gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KCa3.1: target and marker for cancer, autoimmune disorder and vascular inflammation? (2008)

KCa3.1 is a calcium-activated intermediate-conductance potassium ion channel. In humans the channel is expressed in several secretory organs and subtypes of hematopoietic cells, but not detected in excitable tissues. The mRNA level for KCa3.1 is upregulated in activated leukocytes, mitogen-induced endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and several types of human cancers, suggesting a possible role for the channel in inflammatory and oncology diseases. Several potent and selective KCa3.1 blockers, including clotrimazole and its analogs TRAM-34 and ICA-17043, have been used to investigate the involvement of the channel in human disease. The compounds have been shown to suppress the proliferation of several cancer cells in vitro and the growth of the corresponding cancers in vivo, consistent with an oncologic indication. TRAM-34 also ameliorates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and several models of cardiovascular diseases, arguing for a role of the channel in inflammatory diseases. These results suggest several important opportunities for therapeutics based on KCa3.1. Further efforts will establish the optimal indication for these ion channel inhibitors.
VEGF and VEGF type C play an important role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in human malignant mesothelioma tumours (1999)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is a novel regulator of endothelial cell proliferation. We assessed the mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGF type C (VEGF-C) and their receptors together with the microvessel density (VD) and microlymphatic vessel density (LVD) in pursuit of their connection and prognostic value in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We used four human MPM cell lines, 54 MPM tumours and five normal pleural tissues. Expression levels for receptors and ligands were assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Microvessels were highlighted by immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII. The discrimination of lymphatics was performed by enzyme-histochemistry for 5′-nucleotidase after adequate inhibition of non-specific activity. The expression levels of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFRs were high in all MPM cell lines. The percentages of tumours with higher expression compared to the mean values of normal pleural tissues were 31.5% (17/54) for VEGF, 66.7% (36/54) for VEGF-C, 20.4% (11/54) for fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt)-1, 42.6% (23/54) for kinase insert domain-containing recepter (KDR) and 59.3% (32/54) for flt-4. Significant positive correlations were found between VEGF-C and flt-4, VEGF and KDR, VEGF and flt-1 in tumour tissues. The association between LVD and VEGF-C expression level was especially strong (P < 0.0001, r = 0.63). There were also significant correlations between LVD and flt-4, and VD and VEGF. No correlation, however, was found between LVD and nodal metastasis. VD was a negative prognostic indicator in this study. The associations between VEGF/VEGF-C and vessel density suggest that these factors play an important role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in this tumour, and assessment of vascularity may be a useful prognostic indicator for MPM patients.
Occult macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (2007)

Occult MAS appears to be common in patients with SJIA who undergo BMA. This suggests that macrophage activation may be integral to the pathogenesis of SJIA, with implications for treatment.
Characterization of the Fasting-induced Adipose Factor FIAF, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Target Gene (2000)

Fasting is associated with significant changes in nutrient metabolism, many of which are governed by transcription factors that regulate the expression of rate-limiting enzymes. One factor that plays an important role in the metabolic response to fasting is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). To gain more insight into the role of PPARalpha during fasting, and into the regulation of metabolism during fasting in general, a search for unknown PPARalpha target genes was performed. Using subtractive hybridization (SABRE) comparing liver mRNA from wild-type and PPARalpha null mice, we isolated a novel PPARalpha target gene, encoding the secreted protein FIAF (for fasting induced adipose factor), that belongs to the family of fibrinogen/angiopoietin-like proteins. FIAF is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue and is strongly up-regulated by fasting in white adipose tissue and liver. Moreover, FIAF mRNA is decreased in white adipose tissue of PPARgamma +/- mice. FIAF protein can be detected in various tissues and in blood plasma, suggesting that FIAF has an endocrine function. Its plasma abundance is increased by fasting and decreased by chronic high fat feeding. The data suggest that FIAF represents a novel endocrine signal involved in the regulation of metabolism, especially under fasting conditions.
Orientational Transitions in Symmetric Diblock Copolymers on Rough Surfaces (2005)

We present a model addressing the orientation transition of symmetric block copolymers such as PS/PMMA on smooth and rough surfaces. The distortion free energy of parallel and perpendicular lamellar phases in contact with a rough solid surface is calculated as function of the surface roughness amplitude and wavelength, as well as the polymer lamellar periodicity (molecular weight). We find an analytical expression for the orientation transition. This expression is compared and agrees well with recent experiments done with six different polymer molecular weights and surface preparations.
Guinea Pig Model of Tuberculosis (2014)

Recent studies of the comparative biology of the guinea pig have revealed a number of remarkable similarities between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and humans. Guinea pigs have been employed in the testing of both biological reagents and drugs for use in human beings with tuberculosis. Guinea pigs respond quite well to many of the antibiotics currently used to treat tuberculosis patients. The chapter presents guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis, and discusses application of modern immunological techniques in the guinea pig. A model of endogenous reactivation disease would contribute to ones understanding of the factors associated with persistence of M. tuberculosis in the tissues as well as of the events that allow the dormant mycobacteria to reappear in large numbers. The advantages of the guinea pig model of tuberculosis are as follows: (i) animals can be infected reproducibly by the pulmonary route with very small numbers of virulent human tubercle bacilli; (ii) the course of disease following pulmonary infection, which includes bacillemia and hematogenous reseeding of the lung, is similar to that in humans; (iii) the similarities between the granulomatous and hypersensitivity responses of guinea pigs and humans to M. tuberculosis are remarkable; (iv) the degree of protection induced by vaccination with BCG is excellent, and one can discriminate between various degrees of protection; and (v) there is the potential for modeling other clinical forms of tuberculosis in the guinea pig.
Ear punch biopsy method for detection and isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from rodents (1989)

An ear punch biopsy method for the detection and isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from rodents was developed. The ear punch biopsy proved to be extremely sensitive, detecting spirochetes in 100% (11 of 11) of laboratory hamsters infected by tick bite and 95.8% (23 of 24) of hamsters infected by intraperitoneal inoculation. When cultured at 4 to 6 weeks postinfection, 92 to 100% of the ear punches taken from individual hamsters yielded viable spirochetes. B. burgdorferi was detected in sequential cultures from animals as early as 4 days postinfection and as late as 20 weeks postinfection. A total of 86% (6 of 7) of field-collected white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) which were positive for B. burgdorferi as determined by xenodiagnosis were also positive by the ear punch method. The ear punch biopsy method allows individual rodents to be sampled for B. burgdorferi serially over a long period and thus should prove useful for both field and laboratory experiments.
Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering (2010)

Succinct yet comprehensive coverage of the most important terms, acronyms, and definitions made the first edition of the Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering a bestseller. Recent advances in many disciplines of this rapidly growing field have made necessary a new edition of this must-have reference. This authoritative lexicon includes more than 1500 additional terms, now supplying more than 11,000 total terms gathered by a stellar international panel of the world's leading experts, compiled from CRC's immensely popular and highly respected handbooks, and accompanied by more than 120 tables and illustrations.New areas to this edition include:Process Control and InstrumentationEmbedded Sensors and SystemsBiomedical EngineeringHybrid VehiclesMechatronicsData StorageGISIncludes new terms reflecting the rapid growth in:Computer ElectronicsImage ProcessingNanotechnologyFuel CellsPhillip Laplante has again succeeded in producing an invaluable, up-to-date reference for the entire field of electrical engineering, covering device electronics and applied electrical, microwave, control, power, and digital systems engineering in addition to the new areas listed above. Whether you are a practicing or student electrical engineer or a professional from another field in need of complete and updated information, you need look no further than the Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, Second Edition.
Bacterial endophytes in cotton: mechanisms of entering the plant (1997)

Investigations were conducted to determine how a systemic plant-colonizing bacterium Enterobacter asburiae JM22 enters cotton plant tissues. Passive uptake was excluded for JM22 by experimentation with glutaraldehyde-fixed (killed) bacterial cells applied to seeds and leaves; no bacteria were found internally or externally on roots or leaves. In contrast, application of live JM22 cells led to colonization of external and internal root and leaf tissues. Active penetration of JM22 in the absence of external wounding was demonstrated for cotton seedlings germinated on water agar and inoculated with the bacterial suspension. The mean internal bacterial population density for seedlings was 3.8 × 10 3 CFU/g surface-disinfected radicle tissue. Studies of in planta enzymatic activity demonstrated hydrolysis of wall-bound cellulose in the vicinity of JM22 bacterial cells. The same phenomenon was observed for a cortical root colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-61, a plant growth-promoting strain with biocontrol potential against various pathogens.Key words: endophytic bacteria, cotton, cell wall hydrolysis.
Quantitative Real-Time Measurements of DNA Hybridization with Alkylated Nonoxidized Silicon Nanowires in Electrolyte Solution (2006)

The quantitative, real-time detection of single-stranded oligonucleotides with silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in physiologically relevant electrolyte solution is demonstrated. Debye screening of the hybridization event is circumvented by utilizing electrostatically adsorbed primary DNA on an amine-terminated NW surface. Two surface functionalization chemistries are compared: an amine-terminated siloxane monolayer on the native SiO2 surface of the SiNW, and an amine-terminated alkyl monolayer grown directly on a hydrogen-terminated SiNW surface. The SiNWs without the native oxide exhibit improved solution-gated field-effect transistor characteristics and a significantly enhanced sensitivity to single-stranded DNA detection, with an accompanying 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the dynamic range of sensing. A model for the detection of analyte by SiNW sensors is developed and utilized to extract DNA-binding kinetic parameters. Those values are directly compared with values obtained by the standard method of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and demonstrated to be similar. The nanowires, however, are characterized by higher detection sensitivity. The implication is that SiNWs can be utilized to quantitate the solution-phase concentration of biomolecules at low concentrations. This work also demonstrates the importance of surface chemistry for optimizing biomolecular sensing with silicon nanowires.
Towards a Christian Bioethics (1995)

Rather than revealing itself as a single, unified, ecumenical faith, Christianity is sundered with Christians united neither in one communion nor in one baptism. Christian Bioethics seeks to examine the traditional content-full moral commitments which the Christian faiths bring to life, sexuality, suffering, illness and death within the contexts of medicine and health care. Seeking to understand the differences which separate the bioethics of Roman Catholics, Protestants, and the Orthodox, Christian Bioethics explores the manners in which the faiths diverge. The failure of the Enlightenment project to disclose a content-full communality that would bind mankind has left much to be reconsidered by Christians who face new ethical dilemmas in the novel guise of advances in health care technologies.
Frequent deletion and duplication of the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. (1986)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency is an HLA-linked disorder resulting from a mutation in the 21-OHase B gene encoding the adrenal cytochrome P450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. To identify polymorphisms associated with 21-OHase deficiency, DNA samples from 22 unrelated patients with this disorder were examined with a human cDNA clone encoding the enzyme. Deletions of the active 21-OHase gene were found in almost one-fourth of classical 21-OHase deficiency alleles. In contrast, mild, "nonclassical" 21-OHase deficiency is associated with a duplicated 21-OHase gene.
Lipid and carbohydrate based adjuvant/carriers in immunology (2003)

This review discusses various issues regarding vaccines; what are they and how they work, safety aspects, the role of adjuvants and carriers in vaccination, synthetic peptides as immunogens, and new technologies for vaccine development and delivery including the identification of novel adjuvants for mucosal vaccine delivery. There has been a recent increase of interest in the use of lipids and carbohydrates as adjuvants, and so a particular emphasis is placed on adjuvants derived from lipids or carbohydrates, or from both.
Fascin-mediated propulsion of Listeria monocytogenes independent of frequent nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex (2004)

Actin-dependent propulsion of Listeria monocytogenes is thought to require frequent nucleation of actin polymerization by the Arp2/3 complex. We demonstrate that L. monocytogenes motility can be separated into an Arp2/3-dependent nucleation phase and an Arp2/3-independent elongation phase. Elongation-based propulsion requires a unique set of biochemical factors in addition to those required for Arp2/3-dependent motility. We isolated fascin from brain extracts as the only soluble factor required in addition to actin during the elongation phase for this type of movement. The nucleation reaction assembles a comet tail of branched actin filaments directly behind the bacterium. The elongation-based reaction generates a hollow cylinder of parallel bundles that attach along the sides of the bacterium. Bacteria move faster in the elongation reaction than in the presence of Arp2/3, and the rate is limited by the concentration of G-actin. The biochemical and structural differences between the two motility reactions imply that each operates through distinct biochemical and biophysical mechanisms.
Synthese und Reaktionen von 4‐Aminoisothiazolen (1979)

Abstract α‐(Tosyloximino)nitrile 2 reagieren mit den methylenaktiven Thiolen 1 in ein oder zwei Stufen über die α‐(Alkylthioimino)nitrile 3 zu den substituierten 4‐Aminoisothiazolen 4 . 4‐Amino‐isothiazole mit freier 5‐Stellung sind durch Decarboxylierung erhältlich; 4‐(Acetylamino)isothiazol ( 8 ) entsteht aus 4‐Aminoisothiazol‐3‐carbonsäure ( 7 ). Aus 4 werden die substituierten Isothiazolo[4,3‐ d ]triazinone 9 , Isothiazolo[4,3‐ d ]pyrimidone und ‐[4,5‐ d ]pyrimidone 10 bzw. 11 , sowie Isothiazolo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine 12 gewonnen.
LRIG1 and epidermal growth factor receptor in renal cell carcinoma: a quantitative RT–PCR and immunohistochemical analysis (2003)

In all, 31 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were examined for expression of the potential tumour suppressor LRIG1 (formerly Lig-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Eight matched samples of uninvolved kidney cortex were also evaluated. Gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In the eight matched sample pairs (uninvolved kidney cortex and tumour), protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Conventional (clear cell) tumours showed an expected upregulation of EGFR. LRIG1 expression was generally downregulated in conventional and papillary RCC but not in chromophobic RCC. The ratio between EGFR and LRIG1 was more than 2.5-fold higher in the eight tumours compared with matched uninvolved kidney cortex and was at least two-fold higher than the mean normal ratio in 21 of 31 samples analysed. The observed downregulation of LRIG1 and increased EGFR/LRIG1 ratios are consistent with LRIG1 being a suppressor of oncogenesis in RCC by counteracting the tumour-promoting properties of EGFR. Further studies are justified to elucidate the explicit role of LRIG1 in the oncogenesis of RCC.
The Extraction of Gold from E-waste by Hydrometallurgy (2015)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Chemopreventive efficacy of Targretin in rodent models of urinary bladder, colon/intestine, head and neck and mammary cancers (2012)

The chemopreventive efficacy of Targretin was evaluated in various rodent cancer models. In the rat model of 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced urinary bladder cancer, it was found that Targretin administered in the diet (beginning one week after the last OH-BBN treatment) for 5.5 months increased the number and size of urinary bladder cancers. In the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced model of colon carcinogenesis (in which rats develop minimally invasive colonic cancers), Targretin was ineffective as a chemopreventive agent, decreasing neither tumor incidence nor multiplicity. Treatment of Min mice with Targretin for 45 days similarly failed to decrease the multiplicity of small intestinal tumors. Similarly, no preventive efficacy was noted for Targretin when the incidence of tumors in the head and neck model (squamous cell tongue tumors) induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) were examined. In contrast, use of even a suboptimal dose of Targretin (40 ppm) in a sensitive breast cancer model [methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced ER+ mammary cancers] reduced cancer multiplicity by 60%. Finally, based on the hypothesis that Targretin may decrease the expression of COX‑2, the effects of Targretin and COX inhibitors were compared in these models. There was minimal overlap of efficacy. That is, models which were relatively susceptible to NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors tended not to be sensitive to Targretin and vice versa.
Decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> in Community-Based Older Volunteers with Higher Levels of Neutrophil Elastase in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (2000)

These data seem to support the hypothesis that NE in the lung is related to the onset and/or progression of COPD.
Privacy enhancement for Internet electronic mail: Part I: Message encipherment and authentication procedures (1988)

This RFC specifies features for private electronic mail based on
encryption technology. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer Disease (2009)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with cognitive decline and increased incidence of seizures. Seizure activity in AD has been widely interpreted as a secondary process resulting from advanced stages of neurodegeneration, perhaps in combination with other age-related factors. However, recent findings in animal models of AD have challenged this notion, raising the possibility that aberrant excitatory neuronal activity represents a primary upstream mechanism that may contribute to cognitive deficits in these models. The following observations suggest that such activity may play a similar role in humans with AD: (1) patients with sporadic AD have an increased incidence of seizures that appears to be independent of disease stage and highest in cases with early onset; (2) seizures are part of the natural history of many pedigrees with autosomal dominant early-onset AD, including those with mutations in presenilin-1, presenilin-2, or the amyloid precursor protein, or with duplications of wild-type amyloid precursor protein; (3) inheritance of the major known genetic risk factor for AD, apolipoprotein E4, is associated with subclinical epileptiform activity in carriers without dementia; and (4) some cases of episodic amnestic wandering and disorientation in AD are associated with epileptiform activity and can be prevented with antiepileptic drugs. Here we review recent experimental data demonstrating that high levels of beta-amyloid in the brain can cause epileptiform activity and cognitive deficits in transgenic mouse models of AD. We conclude that beta-amyloid peptides may contribute to cognitive decline in AD by eliciting similar aberrant neuronal activity in humans and discuss potential clinical and therapeutic implications of this hypothesis.
[Diagnosis of hepatic failure at the patients with abdominal sepsis]. (2007)

Results of prospective study of 398 patients with abdominal sepsis are analyzed. It is demonstrated that acute hepatic failure occurs at 45% of these patients and it is direct cause of death at 28% of them. Blood level of triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase are reliable markers of hepatic dysfunction at abdominal sepsis. Concentrations of these markers are associated with severity of patients and systemic inflammation syndrome, and also with the number of performed laparotomies.
Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts (1998)

Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5 months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast and derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle (mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.
“Helper” (CD4 + ) T Cells and Eosinophils in Allergy and Asthma (1992)

""Helper" (CD4+) T Cells and Eosinophils in Allergy and Asthma." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 145(2_pt_2), pp. S22–S26
B-Cell Depletion with Rituximab in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (2008)

A single course of rituximab reduced inflammatory brain lesions and clinical relapses for 48 weeks. This trial was not designed to assess long-term safety or to detect uncommon adverse events. The data provide evidence of B-cell involvement in the pathophysiology of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00097188 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).