gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plancton Marin Bioluminescent: inventaire documenté des espèces et bilan des formes les plus communes de la mer d'Iroise (1999)

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre des recherches sur la bioluminescence marine, conduites depuis 1992 au Laboratoire d'Océanographie de l'École Navale (LOEN). À ce jour, la mise au point d’un bathyphotomètre, utilisable jusqu’à 2000 m, permet la maîtrise de la mesure physique (VINCENDEAU-CROCI, 1998 ; GEISTDOERFER & VINCENDEAU-CROCI, 1999). Les développements à venir concernent l'étude des variations spatio-temporelles en mer d'Iroise et la mise au point d'un modèle prédictif, projet qui nécessite de déterminer les organismes planctoniques responsables de la bioluminescence. L'élaboration de cette liste des espèces bioluminescentes constitue une étape préliminaire pour identifier et reconnaître les espèces qui seront récoltées au cours des campagnes du LOEN.Sont considérés dans cette synthèse les organismes bioluminescents du plancton marin, végétaux ou animaux, uni ou pluricellulaires, par définition se déplaçant peu ou pas du tout au sein des masses d’eaux, si ce n'est sous l'effet des courants. Les groupes qui comprennent de nombreuses espèces bioluminescentes sont les bactéries, dinoflagellés, radiolaires, cnidaires et cténaires, crustacés (copépodes, amphipodes, euphausiacés, décapodes), chaetognathes, et tuniciers. Dans une moindre mesure, des espèces luminescentes sont également connues chez les mollusques gastéropodes, annélides polychètes, et échinodermes holothurides. Les mollusques céphalopodes et les poissons, généralement non planctoniques, sont exclus de ce travail, bien que comprenant de nombreuses espèces lumineuses (cf. HERRING, 1978b : 210, pour les céphalopodes, et HERRING & MORIN, 1978 : 273, pour les poissons).
A hike through post-EJB J2EE Web application architecture (2005)

Since the mid-nineties, server-based Web applications have emerged as a convenient way to provide functionality to a user audience without any specific software or system requirements except the need for a reasonably up-to-date Web browser. The tricky integration, installation, and configuration tasks are under the control of an expert on the server side. These advantages apply to both the general public and small research teams. Typical Web applications have browser-based user interfaces for one or more user roles and might keep some information in persistent storage, such as a relational database. Since the early days of common gateway interface (CGI) scripting, technologies for developing Web applications have evolved by leaps and bounds to address growing expectations with respect to reliability, maintainability, extensibility, performance, scalability, and other goals. In this article - the first in a planned series about Web application development - we take an exploratory hike through the architectural layers of a Web application built with state-of-the-art, widely used technologies. The paper focus on the upper layers that provide the application's user interface. By no means intended as a complete treatise on Web application development, this article is an overview meant to spark your interest and provide a starting Doint for further exploration.
Incidence of Weak Opioids Adverse Events in the Management of Cancer Pain: A Double-Blind Comparative Trial (2007)

With the objective of comparing incidence of adverse events of the opioids codeine, hydrocodone, and tramadol in the relief of cancer pain, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in which patients with cancer were randomly assigned according to a computer-generated schedule to receive one of the three opioids. Of the 177 patients who participated, 62 patients received hydrocodone, 59 patients received codeine, and 56 patients received tramadol. The pain experienced by the participants originated most frequently from the stomach, breast, or prostate gland and was classified as either somatic (33%), visceral (52%), mixed (6%), or neuropathic (9%). At the first visit, 60% of the patients described their pain intensity as moderate (4-6/10), with the remaining 40% of the patients describing their pain as severe (7-10/10). The symptoms most associated with pain were weakness, insomnia. and anorexia. In 77% of the total number of cases, the patient was aware of his/her diagnosis prior to admittance to the palliative care unit. Of the total number of cases, 57% fell in the age range of 60-89 years old and 50% of the participants were female. No significant statistical difference in the analgesic efficacy of the three opioids was found (p: 0.69; chi(2): 0.73). Use of tramadol produced higher rates of adverse events than codeine and hydrocodone: vomiting, dizziness, loss of appetite, and weakness (p < 0.05).
Chemotherapy of Advanced Hodgkin's Disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP Alternating with ABVD (1992)

In this trial, ABVD therapy for 6 to 8 months was as effective as 12 months of MOPP alternating with ABVD, and both were superior to MOPP alone in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease. ABVD was less myelotoxic than MOPP or ABVD alternating with MOPP.
Imaging β-Cell Death With a Near-Infrared Probe (2005)

Evidence exists for an essential role of beta-cell apoptosis in the pathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Current methods for diabetes-associated apoptosis detection, however, suffer the drawbacks of relying on in situ-based strategies. In this study, we attempted to measure, both in vitro and ex vivo, levels of beta-cell apoptosis in diabetic mice using Cy5.5-labeled annexin V. We used streptozotocin-treated BALB/c mice and NOD mice of different ages as models of type 1 diabetes and db/db mice as a model of type 2 diabetes. With annexin V Cy5.5, we established differences in levels of apoptosis between diabetic and control animals. Intravenously administered annexin V Cy5.5 accumulated in pancreata of diabetic mice but not in nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, its localization was specific to apoptotic events within diabetic islets; its selectivity was supported by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Because annexin V defines an early marker of apoptosis and the developed probe is suitable for in vivo administration, it may provide a promising tool for real-time identification in intact animals of the earliest stages of diabetes-associated beta-cell death and for tracing the events that characterize the pathology of the disease.
[Effects of cytarabine ocfosfate on colony-stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7]. (1994)

A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pancytopenia in April 1992. A diagnosis of refractory anemia was made. The karyotype was normal male type on the initial study. Subcutaneous administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) initially increased the peripheral neutrophil count, bat in January 1993, although blast cells did not increase, neutrophils had decreased in spite of the continuation of G-CSF administration. Chromosome analysis showed 46XY, +Y, -7 at this point. By adding 50 mg of cytarabine ocfosfate (SPAC) daily, the peripheral neutrophil count again rose dramatically. However, anemia, thrombocytopenia and the chromosomal abnormality were unchanged. These results indicate that SPAC may upregulate the effect of G-CSF on granulopoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic Device To Measure Anti-Anthrax Protective Antigen Immunoglobulin G in Serum and Whole Blood (2006)

Evidence from animals suggests that anti-anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) from vaccination with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is protective against Bacillus anthracis infection. Measurement of anti-PA IgG in human sera can be performed using either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (ELISA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:50-55, 2004). Both these methods are laboratory based. We describe the development of a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) test kit for the measurement of anti-PA IgG in serum or whole-blood samples (30-microl samples) using colloidal gold nanoparticles as the detection reagent and an internal control. Using sera from 19 anthrax AVA vaccinees (anti-PA IgG range, 2.4 to 340 microg/ml) and 10 controls and PA-supplemented whole-blood samples, we demonstrated that the LFIA had a sensitivity of approximately 3 microg/ml anti-PA IgG in serum and approximately 14 microg/ml anti-PA IgG in whole blood. Preabsorption of sera with PA yielded negative anti-PA LFIAs. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% using ELISA-measured anti-PA IgG as the standard. This kit has utility in determining anti-PA antibody reactivity in the sera of individuals vaccinated with AVA or individuals with clinical anthrax.
Proteoglycans and lipoproteins in atherosclerosis (1993)

Pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans of the arterial intima interact with basic sequences of matrix proteins, lipoproteins, cytokines and enzymes. These associations appear to control the transit and function of the macromolecules in the intima. Alterations in these processes can cause focal deposition in the intima of modified apolipoprotein B-lipoproteins. Products of modified LDL appear to be atherogenic. In addition, imbalance in the function of cytokines that also interact with proteoglycans may contribute to the proliferative phase of atherogenesis and to the accumulation of foam cells.
Interfacial Tension of a Decomposed Biopolymer Mixture (2002)

Many biological systems as well as food products contain both proteins and polysaccharides, which are often thermodynamically incompatible. In this communication, measurements are presented of the interfacial tension in a segregated polysaccharide/protein mixture. The interfacial tension is an important quantity in determining the phase separation kinetics and the response to shear. As the protein/polysaccharide system, an aqueous gelatin/dextran mixture in 1.0 M sodium iodide was chosen to suppress gelation and achieve a low density difference between the coexisting phases. First, the phase threshold was determined by making dilution lines. From the relative volumes of the coexisting phases, the location of the critical point was estimated. Interfacial tensions of phase-separated mixtures, varying in distance from the critical point, were measured using the spinning drop method. The interfacial tension close to the critical point was less than 1 μN/m, and it increased, in a nonlinear fashion, to a value of up to 20 μN/m farther from the critical point. For the scaling relation of the interfacial tension with the density difference and the polymer concentration difference, we found scaling exponents of 2.7 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.1, respectively, which are in agreement with the critical mean-field scaling exponents of 3 and 3/2, respectively.
Principal component analysis (2010)

Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate technique that analyzes a data table in which observations are described by several inter‐correlated quantitative dependent variables. Its goal is to extract the important information from the table, to represent it as a set of new orthogonal variables called principal components, and to display the pattern of similarity of the observations and of the variables as points in maps. The quality of the PCA model can be evaluated using cross‐validation techniques such as the bootstrap and the jackknife. PCA can be generalized as correspondence analysis (CA) in order to handle qualitative variables and as multiple factor analysis (MFA) in order to handle heterogeneous sets of variables. Mathematically, PCA depends upon the eigen‐decomposition of positive semi‐definite matrices and upon the singular value decomposition (SVD) of rectangular matrices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis &gt; Multivariate Analysis Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis &gt; Dimension Reduction
Rapid Gel Formation and Adhesion in Photocurable and Biodegradable Block Copolymers with High DOPA Content (2006)

Marine mussels anchor to a variety of surfaces in turbulent intertidal zones through the use of adhesive plaques formed from hardened mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs). It is believed that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) imparts both water-resistant adhesive characteristics and rapid curing ability to MAPs. In this paper, DOPA-modified triblock copolymers were synthesized and used to form adhesive hydrogels. Amphiphilic block copolymers with DOPA content as high as 10 wt % were prepared, and aqueous solutions of the polymers rapidly (<1 min) formed hydrogels by photopolymerization of methacrylate end groups attached to the hydrophobic segments. Contact mechanics adhesion tests were performed on the photocured hydrogels, and it was shown that incorporating DOPA into the polymer structure significantly enhanced work of adhesion to titanium surfaces submerged in an aqueous medium. Work of adhesion values as high as 410 mJ/m2 were recorded for polymers containing 10 wt % DOPA, although the introduction of Lys in the form of a DOPA−Lys copolypeptide reduced the work of adhesion. Oxidation of DOPA was shown to reduce work of adhesion to Ti, confirming earlier studies suggesting that the catecholic form of DOPA is largely responsible for adhesion to metal oxide surfaces. The DOPA-containing block copolymers described in this study are candidates for use as adhesive biomaterials for medical applications.
Using genetically engineered mice to understand apolipoprotein-B deficiency syndromes in humans. (1999)

Several human diseases are characterized by defects in the synthesis and secretion of the apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is caused by mutations in the apo-B gene and is characterized by abnormally low plasma concentrations of apo-B and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Another apo-B deficiency syndrome, abetalipoproteinemia, is caused by mutations in the gene for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). MTP is a microsomal protein that is thought to transfer lipids to the apo-B protein as it is translated, allowing it to attain the proper conformation for lipoprotein assembly. A third apo-B deficiency syndrome, Anderson's disease (or chylomicron retention disease), is characterized by the inability to secrete apo-B-containing chylomicrons from the intestine but an apparently normal capacity to secrete lipoproteins from the liver. To more fully understand these human apo-B deficiency syndromes, our laboratory has generated and characterized gene-targeted mouse models. This review summarizes what has been learned from these animal models.
Interstitial pressure gradients in tissue-isolated and subcutaneous tumors: implications for therapy. (1990)

High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in solid tumors is associated with reduced blood flow as well as inadequate delivery of therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies. In the present study, IFP was measured as a function of radial position within two rat tissue-isolated tumors (mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC, 0.4-1.9 g, n = 9, and Walker 256 carcinoma, 0.5-5.0 g, n = 6) and a s.c. tumor (mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC, 0.6-20.0 g, n = 7). Micropipettes (tip diameters 2 to 4 microns) connected to a servo-null pressure-monitoring system were introduced to depths of 2.5 to 3.5 mm from the tumor surface and IFP was measured while the micropipettes were retrieved to the surface. The majority (86%) of the pressure profiles demonstrated a large gradient in the periphery leading to a plateau of almost uniform pressure in the deeper layers of the tumors. Within isolated tumors, pressures reached plateau values at a distance of 0.2 to 1.1 mm from the surface. In s.c. tumors the sharp increase began in skin and levelled off at the skin-tumor interface. These results demonstrate for the first time that the IFP is elevated throughout the tumor and drops precipitously to normal values in the tumor's periphery or in the immediately surrounding tissue. These results confirm the predictions of our recently published mathematical model of interstitial fluid transport in tumors (Jain and Baxter, Cancer Res., 48: 7022-7032, 1988), offer novel insight into the etiology of interstitial hypertension, and suggest possible strategies for improved delivery of therapeutic agents.
Vampire Bat Plasminogen Activator DSPA-Alpha-1 (Desmoteplase): A Thrombolytic Drug Optimized by Natural Selection (2001)

Plasminogen activators are enzymes found in all vertebrate species investigated so far. Their physiological function is the generation of localized proteolysis in the context of tissue remodeling, wound healing and neuronal plasticity. The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) is a New World species that feeds exclusively on blood. Its saliva contains highly potent plasminogen activators, specialized in rapid lysis of fresh blood clots. Biochemical and pharmacological evidence indicates that these plasminogen activators represent a new class of thrombolytics with pharmacological and toxicological properties superior to human tissue-type plasminogen activator, the clot dissolving agent now most frequently used in medicine. A form of the enzyme produced by recombinant DNA technology is currently employed to test this hypothesis in clinical studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Potent and Selective Cell-Permeable p300 Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor (2005)

This paper describes the first potent and selective p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor which is effective in live cells. This compound 7 is a coenzyme A analogue conjugated to a cell permeabilizing oligoArg peptide via disulfide linkage. This compound was shown to block cellular histone acetylation and transcription using a p300-sensitive reporter. It should thus be broadly useful for dissecting the role of p300 HAT activity in physiologic and disease states.
Doping studies using thermal beams in chemical-beam epitaxy (1986)

The use of chemical-beam expitaxy instead of chemical vapor deposition allows the incorporation of thermal atomic beams for doping. Dopant profile measurements by a differential capacitance-voltage technique and secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique show that there is no surface segregation with Si dopants in InP at all growth temperatures (&amp;lt;600 °C). On the other hand, Sn and to a lesser extent Be show surface segregation which can be reduced by growing the InP at a lower temperature (&amp;lt;550 °C). From this study, it is seen that Si should be preferred as the n-type dopant in producing InP/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors.
A New Common Bacterial Blight Resistance QTL in VAX 1 Common Bean and Interaction of the New QTL, SAP6, and SU91 with Bacterial Strains (2014)

ABSTRACT Common bacterial blight (CBB) is a severe disease in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). New resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) should facilitate development of cultivars with high levels of resistance. Our objectives were to (i) identify new resistance QTL in VAX 1 and verify its presence in VAX 3, (ii) determine the interaction between QTL with existing SAP6 and SU91 QTL, and (iii) examine the interaction between QTL with less aggressive ARX8AC and aggressive Xcp25 bacterial strains. Sixty‐one F 6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from ‘Othello’/VAX 1 and 100 RIL from Othello/VAX 3 were screened in the greenhouse. Disease severity of inoculated primary leaves, first and second trifoliolate leaves, and pods, was scored from 1 = no symptoms to 9 = completely diseased. Genotyping was performed using 5398 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BeadChip and CBB resistance QTL‐linked sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, SAP6 and SU91. A novel resistance QTL with major effect was detected on Pv11 linkage group in Othello/VAX 1 and verified in Othello/VAX 3. This Pv11 QTL, defined by the closest marker SNP47467 (45,059,806 bp), explained 23% of the phenotypic variance for resistance in primary and 18% in trifoliolate leaves in Othello/VAX 1, and 13% and 22%, respectively, in Othello/VAX 3 to ARX8AC. The Pv11 QTL, named Xa11.4 OV1,OV3 , had greater influence against Xcp25, with respective values for variance for resistance explained in primary and trifoliolate leaves of 45% and 51% in Othello/VAX 1 and 26% and 37% in Othello/VAX 3. Conversely, SAP6 was only effective against ARX8AC in both populations, and surprisingly, SU91 was only effective against Xcp25 in Othello/VAX 3. SAP6 was the only QTL to condition resistance in pods. QTL interactions and differential reactions to strains indicate that the new Xa11.4 OV1,OV3 QTL is critical in breeding for stable and higher levels of foliage resistance to CBB in common bean.
Highly Potent Cyclic Disulfide Antagonists of Somatostatin (1999)

The search for synthetic analogues of somatostatin (SRIF) which exhibit selective affinities for the five known receptor subtypes (sst1-5) has generated a large number of potent agonist analogues. Many of these agonists display good subtype selectivities and affinities for the subtypes 2, 3, and 5, with very few selective for sst1 or sst4. Until the recent report by Bass and co-workers (Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 709-715; erratum Mol. Pharmacol. 1997, 51, 170), no true antagonists of somatostatin had been discovered, let alone any displaying differential receptor subtype selectivity. In this present study, we further explore the effect of this putative L,5D6 antagonist motif on somatostatin octapeptide analogues with a cyclic hexapeptide core. The most potent antagonist found to date is H-Cpa-cyclo[DCys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys]-Nal-NH2, PRL-2970 (21), which has an IC50 of 1.1 nM in a rat pituitary growth hormone in vitro antagonist assay versus SRIF (1 nM). This analogue bound to cloned human somatostatin subtype 2 receptors with a Ki of 26 nM. The highest hsst2 affinity analogue was H-Cpa-cyclo[DCys-Pal-DTrp-Lys-Tle-Cys]-Nal-NH2, PRL-2915 (15), with a Ki of 12 nM (IC50 = 1.8 nM). This analogue was also selective for hsst2 over hsst3 and hsst5 by factors of 8 and 40, respectively, and had no agonist activity when tested alone at concentrations up to 10 microM. Regression analysis of the binding affinities versus the observed antagonist potencies revealed high correlations for hsst2 (r = 0.65) and hsst3 (r = 0.52) with a less significant correlation to hsst5 (r = 0.40). This is quite different from the somatostatin agonist analogues which show a highly significant correlation to hsst2 (r > 0.9). Receptor-selective somatostatin antagonists should provide valuable tools for characterizing the many important physiological functions of this neuropeptide.