gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histamine induces cytoskeletal changes in human eosinophils via the H4 receptor (2003)

1. Histamine (0.004-2 microm) induced a concentration-dependent shape change of human eosinophils, but not of neutrophils or basophils, detected as an increase in forward scatter (FSC) in the gated autofluorescence/forward scatter (GAFS) assay. 2. The histamine-induced eosinophil shape change was completely abolished by thioperamide (10 microm), an H3/H4 receptor antagonist, but was not inhibited by pyrilamine or cimetidine (10 microm), H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, respectively. The H4 receptor agonists, clobenpropit and clozapine (0.004-2 microm), which are also H3 receptor antagonists, both induced eosinophil shape change, which was inhibited by thioperamide (10 microm). The H3/H4 receptor agonists, imetit, R-alpha-methyl histamine and N-alpha-methyl histamine (0.004-2 microm) also induced eosinophil shape change. 3. Histamine induced actin polymerisation (0.015-10 microm), intracellular calcium mobilisation (10-100 microm) and a significant upregulation of expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD11b (0.004-10 microm) in eosinophils, all of which were inhibited by thioperamide (10-100 microm). In addition, the H4 receptor agonist/H3 receptor antagonist clozapine (20 microm) stimulated a rise in intracellular calcium in eosinophils. 4. Activation of H4 receptors by histamine (1 microm) primed eosinophils for increased chemotactic responses to eotaxin, but histamine (0.1-10 microm) did not directly induce chemotaxis of eosinophils. 5. Pertussis toxin (1 microg ml-1) inhibited shape change and actin polymerisation responses induced by histamine showing that these effects are mediated by coupling to a Galphai/o G-protein. 6. This study demonstrates that human eosinophils express functional H4 receptors and may provide a novel target for allergic disease therapy.
A novel route to indolines by photochemical desulphurization of indoline-2-thiones (1988)

T. Nishio, N. Okuda, C. Kashima and Y. Omote, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 572 DOI: 10.1039/C39880000572
Use of a radiometric system to screen for antineoplastic agents: correlation with a human tumor cloning system. (1985)

A rapid, semiautomated radiometric system is described for screening for new antineoplastic agents. This radiometric system utilizes inhibition of conversion of [14C]glucose to 14CO2 as an index of cytotoxicity. In this study the radiometric system (BACTEC 460) was first optimized using a variety of human and animal tumor cell lines. Overall, there was a clear linear relationship between the number of cells seeded and the production of 14CO2 from [14C]glucose. The BACTEC System easily detected antitumor activity of compounds from all four classes of antineoplastic agents (doxorubicin, vinblastine, cis-platinum, and methotrexate.) Human tumor cell lines were used to compare the antitumor activity of the same four agents measured by the BACTEC System versus the antitumor activity of the same agents measured by a conventional cloning system. For all cell lines tested there was good agreement in comparison of percentage of survival measured by the BACTEC System versus the standard cloning system. This agreement was better for a continuous exposure to drug in both systems (r = 87, P = less than 0.001) than for a 1-h exposure to the drug (r = 0.35, P = 0.036). In addition to determining the effect of drugs on tumor cells, the BACTEC System was successfully utilized to determine the cytotoxic effect on normal bone marrow buffy coat cells. By utilizing a comparison of suppression of 14CO2 production by normal versus tumor cells, a measurement of differential cytotoxicity could be made. Based on these findings, the radiometric BACTEC System represents a simple and rapid method to detect cytostatic or cytocidal activity of new compounds. It is ideal for use as a prescreen for testing a large number of new chemical entities against a large number of human tumor cell lines.
Effect of Dielectric and Liquid on Plasma Sterilization Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (2013)

Plasma sterilization offers a faster, less toxic and versatile alternative to conventional sterilization methods. Using a relatively small, low temperature, atmospheric, dielectric barrier discharge surface plasma generator, we achieved ≥ 6 log reduction in concentration of vegetative bacterial and yeast cells within 4 minutes and ≥ 6 log reduction of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores within 20 minutes. Plasma sterilization is influenced by a wide variety of factors. Two factors studied in this particular paper are the effect of using different dielectric substrates and the significance of the amount of liquid on the dielectric surface. Of the two dielectric substrates tested (FR4 and semi-ceramic (SC)), it is noted that the FR4 is more efficient in terms of time taken for complete inactivation. FR4 is more efficient at generating plasma as shown by the intensity of spectral peaks, amount of ozone generated, the power used and the speed of killing vegetative cells. The surface temperature during plasma generation is also higher in the case of FR4. An inoculated FR4 or SC device produces less ozone than the respective clean devices. Temperature studies show that the surface temperatures reached during plasma generation are in the range of 30°C-66 °C (for FR4) and 20 °C-49 °C (for SC). Surface temperatures during plasma generation of inoculated devices are lower than the corresponding temperatures of clean devices. pH studies indicate a slight reduction in pH value due to plasma generation, which implies that while temperature and acidification may play a minor role in DBD plasma sterilization, the presence of the liquid on the dielectric surface hampers sterilization and as the liquid evaporates, sterilization improves.
ChemInform Abstract: Innovative Biofilm Treatment Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Self-tuned deep super resolution (2015)

Deep learning has been successfully applied to image super resolution (SR). In this paper, we propose a deep joint super resolution (DJSR) model to exploit both external and self similarities for SR. A Stacked Denoising Convolutional Auto Encoder (SDCAE) is first pre-trained on external examples with proper data augmentations. It is then fine-tuned with multi-scale self examples from each input, where the reliability of self examples is explicitly taken into account. We also enhance the model performance by sub-model training and selection. The DJSR model is extensively evaluated and compared with state-of-the-arts, and show noticeable performance improvements both quantitatively and perceptually on a wide range of images.
Identification of glyA (Encoding Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase) and Its Use Together with the Exporter ThrE To Increase l -Threonine Accumulation by Corynebacterium glutamicum (2002)

L-threonine can be made by the amino acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, in the course of this process, some of the L-threonine is degraded to glycine. We detected an aldole cleavage activity of L-threonine in crude extracts with an activity of 2.2 nmol min(-1) (mg of protein)(-1). In order to discover the molecular reason for this activity, we cloned glyA, encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). By using affinity-tagged glyA, SHMT was isolated and its substrate specificity was determined. The aldole cleavage activity of purified SHMT with L-threonine as the substrate was 1.3 micromol min(-1) (mg of protein)(-1), which was 4% of that with L-serine as substrate. Reduction of SHMT activity in vivo was obtained by placing the essential glyA gene in the chromosome under the control of P(tac), making glyA expression isopropylthiogalactopyranoside dependent. In this way, the SHMT activity in an L-threonine producer was reduced to 8% of the initial activity, which led to a 41% reduction in glycine, while L-threonine was simultaneously increased by 49%. The intracellular availability of L-threonine to aldole cleavage was also reduced by overexpressing the L-threonine exporter thrE. In C. glutamicum DR-17, which overexpresses thrE, accumulation of 67 mM instead of 49 mM L-threonine was obtained. This shows that the potential for amino acid formation can be considerably improved by reducing its intracellular degradation and increasing its export.
Identification of Novel Accessible Proteins Bearing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2011)

Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly malignancy with poor early diagnostic and no effective therapy. Although several proteomic studies have performed comparative analysis between normal and malignant tissues, there is a lack of clear characterization of proteins that could be of clinical value. Systemically reachable ("potentially accessible") proteins, suitable for imaging technologies and targeted therapies represent a major group of interest. The current study explores potentially accessible proteins overexpressed in PDAC, employing innovative proteomics technologies. In the discovery phase, potentially accessible proteins from fresh human normal and PDAC tissues were ex vivo biotinylated, isolated and identified using 2D-nano-HPLC-MS/MS method. The analysis revealed 422 up-regulated proteins in the tumor, of which 83 (including protein isoforms) were evaluated as potentially accessible. Eleven selected candidates were further confirmed as up-regulated using Western blot and multiple reaction monitoring protein quantification. Of these, transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI), latent transforming growth factor beta binding 2 (LTBP2), and asporin (ASPN) were further investigated by employing large scale immunohistochemistry-based validations. They were found to be significantly expressed in a large group of clinical PDAC samples compared to corresponding normal and inflammatory tissues. In conclusion, TGFBI, LTBP2, and ASPN are novel, overexpressed, and potentially accessible proteins in human PDAC. They bear the potential to be of clinical value for diagnostic and therapeutic applications and merit further studies using in vivo models.
A Deletion in the Gene for Transforming Growth Factor β Type I Receptor Abolishes Growth Regulation by Transforming Growth Factor β in a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (1999)

Spontaneous regression of skin lesions is characteristic of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), a clonal cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder. A minority of LyP patients progress to anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in which skin lesions no longer regress and extracutaneous dissemination often occurs. In 1 such case, we developed a tumor cell line, JK cells, and show that these cells are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) due to the loss of cell surface expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of JK cell TbetaR-I cDNA clones identified a deletion that spanned the last 178 bp of exon 1, including the initiating methionine. Hybridization of a radiolabeled fragment internal to the deletion was detected in the genomes of TGF-beta-responsive cells, but not in JK cells, indicating that they contain no wild-type TbetaR-I gene. PCR primers that flanked the deleted TbetaR-I region amplified a single band from JK cell genomic DNA that lacked the last 178 bp of exon 1 and all of the approximately 5 kb of intron 1. This JK cell-specific genomic TbetaR-I PCR product was distinct from products amplified from TGF-beta-responsive cells and was also readily detected in tumor biopsies obtained before the establishment of the JK cell line. Our results identify the first inactivating mutation in TbetaR-I gene in a human lymphoma that renders it insensitive to growth inhibition by TGF-beta.
Abstract 12349: 5 - Year Mortality in Patients With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Preserved Ejection Fraction (2013)

Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. However, there is limited data on whe...
Crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of a bovine pericardium fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking agent (1999)

Currently available crosslinking agents used in fixing bioprostheses are all highly (or relatively highly) cytotoxic, which may induce an adverse inflammatory reaction in vivo. It is therefore desirable to provide a crosslinking agent that is of low cytotoxicty and may form stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. To achieve this goal, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent-genipin-was used by our group to fix biological tissues. Genipin may be obtained from its parent compound, geniposide, which may be isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. In our previous studies, it was found that the cytotoxicity of genipin is significantly lower than both glutaraldehyde and an epoxy compound. Also, it was shown that genipin can form stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. The present study further investigates the crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of a genipin-fixed bovine pericardium. Fresh and glutaraldehyde- and epoxy-fixed counterparts were used as controls. It was found that the denaturation temperatures of the glutaraldehyde- and genipin-fixed tissues were significantly greater than the epoxy-fixed tissue, although their fixation indices were comparable. The mechanical properties of fresh bovine pericardium are anisotropic. However, fixation tended to eliminate tissue anisotropy. The tendency in the elimination of tissue anisotropy for the genipin-fixed tissue was more remarkable than for the glutaraldehyde- and epoxy-fixed tissues. In addition, the genipin-fixed tissue had the greatest ultimate tensile strength and toughness among all the fixed tissues. Distinct patterns in rupture were observed in the study: The torn collagen fibers of the genipin- and glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues appeared to be bound together, while those of fresh and the epoxy-fixed tissues stayed loose. The results obtained in the study suggests that tissue fixation in glutaraldehyde, epoxy compound, and genipin may produce distinct crosslinking structures. The differences in crosslinking structure may affect the crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of the fixed tissues.
Nanofluidic Diode and Bipolar Transistor (2005)

Theoretical modeling of ionic distribution and transport in a nanochannel containing a surface charge on its wall, 30 nm high and 5 microm long, suggests that ionic current can be controlled by locally modifying the surface charge density through a gate electrode, even if the electrical double layers are not overlapped. When the surface charge densities at the right and left halves of a channel are the same absolute value but of different signs, this could form the basis of a nanofluidic diode. When the surface charge density at the middle part of a channel is modified, this could form the basis of a nanofluidic bipolar transistor.
Human cytotoxic lymphocyte granzyme B. Its purification from granules and the characterization of substrate and inhibitor specificity. (1991)

Granzyme B has been purified to homogeneity from the granules of a human cytolytic lymphocyte line, Q31, in an enzymatically active form by a three-step procedure. Q31 granzyme B hydrolyzed Na-t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-aspartyl (Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp) thiobenzyl ester with a kcat of 11 +/- 5 mol/s/mol enzyme and catalytic efficiency kcat/Km of 76,000 +/- 44,000 M-1 s-1. The hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp thiobenzyl ester by crude Q31 Percoll fractions paralleled the tryptase activity for granule-containing fractions, which showed that granzyme B was associated with granules. When chromatographed on Sephacryl S-300, Q31 granzyme B eluted in two broad bands corresponding to dimer and monomer, both of which electrophoresed at 35 kDa in reducing NaDodSo4 polyacrylamide, and both of which showed a lag phase in assays. The lag phase in assays could be extended with 0.03 mM pepstatin. Upon elution from ion-exchange chromatography Q31 granzyme B electrophoresed at 32 kDa in reducing NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide and did not have a lag phase in assays. The amino-terminal sequence of the 32-kDa Q31 granzyme B was identical to four other human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granzymes B in 18 of 18 positions sequenced. Purified Q31 granzyme B had a preference for substrates with Glu or Asp as the residue amino-terminal to the scissile bond; little or no activity was noted with oligopeptide substrates for trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and elastase-like proteases. Human plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor, human plasma alpha 2-protease macroglobulin, soybean and lima-bean trypsin inhibitors, bovine aprotinin, phosphoramidon, and chymostatin inhibited Q31 granzyme B. The inhibition by alpha 1-protease inhibitor was rapid enough to be of physiological significance.
Na-Ti mapping of garnet (1999)

超高圧下では, ザクロ石にナトリウムが固溶することがある. 置換関係を明確にした上であれば, 定性的ではあるものの, ザクロ石中のナトリウムが超高圧変成作用の指標となり得ることが知られている. 筆者は, 中国蘇魯超高圧変成帯の東部に位置する栄城(Rongcheng)に産する大理石とそれに包有されるエクロジャイトブロックが共に超高圧変成作用を被っていることを示した(Kato et al., 1997). このエクロジャイト中のザクロ石には, [8]Na[6]TiCa-1Al-1 の置換関係によりナトリウムが最大0.2重量%含まれている. このザクロ石の組成面分析を行うと, ナトリウムとチタンのパターンが一致するため, 視覚的に置換関係を認識することができる. したがって, ザクロ石のどの部分が超高圧変成作用時に形成されたのかを容易に知ることが可能になるので, 超高圧変成岩の形成史を解析する上で重要な分析手段であると考えられる. 本稿では, 蘇魯超高圧変成帯の大理石およびそれに包有されるエクロジャイトの産状と, エクロジャイト中のザクロ石のNa-Ti組成面分析の結果を紹介する.
Survival for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based study (2012)

Therapy for leukemia improves overall survival in older acute myeloid leukemia patients. Based on their comorbidities, most patients up to 80 years of age should be considered for treatment. New therapies including hypomethylating agents and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation are promising and must be compared with other chemotherapy regimens.
Cut, Paste and Learn: Surprisingly Easy Synthesis for Instance Detection (2017)

A major impediment in rapidly deploying object detection models for instance detection is the lack of large annotated datasets. For example, finding a large labeled dataset containing instances in a particular kitchen is unlikely. Each new environment with new instances requires expensive data collection and annotation. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to generate large annotated instance datasets with minimal effort. Our key insight is that ensuring only patch-level realism provides enough training signal for current object detector models. We automatically `cut' object instances and `paste' them on random backgrounds. A naive way to do this results in pixel artifacts which result in poor performance for trained models. We show how to make detectors ignore these artifacts during training and generate data that gives competitive performance on real data. Our method outperforms existing synthesis approaches and when combined with real images improves relative performance by more than 21% on benchmark datasets. In a cross-domain setting, our synthetic data combined with just 10% real data outperforms models trained on all real data.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest (2006)

As a result of these studies the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommends that 'Unconscious adult patients with spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32 degrees C to 34 degrees C for 12 to 24 hours when the initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation'. Mild therapeutic hypothermia should also be considered for patients with in-hospital arrest and asystole and pulseless electrical activity who are comatose after return of spontaneous circulation.
Modulation of Chemical Composition and Other Parameters of the Cell at Different Exponential Growth Rates (2008)

This review begins by briefly presenting the history of research on the chemical composition and other parameters of cells of E. coli and S. enterica at different exponential growth rates. Studies have allowed us to determine the in vivo strength of promoters and have allowed us to distinguish between factor-dependent transcriptional control of the promoter and changes in promoter activity due to changes in the concentration of free functional RNA polymerase associated with different growth conditions. The total, or bulk, amounts of RNA and protein are linked to the growth rate, because most bacterial RNA is ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Since ribosomes are required for protein synthesis, their number and their rate of function determine the rate of protein synthesis and cytoplasmic mass accumulation. Many mRNAs made in the presence of amino acids have strong ribosome binding sites whose presence reduces the expression of all other active genes. This implies that there can be profound differences in the spectrum of gene activities in cultures grown in different media that produce the same growth rate. Five classes of growth-related parameters that are generally useful in describing or establishing the macromolecular composition of bacterial cultures are described in detail in this review. A number of equations have been reported that describe the macromolecular composition of an average cell in an exponential culture as a function of the culture doubling time and five additional parameters: the C- and D-periods, protein per origin (PO), ribosome activity, and peptide chain elongation rate.
Silsesquioxanes as Ligands for Gold Clusters (1998)

A new type of gold cluster has been synthesized using the silsesquioxane derivative (cyclopentyl)7Si8O12(CH2)3SH (T8-OSS−SH) to exchange the PPh3 ligands in (PPh3)12Au55Cl6 by T8-OSS−SH quantitatively. This exchange causes several important changes in the physical and chemical behavior of the compound. Owing to the presence of cyclopentyl substituents, the cluster becomes soluble in non-polar solvents such as pentane. The stability of this compound compared with that of the PPh3-protected cluster is considerably higher meaning that decomposition in solution, and even under the high-energetic irradiation in the microscope, is not observed over longer periods of time. The increase in the total diameter from 2.1 to ca. 4.4 nm is probably responsible for these advantageous properties, supported by strong S−Au bonds. The increase in size is also expressed as an increase in the activation energy for electron-tunneling processes through the ligand shells of neighboring clusters in a densely packed pellet. This increase is from 0.16 eV for (PPh3)12Au55Cl6 to 0.26 eV for the T8-OSS−SH-protected cluster.