gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oleosin Isoforms of High and Low Molecular Weights Are Present in the Oil Bodies of Diverse Seed Species (1990)

Oleosins are unique and major proteins localized on the surface of oil bodies in diverse seed species. We purified five different oleosins (maize [Zea mays L.] KD 16 and KD 18, soybean [Glycine max L.] KD 18 and KD 24, and rapeseed [Brassica campestris L.] KD 20), and raised chicken antibodies against them. These antibodies were used to test for immunological cross-reactivity among oleosins from diverse seed species. Within the same seed species, antibodies raised against one oleosin isoform did not cross-react with the other oleosin isoform (i.e. between maize oleosins KD 16 and KD 18, and between soybean oleosins KD 18 and KD 24). However, the respective antibodies were able to recognize oleosins from other seed species. Where interspecies cross-reactivity occurred, the results suggest that there are at least two immunologically distinct isoforms of oleosins present in diverse seed species, one of lower M(r), and another one of higher M(r). This suggestion is also supported by the relative similarities between the amino acid sequence of a small portion of rapeseed oleosin KD 20 and those of maize oleosins KD 16 and KD 18. In maize kernel, there was a tissue-specific differential presentation of the three oleosins, KD 16, KD 18, and KD 19, in the oil-storing scutellum, embryonic axis, and aleurone layer. The phylogenetic relationship between the high and low M(r) isoforms within the same, and among diverse, seed species is discussed.
Enhancement of neutrophil superoxide production by preincubation with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a 17,000-Da protein which is produced by mononuclear cells upon exposure to endotoxin. Increases in adherence, phagocytosis, hydrogen peroxide release, and lysozyme secretion have been demonstrated after prolonged incubation of human neutrophils with TNF. In this study, the ability of highly purified recombinant human TNF to modulate neutrophil responses to soluble stimuli was evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alone (0.1 to 10,000 units/ml) failed to induce neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production, granule release, or aggregation when incubated for up to 25 min at 37 degrees C. TNF did, however, stimulate a significant time-, dose-, and temperature-dependent increase in neutrophil F-actin content. Although exposure of neutrophils to TNF alone caused no superoxide anion production, it enhanced the O2- production in response to the chemotactic peptide, f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or the tumor promotor, phorbol myristate acetate, by as much as 278%. The enhancement was time-, dose-, and temperature-dependent and was due to a more rapid initial rate of O2- production. The TNF enhancement of FMLP-induced O2- production was blocked when an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody 241-1H11, is present during the preincubation period. TNF preincubation also enhanced FMLP-induced lysozyme release, but had no effect on aggregation and actin polymerization by FMLP. The kinetics of NADPH oxidase activation by arachidonic acid was unaltered by TNF. These results indicate that brief exposures to recombinant human TNF are able to enhance or prime the neutrophil oxidative burst in response to a second stimulus.
Myostatin Inhibition Prevents Diabetes and Hyperphagia in a Mouse Model of Lipodystrophy (2012)

Lipodystrophies are characterized by a loss of white adipose tissue, which causes ectopic lipid deposition, peripheral insulin resistance, reduced adipokine levels, and increased food intake (hyperphagia). The growth factor myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth, and mice with MSTN inhibition have reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity. MSTN inhibition may therefore be efficacious in ameliorating diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited MSTN signaling in a diabetic model of generalized lipodystrophy to analyze its effects on glucose metabolism separate from effects on adipose mass. A-ZIP/F1 lipodystrophic mice were crossed to mice expressing a dominant-negative MSTN receptor (activin receptor type IIB) in muscle. MSTN inhibition in A-ZIP/F1 mice reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, triglyceride levels, and the rate of triglyceride synthesis, and improved insulin sensitivity. Unexpectedly, hyperphagia was normalized by MSTN inhibition in muscle. Blood glucose and hyperphagia were reduced in double mutants independent of the adipokine leptin. These results show that the effect of MSTN inhibition on insulin sensitivity is not secondary to an effect on adipose mass and that MSTN inhibition may be an effective treatment for diabetes. These results further suggest that muscle may play a heretofore unappreciated role in regulating food intake.
Incorporation of Antigens into Viral Capsids Augments Immunogenicity of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector-Based Vaccines (2012)

Genetic modification of adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids has previously been exploited to redirect viral tropism. Here we demonstrate that engineering of AAV capsids as scaffolds for antigen display augments antigen-specific immunogenicity. Combining antigen display with vector-mediated overexpression resulted in a single-shot prime-boost vaccine. This new class of vaccines induced immune responses significantly faster and an IgG antibody pool of higher avidity than conventional vectors, highlighting the potency of capsid modification in vaccine development.
Randomized Phase II Study of Erlotinib Plus Tivantinib Versus Erlotinib Plus Placebo in Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

The combination of the MET inhibitor tivantinib and erlotinib is well-tolerated. Although the study did not meet its primary end point, evidence of activity was demonstrated, especially among patients with KRAS mutations. Additional study of tivantinib and erlotinib in patients with NSCLC is planned.
Studies of electroosmotic flow and the effects of protein adsorption in plasma‐polymerized microchannel surfaces (2009)

This paper presents a study of EOF properties of plasma-polymerized microchannel surfaces and the effects of protein (fibrinogen and lysozyme) adsorption on the EOF behavior of the surface-modified microchannels. Three plasma polymer surfaces, i.e. tetraglyme, acrylic acid and allylamine, are tested. Results indicate EOF suppression in all plasma-coated channels compared with the uncoated glass microchannel surfaces. The EOF behaviors of the modified microchannels after exposure to protein solutions are also investigated and show that even low levels of protein adsorption can significantly influence EOF behavior, and in some cases, result in the reversal of flow. The results also highlight that EOF measurement can be used as a method for detecting the presence of proteins within microchannels at low surface coverage (<1 ng/cm(2) on glass). Critically, the results illustrate that the non-fouling tetraglyme plasma polymer is able to sustain EOF. Comparison of the plasma-polymerized surfaces with conventionally grafted polyelectrolyte surfaces demonstrates the stabilities of the plasma polymer films, enabling multiple EOF runs over 3 days without deterioration in performance. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that plasma polymers enable the surface chemistry of microfluidic devices to be tailored for specific applications. Critically, the deposition of the non-fouling tetraglyme coating enables stable EOF to be induced in the presence of protein.
Designing the user interface strategies for effective human-computer interaction (1987)

No abstract available.
Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanisms in Human Hematopoiesis (2001)

Autocrine/paracrine regulatory mechanisms are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of several hematologic malignancies. Evidence is accumulating that various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines are expressed and secreted by normal early and differentiated hematopoietic cells and thus could also regulate normal hematopoiesis in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In this review we summarize recent advances in identification and understanding of the role of autocrine/paracrine axes in the growth of both malignant and normal human hematopoietic cells. Better understanding of intercellular crosstalk operating in normal and pathological states and the mechanisms regulating synthesis of these endogenously produced factors (potential targets for various pharmacological approaches) may allow us to improve antileukemia treatments, undertake more efficient ex vivo stem cell expansion, and develop other therapeutic strategies.
A software for complete calibration of multicamera systems (2005)

We present a software for complete metric calibration of synchronized multicamera setups. The minimum is three cameras, but there is no upper limit. The method is fully automatic and a freely moving bright spot is the only calibration object. No camera pre-calibration is required. The software computes complete set of intrinsic camera parameters including the parameters of non-linear distortion as well as external orientation of the cameras in one common coordinate system. The software is written in Matlab, runs in non-interactive mode and produces both textual and intuitive graphical output. It is very robust and may be run with the same set of parameters in different setups. The software is free. We suggest a trick on how to adapt a very ordinary laser pointer to be a useful calibration object. Projections of such calibration object are localized with sub-pixel accuracy. Average reprojection error around 1/5 pixel was reached in well synchronized multicamera setups even for wide-angle lenses with severe non-linear distortion. We show several virtual reality and telepresence applications demonstrating the usefulness of having multicamera setups being fully calibrated.
Limited oral bioavailability and active epithelial excretion of paclitaxel (Taxol) caused by P-glycoprotein in the intestine (1997)

In mice, the mdr1a and mdr1b genes encode drug-transporting proteins that can cause multidrug resistance in tumor cells by lowering intracellular drug levels. These P-glycoproteins are also found in various normal tissues such as the intestine. Because mdr1b P-glycoprotein is not detectable in the intestine, mice with a homozygously disrupted mdr1a gene [mdr1a(-/-) mice] do not contain functional P-glycoprotein in this organ. We have used these mdr1a(-/-) mice to study the effect of gut P-glycoprotein on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves was 2- and 6-fold higher in mdr1a(-/-) mice than in wild-type (wt) mice after i.v. and oral drug administration, respectively. Consequently, the oral bioavailability in mice receiving 10 mg paclitaxel per kg body weight increased from only 11% in wt mice to 35% in mdr1a(-/-) mice. The cumulative fecal excretion (0-96 hr) was markedly reduced from 40% (after i.v. administration) and 87% (after oral administration) of the administered dose in wt mice to below 3% in mdr1a(-/-) mice. Biliary excretion was not significantly different in wt and mdr1a(-/-) mice. Interestingly, after i.v. drug administration of paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) to mice with a cannulated gall bladder, 11% of the dose was recovered within 90 min in the intestinal contents of wt mice vs. <3% in mdr1a(-/-) mice. We conclude that P-glycoprotein limits the oral uptake of paclitaxel and mediates direct excretion of the drug from the systemic circulation into the intestinal lumen.
3DTouch and HOMER-S (2013)

Existing interaction techniques for mobile AR often use the multi-touch capabilities of the device's display for object selection and manipulation. To provide full 3D manipulation by touch in an integral way, existing approaches use complex multi finger and hand gestures. However, they are difficult or impossible to use in one-handed handheld AR scenarios and their usage requires prior knowledge. Furthermore, a handheld's touch screen offers only two dimensions for interaction and limits manipulation to physical screen size. To overcome these problems, we present two novel intuitive six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) manipulation techniques, 3DTouch and HOMER-S. While 3DTouch uses only simple touch gestures and decomposes the degrees of freedom, Homer-S provides full 6DOF and is decoupled from screen input to overcome physical limitations. In a comprehensive user study, we explore performance, usability and accuracy of both techniques. Therefore, we compare 3DTouch with HOMER-S in four different scenarios with varying transformation requirements. Our results reveal both techniques to be intuitive to translate and rotate objects. HOMER-S lacks accuracy compared to 3DTouch but achieves significant performance increases in terms of speed for transformations addressing all 6DOF.
High-Temperature, Forced-Air Quarantine Treatment for Papayas Infested with Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1989)

A high-temperature forced-air (HTFA) disinfestation treatment using four temperature stages was developed to disinfest Hawaii-grown papaya, Carica papaya L. cv. Solo, of the egg and larval stages of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett; and oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel. The fourstage treatment forced 43 ± 1, 45 ± 1, 46.5 ± 1, and 49 ± 0.5°C hot air over the papaya surfaces until the fruit center temperatures at the end of each temperature stage reached 41 ± 1.5,44 ± 1,46.5 ± 0.75, and 47.2°C, respectively. Each of the first three temperature stages required about 2 h to heat the fruit to the corresponding fruit center temperatures; the last temperature stage required <1 h to raise the fruit center temperatures to 47.2°C. Relative humidity of 40-60% during treatment prevented fruit damage. When the fruit center temperatures reached 47.2°C, the papayas were immediately hydrocooled until the fruit center temperatures were ≤30°C. Phytotoxicity tests showed that the HTFA treatment was not detrimental to fruit quality. Survival tests with the HTFA treatment until final fruit center temperatures were 43.2, 45.2, or 46.2°C showed little or no survival between 46.2 and 47.2°C for C. capitata , and between 45.2 and 46.2°C for D. cucurbitae and D. dorsalis. D. cucurbitae was more susceptible to the HTFA treatment than C. capitata or D. dorsalis . Survival tests also showed that either first or third instars were more susceptible to the HTFA treatment than eggs for all three fruit fly species.
[Nucleotide sequence of phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase genes from Bacillus cereus BKM-B164]. (1993)

A BamHI-EcoRV DNA fragment, containing tandemly arranged genes for the Bacillus cereus VKM-B164 phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase, has been cloned and sequenced in pUC19 plasmid (EMBL accession No X64141). The obtained gene sequences have been compared with those the B. cereus strains SE-1, IAM-1208 and GP-4 reported previously. Both phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase gene sequences of the VKM-B164 strain were found to be identical to those of the strain SE-1 and to differ from the sequences of GP-4 and IAM-1208 strains, containing another version of the gene sequences.
The Th2-Restricted Immune Response to Xenogeneic Small Intestinal Submucosa Does Not Influence Systemic Protective Immunity to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens (2002)

Implantation of mice with xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) not only results in tissue remodeling but also elicits a strong Th2 immune response. It is possible that the Th2 cytokines induced by ECM act systemically and result in immune suppression to unrelated antigens. In this case, the recipient would be predisposed to immune dysfunction and have increased susceptibility to various pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine if ECM implantation does, in fact, influence the immune response to other antigens. Four models were examined to determine the effects of ECM implantation on systemic immunity. In the first model, mice were subcutaneously implanted with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and immunized with a T-dependent subunit vaccine against influenza virus. The antibody response and protection against lethal infection were then measured. The second model consisted of similar experiments performed using a T-independent polysaccharide vaccine against S. pneumoniae. In the third model, mice were implanted and the cell-mediated response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) challenge was determined. The fourth model involved examining the influence of SIS implantation on rejection of xenogeneic skin grafts. We found that antibody levels of mice vaccinated against influenza virus or S. pneumoniae were not affected by SIS implantation and these mice did not exhibit increased or decreased susceptibility to either infectious agent. Similarly, mice implanted with ECM showed no cell-mediated immune dysfunction upon challenge with DNFB or xenogeneic skin grafts. The results of this study demonstrate that the Th2-restricted response induced by xenogeneic ECM implantation does not cause generalized immune suppression. Therefore, SIS implantation does not increase susceptibility to viral or bacterial pathogenic agents.
Triggering of Toll-like Receptor 4 Expressed on Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Promotes Tumor Development and Protects the Tumor from Immune Attack (2009)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on inflammatory cells play a key role in host defense against pathogens, benefiting the host. TLR are also expressed on tumor cells. To evaluate the role of TLR in tumor cells, we investigated TLR4 signaling effects on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumor tissues were obtained from 27 patients with laryngeal and 12 with oral cavity cancers. Normal mucosa was obtained from 10 patients with nonneoplastic disorders. Smears for bacteria were taken from all patients during surgery. TLR4 expression in tumors and HNSCC cell lines (PCI-1, PCI-13, and PCI-30) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth, apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation, and MyD88 and IRAK-4 expression, as well as Akt phosphorylation were measured following tumor cell exposure to the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor cell sensitivity to NK-92-mediated lysis was evaluated in 4-hour (51)Cr-release assays. Cytokine levels in HNSCC supernatants were measured in Luminex-based assays. TLR4 was expressed in all tumors, HNSCC cell lines, and normal mucosa. The TLR4 expression intensity correlated with tumor grade. LPS binding to TLR4 on tumor cells enhanced proliferation, activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, up-regulated IRAK-4 expression, induced nuclear NF-kappaB translocation, and increased production (P<0.05) of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. TLR4 triggering protected tumor cells from lysis mediated by NK-92 cells. TLR4 ligation on tumor cells supports HNSCC progression.
3A1 (CD7) expression precedes T beta gene rearrangements in precursor T (lymphoblastic) neoplasms (1986)

The phenotypes of early stages of T cell maturation are reflected by precursor T (lymphoblastic) neoplasms. In the present study, a series of such neoplasms was analyzed to reveal the developmental association of the expression of stage-related cell surface markers and T cell receptor gene rearrangement. Rearrangements of the T cell receptor beta- chain (T beta) gene were found in most, but not all, cases (88%) of T cell lymphoblastic neoplasms. T beta gene rearrangement preceded surface expression of the T cell receptor-linked molecular complex T3. Of all monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies tested, only antibody 3A1 was capable of reacting with neoplastic cells from all cases irrespective of the occurrence of T cell receptor gene rearrangements. In contrast, markers T1 and T11, normally expressed by mature T cells, were absent from the neoplastic cells in many cases (73% and 60% positive cases, respectively). Thus, antibody 3A1 is a valuable probe for the identification of T lymphoblastic neoplasms since its target antigen is consistently expressed and does not require prior T beta gene rearrangement. Furthermore, expression of 3A1 prior to T beta gene rearrangement suggests that it may be a cell surface protein that participates in the triggering of T cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression. It is concluded that precursor T cell neoplasms display an early T cell development hierarchy that, in sequence, consists of 3A1 expression, T beta gene rearrangements, and surface T3 expression.
Glutaredoxin Accelerates Glutathione-dependent Folding of Reduced Ribonuclease A Together with Protein Disulfide-isomerase (1995)

Glutaredoxin (Grx) contains a redox-active disulfide and catalyzes thiol-disulfide interchange reactions with specificity for GSH. The dithiol form of Grx reduces mixed disulfides involving GSH or protein disulfides. During oxidative refolding of 8 microM reduced and denatured ribonuclease RNase-(SH)8 in a redox buffer of 1 mM GSH and 0.2 mM GSSG to yield native RNase-(S2)4, a large number of GSH-mixed disulfide species are formed. A lag phase that precedes formation of folded active RNase at a steady-state rate was shortened or eliminated by the presence of a catalytic concentration (0.5 microM) of Escherichia coli Grx together with protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), its procaryotic equivalent E. coli DsbA, or the PDI analogue the E. coli thioredoxin mutant protein P34H. A mutant Grx in which one of the active site cysteine residues (Cys-11 and Cys-14) had been replaced by serine, C14S Grx, had similar effect compared with its wild-type counterpart. This demonstrated that Grx acted by a monothiol mechanism involving only Cys-11 and that RNase-S-SG-mixed disulfides were the substrates. Grx displayed synergistic activity together with PDI only in GSH/GSSG redox buffers with sufficiently low redox potential (E'0 of -208 or -181 mV) to allow reduction of the active site of Grx. In refolding systems that do not depend on glutathione, like cystamine/cysteamine or in the presence of selenite (SeO3(2-)), no synergistic activity of Grx was observed with PDI. We conclude that Grx acts by reducing mixed disulfides between GSH and RNase that are rate-limiting in enzyme-catalyzed refolding.
Baculovirus Expression of Chicken Nonmuscle Heavy Meromyosin II-B (1996)

We have expressed two truncated isoforms of chicken nonmuscle myosin II-B using the baculovirus expression system. One of the expressed heavy meromyosins (HMMexp) consists of two 150-kDa myosin heavy chains (MHCs), comprising amino acids 1-1231 as well as two pairs of 20-kDa and 17-kDa myosin light chains (MLCs) in a 1:1:1 molar ratio. The second HMMexp was identical except that it contained an insert of 10 amino acids (PESPKPVKHQ) at the 25-50-kDa domain boundary in the subfragment-1 region of the MHC. These 10 amino acids include a consensus sequence (SPK) for proline-directed kinases. Expressed HMMs were soluble at low ionic strength and bound to rabbit skeletal muscle actin in an ATP-dependent manner. These properties afforded a rapid purification of milligram quantities of expressed protein. Both isoforms were capable of moving actin filaments in an in vitro motility assay and manifested a greater than 20-fold activation of actin-activated MgATPase activity following phosphorylation of the 20-kDa MLC. HMMexp with the 10-amino acid insert was phosphorylated by Cdc2, Cdk5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in vitro to 0.3-0.4 mol of PO4/mol of MHC. The site phosphorylated in the MHC was identified as the serine residue present in the 10-amino acid insert and its presence was confirmed in bovine brain MHCs. Characterization of the baculovirus expressed noninserted and inserted MHC isoforms with respect to actin-activated MgATPase activity and ability to translocate actin filaments in an in vitro motility assay produced the following average values following MLC phosphorylation: noninserted HMMexp, Vmax = 0.28 s-1, Km = 12.7 microM; translocation rate = 0.077 micron/s; inserted HMMexp, Vmax = 0.37 s-1, Km = 15.1 microM; translocation rate = 0.092 micron/s.