gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slow‐to‐fast transformation of denervated soleus muscles by chronic high‐frequency stimulation in the rat. (1988)

1. Adult soleus muscles were denervated and stimulated directly for 2-130 days with 'fast' (short pulse trains at 100 Hz) or 'slow' (continuously at 10 Hz, or long pulse trains at 15 Hz) stimulus patterns. 2. At the end of the period of stimulation isometric twitches and tetani and isotonic shortening velocities were measured. Frozen cross-sections were later examined with antibodies against myosin heavy chains specific for adult fast, adult slow and fetal myosin. 3. Isometric twitch duration (twitch time-to-peak and half-relaxation time) decreased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to values that were almost as fast as in the normal extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (95 and 94% transformation). The major part of the decrease occurred between 2 and 21 days after the onset of stimulation, and was accompanied by post-tetanic potentiation of the twitch, 'sag' in tension during an unfused tetanus, lower twitch/tetanus ratio and marked shifts to the right (higher frequencies) of the tension-frequency curve of the muscle. In contrast, during 10 or 15 Hz stimulation the isometric twitch duration remained slow, the twitch continued to show post-tetanic depression and absence of 'sag', while the twitch/tetanus ratio increased. 4. Denervation per se led to a slight increase and, then, after about a month, to a moderate and gradual decrease in twitch duration. The twitch/tetanus ratio increased markedly and post-tetanic depression became less pronounced or disappeared. Muscle weight and particularly tetanic tension were markedly reduced and these reductions were to a large extent counteracted by electrical stimulation. 5. Implantation of sham electrodes had no effect on twitch duration of denervated or innervated control muscles, but reduced tetanic tension in the innervated control muscles. 6. Maximum isotonic shortening velocity of the whole muscle (mm/s) increased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to a value as fast as in the normal EDL (110% transformation). Since the muscle fibres also increased in length (35%) maximum intrinsic shortening velocity (fibre lengths/s) was only incompletely transformed (55%). The increase in Vmax occurred between 7 and 14 days after the onset of stimulation. 7. All the fibres stimulated intermittently at 100 Hz were strongly labelled with anti-fast myosin and more than 90% were in addition weakly labelled by anti-slow myosin. Weak and variable labelling with anti-fast myosin was first detected 7 days after the onset of stimulation. In contrast, essentially all the fibres stimulated at 10 or 15 Hz showed no binding of anti-fast but strong binding of anti-slow myosin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Building and analyzing protein interactome networks by cross-species comparisons (2010)

Protein-protein interactions were predicted in five species, based on orthology. An InteroScore, a score accounting for homology, number of orthologues with evidence of interactions, and number of unique observations of interactions, is given to each known and predicted interaction. Our website http://www.interologfinder.org provides research biologists intuitive access to this data.
Intrinsic Membrane Hyperexcitability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Motor Neurons (2014)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor nervous system. We show using multielectrode array and patch-clamp recordings that hyperexcitability detected by clinical neurophysiological studies of ALS patients is recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from ALS patients harboring superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), C9orf72, and fused-in-sarcoma mutations. Motor neurons produced from a genetically corrected but otherwise isogenic SOD1(+/+) stem cell line do not display the hyperexcitability phenotype. SOD1(A4V/+) ALS patient-derived motor neurons have reduced delayed-rectifier potassium current amplitudes relative to control-derived motor neurons, a deficit that may underlie their hyperexcitability. The Kv7 channel activator retigabine both blocks the hyperexcitability and improves motor neuron survival in vitro when tested in SOD1 mutant ALS cases. Therefore, electrophysiological characterization of human stem cell-derived neurons can reveal disease-related mechanisms and identify therapeutic candidates.
Haplotype variation in bovine Toll-like receptor 4 and computational prediction of a positively selected ligand-binding domain (2003)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a cell-surface receptor that activates innate and adaptive immune responses. Because it recognizes a broad class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns presented by lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid, TLR4 is a candidate gene for resistance to a large number of diseases. In particular, mouse models suggest TLR4 as a candidate gene for resistance to major agents in bovine respiratory disease and Johne's disease. The coding sequence of bovine TLR4 is divided into three exons, with intron/exon boundaries and intron sizes similar to those of human TLR4 transcript variant 1. We amplified each exon in 40 individuals from 11 breeds and screened the sequence for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 32 SNPs, 28 of which are in the coding sequence, for an average of one SNP per 90 bp of coding sequence. Eight SNPs were nonsynonymous and potentially alter specificity of pathogen recognition or efficiency of signaling. To evaluate the functional importance of these SNPs, we used codon-substitution models to detect diversifying selection in an extracellular region that may physically interact with ligands. One nonsynonymous SNP is located within this region, and other substitutions are in adjacent regions that may interact with coreceptor molecules. The 32 SNPs were found in 20 haplotypes that can be assigned to geographic ranges of origin. Haplotype-tagging SNP analysis indicated that 12 SNPs need to be genotyped to distinguish these 20 haplotypes. These data provide a basic understanding of bovine TLR4 sequence variation and supply haplotype markers for disease association studies.
Determination of optimal exposure time for imaging of blood flow changes with laser speckle contrast imaging (2005)

Laser speckle contrast imaging is becoming an established method for full-field imaging of cerebral blood flow dynamics in animal models. The sensitivity and noise in the measurement of blood flow changes depend on the camera exposure time. The relation among sensitivity, noise, and camera exposure time was investigated experimentally by imaging the speckle contrast changes in the brain after electrical forepaw stimulation in rats. The sensitivity to relative changes in speckle contrast was found to increase at longer exposure times and to reach a plateau for exposure times greater than approximately 2 ms. However, the speckle contrast noise also increases with exposure time and thus the contrast-to-noise ratio was found to peak at an exposure time of approximately 5 ms. Our results suggests that approximately 5 ms is an optimal exposure time for imaging of stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood flow in rodents.
Molecular vibration imaging in the fingerprint region by use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with a collinear configuration (2000)

We have developed a new coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy system with a collinear configuration for use in the fingerprint region. The system consists of a picosecond laser system and a transmission-type laser scanning microscope without a pinhole in front of the detector. The observable Raman-shift region is 900-1750 cm(-1), the spectral resolution is 30cm(-1), and the spatial resolution is smaller than 1 mum in the lateral direction and 3.2 mum in the depth direction, with objectives with a numerical aperture of 0.65. CARS spectra and images of polystyrene beads are demonstrated, and CARS imaging of a viable yeast cell is attempted.
Antibodies to Oxidized LDL in Relation to Intima-Media Thickness in Carotid and Femoral Arteries in 58-Year-Old Subjectively Clinically Healthy Men (2001)

Antibody (Ab) titers to oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) have been found to be independent predictors of the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Ab titers against OxLDL may be related to the entire burden of atherosclerosis in the vascular tree or, more specifically, to the disease process in different arterial regions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between IgG and IgM titers to modified LDL and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid and femoral arteries in subjectively clinically healthy 58-year-old men. IMT was measured by ultrasound, and Ab titers to modified LDL were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the common carotid artery IMT was associated with elevated titers of IgG-OxLDL Ab and independently with systolic blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index. The femoral artery IMT showed a negative correlation to IgM-OxLDL Ab and independent associations with smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. To summarize, in 58-year-old subjectively clinically healthy men recruited from the general population, there was a positive association between IgG-OxLDL Ab and IMT in the common carotid artery and a negative association between IgM-OxLDL Ab and IMT in the common femoral artery. However, these associations were not independent of other risk factors.
Muscarine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole and peptide alkaloids, and other miscellaneous alkaloids (1998)

J. R. Lewis, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1998, 15, 417 DOI: 10.1039/A815417Y
Urea and lactate determined in 1-microL whole-blood samples with a miniaturized thermal biosensor (1994)

A miniaturized flow-injected thermal biosensor was developed for the determination of urea and L-lactate in undiluted blood in 1-microL samples. The sensor employed a small enzyme column constructed of stainless steel tubing and microbead thermistors. Urease and lactate oxidase/catalase were separately immobilized onto controlled-pore glass beads, which, in turn, were charged into the enzyme column. With a flow rate of 70 microL/min, linear analytical ranges from 0.2 to at least 50 mmol/L and 0.2 to 14 mmol/L were obtained for urea and lactate, respectively. The relative standard deviations (CVs) for measurements of analyte in buffer were 0.91% for urea and 1.84% for lactate. For urea in whole blood, the CV for 50 determinations was 4.1%. Contrived samples containing various concentrations of urea and L-lactate in whole blood were determined with this sensor and with a spectrophotometric method. Comparisons of the results gave correlation coefficients of 0.989 and 0.984 for 30 blood urea and 30 blood lactate assays in concentrations ranging from 4 to 20.9 mmol/L and from 1.7 to 12.7 mmol/L, respectively.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 function in lung cancer (2013)

Constitutively activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins are involved in multiple aberrant signaling pathway-oncogenic pathways, including pathways regulating tumor cell survival. STAT3 is one of the second messengers in the Janus activated family kinases/STAT signaling pathway and is regulated by many different factors involving tumorigenesis. Given that the activation of STAT3 is observed in nearly 50% of Lung cancers and more and more researches regarding STAT3 in tumors, here in, we reviewed the contribution of STAT3 to lung cancer growth and progression and then the context in which positive and negative regulation of STAT activation leading to cell competition provides a mechanism for therapeutic intervention for specific cancers is discussed.
Surgical Adjuvant Active Specific Immunotherapy for Patients with Stage III Melanoma: The Final Analysis of Data from a Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Vaccinia Melanoma Oncolysate Trial (1998)

This study was a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled evaluation of an active specific immunotherapeutic agent to increase the DFI or OS of patients with stage III melanoma in a surgical adjuvant setting. In this trial, ASI with VMO when compared with V showed no difference in either DFI or OS. In a retrospective subset analysis, however, a subset of men with one to five positive nodes, between the ages of 44 and 57 years, showed a survival advantage with VMO. This result suggests that one must include a detailed subset analysis in the design of future trials of ASI for patients with American Joint Commission on Cancer stage III melanoma. An appropriate control arm also must be included in ASI trials.
The use of appropriateness criteria for the selection of clinical preventive services for a Pacific island health service. (2005)

Clinical preventive services are measures performed in the clinic setting for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health. The general practice/public health physician residency class of the Palau Area Health Education Center reviewed existing clinical preventive services protocols for the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Palau and revised them, taking four criteria into consideration for each candidate intervention (local patterns of disease and risk factors, evidence for effectiveness of the intervention, local system capability for delivery of the intervention and its consequences, and competing priorities). The resulting package of interventions is much more focused and appropriate to local conditions than was the one that it replaced. It has the potential to improve the health status of the population by making better use of available resources.
In vivo TSPO imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis: a brain PET study with [18F]FEDAA1106 (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01031199.
CCL5-Mediated Endogenous Antitumor Immunity Elicited by Adoptively Transferred Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cell Depletion (2009)

Adoptive transfer of antitumor T cells is a promisingly effective therapy for various cancers, but its effect on endogenous antitumor immune mechanisms remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the administration of naive T cells de novo primed for only 7 days against tumor antigens resulted in the durable rejection of otherwise lethal ovarian cancers when coupled with the depletion of tumor-associated immunosuppressive dendritic cells (DC). Therapeutic activity required tumor antigen specificity and perforin expression by the adoptively transferred T cells, but not IFN-gamma production. Importantly, these shortly primed T cells secreted large amounts of CCL5, which was required for their therapeutic benefit. Accordingly, transferred T cells recruited CCR5(+) DCs into the tumor, where they showed distinct immunostimulatory attributes. Activated CCR5(+) host T cells with antitumor activity also accumulated at tumor locations, and endogenous tumor-specific memory T cells remained elevated after the disappearance of transferred lymphocytes. Therefore, persistent, long-lived antitumor immunity was triggered by the administration of ex vivo activated T cells, but was directly mediated by immune cells of host origin. Our data unveil a CCL5-dependent mechanism of awakening endogenous antitumor immunity triggered by ex vivo expanded T cells, which is augmented by tumor-specific targeting of the cancer microenvironment.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Short Peptide-Based Multimetal Tags for Biomolecule Labeling (2014)

We describe an unprecedented solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of short peptide-based multimetal tags designated as elemental tags for the quantification of biomolecules via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The macrocyclic chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane N,N′,N″,N‴-tetra acetic acid (DOTA) was attached to the side chain of N-α-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-l-lysine (Fmoc-Lys-OH) and metalated with a lanthanide to provide a building block for Fmoc-based SPPS. Thereby, in contrast to existing strategies for the synthesis of DOTA–peptide conjugates, an already metalated DOTA-amino acid was used as a building block for SPPS. The DOTA-lanthanide complex was stable throughout the whole SPPS, even during the final cleavage in concentrated trifluoroacetic acid. This indicates that the strategy to first metalate the Fmoc-Lys(DOTA)-OH and to utilize the metal coordination to protect the carboxyl groups of DOTA offers an alternative to conventional synthetic routes using tert-butyl protected DOTA. Several small peptides containing up to four metal ions were synthesized, among them peptides carrying defined metal sequences consisting of two different lanthanides. The peptides were N-terminally maleimide-functionalized, thus introducing a moiety for conjugation to thiol-bearing biomolecules. The final objective of this work was the signal enhancement in ICP-MS-based DNA quantification assays. To evaluate the performance of the multimetal peptide tags in assay, they were applied to label thiol-modified 15mer DNA oligonucleotide probes. These served as reporter probes in a model sandwich-type hybridization assay. Thereby, we found that the ICP-MS signal increased linearly with the number of lanthanide ions attached to the reporter probe.
安装Windows Server 2008——就这么简单！ (2008)

Windows Server 2008的安装过程是基于镜像文件的，与以往Windows Server家族的操作系统有很大区别。本文详细介绍了该系统的安装、配置以及建立自动应答文件进行自动化安装的过程。
RE: PERCUTANEOUS SACRAL NERVE ROOT NEUROMODULATION FOR INTRACTABLE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS (2001)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Letters to the Editor1 Sep 2001RE: PERCUTANEOUS SACRAL NERVE ROOT NEUROMODULATION FOR INTRACTABLE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS C.F. Maher, M.P. Carey, P.L. Dwyer, and P.L. Schluter C.F. MaherC.F. Maher More articles by this author , M.P. CareyM.P. Carey More articles by this author , P.L. DwyerP.L. Dwyer More articles by this author , and P.L. SchluterP.L. Schluter More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65901-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: PERCUTANEOUS SACRAL NERVE ROOT NEUROMODULATION FOR INTRACTABLE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS." The Journal of Urology, 166(3), p. 1009 © 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 166Issue 3September 2001Page: 1009 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C.F. Maher More articles by this author M.P. Carey More articles by this author P.L. Dwyer More articles by this author P.L. Schluter More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Animal model: Skeletal anomalies in mice with cleidocranial dysplasia (1987)

Cleidocranial dysplasia in mice, a radiation-induced skeletal mutation, showed striking homology with cleidocranial dysplasia in humans. Genetic studies indicated that the condition in mice is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity and almost complete penetrance. The homozygous condition was lethal in utero. Radiographic and alcian blue/alizarin red S-stained whole-skeletal preparation studies were used to determine the extent, pattern, incidence, and distribution of skeletal abnormalities in heterozygous mice. Cleidocranial dysplasia in mice was characterized by variable clavicular hypoplasia, delayed closure of cranial fontanelles and sutures, and variable hypoplasia of pelvic bones, in particular ischiopubic rami. The gene symbol Ccd is proposed for the cleidocranial dysplasia mutation in mice and humans.
Design and optimization of degenerated universal primers for the cloning of the plant acetolactate synthase conserved domains (2004)

A set of universal and degenerate primers has been designed to clone (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) the conserved domains of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene where mutations confer resistance to ALS herbicides in plants. These primers were successful in cloning conserved domains of ALS in all monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants tested to date, as well as that of bacteria. Total genomic DNA was used as the source of target DNA because no introns were found in the sequences to be amplified. The design of the universal primers was performed after subtle modifications of the consensus degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers approach, which implies the synthesis of hybrid oligonucleotide primers containing fixed clamp 5′ and degenerate core 3′ sequences. Optimizations of PCR reactions were done according to a Taguchy approach described for the first time with degenerate oligonucleotides. This method optimizes a PCR reaction using four variables (deoxynucleoside triphosphate, DNA, primers, and Mg 2+ ) under three different concentrations per variable using just nine reactions. The ALS herbicide-binding domains from many susceptible and resistant plants can be cloned and sequenced in a few hours by using only 100 mg of starting plant material, like one leaf or several small seedlings or seeds.
Isolation and transplantation of islet tissue (1984)

Abstract Recently, there have been remarkable advances in the area of islet tissue isolation and immuno‐alteration that place islet tissue transplantation on the verge of clinical trials. This paper reviews the islet isolation advances by focusing on 5 approaches: altering the pancreas in vivo, distending and/or perfusing the pancreas in vitro, chopping the pan‐creas, isolating either intact islets or islet cells, and purifying the islet tissue. This review also focuses on 3 areas of islet tissue transplantation: islet tissue preparation, transplantation sites, and the prevention of rejection. Advances in these areas should solve the remaining technical problems currently preventing clinical trials .
Hepatic apolipoprotein J is secreted as a lipoprotein. (1992)

Apolipoprotein J (apoJ) is a unique glycoprotein thought to be involved in a variety of physiological processes, including lipid transport, regulation of complement function, sperm maturation, programmed cell death, and membrane recycling. In the plasma, apoJ is associated with apoA-I in high and very high density lipoproteins. In this report we demonstrate that HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells secrete apoJ in association with a significant amount of lipid, providing unequivocal evidence that apoJ can transport lipids. The HepG2 cell line has provided important clues about the structural organization of nascent lipoprotein particles. HepG2 cell apoJ-containing lipoproteins are dense and heterogenous in size, ranging from 100 to 910 kDa. Plasma and HepG2 cell apoJ-lipoproteins differ in size distribution. Both have alpha 2 electrophoretic mobility, although their average mobilities differ within the alpha 2 region. In contrast to plasma apoJ-HDL which contain little triglyceride and which can associate with apoA-I, HepG2 cell apoJ-lipoproteins are rich in triglyceride and lack apoA-I. By implication, nascent apoJ-lipoproteins undergo plasma remodeling that results in triglyceride depletion and apoA-I association. We propose that the metabolic consequences of this remodeling play an important role in lipid homeostasis in localized tissue environments, particularly where organs are isolated from the blood by cellular barriers such as in testis and brain. In such tissues, apoJ is expressed constitutively in high level compared to other lipid transport proteins.