gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum power point tracking for building integrated photovoltaic ventilation systems (2002)

The objective of this project was to design a device to optimize the interface of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) array with ventilation fans. The developed device tracks the maximum power point of the BIPV array and limits the output voltage to the level required by the fans. The purpose of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is to automatically match the current and voltage characteristics of the load to the BIPV array's maximum power point at any given illumination. To accomplish this a unique switch mode buck converter was used. The available power from the PV array is a total of approximately 2.5 kW. The two PV sub-arrays supply a voltage up to 220 VDC each and have a maximum power point voltage of 169 VDC. The load consists of two sets of six 133 W, 90 VDC ventilation fans. The device also has a soft-start circuit on board to start the motors slowly to avoid excessive current requirements from the array. This unit achieves efficiencies above 93%.
Eculizumab reduces complement activation, inflammation, endothelial damage, thrombosis, and renal injury markers in aHUS (2015)

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a genetic, life-threatening disease characterized by uncontrolled complement activation, systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and vital organ damage. We evaluated the effect of terminal complement blockade with the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab on biomarkers of cellular processes involved in TMA in patients with aHUS longitudinally, during up to 1 year of treatment, compared with in healthy volunteers. Biomarker levels were elevated at baseline in most patients, regardless of mutational status, plasma exchange/infusion use, platelet count, or lactate dehydrogenase or haptoglobin levels. Eculizumab reduced terminal complement activation (C5a and sC5b-9) and renal injury markers (clusterin, cystatin-C, β2-microglobulin, and liver fatty acid binding protein-1) to healthy volunteer levels and reduced inflammation (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1), coagulation (prothrombin fragment F1+2 and d-dimer), and endothelial damage (thrombomodulin) markers to near-normal levels. Alternative pathway activation (Ba) and endothelial activation markers (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) decreased but remained elevated, reflecting ongoing complement activation in aHUS despite complete terminal complement blockade. These results highlight links between terminal complement activation and inflammation, endothelial damage, thrombosis, and renal injury and underscore ongoing risk for systemic TMA and progression to organ damage. Further research regarding underlying complement dysregulation is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01194973.
A Concise Review of the Epidemiology and Diagnostics of Rickettsioses: Rickettsia and Orientia spp (2018)

Rickettsioses are globally distributed and caused by the family <i>Rickettsiaceae</i>, which comprise a diverse and expanding list of organisms. These include two genera, <i>Rickettsia</i> and <i>Orientia</i> Serology has been traditionally the mainstay of diagnosis, although this has been limited by cross-reactions among closely related members and diminished sensitivity/utility in the acute phase of illness. Other techniques, such as nucleic acid amplification tests using blood specimens or tissue swabs/biopsy specimens, sequencing, and mass spectrometry, have emerged in recent years for both pathogen and vector identification. This paper provides a concise review of the rickettsioses and the traditional and newer technologies available for their diagnosis.
Equilibrium and irreversible unzipping of DNA in a nanopore (2005)

We study the unzipping dynamics of individual DNA hairpins using nanopore force spectroscopy at different voltage ramp rates and temperatures. At high ramp rates the critical unzipping voltage is proportional to log , where is the voltage ramp. At low ramp values we observe a crossover to another regime with a weaker dependence on . Here we report on the dependence of these two regimes on temperature. Remarkably, the unzipping kinetics can be well described by a simple two-states model that predicts the existence of two asymptotic regimes: quasi-equilibrium unzipping at low-voltage ramps and irreversible unzipping at high ramp rates.
Borning: Pmere Laltyeke Anwerne Ampe Mpwaretyeke ; Congress Alukura by the Grandmother's Law: A Report prepared by the Central Australian Aboriginal Congress. (1987)

We have lived by our strong Grandmother's Law for a long time now. Our Law has been violated since the white man came. Our babies die. Our women are shamed. We have no choice but to tell our story. We regret making known to all our sacred women's business. We talk in whispers about this Law. Now it is in bold print. When you have read this story, you will know our shame and our sadness. And you will know why we want our Congress Alukura for our children's children. We appeal to the funding bodies and the Australian public to read our story and help us implement the recommendations which have been strongly voiced by many hundreds of Aboriginal women in Central Australia. We want healthy babies and we want our Law. We thank Dr Neal Blewett for his consistent support throughout this research program. We also thank Janet Layton and Andrea Larkins, from the Commonwealth Department of Health, and Pat Turner from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs (Alice Springs) for their advice and support. We remind you that the United Nations has declared 1975-19.85 the International Decade for Women. The women are waiting for this Congress Alukura.
Type I IFN as a Natural Adjuvant for a Protective Immune Response: Lessons from the Influenza Vaccine Model (2002)

The identification of natural adjuvants capable of selectively promoting an efficient immune response against infectious agents would represent an important advance in immunology, with direct implications for vaccine development, whose progress is generally hampered by the difficulties in defining powerful synthetic adjuvants suitable for clinical use. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous type I IFN is necessary for the Th1 type of immune response induced by typical adjuvants in mice and that IFN itself is an unexpectedly powerful adjuvant when administered with the human influenza vaccine, for inducing IgG2a and IgA production and conferring protection from virus challenge. The finding that these cytokines, currently used in patients, are necessary for full expression of adjuvant activity and are sufficient for the generation of a protective immune response opens new perspectives in understanding the basis of immunity and in vaccine development.
Sheep vibrissa dermal papillae induce hair follicle formation in heterotypic skin equivalents (1994)

Cultured skin equivalents were constructed by combining keratinocytes, outer root sheath cells or isolated epidermis, in vitro, with a matrix composed of collagen and cultured fibroblasts. When equivalents were grafted on to host animals, the epidermis thickened considerably, and tongues of cells penetrated the dermis, giving the dermal/epidermal junction a deeply sculptured profile. No cutaneous appendages were found in these grafts. We explored the possibility of inducing hair follicles by incorporating ovine hair follicle dermal papillae into constructs composed of an isolated epidermal sheet and a contracted dermal equivalent. In vitro, no morphogenetic changes associated with follicle formation were observed in the recombinants, but when grafted on to nude mice, follicle-like structures were identified. The follicles were large, and had developed adjacent to the epidermis, indicating that the matrix environment of the induced follicles may not have been compatible with the downgrowth of the epidermal plugs normally observed during follicle formation in living skin. Nevertheless, in histological sections, the induced structures displayed many of the morphological characteristics of follicles in vivo, including the production of keratinized hairs. These results indicate that skin equivalents provide a useful model for the study of the chemical and structural features of matrices that facilitate hair follicle development.
PDGF‐BB released in tendon repair using a novel delivery system promotes cell proliferation and collagen remodeling (2007)

The purpose of this study was to promote fibroblast proliferation and collagen remodeling in flexor tendon repair through sustained delivery of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The release kinetics of PDGF-BB from a novel fibrin matrix delivery system was initially evaluated in vitro. After the in vivo degradation rate of the fibrin matrix was determined using fluorescently tagged fibrin, PDGF-BB was delivered to the site of flexor tendon repair in vivo in a canine model. The effect of PDGF-BB on intrasynovial tendon healing was studied using histology-based assays (cell density, proliferation, and type I collagen expression) and by measuring total DNA levels and reducible collagen crosslink levels. The fibrin matrix delivery system provided sustained release of PDGF-BB in vitro at a rate modulated by the ratio of heparin to growth factor. In vivo, the fibrin matrix remained at the repair site for more than 10 days. Delivery of PDGF-BB led to a qualitative increase in cell density, cell proliferation, and type I collagen mRNA expression. PDGF-BB also led to statistically significant increases in total DNA (20% increase at 7 days, 18% increase at 14 days) and reducible collagen crosslinks (30% increase at 7 days). Sustained delivery of growth factors may be achieved using a novel fibrin-based delivery system. PDGF-BB delivery increased cell proliferation and matrix remodeling and thus may accelerate flexor tendon healing.
Single-track handshake signaling with application to micropipelines and handshake circuits (2002)

Single-track handshake signaling is using the same wire for request and acknowledge signaling. After each 2-phase handshake the wire is back in its initial state. A sequence of three protocol definitions suggests both a design method for single-track circuits and a trade-off between their robustness and their cost/performance. Single-track handshake signaling is applied to micropipelines and to handshake circuits, including a successful redesign of an existing rate-converter IC. The practical merits are not yet clear, but may include improved performance.
Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase (1999)

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are preformed plant defense compounds with sporadic phylogenetic distribution. They are thought to have evolved in response to the selective pressure of herbivory. The first pathway-specific intermediate of these alkaloids is the rare polyamine homospermidine, which is synthesized by homospermidine synthase (HSS). The HSS gene from Senecio vernalis was cloned and shown to be derived from the deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) gene, which is highly conserved among all eukaryotes and archaebacteria. DHS catalyzes the first step in the activation of translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is essential for eukaryotic cell proliferation and which acts as a cofactor of the HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein. Sequence comparison provides direct evidence for the evolutionary recruitment of an essential gene of primary metabolism (DHS) for the origin of the committing step (HSS) in the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Total synthesis of a gene for bovine rhodopsin. (1986)

To carry out systematic structure-function studies of bovine rhodopsin by specific amino acid replacements, we have accomplished the total synthesis of its gene, which is 1057 base pairs long. The synthetic gene contains 28 unique restriction sites that are on the average 60 base pairs apart. Replacement of specific restriction fragments by synthetic counterparts containing the desired nucleotide changes permits specific mutagenesis in all parts of the gene. The synthesis of the gene involved enzymatic joining of a total of 72 synthetic oligonucleotides, 15-40 nucleotides long, to form DNA duplexes. The total gene was assembled from three synthetic fragments that were cloned. All synthetic oligonucleotides were characterized by 5'-end analysis, and the accuracy of the joining reactions was confirmed by sequencing the three fragments as well as the complete gene.
Sequence analyses and evolutionary relationships among the energy‐coupling proteins enzyme I and HPr of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: Sugar phosphotransferase system (1993)

We have previously reported the overexpression, purification, and biochemical properties of the Bacillus subtilis Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) (Reizer, J., et al., 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9158-9169). We now report the sequencing of the ptsI gene of B. subtilis encoding Enzyme I (570 amino acids and 63,076 Da). Putative transcriptional regulatory signals are identified, and the pts operon is shown to be subject to carbon source-dependent regulation. Multiple alignments of the B. subtilis Enzyme I with (1) six other sequenced Enzymes I of the PTS from various bacterial species, (2) phosphoenolpyruvate synthase of Escherichia coli, and (3) bacterial and plant pyruvate: phosphate dikinases (PPDKs) revealed regions of sequence similarity as well as divergence. Statistical analyses revealed that these three types of proteins comprise a homologous family, and the phylogenetic tree of the 11 sequenced protein members of this family was constructed. This tree was compared with that of the 12 sequence HPr proteins or protein domains. Antibodies raised against the B. subtilis and E. coli Enzymes I exhibited immunological cross-reactivity with each other as well as with PPDK of Bacteroides symbiosus, providing support for the evolutionary relationships of these proteins suggested from the sequence comparisons. Putative flexible linkers tethering the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains of protein members of the Enzyme I family were identified, and their potential significance with regard to Enzyme I function is discussed. The codon choice pattern of the B. subtilis and E. coli ptsI and ptsH genes was found to exhibit a bias toward optimal codons in these organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Attacks against process control systems (2011)

In the last years there has been an increasing interest in the security of process control and SCADA systems. Furthermore, recent computer attacks such as the Stuxnet worm, have shown there are parties with the motivation and resources to effectively attack control systems.
Transcriptional effects in GH3 cells of Gs alpha mutants associated with human pituitary tumors: stimulation of adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate response element-binding protein-mediated transcription and of prolactin and growth hormone promoter activity via protein kinase A (1995)

Somatic mutations of the alpha-subunit of Gs (Gs alpha) have been detected previously at high frequency in human PRL- and/or GH-producing pituitary tumors. To test whether these mutants are responsible for the increased production of these hormones, we used transient cotransfection assays to analyze their genomic effects in GH3 rat pituitary cells. We first show that guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-deficient Gs alpha subunits (mutated at amino acid 201 or 227) stimulate transcription from a reporter construct bearing the consensus cAMP response element (CRE; TGACGTCA). Using GAL4-CRE-binding protein fusion constructs, we further show that this stimulatory effects of Gs alpha on the CRE is probably mediated by the transacting factor CRE-binding protein. Then, in experiments using a reporter gene driven by the human promoters for either the PRL (position -250 to 18) or GH (position -500 to 13) genes, we show that these mutant Gs alpha subunits stimulate expression driven by either the PRL or GH promoter. Finally, we show that a dominant inhibitory mutant of cAMP-dependent kinase (protein kinase A) completely blocks the ability of these Gs alpha mutants to stimulate the activity of either the PRL or GH promoter, implying that GTPase-deficient Gs alpha subunits stimulation of the activities of these promoters is mediated entirely via the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. Taken together, these results imply that activation of this pathway by the GTPase-deficient mutants found in human pituitary tumors stimulates the expression of PRL and GH genes. The transcriptional effects exerted via this pathway may thus provide a basis for the secretory phenotype and endocrine disorders associated with these tumors.
Human Robot Collaboration: An Augmented Reality Approach—A Literature Review and Analysis (2007)

Future space exploration will demand the cultivation of human-robotic systems, however, little attention has been paid to the development of human-robot teams. Current methods for autonomous plan creation are often complex and difficult to use. So a system is needed that enables humans and robotic systems to naturally and effectively collaborate. Effective collaboration takes place when the participants are able to communicate in a natural and effective manner. Grounding, the common understanding between conversational participants, shared spatial referencing and situational awareness, are crucial components of communication and collaboration. This paper briefly reviews the fields of human-robot interaction and Augmented Reality (AR), the overlaying of computer graphics onto the real worldview. The strengths of AR are discussed and how they might be used for more effective human-robot collaboration is described. Then a description of an architecture that we have developed is given that uses AR as a means for real time understanding of the shared spatial scene. This architecture enables grounding and enhances situational awareness, thus laying the necessary groundwork for natural and effective human-robot collaboration.
Regulation of the Plasmodium Motor Complex (2012)

The interaction between the C-terminal tail of myosin A (MyoA) and its light chain, myosin A tail domain interacting protein (MTIP), is an essential feature of the conserved molecular machinery required for gliding motility and cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites. Recent data indicate that MTIP Ser-107 and/or Ser-108 are targeted for intracellular phosphorylation. Using an optimized MyoA tail peptide to reconstitute the complex, we show that this region of MTIP is an interaction hotspot using x-ray crystallography and NMR, and S107E and S108E mutants were generated to mimic the effect of phosphorylation. NMR relaxation experiments and other biophysical measurements indicate that the S108E mutation serves to break the tight clamp around the MyoA tail, whereas S107E has a smaller but measurable impact. These data are consistent with physical interactions observed between recombinant MTIP and native MyoA from Plasmodium falciparum lysates. Taken together these data support the notion that the conserved interactions between MTIP and MyoA may be specifically modulated by this post-translational modification.
Images of War in Greece and Rome: Between Military Practice, Public Memory, and Cultural Symbolism (2003)

Wars were once considered to be the essence of world history, but under the influence of social history, the histoire des mentalités, and the discourse of the ‘cultural turn’ their role has changed fundamentally. More interest is now paid to wars as part of cultural history than as highpoints of histoire événementielle.Historians of the present generation stand in an ambivalent relation to the phenomenon of war. The ‘cultural turn’ in historical studies has generally focused on anthropological phenomena that are part of general human experience — love and death, body and soul, memory and hope, customs and emotions, mentality and ideologies. These phenomena, which are conceived as driving forces in history, are at the same time parts of the contemporary cultural furniture of those scholars who study their changing aspects as objects of research. The phenomenon of war, however, for the majority of contemporary historians and other observers in Europe and North America, has become a distant spectacle. So, what do we really know about war? And what do we want to know about war?
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics: existing capabilities and future directions (2012)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is emerging as a broadly effective means for identification, characterization, and quantification of proteins that are integral components of the processes essential for life. Characterization of proteins at the proteome and sub-proteome (e.g., the phosphoproteome, proteoglycome, or degradome/peptidome) levels provides a foundation for understanding fundamental aspects of biology. Emerging technologies such as ion mobility separations coupled with MS and microchip-based-proteome measurements combined with MS instrumentation and chromatographic separation techniques, such as nanoscale reversed phase liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, show great promise for both broad undirected and targeted highly sensitive measurements. MS-based proteomics increasingly contribute to our understanding of the dynamics, interactions, and roles that proteins and peptides play, advancing our understanding of biology on a systems wide level for a wide range of applications including investigations of microbial communities, bioremediation, and human health.
Preclinical Enantioselective Pharmacology of (R)‐ and (S)‐ Ketorolac (1998)

Many of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are marketed as racemic mixtures, composed of (R)- and (S)- enantiomers. Racemic NSAIDs are potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors only through the action of the (S)- enantiomers, as the (R)- enantiomers do not exhibit COX inhibition. However, the (R)- enantiomer of ketoprofen exhibits potent analgesic activity and minimal ulcerogenic potential. To extend these observations, we examined the (R)- and (S)- enantiomers of RS- ketorolac, (S)- ketorolac exhibited potent COX1 and COX2 enzyme inhibition, whereas (R)- ketorolac was > 100-fold less active on both COX subtypes. Both enantiomers did not affect norepinephrine or serotonin uptake sites, and nitric oxidase or lipoxygenase activities, nor did they demonstrate any affinity for opioid receptors (mu, delta, or kappa). In experimental models, (S)- ketorolac exhibited about 10-fold greater activity than (R)- ketorolac in the murine phenylquinone writhing model. In this model, morphine sulfate was effective at much lower doses, however, and neither (R)- nor (S)- ketorolac showed any morphine-sparing effect. In the rat gait test for analgesia in the foot paw after injection of brewers yeast suspension, neither (R)- nor (S)- ketorolac affected paw volume. However, both provoked changes in gait scores, the (S)- enantiomer being 30-fold more potent than the (R)- enantiomer. A similar reduction was observed with respect to ulcerogenic potential, measured by direct microscopic changes after test conclusion. These findings suggest that (R)- ketorolac may possess analgesic activity that is independent of COX inhibition and may be associated with reduced ulcerogenic potential compared to effects exhibited by (S)- ketorolac.
Recovery circuit for snubber energy in power electronic applications with high switching frequencies (1988)

A simple, reliable circuit is presented that allows snubber energy to be recovered by using a self-oscillating DC-to-DC converter. The applicability of the circuit is experimentally proved in three different types of power converters for electrical drives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>