gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Propeptides of the Vitamin K-dependent Proteins Possess Different Affinities for the Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase (1999)

The vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase catalyzes the modification of specific glutamates in a number of proteins required for blood coagulation and associated with bone and calcium homeostasis. All known vitamin K-dependent proteins possess a conserved eighteen-amino acid propeptide sequence that is the primary binding site for the carboxylase. We compared the relative affinities of synthetic propeptides of nine human vitamin K-dependent proteins by determining the inhibition constants (Ki) toward a factor IX propeptide/gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain substrate. The Ki values for six of the propeptides (factor X, matrix Gla protein, factor VII, factor IX, PRGP1, and protein S) were between 2-35 nM, with the factor X propeptide having the tightest affinity. In contrast, the inhibition constants for the propeptides of prothrombin and protein C are approximately 100-fold weaker than the factor X propeptide. The propeptide of bone Gla protein demonstrates severely impaired carboxylase binding with an inhibition constant of at least 200,000-fold weaker than the factor X propeptide. This study demonstrates that the affinities of the propeptides of the vitamin K-dependent proteins vary over a considerable range; this may have important physiological consequences in the levels of vitamin K-dependent proteins and the biochemical mechanism by which these substrates are modified by the carboxylase.
Endocrine basis for puberty in heifers and ewes. (1995)

Maturation processes that culminate in puberty and sexual maturity are initiated before birth, continue through prepuberty (> 50 days before puberty) and peripuberty (50 days before puberty) and are completed early after puberty. The hypothalamus is the primary site of change during transition to sexual maturity. Maturation of the hypothalamus results from decreased negative feedback of oestradiol that leads to increased frequency of release of LH pulses. Increased tonic release of LH pulses during sexual maturation is the primary endocrine factor that regulates the onset of puberty in ewe lambs and heifers. Increased frequency of release of LH pulses enhances development of ovarian follicles which produce enough oestradiol to induce behavioural oestrus and a preovulatory surge of gonadotrophins. In later stages of peripuberty, ovulation or luteinization of follicles results in transient increases in progesterone for shorter periods than is typical for luteal phases of the oestrous cycle of mature ewes and cows. Transient increases in progesterone are not generally preceded by behavioural oestrus. After the demise of the transient luteal structures, puberty is attained with occurrence of the first behavioural oestrus that is accompanied by ovulation and development of a corpus luteum with a typical lifespan. At puberty, all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis are in place for oestrous cycles to be expressed. Factors that can influence the pubertal rise in release of LH pulses are genotype, gender, season of year when pubertal age is attained, growth or nutritional intake, social cues or treatment with exogenous progestins. Sexual maturation continues after puberty with an enhanced probability of pregnancy occurring from actions of ovarian steroids at the uterus.
NOEY2 (ARHI), an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene in ovarian and breast carcinomas (1999)

Using differential display PCR, we have identified a gene [NOEY2, ARHI (designation by the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee)] with high homology to ras and rap that is expressed consistently in normal ovarian and breast epithelial cells but not in ovarian and breast cancers. Reexpression of NOEY2 through transfection suppresses clonogenic growth of breast and ovarian cancer cells. Growth suppression was associated with down-regulation of the cyclin D1 promoter activity and induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1). In an effort to identify mechanisms leading to NOEY2 silencing in cancer, we found that the gene is expressed monoallelically and is imprinted maternally. Loss of heterozygosity of the gene was detected in 41% of ovarian and breast cancers. In most of cancer samples with loss of heterozygosity, the nonimprinted functional allele was deleted. Thus, NOEY2 appears to be a putative imprinted tumor suppressor gene whose function is abrogated in ovarian and breast cancers.
Hairy Sensation (2013)

The hairs of the skin not only function to prevent heat loss but also have important sensory functions. Recent work has now established that each hair of the skin is innervated by one or more of three types of mechanoreceptor ending. Each of these three mechanoreceptor types possesses distinct molecular features and detects distinctive information about skin touch, which is relayed to specific brain locations in a somatotopic fashion.
Assembly and Topography of the Prepore Complex in Cholesterol-dependent Cytolysins (2003)

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins are a family of poreforming proteins that have been shown to be virulence factors for a large number of pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism of pore formation for these toxins involves a complex series of events that are known to include binding, oligomerization, and insertion of a transmembrane beta-barrel. Several features of this mechanism remain poorly understood and controversial. Whereas a prepore mechanism has been proposed for perfringolysin O, a very different mechanism has been proposed for the homologous member of the family, streptolysin O. To distinguish between the two models, a novel approach that directly measures the dimension of transmembranes pores was used. Pore formation itself was examined for both cytolysins by encapsulating fluorescein-labeled peptides and proteins of different sizes into liposomes. When these liposomes were re-suspended in a solution containing anti-fluorescein antibodies, toxin-mediated pore formation was monitored directly by the quenching of fluorescein emission as the encapsulated molecules were released, and the dyes were bound by the antibodies. The analysis of pore formation determined using this approach reveals that only large pores are produced by perfringolysin O and streptolysin O during insertion (and not small pores that grow in size). These results are consistent only with the formation of a prepore complex intermediate prior to insertion of the transmembrane beta-barrel into the bilayer. Fluorescence quenching experiments also revealed that PFO in the prepore complex contacts the membrane via domain 4, and that the individual transmembrane beta-hairpins in domain 3 are not exposed to the nonpolar core of the bilayer at this intermediate stage.
Stable Image Reconstruction Using Total Variation Minimization (2013)

This paper presents near-optimal guarantees for stable and robust image recovery from undersampled noisy measurements using total variation minimization. In particular, we show that from $O(s\log(N))$ nonadaptive linear measurements, an image can be reconstructed to within the best $s$-term approximation of its gradient up to a logarithmic factor, and this factor can be removed by taking slightly more measurements. Along the way, we prove a strengthened Sobolev inequality for functions lying in the null space of a suitably incoherent matrix.
Intracellular trafficking of a tagged and functional mammalian olfactory receptor (2001)

Tagged G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been used to facilitate intracellular visualization of these receptors. We have used a combination of adenoviral vector gene transfer and tagged olfactory receptors to help visualize mammalian olfactory receptor proteins in the normal olfactory epithelium of rats, and in cell culture. Three recombinant adenoviral vectors were generated carrying variously tagged versions of rat olfactory receptor I7. The constructs include an N-terminal Flag epitope tag (Flag:I7), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion protein (EGFP:I7), and a C-terminal EGFP fusion (I7:EGFP). These receptor constructs were assayed in rat olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and in a heterologous system (HEK 293 cell line) for protein localization and functional expression. Functional expression of the tagged receptor proteins was tested by electroolfactogram (EOG) recordings in the infected rat olfactory epithelium, and by calcium imaging in single cells. Our results demonstrate that the I7:EGFP fusion protein and Flag:I7 are functionally expressed in OSNs while the EGFP:I7 fusion is not, probably due to inappropriate processing of the protein in the cells. These data suggest that a small epitope tag (Flag) at the N-terminus, or EGFP located at the C-terminus of the receptor, does not affect ligand binding or downstream signaling. In addition, both functional fusion proteins (Flag:I7 and I7:EGFP) are properly targeted to the plasma membrane of HEK 293 cells.
Model for determining of MTTF for safety related electronical systems by Monte Carlo simulation by means of a 2oo4-system (2006)

The Monte Carlo Simulation is one possibility to calculate safety parameters like MTTF for safety related systems. With this simulation the real world of failure on demand of a safety function is simulated using random numbers. The MTTF-value can be calculated directly via Monte Carlo Simulation or with the help of distributions like χ2 - or Student-distribution. Important is the fact, that a high number of simulation cycles and/or a large simulation time is used.
Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: first analyses of the Canadian Registry of VTE (1994)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) occur in pediatric patients; however, the incidence, associated morbidity, and mortality are unknown. A Canadian registry of DVT and PE in children (ages 1 month to 18 years) was established July 1, 1990 in 15 tertiary-care pediatric centers. One-hundred thirty-seven patients were identified prospectively and are the subject of this report. The incidence of DVT/PE was 5.3/10,000 hospital admissions or 0.07/10,000 children in Canada. Infants under 1 year old and teenagers predominated with equal numbers of both sexes. DVT were located in the upper (n = 50) and lower (n = 79) venous system, or as PE alone (n = 8). Central venous lines (CVLs) were present in approximately 33% of children with DVT (n = 45). Associated conditions were present in 96% of children and 90% of children had two or more associated conditions for DVT. DVT was diagnosed by venography (n = 83), duplex ultrasound (n = 37), and other combinations (n = 17). Twenty-two of the 31 ventilation/perfusion scans performed were interpreted as high-probability scans for PE. Therapy consisted of heparin (n = 115), thrombolysis (n = 15), surgical removal of a CVL or thrombus (n = 22), and oral anticoagulant therapy (n = 103). Significant bleeding complications did not occur. However, three (2.2%) children died as a direct consequence of their thromboembolic disease; DVT reoccurred in 23 children and postphlebitic syndrome (PPS) occurred in 26. In conclusion, DVTs occur in a significant number of hospitalized children with a mortality of 2.2%. Complications are not hemorrhagic, but thrombotic, and characterized by PE, recurrent disease, and PPS. In contrast to adults, the upper venous system is frequently affected because of the use of CVLs. The frequency of DVT/PE justifies controlled trials of primary prophylaxis in high-risk groups, and therapeutic trials to determine optimal treatment.
Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (2000)

Several recent reports have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be frequently transmitted to the recipients from donors who have antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) through liver transplantation. We provide here the molecular evidence of latent HBV infection accompanied with ongoing viral replication in the liver tissue of anti-HBc-positive healthy individuals. HBV DNA was detectable in 13 of 14 healthy donors who were positive for both anti-HBc and antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), but in none of 3 who were positive for anti-HBs alone. The detected HBV genomes from these subjects included covalently closed circular DNA and pregenomic RNA, the replication intermediate of HBV. Notably, 5 of 7 cases tested were predominantly infected with wild type HBV strains without any mutations in the precore and core promoter regions under the presence of circulating antibody to hepatitis B e antigen. Interestingly, a predominant clone detected in one donor showed a 63-nucleotide deletion in the precore region including an encapsidation signal sequence. Our findings indicate that the majority of healthy individuals positive for anti-HBc, which had been assumed to denote a past history of transient HBV infection, were latently infected with the episomal form of HBV accompanied by ongoing viral replication and few nucleotide mutations in the precore and core regions.
The interaction of short-chain fatty acids with adipose tissue: relevance for prevention of type 2 diabetes (2010)

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main bacterial metabolites of colonic fermentation processes. The physiological relevance of the SCFA for the host outside the gastrointestinal tract is getting increased attention. In this review we will focus on the effect of SCFA on inflammation processes in the host in relation to insulin resistance. Obesity has been associated with a pro-inflammatory state of the adipose tissue that is associated with whole body insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes. Recently, two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for SCFA, GPCR 41 and GPCR43, were described that are mainly expressed by immune cells but also by adipose tissue. Propionate can induce the satiety hormone leptin and reduce expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines indicating that SCFA have anti-inflammatory effects in human adipose tissue. In addition, in human nutritional experiments we observed that whole grain products could counteract a glucose-induced tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 increase which was associated with increased plasma butyrate concentrations. This suggests that dietary fibre can produce a SCFA profile that could have anti-inflammatory effects in the body. The physiological relevance of these observations especially in relation to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance is discussed.
Relationships of Free Lipids with Quality Factors in Hard Winter Wheat Flours (2002)

ABSTRACT Hard winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) flours ( n = 72) were analyzed for free lipids (FL) and their relationships with quality parameters. The two main glycolipid (GL) classes showed contrary simple linear correlations ( r ) with quality parameters. Specifically, kernel hardness parameters, flour yields, and water absorptions had significant negative correlations with monogalactosyldiglycerides (MGDG) but positive correlations with digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDG). MGDG showed negative correlations with gluten content but positive correlations with gluten index. The percentages of DGDG in FL had significant positive correlations among cultivars ( n = 12) with mixograph and bake mix times ( r = 0.71, P &lt; 0.01 and r = 0.67, P &lt; 0.05, respectively), mixing tolerance ( r = 0.67, P &lt; 0.05), and bread crumb grain score ( r = 0.71, P &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that increasing DGDG in FL could contribute to enhancing wheat quality attributes including milling, dough mixing, and breadmaking quality characteristics. FL content and composition (ratio of MGDG or DGDG to GL) supplement flour protein content to develop prediction equations of mixograph mix time ( R 2 = 0.89), bake mix time ( R 2 = 0.76), and loaf volume ( R 2 = 0.72).
Palladium(0)-catalyzed thioboration of terminal alkynes with 9-(alkylthio)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives: stereoselective synthesis of vinyl sulfides via the thioboration-cross-coupling sequence (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium(0)-catalyzed thioboration of terminal alkynes with 9-(alkylthio)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives: stereoselective synthesis of vinyl sulfides via the thioboration-cross-coupling sequenceTatsuo Ishiyama, Kohichi Nishijima, Norio Miyaura, and Akira SuzukiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7219–7225Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1316Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (937 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The tubular thermosyphon : variations on a theme (1992)

Introduction The simple, tubular thermosyphon The evaporative, tubular thermosyphon The rotating, tubular thermosyphon Related devices Selected bibliography Index.
Linked open data in sensor data mashups (2009)

Abstract. Sensors and the real-time data they produce are novel sources of information which need to be integrated into the Semantic Web at very large scale. Most of the time such data is locked inside specific applications and only accessible within organizational boundaries. Publishing and integrating sensor data across these islands is difficult and laborintensive. In this paper we present an approach and an infrastructure which makes sensor data available following the linked open data principle and enables the seamless integration of such data into mashups. SensorMasher publishes sensor data as Web data sources which can then easily be integrated with other (linked) data sources and sensor data. Raw sensor readings and sensors can be semantically described and annotated by the user. These descriptions can then be exploited in mashups and in linked open data scenarios and enable the discovery and integration of sensors and sensor data at large scale. The user-generated mashups of sensor data and linked open data can in turn be published as linked open data sources and be used by others. Key words: Mashup, sensor web, semantic sensor data 1
Mesh generation for implicit geometries (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2005.
Immunological identification of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on bovine chromaffin cells (1987)

Two probes previously shown to distinguish the nicotinic ACh receptor of chick ciliary ganglion neurons also recognize a component on the surface of bovine chromaffin cells in culture that displays the properties expected for the chromaffin nicotinic ACh receptor. The first probe is a monoclonal antibody, mAb 35, raised against ACh receptor from Electrophorus electric organ, and the second is an alpha-neurotoxin, Bgt 3.1, purified from B. multicinctus venom. mAb 35 binds specifically to a single class of high-affinity sites on the chromaffin cells in culture. Scatchard analysis indicates a KD of 2.1 +/- 0.2 nM for the binding and a Bmax of 1.6 +/- 0.1 X 10(4) mAb 35 sites per cell. The number of sites on the cells can be reduced through modulation by exposure of the cells to Bgt 3.1. The modulation can be blocked by the cholinergic ligands d-tubocurarine and carbamylcholine. Long-term exposure to the agonist carbamylcholine alone also reduces the number of mAb 35 binding sites. Bgt 3.1 inhibits nicotine-induced catecholamine release from the cells to the same extent and with the same concentration dependence that it modulates the number of mAb 35 sites on the cells. In addition, mAb 35 treatment of the cells causes a specific and almost complete blockade of nicotine-induced catecholamine release, apparently through a modulation of the receptor. These results indicate that the bovine chromaffin component recognized by mAb 35 and Bgt 3.1 is likely to be the nicotinic ACh receptor on the cells and that it has many similarities to ACh receptors on chick autonomic neurons.
Characterization of plasma‐induced graft polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto silicone rubber (1994)

Abstract Graft copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as attempted onto the surface of silicone rubber membrane, which was pretreated by Ar‐plasma, then exposed in oxygen to introduce a peroxide group. The effect of the amount of HEMA grafted on Arplasma‐treated and graft copolymerization was examined for various parameters of power, pressure, time, reaction time, and concentration of HEMA aqueous solution. The surfaces were characterized by ATR–FTIR, ESCA, contact angle, and SEM. PHEMA was indicated by ATR–FTIR and ESCA analysis to be present successfully onto the grafted surface of silicone rubber membrane. The stable wettability, as demonstrated once the PHEMA grafted films, indicated contact with a hydrated environment by the study of contact angle. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The Actin Cross-linking Domain of the Vibrio cholerae RTX Toxin Directly Catalyzes the Covalent Cross-linking of Actin (2006)

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that exports enterotoxins to alter host cells and to elicit diarrheal disease. Among the secreted toxins is the multifunctional RTX toxin, which causes cell rounding and actin depolymerization by covalently cross-linking actin monomers into dimers, trimers, and higher multimers. The region of the toxin responsible for cross-linking activity is the actin cross-linking domain (ACD). In this study, we further investigated the role of the ACD in the actin cross-linking reaction. We show that the RTX toxin cross-links actin independently of tissue transglutaminase, thus eliminating an indirect model of ACD activity. We demonstrate that a fusion protein of the ACD and the N-terminal portion of lethal factor from Bacillus anthracis (LF(N)ACD) has cross-linking activity in vivo and in crude cell extracts. Furthermore, we determined that LF(N)ACD directly catalyzes the formation of covalent linkages between actin molecules in vitro and that Mg(2+) and ATP are essential cofactors for the cross-linking reaction. In addition, G-actin is proposed as a cytoskeletal substrate of the RTX toxin in vivo. Future studies of the in vitro cross-linking reaction will facilitate characterization of the enzymatic properties of the ACD and contribute to our knowledge of the novel mechanism of covalent actin cross-linking.