gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric fields induced by a toroidal coil for transcutaneous magnetic stimulation of nerves (2003)

Novel toroidal coils with Supermendur cores can efficiently induce localized supra-threshold electric fields with components perpendicular to the air interface inside the volume conductor, and eliminate the problem of coil heating, allowing longer periods of stimulation at high frequencies. In-vitro measurements of the electric fields confirm the theoretical predictions that toroidal coils can be used for transcutaneous magnetic stimulation of nerves.
Chloride Transport In Thick Ascending Limb, Distal Convolution, And Collecting Duct (1988)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Optimization of 3,5-Dimethylisoxazole Derivatives as Potent Bromodomain Ligands (2013)

The bromodomain protein module, which binds to acetylated lysine, is emerging as an important epigenetic therapeutic target. We report the structure-guided optimization of 3,5-dimethylisoxazole derivatives to develop potent inhibitors of the BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain) bromodomain family with good ligand efficiency. X-ray crystal structures of the most potent compounds reveal key interactions required for high affinity at BRD4(1). Cellular studies demonstrate that the phenol and acetate derivatives of the lead compounds showed strong antiproliferative effects on MV4;11 acute myeloid leukemia cells, as shown for other BET bromodomain inhibitors and genetic BRD4 knockdown, whereas the reported compounds showed no general cytotoxicity in other cancer cell lines tested.
Ocular hypotensive activity of the adenosine agonist (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine in rabbits (1992)

Adenosine A1 agonists have been shown to induce a variety of pharmacological effects. In New Zealand White rabbits, the topical administration of 500 micrograms of the relatively selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist R(-) phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) produced a biphasic response in IOP in the ipsilateral eye: an initial ocular hypertension (3.5 +/- 1.4 mm of Hg) at 0.5 hour, followed by significant reduction in IOP (5 to 8 mm of Hg) from 2 to 6 hours postadministration. The IOP response to 50 and 165 micrograms of R-PIA demonstrated that the ocular hypotensive response to R-PIA was dose-related; however, no initial hypertension was observed at these lower doses. The ocular response to R-PIA was primarily unilateral with only a small reduction in contralateral IOP at 1 hour observed in animals treated with 500 micrograms. No significant change in pupil diameter was observed with any dose of R-PIA. Pretreatment with the adenosine antagonist CPT (10 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly inhibited the ocular hypotensive response to R-PIA. However, pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) did not alter the change in IOP induced by R-PIA. The administration of R-PIA once a day for five days demonstrated that tolerance does not develop in rabbits with repeated administration. These data demonstrate that the adenosine A1 agonist R-PIA can lower IOP. The unilateral nature and the inhibition by CPT supports the idea that this response is mediated by adenosine receptors located in the eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dendritic Cells: Unique Leukocyte Populations Which Control the Primary Immune Response (1997)

to the ontogeny of DC, limited data as to the interrelationship search Group, Christchurch School of Medicine/Christchurch Hosof different DC populations, and the fact that activation/
Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations: Applications and Algorithms (1999)

A centroidal Voronoi tessellation is a Voronoi tessellation whose generating points are the centroids (centers of mass) of the corresponding Voronoi regions. We give some applications of such tessellations to problems in image compression, quadrature, finite difference methods, distribution of resources, cellular biology, statistics, and the territorial behavior of animals. We discuss methodsfor computing these tessellations, provide some analyses concerning both the tessellations and the methods for their determination, and, finally, present the results of some numerical experiments.
High-quality Non-blind Image Deconvolution (2010)

The most annoying artifacts in image deconvolution are ringing and amplified noise. These artifacts can be reduced significantly by regularization using the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) method that exploits not only the likelihood but also the image prior in image deconvolution. Although ringing and noise can be reduced significantly with strong regularization, image details are also reduced, so the deconvolved image is neither sharp nor clear. In this paper, we propose a non-blind image deconvolution method with adaptive regularization that can reduce ringing and noise more noticeable in a smooth region and preserve image details in a textured region. For adaptive regularization, after we make a quick estimate of the reference image that can indicate the strength of regularization, we perform regularization adaptively according to the local characteristics. Experimental results show that ringing and noise are suppressed significantly, while preserving image details effectively.
Studies with Purified Human Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroid Microsomal Autoantibodies (1990)

We have isolated highly purified thyroid peroxidase (TPO) from human thyroid tissue to study further the relationship between TPO and the thyroid microsomal antigen that elicits the production of microsomal autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Serum samples were obtained from 24 patients with suspected autoimmune thyroid disease, and from 7 normal subjects. Microsomal autoantibodies in the patient sera, as determined by the microsomal hemagglutination assay (MCHA), varied between 1:100 and 1:102,400. Antithyroglobulin antibodies, however, were very low (less than 1:100). Binding of serum autoantibodies to purified human TPO, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, correlated fairly well with MCHA titers (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001). An immunoblot procedure was developed to study the binding of serum antibodies to the major active fragment of TPO (93 kDa), after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Binding under both conditions correlated very well with MCHA titers (r = 0.80-0.84; P less than 0.001). Studies were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of patient serum on the enzymatic activity of purified human TPO. A marked inhibitory effect on guaiacol activity was observed when TPO was preincubated with as little as 10 microL high titer serum. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.47; P less than 0.01) between MCHA titer and inhibitory effect. The addition of 2 micrograms purified human TPO completely or almost completely inhibited the binding of serum antibodies to thyroid microsomes (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 10 of 11 patient sera with high MCHA titers (1:25,600 or greater).
Tolerability and Side Effects of Anti-CD3 Immunotoxin (αCD3-IT) in Preclinical Testing in Kidney Allograft Recipients (1998)

322 αCD3-IT has shown potential to promote allograft tolerance in nonhuman primates owing to its unusual efficiency in depleting PBL and sessile lymph node (LN) T cells. Common side effects of vascular leak syndrome (VLS) hepatotoxicity and rash have limited host tolerability of most immunotoxins in the past. We postulated that the unique combined properties of αCD3-IT, i.e., stability of the mAb-mutated diphtheria conjugate, high specificity and affinity for the CD3ε receptor and efficient intracellular translocation would limit the systemic side effects that have hindered IT therapy to date. Normal male rhesus macaques underwent kidney transplantation with intrinsic nephrectomy and received either αCD3-IT (n=21) or αCD3 mAb (n=5) at a total dose of 133-150 μg/kg over 3 days, beginning 12-16h pretransplant. Some received additional treatment with 15-deoxspergualin (DSG; 2.5 mg/kg for 4 to 14 days) and methylprednisone (MP for 3 days at a tapering dose from 7 mg/kg). We examined blood chemistries, CBC, plasma cytokines, weight changes, and 24h liver biopsies for IT related side effects. The main side effect of αCD3-IT was VLS, characterized by increased body weight, edema, cytokine release, and decreased serum albumin without proteinuria. DSG and MP entirely prevented the VLS. Liver function tests and CBC values(tabulated below) were similar in recipients given αCD3-IT andαCD3 mAb. Liver biopsies showed an absence of hepatotoxicity after IT with or without DSG/MP. Rash occurred in 20% and resolved in 48h without special treatment. Transient weight loss (14 ±5%) occurred in all recipients; of IT-treated recipients followed long-term for >3-18 months, 1/19 was euthanized for persistent low weight. Despite a mean 95% and 86% decrease in PBL and LN T cells, respectively, at 1wk post-transplant, and 50% recovery by 2 months, no evidence of increased infection or neoplasia was seen. In summary, side effects of αCD3-IT are manageable and should not prevent therapeutic application. Table
Electrically Addressable Multistate Volatile Memory with Flip‐Flop and Flip‐Flap‐Flop Logic Circuits on a Solid Support (2010)

Flip-flopping away: Multivalue random access memory can be achieved using electrically addressable Os2+-based multilayers. The controllable optical properties of the multilayers allow the construction of memory devices that are able to store up to five different states that depend on the given electrical inputs (see picture). The functions of the devices can be represented by sequential logic circuits that are equivalent to flip-flop and flip-flap-flop devices.
Functional Behavior of Primary Rat Liver Cells in a Three-Dimensional Perfused Microarray Bioreactor (2002)

We have previously described the design and operation of a microfabricated bioreactor that supports perfused 3D culture of liver cells and facilitates evolution of tissue-like morphological structures. Here, we describe the functional viability of cells maintained in this microarray bioreactor and examine the influence of different seeding protocols on the evolution of structure and function in comparison with static culture. Primary rat hepatocytes were seeded into the perfusion reactors either as single-cell suspensions immediately after isolation or as spheroidal aggregates formed over a 2- to 3-day period. Initial studies in which cells were cultured for 7 days postisolation revealed significantly greater functional activity and morphological stability of cells that were preaggregated for up to 3 days before seeding in the reactor, compared with direct seeding of single cells. Total albumin secretion and urea genesis rates in single-cell reactor cultures declined significantly during this initial culture period while remaining constant in preaggregated reactor cultures. Longer term studies indicate that rates of albumin secretion and urea genesis are maintained at constant levels through 15 days postisolation. These metabolic rates are an order of magnitude higher than observed for the same preaggregated structures cultured statically with comparable medium ratio and exchange conditions. The metabolic function data are supported by light microscopy images showing viable tissue structures, and electron microscopy images that reveal tight junctions, glycogen storage, and bile canaliculi.
Towards a Fully Synthetic Carbohydrate‐Based Anticancer Vaccine: Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Lipidated Glycopeptide Containing the Tumor‐Associated Tn Antigen (2005)

A spoonful of sugar …︁ A carbohydrate-based fully synthetic vaccine 1, composed of a tumor-associated Tn antigen, a peptide T epitope, and a lipopeptide (see structure), shows potential as a candidate against cancer. Incorporation of the glycolipopeptide into liposomes gave a formulation that was able to elicit a T cell dependent antibody response in mice. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501818_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor in the developing rat embryo. (1991)

Compared to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a widely distributed, broad spectrum mitogen and mesoderm inducer, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is reported to have an essentially neural distribution and to be undetectable in the early embryo. In the present investigation, we used immunoblotting and immunochemistry to assess the cellular and tissue distributions of aFGF and bFGF in 11-20-d rat embryos. Immunoblotting of crude and heparin-bound embryo extracts revealed faint bands at the expected 17-18-kD and predominant bands at an apparent molecular mass of 26 to 28-kD (despite reducing conditions) using multiple specific antibodies for aFGF and bFGF. Pretreatment with 8 M urea yielded 18-20-kD aFGF and bFGF and some 24-26-kD bFGF. Immunoreactivity for both aFGF and bFGF was positive and similar in the cytoplasm, nuclei, and extracellular matrix of cells of neuroectodermal and mesodermal origin, while it was negative in endoderm-derived cells. The distribution of immunoreactive aFGF and bFGF also showed changes during development that were associated with the process of cellular and tissue differentiation. For example, intensity and extent of immunoreactivity for both peptides progressively increased in the middle layer of the spinal cord with increasing differentiation of the neural cells. The immunostaining patterns were very similar for aFGF and bFGF for each organ and at each stage. In conclusion, high molecular mass forms of immunoreactive aFGF and bFGF are present in the rat embryo. Acidic FGF and bFGF are both widely distributed in tissues of neuroectodermal and mesodermal origin, and their distribution was very similar.
Identification of High-CO2-Capacity Cationic Zeolites by Accurate Computational Screening (2016)

Solid porous materials such as cationic zeolites have shown great potential in energy-efficient separation processes. Conventional adsorbent design involves ad-hoc and inefficient experimental evaluation of a large structural and compositional space. We developed a computational methodology to screen cationic zeolites for CO2 separation processes with quantitative accuracy, and identified a number of novel high-performing materials. This study enabled us to develop an intuitive design workflow for selecting optimal materials and dramatically accelerate the development of industrially relevant separation processes.
Cyclisation of α,β,γ,ψ-unsaturated dioic acid esters via tandem conjugate additions by using lithium N-benzyltrimethylsilylamide (LSA) as a nitrogen nucleophile and its application to a total synthesis of (±)-dihydronepetalactone and (±)-isodihydronepetalactone (1989)

A stereoselective total synthesis of (±)-dihydronepetalactone and (±)-isodihydronepetalactone has been accomplished by utilising a novel cyclisation procedure; a reaction of octadiene-2,6-dioic acid esters with lithium N-benzyltrimethylsilylamide (LSA) induces 5-exo-Trig ring-closure via tandem conjugate additions.
Control on the absence of DEAE-polysaccharides in DEAE-sephadex purified poliovirus suspensions by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. (1981)

Poliovirus suspensions produced in microcarrier culture of primary monkey kidney cells and purified by column chromatography on DEAE-sephadex have been tested for the presence of DEAE-polysaccharides (in essence DEAE-dextran) by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the pyrolysis mass spectra indicates that the concentration of DEAE-dextran in the purified poliovirus concentrates is below 20 ppm i.e. the lower detection level of the method. As the final vaccines contain a 1:50 to 1:100 dilution of the tested virus suspension, the DEAE-polysaccharide concentration in the vaccine will be below 1 ppm at least. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry appeared to be a vary suitable method for control on the absence of this component.
Continuous Quantification of Baroreflex and Respiratory Control of Heart Rate by Use of Bivariate Autoregressive Techniques (1996)

Background: Normal cardiovascular control involves nonstationary complex interactions between a variety of variables such as heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and respiratory activity. Methods: To account for both the complexity and transient nature of these phenomena, a closed‐loop bivariate and time‐variant (moving window) model was implemented using autoregressive parametric techniques to identify the typical HR and ABP spectral parameters of low frequency power (LF, 0.03–0.15 Hz), high frequency power (HF, 0.15–0.45 Hz), and their ratio LF/HF. In addition, cross‐parameters, such as the gain, phase, and coherent power, between HR, ABP, and changes in instantaneous lung volume (ILV) were computed in both the LF and HF regions. Results: The cross‐relations included the HR baroreflex (ABP‐HR, alpha), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (ILV‐HR), the mechanical influence of respiration (ILV‐ABP), and the mechanical feedforward of HR (HR‐ABP, beta). The analyses were performed on data from a gradual tilt protocol, which simulates the physiological nonstationarities encountered in daily life. Conclusions: The results were similar to those obtained using a bivariate batch (nonmoving window) Levinson‐Wiggins‐Robinson algorithm, but the time‐variant technique was able to provide nearly continuous parameters, allowing for a real‐time continuous monitoring of circulatory control.
Impaired intracellular transport and cell surface expression of nonpolymorphic HLA-E: evidence for inefficient peptide binding. (1992)

The assembly of the classical, polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum requires the presence of peptide ligands and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). Formation of this trimolecular complex is a prerequisite for efficient transport to the cell surface, where presented peptides are scanned by T lymphocytes. The function of the other class I molecules is in dispute. The human, nonclassical class I gene, HLA-E, was found to be ubiquitously transcribed, whereas cell surface expression was difficult to detect upon transfection. Pulse chase experiments revealed that the HLA-E heavy chain in transfectants, obtained with the murine myeloma cell line P3X63-Ag8.653 (X63), displays a significant reduction in oligosaccharide maturation and intracellular transport compared with HLA-B27 in corresponding transfectants. The accordingly low HLA-E cell surface expression could be significantly enhanced by either reducing the culture temperature or by supplementing the medium with human beta 2m, suggesting inefficient binding of endogenous peptides to HLA-E. To analyze whether HLA-E binds peptides and to identify the corresponding ligands, fractions of acid-extracted material from HLA-E/X63 transfectants were separated by reverse phase HPLC and were tested for their ability to enhance HLA-E cell surface expression. Two fractions specifically increased the HLA class I expression on the HLA-E transfectant clone.
Proteome analysis reveals elevated serum levels of clusterin in patients with preeclampsia (2004)

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome and a major cause of maternal mortality. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is unknown, and no proteome analysis of preeclampsia has been reported. We sought to identify proteins associated with preeclampsia using a proteomic technique and performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) on sera from six patients with preeclampsia and six normal pregnant women, followed by comparison of the SYPRO Ruby-stained 2-DE profiles. A group of overexpressed spots was identified in the limited study set. Overexpressed spots were identified as clusterin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) followed by peptide mass fingerprinting, a protein database search, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, sera of 80 preeclamptic women and 80 normal pregnant women were processed by immunoassay methods to confirm changes in clusterin concentrations quantitatively. Immunoassays showed that clusterin levels in the 80 preeclamptic women were significantly higher than those in the 80 controls (mean +/- SD; 1.62 +/- 0.46 times reference level in preeclamptic women vs. 1.30 +/- 0.46 times reference level in controls, P < 0.001). Proteomic analysis of serum proteins is a promising tool for studying preeclampsia pathophysiology and identifying proteins associated with preeclampsia.
Staphylococcus aureus Strains That are Hypersusceptible to Resistance Gene Transfer from Enterococci (2007)

We identified naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus mutants of the restriction modification pathway SauI, including bovine lineage ST151. In a model of vancomycin resistance transfer from Enterococcus faecalis, ST151 isolates are 500 times more susceptible than human S. aureus isolates. The eradication of "hyperrecipient" strains may reduce the evolution of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.
In vivo and in vitro biosynthesis of free fatty alcohols inEscherichia Coli K‐12 (1974)

Abstract In vivo studies have indicated that exogenous free fatty acids may serve as precursors of the free fatty alcohols of Escherichia coli K‐12. Following disruption of the cells, the enzymatic activity capable of catalyzing the reduction of long chain fatty aldehydes to fatty alcohols was localized in the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form, was the required cofactor. The product of the reaction was characterized rigorously as 1‐hexadecanol when hexadecanal was the substrate. Three independent, but complementary, assay methods were developed to assay the aldehyde reductase activity. By employing these methods, an equivalence between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form, oxidation and 1‐hexadecanol synthesis was established. Two protein fractions catalyzing the reduction of fatty aldehydes to fatty alcohols were detected in the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction following ammonium sulfate fractionation and diethylaminoethyl‐cellulose chromatography. Enzymatic activity (70%) applied to the diethylamino‐ethyl‐cellulose column was eluted at a phosphate concentration of 0.115 M. The remaining 30% was eluted at a concentration of 0.23 M. Following sephadex chromatography, it was observed that the enzyme eluting at 0.115 M phosphate had an apparent mol wt of 250,000 Daltons while that eluting at 0.23 M had an apparent mol wt of 62,000 Daltons. The enzymes were similar with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, ionic strength optima, and stability with respect to thiol inhibitors, suggesting different sized aggregates of similar subunits.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli gene appA reveals significant homology between pH 2.5 acid phosphatase and glucose-1-phosphatase (1990)

The whole nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli gene appA, which encodes periplasmic phosphoanhydride phosphohydrolase (optimum pH, 2.5), and its flanking regions was determined. The AppA protein is significantly homologous to the product of the nearby gene agp, acid glucose-1-phosphatase. Because identical amino acids are distributed over the whole lengths of the proteins, it is likely that appA and agp originate from the same ancestor gene.