gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of unlinked transpositions of a Ds element from a T-DNA locus on tomato chromosome 4. (1995)

In maize, receptor sites for unlinked transpositions of Activator (Ac) elements are not distributed randomly. To test whether the same is true in tomato, the receptor sites for a Dissociation (Ds) element derived from Ac, were mapped for 26 transpositions unlinked to a donor T-DNA locus on chromosome 4. Four independent transposed Dss mapped to sites on chromosome 4 genetically unlinked to the donor T-DNA, consistent with a preference for transposition to unlinked sites on the same chromosome as opposed to sites on other chromosomes. There was little preference among the nondonor chromosomes, except perhaps for chromosome 2, which carried seven transposed Dss, but these could not be proven to be independent. However, these data, when combined with those from other studies in tomato examining the distribution of transposed Acs or Dss among nondonor chromosomes, suggest there may be absolute preferences for transposition irrespective of the chromosomal location of the donor site. If true, transposition to nondonor chromosomes in tomato would differ from that in maize, where the preference seems to be determined by the spatial arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus. The tomato lines carrying Ds elements at known locations are available for targeted transposon tagging experiments.
Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoproteins (1996)

The complex biology of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) necessarily begins with an initial interaction between the envelope of the infectious virion and the host cell. Understanding the initial events of infection will require a further analysis of the glycoprotein components of the virion envelope as well as their expression in the membranes of the infected cell. This experimental goal has been hindered by the large genome of HCMV, which may encode over 65 unique glycoproteins. Protein homologs of only 4 herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins, gB, gH, gL and gM, have been identified, and potential functions have been postulated based on studies of specific glycoprotein null mutants of HSV and other herpesviruses. Additional glycoproteins have been analyzed but to date their function in the replicative cycle of this virus is unknown. Several of the envelope glycoproteins elicit strong host immune responses, including the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. This response is felt to be a key component of host immunity and represents a goal of vaccine development. Finally, recent findings have also provided evidence that HCMV glycoproteins may contribute to evasion of host cellular immune responses by limiting viral antigen presentation.
Serum and Glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase Modulates Nedd4-2-mediated Inhibition of the Epithelial Na+Channel (2002)

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) forms the pathway for Na+ absorption across epithelia, including the kidney collecting duct, where it plays a critical role in Na+ homeostasis and blood pressure control. Na+ absorption is regulated in part by mechanisms that control the expression of ENaC at the apical cell surface. Nedd4 family members (e.g. Nedd4, Nedd4-2) bind to the channel and decrease its surface expression by catalyzing its ubiquitination and degradation. Conversely, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), a downstream mediator of aldosterone, increases the expression of ENaC at the cell surface. Here we show that SGK and human Nedd4-2 (hNedd4-2) converge in a common pathway to regulate epithelial Na+ absorption. Consistent with this model, we found that SGK bound to hNedd4-2 and hNedd4. A PY motif in SGK mediated the interaction and was required for SGK to stimulate ENaC. SGK phosphorylated hNedd4-2 (but not hNedd4), altering hNedd4-2 function; phosphorylation reduced the binding of hNedd4-2 to alphaENaC, and hence, the hNedd4-2-mediated inhibition of Na+ absorption. These data suggest that SGK regulates epithelial Na+ absorption in part by modulating the function of hNedd4-2.
Characterization of enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway in Methanococcus spp (1991)

Methanococcus aeolicus, Methanococcus maripaludis, and Methanococcus voltae contain similar levels of four enzymes of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis: acetohydroxy acid synthase, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, dihydroxy acid dehydratase, and transaminase B. Following growth at low partial pressures of H2-CO2, the levels of these enzymes in extracts of M. voltae are reduced three- to fivefold, which suggests that their synthesis is regulated. The enzymes from M. aeolicus were found to be similar to the eubacterial and eucaryotic enzymes with respect to molecular weights, pH optima, kinetic properties, and sensitivities to O2. The acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase has a specific requirement for Mg2+, and other divalent cations were inhibitory. It was stimulated threefold by K+ and NH4+ ions and was able to utilize NADH as well as NADPH. The partially purified enzyme was not sensitive to O2. The dihydroxy acid dehydratase is extremely sensitive to O2, and it has a half-life under 5% O2 of 6 min at 25 degrees C. Divalent cations were required for activity, and Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ were nearly equally effective. In conclusion, the archaebacterial enzymes are functionally homologous to the eubacterial and eucaryotic enzymes, which implies that this pathway is very ancient.
Plasma Levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in Alzheimer Patients during Treatment with the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Tacrine (2002)

Deregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing with increased production of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is considered to be a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that stimulation of the muscarinic M(1) receptor subtype affects APP processing and leads to a change in Abeta concentration. To test the hypothesis that treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor could change the levels of Abeta in plasma, we measured Abeta42 and Abeta40 plasma levels in AD subjects before tacrine treatment and at weeks 2 and 6 of treatment. Treatment with tacrine had no statistically significant effect on plasma Abeta42 and Abeta40 either at 2 weeks or at 6 weeks of administration compared to baseline levels. Plasma Abeta42 and Abeta40 levels showed large subject-to-subject variation but small variation within the same patient over the 3-sample interval. After 2 weeks of treatment with tacrine, there was a strong negative correlation between tacrine concentration and levels of Abeta42 (r = -0.64; p = 0.01) and Abeta40 (r = -0.55; p = 0.04). However, after 6 weeks there was no correlation between plasma concentrations of tacrine and Abeta42 (r = 0.33; p = 0.34) or Abeta40 (r = -0.22; p = 0.54) levels in plasma. After 2 weeks of treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, we found a correlation between higher drug concentrations and lower beta-amyloid levels. This might indicate an effect on APP metabolism with an increased alpha-cleavage. But after 6 weeks of drug treatment, there was no obvious drug effect on beta-amyloid concentrations. This finding may indicate that compensatory mechanisms have started at 6 weeks and that no long-term effect on key pathological features in AD is to be expected by an inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
Towards End-To-End Speech Recognition with Recurrent Neural Networks (2014)

This paper presents a speech recognition sys-tem that directly transcribes audio data with text, without requiring an intermediate phonetic repre-sentation. The system is based on a combination of the deep bidirectional LSTM recurrent neural network architecture and the Connectionist Tem-poral Classification objective function. A mod-ification to the objective function is introduced that trains the network to minimise the expec-tation of an arbitrary transcription loss function. This allows a direct optimisation of the word er-ror rate, even in the absence of a lexicon or lan-guage model. The system achieves a word error rate of 27.3 % on the Wall Street Journal corpus with no prior linguistic information, 21.9 % with only a lexicon of allowed words, and 8.2 % with a trigram language model. Combining the network with a baseline system further reduces the error rate to 6.7%. 1.
Reconstruction of Ligand-Dependent Transactivation of Choristoneura fumiferana Ecdysone Receptor in Yeast (2001)

Ecdysteroids play an important role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. Interaction of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) with ecdysone receptor (EcR) as a heterodimer with ultraspiracle (USP) protein triggers the activation of 20E-responsive genes. In this paper we describe a ligand-mediated transactivation system in yeast using the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor (CfEcR). Coexpression of C. fumiferana USP (CfUSP) with CfEcR in yeast led to constitutive transcription of the reporter gene. However, deletion of the A/B domain of CfUSP abolished constitutive activity observed for the CfUSP:CfEcR complex. Replacement of USP with its mammalian homolog retinoid X receptors (RXRs) abolished the constitutive activity of the heterodimer but it did not restore EcR ligand-mediated transactivation. These data suggest that USP and its A/B domain play a role in the constitutive function of CfEcR:USP in yeast. A ligand-mediated transactivation was observed when GRIP1, a mouse coactivator gene, was added to EcR:RXR or EcR:ΔA/BUSP complexes. Deletion of the A/B domain of EcR in the context ofΔ A/BEcR:RXR:GRIP1 or ΔA/BEcR:ΔA/BUSP:GRIP1 dramatically improved the ligand-dependent transactivation. This is the first example of highly efficient ligand-dependent transactivation of insect EcR in yeast. Analysis of transactivation activity of different ecdysteroidal compounds showed that the yeast system remarkably mimics the response observed in insect tissue culture cells and whole insect systems. The results open the way to develop assays that can be used to screen novel species-specific ecdysone agonist/antagonist insecticides.
Derivatives of γ-Valerolactone, 1,4-Pentanediol and 1,4-Di-(β-cyanoethoxy)-pentane1 (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of γ-Valerolactone, 1,4-Pentanediol and 1,4-Di-(β-cyanoethoxy)-pentane1Robert V. Christian Jr., Horace D. Brown, and R. M. HixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 8, 1961–1963Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01200a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01200a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1010Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly[Lys-(AEDTP)]:  A Cationic Polymer That Allows Dissociation of pDNA/Cationic Polymer Complexes in a Reductive Medium and Enhances Polyfection (2001)

Polyplexes of high stability resulting from the condensation of a plasmid DNA by a cationic polymer are widely used to develop polymer-based gene delivery systems. However, the plasmid must be released from its vector once inside the cells for an efficient expression of the exogenous gene in the cell nucleus. We have designed a disulfide-containing cationic polymer termed poly[Lys-(AEDTP)] which allowed for the formation of polyplexes and the release of the plasmid in a reductive medium. The amino groups of polylysine were substituted with 3-(2-aminoethyldithio)propionyl residues in order to have each amino group of poly[Lys-(AEDTP)] interacting with a phosphate DNA linked to the polymer backbone via a disulfide bond. As evidenced by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide/pDNA fluorescence restoration, poly[Lys-(AEDTP)] polyplexes were decondensed and the plasmid released upon treatment with either dithiothreitol, glutathione in the presence of glutathione reductase, or the thioredoxin reductase. Electron microscopy showed that polyplexes exhibiting spherical particles of a mean size at about 100 nm were decondensed in the presence of glutathione and exhibited filamentous aggregates. Finally, we found that the transfection of 293T7 and HepG2 cells was 10- and 50-fold more efficient with poly[Lys-(AEDTP)] polyplexes, respectively, than with poly[Lys] polyplexes. These results indicate that disulfide-containing cationic polymers must be borne in mind for developing polymer-base gene delivery systems.
Combinatorial Library Screening for Developing an Improved Split-Firefly Luciferase Fragment-Assisted Complementation System for Studying Protein−Protein Interactions (2007)

Split reporter-based bioluminescence imaging is a useful strategy for studying protein-protein as well as other intracellular interactions. We have used a combinatorial strategy to identify a novel split site for firefly luciferase with improved characteristics over previously published split sites. A combination of fragments with greater absolute signal with near-zero background signals was achieved by screening 115 different combinations. The identified fragments were further characterized by using five different interacting protein partners and an intramolecular folding strategy. Cell culture studies and imaging in living mice was performed to validate the new split sites. In addition, the signal generated by the newly identified combination of fragments (Nfluc 398/ Cfluc 394) was compared with different split luciferase fragments currently in use for studying protein-protein interactions and was shown to be markedly superior with a lower self-complementation signal and equal or higher postinteraction absolute signal. This study also identified many different combinations of nonoverlapping and overlapping firefly luciferase fragments that can be used for studying different cellular events such as subcellular localization of proteins, cell-cell fusion, and evaluating cell delivery vehicles, in addition to protein-protein interactions, both in cells and small living animals.
Studies on Mechanical Properties of Imide-Amine Cured Expoxy-Glass Fiber Laminates (1989)

Abstract Epoxy (DGEBA)-glass fiber laminates were cured with different hardeners. Imide-amine hardeners were synthesized with different chemical groups in their backbone structure. Higher curing and postcuring temperatures were required for epoxy-glass fiber laminates cured with imide-amine hardeners. Compared to epoxy cured with aromatic amine (DADPM), tensile and flexural strength increased by 38.5% and 23.1%, respectively, in the laminates cured with imide-amine with sulfone groups in the backbone structure. Fracture surface of the laminates showed good bonding between the fiber and matrix.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Synergistic Activity of Neomycin-Polymyxin B Association against Pathogens Responsible for Otitis Externa (2009)

The most recent guidelines recommend, for otitis externa antibiotic therapy, the use of topical formulations in that they are very safe, have a quicker effect and do not induce bacterial resistance compared to systemic therapy. The choice of the class of antibiotics in empiric therapy of otitis externa must take into consideration the polymicrobic nature of the infection that includes both bacteria (Grampositive and Gram-negative) and mycetes. For this reason, in this study we evaluated the synergic activity of neomycin in association with polymyxin B against the pathogens commonly responsible for otitis externa, compared to that of a single antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). The polymyxinB/neomycin association shows clear synergic effects with values of both Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) reduced by 3-4 times with respect to the single antibiotic; and in P. aeruginosa the synergistic effect of the neomycin/polymyxin B association with respect to neomycin was more evident (5-6 times), with an intrinsic in vitro activity constantly higher than that of ciprofloxacin alone or in association with hydrocortisone. From the analysis of the data obtained in vitro, we can conclude that the possibility of using a topical formulation containing a synergistic association of antibiotics, such as neomycin-polymyxin B, in such a way as to obtain the maximum effect in the minimum time with an increase in the spectrum of action of non-bacterial pathogens, is an optimal choice for the clinician for the empiric therapy of otitis externa.
Chapter 4: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) (2014)

This chapter focuses on the position of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment pathway for overactive bladder (OAB) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction associated with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), and the recommendations of the major international guideline groups. Recommendations of different guideline groups may vary, especially when evidence is weak, often because of differences in methodology and panel composition. Relevant guidelines from the European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and the UK National Institute for Care and Clinical Excellence were reviewed, and the recommendations that form the basis of the treatment algorithms have been discussed. Any differences between guidelines have been highlighted and special emphasis made on the position of botulinum toxin type A in these pathways. In all the reviewed guidelines, botulinum toxin type A is recommended, alongside sacral nerve neuromodulation, to treat OAB and NDO in patients who have failed oral therapy. The evidence base is consistent, but further evidence is required regarding optimal dosing regimens and injection technique.
Update on angiogenesis inhibitors (2005)

Angiogenesis inhibitors show promise, but evaluation for optimal efficacy has been a problem, given that the mechanisms of action of these agents differ from conventional cytotoxic agents and surrogate markers for inhibition of angiogenesis are not available.
NOREPINEPHRINE-INDUCED DEPOLARIZATION OF BROWN FAT CELLS (1969)

Intracellular potentials of brown fat cells in lightly anesthetized cold-acclimated rats were measured in vivo. The effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on these potentials were examined in an attempt to relate the electrical activity of the cells to the adrenergic-induced stimulation of brown fat thermogenesis.Norepinephrine, the physiological mediator of brown fat heat production, significantly depolarized the membrane of these cells in vivo. This was effected either upon norepinephrine administration (3-100 mug/kg body wt) or excitation of the transsected nerve trunk to the interscapular fat pad and appreciably inhibited (55%) by doses of propranolol (1 mg/kg) sufficient to abolish the temperature increase of the tissue. Since theophylline (325 mum/kg) did not depolarize the cells, although it stimulated thermogenesis in the tissue, the depolarizing effect of norepinephrine is interpreted as being at least partially associated with biochemical events terminating in the activation of adenylate cyclase. However, the norepinephrine-induced electrical changes and the ensuing increase in brown fat thermogenesis appear to be causally independent and experimentally separable. On the other hand, our data do not preclude the speculation that the membrane phenomenon, if accompanied by increased Na(+), may serve partially to regulate the metabolic rate of brown fat during long-term physiological stimulation (e.g., cold stress) by increasing the rate of ATP utilization via the Na(+)/K(+) pump.
Effect of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Deficiency on the Development of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension (2006)

Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serotonin in the periphery. Recently, it has been shown that expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene is increased in lungs and pulmonary endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here we investigated the effect of genetic deletion of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice by measuring pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodeling before and after 2 weeks of hypoxia. In wild-type mice, hypoxia increased right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These effects of hypoxia were attenuated in the tryptophan hydroxylase 1-/-mice. Hypoxia increased right ventricular hypertrophy in both wild-type and tryptophan hydroxylase 1-/-mice suggesting that in vivo peripheral serotonin has a differential effect on the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular hypertrophy. Contractile responses to serotonin were increased in pulmonary arteries from tryptophan hydroxylase 1-/-mice. Hypoxia increased serotonin-mediated contraction in vessels from the wild-type mice, but this was not further increased by hypoxia in the tryptophan hydroxylase 1-/-mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and peripheral serotonin play an essential role in the development of hypoxia-induced elevations in pulmonary pressures and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. In addition, the results suggest that, in mice, serotonin has differential effects on the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular hypertrophy.
[Effects of myocardial platelet rich plasma injection on rats with acute myocardial infarction:(99)Tc(m)-MIBI gated SPECT imaging evaluation results]. (2012)

Myocardial PRP injection could improve cardiac function and reperfusion in this rat model of acute myocardial infarction.
Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Characterization of the phycobilisomes of Synechococcus sp. 6301. (1978)

A procedure is described for the preparation of stable phycobilisomes from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. 6301 (also known as Anacystis nidulans). Excitation of the phycocyanin in these particles at 580 nm leads to maximum fluorescence emission, from allophycocyanin and allophycocyanin B, at 673 nm. Electron microscopy shows that the phycobilisomes are clusters of rods. The rods are made up of stacks of discs which exhibit the dimensions of short stacks made up primarily of phycocyanin (Eiserling, F. A., and Glazer, A. N. (1974) J. Ultrastruct. Res. 47, 16-25). Loss of the clusters, by dissociation into rods under suitable conditions, is associated with loss of energy transfer as shown by a shift in fluorescence emission maximum to 652 nm. Synechococcus sp. 6301 phycobilisomes were shown to contain five nonpigmented polypeptides in addition to the colored subunits (which carry the covalently bound tetrapyrrole prosthetic groups) of the phycobiliproteins. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that these colorless polypeptides are genuine components of the phycobilisome. The nonpigmented polypeptides represent approximately 12% of the protein of the phycobilisomes; phycocyanin, approximately 75%, and allophycocyanin, approximately 12%. Spectroscopic studies that phycocyanin is in the hexamer form, (alpha beta)6, in intact phycobilisomes, and that the circular dichroism and absorbance of this aggregate are little affected by incorporation into the phycobilisome structure.