gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four Related Proteins of the Trypanosoma brucei RNA Editing Complex (2001)

RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria occurs by a series of enzymatic steps that is catalyzed by a macromolecular complex. Four novel proteins and their corresponding genes were identified by mass spectrometric analysis of purified editing complexes from Trypanosoma brucei. These four proteins, TbMP81, TbMP63, TbMP42, and TbMP18, contain conserved sequences to various degrees. All four proteins have sequence similarity in the C terminus; TbMP18 has considerable sequence similarity to the C-terminal region of TbMP42, and TbMP81, TbMP63, and TbMP42 contain zinc finger motif(s). Monoclonal antibodies that are specific for TbMP63 and TbMP42 immunoprecipitate in vitro RNA editing activities. The proteins are present in the immunoprecipitates and sediment at 20S along with the in vitro editing, and RNA editing ligases TbMP52 and TbMP48. Recombinant TbMP63 and TbMP52 coimmunoprecipitate. These results indicate that these four proteins are components of the RNA editing complex and that TbMP63 and TbMP52 can interact.
POSTTRANSPLANT DIABETES MELLITUS IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: RISK FACTORS, TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS ALLOGRAFT HEPATITIS, AND IMPACT ON MORTALITY1 (2001)

We found a high prevalence of PTDM in HCV (+) recipients. PTDM after OLT was associated with significantly increased mortality. HCV infection and methylprednisolone boluses were found to be independent risk factors for the development of PTDM. In approximately half of the HCV (+) patients with PTDM, the onset of PTDM was related to the recurrence of allograft hepatitis. Improvement in glycemic control was achieved in the patients who responded to antiviral therapy.
Identification of Surface Films Formed on Lithium in Dimethoxyethane and Tetrahydrofuran Solutions (1988)

Surface films formed on lithium metal in dimethoxyethane (DME) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of ,, and were analyzed using FTIR, SIMS, and XPS spectroscopies. The films formed in both solvents were found to contain lithium alkoxides. The main reaction products detected with FTIR were in DME, and in THF. SIMS measurements are consistent with this finding. Reaction mechanisms are discussed. When the water concentration in these systems is 0.01M or greater, is formed on the lithium surface and appears to be a major component in the surface films. XPS measurements gave evidence for simultaneous salt reduction on the lithium surface in addition to the solvent reactions.
Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell (BMDSC) Transplantation Improves Fertility in a Murine Model of Asherman's Syndrome (2014)

Asherman's Syndrome is characterized by intrauterine adhesions or fibrosis resulting as a consequence of damage to the basal layer of endometrium and is associated with infertility due to loss of normal endometrium. We have previously shown that bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSCs) engraft the endometrium in mice and humans and Ischemia/reperfusion injury of uterus promoted BMDSCs migration to the endometrium; however, the role of BMDSCs in Asherman's syndrome has not been characterized. Here a murine model of Asherman's syndrome was created by traumatizing the uterus. We evaluate stem cell recruitment and pregnancy after BMDSCs transplantation in a model of Asherman's syndrome. In the Asheman's syndrome model, after BMDSC transplant, the Y chromosome bearing CD45-cells represented less than 0.1% of total endometrial cells. Twice the number of Y+CD45- cells was identified in the damaged uterus compared to the uninjured controls. There was no significant difference between the damaged and undamaged uterine horns in mice that received injury to a single horn. In the BMDSC transplant group, 9 of the 10 mice conceived, while only 3 of 10 in the non-transplanted group conceived (Chi-Square p = 0.0225); all mice in an uninjured control group conceived. The time to conception and mean litter size were not different between groups. Taken together, BMDSCs are recruited to endometrium in response to injury. Fertility improves after BMDSC transplant in Asherman's Syndrome mice, demonstrating a functional role for these cells in uterine repair. BMDSC transplantation is a potential novel treatment for Asherman's Syndrome and may also be useful to prevent Asherman's syndrome after uterine injury.
CREB and AP‐1 activation regulates MKP‐1 induction by LPS or M‐CSF and their kinetics correlate with macrophage activation versus proliferation (2009)

MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. This phosphatase inactivates ERK1/2, which are involved in two opposite functional activities of the macrophage, namely proliferation and activation. Here we found that although macrophage proliferation and activation induce MKP-1 with different kinetics, gene expression is mediated by the proximal promoter sequences localized between -380 and -180 bp. Mutagenesis experiments of the proximal element determined that CRE/AP-1 is required for LPS- or M-CSF-induced activation of the MKP-1 gene. Moreover, the results from gel shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that c-Jun and CREB bind to the CRE/AP-1 box. The distinct kinetics shown by M-CSF and LPS correlates with the induction of JNK and c-jun, as well as the requirement for Raf-1. The signal transduction pathways that activate the induction of MKP-1 correlate kinetically with induction by M-CSF and LPS.
The complex pattern of SMAD signaling in the cardiovascular system☆ (2005)

The SMAD (small mother against decapentaplegic) family comprises transcription factors that function as signal transducers of TGFbeta (transforming growth factor) superfamily members. The number of studies showing expression, activation or involvement of both SMAD and TGFbeta family members in cardiovascular diseases is constantly rising. In this context, the position of SMADs in the diseased heart is particularly interesting because, besides their well-known fibrotic effects, increasing evidence demonstrates direct action of SMADs on cardiomyocytes as well as on the vascular system. In these systems, SMAD proteins are described to have effects on heart development, cell proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis. As will be discussed in this review, these different consequences of SMAD activation are dependent on different SMAD isoforms, interaction of SMAD with other transcription factors in the particular situation, and modulation of SMAD activity by various kinases. As a result of all these influences, it turns out that activation of SMAD by members of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family, which is a subfamily of the TGFbeta superfamily, is necessary for correct heart development. On the other hand, activation of SMADs by TGFbeta family members results in fibrotic, apoptotic, and anti-hypertrophic processes that are related to a detrimental cardiac remodeling and progression to heart failure.
Evaluation of perilymphatic fistulas by middle ear endoscopy. (1992)

Transtympanic endoscopy provides a unique opportunity to view the undisturbed contents of the middle ear. Fiberoptic and rigid endoscopes have been used for thorough examination of the middle ear without the need for local anesthetics or surgical trauma. Endoscopy is now routinely used in the evaluation of a perilymphatic fistula and the patient is awake during an intermittent forceful Valsalva maneuver. Oval and round windows in both ears of five cats were studied endoscopically to evaluate surgically created fistulas. Excellent visualization of the defect was obtained in all instances. Endoscopy is a useful office technique for the evaluation of perilymphatic fistula. It reduces the need for surgical exploration and provides a satisfactory examination of the middle ear. Obliteration of the window niche can even be performed through the myringotomy using autologous blood.
Cooperative function of Chk1 and p38 pathways in activating G2 arrest following exposure to temozolomide (2004)

The Chk1 and p38 pathways cooperate to bring about TMZ-induced G2 arrest, and the inhibition of either pathway alone is sufficient to sensitize U87MG glioma cells to TMZ-induced cytotoxicity.
Complete protein sequences of the variable regions of the cloned heavy and light chains of a human anti-cytomegalovirus antibody reveal a striking similarity to human monoclonal rheumatoid factors of the Wa idiotypic family. (1988)

The complete amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the variable regions of the heavy and light polypeptide chains of a human neutralizing IgGl anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody reveal a striking homology to IgM rheumatoid factors (RFs) of the Wa idiotypic family. The anti-CMV antibody and Wa RFs have in common VKIIIb, JKl, and VHIa gene segments but use different DH and JH gene segments. The anti-CMV antibody does not have RF activity and does not express the Wa idiotype. The Wa RFs do not have anti-CMV activity. A subset of Wa RFs, however, and the anti-CMV antibody do share several idiotypes on the VHIa and VKIIIb polypeptides. Since there are major differences in the antigen binding characteristics and some of the other expressed idiotypes, these data suggest that the D and J region amino acids are crucial to such specificities. Although the use of such highly homologous gene segments in different immune responses is well-documented in murine systems, these data represent the first such example in the human.
Identification of an HLA-A11-restricted epitope from the tandem repeat domain of the epithelial tumor antigen mucin (1995)

Epithelial cell mucin encoded by the MUC-1 gene is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated on pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancers as well as on multiple myelomas. It is recognized by patients' Ab and by T cells derived from tumor-draining lymph nodes. The T cell recognition is not MHC restricted and is specific for an epitope previously localized to the immunodominant tandem repeat region of the native mucin molecule. In search of possible MHC-restricted epitopes in the same immunodominant region, we synthesized a panel of overlapping, nine-amino acid long peptides spanning the MUC-1 tandem repeat and first examined their binding to specific human MHC class I molecules using two independent flow cytometry-based assay systems. This approach identified one peptide, p9-17 (STAPPAHGV), that bound to HLA-A1, -A2.1, -A3, and -A11. Measurements of the affinity of binding to each of these alleles, using a quantitative molecular binding assay, indicated that only the relative binding affinity to HLA-A11 was close to immunogenic values. We tested the immunogenicity of p9-17 in vitro. We detected a secondary T cell response specific for p9-17 in lymph nodes from an HLA-A11 breast cancer patient. Moreover, CTL specific for p9-17 peptide could be generated from PBL in several healthy HLA-A11 donors by primary in vitro stimulation.
Conversational Recommender System (2018)

A personalized conversational sales agent could have much commercial potential. E-commerce companies such as Amazon, eBay, JD, Alibaba etc. are piloting such kind of agents with their users. However, the research on this topic is very limited and existing solutions are either based on single round adhoc search engine or traditional multi round dialog system. They usually only utilize user inputs in the current session, ignoring users' long term preferences. On the other hand, it is well known that sales conversion rate can be greatly improved based on recommender systems, which learn user preferences based on past purchasing behavior and optimize business oriented metrics such as conversion rate or expected revenue. In this work, we propose to integrate research in dialog systems and recommender systems into a novel and unified deep reinforcement learning framework to build a personalized conversational recommendation agent that optimizes a per session based utility function.
Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterials. 6. Synthesis of sisomicin, antibiotic G-52, and novel 6'-substituted analogs of sisomicin from aminoglycoside 66-40C (1978)

The discovery of aminoglycoside 66-40C, a novel dimeric, unsaturated imine produced by Micromonospora inyoensis, afforded a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of sisomicin analogues modified at the 6' position. The conversion of 66-40C into sisomicin, antibiotic G-52, and a series of novel 6'-substituted analogues of sisomicin is described, and the biological activity of the products is discussed.
G PROTEIN–COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASES (1998)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) constitute a family of six mammalian serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate agonist-bound, or activated, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as their primary substrates. GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation rapidly initiates profound impairment of receptor signaling, or desensitization. This review focuses on the regulation of GRK activity by a variety of allosteric and other factors: agonist-stimulated GPCRs, beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, phospholipid cofactors, the calcium-binding proteins calmodulin and recoverin, posttranslational isoprenylation and palmitoylation, autophosphorylation, and protein kinase C-mediated GRK phosphorylation. Studies employing recombinant, purified proteins, cell culture, and transgenic animal models attest to the general importance of GRKs in regulating a vast array of GPCRs both in vitro and in vivo.
Infertility in Mice Induced by a Recombinant Ectromelia Virus Expressing Mouse Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 31 (1998)

Population control has become a major problem in many wildlife species. Fertility control through immunocontraception has been proposed as a method for reducing population size. We have tested the concept that immunocontraception can be achieved with a recombinant ectromelia virus expressing an ovary-specific antigen, the mouse zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) glycoprotein. Female mice infected with the recombinant virus produced autoimmune antibodies against ZP3 and were infertile for 5-9 mo after infection. For almost half the infertile mice, immunity to ZP3 was associated with a disruption of ovarian follicular development and the depletion of mature follicles without observable oophoritis. Mice returned to fertility as the anti-ZP3 antibody level in the serum decreased. Reinfection of the mice with the recombinant virus boosted the anti-ZP3 response and restored infertility.
Human Rhinoviruses (2013)

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and missed days of work. Advances in molecular methods have enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of HRV and have led to the characterization of three genetically distinct HRV groups, designated groups A, B, and C, within the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae. HRVs are traditionally associated with upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, and sinusitis. In recent years, the increasing implementation of PCR assays for respiratory virus detection in clinical laboratories has facilitated the recognition of HRV as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in patients with asthma, infants, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. Cultured isolates of HRV remain important for studies of viral characteristics and disease pathogenesis. Indeed, whether the clinical manifestations of HRV are related directly to viral pathogenicity or secondary to the host immune response is the subject of ongoing research. There are currently no approved antiviral therapies for HRVs, and treatment remains primarily supportive. This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the basic virology, pathogenesis, clinical epidemiology, and laboratory features of and treatment and prevention strategies for HRVs.
Bystander activation of CD4+ T cells can represent an exclusive means of immunopathology in a virus infection (1999)

Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is an immunopathological lesion involving herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and CD4(+) T cells of the Th1 phenotype, but the nature of the target antigens which drive HSK remains uncertain. In the present report we show that ovalbumin TCR-transgenic mice backcrossed to SCID mice unable to recognize HSV show clinical signs of HSK but die of viral encephalitis before the lesions become severe. However, passive transfer of anti-HSV serum at 24 h clears virus and affords protection from both HSK lesions and death. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells at 72 h usually conferred protection but animals developed severe corneal pathology by 3 weeks post infection. At this time viral antigens were not demonstrable in the cornea and the T cells in the inflammatory lesions were CD4(+)KJ1-26.1 idiotype positive, i. e. OVA peptide specific. These results indicate bystander activation of CD4(+) T cells in a virus-induced inflammatory milieu. This mechanism of immunoinflammation may represent an important component of any lesion which involves CD4(+) T cells.
Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with the codA gene for choline oxidase; accumulation of glycinebetaine and enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stress (1997)

Glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of contain halotolerant plants when these plants are exposed to salt or cold stress. The codA gene for choline oxidase, the enzyme that converts choline into glycinebetaine, has previously been cloned from a soil bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis. Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with the cloned codA gene under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus enabled the plant to accumulate glycinebetaine and enhanced its tolerance to salt and cold stress. At 300 mM NaCl, considerable proportions of seeds of transformed plants germinated well, whereas seeds of wild-type plants failed to germinate. At 100 mM NaCl, transformed plants grew well whereas wild-type plants did not do so. The transformed plants tolerated 200 mM NaCl, which was lethal to wild-type plants. After plants had been incubated with 400 mM NaCl for two days, the photosystem II activity of wild-type plants had almost completely disappeared, whereas that of transformed plants remained at more than 50% of the original level. When exposed to a low temperature in the light, leaves of wild-type plants exhibited symptoms of chlorosis, whereas those of transformed plants did not. These observations demonstrate that the genetic modification of Arabidopsis thaliana that allowed it to accumulate glycinebetaine enhanced its ability to tolerate salt and cold stress.
Advanced lipid peroxidation end products in oxidative damage to proteins. Potential role in diseases and therapeutic prospects for the inhibitors (2007)

Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) formed during lipid peroxidation and sugar glycoxidation, namely Advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) and Advanced Glycation end products (AGEs), accumulate with ageing and oxidative stress-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. RCCs induce the 'carbonyl stress' characterized by the formation of adducts and cross-links on proteins, which progressively leads to impaired protein function and damages in all tissues, and pathological consequences including cell dysfunction, inflammatory response and apoptosis. The prevention of carbonyl stress involves the use of free radical scavengers and antioxidants that prevent the generation of lipid peroxidation products, but are inefficient on pre-formed RCCs. Conversely, carbonyl scavengers prevent carbonyl stress by inhibiting the formation of protein cross-links. While a large variety of AGE inhibitors has been developed, only few carbonyl scavengers have been tested on ALE-mediated effects. This review summarizes the signalling properties of ALEs and ALE-precursors, their role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-associated diseases, and the different agents efficient in neutralizing ALEs effects in vitro and in vivo. The generation of drugs sharing both antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties represents a new therapeutic challenge in the treatment of carbonyl stress-associated diseases.
Cognitive Changes Associated With Supplementation of Testosterone or Dihydrotestosterone in Mildly Hypogonadal Men: A Preliminary Report (2003)

This study prospectively examined changes in cognition in hypogonadal men given testosterone (T) or older hypogonadal men given dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel. A battery of cognitive tests assessing verbal and spatial memory, language, and attention was administered at baseline (prior to medication) and again at days 90 and 180 of treatment for men receiving T gel and at baseline and days 30 and 90 of treatment for men receiving DHT gel. For men receiving T gel, circulating total T and estradiol (E(2)) were significantly raised compared with baseline, and a significant improvement in verbal memory was observed. For men receiving DHT gel, serum DHT levels increased and T levels decreased significantly compared with baseline, and a significant improvement in spatial memory was observed. The results suggest that beneficial changes in cognition can occur in hypogonadal men using T replacement levels and DHT treatment, and these changes in cognition can be reliably measured during a relative steady-state dose level. Further, our results suggest that aromatization of T to E(2) may regulate verbal memory in men, whereas nonaromatizable androgens may regulate spatial memory.
Single and Dual Burn Maneuvers for Low Earth Orbit Maintenance. (1994)

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