gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A moving sound source tracking based on two successive algorithms (2009)

In this paper, we proposed a novel method for single moving sound source tracking based on two successive algorithms. Although the MUSIC (multiple signal classification) method is well-known as one of the best high resolution methods for the unmoving source, two serious difficulties occur regarding as computational costs to solve the problem when the MUSIC method is applied in such a situation. The first occurs at the signal subspace tracking, which requires the eigen-decomposition and thus needs the enormous computations. The second occurs at a peak search of the MUSIC spectrum function, which involve many complex multiplying operations. In the proposed method, the PAST algorithm is applied to track sequentially the signal subspace without the eigen-decomposition, and the IPLS algorithm is applied to search successively the peak of MUSIC spectrum. Several experimental results in actual room environments are shown to present that more accurate results equivalent to the MUSIC method can be obtained by the proposed method less computational costs than the MUSIC method.
A novel serum carbohydrate marker on mucin 5AC (2011)

The sugar antigen recognized by S121 MoAb is a new serum marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CCA.
Conjugation of Adenine Arabinoside 5'-Monophosphate to Arabinogalactan: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiviral Activity (1995)

A conjugate consisting of the antiviral nucleotide analogue adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate (araAMP, vidarabine monophosphate) and the naturally occurring polysaccharide arabinogalactan was synthesized. The conjugate consisted of 7.9 araAMP residues per molecule of arabinogalactan. The proposed structure of the conjugate was consistent with 13C NMR spectroscopic studies. Daily injections of the conjugate, at a dose of 3 mg of araAMP/kg, into woodchuck carriers of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) decreased serum levels of WHV DNA. A dose of 3 mg/kg of unconjugated araAMP was ineffective, while a higher dose of araAMP (15 mg/kg, 14 days) produced a drop in WHV DNA. After cessation of dosing with the conjugate, serum viral DNA levels remained depressed for 42 days. In contrast, after cessation of dosing with araAMP, WHV DNA rapidly returned to original levels.
Downregulation of miR-221/222 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide by regulating apoptosis independently of p53 status (2011)

A previous study showed that miR-221/222 can regulate cell apoptosis. p53 is a well known tumor suppressor which can influence the chemosensitivity of glioma cells. However, the effect of miR-221/222 in gliomas with different p53 status is unknown. Here, we demostrate that knockdown of miR-221/222 increases apoptosis in human gliomas of different p53 types (U251 cells, p53 mutant-type; LN308 cells, p53 null-type; and U87 cells, p53 wild-type). Furthermore, the effect of miR-221/22 caused no change of p53 expression in the glioma cells studied. In addition, when a specific siRNA against p53 was employed in U87 cells, no attenuation of apoptosis was found after knockdown of miR-221/222. Importantly, we found that As-miR-221/222-treated cells increased expression of Bax, cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and cleaved-caspase-3. Our results showed that low expression of miR-221/222 sensitized glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ); in addition, ectopic expression of PUMA by pcDNA-PUMA had a similar effect. Taken together, our study indicates that downregulated miR-221/222 can sensitize glioma cells to TMZ by regulating apoptosis independently of p53 status.
S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (2006)

Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules have been introduced as important proinflammatory factors of innate immunity. One example known for many years to be expressed in cells of myeloid origin are phagocytic S100 proteins, which mediate inflammatory responses and recruit inflammatory cells to sites of tissue damage. An emerging concept of pattern recognition involves the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in sensing not only pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) but also endogenous DAMPs, including S100 proteins. S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 are found at high concentrations in inflamed tissue, where neutrophils and monocytes belong to the most abundant cell types. They exhibit proinflammatory effects in vitro at concentrations found at sites of inflammation in vivo. Although S100A12 binds to RAGE, at least part of the proinflammatory effects of the S100A8/S100A9 complex depend upon interaction with other receptors. Because of the divergent expression patterns, the absence of S100A12 in rodents, the different interaction partners described, and the specific intracellular and extracellular effects reported for these proteins, it is important to differentiate between distinct S100 proteins rather than subsuming them with the term "S100/calgranulins." Analyzing the molecular basis of the specific effects exhibited by these proteins in greater detail bears the potential to elucidate important mechanisms of innate immunity, to establish valid biomarkers of phagocytic inflammation, and eventually to reveal novel targets for innovative anti-inflammatory therapies.
Polymorphisms of the Endothelin-1 Gene Associate with Hypertension in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2008)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associates with excess cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Hypertension, a highly prevalent entity in RA, has been associated with the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene locus (EDN1) in some groups, such as Afro-Caribbean, the obese, and in low-renin states, but not in the general population as a whole. High levels of plasma ET-1 have been observed in RA. This study evaluated the potential association of EDN1 gene locus and serum ET-1 levels with hypertension in patients with RA. Genomic DNA and serum samples were collected from 397 well-characterized RA patients; DNA was also available from 401 local general population controls without RA. To explore the overall relevance of EDN1, two suitable single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1800541 and rs5370, were selected and haplotype analysis was performed. Both SNPs were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis. Genetic analysis was related to hypertension as dichotomous trait and to blood pressure indices as continuous variables. Serum endothelin levels were also assessed in the RA patients. No genotype or haplotype differences were observed between RA and control subjects. Within RA, logistic regression analysis of each SNP separately revealed a threefold increase in the adjusted odds of being hypertensive of rs5370 TT homozygotes compared to GG homozygotes (OR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.02 to 8.19). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, haplotype analysis revealed an additive effect of the rs1800541-rs5370 T-T haplotype on hypertension (OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.28 to 6.86; p = .011), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (beta = 6.75 +/- 2.57 mm Hg; p = .009), and pulse pressure (PP) (beta = 4.37 +/- 2.12 mm Hg; p = .040). There was an increased prevalence of raised ET-1 levels amongst hypertensive RA patients, whereas a similar trend was observed for T-T haplotype carriers. RA patients who carry the rs1800541-rs5370 T-T EDN1 haplotype appear more likely to be hypertensive with an increased SBP and PP. These findings, if replicated in future studies, could be used as a screening tool for RA patients at increased hypertension, and thus cardiovascular, risk.
Absorption and scattering of light by small particles (1983)

BASIC THEORY. Electromagnetic Theory. Absorption and Scattering by an Arbitrary Particle. Absorption and Scattering by a Sphere. Particles Small Compared with the Wavelength. Rayleigh--Gans Theory. Geometrical Optics. A Potpourri of Particles. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK MATTER. Classical Theories of Optical Constants. Measured Optical Properties. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLES. Extinction. Surface Modes in Small Particles. Angular Dependence of Scattering. A Miscellany of Applications. Appendices. References. Index.
Histamine as a Neuroregulator (1986)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Functional Integration of Electrically Active Cardiac Derivatives From Genetically Engineered Human Embryonic Stem Cells With Quiescent Recipient Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (2004)

We conclude that electrically active, hESC-derived CMs are capable of actively pacing quiescent, recipient, ventricular CMs in vitro and ventricular myocardium in vivo. Our results may lead to an alternative or a supplemental method for correcting defects in cardiac impulse generation, such as cell-based pacemakers.
Association of growth differentiation factor 11/8, putative anti-ageing factor, with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in humans: analysis of the Heart and Soul and HUNT3 cohorts (2015)

In patients with stable ischaemic heart disease, higher GDF11/8 levels are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and death. Our findings suggest that GDF11/8 has similar cardioprotective properties in humans to those demonstrated in mice.
High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Accelerates and Enhances the Clinical Response to Antidepressants in Major Depression (2013)

HF-rTMS is a promising strategy for accelerating clinical response to antidepressants in major depression, providing clinically meaningful benefits that are comparable to those of other agents such as triiodothyronine and pindolol. Furthermore, HF-rTMS seems to be an acceptable treatment for depressed subjects.
Consensus Guidelines for Managing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (2003)

We present evidence-based guidelines developed by an international panel of experts for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Single amino acid substitution in the mouse IgG1 Fc region induces drastic enhancement of the affinity to protein A (2003)

The purification of monoclonal antibody sometimes requires a lot of time and involves complicated steps because of the poorer ability of mouse IgG to interact with protein A, or also with protein G, than IgGs from other species such as those of human and rabbit. To resolve this problem, we exchanged one or two amino acid residues of mouse IgG Fc region with that of human IgG. Three mutants (T252M, T254S and T252M-T254S) showed significant improvement in the affinity to protein A. The exchange of the threonine 252 residue to methionine (T252M) was most efficient. This result suggests that a direct and simple modification allows the efficient purification of monoclonal antibody and of fusion protein containing mouse IgG Fc region.
Spoken-Language Access to Multimedia (SLAM) : a multimodal interface to the World-Wide Web (1995)

The World-Wide Web (WWW), a global networked information sytem based on hypertext, has become extremely popular since it became available in 1992. Inorder to improve the ease of access to the information available on the WWW, as well as to give increased exposure to spoken language systmes, we developed Spoken Language Access to Multimedia (SLAM), aspoken language extension to the graphical user interface of the World-Wide Web browser Mosaic. Although other reserach ahs been conducted on speech interfaces to hypertext, including speech interfaces to the WWW, SLAM differs in some key ways. For one, SLAM uses the complementary modalities of spoken language and direct manipulation to improce this interface to information on the Internet. Also, SLAM makes the advantages of spoken language systems available to a wider audience by providing a recognition server available remotely across a network. This thesis describes previous work related to SLAM, particularly in the area s of multimodality and speech interfaces to hypertext and hypermedia systems, including speech access to the WWW. This thesis also examines the issues and architecture of what is believed to be the first spoken-language interface to the WWW to be easily run across platforms.
Multiple-Layer Alloy Plating (1994)

Abstract Multiple-layer alloy electrodeposition involves the formation of an inhomogeneous alloy consisting of lamellae of different composition. This article reviews the process description, engineering parameters, characterization, and applications of multiple-layer alloys. Pulsed-current plating and pulsed-potential plating are also discussed.
Eager for better migraine therapies (2014)

Pharmacologic therapies for migraine have traditionally been divided into 2 broad and distinct categories.1–3 Acute treatments are given at the time of a migraine attack to relieve pain and restore function. Preventive treatments are usually taken on a daily basis to reduce the frequency of headaches. Conventional wisdom suggests that the drugs used as acute treatments (i.e., triptans, ergot alkaloids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) differ from the drugs used as preventive treatments (antiepilepsy drugs, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antidepressants) in mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic profiles, and patterns of use. Some acute treatments, particularly opioids and barbiturates, if used too often, might lead to worsening of headaches in a process variously conceptualized as transformation, chronification, or the development of medication overuse headache.4
In vivo metabolism of a mutant form of apolipoprotein A-I, apo A-IMilano, associated with familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. (1993)

Apo A-IMilano is a mutant form of apo A-I in which cysteine is substituted for arginine at amino acid 173. Subjects with apo A-IMilano are characterized by having low levels of plasma HDL cholesterol and apo A-I. To determine the kinetic etiology of the decreased plasma levels of the apo A-I in these individuals, normal and mutant apo A-I were isolated, radiolabeled with either 125I or 131I, and both types of apo A-I were simultaneously injected into two normal control subjects and two subjects heterozygous for apo A-IMilano. In the normal subjects, apo A-IMilano was catabolized more rapidly than the normal apo A-I (mean residence times of 5.11 d for normal apo A-I vs. 3.91 d for apo A-IMilano), clearly establishing that apo A-IMilano is kinetically abnormal and that it has a shortened residence time in plasma. In the two apo A-IMilano subjects, both types of apo A-I were catabolized more rapidly than normal (residence times ranging from 2.63 to 3.70 d) with normal total apo A-I production rates (mean of 10.3 vs. 10.4 mg/kg per d in the normal subjects). Therefore, in the subjects with apo A-IMilano, the decreased apo A-I levels are caused by rapid catabolism of apo A-I and not to a decreased production rate, and the abnormal apo A-IMilano leads to the rapid catabolism of both the normal and mutant forms of apo A-I in the affected subjects.
Incident angle dependence of nanogap size in suspended carbon nanotube shadow lithography (2004)

Suspended nanotubes or nanowires can be used in line-of-sight depositions to produce nanometre-scale lines. Reported here is the experimental quantification of line-of-sight shadow widths for multiwalled carbon nanotubes that are suspended (400 nm) over a silicon nitride (Si3N4) membrane (transmission electron microscopy) TEM grid by a lithographically defined resist line array. Aluminium evaporation was performed at incident angles of 0.7°–2.0° by use of the slit (0.81 mm diameter). Shadow widths and carbon nanotube diameters were directly observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Observed gaps were less (0–7 nm) than that predicted from simple line-of-sight geometry. Thus, surface migration assisted by the momentum of incident metal evaporant may be an important mechanism in nanoscale shadow lithography processes.
New Lenses For Microlithography (1980)

Giving the imaging bundle of rays two substantial bulges makes it possible to design 10x reduction lenses with large aperture and field size for microlithography without using high index glasses with poor transmission.
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Protect Against Amyloid-β Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Neurons (2010)

The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, MitoQ and SS31, and the anti-aging agent resveratrol on neurons from a mouse model (Tg2576 line) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and on mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells incubated with the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide. Using electron and confocal microscopy, gene expression analysis, and biochemical methods, we studied mitochondrial structure and function and neurite outgrowth in N2a cells treated with MitoQ, SS31, and resveratrol, and then incubated with Abeta. In N2a cells only incubated with the Abeta, we found increased expressions of mitochondrial fission genes and decreased expression of fusion genes and also decreased expression of peroxiredoxins. Electron microscopy of the N2a cells incubated with Abeta revealed a significantly increased number of mitochondria, indicating that Abeta fragments mitochondria. Biochemical analysis revealed that function is defective in mitochondria. Neurite outgrowth was significantly decreased in Abeta-incubated N2a cells, indicating that Abeta affects neurite outgrowth. However, in N2a cells treated with MitoQ, SS31, and resveratrol, and then incubated with Abeta, abnormal expression of peroxiredoxins and mitochondrial structural genes were prevented and mitochondrial function was normal; intact mitochondria were present and neurite outgrowth was significantly increased. In primary neurons from amyloid-beta precursor protein transgenic mice that were treated with MitoQ and SS31, neurite outgrowth was significantly increased and cyclophilin D expression was significantly decreased. These findings suggest that MitoQ and SS31 prevent Abeta toxicity, which would warrant the study of MitoQ and SS31 as potential drugs to treat patients with AD.
Systemic autoimmune disorders in celiac disease (2006)

The current literature did not clearly establish which of the two theories explain the comorbidity between celiac disease and other autoimmune disorders. There is, however, growing evidence that the loss of the intestinal barrier function typical of celiac disease could be responsible of the onset of other autoimmune disease. This concept implies that the autoimmune response can be theoretically stopped and perhaps reversed if the interplay between autoimmune predisposing genes and trigger(s) is prevented or eliminated by a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Antisense effects in the cell nucleus: modification of splicing. (2001)

The surprisingly small number of human genes, which has recently been estimated to be approximately 30,000, suggests that RNA processing, and in particular alternative RNA splicing, is in large part responsible for the diversity of gene products in human and mammalian cells. The ability to manipulate alternative splicing using antisense oligonucleotides, as demonstrated in several studies during the past year, makes it an important and attractive approach to altering gene expression. A review of these studies leads to the conclusion that antisense oligonucleotides, whether designed to affect the cytoplasmic mRNA or nuclear pre-mRNA, function predominantly in the nucleus and not the cytoplasm.
A phase IB clinical trial with Dekavil (F8-IL10), an immunoregulatory 'armed antibody' for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, used in combination wiIh methotrexate. (2014)

A therapeutic strategy based on the selective delivery of an immunoregulatory cytokine to the sites of inflammatory disease has been developed. Dekavil is an ‘armed antibody’, composed of the human F8 antibody (specific to the EDA domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis) fused to the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), enabling delivery and accumulation of the cytokine at sites of disease [1,2]. A Phase Ib clinical trial is now underway, which features the administration of weekly escalating doses (6, 15, 30, 60, 110, 160, 210 and 300 μg/kg) of Dekavil in combination with a fixed dose of methotrexate (MTX) to cohorts of three to six rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have previously failed at least one line of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. This is not a placebo-controlled trial. The objective is to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended dose (RD) of the combined treatment, to study safety and tolerability, and to obtain preliminary therapeutic information. The treatment is given as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection for up to 8 weeks. As of today, 24 patients have received at least one drug administration of F8IL10, from dose levels of between 6 and 300 μg/kg, in combination with MTX, and were therefore evaluable for safety. No dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), serious adverse events (SAEs), or Serious unexpected suspected adverse reactions (SUSARs) have been recorded. No MTD has been reached. The dose level of 300 μg/kg is currently being used. Twelve of 24 treated patients reported mild reactions at the injection sites. A single systemic adverse reaction, progressive anemia, was reported in one patient treated with the 160 μg/kg dose level. All adverse reactions recorded resolved after the end of treatment with little to no therapeutic interventions. Initial signs of therapeutic benefit have been observed in the treated patients, even at the low drug dosages of the initial steps of the dose escalation. Overall, 15 of 23 patients evaluable for efficacy have experienced therapeutic benefit (in terms of American College of Rheumatology responses). Among these, 15 patients experienced ACR 20 response, 7 experienced ACR 50 response, and 3 achieved ACR 70 response (15 μg/kg, 30 μg/kg and 60 μg/kg cohorts). Variation in the duration of the response was observed. Of note, two patients in the 30 μg/kg cohort and in the 60 μg/kg cohort achieved long-lasting remission (ACR 70 maintained in excess of one year from the last study drug administration). The promising safety data, together with preliminary positive signs of activity, suggest that the targeted delivery of IL-10 to the sites of inflammation may be beneficial to patients with RA with a possibility for a long-lasting therapeutic potential. These results warrant future clinical investigations in dedicated randomized trials.
Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism (2011)

NCT01225198.
In situ investigation of Fas/FasL expression in chronic hepatitis B infection and related liver diseases (1997)

To evaluate Fas/FasL expression in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease, liver biopsies from 44 such cases were studied immunohistochemically. FasL was detected in the infiltrating lymphocytes and both FasL and Fas were found in the hepatocytes. The Fas and FasL-positive cells were mostly found at the advancing edges of interphase hepatitis, and Fas/FasL expression was closely correlated with the inflammatory activity. Unexpectedly, FasL was also expressed in liver cirrhotic nodules, particularly in those with hepatocellular carcinoma with or without inflammation. These results suggest that the factors which induce hepatocyte transformation might also trigger FasL expression and promote FasL/Fas-mediated apoptosis.