gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear power amplifier based on 3-way Doherty amplifier with predistorter (2004)

This paper presents a 3-way Doherty amplifier with predistorter (PD) for a repeater application. It is implemented using three 60 Watts PEP silicon LDMOSFETs and tested using two-tone and one- and two-carrier down-link WCDMA signals. For the two-carrier downlink WCDMA signal, the amplifier provides -49.1 dBc adjacent-channel-leakage-ratio (ACLR) and 10.3% power-added efficiency (PAE) at an output power 40 dBm which is an improvement of 8.5 dBc in linearity and 2% in efficiency compared to a similar class-AB amplifier.
Compact microsecond pulsed magnetic field generator for application in bioelectronics (2013)

High power pulsed magnetic field generator for application in the bioelectronics area has been developed. The developed magnetic field facility is capable of generating pulsed magnetic field up to 5 T with pulse width in the microsecond range. The maximum repetitive frequency of the pulses is 40 Hz. The generator has been implemented by application of three high power thyristor switches, capacitor bank, specifically designed load coil with crowbar diode and the control circuitry. The inductive coil that has an integrated cuvette with effective volume of 2.4 μl for biological samples is presented in the study. The control algorithm of the circuitry is also overviewed in this work. Finite element analysis of the generated pulsed magnetic field and comparison to the acquired experimental pulse are performed. Potential application of the generator in the bioelectronics area of magnetoporation is discussed. Based on the results further development and improvement ways of the facility for better integration in the area of bioelectronics are proposed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.8.3266
Increasing Amounts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Progressively Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis Immediately Postpartum (2004)

Mixed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers decrease milk fat synthesis during established lactation, but their ability to cause milk fat depression (MFD) immediately postpartum remains unclear. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 19) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 doses of rumen-protected (RP) CLA supplements (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/d); each dose provided equal amounts of fatty acids by replacing and balancing treatments with an RP supplement of palm fatty acid distallate. Doses provided a total of 468 g fatty acids/d and 0, 62, 125, or 187 g of mixed CLA isomers/d, respectively. The CLA supplement contained a variety of CLA isomers: 5.4% trans-8, cis-10; 6.3% cis-9, trans-11; 7.9% trans-10, cis-12; and 8.2% cis-11, trans-13 CLA. Each group received treatments from approximately -10 to 21 d relative to calving. To improve palatability and ensure complete consumption, doses were mixed with equal amounts of steam-flaked corn and dried molasses; one-half the supplement was fed at 0600 h, and the remaining supplement was fed at 1800 h. Milk yield and individual feed intake were recorded daily, and milk samples were obtained from each cow every 2nd day (at both milkings) starting on d 1 postpartum. There were no differences in dry matter intake (17.1 kg/d), milk yield (34.2 kg/d), protein content (3.74%), lactose content (4.61%), or yield of milk protein or lactose. The CLA supplementation decreased overall milk fat content in a dose-responsive manner (4.57, 3.97, 3.32, and 3.10, respectively), and milk fat yield displayed the same progressive decline. The dose-dependent decrease in milk fat content was evident during wk 1 and became highly significant during wk 2 and 3. The milk fat yield response pattern was similar, and by d 21, the highest RP-CLA supplement decreased milk fat content and yield by 49 and 56%, respectively. These data clearly indicate RP-CLA can markedly (40 to 50%) induce MFD immediately postpartum without negatively affecting other production parameters.
Targeted Dendrimeric Anticancer Prodrug: A Methotrexate-Folic Acid-Poly(amidoamine) Conjugate and a Novel, Rapid, “One Pot” Synthetic Approach (2010)

A targeted dendrimeric anticancer prodrug, a conjugate of generation 5 (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, folic acid (FA), and methotrexate (MTX), has been successfully synthesized by using a novel "one pot" approach which is simple, reproducible, and feasible for large-scale synthesis. All dendrimer products have been characterized by (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF, GPC, and HPLC. With this new method, the ratio of FA versus MTX attached to the dendrimer can be easily tuned to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. A new analytical approach for calculating the numbers of FA and MTX attached to the dendrimer has been established. In vitro studies performed on FA receptor-expressing KB cells show that the new conjugate has a similar affinity and cytotoxic potency to G5-FA-MTX synthesized using the traditional multiple-step approach.
Improving L-arabinose utilization of pentose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by heterologous expression of L-arabinose transporting sugar transporters (2011)

Using a newly developed screening system we have identified two heterologous sugar transporters from a yeast and a plant which can support uptake and utilization of L-arabinose in L-arabinose fermenting S. cerevisiae cells, especially at low L-arabinose concentrations.
Assessment of Methods for Tissue-Based Detection of the HER-2/neu Alteration in Human Breast Cancer: A Direct Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry (2000)

IHC does not consistently discriminate patients likely to have a poor prognosis, whereas FISH provides superior prognostic information in segregating high-risk from lower-risk beast cancers. HER-2/neu protein overexpression in the absence of gene amplification occurs infrequently in breast cancer, in which case, patient outcome is similar to that of patients without the alteration.
Vaccination with a multi‐epitopic recombinant allergen induces specific immune deviation via T‐cell anergy (1997)

Prophylactic vaccination has recently emerged as a major paradigm toward the prevention and therapy of allergies and asthma; however, the immunological basis of this approach remains to be elucidated. We examined the potential and mechanism of prophylaxis of allergic response in B6D2F1 mice with a multi-epitopic recombinant allergen, rKBG8.3 (MERA-8.3), which represents a major group of allergens of grass pollens, used herein as a model of MERA vaccine. Vaccination (subcutaneous) with soluble MERA-8.3, prior to immunization with the MERA-8.3 in alum, led to suppression of the IgE antibody response and a concomitant increase in IgG2a antibody response specific to the MERA-8.3 in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cytokine patterns in spleen and lymph node cells revealed a marked decrease of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production and to a lesser extent a decrease of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis, resulting in an increased ratio of IFN-gamma: IL-4 in vaccinated-immunized mice compared with untreated-immunized control mice. Furthermore, splenocytes of mice treated with the MERA-8.3 alone proliferated to MERA-8.3 in vitro with reduced capacity compared with the splenocytes of MERA-8.3-alum immunized mice, owing to a markedly reduced level of IL-2 production in the former. Collectively, these results suggest that vaccination with the MERA-8.3 induces T-cell anergy, which is pivotal to deviation of specific immunity from Th2- to Th1-like, and may serve as an important approach to prevention and therapy of allergic disorders.
Randomly picked cosmid clones overlap thepyrB andoriC gap in the physical map of theE.colichromosome (1988)

Sets of overlapping cosmid clones generated by random sampling and fingerprinting methods complement data at pyrB (96.5') and oriC (84') in the published physical map of E. coli. A new cloning strategy using sheared DNA, and a low copy, inducible cosmid vector were used in order to reduce bias in libraries, in conjunction with micro-methods for preparing cosmid DNA from a large number of clones. Our results are relevant to the design of the best approach to the physical mapping of large genomes.
Microbial symbionts of marine invertebrates: opportunities for microbial biotechnology. (1999)

Marine invertebrates are sources of a diverse array of bioactive metabolites with great potential for development as drugs and research tools. In many cases, microorganisms are known or suspected to be the biosynthetic source of marine invertebrate natural products. The application of molecular microbiology to the study of these relationships will contribute to basic biological knowledge and facilitate biotechnological development of these valuable resources. The bryostatin-producing bryozoan B. neritina and its specific symbiont "Candidatus Endobugula sertula" constitute one promising model system. Another fertile subject for investigation is the listhistid sponges that contain numerous bioactive metabolites, some of which originate from bacterial symbionts.
High levels of circulating neutralizing antibody in normal animals to recombinant mouse interferon-beta produced in yeast. (1989)

Plasma from normal outbred Swiss mice not previously given interferon (IFN) neutralized a glycosylated (high-mannose) recombinant murine IFN-beta made in yeast (rMuIFN-beta y). The neutralization antibody titers were as high as 1:6,000 versus rMuIFN-beta y, whereas the titers obtained with native murine IFN-beta (MuIFN-beta) were 100-fold less; a recombinant murine IFN-beta make in Escherichia coli (rMuIFN-beta ec) was not neutralized at 1:10 dilution of plasma. An ELISA using rMuIFN-beta y demonstrated that it is gamma immunoglobulins in normal mouse plasma that bind rMuIFN-beta y. Normal rabbit serum also had very high endogenous neutralizing activity (1:5,300) against rMuIFN-beta y. Significant neutralizing activity also was detected in newborn bovine and normal human serum as well as pooled human immune serum globulin. Thus, endogenous neutralizing activity directed presumably at the carbohydrate residues of highly glycosylated recombinant proteins produced in yeast may limit their clinical utility.
Scrapie associated PrP accumulation and its prevention: insights from cell culture (1993)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), Alzheimer's disease and other amyloidoses result in the accumulation of abnormally stable, potentially amyloidogenic proteins that appear to play central roles in disease pathogenesis. Scrapie-infected tissue culture cells have become well-developed models for studying how the TSE-specific protein, protease-resistant PrP, is made from its apparently normal precursor. The conversion of PrP to the protease-resistant state occurs on the plasma membrane or along an endocytic pathway to the lysosomes. The protease-resistant PrP has a much longer half-life than normal PrP and its accumulation in lysosomes may feature in TSE pathogenesis. Congo red and certain sulfated glycans potently inhibit protease-resistant PrP formation or stabilization in cell culture. These and other observations suggest that an interaction of PrP with glycosaminoglycans is critical in protease-resistant PrP accumulation and raises the possibility that therapeutic strategies for TSEs and other amyloidoses could be based on blocking (pre)amyloid-glycosaminoglycan interactions.
Synthetic small inhibiting RNAs: Efficient tools to inactivate oncogenic mutations and restore p53 pathways (2002)

Single base pair mutations that alter the function of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes occur frequently during oncogenesis. The guardian of the genome, p53, is inactivated by point mutation in more than 50% of human cancers. Synthetic small inhibiting RNAs (siRNAs) can suppress gene expression in mammalian cells, although their degree of selectivity might be compromised by an amplification mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that a single base difference in siRNAs discriminates between mutant and WT p53 in cells expressing both forms, resulting in the restoration of WT protein function. Therefore, siRNAs may be used to suppress expression of point-mutated genes and provide the basis for selective and personalized antitumor therapy.
The Role of Intraoperative Frozen Section Histology in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Reconstruction (2008)

The use of frozen section histological analysis in primary obstetrical brachial plexus palsy reconstruction, though widespread, is not universally practiced. Our objective was to develop a histological grading scale that could be used to determine whether further resection of a microscopically suboptimal, though grossly satisfactory stump could lead to a measurable improvement in histological appearance. A 13-point grading tool assessing attributes of the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium was tested for interrater reliability. The histological appearance of initial nerve biopsies and of subsequent nerve reexcisions stained with toluidine blue was reviewed retrospectively (n = 52). Specimens were graded in a blinded fashion by a neuropathologist and a medical student. There was high agreement between expert and novice global rating scores with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.93). A comparison of scores between subsequent sections of the same nerve stump revealed a significant decrease of 3.00 (expert) and 2.00 (novice) points ( P < 0.001) in the median global rating score, demonstrating improvement in histological grade. The novel grading tool was used to demonstrate that recutting a microscopically poor, though grossly acceptable nerve stump in obstetrical palsy surgery can yield a significantly improved histological grade.
A strategy for magnetic resonance imaging of the head: results of a semi-empirical model. Part II. (1984)

A semi-empirical model was used to identify specific pulse sequences that cause most lesions to appear distinctly brighter than normal tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) images of the head. Clinical trials confirm the utility of these sequences for patient screening. As a result, a strategy for effective and efficient MR imaging of the head is proposed. The previously described gray-scale model has been modified to account for the effect of image noise. By means of computer simulation, 13,800 different hypothetical cerebral lesions were imaged with a variety of pulse sequences. A number of conclusions resulted. First, two sequences are expected to be sufficient to visualize most intracranial lesions, a "diagonal" SE sequence (e.g., SE 2500/80) and an IR sequence with a short inversion time (e.g., IR 1800/200). These sequences are orthogonal, i.e., lesions missed by one are likely to be detected by the other. Second, signal averaging the screening sequences is expected to be more effective than optimized sequences when lesion tissue parameters differ little from brain. Finally, the effectiveness of unaveraged screening sequences suggests that improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not necessary for the detection of most large lesions. Therefore, the increased SNR achievable through signal averaging or increased field strength might best be utilized to improve spatial resolution so that smaller lesions can be detected.
Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (2014)

Neural machine translation is a recently proposed approach to machine translation. Unlike the traditional statistical machine translation, the neural machine translation aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to maximize the translation performance. The models proposed recently for neural machine translation often belong to a family of encoder-decoders and consists of an encoder that encodes a source sentence into a fixed-length vector from which a decoder generates a translation. In this paper, we conjecture that the use of a fixed-length vector is a bottleneck in improving the performance of this basic encoder-decoder architecture, and propose to extend this by allowing a model to automatically (soft-)search for parts of a source sentence that are relevant to predicting a target word, without having to form these parts as a hard segment explicitly. With this new approach, we achieve a translation performance comparable to the existing state-of-the-art phrase-based system on the task of English-to-French translation. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals that the (soft-)alignments found by the model agree well with our intuition.
Irreversible thermodynamics in petrology (1981)

The formulation of reaction rates and transport rates from the point of view of entropy production can help elucidate petrologic processes. The theory of irreversible thermodynamics relates fluxes of heat or mass linearly to thermodynamic forces (temperature gradients or chemical potential gradients) near equilibrium. A consequence of the general theory of irreversible thermodynamics is that each flux may be influenced by any of the thermodynamic forces. This type of coupling leads to such effects as thermal diffusion, the Soret effect, and uphill diffusion. The theory, however, constrains the number and size of the coupling phenomenological coefficients. Estimates of the coupling phenomenological coefficients enable a calculation of the importance of these coupling effects. The linear theory of irreversible thermodynamics relates the rates of reactions to the free energy difference of the reaction. This relation can be used along with experimental data to obtain the individual rates of reactions in petrology. The behavior of systems far from equilibrium is shown to be different from that near equilibrium. In particular, the formation of spatial patterns so common in petrology, is intimately related to the action of a system, when far from equilibrium. The analysis of Liesegang type models as well as the spatialmore » patterns arising from autocatalytic effects can provide useful insights into the formation of differentiated layering in petrology. (JMT)« less
Inhibition of Bacterial Adherence by Cranberry Juice: Potential Use For the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (1984)

Cranberry juice has been widely used for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections and is reputed to give symptomatic relief from these infections. Attempts to account for the potential benefit derived from the juice have focused on urine acidification and bacteriostasis. In this investigation it is demonstrated that cranberry juice is a potent inhibitor of bacterial adherence. A total of 77 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were tested. Cranberry juice inhibited adherence by 75 per cent or more in over 60 per cent of the clinical isolates. Cranberry cocktail was also given to mice in the place of their normal water supply for a period of 14 days. Urine collected from these mice inhibited adherence of E. coli to uroepithelial cells by approximately 80 per cent. Antiadherence activity could also be detected in human urine. Fifteen of 22 subjects showed significant antiadherence activity in the urine 1 to 3 hours after drinking 15 ounces of cranberry cocktail. It is concluded that the reported benefits derived from the use of cranberry juice may be related to its ability to inhibit bacterial adherence.
Synthesis of Al-rich hydrotalcite-like compounds by using the urea hydrolysis reaction—control of size and morphology (2003)

Mono-dispersed sub-micron sized hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs), [Mg1−xAlx(OH)2](CO3)y·2H2O, were synthesized by the urea hydrolysis method. The as-prepared compounds display platelet-like primary particles with a hexagonal shape. The breadth to thickness ratio can be varied by changing the synthesis conditions such as the precipitation rate or the medium nature. The factors influencing the secondary particle morphology (or aggregates) are also discussed. The results are compared to the constant pH coprecipitation method, commonly used for HTlcs.
Sequence-independent induction of Sp1 transcription factor activity by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. (1994)

Modified analogues of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), particularly phosphorothioates ([S]ODNs), have been extensively used to inhibit gene expression. The potential sequence specificity of antisense oligomers makes them attractive as molecular drugs for human diseases. The use of antisense [S]ODNs to inhibit gene expression has been complicated by frequent nonspecific effects. In this study we show in diverse cell types that [S]ODNs, independent of their base sequence, mediated the induction of an Sp1 nuclear transcription factor. The [S]ODN-mediated Sp1 induction was rapid and was associated with elevated levels of Sp1 protein. This induction was dependent on NF-kappa B activity, since inhibition of NF-kappa B activity abolished the [S]ODN-induced Sp1 activity. [S]ODN-induced Sp1 activity was seen in mouse spleen cells following in vivo administration. Sp1 activity induced by [S]ODNs required the tyrosine kinase pathway and did not have transactivating potential. These results may help to explain some of the non-specific effects often seen with [S]ODNs.
Location determination using WLAN in conjunction with GPS network (Global Positioning System) (2005)

This work presents a location determination technique which is based on wireless local area networks (WLANs), in particular the IEEE 802.11b standard, in conjunction with GPS (Global positioning system). Since each of the positioning devices has its shortcomings, this paper proposes to use the data obtained from the GPS system together with the WLAN positioning data to estimate the mobile user's position in a network nearest to its true position. Some of the theoretical work that substantiate the proposed method and initial simulation results are shown as well.
Readmissions following Hospitalizations with Clostridium difficile Infections, 2009 (2012)

As the proprioceptive chain remains functional in CD patients, it seems likely that the vestibular system might rather be involved in the pathophysiology of CD.
Characterization of a UBC13 kinase in Plasmodium falciparum (2007)

Protein kinases are generally recognized as attractive drug targets to treat a variety of human diseases. Recent analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum kinome identified several kinases that are entirely unique to Plasmodium species. The specific functions and targets of most of these enzymes remain largely unknown. Here, we have identified a P. falciparum kinase (PfPK9/PF13_0085 ORF) that does not cluster with any of the typical eukaryotic protein kinases. PfPK9 protein expression was induced approximately 18 h after red blood cell infection, and was mainly localized to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane as well as the cytosol. Recombinant PfPK9 autophosphorylated in vitro and specifically phosphorylated the exogenous substrate histone H1, indicating that it is catalytically active. Phosphopeptide mapping studies showed that autophosphorylation occurred at three residues: T082, T265, and T269. We identified a P. falciparum homolog of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13 (UBC13) as an endogenous substrate for PfPK9. PfPK9 phosphorylated UBC13 at S106, a highly conserved residue among eukaryotic E2s, and suppressed its ubiquitin-conjugating activity. Our findings not only describe a previously uncharacterized Plasmodium kinase and its likely in vivo target, but also suggest that modulation of UBC13 activity by phosphorylation may be a common regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.
Anticytokine treatment of established type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: A comparative study using anti-TNFα, anti-IL-1α/β and IL-1Ra (2008)

The present study identified different TNF alpha/IL-1 dependencies in various stages of CIA and revealed that blocking of TNF alpha does not necessarily eliminate IL-1. Continuous, high doses of IL-1Ra are needed to block CIA.
Antioxidants in Treatment of Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss (2003)

Patients treated with the addition of vitamin E achieved better recovery than did the control patients. Further studies should be directed toward a better understanding of the role of antioxidants in idiopathic sudden hearing loss.