gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroantibody-mediated cytotoxicity: antibody to the high affinity Fc receptor for IgG mediates cytotoxicity by human monocytes that is enhanced by interferon-gamma and is not blocked by human IgG. (1986)

An IgG1 monoclonal antibody, 32.2, raised against the 72,000 dalton monocyte high affinity Fc receptor, was used to examine the role of this receptor in ADCC. This antibody did not inhibit the binding of human IgG1 to monocytes or to the U937 cell line, nor did it block or stimulate their killing of IgG-coated chicken erythrocytes (CE). Whole 32.2 or its Fab fragments were cross-linked to Fab fragments of rabbit anti-CE by using the agent SPDP. The resulting heteroantibodies (32.2 X Fab anti-CE) mediated monocyte and U937 cytotoxicity against CE, whereas an anti-HLA X anti-CE reagent did not. Both FcR expression and heteroantibody-mediated cytotoxicity were increased by culturing monocytes or U937 with IFN-gamma. Although IgG-mediated ADCC was significantly inhibited by 40 micrograms/ml human IgG1, cytotoxicity mediated by 32.2 X Fab anti-CE was not blocked by 2 mg/ml human IgG1, suggesting that such cytotoxicity might not be blocked by IgG in vivo. These data indicate the potential of 32.2 heteroantibodies in analysis of FcR function and in therapy.
Randomized Benchmarking and Process Tomography for Gate Errors in a Solid-State Qubit (2009)

We present measurements of single-qubit gate errors for a superconducting qubit. Results from quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are compared with gate errors obtained from a double pi pulse experiment. Randomized benchmarking reveals a minimum average gate error of 1.1+/-0.3% and a simple exponential dependence of fidelity on the number of gates. It shows that the limits on gate fidelity are primarily imposed by qubit decoherence, in agreement with theory.
On the Origins of High in Vivo Wear Rates in Polyethylene Components of Total Joint Prostheses (1979)

Scanning electron microscope examination of the polyethylene components of 8 total hip and 16 total knee prostheses which had been implanted 4--96 months revealed that in many cases severe wear may not necessarily be caused by the presence of acrylic cement debris or other abrasives. The craters and cracks observed on severely worn surfaces are associated with fusion defects in the plastic itself. The fusion defects were seen to occur as a result of the low temperature necessary to mold ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and are (at least at present) difficult to avoid. As a consequence of the above and variability of molecular weight in this material, relatively wide variations in wear rate should be expected even in the absence of acrylic debris.
A gamma ray imager using clustered non-redundant array coded aperture (2003)

This paper presents the design and initial experimental results of a gamma camera using a coded aperture with clustered non-redundant array pattern. This system is based on the use of 5" position sensitive photomultiplier tube coupled to pixelated BGO array with 2/spl times/2/spl times/10mm/sup 3/ pixels. The PSPMT is readout by the IDEAS VA-MCR system with a costume made front electronic. This gamma camera was designed for imaging gamma rays with a broad energy range. The collimator plate was made of Tungsten of 8 mm thick for reducing the effect of gamma ray penetration. For imaging source objects with a relatively large angular extent and high background, the use of clustered NRA offers great flexibility in aperture design that provides a wide view angle and a controlled data multiplexing. In order to replace the time consuming Monte Carlo simulations, we also presented an analytical method for calculating performance indices, such as pixel-wise signal-to-noise ratio and resolution/variance tradeoffs achievable with different detector designs. This helps to select an approximate aperture for given imaging tasks.
Three dimensional metal micromachining: A disruptive technology for millimeter-wave filters (2012)

The development of silicon based integrated circuits has reached a point where a large portion of an RF system can be integrated onto a single die. However, to create complete RF/millimeter-wave systems, it is necessary to integrate this silicon die with several high performance passive components. Specifically, silicon integrated circuits tend to have limited performance for the design of transmission lines, filters, and antennas. The Polystrata process is a three dimensional metal micromachining process that addresses these weaknesses by providing monolithic fabrication of high performance passives. When applied to filters and upper microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, metal micromachining can provide filter performance comparable with that of waveguide technology but 10-100× smaller. In this presentation, we will provide details of the Polystrata process, and show the performance that can be achieved with filters fabricated using this technology.
An Unusual Nucleoporin-Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acid is Present in the Germ Cells of Rat Testis1 (1994)

An mRNA with a substantial similarity to the rat p62 mRNA that encodes a nucleoporin was cloned from the rat testis. A probe derived from a unique sequence in the nucleoporin-related (NPR) cDNA revealed a novel mRNA of 1.3 kb, different from the 2.7-kb transcript attributed to the p62 gene. This 1.3-kb transcript was not detected in Sertoli cells; it was found primarily in the haploid germ cells of the adult testis. The DNA sequencing revealed that the central region of the NPR cDNA sequence was identical to the 3' portion of the p62 cDNA containing heptad repeat sequences. However, the 5' region and the extreme 3' region of the NPR cDNA sequence were different from the p62 cDNA. Interestingly, the extreme 3' untranslated region (UTR) contained a 212-bp inverted repeat of a sequence located in the middle of the NPR cDNA that is identical to the p62 sequence. The inverted repeats of the NPR sequence could potentially hybridize, leading to the formation of circular transcripts. Using antibodies specific for the C-terminal regions of p62, a 26-kDa protein was detected from NPR cDNA hybrid-arrested translational products, and a 28-kDa protein was detected from the testis germ cell extracts but not from Sertoli cell extracts.
FREE-p: Protecting non-volatile memory against both hard and soft errors (2011)

Emerging non-volatile memories such as phase-change RAM (PCRAM) offer significant advantages but suffer from write endurance problems. However, prior solutions are oblivious to soft errors (recently raised as a potential issue even for PCRAM) and are incompatible with high-level fault tolerance techniques such as chipkill. To additionally address such failures requires unnecessarily high costs for techniques that focus singularly on wear-out tolerance. In this paper, we propose fine-grained remapping with ECC and embedded pointers (FREE-p). FREE-p remaps fine-grained worn-out NVRAM blocks without requiring large dedicated storage. We discuss how FREE-p protects against both hard and soft errors and can be extended to chipkill. Further, FREE-p can be implemented purely in the memory controller, avoiding custom NVRAM devices. In addition to these benefits, FREE-p increases NVRAM lifetime by up to 26% over the state-of-the-art even with severe process variation while performance degradation is less than 2% for the initial 7 years.
Transfection and homologous recombination involving single-stranded DNA substrates in mammalian cells and nuclear extracts. (1986)

We have examined the ability of single-stranded DNA to participate in homologous recombination reactions in mammalian cells and nuclear extracts derived from them. We have inserted a fragment of the neo gene into the single-stranded DNA phage vector M13 mp11. The neo fragment was derived from a deletion derivative of the prokaryotic-eukaryotic shuttle vector pSV2neo. The resulting single-stranded DNA was mixed with a double-stranded deletion derivative of pSV2neo and tested for recombination in human cells, monkey cells, and nuclear extracts obtained from human cells. We were able to obtain recombinant molecules containing wild-type neo genes in all three systems. Examination of the products of recombination indicated that they resulted from correction of the deletion in the double-stranded DNA substrate. We were unable to detect any extensive conversion of single-stranded DNA into its double-stranded counterpart before it participated in the recombination reaction. We have also tested the ability of single-stranded DNA to yield transfectants. When a single-stranded DNA derivative of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene was introduced into mouse L-M(TK-) cells, we were able to obtain TK+ colonies. From these results, we conclude that single-stranded DNA can participate in transfection as well as homologous recombination reactions in mammalian cells.
Correlation Between Type of Adaptive Immune Response Against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Level of Virus Replication (2005)

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) replication is characterized by high variation among infected pigs. This study investigated the role of immunologic responses in causing this variation. Twelve gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated with PCV2. Four of these pigs were treated with cyclosporin A (CysA) to monitor the effect of the adaptive immunity on the development of the PCV2 infection. Through lymph node biopsies at 10, 15, and 21 days postinoculation (DPI), PCV2 replication in lymphoid tissues was monitored. The production of total PCV2-specific and PCV2-neutralizing antibodies was followed, together with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood monocytes as a marker for cellular immunity. In general, the CysA-treated pigs showed the highest PCV2 titers, indicating that the adaptive immunity is necessary to restrain PCV2 replication. Three different PCV2 replication patterns were observed in non-CysA-treated pigs. Pattern 1: In two pigs, PCV2 was not detected. They had the highest neutralizing antibody titers, appearing from 15 DPI. In these pigs a good cellular response was indicated by a peak in IFN-gamma mRNA at 15 DPI. Pattern 2: Five pigs contained low to moderate PCV2 titers at 15 DPI, remaining constant or decreasing towards 21 DPI. Lower neutralizing antibody titers were observed and no rise in IFN-gamma was detected. Pattern 3: In one pig, a low PCV2 titer at 15 DPI dramatically increased toward 21 DPI. Although an antibody response against PCV2 was mounted, no PCV2-neutralizing antibodies were detected. This pig also showed no rise in IFN-gamma. The study findings indicate that variation in the onset of the adaptive immunity may account for variation in PCV2 replication among pigs. Absence of PCV2-neutralizing antibodies may be an important factor in the development of an increased virus replication.
Global gene expression analysis of the shoot apical meristem of maize ( Zea mays L.) (2007)

All above-ground plant organs are derived from shoot apical meristems (SAMs). Global analyses of gene expression were conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) SAMs to identify genes preferentially expressed in the SAM. The SAMs were collected from 14-day-old B73 seedlings via laser capture microdissection (LCM). The RNA samples extracted from LCM-collected SAMs and from seedlings were hybridized to microarrays spotted with 37 660 maize cDNAs. Approximately 30% (10 816) of these cDNAs were prepared as part of this study from manually dissected B73 maize apices. Over 5000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (about 13% of the total) were differentially expressed (P < 0.0001) between SAMs and seedlings. Of these, 2783 and 2248 ESTs were up- and down-regulated in the SAM, respectively. The expression in the SAM of several of the differentially expressed ESTs was validated via quantitative RT-PCR and/or in situ hybridization. The up-regulated ESTs included many regulatory genes including transcription factors, chromatin remodeling factors and components of the gene-silencing machinery, as well as about 900 genes with unknown functions. Surprisingly, transcripts that hybridized to 62 retrotransposon-related cDNAs were also substantially up-regulated in the SAM. Complementary DNAs derived from the LCM-collected SAMs were sequenced to identify additional genes that are expressed in the SAM. This generated around 550 000 ESTs (454-SAM ESTs) from two genotypes. Consistent with the microarray results, approximately 14% of the 454-SAM ESTs from B73 were retrotransposon-related. Possible roles of genes that are preferentially expressed in the SAM are discussed.
A mixed frequency-time approach for distortion analysis of switching filter circuits (1989)

A new efficient mixed frequency-time approach to computing steady-state and intermodulation distortion of switching filters without resorting to macromodeling or the slow-clock approach has been presented. The method works by computing the solution to the differential equation system associated with a circuit for only J clock cycles, where J is the number of coefficients needed in the Fourier series to represent accurately the sequence of initial points in each clock cycle. Thus this method is particularly efficient when the number of coefficients in the Fourier series is many fewer than the number of clock cycles in one input signal period.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 Overexpression in Lung Epithelial Cells Plays a Key Role in Emphysema to Lung Bronchioalveolar Adenocarcinoma Transition (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two diseases that are related to smoking in humans. The molecular mechanism linking these two diseases is poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a member of the MMP family, which can be induced by smoking. Because MMP12 overexpression in epithelial cells has been reported in inflammation-triggered lung remodeling, a murine CCSP-rtTA/(tetO)(7)-MMP12 bitransgenic model was created. In this model, MMP12-Flag fusion protein overexpression and its increased enzymatic activity were observed in the lung in an inducible manner, which led to inflammatory cell infiltration and increased epithelial growth. In sequential events, spontaneous emphysema and bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma were developed as a result of MMP12 overexpression. During this process, the concentration of interleukin-6 was steadily increased in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid, which activated the oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in alveolar type II epithelial cells. Expression of Stat3 downstream genes that are known to stimulate inflammation and tumor formation was significantly increased in the lung. When tested in humans, MMP12 up-regulation was highly associated with COPD and lung cancer in patients. Together, these studies support that MMP12 is a potent proinflammatory and oncogenic molecule. MMP12 up-regulation plays a critical role in emphysema to lung cancer transition that is facilitated by inflammation.
Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides (2005)

Despite identical amino acid composition, differences in class A amphipathic helical peptides caused by differences in the order of amino acids on the hydrophobic face results in substantial differences in antiinflammatory properties. One of these peptides is an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic, D-4F. When given orally to mice and monkeys, D-4F caused the formation of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein (HDL), improved HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, reduced lipoprotein lipid hydroperoxides, increased paraoxonase activity, and converted HDL from pro-inflammatory to antiinflammatory. In apolipoprotein E (apoE)-null mice, D-4F increased reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages. Oral D-4F reduced atherosclerosis in apoE-null and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-null mice. In vitro when added to human plasma at nanomolar concentrations, D-4F caused the formation of pre-beta HDL, reduced lipoprotein lipid hydroperoxides, increased paraoxonase activity, and converted HDL from pro-inflammatory to antiinflammatory. Physical-chemical properties and the ability of various class A amphipathic helical peptides to activate lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in vitro did not predict biologic activity in vivo. In contrast, the use of cultured human artery wall cells in evaluating these peptides was more predictive of their efficacy in vivo. We conclude that the antiinflammatory properties of different class A amphipathic helical peptides depends on subtle differences in the configuration of the hydrophobic face of the peptides, which determines the ability of the peptides to sequester inflammatory lipids. These differences appear to be too subtle to predict efficacy based on physical-chemical properties alone. However, understanding these physical-chemical properties provides an explanation for the mechanism of action of the active peptides.
Comparative study on transduction and toxicity of protein transduction domains (2008)

These findings suggest that macropinocytosis-dependent internalization is a crucial step in PTD-mediated molecular transduction. From the viewpoint of developing effective and safe protein transduction technology, although Tat was the most versatile carrier among the peptides studied, PTDs should be selected based on their individual characteristics.
Bortezomib Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis (2005)

Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the proteasome that is currently under investigation for the treatment of solid malignancies. We have shown previously that bortezomib has activity in pancreatic cancer models and that the drug induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress but also suppresses the unfolded protein response (UPR). Because the UPR is an important cytoprotective mechanism, we hypothesized that bortezomib would sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Here, we show that bortezomib promotes apoptosis triggered by classic ER stress inducers (tunicamycin and thapsigargin) via a c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent mechanism. We also show that cisplatin stimulates ER stress and interacts with bortezomib to increase ER dilation, intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and cell death. Importantly, combined therapy with bortezomib plus cisplatin induced JNK activation and apoptosis in orthotopic pancreatic tumors resulting in a reduction in tumor burden. Taken together, our data establish that bortezomib sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to ER stress-induced apoptosis and show that bortezomib strongly enhances the anticancer activity of cisplatin.
The Development of Camptothecin Analogs in Childhood Cancers (2001)

Camptothecin analogs, agents that target the intranuclear enzyme topoisomerase I, represent a promising new class of anticancer drugs for the treatment of childhood cancer. In preclinical studies, camptothecins, such as topotecan and irinotecan, are highly active against a variety of pediatric malignancies including neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, gliomas, and medulloblastomas. In this paper, we review the status of completed and ongoing clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies of camptothecin analogs in children. These and future planned studies of this novel class of cytotoxic agents are critical to defining the ultimate role of topoisomerase I poisons in the treatment of childhood cancer.
Resynchronization of Separated Rat Cardiomyocyte Fields With Genetically Modified Human Ventricular Scar Fibroblasts (2007)

Forced MyoC gene expression in hVSFs allowed electrical stimulation of these cells and conferred the ability to conduct an electrical impulse at high velocity, which resulted in resynchronization of 2 separated cardiomyocyte fields. Both phenomena appear mediated mainly by MyoC-dependent activation of genes that encode connexins, strongly enforcing intercellular electrical coupling.
Cytoplasmic transfer in assisted reproduction (2001)

This report details the use of cytoplasmic transfer in human oocytes. The introduction of a small amount of ooplasm from a donor oocyte or zygote may alter the function of oocytes, with probable deficiencies. Cytoplasmic transfer from fertile donor oocytes or zygotes into compromised oocytes from patients with recurrent implantation failure after assisted reproduction has now led to the birth of nearly 30 healthy babies worldwide. Transfer of small amounts of cytoplasm probably involves mRNAs, proteins and mitochondria, as well as other factors and organelles. Even though the use of cytoplasmic transfer has been employed in several IVF clinics--and pregnancies have resulted--it is not known definitively whether the physiology of the early embryo is affected. This review outlines the experimental cytoplasmic transfer techniques and postulates the future impact in assisted reproduction.
Production and Isolation of Recombinant Somatomedin C (1987)

High-level production of a growth promoting peptide hormone somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) has been achieved using recombinant DNA techniques in Escherichia coli. We found a new structural protein, designated as LH, to stabilize somatomedin C in vivo, and constructed expression vectors for somatomedin C fusing to LH through a methionine and through a tryptophan, respectively. Each of the fused proteins was produced at approximately 4.5 X 10(5) molecules per single E. coli cell and comprised more than 20% of the total cellular proteins. Somatomedin C was obtained in high yield by limited cyanogen bromide degradation of the methionine-type fused protein, in spite of somatomedin C itself having a Met at the 59th position, followed by renaturation of the resultant reduced peptide. The tryptophan-type fused protein was also converted to the peptide hormone by treating with 3-bromo-2-nitrophenylsulphenyl skatole or N-chlorosuccinimide. The recombinant somatomedin C obtained by these procedures was identical with the native one in amino acid sequence as well as in biological activity of stimulation of DNA synthesis in BALB/c 3T3 cells.
Agent-Based Electricity Balancing with Distributed Energy Resources, A Multiperspective Case Study (2008)

Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is providing an increasing part of the worldwide electricity supply. At the same time, there is a big potential of demand response resources. When - in a geographical area or in the contract portfolio of an energy trader - the number of these distributed energy resources (DER) increases, clustered control of DER by common ICT (information and communication technology) systems can add value. Due to the fine-grained and distributed nature of DER, the design of such a system needs to meet heavy requirements, e.g. regarding scalability and openness. Further, these systems need to balance multiple stakes in a multi-actor environment. Multiagent systems, especially those based on electronic markets have been identified as key technologies in this respect. This paper presents a multiperspective case study of the design, implementation and performance of such a system for the business case of imbalance reduction in commercial clusters of DER. The benefits of this approach are shown by field experimental results of a real-life DER cluster with an imbalance characteristic dominated by wind electricity production. The approach resulted in substantial imbalance reductions. Further, a thorough analysis of the networked business constellation is given, together with an indication how business modelling techniques can be used to assess the financial feasibility of the business idea.