gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heavy ion-induced digital single-event transients in deep submicron Processes (2004)

Single-event transients (SETs) in digital circuits/processes are examined. SETs appear to substantially mitigate traditional SEU static-latch hardening techniques below 0.25 /spl mu/m. The resulting IC error rate for advanced technology node hardened-electronics is dominated by the combinational-logic SET rate.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS KURSTAKI TOXIN FOR EGGS AND LARVAE OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS COLUBRIFORMIS (NEMATODA) (1989)

A toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki was lethal to eggs and first- and second-stage larvae of the ruminant nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Sheathed and exsheathed third-stage larvae were also killed by the toxin. However, susceptibility of the ova to the toxin decreased after several hours of development. Heating at 65 C for 1 hr or freezing at 0 C for 3 mo did not affect stability of the toxin. Ovicidal activity of the toxin was not altered by treatment with 13 microbial or mammalian enzymes, but toxicity was reduced by the antibiotics streptomycin or penicillin G and the enzyme inhibitor L-1-tosylamide 2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone. Cuprous, ferrous, and zinc chlorides also inhibited the ovicidal activity of the toxin. Increased osmolarity of the assay media or solubilization of the toxin from pH 3 to 11 had no effect on toxicity for eggs. The membrane agents sodium vanadate and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2' disulfonic acid stilbene increased (9-fold) and decreased (333-fold) toxicity, respectively. N-acetylneuraminic acid was the only tested sugar that reduced the toxicity of B. t. kurstaki.
Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogels for Tissue EngineeringKuen Yong Lee and David J. MooneyView Author Information Departments of Biologic & Materials Sciences, Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 7, 1869–1880Publication Date (Web):May 31, 2001Publication History Received15 November 2000Published online31 May 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000108xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000108xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48495Altmetric-Citations4364LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Biopolymers,Hydrogels,Peptides and proteins,Regenerative medicine Get e-Alerts
Purification of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitory protein by affinity chromatography on activator protein coupled to sepharose (1978)

The Ca2+-dependent, reversible, interaction of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase with its activator has been used to purify the enzyme by affinity chromatography. Activator-dependent cAMP phosphodiesterase is only a minor component of the proteins specifically adsorbed in the presence of Ca2+ by the Ca2+-dependent activator protein coupled to Sepharose and subsequently released by [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid. The major protein component can be partially resolved from the enzyme by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. This protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity and shown to be composed of two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 61,000 and 15,000 respectively. This protein is, by itself, devoid of phosphodiesterase activity and inhibits the activation of cAMP phosphodiesterase by its activator without affecting the basal activity. Thus, activation of cAMP phosphodiesteriase by the Ca2+-dependent activator protein may be controlled by interactions with yet a third component of the enzyme complex.
Sensitivity of l-(-)2′,3′-dideoxythiacytidine resistant hepatitis B virus to other antiviral nucleoside analogues (1999)

L-(-)2',3'-Dideoxythiacytidine (L(-)SddC, Lamivudine) resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) develops in patients after prolonged treatment. Point mutations detected in the viral genome from these patients have been shown to be responsible for L(-)SddC resistance. Therefore, new drugs active against L(-)SddC resistant HBV are needed. Using a transient transfection system, we studied the sensitivity of L(-)SddC resistant HBV to other anti-HBV nucleoside analogues. It was found that the L526M mutation alone caused greater resistance to penciclovir (PCV) than did the V553I mutation alone. Both mutations also caused the virus to be less sensitive to L(-)SddC and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil (L-FMAU), although the degree of resistance was much less than that to PCV. The A546V mutation had no impact on the sensitivity to L(-)SddC, L-FMAU, and PCV. When these single mutations were coupled with the M550V/I mutation, all the double mutants were resistant to those drugs. Although 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L(-)-5-fluorocytidine (L(-)Fd4C) was also less active, the IC50 of L(-)Fd4C against the L(-)SddC resistant mutant was at least fifty times lower than that against cell growth in culture. DNA polymerase associated with L(-)SddC resistant virions was also found to be less sensitive than that with wild-type HBV to those L-nucleoside triphosphates. All the L(-)SddC resistant mutants were still sensitive to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-adenine (PMEA). These results suggest that different mutations in the HBV genome have a different impact on its sensitivity to those compounds, and L(-)SddC resistant HBV may also be resistant to PCV, L-FMAU, and L(-)Fd4C. A nucleoside analogue less toxic than PMEA could be developed against L(-)SddC resistant HBV.
Differential Expression of Arginase and iNOS in the Lung in Sepsis (1998)

The primary metabolic fates of L-arginine are conversion to L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to L-ornithine by arginase. In the lung, arginine utilization is increased after the inducible form of NOS (iNOS) is expressed during inflammation. The expression of arginase in normal lung and after sepsis, and its potential relationships with iNOS, however, are not known. Since arginase and iNOS share the substrate L-arginine, we tested the hypothesis that lung arginase would be co-induced with iNOS in sepsis and its cellular distribution would be related to that of iNOS in the lung. Lungs from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and sham-operated (S) rats were harvested 6 or 16 hours after the procedures. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase content, and lipid peroxidation products were measured as indices of lung injury. Western blot analyses were performed with polyclonal antibodies against two isoforms of rat arginase (I and II) and iNOS. Additional lungs from CLP and S animals were inflation-fixed for immunohistochemistry using the same antibodies. We found by Western blot that arginase II at 39 kDa was the main isoform present in normal rat lung. The enzyme was distributed diffusely in alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. After CLP, arginase II was almost undetectable in rat lungs at 16 hours. In contrast, in normal lung, the iNOS was not detectable by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. After CLP, strong expression of iNOS was found in similar cell types to arginase II. These data demonstrate loss of constitutive expression of arginase II in rat lung as iNOS is upregulated by the response to sepsis.
The role of isoprenylation in membrane attachment of nuclear lamins: A single point mutation prevents proteolytic cleavage of the lamin A precursor and confers membrane binding properties (1994)

Mature A- and B-type lamins differ in the extent to which they interact with the nuclear membrane and thus represent an interesting model for studying the role of isoprenylation and carboxyl-methylation in membrane attachment. Both A- and B-type lamins are isoprenylated and carboxyl-methylated shortly after synthesis, but A-type lamins undergo a further proteolytic cleavage which results in the loss of the hydrophobically modified C terminus. Here, we have constructed mutants of chicken lamin A that differ in their abilities to serve as substrates for different post-translational processing events occurring at the C terminus of the wild-type precursor. In addition to studying full-length proteins, we have analyzed C-terminal end domains of lamin A, either alone or after fusion to reporter proteins. Mutant proteins were expressed in mammalian cells, and their membrane association was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation. Our results provide information on the substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the lamin-A-specific protease. Moreover, they indicate that hydrophobic modifications of the C-terminal end domains account for the differential membrane-binding properties of A- and B-type lamins. Thus, some of the integral membrane proteins implicated in anchoring B-type lamins to the membrane may function as receptors for the isoprenylated and carboxyl-methylated C terminus.
Lightning strikes twice: Intron–intein coincidence (1998)

“Multiple introns, and the prospect that these occur within several genes in the same metabolic pathway, suggest a regulatory role for splicing … ” (1). That statement was made more than a decade ago by our colleagues and ourselves in reference to the phage T4 group I introns, all three of which reside in genes involved in nucleotide metabolism. The intervening years were distinguished by a striking absence of any demonstration of a regulatory role for these introns. Furthermore, they seem not to confer any selective advantage to T4 phage, and, despite the discovery of more introns in genes of DNA metabolism, the question of “why exclusively in those genes?” has been all but forgotten. Now we are faced with a report in this issue of the Proceedings of an unrelated phage and a different type of splicing element, an intein; not only does this element coexist with a group I intron in the same gene but also the gene is one of nucleotide metabolism (2). With lightning apparently striking twice in the same place, we are again forced to confront our doubts about pure chance. What might account for the colocalization of two different types of intervening sequence in the same gene on the same metabolic pathway?
Research of Applying Chain Conditional Random Fields to Semantic Role Labeling (2009)

The conditional random fields (CRFs) only can deal with the sequence data of Markov property. And it cannot realize the relationship labeling with more fine structure between semantic roles. An approach to semantic role labeling (SRL) based on chain conditional random fields (CCRFs) model was proposed. The long-distance dependencies between different state variants were handled effectively via labeling hierarchical dependencies and brother dependencies of syntactic dependency tree. Moreover, some new combinative features and prepositional phrase also were added though taking advantages of any features can be added in CRFs model. The experiments were implemented on CoNLL 2008 Shared Task. The results indicate the proposed method can improve precision and recall rate of the system.
DNA-dependent protein kinase: DNA binding and activation in the absence of Ku (1998)

In mammalian cells, double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination require DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by DNA. DNA-PK consists of a 460-kDa subunit (p460) that contains a putative kinase domain and a heterodimeric subunit (Ku) that binds to double-stranded DNA ends. Previous reports suggested that the activation of DNA-PK requires the binding of Ku to DNA. To investigate this further, p460 and Ku were purified separately to homogeneity. Surprisingly, p460 was capable of binding to DNA in the absence of Ku. The binding of p460 to double-stranded DNA ends was salt-labile and could be disrupted by single-stranded or supercoiled DNA, properties distinct from the binding of Ku to DNA. Under low salt conditions, which permitted the binding of p460 to DNA ends, the kinase was activated. Under higher salt conditions, which inhibited the binding of p460, activation of the kinase required the addition of Ku. Significantly, when the length of DNA decreased to 22 bp, Ku competed with p460 for DNA binding and inhibited kinase activity. These data demonstrate that p460 is a self-contained kinase that is activated by direct interaction with double-stranded DNA and that the role of Ku is to stabilize the binding of p460 to DNA ends.
Effect of Ethanol on Visual‐Vestibular Interactions During Vertical Linear Body Acceleration (2003)

Ethanol leads to a disturbance of the visual-oculomotor system and, thus, even during combined visual-vestibular stimulation, to a latency increase. This "delay" is responsible for the disturbance of DVA. This alcohol-induced suppression of the visual-oculomotor system and the disturbance of DVA show a significantly positive correlation with the subjective FOD.
The Sialic Acids (1973)

Abstract A particulate fraction obtained from lactating rat mammary gland catalyzed the transfer of two of the sialic acids (N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid) from their CMP derivatives to lactose and to other β-d-galactopyranosides. The products of the reaction, when lactose and N-acetyllactosamine (β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-N-acetylglucosamine) were used as acceptors, were characterized as sialyl-(2→3)-lactose, and sialyl→N-acetyllactosamine, respectively. Only β-d-galactopyranosides served as acceptors in the enzymatic reaction, and the particulate fraction was active with both short chain oligosaccharides and simple glycosides. Various tissues from the rat were shown to contain sialyltransferase activity.
In good conscience? (2005)

WHEN SISTER JEANNINE GRAMICK made the above remark she was commenting on the Vatican's attempts to stop her work with lesbian and gay Catholics. Her struggle to resist this silencing has been made into the compelling film documentary In Good Conscience, which has been widely shown, including in North America and London, and has recently been show in Melbourne and Brisbane at the 2005 Queer Film Festivals - and in Sydney for QueerDoc in 2004. Her story was commented on in the Australian Channel 7 news program Sunrise on 23 March 2005, where she was described as the 'nun who defied the Vatican' (Seven Online Network 2005).
Base-Catalyzed Addition of Phosphine to Aryl- and Hetarylethynes. An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 2-Substituted Trivinylphosphines (1995)

A number of Z,Z,Z-tris(1-alkenyl)phosphines 2 have been obtained in good yields from phosphine and acetylenes in the super-base system potassium hydroxide/hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
Novel Drilling, Completion and Workover Fluids for Depleted Zones: Avoiding Losses, Formation Damage and Stuck Pipe (2003)

Abstract As oil and gas fields become mature, there is an increasing need to drill, complete and workover wells in depleted zones. The proximity of normally pressured zones often means that, in order to maintain wellbore stability, the depleted formations experience very high overbalance pressures – often exceeding 1000psi. As a consequence, problems such as differential sticking, deep filtrate invasion and severe lost circulation are common. In the extreme, increased costs and high levels of formation damage can make continued exploitation of fields uneconomic. This paper describes a new fluid additive package designed to form an effective, low permeability barrier on permeable formations. The materials have been used in a wide range of water, oil and synthetic based fluids with excellent results. We present laboratory evidence and field data to show that fluid invasion is greatly reduced. This brings several important benefits: Differential sticking is greatly reducedFracture gradients are increased (increases well over 1000psi have been observed).Return permeability results, and hence well productivity indications, have been excellent. The paper discusses the mechanism by which the additives provide superior invasion control, and the ease with which the protective barrier is removed from producing intervals. The materials have been used onshore and offshore in most major oil and gas provinces. In addition to providing effective technical solutions, they have the environmental approvals that allow their unrestricted use in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico and the UK North Sea.
Cerebellar degeneration caused by high‐dose cytosine arabinoside: A clinicopathological study (1983)

Twenty-four patients with leukemia or lymphoma refractory to conventional chemotherapy were given a course of systemic, high-dose cytosine arabinoside (3 gm/m2 every 12 hours for twelve doses). Four patients developed cerebellar degeneration during treatment. Ataxia of gait and limb movements, dysarthria, and nystagmus appeared five to seven days after the first dose, worsened over the next two to three days, and then remained stable for two to six days. Incomplete improvement occurred over the following one to two weeks. Postmortem examination disclosed loss of Purkinje cells in the depths of cortical sulci with relative preservation of those at the crests of folia and those in the most posterior inferior portions of the cerebellum. Other patients developed a mild, reversible cerebellar syndrome over the same time course as that of the irreversible disorder. Manifestations ranged from nystagmus alone to dysarthria and unsteadiness of gait without limb ataxia. We conclude that cytosine arabinoside at this dosage causes a cerebellar degeneration with characteristic clinical and pathological features. Among the present patients with refractory hematological malignancies, such degeneration occurred with an incidence of 16.7%, more than twice that reported in previous series.
Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin Induces Morphologic and Transcriptional Changes of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2015)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of the joint; however, the therapeutic options for severe OA are limited. The low molecular weight fraction of commercial 5% human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties that are mediated, in part, by a diketopiperazine that is present in the albumin preparation and that was demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing pain and improving function when administered intra-articularly in a phase III clinical trial. In the present study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exposed to LMWF5A exhibited an elongated phenotype with diffuse intracellular F-actin, pronounced migratory leading edges, and filopodia-like projections. In addition, LMWF5A promoted chondrogenic condensation in "micromass" culture, concurrent with the upregulation of collagen 2α1 mRNA. Furthermore, the transcription of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis was significantly regulated in a manner conducive to migration and homing. Several transcription factors involved in stem cell differentiation were also found to bind oligonucleotide response element probes following exposure to LMWF5A. Finally, a rapid increase in PRAS40 phosphorylation was observed following treatment, potentially resulting in the activation mTORC1. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid taken from a preliminary set of patients indicated that at 12 weeks following administration of LMWF5A, a microenvironment exists in the knee conducive to stem cell infiltration, self-renewal, and differentiation, in addition to indications of remodeling with a reduction in inflammation. Taken together, these findings imply that LMWF5A treatment may prime stem cells for both mobilization and chondrogenic differentiation, potentially explaining some of the beneficial effects achieved in clinical trials.
Braided Convolutional Codes: A New Class of Turbo-Like Codes (2010)

We present a new class of iteratively decodable turbo-like codes, called braided convolutional codes. Constructions and encoding procedures for tightly and sparsely braided convolutional codes are introduced. Sparsely braided codes exhibit good convergence behavior with iterative decoding, and a statistical analysis using Markov permutors shows that the free distance of these codes grows linearly with constraint length, i.e., they are asymptotically good.
Occupational exposures to high frequency electromagnetic fields in the intermediate range ( >300 Hz–10 MHz) (2002)

The aim of this study was to identify work situations with electromagnetic fields of 300 Hz-10 MHz and to characterize the occupational exposure. Work place investigations included descriptions of the work environment and physical measurements. We estimated electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields by spot measurements in air, by logged exposure data, and when possible, we recorded induced currents in limbs. The instruments used were Wandel and Golterman EFA-3, NARDA 8718, Holaday HI-3702. The exposure sources comprised five induction furnaces, seven induction heaters, one surface treatment equipment, four units of electronic article surveillance (EAS), and medical devices for surgery and muscle stimulation. The induction furnaces operated at 480 Hz-7 kHz, and the maximum values of logged data varied between 512-2,093 V/m (E field) and 10.5-87.3 A/m (H field). The induction heaters (3.8 kHz-1.25 MHz) also showed high maximum exposure values of both E and H fields. Three EAS units, an electromagnetic plate at a library, a luggage control unit, and an antitheft gate, showed E fields reaching 658-1,069 V/m. The H fields were comparatively lower, except for the antitheft gate (5 and 7.5 kHz) showing a maximum value of 27.2 A/m (recorded during repair). Induced currents of 5-13 mA were measured for the medical devices. The study improves the basis for an exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of long term effects of exposures to high frequency electromagnetic fields.
Combination of minocycline and rifampicin against methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1981)

Methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus may remain sensitive to minocycline and to rifampicin. A study of growth curves has shown that at inhibitory concentrations (0.4 mug/ml), minocycline prevents the development of mutants resistant to rifampicin.
Molecular engineering human hepatocytes into pancreatic beta cells for diabetes therapy (2005)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Melatonin-based pickering emulsion for skin's photoprotection (2016)

The combination of melatonin, multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable, effective and innovative sunscreen with a meaningful synergistic protection against oxidative stress.