gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Hidden and scrambled images: a review</title> (2002)

This paper reviews screen-decoded images, images that are invisible or illegible to the naked eye but that are visualized or decoded by means of periodic phenomena, such as an absorptive grating, a lenticular screen or the sampling frequency of a copying system. Two basic types are distinguished: carrier screen images and scrambled images. Carrier screen images consist of periodical arrays of screen elements, such as dots and lines, which serve as a carrier on which the encoded information is modulated. The counterpart of the carrier screen images is the scrambled image, which consists of numerous separate dissections of the original image. A classification of screen-decoded images by the type of carrier screen is presented in an attempt to clear up the existing confusion in nomenclature.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly activates the phosphodiester hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides in GH3 pituitary cells. Evidence for the role of a polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C in hormone action. (1983)

The early actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) have been studied in hormone-responsive clonal GH3 rat pituitary cells. Previous studies had demonstrated that TRH promotes a "phosphatidylinositol response" in which increased incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid was observed within minutes of hormone addition. The studies described here were designed to establish whether increased labeling of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid resulted from prior hormone-induced breakdown of an inositol phosphatide. GH3 cells were prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate or myo-[3H]inositol. Addition of TRH resulted in the rapid disappearance of labeled polyphosphoinositides, whereas levels of phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids remained unchanged. TRH-promoted polyphosphoinositide breakdown was evident by 5 S and maximal by 15 s of hormone treatment. Concomitant appearance of inositol polyphosphates in [3H]inositol-labeled cells was observed. In addition, TRH rapidly stimulated diacylglycerol accumulation in either [3H]arachidonic- or [3H]oleic acid-labeled cultures. These results indicate that TRH rapidly causes activation of a polyphosphoinositide-hydrolyzing phospholipase C-type enzyme. The short latency of this hormone effect suggests a proximal role for polyphosphoinositide breakdown in the sequence of events by which TRH alters pituitary cell function.
Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients (2000)

All patients suspected to have meningitis had a high HIV sero positivity irrespective of whether they were later confirmed to have meningitis or not. CM was the most common type of meningitis seen. In-hospital mortality was high irrespective of the cause of meningitis.
Implication of a Chromosome 15q15.2 Locus in Regulating UBR1 and Predisposing Smokers to MGMT Methylation in Lung (2015)

O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme that protects cells from carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents; however, MGMT is silenced by promoter hypermethylation during carcinogenesis. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in an enhancer in the MGMT promoter was previously identified to be highly significantly associated with risk for MGMT methylation in lung cancer and sputum from smokers. To further genetic investigations, a genome-wide association and replication study was conducted in two smoker cohorts to identify novel loci for MGMT methylation in sputum that were independent of the MGMT enhancer polymorphism. Two novel trans-acting loci (15q15.2 and 17q24.3) that were identified acted together with the enhancer SNP to empower risk prediction for MGMT methylation. We found that the predisposition to MGMT methylation arising from the 15q15.2 locus involved regulation of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component UBR1. UBR1 attenuation reduced turnover of MGMT protein and increased repair of O6-methylguanine in nitrosomethylurea-treated human bronchial epithelial cells, while also reducing MGMT promoter activity and abolishing MGMT induction. Overall, our results substantiate reduced gene transcription as a major mechanism for predisposition to MGMT methylation in the lungs of smokers, and support the importance of UBR1 in regulating MGMT homeostasis and DNA repair of alkylated DNA adducts in cells.
Simultaneous Determination of Five Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2003)

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) have been previously implicated as a source of carcinogenicity in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Accurate quantification of these chemicals is needed to help assess public health risk. We have developed and validated a specific and sensitive method to simultaneously measure five TSNAs in the particulate phase of mainstream tobacco smoke. Cigarette smoke particulate, produced using standardized machine smoking protocols, was collected on a Cambridge filter pad. The particulate matter was extracted using methylene chloride, back extracted into aqueous solution, further purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using isotopically labeled analogues as internal standards. Limits of detection for this method ranged from 0.05 to 1.23 ng/mL using an injection volume of 20 microL. A linear calibration range spanning 2.5-2500 ng/mL was adequate to measure TSNA levels in cigarette smoke. The method achieved excellent reproducibility and accuracy. The identity of each TSNA was established by chromatographic retention time, analyte-specific fragmentation patterns, and relative peak area ratios of two product/precursor ion pairs. This new method provides higher sensitivity, specificity, and throughput than earlier methods for TSNA determination.
Depth-based hand pose estimation: methods, data, and challenges (2015)

Hand pose estimation has matured rapidly in recent years. The introduction of commodity depth sensors and a multitude of practical applications have spurred new advances. We provide an extensive analysis of the state-of-the-art, focusing on hand pose estimation from a single depth frame. To do so, we have implemented a considerable number of systems, and will release all software and evaluation code. We summarize important conclusions here: (1) Pose estimation appears roughly solved for scenes with isolated hands. However, methods still struggle to analyze cluttered scenes where hands may be interacting with nearby objects and surfaces. To spur further progress we introduce a challenging new dataset with diverse, cluttered scenes. (2) Many methods evaluate themselves with disparate criteria, making comparisons difficult. We define a consistent evaluation criteria, rigorously motivated by human experiments. (3) We introduce a simple nearest-neighbor baseline that outperforms most existing systems. This implies that most systems do not generalize beyond their training sets. This also reinforces the under-appreciated point that training data is as important as the model itself. We conclude with directions for future progress.
Deep Learning versus Professional Healthcare Equipment: A Fine-Grained Breathing Rate Monitoring Model (2018)

In mHealth field, accurate breathing rate monitoring technique has benefited a broad array of healthcare-related applications. Many approaches try to use smartphone or wearable device with fine-grained monitoring algorithm to accomplish the task, which can only be done by professional medical equipment before. However, such schemes usually result in bad performance in comparison to professional medical equipment. In this paper, we propose DeepFilter, a deep learning-based fine-grained breathing rate monitoring algorithm that works on smartphone and achieves professional-level accuracy. DeepFilter is a bidirectional recurrent neural network (RNN) stacked with convolutional layers and speeded up by batch normalization. Moreover, we collect 16.17 GB breathing sound recording data of 248 hours from 109 and another 10 volunteers to train and test our model, respectively. The results show a reasonably good accuracy of breathing rate monitoring.
Integrating organizational memory and performance support (1998)

Article Integrating organizational memory and performance support Share on Authors: Christopher Johnson Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences, 1890 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences, 1890 Maple Avenue, Evanston, ILView Profile , Larry Birnbaum Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences, 1890 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences, 1890 Maple Avenue, Evanston, ILView Profile , Ray Bareiss Cognitive Arts Corporation, 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL Cognitive Arts Corporation, 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1520, Chicago, ILView Profile , Tom Hinrichs Cognitive Arts Corporation, 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL Cognitive Arts Corporation, 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1520, Chicago, ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims IUI '99: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfacesDecember 1998 Pages 127–134https://doi.org/10.1145/291080.291102Published:01 December 1998 5citation393DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads393Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Production of Long-chain Alcohols by Yeasts (1987)

Fourteen yeast strains from six genera were analysed for the presence of long-chain alcohols. Six strains from three genera contained long-chain alcohols, highest levels being found in Candida albicans. The alcohols were identified and determined by TLC, GLC and GLC-MS. The major long-chain alcohols synthesized by these organisms were saturated, primary alcohols with C14, C16 or C18 chain length. Unsaturated long-chain alcohols were not detected. In all strains that produced long-chain alcohols, the relative proportions were C16 greater than C18 greater than C14. Long-chain alcohol contents were higher in organisms from anaerobically, as compared with aerobically, grown cultures reaching about 650 micrograms (g dry wt organisms)-1 in stationary-phase cultures of C. albicans. In cultures of C. albicans, synthesis of long-chain alcohols occurred only after the end of exponential growth. The alcohols were predominantly present as free alcohols. The fatty-acyl chain-length profile of the triacylglycerol and to a lesser extent the sterol/wax ester fractions from C. albicans reflected that of the long-chain alcohols produced by this yeast.
À la source de l'énigme : « Le torrent » d'Anne Hébert (1996)

Analyse des rapports que cette nouvelle, parue longtemps avant le reste de l'oeuvre romanesque, entretient avec toute l'oeuvre de A. Hebert. L'A. montre en particulier les similitudes entre Le torrent et Les fous de Bassan, les ressemblances dans la thematique et dans son traitement, et souligne les eclairages apportes par la nouvelle lors de l'etude de ce roman
Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Associated with Zidovudine Resistance (1994)

During zidovudine therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquires a distinctive set of mutations that diminish the sensitivity of the virus to this drug in vitro. An AIDS patient is described who, while being treated with zidovudine, transmitted HIV-1 bearing a drug resistance mutation to a young woman who had never received zidovudine treatment. DNA sequencing of HIV-1 proviruses confirmed that these 2 persons shared HIV genetic variants, including a mutation at codon 70 in the reverse transcriptase gene associated with reduced in vitro sensitivity to zidovudine. This mutation persisted in the woman > 1 year in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 with genetic markers of zidovudine resistance can be transmitted heterosexually, but it is uncertain whether dissemination of drug-resistant virus will substantially reduce the usefulness of this drug.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease (2009)

FGF-23 is independently associated with left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with CKD. Whether increased FGF-23 is a marker or a potential mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy in CKD requires further study.
Präparative Trennung der diastereomeren Aloine mittels Droplet‐Counter‐Current‐Chromatography (DCCC) (1982)

Abstract Zur präparativen Trennung der labilen diastereomeren Aloine A und B erweist sich die Droplet‐Counter‐Current‐Chromatography als einfache, schonende und reproduzierbare Methode mit hoher Auflösung bei niedrigem Lösungsmittelverbrauch.
Site-Specific Photomodification of DNA by Porphyrin−Oligonucleotide Conjugates Synthesized via a Solid Phase H-Phosphonate Approach (1997)

meso-Tris(4-pyridyl)[[(omega-hydroxyhexamethylene)carbamoyl]phenyl ] porphyrin was converted to its H-phosphonate derivative and conjugated using solid phase synthesis with the 5'-hydroxyl group of deoxyribonucleotides d(TCTTCCCA) and d(T)12. These conjugates were transformed into their (N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin analogs in the reaction with methyl iodide. A 532 nm laser beam was utilized to photoactivate both types of the conjugates in the presence of the target 22-mer and 16-mer oligonucleotides. Photoactivation of porphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates resulted in site-specific DNA modification characterized by a main reaction site size of approximately 5 bases.
Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthetase in Escherichia coli (2000)

Cells of Escherichia coli growing on sugars that result in catabolite repression or amino acids that feed into glycolysis undergo a metabolic switch associated with the production and utilization of acetate. As they divide exponentially, these cells excrete acetate via the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase pathway. As they begin the transition to stationary phase, they instead resorb acetate, activate it to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by means of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and utilize it to generate energy and biosynthetic components via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt, respectively. Here, we present evidence that this switch occurs primarily through the induction of acs and that the timing and magnitude of this induction depend, in part, on the direct action of the carbon regulator cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and the oxygen regulator FNR. It also depends, probably indirectly, upon the glyoxylate shunt repressor IclR, its activator FadR, and many enzymes involved in acetate metabolism. On the basis of these results, we propose that cells induce acs, and thus their ability to assimilate acetate, in response to rising cyclic AMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure, and the flux of carbon through acetate-associated pathways.
Acquired homozygosity (isodisomy) of chromosome 3 during clonal evolution of a uveal melanoma: Association with morphologic heterogeneity (1996)

Cytogenetic investigation of untreated uveal melanoma has shown that the most frequent abnormality is monosomy 3, which occurs in approximately 60% of cases. One of our cases showed distinct pigmented and nonpigmented areas at gross dissection; representative tissue was collected separately from each area, cultured, and harvested using standard cytogenetic techniques. On histologic examination, the pigmented area was found to be composed of small epithelioid cells, whereas the nonpigmented area contained large, pleomorphic epithelioid cells. The karyotype of the pigmented tumor revealed monosomy 3, whereas the nonpigmented tumor showed two apparently normal chromosomes 3. Our purpose in the present study was to investigate the two tumor areas by molecular techniques to determine whether the karyotype of the nonpigmented tumor evolved directly from the pigmented tumor with duplication of the remaining chromosome 3 or whether the two sublines evolved in a divergent fashion from a common precursor stemline. DNA was extracted from normal lymphocytes and separately from both areas of the tumor. The DNA was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction for polymorphic dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeat sequences on chromosome 3. Both pigmented and nonpigmented areas of the tumor showed loss of heterozygosity at all informative loci on chromosome 3 that were tested. These results support our hypothesis that an abnormality on chromosome 3 plays a central role in the molecular pathogenesis of uveal melanoma and that some melanomas develop acquired homozygosity (isodisomy) by loss and duplication of the remaining, presumably abnormal, chromosome 3. Genes Chromosom Cancer 15:138–143 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Voxel similarity measures for 3-D serial MR brain image registration (2000)

We have evaluated eight different similarity measures used for rigid body registration of serial magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans. To assess their accuracy we used 33 clinical three-dimensional (3-D) serial MR images, with deformable extradural tissue excluded by manual segmentation and simulated 3-D MR images with added intensity distortion. For each measure we determined the consistency of registration transformations for both sets of segmented and unsegmented data. We have shown that of the eight measures tested, the ones based on joint entropy produced the best consistency. In particular, these measures seemed to be least sensitive to the presence of extradural tissue. For these data the difference in accuracy of these joint entropy measures, with or without brain segmentation, was within the threshold of visually detectable change in the difference images.
Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures (1972)

The composition of a medium is described that proved useful to culture callus of a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Growth on the medium was often better than on some other excellent media. In addition to supporting rapid cell growth, a soft, friable type of colony growth was often obtained. This type of loose, friable cell growth facilitated work with single cells and the enzymatic removal of cell walls in related studies. A high level of auxin-type growth-regulating substances (AGRS) generally favored cell cultures of monocotyledonous plants, while low levels of cytokinin were essential for most dicotyledonous cell cultures. Some cultures of dicotyledonous plant cells adapted to a cytokinin-free medium containing a high level of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA). The preferred AGRS were 2,4-D and pCPA. Citrate, succinate, and 2(N-morpholino) ethane sulfonic acid (MES) were effective medium buffers, but phosphate alone seemed adequate to buffer the medium at pH 5.8–5.9.
Treatment of unresectable primary liver cancer with intrahepatic fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C through an implantable pump (1992)

Ten patients with unresectable primary liver cancer, eight of whom had elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, were treated with intrahepatic fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) and mitomycin C administered through an implantable pump. Four patients had a partial response, and two had a minor response. The median survival from initiation of treatment was 14.5 months (range, 2 to 32 months), with patients receiving therapy for a median of 11.2 months. In general, the therapy was well tolerated; only one patient had treatment-related biliary sclerosis. In conclusion, the combination of intrahepatic FUDR and mitomycin C was an effective palliative regimen for unresectable primary liver cancer, even in the presence of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and compare this regimen with other methods of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bal - A Tool to Synchronize Document Collections Between Computers (1997)

S.85-88
Purification and Characterization of Four β-Expansins (Zea m 1 Isoforms) from Maize Pollen (2003)

Four proteins with wall extension activity on grass cell walls were purified from maize (Zea mays) pollen by conventional column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Each is a basic glycoprotein (isoelectric point = 9.1-9.5) of approximately 28 kD and was identified by immunoblot analysis as an isoform of Zea m 1, the major group 1 allergen of maize pollen and member of the beta-expansin family. Four distinctive cDNAs for Zea m 1 were identified by cDNA library screening and by GenBank analysis. One pair (GenBank accession nos. AY104999 and AY104125) was much closer in sequence to well-characterized allergens such as Lol p 1 and Phl p 1 from ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Phleum pretense, whereas a second pair was much more divergent. The N-terminal sequence and mass spectrometry fingerprint of the most abundant isoform (Zea m 1d) matched that predicted for AY197353, whereas N-terminal sequences of the other isoforms matched or nearly matched AY104999 and AY104125. Highly purified Zea m 1d induced extension of a variety of grass walls but not dicot walls. Wall extension activity of Zea m 1d was biphasic with respect to protein concentration, had a broad pH optimum between 5 and 6, required more than 50 micro g mL(-1) for high activity, and led to cell wall breakage after only approximately 10% extension. These characteristics differ from those of alpha-expansins. Some of the distinctive properties of Zea m 1 may not be typical of beta-expansins as a class but may relate to the specialized function of this beta-expansin in pollen function.
Sub-50-nm PtSi Schottky source/drain p-MOSFETs (2002)

A PtSi source/drain p-MOSFET fabricated to a /spl sim/40 nm channel length with 34 /spl Aring/ gate oxide yields a current drive of 325 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at 1.75 V by gate-induced field emission. Likewise, a 27 nm-long device with 19 /spl Aring/ oxide yields 196 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at 1.0 V. CV/I delay times extend the scaling trends of conventional p-MOSFETs to /spl sim/2 ps. On/off ratios are /spl sim/25-50 at 300 K, and, on 0.3 /spl mu/m-long devices, /spl sim/10/sup 7/ at 77 K. Room temperature on/off ratios of /spl sim/10/sup 3/ can be achieved by inserting fully-depleted dopants beneath the active region.
Comparison of Respiratory Rate Estimation Based on Tracheal Sounds Versus a Capnograph (2005)

The objective was to compare the accuracy of estimations of respiratory rate (RR), based on tracheal sounds, with simultaneous estimations from a capnograph, using as a common reference a pneumotachometer. Five subjects without pulmonary diseases were enrolled. Tracheal sounds were acquired using a contact piezoelectric sensor placed on the subject's throat and analyzed using a combined investigation of the sound envelope and frequency content. The capnograph and pneumotachometer were coupled to a face mask worn by the subjects. There was a strong linear correlation (r2= 0.98) between the acoustic method and the pneumotachometer and also between the capnograph and the pneumotachometer (r2 = 0.98). The SEE obtained by the acoustic method was 1.11 and the SEE obtained by the capnograph was 1.23. As a conclusion, the accuracy of the respiratory rate estimated from tracheal sounds on adult subjects was comparable to the accuracy of a commercial capnograph, using as a common reference a pneumotachometer.