gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of multiplex fluorescent PCR for screening single cells for trisomy 21 and single gene defects (1999)

A great majority of patients seeking preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are women >35 years of age. In addition to being carriers for single gene defects, these women also have a higher risk of having children with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). For these patients, it would be advantageous if a diagnostic test for trisomy 21 was developed, which could be used in conjunction with tests for single gene defects. Here, we assessed the feasibility of developing an accurate genetic test for diagnosing trisomy 21 and the mutation causing spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in single cells using multiplex fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Single- and two-round PCR were developed using a combination of primers for the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene exons 7 and 8 and two chromosome 21 short tandem repeats (STRs), D21S226 and D21S11. After only 36 cycles, 88 and 68% of normal single cells were screened for SMA mutations and trisomy 21 respectively. In multiplex PCR using only two primers (SMN exon 7 and D21S11) instead of four, the efficiency of SMA diagnosis was increased to 93%. In the same reactions, the D21S11 alleles were detected in 83% of the normal single cells. Clinical applications of this assay should enable detection of those embryos that have inherited three heterozygous alleles and, therefore, benefit many PGD patients who are at an increased risk of Down's syndrome.
Effect of Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver on Peak Expiratory Flow, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Pain During Forced Expiratory Pulmonary Function Test in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on peak exploratory flow (PEF), forced exploratory volume in 1 second (), and low back pain during forced expiration. Twenty-two subjects (14 subjects in experimental group, 8 subjects in control group) participated in this study. The stabilizer was used for ADIM training for five consecutive days. Vitalograph PEF/ DIARY and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to determine forced expiratory pulmonary function and low back pain, respectively. Independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of .05. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences of ADIM effect on PEF and between experimental group and control group. 2) There was a significant pain reduction in experimental group with ADIM. 3) PEF and increased significantly in the fifth day compared with the first day pre-exercise baseline. Therefore, it is concluded that ADIM was effective in improving PEF and , and reducing VAS during forced expiration in patients with chronic low back pain.
The DNA Binding Domain of the Gene 2.5 Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein of Bacteriophage T7 (2003)

Gene 2.5 of bacteriophage T7 encodes a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is essential for viral survival. Its crystal structure reveals a conserved oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold predicted to interact with single-stranded DNA. However, there is no experimental evidence to support this hypothesis. Recently, we reported a genetic screen for lethal mutations in gene 2.5 that we are using to identify functional domains of the gene 2.5 protein. This screen uncovered a number of mutations that led to amino acid substitutions in the proposed DNA binding domain. Three variant proteins, gp2.5-Y158C, gp2.5-K152E, and gp2.5-Y111C/Y158C, exhibit a decrease in binding affinity for oligonucleotides. A fourth, gp2.5-K109I, exhibits an altered mode of binding single-stranded DNA. A carboxyl-terminal truncation of gene 2.5 protein, gp2.5-Delta26C, binds single-stranded DNA 10-fold more tightly than the wild-type protein. The three altered proteins defective in single-stranded DNA binding cannot mediate the annealing of homologous DNA, whereas gp2.5-Delta26C mediates the reaction more effectively than does wild-type. Gp2.5-K109I retains this annealing ability, albeit slightly less efficiently. With the exception of gp2.5-Delta26C, all variant proteins form dimers in solution and physically interact with T7 DNA polymerase.
P4-10-01: Tumor Markers Predicting Recurrence Type after a Primary Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. (2011)

Abstract Background: The risk for recurrence after a primary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is approximately 8% after ten years. If a recurrence occurs, the risk of the recurrence being invasive is approximately 50%. However, the knowledge of determinants for type of recurrence is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictable effect of specific biologic markers on the type recurrence after a primary DCIS. Material and Methods: All women diagnosed with a primary DCIS between 1986 and 2004 in Uppsala and Västerås, Sweden were included (n=458). We also included all women from the SweDCIS Trial with a known recurrence (n= 166). TMA blocks were constructed and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the status of estrogen receptor (ER), HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6), forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), Ki 67, CD 10 and transacting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 (GATA-3) in the primary DCIS tumors. Logistic regression was employed to calculate the difference of expression status of biological markers between groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, with adjustment for age, free margins, surgical type and molecular subtype by IHC. Results: Of the 624 patients, 358 without recurrence were grouped as controls. Of the 266 with recurrence, 130 developed an in situ recurrence, while the remaining 136 developed invasive recurrence. Mastectomy compared to breast conserving surgery (BCS) and free margins were associated with less recurrences (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.03 — 0.15) and (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26 — 0.58). As compared with the most common molecular subtype Luminal A, the subtype Luminal B had statistically significant higher risk of recurrence (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12 — 3.59). Higher risk of all recurrences was also observed for FOXA1 (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.48 — 4.74) and FOXC1 (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.39 — 4.09). In the analyses of type of recurrence, ER-negative, HER2−positive and EGFR-positive tumors recurred more often as in situ; (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.17 — 4.71), (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.11 — 3.88) and (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.11 — 4.36). The molecular subtype HER2+ was also associated with a lower risk of invasive recurrence (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 — 0.67). Conclusion: As expected, mastectomy and free margins were associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Molecular subtype Luminal B and tumor markers FOXA1 and FOXC1 had a higher risk of recurrence. Recurrences after molecular subtype HER2+, ER-negative and EGFR-positive DCIS were more often of the in situ type. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-01.
A murine model of B-cell lymphoma, manipulation of costimulatory and cytokine expression to generate effective immunotherapeutic cancer vaccines (1999)

grantor: University of Toronto
Crumpled indium-tin-oxide electrodes for transparency tuning (2016)

Optical transparency of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film depends on its topography. Wrinkling of ITO thin film can reduce normal transmittance or visibility by scattering the incident light away. In this paper, we study topography change of ITO thin film and its effect on normal transmittance of light. Coating of ITO thin film on adhesive poly-acrylate elastomer forms wrinkles and folds when subjected to mechanical compression and surface buckling. At excessive compression, such as 25% equi-biaxial, folds of the ITO thin film are so deep and convoluted like crumpling of a piece of paper. This crumpled form of ITO thin film can well obscure the light passing even though a flat ITO thin film is transparent. Surprisingly, the crumpled ITO thin film remains continuous and conductive even with 25% equi-biaxial compression despite the fact that ITO is known to be brittle. These crumpled ITO thin films were subsequently used to make compliant electrodes for Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). These crumpled ITO thin film can be reversibly unfolded through the DEA’s areal expansion. This DEA with 14.2% equi-biaxially crumpled ITO thin films can produce 37% areal expansion and demonstrate an optical transmittance change from 39.14% to 52.08% at 550nm wavelength.
The cost of quality (2001)

Over the years the annual practice nurse conference has not only raised and debated issues important to practice nursing, but has also provided a mandate for the elected committee of the RCN Practice Nurse Association to take these issues forward at a national level.
Simple approach to one-laser, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2004)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is emerging as a powerful method for imaging materials and biological systems, partly because of its noninvasiveness and selective chemical sensitivity. However, its full potential for species-selective imaging is limited by a restricted spectral bandwidth. Recent increases in bandwidth are promising but still are not sufficient for the level of robust component discrimination that would be needed in a chemically complex milieu found, for example, in intracellular and extracellular environments. We demonstrate a truly broadband CARS imaging instrument that we use to acquire hyperspectral images with vibrational spectra over a bandwidth of 2500 cm(-1) with a resolution of 13 cm(-1).
Antigen Microarrays for the Study of Autoimmune Diseases (2013)

Antigen microarrays constitute a new tool for the investigation of the immune response in autoimmune disorders and also in other conditions such as tumors and allergies. Once current limitations are overcome, antigen microarrays have the potential to revolutionize the investigation and management of autoimmune diseases.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy Using Multichannel Photon Counting (1990)

A new measurement system is reported which combines fluorescence microscopy with multichannel photon-counting detection. The prototype instrument can be operated in normal fluorescence and in fluorescence lifetime modes. Multichannel photon detection was used in order to enhance the rate of data collection. The feasibility of rapid two-dimensional mapping of samples was indicated. The technique may prove especially valuable in situations where multicomponent samples display similar spectral features but differing lifetime characteristics. By increases in the measurement dimensionality, enhanced sample evaluation is possible. Applications involving model and practical biological systems are discussed.
Pain Control on Demand Based on Pulsed Radio-Frequency Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Using a Batteryless Implantable CMOS SoC (2010)

This paper presents the implementation of a batteryless CMOS SoC with low voltage pulsed radio-frequency (PRF) stimulation. This implantable SoC uses 402 MHz command signals following the medical implanted communication system (MICS) standard and a low frequency (1 MHz) for RF power transmission. A body floating type rectifier achieves 84% voltage conversion ratio. A bi-phasic pulse train of 1.4 V and 500 kHz is delivered by a PRF driver circuit. The PRF parameters include pulse duration, pulse frequency and repetition rate, which are controllable via 402 MHz RF receiver. The minimal required 3 V RF Vin and 2.2 V VDDr is achieved at 18 mm gap. The SoC chip is fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and mounted on a PCB with a flexible spiral antenna. The packaged PRF SoC was implanted into rats for the animal study. Von Frey was applied to test the mechanical allodynia in a blinded manner. This work has successfully demonstrated that implanted CMOS SoC stimulating DRG with 1.4 V, 500 kHz PRF could significantly reduce spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced mechanical allodynia for 3-7 days.
High-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue for follicular low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1997)

Prolonged failure-free survival is possible following high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic rescue for follicular low-grade lymphoma. It is unclear whether patients are cured with this therapy or if survival is prolonged.
Role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the function of nitric oxide synthase, and its cytoprotective effect (Review). (1998)

This review discusses the role of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4 biopterin) in the function of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the protective effect of H4 biopterin against nitric oxide (NO)- and/or reactive oxygen species-induced cytotoxicity. Although NOS releases NO, which regulates vascular tone and immune surveillance under normal conditions, NOS seems to produce superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide when H4 biopterin, one of the cofactors, or L-arginine, a substrate, is decreased, suggesting the possibility that NOS is a source of reactive oxygen species under pathological conditions. Moreover, simultaneous release of NO and reactive oxygen species in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of H4 biopterin and/or L-arginine may be highly toxic, since NO reacts with superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide to form peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen and the hydroxyl radical, which are toxic. An increase in H4 biopterin content in cells obviates NOS dysfunction (production of reactive oxygen species instead of NO) and protects the cells against NOS dysfunction-related cell injury. Moreover, H4 biopterin has a strong scavenging activity for reactive oxygen species, and inhibits thier cytotoxicity. H4 biopterin is also likely to reduce NO-induced cytotoxicity. Thus, H4 biopterin is not only an important regulator of NOS function, but is also an intracellular antioxidant. NO and reactive oxygen species are known to be implicated in the development of many pathological states. It is possible that H4 biopterin could be effective for treating many diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation and diabetes mellitus.
Development of a high-titer retrovirus producer cell line capable of gene transfer into rhesus monkey hematopoietic stem cells. (1990)

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer into primitive hematopoietic cells has been difficult to achieve in large-animal models. We have developed an amphotropic producer clone that generates greater than 10(10) recombinant retroviral particles (colony-forming units) per ml of culture medium. Autologous rhesus monkey bone-marrow cells were cocultured with either high (2 x 10(10) colony-forming units/ml) or low (5 x 10(6) colony-forming units/ml) titer producer clones for 4-6 days and reinfused into sublethally irradiated animals. The proviral genome was detected in blood and bone-marrow cells from all three animals reconstituted with cells cocultured with the high-titer producer cells. In contrast, three animals reconstituted with bone marrow cocultured with the low-titer producer clone exhibited no evidence of gene transfer.
Remodelación ósea en artroplastia total de cadera: Estudio con elementos finitos de la influencia del diseño (2002)

Remodelling of periprosthetic femoral bone after total hip arthroplasty is being studied extensively. Finite element analysis and computer-simulated remodelling theory have predicted that femoral bone-mineral density decreases after total hip arthroplasty. There is an important controversy about the clinical consequences of bone remodelling. It could decrease the bone strength, produce a cement mantle fracture, an aseptic loosening of the implant, or a periprosthetic fracture. So that it could be decline the survival of the hip prosthesis. The status of periprosthetic bone stock is an important concern when revision total hip arthroplasty is undertaken. This study has been conducted to evaluate the periprosthetic bone-mineral density following primary total hip arthroplasty by finite elements analysis and computer simulation. We have compared two cemented stems with different designs: Exeter (Howmedica International) and SHP (Biomet International) to study the phenomenon of femoral stress-shielding. We have found that with the best mechanical conditions and with the same materials, the prothesis design determined a different periprosthetic bone remodelling.
Kinetic Resolution of β-Amino Esters by Acylation Using Immobilized Penicillin Amidohydrolase (2002)

Penicillin amidohydrolase [EC 3.5.1.11] was used to resolve stereoisomers of a β-amino acid ester (ethyl 3-amino-5-(tri-methylsilyl)-4-pentynoate) by phenylacetylation. After screening commercially available sources of the immobilized enzyme, one was found to be significantly more efficient, and this was developed at 1-L scale reaction. The effects of phenylacetic acid concentration, β-amino acid ester concentration, and pH on bioconversion rates and side reactions were examined. The enzymatic reaction was monitored off-line by naphthoylation of samples and chiral analytical chromatography. The best conditions for the bioconversion were pH 5.7, 28 °C, and 14 000 units of enzyme activity per liter. The phenylacetic acid concentration was set at 50 g/L (0.37 M), and the amine at 100 g/L (0.47 M). Under these conditions, yields of the desired (S)-amino acid ester were on the order of 90% with ee's of 95% or greater in less than 12 h. This process, along with a slight modification, was tested through 15 cycles at 0.4-L scale, and was scaled to 70 L. Recycle results extrapolated to approximately 25 reaction cycles before the enzyme lost 50% of its initial activity. Through three runs at 70 L, overall yield of (S)-amine was 42.7 ± 0.6%, overall yield of (R)-phenylacetyl amide was 47.2 ± 1.8%. The average ee of the amine (two runs) was 98.1 ± 0.4%, for the amide the ee was 99.5 ± 0.2%.
A Critical Review of the Biologic Rationale for Guided Tissue Regeneration (1991)

This review discusses the rationale for using guided tissue regeneration therapy. The review not only attempts to clarify the concept of selective tissue regeneration using non-resorbable and resorbable barriers, but to discuss differences in healing events after treatment with the two types of barriers together with their significance in periodontal therapy. At present, barrier membranes have potential clinical use in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration if patients to be so treated are selected appropriately. Research is still necessary to determine the critical period for guiding the ingrowth of new attachment forming cells and also to further clarify the concept of GTR involving the "wrong cell type" which inhibits periodontal tissue regeneration.
Activated K-ras is involved in regulation of integrin expression in human colon carcinoma cells (2000)

Integrins participate in controlling proliferation and migration. Therefore, changes in integrin expression might be responsible for unrestrained proliferation and invasiveness of tumor cells. Alterations of integrin subunit expression have been observed in human colon carcinoma, especially loss or reduction of the alpha5 subunit, which was observed consistently. The mechanisms responsible for reduction of alpha5 expression and alteration of expression of other integrins are not fully understood. Circumstantial evidence from previous investigations points to an involvement of activated ras oncogenes in repression of integrin expression. The K-ras protooncogene is activated by point mutation in 50% of human colon carcinomas. Thus, we choose an antisense approach for specific inactivation of activated K-ras in the human colon carcinoma cell line SW 480 in order to test whether activated K-ras contributes to changes in integrin expression on colon carcinoma cells. Cell surface expression of the alpha1 and the alpha5 subunit was increased in K-ras antisense transfected clones, cell surface expression of the alpha3 subunit and the alphav subunit was decreased. This shows, in a human system, that activated K-ras is involved in diminishing cell surface expression of the alpha1beta1 collagen/laminin receptor and the alpha5beta1 fibronectin receptor, both of which are implicated in maintenance of a non-transformed phenotype. Moreover, activated K-ras contributes to increased cell surface expression of the alpha3beta1 laminin/collagen/fibronectin receptor and the alphavbeta5 vitronectin receptor, which might play a role in metastatic behavior of tumor cells.
Chemosensitivity and Stratification by a Five Monoclonal Antibody Immunohistochemistry Test in the NSABP B14 and B20 Trials (2008)

Immunohistochemistry using five monoclonal antibodies assigns breast cancer patients to a risk index that was significantly associated with clinical outcome among the estrogen receptor-expressing, node-negative tamoxifen-treated patients. It seems that the test may be able to identify patients who have greater absolute benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy compared with unstratified patient populations. Exploratory analysis suggests that this test will be most useful in clinical decision making for postmenopausal patients.
[Antimicrobial and sporicidal efficacy of various disinfectant solutions]. (1995)

The often indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents has led to increased bacterial resistance over the past years. This phenomenon is above all evident in nosocomial environments but also at a community level. It is therefore important that, in addition to the rational use of antibiotics, an accurate prophylaxis is performed which includes the correct use of disinfectants. This study examines the antimicrobial activity of various commercially available disinfectant solutions consisting of one or more active ingredients. An analysis of the results reveals that products consisting of an association of individual components (quaternary ammonium chloride with o-phenylphenol and/or isopropyl alcohol; chlorhexidine with benzalkonium chloride or with diazolidinylurea and isopropanol) demonstrate a greater efficacy in terms of microbicidal concentration and contact times.
Quantitative Determination of Rod-Pump Leakage With Dynamometer Techniques (1990)

Summary This paper describes new methods for quantifying pump leakage that extend the effectiveness of dynamometer analysis and can lessen the dependence on well tests in determining the degree of pump leakage. Actual examples are included to illustrate the techniques. Traveling- and standing-valve leakage checks are also described.
Chemische synthese verzweigter polysaccharide, 5. Kopplung von oligosacchariden und amylose an verschiedene träger durch hydrazonbindung (1978)

Abstract The coupling of glucose and maltooligomers by hydrazone linkage to carriers by means of acid hydrazide groups was investigated. The following carriers were used: (1) linear polymers such as (a) poly(ethylene glycol) with carboxymethyl (CM) end groups, (b) CM‐amylose and CM‐cellulose, 6‐COOH amylose and 6‐COOH cellulose, pectic acid, alginic acid, poly(acrylic acid); (2) multifunctional centers such as (c) CM‐cyclodextrin, 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid, crosslinked poly(acrylamide) (BIO‐GEL). The hydrazone linkage which is formed preferably in borate buffer at pH 8,5 was stable above pH 6 and could be split by mild acid treatment at pH 4. Maltooligomeric grafts of degree of polymerization DP ≧ 4 may be extended enzymatically by phosphorolytic synthesis to amylose chains of variable length. Primer activity of the bound maltooligomers for phosphorylase was obviously not hindered by the hydrazone linkage, by free hydrazide groups, or by synthetic polymers as carriers. ABA‐Block copolymers may be derived from(a), comb‐like molecules from (b), and different kinds of star‐like molecules from (c).