gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Germanium Nanowire-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Extending over 1000 Cycles Through in Situ Formation of a Continuous Porous Network (2014)

Here we report the formation of high-performance and high-capacity lithium-ion battery anodes from high-density germanium nanowire arrays grown directly from the current collector. The anodes retain capacities of ∼900 mAh/g after 1100 cycles with excellent rate performance characteristics, even at very high discharge rates of 20–100C. We show by an ex situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy study that this performance can be attributed to the complete restructuring of the nanowires that occurs within the first 100 cycles to form a continuous porous network that is mechanically robust. Once formed, this restructured anode retains a remarkably stable capacity with a drop of only 0.01% per cycle thereafter. As this approach encompasses a low energy processing method where all the material is electrochemically active and binder free, the extended cycle life and rate performance characteristics demonstrated makes these anodes highly attractive for the most demanding lithium-ion applications such as long-range battery electric vehicles.
Biomechanical aspects on rehydrated freeze‐dried human allograft dura mater tissues (1994)

Abstract Biomechanical properties of rehydrated freeze‐dried human dura mater tissues were studied. Scanning electron and polarized light analysis indicated a multilayered distribution of collagen fibers in the dura mater tissue. Uniaxial tensile testing of 95 test strips permitted determination of average values for failure stress (6.65 ± 0.14 MPa), failure strain (0.15 ± 0.003), tangent modulus (69.50 ± 1.29 MPa), elongation (0.56 ± 0.01), and tangent stiffness (12.53 ± 0.24 kN/m) of the dura mater tissue. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Salivary Cholesterol of Healthy Adults in Relation to Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Oral Health (1997)

Salivary lipids are mostly glandular in origin, but some are believed to diffuse directly from serum. This diffusion and the role of salivary lipids in oral health have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the serum and saliva cholesterol concentrations and oral health were analyzed in a group of healthy adults (n = 139; 64 men and 75 women; 34.2 +/- 5.2 yrs). Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was collected, centrifuged (10,000 x g; 30 min, 4 degrees C), and lyophilized, and the cholesterol and other neutral lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantified. The mean +/- SD (range) of saliva cholesterol concentration was 1.20 +/- 0.75 (0.02-5.46) mumol/L, and the saliva cholesterol level of men (1.36 +/- 0.85 mumol/L) was significantly higher than that of women (1.06 +/- 0.64 mumol/L; p < 0.05). Weak positive correlations between saliva and serum cholesterol concentrations and saliva cholesterol and serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were found (r = 0.22, p < 0.05; r = 0.28, p < 0.005, respectively). The saliva cholesterol assay detected subjects with high (> or = 6.5 mmol/L) serum cholesterol values, with sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 29%, respectively. A positive correlation between the body mass index and the level of saliva cholesterol concentration was also found (r = 0.31 p < 0.01). Oral health, microbial counts, or saliva flow rate revealed no differences in subjects with low and high salivary cholesterol level. We conclude that, in healthy adults, saliva cholesterol concentration reflects serum concentration to some extent and can be used to select individuals with high serum cholesterol levels.
Structure and Functional Expression of a Member of the Low Voltage-Activated Calcium Channel Family (1993)

Oscillatory firing patterns are an intrinsic property of some neurons and have an important function in information processing. In some cells, low voltage-activated calcium channels have been proposed to underlie a depolarizing potential that regulates bursting. The sequence of a rat brain calcium channel alpha 1 subunit (rbE-II) was deduced. Although it is structurally related to high voltage-activated calcium channels, the rbE-II channel transiently activated at negative membrane potentials, required a strong hyperpolarization to deinactivate, and was highly sensitive to block by nickel. In situ hybridization showed that rbE-II messenger RNA is expressed in regions throughout the central nervous system. The electrophysiological properties of the rbE-II current are consistent with a type of low voltage-activated calcium channel that requires membrane hyperpolarization for maximal activity, which suggests that rbE-II may be involved in the modulation of firing patterns.
Potent neutralizing activity associated with anti-glycoprotein D specificity among monoclonal antibodies selected for binding to herpes simplex virions (1985)

Thirty-three monoclonal antibodies were selected for ability to bind to purified virions of herpes simplex virus and were shown by immunoprecipitation to react with one or another of the envelope glycoproteins. Only six of these antibodies exhibited potent neutralizing activity, and all six were specific for glycoprotein D. Two other anti-glycoprotein D antibodies and 25 antibodies specific for four other viral glycoproteins had much less potent, if any, neutralizing activity.
Stable Isotope Techniques in Early Drug Development: An Economic Evaluation (1998)

Stable isotope labeled (SIL) drug methods are compared with standard methods for performing early (phases I and IIa) drug development studies (mass balance, bioavailability, single-dose volunteer and patient, multiple-dose volunteer and patient). SIL methods offer considerable reduction in the cost (> 50%) and number of subjects (67%) required for bioavailability and multiple-dose patient studies. Moreover, a complete early drug development program is described for optimally combining SIL and standard studies, which can reduce cost by 23% and number of subjects by 36% compared with a program using standard methods. These reductions should result in development time savings of at least one year.
Polyester Dendritic Systems for Drug Delivery Applications:  In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (2002)

High molecular weight polymers (> 20 000 Da) have been widely used as soluble drug carriers to improve drug targeting and therapeutic efficacy. Dendritic polymers are exceptional candidates for the preparation of near monodisperse drug carriers due to their well-defined structure, multivalency, and flexibility for tailored functionalization. We evaluated various dendritic architectures composed of a polyester dendritic scaffold based on the monomer unit 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid for their suitability as drug carriers both in vitro and in vivo. These systems are both water soluble and nontoxic. In addition, the potent anticancer drug, doxorubicin, was covalently bound via a hydrazone linkage to a high molecular weight 3-arm poly(ethylene oxide)-dendrimer hybrid. Drug release was a function of pH, and the release rate was more rapid at pH < 6. The cytotoxicity of the DOX-polymer conjugate measured on multiple cancer lines in vitro was reduced but not eliminated, indicating that some active doxorubicin was released from the drug polymer conjugate under physiological conditions. Furthermore, biodistribution experiments show little accumulation of the DOX-polymer conjugate in vital organs, and the serum half-life of doxorubicin attached to an appropriate high molecular weight polymer has been significantly increased when compared to the free drug. Thus, this new macromolecular system exhibits promising characteristics for the development of new polymeric drug carriers.
Automated Multiplex Assay System for Simultaneous Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA, Hepatitis C Virus RNA, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA (2001)

We have developed an automated multiplex system for simultaneously screening hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in blood donations. The assay, designated AMPLINAT MPX HBV/HCV/HIV-1 Test (AMPLINAT MPX), consists of virus extraction and target sequence-specific probe capture on specimen preparation workstation GT-X (Roche Diagnostics K.K., Tokyo, Japan) and amplification and detection by TaqMan PCR on the ABI PRISM 7700 Analyzer (Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). An internal control (IC) is incorporated in the assay to monitor the extraction, target amplification, and detection processes. The assay yields qualitative results without discrimination of the three targets. Detection limits (95% confidence interval) are 22 to 60 copies/ml for HBV, 61 to 112 IU/ml for HCV, and 33 to 66 copies/ml for HIV-1, using a specimen input volume of 0.2 ml. The AMPLINAT MPX assay detects a broad range of genotypes or subtypes for all three viruses and has a specificity of 99.6% for all three viruses with seronegative specimens. In an evaluation of seroconversion panels, the AMPLINAT MPX assay detects HBV infection an average of 24 days before the detection of HBsAg by enzyme immunoassay. HCV RNA was detected an average of 31 days before HCV antibody. HIV-1 RNA was detected an average of 14 days before HIV-1 antibody and an average of 9 days before p24 antigen. The Japanese Red Cross has been evaluating the AMPLINAT MPX system since October 1999. The clinical performance indicates that the AMPLINAT MPX system is robust, sensitive, and reproducible, with a high percentage of valid assay runs (96.8%), a low false-positive rate (0.34%), and a low IC failure rate (0.24%).
Microbial Phenazine Production Enhances Electron Transfer in Biofuel Cells (2005)

High-rate electron transfer toward an anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has thus far not been described for bacteria-producing soluble redox mediators. To studythe mechanism of electron transfer, we used a MFC isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KRP1. Bacterial electron transfer toward the MFC anode was enabled through pyocyanin and phenazine-1-carboxamide. The presence of the anode stimulated pyocyanin production. Mutant strains, deficient in the synthesis of pyocyanin and phenazine-1-carboxamide, were unable to achieve substantial electron transfer and reached only 5% of the wild type's power output. Upon pyocyanin addition, the power output was restored to 50%. Pyocyanin was not only used by P. aeruginosa to improve electron transfer but as well enhanced electron transfer by other bacterial species. The finding that one bacterium can produce electron shuttles, which can be used also by other bacteria, to enhance electron-transfer rate and growth, has not been shown before. These findings have considerable implications with respect to the power output attainable in MFCs.
Challenges of organ shortage for transplantation: solutions and opportunities. (2014)

Organ shortage is the greatest challenge facing the field of organ transplantation today. A variety of approaches have been implemented to expand the organ donor pool including live donation, a national effort to expand deceased donor donation, split organ donation, paired donor exchange, national sharing models and greater utilization of expanded criteria donors. Increased public awareness, improved efficiency of the donation process, greater expectations for transplantation, expansion of the living donor pool and the development of standardized donor management protocols have led to unprecedented rates of organ procurement and transplantation. Although live donors and donation after brain death account for the majority of organ donors, in the recent years there has been a growing interest in donors who have severe and irreversible brain injuries but do not meet the criteria for brain death. If the physician and family agree that the patient has no chance of recovery to a meaningful life, life support can be discontinued and the patient can be allowed to progress to circulatory arrest and then still donate organs (donation after circulatory death). Increasing utilization of marginal organs has been advocated to address the organ shortage.
SGLT Gene Expression in Primary Lung Cancers and Their Metastatic Lesions (2001)

Cancer cells show increased glucose uptake and utilization in comparison with their normal counterparts. Glucose transporters play an important role in glucose uptake. We previously reported the differential gene expression of the GLUT family in primary and metastatic lesions of lung cancer. To investigate the role of Na( +) / glucose cotransporter (SGLT) genes in cancers, we examined the levels of expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 genes in primary lung cancers and their metastatic lesions. Ninety-six autopsy samples (35 primary lung cancers, 35 corresponding normal lung tissues, 10 metastatic liver lesions, and 16 metastatic lymph nodes) from 35 patients were analyzed for SGLT1 and SGLT2 expression by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no significant differences in the level of expression of either gene between the primary lung cancers and normal lung tissues. The level of SGLT1 expression in the metastatic lesions and primary lung cancers did not differ significantly. The level of SGLT2 expression was, however, significantly higher in the metastatic lesions of both the liver and lymph node than in the primary lung cancers. These results suggest that SGLT2 plays a role in glucose uptake in the metastatic lesions of lung cancer.
Periodic Structures For Phase-Matching In Second Harmonic Generation In Titanium Lithium Niobate Wave Guides (1986)

Use of periodic modulation of lithium niobate waveguide properties to achieve phase-matching for second harmonic generation has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The mathematical description has been reduced to the same form of differential equations as for the unperturbed case, but with a modified coupling coefficient. A compact expression for the conversion efficiency has been derived for the case when simultaneous modulation of both the linear and nonlinear properties are taken into account. For the case of modulation of only the linear properties, second harmonic light has been obtained experimentally.
The inhibiting effect of soft paraffin on the Kobner response in psoriasis (1976)

White soft paraffin has been shown to inhibit the development of the isomorphic response (Kobner phenomenon) in psoriasis. The possible reasons for this are discussed and it is suggested that this finding has implications which should lead to a greater understanding of the nature of psoriasis.
Establishing a model to study the regulation of the lactose operon in Lactobacillus casei (1997)

The chromosomally encoded lactose-specific phosphoenol pyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) has been investigated in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 [pLZ15-] and it was considered an excellent system to study the regulation of the lactose operon. This chromosomal operon has been cloned and sequenced, being 99% homologous to that encoded on the plasmid pLZ64. Expression of the lactose operon in different mutants of L. casei ATCC 393 [pLZ15−] and primer extension analysis revealed that it is subject to a dual regulation: (i) glucose repression possibly mediated by CcpA and PTS elements, and (ii) induction by lactose through transcriptional antitermination.
Combinatorial effects of environmental parameters on transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A quantitative analysis of a compendium of chemostat-based transcriptome data. (2008)

OA Fund TU delft Background: Microorganisms adapt their transcriptome by integrating multiple chemical and physical signals from their environment. Shake-flask cultivation does not allow precise manipulation of individual culture parameters and therefore precludes a quantitative analysis of the (combinatorial) influence of these parameters on transcriptional regulation. Steady-state chemostat cultures, which do enable accurate control, measurement and manipulation of individual cultivation parameters (e.g. specific growth rate, temperature, identity of the growth-limiting nutrient) appear to provide a promising experimental platform for such a combinatorial analysis. Results: A microarray compendium of 170 steady-state chemostat cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented and analyzed. The 170 microarrays encompass 55 unique conditions, which can be characterized by the combined settings of 10 different cultivation parameters. By applying a regression model to assess the impact of (combinations of) cultivation parameters on the transcriptome, most S. cerevisiae genes were shown to be influenced by multiple cultivation parameters, and in many cases by combinatorial effects of cultivation parameters. The inclusion of these combinatorial effects in the regression model led to higher explained variance of the gene expression patterns and resulted in higher function enrichment in subsequent analysis. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the compendium and regression analysis for interpretation of shake-flask-based transcriptome studies and for guiding functional analysis of (uncharacterized) genes and pathways. Conclusion: Modeling the combinatorial effects of environmental parameters on the transcriptome is crucial for understanding transcriptional regulation. Chemostat cultivation offers a powerful tool for such an approach.
Response Properties of Dural Nociceptors in Relation to Headache (2006)

Single-unit electrophysiological recording studies have examined the activity of sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion that innervate the intracranial meninges to better understand their possible role in headache. A key question is whether the meningeal sensory neurons are similar to nociceptive neurons in other tissues or, alternatively, whether they have unique properties that might be of significance for headache pathogenesis and drug therapy. Such studies have indeed found that the intracranial dura is innervated by neurons that exhibit properties characteristic of nociceptors in other tissues, including chemosensitivity and sensitization. This sensitization, consisting of an enhanced responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, might be relevant to symptoms that are characteristic of certain headaches that indicate the presence of an exaggerated intracranial mechanosensitivity. Studies that examined whether the anti-migraine agent sumatriptan might inhibit this sensitization (in addition to its well-known inhibition of neurotransmitter release) found that it had no inhibitory effect but rather produced a calcium-dependent discharge, which might account for the initial worsening of headache that can follow sumatriptan administration. In studies that examined the effects of vasodilator agents, nitroprusside produced mixed effects on mechanosensitivity, whereas calciton gene-related peptide (CGRP) had no effect on either spontaneous or mechanically evoked discharge. These results call into question the role of vasodilation in headache and suggest that the role of CGRP in headache may be through its action as a central neurotransmitter rather than through vasodilation and activation of meningeal nociceptors. In general, studies of meningeal sensory neurons have not found evidence of unique properties that distinguish them from nociceptive neurons in other tissues. Ultimately the distinctive clinical characteristics of headache may prove to be related not so much to any differences in the intrinsic molecular or cellular properties of the meningeal sensory neurons but rather to the distinctive properties of the tissue that they innervate.
GNSS Multipath Error Modeling for Automotive Applications (2018)

In this paper, we provide GNSS multipath error models for automotive applications by leveraging methods used in aviation applications. These error models are intended for navigation integrity and continuity risk evaluation. We provide error models for code and carrier phase GNSS measurements under both static and dynamic multipath environments. The dynamic dataset was collected in realistic driving conditions for a vehicle traveling in an urban canyon and on a highway with overpasses and road signs. The static test was conducted in a more controlled environment, first, to precisely evaluate measurement errors under open sky, and then, to quantify the effect on multipath error of a semi-truck next to a car equipped with a commercial GNSS antenna. In this paper, we characterize the errors by the mean and standard deviation of a bounding Gaussian distribution and by the autocorrelation time constant of the measurement errors.
Immunobiology of infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding murine IL-2. Mechanisms of rapid viral clearance in immunocompetent mice (1991)

CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes mediate recovery from vaccinia virus (VV) infection. In mice, anti-VV Tc cells are detectable on or after day 3 after infection, and cytolytic activity peaks between days 5 and 6. A rVV encoding murine IL-2, VV-hemagglutinin (HA)-IL-2, was cleared more rapidly, compared with a control rVV, VV-HA-thymidine kinase (TK), from tissues of infected euthymic normal mice. The mechanism of VV-HA-IL-2 clearance was operative early in infection and correlated with an elevated NK cell response, before the induction of anti-VV Tc cell response. We have investigated the roles of NK cells, T cells, and IFN-gamma in the rapid clearance of VV-HA-IL-2, by using specific mAb. Depletion of NK cells with mAb significantly enhanced VV-HA-IL-2 but not VV-HA-TK titers 3 days after infection. NK cells alone could not account for rapid viral clearance, because VV-HA-IL-2 titers in NK cell-depleted mice were not comparable to VV-HA-TK titers. Treatment with a mAb to IFN-gamma completely abrogated the IL-2-induced mechanism(s) of VV-HA-IL-2 clearance, and titers of the IL-2-encoding virus were comparable to control virus titers. In addition, the elimination of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells resulted in significant increases in VV-HA-IL-2 titers.
Cannabidiol as a new treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex (2016)

Although double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are still necessary, these findings suggest that cannabidiol may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with refractory seizures in TSC.
Aerosolized Hyaluronic Acid Decreases Alveolar Injury Induced by Human Neutrophil Elastase (1998)

This laboratory has previously shown that an intratracheally instilled solution of hyaluronic acid (HA) protects the lung from elastase-induced airspace enlargement. In those studies, fluorescein-labeled HA was found to bind preferentially to lung elastic fibers, suggesting a mechanism for the protective effect. The current investigation extends these findings by examining the capacity of an aerosol preparation of HA to similarly inhibit elastase-induced lung injury. Syrian hamsters were exposed to aerosolized bovine tracheal HA (0.1% solution in water) for either 25 or 50 min, then immediately instilled intratracheally with 80 units of human neutrophil elastase. One week later the lungs were examined for airspace enlargement, using the mean linear intercept method. Animals exposed to HA for 50 min showed a significant decrease in airspace enlargement compared to controls exposed to aerosolized water alone (68.2 microm vs 85.9 microm; P < 0.05). The 25-min exposure to the HA aerosol also reduced the mean linear intercept compared to controls (73.7 microm vs 85.9 microm), but this decrease was not statistically significant. With regard to possible inflammatory effects of HA, there was no difference in the percentage of lavaged neutrophils between HA-treated and control lungs at 24 hr (1.4% vs 1.8%, respectively). As with earlier experiments using intratracheally instilled HA, aerosolized fluorescein-labeled HA was found to bind to lung elastic fibers. These results suggest that aerosolized HA may prevent elastase-mediated injury in pulmonary emphysema.