gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane lipid dynamics in human promyelocytic leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induction of differentiation. (1984)

A series of fluorescent probes was used to analyze membrane lipid dynamics in promyelocytic leukemic cells sensitive (HL-60) or resistant (R-55) to phorbol diester induction of cell differentiation. When examined with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, which can penetrate the plasma membrane and intercalate in the lipids of both leaflets of the plasma membrane, as well as in organellar membranes, R-55 cells were found to have higher fluorescence anisotropy values, indicative of decreased lipid fluidity, as compared to HL-60 cells. In contrast, when HL-60 and R-55 cells were compared using a series of membrane-impermeant fluorophores (stachyose derivatives of anthroyloxystearate and pyrenebutyryl hydrazide) that incorporate only into the outer hemileaflet of the plasma membrane, no difference was observed in membrane lipid fluidity. Exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (10 ng/ml) for 24 hr decreased the fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in both HL-60 and R-55 cells, whereas by 48 hr only the HL-60 cells displayed the reduction. No effect on the fluorescence anisotropy of 1-(4'-trimethylammonium phenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, which is believed to localize in the plasma membrane, was observed in R-55 cells exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (10 or 100 ng/ml), whereas HL-60 cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (10 ng/ml) showed a marked reduction in the fluorescence anisotropy. These observations suggest that the ability of HL-60 cells to respond to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate may be affected by the physical state of the plasma membrane lipids and that the resistant phenotype is associated with decreased fluidity of either the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and/or of the cytosolic organellar membranes.
Cold atom micro primary standard (CAMPS) (2012)

We present progress towards a primary frequency standard with substantial reduction in size, weight, and power over the state of the art. Our clock is based on the microwave hyperfine transition in rubidium 87. Unique to this effort, our focus is on special design considerations and engineering trades to realize a primary frequency standard in an ultimate 5 cc form factor, with 50 mW power consumption, and which is compatible with a robust, high-volume manufacturing process. In our approach, atoms are laser cooled from a background vapor into a magneto-optical trap. The magnetic and optical trapping forces are extinguished, allowing the atoms to freely expand, and Ramsey spectroscopy is performed to measure the clock transition between the F = 1 and F = 2 hyperfine states. Key to size reduction is the use of laser cooled atoms to achieve narrow line widths in a small size, and the ability to perform all the clock functions (sample preparation, spectroscopy, and read-out) in one physical location. Using a miniaturized physics package, signal-to-noise ratios greater than 100 and clock line quality factors greater than 1E+8 have been achieved. We also discuss limiting factors and prospects for improvement.
COOH-terminal sequence motifs target the T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase to the ER and nucleus. (1995)

The noncatalytic domain of the human T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is alternatively spliced to generate a 45-kD form, p45TC, and a 48-kD form, p48TC (Champion-Arnaud et al., 1991; Mosinger et al., 1992). This manuscript concerns structural motifs in the noncatalytic segment of the enzyme responsible for targeting the two forms to different subcellular compartments. Endogenous and transiently expressed p48TC associates with the ER, as determined by sucrose gradient fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. By contrast, p45TC localizes in the nucleus even though upon cell lysis it is not retained and fractionates with markers for soluble enzymes. Using fusion proteins consisting of beta-galactosidase and COOH-terminal fragments of p48TC, two motifs necessary for ER retention within a 70-residue targeting segment have been identified. These include the terminal 19 hydrophobic residues which comprise a potential membrane-spanning segment and residues 346-358 which encompass a cluster of basic amino acids that may represent another type of ER retention motif. The sequence RKRKR, which immediately precedes the splice junction, functions as a nuclear localization signal for p45TC.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a folic acid derivative labeled with 18F for PET imaging of folate receptor-positive tumors. (2006)

This new 18F-labeled folic acid derivative is a promising tool for PET imaging of folate receptor-positive tumors.
Reactively Evaporated Films of Scandia and Yttria (1973)

Sc(2)O(3) and Y(2)O(3) films were prepared by evaporation from resistance heated boats in a residual gas atmosphere of oxygen. Films of much lower absorptance were obtained than from coatings produced in high vacuum. The short wavelength limit of high transparency was between 300 nm and 400 nm, while the long wavelength absorption edge was reached at about 11 microm. Refractive indices of 1.8-2.0 were measured for both oxides. The influence of annealing on the optical- properties of the films was investigated. The films were amorphous and proved to be mechanically very stable and water resistant. Electron micrographs showed smooth and uniform surfaces. By antireflection coatings of yttria the transmittance of silicon was increased from 52% to 99.4% at the maximum. Possible advantages by the application of Sc(2)O(3) and Y(2)O(3) instead of SiO for antireflection coatings on GaAs laser surfaces are discussed.
Spectrally optimal sampling for distribution ray tracing (1991)

Nonuniform sampling of images is a useful technique in computer graphics, because a properly designed pattern of samples can make aliasing take the form of high-frequency random noise. In this paper, the technique of nonuniform sampling is extended from two dimensions to include the extra parameter dimensions of distribution ray tracing. A condition for optimality is suggested, and algorithms for approximating optimal sampling are developed. The technique is demonstrated at low sampling densities, so the characteristics of aliasing noise are clearly visible. At supersampling rates, this technique should move noise into frequencies above the passband of the pixel-reconstruction filter.
Orphan nuclear receptor TLX recruits histone deacetylases to repress transcription and regulate neural stem cell proliferation (2007)

TLX is a transcription factor that is essential for neural stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. However, the molecular mechanism of TLX-mediated neural stem cell proliferation and self-renewal is largely unknown. We show here that TLX recruits histone deacetylases (HDACs) to its downstream target genes to repress their transcription, which in turn regulates neural stem cell proliferation. TLX interacts with HDAC3 and HDAC5 in neural stem cells. The HDAC5-interaction domain was mapped to TLX residues 359-385, which contains a conserved nuclear receptor-coregulator interaction motif IXXLL. Both HDAC3 and HDAC5 have been shown to be recruited to the promoters of TLX target genes along with TLX in neural stem cells. Recruitment of HDACs led to transcriptional repression of TLX target genes, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(CIP1/WAF1)(p21), and the tumor suppressor gene, pten. Either inhibition of HDAC activity or knockdown of HDAC expression led to marked induction of p21 and pten gene expression and dramatically reduced neural stem cell proliferation, suggesting that the TLX-interacting HDACs play an important role in neural stem cell proliferation. Moreover, expression of a TLX peptide containing the minimal HDAC5 interaction domain disrupted the TLX-HDAC5 interaction. Disruption of this interaction led to significant induction of p21 and pten gene expression and to dramatic inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism for neural stem cell proliferation through transcriptional repression of p21 and pten gene expression by TLX-HDAC interactions.
Immunomicelles: Targeted pharmaceutical carriers for poorly soluble drugs (2003)

To prepare immunomicelles, new targeted carriers for poorly soluble pharmaceuticals, a procedure has been developed to chemically attach mAbs to reactive groups incorporated into the corona of polymeric micelles made of polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates. Micelle-attached antibodies retained their ability to specifically interact with their antigens. Immunomicelles with attached antitumor mAb 2C5 effectively recognized and bound various cancer cells in vitro and showed an increased accumulation in experimental tumors in mice when compared with nontargeted micelles. Intravenous administration of tumor-specific 2C5 immunomicelles loaded with a sparingly soluble anticancer agent, taxol, into experimental mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma resulted in an increased accumulation of taxol in the tumor compared with free taxol or taxol in nontargeted micelles and in enhanced tumor growth inhibition. This family of pharmaceutical carriers can be used for the solubilization and enhanced delivery of poorly soluble drugs to various pathological sites in the body.
Interleukin-11: a new cytokine critical for osteoclast development. (1994)

Stromal cells of the bone marrow control the development of osteoclasts through the production of cytokines capable of promoting the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the deregulated production of the cytokine IL-6 in the bone marrow mediates an increase in osteoclastogenesis after estrogen loss. IL-6, however, does not influence osteoclastogenesis in the estrogen-replete state, suggesting that other cytokines might be responsible for osteoclast development under physiologic circumstances. We report here that IL-11, a newly discovered cytokine that is produced by marrow stromal cells, induced the formation of osteoclasts exhibiting an unusually high degree of ploidy in cocultures of murine bone marrow and calvarial cells. Osteoclasts formed in the presence of IL-11 were capable of bone resorption, as evidenced by the formation of resorption pits, as well as the release of 45Ca from prelabeled murine calvaria. Further, an antibody neutralizing IL-11 suppressed osteoclast development induced by either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, interleukin-1, or tumor necrosis factor; whereas inhibitors of IL-1 or TNF had no effect on IL-11-stimulated osteoclast formation. The effects of IL-11 on osteoclast development were blocked by indomethacin; more important, however, they were independent of the estrogen status of the marrow donors.
Development of Dengue virus type 2 replicons capable of prolonged expression in host cells (2001)

Dengue virus genomes lacking major structural proteins can, like other flaviviruses, replicate intracellularly and express virus non-structural proteins with minimal toxicity to host cells. These findings pave the way for the development of dengue virus replicons as a form of live, attenuated virus vaccine.
Creation of a Nonspreading Rift Valley Fever Virus (2011)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic bunyavirus of the genus Phlebovirus and a serious human and veterinary pathogen. RVFV contains a three-segmented RNA genome, which is comprised of the large (L), medium (M), and small (S) segments. The proteins that are essential for genome replication are encoded by the L and S segments, whereas the structural glycoproteins are encoded by the M segment. We have produced BHK replicon cell lines (BHK-Rep) that maintain replicating L and S genome segments. Transfection of BHK-Rep cells with a plasmid encoding the structural glycoproteins results in the efficient production of RVFV replicon particles (RRPs). To facilitate monitoring of infection, the NSs gene was replaced with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene. RRPs are infectious for both mammalian and insect cells but are incapable of autonomous spreading, rendering their application outside biosafety containment completely safe. We demonstrate that a single intramuscular vaccination with RRPs protects mice from a lethal dose of RVFV and show that RRPs can be used for rapid virus neutralization tests that do not require biocontainment facilities. The methods reported here will greatly facilitate vaccine and drug development as well as fundamental studies on RVFV biology. Moreover, it may be possible to develop similar systems for other members of the bunyavirus family as well.
Carbon-11 labeling of nonpeptide angiotensin-II antogonists: MK-996 and analogs (1994)

Our goal was to develop a tracer that can be used for imaging of angiotensin-II (ANG-II), AT{sub 1} receptors in vivo via PET. MK-996 is a potent, nonpeptide, benzamide-based, AT{sub 1} selective antagonist (IC{sub 50}=0.15 nM) in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension. (C-11)MK-996 was prepared using (C-11)benzoyl chloride synthesized in two steps from (C-11) carbon dioxide via (C-11)benzoic acid. The labeled acid chloride was made by reacting the (C-11)benzoic acid with either phthaloyl dichloride or thionyl chloride. After HPLC purification, the (C-11)MK-996 with an average synthesis time of 38 minutes from EOB, a non-decay corrected radiochemical yield of 3%, and a specific activity of 1162 Ci/mmol at EOS. Although this route provided the radiotracer in sufficient quantities for imaging studies, the synthesis was cumbersome. Thus, a labeled tracer that could be prepared more conveniently was sought.
Novel Recombinant-Antigen Enzyme Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Syphilis (1998)

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is an ideal method for screening large numbers of patients for syphilis. We evaluated a novel immune-capture EIA (ICE Syphilis; Murex Diagnostics) that uses three recombinant Treponema pallidum antigens (TpN15, TpN17, and TpN47) and compared the results with those obtained by the native T. pallidum antigen EIA (Captia SelectSyph-G; Centocor) that we currently use for the serodiagnosis of syphilis. Specificity was evaluated by screening 1,184 unselected serum specimens in parallel by the ICE Syphilis and SelectSyph-G assays, while sensitivity was tested with a panel of 101 serum specimens containing antitreponemal antibodies (treated and untreated) from patients with various stages of infection. The specificity of the ICE Syphilis EIA (99.8%) on screening was significantly higher (P < 0.02) than that of the SelectSyph-G EIA (99.2%). The sensitivity of the ICE Syphilis EIA was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of the SelectSyph-G EIA on both initial (99 versus 91.4%) and repeat (100 versus 92.4%) testing. The ICE Syphilis EIA was also significantly more sensitive (P < 0.01) than the fluorescent treponemal antibody-abs (92.4%) but not the T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (97.1%). Sera containing antitreponemal antibodies gave a much higher antibody index (absorbance of test serum/kit cutoff) by the ICE Syphilis EIA than by the SelectSyph-G EIA. This combined with the overall high sensitivity makes the ICE Syphilis EIA an ideal test for excluding or detecting treponemal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The ICE Syphilis EIA was positive with sera from all 15 HIV-infected patients in the study, whereas sera from 3 HIV-infected patients were negative by the SelectSyph-G EIA. We conclude that the high sensitivity and specificity of the ICE Syphilis EIA and its suitability for automation make it an ideal screening test.
Destruction of gram-negative food-borne pathogens by high pH involves disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane (1994)

High pH has been shown to rapidly destroy gram-negative food-borne pathogens; however, the mechanism of destruction has not yet been elucidated. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13706, and Listeria monocytogenes F5069 were suspended in NaHCO3-NaOH buffer solutions at pH 9, 10, 11, or 12 to give a final cell concentration of approximately 5.2 x 10(8) CFU/ml and then held at 37 or 45 degrees C. At 0, 5, 10, and 15 min the suspensions were sterilely filtered and each filtrate was analyzed for material with A260. Viability of the cell suspensions was evaluated by enumeration on nonselective and selective agars. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A260 increased dramatically with pH and temperature for both E. coli and S. enteritidis; however, with L. monocytogenes material with A260 was not detected at any of the pHs tested. At pH 12, numbers of E. coli and S. enteritidis decreased at least 8 logs within 15 s, whereas L. monocytogenes decreased by only 1 log in 10 min. There was a very strong correlation between the initial rate of release of material with A260 and death rate of the gram-negative pathogens (r = 0.997). At pH 12, gram-negative test cells appeared collapsed and showed evidence of lysis while gram-positive L. monocytogenes did not, when observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was concluded that destruction of gram-negative food-borne pathogens by high pH involves disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane.
ARID5B Genetic Polymorphisms Contribute to Racial Disparities in the Incidence and Treatment Outcome of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2012)

ARID5B polymorphisms are important determinants of childhood ALL susceptibility and treatment outcome, and they contribute to racial disparities in this disease.
REACTIONS WITH CYANOTHIOACETAMIDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SEVERAL NEW THIENO- AND AZOLOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES (1996)

Abstract Several new thieno- and azolopyridine derivatives were synthesized via a new route by reaction of some new di- and tetrahydropyridine thiones with different halogeno-ketones and halogeno-esters. Structures were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data.
Copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and beyond: new reactivity of copper(i) acetylides (2010)

Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a widely utilized, reliable, and straightforward way for making covalent connections between building blocks containing various functional groups. It has been used in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, surface and polymer chemistry, and bioconjugation applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the reaction, its mechanism involves multiple reversible steps involving coordination complexes of copper(I) acetylides of varying nuclearity. Understanding and controlling these equilibria is of paramount importance for channeling the reaction into the productive catalytic cycle. This tutorial review examines the history of the development of the CuAAC reaction, its key mechanistic aspects, and highlights the features that make it useful to practitioners in different fields of chemical science.
MART-1–Specific Melanoma Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Maintaining CD28 Expression Have Improved Survival and Expansion Capability Following Antigenic Restimulation In Vitro (2009)

We determined how CD8(+) melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from two distinct phases of expansion in preparation for adoptive T cell therapy respond to melanoma Ag restimulation. We found that TILs isolated after the rapid expansion protocol (REP) phase, used to generate the final patient TIL infusion product, were hyporesponsive to restimulation with MART-1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, with many CD8(+) T cells undergoing apoptosis. Telomere length was shorter post-REP, but of sufficient length to support further cell division. Phenotypic analysis revealed that cell-surface CD28 expression was significantly reduced in post-REP TILs, whereas CD27 levels remained unchanged. Tracking post-REP TIL proliferation by CFSE dilution, as well as sorting for CD8(+)CD28(+) and CD8(+)CD28(-) post-REP subsets, revealed that the few CD28(+) TILs remaining post-REP had superior survival capacity and proliferated after restimulation with MART-1 peptide. An analysis of different supportive cytokine mixtures during the REP found that a combination of IL-15 and IL-21 facilitated comparable expansion of CD8(+) TILs as IL-2, but prevented the loss of CD28 expression with improved responsiveness to antigenic restimulation post-REP. These results suggest that current expansion protocols using IL-2 for melanoma adoptive T cell therapy yields largely CD8(+) T cells unable to persist and divide in vivo following Ag contact. The few CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells that remain may be the only CD8(+) TILs that ultimately survive to repopulate the host and mediate long-term tumor control. A REP protocol using IL-15 and IL-21 may greatly increase the number of CD28(+) TILs capable of long-term persistence.
Aseptic Rearing of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)1 (1973)

Journal Article Aseptic Rearing of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) Get access Maria C. Rosales-Ronquillo, Maria C. Rosales-Ronquillo Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert W. Simons, Robert W. Simons Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul H. Silverman Paul H. Silverman Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 66, Issue 5, 17 September 1973, Pages 949–954, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/66.5.949 Published: 17 September 1973 Article history Received: 26 October 1972 Published: 17 September 1973
Identification of functional domains in the maize transcriptional activator C1: comparison of wild-type and dominant inhibitor proteins. (1991)

Genes encoding fusions between the maize regulatory protein C1 and the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 and mutant C1 proteins were assayed for their ability to trans-activate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in intact maize tissues. The putative DNA-binding region of C1 fused to the transcriptional activation domain of GAL4 activated transcription of anthocyanin structural gene promoters in c1 aleurones, c1 Rscm2 embryos, and c1 r embryogenic callus. Cells receiving these constructs accumulated purple anthocyanin pigments. The C1 acidic region fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain activated transcription of a GAL4-regulated promoter. An internal deletion of C1 also induced pigmentation; however, frameshifts in either the amino-terminal basic or carboxy-terminal acidic region blocked trans-activation, and the latter generated a dominant inhibitory protein. Fusion constructs between the wild-type C1 cDNA and the dominant inhibitor allele C1-I cDNA were used to identify the amino acid changes in C1 responsible for the C1-I inhibitory phenotype. Results from these studies establish that amino acids within the myb-homologous domain are critical for transcriptional activation.