gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Activin A Enhance the Cartilage Phenotype of Articular Chondrocytes in Vitro (1994)

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) supergene family and is characterized by its ability to induce singly de novo cartilage and bone in vivo. The influence of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-4 and some related members, TGF-beta 1, activin A, and inhibin A, on articular chondrocyte metabolism in the presence and absence of extracellular matrix has been examined. BMP-4 and TGF-beta 1 stimulated [35S]-sulfate incorporation in a dose-dependent manner in short-term monolayer, micromass, and explant cultures. Activin A showed a slight but significant stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis while inhibin A decreased metabolic activity. The effects observed were most pronounced in the explant culture system. Although the relative influence of the growth factors was less apparent in chondrocytes isolated from adult cartilage, the qualitative responses were similar with cells obtained from young animals. The maintenance and enhancement of the cartilage phenotype was further investigated by Northern blot analysis. BMP-4 and TGF-beta 1 increased the levels of expression of type II collagen and proteoglycan aggrecan in short-term cultures, while activin A and inhibin A did not affect these parameters significantly when compared to serum-free control cultures. Binding experiments with 125I-BMP-4, revealed the presence of specific, high-affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant of 110 pM and about 6000 receptors per cell. Chemical cross-linking showed the presence of three components (apparent size 200, 90, and 70 kDa), demonstrating the presence of functional receptors for BMP-4 on primary articular chondrocytes.
Thrombogenic collagen-mimetic peptides: Self-assembly of triple helix-based fibrils driven by hydrophobic interactions (2008)

Collagens are integral structural proteins in animal tissues and play key functional roles in cellular modulation. We sought to discover collagen model peptides (CMPs) that would form triple helices and self-assemble into supramolecular fibrils exhibiting collagen-like biological activity without preorganizing the peptide chains by covalent linkages. This challenging objective was accomplished by placing aromatic groups on the ends of a representative 30-mer CMP, (GPO)(10), as with l-phenylalanine and l-pentafluorophenylalanine in 32-mer 1a. Computational studies on homologous 29-mers 1a'-d' (one less GPO), as pairs of triple helices interacting head-to-tail, yielded stabilization energies in the order 1a' > 1b' > 1c' > 1d', supporting the hypothesis that hydrophobic aromatic groups can drive CMP self-assembly. Peptides 1a-d were studied comparatively relative to structural properties and ability to stimulate human platelets. Although each 32-mer formed stable triple helices (CD) spectroscopy, only 1a and 1b self-assembled into micrometer-scale fibrils. Light microscopy images for 1a depicted long collagen-like fibrils, whereas images for 1d did not. Atomic force microscopy topographical images indicated that 1a and 1b self-organize into microfibrillar species, whereas 1c and 1d do not. Peptides 1a and 1b induced the aggregation of human blood platelets with a potency similar to type I collagen, whereas 1c was much less effective, and 1d was inactive (EC(50) potency: 1a/1b >> 1c > 1d). Thus, 1a and 1b spontaneously self-assemble into thrombogenic collagen-mimetic materials because of hydrophobic aromatic interactions provided by the special end-groups. These findings have important implications for the design of biofunctional CMPs.
Synthetic amino acid copolymers that bind to HLA-DR proteins and inhibit type II collagen-reactive T cell clones (1998)

Copolymer 1 [poly(Y,E,A,K)] is a random synthetic amino acid copolymer of L-tyrosine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-lysine that is effective both in suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Copolymer 1 binds promiscuously and very efficiently to purified HLA-DR molecules within the peptide-binding groove. In the present study, YEAK and YEAK-related copolymers and type II collagen (CII) peptide 261-273, a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), competed for binding to RA-associated HLA-DR molecules encoded by DRB1*0101 and DRB1*0401. Moreover, these copolymers (particularly YEAK, YAK, and YEK) inhibited the response of DR1- and DR4-restricted T cell clones to the CII epitope 261-273 by >50%. This direct evidence both for competitive interactions of these copolymers and CII peptide with RA-associated HLA-DR molecules and for inhibition of CII-specific T cell responses suggests that these compounds should be evaluated in animal models for rheumatoid arthritis.
Issues in the Use of Inhaled Glucocorticoids. The Asthma Clinical Research Network (1996)

"Issues in the use of inhaled glucocorticoids. The Asthma Clinical Research Network.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 153(6), pp. 1739–1748
Effect of Text/Non-text Classification for Ink Search Employing String Recognition (2012)

This paper presents the effect of text/non-text classification for ink search which employs string recognition. Pen or touch interfaces provides the benefit that users can write text and draw figures without changing the device or mode, but line drawings are troublesome for ink search. We propose the insertion of text/non-text classification before ink search and show its effect. For ink search, we employ our own engine to search keywords in the candidate lattice prepared by on-line handwritten Japanese text recognition, since this method produces higher search rate for Japanese text in digital ink than word spotting without ink recognition.
Keteneimmonium and 2-azabutadiene complexes from reactions of .alpha.-chloroenamines with metal carbonyl anions (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKeteneimmonium and 2-azabutadiene complexes from reactions of .alpha.-chloroenamines with metal carbonyl anionsR. B. King and K. C. HodgesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4, 1263–1264Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00811a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00811a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration of Flowfill and Forcefill for cost-effective via applications (1999)

This paper reviews work to integrate Flowfill<SUP>TM</SUP> planarizing dielectric with Forcefill<SUP>TM</SUP> aluminum plug in a 0.5/0.35 micrometers CMOS design. Work to reduce dielectric cracking by modifying the stress of the IMD material is described. The paper discusses liner choice for the Forcefill<SUP>TM</SUP> interconnect and how it can influence lithography accuracy, line resistance and electromigration. The use of via chain resistance as a test to determine the degree of metal hole-fill is described.
Synthesis of New 2,5-Substituted 1,3-Oxathiolanes. Intermediates in Nucleoside Chemistry (1991)

A synthetic approach for new 2-hydroxymethyl-5-ethoxy-1,3-oxathiolane derivatives is described. These heterocyclic five membered rings are suitably substituted to be potential sugar candidates in nucleoside chemistry.
Alterations in the peptidyltransferase and decoding domains of ribosomal RNA suppress mutations in the elongation factor G gene (2000)

The translocation stage of protein synthesis is a highly conserved process in all cells. Although the components necessary for translocation have been delineated, the mechanism of this activity has not been well defined. Ribosome movement on template mRNA must allow for displacement of tRNA-mRNA complexes from the ribosomal A to P sites and P to E sites, while ensuring rigid maintenance of the correct reading frame. In Escherichia coli, translocation of the ribosome is promoted by elongation factor G (EF-G). To examine the role of EF-G and rRNA in translocation we have characterized mutations in rRNA genes that can suppress a temperature-sensitive (ts) allele of fusA, the gene in E. coli that encodes EF-G. This analysis was performed using the ts E. coli strain PEM100, which contains a point mutation within fusA. The ts phenotype of PEM100 can be suppressed by either of two mutations in the decoding region of the 16S rRNA when present in combination with a mutation at position 2058 in the peptidyltransferase domain of the 23S rRNA. Communication between these ribosomal domains is essential for coordinating the events of the elongation cycle. We propose a model in which EF-G promotes translocation by modulating this communication, thereby increasing the efficiency of this fundamental process.
Inhibition of secondary anti‐hapten responses with the hapten conjugated to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (1972)

Abstract An injection of 2, 4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐lysine conjugated to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (DNP‐lysine‐SIII) markedly reduced the secondary IgG anti‐DNP antibody response of irradiated mice injected with primed cells and the homologous dinitrophenylatcd foreign protein used for priming. Serum antibody titers against the foreign protein, hemocyanin, were not affected and the injection of DNP‐lysine‐SIII could be delayed until the 3rd day, but not the 4th day, after injection of the primed cells and homologous antigen. In mice in which anti‐DNP antibody production was reduced by DNP‐lysine‐SIII, antibody isoelectric spectral analysis of residual antibody suggested that clones of antibody‐producing cells were eliminated entirely or escaped unaltered. Purified SIII is a persisting antigen which readily induces macroglobulin responses in mice and does not seem to stimulate T cells. The results suggest that antigenic determinants on such antigens gain access to B cells and suppress IgC antibody production.
Energy relaxation by hot electrons in n-GaN epilayers (2001)

The energy relaxation rate for hot electrons in n-type GaN epilayers has been measured over the temperature range 1.5–300 K. Several samples grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and having different electron concentrations have been studied. At low electron temperatures (Te&amp;lt;20 K), the energy relaxation is via acoustic phonon emission. The magnitude and temperature dependence of the energy relaxation are found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations using appropriate values of the deformation potential and piezoelectric coupling constants and ignoring screening. For Te⩾70 K, the dominant mechanism of energy loss is optic phonon emission. For the several samples studied, consistent values of the optic phonon energy and electron-optic phonon relaxation time, 90±4 meV and 5–10 fs, respectively, are measured. The energy agrees well with values obtained by other methods and the relaxation time is consistent with theoretical calculations of the Fröhlich interaction and indicate that hot phonon effects are absent up to 10−8 W/electron dissipation.
S1P 3 ‐mediated Akt activation and crosstalk with platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) (2003)

Akt plays a pivotal role in cell survival and tumorigenesis. We investigated the potential interaction between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the Akt signaling pathway. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from S1P receptor knockout mice, we show here that S1P3 was required for S473 phosphorylation of Akt by S1P. In addition, S1P-stimulated activation of Akt, but not ERK, was blocked by a PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-specific inhibitor, AG1296, suggesting a S1P3-mediated specific crosstalk between the Akt signaling pathways of S1P and PDGFR in MEFs. We investigated this crosstalk under different conditions and found that both Akt and ERK activation induced by S1P, but not lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in HEY ovarian cancer cells required PDGFR but not epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGFR). Importantly, S1P induced a Gi-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGFR in HEY cells. This dependence on PDGFR in S1P-induced Akt activation was also observed in A2780, T47D, and HMEC-1 cells (which express S1P3), but not in PC-3 or GI-101A cells (which do not express S1P3), further supporting that S1P3 mediates the crosstalk between S1P and PDGFR. This is the first report demonstrating a unique interaction between S1P3 and PDGFR, in addition to demonstrating a specific role for S1P3 in S1P-induced Akt activation.
Thrombin Differentiates Normal Lung Fibroblasts to a Myofibroblast Phenotype via the Proteolytically Activated Receptor-1 and a Protein Kinase C-dependent Pathway (2001)

Myofibroblasts are ultrastructurally and metabolically distinctive fibroblasts that express smooth muscle (SM)-alpha actin and are associated with various fibrotic lesions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the myofibroblast phenotype that appears after activation of normal lung fibroblasts by thrombin. We demonstrate that thrombin induces smooth muscle-alpha actin expression and rapid collagen gel contraction by normal lung fibroblasts via the proteolytically activated receptor-1 and independent of transforming growth factor-beta pathway. Using antisense oligonucleotides we demonstrate that a decreased level of PKCepsilon abolishes SM-alpha actin expression and collagen gel contraction induced by thrombin in normal lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of PKCepsilon translocation also abolishes thrombin-induced collagen gel contraction, SM-alpha actin increase, and its organization by normal lung fibroblasts, suggesting that activation of PKCepsilon is required for these effects. In normal lung fibroblasts PKCepsilon binds to SM-alpha actin after thrombin treatment, but in activated fibroblasts derived from scleroderma lung they associate even in untreated cells. This suggests that SM-alpha actin may serve as a substrate for PKCepsilon in lung fibroblasts when activated by thrombin. We propose that thrombin differentiates normal lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype via a PKC-dependent pathway. Thrombin-induced differentiation of normal lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype resembles the phenotype observed in scleroderma lung fibroblasts. Therefore, we conclude that chronic exposure to thrombin after microvascular injury leads to activation of normal lung fibroblasts and to the appearance of a myofibroblast phenotype in vivo. Our study provides novel, compelling evidence that thrombin is an important mediator of the interstitial lung fibrosis associated with scleroderma.
Alfred: The Robot Waiter Who Remembers You (1999)

Alfred the robot won first place in the Hors d’Oeuvres Anyone? event and also received an award for the best integrated effort at the 1999 American Association of Artificial Intelligence robot competition. The three unique features that Alfred displayed were: the ability to nudge his way through a crowd to cover a large serving area, a strong personality--that of a proper British butler, and the ability to recognize people he had served before. This paper describes the integrated navigation, natural language processing, and vision system that enabled these capabilities. 1 Introduction and task definition The American Association of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) holds a national robot competition at
Generative and case study research in quality management (1996)

Argues that because of the many inherent weaknesses of traditional empirical research, generative and case study approaches may be more useful methodologies for conducting research on quality management. Outlines ways in which the generative research model builds conceptual frameworks from the data provided by the target population itself in conjunction with a review of the literature, while the case study approach provides a much deeper and richer insight to the quality management practices of the company being investigated. Discusses the benefits and difficulties associated with case study research.
Defective herpes simplex virus vectors expressing thymidine kinase for the treatment of malignant glioma. (1997)

Viral vectors used for cancer gene therapy have usually been either replication-incompetent vectors expressing a gene product that leads to the destruction of the tumor or replication-competent vectors that are inherently cytotoxic to the tumor cells. We have sought to combine the attributes of these different approaches using a defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector that consists of a defective particle, containing tandem repeats of the HSV thymidine kinase (TK) gene, and a replication-competent, non-neurovirulent HSV mutant as a helper virus. HSV-TK activity in defective vector-infected cells was significantly greater than that in helper virus-infected cells which contained a single copy of HSV-TK. Infection of cells with this defective vector renders them, as well as surrounding uninfected cells, sensitive to killing by ganciclovir. Ganciclovir treatment of C57BL/6 mice bearing TK-defective vector/helper virus-infected subcutaneous GL261 gliomas resulted in significantly decreased tumor size.
A new look at the statistical model identification (1974)

The history of the development of statistical hypothesis testing in time series analysis is reviewed briefly and it is pointed out that the hypothesis testing procedure is not adequately defined as the procedure for statistical model identification. The classical maximum likelihood estimation procedure is reviewed and a new estimate minimum information theoretical criterion (AIC) estimate (MAICE) which is designed for the purpose of statistical identification is introduced. When there are several competing models the MAICE is defined by the model and the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters which give the minimum of AIC defined by AIC = (-2)log-(maximum likelihood) + 2(number of independently adjusted parameters within the model). MAICE provides a versatile procedure for statistical model identification which is free from the ambiguities inherent in the application of conventional hypothesis testing procedure. The practical utility of MAICE in time series analysis is demonstrated with some numerical examples.
Differential effects of a partially purified preparation of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis on guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips. (1979)

A B
Safety and Efficacy of a Testosterone Patch for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Surgically Menopausal Women (2005)

The 300-microg/d testosterone patch increased sexual desire and frequency of satisfying sexual activity and was well tolerated in women who developed hypoactive sexual desire disorder after surgical menopause.
FLC, a repressor of flowering, is regulated by genes in different inductive pathways (2002)

The MADS-box protein encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a repressor of flowering. Loci in the autonomous flowering pathway control FLC levels. We show the epistatic groupings of autonomous pathway mutants fca/fy and fve/fpa, based on their effects on flowering time, are consistent with their effects on FLC transcript and protein levels. We demonstrate that synergistic increases in FLC mRNA and protein expression occur in response to interactions between the autonomous pathway mutants fca and fpa and mutants in other pathways (fe, ft, fha) that do not regulate FLC when present as single mutants. These changes in FLC levels provide the molecular basis of the interactions previously shown in genetic analyses. The interactions between genes of multiple pathways emphasize the central position of FLC in the control of floral initiation. FLC protein levels match those of its mRNA for a range of genetic, developmental and environmental variables, indicating that control of FLC is at the level of transcription or transcript stability. The autonomous and photoperiod pathways also interact at the level of SOC1. FLC acts as a repressor of SOC1, and SOC1 levels are low when FLC levels are high. In C24 plants which have moderately high FLC levels, flowering occurs without a decrease in FLC level, but the SOC1 level does increase. Thus SOC1 levels can be upregulated through the activities of other pathways, despite the repression by FLC.
Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms (1992)

An edited volume containing data structures and algorithms for information retrieved including a disk with examples written in C. For programmers and students interested in parsing text, automated indexing, its the first collection in book form of the basic data structures and algorithms that are critical to the storage and retrieval of documents.
Precision Templating with DNA of a Virus-like Particle with Peptide Nanostructures (2013)

We report here the preparation of filamentous virus-like particles by the encapsulation of a linear or circular double-stranded DNA template with preassembled mushroom-shaped nanostructures having a positively charged domain. These nanostructures mimic the capsid proteins of natural filamentous viruses and are formed by self-assembly of coiled-coil peptides conjugated at opposite termini with cationic segments and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. We found that a high molecular weight of PEG segments was critical for the formation of monodisperse and uniformly shaped filamentous complexes. It is proposed that electrostatic attachment of the nanostructures with sufficiently long PEG segments generates steric forces that increase the rigidity of the neutralized DNA template. This stiffening counterbalances the natural tendency of the DNA template to condense into toroids or buckle multiple times. The control achieved over both shape and dimensions of the particles offers a strategy to create one-dimensional supramolecular nanostructures of defined length containing nucleic acids.
Identification of a novel GLA mutation (F69 L) in a Japanese patient with late-onset Fabry disease (2015)

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism caused by a mutation in the GLA gene. We sequenced the α-galactosidase A gene (GLA) of a patient who had been clinically diagnosed with late-onset Fabry disease. Abundant globotriaosylceramide was present in his urine, which indicated typical Fabry disease. Here, we report a novel hemizygous mutation, c.207C>A (Phe69 Leu), which caused a mild/late-onset form of Fabry disease.