gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Naltrexone and 6 -Naltrexol in Human, Rat, and Rabbit Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Application to the Pharmacokinetics of Depotrex(R) in Rabbits (2007)

To improve the analysis of naltrexone and its primary metabolite 6beta-naltrexol, a sensitive and specific method for the analysis of subnanogram-per-milliliter concentrations of these analytes in human, rat, and rabbit plasma was developed utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Plasma samples were extracted utilizing a liquid-liquid extraction technique. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an isocratic solvent system consisting of dilute formic acid and methanol pumped through an ODS-AQ HPLC column. ESI-MS-MS was in the positive ion mode followed by collision-induced dissociation of the protonated molecular ions for naltrexone, 6beta-naltrexol, and their deuterated analogues. This method was validated using Good Laboratory Practice approved methods and was compared to an existing gas chromatography (GC)-MS method by analyzing plasma samples collected from a clinical study. Specificity determined from comparing blank plasma fortified with internal standard to samples fortified with internal standard and analyte at the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) from six different human, rat, and rabbit sources demonstrated sufficient signal-to-noise to set the LLOQ at 0.1 ng/mL. This assay has a quantitative range of 0.1-100 ng/mL. The inter- (human only) and intra-assay precision and accuracy in plasma varied by less than 13, 11, and 16% at the LLOQ for both analytes and by less than 10, 10, and 9% at higher concentrations for human, rat, and rabbit plasma, respectively. No loss of analyte was observed after 24 h of room temperature storage in human, rat, and rabbit plasma or three cycles of freezing and thawing of human plasma prior to extraction. Human samples that had been extracted were stable for at least five days when stored frozen at -20 degrees C or for at least two days when stored at room temperature on an autosampler. The GC-MS and LC-MS-MS methods correlated in the measured plasma concentrations of both naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol. This method has been validated and subsequently used in the determination of the pharmacokinetics of Depotrex in rabbits. In rabbits, the parent compound shows dose-dependent pharmacokinetics as seen in humans, but rabbits have much lower unconjugated metabolite, 6beta-naltrexol, than that seen in humans.
Properties of Low Order Transverse Modes in Argon Ion Lasers (1969)

A study has been conducted to determine the trade-offs among beam divergence, output power, and mirror alignment tolerances of high power argon ion lasers operating in various low order transverse modes. The radial intensity distribution and angular divergence of the actual laser modes from the active cavity have been measured and are compared with the theoretical passive cavity modes. The intensity distributions of higher order laser modes are found to differ markedly from those predicted by theory. The differences consist primarily of enhancement of the intensity of the off-axis peaks relative to that of the center peaks. These differences are caused by the relative high small-signal gain and the saturable gain characteristics of the medium. The beam divergence in free space of different transverse modes agrees very closely with that predicted for the passive cavity modes. The three lowest order transverse modes (i.e., TEM(00), TEM(01*), and TEM(10)) diverge at 1.1, 2.4, and 3.6 times the rate of a diffraction limited gaussian beam having the same diameter at the 1/e(2) intensity points. The mirror alignment tolerances associated with different transverse modes have been measured for both double concave and plano concave cavity configurations using a wide variety of spherical mirrors. For a given cavity configuration, as the order of the transverse mode increases, the alignment requirements become progressively less stringent. In accordance with theory, the alignment tolerances are found to be less severe for double concave cavities than for plano concave cavities. For a given cavity configuration, higher order transverse modes have a larger beam diameter and consequently couple to a larger volume of the laser medium. Therefore, a greater power output may be obtained in a given length by using a higher order transverse mode. Data on the relative power available in different transverse modes as a function of cavity configuration are given. A knowledge of the trade-offs among beam divergence, cavity stability, and power output for different transverse modes allows the optimum transverse mode and cavity configuration for a given laser application to be selected.
The Excitonic Exchange Splitting and Radiative Lifetime in PbSe Quantum Dots (2007)

An exciton evolving from an m-fold degenerate hole level and an n-fold degenerate electron level has a nominal m × n degeneracy, which is often removed by electron−hole interactions. In PbSe quantum dots, the degeneracy of the lowest-energy exciton is m × n = 64 because both the valence-band maximum and the conduction-band minimum originate from the 4-fold degenerate (8-fold including spin) L valleys in the Brillouin zone of bulk PbSe. Using a many-particle configuration-interaction approach based on atomistic single-particle wave functions, we have computed the fine structure of the lowest-energy excitonic manifold of two nearly spherical PbSe quantum dots of radius R = 15.3 and 30.6 Å. We identify two main energy splittings, both of which are accessible to experimental probe: (i) The intervalley splitting δ is the energy difference between the two near-edge peaks of the absorption spectrum. We find δ = 80 meV for R = 15.3 Å and δ = 18 meV for R = 30.6 Å. (ii) The exchange splitting Δx is the energy difference between the lowest-energy optically dark exciton state and the first optically bright exciton state. We find that Δx ranges between 17 meV for R = 15.3 Å, and 2 meV for R = 30.6 Å. We also find that the room-temperature radiative lifetime is τR ∼ 100 ns, considerably longer than the ∼10 ns radiative lifetime of CdSe dots, in quantitative agreement with experiment.
Isolation of a human prostate carcinoma cell line (DU 145) (1978)

A long-term tissue culture cell line has been derived from a human prostate adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain. The cell line, DU 145, has been passaged 90 times in vitro over a period of 2 years. The cells are epithelial, grow in isolated islands on plastic Petri dishes, and form colonies in soft agar suspension culture. Karyotypic analysis demonstrates an aneuploid human karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 64. Distinctive marker chromosomes (a translocation Y chromosome, metacentric minute chromosomes and three large acrocentic chromosomes) have been identified. Electron microscopy of the original tumor tissue and of the tissue culture cell line show a remarkable similarity in cell organelle structure.
hnRNP K: One protein multiple processes (2004)

Since its original identification as a component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complex, K protein has been found not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and is implicated in chromatin remodeling, transcription, splicing and translation processes. K protein contains multiple modules that, on one hand, bind kinases while, on the other hand, recruit chromatin, transcription, splicing and translation factors. Moreover, the K- protein-mediated interactions are regulated by signaling cascades. These observations are consistent with K protein acting as a docking platform to integrate signaling cascades by facilitating cross-talk between kinases and factors that mediate nucleic-acid-directed processes. Comparison of K across species reveals that it is an essential factor in metazoans, but not in yeast. Although some of the K protein interactions and functions are conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to man, the mammalian protein seems to play a wider role. The greater diversity of mammalian K protein interactions and function may reflect gain of novel docking sites and expansion evolutionary of gene expression networks.
Selective killing of leukemic cells by merocyanine 540-mediated photosensitization. (1984)

In vitro incubation of leukemic bone marrow with the lipophilic fluorescent dye merocyanine 540 and simultaneous exposure to light reduced the concentration of L1210 leukemia cells by about 5 orders of magnitude but spared enough normal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells to allow hematopoietic reconstitution of lethally irradiated syngeneic mice. This simple and rapid procedure may find an application in the purging of tumor cells from autologous bone marrow grafts.
Efficient imaging of crosshole electromagnetic data (2002)

A computationally efficient inversion scheme has been developed using the extended Born or localized nonlinear (LN) approximation to analyze electromagnetic fields obtained in a crosshole environment.The medium is assumed to be cylindrically symmetric about the borehole, and to maintain the symmetry a vertical magnetic dipole is used as a source.The efficiency and robustness of an inversion scheme is very much dependent on the proper use of Lagrange multiplier, which is often provided manually to achieve a desired convergence.We have developed an automatic Lagrange multiplier selection scheme, which enhances the utility of the inversion scheme in handling field data.In this selection scheme, the integral equation (IE) method is quite attractive in speed because Green's functions, the most time consuming part in IE methods, are repeatedly re-usable throughout the selection procedure.The inversion scheme using the LN approximation has been tested to show its stability and efficiency using synthetic and field data.
Electron-transfer reactions in organic chemistry. 4. A mechanistic study of the oxidation of p-methoxytoluene by 12-tungstocobalt(III)ate ion (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer reactions in organic chemistry. 4. A mechanistic study of the oxidation of p-methoxytoluene by 12-tungstocobalt(III)ate ionLennart EbersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 10, 3192–3199Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00348a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00348a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The ubiquitous presence of exopolygalacturonase in maize suggests a fundamental cellular function for this enzyme (1993)

Exopolygalacturonase (exoPG) is a pectin-degrading enzyme abundant in maize pollen. Using immunochemistry and in situ hybridization it is shown that in addition to its presence in pollen, exoPG is also present in sporophytic tissues, such as the tapetum and mesophyll cells. The enzyme is located in the cytoplasm of pollen and of some mesophyll cells. In other mesophyll cells, the tapetum and the pollen tube, exoPG is located in the cell wall. The measurement of enzyme activity shows that exoPG is ubiquitous in the vegetative organs. These results suggest a general function for exoPG in cell wall edification or degradation. ExoPG is encoded by a closely related multigene family. The regulation of the expression of one of the exoPG genes was analyzed in transgenic tobacco. Reporter GUS activity was detected in anthers, seeds and stems but not in leaves or roots of transgenic plants. This strongly suggests that the ubiquitous presence of exoPG in maize is the result of the expression of different exoPG genes.
Glucocorticoid corticosteroids for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2004)

There is evidence from randomised controlled studies that glucocorticoid corticosteroid therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy improves muscle strength and function in the short-term (six months to two years). The most effective prednisolone regime appears to be 0.75 mg/kg/day. In the short term, adverse effects were significantly more common but not clinically severe. Long-term benefits and hazards of glucocorticoid treatment cannot be evaluated from the currently published randomised studies. Non-randomised studies support the conclusions of functional benefits but also indicate clinically significant adverse effects of long-term treatment. These benefits and adverse effects have implications for future research studies and clinical practice.
Large-Scale 6-DOF SLAM With Stereo-in-Hand (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we describe a system that can carry out simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in large indoor and outdoor environments using a stereo pair moving with 6 DOF as the only sensor. Unlike current visual SLAM systems that use either bearing-only monocular information or 3-D stereo information, our system accommodates both monocular and stereo. Textured point features are extracted from the images and stored as 3-D points if seen in both images with sufficient disparity, or stored as inverse depth points otherwise. This allows the system to map both near and far features: the first provide distance and orientation, and the second provide orientation information. Unlike other vision-only SLAM systems, stereo does not suffer from “scale drift” because of unobservability problems, and thus, no other information such as gyroscopes or accelerometers is required in our system. Our SLAM algorithm generates sequences of conditionally independent local maps that can share information related to the camera motion and common features being tracked. The system computes the full map using the novel conditionally independent divide and conquer algorithm, which allows constant time operation most of the time, with linear time updates to compute the full map. To demonstrate the robustness and scalability of our system, we show experimental results in indoor andoutdoor urban environments of 210 m and 140 m loop trajectories, with the stereo camera being carried in hand by a person walking at normal walking speeds of 4--5 km/h. </para>
α‐Adrenergic regulation of human renal function (1996)

Pharmacological and molecular cloning techniques have identified six human subtypes of alpha-adrenoceptors which are designated alpha 1A, alpha 1D, alpha 2A, and alpha 2C. At the protein level human kidney expresses predominantly alpha 2A-adrenoceptors while other alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes or alpha 1-adrenoceptors have not been detected consistently in radioligand binding studies. However, the presynaptic receptors, which inhibit noradrenaline release in the human kidney, appear to belong to the alpha 2C-subtype. Intrarenal infusion of the nonselective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, and of the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, but not of the selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, doxazosin, increase renal blood flow and renin release in hypertensive patients undergoing diagnostic renal angiography. Thus, alpha 2- but not alpha 1-adrenoceptors appear to mediate a tonic renal vasoconstriction and inhibition of renin release. Effects of systemically given alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists are difficult to interpret on a mechanistic level since direct effects in the kidney and indirect effects due to baroreflex activation and peripheral presynaptic and central sympatholytic actions may at least partially offset each other. Moreover, some of these drugs may additionally act independent of alpha-adrenoceptors, for example, via imidazoline recognition sits. The net result in a given subject may depend on the endogenous sympatho-adrenal tone. Thus, for each target population of interest, effects have to be described empirically for each drug.
Determination of an 8-.ANG. interatomic distance in a helical peptide by solid-state NMR spectroscopy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of an 8-.ANG. interatomic distance in a helical peptide by solid-state NMR spectroscopySusan M. Holl, Garland R. Marshall, Denise D. Beusen, Karol Kociolek, Adam S. Redlinski, Miroslaw T. Leplawy, Robert A. McKay, Shimon Vega, and Jacob SchaeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 12, 4830–4833Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00038a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00038a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein Cargo Delivery Properties of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. A Comparative Study (2004)

Application of cell-penetrating peptides for delivering various hydrophilic macromolecules with biological function into cells has gained much attention in recent years. We compared the protein transduction efficiency of four cell-penetrating peptides: penetratin, Tat peptide, transportan, and pVEC and studied the effects of various medium parameters on the uptake. Depletion of cellular energy and lowering of temperature strongly impaired the internalization of protein complexed with cell-penetrating peptides, confirming the endocytotic mechanism of peptide-mediated protein cellular transduction. Peptide-induced protein association with HeLa cells decreased 3-6-fold in energy-depleted cells. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by the hyperosmolar medium decreased the uptake of peptide-avidin complexes 1.5-3-fold and the removal of cholesterol from the plasma membrane 1.2-2-fold, suggesting that both clathrin-dependent and independent endocytosis were involved in peptide-induced cellular delivery of avidin. However, even under conditions of cellular energy depletion, ceasing of cellular traffic, and partial depolarization of plasma membrane, peptide-protein complexes associated with HeLa cells, as observed by FACS analysis and spectrofluorimetry. Among the studied peptides, pTat and transportan revealed higher protein transduction efficiency than penetratin or pVEC.
Rapid and Efficient Identification of Bacteria Using Gold‐Nanoparticle–Poly(para‐phenyleneethynylene) Constructs (2008)

Microbiological intelligence: Simple constructs of hydrophobically functionalized gold nanoarticles and a conjugated polymer (poly(para-phenyleneethynylene, PPE) are able to identify three different strains of E. coli in minutes. The negatively charged bacteria replace the negatively charged conjugated polymers from the positively charged gold nanoparticles (see scheme), differentially restoring the polymer fluorescence. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703369_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of two novel CT antigens and their capacity to elicit antibody response in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (2003)

FATE and TPTE genes were originally reported to be specifically expressed in the adult testis. We searched for the databases of Unigene and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) implying that these two gene transcripts might also be expressed in tumours. Herein, we demonstrated that FATE and TPTE mRNA transcripts were expressed in different histological types of tumours and normal testis. Both are cancer-testis (CT) antigens and renamed as FATE/BJ-HCC-2 and TPTE/BJ-HCC-5, respectively. Comparison at nucleotide sequence, the FATE/BJ-HCC-2 cDNA, was identical to that of FATE, whereas the TPTE/BJ-HCC-5 was found to have two isoforms in both cancers and testis: one was identical in cDNA sequence to TPTE, encoding a protein of 551 amino acids, and the other variant lacked an exon of 54 bp, encoding a protein of 533 amino acids. The mRNA expression was analysed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. FATE/BJ-HCC-2 mRNA was detected in 66% (41 out of 62) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and 21% (three out of 14) in colon cancer samples, whereas the TPTE/BJ-HCC-5 mRNA was detected in 39% (24 out of 62) and 36% (five out of 14) in HCC and non-small lung cancer samples, respectively. The recombinant proteins were prepared and the reactivity of allogenic sera to these two antigens was screened. The frequency of antibody response against FATE/BJ-HCC-2 and TPTE/BJ-HCC-5 proteins was 7.3% (three out of 41) and 25.0% (six out of 24), respectively, in HCC patients bearing respective gene transcripts. Therefore, FATE/BJ-HCC-2 and TPTE/BJ-HCC-5 are the novel CT antigens capable of eliciting antibody response in cancer patients.
Neurodegenerative Diseases and Prions (2001)

The New Eng land Jour nal of Medicine Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is approximately 1 case per 1 million population, 23 but among persons between the ages of 60 and 74 years, the incidence is nearly 5 per 1 million. Cases in patients as young as 17 years and as old as 83 have been recorded. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is relentlessly progressive and usually causes death within a year after its onset. Each geographic cluster of cases of prion disease was initially thought to be a manifestation of viral communicability, 26 but each was later shown to be due to a PRNP gene mutation except for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Identification of Molecular Predictors of Response in a Study of Tipifarnib Treatment in Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2007)

Diagnostic gene expression signatures may be used to select a group of AML patients that might respond to tipifarnib.