gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for High Throughput Screening in Biomedical Applications. A Minireview (2000)

Diagnosis of inherited diseases or cancer predispositions frequently involves determination of specific mutations or polymorphisms. The number of characterized monogenetic and polygenetic diseases is significantly rising every year. As a result, an increasing number of patient samples with a rising complexity of genetic diseases require molecular diagnostics. In order to apply genetic analyses to large groups of patients or population screening, automation of a sensitive and precise method is highly desirable. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) facilitates the development of methods which can rapidly process large number of patient samples in an automated fashion. In contrast, conventional techniques including Southern blotting, sequencing or standard gel electrophoresis are time consuming, cost ineffective and require substantial amounts of each specimen. Robustness, ease of operation, good reproducibility and low cost are the main advantages of CE. Currently, most protocols adapted to automated CE represent (i) analyses of DNA fragment length or DNA restriction patterns (RFLP), (ii) analyses of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and (iii) microsatellite analyses. Recently, automated detection of variations in the FRAXA (CGG)n region (fragile X syndrome), LDL receptor gene, p53 gene, MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) gene, HFE gene and others has been established on CE systems. These applications clearly demonstrate the suitability of CE for high throughput screening in medical applications.
Detection of ultrasonic motion of a scattering surface by two-wave mixing in a photorefractive GaAs crystal (1994)

The performance of an interferometric system based on two-wave mixing at 1.06 μm in undoped GaAs crystal, for the remote detection of transient motion of a scattering surface, is described. In this system, the wave scattered by the surface is mixed inside the photorefractive crystal with a pump wave directly derived from the laser to provide the reference wave of the interferometer. The system shows several features appropriate to industrial applications, although its sensitivity is less than passive interferometric systems of the confocal Fabry–Perot type presently in use, except in the low frequency range (below 1 MHz).
Axonal regrowth after spinal cord transection in adult zebrafish (1997)

Using axonal tracers, we characterized the neurons projecting from the brain to the spinal cord as well as the terminal fields of ascending spinal projections in the brain of adult zebrafish with unlesioned or transected spinal cords. Twenty distinct brain nuclei were found to project to the spinal cord. These nuclei were similar to those found in the closely related goldfish, except that additionally the parvocellular preoptic nucleus, the medial octavolateralis nucleus, and the nucleus tangentialis, but not the facial lobe, projected to the spinal cord in zebrafish. Terminal fields of axons, visualized by anterograde tracing, were seen in the telencephalon, the diencephalon, the torus semicircularis, the optic tectum, the eminentia granularis, and throughout the ventral brainstem in unlesioned animals. Following spinal cord transection at a level approximately 3.5 mm caudal to the brainstem/spinal cord transition zone, neurons in most brain nuclei grew axons beyond the transection site into the distal spinal cord to the level of retrograde tracer application within 6 weeks. However, the individually identifiable Mauthner cells were never seen to do so up to 15 weeks after spinal cord transection. Nearly all neurons survived axotomy, and the vast majority of axons that had grown beyond the transection site belonged to previously axotomized neurons as shown by double tracing. Terminal fields were not re-established in the torus semicircularis and the eminentia granularis following spinal cord transection.
Channels formed in phospholipid bilayer membranes by diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum and anthrax toxin. (1990)

Diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum, and anthrax toxin are multipartate toxins, one of the domains of which is (or is presumed to be) an enzyme. Cell intoxication requires that the enzymatic portion gain access to the cytosol via endocytosis into an acidic vesicle compartment of the cell. Translocation of the enzyme across the vesicular membrane is dependent on the low pH of the vesicle and involves another domain of the toxin; for each of these toxins, that domain is capable of forming channels in phospholipid bilayer membranes. These channels are large (greater than 12 A diameter) and voltage-gated, and the pH conditions required for their formation in lipid bilayers are similar to those existing in acidic vesicles and required for cell intoxication.
Implantable synthetic cytokine converter cells with AND-gate logic treat experimental psoriasis (2015)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a relapsing-remitting disease course and correlated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 22 (IL22). Psoriasis is hard to treat because of the unpredictable and asymptomatic flare-up, which limits handling of skin lesions to symptomatic treatment. Synthetic biology-based gene circuits are uniquely suited for the treatment of diseases with complex dynamics, such as psoriasis, because they can autonomously couple the detection of disease biomarkers with the production of therapeutic proteins. We designed a mammalian cell synthetic cytokine converter that quantifies psoriasis-associated TNF and IL22 levels using serially linked receptor-based synthetic signaling cascades, processes the levels of these proinflammatory cytokines with AND-gate logic, and triggers the corresponding expression of therapeutic levels of the anti-inflammatory/psoriatic cytokines IL4 and IL10, which have been shown to be immunomodulatory in patients. Implants of microencapsulated cytokine converter transgenic designer cells were insensitive to simulated bacterial and viral infections as well as psoriatic-unrelated inflammation. The designer cells specifically prevented the onset of psoriatic flares, stopped acute psoriasis, improved psoriatic skin lesions and restored normal skin-tissue morphology in mice. The antipsoriatic designer cells were equally responsive to blood samples from psoriasis patients, suggesting that the synthetic cytokine converter captures the clinically relevant cytokine range. Implanted designer cells that dynamically interface with the patient's metabolism by detecting specific disease metabolites or biomarkers, processing their blood levels with synthetic circuits in real time, and coordinating immediate production and systemic delivery of protein therapeutics may advance personalized gene- and cell-based therapies.
A novel heteromorphic human cell surface alloantigen, gp60, defined by a human monoclonal antibody. (1989)

A human mAb (DSM1) generated from a patient immunized with irradiated allogeneic melanoma cells detects a new cell surface alloantigen of restricted cell type distribution. The Ag is a 60,000-Da glycoprotein (gp60) that displays considerable heteromorphism in its cytosolic and cytoskeletal (52 to 62 kDa) and membrane forms (60 to 64 kDa). The gp60 Ag has been purified using lectin affinity, ion exchange, and Mono P fast performance liquid chromatography. Rabbit antiserum against purified gp60 recognizes a homologous gp60 molecule on DSM1-nonreactive cells. Molecular properties of gp60 and a partial amino acid sequence of a tryptic gp60-derived peptide distinguish it from other known human alloantigens. This is the first report of a human alloantigenic system whose definition required a cell type other than those of bone marrow derivation.
Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis (2011)

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of all published studies of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for staging patients with melanoma. Methods Published literature in all languages between 1990 and 2009 was critically appraised. Primary outcomes evaluated included the proportion successfully mapped (PSM) and test performance including false-negative rate (FNR), post-test probability negative (PTPN), and positive predictive value in the same nodal basin recurrence. Results A total of 71 studies including 25,240 patients met full eligibility criteria. The average PSM was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.3% to 98.6%) and increased with the year of publication, female sex, ulceration, age, and the quality score of the studies. The FNR ranged from 0.0% to 34.0%, averaging 12.5% overall (95% CI, 11% to 14.2%). FNR increased with the length of follow-up (P = .002) but decreased with greater PSM (P = .001). PTPN averaged 3.4% (95% CI, 3.0% to 3.8%), which also increased in studies with longer follow-up, younger age, female sex, deeper Breslow thickness, and with tumor ulceration while decreasing with greater PSM (P &lt; .001). Approximately 20% of the patients with a positive SLN had additional lymph nodes in the complete lymph node dissection and 7.5% of the patients with positive SLN developed recurrence in the same nodal basin which was greater in studies that also reported higher FNR (P = .01). Conclusion The estimated risk of nodal recurrence after a negative SLN biopsy was ≤ 5% supporting the use of this technology for staging patients with melanoma.
Towards safer colonoscopy: a report on the complications of 5000 diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopies. (1983)

The diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of colonoscopy are well known but most large-scale surveys, especially those involving multiple centres, may underestimate the range and incidence of complications. The detailed records of 5000 colonoscopies in a specialist unit have been analysed and conclusions drawn which may help to make the procedure safer. The incidence of haemorrhage was 1% and bowel perforation 0.1%. All the major haemorrhages occurred during polypectomies over 2 cm in size. Secondary haemorrhage was an unpredictable occurrence, one to 14 days later. Three deaths followed colonoscopy: one cardiorespiratory death was related to oversedation; a second was due to mismanaged ischaemic colitis developing two days after traumatic instrumentation, and the third was due to peritonitis. Minor complications included thrombophlebitis, abdominal distension, and vasovagal episodes. Because of experience during the first half of the series and also due to improvements in instrumentation, the complication rate of the later part of the series was halved. Recommendations include the avoidance of oversedation, review of previous barium enema films so as to be aware of large polyps which are more likely to bleed, and the recognition of situations where perforation or septicaemia is likely to occur.
Advances in Transgenic Techniques in Apple (2009)

在在最近的年里做的苹果的转基因的技术的主要进步被总结，并且在象转变方法一样的各种各样的方面联系了研究成就，改革将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养，紧张类型和感染的能力 Agrobacterium 的条件被考察。在这个基础上，在在苹果的转基因的技术的当前的瓶颈被提出。
Antagonistic effect of gibberellic acid and boron on protein and carbohydrate metabolism of soybean germinating seeds (1985)

Abstract Lots of soybean seeds (Glycine max L. Merr. cv MG 13 G2) were pretreated with solutions of boron (1 or 2 μg/ml) or/and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.1 μg/ml) during three hours, and germinated in a culture chamber at 24°±1°C. Germination and seedling growth were inhibited by boron. GA3 activated both processes and partially reversed the inhibitory effect of the microelement. This protective effect of GA3 against the negative action of boron is particularly due to the antagonism GA3 /boron on protein and carbohydrate metabolism during the seed germination process. Key words: pretreatmentgerminationgibberellic acidboronsoybean
Cytokines in human milk. (1996)

Breast feeding improves the health of children. The greatest significance is to host defense, prevention of autoimmunity, and development of the digestive system; however, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not well understood. Based on recent evidence that cytokines might be important in these processes, we have used ELISA to quantitate the cytokines in human colostrum, transitional, and mature milk from mothers delivering preterm or at term. We also used reverse transcription PCR to test breast milk cells for the production of cytokine mRNA. No significant (< 10 pg/ml) GM-CSF, SCF, LIF, MIP-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, sIL-2R, or IFN-gamma was detected. And, in contrast to earlier studies using bioassays or RIA, no significant IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or IL-6 was present; nor was IL-10, which had been tested using less specific antibodies. We did confirm the presence of high levels of M-CSF, which remained high throughout lactation. Human milk contained latent, but not free, TGF-beta 1, and especially TGF-beta 2, both of which may be activated by gastric acid pH. High levels of IL-1RA were detected, and like activated TGF-beta, may protect against autoimmunity. Chemokines, particularly GRO-alpha and MCP-1, but also RANTES and IL-8, were present and could protect against infection. Maternal cells in breast milk expressed mRNA for MCP-1 (20/20), IL-8 (14/20), TGF-beta 1 (14/16), TGF-beta 2 (4/6), M-CSF (9/12), IL-6 (6/12) and IL-1 beta (7/12), and may be a source of these cytokines. mRNA for IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha was not detected and only weak expression was found for RANTES (1/18). There was considerable variability between individual women, and women delivering preterm had lower levels of several cytokines in colostrum than women delivering at term. Yet, cytokine levels remained high months to years into lactation, providing immunological benefit to the breastfed infant/child.
The Network Data Repository with Interactive Graph Analytics and Visualization (2015)

NetworkRepository (NR) is the first interactive data repository with a web-based platform for visual interactive analytics. Unlike other data repositories (e.g., UCI ML Data Repository, and SNAP), the network data repository (networkrepository.com) allows users to not only download, but to interactively analyze and visualize such data using our web-based interactive graph analytics platform. Users can in real-time analyze, visualize, compare, and explore data along many different dimensions. The aim of NR is to make it easy to discover key insights into the data extremely fast with little effort while also providing a medium for users to share data, visualizations, and insights. Other key factors that differentiate NR from the current data repositories is the number of graph datasets, their size, and variety. While other data repositories are static, they also lack a means for users to collaboratively discuss a particular dataset, corrections, or challenges with using the data for certain applications. In contrast, NR incorporates many social and collaborative aspects that facilitate scientific research, e.g., users can discuss each graph, post observations, and visualizations.
Free Standing Hybrid Riser for 1800 m Water Depth (2005)

Petrobras is considering the single-line FSHR (Free Standing Hybrid Riser) design as an option for 18-in export risers in 1800 m water depth. This paper provides the background on the studies carried out to achieve confidence that the concept is feasible for such application, and explains the main features of the design that take best advantage of local practices and Petrobras capabilities. The installation studies consider a Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) for deployment of the FSHR system. The analyses assess the allowable sea states for such operation. Another design driver is the fatigue damage due to VIV (Vortex Induced Vibrations), which will also be addressed in the paper. Model tests were performed in order to support the conclusions of the numerical analyses that established the operation window for the FSHR system deployment.
Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (2003)

A bstract : Discovery of mGlu receptors has dramatically influenced our understanding of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This receptor family provides a mechanism by which activation by glutamate can regulate a number of important neuronal and glial functions that are not typically modulated by ligand‐gated ion channels. This includes modulation of neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and various metabolic functions. Because of the ubiquitous distribution of glutamatergic synapses, discovery of the mGlu receptors immediately raised the likelihood that mGlu receptors would participate in most, if not all, major functions of the CNS. In addition, the wide diversity and heterogeneous distribution of mGlu receptor subtypes could provide an opportunity for development of pharmacological agents that selectively target specific CNS systems to achieve a therapeutic effect. Over the past decade, an increasing number of agonists and antagonists selective for specific mGlu receptor subtypes have been developed. Use of these pharmacological tools along with genetic approaches has led to major advances in our understanding of the roles of mGlu receptors in regulating CNS systems and animal behavior. These studies suggest that drugs active at mGlu receptors may be useful in treatment of a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
A maximum likelihood peak detecting channel (1991)

The authors describe state-of-the-art peak detection using maximum likelihood methods on variable pulse response targets. A peak detecting channel using maximum likelihood detection is described and results are shown to be up to 3 dB better than simple peak detection, consistent with the gain attributed to Viterbi detection. The peak detection technique is suitable for disk recording channel using run-length-limited (RLL) codes for data storage. The authors demonstrate the difference between modeled
Hair Cell Replacement in Adult Mouse Utricles after Targeted Ablation of Hair Cells with Diphtheria Toxin (2012)

We developed a transgenic mouse to permit conditional and selective ablation of hair cells in the adult mouse utricle by inserting the human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) gene into the Pou4f3 gene, which encodes a hair cell-specific transcription factor. In adult wild-type mice, administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) caused no significant hair cell loss. In adult Pou4f3(+/DTR) mice, DT treatment reduced hair cell numbers to 6% of normal by 14 days post-DT. Remaining hair cells were located primarily in the lateral extrastriola. Over time, hair cell numbers increased in these regions, reaching 17% of untreated Pou4f3(+/DTR) mice by 60 days post-DT. Replacement hair cells were morphologically distinct, with multiple cytoplasmic processes, and displayed evidence for active mechanotransduction channels and synapses characteristic of type II hair cells. Three lines of evidence suggest replacement hair cells were derived via direct (nonmitotic) transdifferentiation of supporting cells: new hair cells did not incorporate BrdU, supporting cells upregulated the pro-hair cell gene Atoh1, and supporting cell numbers decreased over time. This study introduces a new method for efficient conditional hair cell ablation in adult mouse utricles and demonstrates that hair cells are spontaneously regenerated in vivo in regions where there may be ongoing hair cell turnover.
Diels-Alder reactions involving azonia polycyclic aromatic compounds and nucleophilic dienophiles (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder reactions involving azonia polycyclic aromatic compounds and nucleophilic dienophilesDonald L. Fields, Thomas H. Regan, and Jean C. DignanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 1, 390–395Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01265a079https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01265a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The androgen-deficient aging male: current treatment options. (2003)

All delivery forms of testosterone should be equally efficacious in treating the androgen-deficient aging male if adequate serum testosterone levels are obtained. The testosterone preparations available in North America include the oral undecanoate, injectable testosterone esters, the scrotal patch, the nonscrotal transdermal patch, and the transdermal gels. Selection of a specific testosterone preparation for replacement therapy depends on many factors, including the magnitude and pattern of serum testosterone levels produced, side effects of the particular formulation, reversibility if an adverse event should occur, convenience of use, cosmetic issues related to the preparation, and cost. In addition, potential adverse effects of testosterone therapy applicable to all forms of testosterone delivery, such as fluid retention, gynecomastia, polycythemia, worsening of sleep apnea, change in cardiovascular-disease risk, or alterations in prostate health, need to be considered both prior to therapy and during treatment monitoring.
Production Responses of Dairy Cows to Dietary Supplementation with Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) During the Transition Period and Early Lactation (2003)

Holstein cows (n = 30) entering second or greater lactation were fed fat supplements (90 g/d of fatty acids) consisting of Ca salts of either palm fatty acid distillate (control) or a mixture of palm fatty acid distillate and mixed isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 30.4 g/ d) from 2 wk prepartum through 20 wk postpartum to determine whether CLA would inhibit milk fat synthesis during early lactation and, in turn, affect energy metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation. Feeding CLA did not affect DMI or plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterfied fatty acids, or beta-hydroxbutyrate during the prepartum period and did not affect postpartum DMI. Feeding CLA reduced milk fat content by 12.5% during early lactation; however, cows fed CLA tended to produce approximately 3 kg/d more milk during the first 20 wk of lactation. Feeding CLA tended to decrease the contribution of short- and medium-chain (C < or = 16) fatty acids to milk fat. Changes in milk yield, milk fat content, and milk fatty acid composition were not apparent until after the second week of lactation. Yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk, milk protein content, milk protein composition, and calculated energy balance were not affected by treatment. Postpartum concentrations of glucose, nonesterfied fatty acids, and beta-hydroxbutyrate in plasma and hepatic content of glycogen and triglycerides were similar between treatments. These data imply that with CLA treatment in early lactation, dairy cows decreased milk fat synthesis and appeared to respond by partitioning more nutrients toward milk synthesis rather than improving net energy balance.