gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLASMA ANDROGEN LEVELS IN MEN AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE OR TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE (1975)

Plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in men were measured after oral administration of free testosterone and testosterone undecanoate. Both androgens were determined by simultaneous, specific radioimmunoassays after separation and isolation by thin layer chromatography. While free unesterified testosterone had no effect on plasma androgen levels, a striking increase of both testosterone and androstenedione levels was noted after administration of testosterone undecanoate, which is otherwise only achieved by parenteral testosterone application. This effect of testosterone undecanoate is probably due to absorption via the lymph rather than via the portal vessels so that peripheral circulation is reached before metabolism in the liver. Testosterone undecanoate promises to be an effective medication for oral androgen replacement.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a new gene for short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 9. (2007)

We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase gene SCDR9, isolated from a human liver cDNA library, and mapped to 4q22.1 by browsing the UCSC genomic database. SCDR9 containing an ORF with a length of 900 bp, encoding a protein with a signal peptide sequence and an adh_short domain. GFP localization shows SCDR9 protein concentrated in some site of the cytoplasm, but not in the ER. Expression pattern in eighteen tissues revealed that SCDR9 is expressed highly in liver. Soluble recombinant protein was successfully purified from Escherichia coli using pET28A(+) expression vector. Our data provides important information for further study of the function of the SCDR9 gene and its products.
Role of interferon-gamma in immune cell regulation. (1995)

In 1965 Wheelock reported that phytohemagglutinin could induce from human leukocytes an interferon-like virus inhibitor [1]. This substance, which turned out to be interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), has been the subject, directly or indirectly, of thousands of scientific publications since that initial report. Past research has led to the general conclusion that IFN-gamma is much more than an interferon in that it has broader effects on the various arms of the immune system than most any other lymphokine or cytokine. In this review we discuss the effects of IFN-gamma on the various cell lineages of the immune system, focusing on the biology of its actions. In addition, we summarize research focused on the consequences of introducing IFN-gamma cDNA into tumor cells, aberrant IFN-gamma production in transgenic animals, and inhibition of IFN-gamma effects by knocking out either the IFN-gamma gene itself or the IFN-gamma receptor gene.
Mildly Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Induces Contraction of Human Endothelial Cells through Activation of Rho/Rho Kinase and Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (1999)

Mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein (mox-LDL) is critically involved in the early atherogenic responses of the endothelium and increases endothelial permeability through an unknown signal pathway. Here we show that (i) exposure of confluent human endothelial cells (HUVEC) to mox-LDL but not to native LDL induces the formation of actin stress fibers and intercellular gaps within minutes, leading to an increase in endothelial permeability; (ii) mox-LDL induces a transient decrease in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase that is paralleled by an increase in MLC phosphorylation; (iii) phosphorylated MLC stimulated by mox-LDL is incorporated into stress fibers; (iv) cytoskeletal rearrangements and MLC phosphorylation are inhibited by C3 transferase from Clostridium botulinum, a specific Rho inhibitor, and Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho kinase; and (v) mox-LDL does not increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Our data indicate that mox-LDL induces endothelial cell contraction through activation of Rho and its effector Rho kinase which inhibits MLC phosphatase and phosphorylates MLC. We suggest that inhibition of this novel cell signaling pathway of mox-LDL could be relevant for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
A procaryotic regulatory factor with a histone H1-like carboxy-terminal domain: clonal variation of repeats within algP, a gene involved in regulation of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1990)

A novel procaryotic transcriptional regulatory element, AlgP, with a histone H1-like carboxy-terminal domain was identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AlgP is required for transcription of the key biosynthetic gene algD, which is necessary for production of the exopolysaccharide alginate causing mucoidy in P. aeruginosa. Mucoidy is a critical virulence determinant of P. aeruginosa invariably associated with the respiratory infections causing high mortality in cystic fibrosis. Here we show that AlgP and histones H1 both have repeated units of the Lys-Pro-Ala-Ala motif (KPAA) and its variations within their long (over 100 amino acids) carboxy-terminal domains. This region of histone H1 tails has been shown to bind to the linker DNA in eucaryotic chromatin fibers. A synthetic 50-mer peptide consisting of repeats from the AlgP carboxy-terminal domain was found to bind DNA in a mobility shift DNA-binding assay. AlgP is encoded by a gene that contains multiple direct repeats organized as tandem, head-to-tail, 12-base-pair (bp) units overlapping with six highly conserved 75-bp units. The repetitive structure of the algP gene appears to participate in the processes underlying the metastable character of mucoidy in P. aeruginosa. Relatively large DNA rearrangements spanning the region with tandem direct repeats encoding the carboxy-terminal histone H1-like structure of AlgP were detected in several strains upon conversion from the mucoid to the nonmucoid phenotype. The frequency of the detectable algP rearrangements associated with the transition into the nonmucoid state varied from strain to strain and ranged from 0 to 50%. The nonmucoid derivatives with the clearly rearranged chromosomal copy of algP were complemented to mucoidy with plasmids containing algP from P. aeruginosa PAO. When a random collection of mucoid strains, isolated from different cystic fibrosis patients, was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction, an additional level of strain-dependent sequence variation in algP was observed. Variations in the number of the 12-bp repeats were found; however, they did not appear to influence the mucoid status of the strains examined. Thus, the repeated region of algP appears to be a hot spot for DNA rearrangements and strain-dependent variability.
Cyclometallated gold(iii) hydroxides as versatile synthons for Au–N, Au–C complexes and luminescent compounds (2012)

The gold(III) hydroxide κ(3)-(C^N^C)*Au(OH) reacts with C-H and N-H compounds and arylboronic acids to produce a range of perfluoroaryls, N-heterocyclic and alkynyl compounds in high yields; some of which show unexpectedly strong modulation of their photoluminescence from yellow to blue [(C^N^C)* = 2,6-(C(6)H(3)Bu(t))(2)pyridine].
Thermal management system for high performance PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessors (2002)

Thermal management is an important design issue in high-performance, low-power portable computers. If the computer system is designed for worst-case processor power dissipation and environmental operating conditions, it carries an area and cost penalty for the system designer. The next-generation PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor includes a thermal assist unit (TAU) comprised of an on-chip thermal sensor and associated logic. The TAU monitors the junction temperature of the processor and dynamically adjusts processor operation to provide maximum performance under changing environmental conditions. The TAU is used in conjunction with other low-power features such as dynamic power management, instruction cache throttling and static low-power modes to provide comprehensive power and thermal management. This paper describes the implementation of the TAU and presents its characterization and operating data from first silicon.
A Clustered VLIW Architecture Based on Queue Register Files (1998)

Institute for Computing Systems Architecture
A Contemporary View of Salivary Research (1993)

The past 50 years of salivary research has been marked by a series of changing perceptions as new techniques and technologies have illuminated the complexities of the secretory mechanism, salivary composition, and function. The modern era began with the innovations of electrophoresis, chromatography, histochemistry, immunochemistry, electron microscopy, and microphysiology. The idea of saliva as primarily a digestive fluid composed of salts, amylase, and mucin was rapidly broadened to encompass a wide spectrum of protective proteins with the dual responsibility of protecting both hard and soft tissues. Characterization of the secretory IgA and nonimmunological antibacterial systems and the proteins responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels dominated the research in the 1960s and 1970s. An appreciation of the nature, formation, and role of the salivary pellicle and the interplay between bacterial adherence and agglutination provided a clinical thrust. Morphologists and physiologists redefined the secretory process on a molecular level. The 1980s saw the union of structure and function, both in terms of synthesis and release of the secretory products and their specific roles in the oral cavity in health and disease. The excitement of the 1990s is in the genetic control of processes and products, elucidating the mechanisms, and using the information to improve on nature: an era of great expectations and hubris. This article is essentially a personal guided tour through the past 50 years of salivary research.
Molecular basis for pancreatitis (2008)

The implications of the last year's findings are widespread. Improved animal models of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis will be critical for performing pilot studies of therapy. A greater understanding of genetic factors and pain responses could lead to potential treatments. This review will first discuss issues related to acute pancreatitis, and then conclude with studies most relevant to chronic disease.
Pineal Transplantation After Pinealectomy in Young Chickens Has No Effect on the Development of Scoliosis (2001)

Neither transplantation of the pineal gland into the body wall musculature nor simple cutting of the pineal stalk was able to maintain normal levels of serum melatonin because both procedures reduced levels to nearly zero. The incidence and pattern of scoliosis development in these groups were the same as those for the pinealectomized group. Reduction of serum melatonin levels remains a prerequisite for scoliosis development in young chickens.
KFERQ Sequence in Ribonuclease A-mediated Cytotoxicity (2002)

Onconase(ONC) is an amphibian ribonuclease that is in clinical trials as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. ONC is a homolog of ribonuclease A (RNase A). RNase A can be made toxic to cancer cells by replacing Gly(88) with an arginine residue, thereby enabling the enzyme to evade the endogenous cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RI). Unlike ONC, RNase A contains a KFERQ sequence (residues 7-11), which signals for lysosomal degradation. Here, substitution of Arg(10) of the KFERQ sequence has no effect on either the cytotoxicity of G88R RNase A or its affinity for RI. In contrast, K7A/G88R RNase A is nearly 10-fold more cytotoxic than G88R RNase A and has more than 10-fold less affinity for RI. Up-regulation of the KFERQ-mediated lysosomal degradation pathway has no effect on the cytotoxicity of these ribonucleases. Thus, KFERQ-mediated degradation does not limit the cytotoxicity of RNase A variants. Moreover, only two amino acid substitutions (K7A and G88R) are shown to endow RNase A with cytotoxic activity that is nearly equal to that of ONC.
The natural history of brittle diabetes. (1988)

The natural history of brittle diabetes is unknown. We have followed up 13 patients with disabling brittle diabetes unresponsive to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for 3-6 yr. All were young, C-peptide deficient females. One patient has died (of hypoglycaemia). In the others, disruption of life has generally lessened, but only one patient is currently considered metabolically stable. Insulin treatment regimens have included long-term intravenous insulin infusions and intraperitoneal insulin, but all but four have now reverted to subcutaneous injections. Eleven patients intermittently required greater than 200 U/day of insulin and two have needed greater than 1,000 U/day. Insulin dosages have fallen significantly during follow-up (from 6.8 +/- 3.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.3 U/kg/day). Diabetic complications, initially present in only 2 cases (1 cataract, 1 proliferative retinopathy), have now developed in 5 others (2 background retinopathy, 1 proliferative retinopathy, 1 mixed peripheral neuropathy and 1 intermittent proteinuria). Psychosocial disturbance and non-compliance were common. We conclude that brittleness generally seems to improve, which probably explains the scarcity of older brittle patients. However, these patients are at considerable risk from diabetes, its complications and its treatment.
Relative significance of dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative significance of dietary sources of nitrate and nitriteJonathan W. WhiteCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 5, 886–891Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60201a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (556 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prospects of micromass culture technology in tissue engineering (2007)

Tissue engineering of bone and cartilage tissue for subsequent implantation is of growing interest in cranio- and maxillofacial surgery. Commonly it is performed by using cells coaxed with scaffolds. Recently, there is a controversy concerning the use of artificial scaffolds compared to the use of a natural matrix. Therefore, new approaches called micromass technology have been invented to overcome these problems by avoiding the need for scaffolds. Technically, cells are dissociated and the dispersed cells are then reaggregated into cellular spheres. The micromass technology approach enables investigators to follow tissue formation from single cell sources to organised spheres in a controlled environment. Thus, the inherent fundamentals of tissue engineering are better revealed. Additionally, as the newly formed tissue is devoid of an artificial material, it resembles more closely the in vivo situation. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the fundamentals and the technique of micromass cell culture used to study bone tissue engineering.
Dilation by CGRP of middle meningeal artery and reversal by sumatriptan in normal volunteers (2010)

This study provides Class I evidence that IV GCRP causes dilation of the MMA but not the MCA in healthy volunteers, and that sumatriptan reverses the dilation of the MMA caused by CGRP.
Multisample Analysis Using an Array of Microreactors for an Alternating-Current Field-Enhanced Latex Immunoassay (1994)

To develop a rapid and multisample analysis system for latex immunoassay with submicroliters of sample, an array of microreactors were fabricated using micromachining techniques including photolithography, anisotropic etching, and thin gold film deposition. The chamber volume for immunoreactions of a single well was 0.4 microL. An alternating-current (ac) field was used to enhance the rate of the latex agglutination reaction. By applying an ac field for 1 min, alpha-fetoprotein in several samples could be determined simultaneously. The detection limit in this system was approximately 10 pg/mL.
Are you a better "Mouser" or "Trackballer"? (1988)

The method or input device by which a user indicates a selection to the computer is an important element in the design of that system. Recent advances in the technology of human-computer interfaces suggest that a "direct-manipulation" style of interface provides many advantages over traditional human-computer interfaces (e.g. Hutching, Hollan and Norman, 1986). Such an interface is typified by the presence of visual objects on a display screen (e.g., icons or other graphical elements) and the ability to manipulate those objects by somehow "pointing" to them or moving them. This approach has recently been popularized by such microcomputer systems as the Apple Macintosh (TM).
A parkinsonian syndrome induced in the goldfish by the neurotoxin MPTP (1992)

Parkinson's disease has been modeled in humans, lower primates, and to a lesser extent in some other vertebrates by administration of the potent neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine). The MPTP model has thus drawn considerable attention as a system to search for anti-Parkinson's disease drugs, although the cost and scarcity of primates has limited extensive applications. We now report that a parkinsonian syndrome can be elicited in the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) by a single dose of MPTP. The syndrome is characterized by profound bradykinesia (slow movement), the full extent of which is reached 3 days after MPTP administration. The reduction in movement is paralleled by loss of dopamine and norepinephrine from the forebrain and midbrain and in other brain regions as well. The toxic oxidative product of MPTP, MPP+, is also accumulated predominantly in forebrain and midbrain, and pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase blocker tranylcypromine substantially reduces accumulation of the toxic metabolite. A barely perceptible coarseness in balance adjustment also occurs in treated animals. The MPTP-treated goldfish recover normal movement and normal brain monoamine levels within 10-13 days after administration of the drug. We interpret these and other data to indicate that MPTP can induce a Parkinson's disease-like syndrome in the goldfish that is similar in many aspects to the syndrome induced by MPTP in humans and other primates. This remarkable parallel may permit the goldfish to supplement expensive and scarce primates for the purpose of searching and screening neuroprotective drugs with specific relevance to Parkinson's disease.
Direct electron transfer reactions of glucose oxidase immobilised at a self-assembled monolayer (1995)

The direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase, immobilised at a self-assembled monolayer of 3,3′-dithiobis-sulfocinnimidylpropionate (DTSSP) is reported, and electron transfer kinetics of the biocomposite assembly are discussed.
Radiocontrast-Induced Acute Renal Failure (2005)

The intravascular administration of iodinated radiocontrast media can lead to acute renal dysfunction. Even small changes in renal function have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, making the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy of paramount importance. This review summarizes the principal risk factors for radiocontrast nephropathy and evidence-based preventive strategies that should be used to limit its occurrence. Risk factors for radiocontrast nephropathy include preexistent kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, dose of radiocontrast used, advanced congestive heart failure, and intravascular volume depletion. Proven preventive measures include volume expansion with intravenous saline or sodium bicarbonate and the use of low-osmolar or iso-osmolar radiocontrast media. Studies evaluating N-acetylcysteine have been conflicting, with meta-analyses suggesting a small beneficial effect. Studies of other pharmacologic agents have not demonstrated clinical benefit.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Targeted Toward Activated Platelets Allows In Vivo Detection of Thrombosis and Monitoring of Thrombolysis (2008)

LIBS MPIOs allow in vivo MRI of activated platelets with excellent contrast properties and monitoring of thrombolytic therapy. Furthermore, activated platelets were detected on the surface of symptomatic human carotid plaques by ex vivo MRI. This approach represents a novel noninvasive technique allowing the detection and quantification of platelet-containing thrombi.
Multiple glucocorticoid receptor transcripts in membrane glucocorticoid receptor‐enriched S‐49 mouse lymphoma cells (1999)

A cDNA library from plasma membrane glucocorticoid receptor-enriched (mGR++) S- 49 mouse T lymphoma cells was screened with full-length rat intracellular GR (iGR) cDNA, BUGR-2 antibody, and PCR amplimers to portions of the mouse GR cDNA. One or two single-base substitutions resulting in amino acid changes (which do not incapacitate the receptor) were found in all but one clone: Val437 → Gly (located in the first zinc finger), and Glu546 → Gly (in the steroid-binding domain). Two previously unidentified exon 1 variants (1D and 1E), and two of three previously reported variants (1A, 1B) were found to be spliced onto the common exon 2. Exon 1D- and 1E-containing transcripts were confirmed by direct sequencing of amplimers from reverse transcriptase-coupled PCR. RNase protection studies revealed that one of these transcripts was expressed in mGR++ cells only, but not in two mGR-less (mGR−− S-49, and AtT-20 mouse pituitary) cell lines. These studies suggest that at least four promoters may be responsible for the control of GR (iGR and mGR) types in mouse lymphoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 74:418–429, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Significant reduction of coercivity without reduction of tunneling magnetoresistance ratio of CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junction using sandwich-structured free layer (2007)

We report the significant reduction of coercivity (Hc) without huge drop of tunneling magnetoresistance ratio (TMR) in the CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junction by employing sandwich-structured free layer of CoFeB/metallic spacer/NiFe. Strong magnetostatic coupling without physical contact induces magnetic softness from NiFe to CoFeB and avoids considerable reduction of TMR. This achievement satisfies the requirements given to the magnetic read head in hard disk drive and the spin torque transfer magnetic random access memory for the application to the higher areal density and the reduction of critical current density for current-induced magnetization switching, respectively.
787. Chemistry of the vitamin B12 group. Part III. The course of hydrolytic degradations (1953)

J. B. Armitage, J. R. Cannon, A. W. Johnson, L. F. J. Parker, E. L. Smith, W. H. Stafford and A. R. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 3849 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530003849