gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vegetative Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cells do not confer protection against necrotic enteritis in broilers despite high antibacterial activity of its supernatant against Clostridium perfringens in vitro (2016)

In this study, the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Clostridium perfringens was tested in vitro and in vivo. Using an agar well diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of B. amyloliquefaciens supernatant was analysed against a large collection of netB-positive and netB-negative C. perfringens strains. Although strong growth inhibiting activity was detected against all C. perfringens isolates, it was significantly higher against virulent netB-positive C. perfringens strains compared with avirulent netB-negative isolates. Subsequently, the efficacy of in-feed administration of lyophilised vegetative cells of B. amyloliquefaciens to prevent necrotic enteritis was tested in vivo using an established experimental infection model in broilers. Ross 308 broilers received either B. amyloliquefaciens supplemented or unsupplemented feed throughout the experiment. No significant differences could be detected between the untreated positive control group and the B. amyloliquefaciens treated group in body weight, the number of chickens that developed necrotic lesions and in pathological lesion scores. These results demonstrate that despite its substantial inhibitory activity in vitro, lyophilised vegetative B. amyloliquefaciens cells had no beneficial effect against necrotic enteritis in the in vivo model used here.
A Review: Radiographic Iodinated Contrast Media-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction (2014)

With the increase in the use of computed tomography scans in the United States, there is increasing risk of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction. Patients at risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction should be closely monitored after receiving iodinated contrast media and should be treated as needed.
Glutamate induces the production of reactive oxygen species in cultured forebrain neurons following NMDA receptor activation (1995)

Using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF-H2) we investigated the role of glutamate in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured neurons from fetal rat forebrain. The addition of an excitotoxic concentration of glutamate (100 microM) produced a generalized decrease in cellular DCF fluorescence accompanied by local areas of increased fluorescence around the margins of the cell body that could be observed within 2-4 min of glutamate exposure. Increases in fluorescence were dependent on NMDA receptor activation and Ca2+ entry and were blocked by the mitochondrial proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). Additional studies suggested that the generalized decrease in fluorescence was due to intracellular acidification. These studies suggest a critical role for mitochondria in the production of ROS in association with glutamate excitotoxicity, and additionally demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the production of ROS at the level of the single cell.
Natural antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum Exp‐1, MSP‐3 and GLURP long synthetic peptides and association with protection (2004)

A longitudinal study was undertaken in Burkina Faso among 293 children aged 6 months to 9 years in order to determine the correlation between an antibody response to several individual malarial antigens and malarial infection. It was found that the presence of a positive antibody response at the beginning of the rainy season to three long synthetic peptides corresponding to Plasmodium falciparum Exp-1 101-162, MSP-3 154-249 and GLURP 801-920 but not to CSP 274-375 correlated with a statistically significant decrease in malarial infection during the ongoing transmission season. The simultaneous presence of an antibody response to more than one antigen is indicative of a lower frequency of malarial infection. This gives scientific credibility to the notion that a successful malaria vaccine should contain multiple antigens.
Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Direct Inoculation from Positive BACTEC Blood Culture Bottles into Vitek 2 (2004)

Inoculation of an automated system for rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) directly from positive blood culture bottles will reduce the turnaround time of laboratory diagnosis of septicemic patients, which benefits clinical outcome and decreases patient costs. Direct test results, however, must always be confirmed by testing a pure overnight culture, which is the "gold standard." We studied the accuracy of direct testing versus repeat testing in order to investigate the possibility of refraining from repeat testing. We also assessed the clinical risk of reporting results based on direct testing only. We inoculated Vitek 2 (bioMérieux) directly from 410 positive BACTEC 9240 (BD) blood culture bottles containing gram-negative rods and studied the ID and AST results. In a comparison of direct inoculation with the standard method, a total of 344 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested, and 93.0% were correctly identified. Of the 39 (10.2%) samples that contained bacilli not identifiable by Vitek 2, only 1 gave a conclusive, correct result. The overall MIC agreement among 312 isolates was 99.2%, with 0.8% very major and 0.02% major error rates. Of only three (polymicrobial) samples, the direct susceptibility pattern would be reported to the clinician as too sensitive. Vitek 2 results obtained from direct inoculation of blood culture bottles containing gram-negative bacilli are safe enough for immediate reporting, provided that ID and AST are consistent. Repeat testing is not necessary, unless Gram stain or overnight subculture results raise doubt about the purity of the culture.
Social Skills Training in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trial (2003)

Evaluated efficacy of social skills training (SST) on children with 2 subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 120 children (30 girls, 90 boys), ages 8 to 12 with ADHD-Inattentive type (ADHD-I; n = 59) or Combined type (ADHD-C; n = 61). The children were randomly assigned within diagnosis subtype to the treatment condition (8 weeks of SST) or the no-intervention control condition. SST led to greater improvements in both parent- and child-perceived assertion skills in the children with ADHD, yet did not affect the other domains of social competence. Diagnostically heterogeneous groups led to greater improvements on parent-report of their child's cooperation and assertion abilities as well as children's report of their own empathy skills. Diagnostically homogeneous groups led to greater decreases in externalizing behaviors at posttreatment but not at follow-up. Children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) did not benefit as much from the intervention. Children with ADHD-I improved in assertion skills more than children with ADHD-C, yet the 2 diagnostic entities did not differ in improvement levels across all other social skills.
Nasal mast cells in perennial allergic rhinitics exhibit increased expression of the Fc epsilonRI, CD40L, IL-4, and IL-13, and can induce IgE synthesis in B cells. (1997)

Cross-linking of allergen specific IgE bound to the high affinity IgE receptor (FC epsilonRI) on the surface of mast cells with multivalent allergens results in the release of both pre-formed and newly generated mediators, and in the manifestation of allergic symptoms. The expression of Fc epsilonRI, and the synthesis of IgE are therefore critical for the development of allergic diseases. In this study, we report that nasal mast cells (NMC) from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) expressed significantly greater levels of the Fc epsilonRI, CD40L, IL-4, and IL-13 as compared to NMC from patients with chronic infective rhinitis (CIR). The level of Fc epsilonRI expression in NMC of PAR patients strongly correlated with the levels of serum total (r = 0.8, P < 0.003) and specific IgE (r = 0.89, P < 0.0004) antibodies. In addition, stimulation of NMC with IL-4, upregulated the Fc epsilonRIalpha chain expression both at the protein and mRNA levels, as detected by flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, NMC from PAR, but not CIR, patients induced IgE synthesis by purified B cells in the presence of Der fII (mite antigen). These results suggest novel and critical roles for mast cells in promoting the allergic reaction through the increased expression of Fc epsilonRI and by enhancing and amplifying the IgE production, within the local microenvironment.
The Process of growth and transformation: Extending the process model (2011)

This paper extends Rogers' processing model and presents an integrative framework of human functioning that draws on recent developments in neuroscience and person-centered and experiential theory. Four developmental processes, including emotional processing, the differentiation of experience, the development of somatic markers, and the treatment of self are identified as important developmental processes that contribute to becoming a fully functioning person as defined by Rogers (1961). Potential problems in living and being that clients might encounter with one or more of the developmental processes are identified and discussed in the context of person-centered and experiential approaches to psychotherapy.
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Dark-promoted Senescence in Postharvest Broccoli (2015)

Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ) is an important vegetable crop rich in vitamins and sulforaphane. However, the floral heads of broccoli experience rapid postharvest senescence. Here we found that hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) treatment alleviated dark-promoted senescence in broccoli florets. H 2 S delayed the symptoms of senescence and maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and Rubisco and lower protease activity compared with water control. Gene expression analysis showed that H 2 S down-regulated the expression of chlorophyll degradation-related genes BoSGR , BoNYC , BoCLH1 , BoPPH, and BoRCCR . Expression of lipoxygenase gene BoLOX1 and the genes involved in the ethylene synthesis pathway, BoACS2 and BoACS3, were also down-regulated by H 2 S. The reduced expression level in cysteine protease gene BoCP3 and aspartic protease gene BoLSC807 suggested the role of H 2 S in alleviating protein degradation during broccoli senescence. H 2 S up-regulated the expression of sulfur metabolism genes BoSR and BoOASTL, and the antioxidant gene BoCAT . These results show that H 2 S plays a vital role in alleviating broccoli senescence through a broad regulation on gene expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism genes, ethylene synthesis genes, and protease genes.
The Functions of BMP3 in Rabbit Articular Cartilage Repair (2015)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in skeletal development and repair. Previously, we found fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) induced up-regulation of BMP2, 3, 4 in the process of rabbit articular cartilage repair, which resulted in satisfactory repair effects. As BMP2/4 show a clearly positive effect for cartilage repair, we investigated the functions of BMP3 in rabbit articular cartilage repair. In this paper, we find that BMP3 inhibits the repair of partial-thickness defect of articular cartilage in rabbit by inducing the degradation of extracellular matrix, interfering with the survival of chondrocytes surrounding the defect, and directly inhibiting the expression of BMP2 and BMP4. Meanwhile BMP3 suppress the repair of full-thickness cartilage defect by destroying the subchondral bone through modulating the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and directly increasing the expression of BMP4. Although BMP3 has different functions in the repair of partial and full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in rabbit, the regulation of BMP expression is involved in both of them. Together with our previous findings, we suggest the regulation of the BMP signaling pathway by BMP3 is essential in articular cartilage repair.
The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour (2003)

The present data indicate that there may be a size gradient of melanosomes encompassing the global complexion coloration and that the melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of Asian skin is intermediate between that in light Caucasian and dark African/American skin.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV2) Capsid-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Eliminate Only Vector-Transduced Cells Coexpressing the AAV2 Capsid In Vivo (2007)

A recent clinical trial has suggested that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector transduction in humans induces a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the AAV2 capsid. To directly address the ability of AAV capsid-specific CTLs to eliminate rAAV-transduced cells in vitro and in vivo in mice, we first demonstrated that AAV2 capsid-specific CTLs could be induced by dendritic cells with endogenous AAV2 capsid expression or pulsed with AAV2 vectors. These CTLs were able to kill a cell line stable for capsid expression in vitro and also in a mouse tumor xenograft model in vivo. Parent colon carcinoma (CT26) cells transduced with a large amount of AAV2 vectors in vitro were also destroyed by these CTLs. To determine the effect of CTLs on the elimination of target cells transduced by AAV2 vectors in vivo, we carried out adoptive transfer experiments. CTLs eliminated liver cells with endogenous AAV2 capsid expression but not liver cells transduced by AAV2 vectors, regardless of the reporter genes. Similar results were obtained for rAAV2 transduction in muscle. Our data strongly suggest that AAV vector-transduced cells are rarely eliminated by AAV2 capsid-specific CTLs in vivo, even though the AAV capsid can induce a CTL response. In conclusion, AAV capsid-specific CTLs do not appear to play a role in elimination of rAAV-transduced cells in a mouse model. In addition, our data suggest that the mouse model may not mimic the immune response noted in humans and additional modification to AAV vectors may be required for further study in order to elicit a similar cellular immune response.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Is a Major Regulator of Growth-Regulated Oncogene α in Ovarian Cancer (2006)

Growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha), a member of the chemokine superfamily, is commonly expressed in transformed cells and contributes to angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that increased GROalpha levels are detected in the plasma and ascites of ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer cell lines in culture express and secrete GROalpha. However, when they are starved in serum-free medium, ovarian cancer cells ceased producing GROalpha, suggesting that GROalpha is not constitutively expressed but rather is produced in response to exogenous growth factors in ovarian cancer cells. The prototype peptide growth factors present in serum such as platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin do not stimulate GROalpha production by ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a glycerol backbone phospholipid mediator present in serum and ascites of ovarian cancer patients, is a potent inducer of GROalpha expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with LPA leads to transcriptional activation of the GROalpha gene promoter and robust accumulation of GROalpha protein in culture supernatants. The action of LPA on GROalpha expression is mediated by LPA receptors, particularly the LPA(2) receptor in that ectopic expression of these receptors restores the LPA-dependent GROalpha production in nonresponsive cells. Down-regulation of LPA(2) expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in ovarian cancer cells desensitizes GROalpha production in response to LPA. The effect of serum on GROalpha production is also significantly decreased by siRNA inhibition of LPA(2) expression. These studies identify LPA as a primary regulator of GROalpha expression in ovarian cancer.
Use of hydrophobic substituents in controlling self-assembly of oligonucleotides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of hydrophobic substituents in controlling self-assembly of oligonucleotidesR. L. Letsinger, S. K. Chaturvedi, F. Farooqui, and M. SalunkheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7535–7536Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A privacy-aware access control system (2008)

The protection of privacy is an increasing concern in our networked society because of the growing amount of personal information that is being collected by a number of commercial and public services. Emerging scenarios of user–service interactions i
A Conserved Motif within the Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase Gene Is Widely Distributed across Animal Phyla (2000)

The vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase catalyzes the posttranslational conversion of glutamic acid to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, an amino acid critical to the function of the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins. Given the functional similarity of mammalian vitamin K-dependent carboxylases and the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from Conus textile, a marine invertebrate, we hypothesized that structurally conserved regions would identify sequences critical to this common functionality. Furthermore, we examined the diversity of animal species that maintain vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to generate gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. We have cloned carboxylase homologs in full-length or partial form from the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), toadfish (Opsanus tau), chicken (Gallus gallus), hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), and cone snail (Conus textile) to compare these structures to the known bovine, human, rat, and mouse cDNA sequences. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences identified a nearly perfectly conserved 38-amino acid residue region in all of these putative carboxylases. In addition, this amino acid motif is also present in the Drosophila genome and identified a Drosophila homolog of the gamma-carboxylase. Assay of hagfish liver demonstrated vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity in this hemichordate. These results demonstrate the broad distribution of the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase gene, including a highly conserved motif that is likely critical for enzyme function. The vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid appears to be a highly conserved function in the animal kingdom.
In vitro/in Vivo Correlations in Transdermal Product Development (2015)

As per the US FDA's guidance for industry entitled 'Extended Release Oral Dosage Forms: Development, Evaluation, and Application of In Vitro/In Vivo Correlations', in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) can be used to establish a dissolution test as a surrogate for human bioequivalence studies and certain scale-up and postapproval changes. However, at the present time, establishment of a transdermal IVIVC is not used to support biowaiver claims in late phases of clinical development or postapproval changes (major formulation changes, i.e., >10% changes in inactive ingredients) to the best of the authors' knowledge. The value of developing an IVIVC for percutaneous drugs lies mainly in facilitating permeation testing of transdermal drug candidates and formulation performance optimization at much lower cost as compared with carrying out multiple in vivo studies. The present article will introduce the concept of transdermal IVIVC, outlining certain limitations to its applicability, in vitro and in vivo methods, regulatory product development requirements and the most common approaches to establish an IVIVC for a transdermal drug. Additionally, this article will also summarize some challenges and recent advancements in this field, along with selected academic examples of transdermal IVIVCs.
Low Back Pain in Athletes (2002)

Low back pain is a common occurrence in the athlete. Physical contact with opposing players/environment, repetition, and tissue overload are often cited sources of this problem. Injury surveillance data from the NCAA indicates that in at least female athletes, it is one of the top three injured regions. Newer data supports that individuals with low back pain continue to have pain and recurrences more than one year after the initial event. Deficiencies within the functional kinetic chain may play an important role in this regard though the cause and effect relationships need to be further explored. Despite purported advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain, it continues to be a significant cause of impairment in recreational and elite athletes alike. The assessment of low back pain requires a keen understanding of the multifactorial nature of the condition, along with the biomechanical, physiologic and sport specific issues surrounding its occurrence. The importance of a comprehensive history and physical examination cannot be overstressed. Patient selection for additional diagnostic testing and treatment strategies should be based on the findings of the history and physical in conjunction with the existing scientific literature. Functional, sport specific approaches to treatment should be emphasized while the sustained use of passive modalities should be limited. A new strategy incorporating continuous low level heat into a wearable wrap has been demonstrated scientifically to improve low back pain, offering the combined benefit of therapeutic heat while maintaining activity. Through the use of a comprehensive assessment, along with an evidence based approach to diagnosis and treatment, barriers to successful treatment will be minimized and outcome enhanced.