gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antineoplastic drugs sulindac sulfide and sulfone inhibit cell growth by inducing apoptosis. (1995)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac is known to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in rodent models and cause regression of adenomas in patients with adenomatous polyposis coli. Sulindac is a prodrug that is metabolized to a pharmacologically active sulfide derivative that potently inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Recent studies, however, have shown that a sulfone derivative of sulindac, which essentially lacks prostaglandin synthesis inhibitory activity, also inhibits chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that reduction of prostaglandin levels is not necessary for the antineoplastic activity of this class of drugs. Both sulindac sulfide and the sulfone inhibit the growth of cultured tumor cells, although the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for the antineoplastic activity of sulindac derivatives is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of sulindac sulfide and sulfone on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Sulindac sulfide and sulfone significantly reduced cell number in both preconfluent and confluent cultures of HT-29 cells with the sulfide showing approximately 4-fold greater potency. In addition to HT-29 cells, both drugs inhibited the growth of a variety of tumor cell lines derived from other tissues, as well as normal epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Neither sulindac sulfide nor sulfone inhibited cell proliferation under conditions where the drugs were growth inhibitory. Only under specific conditions involving mitogenic stimulation did sulindac sulfide and sulfone cause cell cycle arrest. Neither sulindac sulfide nor the sulfone induced differentiation of HT-29 cells, but both drugs strongly induced apoptosis. The apoptotic response to sulindac sulfide and sulfone was both time- and dose-dependent and involved a mechanism independent of their inhibitory effect on cell cycle progression. These data suggest that apoptosis is responsible for the cell growth inhibitory activity of sulindac sulfide and sulfone and represents a potential mechanism for the antineoplastic activity of these drugs.
Redox Mediation at 11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (2006)

Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and digital simulation techniques were used to investigate quantitatively the mechanism of electron transfer (ET) through densely packed and well-ordered self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid on gold, either pristine or modified by physically adsorbed glucose oxidase (GOx). In the presence of ferrocenylmethanol (FcMeOH) as a redox mediator, ET kinetics involving either solution-phase hydrophilic redox probes such as [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- or surface-immobilized GOx is greatly accelerated: [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- undergoes diffusion-controlled ET, while the enzymatic electrochemical conversion of glucose to gluconolactone is efficiently sustained by FcMeOH. Analysis of the results, also including the digital simulation of CV and EIS data, showed the prevalence of an ET mechanism according to the so-called membrane model that comprises the permeation of the redox mediator within the SAM and the intermolecular ET to the redox probe located outside the monolayer. The analysis of the catalytic current generated at the GOx/SAM electrode in the presence of glucose and FcMeOH allowed the high surface protein coverage suggested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements to be confirmed.
Interactions of gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes with actin. Effects of calcium on actin nucleation, filament severing, and end blocking (1985)

Gelsolin is a calcium binding protein that shortens actin filaments. This effect occurs in the presence but not in the absence of micromolar calcium ion concentrations and is partially reversed following removal of calcium ions. Once two actin molecules have bound to gelsolin in solutions containing Ca2+, one of the actins remains bound following chelation of calcium, so that the reversal of gelsolin's effect cannot be accounted for simply by its dissociation from the ends of the shortened filaments to allow for elongation. In this paper, the interactions with actin of the ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) stable 1:1 gelsolin-actin complexes are compared with those of free gelsolin. The abilities of free or complexed gelsolin to sever actin filaments, nucleate filament assembly, bind to the fast growing (+) filament ends, and lower the filament size distribution in the presence of either Ca2+ or EGTA were examined. The results show that both free gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes are highly dependent on Ca2+ concentration when present in a molar ratio to actin less than 1:50. The gelsolin-actin complexes, however, differ from free gelsolin in that they have a higher affinity for (+) filament ends in EGTA and they cannot sever filaments in calcium. The limited reversal of actin-gelsolin binding following removal of calcium and the calcium sensitivity of nucleation by complexes suggest an alternative to reannealing of shortened filaments that involves redistribution of actin monomers and may account for the calcium-sensitive functional reversibility of the solation of actin by gelsolin.
Evaluation of an autogenous Salmonella bacterin and a modified live Salmonella serotype Choleraesuis vaccine on a commercial dairy farm (2001)

Vaccination of pregnant cows with an autogenous Salmonella bacterin had no effect on fecal shedding of salmonellae, whereas vaccination with a modified live S. Choleraesuis vaccine reduced the frequency of fecal shedding of serogroup C1 salmonellae during the peripartum period. A commercial S. Choleraesuis vaccine licensed for use in swine may be more efficacious than autogenous Salmonella bacterins on dairies infected with serogroup C1 salmonellae.
Solubility and Intestinal Transit Time Limit Calcium Absorption in Rats (1993)

Six-week-old male rats were placed on two high calcium regimens: one with calcium carbonate and monobasic calcium phosphate, with calcium content increased via calcium carbonate; and another with calcium phosphate and calcium gluconate, with calcium gluconate the source of increased calcium. Animals fed the gluconate-containing diets absorbed 29% of the ingested calcium over the entire calcium intake range, whereas those fed the calcium carbonate diets absorbed 25% over an intake range of 225 to 450 mg Ca/d, but at calcium intakes above 450 mg Ca/d their absorption reached a plateau at approximately 109 mg/d. Active calcium transport decreased with increased calcium intake in both the calcium carbonate- and calcium gluconate-fed groups. Nonsaturable transport was unchanged as a result of increasing calcium intake and did not differ among the diet groups. Because the absorptive processes were unaffected by the calcium source, events in the lumen must have been responsible for the observed differences. Because phosphate is nearly 18 times more soluble than carbonate, very little calcium of calcium carbonate origin can have been solubilized in the presence of phosphate and this, we conclude, accounts for the limit on calcium absorption observed in diets high in calcium carbonate. Moreover, when intake is expressed as soluble calcium, absorption approaches 50%, the value expected when intestinal transit time (approximately 3 h) is multiplied by 16%/h, the experimental value of nonsaturable absorption.
Droplet fusion by alternating current (AC) field electrocoalescence in microchannels (2005)

We present a system for the electrocoalescence of microfluidic droplets immersed in an immiscible solvent, where the undeformed droplet diameters are comparable to the channel diameter. The electrodes are not in direct contact with the carrier liquid or the droplets, thereby minimizing the risk of cross-contamination between different coalescence events. Results are presented for the coalescence of buffered aqueous droplets in both quiescent and flowing fluorocarbon streams, and on-flight coalescence is demonstrated. The capillary-based system presented here is readily amenable to further miniaturization to any lab-on-a-chip application where the conductivity of the droplets is much greater than the conductivity of the stream containing them, and should aid in the further application of droplet microreactors to biological analyses.
A Novel High Efficiency High Power Interleaved Coupled-Inductor Boost DC-DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (2007)

In this paper an efficient high power high-step up dc- dc converter is presented for interfacing distributed energy storage elements like, fuel cells, batteries, and ultracapacitors with the high voltage dc bus in Electrical Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). In the proposed converter, coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved and a boost converter is used to clamp the switch voltage of the interleaved converters at a lower voltage. Leakage energy of all the interleaved converters are gathered in one clamping capacitor and discharged to the output by the clamping boost converter. The interleaving and low voltage clamping of coupled-inductor boost converters enable to achieve high efficiency. Design and analysis of the proposed converter are presented. Finally simulation results are provided for verification of the proposed converter.
Activation by Attention of the Human Reticular Formation and Thalamic Intralaminar Nuclei (1996)

It has been known for over 45 years that electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation and of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei of the brain alerts animals. However, lesions of these sectors fail to impair arousal and vigilance in some cases, making the role of the ascending activating reticular system controversial. Here, a positron emission tomographic study showed activation of the midbrain reticular formation and of thalamic intralaminar nuclei when human participants went from a relaxed awake state to an attention-demanding reaction-time task. These results confirm the role of these areas of the brain and brainstem in arousal and vigilance.
Modelling the human immune response: performance of a 1011 human antibody repertoire against a broad panel of therapeutically relevant antigens (2008)

A large 1.29 x 10(11) antibody fragment library, based upon variable (V) genes isolated from human B-cells from 160 donors has been constructed and its performance measured against a panel of 28 different clinically relevant antigens. Over 5000 different target-specific antibodies were isolated to the 28 antigens with 3340 identified as modulating the biological function (e.g. antagonism, agonism) of the target antigen. This represents an average of approximately 120 different functionally active antibodies per target. Analysis of a sample of >800 antibodies from the unselected library indicates V gene usage is representative of the human immune system with no strong bias towards any particular V(H)-V(L) pairing. Germline diversity is broad with 45/49 functional V(H) germlines and 28/30 V(lambda) and 30/35 V(kappa) light-chain germlines represented in the sample. The number of functional V(H) germlines and V(kappa) light-chain germlines present is increased to 48/49 and 31/35, respectively, when selected V gene usage is included in the analysis. However, following selection on the antigen panel, V(H)1-V(lambda)1 germline family pairings are preferentially enriched and represent a remarkable 25% of the antigen-specific selected repertoire.
Pharmacophore Modeling as an Efficient Tool in the Discovery of Novel Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonists (2003)

A three-dimensional pharmacophore model for the binding of noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists was developed in order to map common structural features of highly active compounds. This hypothesis, which consists of two hydrophobic regions, one hydrogen bond acceptor and one aromatic region, was successfully used as framework for the design of a new class of allosteric modulators containing a tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton and for in silico screening. The promising biological results suggested that the identified molecules might be useful "lead compounds" for future drug development.
Progesterone enhances ethanol‐induced modulation of mesocortical dopamine neurons: antagonism by finasteride (2002)

The effect of endogenous 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-TH PROG) on the modulation of mesocortical dopamine extracellular concentration by ethanol was investigated by microdialysis in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of progesterone (5 mg/kg, once a day for 5 days) increased the cortical content of 3alpha,5alpha-TH PROG and potentiated the biphasic effect of acute intraperitoneal administration of ethanol on dopamine content. A dose of ethanol (0.25 g/kg) that was ineffective in naïve rats induced a 55% increase in dopamine extracellular concentration in rats pretreated with progesterone. This increase was similar to that induced by a higher dose (0.5 g/kg) of ethanol in naïve rats. Administration of ethanol at 0.5 g/kg to progesterone-pretreated rats inhibited dopamine content by an extent similar to that observed with an even higher dose (1 g/kg) in naïve rats. The administration of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride (25 mg/kg, subcutaneous), together with progesterone, prevented the effects of the latter, both on the cortical concentration of 3alpha,5alpha-TH PROG and on the modulation by ethanol of dopamine content. These data suggest that 3alpha,5alpha-TH PROG contributes to the action of ethanol on the mesocortical dopaminergic system. They also suggest that physiological fluctuations in the brain concentrations of neuroactive steroids associated with the oestrous cycle, menopause, pregnancy and stress may alter the response of mesocortical dopaminergic neurons to ethanol.
FAB: enterprise storage systems on a shoestring (2003)

A Federated Array of Bricks (FAB) is a logical disk system that provides the reliability and performance of enterprise-class disk arrays, at a fraction of the cost and with better scalability. The unit of deployment in FAB is a brick, a small rack-mounted storage appliance built from commodity components including disks, a CPU, NVRAM, and network cards. Bricks federate themselves in a completely decentralized manner to provide users with a set of logical volumes. This paper motivates FAB and introduces our data replication algorithm based on majority-voting. We argue that majority voting is practical for ultra-reliable, high-throughput storage systems like FAB, and present several techniques that improve both the performance and space overhead of our protocol.
Comparative Study of Dodecanethiol-Derivatized Silver Nanoparticles Prepared in One-Phase and Two-Phase Systems (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTComparative Study of Dodecanethiol-Derivatized Silver Nanoparticles Prepared in One-Phase and Two-Phase SystemsSo Young Kang and Kwan KimView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Catalysis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Cite this: Langmuir 1998, 14, 1, 226–230Publication Date (Web):January 6, 1998Publication History Received30 June 1997Revised16 October 1997Published online6 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/la970696iCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2013Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (154 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Ethanol,Metal clusters,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Silver Get e-Alerts
Bedtime and evening light exposure influence circadian timing in preschool-age children: A field study (2016)

Light exposure and sleep timing are two factors that influence inter-individual variability in the timing of the human circadian clock. The aim of this study was to quantify the degree to which evening light exposure predicts variance in circadian timing over and above bedtime alone in preschool children. Participants were 21 children ages 4.5-5.0 years (4.7 ± 0.2 years; 9 females). Children followed their typical sleep schedules for 4 days during which time they wore a wrist actigraph to assess sleep timing and a pendant light meter to measure minute-by-minute illuminance levels in lux. On the 5th day, children participated in an in-home dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) assessment. Light exposure in the 2 h before bedtime was averaged and aggregated across the 4 nights preceding the DLMO assessment. Mean DLMO and bedtime were 19:22 ± 01:04 and 20:07 ± 00:46, respectively. Average evening light exposure was 710.1 ± 1418.2 lux. Children with later bedtimes (lights-off time) had more delayed melatonin onset times (<i>r</i>=0.61, <i>p</i>=0.002). Evening light exposure was not independently associated with DLMO (<i>r</i>=0.32, <i>p</i>=0.08); however, a partial correlation between evening light exposure and DLMO when controlling for bedtime yielded a positive correlation (<i>r</i>=0.46, <i>p</i>=0.02). Bedtime explained 37.3% of the variance in the timing of DLMO, and evening light exposure accounted for an additional 13.3% of the variance. These findings represent an important step in understanding factors that influence circadian phase in preschool-age children and have implications for understanding a modifiable pathway that may underlie late sleep timing and the development of evening settling problems in early childhood.
Deferoxamine Mitigates Radiation-Induced Tissue Injury in a Rat Irradiated TRAM Flap Model (2015)

Deferoxamine appears to mitigate radiation-induced hypovascularity and improve tissue elasticity in a rat model of soft-tissue reconstruction.
Growth-promoting Effects ofN-Acetylneuraminic Acid-containing Substances on Bifidobacteria (1994)

The use of N-acetylneuraminic acid, sialyl-lactose, and glyco-macropeptide by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and their growth-promoting effects on B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, and B. infantis were investigated. The data presented here suggest that fortification with N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing substances of infant formula may provide formula-fed infants with a function that human milk possesses.
Xylanase and Acetyl Xylan Esterase Activities of XynA, a Key Subunit of the Clostridium cellulovorans Cellulosome for Xylan Degradation (2002)

The Clostridium cellulovorans xynA gene encodes the cellulosomal endo-1,4-beta-xylanase XynA, which consists of a family 11 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain (CD), a dockerin domain, and a NodB domain. The recombinant acetyl xylan esterase (rNodB) encoded by the NodB domain exhibited broad substrate specificity and released acetate not only from acetylated xylan but also from other acetylated substrates. rNodB acted synergistically with the xylanase CD of XynA for hydrolysis of acetylated xylan. Immunological analyses revealed that XynA corresponds to a major xylanase in the cellulosomal fraction. These results indicate that XynA is a key enzymatic subunit for xylan degradation in C. cellulovorans.
<title>Mechanical properties of dielectric elastomer actuators with smart metallic compliant electrodes</title> (2002)

Dielectric elastomer actuator technology is based on electric field induced deformation. From the viewpoint of materials technology, many points must be addressed, among which are material dielectric properties, breakdown voltage, viscoelastic losses and elastomer spring mechanical properties. From the viewpoint of actuator manufacturing, we will mention elastomer thin film and fiber processing as well as compliant electrode design. However, among all the previously mentioned key-points, compliant electrode design remains the major problem to solve, as electrodes required to distribute the electric field in the material need to be at least as compliant as the active elastomer material. In this paper, we present the analysis of dielectric elastomer-based actuators made with metallic compliant electrodes that show a relatively good overall mechanical performance. Large displacements, force densities and low creep, as well as fast response and million cycles are achieved using micro-structuring and thin-film techniques. We have succeeded in making smart anisotropic compliant metallic electrodes that can maintain conductivity up to 33% expansion before breaking and loosing electrical connectivity. Actuators are made with a silicone elastomer as the active material and silver as coating electrodes. The spring constant of a 3-layer actuator consisting of silver electrodes with a thickness up to 1100 A and elastomer film with a thickness up to 50 micrometers is typically 2 times larger than that of the elastomer film taken alone. Force-displacement and constant load measurements are used as a basis to analyze the mechanical properties of the artificial muscle. Capacity measurements at high frequency in the kilohertz range are carried out to study the built-in sensor properties for feedback control of the actuator.
A Simple γ-Backbone Modification Preorganizes Peptide Nucleic Acid into a Helical Structure (2006)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analogue of DNA and RNA, developed more than a decade ago in which the naturally occurring sugar phosphate backbone has been replaced by the N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine units. Unlike DNA or RNA in the unhybridized state (single strand) which can adopt a helical structure through base-stacking, although highly flexible, PNA does not have a well-defined conformational folding in solution. Herein, we show that a simple backbone modification at the gamma-position of the N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine unit can transform a randomly folded PNA into a helical structure. Spectroscopic studies showed that helical induction occurs in the C- to N-terminal direction and is sterically driven. This finding has important implication not only on the future design of nucleic acid mimics but also on the design of novel materials, where molecular organization and efficient electronic coupling are desired.