gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning of Human E-Cadherin Suggests a Novel Subdivision of the Cadherin Superfamily (1994)

The gene encoding full-length human E-cadherin has been cloned and sequenced from liver and colon cDNA libraries (GenBank Accession #L08599). The predicted molecular mass of the unglycosylated and unprocessed protein is 97,000. The human protein conserves most features of the classical cadherins. In its cytoplasmic domain, two approximately 30-35 aminoacid conserved sequence motifs are recognized. These cadherin homology domains have been termed "CH2" and "CH3", and are characteristic of the classical cadherins, but absent or divergent in the more distantly related cadherins such as desmosomal cadherin, T-cadherin, fat, and the human ret oncogene. Given these findings and the importance of cytoplasmic interactions to cadherin function, a subclassification of the cadherin superfamily based on cytoplasmic domain homologies is proposed. This subclassification provides a framework in future studies for understanding the distinct down-stream signaling cascades associated with each cadherin.
Talking to InterFIS: Adding Speech Input to a Natural Language Interface (1992)

InterFIS is a natural language interface to the troubleshooting module of the Fault Isolation Shell (FIS), which is an expert system development tool for the diagnosis of failures in analog electronics equipment. The main functions of this FIS module are as follows: (1) to compute the probability that a particular fault hypothesis is correct after one or more tests have been performed on a particular piece of electronics equipment, and (2) to recommend the next best test based on information supplied by the diagnostician during a testing session. The original interface to FIS was standard keyboard input, where the appropriate abbreviations for all commands were displayed on the screen in a large list grouped by function. A simple graphic interface also was developed, where the user invoked the commands by clicking on screen buttons labeled according to their functional grouping. Later a natural language interface, InterFIS, was added. InterFIS is a natural language understanding interface that accepts typed English commands as input. The PROTEUS chart parser performs a syntactic analysis, producing an application-independent syntactic representation of the input sentence. This intermediate representation is mapped to domain-specific verb models by the semantic interpreter PFQAS and then converted to FIS commands by the command translator COIN. The main drawback to this interface is that typing English sentences is slow and requires the use of both hands. This report discusses the addition of speech recognition capabilities to InterFIS. Because of the limitations of today's speech recognition technology, the addition of this capability affects the structure and flexibility of the interface. The report describes the speech recognition module, and provides a brief evaluation of its performance.
Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of C-phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum. (1984)

Synthetic oligonucleotide probes were used to identify a cloned DNA fragment from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum that contains the genes for the alpha and beta subunits of C-phycocyanin. The coding region for the alpha-subunit gene begins 108 base pairs downstream from the 3' end of the beta-subunit structural gene. The sequences of the coding regions for both genes have been determined as well as 379 base pairs of 5' flanking region, 204 base pairs of 3' flanking region, and the 108 base pairs between the two genes. The site of transcriptional initiation is located approximately equal to 325 base pairs upstream from the beta-subunit gene, and an open reading frame 114 base pairs long is found within this region. The significance of this additional open reading frame is not yet known. The derived amino acid sequences for both C-phycocyanin subunits were compared with other known C-phycocyanin sequences for homology. Homologies between the A. quadruplicatum alpha subunit and alpha subunits from other species were approximately equal to 70%, as were homologies between the A. quadruplicatum beta subunit and other beta subunits. Homologies between the various alpha and beta subunits were 21%-27%. Codon usage for both the C-phycocyanin alpha- and beta-subunit genes shows asymmetries for many amino acids that correspond closely to those seen in highly expressed Escherichia coli genes.
Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species (1990)

The VFA, also known as short-chain fatty acids, are produced in the gastrointestinal tract by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates and endogenous substrates, such as mucus. This can be of great advantage to the animal, since no digestive enzymes exist for breaking down cellulose or other complex carbohydrates. The VFA are produced in the largest amounts in herbivorous animal species and especially in the forestomach of ruminants. The VFA, however, also are produced in the lower digestive tract of humans and all animal species, and intestinal fermentation resembles that occurring in the rumen. The principal VFA in either the rumen or large intestine are acetate, propionate, and butyrate and are produced in a ratio varying from approximately 75:15:10 to 40:40:20. Absorption of VFA at their site of production is rapid, and large quantities are metabolized by the ruminal or large intestinal epithelium before reaching the portal blood. Most of the butyrate is converted to ketone bodies or CO2 by the epithelial cells, and nearly all of the remainder is removed by the liver. Propionate is similarly removed by the liver but is largely converted to glucose. Although species differences exist, acetate is used principally by peripheral tissues, especially fat and muscle. Considerable energy is obtained from VFA in herbivorous species, and far more research has been conducted on ruminants than on other species. Significant VFA, however, are now known to be produced in omnivorous species, such as pigs and humans. Current estimates are that VFA contribute approximately 70% to the caloric requirements of ruminants, such as sheep and cattle, approximately 10% for humans, and approximately 20-30% for several other omnivorous or herbivorous animals. The amount of fiber in the diet undoubtedly affects the amount of VFA produced, and thus the contribution of VFA to the energy needs of the body could become considerably greater as the dietary fiber increases. Pigs and some species of monkey most closely resemble humans, and current research should be directed toward examining the fermentation processes and VFA metabolism in those species. In addition to the energetic or nutritional contributions of VFA to the body, the VFA may indirectly influence cholesterol synthesis and even help regulate insulin or glucagon secretion. In addition, VFA production and absorption have a very significant effect on epithelial cell growth, blood flow, and the normal secretory and absorptive functions of the large intestine, cecum, and rumen. The absorption of VFA and sodium, for example, seem to be interdependent, and release of bicarbonate usually occurs during VFA absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
THE EFFECT OF LASER IRRADIATION ON THE RELEASE OF bFGF FROM 3T3 FIBROBLASTS (1994)

Studies have shown that low-level laser irradiation increases the proliferation of fibroblasts in cell culture. The mechanism of action is unknown. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multifunctional polypeptide that has been detected in most tissues and which supports cell proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether laser irradiation (660 nm) can stimulate production of bFGF from fibroblast cells in cell culture. Our study showed that fibroblasts irradiated with laser energy at 2.16 J/cm2 demonstrated increased cell proliferation and enhanced production of bFGF, whereas fibroblasts irradiated with laser energy at 3.24 J/cm2 neither demonstrated increased cell proliferation or an enhanced release of bFGF as compared to the control group. These results provide direct evidence that the proliferation of fibroblasts as a result of stimulation by low level laser irradiation may be associated with the autocrine production of bFGF from fibroblasts.
TGF-&#223; / Smad Signaling in Prostate Cancer (2003)

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common type of cancer, excluding skin cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death in adult men in the United States. The lifetime risk for developing symptomatic prostate cancer is one in five for an American man. A pivotal step in carcinogenesis is a shift in the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that favors cell proliferation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a key negative growth regulator in the normal prostate. Although TGF-beta) inhibits the proliferation of normal prostate cells and functions as a tumor suppressor in early tumorigenesis, it acts as a tumor promoter in later stages of tumor progression. Elevated expression of TGF-beta in prostate cancer cells is associated with poor clinical outcome. Over-expression of TGF-beta aids tumorigenesis by not only stimulating angiogenesis and suppressing the immune system, but also by acting directly on the prostate tumor cells. While prostate cancer cells become resistant to TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, they retain other TGF-beta-induced responses that enhance tumorgenicity. such as induction of extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion proteins and proteases. These direct tumor effects are mediated primarily through Smad signaling. This review addresses the mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells may acquire TGF-beta resistance and promote tumorgenicity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying TGF-beta resistance is important for the identification and development of better diagnostic markers and more effective strategies for treating prostate cancer.
Abstract 15525: Alirocumab, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9, and Its Effects on Lipoprotein Subfractions Determined by Ion Mobility (2014)

Background: A causative role for low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been established, with randomized studies showing that LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering reduces CVD events. Studies also indicate a stronger association between LDL particle concentrations and CVD risk than LDL-C alone. Ion mobility provides direct measurements of particle concentrations of LDL, very-low density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins and may demonstrate effects of lipid modifying drugs not revealed by standard lipid profiles. Methods: A Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, clinical trial (NCT01288443) was conducted in patients with hypercholesterolemia and LDL-C levels ≥100mg/dL on stable atorvastatin (10-40 mg daily). In this substudy, we evaluated 31 patients who received placebo with 27 patients who received alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) via a 1-mL subcutaneous injection and compared lipoprotein subfractions measured using ion mobility at baseline and Week 12. Results: The table shows changes in lipids from the Phase 2 study, and lipoprotein subfractions from this substudy, in placebo and alirocumab 150 mg Q2W groups from baseline to Week 12. Compared with placebo, alirocumab on average, reduced per person VLDL concentration by 39.9% (p Conclusion: Alirocumab significantly reduced levels of all LDL, IDL and VLDL particle subfractions as measured by ion mobility consistent with its published effect on LDL-C.
A Highly Oriented Thin Film of Zeolite A (1997)

Secondary growth of an oriented precursor film of zeolite A results in an intergrown, continuous, thin (500 nm), and highly oriented film consisting of zeolite grains with the (h00) planes parallel and perpendicular to the substrate.
The Thyroid Nodule (2004)

A 42-year-old woman presents with a palpable mass on the left side of her neck. She has no neck pain and no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Physical examination reveals a solitary, mobile thyroid nodule, 2 cm by 3 cm, without lymphadenopathy. The patient has no family history of thyroid disease and no history of external irradiation. Which investigations should be performed? Assuming that the nodule is benign, which, if any, treatment should be recommended?
T7 RNA polymerase mutants with altered promoter specificities. (1993)

The amino acid at position 748 in T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) functions to discriminate base pairs at positions -10 and -11 in the promoter. We have constructed a series of T7 RNAP mutants having all possible amino acid substitutions at this position. Surprisingly, most (13/19) substitutions result in active RNAPs, and many of these exhibit altered promoter specificities. Identification of mutant RNAPs with altered specificities expands the repertoire of highly specific phage RNAPs that are available for use in phage RNAP-based transcription systems and highlights the complexity of sequence-specific DNA recognition.
Protein Turnover in Skeletal Muscle (1969)

Rates of protein catabolism were compared in nongrowing skeletal muscle, in muscles undergoing work-induced hypertrophy, and in muscles growing in response to treatment with pituitary growth hormone. Hypophysectomized rats were injected initially with 3H-leucine, and on subsequent days received unlabeled leucine and a high protein diet to minimize reutilization of the 3H-leucine. Rates of protein degradation were estimated from the loss of radioactive proteins. Rates of protein synthesis were estimated from the amount of dilution of previously labeled proteins with newly synthesized unlabeled material (decrease in specific activity). Two days after injection of 3H-leucine, hypertrophy of the soleus of one limb was induced by sectioning the tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle. During compensatory growth, the soleus retained more of the labeled proteins than its contralateral control muscle. Nevertheless, the specific activity of the proteins decreased. It is concluded that during hypertrophy there is decreased protein catabolism as well as increased synthesis of new proteins. In addition, the degradation of sarcoplasmic (soluble) proteins decreased more markedly than that of myofibrillar proteins, resulting in a relative increase in the sarcoplasmic proteins during compensatory growth. Treatment of the hypophysectomized rats with bovine growth hormone (1 mg per day) was initiated 2 days after injection of 3H-leucine. Ten days later, the content of labeled proteins in the soleus of hormone-treated animals was indistinguishable from that in the smaller muscles of control rats. However, the specific activity of protein from muscles was significantly lower in the hormone-treated rats. These results indicated that unlike work-induced hypertrophy, growth hormone increased protein synthesis in muscle without changing protein degradative rates.
Finding meaningful uses for context-aware technologies (2004)

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is undergoing a paradigm change towards interaction that is contextually adapted to rich use situations taking place "beyond the desktop". Currently, however, there are only few successful applications of context-adapted HCI, arguably because use scenarios have not been based on holistic understanding of the society, users, and use situations. A humanistic research strategy, utilized at the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, aims to structure the innovation and evaluation of scenarios for future technologies. Population trends and motivational needs are analyzed to recognize psycho-socially relevant design opportunities. Ethnography, ethnomethodology, bodystorming, and computer simulations of use situations are conducted to understand use situations. The goal of design is to empower users by supporting their autonomy and control. Three design cases illustrate the approach. The paper showcases an emerging framework for informed innovation of use potentials.
Lipodystrophies: Genetic and Acquired Body Fat Disorders (2011)

The autosomal recessive congenital generalized lipodystrophy and autosomal dominant familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) are the two most common types of genetic lipodystrophies. Mutations in AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, and PTRF have been reported in congenital generalized lipodystrophy and in LMNA, PPARG, AKT2, and PLIN1 in FPL. CIDEC is the disease gene for autosomal recessive, FPL and LMNA and ZMPSTE24 for autosomal recessive, mandibuloacral dysplasia-associated lipodystrophy. Recently, an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory lipodystrophy syndrome was reported to be due to PSMB8 mutation. Molecular genetic bases of many rare forms of genetic lipodystrophies remain to be elucidated. The most prevalent subtype of acquired lipodystrophy currently occurs with prolonged duration of protease inhibitor-containing, highly-active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. The acquired generalized and partial lipodystrophies are mainly autoimmune in origin and display complement abnormalities. Localized lipodystrophies occur due to drug or vaccine injections, pressure, panniculitis, and other unknown reasons. The current management includes cosmetic surgery and early identification and treatment of metabolic and other complications with diet, exercise, hypoglycemic drugs, and lipid-lowering agents.
Power-Efficient Modulation Formats in Coherent Transmission Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Coherent optical transmission systems have a four-dimensional (4–D) signal space (two quadratures in two polarizations). These four dimensions can be used to create modulation formats that have a better power efficiency (higher sensitivity) than the conventional binary phase shift keying/quadrature phase shift keying (BPSK/QPSK) signals. Several examples are given, with some emphasis on a 24-level format and an 8-level format, including descriptions of how they can be realized and expressions for their symbol and bit error probabilities. These formats are, respectively, an extension and a subset of the commonly used 16-level dual-polarization QPSK format. Sphere packing simulations in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions, up to 32 levels, are used to verify their optimality. The numerical results, as the number of levels increases, are shown to agree with lattice-theoretical results. Finally, we point out that the use of these constellations will lead to improved fundamental sensitivity limits for optical communication systems, and they may also be relevant as a way of reducing power demands and/or nonlinear influence. </para>
Novel Antipsychotic Agents with Dopamine Autoreceptor Agonist Properties:  Synthesis and Pharmacology of 7-[4-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone Derivatives (1998)

To develop a novel antipsychotic agent which is an agonist of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors and an antagonist of postsynaptic DA receptors, a series of 7-[4-[4-(substituted phenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinones was synthesized and their dual activities were examined. The postsynaptic DA receptor antagonistic activities of the compounds were evaluated by their ability to inhibit stereotypy induced by apomorphine in mice, and the autoreceptor agonist activities were determined by their effects on the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase in L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) synthesis in the mouse brain. Many compounds inhibited the stereotypic behavior, and several compounds reversed the GBL-induced increase in the DOPA synthesis. Among them, 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone (28, aripiprazole, OPC-14597) was found to have these two activities. This compound reversed the GBL-induced DOPA synthesis (ED50 values of 5.1 mumol/kg p.o.) and inhibited the APO induced stereotypy (ED50 values of 0.6 mumol/kg p.o.). Compound 28 induced catalepsy at 10 times higher dose than that required for the antagonism of APO-induced stereotypy (ED50 value of 7.8 mumol/kg p.o.).
Impact of combination chemotherapy with itraconazole on survival for patients with recurrent or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma. (2014)

Chemotherapy with itraconazole is promising for patients with CCC.
Inhibition of atrial fibrillation by pulmonary vein isolation and auricular resection—experimental study in a sheep model (1997)

We conclude that the described procedure is effective for the inhibition of sustained atrial fibrillation in morphologically unaltered atria. The operative approach involves less dissection than the MAZE procedure, which could facilitate its use in concomitant mitral procedures. The clinical significance of the observed AV-Delay has to be evaluated.
The solitron - a new spectrometer that uses the mass selectivity of a solitary, traveling electric potential hill (1994)

A new type of mass spectrometer is proposed which is based on the operational principles of a new device called a Solitron. Advantage of this analyzer over more traditional methods are its detectability of trace components and its compact design. These features exist because the electrodes used for mass selectivity also are used to focus the ion beam and increase the processes current by two orders of magnitude over the space charge limit. In addition, the Solitron is predicted to operate at pressures up to 1 mTorr as dictated by the charge exchange mean free path being longer than the process region. The above characteristics could prove useful in the analysis of ionized biomolecules that emanate from an electrospray ionization source at atmospheric pressures.
Immunophenotypic markers to differentiate between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions (2006)

S100A1 seems to be a possible candidate to differentiate conjunctival naevi from conjunctival melanoma. S100B seems to differentiate between uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma. However, the study size was small and therefore the data have to be confirmed by others.
Essential role for the interaction between hnRNP H/F and a G quadruplex in maintaining p53 pre-mRNA 3′-end processing and function during DNA damage (2011)

Following DNA damage, mRNA 3'-end formation is inhibited, contributing to repression of mRNA synthesis. Here we investigated how DNA-damaged cells accomplish p53 mRNA 3'-end formation when normal mechanisms of pre-mRNA 3'-end processing regulation are inhibited. The underlying mechanism involves the interaction between a G-quadruplex structure located downstream from the p53 cleavage site and hnRNP H/F. Importantly, this interaction is critical for p53 expression and contributes to p53-mediated apoptosis. Our results uncover the existence of a specific rescue mechanism of 3'-end processing regulation allowing stress-induced p53 accumulation and function in apoptosis.
Some terms of reference in data fusion (1999)

This paper discusses the needs for a concept and harmonized terms of reference in data fusion. Previously published definitions are analyzed. A new definition of the data fusion is proposed which has been set within an European working group. Several definitions and terms of reference are given which describe the information intervening in any problem of data fusion.
Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With Increased Long-Term Mortality After Cardiothoracic Surgery (2009)

The risk of death associated with AKI after cardiothoracic surgery remains high for 10 years regardless of other risk factors, even for those patients with complete renal recovery. Improved renal protection and closer postdischarge follow-up of renal function may be warranted.