gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxamate approach to the synthesis of .beta.-lactam antibiotics (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxamate approach to the synthesis of .beta.-lactam antibioticsMarvin J. MillerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 2, 49–56Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00122a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00122a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views970Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Olefins in a Highly Cross-Linked Polymer Matrix (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Hydroformylation of Olefins in a Highly Cross-Linked Polymer MatrixKyoko Nozaki, Yohei Itoi, Fumitoshi Shibahara, Eiji Shirakawa, Tetsuo Ohta, Hidemasa Takaya, and Tamejiro HiyamaView Author Information Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 16, 4051–4052Publication Date (Web):April 29, 1998Publication History Received30 September 1997Published online29 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973408dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973408drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1154Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydroformylation,Ligands,Polymers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Efficient ethanol production from glucose, lactose, and xylose by recombinant Escherichia coli (1989)

Lactose and all of the major sugars (glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose) present in cellulose and hemicellulose were converted to ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli containing plasmid-borne genes encoding the enzymes for the ethanol pathway from Zymomonas mobilis. Environmental tolerances, plasmid stability, expression of Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase, substrate range, and ethanol production (from glucose, lactose, and xylose) were compared among eight American Type Culture Collection strains. E. coli ATCC 9637(pLO1297), ATCC 11303(pLO1297), and ATCC 15224(pLO1297) were selected for further development on the basis of environmental hardiness and ethanol production. Volumetric ethanol productivities per hour in batch culture were 1.4 g/liter for glucose (12%), 1.3 g/liter for lactose (12%), and 0.64 g/liter for xylose (8%). Ethanol productivities per hour ranged from 2.1 g/g of cell dry weight with 12% glucose to 1.3 g/g of cell dry weight with 8% xylose. The ethanol yield per gram of xylose was higher for recombinant E. coli than commonly reported for Saccharomyces cerevisiae with glucose. Glucose (12%), lactose (12%), and xylose (8%) were converted to (by volume) 7.2% ethanol, 6.5% ethanol, and 5.2% ethanol, respectively.
Bioluminescence (lux) expression in the anaerobe Clostridium perfringens (1993)

To determine whether bacterial luciferase is expressed in the anaerobe Clostridium perfringens to produce an oxygen-requiring bioluminescence reaction, a suitable plasmid vector possessing the luxA and luxB genes of Vibrio fischeri was constructed and introduced into C. perfringens cell. luxAB were placed under the transcriptional control of the C. perfringensα-toxin gene promoter region. Suitable ribosome binding sites were introduced upstream of both genes. Bioluminescence was strongly expressed in C. perfringens transformants. Comparisons of in vivo and in vitro bioluminescence measurements demonstrated that in vivo data constituted a quantitative measure of gene expression. This is the first study to show that luxA and luxB genes can be expressed in an anaerobic bacterium and that bioluminescence can be used as a quantitative reported system in future in vivo studies of gene expression in C. perfringens.
Tramadol Pretreatment Enhances Ketamine-Induced Antidepressant Effects and Increases Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex (2012)

Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that acute administration of ketamine elicits fast-acting antidepressant effects. Moreover, tramadol also has potential antidepressant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with tramadol on ketamine-induced antidepressant activity and was to determine the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Rats were intraperitoneally administrated with ketamine at the dose of 10 mg/kg or saline 1 h before the second episode of the forced swimming test (FST). Tramadol or saline was intraperitoneally pretreated 30 min before the former administration of ketamine or saline. The locomotor activity and the immobility time of FST were both measured. After that, rats were sacrificed to determine the expression of mTOR in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Tramadol at the dose of 5 mg/kg administrated alone did not elicit the antidepressant effects. More importantly, pretreatment with tramadol enhanced the ketamine-induced antidepressant effects and upregulated the expression of mTOR in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Pretreatment with tramadol enhances the ketamine-induced antidepressant effects, which is associated with the increased expression of mTOR in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Ischaemic preconditioning reduces spinal cord injury in transient ischaemia (2002)

The results suggest that ischaemic preconditioning reduces the spinal cord injury and improves neurological outcome in transient ischaemia in rabbits. This protective mechanism is rapidly invoked within only 25 minutes interval between the preconditioning stimulus and the ischaemic insult.
Atomic force microscopy of oriented linear DNA molecules labeled with 5nm gold spheres (1993)

The atomic force microscope (AFM;1) can image DNA and RNA in air and under solutions at resolution comparable to that obtained by electron microscopy (EM) (2–7). We have developed a method for depositing and imaging linear DNA molecules to which 5nm gold spheres have been attached. The gold spheres facilitate orientation of the DNA molecules on the mica surface to which they are adsorbed and are potentially useful as internal height standards and as high resolution gene or sequence specific tags. We show that by modulating their adhesion to the mica surface, the gold spheres can be moved with some degree of control with the scanning tip.
The problem of the existence of C(Ar)–H ⋯ N intramolecular hydrogen bonds in a family of 9-azaphenyl-9H-carbazoles (1993)

In order to demonstrate the possibility of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHB) between an aromatic C–H and a pyridine nitrogen atom, the family of 9-arylcarbazoles [Ar = phenyl (1), 2-pyridyl (2) or 2-pyrimidinyl (3)], their 9-aryl-1-azacarbazole analogues [Ar = phenyl (4). 2-pyridyl (5) or 2-pyrimidinyl (6)] and 9-phenyl-1,8-diazacarbazole (7), have been synthesized and the X-ray structure of all of them, except 4, has been determined. The unit cell parameters are as follows. For 1: a= 14.526(5)Å, b= 10.985(1)Å, c= 18.094(2)Å, β= 113.45(2)°, V= 2649(1)Å3, Z= 8, P21/n. For 2: a= 14.625(4)Å, b= 11.685(6)Å, c= 16.636(1)Å, β= 114.07(4)°, V= 2596(3)Å3, Z= 8, P21/n. For 3: a= 25.76(2)Å, b= 5.200(6)Å, c= 19.47(1)Å, β= 112.07(5)°, V= 2417(4)Å3, Z= 8, C2/c. For 5: a= 12.825(2)Å, b= 12.336(4)Å, c= 16.468(6)Å, β= 111.41(3)°, V= 2426(2)Å3, Z= 8, P21/n. For 6: a= 10.682(3)Å, b= 29.033(9)Å, c= 7.524(3)Å, β= 90.46(3)°, V= 2333(1)Å3, Z= 8, P21/c. For 7: a= 10.895(2)Å, b= 13.407(4)Å, c= 17.552(6)Å, β= 107.81(2)°, V= 2441(2)Å3, Z= 8, P21/c. The data were obtained at 293 K except for compound 7 for which the experimental temperature was 200 K. All compounds except 3 exist in the crystal in two different conformations. The potential curves corresponding to the rotation about the N(9)–C(aryl) bond of nine compounds (1–7 plus the non-synthesized 2-pyridyl- and 2-pyrimidinyl-1,8-diaza analogues) have been calculated. The crystallographic torsion angles are near the zone of minimum energies according to AM1 calculations, save in the case of compound 1(9-phenylcarbazole) where one of the independent molecules has a torsion angle of 78.4°, much larger than calculated. The calculated barrier through the planar state, ΔE°, contains much information and appears to be related to the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of some selected molecules. Compound 3[9-(2-pyrimidinyl)-9H-carbazole], with a torsion angle of 7.4(4)°, is the clearest representative of the existence of C–H ⋯ N IMHBs.
INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: Role in Biology (1998)

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a member of the IL-1 family that binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. Two structural variants of IL-1Ra have previously been described: a 17-kDa form that is secreted from monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and other cells (sIL-1Ra) and an 18-kDa form that remains in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and other epithelial cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts (icIL-1Ra). An additional 16-kDa intracellular isoform of IL-1Ra has recently been described in neutrophils, monocytes, and hepatic cells. Both of the major isoforms of IL-1Ra are transcribed from the same gene through the use of alternative first exons. The two promoters regulating transcription of the secreted and intracellular forms have been cloned, and some of the functional cis-acting DNA regions have been characterized. The production of IL-1Ra is stimulated by many substances including adherent IgG, other cytokines, and bacterial or viral components. The tissue distribution of IL-1Ra in mice indicates that sIL-1Ra is found predominantly in peripheral blood cells, lungs, spleen, and liver, while icIL-1Ra is found in large amounts in skin. Studies in transgenic and knockout mice indicate that IL-1Ra is important in host defense against endotoxin-induced injury. IL-1Ra is produced by hepatic cells with the characteristics of an acute phase protein. Endogenous IL-1Ra is produced in numerous experimental animal models of disease as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The use of neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies has demonstrated that endogenous IL-1Ra is an important natural antiinflammatory protein in arthritis, colitis, and granulomatous pulmonary disease. Treatment of human diseases with recombinant human IL-1Ra showed an absence of benefit in sepsis syndrome. However, patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with IL-1Ra for six months exhibited improvements in clinical parameters and in radiographic evidence of joint damage.
Tea Polyphenols: Selective Growth Inhibitors ofClostridiumspp. (1991)

Journal Article Tea Polyphenols: Selective Growth Inhibitors of Clostridium spp. Get access Young-Joon Ahn, Young-Joon Ahn Frontier Research Program, Laboratory for Intestinal Flora, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Present address: Department of Agrobiology, College of Seoul Nat'l University, Suwon 441–744, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiya Kawamura, Toshiya Kawamura Central Research Laboratories, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie 510, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mujo Kim, Mujo Kim Central Research Laboratories, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie 510, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takehiko Yamamoto, Takehiko Yamamoto Department of Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama 729–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomotari Mitsuoka Tomotari Mitsuoka Frontier Research Program, Laboratory for Intestinal Flora, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo and The Institute of Physical & Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 1425–1426, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870770 Published: 01 May 1991 Article history Received: 19 November 1990 Published: 01 May 1991
Stem Cell Collection and Gene Transfer in Fanconi Anemia (2006)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital anomalies, and a predisposition to malignancy. Successful gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could reverse BMF in this disease. We developed clinical trials to determine whether a sufficient number of CD34(+) stem cells could be collected for gene modification and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HSC-corrective gene transfer in FA genotype A (FANCA) patients. Here, we report that FA patients have significant depletion of their BM CD34(+) cell compartment even before severe pancytopenia is present. However, oncoretroviral-mediated ex vivo gene transfer was efficient in clinical scale in FA-A cells, leading to reversal of the cellular phenotype in a significant percentage of CD34(+) cells. Re-infusion of gene-corrected products in two patients was safe and well tolerated and accompanied by transient improvements in hemoglobin and platelet counts. Gene correction was transient, likely owing to the low dose of gene-corrected cells infused. Our early experience shows that stem cell collection is well tolerated in FA patients and suggests that collection be considered as early as possible in patients who are potential candidates for future gene transfer trials.
Spin-Filter Device Based on the Rashba Effect Using a Nonmagnetic Resonant Tunneling Diode (2002)

We propose an electronic spin-filter device that uses a nonmagnetic triple barrier resonant tunneling diode (TB-RTD). This device combines the spin-split resonant tunneling levels induced by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction and the spin blockade phenomena between two regions separated by the middle barrier in the TB-RTD. Detailed calculations using the InAlAs/InGaAs material system reveal that a splitting of a peak should be observed in the I-V curve of this device as a result of the spin-filtering effect. The filtering efficiency exceeds 99.9% at the peak positions in the I-V curve.
Type I interferon therapy and its role in autoimmunity (2010)

Interferons (IFNs) display a pleiotropic effect on different cell types of both the innate and the adaptive immunities being able to affect the immune responses. The ability of IFNs, and in particular of type I IFN, to activate dendritic cells and to modulate the expression of major histocompatibility classes I and II molecules supports their potential role also in the development and maintenance of tolerance. When tolerance breakdown has occurred, immunocomplexes generated by the reaction of nuclear antigens and specific autoantibodies can further induce type I IFN production. Accordingly, high acid-labile type I IFN plasma levels, overexpression of IFNalpha-induced transcripts and the association with genes closely related to type I IFN response represent the rationale for the so-called IFN signature in systemic lupus erythematosus, a prototypical autoimmune disease. The role of IFNs in autoimmunity is further supported by their direct and deleterious impact on target tissues. The therapeutic use of IFNs is based on their antiviral and antiproliferative effect. Type I IFN administration, in particular, is associated with the appearance of autoimmunity, although less frequently than expected. Such an event takes place mostly in patients with previous autoimmune manifestations and can be characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies only or of a clinically overt disease. IFN therapy cessation is usually, but not always, required for controlling the autoimmune disorders.
Just elections: creating a fair electoral process in the United States (2003)

The 2000 election showed that the mechanies of voting, such as ballot design, can make a critical difference in the accuracy and fairness of our elections. But as Dennis F. Thompson persuasively shows, more fundamental issues must be addressed to ensure that our electoral system is fair. Just Elections argues that three central democratic principles - equal respect, free choice, and popular sovereignty - underlie our electoral institutions and should inform any assessment of the justice of elections. To create a fair electoral system, we must deliberate together about these principles and take greater control of the procedures that govern our elections.
The fetal fraction of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma is not affected by a priori risk of fetal trisomy (2012)

These data support the concept that non-invasive prenatal test performance as determined by fetal cfDNA fraction is not predicted to be different based on patient risk classification.
The paired-box transcription factor, PAX2, positively modulates expression of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1). (1996)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, wt1, encodes a zinc finger protein which functions as a transcriptional regulator. Expression of the wt1 gene is developmentally regulated and restricted to a small set of tissues which include the fetal urogenital system, mesothelium, and spleen. In the developing kidney, induction of neprohogenesis by the ureter is accompanied by an increase in expression levels of the Pax-2 gene, a developmentally and spatially regulated paired-box member. This is followed by an increase in wt1 expression as mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate. In this report, we demonstrate that PAX2 isoforms are capable of transactivating the wt1 promoter. Deletion mutagenesis of the wt1 promoter identified an element responsible for mediating PAX2 responsiveness, located between nucleotides -33 and -71 relative to the first wt1 transcription start site. Consistent with its identity as a PAX responsive element, multimerization of this mofit upstream of a heterologous minimal promoter enhanced reporter activity when co-transfected with a Pax-2 expression vector. Finally, we demonstrate that PAX2 can stimulate expression of the endogenous wt1 gene. These results suggest that a role for PAX2 during mesenchyme-to-epithelium transition in renal development is to induce wt1 expression.
Degradation of oxalate in rats implanted with immobilized oxalate oxidase (1986)

Accumulation of oxalate leads to hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in man. Since oxalate is a metabolic end product in mammals, the feasibility of its enzymic degradation has been tested in vivo in rats by administering exogenous oxalate oxidase. Oxalate oxidase, isolated from banana fruit peels, in its native form was found to be non-active at the physiological pH of the recipient animal. However, its functional viability in the recipient animal was ensured by its prior binding with ethylenemaleic anhydride, thus shifting its pH activity curve towards the alkaline range. Rats implanted with dialysis membrane capsules containing such immobilized oxalate oxidase in their peritoneal cavities effectively metabolized intraperitoneally injected [14C]oxalate as well as its precursor [14C]glyoxalate. The implantation of capsules containing coentrapped multienzyme preparations of oxalate oxidase, catalase and peroxidase led to a further degradation of administered [14C]oxalate in rats.
Studies on Some Quantitative Characters in Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Thunb. Mansf.) I. Inheritance of Earliness and Fruit Weight (1988)

Six genetic populations (two parents, one each F1 and F2 and two backcro-ses) of four crosses for maturity (days to first harvest) and of three crosses for fruit weight, were raised during 1975 at the division of Vegetable Crops, I. A.R.I., New Delhi. Generation means and gene effects were estimated. Dominance gene effects (h) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were found important for the expression of maturity (days to first harvest). Duplicate and complementary type of epistasis were exhibited in equal proportion. Dominance gene effects (h) and dominance × dominance (l) type of epistasis were also found to play an important role in the expression of fruit weight. Duplicate type of epistasis was more frequent than complementary type. It is indicated that the heterosis breeding may be useful in the crosses which exhibited duplicate epistasis alongwith pronounced gene effects. Whereas the crosses which showed pronounced additive gene effects alongwith complementary epistasis, suggested the possibility of fixing the particular chara-ter through selection methods.
Electroanalysis at Diamond‐Like and Doped‐Diamond Electrodes (2003)

Abstract Diamond as a high performance material occupies a special place due to its in many ways extreme properties, e.g., hardness, chemical inertness, thermal conductivity, optical properties, and electric characteristics. Work mainly over the last decade has shown that diamond also occupies a special place as an electrode material with interesting applications in electroanalysis. When made sufficiently electrically conducting for example by boron‐doping, ‘thin film' and ‘free–standing' diamond electrodes exhibit remarkable chemical resistance to etching, a wide potential window, low background current responses, mechanical stability towards ultrasound induced interfacial cavitation, a low ‘stickiness' in adsorption processes, and a high degree of ‘tunability' of the surface properties. This review summarizes some of the recent work aimed at applying conductive (boron‐doped) diamond electrodes to improve procedures in electroanalysis.