gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection by Anti-β-Glucan Antibodies Is Associated with Restricted β-1,3 Glucan Binding Specificity and Inhibition of Fungal Growth and Adherence (2009)

Anti-beta-glucan antibodies elicited by a laminarin-conjugate vaccine confer cross-protection to mice challenged with major fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. To gain insights into protective beta-glucan epitope(s) and protection mechanisms, we studied two anti-beta-glucan monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with identical complementarity-determining regions but different isotypes (mAb 2G8, IgG2b and mAb 1E12, IgM). C. albicans, the most relevant fungal pathogen for humans, was used as a model.Both mAbs bound to fungal cell surface and to the beta1,3-beta1,6 glucan of the fungal cell wall skeleton, as shown by immunofluorescence, electron-microscopy and ELISA. They were also equally unable to opsonize fungal cells in a J774 macrophage phagocytosis and killing assay. However, only the IgG2b conferred substantial protection against mucosal and systemic candidiasis in passive vaccination experiments in rodents. Competition ELISA and microarray analyses using sequence-defined glucan oligosaccharides showed that the protective IgG2b selectively bound to beta1,3-linked (laminarin-like) glucose sequences whereas the non-protective IgM bound to beta1,6- and beta1,4-linked glucose sequences in addition to beta1,3-linked ones. Only the protective IgG2b recognized heterogeneous, polydisperse high molecular weight cell wall and secretory components of the fungus, two of which were identified as the GPI-anchored cell wall proteins Als3 and Hyr1. In addition, only the IgG2b inhibited in vitro two critical virulence attributes of the fungus, hyphal growth and adherence to human epithelial cells.Our study demonstrates that the isotype of anti-beta-glucan antibodies may affect details of the beta-glucan epitopes recognized, and this may be associated with a differing ability to inhibit virulence attributes of the fungus and confer protection in vivo. Our data also suggest that the anti-virulence properties of the IgG2b mAb may be linked to its capacity to recognize beta-glucan epitope(s) on some cell wall components that exert critical functions in fungal cell wall structure and adherence to host cells.
Spread and pathogenic characteristics of a G-deficient rabies virus recombinant: an in vitro and in vivo study (2000)

Rabies virus (RV), a highly neurotropic enveloped virus, is known to spread within the CNS by means of axonal transport. Although the envelope spike glycoprotein (G) of cell-free virions is required for attachment to neuronal receptors and for virus entry, its necessity for transsynaptic spread remains controversial. In this work, a G gene-deficient recombinant RV (SAD delta G) complemented phenotypically with RV G protein (SAD delta G+G) has been used to demonstrate the absolute requirement for G in virus transfer from one neuron to another, both in vitro, in neuronal cell cultures (cell line and primary cultures), and in vivo, in murine animal models. By using a model of stereotaxic inoculation into the rat striatum, infection is shown to be restricted to initially infected cells and not transferred to secondary neurons. In mouse as in rat models of infection, the limited infection did not cause any detectable symptoms, suggesting that G-deficient RV recombinants might be valuable as non-pathogenic, single-round vectors for expression of foreign genes.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thieno[3,2-d]- pyrimidinones, Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and Quinazolinones: Conformationally Restricted 17b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (17b-HSD2) Inhibitors (2013)

In this study, a series of conformationally restricted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinones, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and quinazolinones was designed and synthesized with the goal of improving the biological activity as 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors of the corresponding amidothiophene derivatives. Two moderately active compounds were discovered and this allowed the identification of the biologically active open conformer as well as the extension of the enzyme binding site characterisation.
Abscisic acid-responsive sequences from the em gene of wheat. (1989)

We demonstrate that a chimeric gene containing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene linked to a 646-base pair 5' fragment (-554 to +92) from the abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated Em gene from wheat is correctly expressed in transgenic tobacco. We observe high activity only in embryos of mature seeds, and immature seeds cultured on ABA show enhanced expression. Using a rice transient assay, we identify a 260-base pair fragment (-168 to +92) that accounts for the ABA-specific 15-fold to 20-fold increase in GUS expression. A 50-base pair sequence (-152 to -103) fused 5' in either orientation to a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (35S) increases GUS activity threefold in the presence of ABA. Insertion of the Em 5'-untranslated region (+6 to +86) between the 35S promoter and the ATG of GUS results in a 10-fold increase in GUS activity in the absence of ABA. These results suggest the following two functional fragments of the Em 5' region: an ABA response element from -152 to -103 and an element between +6 and +86 that quantitatively increases the ABA response.
Pulsed Yb:fiber system capable of >250kW peak power with tunable pulses in the 50ps to 1.5ns range (2013)

We have demonstrated a pulsed 1064 nm PM Yb:fiber laser system incorporating a seed source with a tunable pulse repetition rate and pulse duration and a multistage fiber amplifier, ending in a large core (&gt;650 &mu;m<sup>2</sup> mode field area), tapered fiber amplifier. The amplifier chain is all-fiber, with the exception of the final amplifier’s pump combiner, allowing robust, compact packaging. The air-cooled laser system is rated for &gt;60 W of average power and beam quality of M<sup>2</sup> &lt; 1.3 at repetition rates below 100 kHz to 10’s of MHz, with pulses discretely tunable over a range spanning 50 ps to greater than 1.5 ns. Maximum pulse energies, limited by the onset of self phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering, are greater than 12.5 &mu;J at 50 ps and 375 &mu;J at 1.5 ns , corresponding to &gt;250 kW peak power across the pulse tuning range. We present frequency conversion to 532 nm with efficiency greater than 70% and conversion to UV via frequency tripling, with initial feasibility experiments showing &gt;30% UV conversion efficiency. Application results of the laser in scribing, thin film removal and micro-machining will be discussed.
Cuando el trigo se cosecha: historia de la creación, trabajo y evolución del Grupo Grana en Costa Rica (2017)

This article reviews the path of Grupo Grana: Taller de Estampa (1997-2000) in Costa Rica. This group of four women, friends, artists, graduates of the Univer-sity of Costa Rica, join an independent group to experiment and communicate through the art prints technique. Sila Chanto, Carolina Córdoba, Marcia Salas and Rebeca Alpízar, join forces to experiment beyond the limits of the graph es-tablished until that moment. As a group, they proposed a different work in which large formats, free and committed to the desire to express and create, predomi-nated. The creation of Grana responded to a reaction to the dominant patriarchal discourse in art and society in general. Consciously it was not defined that its work was feminist, nevertheless it was important that the group was conformed only by women.
A Role for Host Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Cytoskeletal Remodeling during Cryptosporidium parvum Infection (1999)

Cryptosporidium parvum preferentially infects epithelial cells lining the intestinal mucosa of mammalian hosts. Parasite development and propagation occurs within a unique intracellular but extracytoplasmic parasitophorous vacuole at the apical surface of infected cells. Parasite-induced host cell signaling events and subsequent cytoskeletal remodeling were investigated by using cultured bovine fallopian tube epithelial (BFTE) cells inoculated with C. parvum sporozoites. Indirect-immunofluorescence microscopy detected host tyrosine phosphorylation within 30 s of inoculation. At >30 min postinoculation, actin aggregates were detected at the site of parasite attachment by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated phalloidin staining as well as by indirect immunolabeling with monoclonal anti-actin. The actin-binding protein villin was also detected in focal aggregates at the site of attachment. Host cytoskeletal rearrangement persisted for the duration of the parasitophorous vacuole and contributed to the formation of long, branched microvilli clustered around the cryptosporidial vacuole. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) C. parvum infection when BFTE cells were pretreated for 60 min at 37 degreesC prior to inoculation. Similarly, treatment of BFTE cells with the protein kinase inhibitors genistein and staurosporine and the cytoskeletally acting compounds 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazapine, cytochalasin D, and 2,3-butanedione monoxime significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) in vitro infection at 24 h postinoculation. These findings demonstrate a prominent role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity during the early C. parvum infection process and suggest that manipulation of host signaling pathways results in actin rearrangement at the site of sporozoite attachment.
Periodic health examination, 1999 update: 1. Detection, prevention and treatment of obesity. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (1999)

The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care is funded through a partnership between the Provincial and Territorial Ministries of Health and Health Canada.
State-of-the-art EUV materials and processes for the 7nm node and beyond (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL, &lambda; = 13.5 nm) being the most likely candidate to manufacture electronic devices for future technology nodes is to be introduced in high volume manufacturing (HVM) at the 7 nm logic node, at least at critical lithography levels. With this impending introduction, it is clear that excellent resist performance at ultra-high printing resolutions (below 20 nm line/space L/S) is ever more pressing. Nonetheless, EUVL has faced many technical challenges towards this paradigm shift to a new lithography wavelength platform. Since the inception of chemically amplified resists (CARs) they have been the base upon which state-of-the art photoresist technology has been developed from. Resist performance as measured in terms of printing resolution (R), line edge roughness (LER), sensitivity (D or exposure dose) and exposure latitude (EL) needs to be improved but there are well known trade-off relationships (LRS trade-off) among these parameters for CARs that hamper their simultaneous enhancement. Here, we present some of the most promising EUVL materials tested by EUV interference lithography (EUV-IL) with the aim of resolving features down to 11 nm half-pitch (HP), while focusing on resist performance at 16 and 13 nm HP as needed for the 7 and 5 nm node, respectively. EUV-IL has enabled the characterization and development of new resist materials before commercial EUV exposure tools become available and is therefore a powerful research and development tool. With EUV-IL, highresolution periodic images can be printed by the interference of two or more spatially coherent beams through a transmission-diffraction grating mask. For this reason, our experiments have been performed by EUV-IL at Swiss Light Source (SLS) synchrotron facility located at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). Having the opportunity to test hundreds of EUVL materials from vendors and research partners from all over the world, PSI is able to give a global update on some of the most promising materials tested.
Joint interface characteristics of TA1/Q235 clad plates manufactured by accumulative roll-bonding (2008)

A manufacturing process bas titanium ed on the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) technology for TA1/Q235 clad plates was demonstrated. It is found that well-bonded clad plates can be obtained by this process. The bond strength improves as the accumulative deformation and the first pass deformation increase. The surface treatment methods, i.e. rotoblasting and grinding help get a clean, fresh and work-hardening interface, therefore improve the bond strength of TA1/Q235 clad plates. When the rolling temperature is lower than 800 ℃, the stripped microstructure of Q235 steel can be examined. However, when rolling temperature is higher than 850 ℃, this kind of stripped microstructure turns into equiaxed grains due to recrystallization. In addition, there are ferrite belts with regular and coarse grains along the joint interface, but the microstructure of TA1 titanium is mainly equiaxed α and Widmannsttten α structures in metallographic analysis. Considering the microstructures of Q235 steel and TA1 titanium and their bonding properties, the ARB temperature should be controlled in the range of 800 to 850 ℃.
Bis‐Tetrahydrofuran: a Privileged Ligand for Darunavir and a New Generation of HIV Protease Inhibitors That Combat Drug Resistance (2006)

Two inhibitors that incorporate bis-THF as an effective high-affinity P2 ligand for the HIV-1 protease substrate binding site maintain impressive potency against mutant strains resistant to currently approved protease inhibitors. Crystallographic structures of protein–ligand complexes help to explain the superior antiviral property of these inhibitors and their potency against a wide spectrum of HIV-1 strains.
Genetic Reassortment between Two Human Rotaviruses Having Different Serotype and Subgroup Specificities (1986)

Two reassortant viruses were selected from a mixed infection of MA104 cells with human rotavirus strains Wa (serotype 1-subgroup II) and HN126 (serotype 2-subgroup I). Antigenic characterization and genotype analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that they were reassortants with novel antigenic compositions, i.e. serotype 1-subgroup I (C116) and serotype 2-subgroup II (C15). Furthermore one of them, C15, was considered to have a mosaic antigenicity defined by two serotype-specific antigens, namely the serotype 1-specific VP3 antigen and the serotype 2-specific VP7 antigen. Although this reassortant was shown to be a serotype 2 virus on the basis of its preferential reactivity in neutralization reactions with serotype 2 antiserum, unexpectedly the antiserum prepared against C15 equally neutralized both serotype 1 and serotype 2 strains.
Antibiotics in Animal Feeds and Animal Production (1972)

Journal Article Antibiotics in Animal Feeds and Animal Production Get access Thomas H. Jukes Thomas H. Jukes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 22, Issue 9, September 1972, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.2307/1296312 Published: 01 September 1972 Article history Accepted: 09 March 1972 Published: 01 September 1972
Pig Pancreas Anatomy: Implications for Pancreas Procurement, Preservation, and Islet Isolation (2008)

Accounting for the variations in vascular and ductal anatomy, as detailed in this study, will facilitate development of protocols for preservation, optimal enzyme administration, and pancreas distention and digestion, and will ultimately lead to substantial improvements in isolation outcomes.
Gene cloning, nucleotide sequence and biochemical properties of a cytoplasmic cyclomaltodextrinase (neopullulanase) fromAlicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, reclassification of a group of enzymes (2000)

A gene encoding a cyclomaltodextrinase (neopullulanase) was cloned from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius ATCC27009 and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The encoded CdaA protein lacked an N-terminal signal sequence and aligned well with a family of bacterial proteins described as maltogenic alpha-amylases, neopullulanases or cyclomaltodextrinases. Escherichia coli cells harboring the cloned cdaA gene produced a 66-kDa protein that degraded pullulan in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. A. acidocaldarius cells grown on maltose, soluble starch or pullulan synthesized the same protein. Neopullulanase activity of the protein was cytoplasmic and its pH optimum of 5.5 was close to the pH value of the cytoplasm. CdaA degraded cyclomaltodextrins rapidly and pullulan (to panose) more slowly. It is proposed that CdaA functions as a cytoplasmic cyclomaltodextrinase (EC 3.2.1.54).
Cyber–Physical Security of a Smart Grid Infrastructure (2011)

It is often appealing to assume that existing solutions can be directly applied to emerging engineering domains. Unfortunately, careful investigation of the unique challenges presented by new domains exposes its idiosyncrasies, thus often requiring new approaches and solutions. In this paper, we argue that the “smart” grid, replacing its incredibly successful and reliable predecessor, poses a series of new security challenges, among others, that require novel approaches to the field of cyber security. We will call this new field cyber-physical security. The tight coupling between information and communication technologies and physical systems introduces new security concerns, requiring a rethinking of the commonly used objectives and methods. Existing security approaches are either inapplicable, not viable, insufficiently scalable, incompatible, or simply inadequate to address the challenges posed by highly complex environments such as the smart grid. A concerted effort by the entire industry, the research community, and the policy makers is required to achieve the vision of a secure smart grid infrastructure.
Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition by Parthenolide Potentiates the Efficacy of Taxol in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer In vitro and In vivo (2009)

In this study, we have examined the molecular events induced by parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, and explored possible mechanisms of resistance and sensitization of tumor cells to Taxol. We showed that parthenolide could antagonize Taxol-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation and activation and Bcl-xl up-regulation by selectively targeting I-kappaB kinase activity. In A549 cells, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB by parthenolide resulted in activation of the mitochondrial death pathway to promote cytochrome c release and caspase 3 and 9 activation. In contrast, Taxol alone induced apoptosis via a pathway independent of mitochondria cytochrome c cascade. In addition, depletion of Bcl-xl rescued the apoptotic response to Taxol. Moreover, treatment with parthenolide increased the efficacy of the Taxol-induced inhibition of A549 tumor xenografts in mice. This study elucidated the cellular responses induced by parthenolide that decrease the threshold of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Superantigens (1996)

Superantigens are potent modulators of the immune system. Some of their biological and immunological properties are reviewed here with special attention to their potential significance for cutaneous inflammation, specific skin immune responses and skin diseases.
Electroluminescence based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence generated by a spirobifluorene donor–acceptor structure (2012)

An organic light emitting diode based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been produced using a spirobifluorene derivative (Spiro-CN) having the donor-acceptor moieties as an emitter.
Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 in Gastric Cancer Cell Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vessel Maturation (2004)

Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity impairs gastric tumor growth, angiogenesis, and vessel maturation.
Combining Hypoxia and Bioreactor Hydrodynamics Boosts Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Towards Cardiomyocytes (2014)

Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for patient-specific disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. However, existing protocols for CM differentiation of iPSCs besides being highly dependent on the application of expensive growth factors show low reproducibility and scalability. The aim of this work was to develop a robust and scalable strategy for mass production of iPSC-derived CMs by designing a bioreactor protocol that ensures a hypoxic and mechanical environment. Murine iPSCs were cultivated as aggregates in either stirred tank or WAVE bioreactors. The effect of dissolved oxygen and mechanical forces, promoted by different hydrodynamic environments, on CM differentiation was evaluated. Combining a hypoxia culture (4 % O2 tension) with an intermittent agitation profile in stirred tank bioreactors resulted in an improvement of about 1000-fold in CM yields when compared to normoxic (20 % O2 tension) and continuously agitated cultures. Additionally, we showed for the first time that wave-induced agitation enables the differentiation of iPSCs towards CMs at faster kinetics and with higher yields (60 CMs/input iPSC). In an 11-day differentiation protocol, clinically relevant numbers of CMs (2.3 × 10(9) CMs/1 L) were produced, and CMs exhibited typical cardiac sarcomeric structures, calcium transients, electrophysiological profiles and drug responsiveness. This work describes significant advances towards scalable cardiomyocyte differentiation of murine iPSC, paving the way for the implementation of this strategy for mass production of their human counterparts and their use for cardiac repair and cardiovascular research.
The Inhibitory Receptor PD-1 Regulates IgA Selection and Bacterial Composition in the Gut (2012)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential to maintain the symbiotic balance between gut bacterial communities and the host immune system. Here we provide evidence that the inhibitory co-receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) regulates the gut microbiota through appropriate selection of IgA plasma cell repertoires. PD-1 deficiency generates an excess number of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells with altered phenotypes, which results in dysregulated selection of IgA precursor cells in the germinal center of Peyer's patches. Consequently, the IgAs produced in PD-1-deficient mice have reduced bacteria-binding capacity, which causes alterations of microbial communities in the gut. Thus, PD-1 plays a critical role in regulation of antibody diversification required for the maintenance of intact mucosal barrier.
Dominant Autoimmune Epitopes Recognized by Pemphigus Antibodies Map to the N-Terminal Adhesive Region of Desmogleins (2001)

Desmoglein (Dsg) is a cadherin-type adhesion molecule found in desmosomes. Dsg1 and Dsg3 are the target Ags in the autoimmune blistering diseases pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV), respectively. To map conformational epitopes of Dsg1 and Dsg3 in PF and PV, we generated Dsg1- and Dsg3-domain-swapped molecules and point-mutated Dsg3 molecules with Dsg1-specific residues by baculovirus expression. The swapped domains were portions of the N-terminal extracellular domains of Dsg1 (1-496) and Dsg3 (1-566), which have similar structures but distinct epitopes. The binding of autoantibodies to the mutant molecules was assessed by competition ELISAs. Domain-swapped molecules containing the N-terminal 161 residues of Dsg1 and Dsg3 yielded >50% competition in 30/43 (69.8%) PF sera and 31/40 (77.5%) PV sera, respectively. Furthermore, removal of Abs against the 161 N-terminal residues of Dsg1 by immunoadsorption eliminated the ability of PF sera to induce cutaneous blisters in neonatal mice. Within these N-terminal regions, most of the epitopes were mapped to residues 26-87 of Dsg1 and 25-88 of Dsg3. Furthermore, a point-mutated Dsg3 molecule containing Dsg1-specific amino acid substitutions (His(25), Cys(28), Ala(29)) reacted with anti-Dsg1 IgG, thus defining one of the epitopes of Dsg1. Using the predicted three-dimensional structure of classic cadherins as a model, these findings suggest that the dominant autoimmune epitopes in both PF and PV are found in the N-terminal adhesive surfaces of Dsgs.