gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Ultracentrifugation of Dilute Solutions* (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Ultracentrifugation of Dilute Solutions*David A. YphantisCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 3, 297–317Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00891a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00891a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations2478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The roles played by Ag and Al dopants in controlling the electrical properties of ZnO varistors (1995)

Four sets of ZnO-based ceramic varistors (reference samples-ZNR; doped with aluminium-AL; doped with silver-AG; doped with aluminium and silver-AA) have been prepared by the conventional mixed oxide route. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, determined at current densities up to 1 mA/cm2, yielded nonlinear coefficients (α) of 38, 60, 22 and 56, respectively. Dc and ac degradation tests were performed at 115 °C. Ac impedance analysis was used to determine grain (rg) and grain boundary (Rb) resistances; capacitance-voltage analysis enabled the donor density (Nd) and the barrier height (φ) to be determined. Doping the varistors with Al increased Nd, reduced rg, and improved the I-V characteristics, but caused an increase in Zn interstitials which degraded the stability. In contrast, Ag acts as an amphoteric dopant in ZnO causing a decrease in Nd, an increase in rg and Rb, and a reduction in α ; Ag located in the interstitial sites is able to block the formation and migration of new Zn interstitials, thereby improving the stability. Doping with both Al and Ag at optimum levels gives benefits from both additives, i.e., Al doping (increases Nd and decreases rg) improves nonlinearity, while Ag doping (blocks the formation and migration of Zn interstitials) improves the stability of ZnO varistors.
Temporal automatic edge detection of echocardiographic images (2002)

A fully automatic algorithm that extracts left ventricular epicardial and endocardial borders from 2-D echocardiograms is presented. The algorithm starts with the end systole and end diastole contours obtained through a radial analysis of the image. After some iterative approximations, excellent quality contours for static images are found. At this point, in order to take advantage of the information contained in the temporal domain, the technique is applied to the whole cardiac cycle, thus obtaining a complete series of cardiac contours that are used in a further stage to find the left ventricular chamber volume and some other related parameters. The algorithm has been applied to different cardiac views, such as a parasternal short axis, apical and mitral, with the same degree of success.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulation of Pluripotency and Reprogramming by Transcription Factors (2008)

Living organisms, from virus to human, rely on the transcription machinery to express specific parts of their genomes to execute critical biological functions during their life cycle by responding to environmental or developmental signals. Thus, transcription constitutes a critical step in regulating biological processes, and transcription factors have been considered as master switches for cell fate determination. Stem cell biology has benefited from rapid advances in recent years, largely because of the characterization of several transcription factors as master regulators of stem cell pluripotency. The same factors, viz. Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Klf4, and Myc, have been shown to possess the magic power to reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent ones, a remarkable achievement with both practical and theoretical implications. This minireview summarizes recent advances in pluripotency and reprogramming by focusing on key transcription factors and the likely mechanisms.
Genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus in a 54-year-old woman who contracted the infection through materno-fetal transmission. (1987)

From the plasma of a 54-year-old woman, who acquired the persistent carrier state of hepatitis B virus through materno-fetal transmission, 49 clones of viral genomes were propagated. They did not reveal any differences in the size and number of cleavage products with any of 11 restriction endonucleases. Randomly selected 5 clones were classified into 3 groups by the variation at 4 positions in the nucleotide sequence of the envelope and core genes. The complete nucleotide sequences were determined for 3 of them, each representing a group, and they all had a genomic length of 3215 nucleotides. Variation was found in from 5 to 11 nucleotides. Assuming the infection with the common ancestor virus at birth, hepatitis B virus genomes in her plasma were estimated to have evolved at a rate from 1.4 to 3.2 x 10(-5) nucleotide substitutions per site per year. This value is 10(4)-fold greater than DNA genomes, 10(2)-fold less than human immunodeficiency virus but in the same order as most RNA viruses including certain retroviruses.
On inspection and verification of software with timing requirements (2003)

Software with hard timing requirements should be designed using a systematic approach to make its timing properties easier to inspect and verify; otherwise, it may be practically impossible to determine whether the software satisfies the timing requirements. Pre-runtime scheduling provides such an approach by placing restrictions on software structures to reduce complexity. A major benefit of using a pre-runtime scheduling approach is that it makes it easier to systematically inspect and verify the timing properties of the actual software code, not just various high-level abstractions of the code.
[Characteristics of Triticum vulgare in the early phases of development (ontogenesis) in space flight]. (1991)

The effect of space flight factors on the growth and development of wheat grown in a Svetoblock-M unit on the orbital station Mir was investigated. The data obtained allow the conclusion that wheat plants develop flight-induced changes. When compared to control plants, experimental plants show a delayed growth in terms of biometric parameters, different distribution of biogenic elements, lower phytoncidal activity, increased bacterial and fungal contamination, and a changed pigment and lipid composition.
BCL2 and CASP8 regulation by NF‐κB differentially affect mitochondrial function and cell fate in antiestrogen‐sensitive and ‐resistant breast cancer cells (2010)

Resistance to endocrine therapies remains a major problem in the management of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER)-positive breast cancer. We show that inhibition of NF-kappaB (p65/RELA), either by overexpression of a mutant IkappaB (IkappaBSR) or a small-molecule inhibitor of NF-kappaB (parthenolide; IC(50)=500 nM in tamoxifen-resistant cells), synergistically restores sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) in resistant MCF7/RR and MCF7/LCC9 cells and further sensitizes MCF-7 and MCF7/LCC1 control cells to 4HT. These effects are independent of changes in either cell cycle distribution or in the level of autophagy measured by inhibition of p62/SQSTM1 expression and cleavage of LC3. NF-kappaB inhibition restores the ability of 4HT to decrease BCL2 expression, increase mitochondrial membrane permeability, and induce a caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in resistant cells. Each of these effects is reversed by a caspase 8 (CASP8)-specific inhibitor that blocks enzyme-substrate binding. Thus, increased activation of NF-kappaB can alter sensitivity to tamoxifen by modulating CASP8 activity, with consequent effects on BCL2 expression, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. These data provide significant new insights into how molecular signaling affects antiestrogen responsiveness and strongly suggest that a combination of parthenolide and tamoxifen may offer a novel therapeutic approach to the management of some ER-positive breast cancers.
Development of a New Vaccine for the Prevention of Lassa Fever (2005)

Our data suggest that the Lassa vaccine candidate based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is safe and highly efficacious in a relevant animal model that faithfully reproduces human disease.
Target-sensitive immunoliposomes as an efficient drug carrier for antiviral activity. (1987)

We have shown previously that target-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of palmitoyl antibody stabilized phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers could be destabilized by binding to the target cells (Ho, R. J. Y., Rouse, B. T., and Huang, L., Biochemistry (1986) 25, 5500-5506). Target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated and free cytotoxic drugs of nucleoside analogs cytosine-beta-D-arabinoside (AraC) or acycloguanosine (acyclovir, ACV) were compared for their antiviral efficacy and cell cytotoxicity. Target-insensitive immunoliposomes and nontargeted liposomes were also investigated. When the mouse fibroblast L929 cells were infected at low multiplicity with herpes simplex virus, AraC encapsulated in target-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of transphosphatidylated egg phosphatidylethanolamine effectively inhibited virus replication and had far less cell cytotoxicity than free drug. As a measure of cytotoxicity, the drug concentration required to inhibit 50% of [3H]thymidine incorporation from 6 to 42 h (CD50) was determined. For free AraC, this value was 0.3 ng/ml, whereas for target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated AraC, the CD50 exceeded 1 microgram/ml. However, target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated AraC was virus inhibitory (50% effective dose = ED50) at 1.8 ng/ml. A free drug concentration of at least 1000-fold greater was required for comparable antiviral activity. A similar phenomenon was observed when ACV was administered via target-sensitive immunoliposomes. The CD50 values of the free and target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated ACV were 12.5 ng/ml and 1.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, whereas the ED50 values of the free and target-sensitive immunoliposome-encapsulated ACV were 1.1 and 125 ng/ml, respectively. Consequently, our results indicated the superiority of target-sensitive immunoliposomes at drug delivery, especially when drugs were cytotoxic to cells. The use of liposomes of the target-insensitive variety provided some enhancement of activity, but this was several-fold less than that observed with target-sensitive immunoliposomes. In addition, the nucleoside transport inhibitors, p-nitrothiobenzylinosine and dipyridamole, were shown to inhibit the liposome-mediated antiviral activity of AraC. This finding indicated that site-specific cytosolic delivery of nucleoside analogs by target-sensitive immunoliposomes involved a cellular nucleoside transport system. A mechanism of action is proposed.
Human Embryos Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Using an Alternative Enucleation Approach (2009)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was used to generate patient-specific embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts cloned by nuclear transfer (ntESCs). In this study, a total of 135 oocytes were obtained from 12 healthy donors (30-35 years). Human oocytes, obtained within 2 h following transvaginal aspiration, were enucleated using a Spindle Imaging System to position the spindle and chromosomes that lay on the metaphase plate, and a Zona Infrared Laser Optical System was used to open a single hole in the zona pellucida at the ~ 2 o'clock position. Human fibroblasts and lymphocytes were used to construct SCNT embryos. Nearly half (26 of 58) of the oocytes were fused after electrofusion and embryo development rates were 96.2% (two-cell, 25 of 26), 92.3% (four-cell, 24 of 26), 61.5% (eight-cell, 16 of 26), 34.6% (16-cell, 9 of 26), 26.9% (morula, 7 of 26), and 19.2% (blastocyst, 5 of 26), respectively, following incubation in improved G-series sequential medium. One cloned blastocyst was used for STR-DNA identification and genetic polymorphism analysis of mtDNA, and STR-DNA analysis of all cloned blastocysts indicated they were derived from SCNT. Quantitative analysis showed that mtDNA of cloned embryos reflected the change tendency of those observed in human IVF embryos. Our research provides an alternative enucleation approach for producing human SCNT-derived blastocysts, and may aid in providing a new method for human therapeutic cloning.
Kinetic evidence for Na+-glucose co-transport in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva (1997)

Our findings are consistent with Na(+)-glucose cotransport as being one of the mechanisms for mucosal Na+ entry into the epithelial cells of the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva.
Simultaneous monitoring of oxidation, deamidation, isomerization, and glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with ultrafast tryptic digestion (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies are subjected to a wide variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that cause structural heterogeneity. Characterization and control of these modifications or quality attributes are critical to ensure antibody quality and to define any potential effects on the ultimate safety and potency of antibody therapeutics. The biopharmaceutical industry currently uses numerous tools to analyze these quality attributes individually, which requires substantial time and resources. Here, we report a simple and ultrafast bottom-up liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (uLC-MS) method with 5 min tryptic digestion to simultaneously analyze multiple modifications, including oxidation, deamidation, isomerization, glycation, glycosylation, and N-terminal pyro-glutamate formation, which can occur during antibody production in mammalian cell culture, during purification and/or on storage. Compared to commonly used preparation procedures, this uLC-MS method eliminates assay artifacts of falsely-increased Met oxidation, Asp isomerization, and Asn deamidation, a problem associated with long digestion times in conventional LC-MS methods. This simple, low artifact multi-attribute uLC-MS method can be used to quickly and accurately analyze samples at any stage of antibody drug development, in particular for clone and media selection during cell culture development.
Challenges in Stratifying the Molecular Variability of Patient-Derived Colon Tumor Xenografts (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Europe and a leading cause of death worldwide. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models maintain complex intratumoral biology and heterogeneity and therefore remain the platform of choice for translational drug discovery. In this study, we implanted 37 primary CRC tumors and five CRC cell lines into NU/J mice to develop xenograft models. Primary tumors and established xenografts were histologically assessed and surveyed for genetic variants and gene expression using a panel of 409 cancer-related genes and RNA-seq, respectively. More than half of CRC tumors (20 out of 37, 54%) developed into a PDX. Histological assessment confirmed that PDX grading, stromal components, inflammation, and budding were consistent with those of the primary tumors. DNA sequencing identified an average of 0.14 variants per gene per sample. The percentage of mutated variants in PDXs increased with successive passages, indicating a decrease in clonal heterogeneity. Gene Ontology analyses of 4180 differentially expressed transcripts (adj. p value < 0.05) revealed overrepresentation of genes involved in cell division and catabolic processes among the transcripts upregulated in PDXs; downregulated transcripts were associated with GO terms related to extracellular matrix organization, immune responses, and angiogenesis. Neither a transcriptome-based consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classifier nor three other predictors reliably matched PDX molecular subtypes with those of the primary tumors. In sum, both genetic and transcriptomic profiles differed between donor tumors and PDXs, likely as a consequence of subclonal evolution at the early phase of xenograft development, making molecular stratification of PDXs challenging.
Crystal structure of 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane sodium bromide, C10H20BrNaO5 (1996)

Article Crystal structure of 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane sodium bromide, C10H20BrNaO5 was published on November 1, 1996 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 211, issue 11).
Prematurity and adult minor illness. (2004)

The long term impact of being born premature has received limited scientific investigation. Studies that have been carried out, focus on outcomes in childhood, with very few considering the impact on adult physical health. Three case studies are presented here, investigating differences in adult minor illness and psychological variables between adult participants born preterm, fullterm but small and fullterm with normal birthweight. This is a retrospective design using questionnaires and checklist to gather relevant information. Minor illness symptoms, daily hassles, anxiety, depression and general self-efficacy were measured. The participant born preterm scored higher on all measures. Data were applied to the Equilibrium Model for Minor Illness. Being born early appears to have a greater impact on later adult outcomes measured than being born fullterm but small or fullterm but of normal weight. In this article the authors reflect upon possible explanations for the different outcomes of each of the participants within the foetal origins of disease theory.
Conversion of beta-galactosidase to a membrane-bound state by gene fusion. (1976)

We have isolated a series of strains in which the lacZ gene has been fused to one of the maltose operons, such that the synthesis of beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.23) is inducible by maltose. The most frequent event that generates such fusions results in strains in which an intact lacZ gene has become a part of the malE,F operon. By using a special selection procedure, we have detected much rarer fusion events resulting in an altered beta-galactosidase molecule. In these strains, we presume that there is a hybrid protein molecule produced, comprised of an NH2-terminal amino acid sequence from a maltose transport protein (malF) and a COOH-terminal amino acid sequence from beta-galactosidase. The hybrid protein, which still retains some beta-galactosidase activity, is found in the cytoplasmic membrane. These results provide information on the component of the malF gene essential for incorporation of its product into the membrane.
Adaptive antenna arrays for cellular CDMA communication systems (2002)

The use of an adaptive antenna array at the base station in the reverse link of cellular communication systems is proposed. Two kinds of adaptive methods are considered. First, the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, which is a reference signal based method, is used to adjust the weight coefficients of the array. For eigenstructure based methods, the ESPRIT algorithm is used for angle of arrival (AOA) estimation and the linear least squares estimate (LLSE) is used to determine the adaptive array weights. The improvement in performance is quantified by comparison with the omnidirectional antenna system using realistic simulations. The comparisons of different adaptive arrays are discussed and analyzed.
Cyclophosphamide-induced alterations of bone marrow endothelium: implications in homing of marrow cells after transplantation. (1991)

Bone marrow transplantation requires infusion of stem cells i.v. and transport of these cells to the extravascular compartment of the marrow where hemopoiesis takes place. This requires massive cellular traffic across the sinus endothelial barrier. We tested the hypothesis that the conditioning regimen given before transplantation alters the endothelium and permits the traffic of transplanted cells into the hemopoietic compartment. C57B1 mice were given cyclophosphamide i.p. in doses comparable to those used in conditioning regimens. Marrow was perfusion-fixed and studied by electron microscopy at various time after the dose. The salient feature of cyclophosphamide-induced endothelial injury was membrane instability, manifested by sloughing and vesiculation of membrane on the luminal surface. Considerable loss of membrane was associated with a reduction in the surface area of endothelium. There was also an associated loss of integrity of sinus endothelium so that mature circulating red cells, normally confined to the vascular space, could now traverse the vascular wall and appear in the hemopoietic compartment. Moreover, perisinal macrophages, normally confined to extravascular space, were now seen in the lumen. We conclude that the cytotoxic conditioning regimen, given with different objectives, may facilitate the traffic of transplanted cells into the hemopoietic compartment of the marrow.