gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myostatin blockade improves function but not histopathology in a murine model of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2C (2007)

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin mutations and pharmacological strategies increase muscle mass in vivo, suggesting that myostatin blockade may prove useful in diseases characterized by muscle wasting, such as the muscular dystrophies. We subjected the gamma-sarcoglycan-deficient (Sgcg(-/-)) mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2C to antibody-mediated myostatin blockade in vivo. Myostatin inhibition led to increased fiber size, muscle mass, and absolute force. However, no clear improvement in muscle histopathology was evident, demonstrating discordance between physiological and histological improvement. These results and previous studies on the dyw/dyw mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy and in the late-stage delta-sarcoglycan-deficient (Sgcd(-/-)) mouse model of LGMD2F document disease-specific limitations to therapeutic strategies based on myostatin blockade in the more severe mouse models of different muscular dystrophies.
The Incidentalome (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A novel coumarin‐labelled peptide for sensitive continuous assays of the matrix metalloproteinases (1992)

(7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)Acetyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-(3-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-L- 2,3-diaminopropionyl)-Ala-Arg-NH2 (Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2) has been synthesised as a fluorogenic substrate for the matrix metalloproteinases. The highly fluorescent 7-methoxycoumarin group is efficiently quenched by energy transfer to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. The punctuated metalloproteinase (PUMP, EC 3.4.24.23) cleaves the substrate at the Gly-Leu bond with a 190-fold increase in fluorescence (lambda cx 328 nm, lambda cm 393 nm). In assays of the human matrix metalloproteinases. Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 is about 50 to 100 times more sensitive than dinitrophenyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2 and continuous assays can be made at enzyme concentrations comparable to those used with macromolecular substrates. Specificity constants (kcat/Km) are reported for both synthetic substrates with PUMP, collagenase, stromelysin and 72 kDa gelatinase.
Adjuvant effect of cholera toxin on the mucosal immune response to soluble proteins. Differences between mouse strains and protein antigens. (1989)

We examined the effect of orally administered cholera toxin (CT) on the immune response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and ovalbumin (OVA) in high (C57Bl/6 H2b), medium (CBA H2k), and low (BALB/c H2d) responder I-A haplotypes to CT. Mice were fed OVA or KLH on three occasions at 10-day intervals and the effect of simultaneous feeding of CT determined. Isotype-specific antibody levels were assayed in serum samples collected 7 days after the last immunization. Antibody was also measured in the supernatant of gut explant cultures incubated at either 4 or 37 degrees C. Increased antibody levels in cultures kept at 37 degrees C indicated release of local intracellular antibody. Cholera toxin exerted an adjuvant effect on the mucosal response of all three strains to KLH and OVA. Overall, the responses to CT and the second protein were not correlated; we interpret these findings to indicate that while CT had an effect on the mucosal immune system which enhances the immune response to itself and other protein antigens, the final outcome of the response to the second antigen is dependent on differences in the ability of the strains to process, recognize, and respond to a particular antigen.
Composition and concentrative properties of human urine (1971)

This report defines the composition of typical human urine and presents experimental data on its chemical, physical, engineering, and concentrative properties.The effects of chemical and electrolytic pretreatments used in aerospace applications for extraction of potable water are included.The results are presented in tables and plots of unsmoothed data, empirical equations, and tables of nominal values.Sample calculations and examples illustrating the consideration of these data in engineering design applications a r e included.. ..
The clinical behavior of breast carcinoma is Probably determined at the preinvasive stage (Ductal carcinoma in Situ) (1997)

These findings indicate that a model in which there is increasing in situ dysplasia before the development of stromal invasion is incorrect for breast carcinoma. Rather, in most cases, well-differentiated DCIS probably gives rise to low grade invasive breast carcinoma with a better long term clinical outcome. These data suggest that many of the important prognostic biologic and genetic characteristics of breast carcinoma are already established in the neoplastic clones of malignant cells at the preinvasive stage of the disease.
Optically Driven Spin Precession (1961)

Received 14 February 1961DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.280©1961 American Physical Society
The characterization of transgenic tomato overexpressing gibberellin 20-oxidase reveals induction of parthenocarpic fruit growth, higher yield, and alteration of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway (2012)

Fruit-set and growth in tomato depend on the action of gibberellins (GAs). To evaluate the role of the GA biosynthetic enzyme GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) in that process, the citrus gene CcGA20ox1 was overexpressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv Micro-Tom. The transformed plants were taller, had non-serrated leaves, and some flowers displayed a protruding stigma due to a longer style, thus preventing self-pollination, similar to GA(3)-treated plants. Flowering was delayed compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Both yield and number of fruits per plant, some of them seedless, were higher in the transgenic plants. The Brix index value of fruit juice was also higher due to elevated citric acid content, but not glucose or fructose content. When emasculated, 14-30% of ovaries from transgenic flowers developed parthenocarpically, whereas no parthenocarpy was found in emasculated WT flowers. The presence of early-13-hydroxylation and non-13-hydroxylation GA pathways was demonstrated in the shoot and fruit of Micro-Tom, as well as in two tall tomato cultivars (Ailsa Craig and UC-82). The transgenic plants had altered GA profiles containing higher concentrations of GA(4), from the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, which is generally a minor active GA in tomato. The effect of GA(4) application in enhancing stem growth and parthenocarpic fruit development was proportional to dose, with the same activity as GA(1). The results support the contention that GA20ox overexpression diverts GA metabolism from the early-13-hydroxylation pathway to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway. This led to enhanced GA(4) synthesis and higher yield, although the increase in GA(4) content in the ovary was not sufficient to induce full parthenocarpy.
Design of an ultra-thin near-eye display with geometrical waveguide and freeform optics (2014)

Small thickness and light weight are two important requirements for a see-through near-eye display which are achieved in this paper by using two advanced technologies: geometrical waveguide and freeform optics. A major problem associated with the geometrical waveguide is the stray light which can severely degrade the display quality. The causes and solutions to this problem are thoroughly studied. A mathematical model of the waveguide is established and a non-sequential ray tracing algorithm is developed, which enable us to carefully examine the stray light of the planar waveguide and explore a global searching method to find an optimum design with the least amount of stray light. A projection optics using freeform surfaces on a wedge shaped prism is also designed. The near-eye display integrating the projection optics and the waveguide has a field of view of 28°, an exit pupil diameter of 9.6mm and an exit pupil distance of 20mm. In our final design, the proportion of the stray light energy over the image output energy of the waveguide is reduced to 2%, the modulation transfer function values across the entire field of the eyepiece are above 0.5 at 30 line pairs/mm (lps/mm). A proof-of-concept prototype of the proposed geometrical waveguide near-eye display is developed and demonstrated.
Clinical Features of Patients with Pain Stemming from the Lumbar Zygapophysial Joints (1994)

The zygapophysial joint is an important source of pain but the existence of a "facet syndrome" must be questioned.
Optimization of Low-Temperature NH3, Plasma-Activated Direct Bonding (1996)

Previous work has described the existence of low temperature NH, plasma activated direct bonding but has not provided the details that allow this technique to be applied to a variety of microstructure applications. This paper describes the standard surface preparation and optimization of the NH, plasma activation for low temperature silicon bonding. Procedures discussed include cleaning, wafer handling, plasma activation, bonding, Md annealing.
This dataset does not exist: training models from generated images (2019)

Current generative networks are increasingly proficient in generating\nhigh-resolution realistic images. These generative networks, especially the\nconditional ones, can potentially become a great tool for providing new image\ndatasets. This naturally brings the question: Can we train a classifier only on\nthe generated data? This potential availability of nearly unlimited amounts of\ntraining data challenges standard practices for training machine learning\nmodels, which have been crafted across the years for limited and fixed size\ndatasets. In this work we investigate this question and its related challenges.\nWe identify ways to improve significantly the performance over naive training\non randomly generated images with regular heuristics. We propose three\nstandalone techniques that can be applied at different stages of the pipeline,\ni.e., data generation, training on generated data, and deploying on real data.\nWe evaluate our proposed approaches on a subset of the ImageNet dataset and\nshow encouraging results compared to classifiers trained on real images.\n
Binding of T and T analogs to CG base pairs in antiparallel triplexes (1994)

The goal of this study was to address antiparallel triplex formation at duplex targets that do not conform to a strict oligopurine.oligopyrimidine motif. We focused on the ability of natural bases and base analogs incorporated into oligonucleotide third strands to bind to so-called CG inversions. These are sites where a cytosine base is present in an otherwise purine-rich strand of a duplex target. Using a 26-base-triplet test system, we found that of the standard bases, only thymine (T) shows substantial binding to CG inversions. This is quantitatively similar to the report of Beal and Dervan [Science (1991), 251, 1360-1363]. Binding to CG inversions was only slightly weaker than binding to AT base pairs. Binding of T to CG inversions was also evaluated in two other sequences, with qualitatively similar results. Six different analogs of thymine were also tested for binding to CG inversions and AT base pairs. Significant changes in affinity were observed. In particular, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine was found to increase affinity for CG inversions as well as for AT base pairs. Studies with oligonucleotides containing pyridin-2-one or pyridin-4-one suggest that thymine O4 plays a critical role in the T.CG interaction. Possible models to account for these observations are discussed.
New advances in Drosophila provide opportunities to study gene functions (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
To chunk or not to chunk (2012)

Large amounts of Internet streaming video traffic are being delivered using HTTP to leverage the existing web infrastructure. A fundamental issue in HTTP streaming concerns the granularity of video objects used throughout the HTTP ecosystem (including clients, proxy caches, CDN nodes, and servers). A video may be divided into many files (called chunks), each containing only a few seconds of video at one extreme, or stored in a single unchunked file at the other.
Chicken erythrocyte nucleosomes have a defined orientation along the linker DNA—A scanning force microscopy study (1997)

The orientation of nucleosomes was investigated using scanning force microscopy (SFM) of hypotonically spread chicken chromatin. A virtual cross section parallel to the substrate at half maximum height of the nucleosomal structure revealed an elliptical shape. The orientation of the major axis of this ellipse was investigated in reference to the direction of the axis of the nucleosomal chain. An alignment of the nucleosomes along the nucleosomal chain was observed, with more than 50% of the nucleosomes aligned with the long axis of the chain within < or = 30 degrees deviation. The alignment distribution peaked at 10-20 degrees. The application of SFM-based image processing for the structural investigation of a protein-DNA complex demonstrates the potential for this approach in structural molecular biology.
Iron regulation of Serratia marcescens hemolysin gene expression (1988)

The hemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens was examined as a function of iron availability. Restriction of iron by the nonmetabolizable chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl or the iron-binding protein transferrin produced a marked increase in hemolytic activity. The hemolytic activity of S. marcescens is determined by two adjacent genes, 5'-shlB-shlA-3', where shlA encodes the hemolysin which requires the ShlB protein for activity. A gene fusion between the promoter-proximal portion of shlA and phoA, the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase gene, was subcloned into a medium-copy-number vector, and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into S. marcescens. The expression of shlA was measured as a function of alkaline phosphatase activity, which increased threefold under iron-restricted conditions. Removal of the 5' noncoding region upstream of shlB in the fusion vector resulted in a 10-fold decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity under iron-sufficient conditions, with no effect of iron limitation on this residual activity. This suggested that the site mediating iron regulation of shlA expression occurs upstream of shlB. Consistent with this, we observed iron-regulated synthesis of the ShlB protein in Western immunoblots of isolated outer membranes. The hemolysin determinant was subsequently expressed on a medium-copy-number vector in fur+/fur isogenic strains of E. coli K-12, where a 10-fold-higher activity was observed in the mutant strain compared with the wild type. A sequence exhibiting some homology to the Fur-binding consensus sequence was identified upstream of the shlB coding region, overlapping the -35 region of a putative promoter.
Age‐associated loss of Sirt1‐mediated enhancement of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in beta cell‐specific Sirt1‐overexpressing (BESTO) mice (2007)

The Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) family of NAD-dependent deacetylases regulates aging and longevity across a wide variety of organisms, including yeast, worms, and flies. In mammals, the Sir2 ortholog Sirt1 promotes fat mobilization, fatty acid oxidation, glucose production, and insulin secretion in response to nutrient availability. We previously reported that an increased dosage of Sirt1 in pancreatic beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and improves glucose tolerance in beta cell-specific Sirt1-overexpressing (BESTO) transgenic mice at 3 and 8 months of age. Here, we report that as this same cohort of BESTO mice reaches 18-24 months of age, the GSIS regulated by Sirt1 through repression of Ucp2 is blunted. Increased body weight and hyperlipidemia alone, which are observed in aged males and also induced by a Western-style high-fat diet, are not enough to abolish the positive effects of Sirt1 on beta cell function. Interestingly, plasma levels of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an important metabolite for the maintenance of normal NAD biosynthesis and GSIS in beta cells, are significantly reduced in aged BESTO mice. Furthermore, NMN administration restores enhanced GSIS and improved glucose tolerance in the aged BESTO females, suggesting that Sirt1 activity decreases with advanced age due to a decline in systemic NAD biosynthesis. These findings provide insight into the age-dependent regulation of Sirt1 activity and suggest that enhancement of systemic NAD biosynthesis and Sirt1 activity in tissues such as beta cells may be an effective therapeutic intervention for age-associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Structural and Immunochemical Characterization of the Type VIII Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharide (1996)

The type VIII capsular polysaccharide has been isolated and purified from a newly described strain of group B Streptococcus which is a leading cause of sepsis and neonatal meningitis in Japan. The polysaccharide contains D-glucose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio 1:1:1:1. By means of high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and homo- and heterocorrelated NMR, the repeating unit structure of the type VIII polysaccharide was delineated as the following, [formula: see text] Enzymatic studies established this polysaccharide as the first from which sialic acid, linked to a branched beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue, is known to be removed by bacterial neuraminidase.
DNA Interaction and Photocleavage Properties of Porphyrins Containing Cationic Substituents at the Peripheral Position (1998)

A series of mono- and disubstituted cationic porphyrins (1-8) were synthesized and investigated for their ability to bind and cleave DNA in the presence of light. In these porphyrins, the cationic substituents were introduced at various peripheral positions, i.e., the non-meso positions of the porphyrin system. The modes of binding of these porphyrins to DNA were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and an unwinding assay. The intrinsic binding constants Kb of these porphyrins to calf thymus DNA was found to be in the range 10(4)-10(5) M-1. Two of the zinc(II) complexes of non-meso-substituted cationic porphyrins (5 and 8) were found to bind to DNA via intercalation, which is in contrast to the previously reported outside-binding mode for the Zn(II) complexes of meso-substituted cationic porphyrins. Except for monocationic porphyrin 1 and Ni(II) dicationic porphyrin 6, all the other porphyrins were found to be efficient photocleavers of DNA. The DNA photocleavage characteristics of this series of cationic porphyrins were found to depend on the structural characteristics of the poprhyrins such as (a) length of the side chain of the cationic substituents (2 vs 4), (b) the position of the side chain on the porphyrin ring (4 vs 7), and (c) the presence of the chelating metal in 3, 5, and 8 as compared to the nonmetallo porphyrins 2, 4, and 7, respectively.
New Information Systems Promise the Benefits of the Information Age to the Drilling Industry (1998)

Abstract The Information Highway, although now ubiquitous in the workplace and many homes, has been slow to pave its way to drilling rigs. The levels of networked efficiency that other industries and academia currently enjoy are migrating to upstream oil and gas industry operations. Once these connections are made, meaningful information can be networked to all appropriate parties involved in the well drilling program. The resulting real-time improvement in well knowledge can dramatically improve the efficiency of wellsite operations. Some progress has already been made as telecommunications, e-mail and even teleconferencing now appear on some of the larger platforms and drilling rigs. The latest information technology advances increase communication efficiency from the rig to the office, but fall short of the potential benefit that could be achieved with the implementation of real-time well site networking. This paper explores the possibilities of cost effective, real-time networking between the wellsite and all interested parties involved in the optimization of the well construction process. The paper first sets the scene by revisiting and discussing current and prior efforts to increase drilling efficiency using information systems. The authors then comment on industry barriers that are currently stifling information system proliferation in the exploration and drilling arenas, and explore possible ways to overcome these barriers. The paper then details a newly implemented information system which uses existing rig monitoring systems and intranet technologies, and thus offers a cost effective and intuitive information analysis network for the drilling operation. The paper concludes by describing the revolution that awaits the industry as information technologies re-engineer the drilling operation, as we know it today. P. 337
Glycyrrhizic acid ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. (2019)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major pathological issue characterized by serious inflammatory response, and a major clinically critical illness with high morbidity and mortality. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a major bioactive constituent isolated from traditional Chinese herb licorice, which has been reported to have positive effects on inflammation. Nevertheless, the effects of GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ALI in mice have not been reported. The purpose of our study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on ALI treated by LPS and to elucidate its possible mechanisms. We found that GA significantly attenuated lung injury and decreased the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and HMGB1 with LPS treatment. GA induced autophagy which was showed by enhanced number of autophagosomes through upregulating the protein levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin-1 and downregulating SQSTM1/P62. Moreover, pre-treatment of 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, reversed the inhibiting effects of GA on the secretion of inflammatory factors in ALI. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was associated with GA-induced autophagy under ALI induced by LPS. In conclusion, this study indicated that GA inhibited the production of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced ALI by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related autophagy, which may provide a novel therapeutic perspective of GA in ameliorating ALI.