gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the effect of peroxisomal β‐oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity by eicosapentaenoic acid in liver and heart from rats (1990)

Repeated administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (as ethyl ester) resulted in a decrease in plasma triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This was accompanied by a stimulation in the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the liver. The results suggest that the triglyceride-lowering effect observed with eicosapentaenoic acid may be due to a reduced supply of fatty acids for hepatic triglyceride synthesis because of increased fatty acid oxidation. Eicosapentaenoic acid feeding marginally affected the triglyceride content of heart and mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzyme activities.
Towards prediction of cognate complexes between the WW domain and proline‐rich ligands (1996)

The WW domain is a structured protein module found in a wide range of regulatory, cytoskeletal, and signaling molecules. Its ligands contain proline-rich sequences, some of which show a core consensus of XPPXY that is critical for binding. In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular and biological functions of WW domains, we decided to predict their cognate ligands by searching databases for proteins containing the XPPXY consensus. Using several axioms that take into account evolutionary conservation and functional similarity, we have identified four groups of proteins representing candidate ligands that signal through known or unknown WW domains. These include viral Gag proteins, sodium channels, interleukin receptors, and a subgroup of serine/threonine kinases. In addition, we proposed that dystrophin and beta-dystroglycan bind through the WW-XPPXY link and that interference with this interaction could result in muscular dystrophy. Our study provides guidelines for experiments to probe the molecular and biological functions of the WW domain-ligand connection. Should these predictions be proven empirically, the results may have important ramifications for basic research and medicine.
Substrate Deacylation Mechanisms of Serine-.BETA.-lactamases (2006)

The substrate deacylation mechanisms of serine-beta-lactamases (classes A, C and D) were investigated by theoretical calculations. The deacylation of class A proceeds via four elementary reactions. The rate-determining process is the tetrahedral intermediate (TI) formation and the activation energy is 24.6 kcal/mol at the DFT level. The deacylation does not proceed only by Glu166, which acts as a general base, but Lys73 also participates in the reaction. The C3-carboxyl group of the substrate reduces the barrier height at the TI formation (substrate-assisted catalysis). In the case of class C, the deacylation consists of two elementary processes. The activation energy of the TI formation has been estimated to be 30.5 kcal/mol. Tyr150Oeta is stabilized in the deprotonated state in the acyl-enzyme complex and works as a general base. This situation can exist due to the interaction with two positively charged side chains of lysine (Lys67 and Lys315). The deacylation of class D also consists of two elementary reaction processes. The activation energy of the TI formation is ca. 30 kcal/mol. It is thought that the side chain of Lys70 is deprotonated and acts as a general base. When Lys70 is carbamylated, the activation energy is reduced to less than 20 kcal/mol. This suggests that the high hydrolysis activity of class D with carbamylated Lys70 is due to the reduction of activation energy for deacylation. From these results, it is concluded that the contribution of the lysine residue adjacent to the serine residue is indispensable for the enzymatic reactions by serine-beta-lactamases.
Using DNA Fragments as Probes (1993)

All hybridization methods depend upon the ability of denatured DNA to reanneal when complementary strands are present in an environment near but below their Tm (melting temperature). A detailed procedure is described in which bacteriophage plaques or bacterial colonies bound to a filter membrane are detected by hybridization with a radioactive probe. Hybridization proceeds on prewet filters placed in a sealable plastic bag. After hybridization the filters are removed from the sealed bag, excess probe is washed off, and the filters are autoradiographed to identify the clones that have hybridized with the probe. An Alternate Protocol differs mainly in that formamide is not used in the hybridization solution.
Meridian Oil finds success with horizontal wells (1989)

This article discusses how Meridian Oil is proving that a U.S.-based independent can make horizontal drilling and production a viable alternative for economically producing hard-to-recover reserves. The company has 43 horizontal wells drilled in North Dakota, Montana, South Dakota, Alabama, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Meridian's success is attributed to several factors. First, from a technology standpoint, Meridian has had a 100% success rate in mechanically drilling its horizontal wells. Second, Meridan's managerial approach has allowed decisions about the drilling and completion program to be made quickly and, in many cases, right at the well site. This combination has allowed drilling costs to drop dramatically since the company's initial horizontal well.
Wind Farm Configuration and Energy Efficiency Studies - Series DC versus AC Layouts (2006)

In this thesis, the design and control of a wind farm utilizing series-connected wind turbines with a DC output has been evaluated. The advantage is that a suitable DC voltage level, appropriate for transmission of the generated power directly, without using a large centralized DC/DC converter, can be obtained. This is achieved by series-connecting a number of wind turbines. In addition, the energy production using various wind turbines and wind park layouts have been investigated. Furthermore, the energy production costs have been determined. Finally, the limiting factors for the installation of smaller wind parks have been evaluated. For instance, when dynamic power pulsations have to be considered, from a power quality point of view, when a wind energy installation is to be connected to the grid.The results found are that the uneven power production from the individual wind turbines creates design as well as control difficulties for the wind farm with series-connected wind turbines. A control scheme for the wind turbines is proposed and investigated in this thesis. It is found that the proposed control scheme manages to safely operate the wind farm, even when large deviations in the individual power production of the turbines exist. A down-scaled prototype has been built, representing one wind turbine unit, and the base current control ability was verified experimentally.Moreover, it is found that it is necessary to design the individual wind turbine converters for a voltage level of about 35 % higher than the nominal voltage. Otherwise there will be a substantial energy loss due to the uneven power production from the individual wind turbines that occurs in actual installation.In addition, it is found that the series dc wind park has a good economical potential, since it eliminates the need for an offshore platform in the wind park.Finally, the electrical limiting factors for the installation of wind farms are determined using field experimental data. For instance, it is shown that for a wind park of about 10 wind turbines, the power pulsations are "smoothened" sufficiently so that the flicker emission never will be the limiting factor, even for fixed-speed turbines, when a wind energy installation is connected to a network. Worth mentioning is that it was found that the summation formula for flicker given in IEC 61400-21 can give a flicker prediction that is too low.
Effects of prednisone, aspirin, and acetaminophen on an in vivo biologic response to interferon in humans (1988)

In healthy volunteers receiving a single intramuscular dose of 18 X 10(6) U interferon alone or after 24 hours of an 8-day course of prednisone (40 mg/day), aspirin (650 mg every 4 hours), or acetaminophen (650 mg every 4 hours), the magnitude of the biologic response to interferon was quantified by measuring the time course of the induction of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Prednisone decreased the AUC of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity (p less than 0.05), whereas administration of aspirin or acetaminophen did not affect this biologic response. No measurable effect was seen during administration of prednisone, aspirin, or acetaminophen on the duration or intensity of vesicular stomatitis virus yield reduction. The side effects seen with interferon administration at the dose tested were not altered in a clinically meaningful manner by prednisone, aspirin, or acetaminophen.
Genetic relationships among Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and candidate leprosy vaccine strains determined by DNA hybridization: identification of an M. leprae-specific repetitive sequence (1989)

Comparative DNA hybridization studies of genomic DNA indicated that, while different isolates of armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae have a high degree of homology, binding of M. leprae genomic DNA to DNA of other species of mycobacteria or to corynebacteria was low, establishing that M. leprae is only remotely genetically related to any of the species examined. Several candidate leprosy vaccine mycobacterial strains were similarly found to have little genetic similarity to M. leprae. In contrast, the DNAs of the slow-growing mycobacteria M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. bovis, and M. microti were found to be very closely related. In the course of these studies, an M. leprae-specific repetitive sequence, greater than 15-fold per genome equivalent, was identified that might be useful for diagnostic and epidemiological studies.
Radionuclide Generators (1984)

A generator has been developed to produce multimillicurie amounts of 30.6 second Au-195m. Gold-195m, a daughter isotope of 41.6 hour Hg-195m, is eluted as neutral and sterile sodium thiosulphatoaurate (I) complex, and as such, is indicated for dynamic studies in cardiology. Mercury-195m is produced by irradiation of gold targets with 28 MeV protons, yielding by the (p,3n) nuclear reaction Hg-195m and Hg-195 (9.9 hours) at rates of 4.6 and 12 mCi/µAh, respectively. Mercury is separated from irradiated gold by distillation and collection in nitric acid. This solution is neutralized and loaded on a column of silica gel modified with metallic sulphide. Columns are eluted at 3-5 minute intervals with a solution containing 29.8 mg/ml sodium thiosulphate, pentahydrate and 10 mg/ml sodium nitrate.Yields of Au-195m vary between 24-45% of theory, depending on the total Hg activity and the generator production method. Gold-195m is obtained in 3-4 seconds by eluting with 2 ml under pressure. Contamination of the eluate with mercury isotopes decreases after about 20 elutions to 0.4 - 0.8 µCi Hg-195m/mCi Au-195m.
Characterisation of functional inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor by Fos/Jun. (1991)

We have studied the effects of Fos and Fos/Jun on glucocorticoid induction of hormone-sensitive gene expression. In NIH3T3 cells overexpression of Fos or Fos/Jun by transfection of pSV2-fos and pSV2-jun inhibited glucocorticoid-dependent expression of MMTV LTR-CAT. Expression of p39v-mos had a similar effect on glucocorticoid-dependent reporter gene expression which is most likely mediated by simulation of endogenous Fos. In both cases, this inhibition could be overcome by overexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from a transiently transfected expression vector. In receptor deficient CV-1 cells glucocorticoid-dependent reporter gene expression was induced by a range of functional GR truncation mutants. It was established that the C/D domain of the receptor was a sufficient target for inhibition by Fos and Fos/Jun. The C/D domain encompasses the DNA-binding domain, a dimerisation domain and a weak transactivational domain of the GR. When present simultaneously in the cell nucleus Fos and Jun were shown to form a specific and stable protein/protein complex with the glucocorticoid receptor. Finally, it was demonstrated that the GR interacts physically with both Fos and Jun when cotranslated simultaneously in vitro. We propose that this interaction may be the mechanism by which Fos or Fos/Jun bring about inhibition of GR function.
Cytokines and therapeutic oligonucleotides. (1997)

Therapeutic oligonucleotides - short strands of synthetic nucleic acids - encompass antisense and aptamer oligonucleotides. Antisense oligonucleotides are designed to bind to target RNA by complementary base pairing and to inhibit translation of the target protein. Antisense oligonucleotides enable specific inhibition of cytokine synthesis. In contrast, aptamer oligonucleotides are able to bind directly to specific proteins. This binding depends on the sequence of the oligonucleotide. Aptamer oligonucleotides with CpG motifs can exert strong immunostimulatory effects. Both kinds of therapeutic oligonucleotides - antisense and aptamer oligonucleotides - provide promising tools to modulate immunological functions. Recently, therapeutic oligonucleotides have moved towards clinical application. An antisense oligonucleotide directed against the proinflammatory intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is currently being tested in clinical trials for therapy of inflammatory disease. Immunostimulatory aptamer oligonucleotides are in preclinical development for immunotherapy. In the present review we summarize the application of therapeutic oligonucleotides to modulate immunological functions. We include technological aspects as well as current therapeutic concepts and clinical studies.
Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms among the Elderly (1997)

We examined the effect of a series of common stressful life events on change in depressive symptoms among the elderly. The subjects were 1,962 noninstitutionalized people 65 years of age or older from the New Haven EPESE project. Multivariate regression models revealed that 8 of 11 stressful life events examined predicted change in depressive symptoms at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms age, socioeconomic factors, functional status, and chronic conditions. In addition, the total number of stressful life events was significantly associated with higher CES-D depression scores. A dose-response relationship between cumulative life event stress and change in depressive symptoms was also shown. These results suggest that certain common life event stressors may have an impact on mental health, both singly and in combination.
Appetite control (2005)

Our understanding of the physiological systems that regulate food intake and body weight has increased immensely over the past decade. Brain centres, including the hypothalamus, brainstem and reward centres, signal via neuropeptides which regulate energy homeostasis. Insulin and hormones synthesized by adipose tissue reflect the long-term nutritional status of the body and are able to influence these circuits. Circulating gut hormones modulate these pathways acutely and result in appetite stimulation or satiety effects. This review discusses central neuronal networks and peripheral signals which contribute energy homeostasis, and how a loss of the homeostatic process may result in obesity. It also considers future therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.
Increased wound-breaking strength induced by insulin-like growth factor I in combination with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. (1994)

We concluded that IGF-I is a potent stimulant of incisional wound healing, but if administered without other growth factors, its effects can only be shown when it is combined with one of its specific binding proteins.
Identification of the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sand flyLutzomyia longipalpis, vector ofLeishmania chagasi (2004)

Using massive cDNA sequencing, proteomics and customized computational biology approaches, we have isolated and identified the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Out of 550 randomly isolated clones from a full-length salivary gland cDNA library, we found 143 clusters or families of related proteins. Out of these 143 families, 35 were predicted to be secreted proteins. We confirmed, by Edman degradation of Lu. longipalpis salivary proteins, the presence of 17 proteins from this group. Full-length sequence for 35 cDNA messages for secretory proteins is reported, including an RGD-containing peptide, three members of the yellow-related family of proteins, maxadilan, a PpSP15-related protein, six members of a family of putative anticoagulants, an antigen 5-related protein, a D7-related protein, a cDNA belonging to the Cimex apyrase family of proteins, a protein homologous to a silk protein with amino acid repeats resembling extracellular matrix proteins, a 5'-nucleotidase, a peptidase, a palmitoyl-hydrolase, an endonuclease, nine novel peptides and four different groups of proteins with no homologies to any protein deposited in accessible databases. Sixteen of these proteins appear to be unique to sand flies. With this approach, we have tripled the number of isolated secretory proteins from this sand fly. Because of the relationship between the vertebrate host immune response to salivary proteins and protection to parasite infection, these proteins are promising markers for vector exposure and attractive targets for vaccine development to control Leishmania chagasi infection.
A new series of organoboranes. VII. The preparation of poly‐m‐carboranylenesiloxanes (1966)

Abstract This paper describes the preparation of the first members of a new series of polysiloxanes characterized by having m ‐carborane nuclei in the backbone of the polymers. Although neither hydrolysis of 1,7‐bis(chlorodialkylsilyl)‐ m ‐carborane monomers nor catalytic dehydration of the corresponding dihydroxy compounds would proceed to give the type of polysiloxanes desired, the polymers were readily prepared by the ferric chloridecatalyzed elimination of an alkyl halide from equimolar mixtures of dichloro‐ and dialkoxysilanes. This technique allowed the systematic introduction of dialkylsiloxy groups between m ‐carborane nuclei. Characterization of the polymers is described as well as differential scanning calorimetry studies which show the prime members of the series to be thermally stable to 500°C. and oxidatively stable to about 350°C.
A concept of humoral immunity among ruminants and an approach to its investigation. (1981)

My goal has been to piece together bits of information, both old and new, so as to provide you with some concepts of humoral immune function. Specifically I have described concepts of secretory immunity in two different organ systems, the lower respiratory tract and the mammary gland. Should these concepts not even survive this meeting or be proven incorrect by future research, I hope I have at least stimulated your thinking with an alternative view and challenged you to saw off the limb I have put myself on with the concepts I have presented. More than mere conjectural hypotheses, I have presented some data on the ELISA out of my belief that one approach to establishing concepts in humoral immunity depends on the ability to accurately and quantitatively measure the distribution of antibodies among isotypes. I have also shared with you some preliminary data on the transport of SIgA into bile and other secretion which will hopefully encourage others to finally establish the quantitative significance of locally synthesized versus serum-derived IgA in the various exocrine secretions of ruminants. Finally, I have dared to take ruminant immunoglobulin homology "back to sea"; perhaps this last topic will stimulate your palate if not your mind.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived CD63 + Exosomes Transport Wnt3a Exteriorly and Enhance Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis In Vitro (2017)

Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that regulate stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and cell-to-cell communication during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to stimulate dermis repair and regeneration; however, it is unclear how BM-MSCs may modulate downstream Wnt signaling. While recent reports implicate that Wnt ligands and Wnt messenger RNAs (such as Wnt4) exist within the interior compartment of exosomes, it has been debated whether or not Wnts exist on the exterior surface of exosomes to travel in the extracellular space. To help answer this question, we utilized flow cytometry of magnetic beads coated with anti-CD63 antibodies and found, for the first time, that Wnt3a protein is detectable exteriorly on CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes derived from BM-MSCs over-secreting Wnt3a into serum-free conditioned media (Wnt3a CM). Our data suggest that CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes significantly help transport exterior Wnt3a signal to recipient cells to promote fibroblast and endothelial functions. During purification of exosomes, we unexpectedly found that use of ultracentrifugation alone significantly decreased the ability to detect exteriorly bound Wnt3a on CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes, however, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated exosome-enrichment before exosome-purification (with ultracentrifugation into a sucrose cushion) resulted in exosomes more likely to retain exterior Wnt3a detectability and downstream Wnt/beta-catenin activity. Our findings indicate the important role that purification methods may have on stem cell-derived Wnt-exosome activity in downstream assays. The ability for BM-MSC Wnt3a CM and exosomes to stimulate dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration, and endothelial angiogenesis in vitro, was significantly decreased after CD63<sup>+</sup>-exosome depletion or knockdown of Wnt coreceptor LRP6 in recipient cells, suggesting both are required for optimal Wnt-exosome activity in our system. Thus, BM-MSC-derived CD63<sup>+</sup> exosomes are a significant carrier of exterior Wnt3a within high Wnt environments, resulting in downstream fibroblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro.
Reflection-mode multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2013)

Compared with single-focus optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), multifocal OR-PAM utilizes both multifocal optical illumination and an ultrasonic array transducer, significantly increasing the imaging speed. A reflection-mode multifocal OR-PAM system based on a microlens array that provides multiple foci as well as an ultrasonic array transducer that receives the excited photoacoustic waves from all foci simultaneously is presented. Using a customized microprism to reflect the incident laser beam to the microlens array, the multiple optical foci are aligned confocally with the focal zone of the ultrasonic array transducer. Experiments show the reflection-mode multifocal OR-PAM is capable of imaging microvessels in vivo, and it can image a 6×5×2.5 mm³ volume at 16 μm lateral resolution in ∼2.5 min, which was limited by the signal multiplexing ratio and laser pulse repetition rate.