gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged (1981)

Humoral antibodies and specific cellular immune reactions (proliferative immune response in the lymphocyte transformation test) to varicella-zoster virus antigen were measured in children, young adults, and elderly people. In children and young adults, the humoral varicella-zoster-specific antibodies and the virus-specific cellular immune response generally coincided. In the over-60 age group, however, a discrepancy was often observed between these parameters. Ninety percent of the elderly subjects showed humoral antibodies, but only 64% still had a measurable varicella-zoster-specific immune response. There was no correlation between the magnitude of the virus antigen-specific immune response and the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response (phytohemagglutinin stimulation). One in three elderly people, therefore, showed no cellular immune response to the varicella-zoster virus antigen, and this person could probably be regarded as a potential herpes zoster patient.
Transforming growth factor-β dynamically regulates vascular smooth muscle differentiation in vivo (1998)

Variations in the levels of smooth muscle-specific isoforms of contractile proteins have been reported to occur in many different vascular diseases. However, although much work has been done in vitro to investigate the regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation, the molecular mechanisms which regulate the differentiation of vascular smooth muscle tissue in vivo are unknown. Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we show that in rat arteries levels of smooth muscle differentiation markers correlate with the levels of the cytokine TGF-beta. In young mice with one allele of the TGF-beta1 gene deleted, the levels of both TGF-beta1 and smooth muscle differentiation markers are reduced compared to wild-type controls. This regulation of smooth muscle differentiation by TGF-beta during post-natal development also occurs dynamically in the adult animal. Following various pharmacological or surgical interventions, including treatment of mice with tamoxifen and balloon injury of rat carotid arteries, there is a strong correlation between the changes in the levels of TGF-beta and changes in the levels of smooth muscle differentiation markers (r=0. 9, P<0.0001 for n=26 experiments). We conclude that TGF-beta dynamically regulates smooth muscle differentiation in rodent arteries in vivo.
Late activation of apoptotic pathways plays a negligible role in mediating the cytotoxic effects of discodermolide and epothilone B in non-small cell lung cancer cells. (2002)

Discodermolide and epothilone B are promising novel chemotherapeutic agentsthat induce cell death through potent stabilization of microtubules. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular events underlying the cytotoxicity of these drugs in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, focusing on apoptotic characteristics. IC80 concentrations of either drug effectively disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton of H460 cells and induced cell cycle disturbances with early accumulation in the G2-M phase and development of a hypodiploid cell population in both H460 and SW1573 cells. These events were followed by abnormal chromosome segregation during mitosis and subsequent appearance of multinucleated cells. At later time points, the cells displayed several apoptotic features, such as nuclear condensation and fragmentation as well as Annexin V staining, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and the activation of caspases. To examine the contribution of apoptotic pathways to the cytotoxic effects of these agents, the involvement of the mitochondria and death receptor routes was studied. At 48 h after treatment, both agents disrupted mitochondria of H460 cells, as indicated by cytochrome c release. Nonetheless, H460 cells stably overexpressing antiapoptotic Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL did not show any protective effect from cell death induced by either drug. Possible death receptor dependency was investigated in H460 cells stably overexpressing dominant-negative FADD, which failed to reduce the cytotoxic effects of discodermolide and epothilone B. To study the role of caspases more directly, the effect of stable overexpression of the caspase-8 inhibitor cytokine response modifier A was studied in H460 cells. Furthermore, the effect of the pancaspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone was investigated in a panel of lung carcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, caspase inhibition did not rescue cells from discodermolide or epothilone B-induced cell death. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that despite several apoptotic features detected at relatively late time points after drug exposure, apoptosis is not the dominant mode of cell death and induced low but efficacious concentrations of discodermolide and epothilone B.
Neurospora: Contributions of a Model Organism (2000)

Preface 1. A Brief History 2. The Biology of Neurospora 3. Genome and Mitosis 4. Meiosis, Genetic Analysis, and Recombination Models 5. Mutational, Biochemical, and Molecular Rationales 6. Carbon Metabolism 7. Nitrogen, Sulfur and Phosphate Metabolism 8. Mitochondria 9. DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis 10. Stress 11. Metabolic Investigations 12. Growth and Form 13. Cell Recognition, Population Biology and Evolution 14. Genetic, Biochemical, and Molecular Techniques Appendix A. Neurospora Genetic Nomenclature Appendix B. Genetic Maps of N. crassa
Influence of the Extracellular Glutamate Concentration on the Intracellular Cyst(e)ine Concentration in Macrophages and on the Capacity to Release Cysteine (1989)

Cell culture experiments with approximately physiological amino-acid concentrations show that a 3- to 5-fold elevation of the extracellular glutamate concentration causes a substantial decrease of the intracellular cysteine and glutathione content of murine peritoneal macrophages. Our experiments show, moreover, that murine peritoneal macrophages, human peripheral blood monocytes, and murine fibroblastoid cells (L-cells) consume cystine and release cysteine into the extracellular space. This process was found to be markedly suppressed in all three cell types by a 3- to 5-fold increase of the extracellular glutamate concentration. Possible implications of these effects for the pathogenetic mechanism of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are discussed.
Mixed monolayers for the design of structured surfaces to induce oriented 3-D crystallization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed monolayers for the design of structured surfaces to induce oriented 3-D crystallizationI. Weissbuch, J. Majewski, K. Kjaer, J. Als-Nielsen, M. Lahav, and L. LeiserowitzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 49, 12848–12857Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100151a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100151a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
GGCCTG repeats put a hex on Purkinje cells and motor neurons in SCA36 (2012)

An increasing number of neurologic disorders are caused by microsatellite, or simple sequence, repeat expansions.[1][1] A group of diseases caused by polyglutamine-coding CAG expansions, including Kennedy disease, Huntington disease, and several spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), constitutes the
From global to local, a continuum of shape models with fractal priors (2002)

A new shape modeling scheme is introduced. It can transform smoothly from local (distributed parameter) to global (lumped parameter) models or vice-versa. The modeling scheme makes use of a hybrid primitive, called the deformable superquadric, constructed in an orthonormal wavelet basis. This multiresolution basis provides the power to continuously transform from local to global shape deformations, and thereby allow for a continuum of shape models-from those with local to those with global shape descriptive power-to be created. The characteristic of continuously transforming from local to global shape deformations allows the generation of fractal surfaces of arbitrary degree that can be useful in describing natural detail. These multiresolution shape models reembedded in a probabilistic framework and used for segmenting anatomical structures in the human brain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of Ferritin Light Chain (FTL) Is Elevated in Glioblastoma, and FTL Silencing Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation via the GADD45/JNK Pathway (2016)

Accumulating evidence suggests that iron-associated proteins contribute to tumor initiation and development. Ferritin light chain (FTL), a key protein in iron metabolism, is associated with the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of FTL in the pathogenesis of GBM. By using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we found that expression of FTL was higher in patients with GBM than in those with low-grade glioma. Immunofluorescence showed that FTL was mainly localized in the nucleus of GBM cells and was closely associated with mitotic spindles. Knockdown of FTL resulted in inhibition of cell growth and activation of the GADD45A/JNK pathway in GBM cells. Immunoblotting revealed that levels of GADD45A protein decreased in GBM cells when FTL expression increased. Furthermore, transfection of GADD45A in GBM cells significantly decreased cell viability, and this effect was impeded by co-transfection of FTL. Moreover, FTL was found to localize with GADD45A in GBM cells, and a coimmunoprecipitation experiment showed that the two proteins physically interacted. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which FTL regulates the growth of GBM cells via the GADD45/JNK pathway.
Trial watch: FDA-approved Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy (2012)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have first been characterized for their capacity to detect conserved microbial components like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA, resulting in the elicitation of potent (innate) immune responses against invading pathogens. More recently, TLRs have also been shown to promote the activation of the cognate immune system against cancer cells. Today, only three TLR agonists are approved by FDA for use in humans: the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and imiquimod. BCG (an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis) is mainly used as a vaccine against tuberculosis, but also for the immunotherapy of in situ bladder carcinoma. MPL (derived from the LPS of Salmonella minnesota) is included in the formulation of Cervarix®, a vaccine against human papillomavirus-16 and -18. Imiquimod (a synthetic imidazoquinoline) is routinely employed for actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and external genital warts (condylomata acuminata). In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recently completed clinical trials and discuss the progress of ongoing studies that have evaluated/are evaluating FDA-approved TLR agonists as off-label medications for cancer therapy.
Decreased levels of the gelsolin plasma isoform in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2008)

The plasma isoform of gelsolin is decreased in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls. The reduced plasma concentrations in combination with the presence of actin and gelsolin-actin complexes in synovial fluids suggest a local consumption of this potentially anti-inflammatory protein in the inflamed joint.
Pairwise Independence and Derandomization (2005)

This set of notes gives several applications of the following paradigm. The paradigm consists of two complementary parts. The first part is to design a probabilistic algorithm described by a sequence of random variables so that the analysis is valid assuming limited independence between the random variables. The second part is the design of a small probability space for the random variables such that they are somewhat independent of each other. Thus, the analysis of the algorithm holds even when the random variables used by the algorithm are generated according to the small space.
4.5: The Design and Driving of Active‐Matrix Electrochromic Displays Driven by LTPS TFTs (2006)

Abstract We have successfully driven a high‐resolution (200dpi) QVGA active‐matrix electro‐chromic display (AMECD) with integrated driver electronics fabricated using low‐temperature polysilicon thin‐film transistor (LTPS‐TFT) technology. This non‐volatile reflective display requires low operating voltages, and possesses the advantages of high contrast ratio, sharp image quality, very large viewing angle and an image retention of a few days.
The regulatory role of hepatoma-derived growth factor as an angiogenic factor in the eye. (2016)

These results suggest that HDGF is an angiogenic factor that regulates retinal vasculature in physiologic and pathological conditions. Identification of HDGF by ligandomics and its independent characterization in this study also support the validity of this new technology for systematic identification of cellular ligands, including angiogenic factors.
An Efficient Four-Parameter Affine Motion Model for Video Coding (2017)

In this paper, we study a simplified affine motion model based coding framework to overcome the limitation of translational motion model and maintain low computational complexity. The proposed framework mainly has three key contributions. First, we propose to reduce the number of affine motion parameters from 6 to 4. The proposed four-parameter affine motion model can not only handle most of the complex motions in natural videos but also save the bits for two parameters. Second, to efficiently encode the affine motion parameters, we propose two motion prediction modes, i.e., advanced affine motion vector prediction combined with a gradient-based fast affine motion estimation algorithm and affine model merge, where the latter attempts to reuse the affine motion parameters (instead of the motion vectors) of neighboring blocks. Third, we propose two fast affine motion compensation algorithms. One is the one-step sub-pixel interpolation, which reduces the computations of each interpolation. The other is the interpolation-precision-based adaptive block size motion compensation, which performs motion compensation at the block level rather than the pixel level to reduce the interpolation times. Our proposed techniques have been implemented based on the state-of-the-art high efficiency video coding standard, and the experimental results show that the proposed techniques altogether achieve on average 11.1% and 19.3% bits saving for random access and low delay configurations, respectively, on typical video sequences that have rich rotation or zooming motions. Meanwhile, the computational complexity increases of both encoder and decoder are within an acceptable range.
Contrast Agents for Diagnostic Ultrasound (1972)

A major advance in diagnostic ultrasound occurred with the discovery that indocyanine green completely opacifies the intraluminal areas of blood vessels and heart chambers on ultrasonic echograms containing these structures. Virtually any fluid if injected rapidly can produce this contrast effect, which is due to the production of cavitation bubbles. We evaluate here a number of agents as to their centrast efficacy. Ether, a fluid which boils vigorously at body temperature, was found to be the most effective contrast agent.
Lookahead Accumulation in Conservative Parallel Discrete Event Simulation. (2004)

Abstract. Lookahead is a key issue in distributed discrete event simulation. It becomes explicit in conservative simulation algorithms, where the two major approaches are the asynchronous null-message (CMB) algorithms and the synchronous window algorithms (CTW). In this paper we demonstrate how a hybrid algorithm can maximize the lookahead capabilities of a model by lookahead accumulation. Furthermore, per processor aggregation of the logical processes allows for tuning of the granularity. A qualitative performance analysis shows that in case of no hop-models our algorithm outperforms the traditional conservative algorithms. This is due to reduced synchronisation overhead caused by longer independent computation cycles, generated by the lookahead accumulation across the shortest lookahead path. 1
PEPVAC: a web server for multi-epitope vaccine development based on the prediction of supertypic MHC ligands (2005)

Prediction of peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is a basis for anticipating T-cell epitopes, as well as epitope discovery-driven vaccine development. In the human, MHC molecules are known as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and are extremely polymorphic. HLA polymorphism is the basis of differential peptide binding, until now limiting the practical use of current epitope-prediction tools for vaccine development. Here, we describe a web server, PEPVAC (Promiscuous EPitope-based VACcine), optimized for the formulation of multi-epitope vaccines with broad population coverage. This optimization is accomplished through the prediction of peptides that bind to several HLA molecules with similar peptide-binding specificity (supertypes). Specifically, we offer the possibility of identifying promiscuous peptide binders to five distinct HLA class I supertypes (A2, A3, B7, A24 and B15). We estimated the phenotypic population frequency of these supertypes to be 95%, regardless of ethnicity. Targeting these supertypes for promiscuous peptide-binding predictions results in a limited number of potential epitopes without compromising the population coverage required for practical vaccine design considerations. PEPVAC can also identify conserved MHC ligands, as well as those with a C-terminus resulting from proteasomal cleavage. The combination of these features with the prediction of promiscuous HLA class I ligands further limits the number of potential epitopes. The PEPVAC server is hosted by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at the site http://immunax.dfci.harvard.edu/PEPVAC/.
Effect of Acid and Heat on Dextrose and Dextrose Polymers (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Acid and Heat on Dextrose and Dextrose PolymersW. R. Fetzer, E. K. Crosby, C. E. Engel, and L. C. KirstCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 5, 1075–1083Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50521a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50521a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pulmonary Exercise Testing Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2005)

Pulmonary exercise testing is useful in predicting prognosis in patients with COPD.
10-W CW blue-violet diode laser array on the micro-channel cooler (2012)

Improved light output power of blue-violet laser diodes (BVLDs) is necessary in order to use them as a light source for crystallization of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films to fabricate thin film transistors (TFTs). A multi-emitter BVLD array is a promising solution to obtain high light output power. For realization of the high power blue-violet laser source, we carried out a thermal design using the finite element method (FEM). Because conventional packaging is significantly affected by heat dissipation, we mounted the multi-emitter BVLD array on micro-channel coolers (MCCs). A steady thermal analysis using FEM revealed that the direct-mounted BVLD array with appropriate emitter pitch had a flatshaped transverse temperature distribution across the array. In contrast, a convex-shaped distribution was obtained when a highly thermal conductive sub-mounts, such as a diamond-composite, was inserted between the array and the MCCs. The local temperature rise in the center emitter of the direct-mounted laser array was suppressed due to their relatively shorter heat transfer paths. The flat-shaped temperature distribution should contribute to achieving high optical output power. Therefore, the BVLD arrays were directly mounted on coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) controlled MCCs using AuSn hard solder. Under continuous wave (CW) operation, we achieved an output over 10 W with a ten-emitter BVLD array, which is the highest reported output power for a blue-violet laser source.
Combined multiuser detection and diversity reception for wireless CDMA systems (1996)

Code division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques using interference cancellation are being explored for the capacity increase in third-generation universal mobile telecommunications systems. However, multipath fading is a major constraint on the performance of wireless CDMA systems, with multipath propagation worsening the effects of multiple-access interference, and fading on propagation paths leading to the near far problem. Multiuser detection, exploiting the knowledge of other users to cancel multiple-access interference, has the capability of eliminating the near far problem and providing a significant capacity increase in CDMA systems. On the other hand, diversity techniques effectively combat the fading effects of the channel. This paper investigates multiuser receivers that combine explicit antenna diversity, RAKE multipath diversity, and multipath decorrelating detection. Both coherent reception with maximal-ratio combining and differentially coherent reception with equal-gain combining are analyzed. The results demonstrate a significant increase in up-link capacity over the conventional RAKE receiver, at the expense of complexity. In the case of limited receiver complexity, where the number of correlators is less than the number of resolvable paths at the RAKE front-end, antenna diversity is shown to be effective in reducing residual multiple-access interference.