gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverted repetition in the chromosome of pseudorabies virus (1977)

An electron microscope examination of pseudorabies virus DNA single strands after self-annealing shows a loop of single-stranded DNA at one end of the molecule contiguous to a double-strand region. The molecule then terminates in a further single-stranded region that does not form a loop. It is suggested that the DNA contains a sequence of 13.3 x 106 daltons at one end, which is repeated internally with opposite polarity. The segment of the genome separating the repeats has a double-strand molecular weight of 5.4 x 106. The whole native DNA has a molecular weight of 90 x 106 to 95 x 106.
Electric Field Induced Ferroelectric Microdomain Inversion on X- and Y-Cut Lithium Niobate (1992)

Ferroelectric microdomain inversion in LiNbO3 has been demonstrated as an important means for integrated optics technology allowing quasi-phase-matching of second order nonlinear processes such as second harmonic generation in optical waveguides.
Secure group communications using key graphs (1998)

Many emerging applications (e.g., teleconference, real-time information services, pay per view, distributed interactive simulation, and collaborative work) are based upon a group communications model, i.e., they require packet delivery from one or more authorized senders to a very large number of authorized receivers. As a result, securing group communications (i.e., providing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of messages delivered between group members) will become a critical networking issue.In this paper, we present a novel solution to the scalability problem of group/multicast key management. We formalize the notion of a secure group as a triple (U,K,R) where U denotes a set of users, K a set of keys held by the users, and R a user-key relation. We then introduce key graphs to specify secure groups. For a special class of key graphs, we present three strategies for securely distributing rekey messages after a join/leave, and specify protocols for joining and leaving a secure group. The rekeying strategies and join/leave protocols are implemented in a prototype group key server we have built. We present measurement results from experiments and discuss performance comparisons. We show that our group key management service, using any of the three rekeying strategies, is scalable to large groups with frequent joins and leaves. In particular, the average measured processing time per join/leave increases linearly with the logarithm of group size.
Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Fed-Batch Culture of Recombinant Escherichia coli with a Highly Concentrated Whey Solution (2000)

Fermentation strategies for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from whey by recombinant Escherichia coli strain CGSC 4401 harboring the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes were developed. The pH-stat fed-batch cultures of E. coli CGSC 4401 harboring pJC4, a stable plasmid containing the A. latus PHA biosynthesis genes, were carried out with a concentrated whey solution containing 280 g of lactose equivalent per liter. Final cell and PHB concentrations of 119.5 and 96.2 g/liter, respectively, were obtained in 37.5 h, which resulted in PHB productivity of 2.57 g/liter/h.
CD40 signaling regulates innate and adaptive activation of microglia in response to amyloid β‐peptide (2005)

Although deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) as Abeta plaques involves activation of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, activated microglia ultimately fail to clear Abeta plaques in the brains of either Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients or AD mouse models. Mounting evidence suggests that chronic microglia-mediated immune response during Abeta deposition etiologically contributes to AD pathogenesis by promoting Abeta plaque formation. However, the mechanisms that govern microglia response in the context of cerebral Abeta/beta-amyloid pathology are not well understood. We show that ligation of CD40 by CD40L modulates Abeta-induced innate immune responses in microglia, including decreased microglia phagocytosis of exogenous Abeta(1-42) and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CD40 ligation in the presence of Abeta(1-42) leads to adaptive activation of microglia, as evidenced by increased co-localization of MHC class II with Abeta. To assess their antigen-presenting cell (APC) function, cultured microglia were pulsed with Abeta(1-42) in the presence of CD40L and co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells. Under these conditions, microglia stimulate T cell-derived IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, suggesting that CD40 signaling promotes the APC phenotype. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for our previous work showing decreased microgliosis associated with diminished cerebral Abeta/beta-amyloid pathology when blocking CD40 signaling in transgenic Alzheimer's mice.
Maturation of Insulin Response to Glucose During Human Fetal and Neonatal Development: Studies with Perifusion of Pancreatic Isletlike Cell Clusters (1988)

The insulin release in response to glucose was studied in perifused isletlike cell clusters (ICCs) obtained from human fetal or neonatal pancreases at various stages of development: 12-15 gestational wk (n = 7), 17-20 wk (n = 13), 22.5 wk (n = 2, 1 diabetic pregnancy), and 26-44 wk (n = 6, postnatal samples). The ICCs were stimulated with 20 mM glucose and subsequently with 10 mM theophylline plus 20 mM glucose as a viability test. Insulin release increased to a detectable level (greater than 0.1 pg.ICC-1.min-1) during glucose stimulation in four of seven of the youngest fetuses. At 17-20 wk the basal rate of insulin release had increased by at least 15-fold above the detection limit (1.5 pg.ICC-1.min-1), and glucose promoted a sustained monophasic response that was on the average 1.6-fold higher than the basal level. The response was significant (P less than .05) in 9 of 13 experiments. With postnatal ICC (gestational age 26-44 wk), an early-phase peak response was observed in 5 of 6 experiments. The mean rates of insulin release after 5-12 min of glucose stimulation were 4.8 pg.ICC-1.min-1 in newborn infants and 2.1 pg.ICC-1.min-1 in 17- to 20-wk fetuses. The corresponding mean relative insulin responses (stimulated to basal) were 3.3-fold (range 1.1-7.5) and 1.6-fold (1.0-3.4), respectively (P less than .05, Mann-Whitney U test). The results suggest that the human fetal pancreas is already responsive to glucose during the first half of gestation, but the biphasic insulin release does not start to mature until the postnatal phase.
Cranberries and Their Bioactive Constituents in Human Health (2013)

Recent observational and clinical studies have raised interest in the potential health effects of cranberry consumption, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The profile of cranberry bioactives is distinct from that of other berry fruit, being rich in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) in contrast to the B-type PACs present in most other fruit. Basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives, although further molecular studies are necessary. Human studies on the health effects of cranberry products have focused principally on urinary tract and cardiovascular health, with some attention also directed to oral health and gastrointestinal epithelia. Evidence suggesting that cranberries may decrease the recurrence of urinary tract infections is important because a nutritional approach to this condition could lower the use of antibiotic treatment and the consequent development of resistance to these drugs. There is encouraging, but limited, evidence of a cardioprotective effect of cranberries mediated via actions on antioxidant capacity and lipoprotein profiles. The mixed outcomes from clinical studies with cranberry products could result from interventions testing a variety of products, often uncharacterized in their composition of bioactives, using different doses and regimens, as well as the absence of a biomarker for compliance to the protocol. Daily consumption of a variety of fruit is necessary to achieve a healthy dietary pattern, meet recommendations for micronutrient intake, and promote the intake of a diversity of phytochemicals. Berry fruit, including cranberries, represent a rich source of phenolic bioactives that may contribute to human health.
Does GABA Act as a Signal in Plants? Hints from Molecular Studies (2007)

GABA is a non-protein amino acid that accumulates rapidly in plant tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stress. There have been a number of suggestions as to the role that GABA might play in plants, ranging from a straightforward involvement in N metabolism to a signal mediating plant-animal and plant-microbe interactions. It has also been several proposed that it might function as an intracellular signalling molecule in plants. Here, we discuss recent evidence that plant cells respond at the molecular level to the presence of applied GABA. We argue that these data might serve as the basis for investigating the possible signalling role for GABA in plant development and stress responses in more detail.
Study of the efficacy of an inactivated virus vaccine against porcine parvovirus. (1986)

The efficacy of an inactivated virus vaccine against porcine parvovirus has been studied by immunizing 4 sows during pregnancy. A parvovirus virulent strain has been inoculated to these sows and to two other unvaccinated sows used as controls. The infection was performed between the 52nd and the 57th day of gestation. In the litters born from the vaccinated sows, 82% of the piglets were alive and normal. Neither PPV antibodies nor antigen could be revealed in the stillborn fetuses born from the 4 vaccinated sows. Reversely, only 9.5% of the piglets born from the 2 unvaccinated sows were alive at birth, although they were probably infected during pregnancy. In total, 86% of fetuses in these 2 litters were mummified. A field study allowed to show that the double vaccination antibodies induced, persisted with constant titers for, at least, 13 months. Moreover, the reproductive performance of 413 gilts, vaccinated twice before mating, were not affected by this treatment.
Safe Abortion in Africa: Ending the Silence and Starting a Movement / L'Avortement sans Risque en Afrique: La Rupture du Silence et le Lancement d'un Mouvement (1999)

Corinne Whitaker, Adrienne Germain, Safe Abortion in Africa: Ending the Silence and Starting a Movement / L'Avortement sans Risque en Afrique: La Rupture du Silence et le Lancement d'un Mouvement, African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Oct., 1999), pp. 7-14
Tree pattern inference and matching for wrapper induction on the World Wide Web (2004)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Roles of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) in natural killer cell transendothelial migration and β 2 integrin activation (1996)

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surfaces of monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, a subpopulation of T cells, and, as described in this work, on NK cells. It is also concentrated at the junctions between endothelial cells (EC) in culture, and is expressed on continuous endothelia in all tissues. PECAM has been shown to be involved in monocyte and neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo. The function of PECAM in NK cell interaction with EC has never been studied. In this work, we demonstrate that ligation of PECAM on the surface of NK cells activates their beta 2 integrins. Anti-PECAM Abs added to NK cells caused a 2.5- to 4-fold increase in the binding of these cells to monolayers of EC or 3T3 cells transfected with ICAM-1, and this was inhibited by a mAb against CD18. PECAM also plays a role in NK cell transendothelial migration. Anti-PECAM Abs inhibited 50% of NK cell transmigration through resting EC in an in vitro system. The transmigration of CD56dim and CD56bright cells was inhibited equally. IFN-gamma increased NK cell transmigration; the transmigration of CD56bright cells was increased to a much greater extent than CD56dim transmigration (4-fold vs 1.5-fold). Anti-PECAM inhibited the transmigration of CD56dim cells by 30%, while that of CD56bright cells was not blocked. These studies demonstrate that PECAM-1 could play an important role in the extravasation of NK cells into tissues for constitutive surveillance and into sites of inflammation.
Automatic generation of ontology based annotations in XML and their use in retrieval systems (2002)

The unprecedented growth in the volume of online information has led to an information explosion which has made producing queries over this information difficult. In this paper, we examine an automated mechanism which allows users to access this information in a structured manner by analyzing unstructured text by domain-specific ontologies, annotating these documents using XML tags and using specific query processing techniques. Our approach is to use focused linguistic techniques over a limited context of an ontology for the identification and annotation of basic concepts and relationships in textual documents. These annotated documents can then be related to other structured information sources specified over similar ontologies.
Characterization of radioactive metabolites of 5-HT2A receptor PET ligand [18F]altanserin in human and rodent (1999)

This study was performed to identify and characterize the radiometabolites of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor ligand [18F]altanserin in supporting quantification of the target receptors by positron emission tomography. In analogy to its analog ketanserin, we postulated 4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine (FBP) and altanserinol for the previously observed two polar radiometabolites, corresponding to dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen and reduction at the ketone, respectively. To test this hypothesis and characterize the in vivo and in vitro behavior of the radiometabolites, we synthesized nonradioactive authentic compounds altanserinol, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)methanol (FBPOH), and isolated nonradioactive FBP metabolite from monkey plasma. [18F]Altanserinol was obtained by NaBH4 reduction of [18F]altanserin, followed by acid hydrolysis. Identification of radiometabolites was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography comparison of the radioactive plasma after injection of tracers with five authentic compounds. Human studies revealed that at least four radiometabolites, one identified as [18F]altanserinol, resulted from reduction of the ketone functionality. The N-dealkylation product [18F]FBP was not detectable; however, a radiometabolite of FBP was present in plasma after administration of [18F]altanserin. Monkey studies showed nonradioactive FBP was converted rapidly to a less polar metabolite. In rat, altanserin and altanserinol were converted to each other in vivo, and all the radiometabolites likely penetrated the blood-brain barrier and entered the brain. Displacement binding of altanserin to cloned serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors showed Ki values of 0.3, 6.0, 1,756, and 15 nM; the binding of FBP and altanserinol to these four 5-HT subtypes was negligible. We conclude from these studies that the radiometabolites of [18F]altanserin from N-dealkylation and ketone reduction should not interfere with specific receptor quantification in an equilibrium paradigm.
Molecular characterization of environmental and nontoxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae (1981)

Environmental and nontoxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae 0-1 were examined for genes homologous to genes encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Restriction fragments encoding LT A and B subunits were isolated from the recombinant plasmid EWD299 and labeled in vitro with 32P. These probes were then hybridized to deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from strains of V. cholerae and visualized by autoradiography. None of the nontoxigenic strains of V. cholerae 0-1 from Louisiana, Alabama, Maryland, Guam, Brazil, Bangladesh, or Great Britain hybridized with the LT probes, whereas all toxigenic strains exhibited homology. In addition, strains of V. cholerae non-0-1, "group F" vibrios, V. vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila were tested, and all were negative except two strains of V. cholerae non-0-1. The presence of plasmids did not correlate with toxigenicity or nontoxigenicity in any of the species examined. Thus, it appears that these strains are not simple nontoxigenic mutants, but rather do not possess any genetic material encoding cholera toxin. Such strains therefore cannot revert and serve as a reservoir of cholera.
An Implicit Enumeration Algorithm to Generate Tests for Combinational Logic Circuits (1981)

The D-algorithm (DALG) is shown to be ineffective for the class of combinational logic circuits that is used to implement error correction and translation (ECAT) functions. PODEM (path-oriented decision making) is a new test generation algorithm for combinational logic circuits. PODEM uses an implicit enumeration approach analogous to that used for solving 0-1 integer programming problems. It is shown that PODEM is very efficient for ECAT circuits and is significantly more efficient than DALG over the general spectrum of combinational logic circuits. A distinctive feature of PODEM is its simplicity when compared to the D-algorithm. PODEM is a complete algorithm in that it will generate a test if one exists. Heuristics are used to achieve an efficient implicit search of the space of all possible primary input patterns until either a test is found or the space is exhausted.
Tolerance during Dosing with H2-Receptor Antagonists (1992)

Diminution of antisecretory effect of H2-receptor antagonists with repeated oral dosing, termed tolerance, has been established in healthy volunteers. Anecdotal evidence indicates the development of tolerance with intravenous dosing. These findings demonstrate that tolerance may be clinically relevant in diseases where tight control of acidity is required. Patients with duodenal ulcer disease, however, do not develop significant tolerance, according to the sparse investigations available. Tolerance will, at most, only be of minor clinical significance in failures of DU to heal. The mechanisms implicated in the development of tolerance remain unclear.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of Achillea clavennae L. essential oil (2003)

The volatile constituents of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae), rare plant of Europe, have been analysed using GC/MS. Twenty- five components making up 81.6% of the oil were characterized with camphor (29.5%), myrcene (5.5%), 1,8-cineole (5.3%), beta-caryophyllene (5.1%) and linalool (4.9%) being the major constituents. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil was conducted by a disc diffusion test against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and fungal organisms (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans). The activity was more pronounced against Gram-negative and fungal organisms than against Gram-positive bacteria. A. clavennae oil was found to possess antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all fungal organisms.
Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase inToxoplasma gondiiAttenuates Tachyzoite Virulence in Mice (1999)

We tested the virulence in mice of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites containing various copies of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase fusion sequence (CAT-HSTK). Tachyzoite isolates containing >/=five copies of the fusion sequence were not lethal to female CD-1 outbred or BALB/c inbred mice, at doses up to 10(6) parasites, while the parental RH strain caused 100% mortality within 2 weeks at doses as low as 10 parasites. Mice infected with CTK11, an isolate containing five copies of the fusion sequence, showed no overt symptoms of disease and were protected from lethal challenge with the parental RH strain. The CTK11 isolate showed no difference in growth rate, the rate of host cell invasion, or extracellular viability in cell culture compared with parental RH parasites, demonstrating that the CAT-HSTK fusion protein does not affect the normal viability of this isolate. B11, B11C, and D1 isolates contained one or two copies of the CAT-HSTK coding sequence, were not sensitive to thymidine in cell culture, and caused 100% mortality in CD-1 outbred mice in <12 days. A fourth isolate, D1C, contained seven copies of the CAT-HSTK fusion sequence and was sensitive to exogenous thymidine (50% inhibitory concentration = 5.5 microM). Mice infected with D1C showed no symptoms of disease and survived beyond 90 days, thus correlating increased CAT-HSTK gene copies with thymidine sensitivity in cell culture and attenuated virulence in mice. BALB/c mice containing a targeted disruption of the gamma interferon gene (gko) were also susceptible to infection with CTK11 parasites but could be rescued by administration of subcutaneous thymidine once each day for 5 or 10 days following infection. These results suggest that the attenuation of CAT-HSTK(+) isolates in mice is directly due to active thymidine kinase that likely alters the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in these parasites.
Multidimensional Binary Search Trees in Database Applications (1979)

The multidimensional binary search tree (abbreviated k-d tree) is a data structure for storing multikey records. This structure has been used to solve a number of "geometric" problems in statistics and data analysis. The purposes of this paper are to cast k-d trees in a database framework, to collect the results on k-d trees that have appeared since the structure was introduced, and to show how the basic data structure can be modified to facilitate implementation in large (and very large) databases.
Improved cervical smear assessment using antibodies against proteins that regulate DNA replication (1998)

Carcinoma of the cervix is one of the most common malignancies. Papanicolaou (Pap) smear tests have reduced mortality by up to 70%. Nevertheless their interpretation is notoriously difficult with high false-negative rates and frequently fatal consequences. We have addressed this problem by using affinity-purified antibodies against human proteins that regulate DNA replication, namely Cdc6 and Mcm5. These antibodies were applied to sections and smears of normal and diseased uterine cervix by using immunoperoxidase or immunofluorescence to detect abnormal precursor malignant cells. Antibodies against Cdc6 and Mcm5 stain abnormal cells in cervical smears and sections with remarkably high specificity and sensitivity. Proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are much less effective. The majority of abnormal precursor malignant cells are stained in both low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Immunostaining of cervical smears can be combined with the conventional Pap stain so that all the morphological information from the conventional method is conserved. Thus antibodies against proteins that regulate DNA replication can reduce the high false-negative rate of the Pap smear test and may facilitate mass automated screening.
Synthetic Medium for Calcification of Bacterionema matruchotii (1971)

A synthetic medium was developed for further study of intracellular calcification by Bacterionema matruchotii. The medium contained metastable calcium phosphate, six other salts, three purines, two pyrimidines, nine vitamins, pimelic and thioctic acids, vitamin-free casein hydrolysate, and glucose. The vehicle was 0.1 M N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 7.4.