gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Power and High Efficiency Yb:YAG Ceramic Laser at Room Temperature (2010)

Ceramic laser media fabricated by vacuum sintering (Ikesue et al., 1995), (Ikesue et al., 1996), and nanocrystalline (Lu et al., 2000) technology are very attractive materials because they have several remarkable advantages compared with single crystal laser materials. Ceramic samples with a large size can be easily fabricated, whereas this is extremely difficult for single crystals; multiplayer and multifunctional ceramic laser materials are possible because of the polycrystallinity of ceramics (Taira, 2007). Potentially, because of their short fabrication period and because they can be mass-produced, the cost of ceramic laser materials could be much lower than that of single crystals. Furthermore, no complex facilities and critical techniques are required for the growth of ceramics. Since 1995, Ikesue and coworkers have been developing several types of ceramic laser material (Ikesue et al., 1995), (Ikesue et al., 1996), and they found in 2000 that the output power from a 3.4 at.% Nd:YAG ceramic microchip laser is twice that from a Nd:YAG crystal microchip laser of the same size (Shoji et al., 2000). At a low doping concentration, it was found that the efficiency of a diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic laser is even higher than that of a Nd:YAG single crystal laser. Since 1998, Yanagitani and coworkers have been developing several types of ceramic lasers, and Lu et al. reported the Nd:YAG ceramic laser as one of them in 2001 (Lu et al., 2001). The mechanical properties of YAG ceramics were reported by Kaminskii et al. in ref. (Kaminskii et al., 2003). YAG ceramics had a 10% higher hardness than a YAG single crystal, and the fracture toughness of the YAG ceramics was more than threefold that of the YAG single crystal. Therefore, the ceramics had a higher resistance to thermal shock than the single crystal. Ytterbium (Yb
Interaction with glycosaminoglycans is required for cyclophilin B to trigger integrin-mediated adhesion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix (2002)

Cyclophilins A and B (CyPA and CyPB) are cyclosporin A-binding proteins that are involved in inflammatory events. We have reported that CyPB interacts with two types of cell-surface-binding sites. The first site corresponds to a functional receptor and requires interaction with the central core of CyPB. This region is highly conserved in cyclophilins, suggesting that CyPA and CyPB might share biological activities mediated by interaction with this receptor. The second site is identified with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the binding region located in the N terminus of CyPB. The difference in the N-terminal extensions of CyPA and CyPB suggests that a unique interaction with GAGs might account for selective activity of CyPB. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the lymphocyte responses triggered by CyPA, CyPB, and CyPB(KKK-), a mutant unable to interact with GAGs. The three ligands seemed capable enough to elicit calcium signal and chemotaxis by binding to the same signaling receptor. In contrast, only CyPB enhanced firm adhesion of T cells to the extracellular matrix. This activity depended on the interactions with GAGs and signaling receptor. CyPB-mediated adhesion required CD147 presumably because it was a costimulatory molecule and was related to an activation of alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins. Finally, we showed that CyPB was capable mainly to enhance T cell adhesion of the CD4+CD45RO+ subset. The present data indicate that CyPB rather than CyPA is a proinflammatory factor for T lymphocytes and highlight the crucial role of CyPB-GAG interaction in the chemokine-like activity of this protein.
Intramolecular Delayed Fluorescence as a Tool for Imaging Science:  Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a First-Generation Emitter (2007)

The synthesis of a molecular dyad comprising two pyrene-based terminals covalently linked via a Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine is described. The dyad is sufficiently flexible to allow the end groups to approach each other in fluid solution, as is evident from the appearance of excimer fluorescence. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that both intra- and intermolecular triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) takes place at modest laser intensities and leads to delayed fluorescence. The spectral distribution of the delayed fluorescence signal matches that of the excimer. The kinetics of TTA and the overall yield of delayed fluorescence are considered in terms of the molecule adopting disparate conformations that interconvert slowly. Consideration is also given to the possible application of such delayed fluorescence in imaging technology.
Common dysregulation of Wnt/Frizzled receptor elements in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

Dysregulation of growth factors and their receptors is central to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously demonstrated that the Frizzled-7 membrane receptor mediating the Wnt signalling can activate the beta-catenin pathway and promotes malignancy in human hepatitis B virus-related HCCs. Expression patterns of all the 10 Frizzled receptors, and their extracellular soluble autoparacrine regulators (19 Wnt activators and 4 sFRP inhibitors) were assessed by real-time RT-PCR in 62 human HCC of different etiologies and their matched peritumorous areas. Immunostaining was performed to localise Frizzled on cell types in liver tissues. Regulation of three known Frizzled-dependent pathways (beta-catenin, protein kinase C, and C-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase) was measured in tissues by western blot. We found that eight Frizzled-potentially activating events were pleiotropically dysregulated in 95% HCC and 68% peritumours as compared to normal livers (upregulations of Frizzled-3/6/7 and Wnt3/4/5a, or downregulation of sFRP1/5), accumulating gradually with severity of fibrosis in peritumours and loss of differentiation status in tumours. The hepatocytes supported the Wnt/Frizzled signalling since specifically overexpressing Frizzled receptors in liver tissues. Dysregulation of the eight Frizzled-potentially activating events was associated with differential activation of the three known Frizzled-dependent pathways. This study provides an extensive analysis of the Wnt/Frizzled receptor elements and reveals that the dysregulation may be one of the most common and earliest events described thus far during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Intercellular Interactomics of Human Brain Endothelial Cells and Th17 Lymphocytes: A Novel Strategy for Identifying Therapeutic Targets of CNS Inflammation (2011)

Leukocyte infiltration across an activated brain endothelium contributes to the neuroinflammation seen in many neurological disorders. Recent evidence shows that IL-17-producing T-lymphocytes (e.g., Th17 cells) possess brain-homing capability and contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. The leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium is a highly regulated, multistep process involving intercellular communications and interactions between the leukocytes and endothelial cells. The molecules involved in the process are attractive therapeutic targets for inhibiting leukocyte brain migration. We hypothesized and have been successful in demonstrating that molecules of potential therapeutic significance involved in Th17-brain endothelial cell (BEC) communications and interactions can be discovered through the combination of advanced membrane/submembrane proteomic and interactomic methods. We describe elements of this strategy and preliminary results obtained in method and approach development. The Th17-BEC interaction network provides new insights into the complexity of the transmigration process mediated by well-organized, subcellularly localized molecular interactions. These molecules and interactions are potential diagnostic, therapeutic, or theranostic targets for treatment of neurological conditions accompanied or caused by leukocyte infiltration.
The Aetiology of Diabetic Neuropathy: the Combined Roles of Metabolic and Vascular Defects (1995)

A combination of metabolic and vascular defects have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Animal studies have demonstrated that a reduction in nerve blood flow may be an important early defect and that vasodilators can prevent or ameliorate nerve dysfunction. The potential factors contributing to nerve ischaemia include structural defects in the endoneurial microvasculature together with rheological abnormalities, abnormalities in vasoactive agents which regulate nerve blood flow including nitric oxide and the eicosanoids, and alterations in tone of the autonomic innervation of the nerve vasculature. The principle metabolic defects which have been implicated include disruption of the polyol pathway, altered lipid metabolism, advanced glycosylated end-product formation, increased oxidative stress, and diabetes-induced defects in growth factors. The demonstration that activation of the polyol pathway in experimental diabetes may affect nerve blood flow, and conversely that vasoactive agents appear to be important in regulating some aspects of nerve metabolism, has highlighted the interdependence of the metabolic and vascular defects in the pathogenesis of this condition. Thus, selective intervention aimed at a key defect early in this cascade may subsequently correct a number of later abnormalities offering therapeutic hope in this chronic debilitating complication.
Effect of metal halides on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polypyromellitimide films (1986)

Abstract This paper describes the effect of metal halides (Co 2+ , Sn 2+ , and Hg 2+ ) on the properties of polyimides. Low temperature, solution polycondensation reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether was used for preparation of a poly(amide‐acid) solution in dimethylformamide ([η] = 2.0 dL/g). Films containing 1% (w/w) of cobalt (II) chloride, tin (II) chloride, and mercury (II) chloride were prepared by solution casting of poly(amide‐acid) from the DMF solution. Cyclodehydration to polyimide was done by heating the films in nitrogen atmosphere for one hour each at 100°, 200°, and 250°C. The color of the films depended on the dopant and was yellow (HgCl 2 or SnCl 2 ) or green (CoCl 2 ) Higher percentage weight loss was observed in doped films in nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 250–400°C. No significant difference in thermal behavior of doped and undoped films was observed above 500°C. Doping reduced the tensile strength of polyimide films, maximum reduction was observed in CoCl 2 ‐doped film. The electrical conductivity of polyimide films as a function of temperature and field was studied. Undoped polyimide showed ohmic behavior up to 150°C. In doped films at lower voltages Poole‐Frenkel mechanism was operative, while at high voltages Richardson‐Schottky's mechanism was operative. Dielectric relaxation in polyimide films was also studied.
Core/Shell Quantum Dots with High Relaxivity and Photoluminescence for Multimodality Imaging (2007)

A series of core/shell CdSe/Zn1-xMnxS nanoparticles were synthesized for use in dual-mode optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques. Mn2+ content was in the range of 0.6-6.2% and varies with the thickness of the shell or amount of Mn2+ introduced to the reaction. These materials showed high quantum yield (QY), reaching 60% in organic solvent. Water-soluble nanoparticles were obtained by capping the core/shell particles with amphiphilic polymer, and the QY values in water reached 21%. These materials also demonstrated high relaxivity with r1 values in the range of 11-18 mM-1 s-1 (at room temperature, 7 T). Both optical and MR imaging were performed on nanoparticles in aqueous solution and applied to cells in culture. The results showed that the QY and manganese concentration in the particles was sufficient to produce contrast for both modalities at relatively low concentrations of nanoparticles.
Endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases (2002)

The endoplasmic reticulum represents the cell's quality control site for accurate folding of secretory and membrane proteins. Quality control is achieved through the association of ER chaperones with unfolded or misfolded polypeptide chains. In the ER stress response, upregulation of chaperones occurs as a consequence of misfolded proteins accumulating in the ER lumen; if these proteins fail to assume their native structure, they are retained in the ER and targeted for degradation by the proteasome. ER storage diseases (ERSDs) are a group of genetically based disorders in which mutant proteins fail to pass the ER quality control. Because all eukaryotic cells contain the ER, the clinical phenotype of ERSDs is very heterogeneous. Disease may result from the mere lack of the mutant protein in question and/or may be caused indirectly by toxic effects of the misfolded protein or aggregates thereof on the cell. Additionally, the cell's reaction to the ER stress may include signaling pathways which are ultimately detrimental. Experimentally, ERSDs serve as models to study the cellular reactions to a variety of perturbations. In particular, understanding the links between ER stress and cell degeneration may give valuable insights into the pathogenesis of other diseases where the accumulation of indigestible toxic material leads to cell injury.
Platelet Adhesion to Native Type I Collagen Fibrils (1998)

Three glycoproteins (GPs), namely GPIa-IIa, GPVI, and GPIV, have been recently implicated in platelet-collagen adhesive interactions. We have employed antibodies to these GPs to investigate further their role in platelet adhesion to immobilized monomeric and polymeric fibrillar collagen under static conditions in the presence and the absence of Mg2+. In the presence of Mg2+, each antibody inhibited platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen from 70 to 85%, especially during the early phase (<15 min), but the inhibitory effects diminished dramatically to 25% or less by 60 min. Combination of anti-GPVI with anti-GPIa-IIa antibodies completely inhibited platelet adhesion at 60 min. Anti-GPIV and anti-GPIa-IIa or anti-GPVI antibodies in combinations were more effective in inhibiting adhesion than was anti-GPIa-IIa or anti-GPVI alone. In the absence of Mg2+, anti-GPVI completely inhibited adhesion at 60 min, while anti-GPIV antibody inhibited adhesion by about 50% and minimal effects were seen with anti-GPIa-IIa, suggesting that GPIa-IIa does not play a significant role in the divalent cation-independent platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrillar collagen. Under either divalent cation-dependent or -independent conditions, platelets adhered to fibrillar collagen were able to secrete contents of both alpha-granules and dense granules and generate thromboxane A2 (TXA2), but platelets adhering to acid soluble monomeric collagen neither secreted their granular contents nor generated TXA2. Although anti-GPVI antibodies were not able to inhibit Mg2+-dependent adhesion, they completely inhibited TXA2 generation under both divalent cation-dependent and -independent conditions. With the other antibodies, TXA2 generation corresponded with the amount of adhesion observed. These results suggest that GPVI is directly associated with the TXA2 generating system during platelet-collagen interaction.
Expression of xenobiotic and steroid hormone metabolizing enzymes in human breast carcinomas (2006)

The potential to metabolize endogenous and exogenous substances may influence breast cancer development and tumor growth. Therefore, the authors investigated the protein expression of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms and cytochrome P450 (CYP) known to be involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and endogenous as well as exogenous carcinogens in breast cancer tissue to obtain new information on their possible role in tumor progression. Expression of GST pi, mu, alpha and CYP1A1/2, 1A2, 3A4/5, 1B1, 2E1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry for primary breast carcinomas of 393 patients from the German GENICA breast cancer collection. The percentages of positive tumors were 50.1 and 44.5% for GST mu and CYP2E1, and ranged from 13 to 24.7% for CYP1A2, GST pi, CYP1A1/2, CYP3A4/5, CYP1B1. GST alpha was expressed in 1.8% of tumors. The authors observed the following associations between strong protein expression and histopathological characteristics: GST expression was associated with a better tumor differentiation (GST mu, p = 0.018) and with reduced lymph node metastasis (GST pi, p = 0.02). In addition, GST mu expression was associated with a positive estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status (p < 0.001). CYP3A4/5 expression was associated with a positive nodal status (p = 0.018). Expression of CYP1B1 was associated with poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.049). Our results demonstrate that the majority of breast carcinomas expressed xenobiotic and drug metabolizing enzymes. They particularly suggest that GST mu and pi expression may indicate a better prognosis and that strong CYP3A4/5 and CYP1B1 expression may be key features of nonfavourable prognosis.
A PLAN FOR INFLUENCING TEENAGE DRINKING DRIVERS (1980)

In a joint American Medical Association/American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators project, a three and one-half minute film was developed (under Distilled Spirits Council sponsorship) relating minimum facts needed by teenagers to make intelligent decisions about drinking. When the knowledge test scores of high school driver education students were compared with those of a control group (knowledge base), the teenagers who had seen the film had significantly higher scores than those who had not, on tests made immediately after film presentation and four months later. A quiz with reinforcing questions resulted in better knowledge retention. Students scored well on questions related to time as a sobering factor, overall effect of alcohol on the body, the national speed limit, and the alcohol content of beer vs. whiskey. Questions with poor score results were related to the depressant effect of alcohol, blood alcohol levels, body weight and alcohol effect, value of drinking experience, fatigue and intoxication, and alcohol involvement in traffic accidents. It was learned that materials based on a risk factor theme are more effective, as well as those that avoid both preaching and violation of the law angles. The project also evaluated the alcohol education content of state driver manuals. Of 33 manuals with some educational material, only seven were judged good. State manuals covering other drugs and additional alcohol educational materials were also identified. Information from these phases of the project will be used for development of material for driver manuals.
Gel-free multiplexed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for large-scale DNA methylation profiling (2012)

Sequencing-based approaches have led to new insights about DNA methylation. While many different techniques for genome-scale mapping of DNA methylation have been employed, throughput has been a key limitation for most. To further facilitate the mapping of DNA methylation, we describe a protocol for gel-free multiplexed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (mRRBS) that reduces the workload dramatically and enables processing of 96 or more samples per week. mRRBS achieves similar CpG coverage to the original RRBS protocol, while the higher throughput and lower cost make it better suited for large-scale DNA methylation mapping studies, including cohorts of cancer samples.
The Protective Effects of Rutaecarpine on Gastric Mucosa Injury in Rats (2005)

Previous investigations have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) protects gastric mucosa against injury induced by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and that rutaecarpine activates vanilloid receptors to evoke CGRP release. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of rutaecarpine on gastric mucosa injury, and explored whether the protective effects of rutaecarpine are related to stimulation of endogenous CGRP release via activating vanilloid receptors in rats. In an ASA-induced ulceration model, gastric mucosal ulcer index, pH value of gastric juice and plasma concentrations of CGRP were determined. ASA significantly increased the gastric mucosal ulcer index and the back-diffusion of H+ through the mucosa. Rutaecarpine at the doses of 100 or 300 microg/kg (i.v.), and 300 or 600 microg/kg (intragastric, i.g.) reduced the ulcer index and back-diffusion of H+, which was abolished by pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c.) or capsazepine (3 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive vanilloid receptor antagonist. Rutaecarpine significantly increased the plasma concentration of CGRP, which was also abolished by capsazepine. In a stress-induced ulceration model, rutaecarpine reduced gastric mucosal damages, which was abolished by capsazepine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that rutaecarpine protects the gastric mucosa against injury induced by ASA and stress, and that the gastroprotective effect of rutaecarpine is related to a stimulation of endogenous CGRP release via activation of the vanilloid receptor.
Efficiently linking text documents with relevant structured information (2006)

Faced with growing knowledge management needs, enterprises are increasingly realizing the importance of interlinking critical business information distributed across structured and unstructured data sources. We present a novel system, called EROCS, for linking a given text document with relevant structured data. EROCS views the structured data as a predefined set of and identifies the entities that best match the given document. EROCS also embeds the identified entities in the document, effectively creating links between the structured data and segments within the document. Unlike prior approaches, EROCS identifies such links even when the relevant entity is not explicitly mentioned in the document. EROCS uses an efficient algorithm that performs this task keeping the amount of information retrieved from the database at a minimum. Our evaluation shows that EROCS achieves high accuracy with reasonable overheads.
Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:  An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes (2002)

New approaches to synthesize photostable thiol-capped CdTe nanocrystals are reported. Post-preparative size-selective precipitation and selective photochemical etching have been developed as methods providing an increase of photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the nanocrystals of up to 40%. Some advantages of thiol-capping in comparison to conventional organometallic syntheses of quantum dots are discussed.
Cytokeratin-18 Fragment Levels as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2009)

Determination of CK-18 fragments in the blood predicts histological NASH and severity of disease in a large, diverse population of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, supporting the potential usefulness of this test in clinical practice.