gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Gold Nanocages as a New Class of Tracers for Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping on a Rat Model (2008)

This work demonstrated the use of Au nanocages as a new class of lymph node tracers for noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) imaging of a sentinel lymph node (SLN). Current SLN mapping methods based on blue dye and/or nanometer-sized radioactive colloid injection are intraoperative due to the need for visual detection of the blue dye and low spatial resolution of Geiger counters in detecting radioactive colloids. Compared to the current methods, PA mapping based on Au nanocages shows a number of attractive features: noninvasiveness, strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region (for deep penetration), and the accumulation of Au nanocages with a higher concentration than the initial solution for the injection. In an animal model, these features allowed us to identify SLNs containing Au nanocages as deep as 33 mm below the skin surface with good contrast. Most importantly, compared to methylene blue Au nanocages can be easily bioconjugated with antibodies for targeting specific receptors, potentially eliminating the need for invasive axillary staging procedures in addition to providing noninvasive SLN mapping.
Wide band spectroscopic skin detection for contactless hand biometrics (2012)

Spoofing is a real concern with regard to the security of biometric systems, especially in personal identification systems based on contactless hand biometrics which can be easily fooled with a simple hand picture. This study proposes a new approach to increase the security of contactless biometric devices using a skin detector based on reflectance spectroscopy in visual, near infrared and short wave infrared bands. The proposal is evaluated with a set of genuine and synthetic hands made from different potentially spoofing materials.
Cytokine activation sensitizes human monocytic and endothelial cells to the cytotoxic effects of an anti-CD40 immunotoxin (1996)

G28-5 sFv-PE40 is a single-chain immunotoxin that is cytotoxic toward malignant B cells expressing CD40. Human monocytes, which also express cell surface CD40, were found to be insensitive to the immunotoxin. Activation of the monocytic cell line THP-1, or freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes with IFN-gamma, but not IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-6, or TNF-alpha, greatly sensitized the cells toward G28-5 sFv-PE40, lowering the EC50 value from > 10 micrograms/ml to 80 ng/ml. This sensitization could not be explained simply by the two- to threefold increase in cell surface CD40 expression induced by IFN-gamma since TNF-alpha or the combination of TNF-alpha and IL-6 gave similar increases in CD40 expression but did not sensitize the cells to the immunotoxin. Internalization of G28-5 sFv-PE40 after IFN-gamma activation was also increased threefold, reflective of the increase in CD40 expression. IFN-gamma-treated but not -untreated THP-1 cells produced IL-6 and TNF-alpha following incubation with G28-5 sFv-PE40, indicating an association between CD40 signaling, which induces cytokine production, and sensitivity to the immunotoxin. HUVECs also express CD40 but were found to be insensitive to the anti-CD40 immunotoxin. A combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but neither cytokine alone, sensitized the endothelial cells to G28-5 sFv-PE40. These data show that activation with cytokines can sensitize monocytes and endothelial cells to an immunotoxin targeted to CD40, most likely by altering the trafficking and/or processing of the immunotoxin after receptor-mediated internalization.
Identification of a Ligand-binding Site on the Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor by Molecular Modeling and Mutagenesis (1997)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) initiates its effects on cells of the neutrophil lineage by inducing formation of a homodimeric receptor complex. The structure of the G-CSF receptor has not yet been determined, therefore we used molecular modeling to identify regions of the receptor that were likely to be involved in ligand binding. The G-CSF receptor sequence was aligned with all the available sequences of the gp130 and growth hormone receptor families and a model of the cytokine receptor homologous domain was constructed, based on the growth hormone receptor structure. Alanine substitution mutagenesis was performed on loops and individual residues that were predicted to bind ligand. Mutant receptors were expressed in factor-dependent Ba/F3 cells and assessed for proliferation response and ligand binding. Six residues were identified that significantly reduced receptor function, with Arg288 in the F'-G' loop having the greatest effect. These residues formed a binding face on the receptor model resembling the growth hormone receptor site, which suggests that the model is reasonable. However, electrostatic analysis of the model provided further evidence that the mechanism of receptor dimerization is different from that of the growth hormone receptor.
Small peptide inhibitors of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (CD184) antagonize the activation, migration, and antiapoptotic responses of CXCL12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells (2005)

Growth and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are favored by interactions between CLL and nontumoral accessory cells. CLL cells express CXCR4 chemokine receptors that direct leukemia cell chemotaxis. Marrow stromal cells or nurselike cells constitutively secrete CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4, thereby attracting and rescuing CLL B cells from apoptosis in a contact-dependent fashion. Therefore, the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in CLL. We evaluated the most active CXCR4-specific antagonists (T140, TC14012, TN14003) for their capacity to inhibit CXCL12 responses in CLL cells. T140, or its analogs, inhibited actin polymerization, chemotaxis, and migration of CLL cells beneath stromal cells. CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was abolished by CXCR4 antagonists. TC14012 and TN14003 antagonized the antiapoptotic effect of synthetic CXCL12 and stromal cell-mediated protection of CLL cells from spontaneous apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that stromal cells protected CLL cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Treatment with CXCR4 antagonists resensitized CLL cells cultured with stromal cells to fludarabine-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that CXCR4 blocking agents effectively antagonize CXCL12-induced migratory and signaling responses and stromal protection of CLL cells from spontaneous or fludarabine-induced apoptosis. As such, small molecular CXCR4 antagonists may have activity in the treatment of patients with this disease.
A 427 mW, 20% compact W-band InP HEMT MMIC power amplifier (2003)

Presented is the development of a 2-stage 427 mW (26.3 dBm), 19% PAE compact W-band InP monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier with an associated power gain of 8.9 dB. 20% PAE with output power of 407 mW (26.1 dBm) was achieved when the amplifier was biased for optimal efficiency. These MMIC amplifiers were fabricated with a 2-mil thick substrate using 0.15-/spl mu/m InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMT technology. InP amplifier, though operates at lower drain voltage, but it delivers compatible power with double the PAE of its GaAs counter-part.
USTAT: a real-time intrusion detection system for UNIX (2002)

The author presents the design and implementation of a real-time intrusion detection tool, called USTAT, a state transition analysis tool for UNIX. This is a UNIX-specific implementation of a generic design developed by A. Porras and R.A. Kemmerer (1992) as STAT, a state transition analysis tool. State transition analysis is a new approach to representing computer penetrations. In STAT, a penetration is identified as a sequence of state changes that take the computer system from some initial state to a target compromised state. The development of the first USTAT prototype, which is for SunOS 4.1.1, is discussed. USTAT makes use of the audit trails that are collected by the C2 basic security module of SunOS, and it keeps track of only those critical actions that must occur for the successful completion of the penetration. This approach differs from other rule-based penetration identification tools that pattern match sequences of audit records.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tetrasodium EDTA as a Novel Central Venous Catheter Lock Solution Against Biofilm (2005)

Antimicrobial lock treatment using 40 mg/mL(-1) of tetrasodium EDTA for at least 21 hours could significantly reduce or potentially eradicate CVC-associated biofilms of clinically relevant microorganisms.
Effect of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on Tooth Movement and Root Resorption: A Prospective Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on tooth movement and root resorption in orthodontic patients. Twenty-one patients were included in a split-mouth study design (group 1). Ten additional patients were included with no LIPUS device being used and this group was used as the negative control group (group 2). Group 1 patients were given LIPUS devices that were randomly assigned to right or left side on upper or lower arches. LIPUS was applied to the assigned side that was obtained by randomization, using transducers that produce ultrasound with a pulse frequency of 1.5 MHz, a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz, and average output intensity of 30 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken before and after treatment. The extraction space dimensions were measured every four weeks and root lengths of canines were measured before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-test. The study outcome showed that the mean rate of tooth movement in LIPUS side was 0.266 ± 0.092 mm/week and on the control side was 0.232 ± 0.085 mm/week and the difference was statistically significant. LIPUS increased the rate of tooth movement by an average of 29%. For orthodontic root resorption, the LIPUS side (0.0092 ± 0.022 mm/week) showed a statistically significant decrease as compared to control side (0.0223 ± 0.022 mm/week). The LIPUS application accelerated tooth movement and minimized orthodontically induced tooth root resorption at the same time.
Sensor Data Fusion in Automotive Applications (2009)

This chapter has summarized the state-of-the-art in sensor data fusion for automotive applications, showing that this is a relatively new discipline in the automotive research area, compared to signal processing, image processing or radar processing. Thus, there is a
Ceramide and Insulin Resistance: How Should the Issue Be Approached? (2012)

There is a growing amount of data indicating that ceramide is involved in the generation of insulin resistance (1–3). However, investigation into the biological function of ceramide is a complex issue. First, there are no ceramide receptors on the plasma membrane. Second, the membrane is impermeable for ceramides containing long-chain fatty acid residues and only such ceramides seem to exist in nature. There are 13 and 12 ceramides containing different long-chain fatty acid residues that have been identified in human and rat skeletal muscle, respectively (4,5). This means that none of them can be used to study a biological role of extracellular ceramide. Therefore, there remain two other options: 1 ) use short-chain (C2 or C6) ceramides, which penetrate the cell membrane or 2 ) manipulate with the level of intracellular ceramide. In the latter case, the activity of selected enzymes of its metabolism may be influenced either by different compounds or by genetic manipulations with the expression of the enzymes. However, there are several pathways of feeding into the ceramide pool in the cell. They are de novo synthesis, hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, catabolism of complex sphingolipids, acylation of sphingosine, and dephosphorylation of ceramide-1-phosphate (Fig. 1). Moreover, most reactions involved in ceramide metabolism are reversible (6,7). Ceramide is on the crossroads of sphingolipid metabolism. However, so far the contributions of different pathways to the ceramide pool have not been quantified in detail. Certainly, the most important source of ceramide for the balance of sphingolipids in the cell is its de novo synthesis. This pathway supplies, through ceramide, all other sphingolipid metabolic pathways (6,7).



FIG. 1. 
The pathways of …
Biosynthesis and Immunogenicity of Glucosylceramide inCryptococcus neoformansand Other Human Pathogens (2007)

Cryptococcus species are encapsulated basidiomycetous yeasts found ubiquitously in the environment, notably in pigeon guano and eucalyptus trees. Two species of this genus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, are human pathogens capable of causing a life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Currently, C. neoformans is divided into the varieties Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D), and C. gattii comprises serotypes B and C (47). Infection occurs primarily during environmental exposure via inhalation of either desiccated yeast or basidiospores. In the alveolar spaces of lungs, the fungus is initially exposed to alveolar macrophages followed by other inflammatory cells, which can lead to a successful adaptive immune response and containment or clearance of the fungal pathogen. However, C. neoformans and C. gattii can survive and proliferate in the human host, leading to dissemination to other organs, most importantly to the central nervous system, where meningoencephalitis can develop, with 100% mortality if untreated.
Soy Protein Concentrate and Isolated Soy Protein Similarly Lower Blood Serum Cholesterol but Differently Affect Thyroid Hormones in Hamsters (1996)

There is a wide variation in the hypocholesterolemic response to ingestion of soy protein in humans. One possible explanation is that the different soy protein preparations used contain different spectra of biologically active components. This could affect a number of indices including thyroid hormone status. An increased level of thyroxine has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein. The objective of this study was to determine if serum cholesterol and thyroid hormone concentrations differed because of feeding soy protein from different sources. Twenty-nine male weanling golden Syrian hamsters were fed rations containing 25 g/100 g protein from either isolated soy protein (ISP), soy protein concentrate (SPC) or casein for 35 d. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were lower in hamsters fed ISP and SPC compared with those fed casein (P < 0.05). No differences in cholesterol concentrations were observed in lipoprotein fractions. Serum thyroxine and free thyroxine were greater only in hamsters fed ISP than in those fed casein (P < 0.05), whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were higher in casein-fed than in SPC-fed hamsters (P < 0.05). Results indicate that protein from ISP and SPC are both effective in lowering blood cholesterol concentrations, whereas only ISP increases thyroxine concentrations. Therefore, it appears unlikely that modulation of thyroid hormone status is responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein.
Level of Detail Models for Dismounted Infantry in NPSNET-IV.8.1. (1995)

(Maximum 200 words) 14. SUBJECT TERMS 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 16. PRICE CODE 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 5. FUNDING NUMBERS i Chrislip, Christopher Allen Ehlert, James Frederick, Jr. September 1995 Master&amp;apos;s Thesis Unclassified Unclassified UL Unclassified LEVEL OF DETAIL MODELS FOR DISMOUNTED INFANTRY IN NPSNET-IV.8.1(U) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000 The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NPSNET-IV.7J has a limited capability to display up to 10 Dismounted Infantry (DI) icons due to the enormous number of rendered polygons and computational load required. In order to provide a more realistic training scenario for the user, NPSNET-IV.8.1 requires the capability to displ...
[Value of (99m)Tc-MIBI/(18)F-FDG-dual-isotope simultaneous acquisition in diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction]. (2010)

(99m)Tc-MIBI/(18)F-FDG DISA can detect myocardial viability and is of value for patients with myocardial infarction to choose appropriate therapeutic strategies. The degree of cardiac improvement after treatment can be evaluated by DISA.
The Cellular Response to Neuregulins Is Governed by Complex Interactions of the erbB Receptor Family (1995)

Deregulated signaling by the four members of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family (erbB family) is implicated in the genesis or progression of human cancers. However, efforts to analyze signaling by these receptors have been hampered by the diversity of ligands and extensive interreceptor cross talk. We have expressed the four human erbB family receptors, singly and in pairwise combinations, in a pro-B-lymphocyte cell line (Ba/F3) and investigated the range of interactions activated by the epidermal growth factor homology domain of the agonist neuregulin beta. The results provide the first comprehensive analysis of the response of this receptor family to a single peptide agonist. This peptide induced complex patterns of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and regulation of Ba/F3 cell survival and proliferation. These data demonstrate the existence of several previously undocumented receptor interactions driven by neuregulin.
Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Field Treatment of 4T1 Breast Tumors Induces T-cell Dependent Inflammatory Response (2018)

Previous work using non-invasive radiofrequency field treatment (RFT) in cancer has demonstrated its therapeutic potential as it can increase intratumoral blood perfusion, localization of intravenously delivered drugs, and promote a hyperthermic intratumoral state. Despite the well-known immunologic benefits that febrile hyperthermia can induce, an investigation of how RFT could modulate the intra-tumoral immune microenvironment had not been studied. Thus, using an established 4T1 breast cancer model in immune competent mice, we demonstrate that RFT induces a transient, localized, and T-cell dependent intratumoral inflammatory response. More specifically we show that multi- and singlet-dose RFT promote an increase in tumor volume in immune competent Balb/c mice, which does not occur in athymic nude models. Further leukocyte subset analysis at 24, 48, and 120 hours after a single RFT show a rapid increase in tumoral trafficking of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells 24 hours post-treatment. Additional serum cytokine analysis reveals an increase in numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with enhanced T-cell trafficking. Overall, these data demonstrate that non-invasive RFT could be an effective immunomodulatory strategy in solid tumors, especially for enhancing the tumoral trafficking of lymphocytes, which is currently a major hindrance of numerous cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in a Low-Risk Population in Hungary (1997)

In this provincial, industrial area, the number of unmarried and divorced gravida in a low economic situation is disproportionately high. For this disadvantaged population, permanent Chlamydia trachomatis screening was suggested. In the other centers, screening of pregnant women for Chlamydia trachomatis and the treatment of positive cases and their partners were suggested for pathological gravida with preterm labor and preterm rupture of the membranes.
Genetic alterations and expression of the protein phosphatase 1 genes in human cancers (2001)

Recent studies have revealed that genetic alterations of the protein phosphatase genes, including PTEN, PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B and PPP1R3, are involved in human carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined the genetic and expression status of nine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) genes in 55 human cancer cell lines, consisting of 10 small cell lung cancers, 22 non-small cell lung cancers, 11 colorectal cancers, 7 gastric cancers and 5 ovarian cancers. The PP1 genes examined were three catalytic subunit genes, PPP1CA, PPP1CB and PPP1CC, and six regulatory subunit genes, PPP1R1A, PPP1R2, PPP1R5, PPP1R6, PPP1R7 and PPP1R8. Three catalytic subunit genes and three regulatory subunit genes, PPP1R2, PPP1R7 and PPP1R8, were ubiquitously expressed in the 55 cell lines, while PPP1R1A, PPP1R5, and PPP1R6 were differentially expressed. Possible missense mutations of the PPP1R5, PPP1R7 and PPP1R8 genes were detected in one (2%), two (4%) and one (2%) cell line, respectively. A rare, non-synonymous polymorphism was also identified in the PPP1R5 gene. Four of the 55 cell lines carried genetic alterations of several protein phosphatase genes, including PTEN, PPP1R3, PPP1R7 and PPP1R8. Ubiquitous expression as well as a lack of genetic diversity of catalytic subunit genes suggested the essential role of these genes for the growth of cancer cells. In contrast, differential expression, somatic mutations and/or genetic polymorphisms of several regulatory subunit genes indicate the involvement of these genes in multistep carcinogenesis.
Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Early Aspirin Use in 20 000 Patients With Acute Ischaemic Stroke (CAST Clinical Trial) (1999)

Objective:To obtain a reliable assessment of the separate effects on mortality and on disability in survivors of AcuteStroke.Methods:The Chinese Acute Stroke Trial(CAST) was a large randomized, placeboontrolled trial of the effects in hospital of aspirin treatment 160 mg per day started with in 48 h of the onset of suspected acute ischaemic stroke and continuedin hospital for up to 4 weeks.Results: There was a significant 14.0 % (s=7.0) proportional reduction in mortality[343(3. 3 % ) deaths among aspiringroup vs 398 (3. 9 % ) deaths among placebo group, p=0. 04]. There were significantly fewer recurrent ischaemic strokes inthe aspirin group than in the placebo group[167 (1. 6 % )vs 215 (2. 1% ),p=0. 01],slightly more haemorrhagic strokes[115(1. 1 %) vs 93(0. 9% ),P＞0. 1].Conclusion:The present study shows that aspirin started early in hospital produces a significant reduction in mortalityand recurrent stroke during the treatment period,with perhaps slightly less likelihood of functional impairment among thosedischarged alive.