gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Breast MR Imaging Part 2. Clinical Applications (2007)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is emerging as the most sensitive modality that is currently available for the detection of primary or recurrent breast cancer. Although this technique has been shown to be an extremely powerful diagnostic tool, it is still relatively rarely used in clinical practice, as compared with other applications of MR imaging such as for musculoskeletal or brain and spine imaging. This is the second of a two-part series on the current status of breast MR. Part two provides an overview of the use of breast MR imaging in clinical patient care, the body of evidence that supports its use. A discussion is provided on the many controversies that exist regarding breast MR imaging for preoperative staging and for screening.
Application level hand-off support for mobile media transcoding sessions (2002)

Media transcoding can be used to enable mobile devices that have low resolution and low bit-rate capabilities to access content created for stationary, desktop clients with high bandwidth connections. By deploying transcoding servers near the edge of a large network, it becomes possible to support clients with multiple resolutions, while limiting the bandwidth requirements in the core network.
N‐terminal amino acid sequence of a major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen (Cry j I) (1988)

A purified preparation of a major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, sugi basic protein (SBP, Cry j I), was separated into 5 subfractions of 50-45 kDa. All of the SBP subfractions were confirmed to be reactive to IgE antibodies from patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis, and also to mouse anti-SBP monoclonal antibodies. The sequences of 20 N-terminal amino acids of these 5 subfractions were found to be identical. Peptide mapping analyses of the SBP subfractions showed similar patterns, with some differences which might in part be due to the existence of an N-linked carbohydrate chain. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of SBP was identical to the reported sequence of an allergen of mountain cedar which vegetated in North America.
Homogeneous immunoconjugates for boron neutron-capture therapy: Design, synthesis, and preliminary characterization (1998)

The application of immunoprotein-based targeting strategies to the boron neutron-capture therapy of cancer poses an exceptional challenge, because viable boron neutron-capture therapy by this method will require the efficient delivery of 10(3) boron-10 atoms by each antigen-binding protein. Our recent investigations in this area have been focused on the development of efficient methods for the assembly of homogeneous immunoprotein conjugates containing the requisite boron load. In this regard, engineered immunoproteins fitted with unique, exposed cysteine residues provide attractive vehicles for site-specific modification. Additionally, homogeneous oligomeric boron-rich phosphodiesters (oligophosphates) have been identified as promising conjugation reagents. The coupling of two such boron-rich oligophosphates to sulfhydryls introduced to the CH2 domain of a chimeric IgG3 has been demonstrated. The resulting boron-rich immunoconjugates are formed efficiently, are readily purified, and have promising in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Encouragingly, these studies showed subtle differences in the properties of the conjugates derived from the two oligophosphate molecules studied, providing a basis for the application of rational design to future work. Such subtle details would not have been as readily discernible in heterogeneous conjugates, thus validating the rigorous experimental design employed here.
Real-time fur over arbitrary surfaces (2001)

Article Share on Real-time fur over arbitrary surfaces Authors: Jerome Lengyel Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile , Emil Praun Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJView Profile , Adam Finkelstein Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJView Profile , Hugues Hoppe Microsoft Research Microsoft ResearchView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '01: Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsMarch 2001 Pages 227–232https://doi.org/10.1145/364338.364407Online:01 March 2001Publication History 82citation1,909DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations82Total Downloads1,909Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Secondary Structure of the 3′ Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus Minus-Strand RNA (2002)

The 3'-terminal ends of both the positive and negative strands of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, the latter being the replicative intermediate, are most likely the initiation sites for replication by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B. The structural features of the very conserved 3' plus [(+)] strand untranslated region [3' (+) UTR] are well established (K. J. Blight and C. M. Rice, J. Virol. 71:7345-7352, 1997). However, little information is available concerning the 3' end of the minus [(-)] strand RNA. In the present work, we used chemical and enzymatic probing to investigate the conformation of that region, which is complementary to the 5' (+) UTR and the first 74 nucleotides of the HCV polyprotein coding sequence. By combining our experimental data with computer predictions, we have derived a secondary-structure model of this region. In our model, the last 220 nucleotides, where initiation of the (+) strand RNA synthesis presumably takes place, fold into five stable stem-loops, forming domain I. Domain I is linked to an overall less stable structure, named domain II, containing the sequences complementary to the pseudoknot of the internal ribosomal entry site in the 5' (+) UTR. Our results show that, even though the (-) strand 3'-terminal region has the antisense sequence of the 5' (+) UTR, it does not fold into its mirror image. Interestingly, comparison of the replication initiation sites on both strands reveals common structural features that may play key functions in the replication process.
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer: the right targets and combinations (2008)

Metastatic prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA. There are currently limited chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, docetaxel is the only approved chemotherapeutic agent that has been able to show a survival advantage. There have been several trials of other chemotherapeutics that have not been able to show a survival advantage, and this led to greater toxicity. As different molecular targets are discovered, there are opportunities for targeted therapies for metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, exploration of targeted combination therapies has led to further advances. This article reviews some of the recent targets and trials being used in combination therapy for CRPC.
Soil, Plant, and Canopy Responses To Carbonated Irrigation Water (1996)

Scientists have sought to stimulate plant growth using carbonated irrigation water for more than 100 years. The mechanisms by which carbonated water may increase plant productivity and the influence of environmental and cultural growing conditions on those mechanisms are not completely understood. Several greenhouse and field studies have demonstrated that carbonated irrigation water can increase crop yield significantly while others have shown that carbonated irrigation water does not influence plant productivity. It is unlikely that carbonated irrigation water will be recommended commercially until the conditions are delineated under which a positive and economically advantageous growth response is ensured.
Clinical efficacy of meloxicam (Metacam) and flunixin (Finadyne) as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease in fattening cattle. (2004)

The clinical efficacy of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), meloxicam (Metacam 20 mg/ml) and flunixin meglumine (Finadyne), as adjuncts to antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute febrile respiratory disease in cattle was compared. The randomised blind, positive controlled study was conducted under feedlot conditions in Mexico. Overall, 201 female cattle (weighing 220-250 kg) diagnosed with bronchopneumonia at the feedlot were recruited into the study. On Day 0 all animals were treated with 20 mg oxytetracycline/kg body-weight (Bivatop 200) by subcutaneous injection, in conjunction with either meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously, Metacam 20 mg/ml, n = 100), or flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg intravenously, Finadyne, n = 101). According to label instructions, meloxicam was administered as a single dose, whereas flunixin meglumine could be administered daily for up to 3 consecutive days depending on the rectal temperature (with re-administration, if rectal temperature > or = 40.0 degrees C). Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, appetite, dyspnoea, coughing, nasal discharge and general condition were recorded on Days 0 (prior to treatment), 1, 2, 3 and 7 using a weighted numerical score. Scores were summed to generate a 'Clinical Sum Score' (CSS, range 7 to 24 points). Individual animal body weights were measured on Days 0 and 7. Nasal swabs were collected from 10 animals per treatment group on Day 0 for microbiological culture. Clinical parameters and the mean CSS showed no significant differences between treatment groups with mean CSS on Days 0 and 7 of 16.18 and 10.55 in the meloxicam group and 16.41 and 10.88 in the flunixin meglumine group. However, a significantly lower mean rectal temperature was measured in the meloxicam group on Day 2 (p < or = 0.01). No significant differences in mean body weights were found between groups. Repeated administration of flunixin meglumine was performed in 45% of the animals. No suspected adverse drug events related to treatments were reported. It is concluded that a single subcutaneous dose of meloxicam was as clinically effective as up to 3 consecutive daily intravenous doses of flunixin meglumine when used as an adjunctive therapy to antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute febrile respiratory disease in feedlot cattle.
'Sons of Uncle Sam: Have They Grown Up in His Image?' A Comparative Analysis of the Merger Laws and Policies of Australia and the European Union in the Context of US Antitrust Theory (1994)

Merger regulation in Australia and the European Union (EU) has constructed on the building blocks of United States (US) antitrust theory. With more than a hundred years of US antitrust learning, Australian and EU regulators have drawn on this body of knowledge to provide a starting point from which to develop their own regimes and the desire for increased international competitiveness in Australian industry has interpreted as requiring stricter merger laws to enhance competition.
Functional neural transplantation (1994)

In this volume, leading international experts review the present status of all major areas of research in functional neural transplantation. The contributors assess the capacity of neural grafts to repair the structural damage and alleviate the functional consequences of brain damage and neurodegenerative disease. The book begins with detailed coverage of dopamine-rich grafts in parkinsonism, including analyses of the first clinical studies. The authors then review the results of neural grafts in experimental models of cholinergic deficiency, aging, and dementia. Full consideration is given to transplantation strategies used in various neural systems such as the cortex, visual system, hypothalamus, and spinal cord. The final chapter reviews the pharmacological, trophic, and regenerative mechanisms of neural grafts in the brain.
Naive antibody gene-segment frequencies are heritable and unaltered by chronic lymphocyte ablation (2011)

A diverse antibody repertoire is essential for an effective adaptive immune response to novel molecular surfaces. Although past studies have observed common patterns of V-segment use, as well as variation in V-segment use between individuals, the relative contributions to variance from genetics, disease, age, and environment have remained unclear. Using high-throughput sequence analysis of monozygotic twins, we show that variation in naive V(H) and D(H) segment use is strongly determined by an individual's germ-line genetic background. The inherited segment-use profiles are resilient to differential environmental exposure, disease processes, and chronic lymphocyte depletion therapy. Signatures of the inherited profiles were observed in class switched germ-line use of each individual. However, despite heritable segment use, the rearranged complementarity-determining region-H3 repertoires remained highly specific to the individual. As it has been previously demonstrated that certain V-segments exhibit biased representation in autoimmunity, lymphoma, and viral infection, we anticipate our findings may provide a unique mechanism for stratifying individual risk profiles in specific diseases.
Long Non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β (2015)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process hijacked by tumor cells to depart from the primary tumor site, invade surrounding tissue, and establish distant metastases. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has been shown to be a major inducer of EMT and to facilitate breast cancer metastasis. However, the role of lncRNAs in this process remains largely unknown. Here we report a genome-wide lncRNA profile in mouse mammary epithelial NMuMG cells upon TGFβ induction of EMT. Among 10,802 lncRNAs profiled, over 600 were up-regulated and down-regulated during the EMT, respectively. Furthermore, we identify that lncRNA-HIT (HOXA transcript induced by TGFβ) mediates TGFβ function, i.e. depletion of lncRNA-HIT inhibits TGFβ-induced migration, invasion, and EMT in NMuMG. LncRNA-HIT is also significantly elevated in the highly metastatic 4T1 cells. Knockdown of lncRNA-HIT in 4T1 results in decrease of cell migration, invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. E-cadherin was identified as a major target of lncRNA-HIT. Moreover, lncRNA-HIT is conserved in humans and elevated expression associates with more invasive human primary breast carcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that a subset of lncRNAs such as lncRNA-HIT play a significant role in regulation of EMT and breast cancer invasion and metastasis, and could be potential therapeutic targets in breast cancers.
A robust metric for coarse frame and carrier synchronization of OFDM systems (2003)

The paper proposes a fast and reduced complexity frame and carrier acquisition scheme for OFDM systems which assume either a continuous or a burst mode operation in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-selective channels. By exploiting the repetitive structure of a training symbol, a robust frame synchronizer is obtained and shown to resume to finding the peak of a certain correlation metric that is obtained by invoking maximum likelihood principles. A new carrier estimator that can correct frequency offsets by up to two subcarrier spacings is also proposed and achieves the lowest mean-square error among the existing estimators that exploit a similarly structured signaling set-up. The efficiency of the proposed synchronization algorithms is illustrated by both theoretical performance analysis and computer simulations.
PROLONGED ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL BUT NO TOLERANCE INDUCTION BY MODULATING CD28 ANTIBODY JJ319 AFTER HIGH-RESPONDER RAT HEART TRANSPLANTATION1 (1999)

CD28 antibody JJ319 induces profound immunosuppression after rat heart transplantation, however without development of transplant tolerance. The underlying mechanism seems to be receptor modulation during primary alloantigen recognition. While still potentially applicable clinically, there are no qualitative or quantitative differences to the treatment with CTLA-4/lg or the blockade of CD2 or LFA-1, as reported elsewhere. Thus, a CD28-modulating approach seems not to allow therapeutic exploitation of a tolerizing signal delivered by CTLA-4 but may still be clinically applicable, especially in combined immune interventions.
Assay systems for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (1997)

Progress in our understanding of the hematopoietic system as well as novel cellular and molecular biology techniques are increasingly promoting the ex vivo manipulation and therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. For both, development of stem cell therapies and basic hematopoietic research, test systems for hematopoietic stem cells are required to monitor the intrinsic and ex vivo-induced properties of these cells. In vitro assays for primitive hematopoietic cells (colony-forming units-blast, cobblestone area-forming cells, long-term culture-initiating cells [LTC-IC]) have been established which demonstrate the proliferative and differentiation capacities of these populations. The potentials of these assays have been recently enhanced by the extended LTC and the switch LTC modifications. Although some hematopoietic cells characterized in vitro have the multipotential and proliferative properties of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC), their capacity to long-term repopulate hematopoiesis in vivo, a hallmark of PHSC, has not been established. Without this confirmation, populations defined in vitro should not be considered the equivalent of PHSC. In animals, the properties of primitive hematopoietic cells can be systematically analyzed by multiple in vivo assays. Therefore, various strategies have been pursued to develop an animal model for human hematopoiesis. In fetal sheep and immunodeficient mice, the functions of human PHSC are reproduced, and long-term multilineage repopulation capacity and extensive proliferative potential have been demonstrated for xenografted human cells. Thus, both models can be considered stem cell assays and may significantly enhance the study of early hematopoiesis and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Experience-based representation construction: learning from human and robot teachers (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of teaching robots to perform various tasks. We present a behavior-based approach that extends the capabilities of robots, allowing them to learn representations of complex tasks from their own experiences of interacting with a human, and to use the acquired knowledge to teach other robots in turn. A learner robot follows a human or robot teacher and maps its own observations of the environment to its internal behaviors, building at run-time a representation of the experienced task in the form of a behavior network. To enable this, we introduce an architecture that allows the representation and execution of complex and flexible sequences of behaviors and an online algorithm that builds the task representation from observations. We demonstrate our approach in a set of human(teacher)-robot(learner) and robot(teacher)-robot(learner) experiments, in which the robots learn representations for multiple tasks and are able to execute them even in environments with distractor objects that could hinder the learning and the execution process.
Isolation of the yeast regulatory gene GAL4 and analysis of its dosage effects on the galactose/melibiose regulon. (1982)

GAL4 is a classically defined positive regulatory gene controlling the five inducible structural genes of galactose/melibiose utilization in yeast. The positive regulatory function of the GAL4 gene product in turn is controlled by the product of another gene, the negative regulator GAL80. We have cloned a 3.1-kilobase fragment containing GAL4 by homologous complementation using the multicopy chimeric vector YEp24 and demonstrated that multiple copies of GAL4 in yeast have pronounced dosage effects on the expression of the structural genes. Yeast transformed with GAL4-bearing plasmid become constitutive for expression of the galactose/melibiose genes, even in normally repressing (glucose) medium. Multiple copies of the GAL4 plasmid also increase expression of the structural genes in inducing (galactose) medium and can partially overcome the effects of a dominant super-repressor mutant, GAL80S. Using an internal deletion in GAL4, we have demonstrated that these dosage effects are due to overproduction of GAL4 positive regulatory product rather than an effect of the flanking sequences titrating out a negative regulator. These results point to the importance of competitive interplay between the positive and negative regulatory proteins in the control of this system. We have also used the dosage effect of GAL4 plasmid in combination with different GAL4 and GAL80 alleles to create new phenotypes. We interpret these phenotypes as indicating that (i) the repressing effects of glucose, at least in part, are mediated by the product of the negative regulatory gene, GAL80, and (ii) the GAL80 protein may have specific interactions with the control regions of the structural genes.
Automatic geo-registration of maritime video feeds (2008)

We propose an automatic method to geo-register maritime video feeds to satellite images. The method first detects horizon during the day time and apex during the night time for similarity rectification. It then finds water pixels on both satellite images and camera views. Finally, geo-registration is obtained by searching the best orientation where the water masks are matched. The current state-art-of-state video surveillance system benefits with this method by providing situational awareness on maps with physical data including object size, location, and velocity in the world coordinates. Experimental results and applications such as cross camera tracking are demonstrated.
Novel Therapeutic Inhibitors of the c-Met Signaling Pathway in Cancer (2009)

A wide variety of human malignancies exhibit sustained c-Met stimulation, overexpression, or mutation, including carcinomas of the breast, liver, lung, ovary, kidney, and thyroid. Notably, activating mutations in c-Met have been positively identified in patients with a particular hereditary form of papillary renal cancer, directly implicating c-Met in human tumorigenesis. Aberrant signaling of the c-Met signaling pathway due to dysregulation of the c-Met receptor or overexpression of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been associated with an aggressive phenotype. Extensive evidence that c-Met signaling is involved in the progression and spread of several cancers and an enhanced understanding of its role in disease have generated considerable interest in c-Met and HGF as major targets in cancer drug development. This has led to the development of a variety of c-Met pathway antagonists with potential clinical applications. The three main approaches of pathway-selective anticancer drug development have included antagonism of ligand/receptor interaction, inhibition of the tyrosine kinase catalytic activity, and blockade of the receptor/effector interaction. Several c-Met antagonists are now under clinical investigation. Preliminary clinical results of several of these agents, including both monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been encouraging. Several multitargeted therapies have also been under investigation in the clinic and have demonstrated promise, particularly with regard to tyrosine kinase inhibition.