gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A redox factor protein, ref1, is involved in negative gene regulation by extracellular calcium. (1994)

A rise in extracellular calcium (CaZ+J suppresses not only secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) but also expression of the PTH gene to ensure constant plasma Ca2+ level.A nuclear protein(s) in a wide variety of cells bound to the specific DNA elements (negative Ca' responsive elements, nCaREs) in the human PTH gene in sequence-specific and CaZ+, concentration-dependent manners.Our Southwestern cloning revealed that a redox factor protein (refl), which was known to activate several transcription factors via alterations of their redox state, belonged to an nCaRE binding protein.The level of refl mR.NA as well as of its protein was elevated by an increase in CaZ+, concentration.In gel shift assay, anti-refl antibody eliminated formation of the nCaREprotein complex.We also found that there was another protein(s1 interacting with nCaREs and refl.Further, experiments with an antisense-ref cDNA expression vector introduced into cultured cells suggested that DNA (nCaRE)-refl interaction led to Ca'+,-mediated transcriptional suppression.Thus, it is concluded that refl possesses transcription repressor activity in addition to its function as a transcriptional auxiliary protein.Recently, the mechanism of gene regulation by signal transduction molecules such as the cyclic AMP (CAMPI-protein kinase A or the phorbol ester-protein kinase C systems has been studied extensively (1, 2).Among them, nuclear transcription factors CREW (CAMP response element binding protein (3,411 and A P l (5) were cloned, and their molecular characteristics including structure, dimerization, subcellular localization, phosphorylation, and protein-protein interactions have been vigorously clarified 11-81.
Competitive polymerase chain reaction to estimate the number of BCR-ABL transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients after bone marrow transplantation (1993)

We have developed a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) titration assay that estimates the number of BCR-ABL transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients to monitor minimal residual disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The assay gave reproducible results and allowed differences in BCR-ABL message levels of half an order of magnitude to be distinguished. Of 91 patients studied by nonquantitative PCR, 28 who had a positive PCR result on at least one occasion posttransplant were analyzed by competitive PCR. Seventeen patients had no evidence in their marrow of cytogenetic relapse during the period of observation; BCR-ABL transcript numbers in these cases ranged from approximately 10 to 800/micrograms RNA. Ten of the 11 patients who relapsed cytogenetically were studied when Philadelphia-positive metaphases were first detected in their marrow; transcript numbers ranged from 1,600 to 7 x 10(5)/micrograms RNA. Patients in hematologic relapse had between 9 x 10(4) and 10(6) BCR-ABL transcripts/micrograms RNA. Patients who progressed from cytogenetic remission to cytogenetic relapse and then to hematologic relapse had increasing numbers of BCR-ABL transcripts in their blood. Three patients had clear evidence of rising numbers of BCR-ABL transcripts before routine detection of cytogenetic relapse. Conversely patients without cytogenetic relapse generally had low or falling numbers of transcripts. We conclude that serial monitoring of residual disease post-BMT by estimating the number of BCR-ABL transcripts provides more information than conventional cytogenetics or nonquantitative PCR and may identify patients in need of therapeutic intervention before the onset of overt relapse.
Unanswered Questions — Drug-Eluting Stents and the Risk of Late Thrombosis (2007)

Unanswered Questions — Drug-Eluting Stents and the Risk of Late Thrombosis By the end of 2004, drug-eluting stents were used in nearly 80% of percutaneous coronary interventions in the United States, and within 3 years, several million drug-eluting stents had been implanted worldwide. Dr. William Maisel writes that, unfortunately, much remains uncertain about the long-term safety of the devices.
Encoded Fiber‐Optic Microsphere Arrays for Probing Protein–Carbohydrate Interactions (2003)

Protein-Kohlenhydrat-Wechselwirkungen können mithilfe von faseroptischen Arrays mit zufällig angeordneten Mikrokügelchen, die immobilisierte synthetische Oligosaccharide tragen, analysiert werden (siehe Schema). Zwei Systeme wurden untersucht: das Mannose-bindende Lectin Concanavalin A und Cyanovirin N. Letzteres ermöglicht die simultane und eindeutige Evaluierung von fünf verschiedenen Strukturen bezüglich eines Kohlenhydrat-bindenden Proteins.
pH dependence and thermostability of lipases from cultures from the ARS culture collection (1994)

Previously we used a simple, sensitive agar plate method to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi covering many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested were lipase-positive. These lipase-positive strains were further classified as good, moderate or weak enzyme producers. We have expanded our screening method to focus specifically on the pH dependence and thermostability of these lipase activities. The lipases exhibited various pH sensitivities and were divided into three groups: (i) lipases which are active at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.5---produced by 36 bacteria, 23 yeasts and four actinomycetes; (ii) lipases which are active at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.5--produced by 17 bacteria, four yeasts, two actinomycetes and one fungus; and (iii) lipases which are active at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.5~produced by 112 bacteria, 90 yeasts, 15 actinomycetes and five fungi. By screening at 60 ~ and pH 9.0, we further identified 50 bacteria and 26 yeasts that produce thermostable alkali-tolerant lipases. Product analyses confirmed our screening results. Lipases with specific pH dependency and thermostability have potential to be developed into industrial enzymes.
Sequence-specific arrest of primer extension on single-stranded DNA by an oligonucleotide-minor groove binder conjugate. (1996)

A minor groove binder (MGB) derivative (N-3-carbamoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-7-carboxylate tripeptide; CDPI3) was covalently linked to the 5' or 3' end of several oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) totally complementary or possessing a single mismatch to M13mp19 single-stranded DNA. Absorption thermal denaturation and slot-blot hybridization studies showed that conjugation of CDPI3 to these ODNs increased both the specificity and the strength with which they hybridized. Primer extension of the same phage DNA by a modified form of phage T7 DNA polymerase (Sequenase) was physically blocked when a complementary 16-mer with a conjugated 5'-CDPI3 moiety was hybridized to a downstream site. Approximately 50% of the replicating complexes were arrested when the blocking ODN was equimolar to the phage DNA. Inhibition was unaffected by 3'-capping of the ODN with a hexanol group or by elimination of a preannealing step. Blockage was abolished when a single mismatch was introduced into the ODN or when the MGB was either removed or replaced by a 5'-acridine group. A 16-mer with a 3'-CDPI3 moiety failed to arrest primer extension, as did an unmodified 32-mer. We attribute the exceptional stability of hybrids formed by ODNs conjugated to a CDPI3 to the tethered tripeptide binding in the minor groove of the hybrid. When that group is linked to the 5' end of a hybridized ODN, it probably blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting strand displacement. These ODNs conjugated to CDPI3 offer attractive features as diagnostic probes and antigene agents.
A NEW ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY SYSTEM FOR MEASURING ELECTRON EMISSION FROM FAST ION INTERACTIONS WITH ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND CONDENSED PHASE TARGETS (2016)

A new electron spectroscopy system has been developed for measuring electron emission from gas and solid targets induced by fast ion impact. This system uses an ultrahigh-vacuum compatible cylindrical deflector analyzer, designed and fabricated in the Department of Physics at East Carolina University, to measure electron yields as a function of electron energy and emission angle for fast ions interacting with materials. The new spectroscopy system was tested in a previously existing high-vacuum target chamber that has been installed on a new beam line in the ECU Accelerator Laboratory. In addition to the new analyzer, a new data acquisition and experimental control system, based on LabVIEW computer control software, was developed and tested using an existing cylindrical mirror analyzer. Data from this system was compared to previous results to confirm the functionality of the design. Subsequently, the new analyzer was installed in the high-vacuum target chamber and tested by measuring Auger electron emission from 2 MeV protons incident on an argon gas target and comparing to well-known emission spectra. Ultimately, the new electron spectroscopy system will be used for measuring electron yields from condensed phase targets in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions in future experiments.
Signaling pathways activated by daunorubicin (2001)

The anthracycline daunorubicin is widely used in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The drug has, of course, been the object of intense basic research, as well as preclinical and clinical study. As reviewed in this article, evidence stemming from this research clearly demonstrates that cell response to daunorubicin is highly regulated by multiple signaling events, including a sphingomyelinase-initiated sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway, mitogen-activated kinase and stress-activated protein/c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, as well as the Fas/Fas-ligand system. These pathways are themselves influenced by a number of lipid products (diacylglycerol, sphingosine-1 phosphate, and glucosyl ceramide), reactive oxygen species, oncogenes (such as the tumor suppressor gene p53), protein kinases (protein kinase C and phosphoinositide-3 kinase), and external stimuli (hematopoietic growth factors and the extracellular matrix). In light of the complexity and diversity of these observations, a comprehensive review has been attempted toward the understanding of their individual implication (and regulation) in daunorubicin-induced signaling. (Blood. 2001;98:913-924)
Simultaneous lumbar and intraventricular manometry to evaluate the role and safety of lumbar puncture in raised intracranial pressure following subarachnoid haemorrhage (1996)

We report a prospective investigation of a bedside test to evaluate the role and safety of lumbar puncture in raised intracranial pressure in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Fourteen patients who underwent aneurysm clipping following subarachnoid haemorrhage were studied. All patients had intraventricular drains and needed high volume cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to maintain the normal intracranial pressure. A lumbar puncture was performed in these patients and the simultaneous opening lumbar and ventricular pressures noted, CSF was then drained via the lumbar puncture, and the simultaneous closing lumbar and ventricular pressures noted. In all patients, the opening lumbar pressure was close to the ventricular pressure. In 13 of 14 patients, CSF drainage resulted in an equivalent and simultaneous fall of ventricular pressure. We concluded that simultaneous measurement of lumbar and ventricular CSF pressure before and after lumbar CSF drainage allows identification of candidates with differential cranial and lumbar pressures and therefore indicates safety or risk of lumbar CSF drainage.
Inhibiting FGFR3 for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on bladder cancer cells and possible mechanisms (2007)

B48 Previously we demonstrated that inhibition of human fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGFR3) with a fully human IgG1, IMC-D11, enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in subcutaneous bladder cancer xenograft models (AACR Annual Meeting 2007, Abstract# 2080). In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism for this combination effect by evaluating the effects of cisplatin and IMC-D11 on cultured RT112 and RT4 bladder cancer cell lines. Treatment effects reported below were consistent across cell lines, unless otherwise noted. Cytotoxic effects of cisplatin +/- IMC-D11 were evaluated by flow cytometry to quantify the percentage of cells in sub-G0, or by measuring the cell survival utilizing a sulphorhodamine B method. Cells were treated with IMC-D11 beginning one hour prior to the start of cisplatin treatment. IMC-D11 had no apoptotic effects on its own, but IMC-D11 (30 μg/m) increased cisplatin (10 or 30 μM) mediated cytotoxic effects by 20-30%. Cisplatin at 1 μM did not cause apoptosis with or without IMC-D11 co-treatment. Since FGFR3 is a tyrosine kinase receptor that can activate the ERK1/2 survival/proliferation pathway, we evaluated the effect of cisplatin and IMC-D11 on ERK1/2 activation. Cisplatin at 10 μM significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at 24 hours of treatment by western blotting. Strikingly, IMC-D11 prevented ERK activation by cisplatin. This finding indicates cisplatin induced pMAPK activation may be mediated through FGFR3 signaling. To confirm this, we utilized a receptor tyrosine kinase array analysis of samples treated with either cisplatin (30 μM) or cisplatin + IMC-D11 (30 μg/ml). Our results show that cisplatin indeed activated FGFR3 in RT4 cells and this activation was blocked by IMC-D11. Interestingly, while FGFR3 activation was not detected after cisplatin treatment in RT-112 cells, EGFR and c-Met were phosphorylated by cisplatin. IMC-D11 blocked EGFR and c-Met activation in this cell line, pointing to the potential importance of receptor transactivation mediating a survival mechanism during cisplatin treatment. While we continue to evaluate the molecular biology underlying the beneficial effects of inhibiting FGFR3 in combination with cisplatin, results already suggest a link between cisplatin and FGFR3 signaling at the level of receptor tyrosine kinase activity and downstream ERK activation, allowing IMC-D11 to increase the apoptotic effects of cisplatin against bladder cancer cells.
Systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis down-regulates synovial tumor necrosis factor α synthesis (2000)

Analysis of synovial tissue by means of immunomorphology and image analysis in a clinical trial setting may allow the drawing of biologically meaningful conclusions. Synovial TNFalpha synthesis was reduced 2 weeks after infliximab treatment. Reductions in IL-1alpha and IL-1beta synthesis were demonstrated in a subgroup of patients. High levels of synovial TNFalpha production prior to treatment may predict responsiveness to therapy.
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Candidate Bacteria: Associations with BV and Behavioural Practices in Sexually-Experienced and Inexperienced Women (2012)

Four of eight key BV-COs were significantly associated with BV after adjusting for the presence of other BV-COs. The majority of BV-COs were absent or rare in sexually-unexposed women, and associated with increasing sexual exposure, suggesting potential sexual transmission of BV-COs.
CD28-Independent Costimulation of T Cells by OX40 Ligand and CD70 on Activated B Cells (1999)

OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) have been implicated in T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. To further characterize the role of OX40/OX40L in T-B cell interaction, we newly generated an anti-mouse OX40L mAb (RM134L) that can inhibit the costimulatory activity of OX40L transfectants for anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analyses using RM134L and an anti-mouse OX40 mAb indicated that OX40 was inducible on splenic T cells by stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb in a CD28-independent manner, while OX40L was not expressed on resting or activated T cells. OX40L was inducible on splenic B cells by stimulation with anti-IgM Ab plus anti-CD40 mAb, but not by either alone. These activated B cells exhibited a potent costimulatory activity for anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 mAbs partially inhibited the costimulatory activity, and further inhibition was obtained by their combination with RM134L and/or anti-CD70 mAb. We also found the anti-IgM Ab- plus anti-CD40 mAb-stimulated B cells exhibited a potent costimulatory activity for proliferation of and IL-2 production by anti-CD3-stimulated CD28- T cells from CD28-deficient mice, which was substantially inhibited by RM134L and/or anti-CD70 mAb. These results indicated that OX40L and CD70 expressed on surface Ig- and CD40-stimulated B cells can provide CD28-independent costimulatory signals to T cells.
Multifrequency microstrip patch antenna using multiple stacked elements (2003)

A multifrequency microstrip patch antenna comprised of a driven patch and a plurality of parasitic elements placed underneath a driven patch is proposed. The antenna features a multifrequency behavior (five operating band) with similar gain.
AKI and Collapsing Glomerulopathy Associated with COVID-19 and APOL 1 High-Risk Genotype (2020)

Collapsing glomerulopathy in Black patients with COVID-19 was associated with high-risk <i>APOL1</i> variants. We found no direct viral infection in the kidneys, suggesting a possible alternative mechanism: a "two-hit" combination of genetic predisposition and cytokine-mediated host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given this entity's resemblance with HIV-associated nephropathy, we propose the term COVID-19-associated nephropathy to describe it.
Translocation of protein kinase C in human leukemia cells susceptible or resistant to differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. (1986)

We investigated the possible relationship between the susceptibility of cells to differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the subcellular translocation of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity from the cytosol to the membrane. These two events were analyzed in a number of human leukemia cell lines, including four cell variants of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 that exhibit different degrees of susceptibility to PMA-induced differentiation. The phenotype of the differentiated cells was characterized by increased reactivity with monoclonal antibodies against maturation-specific cell surface antigens, increased nonspecific esterase activity, and acquisition of morphological cell maturation. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C activity in each of these cell types revealed that 90% of the kinase activity was present in the cytosolic fraction, with the remaining activity in the membrane fraction. Treatment of the differentiation-susceptible cells with 160 nM PMA resulted, within 5 min after treatment, in a greater than 60% decrease in protein kinase C activity in the cytosolic fraction and a greater than 1500% increase in the activity in the membrane fraction. No such subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C activity was found after treatment of the differentiation-resistant cells. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the process of subcellular translocation of protein kinase C activity, initiated after the binding of PMA to this kinase, is required for the induction of cell differentiation by this phorbol diester.
Zircon ages and the distribution of Archaean and Proterozoic rocks in the Rauer Islands (1993)

The application of zircon U-Pb geochronology using the SHRIMP ion microprobe to the Precambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Rauer Islands on the Prydz Bay coast of East Antarctica, has resulted in major revisions to the interpreted geological history. Large tracts of granitic orthogneisses, previously considered to be mostly Proterozoic in age, are shown here to be Archaean, with crystallization ages of 3270 Ma and 2800 Ma. These rocks and associated granulite-facies mafic rocks and paragneisses account for up to 50% of exposures in the Rauer Islands. Unlike the 2500 Ma rocks in the nearby Vestfold Hills which were cratonized soon after formation, the Rauer Islands rocks were reworked at about 1000 Ma under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions, and mixed with newly generated felsic crust. Dating of components of this felsic intrusive suite indicates that this Proterozoic reworking was accomplished in about 30–40 million years. Low-grade retrogression at 500 Ma was accompanied by brittle shearing, pegmatite injection, partial resetting of U-Pb geochronometers and growth of new zircons. Minor underformed lamprophyre dykes intruded Hop and nearby islands later in the Phanerozoic. Thus, the geology of the Rauer Islands reflects reworking and juxtaposition of unrelated rocks in a Proterozoic orogenic belt, and illustrates the important influence of relatively low-grade fluid-rock interaction on zircon U-Pb systematics in high-grade terranes.
Determination of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Clinical Laboratory (1984)

The applicability was investigated of automated spectrophotometric heparin assays and three clotting assays for determination of two low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fractions: Org 10172 and DxN10 and two infractionated commercially available heparins. The relative activity of the two commercially available heparins was similar in the anti-Xa assay, in the anti-IIa assay and in 3 clotting assays. The LMW heparins showed markedly different relative activity in all 5 assays. The activities of those heparin preparations relative to the standard heparin were compared in the 5 assays, but standardization against a standard heparin preparation appeared impossible. Methods of heparin determination can be used to monitor treatment with a heparin preparation only if the same preparation is used as a reference substance.
Can Trehalose Prevent Neurodegeneration? Insights from Experimental Studies (2014)

Inappropriate protein aggregation is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. One of the main strategies by which cells deal with abnormal protein aggregates is autophagy, a degradation pathway for intracellular aggregate-prone proteins. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide which has been utilized extensively in the food industry, has been recently demonstrated to have a number of unique properties that point to its potential utility in preventing neurodegeneration. First, trehalose may act as a potent stabilizer of proteins and is able to preserve protein structural integrity. Second, it is a chaperone and reduces aggregation of pathologically misfolded proteins. Third, it improves the clearance of the mutant proteins which act as autophagy substrates when aberrant protein deposition occurs. Notably, trehalose is an mTOR-independent inducer of autophagy, and in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, has been shown to decrease the levels of toxic protein aggregates, increase autophagy, and improve clinical symptoms and survival. In summary, mounting experimental evidence suggests that trehalose may prevent neurodegenerative disorders by stabilizing proteins and promoting autophagy. Because of the low toxicity profile that allows for administration for extended periods, human studies of trehalose in preventing neurodegeneration are warranted.