gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in 1998 (1998)

Accumulating data from clinical and pathogenesis studies continue to support early institution of potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. A variety of combination regimens show potency, expanding choices for initial regimens for individual patients. Plasma HIV RNA assays with increased sensitivity are important in monitoring therapeutic response; however, more data are needed to determine precisely the HIV RNA levels that define treatment failure. Long-term adverse drug effects are beginning to emerge, requiring ongoing attention. Some issues regarding optimal long-term approaches to antiretroviral management are unresolved. The increased complexity in HIV management requires ongoing monitoring of new data for optimal treatment of HIV infection.
Nature and Operation of Attitudes (2001)

This survey of attitude theory and research published between 1996 and 1999 covers the conceptualization of attitude, attitude formation and activation, attitude structure and function, and the attitude-behavior relation. Research regarding the expectancy-value model of attitude is considered, as are the roles of accessible beliefs and affective versus cognitive processes in the formation of attitudes. The survey reviews research on attitude strength and its antecedents and consequences, and covers progress made on the assessment of attitudinal ambivalence and its effects. Also considered is research on automatic attitude activation, attitude functions, and the relation of attitudes to broader values. A large number of studies dealt with the relation between attitudes and behavior. Research revealing additional moderators of this relation is reviewed, as are theory and research on the link between intentions and actions. Most work in this context was devoted to issues raised by the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. The present review highlights the nature of perceived behavioral control, the relative importance of attitudes and subjective norms, the utility of adding more predictors, and the roles of prior behavior and habit.
Xenopus laevis Skin Arg-Xaa-Val-Arg-Gly-endoprotease (1989)

Comparison of the precursor sequence for several peptide hormones of Xenopus laevis skin revealed a consensus sequence around a single arginine cleavage site which is 100% conserved on four residues Arg-Xaa-Val-Arg-Gly (RXVRG). A tetradecapeptide substrate (Asp-Val-Asp-Glu-Arg-Asp-Val-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ala-Ser-Phe-Leu-NH2) was used as a probe to purify and characterize the putative processing endoprotease. A hydrophobic enzyme was purified at least 9000-fold from Xenopus skin exudate by a four-step procedure. This highly specific activity cleaves the Arg-Gly bond and has no effect on the Arg-Xaa bond. It was strongly inhibited by divalent ion chelators, moderately by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin, and 1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, but was insensitive to soybean trypsin inhibitor. Tetradecapeptide derivatives selectively modified on each of the amino acids of the consensus sequence demonstrated the relevance of this conserved pattern to endoprotease action. This enzyme, which we refer to as RXVRG-endoprotease, is proposed to be involved in the post-translational processing of pro-caerulein, promagainin, pro-xenopsin, pro-glycyl-leucine amide, and pro-levitide of X. laevis skin secretory granules.
Effects of Antiepidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody 528 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Head and Neck Cancer (1994)

Antibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor may impede proliferation and induce differentiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor on the proliferation and differentiation of monolayer cells and multicellular tumor spheroids from three head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (1483, MDA 686Ln, and MDA 886Ln) and the epidermal growth factor—responsive vulvar carcinoma A431. All head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines were shown to express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor by Scatchard analyses. Epidermal growth factor inhibited the growth of monolayer cells but stimulated the growth of 886 and A431 multicellular tumor spheroids. Epidermal growth factor modulated the differentiation of A431 and 686 with respect to involucrin immunohistochemistry and cornified envelope competency. Monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor Inhibited cellular proliferation as measured by cell number, thymidine incorporation, and multicellular tumor spheroid volume. A mild promotion of differentiation was observed in the epidermal growth factor—responsive cells. In conclusion, monoclonal antibody 528 directed against epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells bearing high levels of epidermal growth factor receptors and promotes differentiation in some tumors. The use of a multicellular tumor spheroid model to evaluate growth factor responsiveness and inhibition of proliferation may more accurately reflect in vivo tumor growth than monolayer cells. Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor may prove effective in modulating disease progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Comparison of ovine herpesvirus 2 genomes isolated from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and a clinically affected cow (Bos bovis) (2006)

The rhadinovirus Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. OvHV-2 primarily affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. In this study, a composite sequence of OvHV-2 genomic DNA isolated from nasal secretions of sheep experiencing virus-shedding episodes was determined and compared with the sequence of OvHV-2 DNA isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a clinically affected cow. The study confirmed the OvHV-2 sequence information determined for the cell line-isolated DNA and showed no apparently significant changes in the OvHV-2 genome during passage through a clinically susceptible species with subsequent maintenance in vitro. Amino acid identity between the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of the two genomes was 94-100%, except for ORF73, which had an identity of 83%. Polymorphism in ORF73 was due primarily to variability in the G/E-rich repetitive central region of the ORF.
The influence of the dental papilla on the development of tooth shape in embryonic mouse tooth germs (1969)

ABSTRACT Studies of epithelio-mesenchymal interactions during embryonic organogenesis have led to a number of conclusions regarding (he nature of cellular and tissue differentiation (McLoughlin, 1963; Grobstein, 1967). For example, the importance of both the epithelium and the mesenchyme and the dependence of some systems on a limited number of specific mesenchymal tissues have been pointed out (Hilfer, 1968).
12 Interaction of Rhinovirus with Its Receptor, ICAM-1 (1994)

The rhinovirus is the single major infectious agent causing acute upper respiratory infections in humans. The rhinovirus has also emerged, following the determination of its atomic structure and identification of its major receptor, as a useful virus with which to study the molecular basis of virus/receptor interaction and the mechanism of virus entry into cells. In this chapter, we review the aspects of the structure and function of both rhinoviruses and the major receptor relevant to virus entry into host cells. We then describe recent studies directed toward defining the molecular basis of the interaction of rhinoviruses with this receptor and discuss how conformational changes in the virion may be involved in virus entry and uncoating. Rhinoviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and comprise a group of approximately 100 serologically distinct viruses. Of these viruses, 90% utilize a single common cell-surface receptor (Abraham et al. 1984; Uncapher et al. 1991), the major rhinovirus receptor, which has been identified as ICAM-1, or i nter c ellular a dhesion m olecule-1 (Greve et al. 1989; Staunton et al. 1989). The remaining 10% of the serotypes bind to a second receptor class, designated the minor receptor. The minor rhinovirus receptor appears to be a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 100 kD whose identity has not yet been determined (Mischak et al. 1988; Hofer et al. 1992). One rhinovirus serotype, HRV87, apparently binds to a third receptor (Uncapher et al. 1991). In addition to rhinoviruses, some coxsackie A viruses also utilize ICAM-1 as a receptor (Lonberg-Holm et...
Attenuation of waterborne coherent noise by application of hyperbolic velocity filtering during the tau-p transform (1986)

Abstract By limiting data input to the forward-inverse tau-p transform pair, velocity filtering which varies with time and offset can be achieved. The limiting procedure, called hyperbolic velocity filtering, suppresses coherent noise while retaining reflection events. It is based on knowledge of the stacking velocities, but only approximate values are needed. A suitable application for hyperbolic velocity filtering is in hard water-bottom marine areas where laterally propagating noise, diffracted by shallow scatterers, gives rise to reflection-like events with high apparent velocity in the CMP gathers. Such diffractions do not, however, generally have reflection-like moveouts in shot or receiver gathers. Hyperbolic velocity filtering offers moveout discrimination at all offset distances and traveltimes. When it is applied to shot (and receiver) gathers from a hard water-bottom area such as offshore Florida, a striking reduction of noise occurs in the stacked section. Comparison with similar application of fixed-limit (f-k) velocity filtering shows the hyperbolic filtering to be more effective for this data set.
Structure and functional expression of the human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha/RANTES receptor. (1993)

The chemokine beta family is comprised of at least six distinct cytokines that regulate trafficking of phagocytes and lymphocytes in mammalian species; at least one of these, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), also regulates the growth of hematopoietic stem cells. We now show that MIP-1 alpha and the related beta chemokine, RANTES, induce transient alterations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in polymorphonuclear leukocytes that can be reciprocally and specifically desensitized, suggesting a common receptor. Moreover, we have now cloned both the cDNA and the gene for this receptor, functionally expressed the receptor in Xenopus oocytes, and mapped the gene to human chromosome 3p21. Transcripts for the receptor were found in mature and immature myeloid cells as well as B cells. The receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. It has approximately 33% amino acid identity with receptors for the alpha chemokine, interleukin 8, and may be the human homologue of the product of US28, an open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus.
Re-evaluation of HeLa, HeLa S3, and HEp-2 karyotypes (1988)

In contrast to earlier reports, this study on HeLa, HeLa S3, and HEp-2 revealed that karyotypes of each cell line are characterized by a consistent marker chromosome composition and a constant number of copies for both normal and marker chromosomes. Based on these chromosome fingerprints and an analysis of 50 metaphases, the modal karyotype of each cell line was defined. Each modal karyotype had the composite content of the previously reported karyotypes of the same cell line, and, generally, the former had the same or a higher number of copies per chromosome than the latter. This modal karyotype can be used as a standard to identify and further individualize both the cell line itself and a subline within that cell line. We have also found that many cells within each cell line have the same karyotype. Portions of numerical data are compiled in a chart format by which the extent of chromosome differences between cultures can readily be compared. Also discussed in brief are characteristic chromosome changes that may help distinguish clonally derived cell lines from lines derived by cross-contamination.
Acute Regulation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel in Airway Epithelia by Proteases and Trafficking (2010)

Effective clearance of inhaled pathogens is the primary innate defense mechanism in the lung, and requires the maintenance of a proper airway surface liquid (ASL) volume to facilitate ciliary beat and optimize mucociliary clearance. Na(+) absorption via the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is tightly regulated and, together with chloride movement, provides the optimal osmotic gradients to absorb excessive fluid in the airway lumen while preventing excessive ASL dehydration, which would compromise mucus clearance from the lung. To absorb excessive fluid from the luminal surface, a local mechanism of ENaC activation allows for an increase in Na(+) absorption at times when the ASL volume is expanded. To help define these regulatory mechanisms, we examined the effects of ASL volume expansion on ENaC activity in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell cultures. We found that ENaC activity increases dramatically after rapid dilution of endogenous ASL. Approximately 35% of the increase in Na(+) absorption was attributable to activation of ENaC by proteases. The remainder of the increase in Na(+) current was prevented when membrane trafficking was disrupted with brefeldin A, nocodazole, or myosin light chain kinase inhibitors, demonstrating that trafficking is involved with ENaC regulation in the airway. These findings demonstrate that Na(+) absorption in the airway is acutely modulated by the coordinated trafficking of channels to the luminal surface and by the proteolytic activation of ENaC in response to ASL volume expansion.
Group C Streptococcal Infection in a Prosthetic Joint (2000)

We present possibly the first reported case of prosthetic joint infection due to group C Streptococcus in a 53-year-old man. The patient was treated with surgical debridement along with extended intravenous antibiotics and long-term oral penicillin therapy. He was able to retain the prosthesis and at 4-year follow-up had no symptoms or evidence of recurrent clinical infection.
Effect of Acute and Chronic Terfenadine on Free and Total Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients (1989)

Terfenadine is a unique H1-receptor antagonist devoid of adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects. Terfenadine is highly protein bound and has been shown to stimulate hepatic microsomal enzymes, making an interaction with phenytoin (PHT) possible. After assuring constant PHT levels for 7 days, 12 epileptic patients were studied with PHT alone, after a single daily dose of terfenadine (60 mg twice daily), and again after 2 weeks of chronic terfenadine therapy. Samples for PHT were drawn over 24 h, and urine was collected for determination of the PHT metabolite 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH). The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for total and free PHT and HPPH were area under the time concentration curve (AUC), the maximum serum concentration (Cmax), the minimum serum concentration (Cmin), and the percentage of fluctuation between maximum and minimum concentrations. A factor analysis was used to clarify interrelationships. Five dependent variables were found to represent the data. These were assessed by multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA); p less than 0.05 was considered significant. No significant differences were observed for any of the parameters for the acute or chronic effects of terfenadine. We conclude that terfenadine does not interfere with PHT.
Rapid Luminescent Detection of Phosphate Esters in Solution and the Gas Phase Using (dppe)Pt{S2C2(2-pyridyl)(CH2CH2OH)} (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRapid Luminescent Detection of Phosphate Esters in Solution and the Gas Phase Using (dppe)Pt{S2C2(2-pyridyl)(CH2CH2OH)}Kelly A. Van Houten, Danica C. Heath, and Robert S. PilatoView Author Information University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College Park, Maryland 20742 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 47, 12359–12360Publication Date (Web):November 13, 1998Publication History Received6 July 1998Published online13 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982365dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982365drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views889Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Organic compounds,Organophosphorus compounds,Phosphates,Triazole Get e-Alerts
In situmonitoring of a flash light sintering process using silver nano-ink for producing flexible electronics (2012)

In this work, a flash light sintering process using silver nano-inks is investigated. A silver nano-ink pattern was printed on a flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate using a gravure-offset printing system. The printed silver nano-ink was sintered at room temperature and under ambient conditions using a flash of light from a xenon lamp using an in-house flash light sintering system. In order to monitor the light sintering process, a Wheatstone bridge electrical circuit was devised and changes in the voltage difference of the silver nano-ink were recorded during the sintering process using an oscilloscope. The sheet resistance changes during the sintering process were monitored using the in situ monitoring system devised, under various light conditions (e.g. light energy, on-time and off-time duration, and pulse numbers). The microstructure of the sintered silver film and the interface between the silver film and the PET substrate were observed using a scanning electron microscope, a focused ion beam and an optical microscope. The electrical sheet resistances of the sintered silver films were measured using a four-point probe method. Using the in situ monitoring system devised, the flash light sintering mechanism was studied for each type of light pulse (e.g. evaporation of organic binder followed by the forming of a neck-like junction and its growth, etc).The optimal flash light sintering condition is suggested on the basis of the in situ monitoring results. The optimized flash light sintering process produces a silver film with a lower sheet resistance (0.95 Ω/sq) compared with that of the thermally sintered silver film (2.03 Ω/sq) without damaging the PET substrate or allowing interfacial delamination between the silver film and the PET substrate.
Metallothionein-Human GH Fusion Genes Stimulate Growth of Mice (1983)

The promoter or regulatory region of the mouse gene for metallothionein-I was fused to the structural gene coding for human growth hormone. These fusion genes were introduced into mice by microinjection of fertilized eggs. Twenty-three (70 percent) of the mice that stably incorporated the fusion genes showed high concentrations of human growth hormone in their serum and grew significantly larger than control mice. Synthesis of human growth hormone was induced further by cadmium or zinc, which normally induce metallothionein gene expression. Transgenic mice that expressed human growth hormone also showed increased concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I in their serum. Histology of their pituitaries suggests dysfunction of the cells that normally synthesize growth hormone. The fusion genes were expressed in all tissues examined, but the ratio of human growth hormone messenger RNA to endogenous metallothionein-I messenger RNA varied among different tissues and different animals, suggesting that expression of the foreign genes is influenced by site of integration and tissue environment.
Effect of Short-board of Government Administration Based on the Exploitation of Ecotourism Resources in China (2006)

Ecotourism refers to a kind of tourism based on ”back to great nature”. Ecotourism resources can be easily destroyed by improper exploitation because of its shortage and sensitivity. Therefore, to establish a new ecotourism resources exploitation fashion to uniform the benefit of zoology, economy and society, it needs to be ensured by system. This paper begins with ecotourism resources exploitation in China, from which the effect of system short-board has been pointed out, and some countermeasures came out at last.
Characterization of Bacillus Probiotics Available for Human Use (2004)

Bacillus species (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus pumilus) carried in five commercial probiotic products consisting of bacterial spores were characterized for potential attributes (colonization, immunostimulation, and antimicrobial activity) that could account for their claimed probiotic properties. Three B. cereus strains were shown to persist in the mouse gastrointestinal tract for up to 18 days postadministration, demonstrating that these organisms have some ability to colonize. Spores of one B. cereus strain were extremely sensitive to simulated gastric conditions and simulated intestinal fluids. Spores of all strains were immunogenic when they were given orally to mice, but the B. pumilus strain was found to generate particularly high anti-spore immunoglobulin G titers. Spores of B. pumilus and of a laboratory strain of B. subtilis were found to induce the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in a cultured macrophage cell line, and in vivo, spores of B. pumilus and B. subtilis induced the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and the Th1 cytokine gamma interferon. The B. pumilus strain and one B. cereus strain (B. cereus var. vietnami) were found to produce a bacteriocin-like activity against other Bacillus species. The results that provided evidence of colonization, immunostimulation, and antimicrobial activity support the hypothesis that the organisms have a potential probiotic effect. However, the three B. cereus strains were also found to produce the Hbl and Nhe enterotoxins, which makes them unsafe for human use.