gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arteriolar and venular patterning in retinas of mice selectively expressing VEGF isoforms (2002)

The murine VEGF gene is alternatively transcribed to yield the VEGF(120), VEGF(164), and VEGF(188) isoforms, which differ in their potential to bind to heparan sulfate and neuropilin-1 and to stimulate endothelial growth. Here, their role in retinal vascular development was studied in mice selectively expressing single isoforms. VEGF(164/164) mice were normal, healthy, and had normal retinal angiogenesis. In contrast, VEGF(120/120) mice exhibited severe defects in vascular outgrowth and patterning, whereas VEGF(188/188) mice displayed normal venular outgrowth but impaired arterial development. It is noteworthy that neuropilin-1, a receptor for VEGF(164), was predominantly expressed in retinal arterioles. These findings reveal distinct roles of the various VEGF isoforms in vascular patterning and arterial development in the retina.
Significance of Popliteal Reflux in Relation to Ambulatory Venous Pressure and Ulceration (1979)

Fifty-one patients (55 limbs) who had had deep venous thrombosis (DVT) extending into the femoral or iliofemoral segment three to five years earlier and ten limbs of ten healthy volunteers were studied. The ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) was measured by inserting a needle in a vein on the foot; the presence of reflux in the popliteal vein was determined by a directional Doppler ultrasonic blood velocity detector. All patients had ascending venography. The results suggest that the most important factor in determining the AVP and ulceration in postthrombotic limbs is the condition of the popliteal valves. Ulceration does not occur even in the presence of occlusion if the popliteal valves are competent. The extent of DVT and recanalization or the failure of recanalization is of secondary importance.
HoxB7 PROMOTES GROWTH AND METASTASIS OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS THROUGH REGULATION OF THE TGF-β/SMAD3 SIGNALING. (2015)

HoxB7 is involved in cell migration and metastasis in many malignant tumors. But, the role of HoxB7 in lung adenocarcinoma has not been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the function of HoxB7 in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. The protein expression of HoxB7 was examined by immunohistochemical assay in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and lentivirus-mediated HoxB7 shRNA (Lv-shHoxB7) was transfected into lung adenocarcinoma cells to evaluate cell proliferation and invasive potential indicated by MTT and Transwell assays. As a result, the protein expression level of HoxB7 was increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues (56.25% vs 31.25%, P=0.014), and was positively correlated with the lymph node metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.036). Moreover, knockdown of HoxB7 decreased the proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells followed by decreased expression of TGF-β/SMAD3, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that increased expression of HoxB7 is associated with tumor metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and HoxB7 may be implicated in promoting the development of lung adenocarcinoma through activation of the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling.
Comparison of intrapulmonary, percutaneous intrathoracic, and subcutaneous models for the propagation of human pulmonary and nonpulmonary cancer cell lines in athymic nude mice. (1988)

The propagation efficiencies, growth patterns, histological appearances, and roentgenographic demonstration of tumors derived from six continuous human pulmonary tumor cell lines implanted intrathoracically (i.t.) and intrabronchially (i.b.) were compared with the conventional s.c. implantation method at three different tumor cell inocula (N = 184, i.b.; N = 185, i.t.; N = 180, s.c.). A tumor-related mortality of 100% was noted when the six different human lung tumor cell lines, including A549 adenocarcinoma, NCI-H125 adenosquamous carcinoma, NCI-H460 large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, NCI-H69 small cell carcinoma, and NCI-H358 and NCI-H322 bronchioloalveolar cell carcinomas, were implanted i.b. at a 1.0 x 10(6) tumor cell inoculum. A similar (92%) tumor-related mortality was observed when these same lung tumor cell lines were implanted i.t. at a 1.0 x 10(6) tumor cell inoculum (P greater than 0.10), whereas minimal (5%) tumor-related mortality was noted when cells from the six different cell lines were implanted s.c. (P less than 0.001). In addition, a dose-dependent, tumor-related mortality was noted for either i.t. or i.b. implantation when lower (1.0 x 10(5) or 1.0 x 10(4] tumor cell inocula were employed. Histological characteristics and growth patterns of tumors propagated employing the three implantation techniques were closely comparable for all three propagation methods and, in all instances, histological appearances of the tumors were representative of the current tumor cell lines from which they were derived. Approximately 30% of the lung tumors propagated i.t. grew in the chest wall and/or in the lung parenchyma as well as in the pleural space. In contrast, tumors propagated i.b. grew predominantly in the lung parenchyma. When five nonpulmonary human tumor cell lines (including U251 glioblastoma, LOX amelamontic melanoma, HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, OVCAR 3 ovarian adenocarcinoma, and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma) were propagated i.b. or i.t., there was considerable site-specific variability in tumor-related mortality depending on the tumor type. These data demonstrate that both the i.b. and i.t. models should be useful for the in vivo propagation and study of certain human pulmonary and nonpulmonary carcinomas as well as being advantageous for future studies of cancer biology and developmental therapeutics.
New Approximations of Differential Entropy for Independent Component Analysis and Projection Pursuit (1997)

We derive a first-order approximation of the density of maximum entropy for a continuous 1-D random variable, given a number of simple constraints. This results in a density expansion which is somewhat similar to the classical polynomial density expansions by Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth. Using this approximation of density, an approximation of 1-D differential entropy is derived. The approximation of entropy is both more exact and more robust against outliers than the classical approximation based on the polynomial density expansions, without being computationally more expensive. The approximation has applications, for example, in independent component analysis and projection pursuit.
Effects of biologically delivered NGF, BDNF and bFGF on striatal excitotoxic lesions (1993)

Immortalized rat fibroblasts, genetically altered to secrete NGF, BDNF, and bFGF, were implanted in rat brain near the striatum 7 days before striatal infusion of excitotoxic quantities of an NMDA-receptor agonist. Analysis of striatal damage 7 days after lesioning revealed that implantation of NGF-secreting cells reduced the size of the excitotoxic lesions by more than 80% when compared with control cells, while implanting of bFGF-secreting cells caused a 30% decrease in excitotoxic lesion size. BDNF-secreting fibroblasts caused no protective sparing in the striatum in this lesion model. This finding shows that biological delivery of NGF and bFGF by grafting of genetically altered cells protects against glutamate toxicity in the adult striatum while grafting of BDNF-producing cells does not. Such observations begin to define a spectrum of neurotrophic agents able to mitigate the cell loss seen in neurodegeneration.
Modification at the 5-Position of 4-Deoxypyridoxol and α4-Norpyridoxol (1975)

In an attempt to relate structure to anticoccidial activity, a number of 5-modified analogs of 4-deoxypyridoxol (4-DOP) and α4-norpyridoxol have been synthesized and their biological activities examined. The compounds prepared include the 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl), 5-(1-hydroxyethyl), formyl and acetyl analogs of 4-DOP, and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), formyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and hydroxyl analogs of α4-norpyridoxol. Among these compounds, 4-deoxyisopyridoxal and α4-norisopyridoxal were found to exhibit anticoccidal activity.
Identification of two regions within the cytoplasmic domain of the human interferon-gamma receptor required for function. (1991)

Functionally active human interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) receptors require the presence of at least two polypeptides: the IFN gamma receptor and an accessory molecule encoded by a gene on human chromosome 21. Here we have used a murine L cell line that stably contains human chromosome 21 (SCC16-5) to determine whether the receptor's cytoplasmic domain is important for receptor function. SCC16-5 stably transfected with the full-length human IFN gamma receptor cDNA bound, internalized, and responded to human IFN gamma. In contrast, SCC16-5 expressing human IFN gamma receptors lacking a cytoplasmic domain bound human IFN gamma but did not internalize or respond to it. Using a family of IFN gamma receptor deletion mutants, two functionally important regions within the intracellular domain were identified: (a) a membrane proximal region (residues 256-303) required for ligand processing and biologic responsiveness and (b) the carboxyl-terminal 39 amino acids (residues 434-472) needed exclusively for biologic responses.
Transient Expression of Proteins Using COS Cells (1998)

This unit describes the use of COS cells to efficiently produce a desired protein in a short period of time. These cells express high levels of the SV40 large tumor (T) antigen, which is necessary to initiate viral DNA replication at the SV40 origin. Each COS cell transfected with DNA encoding a cell-surface antigen (in the appropriate vector) or cytoplasmic protein will express several thousand to several hundred thousand copies of the protein 72 hr posttransfection. If the transfected DNA encodes a secreted protein, up to 10 mg of protein can be recovered from the supernatant of the transfected COS cells 1 week posttransfection. COS cell transient expression systems have also been used to screen cDNA libraries, to isolate cDNAs encoding cell-surface proteins, secreted proteins, and DNA binding proteins, and to test protein expression vectors rapidly prior to the preparation of stable cell lines.
Expression and function of NKRP1A molecule on human monocytes and dendritic cells (1997)

In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of the lymphocyte surface lectin NKRP1A on peripheral blood monocytes (Mo) or Mo and dendritic cells (DC) derived from thymic and bone marrow precursors. De novo expression of NKRP1A and CD14 molecules was detected upon culture of CD2- CD3- CD14- CD16- CD1a- NKRP1A- immature thymic precursors for 7 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Under these culture conditions, by day 21, a fraction of cells had lost CD14 and acquired both CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) molecules. These cells displayed a DC-like morphology and were surface NKRP1A positive. CD34+ NKRP1A- CD14- precursors, isolated from bone marrow and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF, also expressed both NKRP1A and CD14: these antigens were newly expressed on about one third of cells which had lost the CD34 precursor marker. In addition, NKRP1A was constitutively present on resting CD14+ peripheral blood Mo. When these cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF, the resulting DC population retained the expression of NKRP1A and acquired CD80, while they lost the CD14 antigen. Functional analysis revealed that the engagement of NKRP1A molecule leads to a strong intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) increase both in resting peripheral blood Mo and in vitro-derived DC. [Ca2+]i increase was mainly due to extracellular calcium influx, as it was completely abrogated by the addition of EGTA. More importantly, the engagement of the NKRP1A molecule induced interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-12 production by resting Mo and DC, respectively. Altogether these data indicate that NKRP1A lectin is present at the surface of Mo and DC and may play a relevant role in the activation and function of both cell types.
DO MARGINS MATTER? THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS IN RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY SPECIMENS (2005)

We confirm that a PSM has a significant adverse impact on PFP after RP in multivariate analysis using multiple statistical methods to account for patients who received AT. While prostate cancer screening strategies have resulted in a majority of men having organ confined disease at RP, surgeons should continue to strive to reduce the rate of positive surgical margins to improve cancer control outcomes.
Novel, High-Brightness, Fibre Laser Platform for kW Materials Processing Applications (2015)

High-power (kW class) fibre lasers have revolutionized cutting, welding, and other industrial applications because of their unique combination of high power, brightness, and efficiency; unrivalled reliability and ruggedness; and numerous practical advantages (fibre beam delivery to the work piece, high-speed modulation, rapid on/off cycling, and compact size). Continued innovation will enable high-power fibre lasers to capture an increasing share of the ~$1.5B kW materials processing market and, more importantly, will drive market growth by enabling new applications that are not possible with current technologies.
Nanoparticles in the clinic (2016)

Nanoparticle/microparticle-based drug delivery systems for systemic (i.e., intravenous) applications have significant advantages over their nonformulated and free drug counterparts. For example, nanoparticle systems are capable of delivering therapeutics and treating areas of the body that other delivery systems cannot reach. As such, nanoparticle drug delivery and imaging systems are one of the most investigated systems in preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we will highlight the diversity of nanoparticle types, the key advantages these systems have over their free drug counterparts, and discuss their overall potential in influencing clinical care. In particular, we will focus on current clinical trials for nanoparticle formulations that have yet to be clinically approved. Additional emphasis will be on clinically approved nanoparticle systems, both for their currently approved indications and their use in active clinical trials. Finally, we will discuss many of the often overlooked biological, technological, and study design challenges that impact the clinical success of nanoparticle delivery systems.
Parallel Viterbi algorithm implementation: breaking the ACS-bottleneck (1989)

The central unit of a Viterbi decoder is a data-dependent feedback loop which performs an add-compare-select (ACS) operation. This nonlinear recursion is the only bottleneck for a high-speed parallel implementation. A linear scale solution (architecture) is presented which allows the implementation of the Viterbi algorithm (VA) despite the fact that it contains a data-dependent decision feedback loop. For a fixed processing speed it allows a linear speedup in the throughput rate by a linear increase in hardware complexity. A systolic array implementation is discussed for the add-compare-select unit of the VA. The implementation of the survivor memory is considered. The method for implementing the algorithm is based on its underlying finite state feature. Thus, it is possible to transfer this method to other types of algorithms which contain a data-dependent feedback loop and have a finite state property.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A high capacitive-coupling ratio (HiCR) cell for 3 V-only 64 Mbit and future flash memories (2002)

A novel contactless cell with high capacitive-coupling ratio (HiCR) of 0.8, which is programmed and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, has been developed for 3 V-only 64 Mbit and future flash memories. A 1.50 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell area is obtained by using a 0.4 /spl mu/m technology. The HiCR cell structure is realized by 1) self-aligned definition of small tunneling regions underneath the floating-gate side wall and 2) advanced rapid thermal process for 7.5-nm thick tunnel oxynitride. The internal voltages used for program and erase are +8 V and +12 V, respectively. The total process-step numbers can be reduced to 85% compared to reported memory cells so far.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Animal models of T-cell lymphomas (2009)

We firmly believe that a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause malignant transformation will lead to more effective therapies for patients with hematologic malignancy. Most hematologic malignancies have been shown to bear chromosomal aberrations such as translocations, deletions, and duplications. Therefore, we have investigated whether those genetic alterations were crucial for malignant transformation using animal, especially mouse, models.
Characteristics of Stress-Strain Behavior for Lade's Single Work-Hardening Constitutive Model with Stress Path of Sands (2012)

본 연구는 이 구성모델의 실용화를 위한 검토로 응력경로에 따라 어떤 특성이 있는가를 밝히기 위하여 백마강 모래를 이용하여 등방압축팽창시험과 응력경로를 달리한 일련의 배수삼축시험(CTC, Conventional triaxial compression test), TC(Triaxial compression test), RTC(Reduced triaxial compression test), OSP(Optional stress path))을 각각 수행하여 각각의 토질매개변수를 결정한다. 그리고 각각의 응력경로에 대한 시험으로부터 결정된 토질매개변수 11개를 이용하여 토질매개변수를 결정시 이용된 시험 결과를 역해석한다. 그리고 항복함수에 관련된 토질매개변수 h와 <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>를 파괴기준에 관련된 토질매개변수 <TEX>${\eta}_1$</TEX>의 상관식과 상수로 결정한 9개의 토질매개변수를 이용하여 응력경로가 다른 경우의 응력-변형률 거동에 대한 예측의 정도를 밝히기 위하여 CTC시험, TC시험, RTC시험, OSP시험 및 Fine Silica Sand시험의 결과를 각각 해석하여 단일항복면 구성모델의 실용성을 검토한다. In order to review the utility of Lade's single hardening constitutive model, a series of isotropic compression-expansion tests and consolidated drained triaxial tests including as CTC, TC, RTC, and OSP were performed by Baekma river sand with various of stress path. Parameters required in model were determined using these tests. The accuracy of analysis was reviewed by back analysis of test results used to determine the 11 parameters of soil property through the test of each stress path. Also. for verifying the accuracy of prediction for the stress-strain behavior using failure criterion related 9 parameters with correlational equation and constant and yield criterion related parameters h, <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX> and <TEX>${\eta}_1$</TEX>, when stress path is different with each other, it has been obtained in the review result of stress path dependent characteristics of the constitutional model through the analyzing results of CTC, TC, RTC, OSP, and fine silica sand tests.
A phase II, single‐arm, multicentre study of coltuximab ravtansine (SAR3419) and rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (2016)

In this phase II, multicentre, single-arm study, 52 patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) received the anti-CD19 antibody-drug conjugate coltuximab ravtansine (55 mg/m(2) ) and rituximab (375 mg/m(2) ) weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by International Working Group Criteria. The primary objective was to reject the null hypothesis of an ORR of ≤40%. Among 45 evaluable patients, the ORR was 31·1% (80% confidence interval [CI]: 22·0-41·6%) and the primary objective was not met. The ORR appeared higher in patients with relapsed disease (58·3% [80% CI: 36·2-78·1%]) versus those refractory to their last (42·9% [80% CI: 17·0-72·1%]) or first-line therapy (15·4% [80% CI: 6·9-28·4%]). Median progression-free survival, overall survival and duration of response were 3·9 [80% CI: 3·22-3·98], 9·0 [80% CI: 6·47-13·67] and 8·6 (range: 0-18) months, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs were unaffected by co-administration. Common adverse events included gastrointestinal disorders (52%) and asthenia (25%). No patients discontinued due to adverse events. In conclusion, coltuximab ravtansine with rituximab was well tolerated and yielded clinical responses in a subset of patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
Adult fast myosin pattern and Ca 2+ -induced slow myosin pattern in primary skeletal muscle culture (1997)

A primary muscle cell culture derived from newborn rabbit muscle and growing on microcarriers in suspension was established. When cultured for several weeks, the myotubes in this model develop the completely adult pattern of fast myosin light and heavy chains. When Ca2+ ionophore is added to the culture medium on day 11, raising intracellular [Ca2+] about 10-fold, the myotubes develop to exhibit properties of an adult slow muscle by day 30, expressing slow myosin light as well as heavy chains, elevated citrate synthase, and reduced lactate dehydrogenase. The remarkable plasticity of these myotubes becomes apparent, when 8 days after withdrawal of the ionophore a marked slow-to-fast transition, as judged from the expression of isomyosins and metabolic enzymes, occurs.
Learning to detect natural image boundaries using local brightness, color, and texture cues (2004)

The goal of this work is to accurately detect and localize boundaries in natural scenes using local image measurements. We formulate features that respond to characteristic changes in brightness, color, and texture associated with natural boundaries. In order to combine the information from these features in an optimal way, we train a classifier using human labeled images as ground truth. The output of this classifier provides the posterior probability of a boundary at each image location and orientation. We present precision-recall curves showing that the resulting detector significantly outperforms existing approaches. Our two main results are 1) that cue combination can be performed adequately with a simple linear model and 2) that a proper, explicit treatment of texture is required to detect boundaries in natural images.
Atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide on cellulose acetate for enhanced hemostasis (2011)

TiO₂ films may be used to alter the wettability and hemocompatibility of cellulose materials. In this study, pure and stoichiometric TiO₂ films were grown using atomic layer deposition on both silicon and cellulose substrates. The films were grown with uniform thicknesses and with a growth rate in agreement with literature results. The TiO₂ films were shown to profoundly alter the water contact angle values of cellulose in a manner dependent upon processing characteristics. Higher amounts of protein adsorption indicated by blurry areas on images generated by scanning electron microscopy were noted on TiO₂ -coated cellulose acetate than on uncoated cellulose acetate. These results suggest that atomic layer deposition is an appropriate method for improving the biological properties of hemostatic agents and other blood-contacting biomaterials.
Synthesis of a Thienothiophene Conjugated Polymer (2000)

A new conducting polymer was prepared by chemical and electrochemical polymerization of 3,6-dimethylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene. The galvanostatic deposition afforded uniform, adherent and dark blue films of PDMTT. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry showed that it can be repeatedly driven between the doped and undoped species with a coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.
Structure of (E)-4-benzoylbutyramide oxime (1992)

C 11 H 14 N 2 O 2 cristallise dans I4 1 cd avec a=b=15.582, c=17.528A, Z=16, T=223K; affinement jusqu'a R=0.0485. Observation de liaisons hydrogene intermoleculaires entre les groupes amide et oxime et entre les atomes N de l'amide et O du carbonyl