in body composition were observed between groups. In conclusion, whole-body lipolysis as measured by the R, of glycerol, and palInitate oxidation are elevated in weight-losing cancer patients, but pailllitic acid release was not significantly different.
Antonis Liakos, L'unificazione italiana e la Grande Idea. Ideologia e azione dei movimenti nazionali in Italia e in Grecia, 1859-1871, προλεγόμενα: Stuart Woolf (1996)

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Effect of substitution of glycine for arginine at position 146 of the A1 subunit on biological activity of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (1988)

The ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of polypeptide A1 of cholera toxin and that of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are primarily responsible for the toxic activities of these toxins. Since the amino acid sequences of the two A1 polypeptides are very similar, their functional mechanisms are considered to be the same. Arg-146 of polypeptide A1 is thought to be involved in the active site, because this amino acid of cholera toxin has been identified as the site of self-ADP-ribosylation. However, the exact role of Arg-146 and the significance of self-ADP-ribosylation in toxicity remain unclear. We substituted Arg-146 of polypeptide A1 of LT with Gly by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and examined the biological property of the resultant mutant LT. The substitution changed the mobility of subunit A on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel but did not reduce the vascular permeability activity of LT. This result indicates that Arg-146 is not absolutely required for toxic activity and that LT can express its toxic activity without self-ADP-ribosylation at Arg-146.
Examination of liver reserved function (2009)

Hepatic surgery has got fast development during recent years. Hepatic anatomic complexity is not the fence of hepatic surgery development. The limit of liver function reserve controls hepatic operation and makes surgeons confused. The investigation of hepatic function reserve has made great prograsses recently. This article reviewed domestic and overseas documents to explain the contrilmtion of liww functional reselwe examination for hepatic surgery on the basis of hepateetomy quantity, tumor postoperative relapse, liver transplantation , liver function failure and liver function reserve detection.

Key words: 
hepatectomy quantity; indocyanine green of retention test; lidoeaine test; functional volume determination; liver flmetional reserve
Obligate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Parathyroid Hormone Stimulation of Calcium Transport But Not Calcium Signaling (2000)

PTH regulates calcium homeostasis through direct actions on its cognate type I receptor in the kidney and bone. PTH inhibits phosphate transport in renal proximal (PCT) tubules and stimulates calcium absorption by distal convoluted tubules (DCT). We examined PTH activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade raf-MEK-ERK in PCT and DCT cells and its effects on calcium transport and signaling. In DCT cells, PTH stimulates phosphorylation of ERK2 and activation of ERK2 kinase and is blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059. In DCT cells, stimulation of calcium entry with ionomycin did not activate ERK2 or augment PTH-stimulated ERK2 activity, indicating that MAPK activation lies upstream of calcium entry. ERK2 activation by PTH was blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin-C but was unaffected by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMPs. PD98059 abolished the increase of intracellular calcium induced by PTH demonstrating that ERK2 activation is directly involved in the increase of intracellular calcium activated by PTH in the DCT. Thus, PTH- stimulated ERK2 activation is PKC dependent and calcium independent. PTH also induced ERK2 phosphorylation in PCT cells. However, this effect is not involved in the transient rise of intracellular calcium because PD98059 did not inhibit the PTH-stimulated rise of intracellular calcium but abolished ERK2 activation. In conclusion, PTH activates MAPK in both distal and proximal renal tubule cells. However, the rise of [Ca2+]i depends upon MAPK activation only in distal cells. Thus, a common PTH1R exhibits differential signaling along the nephron that contributes to the ability to regulate distinct physiological actions of PTH.
Prognosis of conventional root canal treatment reconsidered (1998)

In endodontic literature, the so-called success rate of conventional root canal treatment is reported to range between 70% and 95%. This has been calculated as the percentage of successfully treated teeth of all teeth followed up or included in the clinical trial. This approach, however, does not allow for valid assertions on the prognosis of root canal treatment as the individual observation times are not considered. This article discusses some methodological and statistical aspects of how to design a prognostic study which focuses on the outcome of endodontic therapy and of how to analyse the data appropriately. Methodologically, the response variable should preferably be the individual time required for the occurrence of an event, e.g., success or failure of endodontic therapy, which should clearly be defined on the basis of widely accepted criteria in endodontology. Event times can appropriately be analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method, which estimates the probability that the event will not occur within a fixed time. This probability, together with the approximate 95% confidence interval (CI), permits an evaluation of the prognosis of a particular treatment. Two data sets were re-analysed to clarify the rationale behind the analysis of event times. Accordingly, the probability that an endodontically induced lesion will completely heal, e.g., within the first 3 years after root canal therapy ranges between 0.87 (CI: 0.74-1.00) and 0.89 (CI: 0.80-0.98). In this situation, the simple calculation of success rates would overestimate the chance of complete periapical healing within the first years after therapy but underestimate it over longer observation periods. Another example was used to analyse the time to occurrence of periapical pathosis associated with root canal treated teeth not diseased periapically. In this case the chance of recording a successful endodontic treatment is initially underestimated by the percentage of successful cases of all teeth integrated in the study but is markedly overestimated for longer observation periods. Potential risk factors affecting the outcome of the endodontic therapy and thereby the event times can adequately be determined by applying the Cox's or Aalen's regression model.
Nucleotide sequence and promoter region for the neutral protease gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1985)

The thermostable neutral protease gene nprT of Bacillus stearothermophilus was sequenced. The DNA sequence revealed only one large open reading frame, composed of 1,644 bases and 548 amino acid residues. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence was found 9 bases upstream from the translation start site (ATG), and the deduced amino acid sequence contained a signal sequence in its amino-terminal region. The sequence of the first 14 amino acids of purified extracellular protease completely matched that deduced from the DNA sequence starting at GTC (Val), 687 bases (229 amino acids) downstream from ATG. This suggests that the protease is translated as a longer polypeptide. The amino acid sequence of the extracellular form of this protease (319 amino acids) was highly homologous to that of the thermostable neutral protease from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus but less homologous to the thermolabile neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis. A promoter region determined by S1 nuclease mapping (TTTTCC for the -35 region and TATTTT for the -10 region) was different from the conserved promoter sequences recognized by the known or factors in bacilli. However, it was very homologous to the promoter sequence of the spo0B gene from B. subtilis. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the coding region of the nprT gene was 58 mol%, while that of the third letter of the codons was much higher (72 mol%).
Control of ITH percussive longhole drilling in hard rock (1996)

CanadlL'auteur a accord une licence non exclusive permettant la Bibliothque nationale du Cauada de reproduire, prter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de cette thse sous la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format lectronique.L'auteur conserve la proprit du droit d'autem qui protge cette thse.Ni la thse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent tre imprims ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.
The Management of Nicotinamide and Nicotinic Acid in the Mouse (1972)

The metabolism of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide has been examined in a number of mouse tissues following intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 µmole of 14C-labeled nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. In all the tissues except liver, and to some extent intestine, nicotinamide was clearly a better precursor of DPN than was nicotinic acid. In the case of liver and intestine [14C]nicotinic acid produced a transient and considerable labeling of DPN. By 30 min after injection of nicotinic acid, label in the DPN pools of these two tissues had fallen to levels below that found after the administration of [14C]nicotinamide. The amounts of [14C]nicotinamide in the liver following [14C]nicotinic acid injection were far higher than the amounts found after injection of [14C] nicotinamide. Following the oral administration of nicotinic acid to mice, levels of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in the blood changed in a fashion compatible with the liver and intestine serving as centers for the conversion of nicotinic acid to nicotinamide. Furthermore, it was shown that deamidation of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid was not a prerequisite for absorption of nicotinamide from the digestive tract. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that metabolism in the mouse is designed for the utilization of nicotinamide as a precursor of DPN and that nicotinic acid is converted to nicotinamide for that purpose.
Semiconducting and other major properties of gallium arsenide (1982)

This review provides numerical and graphical information about many (but by no means all) of the physical and electronic properties of GaAs that are useful to those engaged in experimental research and development on this material. The emphasis is on properties of GaAs itself, and the host of effects associated with the presence of specific impurities and defects is excluded from coverage. The geometry of the sphalerite lattice and of the first Brillouin zone of reciprocal space are used to pave the way for material concerning elastic moduli, speeds of sound, and phonon dispersion curves. A section on thermal properties includes material on the phase diagram and liquidus curve, thermal expansion coefficient as a function of temperature, specific heat and equivalent Debye temperature behavior, and thermal conduction. The discussion of optical properties focusses on dispersion of the dielectric constant from low frequencies [κ0(300)=12.85] through the reststrahlen range to the intrinsic edge, and on the associated absorption and reflectance behavior. Experimental information concerning the valence and conduction band systems, and on the direct and indirect intrinsic gaps, is used to develop workable approximations for the statitistical weights Nv(T) and Nc(T), and for the intrinsic density. Experimental data concerning mobilities of holes and electrons are briefly reviewed, as is also the vn(E) characteristic for the conduction band system.
[Flow cytometric analysis in non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma and its prognostic significance]. (1992)

Tumor and lymph node infiltration, and the DNA-ploidy status of a tumor contain prognostic information in addition to the information obtained by histological examination of surgical samples. Specimens from 112 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma obtained immediately after surgery were investigated by means of flow cytometry. DNA-aneuploidy was found in 43% of the primary tumors. Independent from tumor stage, patients with DNA-euploid tumors lived significantly longer (p less than 0.01) than with DNA-aneuploid carcinomas. In 29 cases the DNA-ploidy status of the primary tumor (PTU) could be compared with that of the N2 lymph node metastases (LM). 7 samples revealed a change from DNA aneuploidy in the PTU to DNA-euploidy in the LM. Patients with DNA-euploid PTU and DNA-euploid LM lived significantly longer than patients with DNA-aneuploid PTU/DNA-euploid LM, and patients with DNA-aneuploid PTU/DNA-aneuploid LM. In case of lymph node infiltration only the simultaneous measurement of DNA ploidy of PTU and LM offers an accurate prognostic evaluation. Local tumor recurrence exhibited stability of DNA ploidy, showing DNA euploidy in 12 out of 13 PTU and their corresponding recurrent tumor. Thus, the DNA-ploidy status offers additional prognostic informations which is useful for an extended tumor classification.
IgG‐single chain Fv fusion protein therapeutic for alzheimer's disease: Expression in CHO cells and pharmacokinetics and brain delivery in the rhesus monkey (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the Abeta amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potential new therapies for AD, since these antibodies disaggregate brain amyloid plaque. However, the MAb is not transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To enable BBB transport, a single chain Fv (ScFv) antibody against the Abeta peptide of AD was re-engineered as a fusion protein with the MAb against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the ScFv therapeutic antibody across the BBB. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with a tandem vector encoding the heavy and light chains of the HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein. A high secreting line was isolated following methotrexate amplification and dilutional cloning. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein in conditioned serum-free medium was purified by protein A affinity chromatography. The fusion protein was stable as a liquid formulation, and retained high-affinity binding of both the HIR and the Abeta amyloid peptide. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was radiolabeled with the (125)I-Bolton-Hunter reagent, followed by measurement of the pharmacokinetics of plasma clearance and brain uptake in the adult Rhesus monkey. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was rapidly cleared from plasma and was transported across the primate BBB in vivo. In conclusion, the HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein is a new class of antibody-based therapeutic for AD that has been specifically engineered to cross the human BBB.
Studies of molybdenum compounds. 5. Diethyl(2,2'-bipyridyl)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and other higher dialkyl derivatives of dioxomolybdenum(VI) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of molybdenum compounds. 5. Diethyl(2,2'-bipyridyl)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and other higher dialkyl derivatives of dioxomolybdenum(VI)G. N. Schrauzer, E. O. Schlemper, Liu Nan Hui, K. Rubin, Ximu Zhang, Xiping Long, and Chong Shik ChinCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 12, 2452–2456Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00143a008https://doi.org/10.1021/om00143a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Association of the Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype with Viral Attenuation in Animals and Humans: Implications for the Development and Use of Live Virus Vaccines (1979)

Viruses that possess temperature-sensitive mutations are consistently attenuated in vivo compared with the wild-type parental strains. Such temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants are currently used in several live attenuated virus vaccines and have been proposed for use against several additional viral diseases, including influenza. This paper reviews the following: (1) the evidence that the ts mutation itself is responsible for attenuation; (2) experimental infection of animals and humans with ts mutant viruses; (3) the experience of humans with naturally occurring ts mutants; and (4) the rationale for the use of ts mutants in live virus vaccines. In addition, the potential of ts mutants to produce altered patterns of disease is considered. After the known and potential benefits and possible risks involved in the use of ts mutant viruses are weighed, the continuing use and development of vaccines using live attenuated ts virus seems warranted.
Ring-projection-wavelet-fractal signatures: a novel approach to feature extraction (1998)

In this brief, we present a novel approach to optical character recognition that utilizes ring-projection-wavelet-fractal signatures (RP-WFS). In particular, the proposed approach reduces the dimensionality of a 2-D pattern by way of a ring-projection method and, thereafter, performs Daubechies' wavelet transformation on the derived 1-D pattern to generate a set of wavelet transformation subpatterns, namely, curves that are nonself-intersecting. Further, from the resulting nonself-intersecting curves, the divider dimensions are readily computed. These divider dimensions constitute a new feature vector for the original 2-D pattern, defined over the curves' fractal dimensions. We have conducted several experiments in which a set of printed alphanumeric symbols of varying fonts and orientation were classified, based on the formulation of our new feature vector. The results obtained from these experiments have consistently shown the character recognition approach with the proposed feature vector can yield an excellent classification rate of 100%.