gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug resistance in cancer: a multifactorial problem. (2003)

Drug resistance is an important problem in the treatment of patients with cancer. Tumors become resistant not only to the drugs used initially, but also to those to which they have not yet been exposed. Multiple mechanisms contribute to drug resistance. Many of them are inter-related or independent of each other, but may exist simultaneously in cancer cells or subpopulations of cells, producing an overall drug-resistant phenotype. Consequently, clinical reversal of drug resistance may ultimately require intervention at several different sites in the tumor cell. In the future, the use of DNA microarray technology in drug resistance in cancer will yield insight into the mechanisms of drug resistance and the rational design of more effective strategies to circumvent resistance.
Do short children secrete insufficient growth hormone? (1985)

The 24-hour integrated concentration of growth hormone from 46 children of normal stature was compared with that of 90 short children. Nineteen of the short children had classic growth hormone deficiency by standard pharmacologic growth hormone stimulation tests. Seventy-one children had normal growth hormone responses to stimulation. The mean integrated concentration of growth hormone for children with normal stature (6.6 +/- 1.9 ng/mL) was greater than the mean value for those with normal stimulated growth hormone (3.8 +/- 2.3 ng/mL) and greater than the mean value for those with growth hormone deficiency (1.6 +/- 0.6 ng/mL); differences between groups were all statistically significant (P less than .0001). Forty-five percent of children with normal stimulated growth hormone responses had integrated concentration of growth hormone within the range of values for the group with growth hormone deficiency; this finding may provide the explanation for their poor growth. Thus, patients with normal growth hormone responses have a spectrum of spontaneous growth hormone secretion ranging from normal to impaired. Recent reports indicate that children with normal growth hormone responses who have very low integrated concentration of growth hormone may have the potential to improve their growth with growth hormone therapy. Therefore, use of the integrated concentration of growth hormone may be a more effective method than standard pharmacologic stimulation tests for determining which short children are potentially able to respond to growth hormone therapy.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intra- and Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Olefins (2006)

Ph3PAuOTf catalyzes efficient intra- and intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated olefins with sulfonamides.
Biosynthesis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Involves Proteolytic Processing Which Generates Non-covalent Homodimers (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) binds and activates the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), is mitogenic for endothelial cells, and shares structural homology and receptor specificity with VEGF-C. The primary translation product of VEGF-D has long N- and C-terminal polypeptide extensions in addition to a central VEGF homology domain (VHD). The VHD of VEGF-D is sufficient to bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. Here we report that VEGF-D is proteolytically processed to release the VHD. Studies in 293EBNA cells demonstrated that VEGF-D undergoes N- and C-terminal cleavage events to produce numerous secreted polypeptides including a fully processed form of M(r) approximately 21,000 consisting only of the VHD, which is predominantly a non-covalent dimer. Biosensor analysis demonstrated that the VHD has approximately 290- and approximately 40-fold greater affinity for VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, respectively, compared with unprocessed VEGF-D. In situ hybridization demonstrated that embryonic lung is a major site of expression of the VEGF-D gene. Processed forms of VEGF-D were detected in embryonic lung indicating that VEGF-D is proteolytically processed in vivo.
THE PRODUCTION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PULMONARY CAPILLARY INJURY FOLLOWING HEPATIC ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION (1990)

The large mass of fixed macrophages resident in the liver make it a potentially rich source of cytokines. We have previously demonstrated that an isolated and severe ischemia/reperfusion injury to the liver results in cytokine release, specifically tumor necrosis factor alpha, and that TNF is then involved in the development of pulmonary pathology. This study was designed to determine the kinetics of TNF release following varying periods of hepatic ischemia and to further investigate the acute lung injury that follows. Suprahepatic blood samples were obtained at serial time points following a 45-, 60-, 75-, or 90-min ischemic insult to a segment of the rat liver with subsequent reperfusion. Using a bioassay based on the WEHI 164 cell line, plasma TNF levels were measured in all experimental animals; sham-operated control animals had undetectable levels. Changes in pulmonary capillary permeability were then measured using a standard 125I-labeled albumin washout technique following a 90-min ischemic insult with subsequent reperfusion. A significant increase in the mean permeability index was observed 9 to 12 hr following hepatic reperfusion (.601 +/- 102 as compared with .114 +/- .085 in sham-operated controls, P less than 0.005). Animals treated with anti-TNF antiserum prior to the induction of hepatic ischemia had a significantly reduced pulmonary capillary leak compared to animals pretreated with rabbit serum without TNF-blocking properties (.184 +/- .029 versus .694 +/- 052 for the control serum, P less than 0.005). TNF release follows both moderate and severe ischemic injury to the liver and the results reported here implicate TNF as an important mediator of increased pulmonary capillary permeability. These experiments confirm previous histologic studies that demonstrated pulmonary edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhage following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, with subsequent blockade of the histologic injury by pretreatment with anti-TNF antiserum.
Direct Patterning of Modified Oligonucleotides on Metals and Insulators by Dip-Pen Nanolithography (2002)

The use of direct-write dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) to generate covalently anchored, nanoscale patterns of oligonucleotides on both metallic and insulating substrates is described. Modification of DNA with hexanethiol groups allowed patterning on gold, and oligonucleotides bearing 5'-terminal acrylamide groups could be patterned on derivatized silica. Feature sizes ranging from many micrometers to less than 100 nanometers were achieved, and the resulting patterns exhibited the sequence-specific binding properties of the DNA from which they were composed. The patterns can be used to direct the assembly of individual oligonucleotide-modified particles on a surface, and the deposition of multiple DNA sequences in a single array is demonstrated.
Autocrine Effect of Androgen on Proliferation of an Androgen Responsive Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line, LNCAP: Role of Interleukin-6 (1997)

LNCaP is an androgen-responsive prostatic carcinoma cell line that exhibits a bell-shaped growth response curve to increasing doses of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in culture. Although the precise mechanism responsible for this unique growth response to androgen stimulation remains unclear, many studies have suggested that androgen modulates the level of various growth factors. In an early study, we demonstrated that LNCaP proliferation was stimulated by interleukin (IL)-6 in a paracrine manner, because these cells did not express a significant amount of IL-6. In the present study, the role of IL-6 in mediating androgen regulated proliferation in LNCaP cells was investigated. DHT, at increasing doses up to 10−8 M, resulted in a release of IL-6 from LNCaP cells. This dose-dependent effect of DHT on LNCaP proliferation could be partially inhibited by the addition of antibody against IL-6 into the culture medium. These results indicate that the DHT-induced expression of IL-6 stimulates proliferation of LNCaP cells in culture in an autocrine manner.
Fronthaul-constrained cloud radio access networks: insights and challenges (2015)

As a promising paradigm for fifth generation wireless communication systems, cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been shown to reduce both capital and operating expenditures, as well as to provide high spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The fronthaul in such networks, defined as the transmission link between the baseband unit and the remote radio head, requires a high capacity, but is often constrained. This article comprehensively surveys recent advances in fronthaul-constrained CRANs, including system architectures and key techniques. Particularly, major issues relating to the impact of the constrained fronthaul on SE/EE and quality of service for users, including compression and quantization, large-scale coordinated processing and clustering, and resource allocation optimization, are discussed together with corresponding potential solutions. Open issues in terms of software-defined networking, network function virtualization, and partial centralization are also identified.
Characterization and tissue-specific expression of the human ‘very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor’ mRNA (1994)

A cDNA has been isolated from human heart that is homologous to a member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family recently identified in rabbit. It was named the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, although its physiological function is not yet known. The predicted human protein shows 97.4% sequence homology to the rabbit protein, much more than the approximately 75% observed between their LDL receptor proteins. The sequence is also highly conserved in the hamster and the African green monkey. The mRNA was identified as a 3.9 kb transcript by Northern blotting in Hep G2 cells, cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and human skin fibroblasts, where its level was unaffected by sterols. The mRNA was not detected in EBV-lymphoblasts or in monocyte-macrophages by Northern blotting or by RT-PCR. In human tissues in vivo, the mRNA was expressed predominantly in heart and skeletal muscle, and also in ovary and kidney, but not in the liver. Although the 3.9 kb mRNA was the major transcript, a larger variant of 5.2 kb was also detectable and was predominant in skeletal muscle. Amplification of the mRNA from cultured human cells also revealed a potential splice variant that lacked 84 bp coding for a region equivalent to the O-linked sugars domain of the LDL receptor. It was a minor component in most cell types, but was predominant in Hep G2 cells.
UML extensions for the specification and evaluation of latency constraints in architectural models (2000)

UML Specifications provides some guides for the description of performance requirements, but these requirements are represented with natural language constraints. This paper introduces UML extensions for the representation of temporal requirements and resource usage and their automatic evaluation. They are defined using standard UML extension techniques. These standard extensions introduce a set of formal constraints, tagged values and stereotypes, which allow the representation of general latency and capacity quality of service requirements. We have included these extensions in a commercial UML CASE tool that provides scheduling analysis services and results. We use scheduling analysis and simulation techniques in the evaluation.
Effect of ferric and ferrous iron chelators on growth of Bacteroides fragilis under anaerobic conditions (1991)

Growth of Bacteroides fragilis under anaerobic conditions in the presence of either haemin or protoporphyrin IX was inhibited by the ferrous iron chelator bipyridyl. The ferric-iron chelator desferrioxamine inhibited growth in the presence of protoporphyrin but not haemin, suggesting that even under anaerobic conditions Fe3+ is involved in uptake of non-haem iron, which is required in the absence of haemin. However, the ferric iron chelators 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-pyrid-4-one (L1) and pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrozone (PIH) were only weakly inhibitory. Apotransferrin, which also binds Fe3+, inhibited growth, but this was not simply due to binding of iron in the medium, as under the reducing conditions present, transferrin was unable to bind iron. This study suggests that even under anaerobic conditions, uptake of non-haem iron by B. fragilis may involve conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+.
<title>Evaluation of prostate tumor grades by content-based image retrieval</title> (1999)

As part of collaboration between the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center we are developing methods for content based image retrieval to assist pathology diagnosis. We have been using Gleason grading of prostate tumor samples as an initial domain for evaluating the effectiveness of the method for specific tasks. In this application, the system does not attempt to directly reproduce pathologists' visual analysis. Rather, it relies on the comparison of image features from a sample image to key the retrieval of similar but previously graded images from a database. Appropriate features should be highly selective to architecture differences of the Gleason system so the grades of the retrieved images can be applied to the unknown sample. We have been investigating the usefulness of computational geometry structures, such as spanning trees, as components of feature sets providing accurate retrieval of matching grades.
Functional complementation of catalase‐defective peroxisomes in a methylotrophic yeast by import of the catalase A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

A mutant of the methanol-utilizing yeast Hansenula polymorpha defective in catalase was isolated. It lacks the ability to grow on methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy due to a loss of peroxisomal function that is required for the dissimilation and assimilation of this substrate. Growth of the mutant on glucose or glycerol was not impaired. Transformation of mutant cells with the gene coding for catalase A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Cohen, G., Fessl, F., Traczyk, J., Rytka, J. & Ruis, H. (1985) Mol. Gen. Genet. 200, 74-79] conferred constitutive expression of catalase activity. When the gene was placed under control of the regulatory methanol oxidase promoter from H. polymorpha, high levels of activity subject to glucose repression were obtained. In both cases efficient targeting of catalase A to the heterologous peroxisomes and assembly into an active form could be demonstrated. Concomitantly, growth on methanol was restored in the transformed mutant. The results are in line with a high conservation of transport signals on peroxisomal proteins. Expression of a cytosolic catalase in H. polymorpha did not confer the ability to grow on methanol. Therefore, proper localization of the catalase activity is a prerequisite for peroxisomal function.
Identification of immobilized bacteria by aminopeptidase profiling (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of immobilized bacteria by aminopeptidase profilingK. D. Hughes, Fred E. Lytle, and D. M. HuberCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 15, 1656–1660Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00190a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00190a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual Genome Scan: A Tool for Restriction Landmark-Based Scanning of the Human Genome (2001)

There is substantial interest in implementing technologies that allow comparisons of whole genomes of individuals and of tissues and cell populations. Restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS) is a highly resolving gel-based technique in which several thousand fragments in genomic digests are visualized simultaneously and quantitatively analyzed. The widespread use of RLGS has been hampered by difficulty in deriving sequence information for displayed fragments and a lack of whole-genome sequence-based framework for interpreting RLGS patterns. We have developed informatics tools for comparisons of sample derived RLGS patterns with patterns predicted from the human genome sequence and displayed as Virtual Genome Scans (VGS). The tools developed allow sequence prediction of fragments in RLGS patterns obtained with different restriction enzyme combinations. The utility of VGS is demonstrated by the identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and of amplifications, deletions, and methylation changes in tumor-derived CpG islands and the characterization of an amplified region in a breast tumor that spanned <230 kb on 17q23.
Expression of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance in Transgenic Hairy Roots of Soybean (1999)

ABSTRACT Transgenic hairy roots of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes support the complete life cycle of soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in vitro. However, expression of SCN resistance in hairy soybean roots has not been investigated. A transgenic hairy root system would be useful in developing an assay for candidate SCN resistance genes. The objectives of this study were to characterize transgene expression in SCN‐infected hairy soybean roots and to evaluate a transgenic hairy root system for investigations of resistance to SCN. Seedling cotyledons of the SCN‐susceptible cultivars, Agassiz and Parker, and SCN‐resistant Bell and Faribault were infected with A. rhizogenes strain K599 transformed with T‐DNA binary vectors containing the gusA gene fused to promoters from either the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S), Arabidopsis thaliana phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), or bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chalcone synthase‐8 (CHS) genes. Nine days after inoculating transgenic hairy roots with sterile J2 nematodes, CHS‐regulated β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining at infection sites increased in hairy roots of resistant Faribault and decreased in susceptible Agassiz. PAL‐regulated GUS staining was absent at infection sites in hairy roots of resistant cultivars, but was increased in infection sites in susceptible cultivars. Thirty‐five days after inoculation with SCN, the mean number of cysts formed on hairy roots of the resistant cultivars was about 14% of the mean number of cysts formed on hairy roots of the susceptible cultivars, indicating that the SCN resistance phenotypes were preserved in transgenic hairy roots. These results indicated that the transgenic hairy soybean root system will be useful for investigating differential transgene expression during nematode infection and evaluation of candidate SCN resistance genes.
A Survey of General‐Purpose Computation on Graphics Hardware (2007)

Abstract The rapid increase in the performance of graphics hardware, coupled with recent improvements in its programmability, have made graphics hardware a compelling platform for computationally demanding tasks in a wide variety of application domains. In this report, we describe, summarize, and analyze the latest research in mapping general‐purpose computation to graphics hardware. We begin with the technical motivations that underlie general‐purpose computation on graphics processors (GPGPU) and describe the hardware and software developments that have led to the recent interest in this field. We then aim the main body of this report at two separate audiences. First, we describe the techniques used in mapping general‐purpose computation to graphics hardware. We believe these techniques will be generally useful for researchers who plan to develop the next generation of GPGPU algorithms and techniques. Second, we survey and categorize the latest developments in general‐purpose application development on graphics hardware.
Applied sonoanatomy of the posterior triangle of the neck (2010)

The posterior triangle of the neck is an area of the body frequently visited by regional anesthesiologists, acute and chronic pain physicians, surgeons of all disciplines, and diagnosticians. It houses the entire brachial plexus from the roots to the divisions, the scalene muscles, the cervical sympathetic ganglions, the major blood vessels to and from the brain, the neuroforamina and various other structures of more or less importance to these physicians. Ultrasound (US) offers a handy visual tool for these structures to be viewed in real time and, therefore, its popularity and the need to understand it. We will discuss pertinent clinical anatomy of the neck and offer a basic visual explanation of the often-difficult two-dimensional (2-D) images seen with US.
Biological effect of He‐Ne laser: Investigations on functional and micromorphological alterations of cell membranes, in vitro (1984)

A 1-J/cm2 dose of single laser-irradiation applied on primary human embryo fibroblast culture was not followed either by functional or micromorphological alterations of cell surfaces. This dose, however, applied four times with 24-hour intervals changed the functional conditions as well as surface charges of cell membranes. As detection methods, radioactive glucosamine uptake, lectin, and cationized ferritin-binding techniques were applied. At the same time, the scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laser-irradiated cells did not reveal any micromorphological or ultrastructural alterations. The effect of a 5-J/cm2 dose did not differ from that of 1 J/cm2. It is suggested that laser radiation-induced circumstances on cell surfaces can contribute to the strength of cell-to-cell contacts, i.e., to the stimulation of epithelization experienced in the clinical gynecologic practice.
D1–D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of G q /11 in the striatum (2006)

We demonstrate a heteromeric D1-D2 dopamine receptor signaling complex in brain that is coupled to Gq/11 and requires agonist binding to both receptors for G protein activation and intracellular calcium release. The D1 agonist SKF83959 was identified as a specific agonist for the heteromer that activated Gq/11 by functioning as a full agonist for the D1 receptor and a high-affinity partial agonist for a pertussis toxin-resistant D2 receptor within the complex. We provide evidence that the D1-D2 signaling complex can be more readily detected in mice that are 8 months in age compared with animals that are 3 months old, suggesting that calcium signaling through the D1-D2 dopamine receptor complex is relevant for function in the postadolescent brain. Activation of Gq/11 through the heteromer increases levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha in the nucleus accumbens, unlike activation of Gs/olf-coupled D1 receptors, indicating a mechanism by which D1-D2 dopamine receptor complexes may contribute to synaptic plasticity.