gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kidney Diseases Caused by Complement Dysregulation: Acquired, Inherited, and Still More to Come (2012)

Inherited and acquired dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway plays an important role in multiple renal diseases. In recent years, the identification of disease-causing mutations and genetic variants in complement regulatory proteins has contributed significantly to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of complement associated glomerulopathies. In these diseases defective complement control leading to the deposition of activated complement products plays a key role. Consequently, complement-related glomerulopathies characterized by glomerular complement component 3 (C3) deposition in the absence of local immunoglobulin deposits are now collectively described by the term "C3 glomerulopathies." Therapeutic strategies for reestablishing complement regulation by either complement blockade with the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab or plasma substitution have been successful in several cases of C3 glomerulopathies. However, further elucidation of the underlying defects in the alternative complement pathway is awaited to develop pathogenesis-specific therapies.
Respiratory burst in adherent human neutrophils: triggering by colony- stimulating factors CSF-GM and CSF-G (1989)

Abstract Human neutrophils adherent to proteins derived from serum or plasma, or to the basement membrane protein laminin, underwent a delayed but massive respiratory burst in response to recombinant human CSF-GM or CSF-G. No such response was elicited from neutrophils in suspension. On a molar basis, CSF-GM (EC50 approximately 126 pmol/L) and CSF-G (EC50 approximately 585 pmol/L) were about as potent as TNF alpha and TNF beta in their elicitation of H2O2 release and orders of magnitude more potent than previously studied formylated peptides or C5a. CSF-GM and CSF-G prime suspended neutrophils for a respiratory burst in response to soluble agonists, such as formylated peptides. Compared to the CSF- primed respiratory burst of nonadherent neutrophils, the CSF-triggered response of adherent neutrophils is markedly more delayed in onset (73 to 95 minutes), prolonged in duration (150 to 180 minutes), and greater in extent (approximately 60 to 100 nmol H2O2 released/10(6) neutrophils). Neither CSF-M, interleukin-3 (IL-3), nor bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggered the respiratory burst in adherent neutrophils, nor did CSF-GM or CSF-G trigger a respiratory burst in adherent monocytes. Release of CSF-GM and CSF-G in response to antigens, bacterial products, or cytokines may give mononuclear cells control over the respiratory burst of noncirculating neutrophils during inflammatory and immune responses.
Immunoassays with Direct Mass Spectrometric Detection (2006)

A rapid, specific, and sensitive method for the detection of protein-protein interactions is of crucial importance for drug discovery and clinical diagnostics. Mass spectrometry plays a major role in the analysis of proteins, but its application to the routine analysis of protein complexes has been lagging behind. A new strategy for high-throughput analysis of protein interactions is presented here. We demonstrate application to immunochemical questions such as epitope mapping, kinetic studies, and sandwich assays. The methodology is based on a direct mass spectrometric readout for antigen-antibody complexes in the 150-400 kDa range. This has become possible using a novel detector technology and chemical cross-linking to stabilize complexes for analysis by MALDI MS. We demonstrate high detection sensitivity (femtomole quantities of antigen), high specificity (specific detection of antigen directly in serum), high accuracy, and high speed (minutes per assay), surpassing conventional analytical methods by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
X.—NEW BOOKS (1969)

Journal Article X.—NEW BOOKS Get access Basic Concept of Measurement. By BRIAN ELLIS. Cambridge University Press, 1966. Pp. 220. 45s. $8.50. PETER ALEXANDER PETER ALEXANDER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXXVIII, Issue 312, October 1969, Pages 627–631, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXXVIII.312.627 Published: 01 October 1969
The role of Ni buffer layer between InSn solder and Cu metallization for hermetic wafer bonding (2008)

In order to achieve low temperature hermetic sealing for MEMS and IC packaging, wafer-wafer bonding using In/Sn and Cu metallization system was investigated. We found that in order to get high bonding yield, a thin buffer layer between solder and Cu metallization is necessary except suitable bonding parameters. In this paper, diffusion phenomena between solders and metallization were studied, the conception of buffer layer for wafer eutectic wafer bonding was introduced, the effect of Ni thickness on the bonding and hermetic properties were reported.
Relation of spastic and flaccid paralysis to retrograde transport of 125I-tetanus toxin and its 125I-Ibc fragment. Modulating effect of F (ab) antibodies directed to specific areas on the toxin molecule. (1985)

The injection into mice of small doses of tetanus toxin induces spastic paralysis as is well-known, whereas large doses of toxin produce flaccid paralysis. The hypothesis has been put forward that the type of symptoms produced may depend on the axonal transport or the lack of axonal transport of the toxin molecule to the central nervous system. In the present paper we show that the lethal flaccid paralysis occurring in mice injected with a very large dose of toxin develops in the absence of any uptake and axonal transport of the toxin molecule. We also confirm that a tetanus toxin-derived fragment, the Ibc fragment, which is not transported retrogradely, produces flaccid paralysis. The blockage with the aid of specific antibody F(ab) fragments of the area on the toxin molecule which is involved in binding and axonal transport does prevent the toxin from being transported to the CNS and causes it to produce flaccid paralysis.
The role and mechanisms of double negative regulatory T cells in the suppression of immune responses. (2004)

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and in down-regulating various immune responses. Thus, there has recently been an increasing interest in studying the biology of Treg cells as well as their potential application in treating immune diseases. Many types of Treg cell subsets have been reported in a variety of disease models. Among these subsets, alpha beta TCR(+)CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative (DN) Treg cells are defined by their capability of inhibiting immune responses via directly killing effector T cells in an antigen specific fashion. Furthermore, DN Treg cells have been shown to develop regulatory activity after encountering specific antigens, partially mediated by the acquisition of MHC-peptide complexes from antigen presenting cells (APCs). The presentation of acquired alloantigens on DN T cells allows for the specific interaction between DN Treg cells and alloantigen reactive effector T cells. Once the DN Treg and target cells have come into contact, killing is then mediated by Fas/Fas-ligand interactions, and perhaps through other unidentified pathways. Further characterization of the functions, molecular expression and mechanisms of activation of DN Treg cells will help in the development of novel therapies to induce antigen specific tolerance to self and foreign antigens.
Making Macrophages Eat Cancer (2013)

Antibody-based therapies to treat cancer may get a boost from an adjuvant that prevents cancer cells from escaping engulfment by macrophages. [Also see Report by Weiskopf et al. ]
Minimum Storage Regenerating Codes for All Parameters (2017)

Regenerating codes for distributed storage have attracted much research interest in the past decade. Such codes trade the bandwidth needed to repair a failed node with the overall amount of data stored in the network. Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes are an important class of optimal regenerating codes that minimize (first) the amount of data stored per node and (then) the repair bandwidth. Specifically, an [n, k, d]-(α) MSR code C over F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> stores a file F consisting of αk symbols over F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> among n nodes, each storing α symbols, in such a way that: 1) the file F can be recovered by downloading the content of any k of then nodes and 2) the content of any failed node can be reconstructed by accessing any d of the remaining n - 1 nodes and downloading α/(d-k+1) symbols from each of these nodes. In practice, the file F is typically available in uncoded form on some k of the n nodes, known as systematic nodes, and the defining node-repair condition above can be relaxed to requiring the optimal repair bandwidth for systematic nodes only. Such codes are called systematic-repair MSR codes. Unfortunately, finite-α constructions of [n, k, d] MSR codes are known only for certain special cases: either low rate, namely k/n ≤ 0.5, or high repair connectivity, namely d = n - 1. Our main result in this paper is a finite-α construction of systematic-repair [n, k, d] MSR codes for all possible values of parameters n, k, d. We also introduce a generalized construction for [n, k] MSR codes to achieve the optimal repair bandwidth for all values of d simultaneously.
Accurate Low-Contrast 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction With Algebraic Methods (2007)

This paper examines the use of the Algebraic Reconstruction Method (ART) and related techniques to reconstruct 3D objects from a relatively sparse set of cone-beam projection data. Although ART has been widely used for cone-beam reconstruction of high-contrast objects, e.g. in computed angiography, we are interested in the more challenging low-contrast case which represents a little investigated scenario for ART. Preliminary experiments indicate that for cone angles greater than 20, traditional ART produces reconstructions with strong aliasing artifacts, obliterating much object detail. By analyzing the reconstruction process using signal processing principles it is revealed that the source of these artifacts is the non-uniform reconstruction grid sampling of the cone-beam rays. To eliminate these errors, we devise a new way of computing the weights of the reconstruction matrix. This new method is more adequate for cone-beam and replaces the usual constant-size interpolation...
Alpha-aminoadipate and kynurenine aminotransferase activities from rat kidney. Evidence for separate identity (1991)

alpha-Aminoadipate aminotransferase and kynurenine aminotransferase activities from rat kidney are reportedly associated with the same protein. We observed that when the supernatant fraction was maintained at pH 4.5 for 75 min, 100% of kynurenine aminotransferase activity was lost, whereas only 40% of aminoadipate aminotransferase activity was lost. We purified alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase and kynurenine aminotransferase from rat kidney supernatant fraction to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Kynurenine aminotransferase activity was precipitated by pH treatment. The remaining aminoadipate aminotransferase activity was concentrated and injected into rabbits to raise antibodies that were used to prepare an affinity column. A mixture of aminoadipate aminotransferase and kynurenine aminotransferase activities obtained after hydroxylapatite chromatography was subjected to affinity chromatography. Aminoadipate aminotransferase and kynurenine aminotransferase activities resolved as separate peaks, providing evidence that the two activities are associated with two different proteins.
Synthesis, in Vitro Antiviral Evaluation, and Stability Studies of Bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) Ester Derivatives of 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as Potential PMEA Prodrugs with Improved Oral Bioavailability (1996)

A new series of hitherto unknown 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) phosphonodiester derivatives incorporating carboxyesterase-labile S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) moieties as transient phosphonate-protecting groups was prepared in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of the antiviral agent PMEA. We report here a direct comparison of the in vitro anti-HIV and anti-HSV activities as well as the in vitro stability between the bis(SATE) derivatives and the already known PMEA prodrugs, namely, bis[(pivaloyloxy)methyl (POM)]- and bis[dithiodiethyl (DTE)]PMEA. All of the compounds tested showed an enhanced in vitro antiviral activity compared to the parent PMEA. The bis(POM)- and bis(tBu-SATE)PMEA derivatives were the most effective. However, striking differences between these two compounds were found during the stability studies. In particular the bis(tBu-SATE)PMEA was found to be more stable than bis(POM)PMEA in human gastric juice and human serum, suggesting it could be considered as a promising candidate for further in vivo development.
Active Object Recognition in Parametric Eigenspace (1998)

We present an efficient method within an active vision framework for recognizing objects which are ambiguous from certain viewpoints. The system is allowed to reposition the camera to capture additional views and, therefore, to resolve the classification result obtained from a single view. The approach uses an appearance based object representation, namely the parametric eigenspace, and augments it by probability distributions. This captures possible variations in the input images due to errors in the pre-processing chain or the imaging system. Furthermore, the use of probability distributions gives us a gauge to view planning. View planning is shown to be of great use in reducing the number of images to be captured when compared to a random strategy.
Research on recognition of wood defect types based on back-propagation neural network (2008)

Contrasting to the original method of identifying the types of wood defects which requires the experienced technical staff with good discrimination to consider the characteristics of wood defects in the image, this paper presents a new method which can identify the types of internal wood defects rapidly and accurately by BP neural network which can analyse the visual characteristics parameters of wood defects extracted from the wood digital image. It analyses the results that different network structure and network parameters impact the capability of wood defects classification, presents the best parameters of BP neural networks which is used to identify the types of wood defects. This paper presents the way of extracting the wood defect characteristics and the way of processing the wood digital image in which has the visual flaw such as noise and low contrast.
Highly Water-Soluble Magnetic Nanoparticles as Novel Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis for Water Reuse (2010)

Highly hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles have been molecularly designed. For the first time, the application of highly water-soluble magnetic nanoparticles as novel draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO) was systematically investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by various groups were synthesized to explore the correlation between the surface chemistry of magnetic nanoparticles and the achieved osmolality. We verified that magnetic nanoparticles capped with polyacrylic acid can yield the highest driving force and subsequently highest water flux among others. The used magnetic nanoparticles can be captured by the magnetic field and recycled back into the stream as draw solutes in the FO process. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles of different diameters were also synthesized to study the effect of particles size on FO performance. We demonstrate that the engineering of surface hydrophilicity and magnetic nanoparticle size is crucial in the application of nanoparticles as draw solutes in FO. It is believed that magnetic nanoparticles will soon be extensively used in this area.
Suppression of melanoma development and regression of melanoma in xiphophorine fish after treatment with immune RNA. (1981)

In xiphophorine fish suffering from a genetically caused melanoma, both suppression of melanoma development and regression of the existing melanoma were observed after treatment of the fish with an "anti-melanoma immune RNA." This RNA was extracted from the lymphoid organs of guinea pigs immunized with fish melanoma. RNA from guinea pigs immunized with fish skin or liver and RNA from nonimmunized guinea pigs were ineffective. RNase treatment of the anti-melanoma immune RNA diminished its activity, although Pronase treatment did not. Analysis of antisera obtained from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with either melanoma or normal skin of xiphophorine fish revealed differences in the immune responses induced by these tissues. The anti-melanoma sera recognized antigens in melanoma extracts, which were not present in skin extracts. These antigens were not recognized by the anti-skin sera. The results suggest specificity of the anti-melanoma immune RNA.
Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants hospitalized during an epidemic (1987)

Thirty-three infants with predisposing conditions and/or severely symptomatic with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were treated with aerosolized ribavirin during a 12-week period at Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. These patients were compared with 97 untreated patients with RSV infection hospitalized during the same epidemic. Despite preconditions which selected for a more seriously ill treatment group, patients who received ribavirin showed prompter resolution of the illness than did untreated controls. Greatest clinical improvement in treated patients occurred between the first and second days of ribavirin therapy; mean ribavirin treatment duration was 4.5 days. Ten of 22 ribavirin-treated patients continued to excrete RSV after conclusion of antiviral therapy. No adverse hematologic, renal or metabolic effects occurred with ribavirin therapy. Our experience with ribavirin therapy during a major epidemic confirms and extends the results of previous controlled evaluations demonstrating this treatment safe and effective in high risk and seriously ill infants with RSV bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia.
CRC handbook of chemistry and physics on CD-ROM (2002)

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics on CD-ROM, Version contains all of the information found in the most recent print edition in a convenient, electronic format. The CD-ROM offers practical utilities including the ability to search by structure, formula, or properties, cross-table searching, interactive data management, and data selection tools that allow you to customize the display and export data as needed. This version contains revisions, updates, expansions, archival material, and a plethora of mathematical tables. Entries presented in the 2010 CD-ROM include: Basic constants, units, and conversion factors; Symbols, terminology, and nomenclature; Physical constants of organic compounds; Properties of elements and inorganic compounds; Thermochemistry, electrochemistry, and kinetics; Fluid properties; Biochemistry Analytical chemistry; Molecular structure and spectroscopy; Nuclear and particle physics; Properties of solids; Polymer properties Geophysics, astronomy, and acoustics; Practical laboratory data; and, Health and science information. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics on CD-ROM, Version continues in the decades-old tradition of providing the most up-to-date and cutting-edge technology available today in these important fields.
Influence of Age at First Breeding on Growth, Reproduction, and Production of Well-Fed Holstein Heifers (1963)

Thirty-six purebred Holstein heifers were divided into three equal groups (I, II, and III) and bred the first estrus on or after 18, 14, and 10 months of age, respectively. All heifers were uniformly well-fed and managed under loose housing conditions throughout the entire experimental period.
Occlusion based interaction methods for tangible augmented reality environments (2004)

Traditional Tangible Augmented Reality (Tangible AR) interfaces combine a mixture of tangible user interface and augmented reality technology, complementing each other for novel interaction methods and real world anchored visualization. However, well known conventional one and two dimensional interaction methods such as pressing buttons, changing slider values, or menu selections are often quite difficult to apply to Tangible AR interfaces. In this paper we suggest a new approach, occlusion based interaction, in which visual occlusion of physical markers are used to provide intuitive two dimensional interaction in Tangible AR environments. We describe how to implement occlusion based interfaces for Tangible AR environments, give several examples of applications and describe results from informal user studies.
Energy-Efficient Monitoring of Mobile Objects with Uncertainty-Aware Tolerances (2007)

In location-based services, continuous queries are often employed to monitor the locations of mobile objects that are determined by sensing devices like GPS receivers. Due to limited battery resources, it is important for these objects to acquire and report location data only if necessary. We study how these energy- consuming operations can be reduced with a controlled impact on query accuracy of continuous range queries (CRQs). Specifically, we develop uncertainty- aware tolerances, which are user-defined error bounds that provide correctness guarantees, with consideration of different sources of data uncertainty: sensing uncertainty, sampling uncertainty, and communication delay. Novel algorithms are developed to control carefully when an object should acquire and update a location, while satisfying these tolerances. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness of our methods.
Aliphatic Polyesters:  Great Degradable Polymers That Cannot Do Everything (2004)

Nowadays the open and the patent literatures propose a large number of polymers whose main chains can be degraded usefully. Among these degradable polymers, aliphatic polyester-based polymeric structures are receiving special attention because they are all more or less sensitive to hydrolytic degradation, a feature of interest when compared with the fact that living systems function in aqueous media. Only some of these aliphatic polyesters are enzymatically degradable. A smaller number is biodegradable, and an even more limited number is biorecyclable. To be of practical interest, a degradable polymer must fulfill many requirements that depend very much on the targeted application, on the considered living system, and on living conditions. It is shown that aliphatic polyester structures made of repeating units that can generate metabolites upon degradation or biodegradation like poly(beta-hydroxy alkanoate)s and poly(alpha-hydroxy alkanoate)s are of special interest. Their main characteristics are confronted to the specifications required by various potential sectors of applications, namely, surgery, pharmacology, and the environment. It is shown that degradation, bioresorption, and biorecycling that are targets when one wants to respect living systems are also drastic limiting factors when one wants to achieve a device of practical interest. Finding a universal polymer that would be the source of all the polymeric biomaterials needed to work in contact with living organisms of the various life kingdoms and respect them remains a dream. On the other hand, finding one polymeric structure than can fulfill the requirements of one niche application remains a big issue.