gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eutectic‐Based Ionic Liquids with Metal‐Containing Anions and Cations (2007)

Eutectic mixtures of zinc chloride and donor molecules such as urea and acetamide are described and it is proposed that these constitute a new class of ionic liquids. FAB-MS analysis shows that the liquids are made up of metal-containing anions and cations in which the donor is coordinated to the cation. Data on the viscosity, conductivity, density, phase behaviour and surface tension are presented and these are shown to be significantly different to other related ionic liquids that incorporate quaternary ammonium salts. The conductivity and viscosity are comparable with other ionic liquids and the data fit well to the Hole theory model recently proposed.
Proxy servers for scalable interactive video support (2001)

Targeting scalability, load balance and resource efficiency in streaming multimedia applications, proxy servers facilitate faster real-time access to cached objects and reduce response time to document requests.
Thin Film Biosensor for Rapid Detection of mecA from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

The reported incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in hospitals has increased from 2% in 1974 to 50% in 1997 (1). In addition, MRSA is emerging as a community-acquired pathogen. Resistance is most often mediated by the mecA gene, which encodes an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP-2A) with low affinity for β-lactam antibiotics. Rapid identification of the mecA gene is important for implementation of appropriate antibiotic therapy.

MRSA is identified by either culture or molecular methods. Routine culture methods require two sequential steps, one to isolate S. aureus and the second to determine antibiotic susceptibility (2). Recently, molecular methods, including PCR, branched DNA, and cycling probe assays, have been described that identify mecA sequences from individual S. aureus colonies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). These methods are sensitive and specific, but they all require instrumentation to interpret the results.

In this report, we describe a thin film biosensor for qualitative visual detection of mecA either directly from a single S. aureus colony or from a PCR amplification reaction. The technology allows direct visual detection of the interaction of target DNA sequences with complementary oligonucleotide probes immobilized to an optically coated silicon chip (8). The key assay steps for thin film formation are: (a) simultaneous hybridization of the target sequence to covalently attached surface capture probe and solution-phase biotinylated detector probes; (b) binding of anti-biotin antibody enzyme conjugate to the annealed detector probes; and (c) mass deposition through enzyme-catalyzed precipitation (Fig. 1A⇓ ). The thin film alters the interference pattern of light on the surface, producing a perceived color change. Composition of the optical layers is designed such that small …
Genetic progression and heterogeneity associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2001)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a common fatal cancer, and Shanxi province, a region in north-central China, has some of the highest esophageal cancer rates in the world. Chromosomal regions with frequent allelic loss may point to major susceptibility genes that will assist us in understanding the molecular events involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and may serve as the basis for the development of markers for genetic susceptibility and screening for early detection of this cancer. This study was designed to identify events in the molecular progression of precursor and invasive lesions of squamous esophageal cancer. Twelve marker loci identified during our previous studies as having some of the highest rates of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in invasive esophageal cancer were evaluated in laser-microdissected DNA obtained from low- and high-grade dysplastic lesions and invasive tumor foci from 10 fully embedded esophageal resection specimens. Each resection specimen contained a spectrum of disease, from epithelium that appeared histologically normal to invasive cancer, including a single dominant tumor surrounded by a region of precursor lesions (low- and high-grade dysplasia) and occasional "remote," nonadjacent precancerous foci. Using the 12 polymorphic markers, LOH was found in all of the three stages of disease. The frequency of LOH for all of the markers together increased with increasing disease severity. Among the informative low-grade dysplasia samples, LOH was detected with markers D3S1766 (3p), D4S2632 (4p), D9S910 (9q), and D13S1493 (13q), suggesting that LOH at these loci may be associated with early stages of tumor initiation and/or progression. LOH was detected among the informative high-grade (but not low-grade) dysplasia samples for the other eight markers tested, suggesting that LOH at these loci may occur later in the neoplastic process. In addition to the association between disease progression and these genetic changes, considerable genetic heterogeneity was found in each fully embedded resection specimen both between and within geographically separate neoplastic lesions.
Longterm experience with low dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. (1990)

Longterm prospective studies (several of greater than 5 years' duration) report sustained efficacy with low dose weekly methotrexate. A "steroid-sparing" effect has been noted with methotrexate in 2 of the studies. Of 230 patients enrolled in prospective studies, only 8% stopped therapy due to toxicity and 3% due to lack of efficacy. Life table analysis projected that 63% of these patients would receive therapy for 6 years. Even though adverse experiences were frequent, serious reactions have been rare in the published studies.
Total Structures of Cryptophycins, Potent Antitumor Depsipeptides from the Blue-Green Alga Nostoc sp. Strain GSV 224 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Structures of Cryptophycins, Potent Antitumor Depsipeptides from the Blue-Green Alga Nostoc sp. Strain GSV 224Golakoti Trimurtulu, Ikuko Ohtani, Gregory M. L. Patterson, Richard E. Moore, Thomas H. Corbett, Frederick A. Valeriote, and Lisa DemchikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4729–4737Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1174Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative efficacy of patient-controlled administration of morphine, hydromorphone, or sufentanil for the treatment of oral mucositis pain following bone marrow transplantation (1997)

A total of 119 bone marrow transplant patients suffering from oral mucositis pain were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial comparing the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, hydromorphone and sufentanil. Patient ratings of pain and side-effects on visual analog scales were gathered daily from the start of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) therapy until the discontinuation of opioid treatment either because of resolution of oral mucositis pain, intolerable side-effects, inadequate pain control, or complications related to transplantation. Of the 119 enrolled subjects, 100 met the evaluable criteria of developing oral mucositis and remaining on the study for at least 2 days. Multivariate analysis of the outcome measures indicated that the analgesia achieved in all three opioid groups was nearly equivalent, while measures of side-effects, especially for the combination of sedation, sleep and mood disturbances, were statistically lower in the morphine group than in hydromorphone or sufentanil groups. Patients in the hydromorphone group exhibited the most variability in pain control. Event analysis also indicated significant differences in time to treatment failure between the three groups, with the morphine arm exhibiting clear superiority. The proportion of patients discontinued because of inadequate pain relief was much higher in the sufentanil group (7/36) as compared to the hydromorphone (0/34) or the morphine group (1/30). The daily opioid consumption pattern showed a continual dose escalation during the first week of therapy for all groups, coincident with worsening mucositis. Morphine consumption reached a plateau by day 5, whereas hydromorphone and sufentanil consumption continued to rise until days 7 and 9, respectively. Sufentanil dose requirement increased by approximately 10-fold compared to morphine and hydromorphone, whose requirements increased only 5-fold, suggesting the possibility of development of acute pharmacological tolerance in some patients with this phenylpiperidine opioid. This study provides support for the recommendation that morphine is the opioid of first choice when patient-controlled analgesia is employed for the treatment of severe oropharyngeal pain in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients.
The Evolution of HRD in Australia: Rhetoric or Reality? (2009)

The research reported in this paper describes and analyses the pattern and evolution of human resource development (HRD) in Australian organisations over the period 1996-2009. Based on the conceptual academic literature, received wisdom amongst practitioners and the extant empirical research, it is hypothesised that the HRD practices of Australian organisations will have become more elaborate and extensive. Quantitative data from 793 organisations in Australia is analysed from three iterations of the CRANET Australia survey in 1996, 1999 and 2008/9. The results indicate only limited and partial support for the hypothesis. Only those HRD practices regarding career development and performance appraisal have significantly increased in sophistication over time. In contrast, the HRD practices relating to the evaluation of the effectiveness of training have declined in sophistication over the observed period. Evidence from this study, therefore, suggests an inconsistent pattern in the developmental trend of HRD in Australian organisations, with linear increases evident amongst certain practices and between particular points in time and declines in other areas of practice.
Substituent effects on the pairing and polymerase recognition of simple unnatural base pairs (2006)

As part of an effort to develop stable and replicable unnatural base pairs, we have evaluated a large number of unnatural nucleotides with predominantly hydrophobic nucleobases. Despite its limited aromatic surface area, a nucleobase analog scaffold that has emerged as being especially promising is the simple phenyl ring. Modifications of this scaffold with methyl and fluoro groups have been shown to impact base pair stability and polymerase recognition, suggesting that nucleobase shape, hydrophobicity and electrostatics are important. To further explore the impact of heteroatom substitution within this nucleobase scaffold, we report the synthesis, stability and polymerase recognition of nucleoside analogs bearing single bromo- or cyano-derivatized phenyl rings. Both modifications are found to generally stabilize base pair formation to a greater extent than methyl or fluoro substitution. Moreover, polymerase recognition of the unnatural base pairs is found to be very sensitive to both the position and nature of the heteroatom substituent. The results help identify the determinants of base pair stability and efficient replication and should contribute to the effort to develop stable and replicable unnatural base pairs.
Second edition acknowledgements (2004)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Comparison of the P2 specificity pocket in three human histocompatibility antigens: HLA-A*6801, HLA-A*0201, and HLA-B*2705. (1993)

Coordinates from x-ray structures of HLA-A*6801, HLA-A*0201, and HLA-B*2705 were analyzed to examine the basis for their selectivity in peptide binding. The pocket that binds the side chain of the peptide's second amino acid residue (P2 residue) shows a preference for Val, Leu, and Arg in these three HLA subtypes, respectively. The Arg-specific pocket of HLA-B*2705 differs markedly from those of HLA-A*0201 and HLA-A*6801, as a result of numerous differences in the side chains that form the pocket's surface. The cause of the specificity differences between HLA-A*0201 and HLA-A*6801 is more subtle and depends both on a change in conformation of pocket residue Val-67 and on a sequence difference at residue 9. The Val-67 conformational change appears to be caused by a shift in the position of the alpha 1-domain alpha-helix relative to the beta-sheet in the cleft and may, in fact, depend on amino acid differences remote from the P2 pocket. Analysis of the stereochemistry of the P2 side chain interacting with its binding pocket permits an estimate to be made of its contribution to the free-energy change of peptide binding.
Gene Regulation Systems for Gene Therapy Applications in the Central Nervous System (2012)

Substantial progress has been made in the development of novel gene therapy strategies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders in recent years. However, unregulated transgene expression is a significant issue limiting human applications due to the potential side effects from excessive levels of transgenic protein that indiscriminately affect both diseased and nondiseased cells. Gene regulation systems are a tool by which tight tissue-specific and temporal regulation of transgene expression may be achieved. This review covers the features of ideal regulatory systems and summarises the mechanics of current exogenous and endogenous gene regulation systems and their utility in the CNS.
Redox-Controlled Orthogonal Assembly of Charged Nanostructures (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRedox-Controlled Orthogonal Assembly of Charged NanostructuresAlbena Ivanisevic, Jung-Hyuk Im, Ki-Bum Lee, So-Jung Park, Linette M. Demers, Keith J. Watson, and Chad A. MirkinView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 49, 12424–12425Publication Date (Web):November 13, 2001Publication History Received9 August 2001Published online13 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011933dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja011933drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Genetics,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Nanostructures Get e-Alerts
Effect of Localized Heating on Three-Dimensional Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe (2010)

An experimental investigation was conducted, both thermally and visually, on a three-dimensional flat-plate oscillating heat pipe (3D FP-OHP) to characterize its performance under localized heat fluxes while operating in the bottom heating mode and charged with acetone at a filling ratio of 0.73. The cooling area was held constant and three heating areas of 20.16 [Formula: see text], 11.29 [Formula: see text], and 1.00 [Formula: see text] were investigated, respectively. It was found that as the heating area was reduced and higher heat fluxes were imposed, the thermal resistance increased and the amplitude of thermal oscillations in the evaporator increased and became more chaotic. Using neutron radiography, it was observed that fluid oscillations did not occur in outer channels located away from the region of local heating. Although the thermal resistance increased during localized heating, a maximum heat flux of 180 W/[Formula: see text] was achieved with the average evaporator temperature not exceeding [Formula: see text].
Biological, molecular, and structural analysis of a cytopathic variant from a molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus (1994)

Some isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been shown to infect Sup-T1 cells with slow kinetics and in the absence of cytopathic effects, including cell fusion or CD4 down-modulation (J. A. Hoxie, B. S. Haggarty, S. Bonser, J. Rackowski, H. Shan, and P. Kanki, J. Virol. 62:2557-2568, 1988). In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a SIVmac variant, derived from the BK28 infectious molecular clone, that became highly cytopathic for Sup-T1 cells. This variant, termed CP-MAC, exhibited a number of differences from BK28, including (i) an altered tropism which largely restricted its host range to Sup-T1 cells, (ii) the ability to induce cell fusion and CD4 down-modulation, and (iii) a highly stable interaction of its external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) envelope glycoproteins. In addition, a marked increase in the level of surface envelope glycoproteins was observed both on CP-MAC-infected cells and on virions. The CP-MAC env gene was PCR amplified from infected cells, and sequence analysis identified five amino acid changes in SU and six in TM compared with BK28. The introduction of these changes into BK28 was shown to fully reconstitute the biological and morphological properties of CP-MAC. The limited number of mutations in CP-MAC should enable the molecular determinants to be more precisely defined and help to identify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the striking biological and structural alterations exhibited by this virus.
Glucocorticoid Receptors in Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed Human Lymphocytes (1985)

Glucocorticoid receptors were studied in cultured human lymphocytes from normal donors after transformation with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and compared to those of circulating human mononuclear leukocytes. Both whole cell and cytosol fractions were examined for [3H]-dexamethasone binding. The concentration and absolute number of glucocorticoid binding sites were increased five-fold in the transformed cells when compared to the non-transformed human mononuclear leukocytes. However, the affinity (Kd) of the glucocorticoid receptor for dexamethasone was the same in both types of cells. The denatured glucocorticoid receptor, covalently labelled with [3H]-dexamethasone-21-mesylate, was identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a protein moiety with Mr approximately equal to 92,000, similar to that obtained from human non-transformed mononuclear leukocytes. The pattern of the activation of the hormone-receptor complexes, analyzed by phosphocellulose chromatography, was similar in both types of cells, and also the time-courses of loss of specific binding during thermal activation were similar. These results suggest that viral transformation is associated with increases in the concentration and the absolute number of glucocorticoid receptors whereas other qualitative receptor characteristics remain similar. Thus, transformation of cells with EB virus can provide a constant source of glucocorticoid receptors for study.
Antagonist effect of flufenamic acid on TRPM2 cation channels activated by hydrogen peroxide (2006)

The melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel TRPM2 is a plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel that is activated by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as a consequence of oxidative stress although the channel activation by H(2)O(2) appears to represent a cell-specific process in cells with endogenous expression of TRPM2. Flufenamic acid (FA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound. Whether H(2)O(2) activates or FA inhibits TRPM2 channels in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell is currently unknown. Due to lack of known antogonists of this channel, we demonstrate in CHO cells that FA inhibits TRPM2 activated by extracellular H(2)O(2). CHO cells were transfected with cDNA coding for TRPM2. Cells were studied with the conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. The intracellular solution used EDTA (10 mM) as chelator for Ca(2+) and heavy metal ions. H(2)O(2) (10 mM) and FA (0.1 mM) were applied extracellularly. Non-selective cation currents were consistently induced by H(2)O(2). The time cause of H(2)O(2) effects was characterized by a delay of 2-5 min and a slow current induction to reach a plateau. The H(2)O(2)- induced inward current was effectively inhibited by 0.1 mM FA applied extracellularly. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FA is an effective antogonist of TRPM2 channels and H(2)O(2)activated currents in CHO cells. FA in CHO cells may be considered, at best, a starting point for the development of TRPM2 channel blockers.