gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affinities of Dihydrocodeine and its Metabolites to Opioid Receptors (2002)

Dihydrocodeine is metabolized to dihydromorphine, dihydrocodeine-6-O-, dihydromorphine-3-O- and dihydromorphine-6-O-glucuronide, and nordihydrocodeine. The current study was conducted to evaluate the affinities of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites to mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors. Codeine, morphine, d,1-methadone and levomethadone were used as controls. Displacement binding experiments were carried out at the respective opioid receptor types using preparations of guinea pig cerebral cortex and the specific opioid agonists [5H]DAMGO (mu-opioid receptor), [3H]DPDPE (delta-opioid receptor) and [3H]U69,593 (K-opioid receptor) as radioactive ligands at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.0 nmol/l, respectively. All substances had their greatest affinity to the mu-opioid receptor. The affinities of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-O-glucuronide were at least 70 times greater compared with dihydrocodeine (Ki 0.3 micromol/l), whereas the other metabolites yielded lower affinities. For the delta-opioid receptor, the order of affinities was similar with the exception that dihydrocodeine-6-O-glucuronide revealed a doubled affinity in relation to dihydrocodeine (Ki 5.9 micromol/l). In contrast, for the K-opioid receptor, dihydrocodeine-6-O- and dihydromorphine-6-O-glucuronide had clearly lower affinities compared to the respective parent compounds. The affinity of nordihydrocodeine was almost identical to that of dihydrocodeine (Ki 14 micromol/l), whereas dihydromorphine had a 60 times higher affinity. These results suggest that dihydromorphine and its 6-O-glucuronide may provide a relevant contribution to the pharmacological effects of dihydrocodeine. The O-demethylation of dihydrocodeine to dihydromorphine is mediated by the polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme CYP2D6, resulting in different metabolic profiles in extensive and poor metabolizers. About 7% of the caucasian population which are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers thus may experience therapeutic failure after standard doses.
Co-expression of keratinocyte growth factor and K-sam is an independent prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma (2009)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) from gastric fibroblasts have been reported to stimulate proliferation of scirrhous gastric cancer cells with K-samII amplification in a paracrine manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the co-expression of K-sam and KGF in gastric carcinomas. A total of 136 primary gastric tumors were investigated by staining with antibodies against K-sam and KGF. K-sam expression on cancer cells and KGF expression on fibroblasts was estimated. The relationship between the K-sam and/or KGF expression and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. K-sam expression was positive in 42 (31%) of 136 gastric carcinomas. K-sam expression was positively correlated with scirrhous cancer (p<0.001), diffuse type (p=0.031), invasion depth (p=0.018) and infiltration type (p<0.001). Prognosis of K-sam positive patients was significantly poorer than that of K-sam negative patients (p<0.001). The prognosis of patients with both K-sam and KGF positive tumors was significantly worse in comparison to either negative tumors (p<0.001). In 94 patients with a curative resection, a multivariate analysis revealed the co-expression of K-sam and KGF to be an independent prognostic factor (p=0.029). In conclusion, the co-expression of K-sam and KGF in gastric cancer might be a useful prognostic factor.
Wedgelike Glycodendrimers as Inhibitors of Binding of Mammalian Galectins to Glycoproteins, Lactose Maxiclusters, and Cell Surface Glycoconjugates (2001)

Galectins are mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, and growth regulation with relevance to inflammation and tumor spread. These important functions account for the interest to design suitable low molecular weight inhibitors that match the distinct modes of presentation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of the different galectin subfamilies. Using 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid as the branching unit, wedgelike glycodendrimers with two, four, and eight lactose moieties (G1-G3) were synthesized. They were tested in solid-phase competition assays with lactose maxiclusters and various N-glycan branching profiles (miniclusters) as the matrix and also in cell assays. Prototype galectins-1 and -7, chimera-type galectin-3, a plant (AB)(2) toxin, and a lactose-binding immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum were the carbohydrate-binding targets. Potent inhibition and remarkable cluster effects were seen for the homodimeric galectin-1, especially in combination with biantennary N-glycans as the matrix. Remarkably, for the tetravalent G2 glycodendrimer, the inhibitory potency of each lactose unit reached a maximum value of 1667 relative to free lactose. In haemagglutination experiments as a model for cell adhesion, galectin-3 was markedly sensitive to increased sugar valency and a relative potency per lactose of 150 was reached. The spatial orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of the endogenous lectins and the branching pattern of the carbohydrates of the glycoprotein matrices used are both important factors in the design and synthesis of glycodendrimers with galectin-selective properties.
Preparation of Silver Nanorods by Rapid Microwave Heating (2004)

Abstract We report a method for preparing silver nanorods by a rapid heating process. The procedure we use is one in which a silver salt is reduced to silver metal by sodium citrate under the influence of microwave irradiation. The silver products were characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffractometry. Key aspects for the production of nanorods having high aspect ratios are rapid microwave heating and adequate reaction times.
Recombinant Rat and Murine Immune Interferons Are Phosphorylated at a Single Site, Ser 132 (1988)

Recombinant rat (Ra) and murine (Mu) immune interferons (IFN-gamma) were found to be phosphorylated by bovine heart muscle cAMP-dependent protein kinase at a single site, in contrast to human (Hu) IFN-gamma, which was reported to be phosphorylated at two different serine residues. Chromatography of a Staphylococcal aureus V8 protease digest of Ra or MuIFN-gamma indicated that the site of phosphorylation was in the carboxy-terminal undecamer fragment of the protein. Due to inherent problems in measuring both phenylthiohydantoin-serine (PTH-serine) and PTH-phosphoserine with an automated sequenator, a novel approach, involving partial Edman degradation of aliquots of the peptide followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, was developed. It was determined that Ser132 is the exclusive site of phosphorylation for both IFNs.
Expression of Placental FLT1 Transcript Variants Relates to Both Gestational Hypertensive Disease and Fetal Growth (2011)

The recent discovery of additional alternative spliced FLT1 transcripts encoding novel soluble (s)FLT1 protein isoforms complicates both the predictive value and functional implications of sFLT1 in preeclampsia. We investigated FLT1 expression levels and splicing patterns in placentas of normotensive and preeclamptic women, and established the tissue specificity of all FLT1 transcript variants. mRNA levels of sFLT1 splice variants were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 21 normal human tissues and placental biopsies from 91 normotensive and 55 preeclamptic women. Cellular localization of placental FLT1 expression was established by RNA in situ hybridization. Of all tissues investigated, placenta has by far the highest FLT1 mRNA expression level, mainly localized in the syncytiotrophoblast layer. More than 80% of placental transcripts correspond to sFLT1_v2. Compared with normotensive placenta, preeclamptic placenta has ≈3-fold higher expression of all FLT1 transcript variants (P<0.001), with a slight shift in favor of sFLT1_v1. Although to a lesser degree, transcript levels are also increased in placenta from normotensive women that deliver a small for gestational age neonate. We conclude that sFLT isoform-specific assays could potentially improve the accuracy of current sFLT1 assays for the prediction of preeclampsia. However, placental FLT1 transcript levels are increased not only in preeclampsia but also in normotensive pregnancy with a small for gestational age fetus. This may indicate a common pathway involved in the development of both conditions but complicates the use of circulating sFLT1 protein levels for the prediction or diagnosis of preeclampsia alone.
A comparison of dexmedetomidine with propofol versus esmolol with propofol to attenuate the hemodynamic stress responses after electroconvulsive therapy (2017)

Both dexmedetomidine and esmolol attenuate the hyperdynamic response to ECT without affecting the seizure duration, but dexmedetomidine has a more favorable response in view of stable vitals, smooth emergence and no adverse effect on recovery duration.
Five-transmembrane domains appear sufficient for a G protein-coupled receptor: Functional five-transmembrane domain chemokine receptors (1999)

The putative seven-transmembrane (TM) domains have been the structural hallmark for the superfamily of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate a variety of cellular functions by mediating a large number of extracellular signals. Five-TM GPCR mutants of chemokine receptor CCR5 and CXCR4, the N-terminal segment of which connected directly to TM3 as a result of a deletion of TM1-2 and the first intracellular and extracellular loops, have been obtained in this study. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis revealed that these five-TM mutant GPCRs were expressed stably on the cell surface after transfection into human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The five-TM CCR5 and CXCR4 functioned as normal chemokine receptors in mediating chemokine-stimulated chemotaxis, Ca2+ influx, and activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Like the wild-type GPCRs, the five-TM mutant receptors also underwent agonist-dependent internalization and desensitization and were subjected to regulation by GPCR kinases and arrestins. Our study indicates that five-TM domains, at least in the case of CCR5 and CXCR4, appear to meet the minimum structural requirements for a functional GPCR and suggests possible existence of functional five-TM GPCRs in nature during evolution.
Fat Injection to the Breast: Technique, Results, and Indications Based on 880 Procedures Over 10 Years (2009)

Lipomodeling, because of a low complication rate and positive results, presents a new option for plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery of the breast. Pre- and postoperative examination by a radiologist specialized in breast imaging is necessary to limit the risk that a cancer may occur coincidentally with lipomodeling.
Opposing Effects Mediated by the Chemokine Receptor CXCR2 on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2003)

CXCR2 exerts opposing effects on myocardial viability during ischemia-reperfusion with recruitment of damaging inflammatory cells predominant over direct tissue protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Modified Oligonucleotides — Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydroxyquinoline overcomes PCR inhibition by UV-damaged mineral oil (1995)

Journal Article Hydroxyquinoline overcomes PCR inhibition by UV-damaged mineral oil Get access M. Gilgen, M. Gilgen * Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Höfelein, C. Höfelein Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Lüthy, J. Lüthy Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ph. Hübner Ph. Hübner Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 19, 11 October 1995, Pages 4001–4002, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.19.4001 Published: 11 October 1995 Article history Received: 27 July 1995 Accepted: 20 August 1995 Published: 11 October 1995
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1994)

We have analyzed the sequence downstream of rpoN from Zcinetobacter calcoaceticus and identified an open reading frame encoding a protein with high similarity to UDP-N-acetylgucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase (MurZ). Multicopy plasmids encoding this enzyme conferred phosphomycin resistance to A. calcoaceticus. The polar effect of a rpoN mutation on the phosphomycin resistance level suggests that murZ is, in part, cotranscribed with rpoN. These observations confirm that A. calcoaceticus represents the first exceptin from a conserved genetic context of rpoN observed in several other Gram-negative bacteria.
Paramagnetically Induced Residual Dipolar Couplings for Solution Structure Determination of Lanthanide Binding Proteins (2002)

Lanthanides may substitute calcium in calcium-binding proteins, such as, for instance, EF-hand proteins. Paramagnetic lanthanides are capable of orienting the protein in high magnetic fields to an extent similar to that obtained by using orienting devices, and each lanthanide orients according to its magnetic susceptibility tensor. Here, Ce(3+), Tb(3+), Dy(3+), Ho(3+), Er(3+), Tm(3+), Yb(3+) in the C-terminal site of calbindin D(9k) have been investigated. Such systems provide (1)H-(15)N residual dipolar couplings (rdc) which can be used for solution structure determinations. Within the frame of optimizing the use of residual dipolar couplings for efficient solution structure determination, it is proposed here to use a number of lanthanides (e.g., >2) to obtain the orientations of the internuclear vectors with respect to an arbitrary reference system. This is facilitated by the independent knowledge of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensor of each metal, obtained from the analysis of the pseudocontact shifts. A further module of the program PARAMAGNETIC-DYANA, called RDCDYANA-ANGLES, is developed to efficiently incorporate such rdc-derived orientations, instead of the rdc themselves, as constraints in the solution structure calculation. This strategy is absolutely general and can be extended to any other pair of dipole-dipole coupled nuclei. The effect of mobility is also assessed. In principle, information on the mobility can be obtained with a number of lanthanide ions >5, or by combining a smaller number of lanthanide ions with a few orienting devices.
The measurement of performance in childhood cancer patients (1987)

The performance status of the child with cancer is an important outcome consideration in pediatric oncology research and practice. However, no single measure for children has been available. This is a report of the development and standardization of such a scale. The play-performance scale for children is a parent-rated instrument which records usual play activity as the index of performance. Performance status ratings were obtained on three groups of children: patients (n = 98), patients' siblings (n = 29), and an independent sample of hospital employees' children (n = 40). Children with all types and stages of childhood malignant neoplasms were represented. Test results established the parent as a competent, reliable rater and demonstrated the validity of the scale. Interrater reliability was examined using correlational statistics and percentage agreement. Agreement between parents was good, and there were no systematic rater biases. In addition, parents' ratings significantly discriminated differences in levels of functioning (mean score, patients 75.4 versus siblings 97.4). Correlational and analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures demonstrated that the play-performance scale was significantly related to the global performance measures of experienced clinicians and was sensitive to change. Inpatients received a mean score of 42.3, outpatients 90.7, and normals 98.2. These findings indicate that the scale is both feasible and effective. It is concise, can be administered repeatedly even to extremely ill patients, and uses parents as observer reporters. The play-performance scale for children provides quantifiable, reproducible, and meaningful data, which is necessary for effective monitoring and management of the child with cancer.
Grain Size Saturation during Severe Plastic Deformation (2007)

Ultra-low carbon steel (ferritic steel), commercial purity aluminum and high purity copper were heavily deformed by the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process, and the microstructural evolution during the ARB was analyzed. Significant grain refinement by grain subdivision mechanism was confirmed in all three kinds of materials. On the other hand, microstructure refinement slowed down with increasing strain and the grain size stayed in nearly a constant value in the ultrahigh strain region. The mechanism of the grain size saturation was discussed.
Electrostatic Dimension of Aligned-Array Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

Accurate electrostatics modeling of nanotubes (NTs)/nanowires (NWs) has significant implications for the ultimate scalability of aligned-array NT/NW field-effect transistors (FETs). The analysis to date has focused on limits of capacitive coupling between the 1D channel and 2D gate that is strictly relevant only in the linear response operation of NT/NW-FETs. Moreover, the techniques of electrostatic doping by independent gates that cover only part of the channel are widely used, but the nature of its electrostatic coupling has not been explored. In this paper, we use a three-dimensional, self-consistent model for NT/NW-FETs to interpret the essence of electrostatic coupling with complex configuration of electrode geometries. The interplay between 3D electric fields and its 1D termination onto the NTs/NWs suggests surprising complexity of electrostatic interaction not captured in simpler models. This coupling can change the performance metrics such as ON and OFF currents by orders of magnitude depending on (1) NT/NW density, (2) bias voltage, and (3) gate overlap length. Remarkably, this parasitic coupling persists regardless of the gate oxide thickness, changes in dielectric constant, and/or the width of the diameter distribution of NTs/NWs. The predictions of the model are systematically validated by a series of experiments.
<title>Infrared readout electronics: a historical perspective</title> (1994)

Santa Barbara Research Center, Hughes, and Hughes Technology Center have designed and built second generation readout circuits since the early 70's. This paper will discuss the evolution, problem areas, and system design drivers that drove the development of these circuits. The discussion will range from the earliest monolithic implementation of the readouts to the newer hybrid approaches which incorporate a high level of integration. Areas addressed will be the transition from NMOS or PMOS to CMOS, development of design rule's technology, yields, costs, and performance. All these topics will show how these developments affected readouts and second generation infrared sensors. We shall also speculate on the future developments in ROIC technology.
Morbid obesity: a chronic disease with an impact on wounds and related problems. (1997)

Morbid obesity is a chronic disease that manifests as a steady, slow, progressive increase in body weight. Because of both emotional and physical reasons, obese people resist pursuing healthcare and may be more difficult to care for. In taking a practical approach to skin and wound care, using an interdisciplinary team is valuable. Difficulty in assessment stems from problems such as equipment that is too small or as patient uncooperativeness. Skin/wound problems which are common, yet more difficult to manage for these patients, include pressure ulcers, tracheostomy care (potentially resulting from ventilatory insufficiency), candidiasis, tape-related skin tears, incontinence and lymphedema. In order to offer care and support to these patients and their families, clinicians must acknowledge and manage any personal prejudice they may have toward this patient population. A comprehensive patient-focused plan of care is the goal. With this article are included four annotated suggested readings introducing topics such as the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity, theoretical and practical aspects of obesity assessment, current views on obesity (such as a move back to pharmacotherapeutic treatment), and the psychological aspects of severe obesity.
Synthetic oligonucleotides as modulators of inflammation (2008)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. CpG ODN directly stimulate human B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, promote the production of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines, and trigger the maturation/activation of professional APC. CpG ODN are finding use in the treatment of cancer, allergy, and infection. In contrast, ODN containing multiple TTAGGG motifs mimic the immunosuppressive activity of self-DNA, down-regulating the production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines. Preclinical studies suggest that "suppressive" ODN may slow or prevent diseases characterized by pathologic immune stimulation, including autoimmunity and septic shock. Extensive studies in animal models suggest that the therapeutic value of CpG and TTAGGG ODN may be optimized by early administration.
Nanowire photonics (2006)

The development of integrated electronic circuitry ranks among the most disruptive and transformative technologies of the 20th century. Even though integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern life, both fundamental and technical constraints will eventually test the limits of Moore's law. Nanowire photonic circuitry constructed from myriad one-dimensional building blocks offers numerous opportunities for the development of next-generation optical information processors and spectroscopy. However, several challenges remain before the potential of nanowire building blocks is fully realized. We cover recent advances in nanowire synthesis, characterization, lasing, integration, and the eventual application to relevant technical and scientific questions.