gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia vera. (2004)

Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood cell mass. The resultant hyperviscosity of the blood predisposes such patients to thrombosis. Polycythemia vera should be suspected in patients with elevated hemoglobin or hematocrit levels, splenomegaly, or portal venous thrombosis. Secondary causes of increased red blood cell mass (e.g., heavy smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, renal disease) are more common than polycythemia vera and must be excluded. Diagnosis is made using criteria developed by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group; major criteria include elevated red blood cell mass, normal oxygen saturation, and palpable splenomegaly. Untreated patients may survive for six to 18 months, whereas adequate treatment may extend life expectancy to more than 10 years. Treatment includes phlebotomy with the possible addition of myelosuppressive agents based on a risk-stratified approach. Agents under investigation include interferon alfa-2b, anagrelide, and aspirin. Consultation with a hematologist is recommended.
Cytoplasmic control of nuclear assembly (1999)

The reconstitution of a replication-competent, transcriptionally active nucleus following mitosis, fertilization or nuclear transplantation involves a stepwise series of reactions, most (if not all) of which are controlled by the cytoplasmic environment. This review discusses the nature of cytoplasmic contributions to the development of the male pronucleus at fertilization, and the effect of altering the cytoplasmic environment on nuclear assembly. The system used to investigate these regulations consists of permeabilized sea urchin sperm nuclei incubated under controlled conditions in a cell-free extract of fertilized sea urchin eggs. (1) In egg cytoplasmic extract, male pronuclear formation is initiated by the disassembly of the sperm nuclear lamina as a result of lamin phosphorylation by a cytosolic protein kinase C. (2) Sperm histones are phosphorylated by an as yet unidentified soluble kinase. (3) The conical sperm nucleus decondenses into a spherical pronucleus in an ATP-and cytosolic pH-dependent manner. (4) Chromatin decondensation is associated with the replacement of sperm histones by maternal histones. (5) Nuclear membranes form by ATP-dependent binding of vesicles to chromatin and GTP-dependent fusion of these vesicles to one another. (6) Three cytoplasmic vesicle populations with distinct biochemical, chromatin-binding and fusion properties are required for nuclear envelope assembly. (7) Targeting of the bulk of nuclear membrane vesicles to chromatin is mediated by an integral membrane protein similar to human lamin B receptor. (8) The last step of male pronuclear formation, nuclear swelling, is promoted by the assembly of nuclear pores, nuclear import of soluble lamins and growth of the nuclear membranes. (9) Once inside the nucleus, lamin B associates with lamin B receptors, presumably to tether the inner nuclear membrane with the lamina. Overall, these processes are similar to those characterizing nuclear reconstitution after mitosis in somatic cells or nuclear remodeling following transplantation into oocytes or eggs. The influence of the egg cytoplasmic environment on some aspects of nuclear remodeling after nuclear transplantation is also discussed.
Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass (1997)

Conversion of the fermentable sugars residing in lignocellulosic waste and energy crops can conservatively yield approximately 100 billion gallons of fuel-grade ethanol per year in the United States alone. However, the cellulosic biomass-to-alcohol bioconversion process must be proven economical before industry can commercialize this technology. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fuels Development supports a program to develop a commercially viable process for producing ethanol transportation fuel from renewable biomass resources. Bioconversion technologies developed to date take advantage of a diverse array of pretreatments, followed by enzymatic or chemical saccharification, and fermentation. Progress during recent years in pretreatment and fermentation technologies promises to significantly improve overall process economics. Examples include the development of two-stage dilute acid, nitric acid/mechanical disruption, and countercurrent percolation pretreatments. Recently developed, genetically engineered ethanologens also promise to improve process economics and include Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces sp., and Zymomonas mobilis. These microorganisms reportedly ferment xylose and glucose mixtures with high efficiency. This review presents an up-to-date picture of the advanced technology aspects of unit operations key to successful biomass-to-ethanol processing plants with speculation about future focus in this field by NREL researchers.
Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project: prognostic significance of erbB-2 protein overexpression in primary breast cancer. (1990)

In order to investigate the prognostic significance of erbB-2 overexpression, immunohistochemical staining for the erbB-2 protein was performed on sections from paraffin blocks of 292 primary invasive breast cancers obtained from women enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) protocol B-06. Positive reaction indicative of erbB-2 overexpression was observed on tumor cells in 62 (21%) samples. Women whose cancers were judged to have erbB-2 overexpression had a significantly worse overall survival (P = .0012) with twice the mortality rate of women without detectable erbB-2 expression. No statistically significant effect was evident for disease-free survival (P = .22). In multivariate analysis, detection of erbB-2 overexpression was the second most predictive independent variable for survival after nodal status. Overexpression of erbB-2 was more common among tumors of poor nuclear grade (29%) than those of good nuclear grade (12%). The association of erbB-2 overexpression with decreased survival was evident only among women with tumors of good nuclear grade. In this subgroup, erbB-2 overexpression was associated with an approximately fivefold increase in mortality rate (P = .00001). The combined predictive value of erbB-2 overexpression and nuclear grade was evident regardless of their lymph node status. These results provide evidence that detection of erbB-2 overexpression may be an independent prognostic variable for patient survival. Moreover, when combined with evaluation of nuclear grade, it may be possible to use immunostaining for erbB-2 protein to identify patients at increased risk from within a relatively low-risk group.
A Double‐Blind, Multiple‐Dose, Placebo‐Controlled, Cross‐Over Study to Compare the Incidence of Gastrointestinal Complaints in Healthy Subjects Given Doryx R and Vibramycin R (1988)

Ninety-eight healthy subjects completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose cross-over study to compare the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects of Doryx (Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ) capsules (enteric-coated doxycycline hyclate pellets) and Vibramycin (Pfizer, New York, NY) capsules (doxycycline hyclate powder). Doryx produced statistically significantly fewer episodes of nausea, vomiting, stomach of abdominal discomfort, and decreased appetite than did Vibramycin. For every symptom, Vibramycin produced statistically significantly more symptom reports than did placebo. Although Doryx produced significantly more reports of nausea than did placebo, there was no significant difference for the other symptoms. Based on these results, Doryx is superior to Vibramycin when considering the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.
Expression of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Brain Tumors1 (2000)

Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and its activity have been demonstrated in human normal brain. Although DII activity has been demonstrated in brain tumors, expression of DII mRNA has not been studied in these tumors. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the expression of DII activity in brain tumors, we studied DII mRNA and DII activity in astrocytoma (two cases), glioblastoma (three cases), and oligodendroglioma (one case). DII mRNA, the size of which was indistinguishable from that in control cerebral cortical tissue, was demonstrated in all of the brain tumors tested, although the intensity of the hybridization signal showed wide variation among the tumors. DII activity was also detected in all tumors. DII mRNA and DII activity were highest in the tissue from oligodendroglioma. A significantly positive correlation was observed between DII mRNA and DII activity in these tumors (r = 0.94; P < 0.01), suggesting that DII expression in brain tumors is regulated at the pretranslational level. The present results demonstrate, for the first time, that DII mRNA as well as DII activity are expressed in brain tumors, and that DII mRNA is significantly correlated with DII activity in those tissues.
Electron-beam CT: use of a calibration phantom to reduce variability in calcium quantitation. (1995)

Scanner and patient variations in CT numbers in electron-beam CT can be reduced with a calibration phantom. In vitro and in vivo estimates of calcium concentration had a precision of 2% and 7%, respectively.
Tumor necrosis factor-induced reversal of adipocytic phenotype of 3T3-L1 cells is preceded by a loss of nuclear CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as a model for studying the effects of systemic inflammation on adipose tissue. Lipopolysaccharide-treated monocyte-conditioned medium or recombinant human TNF alpha induced morphological dedifferentiation of the adipocytes and led to loss of adipocyte specific gene expression. Gel shift, Southwestern and Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that dedifferentiation was preceded by a decrease in the DNA binding activity and protein level of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). Liver activating protein, a related protein that binds identical DNA sequences, increased during cytokine treatment. Both proteins activate specific enhancer elements located in the promoter region of many genes whose transcription is altered during systemic inflammation. Pulse-chase labeling followed by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that C/EBP is a rapidly turning over protein in adipocytes and that cytokine treatment led to a specific, time dependent decrease in its rate of synthesis. Because C/EBP binding sites have been shown to play an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in adipocyte metabolism, we propose that the TNF-induced changes in the complement of transcription factors binding those sites may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced atrophy of adipose tissue.
Presenilin expression in the ocular lens (1998)

PS expression, together with betaAPP and Abeta proteins, all associated with age-related degenerative disease, are expressed in lens and might contribute to cataractogenesis.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-vallesamidine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-vallesamidineClayton H. Heathcock, Mark H. Norman, and Dan A. DickmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3, 798–811Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00290a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1732Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Influence Of Adjuvant On The Therapeutic Efficacy Of A Recombinant Genital Herpes Vaccine (1994)

The potential use of vaccines for treatment of chronic or persistent virus infections is an area of great interest and controversy. Previous experiments have shown that the incidence and severity of spontaneous recurrent genital herpes in latently infected guinea pigs could be significantly reduced by vaccination with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein subunit vaccines. The current study shows the critical role of adjuvant in an effective formulation. Immunization of previously infected guinea pigs with a subunit vaccine containing a muramyl peptide derivative, MTP-PE, in a low-oil emulsion as adjuvant reduced the incidence of recurrent disease up to 80% compared with formulations lacking MPT-PE. Vaccines containing adjuvant alone failed to modify recurrences. Alum, the traditional adjuvant, was not effective. Glycoprotein subunit vaccines elicited high-titer ELISA and neutralizing antibody responses far greater than those generated by virus infection. However, neither antibody titers nor lymphoproliferative responses reproducibly correlated with the pattern of recurrent disease.
Role of FliC and FliD Flagellar Proteins of Clostridium difficile in Adherence and Gut Colonization (2001)

In vitro and in vivo adhesive properties of flagella and recombinant flagellin FliC and flagellar cap FliD proteins of Clostridium difficile were analyzed. FliC, FliD, and crude flagella adhered in vitro to axenic mouse cecal mucus. Radiolabeled cultured cells bound to a high degree to FliD and weakly to flagella deposited on a membrane. The tissue association in the mouse cecum of a nonflagellated strain was 10-fold lower than that of a flagellated strain belonging to the same serogroup, confirming the role of flagella in adherence.
Biosynthesis of porphyrins and related macrocycles. Part I. Synthesis of 14C-labelled pyrromethanes (1973)

The biosynthetic problem posed by the macrocycle of the natural porphyrins, chlorins, and corrins is outlined together with the approaches being used for its solution. Routes are developed as follows for rational synthesis of the labelled (aminomethyl)pyrromethanes (6) and (7), which are of importance for incorporation studies on haem, protoporphyrin-IX, and vitamin B12. An improved sequence affords porphobilinogen lactam methyl ester (16) labelled in the propionic ester residue. The 5-(chloromethyl)pyrrole (24) is synthesised carrying 14C-labels at the C-4 methylene and C-5 methylene groups. A similar synthesis yields the labelled isomeric (chloromethyl)pyrrole (52). These three building blocks are used for synthesis of the pyrromethane lactams (27) and (55) of proven homogeneity labelled specifically with carbon-14 in the side-chains and at the bridge methylene group. Hydrolysis of the lactams affords the labelled (aminomethyl)pyrromethanes (6) and (7).
3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl group: A new protecting group for the guanosine residue during oligonucleotide synthesis. (1984)

The protection of the O6-amide group of deoxyguanosine with the 3, 4-methoxybenzyl group is described. This protecting group could be introduced effectively and was readily removed with DDQ. This was used to demonstrate the synthesis of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide.
[Observation on the effect of disinfection to HBsAg by electrolyzed oxidizing water]. (2001)

EOW was effective in destroying HBsAg which could be used for gastroscope disinfection.
ALTERATIONS IN OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY (1984)

INTRODucnON ... ......... .. . .. ........ ... ........ . .. .. ... .. ... . ......... .. ........ . 238 Structure oj the Cell Envelope 238 Uptake Arross the Outer Membrane 239 Intrinsic,Dejects in Outer Membrane Permeability in So.me Bacteria . .... ..... .. .... .. 241 MUTATIONAL ALTERATIONS IN OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITy ......... 241 Porin-Deficient Mutants 242 Adaptatio'n and Resistance to Antibiotics .. . . . .. ..... : .. .. ...... .... .. ...... .. .. ...... .. .... . 243 Antibiotic-Supersensitive Mutants 246 LPS Altel 'ations 247 Other M�!tational Alterations 248 ENHANCEMENT OF OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY BY CHEMICALS AND ANTIBIOTICS 249 EDTA ..... . ....... ..... ... ... ..... ...... .. . ....... . .. .... ........ ... 249 Polymyxil' ls . ... . ..... ..... . ......... .... .. ... .. .. ..... . . ........ . . . . . : 252 Aminoglycosides .. ..... ...... , ,. 253 Tris . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ......... . . .... . ...... 253 co2+ Pretreatment and DNA Upt(lke ..... .. .... . ..... ..... ........ .. . ..... .... ....... .. . 254 Serum and/or Complement 255 Bactericil wll Permeabilityofncreasing Protein from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. . .. . . ...... . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . . ..... . . . . . ... . . . . ... . 255 ENERGIZATION STATE AND HYDROPHOBIC PERMEABILITy 256
The pathology of the substantia nigra in Alzheimer disease with extrapyramidal signs (2005)

Clinically detected extrapyramidal signs (EPS) in Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with substantia nigra pathology including alpha-synuclein aggregation, hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation, and neuron loss that may account for the increasing prevalence of EPS as AD progresses. In some cases, limited nigral pathology suggests extranigral factors in the clinical symptoms of EPS.
CW HI laser based on a stationary inverted lyman population formed from incandescently heated hydrogen gas with certain group I catalysts (2003)

Each of the ionization of Rb/sup +/ and cesium and an electron transfer between two K/sup +/ ions (K/sup +//K/sup +/) provide a reaction with a net enthalpy of an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV. The corresponding Group I nitrates provide these reactants as volatilized ions directly or as atoms by undergoing decomposition or reduction to the corresponding metal. The presence of each of the reactants identified as providing an enthalpy of reaction of an integer of that of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen (m/spl middot/27.2 eV) formed a low applied temperature, extremely low-voltage plasma called a resonance transfer (RT)-plasma having strong vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission. In contrast, magnesium and aluminum atoms or ions do not ionize at integer multiples of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen. Mg(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ or Al(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ did not form a plasma and caused no emission. For further characterization, we recorded the width of the 6563 /spl Aring/ Balmer /spl alpha/ line on light emitted from RT-plasmas. Significant line broadening of 18, 12, and 12 eV was observed from an RT-plasma of hydrogen with KNO/sub 3/, RbNO/sub 3/, and CsNO/sub 3/, respectively, compared to 3 eV from a hydrogen microwave plasma. These results could not be explained by Stark or thermal broadening or electric field acceleration of charged species since the measured field of the incandescent heater was extremely weak, 1 V/cm, corresponding to a broadening of much less than 1 eV. Rather the source of the excessive line broadening is consistent with that of the observed VUV emission, an energetic reaction caused by a resonance energy transfer between hydrogen atoms and K/sup +//K/sup +/, Rb/sup +/, and cesium, which serve as catalysts. KNO/sub 3/ and RbNO/sub 3/ formed the most intense plasma. Remarkably, a stationary inverted Lyman population was observed in the case of an RT-plasma formed with potassium and rubidium catalysts. These catalytic reactions may pump a continuous wave HI laser as predicted by laser equations and a collisional radiative model used to determine that the observed overpopulation was above threshold.
TGMS: An object‐oriented system for programming geometry (1989)

Abstract TGMS (tiered geometric modelling system) is an experimental system intended to reduce the difficulty and cost of developing new solid modelling applications while preserving investment in an existing, time‐tested, solid modeller. The application developer writes programs in the TGMS language, which consists of a base language augmented by data types (classes) for geometry. The base programming language is AML/X, an object‐oriented language intended for use in design and manufacturing applications. Solid modelling is done using an interface to GDP (geometric design processor), an existing, production‐quality solid modelling system. TGMS shows how a system written in a non‐object‐oriented language can be used as a base for an object‐oriented application programming environment. This paper presents the design of TGMS and discusses important aspects of its implementation. The TGMS language defines classes and methods that provide an interface to functions and data represented in a non‐object‐oriented language. To implement TGMS, issues related to communication, storage management and consistency were addressed. These, and other, implementation issues are discussed. The paper includes sample programs and a summary of feedback from TGMS users. It concludes that the use of object‐oriented programming for geometry has many benefits, and that an object‐oriented system can be built on top of a non‐object‐oriented system at less cost than building the equivalent object‐oriented system from scratch.
Novel hole-transporting materials based on 1,4-bis(carbazolyl)benzene for organic light-emitting devices (2004)

Novel hole-transporting molecules containing 1,4-bis(carbazolyl)benzene as a central unit and different numbers of diphenylamine moieties as the peripheral groups have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds are thermally stable with high glass transition temperatures of 141–157 °C and exhibit chemically reversible redox processes. Their amorphous state stability and hole transport properties can be significantly improved by increasing the number of diphenylamine moieties in the outer part and by controlling the symmetry of the carbazole-based molecules. These compounds can be used as good hole-transporting materials for organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The device performance based on tri- and tetra-substituted carbazole derivatives is comparable to that of a typical 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPB)-based device.
Enhancing functional production of G protein‐coupled receptors in Pichia pastoris to levels required for structural studies via a single expression screen (2006)

We have optimized the expression level of 20 mammalian G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. We found that altering expression parameters, including growth temperature, and supplementation of the culture medium with specific GPCR ligands, histidine, and DMSO increased the amount of functional receptor, as assessed by ligand binding, by more than eightfold over standard expression conditions. Unexpectedly, we found that the overall amount of GPCR proteins expressed, in most cases, varied only marginally between standard and optimized expression conditions. Accordingly, the optimized expression conditions resulted in a marked fractional increase in the ratio of ligand binding-competent receptor to total expressed receptor. The results of this study suggest a general approach for increasing yields of functional mammalian GPCRs severalfold over standard expression conditions by using a set of optimized expression condition parameters that we have characterized for the Pichia expression system. Overall, we have more than doubled the number of GPCR targets that can be produced in our laboratories in sufficient amounts for structural studies.