gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Complete cDNA Sequence and Expression of the First Major Allergenic Protein of Malassezia Furfur, Mal f 1 (1997)

For the first time the complete cDNA encoding a major allergen and novel protein of the yeast Malassezia furfur, Mal f 1, has been sequenced and expressed. The amino acid sequences of nine tryptic peptides of the protein were determined. Oligonucleotides were designed from these amino acid sequences. The cDNA sequence was obtained by hybridizing these primers to mRNA and enhancement by reverse-transcriptase PCR techniques. The cDNA is 1176 bp in length. It shows an open reading frame of 1050 bp coding for a protein of 38178 Da and a deduced amino acid sequence containing 350 residues. The hydropathy plot and the tryptic digest indicate that the first 22 amino acids represent a leader sequence determining a mature protein of 35 988 Da. The complete encoding cDNA was expressed as a maltose-binding protein fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant fusion protein reacted with our specific monoclonal antibody and with IgE from patients with atopic dermatitis.
Gastric emptying, glucose responses, and insulin secretion after a liquid test meal: effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients. (1996)

The aim of the study was to investigate whether inhibition of gastric emptying of meals plays a role in the mechanism of the blood glucose-lowering action of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide [GLP-1-(7-36) amide] in type 2 diabetes. Eight poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients (age, 58 +/- 6 yr; body mass index, 30.0 +/- 5.2 kg/m2; hemoglobin A1c, 10.5 +/- 1.2%) were studied in the fasting state (plasma glucose, 11.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/L). A liquid meal of 400 mL containing 8% amino acids and 50 g sucrose (327 Kcal) was administered at time zero by a nasogastric tube. Gastric volume was determined by a dye dilution technique using phenol red. In randomized order, GLP-1-(7-36) amide (1.2 pmol/kg.min; Saxon Biochemicals) or placebo (0.9% NaCl with 1% human serum albumin) was infused between -30 and 240 min. In the control experiment, gastric emptying was completed within 120 min, and plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1-(7-36) amide, and glucagon concentrations transiently increased. With exogenous GLP-1-(7-36) amide (plasma level, approximately 70 pmol/L), gastric volume remained constant over the period it was measured (120 min; P < 0.0001 vs. placebo), and plasma glucose fell to normal fasting values (5.4 +/- 0.7 mmol/L) within 3-4 h, whereas insulin was stimulated in most, but not all, patients, and glucagon remained at the basal level or was slightly suppressed. In conclusion, GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits gastric emptying in type 2 diabetic patients. Together with the stimulation of insulin and the inhibition of glucagon secretion, this effect probably contributes to the blood glucose-lowering action of GLP-1-(7-36) amide in type 2-diabetic patients when studied after meal ingestion. At the degree observed, inhibition of gastric emptying, however, must be overcome by tachyphylaxis, reduction in dose, or pharmacological interventions so as not to interfere with the therapeutic use of GLP-1-(7-36) amide in type 2 diabetic patients.
Zinc Exhibits Ideal Physiological Corrosion Behavior for Bioabsorbable Stents (2013)

Zinc is proposed as an exciting new biomaterial for use in bioabsorbable cardiac stents. Not only is zinc a physiologically relevant metal with behavior that promotes healthy vessels, but it combines the best behaviors of both current bioabsorbable stent materials: iron and magnesium. Shown here is a composite image of zinc degradation in a murine (rat) artery.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

The presence of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the bone marrow can be traced back to the late 19th century by the work of Goujon (1869) and Biakow (1870) in heterotopic transplantation of rabbit marrow. The defi nitive evidence that bone marrow includes some non-hematopoietic plastic adherent precursor cells was originally provided by Friedenstein and his colleagues, who demonstrated the ability of a rare population of plastic adherent cells (approximately 1 in 10,000 nucleated cells in the bone marrow) to form spindle-like and round-shaped colonies when whole bone marrowStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, China. aEmail: hcoohboy@163.com bEmail: yxlong2000@yahoo.com.cn cEmail: eliz994@yahoo.com.cn dEmail: xijiafei@gmail.com eEmail: peihy@hotmail.com fEmail: nirvanaseathunder@gmail.com gEmail: wenyue26@yahoo.com hEmail: peixt@nic.bmi.ac.cn *Corresponding authorscells were grown in medium supplemented with 10 percent selected fetal bovine serum. Friedenstein defi ned these fi broblast precursors as fi broblast colony-forming units (CFU-F), analogous to hematopoietic colony-forming units (Friedenstein et al. 1970). As other groups subsequently extended these initial observations, it was accepted that the CFU-F progenitors are multipotent and able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Arnold Caplan fi rst used the term mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, Caplan et al. 1991), based on the notion of a stromal stem cell proposed by Maureen Owen (Owen et al. 1987). So far, MSCs have been reported to isolate from several different connective tissues such as adipose tissue, muscle, placenta, umbilical cord matrix, blood, liver, and dental pulp, however, bone marrow is still one of the major sources for preclinical and clinical researches (Salem and Thiemermann 2010).
A Novel 8-mm Schlemm's Canal Scaffold Reduces Outflow Resistance in a Human Anterior Segment Perfusion Model (2013)

The increase in outflow facility and decrease in resistance supports the potential use of the Hydrus Microstent as a surgical option to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The IOP-lowering effect may be higher in eyes with higher outflow resistance (and IOP) as compared with eyes with lower outflow resistance (and IOP).
Risk Factors for Delayed Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2000)

A standard care regimen for diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers is most likely to be effective for patients who have wounds that are small and of brief duration. This information should help dermatologists decide initially whether to use standard care, to try a new treatment, or to refer the patient to a specialty center.
Noninvasive measurement of plasma glucose from exhaled breath in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects (2011)

Effective management of diabetes mellitus, affecting tens of millions of patients, requires frequent assessment of plasma glucose. Patient compliance for sufficient testing is often reduced by the unpleasantness of current methodologies, which require blood samples and often cause pain and skin callusing. We propose that the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be used as a novel, alternative, noninvasive means to monitor glycemia in these patients. Seventeen healthy (9 females and 8 males, 28.0 ± 1.0 yr) and eight type 1 diabetic (T1DM) volunteers (5 females and 3 males, 25.8 ± 1.7 yr) were enrolled in a 240-min triphasic intravenous dextrose infusion protocol (baseline, hyperglycemia, euglycemia-hyperinsulinemia). In T1DM patients, insulin was also administered (using differing protocols on 2 repeated visits to separate the effects of insulinemia on breath composition). Exhaled breath and room air samples were collected at 12 time points, and concentrations of ~100 VOCs were determined by gas chromatography and matched with direct plasma glucose measurements. Standard least squares regression was used on several subsets of exhaled gases to generate multilinear models to predict plasma glucose for each subject. Plasma glucose estimates based on two groups of four gases each (cluster A: acetone, methyl nitrate, ethanol, and ethyl benzene; cluster B: 2-pentyl nitrate, propane, methanol, and acetone) displayed very strong correlations with glucose concentrations (0.883 and 0.869 for clusters A and B, respectively) across nearly 300 measurements. Our study demonstrates the feasibility to accurately predict glycemia through exhaled breath analysis over a broad range of clinically relevant concentrations in both healthy and T1DM subjects.
Urate crystals stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor alpha from human blood monocytes and synovial cells. Cytokine mRNA and protein kinetics, and cellular distribution. (1991)

Crystals of monosodium urate (MSU) provide a dose-dependent stimulus for the production by human blood monocytes of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine with proinflammatory properties; TNF activity was inhibited selectively by monoclonal antibody to TNF alpha. Biologically active cell-associated TNF activity peaked at 3 h and was exceeded at 6 h by extracellular activity, which peaked at 12-18 h. Comparable kinetics were observed with immunoreactive TNF alpha. TNF alpha mRNA accumulation in monocytes stimulated with MSU crystals appeared as a single peak at 2-4 h, kinetics compatible with rapid production of a short half-life transcript. In contrast, crystals of calcium pyrophosphate or of hydroxyapatite did not stimulate significant production of TNF or of message. Fresh tophaceous material from a patient with gout contained significant levels of TNF alpha and cells cultured from the tophus produced TNF alpha in vitro. In rheumatoid synovial cells, spontaneous release of TNF alpha was increased by in vitro exposure to MSU crystals. Taken together with earlier work, these results support an expanded view of gouty inflammation in which the crystal-stimulated production of cytokines provides a crucial link between crystal deposition and many of the clinical and pathological facts of both acute and chronic gouty arthritis.
Shades of Gray and Colour Constancy (2004)

Colour constancy is a central problem for any visual system performing a task which requires stable perception of the colour world. To solve the colour constancy problem we estimate the colour of the prevailing light and then, at the second stage, remove it.Two of the most commonly used simple techniques for estimating the colour of the light are the Grey-World and Max-RGB algorithms. In this paper we begin by observing that this two colour constancy computations will respectively return the right answer if the average scene colour is grey or the maximum is white (and conversely, the degree of failure is proportional to the extent that these assumptions hold). We go on to ask the following question: &#x201C;Would we perform better colour constancy by assuming the scene average is some shade of grey?&#x201D;. We give a mathematical answer to this question. Firstly, we show that Max-RGB and Grey-World are two instantiations of Minkowski norm. Secondly, that for a large calibrated dataset L6 norm colour constancy works best overall (we have improved the performance achieved by a simple normalization based approach). Surprisingly we found performance to be similar to more elaborated algorithm.
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on three-dimensional polymer scaffolds (2003)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells hold promise as an unlimited source of cells for transplantation therapies. However, control of their proliferation and differentiation into complex, viable 3D tissues is challenging. Here we examine the use of biodegradable polymer scaffolds for promoting hES cell growth and differentiation and formation of 3D structures. We show that complex structures with features of various committed embryonic tissues can be generated, in vitro, by using early differentiating hES cells and further inducing their differentiation in a supportive 3D environment such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) polymer scaffolds. We found that hES cell differentiation and organization can be influenced by the scaffold and directed by growth factors such as retinoic acid, transforming growth factor beta, activin-A, or insulin-like growth factor. These growth factors induced differentiation into 3D structures with characteristics of developing neural tissues, cartilage, or liver, respectively. In addition, formation of a 3D vessel-like network was observed. When transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice, the constructs continue to express specific human proteins in defined differentiated structures and appear to recruit and anastamose with the host vasculature. This approach provides a unique culture system for addressing questions in cell and developmental biology, and provides a potential mechanism for creating viable human tissue structures for therapeutic applications.
Regioselective Alkylation of β-Cyclodextrin (1998)

Methodology for preparation of heptakis(2,6-di- O -alkyl)-ß-cyclodextrins, heptakis(2- O -alkyl)-ß- cyclodextrins, and heptakis(6- O -alkyl)-ß-cyclodextrins in substantially purified form has been developed. Treatment of ß-cyclodextrin (1) with sodium or barium hydroxide and various alkyl halides in dimethyl sulfoxide or a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N -dimethylformamide provided the corresponding heptakis(2,6-di- O -alkyl)-ß-cyclodextrins. Treatment of heptakis(6- O -t-butyldimethylsilyl)-ß-cyclodextrin (5) with sodium hydroxide and several haloalkanes in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by desilylation provided heptakis(2- O -alkyl)-ß-cyclodextrins. Protection of the secondary hydroxy groups of the t-butyldimethylsilyl-ß-cyclodextrin (5) as benzyl ethers, followed by desilylation, alkylation, and debenzylation afforded several heptakis(6- O -alkyl)-ß-cyclodextrins. Analytical methodology has been developed to characterize all of these compounds, with the homogeneity of the pattern of substitution verified by h.p.l.c. analysis, f.a.b.–mass spectrometry and n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Excipients and Their Role in Approved Injectable Products: Current Usage and Future Directions (2011)

Excipients are added to parenteral dosage forms to serve a variety of functions including stabilization and as vehicles. This review article is a survey of excipients used in approved injectable products. Information provided includes excipient concentrations, functional roles, and frequency of use. This article is an update of an article originally published over a decade ago. Since then new products have been approved and safety concerns have evolved as the scientific community has learned about the usage of excipients. In addition, new excipients are being used in early phases of clinical trials to support novel therapeutic entities such as RNAi, aptamers, anti-sense, fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and variant scaffolds. Because these excipients are not inert, various pharmacopoeias are responding with monographs or informational chapters addressing excipient functionality. The final sections of this article discuss new excipients, serving specific needs that traditional excipients are unable to provide and for which safety studies are necessary to support a novel excipient for marketing applications.
Benzoyl peroxide as a crosslinking agent for polyethylene (1987)

Abstract The efficiency of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a crosslinking agent for polyethylene (PE) was studied as a function of concentration and temperature in relation with the resin melt flow index and particle size. The investigation can lead to the selection of suitable materials and operating conditions for a proper crosslinking process. The decomposition characteristics of the initiator studied can be regulated in order to allow faster production rates when crosslinked PE are prepared by injection molding.
Adenylyl imidiodiphosphate, an adenosine triphosphate analog containing a P-N-P linkage (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdenylyl imidiodiphosphate, an adenosine triphosphate analog containing a P-N-P linkageRalph G. Yount, Donner Babcock, William Ballantyne, and Deanna OjalaCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 13, 2484–2489Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00789a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00789a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1263Altmetric-Citations407LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ternary combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil-folinic acid and oxaliplatin: results on human colon cancer cell lines (2001)

A marked antitumour efficacy is currently obtained by oxaliplatin (LOHP)-fluorouracil (FU)-folinic acid (FA) combination and by CPT11-FU-FA combination. Logically, the triple association LOHP, CPT11 and FUFA will be soon tested in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to compare two schedules combining SN38 (the active metabolite of CPT11, irinotecan) with FU-FA and LOHP. The two schedules differed by the SN38 position. The relative contribution of each drug in the resulting global cytotoxicity was evaluated. Two human colon cancer cell lines were used (WIDR and SW620 both p53 mutated). LOHP plus FA were applied for 2 h, just before a 48 h FU exposure. The SN38 sequence was applied for 24 h, starting either 48 h before LOHP-FA (schedule A), or just after LOHP-FA exposure (schedule B). Cytotoxicity was assessed by the 3-(4,5-demethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and drug interactions were analysed according to the Chou and Talalay method, based on the computation of a combination index (CI). The SN38 position significantly induces a shift from additivity-antagonism when SN38 was applied after LOHP, towards additivity-synergism when SN38 was applied first (P = 0.03). The relative contribution (RC) of each drug in the overall cytotoxicity of the triple combination was defined as the drug concentration giving 50% cell lethality (IC(50)) of the double association without that drug divided by the IC(50)of the triple association. Whatever the SN38 position, the larger contribution was made by LOHP (median RC = 2.4) and the smaller by SN38 (median RC = 1.1). In addition, the contribution of FUFA was improved when SN38 was applied first (median RC = 2.2) as compared to the opposite schedule (median RC = 1.2). Results were in agreement between the two explored cell lines. The present data should be taken into account when establishing the rationale of future trials combining CPT11, LOHP and FU-FA.
Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to gp41-Derived Inhibitory Peptides (1998)

A synthetic peptide, DP178, containing amino acids 127 to 162 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 Env glycoprotein, is a potent inhibitor of virus infection and virus mediated cell-to-cell fusion (C. Wild, T. Greenwell, and T. Matthews, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 9:1051-1053, 1993). In an effort to understand the mechanism of action of this peptide, we derived resistant variants of HIV-1(IIIB) and NL4-3 by serial virus passage in the presence of increasing doses of the peptide. Sequence analysis of the resistant isolates suggested that a contiguous 3-amino-acid sequence within the amino-terminal heptad repeat motif of gp41 was associated with resistance. Site-directed mutagenesis studies confirmed this observation and indicated that changes in two of these three residues were necessary for development of the resistant phenotype. Direct binding of DP178 to recombinant protein and synthetic peptide analogs containing the wild-type and mutant heptad repeat sequences revealed a strong correlation between DP178 binding and the biological sensitivity of the corresponding virus isolates to DP178. The results are discussed from the standpoints of the mechanism of action of DP178 and recent crystallographic information for a core structure of the gp41 ectodomain.
Differential antiproliferative activities of IFNs alpha, beta and gamma: kinetics of establishment of their antiproliferative effects and the rapid development of resistance to IFNs alpha and beta. (1989)

Interferons have been recognized to have potent in vitro antiproliferative activities in mouse and human systems. To further investigate the kinetics of development of interferons' antiproliferative activities, mouse B-16 melanoma cells were treated with MuIFN-alpha, MuIFN-beta or MuIFN-gamma for various initial periods of time during an 8 day cloning assay. With MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta treatments, maximal expression of antiproliferative activity was attained with 2 to 4 days of interferon treatment. In contrast, with MuIFN-gamma treatment, expression of antiproliferative activity increased with progressively longer periods of time of MuIFN-gamma treatment. These results suggested that B-16 melanoma cells were initially sensitive to all three of the interferons but rapidly became resistant to MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta after 2 to 4 days of treatment. This suggestion was confirmed by cell growth kinetics experiments. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activity of the MuIFN-alpha remained sensitive to the antiviral activity of MuIFN-alpha, suggesting that MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta regulate their antiviral and antiproliferative responses via different mechanisms. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activities of MuIFN-alpha and MuIFN-beta remained sensitive to MuIFN-gamma, suggesting that they were not generally resistant to antiproliferative effects. The cells which were resistant to the antiproliferative activities of the interferons gradually lost their resistance with a half-life of 11 days when they were cultured in the absence of interferons. The differential antiproliferative actions of alpha, beta and gamma interferons observed with murine B-16 melanoma were confirmed in the human system with G-361 melanoma cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk primary and resected metastatic melanoma (2003)

Patients with thick, primary melanoma and regional lymph-node metastases are at moderate to high risk of recurrence and death, despite apparent complete surgical removal. Immune responses can be demonstrated against melanoma and this has prompted the conduct of a number of randomized trials of immunotherapy. Several trials have been completed and show minimal benefit in prolonging survival or recurrence from melanoma. Similarly, a large number of trials has been conducted to test the efficacy of alpha-2-interferon (IFN-alpha2) in therapy. Clear benefit in recurrence-free survival was shown in several trials, however there is a lack of convincing evidence of an effect on overall survival. Several trials of vaccine and IFN-alpha2 therapy are still in progress and their results are awaited with great interest. The use of high-dose IFN-alpha2 therapy remains a contentious subject, however available evidence suggests the standard of care remains good surgical management.