gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catharanthus Alkaloids. XXXV. Isolation of Leurosidine N'b-Oxide From Catharanthus roseus (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatharanthus Alkaloids. XXXV. Isolation of Leurosidine N'b-Oxide From Catharanthus roseusSibabrata Mukhopadhyay and Geoffrey A. CordellCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 5, 611–613Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50017a021https://doi.org/10.1021/np50017a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Making the Case for Query-by-Voice with EchoQuery (2016)

Recent advances in automatic speech recognition and natural language processing have led to a new generation of robust voice-based interfaces. Yet, there is very little work on using voice-based interfaces to query database systems. In fact, one might even wonder who in her right mind would want to query a database system using voice commands! With this demonstration, we make the case for querying database systems using a voice-based interface, a new querying and interaction paradigm we call Query-by-Voice (QbV). We will demonstrate the practicality and utility of QbV for relational DBMSs using a using a proof-of-concept system called EchoQuery. To achieve a smooth and intuitive interaction, the query interface of EchoQuery is inspired by casual human-to-human conversations. Our demo will show that voice-based interfaces present an intuitive means of querying and consuming data in a database. It will also highlight the unique advantages of QbV over the more traditional approaches, text-based or visual interfaces, for applications where context switching is too expensive, too risky or even not possible at all.
Field trial of a quadrivalent vaccine against calf respiratory disease (1987)

A quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Mycoplasma dispar and M bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. Three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. Within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as unvaccinated controls. Over the trial period, from November 1981 to May 1982, 27 per cent of the control calves were treated for respiratory disease compared with 16.3 per cent of the vaccinated animals. This reduction of non-fatal disease in the vaccinated animals represented a protection rate of almost 40 per cent and was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Mortality was also reduced from 3.4 per cent in the control calves to 1.9 per cent in the vaccinated animals but this difference was not statistically significant. During a major outbreak of disease associated with respiratory syncytial virus, the protection rate increased to 69 per cent (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, in the batch of cattle aged seven weeks at first vaccination there was significantly less pneumonic consolidation at death in the vaccinated animals than in the control animals (P less than 0.05).
Cell-Taught Gene Therapy for the Preservation and Regeneration of Cardiac Tissue Following Chronic Heart Failure (2010)

Wang and John Barnard for their critical evaluation and suggestions that helped shape and fortify this thesis.I would also like to thank Dr Vinod Labhasetwar for generously allowing me to use his facilities and for guiding me with the nanoparticle work.I would like to thank everyone (past and present) in the Penn lab.Matt, for knowing every protocol and teaching them to me and for keeping the lab from burning down.Amanda, Udit and Nik
Analysis of sequence diversity in hypervariable regions of the external glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1990)

Nucleotide sequences in three hypervariable regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gene were obtained by sequencing provirus present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected individuals. Single molecules of target sequences were isolated by limiting dilution and amplified in two stages by the polymerase chain reaction, using nested primers. The product was directly sequenced to avoid errors introduced by Taq polymerase during the amplification process. There was extensive variation between sequences from the same individual as well as between sequences from different individuals. Interpatient variability was markedly less in individuals infected from a common source. A high proportion of amino acid substitutions in the hypervariable regions altered the number and positions of potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Sequences in two hypervariable regions frequently contained short (3- to 15-bp) duplications or deletions, and by amplifying peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA containing 10(2) or 10(3) proviral molecules and analyzing the product by high-resolution electrophoresis, the total number and abundance of distinct length variants within an individual could be estimated, providing a more comprehensive analysis of the variants present than would be obtained by sequencing alone. Sequences from many individuals showed frequent amino acid substitutions at certain key positions for neutralizing-antibody and cytotoxic T-cell recognition in the immunodominant loop. The rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution in the region of this and flanking regions indicate that strong positive selection for amino acid change is operating in the generation of antigenic diversity.
Antigenic and genomic identity between simian herpesvirus aotus type 2 and bovine herpesvirus type 4 (1991)

Herpesvirus aotus type 2 (HVA-2) was isolated from a culture of kidney cells from a healthy owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is frequently isolated from diseased and even healthy cattle and occasionally from sheep, wild ruminants and cats. The two viruses are related antigenically, as was revealed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using polyclonal antisera from experimentally infected rabbits or monoclonal antibodies raised against six BHV-4 proteins, three of which were glycosylated. The genome structures of the two viruses consist of a unique central sequence flanked at both ends by G + C-rich tandem repeats. Restriction maps (produced using EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII) of these two viruses were nearly identical but the unique sequence of the HVA-2 genome possessed two additional BamHI sites. Four genomic regions of variable size were detected, two located in the unique part, one in the repetitive part and one in the left junction between the unique and the repeated part of the genome; these slight variations were similar to those observed between various BHV-4 isolates. These results suggest that HVA-2 and BHV-4 belong to the same virus species; HVA-2 could be either a BHV-4 contaminant of owl monkey kidney cell cultures or an isolate from an owl monkey accidentally infected with BHV-4.
Cancer Testis Antigen, Ropporin, Is a Potential Target for Multiple Myeloma Immunotherapy (2011)

Despite recent improvements in standard pharmacologic treatments of multiple myeloma (MM), immunotherapy may prove to be more effective due to its higher specificity and lower toxicity. A novel cancer/testis antigen, ropporin, is a testis-specific protein localized in the sperm flagella. Comparing ropporin expression in healthy and MM samples, we did not detect ropporin expression in the normal tissues, but positive signals were found in 44% of the MM primary samples. The immunogenicity of ropporin was confirmed by the presence of specific antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients' serum. Our results show that ropporin is a novel cancer/testis antigen for MM. Except for in the testis, an immune privileged site, ropporin was not expressed in normal tissues, but was present in MM cell lines and patients' samples. Noteworthy, we show for the first time that ropporin was present at the cell surface of MM plasma cells. We suggest that ropporin is a promising target for MM immunotherapy, as we were able to generate human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic lymphocytes able to kill autologous MM cells.
Advances in proteomic techniques for biomarker discovery in COPD (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the lung with airflow obstruction and progressive deterioration of pulmonary function. The need to discover and validate biomarkers as prognostic tools of development and progression of the disease has received further support with the advent of proteomic techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (2-DE/MS) have been applied to investigate the proteome of a number of lung-origin samples, including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, exhaled-breath condensate, cells and biopsies from COPD patients. In particular, 2-DE and MS are the main proteomic approaches with 2-DE presenting the major approach for quantitative proteomics. The molecules identified as potential biomarkers of COPD may represent a preliminary step for better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the onset/progression of the disease.
Utilization of gluconate by Escherichia coli. A role of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate in the induction of gluconate catabolism (1975)

1. Cultures of Escherichia coli growing on gluconate use both gluconate and glucose when glucose is added. 2. Glycerol-grown cells adapt to gluconate utilization even in media containing glucose as well as gluconate. 3. The rates of gluconate utilization by cells growing on a mixture of glucose and gluconate, and the specific activities of the gluconate uptake system and of gluconate kinase, are greater if adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is present in the medium than in its absence. 4. Growth on media containing gluconate and cyclic AMP is accompanied by the formation of methyl glyoxal and pyruvate, and progressive inhibition of growth. 5. A mutant devoid of adenylate cyclase activity (cya) grew well on glucose in the absence of exogenous cyclic AMP but grew only poorly on gluconate; neither the gluconate uptake system nor gluconate kinase was adequately induced. The addition of cyclic AMP promoted growth on gluconate and facilitated the induction of proteins required for gluconate catabolism. 6. Phage Pl-mediated transduction of cya+ into the cya-mutant also restored the wild-type phenotype in its ability to adapt to gluconate utilization.
Enhanced levels of endogenous cannabinoids in the globus pallidus are associated with a reduction in movement in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (2000)

In recent years, cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) have been identified within the brain. The high density of CB1 cannabinoid receptors within the basal ganglia suggests a potential role for endocannabinoids in the control of voluntary movement and in basal ganglia‐related movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, whether endocannabinoids play a role in regulating motor behavior in health and disease is unknown. Here we report the presence in two regions of the basal ganglia, the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, of the endocannabinoids 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) and anand‐amide. The levels of the latter compound are —threefold higher than those previously reported in any other brain region. In the reserpine‐treated rat, an animal model of Parkinson's disease, suppression of locomotion is accompanied by a sevenfold increase in the levels of the 2AG in the globus pallidus, but not in the other five brain regions analyzed. Stimulation of locomotion in the reserpine‐treated rat by either of the two selective agonists of D2 and D1 dopamine receptors, quinpirole and R‐(±)‐3‐allyl‐6‐chloro‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine hydrobromide (Cl‐APB), respectively, results in the reduction of both anandamide and 2AG levels in the globus pallidus. Finally, full restoration of locomotion in the reserpine‐treated rat is obtained by coadministration of quinpirole and the selective antagonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor subtype, SR141716A. These findings indicate a link between endocannabinoid signaling in the globus pallidus and symptoms of Parkinson's disease in the reserpine‐treated rat, and suggest that modulation of the endocannabinoid signaling system might prove useful in treating this or other basal ganglia‐related movement disorders.—Di Marzo, V., Hill, M. P., Bisogno, T., Crossman, A. R., Brotchie, J. M. Enhanced levels of endogenous cannabinoids in the globus pallidus are associated with a reduction in movement in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 14, 1432–1438 (2000)
Long-term human cytolytic T-cell lines allospecific for HLA-DR6 antigen are OKT4+. (1982)

Human allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines were established by weekly stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines in the presence of interleukin 2. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines were stimulated by either JY (which expresses HLA-A,B and -DR) or Daudi (which expresses HLA-DR but not -A,B antigens). Specificity of the effector cell lines was determined by antibody blocking and by patterns of cytolysis against a panel of target cell lines. The phenotype of the effector cells was identified by both negative (antibody and complement lysis) and positive (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) selection. The anti-JY lines only recognized targets bearing HLA-A2, B7 antigens and were composed exclusively of OKT4-8+ effector cells. The anti-Daudi lines, on the other hand, specifically recognized targets bearing DR6 and eventually contained only OKT4+8- cells. Thus, stimulation by Daudi cells can result in the generation of OKT4+ CTL lines that are allospecific for DR6 antigen.
Nondestructive assessment of dentin demineralization using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography after exposure to fluoride and laser irradiation (2009)

Previous studies have demonstrated that polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image natural and artificial caries in dentin. The purpose of this study was to measure nondestructively the severity of artificial caries lesions in dentin and determine the efficacy of intervention with anticaries agents including fluoride and lasers. Although several studies have assessed the utility of PS-OCT to image caries lesions in enamel and to quantify the lesion severity, only a few studies have focused on lesions in dentin. In this study, images of artificial dentin lesions on extracted human teeth were acquired with PS-OCT. Before exposure to an artificial demineralizing solution, three incisions were made on the sample surfaces using either Er:YAG, Nd:YAG (lambda = 355 nm), or TEA CO(2) lasers and selected areas were treated with topical fluoride to create six unique treatment areas for each of the three laser conditions investigated. The integrated reflectivity and depth of demineralization were calculated for each of the six areas on each sample using the PS-OCT images. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR) were used to measure lesion severity on histological thin sections for comparison. PS-OCT successfully measured the inhibition of demineralization by topical fluoride. Laser irradiation was not particularly effective in increasing or decreasing the rate of dentin demineralization. PLM and TMR corroborated those results. This study demonstrates that PS-OCT can be used to measure demineralization on dentin surfaces and determine the degree of inhibition of demineralization by anticaries agents.
Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry for the study of arachidonic acid metabolites (2012)

Arachidonic acid (AA) oxidation metabolism has been an important research topic for decades, and numerous oxidation products as well as enzymes involved in AA metabolism together with their downstream metabolites have been identified, although unknown pathways still remain to be characterized. In the present a study a new AA metabolite, 11-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (ETE), generated from a major product of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), 11(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), through 15-hydroxyprostaglandine dehydrogenase (15-PGDH)-mediated oxidation. 11-Oxo-ETE was found to have an anti-proliferative effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with a similar IC50 to a well- known anti-inflammatory mediator, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). It was also found that 11-oxo-ETE could be inactivated through the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/glutathione (GSH) pathway by forming a GSH adduct, or by undergoing reduction to 11(S)-HETE through metabolism by unknown reductases. AA is also subject to non-enzymatic oxidation due to its bis -allylic hydrogen atoms and four double bonds. Chiral LC-MS methods were used to distinguish the enzymatic and non-enzymatic products by monitoring the relevant products that were formed. Non-enzymatic pathways generate racemic mixtures, while enzymatic pathways are normally highly stereoselective. It is known that both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of AA followed by decomposition of the resulting oxidized intermediates, can generates short-chain aldehydes such as 4-hydroperoxy-2(E)-nonenal (HPNE), 4-hydroxy-2( E) nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE). However, it was discovered that the endoperoxide product of COX-2, PGG 2, is a major contributor to the formation of these aldehydes. Moreover, PGG2 and other hydroperoxides generate HPNE or HNE with different chiral characteristics. From COX-2 expressing human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (LoVo) cell lysate, 4(S)-HNE was detected with high enantiomeric purity indicating that the primary source was prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and not 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE) as had been previously suggested. Finally, through studies of 11(R)-HPETE and 15-HPETE decomposition, a new carboxylate-containing aldehyde, 11-oxoundeca-5,8-dienoic acid (OUDE) was identified. OUDE contains the α–terminus of the lipid hydroperoxide precursor and is analogous to HNE, which is derived from the ω–terminus. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) together with chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that OUDE was a mixture of two double bond isomers. It has been proposed that the two isomers are generated as a result of a rearrangement reaction subsequent to the formation of OUDE. In addition, by monitoring the chirality of the HNE that was formed from 11(R)-HPETE and 15-HPETE decomposition, a homolytic mechanism for HNE formation has been proposed.
Improved Cellular Infiltration in Electrospun Fiber via Engineered Porosity (2007)

Small pore sizes inherent to electrospun matrices can hinder efficient cellular ingrowth. To facilitate infiltration while retaining its extracellular matrix-like character, electrospinning was combined with salt leaching to produce a scaffold having deliberate, engineered delaminations. We made elegant use of a specific randomizing component of the electrospinning process, the Taylor Cone and the falling fiber beneath it, to produce a uniform, well-spread distribution of salt particles. After 3 weeks of culture, up to 4 mm of cellular infiltration was observed, along with cellular coverage of up to 70% within the delaminations. To our knowledge, this represents the first observation of extensive cellular infiltration of electrospun matrices. Infiltration appears to be driven primarily by localized proliferation rather than coordinated cellular locomotion. Cells also moved from the salt-generated porosity into the surrounding electrospun fiber matrix. Given that the details of salt deposition (amount, size, and number density) are far from optimized, the result provides a convincing illustration of the ability of mammalian cells to interact with appropriately tailored electrospun matrices. These layered structures can be precisely fabricated by varying the deposition interval and particle size conceivably to produce in vivo-like gradients in porosity such that the resulting scaffolds better resemble the desired final structure.
Biochemical assay for AD7C-NTP in urine as an Alzheimer's disease marker (1998)

A reliable and specific immunoassay has been developed to detect and measure AD7C-NTP, a biochemical marker for Alzheimer's disease, in urine. The urine samples are first processed by centrifugation and ultrafiltration to fractionate and concentrate AD7C-NTP. The urinaryAD7C-NTP has the same molecular weight asAD7C-NTP in brain and cerebrospinal fluid by size exclusion chromatography. It has also retained the binding properties to the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies developed against recombinantly produced AD7C-NTP. This assay is an enzyme linked sandwich immunoassay (ELSIA) using 96 well microtiter plates. The plate surface is coated with a monoclonal antibody (N314) which has a high affinity and specificity for AD7C-NTP, capturing it effectively from the samples. The detection was achieved using a polyclonal antibody (ADRI). The utility of the assay has been demonstrated using urine specimens from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and non-Alzheimer's controls. UrinaryAD7C-NTP in the AD group (2.5 ng/mL, n=66) was significantly higher than the non-AD group (0.8 ng/mL, n=134). Using 1.5 ng/mL as cut off, in this patient population, specificity and sensitivity of urinary AD7C-NTP were comparable to CSFAD7C-NTP.
Color schemes to represent the orientation of anisotropic tissues from diffusion tensor data: Application to white matter fiber tract mapping in the human brain (1999)

This paper investigates the use of color to represent the directional information contained in the diffusion tensor. Ideally, one wants to take into account both the properties of human color vision and of the given display hardware to produce a representation in which differences in the orientation of anisotropic structures are proportional to the perceived differences in color. It is argued here that such a goal cannot be achieved in general and therefore, empirical or heuristic schemes, which avoid some of the common artifacts of previously proposed approaches, are implemented. Directionally encoded color (DEC) maps of the human brain obtained using these schemes clearly show the main association, projection, and commissural white matter pathways. In the brainstem, motor and sensory pathways are easily identified and can be differentiated from the transverse pontine fibers and the cerebellar peduncles. DEC maps obtained from diffusion tensor imaging data provide a simple and effective way to visualize fiber direction, useful for investigating the structural anatomy of different organs. Magn Reson Med 42:526–540, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.