gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes (2005)

This paper describes a class of ruthenium indenylidene complexes which constitute robust and efficient pre-catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions, specifically ring-closing metathesis of substituted linear dienes, acyclic diene metathesis of α, ω-dienes, enyne metathesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerisation of cycloolefins. They readily allow reactions not promoted by many prior ruthenium catalysts, such as the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted cycloalkenes as well as ring-closing metathesis involving highly substituted dienes. The activity and stability of these pre-catalysts can be finely tuned by adjusting both steric and electronic effects in the metal coordination sphere through an appropriate selection of ancillary ligands. Due to their accessibility, enhanced activity and good stability, this class of ruthenium complexes gratifyingly extends the scope and utility of the currently used metathesis catalysts.
Measles Virus Assembly within Membrane Rafts (2000)

During measles virus (MV) replication, approximately half of the internal M and N proteins, together with envelope H and F glycoproteins, are selectively enriched in microdomains rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids called membrane rafts. Rafts isolated from MV-infected cells after cold Triton X-100 solubilization and flotation in a sucrose gradient contain all MV components and are infectious. Furthermore, the H and F glycoproteins from released virus are also partly in membrane rafts (S. N. Manié et al., J. Virol. 74:305-311, 2000). When expressed alone, the M but not N protein shows a low partitioning (around 10%) into rafts; this distribution is unchanged when all of the internal proteins, M, N, P, and L, are coexpressed. After infection with MGV, a chimeric MV where both H and F proteins have been replaced by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, both the M and N proteins were found enriched in membrane rafts, whereas the G protein was not. These data suggest that assembly of internal MV proteins into rafts requires the presence of the MV genome. The F but not H glycoprotein has the intrinsic ability to be localized in rafts. When coexpressed with F, the H glycoprotein is dragged into the rafts. This is not observed following coexpression of either the M or N protein. We propose a model for MV assembly into membrane rafts where the virus envelope and the ribonucleoparticle colocalize and associate.
High-Order Vector Control of Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters With LCL-Filters (2013)

This paper proposes a vector control strategy for LCL-filter-based grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). The proposed control strategy is inherently capable of attenuating the resonance phenomenon of such systems. This is an advantage over the existing methods, which require additional damping techniques. Moreover, the proposed vector control strategy is able to fully decouple the direct (d) and quadrature (q) components of the current in a rotating reference frame. The design procedure comprises a constrained optimization-based loop shaping. It utilizes the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonparametric model of the system along with a high-order linearly parameterized MIMO controller to form an open-loop transfer function matrix. Minimizing the second norm of the error between the open-loop transfer function matrix and a desired one, the coefficients of the controller are optimally determined. Conducting several reference tracking scenarios, the performance of the proposed vector controller is evaluated both by means of time-domain simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results.
Differential effect of cyclosporin A on activation signaling in human T cell lines. (1986)

Different T cell lines, which can be induced to secrete interleukin 2 (IL-2) in vitro, were used to dissect the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA). The T leukemia cell Jurkat requires an increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for the induction of IL-2 production, which is completely blocked by CsA. Another T cell line, HUT 78, also produces IL-2 in response to a rise in [Ca++]i and PMA; however, in HUT 78, PMA alone induces low levels of IL-2 production that is not blocked by CsA. After treatment with 5-azacytidine, HUT 78 cells produced maximal levels of IL-2 in response to PMA alone without requiring [Ca++]i increasing stimuli. In these cells no inhibitory effect of CsA on PMA-induced activation could be demonstrated. In addition, CsA does not inhibit PMA-induced translocation of protein kinase C. These data suggest that CsA does not globally inhibit IL-2 gene expression, but rather interferes with signaling events of T cell activation.
Application of monoclonal antibodies to the investigation of the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a vasodilatory neurotransmitter (1994)

This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.
DC-STAMP, a novel multimembrane-spanning molecule preferentially expressed by dendritic cells (2000)

Dendritic cells (DC) are unique in their ability to present antigen to naive T cells, and therefore play a central role in the initiation of immune responses. Characterization of DC-specific genes may help to unravel the mechanism underlying their potent antigen presenting capacity. Here we describe the identification of a novel transcript, isolated by random sequencing of a cDNA library prepared from monocyte-derived DC, which we termed DC-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). DC-STAMP is specifically expressed by DC, and not in a panel of other leukocytes or non-hematopoietic cells. Interestingly, DC-STAMP was also detected in activated but not resting blood DC. The DC-STAMP transcript encodes a 470-amino acid protein containing seven putative transmembrane domains. Expression of a DC-STAMP-GFP fusion protein in 293 cells indicates that DC-STAMP is expressed at the cell surface, and has an intracellular C terminus. Surprisingly, no sequence homology was found with any other protein or multimembrane-spanning receptor. Therefore, we propose that DC-STAMP is a novel DC-specific multimembrane-spanning protein, representing a new group of transmembrane proteins.
A possible aid in targeted insertion of large DNA elements by CRISPR/Cas in mouse zygotes (2015)

The CRISPR/Cas system has rapidly emerged recently as a new tool for genome engineering, and is expected to allow for controlled manipulation of specific genomic elements in a variety of species. A number of recent studies have reported the use of CRISPR/Cas for gene disruption (knockout) or targeted insertion of foreign DNA elements (knock-in). Despite the ease of simple gene knockout and small insertions or nucleotide substitutions in mouse zygotes by the CRISPR/Cas system, targeted insertion of large DNA elements remains an apparent challenge. Here the generation of knock-in mice with successful targeted insertion of large donor DNA elements ranged from 3.0 to 7.1 kb at the ROSA26 locus using the CRISPR/Cas system was achieved. Multiple independent knock-in founder mice were obtained by injection of hCas9 mRNA/sgRNA/donor vector mixtures into the cytoplasm of C57BL/6N zygotes when the injected zygotes were treated with an inhibitor of actin polymerization, cytochalasin. Successful germ line transmission of three of these knock-in alleles was also confirmed. The results suggested that treatment of zygotes with actin polymerization inhibitors following microinjection could be a viable method to facilitate targeted insertion of large DNA elements by the CRISPR/Cas system, enabling targeted knock-in readily attainable in zygotes.
1,4-Cyclohexanecarboxylates:  Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosophodiesterase 4 for the Treatment of Asthma (1998)

Evaluation of a variety of PDE4 inhibitors in a series of cellular and in vivo assays suggested a strategy to improve the therapeutic index of PDE4 inhibitors by increasing their selectivity for the ability to inhibit PDE4 catalytic activity versus the ability to compete for high affinity [3H]rolipram-binding sites in the central nervous system. Use of this strategy led ultimately to the identification of cis-4-cyano-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxyl ic acid (1, SB 207499, Ariflo), a potent second-generation inhibitor of PDE4 with a decreased potential for side effects versus the archetypic first generation inhibitor, (R)-rolipram.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A review and update of therapeutic strategies (2003)

Abstract DOI 10.1002/cncr.11520
Self‐Rolled Polymer and Composite Polymer/Metal Micro‐ and Nanotubes with Patterned Inner Walls (2005)

Micro- and nanotubes with interior patterns (see Figure) are fabricated by self-rolling of thin poly(4-vinylpyridine)/polystyrene bilayer films. The bending moment in the film arises from selective swelling of the crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine) layer in acidic water. Composite polymer/metal tubes are produced by magnetron sputtering of gold onto the top of the polymer film. The interiors of the tubes are patterned by microcontact printing patterns onto the polymer bilayer films prior to rolling.
Discrete Surfaces for Architectural Design (2007)

&lt;p&gt;Geometric problems originating in architecture can lead to interesting research and results in geometry processing, computer aided geometric design, and discrete différential geometry. In this article we survey this development and consider an important problem of this kind: Discrete surfaces (meshes) which admit a multi-layered geometric support structure. It turns out that such meshes can be elegantly studied via the concept of parallel mesh. Discrete versions of the network of principal curvature lines turn out to be parallel to approximately spherical meshes. Both circular meshes and the conical meshes considered only recently are instances of this meta-theorem. We discuss properties and interrelations of circular and conical meshes, and also their connections to meshes in static equilibrium and discrete minimal surfaces. We conclude with a list of research problems in geometry which are related to architectural design.&lt;/p&gt;
Doses e metodos de aplicacao do superfosfato simples nos teores de micronutrientes do limoeiro 'cravo' em viveiro. (1995)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de superfosfato simples aplicado em diferentes metodos, nos teores de micronutrientes dos porta-enxertos limoeiros 'cravo' em viveiro, ate o ponto de enxertia. O trabalho foi conduzido no setor de fruticultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras, MG, no periodo de agosto de 1990 a junho de 1991. Adotou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x8, com duas repeticoes e 24 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos resultaram das combinacoes das doses (0,66, 1,33, 5,33 e 10,66 g de PO/planta) e dos metodos de aplicacao (localizado no sulco; mistruado no sulco; localizado, distribuido em cobertura na linha de plantio; no solo em geral, distribuido em toda a area da parcela; 20% localizado no sulco e 80% no solo em geral; 20% misturado no sulco e 80% no solo em geral; 20% localizado em cobertura e 80% no solo em geral, e quatro parcelamentos iguais, localizados em cobertura). As doses e os metodos de aplicacao do supefosfato simples nao influiram nos teores de micronutrientes do limoeiro 'cravo'. O limoeiro 'cravo' nao responde a doses de PO no solo superiores as consideradas altas pelos padroes de fertilidade dos solos, da repicagem ao ponto de enxertia.
Characterization of a novel Atopobium isolate from the human vagina: description of Atopobium vaginae sp. nov. (1999)

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a hitherto undescribed micro-organism isolated from the human vagina. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strain constituted a new subline within the genus Atopobium. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from other Atopobium species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Atopobium vaginae sp. nov. The type strain of Atopobium vaginae is CCUG 38953T.
Adenovirus vector vaccination induces expansion of memory CD4 T cells with a mucosal homing phenotype that are readily susceptible to HIV-1 (2009)

In the recently halted HIV type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine STEP trial, individuals that were seropositive for adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) showed increased rates of HIV-1 infection on vaccination with an Ad5 vaccine. We propose that this was due to activation and expansion of Ad5-specific mucosal-homing memory CD4 T cells. To test this hypothesis, Ad5 and Ad11 antibody titers were measured in 20 healthy volunteers. Dendritic cells (DCs) from these individuals were pulsed with replication defective Ad5 or Ad11 and co-cultured with autologous lymphocytes. Cytokine profiles, proliferative capacity, mucosal migration potential, and susceptibility to HIV infection of the adenovirus-stimulated memory CD4 T cells were measured. Stimulation of T cells from healthy Ad5-seropositive but Ad11-seronegative individuals with Ad5, or serologically distinct Ad11 vectors induced preferential expansion of adenovirus memory CD4 T cells expressing alpha(4)beta(7) integrins and CCR9, indicating a mucosal-homing phenotype. CD4 T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production in response to Ad stimulation correlated with Ad5 antibody titers. However, Ad5 serostatus did not correlate with total cytokine production upon challenge with Ad5 or Ad11. Expanded Ad5 and Ad11 memory CD4 T cells showed an increase in CCR5 expression and higher susceptibility to infection by R5 tropic HIV-1. This suggests that adenoviral-based vaccination against HIV-1 in individuals with preexisting immunity against Ad5 results in preferential expansion of HIV-susceptible activated CD4 T cells that home to mucosal tissues, increases the number of virus targets, and leads to a higher susceptibility to HIV acquisition.
SPAND: shared passive network performance discovery (1997)

In the Internet today, users and applications must often make decisions based on the performance they expect to observe. For example, many Web pages are available in low-bandwidth and high-bandwidth versions, while other pages present users with long lists of mirror sites to choose from. Current techniques to perform these decisions are often ad-hoc and/or poorly designed. The most common solution used today is to require the user to manually decide based on experience and information provided by the application. Previous efforts to automate this process have focused on isolated, active network probes from a host. Unfortunately, this method of making measurements has several problems. Active probing introduces unnecessary network traffic that can quickly become a significant part of the total traffic handled by busy web servers. Probing from a single host results in less accurate information and additional redundant network probes than a system that shares information with nearby hosts. In this paper, we propose a system called SPAND (Shared Passive Network Performance Discovery) that determines network characteristics by making shared, passive measurements from a collection of hosts. In this paper, we show why passive measurements from a collection of hosts has advantages over active measurements from a single host. We also show that sharing measurements can dramatically increase the accuracy and timeliness of predictions. In addition, we present a initial prototype design of SPAND, a plan for incremental deployment, and the current implementation status of our system
A (1993)

Nach dem → Abfallgesetz (AbfG) sind A. bewegliche Sachen, deren sich der Besitzer entledigen will (subjektiver Abfallbegriff) oder deren geordnete Beseitigung zur Wahrung des Wohls der Allgemeinheit, insbesondere des Schutzes der Umwelt, geboten ist (objektiver Abfallbegriff). Der Wert oder die Verwertbarkeit dieser Sachen ist dabei für den subjektiven Abfallbegriff nicht entscheidend, sondern allein die Entledigungsabsicht der Besitzer. Kein A. liegt dementsprechend bei erkennbarer Verwertungs- oder Schenkungsabsicht vor, wenn die Sachen also im Wirtschaftskreislauf bleiben sollen. Jedoch sind nach dem Abfallgesetz bewegliche Sachen, die der Besitzer entweder der entsorgungs-pflichtigen Körperschaft oder dem von dieser beauftragten Dritten überläßt, auch im Falle der Verwertung solange A., bis die Stoffe oder die erzeugte Energie dem Wirtschaftskreislauf (tatsächlich) zugeführt werden. — Vgl. auch → Reststoffe.
Novel promoter upstream of the human c-myc gene and regulation of c-myc expression in B-cell lymphomas. (1986)

A new promoter of the human c-myc gene called P0, with multiple RNA start sites, was mapped over 500 bases upstream of the two previously identified promoters, P1 and P2. Sequencing full-length cDNA clones of P0 RNAs revealed two open reading frames upstream of that for the P64c-myc protein. P0 RNA is located on polyribosomes and released by puromycin, indicating that it functions as an mRNA. In vitro translation of RNA synthesized from the cloned cDNAs predicts that P0 transcripts are translated into a novel 12.5-kilodalton protein corresponding to the first open reading frame. The regulation of P0 RNA was studied in the B-cell lymphoma cell line Manca, in which only the translocated c-myc allele lacking exon 1 was thought to be active. However, we found that P0 transcription and the DNase I-hypersensitive site associated with this promoter persist on the untranslocated allele, even though P1/P2 transcription as measured by a nuclear runoff assay was repressed. These results suggest that allelic exclusion of c-myc expression in this B-cell lymphoma is caused by a repression of transcription which is specific to the P1/P2 promoters. We previously reported a block to elongation of transcription near the 3' end of exon 1 in the wild-type c-myc gene, which results in an excess of exon 1 over exon 2 transcription (5a). In contrast, we found that in the Daudi B-cell lymphoma, which retains exon 1 in the active allele, equimolar transcription of exons 1 and 2 occurs. This result suggests a model for the activation of c-myc in B-cell lymphomas.
Mammalian Genes Induced by Radiation: Activation of Genes Associated with Growth Control (1992)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Melanoma: Stem cells, sun exposure and hallmarks for carcinogenesis, molecular concepts and future clinical implications (2010)

Melanoma cannot be considered a "black box" for researchers anymore. Current trends in the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma are to individualize treatment based on molecular biomarkers. Pharmacogenomics constitute a promising field with regard to melanoma patients' treatment. Finally, development of novel monoclonal antibodies is expected to complement melanoma patient care while a number of investigational vaccines could find their way into everyday oncology practice.
Reemerging H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 Are Highly Pathogenic to Ducks (2004)

Waterfowl are the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses, which are usually nonpathogenic in wild aquatic birds. However, in late 2002, outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus caused deaths among wild migratory birds and resident waterfowl, including ducks, in two Hong Kong parks. In February 2003, an avian H5N1 virus closely related to one of these viruses was isolated from two humans with acute respiratory distress, one of whom died. Antigenic analysis of the new avian isolates showed a reactivity pattern different from that of H5N1 viruses isolated in 1997 and 2001. This finding suggests that significant antigenic variation has recently occurred among H5N1 viruses. We inoculated mallards with antigenically different H5N1 influenza viruses isolated between 1997 and 2003. The new 2002 avian isolates caused systemic infection in the ducks, with high virus titers and pathology in multiple organs, particularly the brain. Ducks developed acute disease, including severe neurological dysfunction and death. Virus was also isolated at high titers from the birds' drinking water and from contact birds, demonstrating efficient transmission. In contrast, H5N1 isolates from 1997 and 2001 were not consistently transmitted efficiently among ducks and did not cause significant disease. Despite a high level of genomic homology, the human isolate showed striking biological differences from its avian homologue in a duck model. This is the first reported case of lethal influenza virus infection in wild aquatic birds since 1961.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Erlotinib, an Oral Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck (2003)

Erlotinib was well tolerated in this heavily pretreated HNSCC population and produced prolonged disease stabilization; hence, further evaluation of its role in this tumor type is warranted.
Ectopic expression of a cold-inducible transcription factor, CBF1/DREB1b, in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.). (2004)

The gene encoding C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (CBF1/DREB1b) of Arabidopsis was introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. Its incorporation and expression in transgenic rice plants were confirmed by DNA and RNA gel-blot analyses. Cold tolerance in the transgenics was not significantly different from that of the wild-type plants, as determined by ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence, and survival rates. However, the cold-responsive genes lip5, lip9, and OsDhn1 were up-regulated in the transgenic plants, suggesting that the cold signal transduction pathway involving CBF1 is partially conserved in this cold-labile plant.
Leg Ulcers in Sickle Cell Disease (2004)

Jennifer T. Trent, MD, is a Resident in the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL. Robert S. Kirsner, MD, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, and Chief of Dermatology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL.