gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance n-Type Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors with Chemically Doped Contacts (2005)

Short channel ( approximately 80 nm) n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) with potassium (K) doped source and drain regions and high-kappa gate dielectrics (ALD HfO(2)) are obtained. For nanotubes with diameter approximately 1.6 nm and band gap approximately 0.55 eV, we obtain n-MOSFET-like devices exhibiting high on-currents due to chemically suppressed Schottky barriers at the contacts, subthreshold swing of 70 mV/decade, negligible ambipolar conduction, and high on/off ratios up to 10(6) at a bias voltage of 0.5 V. The results compare favorably with the state-of-the-art silicon n-MOSFETs and demonstrate the potential of SWNTs for future complementary electronics. The effects of doping level on the electrical characteristics of the nanotube devices are discussed.
<title>Hartmann-Shack sensor as a component in active optical system to improve the depth resolution of the laser tomographic scanner</title> (1991)

This paper presents the measurement of the wave aberrations of human eyes with a Hartmann-Shack Sensor (HSS), used in a system for active optical depth resolution improvement of the Laser Tomographic Scanner(LTS). A least-squares algorithm of modal wavefront estimation from the tested derivatives is described. The noise propagation of this algorithm is examined. And the experimental results of tested living eyes are presented.
Four-year outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a treat-and-extend regimen in Japanese patients (2021)

Intravitreal aflibercept TAE treatment may be an effective and efficient method for treating patients with neovascular AMD up to 4 years of follow-up. The TAE regimen is a potential tool to optimize appropriate treatment intervals, avoiding both undertreatment and overtreatment of neovascular AMD.
The EphA3 receptor is expressed in a subset of rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and suppresses cell adhesion and migration (2008)

Elevated expression of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase EphA3 is associated with lymphocytic leukaemia, but little is known about its expression or function in solid tumours. Out of a panel of cancer cell lines, we found that EphA3 was expressed only on two rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines of the embryonal histological subtype and on one of the alveolar RMS subtype, whereas it was not detected on two other cell lines of the alveolar subtype. Other EphA receptors (1-7) were, either not expressed in any, or expressed in all five RMS cell lines. Stimulation of EphA3-expressing TE671 and RD RMS cells with ephrinA5 resulted in loss of adhesion to fibronectin, decreased migration towards the stromal cell-derived growth factor-I (SDF-I), increased EphA3 phosphorylation, and increased Rho GTPase activity. In contrast, ectopic expression of EphA3 in the EphA3 negative CRL2061 cell line resulted in decreased cell adhesion. Finally, suppression of EphA3 expression by siRNA in RD cells results in increased SDF-I-mediated motility. These data indicate that EphA3 expression may define subsets of RMS tumours, and that EphA3 suppresses motility through regulation of Rho GTPases in RMS cells.
Long‐term Effects of a Multimodal Approach Including Immunoadsorption for the Treatment of Myasthenic Crisis (2006)

A multimodal treatment protocol with immunoadsorption (IA) as the central element was used in the treatment of myasthenic crisis (MC). Fifteen patients with MC were treated in repeated, uninterrupted 7-day cycles until mobilization with: (i) large-volume IA using an antihuman-IgG adsorber, days 1-5; (ii) intravenous immunoglobulin substitution (0.3-0.5 g/kg body weight [BW]/day), days 5-7; and (iii) immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (1-2 mg/kg BW/day) and prednisolone (0.5-1 mg/kg BW/day), until remission. Patients required a median of 8 days of mechanical ventilation, 12 days in the intensive care unit, and 35 days of hospitalization. Functional improvement compared to their precrisis condition was attained by 14 of 15 patients. MG severity score improved by a mean of 10 points, quality of life score by 9.8 points, and Karnofsky index by 29 points in 14 of 15 patients. Improvements remained stable and no further crises occurred during long-term follow-up, which averaged 4.4 years. No fatalities due to MC occurred. The results demonstrate that our protocol is a potent therapeutic approach in the treatment of MC.
Euphrates: Algorithm-SoC Co-Design for Low-Power Mobile Continuous Vision (2018)

Continuous computer vision (CV) tasks increasingly rely on convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, CNNs have massive compute demands that far exceed the performance and energy constraints of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose and develop an algorithm-architecture co-designed system, Euphrates, that simultaneously improves the energy-efficiency and performance of continuous vision tasks. Our key observation is that changes in pixel data between consecutive frames represents visual motion. We first propose an algorithm that leverages this motion information to relax the number of expensive CNN inferences required by continuous vision applications. We co-design a mobile System-on-a-Chip (SoC) architecture to maximize the efficiency of the new algorithm. The key to our architectural augmentation is to co-optimize different SoC IP blocks in the vision pipeline collectively. Specifically, we propose to expose the motion data that is naturally generated by the Image Signal Processor (ISP) early in the vision pipeline to the CNN engine. Measurement and synthesis results show that Euphrates achieves up to 66% SoC-level energy savings (4 times for the vision computations), with only 1% accuracy loss.
Blockade of Glutamate Release from Microglia Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice (2009)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Despite a variety of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulation drugs including interferon-beta are effective to reduce relapse risk, most patients have progressive neurological deterioration due to axonal degeneration. Accumulation of activated microglia is a pathological hallmark of active MS lesion. Microglia can act as not only antigen-presenting cells but also effector cells to damage other cells in the central nervous system. Especially, glutamate released by activated microglia induces excito-neurotoxicity and may contribute to neurodegeneration in MS. Gap junction is a major cell-to-cell channel and is composed of paired hemichannels on coupled cells. Recent studies showed that cells release various small molecules (including ions, ATP, and amino acids) from unpaired hemichannel of gap junction that is openly exposed to the extracellular space. We have previously revealed that activated microglia produce glutamate via glutaminase and release it through hemichannels of gap junctions. Thus, in this study, we examined whether the glutaminase inhibitor and the gap junction blocker relieved experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that is an animal model of MS. Here we show that the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone (CBX) and the glutaminase inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) decreased glutamate release from activated microglia and rescued neuronal death in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In EAE mice, treatment with CBX or DON also attenuated EAE clinical symptoms. Thus, blockade of glutamate release from activated microglia with CBX or DON may be an effective therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration in MS.
Protocol for Universal Gates in Optimally Biased Superconducting Qubits (2005)

We present a new experimental protocol for performing universal gates in a register of superconducting qubits coupled by fixed on-chip linear reactances. The qubits have fixed, detuned Larmor frequencies and can remain, during the entire gate operation, biased at their optimal working point where decoherence due to fluctuations in control parameters is suppressed to first order. Two-qubit gates are performed by simultaneously irradiating two qubits at their respective Larmor frequencies with appropriate amplitude and phase, while one-qubit gates are performed by the usual single-qubit irradiation pulses.
Treatment of Idiopathic Myelofibrosis Employing siRNA for Heat Shock Protein 47 (siRNA/HSP47) Encapsulated in Liposomes. (2007)

Abstract Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) fibrosis, splenomegaly, extramedurally hematopoiesis and anemia. At present, there is no curative treatment available for this disease except allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the high therapy-related mortality of allo-HSCT, even in reduced-intensity transplantation, could not be ignored. We report a novel approach for the treatment of IMF, utilizing siRNA for a collagen specific chaperon, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) encapsulated in liposomes (lip-siRNA/HSP47). We first confirmed suppression of HSP47 in NIH3T3 murine fibroblast cell line and primary murine BM fibroblasts, and collagen secretion from these cells by siRNA/HSP47. We next treated thrombopoietin (TPO) transgenic mice exhibiting IMF like feature (Shimoda K, Harada M et al. Leuk Res29, 761–769, 2005; Am J Hematol82, 802–806, 2007). In these mice, treatment by intravenous injection of lip-siRNA/HSP47 resulted in histological resolution of myelofibrosis associated with apoptotic death of BM fibroblasts, and improvement of anemia and splenomegaly. Thus, lip-siRNA/HSP47 therapy may be a promising treatment for IMF.
Stabilization of the amplification convertase of complement by monoclonal antibodies directed against human factor B. (1984)

Three IgM mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), 5B5-A, 2D2-B, and 5B12-A, were prepared by fusion of spleen cells from mice immunized with human B with the SP 2/0 myeloma cell line. They were assessed for their effect on cell-bound and fluid-phase amplification convertases of complement (C) with purified proteins in vitro. 5B5-A and 2D2-B were similar in their effects on cell-bound preformed C3bBb in that they bound to cell-bound C3bBb, stabilized the C3bBb convertase, and rendered the C3bBb convertase relatively resistant to the plasma protein H. These two MoAb were also able to enhance C3 consumption in vitro in reaction mixtures containing C3b, C3, B, and D. At the same time, they presumably stabilized the C3 convertase and caused relative sparing of B hemolytic activity in the reaction mixtures. In contrast, 5B12-A, which also bound to Bb and C3bBb, did not induce any stabilization, but rather caused accelerated decay of cell-bound C3bBb. These results indicate that MoAb against B can have C3NeF-like activity. On the other hand, not all MoAb against B have stabilizing activity on the C3bBb convertase.
TSP50, a possible protease in human testes, is activated in breast cancer epithelial cells. (2002)

Initial studies have identified TSP50 as a human testes-specific gene that is demethylated in breast cancer. In this study, we will present new data related to the TSP50 gene. We have found that the TSP50 gene product shares a similar enzymatic structure with many serine proteases. However, the most critical catalytic site, serine, has been replaced by threonine. Western analysis revealed that in human testes, the TSP50 antibody detected two closely positioned protein bands whose estimated molecular masses were 37 kDa, whereas in a large portion of breast cancer tissues, but not normal control tissues, only one band was present. Immunohistochemistry assays found TSP50 proteins located in the spermatocytes of human testes, whereas in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed that gene activation in breast tumors took place in malignant mammary epithelial cells. These results suggested that the normal function of the TSP50 gene was involved in spermatogenesis, whereas the up-regulation of TSP50 in many breast cancer patients not only indicated that it might be a novel biomarker for this disease but also encouraged us to further explore the possibility of whether it was an oncogene.
Designing Neural Network Architectures using Reinforcement Learning (2016)

At present, designing convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures requires both human expertise and labor. New architectures are handcrafted by careful experimentation or modified from a handful of existing networks. We introduce MetaQNN, a meta-modeling algorithm based on reinforcement learning to automatically generate high-performing CNN architectures for a given learning task. The learning agent is trained to sequentially choose CNN layers using $Q$-learning with an $ε$-greedy exploration strategy and experience replay. The agent explores a large but finite space of possible architectures and iteratively discovers designs with improved performance on the learning task. On image classification benchmarks, the agent-designed networks (consisting of only standard convolution, pooling, and fully-connected layers) beat existing networks designed with the same layer types and are competitive against the state-of-the-art methods that use more complex layer types. We also outperform existing meta-modeling approaches for network design on image classification tasks.
Selling Zoning: Do Density Bonus Incentives for Moderate-Cost Housing Work? (1990)

Abstract Many cities in the United States have adopted inclusionary housing programs, which require developers to provide some units at below-market rents or prices. The supporters1 and critics2 of these housing programs agree that, to pass legal muster, inclusionary programs must not reduce project profits below normal levels.3 Local governments, then, must decide whether to offer financial incentives that would compensate developers for the reduced value of controlled projects.
Effects of complement inhibition with soluble complement receptor-1 on vascular injury and inflammation during renal allograft rejection in the rat. (1996)

Complement is both an effector of the humoral immune response and a stimulator of leukocyte activation. To examine the influence of complement on the allograft response, we inhibited complement using recombinant human soluble complement receptor-1 (sCR1; TP10), in an unsensitized model of rat renal allograft rejection. Lewis to DA renal transplant recipients were treated daily with 25 mg/kg sCR1 or saline and sacrificed on days 1 to 5 after transplant. Transplanted organs were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for leukocyte subset markers and for the third component of complement, C3, and membrane attack complex deposition. A second set of recipients was followed from day 5 to day 9 to assess graft survival. sCR1-treated recipients displayed > 90% inhibition of plasma complement activity and a marked reduction in tissue C3 and membrane attack complex deposition. Inactivation of complement reduced the vascular injury such that there was almost complete sparing of vascular damage in day 5 sCR1-treated rats. There was a significant reduction in infiltrating leukocytes by day 5 after transplant, and complement inhibition delayed the time to reach a histologically defined end point of graft survival from 5 days in controls to 9 days in the sCR1-treated group. These results imply that the vascular and cell-mediated injury arises, in part, from complement activation. The partial inhibition of these injuries by sCR1 may have functional implications for strategies to inhibit allograft rejection.
Zinc's Affect on Proton Transfer between Imidazole and Acetate Predicted by ab Initio Calculations (2000)

We have recently reported proton dissociation energies of common zinc coordinates, in the presence and absence of the zinc divalent cation, that were obtained from large basis set density functional theory calculations, which suggest a possibility of imidazolate as a zinc coordinate in proteins. To investigate this possibility in further detail, we have searched for potential proton acceptors for the zinc-coordinated imidazole group, as potential proton donors in proteins, through a survey of zinc protein crystal structures and ab initio calculations. Herein, we report the result of our survey of the Protein Data Bank and the ab initio calculations using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and MP2/6-311+G(d,p) methods. The results reveal that the imidazole−acetate dyad is energetically less stable than the imidazolate−acetic acid dyad when the imidazole and imidazolate are coordinating to the zinc divalent cation, and vice versa in the absence of zinc. The results suggest that the carboxylate group of Asp(Glu) at the second coordination shell of a zinc complex in proteins is not a hydrogen bond acceptor but rather a proton acceptor for the zinc-coordinated imidazole.
Intelligent Autonomic Strategy to Attacks in Network Infrastructure Protection: Feedback Methods to IDS, Using Policies, Alert Filters and Firewall Packet Filters for Multiple Protocols (2006)

The intrusion detection systems (IDSs) currently in use are designed to monitor potential attacks in networks by triggering alerts. However these alerts consist of high volumes of false positives, triggered by suspicious but normal, benign connections. In this paper we discuss false positives and their impact on intrusion detection and response. Then we propose a novel approach for an efficient intelligent detection and response using "network quarantine channels" (NQCs). The NQC is defined as subnet zones that respond to packets as they are diverted to its hosts for analysis before being permitted into the internal network. The innovative approach includes feedback mechanisms involving adaptive rules, alert filters and policies of the IDS network sensors for various protocols. The effect is the enhancement of the capability of the IDS to detect threats and benign attacks
Sustainable Aquaculture in the Twenty-First Century (2000)

There have been many efforts to create a conceptual framework for understanding and defining sustainable aquaculture. A recent consensus or stakeholder view (Caffey et al., 1998) approached sustainability from three perspectives: environmental, economic, and sociological. Often, stakeholder views are snapshot or present oriented. The multiple variables affecting sustainability and viability are considered from a here-and-now perspective rather than considering the effects that significant change in one or several variables might cause. Aquatic nitrogen loads generated from the sewage effluent of a growing, global human population (15 billion vs. 6 billion people) may prevent the legal discharge of any aquacultural effluents. Much of the intensive aquaculture industry has a highly centralized structure with respect to production and distribution. This centralized development has flourished around energy-rich — at times extravagant — cultures and economies. How will increased costs or shortages of electricity, gasoline, and diesel fuel affect the sustainability or survival of the current production system? Does a large, centralized industry provide more jobs and profit or a better quality of life (per capita) than widely dispersed, small-scale operations producing at local or county levels? Nutrient recycling (converting nitrogen back to protein) through different polyculture systems could be more practical and efficient than controlling or treating the effluents associated with traditional, intensive monoculture practices. Phytoplankton and zooplankton occupy sizable respiratory (oxygen consumption) niches in the production pond environment — and have no market value. Careful selection of suitable filter feeding fish and mollusks for polyculture could open up these niches for the production of species with greater economic value. It might be more desirable to culture channel catfish with paddlefish and some species of freshwater mussel than to face bankruptcy because it has become illegal to discharge effluents from production ponds used for intensive monoculture. Ultimately, sustainability may be the aquaculture industry's ability to adapt on a planet with an ever-increasing human population that continues to consume its limited supply of nonrenewable resources at an alarming rate.
Principles of Modern Chemistry (1986)

PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY has long been considered the standard book for the course, and this modern text has been significantly revised at the sentence level to make it more student-centered and friendly. Authors David W. Oxtoby and H. P. Gillis are now joined by respected researcher and professor, Alan Campion of the University of Texas-Austin, who brings his expertise on surface physics and chemistry and condensed matter spectroscopy to the sixth edition. PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY has the well-earned reputation of being the most chemically and mathematically accurate and rigorous book on the market, and this edition is no exception. Generated at the Texas Advanced Computing Center at UT-Austin, new mathematically accurate artistic representations of atomic and molecular orbitals will help you easily derive information visually and see how the orbital equations translate into the orbitals' shapes.
The output of Hedgehog signaling is controlled by the dynamic association between Suppressor of Fused and the Gli proteins (2010)

The transcriptional program orchestrated by Hedgehog signaling depends on the Gli family of transcription factors. Gli proteins can be converted to either transcriptional activators or truncated transcriptional repressors. We show that the interaction between Gli3 and Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) regulates the formation of either repressor or activator forms of Gli3. In the absence of signaling, Sufu restrains Gli3 in the cytoplasm, promoting its processing into a repressor. Initiation of signaling triggers the dissociation of Sufu from Gli3. This event prevents formation of the repressor and instead allows Gli3 to enter the nucleus, where it is converted into a labile, differentially phosphorylated transcriptional activator. This key dissociation event depends on Kif3a, a kinesin motor required for the function of primary cilia. We propose that the Sufu-Gli3 interaction is a major control point in the Hedgehog pathway, a pathway that plays important roles in both development and cancer.
Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Mediator of Cerebral Ischemic Damage (2006)

The present results strongly suggest that H2S plays a part in cerebral ischemic damage after stroke. Inhibition of H2S synthesis should be investigated for its potential as a novel neuroprotective stroke therapy.