gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic reconstitution and prevention of graft-versus-host disease with UVB-irradiated haploidentical murine spleen and marrow cells (1991)

We investigated in a murine model whether UVB irradiation of lymphohemopoietic cells would prevent the development of graft-versus- host disease (GVHD). Preliminary experiments showed that spleen colony (CFU-S) formation by hemopoietic cells was preserved at UVB doses that eliminated lymphocyte proliferation. In a parent into F1 model, UVB irradiation (5 to 15 mJ/cm2) of spleen cells added to normal marrow cells prevented the development of GVHD, whereas all recipients given untreated spleen cells developed GVHD. Syngeneic recipients of marrow exposed to 2.5 to 10 mJ/cm2 of UVB achieved normal hemopoietic reconstitution. Based on these observations, B6D2 F1 (H-2b x H-2d) recipients were given 1,000 cGy of total body irradiation (TBI) followed by transplantation of 5 x 10(6) parental B6 (H-2b) bone marrow cells and 10 x 10(6) B6 spleen cells, either unirradiated or exposed to UVB before infusion. All mice transplanted with cells exposed to 10 or 12.5 mJ/cm2 of UVB survived without GVHD. At 2.5 and 5.0 mJ/cm2, mice showed signs of GVHD, beginning at day 30, and 100% and 80%, respectively, eventually developed chronic GVHD. At 7.5 mJ/cm2, mice had weight loss, from which 60% recovered and survived without GVHD, while 40% died with GVHD. At 15 mJ/cm2, some recipients died from graft failure, while some survived without GVHD. All surviving mice were complete donor-type chimeras. Spleen size and cellularity and in vitro lymphocyte responses correlated inversely with the development of GVHD. Mice without GVHD showed specific tolerance to skin grafts from the second parent strain, while animals with GVHD rejected their skin grafts. Thus, in a murine model UVB irradiation of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells allows for hemopoietic reconstitution and prevents GVHD.
Protease Resistant Variants of FGF1 with Prolonged Biological Activity (2014)

Therapeutic potential of human acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) resulting from its undeniable role in angiogenesis and wound healing processes is questioned due to its low stability and short half-life in vivo. Our previous studies showed that prolonged biological activity of FGF1 can be achieved by increasing its proteolytic resistance directly linked to improved global thermostability. In this study, we applied an alternative method of generation of long-lasting FGF1 variants by rigidification of the growth factor's segment highly sensitive to proteases action. In order to determine regions the most prone to enzymatic degradation, we used limited proteolysis by trypsin combined with mass spectrometry analysis. We found that the initial proteolytic cleavages occurred mainly within the C-terminal region of the wild-type protein, pointing on its significant role in growth factor degradation. Based on bioinformatic analysis, we introduced two single mutations (C117P, K118V) within β-strand XI and combined them in a double mutant. We determined resistance to proteolysis, biophysical properties and biological activities of obtained variants. All of them occurred to be significantly less susceptible to trypsin (up to 100-fold) and also to chymotrypsin degradation comparing to the wild-type protein. Interestingly, all variants were not more thermostable than the wild-type FGF1. We attributed this dramatic increase in resistance to proteolysis to entropic stabilization of C-terminal region.
Antibody neutralization of neurite growth inhibitors from oligodendrocytes results in expanded pattern of postnatally sprouting retinocollicular axons (1992)

After early postnatal ablation of one superior colliculus together with the ipsilateral eye in Syrian hamsters, retinofugal fibers abnormally cross the tectal midline and innervate the remaining superior colliculus. The fibers of this aberrant decussation are confined mainly to the superficial gray layer, with little ingrowth or termination in the deeper stratum opticum; laterally, most termination is in the superficial part of the superficial gray. Establishment of this abnormal pattern is temporally correlated with the appearance of oligodendrocytes at progressively more superficial locations in the colliculus. Oligodendrocytes express, on their surface, molecules that are inhibitory to neurite growth. This raises the possibility that their differential distribution in the superior colliculus during growth of retinal fibers is causally involved in the generation of the observed termination pattern. We tested this hypothesis by applying the monoclonal antibody IN-1, which neutralizes this inhibitory activity, during the time of postnatal fiber growth and terminal arbor formation. We found that in the presence of IN-1, but not a control antibody, recrossing retinofugal fibers, observed at postnatal day 12, traverse the stratum opticum as well as the superficial gray, with greater depth of termination in superficial gray and stratum opticum. This pattern resembles that of the normal contralateral retinotectal projection. The results indicate that neurite growth inhibitors expressed by oligodendrocytes are responsible for restricting the innervation of a target area in postnatal plasticity.
Stabilization of alpha-helical structures in short peptides via end capping. (1993)

The alpha-helix-stabilizing effect of different amino acid residues at the helical termini of short peptides in aqueous solution has been determined. Several dodecapeptides containing alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, and serine at the amino terminus and arginine, lysine, and alanine at the carboxyl terminus were synthesized, and the alpha-helical content of each peptide was measured by using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The trend in alpha-helix-inducing ability of these amino acids was found to be as follows: aspartate > asparagine > serine > glutamate > glutamine > alanine at the amino terminus and arginine > lysine > alanine at the carboxyl terminus. Our results agree with the Presta and Rose hypothesis [Presta, L. G. & Rose, G. D. (1988) Science 240, 1632-1641] on the role of end capping in helix stabilization.
Stickstoffheterocyclen, 1: Zur Reaktion von Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐disulfiden mit Diazoalkanen (1978)

Abstract 13 C‐NMR‐Spektren und Abbaureaktionen zeigen, daß den von Stollé und Mitarbb. aus Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐disulfiden und Diazoalkanen erhaltenen Verbindungen die N , S ‐Acetal‐Struktur 3 zukommt. Daneben entstehen die S , S ‐Acetale 4 . Ein möglicher Mechanismus und die Anwendungsbreite der Titelreaktion werden diskutiert.
Assessment of in Vitro Bioactivity of Hyaluronic Acid and Sulfated Hyaluronic Acid Functionalized Electroactive Polymer (2004)

Electrically conductive polypyrrole (PPY) was surface functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated hyaluronic acid (SHA) to improve its surface biocompatibility. The immobilization of HA on the PPY film was facilitated by the use of a cross-linker having the appropriate functional groups. The biological activity of the HA functionalized PPY film was assessed by means of an in vitro PC12 cell culture. The cell attachment on different substrates was studied and determined by bicinchoninic acid protein analysis. Cell attachment on the HA functionalized PPY film surface was significantly enhanced in the presence of nerve growth factor. The SHA functionalized PPY film was obtained by the sulfonation of the immobilized HA using pyridinesulfonate. The retention of the biological activity of the immobilized HA after sulfonation was evaluated by the in vitro assessment of the plasma recalcification time (PRT) and platelet adhesion on the substrate. The PRT observed from the SHA functionalized PPY film was significantly prolonged compared with the HA functionalized PPY. Some reduction of platelet adhesion was observed for the SHA functionalized PPY film, compared with that of the HA functionalized PPY film.
Glandular Epithelial Cells From Mice: A Method for Selective Cultivation2 (1974)

Journal Article Glandular Epithelial Cells From Mice: A Method for Selective Cultivation Get access Robert B. Owens Robert B. Owens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 4, April 1974, Pages 1375–1378, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.4.1375 Published: 01 April 1974 Article history Received: 02 November 1973 Accepted: 23 January 1974 Published: 01 April 1974
Evaluation of the serum N ‐linked glycome for the diagnosis of cancer and chronic inflammation (2008)

The identification of serum biomarkers has lead to improvements in the detection and diagnosis of cancer, and combinations of these biomarkers have increased further their sensitivity and specificity. Glycosylation is the most common PTM of secreted proteins and the identification of novel serum glyco-biomarkers has become a topic of increasing interest because the glycan processing pathways are frequently disturbed in cancer cells. A future goal is to combine current biomarkers with glyco-biomarkers to yield further improvements. Well characterised N-glycosylation changes in the serum glycome of cancer patients include changes in the levels of tri- and tetra-antennary glycan structures, sialyl Lewis X epitopes and agalactosylated bi-antennary glycans. Several of these glycosylated markers have been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, promoting questions about the links between inflammation and cancer. In this review, the glycoproteins which display these glycan epitopes, the glycosyl transferases which can generate them, their potential functions and their use as biomarkers are evaluated.
Nucleation of Microbiologic Calcification by Proteolipid (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>&nbsp;
An Evaluation of Image Sampling and Compression for Human Iris Recognition (2007)

The resilience of identity verification systems to subsampling and compression of human iris images is investigated for three high-performance iris-matching algorithms. For evaluation, 2156 images from 308 irises from the extended Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation database were mapped into a rectangular format with 512 pixels circumferentially and 80 radially. For identity verification, the 48 rows that were closest to the pupil were taken and images were resized by subsampling their Fourier coefficients. Negligible degradation in verification is observed if at least 171 circumferential and 16 radial Fourier coefficients are preserved, which would correspond to sampling the polar image at 342 times 32 pixels. With JPEG2000 compression, improved matching performance is observed down to 0.3 b/pixel (bpp), attributed to noise reduction without a significant loss of texture. To ensure that the iris-matching algorithms studied are not degraded by image compression, it is recommended that normalized iris images should be exchanged at 512 times 80 pixel resolution, compressed by JPEG 2000 to 0.5 bpp. This achieves a smaller file size than the ANSI/INCITS 379-2004 iris image interchange format.
Genetic Divergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Ethiopian Clade C Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Rapid Development of Resistance against Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of RT (2002)

We sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed the reverse transcriptase (RT) region of five human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from treatment-naive Ethiopian émigrés to Israel. Heteroduplex mobility assays were performed to confirm the clade C status of env genomic regions. The RT sequences showed that the strains clustered phylogenetically with clade C viruses, and a KVEQ-specific motif of silent mutations (amino acids 65, 106, 138, and 161, respectively) at resistance sites was present in the polymerase region of all studied Ethiopian isolates and subtype C reference strains. In addition, many other silent mutations were observed in the clade C viruses at various resistance sites. In general, the Ethiopian isolates were more closely related genotypically to a clade C reference strain from Botswana (southern Africa) than to previously sequenced Ethiopian reference strains. Genotypic analysis showed that two Ethiopian isolates naturally harbored the mutations K70R and G190A associated with resistance to ZDV and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively. Phenotypic assays revealed that the K70R substitution in this context did not reduce susceptibility to ZDV, whereas the G190A substitution resulted in high-level resistance to nevirapine (NVP). Moreover, variants resistant to NVP, delavirdine (DLV), and efavirenz (EFV) were more rapidly selected at lower drug doses culture with clade C than with clade B wild-type isolates. In the case of subtype C, selection with NVP and/or EFV led to the appearance of several previously unseen mutations in RT, i.e., V106M and S98I, as well as other mutations that have been previously reported (e.g., K103N, V106A, V108I, and Y181C). After selection with DLV, a polymorphism, A62A, initially observed in the Ethiopian isolate 4762, mutated to A62V; the latter is a secondary substitution associated with multidrug resistance against nucleoside RT inhibitors. Phenotypic analysis of clade C mutants selected against NVP, DLV, and EFV revealed broad cross-resistance, particularly in regard to NVP and DLV. These findings suggest that RT genotypic diversity may influence the emergence of drug resistance.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in the Pig: Control of Pronuclear Formation and Integration with Improved Methods for Activation and Maintenance of Pregnancy1 (2002)

To clone a pig from somatic cells, we first validated an electrical activation method for use on ovulated oocytes. We then evaluated delayed versus simultaneous activation (DA vs. SA) strategies, the use of 2 nuclear donor cells, and the use of cytoskeletal inhibitors during nuclear transfer. Using enucleated ovulated oocytes as cytoplasts for fetal fibroblast nuclei and transferring cloned embryos into a recipient within 2 h of activation, a 2-h delay between electrical fusion and activation yielded blastocysts more reliably and with a higher nuclear count than did SA. Comparable rates of development using DA were obtained following culture of embryos cloned from ovulated or in vitro-matured cytoplasts and fibroblast or cumulus nuclei. Treatment of cloned embryos with cytochalasin B (CB) postfusion and for 6 h after DA had no impact on blastocyst development as compared with CB treatment postfusion only. Inclusion of a microtubule inhibitor such as nocodozole with CB before and after DA improved nuclear retention and favored the formation of single pronuclei in experiments using a membrane dye to reliably monitor fusion. However, no improvement in blastocyst development was observed. Using fetal fibroblasts as nuclear donor cells, a live cloned piglet was produced in a pregnancy that was maintained by cotransfer of parthenogenetic embryos.
Efficient dopants for ZrNiSn-based thermoelectric materials (1999)

Four efficient n-type dopants have been found for ZrNiSn-based thermoelectric materials. These are Nb or Ta at the zirconium sites, and Sb or Bi at the tin sites. No suitable dopant was found for the nickel sites. In a alloy, a power factor of and a thermal conductivity of were measured at 300 K, resulting in a dimensionless figure of merit ZT = 0.12. These values are increased to and at 700 K.
Monitoring Toxic Substances (1979)

Since the 1950's we have been exposed to a flood of chemicals which were not tested for carcinogenicity or mutagenicity before use — from flame retardants in our children's pajamas to pesticides accumulating in our body fat. There are now about 35,000 commercial chemicals being made on a regular basis and 1,000 new ones are added every year. Even if only 1% of the known chemicals are mutagens or carcinogens, this could represent a serious problem. In the past, this problem was largely ignored, and even very large volume chemicals, involving extensive human exposure, have been produced for decades without adequate carcinogenicity or mutagenicity tests, e.g., vinyl chloride (2.5 billion kg/year, U.S.), ethylene dichloride (3.5 billion kg/year, U.S.), and a host of pesticides. A small fraction of these chemicals is now being tested in animals, but, for the vast majority of them, the only experimental animal is still the human,
Identification of nitrogen chemical states in N-doped ZnO via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2005)

Nitrogen-doped films of ZnO grown by two methods, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and reactive sputtering, were studied with x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). Systematic differences in the N chemical states were observed between films grown by sputtering and MOCVD: only two N chemical states were observed in films grown by reactive sputtering, whereas four N chemical states were observed in MOCVD films. To aid in the assignment of the N chemical states, photoemission data from the polycrystalline films were compared with data taken on N2+-implanted Zn metal and N2+-implanted ZnO. High-resolution core level spectra of the N1s region indicated that nitrogen can occupy at least four different chemical environments in ZnO; these include the NO acceptor, the double donor (N2)O, and two carbon–nitrogen species. Valence band spectra indicate that the Fermi energy of all films studied was near the conduction band minimum, implying that the films remained n-type after nitrogen doping. Analysis of the relative amounts of acceptors and donors identified by XPS in the sputter-grown films provides clues as to why only a small percentage of incorporated nitrogen is found to contribute to carriers, and points toward possible paths to higher quality ZnO:N films.
Fully planar 0.562μm/sup 2/ T-RAM cell in a 130nm SOI CMOS logic technology for high-density high-performance SRAMs (2005)

Major advancements in T-RAM cell manufacturability are reported. A fully planar implementation of a T-RAM cell is presented, which is easily integrated into a baseline 130nm SOI CMOS logic technology by adding photo-mask and ion-implantation steps. The cell area of 0.562/spl mu/m/sup 2/ (33F/sup 2/) is four times smaller than conventional 6T-SRAM. A new scheme, called Restore, significantly improves control of the cell standby current. Excellent T-RAM cell temperature stability is demonstrated between 0/spl deg/C and 125/spl deg/C. Measurement results from a 9Mb T-RAM test chip with full SRAM functionality show good bit yield, 2ns cell write speed, 1.7ns cell read speed, and a cell standby current of /spl sim/1nA/cell.
Actin polymerization and pseudopod reorganization accompany anti-CD3-induced growth arrest in Jurkat T cells. (1993)

T cell activation via CD3/Ti linked pathways results in the polymerization and reorganization of actin. However, little is known about the morphology and temporal appearance of filamentous actin (F-actin) after activation. Similarly, little is known about the relationship between F-actin and changes in cell shape or other parameters of activation, such as the appearance of proteins newly phosphorylated on tyrosine, that occur after stimulation via the CD3/Ti complex. Accordingly, we have characterized changes in cell shape and F-actin morphology occurring in the Jurkat T cell leukemia attached to the surface of culture vessels by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies (OKT3, UCHT-1, SPV-T3b). These antibodies induced activation within 30 min as measured by increased protein tyrosine kinase activity and conversion of the proto-oncogene product, lck, from 56 kDa to 60 kDa (p56lck conversion), and after 12 to 96 h as measured by growth arrest and, in some experiments, IL-2 production. Activation was not seen when cells were attached to the substrates using antibodies directed to other cell surface proteins including CD71 (transferrin receptor), CD7, and CD11a (LFA-1), demonstrating the specificity of activation for immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies. Temporal changes in cell shape and F-actin morphology were characterized in Jurkat cells attached by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies (stimulatory antibodies) and compared with the patterns obtained obtained in Jurkat cells attached by antibodies specific for the other markers (nonstimulatory antibodies). In these experiments, Jurkat cells were incubated with antibody-coated substrates for 1 to 30 min at 37 degrees C and actin rearrangements were visualized on fixed, detergent-permeabilized cells using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin. Analysis of cell shape and F-actin morphology during the first 30 min of activation revealed a unique pattern that was observed only when cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies. Jurkat cells attached by either stimulatory or nonstimulatory antibodies reorganized their actin similarly after the first minute of culture, as characterized by the formation of small, F-actin rich pseudopods at the sites of attachment. After 5 min of culture in cells attached by stimulatory antibodies, the actin was polymerized into a dense collar rimming the inner edge of the cell. From 15 to 60 min, this collar was replaced by numerous F-actin rich, branched pseudopods. These branched pseudopods were larger and had longer microfilament bundles than their earlier counterparts. By contrast, in cells attached by nonstimulatory antibodies, the initial configuration was maintained for at least 60 min, except that a decrease in microfilament bundle length was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Time-domain frequency-selective optical data storage (1982)

It is shown that both the spatial and the temporal behavior of a laser pulse can be stored in and recalled from the spatial and spectral distribution of population in the ground state of an inhomogeneously broadened sample. Implications with regard to high-speed frequency-selective optical memories and ultra-high-speed holographic motion pictures are discussed.
Scanning Microcalorimetric Investigations of Phase Transitions in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Poly(oxypropylene) (1995)

High-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HSDSC) has been used to investigate, in detail, phase transitions in dilute aqueous solutions of poly(oxypropylene), POP. The calorimetric traces are distinctly asymmetric, which suggests an aggregation process though the reported contemporaneous appearance of clouding indicates that phase separation is occurring. Two equilibrium schemes are proposed to account for the HSDSC output: monomer reversible arrow aggregate reversible arrow separate phase or monomer reversible arrow; separate phase. The first proposes that aggregation is a precursor to phase separation. The second ignores this possibility. Model simulations of the HSDSC output of both phase separation and aggregation have been performed and compared with systems which are believed to either aggregate or phase separate. The data appear to be more suitably described by the scheme which has aggregation as a midway step. Model fitting to the aggregation model of the apparent excess heat capacity-temperature function has allowed evaluation of the van't Hoff enthalpy. The effects of molecular mass, concentration, and scan rate on the characteristic thermodynamic parameters of the POP transitions have been evaluated. In addition the results have been compared with thermodynamic parameters obtained from a study of aqueous solutions of two poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) -poly(oxyethylene) (pluronic) block copolymers in order to investigate the effect of poly(oxyethylene) on the phase transitions. HSDSC model fitting suggests that the aggregation process involves several molecular clusters. The number of clusters and indeed the number of molecular chains comprising a cluster are dependent upon the molecular weight of the poly(oxypropylene) and, for the pluronics, on the presence of poly(oxyethylene) blocks. These numbers however appear to be relatively insensitive to changes in concentration. Finally an enthalpy-entropy compensation plot indicates that the underlying solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions which give rise to the phase transitions are the same regardless of sample.