gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Reduction of Steroids by Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Reduction of Steroids by Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation1Carl Djerassi and J. GutzwillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 19, 4537–4538Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00971a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00971a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phase 1 Study of 4 Live, Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus Towne/Toledo Chimeric Vaccines (2006)

The Towne/Toledo chimeric vaccine candidates were well tolerated and did not cause systemic infection. Additional human trials are warranted to further evaluate the potential of these vaccine candidates as live virus vaccines.
Anaphora in a Wider Context: Tracking Discourse Referents (1996)

Abstract. A number of linguistic and stylistic devices are employed in text-based discourse for the purposes of introducing, defining, re-fining, and re-introducing discourse entities. This paper looks at one of the most pervasive of these mechanisms, anaphora, and addresses the question of how current computational approaches to anaphora scale up to building, and maintaining, a richer model of text struc-ture, which embodies the notion of a discourse referent’s behaviour in the entire text. Given the less than fully robust status of syntac-tic parsers to date, we question the applicability of current anaphora resolution algorithms to open-ended text types, styles, and genres. We outline an algorithm for anaphora resolution, which modifieds and extends a configurationally-based approach, while working from the output of a part of speech tagger, enriched only with annotations of grammatical function. Without compromising output quality, the algorithm compensates for the shallower level of analysis with mech-
Radioimmunohistochemistry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Breast Cancer (2002)

To elucidate the role of EGFR or other growth factor receptors in breast cancer requires accurate, sensitive receptor assays. With its dynamic range, R-IHC returned meaningful results over the entire range of expression actually present in breast cancer, which LB assays and IHC failed to do.
Repair of Rat Sciatic Nerve Gap by a Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffold Added with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

Tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs), typically consisting of a neural scaffold included with support cells and/or growth factors, represent a promising alternative to autologous nerve grafts for surgical repair of large peripheral nerve gaps. Here, we developed a new design of TENGs by introducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rats, as support cells, into a silk fibroin (SF)-based scaffold, which was composed of an SF nerve guidance conduit and oriented SF filaments as the conduit lumen filler. The biomaterial SF had been tested to possess good biocompatibility and noncytoxicity with MSCs before the TENG was implanted to bridge a 10-mm-long gap in rat sciatic nerve. Functional and histological assessments showed that at 12 weeks after nerve grafting, TENGs yielded an improved outcome of nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which was better than that achieved by SF scaffolds and close to that by autologous nerve grafts. During 1–4 weeks after nerve grafting, MSCs contained in the TENG significantly accelerated axonal growth, displaying a positive reaction to S-100 (a Schwann cell marker). During 1–3 weeks after nerve grafting, MSCs contained in the TENG led to gene expression upregulation of S100 and several growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor). These results suggest that the cell behaviors and neurotrophic functions of MSCs might be responsible for their promoting effects on peripheral nerve regeneration.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Cyclic Anhydrides. Part 19. Heterocyclisation of Maleic Anhydride Derivatives with Thiourea: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted‐2‐ imino‐4‐oxo‐1,3‐thiazolidines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti–PD-L1 efficacy (2015)

T cell infiltration of solid tumors is associated with favorable patient outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying variable immune responses between individuals are not well understood. One possible modulator could be the intestinal microbiota. We compared melanoma growth in mice harboring distinct commensal microbiota and observed differences in spontaneous antitumor immunity, which were eliminated upon cohousing or after fecal transfer. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA identified Bifidobacterium as associated with the antitumor effects. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium alone improved tumor control to the same degree as programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-specific antibody therapy (checkpoint blockade), and combination treatment nearly abolished tumor outgrowth. Augmented dendritic cell function leading to enhanced CD8(+) T cell priming and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment mediated the effect. Our data suggest that manipulating the microbiota may modulate cancer immunotherapy.
A Configurable Enhanced T/sup 2/RAM Macro for System-Level Power Management Unified Memory (2006)

TTRAM can provide high speed, low power and high density with CMOS compatible SOI process. However it is difficult to handle as the unified memory required for advanced SoC because it needs the simple control sensing operation for memory compiler, higher cell efficiency, and lower voltage operation for dynamic frequency and voltage control. The enhanced TTRAM (ET <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> RAM) can solve these issues and the key technologies provide 0.5V memory operation, compact and higher sensitivity sense amplifier, and programmable multi-bank array
Potentiation of rifampicin, rifampicin analogs, and tetracycline against animal cells by amphotericin B and polymyxin B. (1973)

Summary The membrane-active antibiotics amphotericin B and polymyxin B enhanced the action of rifampicin, rifampicin analogs, and tetracycline against macromolecular synthesis and growth of mouse L-cells, human HeLa cells, and KB cells in tissue culture. The specificities of the second agents were maintained in that rifampicin inhibited RNA synthesis and tetracycline inhibited protein synthesis.
Power frequency fields promote cell differentiation coincident with an increase in transforming growth factor-?1 expression (1999)

Recent information from several laboratories suggest that power frequency fields may stimulate cell differentiation in a number of model systems. In this way, they may be similar to pulsed electromagnetic fields, which have been used therapeutically. However, the effects of power frequency fields on phenotypic or genotypic expression have not been explained. This study describes the ability of power frequency fields to accelerate cell differentiation in vivo and describes dose relationships in terms of both amplitude and exposure duration. No change in proliferation or cell content were observed. A clear dose relationship, in terms of both amplitude and duration of exposure, was determined with the maximal biological response occurring at 0.1 mT and 7-9 h/day. Because this study was designed to explore biological activity at environmental exposure levels, this exposure range does not necessarily define optimal dosing conditions from the therapeutic point of view. This study reports the stimulation by power frequency fields of transforming growth factor-beta, an important signalling cytokine known to regulate cell differentiation. The hypothesis is raised that the stimulation of regulatory cytokines by electromagnetic fields may be an intermediary mechanism by which these fields have their biological activity.
First Total Synthesis of the Re-Type Lipopolysaccharide (2001)

Three sequential efficient glycosylation reactions starting from D-glucosamine were used in the first total synthesis of Escherichia coli Re lipopolysaccharide, which is one of the most simple lipopolysaccharides found on the surface of living bacteria.
Evaluation and application of denaturing HPLC for mutation detection in Marfan syndrome: Identification of 20 novel mutations and two novel polymorphisms in theFBN1gene (2002)

Mutations in the human fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1) cause the Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder. Knowledge about FBN1 mutations is important for early diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling. However, mutation detection in FBN1 is a challenge because the gene is very large in size ( approximately 200 kb) and the approximately 350 mutations detected so far are scattered over 65 exons. Conventional methods for large-scale detection of mutations are expensive, technically demanding, or time consuming. Recently, a high-capacity low-cost mutation detection method was introduced based on denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). To assess the sensitivity and specificity of this method, we blindly screened 64 DNA samples of known FBN1 genotype exon-by-exon using exon-specific DHPLC conditions. Analysis of 682 PCR amplicons correctly identified 62 out of 64 known sequence variants. In three MFS patients of unknown FBN1 genotype, we detected two mutations and eight polymorphisms. Overall, 20 mutations and two polymorphisms are described here for the first time. Our results demonstrate 1) that DHPLC is a highly sensitive (89-99%, P = 0.05) method for FBN1 mutation detection; but 2) that chromatograms with moderate and weak pattern abnormalities also show false positive signals (in all 45-59%, P = 0.05); 3) that the difference in the chromatograms of heterozygous and homozygous amplicons is mostly independent of the type of sequence change; and 4) that DHPLC column conditions, additional base changes, and the amounts of injected PCR products influence significantly the shape of chromatograms. A strategy for FBN1 mutation screening is discussed.
Past, Present, and Future Directions for Defining Optimal Treatment Outcome in Depression (2003)

During the past decade, evidence from research on mood disorders has demonstrated that remission is the optimal outcome of treatment. However, there continues to be considerable variability in the specific characteristics that are accepted as indicators of remission. Increasing knowledge of mood disorders and their underlying mechanisms may allow for the development of a new diagnostic and assessment system that no longer is based solely on symptoms and other descriptive phenomena. Continued advances in neuroscience may allow for more knowledge of the underlying neurobiological status and more accurate assessments of the underlying disease state and response to treatment, thus enabling physicians to use treatments that will most effectively bring patients back to euthymia and a truly disease-free healthy state. Until then, remission should continue to be based on the descriptive and experiential phenomena of symptoms and psychosocial functioning.
Pretargeted immunoscintigraphy: effect of hapten valency on murine tumor uptake. (1992)

A method of radioimmunoscintigraphy using bivalent "Janus" haptens with an apparent enhanced affinity ("avidity") for the antibody is described. Janus with 50 micrograms pretargeted Mab WC3A11 resulted in significantly higher murine tumor concentrations (approximately 7%/g) compared to monovalent haptens (approximately 1.4%/g, p < 0.001), and the same high tumor-to-background ratios (approximately 3/1). Janus was synthesized by coupling two molecules of BABE together with a 1,4 butanedithiol linker. Janus itself was rapidly excreted (T1/2b = 42 min) by the kidneys and did not concentrate in any other organs or tissues. Three-step pretargeted immunoscintigraphy (binder, chaser, tracer) with 111In- or 67Ga-Co(III) Janus produced excellent mouse tumor images in 3 hr with high tumor-to-background ratios. The use of short-lived tracers, such as 99mTc and 68Ga, with a T1/2p of hours to image antibodies that localize slowly over several days in vivo is accessible with this new technology.
New Aspects of the Maillard Reaction in Foods and in the Human Body (1990)

Abstract The reactions that occur during the cooking, baking, and preservation of foods of all kinds are of great importance for the production of aroma, taste, and color. However, more recently it has been shown that these reactions may be accompanied by a reduction in nutritive value and the formation of toxic compounds. For these reasons, the very complex reactions between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of amino acids or proteins, known as non‐enzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, have again caught the interest of chemists. The Maillard reaction came to be seen in a new light as it was realized that it actually occurred in the human body. As a general rule, the longer the half‐life of a protein, the larger the amount of its Maillard products found, i.e., important factors are the ‘age’ or persistence of the protein in the body and the glucose concentration, particularly in diabetics. Many of the symptoms developed by diabetics resemble those of premature aging, which leads to the possibility that glucose, because of its reactivity towards proteins, is fundamentally involved in the normally slow progress of aging.
[Cloning and identification of human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene]. (2002)

The gene fragment encoding ht-PA was successfully cloned, which lays a foundation for further study and artificial modification of this gene.
Molecular basis of cisplatin resistance in human carcinomas: model systems and patients. (1990)

In this review, cisplatin resistance will be summarized. We will discuss characteristics of potential mechanisms of resistance in tissues from patients with ovarian, colon and breast carcinoma. Secondly, a new molecular biology assay will be discussed which detects changes in gene expression in cisplatin-resistant cells. Finally, based on the biochemical and molecular properties of cisplatin-resistant tumors, new strategies to exploit or circumvent cisplatin resistance in human tumors will be entertained.
Advances in Nuclear Oncology: Microspheres for Internal Radionuclide Therapy of Liver Tumours (2002)

Liver metastases cause the majority of deaths from colorectal cancer, and response to chemotherapy and external radiotherapy is poor. An alternative is internal radionuclide therapy using (90)Y labeled microspheres. These microspheres are very stable and have a proven efficacy in the field of treatment of primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. Whilst these glass spheres showed encouraging results in patients, their high density is a serious drawback. Currently, other materials with lower densities and other radioisotopes are being investigated in order to optimize this promising new therapy. Three major radiolabeled microsphere materials, viz. glass, resin-based and polymer-based, are now available for therapy or are being tested in animals. In this review the preparation, stability and degradation of these spheres are discussed.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer (2012)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in several cancers such as colon, prostate, and breast carcinomas, with a correlation between CTC number and patient prognosis being established by independent research groups. The detection and enumeration of CTCs, however, is still a developing field, with no universal method of detection suitable for all types of cancer. CTC detection in lung cancer in particular has proven difficult to perform, as CTCs in this type of cancer often present with nonepithelial characteristics. Moreover, as many detection methods rely on the use of epithelial markers to identify CTCs, the loss of these markers during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in certain metastatic cancers can render these methods ineffective. The development of personalized medicine has led to an increase in the advancement of molecular characterization of CTCs. The application of techniques such as FISH and RT-PCR to detect EGFR, HER2, and KRAS abnormalities in lung, breast, and colon cancer, for example, could be used to characterize CTCs in real time. The use of CTCs as a 'liquid biopsy' is therefore an exciting possibility providing information on patient prognosis and treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the state of CTC detection today, with particular emphasis on lung cancer, and discusses the future applications of CTCs in helping the clinician to develop new strategies in patient treatment.
The Effect of pH on β2 Adrenoceptor Function (2000)

The transition of rhodopsin from the inactive to the active state is associated with proton uptake at Glu(134) (1), and recent mutagenesis studies suggest that protonation of the homologous amino acid in the alpha(1B) adrenergic receptor (Asp(142)) may be involved in its mechanism of activation (2). To further explore the role of protonation in G protein-coupled receptor activation, we examined the effects of pH on the rate of ligand-induced conformational change and on receptor-mediated G protein activation for the beta(2) adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR). The rate of agonist-induced change in the fluorescence of NBD-labeled, purified beta(2)AR was 2-fold greater at pH 6.5 than at pH 8, even though agonist affinity was lower at pH 6.5. This biophysical analysis was corroborated by functional studies; basal (agonist-independent) activation of Galpha(s) by the beta(2)AR was greater at pH 6.5 compared with pH 8.0. Taken together, these results provide evidence that protonation increases basal activity by destabilizing the inactive state of the receptor. In addition, we found that the pH sensitivity of beta(2)AR activation is not abrogated by mutation of Asp(130), which is homologous to the highly conserved acidic amino acids that link protonation to activation of rhodopsin (Glu(134)) and the alpha(1B) adrenergic receptor (Asp(142)).
Prolonged Use of Propranolol Safely Decreases Cardiac Work in Burned Children (1997)

Propranolol has been shown to be effective for as long as 5 days in massively burned children to reduce heart rate and cardiac work. This article describes the use of propranolol given for 10 days to burned children to test whether the drug remains effective and safe in reducing heart rate and cardiac work for longer periods. We prospectively studied 22 children, 1 to 10 years of age with burns covering > or = 40% of their total body surface area. These children were treated with 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg propranolol given orally or intravenously every 8 hours for 10 days. In both septic and nonseptic patients, propranolol significantly decreased their daily average heart rate (between 10% and 13%, p < 0.05) and rate-pressure product (between 10% and 16%, p < 0.05) compared with their 24-hour mean before propranolol treatment. No significant change in mean arterial blood pressure, or plasma urea nitrogen creatinine or glucose levels could be shown. No hypotension, hypothermia, azotemia, hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, arrhythmia, bronchospasm, or peripheral ischemia was noted during or after treatment. Whereas propranolol lowered heart rate more per milligram per kilogram body weight when given intravenously, both routes were safe and effective. From these data, we conclude that propranolol can be given to decrease the work of the heart safely and effectively for > or = 10 days.
Buried bit-line cell for 64 Mb DRAMs (1990)

The authors propose a buried bit-line (BBL) stacked capacitor cell structure for high-density dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). The cell area can be reduced to as small as 8.7 <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> is the lithographic feature size. A 2.25-μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell area is achieved using a 0.51-μm feature size. A 1.4-μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> cell area is attainable using a 0.4-μm feature size. The memory-cell vertical size (2 <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> ) includes a line and space for a trench isolation pattern in which the buried bit-line is formed. The horizontal size (4 <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> + <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</e1> ) includes two word-line line and space pairs and a word-line to bit-line contact alignment tolerance denoted by <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</e1> . A storage node contact is self-aligned to the word-line. Since the <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</e1> is considered to be less than <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> /2, a cell area of less than 9 <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is realized. If the bit-line contact is also self-aligned to the word-line, an 8 <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell area can in theory be realized
Pluripotent genes in avian stem cells (2012)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first isolated in 1981 in the mouse from the in vitro proliferation of the inner cell mass of a 3.5 days post-coitum (dpc) blastocyst. Later on, epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) were identified from in vitro culture of the epiblast of a 6.5 dpc mouse embryo, leading to the concept of naïve and primed stem cells. Among non-mammalian species, ES cells have been characterized both in birds and fish; here, we focus on cells derived from chicken and the pluripotent associated markers such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and KLF, previously identified in mammalian cells. In this review, we present both published and original data regarding the involvement of those pluripotent associated genes in the ES cells and early embryo of chicken.