gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Function Estimation Approach to Sequential Learning with Neural Networks (1993)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimal sequential learning, viewed as a problem of estimating an underlying function sequentially rather than estimating a set of parameters of the neural network. First, we arrive at a suboptimal solution to the sequential estimate that can be mapped by a growing gaussian radial basis function (GaRBF) network. This network adds hidden units for each observation. The function space approach in which the estimates are represented as vectors in a function space is used in developing a growth criterion to limit its growth. A simplification of the criterion leads to two joint criteria on the distance of the present pattern and the existing unit centers in the input space and on the approximation error of the network for the given observation to be satisfied together. This network is similar to the resource allocating network (RAN) (Platt 1991a) and hence RAN can be interpreted from a function space approach to sequential learning. Second, we present an enhancement to the RAN. The RAN either allocates a new unit based on the novelty of an observation or adapts the network parameters by the LMS algorithm. The function space interpretation of the RAN lends itself to an enhancement of the RAN in which the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is used in place of the LMS algorithm. The performance of the RAN and the enhanced network are compared in the experimental tasks of function approximation and time-series prediction demonstrating the superior performance of the enhanced network with fewer number of hidden units. The approach adopted here has led us toward the minimal network required for a sequential learning problem.
Rayleigh type behavior of the Young's modulus of unpoled ferroelectric ceramics and its dependence on temperature (2003)

The dependence on stress of the low frequency Young's modulus and mechanical losses of unpoled ferroelectric ceramics has been studied as a function of temperature. The Young's modulus of unpoled Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) showed a Rayleigh type dependence, analogous to the one already described for the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient. This has been associated to ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain wall movements across, and their pinning/depinning on, randomly distributed defects. The Rayleigh coefficient was found to increase with temperature. The activation energy of the Rayleigh process was obtained, which must be related to the pinning energy. The Young's modulus of Mn doped 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 showed no stress dependence.
Prospective Study of Tardive Dyskinesia in the Elderly: Rates and Risk Factors (1998)

Tardive dyskinesia rates for patients beginning treatment with conventional antipsychotics in their fifth decade or later are three to five times what has been found for younger patients, despite treatment with lower doses. Alternative treatments need to be investigated.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Pumpkin Short-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Oxidase with Structural Similarity to Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenases (2000)

A novel pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) short-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase (ACOX) was purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic-interaction, hydroxyapatite, affinity, and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme is a tetrameric protein, consisting of apparently identical 47-kD subunits. The protein structure of this oxidase differs from other plant and mammalian ACOXs, but is similar to the protein structure of mammalian mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) and the recently identified plant mitochondrial ACDH. Subcellular organelle separation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed that the enzyme is localized in glyoxysomes, whereas no immunoreactive bands of similar molecular weight were detected in mitochondrial fractions. The enzyme selectively catalyzes the oxidation of CoA esters of fatty acids with 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and exhibits the highest activity on C-6 fatty acids. Apparently, the enzyme has no activity on CoA esters of branched-chain or dicarboxylic fatty acids. The enzyme is slightly inhibited by high concentrations of substrate and it is not inhibited by Triton X-100 at concentrations up to 0.5% (v/v). The characteristics of this novel ACOX enzyme are discussed in relation to other ACOXs and ACDHs.
Questioning the Evidence for Genetic Recombination in the 1918 "Spanish Flu" Virus (2002)

Influenza viral sequences have been obtained from preserved tissues of victims of the “Spanish flu” pandemic that killed over 20 million people from 1918 to 1919 (1, 2). Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences has indicated that the 1918 Spanish flu virus was more closely related to the human lineage than to the swine or avian influenza lineages of the H1N1 subtype (2). In a recent reanalysis of the 1918 HA gene, however, Gibbs et al. (3) proposed that recombination had occurred such that the majority of the globular domain (HA1) in the Spanish flu virus was acquired from the swine lineage, but its stalk region (HA2) was derived from the human lineage. Gibbs et al. also speculated that this intragenic recombination resulted in the increased virulence associated with the Spanish flu pandemic. We find no evidence for recombination in the 1918 HA gene, however. Rather, the apparent recombination described in (3) results from a difference in the rate of evolution between HA1 and HA2—a difference present only in human influenza A viruses.
Survey of antimalarial use in lupus pregnancy and lactation. (2002)

The majority of lupus experts continue AM during pregnancy. This was particularly true for those who treated a larger number of pregnant lupus patients per year. The majority advise breast-feeding and continue AM postpartum. These practices are supported by the limited literature available.
Interleukin-1 beta induces interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor binding protein in humans. (1993)

Sustained release or high levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as observed after endotoxin challenge, can produce a variety of toxicities. Naturally occurring inhibitors to IL-1 and TNF, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and soluble TNF receptor forms, have been detected. These proteins may function to buffer or limit the effects of these cytokines as part of a regulatory network. As part of a clinical trial of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta), serial plasma samples were obtained from 6 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with 30-min infusions of rhIL-1 beta for 5 consecutive days. The presence of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble TNF binding proteins (TNF-R55-BP and TNF-R75-BP) were assessed. A maximum 86-fold increase for IL-1ra, a 7-8-fold increase for TNF-R55-BP, and a 2-3-fold increase for TNF-R75-BP were seen 2-4 h, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively, after rhIL-1 beta infusion. On each day of the treatment, the secretion of IL-1ra and release of TNF-R55-BP was observed, but there was no accumulation above baseline value for IL-1ra before each of the 5 daily infusions. Although there was a steady decrease of the 6-h postinfusion plasma levels for IL-1ra and TNF-R55-BP over the 5 treatment days, no increase of clinical side effects was noted. Two patients had measurable levels of TNF-alpha, but no correlation to TNF-binding proteins was observed. Our data show that early after rhIL-1 beta infusion the induction of IL-1ra secretion, as well as TNF-binding protein release, is observed.
Identification of three novel members of the calcium‐dependent chloride channel (CaCC) family predominantly expressed in the digestive tract and trachea1 (1999)

Three novel human sequences showing striking homology to the recently described bovine Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II-dependent epithelial chloride channel bCaCC have been identified in an expressed sequence tags database. Full-length clones were isolated using a 5' RACE approach. The encoded predicted proteins display 65% overall homology to bCaCC. Tissue expression patterns of the corresponding genes, designated as hCaCC-1, -2 and -3, appear to be highly restricted, with the first two genes primarily expressed in the digestive tract. Another original feature as compared to the CaCC family members is the fact that hCaCC-2 also shows expression in the brain. Taken together these findings demonstrate the existence of several CaCC-like genes in humans, some of which display distinct tissue specificity patterns within the CaCC subfamily of chloride channels.
Sulfur-Containing Barbiturate Hypnotics (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur-Containing Barbiturate HypnoticsD. L. Tabern and E. H. VolwilerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 10, 1961–1963Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01313a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01313a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As MSM photodiodes with transparent CTO Schottky contacts and digital superlattice grading (1997)

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes with an In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As active region were investigated using a transparent cadmium tin oxide (CTO) layer for the interdigitated electrodes to improve the low responsivity of conventional MSM photodiodes with opaque electrodes. CTO is suitable as a Schottky contact, an optical window and an anti-reflection (AR) coating. The transparent contact prevents shadowing of the active layer by the top electrode, thus allowing greater collection of incident light. Responsivity of CTO-based MSM photodiodes with 1-/spl mu/m finger widths and 2-/spl mu/m finger spacings and without an AR coating between the electrodes was twice (0.62 A/W) that of a similar MSM photodiodes with Ti/Au electrodes (0.30 A/W). A thin 800 /spl Aring/ In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As layer was inserted below the electrodes to elevate the electrode Schottky barrier height. A digitally graded superlattice region (660 A) was also employed to reduce carrier trapping at the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As heterointerface which acts to degrade photodiode bandwidth. Bandwidth of opaque electrode MSMs was elevated nearly an order of magnitude over a previous MSM photodiode design with an abrupt heterointerface, whereas the bandwidth of transparent electrode MSM's only improved about five times, indicating resistive effects may be intervening.
Extensive parallelism in protein evolution (2007)

High, but below-neutral, rates of parallel amino acid replacements suggest that a majority of amino acid replacements that occur in evolution are subject to weak, but non-trivial, selection, as predicted by Ohta's nearly-neutral theory.
Uncovering social network sybils in the wild (2011)

Sybil accounts are fake identities created to unfairly increase the power or resources of a single user. Researchers have long known about the existence of Sybil accounts in online communities such as file-sharing systems, but have not been able to perform large scale measurements to detect them or measure their activities. In this paper, we describe our efforts to detect, characterize and understand Sybil account activity in the Renren online social network (OSN). We use ground truth provided by Renren Inc. to build measurement based Sybil account detectors, and deploy them on Renren to detect over 100,000 Sybil accounts. We study these Sybil accounts, as well as an additional 560,000 Sybil accounts caught by Renren, and analyze their link creation behavior. Most interestingly, we find that contrary to prior conjecture, Sybil accounts in OSNs do not form tight-knit communities. Instead, they integrate into the social graph just like normal users. Using link creation timestamps, we verify that the large majority of links between Sybil accounts are created accidentally, unbeknownst to the attacker. Overall, only a very small portion of Sybil accounts are connected to other Sybils with social links. Our study shows that existing Sybil defenses are unlikely to succeed in today's OSNs, and we must design new techniques to effectively detect and defend against Sybil attacks.
Quantification of Colorectal Cancer Micrometastases in Lymph Nodes by Nested and Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis for Carcinoembryonic Antigen (2004)

These data suggest that quantification of CEA levels in lymph nodes may more accurately identify patients at risk for cancer recurrence than does routine nested RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry.
Gatekeeper: Monitoring Auto-Start Extensibility Points (ASEPs) for Spyware Management (2004)

Spyware is a rapidly spreading problem for PC users causing significant impact on system stability and privacy concerns. It attaches to extensibility points in the system to ensure the spyware will be instantiated when the system starts. Users may willingly install free versions of software containing spyware as an alternative to paying for it. Traditional anti-virus techniques are less effective in this scenario because they lack the context to decide if the spyware should be removed. In this paper, we introduce Auto-Start Extensibility Points (ASEPs) as the key concept for modeling the spyware problem. By monitoring and grouping ‘‘hooking’ ’ operations made to the ASEPs, our Gatekeeper solution complements the traditional signature-based approach and provides a comprehensive framework for spyware management. We present ASEP hooking statistics for 120 real-world spyware programs. We also describe several techniques for discovering new ASEPs to further enhance the effectiveness of our solution.
Automated rodent in situ muscle contraction assay and myofiber organization analysis in sarcopenia animal models (2012)

Age-related sarcopenia results in frailty and decreased mobility, which are associated with increased falls and long-term disability in the elderly. Given the global increase in lifespan, sarcopenia is a growing, unmet medical need. This report aims to systematically characterize muscle aging in preclinical models, which may facilitate the development of sarcopenia therapies. Naïve rats and mice were subjected to noninvasive micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, terminal in situ muscle function characterizations, and ATPase-based myofiber analysis. We developed a Definiens (Parsippany, NJ)-based algorithm to automate micro-CT image analysis, which facilitates longitudinal in vivo muscle mass analysis. We report development and characterization of translational in situ skeletal muscle performance assay systems in rat and mouse. The systems incorporate a custom-designed animal assay stage, resulting in enhanced force measurement precision, and LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX)-based algorithms to support automated data acquisition and data analysis. We used ATPase-staining techniques for myofibers to characterize fiber subtypes and distribution. Major parameters contributing to muscle performance were identified using data mining and integration, enabled by Labmatrix (BioFortis, Columbia, MD). These technologies enabled the systemic and accurate monitoring of muscle aging from a large number of animals. The data indicated that longitudinal muscle cross-sectional area measurement effectively monitors change of muscle mass and function during aging. Furthermore, the data showed that muscle performance during aging is also modulated by myofiber remodeling factors, such as changes in myofiber distribution patterns and changes in fiber shape, which affect myofiber interaction. This in vivo muscle assay platform has been applied to support identification and validation of novel targets for the treatment of sarcopenia.
THE USE OF RECURSIVE MEDIAN FILTERS FOR ESTABLISHING THE TONAL CONTEXT IN MUSIC (1998)

The recursive median filter is used to improve the structure of the output of the key finding algorithm for establishing tonal contexts of musical patterns in a musical composition. This is subsequently incorporated into a system for recognition of musical patterns. Krumhansl&amp;apos;s key-finding algorithm is used as a basis. The sequence of maximum correlations that it outputs is smoothed with a cubic spline and is used to determine weights for perceptual and absolute pitch errors. Maximum correlations are used to create the assigned key sequence, which is processed by a recursive median filter. In most cases, the recursive median filter establishes the key more accurately than the standard median filter. Additionally, since the recursive median is idempotent, the key-finding output is guaranteed to be a root signal. INTRODUCTION Musical Pattern Recognition (MPR) is concerned with recognition or classification of musical patterns. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the MPR system. It produc...
Collagens in the progression and complications of atherosclerosis (2009)

Collagens constitute a major portion of the extracellular matrix in the atherosclerotic plaque, where they contribute to the strength and integrity of the fibrous cap, and also modulate cellular responses via specific receptors and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the diverse roles that collagens play in atherosclerosis; regulating the infiltration and differentiation of smooth muscle cells and macrophages; controlling matrix remodeling through feedback signaling to proteinases; and influencing the development of atherosclerotic complications such as plaque rupture, aneurysm formation and calcification. Expanding our understanding of the pathways involved in cell-matrix interactions will provide new therapeutic targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
5'-Azido-.DELTA.8-THC: a novel photoaffinity label for the cannabinoid receptor (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5'-Azido-.DELTA.8-THC: a novel photoaffinity label for the cannabinoid receptorAvgui Charalambous, Guo Yan, Devin B. Houston, Allyn C. Howlett, David R. Compton, Billy R. Martin, and Alexandros MakriyannisCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 16, 3076–3079Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00094a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (569 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Crowning Achievement: Getting to the Root of the Problem (2005)

An ideal goal of oral-craniofacial dental reconstructive therapy is to establish treatment modalities that predictably restore functional tissues. One major area of focus has been in the area of dental materials with marked improvements in the design of materials used to restore teeth/periodontium/bone lost as a consequence of disease or disorders. With advances in understanding the cell and molecular controls for development and regeneration of tooth structures, it is now possible to consider therapies that promote regeneration of lost tissues, along with replacement of these tissues. This review presents a background on our current knowledge as to the composition of the tooth/periodontium followed by a discussion on successes to date, both in vitro and in vivo, toward regenerating a whole tooth and next steps required to regenerate a functional tooth.
Multiband phased-array antenna with interleaved tapered-elements and waveguide radiators (2002)

Multiband, multibeam, phased array antennas are required for today's multi-function radar and communication applications. These types of antennas play a major role in the shipboard and airborne environment, where space is limited. A single antenna is now asked to perform multiple functions, including long-range surveillance, navigation, weapons control, tracking and recognition, and electronic warfare support measures. A phased array antenna capable of covering several different frequency bands in a common aperture is highly desirable, and is currently being pursued for many of these applications. A number of multiband radar antenna configurations have been proposed in the past. An ultra-wideband phased array antenna design using interleaved waveguide elements and wideband tapered elements is presented. This phased array antenna can operate over at least three frequency bands. Numerical results of the aperture match for both types of radiators, including mutual interaction, are presented.
Cold atom source for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics (1996)

Summary form only given. We have developed a magneto-optical trap that accumulates and captures rubidium atoms from the residual gas in a glass cell. The rubidium metal can come from a getter dispenser or from the vapor pressure of an ampoule. We are implementing a cold atom source for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics. This source of atoms can be operated in a cycle of capture, cooling, and ejection with a high repetition rate. This source will permit investigations of cavity quantum electrodynamics in the optical regime.