gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sentiment-based search in digital libraries (2005)

Several researchers have developed tools for classifying/ clustering Web search results into different topic areas (such as sports, movies, travel, etc.), and to help users identify relevant results quickly in the area of interest. This study follows a similar approach, but is in the area of sentiment classification -- automatically classifying on-line review documents according to the overall sentiment expressed in them. This paper presents a prototype system that has been developed to perform sentiment categorization of Web search results. It assists users to quickly focus on recommended (or non-recommended) information by classifying Web search results into four categories: positive, negative, neutral, and non-review documents, by using an automatic classifier based on a supervised machine learning algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Roles of Extracellular Matrix in Neural Development (1983)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
The detection of low‐intensity peaks in energy dispersive x‐ray spectra from particles (1998)

Abstract A critical step in the processing of energy dispersive (EDS) x‐ray spectra from the automated scanning electron microscopy (ASEM) analysis of particles is the detection and identification of elemental peaks. Since there are often several hundred to several thousand spectra for each ASEM analysis, it is important that this step operate rapidly and with a minimum of interaction between analyst and the program. For peaks with large peak‐to‐background (P/B) ratios, most peak‐find or peak‐fitting methods do a reasonable job even when the spectra have low signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios. The detection of peaks with small P/B ratios is much more problematical. Peak identification and fitting procedures may not work well on low‐intensity peaks, particularly in spectra with low S/N ratios. In this study, three procedures for identifying x‐ray peaks, with small P/B ratios in spectra with varying S/N ratios, were evaluated. The first procedure was the identification of peaks by human analysts. The results from the analysts were then used to set a benchmark for the performance of two computer‐based procedures that included three different qualitative peak identification methods, and one quantitative analysis procedure. The success of the qualitative methods in finding small peaks varied widely. In general, the quantitative analysis procedure performed as well as the best human analysts and was better than the qualitative methods.
Effects of pharyngeal lubrication on the opening of obstructed upper airway (1992)

We examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant (Surfactant T-A) on the opening of obstructed upper airway in nine anesthetized supine dogs. The upper airway was isolated from the lower airway by transecting the cervical trachea. Upper airway obstruction was induced by applying constant negative pressures (5, 10, 20, and 30 cmH2O) on the rostral cut end of the trachea. Peripheral cut ends of the hypoglossal nerves were electrically stimulated by square-wave pulses at various frequencies from 10 to 30 Hz (0.2-ms duration, 5-7 V), and the critical stimulating frequency necessary for opening the obstructed upper airway was measured at each driving pressure before and after pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant. The critical stimulation frequency for upper airway opening significantly increased as upper airway pressure became more negative and significantly decreased with lubrication of the upper airway. These findings suggest that greater muscle tone of the genioglossus is needed to open the occluded upper airway with larger negative intraluminal pressure and that lubrication of the pharyngeal mucosa with artificial surfactant facilitates reopening of the upper airway.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SINTERED CdSxSe1-x FILMS (2008)

CdSxSe1-x films of different composition were prepared by the slurry coating technique on titanium substrates. Powders of different composition synthesized in the laboratory were used for the film preparation. The films were sintered in argon atmosphere for 20 min in the temperature range 450 - 550°C. X-ray diffraction pattern of the films exhibited hexagonal structure. The optical bandgap estimated from the reflectance measurements was in the range of 1.72 eV - 2.44 eV. Hot probe measurements indicated the films to exhibit n-type conductivity. Indium ohmic contact was vacuum evaporated on the sides of the films for in plane resistivity measurements and on the top of the film surface for cross plane resistivity measurements. Surface morphology of then films as well as the powders was studied by atomic force microscopy. The II-VI binary semiconducting compounds, belonging to the cadmium chalcogenide family (CdS, CdTe, CdSe), are considered to be very important materials for a wide spectrum of optoelectronic applications as having specific physical properties such as direct band-gap widths, high absorption coefficients in the visible and infrared part of the solar spectrum, good electrical properties (e.g. carrier mobility and lifetime) and increased capability in obtaining adjustable n- or p-type conductivity by doping. Particularly, the visible and near infrared, direct band-gaps of CdSe (1.75 eV and CdS (2.44 eV) respectively, make them candidates for the conversion of low energy light into electricity. Moreover, homogeneous alloys formed over the entire composition range by combination of these compounds allow the production of very interesting ternary CdSxSe1-x (0 I< x< 1) systems. Earlier publications on preparation of CdSe, CdS and CdSSe powders were mostly based on sintering technique at high temperatures. Moreover, different compositions of CdSe and CdS in CdSxSe1-x powders were prepared by the fusion of CdS and CdSe in argon atmosphere at high temperature. The films prepared by the material obtained by sintering method show a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases and the desired uniformity in distribution of CdS and CdSe was not achieved throughout the samples. Very few reports on the preparation of II-VI material by low temperature synthesis are available in the literature. In this investigation, a novel procedure has been developed by a low temperature wet chemical method for the preparation of CdSSe powders. By using the prepared powders, thin films were prepared by the screen printing technique. Earlier reports have screen printed CdSSe films from a mixture of CdS and CdSe powders(1,2). To our knowledge this is the first report on screen-printing CdSxSe1-x films using the synthesized CdSxSe1- x powders. The electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties of the films have been studied in this work.
AIRWAY RESPONSES TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS (1985)

Airway, cardiovascular and metabolic responses were measured in six normal subjects during separate infusions of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Four incremental infusion rates of the catecholamines (4, 10, 25 and 62.5 ng X kg-1 X min-1) produced circulating levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline within the physiological range. Maximal expiratory flow rates at 25% of vital capacity measured from partial flow-volume curves increased sequentially with increasing adrenaline concentration. Increases in maximal expiratory flow rates at 25% and 50% of vital capacity measured from complete flow-volume curves were not statistically significant, nor were the changes in specific conductance. Small but insignificant changes were observed in heart rate and blood pressure during adrenaline infusion. Plasma glucose increased and serum potassium fell during adrenaline infusion. No significant airway, cardiovascular or metabolic responses were seen during noradrenaline infusion. These results suggest that adrenaline, at concentrations found in physiological circumstances, influences flow rates in small airways. Circulating noradrenaline does not appear to be important in the control of airway calibre in normal subjects.
Triangular Nanoplates of Silver: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Sacrificial Templates For Generating Triangular Nanorings of Gold (2003)

Triangular nanoplates of silver are prepared by irradiating aqueous dispersions of spherical silver colloids with visible light in the presence of both poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and sodium citrate. These silver nanoplates serve as sacrificial templates to generate triangular rings of gold (see transmission electron microscopy images in Figure) through a galvanic displacement reaction between silver and aqueous HAuCl 4 solutions.
Early knee motion after open and arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1987)

The hypothesis proposed in this study was that the initiation of active and passive knee motion within 48 hours of major intraarticular knee ligament surgery would not have the deleterious effects of increasing knee effusion, hemarthrosis, periarticular soft tissue edema, and swelling. We conducted a prospective study with randomized assignment of 18 patients into two groups: 9 patients in the "motion" group began 10 hours of daily continuous passive motion (CPM) on the 2nd postoperative day, while the remaining 9 in the "delayed motion" group used a soft hinged knee brace with knee hinges locked at 10 degrees of flexion and entered into the motion program on the 7th postoperative day. All knees were allowed full 0 degrees to 90 degrees of motion except for a total of seven knees with concomitant mensicus repairs and extraarticular reconstructions where 20 degrees to 90 degrees of motion was allowed, limiting the last 20 degrees of knee extension for the first 4 postoperative weeks to protect the repair. In all other respects, the rehabilitation program after surgery was the same for the two groups, including postoperative compression dressings, exercises, and weight-bearing status. Ten of the eighteen patients had acute ACL disruptions and 8 had chronic ACL insufficiencies. There was an even distribution of acute and chronic knee cases and of open and arthroscopic ligament procedures in the early and delayed motion groups. Associated surgery included four meniscus repairs, three medial collateral ligament repairs, and one lateral collateral ligament repair. Special suturing and fixation techniques were used at surgery to maintain the integrity of ligament and meniscus structures, allowing the surgeon to feel safe in subjecting the joint to early postoperative motion. The objective parameters measured were KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, Cybex isokinetic testing, girth measurements at four lower limb locations, range of motion goniometer measurements, postoperative pain medications, and days of hospitalization. Starting intermittent passive motion on the 2nd postoperative day did not increase joint effusion, hemarthrosis, or soft tissue swelling. In both motion groups, postoperative joint effusions were absent after the 14th postoperative day. There was no statistically significant difference in knee extension or flexion limits, pain medication used, or hospital stay in comparing the two knee motion programs. An important finding of this study was the significant decreases in thigh circumference that occurred within the first few weeks of surgery, which progressed despite a closely supervised inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ofatumumab (2009)

Ofatumumab is an anti-CD20 IgG1kappa human monoclonal antibody that is being considered by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for marketing approval as a treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The mAb is also being studied as a treatment for lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The candidate targets the same antigen as rituximab, but ofatumumab binds a novel, membrane-proximal epitope, and dissociates from its target at a slower rate compared to rituximab. Ofatumumab might be approved in the US by August 2009.
A robust SARS-CoV-2 replication model in primary human epithelial cells at the air liquid interface to assess antiviral agents (2021)

There are, besides remdesivir, no approved antivirals for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. To aid in the search for antivirals against this virus, we explored the use of human tracheal airway epithelial cells (HtAEC) and human small airway epithelial cells (HsAEC) grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI). These cultures were infected at the apical side with one of two different SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Each virus was shown to replicate to high titers for extended periods of time (at least 8 days) and, in particular an isolate with the D614G in the spike (S) protein did so more efficiently at 35 °C than 37 °C. The effect of a selected panel of reference drugs that were added to the culture medium at the basolateral side of the system was explored. Remdesivir, GS-441524 (the parent nucleoside of remdesivir), EIDD-1931 (the parent nucleoside of molnupiravir) and IFN (β1 and λ1) all resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of viral RNA and infectious virus titers collected at the apical side. However, AT-511 (the free base form of AT-527 currently in clinical testing) failed to inhibit viral replication in these in vitro primary cell models. Together, these results provide a reference for further studies aimed at selecting SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for further preclinical and clinical development.
Magnetic Relaxation Switch Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (2007)

Functionalized nanoparticle contrast agents, also known as magnetic relaxation switches (MRS), were prepared to detect protein A and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG-beta). Antibodies were attached to cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles using standard peptide chemistry. Protein A was used as a simple model analyte, as it is naturally multivalent and can bind multiple CLIO-IgG simultaneously. The addition of PA to CLIO-IgG resulted in transverse relaxation time (T2) shortening compared to a blank control as seen by NMR relaxometry measurements. Analyte-induced aggregation was confirmed by light scattering particle size analysis. A two-particle system was designed to measure hCG-beta, as it is not multivalent and requires conjugation of a matched pair of monoclonal antibodies to CLIO (referred to as C95 and C97). Measurement of hCG-beta is important, as elevated serum levels are associated with malignancies including testicular and ovarian cancers. The addition of hCG-beta to C95 and C97 resulted in T2 shortening with a linear dynamic concentration range of 0.1 to 1 molecules of analyte per nanoparticle. Similar data were obtained for the hCG dimer. Observations with higher stoichiometric ratios of analyte to nanoparticle and increased nanoparticle valency were also made. This method can potentially be adapted to detect other biomarkers in solution.
A maternal factor, OZ-1, activates embryonic transcription of the Xenopus laevis GS17 gene (1992)

We describe the identification of an enhancer sequence and a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein required for developmental expression of the Xenopus laevis GS17 gene. Using microinjection of recombinant plasmids into fertilized frog eggs, we have shown that a 14 base pair CT-rich sequence element, normally located about 700 bases upstream of the GS17 promoter, is sufficient to activate transcription of a heterologous reporter gene in gastrula stage embryos. This regulatory element has been called the OZ sequence. Sequences closely related to OZ are located in the promoter regions of several other genes expressed during Xenopus development. Extracts prepared from Xenopus embryos show the presence of a DNA-binding factor, OZ-1, that specifically recognizes the OZ sequence. Mutations within the OZ element that abolish OZ-1 binding also abolish enhancer activity. The OZ-1 factor contains at least two proteins of approximate M(r) 76 x 10(3) and 100 x 10(3). The sequence-specific binding activity accumulates during oogenesis and remains present at approximately constant levels throughout early development.
A 90nm CMOS integrated Nano-Photonics technology for 25Gbps WDM optical communications applications (2012)

The first sub-100nm technology that allows the monolithic integration of optical modulators and germanium photodetectors as features into a current 90nm base high-performance logic technology node is demonstrated. The resulting 90nm CMOS-integrated Nano-Photonics technology node is optimized for analog functionality to yield power-efficient single-die multichannel wavelength-mulitplexed 25Gbps transceivers.
Minimax optimization for handling range and setup uncertainties in proton therapy (2011)

Minimax optimization provides robust target coverage without sacrificing the sparing of healthy tissues, even in the presence of low density lung tissue and high density titanium implants. Conventional methods using margins, SFUD, and MO do not utilize the full potential of IMPT and deliver unnecessarily high doses to healthy tissues.
Rosetta Brains: A Strategy for Molecularly-Annotated Connectomics (2014)

We propose a neural connectomics strategy called Fluorescent In-Situ Sequencing of Barcoded Individual Neuronal Connections (FISSEQ-BOINC), leveraging fluorescent in situ nucleic acid sequencing in fixed tissue (FISSEQ). FISSEQ-BOINC exhibits different properties from BOINC, which relies on bulk nucleic acid sequencing. FISSEQ-BOINC could become a scalable approach for mapping whole-mammalian-brain connectomes with rich molecular annotations.
Hypothermia Reduces Brain Edema, Spontaneous Recurrent Seizure Attack, and Learning Memory Deficits in the Kainic Acid Treated Rats (2010)

Hypothermia treatment immediately after SE not only exhibited protective effects against the chronic spontaneous recurrent convulsant seizures but also improved cognitive function. These antiepileptogenic properties of hypothermia may be related to its attenuating effect on brain edema induced by SE. They therefore suggest that brain edema may be involved in the progress of epileptogenesis.
Comparisons between Mammalian and Artificial Olfaction Based on Arrays of Carbon Black−Polymer Composite Vapor Detectors (2004)

Arrays of broadly cross-reactive vapor sensors provide a man-made implementation of an olfactory system, in which an analyte elicits a response from many receptors and each receptor responds to a variety of analytes. Pattern recognition methods are then used to detect analytes based on the collective response of the sensor array. With the use of this architecture, arrays of chemically sensitive resistors made from composites of conductors and insulating organic polymers have been shown to robustly classify, identify, and quantify a diverse collection of organic vapors, even though no individual sensor responds selectively to a particular analyte. The properties and functioning of these arrays are inspired by advances in the understanding of biological olfaction, and in turn, evaluation of the performance of the man-made array provides suggestions regarding some of the fundamental odor detection principles of the mammalian olfactory system.
Epidemiology and Biology of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as an Anti-cancer Molecule (2003)

The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) signaling system plays a central role in cellular growth, differentiation and proliferation. IGFBP-3 is the most abundant IGF binding protein in human serum and has been shown to be a growth inhibitory, apoptosis-inducing molecule, capable of acting via IGF-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms. Over the last decade, several clinical studies have proposed that individuals with IGFBP-3 levels in the upper range of normal may have a decreased risk for certain common cancers. This includes evidence of a protective effect against breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, a series of in vitro studies and animal experiments point towards an important role for IGFBP-3 in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. In this brief review, we discuss the biological role of IGFBP-3 and summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence suggesting a role for IGFBP-3 as an anti-cancer molecule.
Extension of Life-Span with Superoxide Dismutase/Catalase Mimetics (2000)

We tested the theory that reactive oxygen species cause aging. We augmented the natural antioxidant systems of Caenorhabditis elegans with small synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Treatment of wild-type worms increased their mean life-span by a mean of 44 percent, and treatment of prematurely aging worms resulted in normalization of their life-span (a 67 percent increase). It appears that oxidative stress is a major determinant of life-span and that it can be counteracted by pharmacological intervention.
Detection of Metals in the Environment Using a Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Instrument (1996)

A portable instrument, based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), has been developed for the detection of metal contaminants on surfaces. The instrument has a weight of 14.6 kg, fits completely into a small suitcase (46 × 33 × 24 cm), and operates from 115 V ac. The instrument consists of a sampling probe connected to the main analysis unit by electrical and optical cabling. The hand-held probe contains a small laser to generate laser sparks on a surface and a fiber-optic cable to collect the spark light. The collected light is spectrally resolved and detected with the use of a compact spectrograph/CCD detector system. The instrument has been evaluated for the analysis of metals in the environment: Ba, Be, Pb, and Sr in soils; Pb in paint; and Be and Pb particles collected on filters. Detection limits in ppm for metals in soils were 265 (Ba), 9.3 (Be), 298 (Pb), and 42 (Sr). The detection limit for Pb in paint was 0.8% (8000 ppm), corresponding to 0.052 mg/cm 2 . The higher limit obtained for Pb in paint is attributed to the use of the 220.35-nm Pb(II) line instead of the stronger 405.78-nm Pb(I) line used for soils. Spectral interferences prevented use of the 405.78-nm line to determine Pb in paint. The surface detection limit for Be particles on filters was dependent on particle size and ranged from 21 to 63 ng/cm 2 . The detection limit for Pb particles on filters was 5.6 μg/cm 2 .