gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ability of two new thyrotropin (TSH) assays to separate hyperthyroid patients from euthyroid patients with low TSH (1994)

We evaluated the ability of new thyrotropin (TSH) assays to separate hyperthyroid (n = 50) patients from clinically euthyroid subjects with low TSH values (nodular goiter, n = 20, and nonthyroidal illness, n = 22). Only patients whose serum TSH was < 0.1 mIU/L by immunoradiometric assay were included. We used a new immunofluorometric method based on time-resolved fluorescence (TR-IFMA) and a new immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) to measure TSH in serum. Although the differences between the hyperthyroid patients and the euthyroid patients differed from each other by both methods (P = 0.0012 for TR-IFMA and P < 0.0001 for ICMA), there was no cutoff point that could definitely separate the groups. Thus, it is not possible to draw any definite conclusions on whether a patient is hyperthyroid or not, solely on the basis of TSH concentration measured with these new TSH assays.
A New Factor Xa Inhibitor (Lefaxin) from the Haementeria depressa Leech (1999)

The salivary complex of the leech Haementeria depressa produces potent anticoagulant components. Among them, a protein named lefaxin inhibits factor Xa (FXa). Lefaxin was purified to homogeneity from dissected salivary complexes by gel filtration in Sephadex G-150 followed by two ion exchange chromatography steps in Mono-Q. Inhibition of FXa by lefaxin was demonstrated by the inhibition of its amidolytic activity, measured with chromogenic substrate S-2765 (apparent K(I) of 4 nM), and of its ability to inhibit thrombin generation in the prothrombinase complex (EC50 of 40 nM). Lefaxin has a molecular weight of 30 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.7. It is made of a polypeptide chain whose N-terminal sequence shows no similarity with that of other FXa inhibitors (antistasin and ghilianten) isolated from leech saliva. On the other hand, the N-terminal sequence of lefaxin presents significant sequence similarity with nitric oxide carrier proteins myohemerythrin from the annelid Nereis diversicolor and prolixin S from the triatoma Rhodnius prolixus. Interestingly, prolixin S also proved to be an anticoagulant protein acting on FXa.
Digoxin‐quinidine interaction in the dog (1981)

In seven healthy dogs, digoxin was given as an oral loading dose (0.05 mg/kg/day) on the first day, followed by an oral maintenance dose (0.02 mg/kg/day) during the next 14 days. On the sixth day of digoxin treatment, oral quinidine (200 mg b.i.d.) was added until the tenth day. Plasma concentrations of digoxin and quinidine were measured; in three of the seven dogs ECG and physical signs of digitalis toxicity were evaluated. The average steady state plasma concentration of digoxin increased significantly (P less than 0.01) during quinidine administration (from 1.4 to 2.3 ng/ml). On the days that digoxin was administered without quinidine, none of the dogs vomited nor was anorectic; the PQ-interval increased significantly (P less than 0.01) between 0.01 and 0.03 s. When quinidine was added, vomiting and anorexia occurred but no further increases in the PQ-interval were seen.
TAPER: tiered approach for eliminating redundancy in replica synchronization (2005)

We present TAPER, a scalable data replication protocol that synchronizes a large collection of data across multiple geographically distributed replica locations. TAPER can be applied to a broad range of systems, such as software distribution mirrors, content distribution networks, backup and recovery, and federated file systems. TAPER is designed to be bandwidth efficient, scalable and content-based, and it does not require prior knowledge of the replica state. To achieve these properties, TAPER provides: i) four pluggable redundancy elimination phases that balance the trade-off between bandwidth savings and computation overheads, ii) a hierarchical hash tree based directory pruning phase that quickly matches identical data from the granularity of directory trees to individual files, iii) a content-based similarity detection technique using Bloom filters to identify similar files, and iv) a combination of coarse-grained chunk matching with finer-grained block matches to achieve bandwidth efficiency. Through extensive experiments on various datasets, we observe that in comparison with rsync, a widely-used directory synchronization tool, TAPER reduces bandwidth by 15% to 71%, performs faster matching, and scales to a larger number of replicas.
The Contribution of Accessory Toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor to the Proinflammatory Response in a Murine Pulmonary Cholera Model (2002)

The contribution of accessory toxins to the acute inflammatory response to Vibrio cholerae was assessed in a murine pulmonary model. Intranasal administration of an El Tor O1 V. cholerae strain deleted of cholera toxin genes (ctxAB) caused diffuse pneumonia characterized by infiltration of PMNs, tissue damage, and hemorrhage. By contrast, the ctxAB mutant with an additional deletion in the actin-cross-linking repeats-in-toxin (RTX) toxin gene (rtxA) caused a less severe pathology and decreased serum levels of proinflammatory molecules interleukin (IL)-6 and murine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. These data suggest that the RTX toxin contributes to the severity of acute inflammatory responses. Deletions within the genes for either hemagglutinin/protease (hapA) or hemolysin (hlyA) did not significantly affect virulence in this model. Compound deletion of ctxAB, hlyA, hapA, and rtxA created strain KFV101, which colonized the lung but induced pulmonary disease with limited inflammation and significantly reduced serum titers of IL-6 and MIP-2. 100% of mice inoculated with KFV101 survive, compared with 20% of mice inoculated with the ctxAB mutant. Thus, the reduced virulence of KFV101 makes it a prototype for multi-toxin deleted vaccine strains that could be used for protection against V. cholerae without the adverse effects of the accessory cholera toxins.
A framework for detection and measurement of phishing attacks (2007)

Phishing is form of identity theft that combines social engineering techniques and sophisticated attack vectors to harvest financial information from unsuspecting consumers. Often a phisher tries to lure her victim into clicking a URL pointing to a rogue page. In this paper, we focus on studying the structure of URLs employed in various phishing attacks. We find that it is often possible to tell whether or not a URL belongs to a phishing attack without requiring any knowledge of the corresponding page data. We describe several features that can be used to distinguish a phishing URL from a benign one. These features are used to model a logistic regression filter that is efficient and has a high accuracy. We use this filter to perform thorough measurements on several million URLs and quantify the prevalence of phishing on the Internet today
Metalation of o-halostyrene oxides. Preparation of benzocyclobutenols (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalation of o-halostyrene oxides. Preparation of benzocyclobutenolsEyup Akguen, Margaret B. Glinski, Kasturi L. Dhawan, and Tony DurstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 13, 2730–2734Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00326a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00326a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1755Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE RESPONSE OF HAPLOID SECONDARY EMBRYOIDS AND SECONDARY EMBRYOGENIC TISSUES OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE TO TREATMENT WITH COLCHICINE (1983)

SUMMARY It was shown by experiment that the treatment of cultured haploid detached secondary embryoids and secondary embryogenic tissues of Brassica napus ssp. oleifera with colchicine resulted in diploidy, tetraploidy and mixaploidy. The proportions of the different ploidy levels so induced depended on the concentration of colchicine used and the duration of treatment. The highest levels of diploidization were obtained by exposing the tissues to 0.05 % colchicine in 2% dimethylsulphoxide for 72 h. The capacity for secondary embryogenesis was retained in colchicine‐induced diploid, tetraploid and mixaploid tissues, and the majority of the resulting second generation secondary embryoids were of the same ploidy as the parental material. This indicates the stability of the secondary embryogenic potential irrespective of changes in ploidy level. It is suggested that the ability to produce secondary embryoids is a consequence of haploidy and homozygosity. That the phenomenon is not a consequence of growth in culture is indicated by the fact that secondary embryoids are also produced occasionally on mature glasshouse‐grown plants regenerated from secondary embryoids. It is concluded that a system is now available for the continuous production of large numbers of haploid and homozygous diploid plants, and plants of other ploidy types, all derived from the same haploid anther embryoid. Such a system will be of value for oilseed rape breeding and for genetical and biochemical studies of somatic embryogenesis.
Amino acid substitutions sufficient to convert the nontransforming p60c-src protein to a transforming protein. (1986)

We have previously shown that Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular homolog (c-src) of the viral src gene (v-src) do not transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. We also have shown that replacement of sequences upstream or downstream from the BglI site of the cellular src gene with the corresponding regions of v-src restored transforming activity to the hybrid genes. Since there are only six amino acid changes between p60c-src and p60v-src within the sequences upstream from BglI, we constructed chimeric molecules involving v-src and c-src to determine the effect of each amino acid substitution on the biological activities of the gene product. We found that the change from Thr to Ile at position 338 or the replacement of a fragment of c-src containing Gly-63, Arg-95, and Thr-96 with a corresponding fragment of v-src containing Asp-63, Trp-95, and Ile-96 converted p60c-src into a transforming protein by the criteria of focus formation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in newborn chickens. These mutations also resulted in elevation of the protein kinase activity of p60c-src.
Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acids can be found in the synovium of some asymptomatic subjects (1999)

C trachomatis appears to occasionally be disseminated to joints without producing overt disease.
Symbiotic induction of a MADS-box gene during development of alfalfa root nodules. (1995)

In response to infection by Rhizobium, highly differentiated organs called nodules form on legume roots. Within these organs, the symbiotic association between the host plant and bacteria is established. A putative plant transcription factor, NMH7, has been identified in alfalfa root nodules. nmh7 contains a MADS-box DNA-binding region and shows homology to flower homeotic genes. This gene is a member of a multigene family in alfalfa and was identified on the basis of nucleic acid homology to plant regulatory protein genes (MADS-box-containing genes) from Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis. RNA analysis and in situ hybridization showed that expression of this class of regulatory genes is limited to the infected cells of alfalfa root nodules and is likely to be involved in the signal transduction pathway initiated by the bacterial symbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. The expression of nmh7 in a root-derived organ is unusual for this class of regulatory genes.
Approximate calculating methods concerning the electron transit time for a vacuum microelectronics triode (2000)

We consider the approximate calculating methods of the electron transit time for a vacuum microelectronics (VME) triode, on the basis of comparison and analysis of some results given by our predecessors. We summarize all the calculating methods of the electron transit time by four types - the method of mean transit time, the method of average electric field, the method of the equivalent electric field and the method of composite voltage. We discuss the common features of these four methods, unify all the calculating formulae, draw some related curves for convenience to research and calculate new VME devices for use in the future.
Cesarean section and offspringʼs risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A national cohort study (2011)

Rates of IBD with onset in childhood are moderately increased after birth by cesarean section but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Even if the association is causal, the possible impact of increasing cesarean section practices on the overall burden of IBD in childhood is small.
Theory of mixed classical-quantum scattering of molecules from surfaces (2002)

A theoretical model is developed for describing the scattering of molecules from surfaces, which includes energy and momentum transfers between the surface and projectile for both translational and rotational motion, and internal-mode excitation of the projectile molecule. The translational and rotational motions, including multiphonon excitations with the surface, are treated in the classical limit. Internal-vibrational-mode excitation of the molecules is treated quantum mechanically, with extension to arbitrary numbers of internal modes and arbitrary excitation quantum numbers. Examples of calculations are carried out for the surface scattering of a simple diatomic molecule.
Radioimmunotherapy of medullary thyroid cancer with iodine-131-labeled anti-CEA antibodies. (1996)

This study demonstrates that anti-CEA MAbs may be suitable for radioimmunotherapy of metastatic or recurrent MTC.
Quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction for accurate quantitation of HIV DNA and RNA species. (1993)

Inherent features of the PCR make this procedure suboptimal for quantitative applications. For typical clinical specimens, the absolute amount of product derived from PCR does not always bear a consistent relationship to the amount of target sequence present at the start of the reaction. Competitive PCR approaches to quantitation of nucleic acid sequences overcome the limitations of basic PCR methods for quantitation. We have developed a competitive PCR method known as quantitative competitive PCR for quantitation of HIV DNA and RNA sequences. Key features of the technique include quantitation, based on the relative amounts of products produced from the target sequence and a competitive template introduced into test specimens, and stringent internal control of all reactions, including the reverse transcription step in RNA PCR. The method is suitable for analysis of clinical specimens and may be particularly valuable for accurate quantitation of viral load in patients undergoing treatment with experimental therapies.
Language to Code: Learning Semantic Parsers for If-This-Then-That Recipes (2015)

Chris Quirk, Raymond Mooney, Michel Galley. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Protein Synthesis Assisted by Native Chemical Ligation at Leucine (2010)

Triggering leucine: A new ligation strategy of using β-mercaptoleucine coupled with desulfurization at leucine sites was developed, and its applicability in protein synthesis is presented. The efficiency of our Leu-NCL was examined in several model peptides and utilized for the first total synthesis of HIV-1 Tat protein.
Immunocytochemical localization of the β2subunit of the gamma‐aminobutyric acidAreceptor in the rat brain (1994)

Abstract An antiserum to the β 2 subunit of the rat gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) receptor was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a fusion protein expressed in bacteria. The fusion protein had the large, intracellular loop expanding between the putative M3 and M4 transmembrane domains of the β 2 subunit fused to staphylococcal protein A (SPA). The antiserum immunoprecipitated both the solubilized and the affinity‐purified GABA A receptors. The anti‐β 2 antibodies were affinity purified on immobilized β 2 intracellular loop peptide. The antibodies recognized a 55–57 kDa peptide in immunoblots of either crude membranes from rat cerebral cortex or affinity‐purified GABA A receptors from bovine cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry with the affinity‐purified antibody has revealed for the first time the localization of the β 2 subunit in the rat brain. A comparative study of the regional and cellular immunoreactivities of the affinity‐purified anti‐β 2 antibody and the monoclonal antibody 62‐3G1 (which recognizes both β 2 and β 3 subunits) is presented. The procedure described for generating and preparing specific anti‐β 2 subunit antibodies that are valuable for immunocytochemistry could be extended to other GABA A receptor subunits. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody that Neutralizes Ricin Toxicity in Vitro and in Vivo (1994)

We wanted to identify and characterize MAbs with specificity for the toxic lectin ricin, which could serve as detection reagents in elucidating mechanisms and tissue distribution. Neutralizing MAbs could be developed into immunotherapeutics to reverse clinical intoxications from immunotoxin or to counteract the use of ricin as a terrorist or biological warfare weapon. Two hybridomas, UNIVAX 70 and 138, producing MAbs against ricin were identified by Western blot strip analysis. The antibodies were IgG1 and were specific for the ricin A chain with no ricin B chain cross-reactivity. The MAbs neutralized ricin in vitro in an EL-4 mouse leukemia cell assay and in an in vivo mouse model. The two antibodies recognized the same epitope or overlapping epitopes, based on a competition with one another. All further characterization proceeded on the assumption that they were the same. The MAb UNIVAX 70/138 was characterized in vivo by titrating it against an 18 micrograms/kg (> six LD50) i.v. challenge and by titrating the i.v. toxin challenge against a constant dose of 100 micrograms of passive antibody per mouse. A 4:1 molar ratio of MAb to ricin led to neutralization of > or = 90% of the toxin in vitro. The MAb recognized ricin toxoid prepared by formaldehyde treatment and after conjugation of low molecular weight haptens (based on ELISA) equally as well as it recognized ricin and ricin A chain. The affinity and specificity of UNIVAX 70/138 give it excellent reagent potential, and the toxin-neutralizing capacity makes it at least a log and a half better than the next best candidate immunotherapeutic.
Asymmetric recognition of the HIV-1 trimer by broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 (2013)

PG9 is the founder member of an expanding family of glycan-dependent human antibodies that preferentially bind the HIV (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein (gp) trimer and broadly neutralize the virus. Here, we show that a soluble SOSIP.664 gp140 trimer constructed from the Clade A BG505 sequence binds PG9 with high affinity (∼11 nM), enabling structural and biophysical characterizations of the PG9:Env trimer complex. The BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 trimer is remarkably stable as assessed by electron microscopy (EM) and differential scanning calorimetry. EM, small angle X-ray scattering, size exclusion chromatography with inline multiangle light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry all indicate that only a single PG9 fragment antigen-binding (Fab) binds to the Env trimer. An ∼18 Å EM reconstruction demonstrates that PG9 recognizes the trimer asymmetrically at its apex via contact with two of the three gp120 protomers, possibly contributing to its reported preference for a quaternary epitope. Molecular modeling and isothermal titration calorimetry binding experiments with an engineered PG9 mutant suggest that, in addition to the N156 and N160 glycan interactions observed in crystal structures of PG9 with a scaffolded V1/V2 domain, PG9 makes secondary interactions with an N160 glycan from an adjacent gp120 protomer in the antibody-trimer complex. Together, these structural and biophysical findings should facilitate the design of HIV-1 immunogens that possess all elements of the quaternary PG9 epitope required to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against this region.
Structure-Function Properties of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor A Synthesized from Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid (1987)

The chicken progesterone receptor (PR) cDNA has been cloned and sequenced in our laboratory. Functional receptor A was synthesized from cDNA in two independent systems, by transient transfection of receptor-negative COS M6 cells and by in vitro transcription and translation. These receptors exhibited DNA and hormone binding properties similar to the native PR from oviduct. The ability of receptor to induce target gene transcription was measured by cotransfection of receptor-negative CV-1 cells with expression vectors containing the receptor A cDNA and a progesterone-inducible promotor linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. In these assays, receptor A produced hormone-dependent induction of CAT activity. In order to define the functional domains of receptor A, expression constructs coding for C-terminal deletion proteins were prepared. Deletion of the C-terminus resulted in loss of hormone binding activity as well as a loss of CAT induction. However, when 290 amino acids were removed from the C-terminus, this severely truncated receptor protein produced hormone-independent target gene activation. Mutant receptor proteins which retained the highly conserved cysteine-rich (C1) region were able to bind to DNA-cellulose, although removal of 290 amino acids from the C-terminus resulted in reduced affinity for DNA. Deletion of part or all of the C1 region resulted in loss of both DNA-binding and transcriptional activation capacities. These results confirm that C1 functions in DNA binding and transcriptional activation and that hormone binding activity can be localized to the C-terminal half of the protein.
Simulation and Cost Comparison of CO2 Liquefaction (2016)

Liquefaction of CO2 is an intermediate step for storage or ship transport. Two processes are suggested. The traditional method is based on external refrigeration and the other is an integrated refrigeration process. In the external refrigeration process, traditional refrigeration based on ammonia was selected. In the internal refrigeration process, liquefaction is achieved by compression, cooling and expansion of the CO2. Simulation models in Aspen HYSYS have been developed for different alternatives. A process based on ammonia refrigeration was calculated to be most cost optimum. There are however still possibilities for improvements especially for the internal refrigeration process.