gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of formal exposure to developmental care principles on the implementation of developmental care positioning and handling of preterm infants by neonatal nurses : research (2005)

Die vroeggebore baba benodig ontwikkelingsorg wat ontwerp is om die stres wat die baba in die neonataleintensiewesorgeenheid 
ervaar, te minimaliseer. Die doel van die studie was om die effek van formele blootstelling 
aan ontwikkelingsorgbeginsels op die implementering van ontwikkelingsorgposisionering en -hantering van die 
vroeggebore baba deur neonatale verpleegkundiges te bepaal. Die eerste doelwit van die studie was om 'n akkurate 
metingskaal daar te stel vir die meting van die implementering van hierdie beginsels ten opsigte van die hantering 
en posisionering van die baba. Die tweede doelwit was om die veranderinge in die implementering van 
ontwikkelingsorgbeginsels binne 'n geselekteerde neonatalesorgeenheid te bepaal nadat neonatale verpleegkundiges 
formeel aan ontwikkelingsorgopleiding blootgestel is. 'n Kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp en 'n een-groep pretoetsposttoetsbenadering 
is gevolg, en die Wicoxon vergelykbare toetse van betekende range is gebruik om die 
veranderinge te meet. Die resultate was statisties beduidend en het verbetering aangedui ten opsigte van die 
komponente van ontwikkelingsorg wat gemeet is. Die aanbeveling was dat ontwikkelingsorgbeginsels geintegreer 
word in formele neonatale kursusse. Opvolgstudies moet gedoen word om die betroubaarheid van die instrument vir moontlike insluiting in roetine-assessering van die kwaliteit van die implementering van ontwikkelingsorg in die 
neonatalesorgeenheid te bepaal. End
The preterm infant requires developmental care that is designed to minimise the stress that the infant experiences 
within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of formal exposure 
to developmental care principles on the implementation of developmental care positioning and handling of the 
preterm infant by neonatal nurses. The first objective of the study was to compile an accurate scale for measuring 
the implementation of these principles with respect to the handling and positioning of the infant. Secondly, the study 
aimed at determining changes in the implementation of developmental care principles within a selected NICU after 
neonatal nurses were formally exposed to developmental care training. A quasi-experimental research design and a 
one-group pre-test-post-test approach were followed, and the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank tests were used to 
examine the changes. Results were statistically significant and indicated improvement with respect to the developmental 
care components that were measured. The recommendation was that developmental care principles be 
integrated into formal neonatal courses. Follow-up studies should be conducted to determine the reliability of the 
instrument for possible inclusion in routine assessment of the quality of the implementation of developmental care 
in the NICU. 
End
Sympathoneural and adrenomedullary functional effects of ??2C-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism in healthy humans (2005)

In healthy people, alpha2CDel322-325 polymorphism is associated with increased sympathetic nervous and adrenomedullary hormonal activities, both during supine rest and during pharmacologically evoked catecholamine release. Polymorphisms of the alpha2C-adrenoreceptor may help explain individual differences in predisposition to a variety of disorders of catecholaminergic function, such as cardiovascular disorders, depression or anxiety disorders.
Completion of the nucleotide sequence of the central region of Tn5confirms the presence of three resistance genes (1985)

The DNA sequence of the region located downstream from the kanamycin resistance gene of Tn5 up to the right inverted repeat IS50R has been determined. This completes the determination of the sequence of Tn5 which is 5818 bp long. The 2.7 Kb central region contains three resistance genes: the kanamycin-neomycin resistance gene, a gene coding for resistance to CL990 an antimitotic-antibiotic compound of the bleomycin family and a third gene that confers streptomycin resistance in some bacterial species but is cryptic in E. coli. A Tn5* mutant able to express streptomycin resistance in E. coli was isolated. With this mutant, it was demonstrated that in E. coli the expression of the three resistance genes is coordinated in a single operon.
Overexpression of activin A in stage IV colorectal cancer (2001)

Our findings indicate that activin A is overexpressed in human colorectal tumours, especially in stage IV disease, raising the possibility that activin A may have a role in advanced colorectal cancer.
Molecular pathology of differentiated thyroid cancer. (2009)

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy; it accounts for approximately 1% of all new case of cancer each year, and its incidence has increased significantly over the last few decades. The majority of thyroid tumors originate from follicular epithelial cells. Among them, papillary (PTC) and follicular carcinomas (FTC) represent the most common forms of differentiated thyroid cancer and account for approximately 80% and 15% of all cases, respectively. Specific genetic lesions are associated to each thyroid tumor histotype: BRAF mutations and RET/PTC and TRK oncogenes have been detected in PTC, whereas FTC is characterized by PAX8/PPARgamma rearrangements and RAS mutations. In this review we summarize studies on the molecular biology of the differentiated thyroid tumors, with particular interest in the associated genetic lesions and their role in thyroid carcinogenesis. We also report recent findings on gene expression and miRNA profiles of PTC and FTC.
Isoabzymes: Structurally and mechanistically similar catalytic antibodies from the same immunization (1993)

Mechanistic and structural comparisons of five catalytic monoclonal antibodies generated from the same hybridoma fusion indicated that all five hydrolyze phenyl acetate by subtle variations of the same mechanism. All of the antibodies showed a pre-steady-state multi-turnover burst in which kcat and Km declined but kcat/Km did not change. The burst of one of the antibodies, 20G9, has previously been found to result from inhibition by the product, phenol. Although all of the antibodies showed the burst, their individual values for kcat, Km, and hapten Ki differed substantially. Three of the antibodies that were investigated for the effect of pH on kcat showed an acid limb pK of 9.5-9.6. Substrate inhibition was seen in four of the five antibodies. Variable region nucleotide sequencing of the heavy and light chains confirmed that all five antibodies were structurally similar and also revealed several potentially critical tyrosines. Despite their structural similarities, analysis of their sequences suggested that the antibodies are products of distinct, independent rearrangements of immunoglobulin gene segments that took place in different progenitor B cells. A plot of Ki for hapten inhibition vs Km/kcat for substrate hydrolysis for the mechanistically related antibodies ("isoabzymes") gave a linear relationship suggesting a catalytic role for transition-state complementarity. Taken together with previous work [Martin et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9757-9761], the data conform to a mechanism in which the antibodies exploit both transition-state complementarity and an acyl-tyrosyl intermediate during phenyl acetate hydrolysis.
Cyclic Commit Protocol Specifications (2008)

A novel cyclic commit protocol uses extra metadata fields to implement transactional semantics without needing an explicit commit record. We describe and present spec-ifications of two versions of cyclic commit: Simple Cyclic Commit (SCC) and Back-Pointer Cyclic Commit (BPCC). The specifications are written in TLA+ and checked with the TLC model checker. 1
IκB-ζ Expression Requires Both TYK2/STAT3 Activity and IL-17–Regulated mRNA Stabilization (2019)

Cytokine IL-17A (IL-17) acts on various cell types, including epidermal keratinocytes, and induces antimicrobial peptide and chemokine production to elicit antibacterial and antifungal defense responses. Excess IL-17 leads to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. The IκB family protein IκB-ζ mediates IL-17-induced responses. However, the mechanism controlling IκB-ζ expression in IL-17-stimulated cells remains elusive. In this study, we showed that JAK kinase TYK2 positively regulates IL-17-induced IκB-ζ expression. TYK2-deficient mice showed reduced inflammation and concomitant reduction of IκB-ζ mRNA compared with wild-type mice in imiquimod-induced skin inflammation. The analysis of the IκB-ζ promoter activity using human cell lines (HaCaT and HeLa) revealed that catalytic activity of TYK2 and its substrate transcription factor STAT3, but not IL-17, is required for IκB-ζ promoter activity. In contrast, IL-17-induced signaling, which did not activate STAT3, posttranscriptionally stabilized IκB-ζ mRNA via its 3'-untranslated region. IL-17 signaling protein ACT1 was required to counteract constitutive IκB-ζ mRNA degradation by RNase Regnase-1. These results suggested that transcriptional activation by TYK2-STAT3 pathway and mRNA stabilization by IL-17-mediated signals act separately from each other but complementarily to achieve IκB-ζ induction. Therefore, JAK/TYK2 inhibition might be of significance in regulation of IL-17-induced inflammatory reactions.
The Relation between Calcium Sequestering Capacity and Oxidation Degree of Dicarboxy‐Starch and Dicarboxy‐Inulin (1994)

Abstract The objective of this study was to establish the relation between the calcium sequestering capacity (SC) of dicarboxy‐starch and that of dicarboxy‐inulin, and the oxidation degree of these products. An S‐type curve is obtained when plotting the SC of oxidized starch versus the degree of oxidation. By contrast the sequestering capacity of dicarboxy‐inulin increases linearly with the degree of oxidation. The difference in behaviour of these materials can be attributed to the fact that upon starch oxidation the favourable oxydiacetate structure is obtained only after substantial conversion, whereas in inulin this structure is obtained immediately and is present in each oxidized fructose unit.
Multiplication of Shigella flexneri within HeLa cells: lysis of the phagocytic vacuole and plasmid-mediated contact hemolysis (1986)

Virulent strains of Shigella flexneri invade HeLa cells with high efficiency. This crucial step in the pathogenic process is encoded by a 140-megadalton plasmid which induces phagocytosis of the bacteria by host cells. In this report we used pWR100, the virulence plasmid of S. flexneri serotype 5, and pHS4108, a 32-megadalton subclone of pWR100, to demonstrate that the plasmid is also responsible for rapid intracellular growth of the bacteria. The ability to replicate intracellularly was not correlated with induction of Shiga toxin. However, plasmid-mediated intracellular multiplication was strongly correlated with the ability of the bacteria to rapidly and efficiently lyse the phagocytic vacuole and replicate freely in the cytoplasm. Temperature-regulated plasmid-mediated contact hemolytic activity strongly correlated with both phagosomal membrane lysis and efficient intracellular multiplication. We propose this virulence plasmid-associated hemolysin to be an important factor in the invasion and proliferation of Shigella spp. in mammalian cells.
Isolation of prolyl-tRNA synthetase as a free form and as a form associated with glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. (1992)

Rat liver prolyl-tRNA synthetase was purified as a dimer of M(r) 60,000 subunits not associated with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and as a form associated with glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Proteolysis of the dimeric enzyme generated a less active form with M(r) 52,000 subunits and an inactive form with M(r) 40,000 subunits. A second species was isolated with polypeptides of M(r) 60,000 and 150,000. This form dissociated during gel filtration chromatography being partially resolved into the M(r) 150,000 and 60,000 components; glutamyl-tRNA synthetase was associated with the larger polypeptide and prolyl-tRNA synthetase with the smaller component. Antibodies against the M(r) 60,000 polypeptide reacted with the M(r) 60,000 and 150,000 polypeptides. Gel filtration of extracts revealed multiple forms of prolyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Antibody against the M(r) 60,000 component detected the M(r) 60,000 and 150,000 polypeptides throughout the chromatogram; these forms could be partially separated by polyethylene glycol fractionation. The M(r) 150,000 and 60,000 polypeptides were detected by Western blot analysis of crude extracts prepared under several conditions. Antibody to prolyl-tRNA synthetase reacted with a M(r) 150,000 polypeptide of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase core complex identified previously as glutamyl-tRNA synthetase.
Retargeting NK-92 cells by means of CD19- and CD20-specific chimeric antigen receptors compares favorably with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2013)

Multiple natural killer (NK) cell-based anticancer therapies are currently under development. Here, we compare the efficiency of genetically modified NK-92 cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) at killing NK cell-resistant B-lymphoid leukemia cells to the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of NK-92 cells expressing a high affinity variant of the IgG Fc receptor (FcγRIII). First, we compared in vitro the abilities of NK-92 cells expressing CD20-targeting CARs to kill primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells derived from 9 patients with active, untreated disease to the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells expressing FcγRIII combined with either of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) rituximab or ofatumumab. We found that CAR-expressing NK-92 cells effectively kill NK cell-resistant primary CLL cells and that such a cytotoxic response is significantly stronger than that resulting from ADCC. For studying CAR-expressing NK cell-based immunotherapy in vivo, we established xenograft mouse models of residual leukemia using the human BCR-ABL1<sup>+</sup> cell lines SUP-B15 (CD19<sup>+</sup>CD20<sup>-</sup>) and TMD-5 (CD19<sup>+</sup>CD20<sup>+</sup>), two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines that are resistant to parental NK-92 cells. Intravenous injection of NK-92 cells expressing CD19-targeting CARs eliminated SUP-B15 cells, whereas they had no such effect on TMD-5 cells. However, the intrafemoral injection of NK-92 cells expressing CD19-targeting CAR resulted in the depletion of TMD-5 cells from the bone marrow environment. Comparative studies in which NK-92 cells expressing either CD19- or CD20-targeting CARs were directly injected into subcutaneous CD19<sup>+</sup>CD20<sup>+</sup> Daudi lymphoma xenografts revealed that CD20-targeting CAR is superior to its CD19-specific counterpart in controlling local tumor growth. In summary, we show here that CAR-expressing NK-92 cells can be functionally superior to ADCC (as mediated by anti-CD20 mAbs) in the elimination of primary CLL cells. Moreover, we provide data demonstrating that the systemic administration of CAR-expressing NK-92 cells can control lymphoblastic leukemia in immunocompromised mice. Our results also suggest that the direct injection of CAR-expressing NK-92 cells to neoplastic lesions could be an effective treatment modality against lymphoma.
Pretreatment or Resuscitation with a Lipid Infusion Shifts the Dose-Response to Bupivacaine-induced Asystole in Rats (1998)

Lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Partitioning of bupivacaine into the newly created lipid phase may partially explain this effect. These results suggest a potential application for lipid infusion in treating cardiotoxicity resulting from bupivacaine.
Dodecaborane‐Based Dopants Designed to Shield Anion Electrostatics Lead to Increased Carrier Mobility in a Doped Conjugated Polymer (2019)

One of the most effective ways to tune the electronic properties of conjugated polymers is to dope them with small-molecule oxidizing agents, creating holes on the polymer and molecular anions. Undesirably, strong electrostatic attraction from the anions of most dopants localizes the holes created on the polymer, reducing their mobility. Here, a new strategy utilizing a substituted boron cluster as a molecular dopant for conjugated polymers is employed. By designing the cluster to have a high redox potential and steric protection of the core-localized electron density, highly delocalized polarons with mobilities equivalent to films doped with no anions present are obtained. AC Hall effect measurements show that P3HT films doped with these boron clusters have conductivities and polaron mobilities roughly an order of magnitude higher than films doped with F<sub>4</sub> TCNQ, even though the boron-cluster-doped films have poor crystallinity. Moreover, the number of free carriers approximately matches the number of boron clusters, yielding a doping efficiency of ≈100%. These results suggest that shielding the polaron from the anion is a critically important aspect for producing high carrier mobility, and that the high polymer crystallinity required with dopants such as F<sub>4</sub> TCNQ is primarily to keep the counterions far from the polymer backbone.
Wireless Magnetoelastic Resonance Sensors: A Critical Review (2002)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of magnetoelastic environmental sensor technology; topics include operating physics, sensor design, and illustrative applications. Magnetoelastic sensors are made of amorphous metallic glass ribbons or wires, with a characteristic resonant frequency inversely proportional to length. The remotely detected resonant frequency of a magnetoelastic sensor shifts in response to different physical parameters including stress, pressure, temperature, flow velocity, liquid viscosity, magnetic field, and mass loading. Coating the magnetoelastic sensor with a mass changing, chemically responsive layer enables realization of chemical sensors. Magnetoelastic sensors can be remotely interrogated by magnetic, acoustic, or optical means. The sensors can be characterized in the time domain, where the resonant frequency is determined through analysis of the sensor transient response, or in the frequency domain where the resonant frequency is determined from the frequency-amplitude spectrum of the sensor.
Noninvasive functional optical spectroscopy of human breast tissue (2001)

Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healthy and diseased tissue. In this study, we examine whether changes in breast physiology caused by exogenous hormones, aging, and fluctuations during the menstrual cycle result in significant alterations in breast tissue optical contrast. A noninvasive quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy technique, frequency-domain photon migration, was used. Measurements were performed on 14 volunteer subjects by using a hand-held probe. Intrinsic tissue absorption and reduced scattering parameters were calculated from frequency-domain photon migration data. Wavelength-dependent absorption (at 674, 803, 849, and 956 nm) was used to determine tissue concentration of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and bulk water content. Results show significant and dramatic differences in optical properties between menopausal states. Average premenopausal intrinsic tissue absorption and reduced scattering values at each wavelength are 2.5- to 3-fold higher and 16-28 % greater, respectively, than absorption and scattering for postmenopausal subjects. Absorption and scattering properties for women using hormone replacement therapy are intermediate between premenopausal and postmenopausal populations. Physiological properties show differences in mean total hemoglobin (7.0 microM, 11.8 microM, and 19.2 microM) and water concentration relative to pure water (10.9 %, 15.3 %, and 27.3 %) for postmenopausal, hormone replacement therapy, and premenopausal subjects, respectively. Because of their unique, quantitative information content, diffuse optical methods may play an important role in breast diagnostics and improving our understanding of breast disease.
Development and Application of the Collaborative Optimization Architecture in a Multidisciplinary Design Environment (1995)

Collaborative optimization is a design architecture applicable in any multidisciplinary analysis environment but specifically intended for large-scale distributed analysis applications. In this approach, a complex problem is hierarchically de- composed along disciplinary boundaries into a number of subproblems which are brought into multidisciplinary agreement by a system-level coordination process. When applied to problems in a multidisciplinary design environment, this scheme has several advantages over traditional solution strategies. These advantageous features include reducing the amount of information transferred between disciplines, the removal of large iteration-loops, allowing the use of different subspace optimizers among the various analysis groups, an analysis framework which is easily parallelized and can operate on heterogenous equipment, and a structural framework that is well-suited for conventional disciplinary organizations. In this article, the collaborative architecture is developed and its mathematical foundation is presented. An example application is also presented which highlights the potential of this method for use in large-scale design applications.
Surface-Launched Acoustic Wave Sensors: Chemical Sensing and Thin-Film Characterization (1997)

Acoustic Waves in Solids and Device Structure. Theory of Acoustic Wave Sensor Response. SAW Device Operation and Measurement. Sensor Coatings and Sample Generation. Applications of Acoustic Wave Sensors in Analytical Chemistry. Appendix. Index.