gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interbody cage stabilisation in the lumbar spine (1998)

We performed a biomechanical study on human cadaver spines to determine the effect of three different interbody cage designs, with and without posterior instrumentation, on the three-dimensional flexibility of the spine. Six lumbar functional spinal units for each cage type were subjected to multidirectional flexibility testing in four different configurations: intact, with interbody cages from a posterior approach, with additional posterior instrumentation, and with cross-bracing. The tests involved the application of flexion and extension, bilateral axial rotation and bilateral lateral bending pure moments. The relative movements between the vertebrae were recorded by an optoelectronic camera system. We found no significant difference in the stabilising potential of the three cage designs. The cages used alone significantly decreased the intervertebral movement in flexion and lateral bending, but no stabilisation was achieved in either extension or axial rotation. For all types of cage, the greatest stabilisation in flexion and extension and lateral bending was achieved by the addition of posterior transpedicular instrumentation. The addition of cross-bracing to the posterior instrumentation had a stabilising effect on axial rotation. The bone density of the adjacent vertebral bodies was a significant factor for stabilisation in flexion and extension and in lateral bending.
Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice (2016)

The FDA approved drug rapamycin increases lifespan in rodents and delays age-related dysfunction in rodents and humans. Nevertheless, important questions remain regarding the optimal dose, duration, and mechanisms of action in the context of healthy aging. Here we show that 3 months of rapamycin treatment is sufficient to increase life expectancy by up to 60% and improve measures of healthspan in middle-aged mice. This transient treatment is also associated with a remodeling of the microbiome, including dramatically increased prevalence of segmented filamentous bacteria in the small intestine. We also define a dose in female mice that does not extend lifespan, but is associated with a striking shift in cancer prevalence toward aggressive hematopoietic cancers and away from non-hematopoietic malignancies. These data suggest that a short-term rapamycin treatment late in life has persistent effects that can robustly delay aging, influence cancer prevalence, and modulate the microbiome.
Training Efficient Network Architecture and Weights via Direct Sparsity Control. (2020)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) especially deep convolutional networks are very popular these days and have been proved to successfully offer quite reliable solutions to many vision problems. However, the use of deep neural networks is widely impeded by their intensive computational and memory cost. In this paper, we propose a novel efficient network pruning method that is suitable for both non-structured and structured channel-level pruning. Our proposed method tightens a sparsity constraint by gradually removing network parameters or filter channels based on a criterion and a schedule. The attractive fact that the network size keeps dropping throughout the iterations makes it suitable for the pruning of any untrained or pre-trained network. Because our method uses a $L_0$ constraint instead of the $L_1$ penalty, it does not introduce any bias in the training parameters or filter channels. Furthermore, the $L_0$ constraint makes it easy to directly specify the desired sparsity level during the network pruning process. Finally, experimental validation on extensive synthetic and real vision datasets show that the proposed method obtains better or competitive performance compared to other states of art network pruning methods.
Differential IgE recognition of recombinantAspergillus fumigatus allergens by cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis orAspergillus allergy (1998)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), an intense inflammatory reaction to Aspergillus in the lung, is recognized as a severe complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The diagnosis of ABPA in CF patients sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus is complicated by interfering laboratory and clinical findings shared by the diseases. We have used cDNA encoding A. fumigatus allergens which were cloned from a cDNA library displayed on phage surface to produce recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Differential IgE responses to the allergens in A. fumigatus-sensitized CF patients with or without ABPA and CF controls without sensitization to A. fumigatus were demonstrated. A secreted ribotoxin (rAsp f 1) and a peroxisomal protein (rAsp f 3) were recognized by sera from A. fumigatus-sensitized CF-patients with or without ABPA. An intracellular manganese superoxide dismutase (rAsp f 6) and rAsp f 4, a protein with unknown function, were recognized exclusively by IgE from sera of CF patients with ABPA. Therefore, Asp f 4 and Asp f 6 represent specific markers for ABPA and allow a sensitive, fully specific diagnosis of the disease. The data suggest distinct IgE responses to colonization of the bronchial tree in CF patients with ABPA or A. fumigatus allergy and therefore a differential recognition of the pathogen in the two IgE-related inflammatory diseases.
Selective hydride-mediated conjugate reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using [(Ph3P)CuH]6 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective hydride-mediated conjugate reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using [(Ph3P)CuH]6Wayne S. Mahoney, Donna M. Brestensky, and Jeffrey M. StrykerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1, 291–293Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00209a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00209a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9256Altmetric-Citations482LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
αCP-4, Encoded by a Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene at 3p21, But Not Its Alternative Splice Variant αCP-4a, Is Underexpressed in Lung Cancer (2004)

alpha CP-4 is an RNA-binding protein coded by PCBP4, a gene mapped to 3p21, a common deleted region in lung cancer. In this study we characterized the expression of alpha CP-4 and alpha CP-4a, an alternatively spliced variant of alpha CP-4, in lung cancer cell lines and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples from early stage lung cancer patients. In NSCLC biopsies, an immunocytochemical analysis showed cytoplasmic expression of alpha CP-4 and alpha CP-4a in normal lung bronchiolar epithelium. In contrast, alpha CP-4 immunoreactivity was not found in 47% adenocarcinomas and 83% squamous cell carcinomas, whereas all of the tumors expressed alpha CP-4a. Besides, lack of alpha CP-4 expression was associated with high proliferation of the tumor (determined by Ki67 expression). By fluorescence in situ hybridization, >30% of NSCLC cell lines and tumors showed allelic losses at PCBP4, correlating with the absence of the protein. On the other hand, no mutations in the coding region of the gene were found in any of the 24 cell lines analyzed. By Northern blotting and real-time reverse transcription-PCR, we detected the expression of alpha CP-4 and alpha CP-4a messages in NSCLC and small cell lung cancer cell lines. Our data demonstrate an abnormal expression of alpha CP-4 in lung cancer, possibly associated with an altered processing of the alpha CP-4 mRNA leading to a predominant expression of alpha CP-4a. This may be considered as an example of alternative splicing involved in tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Finally, induction of alpha CP-4 expression reduced cell growth, in agreement with its proposed role as a tumor suppressor, and suggesting an association of this RNA-binding protein with lung carcinogenesis.
Comparison of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as energy sources for mammalian sperm motility, using the combination of fluorescence imaging, laser tweezers, and real‐time automated tracking and trapping (2008)

The combination of laser tweezers, fluorescent imaging, and real-time automated tracking and trapping (RATTS) can measure sperm swimming speed and swimming force simultaneously with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This approach is used to study the roles of two sources of ATP in sperm motility: oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria located in the sperm midpiece and glycolysis, which occurs along the length of the sperm tail (flagellum). The relationships between (a) swimming speed and MMP and (b) swimming force and MMP are studied in dog and human sperm. The effects of glucose, oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors and glycolytic inhibitors on human sperm motility are examined. The results indicate that oxidative phosphorylation does contribute some ATP for human sperm motility, but not enough to sustain high motility. The glycolytic pathway is shown to be a primary source of energy for human sperm motility.
Comparative Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics of a Cremophor-Free, Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel (ABI-007) and Paclitaxel Formulated in Cremophor (Taxol) (2005)

Paclitaxel formulated as ABI-007 differs from paclitaxel formulated as Taxol, with a higher plasma clearance and a larger volume of distribution. This finding is consistent with the absence of paclitaxel-sequestering Cremophor micelles after administration of ABI-007. This unique property of ABI-007 could be important for its therapeutic effectiveness.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Nanocrystal Conjugated Polymer Composites (2004)

A novel one pot process has been developed for the preparation of PbS nanocrystals in the conjugated polymer poly 2-methoxy,5-(2 -ethyl-hexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). Current techniques for making such composite materials rely upon synthesizing the nanocrystals and conducting polymer separately, and subsequently mixing them. This multi-step technique has two serious drawbacks: templating surfactant must be removed before mixing, and co-solvent incompatibility causes aggregation. In our method, we eliminate the need for an initial surfactant by using the conducting polymer to terminate and template nanocrystal growth. Additionally, the final product is soluble in a single solvent. We present materials analysis which shows PbS nanocrystals can be grown directly in a conducting polymer, the resulting composite is highly ordered and nanocrystal size can be controlled.
Isolation and Characterization of the Human Forkhead Gene FOXQ1 (2001)

We have isolated a human genomic and cDNA clone that encodes a protein of 403 amino acids and belongs to the family of the FOX transcription factors (previously called HNF-3/forkhead transcription factors). The 2.7-kb transcript of the human FOXQ1 gene is expressed predominantly in the stomach, trachea, bladder and salivary gland. Additionally, overexpression of human FOXQ1 was shown in colorectal adenocarcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. The FOXQ1 gene is located on chromosome 6p23-25. Databank analysis shows 82% homology with the mouse Foxq1 gene (formerly Hfh-1L) and with a revised sequence of the rat FoxQ1 gene (formerly HFH-1). The DNA-binding motif, named HNF-3/forkhead domain, is well conserved, showing 100% identity in human, mouse, and rat. The human protein sequence contains two putative transcriptional activation domains, which share a high amino acid identity with the corresponding mouse and rat domains.
Application of Protein–Ligand NOE Matching to the Rapid Evaluation of Fragment Binding Poses (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Summary of the NOE matching Protocol Applications to Lead-like Compounds Bound to Small Proteins Enhanced Pose Generation and Pose Scoring Applications to Fragment-like Compounds Pose Analysis in the Absence of a Target Structure Consequences of Protein Structure Selection on NOE Matching Applications to Fragment-like Compounds Bound to Large Proteins Towards Larger Proteins by Nonuniform Labeling and Stability Enhancement Conclusion References
Efficient differentiation of insulin‐producing cells from skin‐derived stem cells (2009)

The findings of this study indicate that SKPs can differentiate into functional IPCs and can provide an abundant source of autologous cells for transplantation. This study also provides strategies to derive autologous islet-replacement tissues from human skin stem cells.
Developmental Variability of Photooxidative Stress Tolerance in Paraquat-Resistant Conyza (1993)

Paraquat-resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis L. Cronq.) has been extensively studied, with some contention. A single, dominant gene pleiotropically controls levels of oxidant-detoxifying enzymes and tolerance to many photooxidants, to photoinhibition, and possibly to other stresses. The weed forms a rosette on humid short days and flowers in dry long days and, thus, needs plasticity to photooxidant stresses. In a series of four experiments over 20 months, the resistant and susceptible biotypes were cultured in constant 10-h low-light short days at 25[deg]C. Resistance was measured as recovery from paraquat. The concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of the resistant biotype was about 30 times that of the susceptible one just after germination, increased to >300 times that of the susceptibles at 10 weeks of growth, and then decreased to 20-fold, remaining constant except for a brief increase while bolting. Resistance increased when plants were induced to flower by long days. The levels of plastid superoxide dismutase and of glutathione reductase were generally highest in resistant plants compared to those of the susceptibles at the times of highest paraquat resistance, but they were imperceptibly different from the susceptible type at the times of lower paraquat resistance. Photoinhibition tolerance measured as quantum yield of oxygen evolution at ambient temperatures was highest when the relative amounts of enzymes were highest in the resistant biotype. Resistance to photoinhibition was not detected by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Enzyme levels, photoinhibition tolerance, and paraquat resistance all increased during flowering in both biotypes. Imperceptibly small increases in enzyme levels would be needed for 20-fold resistance, based on the moderate enzyme increases correlated with 300-fold resistance. Thus, it is feasible that either these enzymes play a role in the first line of defense against photooxidants, or another, yet unknown mechanism(s) facilitate(s) the lower level of resistance, or the enzymes and unknown mechanisms act together.
Digital holographic tuning mechanism for WDM (1996)

A novel non-mechanical and digital tuning mechanism suitable for receivers and sources in a WDM network has been developed. It is inherently stable, precise and repeatable, and has the additional advantages of polarization insensitivity, optical transparency, and the potential for low insertion losses. A wavelength filter with a channel spacing of 1.3 nm, tunable over 82 nm has been successfully demonstrated and used within a tunable fibre laser with a tuning range of 38.5 nm across the erbium window and with an output power of 10 mW.
B Lymphocytes Producing Demyelinating Autoantibodies: Development and Function in Gene-targeted Transgenic Mice (1998)

We studied the cellular basis of self tolerance of B cells specific for brain autoantigens using transgenic mice engineered to produce high titers of autoantibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a surface component of central nervous system myelin. We generated "knock-in" mice by replacing the germline JH locus with the rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) H chain variable (V) gene of a pathogenic MOG-specific monoclonal antibody. In the transgenic mice, conventional B cells reach normal numbers in bone marrow and periphery and express exclusively transgenic H chains, resulting in high titers of MOG-specific serum Igs. Additionally, about one third of transgenic B cells bind MOG, thus demonstrating the absence of active tolerization. Furthermore, peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes are strongly depleted. Upon immunization with MOG, the mature transgenic B cell population undergoes normal differentiation to plasma cells secreting MOG-specific IgG antibodies, during which both Ig isotype switching and somatic mutation occur. In naive transgenic mice, the presence of this substantial autoreactive B cell population is benign, and the mice fail to develop either spontaneous neurological disease or pathological evidence of demyelination. However, the presence of the transgene both accelerates and exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalitis, irrespective of the identity of the initial autoimmune insult.
Outpatient Management without Antibiotics of Fever in Selected Infants (1993)

With the use of strict screening criteria, a substantial number of febrile one-to-two-month-old infants can be cared for safely as outpatients and without antibiotics.
Effects of vaccines on the canine immune system. (1989)

The effects of several commercially available polyvalent canine vaccines on the immune system of the dog were examined. The results demonstrated that the polyvalent vaccines used in this study significantly suppressed the absolute lymphocyte count and that most of the polyvalent vaccines significantly suppressed lymphocyte response to mitogen, but had no effect on natural effector cell activity, neutrophil chemiluminescence, nor antibody response to canine distemper virus. The individual vaccine components from the polyvalent vaccines when inoculated alone did not significantly suppress the lymphocyte response to mitogen. However, when canine distemper virus was combined with canine adenovirus type 1 or canine adenovirus type 2, significant suppression in lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen occurred. The results indicate that interactions between canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 or canine adenovirus type 2 are responsible for the polyvalent vaccine induced suppression of lymphocyte responsiveness.
Asymmetric synthesis of optically active threo- and erythro-pyrrolidinylbenzyl alcohol by the highly stereospecific arylation of (S)-proline and the subsequent highly diastereoselective reduction of the α-amino ketone (1987)

Optically active α-amino phenyl ketones in 92–94% enantiomeric excess (e.e.) were obtained from the stereospecific arylation of (S)-proline or its derivatives by Friedel–Crafts reaction or by Grignard reaction. The subsequent complementary diastereoselective reductions of the α-amino ketone afforded respectively (S)- and (R)-α-[(S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]benzyl alcohol in 93–100% e.e. and in 100% diastereoisomeric excess. The stereochemical course of the reduction of the α-amino ketone is discussed.
Chemical implementation of neural networks and Turing machines. (1991)

We propose a reversible reaction mechanism with a single stationary state in which certain concentrations assume either high or low values dependent on the concentration of a catalyst. The properties of this mechanism are those of a McCulloch-Pitts neuron. We suggest a mechanism of interneuronal connections in which the stationary state of a chemical neuron is determined by the state of other neurons in a homogeneous chemical system and is thus a "hardware" chemical implementation of neural networks. Specific connections are determined for the construction of logic gates: AND, NOR, etc. Neural networks may be constructed in which the flow of time is continuous and computations are achieved by the attainment of a stationary state of the entire chemical reaction system, or in which the flow of time is discretized by an oscillatory reaction. In another article, we will give a chemical implementation of finite state machines and stack memories, with which in principle the construction of a universal Turing machine is possible.
Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease (2000)

AIM To determine levels of cytokines incolonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients.METHODS Cytokines(Interleukin(IL)1-Beta,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)were measured using ELISAin biopsy samples of normal looking colonicmucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn’sdisease patients(n = 9)and from normalcontrols(n = 10)with no family history ofCrohn’s disease.RESULTS Asymptomatic first degree relativesof patients with Crohn’s disease had significantlyhigher levels of basal intestinal mucosalcytokines(IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)than normalcontrols.Whether these increased cytokinelevels serve as phenotypic markers for a geneticpredisposition to developing Crohns diseaselater on,or whether they indicate early(pre-clinical)damage has yet to be further defined.CONCLUSION Asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients have higherlevels of cytokines in their normal-lookingintestinal mucosa compared to normal controls,This supports the hypothesis that increasedcytokines may be a cause or an early event inthe inflammatory cascade of Crohns disease andare not merely a result of the inflammatoryprocess.
Leidenfrost levitation: beyond droplets (2012)

Friction is a major inhibitor in almost every mechanical system. Enlightened by the Leidenfrost effect - a droplet can be levitated by its own vapor layer on a sufficiently hot surface - we demonstrate for the first time that a small cart can also be levitated by Leidenfrost vapor. The levitated cart can carry certain amount of load and move frictionlessly over the hot surface. The maximum load that the cart can carry is experimentally tested over a range of surface temperatures. We show that the levitated cart can be propelled not only by gravitational force over a slanted flat surface, but also self-propelled over a ratchet shaped horizontal surface. In the end, we experimentally tested water consumption rate for sustaining the levitated cart, and compared the results to theoretical calculations. If perfected, this frictionless Leidenfrost cart could be used in numerous engineering applications where relative motion exists between surfaces.