gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing Capacity and Cost Effectiveness of Antacids (1981)

The prescribing physician is faced with a wide choice of antacid preparations. To provide a guide, we tested the commonly available antacids, both liquid and tablet, for their acid-neutralizing capacity. We calculated the cost effectiveness of antacids and tabulated the cost of 1 month of therapy. The acid-neutralizing capacity and cost effectiveness of liquid antacids are generally better than tablet antacids. The most effective liquid antacids, which are composed of either aluminum and magnesium hydroxide mixtures or calcium carbonate, vary in buffering capacity from 3 to 4.2 meq/mL of antacid and range in monthly cost of therapy from $35 to $74. In contrast, the five least effective liquid antacids vary in acid-neutralizing capacity from 0.3 to 2.3 meq/mL of antacid and in monthly cost of therapy from $78 to $498. Because the monthly cost of therapy is influenced primarily by the acid-neutralizing capacity of the antacid, a high-potency antacid should be prescribed. The taste and sodium content of the antacids should also be taken into account by the prescribing physician.
Differential expression of the C5a receptor on the main cell types of rat liver as demonstrated with a novel monoclonal antibody and by C5a anaphylatoxin-induced Ca2+ release. (1999)

The C5-anaphylatoxin (C5a) is a protein of 74 (human) or 77 (rat) amino acid residues, respectively, which is generated by limited proteolysis upon activation of the fifth component of complement. Its generation may be induced by both the classical and alternative pathways. C5a has been shown to indirectly increase glucose output from hepatocytes (HC) in perfused rat liver by inducing prostanoid release from Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). A direct action of C5a on hepatocytes would require their expression of the specific C5a receptor (C5aR). In former studies using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) it was shown that HC lack this receptor in contrast to KC, HSC and, probably, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC), all of which contained mRNA for the C5aR in decreasing amounts. Using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb R63) against the rat receptor, expression of the rat receptor on the four cell types was investigated by FACS analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. The data obtained were confirmed by functional studies in which the Ca2+ response after stimulation of the isolated cells with recombinant rat C5a (rrC5a), the ligand for the receptor was recorded. The FACS and the immunocytochemical data presented here clearly indicate that rat HC do not express the C5aR, whereas KC have the highest expression level followed by HSC. SEC expressed the receptor only weakly. In line with these findings, a strong Ca2+ response was observed after stimulation of KC and HSC, and a weak one with SEC. However, no signal was obtained upon stimulation of HC. The results of this study support the indirect stimulation of glucose output from HC via prostanoid release from nonparenchymal liver cells and contradict the formerly proposed hypothesis of a direct action of C5 anaphylatoxin on hepatocytes.
Circulating interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor during inflammation (1987)

It is proposed that interleukin 1 (IL 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha play central roles in the host's response to inflammation. Yet circulating concentrations have not been frequently measured in many inflammatory states. Serum levels of IL 1 and TNF were evaluated in mice with a tumor, sterile inflammation, endotoxinemia, or generalized peritonitis where an acute-phase protein response was documented. In tumor-bearing mice, no IL 1 or TNF could be detected despite marked increases in the serum concentration of the acute-phase reactant protein, amyloid P. In mice with peritonitis, induced by cecal ligation and perforation, or a turpentine-induced subcutaneous abscess, IL 1 but not TNF could be detected in the serum. Only expansion of the reticuloendothelial system with Corynebacterium parvum and subsequent challenge with endotoxin resulted in serum TNF appearance. The failure to observe IL 1 or TNF in any of the disorders could not be explained by inhibitors. Rather, the data suggest that a hepatic acute-phase protein response can occur during inflammatory states without the appearance of either IL 1 or TNF in the circulation. Circulating levels of both monokines do not appear to be a universal finding in inflammation.
Bilayer Surfactant Stabilized Magnetic Fluids:  Synthesis and Interactions at Interfaces (1998)

Aqueous magnetic fluids were synthesized by a sequential process involving the chemical coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) followed by resuspension of the ultrafine particles in water using fatty acids. This procedure produced Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized against agglomeration by bilayers of n-alkanoic acids with 9−13 carbons encapsulating the metal particles. The magnetic properties and particle size and size distributions of these magnetic fluids, characterized by transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device, indicated the formation of single-domain nanoparticles of mean diameter ∼9.3 and ∼7.5 nm, respectively; the difference in values determined by the two methods implies the presence of a nonmagnetic layer on the particle surface. Thermogravimetric analysis measurements showed the existence of two distinct populations of surfactants on the particle surface, each having surfactant coverage of ∼21−24 Å2/molecule, that was consistent with highly organized surfactant bilayer structures. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the presence of a phase transition for the bilayer-coated particles that suggests partial interpenetration of the hydrocarbon tails of the primary and secondary surfactants.
MECHANISM OF THYROID ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1976)

Balb/c thyroids, held in organ culture for 26 days, survive and function as well as isografts for greater than 100 days in CBA recipients. Uncultured allografts are totally rejected by 20 days after transplantation. Prolonged allograft survival can also be achieved by the treatment of donor animals with cyclophosphamide prior to harvesting tissues for transplantation. These allografts do not survive as well as 26 day cultured allografts, but cyclophosphamide pretreatment reduces the culture time required to achieve indefinite survival to 7 days. The provision of an allogeneic (LD) stimulus by thyroid tissue that is I-region incompatible with the host does not facilitate the rejection of a tolerated cultured allograft. However, activation of the host immune system by an uncultured graft syngeneic to a tolerated cultured allograft leads to the chronic rejection of the cultured transplant. The transfer of a tolerated cultured allograft back to its strain of origin induces an acute inflammatory reaction that causes tissue damage within the transplant but does not lead to the total destruction of the tissue.
Coexpression studies with mutant muscarinic/adrenergic receptors provide evidence for intermolecular "cross-talk" between G-protein-linked receptors. (1993)

We have tested the hypothesis that guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptors may be able to interact with each other at a molecular level. To address this question, we have initially created two chimeric receptors, alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2, in which the C-terminal receptor portions (containing transmembrane domains VI and VII) were exchanged between the alpha 2C-adrenergic and the m3 muscarinic receptor. Transfection of COS-7 cells with either of the two chimeric constructs alone did not result in any detectable binding activity for the muscarinic ligand N-[3H]methylscopolamine or the adrenergic ligand [3H]rauwolscine. However, cotransfection with alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2 resulted in the appearance of specific binding sites (30-35 fmol/mg of membrane protein) for both radioligands. These sites displayed ligand binding properties similar to those of the two wild-type receptors. Furthermore, COS-7 cells cotransfected with alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2 were able to mediate a pronounced stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis upon stimulation with the muscarinic agonist carbachol (Emax approximately 40-50% of wild-type m3). A mutant m3 receptor (containing 16 amino acids of m2 receptor sequence at the N terminus of the third cytoplasmic loop) that was capable of binding muscarinic ligands but was virtually unable to stimulate phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis was also used in various cotransfection experiments. Coexpression of this chimeric receptor with other functionally impaired mutant muscarinic receptors (e.g., with an m3 receptor containing a Pro-->Ala point mutation in transmembrane region VII) resulted in a considerable stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown after carbachol treatment (Emax approximately 40-50% of wild-type m3). Thus, these data suggest that guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptors can interact with each other at a molecular level. One may speculate that the formation of receptor dimers involving the intermolecular exchange of N- and C-terminal receptor domains (containing transmembrane domains I-V and VI and VII, respectively) may underlie this phenomenon.
Phase-noise and shot-noise limited operations of low coherence optical time domain reflectometry (1991)

This letter shows theoretically and experimentally that Fresnel end reflection of the waveguide under test degrades the sensitivity of low coherence optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). Optical mixing of end reflection and reference light in the OTDR produces the phase noise in proportion to end reflectivity. With the balanced detection technique, the excess photon noise is subdued and the phase noise becomes the dominant source of sensitivity degradation. At 3.2% end reflection and 300 μA mean photocurrent, the noise floor due to the phase noise is −138 dB/Hz. By reducing the fiber end reflection with matching oil, a shot-noise limited sensitivity of −140 dB at a 3 Hz bandwidth has been demonstrated at submillimeter resolution.
Approximated and User Steerable tSNE for Progressive Visual Analytics (2015)

Progressive Visual Analytics aims at improving the interactivity in existing analytics techniques by means of visualization as well as interaction with intermediate results. One key method for data analysis is dimensionality reduction, for example, to produce 2D embeddings that can be visualized and analyzed efficiently. t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) is a well-suited technique for the visualization of several high-dimensional data. tSNE can create meaningful intermediate results but suffers from a slow initialization that constrains its application in Progressive Visual Analytics. We introduce a controllable tSNE approximation (A-tSNE), which trades off speed and accuracy, to enable interactive data exploration. We offer real-time visualization techniques, including a density-based solution and a Magic Lens to inspect the degree of approximation. With this feedback, the user can decide on local refinements and steer the approximation level during the analysis. We demonstrate our technique with several datasets, in a real-world research scenario and for the real-time analysis of high-dimensional streams to illustrate its effectiveness for interactive data analysis.
Battery energy storage for utility applications: Phase I - opportunities analysis (1994)

Batteries do however contribute to better system operation. Recommendations are made for a modification of the model to address utility concerns, further refinement/optimization of a configuration, and preliminary design work.
Segmental Isotope Labeling for Protein NMR Using Peptide Splicing (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSegmental Isotope Labeling for Protein NMR Using Peptide SplicingToshio Yamazaki, Takanori Otomo, Natsuko Oda, Yoshimasa Kyogoku, Koichi Uegaki, Nobutoshi Ito, Yoshizumi Ishino, and Haruki NakamuraView Author Information Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan Osaka National Research Institute AIST 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 22, 5591–5592Publication Date (Web):May 22, 1998Publication History Received9 March 1998Published online22 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980776ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980776orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1256Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Isotopes,Labeling,Ligation,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Breaking the Hierarchy: Distributed Control &amp; Economic Optimality in Microgrids (2014)

Abstract—Modeled after the hierarchical control architecture of power transmission systems, a layering of primary, secondary, and tertiary control has become the standard operation paradigm for microgrids. Despite this superficial similarity, the control objectives in microgrids across these three layers are varied and ambitious, and they must be achieved while allowing for robust plug-and-play operation and maximal flexibility, without hierar-chical decision making and time-scale separations. In this work, we explore control strategies for these three layers and illuminate some possibly-unexpected connections and dependencies among them. Building from a first-principle analysis of decentralized primary droop control, we study centralized, decentralized, and distributed architectures for secondary frequency regulation. We find that averaging-based distributed controllers using commu-nication among the generation units offer the best combination of flexibility and performance. We further leverage these results to study constrained AC economic dispatch in a tertiary control layer. Surprisingly, we show that the minimizers of the economic dispatch problem are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of steady-states reachable by droop control. In other words, the adoption of droop control is necessary and sufficient to achieve economic optimization. This equivalence results in simple guidelines to select the droop coefficients, which include the known criteria for power sharing. We illustrate the performance and robustness of our designs through simulations. I.
Combined CD44- and CD25-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Selectively Kills Cancer and Regulatory T Cells in Syngeneic Mouse Cancer Models (2020)

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed and selective cancer treatment that induces necrotic and immunogenic cell death and utilizes a mAb conjugated to a photo-absorber dye, IR700DX, activated by NIR light. Although CD44 is a surface cancer marker associated with drug resistance, anti-CD44-IR700 NIR-PIT results in inhibited cell growth and prolonged survival in multiple tumor types. Meanwhile, CD25-targeted NIR-PIT has been reported to achieve selective and local depletion of FOXP3<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Treg), which are primary immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in activation of local antitumor immunity. Combined NIR-PIT with CD44- and CD25-targeted agents has the potential to directly eliminate tumor cells and also amplify the immune response by removing FOXP3<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> Tregs from the TME. We investigated the difference in therapeutic effects of CD44-targeted NIR-PIT alone, CD25-targeted NIR-PIT alone, and the combination of CD44- and CD25-targeted NIR-PIT in several syngeneic tumor models, including MC38-luc, LL/2, and MOC1. The combined NIR-PIT showed significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival compared with CD44-targeted NIR-PIT alone in all tumor models and showed prolonged survival compared with CD25-targeted NIR-PIT alone in MC38-luc and LL/2 tumors. Combined CD44- and CD25-targeted NIR-PIT also resulted in some complete remissions. Therefore, combined NIR-PIT simultaneously targeting cancer antigens and immunosuppressive cells in the TME may be more effective than either type of NIR-PIT alone and may have potential to induce prolonged immune responses in treated tumors.
Inheritance of Frontotemporal Dementia (1999)

Familial FTD is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The initial onset is insidious, often consisting of mood and behavioral changes occurring in presenile years that are often erroneously attributed to other nonneurologic causes. Although the precise incidence of FTD in North America is not known, it is one of the most common presenile dementias.
Drug-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Should success in clinical management be a function of improvement of motor repertoire rather than amplitude of dyskinesia? (2013)

Clinicians should not only consider the level of motor symptomatology when assessing the efficacy of their treatment strategy, but also breadth of the motor repertoire available to patients.
The nucleotide sequence of a human immnnoglobulin Cγlgene (1982)

We report the nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding the constant region of a human immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain (C gamma 1). A comparison of this sequence with those of the C gamma 2 and C gamma 4 genes reveals that these three human C gamma genes share considerable homology in both coding and noncoding regions. The nucleotide sequence differences indicate that these genes diverged from one another approximately 608 million years ago. An examination of hinge exons shows that these coding regions have evolved more rapidly than any other areas of the C gamma genes in terms of both base substitution and deletion/insertion events. Coding sequence diversity also is observed in areas of CH domains which border the hinge.
Altered brain neurotransmitter receptors in transgenic mice expressing a portion of an abnormal human Huntington disease gene (1998)

Loss of neurotransmitter receptors, especially glutamate and dopamine receptors, is one of the pathologic hallmarks of brains of patients with Huntington disease (HD). Transgenic mice that express exon 1 of an abnormal human HD gene (line R6/2) develop neurologic symptoms at 9-11 weeks of age through an unknown mechanism. Analysis of glutamate receptors (GluRs) in symptomatic 12-week-old R6/2 mice revealed decreases compared with age-matched littermate controls in the type 1 metabotropic GluR (mGluR1), mGluR2, mGluR3, but not the mGluR5 subtype of G protein-linked mGluR, as determined by [3H]glutamate receptor binding, protein immunoblotting, and in situ hybridization. Ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid and kainate receptors were also decreased, while N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors were not different compared with controls. Other neurotransmitter receptors known to be affected in HD were also decreased in R6/2 mice, including dopamine and muscarinic cholinergic, but not gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptor binding was drastically reduced to one-third of control in the brains of 8- and 12-week-old R6/2 mice. In situ hybridization indicated that mGluR and D1 dopamine receptor mRNA were altered as early as 4 weeks of age, long prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Thus, altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors precedes clinical symptoms in R6/2 mice and may contribute to subsequent pathology.
Anti-Cytokine Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are important in mediating inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Randomized phase II and III clinical trials of anti-TNF reagents (infliximab and etanercept) have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and marked clinical efficacy in cases of RA that have not responded adequately to conventional therapy. Combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) appears to be particularly effective in patients whose disease activity persists despite prior disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and ongoing MTX monotherapy. DMARD-recalcitrant disease may become the main indication for the use of anti-TNF drugs in patients with RA. Trials of IL-1 receptor antagonist show a relatively modest anti-inflammatory effect and a possible retardation of joint damage. Whether anti-TNF therapy protects joints from structural damage is under investigation. One anti-TNF reagent has already been approved in the United States for the treatment of RA, and other cytokine antagonists or agonists are under development.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO NUTRIENT LIMITATION (1983)

Revue des effets cellulaires dus a une nutrition limitee des microorganismes pour le carbone, l'azote, le phosphore, le soufre, le potassium et le magnesium
Energy-oriented compiler optimizations for partitioned memory architectures (2000)

Due to low power requirements of many embedded/portable devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers and dramatic increases in clock frequencies of general-purpose processors, lowpower software technology is becoming increasingly important in system design. Many applications from image and video processing as well as from dense linear algebra are array-dominated and data-intensive, thereby spending a major portion of their execution time and energy in the memory subsystem. This paper presents a compiler-based optimization framework that targets reducing the energy consumption in a partitioned off-chip memory architecture that contains multiple memory banks by organizing the order of computations and the layout of data. The optimizations considered in this work take advantage of low-power operating modes and the partitioned (multi-bank) structure of the off-chip memory. Our preliminary experiments show that the proposed framework improves memory energy by up to 86% over a scheme that keeps all the memory banks in the active (fully-operational) operating mode all the time, and up to 70% over a scheme that utilizes low-power operating modes without doing any loop and data optimizations.
Operating system support for database management (1981)

Several operating system services are examined with a view toward their applicability to support of database management functions. These services include buffer pool management; the file system; scheduling, process management, and interprocess communication; and consistency control.
Interference on UHF SATCOM channels (2003)

This document describes testing performed to characterize the uplink and downlink ultra high frequency (UHF) satellite communications interference environment and allow analysis of potential mobile user objective system (MUOS) interference mitigation techniques.