gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on bacterial and fungal infections in neutropenic mice. (1988)

The in vivo effects of purified natural human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (h G-CSF) on bacterial and fungal infections were examined in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). Induction of severe neutropenia was prevented by repeated daily injections of h G-CSF at a dose of 2.5 micrograms/day for 4 days after the CPA treatment. Although control mice died shortly after the bacteria inoculation at day 4, most of the mice in whom the numbers of blood neutrophils were restored by h G-CSF injections were saved from death. At the site of the bacteria inoculation in the h G-CSF-treated mice many mature neutrophils were observed to migrate in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, the dose of antibiotics required for elimination of infections was proved to be much less in the h G-CSF treated mice than that in the non-treated mice. These findings indicate that h G-CSF can be used efficiently for prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, particularly in patients with neutropenia.
The LEGO approach for achieving max-min capacity in reciprocal multipoint networks (2001)

Locally enabled, globally optimized (LEGO) wireless networks offer paradigm shifting performance enhancements for wireless networks equipped with multiple antennas. In this paper attention is focused on some convergence aspects of an improved version of the LEGO algorithm. A technique is presented which is guaranteed to converge to a local optimum of a newly formulated network objective function, that minimizes the total network transmit power subject to arbitrary channel capacity constraints. Networks that possess channel reciprocity can efficiently implement the LEGO algorithm using highly localized information, obviating the need for complex network controllers. Moreover the LEGO algorithm can efficiently exploit MIMO channel and network topology diversity to multiply the capacity of the network. A numerical experiment is presented which suggests several orders of magnitude performance improvement over more conventional networks.
Regulated expression of globin chains and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 during erythropoiesis in the developing mouse. (1990)

Erythropoiesis in vertebrates is characterized by sequential changes in erythropoietic site, erythroblast morphology, and hemoglobin synthesis. We have examined the expression of globin chains and the major erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 (previously known as GF-1/NF-E1/Eryf 1) from days 7.5 to 17.5 of mouse development. mRNAs for embryonic (epsilon y2, beta H1, and zeta) and adult (alpha and beta) globin chains were quantitated by RNase protection assays. Switching of globins within the alpha-globin cluster (alpha and zeta) was not strictly coordinated with that within the beta-globin cluster (epsilon y2, beta H1, and beta). Regulation of globin switches during development was primarily transcriptional. Of particular note, we found two developmental switches (beta H1 to epsilon y2 and epsilon y2 to beta) in the mouse, more analogous than previously thought to shifts found in human development. The erythroid transcription factor GATA-1, believed to be a principal regulator of genes expressed in erythroid cells, first appeared in the embryo in yolk sac at the time of blood island formation and remained at a low level during embryonic erythropoiesis (8 to 11 days) relative to that found later in fetal liver (12 to 15 days). The rise in GATA-1 mRNA in fetal liver paralleled and preceded the rapid accumulation of adult beta-globin RNA. RNase protection assays and a GATA-1-specific peptide antiserum were used to establish that a single GATA-1 polypeptide is expressed throughout mouse development. Overall, these findings suggest that the levels of this erythroid transcription factor during development may contribute to the differential gene activation characteristic of definitive versus primitive erythropoiesis.
The relationship between the strength of the human heart beat and the interval between beats. (1982)

In 15 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and pacing tests, the left ventricular (LV) pressure and its maximum rate of rise (LV dP/dt max) were measured with catheter-tip manometers. Atrial or ventricular pacing at a single steady frequency (the priming frequency) was followed by a test pulse at a varying interval (test pulse interval). In 14 subjects in whom it was examined, the contractile response after the test pulse increased with test pulse interval to reach a maximum plateau value--the optimum contractile response (OCR). In five cases, further prolongation of the test pulse interval decreased the contractile response. The optimum test pulse interval occurred at 800-900 msec. An increase in the priming frequency before the introduction of the test pulse caused a progressive increase in OCR, in contrast to the minor effects on LV dP/dt max of the control beats. Similar results were recorded in four other patients in whom contractile response was assessed from the rate of rise of right ventricular pressure. These results indicate that with tachycardia, the interval between beats is insufficient to allow maximum contractile performance (presumed to be activated by calcium ions) to develop. The true effect of increasing heart rate is only revealed by the relationship between OCR and the preceding frequency of contraction.
Isolation and characterization of a human T lymphocyte-associated glycoprotein (gp40). (1984)

The biosynthetic and structural characteristics of the human thymocyte/T cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody WT1 have been studied. WT1 identified a monomeric cell surface glycoprotein of Mr = 40,000 ( gp40 ). Cross-absorption experiments and two-dimensional gel analyses indicate that WT1 and another monoclonal antibody, 3A1, react with the same structure. This glycoprotein was asymmetrically inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane structure. At this stage, the polypeptide chain possessed two N-linked, "high-mannose" type glycans; these were subsequently processed into endo-H-insensitive, complex oligosaccharides during intracellular transport to the cell surface. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin failed to block the processing of the nonglycosylated Mr = 29,000 polypeptide to a glycoprotein of Mr = 33,000. Cleavage of the mature Mr = 40,000 form with endo-F yielded a similar Mr = 33,000 product. The kinetics of synthesis of the Mr = 33,000 intermediate in conjunction with gal-NAc oligosaccharidase digestion indicated the presence of O-linked glycans in the mature cell surface WT1 antigen. The fully processed cell surface form of the polypeptide also contains covalently associated fatty acid, and was labeled by 32P phosphate, the predominantly labeled phosphoamino acid being phosphoserine. We also demonstrate biochemically that the reactivity of WT1 with cells from a few patients with acute myeloid leukemia reflects genuine expression of the gp40 structure on myeloid cells.
Multitip scanning bio-Kelvin probe (1999)

We have developed a novel multitip scanning Kelvin probe which can measure changes in biological surface potential ΔVs to within 2 mV and, quasisimultaneously monitor displacement to &amp;lt;1 μm. The control and measurement subcomponents are PC based and incorporate a flexible user interface permitting software control of each individual tip, measurement, and scan parameters. We review the mode of operation and design features of the scanning bio-Kelvin probe including tip steering, signal processing, tip calibration, and novel tip tracking/dithering routines. This system uniquely offers both tip-to-sample spacing control (which is essential to avoid spurious changes in ΔVs due to variations in mean spacing) and a dithering routine to maintain tip orientation to the biological specimen, irrespective of the latter’s movement. These features permit long term (&amp;gt;48 h) “active” tracking of the displacement and biopotentials developed along and around a plant shoot in response to an environmental stimulus, e.g., differential illumination (phototropism) or changes in orientation (gravitropism).
Temporal binding of multimodal controls for dynamic map displays (2011)

Dynamic map displays are visual interfaces that show the spatial positions of objects of interest (e.g., people, robots, vehicles), and can be updated with user commands as well as world changes, often in real time. Multimodal (speech and touch) controls were designed for a U.S. Army Research Laboratory dynamic map display to allow users to provide supervisory control of a simulated robotic swarm. This study characterized the effects of user performance (input difficulty, modality preference, and response to different levels of workload) on multimodal intercommand time (i.e., temporal binding), and explored how this might relate to the system's ability to bind or fuse user multimodal inputs into a unitary response. User performance was tested in a laboratory study using 6 male and 6 female volunteers with a mean age of 26 years. Results showed that 64% of all participants used speech commands first 100% of the time, while the remaining used touch commands first 100% of the time. Temporal binding between touch and voice commands was significantly shorter for touch-first than for speech-first commands, no matter what the level of workload. For both speech and touch commands, temporal binding was significantly shorter for both roads and swarm edges than for intersections. Results indicated that all of these factors can be significant in relating to a system's ability to bind multimodal inputs into a unitary response. Suggestions for future research are described.
Micro- and Nanoscale Control of the Cardiac Stem Cell Niche for Tissue Fabrication (2009)

Advances in stem cell (SC) biology have greatly enhanced our understanding of SC self-renewal and differentiation. Both embryonic and adult SCs can be differentiated into a great variety of tissue cell types, including cardiac myocytes. In vivo studies and clinical trials, however, have demonstrated major limitations in reconstituting the myocardium in failing hearts. These limitations include precise control of SC proliferation, survival and phenotype both prior and subsequent to transplantation and avoidance of serious adverse effects such as tumorigenesis and arrhythmias. Micro- and nanoscale techniques to recreate SC niches, the natural environment for the maintenance and regulation of SCs, have enabled the elucidation of novel SC behaviors and offer great promise in the fabrication of cardiac tissue constructs. The ability to precisely manipulate the interface between biopolymeric scaffolds and SCs at in vivo scale resolutions is unique to micro- and nanoscale approaches and may help overcome limitations of conventional biological scaffolds and methods for cell delivery. We now know that micro- and nanoscale manipulation of scaffold composition, mechanical properties, and three-dimensional architecture have profound influences on SC fate and will likely prove important in developing the next generation of "transplantable SC niches" for regeneration of heart and other tissues. In this review, we examine two key aspects of micro- and nanofabricated SC-based cardiac tissue constructs: the role of scaffold composition and the role of scaffold architecture and detail how recent work in these areas brings us closer to clinical solutions for cardiovascular regeneration.
Cleavage of Proteins by a Mixed-Ligand Copper(II) Phenolate Complex:  Hydrophobicity of the Diimine Coligand Promotes Cleavage (2007)

The mixed-ligand copper(II) complex [Cu(tdp)(tmp)](ClO4), where H(tdp) is 2-[(2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino)methyl]phenol and tmp is 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, exhibits cleavage of the proteins bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, producing approximately 5 and 4 kDa protein fragments respectively within a few minutes at micromolar concentrations. The hydrophobic tmp ligand recognizes the hydrophobic site and enhances protein binding and cleavage even at physiological pH and temperature.
Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients (1993)

There was no statistically significant difference in pneumonia rate in mechanically ventilated trauma patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate vs. ranitidine.
Cloning and expression of a cohemolysin, the CAMP factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1989)

The genetic determinant of the cohemolysin which is responsible for the CAMP phenomenon, a cohemolysis, of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was cloned in Escherichia coli. Total DNA from the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 type strain 4074 was used to construct a gene library in plasmid pUC18 in E. coli JM83. A total of 10,500 clones containing recombinant plasmids have been screened for hemolysis on blood plates. Fifty-five clones which showed a weak hemolytic response after 24 to 48 h of incubation were screened for the CAMP reaction with Staphylococcus aureus. This led to the identification of one clone which showed a positive CAMP reaction. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the recombinant strain expressed a protein with a molecular mass of 27,000 daltons, similar in size to the CAMP protein of the group B streptococci. Rabbit antibodies against the CAMP+ clone neutralized the CAMP reaction mediated by the E. coli strain containing the cloned CAMP gene as well as that of A. pleuropneumoniae. Antibodies raised against the cloned CAMP cohemolysin cross-reacted with Streptococcus agalactiae protein B. We designate the 27,000-dalton molecule CAMP factor protein and name its corresponding gene cfp.
Crystal structure of a four-stranded intercalated DNA: d(C4) (1994)

The crystal structure of d(C4) solved at 2.3-A resolution reveals a four-stranded molecule composed of two interdigitated or intercalated duplexes. The duplexes are held together by hemiprotonated cytosine-cytosine base pairs and are parallel stranded, but the two duplexes point in opposite directions. The molecule has a slow right-handed twist of 12.4 degrees between covalently linked cytosine base pairs, and the base stacking distance is 3.1 A. This is in general agreement with the NMR studies. A biological role for DNA in this conformation is suggested.
The imaging issue in an automatic face/disguise detection system (2002)

Automatic face recognition systems have made great strides. They still, however cannot cope with changes due to lighting and cannot detect disguises, Both of these issues are critical for the employment of face recognition systems in high security applications, such as embassy perimeters, federal plazas, mid the like. We propose novel imaging solutions that address these difficult problems. We demonstrate with theoretical and experimental arguments that a dual-band fusion system in the near infrared can segment human faces much more accurately than traditional visible band face detection systems. Face detection is useful by itself as an early warning method in certain surveillance applications. Accurate face delineation can also improve the performance of face recognition systems in certain difficult scenarios, particularly in outside environments. We also demonstrate with theoretical and experimental arguments that the upper band of the near infrared (1.4-2.4 /spl mu/m) is particularly advantageous for disguise detection purposes. This is attributable to the unique and universal properties of the human skin in this sub-band. We conclude the paper with a description of our ongoing and future efforts.
Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 2. Physicochemical Composition of Product Liquid (2003)

In this second article on fuel oil, use of forestry residue pyrolysis liquids, their physicochemical properties, and the behavior of these liquids are described. Understanding of the chemical composition of forestry residue liquids enables the selection of correct handling and storage conditions. Forestry residue is one of the most viable biomass feedstocks for liquid production in Northern softwood forest zone. A 10−25 wt % top phase with a high heating value is produced from forestry residue due to the high content of extractives and low water content. However, it has high solid and ash contents. The main product, bottom phase, is similar to bark-free wood pyrolysis liquid: volatile acids 8−10 wt %; aldehydes and ketones 10−15 wt %; water 25−30 wt %; “sugar constituents” 30−35 wt %; water-insoluble, mainly lignin-based constituents 15−20 wt %; and extractives (2−6 wt %). Its physical properties (water 28 wt %, pH 3.0, viscosity at 40 °C 15 cSt, LHV 14 MJ/kg, solids < 0.05 wt %), making it suitable for fuel oil use. The solids content is typically lower than in pine liquids. Needles and bark in forestry residue, especially in fresh green feedstock, yields high alkali metal (400−1000 mg/kg), ash (0.1−0.2 wt %), and nitrogen (0.1−0.4 wt %) contents of the liquid compared to pine (50 mg/kg, 0.02−0.03 wt %, < 0.1 wt %, respectively) liquids. This results in higher NOx and particulates emissions in combustion. In pyrolysis of forestry residue attention should be paid on solids/alkali removal and decrease in nitrogen content.
High‐resolution modeling of antibody structures by a combination of bioinformatics, expert knowledge, and molecular simulations (2014)

In the second antibody modeling assessment, we used a semiautomated template-based structure modeling approach for 11 blinded antibody variable region (Fv) targets. The structural modeling method involved several steps, including template selection for framework and canonical structures of complementary determining regions (CDRs), homology modeling, energy minimization, and expert inspection. The submitted models for Fv modeling in Stage 1 had the lowest average backbone root mean square deviation (RMSD) (1.06 Å). Comparison to crystal structures showed the most accurate Fv models were generated for 4 out of 11 targets. We found that the successful modeling in Stage 1 mainly was due to expert-guided template selection for CDRs, especially for CDR-H3, based on our previously proposed empirical method (H3-rules) and the use of position specific scoring matrix-based scoring. Loop refinement using fragment assembly and multicanonical molecular dynamics (McMD) was applied to CDR-H3 loop modeling in Stage 2. Fragment assembly and McMD produced putative structural ensembles with low free energy values that were scored based on the OSCAR all-atom force field and conformation density in principal component analysis space, respectively, as well as the degree of consensus between the two sampling methods. The quality of 8 out of 10 targets improved as compared with Stage 1. For 4 out of 10 Stage-2 targets, our method generated top-scoring models with RMSD values of less than 1 Å. In this article, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our approach as well as possible directions for improvement to generate better predictions in the future.
Benzhydryl Esters of Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis1 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzhydryl Esters of Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis1Akintola A. Aboderin, Georges R. Delpierre, and Joseph S. FrutonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 23, 5469–5472Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00951a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00951a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Redirecting Human T Lymphocytes Toward Renal Cell Carcinoma Specificity by Retroviral Transfer of T Cell Receptor Genes (2005)

Adoptive T cell therapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited by the difficulty in generating sufficient numbers of RCC-reactive T cells in vitro. To circumvent this problem, we cloned T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte clone specific for an RCC tumor antigen and transferred the TCR into human T cell lines and primary T lymphocytes. Efficient TCR expression in primary T lymphocytes was obtained only with a mouse myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV)-based retroviral vector, not with a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vector, although both viral supernatants were similar in titer, as shown by analysis of copy number integration in transduced T cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a higher amount of TCR-encoding transcripts when T cells were transduced with the MPSV vector in comparison with the MLV vector, indicating that high TCR expression levels can be achieved by appropriate cis-regulatory vector elements. The biological activity of the transferred TCR was shown by specific lysis of RCC cells ((51)Cr release assay) and by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha release (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in an antigen-specific and HLA-A*0201-restricted fashion. Comparison of the redirected T lymphocytes with the original tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte clone revealed similar killing and cytokine secretion capabilities. The functional activity of TCR-redirected T lymphocytes was stable over time. The results demonstrate that use of an optimized retroviral vector yielded a high TCR transduction efficiency and stable and high TCR expression in primary human T lymphocytes and redirected their specificity toward RCC cells.
Low-dose thalidomide plus monthly high-dose oral dexamethasone (Thali-Dexa): results, prognostic factors and side effects in eight patients previously treated with multiple myeloma. (2003)

Thalidomide is active both as single agent and in combination-therapy against refractory or relapsing multiple myeloma. Eigth patients previously treated were given Thalidomide 100mg/daily plus Dexametasone 40mg/daily for four days each month (Thali-Dexa) and followed for response, prognostic factors and side effects. Two patients had early death (one from massive cerebral ischemic stroke, the other from dementia and progressive renal failure), one patient progressed during Thali-Dexa (thalidomide 200mg) and was rescued with chemotherapy, two patients required increasing thalidomide dosage (to 200 and 400mg, respectively) because of progressive disease, three patients had stable disease remission lasting from 4m+ to 16m+. Thali-Dexa is a useful agent but age and vascular/metabolic diseases may increase the risk of severe side effects. Early decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate seems to correlate with better disease control.