gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostische Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Thrombelastographie/-metrie / Diagnostic potential and limitations of thrombelastography/-metry (2007)

Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Gerinnungsparametern ermöglicht die Thrombelastographie/-metrie auch eine Beurteilung der Gerinnselfestigkeit und -stabilität. Durch die Verwendung von standardisierten Testansätzen ist in der Thrombelastometrie zudem sowohl eine Abschätzung des plasmatischen als auch des thrombozytären Anteils der Gerinnselfestigkeit möglich- mit entsprechenden therapeutischen Konsequenzen. Aufgrund der komplexen funktionellen Interaktion zwischen Thrombozyten und Fibrinogen (sowie des Einflusses von weiteren funktionellen Faktoren wie Faktor XIII, Dysfibrinogenämie u.ä.) ist eine Abschätzung der Gerinnselfestigkeit anhand der Thrombozytenzahl und der Fibrinogenkonzentration im Einzelfall nicht möglich. Ebenso wenig kann mittels der D-Dimer-Analyse in der perioperativen Situation eine Hyperfibrinolyse abgeleitet werden. Nicht erfassen hingegen kann die Thrombelastographie/-metrie Störungen der primären Hämostase (z.B. von-Willebrand-Syndrom) und den Effekt von Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern (Ausnahme: „Thrombozytenmapping”). Demnach ist die Bedeutung der Thrombelastometrie/-grafie im präoperativen bzw. im, „internistischen” Bereich derzeit als eher untergeordnet zu betrachten. Die Indikationen der Thrombelastometrie liegen in der Diagnostik der Hyperfibrinolyse und der Abklärung von unklaren intra- und postoperativen Blutungen. Zudem erlaubt die Thrombelastometrie ein gutes Monitoring einer Fibrinogensubstitution. Mit der Rotationsthrombelastometrie (ROTEM ® ) steht ein System zur Verfügung welches auch als „Bedside-System” die Erstellung von validen thrombelastometrischen Kurven erlaubt.
Aurora-A Overexpression Leads to Override of the Microtubule-Kinetochore Attachment Checkpoint (2003)

The amplification of AURORA-A is frequently observed in specific epithelial cell malignancies. The overexpression of aurora-A, a Ser-Thr kinase known to localize to centrosomes during mitosis, appears to imbue cancerous cells with resistance to spindle-checkpoint-targeting drugs such as paclitaxel (Taxol). Indeed, a recent publication by Anand et al. indicates that overexpression of AURORA-A may interfere with spindle-microtubule attachment and disrupt the regulation of the spindle checkpoint by allowing cells with abnormal chromosomal separation to enter anaphase. Thus, the design of new drugs that specifically target aurora-A rather than other checkpoint proteins might alleviate the resistance to Taxol-like clinical therapeutics observed in some tumors.
A target‐site mutation is present in a glyphosate‐resistant Lolium rigidum population (2006)

Summary Annual ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ) is the only weed species to have evolved resistance to the broad‐spectrum herbicide glyphosate in Australia. A population that had failed to be controlled by glyphosate was collected from a vineyard in the Adelaide Hills region of South Australia. Dose–response experiments on this population (SLR 77) showed that it was glyphosate resistant, with an LD 50 that was 1.9–3.4 times higher than that of a susceptible population (VLR 1). The movement of radiolabelled glyphosate within SLR 77 plants showed that this population did not have the differential glyphosate translocation mechanism of resistance common to several other Australian glyphosate‐resistant populations. Subsequent analysis of shikimic acid accumulation within the plant after glyphosate treatment showed that this population accumulated significantly less shikimic acid than a susceptible population, but more than a glyphosate‐resistant population with the translocation mechanism, indicating the possible involvement of another mechanism of resistance. Sequencing of a portion of the SLR 77 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase gene was carried out and a mutation causing an amino acid change at position 106 from proline to threonine was identified. This mutation is likely to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in this population, as mutations in this position have been found to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in goosegrass ( Eleusine indica ) from Malaysia. This paper represents the first report of target‐site glyphosate resistance in L. rigidum and provides evidence that this species has at least two mechanisms of glyphosate resistance present in Australia.
A Novel Planar Left-Handed Transmission Line using Grounded Rectangular Patch with Meander Line (2006)

In this paper, a novel planar composite right- and left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) of grounded rectangular patch with meander-line and its equivalent circuit are proposed. The dispersion relations are analytically derived using the equivalent circuit and Bloch-Floquet theory. The measured results have good agreements with those of simulation and theory. The fractional bandwidth for left-handed region is measured to be 74 percent from 0.65GHz to 1.42GHz.
Gliadin Characterization by Sans and Gliadin Nanoparticle Growth Modelization (2006)

Nanosized colloidal carriers can ensure a controlled and targeted therapeutic substances delivery. The original contribution of this work was to use biopolymers of vegetable source, which are an interesting alternative to synthetic polymers. The aim of this study was to prepare submicronic particles from wheat proteins: Gliadins extracted from gluten. The carrier preparation was based on the desolvatation of the macromolecules by a couple solvent/non-solvent of the proteins. In a first step, it was of interest to elucidate the gliadin macromolecular conformation in order to understand the mechanism of nanoparticle formation. The experimental work was based on SANS experiments. Because the size of the colloidal particle suspension is an important parameter to monitor, the modelization of the particle growth was thoroughly studied. Furthermore, it was observed that the determination of the solubility parameters of the proteins allowed optimization of the size of the particles. From those previous experimental results it can be concluded that there is a correlation between the protein conformation in the solvent and the size of the nanoparticles (NP).
Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders: A Comprehensive Review (2012)

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique of neuromodulation and neurostimulation based on the principle of electromagnetic induction of an electric field in the brain. The coil (H-coil) used in deep TMS is able to modulate cortical excitability up to a maximum depth of 6 cm and is therefore able not only to modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex but also the activity of deeper neural circuits. Deep TMS is largely used for the treatment of drug-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and is being tested to treat a very wide range of neurological, psychiatric and medical conditions. The aim of this review is to illustrate the biophysical principles of deep TMS, to explain the pathophysiological basis for its utilization in each psychiatric disorder (major depression, autism, bipolar depression, auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms of schizophrenia), to summarize the results presented thus far in the international scientific literature regarding the use of deep TMS in psychiatry, its side effects and its effects on cognitive functions.
Rearrangements of sulfoxides and sulfones in the total synthesis of natural compounds (2001)

Data on applications of the most important rearrangements of sulfoxides and sulfones to stereoselective total syntheses of natural compounds are systematised. The bibliography includes 175 references.
Identification of Genes Targeted by CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Neuroblastomas, and Their Possible Integrative Involvement in Poor Prognosis (2008)

Our results indicate that the CIMP causes poor prognosis of NBLs by inducing methylation of multiple promoter CGIs with various incidences.
Novel pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives. By‐products of a guanidine based thymine synthesis (1991)

Abstract The isolation, structural elucidation, directed preparation and some derivatives of three previously unknown heterocycles is reported. Arising from a guanidine based thymine synthesis, these novel compounds exhibit substituted and fused pyrimidine structures repectively.
Endovascular interventional magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

Minimally invasive interventional radiological procedures, such as balloon angioplasty, stent placement or coiling of aneurysms, play an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients suffering from vascular disease. The non-destructive nature of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its ability to combine the acquisition of high quality anatomical images and functional information, such as blood flow velocities, perfusion and diffusion, together with its inherent three dimensionality and tomographic imaging capacities, have been advocated as advantages of using the MRI technique for guidance of endovascular radiological interventions. Within this light, endovascular interventional MRI has emerged as an interesting and promising new branch of interventional radiology. In this review article, the authors will give an overview of the most important issues related to this field. In this context, we will focus on the prerequisites for endovascular interventional MRI to come to maturity. In particular, the various approaches for device tracking that were proposed will be discussed and categorized. Furthermore, dedicated MRI systems, safety and compatibility issues and promising applications that could become clinical practice in the future will be discussed.
Pathogenic Mutation of ALK2 Inhibits Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming and Maintenance: Mechanisms of Reprogramming and Strategy for Drug Identification (2012)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by progressive ossification of soft tissues. FOP is caused by mutations in activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) that cause its constitutive activation and result in dysregulation of BMP signaling. Here, we show that generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from FOP-derived skin fibroblasts is repressed because of incomplete reprogramming and inhibition of iPSC maintenance. This repression was mostly overcome by specific suppression of ALK2 expression and treatment with an ALK2 inhibitor, indicating that the inhibition of iPSC generation and maintenance observed in FOP-derived skin fibroblasts results from constitutive activation of ALK2. Using this system, we identified an ALK2 inhibitor as a potential candidate for future drug development. This study highlights the potential of the inhibited production and maintenance of iPSCs seen in diseases as a useful phenotype not only for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying iPS reprogramming but also for identifying drug candidates for future therapies.
Sheep wool (glycine + tyrosine)-rich keratin genes. A family of low sequence homology (1987)

We report the isolation and complete nucleotide sequence of genes encoding the two major high-(glycine + tyrosine) (HGT) keratins of sheep wool in separate genomic clones. The genes have negligible sequence homology except for an 18-bp conserved element immediately preceding the initiation codon. The same element has been found in the corresponding position of a number of co-expressed high-sulphur (HS) keratin genes and may therefore represent a common element between these wool intermediate-filament-associated proteins. As seen for the HS keratin genes, the HGT keratin genes also lack introns. Southern blot data show that both HGT genes are unique in the sheep genome, indicating that the observed heterogeneity of the HGT protein class may not be as complex as previously suggested.
Targeted disruption of p107: functional overlap between p107 and Rb. (1996)

To explore the physiological role of p107, a member of retinoblastoma gene (Rb) family, we disrupted the mouse gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. p107 homozygous mutant mice were viable, fertile, and displayed no obvious abnormalities. To investigate possible functional overlap between p107 and Rb, mice with mutations at both loci were generated. Rb+/-;p107-/- mice have a pronounced growth retardation and increased mortality rate during the first 3 weeks after birth. The Rb+/-;p107-/- pups that survive to adulthood did not show any altered tumor predisposition when compared with Rb+/- mice but developed multiple dysplastic lesions of the retina. Embryos homozygous for both Rb and p107 died at approximately 11.5 days of gestation, 2 days earlier than embryos homozygous for Rb alone. Histological examination revealed accelerated apoptosis in the liver and the central nervous system of Rb-/-;p107-/- embryos relative to Rb-/- embryos. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that p107 and Rb have overlapping functions in some tissues of the developing and adult mouse.
Design and Synthesis of 5-Aryl-pyridone-carboxamides as Inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (2006)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a promising new target for therapy of certain cancers such as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). We have identified a series of novel pyridones as kinase inhibitors of ALK by application of a stepwise process involving in vitro screening of a novel targeted library followed by iterative template modification based on medicinal chemistry insights and computational ranking of virtual libraries. Using this process, we discovered ALK-selective inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity. Herein the details of the design process and synthesis of these novel pyridones, along with their enzymatic and cell-based activity, are discussed.
Approaches to passage retrieval in full text information systems (1993)

Large collections of full-text documents are now commonly used in automated information retrieval. When the stored document texts are long, the retrieval of complete documents may not be in the users' best interest. In such circumstance, efficient and effective retrieval results may be obtained by using passage retrieval strategies designed to retrieve text excerpts of varying size in response to statements of user interest.
Recognition of double helical DNA by alternate strand triple helix formation (1992)

The triplet specificities and required strand orientations of two classes of DNA triple helices can be combined to&#13;\ntarget double helical sequences containing all four base pairs by alternate strand triple helix formation. This allows for the&#13;\nuse of oligonucleotides containing only natural 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages to simultaneously bind both strands of double&#13;\nhelical DNA in the major groove. The stabilities and structures of these alternate strand triple helices depend on whether&#13;\nthe binding site sequence is 5'-(purine)_m(pyrimidine)_n-3' or 5'-(pyrimidine)_m(purine)_n-3'. The sequence type 5'-(purine)_m-(pyrimidine)_n-3' was targeted with an oligonucleotide consisting of a pyrimidine domain and a purine domain linked by a 3'-5'&#13;\nphosphodiester. To bind the duplex sequence type 5'-(pyrimidine)_m(purine)_n-3', the third strand requires at least two nucleotides&#13;\nlinking binding domains at the site of crossover in the major groove. A new class of oligonucleotides capable of binding mixed&#13;\nduplex sequences by crossovers in the major groove may be possible.
Construction and behavior of circularly permuted and telocentric chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

We developed techniques that allow us to construct novel variants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes. These modified chromosomes have precisely determined structures. A metacentric derivative of chromosome III which lacks the telomere-associated X and Y' elements, which are found at the telomeres of most yeast chromosomes, behaves normally in both mitosis and meiosis. We made a circularly permuted telocentric version of yeast chromosome III whose closest telomere was 33 kilobases from the centromere. This telocentric chromosome was lost at a frequency of 1.6 X 10(-5) per cell compared with a frequency of 4.0 X 10(-6) for the natural metacentric version of chromosome III. An extremely telocentric chromosome whose closet telomere was only 3.5 kilobases from the centromere was lost at a frequency of 6.0 X 10(-5). The mitotic stability of telocentric chromosomes shows that the very high frequency of nondisjunction observed for short linear artificial chromosomes is not due to inadequate centromere-telomere separation.
Angle Invariance for Distance Measurements Using a Single Camera (2006)

Various types of sensors are available to implement distance measurement for mobile robots. Scene recognition and path planning point to the use of optical imaging systems and machine vision approaches. For middle size robots, such as those used in robotic football league, reduced weight and volume are mandatory, and a single camera fixed on the robot is the usual choice. 3D localization of objects with such a simple system is impossible, unless some knowledge of the environment and/or objects is available. Localization in 3D space needs three coordinates. The common central projection used in linear image produces a 2D image, from which only two coordinates can be extracted. For the central projection system, any point in a straight line to the lens optical centre of the lens has the same image pixel representation. The distance from the object to the optical centre is the unknown coordinate to be obtained by processing other information. In the case of mobile robots, the movement is usually on a plane surface, meaning that height and camera orientation remain constant. If the object is also at a fixed height, its possible positions define a horizontal plane, and its particular location can be obtained by intersecting this plane with the straight line defined by the corresponding image point on the sensor and the lens optical centre. This work presents both a calculation method and also a calibration procedure for this setup. This paper concerns the use of linear optical systems, where angles to the optical axis are maintained for both image and object sides. For optical systems with radial distortions, such as barrel and pincushion types, a one-dimensional function relating object and image side angles can be used to compensate the non linearity and allow this approach to be used. Also in vision systems, where mirrors are combined with normal lens to allow 360deg viewing, similar image-object angular relationships can be used to compute target positions
Formation of n -Butanol from d -Glucose by Strains of the “ Clostridium tetanomorphum ” Group (1984)

A clostridial strain has been isolated that produced n-butanol, ethanol, butyrate, and acetate as major fermentation products from glucose but no acetone. At a pH of 6.6, n-butanol was formed by this microorganism only during growth. On the basis of its physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA homology data, the strain was assigned to the "Clostridium tetanomorphum" group (S. Nakamura, I. Okado, T. Abe, and S. Nishida, J. Gen. Microbiol. 113:29-35, 1979). All members of this group were shown to produce n-butanol from glucose as the major fermentation product, whereas C. cochlearium produced it in only minor amounts.
CAR therapy: the CD19 paradigm (2015)

Twenty-five years after its inception, the genetic engineering of T cells is now a therapeutic modality pursued at an increasing number of medical centers. This immunotherapeutic strategy is predicated on gene transfer technology to instruct T lymphocytes to recognize and reject tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that mediate antigen recognition, T cell activation, and - in the case of second-generation CARs - costimulation to augment T cell functionality and persistence. We demonstrated over a decade ago that human T cells engineered with a CD19-specific CAR eradicated B cell malignancies in mice. Several phase I clinical trials eventually yielded dramatic results in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review recounts the milestones of CD19 CAR therapy and summarizes lessons learned from the CD19 paradigm.
Human and equine cardiovascular endocrinology (2013)

Cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides are routinely used in human medicine for the evaluation of myocardial damage and heart failure. Recently, these markers have also been introduced in veterinary medicine. Comparison between human and equine cardiac biomarker studies show important species differences, which can partly be explained by variations in physiology or pathophysiology. Most important are physiological differences in heart rate, cardiovascular response to exercise, food and water intake, and molecular elimination in plasma. Pathological differences are even more prominent. In humans, troponins and natriuretic peptides are mostly used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. These cardiac entities, however, are rare in horses. In this species, cardiac biomarkers are rather proposed for the assessment of valvular or myocardial disease. In conclusion, these species differences corroborate that extrapolation of cardiac biomarker data should always be performed with caution and species-specific data should be applied whenever possible.
Soluble CD40L (2003)

Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L identify patients with acute coronary syndromes at heightened risk of death and recurrent MI independent of other predictive variables, including cTnI and CRP. Notably, combined assessment of sCD40L with cTnI complements prognostic information for death and MI.
Reducing the Environmental Sensitivity of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (2001)

Yellow mutants of the green fluorescent protein (YFP) are crucial constituents of genetically encoded indicators of signal transduction and fusions to monitor protein-protein interactions. However, previous YFPs show excessive pH sensitivity, chloride interference, poor photostability, or poor expression at 37 degrees C. Protein evolution in Escherichia coli has produced a new YFP named Citrine, in which the mutation Q69M confers a much lower pK(a) (5.7) than for previous YFPs, indifference to chloride, twice the photostability of previous YFPs, and much better expression at 37 degrees C and in organelles. The halide resistance is explained by a 2.2-A x-ray crystal structure of Citrine, showing that the methionine side chain fills what was once a large halide-binding cavity adjacent to the chromophore. Insertion of calmodulin within Citrine or fusion of cyan fluorescent protein, calmodulin, a calmodulin-binding peptide and Citrine has generated improved calcium indicators. These chimeras can be targeted to multiple cellular locations and have permitted the first single-cell imaging of free [Ca(2+)] in the Golgi. Citrine is superior to all previous YFPs except when pH or halide sensitivity is desired and is particularly advantageous within genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of physiological signals.