gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The animal fatty acid synthase: one gene, one polypeptide, seven enzymes (1994)

The animal fatty acid synthase comprises two multifunctional polypeptide chains, each containing seven discrete functional domains, juxtaposed head-to-tail such that two separate centers for fatty acid assembly are formed at the subunit interface. The kinetics and specificities of the component enzymes are well adapted to ensure that, at each of the two centers, the iterative condensation of an acetyl moiety with successive malonyl moieties and complete reduction of the beta-keto intermediates normally results in the formation of palmitic acid as the major product. Nevertheless, utilization of alternative substrates and alternative chain-terminating mechanisms can extend the range of products to include branched-chain, odd carbon-numbered, and shorter chain-length fatty acids. The potential of this multifunctional form of molecular architecture for the elaboration of more complex natural products has been further exploited in microorganisms that, by the use of different fatty acid synthase "modules" that perform variable beta-carbon processing at successive elongation steps, generate a structurally diverse family of polyketides retaining keto, hydroxyl, enoyl, or alkyl functions at specific positions in the carbon chain.
Zafirlukast: The First Leukotreene-Receptor Antagonist Approved for the Treatment of Asthma (1997)

Zafirlukast is the first orally active leukotriene-receptor antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prophylactic and chronic treatment of asthma. Since the leukotrienes play an important role in the underlying inflammatory processes of asthma, zafirlukast represents a new antiinflammatory option available in an oral dosage form. It is clear that this agent has therapeutic activity in patients with asthma, but its effectiveness relative to other antiasthma medications still needs confirmation. Data from clinical studies support the use of zafirlukast as first-line therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Further research is needed to establish its role as an add-on agent for patients with severe asthma, aspirin-sensitive asthma, and both allergies and asthma. In addition to having a favorable safety and efficacy profile, zafirlukast has the advantage of being an oral agent with twice-daily dosing; these attributes offer the potential for greater patient adherence to pharmacotherapy and, thereby, improved control of asthma symptoms.
Towards low-loss monolithic silicon and nitride photonic building blocks in state-of-the-art 300mm CMOS foundry (2020)

We review recent progress in loss reduction of Si and SiN waveguides in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 300mm monolithic Si photonics platform. Primary challenges to creating low-loss CMOS integrated photonic components are highlighted and potential solutions are outlined.
Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (invited) (1996)

Isolated and interactive arrays of magnetic nanostructures as small as 15 nm are fabricated using nanolithography and related technologies, and are characterized using magnetic force microscopy. It has been demonstrated that manipulating the size, aspect ratio, and spacing of these nanostructures can lead to unique control of their magnetic properties. A quantum magnetic disk based on discrete single-domain nanomagnetic structures with storage density of 65 Gbits/in.2 is demonstrated along with a low-cost method for mass producing such disks. Other impacts that nanofabrication can bring to the development of future magnetic storage are discussed.
Propeller-based wireless device for active capsular endoscopy in the gastric district (2009)

An innovative approach to active locomotion for capsular endoscopy in the gastric district is reported in this paper. Taking advantage of the ingestion of 500 ml of transparent liquid by the patient, an effective distension of the stomach is safely achieved for a timeframe of approximately 30 minutes. Given such a scenario, an active swallowable capsule able to navigate inside the stomach thanks to a four propeller system has been developed. The capsule is 15 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length, and it is composed of a supporting shell containing a wireless microcontroller, a battery and four motors. The motors enable the rotation of propellers located in the rear side of the device, thus obtaining a reliable locomotion and steering of the capsule in all directions in a liquid. The power consumption has been properly optimized in order to achieve an operative lifetime consistent with the time of the diagnostic inspection of the gastric district, assumed to be no more than 30 minutes. The capsule can be easily remotely controlled by the endoscopist using a joystick together with a purposely developed graphical user interface. The capsule design, prototyping, in vitro, ex vivo and preliminary in vivo tests are described in this work.
Identification and purification of a purothionin homolog from rye (Secale cereale L.) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and purification of a purothionin homolog from rye (Secale cereale L.)C. Hernandez-Lucas, P. Carbonero, and F. Garcia-OlmedoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 4, 794–796Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60218a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60218a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RNAi-mediated silencing of estrogen receptor α in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus abolishes female sexual behaviors (2006)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays a major role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions and behaviors by estrogens. Although the generation of ERalpha knockout mice advanced our knowledge of ERalpha functions, gene deletion using this method is global and potentially confounded by developmental consequences. To achieve a site-specific knockdown of ERalpha in the normally developed adult brain, we have generated an adeno-associated virus vector expressing a small hairpin RNA targeting ERalpha. After bilateral injection of this vector into the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus in ovariectomized female mice, expression levels of ERalpha as well as the estrogen-inducible progesterone receptor were profoundly reduced despite the continued presence of this receptor elsewhere in the brain. Functionally, silencing of ERalpha in the ventromedial nucleus abolished female proceptive and receptive sexual behaviors while enhancing rejection behavior. These results provide evidence that adeno-associated virus-mediated long-term knockdown of genes can be used to delineate their effects on complex behaviors in discrete brain regions.
Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes. (1984)

Part 1 Probability and Random Variables 1 The Meaning of Probability 2 The Axioms of Probability 3 Repeated Trials 4 The Concept of a Random Variable 5 Functions of One Random Variable 6 Two Random Variables 7 Sequences of Random Variables 8 Statistics Part 2 Stochastic Processes 9 General Concepts 10 Random Walk and Other Applications 11 Spectral Representation 12 Spectral Estimation 13 Mean Square Estimation 14 Entropy 15 Markov Chains 16 Markov Processes and Queueing Theory
Sildenafil Treatment in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2017)

Our study provides a potential mechanism for the effects of sildenafil that, through adverse effects on mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress, could have contributed to the neutral trial results in RELAX. Short-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitine metabolites and asparagine/aspartic acid could serve as biomarkers associated with adverse clinical outcomes in HFpEF.
Using the triangle inequality to accelerate k-means (2003)

The k-means algorithm is by far the most widely used method for discovering clusters in data. We show how to accelerate it dramatically, while still always computing exactly the same result as the standard algorithm. The accelerated algorithm avoids unnecessary distance calculations by applying the triangle inequality in two different ways, and by keeping track of lower and upper bounds for distances between points and centers. Experiments show that the new algorithm is effective for datasets with up to 1000 dimensions, and becomes more and more effective as the number k of clusters increases. For k&amp;gt;=20 it is many times faster than the best previously known accelerated k-means method.
Inosine Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Production by a Posttranscriptional Mechanism and Protects Against Endotoxin-Induced Shock (2000)

Extracellular purines, including adenosine and ATP, are potent endogenous immunomodulatory molecules. Inosine, a degradation product of these purines, can reach high concentrations in the extracellular space under conditions associated with cellular metabolic stress such as inflammation or ischemia. In the present study, we investigated whether extracellular inosine can affect inflammatory/immune processes. In immunostimulated macrophages and spleen cells, inosine potently inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-12, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, and IFN-gamma, but failed to alter the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The effect of inosine did not require cellular uptake by nucleoside transporters and was partially reversed by blockade of adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. Inosine inhibited cytokine production by a posttranscriptional mechanism. The activity of inosine was independent of activation of the p38 and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, the phosphorylation of the c-Jun terminal kinase, the degradation of inhibitory factor kappaB, and elevation of intracellular cAMP. Inosine suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and mortality in a mouse endotoxemic model. Taken together, inosine has multiple anti-inflammatory effects. These findings, coupled with the fact that inosine has very low toxicity, suggest that this agent may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory/ischemic diseases.
Control of the Translational Efficiency of β-ATPase mRNA Depends on the Regulation of a Protein That Binds the 3′ Untranslated Region of the mRNA (1997)

The expression of the nucleus-encoded beta-F1-ATPase gene of oxidative phosphorylation is developmentally regulated in the liver at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In this study we have analyzed the potential mechanisms that control the cytoplasmic expression of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA during liver development. Remarkably, a full-length 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the transcript is required for its efficient in vitro translation. When the 3' UTR of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA is placed downstream of a reporter construct, it functions as a translational enhancer. In vitro translation experiments with full-length beta-F1-ATPase mRNA and with a chimeric reporter construct containing the 3' UTR of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA suggested the existence of an inhibitor of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA translation in the fetal liver. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and UV cross-linking experiments allowed the identification of an acutely regulated protein (3'betaFBP) of the liver that binds at the 3' UTR of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA. The developmental profile of 3'betaFBP parallels the reported changes in the translational efficiency of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA during development. Fractionation of fetal liver extracts revealed that the inhibitory activity of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA translation cofractionates with 3'-UTR band-shifting activity. Compared to other tissues of the adult rat, kidney and spleen extracts showed very high expression levels of 3'betaFBP. Translation of beta-F1-ATPase mRNA in the presence of kidney and spleen extracts further supported a translational inhibitory role for 3'betaFBP. Mapping experiments and a deletion mutant of the 3' UTR revealed that the cis-acting element for binding 3'betaFBP is located within a highly conserved region of the 3' UTR of mammalian beta-F1-ATPase mRNAs. Overall, we have identified a mechanism of translational control that regulates the rapid postnatal differentiation of liver mitochondria.
PERCUTANEOUS AFFERENT NEUROMODULATION FOR THE REFRACTORY OVERACTIVE BLADDER: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY (2001)

Percutaneous peripheral afferent nerve stimulation offers a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for managing refractive overactive bladder and/or pelvic floor dysfunction.
DC and RF performance of 0.25 μm p-type SiGe MODFET (1996)

The DC and RF performance of a 0.25 μm gate-length p-type SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET) is reported. The hole channel consists of compressively strained Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ layer grown on a relaxed Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ buffer on a Si substrate. The combination of high-hole mobility, low-gate leakage current, and improved ohmic contact metallization results in an enhancement of the DC and RF performance. A maximum extrinsic transconductance (g(m/sub e/xt)) of 230 mS/mm was measured. A unity current gain cut-off frequency (fT) of 24 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of 37 GHz were obtained for these devices.
Albumin−Insulin Conjugate Releasing Insulin Slowly under Physiological Conditions:  A New Concept for Long-Acting Insulin (2005)

The covalent linkage of peptides or protein drugs to human serum albumin (HSA) greatly prolongs their lifetime in vivo but is pharmacologically irrelevant when it irreversibly inactivates them. We retain drug bioactivity by synthesizing a heterobifunctional reagent (MAL-Fmoc-OSu, 9-hydroxymethyl-2-(amino-3-maleimidopropionate)-fluorene-N-hydroxysuccinimide) that generates HSA-Fmoc-insulin on covalent conjugation to the amino group of insulin and the Cys-34 side chain of HSA. HSA-Fmoc-insulin is water-soluble and, upon incubation in aqueous buffers reflecting normal human serum conditions, slowly, spontaneously, and homogeneously hydrolyzes to release unmodified insulin with a t 1/2 of 25 +/- 2 h. A single subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration of HSA-Fmoc-insulin to diabetic rodents lowers circulating glucose levels for about 4 times longer than an equipotent dose of Zn2+-free insulin. Following subcutaneous administration, onset of the glucose-lowering effect is delayed 0.5-1 h and persists for 12 h. Thus, we present a prototype insulin formulation possessing three desirable parameters: high aqueous solubility, delayed action following subcutaneous administration, and prolonged therapeutic effect.
USE OF LOW-DOSE OKT3 AS INDUCTION THERAPY IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1998)

Low-dose OKT3 induction appears to be a safe and useful method of postoperative immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Its ultimate clinical, immunologic, and economic efficacy awaits determination by randomized trial.
Discovering authorities in question answer communities by using link analysis (2007)

Question-Answer portals such as Naver and Yahoo! Answers are quickly becoming rich sources of knowledge on many topics which are not well served by general web search engines. Unfortunately, the quality of the submitted answers is uneven, ranging from excellent detailed answers to snappy and insulting remarks or even advertisements for commercial content. Furthermore, user feedback for many topics is sparse, and can be insufficient to reliably identify good answers from the bad ones. Hence, estimating the authority of users is a crucial task for this emerging domain, with potential applications to answer ranking, spam detection, and incentive mechanism design. We present an analysis of the link structure of a general-purpose question answering community to discover authoritative users, and promising experimental results over a dataset of more than 3 million answers from a popular community QA site. We also describe structural differences between question topics that correlate with the success of link analysis for authority discovery.
Lymphatic Removal of Fluids and Particles in the Mammalian Lung (1980)

The structure and distribution of pulmonary lymphatics and their permeability to fluids and particulate materials have been investigated in the lungs of rats following fixation by combined intratracheal and vascular perfusion. In such preparations, the lymphatics remain in a distended state, and a close relationship to other structural components of the pulmonary interstitium is maintained. They were identified in regions with an abundant amount of connective tissue, forming an eleborate plexus within the pleura, the interlobular septum, peribronchial and perivascular areas. Recent data have shown that water-soluble molecules and particulate matter are removed from the interstitium along the lymphatic capillary (initial lymphatics) segment. It is distinguished by attenuated endothelial cells with extensively overlapping cell margins which are easily separated. We have studied this segment of the lymphatic vascular system following intratracheal injections of colloidal particles (ferritin and carbon) to determine the structural features responsible for the transport of large molecules and particulate materials across the lymphatic endothelial wall in the lung. The results showed that the tracer particles cross the lymphatic endothelial wall via the clefts of intercellular junctions. While the tracer particles were observed within vesicles, the question of transport across the lymphatic endothelium via plasmalemmal vesicles is still not settled since the number and size of vesicles containing tracer particles also increased with time. Intravascular injected dextran was also localized within the clefts of intercellular junctions and plasmalemmal vesicles. The results obtained with intratracheal and intravascular injected tracer substances are consistent with those observed in lymphatic capillaries for other tissues.
Phase III GPS Integration Options for Aircraft Platforms (1984)

The GPS User Equipment is being designed for use on various platform types (aircraft, surface ships, submarines, land vehicles and manpack) with the integrated components of the user equipment (UE) being developed as separate modules. GPS UE can be integrated on board a platform to varying levels. The system enhancements available to the individual platform are dependent on the complement of GPS UE selected and the degree to which it is being integrated onto the platform. This paper describes the GPS UE capability options available to aircraft platforms. The capability options are described as generic options (i.e., not specific to any aircraft). For each option, three topics are addressed: the benefits, possible equipment configuration and implementation issues. These topics are addressed independent of particular aircraft.
Collocation Software for Boundary Value Differential-Algebraic Equations (1994)

The methods and implementation of a general-purpose code, COLDAE, are described. This code can solve boundary value problems for nonlinear systems of semi-explicit differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of index at most 2. Fully implicit index-1 boundary value DAE problems can be handled as well. The code COLDAE is an extension of the package COLNEW (COLSYS) for solving boundary value ODEs. The implemented method is piecewise polynomial collocation at Gaussian points, extended as needed by the projection method of Ascher–Petzold. For general semi-explicit index-2 problems, as well as for fully implicit index-1 problems, a selective projected collocation method is defined and its use is demonstrated. The mesh selection procedure of COLSYS is modified for the case of index-2 constraints. Also discussed is shooting for initial guesses. The power and generality of the code are demonstrated by examples. COLDAE can be obtained from the electronic library net lib.
Tissue eosinophilia in acute and chronic atopic dermatitis: a morphometric approach using quantitative image analysis of immunostaining (2001)

These data provide further evidence for the involvement of activated eosinophils in acute and chronic AD by a new quantitative in situ approach. Pronounced tissue eosinophilia, especially EGP deposition as the result of complete activation of eosinophils, is found in chronic AD and may be involved in the development or maintenance of chronicity.
A Bacterial One-Hybrid Selection System for Interrogating Zinc Finger- DNA Interactions (2006)

We have developed two bacterial one-hybrid systems for interrogating and selecting zinc finger-DNA interactions. Our systems utilize two plasmids: a zinc finger-plasmid containing the gene for the zinc finger fused to a fragment of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase and a reporter plasmid where the zinc finger-binding site is located upstream of a reporter gene-either the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Binding of the zinc finger domain to the target binding site results in a 10-fold increase in chloramphenicol resistance with the CAT reporter and an 8- to 22-fold increase in total cell fluorescence with the GFP reporter. The CAT reporter allows for sequence specific zinc fingers to be isolated in a single selection step whereas the GFP reporter enables quantitative evaluation of libraries using flow cytometry and theoretically allows for both negative and positive selection. Both systems have been used to select for zinc fingers that have affinity for the motif 5'-GGGGCAGAA-3' from a library of approximately 2 x 10(5) variants. The systems have been engineered to report on zinc finger-DNA binding with dissociation constants less than about 1 microM in order to be most applicable for evaluating binding specificity in an in vivo setting.
The Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action (1994)

Thyroid hormone exerts a broad range of effects on development, growth, and metabolism. The clinical manifestations of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency are dramatic examples of the myriad actions of the hormone. Thyroxine (T4), the primary secretory product of the thyroid, is relatively inactive and is converted to the active hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), by the enzyme thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (Figure 1)1. The actions of thyroid hormone are primarily the result of the interaction of T3 with nuclear receptors for T3 that bind to regulatory regions of genes (thyroid hormone-response elements) and modify their expression . . .