gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Maternal Serum in Down Syndrome:  Identification of Novel Protein Biomarkers (2007)

Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Definitive diagnosis requires invasive amniocentesis, and current maternal serum-based testing requires a false-positive rate of about 5% to detect 85% of affected pregnancies. We have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to identify potential serum biomarkers to detect DS. First- and second-trimester maternal serum samples of DS and gestational age-matched controls were analyzed using multiple, complementary proteomic approaches, including fluorescence 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), 2-dimensional liquid chromatography-chromatofocusing (2D-CF), multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT; LC/LC-MS/MS), and MALDI-TOF-MS peptide profiling. In total, 28 and 26 proteins were differentially present in first- and second-trimester samples, respectively. Of these, 19 were specific for the first trimester and 16 for the second trimester, and 10 were differentially present in both trimesters. Analysis of MALDI-TOF-MS peptide profiles with pattern-recognition software also discriminated between DS and controls in both trimesters, with an average recognition capability approaching 96%. A majority of the biomarkers identified are serum glycoproteins that may play a role in cellular differentiation and growth of fetus. Further characterization and quantification of these markers in a larger cohort of subjects may provide the basis for new tests for improved DS screening.
Dietary berries and ellagic acid diminish estrogen-mediated mammary cancer in the ACI rat model (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

2267 

Elevated levels of estrogen are associated with higher risk for breast cancer. The induction of mammary tumors in ACI rats by estrogen mimics the human scenario more closely than tumors induced by environmental carcinogens. This renders the model more useful for chemopreventive interventions with translational value. Historically, dietary chemoprevention studies have used relatively high doses in order to achieve efficacy which makes applying bench-side research to bed-side improbable. Any potent chemopreventive agent must be tested at realistically achievable doses in a suitable animal model for integrating into clinical practice. In this study, we have tested feasible doses of dietary berries and ellagic acid to reduce estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Female ACI rats (7-8 wks) were fed either AIN-93M diet (n=25) or diet supplemented with either dehydrated blueberries (n=18) and black raspberries (n=18) at 2.5% w/w or ellagic acid (n=18) at 400 ppm. Two weeks later, animals received implants of silastic tubes containing 27 mg 17β- estradiol. Animals were monitored for tumor appearance by palpation throughout the course of the study. Animals were euthanized 25 weeks after estrogen treatment and number of tumors and tumor volumes were determined. Tumors in animals fed control diet first appeared after 90 d of estrogen implantation. Tumor appearance was, however, moderately, but insignificantly, delayed by 18, 21 and 22 d in animals fed diets supplemented with blueberries, black raspberries and ellagic acid, respectively. At the termination of the experiment, no difference was observed in the tumor incidence between the control diet and experimental diets, however, other tumor indices were reduced by intervention. Compared with control group (average tumor volume = 685± 200 mm3 and tumor multiplicity = 8.0± 2.4), ellagic acid reduced the tumor burden by 75% (p<0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 44% (p70% (p<0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 37% (p=0.07). Blueberries showed a moderate (42%) reduction in tumor volume but tumor multiplicity was essentially unaffected. These data demonstrate chemoprotective effects of both berries and ellagic acid against the carcinogenic activity of the estrogen. Based on known ellagic acid contents - high in black raspberries (1,500 ppm) and low in blueberries (<100 ppm), our data suggests that, in addition to ellagic acid, there may be other constituent(s) in these berries that are responsible for the observed chemoprotective effects.
Magnetic Core-Shell Particles: Preparation of Magnetite Multilayers on Polymer Latex Microspheres (1999)

Colloidal particles with magnetic properties are attractive due to their tunable anisotropic interactions. Here is reported a new class of polystyrene-core magnetite-shell particles produced by the sequential adsorption of nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte, a process that allows the shell thickness and composition to be controlled with nanometer precision. The Figure shows the alignment of the nanocomposite particles in the presence of a magnetic field.
Antibacterial Activity of Some 5-Dialkylaminomethylhydantoins and Related Derivatives (2013)

In connection with our studies on antibacterial compounds in the class of 5-dialkylaminomethylhydantoins against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) strains, some molecular modifications were attempted. The antibacterial activities of all of the synthesized hydantoin derivatives were evaluated. Among the hydantoin derivatives designed in this study, C₂-symmetrical twin-drug type compound (7) showed the highest level of antibacterial activity against S. aureus strain.
Exploring multispectral iris recognition beyond 900nm (2009)

Most iris recognition systems acquire images of the eye in the 700 nm-900 nm range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this work, the iris is examined at wavelengths beyond 900 nm. The purpose is to understand the iris structure at longer wavelengths and to determine the possibility of performing cross-spectral iris matching. An acquisition system is first designed for imaging the iris at narrow spectral bands in the 950 nm-1650 nm range. Next, the left and right images of the iris are acquired from 25 subjects in order to conduct the analysis. Finally, the possibility of performing cross-spectral matching and multispectral fusion at the match score level is investigated. Experimental results suggest: (a) the feasibility of acquiring iris images in wavelengths beyond 900 nm using InGaAs detectors; (b) the possibility of observing different structures in the iris anatomy at various wavelengths; and (c) the potential of performing cross-spectral matching and multispectral fusion for enhanced iris recognition.
Effects of CYP3A4 Inhibitors Ketoconazole and Verapamil and the CYP3A4 Inducer Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Fostamatinib: Results from In Vitro and Phase I Clinical Studies (2016)

The oxidative metabolism of R406 is predominantly catalyzed by CYP3A4. In clinical studies, exposure to R406 is affected by concomitant administration of CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors. These findings should be taken into account when considering co-prescription of fostamatinib with such agents.
Level shifters for high-speed 1 V to 3.3 V interfaces in a 0.13 μm Cu-interconnection/low-k CMOS technology (2002)

Level shifters for 1.0 V to 3.3 V high-speed interfaces are proposed. Level-up shifter uses zero-Vt 3.3 V NMOSs as voltage clamps to protect 1.0 V NMOS switches from high voltage stress across the gate oxide. Level-down shifter uses 3.3 V NMOSs as both pull-up and pull-down devices with supply voltage of 1.0 V and gate voltage swing from 0 V to 3.3 V. The zero-Vt NMOS is a standard MOSFET device in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process without adding extra mask or process step to realize it. Level-up transition from 0.9 V to 3.6 V takes only 1 ns in time, and the level-down transition has no minimum core voltage limitation. These circuits do not consume static DC power, therefore they are very suitable for low-power and high-speed interfaces in the deep sub-quarter-micron CMOS technologies.
Biochemical Evolution (1977)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi (1989)

Filamentous fungi are important in medicine, industry, agriculture, and basic biological research. For example, some fungal species are pathogenic to humans, whereas others produce beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin and cephalosporin). Industrial strains produce large amounts of enzymes, such as glucoamylase and proteases, and low molecular weight compounds, such as citric acid. The largest and most economically important group of plant pathogens are fungi. Several fungal species have biological properties and genetic systems that make them ideally suited for basic biological research. Recently developed techniques for genetic engineering of filamentous fungi make it possible to alter their detrimental and beneficial activities in novel ways.
A PCR-based DNA fingerprinting technique: AFLP for molecular typing of bacteria (1996)

Amplified restriction fragment polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR-based DNA fingerprinting technique. In AFLP analysis, bacterial genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, ligated to adapters, and a subset of DNA fragments are amplified using primers containing 16 adapter defined sequences with one additional arbitrary nucleotide. Polymorphisms of different Escherichia coli strains or Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were demonstrated as distinct, unique bands in a denaturing sequencing gel using AFLP. The polymorphisms detected between BL21 and BL21F'IQ and between DH5 alpha and DH5 alpha F'IQ strains indicated that AFLP is able to resolve differences in F' episomal DNA (approximately 100 kb).
Novel Cr-PNP complexes as catalysts for the trimerisation of ethylene (2003)

Cr(III) complexes of tridentate PNP ligands have been prepared and evaluated as catalysts for ethylene trimerisation, with several giving high activity and excellent selectivity towards 1-hexene when activated with methylaluminoxane.
Editorial, June 1999 (1999)

The Rotarian, Learning, Medical Economics, and other local national publications
Fish Skin: An Effective Barrier to Ice Crystal Propagation (1992)

ABSTRACT It has been well established that antifreeze peptides are responsible for the ability of many marine teleosts to survive in icy sea water at temperatures below the colligative freezing points of their blood. However, the in vivo site of antifreeze action has yet to be determined. One current hypothesis, the ‘iceexclusion hypothesis’, suggests that antifreeze proteins act within epithelial membranes (skin, gills, gut) and block the entry of external ice crystals. This hypothesis was examined by measuring ice propagation temperatures across isolated skin samples from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). The results obtained were consistent with the hypothesis, indicating that fish skin is an effective barrier to ice propagation and that the effectiveness of this barrier improves with the addition of antifreeze proteins. The results also demonstrated that the skin ice propagation temperatures were substantially lower than the lethal freezing temperatures of the fish. Therefore, some other epithelial tissue (possible gill) must be less effective than the skin in blocking ice crystal penetration into the fish.&amp;gt;
2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes. The central role of the lipoyl domain. (1997)

2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes are composed of multiple copies of at least three different enzymes, 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. The acyltransferase component harbours all properties required for multienzyme catalysis: it forms a large multimeric core, it contains binding sites for the peripheral components, the acyltransferase active site and mobile substrate carrying lipoyl domains that couple the active sites. In the past years these complexes have disclosed many of their secrets, providing currently a wealth of information on macromolecular structure, assembly and symmetry, active-site coupling, conformational mobility, substrate specificity and metabolic regulation. In this review we will discuss developments concerning the structural and mechanistic features of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes, with special emphasis on the structure and role of the lipoyl domains in the complex.
Cylindrical polymer brushes (2005)

Abstract In recent years, research on cylindrical polymer brushes (or molecular bottlebrushes) has received significant attention. In this article, we discuss various strategies for their synthesis and the unique properties arising from their regular multibranched structure. Some recent advances in the application of cylindrical polymer brushes are highlighted. Amphiphilic core– shell cylindrical polymer brushes, for example, have been successfully used as single molecular templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3461–3481, 2005
Mechanistic studies on lysine 2,3-aminomutase: carbon-13—deuterium crossover experiments (1988)

A mixture of L-[3,3-2H2]lysine plus L-[2-13C]lysine is converted by purified lysine 2,3-aminomutase into β-lysine. The di-N-phthaloyl methyl ester derivative of the resultant β-lysine shows a geminally deuterium-coupled enriched 13C n.m.r. signal indicating intermolecular transfer of the migrating 3-pro-R hydrogen of the α-lysine. L-[3-13C]Lysine has been synthesized. A mixture of L-[3,3-2H2]lysine plus L-[3-13C]lysine is similarly converted into β-lysine. Its di-N-phthaloyl methyl ester derivative shows a β-shifted enriched 13C n.m.r. signal for C-3, but no geminally coupled enriched C-3 signal. The latter experiment rules out any intermolecular exchange of the non-migrating 3-pro-S hydrogen atom of α-lysine. Various mechanistic possibilities for the intermolecular hydrogen transfer process are discussed.
Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused a worldwide epidemic in late 2002/early 2003 and a second outbreak in the winter of 2003/2004 by an independent animal-to-human transmission. The GD03 strain, which was isolated from an index patient of the second outbreak, was reported to resist neutralization by the human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) 80R and S3.1, which can potently neutralize isolates from the first outbreak. Here we report that two hmAbs, m396 and S230.15, potently neutralized GD03 and representative isolates from the first SARS outbreak (Urbani, Tor2) and from palm civets (SZ3, SZ16). These antibodies also protected mice challenged with the Urbani or recombinant viruses bearing the GD03 and SZ16 spike (S) glycoproteins. Both antibodies competed with the SARS-CoV receptor, ACE2, for binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD), suggesting a mechanism of neutralization that involves interference with the SARS-CoV-ACE2 interaction. Two putative hot-spot residues in the RBD (Ile-489 and Tyr-491) were identified within the SARS-CoV spike that likely contribute to most of the m396-binding energy. Residues Ile-489 and Tyr-491 are highly conserved within the SARS-CoV spike, indicating a possible mechanism of the m396 cross-reactivity. Sequence analysis and mutagenesis data show that m396 might neutralize all zoonotic and epidemic SARS-CoV isolates with known sequences, except strains derived from bats. These antibodies exhibit cross-reactivity against isolates from the two SARS outbreaks and palm civets and could have potential applications for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of SARS-CoV infections.
A New Sense for Depth of Field (1987)

This paper examines a novel source of depth information: focal gradients resulting from the limited depth of field inherent in most optical systems. Previously, autofocus schemes have used depth of field to measured depth by searching for the lens setting that gives the best focus, repeating this search separately for each image point. This search is unnecessary, for there is a smooth gradient of focus as a function of depth. By measuring the amount of defocus, therefore, we can estimate depth simultaneously at all points, using only one or two images. It is proved that this source of information can be used to make reliable depth maps of useful accuracy with relatively minimal computation. Experiments with realistic imagery show that measurement of these optical gradients can provide depth information roughly comparable to stereo disparity or motion parallax, while avoiding image-to-image matching problems.
Targeting TNF-Alpha to Elucidate and Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2011)

Inflammatory signals generated within the brain and peripheral nervous system direct diverse biological processes. Key amongst the inflammatory molecules is tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that, via binding to its associated receptors, is considered to be a master regulator of cellular cascades that control a number of diverse processes coupled to cell viability, gene expression, synaptic integrity and ion homeostasis. Whereas a self-limiting neuroinflammatory response generally results in the resolution of an intrinsically or extrinsically triggered insult by the elimination of toxic material or injured tissue to restore brain homeostasis and function, in the event of an unregulated reaction, where the immune response persists, inappropriate chronic neuroinflammation can ensue. Uncontrolled neuroinflammatory activity can induce cellular dysfunction and demise, and lead to a self-propagating cascade of harmful pathogenic events. Such chronic neuroinflammation is a typical feature across a range of debilitating common neurodegenerative diseases, epitomized by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which TNF-α expression appears to be upregulated and may represent a valuable target for intervention. Elaboration of the protective homeostasis signaling cascades from the harmful pathogenic ones that likely drive disease onset and progression could aid in the clinical translation of approaches to lower brain and peripheral nervous system TNF-α levels, and amelioration of inappropriate neuroinflammation.
Global clock synchronization in sensor networks (2006)

Global synchronization is important for many sensor network applications that require precise mapping of collected sensor data with the time of the events, for example, in tracking and surveillance. It also plays an important role in energy conservation in MAC layer protocols. This paper describes four methods to achieve global synchronization in a sensor network: a node-based approach, a hierarchical cluster-based method, a diffusion-based method, and a fault-tolerant diffusion-based method. The diffusion-based protocol is fully localized. We present two implementations of the diffusion-based protocol for synchronous and asynchronous systems and prove its convergence. Finally, we show that, by imposing some constraints on the sensor network, global clock synchronization can be achieved in the presence of malicious nodes that exhibit Byzantine failures.
Responses of patients with Bartter's syndrome to angiotensin III and angiotensin II-(3–8)-hexapeptide (1985)

Studies were conducted to determine whether or not angiotensin III [AIII] and angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide [ANG-(3-8)] have their own specific arteriolar binding sites different from angiotensin II [AII] binding site(s) in man. Four patients with Bartter's syndrome were given asn1-,val5-AII by iv infusion at rates of 10, 20, 50 and 100 pmol/kg X min, each for 7 min. One hour later AIII was infused iv in the same 4 patients at rates of 50, 100, 250 and 500 pmol/kg X min, each for 7 min. After 100 or 150 mg/day of indomethacin treatment for 7 days, the same AII and AIII infusions were repeated. All patients showed blunted pressor responses to both AII and AIII before indomethacin and the responses were improved after indomethacin. Moreover, increment curves of blood pressure for AII were almost identical with those for AIII in individual patients both before and after indomethacin. ANG-(3-8) was infused iv in 3 normal men and 3 of the 4 patients with Bartter's syndrome at a rate of 3.500 pmol (2.838 ng)/kg X min for 15 min. Blood pressure rose in the normal men (12/12 mmHg on the average) but did not rise in the patients. These results suggest that AII, AIII and ANG-(3-8) have the same arteriolar binding sites in man.
High density magnetic recording on highly oriented CoCr-alloy perpendicular rigid disk media (1996)

High density magnetic recording is investigated for a combination of single-layered perpendicular media and ring-type heads. Medium magnetic properties (Hc and Mr/Ms) are improved by introducing a dual underlayer structure. Read/write experiments show that the linear recording resolution (D/sub 50/) increases drastically with decreasing magnetic spacing. D/sub 50/ values of 190-220 kFCI are observed using a flying MR head at an estimated magnetic spacing of 40 nm. Using contact recording, even higher resolution of D/sub 50/*=300 kFCI is confirmed. Side-writing and side-erasing can be reduced below 0.2 /spl mu/m by employing a narrow gap write head with trimmed sharp track edge, which demonstrates the possibility of track density greater than 25 kTPI. The recording areal density can be increased to the 10 Gb/in/sup 2/ level with the present recording system.
Multicolor Microwave-Triggered Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence (2006)

We describe a novel platform technology for both significantly enhancing and obtaining chemiluminescence signatures "on-demand", subsequently named Microwave-Triggered Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence. By combining the use of silver nanoparticles to plasmon enhance chemiluminescence with the use of low power microwaves to localize heating around the nanostructures, we can both optically amplify and trigger chemiluminescence reactions. This approach is a significant advantage over traditional chemiluminescence techniques and methodologies, such as those used for Western Blots, which typically require long periods of time to collect chemiluminescence and offer few possibilities of optically amplifying the signatures.
Principles and methods of preparation of platelet-rich plasma: A review and author′s perspective (2014)

The utility of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has spanned various fields of dermatology from chronic ulcer management to trichology and aesthetics, due to its role in wound healing. Though PRP is being used over a long time, there is still confusion over proper terminology to define, classify and describe the different variations of platelet concentrates. There is also a wide variation in the reported protocols for standardization and preparation of PRP, in addition to lack of accurate characterization of the tested products in most articles on the topic. Additionally, the high cost of commercially available PRP kits, precludes its use over a larger population. In this article, we review the principles and preparation methods of PRP based on available literature and place our perspective in standardizing a safe, simple protocol that can be followed to obtain an optimal consistent platelet yield.
A vector that uses phage signals for efficient synthesis of proteins in Escherichia coli. (1983)

I have developed a plasmid vector pCQV2 for high-level expression of proteins in E. coli. The plasmid contains a very strong promoter and translation start point from bacteriophage lambda, and a restriction endonuclease site in which a gene may be placed under control of these initiation signals. The plasmid also contains the gene for a temperature-sensitive repressor of the lambda promoter, allowing 100-fold induction of protein expression. The vector pCQV2 has been used to synthesize SV40 small t antigen at the level of 5-10% of total E. coli protein, representing an order-of-magnitude improvement over previous methods.