gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of composite microstructures by capillarity-driven wetting of aligned carbon nanotubes with polymers (2007)

The interaction, or wetting, of long aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests with off-the-shelf (no solvent added) commercial thermoset polymers is investigated experimentally. A technique for creating vertically aligned CNT composite microstructures of various shapes is presented. The effective wetting of the forests, as evidenced by a lack of voids, by three polymers with widely varying viscosities supports the feasibility of using CNT forests in large-scale hybrid advanced composite architectures. Among various routes identified for the polymer to penetrate the forest, capillarity-driven wetting along the CNT axis is the preferred route. Aligned CNT microstructures are useful in many applications including test structures for direct mechanical and multifunctional property characterization of the aligned CNT–polymer composite materials.
Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020)

Finding the fastest pathway to vaccine availability includes the avoidance of safety pitfalls
Longitudinal Hinfinity Stability Augmentation System for a Thrust Vectored Unmanned Aircraft (2005)

The development of discrete longitudinal H infinity stability augmentation system to improve the handling qualities of a radio-controlled unmanned aircraft is presented. The aircraft features thrust-vector control by deflection of a cold jet to expand the operating envelope. Output sensitivity and a control sensitivity minimization problem are considered to suppress low-frequency gust disturbance and high-frequency noise disturbance and to ensure proper control allocation between the elevator and the thrust flap. Gain scheduling is avoided by designing a single controller at the operating point most sensitive to perturbations in actuators and the aerodynamic model. To this end, a systematic method to choose the design operating point is presented. The closed-loop system is comprehensively tested for robust stability using mu analysis and for robust performance over the entire cruise envelope. Disturbance and sensor noise rejection capabilities are assessed for realistic gust and sensor noise using nonlinear simulation and hardware in loop simulation. The entire design procedure, is performed in discrete time.
Phase II study of gemcitabine (Gem) and trastuzumab (T) combination therapy in first line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts) with HER2 overexpression (2006)

10591 Background: Phase III studies have demonstrated that the addition of T to chemo is associated with higher response rates (RR), improved time-to-progression (TTP) and improved overall survival in pts with metastatic HER2+ tumors. The greatest benefit from T-based therapy is found in women with pronounced HER2 overexpression (FISH+ or IHC 3+). Preclinical models suggest that Gem+T appear to be additive or synergistic. The present study was designed to determine overall RR (primary endpoint), TTP, OS and the toxicity profile of the combination of Gem+T as first-line therapy for MBC pts. Methods: Pts with measurable HER2-overexpressing (IHC 3+ or FISH+) MBC, no prior chemo in the metastatic setting (adjuvant was allowed), adequate end-organ function and PS 0–2, received Gem 1,250 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 and T on day 1 (8 mg/kg over 90 min on cycle 1, then 6 mg/kg over 30 min on subsequent cycles) of a 21-day cycle, until progressive disease or undue toxicity. A Simon’s optimal two-stage design was used with a total sample size of 66 (25 patients treated in the first stage and 41 additional patients in the second stage). Results: Sixty-six patients have been treated and results are available for sixty-four patients. Median age: 53 years (range 34–83); Race: Caucasian/Other 88%/12%. ER status positive/negative: 53%/47%. HER2 status IHC 3+/FISH+: 58/20 pts.; ECOG PS 0/1/2: 66%/30%/3%; Prior adjuvant therapy: Chemo 39 pts (prior anthra 31, prior taxane 21), Hormonal 32 pts (6 adj, 18 met, 8 both). Total number of cycles = 396; median = 6 (range 1–21). Toxicity was generally modest. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 11 pts (17%)/7 pts (11%); thrombocytopenia 3pts (5%)/1pt (2%), anemia 3 pts (4.7%)/ 0 pts, and 2 pts with grade 4 transaminase elevation, grade 3 elevated ALT 6 pts (9.4%); no other grade 4 toxicities were recorded. One pt with prior anthra exposure had a grade 2 decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction; no symptomatic cardiac toxicity was recorded. Best Overall RR assessment (N = 64): CR 8 (12.5%), PR 26 (40.6%) for an overall RR of 53.1% (95% CI: 40%-66%). TTP median 6 mo (95% CI: 4.4 -9.7 mo). Survival data not mature at this time. Conclusions: The combination of Gem+T in front-line MBC shows a high response rate with modest toxicity. [Table: see text]
Clinical Evaluation of Indocyanine Green Video-Angiography in the Diagnosis of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1992)

The Authors compared ICG video-angiographic findings in 85 eyes of 78 cases of presumed choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) associated with age-related macular degeneration with those diagnosed by fluorescein angiography. The detection rate of CNM was 68% with indocyanine green (ICG) video-angiography and 59% with fluorescein angiography. ICG video-angiography can be especially useful for identifying hemorrhagic or exudative detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium. In these cases, detection of CNM by ICG video-angiography was generally far superior to that by fluorescein angiography. However, some CNM in which leakage was identified with fluorescein angiography could not be visualized by ICG video-angiography.
ODOR-MEDIATED BEHAVIOR OF AFROTROPICAL MALARIA MOSQUITOES (1999)

The African mosquito species Anopheles gambiae sensu lato s.l. and Anopheles funestus rank among the world's most efficient vectors of human malaria. Their unique bionomics, particularly their anthropophilic, endophagic and endophilic characters, guarantee a strong mosquito-host interaction, favorable to malaria transmission. Olfactory cues govern the various behaviors of female mosquitoes and here we review the role of semiochemicals in the life history of African malaria vectors. Recent evidence points towards the existence of human-specific kairomones affecting host-seeking A. gambiae s.l., and efforts are under way to identify the volatiles mediating this behavior. Based on examples from other Culicidae spp., it is argued that there is good reason to assume that mating, sugar feeding, and oviposition behavior in Afrotropical malaria vectors may also be mediated by semiochemicals. It is foreseen that increased knowledge of odor-mediated behaviors will be applied in the development of novel sampling techniques and possibly alternative methods of intervention to control malaria.
Regulation of TNF‐α‐activated PKC‐ζ signaling by the human biliverdin reductase: identification of activating and inhibitory domains of the reductase (2007)

Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a dual function enzyme: a catalyst for bilirubin formation and a S/T/Y kinase that shares activators with protein kinase C (PKC) -zeta, including cytokines, insulin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Presently, we show that hBVR increases PKC-zeta autophosphorylation, stimulation by TNF-alpha, as well as cytokine stimulation of NF-kappaB DNA binding and promoter activity. S149 in hBVR S/T kinase domain and S230 in YLS230F in hBVR's docking site for the SH2 domain of signaling proteins are phosphorylation targets of PKC-zeta. Two hBVR-based peptides, KRNRYLS230F (#1) and KKRILHC281 (#2), but not their S-->A or C-->A derivatives, respectively, blocked PKC-zeta stimulation by TNF-alpha and its membrane translocation. The C-terminal-based peptide KYCCSRK296 (#3), enhanced PKC-zeta stimulation by TNF-alpha; for this, Lys296 was essential. In metabolically 32P-labeled HEK293 cells transfected with hBVR or PKC-zeta, TNF-alpha increased hBVR phosphorylation. TNF-alpha did not stimulate PKC-zeta in cells infected with small interfering RNA for hBVR or transfected with hBVR with a point mutation in the nucleotide-binding loop (G17), S149, or S230; this was similar to the response of "kinase-dead" PKC-zeta(K281R). We suggest peptide #1 blocks PKC-zeta-docking site interaction, peptide #2 disrupts function of the PKC-zeta C1 domain, and peptide #3 alters ATP presentation to the kinase. The findings are of potential significance for development of modulators of PKC-zeta activity and cellular response to cytokines.
The Road to Commendation by the Joint Commission (1997)

Undergoing a survey by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is an arduous and grueling task. In many healthcare settings, there is more emphasis than ever before on achieving commendation status, which is the highest rating possible from JCAHO. This article chronicles one hospital's journey toward receiving accreditation with commendation and is applicable to any hospital preparing for its own survey.
AMXT-1501, a novel polyamine transport inhibitor, synergizes with DFMO in inhibiting neuroblastoma cell proliferation by targeting both ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine transport (2013)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is associated with MYCN oncogene amplification occurring in approximately 30% of NBs and is associated with poor prognosis. MYCN is linked to a number of genes including ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. ODC expression is elevated in many forms of cancer including NB. Alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an ODC inhibitor, is currently being used in a Phase I clinical trial for treatment of NB. However, cancer cells treated with DFMO may overcome their polyamine depletion by the uptake of polyamines from extracellular sources. A novel polyamine transport inhibitor, AMXT-1501, has not yet been tested in NB. We propose that inhibiting ODC with DFMO, coupled with polyamine transport inhibition by AMXT-1501 will result in enhanced NB growth inhibition. Single and combination drug treatments were conducted on three NB cell lines. DFMO IC50 values ranged from 20.76 to 33.3 mM, and AMXT-1501 IC50 values ranged from 14.13 to 17.72 µM in NB. The combination treatment resulted in hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), suggesting growth inhibition via G1 cell cycle arrest. Increased expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 in combination-treated cells starting at 48 hr suggested apoptosis. The combination treatment depleted intracellular polyamine pools and decreased intracellular ATP, further verifying growth inhibition. Given the current lack of effective therapies for patients with relapsed/refractory NB and the preclinical effectiveness of DFMO with AMXT-1501, this combination treatment provides promising preclinical results. DFMO and AMXT-1501 may be a potential new therapy for children with NB.
MRI to detect atherosclerosis with gadolinium‐containing immunomicelles targeting the macrophage scavenger receptor (2006)

The ability to specifically image macrophages may enable improved detection and characterization of atherosclerosis. In this study we evaluated the in vitro uptake of gadolinium (Gd)-containing immunomicelles (micelles linked to macrophage-specific antibody), micelles, and standard contrast agents by murine macrophages, and sought to determine whether immunomicelles and micelles improve ex vivo imaging of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) murine atherosclerosis. Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with Gd-DTPA, micelles, and immunomicelles. Cell pellets were prepared and imaged using a 1.5 T MR system with an inversion recovery spin-echo sequence to determine the in vitro T1 values. Ex vivo analysis of mouse aortas was performed using a 9.4T MR system with a high-spatial-resolution sequence (78x39x78 microm3). The T1 value was significantly decreased in cells treated with micelles compared to Gd-DTPA (P<0.0001), and in cells incubated at 4 degrees C with immunomicelles compared to micelles (P<0.05). Ex vivo MRI signal intensity (SI) was significantly increased by 81% and 20% in aortas incubated with immunomicelles and micelles, respectively. Confocal microscopy demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo uptake of fluorescent immunomicelles by macrophages. Immunomicelles and micelles improve in vitro and ex vivo MR detection of macrophages, and may prove useful in the detection of macrophage-rich plaques.
Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and Psycholinguistics (1991)

Principles of principle-based parsing, R.C. Berwick deductive parsing - the use of knowledge of language, M. Johnson the computational implementation of principle-based parsers, S. Fong empty categories, chain binding, and parsing, N. Correa parsing Warlpiri - a free word order language, M.B. Kashket principle-based parsing for machine translation, B.J. Dorr principle-based interpretation of natural language quantifiers, S.S. Epstein avoid the pedestrian's paradox, E.P. Stabler Jr parsing with changing grammars - evaluating a language acquisition model, R. Kazman parsing by chunks, S.P. Abney subcategorization and sentence processing, P. Gorrell subjacency in a principle-based parser, B.L. Pritchett locating Wh traces, H.S. Kurtzman et al.
MALDI of Individual Biomolecule-Containing Airborne Particles in an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2005)

Individual airborne biomolecule-containing particles were detected and characterized in near real-time by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with an ion trap mass spectrometer. Biomolecule-containing particles were laboratory-generated and passed through a heated region containing a solution of matrix in equilibrium with the gas phase. Passage into a cooler region created a supersaturation, resulting in rapid deposition of the matrix vapor onto the biomolecule-containing particles, whereupon they were sampled into the inlet of our spectrometer. The coated particles were collimated and individually sized by light-scattering-based time-of-flight. When the sized particle reached the center of the ion trap, it was irradiated with a focused 266-nm laser, and the resulting ions were mass-analyzed. Mass spectra of leucine enkephalin, bradykinin, substance P, and polylysine-containing particles were determined with attomole sensitivity. Structural information of the peptides contained in an individual particle was obtained by tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of the results yields insights into the aerosol laser ablation ionization process that suggests an optically limited mechanism for ion production that has interesting ramifications on the utility of aerosol-based MALDI as an analytical technique.
Cloning and expression of cDNA for a mouse EP1 subtype of prostaglandin E receptor. (1993)

A functional cDNA clone encoding a mouse EP1 subtype of prostaglandin (PG) E receptor was isolated from a mouse cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the mouse thromboxane A2 receptor cDNA. The clone isolated encodes a protein consisting of 405 amino acid residues with putative seven-transmembrane domains. [3H]PGE2 specifically bound to the membrane of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing this clone. The binding to the membrane was displaced with unlabeled PGs in the order of PGE2 > iloprost (a prostacyclin analogue) > PGE1 > PGF2 alpha > U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 analogue) > PGD2. The binding was also inhibited by 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (an EP1 agonist) and sulprostone (an EP1 and EP3 agonist) but not by 11-deoxy PGE1 (an EP2 and EP3 agonist) and butaprost (an EP2 agonist). PGE2 induced a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the receptor. These results suggest that this receptor belongs to EP1 subtype of PGE receptor. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the mRNA of this receptor is expressed abundantly in kidney and in a lessor amount in lung.
Super compact split ring resonators CPW band pass filters (2004)

Coplanar waveguide (CPW) band pass filters consisting on signal-to-ground wire connections alternating with series gaps, and split ring resonators (SRRs) etched in the back substrate slide, underneath the slots, are presented for the first time. It is demonstrated that by properly tuning SRR dimensions, a narrow pass band below the cutoff frequency of the wired/gaped CPW structure can be obtained. The relevant characteristics of the designed structure are: insertion losses below 4 dBs in the allowed band, out of band rejection above 30 dBs, and very high transition slopes with only three SRR stages. Due to subwavelength operation of SRRs, the proposed structures are very compact with potential application to the fabrication of planar filters for future communication transceivers.
S2F, a Leaf-Specific trans-Acting Factor, Binds to a Novel cis-Acting Element and Differentially Activates the RPL21 Gene (1997)

Thierry Lagrange, Sylviane Gauvin, Hye-Jeong Yeo, , S2F, a Leaf-Specific trans-Acting Factor, Binds to a Novel cis-Acting Element and Differentially Activates the RPL21 Gene, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 8 (Aug., 1997), pp. 1469-1479
The prognostic role of p53, metallothionein, P-glycoprotein, and MIB-1 in muscle-invasive urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. (1998)

Tissue from primary tumors was analyzed for 118 patients with urothelial cancer who subsequently received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for nuclear p53 reactivity; for two proposed mediators of drug resistance, metallothionein (MT) and P-glycoprotein; and for the cell proliferation marker MIB-1. For each marker, immunoreactivity was expressed as a percentage of positively staining cells, and overall intensity of staining was graded on a scale from 0 to 3. The product of these two measurements was calculated to generate a percentage-intensity index. Clinical data were obtained independently via retrospective chart review. Chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin (cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine or methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) were administered for metastatic disease (n = 64), for locally advanced disease (n = 45), or as an adjuvant treatment (n = 9). The overall response rate was 56% among 99 evaluable patients, and median survival was 12.7 months. By univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.0025), tumor grade (P = 0.03), percentage of MT staining (P = 0.01), and percentage-intensity index of MT staining (P = 0.04) were significant predictors of response to chemotherapy. The first three of these were significant in a multivariate model (P = 0.05, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). By subgroup analysis, the percentage of MT staining predicted for response in metastatic disease (P = 0.03), but not in locally advanced disease (P = 0.28). Only performance status was significantly related to overall survival (P = 0.0001, log-rank test) in the whole cohort. Overexpression of MT in the 64 patients with metastatic disease was associated with a shorter survival (P = 0.04). Expression of p53, P-glycoprotein, and MIB-1 did not predict for survival. In conclusion, overexpression of MT is associated with a poorer outcome from chemotherapy, possibly due to cisplatin resistance.
Moderate hypothermia after cardiac arrest of 17 minutes in dogs. Effect on cerebral and cardiac outcome. (1990)

Moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) induced before circulatory arrest is known to improve neurologic outcome. We explored, for the first time in a reproducible dog outcome model, moderate hypothermia induced during reperfusion after cardiac arrest (resuscitation). In three groups of six dogs each (N = 18), normothermic ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (no blood flow) of 17 minutes was reversed by cardiopulmonary bypass--normothermic in control group I (37.5 degrees C) and hypothermic to 3 hours in groups II (32 degrees C) and III (28 degrees C). Defibrillation was achieved in less than or equal to 5 minutes and partial bypass was continued to 4 hours, controlled ventilation to 20 hours, and intensive care to 96 hours. All 18 dogs survived. Electroencephalographic activity returned significantly earlier in groups II and III. Mean +/- SD best neurologic deficit between 48 and 96 hours was 44 +/- 8% in group I, 38 +/- 12% in group II, and 35 +/- 7% in group III (differences not significant). Best overall performance category 2 (good outcome) between 48 and 96 hours was achieved in none of the six dogs in group I and in four of the 12 dogs in the combined hypothermic groups II and III (difference not significant). Mean +/- SD brain total histologic damage score was 130 +/- 22 in group I, 93 +/- 28 in group II (p = 0.05), and 80 +/- 26 in group III (p = 0.03). Gross myocardial damage was greater in groups II and III than in group I--numerically higher overall and significantly higher in group III for the right ventricle alone (p = 0.02). Moderate hypothermia after prolonged cardiac arrest may or may not improve cerebral outcome slightly and can worsen myocardial damage.
[Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Carcinoma]. (2015)

The early diagnosis and treatment of pituitary carcinoma is difficult. The diagnosis is often delayed, and the confirmation of a diagnosis requires the presence of distant subarachnoid,brain or systemic metastasis from the primary pituitary tumor in the sella and also needs the evidences of pathology and imaging of the primary pituitary carcinoma and metastases. Treatment of pituitary carcinoma includes surgery, radiation therapy ,hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted therapy; however, these methods are mainly palliative and can not prolong the survival. The prognosis remains poor. Efforts should be made to develop more effective diagnosis and treatment options.
Self-generated covalent cross-links in the cell-surface adhesins of Gram-positive bacteria (2015)

The ability of bacteria to adhere to other cells or to surfaces depends on long, thin adhesive structures that are anchored to their cell walls. These structures include extended protein oligomers known as pili and single, multi-domain polypeptides, mostly based on multiple tandem Ig-like domains. Recent structural studies have revealed the widespread presence of covalent cross-links, not previously seen within proteins, which stabilize these domains. The cross-links discovered so far are either isopeptide bonds that link lysine side chains to the side chains of asparagine or aspartic acid residues or ester bonds between threonine and glutamine side chains. These bonds appear to be formed by spontaneous intramolecular reactions as the proteins fold and are strategically placed so as to impart considerable mechanical strength.
Climate Change and the Volunteer Emergency Management Sector (2009)

The potential impact of climate change on the capabilities of the volunteer emergency management sector are discussed. The need is for governments, community and organizations to understand that lead agencies for climate change are volunteer agencies, many of which are not well-sourced.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: signalling in development and disease (2009)

RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, RTKs reveal oncogenic potential when their kinase activities are constitutively enhanced by point mutation, amplification or rearrangement of the corresponding genes. The ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) RTK was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of RTKs that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to NPM (nucleophosmin) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). To date, many chromosomal rearrangements leading to enhanced ALK activity have been described and are implicated in a number of cancer types. Recent reports of the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4)-ALK oncoprotein in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), together with the identification of activating point mutations in neuroblastoma, have highlighted ALK as a significant player and target for drug development in cancer. In the present review we address the role of ALK in development and disease and discuss implications for the future.