gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Nonpolar Polyrotaxane Insulated Molecular Wires with High Solubility in Organic Solvents (2008)

Abstract Hydrophilic polyanionic conjugated polyrotaxanes are readily synthesized in water by Suzuki coupling, but their high polarity and ionic nature limit the potential applications of these materials. Here, we demonstrate three methods for transforming these polar polyelectrolytes into nonpolar lipophilic insulated molecular wires. A water‐soluble polyfluorene‐ alt ‐biphenylene β‐cyclodextrin (CD) polyrotaxane was converted into nonpolar derivatives by methylation of the carboxylic acid groups with diazomethane and conversion of the hydroxyl groups of the CDs to benzyl ethers, trihexylsilyl ethers, benzoyl esters, and butanoate esters to yield polyrotaxanes that are soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and cyclohexane. Elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) data support the proposed structures of the organic‐soluble polyrotaxanes. The extents of reaction of the polyrotaxane CD hydroxyl groups were 55% for trihexylsilyl chloride/imidazole; 81% for benzyl chloride/sodium hydride; 72% for benzoyl chloride/pyridine/4‐dimethylaminopyridine; and 98% butanoic anhydride/pyridine/4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Alkylation, silylation, and esterification increase the bulk of the encapsulating sheath, preventing interstrand aggregation, increasing the photoluminescence efficiency in the solid state and simplifying the time‐resolved fluorescence decay. The organic‐soluble polyrotaxanes were processed into polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) from solution in nonpolar organic solvents, thereby excluding ionic impurities from the active layer.
Dispersion Pre-Compensation for PAM Transmission System Using 1-sample/symbol DAC and IQ Modulator (2015)

We propose a systematic scheme for flexible dispersion pre-compensation using 1-sample/symbol digital-to-analog converter and IQ modulator for PAM transmission system. Transmission of dispersion-pre-compensated 12-Gbaud 4-PAM signal over SSMF links up to 120km is successfully demonstrated.
Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis (2010)

Prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics has a beneficial effect in burns patients, but the methodological quality of the data is weak. As such prophylaxis is currently not recommended for patients with severe burns other than perioperatively, there is a need for randomised controlled trials to assess its use.
Effects of Oxygen Vacancy Order–Disorder Phase Transition on Air Separation by Perovskite Sorbents (2017)

Perovskite oxide sorbents offer promise for adsorption-based separation of air to produce an oxygen enriched stream. The oxygen desorption rate however should be further improved. This work studies the oxygen sorption properties of three La1–xSrxCo1–yFeyO3-δ (LSCF) perovskite oxides with and without oxygen vacancy disorder–order phase transition. The LSCF with lower iron content [La0.1Sr0.9Co0.9Fe0.1O3-δ (LSCF1991)] shows the highest sorption capacity in 500–800 °C. The material with disorder–order phase transition during desorption also exhibits enhanced oxygen desorption rate during the TGA measurement. However, in the fixed-bed desorption process, no obvious rate enhancement resulting from the disorder–order phase transition in oxygen desorption is observed for the LSCF1991 sorbent. The LSCF1991 sample in the fixed-bed quenched at 600 °C after 2 h of desorption shows occurrence of disorder–order phase transition for the perovskite sorbent in the fixed-bed environment. The difference in oxygen desorption rate observed between the fixed-bed process and the TGA experiment is due to much higher oxygen partial pressure in the gas surrounding the sorbent during the fixed-bed oxygen desorption process under which the disorder–order phase transition does not occur until the late stage of oxygen desorption.
Methods for the experimental functional assessment of rat sciatic nerve regeneration (2004)

In experimental peripheral nerve studies, the rat sciatic nerve model is widely used to examine functional changes after different surgical repairs or pharmacological treatments, following nerve injury. The number and diversity of tests which have been used to assess functional recovery after experimental interventions often makes it difficult to recommend any particular indicator of nerve regeneration. Functional assessment after sciatic nerve lesion has long been focused on walking track analysis, therefore, this article describes in more detail the method to obtain and measure the walking tracks in order to calculate the sciatic functional index (SFI). However, it is important to note that the validity of the SFI has been questioned by several researchers. In addition, the present review includes other traditional tests described in the experimental peripheral nerve literature regarding the rate of return of motor function and sensation, such as the extensor postural thrust (EPT), nociceptive function, and the gastrocnemius-soleus weight parameters. In the last decade, several authors have designed a series of sensitive quantitative methods to assess the recovery of hind limb locomotor function using computerized rat gait analysis. This study aims to review kinematic measures that can be gathered with this technology, including calculation of sciatic functional index, gait-stance duration, ankle kinematics and toe out angle (TOA). A combination of tests, each examining particular components of recovered sensorimotor function is recommended for an overall assessment of rat sciatic nerve regeneration.
Importin/karyopherin protein family members required for mRNA export from the nucleus (1997)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three proteins (Kap104p, Pse1p, and Kap123p) that share similarity to the 95-kDa beta subunit of the nuclear transport factor importin (also termed karyopherin and encoded by KAP95/RSL1 in yeast). Proteins that contain nuclear localization sequences are recognized in the cytoplasm and delivered to the nucleus by the heterodimeric importin complex. A second importin-related protein, transportin, delivers a subset of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) to the nucleoplasm. We now show that in contrast to loss of importin beta (Kap95p/Rsl1p) and transportin (Kap104p), conditional loss of Pse1p in a strain lacking Kap123p results in a specific block of mRNA export from the nucleus. Overexpression of Sxm1p, a protein related to Cse1p in yeast and to the human cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, relieves the defects of cells lacking Pse1p and Kap123p. Thus, a major role of Pse1p, Kap123p, and Sxm1p may be nuclear export rather than import, suggesting a symmetrical relationship between these processes.
Promoters of the rolA, B, and C Genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Are Differentially Regulated in Transgenic Plants (1989)

, Jeff Schell, Angelo Spena, Promoters of the rolA, B, and C Genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Are Differentially Regulated in Transgenic Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 7 (Jul., 1989), pp. 665-670
Zebrafish Semaphorin Z1a collapses specific growth cones and alters their pathway in vivo (1998)

The semaphorin/collapsin gene family encodes secreted and transmembrane proteins several of which can repulse growth cones. Although the in vitro activity of Semaphorin III/D/Collapsin 1 is clear, recent analyses of two different strains of semaphorin III/D/collapsin 1 knockout mice have generated conflicting findings. In order to clarify the in vivo action of this molecule, we analyzed sema Z1a, a zebrafish homolog of semaphorin III/D/collapsin 1. The expression pattern of sema Z1a suggested that it delimited the pathway of the growth cones of a specific set of sensory neurons, the posterior ganglion of the lateral line, in zebrafish. To examine the in vivo action of this molecule, we analyzed (1) the pathways followed by lateral line growth cones in mutants in which the expression of sema Z1a is altered in an interesting way, (2) response of lateral line growth cones to exogenous Sema Z1a in living embryos, and (3) the pathway followed by lateral line growth cones when Sema Z1a is misexpressed by cells along their normal route. The results suggest that a repulsive action of Sema Z1a helps guide the growth cones of the lateral line along their normal pathway.
Regulated expression of a cell division control-related protein kinase during development. (1991)

Protein kinases are important signaling molecules that are known constituents of cellular pathways critical for normal cellular growth and development. We have recently identified a new protein kinase, p58, which contains a large domain that is highly homologous to the cell division control p34cdc2 protein kinase. This new cell division control-related protein kinase was originally identified as a component of semipurified galactosyltransferase; thus, it has been denoted galactosyltransferase-associated protein kinase. In vitro, this protein kinase has been shown to phosphorylate a number of substrates, including histone H1, casein, and galactosyltransferase. In vivo, we have found that this protein kinase affects galactosyltransferase enzyme activity and that it is apparently involved in some aspect of normal cell cycle regulation. In this report, we find that the p58 gene is evolutionarily well conserved and expressed ubiquitously, but to varying extents, in adult tissues. In developmentally staged embryos, p58 expression was elevated early in embryogenesis and then decreased dramatically. In the murine submandibular gland, p58 expression was elevated between day 14 and day 16 post coitus. Expression in the submandibular gland appeared to parallel the proliferation and differentiation of specific cell types as judged by in situ hybridization. These studies indicate that the p58 protein kinase may have a critical function during normal embryonic development and that this protein kinase continues to be expressed in differentiated adult tissues.
Mode Conversion Caused by Diameter Changes of a Round Dielectric Waveguide (1969)

This paper presents the theory of mode conversion and radiation losses of the lowest order circular electric mode in a dielectric rod (fiber) waveguide and its confirmation by a microwave experiment. The theoretical results were obtained from a theory whose detailed development has been presented in an earlier paper. The microwave experiment was carried out at approximately 50 GHz. The optical fiber with imperfect walls was simulated by a teflon rod of 1 cm diameter and 1 m length with a periodically corrugated wall. Mode conversion was observed in excellent agreement with theory. The observed radiation losses are somewhat less than the prediction of the perturbation theory, but the agreement is quite good. The direction and width of the far-field radiation pattern was observed in agreement with theory.
Signaling pathways mediated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase/MAP kinase cascade (1994)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and its direct activator, MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), comprise the MAPKK/MAP kinase cascade, which may play a pivotal role in a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways from yeast to human. Vertebrate MAPKK, a dual-specificity kinase, is activated by serine phosphorylation catalyzed by upstream serine/threonine kinases, MAPKK kinases (MAPKK-Ks). MAPKK is, on the other hand, threonine phosphorylated by MAP kinase, although a physiological role of this MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of MAPKK is unknown. Biochemical fractionation of extracts from Xenopus mature oocytes revealed two major and one minor peaks for the MAPKK-K activity. One of the major peaks contained a proto-oncogene product c-Mos, while the other peaks did not. These observations, together with a recent finding that several MAPKK-Ks such as Raf-1 and MEKK may function within a cell, suggest a diversity of MAPKK-Ks. A variety of extracellular signals converge at the MAPKK/MAP kinase cascade through different MAPKK-Ks and elicit a wide spectrum of cellular responses. Therefore, mechanisms that control activation of the MAP kinase cascade temporally and spatially may be important for specification of cellular responses.
Near-field imaging of surface plasmon-polariton guiding in band gap structures at telecom wavelengths (2005)

Using a collection near-field microscope, we image interaction of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) excited locally at telecom wavelengths with periodic triangular arrays of gold bumps placed on gold film surfaces. We observe the inhibition of SPP propagation into the arrays within a certain wavelength range depending on their period and orientation, i.e., the band gap (BG) effect, as well as the SPP propagation along bent channels cut through these arrays. Prospects and challenges in realization of compact and efficient SPPBG waveguiding structures are discussed.
Fibrinogenolytic Substance (Hementerin) of Brazilian Blood-Sucking Leeches (<i>Haementeria lutz</i><i>i</i> Pinto 1920) (1975)

The fibrinogenolytic activity of the salivary gland extract from the Brazilian blood-sucking leech Haementeria lutzi Pinto 1920 is characterized. The substance, named here hementerin, is stable and active at very low protein concentration, does not exhibit direct proteolytic activity on casein, fibrinogen, or fibrin, and is able to activate the human plasma fibrinolytic system in the presence of a serum cofactor and/or calcium. This indirect activation mechanism distinguishes hementerin from hirudin and shows a similarity with streptokinase. The effect on blood coagulation tests is reported.
Photodynamic therapy for radiation maculopathy (2021)

Radiation retinopathy is progressive disorder with poor prognosis. PDT could be considered to treat radiation maculopathy.
New Treatments for Psoriasis (2001)

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that affects about 1 to 3 percent of persons throughout the world.1 Although most persons with plaque psoriasis have mild or moderate disease that affects small areas of the skin, some have extensive disease that is severe and difficult to treat. It is not known why some persons have severe disease and others have mild involvement.One theory of the pathogenesis of psoriasis is that it is primarily a disorder that involves the proliferation of keratinocytes, with secondary inflammation. Supporters of this concept have noted defects in cytokine expression, intracellular signaling, and polyamines, as . . .
Standardization of Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Literature Review and Geisinger Experience (2014)

This review article delineates some critical points in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases; reiterates some important questions, which may or may not have a consensus at this time; and updates the newly proposed guidelines on antibody validation from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Additionally, the article intends to share Geisinger's experience with (1) testing/optimizing a new antibody and troubleshooting; (2) interpreting and reporting immunohistochemistry assay results; (3) improving and implementing a total immunohistochemistry quality management program; and (4) developing best practices in immunohistochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Grignard‐Type Imine Additions via C—H Activation in Water and under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biological properties of dehydrated human amnion/chorion composite graft: implications for chronic wound healing (2013)

Human amnion/chorion tissue derived from the placenta is rich in cytokines and growth factors known to promote wound healing; however, preservation of the biological activities of therapeutic allografts during processing remains a challenge. In this study, PURION® (MiMedx, Marietta, GA) processed dehydrated human amnion/chorion tissue allografts (dHACM, EpiFix®, MiMedx) were evaluated for the presence of growth factors, interleukins (ILs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed on samples of dHACM and showed quantifiable levels of the following growth factors: platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), PDGF-BB, transforming growth factor α (TGFα), TGFβ1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), placental growth factor (PLGF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). The ELISA assays also confirmed the presence of IL-4, 6, 8 and 10, and TIMP 1, 2 and 4. Moreover, the relative elution of growth factors into saline from the allograft ranged from 4% to 62%, indicating that there are bound and unbound fractions of these compounds within the allograft. dHACM retained biological activities that cause human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. An in vivo mouse model showed that dHACM when tested in a skin flap model caused mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment to the site of implantation. The results from both the in vitro and in vivo experiments clearly established that dHACM contains one or more soluble factors capable of stimulating MSC migration and recruitment. In summary, PURION® processed dHACM retains its biological activities related to wound healing, including the potential to positively affect four distinct and pivotal physiological processes intimately involved in wound healing: cell proliferation, inflammation, metalloproteinase activity and recruitment of progenitor cells. This suggests a paracrine mechanism of action for dHACM when used for wound healing applications.
An architecture for a multimedia teleconferencing system (1986)

We present an object-oriented architecture for a computer-based, real-time, multimedia conferencing system. This architecture divides the system into five functional areas: a multimedia shared workspace, a user interface, conference management, communications, and an information base. The structure and operation of the first four areas are modeled with object-based concepts that address design requirements identified during the development of a proof-of-concept prototype, that preceded the architecture specification.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer: A Suitable Alternative to Routine Axillary Dissection in Multi-Institutional Practice When Optimal Technique Is Used (2000)

In multi-institutional practice, SLN biopsy using dual-agent injection provides optimal sensitivity for detection of nodal metastases. The acceptable SLN identification and false-negative rates associated with the dual-agent injection technique indicate that this procedure is a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection across a wide spectrum of surgical practice and hospital environments.
Modified Tapered Slot-line Antennas for Special Applications (2013)

Tapered slot-line antenna (TSA) is a well known printed end-fire antenna with traveling-wave feature. In order to further improve its performances and extend its functions, several techniques with patents were developed in SEU, and summarized in this article. Here include: grating-loaded TSA for gain enhancement, CPW back-fed TSA for broadening impedance bandwidth, asymmetric TSA structure for beam shaping and optimization, coupled TSA with hybrid network for monopulse beam forming. Both conceptual illumination and simulated/measured results are described.
Drug-induced pneumonitis: the role of methotrexate. (2001)

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist used in several chronic inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Pulmonary toxicity occurs in 0.5% to 14% of patients receiving low-dose MTX. Manifestations of pulmonary toxicity are protean and include parenchymal inflammation, pneumonia, airway hyperreactivity, air trapping and possibly neoplasm. We performed an exhaustive review of the English literature and identified 189 cases of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis (MIP). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the most frequent underlying disease. In most patients, symptoms present subacutely with progression over several weeks. Most patients present with dyspnea, dry cough, fever, and bibasilar crackles. Peripheral eosinophilia has been cited in one third of cases. The chest radiograph may be normal, but more commonly reveals bilateral interstitial or mixed, interstitial and alveolar infiltrates with a predilection for the bases. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrate ground-glass opacities, interstitial infiltrates, septal lines or widespread consolidation. Pulmonary function studies reveal a restrictive ventilatory defect and/or impaired gas exchange. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be helpful in ruling out an infectious etiology and in supporting the diagnosis of MIP. Cellular interstitial infiltrates, granulomas, fibrosis, atypical epithelial cells, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) are the main histologic features. Once MIP is suspected, the MTX should be withdrawn. Corticosteroids may accelerate resolution and are recommended in severe or fulminant cases. The prognosis of MIP is usually favorable, but occasionally the outcome may be fatal.
Tyrosine Kinase Activity of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Is Necessary for Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression (2002)

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions with collagen mediate cell migration during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) have been identified as novel collagen receptors. We used aortic SMCs from wild-type and DDR1(-/-) mice to evaluate the function of the DDR1 in regulating migration. DDR1(-/-) SMCs exhibited impaired attachment to and migration toward a type I collagen substrate. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities were concomitantly reduced in these cells. Transfection of a full-length cDNA for DDR1b rescued these deficits, whereas kinase-dead mutants of DDR1 restored attachment but not migration and MMP production. These results suggest that active DDR1 kinase is a central mediator of SMC migration.