gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology of electrostatic spinning for the production of polyurethane tissue engineering scaffolds (2007)

Abstract Electrostatic spinning was investigated as an alternative to electrospinning to establish the potential of the technique for the production of a range of microfibrous polyurethane scaffolds with a variety of structures and properties related to the fabrication conditions. Tecoflex ® SG‐80A polyurethane was spun, systematically altering the spinning parameters, and the resulting scaffolds were characterised using scanning electron microscopy. Inter‐fibre separation was significantly affected by flow rate, spray distance and grid and mandrel voltages; fibre diameter by flow rate and mandrel voltage; void fraction by flow rate; fibre orientation by traverse speed and mandrel speed; and thickness by flow rate. Thus, scaffold (three‐dimensional) architecture may be controlled through manipulation of the electric fields and the fibre deposition (spinning parameters of flow rate and grid and mandrel voltages); and by spray movement and direction (spinning parameters of relative spray height, spray distance, traverse speed and mandrel speed). There were significant differences between the internal and external scaffold surfaces, due in part to the manner in which the surface of the mandrels was prepared. We conclude that the process may be used to produce a range of polyurethane scaffolds for use in many tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic engineering of cytolytic T lymphocytes for adoptive T‐cell therapy of neuroblastoma (2004)

These data demonstrate the utility of CE7R for re-directing the effector function of CTL to neuroblastoma and have provided the rationale to initiate a FDA-authorized (BB-IND#9149) pilot clinical trial to establish the feasibility and safety of adoptive transfer of autologous CE7R(+)CD8(+) CTL clones to children with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma.
Regulatory aspects of clinical xenotransplantation (2015)

Xenotransplantation attracted interest from regulatory authorities, particularly after the demonstration of pig-to-human transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (1996). This added to the risk of a product, resulting in a Guidance of the US Food and Drug Administration (2003). This addresses the full flow chart in product manufacturing, starting with the designated pathogen-free status of the source animal; and special aspects regarding the recipient like informed consent and monitoring for infectious pathogens. Also archiving of records from the donor and recipient, as well as storage of samples is described. The European Medicines Agency issued a Guideline on xenogeneic cell therapy products (2009). Cell-based medicinal products are subject to specific regulations and directives, which apply also to xenogeneic products: the xenotransplant guidances/guidelines are an addition to these regulations. Noteworthy, acellular products like heart valves and decellularized cornea are not considered a cell therapy product, but rather a medical device with its own regulation. WHO issued relevant documents, especially about safety, and the International Xenotransplantation Association published consensus documents, a.o., addressing preclinical efficacy requirements before entering clinical trials. This manuscript presents an overview of the regulatory framework, with special focus on cell therapy products necause these are expected to reach the market first (i.e., pancreatic islets, hepatocytes and cellularized cornea); major illustrations are from the European situation. Albeit being complex, the regulation of xenotransplant products does not form a block in product development, but rather supports the introduction of efficacious and safe products to meet the medical need.
Apple juice concentrate maintains acetylcholine levels following dietary compromise (2006)

Oxidative stress contributes to age-related cognitive decline. In some instances, consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant can provide superior protection than supplementation with purified antioxidants. Our prior studies have shown that supplementation with apple juice concentrate (AJC) alleviates oxidative damage and cognitive decline in adult (9-12 months) mice lacking ApoE (as a model of increased oxidative stress) and in normal aged (2-2.5 years) mice when challenged with a vitamin-deficient, oxidative stress-promoting diet. Here, we demonstrate that AJC, administered in drinking water, maintains acetylcholine levels that otherwise decline when adult and aged mice are maintained on the above deficient diet. Normal mice aged either 9-10 months or 2-2.5 years and ApoE-/- mice aged 9-10 months were maintained for 1 month on a complete diet or a diet lacking folate and vitamin E and containing iron as a pro-oxidant, and additional groups received 0.5% AJC ad libitum in drinking water. Spectrophotometric assay of acetylcholine levels revealed a significant decline in homogenates of combined frontal cortex and hippocampus for all mice maintained on the deficient diet, and a prevention of this decline in mice maintained on the deficient diet when supplemented with AJC. These findings provide a likely mechanism by which consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as apples can prevent the decline in cognitive performance that accompanies dietary and genetic deficiencies and aging.
Industrial Applications of Reactive Distillation: Recent Trends (2004)

Last few years have seen a dramatic rise in the number of applications of reactive distillation (RD). This useful technology is now being applied for any scale of operation- from manufacture of fine chemicals to that of bulk chemicals. This article reviews the very recent applications and serves as a supplement for the exhaustive review on this subject by Sharma and Mahajani (2003). It not only furnishes the information on the ongoing research in the existing applications but also elaborates the newly discovered applications such as manufacture of phenol, linear alkyl benzene, carbonates, chlorosilane derivatives and chiral chemicals. Multiple reactions in RD, failure of RD in some cases and new RD configurations to increase the overall yields are some of the additional aspects being covered.
Chinese hamster genome database: An online resource for the CHO community at www.CHOgenome.org (2011)

The Chinese hamster genome database (http://www.chogenome.org/) is an online resource for the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell communities. CHO cells are important for biomedical research and are widely used in industry for the production of biopharmaceuticals. The genome of the CHO-K1 cell line was recently sequenced and the CHO community has developed an online resource to facilitate accessibility of the genomic data and the development of genomic tools.
Frizzled-9+ Supporting Cells Are Progenitors for the Generation of Hair Cells in the Postnatal Mouse Cochlea (2019)

Lgr5+ cochlear supporting cells (SCs) have been reported to be hair cell (HC) progenitor cells that have the ability to regenerate HCs in the neonatal mouse cochlea, and these cells are regulated by Wnt signaling. Frizzled-9 (Fzd9), one of the Wnt receptors, has been reported to be used to mark neuronal stem cells in the brain together with other markers and mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta and bone marrow. Here we used Fzd9-CreER mice to lineage label and trace Fzd9+ cells in the postnatal cochlea in order to investigate the progenitor characteristic of Fzd9+ cells. Lineage labeling showed that inner phalangeal cells (IPhCs), inner border cells (IBCs), and third-row Deiters' cells (DCs) were Fzd9+ cells, but not inner pillar cells (IPCs) or greater epithelial ridge (GER) cells at postnatal day (P)3, which suggests that Fzd9+ cells are a much smaller cell population than Lgr5+ progenitors. The expression of Fzd9 progressively decreased and was too low to allow lineage tracing after P14. Lineage tracing for 6 days <i>in vivo</i> showed that Fzd9+ cells could also generate similar numbers of new HCs compared to Lgr5+ progenitors. A sphere-forming assay showed that Fzd9+ cells could form spheres after sorting by flow cytometry, and when we compared the isolated Fzd9+ cells and Lgr5+ progenitors there were no significant differences in sphere number or sphere diameter. In a differentiation assay, the same number of Fzd9+ cells could produce similar amounts of Myo7a+ cells compared to Lgr5+ progenitors after 10 days of differentiation. All these data suggest that the Fzd9+ cells have a similar capacity for proliferation, differentiation, and HC generation as Lgr5+ progenitors and that Fzd9 can be used as a more restricted marker of HC progenitors.
CONGA (2014)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of CONGA, a network-based distributed congestion-aware load balancing mechanism for datacenters. CONGA exploits recent trends including the use of regular Clos topologies and overlays for network virtualization. It splits TCP flows into flowlets, estimates real-time congestion on fabric paths, and allocates flowlets to paths based on feedback from remote switches. This enables CONGA to efficiently balance load and seamlessly handle asymmetry, without requiring any TCP modifications. CONGA has been implemented in custom ASICs as part of a new datacenter fabric. In testbed experiments, CONGA has 5x better flow completion times than ECMP even with a single link failure and achieves 2-8x better throughput than MPTCP in Incast scenarios. Further, the Price of Anarchy for CONGA is provably small in Leaf-Spine topologies; hence CONGA is nearly as effective as a centralized scheduler while being able to react to congestion in microseconds. Our main thesis is that datacenter fabric load balancing is best done in the network, and requires global schemes such as CONGA to handle asymmetry.
Encapsulation of the Ethylene Inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene by Cucurbit[6]uril (2011)

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an excellent safe and commercially available ethylene antagonist for the preservation of horticultural products. However 1-MCP has to be stored in absorbents due to its gaseous and unstable characteristics. In this paper cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) was used as the absorbent to encapsulate 1-MCP, and the resultant inclusion complex was characterized by IR, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and fluorescent spectra. The effects of encapsulation conditions on the formation of inclusion complex were also investigated. The amount of 1-MCP encapsulated by CB[6] was about 4.5% by weight when the initial concentration of 1-MCP, encapsulation temperature, CB[6] concentration, and encapsulation time were set at 75 mL/L, 20 °C, 30 mM, and 8 h, respectively. Furthermore, the release of 1-MCP from the complex can be realized with different solutions such as sodium bicarbonate, benzoic acid, and distilled water. CB[6] can be used as an excellent absorbent for encapsulation of 1-MCP.
Open reading frame vpr of simian immunodeficiency virus encodes a virion-associated protein (1990)

The genomes of simian immunodeficiency viruses isolated from rhesus macaques (SIVmac) contain an open reading frame (ORF), vpr, which has a coding potential of 97 to 101 amino acid residues. In this study, a vpr ORF-encoded protein of approximately 11 kDa was identified, and anti-vpr antibodies were detected in rhesus macaques infected by SIVmac. These results provide clear evidence that the vpr ORF is a coding gene of SIVmac. The vpr protein, like the vpx protein which is encoded by another accessory gene of SIVmac, was also found to be associated with viral particles. This observation demonstrates that more than one accessory gene product can be present in the virions of this family of retroviruses and raises the possibility that the vpr protein may have a role in early part of the virus life cycle.
NMR evidence for a conformational adaptation of apolipophorin III upon lipid association (1998)

A characteristic property of amphipathic exchangeable apolipoproteins is an ability to exist alternately in lipid-free and lipid-bound states. In the present study, we have used 1 H- 15 N-heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy to probe structural changes of apolipophorin III upon lipid association, by monitoring alterations of the chemical shifts of specific amino acids as a function of lipid titration. 15 N-valine-, 15 N-leucine-, 15 N-lysine-, and 15 N-glycine-labeled apolipophorin III were used in titration experiments with the micelle-forming lipid dodecylphosphocholine. In the absence of lipid, valine and leucine residues are located in the hydrophobic interior of the apolipophorin III helix bundle and their resonances resist chemical shift changes below the critical micelle concentration of dodecylphosphocholine. At the critical micelle concentration, however, dramatic and abrupt chemical shift changes occur, apparently coincident with formation of a protein-lipid micelle complex, as judged by significant line-width broadening of the crosspeaks. By contrast, apolipophorin III lysine and glycine residues are located on the hydrophilic surfaces of amphipathic alpha-helices or in loop regions, exposed to solvent. Their crosspeaks display either a chemical shift change similar to that seen for hydrophobic residues or a more gradual chemical shift change, beginning at very low dodecylphosphocholine concentrations. These results indicate that an interaction occurs between specific solvent-exposed lysine residues and dodecylphosphocholine below the critical micelle concentration of this lipid, whereas valine and leucine residues are not accessible to monomeric dodecylphosphocholine. At the critical micelle concentration, however, the availability of a newly formed lipid surface induces apolipophorin III binding, concomitant with conformational opening of the helix bundle, exposing its hydrophobic surfaces for binding to the dodecylphosphocholine micellar surface. Subsequently, hydrophobic residues undergo characteristic spectral changes. Subtle differences in behavior of specific hydrophobic residues, in terms of their response to dodecylphosphocholine titration and relative locations in the helix-bundle conformation, suggest that one end of the molecule may initiate contact with the lipid surface, followed by helix bundle opening.Key words: apolipophorin III, apolipoprotein.
Phenotypic Screening for Pharmaceuticals Using Tissue Constructs (2004)

Compounds can be screened for pharmaceutical activity either by detecting interactions with specified target molecules such as receptors or enzymes (molecular screening) or observing effects on the structure or physiological activities of cells or tissues (phenotypic screening). Screening at the molecular level has been greatly enhanced by fluorescence methods. Especially the combination of confocal detection with measurements of the amplitudes and time courses of fluorescence fluctuations have reduced sample volumes to < microliters and have increased throughputs to >100000 compounds per day. Screening at the molecular level, however, does not provide information about the effects of test compounds on cellular functions. Phenotypic screening, although much slower than molecular screening, does provide information about effects on cell or tissue structure or function and therefore can be used to eliminate at an early stage compounds that are toxic or do not produce the desired cellular response. Tissue constructs reconstituted using cells of specified types and defined extracellular matrix components provide test systems for detecting the effects of test compounds on cellular mechanical functions such as the development of contractile force and on cell and matrix structure and stiffness. For example, constructs based on vascular smooth muscle cells provide information about effects on cellular contractile force that can be used to identify agents that control blood pressure. Tissue constructs that mimic skeletal, smooth and heart muscles and connective tissues have been produced and can be used to study mechanical and structural responses to active compounds.
The "Passion" of Gibson: evaluating a recent interpretation of Christ's suffering and death in light of the New Testament (2005)

Christ's suffering and death in light of the New Testament Christ's suffering and death in light of the New Testament Christian A.
12. Middle Eocene-Late Oligocene Bathyal Benthic Foraminifera (Weddell Sea): Faunal Changes and Implications for Ocean Circulation (1992)

12. Middle Eocene-Late Oligocene Bathyal Benthic Foraminifera (Weddell Sea): Faunal Changes and Implications for Ocean Circulation was published in Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution on page 245.
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 on Counterregulatory Hormone Responses, Cognitive Functions, and Insulin Secretion during Hyperinsulinemic, Stepped Hypoglycemic Clamp Experiments in Healthy Volunteers (2002)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and analogues are being evaluated as a new therapeutic principle for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 suppresses glucagon secretion, which could lead to disturbances of hypoglycemia counterregulation. This has, however, not been tested. Nine healthy volunteers with normal oral glucose tolerance received infusions of regular insulin (1 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)) over 360 min on two occasions in the fasting state. Capillary glucose concentrations were clamped at plateaus of 4.3, 3.7, 3.0, and 2.3 mmol/liter for 90 min each (stepwise hypoglycemic clamp); on one occasion, GLP-1 (1.2 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was administered i.v. (steady-state concentration, approximately 125 pmol/liter); on the other occasion, NaCl was administered as placebo. Glucagon, cortisol, GH (immunoassays), and catecholamines (radioenzymatic assay) were determined, autonomous and neuroglucopenic symptoms were assessed, and cognitive function was tested at each plateau. Insulin secretion rates were estimated by deconvolution (two-compartment model of C-peptide kinetics). At insulin concentrations of approximately 45 mU/liter, glucose infusion rates were similar with and without GLP-1 (P = 0.26). Only during the euglycemic plateau (4.3 mmol/liter), GLP-1 suppressed glucagon concentrations (4.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.7 pmol/liter; P = 0.012); at all hypoglycemic plateaus, glucagon increased similarly with GLP-1 or placebo, to maximum values greater than 20 pmol/liter (P = 0.97). The other counterregulatory hormones and autonomic or neuroglucopenic symptom scores increased, and cognitive functions decreased with decreasing glucose concentrations, but there were no significant differences comparing experiments with GLP-1 or placebo, except for a significant reduction of GH responses during hypoglycemia with GLP-1 (P = 0.04). GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion only at plasma glucose concentrations of at least 4.3 mmol/liter. In conclusion, the suppression of glucagon by GLP-1 does occur at euglycemia, but not at hypoglycemic plasma glucose concentrations (< or = 3.7 mmol/liter). GLP-1 does not impair overall hypoglycemia counterregulation except for a reduction in GH responses, which is in line with other findings demonstrating pituitary actions of GLP-1. Below plasma glucose concentrations of 4.3 mmol/liter, the insulinotropic action of GLP-1 is negligible.
An urban outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Natal, Brazil (1994)

The epidemiological pattern of visceral leishmaniasis in north-eastern Brazil is changing. The disease was typically seen in rural, endemic areas, but is now occurring as an epidemic in the city of Natal where 316 cases have been reported since 1989; 49% were in children less than 5 years of age. The principle clinical and laboratory findings were weight loss, fever, hepato-splenomegaly, anaemia, leucopenia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Elevated transaminases and hyperbilirubinaemia were also observed. The diagnosis was confirmed in 87% of cases by identifying amastigotes in aspirates from bone marrow or spleen. Five isolates were identified as Leishmania (L.) chagasi by isoenzyme analysis. The mortality rate was 9%; all deaths occurred during the first week in hospital. One person had concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection. Among 210 household contacts and neighbours of patients from the endemic area examined for evidence of L. (L.) chagasi infection, 6 additional cases of visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. Thirty-eight percent of house-mates and neighbours gave a positive Montenegro skin test reaction, indicating prior subclinical infection.
Advanced Maillard reaction end products are associated with Alzheimer disease pathology. (1994)

During aging long-lived proteins accumulate specific post-translational modifications. One family of modifications, termed Maillard reaction products, are initiated by the condensation between amino groups of proteins and reducing sugars. Protein modification by the Maillard reaction is associated with crosslink formation, decreased protein solubility, and increased protease resistance. Here, we present evidence that the characteristic pathological structures associated with Alzheimer disease contain modifications typical of advanced Maillard reaction end products. Specifically, antibodies against two Maillard end products, pyrraline and pentosidine, immunocytochemically label neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease. In contrast, little or no staining is observed in apparently healthy neurons of the same brain. The Maillard-reaction-related modifications described herein could account for the biochemical and insolubility properties of the lesions of Alzheimer disease through the formation of protein crosslinks.
ECC: Edge Cloud Composites (2014)

With an ever increasing number of networked devices used in mobile settings, or residing in homes, offices, and elsewhere, there is a plethora of potential computational infrastructure available for providing end users with new functionality and improved experiences for their interactions with the cyber physical world. The goal of our research is to permit end user applications to take advantage of dynamically available, local and remote computational infrastructure, without requiring applications to be explicitly rewritten and/or reconfigured for each scenario and with minimal end user intervention. Edge Cloud Composites (ECC) make possible the dynamic creation of virtual computational platforms that (i) can be composed from specific capabilities - competences - of participating devices, (ii) are guided by end user-centric abstractions capturing current user context and user intent, and (iii) use dynamic methods for device discovery and ECC maintenance. In contrast to datacenter clouds, ECC participants can include both virtualized and non-virtualized devices, and in addition, services running remotely, made possible by ECC's CIC abstractions, where C(ompetence) captures the functional capabilities of accessible devices and/or remote services, (I)ntent articulates end user desires, and (C)ontext describing the current operating environment. Concrete examples prototyped in this work include Android applications for distributed video playback, collaborative UI, and a distributed augmented reality application. For all such applications, an ECC composed from available devices, and guided by ECC's CIC notions, obtains up to 86% performance improvements and reductions in energy consumption of up to 37% compared to running on a single device. A resultant advantage in using ECCs to run applications is the ability to avoid the unpredictable latency variations seen in device-remote cloud interactions.