gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic shaping, bandwidth allocation, and quality assessment for MPEG video distribution over broadband networks (1998)

This article provides an overview of residential video delivery systems and presents the applications, benefits, and challenges of using VBR MPEG video encoding in broadband video distribution networks. The network resources required to transmit stored variable-rate MPEG can be reduced by properly analyzing and smoothing the video stream before transmission. A scheduling technique is presented which selects a traffic contract for a pre-encoded MPEG video stream with the criteria of minimizing network resources and maintaining video quality. Several effective bandwidth metrics are discussed and used to model the potential savings in network resources for the shaped streams.
Amyloid β-protein oligomers and Alzheimer’s disease (2013)

The oligomer cascade hypothesis, which states that oligomers are the initiating pathologic agents in Alzheimer's disease, has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which suggested that fibers were the key etiologic agents in Alzheimer's disease. We review here the results of in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies of amyloid β-protein oligomers, and discuss important caveats that should be considered in the evaluation of these results. This article is divided into four sections that mirror the main approaches used in the field to better understand oligomers: (1) attempts to locate and examine oligomers in vivo in situ; that is, without removing these species from their environment; (2) studies involving oligomers extracted from human or animal tissues and the subsequent characterization of their properties ex vivo; (3) studies of oligomers that have been produced synthetically and studied using a reductionist approach in relatively simple in vitro biophysical systems; and (4) computational studies of oligomers in silico. These multiple orthogonal approaches have revealed much about the molecular and cell biology of amyloid β-protein. However, as informative as these approaches have been, the amyloid β-protein oligomer system remains enigmatic.
The Flavonoids of Tomatoes (2008)

Tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) have been recognized as an important source of dietary flavonoids because of a high consumption worldwide. The qualitative and quantitative flavonoid compositions of assorted tomato cultivars including individual quantitative contributions of the five most significant flavonoids have been determined in this work. The dihydrochalcone phloretin 3',5'-di-C-beta-glucopyranoside and the flavonol quercetin 3-O-(2''-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-6''-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) were identified for the first time in Solanaceae spp. and found to be among the main flavonoids in all cultivars. Phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glc is the first C-glycoside identified in tomatoes and also the first dihydrochalcone from this species. In addition, chalconaringenin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, and quercetin 3-rutinoside (rutin), though previously reported to occur in tomato, were fully characterized by extensive use of 2D NMR techniques and high-resolution LCMS. The total flavonoid content of different tomato types varied from 4 to 26 mg 100 (-1) g FW with chalconaringenin as the predominant compound comprising 35 to 71% of the total flavonoid content. The individual quantities of quercetin 3-O-(2''- O-beta-apiofuranosyl-6''- O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) and phloretin 3',5'-di-C-beta-glucopyranoside was similar to that of rutin in several cultivars.
The visual display of information in an information retrieval environment (1986)

This paper gives an overview of the graphical techniques which have been used in the representation of information in a document collection environment. An assessment of the applicability of existing multivariate data graphical techniques to the vector space model is presented.
Effect of dietary monensin and tetronasin on rumen fermentation in sheep (1990)

Tetronasin is an ionophore which improves feed conversion efficiency in ruminants (Bartle et al , 1988). Its nutritional effects are at least partly derived from its influence on nitrogen and energy metabolism in the rumen. The mode of action of tetronasin is therefore similar to monensin and although it is more potent than monensin, it has a similar spectrum of antimicrobial activity (Newbold et al , 1988). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the inclusion of tetronasin or monensin in the diet on the rumen fermentation. Three mature sheep weighing approximately 50 kg and fitted with rumen cannulae were fed 1 kg/d of a mixed diet of hay, barley, molasses, fishmeal and vitamins/minerals (500, 299.5, 100, 91 and 9.5 g/kg dry matter respectively) in two equal meals. A control diet (no addition, C), tetronasin (10 ppm in the diet, T) or monensin (33 ppm, M) were compared in a 3 x 3 Latin square. Periods were 28 days long with samples taken on two consecutive days during the last 5 days. Samples of rumen fluid were withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the morning feed for the determination of pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) L-lactic acid and ammonia concentrations.
Structured Interleaver Design Based on Two Interleaving Distances (2002)

Based on the analysis of codeword Hamming distances, two parameters, i.e. self-interleaving distance and cross-interleaving distance, are proposed herein. To make these two distances as large as possible, a method to evaluate the efficiency of an interleaver produced and a new type of structured interleaver is proposed. Simulations show that turbo codes with the new type of structured interleaver can obtain a better performance compared with a random interleaver or a block interleaver.
Interaction of CPCCOEt with a chimeric mGlu1b and calcium sensing receptor (1999)

7-Hydroxyiminocyclopropan[b]chromen-1a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (CPCCOEt) has previously been shown to be a selective non-competitive antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor subtype 1. In this study we have tested the effect of CPCCOEt on mGlu1b, the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) and a chimeric receptor consisting of the agonist binding amino-terminal domain (ATD) of CaR and the seven transmembrane (7TM) domain of mGlu1b (named Ca/1b). CPCCOEt inhibited responses of (S)-glutamic acid and Ca2+ at mGlu1b and Ca/1b, applied at EC50 values, with IC50 values of 10.2 microM and 13.4 microM, respectively, whereas it was weak as an antagonist of Ca2+ at CaR. These data provides strong evidence that CPCCOEt exerts its antagonistic effect on mGlu1 solely by binding to the 7TM domain.
Muscodor sutura, a novel endophytic fungus with volatile antibiotic activities (2011)

Muscodor sutura is described as a novel species that is also an endophyte of Prestonia trifidi. Uniquely, this fungus produces a reddish pigment, on potato dextrose agar (PDA), when grown in the dark. In addition, the organism makes some volatile organic compounds that have not been previously reported from this genus, namely, thujopsene, chamigrene, isocaryophyllene, and butanoic acid, 2-methyl. These and other volatile compounds in the mixture possess wide-spectrum antifungal activity and no observable antibacterial activity. Most unusually, on PDA, the newly developing hyphae of this fungus grow in a perfect stitching pattern, in and out of the agar surface. The partial ITS–DNA sequence of this organism is identical to that of Muscodor vitigenus but it differs from all other Muscodor spp. Justification for a new species, as Muscodor sutura, is collectively based on morphological, cultural, chemical, and bioactivity properties.
Design and evaluation of a resource selection framework for Grid applications (2003)

While distributed, heterogeneous collections of computers ("Grids") can in principle be used as a computing platform, in practice the problems of first discovering and then organizing resources to meet application requirements are difficult. We present a general-purpose resource selection framework that addresses these problems by defining a resource selection service for locating Grid resources that match application requirements. At the heart of this framework is a simple, but powerful, declarative language based on a technique called set matching, which extends the Condor matchmaking framework to support both single-resource and multiple-resource selection. This framework also provides an open interface for loading application-specific mapping modules to personalize the resource selector. We present results obtained when this framework is applied in the context of a computational astrophysics application, Cactus. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.
Regulation of human mast cell tryptase. Effects of enzyme concentration, ionic strength and the structure and negative charge density of polysaccharides (1987)

Tryptase was previously shown to undergo rapid inactivation under physiological conditions unless stabilized by the presence of heparin. The current study shows that increasing the concentration of free tryptase enhances the preservation of enzymic activity, consistent with dissociation of the tetramer, rather than autodegradation, as the mechanism of inactivation. Heparin glycosaminoglycan fragments of Mr greater than 5700 are necessary for complete stabilization of tryptase activity. This stabilizing effect depends upon negative charge density rather than carbohydrate composition. Thus, keratan sulphate or hyaluronic acid were no better than physiological buffer alone; chondroitin monosulphates and heparan sulphate each prolonged the t1/2 about 20-fold over buffer alone; chondroitin sulphate E prolonged the t1/2 69-fold; and dextran sulphate and heparin provided complete stabilization of tryptase activity for 120 min. Poly-D-glutamic acid prolonged the t1/2 55-fold. In each case the loss of tryptase activity followed apparent first-order kinetics. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 0.01 M to 1.0 M increased the stability of free tryptase. In contrast, increasing the NaCl concentration in the presence of stabilizing polysaccharides decreased the stability of tryptase until dissociation of tryptase from each polysaccharide presumably occurred; thereafter tryptase stability increased as did that of free tryptase. The effect of salt concentration on heparin-stabilized tryptase activity (as opposed to stability) was also evaluated. The mast cell proteoglycans heparin and chondroitin sulphate E, by virtue of containing the naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans of highest negative charge density, may play a major role in the regulation of mast cell tryptase activity in vivo.
High-speed, mode-locked, tunable, integrated erbium fibre laser (1992)

A diode-pumped, integrated erbium fibre ring laser has been mode-locked at frequencies up to 14 GHz using a high speed lithium niobate amplitude modulator. Pulses of 20–30 ps duration have been generated with mean output powers of 7.5 mW. In addition, the laser could be efficiently tuned over the 1.52–1.57μm wavelength region.
SNARE Protein Mimicry by an Intracellular Bacterium (2008)

Many intracellular pathogens rely on host cell membrane compartments for their survival. The strategies they have developed to subvert intracellular trafficking are often unknown, and SNARE proteins, which are essential for membrane fusion, are possible targets. The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replicate within an intracellular vacuole, termed an inclusion. A large family of bacterial proteins is inserted in the inclusion membrane, and the role of these inclusion proteins is mostly unknown. Here we identify SNARE-like motifs in the inclusion protein IncA, which are conserved among most Chlamydia species. We show that IncA can bind directly to several host SNARE proteins. A subset of SNAREs is specifically recruited to the immediate vicinity of the inclusion membrane, and their accumulation is reduced around inclusions that lack IncA, demonstrating that IncA plays a predominant role in SNARE recruitment. However, interaction with the SNARE machinery is probably not restricted to IncA as at least another inclusion protein shows similarities with SNARE motifs and can interact with SNAREs. We modelled IncA's association with host SNAREs. The analysis of intermolecular contacts showed that the IncA SNARE-like motif can make specific interactions with host SNARE motifs similar to those found in a bona fide SNARE complex. Moreover, point mutations in the central layer of IncA SNARE-like motifs resulted in the loss of binding to host SNAREs. Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time mimicry of the SNARE motif by a bacterium.
Illegitimate WNT signaling promotes proliferation of multiple myeloma cells (2004)

The unrestrained growth of tumor cells is generally attributed to mutations in essential growth control genes, but tumor cells are also influenced by signals from the environment. In multiple myeloma (MM), the factors and signals coming from the bone marrow microenvironment are possibly even essential for the growth of the tumor cells. As targets for intervention, these signals may be equally important as mutated oncogenes. Given their oncogenic potential, WNT signals form a class of paracrine growth factors that could act to influence MM cell growth. In this paper, we report that MM cells have hallmarks of active WNT signaling, whereas the cells have not undergone detectable mutations in WNT signaling genes such as adenomatous polyposis coli and beta-catenin (CTNNB1). We show that the malignant MM plasma cells overexpress beta-catenin, including its N-terminally unphosphorylated form, suggesting active beta-catenin/T cell factor-mediated transcription. Further accumulation and nuclear localization of beta-catenin, and/or increased cell proliferation, was achieved by stimulation of WNT signaling with either Wnt3a, LiCl, or the constitutively active S33Y mutant of beta-catenin. In contrast, by blocking WNT signaling by dominant-negative T cell factor, we can interfere with the growth of MM cells. We therefore suggest that MM cells are dependent on an active WNT signal, which may have important implications for the management of this incurable form of cancer.
Equivalent induction of telomerase-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing patients and healthy individuals. (2001)

Although high frequencies of T lymphocytes specific for certain tumor-associated antigens have been detected in some cancer patients, increasing evidence suggests that these T cells may be functionally defective in vivo and fail to induce meaningful clinical responses. One strategy to overcome this limitation is to target novel antigens that are ignored during the natural antitumor immune response but are nevertheless capable of triggering effector T-cell responses against tumors after optimal presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Here, we show that the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT)-a nearly universal tumor antigen identified by epitope deduction rather than from patient immune responses-is immunologically ignored by patients despite progressive tumor burden. Nevertheless, HLA-A2-restricted CTLs against hTERT are equivalently induced ex vivo from patients and healthy individuals and efficiently kill human tumor cell lines and primary tumors. Thus, telomerase-specific T cells from cancer patients are spared functional inactivation because of immunological ignorance. These findings support clinical efforts to target the hTERT as a tumor antigen with broad therapeutic potential.
Efficient CNN Implementation for Eye-Gaze Estimation on Low-Power/Low-Quality Consumer Imaging Systems (2018)

Accurate and efficient eye gaze estimation is important for emerging consumer electronic systems such as driver monitoring systems and novel user interfaces. Such systems are required to operate reliably in difficult, unconstrained environments with low power consumption and at minimal cost. In this paper a new hardware friendly, convolutional neural network model with minimal computational requirements is introduced and assessed for efficient appearance-based gaze estimation. The model is tested and compared against existing appearance based CNN approaches, achieving better eye gaze accuracy with significantly fewer computational requirements. A brief updated literature review is also provided.
Classification of Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognitive Status with Large-Scale Network Analysis Based on Resting-State Functional MR Imaging (2011)

LSN analysis revealed that interconnectivity patterns of brain regions can be used to classify subjects with AD, those with aMCI, and CN subjects. In addition, the altered connectivity networks were significantly correlated with the results of cognitive tests.
Resonances of a Violin Body Studied by Hologram Interferometry and Acoustical Methods (1970)

Hologram interferometry is applied to study resonances of a violin body. A violin is made and after each major step, modes of vibration are studied. The top plate is studied in six steps: without and with f-holes, with f-holes and bass bar, with an artificial sound post, in the assembled instrument without and with strings. The back plate is studied in four steps: without and with artificial sound post, in the assembled instrument without and with strings. Interferograms of the lowest five to seven modes ranging from about 400 to 1 300 Hz are shown. The top plate is shown to be divided into plate and body resonances. The back plate is acting more as a unit together with the ribs thus mainly giving body-resonances. Deformations of the violin are studied when strings are pressed against the fingerboard, by double exposure hologram interferometry. The lowest air resonance of the sounding box and frequency responses are acoustically measured. In playing the unvarnished violin the tone is found powerful and even.
Detection of Differentially Expressed Glycogenes in Trabecular Meshwork of Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (2006)

Microarray technology was used to show, for the first time, that POAG TM has a distinct glycogene expression profile. Differentially expressed glycogenes identified in this study have not been previously investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of POAG and thus are novel factors for further study of the mechanism of the disease and for their possible use as diagnostic markers.
Classification of Daily Activities for the Elderly Using Wearable Sensors (2017)

Monitoring of activities of daily living (ADL) using wearable sensors can provide an objective indication of the activity levels or restrictions experienced by patients or elderly. The current study presented a two-sensor ADL classification method designed and tested specifically with elderly subjects. Ten healthy elderly were involved in a laboratory testing with 6 types of daily activities. Two inertial measurement units were attached to the thigh and the trunk of each subject. The results indicated an overall rate of misdetection being 2.8%. The findings of the current study can be used as the first step towards a more comprehensive activity monitoring technology specifically designed for the aging population.
Hardware security for software privacy support (1999)

The security level in existing workstation and server systems is not sufficient for most applications in a network environment. The processors only provide basic multitasking support, and any other security enforcement has to be carried out in the software layers. It is shown why stronger hardware security must be provided by the processor, and how it can be realised to limit the execution time overhead to 2%. This overhead is only required for the critical parts of the code that need strong protection.
A new way to prevent thrombosis? (2007)

such as BCR and CD40 encounter the respective ligands, allowing for CLL-cell survival and clonal propagation. Collectively, these studies emphasize that prognostic markers are not an end in itself, but rather provide keys to a better understanding of the disease.
Development of a Master Slave System with Force Sensing Using Pneumatic Servo System for Laparoscopic Surgery (2007)

In the teleoperated minimally invasive surgery systems, measurement and display of sense of force to the operator is a problem. In this paper, a manipulator for supporting forceps has been developed which has 3-DOFs actuated by pneumatic cylinders. We also developed a master manipulator using a delta mechanism and a gimbal mechanism with a force sensor and motors with reduction gears. In the developed master-slave system, we applied different impedance control to each manipulator. The force control type of impedance control is adopted without force sensor for the pneumatic slave manipulator. For the master manipulator the motion control type of impedance control is implemented. The experimental results indicated that the operator could feel the force at the slave side to a satisfactory extent.
Efecto spillover ante un evento laboral: Un análisis empírico para el mercado continuo español (2005)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the reaction of the stock prices of competing companies to the signature of a firm-level collective agreement. Considering that this type of agreement slants to the rise the wages of these firms with respect to those of the sector, we have found empirical evidence that, for the Spanish Market, a firm-level agreement incorporates information that could be negatively considered by the investors of the companies which sign own agreement. This would entail a sale of the affected titles whose price would then fall. This paper analyses whether this labour event affects the stock price of competing companies, that is to say, whether a spillover effect exist. The arrival of the new information inherent in the signature of the agreement could differently affect competing companies based on the type of agreement they have in that moment: either a sectorial or a firm level one. The general results of this paper confirm the spillover effect, although different reactions are observed depending on the sector to which the company belongs, on its structure of negotiation and on the type of agreement they have.
A Defect in the Transport of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Associated with Acute Liver Failure (1998)

Fatty-acid oxidation has a major role in energy production during periods of fasting. When body glucose is depleted, fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue, taken up by the liver, and converted to ketone bodies, a major alternative source of energy for peripheral tissues.1 At the cellular level, after being transported through the cell membrane and then into the mitochondria by means of a carnitine-dependent system, long-chain fatty acids are predominantly oxidized in mitochondria.2,3 Common clinical features of disorders of fatty-acid oxidation are metabolic decompensation during fasting, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and acute dysfunction of fatty-acid–dependent tissues (skeletal muscle, heart, and . . .