gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the region of non‐Aβ component (NAC) of Alzheimer's disease amyloid responsible for its aggregation and toxicity (2001)

The non-beta-amyloid (Abeta) component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) and its precursor alpha-synuclein have been linked to amyloidogenesis in several neurodegenerative diseases. NAC and alpha-synuclein both form beta-sheet structures upon ageing, aggregate to form fibrils, and are neurotoxic. We recently established that a peptide comprising residues 3-18 of NAC retains these properties. To pinpoint the exact region responsible we have carried out assays of toxicity and physicochemical properties on smaller fragments of NAC. Toxicity was measured by the ability of fresh and aged peptides to inhibit the reduction of the redox dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) by rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. On immediate dissolution, or after ageing, the fragments NAC(8-18) and NAC(8-16) are toxic, whereas NAC(12-18), NAC(9-16) and NAC(8-15) are not. Circular dichroism indicates that none of the peptides displays beta-sheet structure; rather all remain random coil throughout 24 h. However, in acetonitrile, an organic solvent known to induce beta sheet, fragments NAC(8-18) and NAC(8-16) both form beta-sheet structure. Only NAC(8-18) aggregates, as indicated by concentration of peptide remaining in solution after 3 days, and forms fibrils, as determined by electron microscopy. These findings indicate that residues 8-16 of NAC, equivalent to residues 68-76 in alpha-synuclein, comprise the region crucial for toxicity.
Blue-emitting Ir(iii) phosphors with ancillary 4,6-difluorobenzyl diphenylphosphine based cyclometalate (2009)

Treatment of difluorobenzyldiphenylphosphine with the Ir(III) dimer [(dfppy)2Ir(mu-Cl)]2 gives (N,N)-trans-[Ir(dfppy)2(dfbdpH)Cl], followed by skeletal isomerization to form its (N,N)-cis analogue, and then the fully cyclometalated complex [Ir(dfppy)2(dfbdp)]; the last complex and its derivative are suitable for fabrication of true-blue phosphorescent OLEDs.
Integration of absolute ventricular fibrillation voltage correlates with successful defibrillation (1994)

Previous work has suggested that at higher absolute ventricular fibrillation voltages (AVFV), the heart is more amenable to defibrillation. This study investigated in a canine model whether voltage integration of the AVFV is associated with the defibrillation success rate. The moving-average filter was used to process the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform recorded from Lead II of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In seven animals, defibrillation trials were analyzed using a dc shock (DCS) successful approximately 50% of the time when delivered randomly. For each of a total of 84 DCS (40% successes, 60% failures), the fibrillation waveform just prior to DCS was analyzed. The integration of the AVFV waveform was performed over various sample sizes including 1, 4, 8, 16, 64, and 128 ms, as well as the time equal to the mean VF cycle length. The results suggest that dc shocks delivered at instants of higher values of integrated AVFV over the various window sizes are associated with successful defibrillation. Window sizes less than 16 ms appeared to offer the best discrimination. The integration of AVFV over the entire VF cycle length was significantly higher for successful rather than unsuccessful DCS. This interesting observation is consistent with the clinical observation that "coarse" VF (high AVFV) is easier to defibrillate than "fine" VF (low AVFV). The use of voltage integration of AVFV may have potential implications in the improvement of defibrillation success in implantable devices.
Prof. Jacek Jassem: we should be more aggressive about tobacco control in fighting against lung cancer. (2015)

The 14th Central European Lung Cancer Conference (CELCC) was held from 29 November until 2 December 2014, in Vienna, Austria (1). Prof. Jassem gave a speech on the tobacco control policy in Poland in the Chinese-Central European Symposium which aroused tremendous attention from the attendees and the Chinese speakers. Here Annals of Translational Medicine has the honor to interview Prof. Jacek Jassem in terms of some of his viewpoints and researches.
A unique role for IL-23 in promoting cellular immunity (2003)

Recent discoveries of interleukin (IL)-23, its receptor, and its signal-transduction pathway add to our understanding of cellular immunity. IL-23 is a heterodimer, comprising IL-12 p40 and the recently cloned IL-23-specific p19 subunit. IL-23 uses many of the same signal-transduction components as IL-12, including IL-12Rbeta1, Janus kinase 2, Tyk2, signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)1, Stat3, Stat4, and Stat5. This may explain the similar actions of IL-12 and IL-23 in promoting cellular immunity by inducing interferon-gamma production and proliferative responses in target cells. Additionally, both cytokines promote the T helper cell type 1 costimulatory function of antigen-presenting cells. IL-23 does differ from IL-12 in the T cell subsets that it targets. Whereas IL-12 acts on naïve CD4+ T cells, IL-23 preferentially acts on memory CD4+ T cells. This review summarizes recent advances regarding IL-23, providing a functional and mechanistic basis for the unique niche that IL-23 occupies in cellular immunity.
Growth Factors in Surgery (1996)

Surgical reconstruction of functional and aesthetic defects is often compromised by donor-tissue limitations and wound-healing constraints--problems that can potentially be overcome by peptide growth factor therapy. The effectiveness of growth factor therapy in animal models and in limited human clinical trials has been realized. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-derived wound-healing formula (PDWHF), transforming growth factor (TGF), the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and general considerations of growth factor therapy are reviewed.
Evaluation of spore extraction and purification methods for selective recovery of viable Bacillus anthracis spores (2001)

This study highlights shortcomings with the standard PLET isolation of anthrax spores and describes ways in which the procedure may be improved.
Increased 2,5-adenylate synthetase activity in the spleens of BALB/c mice during hypoxia-stimulated erythropoiesis. (1985)

In response to prolonged, intermittent exposure to hypoxia, the spleens of adult BALB/c mice displayed an initial increase and subsequent decrease in erythropoietic activity. The enzyme 2,5-adenylate synthetase was assayed during this period, and a direct relationship was found between the rate of red cell production and enzyme activity; that is, 2,5-adenylate synthetase activity was maximum in the spleen cell populations that contained the largest number of nucleated erythroid cells and minimum in those populations that contained the fewest nucleated erythroid cells. In contrast to this finding, synthetase activity was inversely related to the number of lymphocytes present in these spleen cell populations. On the basis of these observations, it appears that 2,5-adenylate synthetase is present in nucleated erythroid cells. If active in late erythroblasts, 2,5-adenylate synthetase may function as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and/or hemoglobin synthesis.
Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy's Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from Algae; Close-Out Report (1998)

The Aquatic Species Program was a relatively small research effort intended to look at the use of aquatic plants as sources of energy. Its history dates back to 1978, but much of the research from 1978 to 1982 focused on using algae to produce hydrogen. The program switched emphasis to other transportation fuels, particularly biodiesel, beginning in the early 1980's. This report summarizes the research activities carried out from 1980 to 1996, with an emphasis on algae for biodiesel production.
Vasopressin in catecholamine‐refractory shock in children (2008)

Severe septic and cardiogenic shock is associated with a high mortality in neonates, children and adolescents. Common therapies include the administration of fluids and the use of conventional inotropes. However, in severe forms of shock, cardio-circulatory failure may be secondary to profound vasoparalysis and unresponsive to conventional therapies. We reviewed the literature on the use of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and terlipressin (TP) as a rescue therapy in neonates, children and adolescents with catecholamine-refractory shock or cardio-circulatory arrest. We identified 17 reports (11 case series, 6 case reports) on a total of 109 patients. Only two studies were prospective. The age of treated patients ranged from extremely low birth weight infants of 23 weeks' gestation to a 19-year-old adolescent. The most common indication for either drug was catecholamine-refractory septic shock (nine reports). Commonly reported responses following AVP/TP administration were a rapid increase in systemic arterial blood pressure, an increase in urine output, and a decrease in serum lactate. In most reports, AVP and TP had a significant impact on the required dose of inotropes which could be reduced. Despite the use of AVP/TP, mortality was high (52/109). In view of the limited number of paediatric patients treated with AVP/TP, no definite recommendations on their use in children with severe forms of cardio-circulatory failure can be issued. There is a need for larger prospective trials assessing the efficacy and safety profiles of these drugs in a defined setting. Until more data are available, and taking into consideration the detrimental impact catecholamine-refractory shock has on children, the use of AVP/TP as a rescue therapy should be considered on an individual basis.
Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its clinical impact (2009)

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic knowledge on important human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to understand the large interindividual variability in drug clearance and responses in clinical practice. The human CYP superfamily contains 57 functional genes and 58 pseudogenes, with members of the 1, 2, and 3 families playing an important role in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, other xenobiotics, and some endogenous compounds. Polymorphisms in the CYP family may have had the most impact on the fate of therapeutic drugs. CYP2D6, 2C19, and 2C9 polymorphisms account for the most frequent variations in phase I metabolism of drugs, since almost 80% of drugs in use today are metabolized by these enzymes. Approximately 5-14% of Caucasians, 0-5% Africans, and 0-1% of Asians lack CYP2D6 activity, and these individuals are known as poor metabolizers. CYP2C9 is another clinically significant enzyme that demonstrates multiple genetic variants with a potentially functional impact on the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs that are mainly eliminated by this enzyme. Studies into the CYP2C9 polymorphism have highlighted the importance of the CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles. Extensive polymorphism also occurs in other CYP genes, such as CYP1A1, 2A6, 2A13, 2C8, 3A4, and 3A5. Since several of these CYPs (e.g., CYP1A1 and 1A2) play a role in the bioactivation of many procarcinogens, polymorphisms of these enzymes may contribute to the variable susceptibility to carcinogenesis. The distribution of the common variant alleles of CYP genes varies among different ethnic populations. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to achieve optimal quality use of medicines, and to improve the efficacy and safety of both prospective and currently available drugs. Further studies are warranted to explore the gene-dose, gene-concentration, and gene-response relationships for these important drug-metabolizing CYPs.
Preparation of symmetric dibromides of 1,10-phenanthroline (1997)

Bromation of 1,10-phenanthroline with Br 2 proceeds smoothly in the presence of S 2 Cl 2 and pyridine to give 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline in good yield. Bromation of 2,9-dibutoxy-1,10-phenanthroline with Br 2 , in an aqueous medium gives 5,6-dibromo-2,9-dibutoxy-1,10-phenanthroline selectively. Similar bromination of 4,7-dibutoxy-1,10-phenanthroline with Br 2 gives 3,8-dibromo-4,7-dibutoxy-1,10-phenanthroline, which forms a 1:1 adduct with Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Molecular structure of the 1:1 adduct has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Keywords: bromination, 1,10-phenanthroline, 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline.
Youth in the Making: The Skin-care Promise (2018)

Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada strategi pemasaran yang digunakan untuk mempengaruhi dan menarik minat pelanggan dalam iklan kecantikkan. Kecantikkan ideal dilihatkan sebagai mempunyai wajah kulit yang berseri, oleh demikian kecantikkan ini menjadi komoditi komersial di seluruh dunia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menerokai dan mengenal pasti aktiviti-aktiviti yang ditujukan untuk mencantikkan seseorang. Aktiviti-aktiviti ini yang terlibat dalam usaha mencantikkan seseorang adalah dibudayakan dalam konsep kecantikkan dan dibingkaikan dalam iklan produk kecantikkan. Data dikumpul dengan sengaja untuk dibuat analisa, iaitu tiga kategori sahaja untik dianalisa dalam tahap makro dan mikro dengan menggunakan AIDA model Lewis (1898) untuk mengenal pasti strategi pemasaran serta menganalisa strategi memasarkan produk penjagaan kulit dengan menggunakan struktur analisa rangka visual Rodriguez dan Dimitrova (2011). Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ideologi kecantikkan dibingkaikan dalam iklan kecantikkan untuk menarik minat pelanggan dengan jaminan wajah kulit berseri.
Kata kunci: wacana media, rangka visual, kecantikan, strategi pemasaran, ideologi
 
ABSTRACT
 
This study focuses on the marketing strategies used to persuade or attract buyers in beauty advertisements. The ideal in beauty is seen in having healthy youthful complexions. Hence it has become a commercial commodity globally. This study sets out to explore and identify activities which are geared towards making oneself beautiful. The activities involved in making one attractive is cultural to the concept of beauty, and this is framed in the advertisements of beauty products. In this study a purposive sampling is used to analyse how marketing strategies framed the concept of beauty in the selected skin care products. Three categories of beauty products are selected and analyzed at the macro-micro levels. Lewis’ AIDA model (1898) which spelled out the strategies for marketing is used together with Roderiguez and Dimitrova’s framework for media framing (2011) to analyse how skin-care products are strategized in cosmetic advertisements. The findings indicated that the ideological views of beauty are strategically framed with the promise of looking young.
Keywords: media discourse, visual framing, beauty, marketing strategies, ideology
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency: Propagation Dynamics (1995)

We describe the temporal and spatial dynamics of propagating electromagnetically induced transparency pulses in an optically thick medium. Results include pulse velocities as slow as $c/165$ with 55% transmission, strong-probe-field effects, and the observation of near diffraction-limited transmitted beam quality.
Influence of storage temperature on the responsiveness of human platelets to agonists. (2003)

To investigate the effects of storage temperature on the responsiveness to agonists of human platelets prepared from stored blood, we measured the aggregability and acid-base status of platelets from 96 healthy subjects before and after storage of whole blood at 4 degrees C and room temperature (RT) up to 48 hr. After 24 hr storage at 4 degrees C, there were no significant differences in agonist-induced platelet aggregability, compared to fresh specimens. When blood was kept at RT for 24 hr, all of the platelet samples showed non-responsiveness (< 20% aggregability) to epinephrine and 70% (67/96) revealed impaired responsiveness (20 to 60% aggregability) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP); there were no samples that showed impaired- or non-responsiveness to collagen or ristocetin. Among the 67 samples that showed impaired responsiveness to ADP after RT storage, 62 (93%) exhibited the loss of a secondary wave of aggregation in response to ADP. After storage of blood at RT for 48 hr (pH 6.81 +/- 0.06), mean values of maximal platelet aggregability to epinephrine, ADP, collagen, and ristocetin were 8%, 16%, 19%, and 70%, which were significantly lower than the corresponding mean values after storage of blood at 4 degrees C for 48 hr (pH 7.04 +/- 0.04) (ie, 66%, 69%, 102%, and 91%, p < 0.01). In summary, refrigerated storage of human blood improves the stability of platelet responsiveness to agonists. Storage at RT causes platelet non-responsiveness to epinephrine and disturbs the release reaction of endogenous ADP.
Ferroelectricity in polyvinylidene fluoride (1978)

Changes induced in the orientation of the axes of crystallites in thin films of polyvinylidene fluoride by the application of 6×107 V/m at 100 °C for 1/2 h have been observed. The changes were observed by measuring the intensity of x rays diffracted from the film as a function of the orientation of the film relative to the diffracting x-ray beam. A simple model calculation shows that the results are consistent with the assumption that the changes are induced by the interaction of the applied electric field with the dipole moments of the polyvinylidene fluoride molecules. The model uses the fact that the orthorhombic symmetry of the unit cell results from a small distortion of a hexagonal primitive lattice, the distortion being a 1% decrease in the separation between molecules in the direction of the dipole moments. This model is consistent with the assumption that polyvinylidene fluoride is ferroelectric.
Proprotein convertases as therapeutic targets (2008)

Several potent inhibitors have been developed and successfully tested. Their therapeutic use must await further improvements in potency, selectivity, cellular delivery and tissue targeting.
Ubiquitination of serine, threonine, or lysine residues on the cytoplasmic tail can induce ERAD of MHC-I by viral E3 ligase mK3 (2007)

The mechanism by which substrates for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation are retrotranslocated to the cytosol remains largely unknown, although ubiquitination is known to play a key role. The mouse gamma-herpesvirus protein mK3 is a viral RING-CH-type E3 ligase that specifically targets nascent major histocompatibility complex I heavy chain (HC) for degradation, thus blocking the immune detection of virus-infected cells. To address the question of how HC is retrotranslocated and what role mK3 ligase plays in this action, we investigated ubiquitin conjugation sites on HC using mutagenesis and biochemistry approaches. In total, our data demonstrate that mK3-mediated ubiquitination can occur via serine, threonine, or lysine residues on the HC tail, each of which is sufficient to induce the rapid degradation of HC. Given that mK3 has numerous cellular and viral homologues, it will be of considerable interest to determine the pervasiveness of this novel mechanism of ubiquitination.
Fluorogenic Phospholipid Substrate to Detect Lysophospholipase D/Autotaxin Activity (2006)

[reaction: see text] Lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD), also known as autotaxin (ATX), is an important source of the potent mitogen lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Two fluorogenic substrate analogues for lysoPLD were synthesized in nine steps from (S)-PMB-glycerol. The substrates (FS-2 and FS-3) show significant increases in fluorescence when treated with recombinant ATX and have potential applications in screening for this emerging drug target.
Synthesis of glycoconjugate fragments of mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides and lipomannan (2011)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causitive agent of tuberculosis (TB), possesses a complex cell wall containing mannose-rich glycophospholids termed phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), lipomannan (LM), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). These glycophospholipids play important roles in cell wall function and host-pathogen interactions. Synthetic PIM/LM/LAM substructures are useful biochemical tools to delineate and dissect the fine details of mannose glycophospholipid biosynthesis and their interactions with host cells. We report the efficient synthesis of a series of azidooctyl di- and trimannosides possessing the following glycan structures: α-Man-1,6-α-Man, α-Man-1,6-α-Man-1,6-α-Man, α-Man-1,2-α-Man-1,6-α-Man and 2,6-di-(α-Man)-α-Man. The synthesis includes the use of non-benzyl protecting groups compatible with the azido group and preparation of the branched trisaccharide structure 2,6-di-(α-Man)-α-Man through a double glycosylation of a 3,4-butanediacetal-protected mannoside. The azidooctyl groups of these synthetic mannans were elaborated to fluorescent glycoconjugates and squaric ester derivatives useful for further conjugation studies.
Data embedding into pictorial images with less distortion using discrete cosine transform (1996)

The style of cryptography in which important data are embedded into image data not to be noticed by outsiders is called video steganography. This paper proposes a new method for embedding data into pictorial images. In this method, the amount of locally embedded data is adaptively varied according to the local characteristics of the original image, and more data will be embedded into the image with less distortion. Using the discrete cosine transform (DCT), data are mainly embedded into high frequency components of the image, which have little influence on the quality of the image. The amount of embedded data is varied depending on DCT components of adjacent areas not to weaken edge lines in the image. We also show the effectiveness of our method by subjective evaluation.
Electrostatic fabrication of ultrafine conducting fibers: polyaniline/polyethylene oxide blends (2000)

Ultrafine fibers of polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PAn.HCSA) blended with polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared by a non-mechanical, electrostatic spinning (“electrospinning”) technique. The morphology and fiber diameter of electrospun polyaniline blend fibers revealed that both the PEO and the PAn.HCSA/PEO blend fibers had a diameter ranging between 950 nm and 2.1 μm, with a generally uniform thickness along the fiber. The UV–visible spectra of these electrospun fibers were similar to those for cast films produced from the same solutions. As expected, the conductivity of the non-woven fiber mat, as measured by the four-point probe method, was slightly lower than that of a cast film, due to the high porosity of the non-woven mat. The rate for the vapor phase de-doping/re-doping of the electrospun fibers is at least one order of magnitude faster than for cast films, stressing the enormous effect an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio, accomplished by electrospinning the material into fibers, can have on the selected chemical properties of polyaniline blends.