gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction of Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-6 α-Receptors (2016)

The cytokines Interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-6 are important mediators that regulate differentiation and proliferation of immune cells. Both cytokines bind to unique non-signaling α-receptors (IL-11R and IL-6R, respectively), and the resulting cytokine/cytokine receptor complexes recruit a homodimer of the signal-transducing β-receptor glycoprotein (gp)130. Gp130 is expressed ubiquitously, whereas both α-receptors show a cell- and tissue-specific expression pattern, thus determining cellular responsiveness towards IL-6 and/or IL-11. Formation of the signaling complexes activates intracellular signaling cascades, most prominently the Janus kinase (Jak)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway. In a recent paper published in Biochimie, we analyzed the signaling capacity of eight chimeric receptors consisting of different domains of IL-11R and IL-6R. Our results showed that the intracellular region, the transmembrane region or the stalk region can be swapped between the two receptors, as they are not essential to discriminate between the two cytokines. Selectivity of the two receptors is exclusively warranted by the cytokine binding module (CBM), which resides within the domains D1 to D3. These results underline a modular organization of IL-11R and IL-6R and a comparable signal transduction of both cytokines.
A new class of organized self-assembled monolayers: alkane thiols on gallium arsenide(100) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new class of organized self-assembled monolayers: alkane thiols on gallium arsenide(100)C. Wade Sheen, Jing Xuan Shi, Jan Maartensson, Atul N. Parikh, and David L. AllaraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4, 1514–1515Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00030a076RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Highly Efficient Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Lime‐Preconditioned Phosphogypsum (2022)

Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) modified by milk of lime (namely lime‐preconditioned phosphogypsum, PPG) is investigated to evaluate the adsorption thereof for removing Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution. The experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption temperature, initial CR concentration and contact time, are carefully studied in the batch system. FT‐IR, XRD, BET and SEM are used to characterize the structure and morphology of PPG in the various conditions. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm of PPG onto CR from aqueous solution are fitted using quasi‐first‐order and quasi‐second‐order kinetic equations, and Langmuir and Freundlich models, respectively. The quasi‐second‐order kinetic equation is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of CR by PPG than the quasi‐first‐order kinetic equation. The equilibrium data of CR is found to best fit to the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity for CR achieved 79.5 mg/g according to Langmuir model. Further, the thermodynamic results show that the adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. Meanwhile, desorption experiments are performed to verify and reveal the adsorption behavior. And the packed micro‐channel is firstly applied to remove CR from aqueous solution. Finally, the adsorption mechanism is speculated according the structure of CR and PPG. PG can be employed as waste‐recycling alternatives for recalcitrant dye removal from aqueous solution.
Mutations in the Amino Terminus of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Enhance Endocytosis (2005)

Efficient endocytosis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is mediated by a tyrosine-based internalization signal in the CFTR carboxyl-terminal tail 1424YDSI1427. In the present studies, two naturally occurring cystic fibrosis mutations in the amino terminus of CFTR, R31C, and R31L were examined. To determine the defect that these mutations cause, the Arg-31 mutants were expressed in COS-7 cells and their biogenesis and trafficking to the cell surface tested in metabolic pulse-chase and surface biotinylation assays, respectively. The results indicated that both Arg-31 mutants were processed to band C at approximately 50% the efficiency of the wild-type protein. However, once processed and delivered to the cell surface, their half-lives were the same as wild-type protein. Interestingly, indirect immunofluorescence and cell surface biotinylation indicated that the surface pool was much smaller than could be accounted for based on the biogenesis defect alone. Therefore, the Arg-31 mutants were tested in internalization assays and found to be internalized at 2x the rate of the wild-type protein. Patch clamp and 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium analysis confirmed reduced amounts of functional Arg-31 channels at the cell surface. Together, the results suggest that both R31C and R31L mutations compromise biogenesis and enhance internalization of CFTR. These two additive effects contribute to the loss of surface expression and the associated defect in chloride conductance that is consistent with a disease phenotype.
Methylaminomethylsuccinic Acid (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylaminomethylsuccinic AcidFrederick C. UhleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 4081–4083Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a522https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a522research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A survey of Web cache replacement strategies (2003)

Web caching is an important technique to scale the Internet. One important performance factor of Web caches is the replacement strategy. Due to specific characteristics of the World Wide Web, there exist a huge number of proposals for cache replacement. This article proposes a classification for these proposals that subsumes prior classifications. Using this classification, different proposals and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of cache replacement strategies in modern proxy caches and outlines potential future research topics.
Introduction to Inverse Problems in Imaging (1998)

This is a graduate textbook on the principles of linear inverse problems, methods of their approximate solution, and practical application in imaging. The level of mathematical treatment is kept as low as possible to make the book suitable for a wide range of readers from different backgrounds in science and engineering. Mathematical prerequisites are first courses in analysis, geometry, linear algebra, probability theory, and Fourier analysis. The authors concentrate on presenting easily implementable and fast solution algorithms. With examples and exercises throughout, the book will provide the reader with the appropriate background for a clear understanding of the essence of inverse problems (ill-posedness and its cure) and, consequently, for an intelligent assessment of the rapidly growing literature on these problems.
A multicomponent system that degrades proteins conjugated to ubiquitin. Resolution of factors and evidence for ATP-dependent complex formation. (1988)

It was found previously that proteins conjugated to ubiquitin are degraded by an ATP-dependent enzyme system, but the mode of action of this system was unknown. We have resolved from reticulocyte extracts three factors that are required for the ATP-dependent breakdown of 125I-lysozyme-ubiquitin conjugates. Two of the factors interact with ATP, as shown by their protection against heat inactivation by the nucleotide. When the three factors are incubated with 125I-lysozyme-ubiquitin conjugates and ATP, there is a lag of 4-6 min in the formation of acid-soluble products before the onset of rapid proteolysis. The lag can be abolished by incubation of the three factors with MgATP prior to the addition of the substrate. This "activation" process does not take place if any of the three factors is omitted from preincubation (and added subsequently) or when ATP is replaced by a nonhydrolyzable analog. Analysis of size distribution by glycerol density gradient centrifugation showed that following incubation of the three factors with MgATP, a high molecular mass (greater than 1000 kDa) activity is formed. That the high molecular weight form is a complex of the three factors is indicated by the finding that its formation is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the levels of the free forms of all three factors. Complex formation seems to be similar to the activation process with regard to time course, requirements for ATP and Mg2+, partial effect of CTP, and lack of effect of nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs. It is suggested that one role of ATP in conjugate breakdown is the formation of an active multienzyme complex.
Functional Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Controlled Loading and Targeted Delivery of Mixed Anticancer Drugs (2009)

A simple synthetic route for the preparation of functional nanoscale graphene oxide (NGO), a novel nanocarrier for the loading and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, is reported. The NGO is functionalized with sulfonic acid groups, which render it stable in physiological solution, followed by covalent binding of folic acid (FA) molecules to the NGO, thus allowing it to specifically target MCF-7 cells, human breast cancer cells with FA receptors. Furthermore, controlled loading of two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and camptothecin (CPT), onto the FA-conjugated NGO (FA-NGO) via pi-pi stacking and hydrophobic interactions is investigated. It is demonstrated that FA-NGO loaded with the two anticancer drugs shows specific targeting to MCF-7 cells, and remarkably high cytotoxicity compared to NGO loaded with either DOX or CPT only. Considering that the combined use of two or more drugs, a widely adopted clinical practice, often displays much better therapeutic efficacy than that of a single drug, the controlled loading and targeted delivery of mixed anticancer drugs using these graphene-based nanocarriers may find widespread application in biomedicine.
Plant holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase (1988)

1. An improved method was developed for the assay of plant holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase activity, using Escherichia coli acyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthetase as a coupling enzyme. 2. Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase was partially purified from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves by a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. 3. The partially purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.2 and Km values of 2 microM, 72 microM and 3 mM for apo-(acyl carrier protein), CoA and Mg2+ respectively. Synthase activity was inhibited in vitro by the reaction product 3',5'-ADP. 4. Results from the fractionation of spinach leaf and developing castor-oil-seed (Ricinus communis) endosperm cells were consistent with a cytosolic localization of holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase activity in plant cells.
Deformation of Nematic Liquid Crystals with Vertical Orientation in Electrical Fields (1971)

A new electro-optical effect in nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy is described, using sandwich cells with molecular orientation perpendicular to the electrode surface (homeotropic alignment). In an arrangement between crossed polarizers, high-contrast ratios have been achieved with low voltages. This effect shows a high degree of non-linearity and thus permits the development of matrix displays without using additional non-linear elements.
A new surgical approach to myocardial revascularization--internal mammary artery to coronary vein anastomosis (1973)

<b>Sallam, I. A., and Kolff, W. J. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 613-616. <b>A new surgical approach to myocardial revascularization—internal mammary artery to coronary vein anastomosis.</b> Myocardial ischaemia was established in anaesthetized animals (five dogs and five sheep) by ligating the anterior descending interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. Once the ischaemic changes became evident electrocardiographically, retrograde perfusion of the coronary vein draining the ischaemic area was established by connecting the internal mammary artery to the coronary vein. The vein was ligated proximally. When retrograde perfusion of the coronary vein was begun, the signs of ischaemia gradually disappeared but could be reproduced by clamping the internal mammary artery. This indicated the effectiveness of the anastomosis in establishing an efficient new blood supply to the ischaemic area. The present approach offers a new prospect to patients in whom the coronary artery is not suitable for coronary vein bypass grafting due to extensive diffuse narrowing. Further application may be found in patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Direct immediate revascularization by this approach may prove of value in such cases.
Semiconducting Cadmium Telluride (1954)

Both $n$-type and $p$-type conductivity can be obtained in cadmium telluride. The intrinsic band gap of cadmium telluride is 1.45 ev. Electron and hole mobilities are at least 30 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt sec. The activation energies of $p$-type impurities are much larger than those of $n$-type impurities in cadmium telluride, indicating an explanation for the failure to find $p$-type conductivity in cadmium sulfide or selenide.
Hepatic Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy (1997)

On September 21-22, 1995, an international meeting entitled "Targeting of Novel Therapeutics to the Liver and GI Tract" was held at the Natcher Conference Center on the campus of the National Institutes of Health. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition and Digestive Diseases Interagency Coordinating Committee (DDICC). Section 440A of Public Law 94-562 in 1976 created the DDICC for the purpose of coordinating the digestive disease-related research activities of relevant federal health agencies into a coordinated program aimed at combating digestive diseases. As part of this federal effort, an assessment of the "state of the art" for targeted drug therapeutics to the liver and gene therapy was undertaken through the conference, cochaired by Dr. Mark Zern (Thomas Jefferson Medical College) and Dr. Flossie Wong-Staal (University of California, San Diego, CA). The conference was divided into four sessions: Session I was Vectors and Techniques; Session II was Liver and Metabolic Diseases; Session III was Hepatitis and GI Disease; and Session IV was Approaches for HIV Infection. This summary focuses on the new technologies and the studies directly pertaining to liver disease. Table 1 lists the techniques and their applications. Table 2 describes viral vectors that have been employed for the purpose of hepatic gene therapy. Table 3 summarizes the studies presented as posters at the conference.
Nonmedical costs to patients and their families associated with outpatient chemotherapy (1984)

One hundred thirty-nine patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy kept diaries of nonmedical expenses resulting from their disease and its treatment. Diaries were kept for both treatment and nontreatment weeks. Results showed that the mean cost to patients and their families for treatment weeks was $72.81, and for nontreatment weeks it was $45.88. Approximately 45% of these costs were out-of-pocket expenses, and 55% were wages lost. Transportation and food were the largest out-of-pocket expenses. Patients living at greater distance from treatment had higher out-of-pocket costs, and younger patients reported more wages lost. Fourteen percent of the patients were estimated to be spending more than 50% of their weekly incomes on nonmedical expenses, and these patients were found largely in the lower-income categories. A method is proposed for using these data to estimate total nonmedical expenses for different treatment regimens, and also for estimating cancer patients' total nonmedical costs nationally.
Vehicle accidents related to sleep: a review. (1999)

More education of employers and employees is needed about planning journeys, the dangers of driving while sleepy, and driving at vulnerable times of the day.
Platinum(II)–Gadolinium(III) Complexes as Potential Single‐Molecular Theranostic Agents for Cancer Treatment (2014)

Theranostic agents are emerging multifunctional molecules capable of simultaneous therapy and diagnosis of diseases. We found that platinum(II)-gadolinium(III) complexes with the formula [{Pt(NH3)2Cl}2GdL](NO3)2 possess such properties. The Gd center is stable in solution and the cytoplasm, whereas the Pt centers undergo ligand substitution in cancer cells. The Pt units interact with DNA and significantly promote the cellular uptake of Gd complexes. The cytotoxicity of the Pt-Gd complexes is comparable to that of cisplatin at high concentrations (≥0.1 mM), and their proton relaxivity is higher than that of the commercial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd-DTPA. T1-weighted MRI on B6 mice demonstrated that these complexes can reveal the accumulation of platinum drugs in vivo. Their cytotoxicity and imaging capabilities make the Pt-Gd complexes promising theranostic agents for cancer treatment.
Prenatal Detection of Aneuploidy and Imbalanced Chromosomal Arrangements by Massively Parallel Sequencing (2012)

Fetal chromosomal abnormalities are the most common reasons for invasive prenatal testing. Currently, G-band karyotyping and several molecular genetic methods have been established for diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. Although these testing methods are highly reliable, the major limitation remains restricted resolutions or can only achieve limited coverage on the human genome at one time. The massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies which can reach single base pair resolution allows detection of genome-wide intragenic deletions and duplication challenging karyotyping and microarrays as the tool for prenatal diagnosis. Here we reported a novel and robust MPS-based method to detect aneuploidy and imbalanced chromosomal arrangements in amniotic fluid (AF) samples. We sequenced 62 AF samples on Illumina GAIIx platform and with averagely 0.01× whole genome sequencing data we detected 13 samples with numerical chromosomal abnormalities by z-test. With up to 2× whole genome sequencing data we were able to detect microdeletion/microduplication (ranged from 1.4 Mb to 37.3 Mb of 5 samples from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) using SeqSeq algorithm. Our work demonstrated MPS is a robust and accurate approach to detect aneuploidy and imbalanced chromosomal arrangements in prenatal samples.
Prognostic implications of immunohistochemically detected YKL-40 expression in breast cancer (2007)

Immunoreactivity for YKL-40 was a significant predictor of breast cancer relapse in this subset of patients. This was independent of T or N-stage and suggests that tumor immunohistochemistry for this protein may be a valuable prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Breast cancer--response rates to chemotherapeutic agents studied in vitro. (2003)

The spectrum of responsiveness of the individual agents was variable and not completely overlapping, as shown by the Venn diagrams.
Introduction: (1994)

Each of the articles in this volume highlights concerns and issues related to cultural diversity and community development. Together they provide significant guidance for further work in theory construction and curriculum development, and offer direction for effective practice and research. Leadership development, self-help, and empowerment practice approaches are presented for work in communities of color and neo-gemeinschaft communities. Effective methods and strategies for working with diverse populations in changing social and economic times are provided for community practitioners and faculty.
Molecular mechanism of dominant expression in 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency (2005)

Most enzyme deficiencies in humans are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. The term dominant negative is applied to mutant alleles in which a mutant protein interferes in one way or another with the function of the normal protein being produced from the wild-type allele in a heterozygote. Such a dominant negative effect usually involves homomeric or heteromeric proteins. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) is a heteromeric mitochondrial enzyme comprised of biotin containing MCCalpha subunits and smaller MCCbeta subunits, encoded by the genes MCCA and MCCB, respectively. Mutations in these genes cause isolated MCC deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder with a variable phenotype ranging from severe neonatal to asymptomatic adult forms. Patients with MCC deficiency have a characteristic organic aciduria with greatly increased excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIVA) and 3-methylcrotonyl-glycine (3-MCG). Here, two patients with elevated excretion of 3-MCG and 3-HIVA and partial deficiency of MCC are discussed, one of them with severe neurological symptoms. Both showed evidence of biotin responsiveness and were heterozygous for the missense mutation MCCA-R385S. Evidence is presented that MCCA-R385S is a dominant negative allele leading to biochemical abnormalities and clinical symptoms in heterozygous individuals and that it is responsive to pharmacological doses of biotin in vivo.