gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligonucleotide dendrimers: stable nano-structures (1999)

DNA dendrimers with two, three, six, nine or 27 arms were reassociated as complementary pairs in solution or with an array of complementary oligonucleotides on a solid support. In all cases, duplex stabilities were greater than those of unbranched molecules of equal length. A theoretical treatment for the process of dissociation of dendrimers explains the major properties of the complexes. The favourable features of DNA dendrimers-their enhanced stability and the simple predictability of their association behaviour-makes them promising as building blocks for the 'bottom up' approach to nano-assembly. These features also suggest applications in oligonucleotide array/DNA chip technology when higher hybridisation temperatures are required, for example, to melt secon-dary structure in the target.
Complex-Induced Proximity Effects: Evidence for a Prelithiation Complex and a Rate-Determining Deprotonation in the Asymmetric Lithiation of Boc-Pyrrolidine by an i-PrLi/(-)-Sparteine Complex (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplex-Induced Proximity Effects: Evidence for a Prelithiation Complex and a Rate-Determining Deprotonation in the Asymmetric Lithiation of Boc-Pyrrolidine by an i-PrLi/(-)-Sparteine ComplexDonald J. Gallagher and Peter BeakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 22, 7092–7093Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00127a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00127a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views661Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inter-observer agreement on apnoea hypopnoea index using portable monitoring of respiratory parameters (2007)

Among observers who used PM in a clinical setting, agreement on AHI was limited. When automated and individual visual analyses were compared, the systematic bias varied from almost zero to values sufficient to affect clinical diagnosis. Much of the discordance was due to different counts of hypopnoea, whereas agreement on apnoea and desaturation index was better. Efforts should be directed towards standardisation of visual analysis, improvement and quality control of ambulatory sleep studies.
Modulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis by proteins of extracellular matrix. (1991)

The formation of new vessels is a known event in enlarging tumors. Furthermore, the metastatic potential is abrogated or reduced markedly in the absence of neovascularization. Shedding of tumor cells into the circulation is not observed until vascularization has occurred. As a result, the interruption of neovascularization could be a good target for cancer control. This research was an attempt to see if two proteins present in extracellular matrix, collagen and fibronectin (FN), could modify the tumor-induced angiogenesis. The strong angiogenic response induced by S13 tumor cells in the skin of BALB/c mice was blocked by treatment with FN and FN-derived peptides. In contrast, collagen did not modify tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Foveated observation of shape and motion (2004)

Robotic navigation and interaction frequently require that the shape and motion of external objects and events be observed. Many interesting events occur at mixed scales. Subtle localized shape and motion often occurs together with long-range movements. One of the chief challenges in recovering these events is to obtain high resolution imagery suitable for resolving small details, while simultaneously increasing the working volume in which recovery is possible. This paper proposes architecture for mixed scale motion recovery. The robust coverage of a large working volume is provided by a wide area of tracking system. This system localizes interesting motions, and guides a separate foveated system of pan tilt cameras to observe the detailed event at high resolution. We demonstrate two applications, foveated structured light scanning and the capture of muscle deformation while walking. Both applications allow subtle detailed recovery that would not be possible using existing single scale systems.
Specificity of Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase and modulation of activity by divalent metal ion binding and substitution (1993)

Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase is a calcium-activated zinc metalloenzyme characterized by a high enzymic reactivity, high thermal stability and low molecular mass [Spungin, A. and Blumberg, S. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 183, 471-477]. A study of the specificity of S. griseus aminopeptidase using amino acid 4-nitroanilide substrates shows that the leucine derivative is the best substrate. Derivatives of other hydrophobic amino acids, methionine and phenylalanine, are also excellent substrates for the enzyme. The 4-nitroanilides of alanine, valine, proline and lysine are good substrates whereas those of the small size glycine and the acidic amino acids are very poor. No hydrolysis of a terminal Xaa residue can be detected with Xaa-proline N-terminal sequences. Calcium ions bind to the enzyme and modulate its activity in a substrate-dependent manner. The catalytically essential zinc of S. griseus aminopeptidase is removed by dialysis against 1,10-phenanthroline and replaced by manganese or cobalt ions, resulting in enzyme derivatives of altered specificities. Thus, whereas the zinc enzyme hydrolyzes leucine 4-nitroanilide at a 10-fold faster rate than the manganese or cobalt enzymes, the cobalt enzyme hydrolyzes alanine 4-nitroanilide at a more than 20-fold faster rate than the zinc or manganese enzymes.
Development of an ER Action Indicator Mouse for the Study of Estrogens, Selective ER Modulators (SERMs), and Xenobiotics (2001)

We have developed a transgenic mouse that functions as a reporter of ER activity, termed ER action indicator (ERIN), by incorporating a transgene with an estrogen-responsive promoter (three copies of the vitellogenin estrogen response element with a minimal thymidine kinase promoter) linked to the reporter gene beta-galactosidase. Evaluation of ER activity in female ERIN mice demonstrated estrogen-inducible expression of the reporter gene in the uterus, pituitary, and hypothalamus; established targets of estrogen action. Importantly, we also identified ER activity in a number of nonclassical estrogen target tissues, including kidney, liver, adrenal, and thyroid gland. ERIN provides a system to measure the same end point (transgene regulation) in different target tissues, permitting separation of the contributions of cell- and promoter-specific factors in determining ER pharmacology. In this regard we observed that on this specific promoter the pituitary gland was 25-fold more sensitive than the uterus to the estrogen diethylstilbestrol, implying the existence of cell-specific factors that influence ligand sensitivity. Our studies also identified considerable difference in the efficacy and potency of ER ligands in the uterus when ER transcriptional activity was assayed vs. uterine weight gain. Specifically, we observed that the environmental estrogen bisphenol A was a potent agonist in stimulating ER transcriptional activity, whereas it exhibited little uterotropic activity. In contrast to bisphenol A, tamoxifen significantly increased uterine weight, but minimally induced ER reporter activity in this tissue. Given the results of these studies, we believe that ERIN will be a useful model to evaluate ER ligand pharmacology and will assist in defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine agonist and antagonist activity.
Spatial Audio Coding: Next-generation efficient and compatible coding of multi-channel audio (2005)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&amp;apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by sending request
Catalytically Induced Electrokinetics for Motors and Micropumps (2006)

We have explored the role of electrokinetics in the spontaneous motion of platinum-gold nanorods suspended in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions that may arise from the bimetallic electrochemical decomposition of H2O2. The electrochemical decomposition pathway was confirmed by measuring the steady-state short-circuit current between platinum and gold interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs) in the presence of H2O2. The resulting ion flux from platinum to gold implies an electric field in the surrounding solution that can be estimated from Ohm's Law. This catalytically generated electric field could in principle bring about electrokinetic effects that scale with the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. Accordingly, we observed a linear relationship between bimetallic rod speed and the resistivity of the bulk solution. Previous observations relating a decrease in speed to an increase in ethanol concentration can be explained in terms of a decrease in current density caused by the presence of ethanol. Furthermore, we found that the catalytically generated electric field in the solution near a Pt/Au IME in the presence of H2O2 is capable of inducing electroosmotic fluid flow that can be switched on and off externally. We demonstrate that the velocity of the fluid flow in the plane of the IME is a function of the electric field, whether catalytically generated or applied from an external current source. Our findings indicate that the motion of PtAu nanorods in H2O2 is primarily due to a catalytically induced electrokinetic phenomenon and that other mechanisms, such as those related to interfacial tension gradients, play at best a minor role.
[Defect of TCR-mediated signal pathway of T cells in IDDM patients]. (2004)

Unresponsiveness of the T cells from IDDM patients to anti-TCR antibody may result from a defect in the signaling pathway, the CD28 co-stimulation-signaling pathway is normal. Defect in the TCR signaling pathway increases the sensitivity of T cells from IDDM patients to apoptosis or anergy.
Recognition of D defects in silicon single crystals by preferential etching and effect on gate oxide integrity (1992)

A method for revealing point defects in silicon single crystals has been investigated. D or A defects could be revealed by a preferential etching technique using Secco's etchant. Wedge-shaped flow patterns and etch pits were recognised in the D and A regions, respectively. The flow patterns were so characteristic that the D region could be distinguished very easily.
Production of TNF- alpha and TNF- beta by staphylococcal enterotoxin A activated human T cells. (1990)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin at concentrations of less than 1 pg/ml induces significant TNF activity in human peripheral blood T cells and monocytes. Maximal TNF activity is routinely detected after 48 to 72 h of culture. IL-2 and IL-4 were both growth promoting for human T cells but only IL-2 could efficiently induce TNF production. The production of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta differed greatly in kinetics. An early intracytoplasmatic production of TNF-alpha after 6 h was detected in both monocytes and T cells whereas a late production of TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) after 48 h, occurred in the T cell population. Induction of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta production by Staphylococcal enterotoxin requires the presence of both monocytes and T cells. The CD4+45R- but not CD4+45R+ and CD8+ cells supported TNF-alpha production in monocytes. The main lytic component from Staphylococcal enterotoxin-activated mononuclear cells is TNF-beta. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced about equal amounts of biologically active TNF into the culture supernatants but a fourfold higher frequency of TNF-beta producing cells was demonstrated among CD4+ vs CD8+ cells. The CD4+45R- T cell subset was an efficient producer of TNF-beta and IFN-gamma whereas the CD4+45R+ T cell subset produced significant amounts of TNF-beta but only marginal amounts of IFN-gamma.
Apolipoprotein B and a second major gene locus contribute to phenotypic variation of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia in pigs. (1994)

The Lpb5 apolipoprotein B (apoB) allele occurs in pigs with spontaneous hypercholesterolemia. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from these pigs binds to the LDL receptor with a lower affinity and is cleared from the circulation more slowly than control pig LDL. However, the severity of hypercholesterolemia in pigs with the mutant apoB allele is highly variable. This study aimed to determine the metabolic basis for the phenotypic heterogeneity among Lpb5 pigs. Lpb5 pigs were divided into two groups: those with plasma cholesterol greater than 180 mg/dL (Lpb5.1) and those with plasma cholesterol less than 180 mg/dL (Lpb5.2). LDL from both Lpb5.1 and Lpb5.2 pigs was catabolized in vivo and in vitro at a similarly reduced rate. The difference in plasma cholesterol between the two phenotypic groups was in part due to a higher buoyant LDL production rate in Lpb5.1 pigs than in Lpb5.2 pigs. The in vivo LDL receptor status was evaluated by measuring the catabolism of LDL chemically modified to abrogate LDL receptor binding. Approximately 50% of LDL clearance in normal and Lpb5.2 pigs was via the LDL receptor; in Lpb5.1 pigs, 100% of LDL clearance was LDL receptor independent. Quantitative pedigree analysis of the segregation of the plasma cholesterol phenotype suggested that two major gene loci (the apoB locus and a second apparently unlinked locus) contribute to the determination of plasma cholesterol levels in this pig population.
Hypersensitivity to aloe (1980)

• Hypersensitivity, manifested by generalized nummular eczematous and papular dermatitis, and presumably by contact urticaria, developed in a 47-year-old man after four years of using oral and topical aloe. Patch tests for aloe were positive in this patient. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>116:1064-1065, 1980)
Design and characterization of a CMOS 3-D image sensor based on single photon avalanche diodes (2005)

The design and characterization of an imaging system is presented for depth information capture of arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) objects. The core of the system is an array of 32 /spl times/ 32 rangefinding pixels that independently measure the time-of-flight of a ray of light as it is reflected back from the objects in a scene. A single cone of pulsed laser light illuminates the scene, thus no complex mechanical scanning or expensive optical equipment are needed. Millimetric depth accuracies can be reached thanks to the rangefinder's optical detectors that enable picosecond time discrimination. The detectors, based on a single photon avalanche diode operating in Geiger mode, utilize avalanche multiplication to enhance light detection. On-pixel high-speed electrical amplification can therefore be eliminated, thus greatly simplifying the array and potentially reducing its power dissipation. Optical power requirements on the light source can also be significantly relaxed, due to the array's sensitivity to single photon events. A number of standard performance measurements, conducted on the imager, are discussed in the paper. The 3-D imaging system was also tested on real 3-D subjects, including human facial models, demonstrating the suitability of the approach.
The VP1 Unique Region of Parvovirus B19 and Its Constituent Phospholipase A2-Like Activity (2002)

Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum. In addition, parvovirus B19 infection may be associated with other disease manifestations, namely, thrombocytopenia or granulocytopenia, spontaneous abortion or hydrops fetalis in pregnant women, acute and chronic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on sequence homology data, a phospholipase A2 motif has been identified in the VP1 unique region of parvovirus B19. (Y. Li et al., J. Gen. Virol. 82:2821-2825, 2001; Z. Zadori et al., Dev. Cell 1:291-302, 2001). We have established a new in vitro assay based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy to show that phospholipase A2 activity is present in the VP1 unique region produced in Escherichia coli and in virus-like particles consisting of combinations of VP1 and VP2 proteins expressed by recombinant baculovirus. The enzyme activity of the VP1 unique region showed typical Ca(2+) dependency and could be inhibited by manoalide and 4-bromophenacylbromide, which bind covalently to lysine and histidine residues, respectively, as part of the active center of the enzyme. By using subfragments, we demonstrated an association between the phospholipase A2-like activity and the carboxy-terminal domain of the VP1 unique region.
Infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or injection of anti-IgD antibodies markedly enhances Fc-receptor-mediated interleukin 4 production by non-B, non-T cells. (1990)

Non-B, non-T cells from spleen and bone marrow of naive mice produce IL-4 upon stimulation by plate-bound IgE or IgG2a in the presence of IL-3. Infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) or injection of anti-IgD antibodies, treatments known to cause striking polyclonal IgE responses, increase the number of splenic non-B, non-T cells and cause 10-30-fold increase in IL-4 production by a standard number of these cells. In Nb-infected mice, IL-4 producing non-B, non-T cells can be found in the lungs, a site through which Nb larvae migrate. Non-B, non-T cells from anti-IgD-injected mice produce IL-4 in response to anti-IgE antibodies, indicating that these cells have been sensitized in vivo with IgE and that crosslinkage of such IgE can lead to stimulation of lymphokine production. Similarly, non-B, non-T cells from Nb-infected mice produce IL-4 upon stimulation with Nb-antigen, indicating that antigen can also crosslink receptors on in vivo sensitized non-B, non-T cells and stimulate lymphokine production. The striking increases in the IL-4-producing capacity of the splenic non-B, non-T cell population in anti-IgD-injected and Nb-infected mice and the in vivo sensitization of these cells strongly suggests that they may have an important role in lymphokine production in helminthic infections and other situations marked by striking elevations of serum IgE levels.
DMFCs: From Fundamental Aspects to Technology Development (2001)

This review paper describes recent developments in both the fundamental and technological aspects of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Most previous studies in this field have dealt with fundamental aspects, whereas in recent years, the technology of these devices has become the object of significant interest. This is mainly due to the fact that a probable application of DMFCs in portable power sources and in hybrid electrical vehicles has only recently been envisaged. The section on fundamentals is particularly focused on the electrocatalysis of the methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen electroreduction. In this regard, particular relevance is given to the interpretation of the promoting effect on Pt of additional elements and some aspects of the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction in the presence of methanol crossover have been treated. The technology section deals with the development of both components and devices. Particular emphasis is given to the development of high surface area electrocatalysts and alternative electrolyte membranes to Nafion, also the fabrication methodologies for the M&E assembly have been discussed. The last part of the paper describes the recent efforts in developing DMFC stacks for both portable and electro-traction applications. The current status of the technology in this field is presented and some important technical and economical challenges are been discussed.
The Complete Stereochemistry of the Enzymatic Dehydration of 4‐Hydroxybutyryl Coenzyme A to Crotonyl Coenzyme A (2008)

The stereospecific action of the microbial enzyme 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase on the three prochiral centers of its substrate 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA can now be described as anti elimination of the 2Re and 3Si hydrogen atoms with retention of configuration during the substitution of the hydroxy group by a hydrogen atom. The results confirm the relationship of the dehydratase to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and the view that the Fe4S4 cluster acts as a Lewis acid.
The State of the Art in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOxby Ammonia Using Metal‐Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts (2008)

An overview is given of the selective catalytic reduction of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; by ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;‐SCR) over metal‐exchanged zeolites. The review gives a comprehensive overview of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;‐SCR chemistry, including undesired side‐reactions and aspects of the reaction mechanism over zeolites and the active sites involved. The review attempts to correlate catalyst activity and stability with the preparation method, the exchange metal, the exchange degree, and the zeolite topology. A comparison of Fe‐ZSM‐5 catalysts prepared by different methods and research groups shows that the preparation method is not a decisive factor in determining catalytic activity. It seems that decreased turnover frequency (TOF) is an oft‐neglected effect of increasing Fe content, and this oversight may have led to the mistaken conclusion that certain production methods produce highly active catalysts. The available data indicate that both isolated and bridged iron species participate in the NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;‐SCR reaction over Fe‐ZSM‐5, with isolated species being the most active.
Manipulation and Imaging of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with an Atomic Force Microscope (2000)

The tip of an atomic force microscope is used to create carbon nanotube junctions by changing the position and shape of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on a SiO2 surface. With this manipulation technique, we are able to bend, buckle, cross (see Figure), and break nanotubes, and to unravel a nanotube “crop circle” into a single tube. Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy measurements of the height of a carbon nanotube on the surface always yield values smaller than the nanotube diameter. Variation of the scan parameters shows that this is due to a tapping deformation by the tip. The tapping deformation of manipulated nanotube crossings and buckles is discussed as well.
Phase II Study of Fenretinide (NSC 374551) in Adults With Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: A North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study (2004)

Fenretinide was inactive against recurrent malignant gliomas at the dosage used in this trial. However, additional studies using higher doses of the agent are warranted based on the tolerability of the agent and the potential for activity of a higher fenretinide dosage, as suggested in this trial.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Early Recurrent Ischemic Events in Acute Coronary Syndromes<SUBTITLE>The MIRACL Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2001)

For patients with acute coronary syndrome, lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, reduces recurrent ischemic events in the first 16 weeks, mostly recurrent symptomatic ischemia requiring rehospitalization.