gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen-pulsed dendritic cells can efficiently induce an antibody response in vivo. (1992)

The aim of this study was to develop an immunization procedure avoiding external adjuvant. Data are presented showing that syngeneic dendritic cells (DC), which have been pulsed in vitro with antigen, induce a strong antibody response in mice. By contrast, antigen (Ag)-pulsed low-density B cells, although equally able to induce interleukin 2 secretion by an Ag-specific T cell hybridoma in vitro, only weakly prime the mice in vivo. Moreover, we show that the injection of Ag-pulsed DC induces the synthesis of isotypes similar to the immunoglobulin classes detected after immunization with the same Ag in complete Freund's adjuvant. Importantly, high amounts of IgG2a antibodies are produced, suggesting that T helper type 1 cells are activated. Collectively, these data indicate that DC can initiate a primary humoral response and that they may be used as physiological adjuvant in vivo.
Polarization sensitivity of a silica waveguide thermooptic phase shifter for planar lightwave circuits (1992)

A thermooptic (TO) phase shifter, which consists of a thin-film heater loaded on a silica-based single-mode waveguide on a Si substrate, was found to exhibit a sli1h,t polarization dependence of about 3.1% between the TE and TM modes. This dependence, which is caused by anisotropic stress concentration due to local heating, was successfully reduced by forming stress-releasing grooves on either side of the heater.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of 123I-IMPY: a novel amyloid plaque-imaging agent for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. (2006)

(123)I-IMPY may be a safe radiotracer with appropriate biokinetics for imaging amyloid plaques in AD patients.
Changes in the levels of inositol phosphates after agonist-dependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides (1983)

The formation of inositol phosphates in response to agonists was studied in brain slices, parotid gland fragments and in the insect salivary gland. The tissues were first incubated with [3H]inositol, which was incorporated into the phosphoinositides. All the tissues were found to contain glycerophosphoinositol, inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which were identified by using anion-exchange and high-resolution anion-exchange chromatography, high-voltage paper ionophoresis and paper chromatography. There was no evidence for the existence of inositol 1:2-cyclic phosphate. A simple anion-exchange chromatographic method was developed for separating these inositol phosphates for quantitative analysis. Stimulation caused no change in the levels of glycerophosphoinositol in any of the tissues. The most prominent change concerned inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, which increased enormously in the insect salivary gland and parotid gland after stimulation with 5-hydroxytryptamine and carbachol respectively. Carbachol also induced a large increase in the level of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the parotid. Stimulation of brain slices with carbachol induced modest increase in the bis- and tris-phosphate. In all the tissues studied, there was a significant agonist-dependent increase in the level of inositol 1-phosphate. The latter may be derived from inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, because homogenates of the insect salivary gland contain a bisphosphatase in addition to a trisphosphatase. These results suggest that the earliest event in the stimulus-response pathway is the hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides by a phosphodiesterase to yield inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, which are subsequently hydrolysed to inositol 1-phosphate and inositol. The absence of inositol 1:2-cyclic phosphate could indicate that, at very short times after stimulation, phosphatidylinositol is not catabolized by its specific phosphodiesterase, or that any cyclic derivative liberated is rapidly hydrolysed by inositol 1:2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase.
Gene expression response to misfolded protein as a screen for soluble recombinant protein (2002)

Proper protein folding is key to producing recombinant proteins for structure determination. We have examined the effect of misfolded recombinant protein on gene expression in Escherichia coli. Comparison of expression patterns indicates a unique set of genes responding to translational misfolding. The response is in part analogous to heat shock and suggests a translational component to the regulation. We have further utilized the expression information to generate reporters responsive to protein misfolding. These reporters were used to identify properly folded recombinant proteins and to create soluble domains of insoluble proteins for structural studies.
Spectral interferometry of semiconductor nanostructures (1999)

Fourier transform spectral interferometry is applied to measure both amplitude and phase of the electric field in different types of semiconductor nanostructures, thus determining the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function. The importance of measuring the phase is shown and discussed in three studies. First, the phase measurement is used to access directly the refractive index across excitonic resonances in bulk GaAs and AlGaAs-GaAs quantum wells, with unprecedented resolution. Second, we measure the density dependence of the full dielectric function across a Fano resonance in bulk GaAs and show that this allows us to obtain some information on the collisional broadening of the usually hidden linewidth of the coupled exciton/continuum. Third, the phase is studied in a complex heterostructure, a semiconductor microcavity. We investigate and discuss the effect of the cavity detuning and of the excitation density.
A One-Domain Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel in Bacteria (2001)

Learning, memory, movement, sensation, and other complex processes are all coordinated by electrical signals (action potentials) conducted along the long fibers of nerve cells. In both multicellular animals and complex single-cell organisms such as the eukaryote Paramecium, electrical signals are generated locally and action potentials are conducted globally through the activity of a family of voltage-gated sodium channels. This ion channel family was not thought to exist in bacteria, the jellyfish being the simplest organism in which it had been found (1). On page 2372 of this issue, Ren et al. (2) surprise us with their discovery of the first voltage-gated ion channel in a prokaryote. They describe the structure and function of a sodium channel in the salt-loving bacterium Bacillus halodurans.
Ray tracing (2005)

Ray tracing is a method to produce realistic images; it determines visible surfaces in an image at the pixel level (Appel, 1968; Kay & Greenberg, 1979; Whitted, 1980). Unlike the z-buffer and BSP tree, ray tracing operates pixel-by-pixel rather than primitive-by-primitive. This tends to make ray tracing relatively slow for scenes with large objects in screen space. However, it has a variety of nice features which often make it the right choice for batch rendering and even for some interactive applications.
Cardiac Induction of Embryonic Stem Cells by a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2010)

In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells is tightly regulated by the same key signaling pathways that control pattern formation during embryogenesis. Small molecules that selectively target these developmental pathways, including Wnt, and BMP signaling may be valuable for directing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward many desired tissue types, but to date only few such compounds have been shown to promote cardiac differentiation. Here, we show that XAV939, a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, can robustly induce cardiomyogenesis in mouse ES cells. Our results suggest that a timely administration of XAV939 immediately following the formation of mesoderm progenitor cells promotes cardiomyogenic development at the expense of other mesoderm derived lineages, including the endothelial, smooth muscle, and hematopoietic lineages. Given the critical role that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays in many aspects of embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, XAV939 is a valuable chemical probe to dissect in vitro differentiation of stem cells and to explore their regenerative potential in a variety of contexts.
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor: linking its structure to cell signaling and its role in disease (2009)

Already 20 years have passed since the cloning of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha-chain, the first member of the GM-CSF/interleukin (IL)-3/IL-5 family of hemopoietic cytokine receptors to be molecularly characterized. The intervening 2 decades have uncovered a plethora of biologic functions transduced by the GM-CSF receptor (pleiotropy) and revealed distinct signaling networks that couple the receptor to biologic outcomes. Unlike other hemopoietin receptors, the GM-CSF receptor has a significant nonredundant role in myeloid hematologic malignancies, macrophage-mediated acute and chronic inflammation, pulmonary homeostasis, and allergic disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying GM-CSF receptor activation have recently been revealed by the crystal structure of the GM-CSF receptor complexed to GM-CSF, which shows an unexpected higher order assembly. Emerging evidence also suggests the existence of intracellular signosomes that are recruited in a concentration-dependent fashion to selectively control cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by GM-CSF. These findings begin to unravel the mystery of cytokine receptor pleiotropy and are likely to also apply to the related IL-3 and IL-5 receptors as well as other heterodimeric cytokine receptors. The new insights in GM-CSF receptor activation have clinical significance as the structural and signaling nuances can be harnessed for the development of new treatments for malignant and inflammatory diseases.
Active preference learning for personalized calendar scheduling assistance (2005)

We present PLIANT, a learning system that supports adaptive assistance in an open calendaring system. PLIANT learns user preferences from the feedback that naturally occurs during interactive scheduling. It contributes a novel application of active learning in a domain where the choice of candidate schedules to present to the user must balance usefulness to the learning module with immediate benefit to the user. Our experimental results provide evidence of PLIANT's ability to learn user preferences under various conditions and reveal the tradeoffs made by the different active learning selection strategies.
Process-dependent thermal transport properties of silicon-dioxide films deposited using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (1999)

The volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of silicon-dioxide films prepared using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) are measured. The measurements employ the 3ω technique, which is extended to determine the thermal conductivity anisotropy and volumetric heat capacity of thin dielectric films. The thermal conductivity of the silicon-dioxide films exhibits a significant process dependence, which cannot be attributed to highly oriented microvoids or impurities. The volumetric heat capacity, in contrast, is largely independent of processing history provided that appropriate corrections are made to account for porosity and impurity contributions. This study provides evidence that process-dependent structural disorder strongly influences the thermal conductivity of amorphous films.
Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2010)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in a multiplicity of cancer-related signal transduction pathways like cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, neoangiogenesis and apoptosis inhibition, all of them important features of cancerogenesis and tumour progression. The inhibition of this receptor has been discovered as a suitable pharmaceutical intervention aimed at interrupting tumour activity. In cancer, both monoclonal antibodies and small molecules with anti-tyrosine kinase activity have been assessed in several trials with significant efficacy in clinical applications. The current review focuses in particular on the clinical data of EGFR inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer with emphasis on tyrosine kinase inhibition.
Fingerprinting for Solving A/V Synchronization Issues within Broadcast Environments (2011)

Loss of synchronization between image and sound continues to annoy viewers and trouble broadcasters. With ever-increasing complexity in the distribution and delivery systems, the challenge for providers is to guarantee synchronization without modifying content while still keeping costs low. Media fingerprinting is an emerging technology that is gaining momentum and has far-reaching benefits for content creators, providers, and distributors alike. This paper describes Media Fingerprinting and its application to the maintenance of audio and video synchronization as well as other media management challenges. Ways in which standardization could help to promote this useful technology will also be considered.
Extracellular histones zap platelets (2011)

The article by Fuchs et al[1][1] in this issue of Blood demonstrates that histones, possibly released from neutrophils in infection, or necrotic cells, can activate platelets directly, lead to thrombocytopenia in vivo and, importantly (see figure), that this platelet activation can be blocked by
VEGF mRNA levels in placentae from pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia (1996)

This study provides evidence of an abnormality of growth factor expression in the placenta during pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Such placentae exhibit deficient growth and differentiation of terminal villi and reduced fetal capillary branching and reduced levels of VEGF could well account for these morphometric changes. This finding provides a molecular explanation for this abnormal placental development and points to VEGF as a factor in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia and its complications.
Lung tumor exosomes induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells via NFκB-TLR signaling pathway (2016)

Our studies suggest a novel mechanism by which lung tumor cell-derived exosomes induce pro-inflammatory activity of MSCs which in turn get tumor supportive characteristics.
A Thermally Actuated Gas-Lift Safety Valve (2013)

Summary Most offshore oil wells use flow-control safety valves that are either actively controlled from the surface or passively actuated by pressure changes. In this paper, we propose a passive, thermally-actuated safety valve that adds redundancy to well systems and significantly increases well safety. We use quasistatic thermal modeling, validated with experimental downhole data, to identify and characterize a suitable temperature regime for shape memory alloy actuation. We develop a complete loading and shut-in procedure with the new valve that is consistent with current practice in artificial lift. Finally, through a true-scale stainless-steel prototype, we demonstrate essential manufacturability and successful valve closure in accordance with predictions.
Simultaneous multilingual search for translingual information retrieval (2008)

We consider the problem of translingual information retrieval, where monolingual searchers issue queries in a different language than the document language(s) and the results must be returned in the language they know, the query language. We present a framework for translingual IR that integrates document translation and query translation into the retrieval model. The corpus is represented as an aligned, jointly indexed "pseudo-parallel" corpus, where each document contains the text of the document along with its translation into the query language. The queries are formulated as multilingual structured queries, where each query term and its translations into the document language(s) are treated as synonym sets. This model leverages simultaneous search in multiple languages against jointly indexed documents to improve the accuracy of results over search using document translation or query translation alone. For query translation, we compared a statistical machine translation (SMT) approach to a dictionary-based approach. We found that using a Wikipedia-derived dictionary for named entities combined with an SMT-based dictionary worked better than SMT alone. Simultaneous multilingual search also has other important features suited to translingual search, since it can provide an indication of poor document translation when a match with the source document is found. We show how close integration of CLIR and SMT allows us to improve result translation in addition to IR results.
Cloning, purification, and biochemical characterization of the pneumococcal bacteriophage Cp-1 lysin (1987)

Cp-1, a small virulent bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus pneumoniae, encodes its own lytic enzyme (CPL). A fragment of Cp-1 DNA containing the gene cpl coding for CPL was cloned and expressed in high amounts in Escherichia coli. CPL was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by using affinity chromatography on choline-Sepharose (T. Briese and R. Hakenbeck, Eur. J. Biochem. 146:417-427, 1985), and the enzyme showing a Mr of 39,000 was characterized as a muramidase. This muramidase required for in vivo and in vitro activity the presence of choline in the teichoic acids of the pneumococcal cell walls. Free choline or lipoteichoic acid noncompetitively inhibited the activity of CPL.
Structure−Activity Relationships of the Melanocortin Tetrapeptide Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the Mouse Melanocortin Receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp Position (2002)

The melanocortin pathway is involved in the regulation of several physiological functions including skin pigmentation, steroidogenesis, obesity, energy homeostasis, and exocrine gland function. This melanocortin pathway consists of five known G-protein coupled receptors, endogenous agonists derived from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcript, the endogenous antagonists Agouti and the Agouti-related protein (AGRP) and signals through the intracellular cAMP signal transduction pathway. The endogenous melanocortin agonists contain the putative message sequence “His-Phe-Arg-Trp,” postulated to be important for melanocortin receptor molecular recognition and stimulation. Herein, we report a tetrapeptide library, based upon the template Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2, consisting of 20 members that have been modified at the Trp9 position (α-MSH numbering) and pharmacologically characterized for agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin receptors MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. Results from this study yielded compounds that ranged in pharmacological properties from equipotent to a loss of melanocortin receptor activity at up to 100 μM concentrations. Interestingly, modification of the Trp9 in the tetrapeptide template at the MC1R resulted in only up to a 220-fold potency change, while at the MC4R and MC5R, up to a 9700-fold decrease in potency was observed, suggesting the MC1R is more tolerant of the modifications examined herein. The most notable results of this study include identification that the Trp9 indole moiety in the tetrapeptide template is important for melanocortin-3 receptor agonist potency, and that this position can be used to design melanocortin ligands possessing receptor selectivity for the peripherally expressed MC1 and MC5 versus the centrally expressed MC3 and MC4 receptors. Specifically, the Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Tic-NH2 and the Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Bip-NH2 tetrapeptides possessed nanomolar MC1R and MC5R potency but micromolar MC3R and MC4R agonist potency. Additionally, these studies identified that substitution of the Trp amino acid with either Nal(2‘) or d-Nal(2‘) resulted in equipotent melanocortin receptor potency, suggesting that the chemically reactive Trp indole side chain may be replaced with the nonreactive Nal(2‘) moiety for the design of nonpeptide melanocortin receptor agonists.
Mantle cell lymphoma cells express predominantly cyclin D1a isoform and are highly sensitive to selective inhibition of CDK4 kinase activity (2006)

The prognosis for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is poor, and at present there is no truly effective therapy. Gene translocation-mediated constitutive expression of cyclin D1 seems to play the key role in the pathogenesis of MCL. Here we report that although 3 of 4 MCL cell lines expressed the recently identified, highly oncogenic cyclin D1b isoform, as well as the canonical cyclin D1a, 8 MCL patient samples expressed only the cyclin D1a protein despite expressing detectable cyclin D1b mRNA. Cell lines and tissue samples displayed constitutive activation of the cyclin D1 signaling cascade, as evidenced by strong expression of CDK4, Rb phosphorylation, and cyclin D1/CDK4 coassociation. All MCL cell lines and tissues examined displayed nondetectable to diminished expression of the cyclin D1 inhibitor p16. Novel small molecule CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor PD0332991 profoundly suppressed--at low nanomolar concentrations--Rb phosphorylation, proliferation, and cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase of MCL cells. These findings provide evidence that MCL should be very sensitive to targeted therapy aimed at functional inhibition of the cyclin D1/CDK4 complex.
Doppler-angle measurement in highly scattering media (2000)

We describe a dual-channel optical low-coherence reflectometer for accurate measurement of Doppler angles in highly scattering media. Accurate fluid-flow velocity estimation requires measurement of the Doppler shift and angle. Estimated values of the Doppler angle and average fluid-flow velocity from experimental data are in good agreement with preset values.
CD19, CD21, and CD22: Multifaceted Response Regulators of B Lymphocyte Signal Transduction (2001)

B lymphocyte development and function depend upon the activity of intrinsic and B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-induced signals. These signals are interpreted, amplified, fine-tuned, or suppressed through the precise actions of specialized cell surface coreceptors, or "response regulators," that inform B cells of their extracellular environment. Important cell surface response regulators include the CD19/CD21 complex, CD22, and CD72. CD19 establishes a novel Src-family protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) amplification loop that regulates basal signaling thresholds and intensifies Src-family PTK activation following BCR ligation. In turn, CD22 limits the intensity of CD19-dependent, BCR-generated signals through the recruitment of potent phosphotyrosine and phosphoinositide phosphatases. Herein we discuss our current understanding of how CD19/CD21 and CD22 govern the emergence and intensity of BCR-mediated signals, and how alterations in these tightly controlled regulatory activities contribute to autoimmunity in mice and humans.
Suppression of Aging in Mice by the Hormone Klotho (2005)

A defect in Klotho gene expression in mice accelerates the degeneration of multiple age-sensitive traits. Here, we show that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends life span. Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending life span. Alleviation of aging-like phenotypes in Klotho-deficient mice was observed by perturbing insulin and IGF1 signaling, suggesting that Klotho-mediated inhibition of insulin and IGF1 signaling contributes to its anti-aging properties. Klotho protein may function as an anti-aging hormone in mammals.