gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human HER‐2/neu protein immunization circumvents tolerance to rat neu: a vaccine strategy for ‘self’ tumour antigens (1998)

Many newly defined tumour antigens are 'self' proteins. Immunizing cancer patients against these antigens may be difficult due to tolerance. The HER-2/neu oncogenic protein is such a 'self' tumour antigen. Rat neu is homologous with human HER-2/neu and provides a model system for studying vaccination strategies. Rats are tolerant to rat neu. Vaccination with this 'self' protein elicits no detectable immune response. The current studies evaluated whether tolerance to rat neu can be circumvented by immunizing with the highly homologous foreign human HER-2/neu protein. Rats were immunized with human HER-2/neu intracellular domain (hICD) protein that is 92% homologous to rat neu ICD. Animals immunized with hICD developed significant antibody and T-cell responses that were specific for both human HER-2/neu and rat neu. Neu-specific antibodies were present in titres of greater than 1:200,000. Analysis of the specificity of the antibody response using synthetic peptides demonstrated substantial reactivity to an epitope with 100% homology between rat and human protein. Significant T-cell responses (stimulation index > 10) to hICD and rat neu protein (stimulation index > 4) were detected. The T cells also responded to both human and rat ICD. The results imply that immunization with foreign proteins, which are highly homologous to 'self' tumour antigens, may be an effective vaccine strategy for 'self' tumour antigens.
Direct modulation of a multifrequency laser up to 16 x 622 Mb/s (1997)

We demonstrate direct modulation results on a 16-channel chirped multifrequency laser without a shared amplifier, There is no optical power penalty compared to the case of a single modulated channel when all 16 channels are modulated simultaneously at 310 Mb/s, and 2 dB power penalty when they all are modulated at 622 Mb/s due to electrical crosstalk. The entire wavelength comb can be shifted by 275 GHz by changing the device temperature from 13/spl deg/C to 33/spl deg/C, while the channel-to-channel power uniformity remains better than 0.2 dB and the optical channel spacing stays exactly 200 GHz.
Thrombolysis With Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alters Adhesion Molecule Expression in the Ischemic Rat Brain (1999)

The present study suggests that the time of initiation of thrombolytic therapy alters vascular immunoreactivity of inflammatory adhesion molecules in the ischemic brain and that therapeutic benefit can be obtained by combining rhtPA and anti-ICAM-1 antibody treatment 4 hours after stroke.
The Macrophage in Acute Neural Injury: Changes in Cell Numbers Over time and Levels of Cytokine Production in Mammalian Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (2000)

We evaluated the timing and density of ED-1-positive macrophage accumulation (ED 1 is the primary antibody for the macrophage) and measured cytokine production by macrophages in standardized compression injuries to the spinal cord and sciatic nerves of individual rats 3, 5, 10 and 21 days post-injury. The actual site of mechanical damage to the nervous tissue, and a more distant site where Wallerian degeneration had occurred, were evaluated in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) at these time points. The initial accumulation of activated macrophages was similar at both the central and peripheral sites of damage. Subsequently, macrophage densities at all locations studied were statistically significantly higher in the spinal cord than in the sciatic nerve at every time point but one. The peak concentrations of three cytokines, tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF &agr; ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), appeared earlier and were statistically significantly higher in injured spinal cord than in injured sciatic nerve. We discuss the meaning of these data relative to the known differences in the reparative responses of the PNS and CNS to injury.
Use of Micropatterned Cocultures to Detect Compounds That Cause Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Humans (2012)

Because drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major reason for late-stage drug attrition, predictive assays are needed that can be deployed throughout the drug discovery process. Clinical DILI can be predicted with a sensitivity of ~50% and a false positive (FP) rate of ~5% using 24-h cultures of sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes and imaging of four cell injury endpoints (Xu et al., 2008). We hypothesized that long-term drug dosing in a functionally stable model of primary hepatocytes (micropatterned cocultures [MPCCs]) could provide for increased predictivity over short-term dosing paradigms. We used MPCCs with either primary human or rat hepatocytes to understand possible species differences along with standard endpoints (glutathione levels, ATP levels, albumin, and urea secretion) to test 45 drugs either known or not known to cause clinical DILI. Human MPCCs correctly detected 23 of 35 compounds known to cause DILI (65.7% sensitivity), with a FP rate of 10% for the 10 negative compounds tested. Rat MPCCs correctly detected 17 of 35 DILI compounds (48.6% sensitivity) and had a higher FP rate than human MPCCs (20 vs. 10%). For an additional 19 drugs with the most DILI concern, human MPCCs displayed a sensitivity of 100% when at least two hepatocyte donors were used for testing. Furthermore, MPCCs were able to detect relative clinical toxicities of structural drug analogs. In conclusion, MPCCs showed superiority over conventional short-term cultures for predictions of clinical DILI, and human MPCCs were more predictive for human liabilities than their rat counterparts.
Recrystallization of implanted amorphous silicon layers. I. Electrical properties of silicon implanted with BF+2 or Si++B+ (1979)

Electrical properties of recrystallized amorphous silicon layers, formed by BF+2 implants or Si++B+ implants, have been studied by differential resistivity and Hall-effect measurements. Electrical carrier distribution profiles show that boron atoms inside the amorphized Si layers can be fully activated during recrystallization at 550 °C. The mobility is also recovered. However, the tail of the B distribution, located inside a damaged region near the original amorphous-crystalline interface, remains inactive. This inactive tail has been observed for all samples implanted with BF+2. Only in a thicker amorphous layer, formed for example by Si+ predamage implants, can the entire B profile be activated. The etch rate of amorphous silicon in HF and the effect of fluorine on the recrystallization rate are also reported.
HIV-1: Fifteen Proteins and an RNA (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a complex retrovirus encoding 15 distinct proteins. Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the function of each protein, and three-dimensional structures of many components, including portions of the RNA genome, have been determined. This review describes the function of each component in the context of the viral life cycle: the Gag and Env structural proteins MA (matrix), CA (capsid), NC (nucleocapsid), p6, SU (surface), and TM (transmembrane); the Pol enzymes PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase); the gene regulatory proteins Tat and Rev; and the accessory proteins Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu. The review highlights recent biochemical and structural studies that help clarify the mechanisms of viral assembly, infection, and replication.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED THIOPHENE RING SYSTEMS. XIX. SYNTHESIS OF 6,7‐DIHYDROTHIENO(3,2‐C)PYRIDINES AND 4,5‐DIHYDROTHIENO(2,3‐C)PYRIDINES BY INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF 2‐(2‐ OR 3‐THIENYL)ETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE (1976)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Thienyläthylisothiocyanats (I) mit den Agenzien (IIa) bzw. (IIb) verläuft unter intramolekularer Cyclisierung zu den Thienopyridinen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb); (IIIa) läßt sich auch durch Cyclisierung von (I) mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPA) zu dem Derivat (IV) und dessen Alkylier ′70 rung mit (IIa) synthetisieren.
Miniature dielectric-loaded personal telephone antennaswithlow user exposure (1998)

Cellphone handsets of low specific energy absorption rate can be realised by making the near fields have low intensity close to the antenna. The authors describe an antenna which projects a magnetic field minimum and a radiated far field minimum towards the head.
KPConv: Flexible and Deformable Convolution for Point Clouds (2019)

We present Kernel Point Convolution (KPConv), a new design of point convolution, i.e. that operates on point clouds without any intermediate representation. The convolution weights of KPConv are located in Euclidean space by kernel points, and applied to the input points close to them. Its capacity to use any number of kernel points gives KPConv more flexibility than fixed grid convolutions. Furthermore, these locations are continuous in space and can be learned by the network. Therefore, KPConv can be extended to deformable convolutions that learn to adapt kernel points to local geometry. Thanks to a regular subsampling strategy, KPConv is also efficient and robust to varying densities. Whether they use deformable KPConv for complex tasks, or rigid KPconv for simpler tasks, our networks outperform state-of-the-art classification and segmentation approaches on several datasets. We also offer ablation studies and visualizations to provide understanding of what has been learned by KPConv and to validate the descriptive power of deformable KPConv.
Preparation of glycine‐conjugated bile acids and their gas/liquid chromatographic analysis on an aluminum‐clad flexible fused silica capillary column (1992)

This paper describes a method for the direct gas/liquid chromatographic (GC) analysis of 46 glycine-conjugated bile acids, which differ from one another in the number, position and configuration of the hydroxyl groups at positions C-2, C-3, C-4, C-6, C-7 and/or C-12. Free bile acids were converted quantitatively on a micro scale to ethyl ester-trimethylsilyl (Et-TMS) and methyl ester-dimethylethylsilyl (Me-DMES) ether derivatives of the corresponding glycine conjugates. The Et-TMS and Me-DMES ethers of the glycine conjugates were chromatographed on an aluminum-clad flexible fused silica capillary column coated with a thin film (0.1 micron) of chemically bonded and cross-linked methylpolysiloxane. Relative retention time (RRT) and methylene unit (MU) values were determined for the 46 compounds and their GC behaviour was discussed. The derivatization procedure and the retention data would be useful for the direct GC identification of unknown glycine-conjugated bile acid mixtures extracted from biological samples.
Comparison of the regional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ?7 mRNA and [125I]-?-bungarotoxin binding in human postmortem brain (1997)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in the human central nervous system. A specific subtype of this receptor family, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is thought to be the principal alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBTX)-binding protein in mammalian brain. Although the expression of this receptor subtype has been characterized in rat, no study has specifically compared the expression of both the alpha7 gene and the localization of BTX binding sites in human brain. Expression of alpha7 mRNA and receptor protein in human postmortem brain tissue was examined by in situ hybridization and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin autoradiography, respectively, with particular emphasis on regions associated with sensory processing. Regions with high levels of both alpha7 gene expression and [125I]-alphaBTX binding include the nucleus reticularis of the thalamus, the lateral and medial geniculate bodies, the basilar pontine nucleus, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the inferior olivary nucleus. High-to-moderate levels of alpha7 probe hybridization were also seen in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex; however, there was a reduced or variable degree of [125I]-alphaBTX binding in these regions compared with the level of probe hybridization. In most brain regions, [125I]-alphaBTX binding was localized to neuronal cell bodies similar in morphology to those that exhibited alpha7 hybridization, suggesting that the high-affinity [125I]-alphaBTX binding sites in the human brain are likely to be principally composed of alpha7 receptor subtypes.
Abnormalities of glycosphingolipid, sulfatide, and ceramide in the polycystic (cpk/cpk) mouse. (1994)

Polycystic kidney disease is a disorder marked by aberrant renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation and transport abnormalities. Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components implicated in several cellular functions including cell membrane sorting, signaling, growth, ion transport, and adhesion. To investigate a potential pathogenic role for sphingolipids in cystic kidney disease, we studied the sphingolipid content and associated enzymatic activities of the kidneys from cpk/cpk mice and their phenotypically normal litter mates. The neutral glycolipids, including glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide, displayed a striking increase in 3-week-old cpk/cpk mice as did the acidic lipid, ganglioside GM3. However, a correspondingly significant decrease in sulfoglycolipid and ceramide concentration was observed in the cpk/cpk kidneys. Glucosylceramide synthase activity was higher in the kidneys of the cpk/cpk mice than in those of the controls. Kinetic analysis of the glucosylceramide synthase revealed the presence of an endogenous activator in the cystic kidney. A marked decrease in sulfotransferase activity was observed in both whole kidney homogenates and in microsomal preparations that was consistent with the decrement in sulfolipid content. The increase in GM3, glucosyl- and lactosylceramide may therefore be the result of impaired sulfolipid synthesis at the 3-week time point. While sulfolipid and glucosylceramide concentrations are not different at 1 and 2 weeks of age, ceramide concentrations in cystic kidneys are significantly reduced compared to kidneys from phenotypically normal mice. These results suggest that sphingolipids may play a potential role in the proliferative and transport abnormalities associated with cystic renal disease and the development of azotemia.
Memory bandwidth saving by hardware tessellation with vertex shader (2009)

Hardware architecture of a tessellator based on a vertex shader is proposed to save memory bandwidth for a mobile 3D graphics engine. According to the appropriate separation of the tessellation process, the powerful performance of a vertex shader, 120 Mvertices/s, is utilised for floating point computations. The remaining part of the process is handled by a dedicated control unit, implementation of which requires 6.2% additional logic gates. The proposed tessellator reduces the bandwidth consumed to transfer 3D geometry data up to 1/250.
Facile Controlled Synthesis of Soluble Star Shape Polymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFacile Controlled Synthesis of Soluble Star Shape Polymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)Kotohiro Nomura*, Yu Watanabe, Sakiko Fujita, Michiya Fujiki, and Hisaki OtaniView Author Information Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan* Corresponding author: tel +81-743-72-6041, fax +81-743-72-6049, e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4, 899–901Publication Date (Web):January 27, 2009Publication History Received10 December 2008Revised15 January 2009Published online27 January 2009Published inissue 24 February 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma8027529https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8027529rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1728Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Polymers,Star polymers,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system to facilitate patient-based assays (2014)

This culture system will facilitate the study of interindividual, functional studies of human intestinal epithelial cells, including host-microbial interactions.
In vivo delivery of fluoresceinated dextrans to the murine growth plate: Imaging of three vascular routes by multiphoton microscopy (2005)

Bone elongation by endochondral ossification occurs through the differentiation cascade of chondrocytes of cartilaginous growth plates. Molecules from the systemic vasculature reach the growth plate from three different directions: epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and a ring vessel and plexus associated with the perichondrium. This study is an analysis of the real-time dynamics of entrance of fluoresceinated tracers of different molecular weights into the growth plate from the systemic vasculature and tests the hypothesis that molecular weight is a key variable in the determination of both the directionality and the extent of tracer movement into the growth plate. Multiphoton microscopy was used for direct in vivo imaging of the murine proximal tibial growth plate in anesthetized 4- to 5-week-old transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein linked to the collagen II promoter. Mice were given an intracardiac injection of either fluorescein (332.3 Da) or fluoresceinated dextrans of 3, 10, 40, 70 kDa, singly or sequentially. For each tracer, directionality and rate of arrival, together with extent of movement within the growth plate, were imaged in real time. For small molecules (up to 10 kDa), vascular access from all three directions was observed and entrance was equally permissive from the metaphyseal and the epiphyseal sides. Within our detection limit (a few percent of vascular concentration), 40 kDa and larger dextrans did not enter. These results have implications both for understanding systemic and paracrine regulation of growth plate chondrocytic differentiation, as well as variables associated with effective drug delivery to growth plate chondrocytes.
Cross-Age Face Recognition on a Very Large Database: The Performance versus Age Intervals and Improvement Using Soft Biometric Traits (2010)

Facial aging can degrade the face recognition performance dramatically. Traditional face recognition studies focus on dealing with pose, illumination, and expression (PIE) changes. Considering a large span of age difference, the influence of facial aging could be very significant compared to the PIE variations. How big the aging influence could be? What is the relation between recognition accuracy and age intervals? Can soft biometrics be used to improve the face recognition performance under age variations? In this paper we address all these issues. First, we investigate the face recognition performance degradation with respect to age intervals between the probe and gallery images on a very large database which contains about 55,000 face images of more than 13,000 individuals. Second, we study if soft biometric traits, e.g., race, gender, height, and weight, could be used to improve the cross-age face recognition accuracies, and how useful each of them could be.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus G Protein-Coupled Receptor Constitutively Activates NF-κB and Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production Via a C-Terminal Signaling Determinant (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is believed to be the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a multicentric growth factor-dependent tumor common in AIDS patients characterized histopathologically by spindle cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and leukocyte infiltration. Recently, open reading frame 74 of KSHV has been implicated as a major viral determinant of KS. Open reading frame 74 encodes KSHV G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a constitutively active chemokine receptor that directly transforms NIH 3T3 cells in vitro and induces multifocal KS-like lesions in KSHV-GPCR-transgenic mice. Interestingly, receptor-positive cells are very rare in lesions from these mice, implicating an indirect mechanism of tumorigenesis. In this regard, here we report that expression of KSHV-GPCR in transfected epithelial, monocytic, and T cell lines induced constitutive activation of the immunoregulatory transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB. This was associated with constitutive induction of the proinflammatory NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8, as well as the AP-1-dependent basic fibroblast growth factor. In addition, IL-2 and IL-4 production was induced in transfected Jurkat T cells. Truncation of the final five amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of KSHV-GPCR caused complete loss of its transforming and NF-kappaB-inducing activities, without affecting receptor expression or ligand binding. These data suggest that KS results in part from KSHV-GPCR induction of proinflammatory cytokine and growth factor gene expression, mediated by a signaling determinant within the last five amino acids of the C terminus, a domain that is also critical for direct cell transformation.
Inhibition of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in Echerichia coli by pseudomonic acid (1978)

The mode of action of the antibiotic pseudomonic acid has been studied in Escherichia coli. Pseudomonic acid strongly inhibits protein and RNA synthesis in vivo. The antibiotic had no effect on highly purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and showed only a weak inhibitory effect on a poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine-forming ribosomal preparation. Chloramphenicol reversed inhibition of RNA synthesis in vivo. Pseudomonic acid had little effect on RNA synthesis in a regulatory mutant, E. coli B AS19 RC(rel), whereas protein synthesis was strongly inhibited. In pseudomonic acid-treated cells, increased concentrations of ppGpp, pppGpp and ATP were observed, but the GTP pool size decreased, suggesting that inhibition of RNA synthesis is a consequence of the stringent control mechanism imposed by pseudomonic acid-induced deprivation of an amino acid. Of the 20 common amino acids, only isoleucine reversed the inhibitory effect in vivo. The antibiotic was found to be a powerful inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase both in vivo and in vitro. Of seven other tRNA synthetases assayed, only a weak inhibitory effect on phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was observed; this presumably accounted for the weak effect on polyphenylalanine formation in a ribosomal preparation. Pseudomonic acid also significantly de-repressed threonine deaminase and transaminase B activity, but not dihydroxyacid dehydratase (isoleucine-biosynthetic enzymes) by decreasing the supply of aminoacylated tRNA(Ile). Pseudomonic acid is the second naturally occurring inhibitor of bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase to be discovered, furanomycin being the first.