gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenotransplantation, where do we stand? (2003)

Xenotransplantation is currently being investigated as a possible solution to the world-wide shortage of human organs. Several major advances have unquestionably been accomplished in the last decade in this field. These include an elucidation of the immunological mechanisms underlying the rejection of pig organs transplanted into primates, the generation of novel lines of genetically-engineered pigs that are more "compatible" with man and a better understanding of the risk of zoonosis related to the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses to primates. Though very encouraging, the existing preclinical data do not entitle clinical trials with pig organs to begin as yet and, for the time being, the use of human organs remains the only viable option for patients with terminal organ failure.
Palmitoylation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is critical for viral infectivity (2000)

Recent studies suggest that HIV-1 budding occurs selectively from detergent-insoluble membrane domains, referred to as lipid rafts. Palmitoylation is thought to be one of the factors responsible for targeting membrane proteins to lipid rafts. The cytoplasmic domain of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp160) contains two palmitoylated cysteine residues. In this work, we studied the solubility of gp160 after detergent extraction. We show that wild-type gp160 is mostly insoluble after ice-cold Triton X-100 extraction, but that it becomes almost completely soluble at 37 degrees C. In contrast, we find that a mutant gp160, in which the two palmitoylated cysteine residues are replaced by serine, is Triton X-100 soluble even under ice-cold extraction. These findings are consistent with the properties of proteins that localize to lipid rafts and strongly suggest that gp160 is associated with lipid rafts. Further, removal of both palmitoylation sites results in the formation of virus with low levels of gp160 incorporation as well as a decrease in viral infectivity by 60-fold. Our results strongly support the suggestion that HIV-1 buds from lipid rafts and point to a role for rafts as a viral assembly hub.
Cross metathesis of the amino acid homoallylglycine (1997)

Reaction of various protected forms of the amino acid homoallylglycine with aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkenes in the presence of 5 mol% Cl 2 (PCy 3 ) 2 RuCHPh gives cross metathesis products in acceptable synthetic yield (43–66%).
Statistical modeling and performance characterization of a real-time dual camera surveillance system (2002)

The engineering of computer vision systems that meet application specific computational and accuracy requirements is crucial to the deployment of real-life computer vision systems. This paper illustrates how past work on a systematic engineering methodology for vision systems performance characterization can be used to develop a real-time people detection and zooming system to meet given application requirements. We illustrate that by judiciously choosing the system modules and performing a careful analysis of the influence of various tuning parameters on the system it is possible to: perform proper statistical inference, automatically set control parameters and quantify limits of a dual-camera real-time video surveillance system. The goal of the system is to continuously provide a high resolution zoomed-in image of a person's head at any location of the monitored area. An omni-directional camera video is processed to detect people and to precisely control a high resolution foveal camera, which has pan, tilt and zoom capabilities. The pan and tilt parameters of the foveal camera and its uncertainties are shown to be functions of the underlying geometry, lighting conditions, background color/contrast, relative position of the person with respect to both cameras as well as sensor noise and calibration errors. The uncertainty in the estimates is used to adaptively estimate the zoom parameter that guarantees with a user specified probability, /spl alpha/, that the detected person's face is contained and zoomed within the image.
A DMSO‐sensitive conditional mutant of the fission yeast orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC13 gene is defective in septation (2001)

Dissection of complex processes using model organisms such as yeasts relies heavily upon the use of conditional mutants. We have generated a collection of fission yeast mutants sensitive to dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Among these we have found a mutant in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC13 gene, which fails to cleave the division septum. Generation of a null allele demonstrates that the S. pombe sec13 gene is essential.
Synthesis and dopaminergic activity of (+-)-, (+)-, and (-)-2-dipropylamino-5-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (1976)

In an effort to identify further the structural requirements for central dopamine receptor agonists, some monohydroxyl analogs of the known agonist 5,6-dihydroxy-2-dipropylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene were synthesized. They were examined for production of emesis in dogs and stereotyped behavior in rats. The most potent was 5-hydroxy-2-dipropylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, which was more potent than apomorphine but less so than the dihydroxyl analog. The two enantiomers of the monohydroxyl analog were synthesized by conventional methods from an optically active intermediate, 2-benzylamino-5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. The resolution of this amine was performed with the aid of mandelic acid. Dopaminergic activity was found to be confined to the levo enantiomer. Requirements for both substitution and chirality in the tetralines were found to correspond closely to those known for the dopaminergic aporphines.
Essential fatty acids: biochemistry, physiology and pathology (2006)

Essential fatty acids (EFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential for humans, and are freely available in the diet. Hence, EFA deficiency is extremely rare in humans. To derive the full benefits of EFAs, they need to be metabolized to their respective long-chain metabolites, i.e., dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from LA; and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALA. Some of these long-chain metabolites not only form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), but also give rise to lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins that have potent anti-inflammatory actions. Furthermore, EFAs and their metabolites may function as endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme and 3-hdroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) enhancers, anti-hypertensives, and anti-atherosclerotic molecules. Recent studies revealed that EFAs react with NO to yield respective nitroalkene derivatives that exert cell-signaling actions via ligation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The metabolism of EFAs is altered in several diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, EFAs and their derivatives have varied biological actions and seem to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes.
Community acquired lobar pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. (1994)

Many different infections cause community acquired lobar pneumonia in HIV positive men. Some patients have co-infections and there is a high complication rate.
Universal Logic Modules and Their Applications (1970)

Recent advances in integrated circuit technology and its potential advantage in logical design have motivated the search for modular synthesis techniques for logic networks. This problem may be divided into two parts: find appropriate modules; and develop efficient synthesis techniques for logic networks using a minimum number of modules. In this paper a new type of universal logic modules (ULM's) called the Q-type is presented. The Q-type ULM's are superior to the existing ULM's in the sense that they require fewer input/output terminals when n≥6 where n is the number of input variables of the ULM. Various techniques for synthesizing a logic network with a small number of ULM's are discussed. A much simpler type of modules, which is suitable to realize any symmetric or partially symmetric function and can be used as auxiliary building blocks for realizing any given logic function, is presented. A special kind of ULM's, called serially controlled ULM's which has only n+ 3 input/ output terminals, is also presented. For a ULM of this kind the signals for specifying the logic function to be realized are serially applied to one of its input terminals.
Recent Work on Boiling and Condensation in Microchannels (2009)

Recent work on boiling of water and condensation of steam in single and parallel microchannels is reviewed in this paper. It is found that the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations of temperature and pressure during the unstable flow-boiling mode depend greatly on the inlet/outlet configurations and the exit vapor quality. By fabricating an inlet restriction on each microchannel or the installation of a throttling valve upstream of the test section, reversed flow of vapor bubbles can be suppressed resulting in a stable flow-boiling mode. Boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in microchannels under stable flow-boiling conditions are obtained. These data at high vapor qualities are found to be substantially different from the correlations obtained for flow-boiling in macrochannels. Microbubble emission boiling phenomena, which can defer the arrival of critical heat flux, exist in a partially heated Pyrex glass microchannel at sufficiently high heat flux and high inlet subcooling conditions. For condensation in a microchannel, transition from annular flow to slug/bubbly flow is investigated. The occurrence of the injection flow is owing to the instability of the liquid/vapor interface. The location, at which the injection flow occurs, depends on the mass flux and the cooling rate of steam. Increase in steam mass flux, decrease in cooling rate, and microchannel diameter tend to enhance the instability of the condensate film on the wall, resulting in the occurrence of injection flow further downstream at increasingly high frequency. The pressure drop in the condensing flow increases with the increase in mass flux and quality or with decreasing microchannel diameter. The existing correlations for pressure drop and heat transfer of condensing flow in macrochannels overestimate the experimental data in microchannels.
Patterns of use of the bone mineral density test in Ontario, 1992-1998. (2000)

The number of BMD tests performed each year in Ontario is increasing rapidly. However, the significant variation between rates of testing in different regions indicates that the diffusion of this technology may not be taking place according to population need.
<title>Optically interconnected MCMs for gigabit ATM switches</title> (1993)

In this paper we focus on the design of optically interconnected MCMs for gigabit ATM switching networks. Our approach is to design a generic hardware module that can be used to implement ATM switches with application-specific functionality, cost, and performance requirements. The module design is partitioned on the MCM such that it can be built using VLSI chips interconnected with holographic free-space optical interconnects. Holographic optical interconnects are also used for inter-MCM communication. A comparison of our approach with electrical MCM, all-optical, and guided-wave implementations of ATM switches is presented. A detailed review of the technology used in our design and various switch architectures that can be achieved can be found in references 1 and 2, respectively.
Annealing vs. Invasion in Phage λ Recombination (1997)

Genetic recombination catalyzed by lambda's Red pathway was studied in rec+ and recA mutant bacteria by examining both intracellular lambda DNA and mature progeny particles. Recombination of nonreplicating phage chromosomes was induced by double-strand breaks delivered at unique sites in vivo. In rec+ cells, cutting only one chromosome gave nearly maximal stimulation of recombination; the recombinants formed contained relatively short hybrid regions, suggesting strand invasion. In contrast, in recA mutant cells, cutting the two parental chromosomes at non-allelic sites was required for maximal stimulation; the recombinants formed tended to be hybrid over the entire region between the two cuts, implying strand annealing. We conclude that, in the absence of RecA and the presence of non-allelic DNA ends, the Red pathway of lambda catalyzes recombination primarily by annealing.
Finders, keepers (2000)

The latest review of recruitment and retention in the mental health workforce makes grim reading. To improve the quality and quantity of staff it recommends placing human resources at the core of mental health care, rather than the periphery. Susannah Strong reports
Pt(II) or Ag(I) Salt Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations and Tandem Cycloadditions Forming Functionalized Azacyclic Arrays (2004)

[reaction: see text] Cyclic ene-N-p-toluenesulfonamides tethered to an electron-deficient alkyne undergo cycloisomerizations readily under the influence of catalytic Pt(II) salts (PtCl2 or [dppbPtmu-OH]2(BF4)2) or AgOTf. Yields for this process range from 47% to 99%. The resulting functionalized 2-azahydrindans can be reacted further using the Diels-Alder reaction. Tandem cycloisomerization-cycloaddition reactions in one pot generate highly functionalized 1-azadecalin ring systems in a highly stereocontrolled manner.
Stoichiometric Interaction of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with the Clathrin-associated Protein Complex AP-2 (1995)

Plasma membrane clathrin-associated protein complexes (AP-2) have been shown to co-immunoprecipitate with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (Sorkin A., and Carpenter, G. (1993) Science 261, 612-615). Hence, we analyzed the stoichiometry of the EGF receptor interaction with AP-2 using a new antibody that efficiently immunoprecipitates native AP-2. EGF receptor AP-2 complexes were isolated from 35S-labeled cells treated with EGF by EGF receptor affinity chromatography followed by precipitation with the antibody to AP-2. Quantitation of the relative molar concentrations of the proteins found in the complex revealed that 1 mol of AP-2 was associated with approximately 1.1 mol of EGF receptor. No other proteins were present in significant molar concentrations relative to AP-2, indicating that other proteins are not stoichiometrically involved in the interaction of EGF receptors and AP-2 in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in cells expressing a mutant EGF receptor demonstrated that the cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal 214 residues of the EGF receptor are essential for interaction with AP-2.
Double lock-in amplifier Faraday rotation glucometer (2002)

We previously proposed a new approach to optical glucose sensing using Faraday rotation in glucose solutions which we called the MORE effect "magnetic optical rotatory effect". Here we introduce an improved light detection method using a double lock-in amplifier technique. We present experimental data to confirm the concept of using a double lock-in amplifier technique to improve SNR by separating a small, narrow band signal from interfering noise. Preliminary results show excellent SNR with input laser intensity at 300 /spl mu/W, suggesting that safety standards for short duration laser exposure in the eye can be met.
Microminiaturized Immunoassays Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Compositionally Patterned Antigen Arrays (1998)

This paper combines the topographic imaging capability of the atomic force microscope (AFM) with a compositionally patterned array of immobilized antigenic rabbit IgG on gold as an approach to performing immunoassays. The substrates are composed of micrometer-sized domains of IgG that are covalently linked to a photolithographically patterned array of a monolayer-based coupling agent. The immobilized coupling agent, which is prepared by the chemisorption of dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate) on gold, is separated by micrometer-sized grids of a monolayer formed from octadecanethiol (ODT). The strong hydrophobicity of the ODT adlayer, combined with the addition of the surfactant Tween 80 to the buffer solution that is used in forming the antibody-antigen pairs, minimizes the nonspecific adsorption of proteinaceous materials to the grid regions. This minimization allows the grids to function as a reference plane for the AFM detection of the height increase when a complementary antibody-antigen pair is formed. The advantageous features of this strategy, which include ease of sample preparation, an internal reference plane for the detection of topographic changes, and the potential for regeneration and reuse, are demonstrated using rabbit IgG as an immobilized antigen and goat anti-rabbit IgG as the complementary antibody. The prospects for further miniaturization are discussed.
DNA oligomers inhibit enzyme activity (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTDNA oligomers inhibit enzyme activitySTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 6, 5Publication Date (Print):February 10, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 10 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n006.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n006.p005newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Self-Organized Nanomolecular Films on Low-Dielectric Constant Porous Methyl Silsesquioxane at Room Temperature (2003)

By dipping in a silanisation solution, a hydrophobic self-organized nanomolecular film (SOM) was successfully grown on the surface of dry-etched porous methyl silsesquioxane (DE-PMSQ). The reaction was spontaneous at room temperature. The moisture adsorption on the DE-PMSQ was avoided and the surface of the SOM/DE-PMSQ was rather smooth. Leakage current and dielectric constant measurements of DE-PMSQ and SOM/DE-PMSQ samples also showed consistent behavior. As a result, it is promising to use the low-k PMSQ as an inter-metal dielectric with hydrophobic SOM grown on DE-PMSQ. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Efficient expression of Escherichia coli galactokinase gene in mammalian cells. (1982)

The Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) was inserted into a modified early region transcription unit of simian virus 40 (SV40) contained on a bacterial plasmid. Introduction of this pSVK vector into monkey, mouse, and hamster cell lines by transfection resulted in efficient expression of the bacterial galK gene. This expression was shown to be dependent upon fusion of the galK gene to the early promoter of SV40 and did not appear to require SV40 splice signals. Moreover, expression in these cells could be obtained either transiently, 24--72 hr after transfection, or continuously, after stable transformation. In particular, pSVK-dependent galK expression was obtained in a hamster cell line genetically deficient in galactokinase activity. Expression of the bacterial enzyme was shown to complement the galactosemic defect of these cells, thereby allowing their selective survival and growth on galactose as the only carbon source. The ability to readily assay, select for, and potentially select against galK expression from pSVK and its derivatives should prove extremely useful in studying eukaryotic gene regulatory signals.
Suppression of tumor growth in human gastric cancer with HER2 overexpression by an anti-HER2 antibody in a murine model. (2005)

New modalities are necessary for the treatment of patients with unresectable gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not anti-HER2 antibody could suppress the growth of human gastric cancer cells with HER2 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Four human gastric cancer cell lines, NCI-N87, MKN-45P, Kato-III, and MKN-1, were used in this study. The suppression of cell proliferation in vitro and of subcutaneous tumor growth in a nude mouse model after treatment with trastuzumab was examined. The expression of HER2 protein was investigated by Western blot analysis. The effect of trastuzumab on the survival rate of nude mice with peritoneal dissemination was examined. Trastuzumab significantly reduced proliferative activity in NCI-N87, a HER2-overexpressing human gastric cancer cell line, in vitro. In the nude mouse model with transplanted subcutaneous tumor, trastuzumab significantly suppressed the tumor growth of NCI-N87 cells, and then HER2 expression was reduced. Trastuzumab improved the survival rate of mice with peritoneal dissemination of MKN-45P cells. Trastuzumab therapy is a potential candidate for a novel treatment of HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer.
High-impedance fault identification using a fuzzy reasoning system (1998)

A methodology is presented to detect high-impedance faults in radial distribution feeders by means of fuzzy logic reasoning. The proposed technique is based on the analysis of the feeder responses to impulse waves which are periodically injected at the feeder inlet. These responses are compared to standard responses which were previously stored in a database. Standard responses correspond to responses of the feeder operating in normal configurations. A supervisory system processes the information in the database and, using a fuzzy inference machine, indicates possible occurrences of abnormalities. The proposed system has been tested in a real feeder; the relevant results are presented.
Efficient Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Sulfotyrosine Peptides using a Sulfate Protecting‐Group Strategy (2009)

Double protection: Efficient Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis (SPPS) of sulfotyrosine (sY) peptides is achieved by incorporating the sY residue(s) as a dichlorovinyl-protected (DCV) sulfodiester(s) and using 2-methylpiperidine for Fmoc removal. After removal of the other protecting groups, the DCV group could be cleaved by mild hydrogenolysis giving the sY peptides in good yield.
Studies in the synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Part VIII. Synthesis of 4: 3'-mehylenebis- (2,2'- dichloro-4' -methylquinoline) Derivatives (1977)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda-390 002 <em>Manuscript received 24 September 1976, revised 19 March 1977, accepted 3 June 1977</em> Studies in the synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Part VIII. Synthesis of 4: 3'-mehylenebis- (2,2'- dichloro-4' -methylquinoline) Derivatives.