gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid division of aperture/division of a focal-plane polarimeter for real-time polarization imagery without an instantaneous field-of-view error (2006)

The direct, instantaneous measurement of the Stokes parameters of optical radiation is not possible using only a single detector. To infer the Stokes parameters in an image, the optical intensity must be modulated in time, space, or spectral characteristics and multiple measurements must be made on a pixel-by-pixel basis across the scene. Most existing imaging polarimetry strategies generally suffer from either spatial or temporal misregistration. Those strategies that do not suffer from misregistration have severe restrictions placed on the spectral properties of the illumination and/or optical system. A hybrid polarimeter is proposed that can be used for broadband imaging applications that, in principle, can be made without any temporal or spatial misalignment and that does not require detailed knowledge of the spectral properties of the radiation. The strategy uses arrays of microlenses and micropolarizers to create a high-resolution spatial array of nonimaging division of aperture polarimeters.
Bovine kidney β-mannosidase: purification and characterization (1993)

Lysosomal beta-mannosidase was purified 160,000-fold in 24% yield from bovine kidney by a four-step purification procedure, which included concanavalin A-Sepharose, immunoaffinity, TSK-butyl and h.p.l.c. cation-exchange chromatography. When analysed by SDS/PAGE and detected by Coomassie Blue or silver staining, the purified enzyme preparation consists of two prominent peptides (100 and 110 kDa) and a third minor peptide (84 kDa). These three peptides are immunologically related and are consistently associated with beta-mannosidase activity in all chromatographic steps. Removal of N-linked carbohydrate from the 84, 100 and 110 kDa peptides decreases their molecular sizes to 75, 86 and 91 kDa respectively. Bovine kidneys lacking beta-mannosidase, activity, acquired from calves affected with beta-mannosidosis, do not contain detectable quantities of the three beta-mannosidase peptides, as judged by monoclonal- and polyclonal-antibody reactivity.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Novel Series of Nonsteroidal, Peripherally Selective Androgen Receptor Antagonists Derived from 1,2-Dihydropyridono[5,6-g]quinolines (1998)

A new nonsteroidal antiandrogenic pharmacophore has been discovered using cell-based cotransfection assays with human androgen receptor (hAR). This series of AR antagonists is structurally characterized by a linear tricyclic 1,2-dihydropyridono[5,6-g]quinoline core. Analogues inhibit AR-mediated reporter gene expression and bind to AR as potently as or better than any known AR antagonists. Several analogues also showed excellent in vivo activity in classic rodent models of AR antagonism, inhibiting growth of rat ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, without accompanying increases in serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels, as is seen with other AR antagonists. Investigations of structure-activity relationships surrounding this pharmacophore resulted in molecules with complete specificity for AR, antagonist activity on an AR mutant commonly observed in prostate cancer patients, and improved in vivo efficacy. Molecules based on this series of compounds have the potential to provide unique and effective clinical opportunities for treatment of prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent diseases.
An integrative approach to predicting the functional effects of non-coding and coding sequence variation (2015)

We show that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms, CADD and GWAVA, when predicting the functional consequences of non-coding variants. In addition, FATHMM-MKL is comparable to the best of these algorithms when predicting the impact of coding variants. The method includes a confidence measure to rank order predictions.
Initiation of phage phi 29 DNA replication in vitro: formation of a covalent complex between the terminal protein, p3, and 5'-dAMP. (1982)

Incubation of extracts of phi 29-infected Bacillus subtilis with [alpha-32P]dATP produced a labeled protein having the electrophoretic mobility of p3, the 5'-terminal protein of phi 29 DNA. The reaction product was resistant to treatment with micrococcal nuclease, phosphatase, and RNases A and T1 and sensitive to proteinase K. Incubation of the 32P-labeled protein with piperidine under conditions in which the phi 29 DNA-protein p3 linkage is hydrolyzed released 5'-dAMP. The reaction with [alpha-32P]dATP was strongly inhibited by anti-p3 serum and required the preence of phi 29 DNA-protein p3 complex; no reaction took place with proteinase K-treated phi29 DNA. These results, together with those of acid hydrolysis and partial proteolysis, indicated that a covalent complex between protein p3 and 5'-dAMP is formed in vitro. The initiation complex (protein p3-dAMP) formed in the presence of 0.5 microM [alpha-32P]dATP can be elongated by addition of 40 microM dNTPs. Treatment with piperidine of the product elongated in the presence of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate released the expected oligonucleotides, 9 and 12 bases long, taking into account the sequence at the left and right DNA ends, respectively.
Modification of PA/PU superfine non-woven fiber for “breath” property using collagen and vegetable tannins (2018)

Unfigured sea-island superfine fiber PA/PU non-woven (USFSLB) is used to mimic leather’s microstructure as the base of artificial leather. USFSLB has many characteristics and advantages resembling those of natural leather. However, compared with natural leather, the wearing comfort of artificial leather is inferior due to its poor moisture adsorption and permeability. In this work, a “two-step” method of chemical treatment is proposed, in which collagen/chromium-vegetable tannin (C-CrT) is immobilized on nylon fiber of USFSLB to improve its moisture adsorption and permeability (“breath” property). The two-step surface modification involved sulfuric acid hydrolysis and modifying the C-CrT on nylon fiber. Compared with the pristine USFSLB, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the anti-static performance, the thickness, and the uniformity of C-CrT-treated USFSLB were improved at different levels. Importantly, the C-CrT-treated USFSLB showed excellent moisture adsorption and permeability, especially the liquid wicking rate (LWR) improved by 344%. The self-assembly mechanism of collagen/chromium-vegetable tannin (C-CrT) modified on nylon fibers was analyzed and discussed.
Prospective assessment of C4d deposits on circulating cells and renal tissues in lupus nephritis: a pilot study (2011)

Complement activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN), a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We prospectively evaluated 15 LN subjects and two control groups: 13 non-SLE renal subjects (control A) and 239 SLE subjects without LN (control B). All had C4d levels on circulating erythrocytes (E-C4d), reticulocytes (R-C4d) and platelets (P-C4d) measured by flow cytometry, while C4d deposition in renal tissue was semiquantitatively assessed in LN subjects and control A using immunoperoxidase staining. Compared with control A, LN biopsies had higher glomerular-C4d scores (p = 0.003), which were associated with more frequent granular glomerular immunofluorescence staining and electron dense deposits (p < 0.001). Compared with control A and B groups, LN subjects had higher E-C4d (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005) and R-C4d levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008), respectively. LN subjects were more likely to have P-C4d compared with control A (p = 0.016). In LN, only E-C4d correlated with National Institutes of Health (NIH) activity index (r = 0.55, p = 0.04). In conclusion, LN biopsies showed frequent glomerular-C4d staining associated with immune complex deposits. LN subjects had higher E-C4d and R-C4d levels compared with both control groups. E-C4d levels also correlated with NIH activity index. These findings suggest a potential role of C4d on circulating cells as a biomarker for lupus nephritis.
Inorganic ions in glasses and polycrystalline pellets as fluorescence standard reference materials (1972)

The absorption and fluorescence of inorganic glasses and polycrystalline disks doped by heavy metal ions is discussed, and their use as fluorescence standards is evaluated. The advantages of the glass standards over other media is summarized. The glass standards are divided into two groups (1) glasses doped by trivalent rare earths such as Gd<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>, Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Sm<sup>3+</sup>, and Tm<sup>3+</sup> which have narrow band optical spectra as a result of intraconfigurational transitions, and (2) glasses and polycrystalline disks doped by ions such as Tl<sup>+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Ce<sup>3+</sup>, and Cu<sup>+</sup> which have broad spectral bands since the optical spectra originate from interconfigurationally allowed transitions. Optical and physical parameters, including matrix effects, quantum efficiencies, decay characteristics, Stokes' shifts and spin-orbit versus orbit-lattice interactions due to the different transitions will be discussed. Group (1) glasses are suitable for use as standards where a narrow well-defined fluorescence range is required, and group (2) glasses are suitable for use as standards whenever a substance with a wide range of fluorescence is measured. Special emphasis will be placed on energy transfer between donor and acceptor ions.
Radioligand Binding Assays for Adenosine Receptors (1990)

The technique of radioligand binding is one that has been of considerable importance in defining receptor function at the molecular level. In addition to providing evidence for the potential existence of receptor subtypes, subclasses, and states (Williams and Enna, 1986; Williams and Sills, 1989), the ease and resource efficiency of the technique makes it an indispensable part of the drug discovery process, facilitating the targeted screening of many thousands of new chemical entities (NCEs) to allow for the discovery of new structural classes that interact with the receptor target (Williams and Jarvis, 1989). In the adenosine area, the technique has permitted the discovery of several classes of heterocyclic compounds that function as adenosine antagonists (Psychoyos et al., 1982; Williams et al., 1987a; Daly et al., 1988; Trivedi and Bruns, 1988; Peet et al., 1988; Williams, 1989) but to date, the only known agonists at adenosine receptors retain properties of the purine nucleoside structure.
Separation and Concentration of Bacterial Spores and Vegetative Cells by Foam Flotation (1958)

COSTILOW, R. N. AND HUMPHREYS, T. W. 1955 Nitrate reduction by certain strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Science, 121, 168. CUNNINGHAM, A. AND SMITH, A. M. 1940 The microbiology of silage made by the addition of mineral acids to crops rich in protein. II. The microflora. J. Dairy Research, 11, 243-265. DACRE, J. C. AND SHARPE, M. E. 1956 Catalase production by lactobacilli. Nature, 178, 700. EVANS, J. B. AND NIVEN, C. F., JR. 1951 Nutrition of the heterofermentative lactobacilli that cause greening of cured meat products. J. Bacteriol., 62, 599-603. FELTON, E. A., EVANS, J. B., AND NIVEN, C. F., JR. 1953 Production of catalase by the pediococci. J. Bacteriol., 65, 481-482. FRED, E. B., PETERSON, W. H., AND DAVENPORT, A. 1919 Acid fermentation of xylose. J. Biol. Chem., 39, 347-384. HARRISON, A. P., JR., AND HANSEN, P. A. 1950a A motile Lactobacillus from the cecal feces of turkeys. J. Bacteriol., 59, 444-446. HARRISON, A. P., JR., AND HANSEN, P. A. 1950b Lactobacilli from turkeys. J. Bacteriol., 60, 543-555. HAYS, G. L. AND REISTER, D. W. 1952 The conitrol of offodor spoilage in frozen concentrated orange juice. Food Technol., 6, 386-389. MANN, S. 0. AND OXFORD, A. E. 1954 Studies of some presumptive lactobacilli isolated from the rumens of young calves. J. Gen. Microbiol., 11, 83-90. ORLA-JENSEN, S. 1919 The lactic acid bacteria. Mem. Acad. RoV. Sci., Danemark, Sect. Sci., 8 ser., 5, 81-197. ORLA-JENSEN, S. 1943 The lactic acid bacteria. Ergainzungsband. Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci., Danemark, Sect. Sci. Biol., 2, (3), 1-145. ROGOSA, M., WISEMAN, R. F., MITCHELL, J. A., DISRAELY, M. N., AND BEAMAN, A. J. 1953 Species differentiation of oral lactobacilli from man including descriptions of Lactobacillus salivarius nov. spec. and Lactobacillus cellobiosus nov. spec. J. Bacteriol., 65, 681-699. VANKOVA, J. 1957 Motile catalase-producing strains of Lactobacillus delbruckii. Nature, 179, 204. WEINSTEIN, L. AND RETTGER, L. F. 1932 Biological and chemical studies of the Lactobacillus genus with special reference to xylose fermentation by Lactobacillus pentoaceticu.s. J. Bacteriol., 24, 1-28.
Radiation therapy alone or in combination with surgery in the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus (1986)

The role of radiation in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was examined in a review of 74 patients treated with curative intent between 1974 and 1981. Aspects studied included the pattern of failure, the use of radiation as a surgical adjuvant, achievement of palliation, and the presence of technical or clinical factors predicting for a better outcome. The group was divided into 9 patients irradiated after esophageal resection, 14 patients irradiated before resection, and 51 patients treated with radiation and no resection. Median and 2-year survival rates among 51 patients treated by radiation without esophagectomy were 8.8 months and 11%, whereas they were 9.7 months and 0% in patients treated by radiation followed by resection, and 9.5 months and 28% in patients undergoing resection followed by radiation. Local failures were suffered in 28/51 patients treated without esophagectomy with rates of 2/4, 7/10, 7/15, and 5/10 after 50-55 Gy, 55-60 Gy, 60-65 Gy, and 65-69 Gy, respectively. Although prognosis for patients presenting with unresectable disease remains poor, a somewhat better outcome may be expected in patients treated with postoperative radiation after potentially unfavorable resections. Other predictors include sex and disease stage.
A Method for the Quantitative Modification and Estimation of Carboxylic Acid Groups in Proteins (1967)

A method for the rapid modification under mild conditions of carboxyl groups in proteins has been developed. The method involves the activation of the carboxyl group by a water-soluble carbodiimide and the subsequent reaction of the activated carboxyl group with a nucleophile such as glycine methyl ester. The kinetics of the reaction indicates that there are limits to the variation of carbodiimide and nucleophile when quantitative modification is desired, but that a wide variety of reagents can be used if quantitative reaction is not essential. Thus, variation in the structure of the carbodiimide can affect the carboxyl groups activated, and variation in the charge, size, and chemical and spectral properties of the nucleophile can alter the type of modification at a specific carboxyl group. The reaction proceeds equally well in high concentrations of urea or guanidine hydrochloride. The method appears to be of wide utility for analytical purposes and structure-function correlations.
Power optimization in data-path scheduling and binding with multiple supply voltages and threshold voltages by simulated annealing (2005)

We present a scheme to optimize power consumption in data-path scheduling and binding with resources operating at multiple supply voltages and threshold voltages by simulated annealing. The proposed scheme considers both scheduling and binding simultaneously such that we have a wider solution space to explore and a solution with much lower power can be obtained. Besides, we give a more accurate high-level power model so that not only the dynamic and leakage power of function units but also the sharing of function units is taken into account. Experimental results on a number of high-level benchmark circuits using three supply voltage and threshold voltage levels show that an average power saving of about 68% can be obtained compared to using a single supply and threshold voltage level (with a time constraint of 1.2 times the critical path delay and a resource constraint of two function units of each type).
Isolation and Characterization of Adeno-Associated Viruses from Bovine Adenovirus Types 1 and 2 (1976)

Hemagglutinating DNA viruses of 20 nm diameter were isolated from bovine adenovirus types 1 and 2. The isolates were heat stable, chloroform resistant, and defective. Their densities were 1.38 to 1.39 g/cm3, and they were found to be serologically identical to the bovine adeno-associated virus strain X7. A partial antigenic relationship was found between these and the canine adeno-associated virus.
Synthesis and Protein Kinase Inhibitory Activity of Balanol Analogues with Modified Benzophenone Subunits (2002)

A series of analogues of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitory natural product balanol which bear modified benzophenone subunits are described. The analogues were designed with the goal of uncovering structure-activity features that could be used in the development of PKC inhibitors with a reduced polar character compared to balanol itself. The results of these studies suggest that most of the benzophenone features found in the natural product are important for obtaining potent PKC inhibitory compounds. However, several modifications were found to lead to selective inhibitors of the related enzyme protein kinase A (PKA), and several specific modifications to the polar structural elements of the benzophenone were found to provide potent PKC inhibitors. In particular, it was found that replacement of the benzophenone carboxylate with bioisosteric equivalents could lead to potent analogues. Further, a tolerance for lipophilic substituents on the terminal benzophenone ring was uncovered. These results are discussed in light of recently available structural information for PKA.
Socket cloning for cluster-based web servers (2003)

Cluster-based web server is a popular solution to meet the demand of the ever-growing web traffic. However existing approaches suffer from several limitations to achieve this. Dispatcher-based systems either can achieve only coarse-grained load balancing or would introduce heavy load to the dispatcher Mechanisms like cooperative caching consume much network resources when transferring large cache objects. In this paper, we present a new network support mechanism, called Socket Cloning (SC), in which an opened socket can be migrated efficiently between cluster nodes. With SC, the processing of HTTP requests can be moved to the node that has a cached copy of the requested document, thus bypassing any object transfer between peer servers. A prototype has been implemented and tests show that SC incurs less overhead than all the mentioned approaches. In trace-driven benchmark tests, our system outperforms these approaches by more than 30% with a cluster of twelve web server nodes.
Er det offentlige Danmark parat til geografisk baseret digital forvaltning ? (2013)

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Psychometric and Clinimetric Validity of the 20‐Item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (Snot‐20) (2002)

A valid measure of rhinosinusitis health status and quality of life is required for the complete assessment of treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20), a disease-specific, health-related quality-of-life measure for rhinosinusitis. The SNOT-20 is a modification of the 31-Item Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure, and it contains 20 nose, sinus, and general items. To complete the instrument, patients indicate how much they are affected in each area and identify the 5 most important items. The SNOT-20 was completed by 102, 72, and 46 patients at the initial visit and at 6 months and 1 year after treatment commencement, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.9; test-retest scores were highly correlated (r = 0.9). Patients who were more affected had greater SNOT-20 scores (P < 0.002), and patients who had improved had greater change scores (P < 0.04). Items identified as important had greater scores (P < 0.0001) and showed greater change scores (P < 0.0002). The SNOT-20 is a valid outcome measure for patients with rhinosinusitis; it describes the health burden and is sensitive to clinical change.
Sexing Bovine Sperm (2001)

Many methods of sexing sperm have been attempted, and there have been sufficient failures to cause much skepticism about sperm-sexing claims. However, recent work has clearly shown that one method is successful with various species, including cattle and horses. This procedure, flow cytometry/cell sorting, is 85 to 95% accurate. It was developed for sexing live sperm by Dr. Larry Johnson in the United States Department of Agriculture laboratory at Beltsville, Maryland, and patented by the U.S. government. Exclusive rights to the patent have been assigned to XY, Inc., a company in Colorado, for applications in non-human mammals. XY, Inc. has subsequently spent millions of dollars in further research, including development of faster sperm sorters. Much of this work was done in collaboration with Colorado State University.
Aneurysm induced by periarterial application of elastase heals spontaneously. (1998)

Aortic walls also returned to the pre-elastase application thickness and some mature medial elastic lamellae showed regeneration. Medial smooth muscle cells reverted to the contractile type. Aortic dilatation induced by peri-aortic application of elastase heals spontaneously, accompanied by regeneration of smooth muscle cells. Irreversible degeneration of medial smooth muscle cells appears to be more critical to aneurysm formation than degeneration of elastic lamellae.
Granzyme B Mimics Apical Caspases (1998)

Granzyme B (GrB) is predicted to trigger apoptosis by activating preferred caspases, but the zymogens that are directly processed by the granzyme and the requirements for these interactions remain unclarified. We examined this dilemma by comparing the kinetics and pattern of GrB-mediated activation of the executioner caspase-7 in vitro and in vivo. GrB rapidly activates procaspase-7 in vitro by cleaving between the large and small subunits leaving the propeptide intact. During GrB-mediated apoptosis, the caspase-7 propeptide is removed and cleavage occurs between the subunits. Strikingly, caspase-7 is unprocessed in caspase-3-deficient MCF-7 cells exposed to GrB but is rapidly activated when the cells are solubilized. Transfection with caspase-3 restores the removal of the caspase-7 propeptide and the capacity of GrB to subsequently activate the caspase. The data suggest that GrB activates caspase-3, which then removes the propeptide of caspase-7 allowing activation by GrB. Thus GrB initiates the death pathway by processing the accessible caspase-3, and the caspase-7 propeptide regulates trans-activation of the zymogen by granzyme. As a consequence, two proteases, caspase-3 and GrB, are required to activate procaspase-7.