gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral immunization with chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP). (1988)

The effect of vaccination to stimulate mucosal immunity with a purified subunit vaccine of chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) on subsequent ocular challenge with Chlamydia trachomatis was studied in cynomolgus monkeys. Monkeys were immunized with MOMP by intraperitoneal priming plus oral boosting, with or without ocular boosting, or by ocular immunization alone. Cholera toxin was used as an adjuvant with the oral doses of MOMP vaccine. Animals were challenged with viable purified elementary bodies 35 days after the first immunization. The immunizing schedules used provided a transient decrease in the potentially deleterious inflammatory response in the eye but no reduction in duration of infection. Immunoblotting studies showed that anti-MOMP antibodies were induced by oral vaccination in some animals, but the antibody response following ocular challenge as determined by microimmunofluorescence (MicroIF) serology was similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals. This study demonstrates that the stimulation of mucosal immunity by a vaccine of purified chlamydial MOMP was only partially effective in protecting against chlamydial eye infection. The lack of clear protection in these studies may be due to the failure of the various immunizing regimes to induce an antibody response prior to challenge.
Effectiveness of Synthetic Versus Natural Human Volatiles as Attractants forAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae) Sensu Stricto : Table 1 (2010)

Females of the African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto, use human volatiles to find their blood-host. Previous work has shown that ammonia, lactic acid, and aliphatic carboxylic acids significantly affect host orientation and attraction of this species. In the current study, these compounds were tested for their attractiveness relative to human emanations in vivo and in vitro. Emanations from a human hand, incubated sweat, and foot skin residues on a nylon sock were significantly attractive when tested against clean air. In a dual-choice test, foot skin residues were significantly more attractive than emanations from a human hand in vivo. Ammonia alone attracted more mosquitoes than fresh or incubated sweat. However, the odor of a human hand or of foot skin residues were more attractive than ammonia. A known attractive blend of ammonia with lactic acid and carboxylic acids was less effective than natural foot odorants. The results demonstrate that the synthetic blend based on skin odor is attractive for An. gambiae, but that in a choice situation in vitro natural skin odors are still preferred by the mosquito. Differences in volatile organic compound abundances between a worn sock and the synthetic blend may have resulted in stronger attraction to the sock. This suggests that candidate attractants should be evaluated with consideration of the strength of natural odorant sources. The data furthermore suggest that additional unidentified compounds from the human foot are involved in the host-seeking behavior of this mosquito species.
Nasal mast cells in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in guinea‐pigs (1994)

The kinetics of mast cell accumulation in the nasal mucosa during allergen exposure were investigated in the animal model of experimentally induced allergic rhinitis. Guinea-pigs were divided into an unsensitized control group and five sensitized groups each containing five animals. Five sensitized groups were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin, followed by intranasal administration of ovalbumin in each of four groups for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. There were significant increases in the number of mast cells in the epithelium after 2 and 3 weeks in the groups receiving intranasal ovalbumin. No significant changes were detected in the lamina propria and the total number of mast cells. In the lamina propria, the distance between a mast cell and the basement membrane was significantly decreased in the groups after 2, 3 and 4 weeks of intranasal administration. These findings suggest that an infiltration of mast cells from the lamina propria to the epithelium occurred after 2 weeks of intranasal administration of allergen. An electron microscopic study showed no mast cells at the luminal surface of the epithelium and the majority of mast cells lying around the basal cells. This finding suggests that the allergen must penetrate into the epithelium in order to interact with mast cells in guinea-pig nose.
Isolation, purification, and amino acid sequence of lactobin A, one of the two bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus amylovorus LMG P-13139 (1997)

Lactobacillus amylovorus LMG P-13139, isolated from corn steep liquor, produces two bactericidal peptides with respective estimated molecular masses of 4.5 and 6.0 kDa upon denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antimicrobial activity detected in the fermentation supernatant fraction of L. amylovorus LMG P-13139 was heat stable (20 min, 121 degrees C), displayed a narrow inhibitory spectrum, and was sensitive to proteinase K, trypsin, and alpha-chymotrypsin but insensitive to alpha-amylase, lysozyme, catalase, and lipase. The 4.5-kDa bacteriocin was purified and characterized and designated lactobin A. Lactobin A was isolated as a floating pellicle from culture supernatant brought to 35% saturation with ammonium sulfate. Upon this ammonium sulfate treatment, crude lactobin A was incorporated, together with Tween 80 as a major contaminant, in high-molecular-mass complexes sized at approximately 670 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. Contaminating fatty acids were removed from these micelles by a simple one-step methanol-chloroform extraction without loss of activity. Both inhibitory peptides were separated in an isocratic isopropanol gradient on a PepRPC 5/5 reversed-phase column, and both peptides retained activity towards Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009 upon separation. Lactobin A has a molecular mass determined by electrospray mass spectrometry of 4,879 +/- 0.69 Da. Its peptide chain contains 50 unmodified amino acids, of which 26% are glycine residues and 40% are hydrophobic residues (A, V, L, I, and P). It displays the highest structural homology (42% identity and 28% similarity) with the lafX gene product, encoded by the second open reading frame of the lactacin F operon. These data strongly indicate that lactobin A belongs to the class IIb bacteriocins according to the classification of Klaenhammer.
The Structure of Clathrodin, a Novel Alkaloid Isolated from the Caribbean Sea Sponge Agelas clathrodes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Clathrodin, a Novel Alkaloid Isolated from the Caribbean Sea Sponge Agelas clathrodesJosé J. Morales and Abimael D. RodríguezCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 2, 629–631Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50074a051https://doi.org/10.1021/np50074a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of optically active 2,2'-dihalo-1,1'-binaphthyls via stable diazonium salts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of optically active 2,2'-dihalo-1,1'-binaphthyls via stable diazonium saltsKenneth J. Brown, Matthew S. Berry, and Joseph R. MurdochCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 22, 4345–4349Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00222a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00222a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2944Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seasonal Affective Disorder And its Treatments (1998)

The authors review the epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment, possible causes, and treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). They present three new nonpharmacologic interventions that have been developed for patients with winter depression ó bright light therapy, dawn-dusk simulation therapy, and negative air ionization therapy ó and review results for antidepressant drugs. SAD is marked by recurrent major depressive episodes that begin in the fall or winter and remit in late winter or spring. Episode onset appears to depend on outdoor daylight availability (or the time of sunrise), and prevalence is higher at northerly latitudes where winter nights are longer. Patients tend to show atypical neurovegetative symptoms of hypersomnia and hyperphagia ó which are positive predictors of response to light therapy ó as well as pervasive daytime fatigue. Light therapy may act by inducing phase shifts of circadian rhythms (as marked by the timing of melatonin secretion), and may also enhance serotonin function. Post-awakening bright light exposure at 10,000 lux for 30 minutes daily provides an effective, efficient dosing regimen. Timing of light exposure may be critical, and the authors present a schedule based on the individual's habitual sleep pattern. Dawn simulation uses specialized apparatus to present a mimic of pre-sunrise springtime illumination to patients as they sleep, thus illuminating the bedroom when it is still dark outdoors in winter. High-density negative air ionization is a novel, nonphotic intervention which, although imperceptible, was effective in a placebo-controlled trial. Trials of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors have shown moderate benefit for patients with SAD, but remission rates fell short of those for bright light therapy. The authors discuss potential applications of bright light therapy for non-SAD conditions including subsyndromal SAD, premenstrual depression, and bulimia nervosa. A doctor's office questionnaire, the Personal Inventory for Depression and SAD, is included to assist in prescreening patients for seasonal pattern.
Studies on lactams. VI. Stereochemistry of L-prolyl-L-valine anhydride. (1975)

L-Prolyl-L-valine anhydride (I) was obtained from the cultured broth of Streptomyces No. K-73 as a by-product of an antibiotic No. 13-1. The structural elucidation of I were done by the determination of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. Conformation of 2, 5-diketopiperazine group compounds was discussed from the NMR spectra.
Glossary of medical education terms: Part 1 (2002)

Accessibility A measure of the ease with which a specific population can obtain appropriate health services and be served by facilities within the healthcare system. This concept is used to detect inequity in the availability of health services for different populations defined geographically, socially or in terms of their race, ethnicity, gender or clinical condition. Accreditation A self-regulatory process by which governmental, nongovernmental, voluntary associations or other statutory bodies grant formal recognition to educational programs or institutions that meet stated criteria of educational quality. Educational programs or institutions are measured against certain standards by a review of written information, selfstudies, site visits to the educational program, and thoughtful consideration of the findings by a review committee. Whereas programs or institutions are accredited, individual physicians are licensed or certified.
Extragenic Suppressors of the Arabidopsis gaiMutation Alter the Dose-Response Relationship of Diverse Gibberellin Responses1 (1999)

Active gibberellins (GAs) are endogenous factors that regulate plant growth and development in a dose-dependent fashion. Mutant plants that are GA deficient, or exhibit reduced GA responses, display a characteristic dwarf phenotype. Extragenic suppressor analysis has resulted in the isolation of Arabidopsis mutations, which partially suppress the dwarf phenotype conferred by GA deficiency and reduced GA-response mutations. Here we describe detailed studies of the effects of two of these suppressors, spy-7 and gar2-1, on several different GA-responsive growth processes (seed germination, vegetative growth, stem elongation, chlorophyll accumulation, and flowering) and on the in planta amounts of active and inactive GA species. The results of these experiments show that spy-7 and gar2-1 affect the GA dose-response relationship for a wide range of GA responses and suggest that all GA-regulated processes are controlled through a negatively acting GA-signaling pathway.
Analysis of off-axis performance of compliant mechanisms with applications to mobile millirobot design (2009)

We present an approach to quantifying the off-axis stiffness properties of parallel compliant mechanisms used in the design of mobile millirobots. By transforming the stiffness of individual flexure elements and rigid links comprising a compliant mechanism into a global coordinate system, we enable the formulation of an equivalent mechanism stiffness. Using that stiffness in concert with an energy-based performance metric, we predict the performance of a compliant mechanism subjected to a prescribed set of forces in the global coordinate system. We analyze a flexure-based Sarrus linkage and use the performance metric to improve the design by adding topological redundancy. Finally, our approach is experimentally validated by constructing and testing SCM Sarrus linkages in a variety of geometries and topologies and demonstrating agreement between the model and our experiments.
Genomic Profiles of Stroke in Blood (2007)

These studies show that gene expression changes in most patients by 2 to 3 hours after ischemic stroke, and in all patients studied by 24 hours.
Genetic analysis of traditional and evolved Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties by using fluorescence-based ISSR-PCR and SSR markers (2002)

The objective of the present study was to make use of efficient molecular marker systems to reveal genetic relationships in traditional and evolved Basmati (EB) and semidwarf non-Basmati (NB) rice varieties. A subset of three rice groups was analyzed by using 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 12 inter-SSR-PCR primers. A total of 70 SSR alleles and 481 inter-SSR-PCR markers were revealed in 24 varieties from the three groups. The lowest genetic diversity was observed among the traditional Basmati varieties, whereas the EB varieties showed the highest genetic diversity by both the marker assays. The results indicated that the subset of aromatic rice varieties analyzed in the present study is probably derived from a single land race. The traditional Basmati (TB) and semidwarf NB rice varieties used in the present study were clearly delineated by both marker assays. A number of markers, which could unambiguously distinguish the TB varieties used in the present study from the evolved and NB rice varieties, were identified. The potential use of these markers in Basmati rice-breeding programs and authentication of TB varieties used in the present study are envisaged.
Molecular Cloning of a Novel Human CC Chemokine (Eotaxin-3) That Is a Functional Ligand of CC Chemokine Receptor 3 (1999)

Previously, we mapped the novel CC chemokine myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 2 (MPIF-2)/eotaxin-2 to chromosome 7q11.23 (Nomiyama, H., Osborne, L. R., Imai, T., Kusuda, J., Miura, R., Tsui, L.-C., and Yoshie, O. (1998) Genomics 49, 339-340). Since chemokine genes tend to be clustered, unknown chemokines may be present in the vicinity of those mapped to new chromosomal loci. Prompted by this hypothesis, we analyzed the genomic region containing the gene for MPIF-2/eotaxin-2 (SCYA24) and have identified a novel CC chemokine termed eotaxin-3. The genes for MPIF-2/eotaxin-2 (SCYA24) and eotaxin-3 (SCYA26) are localized within a region of approximately 40 kilobases. By Northern blot analysis, eotaxin-3 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the heart and ovary. We have generated recombinant eotaxin-3 in a baculovirus expression system. Eotaxin-3 induced transient calcium mobilization specifically in CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3)-expressing L1.2 cells with an EC(50) of 3 nM. Eotaxin-3 competed the binding of (125)I-eotaxin to CCR3-expressing L1.2 cells with an IC(50) of 13 nM. Eotaxin-3 was chemotactic for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils at high concentrations. Collectively, eotaxin-3 is yet another functional ligand for CCR3. The potency of eotaxin-3 as a CCR3 ligand seems, however, to be approximately 10-fold less than that of eotaxin. Identification of eotaxin-3 will further promote our understanding of the control of eosinophil trafficking and other CCR3-mediated biological phenomena. The strategy used in this study may also be applicable to identification of other unknown chemokine genes.
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing via Electrochemical Measurement of Ferricyanide Reduction by Escherichia coli and Clostridium sporogenes (2000)

Electrochemical measurement of respiratory chain activity allows rapid and reliable screening for antibiotic susceptibility in microorganisms. Chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry of suspensions of aerobically cultivated E. coli combined with the non-native oxidant potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (ferricyanide) yield signals for reoxidation of the reduction product ferrocyanide that are much smaller if the E. coli has been incubated briefly with an effective antibiotic compound. Chronocoulometric results, obtained following 20-min incubation with antibiotic and 2-min measurement in assay buffer containing 50 mM ferricyanide and 10 mM succinate, at +0.50 V vs Ag/AgCl at a Pt working electrode, were compared with traditional disk diffusion susceptibility testing, which requires overnight incubation on agar plates; the results show significantly lower accumulation of ferrocyanide in all cases in which growth inhibition was observed in the disk diffusion assay. A range of antibiotic compounds (13) were examined that possess different mechanisms of action. Quantitative determination of IC50 values for penicillin G and chloramphenicol yielded values that were 100-fold higher than those obtained by standard turbidity methods after 10-h incubation; this is likely a result of the very brief (10 min) exposure time to the antibiotics. Addition of 5 microM 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, a hydrophobic electron-transfer mediator, to the assay mixture allowed susceptibility testing of a Gram-positive obligate anaerobe, Clostridium sporogenes. This rapid new assay will facilitate clinical susceptibility testing, allowing appropriate treatment virtually as soon as a clinical isolate can be obtained.
Efficacy of Gefitinib, an Inhibitor of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, in Symptomatic Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2003)

Gefitinib, a well-tolerated oral EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved disease-related symptoms and induced radiographic tumor regressions in patients with NSCLC persisting after chemotherapy.
Persistence of the synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 cleavage product after intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injections in patients with myelomeningocele showing an inadequate response to treatment (2007)

OBJECTIVE To monitor the presence and cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) by botulinum toxin type A (botox-A), in human detrusor muscle, as the effects of botox-A in the urinary bladder last significantly longer than when applied for disorders of striated muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from eight patients with end-stage neurogenic bladder at different times after injection with botox-A. The resected bladder domes were examined using biochemical and immunohistological techniques. RESULTS The presence of intact SNAP-25 in human bladder was detected, for the first time, in all samples by both Western blotting and immunofluorescence. By contrast, detection of a band potentially representing toxin-cleaved SNAP-25(A) required its enrichment by precipitation with a specific antibody. This putative product was present in four of six patients treated with botox-A 5 weeks to 11 months previously, but could not be detected in one patient 30 months after botox injection, and in an untreated control. Fluorescence microscopy showed no obvious effects of the toxin treatment on the presence and pattern of SNAP-25-positive neurones. CONCLUSIONS A limited amount of SNAP-25 appears to be cleaved in nerves that innervate the smooth detrusor muscle in most patients who had been injected with botox-A; its absolute identification was precluded by the sensitivity of the detection. This protein was detectable much longer after toxin treatment than published for rodent striated muscle, and thus could contribute to the clinically reported longer duration of the effectiveness of botox-A.
Optimization of Interstrand Hydrophobic Packing Interactions within Unnatural DNA Base Pairs (2004)

As part of an effort to expand the genetic alphabet, we have evaluated a large number of predominantly hydrophobic unnatural base pairs. We now report the synthesis and stability of unnatural base pairs formed between simple phenyl rings modified at different positions with methyl groups. Surprisingly, several of the unnatural base pairs are virtually as stable as a natural base pair in the same sequence context. The results show that neither hydrogen-bonding nor large aromatic surface area are required for base pair stability within duplex DNA and that interstrand interactions between small aromatic rings may be optimized for both stability and selectivity. These smaller nucleobases are not expected to induce the distortions in duplex DNA or at the primer terminus that seem to limit replication of larger unnatural base pairs, and they therefore represent a promising approach to the expansion of the genetic alphabet.