gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human uterine epithelial cell secretions regulate dendritic cell differentiation and responses to TLR ligands (2010)

The balance between immunity and tolerance in the endometrium is governed by dynamic interactions of UEC and immune cells including DC. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that soluble immune mediators secreted by UEC modulate the differentiation and functions of human DC. We found that DC differentiated with CM from polarized UEC (i.e., CM-DC) expressed significantly lower surface CD86. Upon activation with LPS or PIC, the expression of CD80, CD86, and CD83 was decreased significantly on CM-DC relative to Con-DC. Further, mRNA for TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 was decreased significantly in CM-DC relative to Con-DC. As a functional read-out of the effect of CM on DC, we determined the following parameters: First, analysis of cytokine production showed that when compared with Con-DC, CM-DC responded to LPS or PIC stimulation with enhanced IL-10 production but undetectable IL-12p70 secretion. Second, RT-PCR analysis showed that CM-DC significantly expressed higher mRNA for IDO, an immune tolerance-promoting enzyme. Lastly, in a MLR assay, CM-DC induced significantly lower allogeneic proliferative responses compared with Con-DC. These findings indicate collectively that epithelial cells confer a tolerogenic phenotype to DC in the endometrium. Our results suggest novel cellular and molecular mechanisms for the regulation of adaptive immunity within the FRT.
The extension of the sugar chain of thymidine: a new route to 5′-deoxyhexose nucleosides (1968)

G. Etzold, G. Kowollik and P. Langen, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 422 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000422
Photon Statistics and Quantum Teleportation Experiments (2003)

We present an overview of the method for generating entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion and the experimental method of detecting entangled states or Bell-states with the use of photon statistics, the two key systems required to realize quantum state teleportation and other related experiments. As a proof of the quantum nature of teleportation we performed an entanglement swapping experiment, where the teleported state itself was entangled. The experiment clearly showed that the entanglement survived the teleportation, as the quantum correlations of the teleported photon violated Bell's inequality.
EPR spectroscopy as a probe of metal centres in biological systems (2006)

Molecular paramagnetism pervades the bioinorganic chemistry of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, and of a number of non-biological transition elements. To date we can look back at half a century of fruitful EPR studies on metalloproteins, and against this background evaluate the significance of modern EPR spectroscopy from the perspective of a biochemist, making a distinction between conventional continuous wave X-band spectroscopy as a reliable work horse with broad, established applicability even on crude preparations, vs. a diffuse set of "advanced EPR" technologies whose practical application typically calls for narrowly focused research hypotheses and very high quality samples. The type of knowledge on metalloproteins that is readily obtainable with EPR spectroscopy, is explained with illustrative examples, as is the relation between experimental complexity and the spin value of the system.
Large Margin Classifiers: Convex Loss, Low Noise, and Convergence Rates (2003)

Many classification algorithms, including the support vector machine, boosting and logistic regression, can be viewed as minimum contrast methods that minimize a convex surrogate of the 0-1 loss function. We characterize the statistical consequences of using such a surrogate by providing a general quantitative relationship between the risk as assessed using the 0-1 loss and the risk as assessed using any nonnegative surrogate loss function. We show that this relationship gives nontrivial bounds under the weakest possible condition on the loss function---that it satisfy a pointwise form of Fisher consistency for classification. The relationship is based on a variational transformation of the loss function that is easy to compute in many applications. We also present a refined version of this result in the case of low noise. Finally, we present applications of our results to the estimation of convergence rates in the general setting of function classes that are scaled hulls of a finite-dimensional base class.
Enhancement of neutralizing efficacy by combining three monoclonal antibodies to human interferon-alpha. (1991)

Three murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed to distinct epitopes on recombinant human interferon (IFN)-alpha 1, and three mAb recognizing distinct epitopes on recombinant human interferon (IFN) alpha 1, and three mAb recognizing distinct epitopes on recombinant human IFN-alpha sc, were studied by IFN-neutralizing assays. The efficacy of neutralization of the anti-viral and the anti-proliferative activities of IFN-alpha 1, or IFN-alpha 2c, by the specific antibodies used, individually or in combination, were evaluated. In comparison with single mAb, the mixtures of three mAb against IFN-alpha 1 or three mAb against IFN-alpha 2c were capable of neutralizing more than 10-times larger amounts of IFN-alpha 1 and alpha 2c, respectively. The strong potentiation of the neutralization efficacy resulting from mixing different mAb was demonstrated by neutralization of the anti-viral as well as the anti-proliferative activities of both recombinant IFN. The neutralization experiments support the interpretation that the observed potentiation results from simultaneous interaction of anti-IFN mAb with different epitope specificity.
TLRs Regulate the Gatekeeping Functions of the Intestinal Follicle-Associated Epithelium (2006)

Initiation of adaptive mucosal immunity occurs in organized mucosal lymphoid tissues such as Peyer's patches of the small intestine. Mucosal lymphoid follicles are covered by a specialized follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) that contains M cells, which mediate uptake and transepithelial transport of luminal Ags. FAE cells also produce chemokines that attract Ag-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). TLRs link innate and adaptive immunity, but their possible role in regulating FAE functions is unknown. We show that TLR2 is expressed in both FAE and villus epithelium, but TLR2 activation by peptidoglycan or Pam(3)Cys injected into the intestinal lumen of mice resulted in receptor redistribution in the FAE only. TLR2 activation enhanced transepithelial transport of microparticles by M cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TLR2 activation induced the matrix metalloproteinase-dependent migration of subepithelial DCs into the FAE, but not into villus epithelium of wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice. These responses were not observed in TLR2-deficient mice. Thus, the FAE of Peyer's patches responds to TLR2 ligands in a manner that is distinct from the villus epithelium. Intraluminal LPS, a TLR4 ligand, also enhanced microparticle uptake by the FAE and induced DC migration into the FAE, suggesting that other TLRs may modulate FAE functions. We conclude that TLR-mediated signals regulate the gatekeeping functions of the FAE to promote Ag capture by DCs in organized mucosal lymphoid tissues.
Bioavailability of Calcium in Breads Fortified with Different Calcium Sources (1997)

ABSTRACT This study used young rats as the test model to examine the relative bioavailability (RB) of calcium (Ca) in breads fortified with five different Ca sources. These sources included two inorganic (Ca carbonate and Ca sulfate) and two organic (Ca citrate and Ca lactate) Ca sources, and a brandname Ca supplement. RB was assessed based on rats' femur Ca content and Ca absorption data. No differences of any physiological significance were observed in RB of Ca among the five sources tested. Compared to Ca carbonate (bioavailability arbitrarily set at 100%), RB of Ca in Ca sulfate was 105%, in Ca citrate 103%, in Ca lactate 102%, and in the Ca supplement 102%. This suggests that foods fortified with Ca carbonate or Ca sulfate, which are commonly used for this purpose, may be as good a source of utilizable Ca as more expensive Ca sources such as prescribed or nonprescribed Ca supplements.
A high-throughput gene expression analysis technique using competitive PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS (2003)

We report here an approach for gene expression analysis by combining competitive PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS. A DNA standard is designed with an artificial single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene of interest. The standard is added to the reverse transcription product before PCR. Subsequently, a base extension reaction is carried out at the single nucleotide polymorphism position, and the products are quantified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS. The approach is capable of relative and absolute quantification of gene expression; it is extremely sensitive (as few as five copies of DNA were quantified) and highly reproducible. It is also capable of simultaneous quantification of both alleles for heterozygotes and alternatively spliced genes. We have incorporated this technique with the homogeneous Mass Extension system (Sequenom) to create a high-throughput, automated gene expression analysis platform where a few hundred genes from 20-500 different samples can be accurately quantified per day.
Vaccination with a Plasmid Vector Carrying the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Gene Induces Protective Immunity against Rabies Virus (1994)

A plasmid vector, termed pSG5rab.gp, that expresses the rabies virus glycoprotein under the control of an SV40 early promoter, was tested in C3H/He mice for induction of rabies virus-specific immune responses. Mice immunized intramuscularly with the pSG5rab.gp vector developed rabies virus glycoprotein-specific cytolytic T cells, lymphokine-secreting T helper cells of the TH1 subset, and rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with the pSG5rab.gp vector were fully protected against a subsequent challenge with rabies virus.
Fibers for high-power lasers and amplifiers (2006)

A review is given on the recent developments of fibers for high-power cladding-pumped fiber lasers. The structures necessary for an efficient pump light absorption are described and the reasons for the use of silica as the main host material are explained. The advantages and problems of the new structures for high power stability like large-mode-area or microstructured fibers are discussed. The results from a successful kW-fiber-laser experiment are used to underline the importance of optimized structures and low background losses in the fiber core.
Wheat-bran autolytic peptides containing a branched-chain amino acid attenuate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via the suppression of oxidative stress and the upregulation of AMPK/ACC in high-fat diet-fed mice (2016)

Whole-wheat intake is known to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, the active component remains unclear. Recently, we identified bioactive peptides [leucine-arginine-proline (LRP) and leucine-glutamine‑proline (LQP)] from wheat bran autolytic hydrolysate. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of LRP and LQP on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a mouse model. We also evaluated the effects of these peptides on oxidative stress and on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, two major pathogenic factors of NASH. Seven‑week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks and administered water supplemented with 0.05% LRP, 0.20% LRP, 0.05% LQP, or 0.20% LQP (each n=5) or distilled water (control; n=5) ad libitum. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of diacron reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). Hepatic expression of phosphorylated AMPK and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were evaluated by immunoblotting. The result showed that non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was significantly decreased in all types of treatment. Serum d-ROM levels were significantly decreased in the 0.20% LRP group, but not in the 0.05% LRP, 0.05% LQP, and 0.20% LQP groups. Serum BAP levels were significantly increased in the 0.05% LRP and 0.20% LRP groups, but not in the 0.05% LQP and 0.20% LQP groups. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the expression of phospho-AMPK was increased whereas that of phospho-ACC was decreased in the 0.20% LQP group. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both LRP and LQP alleviated the severity of NASH in a high-fat diet-induced NASH mouse model. In addition, we showed that LRP and LQP modulated oxidative stress and upregulated AMPK/ACC, respectively. Thus, LRP and LQP may constitute clinically applicable therapeutic agents for NASH.
The Conduction of Dilation along an Arteriole Is Diminished in the Cremaster Muscle of Hypertensive Hamsters (2004)

Arteriolar vasomotor responses can include a component that conducts along the vessel through gap junction channels. This study examined conducted vasomotor responses in arterioles of the hypertensive hamster. The cremaster muscle of normotensive (CHF-148) and spontaneously hypertensive (CHF-H4) hamsters was exteriorized. Micropipettes containing phenylephrine (0.1 M) or acetylcholine (ACh; 1.0 M) were positioned along second-order arterioles and diameter responses were recorded locally for every 0.4 mm upstream to 1.6 mm. Substantative local constrictions to phenylephrine(PE) were poorly conducted to the 0.4-mm site in normotensive and hypertensive hamsters. Local dilation to ACh decayed by 3 +/- 1 microm/mm as it conducted along arterioles of the normotensive hamster. In contrast, conducted dilation decayed by 7 +/- 1 microm/mm (p < 0.05) in the hypertensive hamster. This hypertension-induced increase in decay was reversed by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade (phentolamine: 1 microM). However, arteriolar constriction to global alpha(1)- (PE) and alpha(2)- (clonidine) adrenergic agonists was unaffected by hypertension. Rather, sympathetic nervous activity was elevated in the hypertensive hamster as indicated by a greater reduction in arterial pressure upon sympathetic ablation (hexamethonium infusion: 30 mg/kg). This study provides the first evidence that vascular cell-cell communication is altered by the elevated sympathetic nervous activity observed in the hypertensive hamster.
Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014)

In 2006, the National Institute of Clinical and Health Excellence (NICE) guidelines for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) recommended anti-psychotics as a class for SSRI treatment resistant OCD. The article aims to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the clinical effectiveness of atypical anti-psychotics augmenting an SSRI. Studies that were double-blind randomized controlled trials of an atypical antipsychotic against a placebo, for a minimum of 4 weeks, in adults with OCD, were included. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores were the primary outcome measure. Inclusion criteria included Y-BOCS score of 16 or more and at least one adequate trial of a SSRI or clomipramine for at least 8 weeks prior to randomization. Data sources included Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), trial registries and pharmaceutical databases and manufacturers up to September 2013. Forest-plots were drawn to display differences between drug and placebo on the Y-BOCS. Two studies found aripiprazole to be effective in the short-term. There was a small effect-size for risperidone or anti-psychotics in general in the short-term. We found no evidence for the effectiveness of quetiapine or olanzapine in comparison to placebo. Risperidone and aripiprazole can be used cautiously at a low dose as an augmentation agent in non-responders to SSRIs and CBT but should be monitored at 4 weeks to determine efficacy.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL TESTS AND SYSTEMS TO ASSESS NEUROTOXIC EXPOSURES IN THE WORKPLACE AND COMMUNITY (2003)

Valuable option for Swedish speakers; instructions are also in English Validity: based on implementation of valid tests. Sensitivity for cross
Structure-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Guanine-Derived Inhibitors of the eIF4E mRNA–Cap Interaction (2012)

The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a central role in the initiation of gene translation and subsequent protein synthesis by binding the 5' terminal mRNA cap structure. We designed and synthesized a series of novel compounds that display potent binding affinity against eIF4E despite their lack of a ribose moiety, phosphate, and positive charge as present in m7-GMP. The biochemical activity of compound 33 is 95 nM for eIF4E in an SPA binding assay. More importantly, the compound has an IC(50) of 2.5 μM for inhibiting cap-dependent mRNA translation in a rabbit reticular cell extract assay (RRL-IVT). This series of potent, truncated analogues could serve as a promising new starting point toward the design of neutral eIF4E inhibitors with physicochemical properties suitable for cellular activity assessment.
A simple light-driven transmembrane proton pump. (1996)

Light-induced lipophilic porphyrin/aqueous acceptor charge separation across a single lipid-water interface can pump protons across the lipid bilayer when the hydrophobic weak acids, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and its p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl analogue, are present. These compounds act as proton carriers across lipid bilayers. In their symmetric presence across the bilayer, the positive currents and voltages produced by the photogeneration of porphyrin cations are replaced by larger negative currents and voltages. The maximum negative current and voltage occur at the pH of maximum dark conductance. The reversed larger current and voltage show a positive ionic charge transport in the same direction as the electron transfer. This transport can form an ion concentration gradient. The movement of protons is verified by an unusual D2O isotope effect that increases the negative ionic current by 2- to 3-fold. These effects suggest that an interfacial pK shift of the weak acid caused by the local electric field of photoformed porphyrin cations/acceptor anions functions as the driving force. The estimated pumping efficiency is 10-30%. Time-resolved results show that proton pumping across the bilayer occurs on the millisecond time scale, similar to that of biological pumps. This light-driven proteinless pump offers a simple model for a prebiological energy transducer.
Stopping of acoustic waves by sonic polymer-fluid composites (2001)

A two-dimensional periodic array of air cylinders in water is known to have giant acoustic stop bands [M.S. Kushwaha and B. Djafari-Rouhani, J. Appl. Phys. 84 (1998) 4677]. It is shown in the present paper that hollow cylinders made of an elastically-soft polymer containing air inside and arranged on a square lattice in water can still give rise to large acoustic band gaps. Similar properties can also be obtained with a close-packed array of tubes containing water when arranged on a honeycomb lattice in air. The transmission coefficient of films made of such polymer-fluid composites has been calculated by finite difference time domain method. With film thickness not exceeding 75 mm, a deep sonic attenuation band was found with, in the best cases, a lower limit below 1 kHz and an upper limit above 10 kHz.
Executing a program on the MIT tagged-token dataflow architecture (1990)

The MIT Tagged-Token Dataflow Project has an unconventional, but integrated approach to general-purpose high-performance parallel computing. Rather than extending conventional sequential languages, Id, a high-level language with fine-grained parallelism and determinacy implicit in its operational semantics, is used. Id programs are compiled to dynamic dataflow graphs, which constitute a parallel machine language. Dataflow graphs are directly executed on the MIT tagged-token dataglow architecture (TTDA), a multiprocessor architecture. An overview of current thinking on dataflow architecture is provided by describing example Id programs, their compilation to dataflow graphs, and their execution on the TTDA. Related work and the status of the project are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclin D1 Expression in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Is Accompanied by Downregulation of Cyclin D3 and Is Not Related to the Proliferative Activity (1997)

The cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 is essential for G1-S phase transition in several epithelial and mesenchymal tissues but is apparently not essential in normal mature B cells. An overexpression of cyclin D1 is induced by the chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), which characterizes non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) of mantle cell type. We studied 26 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) for the expression of cyclins D1 and D3. A total of 23 lymphomas showed a nuclear staining for cyclin D1, whereas reactive B cells of residual germinal centers were constantly negative. When compared with cyclin D3, an inverse staining pattern emerged. Whereas the B cells of residual germinal centers reacted strongly positive for cyclin D3, there was low or missing expression of cyclin D3 in MCL cells. In other B-cell lymphomas (n = 55), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, low-grade lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, follicular lymphomas, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, no cyclin D1 expression could be detected and 89% of these cases displayed cyclin D3 positivity. Lymphoma cell lines harboring the t(11;14) showed cyclin D1 protein but no or very low levels of cyclin D3; three other B-cell lines, a T-cell line, and peripheral blood lymphocytes strongly expressed cyclin D3 and reacted negatively for cyclin D1. We conclude that the chromosomal translocation t(11;14) leads to an abnormal protein expression of cyclin D1 in the tumor cells of MCL and induces a consecutive downregulation of cyclin D3. In contrast to other B-NHLs, cyclin D1 and D3 expression in MCL is not related to the growth fraction.
Interleukin 6: insights to its function in skin by overexpression in transgenic mice. (1992)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that mediates a wide range of inflammatory and immune responses. Its expression is elevated in inflammatory or immunodeficient diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS. To explore the role of IL-6 in skin, we utilized a human keratin 14 (K14) promoter to express IL-6 in the basal cells of stratified squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Mice expressing the K14-IL-6 transgene were smaller than normal and exhibited retarded hair growth. Surprisingly, IL-6 expression did not lead to enhanced epidermal proliferation, but it did result in a thicker stratum corneum, with an otherwise seemingly normal program of differentiation. IL-6 expression did not lead to leukocytic infiltration, making it unlikely that it has direct proinflammatory activity in skin. Based on this study, one role of IL-6 relevant to host defense may be to enhance the stratum corneum, thereby providing increased protection from injurious stimuli or infection. If IL-6 plays additional roles in the skin, it is likely to act synergistically with factors that IL-6 alone cannot induce.