gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packaging and Deployment of Large Planar Spacecraft Structures (2016)

This thesis presents a set of novel methods to biaxially package planar structures by folding and wrapping. The structure is divided into strips connected by folds that can slip during wrapping to accommodate material thickness. These packaging schemes are highly efficient, with theoretical packaging efficiencies approaching 100%. Packaging tests on meter-scale physical models have demonstrated packaging efficiencies of up to 83%. These methods avoid permanent deformation of the structure, allowing an initially flat structure to be deployed to a flat state. Also presented are structural architectures and deployment schemes that are compatible with these packaging methods. These structural architectures use either in-plane pretension -- suitable for membrane structures -- or out-of-plane bending stiffness to resist loading. Physical models are constructed to realize these structural architectures. The deployment of these types of structures is shown to be controllable and repeatable by conducting experiments on lab-scale models. These packaging methods, structural architectures, and deployment schemes are applicable to a variety of spacecraft structures such as solar power arrays, solar sails, antenna arrays, and drag sails; they have the potential to enable larger variants of these structures while reducing the packaging volume required. In this thesis, these methods are applied to the preliminary structural design of a space solar power satellite. This deployable spacecraft, measuring 60 m x 60 m, can be packaged into a cylinder measuring 1.5 m in height and 1 m in diameter. It can be deployed to a flat configuration, where it acts as a stiff lightweight support framework for multifunctional tiles that collect sunlight, generate electric power, and transmit it to a ground station on Earth.
Phage abortive infection mechanism from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, expression of which is mediated by an Iso-ISS1 element (1991)

A 5-kb DNA fragment conferring a phage abortive infection phenotype (Abi+) has been cloned from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL416. The Abi+ determinant was subcloned on a 2-kb fragment which carried an Iso-ISS1 element and an open reading frame of 753 bp designated ORFX. Deletion within ORFX entailed the loss of the Abi+ phenotype, establishing that ORFX is the structural abi-416 gene. The expression of abi-416 was shown to be mediated by the Iso-ISS1 element, which contains a sequence fitting the consensus sequence for gram-positive promoters.
Early Stress and Adult Emotional Reactivity in Rhesus Monkeys (2007)

This chapter examines the relationship between early social experiences and behavioural and emotional reactivity in adolescence and adulthood that has been established through extensive research with rhesus monkeys. Classic studies carried out in the 1960s first demonstrated that rearing under conditions of social isolation resulted in severe behavioural abnormalities that carried over into adulthood. In the 1970s techniques for reversing such isolation-induced deficits were developed. More recent studies have examined the long-term consequences of more subtle variation in early rearing environments. Monkeys reared from birth without mothers but with extensive peer contact develop relatively normal social behavioural repertoires and function well in familiar and stable social settings. However, peer-reared monkeys display extreme behavioural and physiological reactions to environmental challenges, such as brief social separation, later in life. In contrast, monkeys reared by unusually nurturant foster mothers appear to develop effective strategies for coping with subsequent environmental challenges. Some general principles that have emerged from these studies with rhesus monkeys will be outlined and their implications regarding possible relationships between early social experiences and responses to challenge later in life in humans will be discussed.
Evaluation and Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Gastroenterological Perspective (2010)

A substantial volume of the consultations requested of gastroenterologists are directed towards the evaluation of anemia. Since iron deficiency anemia often arises from bleeding gastrointestinal lesions, many of which are malignant, establishment of a firm diagnosis usually obligates an endoscopic evaluation. Although the laboratory tests used to make the diagnosis have not changed in many decades, their interpretation has, and this is possibly due to the availability of extensive testing in key populations. We provide data supporting the use of the serum ferritin as the sole useful measure of iron stores, setting the lower limit at 100 microg/l for some populations in order to increase the sensitivity of the test. Trends of the commonly obtained red cell indices, mean corpuscular volume, and the red cell distribution width can provide valuable diagnostic information. Once the diagnosis is established, upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is usually indicated. Nevertheless, in many cases a gastrointestinal source is not found after routine evaluation. Additional studies, including repeat upper and lower endoscopy and often investigation of the small intestine may thus be required. Although oral iron is inexpensive and usually effective, there are many gastrointestinal conditions that warrant treatment of iron deficiency with intravenous iron.
Seebeck’s effect in micromachined thermopiles for infrared detection. A review (2007)

Beginning with the discovery of Seebeck, thermopiles have come increasingly under the spotlight of commercial infrared sensing. The constantly growing interest has motivated us to write an overview of micromachined thermopiles. The first part deals with the Seebeck effect and discusses the most important physical parameters. In the second part, the most important material systems, techniques and micromachined structures are discussed on the basis of different examples. We explain the motivation behind miniaturized thermopile detectors and give a functional explanation of physical interrelations. Finally, different applications are presented and discussed in terms of their future potential.
A highly scalable 8-layer 3D vertical-gate (VG) TFT NAND Flash using junction-free buried channel BE-SONOS device (2010)

An 8-layer, 75 nm half-pitch, 3D stacked vertical-gate (VG) TFT BE-SONOS NAND Flash array is fabricated and characterized. We propose a buried-channel (n-type well) device to improve the read current of TFT NAND, and it also allows the junction-free structure which is particularly important for 3D stackable devices. Large self-boosting disturb-free memory window (6V) can be obtained in our device, and for the first time the “Z-interference” between adjacent vertical layers is studied. The proposed buried-channel VG NAND allows better X, Y pitch scaling and is a very attractive candidate for ultra high-density 3D stackable NAND Flash.
Automotive Electronics Handbook (1999)

Part I: Introduction. Part II: Sensors and Actuators. Pressure Sensors. Linear and Angle Position Sensors. Flow Sensors. Temperature, Heat, and Humidity Sensors. Exhaust Gas Sensors. Speed and Acceleration Sensors. Engine Knock Sensors. Engine Torque Sensors. Actuators. Part III: Control Systems. Automotive Microcontrollers. Engine Control. Transmission Control. Cruise Control. Braking Control. Traction Control. Stability Control. Suspension Control. Steering Control. Lighting, Wipers, Air Conditioning/Heating. Part IV: Displays and Information Systems. Instrument Panel Display Technologies. On- and Off-Board Diagnostics. Part V: Safety, Convenience, Entertainment, and Other Systems. Passenger Safety and Convenience. Remote Keyless Entry and Antitheft Systems. Entertainment Products. Multiplex Wiring Systems. Part VI: Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility. Electromagnetic Standards and Interference. Electromagnetic Compatibility. Part VII: Emerging Technologies. Object Detection, Collision Warning, Collision Avoidance. Adaptive Cruise Control. Navigation Aids and Driver Information Systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Noise Cancellation Systems. The Digital Vehicle.
Multi-bias dependence of threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and mobility in G/sup 4/-FETs (2004)

Systematic measurements of four-gate SOI transistors (G/sup 4/-FET) are presented. Methods of extraction of the threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and mobility in the linear region are discussed and results are shown. The extracted parameters demonstrate the complex dependence of the multi-gate biases, which is explained. A new extraction technique for the carrier mobility and effective width of devices with isolated multiple gates is proposed.
Neutrophil mobilization via plerixafor-mediated CXCR4 inhibition arises from lung demargination and blockade of neutrophil homing to the bone marrow (2013)

Blood neutrophil homeostasis is essential for successful host defense against invading pathogens. Circulating neutrophil counts are positively regulated by CXCR2 signaling and negatively regulated by the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis. In particular, G-CSF, a known CXCR2 signaler, and plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, have both been shown to correct neutropenia in human patients. G-CSF directly induces neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) into the blood, but the mechanisms underlying plerixafor-induced neutrophilia remain poorly defined. Using a combination of intravital multiphoton microscopy, genetically modified mice and novel in vivo homing assays, we demonstrate that G-CSF and plerixafor work through distinct mechanisms. In contrast to G-CSF, CXCR4 inhibition via plerixafor does not result in neutrophil mobilization from the BM. Instead, plerixafor augments the frequency of circulating neutrophils through their release from the marginated pool present in the lung, while simultaneously preventing neutrophil return to the BM. Our study demonstrates for the first time that drastic changes in blood neutrophils can originate from alternative reservoirs other than the BM, while implicating a role for CXCR4-CXCL12 interactions in regulating lung neutrophil margination. Collectively, our data provides valuable insights into the fundamental regulation of neutrophil homeostasis, which may lead to the development of improved treatment regimens for neutropenic patients.
Dosing Clopidogrel Based on CYP2C19 Genotype and the Effect on Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Stable Cardiovascular Disease (2011)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01235351.
THE PURIFICATION OF THIAMINASE II (1960)

Thiaminase II of Bacillus aneurinolyticus was purified and crystallized from the cultured synthetic medium by ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium phosphate gel treatment and starch zone electrophoresis.Some of the properties of the purified enzyme were demonstrated.
Three-dimensional modelling of scattering loss in InGaAsP/InP and silica-on-silicon bent waveguides (2009)

A three-dimensional (3D) method for the estimation of scattering loss due to sidewalls roughness in bent optical waveguides is proposed and validated. The approach, based on Volume Current Method (VCM), has been pointed out to accurately calculate the scattering loss as dependent on curvature radius and wavelength. An exponential model has been employed to analytically describe the sidewalls roughness and a 3D mode solver based on mode-matching method has been used to calculate optical field distribution in the bent waveguide cross-section. Scattering loss suffered by two low index contrast waveguides has been investigated by the developed algorithm. For a buried InGaAsP/InP waveguide and a 6 µ m × 6 µ m silica-on-silicon guiding structure scattering loss dependence on bending radius, wavelength, roughness, correlation length and standard deviation has been investigated and discussed. Because of the different index contrast values, InGaAsP/InP waveguide exhibits a scattering loss which is quite six times larger than in silica-on-silicon. For both guiding structures, quasi-TM mode shows a larger scattering loss than quasi-TE one.
Excimers and exciplexes in organic electroluminescence (2009)

In organic light emitting devices (LEDs) various types of emissive states are created: (i) molecular excited states (localized excitons), or bimolecular (B-M) species: excimers, electromers, exciplexes and electroplexes. The consequences of the formation of B-M excited species for optical and electrical characteristics of organic LEDs are discussed and illustrated by various examples. While molecular excitons can be viewed in some sense as correlated electron–hole (e-h) pairs with the inter-charge mean separation less than an intermolecular spacing, the size of B-M excited states amounts usually to one or two intermolecular spacings. The B-M species can be classified as electrically balanced states, formed under energy and charge exchange between neighbour molecules, and have either a singlet or a triplet character. The focus of the paper is on excimer and exciplex forming single phosphorescent dopant blends-based emitting layers but characteristic features of other B-M excited species (electromers and electroplexes) and their emissions are also mentioned. Of particular interest in modern optoelectronics are white and infrared organic LEDs. It is shown how excimer and exciplex emissions can be employed in manufacturing such devices. Examples include efficient white and near-infrared LEDs, based on single dopant emitters of an efficient N–C–N-coordinated platinum(II) complex phosphor, and their improved versions, obtained by modification of the emitter matrix materials and electron injecting electrodes.
The Photodimerization of Monomethyl Fumarate (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photodimerization of Monomethyl FumarateT. Sadeh and G. M. J. SchmidtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 20, 3970Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00879a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00879a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathogenesis of tumor invasion. II. Aggregate replication. (1960)

Summary Invasive carcinoma commonly presents a picture of nests of neoplastic cells in a matrix of connective tissue. As the tumor grows and involves larger volumes of tissue, increasing numbers of aggregates of carcinoma cells are seen. Evidently, mechanisms exist by which nests of cells give rise to other nests. Factors within the aggregates as well as factors in the supporting stroma can be expected to play a role in the propagation of aggregates. In this study, aggregate formation was observed in vitro in the complete absence of living stromal cells. Several cell lines in sponge-matrix tissue culture grew as increasing numbers of multicellular groups. Derivatives of Strain D (obtained originally from infant9s foreskin) were studied in detail in several plasma clot systems and in umbilical cord matrix. When D-189 cells were suspended in a thin plasma clot under agar, enlarging spherical colonies gave rise to ribbons of cells growing on the plasma-glass interface. As primary ribbons lengthened, secondary ribbons appeared in geometric, branching patterns. The final pattern was one of an elaborate criss-cross of many ribbons of cells. In addition to the criss-cross pattern at the plasma-glass interface, when a second plasma clot was used as the overlay, branching cords of cells grew from the initial clump into the substance of the clot. Many globular groups of cells appeared among the branching cords. When the same line was grown in umbilical cord matrix, branching cords of cells produced a complex arborization. The geometric patterns obtained do not appear to result primarily from cells following preformed mechanical lines provided by the matrix. Instead, the patterns suggest that groups of cells function as integrated units in the propagation of similar groups and that their reproduction may have qualities of predictability and rhythmic periodicity.
Fibrinogen, inflammation and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic renal failure (2003)

Elevated fibrinogen is independently associated with LV concentric hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in ESRD patients. These relationships may contribute to the negative prognostic impact of elevated fibrinogen levels in ESRD.
Reliability of comparative genomic hybridization to detect chromosome abnormalities in first polar bodies and metaphase II oocytes (2004)

We demonstrate the reliability of 1PB analysis by CGH, to detect almost any chromosome abnormality in oocytes as well as unbalanced segregations of maternal translocations in a time frame compatible with regular in vitro fertilization (IVF). The selection of euploid oocytes could help to increase implantation and pregnancy rates of patients undergoing IVF treatment.
Photochromic transformations in doped polymers upon two-photon excitation (2001)

Physical photochromic transformations are studied in doped polymer films upon two-photon excitation. It is shown by the example of fluorescein halogen derivatives that the triplet-level population of molecules can be controlled by exciting the system by light into the T1 → Tn triplet — triplet absorption band of molecules. It is proposed to use this effect for fabrication of materials with controllable photochromic properties.
Real-Time Automated PCR for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000)

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of real-time automated PCR as a quantitative, highly reproducible, and sensitive method to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in blood specimens. Intra- and interassay precision rates were 0.89% (small number of copies [L]), 1.43% (middle number of copies [M]), and 1.12% (high number of copies [H]), and 4.46% (L), 1.51% (M), and 2.28% (H), respectively. The linearity of this assay was obtained between 10 and 10(7) copies/well, with a minimum detection limit of 20 copies/well. Specimens from 55 of 70 healthy subjects were found to be positive for CMV antibody, but CMV DNA was not detected in any of them. In the qualitative assessment of each specimen, the results of the CMV antigenemia assay and those of the real-time PCR assay agreed in 80% (plasma specimens), 79% (all nucleated cells), and 86% (blood) of the cases examined. For eight patients diagnosed as having CMV infection or disease, no sample was positive in the antigenemia assay earlier than in the real-time PCR assay. Furthermore, the results of this assay could be obtained within 8 h. We concluded that the real-time PCR assay is useful for rapid diagnosis of CMV infection and monitoring of clinical courses.
Identification of Antigenic Components Recognized by “Membrane‐Bound” Antibodies From Ovarian Cancer Patients (1984)

Immunoglobulins, eluted from ascites fluid-derived membrane fragments, were used to identify antigens with which they react from ovarian cancer patients. These immunoglobulin preparations were demonstrated to bind antigens from ovarian tumors, but not from normal ovaries. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify the components responsible for the reactivity. The different patients' immunoglobulin preparations were reactive with a similar group of antigens; however, the level of response to each individual component varies. In previous studies, the acid-eluted immunoglobulin was shown to be reactive with tissues other than ovarian tumors. Relating this cross-reactivity with the antigens found in ovarian tumors, we found that some components were found only in ovarian tumors, and others appear to be shared by gynecologic tumors, in general. Of these antigens, most are apparently placental antigens. Two proteins were found in normal ovaries.
Obfuscated malicious javascript detection using classification techniques (2009)

As the World Wide Web expands and more users join, it becomes an increasingly attractive means of distributing malware. Malicious javascript frequently serves as the initial infection vector for malware. We train several classifiers to detect malicious javascript and evaluate their performance. We propose features focused on detecting obfuscation, a common technique to bypass traditional malware detectors. As the classifiers show a high detection rate and a low false alarm rate, we propose several uses for the classifiers, including selectively suppressing potentially malicious javascript based on the classifier's recommendations, achieving a compromise between usability and security.
Terawatt to Petawatt Subpicosecond Lasers (1994)

The application of the chirped-pulse amplification technique to solid-state lasers combined with the availability of broad-bandwidth materials has made possible the development of small-scale terawatt and now even petawatt (1000-terawatt) laser systems. The laser technology used to produce these intense pulses and examples of new phenomena resulting from the application of these systems to atomic and plasma physics are described.
Development of biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (2004)

Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease, as several pathophysiological processes (including inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage and repair mechanisms) participate in the disease process. Furthermore, as new pathological evidence reveals, these processes are not uniformly represented across patient populations but can selectively predominate in individual patients, thus contributing to the heterogeneity in phenotypic expression of the disease, its prognosis and response to therapies. While the armamentarium of available therapies for multiple sclerosis broadens, little is known about factors that predict treatment response in individual patients to a specific drug. More importantly, we are beginning to understand that, analogous to cancer therapy, the successful therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis might ultimately involve the combination of different therapeutics targeting several dominant pathophysiological processes. The development of these process-specific therapies will be impossible without the use of biomarkers that reflect the targeted process, can select patient population in which the targeted process is prevailing and can aid during the more rapid screening of therapeutic agents in the early phase of their development. This review summarizes the general concepts of biomarkers and their potential use as surrogate endpoints and tailors these concepts to specific applications in multiple sclerosis research.