gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (PACAP/VIP) hybrids and related peptides by rat brain membranes. (1996)

The binding to [125I]PACAP27 and adenylate cyclase activity have been investigated using rat brain membranes with substituted analogues of PACAP and VIP, including their hybrid peptides. Binding of [125I]PACAP27 was rapid, specific and reversible. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of binding site, with a Kd = 457 +/- 117 pM, and a Bmax = 2.63 +/- 0.24 pmol.mg protein-1. Hybrids of PACAP, in which specific residues were substituted with the corresponding residues of VIP, and vice versa, as well as related analogues, were then tested for binding and adenylate cyclase activity. The results showed that N-terminal residues were important for recognition. In particular, multiple substituted analogues of PACAP by VIP, and vice versa, demonstrated that positions 4, 5 and 9 play a dominant role in the recognition of PACAP Type I receptor in rat brain membranes and account for the differences observed between PACAP and VIP. Substitutions in the C-terminal region at positions 24, 25 and 26 are not crucial for recognition specificity. PACAP-analogues provide evidence that positions 1 and 6 are essential for receptor recognition. The flexibility at position 21 also appears to play a role as substitution with Ala or Phe is tolerated, while Pro shows a significant loss both in binding affinity and adenylate cyclase activity.
Efficient force exertion for aerial robotic manipulation: Exploiting the thrust-vectoring authority of a tri-tiltrotor UAV (2014)

The issue of efficient large force and moment exertion with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is the subject of this paper. Inspiration is drawn from the vision of UAVs that are capable of autonomously executing industrial activities, or effectively reconfiguring their environment via forceful interaction. Therein, the technical shortcomings of the potential utilization of conventional underactuated UAV platform designs are examined, in terms of operational effectiveness-versus-safety. The innovative implementation of the direct thrust-vectoring authority of tiltrotor UAV types for forceful interaction is proposed, and its associated technical contributions are analyzed. A methodology is developed for controlled forward thrust force and rotating moment exertion, while ensuring safe operation near the hovering attitude pose. A large force-requiring scenario is assembled, consisting of a realistically-sized object laid on solid ground, regarded as a path-hindering obstacle to be forcefully removed by the UAV via pushing manipulation. To this purpose, a high-end autonomous tiltrotor UAV is employed in order to achieve this environment modification task, relying on a properly synthesized control structure.
Nonneuronal expression of Rab3A: induction during adipogenesis and association with different intracellular membranes than Rab3D. (1995)

Rab3A is a small GTP-binding protein expressed predominantly in brain and neuroendocrine cells, in which it is associated with synaptic and synaptic-like vesicles, respectively. Here we report that adult mouse fat cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes also express Rab3A mRNA and protein. They do not express synaptophysin, an abundant protein in synaptic vesicles or synaptic-like vesicles. The amount of Rab3A mRNA and protein, like that of the highly homologous isoform Rab3D, increases severalfold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into mature adipocytes. In fat cells, most Rab3D and Rab3A protein is bound to membrane, irrespective of insulin addition. Rab3A and Rab3D are localized in different subcellular compartments, since about half of the Rab3A, but none of the Rab3D, is associated with a low-density organelle(s). Rab3D and Rab3A may be involved in different pathways of regulated exocytosis in adipocytes. Moreover, in adipocytes Rab3A may define an exocytic organelle that is different from synaptic vesicles or synaptic-like microvesicles found in neuronal and endocrine cells.
Acid-Base Behavior of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Water (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-Base Behavior of Organic Compounds in Supercritical WaterTao Xiang and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 32, 7915–7922Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100083a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100083a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Irreversible Electroporation versus Radiofrequency Ablation: A Comparison of Local and Systemic Effects in a Small-Animal Model (2016)

Purpose To compare both periablational and systemic effects of two mechanistically different types of ablation: thermal radiofrequency (RF) ablation and electroporative ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE) in appropriately selected animal models. Materials and Methods Animal experiments were performed according to a protocol approved by the Animal Care Committee of Hebrew University. Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 165) were randomized to undergo either RF or IRE ablation of noncancerous normal liver. The inflammatory response, cell proliferation, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and intactness of vessels in the liver were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours and at 3, 7, and 14 days after ablation (n = 122 for mechanistic experiments). Systemic effects were then assessed by comparing tumor formation in an Mdr2-knockout (KO) mouse model (n = 15) and tumor growth in a remote BNL 1ME hepatoma xenograft tumor (n = 28). Results were averaged and evaluated by using two-tailed t tests. Results Although RF ablation was associated with a well-defined periablational inflammatory rim, for IRE, the infiltrate penetrated the ablation zone, largely along persistently patent vessels. Peak IL-6 levels (6 hours after ablation) were 10 and three times higher than at baseline for IRE and RF, respectively (P < .03). Mdr2-KO mice that were treated with IRE ablation had more tumors that were 3 mm or larger than mice treated with RF ablation or sham operation (mean, 3.6 ± 1.3 [standard deviation] vs 2.4 ± 1.1 and 2.2 ± 0.8, respectively; P < .05 for IRE vs both RF ablation and sham operation). For BNL 1ME tumors, both RF and IRE liver ablation reduced tumor growth, with a greater effect noted for IRE (1329 mm(3) ± 586 and 819 mm(3) ± 327 vs 2241 mm(3) ± 548 for sham operation; P < .05) that was accompanied by more infiltrating lymphocytes compared with sham operation (7.6 cells per frame ± 1.9 vs 11.2 ± 2.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1; P < .05). Conclusion Persistent patency of vasculature within the coagulated zone from IRE increases the area and accumulation of infiltrative cells that is associated with a higher serum IL-6 level than RF ablation. These local changes of IRE induce more robust systemic effects, including both tumorigenic and immunogenic effects. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Performance evaluation of TH-PPM UWB systems in the presence of multiuser interference (2003)

This letter presents a new method for the evaluation of the bit error probability of a time hopping binary pulse position ultra-wideband modulation scheme, in the presence of multiuser interference. The technique permits to predict the system performance with high accuracy and reasonable complexity. A perfect agreement with simulation results is shown, and a comparison with the Gaussian approximation is presented.
VEGF blocking therapy in the treatment of cancer (2003)

It is widely accepted that tumour growth beyond a few cubic millimetres cannot occur without the induction of a new vascular supply. Inhibiting the development of new blood vessels (antiangiogenesis) is a potential approach to cancer therapy that has attracted interest in recent years. In theory, this approach should be relatively selective for tumour cells. The endothelial cells which form new vascular networks in tumours are responding to angiogenic stimuli produced by the tumour, but are themselves genetically normal. Endothelium in normal tissue, by contrast, is usually quiescent. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the best-characterised pro-angiogenic factor. It is virtually ubiquitous in human tumours, and higher levels have been correlated with more aggressive disease. Effective blockade of the VEGF pathway has been demonstrated with multiple agents: neutralising antibody, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and ribozyme or antisense molecules targeting expression. Promising preclinical data document the potential of these agents for tumour growth inhibition and even tumour regression, yet translation of novel therapeutics targeting the VEGF pathway to the clinic has proved a substantial challenge in itself. While showing clear evidence of antitumour activity over a broad spectrum of experimental tumours, the proper selection, dose, timing and sequence of anti-VEGF treatment in human cancer is not at all obvious. Classic Phase I dose escalation trial design may need to be modified, as higher doses may not be optimal in all patients or for all tumours. In addition, alternate or secondary biological end points (e.g., non-progression) may be needed for early phase studies to document true activity, so as not to abandon effective agents. Recent studies of the neutralising antibody bevacizumab, and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416, demonstrate that, while unlikely to be effective as monotherapy, incorporation of VEGF blockade into cytotoxic regimens may increase overall response rates. However, incorporation may also produce new toxicities, including thromboembolic complications and bleeding. Newer oral agents, such as SU6668, SU11248, PTK787/ZK222584 and ZD6474, are particularly interesting for their potential for chronic therapy. Future clinical trials are likely to build on past experience with stricter entry criteria, supportive care guidelines and the use of surrogate markers.
Production of the forskolin precursor 11β-hydroxy-manoyl oxide in yeast using surrogate enzymatic activities (2016)

In this study, we identify a surrogate enzyme for the specific and efficient hydroxylation of manoyl oxide at position C-11β and establish a platform that will facilitate the synthesis of a broad range of tricyclic (8,13)-epoxy-labdanes in yeast. This platform forms a basis for the heterologous production of forskolin and will facilitate the elucidation of subsequent steps of forskolin biosynthesis. In addition, this study highlights the usefulness of using surrogate enzymes for the production of intermediates of complex biosynthetic pathways. The combination of heterozygous deletions and the improved yeast strain reported here will provide a useful tool for the production of numerous other isoprenoids.
Adult Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (1995)

The persistence of the trigger of adult hemolytic-uremic syndrome sets the stage for outcome. If the trigger is transient (such as Escherichia coli colitis), the disease will not recur and is rarely lethal. If no trigger is apparent (primary hemolytic-uremic syndrome) or the trigger persists (systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer), the syndrome has a high mortality and often recurs. We suggest a new classification: (1) extrinsic hemolytic-uremic syndrome: (a) toxic, (b) infectious; (2) intrinsic hemolytic-uremic syndrome: (a) primary, (b) secondary. The use of this classification, combined with simple data obtained at presentation and a further division of the cause as transient or persistent and irreversible, may improve the selection of therapy.
Sperm morphological defects related to environment, lifestyle and medical history of 1001 male partners of pregnant women from four European cities (2001)

The present study indicated that the detailed assessment of sperm abnormalities is a useful biomarker of the effect of various external factors which may qualitatively affect human spermatogenesis.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol on Transition Metal Surfaces (2014)

Fuels and industrial chemicals that are conventionally derived from fossil resources could potentially be produced in a renewable, sustainable manner by an electrochemical process that operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, using only water, CO2, and electricity as inputs. To enable this technology, improved catalysts must be developed. Herein, we report trends in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 on a broad group of seven transition metal surfaces: Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Fe. Contrary to conventional knowledge in the field, all metals studied are capable of producing methane or methanol. We quantify reaction rates for these two products and describe catalyst activity and selectivity in the framework of CO binding energies for the different metals. While selectivity toward methane or methanol is low for most of these metals, the fact that they are all capable of producing these products, even at a low rate, is important new knowledge. This study reveals a richer surface chemistry for transition metals than previously known and provides new insights to guide the development of improved CO2 conversion catalysts.
Comparison Between DPCM and Hadamard Transform Coding in the Composite Coding of the NTSC Color TV Signal (1982)

Since differential-pulse-code modulation (DPCM) and orthogonal transform coding (OTC) are the most fundamental methods of high-efficiency coding (bit-reduction method), it is important to clarify the basic coding characteristics of these methods and the difference between them in order to utilize the bit-reduction method effectively. This paper theoretically as well as experimentally compares the coding efficiency of a DPCM having a two-dimensional predictor with that of a two-dimensional Hadamard transform coding method (HTC) in the intrafield coding of the NTSC composite signal. The comparison evidenced that the distinctive difference in coding characteristics between DPCM and HTC depends greatly on the power level of carrier chrominance signals. That is, it is confirmed theoretically and experimentally that the coding efficiency of the HTC is far lower than that of the DPCM in the case of a signal having a high power level carrier chrominance signal such as a color-bar signal.
Macrophage phagocytosis of biodegradable microspheres composed of L‐lactic acid/glycolic acid homo‐ and copolymers (1988)

Abstract A variety of biodegradable microspheres were prepared from L‐lactic acid, DL‐lactic acid, or glycolic acid homopolymers and copolymers of different molecular weights and monomer compositions. Phagocytosis of the microspheres by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied in cell culture system using scanning electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. The diameter of microspheres prepared was less than 2 μm, regardless of the starting polymers. No dependence of the chemical nature of starting polymers was observed on the extent of phagocytosis of the microspheres by macrophages. Precoating the microspheres with water‐soluble macromolecules such as proteins had great influence on phagocytosis by macrophages. It was demonstrated that precoating with bovine serum albumin and non‐proteinaceous macromolecules reduced the phagocytosis of microspheres, while bovine γ‐globulin, human fibronectin, bovine tuftsin, and gelatin precoating enhanced the phagocytosis. This trend was not influenced by the presence of serum. Only in the case of gelatin precoating, the phagocytosis was greatly enhanced by the presence of serum as compared to precoating with other proteins. Microscopic observation clearly indicated that the phagocytosed microspheres were gradually degraded in the macrophage interior with the incubation time, leading to release of a fluorescent dye encapsulated in the microspheres. The rate of microsphere degradation in cells could be controlled by changing the molecular weight and the monomer composition of the copolymers comprising the microspheres.
Biosynthesis of flavor compounds by microorganisms. 3. Production of monoterpenes by the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of flavor compounds by microorganisms. 3. Production of monoterpenes by the yeast Kluyveromyces lactisFriedrich Drawert and Heinfried BartonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 3, 765–766Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60217a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60217a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitric oxide mediates Fos expression in the spinal cord induced by mechanical noxious stimulation (1992)

Immunocytochemical localization of Fos protein was used to analyze the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the expression of Fos in the spinal cord, induced by mechanical noxious stimulation (NS). Mechanical NS was applied to the left hindpaw 30 minutes after intrathecal administration of the NO synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and the resulting Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn was compared with that obtained in rats exposed only to the mechanical NS. Pretreatment with L-NAME but not its stereoisomer N omega-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME), produced a dose-dependent suppression of Fos expression induced by mechanical noxious stimulation. These results indicate that NO modulates the expression of Fos in the dorsal horn induced by mechanical noxious stimulation and further support the hypothesis that NO is involved in nociceptive events occurring in the spinal cord in response to a peripheral noxious stimulus.
Detecting and quantifying different types of self-admitted technical Debt (2015)

Technical Debt is a term that has been used to express non-optimal solutions during the development of software projects. These non optimal solutions are often shortcuts that allow the project to move faster in the short term, at the cost of increased maintenance in the future. To help alleviate the impact of technical debt, a number of studies focused on the detection of technical debt. More recently, our work shown that one possible source to detect technical debt is using source code comments, also referred to as self-admitted technical debt. However, what types of technical debt can be detected using source code comments remains as an open question. Therefore, in this paper we examine code comments to determine the different types of technical debt. First, we propose four simple filtering heuristics to eliminate comments that are not likely to contain technical debt. Second, we read through more than 33K comments, and we find that self-admitted technical debt can be classified into five main types - design debt, defect debt, documentation debt, requirement debt and test debt. The most common type of self-admitted technical debt is design debt, making up between 42% to 84% of the classified comments. Lastly, we make the classified dataset of more than 33K comments publicly available for the community as a way to encourage future research and the evolution of the technical debt landscape.
Easy and Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized o-Quinodimethide Precursors from Fischer Carbene Complexes and Isocyanides (2002)

Highly functionalized cis- and trans-1,2-bis(trialkylsilyloxy)benzocyclobutene derivatives have been synthesized in a completely regioselective fashion from easily available Fischer alkenylcyclobutenyl(alkoxy)carbene complexes and isocyanides. This methodology can be viewed as an alternative to existing methods of synthesis of this kind of compounds and overcomes the main problem of introducing functionality in the aromatic ring. Both cis and trans derivatives underwent the expected fragmentation to generate o-quinodimethide intermediates upon thermal treatment, affording complex polycyclic structures in a stereoselective manner when heating was carried out in the presence of a range of electron deficient dienophiles.