gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid necrotic killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is caused by quorum-sensing-controlled production of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2007)

Quorum sensing (QS) denotes a density-dependent mode of inter-bacterial communication based on signal transmitter molecules. Active QS is present during chronic infections with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in immunocompromised patients. The authors have previously demonstrated a QS-regulated tolerance of biofilm bacteria to the antimicrobial properties of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The precise QS-regulated effect on the PMNs is, however, unknown. Incubation of human PMNs with supernatants from dense P. aeruginosa cultures showed that the QS-competent P. aeruginosa induced rapid necrosis of the PMNs. This mechanism was also observed in mouse lungs infected with P. aeruginosa, and in sputum obtained from P.-aeruginosa-infected patients with cystic fibrosis. Evidence is presented that the necrotic effect was caused by rhamnolipids, production of which is QS controlled. The results demonstrate the potential of the QS system to facilitate infections with P. aeruginosa by disabling the PMNs, which are a major first line of defence of the host. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the inhibition of QS as a target for the treatment of infections with P. aeruginosa.
Metal-assisted electrochemical etching of silicon (2010)

In this paper the metal-assisted electrochemical etching of silicon is introduced. By electrochemical measurement and sequent simulation, it is revealed that the potential of the valence band maximum at the silicon/metal interface is more negative than that of the silicon/electrolyte interface. Accordingly, holes injected from the back contact are driven preferentially to the silicon/metal interface. Consequently, silicon below metal is electrochemically etched much faster than a naked silicon surface without metal coverage. Metals such as Ag and Cu have been utilized to catalyze the electrochemical etching. Feature sizes as small as 30 nm can be achieved by metal-assisted electrochemical etching. Meanwhile, the metal-assisted electrochemical etching method enables convenient control over the etching direction of non-(100) substrates, and facilitates the fabrication of orientation-modulated silicon nanostructures.
Blunt Body in Hypersonic Electromagnetic Flow Field (2003)

A combined experimental and computational effort has been devoted to investigate the interaction of a plasma countere ow jet and magnetoaerodynamic blunt-body phenomenon in hypersonic streams. The weakly ionized, countere ow jet generated by a plasma torch has a vibrionic temperature of 4400 K, an electron temperature around 20,000 K, and electron number density greater than 3 £10 12 /cm 3 . Ata e xed injection stagnation pressure, theplasmainjection actually increasesdrag abovethat oftheroom-temperatureaircounterpart dueto a decreased mass e ow rate at the elevated temperature. However, at the identical mass e ow rate, the plasma injection reveals a greater drag reduction than the room-temperature air jet. It was found that the drag reduction is mostly derived from the viscous‐ inviscid interaction of the countere ow jet and thermal energy deposition. For the magnetoaerodynamic blunt-body experiment, the electromagnetic effect by an applied magnetic e eld from the blunt body is detectable, but its quantie cation remains elusive.
Differential regulation of the slow and rapid components of guinea‐pig cardiac delayed rectifier K+ channels by hypoxia (2003)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute hypoxia on the slow (I(Ks)) and rapid (I(Kr)) components of the native delayed rectifier K+ channel in the absence and presence of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (isoprenaline; Iso) using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Hypoxia reversibly inhibited basal I(Ks). The effect could be mimicked by exposing the cells to the thiol-specific reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and attenuated upon exposure of cells to the membrane-impermeant thiol-specific oxidizing compound 5,5'-dithio-bis[2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB). In the presence of hypoxia, the K(0.5) for activation of I(Ks) by Iso was significantly decreased from 18.3 to 1.9 nm. DTT mimicked the effect of hypoxia on the sensitivity of I(Ks) to Iso while DTNB had no effect. Hypoxia increased the sensitivity of I(Ks) to histamine and forskolin suggesting that the effect of hypoxia is not occurring at the beta-adrenergic receptor. The increase in sensitivity of I(Ks) to Iso could be attenuated with addition of PKCbeta peptide to the pipette solution. While hypoxia and DTT inhibited basal I(Ks) they were without effect on I(Kr.) In addition, Iso did not appear to alter the magnitude of I(Kr) in the absence or presence of hypoxia. These data suggest that hypoxia regulates native I(Ks) through two distinct mechanisms: direct inhibition of basal I(Ks) and an increase in sensitivity to Iso that occurs downstream from the beta-adrenergic receptor. Both mechanisms appear to involve redox modification of thiol groups. In contrast native I(Kr) does not appear to be regulated by Iso, hypoxia or redox state.
Identification of the catalytic nucleophile of the Family 31 α-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger via trapping of a 5-fluoroglycosyl–enzyme intermediate (2001)

The mechanism-based reagent 5-fluoro-α-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride (5FαGlcF) was used to trap a glycosyl–enzyme intermediate and identify the catalytic nucleophile at the active site of Aspergillus niger α-glucosidase (Family 31). Incubation of the enzyme with 5FαGlcF, followed by peptic proteolysis and comparative liquid chromatography/MS mapping allowed the isolation of a labelled peptide. Fragmentation analysis of this peptide by tandem MS yielded the sequence WYDMSE, with the label located on the aspartic acid residue (D). Comparison with the known protein sequence identified the labelled amino acid as Asp-224 of the P2 subunit.
Poly(L-lactic acid) foams with cell seeding and controlled-release capacity (1996)

A synthetic porous three-dimensional structure that can mimic the architecture of actual tissues, provide sustained release of nutrients or growth factors, and serve as a template for cell seeding would be an ideal substrate for tissue engineering. Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) foams were fabricated for this purpose, based on the principle of phase separation from homogeneous naphthalene solutions. Complex shapes could be readily fabricated, and resulting foams had relatively uniform, open cells throughout the matrix. Densities and total pore-surface areas were in the range of 0.05-0.1 g/cm3 and 0.8-1.3 m2/g, respectively. The loss tangent of these foams ranged from 0.07 to 0.128, as measured by thermomechanical analysis. Naphthalene residue in the resulting foams went below 0.2 wt% after extensive vacuum sublimation. Feasibility of incorporating drugs or nutrients into such a highly porous structure was demonstrated by the dispersion of two model compounds, bromothymol blue (BTB) and sulforhodamine B (SD), in the matrix. Sustained release of BTB from the foam with a porosity as high as 87% was observed for more than 2 months. Alkaline phosphatase, as a model protein to be incorporated, lost approximately 30% of its bioactivity during the fabrication. As a cell-culture substrate, the PLLA foams performed as well as the flat PLLA surface in supporting the growth of rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and in maintaining their functions such as alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis. UMR-106 cells cultured in the foam also expressed a higher degree of mineralization than those cultured on the flat PLLA substrate.
Apoyo emocional en la mujer durante el proceso de IVE (2006)

espanolEn este relato se narra la experiencia vivida por una mujer, que quiere estar en el anonimato y nos cuenta su eleccion ante un acontecimiento no esperado ni deseado, como es un embarazo, en un momento determinado de su vida, nos cuenta sus motivaciones y circunstancias tanto personales como familiares que le hacen tomar la decision de interrumpir voluntariamente el embarazo EnglishIn this report, the experience lived by a woman that wants to be anonymous is told. She tells us her motivations an circumstances, from both the personal and family points of view, which lead her to make the decision to terminate her pregnancy voluntarily
ADVANCE REPORT OF FINAL NATALITY STATISTIC, 1992 (1994)

Final data on natality are presented from the centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the National Center for Health Statistics. They are based upon birth certificate data and were prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics. Statistics are given for natality in the US under the following sections: births and birth rates by race and according to total fertility geographic areas sex ratio month of birth day of week place of delivery attendant at birth age of father weight at birth multiple births unmarried mothers interval education Hispanic births American Indian and Asian or Pacific Islander births prenatal care prenatal visits period of gestation and Apgar score. References and a list of tables are included. Technical notes cover source of data; race; population denominators; computation of rates; births by marital status of mother; birthweight; period of gestation and birthweight; computations of percents percent distributions and medians; random variation; and related reports.
Amyloid P component. A critical review (1997)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: amyloidamyloidosisamyloid P component (AP)serum amyloid P component (SAP)crystal structureligand binding
Cell culture methods for molecular and cell biology. Vol. 1, 2, 3 & 4. (1984)

Fibroblast-collagen-matrix contraction provides a unique way to study reciprocal geometric and mechanical interactions between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Such interactions are difficult to appreciate or examine in routine cell culture because the culture surface is usually fixed in place. Forces exerted on collagen fibrils by cells cause isometric tension to develop in the cells if the collagen resists deformation; by contrast, the cells remain mechanically unloaded in the absence of matrix resistance. Recent evidence suggests that the state of cellular mechanical loading determines the mechanism that cells use to regulate contraction.
The Role of Geomechanics in Reservoir Simulation (1998)

Abstract The paper presents a discussion on the issues related to the interaction between geomechanics and reservoir simulation in deformable hydrocarbon reservoirs. Geomechanics is important in order to account for rock deformations due to pore pressure and temperature changes resulting from production and fluid injection. Rock deformation can affect the permeability and pore compressibility of the rock. In turn, the pore pressures will be vary due to changes in the pore volume. Geomechanics is also required in order to account for the effect of the non-pay rock surrounding the reservoir on the overall reservoir compressibility and the loads transmitted to the reservoir by the weight of the overburden rock. The paper gives the formulation and finite element discretization of Biot's equations for multi-phase fluid flow in deformable porous media. Based on this formulation, it is argued that geomechanical response and multi-phase fluid flow are fully-coupled processes in that pore pressure changes affect rock mechanical response and vice-versa, and that the two processes occur simultaneously. By contrasting Biot's equations and its discretization to the corresponding multiphase fluid flow equations used in reservoir simulations, it is shown that reservoir simulators neglect or simplify important geomechanical aspects that can have impact on reservoir productivity. This is attributed to the fact that the only rock mechanical parameter involved in reservoir simulations is pore compressibility. This parameter is not sufficient in representing aspects of rock behaviour such as stress path dependency and dilatancy, which require a full constitutive relation. Furthermore, the pore pressure changes due to the applied loads from the non-pay rock cannot be accounted for by simply adjusting the pore compressibility. Example problems are shown in order to illustrate the value of coupling geomechanics to reservoir simulators. Finally, the practical benefits of using coupled geomechanics and reservoir simulations are discussed. P. 439
Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in Infants and Children (1978)

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica was studied in a total of 2,969 healthy infants and children in Danbury, Conn., between October 1971 and June 1975. The prevalence of N. meningitidis averaged 0.71% during the first four years of life and increased to 5.4% by 14--17 years. Rates of carriage of N. lactamica increased from 3.8% in three-month-old infants to a peak of 21.0% at 18 months and then declined to 1.8% by 14--17 years of age. Of the children who acquired N. lactamica, 66% developed fourfold or greater rises in titers of IgG antibody to groups A, B, and/or C meningococci as determined by immunofluorescence compared with only 5% of control children. Of new carriers of N. lactamica, 40% developed increased titers of bactericidal antibody to groups A, B, and/or C meningococci as compared with 7% of noncarriers. Carriage of N. lactamica may assist in the development of natural immunity to N. meningitidis by induction of cross-reactive antibodies.
Enantioselective O- and N-Nitroso Aldol Synthesis of Tin Enolates. Isolation of Three BINAP−Silver Complexes and Their Role in Regio- and Enantioselectivity (2004)

The selective generation of three different silver-BINAP catalysts has been achieved via the proper combination of metal/ligand ratio and/or choice of silver salt. Indeed, the X-ray crystallographic study has been used to gain insight into the structure of the catalyst. After the evaluation of each species, 1:1 (AgX.(R)-BINAP) complex was found to be the real active species in the O-selective nitroso aldol reaction. On the other hand, a systematic survey of solvent has shown that the optimal 2:1 (AgX.(R)-BINAP) complex is the effective catalyst in the N-selective pathway. Thus, a new method of generation of the silver-BINAP catalyst and the synthetic transformations provide not only new insights into the developing area of catalytic enantioselective nitroso aldol synthesis but also clear guidance for the design of an effective catalyst.
HES and HERP families: Multiple effectors of the notch signaling pathway (2003)

Notch signaling dictates cell fate and critically influences cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in metazoans. Multiple factors at each step-ligands, receptors, signal transducers and effectors-play critical roles in executing the pleiotropic effects of Notch signaling. Ligand-binding results in proteolytic cleavage of Notch receptors to release the signal-transducing Notch intracellular domain (NICD). NICD migrates into the nucleus and associates with the nuclear proteins of the RBP-Jkappa family (also known as CSL or CBF1/Su(H)/Lag-1). RBP-Jkappa, when complexed with NICD, acts as a transcriptional activator, and the RBP-Jkappa-NICD complex activates expression of primary target genes of Notch signaling such as the HES and enhancer of split [E(spl)] families. HES/E(spl) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type of transcriptional repressor, and suppresses expression of downstream target genes such as tissue-specific transcriptional activators. Thus, HES/E(spl) directly affects cell fate decisions as a primary Notch effector. HES/E(spl) had been the only known effector of Notch signaling until a recent discovery of a related but distinct bHLH protein family, termed HERP (HES-related repressor protein, also called Hey/Hesr/HRT/CHF/gridlock). In this review, we summarize the recent data supporting the idea of HERP being a new Notch effector, and provide an overview of the similarities and differences between HES and HERP in their biochemical properties as well as their tissue distribution. One key observation derived from identification of HERP is that HES and HERP form a heterodimer and cooperate for transcriptional repression. The identification of the HERP family as a Notch effector that cooperates with HES/E(spl) family has opened a new avenue to our understanding of the Notch signaling pathway.
A Charging and Rewarding Scheme for Packet Forwarding (2003)

In multi-hop cellular networks, data packets have to be relayed hop by hop from a given mobile station to a base station and vice-versa. This means that the mobile stations must accept to forward information for the benefit of other stations. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism that is based on a charging/rewarding scheme and that makes collaboration rational for selfish nodes. We base our solution on symmetric cryptography to cope with the limited resources of the mobile stations. We provide a set of protocols and study their robustness with respect to various attacks. By leveraging on the relative stability of the routes, our solution leads to a very moderate overhead.
Seasonal changes of glucosinolates in Isatis leaves, and effect of harvest regimen and post-harvest treatment (2007)

Woad, Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae) is an ancient indigo dye and medicinal plant, which has been used and cultivated in Europe since antiquity. The anti-inflammatory potential of Isatis tinctoria had been analyzed in a broad-based pharmacological profiling, and inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), human neutrophil elastase, and histamine release were identified [1]. Animal pharmacological studies and a clinical pilot study corroborated the anti-inflammatory potential of lipophilic Isatis extracts [2]. We observed that the phytochemical profile of woad undergoes profound changes during post-harvest treatment. For example, the indigo precursors are largely transformed, whereas the dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor tryptanthrin is formed only during the drying process [3]. The precursors of tryptanthrin are presently unknown, but the tetracyclic ring system contains at least one indole unit. We believe that some additional alkaloids with indole moieties may also be formed only during the drying process. Indole glucosinolates occur in rather high concentration in fresh Isatis leaves and are thus potential precursors for such alkaloids. As parts of a comprehensive metabolite profiling, we investigated the seasonal fluctuation of these glucosinolates of five Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica accessions (first year, rosette stage) grown on field plots under identical conditions. The effects of repeated harvesting during the growth season on glucosinolate concentrations, and the influence of post-harvest processing were studied. Analysis of the non-derivatized glucosinolates was carried out with a recently developed and validated PLE (pressurized liqiud extraction) protocol and ion-pair HPLC coupled with ESI-MS detection in the negative ion mode.
Die geheime lewe van Anne Frank Die Agterhuis : dagboekbriewe 12 Junie 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944, Anne Frank : resensie (2009)

Byna 65 jaar na haar voortydige dood in Bergen-Belsen, gryp die lewe van Annelies Marie Frank (beter bekend as Anne Frank) steeds wereldwyd die verbeelding van skrywers en lesers aan. Die eerste uitgawe van die dagboekbriewe wat Anne vanaf 1942 tot 1944 as onderduiker in die agterste gedeelte van die huis aan die Prinsengracht 263 in Amsterdam gehou het, is in 1947 gepubliseer. Sedertdien is daar soveel geskryf oor haar en haar dagboek (gepubliseer onder die titel Het Achterhuis), dat dit heeltemal moontlik is om 'n besliste mening oor Anne Frank te he, sonder dat jy 'n enkele woord van haar dagboekbriewe self gelees het. Cynthia Ozick beweer byvoorbeeld dat die verhaal van Anne Frank sedert die publikasie van die dagboek verdraai, verander, beswadder, verklein, kinderagtig gemaak, veramerikaniseer, versentimentaliseer, verkitsch en op blatante wyse ontken is.
PC3, but not DU145, human prostate cancer cells retain the coregulators required for tumor suppressor ability of androgen receptor (2006)

These results document that PC3, but not DU145 cells retain the coregulators needed for AR tumor suppressor ability.
A phase I trial of paclitaxel and trastuzumab in combination with interleukin-12 in patients with HER2/neu-expressing malignancies (2009)

Our preclinical work showed a dramatic synergy between interleukin-12 (IL-12) and trastuzumab for stimulation of natural killer cell cytokine secretion. We aimed to determine the safety profile of IL-12 when given in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel to patients with metastatic HER2-overexpressing cancers. Paclitaxel was given i.v. at 175 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks. Trastuzumab was given on day 1 each week (4 mg/kg initially and 2 mg/kg thereafter) in combination with injections of IL-12 on days 2 and 5 starting in cycle 2. This trial accrued 21 patients with metastatic HER2-positive tumors (breast, 7; colon, 6; esophagus, 4; stomach, 2; pancreas, 1; thyroid, 1). The IL-12 component was dose-escalated in cohorts of three patients. The dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 fatigue at the 300 ng/kg dose level in two patients. The recommended phase II dose was 200 ng/kg administered s.c. There was one complete response in a patient with breast cancer, partial responses in 4 patients (breast, 2; esophageal, 2), and stabilization of disease lasting 3 months or greater (SD) in 6 other patients. All but one response occurred in patients with HER2 3+ disease. Two SD patients completed 1 year of therapy. Ten patients had progressive disease. There was increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased levels of IFN-gamma and several chemokines in patients with clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or SD), but not in patients with progressive disease. IL-12 in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel therefore exhibits an acceptable toxicity profile and has activity in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.
Simulation metamodelling with neural networks: An experimental investigation (2002)

Artificial neural networks are often proposed as an alternative approach for formalizing various quantitative and qualitative aspects of complex systems. This paper examines the robustness of using neural networks as a simulation metamodel to estimate manufacturing system performances. Simulation models of a job shop system are developed for various configurations to train neural network metamodels. Extensive computational tests are carried out with the proposed models at various factor levels (study horizon, system load, initial system status, stochasticity, system size and error assessment methods) to see the metamodel accuracy. The results indicate that simulation metamodels with neural networks can be effectively used to estimate the system performances.
The akuB KU80 Mutant Deficient for Nonhomologous End Joining Is a Powerful Tool for Analyzing Pathogenicity in Aspergillus fumigatus (2006)

To increase the frequency of homologous recombination, we inactivated the KU80 homologue in Aspergillus fumigatus (named akuB(KU80)). Homologous integration reached about 80% for both calcineurin A (calA) and polyketide synthase pksP (alb1) genes in the akuB(KU80) mutant to 3 and 5%, respectively, when using a wild-type A. fumigatus strain. Deletion of akuB(KU80) had no influence on pathogenicity in a low-dose murine infection model.