gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone exerts hematopoietic growth-promoting effects in vivo and partially counteracts the myelosuppressive effects of azidothymidine (1992)

Abstract Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was administered to mice to determine its effect on hematopoiesis. BALB/c mice and mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), which lack T cells and B cells, were administered intraperitoneal injections of rhGH for 7 days. Upon analysis, both strains of mice exhibited an increase in splenic and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell content and cellularity, indicating that rhGH can act as a hematopoietic growth factor. C57BL/6 mice were then placed on azidothymidine (AZT). AZT is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor currently used as a treatment for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but which also produces significant myelotoxic effects. Treatment of mice with rhGH partially counteracted the myelosuppressive properties of AZT. Bone marrow cellularity, hematocrit values, white blood cell counts, and splenic hematopoietic progenitor cell content were all significantly increased if rhGH (20 micrograms injected intraperitoneally every other day) was concurrently administered with AZT. Administration of ovine GH (ovGH), which, unlike rhGH, has no effect on murine prolactin receptors, also prevented the erythroid-suppressive effects of AZT in mice, but had no significant effect on granulocyte counts. Thus, the effects of GH are mediated at least in part through GH receptors in vivo. Additionally, when mice were initially myelosuppressed by several weeks of AZT treatment, the subsequent administration of ovGH resulted in an increase in splenic hematopoietic progenitor cells. No significant pathologic effects were observed in mice receiving either repeated rhGH or ovGH injections. Thus, GH exerts significant direct hematopoietic growth-promoting effects in vivo and may be of potential clinical use to promote hematopoiesis in the face of myelotoxic therapy.
A feasibility study of CO2 sequestration monitoring using the mCSEM method at a deep brine aquifer in a shallow sea (2012)

ABSTRACT Reservoir production monitoring using marine controlled-source electromagnetic (mCSEM) has been studied recently because it is sensitive to resistivity changes resulting from variations in hydrocarbon saturation. However, mCSEM for CO2 sequestration monitoring has scarcely been investigated, although the mCSEM method is advantageous for monitoring CO2 injection and migration. To investigate the feasibility of mCSEM monitoring for CO2 sequestration, we conducted numerical experiments of representative CO2 injection models at a deep brine aquifer in a shallow sea. By using a modified secondary field method, we effectively address the airwave problem occurring when mCSEM is applied to a target beneath a shallow sea. We demonstrate the modified secondary field method can restore high frequency band data, which is beneficial for the detection of the movement of injected CO2. Furthermore, using a modified scattered field approach for 2.5D forward modeling, we achieve very high accuracy, which is essential for the simulation of electromagnetic fields generated by CO2 injection in a deep brine aquifer. The mCSEM response, which is enhanced by the modified secondary field method, shows small but measurable changes in a given pseudorealistic CO2 sequestration scenario. The mCSEM responses differ for horizontal and vertical injections. These results include the feasibility of applying mCSEM to CO2 sequestration monitoring. Optimum operating frequency bands and source-receiver geometries for a brine aquifer model beneath a shallow sea are proposed based on the results of the numerical experiments. Moreover, we suggest the necessity of various types of data acquisition for the monitoring of a CO2 plume based on analyses of multiple components of electric and magnetic fields.
Bacteriophage lambda receptor site on the Escherichia coli K-12 LamB protein (1987)

We have analyzed eight new phage-resistant missense mutations in lamB. These mutations identify five new amino acid residues essential for phage lambda adsorption. Two mutations at positions 245 and 382 affect residues which were previously identified, but lead to different amino acid changes. Three mutations at residues 163, 164, and 250 enlarge and confirm previously proposed phage receptor sites. Two different mutations at residue 259 and one at 18 alter residues previously suggested as facing the periplasmic face. The mutation at residue 18 implicates for the first time the amino-terminal region of the LamB protein in phage adsorption. The results are discussed in terms of the topology of the LamB protein.
Internet commentary (1998)

Comments on the Internet, giving details of new facilities and provisions that are of specific interest to systemists and cyberneticians.
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Mouse IgG 1 Allotypic Determinants: Reactivity With Inbred and Outbred Mice (1985)

C57BL/6J mice were immunized with an affinity purified monoclonal antibody (IgG1) derived from BALB/c mice and their spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma X63.Ag8.653. Two monoclonal antibodies (3A9, gamma 1,kappa and 1C10, gamma 1,kappa) derived from separate fusions were originally found to react with BALB/c monoclonal antibodies expressing a gamma 1 heavy chain isotype but not with other heavy chain isotypes. The results from strain distribution reactivity patterns indicate that these antibodies recognize determinants coded by the allotype locus designated Igh-4a. In a survey of 22 different inbred or congenic strains of mice, no additional polymorphism associated with this locus has been detected. However, allelic polymorphism of the gamma 1 heavy chain allotype does exist in the wild mouse population. The 3A9 and 1C10 antibodies recognize the same determinants (i.e., specificity 1) associated with Igh-4a allotype.
Ultraviolet B radiation converts Langerhans cells from immunogenic to tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. Induction of specific clonal anergy in CD4+ T helper 1 cells (1991)

We have recently demonstrated that a single dose (200 J/m2) of UVB radiation abrogates the capacity of mouse epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) or splenic adherent cells (SAC) to present keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to Ag-specific, MHC-restricted CD4+ Th1 cells. In the present study we determined whether such Th1 unresponsiveness represented long-lasting immunologic tolerance. To address this question, Th1 were preincubated with KLH-pulsed UVB-LC or UVB-SAC, then isolated and restimulated with unirradiated APC (LC or SAC) plus KLH or with exogenous rIL-2 in the absence of APC. Preincubation with KLH and UVB-LC or UVB-SAC rendered Th1 unresponsive to subsequent restimulation with APC and KLH. In addition, such Th1 were defective in their autocrine IL-2 production, but could respond normally to exogenous rIL-2, indicating that unresponsiveness was due to functional inactivation and not to cell death. Th1 unresponsiveness was Ag-specific, MHC-restricted, and long lasting (greater than 16 days). In addition, it appears that Th1 unresponsiveness is not due to the release of soluble suppressor factors from UVB-LC or UVB-SAC because supernatants from such cells had no effect on Th1 proliferation. Addition of unirradiated allogeneic SAC during preincubation prevented the induction of unresponsiveness by UVB-LC or UVB-SAC, suggesting that UVB interferes with the capacity of LC or SAC to deliver a costimulatory signal(s) that can be provided by allogeneic SAC. We conclude that UVB can convert LC or SAC from immunogenic to tolerogenic APC.
Developmental roadmap for antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems (2018)

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) technologies help to accelerate the initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections and could potentially extend the lifespan of current narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. Although conceptually new and rapid AST technologies have been described, including new phenotyping methods, digital imaging and genomic approaches, there is no single major, or broadly accepted, technological breakthrough that leads the field of rapid AST platform development. This might be owing to several barriers that prevent the timely development and implementation of novel and rapid AST platforms in health-care settings. In this Consensus Statement, we explore such barriers, which include the utility of new methods, the complex process of validating new technology against reference methods beyond the proof-of-concept phase, the legal and regulatory landscapes, costs, the uptake of new tools, reagent stability, optimization of target product profiles, difficulties conducting clinical trials and issues relating to quality and quality control, and present possible solutions.
LH*—a scalable, distributed data structure (1996)

We present a scalable distributed data structure called LH*. LH* generalizes Linear Hashing (LH) to distributed RAM and disk files. An LH* file can be created from records with primary keys, or objects with OIDs, provided by any number of distributed and autonomous clients. It does not require a central directory, and grows gracefully, through splits of one bucket at a time, to virtually any number of servers. The number of messages per random insertion is one in general, and three in the worst case, regardless of the file size. The number of messages per key search is two in general, and four in the worst case. The file supports parallel operations, e.g., hash joins and scans. Performing a parallel operation on a file of M buckets costs at most 2 M + 1 messages, and between 1 and O (log 2 M rounds of messages. We first describle the basic LH* scheme where a coordinator site manages abucket splits, and splits a bucket every time a collision occurs. We show that the average load factor of an LH* file is 65%–70% regardless of file size, and bucket capacity. We then enhance the scheme with load control, performed at no additional message cost. The average load factor then increases to 80–95%. These values are about that of LH, but the load factor for LH* varies more. We nest define LH* schemes without a coordinator. We show that insert and search costs are the same as for the basic scheme. The splitting cost decreases on the average, but becomes more variable, as cascading splits are needed to prevent file overload. Next, we briefly describe two variants of splitting policy, using parallel splits and presplitting that should enhance performance for high-performance applications. All together, we show that LH* files can efficiently scale to files that are orders of magnitude larger in size than single-site files. LH* files that reside in main memory may also be much faster than single-site disk files. Finally, LH* files can be more efficient than any distributed file with a centralized directory, or a static parallel or distributed hash file.
Prolonged TCR/CD28 Engagement Drives IL-2-Independent T Cell Clonal Expansion through Signaling Mediated by the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (2006)

Proliferation of Ag-specific T cells is central to the development of protective immunity. The concomitant stimulation of the TCR and CD28 programs resting T cells to IL-2-driven clonal expansion. We report that a prolonged occupancy of the TCR and CD28 bypasses the need for autocrine IL-2 secretion and sustains IL-2-independent lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast, a short engagement of the TCR and CD28 only drives the expansion of cells capable of IL-2 production. TCR/CD28- and IL-2-driven proliferation revealed a different requirement for PI3K and for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Thus, both PI3K and mTOR activities were needed for T cells to proliferate to TCR/CD28-initiated stimuli and for optimal cyclin E expression. In contrast, either PI3K or mTOR were sufficient for IL-2-driven cell proliferation as they independently mediated cyclin E induction. Interestingly, rapamycin delayed cell cycle entry of IL-2-sufficient T cells, but did not prevent their expansion. Together, our findings indicate that the TCR, CD28, and IL-2 independently control T cell proliferation via distinct signaling pathways involving PI3K and mTOR. These data suggest that Ag persistence and the availability of costimulatory signals and of autocrine and paracrine growth factors individually shape T lymphocyte expansion in vivo.
Tweet Acts: A Speech Act Classifier for Twitter (2021)

Speech acts are a way to conceptualize speech as action. This holds true for communication on any platform, including social media platforms such as Twitter. In this paper, we explored speech act recognition on Twitter by treating it as a multi-class classification problem. We created a taxonomy of six speech acts for Twitter and proposed a set of semantic and syntactic features. We trained and tested a logistic regression classifier using a data set of manually labelled tweets. Our method achieved a state-of-the-art performance with an average F1 score of more than 0.70. We also explored classifiers with three different granularities (Twitter-wide, type-specific and topic-specific) in order to find the right balance between generalization and overfitting for our task.
The on-off phenomenon. (1989)

The on-off phenomenon is an almost invariable consequence of sustained levodopa treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Phases of immobility and incapacity associated with depression alternate with jubilant thaws. Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors are involved in its pathogenesis, but evidence is presented to indicate that the importance of levodopa handling has been underestimated and that progressive reduction in the storage capacity of surviving nigrostriatal dopamine terminals is not a critical factor. Re-distribution of levodopa dosage which may mean smaller, more frequent doses, or larger less frequent increments, may be helpful in controlling oscillations in some patients. Dietary protein restriction, the use of selegiline hydrochloride and bromocriptine may also temporarily improve motor fluctuations. New approaches to management include the use of subcutaneous apomorphine, controlled-release preparations of levodopa with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor and the continuous intra-duodenal administration of levodopa.
B Lymphocyte Depletion by CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice despite Isotype-Specific Differences in FcγR Effector Functions (2008)

NOD mice deficient for B lymphocytes from birth fail to develop autoimmune or type 1 diabetes. To assess whether B cell depletion influences type 1 diabetes in mice with an intact immune system, NOD female mice representing early and late preclinical stages of disease were treated with mouse anti-mouse CD20 mAbs. Short-term CD20 mAb treatment in 5-wk-old NOD female mice reduced B cell numbers by approximately 95%, decreased subsequent insulitis, and prevented diabetes in >60% of littermates. In addition, CD20 mAb treatment of 15-wk-old NOD female mice significantly delayed, but did not prevent, diabetes onset. Protection from diabetes did not result from altered T cell numbers or subset distributions, or regulatory/suppressor T cell generation. Rather, impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation in the lymph nodes of B cell-depleted NOD mice may delay diabetes onset. B cell depletion was achieved despite reduced sensitivity of NOD mice to CD20 mAbs compared with C57BL/6 mice. Decreased B cell depletion resulted from deficient FcgammaRI binding of IgG2a/c CD20 mAbs and 60% reduced spleen monocyte numbers, which in combination reduced Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. With high-dose CD20 mAb treatment (250 microg) in NOD mice, FcgammaRIII and FcgammaRIV compensated for inadequate FcgammaRI function and mediated B cell depletion. Thereby, NOD mice provide a model for human FcgammaR polymorphisms that reduce therapeutic mAb efficacy in vivo. Moreover, this study defines a new, clinically relevant approach whereby B cell depletion early in the course of disease development may prevent diabetes or delay progression of disease.
<title>Microfluidic study of the liquid transfer properties of reservoir pins for use in microarraying</title> (2001)

The technique of micro arraying involves laying down genetic elements onto a solid substrate for DNA analysis on a massively parallel scale. A pin-based robotic platform for bioMEMS is used to prepare microarrays by transferring liquid samples from microtitre plates to array pattern son the surface of coated glass slides. The liquid dries to form spots diameter &lt; 200 micrometers . This paper present the design and performance of reservoir pins with particular emphasis on microfluidics and the influence of pin geometry and surface topology. In the newly developed manufacturing process a pin is produced by (a) wet etching of tungsten wire, followed by (b) micromachining with a focused laser to produce a capillary channel structure and a microreservoir. The pin has a flat end 100 micrometers in diameter from which a 600 micrometers long capillary channel, 15 micrometers wide leads up the pin to a reservoir. The pin capacity is 50 nanolitres of fluid containing DNA, and at least 5-0 spots can be printed before replenishing the reservoir. A typical robot holds 16- 48 pins. Scanning electron micrographs of the metal surfaces show roughness on the scale of 5 micrometers . However, the pins give consistent and reproducible spotting performance. In this paper comparisons will be made between the real life performance of the pins on the robotic platform with observations and measurements made using a video microscope system, and an assessment of the prospects for bioMEMS and further miniaturization of this technology.
Structures of an MHC Class II Molecule with Covalently Bound Single Peptides (1996)

The high-resolution x-ray crystal structures of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule, I-E(k), occupied by either of two antigenic peptides were determined. They reveal the structural basis for the I-E(k) peptide binding motif and suggest general principles for additional alleles. A buried cluster of acidic amino acids in the binding groove predicted to be conserved among all murine I-E and human DR MHC class II molecules suggests how pH may influence MHC binding or exchange of peptides. These structures also complement mutational studies on the importance of individual peptide residues to T cell receptor recognition.
Wnt secretion is required to maintain high levels of Wnt activity in colon cancer cells (2013)

Aberrant regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has an important role during the onset and progression of colorectal cancer, with over 90% of cases of sporadic colon cancer featuring mutations in APC or β-catenin. However, it has remained a point of controversy whether these mutations are sufficient to activate the pathway or require additional upstream signals. Here we show that colorectal tumours express elevated levels of Wnt3 and Evi/Wls/GPR177. We found that in colon cancer cells, even in the presence of mutations in APC or β-catenin, downstream signalling remains responsive to Wnt ligands and receptor proximal signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that truncated APC proteins bind β-catenin and key components of the destruction complex. These results indicate that cells with mutations in APC or β-catenin depend on Wnt ligands and their secretion for a sufficient level of β-catenin signalling, which potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions by targeting Wnt secretion via Evi/Wls. Activating mutations in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with colon cancer. Here the authors show that tumour cells carrying mutations in APC and β-catenin are still regulated by Wnt ligands, suggesting that Wnt secretion and receptor signalling remains important to control downstream signalling.
Coherent Control of the Energy and Angular Distribution of Autoionized Electrons (1999)

Nonstationary, autoionizing wave packets have been produced by exposing calcium Rydberg atoms to a pair of identical phase-coherent subpicosecond laser pulses. The energy and angular distribution and time of ejection of electrons has been altered by changing the relative phase and delay between the two laser pulses.
Arthropod hemocyanins. Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding the tarantula hemocyanin subunits a and e. (1990)

cDNA clones comprising the entire coding region of two out of the seven heterogeneous subunits of hemocyanin from the tarantula, Eurypelma californicum, were isolated from four cDNA libraries constructed from total RNA from the heart tissue of single spiders. Hybridization was first carried out using a tarantula hemocyanin subunit e partial cDNA, and several positive clones were isolated, including one containing a 2.2-kilobase full-length cDNA (lambda M1). The cDNA comprises an open reading frame for 623 amino acids, 34 nucleotides of the 5'noncoding region, and 286 nucleotides of the 3'-noncoding region. To select for other hemocyanin subunits, two 17-mer oligonucleotide mixtures, corresponding to the conserved regions in the copper A and copper B oxygen-binding site of chelicerate hemocyanins, were used as probes. Among the positive clones obtained, full-length cDNAs coding for subunit a were identified. The cDNA sequence determined from clone lambda K1 provides an open reading frame coding for 630 amino acids and includes the 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions. Northern blot analysis revealed single transcripts for subunits a and e, each 2.3 kilobases long. The cDNAs for subunits a and e were both found to lack any leader peptide sequence. This supports the idea that the mature protein accumulates in the cytoplasm and is released by cell rupture.
Réalisation d'une DEL à puits quantiques de GaAsP sur substrat GaP (2010)

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Probability of error, equivocation, and the Chernoff bound (1970)

Relationships between the probability of error, the equivocation, and the Chernoff bound are examined for the two-hypothesis decision problem. The effect of rejections on these bounds is derived. Finally, the results are extended to the case of any finite number of hypotheses.
Compound Formation in the Systems Lithium‐Carbon and Lithium‐Boron (1967)

The phases present in the 2 to 50 at.% lithium region for the system lithium‐carbon below 700° C are carbon and stoichiometric Li 2 C 2 . The unit cell of Li 2 C 2 was identified as primitive monoclinic. A lithium boride phase of composition LiBio 10.85 ± 0.35 was synthesized in the lithium‐boron system for samples containing up to 50 at.% lithium. The Debye‐Scherrer X‐ray powder pattern for this phase can be indexed on the basis of a tetragonal unit cell. Lithium reacts with boron carbide to form lithium carbide and lithium boride.
Blockade of type β transforming growth factor signaling prevents liver fibrosis and dysfunction in the rat (1999)

We eliminated type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) signaling by adenovirus-mediated local expression of a dominant-negative type II TGF-beta receptor (AdCATbeta-TR) in the liver of rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine, a model of persistent liver fibrosis. In rats that received a single application of AdCATbeta-TR via the portal vein, liver fibrosis as assessed by histology and hydroxyproline content was markedly attenuated. All AdCATbeta-TR-treated rats remained alive, and their serum levels of hyaluronic acid and transaminases remained at low levels, whereas all the AdCATbeta-TR-untreated rats died of liver dysfunction. The results demonstrate that TGF-beta does play a central role in liver fibrogenesis and indicate clearly in a persistent fibrosis model that prevention of fibrosis by anti-TGF-beta intervention could be therapeutically useful.