gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XIX. 2-Substituted N6-Alkyladenines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XIX. 2-Substituted N6-AlkyladeninesJohn A. Montgomery, Lee B. Holum, and Thomas P. JohnstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 3963–3967Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data extraction and label assignment for web databases (2003)

Many tools have been developed to help users query, extract and integrate data from web pages generated dynamically from databases, i.e., from the Hidden Web. A key prerequisite for such tools is to obtain the schema of the attributes of the retrieved data. In this paper, we describe a system called, DeLa, which reconstructs (part of) a "hidden" back-end web database. It does this by sending queries through HTML forms, automatically generating regular expression wrappers to extract data objects from the result pages and restoring the retrieved data into an annotated (labelled) table. The whole process needs no human involvement and proves to be fast (less than one minute for wrapper induction for each site) and accurate (over 90% correctness for data extraction and around 80% correctness for label assignment).
Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1976)

Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biochemistry, this book provides clear, concise, well-exampled descriptions of the physical methods that biochemists and molecular biologists use.
EIN4 and ERS2 Are Members of the Putative Ethylene Receptor Gene Family in Arabidopsis (1998)

Jian Hua, Hajime Sakai, Saeid Nourizadeh, Qianhong G. Chen, Anthony B. Bleecker, Joseph R. Ecker, Elliot M. Meyerowitz, EIN4 and ERS2 Are Members of the Putative Ethylene Receptor Gene Family in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 8 (Aug., 1998), pp. 1321-1332
Phase I study of anticolon cancer humanized antibody A33. (2003)

The complementarity-determining region-grafted huA33 antibody is immunogenic in the majority of colon cancer patients (73%). HAHA activity can be measured reproducibly and quantitatively by BIACORE analysis. Whereas the huA33 construct tested here may be too immunogenic for further clinical development, the antitumor effects observed in the absence of antibody-mediated toxicity and in this heavily pretreated patient population warrant clinical testing of other IgG1 humanized versions of A33 antibody.
Bypass Mechanisms of Resistance to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Lung Cancer (2013)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are activated by somatic genetic alterations in a subset of cancers, and such cancers are often sensitive to specific inhibitors of the activated kinase. Two well-established examples of this paradigm include lung cancers with either EGFR mutations or ALK translocations. In these cancers, inhibition of the corresponding RTK leads to suppression of key downstream signaling pathways, such as the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathways, resulting in cell growth arrest and death. Despite the initial clinical efficacy of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitors in these cancers, resistance invariably develops, typically within 1 to 2 years. Over the past several years, multiple molecular mechanisms of resistance have been identified, and some common themes have emerged. One is the development of resistance mutations in the drug target that prevent the drug from effectively inhibiting the respective RTK. A second is activation of alternative RTKs that maintain the signaling of key downstream pathways despite sustained inhibition of the original drug target. Indeed, several different RTKs have been implicated in promoting resistance to EGFR and ALK inhibitors in both laboratory studies and patient samples. In this mini-review, we summarize the concepts underlying RTK-mediated resistance, the specific examples known to date, and the challenges of applying this knowledge to develop improved therapeutic strategies to prevent or overcome resistance.
Cellular Islet Autoimmunity Associates with Clinical Outcome of Islet Cell Transplantation (2008)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00623610.
Minimum-energy multicast in mobile ad hoc networks using network coding (2005)

The minimum energy required to transmit a bit of information through a network characterizes the most economical way to communicate in a network. In this paper, we show that under a simplified layered model of wireless networks, the minimum-energy multicast problem in mobile ad hoc networks is solvable as a linear program, assuming network coding. Compared with conventional routing solutions, network coding not only promises a potentially lower energy-per-bit, but also enables finding the optimal solution in polynomial time, in sharp contrast with the NP-hardness of constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree as the optimal routing solution.
The multifunctional peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase gene: exon/intron organization of catalytic, processing, and routing domains. (1992)

Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is a multifunctional protein containing two enzymes that act sequentially to catalyze the alpha-amidation of neuroendocrine peptides. Peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) catalyzes the first step of the reaction and is dependent on copper, ascorbate, and molecular oxygen. Peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL) catalyzes the second step of the reaction. Previous studies demonstrated that alternative splicing results in the production of bifunctional PAM proteins that are integral membrane or soluble proteins as well as soluble monofunctional PHM proteins. Rat PAM is encoded by a complex single copy gene that consists of 27 exons and encompasses more than 160 kilobases (kb) of genomic DNA. The 12 exons comprising PHM are distributed over at least 76 kb genomic DNA and range in size from 49-185 base pairs; four of the introns within the PHM domain are over 10 kb in length. Alternative splicing in the PHM region can result in a truncated, inactive PHM protein (rPAM-5), or a soluble, monofunctional PHM protein (rPAM-4) instead of a bifunctional protein. The eight exons comprising PAL are distributed over at least 19 kb genomic DNA. The exons encoding PAL range in size from 54-209 base pairs and have not been found to undergo alternative splicing. The PHM and PAL domains are separated by a single alternatively spliced exon surrounded by lengthy introns; inclusion of this exon results in the production of a form of PAM (rPAM-1) in which endoproteolytic cleavage at a paired basic site can separate the two catalytic domains. The exon following the PAL domain encodes the trans-membrane domain of PAM; alternative splicing at this site produces integral membrane or soluble PAM proteins. The COOH-terminal domain of PAM is comprised of a short exon subject to alternative splicing and a long exon encoding the final 68 amino acids present in all bifunctional PAM proteins along with the entire 3'-untranslated region. Analysis of hybrid cell panels indicates that the human PAM gene is situated on the long arm of chromosome 5.
Current and future directions in diagnostic markers in interstitial cystitis (2003)

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disorder of unknown etiology that is often diagnosed by symptom criteria with or without cystoscopic findings. Several potential diagnostic markers have recently been described that may facilitate diagnosis of this disorder. A summary of the literature and a discussion regarding these biomarkers is provided, along with a brief discussion of new biomarkers presented at the meeting.
Exploiting new market opportunities in telecommunications : lessons for developing countries (1995)

This paper is about policy reform in the telecommunications sector, where not only the physical network elements, but also the institutional elements are interdependent. Developing countries are in transition from telecommunications monopolies to multiple providers that compete with and complement each other. The promise of a pluralistic market structure may represent the only realistic hope of more than doubling telecommunications investments in the developing world to meet unfulfilled and growing demands for conventional and new services. For the promise of technological opportunities to be realized, interlocking measures will be needed to: (1) render incumbent providers more commercially oriented and subject to the same basic rules as other providers; (2) create a regulatory environment that provides incentives for efficient investment, protects consumers, and ensures fair competition; and (3) sensitively manages conflicting interests during the transition, especially in addressing the concerns of traditional telecommunications workers. Hence, the successful transition to a competitive structure follows not merely from technological developments that have reduced the economic benefits of large-sized operations, but it also follows, more importantly, from coordinated institutional reforms. As a consequence of their past failures in resource mobilization and service delivery, and aided by technological change, monopolies are giving way to a heterogeneous structures where competition exists in numerous markets. Promoting competition requires encouraging market entry. Eliminating cross-subsidization across services, physically separating assets and operations, and separating network and retail services through accounting measures are all ways to facilitate competition. The longer term regulatory task is to implement pricing rules that protect customers and provide incentives to operators to reduce their costs. At the same time, a regulator in a pluralistic regime must establish rules and prices for interconnecting multiple networks. Since the pace of change can be slowed by incumbent interests, like workers fearing displacement, sectoral reform must be led by forces outside the traditional sectoral establishment.
Curasan PRP kit vs. PCCS PRP system (2002)

An important reason to improve methods of isolating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the potential use of autologous thrombocyte growth factors. In addition to discontinuous cell separation, two methods for extracting PRP that can be performed directly by the surgeon are now available. This study compared the suitability of these two methods for the preparation of PRP. Whole blood was drawn from 47 healthy donors (18 men, 29 women) aged 20-59 years (mean 29.9, SD 7.7). For each donor, PRP was separated by the PCCS method (PCCS Kit, 3i Implant Innovations, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA) and by the Curasan method (analogous to the PRP kit, Curasan, Kleinostheim, Germany). Thrombocyte counts differed significantly (sign test P = 0.001) between the donor blood (mean 290,000/ micro l, SD 86,000/ microl), the PCCS PRP preparation (mean 2,209,000/ microl, SD 901,000/ microl), and the Curasan PRP (mean 1,075,000/ micro l, SD 636,000/ microl). The correlation between the thrombocyte count in the PRP and the thrombocyte count in the donor whole blood was greater for the PCCS PRP (Spearman's correlation coefficient rS = 0.60) than for the Curasan PRP (r(S) = 0.34). A slight, clinically irrelevant, influence of gender on thrombocyte concentration in whole blood was found, but no influence of age was detected.
Contoured Elastic-Membrane Microvalves for Microfluidic Network Integration (1999)

A contoured elastic-membrane microvalve is presented that enables integrated microfluidic processing at the network level. This method takes advantage of two ideas to improve performance: flexible elastic membranes (which enable high-performance shutoff and reduced footprint), and three-dimensionally contoured valve geometries (which reduce dead volume, improve fluidic priming, and reduce susceptibility to cavitation at high fluid velocities). We describe the use of laser-induced etching for microfluidic manifold fabrication, discuss the nonlinear load-deflection behavior of elastic membranes that can occur below 30 psi, and present flow-rate data for microvalves under inlet pressures of 0-20 psi with zero applied membrane pressure. Valve-closure data for inlet pressures of 0-30 psi are presented for fully assembled microvalve structures. The microvalve structures under test were capable of turning off flows of > 20 microL/s. These flow rates were shown to be limited by inlet and outlet flow resistances and not by the valve structure itself, so that higher maximum flow rate capabilities should be readily achieved.
Platinum-DNA adduct in leukocyte DNA of a cohort of 49 patients with 24 different types of malignancies. (1993)

Using atomic absorbance spectrometry with Zeeman background correction, we measured platinum-DNA adduct levels in leukocyte DNA of 49 patients receiving therapy consisting of only carboplatin and cisplatin. Twenty-four histological types of malignancy were included in the cohort. Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected at defined times during the first two cycles of treatment. The relationship between adduct level and disease response was highly statistically significant during cycle 1 of therapy (two-sided P = 0.007 at day 2), but statistical significance was lost during cycle 2. On all days studied, median and mean adduct levels were consistently higher in responders as compared to nonresponders (summary two-sided P = 0.0004). These data suggest that the processes which protect cellular DNA may be common to malignant and nonmalignant rapidly dividing tissues of the same individual, regardless of the type of tumor that individual may harbor.
Comparative language fuzz testing (2012)

We explore how programs written in ten popular programming languages are affected by small changes of their source code. This allows us to analyze the extend to which these languages allow the detection of simple errors at compile or at run time. Our study is based on a diverse corpus of programs written in several programming languages systematically perturbed using a mutation-based fuzz generator. The results we obtained prove that languages with weak type systems are significantly likelier than languages that enforce strong typing to let fuzzed programs compile and run, and, in the end, produce erroneous results. More importantly, our study also demonstrates the potential of comparative language fuzz testing for evaluating programming language designs.
Developmental appearance, antigenic profile, and proliferation of glial cells of the human embryonic spinal cord: An immunocytochemical study using dissociated cultured cells (1992)

We have investigated the time of appearance of the earliest differentiating glial cell types of human spinal cord using a panel of antigenic markers to identify them in cultures from 6- to 9-week-old human embryos. Immunolabeling performed at 14 h in vitro with the O4 mAb, an early oligodendrocyte marker, showed the presence of oligodendrocytes during the 7th week of age. At 8 weeks only a few of the O4+ cells expressed galactocerebroside (GalC), a marker of more differentiated oligodendrocytes. All the O4+ and GalC+ cells were vimentin+ and some of the GalC+ cells were A2B5+, GD3+ and SSEA-1+. During the first week in vitro many of the O4+ cells exhibiting a more immature, bi- or tri-polar morphology incorporated [3H]thymidine into their nuclei. Cells expressing the astrocyte-specific marker GFAP could be first observed at 8 weeks; almost all of these GFAP+ cells, which should correspond to radial glia on the basis of the current literature, were vimentin+, A2B5+, GD3+, and SSEA-1+. At 2 days in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine could be shown in a small fraction of these cells. The finding that radial glia and oligodendrocytes expressed similar antigenic features and the additional observation that a small, but consistent fraction of the cells were simultaneously labeled by O4 and anti-GFAP antibodies support the hypothesis that, in the human spinal cord, radial glial cells can give rise to both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes; in this respect, radial glial cells may be similar to the A2B5+, GD3+, vimentin+ bipotential glial progenitors previously identified in cultures from developing rat CNS, which also express A2B5, GD3, and vimentin.
Monoamine Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Antidepressant Response in Koreans With Late-Life Depression (2006)

Monoamine transporter gene polymorphisms were associated with response to antidepressants with homologous monoamine transporter targets. Combinations of polymorphisms were informative for response and nonresponse. Confirmation of these preliminary findings would permit refined pharmacogenetic selection of antidepressant treatment.
Preoperative Therapy With Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Followed by Sequential Adjuvant Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide for HER2 Overexpressing Stage II or III Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study (2002)

Preoperative trastuzumab and paclitaxel is active against HER2 overexpressing early-stage breast cancer and may be feasible as part of a sequential treatment program including anthracyclines. The observed changes in cardiac function merit further investigation. Correlative analyses of HER2 status may facilitate understanding of tumor response and resistance to targeted therapy.
A search for linkage in cystic fibrosis. (1976)

Linkage between the locus for cystic fibrosis and other genetic markers was explored in 40 families from Birmingham and 20 from Manchester. No strong evidence was found for linkage with any of the markers examined. There was evidence against close linkage with ABO, HLA, and Rh.
Residues near the N-terminus of protein B control autocatalytic proteolysis and the activity of soluble methane mono-oxygenase (2002)

Soluble methane mono-oxygenase (sMMO) of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) catalyses the O2-dependent and NAD(P)H-dependent oxygenation of methane and numerous other substrates. During purification, the sMMO enzyme complex, which comprises three components and has a molecular mass in excess of 300 kDa, becomes inactivated because of cleavage of just 12 amino acids from the N-terminus of protein B, which is the smallest component of sMMO and the only one without prosthetic groups. Here we have shown that cleavage of protein B, to form the inactive truncated protein B′, continued to occur when intact protein B was repeatedly separated from protein B′ and all detectable contaminants, giving compelling evidence that the protein was cleaved autocatalytically. The rate of autocatalytic cleavage decreased when the residues flanking the cleavage site were mutated, but the position of cleavage was unaltered. Analysis of a series of incremental truncates showed that residue(s) essential for the activity of sMMO, and important in determining the stability of protein B, lay in the region Ser4–Tyr7. Protein B was shown to possess intrinsic nucleophilic activity, which we propose initiates the cleavage reaction via a novel mechanism. Proteins B and B′ were detected in approximately equal amounts in the cell, showing that truncation of protein B is biologically relevant. Increasing the growth-medium copper concentration, which inactivates sMMO, did not alter the extent of in vivo cleavage, therefore the conditions under which cleavage of protein B may fulfil its proposed role as a regulator of sMMO remain to be identified.
Drug Delivery Devices Based on Mesoporous Silicate (2004)

A mesoporous material based on aluminosilicate mixture was studied to investigate its ability to include drugs and then release them. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as diflunisal, naproxen, ibuprofen and its sodium salt have been used in this study. The preparation of the mesoporous material and its characterization by X-ray, N2 absorption-desorption isotherm, and thermogravimetry analysis have been described. Drug loading was performed by a soaking procedure. Drug-loaded matrices were characterized for entrapped drug amount, water absorption ability, and thermogravimetric behavior. Drug release studies also were performed at pH 1.1 and 6.8 mimicking gastrointestinal fluids. Experimental results showed that this type of matrix is able to trap the bioactive agents by a soaking procedure and, then, to release them in conditions mimicking the biological fluids. Also, the high affinity of these matrices for water makes them potentially biocompatible. Release data suggest that the matrix impregnated with diflunisal offers good potential as a system for the modified drug release.
Overexpression of cyclin B1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells induces tumor cell invasive growth and metastasis (2007)

Cyclin B1, a key component in the control of cell cycle progression from G(2) to M phase, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and the development of malignancy. However, the underlying mechanism by which cyclin B1 acts as an important oncogenic molecule remains largely unknown. Here we show that ectopic expression of cyclin B1 promotes cell proliferation, enhances cell motility and migration and results in increased ability of cells extravasating through the capillary endothelium. Interestingly, isogenic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells overexpressing cyclin B1 reveal strong invasive growth and high potential of metastasis to lung in xenograft mice. Suppression of cyclin B1 expression via small interfering RNA approach in high-metastatic esophagus carcinoma cells specifically inhibits their ability to metastasize from the primary ESCC to lung. Notably, altered expression of epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers were observed in the cells overexpressing cyclin B1, suggesting that cyclin B1 contributes to metastasis probably by promoting an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results establish a mechanistic link between cyclin B1 and ESCC metastasis and provide novel insight into understanding of cyclin B1 in the development of ESCC malignancy.