gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Versus Actuarial Judgment (1989)

Professionals are frequently consulted to diagnose and predict human behavior; optimal treatment and planning often hinge on the consultant's judgmental accuracy. The consultant may rely on one of two contrasting approaches to decision-making--the clinical and actuarial methods. Research comparing these two approaches shows the actuarial method to be superior. Factors underlying the greater accuracy of actuarial methods, sources of resistance to the scientific findings, and the benefits of increased reliance on actuarial approaches are discussed.
Involvement of phospholipase A2 activation in tumour cell killing by tumour necrosis factor. (1988)

Earlier studies have indicated a possible role for arachidonate metabolism in the direct cytolysis of tumour cells by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro. In this study, the involvement of arachidonate metabolism has been investigated further with the following results: (i) Cytolysis of human U937 tumour cells by recombinant TNF was reduced by dexamethasone and quinacrine, agents which inhibit phospholipase A2. (ii) U937 and L929 cells, which are susceptible to TNF cytolysis, released arachidonic acid and its metabolites within 5 hr of TNF challenge, before cell death was apparent. In contrast, U937/R and L929/R, which are resistant to the cytolytic effects of TNF, did not release arachidonate products on TNF challenge. (iii) rTNF cytolysis of U937 cells was not reduced by inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase and lipo-oxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cytolysis was reduced, however, by inhibitors of the arachidonate metabolic pathway involving cytochrome P450-dependent reductase, but only at reagent concentrations that also inhibited phospholipase A2 activity. Overall, these observations indicate a role for phospholipase A2 but not for arachidonic acid or its metabolites in the direct cytolysis of tumour cell lines by TNF.
Increase of androgen-induced cell death and androgen receptor transactivation by BRCA1 in prostate cancer cells (2000)

Although mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) may play important roles in breast and prostate cancers, the detailed mechanism linking the functions of BRCA1 to these two hormone-related tumors remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that BRCA1 interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and enhances AR target genes, such as p21 (WAF1/CIP1) , that may result in the increase of androgen-induced cell death in prostate cancer cells. The BRCA1-enhanced AR transactivation can be further induced synergistically with AR coregulators, such as CBP, ARA55, and ARA70. Together, these data suggest that the BRCA1 may function as an AR coregulator and play positive roles in androgen-induced cell death in prostate cancer cells and other androgen/AR target organs.
DNA and RNA virus species are inhibited by xanthates, a class of antiviral compounds with unique properties. (1984)

Various DNA and RNA virus species are inhibited by xanthate compounds at concentrations that leave the mitotic activity of uninfected cells unimpaired. The concentration of tricyclodecan -9-yl- xanthogenate that reduces the yield of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by 50% is between 4.5 and 33 microM. The replication of DNA viruses such as simian virus 40 can be blocked at the DNA and RNA level both early and late after infection. The xanthates are not incorporated into nucleic acids. Episomal bovine papilloma virus DNA replication and transcription are also inhibited in transformed cells. The treated cells revert to the normal phenotype by acquisition of contact inhibition and a flat morphology.
High-Power, Low-Efficiency-Droop Semipolar ($20\bar{2}\bar{1}$) Single-Quantum-Well Blue Light-Emitting Diodes (2012)

We demonstrate a small-area (0.1 mm2) semipolar (2021) blue (447 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) with high light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by utilizing a single 12-nm-thick InGaN quantum well. The LED had pulsed LOPs of 140, 253, 361, and 460 mW, and EQEs of 50.1, 45.3, 43.0, and 41.2%, at current densities of 100, 200, 300, and 400 A/cm2, respectively. The device showed little blue shift and had a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). Micro-electroluminescence (µ-EL) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images indicate a high-quality InGaN quantum well (QW) layer.
Highly Potent Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by TAK-220, an Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule CCR5 Antagonist (2005)

TAK-220 is a member of a novel class of chemokine receptor antagonists and is highly specific to CCR5, as determined by receptor binding and calcium mobilization assays. The compound selectively inhibited coreceptor-mediated entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into host cells and HIV-1 infection mediated by CCR5. TAK-220 inhibited the replication of six CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1 clinical isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a mean 90% effective concentration of 13 nM. The anti-HIV-1 activity of TAK-220 was not affected by addition of high concentrations of human serum. It equally inhibited R5 HIV-1 replication in PBMCs obtained from eight different donors, irrespective of the levels of viral production. Furthermore, the anti-HIV-1 activity of TAK-220 was found to be subtype independent. TAK-220 did not induce CCR5 internalization but blocked the binding of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize the second extracellular loop of CCR5 in CCR5-expressing cells. These results suggest that TAK-220 selectively inhibits R5 HIV-1 replication by interfering with coreceptor-mediated entry of the virus into host cells. At a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight, TAK-220 showed oral bioavailabilities of 9.5 and 28.9% in rats and monkeys, respectively. Thus, TAK-220 is a promising candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
The Hydrolysis of Anhydrous Dicalcium Phosphate into Hydroxyapatite (1993)

Hydrolytic conversion of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA; CaHPO4) to non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x) was investigated under controlled-solution conditions for identification of solution factors which influence the nucleation, growth, and crystal morphology of the apatitic product phase. The hydrolysis experiments (1 mmol to 7.5 mmol CaHPO4/250 mL) were carried out under CO2-free N2 at fixed pH in the presence of 25-100 mmol/L CaCl2 by standard pH-stat techniques at 37 degrees C. The pH values of the experimental solutions ranged from 6.35 to 9.0. The crystal size and shape of the HAP product were established by x-ray diffraction, and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Generally, hydrolysis times and the size of the HAP crystals attained upon completion of the conversion were inversely related to pH. However, crystal size decreased sharply below pH 6.5. Crystal morphology was also strongly affected by pH, with the most equi-dimensionally-shaped crystals developing at pH 7.0. Although the HAP first appeared on the surface of the DCPA, the amount of DCPA used did not affect the final HAP crystal size or the time required for the hydrolysis to be completed. These data suggest that DCPA initiated HAP formation but that nucleation density (i.e., number of nuclei/unit area DCPA surface) and subsequent growth events were controlled by solution factors.
Evolutionary relationships of virion glycoprotein genes in the S regions of alphaherpesvirus genomes (1990)

The short region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a contiguous array of five genes (US4, US5, US6, US7 and US8) which encode known or proposed virion-surface glycoprotein species. Counterparts for certain of these have been described in the genomes of other alphaherpesviruses, namely herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus and varicella-zoster virus. Within each of the US4-, US6- and US7-related sets, the amino acid sequences are most conserved in a region containing several cysteine residues. Comparisons in this region among the three sets were carried out by first aligning three cysteine residues which were very similarly placed in each set, and a number of other similarities were then visible. It was concluded that the US4, US6 and US7 sets of genes are related, and thus have evolved by duplication and divergence. The US8-related sequences are distinct from the US4, US6 and US7 sequences, although possible signs of a distant relationship were detected. The US8 set contains two clusters of cysteine residues, and the sequences around these show some similarity, which was interpreted as evidence for occurrence of an intramolecular duplication event.
The double-helix microscope super-resolves extended biological structures by localizing single blinking molecules in three dimensions with nanoscale precision (2012)

The double-helix point spread function microscope encodes the axial (z) position information of single emitters in wide-field (x,y) images, thus enabling localization in three dimensions (3D) inside extended volumes. We experimentally determine the statistical localization precision σ of this approach using single emitters in a cell under typical background conditions, demonstrating σ < 20 nm laterally and <30 nm axially for N ≈ 1180 photons per localization. Combined with light-induced blinking of single-molecule labels, we present proof-of-concept imaging beyond the optical diffraction limit of microtubule network structures in fixed mammalian cells over a large axial range in three dimensions.
Baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces neutralizing antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses, but does not protect immunized mice against lethal HSV-1 challenge (1992)

We have shown previously that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein H (gH) expressed by a baculovirus recombinant is transported to the cell surface in the absence of other HSV-1 gene products, and that the expressed gH has an apparent Mr similar to that of authentic HSV-1 gH. We report here that antibodies raised in mice to this baculovirus-expressed gH neutralize the infectivity of HSV-1 in vitro; this neutralizing activity was not complement-dependent. Mice vaccinated with gH also developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to HSV-1. This is the first report of expressed HSV-1 gH inducing neutralizing antibody or DTH responses in vaccinated animals. In contrast to the gH expressed in mammalian systems, the ability of this baculovirus-expressed gH to induce a neutralizing antibody response may be due to the inability of the mammalian expression system to transport gH to the cell surface. Despite inducing anti-HSV-1 neutralizing antibody and DTH responses, vaccination of mice with gH did not protect the mice against lethal intraperitoneal challenge with HSV-1.
Acceleration of the Hydrolysis of Organic Fluorophosphates and Fluorophosphonates with Hydroxamic Acids (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcceleration of the Hydrolysis of Organic Fluorophosphates and Fluorophosphonates with Hydroxamic AcidsB. E. Hackley Jr., R. Plapinger, M. Stolberg, and T. Wagner-JaureggCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 13, 3651–3653Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01618a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01618a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reticulocytes. I. Isolation and in vitro maturation of synchronized populations (1989)

Abstract Studies of reticulocyte maturation have been limited by the inability to obtain pure populations of age-synchronized reticulocytes and by the absence of well-defined methods for the maturation of reticulocytes in vitro. Many of these problems were overcome using temporary suppression of erythropoiesis with thiamphenicol and phlebotomy resulting in a highly reproducible reticulocyte response, Percoll density gradient separation of cells yielding essentially pure populations of age- synchronized reticulocytes, and liquid culture techniques where cell lysis is minimal. The system allows reproducible study of well-defined cohorts of reticulocytes as they mature into erythrocytes. During in vitro maturation we serially monitored changes in reticulocyte count, glucose consumption, 125I-transferrin binding, fluorescein (FITC)- labeled transferrin binding, the activities of four erythrocyte enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and the appearance of cells on scanning electron microscopy. These variables changed at different rates suggesting that multiple mechanisms underlie these maturational events. Transferrin binding and reticulocyte count decreased most rapidly and reached values near zero after three to four days in culture. The four enzyme activities decreased much more slowly, and only two reached pretreatment values after seven days in culture. In contrast to the findings of others, scanning electron microscopy suggested that cells do not assume the normal biconcave shape in this system. The methods described make it feasible to study the process of reticulocyte maturation in vitro. The data presented represent a first step in the study of the coordination and interrelationships of various maturational processes.
Description of Telia's OFDM-based proposal (1997)

This document give an overview of Telias OFDM based proposal for UTRA and should be considered as an input to the OFDM concept group within SMG 2. The document describe the fundamental frame structure, principles of the detection, modulation, coding and synchronisation. Further on the channel structure, the resource management and handover principles are outlined.
Centromere mapping and orientation of the molecular linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). (1996)

Rice has become a model cereal plant for molecular genetic research. Rice has the most comprehensive molecular linkage maps with more than 2000 DNA markers and shows synteny and colinearity with the maps of other cereal crops. Until now, however, no information was available about the positions of centromeres and arm locations of markers on the molecular linkage map. Secondary and telotrisomics were used to assign restriction fragment length polymorphism markers to specific chromosome arms and thereby to map the positions of centromeres. More than 170 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were assigned to specific chromosome arms through gene dosage analysis using the secondary and telotrisomics and the centromere positions were mapped on all 12 linkage groups. The orientations of seven linkage groups were reversed to fit the "short arm on top" convention and the corrected map is presented.
Advanced hybrid integrated low-power telemetric pressure monitoring system for biomedical applications (2002)

A new, highly miniaturized hybrid integrated solution for telemetric pressure measurement in biomedical applications is presented. The telemetrically powered ITES (Implantable Telemetric Endo-System) consists of a surface micro-machined capacitive type absolute pressure sensor fabricated in an eight-mask MOS-like process and two low-power ASICs for capacitance change read-out and telemetric data and energy transmission. An advanced flip-chip mounting and assembly technology is applied to overcome most of the drawbacks of hybrid integration and to fulfill space requirements of biomedical implants without monolithic sensor integration. This paper emphasizes system design considerations of the hybrid system such as its partitioning and the mounting and assembly technology. The pressure sensor design and its associated read-out is discussed in detail.
Blocking adhesion to cell and tissue surfaces via steric stabilization with graft copolymers containing poly(ethylene glycol) and phenylboronic acid (2001)

Graft copolymers were designed to coat biological surfaces and thereby block subsequent adhesion and recognition events with other proteins, cells, and tissues. Inspired by polymeric steric stabilization of colloidal dispersions, the copolymers contain a backbone with affinity for biological surfaces and grafted side-chains that are resistant to adhesion of biological elements. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) moieties in the polymer backbone provided for binding, by forming reversible covalent complexes with cis-diols in oligosaccharides that are ubiquitous on cell surfaces and secreted macromolecules. The PBA moieties were conjugated to a poly-L-lysine (PLL) backbone via a secondary amine linker. Grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side-chains provided for resistance of adhesion of proteins and cells. It was hypothesized that these PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) copolymers would spontaneously assemble on biological (e.g., cell or tissue) surfaces, where the PBA-containing backbone would bind to the surfaces and thereby anchor a dense PEG brush on the surface.

PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) copolymers were synthesized with varying degrees of PEG and PBA grafting. The pKa of the PBA groups was found to be circa 6, allowing for stronger binding at physiological pH than most PBA groups, which have pKas circa 8.8. The PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) copolymers were found to bind specifically to a mannan resin, where the PEG grafting ratio sterically controlled the binding. The copolymers coated red blood cells and blocked their agglutination by lectins and by blood group antibodies. The copolymers were also found to coat tissue culture polystyrene, adsorbed serum proteins, and extracellular matrix and to prevent the adhesion, spreading, and/or migration of rabbit lens epithelial cells on those surfaces. The copolymers displayed evidence of toxicity in vitro but no toxicity was seen when administered in vivo in models of posterior capsule opacification or peritoneal adhesion formation. PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) was found to interfere with the worsening of peritoneal adhesions following adhesiolysis. The efficacy of the copolymers was a function of the degree of PEG and PBA grafting, and PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) copolymers were found to be more effective than electrostatically-binding PLL-g-PEG copolymers. PLL-g-(PEG;PBA) copolymers have many possible clinical applications where blocking protein or cell interactions with cell, tissue, or biomaterial surfaces via a simple aqueous lavage is desired.
Safety and Efficacy of Tetrabenazine and Use of Concomitant Medications During Long-Term, Open-Label Treatment of Chorea Associated with Huntington’s and Other Diseases (2013)

Tetrabenazine treatment was associated with long-term improvement in chorea. Adverse event rates were comparable to those reported from controlled trials.
Hemoglobin H disease: not necessarily a benign disorder (2003)

Hb H disease is a form of α-thalassemia often manifested clinically as thalassemia intermedia with moderate anemia. It is commonly found in Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean populations. There is a wide spectrum of genotypes and phenotypic presentations. These range from those who appear clinically to be asymptomatic, to others who are more anemic, having significant hepatosplenomegaly and requiring occasional or even regular transfusions, to the severe Hb H hydrops fetalis syndrome that can cause death in the affected fetuses late in gestation. This hereditary disorder is usually caused by deletions removing all but one single α-globin gene (deletional Hb H disease). A small proportion of patients have deletions removing 2 α-globin genes plus a nondeletional mutation affecting a third α-globin gene (nondeletional Hb H disease). In general, nondeletional Hb H disease has a more severe clinical course than the deletional form. Review of recent literature suggests that Hb H disease is not as benign a disorder as previously thought. It can bring about growth retardation during childhood and iron overload in adults regardless of previous transfusion history, leading to hepatic, cardiac, and endocrine dysfunction. Significant anemia might occur during infections, fever, hypersplenism, or pregnancy that may necessitate the need for blood transfusions. An essential part of the maternal/child health care should include screening the partners of all pregnant women with Hb H disease for their thalassemia carrier status, and providing these and other couples who are at risk of conceiving offspring with Hb H disease with appropriate genetic counseling. Prospective and systematic studies of the natural history of Hb H disease, particularly during infancy and childhood, as well as during pregnancy, have not been carried out and are much needed. Information derived from these investigations can lead to better insight to potential risk factors associated with severe disease and can help to formulate future medical interventions and treatment strategies.
Expression of the human gene coding for the α-chain of C4b-binding protein, C4BPA, is controlled by an HNF1-dependent hepatic-specific promoter (1995)

C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is an abundant oligomeric plasma glycoprotein which controls the activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. In humans, the majority form of C4BP is composed of seven alpha-chains and one beta-chain, covalently linked by their C-termini. C4BP is mainly expressed in the liver. We have previously cloned and characterized the structure of the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains, C4BPA and C4BPB, respectively. Here we addressed the characterization of the mechanisms controlling the hepatic restricted expression of the C4BPA gene. We found that the C4BPA promoter is contained within the first 369 bp upstream of the transcription start site. The activity of this promoter is restricted to hepatic cells in transfection experiments. The hepatic transcription factor HNF1 interacts with a region of this promoter at -38 bp. This region is absolutely required for the activity of this promoter, suggesting that HNF1 is essential for the hepatic activity of the C4BPA promoter. We speculate that this extreme requirement of HNF1 for the activity of the human C4BPA promoter is related to the fact that this promoter lacks a TATA box.