gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time lapse CSEM measurements for reservoir monitoring using a vertical receiver‐transmitter setup (2011)

Recent technological advances have made time‐lapse EM a real possibility. In particular, EM methods appear to be a promising tool to identify the process of salt water breakthrough between an injection and a production well. We will examine the CSEM method that uses vertical, stationary transmitters and receivers, as has been developed by Petromarker. A simple reservoir model is studied where small parts of a larger box‐sized reservoir have reduced resistivity. The repeatability is affected by changes in weather conditions and ocean currents, which may cause slight inaccuracies in positioning and transmitter tilt. The seawater conductivity is measured routinely and may be compensated for. These uncertainties along with source waveform changes may accumulate to significant systematic errors, but they are controllable and their sizes easily estimated. An example of a repeated measurement where both the transmitter and receiver were moved is shown. The average deviation at late times of four such measurements is 16 nV. In our model, this corresponds to the detection of 10% reduced resistivity. Our conclusion is that time‐lapse EM monitoring is indeed feasible for large reservoirs at the time scale of months, provided the saturation changes are sufficiently localized.
Depth Painting for Image-based Rendering Applications (1999)

We describe a system that functions as a painter&amp;apos;s tool for adding a third dimension in single images. In contrast with Horry et al.&amp;apos;s &amp;quot;Tour into the picture&amp;quot; system [5], which adds the third dimension to the single image through polygons and planar regions, our system provides a means for more expressive depth variations that result in more realistic rendering. The key to intuitive &amp;quot;depth painting&amp;quot; is the use of four auxiliary side views in the interface that allows the user to observe direct changes to depth. In addition to a host of local and region-based operations, &amp;quot;depth painting&amp;quot; also involves the option to pad regions within the image so as to remove holes or gaps when viewed at novel camera poses. Finally, the resulting image with depth lends itself to multi-layered imagebased rendering, where new environments can be created from different representations of 3-D scenes and rendered at novel viewpoints in a geometrically-correct manner.
Graphene Analogues of Inorganic Layered Materials (2013)

The discovery of graphene has created a great sensation in chemistry, physics, materials science, and related areas. The unusual properties of graphene have aroused interest in other layered materials, such as molybdenum sulfide and boron nitride. In the last few years, single- as well as few-layer as well as chalcogenides and other inorganic materials have been prepared and characterized by a variety of methods. These materials possess interesting properties, and some have potential applications. This Review provides an up-to-date account of these emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials. Not only are the synthesis and characterization covered, but also important aspects such as spectroscopic and optical properties, magnetic and electrical properties, as well as applications. Salient features of the composites formed from the layered inorganic structures with graphene and polymers are presented along with a brief description of borocarbonitrides.
Testosterone deficiency in women: etiologies, diagnosis, and emerging treatments. (2002)

Healthy young women produce approximately 300 microg of testosterone per day, of which about half is derived from the ovaries and half from the adrenal glands. In women, as in men, testosterone is thought to influence pubertal development, sexual function, bone density, muscle mass, erythropoiesis, energy, cognitive function and mood. Testosterone deficiency in women may result from a variety of conditions, including oophorectomy, adrenalectomy, adrenal disease, pituitary disease, HIV infection, premature ovarian failure, Turner's syndrome, and the use of high-dose corticosteroids and some estrogen preparations. Simple aging and natural menopause may also contribute to testosterone deficiency in some women. A consensus view of the diagnosis of female androgen deficiency syndrome (FADS) is currently being developed, and is summarized in this article, as are current approaches for treating testosterone deficiency in women. Recent clinical trials involving an experimental testosterone transdermal patch for women are highlighted. The impact of conventional ERT/HRT on testosterone levels in naturally menopausal women is discussed, with the differences between oral and transdermal routes of estrogen delivery being emphasized.
A multinational phase II study of liposome irinotecan (PEP02) for patients with gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer. (2011)

237 Background: PEP02 is a novel nanoparticle liposome formulation of irinotecan (CPT-11) that has improved pharmacokinetics and tumor biodistribution of both CPT-11 and its active metabolite-SN38 compared to the free form drug. PEP02 has showed encouraging safety and efficacy in various tumor types, including significant antitumor activity in a human pancreatic cancer L3.6pl orthotopic nude mouse xenograft model. In previous phase I studies, PEP02 either alone or in combination with 5-FU/LV demonstrated prolonged disease control in 5 of 7 (71%) patients (pts) with gemcitabine (GEM)-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). This phase II study aims to evaluate PEP02 monotherapy as 2 nd -line treatment in pts with metastatic, GEM-refractory PC. Methods: Pts were eligible if they had metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, KPS ≥ 70, and progressed following one line of GEM-based therapy. Treatment consisted of PEP02 120 mg/m 2 administered as a 90-minute infusion every 3 weeks. A Simon's 2-stage design was used with 16 pts in the first stage and 39 pts in total; primary objective was 3-month survival rate (OS 3-month ). Results: Between March 2009 and August 2010, 37 pts were enrolled at 3 centers in the U.S. and Taiwan. Characteristics for the first 31 evaluable pts: 13 M/18 F; age 39-82 yrs; 19 Asian/12 Caucasian, KPS 100/90/80/70: 5/14/4/8. Mean number of treatment cycles is 5 (range, 1-22). Disease control rate (minor response + stable disease &gt;2 cycles) is 52%. 8 of 24 pts (33%) with elevated baseline CA19-9 have had &gt;50% biomarker decline. To date, 23/31 pts (74%) have survived &gt; 3 months, with 4 pts still alive after 1 year. Reasons for study discontinuation: 74% progressive disease, 9% drug-related toxicity, 17% other. Preliminary safety data is available for the first stage. Most common G3/4 adverse events included: fatigue (31%), neutropenia (25%), nausea/vomiting (19%), and diarrhea (13%). Conclusions: This study has already met its primary endpoint (predicted OS 3-month &gt;65%). PEP02 appears to have both activity and tolerable side effects for pts with metastatic, GEM-refractory PC, and represents a promising option for this pt population with few standard options. [Table: see text]
Rotenone prevents impact‐induced chondrocyte death (2010)

Mechanical insult to articular cartilage kills chondrocytes, an event that may increase the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Recent reports indicate that antioxidants decrease impact-induced chondrocyte death, but the source(s) of oxidants, the time course of oxidant release, and the identity of the oxidative species generated in response to injury are unknown. A better understanding of these processes could lead to new treatments of acute joint injuries. To that end, we studied the kinetics and distribution of oxidant production in osteochondral explants subjected to a single, blunt-impact injury. We followed superoxide production by measuring the time-dependent accumulation of chondrocyte nuclei stained with the superoxide-sensitive probe dihydroethidium. The percentage of chondrocytes that were dihydroethidium-positive was 35% above baseline 10 min after impact, and 65% above baseline 60 min after impact. Most positive cells were found within and near areas contacted directly by the impact platen. Rotenone, an electron transport chain inhibitor, was used to test the hypothesis that mitochondria contribute to superoxide release. Rotenone treatment significantly reduced dihydroethidium staining, which remained steady at 15% above baseline for up to 60 min postimpact. Moreover, rotenone reduced chondrocyte death in impact sites by more than 40%, even when administered 2 h after injury (p < 0.001). These data show that much of the acute chondrocyte mortality caused by in vitro impact injuries results from superoxide release from mitochondria, and suggest that brief exposure to free radical scavengers could significantly improve chondrocyte viability following joint injury.
Concise Review: The Relevance of Human Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Models for Epithelial Translational Medicine (2012)

Epithelial organ remodeling is a major contributing factor to worldwide death and disease, costing healthcare systems billions of dollars every year. Despite this, most fundamental epithelial organ research fails to produce new therapies and mortality rates for epithelial organ diseases remain unacceptably high. In large part, this failure in translating basic epithelial research into clinical therapy is due to a lack of relevance in existing preclinical models. To correct this, new models are required that improve preclinical target identification, pharmacological lead validation, and compound optimization. In this review, we discuss the relevance of human stem cell-derived, three-dimensional organoid models for addressing each of these challenges. We highlight the advantages of stem cell-derived organoid models over existing culture systems, discuss recent advances in epithelial tissue-specific organoids, and present a paradigm for using organoid models in human translational medicine.
Pathologic findings from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (2006)

Pathologically negative lymph nodes were more prevalent in this mammographically screened population than in the overall SEER population. The prevalence of invasive carcinoma, DCIS, and benign findings presented herein establish a range of expected biopsy outcomes for women after screening mammography in the general U.S. population.
Falsedad de documento privado. Falsedad ideológica. Concepto de documento privado. Concurso de estafa (2001)

Enunciado: 
El 21 de marzo de 2000, Eugenia I., solicito y le fue concedido en la sucursal del banco «A», un prestamo personal por importe de 2.500.000 ptas., presentando para ello, entre otros documentos, dos nominas de los meses de enero y febrero del mismo ano, una certificacion de haberes y otra certificacion de su situacion laboral, expedidas ambas a nombre de E.F., como director gerente de la empresa R, S.A., la cual se encontraba inactiva y en situacion de baja sin trabajadores desde hacia dos anos, documentos todos ellos que habian sido confeccionados en su integridad por Ramon D., firmandolos Eugenia en el espacio reservado a la trabajadora. El dinero del prestamo fue ingresado en una cuenta corriente abierta en la misma entidad prestamista a nombre de Eugenia, quien lo retiro por ventanilla ese mismo dia mediante dos reintegros. Eugenia y Ramon repitieron la operacion el 9 de abril de 2000 en el banco «B», obteniendo un prestamo de 900.000 ptas., y el 12 de abril del mismo ano en el banco «C», logrando un prestamo de 1.000.000 de ptas., disponiendo en ambas ocasiones del dinero en metalico. Eugenia que trabaja como secretaria de Ramon actuo por indicacion de este. 
• Cuestiones planteadas: 
- Falsedad cometida en los hechos relatados.
Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model (1999)

A new model for light propagation in holey optical fibers is developed in which the transverse index profile and the modal field are decomposed using different orthogonal functions. It is an efficient and accurate alternative to previous techniques, and is an invaluable tool to aid fabrication efforts. Using this model, a number of regimes of interest in these fibers are explored.
Lin28a Is Dormant, Functional, and Dispensable During Mouse Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition1 (2014)

The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) denotes transformation of a highly differentiated oocyte into totipotent blastomeres of the early mammalian embryo. OET depends exclusively on maternal RNAs and proteins accumulated during oocyte growth, which implies importance of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. OET includes replacement of abundant maternal microRNAs (miRNAs), enriched also in differentiated cells and exemplified by the Let-7 family, with embryonic miRNAs common in pluripotent stem cells (the miR-290 family in the mouse). Lin28a and its homolog Lin28b encode RNA-binding proteins, which interfere with Let-7 maturation and facilitate reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells. Both Lin28a and Lin28b transcripts are abundant in mouse oocytes. To test the role of maternal expression of Lin28a and Lin28b during oocyte-to-zygote reprogramming, we generated mice with oocyte-specific knockdown of both genes by using transgenic RNA interference. Lin28a and Lin28b are dispensable during oocyte growth because their knockdown has no effect on Let-7a levels in fully grown germinal vesicle (GV)-intact oocytes. Furthermore, transgenic females were fertile and produced healthy offspring, and their overall breeding performance was comparable to that of wild-type mice. At the same time, 2-cell embryos derived from transgenic females showed up-regulation of mature Let-7, suggesting that maternally provided LIN28A and LIN28B function during zygotic genome activation. Consistent with this conclusion is increased translation of Lin28a transcripts upon resumption of meiosis. Our data imply dual repression of Let-7 during OET in the mouse model, the selective suppression of Let-7 biogenesis by Lin28 homologs superimposed on previously reported global suppression of miRNA activity.
Surfactant Effects on Aerosolized and Instilled Adenoviral-Mediated Gene Transfer (1996)

The effects of surfactant on aerosolization of adenovirus and the distribution of aerosolized and instilled adenovirus in rabbit lungs were measured. Using 99Tc sulfur colloid as a marker for the aerosol, 33P-adenovirus with and without 3H-surfactant, we found that the aerosol had the same particle size distribution independent of surfactant and the 33P-adenovirus distributed proportionately to the other radiolabels in the aerosol. Rabbits received aerosolized or instilled suspensions of adenovirus and 99Tc-sulfur colloid with or without 10 mg/ml surfactant. Rabbit lungs were separated into large airways (trachea, carina, and primary bronchi) and more distal lung parenchyma either immediately after treatment for measurement of 99Tc distribution or 3 days after treatment for luciferase transgene expression. More instillate (94 +/- 1%) than aerosol (68 +/- 2%) was recovered in the parenchyma immediately after treatment (p < 0.01). Transgene expression in the parenchyma as a percent of total lung expression was lower for both instillation (72 +/- 8%) and aerosolization (30 +/- 8%) than for the initial distributions (p < 0.01). Surfactant did not change the distributions of 99Tc sulfur colloid or transgene expression. The adenovirus was aerosolized successfully but the distribution of the aerosol did not favor transgene expression in the lung parenchyma.
Dual Metalloprotease Inhibitors. 6. Incorporation of Bicyclic and Substituted Monocyclic Azepinones as Dipeptide Surrogates in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibitors (1996)

A series of substituted monocyclic and bicyclic azepinones were incorporated as dipeptide surrogates in mercaptoacetyl dipeptides with the desire to generate a single compound which would potently inhibit both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Many of these compounds displayed excellent potency against both enzymes. Two of the most potent compounds, monocyclic azepinone 2n and bicyclic azepinone 3q, demonstrated a high level of activity versus ACE and NEP both in vitro and in vivo.
Activation-dependent carboxyl methylation of neutrophil G-protein gamma subunit. (1995)

The gamma subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (G) proteins (G gamma) are post-translationally processed at their C termini by prenylation, proteolysis, and carboxyl methylation. Whereas prenylation of G gamma is required for membrane association of G proteins, the role of carboxyl methylation is unknown. Here we show that human neutrophils express G gamma 2 but not G gamma 3 or G gamma 7 and that carboxyl methylation of G gamma 2 is associated with signal transduction. In a reconstituted cell-free system, neutrophil G gamma 2 was labeled by the methyl donor S-[methyl-3H]adenosyl-L-methionine. Carboxyl methylation was confirmed by alkaline hydrolysis and quantitation of volatile [3H]methanol. Neutrophil G gamma 2 methylation was stimulated by activation of G protein with guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-thio]triphosphate. We estimate that after 1 hr of G-protein activation at least 6% of the total pool of G gamma 2 was carboxyl-methylated. The inflammatory agonist fMet-Leu-Phe stimulated guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-thio]triphosphate-dependent carboxyl methylation. Methylation of G gamma 2 was inhibited by the carboxyl methyltransferase inhibitor N-acetyl-S-trans,trans-farnesylcysteine at concentrations that affected signal transduction in neutrophils. These results demonstrate that activation of neutrophil Gi is associated with alpha-carboxyl methyl esterification of G gamma 2 and suggest that carboxyl methylation of G gamma may play a role in signal transduction.
Aneuploidy and early human embryo development (2008)

Human embryo development occurs through a process that encompasses reprogramming, sequential cleavage divisions and mitotic chromosome segregation and embryonic genome activation. Chromosomal abnormalities may arise during germ cell and/or pre-implantation embryo development, and are a major cause of spontaneous miscarriage or birth defects. Nonetheless, model systems suitable for the study of human germ cell and embryo development have been limited until recently. We suggest that human embryonic stem cells may provide a valuable human cell-based model for genetic studies of human pre-implantation pluripotent cells. Here, we review the current literature on diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities in the pre-implantation embryo, and the importance of provisions from the human oocyte in establishing and maintaining the human embryonic genome during the first 3 days post-conception. We focus on transcriptional analysis of human oocytes and embryos and the unique cell cycle and checkpoint requirements in the early embryo. Taken together, data suggest that the unique programs of the early human embryo, including management of aneuploid cells, may paradoxically promote embryo development but contribute to the high rate of spontaneous miscarriages in human pregnancies.
Evaluation of fosfomycin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin in an experimental model of meningitis caused by two strains of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (2006)

Fosfomycin in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin appeared to be effective for the treatment of experimental cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. These combinations are possible alternatives in cases of allergy or intolerance to first-line drugs or in rare meningitis caused by highly cephalosporin-resistant pneumococci.
Enzyme-Responsive Snap-Top Covered Silica Nanocontainers (2008)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, capable of storing a payload of small molecules and releasing it following specific catalytic activation by an esterase, have been designed and fabricated. The storage and release of the payload is controlled by the presence of [2]rotaxanes, which consist of tri(ethylene glycol) chains threaded by α-cyclodextrin tori, located on the surfaces of the nanoparticles and terminated by a large stoppering group. These modified silica nanoparticles are capable of encapsulating guest molecules when the [2]rotaxanes are present. The bulky stoppers, which serve to hold the tori in place, are stable under physiological conditions but are cleaved by the catalytic action of an enzyme, causing dethreading of the tori and release of the guest molecules from the pores of the nanoparticles. These snap-top covered silica nanocontainers (SCSNs) are prepared by a modular synthetic method, in which the stoppering unit, incorporated in the final step of the synthesis, may be changed at will to target the response of the system to any of a number of hydrolytic enzymes. Here, the design, synthesis, and operation of model SCSNs that open in the presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE) are reported. The empty pores of the silica nanoparticles were loaded with luminescent dye molecules (rhodamine B), and stoppering units that incorporate adamantyl ester moieties were then attached in the presence of α-cyclodextrin using the copper-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), closing the SCSNs. The release of rhodamine-B from the pores of the SCSN, following PLE-mediated hydrolysis of the stoppers, was monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Improved Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest in Rats Expressing the Baculovirus Caspase Inhibitor Protein p35 in Central Neurons (2003)

Expression of baculovirus p35 can improve survival after cardiac arrest in rats, but the mode and site of action remain to be elucidated.
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced metastatic growth is associated with increased angiogenesis, vascular permeability and tumor cell invasion (2002)

Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent inflammatory stimulus. We previously reported that LPS increased the growth of experimental metastases in a murine tumor model. Here, we examined the effect of LPS exposure on key determinants of metastasis-angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, vascular permeability, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression. BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 lung metastases were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10 microg LPS or saline. LPS exposure resulted in increased lung weight and incidence of pleural lesions. LPS increased angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Vascular permeability in lung tissue was increased 18 hr after LPS injection. LPS increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and MMP2 expression in lung tumor nodules. 4T1 cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (4T1-GFP) were injected via lateral tail vein. LPS exposure resulted in increased numbers of 4T1-GFP cells in mouse lung tissue compared to saline controls, an effect blocked by the competitive NOS inhibitor, N(G) methyl-L-arginine (NMA). LPS-induced growth and metastasis of 4T1 experimental lung metastases is associated with increased angiogenesis, vascular permeability and tumor cell invasion/migration with iNOS expression implicated in LPS-induced metastasis.
Differences in Initial Immunoprofiles between Recurrent and Nonrecurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (2014)

Nonrecurrent and recurrent CRSwNPs needing revision surgery have different types of inflammatory patterns. Nonrecurrent CRSwNPs exhibits a mixed pattern of T helper (Th) cytokines with significant higher levels of IFN-gamma and lower concentrations of IgE, ECP, and IL-5 as compared with recurrent CRSwNPs that had a predominant Th2 type of inflammation.