gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Therapy of Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis with Soluble T1/ST2 (2004)

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltration of the synovium, leading to eventual cartilage and bone destruction. Previously, we have reported that soluble T1/ST2 (sST2), a member of the IL-1R gene family, inhibits LPS-induced macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we report the therapeutic effect of sST2-Fc in the murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. A short term administration of sST2-Fc fusion protein significantly attenuated disease severity compared with controls treated with normal IgG. Histological examination revealed that while control IgG-treated mice developed severe cellular infiltration in the joints, synovial hyperplasia, and joint erosion, this pathology was profoundly reduced in sST2-Fc-treated animals. Treatment of sST2-Fc also down-regulated serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-alpha. Spleen cells from the sST2-Fc-treated mice produced significantly less IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12 compared with cells from the control mice when cultured with collagen in vitro. Finally, pretreatment with ST2-Fc markedly inhibited the ability of human monocytic THP1 cells to release TNF-alpha when cocultured with peripheral blood T cells from rheumatoid patients. Together these results demonstrate that sST2-Fc may provide a novel approach in treating chronic autoimmune conditions by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
Regression of established macroscopic liver metastases after in situ transduction of a suicide gene. (1993)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) converts nontoxic nucleoside analogs such as ganciclovir into phosphorylated compounds that act as chain terminators and specifically kill dividing cells. This property could be exploited for the treatment of tumors that are made up of rapidly dividing cells invading a nonproliferating tissue. For this purpose, specific expression of the suicide gene into dividing tumor cells can be further targeted by using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. We investigated whether the direct intratumoral transduction of a suicide gene might induce the elimination of malignant solid tumors. Rats with established macroscopic liver metastases were given an intratumoral injection of packaging cells producing either HSV1-TK- or lacZ-expressing recombinant retroviral particles. All rats were next treated with ganciclovir. A dramatic regression of the tumor volume was observed in the HSV1-TK-treated animals. The residual tumors were mostly made up of a massive fibrotic reaction, with the mean cancer cell mass being reduced approximately 60-fold compared to controls. In some animals, the residual tumors were devoid of cancer cells. This treatment efficacy appears in part due to a "bystander effect" in which phosphorylated ganciclovir could be transferred from cell to cell and to an active local immune reaction evidenced by massive infiltration of the tumors by macrophages and both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. This efficient therapeutic approach might be an ultimate treatment for disseminated liver metastases in humans and could also be applied to treatment of a large variety of solid tumors.
Quantum Dot‐based Energy Transfer: Perspectives and Potential for Applications in Photodynamic Therapy (2006)

Quantum dots have emerged as an important class of material that offers great promise to a diverse range of applications ranging from energy conversion to biomedicine. Here, we review the potential of using quantum dots and quantum dot conjugates as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The photophysics of singlet oxygen generation in relation to quantum dot-based energy transfer is discussed and the possibility of using quantum dots as photosensitizer in PDT is assessed, including their current limitations to applications in biological systems. The biggest advantage of quantum dots over molecular photosensitizers that comes into perspective is their tunable optical properties and surface chemistries. Recent developments in the preparation and photophysical characterization of quantum dot energy transfer processes are also presented in this review, to provide insights on the future direction of quantum dot-based photosensitization studies from the viewpoint of our ongoing research.
The chemistry of the interstellar medium (1988)

Abstract There has been a dramatic advance in our appreciation of the richness of the molecular component of the interstellar medium, mainly brought about by combining laboratory spectroscopic measurements with radioastronomy search programmes. We now know that vast hordes of molecules lurk deep in the black clouds strewn among the stars of the Galaxy. They range from commonplace small species such as water and carbon monoxide through organic ones such as alcohol and formaldehyde to highly reactive ions and free radicals which are intermediates in the production of more complex molecules. The study of the microwave and infrared signals from these molecules has revealed, for the first time, the intimate details that surround the birth of a star. Some intriguing and rather exotic molecules, consisting primarily of carbon atoms connected in long chains, have also been identified. Not only are these curious molecules to be found in the cold tenuous dark clouds but they are also to be found streaming out of carbon-rich stars into the surrounding interstellar medium. Such stars also appear to be emitting copious quantities of dust. Laboratory experiments, stimulated by these observations, have led to the discovery of the hollow spheroidal carbon molecule, C60 buckminsterfullerene. This discovery has not only provided the key to the mechanism of formation of small carbon particles (such as soot) but also the first detailed understanding of their structure. These processes and the species that result may be directly related to those involved in the formation of the primordial macroscopic particle.
Model of alpha 2-macroglobulin structure and function. (1985)

A model of alpha 2-macroglobulin is presented that is compatible with previous structural, functional, and phylogenetic studies of the protein. The model of the molecule resembles a hollow cylinder and is comprised of two identical functional halves with three C2 axes of symmetry and no mirror planes. The "trap mechanism" of this proteinase inhibitor is effected by slight movement of two trap arms per "half-molecule." Evidence for this model is obtained from the study of the structure and proteinase binding of the molecule. By using this model, predictions are made concerning proteinase binding ratios, receptor recognition, and "slow-to-fast" conformational change of the molecule.
Isolation and characterization of a heptaglycosylceramide from bovine erythrocyte membranes. (1979)

A heptaglycosylceramide was isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes. The structure was characterized to be Gal(alpha 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-NAc(beta 1-4)al(beta 1-4)GlcCer. A hexaglycosylceramide that has the same sequence except for the terminal alpha-galactosyl unit has also been isolated. We have previously found that gangliosides isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes contain a keratan sulfate type repeating unit --[3Gal(beta 1-4)-GlcNAc beta]--n. This study shows that the keratan sulfate type repeating unit is also present in the neutral glycosphingolipids of bovine erythrocyte membranes.
A Bayesian approach to speech feature enhancement using the dynamic cepstral prior (2002)

A new Bayesian estimation framework for statistical feature extraction in the form of cepstral enhancement is presented, in which the joint prior distribution is exploited for both static and frame-differential dynamic cepstral parameters in the clean speech model. The conditional minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator for the clean speech feature is derived using the full posterior probability for clean speech given the noisy observation. The final form of the estimator (for each mixture component) is a weighted sum of the prior information using the static and the dynamic priors separately, and of the prediction using the acoustic distortion model in absence of any prior information. Comprehensive noise-robust speech recognition experiments using the Aurora2 database demonstrate significant improvement in accuracy by incorporating the joint prior, compared with using only the static or dynamic prior and with using no prior.
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: a UK survey of opinion, practice and neuro‐investigation at the end of 2007 (2008)

In the UK in 2007, access to therapeutic hypothermia was widespread although not universal. More than half of responders considered therapeutic hypothermia effective. Fifty-five percent of perinatal networks have the facility to offer therapeutic hypothermia. The involvement of national bodies may be necessary to ensure the adoption of therapeutic hypothermia according to defined protocols and standards; registration is important and will help ensure universal neurodevelopmental follow up.
Theoretical Analysis of Diamond Mechanosynthesis. Part I. Stability of C<SUB>2</SUB> Mediated Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond C(110) Surface (2004)

A theoretical investigation of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth on clean diamond C(110) surfaces from carbon dimer precursors shows that isolated deposited C2 dimers appear stable at room temperature, but a second carbon dimer subsequently chemisorbed in close vicinity to the first can adopt one of 19 local energy minima, five of which require barriers � 0.5 eV to reach the global minimum and, thus, constitute stabilized defects. Three chemisorbed C2 dimers can adopt one of 35 local minimum energy structures, 10 of which are stable defects located in deep potential energy wells. The number of potential defects increases with the number of deposited carbon dimers, which suggests an isolated rather than clustered growth mechanism in CVD on bare diamond C(110). These results also provide information regarding outcomes of the misplacement of a carbon dimer and establish constraints on the required dimerplacement positional precision that would be needed to avoid the formation of stable defects during diamond surface growth.
Mechanisms that control knox gene expression in the Arabidopsis shoot (2000)

Knotted1-like homeobox (knox) genes are expressed in specific patterns within shoot meristems and play an important role in meristem maintenance. Misexpression of the knox genes, KNAT1 or KNAT2, in Arabidopsis produces a variety of phenotypes, including lobed leaves and ectopic stipules and meristems in the sinus, the region between lobes. We sought to determine the mechanisms that control knox gene expression in the shoot by examining recessive mutants that share phenotypic characteristics with 35S::KNAT1 plants. Double mutants of serrate (se) with either asymmetric1 (as1) or asymmetric2 (as2) showed lobed leaves, ectopic stipules in the sinuses and defects in the timely elongation of sepals, petals and stamens, similar to 35S::KNAT1 plants. Ectopic stipules and in rare cases, ectopic meristems, were detected in the sinuses on plants that were mutant for pickle and either as1 or as2. KNAT1 and KNAT2 were misexpressed in the leaves and flowers of single as1 and as2 mutants and in the sinuses of leaves of the different double mutants, but not in se or pickle single mutants. These results suggest that AS1 and AS2 promote leaf differentiation through repression of knox expression in leaves, and that SE and PKL globally restrict the competence to respond to genes that promote morphogenesis.
Josephson-Junction Qubits (2000)

Among the potential physical implementations of quantum bits (qubits) solid state devices appear most promising for large scale applications and integration in electronic circuits. Devices based on low-capacitance Josephson junctions exploit the coherence of the superconducting state, combined with the possibility to control individual charges by Coulomb blockade effects. The logical states in these systems differ by one Cooper-pair charge. Single- and two-bit operations can be performed by applying a sequence of gate voltages. The phase coherence time is sufficiently long to allow a series of these steps. If, in addition, the strength of the Josephson coupling is controlled (e.g. by currents in SQUID loops) the system is ideal for quantum computation. Recent experiments by Nakamura et al. show the feasibility of this approach. In addition to the manipulations of qubits the resulting quantum state has to be read out. This quantum measurement process can be accomplished by coupling a single-electron transistor (SET) capacitively to the qubit. We investigate the process by analyzing the time-evolution of the density matrix of the coupled system. The measurement process is characterized by three time scales: the dephasing time, which is fast when a dissipative current flows in the SET, a longer ‘measurement time’ needed to read out the signal, and a third, even longer ‘mixing time’, characterizing measurement induced transitions which destroy the information about the initial quantum state. The noise spectrum of the current in the SET displays these time scales and allows their direct observation.
Incorporation of dITP or 7-deaza dGTP during PCR improves sequencing of the product (1993)

Journal Article Incorporation of dITP or 7-deaza dGTP during PCR improves sequencing of the product Get access Herman Dierick, Herman Dierick Center for Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N6. Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuben, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michel Stul, Michel Stul Center for Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N6. Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuben, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wim De Kelver, Wim De Kelver Center for Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N6. Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuben, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Marynen, Peter Marynen * Center for Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N6. Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuben, Belgium * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean-Jacques Cassiman Jean-Jacques Cassiman Center for Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N6. Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuben, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 18, 11 September 1993, Pages 4427–4428, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.18.4427 Published: 11 September 1993 Article history Received: 07 May 1993 Revision received: 26 July 1993 Accepted: 26 July 1993 Published: 11 September 1993
Use of coherent control methods through scattering biological tissue to achieve functional imaging (2004)

We test whether coherent control methods based on ultrashort-pulse phase shaping can be applied when the laser light propagates through biological tissue. Our results demonstrate experimentally that the spectral-phase properties of shaped laser pulses optimized to achieve selective two-photon excitation survive as the laser pulses propagate through tissue. This observation is used to obtain functional images based on selective two-photon excitation of a pH-sensitive chromophore in a sample that is placed behind a slice of biological tissue. Our observation of coherent control through scattering tissue suggests possibilities in multiphoton-based imaging and photodynamic therapy.
[Longitudinal study of bronchial hyperreactivity using the carbachol test with school children]. (1993)

For epidemiological purposes carbachol provocation test--like other unspecific bronchial provocation tests--is inappropriate as a single test to classify individuals as asthmatics.
Modified AIC and Cp in multivariate linear regression (1997)

The Akaike information criterion, AIC, and the Mallows' C p criterion have been proposed as approximately unbiased estimators for their risks or underlying criterion functions. In this paper we propose modified AIC and C P , for selecting multivariate linear regression models. Our modified AIC and modified C p are intended to reduce bias in situations where the collection of candidate models includes both underspecified and overspecified models. In a simulation study it is verified that the modified AIC and modified C p provide better approximations to their risk functions, and better model selection, than AIC and C p .
Characterization of hemopoietic cell populations from human cord blood expressing c-kit. (1993)

Human cord blood or bone marrow cells expressing the CD34 surface antigen include a population of pluripotent progenitors. We identified and isolated a subpopulation of cells coexpressing CD34 and c-kit, a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. Novel monoclonal antibodies (16A6, 14A3, 3D6) directed against the extracellular domain of c-kit were used for immunofluorescence labeling and sorting of low-density mononuclear cells (MNCs) from umbilical cord blood and bone marrow. The frequency of c-kit-labeled MNCs from cord blood (mean 5.0% +/- 2.1%, n = 16) was similar to that from adult bone marrow (mean 3.7% +/- 1.3%, n = 4). On average, 1.4% of CD34-positive cells were recorded in cord blood and 2.1% in bone marrow MNCs. Roughly 60% of CD34-positive cells coexpressed c-kit. The ability of CD34+/c-kit+ cells to form multilineage colonies (CFU-GEMM) was assayed after sorting with an antibody that did not show any significant effect on c-kit ligand (RL) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced colony formation. For CD34+/c-kit+ cells, we found a 20- to 50-fold enrichment as against total MNCs, and a 2-fold enrichment if compared with the CD34+/c-kit-population. To study expression of c-kit in lymphocytic precursors, monoclonal anti-CD7 or anti-CD10 antibodies were used simultaneously. In contrast to CD34-expressing cells, however, no consistent double-labeled subpopulation of lymphocytic cells was detected. Furthermore, coexpression of CD38 (73% +/- 14%, n = 4) or CD33 (29% +/- 12%, n = 5) on a majority of c-kit-positive cells showed their lineage commitment to erythropoiesis and granulocytopoiesis.
Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of human skin in vivo (2000)

Characterization of the biomechanical properties of human skin in vivo is studied both experimentally and by numerical modeling. These properties can be important in the evaluation of skin condition (e.g. aging) as well as skin disorders. In this study the authors focus on the static behavior of the dermis. Important features are stress-strain non-linearity and anisotropy; both are mainly determined by the collagen fiber network present in the dermis. A suitable constitutive model was developed by Lanir (1983). An experimental set-up was developed and used to stretch the skin in vivo. Two pads are attached to the skin which are driven apart during the experiment. The forces and displacements of the pads are measured. A field of markers (6*12) is applied to the skin's surface between the pads. The displacement history of the markers can be determined by image analysis. Both measured forces and displacement histories are input that is used to estimate the unknown material parameters in Lanir's skin model. A numerical simulation model of the experiment (finite element method) is combined with an estimation algorithm (constrained sequential maximum-likelihood approach) to determine estimates of the material parameters. Estimates of the skin parameters could be determined. However the procedure also shows that the skin model applied exhibits modelling errors.
Feedback regulation mediated by Bcl-2 and DARPP-32 regulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor phosphorylation and promotes cell survival (2014)

Bcl-2 interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) and thus prevents InsP3-induced Ca(2+) elevation that induces apoptosis. Here we report that Bcl-2 binds dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), a protein kinase A (PKA)-activated and calcineurin (CaN)-deactivated inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Bcl-2 docks DARPP-32 and CaN in a complex on the InsP3R, creating a negative feedback loop that prevents exaggerated Ca(2+) release by decreasing PKA-mediated InsP3R phosphorylation. T-cell activation increases PKA activity, phosphorylating both the InsP3R and DARPP-32. Phosphorylated DARPP-32 inhibits PP1, enhancing InsP3R phosphorylation and Ca(2+) release. Elevated Ca(2+) activates CaN, which dephosphorylates DARPP-32 to dampen Ca(2+) release by eliminating PP1 inhibition to enable it to dephosphorylate the InsP3R. Knocking down either Bcl-2 or DARPP-32 abrogates this feedback mechanism, resulting in increased Ca(2+) elevation and apoptosis. This feedback mechanism appears to be exploited by high levels of Bcl-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, repressing B-cell receptor-induced Ca(2+) elevation and apoptosis.
CCXXVII.—Strychnine and brucine. Part II (1924)

G. R. Clemo, W. H. Perkin and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1924, 125, 1751 DOI: 10.1039/CT9242501751
Brønsted Acidity in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewBrønsted Acidity in Metal–Organic FrameworksJuncong Jiang*† and Omar M. Yaghi*†§View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States§ King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia*J.J. e-mail: [email protected]*O.M.Y e-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 14, 6966–6997Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2015Publication History Received13 April 2015Published online19 June 2015Published inissue 22 July 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00221https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00221review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15329Altmetric-Citations476LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Acidity,Ammonia,Brønsted acid,Metal organic frameworks,Molecules Get e-Alerts