gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of factor Va and factor VIIIa by activated platelets (1993)

Platelet activation leads to the incorporation of 32[PO4(2-)] into bovine coagulation factor Va and recombinant human factor VIII. In the presence of the soluble fraction from thrombin-activated platelets and (gamma-32P) adenosine triphosphate, radioactivity is incorporated exclusively into the M(r) = 94,000 heavy chain (H94) of factor Va and into the M(r) = 210,000 to 90,000 heavy chains as well into the M(r) = 80,000 light chain of factor VIII. Proteolysis of the purified phosphorylated M(r) = 94,000 factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C (APC) gave products of M(r) = 70,000, 24,000, and 20,000. Only the intermediate M(r) = 24,000 fragment contained radioactivity. Because the difference between the M(r) = 24,000 and M(r) = 20,000 fragments is located on the COOH-terminal end of the bovine heavy chain, phosphorylation of H94 must occur within the M(r) = 4,000 peptide derived from the carboxyl-terminal end of H94 (residues 663 through 713). Exposure of the radioactive factor VIII molecule to thrombin ultimately resulted in a nonradioactive light chain and an M(r) = 24,000 radioactive fragment that corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal segment of the A1 domain of factor VIII. Based on the known sequence of human factor VIII, phosphorylation of factor VIII by the platelet kinase probably occurs within the acidic regions 337 through 372 and 1649 through 1689 of the procofactor. These acidic regions are highly homologous to sequences known to be phosphorylated by casein kinase II. Results obtained using purified casein kinase II gave a maximum observed stoichiometry of 0.6 mol of 32[PO4(2-)]/mol of factor Va heavy chain and 0.35 mol of 32[PO4(2-)]/mol of factor VIII. Phosphoamino acid analysis of phosphorylated factor Va by casein kinase II or by the platelet kinase showed only the presence of phosphoserine while phosphoamino acid analysis of phosphorylated factor VIII by casein kinase II showed the presence of phosphothreonine as well as small amounts of phosphoserine. The platelet kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of the two cofactors was found to be inhibited by several synthetic protein kinase inhibitors. Finally, partially phosphorylated factor Va was found to be more sensitive to APC inactivation than its native counterpart. Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of factors Va and VIIIa by a platelet casein kinase II- like kinase may downregulate the activity of the two cofactors.
Steroidal saponins and alkaloids from the bulbs of lilium brownii var. colchesteri. (1990)

The fresh bulbs of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri were found to contain five steroidal saponins: 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylnuatigenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylnuatigenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)]- beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), brownioside (8), deacylbrownioside (9) and 27-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)isonarthogenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)- beta-D-glucopyranoside (10); and two steroidal alkaloids: beta 1-solamargine (11) and solasodine 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)- beta-D-glucopyranoside (12); along with several phenolic constituents. Compounds 7, 10 and 12 are new naturally-occurring compounds.
Interferometric method for chromatic dispersion measurement in a single-mode optical fiber (1981)

Chromatic dispersion of a single-mode optical fiber only 1 m long is measured by a newly proposed interferometric method. Interference fringes are produced by two laser beams, one transmitting through the fiber and the other through air. Path length shifts in an interferometer for attaining the visibility maximum are measured by varying optical source wavelengths between 818 and 904 nm. Group delay time differences around 1 ps are measured. The measured results are in good agreement with those measured by the conventional pulse method for the identical 1.3 km long fiber.
Retinoic Acid Is Able to Reinitiate Spermatogenesis in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats and High Replicate Doses Support the Full Development of Spermatogenic Cells (1991)

The effect of various doses of retinoic acid (RA) on the seminiferous epithelium in vitamin A-deficient rats has been studied. Although it was generally thought that RA was not able to reinitiate spermatogenesis in vitamin A-deficient rats, one injection of 5 mg RA strongly stimulated the proliferative activity of A-spermatogonia within 24 h, as evidenced by a 7-fold increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled A-spermatogonia. Ten days after RA administration, B-spermatogonia or preleptotene spermatocytes were seen in most of the seminiferous tubules. After 15 days, zygotene spermatocytes were present. Hence, RA is able to induce a massive and synchronized development of A-spermatogonia into spermatocytes. When RA was given once, combined with a RA-containing diet, only few of the zygotene spermatocytes present on day 15 were able to develop into pachytene spermatocytes, which did not develop into spermatids. In subsequent epithelial cycles new B-spermatogonia and spermatocytes were formed, although in lower numbers than during the first cycle after RA injection. When RA was given once a week, the formation of B-spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes continued at a higher level. Also, more pachytene spermatocytes were formed, some of which were able to develop into spermatids. Finally, when RA was injected twice a week, even more pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids were found after 36 days, and after 49 days elongated spermatids were found in all animals. It is concluded that RA, similar to retinol, is able to induce synchronous proliferation and differentiation of A-spermatogonia. When repeated injections are given, RA is able to support the full development of spermatogenic cells into elongated spermatids.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR NEW ADENOVIRUS SEROTYPES ISOLATED FROM CHIMPANZEE TISSUE EXPLANTS (1971)

Basnight, M., Jr. (NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Md. 20014), N. G. Rogers, C. J. Gibbs, Jr. and D. C. Gajdusek. haracterization of four new adenovirus serotypes isolated from chimpanzee tissue explants. Amer J Epidem 94: 166–171, 1971.—Four new latent adenovirus serotypes were isolated from explanted lymph nodes of chimpanzees in the late stages of experimental kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These viruses induced typical adenovirus cytopathology in human embryonic kidney cell cultures and fixed complement in the presence of human adenovirus antiserum. They had the biochemical and physical characteristics of adenoviruses; they propagated better in cell cultures of human than in those of simian origin. They were not neutralized by antisera of known human and simian adenovirus types and were immunologically distinct from each other. The viruses are not believed to be the agents of the experimental kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the chimpanzees from which they were isolated, although these animals developed homologous neutralizing antibodies during the course of their disease. Neutralizing antibodies to these new adenovirus serotypes were also found in normal chimpanzees, but were absent from sera of animal handlers who had been in close contact with the chimpanzees for 1–3 years.
Formation of pyrazine derivatives from D-glucosamine and their deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) strand breakage activity. (1991)

Two pyrazine derivatives [fructosazine (3) and deoxyfructosazine (6)] were simultaneously formed in a solution of D-glucosamine hydrochloride under various conditions. They showed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage activity in plasmid pBR322 comparable to that of D-glucosamine. The DNA strand breakage by fructosazine (3) was stimulated by Cu2+.
Textile-Based Capacitive Sensors for Respiration Monitoring (2008)

Respiration monitoring in everyday life enables the early detection of the diseases and disorders that can suddenly manifest in a life threatening episode. Long-term monitoring can extend the capabilities of healthcare providers if reliability can be achieved economically. In this paper, the potential for using capacitive sensing to serve as an inexpensive method for long-term respiration sensing is explored. This paper proposes new designs of capacitive sensors for respiration sensing and describes the design and fabrication of a prototype textile-based capacitive-sensor respiration belt. Two capacitive sensors were designed and fabricated for detecting chest or abdominal circumference changes of up to 60 mm. These sensors gave good linearity, and the respiration measurements obtained with these new sensors show that they are capable of measuring respiration rate, and possibly lung function parameters.
Poly(ionic liquid)s: a new material with enhanced and fast CO2 absorption (2005)

Novel sorbent and membrane materials for CO2 separation, poly(ionic liquid)s made from ionic liquid monomers, poly[p-vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate](P[VBTMA][BF4]) and poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylamnonium tetrafluoroborate](P[MATMA][BF4]) have absorption capacities 7.6 and 6.0 times of those of room-temperature ionic liquids, e.g.[bmim][BF4], respectively, with reversible and fast sorption and desorption.
Glutaminase‐free asparaginase from vibrio succinogenes: An antilymphoma enzyme lacking hepatotoxicity (1982)

Abstract Successful treatment of neoplastic disease has been impeded by the lack of therapeutic agents which specifically destroy tumor cells. Enzymes which selectively deplete substrates required by tumor cells, but not by normal tissue, could improve therapeutic indices dramatically. Presently, microbial asparaginases are used clinically for treating acute lymphocytic leukemia. While these enzymes should destroy neoplastic cells and spare normal tissues, their use is accompanied by many toxic effects and immunosuppression. The administration of Escherichia coli or Erwinia carotovora asparaginase depletes circulating glutamine as well as asparagine. It has been suggested that this glutaminase activity may be responsible for the observed toxicities. We have isolated a glutaminase‐free asparaginase from Vibrio succinogenes with potent antilymphoma activity. Previously, we demonstrated that administration of Vibrio asparaginase does not cause the immunosuppression of humoral or cell‐mediated responses associated with treatment by other microbial enzymes. In the present communication we have evaluated the hepatotoxic effects of different asparaginases since liver damage is the major toxicity associated with treatment by these microbial enzymes. BALB/c mice treated with 50 IU of E. coli asparaginase daily for 4 days exhibited diffuse microfatty infiltration within hepatocytes throughout the liver. Cross‐sections of liver from V. succinogenes asparaginase‐treated mice appeared normal as compared to specimens from control animals. Quantitation of the total amount of extractable lipid from the livers of E. coli asparaginase‐treated animals indicated a 45% and 127% increase in lipid concentration as compared to controls after 4 and 5 days of treatment, respectively. The Vibrio enzyme did not cause a change in extractable lipid concentration as compared to control animals. Plasma antithrombin III activity and albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations all decreased in E. coli asparaginase‐treated mice, confirming hepatotoxicity. No modifications in plasma proteins were observed in mice treated with asparaginase from V. succinogenes . The plasma lipids did decrease minimally but only the levels of cholesterol were shown to be statistically significant from those of controls. The data strongly support the concept that specific asparagine depletion is not significantly hepatotoxic. More importantly, the asparaginase from V. succinogenes may serve as a potent antileukemic agent without causing damage to normal tissues.
Graph-based Data Mining on Social Networks (2004)

In this research, we compare and contrast the salient features of illicit group information with legitimate group data. We describe how the graph-based knowledge discovery system, SUBDUE, when run in unsupervised discovery mode, finds structural patterns embedded within social network data. We also illustrate how SUBDUE, in supervised mode, learns distinguishing patterns between legitimate and covert groups, based only on the communication activities of the group members.
The Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2001)

In 1849, Cumming1 said of the irritable bowel syndrome, “The bowels are at one time constipated, another lax, in the same person. How the disease has two such different symptoms I do not profess to explain.” Over the years, the unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome have been described in various terms, including mucous colitis, spastic colitis, nervous colon, and irritable colon. The irritable bowel syndrome and nonulcer dyspepsia are the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders.The irritable bowel syndrome is defined on the basis of the recently modified Rome criteria as the presence for at least 12 . . .
Spectrophotometry & Spectrofluorimetry : a practical approach (2000)

Introduction to light absorption visible and ultraviolet spectra Fluorescence principles and measurement Time resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy An introduction to circular dichroism Quantitative determination of equilibrium binding isotherms for the multiple ligand - macromolecule interactions using spectroscopic methods Steady state kinetics Spectrophotometric assays Stopped flow spectroscopy Stopped flow fluorescence Stopped flow circular dichroism Spectrophotometry and fluorimetry of cellular compartments and intracellular processes Use of optical spectroscopic methods to study the thermodynamic stability of proteins The use of spectroscopic techniques in the study of protein stability.
Erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer: a review (2005)

Erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI-774; Pfizer, Inc.) is an orally-active, targeted inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1), which is part of a key regulatory pathway in cancer. Patients with advanced, incurable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may derive a clinical benefit from first- and second-line chemotherapy, but third-line treatment with available cytotoxic agents is not effective. Remarkably, EGFR/HER1 antagonists have demonstrated activity as second- and even third-line treatment for this disease. Erlotinib is the first of this novel class of drug to demonstrate a statistically significant and clinically relevant difference in overall survival, progression free survival and time to disease related symptoms (cough, pain, shortness of breath) compared with treatment with best supportive care in patients who have failed standard first- or second-line chemotherapy. This paper reviews the pharmacology, preclinical and clinical data to support the use of erlotinib in NSCLC.
Distribution of Heat Production in Aluminum Foil Mills (2003)

The transfer and balance of heat during the cold milling of aluminum foil were analyzed. A viewpoint about them was proposed. The surface temperature of aluminum foil was measured in three ways with different open nozzles. With the combination of theory analysis and experiment, the power of heat absorption of the aluminum foil and the working roll was acquired respectively, and the partition coefficient between the aluminum foil and the working roll was also calculated for the first time. The results show that the partition coefficient of the aluminum foil varies from 0.11 to 0.33, while that of the working roll from 0.67 to 0.89. The partition coefficient of the working roll increases with the cooling ability intensifies.
Self-aligned nanolithography by selective polymer dissolution (2010)

We report a novel approach to the fabrication of self-aligned nanoscale trench structures in a thin polymer layer covering on conductive materials. By passing AC current through a polymer-coated nanowire in the presence of an appropriate solvent, a self-aligned nanotrench is formed in the polymer overlayer as a result of accelerated dissolution while the rest of the device remains covered. Similar results have been achieved for polymer-coated graphene ribbons. Such polymer-protected devices in which only the active component is exposed should find important applications as electrical sensors in aqueous solutions, particularly in cases where parasitic ionic currents often obscure sensing signals.
TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM EFFECTOR PROTEINS: Double Agents in Bacterial Disease and Plant Defense (2004)

Many phytopathogenic bacteria inject virulence effector proteins into plant cells via a Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS). Without the TTSS, these pathogens cannot defeat basal defenses, grow in plants, produce disease lesions in hosts, or elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhosts. Pathogen genome projects employing bioinformatic methods to identify TTSS Hrp regulon promoters and TTSS pathway targeting signals suggest that phytopathogenic Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Ralstonia spp. harbor large arsenals of effectors. The Hrp TTSS employs customized cytoplasmic chaperones, conserved export components in the bacterial envelope (also used by the TTSS of animal pathogens), and a more specialized set of TTSS-secreted proteins to deliver effectors across the plant cell wall and plasma membrane. Many effectors can act as molecular double agents that betray the pathogen to plant defenses in some interactions and suppress host defenses in others. Investigations of the functions of effectors within plant cells have demonstrated the plasma membrane and nucleus as subcellular sites for several effectors, revealed some effectors to possess cysteine protease or protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and provided new clues to the coevolution of bacterium-plant interactions.
Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) Pleuropneumoniae: Use of Coagglutination and Complement Fixation to Determine the Relationship between Presence of Organism and Antibody Titer in Slaughterhouse Pigs (1989)

The conventional culture method was compared to coagglutination for detection of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in 425 sets of pig lungs. Sera from the same animals were evaluated for antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae by the complement fixation (CF) test. All samples were collected at 2 packing plants in Iowa. In 2 nonvaccinated herds with no history of respiratory disease, the difference between standard culture results and coagglutination was highly significant (P less than 0.001). None of the 57 pigs in this group were positive for A. pleuropneumoniae by conventional culture, but 7 were positive by the coagglutination test. There were 15 animals with CF titers between 1:8 and 1:32. Animals from 6 herds vaccinated for A. pleuropneumoniae and without recent respiratory problems were evaluated. One out of 118 animals tested was positive for A. pleuropneumoniae by standard culture as compared to 9 positive by coagglutination. The difference in positive results between culture and coagglutination was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Twenty-eight animals had CF titers to A. pleuropneumoniae (1:4 to greater than or equal to 1:128). Two hundred fifty lungs and sera samples were collected from 7 herds which had recently experienced varying degrees of respiratory disease. Thirty-nine lungs were positive for A. pleuropneumoniae by culture and 182 were positive by coagglutination. The number of positives detected by coagglutination was significantly different (P less than 0.001) from the number positive by culture. There were 172 animals with antibody titers ranging from suspect to greater than or equal to 1:128. There were significantly fewer positive animals detected by standard culture than with the CF test (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in conserved regions of the human genome, including thousands of CTCF insulator sites (2007)

Conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) constitute the majority of sequences under purifying selection in the human genome, yet their function remains largely unknown. Experimental evidence suggests that many of these elements play regulatory roles, but little is known about regulatory motifs contained within them. Here we describe a systematic approach to discover and characterize regulatory motifs within mammalian CNEs by searching for long motifs (12-22 nt) with significant enrichment in CNEs and studying their biochemical and genomic properties. Our analysis identifies 233 long motifs (LMs), matching a total of approximately 60,000 conserved instances across the human genome. These motifs include 16 previously known regulatory elements, such as the histone 3'-UTR motif and the neuron-restrictive silencer element, as well as striking examples of novel functional elements. The most highly enriched motif (LM1) corresponds to the X-box motif known from yeast and nematode. We show that it is bound by the RFX1 protein and identify thousands of conserved motif instances, suggesting a broad role for the RFX family in gene regulation. A second group of motifs (LM2*) does not match any previously known motif. We demonstrate by biochemical and computational methods that it defines a binding site for the CTCF protein, which is involved in insulator function to limit the spread of gene activation. We identify nearly 15,000 conserved sites that likely serve as insulators, and we show that nearby genes separated by predicted CTCF sites show markedly reduced correlation in gene expression. These sites may thus partition the human genome into domains of expression.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐AMINO‐4‐PHENYLTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI‐ATHEROGENIC AGENTS (1981)

Abstract Cyclisierung der Acetophenone (I), (IV), (VI) bzw. (VIII) mit Thioharnstoff (II) liefert die Aminothiazolyl‐Derivate (III), (V), (VII) bzw. (IX).
Intra Block Copy in Avs3 Video Coding Standard (2020)

The popularity of screen content applications, such as WIFI display, online gaming, remote desktop sharing, has drawn more and more attentions in both industry and research communities. To address the need of high efficiency compression of such contents, some coding tools are designed specifically. Intra block copy (IBC), as one of the most efficient screen content oriented coding technologies, has been included in the new generation of AVS coding standard (AVS3). In this paper, the design of IBC mode in AVS3 standard is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed IBC mode achieves both reasonable low implementation complexity and high compression benefit.
Premonitory urges in Tourette's syndrome (1993)

While epidemiological studies of tic disorders have yet to incorporate questions concerning premonitory urges, these results suggest that such urges may be commonplace in adolescent and adult subjects with tic disorders. These results challenge the conventional wisdom that tic behaviors are wholly involuntary in character. They also implicate brain regions involved in the processing of sensorimotor information in the pathobiology of tic disorders.
Improved Techniques for Training GANs (2016)

We present a variety of new architectural features and training procedures that we apply to the generative adversarial networks (GANs) framework. We focus on two applications of GANs: semi-supervised learning, and the generation of images that humans find visually realistic. Unlike most work on generative models, our primary goal is not to train a model that assigns high likelihood to test data, nor do we require the model to be able to learn well without using any labels. Using our new techniques, we achieve state-of-the-art results in semi-supervised classification on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN. The generated images are of high quality as confirmed by a visual Turing test: our model generates MNIST samples that humans cannot distinguish from real data, and CIFAR-10 samples that yield a human error rate of 21.3%. We also present ImageNet samples with unprecedented resolution and show that our methods enable the model to learn recognizable features of ImageNet classes.