gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ligands of CXC Chemokine Receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, Are Natural Antagonists for CCR3 (2001)

Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes express a different repertoire of chemokine receptors (CCRs). CXCR3, the receptor for I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell alpha-chemoattractant), Mig (monokine induced by gamma-interferon), and IP10 (interferon-inducible protein 10), is expressed preferentially on Th1 cells, whereas CCR3, the receptor for eotaxin and several other CC chemokines, is characteristic of Th2 cells. While studying responses that are mediated by these two receptors, we found that the agonists for CXCR3 act as antagonists for CCR3. I-TAC, Mig, and IP10 compete for the binding of eotaxin to CCR3-bearing cells and inhibit migration and Ca(2+) changes induced in such cells by stimulation with eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-2 (monocyte chemottractant protein-2), MCP-3, MCP-4, and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted). A hybrid chemokine generated by substituting the first eight NH(2)-terminal residues of eotaxin with those of I-TAC bound CCR3 with higher affinity than eotaxin or I-TAC (3- and 10-fold, respectively). The hybrid was 5-fold more potent than I-TAC as an inhibitor of eotaxin activity and was effective at concentrations as low as 5 nm. None of the antagonists described induced the internalization of CCR3, indicating that they lack agonistic effects and thus qualify as pure antagonists. These results suggest that chemokines that attract Th1 cells via CXCR3 can concomitantly block the migration of Th2 cells in response to CCR3 ligands, thus enhancing the polarization of T cell recruitment.
Nowcasting Turkish GDP and News Decomposition (2016)

Real gross domestic product (GDP) data in Turkey are released with a very long delay compared with other economies, between 10 and 13 weeks after the end of the reference quarter. To infer the current state of the economy, policy makers, media, and market practitioners examine data that are more timely, that are released at higher frequencies than the GDP. In this paper, we propose an econometric model that automatically allows us to read through these more current and higher-frequency data and translate them into nowcasts for the Turkish real GDP. Our model outperforms nowcasts produced by the Central Bank of Turkey, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Moreover, our model allows us to quantify the importance of each variable in our dataset in nowcasting Turkish real GDP. In line with findings for other economies, we find that real variables play the most important role; however, contrary to the findings for other economies, we find that financial variables are as important as surveys.
Advances In The Synthesis Of Glycerides Of Fatty Acids (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdvances In The Synthesis Of Glycerides Of Fatty AcidsL. HartmanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1958, 58, 5, 845–867Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50023a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views438Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Exploring new instrumentation parameters for electrochemotherapy. Attacking tumors with bursts of biphasic pulses instead of single pulses (1999)

Electrochemotherapy using rectangular biphasic stimuli and bursts of stimuli, as compared to using monophasic pulses obtained by capacitor discharge, are at least of the same efficacy. The use of small surface electrodes in dermatological treatment yields electrode-skin impedances in the range of 200-400 ohms, with the impedances being almost entirely resistive. Therefore, generator output resistances can be in the range of 10 to 20 ohms. The use of a single burst of 50+50 μsec biphasic pulses, with an overall duration of about 7 msec, is well tolerated by the patients, causing just one short stimulus sensation instead of a succession of eight stimuli. The treatment results with the above-described instrumentation are comparable to those reported in the literature. Further studies are necessary in order to better understand the process of electropermeabilization in vivo, so as to determine optimal pulse duration, frequency, and waveform, and to eventually lower field intensity.
Coordination-Directed Self-Assembly of M12L24 Nanocage: Effects of Kinetic Trapping on the Assembly Process (2014)

We demonstrate the spontaneous formation of spherical complex M12L24, which is composed of 12 palladium ions and 24 bidentate ligands, by molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to our previous study on the smaller M6L8 cage, we found that the larger M12L24 self-assembly process involves noticeable kinetic trapping at lower nuclearity complexes, e.g., M6L12, M8L16, and M9L18. We also found that the kinetic trapping behaviors sensitively depend on the bend angle of ligands and the metal-ligand binding strength. Our results show that these kinetic effects, that have generally been neglected, are important factor in self-assembly structure determination of larger complexes as M12L24 in this study.
Jet lag: current and potential therapies. (2011)

Jet lag, also known as circadian desynchrony, is a sleep disorder in which there is a mismatch with the body’s natural circadian rhythm and the external environment as a result of rapid travel across multiple time zones. This common problem affects all age groups but may have more pronounced effects on the elderly, whose recovery rate is more prolonged than that in young adults.1

A multitude of factors, such as the number of time zones crossed and the direction and timing of flights, play a role in the severity of symptoms experienced by travelers. Individual variability accounts for the ability to adapt to a new time zone and the duration of the symptomatic period. Travelers usually experience symptoms after air travel across at least two time zones. Symptoms may include disturbed sleep, daytime fatigue, decreased ability to perform mental and physical tasks, reduced alertness, and headaches. Sleep disturbances typically last for a few days, but they can persist for as long as one week if the change in time zones is greater than eight hours. Eastward travel is associated with a longer duration of jet lag than westward travel. Although frequent desynchrony is a transient disorder, it carries the potential to lead to long-term consequences, as evidenced by epidemiological and animal studies.2,3 Sequelae have included cognitive deficits, gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, and an increased risk of cancer, infertility, and heart disease. As the body’s internal circadian “clock” adapts to the new time zone, jet lag diminishes.

Strategies to minimize the effects of jet lag include adjusting the sleep schedule according to the new location during the days preceding the trip. This approach may be helpful for travel that lasts for more than a week, but it does not appear useful for short-term trips. Both alcohol and caffeine can adversely affect quality of sleep when they are consumed a few hours before bedtime; caffeine intake should be planned to enhance daytime alertness. When passengers are traveling, they are advised to avoid alcohol, especially while they are being treated for jet lag.

Treatment may include non-pharmacological therapy alone or non-pharmacological therapy combined with nutraceuticals or pharmacological therapy. A non-pharmacological approach, including adequate exercise, hydration, and appropriate timing of exposure to bright light, can aid in the adjustment to a new time zone. Nutraceuticals and pharmacological therapies include melatonin, melatonin receptor analogues (agonists), non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents, caffeine, diphenhydramine (e.g., Benadryl, McNeil; Aler-Dryl, Reese), and armodafinil (Nuvigil, Cephalon).

A review of treatments and potential strategies follows.
Structural and functional evidence for microglial expression of C1qRP, the C1q receptor that enhances phagocytosis (2000)

Abstract Microglial activation has been associated with several degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). One consequence of activation is the induction of a more efficient phagocytic response, and it is therefore important to determine what factors regulate microglial phagocytosis and whether this capacity influences the progression of neurodegenerative changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that complement component C1q enhances Fc receptor- and CR1-mediated phagocytosis in cells of the myeloid lineage via a cell surface receptor, C1qRP. Because C1q has been found in the area of lesions in several degenerative CNS diseases, the current investigations were carried out to characterize the effects of C1q on microglial phagocytosis. Neonatal rat microglia were shown to express C1qRP as assessed by flow cytometry and immuno-cytochemistry. Interaction of these cells with substrate-bound C1q was shown to enhance both FcR-and CR1-mediated phagocytosis two- to fourfold. In addition, introduction of an antibody raised against the carboxy-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of C1qRP into microglia by electroporation markedly diminished the ability of C1q to enhance uptake of IgG-coated targets, whereas nonspecific IgG had no such effect. These results suggest that C1q in areas of active degeneration may promote the phagocytic capacity of microglia via interaction with microglial C1qRP. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 109–116; 2000.
Sentiment analysis in multiple languages (2008)

The Internet is frequently used as a medium for exchange of information and opinions, as well as propaganda dissemination. In this study the use of sentiment analysis methodologies is proposed for classification of Web forum opinions in multiple languages. The utility of stylistic and syntactic features is evaluated for sentiment classification of English and Arabic content. Specific feature extraction components are integrated to account for the linguistic characteristics of Arabic. The entropy weighted genetic algorithm (EWGA) is also developed, which is a hybridized genetic algorithm that incorporates the information-gain heuristic for feature selection. EWGA is designed to improve performance and get a better assessment of key features. The proposed features and techniques are evaluated on a benchmark movie review dataset and U.S. and Middle Eastern Web forum postings. The experimental results using EWGA with SVM indicate high performance levels, with accuracies of over 91% on the benchmark dataset as well as the U.S. and Middle Eastern forums. Stylistic features significantly enhanced performance across all testbeds while EWGA also outperformed other feature selection methods, indicating the utility of these features and techniques for document-level classification of sentiments.
Dopaminergic effects on encoding of a motor memory in chronic stroke (2005)

The effects of a single oral dose of levodopa administered in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design on formation of a motor memory were studied by a training protocol in patients with chronic stroke. Levodopa enhanced the ability of motor training to encode an elementary motor memory relative to placebo. Up-regulation of dopaminergic function may enhance motor memory formation, crucial for successful rehabilitative treatments in patients with chronic stroke.
DNA inverted repeats and human disease (1998)

Inverted repeats are important elements in the human genome. Because of their nature, inverted repeats can engage in intra- and intermolecular basepairing. The ability to adopt hairpin and cruciform secondary structures is associated with frameshift mutations. These sequences also can be utilized by the polymerase allowing both intra- and interstrand switching events. Such mechanisms can involve imperfect inverted repeats and lead to additional mutations. Several human genetic diseases illustrate inverted repeat mediated mutagenesis.
STAM2, a new member of the STAM family, binding to the Janus kinases (2000)

We here cloned a cDNA encoding STAM2, a new member of the STAM family, which contains an SH3 domain and ITAM. STAM2 like STAM1 is associated with Jak2 and Jak3, and involved in the signaling for DNA synthesis and c-myc induction mediated by IL-2 and GM-CSF. Co-expression of the SH3 deletion mutants of STAM1 and STAM2 induces an additive effect on suppressing DNA synthesis upon stimulation with IL-2 and GM-CSF, suggesting that STAM1 and STAM2 exhibit compensatory effects on the signaling pathways downstream of Jak2 and Jak3 upon stimulation with GM-SCF and IL-2, respectively.
Colorectal Cancer Screening for Average-Risk North Americans: An Economic Evaluation (2010)

CRC screening with FIT reduces the risk of CRC and CRC-related deaths, and lowers health care costs in comparison to no screening and to other existing screening strategies. Health policy decision makers should consider prioritizing funding for CRC screening using FIT.
Monitoring of relative mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells by fluorescence microscopy. (1981)

Permeant cationic fluorescent probes are shown to be selectively accumulated by the mitochondria of living cells. Mitochondria-specific interaction of such molecules is apparently dependent on the high trans-membrane potential (inside negative) maintained by functional mitochondria. Dissipation of the mitochondrial trans-membrane and potential by ionophores or inhibitors of electron transport eliminates the selective mitochondrial association of these compounds. The application of such potential-dependent probes in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy allows the monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential in individual living cells. Marked elevations in mitochondria-associated probe fluorescence have been observed in cells engaged in active movement. This approach to the analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential should be of value in future investigations of the control of energy metabolism and energy requirements of specific biological functions at the cellular level.
The vaccinia virus N1L protein is an intracellular homodimer that promotes virulence (2002)

The vaccinia virus (VV) N1L gene encodes a protein of 14 kDa that was identified previously in the concentrated supernatant of virus-infected cells. Here we show that the protein is present predominantly (>90%) within cells rather than in the culture supernatant and it exists as a non-glycosylated, non-covalent homodimer. The N1L protein present in the culture supernatant was uncleaved at the N terminus and was released from cells more slowly than the VV A41L gene product, a secreted glycoprotein that has a conventional signal peptide. Bioinformatic analyses predict that the N1L protein is largely alpha-helical and show that it is conserved in many VV strains, in other orthopoxviruses and in members of other chordopoxvirus genera. However, database searches found no non-poxvirus proteins with significant amino acid similarity to N1L. A deletion mutant lacking the N1L gene replicated normally in cell culture, but was attenuated in intranasal and intradermal murine models compared to wild-type and revertant controls. The conservation of the N1L protein and the attenuated phenotype of the deletion mutant indicate an important role in the virus life-cycle.
A helper factor needed for the generation of mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes is made by tumor cell lines, cloned T cells, and spleen cells exposed to a variety of stimuli. (1984)

A helper factor termed cytolytic T lymphocyte helper factor (CHF) that is needed for the generation of allospecific mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro was produced by mouse spleen cells 3 to 4 days after the time when interleukin 2 (IL 2) had reached its maximal production. These kinetics were observed by stimulation of immune spleen cells with allogeneic tumor or spleen cells, with Sendai or influenza viral peptides, with virus infected cells, or with concanavalin A (Con A). CHF produced by rat spleen cells was able to help in the generation of mouse CTL, indicating that this cytokine was not restricted genetically. CHF could also be made by WEHI-3 and EL4 cell lines, as well as cloned cytolytic and helper T cells. The production of CHF by WEHI-3 cells argues that CHF is not IL 2. In addition, if CHF was not present early in the in vitro stimulation no CTL were generated, suggesting that CHF participated in the activation of CTL precursors. The addition of IL 2-containing conditioned medium to the CHF assay resulted in no substantial CTL generation, although significant cellular proliferation was observed. In contrast, CHF-containing conditioned medium allowed the generation of CTL in the absence of the same level of proliferation.
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Hospitalized Children with Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters: Extending Risk Analyses Outside the Intensive Care Unit (2011)

Prolonged catheter dwell time, pediatric ICU exposure, and administration of parenteral nutrition as the indication for PICC insertion are important predictors of PICC-associated CLABSI in hospitalized children. A careful assessment of these risk factors may be important for future success in preventing CLABSIs in hospitalized children with PICCs.
Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression (2008)

The neural networks that putatively modulate aspects of normal emotional behavior have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by converging evidence from neuroimaging, neuropathological and lesion analysis studies. These networks involve the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and closely related areas in the medial and caudolateral orbital cortex (medial prefrontal network), amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial parts of the basal ganglia, where alterations in grey matter volume and neurophysiological activity are found in cases with recurrent depressive episodes. Such findings hold major implications for models of the neurocircuits that underlie depression. In particular evidence from lesion analysis studies suggests that the MPFC and related limbic and striato-pallido-thalamic structures organize emotional expression. The MPFC is part of a larger "default system" of cortical areas that include the dorsal PFC, mid- and posterior cingulate cortex, anterior temporal cortex, and entorhinal and parahippocampal cortex, which has been implicated in self-referential functions. Dysfunction within and between structures in this circuit may induce disturbances in emotional behavior and other cognitive aspects of depressive syndromes in humans. Further, because the MPFC and related limbic structures provide forebrain modulation over visceral control structures in the hypothalamus and brainstem, their dysfunction can account for the disturbances in autonomic regulation and neuroendocrine responses that are associated with mood disorders. This paper discusses these systems together with the neurochemical systems that impinge on them and form the basis for most pharmacological therapies.
Ultrahigh Density Logic Designs Using Monolithic 3-D Integration (2013)

The nano-scale 3-D interconnects available in monolithic 3-D integrated circuit (IC) technology enable ultrahigh density device integration at the individual transistor level. In this paper, we investigate the benefits and challenges of monolithic 3-D integration technology for ultrahigh density logic designs. We first build a 3-D standard cell library for transistor-level monolithic 3-D ICs and model their timing and power characteristics. Then, we explore various interconnect options for monolithic 3-D ICs that improve design quality. Next, we build timing-closed, full-chip GDSII layouts and perform sign-off iso-performance power comparisons with 2-D IC designs. Based on layout simulations, we compare important design metrics such as area, wirelength, timing, and power consumption of transistor-level monolithic 3-D designs with traditional 2-D, gate-level monolithic 3-D, and TSV-based 3-D designs.
Effect of nifedipine on rectoanal motility (1996)

Nifedipine reduces the activity of the internal anal sphincter both in controls and patients with high anal resting pressure. The drug might be of some use in relieving symptoms in patients with hemorrhoids or anal fissure.
Modeling Haplotype-Haplotype Interactions in Case-Control Genetic Association Studies (2012)

Haplotype analysis has been increasingly used to study the genetic basis of human diseases, but models for characterizing genetic interactions between haplotypes from different chromosomal regions have not been well developed in the current literature. In this article, we describe a statistical model for testing haplotype-haplotype interactions for human diseases with a case-control genetic association design. The model is formulated on a contingency table in which cases and controls are typed for the same set of molecular markers. By integrating well-established quantitative genetic principles, the model is equipped with a capacity to characterize physiologically meaningful epistasis arising from interactions between haplotypes from different chromosomal regions. The model allows the partition of epistasis into different components due to additive × additive, additive × dominance, dominance × additive, and dominance × dominance interactions. We derive the EM algorithm to estimate and test the effects of each of these components on differences in the pattern of genetic variation between cases and controls and, therefore, examine their role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The method was further extended to investigate gene-environment interactions expressed at the haplotype level. The statistical properties of the models were investigated through simulation studies and its usefulness and utilization validated by analyzing the genetic association of sarcoidosis from a human genetics project.
Control of microfluidic systems: two examples, results, and challenges (2005)

Abstract This paper describes results and challenges in feedback control of microfluidic systems. Results are provided for two representative examples: control of liquid droplets by electrically actuated surface tension forces and steering of many particles at once by micro flow control. Common themes and challenges are outlined based on the authors' research programs and on the results of the March 2004 NSF workshop on ‘Control and System Integration of Micro‐ and Nano‐Scale Systems’ organized by the author. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.