gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-mediated delivery of Sema3A alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in a serum-transfer induced mouse model (2017)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovium and destruction of cartilage and bone. Macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and osteoclasts are critical cells driving the pathogenesis of RA. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is recently identified as an essential player in the bone homeostasis, however its role in RA progression especially in the macrophage polarization are poorly understood. In the present study, we found that Sems3A levels were significantly decreased in RA serum and synovial fluid compared to OA controls. There was a negative correlation between Sema3A levels and RA severity. Using <i>in vitro</i> cell cultures, we showed for the first time that Sema3A promoted IL-4 induced M2 macrophage polarization, whereas prohibited LPS/IFN-γ induced M1 polarization. Sema3A inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cells proliferation and migration, suppressed VEGF-mediated invasion and IL-6 production of FLS while stimulating their apoptosis. In addition, Sema3A retarded osteoclastogenesis. <i>In vivo</i> data demonstrated that Sema3A administration attenuated joint tissue damage and the severity of experimental arthritis. Our findings uncovered Sema3A as a promising diagnostic biomarker and novel prevention and treatment strategies in arthritis treatment.
Enolase isozymes as markers for differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms' tumor. (1984)

Enolase isozymes (alpha, beta and gamma enolases) in the extracts of pediatric tumors (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms' tumor) were determined by means of enzyme immunoassay systems. All tumor tissues examined contained alpha enolase at high levels (2070-19100 ng/mg protein). The beta and gamma enolases were present at high levels particularly in rhabdomyosarcoma (886 +/- 750 ng/mg protein) and (ganglio)neuroblastoma (2060 +/- 890 ng/mg protein), respectively. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed these results. Serum levels of these enolase isozymes were also determined in pediatric tumor patients. Before treatment, a serum sample from a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma contained a high level of beta enolase and serum samples from patients with (ganglio)neuroblastoma contained high levels of gamma enolase. However, the levels of serum beta and gamma enolases were low in patients with Wilms' tumor. The elevated level of beta or gamma enolase in serum from rhabdomyosarcoma or (ganglio)neuroblastoma patients was markedly decreased after adequate treatment (operation, chemotherapy or radiation). The results indicated that the enolase isozymes are useful marker antigens for differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Lyophilization and the Thermostability of Vaccines (2002)

Currently, vaccines are developed as either lyophilized or aqueous formulations; however, the inherent lack of vaccine thermostability requires storage at subambient temperatures. In the developing world, meeting these storage requirements can be difficult, and, as a result, vaccines are often exposed to temperatures that cause losses in vaccine efficacy. The current lack of vaccines that possess sufficient thermostability is therefore a significant barrier to global vaccination efforts. Although lyophilization and stabilizing excipients have conferred marginal stability on many vaccines, the development of adequately thermostable vaccines has historically been hindered by the inherent lability and complex nature of vaccine entities. Thus, with few exceptions, reasons for vaccine activity loss are not well understood. This review describes common mechanisms of vaccine component degradation, as well as methods used to stabilize vaccines with particular emphasis on lyophilization. The application of biophysical techniques to characterize complex vaccine components and their potential role in the future development of more thermostable vaccines is also discussed.
Plasma DNA as a Prognostic Marker in Trauma Patients (2000)

Plasma DNA is increased after trauma and may be a potentially valuable prognostic marker for these patients.
The isolation and characterization of a specific antibody population directed against the prothrombin activation fragments F2 and F1 + 2. (1979)

We have raised antisera against human prothrombin activation fragment F2 in rabbits and have chromatographed the respective immunoglobulin G fractions on prothrombin-Sepharose, Pr1-Sepharose, and F2-Sepharose immunoadsorbents. The specific antibody population obtained was utilized to construct a double antibody radioimmunoassay capable of measuring as little as 0.8 ng/ml of this component. Our studies suggest that the immunoreactive site defined by this antibody population is most probably located within the negatively charged COOH-terminal region of F2. The immunologic expression of this area is unaffected by denaturation or reduction-alkylation of F2 as well as by attachment of polypeptide to the NH2-terminal of this component. However, the presence of covalently bound polypeptide at the COOH-terminal of F2 reduces its immunologic reactivity by 300- to 400-fold. Prothrombin, Pr1, and Pr*1, which contain the F2 region as part of their covalent structure, are at least 4000 to 7000 times less immunoreactive than F2 on a molar basis. Conversion of these components to thrombin as well as activation fragments generates the theoretically predicted level of immunoreactivity. Masking of the immunoreactive site within these zymogens is due to two phenomena. Firstly, covalent attachment of polypeptides on the COOH-terminal of the F2 segment significantly depresses the reactivity of this region. Secondly, a critical S--S bridge aids in the sequenstration of the immunoreactive site. This cross-link may facilitate interactions between the COOH-terminal of the F2 segment and other regions of the zymogen.
Tele-impedance control of virtual system with visual feedback to verify adaptation of unstable dynamics during reach-to-point tasks (2016)

Over the past few decades, robot actuators with variable stiffness or impedance control have been developed. This control adjusts the stiffness of the task space of joint space, enabling the robot to perform explosive tasks and to interact with environments and humans. However, planning the robot stiffness is a difficult task, except in a few optimal control problems, such as maximizing the output speed or distance, which can be solved analytically. We propose that humans can program robot stiffness by a technique called tele-impedance control, which transfers the stiffness and equilibrium points of electromyogram and position sensors from a human operator, respectively. However, tele-impedance control allows only visual feedback between a robot and an operator. Therefore, we first verify whether a human operator can adapt the stiffness under unstable dynamics during a reach-to-point task. In two types of experiments, the operator adapted to the unstable dynamics and generated a stiffness trajectory that effectively and efficiently completed the task.
Schaum's Outline of Feedback and Control Systems (1990)

From the Publisher:
If you want top grades and thorough understanding of feedback and control systemsboth analog and digitalin less study time,this powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have! It takes you step-by-step through the subject and gives you accompanying problems with fully worked solutionsplus hundreds of additional problems with answers at the end of chapters,so you can measure your progress. You also get the benefit of clear,detailed illustrations. Famous for their clarity,wealth of illustrations and examplesand lack of tedious detailSchaum's Outlines have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide. This guide will show you why!
Master feedback and control systems with Schaum's­­the high-performance study guide. It will help you cut study time,hone problem-solving skills,and achieve your personal best on exams! Students love Schaum's Outlines because they produce results. Each year,hundreds of thousands of students improve their test scores and final grades with these indispensable study guides. Get the edge on your classmates. Use Schaum's!
If you don't have a lot of time but want to excel in class,this book helps you:

Brush up before tests Find answers fast Study quickly and more effectively Get the big picture without spending hours poring over lengthy textbooks 


Schaum's Outlines give you the information your teachers expect you to know in a handy and succinct format­­without overwhelming you with unnecessary details. You get a complete overview of the subject. Plus,you get plenty of practice exercises to test your skill. Compatible with any classroom text,Schaum's let you study atyour own pace and remind you of all the important facts you need to remember­­fast! And Schaum's are so complete,they're perfect for preparing for graduate or professional exams. 
Inside,you will find:

700 fully solved problems Hundreds of additional practice problems,with answers supplied Clear explanations of both continuous (analog) and discrete (digital) systems Concise help with the math you need throughout the course,including examples More about control systems than most textbooks 


If you want top grades and thorough understanding of feedback and control systems,this powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have!
Chapters include:

Introduction Control Systems Terminology Differential Equations and Linear Systems The LaPlace Transform and the Z-Transform Stability Transfer Functions Block Diagram Algebra and Transfer Functions of Systems Signal Flow Graphs System Sensitivity Measures and Classification of Feedback Systems Analysis and Design of Feedback Control Systems: Objectives and Methods Nquist Analysis Nyquist Design Root-Locus Analysis Root-Locus Design Bode Analysis Bode Design Nichols Chart Analysis Nichols Chart Design Introduction to Nonlinear Control Systems Introduction to Advanced Topics in Control Systems Analysis and Design
Sacral neurostimulation and neuromodulation in urological practice (2000)

The problems associated with treating various forms of lower tract dysfunction by electrical stimulation are reflected in the many years of basic and clinical research in this area. However, better understanding of both neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and development of new technologies have led to further application of electrical current to restore impaired bladder function. Contemporary knowledge of the potential for both sacral neurostimulation and neuromodulation as a therapeutic option for lower urinary tract dysfunction is reviewed.
Associations Between Age-Related Nuclear Cataract and Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Diet and Serum in the Carotenoids in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative (2008)

Diets rich in lutein and zeaxanthin are moderately associated with decreased prevalence of nuclear cataract in older women. However, other protective aspects of such diets may in part explain these relationships.
Relevance of the immunoglobulin VH somatic mutation status in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) or related chemoimmunotherapy regimens (2008)

Although immunoglobulin V(H) mutation status (IgV(H) MS) is prognostic in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who are treated with alkylating agents or single-agent fludarabine, its significance in the era of chemoimmunotherapy is not known. We determined the IgV(H) somatic mutation status (MS) in 177 patients enrolled in a phase 2 study of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) and in 127 patients treated with subsequent chemoimmunotherapy protocols. IgV(H) MS did not impact significantly on the complete remission (CR) rate of patients receiving FCR or related regimens. However, CR duration was significantly shorter in patients with CLL that used unmutated IgV(H) than those whose CLL used mutated IgV(H) (TTP 47% vs 82% at 6 years, P < .001). In a multivariate model considering all baseline characteristics, IgV(H) MS emerged as the only determinant of remission duration (hazard ratio 3.8, P < .001). Our results suggest that postremission interventions should be targeted toward patients with unmutated IgV(H) status.
ChemInform Abstract: Carotenoid Synthesis: A Progress Report (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Minimal Disease Detection and Confirmation in Hematologic Malignancies: Combining Cell Sorting with Clonality Profiling (2006)

The described method integrating 2 technologies allows genotypic confirmation of an aberrant population detected by immunophenotype to increase diagnostic certainty. This strategy provides a sensitive tool for disease monitoring without the need for patient-specific primer design and assay optimization required for quantitative PCR analysis.
Reed-Solomon Codes and the Compact Disc (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Description of the Compact Disc System EFM Recording Code The CIRC Code The Art of Interleaving This chapter contains sections titled: References
Pedicle Screw Placement Using Image Guided Techniques (1998)

Clinical evaluation of a computer assisted spine surgical system is presented. Eighty pedicle screws were inserted using computer assisted technology in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae for treatment of different types of disorders including fractures, spondylolisthesis, and scoliosis. Fifty-two patients with severe fractures, spondylolisthesis, or pseudoarthrosis of T10 to L5 were treated using a computer assisted technique on 1/2 the patients and performing the screw insertion manually for the other 1/2. At the same time, 28 pedicle screws were inserted in T12 to L4 vertebrae for scoliosis with the help of the computer assisted technique. Surgery was followed in all cases (66 vertebrae; 132 pedicle screws) by postoperative radiographs and computed tomographic examination, on which measurements of screw position relative to pedicle position could be done. For fractures, spondylolisthesis, or pseudarthrosis, comparison between the two groups showed that four screws in 52 (8%) vertebrae had incorrect placement with computer assisted technique whereas 22 screws in 52 (42%) vertebrae had incorrect placement with manual insertion. In patients with scoliosis, four screws in 28 (14%) vertebrae had incorrect placement. In all of the patients (132 pedicle screws) there were no neurologic complications. These results show that a computer assisted technique is much more accurate and safe than manual insertion.
Exploring multidrug resistance using rhodamine 123. (1989)

Accumulation of the dye rhodamine 123 was characterized by fluorescence in murine leukemia P388 cells and the Adriamycin-resistant subline, P388/ADR. Dye uptake by P388 cells was a slow, temperature-sensitive process, and involved binding at relatively hydrophobic and heterogeneous loci. Dye uptake by P388/ADR cells was temperature-insensitive, a steady state was quickly achieved, and the fluorescence emission spectrum suggested a relatively hydrophilic dye-binding site. Treatment of P388/ADR cells with verapamil resulted in enhanced accumulation of dye at hydrophobic loci. The fluorescence studies suggest that this dye may not reach the cytoplasm of P388/ADR cells, a result which may have implications with regard to the mechanism of multidrug resistance.
Interplay of J chain and disulfide bonding in assembly of polymeric IgM (1997)

Normal mouse IgM is synthesized as hexamers in the absence of J chain and as pentamers in its presence. Previous work has suggested that polymer size is also closely related to formation of the inter-mu chain disulfide bond mediated by cysteine 414, one of three cysteines involved in inter-mu chain bonding. This correlation in turn suggested that formation of C414-C414 might be required for J chain to influence how IgM assembles and that formation of C414-C414 might affect the J chain/IgM stoichiometry. To test such hypotheses we have used cell lines which either expressed or did not express J chain to produce IgM in which serine was substituted for C414. In contrast to the case of IgM assembled from normal mu chains, IgM-S414 was secreted mostly as pentamers and tetramers but not as hexamers, irrespective of J chain synthesis. These results indicate that the role of J chain as modulator of IgM structure and function requires C414. Moreover, a more detailed analysis of the structure of J-plus and J-minus IgM-S414 revealed that J chain, in fact, influenced the nature of secreted IgM-S414: In the absence of J chain, some IgM-S414 was secreted as dimers and trimers, while in the presence of J chain, some IgM was secreted as non-covalently assembled pentamers. These results imply that disulfide bonding can occur differently from the pattern depicted in conventional models of IgM structure.
Thread-based vs event-based implementation of a group communication service (2002)

We evaluate two techniques to implement concurrent events in a group communication service. This evaluation is based on a comparison of the performance measured from two different implementations of a group communication service, and our experience in using the two techniques to implement group communication services in the past. Our conclusion is that an event-based implementation is preferable to a thread-based implementation of a group communication service.
A remote supervisory system based on subcarrier overmodulation for submarine optical amplifier systems (1996)

A supervisory (SV) signal transmission scheme for long haul optical amplifier systems is described. The scheme is based on subcarrier overmodulation of the line signal and features simple configuration; due to the use of EDFA gain modulation, no additive optical components are required in a submarine repeater to transmit a response signal. This paper discusses the subcarrier modulation index and frequency used for the SV signaling, the most significant design parameters. The dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the modulation index in SV signal transmission is analyzed to clarify the modulation index value required for reliable SV signaling. In addition, the line signal impairment caused by subcarrier overmodulation is also analyzed to show the system's in-service feasibility. The subcarrier frequencies used for command and response signal transmission are discussed from the experimental results on the frequency response of an optical amplifier system and EDFA gain modulation efficiency.
Comparison of Methods for Isolating Exosomes from Bovine Milk (2012)

Four methods were evaluated for isolating exosomes from bovine milk: (1) ExoQuick precipitation, (2) ultracentrifugation with ExoQuick precipitation, (3) ultracentrifugation with density gradient centrifugation, and (4) human milk exosome isolation. Methods 1 and 4 failed due to differences between bovine and human milk. Exosomes were efficiently isolated by ultracentrifugation with either ExoQuick precipitation (method 2) or density gradient centrifugation (method 3). The highest yield of exosomes was achieved using ultracentrifugation with ExoQuick precipitation, whereas higher quality exosome isolation with intact morphological structures was achieved by ultracentrifugation with density gradient centrifugation.
IL-2 and TNF receptors as targets of regulatory T-T interactions: isolation and characterization of cytokine receptor-reactive T cell lines in the Lewis rat (1996)

T cells are considered to be of prime importance in immune regulation of both B and T cell functions. The targets of recognition in T-T cell interactions are not clear. Most recent experimental work has focused on the idiotypic regulatory interactions mediated by TCR peptides. There is experimental evidence that regulatory cells exist that do not recognize the TCR. This type of regulation is selectively induced by activated T cells. Therefore, we designed this study to examine the possible role of cytokine receptors as targets of immune regulation. We tested two peptides of IL-2R alpha-chain, 2 of IL-2R beta-chain, and one of TNFR (p60). All peptides were found to be immunogenic at inducing T cell proliferation and four induced Abs in Lewis rats. We generated T cell lines to these five peptides, and tested them both in vitro and in vivo. We found that the T cells exhibited a proliferative response when cultured with activated, irradiated stimulator cells that were augmented upon addition of the cytokine receptor peptide. The cytokine profile of the lines was characterized as well as the Vbeta gene composition. One of the lines significantly protected against active encephalomyelitis. These results point at cytokine receptors as possible targets of immune regulation and T-T cell interactions.
BIDIRECTIONS OF INTESTINAL BARRIER PERMEABILITY, CELLULAR MEMBRANE SYSTEM INTEGRITY, PROTEINASE INHIBITORS, AND CELL DEATH AFTER INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION IN RATS (1997)

Andersson, R; Sun, Z W; Deng, X D; Wojar, R; Lasson, A; Johansson, E; Wang, X D Author Information
Does Imiquimod Histologically Rejuvenate Ultraviolet Radiation–Damaged Skin? (2007)

BACKGROUND Imiquimod (IMI) 5% is believed by some to result in an improved cosmetic appearance of chronically ultraviolet radiation (UV)-damaged skin. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine what histologic and immunohistologic changes were present in actinically damaged skin after treatment with IMI. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pre- and posttherapy biopsies of 12 patients with histories of actinic keratoses were evaluated with routine histology and immunohistochemical stains including p53, p63, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), c-kit, and Factor XIIIa. RESULTS After IMI therapy there was less compact hyperkeratosis, a more uniform rete ridge pattern with a more ordered proliferation of the epidermis, and a decrease in sun-damaged melanocytes. The papillary dermis showed a more uniform cellularity, and there was increased cellularity within the area of solar elastosis. After therapy, staining for p53, p63, and PCNA was decreased within the epidermis; staining for c-kit was decreased but more uniform in the basal cell; and Factor XIIIa expression was increased within the papillary dermis with a more ordered pattern of staining. CONCLUSION These morphologic and immunohistochemical patterns may explain some of the improvement in overall skin appearance after IMI therapy and may be related to the spectrum of signaling pathways induced by the imidazoquinolines.