gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of glycerophospholipid molecular species in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fatty acid pattern of phospholipid classes and selective acyl turnover at sn‐1 and sn‐2 positions (1994)

Acyl chains linked to phospholipids of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are mainly C16:1 and C18:1 accompanied by minor amounts of C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0. In view of this rather simple fatty acid composition, the question arose whether in yeast, as in higher eukaryotes, fatty acyl groups were characteristically distributed among the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of distinct phospholipid classes. Analysis of fatty acids linked to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the major phospholipids showed that indeed saturated fatty acyl groups predominated in the sn-1 positions. While the percentage of saturated fatty acids was low (10%) in phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) from cells grown on rich medium, it was higher in phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) (25%) and highest in phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (41%). Oleate was mainly linked to position sn-2, while palmitoleate predominated in position sn-1. Striking differences in the fatty acid distribution of phospholipids that are metabolically closely related (e.g. PtdSer and PtdEtn, PtdEtn and PtdCho, and PtdIns and PtdSer) suggest that pathways must exist for the generation of distinct phospholipid molecular species within the different phospholipid classes. The highly selective incorporation of exogenous [14C]palmitic acid (90%) and [3H]oleic acid (99%) into the sn-2 position of PtdCho, and the preferential incorporation of these fatty acids into the sn-2 position of PtdEtn (70 and 90%, respectively, for palmitic and oleic acid) are compatible with the postulate that phospholipase A2-mediated deacylation followed by reacylation of the lysophospholipids is involved in the generation of phospholipid species in yeast.
XML-based data preparation for robust deep parsing (2001)

We describe the use of XML tokenisation, tagging and mark-up tools to prepare a corpus for parsing. Our techniques are generally applicable but here we focus on parsing Medline abstracts with the ANLT wide-coverage grammar. Hand-crafted grammars inevitably lack coverage but many coverage failures are due to inadequacies of their lexicons. We describe a method of gaining a degree of robustness by interfacing POS tag information with the existing lexicon. We also show that XML tools provide a sophisticated approach to pre-processing, helping to ameliorate the 'messiness' in real language data and improve parse performance.
Making sense out of nonsense (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system responses to mixed meal ingestion in healthy young and old subjects and dysautonomic patients with postprandial hypotension. (1993)

1) In healthy elderly subjects, the maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis after food ingestion is associated with an increase in HR, forearm vascular resistance, cardiac index, and plasma NE. In both young and old, systemic vascular resistance is maintained. 2) Dysautonomic patients with postprandial hypotension fail to maintain systemic vascular resistance after a meal. This impairment in vascular response to meal ingestion may underlie the development of postprandial hypotension. 3) The measurement of mean HR or plasma NE does not adequately characterize autonomic cardiac control. Power spectral analysis suggests an impairment in the postprandial autonomic modulation of HR in healthy elderly and dysautonomic subjects, possibly predisposing to hypotension when vascular compensation is inadequate.
Further results on the performance evaluation of the split channel reservation multiple access protocol ATP-2 for local area networks (1988)

The adaptive reservation protocol, referred to as ATP-2, uses two frequency separated subchannels, the request and information subchannels, for the request and information packets. The nature of the accessing algorithms for these two subchannels characterizes the overall ATP-2 protocol quality. Extended ATP-2 performance results are presented and a comparison is made between the ATP-2 and some other well-known multiple-access protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regularity extraction via clan-based structural circuit decomposition (1999)

Identifying repeating structural regularities in circuits allows the minimization of synthesis, optimization, and layout efforts. We introduce in this paper a novel method for identifying a set of repeating circuit structures, referred to as templates, and we report on using an efficient binate cover solver to select an appropriate subset of templates with which to cover the circuit. Our approach is comprised of three steps. First, the circuit graph is decomposed in a hierarchical inclusion parse tree using a clan-based decomposition algorithm. This algorithm discovers clans, grouping of nodes in the circuit graph that have a natural affinity towards each other. Second, the parse tree nodes are classified into equivalence classes. Such classes represent templates suitable for circuit covering. The final step consists of using a binate cover solver to find an appropriate cover. The cover will consist of instantiated templates and gates that cannot be covered by any templates. We describe the results of applying this algorithm to several circuits, and show that the algorithm is effective in extracting structural regularity.
Determinants of cognitive change after coronary artery bypass surgery: a multifactorial problem (1999)

Change in cognition after CABG is associated with both medical and surgical variables. The specifics of these associations depend on the choice of time points after surgery. This suggests that there are multiple etiologies for these changes, with nonspecific effects of anesthesia and prolonged surgery interacting with the more specific effects of the surgical procedure itself.
Expression microarray reproducibility is improved by optimising purification steps in RNA amplification and labelling (2004)

This protocol provides targets that generate highly reproducible microarray data with good representation of transcripts across the size spectrum and a coefficient of repeatability significantly better than that reported previously.
The Effects of Endohyphal Bacteria on Anti-Cancer and Anti-Malaria Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi (2012)

Endophytes - the diverse, ubiquitous microbes that inhabit healthy plant tissues-- have proven to play a promising role in advancements in medicine due to their bioactivity against many pathogenic agents- such as bacteria, cancer cell lines, and malarial parasites. Based on preliminary data, endohyphal bacteria that have been found to inhabit certain endophytes may affect their metabolite production. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether diverse bioactive endophytes harbor endohyphal bacteria, which frequently are fastidious and can’t be cultured independently. A molecular cloning approach, through which two PCR enzyme mixes were compared, revealed that 1 out of 14 bioactive endophytes screened was positive for endohyphal bacteria (7.14%). BLAST analysis of 16s rRNA sequence data indicated a top match to the genus Caulobacter, a Gram-negative genus of bacteria commonly found in soil and water. Previous work by colleagues has found related strains of endohyphal bacteria in other strains of endophytes, which brings attention to this particular bacterium in assessing endohyphal bacteria and their ecological roles. Further testing of endophytes immediately after isolation from plant tissue, rather than from long-term vouchers, might be more effective in documenting endohyphal bacteria. For those that do harbor detectable infections, curing the endophytes of their endohyphal bacteria then assessing their metabolic activity would reveal whether or not the bacteria plays a major role for metabolite production and efficiency of endophytes against pathogens.
Human Amnion Membrane Serves as a Substratum for Growing Axons in Vitro and in Vivo (1987)

The epithelial cell layer of human amnion membrane can be removed while the basement membrane and stromal surfaces remain morphologically intact. Such a preparation has been used as a substratum for the in vitro culture of dissociated neurons. Embryonic motor neurons from chick ciliary ganglion attached to both surfaces but grew extensive neurites only on the basement membrane. On cross sections of rolled amnion membranes, regenerating axons of cultured neurons were guided along pathways of basement membrane that were immunoreactive with an antibody to laminin. In addition, when rolled amnion membranes were implanted into a lesion cavity between the rat septum and hippocampus, cholinergic neurons extended axons through the longitudinally oriented implant into the hippocampus. Thus, this amnion preparation can serve as a bridge to promote axonal regeneration in vivo in damaged adult brain.
Thermal polymerization of unsaturated fatty esters normal methyl linoleate (1949)

Summary Debromination methyl linoleate has been polymerized at 290° and 300° for varying periods, and analysis has been made for monomer, dimer, trimer, normal, and conjugated linoleate. The disappearance of normal linoleate follows a first order reaction rate with values of K=0.10 hr. −1 at 300° and 0.05 hr. −1 at 290°. Polymerization of mixtures of normal and conjugated linoleate indicate that dimer may be formed by their reaction with each other. The value for K, the first order reaction velocity constant for disappearance of normal linoleate, decreases to a limiting value on dilution with methyl stearate. This limiting value is about one‐fourth that obtained on undiluted linoleate. The above facts are qualitatively explained by assuming that the mechanism of dimerization of normal linoleate is extensively: N»C relatively slow N+C→D relatively rapid.
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. <h3>Methods</h3> A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. <h3>Results</h3> A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
c-Myc transactivation of LDH-A : Implications for tumor metabolism and growth (1997)

Cancer cells are able to overproduce lactic acid aerobically, whereas normal cells undergo anaerobic glycolysis only when deprived of oxygen. Tumor aerobic glycolysis was recognized about seven decades ago; however, its molecular basis has remained elusive. The lactate dehydrogenase-A gene (LDH-A), whose product participates in normal anaerobic glycolysis and is frequently increased in human cancers, was identified as a c-Myc-responsive gene. Stably transfected Rat1a fibroblasts that overexpress LDH-A alone or those transformed by c-Myc overproduce lactic acid. LDH-A overexpression is required for c-Myc-mediated transformation because lowering its level through antisense LDH-A expression reduces soft agar clonogenicity of c-Myc-transformed Rat1a fibroblasts, c-Myc-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells, and Burkitt lymphoma cells. Although antisense expression of LDH-A did not affect the growth of c-Myc-transformed fibroblasts adherent to culture dishes under normoxic conditions, the growth of these adherent cells in hypoxia was reduced. These observations suggest that an increased LDH-A level is required for the growth of a transformed spheroid cell mass, which has a hypoxic internal microenvironment. Our studies have linked c-Myc to the induction of LDH-A, whose expression increases lactate production and is necessary for c-Myc-mediated transformation.
Bayesian labelling of corners using a grey-level corner image model (2002)

We present a recasting of corner detection to a problem in statistical pattern recognition which we then address with a simple feedforward neural network. The resulting classifier is a robust, threshold-free corner detector which labels with (approximate) Bayesian posterior probabilities; this is in contrast to conventional feature detectors which produce binary labels contingent on a heuristically set threshold. We have generated the training data for our classifier using a grey-level model of the corner feature which permits sampling of the pattern space at arbitrary density as well as providing a validation set to assess the classifier generalisation. Results are presented for real images and the robustness illustrated over a well-known state-of-the-art conventional corner detector.
Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Role of Interferon in Follicular Lymphoma (2005)

When given in the context of relatively intensive initial chemotherapy, and at a dose >/= 5 million units (>/= 36 x 10(6) units per month), IFN-alpha2 prolongs survival and remission duration in patients with follicular lymphoma.
Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article by Wittmaack (2011)

status: Published
Allergy Testing for Skin Disease in the CatIn VivovsIn VitroTests (1993)

Abstract— The results of in vitro and in vivo tests for 36 cats with signs suggestive of allergic skin disease were compared. The cats were presented to the dermatology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, with a variety of skin conditions. Intradermal skin testing with flea extract alone (six cats) or combined with a panel of 40 inhalant altergens (30 cats) was employed. Serum samples were tested with a commercial IgE ELISA against flea extract and 36 inhalant allergens. A diagnosis of flea bite hypersensitivity was made in 18 cats, atopic disease in nine cats and food hypersensitivity in one cat. Intradermal skin testing gave a positive predictive value in over 85 per cent of flea allergic cases and 100 per cent of atopic cases; the IgE ELISA test demonstrated relatively low predictive values for flea allergy and atopic disease and was not considered to be a useful diagnostic test. Résumé— Les résultats de tests in vitro et in vivo faits chez 36 chats ayant des symptômes évocateurs d'une dermite allergique ont été comparés. Des tests cutanés à la seule puce (six chats) ou combinés avec un panel de pneumallergènes (30 chats) ont été utilisés. Les sérums ont été testés avec un kit commercial de dosages d'IgE spécifiques de la puce et de 36 pneumallergènes par technique EIA. Un diagnostic de dermite par hyperseensibilité aux piqùres de puce a été fait chez 18 chats, une atopie chez neuf et une hypersensibilité d'origine alimentaire chez un. Les tests cutanés avaient une valeur prédictive de 85% pour les allergies à la puce et 100% pour les cas d'atopie; les tests IgE EIA avaient une valeur prédictive assez faible et n'ont pas été considérés comme étant un test utilisable en diagnostic. Resumen En este artículo se comparan los resultados de pruebas in vivo e in vitro efectuadas en 36 gatos con cuadro clínico indicativo de alergias cutáneas. Éstos animales fueron presentados en la sección de Dermatología del departamento de medicina de la Universidad de Bristol con una variedad de condiciones cutäneas. En las pruebas de invecciones intradérmicas se utilizaron alergenos de extracto de pulga solos o combinados con un panel de 40 alergenos inhalatorios (30 gatos). También se llevaron a cabo pruebas de suero con el test comercial de IgE ELISA para el extracho de pulga y 36 de los alergenos inhalatorios. En 18 de los gatos se diagnostico hipersensitividad a las pulgas, en nueve atopía y solo uno hipersensitividad a los alimentos. Las pruebas intradérmicas produjeron una predictividad positiva en 85% de los casos de alergia a las pulgas y 100% de los casos de atopía. Sin embargo el test ELISA de IgE produjo una baja predictividad relativa en los casos de hipersensitividad a las pulgas y casos de atopía y no se consideró como un test de gran utilidad diagnóstica.
Prolonged Disease-Free Survival after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with a Poor Prognosis (1987)

Despite advances in the primary treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, relapse is common and treatment after relapse is unsatisfactory. Autologous bone marrow transplantation, although sometimes successful, has generally had disappointing results. We conducted a trial of such transplantation in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, using strict criteria in selecting patients; we included only those in whom disease was minimal after conventional treatment (nodal disease less than 2 cm and bone marrow involvement less than or equal to 5 percent on histologic examination) and whose tumor cells expressed the B1 antigen. Forty-nine patients meeting these criteria received cyclophosphamide and whole-body irradiation supported by transplantation of autologous bone marrow that had been treated in vitro with anti-B1 monoclonal antibody and complement. All patients had features of a poor prognosis, including relapse from primary chemotherapy, histologic conversion to more aggressive disease, and extra-nodal dissemination. Thirty-three patients had a history of bone marrow involvement--16 at the time that marrow was obtained. Hematologic and immunologic engraftment was achieved in all patients. Only two treatment-related deaths occurred, from venoocclusive disease of the liver and intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively. Disease-free remission without maintenance therapy has lasted from greater than 2 to greater than 52 months in 34 patients (median follow-up, greater than 11 months). These results are similar to those obtained in patients with advanced, high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with primary combination chemotherapy. This study demonstrates that autologous bone marrow transplantation has tolerable toxicity and high efficacy in a subset of patients who are otherwise incurable but still responsive to cytoreductive therapy. The results suggest a role for such transplantation in the treatment of selected patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Silicon wafer bonding studied by infrared absorption spectroscopy (1994)

The interface of hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si wafers joined at room temperature is studied using multiple internal transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy as a function of 30-min annealing steps in N2 atmosphere up to 1100 °C. For hydrophilic wafers, water molecules are observed up to 300 °C, silanol groups up to 900 °C, and hydrogen up to 1000 °C. The absence of water spectral features above 300 °C implies that, if present, water molecules are mostly oriented in a plane parallel to the interface. For the hydrophobic wafers, the temperature dependence of the Si–H stretch spectra shows that the majority of H does not participate in the bonding, pointing to the role of impurities or defects.
Free-Living Heterotrophic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Fuel-Contaminated Antarctic Soils (2002)

Five bacterial isolates enriched from fuel-contaminated Antarctic soils fixed nitrogen in the dark heterotrophically and nonsymbiotically. Two isolates utilized jet fuel vapors and volatile hydrocarbons for growth but not in N-deficient medium. Bacteria such as these may contribute to in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons in Antarctic soils.
Age-Related Differences in Volumes of Subcortical Nuclei, Brain Matter, and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Healthy Men as Measured With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1992)

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the volumes of brain, subcortical gray matter nuclei, and the ventricular and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid in 27 healthy men. Subjects were divided into young (less than 35 years, n = 10) and old (greater than 60 years, n = 17) groups. Volumes were normalized as percent intracranial volume. Older subjects had significantly less brain mass and significantly larger ventricular and peripheral cerebrospinal fluid volumes than the younger men. The caudate and lenticular nuclei were significantly smaller in older than younger men. This significant difference remained when their volumes were expressed as a ratio of cerebral brain matter volume. This cross-sectional study demonstrates age-related atrophy and concurrent dilation of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in healthy subjects. Of brain regions affected, the caudate and lenticular nuclei are significantly more affected by healthy aging than is cerebral brain matter; this may account for some of the motor abnormalities in aging.
Inhibition of experimental carcinogenesis by painting with garlic extract (1990)

The inhibitory effect of topical garlic extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters was studied to define the local anticarcinogenicity of garlic. Two other chemicals, benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 5-nitroso-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (NTP), were also testing materials. All chemicals were applied topically to the cheek pouches of hamsters. The tumorigenesis and architecture of blood vessels on pouch mucosa were examined periodically. The amount of DNA synthesis and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity of the pouch mucosa was detected when the animals were killed. The anticarcinogenicity of garlic and other chemicals was determined by comparing the data obtained from all the examinations with each other and with those shown in the control animals. The apparent local inhibitory effect of garlic on DMBA-induced carcinogenesis was demonstrated, which was even stronger than those of BP and NTP. It suggests that garlic could be developed as a potential chemopreventive agent for oral cancer. This study also disclosed that the examination parameters used were reliable and reproducible. Therefore, they might be utilized for screening the anticarcinogenicity of materials or for early diagnosis of carcinogenesis. The animal model could also be adopted appropriately in evaluating the inhibitory effect of other materials on experimental carcinogenesis because of its comparability.