gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meanders (2006)

In the last few decades cooperation among fluid dynamicists and geomorphologists has allowed the construction of a rational framework for the quantitative understanding of several geomorphologic processes involved in the shaping of the Earth's surface. Particular emphasis has been given to the dynamics of sedimentary patterns, features arising from the continuous dynamic interaction between the motion of a sediment-carrying fluid and an erodible boundary. It is this interaction which ultimately gives rise to the variety of natural forms, often displaying a high degree of regularity, observed in rivers, estuaries, coasts, as well as in the deep submarine environment. Theoretical analyses and laboratory experiments have shown that the nature of most of the observed patterns is related to fundamental instability mechanisms whose particular character lies in the fact that it is the mobile interface between the fluid and the erodible boundary, rather than the flow itself, that is unstable. Developments have been general enough to reach the status of a distinct branch of fluid mechanics, geomorphological fluid mechanics. This paper concentrates on the mechanics of fluvial meandering. Our aim is to provide the reader with a systematic overview of the fundamental aspects of the subject, assessing, with the help of recent and novel results, settled as well as unsettled issues.
A simplified method of endoscopic image distortion correction based on grey level registration (2005)

We present a new method of endoscopic camera calibration for non-linear radial distortion correction. The algorithm implemented computes both projective (camera) and polynomial (distortion) transformations. The optimization process registrates the corrected distorted pattern image with the non-distorted one. Mutual information was used as measure of similarity and stochastic gradient descent method for optimization. The algorithm was tested with two b/w (chessboard, concentric circles) and one grey level patterns, for 3 angular positions of the endoscope (0/spl deg/, 5/spl deg/ and 10/spl deg/ to perpendicular). Convergence time increased with the angle. Maximal mean correction error was less than 0.45 % with optimized distortion parameters calculated for the grey level pattern. Tested inclinations did not have significant effects on errors. Results obtained show the interest of the method proposed that requires only approximative perpendicular positioning of the endoscope and simple grey level calibration patterns without precise geometrical characteristics.
Dysfunction of CFTR bearing the AF508 mutation (1993)

ABSTRACT The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common CF-associated mutation is deletion of phenylanine at residue 508, CFTRAF508. When expressed in heterologous cells, CFTR bearing the AF508 mutation fails to progress through the normal biosynthetic pathway and fails to traffic to the plasma membrane. As a result, CFTRAF508 is mislocalized and is not present in the apical membrane of primary cultures of airway epithelia. Consequently, the apical membrane of CF airway epithelia is Cl--impermeable, a defect that probably contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Large-scale Fragmentation of Mammalian DNA in the Course of Apoptosis Proceeds via Excision of Chromosomal DNA Loops and Their Oligomers (1995)

It has been shown recently that apoptotic degradation of genomic DNA in mammalian cells starts by excision of large DNA fragments ranging in size from 50 kilobases to more than 300 kilobases. Although it was suggested that the above fragments could represent chromosomal DNA loops, the supposition was not supported by direct experimental evidence. In present work, we have studied the specificity of nucleolar and euchromatic gene long-range fragmentation in mouse and human cells triggered to undergo apoptosis either by tumor necrosis factor or by serum deprivation. Separation of the excised large DNA fragments by pulsed field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern analysis has demonstrated that in all cases studied the above fragmentation proceeds in a specific way. Furthermore, the patterns of DNA long-range fragmentation in the cells undergoing apoptosis were indistinguishable from the patterns of DNA cleavage into chromosomal loops by the high salt-insoluble topoisomerase II of the nuclear matrix. These results suggest the conclusion that apoptotic degradation of chromosomal DNA starts by excision of DNA loops and their oligomers.
The Transcriptional Co-activators CREB-binding Protein (CBP) and p300 Play a Critical Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy That Is Dependent on Their Histone Acetyltransferase Activity (2003)

The CBP and p300 proteins are transcriptional co-activators that are involved in a variety of transcriptional pathways in development and in response to specific signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that the ability of both these factors to stimulate transcription is greatly enhanced by treatment of cardiac cells with the hypertrophic agent phenylephrine (PE). Here, we show that inhibition of either CBP or p300 with antisense or dominant negative mutant constructs inhibits PE-induced hypertrophy as assayed by atrial naturetic protein production, cardiac cell protein:DNA ratio and cell size. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of CBP or p300 can induce hypertrophy and that this effect requires their histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. Moreover, we show that PE can directly enhance CBP HAT activity and that artificial enhancement of HAT activity is sufficient to induce hypertrophy. Hence, CBP and p300 play an essential role in hypertrophy induced by PE, and this effect is mediated via PE-induced enhancement of their HAT activity. This is the first time a role for these factors, and their HAT activity, in hypertrophy has been directly demonstrated.
Deep sparse coding based recursive disaggregation model for water conservation (2013)

The increasing demands on drinkable water, along with population growth, water-intensive agriculture and economic development, pose critical challenges to water sustainability. New techniques to long-term water conservation that incorporate principles of sustainability are expected. Recent studies have shown that providing customers with usage information of fixtures could help them save a considerable amount of water. Existing disaggregation techniques focus on learning consumption patterns for individual devices. Little attention has been given to the hierarchical decomposition structure of the aggregated consumption. In this paper, a Deep Sparse Coding based Recursive Disaggregation Model (DSCRDM) is proposed for water conservation. We design a recursive decomposition structure to perform the disaggregation task, and introduce sequential set to capture its characteristics. An efficient and effective algorithm deep sparse coding is developed to automatically learn the disaggregation architecture, along with discriminative and reconstruction dictionaries for each layer. We demonstrated that our proposed approach significantly improved the performance of the benchmark methods on a large scale disaggregation task and illustrated how our model could provide practical feedbacks to customers for water conservation.
Novel Hydrogels of Hyaluronic Acid: Synthesis, Surface Morphology, and Solid-State NMR (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Hydrogels of Hyaluronic Acid: Synthesis, Surface Morphology, and Solid-State NMRTara Pouyani, Gerard S. Harbison, and Glenn D. PrestwichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7515–7522Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2287Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graphene-Integrated Plasmonic Structure for Optical Third Harmonic Generation (2016)

In this paper, a general recipe is proposed to design an efficient graphene-integrated plasmonic structure for third harmonic generation. Specifically, the design procedure for an integrated graphene-based ultraviolet light generator is presented. In order to enhance the field intensity at the graphene layer, two distinct mechanisms are utilized. A multilayer Bragg structure is used as a perfect magnetic conductor to make a constructive interference between incident and reflected field at the graphene layer. A periodic array of shaped resonant gold nanoparticles is placed on top of the graphene sheet to enhance the field intensity due to the plasmonic resonance at the fundamental frequency. A hybrid and fast numerical method based on the scattering matrix of Floquet modes and the Generalized Multipole Technique is also proposed to analyze the periodic structure. This numerical method is used to optimize the dimensions of the multilayer structure and boost the nonlinear conversion efficiency by more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> times.
Loss of growth responsiveness to epidermal growth factor and enhanced production of alpha‐transforming growth factors in ras‐transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells (1987)

A mouse mammary epithelial cell line, NMuMG, exhibits a low capacity to grow in semisolid medium as colonies and it is not tumorigenic in nude mice. In contrast, NMuMG cells which have been transformed by an activated c-Harvey ras proto-oncogene, NMuMG/rasH, or by the polyoma middle T-transforming gene, NMuMG/pyt, are able to grow in soft agar and, when injected into nude mice, produce undifferentiated carcinomas. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) or human alpha-transforming growth factor (alpha TGF) can stimulate, in a dose-dependent fashion, the anchorage-independent growth of NMuMG and NMuMG/pyt cells in soft agar but fail to enhance the anchorage-independent growth of the NMuMGrasH cells. Likewise, human EGF or human alpha TGF is also able to stimulate the anchorage-dependent growth of normal NMuMG cells and NMuMG/pyt cells in a serum-free medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, fetuin, and laminin, or in medium containing low concentrations of serum, whereas these same growth factors under comparable culture conditions have little or no effect upon the anchorage-dependent growth of the ras-transformed NMuMG-rasH cells. The biological refractoriness of the NMuMG/rasH cells to human EGF or human alpha TGF is reflected by a reduction in the total number of cell surface receptors for EGF and by an absence of a high-affinity population of binding sites for mouse [125l]EGF on these cells as compared to the NMuMG or NMuMG/pyt cells. In addition, concentrated conditioned medium (CM) obtained from NMuMG/rasH and NMuMG/pyt cells contains a relatively higher amount of biologically active TGFs than CM obtained from comparably treated NMuMG cells as measured by the ability to induce the anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney cells in soft agar. The higher levels of biologically active TGFs found in the CM from the transformed cells relative to the NMuMG cells is paralleled by a corresponding increase in the CM from these cells in the amount of immunoreactive alpha TGF, by an increase in the amount of EGF receptor-competing activity, and by an increase in the levels of alpha TGF mRNA in the NMuMG/rasH cells. These results demonstrate that mammary epithelial cells which have been transformed by an activated ras proto-oncogene, but not by the polyoma middle T-transforming gene, become unresponsive to exogenous EGF or alpha TGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Alanylation of Teichoic Acids ProtectsStaphylococcus aureusagainst Toll‐like Receptor 2–Dependent Host Defense in a Mouse Tissue Cage Infection Model (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus is inherently resistant to cationic antimicrobial peptides because of alanylation of cell envelope teichoic acids. To test the effect of alanylated teichoic acids on virulence and host defense mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), wild-type (wt) S. aureus ATCC35556 (S.a.113) and its isogenic mutant expressing unalanylated teichoic acids (dlt(-)) were compared in a tissue cage infection model that used C57BL/6 wt and TLR2-deficient mice. The minimum infective doses (MID) to establish persistent infection with S.a.113 were 10(3) and 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) in wt and TLR2(-/-) mice, respectively. The corresponding MID for dlt(-) were 5x105 and 10(3) cfu in wt and TLR2(-/-) mice, respectively. Both mouse strains showed bacterial-load-dependent inflammation with elevations in tumor necrosis factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and leukocytes, with increasing proportions of dead cells. These findings indicate that alanylated teichoic acids contribute to virulence of S. aureus, and TLR2 mediates host defense, which partly targets alanylated teichoic acids.
Supervisory system for a wide area damping controller using PDCI modulation and real-time PMU feedback (2016)

This paper describes a control scheme to mitigate inter-area oscillations through active damping. The control system uses real-time phasor measurement unit (PMU) feedback to construct a commanded power signal to modulate the flow of real power over the Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI) located in the western North American Power System (wNAPS). A hardware prototype was constructed to implement the control scheme. To ensure safe and reliable performance, the project integrates a supervisory system to ensure the controller is operating as expected at all times. A suite of supervisory functions are implemented across three hardware platforms. If any controller mal-function is detected, the supervisory system promptly disables the controller through a bumpless transfer method. This paper presents a detailed description of the control scheme, simulation results, the bumpless transfer method, and a redundancy and diversity method in the selection of PMU signals for feedback. This paper also describes in detail the supervisory system implemented to ensure safe and reliable damping performance of the real-time wide area damping controller.
Efficient induction of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells against exogenous proteins: establishment and characterization of a T cell line specific for the membrane protein ActA ofListeria monocytogenes (1998)

The property of listeriolysin (LLO) to introduce soluble passenger proteins into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells allows the induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells against such antigens. To overcome the potential problem of presentation of the immunodominant epitope LL091-99 by H-2Kd, a variant LLO92A was established in which Tyr 92 was replaced by Ala. Immunization of BALB/c mice with purified LLO92A failed to stimulate cytotoxic T cells specific for either the epitope LLO91-99 or for any other LLO-derived peptide. Injection of mixtures of purified LLO92A and soluble nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus into mice resulted in a strong cytotoxic T cell response exclusively directed against NP. The LLO92A variant was successfully used to generate, propagate and characterize a CD8 T cell line specific for the membrane-bound virulence factor ActA of Listeria monocytogenes. Interestingly, wildtype ActA bound to the surface of live L. monocytogenes was not presented by MHC class I molecules to the CD8+ T cell line.
Myoblast Mediated Gene Therapy (1993)

A novel approach to drug delivery in the treatment of disease involves using cells to introduce genes into the body that express therapeutic proteins continuously (Friedman, 1989; Miller, 1990; Anderson, 1992; Miller, 1992). Myoblasts appear to be well suited for this purpose due to their unique biological properties. By contrast with other cell types, myoblasts become an integral part of the tissues into which they are injected. As a result, myoblasts are currently primary candidates as cellular vehicles for gene delivery in the treatment of both muscle and nonmuscle disorders. Transplanted myoblasts may be used to correct defects in well characterized inherited myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (Gussoni et al., 1992). In addition, myoblasts may provide genes to correct myopathies that are not understood at the molecular level. Finally, and perhaps most exciting, is the finding that genetically engineered myoblasts can be used to deliver nonmuscie recombinant proteins to the circulation (Dhawan et al., 1991; Barr and Leiden, 1991). Candidates for delivery include hormones, coagulation factors, and antitumor agents that could have broad applications ranging from the treatment of inherited hormone deficiencies to symptoms of aging, hemophilia, and cancer.
Dynamics and energy distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in superconducting tunnel junctions (2004)

We present a full theoretical and experimental study of the dynamics and energy distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ's). STJ's are often used for single-photon spectrometers, where the numbers of quasiparticles excited by a photon provide a measure of the photon energy. The magnitude and fluctuations of the signal current in STJ detectors are in large part determined by the quasiparticle dynamics and energy distribution during the detection process. We use this as motivation to study the transport and energy distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles excited by x-ray photons in a lateral, imaging junction configuration. We present a full numerical model for the tunneling current of the major physical processes which determine the signal. We find that a diffusion framework models the quasiparticle dynamics well and that excited quasiparticles do not equilibrate to the lattice temperature during the time scales for tunneling. We extract physical time scales from the measured data, make comparisons with existing theories, and comment on implications for superconducting mesoscopic systems and single-photon detectors.
Effect of 1 year cyclosporine a treatment on the activity and renal involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study (1998)

Our objective was to determine the effect of 1 year low-dose cyclosporine A (CSA) treatment on disease activity and renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients included in the pilot study had an active form of the disease as defined by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Main organ involvement was represented by lupus nephritis classified in repeated renal biopsies. Eleven patients with SLE were enrolled in the study. In eight of them, previous therapy with cyclophosphamide or azathioprine had to be interrupted due to serious adverse reaction or low efficacy. Nine patients experienced clinical nephrotic syndrome, and two the nephritic syndrome. After 12 months of CSA treatment, the mean SLEDAI score had decreased significantly from 26.18 to 4.00 (P < 0.01). Similarly, the titre of antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies had dropped significantly (P < 0.01). Proteinuria decreased rapidly from 9.10 to 1.70 g/24 h (P < 0.001). According to the WHO classification of renal biopsies, three patients had their class altered from IV to III in response to CSA treatment and five patients had changed the status from the high severity grade to the mild. The adverse reactions included hypertension (45%), gingival hyperplasia (18%) and hirsutism (9%). No significant increase in serum creatinine or any CSA related toxic changes were found in renal biopsies. The favourable response observed in patients with active SLE and with major renal involvement strongly suggests that low-dose CSA is a potent drug as much for the reduction of the disease activity as for lupus nephropathy treatment.
Insecticidal control of adult small hive beetle, 'Aethina tumida' Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in laboratory trials (2006)

Treated filter paper laboratory bioassays were used to identify insecticides with potential for the control of Small Hive Beetle adults. Coumaphos, diazinon, tcmephos, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinatc, methomyl, imidacloprid and fipronil were evaluated. Fipronil was the most potent and was selected for further testing in a novel delivery system. This system, based on aluminium foil covered, insecticide treated cardboard took advantage of the beetle's preference to harbour inside corrugated cardboard. Dose-response lines for beetles exposed to cardboard that had been treated with various concentrations of fipronil demonstrated that residues deposited by application of 25 mg L-1 (or greater) solutions were lethal to adult beetles. Results of bioassays with cardboard that had been stored at room temperature for up to 84 days indicated that toxicity slowly dissipated over time. Placement of a single covered piece of treated cardboard on the bottom board of artificially infested boxes of comb caused the death or moribundity of 98.4% of beetles within 7 days.
Treatment of West Nile Virus Encephalitis with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (2001)

To the Editor: West Nile virus is endemic in Israel. The overwhelming majority of infections are mild and asymptomatic, but there have been periodic symptomatic outbreaks (1). In August 2000, an epidemic of West Nile virus broke out in Israel, with >260 confirmed cases and 20 deaths by the end of September 2000. Hitherto, the only treatment for this condition has been supportive with no proven in vivo specific therapy, although ribavirin has shown promise in in vitro studies (2). We report an apparent dramatic response to intravenous immunoglobulin in an immunosuppressed patient and suggest that this was the result of specific antibodies in the Israeli immunoglobulin used.
Multiple Sequence Alignment as a Guideline for Protein Engineering Strategies (2006)

Many proteins lack the thermodynamic stability and/or solubility that is required for their use in a desired application. For this reason, it can be advantageous to improve these qualities through rational protein engineering. An effective means for achieving this goal is to use sequence alignment analysis to select amino acid substitutions that are likely to increase the thermodynamic stability or solubility of a protein. Advantages of using this approach are that generally only a small number of substitutions need to be tested, these substitutions are rarely debilitating to protein function, and knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the protein of interest is not required. This chapter will describe approaches that have been used to exploit the information contained in sequence alignments for the engineering of improved protein properties.
Gonad Regeneration in Grass Carp Following Bilateral Gonadectomy (1986)

(1986). Gonad Regeneration in Grass Carp Following Bilateral Gonadectomy. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 54-56.
Clinical Evaluation of Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Patients with Recurrent Glioma: Results of a Clinical Phase I/II Trial (2005)

This study showed the safety and clinical response of autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell therapy for patients with malignant glioma. Dendritic cell therapy is recommended for further clinical studies in malignant glioma patients.