gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus A and B and Parainfluenzavirus 3 Sequences in Respiratory Tracts of Infants by a Single PCR with Primers Targeted to the L-Polymerase Gene and Differential Hybridization (1998)

A reverse transcription-PCR and hybridization-enzyme immunoassay (RT-PCR-EIA) has been developed to identify the major agents of bronchiolitis in infants: respiratory syncytial viruses A and B (RSVA and RSVB) and parainfluenzavirus 3 (PIV3). Two primer sets (P1-P2 and P1-P3) were selected in a conserved region of the polymerase L gene. In infected cell cultures, this method detected RSVA (n = 14), RSVB (n = 13), and PIV3 (n = 13), with the exclusion of PIV1 (n = 4), PIV2 (n = 3), measles virus (n = 6), mumps virus (n = 4), influenza A virus (n = 11), and influenza B virus (n = 4). The differentiation of the amplicons by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed a PvuII site for PIV3 strains and an AvaII site for RSV strains, with RSVA distinguished from RSVB by BglII. The hybridization-EIA, using three internal probes specific for each virus, correlated with the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and RFLP results. Clinical aspirates from 261 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis were tested by IFA, viral isolation technique (VIT), and RT-PCR-EIA. RT-PCR-EIA detected RSV sequences in 103 samples (39.4%), and IFA-VIT detected RSV sequences in 109 cases (41.7%). A few samples (2.6%) were IFA-VIT positive but PCR negative, and one sample was RT-PCR-EIA positive only. RT-PCR-EIA detected PIV3 sequences in 14 of the 15 IFA-VIT-positive isolates. The two methods showed very good correlation (96.9%), but RT-PCR-EIA was clearly more efficient in typing, leaving 5% non-A, non-B isolates, while IFA failed to resolve 23% of the isolates. The two methods contradicted each other for <5% of the isolates.
Anti-growth action on mouse mammary and prostate glands of a monoclonal antibody to prolactin receptor. (1988)

Monoclonal antibody (PrR-7A) against purified PRL receptor was used in the following studies. When PRL receptor was chromatographed on affinity columns containing PrR-7A antibody or monoclonal antibody against hemocyanin, which served as a control, PRL receptor was bound to the column containing PrR-7A antibody, but not to the column containing control antibody. When solubilized PRL receptor was incubated with PrR-7A antibody, the specific binding of the receptor was reduced 52%. Female mice were treated with the carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and during the succeeding 48 weeks were treated weekly with PrR-7A antibody or control antibody. In the control group 13% developed mammary carcinomas, and 16% developed moderate-to-severe intraductal hyperplasia. No mammary carcinomas were found in the mice treated with PrR-7A antibody, and only 8% of the mice had moderate-to-severe intraductal hyperplasia. Male mice made hyperprolactinemic by implanted pituitary glands were treated weekly with PrR-7A or control antibody. After 7 weeks of treatment, the mean weight of the prostates of mice treated with PrR-7A antibody was 8 +/- 1.1 mg (mean +/- SE), and that of mice treated with control antibody was 27 +/- 3.6 mg. Similar differences were seen in the protein and DNA content of the prostates. These results indicate that PrR-7A antibody is directed against PRL receptor and that immunization with this antibody reduces the incidence of PRL-dependent mammary tumors and preneoplastic ductal hyperplasia and prevents PRL-induced hyperplasia of the prostate.
Ultrafast contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography: state of the art. (1998)

Ultrafast breath-hold contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can be performed with a flexible imaging sequence. With the current generation of high-speed imaging gradients, it is possible to achieve sequence repetition times of 4 msec or less. These repetition times make it possible to obtain high-resolution (512 x 512 x 64) images in under 30 seconds. Applications of this versatile technique include imaging of aortic dissection, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolus, carotid stenosis, and peripheral vascular disease. The administration of contrast material must be tailored to the vascular anatomy under examination to avoid venous enhancement. The rapid data acquisition times can be used to image multiple temporal phases or multiple locations. With this technique and administration of a T1-shortening contrast agent, high-quality MR angiography can be routinely performed in a variety of vascular regions (eg, thoracic and abdominal aorta, pulmonary arteries, carotid arteries, lower extremities).
Correlating magnetic resonance imaging with the biochemical content of the normal human intervertebral disc (1992)

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the T2 relaxation times of prepared proteoglycan solutions and of normal human intervertebral disc tissue from the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). The collagen, proteoglycan, and water contents of the disc tissue samples were determined by biochemical assays after they were scanned. Correlations among 1/T2, collagen, proteoglycan, and water contents of the tissue samples and among 1/T2, water, and proteoglycan contents of the proteoglycan solutions were calculated. A moderate negative correlation between 1/T2 and water content was noted for the tissue samples, and a very high negative correlation was found between 1/T2 and water content for the proteoglycan solutions. The very high positive correlation between 1/T2 and proteoglycan content of the proteoglycan solutions is probably due to this negative correlation between 1/T2 and water content. There was no significant correlation between 1/T2 and proteoglycan content of the tissues. The moderate positive correlation between 1/T2 and collagen content is probably due to the high negative correlation between collagen content and water content. No significant correlation was found between the collagen and proteoglycan contents of the tissues. Thus it appears that the data confirm previous reports in the literature that the collagen of the disc tissue functions to control its water content.
The PrsA lipoprotein is essential for protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis and sets a limit for high‐level secretion (1993)

Mutations of the prsA gene of Bacillus subtilis have indicated that the gene is involved in protein secretion and it encodes a novel component of the cellular secretion machinery. We now demonstrate that the gene product is a membrane-associated lipoprotein, presumably bound to the outer face of the cytoplasmic membrane. Experiments to inactivate the prsA gene with insertions indicated that it is indispensable for viability. The cellular level of PrsA protein was shown to be decreased in prsA mutants with decreased level of exoproteins, consistent with an essential function in protein secretion. An increased amount of cellular PrsA protein was introduced by increasing the copy number of prsA in B. subtilis. This enhanced, from six- to twofold, the secretion of alpha-amylases and a protease in strains, which expressed high levels of these exoenzymes. This suggests that PrsA protein is the rate-limiting component of the secretion machinery, a finding that is of considerable biotechnological interest.
Rigorous analysis of probe-fed printed annular ring antennas (1999)

This paper presents calculated and measured results for the input impedance and radiation performance of probe-fed printed annular ring antennas. Geometries featuring stacked rings as well as shorting posts are considered. A numerical model is presented that is based on a full-wave spectral-domain moment-method solution. In this solution, a specialized attachment mode-expansion function is used to model the connection between the probe feed and the printed ring. Measured results are presented and compare well with the theory. Annular rings are found to have certain advantages over circular and rectangular microstrip antennas.
Compliance Measurements of Confined Polystyrene Solutions by Atomic Force Microscopy (1996)

The use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) as a local probe for elastohydrodynamic lubrication is discussed. Compliances are measured with a modified AFM that allows application of ac and dc force-displacement curves on end-grafted poly(styrene) chains in good (toluene) and poor (water) solvents. In toluene, the chains form a stretched brush whose elastic modulus is an order of magnitude larger than that of the collapsed layer in water. The dc force-displacement curves are compared to those previously obtained on similar systems with the surface forces apparatus.
Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature (2004)

This paper provides a systematic review of some methods for the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature based on Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. They are photo-generated in-fibre gratings, hybrid FBG/LPG (longperiod grating), two FBGs, a single changed FBG and superstructure fibre grating. The principle and accuracy of each type of measurement method are discussed. The unsolved problems are also discussed.
A Condenser to Recover Organic Volatile Compounds during Vinification (2016)

Escape of carbon dioxide during grape must fermentation leads to loss of volatile compounds, which ultimately affects the wine’s aroma. An innovative condensation device was designed to trap organic volatile compounds that would otherwise be lost. Trials were performed using Sangiovese and Syrah grapes and involved continuous condensation of vapor (condensed fractions, CFs) that escaped from fermentation tanks. Ethanol content and volatile compound composition of CFs were measured daily since 48 hr after the fermentation began. An average of 1.3 g CF per kg fermenting must was recovered, corresponding to a theoretical yield of ~0.37% of condensed product. Mean ethanol content was ~24% by volume, and the total concentration of organic volatile compounds was ~1200 mg/L. Predominant compounds were alcohols and esters of secondary origin, with four compounds (ethyl octanoate, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, and 2, 3-butanediol) accounting for more than 88% of the final concentration. The CF volatile profile changed as a function of fermentation time. For sensory evaluation, CFs were added back to their respective wines and were statistically shown to be detectable at a rate of 1‰.
Immunology of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1985)

We have attempted to illustrate the major trends in research in human IDDM and in the animal models of this disease. We have stressed the utility and importance of the animal models. Their contribution to understanding the human disease is great but the limitations inherent in their use should also be evident. Extrapolation from rodent to human is always treacherous. Nonetheless, the animals still offer great promise in unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetes. The excellent results obtained in BB rats have already led to the use of cyclosporin in human trials. It is clear that we have learned a great deal from diabetic animals and that they have a good deal yet to teach us. Hopefully, an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of human insulin-dependent diabetes will follow and lead to preventive and curative therapies that are both safe and effective.
Direct Observation of Ferroelectric Domains in Solution-Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films (2014)

A new generation of solid-state photovoltaics is being made possible by the use of organometal-trihalide perovskite materials. While some of these materials are expected to be ferroelectric, almost nothing is known about their ferroelectric properties experimentally. Using piezoforce microscopy (PFM), here we show unambiguously, for the first time, the presence of ferroelectric domains in high-quality β-CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films that have been synthesized using a new solution-processing method. The size of the ferroelectric domains is found to be about the size of the grains (∼100 nm). We also present evidence for the reversible switching of the ferroelectric domains by poling with DC biases. This suggests the importance of further PFM investigations into the local ferroelectric behavior of hybrid perovskites, in particular in situ photoeffects. Such investigations could contribute toward the basic understanding of photovoltaic mechanisms in perovskite-based solar cells, which is essential for the further enhancement of the performance of these promising photovoltaics.
Identification of Novel Surface Proteins ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumby Affinity Purification and Proteomics (2007)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), one of the major tick-borne zoonoses in the United States. The surface of A. phagocytophilum plays a crucial role in subverting the hostile host cell environment. However, except for the P44/Msp2 outer membrane protein family, the surface components of A. phagocytophilum are largely unknown. To identify the major surface proteins of A. phagocytophilum, a membrane-impermeable, cleavable biotin reagent, sulfosuccinimidyl-2-[biotinamido]ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate (Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin), was used to label intact bacteria. The biotinylated bacterial surface proteins were isolated by streptavidin agarose affinity purification and then separated by electrophoresis, followed by capillary liquid chromatography-nanospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the major proteins captured by affinity purification were five A. phagocytophilum proteins, Omp85, hypothetical proteins APH_0404 (designated Asp62) and APH_0405 (designated Asp55), P44 family proteins, and Omp-1A. The surface exposure of Asp62 and Asp55 was verified by immunofluorescence microscopy. Recombinant Asp62 and Asp55 proteins were recognized by an HGA patient serum. Anti-Asp62 and anti-Asp55 peptide sera partially neutralized A. phagocytophilum infection of HL-60 cells in vitro. We found that the Asp62 and Asp55 genes were cotranscribed and conserved among members of the family Anaplasmataceae. With the exception of P44-18, all of the proteins were newly revealed major surface-exposed proteins whose study should facilitate understanding the interaction between A. phagocytophilum and the host. These proteins may serve as targets for development of chemotherapy, diagnostics, and vaccines.
Post-operative endophthalmitis due to an unusual pathogen, Comamonas testosteroni (2009)

Here, we describe the first report of post-operative endophthalmitis due to Comamonas testosteroni in an elderly diabetic patient after complicated cataract surgery. The isolate was identified by using Mini API strips. The patient was successfully treated with intravitreal ceftazidime and oral ciprofloxacin.
Behavior of Hydrogen Peroxide in Electrolyzed Anode Water (2002)

Oxygen electrodes and spectrophotometric analysis have been used to evaluate the contribution of H2O2, in addition to available chlorine, to the high redox potential of electrolyzed anode water (EAW) with potassium chloride as an electrolyte. H2O2 was added externally to EAW, and the reaction between H2O2 and the available chlorine in the water was examined. EAW has a low pH (2.5), a high concentration of dissolved oxygen, and extremely high redox potentials (19 mg/l and 1,319 mV) when the available chlorine is at the concentration of about 580 microM. The addition of H2O2 to EAW led to H2O2 decomposition, and the amount of oxygen produced was equivalent to the amount of available chlorine. Oxygen production was reduced by ascorbic acid, and completely inhibited by 600 microM ascorbate. The rate of oxygen production was much affected by pH, and was slowest at or near pH 5.0. Rates were particularly high in alkaline solution. Absorbance at 235 nm (pH 3.0 and 5.0) and 292 nm (pH 10.0) decreased when H2O2 was added to the EAW at these pHs, and the extent of decrease was similar pH dependency to that of the oxygen production rate. Oxygen was not produced after H2O2 was added to EAW at pH 2.6 when available chlorine was absent, but oxygen was produced after potassium hypochlorite was added to such EAW. The oxygen production rates in EAW without available chlorine at pH 5.0 and 2.0, pH adjustment with KOH and HCl, respectively, were faster than the rate at pH 2.6, and fastest at pH 2.0. These results suggest that H2O2 or hydroxyl radicals derived from Fenton's reaction did not contribute to the high redox potential of EAW prepared with chlorine compounds as an electrolyte, so that the decomposition of H2O2 occurred rapidly with the reactions of chlorine and hypochlorite ions in EAW.
CD44‐stimulated dendrite formation (‘spreading’) in activated B cells (1997)

A rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) (NIM-R8), insolubilized by binding to plastic plates, induced a rapid and extensive formation of dendrite processes ('spreading') in B lymphocytes activated by anti-IgM and interleukin-4 (IL-4) or anti-CD38 and IL-4. In contrast, resting B cells were unable to spread similarly on the NIM-R8-coated plates. The NIM-R8 antibody recognized a 90,000 MW surface glycoprotein (gp90) present on both B and T lymphocytes. The expression of this molecule was greatly increased after polyclonal (lipopolysaccharide, anti-IgM plus IL-4 or concanavalin A) activation. The NIM-R8 mAb with or without IL-2 or IL-4 was unable to induce proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. Following the demonstration that the NIM-R8 mAb recognizes the murine equivalent of human CD44, the induction of spreading of activated B lymphocytes was studied using a panel of mAb recognizing different epitopes of murine CD44. All of these different mAb induced similar spreading of activated B cells. The ligand-inducible spreading of activated B lymphocytes may be an important mechanism for providing an increased cell-surface area for cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, and thus may be an important factor controlling the response of activated lymphocytes.
Isobologram Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Methodology and Current Research (2019)

Drug combination is a common method for clinical disease treatment. Whether the combination of drugs is reasonable often affects the result of the disease treatment. Many methods have been used to evaluate interaction between drugs to date. Isobologram analysis has been mathematically proven and widely used to evaluate drug interactions. In this paper, the principle of isobologram analysis and its application in drug interaction evaluation are summarized. The applications of the similar cotoxicity coefficient and fractional inhibitory concentration index in the evaluation of drug interaction are also reviewed. This work is expected to evaluate the effect of formulations scientifically and provide scientific judgment standards for the development of formulations and clinical drug compatibility.
Preparation and reactions of sulfonimidoyl chlorides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactions of sulfonimidoyl chloridesCarl R. Johnson, Ernst U. Jonsson, and Conley C. BaconCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 13, 2055–2061Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01327a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01327a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1694Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Vivo Measurement of Neutrophil Activity in Experimental Lung Inflammation (1994)

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to quantify 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake in rabbits with experimental pneumonitis localized to the right upper lobe. In Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pneumonia, which causes a profound inflammatory response lasting several days before it resolves, 18FDG uptake was pronounced at 15 h after the onset of inflammation, but by 48 h there was little uptake. In bleomycin injury, which progresses from an acute inflammatory stage to chronic inflammation and scarring, 18FDG uptake detectable by PET persisted for up to 21 d. Autoradiography of histologic sections after intravenous administration of [3H]deoxyglucose 15 h after streptococcal instillation and 2 wk after bleomycin instillation showed that, in both models, deoxyglucose uptake was localized to neutrophils. In the streptococcal model there was little 18FGD signal at 6 h, when major neutrophil migration occurs. At 15 h, [3H]deoxyglucose-labeled neutrophils were present in the airspaces but not in the alveolar septa, suggesting that the deoxyglucose signal reflected a postmigratory neutrophil event, probably the respiratory burst. Thus, PET of 18FDG uptake may provide a novel and readily repeatable, noninvasive approach to the in vivo study of neutrophil activity at otherwise inaccessible sites.
Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type I Receptors and Smad Proteins in Osteoblast and Chondroblast Differentiation (1999)

The biological effects of type I serine/threonine kinase receptors and Smad proteins were examined using an adenovirus-based vector system. Constitutively active forms of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB; BMPR-I group) and those of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-1 and ALK-2 (ALK-1 group) induced alkaline phosphatase activity in C2C12 cells. Receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) that act in the BMP pathways, such as Smad1 and Smad5, also induced the alkaline phosphatase activity in C2C12 cells. BMP-6 dramatically enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity induced by Smad1 or Smad5, probably because of the nuclear translocation of R-Smads triggered by the ligand. Inhibitory Smads, i.e., Smad6 and Smad7, repressed the alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-6 or the type I receptors. Chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells was induced by the receptors of the BMPR-I group but not by those of the ALK-1 group. However, kinase-inactive forms of the receptors of the ALK-1 and BMPR-I groups blocked chondrogenic differentiation. Although R-Smads failed to induce cartilage nodule formation, inhibitory Smads blocked it. Osteoblast differentiation induced by BMPs is thus mediated mainly via the Smad-signaling pathway, whereas chondrogenic differentiation may be transmitted by Smad-dependent and independent pathways.