gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pattern of disease after murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection correlates with macrophage activation and not viral replication (1995)

Murine hepatitis virus strain (MHV-3) produces a strain-dependent pattern of disease which has been used as a model for fulminant viral hepatitis. This study was undertaken to examine whether there was a correlation between macrophage activation and susceptibility or resistance to MHV-3 infection. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from resistant A/J and susceptible BALB/cJ mice and, following stimulation with MHV-3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), analyzed for transcription of mRNA and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), mouse fibrinogen-like protein (musfiblp), tissue factor (TF), leukotriene B4, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Macrophages from BALB/cJ mice produced greater amounts of IL-1, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, leukotriene B4, and musfiblp following MHV-3 infection than macrophages from resistant A/J mice, whereas in response to LPS, equivalent amounts of IL-1, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and TF were produced by macrophages from both strains of mice. Levels of mRNA of IL-1, TNF-alpha, and musfiblp were greater and more persistent in BALB/cJ than in A/J macrophages, whereas the levels and kinetics of IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TF mRNA following LPS stimulation were identical in macrophages from both strains of mice. Levels of production of PGE2 by MHV-3-stimulated macrophages from resistant and susceptible mice were equivalent; however, the time course for induction of PGE2, differed, but the total quantity of PGE2 produced was insufficient to inhibit induction of musfiblp, a procoagulant known to correlate with development of fulminant hepatic necrosis in susceptible mice. These results demonstrate marked differences in production of inflammatory mediators to MHV-3 infection in macrophages from resistant A/J and susceptible BALB/cJ mice, which may explain the marked hepatic necrosis and fibrin deposition and account for the lethality of MHV-3 in susceptible mice.
Alkanethiolate-Protected Copper Nanoparticles:  Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Solid-State Morphological Evolution (2001)

Copper nanoparticles protected by alkanethiolate monolayers were prepared in a one-phase system using superhydride as the reducing reagent. The as-produced nanoparticles were typically found within the size range of 1−2 nm in diameter and of spherical shape. UV−vis and FTIR spectroscopies were carried out to investigate the particle optoelectronic properties and the molecular conformations of the protecting monolayers. Electrochemistry was used to study their quantized charging properties in solutions where the nanoparticle molecular capacitance was evaluated. When the particles were subject to mild-temperature thermal annealing in solid state, large (>10 nm) nanocrystals emerged with well-define facets and distinct surface morphologies. While the majority of the nanocrystals were spherical, other crystal shapes such as hexagons, pentagons, diamonds, triangles, and even rods were very visible. Discussion of the molecular mechanism for the shape evolution is presented.
Use of the HEp‐2 cell substrate in the detection of antinuclear antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1984)

Presence and titer of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were determined in 217 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients, by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells as substrate. Positive ANA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) were present in 131 (60%) of the JRA patients. All 3 JRA onset types demonstrated increased percentages of ANA positivity compared with healthy children. Sixty-seven percent of the patients in the polyarticular onset group had positive titers; titers were positive in 62% of the pauciarticular onset group and in 32% of the systemic onset group. ANA were also found in 45% of control patients with other connective tissue diseases. In JRA patients, the speckled pattern occurred most commonly (72%). Fourteen patients (8 with pauciarticular onset and 6 with polyarticular onset) had iridocyclitis; all of them had high titers (greater than or equal to 1:80) of ANA. The use of HEp-2 cells provided a sensitive substrate for detecting ANA in JRA. It proved to be of value in differentiating JRA patients from healthy controls, but not from patients with other connective tissue diseases.
Preclinical Evaluation of Bispecific Adaptor Molecule Controlled Folate Receptor CAR-T Cell Therapy With Special Focus on Pediatric Malignancies (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed pediatric oncology by producing high remission rates and potent effects in CD19+ B-cell malignancies. This scenario is ideal as CD19 expression is homogeneous and human blood provides a favorable environment for CAR-T cells to thrive and destroy cancer cells (along with normal B cells). Yet, CAR-T cell therapies for solid tumors remain challenged by fewer tumor targets and poor CAR-T cell performances in a hostile tumor microenvironment. For acute myeloid leukemia and childhood solid tumors such as osteosarcoma, the primary treatment is systemic chemotherapy that often falls short of expectation especially for relapsed and refractory conditions. We aim to develop a CAR-T adaptor molecule (CAM)-based therapy that uses a bispecific small-molecule ligand EC17, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated with folic acid, to redirect FITC-specific CAR-T cells against folate receptor (FR)-positive tumors. As previously confirmed in rodents as well as in human clinical studies, EC17 penetrates solid tumors within minutes and is retained due to high affinity for the FR, whereas unbound EC17 rapidly clears from the blood and from receptor-negative tissues. When combined with a rationally designed CAR construct, EC17 CAM was shown to trigger CAR-modified T cell activation and cytolytic activity with a low FR threshold against tumor targets. However, maximal cytolytic potential correlated with (i) functional FR levels (in a semi-log fashion), (ii) the amount of effector cells present, and (iii) tumors' natural sensitivity to T cell mediated killing. In tumor-bearing mice, administration of EC17 CAM was the key to drive CAR-T cell activation, proliferation, and persistence against FR+ pediatric hematologic and solid tumors. In our modeling systems, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was induced under specific conditions, but the risk of severe CRS could be easily mitigated or prevented by applying intermittent dosing and/or dose-titration strategies for the EC17 CAM. Our approach offers the flexibility of antigen control, prevents T cell exhaustion, and provides additional safety mechanisms including rapid reversal of severe CRS with intravenous sodium fluorescein. In this paper, we summarize the translational aspects of our technology in support of clinical development.
Protective effects of a glucocorticoid on downregulation of pulmonary beta 2-adrenergic receptors in vivo. (1995)

We investigated the in vivo effects of a glucocorticoid on beta-agonist-induced downregulation of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors (determined by [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding), mRNA expression (assessed by Northern blotting), and gene transcription (using nuclear run-on assays) in rat lung. Dexamethasone (Dex) (0.2 mg/kg/d, days 1-8) increased beta 1- and beta 2-receptor numbers by 70 and 69% above control, respectively, but did not change their mRNA expression. Isoproterenol (Iso) (0.96 mg/kg/d, days 2-8) decreased beta 1- and beta 2-receptor numbers by 48 and 51%, respectively, and also reduced mRNA expression by 69 and 57%, respectively. The combination of Dex and Iso resulted in no net change in beta 2-receptor number and its mRNA expression, although there was a significant reduction in beta 1-receptor number and mRNA expression. The mapping of beta 1- and beta 2-receptors by receptor autoradiography confirmed these findings over alveoli, epithelium, endothelium, and airway and vascular smooth muscle. We also measured the activation of the transcription factor, cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. CREB-like DNA-binding activity was decreased after Iso treatment but this decrease was prevented after treatment with Dex. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that the transcription rate of the beta 1-receptor gene did not alter after Dex treatment, but was reduced after Iso treatment. The transcription rate of the beta 2-receptor gene was increased after Dex treatment by approximately twofold, but there was no change after Iso treatment. We conclude that glucocorticoids can prevent homologous downregulation of beta 2-receptor number and mRNA expression at the transcriptional level without affecting beta 1-receptors and that the transcription factor CREB may be involved in this phenomenon. Such an effect may have clinical implications for preventing the development of tolerance to beta 2-agonists in asthmatic patients treated with beta-agonist bronchodilators.
Bioinspired Alkenyl Amino Alcohol Ionizable Lipid Materials for Highly Potent In Vivo mRNA Delivery (2016)

Thousands of human diseases could be treated by selectively controlling the expression of specific proteins in vivo. A new series of alkenyl amino alcohol (AAA) ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of delivering human mRNA with unprecedented levels of in vivo efficacy is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of utilizing synthesis tools in tandem with biological inspiration to understand and improve nucleic acid delivery in vivo.
Valvular Myofibroblast Activation by Transforming Growth Factor-β (2004)

The pathogenesis of cardiac valve disease correlates with the emergence of muscle-like fibroblasts (myofibroblasts). These cells display prominent stress fibers containing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and are believed to differentiate from valvular interstitial cells (VICs). However, the biological factors that initiate myofibroblast differentiation and activation in valves remain unidentified. We show that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mediates differentiation of VICs into active myofibroblasts in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a significant increase in alpha-SMA and the dramatic augmentation of stress fiber formation and alignment. Additionally, TGF-beta1 and increased mechanical stress function synergistically to enhance contractility. In turn, contractile valve myofibroblasts exert tension on the extracellular matrix, resulting in a dramatic realignment of extracellular fibronectin fibrils. TGF-beta1 also inhibits valve myofibroblast proliferation without enhancing apoptosis. Our results are consistent with activation of a highly contractile myofibroblast phenotype by TGF-beta1 and are the first to connect valve myofibroblast contractility with pathological valve matrix remodeling. We suggest that the activation of contractile myofibroblasts by TGF-beta1 may be a significant first step in promoting alterations to the valve matrix architecture that are evident in valvular heart disease.
The Nonlocalp‐Laplacian Evolution for Image Interpolation (2011)

This paper presents an image interpolation model with nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization. The nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization overcomes the drawback of the partial differential equation (PDE) proposed by Belahmidi and Guichard (2004) that image density diffuses in the directions pointed by local gradient. The grey values of images diffuse along image feature direction not gradient direction under the control of the proposed model, that is, minimal smoothing in the directions across the image features and maximal smoothing in the directions along the image features. The total regularizer combines the advantages of nonlocal p ‐Laplacian regularization and total variation (TV) regularization (preserving discontinuities and 1D image structures). The derived model efficiently reconstructs the real image, leading to a natural interpolation, with reduced blurring and staircase artifacts. We present experimental results that prove the potential and efficacy of the method.
Structure-function relations and site of action of apamin, a neurotoxic polypeptide of bee venom with an action on the central nervous system (1975)

Specific chemical modifications of apamin have been used to study the residues involved in its toxic action. Transformation of Lys4 into homoarginine did not affect toxicity. Modification of the alpha-amino group of Cys1 and of the epsilon-amino group of Lys4 by acetic anhydride or fluorescamine decreased toxicity only by a factor of 2.5-2.8. Modification of the gamma-carboxylate of Glu7 with glycine ethyl ester in the presence of a soluble carbodiimide decreased toxicity by a factor of 2. Diethyl pyrocarbonate treated of the imidazole side chain of His18 decreased toxicity by a factor of 2.6. Thus none of these residues is essential for toxicity. However, combined modification of amino groups and of the imidazole side chain of His-18 completely abolished biological activity. Complete loss of toxicity also resulted from reduction and alkylation of both disulfide bridges, from chemical modification with cyclohexanedione of Arg-13 and Arg-14, and from removal of Arg-14 of acetylated apamin by digestion with trypsin. Incorporation of radioactive acetyl groups on both amino groups of apamin gave an active labeled toxin which has been used to localize the site of action of apamin in the spinal cord, principally in the lumbar part of the neuraxis.
Bismuth(III) Triflate: A Safe and Easily Handled Precursor for Triflic Acid: Application to the Esterification Reaction (2010)

A series of carboxylic acids were converted into their corresponding methyl esters using bismuth(III) triflate as a catalyst in methanol. Good to excellent yields were obtained for different aliphatic or aromatic starting materials. In the reaction, bismuth triflate acts as a precursor that, upon hydrolysis, liberates sufficient triflic acid to catalyze the esterification.
Diffractive Higgs and Dijet Production at Colliders (2008)

The advent of high-energy particle colliders, such as DESY HERA, Fermi-lab Tevatron and forthcoming CERN LHC, provides a good opportunity to studydiﬀractive (rapidity gap) physics which is intimately related with hard QCD diﬀrac-tion, i.e., diﬀraction based on the partonic structure of Pomeron [1]. The partonicstructure of Pomeron is established by diﬀractive jet production in hadron-hadron[2–5] and lepton-hadron [6] processes.For the intermediate mass Higgs boson (m
Coupling Reaction of Alkenes with α-Bromo Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Using Nickel Boride and Borohydride Exchange Resin in Methanol (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCoupling Reaction of Alkenes with α-Bromo Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Using Nickel Boride and Borohydride Exchange Resin in Methanol†Meyoung Ju Joung, Jin Hee Ahn, Dong Won Lee, and Nung Min YoonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8, 2755–2757Publication Date (Web):March 28, 1998Publication History Received14 November 1997Published online28 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo972019zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo972019zbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ethyl groups,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
ThinSight (2007)

ThinSight is a novel optical sensing system, fully integrated into a thin form factor display, capable of detecting multi-ple fingers placed on or near the display surface. We describe this new hardware in detail, and demonstrate how it can be embedded behind a regular LCD, allowing sensing without degradation of display capability. With our approach, fingertips and hands are clearly identifiable through the display. The approach of optical sensing also opens up the exciting possibility for detecting other physical objects and visual markers through the display, and some initial experiments are described. We also discuss other novel capabilities of our system: interaction at a distance using IR pointing devices, and IR-based communication with other electronic devices through the display. A major advantage of ThinSight over existing camera and projector based optical systems is its compact, thin form-factor making such systems even more deployable. We therefore envisage using ThinSight to capture rich sensor data through the display which can be processed using computer vision techniques to enable both multi-touch and tangible interaction.
Estimate of direct financial losses due to porcine proliferative enteropathy (1997)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Dysregulation of protein synthesis and disease (2009)

The regulation of protein synthesis plays as important a role as transcriptional control in the control of gene expression. Once thought solely to act globally, translational control has now been shown to be able to control the expression of most genes specifically. Dysregulation of this process is associated with a range of pathological conditions, notably cancer and several neurological disorders, and can occur in many ways. These include alterations in the expression of canonical initiation factors, mutations in regulatory mRNA sequence elements in 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), such as upstream open reading frames (uORFs), internal ribosome entry segments (IRESs) and micro-RNA (miR) target sites, and the altered expression of trans-acting protein factors that bind to and regulate these elements. Translational control is increasingly open for study in both fresh and fixed tissue, and this rapidly developing field is yielding useful diagnostic and prognostic tools that will hopefully provide new targets for effective treatments.
A Unique Developmental Pattern of Oct-3/4DNA Methylation Is Controlled by a cis-demodification Element (2002)

Oct-3/4 is the earliest expressed transcription factor that is known to be crucial in murine pre-implantation development. In this report we asked whether methylation participates in controlling changes in Oct-3/4 expression and thus may play an important role in controlling normal embryogenesis. We show that the Oct-3/4 gene is unmethylated from the blastula stage but undergoes de novo methylation at 6.5 days post-coitum and remains modified in all adult somatic tissues analyzed. Oct-3/4 remains unmethylated in 6.25 days post-coitum epiblast cells when other genes, such as apoAI, undergo de novo methylation. We show that methylation of the Oct-3/4 promoter sequence strongly compromises its ability to direct efficient transcription. Moreover, DNA methylation inhibits basal transcription of the endogenous Oct-3/4 gene in vivo. We found that the Oct-3/4 gene harbors a cis-specific demodification element that includes the proximal enhancer sequence. This element leads to demethylation in embryonal carcinoma cells when the sequence is initially methylated and protects the local region from de novo methylation in post-implantation embryos. These results indicate that in the embryo protection from de novo methylation is not a unique feature of imprinted or housekeeping genes that carry a CpG island, but is also applicable to tissue-specific genes expressed during early stages of embryogenesis. Methylation of Oct-3/4 may be analogous to methylation of CpG islands on the inactive X chromosome that also occurs at later stages of development.
Applications of ultrasound stimulated vibro-acoustography (2004)

Vibro-acoustography is a method of imaging and measurement that uses ultrasound to produce radiation force to vibrate objects. The radiation force is concentrated laterally by focusing the ultrasound beam. The radiation force is limited in depth by intersecting two beams at different frequencies so that there is interference between the beams at the difference frequency only at their intersection. This results in a radiation stress of limited spatial extent on or within the object of interest. The resulting harmonic displacement of the object is detected by its acoustic emission, with ultrasound Doppler measurement, or with a laser interferometer. The displacement is a complicated function of the object material parameters. However, significant images and measurements can be made with this arrangement. Vibro-acoustography can produce images of biologically relevant objects such as breast micro-calcification and vessel calcifications, heart valves, and normal arteries. Several examples of these results will be described.
Assessment of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity in vivo in humans: A cocktail study with dextromethorphan and chloroguanide alone and in combination (1999)

When CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity are assessed, dextromethorphan and chloroguanide cannot be associated in a cocktail because chloroguanide increases the dextromethorphan metabolic ratio. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity can be determined from a blood sample drawn 3 hours after oral administration of dextromethorphan and chloroguanide, respectively.
On the importance of exact synchronization for distributed audio signal processing (2004)

We propose a new paradigm for implementations of audio array processing algorithms on a network of distributed general-purpose computers. In contrast to currently existing DSP processor-based solutions, our approach offers new possibilities for advanced array signal processing by enabling the usage of general-purpose computing platforms with their superior computational and storage resources. We demonstrate that synchronization of sensors is essential for acoustic blind source separation (BSS) algorithms, and we propose a synchronization scheme that enables BSS on distributed, wirelessly networked computers and can easily be implemented on existing hardware.
Comparison of criteria for assigning germ cell tumor patients to "good risk" and "poor risk" studies. (1988)

To evaluate the potential effect of patient selection on chemotherapy trials for patients with advanced germ cell tumors (GCT), four sets of eligibility criteria for poor risk trials were compared in 118 patients. A significant difference was found in the number of patients designated poor risk by the various criteria (P less than .005). Disagreement in the risk assignment by the various selection criteria was seen in 44% of patients. Initial complete response (CR) rates in patients designated poor risk by the various criteria ranged from 38% to 62%. Initial CR rates as high as 94% were seen in patients considered to be poor risk by one set of criteria, but good risk by another. Substantial differences in sensitivity, specificity, overall predictive value, and survival distributions were observed for the various selection criteria. Randomized trials will be necessary to reduce the influence of eligibility criteria on trial outcome and conclusions.