gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotidesa (1992)

We have used the antisense strategy to study the role of certain genes in cell cycle progression. In particular, we used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to study: (1) the role of the IGF-1 receptor in the control of cell proliferation; and (2) the sequence of gene expression during the cell cycle. Our results can be summarized as follows: (1) the activation of the IGF-1 receptor by its ligand, IGF-1, is an obligatory step in the proliferation of fibroblasts and hemopoietic cells; and (2) the expression of DNA synthesis genes, such as PCNA, DNA polymerase alpha, and cdc2, is dependent on the expression of previous genes. A tentative temporal order is: c-myc > c-myb > IGF-1 receptor > DNA synthesis genes.
Human Emanations and Related Natural Compounds That Inhibit Mosquito Host-Finding Abilities (2006)

One mechanism by which the action of semiochemicals can be classified is based on the behavioral impact within or external to the species of interest. As such, one can classify a chemical as one of the following2,3:\n1. Pheromone, if it results in response between insects of the same species 2. Kairomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species receiving the chemical cue 3. Allomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species releasing the chemical cue\nHowever, the distinctions can be more specific by classification of chemical cues through the imparted behavioral effect: attractant; repellent; arrestant; locomotory stimulant; feeding, mating, or oviposition stimulant; and feeding, mating, or oviposition deterrent.2,4 Karlson and Lu¨ scher first proposed the term “pheromone” to describe chemicals with instraspecific species activity.5,6 Chemicals with interspecific species activity are allelochemicals.3 Allelochemicals can be separated further into kairomones, of which attractants are a category of, and allomones, which are the primary focus of both this book and chapter, and the class that repellents are a part of. Furthermore, attraction-inhibitors, are classified by us as a category of repellents. Ironically, many of the attraction-inhibitors have been discovered in a search for kairomones used by mosquitoes to locate human hosts. Attraction-inhibitors may not repel by the traditional mechanisms, but they do interfere, or act as an antagonist to the normal attraction response of an insect to attractive odor(s).\nThe proper name for the behavioral actions that are described in this chapter can be debated extensively and additional discussion of terminology is found in Chapter 2 by White. In this short prequel to the main body of our contribution on human and other compounds that interfere with mosquito host-finding, we put forth our rationale supporting the terms used to describe behaviors reported in this chapter.
Complement factor H related proteins (CFHRs) (2013)

Factor H related proteins comprise a group of five plasma proteins: CFHR1, CFHR2, CFHR3, CFHR4 and CFHR5, and each member of this group binds to the central complement component C3b. Mutations, genetic deletions, duplications or rearrangements in the individual CFHR genes are associated with a number of diseases including atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3 glomerulopathies (C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN), dense deposit disease (DDD) and CFHR5 nephropathy), IgA nephropathy, age related macular degeneration (AMD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although complement regulatory functions were attributed to most of the members of the CFHR protein family, the precise role of each CFHR protein in complement activation and the exact contribution to disease pathology is still unclear. Recent publications show that CFHR proteins form homo- as well as heterodimers. Genetic abnormalities within the CFHR gene locus can result in hybrid proteins with affected dimerization or recognition domains which cause defective functions. Here we summarize the recent data about CFHR genes and proteins in order to better understand the role of CFHR proteins in complement activation and in complement associated diseases.
Correlation Between Attenuation of Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Ischemia and Preservation of Tissue Vitamin E by the 21-Aminosteroid U74006F: Evidence for an In Vivo Antioxidant Mechanism (1989)

In the present study, the ability of U74006F, the 21-aminosteroid inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, to attenuate posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia has been examined in cats following a moderately severe compression injury. Moreover, in an attempt to assess whether U74006F is affecting in vivo posttraumatic lipid peroxidation, the effect of the compound on injury-induced spinal tissue vitamin E depletion was also studied. Following an initial 10 min postinjury hyperperfusion (+45%), spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) returned to the preinjury level at 30 min before entering a phase of progressive hypoperfusion, which reached -42.0 +/- 4.5% by 4 h postinjury in the vehicle-treated animals. In animals that received 30 min postinjury U74006F i.v. doses of 1.0, 3.0, or 10 mg/kg (plus 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 mg/kg maintenance doses at 2.5 h.), the SCBF decline was reduced to -23.1%, -22.9%, and -26.1%, respectively (p less than 0.05 vs. vehicle at all three doses). A 0.3 mg/kg dose did not reduce the posttraumatic fall in SCBF. In vehicle-treated cats, the vitamin E content of the injured cord segment was reduced by 78.9% at 4 h postinjury in comparison to cord samples from uninjured vehicle-treated cats. In contrast, the same doses of U74006F (1.0, 3.0, and 10 mg/kg) that attenuated posttraumatic ischemia also significantly reduced the depletion of cord vitamin E. The lowest U74006F dosage (0.3 mg/kg), which failed to affect posttraumatic ischemia development, also had no effect on spinal cord vitamin E content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Control of Morbid Obesity (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FXYD proteins: new regulators of Na-K-ATPase (2006)

FXYD proteins belong to a family of small-membrane proteins. Recent experimental evidence suggests that at least five of the seven members of this family, FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma-subunit of Na-K-ATPase), FXYD3 (Mat-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD7, are auxiliary subunits of Na-K-ATPase and regulate Na-K-ATPase activity in a tissue- and isoform-specific way. These results highlight the complexity of the regulation of Na+ and K+ handling by Na-K-ATPase, which is necessary to ensure appropriate tissue functions such as renal Na+ reabsorption, muscle contractility, and neuronal excitability. Moreover, a mutation in FXYD2 has been linked to cases of human hypomagnesemia, indicating that perturbations in the regulation of Na-K-ATPase by FXYD proteins may be critically involved in pathophysiological states. A better understanding of this novel regulatory mechanism of Na-K-ATPase should help in learning more about its role in pathophysiological states. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the role of FXYD proteins in the modulation of Na-K-ATPase as well as of other proteins, their regulation, and their structure-function relationship.
Use of a Kick Simulator as a Well Planning Tool (1992)

Abstract A kick simulator was used to plan for well control situations on a deep high pressure well. Results from the simulations were used to identify requirements and modify rigsite well control procedures. The result of the work is safer rig-site operations at little extra cost. Extension of this work to well design in general suggests the potential for safer well operations and simultaneous cost savings.
Biological markers for evaluating therapeutic efficacy in Chagas disease, a systematic review (2014)

The most neglected aspects of Chagas disease (CD) have been patient care and treatment. Despite recent progress in the development of potentially improved drugs, there is no consensus among different research groups on the lack of therapeutic response markers to evaluate efficacy of newly proposed drugs early after treatment. A systematic review of current evidence regarding molecules which are potential biomarkers for therapeutic response has been conducted using quality assessment and target responses as primary criteria. The review provides a panorama of the cumulative evidence and specific needs for development of a battery of complementary biomarkers which together fulfill ideal or acceptable criteria to evaluate early responses to treatment for chronic CD. There are several marker candidates which together may fulfill acceptable criteria to indicate the efficacy of a trypanocidal treatment. Data from ongoing studies are considered essential to improve assessment of existing markers and to identify those for early follow-up of treated patients.
An efficient block floating point implementation of the LMS algorithm (2004)

An efficient scheme is presented for implementing the LMS-based transversal adaptive filter in block floating point (BFP) format which permits processing of data over a wide dynamic range at a processor cost marginally higher than that of a fixed point processor. Appropriate BFP formats for both the data and the filter coefficients have been adopted and adjustments made in filtering as well as weight updating operations in order to sustain the adopted format and also to prevent overflow in both these operations jointly. For the presented method to work properly, the algorithm step size is to be chosen below an upper limit, which is, however, not very restrictive when compared with the upper bound for convergence, thereby having marginal effect on convergence speed.
Persistent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Complication of the Combined Spinal-Epidural Technique (2004)

Combined spinal-epidural block can be complicated by persistent fluid leak from the skin insertion site. Testing for the presence of cerebrospinal fluid may be a useful aid to management.
Correlation of static speckle with sample properties in optical coherence tomography (2006)

We present theoretical calculations, based on a random phasor sum model, which show that the optical coherence tomography speckle contrast ratio is dependent on the local density of scattering particles in a sample, provided that the effective number of scatterers in the probed volume is less than about five. We confirm these theoretical predictions experimentally, using suspensions of microspheres in water. The observed contrast ratios vary in value from the Rayleigh limit of 0.52 to in excess of 2, suggesting that the contrast ratio could be useful in optical coherence tomography, particularly when imaging in ultrahigh-resolution regimes.
Sequencing by Hybridization with the Generic 6-mer Oligonucleotide Microarray: An Advanced Scheme for Data Processing (2000)

DNA sequencing by hybridization was carried out with a microarray of all 4(6) = 4,096 hexadeoxyribonucleotides (the generic microchip). The oligonucleotides immobilized in 100 x 100 x 20-microm polyacrylamide gel pads of the generic microchip were hybridized with fluorescently labeled ssDNA, providing perfect and mismatched duplexes. Melting curves were measured in parallel for all microchip duplexes with a fluorescence microscope equipped with CCD camera. This allowed us to discriminate the perfect duplexes formed by the oligonucleotides, which are complementary to the target DNA. The DNA sequence was reconstructed by overlapping the complementary oligonucleotide probes. We developed a data processing scheme to heighten the discrimination of perfect duplexes from mismatched ones. The procedure was united with a reconstruction of the DNA sequence. The scheme includes the proper definition of a discriminant signal, preprocessing, and the variational principle for the sequence indicator function. The effectiveness of the procedure was confirmed by sequencing, proofreading, and nucleotide polymorphism (mutation) analysis of 13 DNA fragments from 31 to 70 nucleotides long.
Inhibitors of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Thwart Mycobacterial Growth (2008)

Galactofuranose (Galf) residues are fundamental components of the cell wall of mycobacteria. A key enzyme, UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM), that participates in Galf incorporation mediates isomerization of UDP-Galf from UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp). UGM is of special interest as a therapeutic target because the gene encoding it is essential for mycobacterial viability and there is no comparable enzyme in humans. We used structure-activity relationships and molecular design to devise UGM inhibitors. From a focused library of synthetic aminothiazoles, several compounds that block the UGM from Klebsiella pneumoniae or Mycobacterium tuberculosis were identified. These inhibitors block the growth of M. smegmatis.
Molecular modeling suggests induced fit of Family I carbohydrate-binding modules with a broken-chain cellulose surface (2007)

Cellobiohydrolases are the most effective single component of fungal cellulase systems; however, their molecular mode of action on cellulose is not well understood. These enzymes act to detach and hydrolyze cellodextrin chains from crystalline cellulose in a processive manner, and the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) is thought to play an important role in this process. Understanding the interactions between the CBM and cellulose at the molecular level can assist greatly in formulating selective mutagenesis experiments to confirm the function of the CBM. Computational molecular dynamics was used to investigate the interaction of the CBM from Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I with a model of the (1,0,0) cellulose surface modified to display a broken chain. Initially, the CBM was located in different positions relative to the reducing end of this break, and during the simulations it appeared to translate freely and randomly across the cellulose surface, which is consistent with its role in processivity. Another important finding is that the reducing end of a cellulose chain appears to induce a conformational change in the CBM. Simulations show that the tyrosine residues on the hydrophobic surface of the CBM, Y5, Y31 and Y32 align with the cellulose chain adjacent to the reducing end and, importantly, that the fourth tyrosine residue in the CBM (Y13) moves from its internal position to form van der Waals interactions with the cellulose surface. As a consequence of this induced change near the surface, the CBM straddles the reducing end of the broken chain. Interestingly, all four aromatic residues are highly conserved in Family I CBM, and thus this recognition mechanism may be universal to this family.
Physiological and Ecological Function within the Phytochrome Family (1995)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
The caveolar nitric oxide synthase/arginine regeneration system for NO production in endothelial cells (2003)

The enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) catalyzes the conversion of arginine, oxygen and NADPH to NO and citrulline. Previous results suggest an efficient, compartmentalized system for recycling of citrulline to arginine utilized for NO production. In support of this hypothesis, the recycling enzymes, argininosuccinate synthase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase (AL), have been shown to colocalize with eNOS in caveolae, a subcompartment of the plasma membrane. Under unstimulated conditions, the degree of recycling is minimal. Upon stimulation of NO production by bradykinin, however, recycling is co-stimulated to the extent that more than 80% of the citrulline produced is recycled to arginine. These results suggest an efficient caveolar recycling complex that supports the receptor-mediated stimulation of endothelial NO production. To investigate the molecular basis for the unique location and function of endothelial AS and AL, endothelial AS mRNA was compared with liver AS mRNA. No differences were found in the coding region of the mRNA species, but significant differences were found in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). The results of these studies suggest that sequence in the endothelial AS-encoding gene, represented by position -92 nt to -43 nt from the translation start site in the extended AS mRNA 5'-UTRs, plays an important role in differential and tissue-specific expression. Overall, a strong evidential case has been developed supporting the proposal that arginine availability, governed by a caveolar-localized arginine regeneration system, plays a key role in receptor-mediated endothelial NO production.
Epitopes of an influenza viral peptide recognized by antibody at single amino acid resolution. (1988)

Antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminal 24 amino acids (305-328) of the heavy chain of the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus A/X-31 (H3) bind this peptide at three antigenic sites. These sites were identified by assaying binding of polyclonal BALB/c mouse antipeptide sera to the complete set of all possible di-, tri, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octapeptides homologous with the 24-residue sequence. Individual epitopes were defined and essential residues identified by testing the binding of monoclonal antibodies to sets of peptide analogues in which every one of the homologous residues was replaced in turn by each of the 19 alternative genetically coded amino acids. The immunodominant epitope was shown to be a linear sequence of five amino acids, 314LKLAT318. Replacement of any one of these residues with any other amino acid resulted in loss of antibody binding, indicating that all five are essential to the interaction and that they are probably contact residues. Another antigenic site contains at least two overlapping epitopes: polyclonal sera recognize predominantly an epitope or epitopes encompassed by the linear sequence 320MRNVPEKQT328, whereas the epitope defined by a particular monoclonal antibody comprises the seven amino acids 322NVPEKQT328, of which N322, E325, and Q327 were implicated as contact residues.
Mutation Testing of Early-Onset Breast Cancer Genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (1997)

BRCA1 and BRCA2, genes predisposing to early-onset breast cancer, have been isolated and are characterized for mutation spectrum, risks of cancer, and function. The different methodologies to screen for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are briefly discussed including DNA-based methodologies and potential new assays. The numbers and types of mutations identified to date are described, including the problems of ascribing risk to missense mutations. Recurring, possibly founding mutations have been identified in several populations including Ashkenazi Jews, Icelanders, Swedes, and African Americans. From population-based studies, estimates are that 6%-10% of breast cancers are due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Knowledge of mutation status raises additional questions including the interpretation of negative tests and the risks of breast and other cancers associated with positive test results.
Platelet growth factors suppressex vivoexpansion and enhance differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD133+stem cells to megakaryocyte progenitor cells (2010)

Taken together, platelet growth factors in the presence of CC suppress ex vivo expansion of UCB CD133(+) cells and enhance their differentiation into megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 induces malignant transformation of benign mammary epithelia: Implication for increased cell survival and altered cellular adhesions in breast cancer (2001)

Tissue function is supported through dynamic and reciprocal communication between cells and the tissue environment. Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important example of a mediator of this communication. Elevated levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation promote malignant growth and behavior, although the tyrosine kinases that are responsible for this signaling remain largely unknown. Antibodies were generated against tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in malignant tissue in an attempt to identify tyrosine kinases responsible for the malignant phenotype. Here we report increased levels of the EphA2 (ECK) receptor protein tyrosine kinase in clinical specimens and cell models of breast cancer. Overexpression of EphA2 is sufficient to induce malignant transformation and tumorigenesis in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. Specifically, common in vitro and in vivo assays identified increased survival in a foreign environment and alterations in cell adhesions as phenotypes of the EphA2 transformed cell, MCFEphA2. A major contributor to at least the alteration in cell adhesions provoked by EphA2 overexpression is increased production of the ECM component fibronectin. Further analysis of the balance of cell adhesions in nontransformed tissue reveals that the strength of ECM attachments adversely affects the strength of cell-cell adhesions. Additional studies revealed that the steroid sex hormone estrogen and the transcription factor Myc suppress EphA2 expression. This study depicts EphA2 as a regulator of malignant transformation, which may provide a novel target cancer therapeutics and diagnostics.
Identification of active site serine and histidine residues in Escherichia coli outer membrane protease OmpT (2000)

Escherichia coli outer membrane protease OmpT has been characterised as a serine protease based on its inhibitor profile, but serine protease consensus sequences are absent. By site-directed mutagenesis we substituted all conserved serines and histidines. Substitution of His(101) and His(212) by Ala, Asn or Gln resulted in variant enzymes with 0.01 and 9-20% residual enzymatic activity towards a fluorogenic pentapeptide substrate, respectively. The mutations S140A and S201A did not decrease activity, while variants S40A and S99A yielded 0.5 and 0.2% residual activities, respectively. When measured with a dipeptide substrate the variant S40A demonstrated full activity, whereas variant S99A displayed at least 500-fold reduced activity. We conclude that Ser(99) and His(212) are essential active site residues. We propose that OmpT is a novel serine protease with Ser(99) as the active site nucleophile and His(212) as general base.
Inherited Cancer Syndromes (2004)

There are various factors that contribute to the development of neoplasia.Among the most important factors are the genetic and environmental factors.One of the strongest pieces of evidence for the genetic basis of cancer at the cellular level is the observation that nearly all cancers are monoclonal in origin that is all of the cancer cells in an individual patient can be shown to have arisen from a single original precursor cell.