gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide mediates cytokine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets of Langerhans. (1993)

Cytokines have been implicated as immunological effector molecules that mediate beta cell destruction associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this report we demonstrate that the cytokine combination of human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the formation of nitric oxide by human islets. This combination of cytokines stimulates both the formation of the nitric oxide derivative, nitrite, and the accumulation of cGMP by human islets. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine prevents formation of both cGMP and nitrite. IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma are sufficient to induce nitric oxide formation by human islets, whereas TNF-alpha potentiates nitrite production. This combination of cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) also influences insulin secretion by human islets. Pretreatment of human islets with low concentrations of this cytokine combination (IL-1 beta at 15 units/ml, 0.7 nM TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma at 150 units/ml) appears to slightly stimulate insulin secretion. Higher concentrations (IL-1 beta at 75 units/ml, 3.5 nM TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma at 750 units/ml) inhibit insulin secretion from human islets, and the inhibitory effect is prevented by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. This higher concentration of cytokines also induces the formation of an electron paramagnetic resonance-detectable g = 2.04 axial feature by human islets that is characteristic of the formation of an iron-dithio-dinitrosyl complex. The formation of this complex is prevented by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, thus confirming that this cytokine combination induces the formation of nitric oxide by human islets. These results indicate that nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effects of cytokines on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by human islets and suggest that nitric oxide may participate in beta-cell dysfunction associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Wide expression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter Glut1 in human cancers. (1996)

Glucose uptake has been found to be increased in cancer cells. Previous work has shown increased expression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter (Glut1) mRNA in some human cancers, indicating that Glut1 may play a significant role in glucose uptake by these tumors. The distribution of Glut1 protein in normal and malignant human tissues is still largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that Glut1 is largely undetectable in normal epithelial tissues and benign epithelial tumors but is expressed in a significant proportion of a variety of human carcinomas. We hypothesize that Glut1 expression by human carcinomas indicates an increased glucose uptake, and probably increased utilization of energy, which may correlate with an aggressive behavior. The biological significance of Glut1 expression needs to be determined.
Efficient Elimination of Multidrug‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusby Cloned Lysin Derived from Bacteriophage φMR11 (2007)

We report the successful purification of a cloned lysin encoded by the novel Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi MR11. The lysin, designated MV-L, rapidly and completely lysed cells of a number of S. aureus strains tested, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and a subset of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) in growing conditions. MV-L-mediated killing is specific to S. aureus and not to other species, except for S. simulans. MV-L exerted its staphylocidal effect synergistically with glycopeptide antibiotics against VISA. MV-L efficiently eliminated MRSA that had been artificially inoculated into the nares of mice. The intraperitoneal administration of MV-L also protected mice against MRSA septic death, without any harmful effects. Although MV-L evoked detectable levels of a humoral response in mice, the antibodies did not abolish the bacteriolytic activity. These results indicate that MV-L might be useful as a powerful therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Effect ofl-Proline on Sake Brewing and Ethanol Stress inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2005)

During the fermentation of sake, cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are exposed to high concentrations of ethanol, thereby damaging the cell membrane and functional proteins. L-proline protects yeast cells from damage caused by freezing or oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the role of intracellular L-proline in cells of S. cerevisiae grown under ethanol stress. An L-proline-accumulating laboratory strain carries a mutant allele of PRO1, pro1(D154N), which encodes the Asp154Asn mutant gamma-glutamyl kinase. This mutation increases the activity of gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, which catalyze the first two steps of L-proline synthesis and which together may form a complex in vivo. When cultured in liquid medium in the presence of 9% and 18% ethanol under static conditions, the cell viability of the L-proline-accumulating laboratory strain is greater than the cell viability of the parent strain. This result suggests that intracellular accumulation of L-proline may confer tolerance to ethanol stress. We constructed a novel sake yeast strain by disrupting the PUT1 gene, which is required for L-proline utilization, and replacing the wild-type PRO1 allele with the pro1(D154N) allele. The resultant strain accumulated L-proline and was more tolerant to ethanol stress than was the control strain. We used the strain that could accumulate L-proline to brew sake containing five times more L-proline than what is found in sake brewed with the control strain, without affecting the fermentation profiles.
Mixing liquids in microseconds (1985)

An instrument is described in which two solutions can be homogeneously mixed within several microseconds. The liquids flow separately through two coaxial capillaries with conical tips and then simultaneously around a sphere (50–100 μ in diameter) which has been positioned close to the end of the outer tip. The liquids flow with velocities of ∼100 m/s through the small passages (∼5 μ wide) separating the sphere and the wall of the outer capillary and mix in the turbulent liquid flow behind the sphere. The mixed liquids are then ejected as a narrow liquid jet for observation. Design characteristics and construction techniques are presented along with a discussion of the properties of the turbulent flow field and estimates of the expected practically realizable mixing times. The experimentally determined speed of mixing indicates that we have nearly achieved the proposed lower limits of the mixing time.
Thermoreversible laminin‐functionalized hydrogel for neural tissue engineering (2006)

Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers cell death and deafferentation, which may activate a cascade of cellular and network disturbances. These events often result in the formation of irregularly shaped lesions comprised of necrotic tissue and/or a fluid-filled cavity. Tissue engineering represents a promising treatment strategy for the injured neural tissue. To facilitate minimally invasive delivery of a tissue engineered system, a thermoreversible polymer is an attractive scaffold candidate. We have developed a bioactive scaffold for neural tissue engineering by tethering laminin-1 (LN) to methylcellulose (MC), a thermoresponsive hydrogel. The base MC chain was oxidized via sodium m-periodate to increase MC tethering capacity. Protein immobilization was facilitated by a Schiff base reaction between primary amine groups on LN and the carbonyl groups of the oxidized MC chain. Immunoassays demonstrated tethering of LN at 1.6 +/- 0.5 ng of LN per milligram of MC. Rheological measurements for different MC-LN constructs indicated MC composition- and MC treatment-dependent effects on solution-gelation transition temperature. Cellular assays with primary rat cortical neurons demonstrated enhanced cell adhesion and viability on LN-functionalized MC when compared with base and oxidized MC. This bioadhesive thermoresponsive scaffold may provide a robust delivery vehicle to injured CNS tissue for neural cell transplantation strategies.
Method for imaging sidewalls by atomic force microscopy (1994)

We demonstrate a new method for imaging vertical and near vertical surface features by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is based on an attractive force mode AFM, equipped with a special boot-shaped tip, coupled with a measurement of slope and with a special tracking technique. Surface profiling is achieved through a novel servo and scanning system. Mapping sidewall profile opens the door to measurement of critical dimensions (width and wall angles) of lines and trenches in integrated circuits, with high accuracy.
The estimation of the gradient of a density function, with applications in pattern recognition (1975)

Nonparametric density gradient estimation using a generalized kernel approach is investigated. Conditions on the kernel functions are derived to guarantee asymptotic unbiasedness, consistency, and uniform consistency of the estimates. The results are generalized to obtain a simple mcan-shift estimate that can be extended in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> -nearest-neighbor approach. Applications of gradient estimation to pattern recognition are presented using clustering and intrinsic dimensionality problems, with the ultimate goal of providing further understanding of these problems in terms of density gradients.
Speckle suppression in laser display using several partially coherent beams (2008)

An optical scheme for speckle suppression using two or three partially coherent beams in a projection system is proposed. Diffractive optical elements (DOE) placed in the intermediate image plane create several beams carrying the image to a screen. Transparent plates of different thicknesses are placed in the Fourier plane of the projective lens and used for beam decorrelation. The coherence matrix algorithm for speckle suppression is used to calculate the speckle contrast ratio. It is shown that for a small decorrelation length and using the same maximum thickness of the transparent plates, two partially coherent beams would provide better suppression than three beams with different diffraction orders. However, for a large decorrelation length, the three beam setup provides better speckle suppression for all three colors examined with a suppression coefficient close to theoretical limits. Verification of speckle suppression using three-beam decorrelation is reported.
[Rationale of noninvasive method of drug administration at the prelymphatic level]. (1998)

The paper deals with the mode of local drug administration into the biological tissue at the prelympathic level without damaging the skin, which is based on enhancement of skin permeability by exposing to physical factors, including the use of contrast temperatures in the cyclic process of heating-cooling, followed by exposure to contact low-frequency ultrasound. Experimental and clinical studies of the mode versus routine drug administration have shown it to be promising in physiotherapeutic use.
Model studies directed toward the boron neutron-capture therapy of cancer: boron delivery to murine tumors with liposomes. (1992)

The successful treatment of cancer by boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) requires the selective concentration of boron-10 within malignant tumors. The potential of liposomes to deliver boron-rich compounds to tumors has been assessed by the examination of the biodistribution of boron delivered by liposomes in tumor-bearing mice. Small unilamellar vesicles with mean diameters of 70 nm or less, composed of a pure synthetic phospholipid (distearoyl phosphatidylcholine) and cholesterol, have been found to stably encapsulate high concentrations of water-soluble ionic boron compounds. The hydrolytically stable borane anions B10H10(2-), B12H11SH2-, B20H17OH4-, B20H19(3-), and the normal form and photoisomer of B20H18(2-) were encapsulated in liposomes as their soluble sodium salts. The tissue concentration of boron in tumor-bearing mice was measured at several time points over 48 h after i.v. injection of emulsions of liposomes containing the borane anions. Although the boron compounds used do not exhibit an affinity for tumors and are normally rapidly cleared from the body, liposomes were observed to selectively deliver the borane anions to tumors. The highest tumor concentrations achieved reached the therapeutic range (greater than 15 micrograms of boron per g of tumor) while maintaining high tumor-boron/blood-boron ratios (greater than 3). The most favorable results were obtained with the two isomers of B20H18(2-). These boron compounds have the capability to react with intracellular components after they have been deposited within tumor cells by the liposome, thereby preventing the borane ion from being released into blood.
Renal Na+-glucose cotransporters (2001)

In humans, the kidneys filter approximately 180 g of D-glucose from plasma each day, and this is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. Although the mechanism of reabsorption is well understood, Na(+)-glucose cotransport across the brush-border membrane and facilitated diffusion across the basolateral membrane, questions remain about the identity of the genes responsible for cotransport across the brush border. Genetic studies suggest that two different genes regulate Na(+)-glucose cotransport, and there is evidence from animal studies to suggest that the major bulk of sugar is reabsorbed in the convoluted proximal tubule by a low-affinity, high-capacity transporter and that the remainder is absorbed in the straight proximal tubule by a high-affinity, low-capacity transporter. There are at least three different candidates for these human renal Na(+)-glucose cotransporters. This review will focus on the structure-function relationships of these three transporters, SGLT1, SGLT2, and SGLT3.
Production of .beta.-apiosidase by Aspergillus niger: partial purification, properties, and effect on terpenyl apiosylglucosides from grape (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of .beta.-apiosidase by Aspergillus niger: partial purification, properties, and effect on terpenyl apiosylglucosides from grapeIsabelle. Dupin, Ziya. Gunata, Jean Claude. Sapis, Claude. Bayonove, Oubadjim. M'Bairaroua, and Claude. TapieroCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 10, 1886–1891Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00022a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The B7/BB1 antigen is expressed by Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease and contributes to the stimulating capacity of Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines (1993)

The B7/BB1 molecule has recently been found to be expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells and to be the natural ligand for CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells. On binding of B7/BB1, CD28 transduces a signal that synergizes with triggering of the T-cell antigen receptor, resulting in enhanced cytokine secretion. In view of the data supporting an antigen-presenting function of Reed-Sternberg cells, we evaluated the expression of B7/BB1 in lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease. B7/BB1 was found to be strongly expressed by the Reed- Sternberg cells in all 47 cases of Hodgkin's disease studied. Moreover, Reed-Sternberg cells were frequently surrounded by CD28-expressing T cells. Evidence for a functional role of B7/BB1 on Reed-Sternberg cells was obtained by our findings that T-cell proliferation and interleukin- 2 (IL-2) production in the primary allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), using the B7/BB1-expressing Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines L428 and KM-H2 as stimulators, could be partially blocked by adding anti-B7 monoclonal antibody. B7/BB1 expression was also evaluated in a group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 46). Whereas B7/BB1 was not expressed by the neoplastic cells of most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (n = 11), it was present on the neoplastic cells of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma) (n = 5) and follicular lymphoma (n = 4). Our data provide further evidence for an accessory cell function of Reed-Sternberg cells. The accessory cell function of Reed-Sternberg cells might lead to pronounced T-cell activation in vivo, which might contribute to the Hodgkin's syndrome. In addition, our study indicates that B7/BB1 may be a useful marker for differentiating Hodgkin's disease from morphologically similar conditions such as T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma.
Measurement of the affinity and phosphorylation constants governing irreversible inhibition of cholinesterases by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (1966)

1. A procedure is described for determining the affinity constant K(a) and the phosphorylation constant k(p) for the inhibition by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and serum cholinesterase. The procedure depends on the use of a specially designed reaction vessel with which incubation times as short as 1.2sec. could be obtained at any convenient temperature. 2. The K(a) of acetylcholinesterase decreased from 1.58 (+/-0.22)x10(-3)m at 5 degrees to 1.17 (+/-0.10)x10(-3)m at 25 degrees and the associated change in enthalpy was 2980 cal. 3. The k(p) of acetylcholinesterase increased from 11.9 (+/-0.7)min.(-1) at 5 degrees to 40.7 (+/-1.4)min.(-1) at 25 degrees , indicating an activational energy of 9600 cal. The change in entropy associated with K(a) was 23.5 cal. degree(-1) at 25 degrees . 4. At 5 degrees , the K(a) and k(p) of serum cholinesterase were 9.95 (+/-1.10)x10(-6)m and 11.2 (+/-0.63)min.(-1) respectively. 5. The 150-fold difference in the inhibitory power of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate for the two cholinesterases was attributed entirely to differences in affinity.
aeGEPUCI: a database of gene expression in the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti (2010)

The combination of gene expression, function and sequence data coupled with integrated sequence analysis tools allows for identification of expression patterns and streamlines the development of CRE predictions and experiments to assess how patterns of expression are coordinated at the molecular level.
Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing intestinal bacterium inhibits colon cancer and modulates the intermediate biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis (1997)

The human colon can be described as a complex microbial ecosystem, comprising several hundred bacterial species. Some of these enteric bacteria are beneficial to the host and have been shown to exert antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. We have investigated the colon tumor inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing enterobacterium. The modifying effects of this lactic culture on colonic mucosal and/or tumor cell proliferation, ODC activity and ras-p21 oncoprotein expression in colon carcinogenesis were also analyzed. Male F344 rats were fed a modified AIN-76A diet containing 0 or 2% lyophilized cultures of B. longum and s.c. administered azoxymethane (AOM) dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks. Vehicle controls received an equal volume of normal saline s.c. Animals were maintained on control or experimental diets until termination of the study. Animals intended for analysis of cell proliferation were killed 20 weeks after the second AOM injection, whereas animals intended for colon tumor analysis and measurement of ODC activity and ras-p21 expression were killed 40 weeks after the last AOM injection. The data demonstrate that dietary administration of lyophilized cultures of B. longum resulted in significant suppression of colon tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity and also reduced tumor volume. Results also revealed that ingestion of B. longum significantly inhibited AOM-induced cell proliferation, ODC activity and expression of ras-p21 oncoprotein. Data suggest that oral administration of probiotic B. longum exerts strong antitumor activity, as indicated by modulation of the intermediate biomarkers of colon cancer, and consequently reduced tumor outcome.
A novel strategy for the functional cloning of enzymes using filamentous phage display: the case of nucleotidyl transferases (2002)

In vitro selections for catalytic activity have been designed for the isolation of genes encoding enzymes from libraries of proteins displayed on filamentous phages. The proteins are generally expressed as C-terminal fusions with the N-terminus of the minor coat protein p3 for display on phages. As full-length cDNAs generally contain several stop codons near their 3' end, this approach cannot be used for their expression on the surface of phages. Here we show that in vitro selection for catalytic activity is compatible with a system for expression of proteins as N-terminal fusions on the surface of bacteriophages. It is highlighted for the Stoffel fragment of Taq DNA polymerase I and makes use of (p3-Jun/Fos-Stoffel fragment) fusions. The efficiency of the selection is measured by an enrichment factor found to be about 55 for a phage polymerase versus a phage not expressing a polymerase. This approach could provide a method for the functional cloning of nucleotidyl transferases from cDNA libraries using filamentous phage display.
Neonatal Outcome of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis by Polar Body Removal: The First 109 Infants (2000)

Thus far, there are no observable detrimental effects of PGD by PBR on children born after the procedure.