gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolving Adeno-Associated Viral Particle Diversity With Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are promising vectors for human gene therapy. However, current methods for evaluating AAV particle populations and vector purity are inefficient and low resolution. Here, we show that charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) can resolve capsids that contain the entire vector genome from those that contain partial genomes and from empty capsids. Measurements were performed for both single-stranded and self-complementary genomes. The self-complementary AAV vector preparation appears to contain particles with partially truncated genomes averaging at half the genome length. Comparison to results from electron microscopy with manual particle counting shows that CDMS has no significant mass discrimination in the relevant mass range (after a correction for the ion velocity is taken into account). Empty AAV capsids are intrinsically heterogeneous, and capsids from different sources have slightly different masses. However, the average masses of both the empty and full capsids are in close agreement with expected values. Mass differences between the empty and full capsids for both single-stranded and self-complementary AAV vectors indicate that the genomes are largely packaged without counterions.
Heat flow in the stator core of large turbine-generators, by the method of three-dimensional finite elements part II: Temperature distribution in the stator iron (1976)

The steady state heat flow problem in the atator cores of large turbine-generators is solved using three-dimensional finite elements. The results are compared with those obtained by a thermal resistive network procedure and with factory test data. Three-dimensional plots of core iron isotherms are shown which describe the entire temperature field. Recommendations are made to extend the application of this powerful technique.
Randomized controlled trial comparing ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia due to abnormal uterine bleeding (2015)

Treatment with FCM resulted in a rapid increase in hemoglobin levels in patients with anemia due to AUB, with similar increases in hemoglobin over a 12-week period. Clinical Trial Registration (www.ctri.nic.in):CTRI/2015/09/006224.
Sarcoma Derived from Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

To study the biodistribution of MSCs, we labeled adult murine C57BL/6 MSCs with firefly luciferase and DsRed2 fluorescent protein using nonviral Sleeping Beauty transposons and coinfused labeled MSCs with bone marrow into irradiated allogeneic recipients. Using in vivo whole-body imaging, luciferase signals were shown to be increased between weeks 3 and 12. Unexpectedly, some mice with the highest luciferase signals died and all surviving mice developed foci of sarcoma in their lungs. Two mice also developed sarcomas in their extremities. Common cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in tumor cells isolated from different animals. Original MSC cultures not labeled with transposons, as well as independently isolated cultured MSCs, were found to be cytogenetically abnormal. Moreover, primary MSCs derived from the bone marrow of both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed cytogenetic aberrations after several passages in vitro, showing that transformation was not a strain-specific nor rare event. Clonal evolution was observed in vivo, suggesting that the critical transformation event(s) occurred before infusion. Mapping of the transposition insertion sites did not identify an obvious transposon-related genetic abnormality, and p53 was not overexpressed. Infusion of MSC-derived sarcoma cells resulted in malignant lesions in secondary recipients. This new sarcoma cell line, S1, is unique in having a cytogenetic profile similar to human sarcoma and contains bioluminescent and fluorescent genes, making it useful for investigations of cellular biodistribution and tumor response to therapy in vivo. More importantly, our study indicates that sarcoma can evolve from MSC cultures.
An experimental study on oxidizer treatment used to improve the seepage capacity of coal reservoirs (2019)

It is difficult to stimulate coal reservoirs in physical approaches, and the recovery factor of coalbed methane (CBM) can be enhanced by applying strong oxidizers through oxidation to stimulate coal reservoirs. At present, however, there have been very few studies on the oxidation of CBM and fewer experimental studies for systematically evaluating the effect of oxidation on the seepage capacity of coal reservoirs. In this paper, the coal samples taken from coal seams of the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in the Heishan Coal Mine, Toksun, Xinjiang, were selected as the study objects. Hydrogen peroxide solution immersion experiments were carried out on columnar and powdered coal samples, respectively to measure the permeability of columnar coal samples, the dissolution rate of powdered coal samples and the property parameters of hydrogen peroxide solution. Then, the reaction mechanisms between coal samples and hydrogen peroxide and the mechanisms to improve the seepage capacity of coal reservoirs were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrum and wetting angle measurement. Finally, the stimulation effect of oxidation was compared with that of acidification. The following research results were obtained. (1) The permeability of coal samples is increased significantly after oxidation to 1.4–3.2 times the original permeability. (2) A large number of micro-fractures and dissolved pores are formed in the coal samples after oxidation, and consequently pore connectivity is improved greatly. Thus, the amount of associative hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of the coal samples increases, and the water wettability on the surface reduces. (3) Organic matters and pyrites are oxidized and consumed easily, and the generated H+ and micro-molecular aliphatic acids further dissolve inorganic mineral components. (4) Oxidation also has the advantage of acidification for dissolving inorganic mineral components, so there is a low and controllable probability of generating coal powder. In conclusion, applying strong oxidizers has the potential to become a new technology for coal reservoir stimulation. Keywords: Coal rock, Oxidation, Permeability, Pore connectivity, Acidification, Micro-fracture and dissolved pore, Dissolving inorganic minerals, Coal reservoir stimulation
Code Injection Attacks on HTML5-based Mobile Apps (2014)

HTML5-based mobile apps become more and more popular, mostly because they are much easier to be ported across different mobile platforms than native apps. HTML5-based apps are implemented using the standard web technologies, including HTML5, JavaScript and CSS; they depend on some middlewares, such as PhoneGap, to interact with the underlying OS. Knowing that JavaScript is subject to code injection attacks, we have conducted a systematic study on HTML5-based mobile apps, trying to evaluate whether it is safe to rely on the web technologies for mobile app development. Our discoveries are quite surprising. We found out that if HTML5-based mobile apps become popular--it seems to go that direction based on the current projection--many of the things that we normally do today may become dangerous, including reading from 2D barcodes, scanning Wi-Fi access points, playing MP4 videos, pairing with Bluetooth devices, etc. This paper describes how HTML5-based apps can become vulnerable, how attackers can exploit their vulnerabilities through a variety of channels, and what damage can be achieved by the attackers. In addition to demonstrating the attacks through example apps, we have studied 186 PhoneGap plugins, used by apps to achieve a variety of functionalities, and we found that 11 are vulnerable. We also found two real HTML5-based apps that are vulnerable to the attacks.
Synthesis of 2-substituted derivatives of 5-amino-1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide. Ring opening reactions of 2-azapurine nucleosides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-substituted derivatives of 5-amino-1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide. Ring opening reactions of 2-azapurine nucleosidesGeorge A. Ivanovics, Robert J. Rousseau, Masajiro Kawana, Prem C. Srivastava, and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 25, 3651–3654Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00939a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00939a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High pulse pressure and low mean arterial pressure: two predictors of death after a myocardial infarction (2006)

Our results show for the first time an additional prognostic importance of two easily measurable components of BP, definitely high pulse pressure (> 60 mmHg) and low MAP (< or = 80 mmHg), in a large sample of non-selected patients surviving MI who entered a modern programme of cardiovascular prevention.
Smad1 Recognition and Activation by the ALK1 Group of Transforming Growth Factor-β Family Receptors (1999)

Two structural elements, the L45 loop on the kinase domain of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family type I receptors and the L3 loop on the MH2 domain of Smad proteins, determine the specificity of the interactions between these receptors and Smad proteins. The L45 sequence of the TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) specifies Smad2 interaction, whereas the related L45 sequence of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor (BMPR-I) specifies Smad1 interactions. Here we report that members of a third receptor group, which includes ALK1 and ALK2 from vertebrates and Saxophone from Drosophila, specifically phosphorylate and activate Smad1 even though the L45 sequence of this group is very divergent from that of BMPR-I. We investigated the structural elements that determine the specific recognition of Smad1 by ALK1 and ALK2. In addition to the receptor L45 loop and the Smad1 L3 loop, the specificity of this recognition requires the alpha-helix 1 of Smad1. The alpha-helix 1 is a conserved structural element located in the vicinity of the L3 loop on the surface of the Smad MH2 domain. Thus, Smad1 recognizes two distinct groups of receptors, the BMPR-I group and the ALK1 group, through different L45 sequences on the receptor kinase domain and a differential use of two surface structures on the Smad1 MH2 domain.
The Nuclear Induction Experiment (1946)

The phenomenon of nuclear induction has been studied experimentally. The apparatus used is described, both as to principle and detail. Experiments have been carried out in which the signals from protons contained in a variety of substances were observed. The results show the role played by the relaxation time, which was found to vary between about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ second and many seconds.
High-density lipoprotein stimulates endothelial cell movement by a mechanism distinct from basic fibroblast growth factor. (1994)

Endothelial cell (EC) migration is a regulatory event in the formation and repair of blood vessels. Although serum contains substantial promigratory activity, the responsible components and especially the role of lipoproteins have not been determined. We examined the effect of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on the movement of ECs in vitro. Confluent cultures of bovine aortic ECs in serum-free medium were "wounded," and migration was measured after 24 hours. HDL stimulated migration in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal response at 25 to 40 micrograms cholesterol per milliliter and a maximal twofold stimulation at approximately 150 micrograms cholesterol per milliliter. HDL-stimulated migration was not due to cell proliferation, since migration was increased in the presence of hydroxyurea at a concentration that blocked proliferation. At optimal concentrations, HDL was at least as stimulatory as basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). However, the activity of HDL was not due to contamination by basic FGF, since antibodies to basic FGF did not block HDL-stimulated movement and since the maximum promigratory activities of basic FGF and HDL were additive. These results indicate that HDL and basic FGF may use distinct signaling pathways to initiate EC movement. This possibility was confirmed by results showing that pertussis toxin suppressed basic FGF-stimulated but not HDL-stimulated EC motility and that inhibitors of phospholipase A2, aristolochic acid and ONO-RS-082, also blocked the promigratory activity of basic FGF but had no effect on the activity of HDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrically interconnected assemblies of microscale device components by printing and molding (2009)

This letter presents approaches for assembly and electrical interconnection of micro/nanoscale devices into functional systems with useful characteristics. Transfer printing techniques provide deterministic control over an assembly process that occurs prior to or simultaneously with a soft lithographic molding step that defines relief features in a receiving polymer. Filling these features with conducting materials that are processable in the form of liquids or pastes yields integrated interconnects and contacts aligned to the devices. Studies of the underlying aspects and application to representative systems in photovoltaics and solid state lighting indicators provide insights into the process and its practical use.
New procedures for rapid screening of leaf lipid components from Arabidopsis (1998)

Four procedures have ben developed to simplify routine analysis of large numbers of plant lipid samples. First, a rapid extraction method has been devised in which the key step consists of washing propan-2-ol-chloroform extracts with an aqueous phase impregnating solid SephadexTM G-25-300. The extracts are then separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light-scattering detection, using a complex gradient that permits separation of most of the important simple lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid classes in sequence. An example of an application to the analysis of a newly generated mutant is illustrated. In addition, a novel solid-phase extraction procedure with a bonded propylamine phase allows separation of four broad classes, simple lipids, glycolipids, zwitterionic phospholipids and acidic phospholipids (plus sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), for further analysis. Finally, base-catalysed transesterification followed by HPLC analysis, permits identification of those lipids that do not contain conventional ester bonds. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Response Factor-GATA Ternary Complex Required for Nuclear Signaling by a G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (2001)

Endothelins are a family of biologically active peptides that are critical for development and function of neural crest-derived and cardiovascular cells. These effects are mediated by two G-protein-coupled receptors and involve transcriptional regulation of growth-responsive and/or tissue-specific genes. We have used the cardiac ANF promoter, which represents the best-studied tissue-specific endothelin target, to elucidate the nuclear pathways responsible for the transcriptional effects of endothelins. We found that cardiac-specific response to endothelin 1 (ET-1) requires the combined action of the serum response factor (SRF) and the tissue-restricted GATA proteins which bind over their adjacent sites, within a 30-bp ET-1 response element. We show that SRF and GATA proteins form a novel ternary complex reminiscent of the well-characterized SRF-ternary complex factor interaction required for transcriptional induction of c-fos in response to growth factors. In transient cotransfections, GATA factors and SRF synergistically activate atrial natriuretic factor and other ET-1-inducible promoters that contain both GATA and SRF binding sites. Thus, GATA factors may represent a new class of tissue-specific SRF accessory factors that account for muscle- and other cell-specific SRF actions.
An image database browser that learns from user interaction (1996)

Digital libraries of images and video are rapidly growing in size and availability. To avoid the expense and limitations of text, there is considerable interest in navigation by perceptual and other automatically extractable attributes. Unfortunately, the relevance of an attribute for a query is not always obvious. Queries which go beyond explicit color, shape, and positional cues must incorporate multiple features in complex ways. This dissertation uses machine learning to automatically select and combine features to satisfy a query, based on positive and negative examples from the user. The learning algorithm does not just learn during the course of one session: it learns continuously, across sessions. The learner improves its learning ability by dynamically modifying its inductive bias, based on experience over multiple sessions. Experiments demonstrate the ability to assist image classification, segmentation, and annotation (labeling of image regions). The common theme of this work...
Ectopic Pregnancy (2009)

A healthy 29-year-old woman who has been trying to conceive presents with vaginal spotting for the past 5 days and intermittent crampy abdominal pain in her left lower quadrant for the past 3 days. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks and 2 days before presentation. She has had a spontaneous vaginal delivery and an anembryonic gestation treated by dilation and curettage. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
Major histocompatibility complex class I‐dependent cell binding to isolated Ly‐49A: evidence for high‐avidity interaction (1996)

Ly-49A molecules negatively regulate a subset of mouse natural killer (NK) cells, preventing lysis of H-2Dd-expressing target cells. In the present report, we immunoaffinity-purified Ly-49A from the EL4 lymphoma using the A1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and examined cell adhesion to immobilized Ly-49A. Adhesion was observed by cells expressing relatively high levels of H-2Dd, but not cells expressing very low or no cell surface Dd, while antibodies specific for Dd or Ly-49A inhibited the cell binding, indicating that Dd and Ly-49A mediate the observed adhesion. The density of immobilized Ly-49A was varied and confirmed by ELISA. Cell binding exhibited a threshold Ly-49A density requirement, and above this threshold, increases in Ly-49A density resulted in substantial increases in cell adhesion to a high maximum cell binding. The density of Ly-49A homodimers required to mediate cell adhesion was found to be quite low: 140-250 molecules/microm2. These results suggest that the avidity of Ly-49A for Dd is relatively high and indicate that small changes in Ly-49A density near the threshold result in large changes in stable Ly-49A receptor engagement. The relatively sharp threshold and marked density dependence presented here for Ly-49A receptor engagement may explain the observation that relatively small differences in Ly-49A expression level on NK cells result in significant differences in functional outcome, i.e. whether a target cell expressing a low level of Dd is spared from lysis or not.
The Importance of Protein Kinase A in Prostate Cancer: Relationship to Patient Outcome in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 92-02 (2009)

PKA(RIalpha) overexpression has been shown in two RTOG trials to be associated with an increased risk of failure after AD + RT. In this series of contemporary high-risk patients, PKA(RIalpha) overexpression was associated with diminished response to LTAD + RT relative to STAD + RT, suggesting that such patients would be ideal for a PKA(RIalpha) knockdown strategy.
An Efficient Strategy to Drive Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotubes and the Remarkable Effect of Confinement on Their Catalytic Performance (2009)

Are you in? Bimetallic PtRu nanoparticles have been selectively confined inside or deposited outside carbon nanotubes (see picture). The confined nanoparticles display significantly higher selectivity and catalytic activity in hydrogenation reactions.
Phase 2 Randomized Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of MHAA4549A, a Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody, in a Human Influenza A Virus Challenge Model (2017)

MHAA4549A, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the hemagglutinin stalk region of influenza A virus (IAV), is being developed as a therapeutic for patients hospitalized with severe IAV infection. The safety and efficacy of MHAA4549A were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in a human IAV challenge model. One hundred healthy volunteers were inoculated with A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) IAV and, 24 to 36 h later, administered a single intravenous dose of either placebo, MHAA4549A (400, 1,200, or 3,600 mg), or a standard oral dose of oseltamivir. Subjects were assessed for safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity. The intent-to-treat-infected (ITTI) population was assessed for changes in viral load, influenza symptoms, and inflammatory biomarkers. MHAA4549A was well tolerated in all IAV challenge subjects. The 3,600-mg dose of MHAA4549A significantly reduced the viral burden relative to that of the placebo as determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of nasopharyngeal virus infection, quantified using quantitative PCR (98%) and 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID<sub>50</sub>) (100%) assays. Peak viral load, duration of viral shedding, influenza symptom scores, mucus weight, and inflammatory biomarkers were also reduced. Serum PK was linear with a half-life of ∼23 days. No MHAA4549A-treated subjects developed anti-drug antibodies. In conclusion, MHAA4549A was well tolerated and demonstrated statistically significant and substantial antiviral activity in an IAV challenge model. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01980966.).
A Combination of Systemic and Intracranial Anti-CD25 Immunotherapy Elicits a Long-Time Survival in Murine Model of Glioma (2009)

Abrogating the suppression of glioma-infiltrating Tregs in the periphery and the central nervous system is essential to successful glioma rejection. We sought to improve the immune response in glioma-bearing mice, by investigating new strategies using the anti-CD25 immunotherapy. We found a complete long-term survival of glioma-bearing mice treated with a combination of systemic and intracranial anti-CD25 mAb immunotherapy as compared to systemic administration of anti-CD25 mAb. In addition, the group of mice that had been cured by the combined anti-CD25 mAb showed long-term survival without late tumor relapse when challenged with the GL261 glioma. The antitumor immune response was investigated by analysis of antitumor immune response (CTL). Results showed that the use of the combined injections of anti-CD25 mAb induced efficient targeting of Tregs expansion inside and outside of the brain and altered Tregs trafficking in the bone marrow and brain areas where antitumor immunity was primed.