gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman Study of Enzyme Reactions Using Potassium Ferricyanide as a Reaction Mediator: Quantitative Analysis of Substrates and Measurement of Enzyme Activity for Glucose Oxidase and Lactate Oxidase (1998)

This paper describes a Raman study of enzyme reactions that use potassium ferricyanide as a reaction mediator. The enzyme reaction systems investigated consisted of glucose oxidase (GOD), glucose, and potassium ferricyanide, and of lactate oxidase (LOD), lactate, and potassium ferricyanide. Raman spectra were measured for the above enzyme systems every 2 s to monitor the progress of the enzyme reactions at real time. The observed Raman spectra showed only three peaks at 2186, 2095, and 2022 cm −1 due to C N stretching modes of potassium ferricyanide (2186 cm −1 ) and potassium ferrocyanide (2095 and 2022 cm −1 ); with the progress of the enzyme reactions, the band at 2186 cm −1 decreases while those at 2095 and 2022 cm −1 increase. From the differentiation of the Raman intensity at 2022 cm −1 , we could calculate the velocity ( V′) of the intensity change that directly reflects the rate ( V) of the enzyme reactions. By plotting the velocity thus obtained ( V′) vs. the concentration of the enzyme substrate ([ S]), we were able to develop a calibration curve to predict the concentration of the enzyme substrate. For GOD, the correlation coefficient ( R) and the detection limit of this calibration curve were 0.99 and 20 mg/dL, respectively. This detection limit was better than that obtained from conventional glucose sensors. For LOD, we were able to determine Michaelis constant ( K m ) from the maximum velocity ( V max ). The method proposed here is applicable to various kinds of enzymes that use potassium ferricyanide as a reaction mediator.
Computational Aspects of Prediction Markets (2007)

Prediction markets (also known as information markets) are markets established to aggregate knowledge and opinions about the likelihood of future events. This chapter is intended to give an overview of the current research on computational aspects of these markets. We begin with a brief survey of prediction market research, and then give a more detailed description of models and results in three areas: the computational complexity of operating markets for combinatorial events; the design of automated market makers; and the analysis of the computational power and speed of a market as an aggregation tool. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and directions for future research.
Constant weight codes for correcting symmetric errors and detecting unidirectional errors (1993)

Proposes two classes of constant weight codes, which can be used for correcting t symmetric errors and simultaneously detecting all unidirectional errors. Codes in the first class are in quasi-systematic form and codes in the second class are in systematic form. Since each codeword of codes in both classes can be divided into a data part and a parity check part, the proposed codes have the merit of easily mapping messages into codewords.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction with PdCl2 in Water under Aerobic Conditions (2004)

A mild protocol for the copper-free Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides with terminal acetylenes in water under aerobic conditions has been developed. The use of 1 mol % PdCl(2) in the presence of pyrrolidine allows the coupling reaction to proceed at room temperature or 50 degrees C with good to excellent yields.
Portrait of PTEN: Messages from mutant mice (2008)

PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in many human sporadic cancers and in hereditary cancer syndromes such as Cowden disease. The major substrate of PTEN is phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), a second messenger molecule produced following PI3K activation induced by a variety of stimuli. PI(3,4,5)P3 activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, which is involved in antiapoptosis, proliferation and oncogenesis. In mice, heterozygosity for a null mutation of Pten (Pten(+/-)mice) frequently leads to the development of a variety of cancers and autoimmune disease. Homozygosity for the null mutation (Pten(-/-) mice) results in early embryonic lethality, precluding the functional analysis of Pten in adult tissues and organs. To investigate the physiological functions of Pten in viable mice, we and other groups have used the Cre-loxP system to generate various tissue-specific Pten mutations. The present review will summarize results obtained from the study of conditional mutant mice lacking Pten in specific tissues, and discuss the possible biological and molecular explanations for why Pten deficiency leads to tumorigenesis.
Reinforcement learning of a spiking neural network in the task of control of an agent in a virtual discrete environment (2011)

. . , .
An architecture for software-controlled data prefetching (1991)

article Free Access Share on An architecture for software-controlled data prefetching Authors: Alexander C. Klaiber University of Washington, Seattle, WA University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Henry M. Levy University of Washington, Seattle, WA University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 19Issue 3May 1991pp 43–53https://doi.org/10.1145/115953.115958Published:01 April 1991Publication History 135citation734DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations135Total Downloads734Last 12 Months47Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Localization of Long-Term Memory Within the Drosophila Mushroom Body (2001)

The mushroom bodies, substructures of the Drosophila brain, are involved in olfactory learning and short-term memory, but their role in long-term memory is unknown. Here we show that the alpha-lobes-absent (ala) mutant lacks either the two vertical lobes of the mushroom body or two of the three median lobes which contain branches of vertical lobe neurons. This unique phenotype allows analysis of mushroom body function. Long-term memory required the presence of the vertical lobes but not the median lobes. Short-term memory was normal in flies without either vertical lobes or the two median lobes studied.
Alterações do quadro de saúde na primeira semana de vida do recém-nascido de mãe adolescente (2006)

Este é um estudo descritivo, documental, quantitativo, cujo objetivo foi identificar as alterações no quadro de saúde e as terapêuticas na primeira semana de vida do recém-nascido (RN) filho de mãe adolescente. Realizado em uma unidade neonatal de uma maternidade de referência, em Fortaleza – Ceará nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2004, teve como amostra a história de 32 RN filhos de mães adolescentes, com os devidos consentimentos das mães. Os dados foram referentes à história do nascimento e da internação, na primeira semana de vida, visando o quadro de saúde, sendo extraídos do prontuário do RN. Verificou-se que 16 (50%) eram prematuros, fator que pode trazer uma série de alterações no quadro de saúde em decorrência da imaturidade dos sistemas fisiológicos. A impressão diagnóstica mais freqüente foi a Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório (38,9%). A dieta mais administrada ao RN foi o leite materno por sonda orogástica (68,8%). Dentre as terapêuticas destacaram-se a oxigenoterapia por capacete de acrílico (48,1%), a fototerapia (88,9%) e a antibioticoterapia (32,3%). DOI:https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2006000200005
Radioprotectant combinations spare radiation-induced damage to the physis more than fractionation alone (2005)

Radioprotectants may be beneficial in growth plate radioprotection, alone or in combination.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Hepatitis in Men With a History of Incarceration (2011)

Effective screening and prevention programs are needed for this population before and after release from custody to prevent acquisition and further transmission of these infections.
A flexible learning system for wrapping tables and lists in HTML documents (2002)

A program that makes an existing website look like a database is called a wrapper. Wrapper learning is the problem of learning website wrappers from examples. We present a wrapper-learning system called WL2 that can exploit several different representations of a document. Examples of such different representations include DOM-level and token-level representations, as well as two-dimensional geometric views of the rendered page (for tabular data) and representations of the visual appearance of text asm it will be rendered. Additionally, the learning system is modular, and can be easily adapted to new domains and tasks. The learning system described is part of an "industrial-strength" wrapper management system that is in active use at WhizBang Labs. Controlled experiments show that the learner has broader coverage and a faster learning rate than earlier wrapper-learning systems.
Configuration caching vs data caching for striped FPGAs (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Configuration caching vs data caching for striped FPGAs Authors: Deepali Deshpande Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, AmesView Profile , Arun K. Somani Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, AmesView Profile , Akhilish Tyagi Computer Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames Computer Science Department, Iowa State University, AmesView Profile Authors Info & Claims FPGA '99: Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/SIGDA seventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arraysFebruary 1999 Pages 206–214https://doi.org/10.1145/296399.296461Published:01 February 1999Publication History 13citation324DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads324Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Salt-Triggered Peptide Folding and Consequent Self-Assembly into Hydrogels with Tunable Modulus (2004)

Intramolecular folding events, triggered by the presence of salt, induce the self-assembly of β-hairpin peptides into hydrogel networks at physiological conditions. At pH 7.4 and low ionic strength solution conditions, dilute, homogeneous solutions of peptide (≤2 wt %) exhibit the viscosity of pure water. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that, at pH 7.4 in the absence of salt, peptides are unfolded. By raising the ionic strength of the solution, electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids within the peptide are screened, and a β-hairpin conformation is adopted. Folded β-hairpin molecules supramolecularly assemble via hydrophobic collapse and hydrogen bonding into a three-dimensional hydrogel network. FTIR and X-ray scattering data demonstrate that these hydrogels are rich in β-sheet. Dynamic oscillatory rheological measurements demonstrate that the resultant supramolecular structure forms an elastic material whose structure, and thus modulus, can be tuned by salt concentration and temperature. Storage moduli of hydrogels increase with increasing salt concentration. Robust hydrogelation is also observed in cell growth media at physiological conditions. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the hydrogel elasticity arises from a network nanostructure consisting of semiflexible fibrillar assemblies.
Valine substituted winter flounder `antifreeze': preservation of ice growth hysteresis (1998)

Three mutant polypeptides of the type I 37-residue winter flounder 'antifreeze' protein have been synthesized. All four threonine residues in the native peptide were been mutated to serine, valine and glycine respectively and two additional salt bridges were incorporated into the sequences in order to improve aqueous solubility. The peptides were analyzed by nanoliter osmometry, the 'ice hemisphere' test, the 'crystal habit' test, measurement of ice growth hysteresis and CD spectroscopy. While the valine and serine mutants retain the alpha-helical structure, only the valine mutant retains 'antifreeze' activity similar to that of the native protein. These data show that the threonine hydroxyl groups do not play a crucial role in the accumulation of the native 'antifreeze' protein at the ice/water interface and the inhibition of ice growth below the equilibrium melting temperature.
Driver Eye Glance Behavior During Car Following on the Road (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Sixty test participants each drove an instrumented vehicle over a prescribed route that included highway and city street segments. Drivers included equal numbers of males and females, and equal numbers of individuals in Younger (18 to 25 years of age), Middle (35 to 45 years of age), and Older (55 to 65 years of age) age groups. Test participants drove on weekdays (Monday through Thursday), in good weather, and during both rush and non-rush hour morning or afternoon periods. Approximately 6,600 vehicle miles of travel on public roads were recorded. Car following range and range rate, travel speed, and driver eye glances were measured to examine driver eye glance behavior during car following. Results indicate the conditions in car following when drivers looked away from the road ahead, the distribution of glance durations when looking away, and the distribution of where drivers looked away from the road ahead. These data provide insights into the strategies used by drivers to manage their visual resources while car following.&lt;/div&gt;
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective Class IIa Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors as a Potential Therapy for Huntington’s Disease (2013)

Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for a number of diseases, including Huntington's disease. Catalytic-site small molecule inhibitors of the class IIa HDAC4, -5, -7, and -9 were developed. These trisubstituted diarylcyclopropanehydroxamic acids were designed to exploit a lower pocket that is characteristic for the class IIa HDACs, not present in other HDAC classes. Selected inhibitors were cocrystallized with the catalytic domain of human HDAC4. We describe the first HDAC4 catalytic domain crystal structure in a "closed-loop" form, which in our view represents the biologically relevant conformation. We have demonstrated that these molecules can differentiate class IIa HDACs from class I and class IIb subtypes. They exhibited pharmacokinetic properties that should enable the assessment of their therapeutic benefit in both peripheral and CNS disorders. These selective inhibitors provide a means for evaluating potential efficacy in preclinical models in vivo.
Expression of functionally intact pdgf‐α receptors in highly metastatic 3ll lewis lung carcinoma cells (1993)

The ability of disseminating tumor cells to grow in a target organ is the final limiting step of the metastatic cascade. The growth of a highly lung-metastatic clone, D122, of the murine 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma was induced in vitro with lung-conditioned media (CM) to a greater extent than that of a weakly metastatic clone, A9. With the use of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-alpha-receptor-specific antibodies, the possible paracrine mode of metastatic cell growth was further suggested by demonstrating the presence of these receptors on highly metastatic cells only. Receptors for PDGF have been found almost exclusively on cells of mesenchymal and glial origin. Therefore, the functionality of this receptor in the D122 epithelial cell line was verified by immune complex kinase and ligand-stimulation assays. Moreover, PDGF was shown to specifically induce in vitro growth of D122 highly metastatic cells only and to be abundantly expressed in lung CM but not in kidney or liver CM. Thus, the interaction of PDGF-like factors in the lung with PDGF receptors on the metastatic tumor cell may be important in the development of metastatic lesions in the target organ.
The Impact of Nanoscience on Heterogeneous Catalysis (2003)

Most catalysts consist of nanometer-sized particles dispersed on a high-surface-area support. Advances in characterization methods have led to a molecular-level understanding of the relationships between nanoparticle properties and catalytic performance. Together with novel approaches to nanoparticle synthesis, this knowledge is contributing to the design and development of new catalysts.
Visual tracking of a moving target by a camera mounted on a robot: a combination of control and vision (1993)

The authors present algorithms for robotic (eye-in-hand configuration) real-time visual tracking of arbitrary 3D objects traveling at unknown velocities in a 2D space (depth is given as known). Visual tracking is formulated as a problem of combining control with computer vision. A mathematical formulation of the control problem that includes information from a novel feedback vision sensor and represents everything with respect to the camera frame is presented. The sum-of-squared differences (SSD) optical flow is used to compute the vector of discrete displacements each instant of time. These displacements can be fed either directly to a PI (proportional-integral) controller or to a pole assignment controller or discrete steady-state Kalman filter. In the latter case, the Kalman filter calculates the estimated values of the system's states and the exogenous disturbances, and a discrete LQG (linear-quadratic Gaussian) controller computes the desired motion of the robotic system. The outputs of the controllers are sent to the Cartesian robotic controller. Performance results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Collagen-mimetic hydrogels promote human endothelial cell adhesion, migration and phenotypic maturation (2015)

This work evaluates the response of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to thromboresistant collagen-mimetic hydrogel coatings toward improving the biocompatibility of existing "off-the-shelf" small-caliber vascular grafts. Specifically, bioactive hydrogels - previously shown to support α<sub>1</sub>/α<sub>2</sub> integrin-mediated cell adhesion but to resist platelet activation - were fabricated by combining poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a 120 kDa, triple-helical collagen-mimetic protein(Scl2-2) containing the GFPGER adhesion sequence. Analysis of HAECs seeded onto the resulting PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels demonstrated that HAEC adhesion increased with increasing Scl2-2 concentration, while HAEC migration rate decreased over this same concentration range. In addition, evaluation of HAEC phenotype at confluence indicated significant differences in the gene expression of NOS3, thrombomodulin, and E-selectin on the PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels relative to PEG-collagen controls. At the protein level, however, only NOS3 was significantly different between the PEG-Scl2-2 and PEG-collagen surfaces. Furthermore, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin expression on PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels versus PEG-collagen controls could not be distinguished at either the gene or protein level. Cumulatively, these data indicate the PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels warrant further investigation as "off-the-shelf" graft coatings. In future studies, the Scl2-2 protein can potentially be modified to include additional extracellular matrix or cytokine binding sites to further improve endothelial cell responses.
Action of C-type natriuretic peptide in isolated canine arteries and veins (1993)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a hormone that shares structural homology to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); however, distinct receptors have been found for each in cultured aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. CNP in vivo reduces arterial pressure, atrial pressures, and cardiac output. These actions are consistent with a decrease in cardiac preload. Therefore, the current studies were designed to test the hypothesis that CNP is a vasodilator distinct from ANP. Rings of canine renal and saphenous arteries and renal, saphenous, and femoral veins with and without endothelium were suspended to measure isometric force in an organ chamber. CNP caused significant concentration-dependent relaxations in veins with and without endothelium contracted with phenylephrine (10(-6) log M). In marked contrast, ANP caused no significant relaxation in veins either with or without endothelium. In arterial rings, responses to the peptides were heterogeneous. ANP caused relaxation in renal but not saphenous arteries. CNP induced modest and comparable relaxation in rings of saphenous but not renal arteries with and without endothelium. These results demonstrate that: 1) CNP and not ANP is a relaxing factor of isolated peripheral canine veins, and 2) the responses of arteries to ANP and CNP are heterogeneous. These findings support a distinct biological role for CNP in the regulation of cardiovascular tone.
Vessel Cooption, Regression, and Growth in Tumors Mediated by Angiopoietins and VEGF (1999)

In contrast with the prevailing view that most tumors and metastases begin as avascular masses, evidence is presented here that a subset of tumors instead initially grows by coopting existing host vessels. This coopted host vasculature does not immediately undergo angiogenesis to support the tumor but instead regresses, leading to a secondarily avascular tumor and massive tumor cell loss. Ultimately, however, the remaining tumor is rescued by robust angiogenesis at the tumor margin. The expression patterns of the angiogenic antagonist angiopoietin-2 and of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggest that these proteins may be critical regulators of this balance between vascular regression and growth.
Molecular characterisation of the STRUBBELIG-RECEPTOR FAMILY of genes encoding putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

The results provide evidence that SRF4 is a positive regulator of leaf size. In addition, they suggest that the SRF family is characterised by functional diversity and that some SRF genes may function in cell wall biology. They also indicate that complementing reverse genetics with bioinformatical data mining of genome-wide expression data aids in inferring hypotheses on possible functions for members of a gene family.