gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Headache in the Rural Village of Quiroga, Ecuador (1985)

SYNOPSIS Epidemiologic studies on headache among the Mestizo population in the rural village of Quiroga, Ecuador, was carried out as part of a neuroepidemiologic project under sponsorship of the World Health Organization. The distribution and prevalence of headache according to age and sex taken from a sample of 1113 persons is reported. Of the total number of headache sufferers, 35% gave a history of only occasional headache; these were equally divided among males and females. The remainder or 65% regarded their headaches as severe or disabling; 81% were female. Of these, 43% described migrainous headaches. Among the males the headache classification was 77% tension‐type and 23% migrainous. The overall prevalence of migraine (both common and classical) was 11/1000 for males and 61.5/1000 for females. In a preliminary investigation of the association of headache and depression, 63% of 19 female sufferers scored clearly in the depressed range.
Interleukin-18 increases metastasis and immune escape of stomach cancer via the downregulation of CD70 and maintenance of CD44 (2009)

Cancer cells metastasize to the other site after escaping from the immune system and CD70, CD44 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play important roles in this process. It is recently reported that interleukin (IL)-18 is closely related with the pathogenesis of skin tumor. Therefore, we investigated the role of endogenous IL-18 from stomach cancer on the immune escape mechanism and metastasis via the regulation of CD70, CD44 and VEGF expression. IL-18 and IL-18R expressions were not only investigated on tumor tissues (n = 10), and sera (n = 20) from stomach cancer patients, but also on human stomach cancer cell lines. IL-18 and IL-18R expressions were found on stomach cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. In addition, IL-18 levels were elevated in sera from cancer patients (P < 0.05), compared with sera from normal individuals. Changes in CD70, CD44 and VEGF expression by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immune susceptibility by (51)Cr-release assay were investigated, after silencing or neutralization of endogenous IL-18. CD70 expression was increased and it increases immune susceptibility of cancer cells. In contrast, CD44 and VEGF expression was decreased and it suppresses neovascularization and the metastasis of stomach cancer. After inoculation of IL-18 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected stomach cancer cells into Balb/C (nu/nu) mice, regression of tumor mass was determined by measuring of tumor size. And the number and location of metastatic lesions were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The regression of tumor mass and the suppression of metastasis were observed in the mice, which are injected with IL-18 siRNA-transfected cell lines. Our data suggest that endogenous IL-18 might facilitate stomach cancer cell immune escape by suppressing CD70 and increasing metastatic ability by upregulating CD44 and VEGF.
Changes of Vascular Reactivity Induced by Low Vasopressin Concentrations: Interactions with Cortisol and Lithium and Possible Involvement of Prostaglandins* (1978)

Arginine vasopressin in physiological concentrations potentiated the vascular effects of various vasoconstrictor agents. By using the isolated rat mesenteric artery preparation, the pressor effects of norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and potassium chloride were all significantly increased when vasopressin was added to the perfusion buffer. Cortisol and lithium both inhibited the potentiating effect of vasopressin but had no effect on the control pressor response to norepinephrine. When the vascular effects of norepinephrine were first blocked with indomethacin and then restored by the addition of prostaglandin E2, the potentiation by vasopressin was almost completely prevented. This suggests that vasopressin may be acting by stimulating prostaglandin biosynthesis. Cortisol and lithium may exert their inhibitory effects by preventing the activation of prostaglandin synthesis by vasopressin. These findings may be of clinical significance because the phenomena occur well within the range of vasopressin levels found in human plasma.
Guajadials C-F, four unusual meroterpenoids from Psidium guajava (2013)

Guajadials C-F (1–4), four sesquiterpenoid-based meroterpenoids with unprecedented skeletons were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Their structures and relative configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. A possible biosynthetic pathway for 1–4 was also proposed.
Gut perception in humans is modulated by interacting gut stimuli (2002)

Digestive symptoms depend on multiple interacting gut stimuli, but integration of visceral afferent traffic is poorly understood. Our aim was to elucidate the contribution of simultaneous intestinal stimuli to conscious perception. In 17 healthy subjects, we performed stimulus-response trials of jejunal distensions (1-min duration at 5-min intervals in 8-ml increments) either alone or with a background electrical stimulus, and stimulus-response trials of electrical stimuli (1-min duration at 5-min intervals in 6-mA steps) either alone or with a background intestinal distension. The four stimulus-response trials were performed concomitantly applying the different types of stimuli in random order. Perception was measured on a scale of 0 to 6. Background stimulation markedly increased perception of test stimuli, reducing tolerance from 44 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 3 ml and from 67 +/- 6 to 33 +/- 4 mA (P < 0.05 for both). However, whereas jejunal distensions below the perception threshold did not modify perception of the background stimulus (4 +/- 1% change; not significant), unperceived electrical stimuli exerted a sensitizing effect and increased perception of the background distension up to uncomfortable levels (111 +/- 40% increment; P < 0.05). In conclusion, activation of different pools of jejunal afferents produces summative effects on perception, and this sensitizing effect can be exerted by unperceived stimulation of mechanoinsensitive jejunal afferents.
PSGL-1 participates in E-selectin–mediated progenitor homing to bone marrow: evidence for cooperation between E-selectin ligands and α4 integrin (2003)

The nature and exact function of selectin ligands involved in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) homing to the bone marrow (BM) are unclear. Using murine progenitor homing assays in lethally irradiated recipients, we found that the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) plays a partial role in HPC homing to the BM (a reduction of about 35% when the P-selectin binding region is blocked). Blockade of both PSGL-1 and alpha4 integrin did not further enhance the effect of anti-alpha4 integrin (a reduction of about 55%). We suspected that E-selectin ligands might contribute to the remaining homing activity. To test this hypothesis, HPC homing assays were carried out in E-selectin-deficient recipients and revealed a profound alteration in HPC homing when E-selectin and alpha4 integrin were inactivated (> 90% reduction). Competitive assays to test homing of long-term repopulating stem cells revealed a drastic reduction (> 99%) of the homed stem cell activity when both alpha4 integrin and E-selectin functions were absent. Further homing studies with PSGL-1-deficient HPCs pretreated with anti-alpha4 integrin antibody revealed that PSGL-1 contributes to approximately 60% of E-selectin ligand-mediated homing activity. Our results thus underscore a major difference between mature myeloid cells and immature stem/progenitor cells in that E-selectin ligands cooperate with alpha4 integrin rather than P-selectin ligands.
Life After Cerovive (2007)

The SAINT II Trial, a large randomized multicenter clinical trial of the putative neuroprotectant, NXY-059, failed to demonstrate a treatment benefit in acute ischemic stroke. The further development of this agent was suspended. The implications of this outcome are considered from several perspectives, including: (1) the marginally positive antecedent trial, SAINT I, and the critical commentary stimulated by it, which called attention to its interpretively challenging primary outcome measure--a shift in the full-scale modified Rankin scale score--and to other statistical shortcomings; (2) the cogency of the STAIR recommendations, to which the development of NXY-059 closely adhered; and (3) the inherent physiochemical shortcomings of NXY-059 as a neuroprotective agent--its polar, nonlipophilic nature, poor blood-brain barrier penetrability, nonphysiological oxidation potential, and low potency. Caution is urged, however, regarding the unwarranted adoption of a nihilistic view toward neuroprotection on the part of the stroke community in view of the abundant preclinical evidence demonstrating proof-of-principle of the feasibility of neuroprotection, as well as the multiplicity of biochemical and molecular neuroprotective targets. The author offers the personal example of a translational journey in which a promising neuroprotectant agent targeting multiple injury mechanisms, high-dose albumin therapy, has proceeded successfully from preclinical studies that established efficacy through a pilot clinical trial that demonstrated safety and offered strong suggestions of clinical efficacy, leading to a large multicenter clinical trial currently in progress.
Synthesis of substituted 3‐amino[6,5‐b]triazinoindoles (1975)

Abstract 4‐[(9‐Methyl‐ as ‐triazino[6,5‐ b ]indol‐3‐yl)amino]‐2‐methyl‐2‐butanol ( 13 ) and the corresponding 2‐methyl‐3‐imino derivative 12 were synthesized and tested in vitro against Rhino 2 virus. The two compounds were more active than the known triazino[5,6‐ b ]indole 4 . 2,9‐Dimethyl‐3‐methoxy‐9 H ‐ as ‐triazino[6,5‐ b ]indolium tosylate ( 21 ) and the related 3‐methylthio compound 9 were prepared. Quaternary 21 formed a pseudo base, 22a , whereas quaternary 9 did not form a pseudo base.
A role for the fibrinogen‐binding regions of streptococcal M proteins in phagocytosis resistance (2000)

All virulent group A streptococcal isolates bind fibrinogen, a property that is closely linked to expression of type-specific antiphagocytic surface molecules designated M proteins. Here we show that although the M proteins from two different strains, M1 and M5, both bind fibrinogen with high affinity, they interact with different regions in the ligand. Moreover, mapping experiments demonstrated that the fibrinogen-binding regions in the M1 and M5 proteins are quite dissimilar at the amino acid sequence level and that they bind to different regions in the plasma protein. In spite of these differences, the fibrinogen-binding regions of M1 and M5 could both be shown to contribute to streptococcal survival in human blood, providing evidence for the distinct function of a plasma protein interaction in bacterial pathogenesis.
Incorporation of phenoxy groups in self-assembled monolayers of trichlorosilane derivatives. Effects on film thickness, wettability, and molecular orientation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncorporation of phenoxy groups in self-assembled monolayers of trichlorosilane derivatives. Effects on film thickness, wettability, and molecular orientationNolan. Tillman, Abraham. Ulman, Jay S. Schildkraut, and Thomas L. PennerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 18, 6136–6144Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00226a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1853Altmetric-Citations305LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Potential Purine Antagonists VII. Synthesis of 6-Alkylpyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidines1,2a (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Purine Antagonists VII. Synthesis of 6-Alkylpyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidines1,2aC. C. CHENG and ROLAND K. ROBINSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 2, 191–200Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01096a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01096a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Transcriptomic Atlas of Mouse Neocortical Layers (2011)

In the mammalian cortex, neurons and glia form a patterned structure across six layers whose complex cytoarchitectonic arrangement is likely to contribute to cognition. We sequenced transcriptomes from layers 1-6b of different areas (primary and secondary) of the adult (postnatal day 56) mouse somatosensory cortex to understand the transcriptional levels and functional repertoires of coding and noncoding loci for cells constituting these layers. A total of 5,835 protein-coding genes and 66 noncoding RNA loci are differentially expressed ("patterned") across the layers, on the basis of a machine-learning model (naive Bayes) approach. Layers 2-6b are each associated with specific functional and disease annotations that provide insights into their biological roles. This new resource (http://genserv.anat.ox.ac.uk/layers) greatly extends currently available resources, such as the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas and microarray data sets, by providing quantitative expression levels, by being genome-wide, by including novel loci, and by identifying candidate alternatively spliced transcripts that are differentially expressed across layers.
Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Transcription by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (1996)

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is induced in cells exposed to hypoxia or ischemia. Neovascularization stimulated by VEGF occurs in several important clinical contexts, including myocardial ischemia, retinal disease, and tumor growth. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix protein that activates transcription of the human erythropoietin gene in hypoxic cells. Here we demonstrate the involvement of HIF-1 in the activation of VEGF transcription. VEGF 5'-flanking sequences mediated transcriptional activation of reporter gene expression in hypoxic Hep3B cells. A 47-bp sequence located 985 to 939 bp 5' to the VEGF transcription initiation site mediated hypoxia-inducible reporter gene expression directed by a simian virus 40 promoter element that was otherwise minimally responsive to hypoxia. When reporters containing VEGF sequences, in the context of the native VEGF or heterologous simian virus 40 promoter, were cotransfected with expression vectors encoding HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta (ARNT [aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator]), reporter gene transcription was much greater in both hypoxic and nonhypoxic cells than in cells transfected with the reporter alone. A HIF-1 binding site was demonstrated in the 47-bp hypoxia response element, and a 3-bp substitution eliminated the ability of the element to bind HIF-1 and to activate transcription in response to hypoxia and/or recombinant HIF-1. Cotransfection of cells with an expression vector encoding a dominant negative form of HIF-1alpha inhibited the activation of reporter transcription in hypoxic cells in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF mRNA was not induced by hypoxia in mutant cells that do not express the HIF-1beta (ARNT) subunit. These findings implicate HIF-1 in the activation of VEGF transcription in hypoxic cells.
Development and Application of a Fully Automated Continuous Flow Radioimmunoassay System (1977)

A fully automated, continuous flow radioimmunoassay system is described. The antibodies are covalently linked to a magnetic cellulose solid phase and separation of bound and free antigen is achieved by applying an external electromagnetic field. The bound fraction, after washing, is counted in a flow-through gamma counter chamber. The system employing Auto Analyzer modules, is highly reproducible and allows assays to be performed without equilibrium being reached, and only 10 minutes incubation time is required. The method is universally applicable to the assay of ligands, either protein, hormone, or drug, and for obtaining information about binding proteins. A new approach to the latter has been developed and is illustrated by a fully automated thyroid hormone uptake test which gives better discrimination between normal and pathological states than existing assays. The system operates at 30 samples/h and is characterised by the high precision, speed, and minimal carry-over which can be achieved.
A New Model of the Tautomycin—PP1 Complex that Is Not Analogous to the Corresponding Okadaic Acid Structure. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Purification of Clostridium botulinum Type A Neurotoxin (2003)

Botulinum neurotoxins produced by strains of the spore-bearing bacterium Clostridium botulinum have long been known to cause a distinctive paralytic disease in humans and animals (1). In recent years, injection of crystalline botulinum toxin type A has been demonstrated to provide relief from certain involuntary muscle disorders, dystonic conditions, pain syndromes, and headaches (2,3,4). The use of botulinum toxin for treatment of human disease and its usefulness in cell biology (5) has stimulated interest in the study of the toxin complexes and the neurotoxin component within the complexes. The use of botulinum toxin complex in medicine will benefit from the development of more potent, less antigenic, and longer-lasting toxin preparations. In this chapter we describe methods for production of high-quality botulinum type A toxin complex and neurotoxin. The procedures described in this chapter are not those used for preparation of botulinum toxin for medical use (3).
Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation (2014)

Prokka is implemented in Perl and is freely available under an open source GPLv2 license from http://vicbioinformatics.com/.
MEG detection of delayed auditory evoked responses in autism spectrum disorders: towards an imaging biomarker for autism (2010)

Motivated by auditory and speech deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the frequency dependence of superior temporal gyrus (STG) 50 msec (M50) and 100 msec (M100) neuromagnetic auditory evoked field responses in children with ASD and typically developing controls were evaluated. Whole-cortex magnetoencephalography (MEG) was obtained from 17 typically developing children and 25 children with ASD. Subjects were presented tones with frequencies of 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 Hz, and left and right STG M50 and M100 STG activity was examined. No M50 latency or amplitude Group differences were observed. In the right hemisphere, a Group x Frequency ANOVA on M100 latency produced a main effect for Group (P=0.01), with an average M100 latency delay of 11 msec in children with ASD. In addition, only in the control group was the expected association of earlier M100 latencies in older than younger children observed. Group latency differences remained significant when hierarchical regression analyses partialed out M100 variance associated with age, IQ, and language ability (all P-values <0.05). Examining the right-hemisphere 500 Hz condition (where the largest latency differences were observed), a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 81%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86% was obtained at a threshold of 116 msec. The M100 latency delay indicates disruption of encoding simple sensory information. Given similar findings in language impaired and non-language impaired ASD subjects, a right-hemisphere M100 latency delay appears to be an electrophysiological endophenotype for autism.
The biochemistry of silicic acid (1939)

Research Article| June 01 1939 The biochemistry of silicic acid: The determination of silica Earl Judson King Earl Judson King 1The British Postgraduate Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1939) 33 (6): 944–954. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330944 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Earl Judson King; The biochemistry of silicic acid: The determination of silica. Biochem J 1 June 1939; 33 (6): 944–954. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330944 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1939 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1939 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.