gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Tetanus Neurotoxin Insensitive Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein (Ti-Vamp) in Vesicular Transport Mediating Neurite Outgrowth (2000)

How vesicular transport participates in neurite outgrowth is still poorly understood. Neurite outgrowth is not sensitive to tetanus neurotoxin thus does not involve synaptobrevin-mediated vesicular transport to the plasma membrane of neurons. Tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP) is a vesicle-SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein [NSF] attachment protein [SNAP] receptor), involved in transport to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells, a tetanus neurotoxin-resistant pathway. Here we show that TI-VAMP is essential for vesicular transport-mediating neurite outgrowth in staurosporine-differentiated PC12 cells. The NH(2)-terminal domain, which precedes the SNARE motif of TI-VAMP, inhibits the association of TI-VAMP with synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP25). Expression of this domain inhibits neurite outgrowth as potently as Botulinum neurotoxin E, which cleaves SNAP25. In contrast, expression of the NH(2)-terminal deletion mutant of TI-VAMP increases SNARE complex formation and strongly stimulates neurite outgrowth. These results provide the first functional evidence for the role of TI-VAMP in neurite outgrowth and point to its NH(2)-terminal domain as a key regulator in this process.
[Single nucleotide polymorphisms in XRCC1 and clinical response to platin-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. (2004)

Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene may have significant impact on the response of NSCLC patients to platin-based chemotherapy.
Intraarterial chemotherapy with polyoxyethylated castor oil free paclitaxel, incorporated in albumin nanoparticles (ABI-007) (2001)

Intraarterial administration of ABI-007 by percutaneous catheterization does not require premedication, is easy and reproducible, and has acceptable toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose in a single administration was 270 mg/m2. Most dose levels showed considerable antitumor activity (42 assessable patients with 80.9% complete response and partial response). The recommended Phase II dose is 230 mg/m2 every 3 weeks.
Model for the Factor VIIIa-dependent Decay of the Intrinsic Factor Xase (1996)

The intrinsic factor Xase complex (FXase) is comprised of a serine protease, FIXa, and a protein cofactor, FVIIIa, assembled on a phospholipid surface. Activity of FXase decays with time and reflects the lability of FVIIIa. Two mechanisms potentially contribute to this decay: (i) a weak affinity interaction between the FVIIIa A2 subunit and Al/A3-Cl-C2 dimer and (ii) FVIIIa inactivation resulting from FIXa-catalyzed proteolysis of the Al subunit. At low reactant concentrations (0.5 nm FVIIIa; 5 nm FIXa), FXase decay is governed by the inter-FVIIIa subunit affinity and residual activity approaches a value consistent with this equilibrium, as judged by reactions containing exogenous A2 subunit. Analysis using a mutant form of FVIII (FVIIIR336I) possessing an altered FIXa cleavage site, showed similar rates of FXase decay (0.12 min(-1)) and confirmed the lack of contribution of proteolysis under these conditions. When the concentration of FIXa was increased 10-fold, the initial rate of decay of FXase containing native FVIIIa increased (0.82 min(-1)) and paralleled the rate of proteolysis of Al subunit. However, the rate of decay of FXase containing the FVIIIaR336I was reduced (0.048 min(-1)) consistent with the elevated concentration of FIXa stabilizing the labile subunit structure of the cofactor. Reconstitution of FVIII with FIXa-cleaved light chain showed that cleavage at the alternate FIXa site (A3 domain) was not inhibitory to FXase. The presence of substrate FX resulted in a 10-fold reduction in the rate of FIXa-catalyzed proteolysis of FVIIIa. These results suggest a model whereby decay of FXase results from both FVIIIa subunit dissociation and FIXa-catalyzed cleavage, dependent upon the relative concentration of reactants, with greater contribution of the former at low values and, in the absence of substrate, greater contribution of the latter at high values.
Firewall monitoring using intrusion detection systems (2005)

Cognitive theories point to reduction in dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) as one mechanism involved in recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), yet research findings have shown individual differences in the recovery process. We tested the cognitive mediation hypothesis above in a previously published psychosocial group intervention among war-affected children. We also examined heterogeneity in children's PTCs during the intervention. We used a cluster randomized trial of Smith et al.'s (2002) teaching recovery techniques (TRT) intervention among 482 Palestinians 10-13 years of age (n = 242 for intervention group, n = 240 for control group). Children reported PTSS, PTCs, and depressive symptoms at baseline, midpoint, postintervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Path analysis results showed that TRT was not effective in reducing dysfunctional PTCs, and the reductions did not mediate intervention effects on PTSS. Using latent class growth analysis, we chose the model with 3 differing trajectories in the intervention group: high, decreasing, moderate, downward trending, and severe, stable levels of PTCs. Higher PTSS and depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with membership in the severe, stable trajectory. The intervention did not produce the kind of beneficial cognitive change needed in the cognitive mediation conceptualization. Nevertheless, cognitive changes differed substantially across children during the intervention, and were associated with their preintervention mental health status. These findings call for more detailed examination of the process of cognitive mediation.
Mutacin II, a bactericidal antibiotic from Streptococcus mutans (1995)

Mutacin II is an antibiotic that is produced by group II Streptococcus mutans. It inhibits the growth of other streptococci as well as many other gram-positive microorganisms by a hitherto unknown mechanism. Mutacin II possess bactericidal activity against susceptible cells. It transiently depolarizes the transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi) and the transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH) and partially inhibits amino acid transport. However, it rapidly depletes the intracellular ATP pool in glucose-energized cells and prevents the generation of ATP. It is concluded that mutacin II does not belong to the group of pore-forming antibiotics (type A) or to the type B antibiotics, which inhibit phospholipases or interfere with peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Mutacin II acts by inhibiting essential enzyme functions at the level of metabolic energy generation, an activity that has not yet been classified for antibiotics.
Clinical decision making in Barrett's oesophagus can be supported by computerized immunoquantitation and morphometry of features associated with proliferation and differentiation (1998)

Grading of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus has a therapeutic impact, but subjective grading is associated with substantial observer variation. Quantitative pathological methods could help to achieve a more accurate and reproducible diagnosis. In the present study, the immunoquantitation of p53 and Ki67 and the morphometric analysis of features associated with proliferation and differentiation were evaluated for this purpose. In slides of 35 oesophagectomy specimens, 73 areas that displayed either no dysplasia (ND), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or intramucosal carcinoma (ImCa) were initially considered. Agreement on double blind examination by two experienced pathologists was reached in 58 areas, which were used as the 'learning set'. The 15 areas of disagreement were used as a second set. In the univariate analysis, the most significant differences in the learning set were found for Ki67, p53, stratification index (SI), mean nuclear area, and volume. Further multivariate analysis showed that for discrimination between ND and LGD, the combination of Ki67 and SI resulted in 94 per cent correctly classified areas. Likewise, for the discrimination between LGD and HGD, Ki67 and SI were the most powerful combination (again, 94 per cent of areas classified correctly). The discrimination between HGD and ImCa with any combination of the quantitative parameters never exceeded 80 per cent correct classification. The addition of p53 was of no value in improving the discrimination of ND vs. LGD, or of LGD vs. HGD. In the 15 original disagreement areas of the initial set of 73, three of the five ND/LGD areas could be uniquely classified as either ND or LGD by Ki67 and SI. Moreover, three of the four LGD/HGD disagreement areas could be uniquely classified with the combination of Ki67 and SI as either LGD or HGD. We conclude that the quantitative assessment of cytometric and morphometric features associated with proliferation and differentiation (especially Ki67 and SI) can be a valuable adjunct tool for clinical decision making in Barrett's oesophagus.
Molecular Cloning and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymorphisms in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri (1991)

Lactobacillus strain ADH is a bile-resistant, bacteriocin-producing human isolate that was phenotypically classified within the Lactobacillus acidophilus group. Total DNA and phage DNA extracted from strain ADH were separately digested with BclI and ligated with BclI-digested pGK12. Following electroporation of these ligation mixtures directly into strain ADH, electrotransformants were recovered at frequencies of 1.5 x 10(3) and 2.0 x 10(4)/micrograms of pGK12 for preparations of pGK12::phage DNA and pGK12::total DNA, respectively. Among the electrotransformants screened, 6 and 22% contained passenger DNA of either phage DNA or chromosomal origin, respectively, as determined by restriction-enzyme analyses and hybridization assays. Derivatives of pGK12 containing passenger DNA of chromosomal (pTRK120) or phage (pTRK121) origin and pTRK15 (native cryptic plasmid) were evaluated for use as species-specific probes. The strain ADH-derived probes hybridized primarily to members of the B-1 and B-2 lactobacilli homology groups and demonstrated strain-specific polymorphisms within these groups. Identical hybridization patterns were established for strain ADH and Lactobacillus gasseri VPI 6033 (ATCC 19992). Identification of DNA probes and establishment of a host-vector cloning system have facilitated our efforts to characterize the Lactobacillus chromosome and to distinguish between closely related species thought to be important inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract.
Molecular Genetics of Bacteria (2014)

Molecular genetics of bacteria , Molecular genetics of bacteria , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Increased Low Grade Inflammatory Serum Markers in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and their Relationship to PPARγ Gene Variants (2008)

The Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disorder in premenopausal women and is associated with features of the insulin resistance syndrome, altered glucose homeostasis, and central obesity. Inflammation appears to be a link between obesity and insulin resistance, because adipose tissue is one major source of proinflammatory cytokines. Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma affects adipocyte differentiation as well as insulin sensitivity, we investigated whether the levels of proinflammatory factors in PCOS patients are related to sequence variations of the PPAR gamma gene. Proinflammatory cytokine levels, i.e. IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17 and TNFalpha, were evaluated in PCOS patients (n=21) in comparison to obese controls (n=120). Next to this the complete coding sequence of the PPAR gamma gene was investigated by resequencing all probands. We show that the levels of IL-8 and IL-17 were unchanged, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha were elevated and the level of IL-7 was decreased in PCOS patients compared to obese controls. Sequence analyses of the PPAR gamma gene indicated that neither the common polymorphisms P12A or H478 H, nor novel polymorphisms (E79Q, V32G, -39 T>C, c.480 +33 t > g,) or unique sequence variations (S22S, A23A, T41A, S226C, K272 T, I484I, c.819 +24 a>c) detected in this investigation revealed evidence for a direct association of PPAR gamma with altered IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha levels in PCOS patients. So, alterations in inflammatory serum markers appear to be a feature of PCOS per se, and are independent of PPAR gamma variants.
Nicotinamide and Other Benzamide Analogs as Agents for Overcoming Hypoxic Cell Radiation Resistance in Tumours (1995)

Oxygen deficient hypoxic cells, which are resistant to sparsely ionising radiation, have now been identified in most animal and some human solid tumours and will influence the response of those tumours to radiation treatment. This hypoxia can be either chronic, arising from an oxygen diffusion limitation, or acute, resulting from transient stoppages in microregional blood flow. Although clinical attempts to overcome hypoxia have met with some success, the results have been far from satisfactory, and efforts are still being made to find better methods. Extensive experimental studies, especially in the last decade, have shown that nicotinamide and structurally related analogs can effectively sensitise murine tumours to both single and fractionated radiation treatments and that they do so in preference to the effects seen in mouse normal tissues. The earliest studies suggested that this enhancement of radiation damage was the result of an inhibition of the repair mechanisms, as was well documented in vitro. However, recent studies in mouse tumours have shown that the primary mode of action actually involves a reduction in tumour hypoxia. More specifically, these drugs prevent transient cessations in blood flow, thus inhibiting the development of acute hypoxia. This novel discovery led to the suggestion that the potential role of these agents as radiosensitizers would be when combined with treatments that overcame chronic hypoxia. The first attempt to demonstrate this combined nicotinamide with hyperthermia and found that the enhancement of radiation damage by both agents together was greater than that seen with each agent alone. Similar results were later seen for nicotinamide combined with a perfluorochemical emulsion, carbogen breathing, and pentoxifylline, and in all these studies the effects in tumours were always greater than those seen in appropriate normal tissues. Of all the analogs, it is nicotinamide itself which has been the most extensively studied as a radiosensitizer in vivo and the one that shows the greatest effect in animal tumours. It is also an agent that has been well established clinically for the treatment of a variety of disorders, with daily doses of up to 6 g being considered reasonably safe and associated with a low incidence of side effects. This human dose is equivalent to 100-200 mg/kg in mice and such doses will maximally sensitize murine tumours to radiation. These findings have now resulted in phase I/II clinical trials of nicotinamide, in combination with carbogen breathing, as a potential radiosensitizing treatment.
Synthesis of 2′-O,3′-C-linked bicyclic nucleosides and bicyclic oligonucleotides (1997)

The 3′-C-allyl furanose 4 has been used as a precursor for synthesis of the novel 2′-O,3′-C-linked bicyclic thymine nucleosides 15, 16, 20 and 25. The three bicyclic β-nucleosides 15, 20 and 25 have been incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides. One of these nucleosides, dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivative 25, induces increased thermal stability of duplexes towards complementary RNA.
Effect of vasopressin on the mixing of portal venous blood in awake man (1977)

Transumbilical portal venous catheterization was performed in 11 patients for diagnostic selective portography. By use of a multiple-catheter technique, the effects of intravenous infusion of [8-lysine]vasopressin on portal venous mixing of tributary flows was measured by simultaneous blood sampling from the left and right portal branch, taking advantage of the oxygen saturation difference between splenic and superior mesenteric venous blood and also by infusion of 133Xe into one of the portal tributaries. Slight signs of incomplete portal mixing were observed at rest in eight of nine patients. During vasopressin infusion, the heterogeneity of oxygen saturation and xenon activity in the portal branches increased significantly. There was also a significant average shift of splenic venous blood toward the left portal branch with, in some patients, only splenic blood in this branch. Streamlining thus was a dynamic phenomenon related to the reduced and altered portal venous flow pattern. This must be considered during flow measurements, and might also have pathophysiological significance in liver diseases.
Room-Temperature Synthesis of GaN Nanopowder (2006)

Synthesis of GaN nanoparticles is reported at room temperature via a metathesis reaction. Diethyl ether greatly accelerates the reaction so that it occurs at a reasonable rate at room temperature. Electronic spectroscopy reveals evidence for excitonic quantum confinement in the unannealed product.
A methodology for evaluating storage systems in distributed and hierarchical video servers (2002)

Large scale multimedia systems combine technologies from audio and video systems, communications systems and computer systems. Multimedia systems store compressed video files digitally on a server that is shared by a large number of users. A video server is characterized by the number of simultaneous video streams it can support and by the size of the video library. Storage costs are a significant aspect of a video server because of the very large size of the objects. In setting up a video service, there is a choice between having one very large central server, multiple decentralized servers, or a hierarchical server structure. This paper discusses the scaling and cost issues in the server in order to provide information on how to balance server costs against communications costs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SB-203207 and SB-203208, Two Novel Isoleucyl tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors from a Streptomyces sp. I. Fermentation, Isolation and Properties. (2000)

Two novel inhibitors of isoleucyl tRNA synthetase designated SB-203207 and SB-203208 have been detected in the culture of a new Streptomyces species. The fermentation, isolation and some properties of the inhibitors are described.
Inhibiting the expression of DNA replication-initiation proteins induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. (2003)

DNA replication-initiation proteins are expressed in cancer cells, whereas some of these proteins are not expressed in nonproliferating normal cells. Therefore, replication-initiation proteins may present attractive targets for anticancer therapy. Using selected antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and small interfering RNA molecules targeted to the mRNA encoding the DNA replication-initiation proteins hCdc6p, hMcm2p, and hCdc45p, we show that the target genes could be effectively and specifically silenced and that, consequently, DNA replication and cell proliferation were inhibited in cultured human cells. In addition, silencing of these genes resulted in apoptosis in both p53-positive and -negative cancer cells but not in normal cells: cancer cells entered an abortive S-phase, whereas normal cells arrested mainly in G(1) phase. Our studies are the first to suggest that inhibiting the expression of selective replication-initiation proteins is a novel and effective anticancer strategy.
High-frequency oscillations and seizure generation in neocortical epilepsy (2004)

Neocortical seizures are often poorly localized, explosive and widespread at onset, making them poorly amenable to epilepsy surgery in the absence of associated focal brain lesions. We describe, for the first time in an unselected group of patients with neocortical epilepsy, the finding that high-frequency (60-100 Hz) epileptiform oscillations are highly localized in the seizure onset zone, both before and temporally removed from seizure onset. These findings were observed in all six patients with neocortical epilepsy out of 23 consecutive patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for pre-surgical evaluation during the study period. The majority of seizures (62%) in these patients were anticipated by an increase in high-frequency activity in the 20 min prior to neocortical seizure onset. Contrary to observations in normal brain, high-frequency activity was strongly modulated by behavioural state, and was maximal during slow-wave sleep, which may explain the propensity for neocortical onset seizures to begin during sleep. These findings point to an important role for neuromodulatory circuits, probably involving the thalamus, in mechanisms underlying seizure generation in neocortical epilepsy. These findings demonstrate that high-frequency epileptiform oscillations may prove clinically useful in localizing the seizure onset zone in neocortical epilepsy, for identifying periods of increased probability of seizure onset, and in elucidating mechanisms underlying neocortical ictogenesis. Confirmation that prolonged bursts of high-frequency activity may predict focal onset neocortical seizures will require prospective validation on continuous, prolonged recordings in a larger number of patients. Importantly, the results show that the dynamic range utilized in current clinical practice for localization of epileptogenic brain largely ignores fundamental oscillations that are signatures of an epileptogenic brain. It may prove that many currently available clinical EEG systems and EEG analysis methods utilize a dynamic range that discards clinically important information.
Can Luminescent Quantum Dots Be Efficient Energy Acceptors with Organic Dye Donors? (2005)

We assessed the ability of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) to function as energy acceptors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, with organic dyes serving as donors. Either AlexaFluor 488 or Cy3 dye was attached to maltose binding protein (MBP) and used with various QD acceptors. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed no apparent FRET from dye to QD. We attribute these observations to the dominance of a fast radiative decay rate of the donor excitation relative to a slow FRET decay rate. This is due to the long exciton lifetime of the acceptor compared to that of the dye, combined with substantial QD direct excitation.
Genetics of Streptococcus thermophilus: A Review (1989)

The genetics and molecular biology of several species of lactic acid bacteria have progressed impressively during the last years with a major emphasis on the mesophilic cheese lactococci. More recent efforts were also addressed to streptococci and lactobacilli. Among them, Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus) has received particular attention because of its use in yogurt and cheese manufacture. Several gene transfer techniques -conjugation, conjugative mobilization, spheroplast transformation, transduction, and electrotransformation-have been developed for this species. This enabled examination of the use of existing or newly constructed cloning vectors and elaboration of a first generation of expression vectors. Studies on both homologous and heterologous gene expression are being pursued in S. thermophilus. Ongoing research covers the lactose utilization determinants and reporter genes such as the one encoding for o~-amylase. Because of the potential problem of phage attack in dairy processes, collections of S. thermophilus bacteriophages have been analyzed and compared. In view of accumulating data collected for the thermophflic dairy streptococci, it may be concluded that their genetic modification is now feasible.