gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment with Ibuprofen Augments Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor- , Interleukin-6, and Elastase during Acute Endotoxinemia (1991)

Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were monitored after intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin with or without ibuprofen pretreatment to healthy volunteers. Intravenous endotoxin (n = 7) resulted in elevated plasma TNF alpha concentrations with maximal levels at 90 min (369 +/- 44 pg/ml, P less than .001 vs. saline controls, n = 7). The rise in TNF-alpha was followed by a rise in plasma IL-6 (27 +/- 12.8 ng/ml), peaking 30-90 min thereafter. Pretreatment with ibuprofen (n = 6) caused a significant augmentation and temporal shift in cytokine elaboration with maximal TNF alpha levels (627 +/- 136 pg/ml) at 120 min and IL-6 peaks (113 +/- 66 ng/ml) at 180 min. In ibuprofen-treated volunteers, the additional increase in TNF alpha was paralleled by increased levels of circulating elastase. In vitro experiments suggest a causal relationship between these events. Thus, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen blunts the clinical response to endotoxin but augments circulating cytokine levels and leukocyte degranulation.
A Morpholino Oligomer Targeting Highly Conserved Internal Ribosome Entry Site Sequence Is Able To Inhibit Multiple Species of Picornavirus (2008)

Members of the genera Enterovirus and Rhinovirus (family Picornaviridae) cause a wide range of human diseases. An established vaccine is available only for poliovirus, and no effective therapy is available for the treatment of infections caused by any pathogenic picornavirus. Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are single-stranded DNA-like antisense agents that readily enter cells. A panel of PPMO was tested for their antiviral activities against various picornaviruses. PPMO targeting conserved internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence were highly active against human rhinovirus type 14, coxsackievirus type B2, and poliovirus type 1 (PV1), reducing PV1 titers by up to 6 log(10) in cell cultures. Comparative sequence analysis led us to design a PPMO (EnteroX) targeting 22 nucleotides of IRES sequence that are perfectly conserved across greater than 99% of all human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. EnteroX reduced PV1 replication in cell culture to an extent similar to that of other IRES-specific PPMO. Resistant PV1 arose in cell cultures after 12 passages in the presence of EnteroX and were found to have two mutations within the EnteroX target sequence. Nevertheless, cPVR transgenic mice treated once daily by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with EnteroX before and/or after i.p. infection with 3 x 10(8) PFU (three times the 50% lethal dose) of PV1 had an approximately 80% higher rate of survival than the controls. The viral titer in tissues taken at day 5 postinfection showed that animals in the EnteroX-treated group averaged over 3, 4, and 5 log(10) less virus in the small intestine, spinal cord, and brain, respectively, than the amount in the control animals. These results suggest that EnteroX may have broad therapeutic potential against entero- and rhinoviruses.
Fragmentation of monoclonal antibodies (2011)

Fragmentation is a degradation pathway ubiquitously observed in proteins despite the remarkable stability of peptide bond; proteins differ only by how much and where cleavage occurs. The goal of this review is to summarize reports regarding the non-enzymatic fragmentation of the peptide backbone of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The sites in the polypeptide chain susceptible to fragmentation are determined by a multitude of factors. Insights are provided on the intimate chemical mechanisms that can make some bonds prone to cleavage due to the presence of specific side-chains. In addition to primary structure, the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures have a significant impact in modulating the distribution of cleavage sites by altering local flexibility, accessibility to solvent or bringing in close proximity side chains that are remote in sequence. This review focuses on cleavage sites observed in the constant regions of mAbs, with special emphasis on hinge fragmentation. The mechanisms responsible for backbone cleavage are strongly dependent on pH and can be catalyzed by metals or radicals. The distribution of cleavage sites are different under acidic compared to basic conditions, with fragmentation rates exhibiting a minimum in the pH range 5 to 6; therefore, the overall fragmentation pattern observed for a mAb is a complex result of structural and solvent conditions. A critical review of the techniques used to monitor fragmentation is also presented; usually a compromise has to be made between a highly sensitive method with good fragment separation and the capability to identify the cleavage site. The effect of fragmentation on the function of a mAb must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis depending on whether cleavage sites are observed in the variable or constant regions, and on the mechanism of action of the molecule.
Human circulating monocytes as multipotential progenitors (2007)

Circulating monocytes are believed to be committed precursors for phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Recently, we have reported a primitive human cell population called monocyte-derived multipotential cells (MOMC), which has a fibroblast-like morphology and a unique phenotype positive for CD14, CD45, CD34, and type I collagen. This novel cell type exhibits mixed morphologic and phenotypic features of monocytes, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells. MOMC are derived from circulating CD14+ monocytes, and their differentiation requires binding to fibronectin and exposure to one or more soluble factors derived from peripheral blood CD14- cells. MOMC contain progenitors with capacity to differentiate into a variety of non-phagocytes, including bone, cartilage, fat, skeletal and cardiac muscle, neuron, and endothelium. Recent studies by others have also described several distinct human cell populations that are originated from circulating monocytes and have capacity to differentiate into non-phagocytes. These observations together indicate that circulating monocytes are more multipotential than previously thought. In addition, cell transplantation therapies using circulating monocytes are a potential approach for tissue regeneration.
Innovations in Subcutaneous Infusions (2015)

Parenteral drug delivery is an essential part of patient care. The subcutaneous (SC) route is easily accessed, is more cost-effective, and provides increased convenience for the patient than the other parenteral methods. The pharmacokinetic profile of medications delivered SC reflect bioavailabilities similar to intravenous (IV) delivery. The coadministration of human recombinant hyaluronidase with SC medications enhances the maximum concentration and time to maximum concentration to more closely mimic drugs delivered by the IV route. Pharmaceutical companies are studying and successfully developing new formulations of current medications for delivery via the SC route.
Contrast signal-to-noise ratio for image quality assessment (2005)

Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is commonly used as an objective quality metric in signal processing. However, PSNR correlates poorly with the subjective quality rating. In this paper, we propose a new metric using contrast signal-to-noise ratio (CSNR), which measures the ratio of the contrast information level of distorted signal to the contrast level of the error signal. The performance of the proposed method has been verified using a database of images compressed with JPEG and JPEG 2000. The results show that it can achieve very good correlation with the subjective mean opinion scores in terms of prediction accuracy, monotonicity and consistency.
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplementation of Milk Replacer on Preweaning Performance of Calves (1996)

Forty Holstein-Friesian calves were used to evaluate the effect on young calves of daily dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Calves were randomly assigned at 2 d of age to one of two treatments; 1) milk replacer with no additives or 2) milk replacer supplemented with 1 ml (5 x 10(7)) of viable L. acidophilus bacteria at each of two feedings per day. Milk replacer was reconstituted to 12% DM and fed at 10% of BW/d for the duration of the 6-wk trial. A commercial starter pellet was offered for ad libitum intake from 7 d of age. Treatment had no effect on actual BW at any stage or on total BW gain; however, average daily gain during wk 2 was affected by L. acidophilus supplementation. Calves receiving L. acidophilus maintained initial BW, and the control calves lost BW until 2 wk of age, at an average rate of 112 g/d. Starter intake, total DMI, feed efficiency, and occurrence of diarrhea were unaffected by treatment. Therefore, L. acidophilus supplementation for calves fed milk replacer may be beneficial during the first 2 wk of life.
Multispectral Iris Analysis: A Preliminary Study51 (2006)

This paper explores the possibility of using multispectral iris information to enhance the recognition performance of an iris biometric system. Commercial iris recognition systems typically sense the iridal reflection pertaining to the near-infrared (IR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This work examines the iris information represented in the visible and IR portion of the spectrum. It is hypothesized that, based on the color of the eye, different components of the iris are highlighted at multiple wavelengths. To this end, an acquisition procedure for obtaining co-registered multispectral iris images associated with the IR, Red, Green and Blue wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, is first discussed. The components of the iris that are revealed in multiple spectral channels/wavelengths based on the color of the eye are studied. An adaptive histogram equalization scheme is invoked to enhance the iris structure. The performance of iris recognition across multiple wavelengths is next evaluated. Experiments indicate the potential of using multispectral information to enhance the performance of iris recognition systems.
Idrott som kulturell maktfaktor : [Sport, culture and history: region, nation and globe, av Brian Stoddart] (2010)

Idrott som kulturell maktfaktor : [Sport, culture and history: region, nation and globe, av Brian Stoddart]
Studies in Gastrointestinal Interactions (1973)

Johansson, Catja. Studies in gastrointestinal interactions. IV. Gastric emptying of a composite meal in man. The influence of glucose. Scand. J. Gastroent. 1973, 8, 533-39.Gastric emptying of a fluid standard test meal made up of milk protein, fat, and lactose was investigated in 7 healthy subjects and the effect of the addition of 10 per cent glucose to the meal was examined. Following the glucose-free meal the emptying of water, protein, and fat into the duodenum was constant after an early, short rapid phase. The pattern of emptying for lactose was exponential. After addition of glucose the emptying of the meal could be divided into two separate phases, an initial characterized by a constant transfer of sugar and comparatively small amounts of water, protein, and fat, and a second coinciding in rates and patterns with those of the glucose-free meals. The various food components were emptied with different patterns and rates. The results suggest that several mechanisms operate to control the gastric emptying rate during the course of emptying a composite meal.
SERS-Encoded Nanogapped Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Growth of Metallic Nanoshell by Templating Redox-Active Polymer Brushes (2014)

We report a new strategy to synthesize core-shell metal nanoparticles with an interior, Raman tag-encoded nanogap by taking advantage of nanoparticle-templated self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers and localized metal precursor reduction by redox-active polymer brushes. Of particular interest for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is that the nanogap size can be tailored flexibly, with the sub-2 nm nanogap leading to the highest SERS enhancement. Our results have further demonstrated that surface functionalization of the nanogapped Au nanoparticles with aptamer targeting ligands allows for specific recognition and ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells. The general applicability of this new synthetic strategy, coupled with recent advances in controlled wet-chemical synthesis of functional nanocrystals, opens new avenues to multifunctional core-shell nanoparticles with integrated optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
Solubilized, Spaced Polyalanines:  A Context-Free System for Determining Amino Acid α-Helix Propensities (2002)

The logical design principles behind a system of properly water-solubilized, spaced polyalanines are presented. Peptides conforming to these design principles are shown to be unaggregated, and their helical properties as measured by the circular dichroism (CD) residue ellipticity at 222 nm, [theta](222), are shown to be dependent upon the lengths of their alanine regions. It is further demonstrated that CD contributions of the alanine cores are independent of the CD contributions attributable to other features of the peptides. The CD response of these polyalanines to variations in temperature and salt or denaturant concentration is described. CD data for a series of peptides with Ala(n) cores varying in length from 12 to 45 residues are presented that allow calculation of the helical propensity, w(Ala), in a purely alanine context. Mathematical modeling of these unprecedented data reveals the insufficiency of currently accepted literature helicity modeling parameters. A modification to the standard Lifson-Roig algorithm is introduced based on hydrogen-bonding cooperativity.
Pulmonary Lymphangitis Carcinomatosaand Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Presentationof Choledochal Cyst (1998)

Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa is an unusual cause of death in a young adult. This case describes an apparently healthy young woman who presented with severe acute pancreatitis, which is a recognized complication of a choledochal cyst. Autopsy examination revealed advanced malignancy with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma penetrating the wall of the choledochal cyst and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the lymph nodes, lungs and kidneys. This case emphasises the unusual presentation of a choledochal cyst with acute pancreatitis and the aggressive nature of malignancy associated with this congenital anomaly.
Structural basis for high-affinity actin binding revealed by a β-III-spectrin SCA5 missense mutation (2017)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, a SCA5 mutation resulting in a leucine-to-proline substitution (L253P) in the actin-binding domain (ABD) was shown to cause a 1000-fold increase in actin-binding affinity. However, the structural basis for this increase is unknown. Here, we report a 6.9 Å cryo-EM structure of F-actin complexed with the L253P ABD. This structure, along with co-sedimentation and pulsed-EPR measurements, demonstrates that high-affinity binding caused by the CH2-localized mutation is due to opening of the two CH domains. This enables CH1 to bind actin aided by an unstructured N-terminal region that becomes α-helical upon binding. This helix is required for association with actin as truncation eliminates binding. Collectively, these results shed light on the mechanism by which β-III-spectrin, and likely similar actin-binding proteins, interact with actin, and how this mechanism can be perturbed to cause disease.
Optimization of sidewall masked isolation process (1985)

This paper presents modifications of the Sidewall Masked Isolation (SWAMI) process for VLSI device isolation which improve process reproducibility, eliminate stress induced defects, and permit flexibility in channel stop implant optimization. A novel "undercut-and-backfill" technique is introduced to eliminate a localized failure mechanism of the oxidation mask by increasing the strength of the nitride-to-nitride joint. The primary variable influencing stress-induced defect generation is the vertical length of the sidewall nitride mask as determined by the amount of recessed silicon etch prior to sidewall nitride formation. In general, a maximum length can be found below which defect-free structures can be fabricated. An optional second recessed silicon etch, following the formation of the sidewall nitride, has been developed which increases the flexibility in optimizing the channel stop implantation. Defect-free low-leakage devices with near-zero electrical channel width reduction have been obtained.
Structure Elucidation and Botanical Characterization of Diterpenes from a Specific Type of Bee Glue (2017)

Investigation of the single plant source bee glue type originating from Southern Australia resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of major serrulatane diterpenes, novel 7,8,18-trihydroxyserrulat-14-ene (<b>1</b>), along with its oxidized product, 5,18-epoxyserrulat-14-en-7,8-dione (<b>3</b>) and known (18<i>RS</i>)-5,18-epoxyserrulat-14-en-8,18-diol (<b>2</b>). Exploration into the botanical origin revealed <i>Myoporum insulare</i> R. Br, as the plant source of the bee glue materials. This discovery was made through comparative analysis of the myoporum bee glue samples collected from the beehives, analyses of plant resinous exudate, and resin carried on the hind legs of bees foraging for bee glue.
Overexpression of Periostin in Stroma Positively Associated with Aggressive Prostate Cancer (2015)

The results showed that periostin staining was positively correlated with increasing Gleason score and the aggressiveness of prostate disease.
Haptic Rendering of Point Set Surfaces (2007)

We present a haptic rendering algorithm for a point set surface. Given a point set, its point set surface is an implicit surface defined by local projection of point sets using the moving least square (MLS) method. Our haptic algorithm is a penalty-based method which requires a calculation of the minimum distance between the haptic interaction point (HIP) and point set surfaces. Thus, a rapid calculation of this distance is the main ingredient of our haptic rendering algorithm. As preprocess, our algorithm builds a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) of swept sphere volumes (SSV)for each of given point sets. Here, the SSV is defined as volume swept by a moving sphere. Then, at run-time, we find a pair of closest points between the point set and HIP using a SSV hierarchy. We attempt to further refine the distance by projecting the closest pair of point to its local point set surface by using the MLS projection. In order to execute the MLS projection, we need to find points in a local neighborhood of the closest point pair. We again use the SSV hierarchy to find the neighborhood by performing collision detection between a sphere, defining the local neighborhood, and the SSV hierarchy. This results in a highly fast and reliable calculation of closest surface distance between the point set model and HIP. In practice, our algorithm takes 0.2 ~ 0.3 msec to calculate haptic feedback for a point set consisting of more than 24K points
Viable Purified Islets of Langerhans From Collagenase-Perfused Human Pancreas (1989)

Human islets of Langerhans were isolated with the principles of collagenase perfusion via the pancreatic duct and gentle dissociation of tissue. The number of islets released was 161 x 10(3), distributed as 76 x 10(3) large (greater than 100-micron) and 85 x 10(3) small (less than 100-micron) islets. Recovery after Ficoll-gradient purification was 61% for the large islets and 42% for the small islets. The final islet volume was 240 microliter, with purity of 70-90% (large islets) and 20-40% (small islets). Perifusion with glucose elicited a biphasic release of insulin, with the response rising sixfold from basal secretion. Implantation of pure islets under the kidney capsule of normal or streptozocin-induced diabetic nude mice resulted in human C-peptide secretion and partial or complete reversal of hyperglycemia, confirmed by histological recovery. The data show that these methods provide large quantities of viable purified human islets.
T-cell antigenic sites tend to be amphipathic structures. (1985)

We propose, on the basis of physical chemical and biological requirements for T-cell activation by antigen, that sites on a protein that can stimulate T lymphocytes will be capable of forming a stable amphipathic structure (i.e., one with separated hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces), displaying periodicity in hydrophobic residues. A spectral analysis of the 12 antigenic sites to which the method could be applied indicates that the amphipathic periodicity hypothesis is valid for 10 of them, generally with reliabilities that are well above 98%, with periodicities compatible with an alpha-helical structure. An 11th case manifests a different type of amphipathicity. The analyses require only a knowledge of amino acid sequence. The finding that T-cell antigenic sites show a high correlation with amphipathicity greatly simplifies the search for such sites and is potentially important for vaccine development.
Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long‐term lithium treatment: a meta‐analytic review (2006)

Risks of completed and attempted suicide were consistently lower, by approximately 80%, during treatment of bipolar and other major affective disorder patients with lithium for an average of 18 months. These benefits were sustained in randomized as well as open clinical trials.
Discovery of Highly Potent, Selective, and Efficacious Small Molecule Inhibitors of ERK1/2 (2015)

Using structure-based design, a novel series of pyridone ERK1/2 inhibitors was developed. Optimization led to the identification of (S)-14k, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable agent that inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. On the basis of its in vivo efficacy and preliminary safety profiles, (S)-14k was selected for further preclinical evaluation.
Differences in the bioactivity of recombinant human TNF, LT, and T-cell-derived LT-3 on transformed cells in vitro and the Meth A tumor growing in BALB/c mice. (1988)

Cytolytic human T cells and the continuous human T cell line YM 1.2 can secrete a lymphotoxin (LT) form, termed LT-3, when stimulated in vitro. LT-3 is immunologically related to, but functionally distinct from, both alpha LT and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Purified, native LT-3 and recombinant human LT and TNF were tested for their ability to destroy a panel of primary and continuous cell lines in vitro and cause necrosis of 8- to 9-day cutaneous Meth A tumors growing in BALB/c mice. LT-3 is more effective than either LT or TNF in inducing destruction of continuous cell lines in vitro. LT-3 induces destruction of cell lines that are resistant to both TNF and LT, and much less LT-3 is required to destroy cells that are LT and/or TNF sensitive. In contrast, none of these mediators had any measurable negative effects when tested on primary human fibroblasts. Additional studies revealed that LT-3 is also active in vivo and can cause necrosis of cutaneous Meth A tumors when administered intraperitoneally or intratumorally on BALB/c mice. LT-3 induces more rapid, consistent, and complete tumor necrosis than equivalent doses of either LT or TNF.