gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted inactivation of CTNNB1 reveals unexpected effects of β-catenin mutation (2002)

Inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) or activating mutations of the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) initiate colorectal neoplasia. To address the biochemical and physiologic effects of mutant beta-catenin, we disrupted either the mutant or wild-type CTNNB1 allele in a human colorectal cancer cell line. Cells with only wild-type beta-catenin had decreased colony-forming ability when plated at low density, although their growth was similar to that of parental cells when passaged under routine conditions. Immunohistochemistry and cell-fractionation studies suggested that mutant beta-catenin activity was distinguished primarily by cellular localization and not by protein degradation. Surprisingly, we found mutant beta-catenin bound less well to E-cadherin than did wild-type beta-catenin, and the membranous localization of wild-type and mutant beta-catenin was accordingly distinct. These findings pose several challenges to current models of APC/beta-catenin function.
Hybrid DWDM devices utilizing dielectric filters and fiber Bragg gratings (2002)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a novel hybrid dense WDM (DWDM) device with low insertion loss, high isolation, low PDL (polarisation loop dispersion) and low temperature coefficient. Although the device we built is 200-GHz channel spacing WDM, there is no major problems in making 100 or even 50-GHz channel spacing WDM devices.
Large-Scale Laboratory Investigation of the Effects of Proppant and Fracturing-Fluid Properties on Transport (2006)

Abstract The primary function of fracturing fluids is to provide the means and media for the transport and placement of a conductive proppant pack in the created fracture such that resident hydrocarbons may be more easily produced. In recent years significant effort and expense has been invested to develop an ideal fracturing fluid system. Such efforts have been often been akin to the proverbial dog chasing his tail, rather than on the addressing the engineering objective to place a conductive propped fracture. Development focus has been primarily on optimization of fluid rheological stability to get the treatment pumped and secondarily to mitigating any damage caused by new fluid system. Post-frac production analysis frequently demonstrates less than anticipated fracture area, suggesting excessive proppant-pack damage or that the proppant was not placed in designated areal location due to inadequate proppant transport. Recent testing was conducted in a large-scale slot apparatus at the Well Construction Technology Center in Oklahoma to evaluate the relative effects of proppant slurry component characteristics and the proppant transport capability. The effects of various fluid specific gravities, fluid viscosities, proppant specific gravities, proppant sizes, slurry flow rates, and slot widths were investigated. Testing included fluids from slickwater to gelled, weighted brines, proppants from 40/70 Ottawa sand to 14/30 ultra-lightweight proppants, pump rates from 0.1 to 1.0 bbl/ft/min, and slot widths from 0.25 to 0.5". Evaluation of the proppant transport testing data and the comparative abilities of current fracturing slurry system technologies to achieve placement of a productive propped fracture will be discussed.
Cloning immunoglobulin variable domains for expression by the polymerase chain reaction. (1989)

We have designed a set of oligonucleotide primers to amplify the cDNA of mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domains by the polymerase chain reaction. The primers incorporate restriction sites that allow the cDNA of the variable domains to be force-cloned for sequencing and expression. Here we have applied the technique to clone and sequence the variable domains of five hybridoma antibodies and to express a mouse-human chimeric antibody that binds to the human mammary carcinoma line MCF-7. The technique should also lead to the cloning of antigen-binding specificities directly from immunoglobulin genes.
Monitoring a dryer operation using an array of piezoelectric crystals (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonitoring a dryer operation using an array of piezoelectric crystalsW. Patrick. Carey and Bruce R. KowalskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 6, 541–544Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00157a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00157a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Soft Robotics: Biological Inspiration, State of the Art, and Future Research (2008)

Traditional robots have rigid underlying structures that limit their ability to interact with their environment. For example, conventional robot manipulators have rigid links and can manipulate objects using only their specialised end effectors. These robots often encounter difficulties operating in unstructured and highly congested environments. A variety of animals and plants exhibit complex movement with soft structures devoid of rigid components. Muscular hydrostats (e.g. octopus arms and elephant trunks) are almost entirely composed of muscle and connective tissue and plant cells can change shape when pressurised by osmosis. Researchers have been inspired by biology to design and build soft robots. With a soft structure and redundant degrees of freedom, these robots can be used for delicate tasks in cluttered and/or unstructured environments. This paper discusses the novel capabilities of soft robots, describes examples from nature that provide biological inspiration, surveys the state of the art and outlines existing challenges in soft robot design, modelling, fabrication and control.
Gadolinium(III) as a paramagnetic probe for proton relaxation studies of biological macromolecules. Binding to bovine serum albumin (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGadolinium(III) as a paramagnetic probe for proton relaxation studies of biological macromolecules. Binding to bovine serum albuminJacques ReubenCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 15, 2834–2838Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00791a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00791a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CpxR/OmpR Interplay Regulates Curli Gene Expression in Response to Osmolarity inEscherichia coli (2005)

Curli fibers could be described as a virulence factor able to confer adherence properties to both abiotic and eukaryotic surfaces. The ability to adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions through signal transduction pathways is crucial for the growth and pathogenicity of bacteria. OmpR was shown to activate csgD expression, resulting in curli production. The CpxR regulator was shown to negatively affect curli gene expression when binding to its recognition site that overlaps the csgD OmpR-binding site. This study was undertaken to clarify how the interplay between the two regulatory proteins, OmpR and CpxR, can affect the transcription of the curli gene in response to variation of the medium osmolarity. Band-shift assays with purified CpxR proteins indicate that CpxR binds to the csgD promoter region at multiple sites that are ideally positioned to explain the csg repression activity of CpxR. To understand the physiological meaning of this in vitro molecular phenomenon, we analyzed the effects of an osmolarity shift on the two-component pathway CpxA/CpxR. We establish here that the Cpx pathway is activated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in response to a high osmolarity medium and that CpxR represses csgD expression in high-salt-content medium, resulting in low curli production. However, csgD repression in response to high sucrose content is not mediated by CpxR but by the global regulatory protein H-NS. Therefore, multiple systems (EnvZ/OmpR, Cpx, Rcs, and H-NS) appear to be involved in sensing environmental osmolarity, leading to sophisticated regulation of the curli genes.
Presentation of a cytosolic antigen by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules requires a long-lived form of the antigen (1996)

Class I and II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex present peptides to T cells. Class I molecules bind peptides that have been generated in the cytosol by proteasomes and delivered into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen presentation. In contrast, class II molecules are very efficient in the presentation of antigens that have been internalized and processed in endosomal/lysosomal compartments. In addition, class II molecules can present some cytosolic antigens by a TAP-independent pathway. To test whether this endogenous class II presentation pathway was linked to proteasome-mediated degradation of antigen in the cytosol, the N-end rule was utilized to produce two forms of the influenza virus matrix protein with different in vivo half-lives (10 min vs. 5 h) when expressed in human B cells. Whereas class I molecules presented both the short- and the long-lived matrix proteins, class II molecules presented exclusively the long-lived form of antigen. Thus, rapid degradation of matrix protein in the cytosol precluded its presentation by class II molecules. These data suggest that the turnover of long-lived cytosolic proteins, some of which is mediated by delivery into endosomal/ lysosomal compartments, provides a mechanism for immune surveillance by CD4+ T cells.
Synthesis and Pharmacology of a Very Potent Cannabinoid Lacking a Phenolic Hydroxyl with High Affinity for the CB2 Receptor (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTSynthesis and Pharmacology of a Very Potent Cannabinoid Lacking a Phenolic Hydroxyl with High Affinity for the CB2 ReceptorJohn W. Huffman, Shu Yu, Vincent Showalter, Mary E. Abood, Jenny L. Wiley, David R. Compton, Billy R. Martin, R. Daniel Bramblett, and Patricia H. ReggioView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-1905, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and Department of Chemistry, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144-5591Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 20, 3875–3877Publication Date (Web):September 27, 1996Publication History Received3 June 1996Published online27 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960394yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960394yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1759Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Hydroxyls,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of Human Tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm Using Er- and Tm-Doped Fiber Sources (1998)

We demonstrate two short-coherence-length, rare-earth-doped fiber optical sources for performing optical coherence tomography (OCT) in human tissue. The first source is a stretched-pulse, mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser with a center wavelength of 1.55 μm, a power of 100 mW, and a bandwidth of 80 nm. The second is a Tm-doped silica fiber fluorescent source emitting up to 7 mW of power at 1.81 μm with a bandwidth of 80 nm. The OCT imaging depth of penetration in in vitro human aorta is compared using these sources and conventional 1.3-μm sources. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Multi-dimensional input techniques and articulated figure positioning by multiple constraints. (1986)

A six degree-of-freedom input device presents some novel possibilities for manipulating and positioning three-dimensional objects. Some experiments in using such a device in conjunction with a real-time display are described. A particular problem which arises in positioning an articulated figure is the solution of three-dimensional kinematics subject to multiple joint position goals. A method using such an input device to interactively determine positions and a constraint satisfaction algorithm which simultaneously achieves those constraints is described. Examples which show the power and efficiency of this method for key-frame animation positioning are demonstrated.
Buck-boost PWM converters having two independently controlled switches (2002)

Single-switch step-up/step-down converters, such as the buck-boost, SEPIC and Cuk, have relatively high voltage and current stresses on components compared to the buck or the boost converter. A buck-boost converter with two independently controlled switches can work as a boost or as a buck converter depending on input-output conditions, and thus achieves lower stresses on components. Using the converter synthesis method from D. Zhou (1995), families of two-switch buck-boost converters are generated, including several new converter topologies. The two-switch buck-boost converters are evaluated and compared in terms of component stresses in universal-input power-factor-corrector applications. Among them, one new two-switch converter is identified that has low inductor conduction losses (50% of the boost converter), low inductor volt-seconds (72% of the boost converter), and about the same switch conduction losses and voltage stresses as the boost converter.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is associated with disease activity and the degree of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1992)

To elucidate the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in determining anemia of chronic disease (ACD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 24 patients were studied for disease parameters, TNF serum levels and bone marrow for erythroid colony growth and compared with six controls. Serum TNF alpha was highest in ACD and correlated well with RA disease parameters. Both TNF and other RA disease parameters correlated inversely with degree of anemia. BFUe counts were lower in ACD, correlated positively with Hb and negatively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). TNF reduced whereas anti-TNF upregulated in vitro erythroid colony counts. TNF production occurred in similar amounts in bone marrow cultures in the three groups. From these preliminary findings we conclude that ACD in RA correlates with by RA disease activity and that TNF may serve not only as an RA disease marker but also could be one of the factors mediating impaired erythropoiesis in ACD in active RA.
Antitumor Efficacy of Intravesical BCG, Gemcitabine, Interferon-α and Interleukin-2 as Mono- or Combination-Therapy for Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Tumor Model (2011)

Intravesical monotherapies with gemcitabine and IFN-α were as effective as BCG for treatment of early non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer in this immune competent rat model. Combining these agents with high-dose BCG did not further increase efficacy. However, combining low-dose BCG with IL-2 enhanced BCG effectiveness.
Three-dimensional millimeter-wave imaging for concealed weapon detection (2001)

Millimeter-wave imaging techniques and systems have been developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, for the detection of concealed weapons and contraband at airports and other secure locations. These techniques were derived from microwave holography techniques that utilize phase and amplitude information recorded over a two-dimensional aperture to reconstruct a focused image of the target. Millimeter-wave imaging is well suited for the detection of concealed weapons or other contraband carried on personnel since millimeter-waves are nonionizing, readily penetrate common clothing material, and are reflected from the human body and any concealed items. In this paper, a wide-bandwidth three-dimensional holographic microwave imaging technique is described. Practical weapon detection systems for airport or other high-throughput applications require high-speed scanning on the order of 3 to 10 s. To achieve this goal, a prototype imaging system utilizing a 27-33 GHz linear sequentially switched array and a high-speed linear scanner has been developed and tested. This system is described in detail along with numerous imaging results.
Synthesis of p-Type Gallium Nitride Nanowires for Electronic and Photonic Nanodevices (2003)

Magnesium-doped gallium nitride nanowires have been synthesized via metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. Nanowires prepared on c-plane sapphire substrates were found to grow normal to the substrate, and transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated that the nanowires had single-crystal structures with a 〈0001〉 growth axis that is consistent with substrate epitaxy. Individual magnesium-doped gallium nitride nanowires configured as field-effect transistors exhibited systematic variations in two-terminal resistance as a function of magnesium dopant incorporation, and gate-dependent conductance measurements demonstrated that optimally doped nanowires were p-type with hole mobilities of ca. 12 cm2/V·s. In addition, transport studies of crossed gallium nitride nanowire structures assembled from p- and n-type materials show that these junctions correspond to well-defined p−n diodes. In forward bias, the p−n crossed nanowire junctions also function as nanoscale UV-blue light emitting diodes. The new synthesis of p-type gallium nitride nanowire building blocks opens up significant potential for the assembly of nanoscale electronics and photonics.
Simple Laser Interferometer with Variable Shear and Tilt (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Hariharan, "Simple Laser Interferometer with Variable Shear and Tilt," Appl. Opt. 14, 1056-1057 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Ethanol production from hemicellulose hydrolysates of agricultural residues using genetically engineeredEscherichia coli strain KO11 (1996)

Hemicellulose hydrolysates of the agricultural residues bagasse, corn stover, and corn hulls plus fibers were readily fermented to ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coil strain KOll. Corn steep liquor and crude yeast autolysate served as excellent nutrients. Fermentations were substantially complete within 48 h, often achieving over 40 g ethanol L -1. Ethanol yields ranged from 86% to over 100% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 g ethanol g sugar-I).
Heterologous Expression of Excitability Proteins: Route to More Specific Drugs? (1988)

Many clinically important drugs act on the intrinsic membrane proteins (ion channels, receptors, and ion pumps) that control cell excitability. A major goal of pharmacology has been to develop drugs that are more specific for a particular subtype of excitability molecule. DNA cloning has revealed that many excitability proteins are encoded by multigene families and that the diversity of previously recognized pharmacological subtypes is matched, and probably surpassed, by the diversity of messenger RNAs that encode excitability molecules. In general, the diverse subtypes retain their properties when the excitability proteins are expressed in foreign cells such as oocytes and mammalian cell lines. Such heterologous expression may therefore become a tool for testing drugs against specific subtypes. In a systematic research program to exploit this possibility, major considerations include alternative processing of messenger RNA for excitability proteins, coupling to second-messenger systems, and expression of enough protein to provide material for structural studies.