gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic antiviral effects of ribavirin and the C-nucleoside analogs tiazofurin and selenazofurin against togaviruses, bunyaviruses, and arenaviruses (1984)

Binary combinations of the N-nucleoside ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) and the C-nucleoside analog selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) or tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) were tested in vitro for activity against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Korean hemorrhagic fever, and Pichinde viruses. The 50% effective dose for each compound alone or in a series of combinations was determined with a plaque reduction assay. Combinations of ribavirin and selenazofurin were synergistic against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Pichinde viruses, with fractional inhibitory concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, respectively, but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever viruses. Combinations of ribavirin and tiazofurin were synergistic against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis (fractional inhibitory concentrations, 0.41 and 0.48, respectively) but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever virus. Combinations of selenazofurin and tiazofurin had additive effects against Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Korean hemorrhagic fever viruses. The effect of combinations on cell toxicity was additive, both in monolayers of nondividing cells incubated under agar for the same period as the plaque assay and for rapidly dividing cells given short-term exposure (4 h), followed by determination of the proportion of surviving cells with a colony forming assay.
IL-1β production by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: relevance to systemic vasculitis (1996)

Neutrophils accumulate in the acute blood vessel lesions of patients with autoimmune systemic vasculitis. They have been shown previously to produce the cytokine IL-1 beta in response to stimulation with TNF. This study demonstrates that neutrophils can be stimulated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), which are present in patients with systemic vasculitis, to express mRNA and protein for IL-1 beta. Both human ANCA and MoAbs to a variety of autoantigens recognized by ANCA, including proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein and elastase, are effective. This response can be inhibited by actinomycin and cycloheximide, suggesting a requirement for de novo protein synthesis. IL-1 beta production can be inhibited by pooled human intravenous immunoglobulins but not by FK506 or cyclosporin A. These data suggest that ANCA in patients with active vasculitis may stimulate neutrophils to produce cytokines. It is hypothesized that cytokine production from neutrophils that accumulate in significant numbers in vasculitic lesions contribute to and augment the local inflammatory response by the activation of vascular endothelial cells and infiltrating leucocytes.
New Low-Gap Polymers from 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene-Bis-Substituted Electron-Poor Thiophenes. The Roles of Thiophene, Donor−Acceptor Alternation, and Copolymerization in Intrinsic Conductivity (2004)

New low-gap thiophene-based regular copolymers are produced by anodic coupling of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-substituted thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP), cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b‘]dithiophen-4-one (CO), and 4-dicyanomethylene-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b‘]dithiophene (CN). The copolymers are characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FTIR reflection−absorption and UV−vis spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance analysis, and in situ p- and n-conductivity measurement. The copolymers show low optical gaps (measured at the maximum absorption) and electrochemical gaps (measured from redox potentials) in the range 0.8−1.3 eV. The CN-based polymer displays the lowest reported electrochemical gap (0.8 V). Random copolymers of CO and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDT) have also been produced and compared with the relevant regular copolymer. Copolymerization of CO with increasing amounts of EDT decreases the gap. From an analysis of redox potential as a function of EDT fraction, it is found that the gap is limited by the redox potentials of the individual homopolymers. Localization of n-doping carriers in the polythiophene chains is progressively increased by donor−acceptor alternation and then by copolymerization till the expected intrinsic conductivity is made completely p-type.
A diagnostic network for massively parallel processing systems (2002)

Massively parallel processing systems consist of a large number of processing nodes to provide high performance primarily for data-intensive applications. In a system of such dimensions high availability cannot be achieved without relying on redundancy and reconfiguration. An important aspect of highly available design is rapid diagnosis and graceful degradation in the event of a failure. This paper presents a diagnostic network for locating faults in massively parallel processing systems comprised of identical processing nodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Some Observations Relating to Acyl Mobility in Aminoacyl Soluble Ribonucleic Acids* (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Observations Relating to Acyl Mobility in Aminoacyl Soluble Ribonucleic Acids*B. E. Griffin, M. Jarman, C. B. Reese, J. E. Sulston, and D. R. TrenthamCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 11, 3638–3649Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00875a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
PRLTS Gene Alterations in Human Prostate Cancer (1997)

Since loss of heterozygosity on 8p22-p21.3 has been found frequently in prostate cancer, the status of a candidate tumor suppressor gene named PRLTS gene, recently cloned from the same region in some human malignancies, was examined in the present study. DNAs were isolated from 69 Japanese prostate cancer patients (37 localized and 32 cancer-death cases). Loss of heterozygosity at this gene locus was observed in 15 of 36 (42%) localized prostate cancer patients and 22 of 32 (69%) cancer-death patients. One cancer-death patient had a missense mutation, ACG-->ATG (Thr-->Met) at codon 64 in metastatic tumor tissues of pelvic lymph node and liver, and these tissues showed loss of the homologous allele, indicating that "two-hit" mutation of the PRLTS gene had occurred in this case. The others did not show any mutation, regardless of the presence or absence of loss of heterozygosity. Although loss of heterozygosity at the PRLTS gene locus is a relatively common abnormality, mutation of this gene is rare in prostate cancer.
Characterization of the Optimal Stimulatory Effects of Graves’ Monoclonal and Serum Immunoglobulin G on Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Production in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells: A Potential Clinical Assay (1983)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations derived from the sera of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease (TSAb) as well as a monoclonal IgG derived from heterohybridoma fusions of Graves' lymphocytes augmented cAMP levels in a continuous strain of functioning rat thyroid cells (clone FRTL-5) in culture. Optimal stimulation was the same for both types of IgG preparations when measured after 2 h of incubation with 5 X 10(4) cells/well and using cells maintained in a nongrowth, TSH-deficient medium for 7 days. At low IgG concentrations, the stimulatory activities of both preparations exhibited a linear dependence on concentration and similar Ka values (approximately 4 X 10(-8) M) despite the fact that 65% of the Graves' serum IgG preparations had a significantly better ability to inhibit TSH binding to membrane preparations. The Ka value for TSH in the same assay was about 5 X 10(-12) M. Using this cell assay, 90% of a series of hyperthyroid Graves' IgG preparations exhibited stimulating activity, a value comparable to the frequency of positive results found by ourselves and others using human thyroid cell and slice systems. In contrast, only 10% of patients who were euthyroid 1 yr after antithyroid drug withdrawal (n = 21) exhibited stimulating activity, and no stimulating activity was detected in patients with nontoxic nodular goiter (n = 11), toxic adenoma (n = 5), or thyroid carcinoma (n = 6). The studies suggest that an optimized rat FRTL-5 thyroid cell system is a clinically useful and convenient alternative to human thyroid cell and slice systems for detecting TSAbs.
The New York Times book of genetics (2002)

research is one of the most fast-changing and provocative subjects in science today. This volume presents a collection of journalism on genetics from The New York Times. Nicholas Wade, Natalie Angier, Gina Kolata, and other Times writers seek to serve as translators and interpreters of the developments from laboratories, and to convert perplexing breakthroughs into a journey to new frontiers. There are over 40 articles arranged into chapters which cover: Genetics as History - with articles on how the study of genes has helped decode the events of long ago; Discovering Human - featuring the discovery of the gene that triggers Huntington's disease; The New Science of Genomics - reporting on the race among labs around the world to be the first to decode the human genome; The Architecture of DNA - including coverage of the achievement of cloning - first of Dolly the sheep, then mice; Building an Organism - revealing how embryos become the creatures they are destined to be; and Genes and Disease - which observes the cutting-edge research on the roles that genes play in cancer and its treatment.
Major Morbidity and Mortality Rates in Craniofacial Surgery: An Analysis of 8101 Major Procedures (2010)

The incidence rates for serious morbidities and mortalities among major craniofacial procedures have significantly fallen since first published. On the basis of these analyses, the authors believe that a greater focus on protocols for airway management, blood salvage and replacement, age-appropriate deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, and timing of subcranial midfacial advancements might result in further reductions in craniofacial mortality rates.
Triple‐Helix Formation of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing [(3′S,5′R)‐2′‐Deoxy‐3′,5′‐ethano‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl]nucleosides (“Bicyclo‐deoxynucleosides”) (1995)

An enhanced preference for complexing to an RNA complement on the Hoogsteen side of the nucleobase is the consequence of the sugar modification in oligonucleotides of bicyclodeoxyguanosine 3. Furthermore, oligonucleotides containing bicyclothymidine 1 and bicyclodeoxycytidine 2 provide evidence of specific differences in the preferred sugar conformation of the nucleosides in the third strand in DNA triple helices.
Modification of margarine fats by enzymatic interesterification: Evaluation of a solid‐fat‐content‐based exponential model with two groups of oil blends (2004)

Abstract Lipozyme TL IM‐catalyzed interesterification for the modification of margarine fats was carried out in a batch reactor at 70°C with a lipase dosage of 4%. Solid fat content (SFC) was used to monitor the reaction progress. Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification, which led to changes in the SFC, was assumed to be a first‐order reversible reaction. Accordingly, the change in SFC vs. reaction time was described by an exponential model. The model contained three parameters, each with a particular physical or chemical meaning: (i) the initial SFC (SFC 0 ), (ii) the change in SFC (ΔSFC) from the initial to the equilibrium state, and (iii) the reaction rate constant value ( k ). SFC o and ΔSFC were related to only the types of blends and the blend ratios. The rate constant k was related to lipase activity on a given oil blend. Evaluation of the model was carried out with two groups of oil blends, i.e., palm stearin/coconut oil in weight ratios of 90∶10, 80∶20, and 70∶30, and soybean oil/fully hydrogenated soybean oil in weight ratios of 80∶20, 65∶35, and 50∶50. Correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 between the experimental and predicted values were observed for SFC at temperatures above 30°C. The model is useful for predicting changes in the SFC during lipase‐catalyzed interesterification with a selected group of oil blends. It also can be used to control the process when particular SFC values are targeted.
LncRNA MALAT1 promotes development of mantle cell lymphoma by associating with EZH2 (2016)

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with variable treatment responses. There is an urgent need to identify novel markers with prognostic and therapeutic value for MCL. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in cancers, including MCL. Metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1), a lncRNA located at pathognomonic translocation site of t (11; 14) of MCL. MALAT1 is known to be overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, the pathological role and clinical relevance of MALAT1 in MCL are not completely understood.
Does fitness level modulate the cardiovascular hemodynamic response to exercise? (2006)

Subjects with greater aerobic fitness demonstrate better diastolic compliance at rest, but whether fitness modulates exercise cardiac compliance and cardiac filling pressures remains to be determined. On the basis of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), healthy male subjects were categorized into either low (LO: VO2max=43+/-6 ml.kg-1.min-1; n=3) or high (HI: VO2max=60+/-3 ml.kg-1.min-1; n=5) aerobic power. Subjects performed incremental cycle exercise to 90% Vo(2max). Right atrial (RAP) and pulmonary artery wedge (PAWP) pressures were measured, and left ventricular (LV) transmural filling pressure (TMFP=PAWP-RAP) was calculated. Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were determined by direct Fick, and LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was estimated from echocardiographic fractional area change and Fick SV. There were no between-group differences for any measure at rest. At a submaximal workload of 150 W, PAWP and TMFP were higher (P<0.05) in LO compared with HI (12 vs. 8 mmHg, and 9 vs. 4 mmHg, respectively). At peak exercise, CO, SV, and EDV were lower in LO (P<0.05). RAP was not different at peak exercise, but PAWP (23 vs. 15 mmHg) and TMFP (12 vs. 6 mmHg) were higher in LO (P<0.05). Compared with less fit subjects, subjects with greater aerobic fitness demonstrated lower LV filling pressures during exercise, whereas SV and EDV were either similar (submaximal exercise) or higher (peak exercise), suggesting superior diastolic function and compliance.
Femtosecond laser micromachining of fused silica molds (2010)

The use of low-energy femtosecond laser beam combined with chemical etching has been proven to be an efficient method to fabricate three-dimensional structures in fused silica. For high-volume application, this technology--like other serial processes--suffers from a moderate production rate. Here, we show that femtosecond laser can also be employed to fabricate silica molds and other patterned surfaces, including surfaces with high aspect ratio features (> 10). Through appropriate tailoring of silica's surface property and subsequent creation of, for instance, simple elastomeric molding, new opportunities for the indirect 3D, multi-scale spatial characterization of deep laser-fabricated microstructures come along. We demonstrate that those moldings are characterized by a high fidelity (down to the nanometer scale) to the silica mold. These results further advance the applicability of femtosecond laser processing to glass.
Plexin-B1 Utilizes RhoA and Rho Kinase to Promote the Integrin-dependent Activation of Akt and ERK and Endothelial Cell Motility (2007)

The semaphorins are a family of proteins originally identified as axon-guiding molecules in the developing nervous system that have been recently shown to regulate many cellular functions, including motility, in a variety of cell types. We have previously shown that in endothelial cells Semaphorin 4D acts through its receptor, Plexin-B1, to elicit a pro-angiogenic phenotype that involves the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. Here we show through the use of a receptor chimeric approach, Plexin-B1 mutants, and dominant negative and pharmacological inhibitors that this response is dependent upon the activation of RhoA and its downstream target, Rho kinase (ROK). Indeed, we demonstrate that in endothelial cells, Semaphorin 4D promotes the formation of focal adhesion complexes, stress fibers, and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain, a response that was abolished by the use of ROK inhibitors and absent from cells expressing Plexin-B1 mutant constructs incapable of signaling to RhoA. Stress fiber polymerization and contraction are in turn necessary for RhoA-dependent pro-angiogenic signaling through Plexin-B1. Furthermore, we observed that in endothelial cells Plexin-B1 promotes the integrin-mediated activation of Pyk2, resulting in the stimulation of PI3K, Akt, and ERK. These findings provide evidence that Plexin-B1 promotes endothelial cell motility through RhoA and ROK by regulating the integrin-dependent signaling networks that result in the activation of PI3K and Akt.
Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts (2015)

The application of external stimuli such as light to induce controlled radical polymerization reactions has important implications in the field of materials science. In this study, the photoactivation of trithiocarbonates (TTCs) (i.e., conventional RAFT agents) by visible light (∼460 nm) is investigated, and the ability of TTCs to control radical polymerization under visible light in the complete absence of exogenous photoinitiators or catalysts is demonstrated for the first time. By selectively exciting the spin-forbidden n → π* electronic transition, polyacrylates and polyacrylamides of low dispersity and high end group fidelity were obtained. In addition, this approach allows for the efficient synthesis of well-defined linear, (multi)block, and network (co)polymers. This study demonstrates the versatility of our strategy to generate polymers with controllable properties by visible light, which may be highly useful for applications such as surface patterning.
Purification and Characterization of 4-Chlorobenzoyl CoA Dehalogenase from Arthrobacter sp. Strain 4-CB1 (1994)

4-Chlorobenzoyl coenzyme A dehalogenase was purified to homogeneity from Arthrobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 (previously known as Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1), a bacterium isolated from PCB-contaminated soil. Purification was accomplished by four chromatographic steps, including a novel affinity chromatography step. 4-Chlorobenzoyl CoA dehalogenase is a homotetramer of 33-kDa subunits with an isoelectric point of 6.1. The enzyme is stable between pH 6.5 and 10. The optimum pH for kcat is pH 8. The enzyme is able to dehalogenate substrates bearing fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine in the 4-position, although the rate of dehalogenation of 4-fluorobenzoyl CoA is quite slow. The enzyme is specific for dehalogenation at the 4-position, as 3-chloro- and 2-chlorobenzoyl CoA are not dehalogenated. The N-terminal sequence of the Arthrobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 dehalogenase is almost identical to that of the 4-chlorobenzoyl CoA dehalogenase from Arthrobacter sp. strain SU and shows 30% identity to that from Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS-3.
An Efficient Enantioselective Fluorination of Various β-Ketoesters Catalyzed by Chiral Palladium Complexes (2002)

Reflecting the importance of fluorinated organic compounds in medicinal chemistry, development of an efficient method for catalytic enantioselective fluorination is increasingly desirable. Using a novel palladium complex 2 (1-2.5 mol %), various beta-ketoesters including cyclic and acyclic substrates were fluorinated with excellent enantioselectivity in the range of 83-94% ee. It is environmentally advantageous that this reaction proceeds well in solvents such as EtOH, rather than usual organic solvents. Furthermore, the product was successfully tranformed into both alpha-fluoro beta-hydroxy and beta-amino acid derivatives, which should be extremely useful in developing novel drugs.
A potentially scalable method for the harvesting of hMSCs from microcarriers (2014)

The use of hMSCs for allogeneic therapies requiring lot sizes of billions of cells will necessitate large-scale culture techniques such as the expansion of cells on microcarriers in bioreactors. Whilst much research investigating hMSC culture on microcarriers has focused on growth, much less involves their harvesting for passaging or as a step towards cryopreservation and storage. A successful new harvesting method has recently been outlined for cells grown on SoloHill microcarriers in a 5 L bioreactor [1]. Here, this new method is set out in detail, harvesting being defined as a two-step process involving cell ‘detachment’ from the microcarriers’ surface followed by the ‘separation’ of the two entities. The new detachment method is based on theoretical concepts originally developed for secondary nucleation due to agitation. Based on this theory, it is suggested that a short period (here 7 min) of intense agitation in the presence of a suitable enzyme should detach the cells from the relatively large microcarriers. In addition, once detached, the cells should not be damaged because they are smaller than the Kolmogorov microscale. Detachment was then successfully achieved for hMSCs from two different donors using microcarrier/cell suspensions up to 100 mL in a spinner flask. In both cases, harvesting was completed by separating cells from microcarriers using a Steriflip® vacuum filter. The overall harvesting efficiency was >95% and after harvesting, the cells maintained all the attributes expected of hMSC cells. The underlying theoretical concepts suggest that the method is scalable and this aspect is discussed too.
Radioimmunotherapy of small-volume disease of metastatic colorectal cancer (2002)

These data suggest that RIT is a safe and effective form of therapy for small-volume colorectal cancer and has potential as treatment for colorectal cancer in an adjuvant setting. Toxicity is restricted to mild and transient leuko- and thrombocytopenia. Retreatment seems to be a feasible option. A prospective randomized comparison with standard chemotherapy is indicated.