gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic stoichiometric equilibrium constants for the binding of zinc(II) and copper(II) to the high affinity site of serum albumin. (1993)

Intrinsic stoichiometric equilibrium constants were determined for zinc(II) and copper(II) binding to bovine and human serum albumin. Data were obtained from equilibrium dialysis experiments. Metals were presented to apoprotein as metal chelates in order to avoid metal hydrolysis and to minimize nonspecific metal-protein interactions. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that the high affinity class for both zinc and copper was comprised of one site. Results of binding experiments done at several pH values suggested that while both histidyl and carboxyl groups appear to be involved in copper binding, histidyl residues alone were sufficient for zinc binding. These amino acid residues were used in combination to model several binding sites used in the formulation of equilibria expressions from which stoichiometric constants were calculated. The log10K for bovine serum albumin were calculated to be 7.28 for Zn(II) and 11.12 for Cu(II). Those for human serum albumin were determined to be 7.53 and 11.18 for Zn(II) and Cu(II), respectively. These constants were used in equilibria to simulate speciation of metal-albumin and metal-chelator and to illustrate relative binding affinities. This comparison of binding strengths was possible only through the calculation of an intrinsic stoichiometric binding constant.
Mouse β6 Integrin Sequence, Pattern of Expression, and Role in Kidney Development (2000)

Integrins mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and play key roles in development. beta(6) integrin expression has been demonstrated in human fetal kidney at a higher level than in the adult, making beta(6) integrin a marker of interest for the study of development of the nephron. The aims of this study were to determine the cDNA sequence for the mouse beta(6) integrin and to characterize beta(6) integrin expression in the developing mouse kidney. Two embryonic mouse kidney cDNA libraries were screened, and the coding region was sequenced. The mouse beta(6) nucleotide coding region sequence shows 82% nucleotide identity to the human sequence. The putative amino acid sequence has 89.5% identity to human beta(6) integrin and contains many conserved domains. By reverse transcription-PCR, beta(6) integrin mRNA expression is very low at 11 d of gestation in the mouse, increases dramatically by E14 and E17 (20-fold, normalized for increases in ss actin), and plateaus by 2 wk of age. beta(6) integrin expression is induced 15- to 20-fold after 5 d in metanephric explant culture. Reverse transcription-PCR of adult rat microdissected nephron segments demonstrates ss(6) integrin mRNA expression in proximal tubule, cortical thick ascending limb, distal nephron segments (inner and outer medullary collecting ducts), and macula densa-containing segments. Lectin-peroxidase and in situ colocalization studies demonstrated expression of ss(6) integrin mRNA in developing proximal tubules and thick ascending limb. Culture of mouse metanephric kidneys with antisense oligonucleotides to beta(6) integrin resulted in inhibition of ureteric bud branching and complete lack of mesenchyme condensation. These studies demonstrate a high homology between the human and mouse beta(6) integrin sequence, a different pattern of expression in the developing mouse kidney compared with the primate kidney, and abnormal metanephric development in culture in the absence of beta(6) integrin. These findings suggest an important role for beta(6) integrin in normal development of the mouse kidney.
Antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in vitro (1983)

Fosfomycin is a new bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic. In this study the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) was determined for 745 recent clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis, group A and B streptococci Streptococcus faecalis and pneumoniae as well as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influenzae were very sensitive to the new drug with essentially all strains inhibited at 64 mg/l or less. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, indole-positive proteus and Pseudomonas-aeruginosa were less sensitive with 96, 42, 66 and 58% inhibited at 64 mg/l of fosfomycin. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant.
μOrgano: A Lego®-Like Plug & Play System for Modular Multi-Organ-Chips (2015)

Human organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening have evolved as feasible alternatives to animal models, which are unreliable, expensive, and at times erroneous. While chips featuring single organs can be of great use for both pharmaceutical testing and basic organ-level studies, the huge potential of the organ-on-a-chip technology is revealed by connecting multiple organs on one chip to create a single integrated system for sophisticated fundamental biological studies and devising therapies for disease. Furthermore, since most organ-on-a-chip systems require special protocols with organ-specific media for the differentiation and maturation of the tissues, multi-organ systems will need to be temporally customizable and flexible in terms of the time point of connection of the individual organ units. We present a customizable Lego®-like plug & play system, μOrgano, which enables initial individual culture of single organ-on-a-chip systems and subsequent connection to create integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems. As a proof of concept, the μOrgano system was used to connect multiple heart chips in series with excellent cell viability and spontaneously physiological beat rates.
Mutant Cells That Do Not Respond to Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Reveal a Novel Role for IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (1999)

Mutagenized human 293 cells containing an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-regulated herpes thymidine kinase gene, selected in IL-1 and gancyclovir, have yielded many independent clones that are unresponsive to IL-1. The four clones analyzed here carry recessive mutations and represent three complementation groups. Mutant A in complementation group I1 lacks IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), while the mutants in the other two groups are defective in unknown components that function upstream of IRAK. Expression of exogenous IRAK in I1A cells (I1A-IRAK) restores their responsiveness to IL-1. Neither NFkappaB nor Jun kinase is activated in IL-1-treated I1A cells, but these responses are restored in I1A-IRAK cells, indicating that IRAK is required for both. To address the role of the kinase activity of IRAK in IL-1 signaling, its ATP binding site was mutated (K239A), completely abolishing kinase activity. In transfected I1A cells, IRAK-K239A was still phosphorylated upon IL-1 stimulation and, surprisingly, still complemented all the defects in the mutant cells. Therefore, IRAK must be phosphorylated by a different kinase, and phospho-IRAK must play a role in IL-1-mediated signaling that does not require its kinase activity.
A New State-of-the-Art Keyless Entry System (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new keyless entry system, for automotive security and comfort applications, has been developed. The system utilises a single chip transponder for vehicle immobilisation, keyless entry and remote control functionality. The transponder system can be embedded into a key fob or an ISO smart card. System security and communication speed is provided by an advanced anti-collision protocol in combination with sophisticated challenge response and uni-directional protocols. The system can be activated by using either a push-button transponder, where long range access to the vehicle is provided, or by touching an actuator near the door or trunk. Due to the inductive coupling between the transponder and the vehicle mounted antennas, the vehicle door or trunk opens on successful verification as if there were no locks. Additionally, inside the vehicle, the transponder can be used as an immobiliser.&lt;/div&gt;
A new determinant of glucocorticoid sensitivity in lymphoid cell lines. (1983)

The SAK cell line, derived from a spontaneous thymic lymphoma in an AKR mouse, is resistant to lysis by glucocorticoids in spite of the presence of functional glucocorticoid receptor. Receptor function was determined by hormone binding analyses, as well as characterization of hormonal effects on cell growth and on the accumulation of murine leukemia virus and metallothionein mRNAs. SAK cells were fused with a receptor-defective (and therefore resistant) variant of a well-characterized murine thymoma line, W7. The resulting hybrids are glucocorticoid sensitive, demonstrating complementation of the receptor defect in W7 cells by the functional glucocorticoid receptor of SAK. This fusion shows that SAK cells are resistant to the hormone due to the absence of another function designated "I" for lysis. SAK cells were also fused with glucocorticoid-sensitive W7 cells (containing wild-type receptor), generating glucocorticoid-sensitive hybrids, which demonstrate that the dexamethasone-resistant phenotype of the SAK cells is recessive. Resistant derivatives of this hybrid were found which still contain the full amount of receptor. Chromosome analysis revealed that, on the average, the resistant derivatives had lost two chromosomes, suggesting segregation of chromosomes carrying genetic material necessary for the "lysis" function. The drug 5-azacytidine (a known inhibitor of DNA methylation) has been shown to cause heritable changes in gene expression. Treatment of SAK cells with 5-azacytidine generated glucocorticoid-sensitive clones at high frequency, suggesting that the gene(s) involved in the "lysis" function are intact and have been inactivated through a process such as differentiation.
Improvement in Castleman's disease by humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy (2000)

Castleman's disease, an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, can be classified into 2 types: hyaline-vascular and plasma cell types according to the histologic features of the affected lymph nodes. The plasma cell type is frequently associated with systemic manifestations and is often refractory to systemic therapy including corticosteroids and chemotherapy, particularly in multicentric form. Dysregulated overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from affected lymph nodes is thought to be responsible for the systemic manifestations of this disease. Therefore, interference with IL-6 signal transduction may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for this disease. We used humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (rhPM-1) to treat 7 patients with multicentric plasma cell or mixed type Castleman's disease. All patients had systemic manifestations including secondary amyloidosis in 3. With the approval of our institution's ethics committee and the consent of the patients, they were treated with 50 to 100 mg rhPM-1 either once or twice weekly. Immediately after administration of rhPM-1, fever and fatigue disappeared, and anemia as well as serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and albumin started to improve. After 3 months of treatment, hypergammaglobulinemia and lymphadenopathy were remarkably alleviated, as were renal function abnormalities in patients with amyloidosis. Treatment was well tolerated with only transient leukopenia. Histopathologic examination revealed reduced follicular hyperplasia and vascularity after rhPM-1 treatment. The pathophysiologic significance of IL-6 in Castleman's disease was thus confirmed, and blockade of the IL-6 signal by rhPM-1 is thought to have potential as a new therapy based on the pathophysiologic mechanism of multicentric Castleman's disease. (Blood. 2000;95:56-61)
Characterization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase from Acanthamoeba castellanii. (1992)

The kinetic properties of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) partially purified from the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii have been studied. The transferase phosphorylated the lysosomal enzymes uteroferrin and cathepsin D 3-90-fold better than nonlysosomal glycoproteins and 16-83-fold better than a Man9GlcNAc oligosaccharide. Deglycosylated uteroferrin was a potent competitive inhibitor of the phosphorylation of intact uteroferrin (Ki of 48 microM) but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of RNase B or the simple sugar alpha-methylmannoside. Deglycosylated RNase (RNase A) did not inhibit the phosphorylation of RNase B or uteroferrin. These results indicate that purified amoeba GlcNAc-phosphotransferase recognizes a protein domain present on lysosomal enzymes but absent in most nonlysosomal glycoproteins. The transferase also exhibited a marked preference for oligosaccharides containing mannose alpha 1,2-mannose sequences, but this cannot account for the high affinity binding to lysosomal enzymes. A. castellanii extracts do not contain detectable levels of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, the second enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker. We conclude that A. castellanii does not utilize the phosphomannosyl sorting pathway despite expression of very high levels of GlcNAc-phosphotransferase.
Repair of flexor tendon defects of rabbit with tissue engineering method. (2002)

HA-ECM is the excellent carrier for fibroblasts. Fibroblasts-HA-ECM complex has the capability to repair tendon defect and to tendonize with rapid rate and good performance three months after operation. Its tensile strength is 81.8% of that of normal tendon.
In vitro anti‐HSV‐2 activity and mechanism of action of proanthocyanidin A‐1 from Vaccinium vitis‐idaea (2004)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti‐HSV‐2 activity and mechanism of action of proanthocyanidin A‐1, a compound isolated from Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Linn (Ericaceae). The results demonstrated that proanthocyanidin A‐1 exhibited anti‐HSV‐2 activity. The IC 50 value for the XTT assay was 73.3 ± 14.5 µ M and the IC 50 and IC 90 values for the plaque reduction assay were 41.9 ± 2.0 and 62.8 ± 6.3 µ M respectively. Proanthocyanidin A‐1 showed no cell cytotoxic effect at concentrations that blocked HSV‐2 infection, with a CC 50 value of 282.1 ± 27.5 µ M . The mechanism studies demonstrated that proanthocyanidin A‐1 did not reduce viral infectivity but inhibited viral attachment and penetration and affected the late stage(s) of HSV‐2 infection. It was concluded that proanthocyanidin A‐1 suppressed HSV‐2 infection through many modes of action and thus merits further investigation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Causal interactions between fronto-parietal central executive and default-mode networks in humans (2013)

Information processing during human cognitive and emotional operations is thought to involve the dynamic interplay of several large-scale neural networks, including the fronto-parietal central executive network (CEN), cingulo-opercular salience network (SN), and the medial prefrontal-medial parietal default mode networks (DMN). It has been theorized that there is a causal neural mechanism by which the CEN/SN negatively regulate the DMN. Support for this idea has come from correlational neuroimaging studies; however, direct evidence for this neural mechanism is lacking. Here we undertook a direct test of this mechanism by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with functional MRI to causally excite or inhibit TMS-accessible prefrontal nodes within the CEN or SN and determine consequent effects on the DMN. Single-pulse excitatory stimulations delivered to only the CEN node induced negative DMN connectivity with the CEN and SN, consistent with the CEN/SN's hypothesized negative regulation of the DMN. Conversely, low-frequency inhibitory repetitive TMS to the CEN node resulted in a shift of DMN signal from its normally low-frequency range to a higher frequency, suggesting disinhibition of DMN activity. Moreover, the CEN node exhibited this causal regulatory relationship primarily with the medial prefrontal portion of the DMN. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the causal mechanisms by which major brain networks normally coordinate information processing. Given that poorly regulated information processing is a hallmark of most neuropsychiatric disorders, these findings provide a foundation for ways to study network dysregulation and develop brain stimulation treatments for these disorders.
<title>Defining, measuring, and optimizing laser beam quality</title> (1993)

This paper will review a very general and useful formalism that has recently been developed for defining the transverse beam quality as well as other propagation parameters of arbitrary real laser beams. We also describe a convenient new instrument for measuring the propagation parameters of high-power laser beams, and summarize some results of beam quality measurements on various types of laser devices.
Dendritic cells efficiently immunoselect mycobacterial-reactive T cells in human blood, including clonable antigen-reactive precursors. (1992)

Given the persistence of tuberculosis throughout the world, the delineation of mechanisms that lead to protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important. We have evaluated the presenting function of human dendritic cells for mycobacterial antigens, since these antigen-presenting cells (APC) are particularly effective in initiating antigen-specific T-cell responses. Dendritic cells from blood prove to be active APC for mycobacteria-specific proliferative responses by CD4+ T cells from bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated individuals. In the first 24-48 hr of the response, dendritic cells that have been pulsed with mycobacterial antigens, including live BCG, effectively bind T cells forming discrete cell clusters. The clusters represent about 1% of the applied T cells. Clusters are highly enriched in mycobacterial reactivity while the non-clusters are depleted. Clustered T cells can be used as a starting point to expand antigen-specific cell lines. Mitogen and allogeneic feeder cells were used as APC to expand the mycobacterial-reactive lines, because the antigen-specific T cells had been preselected by virtue of their binding to antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. We discuss the advantages of obtaining antigen-reactive T cells by using dendritic cells as immunoadsorbents. These lines should help delineate the range of mycobacterial antigens and T-cell responses that participate in host responses to mycobacteria.
Treatment of facial vascular lesions with intense pulsed light (1999)

The PhotoDerm VL provides a highly effective and safe alternative to the laser for treatment of facial vascular lesions. The device may achieve improved results for lesions that are resistant to laser therapy. The rate and degree of cosmetic side effects are considerably less than with laser treatment.
Aligned Arrays of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Generated from Random Networks by Orientationally Selective Laser Ablation (2004)

This paper presents results on the selective ablation of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes by use of intense picosecond laser pulses. Linearly polarized pulses ablate only those tubes that are oriented substantially along the polarization direction. When applied to random submonolayer networks of tubes on solid supports, this procedure can produce collections of aligned tubes oriented perpendicular to the polarization direction. Detailed examples highlight essential aspects of the approach and some features of the underlying physics that governs the process. Thin film transistors that use networks of tubes that have been laser processed in this manner show extremely high orientational anisotropy in the effective mobility. The results could be important for transistors that have potential applications as sensors or logic elements in macroelectronic systems or for optical elements with highly anisotropic properties.
THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BLOOD (1950)

Abstract 1. The factors influencing blood conductivity have been noted. 2. An accurate apparatus has been designed to measure blood and plasma conductivity. 3. A new cell has been designed to measure conductivity of blood. 4. Through studies on normal blood before and after dilution, a correlation has been shown to exist between blood conductivity and the red cell count. 5. The form factor for normal human red cells has been determined to be 1.393. 6. A mathematical equation is presented relating red cell count with conductivity for normal blood. See PDF for Equation 7. The factor C on the basis of 33 determinations has been calculated to be 10.80.
Surface coatings : science & technology (1996)

Synthesis of Polymeric Binders (S. Paul). Industrial Resins (S. Paul). Pigments (S. Paul). Principles of Solvent Selection in Paint Formulations (J. Klein D. Wu). Pigment Dispersion Formulation (H. Jakubauskas). Surface Preparation and Paint Application (S. Paul). Paint Properties and Their Evaluation (S. Paul). Types of Coatings (S. Paul). New Technologies (S. Paul, et al.). Index.
Optimizing Recellularization of Whole Decellularized Heart Extracellular Matrix (2014)

This is the first study to re-endothelialize whole decellularized hearts throughout both arterial and venous beds and cavities by using arterial and venous delivery. The combination (IVC+BA) delivery strategy results in enhanced scaffold vessel re-endothelialization compared to single-route strategies. Re-endothelialization reduced scaffold thrombogencity and improved contractility of left ventricular-recellularized constructs. Thus, vessel and cavity re-endothelialization creates superior vascularized scaffolds for use in whole-organ recellularization applications.
Formulation of a 3-months Stability Oral Viscous Budesonide Gel and Development of an Indicating Stability HPLC Method (2018)

Abstract Background Eosinophilic Esophagitis is an increasing pathology which can cause stomach symptom like dysphagia, vomiting, food blockage. The treatment consists in dietary therapy and topical corticosteroid therapy to avoid the important number of side effects of the oral corticosteroids. There is presently no available topical form adapted for treating esophageal pathology. Methods The aim of this work was to develop an oral viscous budesonide gel (OVBG). A focus on palatability was made in order to use OVBG in children. A stability indicating HLPC method able to quantify budesonide contained in our OVBG has been developed. Results Previous work of Hefner and Al. showed that xanthan gum had a longer esophageal mucosal contact time than sucralose. This encouraged the development of a xanthan gum-based formulation. This OVBG has also the advantage to facilitate compliance thanks to its taste and pleasant texture. The stability length of the preparation can be extended over a 3-months period, stored in a refrigerator at 2–8 °C. Conclusions An adapted pediatric formulation with a 3-months stability was developed. Furthermore, the formulation can be easily reproduced in community pharmacy. Regarding the increasing number of patients concerned OVBG is a good answer to a real clinical need.