gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonpermissivity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to adenovirus type 2 infection (1988)

The capacity of freshly explanted human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to support the replication of human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) was investigated. Unlike other types of human cells, PBL were found to be highly nonpermissive. Ad2 adsorbed 30 to 40% of both T and non-T cells. Virus uncoating was very slow and inefficient, resulting in a 40-fold reduction compared with HEp-2 cells. On a population basis, viral DNA synthesis was reduced 460-fold and infectious virus production was reduced 10(6)-fold. Only 0.35% of PBL produced infectious centers, yielding 0.8 PFU per infected cell. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation increased DNA synthesis 23-fold, infectious centers 11-fold, and virus yield 14-fold. We conclude that resting human PBL are highly nonpermissive to Ad2 infection and that phytohemagglutinin can only marginally lift this nonpermissiveness.
Degradation of nitrobenzene by a Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (1993)

A Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes able to use nitrobenzene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy was isolated from soil and groundwater contaminated with nitrobenzene. The range of aromatic substrates able to support growth was limited to nitrobenzene, hydroxylaminobenzene, and 2-aminophenol. Washed suspensions of nitrobenzene-grown cells removed nitrobenzene from culture fluids with the concomitant release of ammonia. Nitrobenzene, nitrosobenzene, hydroxylaminobenzene, and 2-aminophenol stimulated oxygen uptake in resting cells and in extracts of nitrobenzene-grown cells. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, crude extracts converted nitrobenzene to 2-aminophenol with oxidation of 2 mol of NADPH. Ring cleavage, which required ferrous iron, produced a transient yellow product with a maximum A380. In the presence of NAD, the product disappeared and NADH was produced. In the absence of NAD, the ring fission product was spontaneously converted to picolinic acid, which was not further metabolized. These results indicate that the catabolic pathway involves the reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene and then to hydroxylaminobenzene; each of these steps requires 1 mol of NADPH. An enzyme-mediated Bamberger-like rearrangement converts hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol, which then undergoes meta ring cleavage to 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde. The mechanism for release of ammonia and subsequent metabolism are under investigation.
Substrate Specificities of 3-Oxoacyl-CoA Thiolase A and Sterol Carrier Protein 2/3-Oxoacyl-CoA Thiolase Purified from Normal Rat Liver Peroxisomes (1997)

thiolase A, 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase A; SCP-2, sterol carrier protein 2; SCP-X, sterol carrier protein X; SCP-2/thiolase, sterol carrier protein
Nucleotide sequence of the transcription unit containing the aroL and aroM genes from Escherichia coli K-12 (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of 2,021 base pairs (bp) of DNA containing the Escherichia coli aroLM operon was determined, and the coding regions of both aroL and aroM were identified. The 501-bp intercistronic region between aroL and aroM contains an open reading frame which might encode a 63-residue protein. Northern blots with RNA from strains carrying multicopy aroL+ plasmids detected one longer (2,000-base) and two shorter (950- and 1,100-base) transcripts which contained aroL. It was concluded that the longest transcript, which was not abundant, spanned the entire operon and that the shorter transcripts resulted from either termination or posttranscriptional processing in the intercistronic region. The DNA upstream of aroL contains a number of imperfect palindromes which are closely homologous to known sites of regulation by the TyrR protein in other operons.
General Base Catalysis of the Aminolysis of Phenyl Acetate1 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral Base Catalysis of the Aminolysis of Phenyl Acetate1William P. Jencks and Joan CarriuoloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 3, 675–681Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01488a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01488a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1077Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Artificial infection of grasses with endophytes (1985)

SUMMARY The endophytic fungi Acremonium loliae and a Gliocladium‐like sp. were isolated from Lolium perenne; A. coenophialum and a Phialophora‐like sp. from Festuca arundinacea; and Epichloe typhina from F. rubra . All five fungi infected endophyte‐free seedlings of the host grasses and F. arundinacea after artificial inoculation. All fungi except A. coenophialum were able to infect L. perenne . The inoculation technique involved placing endophyte mycelium into the coleoptile tissue of sterile seedlings growing on water agar in Petri dishes. Infection of mature plants with endophytes was not achieved. The presence of some endophytes in grasses can be beneficial to plant growth and persistence but deleterious to the health of animals which graze them. The desirability of infecting cultivars of grasses with endophytes is discussed.
Sequential ABL kinase inhibitor therapy selects for compound drug-resistant BCR-ABL mutations with altered oncogenic potency (2007)

Molecularly targeted kinase inhibitor cancer therapies are currently administered sequentially rather than simultaneously. We addressed the potential long-term impact of this strategy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which is driven by the fusion oncogene BCR-ABL. Analysis of BCR-ABL genotypes in CML patients who relapsed after sequential treatment with the ABL inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib revealed evolving resistant BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in all cases. Twelve patients relapsed with the pan-resistant T315I mutation, whereas 6 patients developed novel BCR-ABL mutations predicted to retain sensitivity to imatinib based on in vitro studies. Three of these patients were retreated with imatinib (or the chemically related compound nilotinib) and responded; however, selection for compound mutants (2 or 3 BCR-ABL mutations in the same molecule) can substantially limit the potential effectiveness of retreating patients with inhibitors that have previously failed. Furthermore, drug-resistant mutations, when compounded, can increase oncogenic potency relative to the component mutants in transformation assays. The Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680, currently under clinical evaluation based on its activity against the T315I mutation, is also effective against the other commonly detected dasatinib-resistant mutation in our analysis, V299L. Our findings demonstrate the potential hazards of sequential kinase inhibitor therapy and suggest a role for a combination of ABL kinase inhibitors, perhaps including VX-680, to prevent the outgrowth of cells harboring drug-resistant BCR-ABL mutations.
Comment on "Failure of Bone Marrow Cells to Transdifferentiate into Neural Cells in Vivo" (2003)

Castro et al . ([1][1]) reported that bone marrow cells (BMCs) fail to generate neural cells in vivo. The bone marrow they injected came from mice in which LacZ expression was driven by a widely expressed trapped promoter. In principle, such cells and their progeny should readily be detected by
Tobermorite Synthesis Under Hydrothermal Conditions (2016)

The influence of different hydrothermal conditions and starting materials on a preparation of tobermorite was examined. Tobermorite is a mineral, which, thanks to its composition and properties, is an important phase in aerated concrete and it can be also used as an ion exchanger. Tobermorite crystallizes together with other calcium silicate hydrates from the system CaO–SiO2–H2O during hydrothermal reactions. Paper deals with the key role of starting materials pre-treatment and its influence on the hydrothermal synthesis process. The other important parameters for a synthesis of pure tobermorite as conditions of the reaction, especially the temperature of hydrothermal reaction and curing time were also studied. Phase composition of prepared samples was characterized by XRD and was confirmed by TG-DTA. For overall product characterization, the SEM was used.
Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates by reverse transcription PCR coupled to direct nucleotide sequencing and development of sequence database for pathotype prediction and molecular epidemiological analysis (1995)

Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized to amplify nucleotide sequences from portions of the fusion protein and matrix protein genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genomic RNA that could be used diagnostically. These primers were used in a single-tube reverse transcription PCR of NDV genomic RNA coupled to direct nucleotide sequencing of the amplified product to characterize more than 30 NDV isolates. In agreement with previous reports, differences in the fusion protein cleavage sequence that correlated genotypically with virulence among various NDV pathotypes were detected. By using sequences generated from the matrix protein gene coding for the nuclear localization signal, lentogenic viruses were again grouped phylogenetically separate from other pathotypes. These techniques were applied to compare neurotropic velogenic viruses isolated from an outbreak of Newcastle disease in cormorants and turkeys. Cormorant NDV isolates and an NDV isolate from an infected turkey flock in North Dakota had the fusion protein cleavage sequence 109SRGRRQKRFVG119. The R-for-G substitution at position 110 may be unique for the cormorant-type isolates. Although the amino acid sequences from the fusion protein cleavage site were identical, nucleotide sequence data correlate the outbreak in turkeys to a cormorant virus isolate from Minnesota and not to a cormorant virus isolate from Michigan. On the basis of sequence information, the cormorant isolates are virulent viruses related to isolates of psittacine origin, possibly genotypically distinct from other velogenic NDV isolates. These techniques can be used reliably for Newcastle disease epidemiology and for prediction of pathotypes of NDV isolates without traditional live-bird inoculations.
Gene-silencing technology gets first drug approval after 20-year wait (2018)

The US Food and Drug Administration’s decision breathes new life into RNA-interference therapies. RNA-interference therapies were once left for dead but now the US Food and Drug Administration has approved patisiran.
Herpes simplex virus type 1-specific immunity induced by peptides corresponding to an antigenic site of glycoprotein B (1990)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) envelope glycoproteins are the prime targets of adaptive antiviral immunity. Previous investigation identified a protective, neutralizing, glycoprotein B1 (gB-1)-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb B6) and localized the linear epitope recognized by the MAb to residue 84 of gB-1. Three overlapping peptides (two 20-mers and one 18-mer), together spanning amino acids 63 to 110 of the wild-type sequence of gB-1, were synthesized and analyzed for their ability to stimulate immunity which cross-reacts with HSV-1. All stimulated some level of response. Two peptides, the gB 18-mer and 20.1-mer, were recognized by MAb B6 and HSV-immune antibody but were unable to stimulate virus-neutralizing antibody or serum able to protect against zosteriform spread in vivo. The 20.2-mer peptide, however, which was not recognized by MAb B6 or HSV-generated immune antibody, stimulated the production of neutralizing antibody and serum able to protect against zosteriform spread. Immunization with all of the peptides was able to enhance viral clearance of a low dose of HSV-1 in an ear challenge model and induce antibody reactive in antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of HSV-1-infected cells in vitro. These results are the first report of HSV immunity induced by peptides corresponding to gB and indicate that the best immunogen, in terms of stimulating neutralizing antiserum able to protect in vivo against HSV-1, was a peptide not recognized by HSV-immune mechanisms or by the MAb used to localize it.
Translational regulation of the mammalian growth-related protein P23: involvement of eIF-4E. (1994)

Synthesis of the mammalian growth-related protein P23 is rapidly induced after serum stimulation of mouse fibroblasts and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. This induction occurs at the translational level. Growth-induction leads also to an increase in phosphorylation of the rate-limiting initiation factor eIF-4E. Here, we present the following evidence indicating the involvement of eIF-4E in the regulation of P23 synthesis: 1) P23 synthesis is induced by the same mitogenic stimuli which lead to enhanced eIF-4E phosphorylation. 2) Upon heat shock treatment of Ehrlich ascites cells (which results in immediate dephosphorylation and concomitant inactivation of eIF-4E), P23 synthesis is rapidly shut off. 3) In control NIH 3T3 cells, P23 synthesis is readily induced by growth stimulation. This response is strongly diminished in cells overexpressing eIF-4E, and the basal level of P23 synthesis is elevated in these cells. Overexpression of a nonfunctional mutant of eIF-4E diminishes the basal level of P23 synthesis as well as the serum-response of the cells with respect to P23 induction. 4) Cells transformed by overexpression of the ras or src genes in which eIF-4E is highly phosphorylated do not show any inducibility of P23 synthesis. 5) HeLa cells expressing antisense RNA of eIF-4E, have reduced levels of eIF-4E/F and show reduced rates of growth and protein synthesis. In these cells the total amount of P23 protein is about 50% compared with control cells. The results suggest that P23 is one of the gene products, the synthesis of which is regulated by eIF-4E activity.
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced receptor activation with anti-kinase insert domain-containing receptor single-chain antibodies from a phage display library. (1998)

A single-chain antibody phage display library was constructed from spleen cells of mice immunized with a soluble form of a human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR). After two rounds of biopanning, >90% of the clones recovered were specifically reactive to KDR. Subsequent selection identified two clones that blocked VEGF binding to KDR. The clones were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as soluble single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies. The affinities of the scFv for binding to KDR were determined by BIAcore analysis (2.1 x 10(-9)-5.9 x 10(-9) M). One scFv, p1C11, was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced KDR phosphorylation and VEGF-stimulated DNA synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. There is much experimental evidence to suggest that the VEGF/KDR/Flk-1 pathway plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, a process that is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. The antibodies discussed here, which block VEGF binding to KDR, have potential clinical application in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where pathological angiogenesis is involved.
Cholesterol Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease — Clinical Benefits and Possible Mechanisms (1995)

The causal role of an elevated serum cholesterol level in the genesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae, particularly ischemic heart disease, is now well established. The recognition of this role has been the impetus for numerous trials designed to test the hypothesis that a reduction in the cholesterol level will lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Most of these studies have indeed demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of ischemic cardiac events, and some have also shown a reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease. Despite this intensive investigation, however, the mechanism (or mechanisms) responsible . . .
Acute administration of ketamine in rats increases hippocampal BDNF and mTOR levels during forced swimming test (2012)

The antidepressant effect of ketamine might be related to the increased expression of BDNF and mTOR in the hippocampus of rats.
Acupuncture for Symptomatic Relief of Gastroparesis in a Diabetic Haemodialysis Patient (2010)

a diabetic haemodialysis patient with refractory gastroparesis treated with 16 sessions of acupuncture through 8 weeks as an adjunct to conventional drug treatment including prokinetics and antiemetics which remained the same during the treatment course. After the treatment, the total Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score (range 0-5) was reduced from 2.4 to 0.6 and half gastric emptying time measured by gastric scintigraphy with a solid meal was decreased from 135 to 93 min. At a 4-month follow-up after treatment, the patient reported complete reduction of subjective symptoms. We suggest that acupuncture may be an acceptable adjunct to the comprehensive care of gastroparesis in diabetic haemodialysis patients.
Security Warrior (2004)

When it comes to network security, many users and administrators are running scared, and justifiably so. The sophistication of attacks against computer systems increases with each new Internet worm. What's the worst an attacker can do to you? You'd better find out, right? That's what Security Warrior teaches you. Based on the principle that the only way to defend yourself is to understand your attacker in depth, Security Warrior reveals how your systems can be attacked. Covering everything from reverse engineering to SQL attacks, and including topics like social engineering, antiforensics, and common attacks against UNIX and Windows systems, this book teaches you to know your enemy and how to be prepared to do battle. Security Warrior places particular emphasis on reverse engineering. RE is a fundamental skill for the administrator, who must be aware of all kinds of malware that can be installed on his machines -- trojaned binaries, spyware that looks innocuous but that sends private data back to its creator, and more. This is the only book to discuss reverse engineering for Linux or Windows CE. It's also the only book that shows you how SQL injection works, enabling you to inspect your database and web applications for vulnerability. Security Warrior is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book covering the art of computer war: attacks against computer systems and their defenses. It's often scary, and never comforting. If you're on the front lines, defending your site against attackers, you need this book. On your shelf--and in your hands.
Expression of an Anaplerotic Enzyme, Pyruvate Carboxylase, Improves Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia coli (2002)

Anaplerotic enzyme reactions are those which replenish tricarboxylic acid intermediates that are withdrawn for the synthesis of biomass. In this study, we examined recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli containing activity in an additional anaplerotic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase. In batch fermentations, the presence of pyruvate carboxylase resulted in 68% greater production of the model protein, beta-galactosidase, 41% greater cell yield, and 57% lower acetate concentration. We discuss why these results indicate that acetate concentration does not limit cell growth and protein synthesis, as predicted by other researchers, and suggest instead that the rate of acetate formation represents an inefficient consumption of glucose carbon, which is reduced by the presence of pyruvate carboxylase.
Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia (1998)

Many reports of drug-induced thrombocytopenia do not provide evidence supporting a definite or probable causal relation between the disease and the drug. Future patient case reports should incorporate standard criteria to clearly establish the etiologic role of the drug.
Evolutionary conservation of surface molecules that distinguish T lymphocyte helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor subpopulations in mouse and man (1981)

We describe the biochemical properties and cell surface distributions of three human T cell antigens (Leu-1, Leu-2a, and Leu-2b) which we postulate to be the homologues of the Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and Lyt-3 antigens that distinguish functional T cell subsets in the mouse. Leu-l, like Lyt-1, is on all thymocytes and peripheral T cells and is present in greater amounts on the helper/inducer subset than on the cytotoxic/suppressor subset. Both antigens increase in parallel fashion during T cell maturation in the thymus and each antigen is carried on a single 67,000-molecular weight (relative) (M(r)) polypeptide chain. Surprisingly, Leu-1 and Lyt-1 each are also expressed in readily detectable amounts on some B celI Ieukemias but not detectably so on normal B cells. Leu-2a and Leu-2b are antigens found only on suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the human and are very similar to the murine Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 antigens. In both species, the two antigens are on the same disulfide- linked multimeric molecules. Disulfide-bond reduction in both species yields subunits of similar size and charge. Lyt-3 and Leu-2b are extremely sensitive to trypsin digestion on viable cells whereas Lyt-2 and Leu-2a are much less so. A different membrane antigen, Leu-3, is an exclusive marker of the helper/inducer subset in man. No mouse homologue for this 55,000-M(r) protein is known. The maintenance of the homologous molecules on functionally distinct T cell subpopulations in two evolutionarily distant species suggests that the Lyt and Leu antigens perform essential functions for the cells on which they are found.
Optical Selection Rules and Phase-Dependent Adiabatic State Control in a Superconducting Quantum Circuit (2005)

We analyze the optical selection rules of the microwave-assisted transitions in a flux qubit superconducting quantum circuit (SQC). We show that the parities of the states relevant to the superconducting phase in the SQC are well defined when the external magnetic flux phi(e) = phi(0)/2; then the selection rules are the same as the ones for the electric-dipole transitions in usual atoms. When phi(e) does not = phi(0)/2, the symmetry of the potential of the artificial "atom" is broken, a so-called delta-type "cyclic" three-level atom is formed, where one- and two-photon processes can coexist. We study how the population of these three states can be selectively transferred by adiabatically controlling the electromagnetic field pulses. Different from lambda-type atoms, the adiabatic population transfer in our three-level delta atom can be controlled not only by the amplitudes but also by the phases of the pluses.