gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte Adhesion to Activated Aortic Endothelium: Role of L-Selectin and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (1997)

This study examines the role of L-selectin in monocyte adhesion to arterial endothelium, a key pathogenic event of atherosclerosis. Using a nonstatic (rotation) adhesion assay, we observed that monocyte binding to bovine aortic endothelium at 4 degrees C increased four to nine times upon endothelium activation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. mAb-blocking experiments demonstrated that L-selectin mediates a major part (64 +/- 18%) of monocyte attachment. Videomicroscopy experiments performed under flow indicated that monocytes abruptly halted on 8-h TNF-alpha-activated aortic endothelium, approximately 80% of monocyte attachment being mediated by L-selectin. Flow cytometric studies with a L-selectin/IgM heavy chain chimeric protein showed calcium-dependent L-selectin binding to cytokine-activated and, unexpectedly, unactivated aortic cells. Soluble L-selectin binding was completely inhibited by anti-L-selectin mAb or by aortic cell exposure to trypsin. Experiments with cycloheximide, chlorate, or neuraminidase showed that protein synthesis and sulfate groups, but not sialic acid residues, were essential for L-selectin counterreceptor function. Moreover, heparin lyases partially inhibited soluble L-selectin binding to cytokine-activated aortic cells, whereas a stronger inhibition was seen with unstimulated endothelial cells, suggesting that cytokine activation could induce the expression of additional ligand(s) for L-selectin, distinct from heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Under flow, endothelial cell treatment with heparinase inhibited by approximately 80% monocyte attachment to TNF-alpha-activated aortic endothelium, indicating a major role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in monocyte-endothelial interactions. Thus, L-selectin mediates monocyte attachment to activated aortic endothelium, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans serve as arterial ligands for monocyte L-selectin.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines for Codeine Therapy in the Context of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Genotype (2011)

Codeine is bioactivated to morphine, a strong opioid agonist, by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6); hence, the efficacy and safety of codeine as an analgesic are governed by CYP2D6 polymorphisms. Codeine has little therapeutic effect in patients who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, whereas the risk of morphine toxicity is higher in ultrarapid metabolizers. The purpose of this guideline (periodically updated at http://www.pharmgkb.org) is to provide information relating to the interpretation of CYP2D6 genotype test results to guide the dosing of codeine.
A simple procedure for the deuteriation of phenols (2000)

A simple procedure for the deuteriation of a large range of phenols has been developed using Amberlyst 15, a polymer supported acid catalyst. A number of phenols present in olive oil have been successfully deuteriated. The aromatic protons of hydroxytyrosol are 100% exchanged under the conditions used. This method is applicable for the tritiation of phenols. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct demonstration of the isomerization component of the monoterpene cyclase reaction using a cyclopropylcarbinyl pyrophosphate substrate analog. (1987)

The tightly coupled nature of the reaction sequence catalyzed by monoterpene cyclases has precluded direct observation of the topologically required isomerization step leading from geranyl pyrophosphate to the presumptive, enzyme-bound, tertiary allylic intermediate linalyl pyrophosphate, which ultimately cyclizes to the various monoterpene skeletons. By using a partially purified monoterpene cyclase preparation and 2,3-cyclopropylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a substrate analog designed to uncouple the reaction sequence, the production of the corresponding tertiary homoallylic pyrophosphate isomer was demonstrated. This provides direct evidence for the usually cryptic isomerase component of the overall catalytic cycle. A number of other related products generated by reaction of cyclase with the analog were also identified, the structures and proportions of which were consistent with the intermediacy in catalysis of a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation X pyrophosphate anion pair. Kinetic parameters for the analog were compared with those of the natural substrate geranyl pyrophosphate. The results presented confirm mechanistic similarities in the enzymatic ionization and subsequent transformation of allylic pyrophosphate and cyclopropylcarbinyl pyrophosphate intermediates of isoprenoid metabolism.
Gene delivery mediated by cationic liposomes: from biophysical aspects to enhancement of transfection (1999)

Cationic liposomes complexed with DNA have been used extensively as non-viral vectors for the intracellular delivery of reporter or therapeutic genes in culture and in vivo. However, the relationship between the features of the lipid-DNA complexes ('lipoplexes') and their mode of interaction with cells, the efficiency of gene transfer and gene expression remain to be clarified. To gain insights into these aspects, the size and zeta potential of cationic liposomes (composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3- (trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP) and its mixture with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)), and their complexes with DNA at different (+/-) charge ratios were determined. A lipid mixing assay was used to assess the interaction of liposomes and lipoplexes with monocytic leukaemia cells. The use of inhibitors of endocytosis indicated that fusion of the cationic liposomes with cells occurred mainly at the plasma membrane level. However, very limited transfection of these cells was achieved using the above complexes. It is possible that the topology of the cationic liposome-DNA complexes does not allow the entry of DNA into cells through a fusion process at the plasma membrane. In an attempt to enhance transfection mediated by lipoplexes composed of DOTAP and its equimolar mixture with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) two different strategies were explored: (i) association of a targeting ligand (transferrin) to the complexes to promote their internalization, presumably by receptor-mediated endocytosis; and (ii) association of synthetic fusogenic peptides (GALA or the influenza haemagglutinin N-terminal peptide HA-2) to the complexes to promote endosomal destabilization and release of the genetic material into the cytoplasm. These strategies were effective in enhancing transfection in a large variety of cells, including epithelial and lymphoid cell lines, as well as human macrophages, especially with the use of optimized lipid/DNA (+/-) charge ratios. Besides leading to high levels of transfection, the ternary complexes of cationic liposomes, DNA, and protein or peptide, have the advantages of being active in the presence of serum and being non-toxic. Moreover, such ternary complexes present a net negative charge and, thus, are likely to alleviate the problems associated with the use of highly positively charged complexes in vivo, such as avid complexation with serum proteins. Overall, the results indicate that these complexes, and their future derivatives, may constitute viable alternatives to viral vectors for gene delivery in vivo.
Comprehensive search for cysteine cathepsins in the human genome (2004)

Our study was aimed at examinating whether or not the human genome encodes for previously unreported cysteine cathepsins. To this end, we used analyses of the genome sequence and mRNA expression levels. The program TBLASTN was employed to scan the draft sequence of the human genome for the 11 known cysteine cathepsins. The cathepsin-like segments in the genome were inspected, filtered, and annotated. In addition to the known cysteine cathepsins, the scan identified three pseudogenes, closely related to cathepsin L, on chromosome 10, as well as two remote homologs, tubulointerstitial protein antigen and tubulointerstitial protein antigen-related protein. No new members of the family were identified. mRNA expression profiles for 10 known human cysteine cathepsins showed varying expression levels in 46 different human tissues and cell lines. No expression of any of the three cathepsin L-like pseudogenes was found. Based on these results, it is likely that to date all human cysteine cathepsins are known.
Vascular Injury Induces Expression of Periostin (2004)

Periostin expression is associated with smooth muscle cell differentiation in vitro and promotes cell migration. Unlike other mesenchymally derived cell lines, periostin expression is not regulated by FGF-2 in smooth muscle cells. This distinction may be useful in discriminating smooth muscle and fibroblast lineages.
Inhibition of JNK by Overexpression of the JNK Binding Domain of JIP-1 Prevents Apoptosis in Sympathetic Neurons (2001)

Studies in non-neuronal cells show that c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) play a key role in apoptotic cell death. In some neurons JNK is also thought to initiate cell death by the activation of c-Jun. JNK inhibition has been achieved pharmacologically by inhibiting upstream kinases, but there has been no direct demonstration that inhibition of JNK can prevent neuronal death. We have therefore examined whether the JNK binding domain (JBD) of JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1, a scaffold protein and specific inhibitor of JNK) can inhibit c-Jun phosphorylation and support the survival of sympathetic neurons deprived of NGF. We show that expression of the JBD in >80% of neurons was sufficient to prevent the phosphorylation of c-Jun and its nuclear accumulation as well as abrogate neuronal cell death induced by NGF deprivation. JBD expression also preserved the capacity of mitochondria to reduce MTT. Interestingly, although the PTB domain of JIP was reported to interact with rhoGEF, expression of the JBD domain was sufficient to localize the protein to the membrane cortex and growth cones. Hence, JNK activation is a key event in apoptotic death induced by NGF withdrawal, where its point of action lies upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Oestrogen receptor knockout mice: roles for oestrogen receptors alpha and beta in reproductive tissues (2003)

Oestrogen is an essential component of female reproduction, with well-characterized functions in the uterus, ovaries, mammary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The mechanism of oestrogen action involves mediation of the rate of transcription by nuclearlocalized oestrogen receptor molecules. Two oestrogen receptors are present in mouse tissues, oestrogen receptors and . Each receptor exhibits differential tissue expression patterns. Mouse models with genetically engineered disruption or 'knockout' of the oestrogen receptors have been developed. Characterization of the resulting defects in reproductive tissues as well as alterations in physiological and genomic responses has given insight into the receptor-mediated effects of oestrogen in reproduction. Oestrogen receptor knockout females are infertile because they are anovulatory, have disruption in LH regulation and have uteri that are insensitive to oestrogen. In contrast, oestrogen receptor knockout females are sub-fertile and primarily lack efficient ovulatory function. Mice with deletion of both oestrogen receptors and are similar to those lacking oestrogen receptor only, but exhibit a unique ovarian pathology. These observed phenotypes elucidate the relative roles of the oestrogen receptors in reproductive functions of female rodents.
Low-complexity image denoising based on statistical modeling of wavelet coefficients (1999)

We introduce a simple spatially adaptive statistical model for wavelet image coefficients and apply it to image denoising. Our model is inspired by a recent wavelet image compression algorithm, the estimation-quantization (EQ) coder. We model wavelet image coefficients as zero-mean Gaussian random variables with high local correlation. We assume a marginal prior distribution on wavelet coefficients variances and estimate them using an approximate maximum a posteriori probability rule. Then we apply an approximate minimum mean squared error estimation procedure to restore the noisy wavelet image coefficients. Despite the simplicity of our method, both in its concept and implementation, our denoising results are among the best reported in the literature.
Mechanical Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Three-Legged Six Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator (1992)

Abstract In this paper a three-legged 6-dof platform-type parallel manipulator is described. Each of the legs is a serial subchain with three revolute joints connected to the output platform via a spherical joint. Due to the proposed asymmetrical 3-2-1 distribution of the controlled joints, a closed-form solution exists to the forward kinematics problem. The mechanical design of the manipulator has been developed. The forward and inverse kinematics as well as the instantaneous kinematics of the mechanism have been solved analytically.
The interaction of architecture and operating system design (1991)

article Free Access Share on The interaction of architecture and operating system design Authors: Thomas E. Anderson View Profile , Henry M. Levy View Profile , Brian N. Bershad View Profile , Edward D. Lazowska View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 25Issue Special IssueApr. 1991 pp 108–120https://doi.org/10.1145/106974.106985Online:01 April 1991Publication History 173citation2,181DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations173Total Downloads2,181Last 12 Months104Last 6 weeks17 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Comparison of conformations of small molecule structures from the Protein Data Bank with those generated by Concord, Cobra, ChemDBS-3D, and Converter and those extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of conformations of small molecule structures from the Protein Data Bank with those generated by Concord, Cobra, ChemDBS-3D, and Converter and those extracted from the Cambridge Structural DatabaseEleanor M. Ricketts, John Bradshaw, Mike Hann, Fiona Hayes, Neil Tanna, and David M. RickettsCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1993, 33, 6, 905–925Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00016a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00016a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Method of Temperature Control in Microwave Ferroelectric Measurements (1960)

First Page
Bit-level analysis of an SRT divider circuit (1996)

It is impractical to verify multiplier or divider circuits entirely at the bit-level using ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), because the BDD representations for these functions grow exponentially with the word size. It is possible, however, to analyze individual stages of these circuits using BDDs. Such analysis can be helpful when implementing complex arithmetic algorithms. As a demonstration, we show that Intel could have used BDDs to detect erroneous lookup table entries in the Pentium(TM) floating point divider. Going beyond verification, we show that bit-level analysis can be used to generate a correct version of the table.
THE EFFECTS OF β1,3-GLUCANS ON BLOOD COAGULATION AND AMEBOCYTE RELEASE IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB,LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS (1985)

The best-studied defense reaction in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, involves the exocytotic release of a clotting system from the blood cells (amebocytes) and the formation of an extracellular clot in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Although β1,3-glucans, apparently serving as signals for the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi, trigger release, blood coagulation, and activation of the prophenol-oxidase system in many arthropods, Limulus appears to be unresponsive to endotoxin-free preparations of naturally occurring β1,3-glucans. However, the carboxymethylated β1,3-glucan derivative CMPS induced gelation of amebocyte lysates. The induction of clotting enzyme activity and gelation of amebocyte lysate by CMPS followed a complex pattern. Enzymatic activity generated by CMPS was only 15-42% of that produced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Neither native β1,3-glucans nor CMPS induced exocytosis of living Limulus amebocytes. We conclude that although CMPS produced coagulation of amebocyte lysates, the response is of questionable biological significance since native β1,3-glucans were inactive. The blood of Limulus lacked detectable phenoloxidase activity.
Androgen deficiency and bone mineral density in men with rheumatoid arthritis. (2000)

Reduced BMD is common among men with RA. The predictors for spine and femoral neck BMD bear little direct relationship to blood testosterone concentrations despite the relatively high prevalence of low testosterone concentrations in this population. These findings are more consistent with the possibility that low testosterone concentrations in men with RA are a bystander effect of systemic inflammatory disease.
Intramolecular photoaddition of terminal allenes to conjugated cyclohexenones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular photoaddition of terminal allenes to conjugated cyclohexenonesDan Becker, Zvi Harel, Meshulam Nagler, and Arie GillonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 17, 3297–3306Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00138a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00138a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidative renaturation of lysozyme at high concentrations (1997)

Newly synthesized cloned gene proteins expressed in bacteria frequently accumulate in insoluble aggregates or inclusion bodies. Active protein can be recovered by solubilization of inclusion bodies followed by renaturation of the solubilized (unfolded) protein. The recovery of active protein is highly dependent on the renaturation conditions chosen. The renaturation process is generally conducted at low protein concentrations (0.01-0.2 mg/mL) to avoid aggregation. We have investigated the potential of successfully refolding reduced and denatured hen egg white lysozyme at high concentrations (1 and 5 mg/mL). By varying the composition of the renaturation media, optimum conditions which kinetically favor proper folding over inactivation were found. Solubilizing agents such as guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and folding aids such as L-arginine present in low concentrations during refolding effectively enhanced renaturation yields by suppressing aggregation resulting in reactivation yields as high as 95%. Quantitatively the kinetic competition between lysozyme folding and aggregation can be described using first-order kinetics for the renaturation reaction and third-order kinetics for the overall aggregation pathway. The rate constants for both reactions have been found to be strongly dependent on denaturant and thiol concentration. This strategy supercedes the necessity to reactivate proteins at low concentrations using large renaturation volumes. The marked increase in volumetric productivity makes this a viable option for recovering biologically active protein efficiently and in high yield in vitro from proteins produced as inclusion bodies within microbial cells.
The influence of pore size and oxidizing agent on the energetic properties of porous silicon (2008)

The explosive abilities of porous silicon (pSi) provide an alternative to existing carbon based explosives, in addition to the possibilities of explosions on a nanoscale. Here, an investigation into these explosive properties is conducted, by introducing an oxidiser onto freshly etched pSi with varying pore sizes. Explosions are triggered via the application of an electric spark. Light output and spectral data are collected to characterize the exxplosion. The energy output is observed via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and surface images collected using SEM and AFM.
Are labour-intensive efforts to prevent pressure ulcers cost-effective? (2013)

The data included in the study regarding costs and effects of the PUB in Denmark were based on preliminary findings from a pilot study at Thy-Mors Hospital and literature.
Levorotatory Form of 5-Hydroxytryptophan in Friedreich's Ataxia (1995)

These results demonstrated that the levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan is able to modify significantly the cerebellar symptoms in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. However, the effect is only partial and not clinically major.
Effects of Retinoid Ligands on RIP140:  Molecular Interaction with Retinoid Receptors and Biological Activity (2003)

Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) interacts with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) constitutively, but hormone binding enhances this interaction. The ligand-independent interaction is mediated by the amino and central regions of RIP140 which contain a total of nine copies of the LXXLL motif, whereas the agonist-induced interaction is mediated by its carboxyl terminus which contains a novel motif (1063-1076, LTKTNPILYYMLQK). The ligand-independent interaction could be enhanced slightly by agonists, whereas the ligand-dependent interaction was strictly agonist dependent for both RAR and RXR. In the context of heterodimers, ligand occupancy of RXR played a more dominant role for both molecular interaction and biological activity of RIP140. Competition and mutation studies demonstrated an essential role for (1067)Asn and (1073)Met for a ligand-dependent interaction. A model was proposed to address the constitutive and agonist-dependent interaction of RIP140 with RAR/RXR.