gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical integrity in a large segmented database (1977)

A database system can generally be divided into three major components. One component supports the logical database as seen by the user. Another component maps the information into physical records. The third component, called the storage component, is responsible for mapping these records onto auxiliary storage (generally disks) and controlling their transfer to and from main storage. This paper is primarily concerned with the implementation of a storage component. It considers a simple and classical interface to the storage component: Seen at this level the database is a collection of segments. Each segment is a linear address space. A recovery scheme is first proposed for system failure (hardware or software error which causes the contents of main storage to be lost). It is based on maintaining a dual mapping between pages and their location on disk. One mapping represents the current state of a segment being modified; the other represents a previous backup state. At any time the backup state can be replaced by the current state without any data merging. Procedures for segment modification, save, and restore are analyzed. Another section proposes a facility for protection against damage to the auxiliary storage itself. It is shown how such protection can be obtained by copying on a tape (checkpoint) only those pages that have been modified since the last checkpoint.
Programmable Nano-Bio-Chip Sensors: Analytical Meets Clinical (2010)

There have been many recent advances in the nano-bio-chip analysis methodology with implications for a number of high-morbidity diseases including HIV, cancer, and heart disease. (To listen to a podcast about this article, please go to the Analytical Chemistry multimedia page at pubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html .).
Mast Cell Stabilization Reduces Hemorrhage Formation and Mortality After Administration of Thrombolytics in Experimental Ischemic Stroke (2007)

MCs appear to play an important role in HF and reperfusion injury after tPA administration. Pharmacological stabilization of MCs could offer a novel type of therapy to improve the safety of administration of thrombolytics.
Lithium-ion Battery Degradation Mechanisms and Failure Analysis Methodology (2012)

Abstract A review of the prevalent degradation mechanisms in Lithium ion batteries is presented. Degradation and eventual failure in lithium-ion batteries can occur for a variety of dfferent reasons. Degradation in storage occurs primarily due to the self-discharge mechanisms, and is accelerated during storage at elevated temperatures. The degradation and failure during use conditions is generally accelerated due to the transient power requirements, the high frequency of charge/discharge cycles and differences between the state-of-charge and the depth of discharge influence the degradation and failure process. A step-by-step methodology for conducting a failure analysis of Lithion batteries is presented. The failure analysis methodology is illustrated using a decision-tree approach, which enables the user to evaluate and select the most appropriate techniques based on the observed battery characteristics. The techniques start with non-destructive and non-intrusive steps and shift to those that are more destructive and analytical in nature as information about the battery state is gained through a set of measurements and experimental techniques.
Detection of aneuploidy in patients with cancer through amplification of long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINEs) (2018)

Aneuploidy is a feature of most cancer cells, and a myriad of approaches have been developed to detect it in clinical samples. We previously described primers that could be used to amplify ∼38,000 unique long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINEs) from throughout the genome. Here we have developed an approach to evaluate the sequencing data obtained from these amplicons. This approach, called Within-Sample AneupLoidy DetectiOn (WALDO), employs supervised machine learning to detect the small changes in multiple chromosome arms that are often present in cancers. We used WALDO to search for chromosome arm gains and losses in 1,677 tumors and in 1,522 liquid biopsies of blood from cancer patients or normal individuals. Aneuploidy was detected in 95% of cancer biopsies and in 22% of liquid biopsies. Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the amplified LINEs, WALDO concomitantly assesses allelic imbalances, microsatellite instability, and sample identification. WALDO can be used on samples containing only a few nanograms of DNA and as little as 1% neoplastic content and has a variety of applications in cancer diagnostics and forensic science.
Intragenic reversion mutations that improve export of maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli malE signal sequence mutants. (1986)

Escherichia coli strains harboring malE signal sequence point mutations accumulate export-defective precursor maltose-binding protein (MBP) in the cytoplasm. Beginning with these mutants, a number of spontaneous intragenic revertants have been obtained in which export of the MBP to the periplasm is either partially or totally restored. With a single exception, each of the reversion mutations resulted in an increase in the overall hydrophobicity of the signal peptide hydrophobic core by one of five different mechanisms. In some revertants, MBP export was achieved at a rate comparable to the wild type MBP; in other cases, the rate of MBP export was significantly slower than wild type. The results indicate that the overall hydrophobicity of the signal peptide, rather than the absolute length of its uninterrupted hydrophobic core, is a major determinant of MBP export competency. An alteration at residue 19 of the mature MBP also has been identified that provides fairly efficient suppression of the export defect in the adjacent signal peptide, further suggesting that important export information may reside in this region of the precursor protein.
Chromatin Boundaries, Insulators, and Long-Range Interactions in the Nucleus (2010)

Within the genome, expressed genes marked by "open" chromatin are often adjacent to silent, heterochromatic regions. There are also regions containing neighboring active genes with different programs of expression. In both cases, DNA sequence elements may function as insulators, either providing barriers that prevent the incursion of heterochromatic signals into open domains or acting to block inappropriate contact between the enhancer of one gene and the promoter of another. The mechanisms associated with insulation are diverse: Enhancer-blocking insulation is largely associated with the ability to stabilize the formation of loop domains within the nucleus. Barrier insulation is often associated with the ability to block propagation of silencing histone modifications. Here, we provide examples of both kinds of insulator action, derived initially from studies of the compound insulator element at the 5' end of the chicken β-globin locus. Such elements appear to have more general regulatory roles in the genome that have been exploited to provide insulator function where necessary to demarcate separate domains within the nucleus.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. New orally active antihypertensive (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives (1985)

A variety of N-substituted (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives was synthesized and their ability in inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was examined in vitro and in vivo. The acylthio derivatives prepared are assumed to act as prodrugs since they are much less active than the corresponding free SH compounds in vitro and can be expected to act in vivo only after conversion to the free sulfhydryl compounds. A number of these compounds are potent ACE inhibitors that lowered blood pressure in Na-deficient, conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a high renin model. One of the most active members of the series was (S)-N-cyclopentyl-N-[3-[(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)thio]-2-methyl-1 -oxopropyl]glycine (REV 3659-(S), pivopril). Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
1,2,4-Triazoles. XVI. Derivatives of the s-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Ring System1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2,4-Triazoles. XVI. Derivatives of the s-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Ring System1K. T. Potts and R. M. HusebyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3528–3531Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views795Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New cytotoxic agents and molecular-targeted therapies in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. (2002)

Cytotoxic chemotherapy is important for treatment of patients with hormone-insensitive advanced breast cancer. A variety of new cytotoxic agents are promising alone or in combination. The originality, the clinical activity and side effects, as well as the current development status of these agents are reviewed. These agents include the new antimicrotubules (analogues of taxanes and vinorelbine; epothilone derivatives), oral formulations of 5-fluorouracil and other antimetabolites (tomudex, alimta, gemcitabine), liposomal anthracyclines, platinum analogues, topoisomerase I inhibitors and other compounds such as ET-743. Finally, new molecular-targeted therapies of potential interest in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer are reviewed. The growing availability of such biological therapies given alone and mainly in combination with hormonal and chemotherapeutic agents may improve in the near future the outcome of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
The Beltsville sperm sexing technology: high-speed sperm sorting gives improved sperm output for in vitro fertilization and AI (1999)

The Beltsville sperm sexing technology is currently the only effective means of altering the sex ratio of offspring in livestock. The method is based on the flow-cytometric separation of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm based on X/Y DNA content difference. It is an effective means of producing progeny of predetermined sex in cattle, swine, sheep, and laboratory animals. The method involves treating sperm with a DNA-binding fluorochrome, Hoechst 33342, and flow-cytometrically sorting them into separate X and Y populations that can subsequently be used for surgical intratubal or intrauterine insemination, deep-uterine insemination, regular artificial insemination in some cases, in vitro fertilization to produce sexed embryos for transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection of ova. Skewed sex ratios of 85 to 95% of one sex or the other have been repeatably achieved in most species. The method has been used worldwide to produce several hundred morphologically normal animal offspring of the predicted sex. It has also been validated in the laboratory using DNA reanalysis of the sorted sperm populations and by fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR of individual sperm. We developed a new orienting nozzle that we have fitted to both conventional and high-speed cell sorters that have been modified for sperm sorting. Recently we completed the adaptation of the new orienting nozzle to a Cytomation MoFlo high-speed cell sorter modified for sperm. This adaptation of the nozzle has increased the overall production rate of sorted X and Y sperm from about .35 million/h to 5 or 6 million sperm/h (each population). Calves have been born from cows artificially inseminated using conventional technique and sexed sperm. In addition, numerous litters of pigs have been born after transfer of embryos produced from X or Y sorted sperm.
High-ThroughputGiardia lambliaViability Assay Using Bioluminescent ATP Content Measurements (2010)

The human pathogen Giardia lamblia is an anaerobic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis, one of the most common diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although several drugs are available for the treatment of giardiasis, drug resistance has been reported and is likely to increase, and recurrent infections are common. The search for new drugs that can overcome the drug-resistant strains of Giardia is an unmet medical need. New drug screen methods can facilitate the drug discovery process and aid with the identification of new drug targets. Using a bioluminescent ATP content assay, we have developed a phenotypic drug screen method to identify compounds that act against the actively growing trophozoite stage of the parasite. This assay is homogeneous, robust, and suitable for high-throughput screening of large compound collections. A screen of 4,096 pharmacologically active small molecules and approved drugs revealed 43 compounds with selective anti-Giardia properties, including 32 previously reported and 11 novel anti-Giardia agents. The most potent novel compound was fumagillin, which showed 50% inhibitory concentrations of 10 nM against the WB isolate and 2 nM against the GS isolate.
Unusual Kinetic Isotope Effects of Deuterium Reinforced Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Tocopherol-Mediated Free Radical Chain Oxidations (2013)

Substitution of -CD2- at the reactive centers of linoleic and linolenic acids reduces the rate of abstraction of D by a tocopheryl radical by as much as 36-fold, compared to the abstraction of H from a corresponding -CH2- center. This H atom transfer reaction is the rate-determining step in the tocopherol-mediated peroxidation of lipids in human low-density lipoproteins, a process that has been linked to coronary artery disease. The unanticipated large kinetic isotope effects reported here for the tocopherol-mediated oxidation of linoleic and linolenic acids and esters suggests that tunneling makes this process favorable.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Urinary Thrombopoietin (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies (MA) to a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) were obtained from hybridomas derived from the fusion of P3 X 63/Ag 8 cells and spleen cells from TSF-immunized BALB/c mice. The immunizing protein was a partially purified TSF-rich preparation from the urine of a thrombocytopenic patient, and was shown to stimulate platelet production in rebound-thrombocytotic mice; i.e., platelet counts of recipient mice were increased to 133% of control and the values for percentage 35S incorporation into platelets were elevated to 225% of control. Media from several hybrid cultures were tested in a microantibody detection technique that measured the binding of MA to a 125I-purified TSF preparation from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. The immune complex was precipitated by the addition of goat anti-mouse IgG serum and centrifugation. One clone gave 25% binding of 125I-TSF after a sevenfold dilution of the medium. This cell line was recloned and four of the subclones produced MA that gave even greater binding capacities. Hybridized cells were injected into "pristane-primed" mice and the antibodies produced in the ascites fluid were also shown to bind the 125I-TSF. Compared to the results of normal mouse serum, ascites fluid containing MA was shown to bind the unlabeled TSF from HEK cells. The TSF activity was significantly reduced in the supernatant fluid after precipitating the TSF-anti-TSF immune complex by a second antibody when tested in an immunothrombocythemic mouse assay. After SDS-PAGE, the precipitate from this TSF-MA conjugate showed that the antiserum bound a single 32,000 mol wt component, indicating the monospecificity of the MA. MA directed toward human TSF will allow studies that were not previously possible.
Activation of p21ras by transforming growth factor beta in epithelial cells. (1992)

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) family members are ubiquitously expressed and control a variety of cellular processes by interacting with at least two types of high affinity cell surface receptors. However, the primary signal transduction mechanism of the receptors is unknown. The ras-encoded 21-kDa GTP binding proteins have recently been shown to mediate the effects of other polypeptide growth factors. Here we show that both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 (5 ng/ml) result in a rapid (within 6 or 12 min, respectively) stimulation of GTP bound to p21ras in TGF beta-sensitive intestinal epithelial cells. Further, the CCL64 epithelial cell line, extremely sensitive to growth inhibition by TGF beta, displayed a concentration-dependent increase in GTP bound to p21ras by TGF beta 1 and a rapid activation of p21ras by TGF beta 2. The results provide the first direct evidence for rapid activation of a receptor coupling component for TGF beta in epithelial cells.
Fatty Acids and Insulin Resistance (1996)

We have demonstrated that physiological elevations in plasma free fatty acid concentrations inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner in normal control subjects and in patients with NIDDM. Two possible mechanisms were identified: 1) a fat-related inhibition of glucose transport or phosphorylation that appeared after 3-4 h of fat infusion and 2) a decrease in muscle glycogen synthase activity that appeared after 4-6 h of fat infusion. We conclude that elevations of plasma FFAs caused insulin resistance and hence may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and NIDDM.
Involvement of Two Types of TNF Receptor in TNF‐α Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis (1996)

We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces rapid human neutrophil apoptosis. In this paper, we examined which of the TNF receptors, p55 kDa TNF receptor (55-R) or p75 kDa TNF receptor (75-R), or both are involved in this process using specific rabbit antisera. Antibodies to 55-R (anti55-R) or 75-R (anti75-R) alone did not induce neutrophil apoptosis. Further addition of cycloheximide and anti-rabbit immunoglobulin to anti55-R but not to anti75-R accelerated apoptosis, although anti75-R augmented the capacity of anti55-R to do so. These results suggest that 55-R is a prerequisite for TNF-alpha induced neutrophil apoptosis.
A Novel Active Learning Method in Relevance Feedback for Content-Based Remote Sensing Image Retrieval (2014)

Conventional relevance feedback (RF) schemes improve the performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) requiring the user to annotate a large number of images. To reduce the labeling effort of the user, this paper presents a novel active learning (AL) method to drive RF for retrieving remote sensing images from large archives in the framework of the support vector machine classifier. The proposed AL method is specifically designed for CBIR and defines an effective and as small as possible set of relevant and irrelevant images with regard to a general query image by jointly evaluating three criteria: uncertainty; diversity; and density of images in the archive. The uncertainty and diversity criteria aim at selecting the most informative images in the archive, whereas the density criterion goal is to choose the images that are representative of the underlying distribution of data in the archive. The proposed AL method assesses jointly the three criteria based on two successive steps. In the first step, the most uncertain (i.e., ambiguous) images are selected from the archive on the basis of the margin sampling strategy. In the second step, the images that are both diverse (i.e., distant) to each other and associated to the high-density regions of the image feature space in the archive are chosen from the most uncertain images. This step is achieved by a novel clustering-based strategy. The proposed AL method for driving the RF contributes to mitigate problems of unbalanced and biased set of relevant and irrelevant images. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed AL method.
Neuronal responsiveness in the ventrobasal thalamic complex of rats with an experimental peripheral mononeuropathy (1990)

1. Single-unit recordings were made, under moderate gaseous anesthesia (33% O2-66% N2O + 0.5/0.6% halothane), in the ventrobasal (VB) thalamic complex of rats (n = 42) with a mononeuropathy created 2-3 wk beforehand, by four loose ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. Before the recording session, three behavioral nociceptive tests to both mechanical and thermal stimuli revealed that these rats exhibited clear hyperalgesia (excessive reactions to noxious stimuli) and allodynia (nociceptive reactions to stimuli usually perceived as nonnoxious). 2. Neurons, characterized by their responses to manual mechanical stimuli, were classified into two groups: group 1 neurons exclusively driven by light tactile stimuli applied to the receptive field (RF), strictly contralateral to the recording site; and group 2 neurons, driven by sustained pinch applied to a large RF, often bilateral. 3. From the total population of neurons (n = 386), only those responding to stimuli applied to one posterior paw were studied; the proportion (35-40%) of these cells was comparable in each of the two VB: n = 93/262 and 44/124 in the VB contralateral (VBc) and ipsilateral (VBi) to the damaged nerve, respectively. The proportions of each functional group of neurons (group 1 or 2) were also similar on each side. 4. For all group 1 neurons the RFs size was comparable to that observed in normal rats. In the VBi the responses of these neurons presented the classical response pattern observed for VB neurons involved in touch transmission, as did the VBc group 1 neurons with RFs in the saphenous (Sa) territory. In sharp contrast, activities of VBc group 1 neurons with RFs in the sciatic (Sc) nerve territory exhibited several abnormalities: higher background activity, fading of the response with repetitive stimulation, and afterdischarges outlasting the applied stimulus. 5. As in normal rats, 52% of VB group 2 neurons exhibited bilateral symmetrical RFs. Their responses to mechanical stimuli were often greater for stimuli applied to the affected paw, and some of them could be activated by moderate pressure to this paw. Heat responses also illustrated the profound increased sensitivity of the lesioned side, and the activation threshold to thermal stimulation of these group 2 neurons was lowered by 4-6 degrees C compared to normal values. In addition, these neurons responded to immersion of the lesioned paw in a 10 degrees C water bath, a stimulus that was ineffective when applied to the opposite paw.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)