gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Four Anti-HIV Screening Assays Which Belong to Different Test Generations (1991)

There are three different test generations of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, depending on whether virus lysate, recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides are used as solid phase antigen. Four different assays, i.e., three sandwich ELISAs and one competitive test, were used to demonstrate differences between the three systems with regard to the content of different diagnostically relevant virus proteins. The sensitivities and specificities of these assays were compared by using 312 anti-HIV positive sera and 500 sera of healthy blood donors. The highest sensitivity and specificity were achieved by the competitive ELISA based on recombinant proteins, and by the sandwich ELISA based on synthetic peptides.
5,5‘-Bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2‘-bithiophene and 5,5‘‘-Bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terthiophene as a Novel Family of Electron-Transporting Amorphous Molecular Materials (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT5,5'-Bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2'-bithiophene and 5,5''-Bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene as a Novel Family of Electron-Transporting Amorphous Molecular MaterialsTetsuya Noda and Yasuhiko ShirotaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 37, 9714–9715Publication Date (Web):September 5, 1998Publication History Received18 May 1998Published online5 September 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9817343https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9817343rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2436Altmetric-Citations325LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amorphous materials,Electrodes,Layers,Oligomers,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Effects of heat conduction and sample size on ultrasonic absorption measurements (1985)

The absorption coefficient of a material can be determined by measuring the heating which occurs as a result of ultrasonic irradiation. When narrow focused beams are used to heat a sample, or when the available volume of a material is restricted to small dimensions, then the effect of heat conduction to surrounding unheated regions becomes significant, complicating the relation between measured temperatures and acoustic parameters. In this paper new analytical expressions, which account for radial and axial heat flow in a medium, are derived for the case of Gaussian-shaped ultrasonic beam patterns in thin or semi-infinite absorbing materials. Solutions are given for temperature histories resulting from an ultrasonic impulse (pulse decay method) or a step input (rate of heating method). The use of these equations in absorption measurements is discussed, and experimental results are given. These expressions provide flexibility in choice of laboratory ultrasonic parameters, and the results are especially useful for many biomedical measurements where the volume of tissue available is restricted.
Identifying structure-function relationships in four-helix bundle cytokines: towards de novo mimetics design (1996)

Many cytokines (growth-factor proteins) are constructed from a common four-helix bundle structural framework. Rapid advances have been made in relating the structure and function of a growing number of four-helix bundle cytokines. This understanding opens the way to design de novo mimetics through such strategies as cytokine hybrids, structure-excerpted scaffolds and contact residue topology mimics. These may provide leads for agonists and antagonists of cell growth and differentiation.
Conjugation patterns of endogenous plasma catecholamines in human and rat. A new specific method for analysis of glucuronide-conjugated catecholamines. (1983)

Plasma free, sulfoconjugated, and glucuronoconjugated CAs were determined radioenzymatically before and after hydrolysis. CA sulfates and glucuronides were hydrolyzed by sulfatase and Ketodase, respectively. Total CA conjugates were deconjugated by acid lyophilization. On the basis of data obtained from systematical studies on these methods, the conjugation patterns of endogenous plasma CA in human and rat have been qualitatively and quantitatively identified. The results show that (1) in human plasma, sulfation is the sole conjugation mode for DA, NE, and E; (2) in rat plasma, sulfation also occurs in DA, NE, and E but the quantities of the sulfates are small, whereas glucuronidation predominates in DA and occurs exclusively in DA but not in NE and E; (3) in both species, conjugation is preferential for DA rather than NE and E. In this study, a new specific method for analysis of glucuronoconjugated CA has been developed.
Cataract surgery in patients with prior refractive surgery (2003)

As the number and types of keratorefractive procedures increase and as the baby boomer population moves into the “cataractous decades,” the number of patients requiring cataract surgery following refractive surgery grows larger each year. While technological advances in surgical instrumentation and intraocular lens (IOL) design allow us to perform cleaner, faster, and more reliable cataract extractions, the ultimate postoperative refraction depends primarily on calculations performed before surgery. Third-generation IOL formulas (eg, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, or SRK/T) provide outstanding accuracy when used for eyes with physiologic, prolate corneas. In addition, most instruments used today for measuring corneal curvature and power were designed before the era of refractive surgery. These formulas and instruments make assumptions about the anatomy and refractive properties of the cornea that are no longer valid following most keratorefractive procedures. These breakdowns in IOL calculation often result in a “refractive surprise” after cataract surgery, which may require subsequent surgical correction. This article examines recent publications of modeling studies of various methods for estimating effective K values for IOL calculation, cataract surgery case series following refractive surgery, new corneal topography technologies and methods for correcting “refractive surprises” postoperatively.
A faster closure algorithm for pattern matching in partial-order event data (2007)

When working with large sets of partial-order event data, typically collected by monitoring a distributed application, it is often desirable to search for specific patterns of events within this data. When performing such a search, we must be able to identify temporal relationships between complex sets of events. Searching for hierarchically-specified event patterns requires that a convex-closure algorithm be applied to the partial matches at each stage in the computation and the performance of such a closure algorithm can strongly influence the overall speed of pattern matching. In this paper, we propose improvements to an existing closure algorithm that significantly improve its efficiency, and also briefly discuss other possible approaches for improving performance.
Use of Dielectrophoresis in a High-Yield Fabrication of a Carbon Nanotube Tip (2005)

This paper reports on the development of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip with single multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT). We used an ac electric field, which causes dielectrophoresis (DEP), to align and deposit single MWNT on a metal-coated AFM tip. By dropping an MWNT solution and applying an electric field between the AFM tip and the electrode, we were able to directly assemble one of MWNTs that were dispersed in the diluted solution on the apex of the AFM tip. We investigated the experimental conditions under which the aligning angle of the CNT to the tip's axis varied according to changes in the angle of alignment between the tip and the electrode. We found the experimental condition of 75% success rate to fabricate CNT tips, and we show how the CNT tip compares with a conventional silicon tip with respect to the imaging of 15 nm gold particles.
Characterization of cytosolic calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity in embryonal carcinoma cells. Effect of retinoc acid-induced differentiation of F9 cells to parietal endoderm. (1983)

We have addressed the question of the possible presence of calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (Ca2+-PL protein kinase) activity in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells, and if this activity might be altered during differentiation to a parietal endoderm cell type. Undifferentiated nullipotent F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, as well as differentiated parietal endoderm cells (PYS-2), were utilized. Using an in vitro assay with histone H1 as phosphate acceptor, Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity could not be found in the 100,000 X g supernatant prepared from either cell type. However, passage of 100,000 X g supernatant from PYS cells over a DEAE-cellulose column revealed Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity which eluted with 0.045 M NaCl. The partially purified PYS enzyme has an approximate Mr = 70,000 as determined by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, and exhibits an apparent Ka for Ca2+ of 32 microM. The PYS Ca2+-PL protein kinase also exhibits a requirement for Mg2+, with maximal activity noted at 10 mM Mg2+. This enzyme is stimulated by acidic phospholipids, while neutral phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine have little effect. Diacylglycerol markedly increased histone H1 phosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid. Unlike that of PYS cells, when the 100,000 X g supernatant prepared from F9 cells was passed over a DEAE-cellulose column no Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity could be found in the eluted fractions. Previously it has been reported that exposure of F9 cells to all-trans-retinoic acid induces differentiation to a parietal endoderm cell type. Treatment of F9 cells with 0.1 microM retinoic acid provoked a time-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity as measured after DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the 100,000 X g supernatant. This increase in Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity correlates with differentiation to the parietal endoderm cell type. These findings indicate that cytosolic Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity is very low, or nonexistent, in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma stem cells. With differentiation to a parietal endoderm cell type there is a marked increase in soluble Ca2+-PL protein kinase activity which exhibits properties similar to those described for this enzyme in other differentiated tissues.
Managing Image Files over the Network (1993)

Abstract Today's document‐imaging systems allow businesses and government agencies to move closer to a paperless office environment by providing the means to digitally store documents in massive image databases and manage their flow through various work processes. This method of document storage and management can solve many of the problems commonly experienced with paper files and help streamline business operations in the process.
Properties of luciferase from the bioluminescent crustacean, Cypridina hilgendorfii (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of luciferase from the bioluminescent crustacean, Cypridina hilgendorfiiFrederick I. Tsuji, Richard V. Lynch, III, and Charles L. StevensCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 25, 5204–5209Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00722a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00722a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomised Phase III Study Comparing Secnidazole and Metronidazole (2010)

The secnidazole regimen studied represents an effective, convenient therapeutic alternative that clinicians should consider in routine practice.
Differences in immune response may explain lower survival among older men with pneumonia* (2009)

Lower survival among men following CAP was not explained by differences in chronic diseases, health behaviors, and quality of care. Patterns of inflammatory, coagulation, and fibrinolysis biomarkers among men may explain reduced short-term and long-term survival.
英迪拉·甘地和拉吉夫·甘地的对华政策 (1999)

译者按：印度新德里的哈浦尔·柯林斯出版社于１９９７年推出简装本《一代王朝：现代印度主要统治家族的政治传记》（ＴｈｅＤｙｎａｓｔｙ，ＡＰｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌＢｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｏｆｔｈｅＰｒｅｍｉｅｒＲｕｌｉｎｇＦａｍｉｌｙｏｆＭｏｄｅｒｎＩｎｄｉａ）。作者...
Single-breath-hold photoacoustic computed tomography of the breast (2018)

We have developed a single-breath-hold photoacoustic computed tomography (SBH-PACT) system to reveal detailed angiographic structures in human breasts. SBH-PACT features a deep penetration depth (4 cm in vivo) with high spatial and temporal resolutions (255 µm in-plane resolution and a 10 Hz 2D frame rate). By scanning the entire breast within a single breath hold (~15 s), a volumetric image can be acquired and subsequently reconstructed utilizing 3D back-projection with negligible breathing-induced motion artifacts. SBH-PACT clearly reveals tumors by observing higher blood vessel densities associated with tumors at high spatial resolution, showing early promise for high sensitivity in radiographically dense breasts. In addition to blood vessel imaging, the high imaging speed enables dynamic studies, such as photoacoustic elastography, which identifies tumors by showing less compliance. We imaged breast cancer patients with breast sizes ranging from B cup to DD cup, and skin pigmentations ranging from light to dark. SBH-PACT identified all the tumors without resorting to ionizing radiation or exogenous contrast, posing no health risks.
Extracting breathing rate information from a wearable reflectance pulse oximeter sensor (2005)

The integration of multiple vital physiological measurements could help combat medics and field commanders to better predict a soldier's health condition and enhance their ability to perform remote triage procedures. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting accurate breathing rate information from a photoplethysmographic signal that was recorded by a reflectance pulse oximeter sensor mounted on the forehead and subsequently processed by a simple time domain filtering and frequency domain Fourier analysis.
Effective transvascular delivery of nanoparticles across the blood-brain tumor barrier into malignant glioma cells (2008)

The therapeutically relevant upper limit of blood-brain tumor barrier pore size is approximately 11.7 to 11.9 nm. Therefore, effective transvascular drug delivery into malignant glioma cells can be accomplished by using nanoparticles that are smaller than 11.7 to 11.9 nm in diameter and possess long blood half-lives.
PCR-DNA Sequence Typing (2003)

There is a great need to develop molecular techniques for the typing of Helicobacter pylori isolates since classical bacteriological assays, such as serotyping or lysotyping, are lacking. Such techniques would provide the microbiologist with the tools necessary to differentiate one strain from another one (essential for epidemiological studies), to determine whether individuals might be colonized by several isolates, and to elucidate whether ulcer relapse following treatment is associated with the colonization of the gastric mucosa by the same isolate or is caused by reinfection.
ALS-linked mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) alters mitochondrial protein composition and decreases protein import (2010)

Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause familial ALS. Mutant SOD1 preferentially associates with the cytoplasmic face of mitochondria from spinal cords of rats and mice expressing SOD1 mutations. Two-dimensional gels and multidimensional liquid chromatography, in combination with tandem mass spectrometry, revealed 33 proteins that were increased and 21 proteins that were decreased in SOD1(G93A) rat spinal cord mitochondria compared with SOD1(WT) spinal cord mitochondria. Analysis of this group of proteins revealed a higher-than-expected proportion involved in complex I and protein import pathways. Direct import assays revealed a 30% decrease in protein import only in spinal cord mitochondria, despite an increase in the mitochondrial import components TOM20, TOM22, and TOM40. Recombinant SOD1(G93A) or SOD1(G85R), but not SOD1(WT) or a Parkinson's disease-causing, misfolded α-synuclein(E46K) mutant, decreased protein import by >50% in nontransgenic mitochondria from spinal cord, but not from liver. Thus, altered mitochondrial protein content accompanied by selective decreases in protein import into spinal cord mitochondria comprises part of the mitochondrial damage arising from mutant SOD1.
Intranasal CpG‐Oligodeoxynucleotide is a Potent Adjuvant of Vaccine against Helicobacter pylori, and T Helper 1 Type Response and Interferon‐γ Correlate with the Protection (2005)

CpG-ODN given intranasally is a potent adjuvant for development of a H. pylori vaccine. Th1-type response and IFN-gamma are involved in the protection.
Screening for Soybean Varieties Resistant to Soybean Aphid (2017)

One of the basic measures to control insect pests uses insect resistance found in crop varieties. We carried out screening work on cultivars of soybeans resistant to soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) in order to obtain resistant sources and study the mechanism of resistance. The objectives of screening are to identify soybean cultivars that are not only resistant to aphids, but also to virus diseases. We adopted simple and convenient screening methods due limitations of human resources and time. During the peak of the soybean aphid occurrence in 1983, we selected 181 accessions of soybean materials from 902 grown in our institute's nursery of cultivar resources, after investigatng the occurrence damage caused by aphids. After planting these 181 soybean accessions in plots in 1984 and carrying out two investigations on June 13 and September 5, 42 further accessions of soybean materials were selected. Of the 42 accessions, 19 accessions were selected after two investigations carried out July 2 and October 5. The 19 accessions were planted again in 1986 in plots, and two investigations were carried out June 27 and July 12, respectively. Plot-setting methods: every cultivar was planted in one plot, and no replicates were made. Each plot was 2 meters long and 3 rows were planted. Scoring standard in investigations: the scoring standard of resistance varies according to the different dates of investigation.
AutoAdmin “what-if” index analysis utility (1998)

As databases get widely deployed, it becomes increasingly important to reduce the overhead of database administration. An important aspect of data administration that critically influences performance is the ability to select indexes for a database. In order to decide the right indexes for a database, it is crucial for the database administrator (DBA) to be able to perform a quantitative analysis of the existing indexes. Furthermore, the DBA should have the ability to propose hypothetical (“what-if”) indexes and quantitatively analyze their impact on performance of the system. Such impact analysis may consist of analyzing workloads over the database, estimating changes in the cost of a workload, and studying index usage while taking into account projected changes in the sizes of the database tables. In this paper we describe a novel index analysis utility that we have prototyped for Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. We describe the interfaces exposed by this utility that can be leveraged by a variety of front-end tools and sketch important aspects of the user interfaces enabled by the utility. We also discuss the implementation techniques for efficiently supporting “what-if” indexes. Our framework can be extended to incorporate analysis of other aspects of physical database design.
Polymeric controlled release of dexamethasone in normal rat brain (1991)

Controlled release polymeric implants may improve delivery of anti-edema agents to the central nervous system. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrices containing dexamethasone (35% w/w) were implanted either intracranially or intraperitoneally in Fisher 344 rats. Selective extraction and high performance liquid chromatography were used to quantify tissue concentrations after implantation of the drug-loaded polymer or intraperitoneal injection of an equivalent dose. Dexamethasone was detected in brain for up to 21 days after intracranial polymer implantation, with peak levels of 4.0 ± 0.7 ωg/g tissue measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Concentrations in the contralateral hemisphere and peripheral circulation were measurable for the first 12 h only (peak level at 1 h of 0.5 ± 0.2 ωg/g in the contralateral hemisphere). By contrast, intraperitoneal bolus administration of dexamethasone in control animals resulted in minimal brain levels (peak at 1 h of 0.8 ± 0.4 ωg/g) and very high plasma levels (peak at 4 h of 23.6 ± 6.0 ωg/g). No drug was detected in the brains of animals with intraperitoneal dexamethasone-EVAc implants. Measured dexamethasone concentrations were compared to a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The experimental results are best described by assuming diffusion-limited release of dexamethasone from the polymer (characteristic release constant of 0.5 ωg h−12) and first order drug elimination (half-life of 16 h).