gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spermatogenic cells of the prepuberal mouse: isolation and morphological characterization (1977)

A procedure is described which permits the isolation from the prepuberal mouse testis of highly purified populations of primitive type A spermatogonia, type A spermatogonia, type B spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes, leptotene and zygotene primary spermatocytes, pachytene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The successful isolation of these prepuberal cell types was accomplished by: (a) defining distinctive morphological characteristics of the cells, (b) determining the temporal appearance of spermatogenic cells during prepuberal development, (c) isolating purified seminiferous cords, after dissociation of the testis with collagenase, (d) separating the trypsin-dispersed seminiferous cells by sedimentation velocity at unit gravity, and (e) assessing the identity and purity of the isolated cell types by microscopy. The seminiferous epithelium from day 6 animals contains only primitive type A spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Type A and type B spermatogonia are present by day 8. At day 10, meiotic prophase is initiated, with the germ cells reaching the early and late pachytene stages by 14 and 18, respectively. Secondary spermatocytes and haploid spermatids appear throughout this developmental period. The purity and optimum day for the recovery of specific cell types are as follows: day 6, Sertoli cells (purity>99 percent) and primitive type A spermatogonia (90 percent); day 8, type A spermatogonia (91 percent) and type B spermatogonia (76 percent); day 18, preleptotene spermatocytes (93 percent), leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes (52 percent), and pachytene spermatocytes (89 percent), leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes (52 percent), and pachytene spermatocytes (89 percent).
A synthetic oestrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, inhibits oestrogen-induced transcriptional, but not post-transcriptional, regulation of gene expression (1996)

Oestrogen (E2) regulates the expression of its target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To clarify the mechanism of E2-induced post-transcriptional regulation, with attention to the involvement of the oestrogen receptor (ER), we studied the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), a synthetic E2 antagonist that inhibits ER-mediated transcription, on E2-induced transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) gene in chick oviducts. Run-on analysis with oviduct nuclei isolated from E2-treated chicks showed that TAM treatment completely blocked E2-induced transcription of the OVA gene within 24 h without affecting ER gene expression. Likewise, the rate of transcription fell to below the limit of detection after E2 withdrawal from the chicks. Reflecting the transcription rate, OVA mRNA accumulated linearly in E2-treated chicks, and E2 withdrawal caused a rapid loss of OVA mRNA. However, in the chicks treated with TAM and E2, OVA mRNA was degraded slowly over 48 h with a half-life of 24 h, suggesting that TAM does not inhibit E2-induced mRNA stabilization. Moreover, E2-induced mRNA stabilization was observed even when transcription of the OVA gene was blocked by a transcription inhibitor. Western-blot analysis showed that the remaining OVA mRNA was translatable. Thus the present study indicates that E2 regulates expression of the OVA gene via distinct pathways at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
Evidence for an Internal Ribosome Entry Site Within the 5' Non-translated Region of Turnip Mosaic Potyvirus RNA (1994)

The genomic RNA of potyviruses has a characteristic 5' non-translated region (5'NTR) to which a viral protein, VPg, is covalently attached. This suggests that the viral RNA lacks a conventional cap structure and thus its translation may not proceed in the same way as most cellular mRNAs. To investigate the role of the 5'NTR during translation, various derivatives of the turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) leader were fused to the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS). These constructs were used to monitor the efficiency of translation in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in planta following microprojectile DNA delivery into tobacco cell suspensions. GUS transcripts fused with the TuMV 5'NTR, whether they were capped or not, were efficiently translated, whereas GUS transcripts without the viral leader needed to be capped for expression. When transcripts of the viral leader were supplied in excess over functional transcripts, translation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, transcripts synthesized from the reverse complement of the 5'NTR inhibited translation to the same extent as the wild-type sequence, indicating that cap independence was not conferred by a specific sequence within the viral leader. A stable hairpin loop was placed in front or after the viral sequence. This hairpin loop normally prevented translation of control GUS transcripts but when the viral leader was positioned after it a significant level of GUS activity was measured, whether the transcripts were capped or not. On the other hand, when the hairpin loop was positioned after the viral leader, no GUS activity was measured. These results suggested that ribosomes bound to an internal site within the TuMV 5'NTR and then presumably scanned the sequence for the initiator AUG.
The Role of SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 in Neuronal Regeneration after Cerebral Ischemia (2017)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a chemoattractant produced by bone marrow stromal cell lines. It is recognized as a critical factor in the immune and central nervous systems (CNSs) as well as exerting a role in cancer. SDF-1 activates two G protein-coupled receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7; these are expressed in both developing and mature CNSs and participate in multiple physiological and pathological events, e.g., inflammatory response, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, cancer metastasis, and HIV infection. After an ischemic stroke, SDF-1 levels robustly increase in the penumbra regions and participate in adult neural functional repair. Here we will review recent findings about SDF-1 and its receptor, analyse their functions in neurogeneration after brain ischemic injury: i.e., how the system promotes the proliferation, differentiation and migration of neural precursor cells and mediates axonal elongation and branching.
Flexible Mixed Initiative Dialogue Over The Telephone Network (1999)

Recently we have developed a mixed initiative based dialogue technology, for telephone applications, paying particular attention to its portability to different domains. It works with continuous speech and can manage different contexts. A prototype system has been built for a train timetable inquiry domain. Using this system more than 70 dialogues have been collected and annotated and corresponding performance has been evaluated. The dialogue technology will be presented and discussed in the details and some results will be reported. 1. INTRODUCTION Recently speech technology has greatly improved, and a number of dialogue applications showing robustness and flexibility [2, 1, 3, 7] have been proposed. In 1998 we started working on spoken dialogue architectures for information access, in restricted domains, through the telephone. Our goal was to build a prototype based on a mixed initiative strategy, and to use it to collect data for evaluating and improving the technology. The main f...
Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor α Predicts Decreased Long‐Term Survival in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis (1990)

Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) were measured in plasma samples obtained from 23 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis on admission and after 30 days of hospitalization. Over a 2-year follow-up period, 14 patients died at a mean time of 8 months following discharge. The presence of elevated plasma TNF alpha either at admission or discharge from the hospital was associated with death in 82% (14/17) of patients. By contrast absence of elevated plasma TNF alpha was associated with survival in 100% (6/6). The difference in survival with and without detectable plasma TNF alpha was significant at p = 0.0022. Plasma TNF alpha was not elevated in alcoholic patients without clinically apparent liver disease, with alcoholic cirrhosis, or in nonalcoholic healthy controls. Plasma IL-1 alpha was also significantly increased in alcoholic hepatitis whereas IL-1 beta was not. Neither IL-1 alpha nor beta was correlated with outcome in the alcoholic hepatitis group. It is concluded that the presence of elevated plasma TNF alpha is a significant predictor of decreased long-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
IllumiShare (2012)

Task and reference spaces are important communication channels for remote collaboration. However, all existing systems for sharing these spaces have an inherent weakness: they cannot share arbitrary physical and digital objects on arbitrary surfaces. We present IllumiShare, a new cost-effective, light-weight device that solves this issue. It both shares physical and digital objects on arbitrary surfaces and provides rich referential awareness. To evaluate IllumiShare, we studied pairs of children playing remotely. They used IllumiShare to share the task-reference space and Skype Video to share the person space. The study results show that IllumiShare shared the play space in a natural and seamless way. We also found that children preferred having both spaces compared to having only one. Moreover, we found that removing the task-reference space caused stronger negative disruptions to the play task and engagement level than removing the person space. Similarly, we found that adding the task-reference space resulted in stronger positive disruptions.
Low‐k Insulators as the Choice of Dielectrics in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2003)

Abstract In this paper, we present a new effect influencing the operation of organic field‐effect transistors resulting from the choice of gate insulator material. In a series of studies it was found that the interaction between the insulator and the semiconductor materials plays an important role in carrier transport. The insulator is not only capable of affecting the morphology of the semiconductor layer, but can also change the density of states by local polarization effects. Carrier localization is enhanced by insulators with large permittivities, due to the random dipole field present at the interface. We have investigated this effect on a number of disordered organic semiconductor materials, and show here that significant benefits are achievable by the use of low‐ k dielectrics as opposed to the existing trend of increasing the permittivity for low operational voltage. We also discuss fundamental differences in the case of field‐effect transistors with band‐like semiconductors.
AMG 706, an Oral, Multikinase Inhibitor that Selectively Targets Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, and Kit Receptors, Potently Inhibits Angiogenesis and Induces Regression in Tumor Xenografts (2006)

The growth of solid tumors is dependent on the continued stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration resulting in angiogenesis. The angiogenic process is controlled by a variety of factors of which the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and its receptors play a pivotal role. Small-molecule inhibitors of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in preclinical models and in clinical trials. A novel nicotinamide, AMG 706, was identified as a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the VEGFR1/Flt1, VEGFR2/kinase domain receptor/Flk-1, VEGFR3/Flt4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and Kit receptors in preclinical models. AMG 706 inhibited human endothelial cell proliferation induced by VEGF, but not by basic fibroblast growth factor in vitro, as well as vascular permeability induced by VEGF in mice. Oral administration of AMG 706 potently inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal model and induced regression of established A431 xenografts. AMG 706 was well tolerated and had no significant effects on body weight or on the general health of the animals. Histologic analysis of tumor xenografts from AMG 706-treated animals revealed an increase in endothelial apoptosis and a reduction in blood vessel area that preceded an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. In summary, AMG 706 is an orally bioavailable, well-tolerated multikinase inhibitor that is presently under clinical investigation for the treatment of human malignancies.
Long-Term Results of the R-CHOP Study in the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (2005)

Using the combination of R-CHOP leads to significant improvement of the outcome of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with significant survival benefit maintained during a 5-year follow-up. This combination should become the standard for treating these patients.
The Aerobic Pseudomonads a Taxonomic Study (1966)

SUMMARY A collection of 267 strains, representing many of the principal biotypes among aerobic pseudomonads, has been subjected to detailed study, with particular emphasis on biochemical, physiological and nutritional characters. A total of 146 different organic compounds were tested for their ability to serve as sources of carbon and energy. Other characters that were studied included : production of extracellular hydrolases; nitrogen sources and growth factor requirements H-chemolithotrophy; denitrifying ability; pigment production; ability to accumulate poly-p-hydroxybutyrate as a cellular reserve material; biochemical mechanisms of aromatic ring cleavage; and nature of the aerobic electron transport system. The resultant data have revealed many hitherto unrecognized characters of taxonomic significance. As a consequence, it has become possible to recognize among the biotypes examined a limited number of species which can be readily and clearly distinguished from one another by multiple, unrelated phenotypic differences.
Characterization of recombinant monoclonal IgA anti—PDC-E2 autoantibodies derived from patients with PBC (2002)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to mitochondria (AMA). Recent evidence suggests that PBC develops after a locally driven response in the mucosa, where immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant antibody isotype. In this study, we produced recombinant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2)—specific dimeric human IgA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a baculovirus expression system. By using 2 anti—PDC-E2 IgG mAbs derived from patients with PBC, we constructed 2 recombinant baculoviruses, each containing heavy chains with the Cα constant region. These were simultaneously co-infected into Sf9 insect cells with recombinant baculovirus containing the J chain. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) immunoblotting profile of the IgA using a 6% nonreducing gel verified the dimeric nature of the autoantibodies. Both recombinants retained their original specificity for PDC-E2. In addition, the antibody showed a mitochondrial staining pattern in HEp2 cells and apically stained the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in the liver of a patient with PBC but not a normal patient. Transcytosis experiments performed using human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expressing Madine-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells showed that one of the recombinants showed a high degree of colocalization with PDC-E2. In conclusion, these data provide further support of the hypothesis that PDC-E2-specific IgA may enter biliary epithelial cells of PBC patients via the pIgR and complex with PDC-E2, thereby potentially contributing to the pathology of BECs. Moreover, this recombinant PDC-E2-specific mAb provides a tool for further determination of the role of anti-PDC-E2 IgA in the pathogenesis of PBC. (Hepatology2002;36:1383-1392).
Occurrence and diversity of yeasts involved in fermentation of West African cocoa beans (2004)

Samples of cocoa beans were taken on two separate occasions during heap and tray fermentations in Ghana, West Africa. In total 496 yeast isolates were identified by conventional microbiological analyses and by amplification of their ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 regions. For important species the identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 5' end of the large subunit (26S) rDNA. Assimilations of organic acids and other carbon compounds were conducted. For dominant yeasts intraspecies variations were examined by determination of chromosome length polymorphism (CLP) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. For the heap fermentations maximum yeast cell counts of 9.1 x 10(7) were reached, whereas maximum yeast counts of 6.0 x 10(6) were reached for the tray fermentations. Candida krusei was found to be the dominant species during heap fermentation, followed by P. membranifaciens, P. kluyveri, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Trichosporon asahii, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae and P. membranifaciens were found to be the dominant species during tray fermentation followed by low numbers of C. krusei, P. kluyveri, H. guilliermondii and some yeast species of minor importance. For isolates within all dominant species CLP was evident, indicating that several different strains are involved in the fermentations. Isolates of C. krusei, P. membranifaciens, H. guilliermondii, T. asahii and Rhodotorula glutinis could be found on the surface of the cocoa pods and in some cases on the production equipment, whereas the origin of e.g. S. cerevisiae was not indicated by the results obtained. In conclusion, the results obtained show that fermentation of cocoa beans is a very inhomogeneous process with great variations in both yeast counts and species composition. The variations seem to depend especially on the processing procedure, but also the season and the post-harvest storage are likely to influence the yeast counts and the species composition.
Treatment of Autoimmune Disease by Adoptive Cellular Gene Therapy (2003)

Autoimmune disorders represent inappropriate immune responses directed at self-tissue. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators in the pathogenesis of auto-immune disease and thus are ideal candidates for adoptive cellular gene therapy, an ex vivo approach to therapeutic gene transfer. Using retrovirally transduced cells and luciferase bioluminescence, we have demonstrated that primary T cells, T cell hybridomas, and DCs rapidly and preferentially home to the sites of inflammation in animal models of multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and diabetes. These cells, transduced with retroviral vectors to drive expression of various "regulatory proteins" such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, and anti-TNF scFv, deliver these immunoregulatory proteins to the inflamed lesions, providing therapy for experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and nonobese diabetic mice (NOD).
Insulin Mediators Are the Signal Transduction System Responsible for Insulin’s Actions on Human Placental Steroidogenesis* (1991)

To test the hypothesis that insulin mediators serve as the signal transduction system for insulin's steroidogenic actions in human placental cytotrophoblasts, we examined the effects of two inositolglycan insulin mediators, the insulin pH 2.0 chiro-inositol mediator (IM-pH 2.0) and the insulin pH 1.3 myo-inositol mediator (IM-pH 1.3), on cytotrophoblastic steroidogenesis. When human cytotrophoblasts were incubated in medium supplemented with androstenedione for 24 h, treatment with IM-pH 2.0 or IM-pH 1.3 suppressed aromatase activity by 15% (P less than 0.05) and 49% (P less than 0.05), respectively, compared to insulin, which suppressed aromatase activity by 21% (P less than 0.05). When cytotrophoblasts were incubated in medium supplemented with pregnenolone for 24 h, treatment with IM-pH 2.0 or IM-pH 1.3 stimulated 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) activity by 145% (P less than 0.05) and 168% (P less than 0.05), respectively, compared to insulin, which stimulated 3 beta HSD activity by 63% (P less than 0.05). Suppression of aromatase activity and stimulation of 3 beta HSD activity by inositolglycan mediators were both concentration dependent. Moreover, preincubation of cytotrophoblasts with the antiinositolglycan antibody alpha IGP completely abolished insulin's ability to either inhibit aromatase or stimulate 3 beta HSD activity. These results indicate that insulin mediators mimic insulin's effects on cytotrophoblastic aromatase and 3 beta HSD activities and suggest that inositolglycan mediators are the signal transduction mechanism responsible for insulin's regulation of human placental steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Fasciotomy in the treatment of the acute compartment syndrome (1976)

Sixty-six cases of acute compartment syndrome were treated by fasciotomy in forty-six extremities of forty-four patients. Fasciotomy performed early, that is, less than twelve hours after the onset of the compartment syndrome, resulted in normal function in 68 per cent of the extremities. Only 8 per cent of those having late fasciotomy had normal function. The complication rates for the early and late fasciotomized extremities were 4.5 per cent and 54 per cent, respectively. No significant differences in residual function or complication rate were noted with "open" or "closed" fasciotomy.