gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCD on-chip amplifiers: noise performance versus MOS transistor dimensions (1991)

The effect of change in the channel width, the channel length, and the bias current of detection-node MOS transistors, in charge-coupled-device (CCD) on-chip amplifiers is studied. A novel approach to noise optimization is shown, and criteria for choosing the optimum gate dimensions are established both in theory and practice. A new parameter, the noise electron density (in square electrons per hertz), is found to be a more suitable parameter for characterizing noise performance. It is shown that, in a well-designed CCD on-chip amplifier, the noise electron density is solely the product of the equivalent gate noise of the detection-node MOS transistor and the total capacitance C/sub 1/ of the detection node. The noise performance is very insensitive to change in the channel width of a factor of two of the optimum value, but it is sensitive to a change in channel length and bias current. The optimum is valid for every type of signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epitope Mapping of Ibalizumab, a Humanized Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody with Anti-HIV-1 Activity in Infected Patients (2010)

Ibalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human CD4, the primary receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). With its unique specificity for domain 2 of CD4, this antibody potently and broadly blocks HIV-1 infection in vitro by inhibiting a postbinding step required for viral entry but without interfering with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-mediated immune function. In clinical trials, ibalizumab has demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity in patients without causing immunosuppression. Thus, a characterization of the ibalizumab epitope was conducted in an attempt to gain insight into the underlying mechanism of its antiviral activity as well as its safety profile. By studying mouse/human chimeric CD4 molecules and site-directed point mutants of CD4, amino acids L96, P121, P122, and Q163 in domain 2 were found to be important for ibalizumab binding, with E77 and S79 in domain 1 also contributing. All these residues appear to cluster on the interface between domains 1 and 2 of human CD4 on a surface opposite the site where gp120 and the MHC-II molecule bind on domain 1. Separately, the epitope of M-T441, a weakly neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody that competes with ibalizumab, was localized entirely within domain 2 on residues 123 to 125 and 138 to 140. The results reported herein not only provide an appreciation for why ibalizumab has not had significant adverse immunological consequences in infected patients to date but also raise possible steric hindrance mechanisms by which this antibody blocks HIV-1 entry into a CD4-positive cell.
Diabetes care - insulin delivery in a changing world. (2008)

Controlling blood glucose levels within acceptable limits is crucial to the long-term health of patients with type 2 diabetes, and patient involvement is a vital element in achieving this goal. The benefits of patient education and chronic disease management tools cannot be underestimated as many patients will require initiation of insulin therapy to achieve glycemic targets. The wide choice of insulin formulations and the ever-expanding range of delivery methods now available make insulin administration easier, less painful, more discreet, and more accurate than ever before, thus providing important tools to overcome barriers to insulin initiation and improve achievement of glycemic goals. In addition, exciting developments in technology for self-monitoring of blood glucose have increased the potential for optimal glycemic control. This review discusses how these approaches can help patients manage their diabetes.
Outer membrane vesicles from group B Neisseria meningitidis Δgna33 mutant: Proteomic and immunological comparison with detergent‐derived outer membrane vesicles (2006)

We compared the proteome of detergent-derived group B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) outer membrane vesicles (DOMVs) with the proteome of outer membrane vesicles (m-OMVs) spontaneously released into culture supernatant by MenB delta gna33, a mutant in which the gene coding for a lytic transglycosylase homologous to the E. coli MltA was deleted. In total, 138 proteins were identified in DOMVs by 1- and 2-DE coupled with MS; 64% of these proteins belonged to the inner membrane and cytoplasmic compartments. By contrast, most of the 60 proteins of m-OMVs were classified by PSORT as outer membrane proteins. When tested for their capacity to elicit bactericidal antibodies, m-OMVs elicited a broad protective activity against a large panel of MenB strains. Therefore, the identification of mutations capable of conferring an OMV-releasing phenotype in bacteria may represent an attractive approach to study bacterial membrane composition and organization, and to design new efficacious vaccine formulations.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Mediates Activation of Tap-2 by Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (2001)

Transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (Tap-2) is responsible for ATP-dependent transport of peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, where peptides bind to newly synthesized human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are essential for cellular immune responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) has been shown to induce the expression of Tap-2. In this study, the induction of endogenous Tap-2 by LMP-1 is shown to be associated with and requires the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7). In DG75 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells, in which LMP-1 induces the expression of IRF-7, LMP-1 induced endogenous Tap-2, and ectopic expression of IRF-7 could enhance the induction. In Akata BL cells, in which LMP-1 could not induce IRF-7, LMP-1 could not induce Tap-2. Addition of IRF-7, which complements the defect in Akata cells, could stimulate the expression of Tap-2. Furthermore, LMP-1 and IRF-7A but not other IRF-7 splicing variants could activate endogenous Tap-2. A Tap-2 promoter reporter construct could be activated by the overexpression of IRF-7A. The activation could be specifically enhanced by LMP-1 and was dependent on an intact interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) present in the Tap-2 promoter. Also, IRF-7 can bind to the Tap-2 promoter under physiological conditions in vivo, as shown by formaldehyde cross-linking, as well as to the Tap-2 ISRE in vitro, as shown by gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, LMP-1 facilitates the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-7. These data point to the role of IRF-7 as a secondary mediator of LMP-1-activated signal transduction for Tap-2 as follows: LMP-1 stimulates the expression of IRF-7 and facilitates its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and then the activated IRF-7 mediates the activation of the cellular Tap-2 gene. The induction of Tap-2 by IRF-7 and LMP-1 may have an important implication for the immune response to EBV and its persistence in vivo.
Collective Anomaly Detection based on Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (2017)

Intrusion detection for computer network systems becomes one of the most critical tasks for network administrators today. It has an important role for organizations, governments and our society due to its valuable resources on computer networks. Traditional misuse detection strategies are unable to detect new and unknown intrusion. Besides, anomaly detection in network security is aim to distinguish between illegal or malicious events and normal behavior of network systems. Anomaly detection can be considered as a classification problem where it builds models of normal network behavior, which it uses to detect new patterns that significantly deviate from the model. Most of the cur- rent research on anomaly detection is based on the learning of normally and anomaly behaviors. They do not take into account the previous, re- cent events to detect the new incoming one. In this paper, we propose a real time collective anomaly detection model based on neural network learning and feature operating. Normally a Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM RNN) is trained only on normal data and it is capable of predicting several time steps ahead of an input. In our approach, a LSTM RNN is trained with normal time series data before performing a live prediction for each time step. Instead of considering each time step separately, the observation of prediction errors from a certain number of time steps is now proposed as a new idea for detecting collective anomalies. The prediction errors from a number of the latest time steps above a threshold will indicate a collective anomaly. The model is built on a time series version of the KDD 1999 dataset. The experiments demonstrate that it is possible to offer reliable and efficient for collective anomaly detection.
An Activating Transcription Factor 5-Mediated Survival Pathway as a Target for Cancer Therapy (2010)

Genes that are highly expressed in cancer cells and are essential for their viability are attractive targets for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in malignant glioma but not normal brain tissues, and is essential for glioma cell survival. Recent work has revealed an essential survival pathway mediated by ATF5 in malignant glioma; pharmacological inhibition of this pathway leads to tumor regression in mice. ATF5 is also highly expressed in a variety of other cancers, and preliminary studies have shown that the ATF5-mediated survival pathway is active in diverse human cancer cell lines. Targeting this pathway may therefore have therapeutic implications for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. In this perspective, we summarize recent advances in ATF5 research, focusing on its role in promoting cancer and its potential as a target for cancer therapy.
The Risk of Microbial Keratitis With Overnight Corneal Reshaping Lenses (2013)

The risk of MK with overnight corneal reshaping contact lenses is similar to that with other overnight modalities. The fact that the CIs for the rates estimated overlap should not be interpreted as evidence of no difference. True differences fewer than 50 cases per 10,000 patient-years were beyond the study's power of detection.
Urinary Oxygenation as a Surrogate Measure of Medullary Oxygenation During Angiotensin II Therapy in Septic Acute Kidney Injury (2017)

In septic acute kidney injury, renal medullary and urinary hypoxia developed several hours before increases in currently used biomarkers. Angiotensin II transiently improved renal function without worsening medullary hypoxia. In septic acute kidney injury, angiotensin II appears to be a safe, effective therapy, and urinary PO2 may be used to detect medullary hypoxia.
Hubble Space Telescope characterized by using phase-retrieval algorithms (1993)

We describe several results characterizing the Hubble Space Telescope from measured point spread functions by using phase-retrieval algorithms. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds show that point spread functions taken well out of focus result in smaller errors when aberrations are estimated and that, for those images, photon noise is not a limiting factor. Reconstruction experiments with both simulated and real data show that the calculation of wave-front propagation by the retrieval algorithms must be performed with a multiple-plane propagation rather than a simple fast Fourier transform to ensure the high accuracy required. Pupil reconstruction was performed and indicates a misalignment of the optical axis of a camera relay telescope relative to the main telescope. After we accounted for measured spherical aberration in the relay telescope, our estimate of the conic constant of the primary mirror of the HST was - 1.0144.
Meiotic gene conversion tract length distribution within the rosy locus of Drosophila melanogaster. (1994)

Employing extensive co-conversion data for selected and unselected sites of known molecular location in the rosy locus of Drosophila. we determine the parameters of meiotic gene conversion tract length distribution. The tract length distribution for gene conversion events can be approximated by the equation P(L > or = n) = phi n where P is the probability that tract length (L) is greater than or equal to a specified number of nucleotides (n). From the co-conversion data, a maximum likelihood estimate with standard error for phi is 0.99717 +/- 0.00026, corresponding to a mean conversion tract length of 352 base pairs. (Thus, gene conversion tract lengths are sufficiently small to allow for extensive shuffling of DNA sequence polymorphisms within a gene). For selected site conversions there is a bias towards recovery of longer tracts. The distribution of conversion tract lengths associated with selected sites can be approximated by the equation P(L > or = n/ selected) = phi n(1 - n + n/phi), where P is now the probability that a selected site tract length (L) is greater than or equal to a specified number of nucleotides (n). For the optimal value of phi determined from the co-conversion analysis, the mean conversion tract length for selected sites is 706 base pairs. We discuss, in the light of this and other studies, the relationship between meiotic gene conversion and P element excision induced gap repair and determine that they are distinct processes defined by different parameters and, possibly, mechanisms.
The Efects of Compound 48/80 and Distilled Water on the Adenosine Triphosphate Content of Isolate Rat Mast Cells (1967)

Abstract The ATP content of isolated pritoneal mast cells from 15 rats averaged 1.7 ± 0.1 mmoles/kg dry weight. When degranulation of the cells and histamine release was induced by compound 48/80 no significant decrease in the ATP content could be demonstratred. When buffered distilled water was used instead as degranulating and histamine releasing agent the ATP content of the cells decreased by 65—75 per cent with an apparent t1/2 of about 20 sec. The result are descussed in relation to the postulated energy‐dependent reaction involved in the degranulation by compound 48/80.
Device performance analysis on 20nm technology thin wafers in a 3D package (2015)

This paper presents the impact of wafer thinning process on GLOBALFOUNDRIES high-k metal gate CMOS wafers with TSV. The initial study of wafer backside surface finish and thickness was performed on non-TSV wafers, and the impact on active devices such as: MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) capacitors, ring oscillators, analog circuit performance and front end of line (FEOL) reliability macros was characterized. Based on the experimental results, a suitable wafer surface finish and thickness was selected for TSV wafer processing. The impact of wafer thinning on device performance was monitored at various stages of packaging, including before thinning, after thinning, end-of line (EOL), and post package reliability tests.
Zur Kenntnis der 1.2.4‐Triazolone, III. Über die Bildung von substituierten 1.2.4‐Triazolonen‐(5) aus N‐Aryl‐N'‐ureido‐amidinen (1961)

Abstract N ‐Aryl‐ N '‐ureido‐amidine gehen beim Schmelzen oder alkalischen Verkochen unter Ammoniakabspaltung in substituierte Triazolone über.
Development and deployment of GPS wireless devices for E911 and location based services (2003)

The Federal Communications Commission recognized as early as 1994 that the rapid adoption of wireless technology in the USA was destined to put additional strain on emergency dispatch and rescue personnel due to the absence of any location information associated with a wireless handset. Previously, the FCC had gone to considerable effort to ensure that all landline phones were associated with an unambiguous street address, so that rescue personnel could be dispatched efficiently during a 911 call. The FCC was compelled by their duties to establish a mandate for the development of "Automatic Location Identification" (ALI) technology by the wireless industry. This paper outlines a system that requires no changes to the wireless network and can provide a wide range of location capabilities, including precise location solutions with GPS. This system was designed for flexibility, and can be used for both commercial location-based services, as well as E911/PSAP solutions.
Protein Chemical Cross-Linking (1993)

Chemical cross-linking of proteins is a special application of chemical modification. The cross-linkers are bifunctional compounds containing two reactive functionalities derived from group specific reagents. They may be classified into homobifunctional, heterobifunctional and zero-length cross-linkers. Different physical and chemical properties have been integrated into these cross-linking reagents, e.g., lengths and sizes, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, cleavability, iodinability, fluorofors, chromophores and spin labels. Examples of each class of compounds are presented. The use of the bifunctional reagents in the stabilization of proteins are discussed with regard to immobilization onto solid supports, cross-linking to other soluble proteins and intramolecular cross-linking. Examples are presented to demonstrate that the reticulation of proteins or enzymes stabilizes native molecular structures against denaturation by chemical, thermal and mechanical forces. It is suggested that the thermal stability of cross-linked proteins may be evaluated by the Arrhenius equation.
Probing the Subpockets of Factor Xa Reveals Two Binding Modes for Inhibitors Based on a 2-Carboxyindole Scaffold:  A Study Combining Structure-Activity Relationship and X-ray Crystallography (2005)

Structure-activity relationships within a series of highly potent 2-carboxyindole-based factor Xa inhibitors incorporating a neutral P1 ligand are described with particular emphasis on the structural requirements for addressing subpockets of the factor Xa enzyme. Interactions with the subpockets were probed by systematic substitution of the 2-carboxyindole scaffold, in combination with privileged P1 and P4 substituents. Combining the most favorable substituents at the indole nucleus led to the discovery of a remarkably potent factor Xa inhibitor displaying a K(i) value of 0.07 nM. X-ray crystallography of inhibitors bound to factor Xa revealed substituent-dependent switching of the inhibitor binding mode and provided a rationale for the SAR obtained. These results underscore the key role played by the P1 ligand not only in determining the binding affinity of the inhibitor by direct interaction but also in modifying the binding mode of the whole scaffold, resulting in a nonlinear SAR.
Molecular harpoons: membrane-disrupting surfactants that recognize osmotic stress (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular harpoons: membrane-disrupting surfactants that recognize osmotic stressKensuke Naka, Andrzej Sadownik, and Steven L. RegenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 4011–4013Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of Mixed Atrial Fibrillation and Typical Atrial Flutter by Hybrid Catheter Ablation (2000)

Successful isthmus ablation of typical atrial flutter mixed with atrial fibrillation (AF) may favorably modify the subsequent course of paroxysmal AF. However, the source of ectopic beats triggering AF may be located in the pulmonary veins (PV). This study compared the results of combined isthmus and focal ablation with ablation limited to the isthmus in patients with mixed AF and typical atrial flutter. Thirty patients with typical atrial flutter and AF were treated. Ablation limited to the isthmus was performed in 14 patients (group A), and 16 patients underwent focal ablation of triggering ectopic beats combined with isthmus ablation (group B). Successful linear ablation of the isthmus was accomplished in all patients. In group A, AF was eliminated in 4 patients (29%) after isthmus ablation. In group B, the origin of 26 foci triggering AF (1 focus in 38% of patients, 2 foci in 31%, 3-4 foci in 31%) was found in the PV in 93% (left superior: 46% left inferior: 21%, right superior: 25%) and the right atrium in 7% of instances. AF was eliminated in 11 patients (69%) after ablation of these foci. The success rate in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in cases of mixed AF and typical atrial flutter, episodes of AF originated from PV foci in > 90% of instances. These findings suggest that isthmus ablation combined with PV focal ablation may be effective in mixed AF and typical atrial flutter.
Gene Expression Analysis Using Oligonucleotide Arrays Produced by Maskless Photolithography (2002)

Microarrays containing 195,000 in situ synthesized oligonucleotide features have been created using a benchtop, maskless photolithographic instrument. This instrument, the Maskless Array Synthesizer (MAS), uses a digital light processor (DLP) developed by Texas Instruments. The DLP creates the patterns of UV light used in the light-directed synthesis of oligonucleotides. This digital mask eliminates the need for expensive and time-consuming chromium masks. In this report, we describe experiments in which we tested this maskless technology for DNA synthesis on glass surfaces. Parameters examined included deprotection rates, repetitive yields, and oligonucleotide length. Custom gene expression arrays were manufactured and hybridized to Drosophila melanogaster and mouse samples. Quantitative PCR was used to validate the gene expression data from the mouse arrays.