gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular proliferation and angiogenic factors in psoriasis (1995)

Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of the epidermis, inflammatory cell accumulation and increased tortuosity and dilatation of dermal papillary blood vessels. Research into the pathogenesis of psoriasis has concentrated mainly on the interplay between inflammatory cells and epidermal proliferation. Central to the proposed pathogenetic pathway are cytokines produced by activated keratinocytes, which are thought to induce both keratinocyte proliferation and lymphocyte migration. Cytokines also mediate upregulation of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelium which in turn permits lymphocyte recruitment. The close spatial relationship between altered microvasculature and epidermis is clearly important in psoriasis. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying vascular changes is fundamental to an elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms in psoriasis.
Sequences 5' to the polyadenylation signal mediate differential poly(A) site use in hepatitis B viruses. (1990)

Most genetic elements that employ reverse transcription generate a terminally redundant genomic RNA that serves as the template for this reaction. Because the identical polyadenylation signal is present in each terminally redundant segment, synthesis of this RNA requires that this signal be ignored on the first pass of the transcription machinery, then recognized and used on the second pass. We have studied the mechanism of this differential poly(A) site use in one family of retroid elements, the hepatitis B viruses (hepadnaviruses). Our results indicate that two features are involved: the presence of a variant poly(A) signal (TATAAA) and the participation of multiple sequences 5' to this signal that act to increase the efficiency of its use. Deletion of these upstream elements abolishes proper poly(A) site use, despite the presence of the poly(A) signal and downstream GT- and T-rich motifs known to be required for polyadenylation. Sequences from the corresponding regions of retroviral genomes can restore proper processing to these hepadnaviral deletion mutants. Thus, functionally analogous upstream elements exist in other classes of retroid elements, including those employing the canonical AATAAA hexanucleotide signal.
Open Domain Speech Translation: From Seminars and Speeches to Lectures (2006)

This paper describes our ongoing work in open domain speech translation. We describe how we developed a lecture translation system by moving from speech translation of European Parliament Plenary Sessions and seminar talks to the open domain of lectures. We started with our speech recognition and statistical machine translation 2006 evaluation systems developed within the framework of TC-Star (Technology and Corpora for Speech to Speech Translation) and CHIL (Computers in the Human Interaction Loop). The paper presents the speech translation performance of these systems on lectures and gives an overview of our final real-time lecture translation system.
Emotional speech characterization based on multi-features fusion for face-to-face interaction (2009)

Speech contains non verbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. The study of nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-face interaction since that the behaviors of communicators play a major role during social interaction and carry information between the different speakers. In this paper, we describe a computational framework for combining different features for emotional speech detection. The statistical fusion is based on the estimation of local a posteriori class probabilities and the overall decision employs weighting factors directly related to the duration of the individual speech segments. This strategy is applied to a real-life application: detection of motherese in authentic and longitudinal parent-infant interaction at home. The results suggest that short- and long-term information provide a robust and efficient time-scale analysis. A similar fusion methodology is also investigated by the use of a phonetic-specific characterization process. This strategy is motivated by the fact that there are variations across emotional states at the phoneme level. A time-scale based on both vowels and consonants is proposed and it provides a relevant discriminant feature space for acted emotion recognition.
A replicated Unix file system (extended abstract) (1991)

The Programming Methodology group at the Laboratory for Computer Science at M.I.T. is working on an implementation of a replicated Unix file system for use via the NFS protocol Our replication method is intended to support the following goals:
Flux balance analysis in the era of metabolomics (2006)

Flux balance analysis (FBA) has emerged as an effective means to analyse biological networks in a quantitative manner. Much progress has been made on the extension of FBA to incorporate a priori biological knowledge, provide more practical descriptions of observed cell behaviours, and predict the outcome of network perturbations. Metabolomics is independently advancing as a set of high-throughput data acquisition tools providing dynamic profiles of metabolites in an unbiased manner. These data sets are neither yet sufficiently comprehensive nor accurate enough for generating large-scale kinetic models. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop quantitative techniques that can make use of the emerging data and embrace the associated uncertainties. This article reviews recent advances in FBA to meet this need and discusses the utility of FBA as a complement to metabolomics and the expected synergy as a result of combining these two techniques.
Towards a Better Understanding of Gold Electroless Deposition in Track-Etched Templates (2007)

The template method for preparing nanomaterials entails synthesis of tubular or fibrillar nanostructures within the pores of a microporous membrane. If the holes are completely filled, solid nanowires result, while a partial filling with a continuous coating gives rise to nanotubes. This paper focused on the study of the parameters controlling electroless gold deposition in track-etched polycarbonate membranes. The structure and morphology of the obtained nanomaterials are examined and compared by a variety of electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy and examined in relation to electrochemical and spectrophotometric results. As far as nanotubes are concerned, problems with obtaining such a nanostructure are observed, in particular when membranes with pore diameters equal to or smaller than 30 nm are used. In the case of nanowires, defects related to fabrication problems are evidenced when they are used to prepare nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs), because defects dramatically influence their voltammetric behavior. The role of deposition time and pH on gold nucleation and growth is studied in detail. We demonstrate that these parameters indeed determine the formation of nanowires versus nanotubes. In all cases the deposit is started by the formation of gold nuclei on the walls of the previously activated membrane. Then the nuclei grow, until they are bound together to produce the final nanomaterial. A significantly better control of the deposition is achieved by separating the nuclei formation step from the growth process. At pH 10 the nuclei growth is more regular but slower, whereas at pH 12 the process is faster but their size distribution is wider. At pH 10 the formation of nanotubes is better controlled, whereas at pH 12 continuous nanofibers are more quickly formed.
Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane (1989)

An essential feature of mammary gland differentiation during pregnancy is the formation of alveoli composed of polarized epithelial cells, which, under the influence of lactogenic hormones, secrete vectorially and sequester milk proteins. Previous culture studies have described either organization of cells polarized towards lumina containing little or no demonstrable tissue-specific protein, or establishment of functional secretory cells exhibiting little or no glandular architecture. In this paper, we report that tissue-specific vectorial secretion coincides with the formation of functional alveoli-like structures by primary mammary epithelial cells cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane matrix (derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine tumour). Morphogenesis of these unique three-dimensional structures was initiated by cell-directed remodelling of the exogenous matrix leading to reorganization of cells into matrix-ensheathed aggregates by 24 h after plating. The aggregates subsequently cavitated, so that by day 6 the cells were organized into hollow spheres in which apical cell surfaces faced lumina sealed by tight junctions and basal surfaces were surrounded by a distinct basal lamina. The profiles of proteins secreted into the apical (luminal) and basal (medium) compartments indicated that these alveoli-like structures were capable of an appreciable amount of vectorial secretion. Immunoprecipitation with a broad spectrum milk antiserum showed that more than 80% of caseins were secreted into the lumina, whereas iron-binding proteins (both lactoferrin and transferrin) were present in comparable amounts in each compartment. Thus, these mammary cells established protein targeting pathways directing milk-specific proteins to the luminal compartment. A time course monitoring secretory activity demonstrated that establishment of tissue-specific vectorial secretion and increased total and milk protein secretion coincided with functional alveolar-like multicellular architecture. This culture system is unique among models of epithelial cell polarity in that it demonstrates several aspects of epithelial cell polarization: vectorial secretion, apical junctions, a sequestered compartment and formation of a basal lamina. These lumina-containing structures therefore reproduce the dual role of mammary epithelia to secrete vectorially and to sequester milk proteins. Thus, in addition to maintaining tissue-specific cytodifferentiation and function, a basement membrane promotes the expression of tissue-like morphogenesis.
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (1999)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. An elevated rate of basal hepatic glucose production in the presence of hyperinsulinemia is the primary cause of fasting hyperglycemia; after a meal, impaired suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin and decreased insulin-mediated glucose uptake by muscle contribute almost equally to postprandial hyperglycemia. In the United States, five classes of oral agents, each of which works through a different mechanism of action, are currently available to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The recently completed United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder that can be treated initially with oral agent monotherapy but will eventually require the addition of other oral agents, and that in many patients, insulin therapy will be needed to achieve targeted glycemic levels. In the UKPDS, improved glycemic control, irrespective of the agent used (sulfonylureas, metformin, or insulin), decreased the incidence of microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy). This review examines the goals of antihyperglycemic therapy and reviews the mechanism of action, efficacy, nonglycemic benefits, cost, and safety profile of each of the five approved classes of oral agents. A rationale for the use of these oral agents as monotherapy, in combination with each other, and in combination with insulin is provided.
Hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) relates to poor vascularization and resistance of squamous cell head and neck cancer to chemoradiotherapy. (2001)

Stratification of patients undergoing radical radiotherapy using the CA9/MVD model may be useful for the individualization of therapeutic strategies combining antiangiogenesis and hypoxia targeting with radiotherapy.
TGF-β1–Containing Exosomes from Injured Epithelial Cells Activate Fibroblasts to Initiate Tissue Regenerative Responses and Fibrosis (2012)

Hypoxia is associated with tissue injury and fibrosis but its functional role in fibroblast activation and tissue repair/regeneration is unknown. Using kidney injury as a model system, we demonstrate that injured epithelial cells produce an increased number of exosomes with defined genetic information to activate fibroblasts. Exosomes released by injured epithelial cells promote proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin expression, F-actin expression, and type I collagen production in fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation is dependent on exosomes delivering TGF-β1 mRNA among other yet to be identified moieties. This study suggests that TGF-β1 mRNA transported by exosomes constitutes a rapid response to initiate tissue repair/regenerative responses and activation of fibroblasts when resident parenchyma is injured. The results also inform potential utility of exosome-targeted therapies to control tissue fibrosis.
Suppression of ongoing ocular inflammatory disease by topical administration of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 (1997)

Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus leads to an inflammatory lesion in the cornea orchestrated by CD4+ Th1 lymphocytes. This immunopathologic disease, called herpetic stromal keratitis, is an important cause of impaired vision. In this study, we set out to determine whether established lesions of herpetic stromal keratitis could be controlled by topically administering naked plasmid DNA encoding cytokines to the corneal surface. A single topical administration of DNA encoding IL-10 was beneficial to the majority (75%) of treated animals, and 50% (vs 10% in controls) resolved their lesions completely over a 23-day observation period. Topical ocular application of DNA encoding foreign proteins was also shown to be an effective means of inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses. The direct application of DNA encoding cytokines may represent an additional therapeutic option for the management of immunoinflammatory disease.
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for the Identification of Services (2010)

This document describes private extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) that enable a network of trusted SIP servers to assert the service of authenticated users.The use of these extensions is only applicable inside an administrative domain with previously agreed-upon policies for generation, transport, and usage of such information.This document does NOT offer a general service identification model suitable for use between different trust domains or for use in the Internet at large.The document also defines a URN to identify both services and User Agent (UA) applications.This URN can be used within the SIP header fields defined in this document to identify services, and also within the framework defined for caller preferences and callee capabilities to identify usage of both services and applications between end UAs.
Ofuji’s Disease and Cytokines: Remission of Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis Associated with Increased Serum Concentrations of Interferon Gamma (1996)

These results suggest that subtle changes in serum levels of cytokines are involved in the remission of EPF and that indomethacin may provide the remission of EPF by altering cytokine production in patients with EPF.
New Oral Dosage Form for Elderly Patients. III. Stability of Trichlormethiazide in Silk Fibroin Gel and Various Sugar Solutions (2000)

The hydrolysis of trichlormethiazide (TCM) in silk fibroin gel (SFG) prepared in various sugar solutions (such as ribose, fructose, mannose, and glucose solutions) was determined. The hydrolysis rate of TCM differed with the variety of sugars utilized in this study; that is, it decreased in the following order: ribose > fructose > mannose > glucose. To investigate the relationship between the hydrolysis rate of TCM and the physicochemical properties of the sugar molecule, the amount of unfrozen water of sugar molecules was calculated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amount of unfrozen water increased with an increase in the number of the equatorial OH groups n(e-OH) per sugar molecule that are able to hydrate favorably to the surrounding water molecules. The hydrolysis rate constant decreased with increase in n(e-OH); glucose, having a large n(e-OH) in this study could effectively stabilize TCM.
Extraction and anonymity protocol of medical file. (1996)

To carry out the epidemiological study of patients suffering from a given cancer, the Department of Medical Informatics (DIM) has to link information coming from different hospitals and medical laboratories in the Burgundy region. Demands from the French department for computerized information security (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés: CNIL), in regard to abiding by the law of January 6, 1978, completed by the law of July 1st, 1994 on nominal data processing in the framework of medical research have to be taken into account. Notably, the CNIL advised to render anonymous patient identities before the extraction of each establishment file. This paper describes a recently implemented protocol, registered with the French department for computerized information security (Service Central de la Sécurité des Systèmes d'information : SCSSI) whose purpose is to render anonymous medical files in view of their extraction. Once rendered anonymous, these files will be exportable so as to be merged with other files and used in a framework of epidemiological studies. Therefore, this protocol uses the Standard Hash Algorithm (SHA) which allows the replacement of identities by their imprints while ensuring a minimal collision rate in order to allow a correct linkage of the different information concerning the same patient. A first evaluation of the extraction and anonymity software with regard to the purpose of an epidemiological survey is described here. In this paper, we also show how it would be possible to implement this system by means of the Internet communication network.
Particle-Mediated Delivery of Cytokines for Immunotherapy (2012)

The ability of cytokines to direct the immune response to vaccination, infection and tumors has motivated their use in therapy to augment or shape immunity. To avoid toxic side effects associated with systemic cytokine administration, several approaches have been developed using particle-encapsulated cytokines to deliver this cargo to specific cell types and tissues. Initial work used cytokine-loaded particles to deliver proinflammatory cytokines to phagocytes to enhance antimicrobial and antitumor responses. These particles have also been used to create a cytokine depot at a local site to supplement prophylactic or antitumor vaccines or injected directly into solid tumors to activate immune cells to eliminate established tumors. Finally, recent advances have revealed that paracrine delivery of cytokines directly to T cells has the potential to enhance T-cell mediated therapies. The studies reviewed here highlight the progress in the last 30 years that has established the potential of particle-mediated cytokine immunotherapy.
Diabetic Plantar Ulcers Treated by Total Contact Casting (1987)

The purpose of this clinical report is to describe the healing times of plantar ulcers treated by total contact casting (TCC) in nondiabetic and diabetic patients with and without evidence of severe peripheral vascular disease. Thirty patients with 33 chronic plantar ulcers were treated by applying total contact walking casts. Results demonstrate that 27 of 33 ulcers (81.8%) healed in an average time of 43.6 days. Healing times of patients with severe peripheral vascular disease secondary to diabetes mellitus are similar to those of patients without evidence of vascular disease. These results indicate that TCC is an effective and rapid treatment for chronic plantar ulcers in patients with or without vascular compromise secondary to diabetes mellitus. In addition, the results suggest that pressure reduction on the insensitive foot should be considered in treatment.
Development of a fungal transformation system based on selection of sequences with promoter activity. (1987)

A novel strategy was used to develop a transformation system for the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Sequences capable of driving the expression of a gene conferring resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin B in C. heterostrophus were selected from a library of genomic DNA fragments and used, with the selectable marker, as the basis for transformation. The library of random 0.5- to 2.0-kilobase-pair fragments of C. heterostrophus genomic DNA was inserted at the 5' end of a truncated, promoterless Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hygB) whose product confers resistance to hygromycin B. C. heterostrophus protoplasts were transformed with the library and selected for resistance. Resistant colonies arose at low frequency. Each colony contained a transformation vector stably integrated into chromosomal DNA. When the transforming DNA was recovered from the genome and introduced into C. heterostrophus, resistant colonies appeared at higher frequency. We determined the sequences of two of the C. heterostrophus DNA fragments which had been inserted at the 5' end of hygB in the promoter library and found that both made translational fusions with hygB. One of the two fusions apparently adds 65 and the other at least 86 amino acids to the N-terminus of the hygB product. Plasmids containing hygB-C. heterostrophus promoter fusions can be used unaltered to drive hygB expression in several other filamentous ascomycetes. This approach to achieving transformation may have general utility, especially for organisms with relatively undeveloped genetics.
Pharmacology of rising oral doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan with carbidopa (2008)

5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a direct 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor used to assess central serotonergic function. Its use has been limited by a narrow window between neuroendocrine changes and side effects, and variable kinetics related to inconsistent administration modes. By combining 5-HTP with carbidopa (CBD), increased bioavailability for brain penetration and decreased peripheral side effects would be expected, due to reduced peripheral decarboxylation of 5-HTP to 5-HT. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, single rising dose, four-way crossover trial with placebo randomisation was performed in 15 healthy male volunteers to investigate the neuroendocrine dose-response relationship at various 5-HTP levels; the tolerability and subjective effects of oral 5-HTP at 100, 200 and 300 mg combined with CBD and the pharmacokinetic properties of the 5-HTP/CBD-challenge. Dose-dependent increases in average cortisol concentrations were observed. Mean response (area-under-the-curve) over the first 4 hours (SD): 172.0 nmol/L (22.3) for placebo, 258.3 nmol/L (72.6) for 100 mg, 328.47 nmol/L (84.6) for 200 mg and 387.3 nmol/L (82.4) for 300 mg 5-HTP. Similar dose-dependent increases for prolactin were seen while adreno-corticotrophic hormone response was more variable. 5-HTP kinetics were adequately described using a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and a lag time (mean oral clearance 28 L/h interindividual coefficient of variation 31%). Nausea and vomiting occurred dose-dependently as most frequent side effects, resulting in dose-related dropout of 6.6% at 100 mg and 45.5% at 300 mg 5-HTP. Orally administered 5-HTP combined with CBD is an effective serotonergic challenge test, exhibiting dose-related plasma concentrations and neuroendocrine responsiveness. Frequent occurrence of nausea and vomiting limits the applicability of this challenge at 5-HTP doses above 100 mg.