gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A plasticity window for blood vessel remodelling is defined by pericyte coverage of the preformed endothelial network and is regulated by PDGF-B and VEGF (1998)

Little is known about how the initial endothelial plexus is remodelled into a mature and functioning vascular network. Studying postnatal remodelling of the retina vasculature, we show that a critical step in vascular maturation, namely pericyte recruitment, proceeds by outmigration of cells positive for (alpha)-smooth muscle actin from arterioles and that coverage of primary and smaller branches lags many days behind formation of the endothelial plexus. The transient existence of a pericyte-free endothelial plexus coincides temporally and spatially with the process of hyperoxia-induced vascular pruning, which is a mechanism for fine tuning of vascular density according to available oxygen. Acquisition of a pericyte coating marks the end of this plasticity window. To substantiate that association with pericytes stabilizes the vasculature, endothelial-pericyte associations were disrupted by intraocular injection of PDGF-BB. Ectopic PDGF-BB caused the detachment of PDGF-beta receptor-positive pericytes from newly coated vessels, presumably through interference with endogenous cues, but had no effect on mature vessels. Disruption of endothelial-pericyte associations resulted in excessive regression of vascular loops and abnormal remodelling. Conversely, intraocular injection of VEGF accelerated pericyte coverage of the preformed endothelial plexus, thereby revealing a novel function of this pleiotropic angiogenic growth factor. These findings also provide a cellular basis for clinical observations that vascular regression in premature neonates subjected to oxygen therapy [i.e. in retinopathy of prematurity] drops precipitously upon maturation of retina vessels and a mechanistic explanation to our previous findings that VEGF can rescue immature vessels from hyperoxia-induced regression.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. TRICYCLIC PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS CONTAINING TWO CHALCOGEN ATOMS IN THE CENTRAL RING: DERIVATIVES OF 11H‐DIBENZ(B,F)‐1,4‐OXATHIEPIN (1982)

Abstract Das Thiophenol (I) wird mit den Benzylhalogeniden (II), die zum Teil nach literaturbekannten Verfahren synthetisiert wurden, zu den Oxathiepinen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) kondensiert.
The complete genomes and proteomes of 27 Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages (2005)

Bacteriophages are the most abundant life forms in the biosphere. They play important roles in bacterial ecology, evolution, adaptation to new environments, and pathogenesis of human bacterial infections. Here, we report the complete genomic sequences, and predicted proteins of 27 bacteriophages of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Comparative nucleotide and protein sequence analysis indicates that these phages are a remarkable source of untapped genetic diversity, encoding 2,170 predicted protein-encoding ORFs, of which 1,402 cannot be annotated for structure or function, and 522 are proteins with no similarity to other phage or bacterial sequences. Based on their genome size, organization of their gene map and comparative nucleotide and protein sequence analysis, the S. aureus phages can be organized into three groups. Comparison of their gene maps reveals extensive genome mosaicism, hinting to a large reservoir of unidentified S. aureus phage genes. Among the phages in the largest size class (178-214 kbp) that we characterized is phage Twort, the first discovered bacteriophage (responsible for the Twort-D'Herelle effect). These phage genomes offer an exciting opportunity to discern molecular mechanisms of phage evolution and diversity.
The Role of STATs in Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases (2004)

The immune response is regulated by the concerted action of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The deregulation of this process causes immunological disorders like allergic and autoimmune diseases. The Janus Kinase (JAK)--Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one major signaling pathway converting the cytokine signal into gene expression programs regulating the proliferation and differentiation of the immune cells. Several members of the STAT protein family in particular STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT6 act as transcription factors in modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of the different STAT proteins in inflammation, autoimmune and allergic diseases. We discuss novel approaches to interfere with the function of these signaling transcription factors for therapeutic purpose.
Sirt1 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Repressing UCP2 in Pancreatic β Cells (2005)

Sir2 and insulin/IGF-1 are the major pathways that impinge upon aging in lower organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans a possible genetic link between Sir2 and the insulin/IGF-1 pathway has been reported. Here we investigate such a link in mammals. We show that Sirt1 positively regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Sirt1 represses the uncoupling protein (UCP) gene UCP2 by binding directly to the UCP2 promoter. In beta cell lines in which Sirt1 is reduced by SiRNA, UCP2 levels are elevated and insulin secretion is blunted. The up-regulation of UCP2 is associated with a failure of cells to increase ATP levels after glucose stimulation. Knockdown of UCP2 restores the ability to secrete insulin in cells with reduced Sirt1, showing that UCP2 causes the defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Food deprivation induces UCP2 in mouse pancreas, which may occur via a reduction in NAD (a derivative of niacin) levels in the pancreas and down-regulation of Sirt1. Sirt1 knockout mice display constitutively high UCP2 expression. Our findings show that Sirt1 regulates UCP2 in beta cells to affect insulin secretion.
Vimentin expression in human squamous carcinoma cells: Relationship with phenotypic changes and cadherin-based cell adhesion (2000)

Phenotypic changes resembling an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition often occur as epithelial cells become tumorigenic. Two proteins that have been implicated in this process are vimentin and N-cadherin. In this study, we sought to establish a link between expression of vimentin and N-cadherin as oral squamous epithelial cells undergo a morphologic change resembling an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We found that N-cadherin and vimentin did not influence the expression of one another.
Polymerized Surfactant Vesicles: Novel Membrane Mimetic Systems (1984)

Vesicles formed from dialkyl surfactants containing vinyl, methacrylate, diacetylene, isocyano, and styrene groups have been stabilized by polymerization across their bilayers of head groups. Polymerized vesicles have shelf lives of many months and controllable permeabilities and sizes. The kinetics of surfactant vesicle photopolymerzation have been determined, and the mechanism of photopolymerization has been discussed as a two-dimensional surface process. Polymerized surfactant vesicles concentrate reagents in their aqueous interiors, in bilayers, and in their inner or outer surfaces. This, in turn, leads to altered reaction rates and sites. Polymerized surfactant vesicles also provide a good media for the generation, in situ, of small, uniform, and efficient colloidal catalysts.
Scanning electron microscopy for imaging photopatterned self-assembled monolayers on gold (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning electron microscopy for imaging photopatterned self-assembled monolayers on goldEric W. Wollman, C. Daniel Frisbie, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 6, 1517–1520Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00030a016https://doi.org/10.1021/la00030a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Health Effects of Environmental Contaminant Exposure: An Intrafile Comparison of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry (1999)

The establishment of the National Exposure Registry represents the first major effort toward longitudinal surveillance of general populations exposed long-term to low levels of specific substances in the environment. The authors investigated the National Exposure Registry's Trichloroethylene Subregistry intrasubregistry differences with respect to health outcomes and the possible relationships with types and levels of chemical exposure. Investigators divided the 4041 living members of the Trichloroethylene Subregistry into 4 subgroups, by type(s) of exposures (chemicals) and duration and level of exposures. The authors compared the reporting rates for 25 health outcomes across subgroups. The authors used logistic regression, in which age, sex, education, smoking history, and occupational history were the covariates. Statistically significant increases in reporting rates were seen with (a) increased maximum trichloroethylene exposures for the outcome stroke, (b) increased cumulative chemical exposure for respiratory allergies, and (c) duration of exposure for hearing impairment. Consistently elevated reporting rates across the exposure subgroups were seen for hearing impairment, speech impairment, asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and stroke. Reporting rates for urinary tract disorders were related only to cumulative chemical levels. The authors noted that there appeared to be a relationship between trichloroethylene and reporting rates for speech impairment, hearing impairment, and stroke and between volatile organic compounds and asthma and emphysema, respiratory allergies, and urinary tract disorders.
Depression Levels and Interferon Treatment in People with Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurologic disease in young and middle-aged adults, and 75% of patients are female. Nearly one in two patients with MS will experience clinically significant depression-approximately three times the prevalence rate in the general population. This study used a cross-sectional approach to examine the link between depression levels and use of interferon medications among individuals with MS. Data were collected from 694 patients of the Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center at Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck, New Jersey. Analysis of variance was used to compare depression scores between patients taking and not taking interferons. Regression analyses with depression scores as the dependent variable were also conducted. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was reduced to a set of dimensions by principal components analysis. Two components were identified, reflecting somatic and cognitive symptoms. The results showed no significant relationship between depression levels and interferon treatment. Significant associations were observed between depression and both age and disability status, with younger, more disabled patients tending to be more depressed.
The Effect of Inducing Ventricular Fibrillation with 50‐Hz Pacing Versus T are Stimulation on the Ability to Defibrillate (1998)

When testing an ICD, there are at least two techniques for inducing ventricular fibrillation: (1) high frequency (approximately equal to 50 Hz) pacing; and (2) a single T wave stimulus. It is generally assumed that these two methods yield similar results. This study directly tested this assumption. In six dogs, one defibrillation electrode was placed in the right ventricular (RV) apex and the second was placed cutaneously on the left thorax. All defibrillation and T wave stimuli were biphasic between these two electrodes. Pacing was monophasic from the tip of the RV catheter to the cutaneous patch. The voltage which defibrillates 50% of the time (DF50) was measured using a 10-step Bayesian up-down method. Observations for two DF50 measurements were randomly interleaved. For one DF50 measurement, fibrillation was induced with 99 pacing stimuli at a 20-ms pacing interval (50-Hz pacing). For the second DF50 measurement, fibrillation was induced with a single defibrillation shock of approximately 1/2 J delivered at a time corresponding to the peak of the T wave in the lead II electrogram (T wave stimuli). The average DF50 when measured after fibrillation induced with 50-Hz pacing was 379 +/- 54.6 V, as compared to 382 +/- 50.3 V when fibrillation was induced with T wave stimuli. The difference of 3 V was not statistically significant. If these results are confirmed in humans, it is reasonable to assume that the efficacy of a defibrillation shock is the same whether T wave stimuli or 50-Hz pacing are used to induce fibrillation.
Staphylococcus aureus haemolysins: their use in strain typing. (1980)

By using a beta-lysin-producing test strain and anti-beta + delta lysins, the lysins of Staphylococcus aureus strains can easily be determined. The method was used for examination of the haemolysin production of 300 S. aureus strains isolated from human post mortem material and bovine mastitis. The results were cross-checked with those of three other typing tests, viz. phage typing, crystal-violet activity and lipase production. Strains isolated from human material produced most frequently alpha + delta, and less frequently delta or alpha lysins. The isolates belonged to phage groups I, II, III, were crystal violet negative and produced lipase. The bovine strains produced mostly beta + delta or alpha + beta + delta lysins, less frequently delta or beta lysins. The isolates belonged to phage group IV or were typable with phage 116 of phage group II. The majority of the strains was crystal-violet negative, lipase production was not characteristic.
Global Properties of the Metabolic Map of Escherichia coli (2000)

The EcoCyc database characterizes the known network of Escherichia coli small-molecule metabolism. Here we present a computational analysis of the global properties of that network, which consists of 744 reactions that are catalyzed by 607 enzymes. The reactions are organized into 131 pathways. Of the metabolic enzymes, 100 are multifunctional, and 68 of the reactions are catalyzed by >1 enzyme. The network contains 791 chemical substrates. Other properties considered by the analysis include the distribution of enzyme subunit organization, and the distribution of modulators of enzyme activity and of enzyme cofactors. The dimensions chosen for this analysis can be employed for comparative functional analysis of complete genomes.
Effects of electrode configuration and geometry on fiber preference in spinal cord stimulation (2002)

In contrast to the widespread assumption that dorsal column fibers are the primary targets of spinal cord stimulation by a dorsal epidural electrode, it appears that dorsal root fibers are recruited as well, and even preferentially under various conditions. This will, however, limit the coverage of the painful body areas with paresthesia, a prerequisite for the management of chronic pain. In order to favor the preferential stimulation of dorsal column fibers, advantage was taken of the different positions and orientations of fibers in the dorsal columns and dorsal roots. Using an SCS computer model, electrode configurations have been designed for the selective stimulation of the human dorsal columns.
Three steps to organic–inorganic hybrid films showing superhydrophilic properties (2011)

The concept of surface polymerisation to obtain dendritic functionalised surfaces is combined with the grafting of nanoparticles to realise hyperbranched functionalised PE surfaces for the control of wettability and surface adhesion. First, plasma induced polymerisation of acrylic acid allows highly reactive PE surfaces to be obtained. The further covalent grafting of amine functionalised silica nanoparticles (NPs) of 20 nm diameter was realised in one step with specific coupling agents for the creation of amide bonds between the NPs and the polyacrylic acid (pAA) surface. This reaction can be conducted in dichloromethane as well as in water depending on the coupling agents. This procedure afforded in three steps (plasma activation, polymerisation of acrylic acid and grafting of silica nanoparticles) highly functionalised hybrid organic–inorganic films. IR analysis as well as microscopic observations (AFM and SEM) and wettability measurements attest the PE surface modifications. Depending on the conditions used to link the NPs to the surface, superhydrophilic material can be reached.
<title>Impact of local partial coherence variations on exposure tool performance</title> (1995)

A study of linewidth variations across commercial stepper exposure fields suggests that variations in local value of partial coherence across the exposure field might be responsible for the excessive character of linewidth variance. A methodology to estimate the local value of partial coherence (LVPC) at a random point in the stepper exposure field is proposed and discussed. Estimation of the local value of the partial coherence summarized across the tested exposure field is represented as a 'Coherence map' of the stepper field. For a stepper under test, such a map revealed significant deviation in the local values of the partial coherence from the designed value. Estimated LVPC variation fully accounted for 'excessive' across field linewidth variation as well as for its orientational dependency. Several means of improving line width control in the presence of variance in LVPC are suggested. The impact of the presence of localized partial coherence in the exposure systems used with PSM and OPC technologies is analyzed briefly. Sensitivity to LVPC variations with the suggested monitor design and ways to improve t are also discussed.
Synthesis of carbohydrate sulfonates and sulfonate esters (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of carbohydrate sulfonates and sulfonate estersBranislav Musicki and Theodore S. WidlanskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 14, 4231–4233Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00301a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00301a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1043Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Storage management and caching in PAST, a large-scale, persistent peer-to-peer storage utility (2001)

This paper presents and evaluates the storage management and caching in PAST, a large-scale peer-to-peer persistent storage utility. PAST is based on a self-organizing, Internet-based overlay network of storage nodes that cooperatively route file queries, store multiple replicas of files, and cache additional copies of popular files.In the PAST system, storage nodes and files are each assigned uniformly distributed identifiers, and replicas of a file are stored at nodes whose identifier matches most closely the file's identifier. This statistical assignment of files to storage nodes approximately balances the number of files stored on each node. However, non-uniform storage node capacities and file sizes require more explicit storage load balancing to permit graceful behavior under high global storage utilization; likewise, non-uniform popularity of files requires caching to minimize fetch distance and to balance the query load.We present and evaluate PAST, with an emphasis on its storage management and caching system. Extensive trace-driven experiments show that the system minimizes fetch distance, that it balances the query load for popular files, and that it displays graceful degradation of performance as the global storage utilization increases beyond 95%.
Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones (2010)

This paper describes PowerBooter, an automated power model construction technique that uses built-in battery voltage sensors and knowledge of battery discharge behavior to monitor power consumption while explicitly controlling the power management and activity states of individual components. It requires no external measurement equipment. We also describe PowerTutor, a component power management and activity state introspection based tool that uses the model generated by PowerBooter for online power estimation. PowerBooter is intended to make it quick and easy for application developers and end users to generate power models for new smartphone variants, which each have different power consumption properties and therefore require different power models. PowerTutor is intended to ease the design and selection of power efficient software for embedded systems. Combined, PowerBooter and PowerTutor have the goal of opening power modeling and analysis for more smartphone variants and their users.
A Simulation Study of Some Dynamic Channel Assignment Algorithms in a High Capacity Mobile Telecommunications System (1973)

This paper reports the results of an investigation of the increase in traffic capacity in a cellular high capacity mobile telecommunications system attainable with dynamic instead of fixed channel assignment. Three dynamic channel assignment algorithms were studied by simulation using a 21-cell hexagonal array as a representative system layout. Detailed results for each algorithm are presented. For the particular system studied, traffic capacity can be increased by approximately 25 percent with dynamic channel assignment. A general upper bound on this increase has been found.