gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric syntheses based on 1,3-oxathianes. 2. Synthesis of chiral tertiary .alpha.-hydroxy aldehydes, .alpha.-hydroxy acids, glycols [R1R2C(OH)CH2OH], and carbinols [R1R2C(OH)Me] in high enantiomeric purity. (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric syntheses based on 1,3-oxathianes. 2. Synthesis of chiral tertiary .alpha.-hydroxy aldehydes, .alpha.-hydroxy acids, glycols [R1R2C(OH)CH2OH], and carbinols [R1R2C(OH)Me] in high enantiomeric purity.Joseph E. Lynch and Ernest L. ElielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 10, 2943–2948Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00322a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00322a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Development of a sandwich module prototype for Space Solar Power (2012)

Space Solar Power (SSP) is broadly defined to be the collection of solar energy in space and its wireless transmission for use on earth. It has been observed that the implementation of such a system could offer energy security, environmental, and technological advantages to those who would undertake its development. Among recent implementations commonly proposed for SSP, the Modular Symmetrical Concentrator (MSC) concept has received considerable attention. It employs an array of modules for performing conversion of concentrated sunlight into microwaves for transmission to earth. While prototypes of such modules have been designed and developed previously by several groups, none have been subjected to the challenging conditions inherent to the space environment and possible solar concentration levels in which an array of modules would be required to operate. The research described herein details our team's efforts to resolve trade studies associated with the development of a "sandwich" module and its planned implementation and testing under realistic operating conditions.
A Subset of Host B Lymphocytes Controls Melanoma Metastasis through a Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule/MUC18-Dependent Interaction: Evidence from Mice and Humans (2008)

Host immunity affects tumor metastasis but the corresponding cellular and molecular mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we show that a subset of B lymphocytes (termed B-1 population), but not other lymphocytes, has prometastatic effects on melanoma cells in vivo through a direct heterotypic cell-cell interaction. In the classic B16 mouse melanoma model, one mechanism underlying this phenomenon is a specific up-regulation and subsequent homophilic interaction mediated by the cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule). Presence of B-1 lymphocytes in a panel of tumor samples from melanoma patients directly correlates with MUC18 expression in melanoma cells, indicating that the same protein interaction exists in humans. These results suggest a new but as yet unrecognized functional role for host B-1 lymphocytes in tumor metastasis and establish a biochemical basis for such observations. Our findings support the counterintuitive central hypothesis in which a primitive layer of the immune system actually contributes to tumor progression and metastasis in a mouse model and in melanoma patients. Given that monoclonal antibodies against MUC18 are in preclinical development but the reason for their antitumor activity is not well understood, these translational results are relevant in the setting of human melanoma and perhaps of other cancers.
Decorin suppresses neurocan, brevican, phosphacan and NG2 expression and promotes axon growth across adult rat spinal cord injuries (2004)

The formation of misaligned scar tissue by a variety of cell types expressing multiple axon growth inhibitory proteoglycans presents a physical and molecular barrier to axon regeneration after adult spinal cord injuries. Decorin is a small, leucine-rich proteoglycan that has previously been shown to reduce astrogliosis and basal lamina formation in acute cerebral cortex stab injuries. We have therefore tested whether mini pump infusion of hr-decorin into acute stab injuries of the adult rat spinal cord can not only inhibit formation of an astroglial limitans but also deposition of the axon growth inhibitory proteoglycans neurocan, NG2, phosphacan and brevican. Combined immunohistochemical and quantitative Western blot analysis revealed major reductions in levels of core protein expression (>80% for 130-kDa neurocan, 145/80-kDa brevican, 300-kDa phosphacan) and immunoreactivity for all four chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) within decorin-treated injuries compared with untreated controls. Astrogliosis within lesion margins and the accumulation of OX42+ macrophages/microglia within lesion centres were also significantly reduced. These decorin-induced changes in scar formation combined to promote the striking ability of axons from microtransplanted adult sensory neurons to enter, grow within and exit decorin-infused spinal cord injuries, in sharp contrast to the complete failure of axons to cross untreated, CSPG-rich lesions. Decorin pretreatment of meningial fibroblasts in vitro also resulted in a three-fold increase in neurite outgrowth from co-cultured adult sensory neurons and suppression of NG2 immunoreactivity. The ability of decorin to promote axon growth across acute spinal cord injuries via a coordinated suppression of inflammation, CSPG expression and astroglial scar formation make decorin treatment a promising component of future spinal cord regeneration strategies.
Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Mediating Immune Response to Microbial Lipoproteins (2002)

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family acts as pattern recognition receptors for pathogen-specific molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR2 is essential for the signaling of a variety of PAMPs, including bacterial lipoprotein/lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, and GPI anchors. TLR6 associates with TLR2 and recognizes diacylated mycoplasmal lipopeptide along with TLR2. We report here that TLR1 associates with TLR2 and recognizes the native mycobacterial 19-kDa lipoprotein along with TLR2. Macrophages from TLR1-deficient (TLR1(-/-)) mice showed impaired proinflammatory cytokine production in response to the 19-kDa lipoprotein and a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide. In contrast, TLR1(-/-) cells responded normally to diacylated lipopeptide. TLR1 interacts with TLR2 and coexpression of TLR1 and TLR2 enhanced the NF-kappaB activation in response to a synthetic lipopeptide. Furthermore, lipoprotein analogs whose acylation was modified were preferentially recognized by TLR1. Taken together, TLR1 interacts with TLR2 to recognize the lipid configuration of the native mycobacterial lipoprotein as well as several triacylated lipopeptides.
Data Compression Technique for Digital Holograms using a Temporally Scalable Coding Method for 2-D Images (2006)

In this paper, we proposed an efficient compression coding method for a digital hologram (fringe pattern) image/video. It uses a multi-view prediction (MVP) technique and a temporal motion prediction (TMP) technique to remove the spatial and temporal data redundancies, respectively. The predicted and compensated data is finally compressed by MPEG video compression standard techniques. Both MVP and TMP are performed by the unit of a predefined segment of a fringe pattern on the bases of its localization property. The experimental results with the implemented algorithm showed that the proposed method has NC (normal correlation) values about 4% higher than the previous methods at the same compression ratios, which convinced us that ours has better compression efficiency. Consequently, the proposed method is expected to be used effectively in the application areas to transmit or store in digital format the digital hologram data
Suppression of colitis in mice by Cl-amidine: a novel peptidylarginine deiminase inhibitor (2011)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are dynamic, chronic inflammatory conditions that are associated with an increased colon cancer risk. Inflammatory cell apoptosis is a key mechanism for regulating IBD. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the posttranslational conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline in a calcium-dependent, irreversible reaction and mediate the effects of proinflammatory cytokines. Because PAD levels are elevated in mouse and human colitis, we hypothesized that a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the PADs, i.e., chloramidine (Cl-amidine), could suppress colitis in a dextran sulfate sodium mouse model. Results are consistent with this hypothesis, as demonstrated by the finding that Cl-amidine treatment, both prophylactic and after the onset of disease, reduced the clinical signs and symptoms of colitis, without any indication of toxic side effects. Interestingly, Cl-amidine drives apoptosis of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo, providing a mechanism by which Cl-amidine suppresses colitis. In total, these data help validate the PADs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD and further suggest Cl-amidine as a candidate therapy for this disease.
Research on Automated Project Performance Control: An Update (2009)

Research on Automated Project Performance Control: An Update Ronie Navon Pages 126-128 (2009 Proceedings of the 26th ISARC, Austin, USA, ISBN 978-0-578-02312-0, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Project performance control normally requires massive manual data collection  the more detailed the required control information, the more labor intensive the data collection must be. Hence, the cost of collecting the data and generating the information is high and the quality, integrity and real-time availability are low. Our proposition, for more than a decade, has been to either automate the data collection using advanced technologies, or use existing tools (e.g. daily site report  DSR) to minimize the data collection. This was done in a variety of areas: labor tracking; earthmoving operations; daily-site-report based control; change management tool; materials management and control; safety control; and company level monitoring  all are briefly reported in this extended abstract. Keywords: No keywords DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2009/0062 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Aminofurazan‐3‐carboxylic Acid Iminoester in Reactions with N,O‐Nucleophiles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drugs and fracture repair (2005)

The repair of long bones has not been optimized by Mother Nature. One would think that such a complicated process, leading to replacement of damaged tissue and restoration of function, would be the...
Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases (2011)

The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
The regulation of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: New answers to old problems (2014)

There is a paradox in the oxidizing phase of the phosphate pentose pathway that has not yet been solved. The flow through the pathway is reduced in basal conditions; however, it must rise notably when a NADPH supplement is required. The paradox consists of the strong inhibition that the NADPH exerts on the both dehydrogenases of the pathway, especially on the regulating enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Theoretically, in anabolic situations, the increase of gene expression of G6PD and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase can induce a rise in the production of NADPH, which would cause the immediate inhibition of the enzyme and a drastic flow reduction. However, increasing the flow through oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) has been experimentally demonstrated in many physiological states. However, this situation will be resolved if the NADPH metabolized or otherwise sufficient NADPH is sequestered to relax the inhibition of the dehydrogenases of OPPP and to maintain high ratio of NADPH/NADP(+) needed to ensure the reducing environment of the cell cytoplasm and the contribution of NADPH for anabolic processes. In 1974, the presence of a protein capable of reversing the inhibition of G6PD by NADPH was detected; however, to date, this paradox remains undisclosed. This review deals with the possibility that such reverting action might be similar to the activity of a protein named HSCARG, which is responsible for the abduction of NADPH, thus keeping a portion of the coenzyme away from the catalytic action and, simultaneously, the immune response through the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) system. The model has many similarities with the hypothesis proposed some 40 years back on the reversion of G6PD inhibition by NADPH.
Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Remyelinate and Enhance Axonal Conduction in the Demyelinated Dorsal Columns of the Rat Spinal Cord (1998)

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which have properties of both astrocytes and Schwann cells, can remyelinate axons with a Schwann cell-like pattern of myelin. In this study the pattern and extent of remyelination and the electrophysiological properties of dorsal column axons were characterized after transplantation of OECs into a demyelinated rat spinal cord lesion. Dorsal columns of adult rat spinal cords were demyelinated by x-ray irradiation and focal injections of ethidium bromide. Cell suspensions of acutely dissociated OECs from neonatal rats were injected into the lesion 6 d after x-ray irradiation. At 21-25 d after transplantation of OECs, the spinal cords were maintained in an in vitro recording chamber to study the conduction properties of the axons. The remyelinated axons displayed improved conduction velocity and frequency-response properties, and action potentials were conducted a greater distance into the lesion, suggesting that conduction block was overcome. Quantitative histological analysis revealed remyelinated axons near and remote from the cell injection site, indicating extensive migration of OECs within the lesion. These data support the conclusion that transplantation of neonatal OECs results in quantitatively extensive and functional remyelination of demyelinated dorsal column axons.
Relationship between Visual Field Sensitivity and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (2006)

Evaluation of the structure-function relationship in normal subjects and those with PPG or POAG showed strong curvilinear regression in POAG eyes with PSD >1.9 dB and RNFL AVG thickness below 70 microm, whereas no correlation was detectable above these values.
Laser-doped silicon solar cells by Laser Chemical Processing (LCP) exceeding 20% efficiency (2008)

The introduction of selective emitters underneath the front contacts of solar cells can considerably increase the cell efficiency. Thus, cost-effective fabrication methods for this process step would help to reduce the cost per W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> of silicon solar cells. Laser Chemical Processing (LCP) is based on the waterjet-guided laser (LaserMicroJet®) developed and commercialized by Synova S.A., but uses a chemical jet. This technology is able to perform local diffusions at high speed and accuracy without the need of masking or any high-temperature step of the entire wafer. We present experimental investigations on simple device structures to choose optimal laser parameters for selective emitter formation. These parameters are used to fabricate high-efficiency oxide-passivated LFC solar cells that exceed 20% efficiency.
Nanoindentation hardness measurements using atomic force microscopy (1994)

An atomic force microscope (AFM), with a specially prepared diamond tip, has been modified to measure indentation hardness with an indentation depth as low as 1 nm. This indentation depth is much smaller than the depth of more than 20 nm that have been reported to date. The AFM indentation technique allows the hardness measurements of surface monolayers and ultrathin films in multilayered structures at very shallow depths and low loads. The nanoindentation hardness of single crystal silicon is measured using this technique. A subtraction technique is also described which allows the actual hardness measurements of rough surfaces such as magnetic thin film rigid disks.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C-METHYL GROUPS (1961)

The N.M.R. spectra of compounds containing various types of C-methyl groups are discussed with special reference to the effects of spin coupling. Particular attention is given to compounds containing the CHCH 3 group in saturated systems. It is pointed out that the observed splitting of the methyl band is not always equal to the coupling constant between the methyl protons and the adjacent proton, even when the chemical shift between the two groups of protons is large.
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP), CMMP, from Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts (1998)

We cloned a novel matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) called CMMP from cultured primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. The cDNA-derived CMMP sequence contains 472 amino acids including a putative 19-residue signal peptide and a unique cysteine in the catalytic domain, an insertion in a sequence motif that binds the structural (noncatalytic) zinc of MMPs. Strikingly, a homologously inserted cysteine is also found in Xenopus XMMP and human MMP19, two recently cloned novel members of the MMP family. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that XMMP and MMP19 represent founding members of the MMP family, whereas CMMP is related to collagenase MMPs. Bacterially produced recombinant CMMP (without the amino-terminal inhibition domain), which was autoproteolyzed at the carboxyl-terminal domain, digested casein and gelatin. As shown by Northern blotting, CMMP mRNA of 1.8 kilobase pairs was constitutively expressed in cultured primary chicken embryo fibroblasts and up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, but it was not regulated by interleukin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, or retinoic acid. CMMP mRNA of 1.8 kb was also detected in the head and body of 8-day-old chicken embryos and dramatically up-regulated in 9-day-old embryos.
Vaccines: From Empirical Development to Rational Design (2012)

Infectious diseases are responsible for an overwhelming number of deaths worldwide and their clinical management is often hampered by the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, prevention through vaccination currently represents the best course of action to combat them. However, immune escape and evasion by pathogens often render vaccine development difficult. Furthermore, most currently available vaccines were empirically designed. In this review, we discuss why rational design of vaccines is not only desirable but also necessary. We introduce recent developments towards specifically tailored antigens, adjuvants, and delivery systems, and discuss the methodological gaps and lack of knowledge still hampering true rational vaccine design. Finally, we address the potential and limitations of different strategies and technologies for advancing vaccine development.
The Expression of Prothymosin α Gene in T Lymphocytes and Leukemic Lymphoid Cells Is Tied To Lymphocyte Proliferation (1989)

We isolated the cDNA for human prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) from a human peripheral T-cell library using two synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. Hybridization studies with this cDNA showed that the ProT alpha mRNA is detectable in all the rat tissues studied but is most abundant in thymus and within this gland mainly synthesized by thymocytes. In the T-cell lineage, its expression is higher in proliferative immature thymocytes than in pre- and post-thymic T lymphocytes. A quite similar pattern was obtained with the proliferation-related protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin. These data show that ProT alpha mRNA levels change with the maturation stage of T-cells. Moreover, the amount of ProT alpha transcript is increased in lymphocytes from human patients with leukemias. Our findings indicate a role for ProT alpha linked to lymphocyte proliferation.
Data compression of correlated non-binary sources using punctured turbo codes (2003)

We consider the case of two correlated non-binary sources. Data compression is achieved by transforming the sequences of non-binary symbols into sequences of bits and then using punctured turbo codes as source encoders. Each source is compressed without knowledge about the other source, and no information about the correlation between sources is required in the encoding process. Compression is achieved because of puncturing, which is adjusted to obtain the desired compression rate. The source decoder utilizes iterative schemes over the compressed binary sequences, and recovers the non-binary symbol sequences from both sources. The performance of the proposed scheme is close to the theoretical limit predicted by the Slepian-Wolf (1973) theorem.