gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD40−Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor (TRAF) Interactions:  Regulation of CD40 Signaling through Multiple TRAF Binding Sites and TRAF Hetero-Oligomerization (1998)

CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily member that provides activation signals in antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Multimerization of CD40 by its ligand initiates signaling by recruiting TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) to the CD40 cytoplasmic domain. Recombinant human TRAF proteins overexpressed in insect cells were biochemically characterized and used to finely map TRAF binding regions in the human CD40 cytoplasmic domain. TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, and TRAF6, but not TRAF4 or TRAF5, bound directly to the CD40 cytoplasmic domain. CD40 interactions with TRAF2 and TRAF3 were stronger than the interactions with TRAF1 and TRAF6. Full-length TRAF3 and TRAF5 formed hetero-oligomers, presumably through their predicted isoleucine zippers. TRAF3-TRAF5 hetero-oligomers interacted with CD40, indicating that TRAF5 can be indirectly recruited to the CD40 cytoplasmic domain. Overlapping peptides synthesized on cellulose membranes were used to map each TRAF interaction region. TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 interacted with the same region. The recognition site for TRAF6 was a nonoverlapping membrane proximal region. Using peptides with progressive deletions, a minimal TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 binding region was mapped to the PVQET sequence in the CD40 cytoplasmic domain. The minimal region for TRAF6 binding was the sequence QEPQEINF. These studies demonstrate that the CD40 cytoplasmic domain contains two nonoverlapping TRAF binding regions and suggest that TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 could bind competitively to one site. Relative affinities and competition of individual and hetero-oligomeric TRAF proteins for CD40 binding sites may contribute to receptor specificity and cell-type selectivity in CD40-dependent signaling.
Correction: Principal Semantic Components of Language and the Measurement of Meaning (2010)

Metric systems for semantics, or semantic cognitive maps, are allocations of words or other representations in a metric space based on their meaning. Existing methods for semantic mapping, such as Latent Semantic Analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation, are based on paradigms involving dissimilarity metrics. They typically do not take into account relations of antonymy and yield a large number of domain-specific semantic dimensions. Here, using a novel self-organization approach, we construct a low-dimensional, context-independent semantic map of natural language that represents simultaneously synonymy and antonymy. Emergent semantics of the map principal components are clearly identifiable: the first three correspond to the meanings of ''good/bad'' (valence), ''calm/excited'' (arousal), and ''open/closed'' (freedom), respectively. The semantic map is sufficiently robust to allow the automated extraction of synonyms and antonyms not originally in the dictionaries used to construct the map and to predict connotation from their coordinates. The map geometric characteristics include a limited number (,4) of statistically significant dimensions, a bimodal distribution of the first component, increasing kurtosis of subsequent (unimodal) components, and a U-shaped maximum-spread planar projection. Both the semantic content and the main geometric features of the map are consistent between dictionaries (Microsoft Word and Princeton's WordNet), among Western languages (English, French, German, and Spanish), and with previously established psychometric measures. By defining the semantics of its dimensions, the constructed map provides a foundational metric system for the quantitative analysis of word meaning. Language can be viewed as a cumulative product of human experiences. Therefore, the extracted principal semantic dimensions may be useful to characterize the general semantic dimensions of the content of mental states. This is a fundamental step toward a universal metric system for semantics of human experiences, which is necessary for developing a rigorous science of the mind.
Task driven perceptual organization for extraction of rooftop polygons (2002)

A new method for extracting planar polygonal rooftops in monocular aerial imagery is proposed. Structural features are extracted and hierarchically related using perceptual grouping techniques. Top-down feature verification is used so that features, and links between the features, are verified with local information in the image and weighed in a graph. Cycles in the graph correspond to possible building rooftop hypotheses. Virtual features are hypothesized for the perceptual completion of partially occluded rooftops. Extraction of the "best" grouping features into a building rooftop hypothesis is posed as a graph search problem. The maximally weighted, independent set of cycles in the graph is extracted as the final set of roof boundaries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Poliovirus‐Specific Intestinal Antibody Responses Coincide with Decline of Poliovirus Excretion (2000)

Antibody responses to poliovirus type 3 were studied in fecal samples of 66 children immunized with 3 doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (E-IPV), followed by 1 dose of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV, type 3 Sabin). One fecal sample taken before OPV vaccination and 9 collected thereafter were tested for neutralizing antibodies by a microneutralization assay and for class-specific responses by heavy chain-capture radioimmunoassays. Both neutralizing antibody and IgA responses usually occurred during the second week and coincided with ceasing of virus excretion or a decrease in the excreted virus titer. Half of the vaccinees had received a trypsin-modified E-IPV, but their responses did not differ from those of children immunized with the regular E-IPV. These results are in agreement with the view that an intestinal antibody response, mainly consisting of IgA, may be involved in the ceasing of a primary poliovirus excretion.
Chemical vapor deposition growth of monolayer MoSe2 nanosheets (2014)

The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with controllable thickness is of considerable interest for diverse applications. Here we report the first chemical vapor deposition growth of single- and few-layer MoSe2 nanosheets. By using Se and MoO3 as the chemical vapor supply, we demonstrate that highly crystalline MoSe2 can be directly grown on the 300 nm SiO2/Si substrates to form optically distinguishable single- and multi-layer nanosheets, typically in triangular shaped domains with edge lengths around 30 μm, which can merge into continuous thin films upon further growth. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and imaging was used to probe the thickness-dependent vibrational properties. Photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrates that MoSe2 monolayers exhibit strong near band edge emission at 1.55 eV, while bilayers or multi-layers exhibit much weaker emission, indicating of the transition to a direct band gap semiconductor as the thickness is reduced to a monolayer.
HLA class II signaling mediates cellular activation and programmed cell death. (1996)

The class II human leucocyte antigens (HLA class II) are principally peptide presentation molecules. Signal transduction by these molecules has also been shown to transmit activation signals in both B and T lymphocytes by a pathway including protein tyrosine kinase activation, an intracellular calcium flux, and both the activation and transcriptional regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Apoptosis can also result from human leukocyte antigen class II stimulation. Inhibitors of gene transcription were used to inhibit activation and, therefore, to distinguish the signal transduction pathways important for apoptosis. This approach provided evidence that cellular activation and apoptosis undertook separate signaling pathways, and that PKC and intracellular calcium were shared between the two pathways, while tyrosine kinase activity was essential for cell activation. Further studies using cord blood B cells showed that these cells were incapable of generating a calcium flux after HLA class II ligation and were not subject to cell death. The importance of sustained levels of calcium for programmed cell death (PCD) was underlined since the restoration of a calcium flux enabled PCD of cord blood B cells via HLA class II. These results demonstrate that HLA class II stimulation initiates two distinct signal transduction pathways.
IL12/23 p40 Inhibition Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuropathology and Spatial Memory in SAMP8 Mice (2013)

Progressively increased proinflammatory status is a major characteristic of the aging process and associated with age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD). However, the regulation and role of common proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23, in the aged brain are still unclear. Using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) model, we screened the cerebral expression of IL-12/23 in 3-, 7-, and 11-month-old mice and observed that their levels in the brain were upregulated during aging. To further examine whether the heightened activation of inflammatory cytokines may contribute to age-related brain dysfunction, we employed direct in vivo infusion of nonviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down the common IL-12/23 signaling subunit p40 in the brain. We found that these p40-deficient mice had significantly decreased cerebral amyloid-β levels, reduced synaptic and neuronal loss, and reversed cognitive impairments. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of a neutralizing p40-specific antibody likewise ameliorated AD-associated pathology and cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice. Thus, our data indicate that the upregulated cerebral IL-12/23 during aging is involved in age-associated brain dysfunction and point to the modulation of IL-12/23 signaling molecule p40 as a promising strategy for the development of an AD therapy.
Physicochemical Characterization of the Androgen Receptor in Rat Uterine Cytosol* (1983)

In this manuscript a number of physicochemical and DNA-binding properties of the androgen receptor from rat uterus were characterized. The dissociation of [3H]testosterone from the receptor followed first order kinetics, with a half-time dissociation rate of approximately 48 h at 0 C. Maximum binding was maintained at pH 7. Ammonium sulfate precipitated the receptor at concentrations between 25-40% saturation. Gel filtration and sucrose gradient analysis revealed a 62 A, 6S binding component (mol wt, 167,000; frictional ratio, 1.71) in both the absence and presence of the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point of 5.9. The receptor bound to DEAE-agarose, heparin-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite. Increased receptor binding to phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose was observed after heat treatment at 24 C for 30 min. These results demonstrate that the uterine androgen receptor has many properties similar to those of androgen receptors in male target tissues.
Nitrogen-15-labeled deoxynucleosides. 3. Synthesis of [3-15N]-2'-deoxyadenosine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen-15-labeled deoxynucleosides. 3. Synthesis of [3-15N]-2'-deoxyadenosineYoung Sook Rhee and Roger A. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 22, 8174–8175Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00178a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00178a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
6.5 25.3&#x03BC;W at 60fps 240&#x00D7;160-pixel vision sensor for motion capturing with in-pixel non-volatile analog memory using crystalline oxide semiconductor FET (2015)

A vision sensor used to capture motion must operate with very low power when used in sensor networks where power is very limited. Frame-based [1] and event-driven [2,3] vision sensors have been reported. The former captures motion from the difference between captured data of a previous frame and that of a current frame; thus, it is difficult to capture motion of a slowly moving object. An event-driven sensor captures motion of a slowly moving object; however, its pixel configuration is complicated, and it is difficult to perform both motion capturing and image capturing. In this paper, we report a vision sensor for motion capturing having in-pixel non-volatile analog memory utilizing a c-axis aligned crystalline In-Ga-Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO), a crystalline oxide semiconductor based FET that demonstrates very low off-state current [4] and retains captured data of a given reference frame. Although an electronic global shutter image sensor with improved floating diffusion (FD) charge retention characteristics is reported in [5], our vision sensor realizes normal global shutter and motion capturing depending on the presence or absence of differences with respect to a given reference frame in each pixel. The sensor has 3 modes: an imaging mode to output captured data in pixels, a motion-capturing mode to process differential data using an analog processor, and a standby mode to reduce power after motion capturing for each frame. Power consumption is reduced by operating only circuit blocks needed for each mode. The sensor (240×160 pixels), fabricated by a 0.5μm CAAC-IGZO FET/0.18μm p-channel Si FET (no n-channel Si FET) hybrid process shows power consumption of 25.3μW and 1.88μW at 60fps in the motion-capturing and standby modes, respectively, which equal 1/140 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> and 1/2000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> of the power consumption of the imaging mode.
The (pro)renin receptor: therapeutic consequences (2006)

It is generally assumed that the beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system blockers in cardiovascular disease are due to blockade of the generation or action of angiotensin at tissue sites. Such generation depends on the uptake of renin and/or its inactive precursor prorenin from the circulation. Recently, a (pro)renin receptor has been cloned that might perform this task. Unexpectedly, this receptor also induced angiotensin-independent effects, suggesting that renin and/or prorenin may act as agonists for this receptor. Ultimately, this could lead to the development of (pro)renin receptor blockers (i.e., drugs that not only prevent tissue angiotensin generation but also inhibit renin- or prorenin-induced effects).
Epigenetic regulation of the non‐canonical Wnt pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (2009)

Wnt5a is a member of the Wnt family of proteins that signals through the non-canonical Wnt/Ca(2+)pathway to suppress cyclin D1. Deregulation of this pathway has been found in animal models suggesting that it acts as tumour suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although DNA methylation is the main mechanism of regulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in AML, the role of WNT5A abnormalities has never been evaluated in this clinical setting. The methylation status of WNT5A promoter-exon 1 was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR and sequencing in eleven AML-derived cell lines and 252 AML patients. We observed WNT5A hypermethylation in seven cell lines and in 43% (107/252) of AML patients. WNT5A methylation was associated with decreased WNT5A expression (P < 0.001) that was restored after exposure to 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Moreover, WNT5A hypermethylation correlated with upregulation of CYCLIN D1 expression (P < 0.001). Relapse (15%vs 37%, P < 0.001) and mortality (61%vs 79%, P = 0.004) rates were lower for patients in the non-methylated group. Disease-free survival and overall survival at 6 and 7 years, respectively, were 60% and 27% for unmethylated patients and 20% and 0% for hypermethylated patients (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Interestingly, significant differences were also observed when the analysis was carried out according to cytogenetic risk groups. We demonstrate that WNT5A, a putative tumor suppressor gene in AML, is silenced by methylation in this disease and that this epigenetic event is associated with upregulation of CYCLIN D1 expression and confers poor prognosis in patients with AML.
Direct sequencing of PCR products derived from cDNAs for the proα1 and proα2 chains of type I procollagen as a screening method to detect mutations in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (1996)

More than 150 mutations in the genes for type I procollagen have been found in unrelated patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), but mutations have been difficult to define in many patients with the mildest forms of the disease. Here, we have used robotically automated sequencing of the cDNAs for type I procollagen to screen for mutations in 12 patients suspected of having nonlethal OI (types I, III, and IV). Single base mutations that changed codons for obligate glycine residues were found in seven of the patients. Altogether, we analyzed 4,379 bp of sequences of both alleles of the proα1(I) collagen (8,758 bp of allelic sequences) and 4,200 bp of sequences of both alleles of the proα2(I) collagen (8,400 bp of allelic) from each patient. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multiscale Stick-Slip Dynamics of Adhesive Tape Peeling (2015)

Using a high-speed camera, we follow the propagation of the detachment front during the peeling of an adhesive tape from a flat surface. In a given range of peeling velocity, this front displays a multiscale unstable dynamics, entangling two well-separated spatiotemporal scales, which correspond to microscopic and macroscopic dynamical stick-slip instabilities. While the periodic release of the stretch energy of the whole peeled ribbon drives the classical macro-stick-slip, we show that the micro-stick-slip, due to the regular propagation of transverse dynamic fractures discovered by Thoroddsen et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82, 046107 (2010)], is related to a high-frequency periodic release of the elastic bending energy of the adhesive ribbon concentrated in the vicinity of the peeling front.
[Nuclear cardiology study on effective ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus in treating heart failure]. (1995)

Effective ingredient of AM, XGA injection is efficient positive inotropic drug, and could improve the left ventricular modelling and ejection function in patients with congestive heart failure after continuous administration of XGA injection for two weeks.
Anti-BR3 antibodies: a new class of B-cell immunotherapy combining cellular depletion and survival blockade (2007)

Removal of pathogenic B lymphocytes by depletion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or deprivation of B-cell survival factors has demonstrated clinical benefit in both oncologic and immunologic diseases. Partial clinical responses and emerging data demonstrating incomplete B-cell depletion after immunotherapy fuels the need for improved therapeutic modalities. Lessons from the first generation of therapeutics directed against B-cell-specific antigens (CD20, CD22) are being applied to develop novel antibodies with additional functional attributes. We describe the generation of a novel class of B-cell-directed therapy (anti-BR3 mAbs) that combines the depleting capacity of a therapeutic mAb and blockade of B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)-BR3 B-cell survival. In mice, treatment with antagonistic anti-BR3 antibodies results in quantitatively greater reduction in some B-cell subsets and qualitatively different effects on bone marrow plasma cells compared with BR3-Fc BAFF blockade or with anti-CD20 treatment. Comparative analysis of BR3-Fc and anti-BR3 mAb reveals a lower B-cell dependence for BAFF-mediated survival in nonhuman primates than in mice. This novel class of B-cell-targeted therapies shows species characteristics in mice and primates that will guide translation to treatment of human disease.
Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2 (2003)

Oral estrogen administration attenuates the metabolic action of growth hormone (GH) in humans. To investigate the mechanism involved, we studied the effects of estrogen on GH signaling through Janus kinase (JAK)2 and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in HEK293 cells stably expressing the GH receptor (293GHR), HuH7 (hepatoma) and T-47D (breast cancer) cells. 293GHR cells were transiently transfected with an estrogen receptor-alpha expression plasmid and luciferase reporters with binding elements for STAT3 and STAT5 or the beta-casein promoter. GH stimulated the reporter activities by four- to sixfold. Cotreatment with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the response of all three reporters to GH to a maximum of 49-66% of control at 100 nM (P < 0.05). No reduction was seen when E(2) was added 1-2 h after GH treatment. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in HuH7 and T-47D cells. E(2) suppressed GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect attenuated by actinomycin D, suggesting a requirement for gene expression. Next, we investigated the role of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in E(2) inhibition. E(2) increased the mRNA abundance of SOCS-2 but not SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in HEK293 cells. The inhibitory effect of E(2) was absent in cells lacking SOCS-2 but not in those lacking SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. In conclusion, estrogen inhibits GH signaling, an action mediated by SOCS-2. This paper provides evidence for regulatory interaction between a sex steroid and the GHJAKSTAT pathway, in which SOCS-2 plays a central mechanistic role.
Photoluminescence in laser ablated nanostructured indium oxide thin films (2011)

Nanocrystalline indium oxide films have been deposited using pulsed laser ablation technique at different substrate temperatures and the films are post annealed at different temperatures. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films are investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, UV-Visible spectra, photoluminescence spectra and electrical conductivity measurements. X-ray diffractograms of the as-deposited and post-annealed films A to C show that films are amorphous at lower substrate temperatures and transform to mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases. The grain size determination based on Debye Scherrer’s formula shows that the average grain size of the crystallites in the films…