gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Lidocaine Ointment Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Postpartum Perineal Pain (2002)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To estimate the efficacy of lidocaine ointment in relieving pain after a vaginal delivery with an episiotomy or perineal laceration. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 200 women received lidocaine ointment (n = 108) or a placebo (n = 92). Pain relief was assessed by the amount of ointment used (weight of jar before use (weight of jar after use), total number of pain pills used, and a pain questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a β of .2 and an β of .05 with an expected reduction of other pain medications from an average use of six pills to four pills for the population. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the amount of lidocaine versus placebo used for postpartum day 1 (5.1 g versus 4.0 g, respectively [P =.13]) or day 2 (3.7 g versus 2.6 g, respectively [P = 18]). Patients receiving lidocaine instead of the placebo showed no significant difference in the total amount of postpartum pain medications (6.3 versus 6.8 tablets, respectively [P = .53]), subjective pain parameters (P = .36), or satisfaction from ointment (P = .99). Patients with an episiotomy used more pain medications than those with a laceration (7.9 versus 5.6 tablets, respectively [P = .003]). Those with minor versus major lacerations required fewer pain pills (6.1 versus 10.8 tablets, respectively [P < .001]) and used less ointment (4.3 g versus 7.9 g, respectively [P = .02]) on the first postpartum day. CONCLUSION Topical application of 5% lidocaine ointment was not effective in relieving episiotomy or perineal laceration pain. Lidocaine ointment does not lessen perineal pain or decrease oral pain medications used after an episiotomy or perineal laceration.
Composites of polyvinyl chloride–wood fibers. III: Effect of silane as coupling agent (1990)

Abstract The performance of silanes as coupling agents in hardwood aspen fibers (chemithermomechanical pulp and sawdust)—polyvinyl chloride composites, have been investigated. Aside from the chemical structure of silanes, the dispersion aids, e.g. solvent, initiator (different organic peroxides) and maleic anhydride (which provides various chemical reactions as well as physical/chemical inter‐actions at the interface), play important roles on the mechanical properties of the composites. In general, the coupling action of silanes is accelerated by the presence of solvents and initiators. But the coupling activity is decelerated when the fibers are coated with polymer latex.
Simultaneous detection of CpG methylation and single nucleotide polymorphism by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (2002)

We report here a novel method to simultaneously detect CpG methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). PCR products of bisulfite-modified CpG islands were separated using DHPLC. BstUI digestion and DNA sequencing were used in confirmation studies. Consistent with the BstUI digestion assay, the 294 bp PCR product of the modified hMLH1 promoter showed different retention times between the methylated cell lines (RKO and Cla, 6.7 min) and the unmethylated cell lines (PACM82 and MGC803, 6.2 min). No hMLH1 methylation was observed in 13 primary gastric carcinomas and their matched normal tissues. One hMLH1 SNP was detected in gastric cancer patients, in both cancer and normal tissues. DNA sequencing revealed that the SNP is a G-->A variation at -93 nt of the hMLH1 promoter. A two-peak chromatogram was also obtained in the 605 bp PCR product of the Cox-2 promoter of the AGS, HEK293 and MKN45 cell lines by DHPLC. Another peak corresponding to methylated CpG islands was observed on the chromatogram of the Cox-2-methylated AGS cell line after bisulfite treatment. In conclusion, methylation in homoallelic and heteroallelic CpG islands could be detected rapidly and reliably by bisulfite-DHPLC. A SNP in the target sequence could also be detected at the same time.
Zernike aberration coefficients transformed to and from Fourier series coefficients for wavefront representation (2006)

The set of Fourier series is discussed following some discussion of Zernike polynomials. Fourier transforms of Zernike polynomials are derived that allow for relating Fourier series expansion coefficients to Zernike polynomial expansion coefficients. With iterative Fourier reconstruction, Zernike representations of wavefront aberrations can easily be obtained from wavefront derivative measurements.
Raman Amplification in As-Se Fiber (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. B. Shaw, P. C. Pureza, V. Q. Nguyen, J. S. Sanghera, I. D. Aggarwal, and P. A. Thielen, "Raman Amplification in As-Se Fiber," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, M. Fermann and L. Marshall, eds., Vol. 68 of Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2002), paper MA5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Solution Kinetics Measurements Suggest HIV-1 Protease Has Two Binding Sites for Darunavir and Amprenavir (2008)

Darunavir, a potent antiviral drug, showed an unusual second binding site on the HIV-1 protease dimer surface of the V32I drug resistant mutant and normal binding in the active site cavity. Kinetic analysis for wild type and mutant protease showed mixed-type competitive-uncompetitive inhibition for darunavir and the chemically related amprenavir, while saquinavir showed competitive inhibition. The inhibition model is consistent with the observed second binding site for darunavir and helps to explain its antiviral potency.
Genetic analysis of the calcineurin pathway identifies members of the EGR gene family, specifically EGR3 , as potential susceptibility candidates in schizophrenia (2007)

The calcineurin cascade is central to neuronal signal transduction, and genes in this network are intriguing candidate schizophrenia susceptibility genes. To replicate and extend our previously reported association between the PPP3CC gene, encoding the calcineurin catalytic gamma-subunit, and schizophrenia, we examined 84 SNPs from 14 calcineurin-related candidate genes for genetic association by using 124 Japanese schizophrenic pedigrees. Four of these genes (PPP3CC, EGR2, EGR3, and EGR4) showed nominally significant association with schizophrenia. In a postmortem brain study, EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 transcripts were shown to be down-regulated in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic, but not bipolar, patients. These findings raise a potentially important role for EGR genes in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Because EGR3 is an attractive candidate gene based on its chromosomal location close to PPP3CC within 8p21.3 and its functional link to dopamine, glutamate, and neuregulin signaling, we extended our analysis by resequencing the entire EGR3 genomic interval and detected 15 SNPs. One of these, IVS1 + 607A-->G SNP, displayed the strongest evidence for disease association, which was confirmed in 1,140 independent case-control samples. An in vitro promoter assay detected a possible expression-regulatory effect of this SNP. These findings support the previous genetic association of altered calcineurin signaling with schizophrenia pathogenesis and identify EGR3 as a compelling susceptibility gene.
Identification of Genetic Determinants for the Hemolytic Activity of Streptococcus agalactiae by IS S1 Transposition (1999)

Streptococcus agalactiae is a poorly transformable bacterium and studies of molecular mechanisms are difficult due to the limitations of genetic tools. Employing the novel pGh9:ISS1 transposition vector we generated plasmid-based mutant libraries of S. agalactiae strains O90R and AC475 by random chromosomal integration. A screen for mutants with a nonhemolytic phenotype on sheep blood agar led to the identification of a genetic locus harboring several genes that are essential for the hemolytic function and pigment production of S. agalactiae. Nucleotide sequence analysis of nonhemolytic mutants revealed that four mutants had distinct insertion sites in a single genetic locus of 7 kb that was subsequently designated cyl. Eight different open reading frames were identified: cylX, cylD, cylG, acpC, cylZ, cylA, cylB, and cylE, coding for predicted proteins with molecular masses of 11, 33, 26, 11, 15, 35, 32, and 78 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by cylA harbors a conserved ATP-binding cassette (ABC) motif, and the predicted proteins encoded by cylA and cylB have significant similarities to the nucleotide binding and transmembrane proteins of typical ABC transporter systems. Transcription analysis by reverse transcription-PCR suggests that cylX to cylE are part of an operon. The requirement of acpC and cylZABE for hemolysin production of S. agalactiae was confirmed either by targeted mutagenesis with the vector pGh5, complementation studies with pAT28, or analysis of insertion elements in naturally occurring nonhemolytic mutants.
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the mammalian brainstem (2009)

Neural circuits controlling breathing in mammals are organized within serially arrayed and functionally interacting brainstem compartments extending from the pons to the lower medulla. The core circuit components that constitute the neural machinery for generating respiratory rhythm and shaping inspiratory and expiratory motor patterns are distributed among three adjacent structural compartments in the ventrolateral medulla: the Bötzinger complex (BötC), pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) and rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG). The respiratory rhythm and inspiratory-expiratory patterns emerge from dynamic interactions between: (i) excitatory neuron populations in the pre-BötC and rVRG active during inspiration that form inspiratory motor output; (ii) inhibitory neuron populations in the pre-BötC that provide inspiratory inhibition within the network; and (iii) inhibitory populations in the BötC active during expiration that generate expiratory inhibition. Network interactions within these compartments along with intrinsic rhythmogenic properties of pre-BötC neurons form a hierarchy of multiple oscillatory mechanisms. The functional expression of these mechanisms is controlled by multiple drives from more rostral brainstem components, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus and pons, which regulate the dynamic behaviour of the core circuitry. The emerging view is that the brainstem respiratory network has rhythmogenic capabilities at multiple hierarchical levels, which allows flexible, state-dependent expression of different rhythmogenic mechanisms under different physiological and metabolic conditions and enables a wide repertoire of respiratory behaviours.
High-dynamic-range binary pixel processing using non-destructive reads and variable oversampling and thresholds (2012)

We present a binary image sensor architecture that employs spatial and temporal oversampling and novel signal processing. Our method is based on a mathematical theory of repeated conditional sampling from Poisson distributions. Previous work on binary sampling requires either a pixel reset after each sampling, or feedback proportional to the sampled signal to linearize the sensor response. Our method allows design of sensor response by variation in sampling period length, thresholds and conditional or non-conditional reset. Our sensor architecture supports wide dynamic range, and a low-light sensitivity limited only by the fundamental silicon-process-dependent pixel sensitivity.
Mobile communications integrated operations systems (2002)

The consumer market for mobile communication services, such as automobile cellular phones, other portable cellular phones, and radio paging services, has grown significantly. NTT DoCoMo (NTT Mobile Communications Network, Inc.) is now facing competition from the NCCs (New Common Carriers) in mobile communication services. In order to improve customer services and enhance competitiveness, it is necessary to better manage self-administered network operations. The Mobile Communications Integrated Operation System (MIOS) is a newly developed system designed to deal with the current situation in the consumer market. The administrative goals are to achieve the highest possible efficiency and cost-effectiveness and to create network operations tasks which fulfill customer service needs.
Use of 18F-2-Fluorodeoxyglucose to Label Antibody Fragments for Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography of Pancreatic Cancer (2015)

We generated <sup>18</sup>F-labeled antibody fragments for PET imaging using a sortase-mediated reaction to install a transcyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized short peptide onto proteins of interest, followed by reaction with a tetrazine-labeled-<sup>18</sup>F-2-deoxyfluoroglucose (FDG). The method is rapid, robust, and site-specific (radiochemical yields >25%, not decay corrected). The availability of <sup>18</sup>F-2-deoxyfluoroglucose avoids the need for more complicated chemistries used to generate carbon-fluorine bonds. We demonstrate the utility of the method by detecting heterotopic pancreatic tumors in mice by PET, using anti-Class II MHC single domain antibodies. We correlate macroscopic PET images with microscopic two-photon visualization of the tumor. Our approach provides easy access to <sup>18</sup>F-labeled antibodies and their fragments at a level of molecular specificity that complements conventional<sup>18</sup>F-FDG imaging.
The Synthesis of a Pteridine Required for the Growth of Crithidia fasciculata1 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of a Pteridine Required for the Growth of Crithidia fasciculata1E. L. Patterson, R. Milstrey, and E. L. R. StokstadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 22, 5868–5871Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01603a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01603a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Three-Dimensional Culture Methods Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Properties and Increase Therapeutic Potential (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation along the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages and have potential applications in a range of therapies. MSCs can be cultured as monolayers on tissue culture plastic, but there are indications that they lose cell-specific properties with time in vitro and so poorly reflect in vivo MSC behavior. We developed dynamic three-dimensional (3D) techniques for in vitro MSC culture using spinner flasks and a rotating wall vessel bioreactor. We characterized the two methods for dynamic 3D MSC culture and compared the properties of these cultures with monolayer MSCs. Our results showed that under optimal conditions, MSCs form compact cellular spheroids and remain viable in dynamic 3D culture. We demonstrated altered cell size and surface antigen expression together with enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential in MSCs from dynamic 3D conditions. By microarray analysis of monolayer and spinner flask MSCs, we identified many differences in gene expression, including those confirming widespread changes to the cellular architecture and extracellular matrix. The upregulation of interleukin 24 in dynamic 3D cultures was shown to selectively impair the viability of prostate cancer cells cultured in medium conditioned by dynamic 3D MSCs. Overall, this work suggests a novel therapeutic application for dynamic 3D MSCs and demonstrates that these methods are a viable alternative to monolayer techniques and may prove beneficial for retaining MSC properties in vitro.
The synthesis, characterization, and photoinitiated cationic polymerization of silicon‐containing epoxy resins (1990)

Abstract The preparation of a variety of silicon‐containing epoxy monomers and oligomers is described and their reactivity in photoinitiated cationic polymerization examined. Monomers and oligomers having terminal cycloaliphatic epoxy groups were found to be especially reactive in cationic polymerization. These materials are attractive candidates for use in coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Molecular cloning and in vivo evaluation of canine granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1991)

Canine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (caGM-CSF) was cloned and expressed to allow further investigation of GM-CSF in a large animal model. The cDNA is 850 base pairs (bp) long and encodes a peptide of 144 amino acids. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology between caGM-CSF and human GM-CSF (hGM-CSF) is 80% and 70%, respectively. A mammalian expression vector pCMV/CAGM was constructed and used to transfect COS cells for expression of caGM-CSF. Supernatant from transfected COS cells enriched with caGM-CSF was shown to have significant stimulating activity in granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) assays of canine marrow. caGM-CSF, expressed from bacteria, was used to treat seven dogs at varying doses twice daily subcutaneously (sc) for 14 to 16 days. Circulating blood neutrophils and monocytes increased significantly. The increase in circulating eosinophils was variable. Thrombocytopenia developed during administration of caGM-CSF but corrected rapidly after cessation of treatment. Evaluation of survival times of 51Cr-labeled autologous platelets suggested increased consumption as the primary reason for thrombocytopenia. A species-specific GM-CSF will be a useful tool for hematologic or immunologic studies in dogs.
Baroreflex Sensitivity Predicts the Induction of Ventricular Arrhythmias by Cesium Chloride in Rabbits (1999)

Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with long QT syndrome, and in cesium chloride (Cs)-induced VT in animals. The present study investigated whether baroreflex sensitivity predicts the induction of VT by Cs in the rabbit in vivo. Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) of the left ventricular endocardium were recorded simultaneously with the surface ECG in 27 rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 4 groups based on the Cs-induced ventricular arrhythmias: (1) no ventricular premature contractions (No-VPC group), (2) single or paired VPC (VPC group), (3) monomorphic VT (MVT group), and (4) polymorphic VT (PVT group). Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly lower in the MVT and PVT groups than in the No-VPC and VPC groups. The plasma norepinephrine concentration before Cs injection was significantly higher in the MVT group than in the other 3 groups, and the norepinephrine concentration after Cs injection was significantly higher in the MVT and PVT groups than in the No-VPC and VPC groups. Baroreflex sensitivity was negatively correlated with the norepinephrine concentration before Cs injection. These results suggest that autonomic nervous system dysfunction, as defined by reduced baroreflex sensitivity, and elevated plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict increased susceptibility to Cs-induced VT.
Voltammetry of Oxygen in the Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide and Hexyltriethylammonium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide:  One-Electron Reduction To Form Superoxide. Steady-State and Transient Behavior in the Same Cyclic Voltammogram Resulting from Widely Different Diffusion Coefficients of Oxygen and Superoxide (2003)

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen in two different room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][N(Tf)2]) and hexyltriethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([N6222][N(Tf)2]) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a gold microdisk electrode. Chronoamperometric measurements were made to determine the diffusion coefficient, D, and concentration, c, of the electroactive oxygen dissolved in the ionic liquid by fitting experimental transients to the Aoki model. [Aoki, K.; et al. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1981, 122, 19]. A theory and simulation designed for cyclic voltammetry at microdisk electrodes was then employed to determine the diffusion coefficient of the electrogenerated superoxide species, O2•-, as well as compute theoretical voltammograms to confirm the values of D and c for neutral oxygen obtained from the transients. As expected, the diffusion coefficient of the superoxide species was found to be smaller than that of the oxygen in both ionic liquids. The diffusion coefficients of O2 and O2•- in [N6222][N(Tf)2], however, differ by more than a factor of 30 (DO2 = 1.48 × 10-10 m2 s-1, DO2•− = 4.66 × 10-12 m2 s-1), whereas they fall within the same order of magnitude in [EMIM][N(Tf)2] (DO2 = 7.3 × 10-10 m2 s-1, DO2•− = 2.7 × 10-10 m2 s-1). This difference in [N6222][N(Tf)2] causes pronounced asymmetry in the concentration distributions of oxygen and superoxide, resulting in significant differences in the heights of the forward and back peaks in the cyclic voltammograms for the reduction of oxygen. This observation is most likely a result of the higher viscosity of [N6222][N(Tf)2] in comparison to [EMIM][N(Tf)2], due to the structural differences in cationic component.
Efficient recognition of rotationally symmetric surfaces and straight homogeneous generalized cylinders (2002)

It is known that rotationally symmetric surfaces can be recognized from their outlines alone, using cross-ratios of bitangent intersections. A successful implementation of this technique is demonstrated using a novel bitangent finder which works on images of real scenes. The stability of the cross-ratios is reported and compared to affine invariants. The recognition technique is shown to extend to the case of straight homogeneous generalized cylinders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coding of arbitrarily shaped objects with binary and greyscale alpha-maps: what can MPEG-4 do for you? (1998)

MPEG-4 Visual, that part of the upcoming MPEG-4 standard describing the coding of natural and synthetic video signals, allows the encoding of video objects using motion, texture and shape information. In this paper, the shape coding algorithms and related texture coding algorithms are described. Whereas binary shapes are coded using a context-based arithmetic encoder with motion compensation, the coding of greyscale alpha maps requires coding of the values of the alpha maps inside of the object in addition to the binary shape information. In order to allow for an efficient coding of the texture at the boundary of arbitrarily shaped objects, padding techniques are used in the encoder and decoder.