gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclopolymerization. XI. Polyelectrolytes and Polyampholytes from N-Alkyl-N, N-diallylamines and Methacrylamide (1976)

Abstract The preparation and properties of some poly[RN(CH2CH[dbnd]CH2)2hydrochlorides], where R may be methyl, n-propyl, n-hexyl, benzyl, and allyl, are discussed. Water-soluble polydiallyl-amine hydrochlorides have been prepared in high yields both by γ-irradiation and by chemical initiation. The polymers were characterized by solubility measurements, IR spectra, NMR spectra, and molecular weight determinations. Polydiallyl-amines as their free bases were found to gel both in solution and in the solid state; the factors influencing gelation were investigated. The polymerization of a mixture of methacrylamide and either methyl-or n-propyldiallylamine hydrochloride by chemical initiation and γ-irradiation in water, dioxane, and dimethylformamide was studied, and evidence is presented for and against the formation of a true copolymer. In all polymerizations, substantial quantities of either amine monomer or amine homopolymer were isolated. Although the amount of amine incorporated into the “copolymer” increased with an increased amine: Mam ratio in the monomer feed, the yield of “copolymer” decreased at a greater rate.
Peptide YY: intrapancreatic localization and effects on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse. (1989)

We studied the intrapancreatic localization of peptide YY (PYY) and the effects of PYY on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse pancreatic tissue showed that PYY occurred within islet cells. These cells were located preferentially at the periphery of the islets. Sequential and simultaneous double immunostaining revealed that most PYY cells also displayed glucagon immunoreactivity; some PYY cells contained immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP). At the electromicroscopic level, PYY immunoreactivity was demonstrated within the secretory granules of both glucagon cells and of a small granular cell type, which showed structural similarities to PP cells. In in vivo experiments, PYY at dose levels between 0.53 and 8.5 nmol/kg had no influence on basal plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, or glucose. In contrast, insulin secretion stimulated by glucose or the cholinergic agonist carbachol was inhibited by PYY (by 33 and 26%, respectively, at 4.25 nmol/kg). Similarly, carbachol-induced glucagon secretion was inhibited by PYY (by 47% at 4.25 nmol/kg). We conclude that PYY occurs in islet cells of the mouse pancreas, most of which are glucagon cells, and that PYY inhibits stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion in vivo in the mouse.
The association of red blood cell n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with bone mineral density and hip fracture risk in the women's health initiative (2012)

Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in red blood cells (RBCs) are an objective indicator of PUFA status and may be related to hip fracture risk. The primary objective of this study was to examine RBC PUFAs as predictors of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study (n = 400 pairs) was completed within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using 201 incident hip fracture cases from the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) cohort, along with 199 additional incident hip fracture cases randomly selected from the WHI Observational Study. Cases were 1:1 matched on age, race, and hormone use with non-hip fracture controls. Stored baseline RBCs were analyzed for fatty acids using gas chromatography. After removing degraded samples, 324 matched pairs were included in statistical analyses. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were constructed according to case-control pair status; risk of fracture was estimated for tertiles of RBC PUFA. In adjusted hazard models, lower hip fracture risk was associated with higher RBC α-linolenic acid (tertile 3 [T3] hazard ratio [HR]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.85; p for linear trend 0.0154), eicosapentaenoic acid (T3 HR: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87; p for linear trend 0.0181), and total n-3 PUFAs (T3 HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30-1.01; p for linear trend 0.0492). Conversely, hip fracture nearly doubled with the highest RBC n-6/n-3 ratio (T3 HR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.03-3.70; p for linear trend 0.0399). RBC PUFAs were not associated with BMD. RBC PUFAs were indicative of dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs (Spearman's rho = 0.45, p < 0.0001), total n-6 PUFAs (rho = 0.17, p < 0.0001) and linoleic acid (rho = 0.09, p < 0.05). These results suggest that higher RBC α-linolenic acid, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFAs, may predict lower hip fracture risk. Contrastingly, a higher RBC n-6/n-3 ratio may predict higher hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women.
Topoisomerase II alpha co-amplification with erbB2 in human primary breast cancer and breast cancer cell lines: relationship to m-AMSA and mitoxantrone sensitivity. (1993)

Topoisomerase II alpha (topo II alpha) is a key enzyme in DNA replication and a target for many anti-cancer drugs. High levels are associated with sensitivity to topoisomerase II inhibitors. Because its chromosome location is similar to erbB2 (17q21-22), which is frequently amplified in breast cancer, co-amplification of these genes was assessed. In 117 primary breast cancers, 25 were amplified for erbB2. Three of these cases showed co-amplification of topo II alpha. Topo II beta was not amplified. Four human breast cancer cell lines were assessed for erbB2 and topo II alpha co-amplification. They were also analysed for sensitivity to the topoisomerase inhibitors m-AMSA and mitoxantrone. The most sensitive cell line was SKBr3, which was the only one with erbB2 amplification. Topo II alpha was co-amplified to a similar extent as in tumours. This suggests that patients whose tumours show topo II alpha amplification should be assessed specifically for therapy with topoisomerase inhibitors.
Comparative tissue distribution in mice of the alpha-emitter 211At and 131I as labels of a monoclonal antibody and F(ab')2 fragment. (1990)

Because it decays by the emission of short-range, high-energy alpha-particles, the radiohalogen 211At might be a particularly useful nuclide for some types of radioimmunotherapy. However, no suitable gamma-emitting nuclide of astatine exists which would permit either imaging prior to therapy to obtain radiation dosimetry estimates or performing experiments in paired-label format. Since iodine is the halogen above astatine in the periodic table, we investigated whether the in vivo distribution of 131I could be used to mimic the biodistribution of 211At. In this study, the N-succinimidyl 3-(trialkylstannyl)benzoate method was used to label C110 IgG, an antibody directed against carcinoembryonic antigen, and its (Fab')2 fragment with 211At and 131I. Paired-label experiments were performed in normal mice comparing the tissue distribution of 211At- versus 131I-labeled C110 IgG and F(ab')2 as well as [211At]astatide versus [131I]iodide and m-[211At]astatobenzoic acid versus m-[131I]iodobenzoic acid, potential catabolites of proteins radiohalogenated via the N-succinimidyl 3-(trialkylstannyl)benzoate method. With the exception of thyroid, retention of astatide in tissues was higher than that of iodide; and, with the halobenzoic acids, uptake of 211At was higher than 135I in thyroid, stomach, and spleen. Use of the N-succinimidyl 3-(trialkylstannyl)benzoate method to label C110 IgG with 211At and 131I resulted in similar distributions of the two nuclides. In contrast, loss of 211At from the F(ab')2 fragment was considerably more rapid than 131I, suggesting that different astatination methods may be required for use with F(ab')2 fragments.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Optical Biopsy (1996)

OCT represents a promising new technology for imaging vascular microstructure with a level of resolution not previously achieved with the use of other imaging modalities. It does not required direct contact with the vessel wall and can be performed with a catheter integrated with a relatively inexpensive optical fiber. The high contrast among tissue constituents, high resolution, and ability to penetrate heavily calcified tissue make OCT an attractive new imaging technology for intracoronary diagnostics.
Universal variable-length data compression of binary sources using fountain codes (2005)

This paper proposes a universal variable-length lossless compression algorithm based on fountain codes. The compressor concatenates the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting transform (BWT) with a fountain encoder, together with the closed-loop iterative doping algorithm. The decompressor uses a belief propagation algorithm in conjunction with the iterative doping algorithm and the inverse BWT. Linear-time compression/decompression complexity and competitive performance with respect to state-of-the-art compression algorithms are achieved.
Tooth-bound Fluoride and Dental Caries (1990)

The cariostatic effects of tooth-bound fluoride reported in the recent literature are reviewed. Several treatment procedures which can increase the tooth-bound fluoride content are described. Based on this information, it is suggested that effectiveness of currently used topical fluoride treatments may be significantly increased by (1) including in the regimen a dicalcium-phosphate-dihydrate-forming treatment so that a portion of the labile fluoride is re-incorporated as tooth-bound fluoride, and (2) employing application methods which ensure the effective delivery of treatment agents to the fissures, and to approximal and cervical surfaces, where most caries occurs.
Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies (2014)

The data available at present have facilitated our understanding of how the melanocortin pathway regulates both the male and female sexual functions. Indeed the data warrant further investigation to demonstrate the impact of the activation of MCRs by specific agonists on penile erection and female arousal and orgasm function.
High mobility MISFET with low trapped charge in HfSiO films (2003)

MISFETs with HfSiO (EOT:1.8 nm) gate insulator have been reached high Ion (95%) and low gate leakage current (1/100) against SiO/sub 2/ gate film. This was achieved by the suppression of the remote Coulomb scattering, caused by the electron traps in the HfSiO gate stack. It was experimentally confirmed that less than 3/spl times/10/sup 12/ C/cm/sup 2/ electron trap level is required to get high mobility.
Modeling Botnet Propagation Using Time Zones. (2006)

We recently described autoantibodies to the ADP/ATP carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane as an organ specific autoantigen found in high frequencies in sera of patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. These antibodies not only showed an intracellular binding at the mitochondrial membrane, but also crossreact with antigenic determinants at the cardiac myocyte plasma membrane. They therefore may account, at least in part, for the so-called sarcolemmal-bound IgG of heart-reactive autoantibodies found to be associated with these diseases. Heart muscle diseases are associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities such as complex ventricular arrhythmias and disturbed ventricular function. Our data indicate that abnormalities in current spread and impaired heart contractility might also be caused by an antibody mediated disturbance of calcium channel gating leading to prolongation of the action potential and potentiation of tension. The enhanced calcium permeability of the cell may moreover cause calcium overload and cell death. The calcium channel complex plays a central role in cardiac contractility. Disturbing calcium channel gating by antibodies might therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Relating the Morphology of Poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)/Methanofullerene Blends to Solar‐Cell Performance (2004)

Abstract The performance of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on a phase‐separated mixture of donor and acceptor materials is known to be critically dependent on the morphology of the active layer. Here we use a combination of techniques to resolve the morphology of spin cast films of poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene)/methanofullerene blends in three dimensions on a nanometer scale and relate the results to the performance of the corresponding solar cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and depth profiling using dynamic time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) clearly show that for the two materials used in this study, 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl‐[6,6]‐methanofullerene (PCBM) and poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MDMO‐PPV), phase separation is not observed up to 50 wt.‐% PCBM. Nanoscale phase separation throughout the film sets in for concentrations of more than 67 wt.‐% PCBM, to give domains of rather pure PCBM in a homogenous matrix of 50:50 wt.‐% MDMO‐PPV/PCBM. Electrical characterization, under illumination and in the dark, of the corresponding photovoltaic devices revealed a strong increase of power conversion efficiency when the phase‐separated network develops, with a sharp increase of the photocurrent and fill factor between 50 and 67 wt.‐% PCBM. As the phase separation sets in, enhanced electron transport and a reduction of bimolecular charge recombination provide the conditions for improved performance. The results are interpreted in terms of a model that proposes a hierarchical build up of two cooperative interpenetrating networks at different length scales.
Use of oligonucleotides to generate large deletions (1986)

Journal Article Use of oligonucleotides to generate large deletions Get access Mohammad K. Eghtedarzadeh, Mohammad K. Eghtedarzadeh Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center1124 Columbia street, Seatlle, WA 98104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven Henikoff Steven Henikoff Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center1124 Columbia street, Seatlle, WA 98104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 14, Issue 12, 25 June 1986, Page 5115, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.12.5115 Published: 25 June 1986 Article history Received: 01 April 1986 Published: 25 June 1986
The Past, Present and Future of Transgenic Bioreactors (1997)

Hybrid genes can control the tissue-specific synthesis of human proteins in transgenic animals. Thus, it is now possible to produce proteins of biomedical value in the body fluids or cells of transgenic livestock. In fact, the first transgenically produced protein, antithrombin III, is now in clinical trials and others will soon follow.
CD40/CD40L dyad in the inflammatory and immune responses in the central nervous system. (2006)

CD40 and its cognate ligand (CD40L) are a pair of regulators of pro-inflammatory and immune responses. In the central nervous system (CNS), CD40 is expressed on a variety of cells, including vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, astrocytes and microglia (the brain macrophages, being the most sensitive cell type to respond to CD40 ligand). Interaction between CD40 on microglia and CD40L presented by infiltrating T lymphocytes and other resident CNS cells triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that promote the production of a wide array of cytokines, chemokines and neurotoxins. Thus, both molecules serve as amplifiers of pro-inflammatory and immune responses in the CNS and constitute important molecular targets for therapeutic intervention of diseases.
Directional Analysis of Sound Field with Linear Microphone Array and Applications in Sound Reproduction (2008)

The use of linear microphone array composed of two closely spaced omnidirectional microphones as input to teleconference application of Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) is presented. DirAC is a method for spatial sound processing, where the direction of the arrival of sound and diffuseness are analyzed, and used for different purposes in reproduction. Two-dimensional plane arrays have been used so far to generate input signals for DirAC, in which case it is possible to measure directly two-dimensional sound field. In this study, one-dimensional linear array is used to provide input signals for one-dimensional direction and diffuseness analysis in DirAC. Listening tests are conducted to evaluate the intelligibility of speech with two simultaneous talkers, when the linear array is used in teleconference application.
Value-driven redundancy elimination (1996)

Value-driven redundancy elimination is a combination of value numbering and code motion. Value numbering is an optimization that assigns numbers to values in such a way that two values are assigned the same number if the compiler can prove they are equal. When this optimization discovers two computations that produce the same value, it can (under certain circumstances) eliminate one of them. Code motion is an optimization that attempts to move instructions to less frequently executed locations. Traditional techniques must assume that every definition produces a distinct value. Therefore, an instruction cannot move past a definition of one of its subexpressions. This restriction can be relaxed when certain definitions are known to produce redundant values. By understanding how these two optimizations interact, we can simplify each of them, and the resulting combination will be more powerful than the sum of the two parts. Value numbering will be simpler because it need not be concerned with eliminating instructions, and code motion will be simpler because identifying subexpressions is not necessary.\nThis research investigates this value-driven approach to redundancy elimination. We improve upon the known algorithms for both value numbering and code motion, and we show experimental evidence of their effectiveness.
A miniature steerable end-effector for application in an integrated system for computer-assisted arthroscopy (2002)

Arthroscopic techniques are very popular in orthopaedic surgery for intervention on articular joints, especially on the knee. From an engineering viewpoint, current arthroscopic techniques can be improved in two ways: a) by augmenting visual information for the surgeon; b) by improving existing instrumentation. In our laboratory we are addressing both problems by developing an integrated system for computer-assisted arthroscopy. In this paper the procedures and instrumentation currently adopted for arthroscopy, and the limitations of both, are described first. Then the main characteristics of the integrated system we are developing are presented. The design requirements for new and better instruments for arthroscopy are discussed in detail and the fabrication and testing of a prototype of shape memory alloy-based actuator developed for steering the distal part of an arthroscope are discussed. The prototype steerable end-effector can rotate of /spl plusmn/90/spl deg/ and exert a maximum force at the tip of about 1N.
Expression and mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3) cloned from human platelets (1997)

We have used reverse transcriptase PCR, platelet mRNA and degenerate primers based on platelet peptide sequences, to amplify a fragment of platelet cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE; PDE3). Sequence analysis of this clone established that both the platelet and the cardiac forms of PDE3 were derived from the same gene (PDE3A). A RT-PCR product representing the C-terminal half of platelet PDE3 cDNA and corresponding to amino acid residues 560-1141 of the cardiac enzyme, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cGI-PDEDelta1. Further deletion mutants were constructed by removing either an additional 100 amino acids from the N-terminus (cGI-PDEDelta2) or the 44-amino-acid insert characteristic of the PDE3 family, from the catalytic domain (cGI-PDEDelta1Deltai). In addition, site-directed mutagenesis was performed to explore the function of the 44-amino-acid insert. All mutants were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP, their ability to be photolabelled by [32P]cGMP and for the effects of PDE3 inhibitors. The Km values for hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP by immunoprecipitates of cGI-PDEDelta1 (182+/-12 nM and 153+/-12 nM respectively) and cGI-PDEDelta2 (131+/-17 nM and 99+/-1 nM respectively) were significantly lower than those for immunoprecipitates of intact platelet PDE3 (398+/-50 nM and 252+/-16 nM respectively). Moreover, N-terminal truncations of platelet enzyme increased the ratio of Vmax for cGMP/Vmax for cAMP from 0.16+/-0.01 in intact platelet enzyme, to 0.37+/-0.05 in cGI-PDEDelta1 and to 0.49+/-0.04 in cGI-PDEDelta2. Thus deletion of the N-terminus enhanced hydrolysis of cGMP relative to cAMP, suggesting that N-terminal sequences may exert selective effects on enzyme activity. Removal of the 44-amino-acid insert generated a mutant with a catalytic domain closely resembling those of other PDE gene families but despite a limited ability to be photolabelled by [32P]cGMP, no cyclic nucleotide hydrolytic activities of the mutant were detectable. Mutation of amino acid residues in putative beta-turns at the beginning and end of the 44-amino-acid insert to alanine residues markedly reduced the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides. The PDE3 inhibitor, lixazinone, retained the ability to inhibit cAMP hydrolysis and [32P]cGMP binding by the N-terminal deletion mutants and the site-directed mutants, suggesting that PDE3 inhibitors may interact exclusively with the catalytic domain of the enzyme.
Complications and Treatment of Mild Hypothermia (2001)

THE combination of anesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control and exposure to a cool operating room environment makes most surgical patients hypothermic. Several prospective, randomized trials have demonstrated various hypothermia-induced complications. There is no widely accepted definition for the term mild hypothermia. Furthermore, the term is not even used consistently in the literature. For the purpose of this review, mild hypothermia refers to core temperatures between 34 and 36°C.
The Trio Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Is a RhoA Target (2000)

Trio is a complex protein containing two guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains each with associated pleckstrin homology domains, a serine/threonine kinase domain, two SH3 domains, an immunoglobulin-like domain, and spectrin-like repeats. Trio was originally identified as a LAR tyrosine phosphatase-binding protein and is involved in actin remodeling, cell migration, and cell growth. Herein we provide evidence that Trio not only activates RhoA but is also a RhoA target. The RhoA-binding site was mapped to the Trio immunoglobulin-like domain. RhoA isoprenylation is necessary for the RhoA-Trio interaction, because mutation of the RhoA carboxyl-terminal cysteine residue blocked binding. The existence of an intramolecular functional link between RhoA activation and RhoA binding is suggested by the finding that Trio exchange activity enhanced RhoA binding to Trio. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies of HeLa cells showed that although ectopically expressed Trio was evenly distributed within the cell, co-expression of Trio with RhoA resulted in relocalization of Trio into punctate structures. Relocalization was not observed with Trio constructs lacking the immunoglobulin-like domain, indicating that RhoA acts to regulate Trio localization via binding to the immunoglobulin-like domain. We propose that Trio-mediated RhoA activation and subsequent RhoA-mediated relocalization of Trio functions to modulate and coordinate Trio signaling.