gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Common Mutations C677T and A1298C in the Human Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Are Associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease in Hemodialysis Patients (2002)

Hyperhomocysteinemia, serum folate levels and both C677T and A1298C MTHFR mutations are associated with CVD in HD patients.
Sulphation by cultured cells. Cysteine, cysteinesulphinic acid and sulphite as sources for proteoglycan sulphate (1988)

Bovine aortic smooth-muscle cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells, and IMR-90 human embryonic lung fibroblasts were tested to determine their ability to use cysteine or cysteine metabolites as a source of sulphate (SO4). Cells were incubated in SO4-depleted medium containing [3H]glucosamine plus 0.2 mM-cystine, 0.3 mM-cysteinesulphinic acid or 0.3 mM-sulphite (SO3). The [3H]chondroitin sulphate produced by the different cells was found to vary considerably in degree of sulphation under these conditions. One line of smooth-muscle cells utilized cysteine effectively as a SO4 source and thus produced chondroitin sulphate which was highly sulphated. IMR-90 fibroblasts produced partly sulphated chondroitin sulphate under these conditions, while another smooth-muscle cell line could not utilize cysteine, but could utilize cysteinesulphinic acid as a partial SO4 source. In contrast with the above cells, endothelial cells could not use cysteine or cysteinesulphinic acid as a source of SO4 and produced chondroitin with almost no SO4. All of the cells were able to utilize SO3. Incubation of the cells in the SO4-depleted medium containing [35S]cysteine confirmed that only the first line of smooth-muscle cells could convert significant amounts of [35S]cysteine to 35SO4. Furthermore, the addition of 0.4 mM inorganic SO4 did not inhibit the production of SO4 from cysteine by these cells.
Prevention of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Growth in vivo by Induction of Apoptosis with Genistein, a Naturally Occurring Isoflavonoid (2003)

These findings suggest that the antimetastatic effect of genistein treatment in vivo is mediated by induction of apoptosis. Genistein may have a therapeutic benefit for patients with pancreatic cancer, in particular after surgery, to prevent recurrence of metastatic disease.
Determination of prostaglandins, and other metabolites of arachidonic acid by thermospray HPLC/MS using post column derivatization (1987)

Thermospray HPLC/MS analysis of the metabolites of arachidonic acid proved to be sensitive and specific. The compounds included were hydroxy-fatty acids (5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE) and prostaglandins PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGA2, PGA1, TXB2, and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha. Thermospray HPLC/MS analysis allows for simultaneous monitoring of each compound without the need for additional sample preparation or derivatization. The thermospray spectra for the metabolites exhibited [M + NH4]+ ions and fragment ions because of sequential loss of equivalents of H2O. HPLC/MS showed detection limits in the 0.5 to 5 ng range when using multiple ion detection for most of the metabolites. Post-column derivatization of these metabolites using trimethylanilinium hydroxide (TMAH) to form the methyl esters is also presented. This derivatization resulted in a gain in ion current by a factor of 3-6 for most compounds while adding potential specificity to the analysis. The thermospray spectra of the derivatives were nearly identical to the spectra of the free acid except the peaks were incremented by 14 daltons due to the methyl ester formation. The derivatization of the carboxylic acid group proved to be complete under thermospray conditions producing the maximum ion current and causing no compromise in operation of the interface.
Isothiocyanates: mechanism of cancer chemopreventive action (2002)

Dietary and synthetic isothiocyanates have cancer chemopreventive activity. Dietary isothiocyanates are formed from glucosinolate precursors of ingested green vegetables. Isothiocyanates are absorbed across intestinal cell membranes by passive diffusion and bind reversibly to plasma protein thiols by thiocarbamoylation. Free isothiocyanate enters cells and is converted to the glutathione conjugate by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The glutathione conjugate is exported from cells by multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), and metabolized in the mercapturic acid pathway to the corresponding mercapturic acid. The isothiocyanate is reformed by fragmentation of mercapturic acid pathway metabolites; it is inactivated by slow hydrolysis to the corresponding amine that is inactive in chemoprevention. Depletion of cellular glutathione and protein thiocarbamoylation activates signal transduction for cancer chemoprevention. Isothiocyanates inhibited and inactivated cytochrome P450 isoforms. They induced increased expression of GST, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase, aldo-keto reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. These responses were coordinated at the transcription level by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 acting through the antioxidant/electrophile enhancer response element and stimulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) pathway. Isothiocyanates also induced apoptosis of pre-cancerous cells and tumor cells activated by caspase-8 and potentiated by JNK1. The chemopreventive activity of isothiocyanates is influenced by the isothiocyanate bioavailability-as is toxicity, GST polymorphism, protein thiocarbamoylation and probably also by MRP expression. These features of isothiocyanate metabolism and chemoprevention deserve further investigation.
Genetic interaction between members of the Vangl family causes neural tube defects in mice (2008)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are very frequent congenital abnormalities in humans. Recently, we have documented independent association of Vangl1 and Vangl2 gene mutations with NTDs. In the Looptail mouse, homozygosity (but not heterozygosity) for loss-of-function alleles at Vangl2 causes the severe NTD craniorachischisis, whereas heterozygosity for mutant variants of VANGL1 is associated with NTDs in a human cohort of sporadic and familial cases. To understand the role of Vangl1 in normal development, we created a mouse mutant with an inactivating mutation at Vangl1 (Vangl1(gt)). Vangl1 shows a dynamic pattern of expression in the developing neural tube and notochord at the time of neural tube closure. Vangl1(gt/+) heterozygotes and Vangl1(gt/gt) homozygotes are viable and fertile, although Vangl1(gt/gt) display subtle alterations in polarity of inner hair cells of the cochlea. Remarkably, and as opposed to healthy Vangl1(gt/+) and Vangl2(lp/+) heterozygotes, Vangl1(gt/+);Vangl2(lp/+) double heterozygotes show profound developmental defects that include severe craniorachischisis, inner ear defects (disorganization of the stereociliary bundles of hair cells of the organ of Corti), and cardiac abnormality (aberrant right subclavian artery). These results show that genetic interaction between Vangl1 and Vangl2 genes causes neural tube defects and raise the possibility that interaction between individual Vangl genes and other genetic loci and/or environmental factors may additionally contribute to the etiology of NTDs.
In Situ Detection of β-Galactosidase in Lenses of Transgenic Mice with a γ-Crystallin/ lacZ Gene (1987)

Transgenic mice carrying the gamma 2-crystallin promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial lacZ gene were generated. The offspring of three founder mice expressed high levels of the enzyme solely in the central nuclear fiber cells of the lens as measured by an in situ assay for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. These results suggest that gamma 2-crystallin sequences between -759 to +45 contain essential information required for appropriate tissue-specific and temporal regulation of the mouse gamma 2-crystallin gene. In a broader context, this study also demonstrates the utility of beta-galactosidase hybrid gene constructs for monitoring the activity of gene regulatory elements in transgenic mice.
The ESP DES-CBC Cipher Algorithm With Explicit IV (1998)

community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Suppression of growth of tumour cell lines in vitro and tumours in vivo by mistletoe lectins. (2006)

A variety of studies have shown that incubation of different tumour cell lines with mistletoe lectins (MLs) in vitro has a marked cytotoxic effect. In the concentration range of low cytotoxicity cell death induced by ML-I is quantitatively due to apoptotic processes. The first events observed being membrane perforation and protusions. Simultaneous treatment of certain tumour cells with MLs rendered them more sensitive to induction of apoptosis by TNFalpha. The immunomodulatory activity of ML-I was investigated by measuring cytokine release and the results confirmed that cytokine induction by the lectin is regulated at the transcriptional level. ML-I has been shown to potentiate the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition to an in vitro effect a number of workers have demonstrated that MLs suppress tumour growth in vivo. Mistletoe lectins have been administered to animals locally to the tumour, systemic, subcutaneously or by the oral route via the diet. In many cases apoptosis was observed in the tumour and instances where complete tumour ablation has occurred have been reported. It has been hypothesized that the anticancer efficacy of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is potentiated by MLs isolated from both European and Korean mistletoe. There is accumulating evidence that both types of MLs are able to induce an anti-angiogenic response in the host suggesting that the anti-metastatic effect observed on a series of tumour cell lines in mice is in part due to an inhibition of tumour-induced angiogenesis and in part due to an induction of apoptosis.
Design and deployment of industrial sensor networks (2005)

Sensing technology is a cornerstone for many industrial applications. Manufacturing plants and engineering facilities, such as shipboard engine rooms, require sensors to ensure product quality and efficient and safe operation. We focus on one representative application, preventative equipment maintenance, in which vibration signatures are gathered to predict equipment failure. Based on application requirements and site surveys, we develop a general architecture for this class of industrial applications. This architecture meets the application's data fidelity needs through careful state preservation and over-sampling. We describe the impact of implementing the architecture on two sensing platforms with differing processor and communication capabilities. We present a systematic performance comparison between these platforms in the context of the application. We also describe our experience and lessons learned in two settings: in a semiconductor fabrication plant and onboard an oil tanker in the North Sea. Finally, we establish design guidelines for an ideal platform and architecture for industrial applications. This paper includes several unique contributions: a study of the impact of platform on architecture, a comparison of two deployments in the same application class, and a demonstration of application return on investment.
Somatostatin may participate in the antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (1995)

Glucocorticoids are potent antiinflammatory agents. They inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis and vascular permeability and generally suppress the expression of many inflammatory mediators. Recent reports suggested that somatostatin (Sms) had significant immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. In this study we examined the effects of glucocorticoids on immunoreactive somatostatin expression in aseptic inflammatory sites of Sprague-Dawley rats given carrageenin sc. The progress of the inflammatory reaction was studied over a 7-h period with respect to the volume and cellularity of the exudate and the levels of the inflammatory mediators expressed in the inflammatory site, including immunoreactive substance P (sP), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). Dexamethasone significantly reduced the volume and cellularity of the inflammatory exudates; in parallel, the levels of immunoreactive sP, CRH, and TNF alpha were significantly suppressed by this glucocorticoid. In contrast, immunoreactive Sms was stimulated by dexamethasone in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest another mechanism for suppression of the inflammatory reaction by glucocorticoids via stimulation of local Sms expression, which occurs in parallel to the inhibition of the local inflammatory mediators sP, CRH, and TNF alpha.
Taxonomy of the canine Mollicutes by 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer region sequence comparison (2004)

The taxonomy of canine Mollicutes is described, based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region sequences. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of two untyped mycoplasmas and the IGS region of 11 Mycoplasma species were determined and used for phylogenetic analysis. The two untyped Mycoplasma strains, HRC 689 and VJC 358, were found to be distinct from all known canine mycoplasmas and all published mycoplasma 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Gezielt hergestellte Zement gebundene zusammengesetzte Werkstoffe (ECC) - Neue extrem duktile Werkstoffe für dauerhaftere Tragwerke und für das Bauinstandsetzen / Engineered Cement-based Composites (ECC) - New Ultra Ductile Materials for More Durable Construction and Repair (2005)

Article Gezielt hergestellte Zement gebundene zusammengesetzte Werkstoffe (ECC) - Neue extrem duktile Werkstoffe für dauerhaftere Tragwerke und für das Bauinstandsetzen / Engineered Cement-based Composites (ECC) - New Ultra Ductile Materials for More Durable Construction and Repair was published on June 1, 2005 in the journal Restoration of Buildings and Monuments (volume 11, issue 3).
c-Abl Phosphorylates E6AP and Regulates Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity (2013)

In human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cells, the p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by the HPV-E6-E6AP complex, which promotes it for proteasomal degradation. We previously demonstrated that c-Abl tyrosine kinase protects p53 from HPV-E6-E6AP complex-mediated ubiquitination and degradation under stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism was not defined. In this study, we explored the possibility that c-Abl targets E6AP and thereby protects p53. We demonstrated that c-Abl interacts with and phosphorylates E6AP. We determined that the E3 ligase activity of E6AP is impaired in response to phosphorylation by c-Abl. We mapped the phosphorylation site to tyrosine 636 within the HECT catalytic domain of E6AP, and using substitution mutants, we showed that this residue dictates the E3 ligase activity of E6AP, in a substrate-specific manner. On the basis of the crystal structure of the HECT domain of E6AP, we propose a model in which tyrosine 636 plays a regulatory role in the oligomerization of E6AP, which is a process implicated in its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Our results suggest that c-Abl protects p53 from HPV-E6-E6AP complex-mediated degradation by phosphorylating E6AP and impairing its E3 ligase activity, thus providing a molecular explanation for the stress-induced protection of p53 in HPV-infected cells.
Reduction of High Expressed Emotion and Treatment Outcomes in Anorexia Nervosa—Caregivers’ and Adolescents’ Perspective (2020)

High expressed emotion (EE) is common in caregivers of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated with poorer outcome for patients. In this study, we examined the prevalence of high EE in caregivers of adolescents with AN and analyzed predictors for EE using multivariate linear regression models. We further analyzed whether EE is reduced by the "Supporting Carers of Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders in Austria" (SUCCEAT) intervention using general linear mixed models and whether a reduction of EE predicts patients' outcomes. Caregivers were randomly allocated to the SUCCEAT workshop (<i>N</i> = 50) or online intervention (<i>N</i> = 50) and compared to a comparison group (<i>N</i> = 49). EE and patients' outcomes were assessed at the baseline, post-intervention, and at the 12-month follow-up. Up to 47% of caregivers showed high EE. Lower caregiver skills, higher AN symptom impact, higher levels of depression and motivation to change in caregivers were significant predictors for high EE. EE significantly decreased in the SUCCEAT groups and the comparison group according to the caregivers', but not the patients' perspective. The level of reduction could partially predict subjective improvement and improvement in clinically assessed AN symptoms and body mass index of patients. Implementing interventions for caregivers addressing EE in the treatment of adolescents with AN is strongly recommended.
Differential expression of cytokines in painful and painless neuropathies (2007)

A pro-inflammatory cytokine profile seems to be associated with pain in the setting of a peripheral neuropathy, corroborating findings in animal models with experimental painful neuropathies. This may have implications for future treatment strategies.
The chemistry of C-nucleosides. (1987)

The methodologies employed for the syntheses of C-nucleosides are categorized into four major classes : (1) by condensation of a heterocyclic base with a carbohydrate, (2) by construction of the heterocyclic moiety from a C-1 functionalized carbohydrate, (3) by total synthesis from simple, optically inactive molecules, and (4) by conversion of a preformed C-nucleoside into another C-nucleoside. Each category is discussed with representative synthetic examples with brief attention to biological and medical significance.
Antigenic Cross-reactions between Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus and Human Hepatitis B Virus Shown by Immune Electron Microscopy (1983)

Using immune electron microscopy (IEM), low-level cross-reactions could be demonstrated between the surface antigens of hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis. However, immune complex formation was greatly enhanced by pre-exposure of the antigens to 0.5% deoxycholate. Cross-reaction between the core antigens and e antigens of both viruses was also confirmed by IEM as well as radioimmunoassay. It appears that the woodchuck sera used in this study may well contain an anti-immunoglobulin akin to rheumatoid factor.
Peptide and Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2006)

There has been a rush to convert discovery of new melanoma antigens into cancer vaccines for the therapy of melanoma. The result has been disappointing from a clinical standpoint. The premise behind rapid pursuit of peptide vaccines for melanoma therapy was that the spontaneous tumor-associated immune response was too weak to be effective. However, it is increasingly clear that the host-tumor relationship is a complex interplay of immune response, immune escape, and immune adaptation, with multiple layers of regulatory control and modulation of responses over time. The lesion in the immune response to cancer is much more complex than simply a weak immune response to defined antigens. Current results should serve as a call to take a closer look at immune regulatory processes and principles and to develop more comprehensive and multiagent approaches to modulate the host-tumor relationship. Development of effective immune therapy for cancer will require (a) more comprehensive and real-time immune monitoring in various tissue compartments and (b) patient-specific modulation of immune responses, informed by the real-time monitoring. Peptide antigens associated with MHC class I or class II molecules are the molecular targets for T-cell recognition of cancer. To characterize the host-tumor relationship and to optimize cancer vaccines, clinical studies using defined peptide antigens offer special opportunities to advance the field and thus have an important place in the ongoing development of effective immune therapy of melanoma.
Human factor VIII procoagulant protein. Monoclonal antibodies define precursor-product relationships and functional epitopes. (1985)

The human Factor VIII procoagulant protein (VIII:C) purified from commercial Factor VIII concentrate consisted of a polypeptide doublet of 80,000 mol wt, a 92,000-mol wt polypeptide, and additional polypeptides of up to 188,000 mol wt. Thrombin digests contained a doublet of 72,000 mol wt, as well as 54,000- and 44,000-mol wt fragments. Proteolysis studies of purified VIII:C using thrombin and activated protein C have suggested that the 92,000- and 80,000 (or 72,000)-mol wt polypeptides comprise activated VIII:C. We have now used seven monoclonal antibodies raised against purified VIII:C to construct a preliminary epitope map of these VIII:C polypeptides. The specific VIII:C polypeptides with which the monoclonal antibodies reacted were determined by immunoblotting of VIII:C onto nitrocellulose sheets after reduced NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A minimum of five distinct epitopes were defined by these monoclonal anti-VIII:C antibodies. Identification of polypeptides bearing these epitopes allowed localization of distinct thrombin cleavage sites to the 92,000- and 80,000-mol wt chains, helped define polypeptide chain precursor-product relationships, and suggested that both the 92,000- and 80,000-mol wt polypeptides are necessary for VIII:C function. These data and their interpretation are consistent with the published description of the complete primary structure of VIII:C and its thrombin cleavage products. The 92,000- and 80,000-mol wt chains have been located at the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of the molecule, respectively.
Chemical Evolution of a Bacterium’s Genome (2011)

Automated selection was used to evolve an Escherichia coli strain unable to synthesize thymine nucleotides into a chemically modified organism whose DNA genome is composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and an artificial base, the thymine analogue 5-chlorouracil. Evolving cells were initially observed as irregular filaments and progressively recovered the appearance of short rods typical of wild-type E. coli (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.