gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reductive‐Cyclization‐Mediated Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Quinolines from Baylis–Hillman Adducts of Acrylonitrile: Scope and Limitations (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of a variety of polycyclic quinolines is described. The target molecules were obtained in two steps by an initial reductive cyclization followed by another intramolecular cyclization in the allylamines afforded from either the acetates or allyl bromides of Baylis–Hillman adducts of 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes and acrylonitrile. The two steps proceeded in one‐pot for those substrates in which a formyl or hydroxy group reacted with the amino group of the 2‐aminoquinoline in the second intramolecular cyclization. In contrast, a basic medium was necessary for the second intramolecular cyclization reaction in substrates in which an alkoxycarbonyl group and the amino group participated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Addition of a mu-tailpiece to IgG results in polymeric antibodies with enhanced effector functions including complement-mediated cytolysis by IgG4. (1995)

The 18-amino acid carboxyl-terminal tailpiece from IgM (mutp) has now been added to the carboxyl-termini of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 constant regions to produce recombinant IgM-like IgGs. Polymeric IgGs obtained by this approach possess up to six Fcs and 12 antigen-combining sites, greatly increasing the avidity of their interactions with other molecules. Not surprisingly, the C activity of normally active IgG1 and IgG3 and somewhat less active IgG2 Abs is shown to be dramatically enhanced upon polymerization. The multiple Fcs present in a single molecule apparently allow for more efficient interactions with the multiple C1q heads present in C1, the first component of the classical C cascade. An unexpected result however, is that IgG4, normally devoid of C activity, when polymerized in the same fashion directs C-mediated lysis of target cells almost as effectively as the other polymers. Interestingly though, IgG4mutp does not deplete C activity in a standard consumption assay using soluble Ag. The other gamma mutp isotypes are capable of depleting 100% of the serum lytic ability even in the absence of Ag, whereas IgG4mutp shows no evidence of activity in this assay under any of the conditions tested. Additionally, we show that, in contrast to monomeric IgG, polymeric IgGs bind with very high affinity to Fc gamma receptor II (Fc gamma RII), a low affinity receptor for wild-type antibodies; however, binding to Fc gamma Rl, the high affinity receptor, appears to be unaltered. Finally, the in vivo t1/2 of the gamma mutp proteins is decreased relative to wild-type IgG, apparently because of rapid clearance of the polymeric fraction.
Identification of myelodysplastic syndrome–specific genes by DNA microarray analysis with purified hematopoietic stem cell fraction (2001)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a slowly progressing hematologic malignancy associated with a poor outcome. Despite the relatively high incidence of MDS in the elderly, differentiation of MDS from de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still remains problematic. Identification of genes expressed in an MDS-specific manner would allow the molecular diagnosis of MDS. Toward this goal, AC133 surface marker-positive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like fractions have been collected from a variety of leukemias in a large-scale and long-term genomics project, referred to as "Blast Bank," and transcriptome of these purified blasts from the patients with MDS were then compared with those from AML through the use of oligonucleotide microarrays. A number of genes were shown to be expressed in a disease-specific manner either to MDS or AML. Among the former found was the gene encoding the protein Delta-like (Dlk) that is distantly related to the Delta-Notch family of signaling proteins. Because overexpression of Dlk may play a role in the pathogenesis of MDS, the disease specificity of Dlk expression was tested by a quantitative "real-time" polymerase chain reaction analysis. Examination of the Blast Bank samples from 22 patients with MDS, 31 with AML, and 8 with chronic myeloid leukemia confirmed the highly selective expression of the Dlk gene in the individuals with MDS. Dlk could be the first candidate molecule to differentiate MDS from AML. The proposal is made that microarray analysis with the Blast Bank samples is an efficient approach to extract transcriptome data of clinical relevance for a wide range of hematologic disorders.
Self-assembly of single electron transistors and related devices (1998)

For the past 40 years, since the invention of the integrated circuit, the number of transistors on a computer chip has doubled roughly every 18 months. As the limits of photolithography are rapidly approached, however, it is becoming clear that continued increases in circuit density will require fairly dramatic changes in the way transistors are designed and operated. This review summarizes current strategies for fabricating transistors which operate based on the flow of single electrons through nanometre-sized metal and semiconductor particles; i.e. single electron transistors (SETs). Because the room temperature operation of SETs requires nanoparticles <10 nm in diameter, we focus mainly on devices which have the potential for being assembled from the solution phase (non-lithographic systems). Several applications of SETs are discussed in addition to the major hurdles which must be overcome for their implementation in electronic device technology.
Impact of postpartum milking frequency on the immune system and the blood metabolite concentration of dairy cows (2009)

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is marked by metabolic, hormonal, and immunological changes that have an impact on the incidence of infectious and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on immune function and blood metabolite concentration of limiting milk production in early lactation to reduce negative energy balance. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were milked either once a day (1x) or twice a day (2x) for the first week postpartum. All cows were milked twice daily for the rest of lactation. Blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), calcium, bilirubin, urea, phosphorus, glucose, leptin, stanniocalcin-1, and 17beta-estradiol were determined in samples collected from 5 wk before scheduled calving to 5 wk after calving. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were isolated from blood to conduct assays for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, and interferon-gamma). Cows milked 1x produced 31% less milk than cows milked 2x during the first week of lactation. Over the following 13 wk of lactation, the milk production of cows milked 1x during the first week was 8.1% lower than for cows milked 2x. However, because the percentages of fat and protein were greater in the milk from 1x cows, the yields of milk components and energy-corrected milk were similar. Calving induced an increase in the concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, urea, and bilirubin. The increases in levels of NEFA and BHBA were greater in cows milked 2x than in cows milked 1x. During the same period, the serum glucose concentration decreased but remained greater in cows milked 1x. Serum calcium on d 4 and serum phosphorus on d 4 and 5 were greater in cows milked 1x. The differences between the 2 groups persisted beyond treatment until postpartum d 24 for NEFA and glucose and until postpartum d 14 for BHBA. After calving, the concentrations of leptin and stanniocalcin-1 decreased. During the first week postpartum, the decrease of leptin was less marked in cows milked 1x. The immune functions of PBMC and PMNL isolated from experimental cows and incubated using a standard medium did not show clear-cut peripartum immunosuppression. These variables were not significantly affected by the treatments, with the exception of interferon-gamma secretion, which was greater on d 5 and 14 in cows milked 1x. In conclusion, limiting milk production in early lactation had positive effects on metabolite concentration, but larger studies are necessary to establish if this could reduce disease incidence.
The bilayer Lipid membrane BLM under electrical fields (2003)

Transmembrane voltage pulses are known to create transient "pores" in the lipid bilayer. This phenomenon, termed electroporation (EP), has been extensively investigated. EP occurs following electric field pulses of up to 10/sup 6/ V/cm with duration between /spl mu/s and ms to membranes in close contact and is believed to initiate primarily in the lipid bilayer. This paper begins with a brief summary of the origin of lipid bilayer research. One of practical applications of EP is cell transfection for gene expression. Other applications include encapsulation of drugs in controlled-release and insertion of proteins in living cells. It seems likely that the presence of membrane proteins affect the EP of the lipid bilayer by changing its mechanical properties. Transport of ions such as Na/sup +/, K/sup +/, Cl/sup -/ through membrane channels discharge the membrane potential, and at times an external pulse of sufficient amplitude and duration tends to cause dielectric breakdown of the lipid bilayer. Molecular transport through primary pores and pores enlarged by secondary processes provides the basis for transporting molecules into and out of cells. Some recent relevant papers on BLM under electric fields are referenced.
Stem cell transplantation: progress in Asia (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement and high mortality, which was reduced because of the most widely and classically used immunosuppressive therapies. However, some patients continue to have significant mortality. So a shift in the approach to the treatment of SLE is needed. In the past decade, most transplants have been performed in the treatment of SLE with allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cells and currently emerging mesenchymal stem cells. There are some important differences between the two procedures.
CHOLESTEROL LOWERING EFFECT OF DIETARY YEAST AND YEAST FRACTIONS (1977)

ABSTRACT Bakers and brewers yeasts, yeast cell walls (bakers yeast glycan), and a protein isolate from yeast (bakers yeast protein) incorporated into the diets of rats partially or totally prevent the elevation of the serum cholesterol in rats fed cholesterol and cholic acid as a hypercholester‐olemic agent. The degree of response depends upon the level of yeast' product in the diet. Bakers yeast glycan incorporated into the diet of hypercholesterolemic rats rapidly and markedly lower the serum cholesterol.
A fast 3D reconstruction system with a low-cost camera accessory (2015)

Photometric stereo is a three dimensional (3D) imaging technique that uses multiple 2D images, obtained from a fixed camera perspective, with different illumination directions. Compared to other 3D imaging methods such as geometry modeling and 3D-scanning, it comes with a number of advantages, such as having a simple and efficient reconstruction routine. In this work, we describe a low-cost accessory to a commercial digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera system allowing fast reconstruction of 3D objects using photometric stereo. The accessory consists of four white LED lights fixed to the lens of a commercial DSLR camera and a USB programmable controller board to sequentially control the illumination. 3D images are derived for different objects with varying geometric complexity and results are presented, showing a typical height error of <3 mm for a 50 mm sized object.
Interleukin 7 receptor functions by recruiting the tyrosine kinase p59fyn through a segment of its cytoplasmic tail. (1992)

Engagement of the cell surface receptor for interleukin 7 (IL-7R) provokes protein tyrosine phosphorylation, although the receptor lacks a kinase catalytic domain in its cytoplasmic tail. The molecular basis of this response is not known. Here we report that the IL-7R functions by recruiting p59fyn, an intracellular tyrosine kinase of the src family. Treatment of pre-B cells with IL-7 causes an enhancement of the catalytic activity of p59fyn, but not of the related kinase p62yes. IL-7-dependent stimulation of the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, a tyrosine kinase substrate, provides further evidence suggestive of p59fyn activation. We demonstrate that p59fyn forms part of a protein complex with the IL-7R. A chimeric receptor comprising the CD8 extracellular domain and the IL-7R cytoplasmic tail (CD8/IL-7R) recruits tyrosine kinase activity in transfected myeloma cells, and p59fyn can be detected in association with it by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Conversely, p59fyn immunoprecipitates contain the phosphorylated CD8/IL-7R. We have identified a segment of the IL-7R cytoplasmic tail which mediates p59fyn recruitment: a truncated CD8/IL-7R containing only this segment recruits tyrosine kinase activity, associates with p59fyn, and activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, this segment contains no tyrosine residues, although it is the phosphotyrosine-binding src homology domains of p59fyn and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase which mediate their association with many growth factor receptors. Thus our results suggest that an unusual interaction links IL-7R to these two important signaling pathways.
Natural history of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: a meta-analysis*1 (1998)

Our findings for borderline and low-grade abnormal cervical cytologic results suggest a relatively low risk of invasive cervical cancer with observation up to 24 months and support the clinical policy of early colposcopy for high-grade lesions.
Expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients. (1999)

We amplified the mRNA for cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells from 18 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 21 other neurological patients, using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Radioactive hybridization of the amplified DNA allowed quantitation of mRNA levels. Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA was elevated in CSF cells from MS patients. IFN-gamma and IL-10 mRNA levels were higher in MS patients than in other inflammatory neurological diseases. mRNA coding for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was detectable in the majority of cases, with higher expression in CSF cells of MS and other inflammatory neurological diseases than in noninflammatory controls, and higher expression in PBMC of MS patients than in all other cases. In many MS patients both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine messages were detected in the CSF compartment without correlation with the clinical activity of the disease. In contrast, mRNA for the costimulatory molecule B7.1 was only detected in the CSF cells of some MS patients, who showed clinical signs of acute relapse at the time of the spinal tap.
How to Make Biofuels Truly Poplar (2007)

CLINT CHAPPLE PROFILEClint Chapple has long reveled in the details of plant biochemistry. Now he's finally getting his hands dirty. ([Read more][1].)

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5813/786
Efficient Block Sampling Strategies for Sequential Monte Carlo Methods (2006)

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods are a powerful set of simulation-based techniques for sampling sequentially from a sequence of complex probability distributions. These methods rely on a combination of importance sampling and resampling techniques. In a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, block sampling strategies often perform much better than algorithms based on one-at-a-time sampling strategies if “good” proposal distributions to update blocks of variables can be designed. In an SMC framework, standard algorithms sequentially sample the variables one at a time whereas, like MCMC, the efficiency of algorithms could be improved significantly by using block sampling strategies. Unfortunately, a direct implementation of such strategies is impossible as it requires the knowledge of integrals which do not admit closed-form expressions. This article introduces a new methodology which by-passes this problem and is a natural extension of standard SMC methods. Applications to several sequential Bayesian inference problems demonstrate these methods.
Urinary trypsin inhibitor suppresses excessive superoxide anion radical generation in blood, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial injury in forebrain ischemia/reperfusion rats (2010)

UTI suppressed jugular venous O₂⁻· generation, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial activation in FBI/R rats. Therefore, UTI might be a useful agent for the therapy of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion pathophysiology.
[Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in cervix cancer and its significance]. (2005)

Up-regulation of hTERT may play an important role in the development of CIN and cervix cancer, hTERT could be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for cervix cancer.
Mechanism of a cobalt(III)-catalyzed olefin hydrosilation reaction: direct evidence for a silyl migration pathway (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of a cobalt(III)-catalyzed olefin hydrosilation reaction: direct evidence for a silyl migration pathwayM. Brookhart and B. E. GrantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6, 2151–2156Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00059a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00059a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1975Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Recent advances in nematic and smectic A anchoring on amorphous solid surfaces [1] (1993)

Abstract New anchoring properties of liquid crystals on amorphous solid surfaces are presented. In nematics (N), angular anchoring is usually described in terms of the Rapini-Papoular form, assuming constant surface order parameter. We generalize this expression, predicting a decrease of surface order for strong surface disorientation. Recent experiments on anchorings of varying strength confirm these predictions. Conjectures for the angular anchoring of smectic A on a solid amorphous surface explain the two easy layer orientations, normal to the surface or parallel, faceting inside a small critical angle. Roughness-induced surface transitions are discussed. For antagonistic nematic and smectic anchorings, we expect, below the N–SA transition, a bent nematic surface boundary layer, recently observed by smectization under an electric field. Finally, the positional anchoring strength of smectics is introduced in terms of shear induced surface melting, and confirmed by a recent observation of oscillating shear stresses at the layer period.
Arteriosclerosis in rat aortic allografts: early changes in endothelial integrity and smooth muscle phenotype. (2000)

These observations highlight the importance of early changes in endothelial integrity and smooth muscle phenotype in the development of allograft vascular disease and form the basis for a partly modified model of the cellular mechanisms in this process.
Studies on Ketene and Its Derivatives. LII. Reaction of Diketene with &alpha;(&beta;)-Aminonitrile (1972)

Reaction of diketene with α-aminonitrile and β-aminonitrile afforded their N-acetoacetate (VI, VII) in a good yield. VI was easily cyclized with triethylamine or sodium methoxide giving 3-acetyl-4-amino-3-pyrrolin-2-one (VIII), while treatment of VII with sodium methoxide gave 1-substituted 3-acetyl-4-amino-5, 6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridone (X) and 1-substituted 4-methyl-1, 2-5, 6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinonitrile (XI).
A Pilot Trial Using Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an NY-ESO-1–Reactive T-cell Receptor: Long-term Follow-up and Correlates with Response (2014)

The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells transduced with a retrovirus encoding a TCR against an HLA-A*0201 restricted NY-ESO-1 epitope can be an effective therapy for some patients bearing synovial cell sarcomas and melanomas that are refractory to other treatments.
Single-crystal aluminum nitride nanomechanical resonators (2001)

Aluminum nitride is a light, stiff, piezoelectrically active material that can be epitaxially grown on single-crystal Si. AlN is beginning to play a role in the integration of semiconducting electronic and surface acoustic wave devices, and may prove useful for the integration of other types of mechanical devices as well. We describe the growth and subsequent electron-beam patterning and etching of epitaxial AlN-on-silicon films into nanomechanical flexural resonators. We have measured resonators with fundamental mechanical resonance frequencies above 80 MHz, and quality factors in excess of 20 000.
Evolutionary‐based association analysis using haplotype data (2003)

Association studies, both family-based and population-based, can be powerful means of detecting disease-liability alleles. To increase the information of the test, various researchers have proposed targeting haplotypes. The larger number of haplotypes, however, relative to alleles at individual loci, could decrease power because of the additional degrees of freedom required for the test. An optimal strategy would focus the test on particular haplotypes or groups of haplotypes, much as is done with cladistic-based association analysis. First suggested by Templeton et al. ([1987] Genetics 117:343-351), such analyses use the evolutionary relationships among haplotypes to produce a limited set of hypothesis tests and to increase the interpretability of these tests. To more fully utilize the information contained in the evolutionary relationships among haplotypes and in the sample, we propose generalized linear models (GLM) for the analysis of data from family-based and population-based studies. These models fully account for haplotype phase ambiguity and allow for covariates. The models are encoded into a software package (the Evolutionary-Based Haplotype Analysis Package, EHAP), which also provides for various kinds of exploratory data analysis. The exploratory analyses, such as error checking, estimation of haplotype frequencies, and tools for building cladograms, should facilitate the implementation of cladistic-based association analysis with haplotypes.