gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different corneal epithelial healing mechanisms in rat and rabbit: role of actin and calmodulin. (1985)

The authors investigated the effects of calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine (10-20 microM) and W-7 (25-50 microM), and of cytochalasin B (5 micrograms/ml) on the F-actin distribution, surface morphology, and migration of rat and rabbit corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture. In the rat, actively migrating cells have abundant F-actin-containing stress fibers and numerous cytoplasmic extensions of the plasmalemma. These features, and ultimately cell migration, are inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors and cytochalasin B. In the rabbit, migrating cells are devoid of stress fibers and cytoplasmic extensions. Cell migration is not inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors but is arrested by cytochalasin B. The cell-to-substrate adhesion is reduced by calmodulin inhibitors in both rat and rabbit. These findings corroborate our earlier observations in organ culture studies and support the view that corneal epithelial cell migration is calmodulin-dependent in the rat, while it is not in the rabbit. The complete blockage of migration in both species by cytochalasin B suggests that actin polymerization is critical for corneal epithelial locomotion in both species.
Syntheses of Curcumin Bioconjugates and Study of Their Antibacterial Activities against β-Lactamase-Producing Microorganisms (2001)

In the present study curcumin bioconjugates, viz. di-O-glycinoylcurcumin (I), di-O-glycinoyl-C(4)-glycylcurcumin (II), 5'-deoxy-5'-curcuminylthymidine (5'-cur-T) (IV), and 2'-deoxy-2'-curcuminyluridine (2'-cur-U) (V) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and (1)H NMR. The turmeric peptide (Tp) was isolated from the aqueous turmeric extract of the turmeric rhizome. The antibacterial activity of these four bioconjugates and also of the turmeric peptide and sodium salt of curcumin (III) have been tested particularly for beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms.
Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on lutropin, follitropin, and thyrotropin. I. Structural elucidation of the sulfated and sialylated oligosaccharides on bovine, ovine, and human pituitary glycoprotein hormones. (1988)

We have elucidated the structures of the anionic asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present on the glycoprotein hormones lutropin (luteinizing hormone), follitropin (follicle-stimulating hormone), and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone). Purified hormones, isolated from bovine, ovine, and human pituitaries, were digested with N-glycanase, and the released oligosaccharides were reduced with NaB[3H]4. The 3H-labeled oligosaccharides from each hormone were then fractionated by anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into populations differing in the number of sulfate and/or sialic acid moieties. The anionic oligosaccharides were further purified as well as structurally characterized using a variety of preparative and analytical techniques, including HPLC, endo- and exoglycosidase digestions, and lectin affinity chromatography. The sulfated, sialylated, and sulfated/sialylated structures, which together comprised 67-90% of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on the pituitary glycoprotein hormones, were highly heterogeneous and displayed hormone- as well as animal species-specific features. The sulfated oligosaccharides consisted of hybrid and complex type oligosaccharides with one or two branches terminating in SO4-4GalNAc beta 1,4. In contrast, the sialylated oligosaccharides consisted of a wide array of differing structures containing two or three peripheral branches as well as one, two, or three sialic acid moieties. A previously uncharacterized dibranched oligosaccharide, bearing one residue each of sulfate and sialic acid, was found on all of the hormones except bovine lutropin. In this study, we describe the purification and detailed structural characterizations of the sulfated, sialylated, and sulfated/sialylated oligosaccharides found on lutropin, follitropin, and thyrotropin from several animal species. In the accompanying paper (Green, E.D., and Baenziger, J.U.(1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 36-44) we demonstrate the marked quantitative differences among the pituitary glycoprotein hormones in terms of sulfation, sialylation, and underlying oligosaccharide structures, as well as provide evidence for site-specific synthesis of oligosaccharides on individual hormones.
NKG2D-Mediated Cytotoxicity toward Oligodendrocytes Suggests a Mechanism for Tissue Injury in Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

NKG2D is an activating or coactivating receptor expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and gamma/delta T cells. NKG2D ligands have been detected on many tumor cell types and can be induced on nontransformed cells by environmental signals including DNA damage and inflammation. We investigated the contribution of NKG2D-NKG2D ligand interaction on CNS-directed immune responses. We observed that primary cultures of human adult oligodendrocytes and fetal astrocytes expressed ligands for NKG2D in vitro whereas neurons, microglia, and adult astrocytes did not. Disruption of the NKG2D-NKG2D ligand interaction using blocking antibodies significantly inhibited killing of primary human oligodendrocytes mediated by activated human NK cells, gamma/delta T cells, and allo-reactive CD8+ T cells. NKG2D ligands [major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecules A and B (MICA/B)] were detected in groups of cells and colocalized with an oligodendrocyte marker (adenomatous polyposis coli) in white matter sections obtained from multiple sclerosis lesions but not in normal control samples. CD8+ T cells could be detected in close proximity to MICA/B+ cells within multiple sclerosis lesions, supporting an in vivo interaction between these immune effectors and stressed MICA/B-expressing oligodendrocytes. These results imply that NKG2D-NKG2D ligand interaction can potentially contribute to cytotoxic responses mediated by activated immune effector cells in the inflamed CNS, as observed in multiple sclerosis.
Quantitative acoustic microscopy of individual living human cells (1993)

The elastic properties of cells can be measured with microscopic resolution by acoustic microscopy. By measuring the waveform of very short pulses, the thickness, and the acoustic velocity, impedance and attenuation can be determined from the two separate signals reflected from the top and the bottom of the cell.
THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS (1941)

1. The bactericidal action of a number of anionic and cationic synthetic detergents on four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria has been investigated. 2. Cationic detergents, as a group, were found to exhibit marked bactericidal effects on Gram-positive microorganisms and somewhat less pronounced action on Gram-negative organisms. 3. The anionic detergents were germicidal only against the Gram-positive organisms, and they were considerably less effective than the cationic compounds. Of the anionic detergents, the most active one was an alkyl sulfate derived from a branched-chain, secondary alcohol. 4. Correlations between bactericidal action and inhibition of bacterial metabolism, and also between bactericidal action and chemical structure of the detergents are discussed.
Automatic thumbnail cropping and its effectiveness (2003)

Thumbnail images provide users of image retrieval and browsing systems with a method for quickly scanning large numbers of images. Recognizing the objects in an image is important in many retrieval tasks, but thumbnails generated by shrinking the original image often render objects illegible. We study the ability of computer vision systems to detect key components of images so that automated cropping, prior to shrinking, can render objects more recognizable. We evaluate automatic cropping techniques 1) based on a general method that detects salient portions of images, and 2) based on automatic face detection. Our user study shows that these methods result in small thumbnails that are substantially more recognizable and easier to find in the context of visual search.
Nerve fiber growth in culture on tissue substrata from central and peripheral nervous systems (1987)

In adult mammals, injured neurons regenerate extensively within the PNS but poorly, if at all, within the CNS. We have studied the effect of substrata consisting of tissue sections from various nervous systems on nerve fiber growth in culture and correlated our results with the growth potential of these tissues in vivo. Ganglionic explants from embryonic chicks (9-12 d) fail to extend nerve fibers onto sections of adult rat optic nerve or spinal cord (CNS) but do so on sciatic nerve (PNS). Dissociated DRG neurons behave similarly whether in serum-containing or defined medium. Tissue substrata from nervous systems that support regeneration in vivo--i.e., goldfish optic nerve, embryonic rat spinal cord, degenerating sciatic nerve--also support fiber growth in culture. Within the same culture, neurons will grow onto sciatic nerve rather than neighboring optic nerve sections, suggesting that the responsible agent(s) is not soluble. In addition, neurons adhere more extensively to sciatic nerve substrata than to optic nerve. The occurrence of 3 molecules known to be involved in neuron-substratum adhesion and nerve fiber growth in vitro has been documented immunocytochemically in the tissue sections. One of these, laminin, is demonstrable in all tissues tested that supported nerve fiber growth. Immunoreactivities for fibronectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan are found in only some of these tissues. None of these 3 molecules can be demonstrated in neural cells of normal adult rat CNS tissue. Our data suggest that these molecules may be important effectors of nerve regeneration in neural tissues.
Preferential usage of the bone-type leader sequence for the transcripts of liver/bone/kidney-type alkaline phosphatase gene in neutrophilic granulocytes (1994)

Alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils (NAP) is a product of the liver/bone/kidney-type alkaline phosphatase gene, the chromosomal structure of which has recently been analyzed. The gene has two alternative leader sequences resulting in the two types of mRNA (liver-type and bone-type mRNAs), which suggests that the expression of the gene is regulated by independent promoters. To determine the mechanism underlying NAP induction, it is essential to know which type of the mRNAs is dominant in neutrophils. We adopted quantitative polymerase chain reaction method to determine the relative amount of bone-type mRNA in neutrophils. The bone-type mRNA was found to be at least 5 times more than the liver-type mRNA. mRNA of NAP is known to be induced by in vitro treatment of the cells with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is enhanced by a simultaneous addition of retinoic acid. In neutrophils treated with G-CSF, the bone-type mRNA was at least 6 times more than the liver-type mRNA. In neutrophils treated by both G-CSF and retinoic acid, the bone-type mRNA was at least 22 times more than the liver-type mRNA. The results show that the bone-type mRNA is predominantly transcribed in peripheral neutrophils and in neutrophils cultured in vitro.
Type 2 Diabetes Care and Insulin Intensification (2010)

PCPs are less involved in the initiation and intensification of insulin than specialists; however, all physicians appreciate the need for increased PCP involvement. A multidisciplinary approach that includes using the skills of diabetes educators will assist physicians in improving management of T2D.
Bead-Based Multiplex Genotyping of Human Papillomaviruses (2006)

Typing of human papillomaviruses (HPV) by DNA hybridization procedures, such as reverse line blot (RLB) assay, is sensitive and well validated. However, the application of these assays to high-throughput analyses is limited. Here, we describe the development of multiplex human papillomavirus genotyping (MPG), a quantitative and sensitive high-throughput procedure for the identification of multiple high- and low-risk genital HPV genotypes in a single reaction. MPG is based on the amplification of HPV DNA by a general primer PCR (GP5+/6+) and the subsequent detection of the products with type-specific oligonucleotide probes coupled to fluorescence-labeled polystyrene beads (Luminex suspension array technology). Up to 100 different HPV types can be detected simultaneously with MPG, and the method is fast and labor saving. We detected all 22 HPV types examined with high specificity and reproducibility (the median interplate coefficient of variation was below 10%). Detection limits for the different HPV types varied between 100 and 800 pg of PCR products. We compared the performance of MPG to an established RLB assay on GP5+/6+-PCR products derived from 94 clinical samples. The evaluation showed an excellent agreement (kappa = 0.922) but also indicated a higher sensitivity of MPG. In conclusion, MPG appears to be highly suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and vaccination trials as well as for routine diagnostic purposes.
Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors (2012)

When a large feedforward neural network is trained on a small training set, it typically performs poorly on held-out test data. This "overfitting" is greatly reduced by randomly omitting half of the feature detectors on each training case. This prevents complex co-adaptations in which a feature detector is only helpful in the context of several other specific feature detectors. Instead, each neuron learns to detect a feature that is generally helpful for producing the correct answer given the combinatorially large variety of internal contexts in which it must operate. Random "dropout" gives big improvements on many benchmark tasks and sets new records for speech and object recognition.
A Hybrid Distance-measurement/Angle-of-arrival Approach to Localization (2008)

Localization has received considerable attention because many wireless sensor network applications require accurate knowledge of the locations of the sensors in the network. The two main localization techniques are distance measurement and angle-of-arrival measurement. The former requires extensive calculations to resolve sign ambiguities in calculated angles, while the latter requires careful calibration to provide high accuracy. In this paper, we describe a hybrid technique, in which low-accuracy estimates of the angle-of-arrival are used to resolve the sign ambiguity in distance measurements. In many practical situations, the ambiguity can be resolved with a high probability of success even with an RMS error as high as 30 degrees in the line-of-bearing estimate, which avoids the need for calibration. Early resolution of this sign ambiguity can be used to develop lower-complexity localization techniques using distance measurement.
Measures of functioning using MSQ v2.1 in patients with a history of episodic migraine and treated with galcanezumab or placebo injections in a Phase 2 clinical trial (P2.179) (2017)

To evaluate changes from baseline to 12-week endpoint of two patient-reported disease-specific measures of functioning in adult patients with migraine treated with galcanezumab or placebo.
Novel Cationic Lipid That Delivers siRNA and Enhances Therapeutic Effect in Lung Cancer Cells (2009)

We have developed lipid-polycation-DNA (LPD) nanoparticles containing DOTAP and targeted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) tethered with anisamide (AA) to specifically deliver siRNA to H460 human lung carcinoma cells which express the sigma receptor. A novel non-glycerol based cationic lipid which contains both a guanidinium and a lysine residue as the cationic headgroup, i.e. DSGLA, downregulated pERK more efficiently in H460 cells than DOTAP. As demonstrated by using fluorescently labeled siRNA, LPD-PEG-AA prepared with DSGLA efficiently delivered siRNA to the cytoplasm of the H460 cells. Although the siRNA delivered by LPD-PEG-AA containing either DOTAP or DSGLA could effectively silence EGFR expression, a synergistic cell killing effect in promoting cellular apoptosis was only observed with DSGLA. The fluorescently labeled siRNA was efficiently delivered into the cytoplasm of H460 xenograft tumor by the LPD-PEG-AA containing either DOTAP or DSGLA 4 h after intravenous injection. Three daily injections (0.6 mg/kg) of siRNA formulated in the LPD-PEG-AA containing either DOTAP or DSGLA could effectively silence the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the tumor, but the formulation containing DSGLA could induce more cellular apoptosis. A significant improvement in tumor growth inhibition was observed after dosing with LPD-PEG-AA containing DSGLA. Thus, DSGLA served as both a formulation component as well as a therapeutic agent which synergistically enhanced the activity of siRNA.
Th1 cell adjuvant therapy combined with tumor vaccination: a novel strategy for promoting CTL responses while avoiding the accumulation of Tregs (2006)

We have previously described a method for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer based on antigen-specific T(h)1 cells. However, efficient induction of anti-tumor responses using T(h)1 cells remains a formidable challenge, especially for MHC class II-negative tumors. In the present study, we sought to develop a novel strategy to eradicate established tumors of the MHC class II-negative, ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing EG-7 cells. Tumor-bearing mice were intradermally treated with OVA-specific T(h)1 cells, combined with the model tumor antigen (OVA), near the tumor-draining lymph node (DLN). We found that tumor growth was significantly inhibited by this strategy and approximately 50-60% of tumor-bearing mice were completely cured. Tumor eradication was crucially dependent on the generation of OVA/H-2K(b)-specific CTLs in the tumor DLNs and tumor site. The injected T(h)1 cells were mainly distributed in tumor DLNs, where they vigorously proliferated and enhanced the activation of dendritic cells. Strikingly, we also found that the accumulation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly inhibited in tumor DLNs by T(h)1 cell adjuvant therapy and this abrogation was associated with IFNgamma secreted by T(h)1 cells. These results identify T(h)1 cell adjuvant therapy combined with tumor vaccination as a novel approach to the treatment of human cancer.
Delivery of primary autologous skeletal myoblasts into rabbit heart by coronary infusion: a potential approach to myocardial repair. (1997)

Myocardial repair after injury is limited because the adult heart cannot regenerate. We propose using autologous skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts) as a source of reserve cells for repair of regions of damaged myocardium. This report examines two potential methods for the transfer of cells to the myocardium: selective coronary catheterization, and myoblast infusion or myoblast injection directly into the left ventricular wall. Autologous, primary rabbit skeletal myoblasts were harvested, were transduced ex vivo with adenoviruses expressing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene, and were infused selectively into the coronary circulation or injected directly into the myocardial wall. After either delivery method, beta-gal expression was detectable at the earliest times examined (3 days) and persisted for several weeks. The method of delivery influenced the spatial pattern of beta-gal expression. After direct injection, a localized concentration of myoblasts that decreased with distance from the injection site was visible primarily in the myocardial layer of the ventricle, although occasional staining could be detected in other layers. After coronary infusion, discrete punctate or linear foci of beta-gal expression were found throughout the distribution of the left coronary circulation in all cardiac layers. After infusion or injection, beta-gal-positive cells were seen in direct physical apposition to cardiocytes; interestingly, beta-gal could be detected also in some branched cells with clear cross-striations. Autologous myoblasts survived with no obvious dysrhythmic effects despite their presence in extensive or discrete loci in the myocardium. These observations provide the first evidence that myoblast transfer is possible by catheter-based methods, and they create the basis for studies to investigate the functional consequences of myoblast infusion in damaged heart.
Active Wavelet Networks for Face Alignment (2003)

The active appearance model (AAM) algorithm has proved to be a successful method for face alignment and synthesis. By elegantly combining both shape and texture models, AAM allows fast and robust deformable image matching. However, the method is sensitive to partial occlusions and illumination changes. In such cases, the PCA-based texture model causes the reconstruction error to be globally spread over the image. In this paper, we propose a new method for face alignment called active wavelet networks (AWN), which replaces the AAM texture model by a wavelet network representation. Since we consider spatially localized wavelets for modeling texture, our method shows more robustness against partial occlusions and some illumination changes.
Role of laminin in the attachment and metastasis of murine tumor cells. (1982)

We have studied the attachment of two murine metastatic cell lines and of a transformed, nonmetastatic sarcoma cell line to type IV (basement membrane) collagen. The metastatic cells attached preferentially to type IV collagen, whereas the nonmetastic cells attached best to type I collagen. Laminin increased both the rate and the number of metastatic cells attaching to type IV collagen, while fibronectin had no effect. Antibodies to laminin prevented the attachment of metastatic cells to type IV collagen, while antibodies to fibronectin prevented the attachment of the nonmetastatic cells. The number of pulmonary metastases which formed after i.v. injection of cells into C57BL mice was used to measure the metastatic propensity of these cell lines. A subpopulation of the metastatic cells selected for by their ability to attach to type IV collagen in the presence of laminin produced more metastases than did unattached cells or cells attached with fibronectin. In addition, incubation of metastatic cells with antibody to laminin prior to injection into mice markedly reduced the number of lung metastases. These data suggest that laminin promotes the attachment of metastatic tumor cells to basement membrane during the metastaatic process.
Smarter objects (2013)

The Smarter Objects system explores a new method for interaction with everyday objects. The system associates a virtual object with every physical object to support an easy means of modifying the interface and the behavior of that physical object as well as its interactions with other "smarter objects". As a user points a smart phone or tablet at a physical object, an augmented reality (AR) application recognizes the object and offers an intuitive graphical interface to program the object's behavior and interactions with other objects. Once reprogrammed, the Smarter Object can then be operated with a simple tangible interface (such as knobs, buttons, etc). As such Smarter Objects combine the adaptability of digital objects with the simple tangible interface of a physical object. We have implemented several Smarter Objects and usage scenarios demonstrating the potential of this approach.