gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method for Studying Connectivity of the Human Cerebral Cortex (1997)

We describe a new technique permitting the mapping of neural connections in the living human brain. The method combines two well established tools of brain research: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and positron emission tomography (PET). We use TMS to stimulate directly a selected cortical area while simultaneously measuring changes in brain activity, indexed by cerebral blood flow (CBF), with PET. The exact location of the stimulation site is achieved by means of frameless stereotaxy. In the first study using this technique, we found significant positive correlations between CBF and the number of TMS pulse trains at the stimulation site, namely the left frontal eye field (FEF) and, most importantly, in the visual cortex of the superior parietal and medial parieto-occipital regions. The pattern of these distal effects was consistent with the known anatomic connectivity of the monkey FEF. We suggest that the combined TMS/PET technique offers an objective tool for assessing the state of functional connectivity without requiring the subject to engage in any specific behavior.
New Synthetic Route of Alkyl-Terminated Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Optical Characteristics (2010)

New synthetic route and characterization of alkyl-capped nanocrystalline silicon (R-n-Si) were achieved from the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with sodium/benzophenone ketal, followed by n-butyllithium. Optical characteristics of silicon nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles exhibited an emission band at 410 nm with excitation wavelength of 360 nm. Average size of n-butyl-capped silicon nanoparticles was obtained by particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Average size of n-butyl-capped Si nanoparticles was about 6.5 nm.
[P‐168]: Neurological understanding of ayurvedic medicine and it's application to dementia prevention (2005)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) modalities such as meditation and ayurveda are increasingly being used by all sectors of the American public and represent a new opportunity to treat and possibly prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. This presentation will provide an overview of the principles and strategies of ayurvedic medicine, the oldest, most systematic health care system in the world, which support the use of this modality in aging disorders. Ayurveda offers a comprehensive system of effective interventions beginning with early detection using pulse diagnosis and preventive treatment programs. Research indicates that meditation is one of the most widely used CAM modality, and one of the most effective and safest modalities in creating mind-body health, reduce chronic disorders and enhance the aging process. Processes that contribute to Alzheimer's start early in life and progress to a point that we detect noticeable declines in cognitive functions such as memory. The role of glial cells in the symptomatic period of Alzheimer's disease as well as in the very early, preclinical stages is being actively researched. Studies show glial dysfunction and myelin breakdown can occur as early as midlife. Thus, the central risk factor for Alzheimer's, age, maybe early, progressive glial dysfunction. Therefore, ayurvedic treatments and lifestyle changes targeted to support glial function may significantly delay the onset and severity of Alzheimer's. Research suggests that such natural holistic medicinal approaches may offer the best chance to slow or reverse the cognitive and pathologic changes of Alzheimer's. We will discuss the beneficial influence of ayurvedic approaches on key risk factors such as chronic disorders, brain injury, toxins, diet and digestion, and mental and physical exercise.
Diverse approaches to new therapies may hold promise in multiple sclerosis (1986)

"WE ARE GROPING in the dark, working at the edges of the problem," admits Gary Birnbaum, MD, associate professor of neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. "The problem" is multiple sclerosis. It is the most common degenerative inflammatory neurological disease to strike people of working age (15 to 55 years)—an estimated 150 000 in the United States—according to a spokesperson at the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Although clinical features were described more than 100 years ago by the 19th century Paris neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, its causes and cure remain elusive. Birnbaum's comment about multiple sclerosis was echoed by many of the physicians and other medical scientists at the American Academy of Neurology meetings in New Orleans. They are all too familiar with the scores of promising therapies that ultimately proved ineffective. What is more, even though there are probably more well-designed clinical trials
Biocompatible Polysiloxane-Containing Diblock Copolymer PEO-b-PγMPS for Coating Magnetic Nanoparticles (2009)

We report a biocompatible polysiloxane containing amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) (PEO-b-PgammaMPS), for coating and stabilizing nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Such an amphiphilic diblock copolymer that comprises both a hydrophobic segment with "surface anchoring moiety" (silane group) and a hydrophilic segment with PEO (M(n) = 5000 g/mol) was obtained by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using the PEO macromolecular chain transfer agent. When used for coating paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), copolymers were mixed with hydrophobic oleic acid coated core size uniformed IONPs (D = 13 nm) in cosolvent tetrahydrofuran. After being aged over a period of time, resulting monodispersed IONPs can be transferred into aqueous medium. With proper PgammaMPS block length (M(n) = 10 000 g/mol), polysiloxane containing diblock copolymers formed a thin layer of coating (approximately 3 nm) around monocrystalline nanoparticles as measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments showed excellent T(2) weighted contrast effect from coated IONPs with a transverse relaxivity r(2) = 98.6 mM(-1) s(-1) (at 1.5 T). Such thin coating layer has little effect on the relaxivity when compared to that of IONPs coated with conventional amphiphilic copolymer. Polysiloxane containing diblock copolymer coated IONPs are stable without aggregation or binding to proteins in serum when incubated for 24 h in culture medium containing 10% serum. Furthermore, a much lower level of intracellular uptake by macrophage cells was observed with polysiloxane containing diblock copolymers coated IONPs, suggesting the reduction of nonspecific cell uptakes and antibiofouling effect.
Context-based adaptive image coding (2002)

In this paper we present an adaptive image coding algorithm based on novel backward-adaptive quantization/classification techniques. We use a simple scalar quantizer to quantize the image subbands. Our algorithm uses several contexts to characterize the subband data and different arithmetic coder parameters are matched to each context. We show how the context selection can be driven by rate-distortion criteria and how the performance can be improved by replacing the scalar quantization strategy by a entropy-constrained approach. Our results are comparable or better than the recent state-of-the-art with our algorithm also having advantages in terms of simplicity.
Dynamical properties of a crystalline rare-earth boron cluster spin-glass system (2003)

Dynamical properties of the magnetic ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$ cluster compound ${\mathrm{HoB}}_{22}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ were investigated. ${\mathrm{HoB}}_{22}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ is taken to be representative of the class of trigonal and rhombohedral ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$ cluster compounds which were found to exhibit spin-glass behavior as measured by dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer and specific-heat measurements. These are examples of magnetic glassiness being observed in rare earth boron-rich crystalline cluster compounds. Well defined maxima in the in-phase linear ac susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ curves were observed, indicative of the spin-glass transition. Strong frequency dependence of the cusp temperature ${T}_{f}$ was found. The dependence of ${T}_{f}$ could not be analyzed satisfactorily by the dynamical scaling theory of a three-dimensional spin glass. A more detailed investigation of the behavior of relaxation times by Cole-Cole analysis showed that the behavior in ${\mathrm{HoB}}_{22}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ is different from the simple blocking of a superparamagnetic system, because of the temperature dependence of the parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ representing the width of the relaxation-time distribution function $g(\ensuremath{\tau}).$ The median relaxation time was also determined and the data were found to be described well in terms of a generalized Arrhenius law $\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\propto}{\mathrm{T}}^{\ensuremath{-}2.5}.$ These results indicate that ${\mathrm{HoB}}_{22}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ is a two-dimensional spin-glass system, which supports what has been speculated previously.
Membrane vesicles containing the Sendai virus binding glycoprotein, but not the viral fusion protein, fuse with phosphatidylserine liposomes at low pH (1986)

Membrane vesicles containing the Sendai virus hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein were able to induce carboxyfluorescein (CF) release from loaded phosphatidylserine (PS) but not loaded phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. Similarly, fluorescence dequenching was observed only when HN vesicles, bearing self-quenched N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (N-NBD-PE), were incubated with PS but not PC liposomes. Thus, fusion between Sendai virus HN glycoprotein vesicles and the negatively charged PS liposomes is suggested. Induction of CF release and fluorescence dequenching were not observed when Pronase-treated HN vesicles were incubated with the PS liposomes. On the other hand, the fusogenic activity of the HN vesicles was not inhibited by treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) or phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), both of which are known to inhibit the Sendai virus fusogenic activity. Fusion was highly dependent on the pH of the medium, being maximal after an incubation of 60-90 s at pH 4.0. Electron microscopy studies showed that incubation at pH 4.0 of the HN vesicles with PS liposomes, both of which are of an average diameter of 150 nm, resulted in the formation of large unilamellar vesicles, the average diameter of which reached 450 nm. The relevance of these observations to the mechanism of liposome-membrane and virus-membrane fusion is discussed.
Peroxide-initiated cyclizations of olefinic N-chloro amides. Electronic configuration of amido radicals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeroxide-initiated cyclizations of olefinic N-chloro amides. Electronic configuration of amido radicalsPhilippe Mackiewicz, Roland Furstoss, Bernard Waegell, Roland Cote, and Jean LessardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3746–3750Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibody to ras proteins in patients with colon cancer. (1995)

The current study examined sera from 160 colon cancer patients and 60 normal individuals to determine whether antibody to mutated p21 ras protein was present. Studies focused on the aspartic acid substitution at amino acid position 12 (denoted D12), one of the most common mutations in colon adenocarcinoma. IgA antibodies directed against mutated p21 ras-D12 protein were detected in 51 (32%) of 160 colon cancer patients, but only in 1 (2.5%) of 40 normal individuals. The greater incidence of antibody in cancer patients provides presumptive evidence that immunization to the ras proteins occurred as a result of the malignancy. Examination of sera for antibody reactivity to wild-type p21 ras protein (denoted p21 ras-G12) as well as p21 ras proteins bearing the D12, V12, S12, or L61 mutations showed that antibody detected was largely to normal segments of the p21 ras protein. Epitope mapping, using peptide neutralization assays with mutated or normal ras peptides as competitors, demonstrated that in 10 (67%) of 15 sera examined the antibody reactivity to p21 ras-G12 protein was neutralized by peptides near the carboxyl terminus of p21 ras protein, but not by peptides spanning the specific point mutation region. Antibody reactivities correlated with peripheral blood lymphocyte count, but did not correlate with patient age, sex, histology, stage, tumor locus, lymph node metastasis, or serum carcinoembryonic antigen.
Induction of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells by mesenchymal stem cells is associated with modulation of ubiquitination factors and TSDR demethylation (2018)

Our data suggest a possible ubiquitination mechanism by which MSCs convert Tconvs to suppressive and stable iTregs.
The interphase interval within a bipolar nanosecond electric pulse modulates bipolar cancellation (2018)

Nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure generates an array of physiological effects. The extent of these effects is impacted by whether the nsEP is a unipolar (UP) or bipolar (BP) exposure. A 600 ns pulse can generate 71% more YO-PRO-1 uptake compared to a 600 ns + 600 ns pulse exposure. This observation is termed "bipolar cancellation" (BPC) because despite the BP nsEP consisting of an additional 600 ns pulse, it generates reduced membrane perturbation. BPC is achieved by varying pulse amplitudes, and symmetrical and asymmetric pulse widths. The effect appears to reverse by increasing the interphase interval between symmetric BP pulses, suggesting membrane recovery is a BPC factor. To date, the impact of the interphase interval between asymmetrical BP and other BPC-inducing symmetrical BP nsEPs has not been fully explored. Additionally, interpulse intervals beyond 50 μs have not been explored to understand the impact of time between the BP nsEP phases. Here, we surveyed different interphase intervals among symmetrical and asymmetrical BP nsEPs to monitor their impact on BPC of YO-PRO-1 uptake. We identified that a 10 microsecond (ms) interphase interval within a symmetrical 600 ns + 600 ns, and 900 ns + 900 ns pulse can resolve BPC. Furthermore, the interphase interval to resolve asymmetric BPC from a 300 ns + 900 ns pulse versus 600 ns pulse exposure is greater (<10 ms) compared to symmetrical BP nsEPs. From these findings, we extended on our conceptual model that BPC is balanced by localized charging and discharging events across the membrane. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:441-450, 2018. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Pathogenesis of Thrombotic Microangiopathies (2008)

Profound thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterize thrombotic microangiopathy, which includes two major disorders: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). TTP has at least three types: congenital or familial, idiopathic, and nonidiopathic. The congenital and idiopathic TTP syndromes are caused primarily by deficiency of ADAMTS13, owing to mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene or autoantibodies that inhibit ADAMTS13 activity. HUS is similar to TTP, but is associated with acute renal failure. Diarrhea-associated HUS accounts for more than 90% of cases and is usually caused by infection with Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (O157:H7). Diarrhea-negative HUS is associated with complement dysregulation in up to 50% of cases, caused by mutations in complement factor H, membrane cofactor protein, factor I or factor B, or by autoantibodies against factor H. The incomplete penetrance of mutations in either ADAMTS13 or complement regulatory genes suggests that precipitating events or triggers may be required to cause thrombotic microangiopathy in many patients.
A Review on Security in Smart Home Development (2010)

A smart home or building is a home or building, usually a new one that is equipped with special structured wiring to enable occupants to remotely control or program an array of automated home electronic devices by entering a single command. Conventional security systems keep homeowners, and their property, safe from intruders. A smart home security system, however, offers many more benefits. Home automation technology notifies homeowners of any problems, so that they can investigate. In this paper, we discuss smart home and security, we also review the tool related to smart home security.
Properties of avian sarcoma-leukosis virus pp32-related pol-endonucleases produced in Escherichia coli (1988)

The gag-pol precursor protein of the avian sarcoma-leukosis virus is processed into three known pol-encoded mature polypeptides; the 95- and 63-kilodalton (kDa) beta and alpha subunits, respectively, of reverse transcriptase and the 32-kDa pp32 protein. The pp32 protein possesses DNA endonuclease activity and is produced from the precursor by two proteolytic cleavage events, one of which removes 4.1 kDa of protein from the C terminus. A 36-kDa protein (p36pol) which retains this C-terminal segment is detectable in small quantities in virions. We have constructed Escherichia coli plasmid clones that express the C-terminal domains of pol corresponding to pp32 and p36. These proteins have been purified by column chromatographic methods to near homogeneity. No significant differences could be detected in the enzymatic properties of the bacterially produced p32pol and p36pol proteins. Both possess DNA endonuclease activity and, like the pp32 protein isolated from virions, can cleave near the junction of two tandem avian sarcoma-leukosis virus long terminal repeats in double-stranded supercoiled DNA substrates. In the presence of Mg2+, both p32pol and viral pp32 cleave either strand of DNA 2 nucleotides 5' to the junction.
Size- and Shape-Dependent Transformation of Nanosized Titanate into Analogous Anatase Titania Nanostructures (2006)

A size- and shape-dependent morphological transformation was demonstrated during the hydrothermal soft chemical transformation, in neutral solution, of titanate nanostructures into their anatase titania counterparts. Specifically, lepidocrocite hydrogen titanate nanotubes with diameters of approximately 10 nm were transformed into anatase nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm. Lepidocrocite hydrogen titanate nanowires with relatively small diameters (average diameter range of < or = 200 nm) were converted into single-crystalline anatase nanowires with relatively smooth surfaces. Larger diameter (>200 nm) titanate wires were transformed into analogous anatase submicron wire motifs, resembling clusters of adjoining anatase nanocrystals with perfectly parallel, oriented fringes. Our results indicate that as-synthesized TiO2 nanostructures possessed higher photocatalytic activity than the commercial titania precursors from whence they were derived.
Malic Acid Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Engineering of Pyruvate Carboxylation, Oxaloacetate Reduction, and Malate Export (2008)

Malic acid is a potential biomass-derivable "building block" for chemical synthesis. Since wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produce only low levels of malate, metabolic engineering is required to achieve efficient malate production with this yeast. A promising pathway for malate production from glucose proceeds via carboxylation of pyruvate, followed by reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. This redox- and ATP-neutral, CO(2)-fixing pathway has a theoretical maximum yield of 2 mol malate (mol glucose)(-1). A previously engineered glucose-tolerant, C(2)-independent pyruvate decarboxylase-negative S. cerevisiae strain was used as the platform to evaluate the impact of individual and combined introduction of three genetic modifications: (i) overexpression of the native pyruvate carboxylase encoded by PYC2, (ii) high-level expression of an allele of the MDH3 gene, of which the encoded malate dehydrogenase was retargeted to the cytosol by deletion of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, and (iii) functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate transporter gene SpMAE1. While single or double modifications improved malate production, the highest malate yields and titers were obtained with the simultaneous introduction of all three modifications. In glucose-grown batch cultures, the resulting engineered strain produced malate at titers of up to 59 g liter(-1) at a malate yield of 0.42 mol (mol glucose)(-1). Metabolic flux analysis showed that metabolite labeling patterns observed upon nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of cultures grown on (13)C-labeled glucose were consistent with the envisaged nonoxidative, fermentative pathway for malate production. The engineered strains still produced substantial amounts of pyruvate, indicating that the pathway efficiency can be further improved.