gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium Phosphate‐Based Resorbable Ceramics: Influence of MgO, ZnO, and SiO 2 Dopants (2006)

Resorbable calcium phosphate (CaP)‐based biomaterials are important because they can significantly improve health care by shortening the time necessary for restoration of functional loading of grafted bones. Although synthetic CaPs show exceptional similarities to natural bone, however, they are deficient in one major area, in that they do not have the same mineral content of bone. The focus of our work is to understand the influence of dopants on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) resorbable ceramics with special emphasis toward in vitro strength degradation and cell–materials interactions as a function of time. For this purpose, β‐TCP was doped with magnesia (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silica (SiO 2 ). Those dopants were added as individual dopants, and their binary and ternary compositions. It was found that these dopants significantly influenced densification behavior and as sintered microstructures of TCP. In vitro mineralization studies in simulated body fluids (SBF) for 12 weeks showed apatite growth on the highly porous compositions either on the surface or inside. From scanning electron microscopic analysis it was evident that surface degradation occurred on all compositions in SBF. Compression strengths for samples up to 12 weeks in SBF showed that it is possible to tailor strength loss behavior through compositional modifications. The highest compression strength was found for binary MgO–ZnO doped TCP. Overall, samples showed either a similar strength level during the 12 weeks test period, or a continuous decrease or a continuous increase in strength depending on dopant chemistry or amount. In vitro human osteoblast cell culture was used to determine influence of dopants on cell‐materials interactions. All samples were non‐toxic and biocompatible. Dopant chemistry also influenced adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic precursor cell line 1 (OPC1) cells on these matrices.
Reproducibility and Sensitivity of Oral Malodor Measurements with a Portable Sulphide Monitor (1991)

Forty-one subjects with bad breath were assessed for oral malodor and periodontal status on three occasions, at intervals of approximately one week. Oral malodor was assessed by measurement of peak and steady-state volatile sulphide levels with a portable sulphide monitor and by organoleptic measurement of whole-mouth, tongue dorsum, and interproximal dental odors by two independent judges. Reproducibility of measurements, assessed by paired t tests and Kappa testing, demonstrated no significant differences between any of the test results from the first and second appointments. Steady-state sulphide levels were the most reproducible of all tests. The ability of the tests to detect an expected reduction of malodor following a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse regimen was investigated by comparison of test values between the second and third appointments. Following the mouthrinsing treatment, 43% reductions of peak, 47% reductions of steady-state volatile sulphide levels, and 15-58% reductions in all other measurement categories were observed. The majority of the participants (22/41) had no pockets greater than 5 mm and exhibited both moderate gingival inflammation (Mean Gingival Index = 1.17) and moderate plaque accumulation (Mean Plaque Index = 1.84). Plaque Index and presence of pockets greater than 7 mm were weakly related to sulphide measurements. Whereas assessment of steady-state sulphide levels by the sulphide monitor does not constitute a direct measure of oral malodor, its relation to organoleptic measurement, superior reproducibility, objectivity, and sensitivity support the use of the sulphide monitor in clinical studies.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Constitutively Active in Advanced Prostate Cancer Cells (2014)

Together, these results show that AhR is constitutively active in advanced prostate cancer cell lines that model hormone refractory prostate cancer. Chemical ablation of AhR signaling can reduce the growth of advanced prostate cancer cells, an effect not achieved with androgen receptor inhibitors or growth in androgen depleted media.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Haemolytic Saponins (2002)

The haemolytic activity of 59 samples, natural or partially synthetic pure saponins and mixtures thereof, was determined. The tested saponins possessed triterpenic genins and six structural skeleton types were studied. Structure-activity relationships were established by comparison of the functional groups of each saponin and of the branched sugar chains attached to aglycone. The haemolytic activity is shown to depend on the number of sugar units in the chains, as well as on the presence of an osidic chain in position 3 or of functional groups on the genin such as carboxylic or 16a-OH. Comparison of activities of monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic saponins showed that monodesmosidic saponins were generally more active and suggested a polar balance between the two sugar chains at positions 3 and 28. Twelve saponins showed strong haemolytic activity and five possessed a Haemolytic Index (HI) greater than 100,000, such as the a- and ß-aescines (HI: 200,000).
CapSelect: A highly sensitive method for 5' CAP-dependent enrichment of full-length cDNA in PCR-mediated analysis of mRNAs (1999)

Here we present CapSelect as a novel experimental approach for the selective enrichment of full-length cDNAs in PCR-mediated analysis of mRNA sequences. The method combines the 5'-CAP-dependent addition of specifically three to four non-templated dCMP residues to the 3'-end of full-length cDNAs by reverse transcriptases in the presence of manganese and the controlled ribonucleotide tailing of cDNA ends by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase using rATP. By virtue of the generated terminal sequence motif (5'-dC(3-4)rA(3-4)), full-length cDNAs are selectively anchored to a double-stranded DNA adapter (with a dT(3-4)dG(3)3'-overhang) by T4 DNA ligase. The technique described is highly efficient, discriminates premature termination products and enriches full-length cDNAs.
Identification of Active Site Residues of the Tsp Protease (1995)

In a search for active-site residues of the Tsp protease, 20 positions were individually mutated to alanine, the mutant strains were assayed for growth defects in vivo, and the purified proteins were assayed for proteolytic activity in vitro. Alanine substitutions at three positions, Ser-430, Asp-441, and Lys-455, result in inactive proteases that have structures and substrate-binding properties similar to wild type, suggesting that the side chains at these positions participate in catalysis. Replacing Ser-430 with cysteine results in a partially active protease, which is inhibited by cysteine-modifying reagents. Replacing Asp-441 with asparagine does not significantly affect activity. However, other residues, including histidine and arginine, cannot functionally replace Lys-455. These data are consistent with a serine-lysine dyad mechanism, similar to those proposed for the LexA-like proteases, the type I signal peptidases, and the class A beta-lactamases.
Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation Using Bilateral Motion Estimation and Adaptive Overlapped Block Motion Compensation (2007)

In this work, we develop a new motion-compe (MC) interpolation algorithm to enhance the temporal resolution of video sequences. First, we propose the bilateral motion estimation scheme to obtain the motion field of an interpolated frame without yielding the hole and overlapping problems. Then, we partition a frame into several object regions by clustering motion vectors. We apply the variable-size block MC (VS-BMC) algorithm to object boundaries in order to reconstruct edge information with a higher quality. Finally, we use the adaptive overlapped block MC (OBMC), which adjusts the coefficients of overlapped windows based on the reliabilities of neighboring motion vectors. The adaptive OBMC (AOBMC) can overcome the limitations of the conventional OBMC, such as over-smoothing and poor de-blocking. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a better image quality than conventional methods both objectively and subjectively
Biozide polymere, 6. Synthese und polymerisation von acryl‐ und methacrylsäurederivaten des 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazols (1982)

Abstract Preparation and characterization (by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy) of isomeric methacrylic acid and acrylic acid derivatives of the herbicide 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐traizole are described. Their radical polymerization and copolymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate give polymers containing the herbicide moiety as pendant groups bound via acyl groups at the amino group or at the ring nitrogen. The reactivity ratios were determined for the isomeric methacrylic compounds.
The complete amino acid sequence of prochymosin. (1977)

The total sequence of 365 amino acid residues in bovine prochymosin is presented. Alignment with the amino acid sequence of porcine pepsinogen shows that 204 amino acid residues are common to the two zymogens. Further comparison and alignment with the amino acid sequence of penicillopepsin shows that 66 residues are located at identical positions in all three proteases. The three enzymes belong to a large group of proteases with two aspartate residues in the active center. This group forms a family derived from one common ancestor.
T cell recognition of penicillin G: Structural features determining antigenic specificity (1996)

Penicillin G (Pen G) and other beta-lactam antibiotics frequently induce allergic reactions constituting typical examples of human immune responses to haptens. In fact, penicillins represent a unique set of haptens with outstanding structural variability on the basis of an identical protein-reactive beta-lactam containing backbone. Although both cellular and humoral responses are involved in drug-induced allergies, little is known about the T cell reactivity to penicillins. To understand which structural features determine antigenic specificity, we isolated a panel of MHC-restricted, Pen G-reactive T cell clones from different penicillin-allergic patients and tested them for their capacity to proliferate in the presence of other penicillin derivatives. We found that the antigenic epitope consists of both the amide-linked side chain, which is different in every member of the penicillin family, as well as the thiazolidine ring common to all penicillin derivatives. We also demonstrated the presence of two different types of penicillin-specific T cells, one dependent, and the other independent of antigen processing by autologous antigen-presenting cells. Our data strongly suggest that penicillins form part of the epitopes contacting the antigen receptors of T cells.
Coupled Geomechanical, Thermal and Fluid Flow Modelling as an Aid toIimproving Waterflood Sweep Efficiency (1994)

Abstract Generic studies, involving coupled geomechanical, thermal and flow modelling, together with empirical field data, have elicited the concept that preferred directionality in oilfield waterflooding is stress-related and progressive with time. Specific field applications have illustrated the importance of mechanical and hydraulic interactions between wells, and of the characteristics of natural fractures.
The modular architecture of protein–protein binding interfaces (2004)

Protein-protein interactions are essential for life. Yet, our understanding of the general principles governing binding is not complete. In the present study, we show that the interface between proteins is built in a modular fashion; each module is comprised of a number of closely interacting residues, with few interactions between the modules. The boundaries between modules are defined by clustering the contact map of the interface. We show that mutations in one module do not affect residues located in a neighboring module. As a result, the structural and energetic consequences of the deletion of entire modules are surprisingly small. To the contrary, within their module, mutations cause complex energetic and structural consequences. Experimentally, this phenomenon is shown on the interaction between TEM1-beta-lactamase and beta-lactamase inhibitor protein (BLIP) by using multiple-mutant analysis and x-ray crystallography. Replacing an entire module of five interface residues with Ala created a large cavity in the interface, with no effect on the detailed structure of the remaining interface. The modular architecture of binding sites, which resembles human engineering design, greatly simplifies the design of new protein interactions and provides a feasible view of how these interactions evolved.
Mouse genetics: Catalogue and scissors (2012)

Phenotypic analysis of gene-specific knockout (KO) mice has revolutionized our understanding of in vivo gene functions. As the use of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is inevitable for conventional gene targeting, the generation of knockout mice remains a very time-consuming and expensive process. To accelerate the large-scale production and phenotype analyses of KO mice, international efforts have organized global consortia such as the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) and International Mouse Phenotype Consortium (IMPC), and they are persistently expanding the KO mouse catalogue that is publicly available for the researches studying specific genes of interests in vivo. However, new technologies, adopting zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) or Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) Nucleases (TALENs) to edit the mouse genome, are now emerging as valuable and effective shortcuts alternative for the conventional gene targeting using ES cells. Here, we introduce the recent achievement of IKMC, and evaluate the significance of ZFN/TALEN technology in mouse genetics.
How to Generate Cryptographically Strong Sequences of Pseudorandom Bits (1984)

We give a set of conditions that allow one to generate 50–50 unpredictable bits.Based on those conditions, we present a general algorithmic scheme for constructing polynomial-time deterministic algorithms that stretch a short secret random input into a long sequence of unpredictable pseudo-random bits. We give an implementation of our scheme and exhibit a pseudo-random bit generator for which any efficient strategy for predicting the next output bit with better than 50–50 chance is easily transformable to an “equally efficient” algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem. In particular: if the discrete logarithm problem cannot be solved in probabilistic polynomial time, no probabilistic polynomial-time algorithm can guess the next output bit better than by flipping a coin: if “head” guess “0”, if “tail” guess “1”
Assembly of focal adhesions: progress, paradigms, and portents (1996)

Receptor-mediated assembly of an adhesion plaque occurs through an ordered series of steps, and intermediate assemblies can be identified. The recent demonstration of some of these partial reactions in permeabilized cells predicts that cell-free reconstitution of adhesion plaque assembly is an attainable goal. Newly discovered cryptic actin-binding sites in vinculin and ezrin, two proteins recruited to adhesion sites, suggest that actin-binding proteins are targets for the signals generated by adhesion receptors.
Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces innate immune responses similar to a live viral vaccine in humans (2011)

Adjuvants are critical for the success of vaccines. Agonists of microbial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are promising new adjuvant candidates. A mechanism through which adjuvants enhance immune responses is to stimulate innate immunity. We studied the innate immune response in humans to synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly IC] stabilized with poly-L-lysine [poly ICLC]), an agonist for toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, and the cytosolic RNA helicase MDA-5. Transcriptional analysis of blood samples from eight volunteers, after subcutaneous administration of poly ICLC, showed up-regulation of genes involved in multiple innate immune pathways in all subjects, including interferon (IFN) and inflammasome signaling. Blocking type I IFN receptor ex vivo significantly dampened the response to poly IC. Comparative transcriptional analysis showed that several innate immune pathways were similarly induced in volunteers immunized with the highly efficacious yellow fever vaccine. Therefore, a chemically defined PRR agonist like poly ICLC can be a reliable and authentic microbial mimic for inducing innate immune responses in humans.
Cameron: high level language compilation for reconfigurable systems (1999)

This paper presents the Cameron Project, which aims to provide a high level, algorithmic language and optimizing compiler for the development of image processing applications on reconfigurable computing systems (RCSs). SA-C, a single assignment variant of the C programming language, is designed to exploit both coarse-grain and fine-grain parallelism in image processing applications. Khoros, a software development environment commonly used for image processing, has been modified to support SA-C program development. SA-C supports image processing with true multidimensional arrays, and with sophisticated array access and windowing mechanisms. Reduction operators such as medians and histograms are also provided. The optimizing compiler targets RCSs, which are fine-grained parallel processors made up of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), memories and interconnection hardware. They can be used as inexpensive co-processors with conventional workstations or PCs. This paper discusses compiler optimizations to generate optimal FPGA code using dataflow analysis techniques applied to data dependence graphs. Initial results are presented.
Surgical treatment of complicated cases of refractory glaucoma (2000)

目的:探讨玻璃体切割经睫状体扁平部植入房水引流物联合手术,治疗难治性青光眼复杂病例的可能性,为这类青光眼的治疗提供新的手段.方法:对10例由于多次眼前段手术眼前部球结膜及巩膜组织结构破坏或由于手术、炎症及其他原因导致扁平前房,眼前段解剖关系已改变,从而失去行传统前路抗青光眼手术机会的复杂性青光眼进行了针对性的联合手术治疗.其中4例前房消失,晶体混浊者接受了晶体咬切、玻璃体切除联合行扁平部房水引流物植入术.2例合并有玻璃体出血者接受了玻璃体切除联合行扁平部房水引流物植入术.3例既往已行晶体摘除及玻璃体切除者则单纯行扁平部房水引流物植入术,术后追踪时间为6～21月.结果:术后最后二次的复查结果显示,10例病例中有6例在未用任何抗青光眼药物条件下眼压控制在21mmHg(2.793kPa)以下.另2例在加用局部抗青光眼药物条件下眼压控制在21mmHg以下.8例术后视力保持稳定或提高,1例由于迟发性脉络膜上腔出血,1例由于牵引性视网膜脱离视力下降或丧失.结论:玻璃体切除联合经睫状体扁平部房水引流物植入术为难治性青光眼中复杂病例的手术治疗提供了可能.根据患者具体情况针对性的设计及实施联合手术,为这类青光眼的治疗提供了新的手段.
Interlocking Feedback Loops Govern the Dynamic Behavior of the Floral Transition inArabidopsis (2013)

During flowering, primordia on the flanks of the shoot apical meristem are specified to form flowers instead of leaves. Like many plants, Arabidopsis thaliana integrates environmental and endogenous signals to control the timing of reproduction. To study the underlying regulatory logic of the floral transition, we used a combination of modeling and experiments to define a core gene regulatory network. We show that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) act through FD and FD PARALOG to regulate the transition. The major floral meristem identity gene LEAFY (LFY) directly activates FD, creating a positive feedback loop. This network predicts flowering behavior for different genotypes and displays key properties of the floral transition, such as signal integration and irreversibility. Furthermore, modeling suggests that the control of TFL1 is important to flexibly counterbalance incoming FT signals, allowing a pool of undifferentiated cells to be maintained despite strong differentiation signals in nearby cells. This regulatory system requires TFL1 expression to rise in proportion to the strength of the floral inductive signal. In this network, low initial levels of LFY or TFL1 expression are sufficient to tip the system into either a stable flowering or vegetative state upon floral induction.
Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma (2016)

Curcuma, a valuable genus in the family Zingiberaceae, includes approximately 110 species. These plants are native to Southeast Asia and are extensively cultivated in India, China, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Peru, Australia, and the West Indies. The plants have long been used in folk medicine to treat stomach ailments, stimulate digestion, and protect the digestive organs, including the intestines, stomach, and liver. In recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in investigations regarding the chemical and pharmacological properties, as well as in clinical trials of certain Curcuma species. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on the chemistry and briefly discusses the biological activities of Curcuma species. A total of 720 compounds, including 102 diphenylalkanoids, 19 phenylpropene derivatives, 529 terpenoids, 15 flavonoids, 7 steroids, 3 alkaloids, and 44 compounds of other types isolated or identified from 32 species, have been phytochemically investigated. The biological activities of plant extracts and pure compounds are classified into 15 groups in detail, with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
Multisite and Multicomponent Approach for the Stable Isotope Analysis of Aromas and Essential Oils (1995)

The application of Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation studied by 2H-NMR to the authentication of flavours and fragrances is illustrated in the case of terpenoid metabolites issued from the mevalonic pathway. NMR spectroscopy offers a multi-site approach to the study of the isotopic fractionation which occurs between the different isotopomers of a given chemical species, geraniol, linalool, (and their esters), citral limonene, pinenes, carvone, camphor, menthone. An isotopic genealogy may be established between the parent compounds and their descendants. The NMR multi-site procedure is refined by the multi-component approach provided by the coupling of 13C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry with a gas chromatograph and a combustion interface (GC-C-IRMS). Indeed, for a given series of plants, it is possible to study both the 2H isotopomers of the major constituents and the overall 13C contents of most of the components of the essential oil considered. The δ13C values given by GC-C-IRMS must be weighted by a precise mass-balance of the oil. Typical examples are presented for carvones, linalools and limonenes found in plants of different origins. It is shown that the carbon fractionation of a metabolite depends closely on the conversion rate of its precursor.
TIME and SEQUENCE DEPENDENT INFLUENCE OF IN VITRO PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) SURVIVAL BY HYPERTHERMIA (1985)

Abstract— Experimental mouse mammary tumor cells (EMT‐6) were subjected to PDT (30 u‐g/mt DHE,620–640 nm at 3.94 mW/cnr) and hyperthermia (45.2°C, Haake FK 2 waterbath) for varying lengths of time and sequences. The results show that the two modalities interact in a manner which is more cytotoxic than the sum of the individual treatments, and the sequence of administration is a determining factor in the degree of interaction. The greatest potentiation of PDT is seen when hyperthermia is administered immediately after PDT. Introducing a time interval at 37°C, between treatments, leads to a rapid loss of interaction. Analysis of dose‐response curves reveals a return of the shoulder and an increase in the D., after various incubation periods at 37°C. These data suggest that the cells accumulate and demonstrate recovery from sub‐lethal damage and also develop a tolerance to a second challenge. The appearance of stress proteins was also detected after PDT treatments, which may account for some of the phenomena observed.