gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3848: Preclinical profile of AZD3514: A small molecule-targeting androgen receptor function with a novel mechanism of action and the potential to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR), an important molecular target in the aetiology and progression of prostate cancer, has been found recently to drive key signalling responses in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after classical androgen ablation therapies have failed. Here we describe the biological characterisation of AZD3514 an oral drug that targets AR function, with a novel mechanism of action that can result in down-regulation of AR protein. AZD3514 binds to the AR ligand binding domain and has selectivity for binding to AR over other nuclear hormone receptors. In vitro AZD3514 inhibits cell growth in prostate cancer cells expressing wild-type (VCaP) and mutated (T877A) AR (LNCaP), but is inactive in AR-negative prostate cancer cells, indicating a dependency on AR for efficacy. In vivo, we assessed activity initially in the Hershberger castrated rat assay in which oral dosing of AZD3514 (100mg/kg once-daily for 7 days) significantly inhibited testosterone-induced growth of sexual accessory organs. Studies to investigate the mode of action of AZD3514 revealed a number of cellular events associated with loss of AR function. Consistent with an inhibition of AR signalling, AZD3514 caused a rapid reduction in PSA synthesis in vitro; with a significant decrease in PSA mRNA being evident in LNCaP cells within 2 - 3 h of compound treatment. Additional experiments in LNCaP cells and U2OS AR-transfected cells, demonstrated that AZD3514 inhibits an androgen-induced translocation of AR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus within a comparable time-frame. In addition to the effects on AR localisation and AR-dependent transcription, AZD3514 treatment also reduced AR protein in LNCaP cells maintained in steroid-depleted conditions; an effect which was evident within 6 - 8h, and maximal at 18 - 24h. The ability to down-regulate AR under such conditions differentiates AZD3514 from the AR antagonists bicalutamide and MDV3100, which do not reduce AR protein levels. Administration of AZD3514 (100 mg/kg/day orally) for 3 days to Copenhagen rats bearing R3327H Dunning prostate tumours, indicates that AZD3514 treatment also reduces tumour AR in vivo. AZD3514 has also been shown to reduce AR protein expression, PSA synthesis and cell growth in vitro in a subclone of cells serially maintained in the presence of bicalutamide (LNCaP-CR) and an androgen-independent subclone of cells that was serially maintained in steroid-depleted medium (LNCaP-AI), suggesting that this novel mechanism of AR inhibition can deliver activity in CRPC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3848. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3848
High-Mass-Measurement Accuracy and 100 Sequence Coverage of Enzymatically Digested Bovine Serum Albumin from an ESI-FTICR Mass Spectrum (1999)

The application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry to the analysis of polypeptide mixtures resulting from proteolytic digestion is described. A new 11.5-T FTICR mass spectrometer has been applied for the analysis of tryptic digestion mixtures of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The improved cyclotron frequency stability and reduced frequency shifts observed over a wide range of trapped ion population sizes provide the ability to signal average spectra without degrading mass measurement accuracy, requiring internal calibration or advanced data processing schemes to compensate for variations in ion cyclotron signals brought about by different population sizes. A total of 100 spectra were signal-averaged leading to the observation of a total of 123 isotope distributions with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3:1. From those distributions, 86 can be ascribed to tryptic fragments of BSA on the basis of mass measurement errors of 10 ppm or less. Of these, 71 were within 2 ppm error limits corresponding to complete amino acid sequence coverage and an average error of 0.77 ppm. These results indicate that high-accuracy measurements are feasible for a large number of species detected simultaneously without the necessity for internal calibration and indicate the potential of such measurements, when combined with chromatographic separations, for facilitating more rapid identification of large numbers of proteins.
Monoclonal antibodies directed to different epitopes in the CD3-TCR complex induce different states of competence in resting human T cells (1992)

After the initial stages of activation, T cells are not able to proliferate on their own but become competent to proliferate in response to exogenously added lymphokines. In the present study we compared the capacity of mAb directed to CD3 (OKT3, Leu4, UCHT1) or to common epitopes on the alpha/beta T-cell receptor (BMA 031, BMA 032) to induce competence in purified resting T cells. Stimulation with either soluble anti-CD3 or anti-alpha/beta TCR mAb rendered cells competent to progress to DNA synthesis in response to exogenous IL-2. In contrast, only soluble BMA 031 and BMA 032 were able to induce responsiveness to IL-4; anti-CD3 mAb had either to be immobilized or used in combination with anti-CD28 mAb to induce responsiveness to IL-4. Further, BMA 031-induced IL-4 responsiveness was selectively found in the CD45RA+ T cell subset. Analysis of early activation events revealed that the capacity of soluble BMA 031 and BMA 032 to induce responsiveness to IL-4 did not correlate with the ability of these mAb to increase the level of cytosolic Ca2+ or to induce detectable tyrosine phosphorylation. On the other hand, soluble Leu4 (anti-CD3) triggered an increase in both intracellular Ca2+ and tyrosine phosphorylation but was unable to induce IL-4 responsiveness. These data indicate that the induction of IL-2 and IL-4 responsiveness requires different sets of activation signals which can be induced by stimulating different epitopes in the CD3-TCR complex. This supports the concept that distinct activation pathways are coupled to the CD3-TCR complex.
Reconstitution of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity in the cell-free system by four components: p67-phox, p47-phox, p21rac1, and cytochrome b-245. (1992)

Activation of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes in the cell-free system requires the association of several cytosolic components with membrane-bound cytochrome b. In this study we were able to fully reconstitute NADPH oxidase activity in the cell-free system with three recombinant proteins: p67-phox, p47-phox, p21rac1, and pure cytochrome b-245. Activity was dependent upon the concentration of the proteins, with maximal activity observed with roughly equimolar ratios of the cytochrome b and p67-phox (133 and 163 mol/s/mol, respectively) and concentrations of the other two proteins approximately 1 order of magnitude greater. No activity was observed in the absence of any one of these components. In addition, activation was dependent upon p21rac1 being preloaded with GTP, the cytochrome b being reconstituted with lipid, and the presence of FAD during activation. Half-maximal activity was observed at a concentration of NADPH of approximately 50 microM. These findings confirm our recent description of the membrane-bound cytochrome b as a FAD-containing flavocytochrome b containing the NADPH binding site, and implicate the three cytosolic proteins in its activation.
Higher Level of Replication Efficiency of 2009 (H1N1) Pandemic Influenza Virus than Those of Seasonal and Avian Strains: Kinetics from Epithelial Cell Culture and Computational Modeling (2010)

The pathogenicity and transmission of influenza A viruses are likely determined in part by replication efficiency in human cells, which is the net effect of complex virus-host interactions. H5N1 avian, H1N1 seasonal, and H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains were compared by infecting human differentiated bronchial epithelial cells in air-liquid interface cultures at relatively low virus particle/cell ratios. Differential equation and computational models were used to characterize the in vitro kinetic behaviors of the three strains. The models were calibrated by fitting experimental data in order to estimate difficult-to-measure parameters. Both models found marked differences in the relative values of p, the virion production rate per cell, and R(0), an index of the spread of infection through the monolayer, with the values for the strains in the following rank order (from greatest to least): pandemic strain, followed by seasonal strain, followed by avian strain, as expected. In the differential equation model, which treats virus and cell populations as well mixed, R(0) and p varied proportionately for all 3 strains, consistent with a primary role for productivity. In the spatially explicit computational model, R(0) and p also varied proportionately except that R(0) derived for the pandemic strain was reduced, consistent with constrained viral spread imposed by multiple host defenses, including mucus and paracrine antiviral effects. This synergistic experimental-computational strategy provides relevant parameters for identifying and phenotyping potential pandemic strains.
Glyphosate-Tolerant Cotton:  Genetic Characterization and Protein Expression (1996)

Genetically modified cotton lines have been developed that are tolerant to glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup. The new lines were generated by Agrobacterium tumfaciens-mediated transfer of a gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase isolated from Agrobacterium sp. CP4 (CP4 EPSPS). Lines were screened via greenhouse spray tests and field evaluations to identify agronomically acceptable lines with a commercial level of tolerance to glyphosate. Two lines were characterized. Lines 1445 and 1698 were transformed with different vectors that encode for the CP4 EPSPS and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) marker protein. Both lines contain a single DNA insertion that segregates in a typical Mendelian fashion. Line 1445 contains a single copy of the CP4 EPSPS gene, whereas the line 1698 contains two copies of the CP4 EPSPS gene at a single insertion site. The stability of each DNA insertion was demonstrated by Southern analysis across the R3 and R5 generations. The expression levels of the CP4 EPSPS and NPTII were quantitated by ELISA in leaf and seed samples collected in 1993 and 1994 field trials. The use of glyphosate-tolerant cotton will enable the grower to take advantage of additional weed management alternatives. Keywords: Cotton; genetically modified; herbicide tolerant; Roundup
FairFace: Face Attribute Dataset for Balanced Race, Gender, and Age (2019)

Existing public face datasets are strongly biased toward Caucasian faces, and other races (e.g., Latino) are significantly underrepresented. This can lead to inconsistent model accuracy, limit the applicability of face analytic systems to non-White race groups, and adversely affect research findings based on such skewed data. To mitigate the race bias in these datasets, we construct a novel face image dataset, containing 108,501 images, with an emphasis of balanced race composition in the dataset. We define 7 race groups: White, Black, Indian, East Asian, Southeast Asian, Middle East, and Latino. Images were collected from the YFCC-100M Flickr dataset and labeled with race, gender, and age groups. Evaluations were performed on existing face attribute datasets as well as novel image datasets to measure generalization performance. We find that the model trained from our dataset is substantially more accurate on novel datasets and the accuracy is consistent between race and gender groups.
Fabrication and Characteristics of HARP Image Pickup Tube Using a-Se Photoconductive Film (1998)

A HARP (high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor) image pickup tube using thick a-Se photoconductive film was fabricated and its characteristics were investigated. When the target voltage was increased more than 360 V, the signal current increases rapidly but the dark current of the tube was suppressed less than 3.2 nA up to the voltage of 490 V And the quantum efficiency of the target was about 4.3 at the electric field of and the wavelength of 440 nm. Also the amplitude response of the HARP tube was 7.5% at 800 TV lines, and the decay lag was 3.4%
Evaluation of API An-IDENT and RapID ANA II systems for identification of Actinomyces species from clinical specimens (1995)

We compared the accuracy of the An-IDENT system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) and the RapID ANA II system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) with that of conventional biochemical tests for the identification of 85 strains of Actinomyces species. In our hands, the overall accuracy of the An-IDENT was 59% and that of the RapID ANA II was 24%. The error rate for the An-IDENT was 18% and that for the RapID ANA II was 38%. The results of this study suggest that although the An-IDENT was more accurate than the RapID ANA II (P < 0.005), neither system, in our hands, was able to identify Actinomyces species with an acceptable degree of accuracy. It is recommended that suspected Actinomyces isolates be identified by conventional testing.
The Lasagna pain scale (LPS) (2005)

In 1960 Lasagna recommended a vertical scale to measure pain intensity (PI), different from most (horizontal) instruments.1 We (BPS) had discussed the sensibility of a vertical PI scale with Dr. Lasagna and noted the sensitivity of his “pain thermometer” when used by children to demonstrate analgesic activity,2,3 but we had applied this type of rating scale to adults only once.4 Methods We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on adults with severe sore throat that included a 0-to-10 vertical PI scale (the LPS) with conventional horizontal visual analog PI and categorical relief rating scales. Results 131 patients used the LPS and conventional scales to distinguish valdecoxib 20 mg BID from placebo within 1 hr, over 12 hrs, and over 24 hrs (all P<0.05). The analgesic effects recorded on the LPS were validated by the standard PI and relief rating scales (Pearson correlation coefficients: 0.98 and 0.96, P<0.001). Patients found the LPS easy to use, perhaps because, as on a thermometer, higher values are associated with a worse condition, lower values with an improving condition (which was Lasagna's hunch). Conclusions Based on these and previous results, we conclude that the LPS is a sensitive rating scale of familiar dimension, a useful addition to our armamentarium as clinical investigators studying pain in adults and children. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P93–P93; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.249
Ultrastructural variation of cultured Ehrlichia chaffeensis (1995)

The ultrastructure of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Arkansas strain) was studied in non-irradiated and irradiated monolayers of mouse embryo, Vero, BGM and L929 cells, and in non-irradiated DH82 cells. Within the intracellular parasitophorous vacuoles (morulae), two types of ehrlichial cells were found regularly--those with uniformly dispersed nucleoid filaments and ribosomes (dense-cored cells), which represent the normal life cycle of ehrlichiae. In addition, large reticulate cells were observed, forming long projections of the cell wall, protrusions of cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space, or budding of protoplast fragments (minute forms) into the periplasmic space. Ehrlichiae with abnormalities of protoplast fission were found, apparently leading to formation of giant, multilobular or elongated rod-like ehrlichiae. Morulae were usually surrounded by cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and often contained vesicles, long tubules 25nm in diameter, probably originating from the ehrlichial cell wall, and fibrillar ehrlichial antigen apparently shed from the surface of the cell wall. Some cells contained, in addition to normal morulae, a whole morula that had become dense and contained degenerating ehrlichiae. These results indicate that as well as normal growth and reproduction, ehrlichiae exhibit pathological events: they can be remarkably damaged inside the host cell vacuoles, presumably phagolysosomes, or enter a process morphologically similar to bacterial L-transformation.
Human chromosomes : principles and techniques (1995)

Tissue culture chromosome preparations diffential staining techniques selective staining techniques molecular cytogenetic techniques chromosome shorting nomenclature chromosome in clinical medicine.
FD-MC-CDMA: a frequency-based multiple access architecture for high performance wireless communication (2002)

MC-CDMA demonstrates good probability-of-error performances in frequency selective fading channels, a direct result of its ability to exploit the available frequency diversity benefits. However, MC-CDMA performances are limited by degradation due to large multiple-access interference (MAI). FD-MC-CDMA, a novel multiple access architecture proposed in this paper, exploits the available frequency diversity benefits while minimizing MAI. Instead of transmitting all users' information bits over all carriers, FD-MC-CDMA employs a subset of carriers to support a subset of users (maintaining the same overall system capacity and throughput as in MC-CDMA). By careful selection of each subset of carriers, the available frequency diversity benefits are fully exploited, while the MAI experienced by each user is minimized. Simulation results show FDMC-CDMA outperforming MC-CDMA and FDMA in a frequency selective fading channel.
NGOにたいするイエスとノー : 生きられた世界の政治 : グローバル化の中の/に対する主体の政治 (2002)

Dioxins, a group of persistent organic pollutants, have been proved to correlate with ranges of diseases by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, previous dioxin toxicity studies primarily focused on the activation of AhR with signaling pathways at gene and protein levels. The investigation of underlying mechanisms at the metabolic level is still necessary. In this study, serum samples of 48 and 47 healthy participants with the highest and lowest dioxin levels based on quartile distribution of the serum dioxin concentrations of 215 male adults were selected for metabolomics analysis by using liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate dioxin-related metabolic responses. The identified potential biomarkers included acylcarnitines, fatty acids and derivatives, glycerophospholipids, etc. suggested that metabolic pathways such as fatty acid β-oxidation, essential fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism and purine metabolism were disturbed by dioxin exposure. The results indicated that people with high dioxin exposure levels were at the potential health risks of inflammation, liver and cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic findings may help understand the link between dioxin exposure and the diseases.
Proposed Square Spiral Microfabrication Architecture for Large Three-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap Crystals (2001)

We present a blueprint for a three-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) material that is amenable to large-scale microfabrication on the optical scale using glancing angle deposition methods. The proposed chiral crystal consists of square spiral posts on a tetragonal lattice. In the case of silicon posts in air (direct structure), the full PBG can be as large as 15% of the gap center frequency, whereas for air posts in a silicon background (inverted structure) the maximum PBG is 24% of the center frequency. This PBG occurs between the fourth and fifth bands of the photon dispersion relation and is very robust to variations (disorder) in the geometrical parameters of the crystal.
A packet radio protocol for group communication suitable for the GSM mobile radio network (2005)

GSM is in use in many European countries mainly to provide point-to-point telephone conversation and mobile data services. GSM only offers circuit switched services on the air interface (GSM phase 2). Future digital mobile radio systems based on TDMA (TETRA, UMTS, ...) will use a packet access mechanism, which is known to give a better utilisation of the transmission medium in case of bursty traffic. A packet access mechanism within GSM could provide several new services as medium, high and variable bit rate services which are required in fields as railway and road transport informatics and mobile data communication. Some different proposals for a packet radio service suitable for GSM are discussed in this paper. A packet access protocol suitable for GSM was developed and analysed by simulation. Radio wave propagation and the resulting bit errors are taken into account by modelling the channel according to a Rayleigh fading channel.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to An Unmutated Tumor Rejection Antigen P1A: Normal Development but Restrained Effector Function In Vivo (1999)

Unmutated tumor antigens are chosen as primary candidates for tumor vaccine because of their expression on multiple lineages of tumors. A critical issue is whether unmutated tumor antigens are expressed in normal cells, and if so, whether such expression imposes special restrictions on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this study, we use a transgenic approach to study the development and effector function of T cells specific for P1A, a prototypical unmutated tumor antigen. We report here that although P1A is expressed at low levels in normal tissues, including lymphoid tissues, the P1A-specific transgenic T cells develop normally and remain highly responsive to the P1A antigen. The fact that transgenic expression of P1A antigen in the thymus induces T cell clonal deletion demonstrates that normal hematopoietic cells can process and present the P1A antigen and that P1A-specific T cells are susceptible to clonal deletion. By inference, P1A-specific T cells must have escaped clonal deletion due to low expression of P1A in the thymus. Interestingly, despite the fact that an overwhelming majority of T cells in the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-transgenic mice are specific for P1A, these mice are no more resistant to a P1A-expressing plasmocytoma than nontransgenic littermates. Moreover, when the same TCR-transgenic mice were challenged simultaneously with B7-1(+) and B7-1(-) tumors, only B7-1(+) tumors were rejected. Therefore, even though P1A can be a tumor rejection antigen, the effector function of P1A-specific CTL is restrained in vivo. These results have important implications for the strategy of tumor immunotherapy.