gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xcert Software, Inc. (1999)

Xcert's business is in developing Internet and Intranet security enhancement technology. Xcert was founded in April 1996 by Andrew Csinger and Pat Richard and was headquartered in Vancouver, Canada. Xcert's solution to Internet security was a public key infrastructure (PKI). PKI is a system of digital certificates, certificate authorities (CAs) and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet transaction. Xcert's PKI technology allows organizations of any size to issue digital certificates to their members. These organizations become their own CA and are empowered to issue digital certificates to their individual client base. This case study is about a start-up company that is in transition from a dream stage to a reality stage. One of the issues that surfaces in the case study is intraindustry competition. Despite being an early entrant into the Internet security business, Xcert faced brutal competition from companies such as Entrust, Nortel, VeriSign and Netscape. The problems facing the company include (1) finances, (2) future direction and leadership, (3) structure, experience and size and (4) marketing. This is a very rich case study with a number of interrelated issues. The case serves two teaching aims. Firstly, this case allows students to confront and discuss real-life issues facing a start-up information technology (IT) company. The students analysing the case are asked to provide alternatives and solutions to the problems by putting themselves in the positions of the founders of the company. Students should come to understand the difficulty in managing a start-up company and the various trade-offs the management needs to make. Secondly, the case study introduces various Internet security concepts to students.
Stereo- and regioselective palladium-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereo- and regioselective palladium-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienesJan E. Baeckvall, Styrbjoern E. Bystroem, and Ruth E. NordbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 24, 4619–4631Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00198a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00198a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3619Altmetric-Citations278LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacophore Analysis of the Nuclear Oxysterol Receptor LXRα (2001)

A cell-free assay was developed for the orphan nuclear receptor LXRalpha that measures the ligand-dependent recruitment of a peptide from the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) to the nuclear receptor. Using this ligand-sensing assay (LiSA), the structural requirements for activation of the receptor by oxysterols and related compounds were studied. The minimal pharmacophore for receptor activation was shown to be a sterol with a hydrogen bond acceptor at C24. 24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol (1), which meets this criterion, is among the most efficacious of the oxysterols and is an attractive candidate as the LXRalpha natural hormone. Cholenic acid dimethylamide (14) showed increased efficacy compared to 1, whereas the unnatural oxysterol 22(S)-hydroxycholesterol (4) was shown to be an antagonist of 1 in the LiSA. The structural requirements for SRC1 recruitment in the LiSA correlated with the transcriptional activity of compounds in a cell-based reporter assay employing LXRalpha-GAL4 chimeric receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Trp(443) as an amino acid critical for activation of LXRalpha by oxysterol ligands. This information was combined with the structure-activity relationship developed from the LiSA to develop a 3D homology model of LXRalpha. This model may aid the design of synthetic drugs targeted at this transcriptional regulator of cholesterol homeostasis.
Expansion hysteresis upon thermal cycling of Zerodur (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Stephen F. Jacobs, Steve C. Johnston, and Glenn A. Hansen, "Expansion hysteresis upon thermal cycling of Zerodur," Appl. Opt. 23, 3014-3016 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Synthesis of Proteins (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Latrepirdine, a potential novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea. (2010)

Latrepirdine (Dimebon) is a small-molecule compound under development by Medivation Inc and Pfizer Inc for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea. Originally developed and marketed as an antihistamine in Russia, latrepirdine has since demonstrated potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Early research suggested that the mechanism of action was centered on AChE inhibition and NMDA antagonism. More recent research questions these early findings, and other mechanisms of action have been proposed and investigated. In phase II clinical trials, latrepirdine demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea. At the time of publication, phase III clinical trials had been initiated. Given the robustness of the phase II clinical data, latrepirdine has a high likelihood of success in phase III trials and in subsequently being granted regulatory approval.
A New and Convenient Synthesis of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 and Its 24R-Epimer (1989)

Abstract 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1a) was synthesized by irradiation and subsequent thermal isomerization of (22E)-5,7,22-ergostatriene-1α,3β,25-triol (16a). The triol 16a was obtained via 22-oxo-5α,8α-(4-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidine-1,2-diyl)-23,24-dinor-6-cholene-1α,3β-diyl diacetate (12) starting from (22E)-5,7,22-ergostatriene-1α,3β-diyl diacetate (10), a precursor of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D2. Introduction of the new side chain with the desired stereochemistry was carried out selectively by the reductive elimination of the β-hydroxy sulfone derived from the C-22 aldehyde (12) and an optically active sulfone, prepared via (S)-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol from methyl (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate. Similarly a C-24 epimer of 1a was synthesized.
Current Issues and Future Directions of Oncolytic Adenoviruses (2009)

Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) constitute a promising new class of anticancer agent. They are based on the well-studied adenoviral vector system, which lends itself to concept-driven design to generate oncolytic variants. The first oncolytic Ad was approved as a drug in China in 2005, although clinical efficacy observed in human trials has failed to reach the high expectations that were based on studies in animal models. Current obstacles to the full realization of efficacy of this class of anticancer agent include (i) limited efficiency of infection and specific replication in tumor cells, (ii) limited vector spread within the tumor, (iii) imperfect animal models and methods of in vivo imaging, and (iv) an incomplete understanding of the interaction of these agents with the host. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of oncolytic Ads and potential ways to overcome current obstacles to their clinical application and efficacy.
Novel G Proteins, Rag C and Rag D, Interact with GTP-binding Proteins, Rag A and Rag B (2001)

Rag A/Gtr1p are G proteins and are known to be involved in the RCC1-Ran pathway. We employed the two-hybrid method using Rag A as the bait to identify proteins binding to Rag A, and we isolated two novel human G proteins, Rag C and Rag D. Rag C demonstrates homology with Rag D (81.1% identity) and with Gtr2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (46.1% identity), and it belongs to the Rag A subfamily of the Ras family. Rag C and Rag D contain conserved GTP-binding motifs (PM-1, -2, and -3) in their N-terminal regions. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein of Rag C efficiently bound to both [(3)H]GTP and [(3)H]GDP. Rag A was associated with both Rag C and Rag D in their C-terminal regions where a potential leucine zipper motif and a coiled-coil structure were found. Rag C and D were associated with both the GDP and GTP forms of Rag A. Both Rag C and Rag D changed their subcellular localization, depending on the nucleotide-bound state of Rag A. In a similar way, the disruption of S. cerevisiae GTR1 resulted in a change in the localization of Gtr2p.
Bovine Exome Sequence Analysis and Targeted SNP Genotyping of Recessive Fertility Defects BH1, HH2, and HH3 Reveal a Putative Causative Mutation in SMC2 for HH3 (2014)

The recent discovery of bovine haplotypes with negative effects on fertility in the Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey breeds has allowed producers to identify carrier animals using commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. This study was devised to identify the causative mutations underlying defective bovine embryo development contained within three of these haplotypes (Brown Swiss haplotype 1 and Holstein haplotypes 2 and 3) by combining exome capture with next generation sequencing. Of the 68,476,640 sequence variations (SV) identified, only 1,311 genome-wide SNP were concordant with the haplotype status of 21 sequenced carriers. Validation genotyping of 36 candidate SNP identified only 1 variant that was concordant to Holstein haplotype 3 (HH3), while no variants located within the refined intervals for HH2 or BH1 were concordant. The variant strictly associated with HH3 is a non-synonymous SNP (T/C) within exon 24 of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 2 (SMC2) on Chromosome 8 at position 95,410,507 (UMD3.1). This polymorphism changes amino acid 1135 from phenylalanine to serine and causes a non-neutral, non-tolerated, and evolutionarily unlikely substitution within the NTPase domain of the encoded protein. Because only exome capture sequencing was used, we could not rule out the possibility that the true causative mutation for HH3 might lie in a non-exonic genomic location. Given the essential role of SMC2 in DNA repair, chromosome condensation and segregation during cell division, our findings strongly support the non-synonymous SNP (T/C) in SMC2 as the likely causative mutation. The absence of concordant variations for HH2 or BH1 suggests either the underlying causative mutations lie within a non-exomic region or in exome regions not covered by the capture array.
Metaphors in the News-Introduction (2000)

This special section of Metaphor and Symbol deals with metaphors in the news. Metaphor is an essential part of the way we deal with novel and current events. The 4 articles presented here discuss the use and misuse of metaphors in war reporting, recent developments in cloning and genetic modification of foods, and problems in educational funding and propose new ways of looking at metaphors structuring communication about what is novel.
The Underground Press in Grand Rapids: The Root (2014)

In the midst of the socially turbulent 1960s, the underground press movement in America sought to restore journalism and report on issues that the rising youth and New Left believed were important. Many believed these newspapers were subversive because of the content and goals of their publications, which drove their creators "underground". Despite the political and social conservatism of West Michigan, the Grand Rapids area was not exempt from the underground press movement. Several underground newspapers, discovered in the Grand Rapids Public Library's archives, provide an account of the local contribution to this national context, specifically in The Root.
Expression of DNA Coding for Diphtheria Toxin Chain A Is Toxic to Plant Cells (1991)

DNA coding for the enzymatically active subunit A of diphtheria toxin was placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the Agrobacterium left transfer-DNA gene 7 polyadenylation signal. Agrobacteria carrying a binary plant vector with the chimeric diphtheria toxin A gene had very low transforming activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and greatly diminished the recovery of stable transformants when mixed together with agrobacteria which alone transformed plant cells well. The introduction of this chimeric molecule into tobacco cells by electroporation lowered the level of the transient expression of the coelectroporated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene indicating that expression of diphtheria toxin chain A in plant cells is toxic. We have developed a binary vector pGA987 which can be used for probing a variety of plant promoters.
Low-loss single-mode guidance in large-core antiresonant hollow-core fibers (2015)

We present an approach how to combine large-mode field diameters with effective single-mode guidance in a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber. We demonstrate experimentally and in simulations that single-mode guidance is achieved in a simplified hollow-core fiber design with a core diameter of 30 μm by shifting the effective indices of the first cladding modes close to those of higher order core modes. Our fiber shows low loss propagation and effective single-mode operation from the near infrared to deep ultraviolet wavelengths down to 270 nm on a loss level of approximately 3 dB/m.
Multichannel transmission of a multicore fiber coupled with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1999)

A two-channel simultaneous transmission is experimented using direct coupling between a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array and a novel 2/spl times/2 core optical fiber. No crosstalk is observed. Coupling efficiency and mechanical tolerance are good enough to envisage system applications.
Correction of glucocerebrosidase deficiency after retroviral-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with Gaucher disease. (1990)

Retroviral gene transfer has been used successfully to correct the glucocerebrosidase (GCase) deficiency in primary hematopoietic cells from patients with Gaucher disease. For this model of somatic gene therapy, we developed a high-titer, amphotropic retroviral vector designated NTG in which the human GCase gene was driven by the mutant polyoma virus enhancer/herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter (Py+/Htk). NTG normalized GCase activity in transduced Gaucher fibroblasts and efficiently infected human monocytic and erythroleukemic cell lines. RNA blot-hybridization (Northern blot) analysis of these hematopoietic cell lines showed unexpectedly high-level expression from the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat (Mo-MLV LTR) and levels of Py+/Htk enhancer/promoter-initiated human GCase RNA that approximated endogenous GCase RNA levels. Furthermore, NTG efficiently infected human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Detection (by means of the polymerase chain reaction) of the provirus in approximately one-third of NTG-infected progenitor colonies that had not been selected in G418-containing medium indicates that relative resistance to G418 underestimated the actual gene transfer efficiency. Northern blot analysis of NTG-infected, progenitor-derived cells showed expression from both the Mo-MLV LTR and the Py+/Htk enhancer/promoter. NTG-transduced hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with Gaucher disease generated progeny in which GCase activity had been normalized.
Feature selection for neural network recognition (1991)

Presents a system designed to help in the development of image recognition applications, using a general neural-network classifier and an algorithm for selecting effective image features given a small number of samples. Input to the system consists of a number of primitive image features computed directly from pixel values. The feature selection subsystem generates an image recognition feature vector by operations on the primitive features. It uses a combination of rule-based techniques and statistical heuristics to select the best features. The authors propose a quality statistic function which is based on sample values for each primitive feature. The parameters of this function were decided, and the authors experimented on several different target image groups using this function. Recognition rates were perfect in each case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enamel remineralization: controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? (2009)

The emphasis currently given to new technologies for enamel remineralization suggests that the changes in the understanding of the dental caries disease, which occurred in the last century, were either not yet adopted or were forgotten. Just like in the past, when the disease was "treated" by restoring cavities, there is presently a misunderstanding on the concept of incipient lesion remineralization. The aim of this paper was to review some concepts about caries, the natural phenomenon of enamel remineralization and the effect of fluoride (F) on it, and also to discuss the clinical relevance of remineralizing products recently launched in the marketplace aiming to "treat early caries lesions".
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Elevated in Cystic Fibrosis and Decreases with Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation (2000)

Chronic bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation characterize cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. In many disorders, inflammation and angiogenesis are codependent phenomena. We previously noted excessive angiogenesis in CF tissues and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in random serum samples from subjects with CF. To further explore this finding, we measured serum VEGF in 38 subjects with stable CF and in 25 subjects with other pulmonary diseases. Mean VEGF was elevated in both groups compared with reference values, but it was higher in CF: 403 +/- 280 versus 255 +/- 169 pg/ml, p = 0.02. VEGF was negatively correlated with FEV(1) in CF, r = -0.51, p = 0.007. To assess the effect of airway infection on VEGF, 10 subjects with CF were studied before and after intravenous antibiotic therapy for pulmonary exacerbation. VEGF levels decreased with antibiotic therapy, from 537 +/- 220 to 259 +/- 176 pg/ml, p = 0.001. We conclude that circulating VEGF is increased in subjects with CF and other inflammatory pulmonary disorders. In CF, VEGF elevation is related to airway infection. We speculate that increased circulating VEGF is related to chronic inflammation, which is robust in CF. Elevated circulating VEGF may result in tissue angiogenesis, furthering the progression of pulmonary disease.
Autostereoscopic Properties of Spherical Panoramic Virtual Displays (1999)

Abstract A spherical panoramic virtual display is a wide field of view display based on a unique optical system and projector technology. The display has an autostereoscopic mode of operation which provides a high contrast ratio stereo image. The effects of head motion and field of view are discussed.
Nonrandom binary superimposed codes (1964)

A binary superimposed code consists of a set of code words whose digit-by-digit Boolean sums <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1 + 1 = 1)</tex> enjoy a prescribed level of distinguishability. These codes find their main application in the representation of document attributes within an information retrieval system, but might also be used as a basis for channel assignments to relieve congestion in crowded communications bands. In this paper some basic properties of nonrandom codes of this family are presented, and formulas and bounds relating the principal code parameters are derived. Finally, there are described several such code families based upon (1) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> -nary conventional error-correcting codes, (2) combinatorial arrangements, such as block designs and Latin squares, (3) a graphical construction, and (4) the parity-check matrices of standard binary error-correcting codes.
Methanation of Carbon Dioxide: Experimental research of separation enhanced methanation of CO2 (2017)

The ever growing use of renewable sources of energy led to a need for energy storage. Mainly due to the intermittency nature of applications like solar and wind. In addition, the need for regulation of the greenhouse gases led to the development of carbon capture and storage applications. Thus, the combination of those two factors accelerated the production of renewable fuels (called also solar fuels). Renewable fuels is a power-to-x solution of storing the surplus electric energy produced from renewable sources, via multiple steps processes. Hence, solar fuels can contribute immensely in a lorg-term, large-scale energy storage solution. Those fuels are synthetic hydrocarbon that derive from hydrogen (produced from renewables) and the CO2 captured. Some possible fuels are methanol, methane and liquid hydrocarbons. Amongst, those, methane is the most promising solution. It can be synthesized with a single reaction, it has high energy density and can be easily distributed. The methanation of CO2 is an exothermic catalytic reaction and takes place in multiple fixed bed reactors in row. In order for this renewable methane to be used as SNG, high purity levels are required. Hence, novel techniques are researched to achieve the necessary purity of methane in fewer process steps. The present study focuses on one of those techniques called separation enhanced methanation of CO2. The principle behind this technique is the removal, in situ, of the vapor produced by the reaction, to increase the conversion of reactants. This topic is approached experimentally. A fixed bed reactor built in house is used for the experiments. For the hydrogenation ofCO2 a nickel catalyst is used, coupled with two different zeolites (3A and 4A) for the adsorption ofwater vapor. Initially, the pure catalyst’s performance was tested. Subsequently, the combinations of catalyst-zeolites (physical mixture) followed to determine the enhancement of the process. Two GHSV were applied in the experiments, for different temperatures in the range of 200±C-360±C. Also, different combinations of catalyst-zeolite 4A were deployed, regarding the size of the catalyst particles. Fromthe results, it was concluded that the proximity of the catalytic sites to the zeolites surface plays the most dominant role in the performance of the process. This proximity is linked to the average particle size and the uniformity of the bed. The highest conversion rates were achieved in the range of 260±C to 280±C, with values of up to 98,5% of conversion.