gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dramatic response to levetiracetam in post-ischaemic Holmes' tremor (2006)

In GM (fig 2B), NAA reached 40% of control values, once again indicating impaired neuronal function. Cr was reduced to about 80%, and MI to 66% of control levels. There were normal amounts of Glx and Cho. Lipids and macromolecules were not detected, and lactate was ,0.5 mM.
Functionalization and fragmentation during ambient organic aerosol aging: application of the 2-D volatility basis set to field studies (2012)

Abstract. Multigenerational oxidation chemistry of atmospheric organic compounds and its effects on aerosol loadings and chemical composition is investigated by implementing the Two-Dimensional Volatility Basis Set (2-D-VBS) in a Lagrangian host chemical transport model. Three model formulations were chosen to explore the complex interactions between functionalization and fragmentation processes during gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds by the hydroxyl radical. The base case model employs a conservative transformation by assuming a reduction of one order of magnitude in effective saturation concentration and an increase of oxygen content by one or two oxygen atoms per oxidation generation. A second scheme simulates functionalization in more detail using group contribution theory to estimate the effects of oxygen addition to the carbon backbone on the compound volatility. Finally, a fragmentation scheme is added to the detailed functionalization scheme to create a functionalization-fragmentation parameterization. Two condensed-phase chemistry pathways are also implemented as additional sensitivity tests to simulate (1) heterogeneous oxidation via OH uptake to the particle-phase and (2) aqueous-phase chemistry of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. The model is applied to summer and winter periods at three sites where observations of organic aerosol (OA) mass and O:C were obtained during the European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) campaigns. The base case model reproduces observed mass concentrations and O:C well, with fractional errors (FE) lower than 55% and 25%, respectively. The detailed functionalization scheme tends to overpredict OA concentrations, especially in the summertime, and also underpredicts O:C by approximately a factor of 2. The detailed functionalization model with fragmentation agrees well with the observations for OA concentration, but still underpredicts O:C. Both heterogeneous oxidation and aqueous-phase processing have small effects on OA levels but heterogeneous oxidation, as implemented here, does enhance O:C by about 0.1. The different schemes result in very different fractional attribution for OA between anthropogenic and biogenic sources.
Optical patterning and photochemical fixation of polymer nanoparticles on glass substrates (2001)

A method for fixing patterned nanoparticles onto a substrate was developed by combining photopolymerization with a laser manipulation technique. Nanoparticles were dispersed in ethylene glycol containing monomer, crosslinker, and photoinitiator, and gathered at the focal point of a trapping laser beam (1064 nm) just on a glass substrate. Local photopolymerization within and around the nanoparticles assembly was induced by additional irradiation of a pulsed-laser beam (355 nm), resulting in generation of polyacrylamide containing nanoparticles. The polymerized assembly was evaluated by atomic force microscope observation. By scanning both trapping and excitation laser beams, patterned nanoparticles could also be fixed on a glass substrate.
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 (1989)

The poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic thiolase gene from Zoogloea ramigera was used as a hybridization probe to screen restriction digests of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 DNA. Specific hybridization signals were obtained and two fragments (a 2.3-kilobase PstI fragment and a 15-kilobase EcoRI fragment) cloned in the Escherichia coli vector pUC8 (plasmids pAeT3/pAeT10 and pAeT29, respectively). Biochemical analysis of lysates of E. coli cells containing each plasmid identified significant levels of beta-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase enzyme activities in lysates of E. coli cells containing plasmids pAeT10 or pAeT29. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pAeT10 insert identified two open reading frames which encode polypeptides of Mr = 40,500 and Mr = 26,300 corresponding to the structural genes for beta-ketothiolase (phbA) and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phbB), respectively. Amino acid sequence homologies between the two bacterial and two mammalian thiolases are discussed with respect to the chain length specificity exhibited by the different thiolase enzymes.
Characterization of the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease associated withThermus aquaticusDNA polymerase (1990)

Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase was shown to contain an associated 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. Both polymerase and exonuclease activities cosedimented with a molecular weight of 72,000 during sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using a novel in situ activity gel procedure to simultaneously detect these two activities, we observed both DNA polymerase and exonuclease in a single band following either nondenaturing or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: therefore, DNA polymerase and exonuclease activities reside in the same polypeptide. As determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis this enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 92,000. The exonuclease requires a divalent cation (MgCl2 or MnCl2), has a pH optimum of 9.0 and excises primarily deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate from double-stranded DNA. Neither heat denatured DNA nor the free oligonucleotide (24-mer) were efficient substrates for exonuclease activity. The rate of hydrolysis of a 5'-phosphorylated oligonucleotide (24-mer) annealed to M13mp2 DNA was about twofold faster than the same substrate containing a 5'-hydroxylated residue. Hydrolysis of a 5'-terminal residue from a nick was preferred threefold over the same 5'-end of duplex DNA. The 5' to 3' exonuclease activity appeared to function coordinately with the DNA polymerase to facilitate a nick translational DNA synthesis reaction.
Correction of Presbyopia in Hyperopia With a Center-distance, Paracentral-near Technique Using the Technolas 217z Platform (2008)

The peripheral presbyLASIK technique used in this study is a safe and efficient treatment that may improve functional near vision in presbyopic patients with low and moderate hyperopia (from +0.50 to +3.00 D).
Cloning, expression and sequencing of Helicobacter felis urease genes (1993)

Urease genes from Helicobacter felis were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. A genomic bank of Sau3A-digested H. felis chromosomal DNA was created using a cosmid vector. Cosmid clones were screened for urease activity following subculture on a nitrogen-limiting medium. Subcloning of DNA from an urease-positive cosmid clone led to the construction of pILL205 (9.5 kb) which conferred a urease activity of 1.2 +/- 0.5 mumole urea min-1 mg-1 bacterial protein to E. coli HB101 bacteria grown on a nitrogen-limiting medium. Random mutagenesis using a MiniTn3-Km transposable element permitted the identification of three DNA regions on pILL205 which were necessary for the expression of an urease-positive phenotype in E. coli clones. To localize the putative structural genes of H. felis on pILL205, extracts of clones harbouring the mutated copies of the plasmid were analysed by Western blotting with anti-H. felis rabbit serum. One mutant clone did not synthesize the putative UreB subunit of H. felis urease and it was postulated that the transposable element had disrupted the corresponding structural gene. By sequencing the DNA region adjacent to the transposon insertion site two open reading frames, designated ureA and ureB, were identified. The polypeptides encoded by these genes had calculated molecular masses of 26,074 and 61,663 Da, respectively, and shared 73.5% and 88.2% identity with the corresponding gene products of Helicobacter pylori urease.
Discovery of a Potent and Orally Bioavailable CCR2 and CCR5 Dual Antagonist (2009)

This report describes the discovery of a potent, orally bioavailable CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist which, while optimized for CCR2 potency, also had potent CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) activity.
An Efficient Criterion for Mode Decision in H.264/AVC (2006)

In this paper, an efficient cost function for mode decision in H.264/AVC is proposed. The proposed cost function is based on integer transform coefficients, where the rate and the distortion are jointly modeled by the number of nonzero quantized coefficients, the sum of absolute integer transformed differences (SAITD) and sum of squared integer transformed differences (SSITD). Comparing to the high-complexity cost function, which should be calculated from real bit-consumption and true reconstructed distortion for each coding mode, the proposed efficient cost function can achieve 79.93% and 22.61% time savings of computing rate-distortion cost and overall encoding, respectively, while introducing only slight degradation with 1.05% bit-rate increment and 0.049 dB PSNR drop
Co-evolving stability and conformational homogeneity of the human adenosine A2areceptor (2008)

Structural studies on mammalian integral membrane proteins have long been hampered by their instability in detergent. This is particularly true for the agonist conformation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it is thought that the movement of helices that occurs upon agonist binding results in a looser and less stable packing in the protein. Here, we show that mutagenesis coupled to a specific selection strategy can be used to stabilize the agonist and antagonist conformations of the adenosine A(2a) receptor. Of the 27 mutations identified that improve the thermostability of the agonist conformation, only three are also present in the 17 mutations identified that improve the thermostability of the antagonist conformation, suggesting that the selection strategies used were specific for each conformation. Combination of the stabilizing mutations for the antagonist- or agonist-binding conformations resulted in mutants that are more stable at higher temperatures than the wild-type receptor by 17 degrees C and 9 degrees C, respectively. The mutant receptors both showed markedly improved stability in short-chain alkyl-glucoside detergents compared with the wild-type receptor, which will facilitate their structural analysis.
Commercial optical inter-satellite communication at high data rates (2012)

Laser communication terminals with data rates far above 1 Gbps have been in operation in orbit since January 2008, and the links established between two low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have demonstrated error-free communication. Bit error rates better than 10−11 have been achieved without data encoding. Signal acquisition can be reproducibly achieved within a few seconds. After adaptation to larger link separation distances these laser communication terminals will be used in the low earth orbit-geosynchronous satellite (LEO-GEO) link of European data relay satellite (EDRS), the GEO European data relay system. LEO-to-ground and ground-to-LEO links have examined the impact of the atmosphere on such optical links. In the future, high data rate GEO-to-ground links will require ground stations equipped with adaptive optics, which are currently under development.
Assembly of Fibronectin Extracellular Matrix (2010)

In the process of matrix assembly, multivalent extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are induced to self-associate and to interact with other ECM proteins to form fibrillar networks. Matrix assembly is usually initiated by ECM glycoproteins binding to cell surface receptors, such as fibronectin (FN) dimers binding to α5ß1 integrin. Receptor binding stimulates FN self-association mediated by the N-terminal assembly domain and organizes the actin cytoskeleton to promote cell contractility. FN conformational changes expose additional binding sites that participate in fibril formation and in conversion of fibrils into a stabilized, insoluble form. Once assembled, the FN matrix impacts tissue organization by contributing to the assembly of other ECM proteins. Here, we describe the major steps, molecular interactions, and cellular mechanisms involved in assembling FN dimers into fibrillar matrix while highlighting important issues and major questions that require further investigation.
A Novel Solid-State Fault Current-Limiting Circuit Breaker for Medium-Voltage Network Applications (2015)

In this paper, a novel solid-state fault current-limiting circuit breaker (SSFCLCB) based on a series resonance LC tank is proposed. Since the series configuration of the resonance structure (a capacitor and a reactor) of the SSFCLCB is invisible during normal operation mode, it shows negligible impedance in the line. In fault conditions, the SSFCLCB topology changes to a rectifier bridge and feeds the resonance structure with rectified ac voltage. With the rectified voltage, the series capacitor is charged and, as a result, the faulty line is opened and the fault current is seized. Hence, the suggested SSFCLCB cannot only limit the fault current but can also open the faulty line and acts as a circuit breaker. For confirmation of these aspects, simulations are performed using MATLAB software. Also, a prototype structure is designed and built for results confirmation. This experimental setup is established to prove that SSFCLCB has excellent performance in its startup, normal operation, and current-limiting/breaking conditions. The results show that the SSFCLCB has the ability to improve distribution network reliability and it can decrease the network fault current level successfully.
Design and implementation of transactional constructs for C/C++ (2008)

This paper presents a software transactional memory system that introduces first-class C++ language constructs for transactional programming. We describe new C++ language extensions, a production-quality optimizing C++ compiler that translates and optimizes these extensions, and a high-performance STM runtime library. The transactional language constructs support C++ language features including classes, inheritance, virtual functions, exception handling, and templates. The compiler automatically instruments the program for transactional execution and optimizes TM overheads. The runtime library implements multiple execution modes and implements a novel STM algorithm that supports both optimistic and pessimistic concurrency control. The runtime switches a transaction's execution mode dynamically to improve performance and to handle calls to precompiled functions and I/O libraries. We present experimental results on 8 cores (two quad-core CPUs) running a set of 20 non-trivial parallel programs. Our measurements show that our system scales well as the numbers of cores increases and that our compiler and runtime optimizations improve scalability.
Superoxide Dismutase: Improving Its Pharmacological Properties by Conjugation with Human Serum Albumin (1989)

Superoxide Dismutase has been reported to offer important pharmacological advantages in modifying oxygen toxicity as a result of its ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals. This has proven most exciting in reducing damage associated with post-reperfusion damage following myocardial ischemia. Unfortunately Superoxide Dismutase has a circulation life time of only a few minutes making the exact time of its administration crucial and somewhat impractical. We report here on the production of SOD-Albumin conjugates which have important advantages over free SOD in terms of stability, extended circulation time and reduced immunogenicity.
Portable multispectral imaging system based on Raspberry Pi (2017)

Purpose In this work, the authors aim to present a compact low-cost and portable spectral imaging system for general purposes. The developed system provides information that can be used for a fast in situ identification and classification of samples based on the analysis of captured images. The connectivity of the instrument allows a deeper analysis of the images in an external computer. Design/methodology/approach The wavelength selection of the system is carried out by light multiplexing through a light-emitting diode panel where eight wavelengths covering the spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared region (NIR) have been included. The image sensor used is a red green blue – infrared (RGB-IR) micro-camera controlled by a Raspberry Pi board where a basic image processing algorithm has been programmed. It allows the visualization in an integrated display of the reflectance and the histogram of the images at each wavelength, including UV and NIRs. Findings The prototype has been tested by analyzing several samples in a variety of applications such as detection of damaged, over-ripe and sprayed fruit, classification of different type of plastic materials and determination of properties of water. Originality/value The designed system presents some advantages as being non-expensive and portable in comparison to other multispectral imaging systems. The low-cost and size of the camera module connected to the Raspberry Pi provides a compact instrument for general purposes.
The sympathetic nervous system in polycystic ovary syndrome: a novel therapeutic target? (2012)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition associated with long-term health risks, including type 2 diabetes and vascular dysfunction in addition to reproductive sequelae. Many of the common features of PCOS, such as central obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are associated with chronic sympathetic overactivity, suggesting that sympathoexcitation may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Rodent models of polycystic ovaries have shown that ovarian sympathetic outflow may be increased, accompanied by elevated intra-ovarian synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) which may be involved in initiation of ovarian pathology. Patients with PCOS have evidence of increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), altered heart rate variability and attenuated heart rate recovery postexercise, compared with age- and BMI-matched controls, suggesting a generalized increase in sympathetic nerve activity. Active weight loss can reduce MSNA and whole body noradrenaline spillover, whereas low-frequency electroacupuncture decreased MSNA in overweight women with PCOS. Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airways pressure may reduce plasma noradrenaline levels and diastolic blood pressure and improve cardiac sympathovagal balance. Renal sympathetic denervation also reduced MSNA, noradrenaline spillover and blood pressure in two PCOS subjects with hypertension, accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity. The sympathetic nervous system may thus offer a new therapeutic target in PCOS but larger and longer-term studies are needed before these treatments can be considered in clinical practice.
Repairing a torn cell surface: make way, lysosomes to the rescue (2002)

Biological membranes are often described as 'self-sealing' structures. If indeed membranes do have an inherent capacity for repair, does this explain how a cell can rapidly reseal a very large (1-1000 microm(2)) disruption in its plasma membrane? It is becoming increasingly clear that, in nucleated animal cells, the cytoplasm plays an active and essential role in resealing. A rapid and apparently chaotic membrane fusion response is initiated locally in the cytoplasm by the Ca(2+) that floods in through a disruption: cytoplasmic vesicles are thereby joined with one another (homotypically) and with the surrounding plasma membrane (exocytotically). As a consequence, internal membrane is added to cell surface membrane at the disruption site. In the case of large disruptions, this addition is hypothesized to function as a 'patch'. In sea urchin eggs, the internal compartment used is the yolk granule. Several recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how cells survive disruption-inducing injuries. In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. Protein markers of the lysosome membrane appear on the surface of fibroblasts at sites of disruption. Antibodies against lysosome-specific proteins, introduced into the living fibroblast, inhibit its resealing response. In gastric epithelial cells, local depolymerization of filamentous actin has been identified as a crucial step in resealing: it may function to remove a barrier to lysosome-plasma membrane contact leading to exocytotic fusion. Plasma membrane disruption in epithelial cells induces depolymerization of cortical filamentous actin and, if this depolymerization response is inhibited, resealing is blocked. In the Xenopus egg, the cortical cytoskeleton has been identified as an active participant in post-resealing repair of disruption-related damage to underlying cell cortex. A striking, highly localized actin polymerization response is observable around the margin of cortical defects. A myosin powered contraction occurring within this newly formed zone of F-actin then drives closure of the defect in a purse-string fashion.
Comparative carcinogenicity in A/J mice and metabolism by cultured mouse peripheral lung of N'-nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and their analogues. (1983)

The tumorigenic activities in A/J mouse lung of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines N ′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and their metabolites retaining the nitroso group were studied, and the metabolism of NNN and NNK in cultured mouse peripheral lung was investigated. A total dose of 0.12 mmol of each NNN metabolite was given in 22 i.p. injections to each A/J mouse. Thirty weeks after the last injections, the number of lung tumors per animal induced was NNN, 1.2; 3′-hydroxy- N ′-nitrosonornicotine, 0.9; 4′-hydroxy- N ′-nitrosonornicotine, 1.6; and N ′-nitrosonornicotine-1- N -oxide, 0.8. [2′,5′,5′- trideutero ]- N ′-Nitrosonornicotine, an α-trideutero analogue of NNN, induced 1.5 lung tumors/animal. In cultured mouse peripheral lung, the major metabolic pathways of [2′-14C]NNN were 2′- and 5′-carbon hydroxylation. Pyridine N -oxidation and N -denitrosation were also observed to a minor extent. These results indicate that 3′-hydroxylation, 4′-hydroxylation, and N -oxidation are not involved in the metabolic activation of NNN in A/J mouse lung. A total dose of 0.10 mmol of NNK induced 37.6 lung tumors/animal. Two of its metabolites, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol (NNAI; 26.3 tumors/animal) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl- N -oxide)-1-butanone, 3.6 tumors/animal, were less potent than was NNK. A few nasal cavity and liver tumors were also observed in the NNK- and NNAI-treated groups. In cultured peripheral lung, [1-14C]NNK was rapidly converted to [1-14C]NNAI, and both of these nitrosamines were metabolized by α-carbon hydroxylation. Radioautography of explants treated with [2′-14C]NNN or [1-14C]NNK showed higher labeling of the bronchi than of the parenchyma. The results of this study indicate that NNN and NNK can be metabolized by α-carbon hydroxylation in A/J mouse lung where most tumors are observed.