gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) in growth and metastasis of INA6 myeloma cells (2014)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are linked in various hematologic malignancies. The aim of the study was to understand the role of BTK in myeloma cell growth and metastasis using the stably BTK knockdown luciferase-expressing INA6 myeloma line. BTK knockdown had reduced adhesion to stroma and migration of myeloma cells toward stromal cell-derived factor-1. BTK knockdown had no effect on short-term in vitro growth of myeloma cells, although clonogenicity was inhibited and myeloma cell growth was promoted in coculture with osteoclasts. In severe combined immunodeficient-rab mice with contralaterally implanted pieces of bones, BTK knockdown in myeloma cells promoted their proliferation and growth in the primary bone but suppressed metastasis to the contralateral bone. BTK knockdown myeloma cells had altered the expression of genes associated with adhesion and proliferation and increased mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In 176 paired clinical samples, BTK and CXCR4 expression was lower in myeloma cells purified from a focal lesion than from a random site. BTK expression in random-site samples was correlated with proportions of myeloma cells expressing cell surface CXCR4. Our findings highlight intratumoral heterogeneity of myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment and suggest that BTK is involved in determining proliferative, quiescent or metastatic phenotypes of myeloma cells.
Induction of IgE Antibody Responses by GlutathioneS-Transferase from the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica) (1997)

We report that a major 23-kDa allergen from German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18; GST). Natural B. germanica GST, purified from cockroach body extracts by glutathione affinity chromatography, and recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli using the pET21a vector, showed excellent IgE antibody binding activity. B. germanica GST caused positive immediate skin tests in cockroach-allergic patients using as little as 3 pg of recombinant protein. The NH2-terminal sequence of the natural protein and the deduced amino acid sequence from cDNA were identical except for one substitution (Phe9 --> Cys). Assignment of this protein to the GST superfamily was based on binding to glutathione and sequence identity (42-51%) to the GST-2 subfamily from insects, including Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. B. germanica GST contained 18 of the 26 invariable residues identified in mammalian GST by x-ray crystallography and exhibited enzymic activity against a GST substrate. Our results show that cockroach GST causes IgE antibody responses and is associated with asthma. The data strongly support the view that the immune response to GST plays an important role in allergic diseases.
On Using Encryption Techniques to Enhance Sticky Policies Enforcement (2008)

Abstract. How to enforce privacy policies to protect sensitive personal data has become an urgent research topic for security researchers, as very little has been done in this field apart from some ad hoc research efforts. The sticky policy paradigm, proposed by Karjoth, Schunter, and Waid-ner, provides very useful inspiration on how we can protect sensitive per-sonal data, but the enforcement is very weak. In this paper we provide an overview of the state of the art in enforcing sticky policies, especially the concept of sticky policy enforcement using encryption techniques includ-ing Public-Key Encryption (PKE), Identity-Based Encryption (IBE), Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE), and Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE). We provide detailed comparison results on the (dis)advantages of these enforcement mechanisms. As a result of the analysis, we provide a gen-eral framework for enhancing sticky policy enforcement using Type-based PRE (TPRE), which is an extension of general PRE. 1
Efficient implementations of complex and real valued filter banks for comparative subband processing with an application to adaptive filtering (1998)

In this paper, we discuss efficient methods to implement correlation type algorithms in subbands. Based on a polyphase representation, a modulated GDFT filter bank with arbitrary integer decimation ratio can be performed at minimum cost, yielding complex subband signals. Real valued subbands can be achieved by appropriate postprocessing of the complex filter bank. Algorithm specific, complex or real implementation may be better suited, for which we present criteria. For the example of subband adaptive filtering as applied in acoustic echo cancellation, we compare a number of algorithms with respect to their best implementation.
An Immunological Approach Reveals Biological Differences between the Two NDF/Heregulin Receptors, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 (1996)

The group of subtype I transmembrane tyrosine kinases includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB-1), an orphan receptor (ErbB-2), and two receptors for the Neu differentiation factor (NDF/heregulin), namely: ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. Here we addressed the distinct functions of the two NDF receptors by using an immunological approach. Two sets of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 were generated through immunization with recombinant ectodomains of the corresponding receptors that were fused to immunoglobulin. We found that the shared ligand binds to highly immunogenic, but immunologically distinct sites of ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. NDF receptors differed also in their kinase activities; whereas the catalytic activity of ErbB-4 was activable by mAbs, ErbB-3 underwent no activation by mAbs in living cells. Likewise, down-regulation of ErbB-4, but not ErbB-3, was induced by certain mAbs. By using the generated mAbs, we found that the major NDF receptor on mammary epithelial cells is a heterodimer of ErbB-3 with ErbB-2, whereas an ErbB-1/ErbB-2 heterodimer, or an ErbB-1 homodimer, is the predominant species that binds EGF. Consistent with ErbB-2 being a shared receptor subunit, its tyrosine phosphorylation was increased by both heterologous ligands and it mediated a trans-inhibitory effect of NDF on EGF binding. Last, we show that the effect of NDF on differentiation of breast tumor cells can be mimicked by anti-ErbB-4 antibodies, but not by mAbs to ErbB-3. Nevertheless, an ErbB-3-specific mAb partially inhibited the effect of NDF on cellular differentiation. These results suggest that homodimers of ErbB-4 are biologically active, but heterodimerization of the kinase-defective ErbB-3, probably with ErbB-2, is essential for transmission of NDF signals through ErbB-3.
Anaerobic growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A on carbon monoxide: An unusual way of life for a methanogenic archaeon (2004)

All methanogenic Archaea examined to date rely on methanogenesis as their sole means of energy conservation. Among these are ones that use carbon monoxide as a growth substrate, producing methane via a pathway that involves hydrogen as an intermediate. To further examine the role of hydrogen in this process, we tested the ability of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, a metabolically versatile methanogen devoid of significant hydrogen metabolism, to use CO as a growth substrate. M. acetivorans grew on CO to high cell densities (approximately 1 x 10(8) per ml) with a doubling time of approximately 24 h. Surprisingly, acetate and formate, rather than methane, were the major metabolic end products as shown by 13C NMR studies and enzymatic analysis of culture supernatants. Methane formation surpassed acetate/formate formation only when the cultures entered stationary growth phase, strongly suggesting that M. acetivorans conserves energy by means of this acetogenic and formigenic process. Resting cell experiments showed that methane production decreased linearly with increasing CO partial pressures, consistent with inhibition of methanogenesis by CO. Transposon-induced M. acetivorans mutants with lesions in the operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase failed to use either acetate or CO as growth substrates, indicating that these enzymes are required for both aceticlastic methanogenesis and carboxidotrophic acetogenesis. These findings greatly extend our concept of energy conservation and metabolic versatility in the methanogenic Archaea.
Protein solubility: sequence based prediction and experimental verification (2006)

We present a machine-learning approach called PROSO to assess the chance of a protein to be soluble upon heterologous expression in Escherichia coli based on its amino acid composition. The classification algorithm is organized as a two-layered structure in which the output of primary support vector machine (SVM) classifiers serves as input for a secondary Naive Bayes classifier. Experimental progress information from the TargetDB database as well as previously published datasets were used as the source of training data. In comparison with previously published methods our classification algorithm possesses improved discriminatory capacity characterized by the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.434 between predicted and known solubility states and the overall prediction accuracy of 72% (75 and 68% for positive and negative class, respectively). We also provide experimental verification of our predictions using solubility measurements for 31 mutational variants of two different proteins.
Reaction-diffusion model for thermal growth of silicon nitride films on Si (2000)

Thermal growth of ultrathin silicon nitride films on Si in ${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$ is modeled as a dynamic system governed by reaction-diffusion equations. Solution of the model yields profiles of the involved species consistent with experimental observations of a stoichiometric silicon nitride layer in the near-surface region and a subnitride layer of comparable thickness in the near-interface region. Self-limited growth kinetics are also obtained from the model equations in good agreement with experimental results, owing to a diffusion barrier layer to the nitridant species formed in the near-surface region by stoichiometric silicon nitride.
Degree of fetal umbilical venous constriction at the abdominal wall in a low‐risk population at 20–40 weeks of gestation (2002)

Constriction of the umbilical ring is a common phenomenon in the second half of pregnancy.
Cooperative binding of the Xenopus RNA polymerase I transcription factor xUBF to repetitive ribosomal gene enhancers. (1992)

Upstream binding factor (UBF) is a DNA-binding transcription factor implicated in ribosomal gene promoter and enhancer function in vertebrates. UBF is unusual in that it has multiple DNA-binding domains with homology to high-mobility-group (HMG) nonhistone chromosomal proteins 1 and 2. However, a recognizable DNA consensus sequence for UBF binding is lacking. In this study, we have used gel retardation and DNase I footprinting to examine Xenopus UBF (xUBF) binding to Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene enhancers. We show that UBF has a minimum requirement for about 60 bp of DNA, the size of the short enhancer variant in X. laevis. Stronger UBF binding occurs on the longer enhancer variant (81 bp) and on multiple enhancers linked head to tail. In vivo, Xenopus ribosomal gene enhancers exist in blocks of 10 alternating 60- and 81-bp repeats within the intergenic spacer. In vitro, UBF binds cooperatively to probes with 10 enhancers, with five intermediate complexes observed in titration experiments. This suggests that, on average, one UBF dimer binds every two enhancers. A single UBF dimer can produce a DNase I footprint ranging in size from approximately 30 to about 115 bp on enhancer probes of different lengths. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that multiple DNA-binding domains or subdomains within UBF bind independently, forming more-stable interactions on longer probes.
HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in immunologically normal HIV-infected persons (1998)

Direct HIV-specific CTL activity mediated by activated circulating PBMC was undetectable in six INHI individuals under conditions where it is frequently observed in HIV disease progressors. Despite the absence of cells activated for killing HIV-infected targets in the circulation of these individuals, they appeared able to control their HIV infection by maintaining normal levels of CD4 and CD8 cells and low viral load.
Cooperative caching: using remote client memory to improve file system performance (1994)

Emerging high-speed networks will allow machines to access remote data nearly as quickly as they can access local data. This trend motivates the use of cooperative caching: coordinating the file caches of many machines distributed on a LAN to form a more effective overall file cache. In this paper we examine four cooperative caching algorithms using a trace-driven simulation study. These simulations indicate that for the systems studied cooperative caching can halve the number of disk accesses, improving file system read response time by as much as 73%. Based on these simulations we conclude that cooperative caching can significantly improve file system read response time and that relatively simple cooperative caching algorithms are sufficient to realize most of the potential performance gain.
Management of seizures and epilepsy. (1998)

While the evaluation and treatment of patients with seizures or epilepsy is often challenging, modern therapy provides many patients with complete seizure control. After a first seizure, evaluation should focus on excluding an underlying neurologic or medical condition, assessing the relative risk of seizure recurrence and determining whether treatment is indicated. Successful management of patients with recurrent seizures begins with the establishment of an accurate diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome followed by treatment using an appropriate medication in a manner that optimizes efficacy. The goal of therapy is to completely control seizures without producing unacceptable medication side effects. Patients who do not achieve complete seizure control should be referred to an epilepsy specialist, since new medications and surgical treatments offer patients unprecedented options in seizure control.
Serum Amyloid P Component and C-Reactive Protein Mediate Phagocytosis Through Murine FcγRs (2001)

The pentraxins, serum amyloid P component (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase serum proteins in mice and humans, respectively. Although SAP binds to DNA and chromatin and affects clearance of these autoantigens, no specific receptor for SAP has been identified. CRP is an opsonin, and we have shown that it binds to FcgammaR. Mice deficient in FcgammaR were used to assess the role of these receptors in phagocytosis by pentraxins using zymosan as a ligand. Phagocytosis of zymosan by bone marrow macrophages (BMM) was enhanced by opsonization with SAP or CRP. BMM from mice deficient in all three FcgammaR or in gamma-chain ingested unopsonized zymosan, but phagocytosis of SAP- or CRP-opsonized zymosan was not enhanced. SAP binding to BMM from gamma-chain-deficient mice was also greatly reduced, indicating little or no binding of SAP to FcgammaRII. SAP and CRP opsonized zymosan for phagocytosis by BMM from mice deficient in FcgammaRII or FcgammaRIII. SAP, but not CRP, opsonized zymosan for uptake by neutrophils that express only low levels of FcgammaRI. Together these results indicate that FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII are receptors for SAP in the mouse. Opsonization of zymosan by CRP is mediated through FcgammaRI. Pentraxins are major proteins of the innate immune system and arose earlier in evolution than Igs. The use of FcgammaR by the pentraxins links innate and adaptive immunity and may have important consequences for processing, presentation, and clearance of the self-Ags to which these proteins bind.
Abstract PR227 (2016)

Background & Objectives: Sedative premedicants may not allow full psychomotor recovery in children leading to risk of injury after discharge. This study aims to compare oral midazolam and nasal dexmedetomidine for their effects on psychomotor recovery in children. Materials & Methods: A randomized double blind study was conducted in 100 ASA I/II children of 2-10y after approval of Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed parental consent. Children with allergy or hypersensitivity reaction to dexmedetomidine or midazolam; organ dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmia or CHD; mental retardation and severe dysfunction of CNS or raised ICP were excluded. Based on block randomization children were allocated to receive oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg and nasal placebo (MDZ) or nasal dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg and oral placebo (DEX) as premedication. Sedation, emotional status and behaviour of the child at separation from parent were evaluated. Anesthesia was induced using O2, N2O (FiO2 0.5) and sevoflurane 8% and LMA introduced. Anaesthesia was maintained with O2, N2O, isoflurane (MAC 1-1.3) and fentanyl (2µg/kg) on controlled ventilation. Post-anesthetic recovery was evaluated using a modified Aldrete score with a score of 9 considered sufficient for discharge. Psychomotor function was assessed using Seguin Form Board Test, Gesell drawing test, Three Hole Form Board Test, Digit Span Test, Mazes and Trail Making Test as per children’s age performed on the morning of surgery, prior to premedication (T0), postoperatively when Aldrete score of 9 was achieved (T1). The results were analyzed using chi square test and t test as applicable. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was done for time taken to reach Aldrete score of 9. Results: Emotional status after 30 minutes of premedication showed favourable scores in group MDZ compared to patients in group DEX (p=0.007). The parental separation score was comparable in the 2 groups. Mean time to reach Aldrete score of 9 was 39 min [95% CI (35-42.5 min)] in group MDZ and 30 min [95% C.I (26.8-33.2min)] in group DEX (p=0.001).Conclusion: Both midazolam and dexmedetomidine produced similar parental separation, sedation and emotional scores. Lesser number of children receiving midazolam were anxious. The psychomotor recovery profile favoured demedetomidine. References: 1. Jatti K, Batra YK, Bhardwaj N et al. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 36: 336-39. Disclosure of Interest: None declared
Glucose Transport Deficiency in Diabetic Animals Is Corrected by Treatment with the Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent Pioglitazone* (1991)

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle and fat involves regulation of the subcellular distribution and the expression of a specific facilitative glucose transporter protein (GLUT4). Peripheral glucose uptake is lowered in diabetes, and the expression of GLUT4 is depressed in animals that have been made diabetic (i.e. insulin deficient) by destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. In the present study we found that GLUT4 expression is also decreased in an animal model for type II diabetes mellitus (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), KKAY obese mice. These KKAY mice have elevated circulating insulin levels, but target cell resistance to the metabolic actions of insulin. Treatment of both types of diabetic animals with pioglitazone, a new antihyperglycemic compound, corrects deficits in glucose transport and GLUT4 mRNA and protein abundance. Such corrections are, however, more readily detected in fat than in muscle. Increases in GLUT4 mRNA and protein levels and glucose transport function by pioglitazone are dependent upon the presence of circulating insulin. Treatment with pioglitazone alone is sufficient for correction of glucose transport in hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant animals, but hypoinsulinemic animals require insulin therapy along with pioglitazone treatment for similar corrections. In these insulin-deficient animals, neither treatment with the drug alone nor minimal insulin replacement therapy results in substantial correction. Since insulin and this antihyperglycemic agent seem to work synergistically, it is likely that pioglitazone acts to amplify cellular responses to insulin.
Retinoids in cancer chemoprevention (1996)

Naturally occurring and synthetic vitamin A metabolites and analogs (retinoids) inhibit tumor development in a variety of cellular, animal, and patient studies. They suppress transformation of cells in vitro and inhibit carcinogenesis in various organs in animal models. In a mouse skin carcinogenesis model, topical retinoids exhibit suppressive effects on tumor promotion, but have no effect on tumor initiation. In other models, retinoids administered in the diet suppress tumor development even in an adjuvant setting after excision of the first tumor. Retinoids suppress carcinogenesis in individuals with premalignant lesions and a high risk to develop cancer of the aerodigestive tract. Likewise, retinoids prevent the development of second primary cancers in head/neck and lung cancer patients who had been treated for the first primary. The mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenic activity of retinoids appear to be associated with the ability of retinoids to modulate the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of normal, premalignant, and malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. Most of these effects are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors, but other mechanisms may also be involved. These studies indicate that retinoids are potentially useful agent for cancer chemoprevention.
MEDICAL THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (1999)

CD and UC represent a spectrum of chronic IBD that present in protean ways and are accompanied by a variety of systemic sequelae. Sulfasalazine and the newer 5-aminosalicylates are important in the management of mild-to-moderate disease, whereas corticosteroids remain the primary therapy for most patients with moderate-to-severe disease (Tables 2-5). The toxicities associated with long-term steroid therapy, combined with their ineffectiveness as maintenance medications, have led to increased use of immunomodulators, such as azathioprine and 6-MP, for the treatment of steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant IBD. Infliximab is a novel therapeutic adjunct for chronically active and fistulizing CD that will herald a new era of biologic therapy for IBD. Meanwhile, CSA remains an alternative to urgent colectomy in severe UC unresponsive to corticosteroids and also for CD patients with severe disease or refractory fistulas. Finally, continued insights into the etiopathogenic pathways in IBD will provide evolving and innovative approaches until the eventual causes and cures are elucidated. In the meantime, clinicians should remain optimistic regarding current ability to reduce the morbidity and maintain the quality of life for patients suffering with these frustrating diseases.
Gardner Murphy's Double-Aspect Psychology (1999)

The present article is a sympathetic appraisal of Gardner Murphy's (1895–1979) “biosocial” psychology. Biosocial psychology is presented not as a personality theory but as one attempt to conceptualize the respective influences of heredity and environment on behavior. Murphy's use of the term biosocial is differentiated from that of A. P. Weiss (1930) and other theorists. For Murphy, biosocial psychology referred to a double-aspect monism in the tradition of Spinoza and William James and informed by the contributions of Herbert Spencer and the emerging post-Euclidean worldview of his own era. Canalization and other tenets of biosocial psychology are outlined and related to contemporary findings. Murphy's views are distinguished from postmodern psychology, cognitive–representational theories, evolutionary psychology, and interactionism.
Novel investigational therapies for onychomycosis: an update (2016)

Novel topical antifungals and the reformulation of current antifungals have demonstrated marked improvement in nail penetration. Current research has an emphasis on topical therapies due to their minimized risk for adverse effects and higher patient demand. Nevertheless, few topical agents have surfaced in the past few years and the investigation of efficacious combination therapies may become more important.
Polychannel systems for mass digital communications (1990)

A new type of distributed computer system looks toward the time when computers will be used by everyone everywhere.