gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumorigenic Evaluation of Thalidomide Alone and in Combination with Cisplatin in DBA2/J Mice (2002)

Thalidomide's reported ability to inhibit angiogenesis has led to clinical trials determining its effectiveness in combating various types of cancer. This study explored thalidomide's antitumorigenic potential when administered alone and in combination with cisplatin to DBA2/J mice whose tumors were induced by murine erythroleukemic cells. Thalidomide treatment alone produced no significant inhibitory effect on tumor development and metastasis. Mice that received both drugs had significantly lower incidences of both primary and secondary tumors as compared to the untreated control group. Cisplatin, administered alone or in combination with thalidomide, led to a significant delay in tumor formation and a longer life span than was recorded in untreated mice. However, the combination treatment results were not significantly different from those of cisplatin treatment used as a single agent. In in vitro cell multiplication studies using murine erythroleukemic and murine endothelial cells, thalidomide failed to inhibit cell proliferation. However, cisplatin treatment with or without thalidomide, significantly inhibited the multiplication of both cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Thalidomide does not appear to be a beneficial adjuvant to cisplatin treatment.
Pictorial Depth Cues for Outdoor Augmented Reality (2005)

This paper presents and evaluates a set of pictorial depth cues for far-field outdoor mobile augmented reality (AR). We examine the problem of accurately placing virtual annotations at physical target points from a static point of view. While it is easy to line up annotations with a target point's projection in the view plane, finding the correct distance for the annotation is difficult if the target point is not represented in an environment model. We have found that AR depth cues, such as vertical and horizontal shadow planes, a small top-down map, or color encodings of relative depth, have a positive impact on a user's ability to align a 3D cursor with physical objects at various distances. These cues aid the user's depth perception and estimation by providing information about the 3D cursor's distance and its relationship in 3-space to any features that may already have been annotated. We conducted a user study that measures the effects of different depth cues for both absolute 3D cursor placement as well as placement relative to a small number of marked reference points, whose distances are known. Our study provides insight about mobile AR users' ability to judge distances both absolutely and relatively, and we identify techniques that successfully enhance their performance.
Quantitative microarray profiling provides evidence against widespread coupling of alternative splicing with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay to control gene expression (2006)

Sequence-based analyses have predicted that approximately 35% of mammalian alternative splicing (AS) events produce premature termination codon (PTC)-containing splice variants that are targeted by the process of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). This led to speculation that AS may often regulate gene expression by activating NMD. Using AS microarrays, we show that PTC-containing splice variants are generally produced at uniformly low levels across diverse mammalian cells and tissues, independently of the action of NMD. Our results suggest that most PTC-introducing AS events are not under positive selection pressure and therefore may not contribute important functional roles.
Use of recombinant biotinylated aequorin in microtiter and membrane-based assays: Purification of recombinant apoaequorin from Escherichia coli (1992)

Aequorin is a calcium-dependent bioluminescent protein isolated from the hydromedusan Aequorea victoria. The gene for aequorin has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli [Prasher et al. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 126, 1259; Prasher et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1326]. Higher levels of expression have recently been obtained by subcloning aequorin cDNA into the pRC23 plasmid vector such that its expression is under control of the lambda PL promoter [Cormier et al. (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. 49, 509]. Purification of recombinant apoaequorin from E. coli containing this new recombinant plasmid (pAEQ1.3) was accomplished by a two-step procedure involving gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sepharose, respectively. Typically, 400-500 mg of recombinant protein was obtained from 100 L of fermentation culture. The purified recombinant apoaequorin could be converted to aequorin in high yield upon incubation with synthetic coelenterate luciferin, dissolved oxygen, and a thiol reagent with a photon yield similar to the native photoprotein. Detection of recombinant aequorin in the Dynatech ML1000 Microplate luminometer was linear between 10(-18) and 10(-12) mol, and little loss of specific activity was observed when the protein was derivatized with biotin. The biotinylated derivative was stable when frozen, lyophilized, or stored at 4 degrees C. The feasibility of using biotinylated aequorin as a nonradioactive tag was established by its application in a variety of solid-phase assay formats using the high-affinity streptavidin/biotin interaction. A microtiter-based bioluminescent immunoassay (BLIA) using biotinylated aequorin and the ML1000 luminometer was developed for the detection of subnanogram amounts of a glycosphingolipid (Forsmann antigen). In addition, nanogram to subnanogram quantities of protein antigens and DNA, immobilized on Western and Southern blots, respectively, were detected on instant and X-ray films using biotinylated aequorin.
MCL1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to BCL2. (1993)

During their lifespan, immature cells normally pass through sequential transitions to a differentiated state and eventually undergo cell death. This progression is aberrant in cancer, although the transition to differentiation can be reestablished in inducible leukemia cell lines. This report describes a gene, MCL1, that we isolated from the ML-1 human myeloid leukemia cell line during phorbol ester-induced differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway. Our results demonstrate that expression of MCL1 increases early in the induction, or "programming," of differentiation in ML-1 (at 1-3 hr), before the appearance of differentiation markers and mature morphology (at 1-3 days). They further show that MCL1 has sequence similarity to BCL2, a gene involved in normal lymphoid development and in lymphomas with the t(14;18) chromosome translocation. MCL1 and BCL2 do not fall into previously known gene families. BCL2 differs from many oncogenes in that it inhibits programmed cell death, promoting viability rather than proliferation; this parallels the association of MCL1 with the programming of differentiation and concomitant maintenance of viability but not proliferation. Thus, in contrast to proliferation-associated genes, expression of MCL1 and BCL2 relates to the programming of differentiation and cell viability/death. The discovery of MCL1 broadens our perspective on an emerging MCL1/BCL2 gene family and will allow further comparison with oncogene families.
IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. (1989)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of polyclonal and monoclonal plasma cell abnormalities. To address this possibility, transgenic mice carrying the human IL-6 genomic gene fused with a human immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer were generated. High concentrations of human IL-6 and polyclonal increase in IgG1 (120- to 400-fold) in sera of all transgenic mice were observed. A massive plasmacytosis in thymus, lymph node, and spleen and an infiltration of plasma cells in lung, liver, and kidney were observed. However, the plasma cells were not transplantable to syngeneic mice and were found not to contain chromosomal aberrations including c-myc gene rearrangements. The evidence indicates that deregulated gene expression of IL-6 can trigger polyclonal plasmacytosis but cannot induce plasmacytoma. It is suggested that additional genetic changes may be required for the generation of plasma cell neoplasia. Other interesting findings in these transgenic mice were the development of mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis and an increase in megakaryocytes in bone marrow.
Capacity of Multi‐antenna Gaussian Channels (1999)

Abstract We investigate the use of multiple transmitting and/or receiving antennas for single user communications over the additive Gaussian channel with and without fading. We derive formulas for the capacities and error exponents of such channels, and describe computational procedures to evaluate such formulas. We show that the potential gains of such multi‐antenna systems over single‐antenna systems is rather large under independenceassumptions for the fades and noises at different receiving antennas.
A New Derivation of Post Gel Properties of Network Polymers (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Derivation of Post Gel Properties of Network PolymersDouglas R. Miller and Christopher W. MacoskoCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 2, 206–211Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60050a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60050a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1784Altmetric-Citations490LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pleural peritoneal shunting for benign and malignant pleural effusions. (1989)

Pleural peritoneal shunting is a new technique that can be used for patients with symptomatic pleural effusion recalcitrant to the usual methods of treatment. Sclerotherapy with a thoracostomy tube is still the mainstay of treatment, but this new procedure has a place if other methods fail. Success can be anticipated in most of the patients with simple insertion under local anesthesia. The occasional obstructed shunt is readily remedied by easy insertion of another pleural peritoneal shunt. No adverse long-term effects have been noted, and satisfactory function can be achieved with minimal morbidity for at least 21 months.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas (PCNSL) Are Distinct from Systemic DLBCL for Expression Pattern of Germinal Center and Activation B-Cell Markers. A GOELAMS Study. (2004)

Abstract Most of the PCNSL of immunocompetent patients are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). They differ from systemic DLBCL in their outcome, a poor survival in most cases contrasting with a lack of systemic dissemination. Concerning their histogenic derivation, a germinal center B (GCB) cell origin has been hypothesized, based on BCL-6 expression and ongoing mutational activity. Using cDNA microarrays, two main prognostic subgroups have been described in systemic DLBCL: the favorable GCB-cell like subgroup and the activated-B cell like, characterized by a non-favorable outcome. These prognostic subgroups are defined accurately by immunohistochemistry, using a panel of GC B-cell (CD10, Bcl-6) and activation (MUM1/IRF4, CD138) markers. The goal of the present study was to determined the immunoprofile of PCNSLs and its potential prognostic significance by analyzing retrospectively 28 cases included in two clinical trials from the GOELAMS (Groupe Ouest Est des Leucémies et Autres Maladies du Sang). According to the pathological panel review, all cases were classified as DLBCL, not associated with Epstein-Barr virus as shown by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD10, BCL-6 and MUM1/IRF4 and CD138 on paraffin-embedded sections. Labelings were interpreted independently by two pathologists without knowledge of clinical data with 10% increments. Cases were considered positive when positive tumor cells accounted for more than 30%. CD10 was expressed in 1 out of the 28 cases. BCL-6 was expressed in more than 30% of tumor cells in 15/28 cases (54%). Strong nuclear expression of IRF-4 was found in almost all cases (26/28; 93%) and none of the tested cases expressed CD138. Thus, only one case was subclassified in the favorable GCB-cell like subgroup (CD10+/BCL-6+/IRF4−/CD138−). The other cases, classified in the non favorable activated-B cell like prognostic subgroup. The latter may be divided in two patterns: an activated or “late” GC B-cell pattern (CD10−/BCL-6+/IRF4+/CD138-) and an activated non-GC pattern (CD10−/BCL-6−/IRF4+/CD138−) observed in 54% and in 42 % of the cases, respectively. This study shows that PCNSL display an relatively homogeneous immunoprofile, corresponding to an activated late GC or early post-GC stage of B cell maturation, different from that published in systemic DLBCL. This result may partly explain the usual poor prognosis of PCNSL and raises the question of considering PCNSL as a separate biological entity, distinct from systemic DLBCL.
Infiltration Processing of Metal-Ceramic FGM's (1999)

Graded alumina preforms were fabricated replicating the pore structure of carbon and polyurethane soft foams with porosity gradients. Continuous gradients from 20 to 70% porosity with pore sizes down to a few μm were produced by position dependent anodic dissolution of hard coal. Alternatively, a stepwise porosity gradient was introduced in polyurethane soft foams by stacking foam layers compressed by different factors. In this way gradients from 2.4% to 60% open porosity with ligaments of 40-100 μm size were retained. Infiltrating the porosity graded preforms with alumina slips, burnout of the organic component, sintering and metal infiltration of the resulting alumina preforms yielded dense composites with graded interpenetrating network microstructure.
WSCLOCK—a simple and effective algorithm for virtual memory management (1981)

A new virtual memory management algorithm WSCLOCK has been synthesized from the local working set (WS) algorithm, the global CLOCK algorithm, and a new load control mechanism for auxiliary memory access. The new algorithm combines the most useful feature of WS—a natural and effective load control that prevents thrashing—with the simplicity and efficiency of CLOCK. Studies are presented to show that the performance of WS and WSCLOCK are equivalent, even if the savings in overhead are ignored.
Femtosecond dynamics of the DNA intercalator ethidium and electron transfer with mononucleotides in water (1999)

Ethidium (E) is a powerful probe of DNA dynamics and DNA-mediated electron transfer (ET). Molecular dynamical processes, such as solvation and orientation, are important on the time scale of ET. Here, we report studies of the femtosecond and picosecond time-resolved dynamics of E, E with 2'deoxyguanosine triphosphate (GTP) in water, and E with 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (ZTP) in water; E undergoes ET with ZTP but not GTP. These studies elucidate the critical role of relative orientational motions of the donor-acceptor complex on ET processes in solution. For ET from ZTP to E, such motions are in fact the rate-determining step. Our results indicate that these complexes reorient before ET. The time scale for the solvation of E in water is 1 ps, and the orientational relaxation time of E is 70 ps. The impact of orientational and solvation effects on ET between E and mononucleotides must be considered in the application of E as a probe of DNA ET.
Hashing for dynamic and static internal tables (1988)

The authors survey the classical hashing-function approach to information retrieval and show how general hashing techniques exchange speed for memory space and flexibility in data manipulation operations such as insert, delete, and overflow. They also discuss recent developments in perfect hashing and minimal perfect hashing, which provide speed and memory compactness when the keys are known in advance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Usable consents (2014)

Privacy and terms of use policy infrastructures on the Internet are broken. Fixing this broken aspect of digital life is a critical component to safeguarding freedom in and for the democracy, and protecting privacy for individuals as well as companies and institutions.
Syntheses and activities of N-substituted derivatives of siastatin B. (1992)

N-Substituted derivatives of siastatin B have been obtained by a chemical modification. Some derivatives showed potent inhibitory activities against Streptococcus sp. and Clostridium perfringens neuraminidases.
Helicobacter mustelae lipid A structure differs from that of Helicobacter pylori (2001)

The lipid A structure of the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter mustelae, a ferret gastric pathogen responsible for the onset of gastric diseases in its host, was investigated. Two variant lipid A structures were found in the same strain. One structure contained a bisphosphorylated beta-(1-->6)-linked D-glucosamine backbone disaccharide with hydroxytetradecanoic acid in amide linkages. Unlike the structure described for the lipid A of the related human Helicobacter pylori gastric pathogen, which contains a C1 phosphate moiety, this lipid A presented phosphate groups at both the C1 and C4' positions, and contained no octadecanoyl fatty acid, which is present in H. pylori. The second lipid A structure had a different fatty acid composition in that 3-OH C(16) replaced most of the amide-linked 3-OH C(14).
Effect of dorsal root section on the arrhythmias associated with coronary occlusion (1976)

In anesthetized vagotomized dogs and cats the circumflex and/or the anterior descending coronary artery were briefly occluded (5-90 s), and ectopic beats occurring during the occlusion and for 60 s following release were counted. When arrhythmias were regularly produced for a given occlusion, the dorsal roots from C8 to T5 were transected and the occlusions were repeated. Dorsal root section produced minor changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Dogs and cats did not differ in their responses. Dorsal root section was performed in eight animals and decreased the absolute number of ectopic beats by 63 +/- 19% compared to control values (P less than 0.05). In four animals the effect on ectopic beats produced by repeated occlusions without dorsal root section was investigated and found to be increased by 35 +/- 24% compared to contrl values. Most of the somatic afferents contained in the dorsal roots were damaged by the surgical preparation. Therefore, repeated occlusions and interruption of somatic afferents do not appear to have influenced our results. The arrhythmogenic interaction between the local effects of myocardial ischemia and the sympathetic activity, whose outlow contained in the ventral roots remained intact, was still possible after dorsal root section and this explains why ectopic beats were reduced but not almost suppressed as is usually the case after bilateral stellectomy. We conclude that dorsal root section reduces the number of ectopic beats associated with short-lasting coronary artery occlusions and that the most likely mechanism is the interruption of the cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex which depends upon afferent fibers running through the dorsal roots.
Lazy XML updates (2005)

XML documents are normally stored as plain text files. Hence, the natural and most convenient way to update XML documents is to simply edit the text files. But efficient query evaluation algorithms require XML documents to be indexed. Every element is given a unique identifier based on its location in the document or its preorder-traversal order, and this identifier is later used as (part of) the key in the index. Reassigning orders of possibly a large number of elements is therefore necessary when the original XML documents are updated. Immutable dynamic labeling schemes have been proposed to solve this problem, that, however, require very long labels and may decrease query performance. If we consider a real-world scenario, we note that many relatively small ad-hoc XML segments are inserted/deleted into/from an existing XML database. In this paper, we start from this consideration and we propose a new lazy approach to handle XML updates that also improves query performance. The lazy approach: (i) completely avoids reassigning existing element orders after updates; (ii) improves query processing by taking advantages from segments. Experimental results show that our approach is much more efficient in handling updates than using immutable labeling and, at the same time, it also improves the performance of recently defined structural join algorithms.
Effects of CDP-choline on striatal dopamine level and behavior in rats. (1981)

To further assess the effects of CDP (cytidine diphosphate)-choline on Parkinsonian symptoms, striatal dopamine (DA) was measured fluorometrically in rats after injection of CDP-choline. CDP-choline (300 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the DA content in the striatum (p less than 0.05) one hour after injection. The behavioral effect of CDP-choline was then tested in rats in which the unilateral nigro-striatal DA neurons had degenerated following an intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). CDP-choline alone did not produce behavioral changes in these rats. However, pretreatment with a single dose of CDP-choline (900 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed both the apomorphine-induced contralateral and the d-amphetamine-induced ipsilateral circling. The same dose of CDP-choline suppressed the number of treadmill revolutions in mice. On the other hand, a 7-day consecutive treatment with 300 mg/kg of CDP-choline enhanced the apomorphine-induced contralateral circling (by 42%, p less than 0.05). The same treatment with CDP-choline raised the striatal DA content by 29% (p less than 0.05) on the intact side, but not on the 6-OHDA injected side. These results indicate that CDP-choline has either a direct nor an indirect DA agonistic effect. The increase in DA content, decrease in locomotion and enhancement of the effect of apomorphine can be explained on the hypothesis that CDP-choline may act as an antagonist on the DA neurons and receptors. The validity of this apparently paradoxical use of CDP-choline with antagonistic effect on DA neurons in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed.