gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Members of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Family That Phosphorylate the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Facilitate Sequestration (1996)

We recently reported that a beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) mutant, Y326A, defective in its ability to sequester in response to agonist stimulation was a poor substrate for G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation; however, its ability to be phosphorylated and sequestered could be restored by overexpressing GRK2 [Ferguson et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24782]. In the present report, we tested the ability of each of the known GRKs (GRK1-6) to phosphorylate and rescue the sequestration of the Y326A mutant in HEK-293 cells. We demonstrate that in addition to GRK2, GRK3-6 can phosphorylate the Y326A mutant and rescue its sequestration; however, GRK1 was totally ineffective in rescuing either the phosphorylation or the sequestration of the mutant receptor. We found that the agonist-dependent rescue of Y326A mutant phosphorylation by GRK2, -3, and -5 was associated with the agonist-dependent rescue of sequestration. In contrast, overexpression of GRK4 and -6 led mainly to agonist-independent phosphorylation of the Y326A mutant accompanied by increased basal receptor sequestration. Our results demonstrate that phosphorylation per se, but not the interaction with a specific GRK, is required to facilitate beta2AR sequestration.
Coevolution of activating and inhibitory receptors within mammalian carcinoembryonic antigen families (2010)

These phylogenetic studies provide evidence that pathogen/host coevolution and a possible participation in fetal-maternal conflict processes led to a highly species-specific diversity of mammalian CEA gene families.
Bidirectional optical amplifiers for high-performance WDM systems (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Yadlowsky, "Bidirectional optical amplifiers for high-performance WDM systems," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, M. Zervas, A. Willner, and S. Sasaki, eds., Vol. 16 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper SN2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mutational analysis of NOTCH1, 2, 3 and 4 genes in common solid cancers and acute leukemias (2007)

NOTCH proteins (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4) play crucial roles in embryonic development. Also, mounting evidence indicates that NOTCH contributes to the pathogenesis of hematopoietic and solid malignancies. Recent studies reported a high incidence of gain-of-function mutations of the NOTCH1 gene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). To see whether NOTCH1 mutation occurs in other malignancies, we analyzed NOTCH1 for the detection of somatic mutations in 334 malignancies, including 48 lung, 48 breast, 48 colorectal and 48 gastric carcinomas, and 142 acute leukemias (105 acute myelogenous leukemias, 32 B-ALLs and 4 T-ALLs) by single-strand conformation polymorphism assay. Also, to see whether other NOTCH genes harbor somatic mutations, we analyzed NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 genes in the same tissue samples. Overall, we detected three NOTCH mutations in the cancers, which consisted of one NOTCH1 mutation in the T-ALLs (25.0%), one NOTCH2 mutation in the breast carcinomas (2.1%), and one NOTCH3 mutation in the colorectal carcinomas (2.0%). There was no NOTCH mutation in other malignancies analyzed. Our data indicate that NOTCH1 is mutated in T-ALL, but not in other common human cancers, and that NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTH4 genes are rarely mutated in common human cancers. Despite the importance of NOTCH activation in many types of human cancers, mutation of NOTCH genes, except for NOTCH1 mutation in T-ALL, may not play an important role in the tumorigenesis of common cancers.
Dictation of the shape of mesoscale semiconductor nanoparticle assemblies by plasmid DNA (1996)

We have developed a method of semiconductor nanostructure fabrication relying on the size and shape of a polynucleotide to dictate the overall structure of an assembly of individual nanoparticles. This is exemplified by our use of the 3455-basepair circular plasmid DNA molecule pUCLeu4 which, when anchored to a suitably derivatized substrate, yields an array of semiconductor nanoparticles matching the shape of the biopolymer stabilizer. The viability of the methodology was confirmed using data from high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and linear optical absorption spectroscopy. This is a unique demonstration of the self-assembly of mesoscale semiconductor nanostructures using biological macromolecules as templates.
Design of free space WDM router based on holographic concave grating (1999)

A design for a 91/spl times/91 router with 0.33 nm channel spacing using a stationary anastigmatic Littrow mount of a holographic concave grating is reported. A simplified method of concave grating analysis is developed for the evaluation of the wavelength router performance. The coupling losses for all routed channels are within -0.9 dB and the power penalty due to coherent crosstalk caused by aberrations and diffraction at the aperture is negligibly small.
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF RABBIT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (1985)

Good production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the rabbit was obtained using Propionibacterium acnes IID 912 as a priming agent and subsequent administration of lipopolysaccharide. The physicochemical characteristics of rabbit TNF were very similar to those of murine TNF. The molecular weight of rabbit TNF was 39,000 as estimated by gel filtration, and 18,000 by SDS‐PAGE. The isoelectric point was determined as p h 4.0 by isoelectric focusing. Rabbit TNF was stable within the p h range of 5.5 to 11.0, and was stable at 56°C for 8 hr. It was digested by trypsin, pancreatic protease and elastase, but was resistant to neuraminidase . The amino acid sequence of rabbit TNF was determined as Ser‐Ala‐Ser‐Arg‐Ala‐Leu‐ …. Monoclonal antibody against rabbit TNF completely inhibited both the in vivo and in vitro activity of rabbit TNF. However, this antibody could not inhibit the action of murine TNF. Antitumor activity of rabbit TNF was shown against murine and human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro , and rabbit TNF was also capable of distinguishing malignant cells from normal cells.
Finasteride improves male pattern hair loss in a randomized study in identical twins. (2002)

Through the use of identical twins, this study provides further evidence that finasteride significantly reduces hair loss progression and restores hair growth in men with male pattern hair loss.
A Proton-Pump Inhibitor, Rabeprazole, Improves Ventilatory Function in Patients with Asthma Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux (2003)

Treatment with rabeprazole is expected to ameliorate asthma in non-steroid-dependent patients who have symptomatic GER defined by the QUEST score.
5,10-Diphenyltripyrrane, a useful building block for the synthesis of meso-phenyl substituted expanded macrocycles (1997)

Pyrrole and benzaldehyde were condensed under acidic conditions to produce a mixture of 5-phenyldipyrromethane and 5,10-diphenyltripyrrane; the tripyrrane was utilized in syntheses of meso-phenylsapphyrins, meso-diphenylpentaphyrin and meso-hexaphenylhexaphyrin.
Leucine Limitation Induces Autophagy and Activation of Lysosome-dependent Proteolysis in C2C12 Myotubes through a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-independent Signaling Pathway (2000)

Loss of muscle mass usually characterizes different pathologies (sepsis, cancer, trauma) and also occurs during normal aging. One reason for muscle wasting relates to a decrease in food intake. This study addressed the role of leucine as a regulator of protein breakdown in mouse C2C12 myotubes and aimed to determine which cellular responses regulate the process. Determination of the rate of protein breakdown indicated that leucine is one key regulator of this process in myotubes because starvation for this amino acid is responsible for 30-40% of the total increase generated by total amino acid starvation. Leucine restriction rapidly accelerates the rate of protein breakdown (+11 to 15% (p < 0.001) after 1 h of starvation) in a dose-dependent manner. By using various inhibitors, evidence is provided that acceleration of protein catabolism results mainly from an induction of autophagy, activation of lysosome-dependent proteolysis, without modification of mRNA levels encoding the lysosomal cathepsins B, L, or D. Those results suggest that autophagy is an essential cellular response for increasing protein breakdown in muscle following food deprivation. Induction of autophagy precedes a decrease in global protein synthesis (-20% to -30% (p < 0.001)) that occurs after 3 h of leucine starvation. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity does not abolish the effect of leucine starvation and the level of phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein is not affected by leucine withdrawal. These latter data provide clear evidence that the mTOR signaling pathway is not involved in the mediation of leucine effects on both protein synthesis and degradation in C2C12 myotubes.
Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women With Hysterectomy (2004)

The use of CEE increases the risk of stroke, decreases the risk of hip fracture, and does not affect CHD incidence in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy over an average of 6.8 years. A possible reduction in breast cancer risk requires further investigation. The burden of incident disease events was equivalent in the CEE and placebo groups, indicating no overall benefit. Thus, CEE should not be recommended for chronic disease prevention in postmenopausal women.
An Upflow Microbial Fuel Cell with an Interior Cathode:  Assessment of the Internal Resistance by Impedance Spectroscopy (2006)

An upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) system with a U-shaped cathode inside the anode chamber was developed and produced a maximum volumetric power of 29.2 W/m3 at a volumetric loading rate of 3.40 kg COD/(m3 day) and an operating temperature of 35 degrees C while feeding sucrose continuously. The Coulombic efficiency decreased from 51.0% to 10.6% with the increase in the volumetric loading rate from 0.57 to 4.29 kg COD/(m3 day). In addition, the lab-scale UMFC maintained soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies exceeding 90% and volatile fatty acid concentrations of approximately 40 mg/L, indicating efficient wastewater treatment. The analysis of impedance spectroscopy, generated by fitting experimental data into an equivalent circuit, revealed that at a volumetric loading rate of 3.40 kg COD/(m3 day) the overall internal resistance was 17.13 omega. This internal resistance was composed of electrolyte resistance (8.62 omega), charge-transfer resistance (7.05 omega), and diffusion resistance (1.46 omega). Electrolyte resistance dominated throughout the entire range of loading rates. In addition, impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that both the anodic and the cathodic charge-transfer resistances were important limiting factors. To further improve the power output of the UMFC, we must reduce the electrolyte resistance by optimizing reactor configuration, reduce the anode charge-transfer resistances by selecting superior anodic microbiota, and reduce the cathodic charge-transfer resistance by exploring sustainable and efficient catalysts.
Isolation and Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Interacting Protein (PRIP) as a Coactivator for PPAR (2000)

We previously isolated and identified steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-binding protein (PBP/PPARBP) as coactivators for PPAR, using the ligand-binding domain of PPARgamma as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening. As part of our continuing effort to identify cofactors that influence the transcriptional activity of PPARs, we now report the isolation of a novel coactivator from mouse, designated PRIP (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor interacting protein), a nuclear protein with 2068 amino acids and encoded by 13 exons. Northern analysis showed that PRIP mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues of adult mice. PRIP contains two LXXLL signature motifs. The amino-terminal LXXLL motif (amino acid position 892 to 896) of PRIP was found to be necessary for nuclear receptor interaction, but the second LXXLL motif (amino acid position 1496 to 1500) appeared unable to bind PPARgamma. Deletion of the last 12 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of PPARgamma resulted in the abolition of the interaction between PRIP and PPARgamma. PRIP also binds to PPARalpha, RARalpha, RXRalpha, ER, and TRbeta1, and this binding is increased in the presence of specific ligands. PRIP acts as a strong coactivator for PPARgamma in the yeast and also potentiates the transcriptional activities of PPARgamma and RXRalpha in mammalian cells. A truncated form of PRIP (amino acids 786-1132) acts as a dominant-negative repressor, suggesting that PRIP is a genuine coactivator.
A wavelength-switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser for switchable microwave generation (2009)

A novel wavelength-switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) implemented based on a sigma architecture that is composed of a ring loop and a linear standing wave arm is experimentally demonstrated. Gain competition that prevents stable dual-wavelength oscillation is effectively suppressed by placing the gain medium in the standing-wave arm and by introducing polarization hole burning (PHB) via polarization multiplexing of the two lasing wavelengths in the ring loop. The SLM operation is guaranteed by an ultranarrow Fabry- Perot filter (FPF) introduced by absorption saturation in an unpumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and the gain saturation in the gain medium. In addition, the ring cavity forms a Lyot filter for each wavelength. Thus, wavelength switching is achieved by simply adjusting the polarization state of either wavelength. By beating the two SLM wavelengths at a photodetector (PD), a microwave signal with a frequency tunable from approximately 10 to approximately 50 GHz is experimentally generated.
Migration inhibition factor and the blood clotting system: effects of defibrination, heparin and thrombin. (1977)

Heparin is not suitable as an anticoagulant in the leucocyte migration test used to demonostrate the presence of migration inhibition factor (MIF) due to a rapid disappearance of the response after even a short storage of the blood. The use of defibrinated blood is highly recommended and defibrinated blood can be stored for at least 90 min without any diminution of the response. The change in response when using heparinized blood is not due to any direct effect of heparin, because heparin has no effect when added to defibrinated blood. However, heparin, added together with thrombin, is capable of abolishing the MIF effect completely. The basis for this phenomenon is most probably the binding of the heparin-antithrombin cofactor (AT III) to a complex with heparin and thrombin. The activity of MIF requires the presence of AT III, its esterase-inhibiting activity probably being crucial, in order to express MIF activity on macrophages. This mechanism forms a link between certain cellular immune reactions and the blood-clotting system.
Few V gene segments dominate the T cell receptor beta-chain repertoire of the human thymus. (1993)

Abstract We undertook a large sample census of the TCR-beta repertoire from a single human thymus (300 clones from an unamplified cDNA library), to establish the statistics of the rearranged V, D, J, and C gene segments. The assortments of all germ-line segments are subject to significant biases and thus critically reduce the effective germ-line contribution to beta-chain diversity. Thirty-two V genes characterize the whole sample, but surprisingly as few as seven genes from different families encompass half of the beta-chain repertoire. Furthermore, a Spearman rank order correlation test of the thymic V beta frequencies with those inferred in other studies using RNase protection assays shows a statistically significant similarity. Thus, in the establishment of thymic V beta frequencies in man, rearrangement preferences intrinsic to the progenitors of TCR-beta expressing cells override HLA- and Ag-dependent biasing factors. By implication, a large enough pool of direct progenitor cells (maybe as high as thousands) must exist to secure V beta frequencies against large random fluctuations. Uncorrelated with the V gene bias, the representation of D beta and J beta segments is also far from even. Notably, D beta 1 and J beta 2.1 and 1.2 predominate. Using the above mentioned rank order statistic, we also find that unlike V genes, the bias in the J segment usage carries over into the frequencies of peripheral T lymphocyte populations.
Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes with tat unconstrained by overlapping reading frames reveal residues in Tat important for replication in tissue culture (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is essential for virus replication and is a potent trans activator of viral gene expression. Evidence suggests that Tat also influences virus infectivity and cytopathicity. Extensive structure-function studies of Tat in subgenomic settings with point mutagenesis and transient transfection readouts have been performed. These reporter assays have defined certain amino acid residues as being important for trans activation of reporter plasmids. However, they have not directly addressed functions related to virus replication. Here, we have studied Tat structure-function in the setting of replicating viruses. We characterized mutations that emerged in Tat during HIV-1 infections of T lymphocytes. To ensure that the selection pressure for change was directed toward protein function, we constructed HIV-Is in which the Tat reading frame was freed from constraints exerted by overlapping with the reading frames of vpr, rev, and env. When these recombinant viruses were passaged in T cells, 26 novel nucleotide changes in tat were observed from sequencing of 220 independently isolated clones. Recloning of these changes into a pNL4-3 molecular background allowed for the characterization of residues in Tat important for virus replication. Interestingly, many of the changes that affected replication when they were assayed in transient trans activation of plasmid reporters were found to be relatively neutral. We conclude that the structure-function of Tat in virus replication is incompletely reflected by activity measurements based only on subgenomic transient transfections.
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction (2005)

Differences in the clinical pharmacology of the 3 currently available oral phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, are largely determined by their clinical pharmacokinetics as well as their PDE inhibitory activity profile. This review comparatively discusses the major characteristics of the pharmacokinetic profile of all 3 PDE5 inhibitors, including bioavailability and rate of absorption, Biopharmaceutical Classification System categorization, elimination mechanisms, and metabolic profile including active metabolites, as well as the drug-drug interaction potential and modification of pharmacokinetic properties under selected physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. The review is aimed at providing comparative clinical pharmacology data to allow for scientifically rational, evidence-based prescribing and dosing decisions regarding the clinical use of these medications for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Independent and Cooperative Roles of N-Glycans and Molecular Chaperones in the Folding and Disulfide Bond Formation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-Related Protein (2005)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a large receptor that contains extensive glycosylation sites and disulfide bonds. Here we analyzed how N-linked glycosylation and molecular chaperones function during LRP folding. Treatment of cells with a glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin significantly impaired LRP folding, although binding to receptor-associated protein (RAP), a specialized chaperone for LRP, was not affected. The effects of tunicamycin on LRP folding were not due to an inhibition of RAP glycosylation since a mutant RAP that harbors a mutation at its sole glycosylation site was still capable of promoting LRP folding. The roles of N-linked glycosylation and the lectin chaperone, calnexin, in LRP folding were further dissected using LRP minireceptors that carry mutations at individual glycosylation sites. Interestingly, we found that RAP interacts with oxidoreductase ERp57 and mediates its interaction with LRP. Since previous studies have shown that N-glycan-bound calnexin/calreticulin are also capable of recruiting ERp57, our results suggest that N-linked glycosylation and RAP can independently and cooperatively recruit oxidoreductases to facilitate protein folding and proper disulfide bond formation.
Modulation of T-Cell Receptor Signal Transduction by Herpesvirus Signaling Adaptor Protein (2004)

Because of its central regulatory role, T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction is a common target of viruses. We report here the identification of a small signaling protein, ORF5, of the T-lymphotropic tumor virus herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). ORF5 is predicted to contain 89 to 91 amino acids with an amino-terminal myristoylation site and six SH2 binding motifs, showing structural similarity to cellular LAT (linker for activation of T cells). Sequence analysis showed that, despite extensive sequence variation, the myristoylation site and SH2 binding motifs were completely conserved among 13 different ORF5 isolates. Upon TCR stimulation, ORF5 was efficiently tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently interacted with cellular SH2-containing signaling proteins Lck, Fyn, SLP-76, and p85 through its tyrosine residues. ORF5 expression resulted in the marked augmentation of TCR signal transduction activity, evidenced by increased cellular tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular calcium mobilization, CD69 surface expression, interleukin-2 production, and activation of the NF-AT, NF-kappa B, and AP-1 transcription factors. Despite its structural similarity to cellular LAT, however, ORF5 could only partially substitute for LAT function in TCR signal transduction. These results demonstrate that HVS utilizes a novel signaling protein, ORF5, to activate TCR signal transduction. This activation probably facilitates viral gene expression and, thereby, persistent infection.
Opto-thermal in-vivo skin hydration measurements – a comparison study of different measurement techniques (2010)

We compared five different skin hydration measurement techniques, namely OTTER, Fingerprint sensors, Corneometer, Nova, and Moisture Checker, in order to understand the correlations between different skin hydration measurement techniques and to understand the repeatability of each technique. The measurements are performed on different in-vivo skin sites from different volunteers and at different hydration levels. The repeatability of different techniques is achieved by measuring the same skin site repeatedly. The correlations between different skin hydration measurement techniques are achieved by plotting results from different techniques against each other. The different skin hydration levels are achieved through the recovery period after a skin immersive hydration.