gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selected nanotechnologies for renewable energy applications (2007)

As the world faces serious energy challenges, the development and implementation of renewable energy technologies become increasingly important. In this article, we offer a glimpse of the role nanotechnology, in particular, innovations of nanostructures and nanomaterials, is playing in the development of selected renewable energy technologies. These technologies, based on the authors' research interests, include (1) converting the energy of sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells; (2) converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel by splitting water into its constituents; (3) storing hydrogen in solid-state forms; and (4) utilizing hydrogen to generate electricity through the use of fuel cells. It is clear that nanotechnology-enabled renewable energy technologies are starting to scale up dramatically. As they become mature and cost effective in the decades to come, renewable energy could eventually replace the traditional, environmentally unfriendly, fossil fuels. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid IPN Foam Composites (1991)

Novel hybrid IPN foam composites have been produced by simultaneous polymerisation and crosslinking of an unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester and polyether-based polyurethanes. The reinforcement for the composites con¬sisted of glass fibre continuous roving, continuous strand mats, and chopped glass fibres. In order to increase the bonding between the matrix resins and the reinforcing glass fibres, various acrylate and methacrylate monomers were used in combination with styrene, which enhanced both the impact strength and flexural modulus of the resulting foam composites. Physical properties of the hybrid IPN foam composites are compared with natural wood. These foam composites have considerable potential as wood substitutes in building and construction, marine, transportation, as well as in applications requiring corrosion and mildew resistance.
Inhibition of K and NK lymphocyte cytotoxicity by an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine. (1983)

Abstract A deficiency of adenosine deaminase is associated with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Intracellular accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) or S-adenosylhomocysteine has been proposed to result in impairment of immune effector cells. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the enzyme are under investigation for utility as cancer chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents. Although lymphocyte proliferation requires functional adenosine deaminase, little attention has been given to the importance of this enzyme in nonproliferative cell function. We investigated the effect of inhibition of this enzyme by 2'deoxycoformycin (dCF) on human lymphocyte antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and nonantibody-dependent cytotoxicity (non-ADCC). Human lymphocytes were incubated in vitro for 72 hr under the following conditions in complete RPMI and 10% fetal calf serum: a) medium alone; b) supplemented with dCF 10–6 M; c) supplemented with 2'deoxyadenosine (dAdo), 10–6 M; and d) supplemented with both dCF and dAdo. After incubation, the lymphocytes were thoroughly washed and were resuspended in fresh medium before use in the cytotoxicity assays. Lymphocytes exposed to the combination of dCF and dAdo had marked impairment (50%) in both ADCC and non-ADCC (p &amp;lt; 0.01). These functional impairments in both K and NK cell activity did not represent diminished cell viability or decreased frequency of binding of the lymphocytes to the target cells. Substantive changes in the intracellular nucleotide pools were not observed. These data suggest an immunosuppressive effect may be achievable in vivo with low doses of dCF that do not cause massive alteration of the intracellular nucleotide pools.
Cancer Immunotherapy Using In vitro Genetically Modified Targeted Dendritic Cells (2008)

Modest clinical outcomes of dendritic cell (DC) vaccine trials call for novel strategies. In this study, we have created a chimeric CD40 molecule that incorporates a single chain Fv (scFv) molecule specific for human ErbB2 antigen and fusing to the membrane spanning and cytosolic domains of murine CD40. After adenoviral transfer to bone marrow-derived DC, this chimeric receptor (CR) induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent DC activation and effector function when cultured with immobilized ErbB2 protein or ErbB2-positive tumor cells in vitro. In vivo migration assays showed that approximately 40% injected CR-modified DC (scFv-CD40-DC) effectively migrated to ErbB2-positive tumors, where they were activated after ErbB2 antigen stimulation, and sequentially homed into the draining lymph nodes. In murine ErbB2-positive D2F2/E2 breast tumor (BALB/c) and EL4/E2 thymoma (C57BL/6) models, i.v. injection of 1 x 10(6) scFv-CD40-DC significantly inhibited tumor growth and cured established tumors. Importantly, the cured mice treated by injection of scFv-CD40-DC were effective in preventing both ErbB2-positive and parental ErbB2-negative tumor rechallenge. Analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that i.v. infusion of scFv-CD40-DC elicited tumor-specific CTL responses, and the transfer of CTLs from scFv-CD40-DC-treated mice protected naive mice against a subsequent tumor challenge. These results support the concept that genetic modification of DC with tumor-associated antigen-specific CD40 chimeric receptor might be a useful strategy for treatment of human cancers.
Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin (2012)

Evidence that psilocybin enhances autobiographical recollection implies that it may be useful in psychotherapy either as a tool to facilitate the recall of salient memories or to reverse negative cognitive biases.
Capture and Amplification by Tailing and Switching (CATS) (2014)

Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies have paved the way into new areas of research including individualized medicine. However, sequencing of trace amounts of DNA or RNA still remains a major challenge, especially for degraded nucleic acids like circulating DNA. This together with high cost and time requirements impedes many important applications of MPS in medicine and fundamental science. We have established a fast, cheap and highly efficient protocol called 'Capture and Amplification by Tailing and Switching' (CATS) to directly generate ready-to-sequence libraries for MPS from nanogram and picogram quantities of both DNA and RNA. Furthermore, those DNA libraries are strand-specific, can be prepared within 2-3 h and do not require preliminary sample amplification steps. To exemplify the capacity of the technique, we have generated and sequenced DNA libraries from hundred-picogram amounts of circulating nucleic acids isolated from human blood plasma, one nanogram of mRNA-enriched total RNA from cultured cells and few nanograms of bisulfite-converted DNA. The approach for DNA library preparation from minimal and fragmented input described here will find broad application in diverse research areas such as translational medicine including therapy monitoring, prediction, prognosis and early detection of various human disorders and will permit high-throughput DNA sequencing from previously inaccessible material such as minute forensic and archeological samples.
Sindbis Virus Glycoproteins Are Abnormally Glycosylated in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Deprived of Glucose (1985)

We have previously demonstrated that Sindbis virus infection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells altered the protein glycosylation machinery of the cell, so that both normal, full-size (nine mannose-containing) oligosaccharides and abnormal, "truncated' (five mannose-containing) oligosaccharides are transferred from lipid-linked precursors to newly synthesized viral membrane glycoproteins. In the present studies, we have examined the precursor oligosaccharides on viral glycoproteins that were pulse-labelled with [3H]mannose in the presence or absence of glucose, since glucose starvation of uninfected CHO cells has been reported to induce synthesis of truncated precursor oligosaccharides. Pulse-labelling in the absence of glucose led to a greater than 10-fold increase in the relative amount of the truncated precursor oligosaccharides being transferred to the newly synthesized viral glycoproteins and to an apparent underglycosylation of some precursor viral polypeptides, with some asparaginyl sites not acquiring covalently linked oligosaccharides. The mature virion glycoproteins from CHO cells which were pulse-labelled in the absence of glucose and then 'chased' in the presence of glucose contained proportionately more unusual Man3GlcNAc2-size oligosaccharides. These small neutral-type oligosaccharides were apparently not as good a substrate for further processing into complex acidic-type oligosaccharides as the normal Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate that results from the full-size precursor oligosaccharides.
Abstract 5625: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) express Sialyl Tn (STn) and are a therapeutic target for anti-STn antibody drug conjugates (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are functionally defined by their capacity to suppress T cell immunity; therefore inhibiting these cells is of great interest for immuno-oncology applications. STn, the sialylated version of the carbohydrate Tn antigen, is broadly expressed in human cancers such as breast, ovarian, bladder, cervical, colon, and lung and is rarely expressed in normal adult human tissues. The presence of STn in tumors is associated with metastatic disease, poor prognosis, and reduced overall survival. Tumor STn expression is well established and can be leveraged for targeted cancer therapy, however its expression on immuno-suppressive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes such as MDSCs has not been established. Methods: We generated humanized anti-STn mAbs having no cross-reactivity to the asialylated form of STn (Tn) or other glycan antigens. The epitope targeted by these mAbs is the STn glycan itself, not a particular glycopeptide or carrier protein, which offers the broadest potential to bind to multiple STn-glycosylated proteins on cell surfaces. We used these mAbs to quantify specifically the expression of tumor and MDSC STn expression across a set of patient tumor samples. We further treated mice with a humanized anti-STn-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate to evaluate targeted depletion of STn+ MDSCs. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting this MDSC phenotype, we further evaluated the immunosuppressive environment of tumors containing STn+ and STn- MDSCs. Results: For the first time, we report the detection of STn on the surface of MDSCs in a growing body of patient tumor samples. Our data in patients as well as xenograft models additionally links STn expression on MDSCs to tumor cell STn expression. We have also demonstrated depletion of STn+ MDSCs after treatment with an anti-STn antibody-drug conjugate in an ovarian carcinoma xenograft model. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that STn provides a uniquely glycan-specific and potent target for treatment of solid tumors. Anti-STn therapeutics offer the potential to go beyond tumor targeting to also directly target and deplete immune-suppressive MDSCs, thus fostering immune re-engagement and increasing the potential for better patient outcomes. Citation Format: David A. Eavarone, Patricia E. Rao, Jillian M. Prendergast, Adam D. Curtis, Rong Zhang, Lindsay S. Shopland, Jenna N. Stein, Jeff Behrens, Daniel T. Dransfield. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) express Sialyl Tn (STn) and are a therapeutic target for anti-STn antibody drug conjugates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5625.
Technical Report: Cell thickness measurements by confocal fluorescence microscopy on C3H10T1/2 and V79 cells (1998)

Measurements of C3H10T1/2 and V79 cell thickness were performed on living cells by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. Thickness distributions are reported for cells growing as a monolayer (on mylar and glass) and suspended in their medium. Mean values for cells grown on mylar (corrected for refractive index effects) are 2.9 +/- 0.6 and 6.1 +/- 1.0 microm for C3H10T1/2 and V79 cells respectively. Mean values of the diameters of cells suspended in their medium are 13.0 +/- 1.6 and 9.3 +/- 1.4 microm for C3H10T1/2 and V79 respectively. Knowledge of cell thickness, as irradiated, is of central relevance for studying the relative biological effectiveness of low energy, poorly penetrating radiations. It can be concluded, from the measured cell thickness distributions, that with C3H10T1/2 cells grown on mylar, the LET variation through the whole cell is within 20% for protons and alpha-particles with energies down to 0.6 and 2.5 MeV respectively. From a comparison with thickness values reported in the literature for living or fixed embedded cells growing on plastic substrate, mean values between 2.4 and 3.4 microm and between 6 and 7.5 microm could be assumed for C3H10T1/2 cells and for the most widely used V79 cell lines respectively.
The Transferrin Binding Protein B of Moraxella catarrhalis Elicits Bactericidal Antibodies and Is a Potential Vaccine Antigen (1998)

The transferrin binding protein genes (tbpA and tbpB) from two strains of Moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. The genomic organization of the M. catarrhalis transferrin binding protein genes is unique among known bacteria in that tbpA precedes tbpB and there is a third gene located between them. The deduced sequences of the M. catarrhalis TbpA proteins from two strains were 98% identical, while those of the TbpB proteins from the same strains were 63% identical and 70% similar. The third gene, tentatively called orf3, encodes a protein of approximately 58 kDa that is 98% identical between the two strains. The tbpB genes from four additional strains of M. catarrhalis were cloned and sequenced, and two potential families of TbpB proteins were identified based on sequence similarities. Recombinant TbpA (rTbpA), rTbpB, and rORF3 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. rTbpB was shown to retain its ability to bind human transferrin after transfer to a membrane, but neither rTbpA nor rORF3 did. Monospecific anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were generated and used for immunoblot analysis, which demonstrated that epitopes of M. catarrhalis TbpA and TbpB were antigenically conserved and that there was constitutive expression of the tbp genes. In the absence of an appropriate animal model, anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were tested for their bactericidal activities. The anti-rTbpA antiserum was not bactericidal, but anti-rTbpB antisera were found to kill heterologous strains within the same family. Thus, if bactericidal ability is clinically relevant, a vaccine comprising multiple rTbpB antigens may protect against M. catarrhalis disease.
Near-field scanning photocurrent microscopy of a nanowire photodetector (2005)

A near-field scanning optical microscope was used to image the photocurrent induced by local illumination along the length of a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector made from an individual CdS nanowire. Nanowire MSM photodetectors exhibited photocurrents ∼105 larger than the dark current (&amp;lt;2pA) under uniform monochromatic illumination; under local illumination, the photoresponse was localized to the near-contact regions. Analysis of the spatial variation and bias dependence of the local photocurrent allowed the mechanisms of photocarrier transport and collection to be identified, highlighting the importance of near-field scanning photocurrent microscopy to elucidating the operating principles of nanowire devices.
Application of immunomagnetic cell enrichment in combination with RT‐PCR for the detection of rare circulating head and neck tumor cells in human peripheral blood (2007)

Detection of rare, circulating tumor cells (CTC's) in human peripheral blood is a potential indicator of prognosis and diagnosis in oncology. Typical methods to detect these CTC's are either by immunocytochemistry (ICCS) or RT-PCR. However without accurate, rapid, and reproducible enrichment processes, these detection techniques are labor intensive and/or unreliable. In this article, a repeatable enrichment process that included a flow-through immunomagnetic cell separation system, the quadrupole magnetic sorter (QMS) was optimized with the aid of a statistical analysis software package. The QMS was operated in a negative mode of operation by immunomagnetically targeting normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) through the CD45 surface marker. Three head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (HNSCC), Detroit-562, SCC-4, and CAL-27, were used to determine the sensitivity of RT-PCR for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in spiked PBL. The detection purity needed for detection was found to be one cell in 10(4), one cell in 10(3), and one cell in 10(5) for the Detroit-562, SCC-4, and CAL-27, respectively. The actual number of cancer cells needed for RT-PCR detection ranged from 30 to 1 cell. To mimic the potential concentration of rare CTC present in peripheral blood of cancer patients, the spiking concentration was chosen to be one cancer cell per 10(5) total leukocytes from healthy donors. Using a single step immunomagnetic labeling, the final, optimized enrichment process produced a 57.6 +/- 30.3-fold (n = 6) enrichment of the rare cancer cells with a final cancer cell recovery of (77.8 +/- 6.6)%.
Optimal trellis-based buffered compression and fast approximations (1994)

The authors formalize the description of the buffer-constrained adaptive quantization problem. For a given set of admissible quantizers used to code a discrete nonstationary signal sequence in a buffer-constrained environment, they formulate the optimal solution. They also develop slightly suboptimal but much faster approximations. These solutions are valid for any globally minimum distortion criterion, which is additive over the individual elements of the sequence. As a first step, they define the problem as one of constrained, discrete optimization and establish its equivalence to some of the problems studied in the field of integer programming. Forward dynamic programming using the Viterbi algorithm is shown to provide a way of computing the optimal solution. Then, they provide a heuristic algorithm based on Lagrangian optimization using an operational rate-distortion framework that, with computing complexity reduced by an order of magnitude, approaches the optimally achievable performance. The algorithms can serve as a benchmark for assessing the performance of buffer control strategies and are useful for applications such as multimedia workstation displays, video encoding for CD-ROMs, and buffered JPEG coding environments, where processing delay is not a concern but decoding buffer size has to be minimized.
Lý luận và thực tiễn nghiên cứu sử dụng bản đồ địa chính xây dựng vùng giá trị đất đai và bản đồ giá đất (2012)

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Cancer Patient T Cells Genetically Targeted to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Specifically Lyse Prostate Cancer Cells and Release Cytokines in Response to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (1999)

The expression of immunoglobulin-based artificial receptors in normal T lymphocytes provides a means to target lymphocytes to cell surface antigens independently of major histocompatibility complex restriction. Such artificial receptors have been previously shown to confer antigen-specific tumoricidal properties in murine T cells. We constructed a novel zeta chain fusion receptor specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) termed Pz-1. PSMA is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed on prostate cancer cells and the neovascular endothelium of multiple carcinomas. We show that primary T cells harvested from five of five patients with different stages of prostate cancer and transduced with the Pz-1 receptor readily lyse prostate cancer cells. Having established a culture system using fibroblasts that express PSMA, we next show that T cells expressing the Pz-1 receptor release cytokines in response to cell-bound PSMA. Furthermore, we show that the cytokine release is greatly augmented by B7.1-mediated costimulation. Thus, our findings support the feasibility of adoptive cell therapy by using genetically engineered T cells in prostate cancer patients and suggest that both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte functions can be synergistically targeted against tumor cells.
Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pannon (P‐30 Protein), A Novel Anticancer Agent (1988)

P-30 Protein is a novel protein, of molecular weight approximately 15 KD, obtained from the extract of a vertebrate tissue showing in vivo antitumour activity. Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of this product in its purified form (P-30 Protein) or in partially purified extracts (Pannon) were studied in vitro on human leukaemic HL-60, human submaxillary carcinoma A-253, human colon adenocarcinoma Colo 320 CM and murine erythroleukaemia (Friend leukaemia) cell lines. Of these cells, HL-60, A-253 and Colo 320 CM were sensitive and Friend leukaemia resistant to this agent. The effects were time- and concentration-dependent. During the initial 24-48 h of treatment, a slowdown in cell proliferation was apparent but cell death was not extensive. After 24-48 h, there was a reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle and the cells became preferentially arrested in G1 phase. The G1 cells showed high heterogeneity with respect to RNA content and some cells were characterized by very low RNA content. Progressive cell death occurred in cultures maintained with Pannon for up to 7 d in proportion to its concentration. Reductions of 50 and 90% in clonogenicity of A-253 cells were observed during their growth in the presence of 0.13 and 1.5 micrograms/ml of this protein, respectively. Exponentially growing cells were more sensitive to Pannon compared with cells from confluent cultures. Colonies of A-253 cells growing in the presence of Pannon were much smaller in size compared with control colonies, indicating that the rate of proliferation of clonogens is reduced by this agent. It appears that P-30 Protein induces cytostatic effects via modulation of cell transition to quiescence or differentiation. The mechanism of its cytotoxic activity is unclear.
Elements of pattern theory (1997)

Although pattern and image analysis has its conceptual foundations in the mathematical sciences, it is now applied widely in many other areas of science. It embodies the techniques used to evaluate and compare the patterns, shapes, and other images, natural and artificial, that may range from such electronic forms as CAT scans and satellite images to patterns as ancient as the non-random assembly of letters that comprise a language. This book is aimed at both the student of mathematics and the specialist who works with patterns in other fields, such as biology and medicine. It begins by examining the nature of patterns and what distinguishes them from randomness. It then provides the mathematical foundation for the concepts and phenomena introduced. Finally, it provides examples and demonstrations of computer algorithms that permit the reader to recreate and explore some of the patterns discussed in the book.