gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Alone or Genetically-Modified with FGF2 Improve Type 2 Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model (2014)

The paracrine effect of USCs or USCs-FGF2 induced improvement of erectile function in type 2 diabetic rats by recruiting resident cells and increasing the endothelial expression and contents of smooth muscle.
DNA analysis and diagnostics on oligonucleotide microchips. (1996)

We present a further development in the technology of sequencing by hybridization to oligonucleotide microchips (SHOM) and its application to diagnostics for genetic diseases. A robot has been constructed to manufacture sequencing "microchips." The microchip is an array of oligonucleotides immobilized into gel elements fixed on a glass plate. Hybridization of the microchip with fluorescently labeled DNA was monitored in real time simultaneously for all microchip elements with a two-wavelength fluorescent microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device camera. SHOM has been used to detect beta-thalassemia mutations in patients by hybridizing PCR-amplified DNA with the microchips. A contiguous stacking hybridization technique has been applied for the detection of mutations; it can simplify medical diagnostics and enhance its reliability. The use of multicolor monitoring of contiguous stacking hybridization is suggested for large-scale diagnostics and gene polymorphism studies. Other applications of the SHOM technology are discussed.
Ultrasonic wireless communication in air using OFDM-OOK modulation (2014)

A short-range multi-channel airborne ultrasonic data communication system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is described in this paper. An on-off keying (OOK) based OFDM modulation scheme was implemented successfully in the system by using a pair of commercially available air-coupled capacitive ultrasonic transducers. 56 orthogonal channels with a channel spacing of 1 kHz were transmitted in parallel, achieving a data transfer rate of 56 kbps with ultrasonic wireless synchronization. A simulation model developed in the work was able to predict ultrasonic signals accurately through the air channel. System performance was characterised by bit error rate (BER) testing over different transmission ranges. Error free decoding was achieved at distances up to 3 m.
Widely tunable DS-DBR laser with monolithically integrated SOA: design and performance (2005)

We report recent device characterization results for a fully packaged widely tunable digital supermode (DS) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser which has been monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier. This new device gives all of the wide tunability and high side-mode suppression ratio performance previously reported for the DS-DBR laser with the added feature of output powers in excess of 14 dBm in fiber. In addition to output power and basic tuning behavior, we report on linewidth and relative intensity noise measurements for this device in order to investigate the noise characteristics of this laser.
Enzymatic Browning and Its Prevention (1995)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is important in the beneficial coloration of some of our foods, such as prunes, dark raisins and teas. However, in most cases, PPO is the most damaging of enzymes in color deterioration (browning) of plant foods, with resulting losses of up to 50% for tropical fruits and others. Preventing PPO activity in postharvest fruits and vegetables has enormous economic and quality benefits, but current prevention methods are not ideal. Through an understanding of the structure and mechanism of action of PPO, and the chemistry of enzymatic browning, better prevention methods can be used, including decrease in PPO biosynthesis in vivo by the antisense RNA method. PPO can be used commercially in the biosynthesis of L-DOPA for pharmaceutical uses and for production of other polymeric products. PPO is stable in water-immiscible organic solvents, facilitating specific oxidation reactions with waterinsoluble organic compounds. Melanins for use as sun blockers can be produced readily by PPO genetically engineered into Escherichia coli.
pH-responsive liquid marbles stabilized with poly(2-vinylpyridine) particles (2009)

Submicron-sized sterically-stabilized lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) latexes were synthesized by non-aqueous dispersion polymerization using a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer and used to prepare millimetre-sized ‘liquid marbles’. These ‘liquid marbles’ exhibited long-term stability when transferred onto the surface of liquid water provided that the solution pH was pH 4.9 or above. In contrast, the use of more acidic solutions (pH < 2.9) led to immediate ‘liquid marble’ disintegration and spontaneous dispersal of the poly(2-vinylpyridine) particles in their protonated microgel form. Moreover, the liquid marbles on the surface of water immediately disintegrated on addition of acid. Thus the critical minimum pH required for long-term ‘liquid marble’ stability correlates closely with the known pKa value of 4.7 for poly(2-vinylpyridine) chains.
Plasmon-Sampled Surface-Enhanced Raman Excitation Spectroscopy (2003)

This work presents the first systematic study of the surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) properties of nanosphere lithography (NSL) derived Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, it demonstrates the necessity of correlating nanoparticle structure and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopic data in order to effectively implement SERS on nanofabricated surfaces that have narrow (∼100 nm) LSPR line widths. Using nanoparticle substrates that are structurally well characterized by atomic force microscopy, the relationship between the LSPR extinction maximum (λmax) and the SERS enhancement factor (EF) is explored in detail using the innovative approach of plasmon-sampled surface-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy (PS-SERES). PS-SERES studies were performed as a function of excitation wavelength, molecular adsorbate, vibrational band, and molecule-localized resonance or nonresonance excitation. In each case, high S/N ratio spectra are achieved for samples with an LSPR λmax within a ∼120-nm window that encompasses both the excitation wavelength and the scattered wavelength. These results unambiguously demonstrate a systematic approach to the optimization of SER spectra on nanoparticle substrates with large interparticle spacings and consequently, weak or no electromagnetic coupling. In fact, this work demonstrates the largest SERS, EF > 1 × 108, and SERRS, EF > 7 × 109, enhancement factors measured to date on nanostructured substrates. The observation that EFSERRS/EFSERS ∼ 40 and ERRS/EFPre-RRS ∼ 40 in the Fe(bpy)32+ system illustrates that this adsorbate, with its molecule-localized electronic transition, does not damp the nanoparticle-localized LSPR and that the SERS and RRS effects are strictly multiplicative.
Identification of cis elements involved in Commelina yellow mottle virus promoter activity (1993)

Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects a monocot host. A promoter fragment isolated from CoYMV is a strong promoter when assayed after transient introduction into monocot and dicot suspension cells and is highly active in vascular cells of flowers, leaves, stems and roots of stably transformed tobacco plants. Here it is reported that in stably transformed maize calli and transgenic tobacco leaves the CoYMV and CaMV 35S promoters exhibit similar amounts of activity. Deletion of the sequences located distal to nucleotide -230 relative to the start of transcription has no significant effect on promoter strength or tissue specificity. The region between -230 and -200 shares sequence similarity with the as-1 promoter element of the CaMV 35S promoter. Deletion of this as-1-like motif decreases promoter activity in maize suspension cells by 85%. Analysis of deletions affecting the -200 to -52 region indicates that sequences located between -159 and -84 are required for activity in vascular tissues. In addition, this region exhibits properties of a vascular tissue-specific enhancer since it confers vascular expression in an orientation-independent manner when fused to promoters that are not normally active in vascular tissues.
STEROID RECEPTOR REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC GENES AND GENE NETWORKS (1985)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Flow Cytometry of Escherichia coli on Microfluidic Devices (2001)

Flow cytometry of the bacterium Escherichia coli was demonstrated on a microfabricated fluidic device (microchip). The channels were coated with poly(dimethylacrylamide) to prevent cell adhesion, and the cells were transported electrophoretically by applying potentials to the fluid reservoirs. The cells were electrophoretically focused at the channel cross and detected by coincident light scattering and fluorescence. The E. coli were labeled with a membrane-permeable nucleic acid stain (Syto15), a membrane-impermeable nucleic acid stain (propidium iodide), or a fluorescein-labeled antibody and counted at rates from 30 to 85 Hz. The observed labeling efficiencies for the dyes and antibody were greater than 94%.
Development of automated contact inspection system using in-line CD SEM (2002)

We have developed an automated contact inspection system using an in-line CD SEM and applied it to monitor contact etching processes. As the design rule shrinks, monitoring of the contact etching, which cannot be detected by the conventional optical inspection systems, are becoming one of the most critical issues in semiconductor processing. Though there are e-beam based inspection systems or manual inspection sequence with in-line SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), monitoring small and electrical defects has a few fundamental limitations. E-beam inspection systems have low throughput and a high price as a mass production tool. In the case of the manual inspection system, the inspection result depends on the operator and it is difficult to quantify the defect data. We have developed an automated contact inspection system to overcome these limitations. The system is composed of a data processing system and an in-line SEM. The automated in-line SEM inspects and stores the images of specified points on the wafer. The data processing system receives and manipulates the images to indicate the etching problem. It was shown that the scanning electron image of the contact is related to failures such as insufficient etching or residuals inside the contact.
Modulation of neurotransmitter action: control of the gamma- aminobutyric acid response through the benzodiazepine receptor (1985)

The ability of several homologous benzodiazepine and heterologous nonbenzodiazepine ligands to alter the conductance increase induced in spinal cord neurons by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined. Complete dose-response curves were carried out on individual neurons, reducing error introduced by cell-to-cell variability. The efficacies of modulation differ for "classical" benzodiazepines and novel nonbenzodiazepine drugs in a manner consistent with a model of control of GABA receptor action through a common receptor. There was no apparent correlation between efficacy and potency. CL 218,872, a triazolopyridazine, gave the lowest efficacy of the tranquilizers tested. Ro 15-1788 (an imidazobenzodiazepine) potentiated g GABA with high potency and low efficacy, consistent with an action as a partial agonist and an "antagonist" of classical benzodiazepine action. In order of increasing efficacy, Ro 15-1788, CL 218,872, and flurazepam are partial agonists, whereas clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flunitrazepam are full agonists. The beta-carboline drugs methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM) and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) are "anxiogenics" and convulsants that were found to exert through the benzodiazepine receptor-inhibitory and apparently insurmountable control of g GABA . beta-CCM and DMCM display large negative efficacies and act like effectors at a site distinct from the picrotoxin-sensitive chloride ionophore and coincident with the benzodiazepine site. The actions of these different benzodiazepine receptor ligands in vivo range from anxiolytic and anticonvulsant to anxiogenic and convulsant. Efficacy rather than potency almost certainly determines the qualitative nature of the pharmacological actions of these drugs.
Carboplatin plus Taxol is an Effective Third-line Regimen in Recurrent Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2002)

The combination has a good palliative role as third-line chemotherapy in recurrent undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer.
A Miniature Biofuel Cell Operating in A Physiological Buffer (2002)

A glucose-O2 biofuel cell, consisting only of two electrocatalyst coated 7-mum diameter, 2-cm long carbon fibers is reported. The cell operated continuously at 0.52 V at 37 degrees C in a physiological buffer solution for a week, producing 1.9 muW during the first and 1.0 muW during the last day, generating in the period 0.9 J of electrical energy while passing a charge of 1.7 C. If a similar dimension zinc fiber were utilized in a battery at 100% current efficiency, only 0.016 C would have been generated.
A STUDY OF VIRAL GENOMES AND ANTIGENS IN BRAINS OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (1987)

The presence of viral nucleic acid sequences and antigens from a variety of conventional viruses in selected brain regions of cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), diagnosed pathologically, was investigated using molecular hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. Seven DNA and 4 RNA viruses were used as probes in 18 AD and 5 control brains. With Southern blot hybridization, no viral DNA sequences could be detected in the cerebral cortex. With dot blot hybridization, results were also negative, except for 2 cases, 1 a control brain, the other an AD brain, which gave a positive signal in the RNA extracted from the substantia innominata when c-DNA from measles virus was used as a probe. Four specific brain areas from each of 8 AD brains and 5 controls tested with viral probes (3 DNA and 5 RNA viruses), using immunocytochemical techniques for viral antigens, showed no positive reproducible specific reactions. These results, although negative, do not totally exclude the possibility that conventional viruses may play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of AD.
Generation of heavy-chain-only antibodies in mice (2006)

We have generated transgenic mice containing hybrid llama/human antibody loci that contain two llama variable regions and the human D, J, and Cmu and/or Cgamma constant regions. Such loci rearrange productively and rescue B cell development efficiently without LC rearrangement. Heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAb) are expressed at high levels, provided that the CH1 domain is deleted from the constant regions. HCAb production does not require an IgM stage for effective pre-B cell signaling. Antigen-specific heavy-chain-only IgM or IgGs are produced upon immunization. The IgG is dimeric, whereas IgM is multimeric. The chimeric HCAb loci are subject to allelic exclusion, but several copies of the transgenic locus can be rearranged and expressed successfully on the same allele in the same cell. Such cells are not subject to negative selection. The mice produce a full antibody repertoire and provide a previously undescribed avenue to produce specific human HCAb in the future.
Application of heterojunction FET to power amplifierfor cellular telephone (1994)

The high power properties of heterojunction FETs (H-FET) have been investigated. The H-FETs are fabricated by using a strained AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs/AlGaAs selectively-doped double heterojunction structure. As compared with GaAs MESFETs, the H-FETs show 1.5 dB higher saturation power and 8% higher power-added efficiency than those of the MESFETs, at 950 MHz and 4.7 V. The H-FETs are more suitable for the power amplifier of cellular telephones.
Evaluating Nicotine Levels Selection and Patterns of Electronic Cigarette use in a Group of “Vapers” Who Had Achieved Complete Substitution of Smoking (2013)

Nicotine levels appear to play an important role in achieving and maintaining smoking cessation in the group of motivated subjects studied. High nicotine-containing liquids were used while few mild and temporary side effects were reported. Proposals about regulation should consider the pragmatic use patterns of ECs, especially in consumers who have completely substituted smoking.
The effect of thalidomide on experimental tumors and metastases (1996)

Thalidomide has recently been shown to antagonize basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal micropocket assay. We have investigated the effect of thalidomide on growth, radiosensitivity and metastasis in murine SCCVII and Lewis Lung tumors. We found that daily thalidomide administration (0.77 mmol/kg/day, i.p.) does not alter primary tumor growth of SCCVII or Lewis Lung tumors. However, thalidomide administration does reduce radiosensitivity of the Lewis Lung tumor, and increases its sensitivity to combined treatment with radiation and the bioreductive cytotoxin tirapazamine. These findings suggest that thalidomide is elevating tumor hypoxia in the Lewis Lung tumor, presumably via an anti-angiogenic mechanism. We also found that thalidomide administration reduces the incidence of lung metastases from primary Lewis Lung tumors. Thalidomide may therefore have utility in the management of solid tumors, especially when combined with drugs that are selectively toxic to cells at reduced oxygen tension (e.g. bioreductive cytotoxins).
Nitration: An Overview of Recent Developments and Processes (1996)

Although many chemists and chemical engineers consider nitration processes as mature, if not ancient, considerable new information has been obtained in the last 10-15 years that clarifies the chemistry and indicates methods to obtain previously unattainable or hard to attain nitration products. New and improved nitration processes have also been developed that minimize production costs and promise reduced safety hazards. Even more information pertaining to the nitrations can be expected in the near future.
Elevated Activity and Microglial Expression of Myeloperoxidase in Demyelinated Cerebral Cortex in Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

Recent studies have revealed extensive cortical demyelination in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelination in gray matter lesions is associated with activation of microglia. Macrophages and microglia are known to express myeloperoxidase (MPO) and generate reactive oxygen species during myelin phagocytosis in the white matter. In the present study we examined the extent of microglial activation in the cerebral cortex and the relationship of microglial activation and MPO activity to cortical demyelination. Twenty-one cases of neuropathologically confirmed multiple sclerosis, with 34 cortical lesions, were used to assess microglial activation. HLA-DR immunolabeling of activated microglia was significantly higher in demyelinated MS cortex than control cortex and, within the MS cohort, was significantly greater within cortical lesions than in matched non-demyelinated areas of cortex. In homogenates of MS cortex, cortical demyelination was associated with significantly elevated MPO activity. Immunohistochemistry revealed MPO in CD68-positive microglia within cortical plaques, particularly toward the edge of the plaques, but not in microglia in adjacent non-demyelinated cortex. Cortical demyelination in MS is associated with increased activity of MPO, which is expressed by a CD68-positive subset of activated microglia, suggesting that microglial production of reactive oxygen species is likely to be involved in cortical demyelination.
The DCX Superfamily 1: Common and Divergent Roles for Members of the Mouse DCX Superfamily (2006)

The doublecortin-like (DCX) domains serve as protein-interaction platforms. DCX tandem domains appear in the product of the X-linked doublecortin (DCX) gene, in retinitis pigmentosa-1 (RP1), as well as in other gene products. Mutations in the human DCX gene are associated with abnormal neuronal migration, epilepsy, and mental retardation; mutations in RP1 are associated with a form of inherited blindness, while DCDC2 has been associated with dyslectic reading disabilities. Motivated by the possible importance of this gene family, a thorough analysis to detect all family members in the mouse was conducted. The DCX-repeat gene superfamily is composed of eleven paralogs, and we cloned the DCX domains from nine different genes. Our study questioned which functions attributed to the DCX domain, are conserved among the different members. Our results suggest that the proteins with the DCX-domain have conserved and unique roles in microtubule regulation and signal transduction. All the tested proteins stimulated microtubule assembly in vitro. Proteins with tandem repeats stabilized the microtubule cytoskeleton in transfected cells, while those with single repeats localized to actin-rich subcellular structures, or the nucleus. All tested proteins interacted with components of the JNK/MAP-kinase pathway, while only a subset interacted with Neurabin 2, and a nonoverlapping group demonstrated actin association. The sub-specialization of some members due to confined intracellular localization, and protein interactions may explain the success of this superfamily.
Nd: YAG laser–welded canine arteriovenous anastomoses (1994)

This preliminary report describes formation of femoral arterio-venous fistulas (n = 10) in six dogs using a 1.32-microns wavelength Nd:YAG laser welding technique. Stay sutures (6-0 polypropylene) were placed at 5-7 mm intervals along the anastomoses for vessel apposition. Delivery of laser energy through a 400-microns diameter fiber optic was controlled by a new computer-based software system. At 3 mm distance above the anastomosis, energy fluences of 110-260 J/mm2/cm length of anastomosis were used for laser welding. One or two additional hemostatic sutures were required in seven of the ten anastomoses. Flow was maintained for 1-2 hours prior to tissue harvesting. No thrombosis or delayed anastomotic failures were observed after initial welding and repair. Histologic examination revealed good apposition and adherence between wall layers and a fibrinous coagulum at the intimal junctions. Mild thermal injury of the wall was present at some anastomoses. This early investigation suggests that a 1.32 microns Nd:YAG laser welding technique can successfully create large vessel arteriovenous fistulas in the canine.
Diastereomerically-Specific Zirconium Complexes of Chiral Salan Ligands:  Isospecific Polymerization of 1-Hexene and 4-Methyl-1-pentene and Cyclopolymerization of 1,5-Hexadiene (2006)

Chiral Salan ligands were found to wrap in a highly diastereoselective manner around zirconium leading to C2-symmetric complexes of predetermined chirality at the metal. These complexes led to active polymerization of higher olefins, their activity and isospecific induction depending on the nature of the phenolate substituents.
Helicobacter pyloriColonization Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma (2008)

This study is the first to report an inverse association between H. pylori seropositivity and asthma in children. The findings indicate new directions for research and asthma prevention.
Use of the Hough transformation to detect lines and curves in pictures (1972)

Hough has proposed an interesting and computationally efficient procedure for detecting lines in pictures. This paper points out that the use of angle-radius rather than slope-intercept parameters simplifies the computation further. It also shows how the method can be used for more general curve fitting, and gives alternative interpretations that explain the source of its efficiency.