gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRAIL-R2 (DR5) Mediates Apoptosis of Synovial Fibroblasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2003)

TRAIL has been proposed as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using two agonistic mAbs specific for TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5), we examined the expression and function of these death receptors in RA synovial fibroblast cells. The synovial tissues and primary synovial fibroblast cells isolated from patients with RA, but not those isolated from patients with osteoarthritis, selectively expressed high levels of cell surface DR5 and were highly susceptible to anti-DR5 Ab (TRA-8)-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, RA synoviocytes did not show increased expression of TRAIL-R1 (DR4), nor was there any difference in expression of Fas between RA and osteoarthritis synovial cells. In vitro TRA-8 induced apoptosis of RA synovial cells and inhibited production of matrix metalloproteinases induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo TRA-8 effectively inhibited hypercellularity of a SV40-transformed RA synovial cell line and completely prevented bone erosion and cartilage destruction induced by these cells. These results indicate that increased DR5 expression and susceptibility to DR5-mediated apoptosis are characteristic of the proliferating synovial cells in RA. As highly proliferative transformed-appearing RA synovial cells play a crucial role in bone erosion and cartilage destruction in RA, the specific targeting of DR5 on RA synovial cells with an agonistic anti-DR5 Ab may be a potential therapy for RA.
Overview of refractive surgery. (2001)

Patients with myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism can now reduce or eliminate their dependence on contact lenses and eyeglasses through refractive surgery that includes radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) and intrastromal corneal rings (ICR). Since the approval of the excimer laser in 1995, the popularity of RK has declined because of the superior outcomes from PRK and LASIK. In patients with low-to-moderate myopia, PRK produces stable and predictable results with an excellent safety profile. LASIK is also efficacious, predictable and safe, with the additional advantages of rapid vision recovery and minimal pain. LASIK has rapidly become the most widely performed refractive surgery, with high patient and surgeon satisfaction. Noncontact Holium: YAG LTK provides satisfactory correction in patients with low hyperopia. ICR offers patients with low myopia the potential advantage of removal if the vision outcome is unsatisfactory. Despite the current widespread advertising and media attention about laser refractive surgery, not all patients are good candidates for this surgery. Family physicians should be familiar with the different refractive surgeries and their potential complications.
Association of the APC Tumor Suppressor Protein with Catenins (1993)

Mutations of APC appear to initiate sporadic and inherited forms of human colorectal cancer. Although these mutations have been well characterized, little is known about the function of the APC gene product. Two cellular proteins that associate with APC were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis and peptide mapping as the E-cadherin-associated proteins alpha- and beta-catenin. A 27-residue fragment of APC containing a 15-amino acid repeat was sufficient for the interaction with the catenins. These results suggest an important link between tumor initiation and cell adhesion.
Studies on tumor promoters. 7. The synthesis of a potentially general precursor of the tiglianes, daphnanes, and ingenanes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on tumor promoters. 7. The synthesis of a potentially general precursor of the tiglianes, daphnanes, and ingenanesPaul A. Wender, Hee Yoon Lee, Robert S. Wilhelm, and Peter D. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 24, 8954–8957Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00206a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00206a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2269Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Ins and Outs of Leukocyte Integrin Signaling (2009)

Integrins are the principal cell adhesion receptors that mediate leukocyte migration and activation in the immune system. These receptors signal bidirectionally through the plasma membrane in pathways referred to as inside-out and outside-in signaling. Each of these pathways is mediated by conformational changes in the integrin structure. Such changes allow high-affinity binding of the receptor with counter-adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium or extracellular matrix and lead to association of the cytoplasmic tails of the integrins with intracellular signaling molecules. Leukocyte functional responses resulting from outside-in signaling include migration, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and degranulation. Here, we review the key signaling events that occur in the inside-out versus outside-in pathways, highlighting recent advances in our understanding of how integrins are activated by a variety of stimuli and how they mediate a diverse array of cellular responses.
Highly Efficient, Nonpeptidic Oligoguanidinium Vectors that Selectively Internalize into Mitochondria (2004)

Oligoguanidinium-based cell delivery systems have gained broad interest in the drug delivery field since one decade ago. Thus, arginine-containing peptides as Tat or Antp, oligoarginine peptides, and derived peptoids have been described as shuttles for delivering nonpermeant drugs inside cancer cells. Herein we report a new family of tetraguanidinium cell penetrating vectors efficiently internalized in human tumor cells. Their high internalization, studied by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, as well as their specific accumulation in mitochondria makes these new vectors likely vehicles for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to mitochondria.
Switch from hapten-specific immunoglobulin M to immunoglobulin D secretion in a hybrid mouse cell line. (1981)

From a hybrid mouse cell line (B1-8) that secreted an IgM, lambda 1 anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl antibody but that had no detectable surface IgM, selection for a variant with lambda 1 chains on the surface resulted in the isolation of a line that had switched from mu to delta expression. The surface and secreted Igs of this line were typed as IgD with two monoclonal antibodies, and the parental IgM and variant IgD molecules carried the same variable regions as judged by hapten-binding and idiotypic analysis. The surface and secreted delta chains of the IgD variant have apparent molecular weights of 64,000 and 61,000, respectively. However, the unglycosylated secreted delta polypeptide chain has a molecular weight of only 44,000. The secreted IgD exists predominantly in the delta 2 lambda A2 form, does not contain J protein, is relatively stable in serum, and does not fix complement.
Progressive genomic alterations in intraductal papillary mucinous tumours of the pancreas and morphologically similar lesions of the pancreatic ducts (2003)

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumours (IPMTs) of the pancreas are rare neoplasms characterized by a prominent intraductal component, and by malignant potential. Little data exists concerning numerical chromosome aberrations in IPMTs. The biological significance of mucinous epithelial changes (mucinous hyperplasia) in small branching ducts adjacent to IPMTs also remains unclear. From a series of 12 IPMTs, we investigated by interphase cytogenetics 22 foci with mucinous hyperplasia, 27 foci with borderline lesions, and 11 samples with either intraductal (CIS) or invasive carcinoma. Chromosome 6 loss was detected in areas with mucinous hyperplasia (36.3%), borderline lesions (96.3%), and CIS/invasive carcinoma (100%). Similar losses, indicating clonal progression, were found for chromosome 17 (18.2%, 81.5%, and 100%), and for chromosome 18 (0%, 18.5%, and 100%). Quantitative analysis showed a significant intraductal expansion of cell clones harbouring these numerical aberrations within the spectrum of IPMTs. Mucinous epithelial changes in 11 resection samples with chronic pancreatitis showed monosomy 6 (36%) and monosomy 17 (27%). Conversely, areas with low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN-1), obtained from eight surgical specimens with ductal adenocarcinoma, showed monosomies for chromosome 6, 17, and 18 (100%, 87%, and 50%, respectively). We conclude that monosomies, as defined by FISH analysis, are frequent in both IPMTs and mucinous hyperplasia of pancreatic ducts adjacent to IPMTs. Monosomy 6 may represent an early event in the stepwise accumulation of genomic mutations necessary for the neoplastic transformation of pancreatic duct epithelia, whereas loss of chromosome 18 may be implicated in the progression of borderline to malignant IPMT. The detection of complex chromosomal aberrations in mucinous epithelial changes, and the quantitative expansion of monosomic cell clones in pancreatic ducts, provide evidence for a continuum between hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial changes.
Clinical outcomes of revision lumbar spinal surgery: 124 patients with a minimum of two years of follow-up. (2002)

This study reveals a high success rate of revision spinal surgery. We recommend performing spinal fusion, and achievement of solid fusion in repeated low back surgery is invaluable for patients with spinal instability. Targeting the specific pathology of failed back surgery syndrome is crucial in attaining satisfactory results with revision lumbar spinal surgery.
Local thrombolytic therapy for subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis. Treatment of the thoracic inlet syndrome. (1983)

Four patients with primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis are described. Each patient received local thrombolytic therapy, resulting in reestablishment of antegrade flow via the axillary and subclavian veins. An intrinsic venous abnormality (perimural fibrosis and/or intimal dissection) identified at the first rib-clavicle junction (subclavian-axillary vein junction) was thought to be responsible for the thrombosis. One of the four patients subsequently underwent a surgical venous bypass of the abnormal segment, and a second underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Event Processing Support for Cross-Reality Environments (2009)

Complex event processing (CEP) is an essential functionality for cross-reality environments. Through CEP, we can turn raw sensor data generated in the real world into more meaningful information that has some significance for the virtual world. In this article, the authors present DejaVu, a general-purpose event processing system built at ETH Zurich. SmartRFLib, a cross-reality application, builds on DejaVu and enables real-time event detection over RFID data streams feeding a virtual library on Second Life.
Technique for Human Marrow Grafting (1970)

Abstract A technique is described for marrow aspiration from living human donors and for processing the marrow for intravenous infusion to marrow graft recipients.
Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Systems in the Niagaran Formation (2009)

Abstract The Niagaran formation in the Michigan basin is comprised of Silurian Pinnacle reefs. It is a heterogeneous carbonate formation with the majority being dolomite. There are two Niagaran plays in Michigan, the Northern Play and the Southern Play. Past stimulation treatments on the Niagaran have consisted of mainly hydrochloric acid at concentrations of 15-28%. Most treatments were kept to matrix conditions due to water zones in close proximity. These treatments usually yield marginal results due to the acid being spent mostly near well bore. Gelled, crosslinked or emulsified acid are good solutions for this problem but can also leave some damage behind. Acid gelled with surfactants can yield similar results and be easier to clean up. This paper will provide some background on the Niagaran formation and historical treatments. The paper will explain the chemistry behind viscoelastic surfactant-based acid systems and will provide detailed descriptions of the benefits of these types of systems. Production data from a well treated with both conventional acid and a viscoelastic acid system will be discussed. The paper will then conclude with a few words on the economics behind viscoelastic systems.
Free-space optical interconnections for VLSI systems: a technology roadmap (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to present a roadmap that details a possible evolution of optoelectronic-VLSI technology as silicon feature sizes shrink, and the dimensions of GaAs/AlGaAs MQW diodes are reduced. The progress of silicon CMOS technology is expected to follow the projections of the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) roadmap. The anticipated technology parameters for succeeding generations of hybrid CMOS-MQW systems are detailed. These optoelectronic technology parameters represent a conservative estimate as to the evolution of the photonic technology based on our current understanding of device fabrication and system issues. With these assumptions on the availability of sufficient laser power to drive the optoelectronic devices, the optical system loss, and ability to dissipate the power consumed on-chip, we project limits on the maximum number of optical inputs and outputs (I/O) and the electrical circuit complexity per optical I/O for current and future generations of OE-VLSI chips.
Antibody-Based Sensors: Principles, Problems and Potential for Detection of Pathogens and Associated Toxins (2009)

Antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. A critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine toxins and parasites are also provided.
잉크젯 프린팅을 이용한 코팅공정 성능개선 (2013)

The goal of this study is improving productivity through optimization of transparency liquid chemical coating process. At coating process, the maintenance of the coating gap is an important factor. Specially, at a small split from the substrate, existing coating methods is difficult to maintain the uniformity of coating. In this study, slit coating uniformity compared to inkjet uniformity and thickness profile was analyzed using alpha-step. Also, the pencil hardness test and the color difference measurement were performed. As a result, changes of the coating process need to be made depending on the type of substrate and inkjet coating was suitable for substrate of a small split.
Metabolic memory: implications for diabetic vascular complications (2009)

Cooper ME. Metabolic memory: implications for diabetic vascular complications.Pediatric Diabetes 2009.
Enzymology of the Wood–Ljungdahl Pathway of Acetogenesis (2008)

The biochemistry of acetogenesis is reviewed. The microbes that catalyze the reactions that are central to acetogenesis are described and the focus is on the enzymology of the process. These microbes play a key role in the global carbon cycle, producing over 10 trillion kilograms of acetic acid annually. Acetogens have the ability to anaerobically convert carbon dioxide and CO into acetyl-CoA by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which is linked to energy conservation. They also can convert the six carbons of glucose stoichiometrically into 3 mol of acetate using this pathway. Acetogens and other anaerobic microbes (e.g., sulfate reducers and methanogens) use the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for cell carbon synthesis. Important enzymes in this pathway that are covered in this review are pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein, a methyltransferase, and the enzymes involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl-tetrahydrofolate.
Coupling Phosphate Homeostasis to Cell Cycle-Specific Transcription: Mitotic Activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 by Mcm1 and Forkhead Proteins (2009)

Cells devote considerable resources to nutrient homeostasis, involving nutrient surveillance, acquisition, and storage at physiologically relevant concentrations. Many Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcripts coding for proteins with nutrient uptake functions exhibit peak periodic accumulation during M phase, indicating that an important aspect of nutrient homeostasis involves transcriptional regulation. Inorganic phosphate is a central macronutrient that we have previously shown oscillates inversely with mitotic activation of PHO5. The mechanism of this periodic cell cycle expression remains unknown. To date, only two sequence-specific activators, Pho4 and Pho2, were known to induce PHO5 transcription. We provide here evidence that Mcm1, a MADS-box protein, is essential for PHO5 mitotic activation. In addition, we found that cells simultaneously lacking the forkhead proteins, Fkh1 and Fkh2, exhibited a 2.5-fold decrease in PHO5 expression. The Mcm1-Fkh2 complex, first shown to transactivate genes within the CLB2 cluster that drive G(2)/M progression, also associated directly at the PHO5 promoter in a cell cycle-dependent manner in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Sds3, a component specific to the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex, was also recruited to PHO5 in G(1). These findings provide (i) further mechanistic insight into PHO5 mitotic activation, (ii) demonstrate that Mcm1-Fkh2 can function combinatorially with other activators to yield late M/G(1) induction, and (iii) couple the mitotic cell cycle progression machinery to cellular phosphate homeostasis.
LED Street Light Research Project (2018)

<strong>LED Street Light Research Project</strong> Street lighting systems can account for as much as sixty percent of a municipal government’s total electricity use. New lighting and sensor technologies can reduce energy usage and save money. A major trend in street lighting is to use light emitting diode (LED) technology as a means of lowering energy use and overall maintenance costs. However, RCI's research indicates that performance issues have been neglected. The study team investigated the technological possibilities, best management practices, lessons learned from cities using LED lighting, and the place-making and aesthetic impact of LED lighting. The team also investigated the issues surrounding the replacement of existing fixtures with equivalent LED fixtures. The City of Pittsburgh engaged the Remaking Cities Institute (RCI) to investigate the full range of potential benefits of a replacement program in business districts. The research team included Carnegie Mellon University faculty and researchers from the Remaking Cities Institute, School of Architecture and the School of Drama, as well as lighting consultants from C &amp; C Lighting, LLC in Pittsburgh and Orfield Laboratories, Inc. in Minneapolis, MN.
MolProbity: all-atom contacts and structure validation for proteins and nucleic acids (2007)

MolProbity is a general-purpose web server offering quality validation for 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids and complexes. It provides detailed all-atom contact analysis of any steric problems within the molecules as well as updated dihedral-angle diagnostics, and it can calculate and display the H-bond and van der Waals contacts in the interfaces between components. An integral step in the process is the addition and full optimization of all hydrogen atoms, both polar and nonpolar. New analysis functions have been added for RNA, for interfaces, and for NMR ensembles. Additionally, both the web site and major component programs have been rewritten to improve speed, convenience, clarity and integration with other resources. MolProbity results are reported in multiple forms: as overall numeric scores, as lists or charts of local problems, as downloadable PDB and graphics files, and most notably as informative, manipulable 3D kinemage graphics shown online in the KiNG viewer. This service is available free to all users at http://molprobity.biochem.duke.edu.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 5 polysaccharide-toxin A conjugate vaccine (1986)

Polysaccharide (PS) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 5 lipopolysaccharide was covalently coupled to toxin A by reductive amination with adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule. The resulting PS-toxin A conjugate was composed of 27.5% PS and 72.5% toxin A. The conjugate was composed of heterogeneous high-molecular-weight species, all of which possessed an Mr greater than 670,000. The conjugate was nontoxic for mice and nonpyrogenic at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg of body weight when intravenously administered to rabbits. Immunization of rabbits with the conjugate evoked both an antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G (IgG) and an anti-toxin A IgG response. Anticonjugate IgG was capable of neutralizing the cytotoxic effect of toxin A. Immunization of mice with the conjugate increased the mean lethal dose from 4.5 X 10(1) P. aeruginosa for control mice to 9.6 X 10(5) P. aeruginosa for vaccinated mice. Similarly, immunization raised the mean lethal dose for toxin A from 0.2 to 4.67 micrograms per mouse.
Medicinal Chemistry Of Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands: From Agonists And Antagonists To Modulators (2012)

The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has emerged as a highly promising target in preclinical development in recent years. A significant amount of research has been conducted and, although none has reached clinical use, many synthetic ligands of FXR have been described. This review outlines the available knowledge regarding the medicinal chemistry and SAR of these FXR ligands, and discusses the molecular interactions of the compounds with the FXR ligand-binding domain by interpreting the existing co-crystal structures.