gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-CD3 antibody induces rapid expression of cytokine genes in vivo. (1990)

Anti-CD3 antibody was administered to mice i.v. and the kinetics of spleen cell cytokine mRNA expression studied by Northern analysis. Untreated mice and mice receiving control antibody had low or undetectable amounts of mRNA for c-fos, c-myc, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. After injection of anti-CD3 antibody, substantial increases in all were found. Induction of c-fos was detected at 10 min and of c-myc at 30 min after injection. IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma mRNA were induced by 30 min and reached peak levels at 60 min. Thereafter, IL-2 and IL-4 mRNA declined, whereas IFN-gamma mRNA persisted. The induced cytokine mRNA was not observed in athymic nu/nu mice nor in normal spleen cells from which T cells had been depleted in vitro. The early in vivo induction of IL-4 mRNA contrasts with prior in vitro studies in which IL-4 production was difficult to detect after primary stimulation. To assess the possibility that many T cells had been preprimed in vivo, germfree mice were compared with conventional mice and no differences in cytokine mRNA were found. These data show that T cell-dependent IL message production can be induced rapidly in vivo without prepriming and that the cytokine messages induced after anti-CD3 antibody administration do not suggest a predominance of either Th1 or Th2 type cells.
Some substitution reactions of thieno[3,2-f]quinoline (1970)

Mononitration, monobromination, and Friedel–Crafts acylation of thieno[3,2-f]quinoline occurred in the 2-position; dibromination in concentrated sulphuric acid gave the 1,2-dibromo-derivative. The Hunsdiecker reaction of thieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid gave a mixture of 1,2,5-tribromothieno[3,2-f]quinoline and 5-bromothieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid in addition to unchanged starting material. Bromination of sodium thieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylate gave the 5-bromo-acid. N-methylthieno[3,2-f]quinolinium hydrogen sulphate was oxidised to N-methylthieno[3,2-f]quinolin-7-one, which, on treatment with phosphorus pentachloride, gave 7-chlorothieno[3,2-f]quinoline. However, the methosulphate reacted with aqueous potassium cyanide to give 6,9-dihydro-N-methylthieno[3,2-f]quinoline-9-carbonitrile which when oxidised with iodine in pyridine yielded 9-cyano-N-methylthieno[3,2-f]quinolinium iodide. Demethylation gave thieno [3,2-f]quinoline-9-carbonitrile. The Reissert compound derived from thieno[3,2-f]quinoline reacted with phosphorus pentachloride to yield thieno[3,2-f]quinoline-7-carbonitrile, which on hydrolysis with concentrated hydrochloric acid yielded the 7-carboxylic acid. This was methylated with diazomethane to give methyl thieno[3,2-f]quinoline-7-carboxylate. The assignment of these structures has been confirmed whenever possible by conversion of the compounds into known compounds and comparison with authentic samples, or is derived from a study of the relevant 1H n.m.r. spectra.
Negative regulation of platelet function by a secreted cell repulsive protein, semaphorin 3A (2005)

Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a secreted disulfide-bound homodimeric molecule that induces growth cone collapse and repulsion of axon growth in the nervous system. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Sema3A is produced by endothelial cells and inhibits integrin function in an autocrine fashion. In this study, we investigated the effects of Sema3A on platelet function by using 2 distinct human Sema3A chimera proteins. We detected expression of functional Sema3A receptors in platelets and dose-dependent and saturable binding of Sema3A to platelets. Sema3A dose-dependently inhibited activation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 by all agonists examined including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, convulxin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and A23187. Sema3A inhibited not only platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or collagen but also platelet adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. Moreover, Sema3A impaired alphaIIbbeta3-independent spreading on glass coverslips and aggregation-independent granular secretion. Sema3A inhibited agonist-induced elevation of filamentous action (F-actin) contents, phosphorylation of cofilin, and Rac1 activation. In contrast, Sema3A did not affect the levels of cyclic nucleotides or agonist-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Thus, the extensive inhibition of platelet function by Sema3A appears to be mediated, at least in part, through impairment of agonist-induced Rac1-dependent actin rearrangement.
Fructan Metabolism In Grasses And Cereals (1991)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Induction of HIV-1 latency and reactivation in primary memory CD4+ T cells (2008)

The use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients does not lead to virus eradication. This is due, to a significant degree, to the fact that HIV-1 can establish a highly stable reservoir of latently infected cells. In this work, we describe an ex vivo experimental system that generates high levels of HIV-1 latently infected memory cells using primary CD4+ T cells. Using this model, we were able to dissect the T cell-signaling pathways and to characterize the long terminal repeat (LTR) cis-acting elements involved in reactivation of HIV-1 in memory CD4+ T cells. We conclude that Lck and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), but not NF-kappaB, are required for optimal latent virus reactivation in memory T cells. We also found that the cis-acting elements which are critical toward HIV-1 reactivation are the Sp1 and kappaB/NFAT transcription factor binding sites.
Low resistance, high dynamic range reconfigurable phase change switch for radio frequency applications (2010)

A GeTe reconfigurable phase change switch for radio frequency applications is presented. Low ON state resistance (180 Ω) and large dynamic range (7×103 X) were achieved through low resistance electrode design and high current. A partial crystallization and partial reamorphization model is proposed to explain the differences between the measured and calculated device ON (set) and OFF (reset) state resistances, respectively. The dependency between ON state resistance and reset current was estimated using a first order thermal design in steady state which suggests lower reset current by choosing materials of lower melting temperature and structures with better thermal isolation.
An Inducible Endothelial Cell Surface Glycoprotein Mediates Melanoma Adhesion (1989)

Hematogenous metastasis requires the arrest and extravasation of blood-borne tumor cells, possibly involving direct adhesive interactions with vascular endothelium. Cytokine activation of cultured human endothelium increases adhesion of melanoma and carcinoma cell lines. An inducible 110-kD endothelial cell surface glycoprotein, designated INCAM-110, appears to mediate adhesion of melanoma cells. In addition, an inducible endothelial receptor for neutrophils, ELAM-1, supports the adhesion of a human colon carcinoma cell line. Thus, activation of vascular endothelium in vivo that results in increased expression of INCAM-110 and ELAM-1 may promote tumor cell adhesion and affect the incidence and distribution of metastases.
Hydroxyurea-resistant vaccinia virus: overproduction of ribonucleotide reductase (1986)

Repeated passages of vaccinia virus in increasing concentrations of hydroxyurea followed by plaque purification resulted in the isolation of variants capable of growth in 5 mM hydroxyurea, a drug concentration which inhibited the reproduction of wild-type vaccinia virus 1,000-fold. Analyses of viral protein synthesis by using [35S]methionine pulse-labeling at intervals throughout the infection cycle revealed that all isolates overproduced a 34,000-molecular-weight (MW) early polypeptide. Measurement of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) activity after infection indicated that 4- to 10-fold more activity was induced by hydroxyurea-resistant viruses than by the wild-type virus. A two-step partial purification which yielded greater than 90% of the induced ribonucleotide reductase activity in the fraction obtained by 35% saturation with ammonium sulfate resulted in a substantial enrichment for the 34,000-MW protein from extracts of wild-type and hydroxyurea-resistant-virus-infected, but not mock-infected, cells. In the presence of the drug, the isolates incorporated [3H]thymidine into DNA earlier and at a rate substantially greater than that of the wild type, although the onset of DNA synthesis was delayed in both cases. In the absence of the drug, the attainment of a maximum viral DNA synthesis rate was accelerated after infection by drug-resistant isolates. The drug resistance trait was markedly unstable in all isolates. In the absence of selective pressure, plaque-purified isolates readily segregated progeny that displayed a wide range of resistance phenotypes. The results of this study indicate that vaccinia virus encodes a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase which is a 34,000-MW early protein whose overproduction confers hydroxyurea resistance on reproducing viruses.
Treatment of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2005)

From the Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX Sponsored by MedImmune, Inc.
Identification of Nucleotide Sequences for the Specific and Rapid Detection of Yersinia pestis (2001)

Suppression subtractive hybridization, a cost-effective approach for targeting unique DNA, was used to identify a 41.7-kb Yersinia pestis-specific region. One primer pair designed from this region amplified PCR products from natural isolates of Y. pestis and produced no false positives for near neighbors, an important criterion for unambiguous bacterial identification.
Ventilator-induced lung injury and the evolution of lung-protective strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome. (2001)

Traditional ventilator management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emphasizing normalization of blood gases, promoted high rates of conventional barotrauma. Research revealed a broader range of ventilator-induced lung injury, physiologically and histopathologically indistinguishable from ARDS itself. It is now known that overdistention and cyclic inflation of injured lung can exacerbate lung injury and probably promote systemic inflammation, effects minimized by low tidal volumes/plateau pressures and by application of positive end-expiratory pressure. No compelling data suggest a safe interval for nonprotective ventilation in humans; historically defined "low" tidal volumes may remain excessive for certain patients. Protective ventilation, however, entails carbon dioxide accumulation ("permissive hypercapnia"). Despite extensive study, debate remains, even over whether consequent respiratory acidosis is harmful, tolerable with physiologic adaptation, or intrinsically adaptive. Its gross systemic effects seem generally tolerated by critically ill patients; however, subsets, including those with ischemic heart disease, left or right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cranial injury, may be at higher risk. In controlled trials demonstrating mortality benefit from lung-protective ventilation, acidosis was more tightly controlled than in negative studies. Decreased acidosis-associated dyspnea probably explains reduced use of sedatives and paralytics noted in those trials. There may thus be disparate goals in ARDS management: rapid institution of a restrictive ventilatory strategy, and avoidance of significant acidosis. We review data pertaining to ARDS physiology, ventilator-induced lung injury, lung-protective ventilatory strategies, and the physiology of respiratory acidosis. Tracheal gas insufflation is considered as a means to reconcile the clinical goals of ventilatory reduction and control of acidosis.
Isoform‐specific expression of 14‐3‐3 proteins in human lung cancer tissues (2004)

14-3-3 Proteins play important roles in a wide range of vital regulatory processes, including signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and DNA replication. In mammalian cells, 7 14-3-3 isoforms (beta, gamma, epsilon, eta, sigma, theta and zeta) have been identified and each of these seems to have distinct tissue localizations and isoform-specific functions. Previous studies have shown that 14-3-3 protein levels are higher in human lung cancers as compared to normal tissues. It is unclear, however, which of the 14-3-3 isoform(s) are overexpressed in these cancers. In our study, the levels of all seven 14-3-3 isoforms were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. We show that the message for only two isoforms, 14-3-3epsilon and zeta, could be detected in normal tissues. In lung cancer biopsies, however, four isoforms, 14-3-3beta, gamma, sigma, and theta;, in addition to 14-3-3epsilon and zeta, were present in abundance. The expression frequency of 14-3-3beta, gamma, sigma and theta; isoforms was 11, 10, 13 and 8 of the 14 biopsies examined, respectively. The data from immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were consistent with the RT-PCR results. Given the prevalence of elevated 14-3-3 expression in human lung cancers we propose that these proteins may be involved in lung cancer tumorigenesis and that specific 14-3-3 proteins may be useful as markers for lung cancer diagnosis and targets for therapy.
Trigeminal Pathways Deliver a Low Molecular Weight Drug from the Nose to the Brain and Orofacial Structures (2010)

Intranasal delivery has been shown to noninvasively deliver drugs from the nose to the brain in minutes along the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. However, no one has investigated whether nasally applied drugs target orofacial structures, despite high concentrations observed in the trigeminal nerve innervating these tissues. Following intranasal administration of lidocaine to rats, trigeminally innervated structures (teeth, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and masseter muscle) were found to have up to 20-fold higher tissue concentrations of lidocaine than the brain and blood as measured by ELISA. This concentration difference could allow intranasally administered therapeutics to treat disorders of orofacial structures (i.e., teeth, TMJ, and masseter muscle) without causing unwanted side effects in the brain and the rest of the body. In this study, an intranasally administered infrared dye reached the brain within 10 minutes. Distribution of dye is consistent with dye entering the trigeminal nerve after intranasal administration through three regions with high drug concentrations in the nasal cavity: the middle concha, the maxillary sinus, and the choana. In humans the trigeminal nerve passes through the maxillary sinus to innervate the maxillary teeth. Delivering lidocaine intranasally may provide an effective anesthetic technique for a noninvasive maxillary nerve block. Intranasal delivery could be used to target vaccinations and treat disorders with fewer side effects such as tooth pain, TMJ disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, headache, and brain diseases.
CD20 positive cells are undetectable in the majority of multiple myeloma cell lines and are not associated with a cancer stem cell phenotype (2012)

Although new therapies have doubled the survival of multiple myeloma patients, this remains an incurable disease. It has been postulated that the so-called myeloma cancer stem cells would be responsible for tumor initiation and relapse but their unequivocal identification remains unclear. Here, we investigated in a panel of myeloma cell lines the presence of CD20(+) cells harboring a stem-cell phenotype. Thus, only a small population of CD20(dim+) cells (0.3%) in the RPMI-8226 cell line was found. CD20(dim+) RPMI-8226 cells expressed the plasma cell markers CD38 and CD138 and were CD19(-)CD27(-). Additionally, CD20(dim+) RPMI-8226 cells did not exhibit stem-cell markers as shown by gene expression profiling and the aldehyde dehydrogenase assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CD20(dim+) RPMI-8226 cells are not essential for CB17-SCID mice engraftment and show lower self-renewal potential than the CD20(-) RPMI-8226 cells. These results do not support CD20 expression for the identification of myeloma cancer stem cells.
Privacy: Theory meets Practice on the Map (2008)

In this paper, we propose the first formal privacy analysis of a data anonymization process known as the synthetic data generation, a technique becoming popular in the statistics community. The target application for this work is a mapping program that shows the commuting patterns of the population of the United States. The source data for this application were collected by the U.S. Census Bureau, but due to privacy constraints, they cannot be used directly by the mapping program. Instead, we generate synthetic data that statistically mimic the original data while providing privacy guarantees. We use these synthetic data as a surrogate for the original data. We find that while some existing definitions of privacy are inapplicable to our target application, others are too conservative and render the synthetic data useless since they guard against privacy breaches that are very unlikely. Moreover, the data in our target application is sparse, and none of the existing solutions are tailored to anonymize sparse data. In this paper, we propose solutions to address the above issues.
Phototoxic effect of blue light on the planktonic and biofilm state of anaerobic periodontal pathogens (2013)

Blue light exposure using a dental halogen curing unit is effective in reducing periodontal pathogens in the planktonic state. It is recommended that an adjunctive exogenous photosensitizer be used and that pathogens be exposed to visible light for clinical antimicrobial periodontal therapy.
Predictive dynamic load balancing of parallel and distributed rule and query processing (1994)

Expert Databases are environments that support the processing of rule programs against a disk resident database. They occupy a position intermediate between active and deductive databases, with respect to the level of abstraction of the underlying rule language. The operational semantics of the rule language influences the problem solving strategy, while the architecture of the processing environment determines efficiency and scalability.
Laterally grown porous polycrystalline silicon: a new material for transducer applications (2002)

The formation of porous polycrystalline silicon with pore growth constrained in a thin film has been demonstrated. The overlying silicon nitride layer is optically transparent and allows direct observation of the evolving pore structure. The porous microstructure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. In addition to measuring growth rates, the authors have explored the transition to the condition of uniform attack and have exploited this effect to form novel structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transform permuted watermarking for copyright protection of digital video (2002)

As we move into an age of widespread availability and distribution of digital video content, the content production industry has justifiable concerns about copyright violations; digital copies are simple, cheap and exact. Embedded invisible digital watermarks have been discussed and proposed in the past as a means of providing proof of ownership in cases where digital video copyright violations are claimed. However, previous solutions have suffered from a lack of true security and unmanageable limitations such as the requirement to have an authenticated original present when reading a watermark. In this paper, a new watermarking solution is described, based on a unique data randomisation approach, which provides excellent security while simultaneously achieving invisibility of the watermark and robustness to picture manipulation and distortion. The solution is easily implemented, tolerant of video compression and even digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital conversion, yet does not require availability of the original content to read the watermark.
Significance of antibody to DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus (1964)

Abstract A study was made of serum antibody to DNA and nucleoprotein in 35 patients with SLE, using immunofluorescent spot techniques. Anti DNA was confirmed by complement fixation and observation of the “shaggy” nuclear fluorescent pattern. A striking correlation was observed between presence of anti DNA and the acute phase of SLE. Anti‐nucleoprotein, the most constant finding, showed only a general correlation of titer with phase of disease. Diagnostic and pathogenetic implications are discussed.
IKZF1 deletion is associated with a poor outcome in pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Japan (2013)

Genetic alterations of Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), point mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) were recently reported to be associated with poor outcomes in pediatric B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL. Herein, we conducted genetic analyses of IKZF1 deletion, point mutation of JAK2 exon 16, 17, and 21, CRLF2 expression, the presence of P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion and F232C mutation in CRLF2 in 202 pediatric BCP-ALL patients newly diagnosed and registered in Japan Childhood Leukemia Study ALL02 protocol to find out if alterations in these genes are determinants of poor outcome. All patients showed good response to initial prednisolone (PSL) treatment. Ph⁺, infantile, and Down syndrome-associated ALL were excluded. Deletion of IKZF1 occurred in 19/202 patients (9.4%) and CRLF2 overexpression occurred in 16/107 (15.0%), which are similar to previous reports. Patients with IKZF1 deletion had reduced event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to those in patients without IKZF1 deletion (5-year EFS, 62.7% vs. 88.8%, 5-year OS, 71.8% vs. 90.2%). Our data also showed significantly inferior 5-year EFS (48.6% vs. 84.7%, log rank P = 0.0003) and 5-year OS (62.3% vs. 85.4%, log rank P = 0.009) in NCI-HR patients (n = 97). JAK2 mutations and P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion were rarely detected. IKZF1 deletion was identified as adverse prognostic factor even in pediatric BCP-ALL in NCI-HR showing good response to PSL.
A fast coding algorithm based on fast mode decision for HEVC standard (2013)

As the new generation standard of video coding, the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is intended to provide significantly better coding efficiency than all existing video coding standards. One of his improvements is the encoding process of the structure block. It was established that this process requires high computing power because it is performed using all the possible depth levels and prediction modes to find the one with the least rate distortion (RD) cost using Lagrange multiplier. To reduce the computational complexity, fast coding unit size decision algorithms were proposed and implemented in HM. These algorithms can significantly reduce computational complexity while maintaining almost the same performance as the original HEVC encoder.