gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Intellectual Capital (2000)

The Problem and the Solution. The theory of intellectual capital has emerged in the past decade in response to the growing realization of the importance of information and knowledge Because ntellectual capital was first conceptualized during the same time period that the ideas of knowledge management and human capital became an important part of organizational discussion, now more than ever, it is essential to clarify, define, and differentiate the concept of intellectual capital This chapter summarizes current theories and offers an alternative theoretical approach to intellectual capital, emphasizing the dynamic impact it can have on an organization
Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents (1990)

Bacterial spores are among the most resistant of all living cells to biocides, although the response depends on the stage of sporulation. The development of resistance to some agents such as chlorhexidine occurs much earlier in sporulation than does resistance to glutaraldehyde, which is a very late event. During germination or outgrowth or both, resistance is lost and the cells become as susceptible to biocides as nonsporulating bacteria. Mechanisms of spore resistance to, and the action of, biocides are discussed, and possible means of enhancing antispore activity are considered. The clinical and other uses of sporicidal and sporostatic chemical agents are described.
DNA INVERSION AND GENE DELETION IN Gy(Δβ)° THALASSAEMIA (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 DNA INVERSION AND GENE DELETION IN Gy(Δβ)° THALASSAEMIA R. W. Jones; R. W. Jones 1MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 0X3 9DU Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. M. Old; J. M. Old 1MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 0X3 9DU Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. B. Clegg; J. B. Clegg 1MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 0X3 9DU Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Weatherall D. J. Weatherall 1MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 0X3 9DU Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 272P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009272p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. W. Jones, J. M. Old, J. B. Clegg, D. J. Weatherall; DNA INVERSION AND GENE DELETION IN Gy(Δβ)° THALASSAEMIA. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 272P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009272p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Influence of Growth Conditions and Developmental Stage onN-Glycan Heterogeneity of Transgenic Immunoglobulin G and Endogenous Proteins in Tobacco Leaves (2001)

Plants are regarded as a promising system for the production of heterologous proteins. However, little is known about the influence of plant development and growth conditions on N-linked glycosylation. To investigate this, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN) plants expressing a mouse immunoglobulin G antibody (MGR48) were grown in climate rooms under four different climate conditions, i.e. at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C and at either low or high light conditions. N-glycans on plantibodies and soluble endogenous proteins were analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Antibodies isolated from young leaves have a relatively high amount of high- mannose glycans compared with antibodies from older leaves, which contain more terminal N-acetylglucosamine. Senescence was shown to affect the glycosylation profile of endogenous proteins. The relative amount of N-glycans without terminal N-acetylglucosamine increased with leaf age. Major differences were observed between glycan structures on endogenous proteins versus those on antibodies, probably to be attributed to their subcellular localization. The relatively high percentage of antibody N-glycan lacking both xylose and fucose is interesting.
Isothermal whole genome amplification from single and small numbers of cells: a new era for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of inherited disease (2004)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of single gene defects following assisted conception typically involves removal of single cells from preimplantation embryos and analysis using highly sensitive PCR amplification methods taking stringent precautions to prevent contamination from foreign or previously amplified DNA. Recently, whole genome amplification has been achieved from small quantities of genomic DNA by isothermal amplification with bacteriophage 29 DNA polymerase- and exonuclease-resistant random hexamer primers. Here we report that isothermal whole genome amplification from single and small numbers of lymphocytes and blastomeres isolated from cleavage stage embryos yielded microgram quantities of amplified DNA, and allowed analysis of 20 different loci, including the DeltaF508 deletion causing cystic fibrosis and polymorphic repeat sequences used in DNA fingerprinting. As with analysis by PCR-based methods, some preferential amplification or allele drop-out at heterozygous loci was detected with single cells. With 2-5 cells, amplification was more consistent and with 10 or 20 cells results were indistinguishable from genomic DNA. The use of isothermal whole genome amplification as a universal first step marks a new era for PGD since, unlike previous PCR-based methods, sufficient DNA is amplified for diagnosis of any known single gene defect by standard methods and conditions.
Preclinical Modeling of KIF5B–RET Fusion Lung Adenocarcinoma (2016)

RET fusions have been found in lung adenocarcinoma, of which KIF5B-RET is the most prevalent. We established inducible KIF5B-RET transgenic mice and KIF5B-RET-dependent cell lines for preclinical modeling of KIF5B-RET-associated lung adenocarcinoma. Doxycycline-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-KIF5B-RET transgenic mice developed invasive lung adenocarcinoma with desmoplastic reaction. Tumors regressed upon suppression of KIF5B-RET expression. By culturing KIF5B-RET-dependent BaF3 (B/KR) cells with increasing concentrations of cabozantinib or vandetanib, we identified cabozantinib-resistant RET<sup>V804L</sup> mutation and vandetanib-resistant-RET<sup>G810A</sup> mutation. Among cabozantinib, lenvatinib, ponatinib, and vandetanib, ponatinib was identified as the most potent inhibitor against KIF5B-RET and its drug-resistant mutants. Interestingly, the vandetanib-resistant KIF5B-RET<sup>G810A</sup> mutant displayed gain-of-sensitivity (GOS) to ponatinib and lenvatinib. Treatment of doxycycline-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-KIF5B-RET bitransgenic mice with ponatinib effectively induced tumor regression. These results indicate that KIF5B-RET-associated lung tumors are addicted to the fusion oncogene and ponatinib is the most effective inhibitor for targeting KIF5B-RET in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, this study finds a novel vandetanib-resistant RET<sup>G810A</sup> mutation and identifies lenvatinib and ponatinib as the secondary drugs to overcome this vandetanib resistance mechanism. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2521-9. ©2016 AACR.
Electrospray Ionization Using Wooden Tips (2011)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a mass spectrometric technique widely used in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmaceutical industry, clinical assessment, and forensic science. In this study, we report a simple and economical ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) technique, which makes use of disposable wooden tips (wooden toothpicks) for loading and ionization of samples. Samples could be loaded by normal pipetting onto the tip or simply dipping the tip into sample solutions. The hydrophilic and porous nature of wood allows effective adhesion of the sample solution for durable ion signals. The tip can be directly connected to nano-ESI ion sources of various mass spectrometers. Upon application of high voltage to the tip, desirable mass spectra could be obtained. We demostrated that this new technique is applicable for analysis of various samples, including organic compounds, organometallic compounds, peptides, proteins, and samples that cannot be directly analyzed by conventional ESI techniques, e.g., slurry samples and powder samples. The slim and hard properties of the wooden tip enable sampling from specific locations such as corners and small openings, indicating potential applications of the new technique in forensic investigations. The observation of electrospray ionization from wooden materials also allows us to get new insights into the materials that can be directly ionized for mass spectrometric analysis.
Isotope Sensitive Branching and Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Reaction of Deuterated Arachidonic Acids with Human 12- and 15-Lipoxygenases (2008)

Lipoxygenases (LOs) catalyze lipid peroxidation and have been implicated in a number of human diseases connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. These enzymes have also attracted considerable attention due to large kinetic isotope effects (30-80) for the rate-limiting hydrogen abstraction step with linoleic acid (LA) as substrate. Herein, we report kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in the reactions of three human LOs (platelet 12-hLO, reticulocyte 15-hLO-1, and epithelial 15-hLO-2) with arachidonic acid (AA). Surprisingly, the observed KIEs with AA were much smaller than the previously reported values with LA. Investigation into the origins for the smaller KIEs led to the discovery of isotope sensitive branching of the reaction pathways. Product distribution analysis demonstrated an inversion in the regioselectivity of 15-hLO-1, with hydrogen abstraction from C13 being the major pathway with unlabeled AA but abstraction from C10 predominating when the methylene group at position 13 was deuterated. Smaller but clear changes in regioselectivity were also observed for 12-hLO and 15-hLO-2.
Use of bend loss to obtain single-transverse-mode operation of a multimode fiber amplifier (2000)

Summary form only given.Use of single-mode (SM) fiber lasers and amplifiers for applications requiring optical pulses with high energy and/or high peak power has been limited by the relatively low energy storage of SM fibers and by the onset of nonlinear processes in the fiber. Similarly, for cw applications requiring narrow linewidth, the maximum power is limited by nonlinear processes. Two approaches to overcoming these limitations have been reported: (1) use of large-mode-area SM fibers; and (2) use of multimode (MM) gain fibers, in which suppression of high-order modes is achieved by adjusting the fiber index and dopant distributions, cavity configuration, and/or launch conditions of the seed beam. We report a new approach to obtain SM operation of a laser or amplifier employing MM fiber. By wrapping the gain fiber around a cylindrical mandrel whose radius is chosen to provide low loss for the fundamental mode and high loss for LP/sub 11/ and the other high-order modes, bend loss can be used as a form of distributed spatial filtering, thereby allowing the core diameter to be increased significantly beyond the SM limit.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Induces Concomitant Respiratory Alterations and a Decrease in SaO2 in Children (2005)

VNS caused a pronounced change in respiration in children with epilepsy, and this induced a decrease in SaO(2). It is possible that VNS has a neuroprotective effect, and this possibility calls for further investigation.
Environmental Regulation of Bacillus subtilis ς D -Dependent Gene Expression (2000)

The sigma(D) regulon of Bacillus subtilis is composed of genes encoding proteins for flagellar synthesis, motility, and chemotaxis. Concurrent analyses of sigma(D) protein levels and flagellin mRNA demonstrate that sigD expression and sigma(D) activity are tightly coupled during growth in both complex and minimal media, although they exhibit different patterns of expression. We therefore used the sigma(D)-dependent flagellin gene (hag) as a model gene to study the effects of different nutritional environments on sigma(D)-dependent gene expression. In complex medium, the level of expression of a hag-lacZ fusion increased exponentially during the exponential growth phase and peaked early in the transition state. In contrast, the level of expression of this reporter remained constant and high throughout growth in minimal medium. These results suggest the existence of a nutritional signal(s) that affects sigD expression and/or sigma(D) activity. This signal(s) allows for nutritional repression early in growth and, based on reconstitution studies, resides in the complex components of sporulation medium, as well as in a mixture of mono-amino acids. However, the addition of Casamino Acids to minimal medium results in a dose-dependent decrease in hag-lacZ expression throughout growth and the postexponential growth phase. In work by others, CodY has been implicated in the nutritional repression of several genes. Analysis of a codY mutant bearing a hag-lacZ reporter revealed that flagellin expression is released from nutritional repression in this strain, whereas mutations in the transition state preventor genes abrB, hpr, and sinR failed to elicit a similar effect during growth in complex medium. Therefore, the CodY protein appears to be the physiologically relevant regulator of hag nutritional repression in B. subtilis.
XPS analysis of silane coupling agents and silane‐treated E‐glass fibers (1990)

Abstract The photelectron spectra of five different liquid silanes were measured. Their C 1s spectra and measured compositions were all consistent with the theoretical formula of these compounds. Subsequently, E‐glass fibers were exposed to dilute aqueous solutions of these silanes, and their adsorption on the fiber surfaces was observed. The high‐resolution C 1s spectra revealed the extent of hydrolysis. The thicknesses of the adsorbed layers were determined and were found to scale with the length of the organic functional group.
Overexpression of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4E in HeLa cells results in aberrant growth and morphology. (1990)

Eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) is a 25-kDa polypeptide that binds to the 7-methylguanosine-containing cap of mRNA and participates in the transfer of mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit, a step that is rate-limiting for protein synthesis under most cellular conditions. eIF-4E is the least abundant of the initiation factors, is present at approximately 10% of molar concentration of mRNA, and thus may serve as a site of regulation for the recruitment of mRNA into polysomes. Previous studies have indicated that phosphorylation of eIF-4E at Ser-53 is correlated with an increased rate of protein synthesis in a variety of systems in vivo and is required for eIF-4E to become bound to the 48S initiation complex. In this study we show that overexpression of eIF-4E in HeLa cells using an episomally replicating, BK virus-based vector leads to an unusual phenotype: cells grow rapidly, forming densely packed, multilayered foci. They progressively form syncytia, some containing as many as six nuclei, and ultimately lyse 1 month after transfection. Some of these properties are reminiscent of oncogenically transformed cells. Cells transfected with the identical vector expressing a variant of eIF-4E, which contains alanine at position 53 and thus cannot be phosphorylated at the major in vivo site, grow normally. Estimations using the Ala-53 variant or a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in the same vector indicate that the degree of eIF-4E overexpression is 3- to 9-fold more than the endogenous level. These results suggest that eIF-4E may play a key role in cell cycle progression.
Hydroxylation and Glycosylation of the Four Conserved Lysine Residues in the Collagenous Domain of Adiponectin (2002)

It has recently been shown that the fat-derived hormone adiponectin has the ability to decrease hyperglycemia and to reverse insulin resistance. However, bacterially produced full-length adiponectin is functionally inactive. Here, we show that endogenous adiponectin secreted by adipocytes is post-translationally modified into eight different isoforms, as shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Carbohydrate detection revealed that six of the adiponectin isoforms are glycosylated. The glycosylation sites were mapped to several lysines (residues 68, 71, 80, and 104) located in the collagenous domain of adiponectin, each having the surrounding motif of GXKGE(D). These four lysines were found to be hydroxylated and subsequently glycosylated. The glycosides attached to each of these four hydroxylated lysines are possibly glucosylgalactosyl groups. Functional analysis revealed that full-length adiponectin produced by mammalian cells is much more potent than bacterially generated adiponectin in enhancing the ability of subphysiological concentrations of insulin to inhibit gluconeogenesis in primary rat hepatocytes, whereas this insulin-sensitizing ability was significantly attenuated when the four glycosylated lysines were substituted with arginines. These results indicate that full-length adiponectin produced by mammalian cells is functionally active as an insulin sensitizer and that hydroxylation and glycosylation of the four lysines in the collagenous domain might contribute to this activity.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Epothilone A Using Multifunctional Asymmetric Catalyses (2000)

A catalytic version has now been developed for the enantioselective total synthesis of epothilone A (1). The key is the use of multifunctional asymmetric catalyses for a direct aldol reaction and cyanosilylation. This successful approach demonstrated the usefulness of these reactions for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of complex molecules.
Defect structure in selective area growth GaN pyramid on (111)Si substrate (2000)

A GaN pyramid grown selectively on a (111)Si substrate with a patterned dot structure of a SiO2 mask, by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using AlGaN as an intermediate layer, was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The dot pattern has an array of 5.0-μm-diameter window openings with a 10 μm period. The density of threading dislocations observed in the window region decreased gradually with increasing distance from the interface. This was mainly due to the dislocation reaction and bending of threading dislocations for the first 2 μm region from the interface and for the upper region, respectively. Dominantly observed defects in the lateral-growth part were dislocations parallel to the interface. An amorphous layer was formed at the interface in the window region. Nitride particles were observed at the interface in the mask region.
Therapy of B-cell lymphoma with anti-CD20 antibodies can result in the loss of CD20 antigen expression. (1999)

Rituximab is a chimeric antibody with human gamma-1 and kappa constant regions and murine variable regions. It recognizes the CD20 antigen, a pan B-cell marker. Therapeutic trials in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have shown significant efficacy with a primary response rate of 50%, and a secondary response rate of 44% after repeat treatments in prior responders. The selection for proliferating tumor cells that no longer express CD20 may compromise repeated treatment. We have identified a patient who developed a transformed NHL that lost CD20 protein expression after two courses of therapy with rituximab. In a pretreatment lymph node biopsy, 83% of B cells (as defined by CD19 and surface immunoglobulin) expressed surface CD20. A biopsy from the recurrent tumor after two courses of rituximab revealed a diffuse large cell NHL where 0% of B cells expressed CD20 with no evidence of bound rituximab. Cytoplasmic staining showed no CD20 protein. Sequencing of immunoglobulin heavy chain cDNA identified identical variable sequences in the initial and recurrent lymphomas, confirming the association between the two tumors. Literature and database review suggests that approximately 98% of diffuse large cell lymphomas express CD20, which suggests that these tumors rarely survive without CD20. This is the first identified case of loss of CD20 expression in a lymphoma that has relapsed after rituximab therapy, although several other cases have since been identified. Considering the significant number of patients treated with anti-CD20 antibodies, this may occur only rarely and is unlikely to preclude recurrent therapy with anti-CD20 antibodies in the majority of patients. However, because many patients have relapsed after anti-CD20 antibody therapy and have not been biopsied to identify clones with down-regulated CD20 antigen, we do not currently know the true frequency of this phenomenon. When possible, patients should undergo evaluation for CD20 expression before repeated courses of anti-CD20 therapy.
Driver-adaptive lane departure warning systems (1999)

Contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................. i Abstract............................................................................................... iii Contents ................................................................................................v 1