gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral atorvastatin therapy restores cutaneous microvascular function by decreasing arginase activity in hypercholesterolaemic humans (2011)

Elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are associated with vascular dysfunction evident in the cutaneous microvasculature. We hypothesized that uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) through upregulated arginase contributes to cutaneous microvascular dysfunction in hyperocholesterolaemic (HC) humans and that a statin intervention would decrease arginase activity. Five microdialysis fibres were placed in the skin of nine normocholesterolaemic (NC: LDL level 95±4 mg dl⁻¹) and nine hypercholesterolaemic (HC: LDL: 177±6 mg dl⁻¹) men and women before and after 3 months of systemic atrovastatin. Sites served as control, NOS inhibited, arginase inhibited, L-arginine supplemented and arginase inhibited plus L-arginine supplemented. Skin blood flow was measured while local skin heating (42°C) induced NO-dependent vasodilatation. L-NAME was infused after the established plateau in all sites to quantify NO-dependent vasodilatation. Data were normalized to maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC(max)). Skin samples were obtained to measure total arginase activity and arginase I and arginase II protein. Vasodilatation was reduced in hyperocholesterolaemic subjects (HC: 76±2 vs. NC: 94±3%CVC(max), P < 0.001) as was NO-dependent vasodilatation (HC: 43±5 vs. NC: 62±4%CVC(max), P < 0.001). The plateau and NO-dependent vasodilatation were augmented in HC with arginase inhibition (92±2, 67±2%CVC(max), P < 0.001), L-arginine (93±2, 71±5%CVC(max), P < 0.001) and combined treatments (94±4, 65±5%CVC(max), P < 0.001) but not in NC. After statin intervention (LDL: 98±5 mg dl⁻¹) there was no longer a difference between control sites (88±4, 61±5%CVC(max)) and localized microdialysis treatment sites (all P > 0.05). Arginase activity and protein were increased in HC skin (P < 0.05 vs. NC) and activity decreased with atrovastatin treatment (P < 0.05). Reduced NOS3 substrate availability through upregulated arginase contributes to cutaneous microvascular dysfunction in hyperocholesterolaemic humans, which is corrected with atorvastatin therapy.
Radio transmission interface of the digital panEuropean mobile system (2003)

The author describes the radio interface format of the cellular pan-European public mobile communications system in the 900-MHz band. This format was selected after comparing experimental hardware based on different radio access techniques as well as different modulation and coding schemes. A description of the radio interface specification is also presented, together with the expected performance in terms of frequency reuse. Hardware results from measurements of a validation system built in France according to this specification are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptive TTL schemes for load balancing of distributed Web servers (1997)

With ever increasing web traffic, a distributed Web system can provide scalability and flexibility to cope with growing client demands. Load balancing algorithms to spread the load across multiple Web servers are crucial to achieve the scalability. Various domain name server (DNS) based schedulers have been proposed in the literature, mainly for multiple homogeneous servers. DNS provides (logical) host name to IP-address mapping (i.e., the server assignment), but the mapping is not done for each server access. This is because the address mapping is cached for a time-to-live (TTL) period to reduce network traffic. The presence of heterogeneous Web servers not only increases the complexity of the DNS scheduling problem, but also makes previously proposed algorithms for homogeneous distributed systems such as round robin not directly applicable. This leads us to propose new policies, called adaptive TTL algorithms, that take both the uneven distribution of client request rates and heterogeneity of Web servers into account to adaptively set the TTL value for each address mapping request. Extensive simulation results show that these strategies are effective in balancing load among geographically distributed heterogeneous Web servers.
White--bellied Crimson Finch (New Guinea Blood Finch) (1994)

Lere are two types of Crimson Finches (also called Blood Finch), the Black-bellied (Australian) and the White-bellied (New Guinea and Cape York). The Black-bellied comes from Australia and while it is being bred at the present time in Europe, we know of only five Black-bellied Crimson Finch in the United States at this time. The White-bellied comes from the Cape York Peninsula of Australia, and from southern New Guinea. The major difference between the two types is in the male birds and, as evi- denced by their respective names, the abdomen of one is black and on the other a cream color (not white). The males of both types are alike except for the abdomen. A written description does not do these birds justice, being a burgundy red on the back with bright red tail, secondary flight feathers being the same color as the back. It is a very attractive and very active finch. The first breeding that we are aware of in the U.S. was by john Vanderhoof in 1981. The birds that were bred at that time were dispersed and nothing more was seen of them. In 1992, a shipment of 200 birds came into a quarantine station in Los Angeles. This group of White-bellied Crimson Finch came from New Guinea. We obtained four pairs from this group of wildcaught birds. One pair promptly went to nest in an outdoor flight which contained several different species of finches and Australian Grass Parakeets, however this hen died of eggbinding at that time. It should be noted here that it appears that Crim- sons are prone to egg binding in cooler or cold weather. Since they will go to nest at any time of year, as our experiences indicate they have no set breeding season, this needs to be carefully monitored if you are breeding outdoors. Another pair was set up in a small planted flight (6' high x 3' wide x 5' long) and the third pair was set up in a cage in a room, as we were not sure they could acclimate to southern California winter temperatures when the nights can get down to the mid '40s where we are. We each had a pair at our respective homes, and kept in touch as to their progress. After several months, it was realized that the male of the pair in the outdoor flight was too aggressive for the hen and always kept her hiding in the bushes. Whenever she came out he would chase her and she wanted nothing to do with him. At about this same time an extra hen became available and we bought it and had it in the bird room. We decided to trade hens to see if a different hen would have any effect on his behavior.
Point Cloud Collision Detection (2004)

Abstract In the past few years, many efficient rendering and surface reconstruction algorithms for point clouds have been developed. However, collision detection of point clouds has not been considered until now, although this is a prerequisite to use them for interactive or animated 3D graphics. We present a novel approach for time‐critical collision detection of point clouds. Based solely on the point representation, it can detect intersections of the underlying implicit surfaces. The surfaces do not need to be closed. We construct a point hierarchy where each node stores a sufficient sample of the points plus a sphere covering of a part of the surface. These are used to derive criteria that guide our hierarchy traversal so as to increase convergence. One of them can be used to prune pairs of nodes, the other one is used to prioritize still to be visited pairs of nodes. At the leaves we efficiently determine an intersection by estimating the smallest distance. We have tested our implementation for several large point cloud models. The results show that a very fast and precise answer to collision detection queries can always be given. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): G.1.2 [Numerical Analysis]: Approximation of surfaces and contours I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object‐Modeling[Geometric algorithms, languages and systems; object hierarchy; physically‐based modeling] I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism[Animation; virtual reality]
Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor (2013)

We propose an easy-to-build easy-to-detect scheme for realizing Majorana fermions at the ends of a chain of magnetic atoms on the surface of a superconductor. Model calculations show that such chains can be easily tuned between trivial and topological ground states. In the latter, spatially resolved spectroscopy can be used to probe the Majorana fermion end states. Decoupled Majorana bound states can form even in short magnetic chains consisting of only tens of atoms. We propose scanning tunneling microscopy as the ideal technique to fabricate such systems and to probe their topological properties.
Seed Transmission of Pantoea stewartii in Field and Sweet Corn (1998)

Seed transmission of Pantoea stewartii was evaluated by assays of more than 76,000 plants in greenhouse and field grow-out trials. Fourteen P. stewartii-infected seed lots were obtained from two dent corn inbreds and two sweet corn cultivars that were inoculated with either a rifampicin and nalidixic acid-resistant strain (rif-9A) or a wild-type strain (SS104) of P. stewartii. Four additional seed lots were collected from naturally infected inbreds. Percentages of infected kernels ranged from 0.8 to 72%, as determined by agar plating or by individual-kernel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plants grown from this seed were assayed by a stem-printing technique that consisted of cutting and pressing a cross-section of each stem onto agar media. Prints were examined for development of P. stewartii colonies after 24 and 48 h. The transmission rate from seed produced on the inoculated plants was 0.066% (28 of 42,206 plants), based on all seedlings assayed. Transmission was estimated to be 0.14% from infected kernels. The transmission rate from seed produced on naturally infected plants was 0.0029% (1 of 34,924 plants), based on all seedlings, and 0.022% from infected kernels. Seed transmission occurred significantly less often (P = 0.034) from seed produced on naturally infected plants than from seed produced on inoculated plants, probably due to greater kernel damage caused by ear shank inoculation. The rarity of seed transmission of P. stewartii from heavily infected seed lots that would ordinarily be rejected due to poor germination suggests that the likelihood of seed transmission from good quality commercial seed corn is virtually nonexistent.
Oxidation of Escherichia coli iron centers by the myeloperoxidase-mediated microbicidal system. (1982)

Myeloperoxidase, HeO2, and a halide (chloride, bromide, iodide) constitute a powerful microbicidal system which is active against a wide variety of microorganisms and is believed to contribute to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils. The precise mechanism by which this system exerts its toxicity is unknown. We report here that the microbicidal activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O-chloride system on Escherichia coli is associated with the loss of iron into the medium as measured by the release of 59Fe from prelabeled organisms. Iron loss (but not bactericidal activity) was considerably increased by the addition of EDTA or other iron chelators; it was not associated with a corresponding release of protein with 14C-amino-acids. Iron loss was observed with chloride or bromide as the halide, but not when iodide was employed in microbicidal concentrations. Microbicidal activity was detected at an earlier time period and at a lower halide concentration than was iron loss. Analogous changes were observed when cytochrome c was oxidized by the myeloperoxidase H2O2-halide system. The initial response was a shift in the Soret maximum, followed by a fall in absorbance accompanied by the loss of iron. As with the intact organism, iron loss was evident with chloride and bromide, but not with iodide as the halide. These findings suggest that microbial iron centers are a target for the myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial system and that their oxidation may contribute to microbicidal activity.
Purification and functional reconstitution of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel from rabbit T-tubular membranes. (1985)

The voltage-sensitive sodium channel has been purified from rabbit T-tubular membranes and reconstituted into defined phospholipid vesicles. Membranes enriched in T-tubular elements (specific [3H]nitrendipine binding = 41 +/- 9 pmol/mg of protein, n = 7) were isolated from fast skeletal muscle. After solubilization with Nonidet P-40, the sodium channel protein was purified to greater than 95% of theoretical homogeneity based on the specific activity of [3H]saxitoxin binding. Two subunits of Mr approximately 260,000 and 38,000 were found; these bands co-distributed with the peak of [3H]saxitoxin binding on sucrose gradients. The purified protein was reconstituted into egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles and retained the ability to gate specific 22Na+ influx in response to activation by batrachotoxin or veratridine. All activated fluxes were blocked by saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin. On sucrose gradients, the distribution of protein capable of functional channel activity paralleled the distribution of specific [3H]saxitoxin binding and of the Mr 260,000 and 38,000 components. The cation selectivity for the reconstituted, batrachotoxin-activated channel was Na+ greater than K+ greater than Rb+ greater than Cs+, with flux ratios of 1:0.13:0.02:0.008. Nine of 25 monoclonal antibodies raised against the rat sarcolemmal sodium channel cross-reacted with the rabbit T-tubular sodium channel in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Six of these antibodies showed specific binding to immunoblot transfers of T-tubular membrane proteins. Each labeled a single band at Mr approximately 260,000 corresponding in mobility to the large subunit of the sodium channel.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Corn Starch-Graft-Poly(AM-DADMAC) (2011)

Under conditions of microwave radiation (MW) and open-vessel reflux, acrylamide (AM) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) were grafted to corn starch (St) by aqueous solution polymerization in air atmosphere. Continuous MW in conjunction with potassium persulfate (KPS) were utilized to initiate the above graft reaction. A representative copolymer of St-graft-poly(AM-DADMAC) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse spectroscopy. Microwave power, radiation time, KPS concentration and AM/DADMAC molar ratio were investigated to examine their effects on grafting efficiency (GE) and cationic degree (CD). The optimal conditions under investigation were microwave power 500 W, radiation time 150 s, KPS concentration 2 mmol·L –1 , AM/DADMAC molar ratio 9∶1. The GE and CD obtained were 68.6% and 0.16 mmol·g –1 , respectively.
Solid phase synthesis of protected peptides via photolytic cleavage of the .alpha.-methylphenacyl ester anchoring linkage (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid phase synthesis of protected peptides via photolytic cleavage of the .alpha.-methylphenacyl ester anchoring linkageSu-Sun WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 20, 3258–3261Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00882a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00882a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Smallest Molecular Switch (2003)

Ab initio total energy calculations reveal benzene-dithiolate molecules on a gold surface, contacted by a monatomic gold STM tip to have two classes of low-energy conformations with differing symmetries. Lateral motion of the tip or excitation of the molecule cause it to change from one conformation class to the other and to switch between a strongly and a weakly conducting state. Thus, surprisingly, despite their apparent simplicity, these Au/BDT/Au nanowires are shown to be electrically bistable switches, the smallest two-terminal molecular switches to date.
A comparative study of the kinetics of selenol/diselenide and thiol/disulfide exchange reactions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA comparative study of the kinetics of selenol/diselenide and thiol/disulfide exchange reactionsJoan C. Pleasants, Wei Guo, and Dallas L. RabensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 17, 6553–6558Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00199a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00199a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1079Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A peptide binding protein having a role in antigen presentation is a member of the HSP70 heat shock family. (1989)

The T cell recognition of globular protein antigens requires the processing and presentation of the antigen by Ia-expressing APCs. Processing is believed to involve the uptake of antigen into an acidic compartment where proteolysis occurs. The resulting peptides containing the T cell antigenic determinant are associated with Ia and presented at the cell surface to the specific T cells. The mechanisms by which antigenic peptides become associated with Ia is not known. We previously described a peptide binding protein of 72/74 x 10(3) Mr (PBP72/74) that plays a role in antigen presentation as shown by the ability of an antiserum raised in rabbits to affinity-purified PBP72/74 to block presentation of cytochrome c to a cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid. Here we show that PBP72/74 is recognized by mAbs specific for members of the HSP70 family of proteins. In Western blots PBP72/74 is bound by mAb 7.10, specific for an evolutionarily conserved epitope of HSP proteins and by mAb N27, specific for both the constitutively expressed and inducible 72/73 x 10(3) Mr HSP70 proteins. In addition, PBP72/74 shares a second common feature of the HSP proteins, that of binding to ATP. Indeed, ATP causes the release of PBP72/74 from binding to a peptide fragment of cytochrome c (Pc 81-104) and PBP72/74 can be eluted from ATP columns by Pc 81-104. Finally, a portion of PBP72/74 is shown to be present on B cell surfaces by immunofluorescence staining. Thus, it appears that characteristics of the heat shock proteins are shared by a protein playing a role in antigen presentation, suggesting some commonality in function.
Harriet Tubman: Spy, Veteran, and Widow (2005)

Harriet Tubman is one of the most enigmatic figures in American history. Well known for liberating enslaved blacks while a “conductor” along the Underground Railroad, Tubman was also a humanitarian, political activist, entrepreneur, and patriot. Tubman accomplished so much and helped so many during her lifetime that she has reached folkloric status in the American memory, in part, because the facts and myths of her life have been retold in over 40 children's books. Both of the accomplishments for which she is most remembered—her heroism along the Underground Railroad and her patriotism as a spy for the Union Army—were clandestine activities. Adding to her mystique is the fact that Tubman was illiterate, and so left no handwritten records of her exploits. Some documentary evidence of one phase of her life, however, survives in the holdings of the National Archives and Records Administration. The two documents featured in this lesson—a...
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (1995)

Levels of IL-1ra in the peripheral blood of patients with IBD are of clinical relevance, representing a potent marker of disease activity and a possible differential diagnostic marker.
Mucosal Administration of Flagellin Induces Innate Immunity in the Mouse Lung (2004)

Nonsurgical intratracheal instillation of 1 microg of purified, recombinant flagellin in several strains of mice stimulated a transient innate immune response in the lung characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and the rapid production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and the chemokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine, MIP1alpha, and MIP-2.
Fluorescence Microscopy (2014)

Fluorescence microscopy is a major tool with which to monitor cell physiology. Although the concepts of fluorescence and its optical separation using filters remain similar, microscope design varies with the aim of increasing image contrast and spatial resolution. The basics of wide-field microscopy are outlined to emphasize the selection, advantages, and correct use of laser scanning confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, scanning disk confocal microscopy, total internal reflection, and super-resolution microscopy. In addition, the principles of how these microscopes form images are reviewed to appreciate their capabilities, limitations, and constraints for operation.