gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HomeRF: wireless networking for the connected home (2000)

The SWAP specification for wireless voice and data networking within the home will enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw from the power and content of the Internet and the home PC. If cable modems and xDSL represent the "last mile" access to the home, then HomeRF/sup TM/'s mission with SWAP could be called the "very last 150 feet" within and around the home. HomeRF has the broad backing of the major corporate stakeholders for networking within the home and is optimized specifically for the cost/performance point needed for consumers. The technology leverages the existing PC-industry infrastructure around the Internet, TCP/IP, and Ethernet, and adds a standard way to connect to the PSTN for voice telephony. First products should appear in late 1999, and future versions with enhanced features and/or higher data rates should follow in one to two years.
Catalytic Activity of ADAM8, ADAM15, and MDC-L (ADAM28) on Synthetic Peptide Substrates and in Ectodomain Cleavage of CD23 (2003)

The ADAM family of disintegrin metalloproteases plays important roles in "ectodomain shedding," the process by which biologically active, soluble forms of cytokines, growth factors, and their receptors are released from membrane-bound precursors. Whereas ADAM8, ADAM15, and MDC-L (ADAM28) are expressed in specific cell types and tissues, their in vivo functions and substrates are not known. By screening a library of synthetic peptides as potential substrates, we show that soluble recombinant forms of these enzymes have similar proteolytic substrate specificity, clearly distinct from that of ADAM17 (TNFalpha-converting enzyme). A number of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family proteins and CD23 were screened as potential substrates for ectodomain cleavage. We found that ADAM8, ADAM15, and MDC-L, but not ADAM17, catalyzed ectodomain shedding of CD23, the low affinity IgE receptor. ADAM8-dependent, soluble CD23 release required proteolytically active ADAM8, and a physical association of ADAM8 was observed with the membrane-bound form of CD23. The ADAM8-dependent release of sCD23 and the endogenous release from B cell lines could be similarly inhibited by a hydroxamic acid, metalloprotease inhibitor compound. We conclude that ADAM8 could contribute to ectodomain shedding of CD23 and may thus be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in allergy and inflammation.
Geometry and self-righting of turtles (2007)

Terrestrial animals with rigid shells face imminent danger when turned upside down. A rich variety of righting strategies of beetle and turtle species have been described, but the exact role of the shell's geometry in righting is so far unknown. These strategies are often based on active mechanisms, e.g. most beetles self-right via motion of their legs or wings; flat, aquatic turtles use their muscular neck to flip back. On the other hand, highly domed, terrestrial turtles with short limbs and necks have virtually no active control: here shape itself may serve as a fundamental tool. Based on field data gathered on a broad spectrum of aquatic and terrestrial turtle species we develop a geometric model of the shell. Inspired by recent mathematical results, we demonstrate that a simple mechanical classification of the model is closely linked to the animals' righting strategy. Specifically, we show that the exact geometry of highly domed terrestrial species is close to optimal for self-righting, and the shell's shape is the predominant factor of their ability to flip back. Our study illustrates how evolution solved a far-from-trivial geometrical problem and equipped some turtles with monostatic shells: beautiful forms, which rarely appear in nature otherwise.
Defining the Role of Phosphomethylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase from Caenorhabditis elegans in Phosphocholine Biosynthesis by Biochemical and Kinetic Analysis (2006)

In plants and Plasmodium falciparum, the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine requires the conversion of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine by phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (PEAMT). This pathway differs from the metabolic route of phosphatidylcholine synthesis used in mammals and, on the basis of bioinformatics, was postulated to function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we describe the cloning and biochemical characterization of a PEAMT from C. elegans (gene, pmt-2; protein, PMT-2). Although similar in size to the PEAMT from plants, which contain two tandem methyltransferase domains, PMT-2 retains only the C-terminal methyltransferase domain. RNA-mediated interference experiments in C. elegans show that PMT-2 is essential for worm viability and that choline supplementation rescues the RNAi-generated phenotype. Unlike the plant and Plasmodium PEAMT, which catalyze all three methylations in the pathway, PMT-2 catalyzes only the last two steps in the pathway, i.e., the methylation of phosphomonomethylethanolamine (P-MME) to phosphodimethylethanolamine (P-DME) and of P-DME to phosphocholine. Analysis of initial velocity patterns suggests a random sequential kinetic mechanism for PMT-2. Product inhibition by S-adenosylhomocysteine was competitive versus S-adenosylmethionine and noncompetitive versus P-DME, consistent with formation of a dead-end complex. Inhibition by phosphocholine was competitive versus each substrate. Fluorescence titrations show that all substrates and products bind to the free enzyme. The biochemical data are consistent with a random sequential kinetic mechanism for PMT-2. This work provides a kinetic basis for additional studies on the reaction mechanism of PEAMT. Our results indicate that nematodes also use the PEAMT pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. If the essential role of PMT-2 in C. elegans is conserved in parasitic nematodes of mammals and plants, then inhibition of the PEAMT pathway may be a viable approach for targeting these parasites with compounds of medicinal or agronomic value.
Identification of an uncleavable targeting signal in the 70-kilodalton spinach chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein. (1993)

A cDNA clone encoding a cognate 70-kDa heat shock protein from the spinach chloroplast outer envelope (SCE70) was recently characterized (Ko, K., Bornemisza, O., Kourtz, L., Ko, Z. W., Plaxton, W. C., and Cashmore, A. R. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2986-2993). Initial studies revealed that SCE70 is targeted to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane without further processing. To determine whether SCE70 possesses a "targeting domain," we tested the targeting ability of SCE70 proteins with various carboxyl- and amino-terminal deletions. Carboxyl-terminal deletions of up to 60% of the protein had no apparent effect on the targeting ability of SCE70. Amino-terminal deletions abolished targeting to the chloroplast except when the extreme NH2-terminal 48-amino acid sequence was retained. We further assessed the chloroplast-targeting ability of the NH2-terminal 48 amino acids by fusing to the foreign protein, mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The resulting fusion protein, SCE70-DHFR, was localized to the outer envelope membrane of isolated chloroplasts. SCE70-DHFR exhibited targeting characteristics similar to native SCE70. The targeting of SCE70-DHFR was inhibited effectively by anti-SCE70 antibodies. Immunoprecipitation and chemical cross-linking experiments revealed that SCE70-DHFR is targeted to the same complex as SCE70 in the chloroplast envelope. These results suggest that the extreme NH2 terminus of SCE70 is required for directing SCE70 to a destination in the chloroplast outer envelope membrane, possibly through assembling the polypeptide into a protein complex.
The ideal biological response modifier. (1989)

The current focus on interleukin-2 typifies the transition in cancer immunotherapy from nonspecific immunostimulants that are broadly supportive to highly defined cytokines with greater stress on treatment. With the introduction of lymphokine-activated killer cells, there was a parallel shift in emphasis from the use of allogeneic adoptive lymphocytes to in vitro expanded autologous cells. On the assumption that there should be a place for a more complete biological response modifier (BRM) applicable as a fundamental agent that would provide maximum support for all treatment modalities and that might facilitate the adoptive use of incompatible mononuclear cells when needed, an attempt was made to draw on the extensive experience with the large number of BRMs that have been studied to define the characteristics and therapeutic activities of an agent that would be ideally suited. It is ironic that the mitogenic lectins have tended to be overlooked in BRM classifications, but compelling evidence suggests that PHA-L4, the L4 isolectin of phytohemagglutinin, might at least partially fulfill all of the criteria of an ideal BRM.
[Contraceptives for women in their forties?]. (1978)

A study undertaken to determine the suitability of oral contraceptive (o.c.) use for patients over 40 years of age is reported. Side effects during 2315 cycles of combination and sequential contraceptive use by women equal to or 25 are compared with 522 cycles of o.c. use by women equal to or 40. Combination preparations showed a lower incidence of loss of libido, leg pains, and nausea. Sequential preparations showed a lower incidence of fluor vaginalis, headaches and nervousness, and a tendency toward weight loss. Mikrogynon 30 was used during 683 cycles by 108 women equal to or 25 and 63 women equal to or 34. Fatigue, leg problems, and nervousness occurred more frequently among the older women, but they showed a lower incidence of bleeding irregularities during the first cycles and weight fluctuations. Older women had a higher discontinuation rate. 230 cycles of "step-up" method o.c. use among 34 women equal to or 25 years of age were compared to 143 cycles among 18 older women. These results are less conclusive, but there was a lower incidence of bleeding irregularities, nausea, and weight fluctuations among the older women. The highly publicized warning against o.c. use by women over 40 is found to be unfounded. The type of preparation used should be determined by the considerations of the individual case; preparations with low estrogen dosage show an increased incidence of fatigue, leg problems, nervousness, and bleeding irregularities among older women. The mortality among older women using o.c.s is 34 per million compared to 576 per million among pregnant women in that age group. Sterilization should be considered as an alternative to contraceptive use among women over 40.
An Algorithm for the DNA Sequence Generation from k-Tuple Word Contents of the Minimal Number of Random Fragments (1991)

An algorithm is described for generation of the long sequence written in a four letter alphabet from the constituent k-tuple words in the minimal number of separate, randomly defined fragments of the starting sequence. It is primarily intended for use in sequencing by hybridization (SBH) process- a potential method for sequencing human genome DNA (Drmanac et al., Genomics 4, pp. 114-128, 1989). The algorithm is based on the formerly defined rules and informative entities of the linear sequence. The algorithm requires neither knowledge on the number of appearances of a given k-tuple in sequence fragments, nor the information on which k-tuple words are on the ends of a fragment. It operates with the mixed content of k-tuples of the various lengths. The concept of the algorithm enables operations with the k-tuple sets containing false positive and false negative k-tuples. The content of the false k-tuples primarily affects the completeness of the generated sequence, and its correctness in the specific cases only. The algorithm can be used for the optimization of SBH parameters in the simulation experiments, as well as for the sequence generation in the real SBH experiments on the genomic DNA.
Progress in etiological analysis, diagnosis and treatment of hydrops fetails (2018)

Hydrops fetails is a pathologic condition in the fetus characterized by extensive subcutaneous tissue edema and an accumulation of fluid in fetal compartments. The etiology and pathogenesis of hydrops fetails is complex; it is divided into immune hydrops and non-immune hydrops according to the etiology. This article discusses the advances in pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of hydrops fetalis.


Key words: 
Hydrops fetalis; Etiology; Ultrasonography; Prenatal diagnosis
The high quality low temperature oxidation technology in a quasi self-aligned SiGe HBT (2002)

A high quality low temperature oxide technology (LTO) was introduced as the emitter/base junction isolation layer of a Silicon-Germanium. (SiGe) HBT. Due to its lower Ge strain relaxation and boron out-diffusion effect, we showed that devices were obtained with a significant improvement in reliability, DC and RF performance in comparison with those fabricated using conventional LTO or thermal oxidation methods.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer (1999)

Although the management of cancer by exploiting properties distinguishing neoplastic and normal cells has always been an attractive concept, it was the development of hybridoma technology and the resulting tumor-associated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that offered new prospects for this strategy. Twenty years later, some of the applications of MAbs in oncology are now part of the everyday diagnosis and treatment, while others are the subject of intensive investigation. We reviewed the current applications of MAbs in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and attempted to put the issue into perspective, with particular presentation of their therapeutic potential.
Solid State Key/Lock Security System (1984)

In the field of security systems, many soultions have been devised aimed at implementing a "true electronic key" but they are unsatisfactory due to the need of electrical contacts with the lock or of power supply in the remote control systems. In addition, some solutions are not 100% secure because the access code canbe easily copied or falsified; so the best solution is a system that has the following features:--No electrical contacts with the Code Receiver, thus avoiding defective operations in the presence of dirt.-An adequate amount of internal non-volatile coding storage, so as to have a large number of possible combinations.-As greater difficulty as possible in copying or falsifying the internal code.
Preparation of Recombinant -Thrombin: High-Level Expression of Recombinant Human Prethrombin-2 and Its Activation by Recombinant Ecarin (2004)

We have established a large-scale manufacturing system to produce recombinant human alpha-thrombin. In this system, a high yield of alpha-thrombin is prepared from prethrombin-2 activated by recombinant ecarin. We produced human prethrombin-2 using mouse myeloma cells and an expression plasmid carrying the chicken beta-actin promoter and mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene for gene amplification. To increase prethrombin-2 expression further, we performed fed-batch cultivation with the addition of vegetable peptone in 50 liters of suspension culture. After five feedings of vegetable peptone, the expression level of the recombinant prethrombin-2 reached 200 micro g/ml. Subsequently, the recombinant prethrombin-2 could be activated to alpha-thrombin by recombinant ecarin expressed in a similar manner. Finally, recombinant alpha-thrombin was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using a benzamidine-Sepharose gel. The yield from prethrombin-2 in culture medium was approximately 70%. The activity of the purified recombinant alpha-thrombin, including hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate, release of fibrinopeptide A, and activation of protein C, was indistinguishable from that of plasma-derived alpha-thrombin. Our system is suitable for the large-scale production of recombinant alpha-thrombin, which can be used in place of clinically available alpha-thrombin derived from human or bovine plasma.
HORMONAL REGULATION OF HUMAN MUSCLE PROTEIN METABOLISM (1997)

A continuous turnover of protein (synthesis and breakdown) maintains the functional integrity and quality of skeletal muscle. Hormones are important regulators of this remodeling process. Anabolic hormones stimulate human muscle growth mainly by increasing protein synthesis (growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and testosterone) or by decreasing protein breakdown (insulin). Unlike in growing animals, insulin's main anabolic effect on muscle protein in adult humans is an inhibition of protein breakdown. Protein synthesis is stimulated only in the presence of a high amino acid supply. A combination of the stress hormones (glucagon, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines) cause muscle catabolism, but the effects of the individual hormones on human muscle and their mechanisms of action remain to be clearly defined. Although thyroid hormone is essential during growth, both an excess and a deficiency cause muscle wasting by yet unknown mechanisms. A greater understanding of the regulation of human muscle protein metabolism is essential to elucidate mechanisms of muscle wasting.
Quantum nanoplasmonics: surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPASER) (2003)

We make a step towards quantum nanoplasmonics: surface plasmon fields of a nanosystem are quantized and their stimulated emission is considered. We introduce SPASER, a quantum generator for surface plasmon quanta. Spaser is predicted to generate ultrafast (10 to 100 fs duration), temporally coherent, near-atomic intensity fields of surface plasmon modes that are strongly localized on the nanoscale. Those include dark modes that may constitute a basis for background-free enhanced nano-optical spectroscopy. Applications and related phenomena are discussed.
The Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Switch in Three Dimensions (2001)

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins regulate a variety of processes, including sensual perception, protein synthesis, various transport processes, and cell growth and differentiation. They act as molecular switches and timers that cycle between inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound and active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound states. Recent structural studies show that the switch apparatus itself is a conserved fundamental module but that its regulators and effectors are quite diverse in their structures and modes of interaction. Here we will try to define some underlying principles.
Photoconductivity and photoluminescence under bias in GaInNAs/GaAs MQW p-i-n structures (2012)

The low temperature photoluminescence under bias (PLb) and the photoconductivity (PC) of a p-i-n GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum well sample have been investigated. Under optical excitation with photons of energy greater than the GaAs bandgap, PC and PLb results show a number of step-like increases when the sample is reverse biased. The nature of these steps, which depends upon the temperature, exciting wavelength and intensity and the number of quantum wells (QWs) in the device, is explained in terms of thermionic emission and negative charge accumulation due to the low confinement of holes in GaInNAs QWs. At high temperature, thermal escape from the wells becomes much more dominant and the steps smear out.
Diagnostic value of blood inflammatory markers for detection of acute appendicitis in children (2006)

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common surgical problem that is associated with an acute-phase reaction. Previous studies have shown that cytokines and acute-phase proteins are activated and may serve as indicators for the severity of appendicitis. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic value of different serum inflammatory markers in detection of phlegmonous or perforated appendicitis in children. Data were collected prospectively on 211 consecutive children. Laparotomy was performed for suspected AA for 189 patients. Patients were subdivided into groups: nonsurgical abdominal pain, early appendicitis, phlegmonous or gangrenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis. White blood cell count (WBC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), acid α1-glycoprotein (α1GP), endotoxin, and erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR) were estimated ad the time of admission. The diagnostic performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. WBC count, CRP and IL-6 correlated significantly with the severity of appendiceal inflammation. Identification of children with severe appendicitis was supported by IL-6 or CRP but not WBC. Between IL-6 and CRP, there were no significant differences in diagnostic use. Laboratory results should be considered to be integrated within the clinical assessment. If used critically, CRP and IL-6 equally provide surgeons with complementary information in discerning the necessity for urgent operation.
Guardians of the Gut â€“ Murine Intestinal Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (2015)

Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes find themselves in a unique environment, most prominently characterized by its constant exposure to commensal microbiota and food antigens. This anatomic setting has resulted in a number of specializations of the intestinal mononuclear phagocyte compartment that collectively contribute the unique steady state immune landscape of the healthy gut, including homeostatic innate lymphoid cells, B, and T cell compartments. As in other organs, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate in addition the immune defense against pathogens, both in lymph nodes and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Here, we will discuss origins and functions of intestinal DCs and macrophages and their respective subsets, focusing largely on the mouse and cells residing in the lamina propria.
The oncogenic fusion protein RUNX1-CBFA2T1 supports proliferation and inhibits senescence in t(8;21)-positive leukaemic cells (2004)

RUNX1-CBFA2T1 supports the proliferation and expansion of t(8;21)-positive leukaemic cells by preventing cellular senescence. These findings suggest a central role of RUNX1-CBFA2T1 in the maintenance of the leukaemia. Therefore, RUNX1-CBFA2T1 is a promising and leukaemia-specific target for molecularly defined therapeutic approaches.
Elevated Nerve Growth Factor in Dry Eye Associated With Established Contact Lens Wear (2009)

Corneal subepithelial nerve density was decreased in long-term contact lens wear but this change was not significantly correlated with tear film NGF concentration. Tear film NGF levels were elevated in contact lens related dry eye, likely in response to anti-inflammatory factors such as TGF-beta1.
G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Functional and Mechanistic Insights Through Altered Gene Expression (1998)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large and diverse family of molecules that play essential roles in signal transduction. In addition to a constantly expanding pharmacological repertoire, recent advances in the ability to manipulate GPCR expression in vivo have provided another valuable approach in the study of GPCR function and mechanism of action. Current technologies now allow investigators to manipulate GPCR expression in a variety of ways. Graded reductions in GPCR expression can be achieved through antisense strategies or total gene ablation or replacement can be achieved through gene targeting strategies, and exogenous expression of wild-type or mutant GPCR isoforms can be accomplished with transgenic technologies. Both the techniques used to achieve these specific alterations and the consequences of altered expression patterns are reviewed here and discussed in the context of GPCR function and mechanism of action.