gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rationally designed dehydroalanine (ΔAla)‐containing peptides inhibit amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide aggregation (2009)

Among the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, primarily Abeta (1-40) and Abeta (1-42), in the brain as senile plaques. A large body of evidence suggests that cognitive decline and dementia in AD patients arise from the formation of various aggregated forms of Abeta, including oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Hence, there is increasing interest in designing molecular agents that can impede the aggregation process and that can lead to the development of therapeutically viable compounds. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the specifically designed alpha,beta-dehydroalanine (DeltaAla)-containing peptides P1 (K-L-V-F-DeltaA-I-DeltaA) and P2 (K-F-DeltaA-DeltaA-DeltaA-F) to inhibit Abeta (1-42) aggregation. The mechanism of interaction of the two peptides with Abeta (1-42) seemed to be different and distinct. Overall, the data reveal a novel application of DeltaAla-containing peptides as tools to disrupt Abeta aggregation that may lead to the development of anti-amyloid therapies not only for AD but also for many other protein misfolding diseases. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 456-465, 2009.
Multiple Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Against In Vitro Ischemia (2006)

The concomitant inhibition of fast Na+ and HVA Ca2+ conductances is critically important for the neuroprotection, whereas the presynaptic inhibition on glutamate transmission does not seem to play a major role.
Processing of a cellular polypeptide by 3CD proteinase is required for poliovirus ribonucleoprotein complex formation (1997)

Poliovirus interactions with host cells were investigated by studying the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes at the 3' end of poliovirus negative-strand RNA which are presumed to be involved in viral RNA synthesis. It was previously shown that two host cell proteins with molecular masses of 36 and 38 kDa bind to the 3' end of viral negative-strand RNA at approximately 3 to 4 h after infection. We tested the hypothesis that preexisting cellular proteins are modified during the course of infection and are subsequently recruited to play a role in viral replication. It was demonstrated that the 38-kDa protein, either directly or indirectly, is the product of processing by poliovirus 3CD/3C proteinase. Only the modified 38-kDa protein, not its precursor protein, has a high affinity for binding to the 3' end of viral negative-strand RNA. This modification depends on proteolytically active proteinase, and a direct correlation between the levels of 3CD proteinase and the 38-kDa protein was demonstrated in infected tissue culture cells. The nucleotide (nt) 5-10 region (positive-strand numbers) of poliovirus negative-strand RNA is important for binding of the 38-kDa protein. Deletion of the nt 5-10 region in full-length, positive-strand RNA renders the RNA noninfectious in transfection experiments. These results suggest that poliovirus 3CD/3C proteinase processes a cellular protein which then plays an essential role during the viral life cycle.
Significant association of Rho/ROCK pathway with invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer. (2003)

Rho/ROCK pathway apparently involved in occurrence and progression of bladder cancer may be valuable prognostic markers.
Footbridges over Sava River in Zagreb (2005)

The paper discusses the possibilities of spanning the Sava river in the Croatian capital Zagreb with a suspension or hybrid suspension footbridge. The suspension principle found many applications in footbridges, due to the inherently beautiful form, light appearance and strong visual appeal. Up to today only several suspension bridges were constructed in Croatia, all of them intended for pedestrian use. The most recent, the bridge over Sava river in Martinska Ves is described in more detail. High speeds and narrow footpaths on the existing road bridges across Sava river in Zagreb discourage people from walking or bicycling. Bridges serving exclusively pedestrian or bicycle traffic would greatly help promote the use of river banks and importance of increased physical activity. A suspension footbridge has a main advantage over other bridge types, as it provides for an attractive and inviting river crossing. For this purpose, two locations are considered carefully interpolated between the existing road and railway bridges, on both sides of the centrally located Sloboda road bridge.
CK2α phosphorylates DBC1 and is involved in the progression of gastric carcinoma and predicts poor survival of gastric carcinoma patients (2014)

CK2α has diverse effects on the tumorigenesis owing to its kinase activity, which phosphorylates various proteins involved in tumorigenesis. We, therefore, investigated the expression and role of CK2α in the phosphorylation of deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) in gastric carcinomas. We used 187 gastric carcinomas and human gastric cancer cells to investigate the roles and relationship between CK2α and DBC1 in gastric carcinomas. Positive expression of CK2α and phospho-DBC1 predicted shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival by univariate analysis. Especially, CK2α expression was an independent prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma patients. In gastric carcinoma cells, CK2α was bound to DBC1 and phosphorylated DBC1. The phosphorylation of DBC1 by CK2α was evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of CK2α and DBC1 in a GST pull-down assay, an in vitro kinase assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Inhibition of both CK2α and DBC1 decreased proliferation and invasive activity of cancer cells. Decreased migration and invasive activity was associated with a downregulation of MMP2, MMP9 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A mutation at the phosphorylation site of DBC1 also downregulated the signals related with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our study demonstrated that CK2α is an independent prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma patients and is involved in tumorigenesis by regulating the phosphorylation of DBC1. In addition, the blocking of CK2α and DBC1 inhibited the proliferation and invasive potential of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, our study suggests that CK2α-DBC1 pathway might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric carcinoma.
Structure of the gene encoding the human B lymphocyte differentiation antigen CD20 (B1). (1989)

The CD20 (B1) molecule is a differentiation Ag found only on the surface of B lymphocytes. This structurally unique phosphoprotein plays a role in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. In this report genomic DNA clones containing the human CD20 gene were isolated and the structure of the CD20 gene determined. Southern blot analysis revealed that CD20 mRNA was transcribed from a single-copy gene. The CD20 gene was 16 kb long and was composed of eight exons. The first exon marked the major transcription initiation site as determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis. The translation initiation codon was located within the third exon. Exon VIII encoded the COOH terminus of the CD20 protein and the long 3' untranslated region. Three forms of CD20 mRNA were identified that all encode an identical protein product. The dominant form of 2.8 kb results from usage of exons I through VIII, whereas a second form that is 263 bp shorter had exon I spliced into an internal 3' splice site within exon III thereby skipping exon II. A minor 3.4-kb mRNA species most likely results from an uncharacterized upstream exon(s) splicing into an internal 3' slice site located in exon I. Nucleotide sequences of cDNA clones representative of each of these RNA forms are presented. The 5' splice site following exon V was found to be divergent from the consensus splice sequence. A relationship between the individual peptides encoded by the six exons and structurally distinct regions of the CD20 protein is likely.
Function of streptokinase fragments in plasminogen activation (1994)

Several peptide fragments of streptokinase (SK) were prepared by incubating SK with immobilized human plasmin (hPlm) and purified by h.p.l.c. with a reverse-phase phenyl column. The N-terminal sequences, amino acid compositions and molecular masses of these peptide fragments were determined. The SK peptide fragment of 36 kDa consisting of Ser60-Lys387 (SK-p), was the only peptide fragment that could be tightly bound to immobilized hPlm. Another three large SK peptide fragments, SK-m, SK-n and SK-o, with molecular masses of 7 kDa, 18 kDa and 30 kDa, and consisting of Ile1-Lys59, Glu148-Lys333, Ser60-Lys333 respectively, were also obtained from the supernatant of the reaction mixture. The purified SK-p had high affinity with hPlm and could activate human plasminogen (hPlg) with a kPlg one-sixth that of the native SK. SK-o had low affinity with hPlm and could also activate hPlg, although the catalytic constant was less than 1% of the native SK. SK-n, as well as SK-m, which is the N-terminal 59 amino acid peptide of the native SK, had no activator activity. However, SK-m could enhance the activator activity of both SK-o and SK-p and increase their second-order rate constants by two- and six-fold respectively. It was concluded from these studies that (1) SK-o, the Ser60-Lys333 peptide of SK, was essential for minimal SK activator activity, (2) the C-terminal peptide of SK-p, Ala334-Lys387, was essential for high affinity with hPlm, and (3) the N-terminal 59-amino-acid peptide was important in maintaining the proper conformation of SK to have its full activator activity.
Patterns of Diagnosis and Acute and Preventive Treatment for Migraine in the United States: Results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study (2006)

Migraine remains undertreated in the US population. Barriers to preventive treatment are greater in younger age groups, men, and people unaware that they have migraine.
Solvent effects on the electronic and vibrational properties of high-valent oxomolybdenum(V) 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole probed by UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy (2009)

Solution UV-visible electronic absorption and resonance Raman (RR) scattering spectra in 25 aprotic organic solvents have been measured and analyzed for a high-valent molybdenum( V ) oxo complex of 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, (Mo V O)CorPh 3 . Optical absorption data in the visible region show a significant positive solvatochromism upon increasing solvent polarizability (ca. 660 cm -1 for the violet Soret band on going from acetonitrile to carbon disulfide), described by an excellent linear correlation between the bathochromic shifts of corrole π → π* electronic transitions and the solvent refractive index [Formula: see text]. Isotope labeling of the terminal oxo group with 18 O revealed the oxo-Mo(V) stretch of (Mo V O)CorPh 3 to vibrate at frequency ν(Mo V O) ≈ 970 cm -1 [Δ( 16 O- 18 O) = 46 cm -1 ] , consistent with a Mo V ≡O triple bond. This vibration is greatly enhanced in the RR spectra with excitations within the Soret absorption band and its frequency is sensitive to solute-solvent interactions that weaken the Mo V ≡O triple bond by inhibiting O 2- → Mo 5+ electron donation. The ν(Mo V O) frequency decreases in direct proportion to the Swain's solvent polarity parameter (A + B), from 969.4 cm -1 in n-hexane solution down to 955.6 cm -1 in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. However, only weak linear correlation was found when the ν(Mo V O) frequencies were plotted as a function of the Gutmann's solvent acceptor numbers (ANs). A molecular association occurs between chloroform and (Mo V O)CorPh 3 through Mo V ≡O⋯H-CCl 3 hydrogen-bonding interactions, manifested as an upshift of the ν(Mo V O) RR band in deuteriochloroform solution. The ν(Mo V O) stretching frequencies of (Mo V O)CorPh 3 and its fluorinated derivative (Mo V O)Cor(Ph(CF 3 ) 2 ) 3 {Cor(Ph(CF 3 ) 2 ) 3 = 5,10,15-tris-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]corrole} are compared, and the increased strength of the Mo V ≡O bond in the latter oxo-Mo(V) species is attributed to the cis effect of the electron-withdrawing -C 6 H 3 (CF 3 ) 2 groups, as judged by a 6 cm -1 elevation of the ν(Mo V O) frequency. Raman excitation profiles of ν(Mo V O) and corrole skeletal vibrations show the presence of charge-transfer and π → π* electronic transitions within the Soret absorption band of oxomolybdenum( V ) corroles.
SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER: THE ROLE OF INTERFERON-alpha (1998)

The clinical experience suggests that recombinant interferon-alpha has an important role in the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma, particularly as second line therapy following failure of BCG or chemotherapy, and it may have synergistic effects when combined with chemotherapy or BCG. We propose a prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy of recombinant interferon-alpha, BCG and BCG plus recombinant interferon-alpha as maintenance following complete response to primary BCG therapy. The proposed study would also investigate the efficacy of BCG plus recombinant interferon-alpha as second line therapy following BCG failure. This study will be important to determine the most effective strategy to integrate recombinant interferon-alpha into current treatment options for superficial bladder cancer.
Effect of prolonged exercise on the passage of a solid meal through the stomach and small intestine. (1982)

The effect of intermittent moderate exercise on the passage of a solid meal, labelled with radioactive Technetium sulphur colloid, through the stomach and small intestine was investigated by paired studies on seven healthy volunteers. Measurements of gastric radioactivity and breath hydrogen exertion were recorded every 10 minutes while subjects exercised in a controlled manner while seated on a bicycle ergometer. These were compared with values obtained during a separate experiment while the same subjects sat upright in a chair. Exercise significantly accelerated gastric emptying (control t 1/2 = 1.5 +/- 0.1 h; exercise t 1/2 = 1.2 +/- 0.1 h; p less than 0.02) but had no significant effect on small bowel transit time.
Piezoelectric Motion of Multilayer Film with Alternate Rows of Optical Isomers of Chiral Polymer Film (2011)

We realized a multilayer film laminated alternately with poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) films in order to improve the piezoelectric performance of the PLLA film. In the fabrication processes, the thicknesses of PLLA and PDLA films were reduced to improve the effective electric field, and a multilayer composed of more than 100 layers (PDLA/PLLA multilayer film) was realized to improve the piezoelectric performance. In general, a single PLLA film has a piezoelectric constant of about 5 pC/N, and it is difficult to observe the piezoelectric resonance in this film of centimeter-order size using a commercial impedance analyzer because of its small Q -value. In contrast, the PDLA/PLLA multilayer film of centimeter-order size has a piezoelectric performance equivalent to that of the piezoelectric material with a piezoelectric constant of 100 pC/N, and also, the piezoelectric resonance can be observed in this film. On the basis of these results, we confirmed that even an object of 259 g mass is made to vibrate under the piezoelectric resonance vibration of this PDLA/PLLA multilayer film. In other words, necessary quantities for actual work as an actuator could be obtained in the PDLA/PLLA multilayer film.
Differential expression of Trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase in intra- and extracellular trypomastigotes (1991)

The developmentally regulated expression of Trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase in culture cells was monitored by immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody (TCN-2) against the enzyme. The results showed that TCN-2 reacted with all intracellular trypomastigote forms (NA+) but not with amastigotes. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled neuraminidase confirmed TCN-2 reactivity with trypomastigotes and the specificity of the antibody binding. During exiting from the host cells, all trypomastigotes were still NA+. However, when free in the extracellular environment, the relative proportion of NA+ parasites declined from 100% to about 20%, thereby establishing a subpopulation of trypomastigotes which did not express enzyme (NA-). The expression of neuraminidase in all intracellular trypomastigotes and in only a subpopulation of the extracellular counterpart suggests that the enzyme may play a role in parasite exiting from infected cells.
Molecular hybridization under conditions of high stringency permits cloned DNA segments containing reiterated DNA sequences to be assigned to specific chromosomal locations. (1984)

Identifying the specific DNA sequences involved in the chromosomal abnormalities in developmental and neoplastic diseases may be essential to understanding the molecular biology of these disorders. The use of recombinant DNA techniques in conjunction with rodent-human hybrid cells makes it possible to assign chromosomal locations to specific DNA sequences. However, the ubiquitous presence of reiterated DNA species often complicates the application of straightforward molecular hybridization. To accelerate the mapping of cloned sequences to specific chromosomal locations, we investigated the possibility that cloned sequences containing reiterated DNA might be used without isolating unique sequences. By varying conditions of hybridization (specifically temperature) and using restricted DNA samples from human genomic DNA, Chinese hamster ovary-human chromosome 11 hybrids, and non-chromosome 11 hybrids, we have been able to assign cloned DNA sequences containing reiterated sequences to their chromosome of origin. By hybridization under the high-stringency condition of 55 degrees C, specific banding was produced with both human genomic DNA and the human-chromosome-containing hybrid from which the probe was prepared. Furthermore, using a panel of chromosome 11 deletion mutants, we have been able to assign a cloned sequence to a specific chromosomal location. We believe that this approach will accelerate gene mapping procedures and facilitate identification of DNA sequences involved in chromosomal abnormalities.
Speech Transport in Packet-Radio Networks with Mobile Nodes (1983)

A research effort to provide speech-carrying capabilities to a data-oriented packet-switching radio network is described. The features of the network that limit its ability to carry packetized speech are discussed, and their effects on the network performance are analyzed. A new protocol, called duct routing, that enhances the network capabilities in a mobile environment is presented. That protocol makes use of repeater redundancy to compensate for loss of communication connectivity due to node mobility. A series of experiments to evaluate the network performance in carrying speech traffic, both with data and voice protocols, is described, and the results are presented and discussed.
Application of Azoxystrobin for Control of Benomyl-Resistant Guignardia citricarpa on ‘Valencia’ Oranges in South Africa (2003)

Azoxystrobin was evaluated in replicated small-plot trials from 1995 to 1999 for control of citrus black spot (CBS) on 'Valencia' oranges caused by Guignardia citricarpa. Applications of different rates of tank mixes of azoxystrobin and mancozeb during the susceptible period from October to January were compared with an untreated control as well as the standard four applications of mancozeb with or without mineral oil (1.20 g a.i./liter + 0.5% [vol/vol]/liter and 1.60 g a.i./liter of water, respectively). Two applications of azoxystrobin in tank mixtures with mancozeb and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter) in mid-November and mid-January at rates of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g a.i./liter controlled CBS by more than 98 to 99%, 99 to 100% and 95 to 98%, respectively. Concomitantly, where mineral oil was not added to the fungicide mixture, azoxystrobin and mancozeb resulted only in 73 to 95%, 74 to 93% and 92.2 to 92.3% CBS control, respectively. Tank mixtures of benomyl, mancozeb, and mineral oil reduced CBS by only 29%, which could be attributed to the presence of benomyl-resistant pathogen isolates in the experimental orchard. Azoxystrobin applied at rates of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10 g a.i./liter in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) or Agral 90 (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) were equally effective, reducing CBS by more than 99%. When mineral oil was compared to different adjuvants in tank mixtures with azoxystrobin and mancozeb, only mineral oil resulted in 100% clean exportable fruit. There was no difference between Sunspray 6E and Bac oil when mixed with azoxystrobin and mancozeb on the degree of disease control. Furthermore, the concentration of mineral oil in water can be lowered from 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water to 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water without a loss in efficacy against CBS. It is therefore, recommended that azoxystrobin (0.075 g a.i./liter) must be applied in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil, which can be applied at either 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water or 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water.
H2S-induced vasorelaxation and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms (2002)

H(2)S is endogenously generated in vascular smooth muscle cells. The signal transduction pathways involved in the vascular effects of H(2)S have been unclear and were investigated in the present study. H(2)S induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aortic tissues that was not affected by vascular denervation. The vasorelaxant potency of H(2)S was attenuated by the removal of the endothelium. Similarly, the blockade of nitric oxide synthase or the coapplication of the Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channel blockers apamin and charybdotoxin reduced the H(2)S-induced relaxation of the endothelium-intact aortic tissues. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was completely abolished by either 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or NS- 2028, two soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors. Instead of inhibition, ODQ and NS-2028 potentiated the H(2)S-induced vasorelaxation, which was suppressed by superoxide dismutase. The vasorelaxant effect of H(2)S was also significantly attenuated when Ca(2+)-free bath solution was used. Finally, pretreatment of aortic tissues with H(2)S reduced the relaxant response of vascular tissues to SNP. Our results demonstrate that the vascular effect of H(2)S is partially mediated by a functional endothelium and dependent on the extracellular calcium entry but independent of the activation of the cGMP pathway.
A novel, wafer-level stacking method for low-chip yield and non-uniform, chip-size wafers for MEMS and 3D SIP applications (2008)

Stacking of wafers with low chip-yield and non uniform chips size is developed for MEMS and 3D packaging applications. Stacking of MEMS and ASIC wafers one over other is difficult due to difference in chip yield and chip size. A cap wafer which is used for sealing the MEMS wafer in the wafer level package (WLP) is used for stacking the known good dice from MEMS wafer. Cavities and through silicon vias (TSV) are formed on a support wafer which matches with the ASIC (Electronics) wafer. Based on the mapping of the ASIC wafer, a known good die from MEMS wafer is picked and attached into the support wafer. MEMS devices are attached in to the support wafer either by face down or face up with respect to ASIC chip. Redistribution lay outs are made on the ASIC wafer to match the pads configuration of the MEMS and ASIC wafer. The completed support wafer with MEMS devices in the cavity is bonded with ASIC wafer in a wafer bonder for final assembly. Since through hole vias are formed on the support wafer there is no need to etch through silicon via on either MEMS or AISC wafer. A hermetically sealed MEMS chip with ASIC one over other is assembled to meet the final real estate reduction of the package size. A stacking approach for low yield and non uniform chip size wafers is demonstrated.