gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware design experiences in ZebraNet (2004)

The enormous potential for wireless sensor networks to make a positive impact on our society has spawned a great deal of research on the topic, and this research is now producing environment-ready systems. Current technology limits coupled with widely-varying application requirements lead to a diversity of hardware platforms for different portions of the design space. In addition, the unique energy and reliability constraints of a system that must function for months at a time without human intervention mean that demands on sensor network hardware are different from the demands on standard integrated circuits. This paper describes our experiences designing sensor nodes and low level software to control them.In the ZebraNet system we use GPS technology to record fine-grained position data in order to track long term animal migrations [14]. The ZebraNet hardware is composed of a 16-bit TI microcontroller, 4 Mbits of off-chip flash memory, a 900 MHz radio, and a low-power GPS chip. In this paper, we discuss our techniques for devising efficient power supplies for sensor networks, methods of managing the energy consumption of the nodes, and methods of managing the peripheral devices including the radio, flash, and sensors. We conclude by evaluating the design of the ZebraNet nodes and discussing how it can be improved. Our lessons learned in developing this hardware can be useful both in designing future sensor nodes and in using them in real systems.
Deep Learning in Microscopy Image Analysis: A Survey (2017)

Computerized microscopy image analysis plays an important role in computer aided diagnosis and prognosis. Machine learning techniques have powered many aspects of medical investigation and clinical practice. Recently, deep learning is emerging as a leading machine learning tool in computer vision and has attracted considerable attention in biomedical image analysis. In this paper, we provide a snapshot of this fast-growing field, specifically for microscopy image analysis. We briefly introduce the popular deep neural networks and summarize current deep learning achievements in various tasks, such as detection, segmentation, and classification in microscopy image analysis. In particular, we explain the architectures and the principles of convolutional neural networks, fully convolutional networks, recurrent neural networks, stacked autoencoders, and deep belief networks, and interpret their formulations or modelings for specific tasks on various microscopy images. In addition, we discuss the open challenges and the potential trends of future research in microscopy image analysis using deep learning.
Dementia (2019)

It is with pleasure that I present this issue of Seminars in Neurology on “dementias.” With rapid advances in this field, the clinical care of dementia is no longer viewed in the fatalistic terms it once was. Although most pathologies causing dementia are not currently treatable, the disease has become more manageable and its diagnosis more accurate. Strategies that maximize daily functions and modify lifestyles now succeed in delaying the onset of dementia and improving the quality of life. Neurologists with their background in neurosciences are particularly well placed to take advantage of these recent advances in diagnosis and management of prodromal disease. In spite of this, cognitive disorders occupy a surprisingly small portion of most residency curricula and neurology textbooks.
The T3 complex on human T lymphocytes involves four structurally distinct glycoproteins. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies allow for the detection of antigens which are specific for human thymus-derived lymphocytes. Among these antigens, the T3 complex is of particular interest since it is involved in several T cell functions. The main target antigen of the anti-T3 reagents is borne by a 20-kDa glycoprotein. In addition, glycoproteins of 25-28, 37, and 44 kDa are found in anti-T3 immunoprecipitates derived from surface-labeled cells. The four antigens appeared to be strongly associated with each other in detergent-containing solutions. Comparative studies of the four proteins, facilitated by the use of endo-beta-N-acetylglycosaminidase F, revealed that their polypeptide backbones have different molecular weights and pI values. Moreover, peptide maps of the 20-kDa T3 and the 25-28-kDa T3 were quite different. Metabolic labeling experiments suggested that the 25-28-kDa protein might become associated with the 20-kDa T3 antigen during biosynthesis. The 37-kDa and 44-kDa proteins could not, however, be detected and, therefore, might become associated with the 20-kDa T3 on the cell surface. Evidence has been found for the existence of a fifth member of the T3 complex, namely an unglycosylated 20-kDa T3 species.
Radial arrangement of clonally related cells in the chicken optic tectum: lineage analysis with a recombinant retrovirus. (1988)

A recently described method for lineage analysis in rodents uses a recombinant retrovirus to insert a foreign gene into the genome of a precursor cell; the gene's product is later detected histochemically in the infected cell's progeny. We have adapted this method for use in chicken embryos and used it to study the disposition of clonally related cells in the optic tectum. We report that descendants of a single precursor form narrow, radially oriented columns that span the thickness of the developing tectum. Analysis of embryos injected with virus at different stages suggests a developmental scheme in which early-born progeny are displaced laterally, late-born progeny are displaced radially, and cell mixing is limited. Many clones remain radially arrayed as laminae form and contribute neurons of diverse types of several laminae. In light of previous studies showing physiological relationships among vertically arrayed neurons, our results suggest that neurons descended from a single precursor are richly interconnected and functionally related.
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN LOW PRESSURECAPACITIVE COUPLED RF DISCHARGE (2008)

Commercially available CNTs from Nanocyl (prod.no. 3100) were
functionalized in low pressure capacitive coupled discharge
(13.56 MHz, 15-100 W, Ar/H2, Ar/H2O, N2/H2, 65-80 Pa, 10-15
min.) and compared with commercially available functionalized
nanotubes. FTIR seemed to be the best for the detection of
functional groups. However, only the presence of C=O could be
proven without doubts in CNTs-COOH as well as in CNTs
functionalized by Ar/H2O plasma. The dispersion properties of
CNTs in polymer blend were significantly improved by any
functionalization. The mechanical properties of polyurethane
composites with functionalized CNTs were improved compared to
pristine CNTs composites.
Characterization of Key Odorants in Dry-Heated Cysteine—Carbohydrate Mixtures: Comparison with Aqueous Reaction Systems (1998)

The most odor-active compounds in dry-heated mixtures of cysteine/ribose (I) and cysteine/rhamnose (II) were identified by application of aroma extract dilution analyses and the odor activity value concept. A comparison with the key odorants generated in I with those present in the same mixture thermally treated under aqueous conditions revealed that dry-heating yielded higher amounts of the key odorants 2-furfurylthiol (roasty, coffee-like), 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline (roasty, popcorn-like), 2-ethyl- and 2-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (roasty, potato-like), whereas the yields of 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine (roasty, popcorn-like) and 3-mercapto-2-pentanone (sulfury) were significantly decreased. In II, the amount of 5-methyl-2-furfurylthiol (roasty, coffee-like) was significantly increased, whereas 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like) and 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2(2H)-pyranone (seasoning-like) were drastically decreased under dry-heating conditions. The odorants 2-ethenyl- and (Z)-2-propenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine were shown to be formed exclusively by dry-heating in I or II, respectively. A formation mechanism indicating the respective 1-desoxyosones as important intermediates in pyrazine formation is presented.
Translational Crossroads for Biomarkers (2005)

A group of investigators met at a Specialized Programs of Research Excellence Workshop to discuss key issues in the translation of biomarker discovery to the development of useful laboratory tests for cancer care. Development and approval of several new markers and technologies have provided informative examples that include more specific markers for prostate cancer, more sensitive tests for ovarian cancer, more objective analysis of tissue architecture and an earlier indication of response to treatment in breast cancer. Although there is no clear paradigm for biomarker development, several principles are clear. Marker development should be driven by clinical needs, including early cancer detection, accurate pretreatment staging, and prediction of response to treatment, as well as monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. Development of a national repository that uses carefully preserved, well-annotated tissue specimens will facilitate new marker development. Reference standards will be an essential component of this process. Both hospital-based and commercial laboratories can play a role in developing biomarkers from discovery to test validation. Partnering of academe and industry should occur throughout the process of biomarker development. The National Cancer Institute is in a unique position to bring together academe, industry, and the Food and Drug Administration to (a) define clinical needs for biomarkers by tumor type, (b) establish analytic and clinical paradigms for biomarker development, (c) discuss ways in which markers from different companies might be evaluated in combination, (d) establish computational methods to combine data from multiple biomarkers, (e) share information regarding promising markers developed in National Cancer Institute-supported programs, and (f) exchange data regarding new platforms and techniques that can accelerate marker development.
Characterization of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene from Cucumber Required for Trichoderma-Conferred Plant Resistance (2006)

The fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum has been recently shown to induce systemic resistance in plants through a mechanism that employs jasmonic acid and ethylene signal transduction pathways. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins have been implicated in the signal transduction of a wide variety of plant stress responses. Here we report the identification and characterization of a Trichoderma-induced MAPK (TIPK) gene function in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Similar to its homologs, wound-induced protein kinase, MPK3, and MPK3a, TIPK is also induced by wounding. Normally, preinoculation of roots with Trichoderma activates plant defense mechanisms, which result in resistance to the leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans. We used a unique attenuated virus vector, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV-AGII), to overexpress TIPK protein and antisense (AS) RNA. Plants overexpressing TIPK were more resistant to pathogenic bacterial attack than control plants, even in the absence of Trichoderma preinoculation. On the other hand, plants expressing TIPK-AS revealed increased sensitivity to pathogen attack. Moreover, Trichoderma preinoculation could not protect these AS plants against subsequent pathogen attack. We therefore demonstrate that Trichoderma exerts its protective effect on plants through activation of the TIPK gene, a MAPK that is involved in signal transduction pathways of defense responses.
A highly stereoselective and iterative approach to isoprenoid chains: synthesis of homogeraniol, homofarnesol, and homogeranylgeraniol (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA highly stereoselective and iterative approach to isoprenoid chains: synthesis of homogeraniol, homofarnesol, and homogeranylgeraniolPhilip Kocienski, Sjoerd Wadman, and Kelvin CooperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1215–1217Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1009Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aggregation of meso-substituted water-soluble porphyrins (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAggregation of meso-substituted water-soluble porphyrinsRobert F. Pasternack, Peter R. Huber, P. Boyd, G. Engasser, L. Francesconi, E. Gibbs, P. Fasella, G. Cerio Venturo, and L. deC. HindsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 13, 4511–4517Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00768a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00768a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2963Altmetric-Citations426LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Lactobacillus casei lactate dehydrogenase gene (1991)

An allosteric L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase gene of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was cloned in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. The gene was composed of an open reading frame of 981 bp, starting with a GTG codon and ending with a TAA codon. The sequences for the promoter and ribosome binding site were identified, and a sequence for a structure resembling a rho-independent transcription terminator was also found.
The Shc adaptor protein is critical for VEGF induction by Met/HGF and ErbB2 receptors and for early onset of tumor angiogenesis (2004)

The etiology and progression of a variety of human malignancies are linked to the deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). To define the role of RTK-dependent signals in various oncogenic processes, we have previously engineered RTK oncoproteins that recruit either the Shc or Grb2 adaptor proteins. Although these RTK oncoproteins transform cells with similar efficiencies, fibroblasts expressing the Shc-binding RTK oncoproteins induced tumors with short latency (approximately 7 days), whereas cells expressing the Grb2-binding RTK oncoproteins induced tumors with delayed latency (approximately 24 days). The early onset of tumor formation correlated with the ability of cells expressing the Shc-binding RTK oncoproteins to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in culture and an angiogenic response in vivo. Consistent with this, treatment with a VEGF inhibitor, VEGF-Trap, blocked the in vivo angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of these cells. The importance of Shc recruitment to RTKs for the induction of VEGF was further demonstrated by using mutants of the Neu/ErbB2 RTK, where the Shc, but not Grb2, binding mutant induced VEGF. Moreover, the use of fibroblasts derived from ShcA-deficient mouse embryos, demonstrated that Shc was essential for the induction of VEGF by the Met/hepatocyte growth factor RTK oncoprotein and by serum-derived growth factors. Together, our findings identify Shc as a critical angiogenic switch for VEGF production downstream from the Met and ErbB2 RTKs.
Effects of testosterone replacement on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis in hypogonadal men--a clinical research center study. (1996)

Testosterone replacement in hypogonadism has long been known to promote nitrogen retention and increase body density, but the mechanisms of nitrogen retention and body composition changes are poorly defined. We measured body composition and muscle protein synthesis in five hypogonadal men before and 6 months after initiating testosterone replacement. Body composition was examined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle mass was estimated both by excretion of creatinine on a meat-free diet and from appendicular mass measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle protein synthesis was assessed by measuring the increment of [13C]leucine in mixed muscle protein and myosin heavy chain during a continuous infusion of L-[l-13C]leucine. In all subjects there was an increase in fat-free mass (average, 15%; range, 10-22%; P = 0.02) and a decrease in fat mass (-11%; range, -0.4% to -22.0%; P = 0.03). Muscle mass also increased in everybody (mean, 20%; range, 11-32%; P = 0.04) such that 65% of the increase in fat-free mass could be attributed to accretion of muscle. The accumulation of muscle was associated with a 56% (P = 0.015) increase in the fractional synthesis rate of mixed skeletal muscle proteins and a trend toward a similar increase in the fractional synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain (46%; P = 0.098). We conclude that testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men enhanced skeletal muscle mass by stimulating the muscle protein synthesis rate.
Engine Bench Evaluation of Gasoline Composition Effect on Pollutants Conversion Rate by a Three-Way Catalyst (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The variety of the European refinery processes and the different strategies adopted by oil companies to meet gasoline octane ratings have given rise to a wide range of unleaded motor fuel characteristics. This study aims to examine the relations between gasoline quality, engine base emissions and catalyst performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Twelve fuels containing various amounts of aliphatic, olefinic, aromatic and oxygenated compounds were used in engine bench tests with a three-way catalyst. Rather large variations in the engine CO, HC and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; base emissions were observed with the nature of the fuel used. Conversion of these pollutants by the catalyst was then determined as a function of both temperature at stoichiometry and the A/F equivalence ratio at constant temperature. It was observed that nature of the fuel influences the catalyst light-off temperature and conversions at higher temperatures.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Data analysis shows that saturated hydrocarbons tend to minimize CO and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions before the catalyst, whereas olefinics give the highest values. The reverse was observed for HC. A high aromatics content increases NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and HC emissions but is without any great influence on CO. Concerning catalyst activity, it was observed that the light-off temperature is decreased by the use of gasolines with a high olefin content, but is increased by aromatics. At higher temperatures the gasoline composition has very little or no effect on pollutant conversion at stoichiometry. Differences appear only for CO and HC on the rich side where saturated hydrocarbons give lower conversion rates.&lt;/div&gt;
Sensitive and High‐Throughput Isolation of Rare Cells from Peripheral Blood with Ensemble‐Decision Aliquot Ranking (2012)

Enrichment of cells: An approach called ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) for isolating rare cells from peripheral blood is described. The eDAR process has a recovery of over 93 % (number of runs n=9) with a zero false positive rate (n=8) and provides direct easy access to individual isolated live cells for downstream single-cell manipulation and analysis (CTCs=circulating tumor cells).
Disposition of the new antidiabetic agent pioglitazone in rats, dogs, and monkeys. (1997)

The disposition of pioglitazone (CAS 105355-27-9, AD-4833) was studied after oral administration to rats, dogs, and monkeys using 14C-labeled drug. After oral dosing, pioglitazone was well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at an extent of 96, 95, and 90% in rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively. In rats, the concentration of pioglitazone in plasma reached a peak (Cmax 0.71 micrograms/ml) at 4 h (tmax) after dosing and declined with a half-life (t1/2) of 2.6 h. In dogs, tmax, Cmax and t1/2 were 0.5 h 0.32 micrograms/ml and 2.1 h, and those for monkeys were 4.3 h, 0.43 micrograms/ml and 5.3 h, respectively. The drug was metabolized mainly to M-I to M-VI including the pharmacologically active metabolites (M-II, III and IV). The pharmacologically active compounds (total of the unchanged compound and the above three active metabolites) accounted for 87, 71, and 73% of the radioactivity in plasma of rats, dogs and monkeys, respectively. The radioactivity was widely distributed in tissues after oral administration to rats, and decreased to the very low concentration within 24 to 72 h after dosing. Radioactivity dose was almost completely excreted in urine and feces.
Neutralization of Acidic Intracellular Vesicles by Niclosamide Inhibits Multiple Steps of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle In Vitro (2019)

Abstract Dengue fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral infections in large parts of tropical and subtropical countries and is a significant public health concern and socioeconomic burden. There is an urgent need to develop antivirals that can effectively reduce dengue virus (DENV) replication and decrease viral load. Niclosamide, an antiparasitic drug approved for human use, has been recently identified as an effective antiviral agent against a number of pH-dependent viruses, including flaviviruses. Here, we reveal that neutralization of low-pH intracellular compartments by niclosamide affects multiple steps of the DENV infectious cycle. Specifically, niclosamide-induced endosomal neutralization not only prevents viral RNA replication but also affects the maturation of DENV particles, rendering them non-infectious. We found that niclosamide-induced endosomal neutralization prevented E glycoprotein conformational changes on the virion surface of flaviviruses, resulting in the release of non-infectious immature virus particles with uncleaved pr peptide from host cells. Collectively, our findings support the potential application of niclosamide as an antiviral agent against flavivirus infection and highlight a previously uncharacterized mechanism of action of the drug.