gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CD160, BTLA, LIGHT/HVEM pathway: a bidirectional switch regulating T‐cell activation (2009)

CD160 is a newly identified ligand for HVEM (herpes virus entry mediator). Previously identified HVEM ligands include BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator), LIGHT (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) and LTalpha (lymphotoxin-alpha). The binding of LIGHT or LTalpha to HVEM delivers a costimulatory signal, whereas the binding of BTLA or CD160 to HVEM delivers a coinhibitory signal. Thus, HVEM is a bidirectional switch regulating T-cell activation in a costimulatory or coinhibitory fashion whose outcome depends on the ligand engaged. The cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) of HVEM is essential for the binding of coinhibitory ligands CD160 and BTLA but not costimulatory ligand LIGHT. Deletion or blockade of HVEM CRD1 abolishes the binding of CD160 and BTLA, but not LIGHT, and converts HVEM to a dominant costimulatory molecule, possibly through the loss of negative signaling by CD160/BTLA. Therapies targeting the CRD1 of HVEM to block BTLA and CD160 binding are being developed to enhance immune responses and vaccination.
A Preliminary Study of the Combined Effect of Neodymium (1989)

Thirteen patients with capillary/cavernous hemangiomas of infancy have been treated with a combination of neodymium: YAG laser photocoagulation plus direct local instillation of steroids. In all cases, rapid growth immediately ceased and blanching started. Shrinkage of the lesions then occurred spontaneously over the ensuing months; any plateau in shrinkage was retreated. Five of 13 patients experienced dramatic blanching and shrinkage with one treatment. Six experienced mild to moderate shrinkage. Complications occurred in 2 patients.
Highly Chemoselective Metal-Free Reduction of Tertiary Amides (2007)

This communication describes the chemoselective metal-free reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding amines. Hantzsch ester is used as a mild reducing agent for the reduction of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride activated amides providing the tertiary amines with high functional group tolerance.
LAS PRÓTESIS METÁLICAS CUBIERTAS TRANSMURALES SON LA ESTRATEGIA DOMINANTE PARA EL DRENAJE BILIAR EN LA COLANGIOPANCREATOGRAFÍA ENDOSONOGRÁFICA (CPES) (2013)

Objetivos: Identificar estrategia dominante de drenaje biliar por CPES. Material y Método: Análisis retrospectivo, datos prospectivos enero-diciembre 2012. CPES en 44 (4.2% CPREs) pacientes (Tabla). Calibre del conducto biliar: 9.1 mm (IQR 6.3 – 15.6) en acceso extrahepático; 5.5 mm (IQR 4.0 – 7.9) en intrahepático. Técnica estandarizada sin needle-knife. Resultados: Éxito técnico, 43 pacientes (97.7%); éxito clínico en 70% (bilirrubina total < 20% del valor basal si ictericia, o resolución síntomas). Complicaciones post-CPES en 6 pacientes (13.6%), 5 leves: sangrado 3, pancreatitis aguda 1, desaturación 1; 1 grave: colecistitis (exitus). Drenaje transpapilar 11 casos (7 anterógrado, 4 rendezvous), 4 combinado transpapilar-transmural y 32 transmural puro (26 Hepaticogastrostomía/yeyunostomía y 10 Coledocoduodenostomía/gastrostomía. Se emplearon stent metálicos cubiertos para drenaje transmural (22 Hanaro; 7 Wallflex), con técnicas de anclaje en 65% (clips, flaps, pig-tails, expansión con balón). Se obtuvieron datos de seguimiento en 35 pacientes. Tras 146 días (SD 141) se registraron disfunciones leves en 5 casos de stent metálico transmural.
Visualization of active neural circuitry in the spinal cord of intact zebrafish (1995)

1. One of the major obstacles in studying vertebrate neural networks is the difficulty in simultaneously monitoring activity in a population of neurons. To take advantage of the transparency of larval zebrafish, we used confocal microscopy to look into the spinal cord of immobilized fish to monitor neural responses during an escape behavior. 2. Populations of identified neurons were labeled with a calcium indicator and neural activity was monitored on a millisecond time scale. The calcium dependent nature of the fluorescent signals was confirmed by monitoring the accumulation, diffusion, and removal of calcium that was introduced by electrical and sensory stimulation. 3. Zebrafish, like most swimming vertebrates, have two major classes of motoneurons: large primary motoneurons thought to be used primarily for rapid movements and smaller secondary motoneurons implicated in slower movements. Our optical approach allowed us to ask how these groups of primary and secondary motoneurons respond during the escape behavior--one of the fastest and most forceful motor behaviors produced by vertebrates. 4. We demonstrate a previously unknown synchrony in the response of populations of primary and secondary motoneurons. This synchrony can account for the massive activation of the axial musculature during powerful escapes. Detection of this synchrony depended on the rapid in vivo imaging of activity in this neuronal population. This optical approach will allow functional studies of neuronal populations in the brain and spinal cord of normal and mutant lines of zebrafish.
Live high-train low for 24 days increases hemoglobin mass and red cell volume in elite endurance athletes (2006)

The effect of live high-train low on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and red cell volume (RCV) in elite endurance athletes is still controversial. We expected that Hb(mass) and RCV would increase, when using a presumably adequate hypoxic dose. An altitude group (AG) of 10 Swiss national team orienteers (5 men and 5 women) lived at 2,500 m (18 h per day) and trained at 1,800 and 1,000 m above sea level for 24 days. Before and after altitude, Hbmass, RCV (carbon monoxide rebreathing method), blood, iron, and performance parameters were determined. Seven Swiss national team cross-country skiers (3 men and 4 women) served as "sea level" (500-1,600 m) control group (CG) for the changes in Hbmass and RCV. The AG increased Hbmass (805+/-209 vs. 848+/-225 g; P<0.01) and RCV (2,353+/-611 vs. 2,470+/-653 ml; P<0.01), whereas there was no change for the CG (Hbmass: 849+/-197 vs. 858+/-205 g; RCV: 2,373+/-536 vs. 2,387+/-551 ml). Serum erythropoietin (P<0.001), reticulocytes (P<0.001), transferrin (P<0.001), soluble transferrin receptor (P<0.05), and hematocrit (P<0.01) increased, whereas ferritin (P<0.05) decreased in the AG. These changes were associated with an increased maximal oxygen uptake (3,515+/-837 vs. 3,660+/-770 ml/min; P<0.05) and improved 5,000-m running times (1,098+/-104 vs. 1,080+/-98 s; P<0.01) from pre- to postaltitude. Living at 2,500 m and training at lower altitudes for 24 days increases Hbmass and RCV. These changes may contribute to enhance performance of elite endurance athletes.
Air-bridged lateral epitaxial overgrowth of GaN thin films (2000)

A promising technique of selective lateral epitaxy, namely air-bridged lateral epitaxial overgrowth, is demonstrated in order to reduce the wing tilt as well as the threading dislocation density in GaN thin films. A seed GaN layer was etched to make ridge-stripe along 〈11̄00〉GaN direction and a GaN material was regrown from the exposed (0001) top facet of the ridged GaN seed structures, whose sidewalls and etched bottoms were covered with silicon nitride mask, using low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The density of dislocations in the wing region was reduced to be &amp;lt;107 cm−2, which was at least two orders of magnitude lower than that of underlying GaN. The magnitude of the wing tilt was determined to be 0.08° by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, which was smaller than other lateral epitaxial overgrown GaN thin films. The full width at half maximum of XRD for the wing region was 138 arc sec, indicating high uniformity of c-axis orientation.
Synthesis and characterization of a Schiff base derived from 2-aminobenzylamine and its Cu(II) complex: electropolymerization of the complex on a platinum electrode (2010)

A precursor (H3A) was synthesized by the mono condensation of 2-aminobenzylamine with salicylaldehyde and then a tetradentade Schiff-base ligand (H2L) prepared by using H3A and 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde. The copper(II) complex of this new ligand was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and magnetic susceptibility. For the ligand, 1H- and 13C-NMR and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) spectra were obtained. The tetradentate ligand is coordinated to Cu(II) through the phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The use of this metal complex in the preparation of a modified electrode is also described. CuL was electropolymerized on a platinum electrode surface in a 0.1 mol dm−3 solution of lithium perchlorate in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry between 0 and 1.6 V versus Ag/Ag+. Electrochemical properties of the electroactive polymeric film have been investigated and a surface confined polymerization mechanism was proposed.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Cephalotaxine by Two Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations (1997)

Interesting for cancer therapy: The unique pentacyclic alkaloid cephalotaxine is the parent compound of the strongly cytotoxic harringtonines, which are isolable from the study-east Asian yewtree. Now the cephalotaxine precursor 2 has been synthesized highly efficiently and selectively in two steps from the readily accessible amine 1 through an intramolecular Pd-catalyzed allylic amination to form the spirocycle (85% yield) and subsequent Heck reaction to construct the seven-membered ring (80% yield).
Vascular Cognitive Impairment Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Small Vessels, Big Toll (2009)

This year’s Princeton conference featured a session onvascular cognitive impairment (VCI), signaling recogni-tion, a long time in coming, of this important consequence of cerebrovascular disease. The emphasis was on cerebrovascu-
Comparison of the mesogenic properties of monomeric, dimeric, and side-chain polymeric liquid crystals (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the mesogenic properties of monomeric, dimeric, and side-chain polymeric liquid crystalsC. T. Imrie, F. E. Karasz, and G. S. AttardCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 3, 545–550Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00055a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00055a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time, high velocity-resolution color Doppler optical coherence tomography (2002)

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique for micrometer-scale physiological flow mapping simultaneously with morphological optical coherence tomography imaging. We have developed a novel CDOCT signal-processing strategy capable of imaging physiological flow rates at 8 frames/s. Our new strategy features hardware-implemented digital autocorrelation across subsequent scans, permitting us to measure 300-Hz-8-kHz Doppler shifts upon signals of 0.6-MHz bandwidth. The performance of the CDOCT system was demonstrated in a flow phantom and in vivo in Xenopus laevis.
Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis (1998)

There is evidence that glucosamine sulfate may provide pain relief, reduce tenderness, and improve mobility in patients with OA. Most of the current data, however, are derived from the European and Asian literature and there are no studies supporting the use of this agent in the US. The studies published to date have been done in small numbers of patients; adequate long-term trials examining the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage requirements of glucosamine sulfate are lacking. Most of the available clinical data are difficult to interpret due to serious deficiencies in study design. Furthermore, studies evaluating the appropriate place of glucosamine sulfate in the therapeutic armamentarium of OA remain to be done.
Isotope-labeled immunoassays without radiation waste (2000)

The practice of immunoassay has experienced a widespread transition from radioisotopic labeling to nonisotopic labeling over the last two decades. Radioisotope labels have drawbacks that hamper their applications: (i) perceived radiation hazards of reagents, (ii) regulatory requirements and disposal problems of working with radioactive materials, and (iii) short shelf-life of the labeled reagents. The advantage of isotopic labeling is the incorporation into analytes without altering structure or reactivity, as is often the case with ELISA or fluorescent detection systems. We developed a format for isotope label immunoassay with the long-life isotope (14)C as the label and accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) as the detection system. AMS quantifies attomole levels of several isotopes, including (14)C. With this exquisite sensitivity, the sensitivity of an immunoassay is limited by the K(d) of the antibody and not the detection system. The detection limit of the assays for atrazine and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was 2.0 x 10(-10) M and 2.0 x 10(-11) M, respectively, approximately an order of magnitude below the standard enzyme immunoassay. Notably, <1 dpm (0.45 pCi) of (14)C-labeled compound was used in each assay, which is well below the limit of disposal (50 nCi per g) as nonradioactive waste. Thus, endogenous reporter ligands quantified by AMS provide the advantages of an RIA without the associated problems of radioactive waste.
Biochemical pharmacology of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in malignant human hematopoietic cell lines and therapeutic effects of 2-bromodeoxyadenosine in drug combinations in mice. (1989)

Growth of human hematopoietic cell lines showed a 100-fold range of sensitivity to inhibition by 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CldAdo), with highly sensitive lines in all three groups: T-lymphoblastic, B-lymphoblastic, and non-T, non-B. Formation of nucleotides from [8-3H]CldAdo was investigated in ten lines. In cells exposed to 0.15 microM CldAdo, CldAdo 5'-phosphate (CldAMP) reached 0.7-14 microM and CldAdo 5'-triphosphate (CldATP) reached 0.05-6 microM in 1 h. In most cases these nucleotide concentrations at 1 h were close to the steady-state concentrations, and the latter concentrations were approximately proportional to extracellular CldAdo concentration. On removal of extracellular CldAdo, intracellular CldAMP and CldATP declined rapidly with half times of 0.56-0.9 and 0.64-1.46 h, respectively. There was no correlation between these rates of catabolism and steady-state levels. The different sensitivities of the lines to CldAdo is explained only in part by the different steady-state concentrations of CldATP, and must be more directly related to differential effects on target enzymes. Mice inoculated with L1210 leukemia were treated with 2-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (BrdAdo) paired with one of 18 other therapeutic agents. Eight of the drugs paired with BrdAdo gave therapeutic responses from the combination greater than the sum of the responses of members of the pair. They included alkylating agents, antimetabolites blocking deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, and DNA polymerase inhibitors. Toxic dosages of CldAdo caused damage chiefly to the hemic-lymphatic systems and the kidneys.
Bone marrow embolism in sickle cell disease: A review (2005)

The fat embolism syndrome is an important complication of patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies because of severe morbidity and mortality. Our recent experience with three cases that survived with intensive supportive care and prompt use of transfusion stimulates this review. A high index of suspicion, prompt use of diagnostic tools, and aggressive clinical management are the keys to a successful outcome.
What do we need for a superhydrophobic surface? A review on the recent progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces (2007)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have drawn a lot of interest both in academia and in industry because of the self-cleaning properties. This critical review focuses on the recent progress (within the last three years) in the preparation, theoretical modeling, and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. The preparation approaches are reviewed according to categorized approaches such as bottom-up, top-down, and combination approaches. The advantages and limitations of each strategy are summarized and compared. Progress in theoretical modeling of surface design and wettability behavior focuses on the transition state of superhydrophobic surfaces and the role of the roughness factor. Finally, the problems/obstacles related to applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces in real life are addressed. This review should be of interest to students and scientists interested specifically in superhydrophobic surfaces but also to scientists and industries focused in material chemistry in general.
The product of ORF O located within the domain of herpes simplex virus 1 genome transcribed during latent infection binds to and inhibits in vitro binding of infected cell protein 4 to its cognate DNA site (1997)

The partially overlapping ORF P and ORF O are located within the domains of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome transcribed during latency. Earlier studies have shown that ORF P is repressed by infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), the major viral regulatory protein, binding to its cognate site at the transcription initiation site of ORF P. The ORF P protein binds to p32, a component of the ASF/SF2 alternate splicing factors; in cells infected with a recombinant virus in which ORF P was derepressed there was a significant decrease in the expression of products of key regulatory genes containing introns. We report that (i) the expression of ORF O is repressed during productive infection by the same mechanism as that determining the expression of ORF P; (ii) in cells infected at the nonpermissive temperature for ICP4, ORF O protein is made in significantly lower amounts than the ORF P protein; (iii) the results of insertion of a sequence encoding 20 amino acids between the putative initiator methionine codons of ORF O and ORF P suggest that ORF O initiates at the methionine codon of ORF P and that the synthesis of ORF O results from frameshift or editing of its RNA; and (iv) glutathione S-transferase-ORF O fusion protein bound specifically ICP4 and precluded its binding to its cognate site on DNA in vitro. These and earlier results indicate that ORF P and ORF O together have the capacity to reduce the synthesis or block the expression of regulatory proteins essential for viral replication in productive infection.
Opioid growth factor inhibits DNA synthesis in mouse tongue epithelium in a circadian rhythm-dependent manner (1994)

In addition to neuromodulation, endogenous opioids also serve as growth factors. To investigate the involvement of the naturally occurring opioid peptide [Met5]enkephalin [termed opioid growth factor (OGF)] in the renewal of epithelium, adult mice were given systemic injections of OGF (1 mg/kg) and examined 2 h later at 0700 or 1700 h. DNA synthesis in the tongue was investigated using [3H]thymidine and autoradiography. OGF depressed DNA synthesis of the basal epithelial cells in the tip, and dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue (42-44% of control levels) only at 0700 h. This decrease in DNA synthesis was blocked by concomitant administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg/kg); naloxone alone had no influence on cell replicative processes. Both OGF and its receptor, zeta (zeta), were detected in the stratified squamous epithelium of the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue by immunocytochemistry. Photodensitometric measurements of immunocytochemical preparations revealed almost twofold more OGF and zeta-receptor immunoreactivity at 1700 h than at 0700 h. These results indicate that an endogenous opioid peptide and its receptor are present and govern cellular renewal processes in the tongue and regulate DNA synthesis in a circadian rhythm-dependent fashion.
Purified cardiomyocytes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells produce stable intracardiac grafts in mice (2004)

The purification and transplantation of differentiated cardiomyocytes from adult stem cells provides a viable model of tissue engineering for the treatment of heart failure.
A novel bispecific antibody for EGFR-directed blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint (2018)

PD-L1-blocking antibodies produce significant clinical benefit in selected cancer patients by reactivating functionally-impaired antigen-experienced anticancer T cells. However, the efficacy of current PD-L1-blocking antibodies is potentially reduced by 'on-target/off-tumor' binding to PD-L1 widely expressed on normal cells. This lack of tumor selectivity may induce a generalized activation of all antigen-experienced T cells which may explain the frequent occurrence of autoimmune-related adverse events during and after treatment. To address these issues, we constructed a bispecific antibody (bsAb), designated PD-L1xEGFR, to direct PD-L1-blockade to EGFR-expressing cancer cells and to more selectively reactivate anticancer T cells. Indeed, the IC50 of PD-L1xEGFR for blocking PD-L1 on EGFR<sup>+</sup> cancer cells was ∼140 fold lower compared to that of the analogous PD-L1-blocking bsAb PD-L1xMock with irrelevant target antigen specificity. Importantly, activation status, IFN-γ production, and oncolytic activity of anti-CD3xanti-EpCAM-redirected T cells was enhanced when cocultured with EGFR-expressing carcinoma cells. Similarly, the capacity of PD-L1xEGFR to promote proliferation and IFN-γ production by CMVpp65-directed CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells was enhanced when cocultured with EGFR-expressing CMVpp65-transfected cancer cells. In contrast, the clinically-used PD-L1-blocking antibody MEDI4736 (durvalumab) promoted T cell activation indiscriminate of EGFR expression on cancer cells. Additionally, in mice xenografted with EGFR-expressing cancer cells <sup>111</sup>In-PD-L1xEGFR showed a significantly higher tumor uptake compared to <sup>111</sup>In-PD-L1xMock. In conclusion, PD-L1xEGFR blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint in an EGFR-directed manner, thereby promoting the selective reactivation of anticancer T cells. This novel targeted approach may be useful to enhance efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in EGFR-overexpressing malignancies.