gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saquinavir-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (1999)

Letters21 December 1999Saquinavir-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 DiabetesOren Zimhony, MD and David Stein, MDOren Zimhony, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461 (Zimhony)Jacobi Medical Center; Bronx, NY 10461 (Stein)Search for more papers by this author and David Stein, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461 (Zimhony)Jacobi Medical Center; Bronx, NY 10461 (Stein)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Worsening hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes have been reported in patients taking all of the available protease inhibitors (1). However, hypoglycemia has also been associated with saquinavir use (2, 3).A 49-year-old HIV-infected man taking insulin (Humulin 70/30, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana), 40 U/d, for type 2 diabetes had dizziness 6 weeks after his HIV therapy was changed. A new regimen that included stavudine, 40 mg twice daily; didanosine, 200 mg twice daily; and saquinavir, 1200 mg three times daily, in the form of soft gelatin capsules, was started. Eight weeks after this change, the patient ...References1. Mauss S, Wolf E, Jaeger H. Impaired glucose tolerance in HIV-positive patients receiving and those not receiving protease inhibitors. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:162-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mitsuyasu RT, Skolnik PR, Cohen SR, Conway B, Gill MJ, Jensen PC, et al . Activity of the soft gelatin formulation of saquinavir in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients. NV15355 Study Team. AIDS. 1998;12:F103-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Gill MJ. Safety profile of soft gelatin formulation of saquinavir in combination with nucleosides in a broad patient population [Letter]. NV15182 Study Team. AIDS. 1998;12:1400-2. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461 (Zimhony)Jacobi Medical Center; Bronx, NY 10461 (Stein) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoImpaired Glucose Tolerance in HIV-Positive Patients Receiving and Those Not Receiving Protease Inhibitors Stefan Mauss , Eva Wolf , and Hans Jaeger Impaired Glucose Tolerance in HIV-Infected Patients Zuhayr T. Madhun , Baha M. Arafah , and Grace A. McComsey Metrics 21 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 12Page: 980KeywordsBloodCreatinineGlucoseHIVHypoglycemiaInsulinSafetySafety studiesType 2 diabetesViral load ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Predictive Control for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Enterprise Data Centers (2006)

It is challenging to reduce resource over-provisioning for enterprise applications while maintaining service level objectives (SLOs) due to their time-varying and stochastic workloads. In this paper, we study the effect of prediction on dynamic resource allocation to virtualized servers running enterprise applications. We present predictive controllers using three different prediction algorithms based on a standard auto-regressive (AR) model, a combined ANOVA-AR model, as well as a multi-pulse (MP) model. We compare the properties of the predictive controllers with an adaptive integral (I) controller designed in our earlier work on controlling relative utilization of resource containers. The controllers are evaluated in a hypothetical virtual server environment where we use the CPU utilization traces collected on 36 servers in an enterprise data center. Since these traces were collected in an open-loop environment, we use a simple queuing algorithm to simulate the closed-loop CPU usage under dynamic control of CPU allocation. We also study the controllers by emulating the utilization traces on a test bed where a Web server was hosted inside a Xen virtual machine. We compare the results of these controllers from all the servers and find that the MP-based predictive controller performed slightly better statistically than the other two predictive controllers. The ANOVA-AR-based approach is highly sensitive to the existence of periodic patterns in the trace, while the other three methods are not. In addition, all the three predictive schemes performed significantly better when the prediction error was accounted for using a feedback mechanism. The MP-based method also demonstrated an interesting self-learning behavior
Structural and optical properties of pseudomorphic InxGa1−xN alloys (1998)

Thick (225 nm) InxGa1−xN layers, grown on 5 μm thick GaN, were found by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to be pseudomorphic up to x=0.114. Transmission electron microscopy showed that no misfit or additional threading dislocations were created at the InxGa1−xN/GaN interface. Composition of the overlayers was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and correlated to both the a and c lattice constants from XRD. It was found that Vegard’s law is applicable at these compositions, if the biaxial strain is included. Biaxial strain must also be considered to accurately determine the bowing parameter as shown by optical transmission measurements.
Relationship among NO, the KATPchannel, and opioids in hypoxic pial artery dilation (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO), opioids, and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel activation contribute to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation. NO releasers and cGMP analogs increase opioid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and elicit dilation via KATP channel activation. Opioids themselves also elicit dilation via KATP channel activation. This study was designed to investigate the relationships among the above mechanisms in hypoxic pial artery dilation using newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Cromakalim (10(-8) and 10(-6) M), a KATP agonist, produced dilation that was unchanged by the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10(-6) and 10(-3) M): 13 +/- 1 and 31 +/- 1 vs. 14 +/- 1 and 31 +/- 1% before and after 10(-3) M L-NNA. Cromakalim dilation also was not associated with increased CSF cGMP and was unchanged by the Rp diastereomer of 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, a cGMP antagonist. Glibenclamide (10(-6) M), a KATP antagonist, attenuated hypoxic dilation but hypoxia-associated CSF cGMP release was unchanged: 457 +/- 12 and 935 +/- 30 vs. 458 +/- 11 and 921 +/- 22 fmol/ml. Coadministration of L-NNA with glibenclamide had no further effect on the already diminished hypoxic dilation but blocked the hypoxia-associated rise in CSF cGMP. Cromakalim had no effect on CSF methionine enkephalin: 1,012 +/- 28 and 1,062 +/- 32 pg/ml. These data show that KATP channel agonists do not elicit dilation via NO/cGMP and do not release opioids. NO release during hypoxia also is independent of KATP channel activation. These data suggest that hypoxic dilation results from the sequential release of NO, cGMP, and opioids, which in turn activate the KATP channel.
Formulation and Analytical Development for Low‐Dose Oral Drug Products (2008)

Formulation and analytical development for low-dose oral drug products , Formulation and analytical development for low-dose oral drug products , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Centrosome abnormalities during porcine oocyte aging (2009)

Centrosomes are critically important for maintaining meiotic spindle integrity in the meiosis II (MII) stage where oocytes are arrested in most mammalian species before fertilization takes place. In women of advanced ages or during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, aneuploidy is frequently seen as a result of oocyte aging, which is strongly related to centrosome instability. Abnormal distribution of centrosomes and microtubules has been reported in aging human and mouse oocytes. This study reports the dynamic changes of centrosomes and the microtubule cytoskeleton in porcine oocytes during aging and treatment by caffeine to restore spindle integrity in aging oocytes. We tested the effects of caffeine on the MII spindle with focus on microtubules and on the centrosome proteins gamma-tubulin and NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein). The results revealed that in porcine oocytes aged for 48 hr., centrosomes were absent and spindles became abnormal and disorganized; however, caffeine could prevent these changes or restore centrosome integrity in the meiotic spindle poles and displayed similar MII spindles as those seen in fresh oocytes.
Active Microwave Imaging II: 3-D System Prototype and Image Reconstruction From Experimental Data (2008)

A 3-D microwave imaging system prototype and an inverse scattering algorithm are developed to demonstrate the feasibility of 3-D microwave imaging for medical applications such as breast cancer detection with measured data. In this experimental prototype, the transmitting and receiving antennas are placed in a rectangular tub containing a fluid. The microwave scattering data are acquired by mechanically scanning a single transmit antenna and a single receive antenna, thus avoiding the mutual coupling that occurs when an array is used. Careful design and construction of the system has yielded accurate measurements of scattered fields so that even the weak scattered signals at S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> = -90 dB (or 30 dB below the background fields) can be measured accurately. Measurements are performed in the frequency domain at several discrete frequencies. The collected 3-D experimental data in fluid are processed by a 3-D nonlinear inverse scattering algorithm to unravel the complicated multiple scattering effects and produce high-resolution 3-D digital images of the dielectric constant and conductivity of the imaging domain. Dielectric objects as small as 5 mm in size have been imaged effectively at 1.74 GHz.
Genomic Nucleotide Sequence of a Wild-Type Shrunken-2 Allele of Zea mays (1992)

The maize (Zea mays) endosperm enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, which produces ADP-glucose from ATP and glucose-l-phosphate, is an important enzyme in the synthesis of starch. ADP-glucose arising from the action of this enzyme is the major, if not sole, donor of glucose for starch biosynthesis. The enzyme is composed of two dissimilar subunits encoded by the two unlinked genes, Shrunken-2 (Sh2) and Brittle-2 (Bt2) (1, 2). The enzyme is allosterically activated by 3-phosphoglyceric acid and inhibited by phosphate (3). Although it remains an open question whether these allosteric properties are physiologically relevant or whether they simply reflect the evolutionary history of the two structural genes (4), there does exist, nevertheless, much interest in determining whether genetic modification of this enzyme could lead to increased rates of starch biosynthesis in the maize endosperm. Because endosperm starch content comprises approximately 70% of the dry weight of the seed, alterations in starch biosynthesis would clearly affect corn yield. As a first step toward such experiments, we have isolated and sequenced genomic clones of Sh2. The structure of the gene (Table I, Fig. 1) is based on sequence analysis of three overlapping clones isolated from a Black Mexican Sweet genomic library. Exonic sequences were defined by comparison with the cDNA sequenced previously (2) and further sequencing of cDNAs subsequently isolated. These sequences correct for the fact that the original cDNA contained some non-Sh2 sequences at its extremities. The exonic genomic and cDNA sequences are nearly 100% identical. The few differences may be due to DNA polymorphisms because these clones were isolated from different corn lines. Placement of the start of the first exon is based on primer extension experiments. In the absence of dideoxynucleotides, four major bands, differing by one nucleotide, were observed. In the presence of dideoxynucleotides, the three large bands were seen in all four sequencing tracks. In each case, the largest band occurred at the same distance from the primer. It is unknown whether this reflects heterogeneity within the normal population of Sh2 transcripts or some laboratory artifact. Nevertheless, the start of transcription can be placed within three base pairs.
Dysfunction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Atherosclerosis (2004)

Atherosclerosis is associated with an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations, which represents the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) produced from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Among various mechanisms implicated in the impaired EDR in atherosclerosis, superoxide generated from dysfunctional eNOS has attracted attention. Under conditions in which vascular tissue levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for NOS, are deficient or lacking, eNOS becomes dysfunctional and produces superoxide rather than NO. Experimental studies in vitro have revealed that NO from eNOS constitutes an anti-atherogenic molecule. A deficiency of eNOS was demonstrated to accelerate atherosclerotic lesion formation in eNOS knockout mice. In contrast, eNOS overexpression with hypercholesterolemia may promote atherogenesis via increased superoxide generation from dysfunctional eNOS. Thus, eNOS may have 2 faces in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis depending on tissue BH4 metabolisms. An improved understanding of tissue BH4 metabolisms in atherosclerotic vessels is needed, which would help in developing new strategies for the inhibition and treatment of atherosclerosis.
High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol screening, and myocardial infarction. The Framingham Study. (1988)

The relation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the development of myocardial infarction was examined in 2425 subjects, aged 50 to 79 years, who were enrolled in the Framingham Study from 1969 to 1971. After 12 years of follow-up, men in the bottom three quartiles of HDL-C (less than or equal to 52 mg/dl) experienced a 60% to 70% excess of myocardial infarction as compared to men whose HDL-C levels were higher (p less than 0.05). The effect of HDL-C was especially strong in women. In separate comparisons to the 4th quartile of HDL-C (greater than or equal to 67 mg/dl), the risk of myocardial infarction increased from a fourfold excess in the adjacent 3rd quartile (56 to 66 mg/dl, p less than 0.01) to a nearly sixfold excess in the 1st quartile (less than or equal to 46 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). These results persisted after adjusting for age and other risk factors. In addition, a significant effect of HDL-C remained in subjects who had the lowest concentrations of total cholesterol (less than or equal to 192 mg/dl in men and 211 mg/dl in women) in which 29% had levels of HDL-C (less than or equal to 36 mg/dl in men and 46 mg/dl in women) that were associated with a marked elevation in the incidence of myocardial infarction. We conclude that screening for total cholesterol alone in men and women aged 50 and older may not adequately identify the coronary candidate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Upstream elements required for efficient transcription of a human U6 RNA gene resemble those of U1 and U2 genes even though a different polymerase is used. (1988)

U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by a different polymerase than U1-U5 RNAs, likely to be RNA polymerase III. Transcription from human U6 gene deletion-substitution templates in a HeLa S100 extract delineated the 5' border of a control element lying between 67 and 43 bp upstream from the initiation site. This region matches the location of, and shows considerable sequence similarity with, the proximal control element of U1 and U2 RNA genes, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Transfection of human 293 cells with 5'-flanking deletion-substitution mutants of a U6 maxigene revealed a dominant control element between 245 and 149 bp upstream of the transcription start site. An octamer motif was found in this region in an inverted orientation relative to that of the human U1 and U2 RNA gene enhancers but in the same orientation as a human U4 RNA gene, the transcript of which functions together with U6 RNA in a single small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. The human U2 gene enhancer joined to the U6 maxigene was able to functionally replace the U6 distal control element(s).
Methodology development for predicting subcellular localization and other attributes of proteins (2007)

Facing the explosion of newly generated protein sequences in the postgenomic age, we are challenged to develop computational methods for the fast and accurate identification of their subcellular localization and other attributes. This review summarizes recent methodology developments, with a focus on artificial neural networks, the statistical learning and support vector machine, the fuzzy logic-based algorithm and the evidence-theory-based algorithm, as well as the ensemble classifier approach. Meanwhile, an outline of the use of different descriptors for protein samples is given. In addition, a series of web servers established recently based on various ensemble classifiers are also briefly introduced.
A Novel Presbyopic Correcting Solution using the Light Adjustable Lens (LAL) (2011)

Thirty-five (35) eyes with visually significant cataracts were implanted with Calhoun Vision’s LAL after phacoemulsification cataract extraction. Ten to 21 days after implantation, patients underwent refractive adjustment treatments using the Light Delivery Device (LDD) to correct postoperative hyperopic, myopic, and/or astigmatic refractive errors of up to ± 2.0 D. After a minimum of 2 days, the primary adjustments were either followed by a secondary irradiation procedure to bring the patients to emmetropia or by a near vision treatment that was customized to the patients’ photopic pupil sizes. For those patients that required both a primary and secondary adjustment, the near vision treatment was given a minimum of two days post the secondary adjustment. After all distance and near vision light treatments were completed, the patients were given two lock-in treatments separated by a minimum of two days. The lock-in treatments are necessary to consume all remaining photoactive macromer in the LAL and stabilize the adjusted lens power. Patients were followed up to 4-6 months post-op to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of both the LAL and LDD for the treatment of aphakia and presbyopia.
Characterization of a receptor for macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and related proteins on human and murine cells. (1993)

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) is a potent stem cell inhibitor and a member of a large and expanding family of related cytokines. In an effort to understand the molecular basis of the activities of MIP-1 alpha, we have sought to characterize the cellular receptors for this molecule. Our results demonstrate the presence of abundant MIP-1 alpha receptors on both human and murine cells. The receptor on K562 cells can bind a range of members of the MIP-1 alpha family and may thus be a general MIP-1 alpha family receptor. Murine FDCPmix cells also bind a range of members of this peptide family, although the receptor(s) that they express appear somewhat more selective for peptides capable of displaying stem cell inhibitory properties. The human and murine receptors do not bind members of the related interleukin 8 family of peptides and are thus distinct from the recently cloned interleukin 8 receptor. We suggest that the receptor on the murine cell is a candidate for the receptor responsible for articulating stem cell inhibitory signals following MIP-1 alpha binding.
Augmented Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Atherosclerotic Vessels (1997)

Abstract Vascular endothelium is an important target for gene transfer in atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined gene transfer to normal and atherosclerotic blood vessels from two species, using an organ culture method. Using normal aorta, we determined optimal dose, duration of exposure to adenovirus, and duration of incubation of vessels in tissue culture. Aortas from normal and atherosclerotic monkeys were cut into rings and incubated for 2 hours with a recombinant adenovirus, carrying the reporter gene for β-galactosidase driven by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. After 20 hours of incubation, transgene expression was assessed with a morphometric method after histochemical staining and a chemiluminescent assay of enzyme activity. Expression of β-galactosidase after histochemical staining, expressed as percentage of total cells, was similar in adventitial cells of normal monkeys (21±4%, mean±SE%) and atherosclerotic monkeys (25±12%). Transgene expression in endothelium was higher in atherosclerotic than in normal vessel (53±3% versus 27±7%, P &lt;.05). Chemiluminescent assay indicated greater β-galactosidase activity (2.5±0.6 mU/mg of protein) in the intima and media of atherosclerotic than normal vessels (0.6±0.2 mU/mg of protein, P &lt;.05). Aortas from normal (n=6) and atherosclerotic (n=5) rabbits also were examined. Transgene expression (after histochemical staining) in endothelium was much greater in atherosclerotic than normal rabbits (39±3% versus 9±2%, P &lt;.05) and expression in adventitial cells was similar (normal 23±2%, atherosclerotic 24±4%). Chemiluminescent assay indicated greater β-galactosidase activity (1.2±0.4 mU/mg of protein) in the intima and media of atherosclerotic than normal vessels (0.2±0.1 mU/mg protein, P &lt;.05). These findings suggest that an adenoviral vector with a CMV promoter provides similar transgene expression in adventitia of both normal and atherosclerotic vessels. Gene transfer to the endothelium was much more effective in atherosclerotic than in normal vessels. Thus it may be possible to achieve greater transgene expression in atherosclerotic than in normal arteries.
Gene conversion and deletion frequencies during double-strand break repair in human cells are controlled by the distance between direct repeats (2005)

Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA double-strand breaks and maintains genome stability. HR between linked, direct repeats can occur by gene conversion without an associated crossover that maintains the gross repeat structure. Alternatively, direct repeat HR can occur by gene conversion with a crossover, or by single-strand annealing (SSA), both of which delete one repeat and the sequences between the repeats. Prior studies of different repeat structures in yeast and mammalian cells revealed disparate conversion:deletion ratios. Here, we show that a key factor controlling this ratio is the distance between the repeats, with conversion frequency increasing linearly with the distances from 850 to 3800 bp. Deletions are thought to arise primarily by SSA, which involves extensive end-processing to reveal complementary single-strands in each repeat. The results can be explained by a model in which strand-invasion leading to gene conversion competes more effectively with SSA as more extensive end-processing is required for SSA. We hypothesized that a transcription unit between repeats would inhibit end-processing and SSA, thereby increasing the fraction of conversions. However, conversion frequencies were identical for direct repeats separated by 3800 bp of transcriptionally silent or active DNA, indicating that end-processing and SSA are not affected by transcription.