gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates angiogenesis by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2005)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major product of cyclooxygenase, has been implicated in modulating angiogenesis, vascular function, and inflammatory processes, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. We here investigated the molecular mechanism by which PGE2 regulates angiogenesis. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with PGE2 increased angiogenesis. PGE2 increased phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), eNOS activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production by the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Dibutyryl cAMP (DB-cAMP) mimicked the role of PGE2 in angiogenesis and the signaling pathway, suggesting that cAMP is a down-stream mediator of PGE2. Furthermore, PGE2 increased endothelial cell sprouting from normal murine aortic segments, but not from eNOS-deficient ones, on Matrigel. The angiogenic effects of PGE2 were inhibited by the inhibitors of PKA, PI3K, eNOS, and soluble guanylate cyclase, but not by phospholipase C inhibitor. These results clearly show that PGE2 increased angiogenesis by activating the NO/cGMP signaling pathway through PKA/PI3K/Akt-dependent increase in eNOS activity.
Regulatory factor X4 variant 3: A transcription factor involved in brain development and disease (2007)

Regulatory factor X4 variant 3 (RFX4_v3) is a recently identified transcription factor specifically expressed in the brain. Gene disruption in mice demonstrated that interruption of a single allele (heterozygous, +/-) prevented formation of the subcommissural organ (SCO), resulting in congenital hydrocephalus, whereas interruption of two alleles (homozygous, -/-) caused fatal failure of dorsal midline brain structure formation. These mutagenesis studies implicated RFX4_v3 in early brain development as well as the genesis of the SCO. Rfx4_v3 deficiency presumably causes abnormalities in brain by altering the expression levels of many genes that are crucial for brain morphogenesis, such as the signaling components in the Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, and retinoic acid pathways. RFX4_v3 might affect these critical signaling pathways in brain development. Cx3cl1, a chemokine gene highly expressed in brain, was identified as a direct target for RFX4_v3, indicating that RFX4_v3 possesses trans-acting activity to stimulate gene expression. Rfx4_v3 is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and might be involved in regulating the circadian clock. One haplotype in RFX4_v3 gene is linked to a higher risk of bipolar disorder, suggesting that this protein might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. This Mini-Review describes our current knowledge about RFX4_v3, an important protein that appears to be involved in many aspects of brain development and disease.
Collaborative Tabletops for Blind People (2020)

Interactive tabletops offer unique collaborative features, particularly their size, geometry, orientation and, more importantly, the ability to support multi-user interaction. Although previous efforts were made to make interactive tabletops accessible to blind people, the potential to use them in collaborative activities remains unexplored. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a multi-user auditory display for interactive tabletops, supporting three feedback modes that vary on how much information about the partners' actions is conveyed. We conducted a user study with ten blind people to assess the effect of feedback modes on workspace awareness and task performance. Furthermore, we analyze the type of awareness information exchanged and the emergent collaboration strategies. Finally, we provide implications for the design of future tabletop collaborative tools for blind users.
Transcription of meiotic cell cycle and terminal differentiation genes depends on a conserved chromatin associated protein, whose nuclear localisation is regulated (2000)

The Drosophila always early (aly) gene coordinately regulates meiotic cell cycle progression and terminal differentiation during male gametogenesis. aly is required for transcription of key G2-M cell cycle control genes and of spermatid differentiation genes, and for maintenance of normal chromatin structure in primary spermatocytes. We show that aly encodes a homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-9, a negative regulator of vulval development that acts in the same SynMuvB genetic pathway as the LIN-35 Rb-like protein. The aly gene family is conserved from plants to humans. Aly protein is both cytoplasmic and nuclear in early primary spermatocytes, then resolves to a chromatin-associated pattern. It remains cytoplasmic in a loss-of-function missense allele, suggesting that nuclear localisation is critical for Aly function, and that other factors may alter Aly activity by controlling its subcellular localisation. MAPK activation occurs normally in aly mutant testes. Therefore aly, and by inference lin-9, act in parallel to, or downstream of, activation of MAPK by the RTK-Ras signalling pathway. We favour a model where aly may regulate cell cycle progression and terminal differentiation during male gametogenesis by regulating chromatin conformation in primary spermatocytes.
Practical Statistics for Medical Research (1990)

Practical Statistics for Medical Research is a problem-based text for medical researchers, medical students, and others in the medical arena who need to use statistics but have no specialized mathematics background. The author draws on twenty years of experience as a consulting medical statistician to provide clear explanations to key statistical concepts, with a firm emphasis on practical aspects of designing and analyzing medical research. Using real data and including dozens of interesting data sets, this bestselling text gives special attention to the presentation and interpretation of results and the many real problems that arise in medical research.
Ion/molecule reactions in the orifice‐skimmer region of an atmospheric pressure Penning ionization mass spectrometer (2005)

Atmospheric pressure Penning ionization mass spectra of methanol were measured as functions of Ar or He gas pressure in the first vacuum chamber, the position of the skimmer, and the voltage applied between the orifice and the skimmer. When the orifice and the skimmer were coaxial with a distance of 4 mm, the distribution of CH3OH2+(CH3OH)n clusters was only weakly dependent on both Ar pressure (in the range of 19-220 Pa) and orifice-skimmer voltage (in the range of 1-45 V). The ion/molecule reaction CH3OH2+ + CH3OH --> CH3+(CH3OH) + H2O was observed in the free jet expansion, especially at high orifice-skimmer voltage values. When the orifice and the skimmer were off-centered and the distance between them was increased to 18 mm, the formation of large CH3OH2+(CH3OH)n clusters, as well as their dissociation, were seen. The endothermic proton transfer reaction, CH3+(CH3OH) + CH3OH --> CH3OH2+ + CH3OCH3, occurred at high orifice-skimmer voltage. The collision-induced dissociation of cluster ions by He gas in the first vacuum chamber was much more efficient than by Ar. These results demonstrated that the mass spectra are highly dependent on skimmer position and on orifice-skimmer voltage and that ions observed by mass spectrometry do not necessarily reflect the abundance of ions produced in the atmospheric pressure ion source.
Postoperative Course and Hemodynamic Profile After the Arterial Switch Operation in Neonates and Infants (1995)

After heart surgery in neonates and infants, both low-flow bypass and circulatory arrest perfusion strategies have comparable effects on the nonneurological postoperative course and hemodynamic profile.
Mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

We report for the first time on a hole conductor-free mesoscopic methylammonium lead iodide (CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)) perovskite/TiO(2) heterojunction solar cell, produced by deposition of perovskite nanoparticles from a solution of CH(3)NH(3)I and PbI(2) in γ-butyrolactone on a 400 nm thick film of TiO(2) (anatase) nanosheets exposing (001) facets. A gold film was evaporated on top of the CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) as a back contact. Importantly, the CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) nanoparticles assume here simultaneously the roles of both light harvester and hole conductor, rendering superfluous the use of an additional hole transporting material. The simple mesoscopic CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)/TiO(2) heterojunction solar cell shows impressive photovoltaic performance, with short-circuit photocurrent J(sc)= 16.1 mA/cm(2), open-circuit photovoltage V(oc) = 0.631 V, and a fill factor FF = 0.57, corresponding to a light to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.5% under standard AM 1.5 solar light of 1000 W/m(2) intensity. At a lower light intensity of 100W/m(2), a PCE of 7.3% was measured. The advent of such simple solution-processed mesoscopic heterojunction solar cells paves the way to realize low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells.
Monoclonal antibody solution hybridization assay for detection of human immunodeficiency virus nucleic acids (1989)

In this report we describe a novel, nonisotopic hybridization assay for the measurement of viral RNA in biological samples. The assay involved a solution-phase reaction between a biotinylated DNA probe and RNA target sequences. Labeled hybrids were detected in an immunoreaction by using a solid-phase anti-biotin antibody and an enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for DNA-RNA hybrids. This monoclonal antibody solution hybridization assay was compared with an antigen-capture immunoassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus in 436 cell culture samples from 60 seropositive patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the hybridization assay were 93.5 and 94.6%, respectively. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus solely by hybridization in the initial sample but not subsequent samples from seven cultures may reflect detection of virus that was present in the patients' lymphocytes but did not replicate in vitro. Since the assay method is adapatable to the detection of either RNA or DNA, it could provide a means for the detection of a wide range of viral nucleic acids.
Suppression of liver uptake of liposomes by dextran sulfate 500. (1983)

The effect of dextran sulfate (DS, 500,000 Mr) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) as liver blockade agents has been investigated in mice. Intravenous injection of unlabeled MLV prior to radioactive MLV caused moderate reduction in the liver uptake and increased tibia, lung, and spleen uptake. More drastic differences were observed with intraperitoneal injection of DS. When tested in the range of 0-50 mg of DS per kg of body weight, maximal liver blockade occurred at a dose of 50 mg. By using 50 mg of DS per kg, maximal liver blockade occurred at 12 hr after DS injection. The liver blockade was temporary, ending within 48 hr. The intraperitoneal route of injection for DS was more effective for liver blockade than the intravenous route.
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms (2017)

Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment with psilocybin (serotonin agonist) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Quality pre and post treatment fMRI data were collected from 16 of 19 patients. Decreased depressive symptoms were observed in all 19 patients at 1-week post-treatment and 47% met criteria for response at 5 weeks. Whole-brain analyses revealed post-treatment decreases in CBF in the temporal cortex, including the amygdala. Decreased amygdala CBF correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. Focusing on a priori selected circuitry for RSFC analyses, increased RSFC was observed within the default-mode network (DMN) post-treatment. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-bilateral inferior lateral parietal cortex RSFC was predictive of treatment response at 5-weeks, as was decreased parahippocampal-prefrontal cortex RSFC. These data fill an important knowledge gap regarding the post-treatment brain effects of psilocybin, and are the first in depressed patients. The post-treatment brain changes are different to previously observed acute effects of psilocybin and other 'psychedelics' yet were related to clinical outcomes. A 'reset' therapeutic mechanism is proposed.
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in psoriasis. An immunohistochemical study on catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides of the skin (1987)

Immunoreactivity for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme involved in the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine, was present in the basal epidermis and upper dermis in 16 patients with psoriasis. The amount of immunoreactivity was increased tenfold in involved compared to uninvolved skin as characterized by computer-assisted image analysis. In skin from healthy volunteers no immunoreactivity could be found. In our subjects, no immunoreactivity was observed for the other catecholamine synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase; dopa-decarboxylase; dopamine-beta-hydroxylase), apart from single tyrosine hydroxylase positive adrenergic vascular nerves. Furthermore, in psoriasis, the immunoreactivity pattern of the peptides somatostatin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and bombesin was in agreement with skin from healthy volunteers.
Membranous expression of Her3 is associated with a decreased survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

These results suggest that membranous Her3 expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis of patients with HNSCC and is a potential candidate molecule for targeted therapy.
DIELECTROPHORETIC TRAPPING OF BEADS IN COMPACT CAPILLARY-DRIVEN SYSTEMS WITH MULTIWALL ELECTRODES (2013)

Ă� ЅȆȇࠃ ः ਋܊Ȅࠃ इః ഉฅ༊ई་܃ ଍� ः ਋ငऊࠃ ਉЏᄑअሓఅ�ᐂ܃ဏਅ଍ᄕ༌༊�ਖ༄�ᜏ�ပᄈ༗ऑᄃȑȊࠅଌȆ�ഋԃ ఏȑȊࠅ଄ᘋԂ؏ฉ ဏਅ଎ȉ ࠅऄЏܘᤃ �ᨖȃഉฅ༊ई་܃ЅଊȆ؃ ଐЅ༆Ȇ�ଃЖଈ଑༈ᘋ᠅ऄᘒ�؈Ȅ؃इఃःᄋ ࠂငȅईᔅȃᬜᴃḟ ਋ᐂԃഏᄐ�ᄉဏ܉ࠏଇᤃ�ᨖȃЅଊȆ؃�܉ฑȆ�ȃԂऑ༡ई་܃଍�ᘒఅ଄ᘏᄏਃਖइ܂ᄃᜉᄑ؃᜖ȅȃᔄ��ଃ Ԃȃᜉᐂ�ဂࠉဃംईᔅȃ؏ℂ�༇؏ం�⌤�∐�ంȄ�ਖइ܂ᄆᤃ┗༇᠃ࠋ�ःఏȑȊࠅ༊� Ԃ؆༇᠃ ؈Ȅ☃ ȃ Љࠈȅ܂ః ȑȊࠅଌȆ� अȃ ဉం� ᄂᐂᄃ ᜏ� ȃ ԅକ܌༇᠃ ఏȑȊࠅ༊ � ď༇� Ȇȃ ဏਅଊᘉ ✤ဃЋᄒ؈ህȇȃขऌ؃ᜂԂ�ȍഏਏȇࠑሃࠅऄЂఃฒ�ఏȑȊࠅ଄ᘋԂ؏؃ᬨ⤪ ᜖༑ȃ਋܈༇ᔋ؃؈ए܂ః ฒᘂ
Effects of hydroxyethylrutosides on the permeability of microvessels in the frog mesentery (1993)

1. We have investigated the effects of a standardised mixture of hydroxyethylrutosides (HR, Venoruton), a mixture of five of its main components (M) and each of the five components separately (7-mono-HR, 7,4'-di-HR, 7,3',4'-tri-HR, 5,7,3',4'-tetra-HR and 7,3'4'-tri HQ) upon the permeability of single perfused capillaries and venules in the mesenteries of pithed frogs. 2. In each experiment, the hydraulic permeability (Lp) of a single perfused microvessel and the effective osmotic pressure (sigma delta pi) exerted by macromolecules across its walls were estimated by a microcclusion technique, first during control perfusion and then in the presence of a known concentration of test substance. 3. HR, M and 7,4'-di-HR reduced Lp in a similar concentration-dependent manner over the range of 1 microgram ml-1 to 1 mg ml-1 (maximum reduction was to 40% of control Lp at 1 mg ml-1). At perfusate concentrations greater than 1 mg ml-1, these substances reduced Lp to a lesser extent. While the four other test substances reduced Lp significantly when their perfusate concentrations equalled or exceeded 100 micrograms ml-1, they were all less potent than 7,4'-di-HR. 4. The reduction in Lp induced by the mixture of flavonoids was only slightly reversed by subsequent perfusion with flavonoid-free solutions. 5. When permeability was increased by perfusing with protein-free solutions, both HR and 7,4'-di-HR reduced and then reversed the increase in Lp in a concentration-dependent manner over the range of 1 microgram ml-1 to 100 micrograms ml-1. None of the other component flavonoids was effective in restoring Lp under these conditions.
Maximum entropy spectral decomposition of a seismogram into its minimum entropy component plus noise (1981)

Abstract We consider an N-layered elastic medium which is perfectly insulated from its embedding space. Each layer has unit two-way vertical traveltime, and a coincident source-receiver pair is located just below the top interface. If the insulated medium is excited in the remote past, the power spectrum of the resulting impulsive normal-incidence synthetic seismogram is a pure line spectrum; because no random elements exist in the system at the time of measurement, this spectrum is a minimum entropy spectrum. If we add white noise to the seismogram, the power spectrum becomes a maximum entropy spectrum. The maximum entropy spectrum can thus be decomposed into the sum of a minimum entropy spectrum plus white noise; this spectral decomposition is due to Pisarenko (1973). If the insulated medium is excited at time t = 0, the resulting synthetic seismogram differs rather remarkably from the seismogram obtained for excitation in the remote past.
Autopilot (2007)

Microsoft is rapidly increasing the number of large-scale web services that it operates. Services such as Windows Live Search and Windows Live Mail operate from data centers that contain tens or hundreds of thousands of computers, and it is essential that these data centers function reliably with minimal human intervention. This paper describes the first version of Autopilot , the automatic data center management infrastructure developed within Microsoft over the last few years. Autopilot is responsible for automating software provisioning and deployment; system monitoring; and carrying out repair actions to deal with faulty software and hardware. A key assumption underlying Autopilot is that the services built on it must be designed to be manageable. We also therefore outline the best practices adopted by applications that run on Autopilot.
R-Domain Interactions with Distal Regions of CFTR Lead to Phosphorylation and Activation (2000)

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the aberrant function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. We examined whether intramolecular binding interactions involving the regulatory (R) domain contributed to CFTR regulation and function. When the R-domain (amino acids 596-836) was coexpressed with Delta1-836 CFTR (a carboxyl hemi-CFTR beginning immediately after the R-domain), strong binding between the two polypeptides was exhibited. The R-domain that co-immunoprecipitated with Delta1-836 exhibited a slower mobility on SDS-PAGE that resulted from phosphorylation of the protein. A larger CFTR polypeptide that included the R-domain (M837X) also exhibited a phosphorylation-dependent mobility shift when coexpressed with Delta1-836. Moreover, coexpression of M837X and Delta1-836 led to enhanced halide permeability in living cells. The activity, unlike in full-length CFTR, was present without forskolin activation, but still sensitive to the PKA inhibitor, Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS. This PKA inhibition of activity was found to be dependent on the carboxy region of the R-domain, amino acids 723-836. Our results indicate that the R-domain binds CFTR residues after amino acid 836 and that this binding facilitates phosphorylation and CFTR activation. We have also characterized a subdomain within CFTR (residues 723-837) that is necessary for PKA-dependent constitutive activation. Finally, these experiments demonstrate that constitutive CFTR activity can be accomplished by at least two mechanisms: (1) direct modulation of the R-domain to abrogate PKA regulation and (2) modifications that increase R-domain susceptibility to steady-state phosphorylation through PKA.
Magnesium alloys: Predicting in vivo corrosion with in vitro immersion testing (2012)

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been proposed as degradable replacements to commonly used orthopedic biomaterials such as titanium alloys and stainless steel. However, the corrosion of Mg in a physiological environment remains a difficult characteristic to accurately assess with in vitro methods. The aim of this study was to identify a simple in vitro immersion test that could provide corrosion rates similar to those observed in vivo. Pure Mg and five alloys (AZ31, Mg-0.8Ca, Mg-1Zn, Mg-1Mn, Mg-1.34Ca-3Zn) were immersed in either Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS), minimum essential medium (MEM), or MEM-containing 40 g/L bovine serum albumin (MEMp) for 7, 14, or 21 days before removal and assessment of corrosion by weight loss. This in vitro data was compared to in vivo corrosion rates of the same materials implanted in a subcutaneous environment in Lewis rats for equivalent time points. The results suggested that, for the alloys investigated, the EBSS buffered with sodium bicarbonate provides a rate of degradation comparable to those observed in vivo. In contrast, the addition of components such as (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES), vitamins, amino acids, and albumin significantly increased corrosion rates. Based on these findings, it is proposed that with this in vitro protocol, immersion of Mg alloys in EBSS can be used as a predictor of in vivo corrosion.
Co-stimulation lowers the threshold for activation of naive T cells by bacterial superantigens (1995)

Staphylococcus enterotoxins bind class II MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC) and stimulate T cells expressing appropriate V beta gene products. Although the role of non-TCR associated co-stimulatory receptors during antigen-specific T cell stimulation has been clearly established, the involvement of co-stimulatory activity in T cell activation by superantigens has been the matter of controversy. In this report, we examine the role of co-stimulation provided by selected APC populations in the response to bacterial exotoxins (staphylococcal enterotoxin A, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic shock syndrome type 1). We demonstrate that the APC population able to activate naive T cells to IL-2 production is heterogeneous, comprising both adherent (presumably dendritic) and non-adherent (mostly B lymphocytes) cells. By stimulating naive T cells in the presence of graded doses of superantigens, we have observed that half-maximal IL-2 production was achieved at lower doses of superantigens in the presence of dendritic cells. Similarly, addition of antibodies to CD28 or B7.1-transfected cell lines increased the sensitivity of naive T cells to lower doses of superantigens. These observations indicate therefore that superantigens can be presented to naive T cells by APC displaying distinct levels of co-stimulatory activity, although with different efficacy. Thus, naive T cells are sensitive to CD28-mediated co-stimulation during superantigen-mediated responses but IL-2 production can be induced by high doses of superantigens in the presence of APC expressing weak co-stimulatory activity. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that CD28-mediated signals participate in T cell activation by lowering T cell sensitivity to TCR ligands.
45/47 kilodalton (APA) antigen capture and antibody detection assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. (2000)

The sensitivities of the APA antigen detection assays were low (less than 40%) for a specificity of 95.6%, using either monoclonal antibodies or clinical specimens. The anti-APA serology was more sensitive (76.9% for PTM+ patients) but less specific (73.2%). Due to their poor predictive values, these tests cannot be recommended for the routine diagnosis of tuberculosis in Madagascar.