gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The action of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone on the physical endurance of animals and on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles]. (1989)

The results of the comparative study on the myotropic activity of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone and their effects on physical endurance of animals suggested that ecdysterone possessing a wider spectrum of the anabolic action on the contractile proteins of the skeletal muscles exerts a more pronounced influence on physical endurance of animals without their preliminary training.
Mechanisms of L-selectin regulation by activated T cells (1997)

The activation of T cells through the TCR results in the differential regulation of a set of adhesion molecules that dramatically alters lymphocyte migration and tissue localization properties in vivo. L-selectin, the lymph node homing receptor, is central to the control of lymphocyte recirculation. We examined the regulation of L-selectin as a function of time after activation in vitro. Within an hour of stimulation, T cells down regulate L-selectin, with a 90% loss by 4 h, due to accelerated proteolytic cleavage. Over the course of the following 48 h, surface receptor expression increases markedly. This is due to an increase in L-selectin mRNA, which, in turn, results from increased message stability. During the next several days after activation, L-selectin levels decrease, resulting in L-selectin-negative T cells by 5 to 7 days after stimulation. This decrease occurs faster in CD8 than in CD4 T cells. During this phase of regulation, L-selectin message remains stable even as the level of specific mRNA continuously decreases. This indicates that the L-selectin-negative phenotype of T cells late after activation is due to the down-regulation of gene transcription. These results demonstrate that after stimulation through the TCR, the expression of L-selectin changes in a triphasic pattern, with an initial marked decrease, followed by a transient phase of superinduction and then a loss of expression. These changes are regulated through the complex interactions between several mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein turnover levels.
How to train a discriminative front end with stochastic gradient descent and maximum mutual information (2005)

This paper presents a general discriminative training method for the front end of an automatic speech recognition system. The SPLICE parameters of the front end are trained using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) of a maximum mutual information (MMI) objective function. SPLICE is chosen for its ability to approximate both linear and non-linear transformations of the feature space. SGD is chosen for its simplicity of implementation. Results are presented on both the Aurora 2 small vocabulary task and the WSJ Nov-92 medium vocabulary task. It is shown that the discriminative front end is able to consistently increase system accuracy across different front end configurations and tasks
In vitro and in vivo model of a novel immunotherapy approach for chronic lymphocytic leukemia by anti-CD23 chimeric antigen receptor (2011)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by an accumulation of mature CD19(+)CD5(+)CD20(dim) B lymphocytes that typically express the B-cell activation marker CD23. In the present study, we cloned and expressed in T lymphocytes a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the CD23 antigen (CD23.CAR). CD23.CAR(+) T cells showed specific cytotoxic activity against CD23(+) tumor cell lines (average lysis 42%) and primary CD23(+) CLL cells (average lysis 58%). This effect was obtained without significant toxicity against normal B lymphocytes, in contrast to CARs targeting CD19 or CD20 antigens, which are also expressed physiologically by normal B lymphocytes. Moreover, CLL-derived CD23.CAR(+) T cells released inflammatory cytokines (1445-fold more TNF-β, 20-fold more TNF-α, and 4-fold more IFN-γ). IL-2 was also produced (average release 2681 pg/mL) and sustained the antigen-dependent proliferation of CD23.CAR(+) T cells. Redirected T cells were also effective in vivo in a CLL Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) xenograft mouse model. Compared with mice treated with control T cells, the infusion of CD23.CAR(+) T cells resulted in a significant delay in the growth of the MEC-1 CLL cell line. These data suggest that CD23.CAR(+) T cells represent a selective immunotherapy for the elimination of CD23(+) leukemic cells in patients with CLL.
Development of a cell signaling networks database. (1997)

In multicellular organisms cell signaling networks play important roles in wide range of biological phenomena, such as development, differentiation, reproduction, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and even learning. In order to explain biological phenomena based on cell signaling models, we have developed a database for cell signaling networks. The system contains mechanisms of signal transduction and structure and functional data and references of extracellular chemicals and biomolecules. CSNDB is constructed using ACEDB system, and includes various graphical representations such as pathway diagrams, map diagrams, 3-D images, pictures, and VRML environment. The system will be useful for modeling cells and their information processing, and to explain important biological phenomena based on these models.
Detection of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus by means of laser induced fluorescence. (1996)

The results suggest that the technique can be used during endoscopy for real time tissue characterisation in the oesophagus, as an aid in detecting malignant transformation not macroscopically apparent at endoscopy.
3- O -(3′,3′-Dimethysuccinyl) Betulinic Acid Inhibits Maturation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Precursor Assembled In Vitro (2006)

3-O-(3',3'-Dimethysuccinyl) betulinic acid (PA-457) has been shown to potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in culture. In contrast to inhibitors that act upon the viral proteinase, PA-457 appears to block only the final maturational cleavage of p25CA-p2 to p24CA. However, attempts to replicate this effect in vitro using recombinant Gag have failed, leading to the hypothesis that activity is dependent upon the assembly state of Gag. Using a synthesis/assembly system for chimeric HIV type 1 Gag proteins, we have replicated the activity of PA-457 in vitro. The processing of assembled chimeric Gag can be inhibited by the addition of drug with only the final cleavage of p25CA-p2 to p24CA blocked. Consistent with our hypothesis and with previous findings, inhibition appears specific to Gag assembled into an immature capsid-like structure, since synthetic Gag that remains unassembled is properly processed in the presence of the compound. To further analyze the authenticity of the assay, PA-457 was tested in parallel with its inactive parental compound, betulinic acid. Betulinic acid had no effect upon p25 processing in this system. Analysis of a PA-457-resistant mutant, A1V, in this system pointed to more rapid cleavage as a possible mechanism for resistance. However, characterization of additional mutations at the cleavage site and in p2 suggests that resistance does not strictly correlate with the rate of cleavage. With the establishment of an in vitro assay for the detection of PA-457 activity, a more detailed characterization of its mechanism of action will be possible.
Transcriptional control of flagellar genes in Escherichia coli K-12 (1986)

Autoregulation of the expression of flagellar genes was investigated by the technique of operon fusion. The results suggested that the flaU gene is a repressor and the flaD gene is an activator of transcription of the hag, flaS, and Mocha operons. The action of the putative flaU repressor appears to be masked by its interaction with other flagellar proteins during assembly; thus, repression is apparent only when the interacting proteins are absent. This hypothesis is supported by the phenotype of an unusual flaU mutant, which represses even though it is unable to promote flagellar assembly. Presumably, the mutant synthesizes a repressor whose activity is no longer masked by interaction with other flagellar proteins.
CD133, Selectively Targeting the Root of Cancer (2016)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of promoting tumor initiation and self-renewal, two important hallmarks of carcinoma formation. This population comprises a small percentage of the tumor mass and is highly resistant to chemotherapy, causing the most difficult problem in the field of cancer research, drug refractory relapse. Many CSC markers have been reported. One of the most promising and perhaps least ubiquitous is CD133, a membrane-bound pentaspan glycoprotein that is frequently expressed on CSC. There is evidence that directly targeting CD133 with biological drugs might be the most effective way to eliminate CSC. We have investigated two entirely unrelated, but highly effective approaches for selectively targeting CD133. The first involves using a special anti-CD133 single chain variable fragment (scFv) to deliver a catalytic toxin. The second utilizes this same scFv to deliver components of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the development and current status of these CD133 associated biological agents. Together, they show exceptional promise by specific and efficient CSC elimination.
Ligand–DNA interaction in a nanocage of reverse micelle (2006)

We have studied intercalation of ethidium bromide (EB) to genomic DNA encapsulated in a nanospace of an anionic AOT reverse micelle (RM). Circular dichroism (CD) study on the DNA in the RM reveals its condensed form. Here, we have used temporal decay-associated spectra (DAS) and time-resolved area normalized emission spectral (TRANES) techniques to investigate EB-binding to condensed DNA because the interference of emission from unbound EB in the RM makes conventional steady state and picosecond resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques challenging. The binding affinity of the ligand EB with the DNA in the RM is found to increase with the size of the RM, reflecting the effect of lessening of DNA condensation on the binding affinity. CD spectra of the DNA in the RM with various sizes indicate the structural change of the condensed DNA with reverse micellar size. DAS and TRANES techniques along with dynamic light scattering studies of the EB-DNA complex in the RM further reveal two kinds of binding modes of the ligand with the condensed DNA even in essentially monodispersed RMs. To investigate the role of RM on the ligand binding and secondary structure of the DNA, we have also studied complexation of EB with two synthetic self-complimentary oligonucleotides of sequences (CGCAAATTTGCG)2 and (CGCGCGCGCGCG)2 in the RM.
Preferential emission into epsilon-near-zero metamaterial [Invited] (2015)

We report the use of epsilon near zero (ENZ) metamaterial to control spontaneous emission from Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) excitons. The ENZ material consists of alternating layers of silver and alumina with subwavelength thicknesses, resulting in an effective medium where one of the components of the dielectric constant approach zero between 370nm-440nm wavelength range. Bulk ZnO with photoluminescence maximum in the ENZ regime was deposited via atomic layer deposition to obtain a smooth film with near field coupling to the ENZ metamaterial. Preferential emission from the ZnO layer into the metamaterial with suppression of forward emission by 90% in comparison to ZnO on silicon is observed. We attribute this observation to the presence of dispersionless plasmonic modes in the ENZ regime as shown by the results of theoretical modeling presented here. Integration of ENZ metamaterials with light emitters is an attractive platform for realizing a low threshold subwavelength laser.
Synthesis of pyrazoles (1998)

Abstract This review summarizes the synthesis of various pyrazoles reported by us and some other research groups in 1981–1989.
TAR RNA decoys inhibit tat-activated HIV-1 transcription after preinitiation complex formation (1997)

The ability of the HIV-1 Tat protein to trans -activate HIV-1 transcription in vitro is specifically inhibited by a circular TAR RNA decoy. This inhibition is not overcome by adding an excess of Tat to the reaction but is partially overcome by adding Tat in combination with nuclear extract, suggesting that TAR RNA might function by interacting with a complex containing Tat and cellular factor(s). A cell-free transcription system involving immobilized DNA templates was used to further define the factor(s) that interact with TAR RNA. Preinitiation complexes formed in the presence or absence of Tat were purified on immobilized templates containing the HIV-1 promoter. After washing, nucleotides and radiolabelled UTP were added and transcription was measured. The presence of Tat during preinitiation complex formation resulted in an increase in the level of full-length HIV-1 transcripts. This Tat-activated increase in HIV-1 transcription was not inhibited by circular TAR decoys added during preinitiation complex formation but was inhibited by circular TAR decoys subsequently added during the transcription reaction. These results suggest that TAR decoys inhibit Tat-activated HIV-1 transcription after preinitiation complex formation, perhaps by interacting with components of transcription complexes.
The MPEG-4 Structured Audio standard (2002)

The MPEG-4 standard defines numerous tools that represent the state-of-the-art in representation, transmission, and decoding of multimedia data. Among these is a new type of audio standard, termed "Structured Audio". The MPEG-4 standard for structured audio allows for the efficient, flexible description of synthetic music and sound effects, and the use of synthetic sound in synchronization with natural sound in interactive multimedia scenes. A discussion of the capabilities, technological underpinnings, and application of MPEG-4 Structured Audio is presented.
Knowledge vault (2014)

Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of large-scale knowledge bases, including Wikipedia, Freebase, YAGO, Microsoft's Satori, and Google's Knowledge Graph. To increase the scale even further, we need to explore automatic methods for constructing knowledge bases. Previous approaches have primarily focused on text-based extraction, which can be very noisy. Here we introduce Knowledge Vault, a Web-scale probabilistic knowledge base that combines extractions from Web content (obtained via analysis of text, tabular data, page structure, and human annotations) with prior knowledge derived from existing knowledge repositories. We employ supervised machine learning methods for fusing these distinct information sources. The Knowledge Vault is substantially bigger than any previously published structured knowledge repository, and features a probabilistic inference system that computes calibrated probabilities of fact correctness. We report the results of multiple studies that explore the relative utility of the different information sources and extraction methods.
A 14-kDa Schistosoma mansoni polypeptide is homologous to a gene family of fatty acid binding proteins (1991)

The complete nucleotide sequence encoding a Schistosoma mansoni protein termed Sm14 was determined from cDNA clones propagated in bacteriophage lambda gt11 in Escherichia coli. The 14.8-kDa protein bears significant homologies with a family of related polypeptides which bind hydrophobic ligands. Members of this group of cytosolic proteins were originally identified based on their affinity for long chain fatty acids. The purified recombinant protein exhibited an affinity to fatty acids, in contrast to a mutant lacking 16 N-terminal amino acids. Immunofluorescence experiments show that tubercles, which are structures located on the dorsal surface of adult male schistosome and known to contain lipids, are stained using antibodies raised to the beta-galactosidase fusion protein. A regular staining pattern is also evident in the muscle layers as well as in the body of the parasite. As the schistosome cannot synthesize fatty acids de novo and is dependent on the uptake of lipids from serum, the available data support a role for Sm14 in the transport of fatty acids.
Toolspaces and glances (1999)

Users of 3D desktop applications perform tasks that require accessing data storage, moving objects, and navigation. These operations are typically performed using 2D GUI elements or 3D widgets. We wish to focus on interaction with 3D widgets directly in the 3D world, rather than forcing our users to repeatedly switch contexts between 2D and 3D. However, the use of 3D widgets requires a mechanism for storing, accessing, and retrieving these widgets. In this paper we present foolspuces and glances to provide this capability for 3D widgets and other objects in interactive 3D worlds. Toolspaces are storage spaces attached to the user’s virtual body; objects placed in these spaces are always accessible yet out of the user’s view until needed. Users access these toolspaces to store and retrieve objects through a type of lightweight and ephemeral navigation we call glances. CR
On the potential of proactive domain blacklisting (2010)

In this paper we explore the potential of leveraging properties inherent to domain registrations and their appearance in DNS zone files to predict the malicious use of domains proactively, using only minimal observation of known-bad domains to drive our inference. Our analysis demonstrates that our inference procedure derives on average 3.5 to 15 new domains from a given known-bad domain. 93 % of these inferred domains subsequently appear suspect (based on third-party assessments), and nearly 73 % eventually appear on blacklists themselves. For these latter, proactively blocking based on our predictions provides a median headstart of about 2 days versus using a reactive blacklist, though this gain varies widely for different domains. 1
Sonophotocatalytic degradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicals generation by micro- and nano-particles of ZnO (2018)

In this work, it is proposed an environmental friendly sonophotocatalytic approach to efficiently treat polluted waters from industrial dyes exploiting ZnO micro- and nano-materials. For the first time, we deeply investigated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound stimulation of different ZnO structures by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR). Indeed, five zinc oxide (ZnO) micro- and nano-structures, <i>i.e.</i> Desert Roses (DRs), Multipods (MPs), Microwires (MWs), Nanoparticles (NPs) and Nanowires (NWs), were studied for the Rhodamine B (RhB) sonodegradation under ultrasonic irradiation. The DRs microparticles demonstrated the best sonocatalytic performance (100% degradation of RhB in 180 min) and the highest OH<sup>·</sup> radicals generation under ultrasonic irradiation. Strikingly, the coupling of ultrasound and sun-light irradiation in a sonophotodegradation approach led to 100% degradation efficiency, <i>i.e.</i> color reduction, of RhB in just 10 min, revealing a great positive synergy between the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic mechanisms. The RhB sonophotocatalytic degradation was also evaluated at different initial dye concentrations and with the presence of anions in solution. It was demonstrated a good stability over repeated cycles of dye treatment, which probe the applicability of this technique with industrial effluents. In conclusion, sonophotocatalytic degradation synergizing sunlight and ultrasound in the presence of DRs microparticles shows a great potential and a starting point to investigate further the efficient treatment of organic dyes in wastewater.
논문 : Cu-Cr 합금의 인장강도와 전기전도도에 미치는 Cr 첨가량 및 가공열처리의 영향 (2001)

The effects of Cr content above its solubility limit and thermomechanical treatment on tensile strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-Cr alloys were studied to obtain optimum Cr content exhibiting a high tensile strength without degradation of electrical conductivity. The increase in Cr content above the solubility limit increased tensile strength of Cu-Cr alloys without deterioration of the electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity was not affected by cold rolling. The electrical conductivity of a Cu-3.5%Cr alloy subjected to cold rolling→aging treatment (450℃×1 hr)→cold rolling was equal to that of the alloy subjected to cold rolling→aging treatment. However, the tensile strength of the alloy subjected to the former thermomechanical treatment was superior to that of the alloy subjected to the latter thermomechanical treatment at all the deformation degrees.
Spatial autocorrelation invalidates the Dow‐Cheverud test (1992)

Abstract Dow and Cheverud (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:367–373, 1985) have published a statistical test for comparing any three similarity matrices. Using both simulations and analytical arguments, I establish that the presence of spatial autocorrelation, a common feature of geographically based anthropological and biological data, causes this test to reject too often. Increasing the spatial autocorrelation increases the spurious rejection rate. About 20% of the papers that reference Dow and Cheverud's paper have used their test with spatially autocorrelated data. Mantel's (Cancer Res. 27:209–220, 1967) method, when used as a test of spatial autocorrelation, is unaffected by these considerations, since its null hypothesis is that the data are uncorrelated. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wide area placement of data replicas for fast and highly available data access (2011)

Recent years have seen rapid growth of online data storage and computing services at various locations around the world. In wide area applications, data can be replicated at multiple locations to serve users with lower latency and higher availability. This paper presents an approach that achieves both fast and highly available data access through periodic migration of data replicas. Such migration strives to maximize a user-defined objective function that incorporates data access delay and availability into a single utility value. To efficiently estimate data access delay and availability for any feasible replica placement, this approach maintains a small data structure that summarizes recent accesses to data replicas. This paper demonstrates, based on an evaluation study, the effectiveness of the developed technique and concludes with plans for future research.
Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1and CB2receptor agonistsin vitro (2007)

This study has provided the first evidence that cannabidiol can display CB2 receptor inverse agonism, an action that appears to be responsible for its antagonism of CP55940 at the human CB2 receptor. The ability of cannabidiol to behave as a CB2 receptor inverse agonist may contribute to its documented anti-inflammatory properties.
A Novel Adeno-Associated Viral Variant for Efficient and Selective Intravitreal Transduction of Rat Müller Cells (2009)

Our findings demonstrate that AAV is a highly versatile vector capable of powerful shifts in tropism from minor sequence changes. This isolated variant represents a new therapeutic vector to treat retinal degenerative diseases through secretion of neuroprotective factors from Müller cells as well as provides new opportunities to study their biological functions in the retina.
Disintegration of rock by tension. (1996)

The reduction in consumption of energy for disintegration of rock can be achieved by change from compressive mechanical crusing to fragmentation by tension. Of the two techniques for tensile disintegration of rock, instant decompression and electrical disintegration (ED), the latter technique has achieved a stage of development sufficient for its commercial implementation. The ED technique offers reduction in energy consumption, in cost of maintenance, and in the capital cost. The tensile character of the failure ensures the efficient liberation of minerals from the rock matrices. The thermal character of the electrical breakdown of rock provides the possibility for continuous contact between electrodes and rock fragments ensuring the tensile disintegration of solids.