gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Adaptive Scalable Video Coding Using Wyner-Ziv Techniques (2006)

This paper proposes a practical video coding framework based on distributed source coding principles, with the goal to achieve efficient and low-complexity scalable coding. Starting from a standard predictive coder as base layer (such as MPEG-4 baseline video coder in our implementation), the proposed Wyner-Ziv scalable (WZS) coder can achieve higher coding efficiency, by selectively exploiting the high quality reconstruction of the previous frame in the enhancement layer coding of the current frame. This creates a multi-layer Wyner-Ziv prediction "link," connecting the same bitplane level between successive frames, thus providing improved temporal prediction as compared to MPEG-4 FGS, while keeping complexity reasonable at the encoder. Since the temporal correlation varies in time and space, a block-based adaptive mode selection algorithm is designed for each bitplane, so that it is possible to switch between different coding modes. Experimental results show improvements in coding efficiency of 3–4.5 dB over MPEG-4 FGS for video sequences with high temporal correlation.
Soluble β-Amyloid Induction of Alzheimer's Phenotype for Human Fibroblast K + Channels (1994)

Although β-amyloid is the main constituent of neurite plaques and may play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, mechanisms by which soluble β-amyloid might produce early symptoms such as memory loss before diffuse plaque deposition have not been implicated. Treatment of fibroblasts with β-amyloid (10 nM) induced the same potassium channel dysfunction previously shown to occur specifically in fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer's disease—namely, the absence of a 113-picosiemen potassium channel. A tetraethylammonium-induced increase of intracellular concentrations of calcium, [Ca 2+ ] i , a response that depends on functional 113-picosiemen potassium channels, was also eliminated or markedly reduced by 10 nM β-amyloid. Increased [Ca 2+ ] i induced by high concentrations of extracellular potassium and 166-picosiemen potassium channels were unaffected by 10 nM β-amyloid. In Alzheimer's disease, then, β-amyloid might alter potassium channels and thus impair neuronal function to produce symptoms such as memory loss by a means other than plaque formation.
Reduced susceptibility to collagen‐induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice expressing the TSG‐6 transgene (2002)

TSG-6 expression has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid and other forms of arthritis. Our data show that local expression of TSG-6 at sites of inflammation results in potent inhibition of inflammation and joint destruction in a model of autoimmune arthritis in mice. Therefore, it is likely that TSG-6 plays a similar modulatory role in human rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases and may have potential for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis in humans.
Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Current perspective (2013)

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development via production and secretion of various regulatory chemicals in the vicinity of rhizosphere. Generally, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria facilitate the plant growth directly by either assisting in resource acquisition (nitrogen, phosphorus and essential minerals) or modulating plant hormone levels, or indirectly by decreasing the inhibitory effects of various pathogens on plant growth and development in the forms of biocontrol agents. Various studies have documented the increased health and productivity of different plant species by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under both normal and stressed conditions. The plant-beneficial rhizobacteria may decrease the global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals which destabilize the agro-ecosystems. This review accentuates the perception of the rhizosphere and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under the current perspectives. Further, explicit outlooks on the different mechanisms of rhizobacteria mediated plant growth promotion have been described in detail with the recent development and research. Finally, the latest paradigms of applicability of these beneficial rhizobacteria in different agro-ecosystems have been presented comprehensively under both normal and stress conditions to highlight the recent trends with the aim to develop future insights.
Advanced glycosylation endproducts on erythrocyte cell surface induce receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages. A model for turnover of aging cells. (1987)

Glucose can react nonenzymatically with amino groups of proteins to form covalent Amadori products. With time these adducts undergo further rearrangements to form irreversible advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGE), which accumulate with protein age. A specific AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI), has been identified on proteins in vivo. We have recently shown that a macrophage receptor specifically recognizes and internalizes proteins modified by AGE such as FFI, thus preferentially degrading senescent macromolecules. Reasoning that cellular turnover may be mediated by macrophage recognition of AGE-membrane proteins, we prepared human RBCs with FFI attached chemically. Human monocytes were incubated with either FFI-RBCs, IgG-opsonized RBCs, or PBS-treated RBCs. Erythrophagocytosis of FFI-RBCs was significantly higher than that of PBS-RBCs (55 vs. 4%; p less than 0.0025) and almost as high as that of IgG-RBCs (70%), and was competitively inhibited by AGE-BSA. AGE-RBCs were also prepared by incubating RBCs with various sugars. Human monocytes showed a 15% ingestion of glucose-RBCs, and a 26% ingestion of glucose-6-phosphate-RBCs, compared to 6% for PBS-RBCs. Similarly, diabetic mouse RBCs were phagocytosed by nearly three times more cells (21%) than normal mouse RBCs when exposed to syngeneic mouse macrophages. This phagocytosis was competitively inhibited (70%) by addition of excess AGE-BSA. The in vivo half-life of 51Cr-labeled mouse FFI-RBCs injected into syngeneic mice was reduced to 7 d, as compared to a half-life of 20 d for the controls. These data suggest that the macrophage receptor for the removal of glucose-modified proteins may also mediate the endocytosis of RBCs with AGE formed on their surface, and thus be responsible in part for the removal of some populations of aging cells.
Ab Initio Study of the Surface Properties and Nanoscale Effects of LiMnPO[sub 4] (2008)

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the surface energies, equilibrium morphology, and surface redox potentials for in the olivine structure. Low-energy surfaces are found in the [100], [010], [011], [101], [201], and [301] directions of the orthorhombic structure. With the calculated surface energies, we provide the thermodynamic equilibrium shape for the crystal through a Wulff construction. The dominating surfaces in the Wulff shape are (010), (011), and (201). Most of the surfaces in the Wulff shape have lower Li extraction potentials than the bulk, except for the (100) and (011) surfaces.
Aspartate 171 Is the Major Primate-specific Determinant of Human Growth Hormone (1997)

It has been known for more than 4 decades that only primate growth hormones are effective in primate species, but it is only with the availability of the 2.8 A structure of the human growth hormone (hGH).hGH-binding protein (hGHBP)2 complex that Souza and co-workers (Souza, S. C., Frick, G. P., Wang, X., Kopchick, J. J., Lobo, R. B., and Goodman, H. M. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 959-963) were able to provide evidence that Arg-43 on the primate receptor is responsible. Here we have examined systematically the interaction between Arg-43 (primate receptor) or Leu-43 (non-primate receptors) and their complementary hormone residues Asp-171 (primate GH) and His-170 (non-primate hormones) in a four-way comparison involving exchanges of histidine and aspartate and exchanges of arginine and leucine. BAF/B03 lines were created and characterized which stably expressed hGH receptor, R43L hGH receptor, rabbit GH receptor, and L43R rabbit GH receptor. These were examined for site 1 affinity, for the ability to bind intact cells, and for proliferative biopotency using hGH, D171H hGH, porcine GH, or H170D porcine GH. We find that the single interaction between Arg-43 and His-170/171 is sufficient to explain virtually all of the primate species specificity, and this is congruent with the crystal structure. Accordingly, for the first time we have been able to engineer a non-primate hormone to bind to and activate the human GH receptor.
Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor and ligand in liver damage. (1995)

Apoptosis occurs in the normal liver and in various forms of liver disease. The CD95 (APO-1/Fas) (CD95) receptor mediates apoptosis, and liver cells in animal models are acutely sensitive to apoptosis initiated by this receptor. We have used primary human hepatocytes as a model system to investigate CD95-mediated apoptotic liver damage. Treatment of fresh human hepatocytes with low concentrations of agonistic antibodies against CD95 resulted in apoptosis of > 95% of the cultured liver cells within 4 and 7.5 h. Immunohistology of a panel of explanted liver tissues revealed that hepatocytes in normal livers (n = 5) and in alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 13) expressed low constitutive levels of CD95. CD95 receptor expression was highly elevated in hepatocytes in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (n = 9) and in acute liver failure (n = 8). By in situ hybridization CD95 ligand messenger RNA expression was absent in normal liver but detected at high levels in livers with ongoing liver damage. In cases of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis and acute hepatic failure, ligand expression was found primarily in areas with lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast, in patients with alcoholic liver damage, high CD95 ligand messenger RNA expression was found in hepatocytes. These findings suggest that liver destruction in hepatitis B may primarily involve killing of hepatocytes by T lymphocytes using the CD95 receptor-ligand system. In alcoholic liver damage, death of hepatocytes might occur by fratricide and paracrine or autocrine mechanisms mediated by the hepatocytes themselves.
Increased Plasma Gluconeogenic and System A Amino Acids in Patients with Pancreatic Diabetes due to Chronic Pancreatitis in Comparison with Primary Diabetes. (1994)

We examined the plasma amino acid profiles of 17 patients with pancreatic diabetes in comparison with those of 14 healthy subjects and 16 patients with primary diabetes of similarly poor glycemic control. We also measured fasting plasma glucagon and free insulin levels in patients with pancreatic diabetes and in those with primary diabetes. The fasting plasma amino acid level was highest in patients with pancreatic diabetes. Furthermore, the plasma glucagon level in patients with pancreatic diabetes was significantly low, and negative correlations were found between glucagon and glucagon-related System A and gluconeogenic amino acids. On the other hand, the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and System L amino acids, which are subjected to change in the state of diabetes mellitus, increased in patients with pancreatic diabetes. From the above results, we determined that the amino acid profile in patients with pancreatic diabetes resembled that in patients with total pancreatectomy. It is our opinion that the increases of amino acid levels (gluconeogenic and System A amino acids) in patients with pancreatic diabetes is not dependent on maldigestion/malabsorption under treatment, but is mainly dependent on glucagon deficiency.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Idoxifene Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Enhances Reendothelialization, and Inhibits Neointimal Formation In Vivo After Vascular Injury (2000)

Background —Idoxifene (ID) is a tissue-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). The pharmacological profile of ID in animal studies suggests that it behaves like an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist in bone and lipid metabolism while having negligible ER activity on the reproductive system. It is unknown whether ID retains the vascular protective effects of estrogen. Methods and Results —In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), ID inhibited platelet-derived growth factor–induced DNA synthesis and mitogenesis with IC 50 values of 20.4 and 27.5 nmol/L, respectively. Treatment with ID resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrest in serum-stimulated VSMCs. ID 1 to 100 nmol/L significantly protected endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced apoptosis in vitro. Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats ovariectomized 1 week before the study were treated with ID (1 mg · kg − 1 · d − 1 ) or vehicle by gavage for 3 days before balloon denudation in carotid artery. The SMC proliferation in injured vessels was determined by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The number of PCNA-positive SMCs was reduced by 69%, 82%, and 86% in the media at days 1, 3 and 7, respectively, and by 78% in the neointima at day 7 after injury in ID- versus vehicle-treated group ( P &lt;0.01). ID significantly enhanced reendothelialization in the injured carotid arteries as determined by Evans blue stain and immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor. In the former assay, the reendothelialized area in injured vessels was 43% in ID-treated group versus 24% in the vehicle group ( P &lt;0.05); in the latter assay, the numbers of von Willebrand factor–positive cells per cross section increased from 24.8 (vehicle) to 60.5 (ID) ( P &lt;0.01) at day 14 after injury. In addition, the production of nitric oxide from excised carotid arteries was significantly higher in ID-treated than the vehicle group (8.5 versus 2.7 nmol/g, P &lt;0.01). Finally, ID treatment reduced neointimal area and the ratio of intima to media by 45% and 40%, respectively ( P &lt;0.01), at day 14 after balloon angioplasty. Conclusions —The results indicate that ID beneficially modulates the balloon denudation–induced vascular injury response. Inhibition of VSMC proliferation and acceleration of endothelial recovery likely mediate this protective effect of ID.
Programmable holographic elements for WDM (1997)

We describe the results of a new wavelength-division-muitiplexing (WDM) technology for use in optical telecommunications. A polarisation-insensitive ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a programmable holographic element in conjunction with a highly wavelength-dispersive fixed diffractive element has been used to perform a number of important WDM functions. Demultiplexing of single and multiple WDM signals spaced by 4 nm, and dynamic equalisation to within 0.75 dB of eight channels spaced by 3.85 nm with an input signal range of 9.5 dB. An erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL) has been tuned over 38 nm using the holographic filter, with controlled single and multiple lasing frequencies. Apodisation of the filter passband has also been demonstrated. (6 pages)
Architectural limits on split genes (1996)

Exon/intron architecture varies across the eukaryotic kingdom with large introns and small exons the rule in vertebrates and the opposite in lower eukaryotes. To investigate the relationship between exon and intron size in pre-mRNA processing, internally expanded exons were placed in vertebrate genes with small and large introns. Both exon and intron size influenced splicing phenotype. Intron size dictated if large exons were efficiently recognized. When introns were large, large exons were skipped; when introns were small, the same large exons were included. Thus, large exons were incompatible for splicing if and only if they were flanked by large introns. Both intron and exon size became problematic at approximately 500 nt, although both exon and intron sequence influenced the size at which exons and introns failed to be recognized. These results indicate that present-day gene architecture reflects at least in part limitations on exon recognition. Furthermore, these results strengthen models that invoke pairing of splice sites during recognition of pre-mRNAs, and suggest that vertebrate consensus sequences support pairing across either introns or exons.
Maternal Mosaicism Is a Significant Contributor to Discordant Sex Chromosomal Aneuploidies Associated with Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (2013)

The accuracy of NIPT for ChrX and ChrY can be improved substantially by integrating the results of maternal-plasma sequencing with those for maternal-WBC sequencing. The relatively high frequency of maternal mosaicism warrants mandatory WBC testing in both shotgun sequencing- and single-nucleotide polymorphism-based clinical NIPT after the finding of a potential fetal SCA.
The business case for software reuse (1993)

To remain competitive, software development organizations must reduce cycle time and cost, while at the same time adding function and improving quality. One potential solution lies in software reuse. Because software reuse is not free, we must weigh the potential benefits against the expenditures of time and resources required to identify and integrate reusable software into products. We first introduce software reuse concepts and examine the cost-benefit trade-offs of software reuse investments. We then provide a set of metrics used by IBM to accurately reflect the effort saved by reuse. We define reuse metrics that distinguish the savings and benefits from those already gained through accepted software engineering techniques. When used with the return-on-investment (ROI) model described in this paper, these metrics can effectively establish a sound business justification for reuse and can help assess the success of organizational reuse programs.
N-Aralkylmorpholines1 (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Aralkylmorpholines1Marlin T. Leffler and E. H. VolwilerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 4, 896–899Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01271a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01271a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Permissive Effects of Hormones on Lipolysis1 (1970)

Hypophysectomy severely reduced glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) production by segments of epididymal fat. Preincubation of adipose tissue from either hypophysectomized or normal rats with dexamethasone (.016 μg/ml) increased glycerol and FFA production in response to low concentrations of epinephrine (.01–0.05 μg/ml). This effect of dexamethasone had a lag period in excess of 2 hr, and was blocked by actinomycin d. Glucose was not required. Even greater potentiation was seen when growth hormone was also present. It is suggested that acute effects of dexamethasone on lipolysis may result from some modification in the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, secondary to the induction of synthesis of some new species of protein. Pretreatment of hypophysectomized rats with triiodothyronine (T3, 5 μg/rat) also markedly potentiated the lipolytic response of segments of adipose tissue to epinephrine and theophylline when tested in vitro 16 hr later. This effect of T3 was not inhibited by actinomycin d. At 3, 6 and 12 hr after injection, T3 increased lipolysis in response to epinephrine but not to theophylline. Exposure of adipose tissue to T8 in vitro at a concentration of 10−6M for 3 or 6 hr failed to increase the lipolytic response to epinephrine in the subsequent hour. Addition of T3in vitro along with growth hormone and dexamethasone produced no greater increase in the lipolytic response to epinephrine than did growth hormone and dexamethasone alone. Lipolysis in response to epinephrine was not enhanced by dexamethasone or dexamethasone and growth hormone when tested in tissues of hypophysectomized rats which received T3 16 hr earlier. It is suggested that T2 causes multiple, temporally separable modifications of the lipolytic apparatus. (Endocrinology86: 1064, 1970)
Treatment of allergic rhinitis with probiotics: An alternative approach (2013)

Allergic rhinitis is a skewed immune reaction to common antigens in the nasal mucosa; current therapy is not satisfactory and can cause a variety of complications. In recent decades, the incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing every year. Published studies indicate that probiotics are beneficial in treating allergic rhinitis. This review aims to help in understanding the role of probiotics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. We referred to the PubMed database as data source. This review focuses on the following aspects: The types of probiotics using in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, approaches of administration, its safety, mechanisms of action, treating results, and the perspectives to improve effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This review reports the recent findings regarding the role of probiotics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Probiotics are a useful therapeutic remedy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be further investigated.
Filter banks implemented with integrated thin film resonators (2002)

Filter banks composed of five or more bandpass filters fabricated on a single die have been demonstrated and are under continuing development. Such filters will find applications in multi-channel radios, spectrum analyzers, and in other frequency control applications. Fabrication of ladder bandpass filters requires that resonators be built at two or more frequencies for each filter. In the simplest form of the ladder filter, at least one frequency is needed for the series resonator and a lower frequency for the shunt resonator. This paper reports on a technique to fabricate multiple frequency resonators and experimental results for a simple five channel filter bank.
Sociological Theory and Mental Retardation (1995)

The most salient fact about the relationship between sociology and mental retardation is its lack of interest in the topic. Sociologists, as well as anthropologists, who study medical care, health systems, the insane, deviant behaviour and social stratification have conspicuously avoided the examination of those individuals in society who are developmentally disabled. As the British sociologist Richard Jenkins (1991) asks regarding the study of the mentally retarded