gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of carbonic anhydrase II with acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, leads to decreased enzyme activity (2008)

The acetaldehyde-derived modifications in CA II molecule may have physiological consequences in alcoholic patients.
Cryobiology of Rat Embryos I: Determination of Zygote Membrane Permeability Coefficients for Water and Cryoprotectants, Their Activation Energies, and the Development of Improved Cryopreservation Methods1 (2000)

New rat models are being developed at an exponential rate, making improved methods to cryopreserve rat embryos extremely important. However, cryopreservation of rat embryos has proven to be difficult and expensive. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to characterize the fundamental cryobiology of rat fertilized 1-cell embryos (zygotes) and to investigate the effects of different cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and two different plunging temperatures (T(p)) on post-thaw survival of embryos from three genetic backgrounds. In the initial experiments, information on the fundamental cryobiology of rat zygotes was determined, including 1) the hydraulic conductivity in the presence of CPAs (L(p)), 2) the cryoprotectant permeability (P(CPA)), 3) the reflection coefficient (sigma), and 4) the activation energies for these parameters. P(CPA) values were determined for the CPAs, ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and propylene glycol (PG). Using this information, a cryopreservation method was developed and the cryosurvival and fetal development of Sprague-Dawley zygotes cryopreserved in either EG, DMSO, or PG and plunged at either -30 or -80 degrees C, were assessed. The highest fetal developmental rates were obtained using a T(p) of -30 degrees C and EG (61.2% +/- 2.4%), which was not different (P > 0.05) from nonfrozen control zygotes (54.6% +/- 3.0%).
trans-Cycloalkenes. Part III. Stereochemistry and mechanism of some reactions of diastereoisomeric 3-substituted trans-cyclo-octenes (1971)

Three types of process are described: (i) the stereospecific addition of acetic acid to (1RS,2RS)-trans-cyclo-oct-2-enyl acetate to give cis-cyclo-octane-1,3-diol diacetate, (ii) the reaction of (1RS,2RS)- and (1SR,2RS)-trans-cyclo-oct-2-enyl methyl ethers with n-butyl-lithium to give (1RS,3RS)-3-butyl-trans-cyclo-oct-1-ene and 3-butyl-cis-cyclo-oct-1-ene, respectively, and (iii) the thermal interconversion of the diastereoisomeric acetates at 167° to give an equilibrium mixture comprising 84% of the (1RS,2RS)- and 16% of the (1SR,2RS)-form.
Classified Multifilter Up-Sampling Algorithm in Spatial Scalability for H.264/SVC Encoder (2010)

H.264/scalable video coding (SVC) has spatial scalability which can provide various resolution sequences for a single encoded bit-stream. The various resolutions can be achieved by up-sampling a lower image resolution sequence. The up-sampling method employed in H.264/SVC is directly proportional to the video quality. In order to improve the video quality with an effective up-sampling method, we propose a classified multifilter up-sampling algorithm for H.264/SVC in spatial scalability which classifies an image region as edges and nonedges. An appropriate filter is then applied to up-sample the image. In the proposed scheme, we applied the Wiener filter for edges and conventional filter for nonedges within the defined window size to preserve the edges in the up-sampled image sequence. The experimental results show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement and bit-rate reduction are 0.5 dB and 9%, respectively, which confirm that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the existing H.264/SVC standard.
Immunological identity of heparin-dependent plasma and urinary protein C inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-3. (1987)

Purified plasma and urinary protein C inhibitors (PCI) formed heparin-dependent complexes with activated protein C (APC) which were detected by immunoblotting after nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. Bands representing APC.PCI complexes were also seen on immunoblots after incubation of plasma with APC and heparin. The same immunoblot pattern of complexes was detected by three different methods: method A, monoclonal antibody to plasminogen activator inhibitor-3 (PAI-3, urinary urokinase inhibitor) + 125I-labeled anti-mouse IgG; method B, polyclonal antibodies to PCI + 125I-labeled purified plasma PCI; and method C, monoclonal antibody to protein C + 125I-protein C. Plasma depleted of PAI-3 by immunoadsorption with insolubilized monoclonal antibody to PAI-3 showed no detectable antigen or complexes with APC as visualized by methods A or B. This PAI-3-depleted plasma had less than 10% of the heparin-dependent inhibitory activity of normal plasma toward APC. Purified plasma PCI was fully reactive in an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for PAI-3, and plasma and urinary PCI inhibited urokinase activity in a heparin-dependent manner. These data indicate that heparin-dependent plasma and urinary PCI and PAI-3 are immunologically and functionally very similar if not identical. This observation identifies a new interrelation between the protein C anticoagulant and the fibrinolytic systems. In addition, plasma contains a heparin-independent inhibitor of APC which is not immunologically related to plasma PCI or to PAI-3.
Lab-on-a-chip devices for global health: Past studies and future opportunities (2006)

A rapidly emerging field in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) research is the development of devices to improve the health of people in developing countries. In this review, we identify diseases that are most in need of new health technologies, discuss special design criteria for LOC devices to be deployed in a variety of resource-poor settings, and review past research into LOC devices for global health. We focus mainly on diagnostics, the nearest-term application in this field.
Alternate Fuels in Fusion Reactors (1983)

Alternate fusion fuels, i.e., fuels based on cycles other than d-t, are advocated because of apparent safety and environmental advantages, such as low activation of reactor materials and the relaxation of the requirement for tritium breeding that one needs for a d-t fusion reactor. Nevertheless, the lower fusion reaction rates and the higher required operating temperatures have suggested that the reactor performance would be inferior to that of a d-t reactor.This question of reactor performance relative to fuel cycle is examined here in the restricted context d-t versus d-d (with variations) In tokamaks, reversed-field pinches and tandem mirrors, although results relative to other concepts and cycles are reviewed. Each reactor concept is assessed relative to the relevant physics, engineering, cost and safety issues. There are distinct physics and technical leverages for each of the concepts, but many common features as well. For example, all three concepts require no blanket tritium breeding and have a much lower tritium inventory than their d-t counterparts, as well as, longer blanket lifetime, greater blanket efficiency, higher neutron energy multiplication and less activation. The physics constraints are not necessarily greater and cost per net power output between d-t and d-d reactors can be comparable.
Essential role for ERK2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in placental development (2003)

These observations indicate that ERK2 is essential for placental development and suggest that ERK2 in the trophoblast compartment may be indispensable for the vascularization of the labyrinth.
Jagged1-induced Notch signaling drives proliferation of multiple myeloma cells (2004)

Notch receptors expressed on hematopoietic stem cells interact with their ligands on bone marrow stromal cells and thereby control cell fate decisions and survival. We recently demonstrated that Notch signaling is involved in proliferation and survival of B cell-derived tumor cells of classic Hodgkin disease and described a novel mechanism for the oncogenic capacity of Notch. In this study we investigated whether Notch signaling is involved in the tight interactions between neoplastic plasma cells and their bone marrow microenvironment, which are essential for tumor cell growth in multiple myeloma (MM). Here we demonstrate that Notch receptors and their ligand Jagged1 are highly expressed in cultured and primary MM cells, whereas nonneoplastic counterparts show low to undetectable levels of Notch. Functional data indicate that ligand-induced Notch signaling is a growth factor for MM cells and suggest that these interactions contribute to myelomagenesis in vivo.
Road vehicle localization with 2D push-broom LIDAR and 3D priors (2012)

In this paper we describe and demonstrate a method for precisely localizing a road vehicle using a single push-broom 2D laser scanner while leveraging a prior 3D survey. In contrast to conventional scan matching, our laser is oriented downwards, thus causing continual ground strike. Our method exploits this to produce a small 3D swathe of laser data which can be matched statistically within the 3D survey. This swathe generation is predicated upon time varying estimates of vehicle velocity. While in theory this data could be obtained from vehicle speedometers, in reality these instruments are biased and so we also provide a way to estimate this bias from survey data. We show that our low cost system consistently outperforms a high caliber integrated DGPS/IMU system over 26 km of driven path around a test site.
<title>Hybrid broadcasting protocol for video on demand</title> (1998)

Broadcasting protocols can improve the efficiency of video on demand services by reducing the bandwidth required to transmit videos that are simultaneously watched by many viewers. It has been recently shown that broadcasting protocols using a very large number of very low bandwidth streams for each video required less total bandwidth than protocols using a few high-bandwidth streams shared by all videos. We present a hybrid broadcasting protocol that combines the advantages of these two classes of protocols. Our pagoda broadcasting protocol uses only a small number of high-bandwidth streams and requires only slightly more bandwidth than the best extant protocols to achieve a given maximum waiting time.
CryptoNets: applying neural networks to encrypted data with high throughput and accuracy (2016)

Applying machine learning to a problem which involves medical, financial, or other types of sensitive data, not only requires accurate predictions but also careful attention to maintaining data privacy and security. Legal and ethical requirements may prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning solutions for such tasks. In this work, we will present a method to convert learned neural networks to CryptoNets, neural networks that can be applied to encrypted data. This allows a data owner to send their data in an encrypted form to a cloud service that hosts the network. The encryption ensures that the data remains confidential since the cloud does not have access to the keys needed to decrypt it. Nevertheless, we will show that the cloud service is capable of applying the neural network to the encrypted data to make encrypted predictions, and also return them in encrypted form. These encrypted predictions can be sent back to the owner of the secret key who can decrypt them. Therefore, the cloud service does not gain any information about the raw data nor about the prediction it made. We demonstrate CryptoNets on the MNIST optical character recognition tasks. CryptoNets achieve 99% accuracy and can make around 59000 predictions per hour on a single PC. Therefore, they allow high throughput, accurate, and private predictions.
SMARTS: accelerating microarchitecture simulation via rigorous statistical sampling (2004)

Current software-based microarchitecture simulators are many orders of magnitude slower than the hardware they simulate. Hence, most microarchitecture design studies draw their conclusions from drastically truncated benchmark simulations that are often inaccurate and misleading. We present the sampling microarchitecture simulation (SMARTS) framework as an approach to enable fast and accurate performance measurements of full-length benchmarks. SMARTS accelerates simulation by selectively measuring in detail only an appropriate benchmark subset. SMARTS prescribes a statistically sound procedure for configuring a systematic sampling simulation run to achieve a desired quantifiable confidence in estimates. Analysis of 41 of the 45 possible SPEC2K benchmark/ input combinations show CPI and energy per instruction (EPI) can be estimated to within 3% with 99.7% confidence by measuring fewer than 50 million instructions per benchmark. In practice, inaccuracy in micro-architectural state initialization introduces an additional uncertainty which we empirically bound to /spl sim/2% for the tested benchmarks. Our implementation of SMARTS achieves an actual average error of only 0.64% on CPI and 0.59% on EPI for the tested benchmarks, running with average speedups of 35 and 60 over detailed simulation of 8-way and 16-way out-of-order processors, respectively.
New Catalytic Cycle for Couplings of Aldehydes with Organochromium Reagents (2004)

[reaction: see text] A new catalytic cycle has been developed to effect all three subgroups of Cr-mediated couplings, i.e., (1) Ni/Cr-mediated alkenylation, alkynylation, and arylation, (2) Co/Cr-mediated 2-haloallylation, alkylation, and propargylation, and (3) Cr-mediated allylation. In the presence of chiral sulfonamide ligands, good asymmetric inductions can be achieved for some of the Ni/Cr-mediated alkenylation, Co/Cr-mediated 2-haloallylation and propargylation, and Cr-mediated allylation.
Gastrin, gastrin receptors and colorectal carcinoma (1998)

The possibility that gastrin may play a role in the development of colorectal carcinoma has aroused considerable interest over the past decade. In early reports some colorectal carcinomas and colorectal carcinoma cell lines were shown to produce gastrin,1 to express gastrin receptors,2 and to respond mitogenically to exogenous gastrin.2 The most favoured explanation for these observations was an autocrine or paracrine loop in which gastrin was produced by the tumour, bound to tumour receptors, and stimulated tumour growth. However, gastrin may also have acted as an endocrine agent as hypergastrinaemia has been reported in a number of patients with colorectal carcinoma, although the source of the gastrin has not been defined.3-5 Further studies of the expression of gastrin6-8 and gastrin receptors9 10 in colorectal carcinomas and colorectal carcinoma cell lines, and of hypergastrinaemia in patients with colorectal carcinoma,11-15 indicated that the early positive reports were not universally correct. Recent information on the nature and source of the gastrin produced, and the discovery of novel receptors selective for non-amidated gastrins, makes it timely to reconsider the involvement of progastrin derived peptides in colorectal carcinoma.

There is now abundant evidence that most colorectal carcinomas synthesise progastrin. Gastrin mRNA has been detected by both polymerase chain reaction and northern hybridisation in colorectal carcinoma cell lines, normal human colonic mucosa and colorectal carcinomas.6 16-18 The gastrin mRNA is of low abundance but the major band of 0.7 kilobases is identical in sequence to antral gastrin mRNA.6 16 17 There is, however, considerable disparity in the literature on the proportion of colorectal carcinomas that contain amidated gastrin (table 1). The variable efficiency of translation and extent of postranslational processing of gastrin in peptide producing tumours20 offers an explanation for some of the contradictory reports as …
Inhibiting transthyretin conformational changes that lead to amyloid fibril formation (1998)

Insoluble protein fibrils resulting from the self-assembly of a conformational intermediate are implicated as the causative agent in several severe human amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and senile systemic amyloidosis. The latter two diseases are associated with transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils, which appear to form in the acidic partial denaturing environment of the lysosome. Here we demonstrate that flufenamic acid (Flu) inhibits the conformational changes of TTR associated with amyloid fibril formation. The crystal structure of TTR complexed with Flu demonstrates that Flu mediates intersubunit hydrophobic interactions and intersubunit hydrogen bonds that stabilize the normal tetrameric fold of TTR. A small-molecule inhibitor that stabilizes the normal conformation of a protein is desirable as a possible approach to treat amyloid diseases. Molecules such as Flu also provide the means to rigorously test the amyloid hypothesis, i.e., the apparent causative role of amyloid fibrils in amyloid disease.
A preliminary study on the relationship between murine IgE level and 3-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma (1990)

The relationship between murine IgE, IgG, and IgG1 level and birosarcoma induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene in NIH mice was studied. The results showed that IgE, IgG or IgG1 had no significant effect on tumor incidence; the high IgE level could extend the survival time of 3-Methylcholanthrene injected mice (P<0.05) and survival time of tumor bearing mice (P<0.01), while IgG or IgG1 could not. The data from this study did not show that IgE, IgG or IgG1 had any significant effect on the tumor size and the tumor growth rate. The probable mechanism involved was discussed.
Immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (2002)

Over the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion in the field of tumour immunology. There is now convincing evidence that both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system are capable of interacting with tumour cells. The most significant advances have been in our understanding of cellular responses and the complex events that lead to T-lymphocyte activation, as well as in the identification of tumour antigens recognised by T-lymphocytes. This knowledge has led to the development of anticancer immunotherapies designed to produce tumour antigen-specific T-cell responses, adding to the earlier antibody or whole-cell vaccine approaches. In addition, new methods have been developed to quantify antigen-specific T-cell responses, and the emergent field of recombinant gene technology has led to an increasing number of novel methods for vaccine delivery. This review will explore these advances, as well as possible future directions, with an emphasis on colorectal cancer.
Toxicity and antitumor activity against solid tumors of micelle-forming polymeric anticancer drug and its extremely long circulation in blood. (1991)

Toxicity and in vivo antitumor activity against five solid tumors (C 26, C 38, M 5076, MKN-45, MX-1) of Adriamycin (ADR)-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer (PEG-P[Asp(ADR)]) were evaluated, and its pharmacokinetic behavior in blood and biodistribution by i.v. injection were obtained. PEG-P[Asp(ADR)] was revealed to express higher antitumor activity than ADR against all the examined tumors except MKN-45. Especially against C 26, PEG-P[Asp(ADR)] expressed critical suppression of tumor growth and considerably prolonged life span of the treated mice. PEG-P[Asp(ADR)] was observed in blood at much higher concentrations with a longer half-life than ADR after the i.v. injection. PEG-P[Asp(ADR)] was known to form a micellar structure with a diameter of approximately 50 nm and a narrow distribution in phosphate-buffered saline. Therefore, the stabilized circulation of ADR residue in blood by binding to the block copolymer was considered to result from the micellar structure which possesses the hydrated outer shell composed of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains.
Sculptured thin films and glancing angle deposition: Growth mechanics and applications (1997)

Sculptured thin films with three dimensional microstructure controlled on the 10 nm scale were fabricated with an evaporation technique. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) and substrate motion were employed to “sculpt” columnar thin film microstructure into desired forms ranging from zigzag shaped to helical to four-sided “square” helical. Computer control of substrate motion was used to accurately position the substrate and to achieve the desired film structures. The growth mechanics of this novel thin film deposition technique are investigated with density measurements, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and measurements of effective refractive index. Adatom diffusion and atomic shadowing are the dominant growth mechanisms with glancing angle deposition conditions creating extreme shadowing. With controlled rotation of the substrate about two axes during deposition, a dense capping layer can be produced on top of the porous sculptured films. The success of the capping process was found to be strongly dependent on the technique used, with an exponential decrease (θ∝[1−A⋅eB⋅t]) with time of incident flux angle found to be the best to reduce filling of the porous film and fracturing of the capping film. The GLAD technique was found to have potentially promising application in optical, biological, and chemical devices and materials.
High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of chemical reactions using flowing liquids. Kinetic and thermodynamic intermediates formed by the attack of methoxide ion on 1-X-3,5-dinitrobenzenes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of chemical reactions using flowing liquids. Kinetic and thermodynamic intermediates formed by the attack of methoxide ion on 1-X-3,5-dinitrobenzenesColin A. Fyfe, Michael Cocivera, and Sadru W. H. DamjiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 20, 5707–5713Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00853a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts