gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen metabolism in bears: urea metabolism in summer starvation and in winter sleep and role of urinary bladder in water and nitrogen conservation. (1975)

Three bears were studied under conditions of (1) no food but access to water for 2 weeks and (2) no food or water for 3 weeks. During starvation in summer, the bears could not inhibit the net production of urea but used lean body mass; when denied access to water as well, the bears became dehydrated and azotemic. Urea was continuously formed and degraded in the winter. Arginase activity in liver increased in winter sleep; hepatic steatosis and inflammatory reactions were also noted. The urinary bladder readsorbed labeled urea and D20 in winter; the rate of absorption of urea was equal to the rate of excretion of it into the bladder. The ability to preserve lean body mass during winter sleep apparently is a special mechanism associated with the induction of winter sleep. Bears cannot duplicate this feat during summertime starvation. In winter sleep, urea is formed and degraded but the nitrogen produced is conserved in some manner that maintains the total nitrogen pool constant. The urinary bladder plays a central role in maintaining the state of winter sleep by absorbing water and solute at a rate equal to their entry into the urinary bladder.
Altered T cell surface glycosylation in HIV-1 infection results in increased susceptibility to galectin-1-induced cell death (2003)

The massive T cell death that occurs in HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection contributes profoundly to the pathophysiology associated with AIDS. The mechanisms controlling cell death of both infected and uninfected T cells ("bystander" death) are not completely understood. We have shown that HIV-1 infection of T cells results in altered glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins; specifically, it decreased sialylation and increased expression of core 2 O-glycans. Galectin-1 is an endogenous human lectin that recognizes these types of glycosylation changes and induces cell death of activated lymphocytes. Therefore we studied the possible contribution of galectin-1 in the pathophysiology of AIDS. O-glycan modifications were investigated on peripheral lymphocytes from AIDS patients. Oligosaccharides from CD43 and CD45 of CEM cells latently infected with HIV-1 were chemically analyzed. Consistent with our previous results, we show that HIV-1 infection results in accumulation of exposed lactosamine residues, oligosaccharides recognized by galectin-1 on cell surface glycoproteins. Both latently HIV-1-infected T cell lines and peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells from AIDS patients exhibited exposed lactosamine residues and demonstrated marked susceptibility to galectin-1-induced cell death, in contrast to control cultures or cells from uninfected donors. The fraction of cells that died in response to galectin-1 exceeded the fraction of infected cells, indicating that death of uninfected cells occurred. Altered cell surface glycosylation of T cells during HIV-1 infection increases the susceptibility to galectin-1-induced cell death, and this death pathway can contribute to loss of both infected and uninfected T cells in AIDS.
Expression of atrial natriuretic factor as a cleavable fusion protein with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli (1988)

Recombinant fusion proteins containing human atrial natriuretic factor, ANF(1-28) joined to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) via cleavable linker sequences have been produced in Escherichia coli. The linker sequences were designed to allow the release of authentic ANF(1-28) following proteolytic cleavage by enterokinase or thrombin, or chemical cleavage with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulphenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine. Proteins, containing ANF(1-28) fused to the carboxyl-terminal region of CAT (using the ScaI restriction site in the cat gene), were largely soluble in E. coli and were obtained in higher yield than analogues containing ANF(1-28) linked to shorter CAT sequences. The longer derivatives also retained CAT activity allowing subsequent purification by affinity chromatography.
Quantitative Measurements of Amino Acids by Terahertz Time-Domain Transmission Spectroscopy (2006)

The quantitative analysis of amino acids by terahertz (THz) time-domain absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated. The optical densities of the amino acids were found to be linearly proportional to the concentration. The molar absorption coefficients of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), L-glutamic acid sodium salt (Na-L-Glu), L-glutamic acid hydrochloric salt (HCl-L-Glu), L-cysteine (L-Cys), and L-histidine (L-His) were calculated by averaging the THz spectra of the amino acids at several different concentrations in approximately the 0.2-1.0 mol L(-1) range. The concentrations of L-Glu, L-Cys, and L-His mixed samples were successfully calculated with errors of less than 11% and 20% when their concentrations were higher than 0.45 and 0.22 mol L(-1), respectively, by using the obtained molar absorption coefficient.
Fishing in the Stream of Diabetes: From Measuring Insulin to the Control of Fetal Organogenesis (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Fishing in the Stream of Diabetes: From Measuring Insulin to the Control of Fetal Organogenesis C. N. Hales; C. N. Hales 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Desai; M. Desai 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. E. Ozanne; S. E. Ozanne 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. J. Crowther N. J. Crowther 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240341 Article history Received: December 13 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. N. Hales, M. Desai, S. E. Ozanne, N. J. Crowther; Fishing in the Stream of Diabetes: From Measuring Insulin to the Control of Fetal Organogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 341–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240341 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The product of the pleiotropic Escherichia coli gene csrA modulates glycogen biosynthesis via effects on mRNA stability (1995)

The carbon storage regulator gene, csrA, modulates the expression of genes in the glycogen biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis pathways in Escherichia coli and has been cloned, mapped and sequenced (T. Romeo, M. Gong, M.Y. Liu, and A.M. Brun-Zinkernagel, J. Bacteriol. 175:4744-4755, 1993; T. Romeo and M. Gong, J. Bacteriol. 175:5740-5741, 1993). We have now conducted experiments that begin to elucidate a unique mechanism for csrA-mediated regulation. Steady-state levels of glgC transcripts, encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, were elevated by up to sixfold in a csrA::kanR mutant and were less than 6.5% of wild-type levels in a strain containing pCSR10 (csrA+), as shown by S1 nuclease protection analysis. The rate of chemical decay of these transcripts after adding rifampin to cultures was dramatically reduced by the csrA::kanR mutation. Deletion studies of a glgC'-'lacZ translational fusion demonstrated that the region surrounding the initiation codon was important for csrA-mediated regulation and indicated that neither csrA-mediated regulation nor stationary phase induction of glgC expression originates at the level of transcript initiation. Cell-free (S-200) extracts containing the CsrA gene product potently and specifically inhibited the in vitro transcription-translation of glg genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of CsrA was found to contain the KH motif, which characterizes a subset of diverse RNA-binding proteins. The results indicate that CsrA accelerates net 5'-to-3' degradation of glg transcripts, potentially through selective RNA binding.
El arado y el yugo en Navaombela. Denominación de sus partes y piezas (1983)

espanolNavaombela es un pueblo salmantino esencialmente agricola que ha ido evolucionando hacia la ganaderia. Se conservan yugos y arados que son reliquias del pasado aunque se siguen utilizando actualmente en la labranza de las tierras. Se detallan sus componentes. EnglishNavaombela is an eaentially agricultural village in Salamanca which has evolved towards cattle-rearing. Yokes and ploughs which are relics of the past are still conserved and used nowadays to farm the land. The implements used are listed
Adaptive selectivity estimation using query feedback (1994)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for estimating the record selectivities of database queries. The real attribute value distribution is adaptively approximated by a curve-fitting function using a query feedback mechanism. This approach has the advantage of requiring no extra database access overhead for gathering statistics and of being able to continuously adapt the value distribution through queries and updates. Experimental results show that the estimation accuracy of this approach is comparable to traditional methods based on statistics gathering.
Altered gene expression of c-myc, epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, and c-erb-B2 in an immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, HMT-3522, is associated with decreased growth factor requirements. (1992)

Activation of protooncogenes and constitutive secretion of autocrine growth factors are thought to be involved in the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. We have attempted to elucidate the role of oncogenes and growth factors in the premalignant progression of human breast epithelial cells by using an immortalized, nontumorigenic, near-diploid human mammary epithelial cell line, HMT-3522, derived from a fibrocystic lesion and established in our laboratory. During propagation in tissue culture, the growth factor requirements of the HMT-3522 cells decreased simultaneously with an amplification and overexpression of the c-myc protooncogene. Other protooncogenes related to human breast cancer were unaltered with regard to gene copy number and expression. In passage 118, in which the most important growth factor still was epidermal growth factor (EGF), we were able to isolate an EGF-independent subline (S2). The EGF independence of S2 was accompanied by an overexpression of the mRNAs for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), transforming growth factor-alpha, and c-erb-B2 as compared to the EGF-dependent subline (S1). Moreover, by application of a blocking anti-EGF-R antibody, growth of S2 cells in EGF-free medium was inhibited significantly, indicating that EGF-R was involved in an autocrine loop probably with transforming growth factor-alpha as ligand. Neither the late passages of S1 cells nor S2 cells were tumorigenic after subcutaneous transplantation to athymic mice. Our results indicate that c-myc amplification and overexpression are correlated with a decreased requirement for growth factors. Even when these alterations are combined with immortalization and EGF independence, they are insufficient for malignant transformation of these human breast epithelial cells.
A natural cytokine mixture (IRX-2) and interference with immune suppression induce immune mobilization and regression of head and neck cancer (1998)

Prior studies indicate that combination immunotherapy of squamous cell cancer (SCC) of head and neck (H&N) with cytokines is feasible (Hadden et al., 1994). To induce immune regression of H&N SCC 20 stage II-IV patients received 3 weeks prior to surgery low dose cyclophosphamide (300 mg/M2), then 10 daily perilymphatic injections of a natural cytokine mixture (IRX-2)(150 units of IL-2 equivalence) and daily oral indomethacin and zinc. Tumor responses, T-lymphocyte and subset counts, and toxicity were monitored. Six patients had major clinical responses (both complete [CR] and partial [PR]) without major toxicity. Five of 20 patients were lymphocytopenic (1242 +/- 88 mm3) prior to treatment and the immunotherapy induced marked significant increases in total lymphocyte counts, CD3+ T-cells, and both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as well as a population of CD3+, CD4-, and CD8- lymphocytes. The post treatment specimen of 18/20 patients showed histologically tumor fragmentation, overall reduction and diffuse infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Histologic tumor reductions in these patients averaged 44% and the lymphoid infiltration increased 4.7 fold from 9-42%. The immune infiltration of the tumor reflects varying degrees of both T- and B-cells and indicates immunization to the tumor. The immunization achieved may improve clinical control of H&N SCC by improving the possibility that surgical resection of advanced loco-regional disease will leave no viable tumor.
Cannabinoids in Cancer Pain Management (2006)

The clinical use of cannabinoids in cancer pain management is reviewed. The endocannabionoid system, cannabinoid receptors, evidence for analgesic effects, other uses in cancer and related issues are discussed.
Exploitation of Interactive Region of Interest Scalability in Scalable Video Coding by Using an XML-driven Adaptation Framework (2008)

Interactive Region Of Interest (IROI) scalability is one of the requirements of the Scalable Video Coding extension of H.264/AVC (SVC). IROI can be used in applications in which the most interesting part of the video pane (in particular, the ROI) cannot be defined during the encoding phase. Therefore, the coded bitstreams have to be created in such a manner that the ROI can be selected on-the-fly at any moment. In this paper, we show how these bitstreams can be generated within the SVC specification by relying on the Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) tool. By using this tool, it is possible to divide a frame in independent decodable tiles or slices. We subsequently explain the extraction process to select the slices belonging to the desired ROI. Furthermore, in this paper, we shift the adaptation process (i.e., the extraction of the ROIs) from the binary domain to the XML domain. This gives us the opportunity to rely on a format-agnostic adaptation engine which only makes use of an XML-based bitstream syntax description and a transformation stylesheet. The use of the MPEG-21 Bitstream Syntax Description Language will be discussed to obtain the XML-based bitstream syntax descriptions. The performance of the different steps in this framework is investigated, in particular, the overhead of coding a bitstream once with and once without the IROI scalability, the generation time of the XML descriptions, the extraction process implemented in Streaming Transformations for XML (STX), the regeneration of the adapted bitstream, and finally the quality and bit rate of the different bitstreams. 1.
Review article: the design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy - an International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement (2011)

The objectives of the round table were met. Robust, defendable guidelines for the conduct of future studies into hepatic encephalopathy have been provided. Outstanding issues are few and will continue to be discussed.
Optical fingerprint identification by binary joint transform correlation (1991)

We describe an optical fingerprint identification system that optically reads a latent fingerprint for correlation using a binary joint transform correlator. The fingerprint is read using the total internal reflection property of a prism. The system was built, tested, and the experimental results are presented.
Co-operative induction of pro-inflammatory signaling by Toll-like receptors (2000)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate detection of a broad range of pathogens and pathogen-derived products including LPS, peptidoglycan, bacterial lipopeptides, and lipoteichoic acid. Recent evidence indicates that the broad specificity of TLRs may be a consequence of the interactions between different TLRs. In this report, we demonstrate that while a constitutively active TLR4 homodimer can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, homodimers of TLR2 and TLR6 cannot. However, when co-expressed in the same cell, constitutively active TLR2 and TLR6 strongly induce cytokine production, indicating that these TLRs require partners to productively signal. Since TLR4 signals as a homodimer, while TLR2 and TLR6 do not, it is clear that, despite the conservation of their cytoplasmic signaling domains, the mechanisms by which they initiate signaling are different. We have localized the region of TLR4 that mediates its ability to signal as a homodimer to the membrane-proximal half of the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor.
The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP Access to Telephone Call Services (2000)

This document contains the specification of the PINT Service Protocol 1.0, which defines a protocol for invoking certain telephone services from an IP network.These services include placing basic calls, sending and receiving faxes, and receiving content over the telephone.The protocol is specified as a set of enhancements and additions to the SIP 2.0 and SDP protocols. Table of Contents
4.2% efficient organic photovoltaic cells with low series resistances (2004)

We demonstrate double-heterostructure copper phthalocyanine/C60 organic photovoltaic cells with series resistances as low as 0.1 Ω cm2. A high fill factor of ∼0.6 is achieved, which is only slightly reduced at very intense illumination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency increases with the incident optical power density, reaching a maximum of (4.2±0.2)% under 4–12 suns simulated AM1.5G illumination. The cell performance is accurately described employing an analysis based on conventional semiconductor p–n junction diodes. The dependence of the series resistance on the device area suggests the dominance of the bulk resistance of the indium-tin-oxide anode as a limiting factor in practical cell efficiencies.
Label-Free Detection of Biomolecular Interactions Using BioLayer Interferometry for Kinetic Characterization (2009)

The analysis of biomolecular interactions is key in the drug development process. Label-free biosensor methods provide information on binding, kinetics, concentration, and the affinity of an interaction. These techniques provide real-time monitoring of interactions between an immobilized ligand (such as a receptor) to an analyte in solution without the use of labels. Advances in biosensor design and detection using BioLayer Interferometry (BLI) provide a simple platform that enables label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions without the use of flow cells. We review the applications of BLI in a wide variety of research and development environments for quantifying antibodies and proteins and measuring kinetics parameters.
High-efficiency inverter for photovoltaic applications (2010)

We introduce a circuit topology and associated control method suitable for high efficiency DC to AC grid-tied power conversion. This approach is well matched to the requirements of module integrated converters for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The topology is based on a series resonant inverter, a high frequency transformer, and a novel half-wave cycloconverter. Zero-voltage switching is used to achieve an average efficiency of 95.9% with promise for exceeding 96.5%. The efficiency is also projected to improve as semiconductor transistor technology develops further. Design and control considerations for the proposed approach are presented, along with experimental results that validate the approach.
C-terminal Deletion of Human Tissue Transglutaminase Enhances Magnesium-dependent GTP/ATPase Activity (1996)

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) exhibits a magnesium-dependent GTP/ATPase activity that is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and cell receptor signaling. The portion of the molecule involved in GTP/ATP hydrolysis is unknown. We expressed and purified a series of C-terminal truncation mutants of human tTG as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins (DeltaS538, DeltaE447, DeltaP345, DeltaC290, DeltaV228, and DeltaF185) to determine the effect on GTP/ATPase activity. The truncation of the C terminus did not change significantly the apparent Km value for either GTP or ATP. In contrast, the Kcat value for GTP was increased by 4.6- and 3-fold for the DeltaS538 and DeltaE447 mutants, respectively. The DeltaP345 mutant had the highest hydrolysis activity with a 34-fold increase. The hydrolysis activity then declined to 8.1-, 8.7-, and 1. 9-fold for the DeltaC290, DeltaV228, and DeltaF185 mutants, respectively. The Kcat for ATP changed in parallel with the GTPase results. Thin layer chromatography analysis of the hydrolysis reaction products revealed that ATP was rapidly converted to ADP followed by a much slower conversion of ADP to AMP when incubated with wild type tTG or the DeltaP345 mutant. There was a substantial decrease in the calcium-dependent TGase activity when the last 149 amino acid residues were deleted from the C terminus. Less than 5% of the TGase activity was detected for the DeltaS538 and DeltaE447 mutants. In conclusion, we have located the ATP and GTP hydrolytic domain to amino acid residues 1-185. The C terminus functions to inhibit the expression of endogenous GTP/ATPase activity of tTG, and the potential role of the C terminus in modulating this activity is discussed.
The Vesosome - A Multicompartment Drug Delivery Vehicle (2004)

Assembling structures to divide space controllably and spontaneously into subunits at the nanometer scale is a significant challenge, although one that biology has solved in two distinct ways: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have a single compartment delimited by one or more lipid-protein membranes. Eukaryotes have nested-membrane structures that provide internal compartments--such as the cell nucleus and cell organelles in which specialized functions are carried out. We have developed a simple method of creating nested bilayer compartments in vitro via the "interdigitated" bilayer phase formed by adding ethanol to a variety of saturated phospholipids. At temperatures below the gel-liquid crystalline transition, T(m), the interdigitated lipid-ethanol sheets are rigid and flat; when the temperature is raised above T(m), the sheets become flexible and close on themselves and the surrounding solution to form closed compartments. During this closure, the sheets can entrap other vesicles, biological macromolecules, or colloidal particles. The result is efficient and spontaneous encapsulation without disruption of even fragile materials to form biomimetic nano-environments for possible use in drug delivery, colloidal stabilization, or as microreactors. The vesosome structure can take full advantage of the 40 years of progress in liposome development including steric stabilization, pH loading of drugs, and intrinsic biocompatibility. However, the multiple compartments of the vesosome give better protection to the interior contents in serum, leading to extended release of model compounds in comparison to unilamellar liposomes.