gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of QTL Associated with Common Bacterial Blight Resistance in Four Different Genetic Backgrounds in Common Bean (1999)

Common bacterial blight (CBB), incited by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye ( Xcp ) is a major problem in bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) producing areas worldwide. Using 128 recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from the common bean cross BAC 6 × HT 7719, RAPD marker locus‐QTL associations were previously described for resistance to two Xcp strains, EK‐11 and Epif‐IV. The objective of this research was to test these candidate marker locus‐QTL associations in three previously untested genetic populations. In addition, RAPD marker locus‐QTL associations were also investigated for resistance to a third Xcp strain, DR‐7, in the first trifoliolate leaves in the original BAC 6 × HT 7719 population. The three genomic regions most significantly associated with CBB resistance in the original BAC 6 × HT 7719 population were significantly associated with CBB resistance in at least two of the three additional populations. The unmapped marker, BC409.1250, was significantly associated with CBB resistance in all four populations and all three Xcp strains, suggesting that this marker might be tightly linked to genes for CBB resistance. The RAPD marker BC409.1250 was converted into a marker that is a robust and reliable PCR‐based marker. Since similar genomic regions were found for resistance to three different Xcp strains, these QTL may be useful for breeding cultivars with a broad range of resistance.
An adaptive algorithm for text detection from natural scenes (2005)

We present a new adaptive algorithm for automatic detection of text from a natural scene. The initial cues of text regions are first detected from the captured image/video. An adaptive color modeling and searching algorithm is then utilized near the initial text cues, to discriminate text/non-text regions. EM optimization algorithm is used for color modeling, under the constraint of text layout relations for a specific language. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of several previous approaches for text detection, and utilizes a focus-of-attention approach for text finding. The whole algorithm is applied in a prototype system that can automatically detect and recognize sign input from a video camera, and translate the signs into English text or voice streams. We present evaluation results of our algorithm on this system.
Blueprints for blood (2002)

Hematopoietic stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal and, through differentiation, populate all the different blood lineages throughout the lifetime of an organism. How self-renewal and differentiation are orchestrated at a molecular level remains poorly understood but
A Thyroid Hormone Analogue, Triiodothyroacetic Acid, Corrects Corticosteroid-Downregulated Collagen Synthesis (2004)

The aim of this study was to compare the change in collagen synthesis between topical treatments with two doses of triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), a thyroid hormone analogue, and placebo, after pretreatment with topical betamethasone 17-valerate (BM). Eighteen healthy volunteers were pretreated with BM on abdominal skin for 3 days, and were then treated for 14 days with a cream containing TRIAC (0.03% or 0.1%) or a placebo cream. Collagen production was assessed by quantifying the amino terminal propeptides of human type I and type III procollagen (PINP and PIIINP) in fluids from suction-induced blisters on the treated skin. Three days of treatment with BM led to an average reduction of PINP of 70% and of PIIINP of 50%. Seven days after treatment, the median increase in PINP was 230% (p = 0.03) in the Triac 0.03% group, 148% (p = 0.2) in the TRIAC 0.1% and 5% in the placebo group. The median increase in PINP in the skin area from the start of treatment to the end of treatment was 521% (p = 0.06) in the TRIAC 0.03% group, 339% (p = 0.2) in the TRIAC 0.1% group, and 55% in the placebo group (the p values are related to baseline). Seven days after treatment, the median increase in PIIINP was 24% (p = 0.6) in the Triac 0.03% group, 23% (p = 0.6) in the TRIAC 0.1% group, and -12% in the placebo group. The median increase in PIIINP in the skin area from the start of treatment to the end of treatment was 137% (p = 0.7) in the TRIAC 0.03% group, 230% (p = 0.9) in the TRIAC 0.1% group and 58% in the placebo group (the p values are related to baseline). Histologic examinations of sections from punch biopsies taken at the end of the treatment showed more thickened collagen fibers and increased density of PINP-producing dermal fibroblasts in the TRIAC groups compared to the placebo group. The result suggests a potential role for TRIAC-containing cream concomitant with anti-inflammatory topical treatment with potent glucocorticoids to prevent their suppressive activity on dermal collagen production.
A unified study of contention-resolution schemes in optical packet-switched networks (2003)

This paper presents a comprehensive study of contention-resolution schemes in a multiwavelength optical packet-switched network. This investigation aims to provide a unified study of a network of optical routers, which include contention resolution in wavelength, time, and space dimensions. Specifically, we show: 1) how to accommodate all three dimensions of contention resolution in an integrated optical router; 2) how the performance of the three dimensions compare with one another; and 3) how various combinational schemes can be designed and how they perform. With the representative architectures and network topologies studied in this paper, the simulation experiment results capture the characteristics of different contention-resolution schemes, and they quantify the upper-bound average offered transmitter load for these schemes. The combinational contention resolution schemes are shown to effectively resolve packet contention and achieve good network performance under light to intermediate load.
Antagonists of integrin alpha v beta 3 inhibit retinal neovascularization in a murine model. (1996)

Integrin alpha v beta 3 is differentially expressed in angiogenic blood vessels in skin granulation tissue, and alpha v beta 3 antagonists inhibit angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes. In this study, we investigated the role of alpha v beta 3 in retinal neovascularization. There was no detectable signal for alpha v beta 3 by immunohistochemistry in normal human retina, but neovascular tissue removed from the surface of the retina of patients with diabetic retinopathy showed intense staining for alpha v beta 3 within the endothelial cells of new blood vessels. In a murine model of oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy, there was intense staining for alpha v beta 3 in endothelial cells participating in neovascularization but no detectable staining in normal retinal blood vessels of adult mice. Synthetic peptides that bind alpha v beta 3 and perturb alpha v beta 3-mediated adhesion in vitro inhibited retinal neovascularization in the murine model when given by intraperitoneal or periocular injections. These data suggest that alpha v beta 3 antagonists may provide a useful adjunct for the treatment of retinal neovascularization.
Desarrollo de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje para promover la autonomía en niños con autismo en las áreas básicas (2010)

Este texto da cuenta del trabajo de investigación que tuvo como propósito la creación de un Objeto Virtual de Aprendizaje con el cual evaluar, mejorar y enriquecer, desde las diferentes áreas básicas, la autonomía de los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales del Liceo de Guilford y Gagné, que se encuentran cursando el grado nivelación de primaria. Se creó un aplicativo de software en el programa Jclic, con el fin de apoyar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con Autismo, en las áreas básicas del currículo, así como apoyarlos en el desarrollo de la autonomía. También se valoró la importancia de la formación teórica, actitudinal y práctica para iniciar o fortalecer procesos de integración e inclusión de personas con Autismo al aula regular. Se logró fortalecer la autonomía de los estudiantes con Autismo, a través de las múltiples ayudas del objeto virtual (auditivas y visuales), consiguiendo, finalmente, que los niños interactúen independientemente con el software (sin ayuda de un adulto), generando un avance para decidir y actuar por sí mismo.
A wideband all-optical WDM network (1996)

We describe some of the results of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sponsored Consortium on Wideband All-Optical Networks in developing architectures, technology components, and applications for the realization of scaleable, wideband, and transparent optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Our architecture addresses all-optical transport over the wide, metropolitan, and local areas. It utilizes wavelength partitioning, routing, and active multiwavelength cross-connect switches to achieve a network that is scaleable in the number of users, data rates, and geographic span. The network supports two services which can be point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint simplex or duplex connections. The A service is a transparent physically circuit-switched service and the B-service is a scheduled time-slotted circuit which is transparent within its time slots. We have developed a 20-channel local and metropolitan area WDM testbed deployed in the Boston area, now undergoing characterization and experimental applications.
Load balancing for conservative simulation on shared memory multiprocessor systems (2000)

Load balancing is a crucial factor in achieving good performance for parallel discrete event simulations. In this paper, we present a load balancing scheme that combines both static partitioning and dynamic load balancing. The static partitioning scheme maps simulation objects to logical processes before simulation starts while the dynamic load balancing scheme attempt to balance the load during runtime. The static scheme involves two steps. First, the simulation objects that contribute to small lookahead are merged together by using a merging algorithm. Then a partitioning algorithm is applied. The merging is needed to ensure a consistent performance for our dynamic scheme. Our dynamic scheme is tailor-made for an asynchronous simulation protocol that does not rely on null messages. The performance study on a supply-chain simulation shows that the partitioning algorithm and dynamic load balancing are important in achieving good performance.
Large‐scale purification and characterisation of a recombinant epidermal growth‐factor receptor protein‐tyrosine kinase (1992)

The human epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGF-R) is a 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the mitogenic response of cells to EGF and transforming growth factor alpha. Culture conditions have been developed for the large-scale expression of the cytoplasmic domain of the EGF-R in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus. From 61 Sf9 cells, grown to high density using a bioreactor, 20 mg of the EGF-R kinase was purified to greater than 95% purity. Purification, which was carried out in the absence of detergents using classical purification methods, yielded an EGF-R protein that was not phosphorylated on tyrosine. This procedure has enabled us to produce high quality enzyme for both structural and biochemical studies on the EGF-R kinase. The in vitro activity of the cytoplasmic domain of the EGF-R kinase was modulated by multiple assay factors which include substrates, divalent cations and conformational modulators. Kinetic analysis in the presence of Mn2+ gave an apparent Vmax value of 20 nmol min-1 mg-1 and Km values of 4.5 microM for ATP and 1.43 mM for angiotensin II. This corresponds to a turnover number of 1.4 mol min-1 mol-1. Ammonium sulfate (1 M) resulted in an eightfold stimulation of kinase activity when assayed using angiotensin II as substrate. The specific activity of the intracellular domain of the EGF-R, when assayed at 20 degrees C in the presence of 1M ammonium sulfate, was 160 nmol min-1 mg-1. Activation of the EGF-R kinase by ammonium sulfate was found to be substrate-specific. No activation was found when assayed using polymeric substrates. Addition of Me(2+)-ATP to the purified enzyme resulted in autophosphorylation and was accompanied by retardation of SDS/PAGE migration. Kinetic constants and metal ion preferences of a number of co-polymers and peptide substrates have been compared. Dramatic differences in kinetic constants were found which were dependent on both the substrate and metal ion used. Activation of EGF-R autophosphorylation was found to be influenced by the use of charged polymers. The random polymer of Glu, Lys, Ala, Tyr (2:5:6:1), which was not phosphorylated by the EGF-R kinase, dramatically activates autophosphorylation of the EGF-R. Thus the intracellular domain of the EGF-R appears to be in a low-activity conformation which, under appropriate assay conditions, can be activated to a similar specific activity to that reported for the purified EGF-R holoenzyme.
High level transient production of recombinant antibodies and antibody fusion proteins in HEK293 cells (2013)

Transient production of recombinant scFv-Fc antibodies in HEK293-6E in combination with optimized vectors and fed batch shake flasks cultivation is efficient and robust, and integrates well into a high-throughput recombinant antibody generation pipeline.
D-ward: source-end defense against distributed denial-of-service attacks (2003)

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are a grave and challenging problem. Perpetration requires little effort on the attacker&amp;apos;s side, since a vast number of insecure machines provides fertile ground for attack zombies, and automated scripts for exploit and attack can easily be downloaded and deployed. On the other hand, prevention of the attack or the response and traceback of perpetrators is extremely difficult due to a large number of attacking machines, the use of source-address spoofing and the similarity between legitimate and attack traffic. Many defense systems have been designed in the research and commercial communities to counter DDoS attacks, yet the problem remains largely unsolved. This thesis explores the problem of DDoS defense from two directions: (1) it strives to understand the origin of the problem and all its variations, and provides a survey of existing solutions, and (2) it presents the design (and implementation) of a source-end DDoS defense system called D-WARD that prevents outgoing attacks from deploying networks. Source-end defense is not the complete solution to DDoS attacks, since networks that do not deploy the proposed defense can still perform successful attacks. However, this thesis shows that a source-end defense (implemented in the D-WARD system) can detect and prevent a significant number of DDoS attacks, does not incur significant cost for its operation, and offers good service to legitimate traffic during the attack. By performing successful differentiation between legitimate and attack traffic close to the source, sour...
Characterization of Linoleic Acid Nitration in Human Blood Plasma by Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Nitric oxide (*NO) is a pervasive free radical species that concentrates in lipophilic compartments to serve as a potent inhibitor of lipid and low-density lipoprotein oxidation processes. In this study, we synthesized, characterized, and detected nitrated derivatives of linoleic acid (18:2) in human blood plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. While the reaction of nitronium tetrafluoroborate with 18:2 presented ions with a mass/charge (m/z) ratio of 324 in the negative ion mode, characteristic of nitrolinoleate (LNO(2)), the reaction of nitrite (NO(2)(-)) with linoleic acid hydroperoxide yielded nitrohydroxylinoleate (LNO(2)OH, m/z 340). Further analysis by MS/MS gave a major fragment at m/z 46, characteristic of a nitro group (-NO(2)) present in the parent ion. This was confirmed by using [(15)N]O(2), which gave products of m/z 325 and 341, that after fragmentation yielded a daughter ion at m/z 47. Moreover, a C-NO(2) structure was also demonstrated in LNO(2)OH by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((15)N NMR, delta 375.9), as well as by infrared analysis in both LNO(2)OH (nu(max) = 3427, 1553, and 1374 cm(-1)) and LNO(2) (nu(max) = 1552 and 1373 cm(-1)). Stable products with m/z of 324 and 340, which possessed the same chromatographic characteristics and fragmentation pattern as synthesized standards, were found in human plasma of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic donors. The presence of these novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid adducts in human plasma could represent "footprints" of the antioxidant action of *NO on lipid oxidation and/or a pro-oxidant and nitrating action of *NO-derived species.
Morphing methods in evolutionary design optimization (2005)

Design optimization is a well established application field of evolutionary computation. However, standard recombination operators acting on the genotypic representation of the design or shape are often too disruptive to be useful during optimization. In this work, we will analyze whether morphing methods between two shapes can be used as recombination operators acting on the phenotype space, thus directly on the shape or design. We introduce three different morphing methods and employ them as recombination operators in a standard evolution strategy (es). We compare their performance with an evolution strategy without any recombination operators on two target shape approximation problem. We can conclude that two of the three morphing methods can be useful during search although all morphing methods still turn out to hinder the self-adaptation of the step sizes of the evolution strategy.
Disinfection of Ocular Cells and Tissues by Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma (2012)

A short application of APCP appears to be an efficient and rapid ocular disinfectant for bacteria and fungi without significant damage on ocular cells and tissues, although the treatment of conjunctival fibroblasts and keratocytes caused a time-restricted generation of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress-related responses.
Initial study of the fabrication of step and flash imprint lithography templates for the printing of contact holes (2004)

Step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL) is an attractive method for printing sub-100-nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes, S-FIL has the advantage of the template being transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. In addition, the imprint process is performed at low pressures and room temperature, minimizing magnification and distortion errors. As a result, it may be possible to use S-FIL to build integrated circuits. The purpose of this work is to investigate the fabrication methods needed to form templates capable of printing sub-100-nm contact holes. A positive resist process is used to image both holes and pillars on the template. After fabrication, the templates are used to print both contacts and pillars. The dense 80-nm imprinted contacts measure 65 nm, a consequence of undersizing on the template. For relaxed pitches, contacts smaller than 30 nm are observed. Pillars as small as 50 nm are also cleanly printed. At 40 nm, pillar size is inconsistent, and missing pillars are evident. Modifications to the template fabrication process will be necessary to study the feasibility of printing even smaller contacts and pillars.
Relationship Between the GSTμGene Deletion and Oxidative Injury in Lupus Nephritis (2002)

Objective: Our purpose was to study the relationship between the glutathione S transferase class μ(GSTμ) gene and the oxidative injury in lupus nephritis(LN). Methods: Nitric oxide (NO),lipid peroxide(LPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH px), and glutathione(GSH) in 51 patients with LN and 40 healthy subjects were determined by using chemical analysis methods. The GSTμ gene were determined by using PCR methods. Results: The levels of NO and LPO in LN group were higher and the levels of SOD,GSH px,and GSH were lower than those of healthy group. Obvious positive correlation was observed between NO and LPO. Obvious negative correlation were observed between NO and SOD,GSH px,GSH .The obvious negative correlations were observed between NO,LPO and complement 3(C 3). Positive correlations were observed between NO,LPO and anti ds DNA,γ glubulin, and also there were positive correlations between SOD,GSH px,GSH and C 3;and negative correlations between SOD,GSH px,GSH and anti ds DNA,γ glubulin.The rate of GSTμ gene deletion in patients with LN was 70.59%,which was significantly higher than that of the controls(47.50%).The level of LPO in patients with LN without GSTμ gene was higher than that of patients with LN with GSTμ gene,and SOD,GSH px,GSH were significantly lower. Conclusion: There are oxidative injury and anti oxidation deletion in patients with LN,which of LN patients without GSTμ gene were more serious than those of LN patients with GSTμ gene. The GSTμ gene may be the marker gene of LN.This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for application of anti oxidation therapy in LN.
Quantitative Study of Magnetization Reversal by Spin-Polarized Current in Magnetic Multilayer Nanopillars (2002)

We have studied magnetic switching by spin-polarized currents and also the magnetoresistance in sub-100-nm-diam thin-film Co/Cu/Co nanostructures, with the current flowing perpendicular to the plane of the films. By independently varying the thickness of all three layers and measuring the change of the switching currents, we test the theoretical models for spin-transfer switching. In addition, the changes in the switching current and magnetoresistance as a function of the Cu layer thickness give two independent measurements of the room-temperature spin-diffusion length in Cu.
Back-illuminated GaN/AlGaN heterojunction photodiodes with high quantum efficiency and low noise (1998)

Back-illuminated GaN/AlGaN ultraviolet (UV) heterojunction photodiodes with high quantum efficiencies are demonstrated. Photovoltaic (zero bias) responsivity of 0.2 A/W at 355 nm was achieved. The improved efficiencies primarily arise from the use of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction in which photons are absorbed within the p-n junction thus eliminates carrier losses due to surface recombination and diffusion processes in previously reported homojunction devices. Very high dark impedance and large visible rejection ratio were obtained. These results indicate high quality GaN/AlGaN interface and efficient photocarrier collection in the photodiode.
High-Efficiency Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR for Amplification of Unknown Flanking Sequences (2007)

Isolation of unknown DNA sequences flanked by known sequences is an important task in molecular biology research. Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) is an effective method for this purpose. However the success rate of the original TAIL-PCR needs to be increased, and it is more desirable to obtain target products with larger sizes. Here we present a substantially improved TAIL-PCR procedure with special primer design and optimized thermal conditions. This high-efficiency TAIL-PCR (hiTAIL-PCR) combines the advantages of the TAIL-cycling and suppression-PCR, thus it can block the amplification of nontarget products and suppress small target ones, but allow efficient amplification of large target sequences. Using this method, we isolated genomic flanking sequences of T-DNA insertions from transgenic rice lines. In our tests, the success rates of the reactions were higher than 90%, and in most cases the obtained major products had sizes of 1-3 kb.