gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The c-myc and PyMT oncogenes induce different tumor types in a somatic mouse model for pancreatic cancer (2003)

We have generated a mouse model for pancreatic cancer through the somatic delivery of oncogene-bearing avian retroviruses to mice that express TVA, the receptor for avian leukosis sarcoma virus subgroup A (ALSV-A), under the control of the elastase promoter. Delivery of ALSV-A-based RCAS vectors encoding either mouse polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyMT) or c-Myc to elastase-tv-a transgenic, Ink4a/Arf null mice induced the formation of pancreatic tumors. RCAS-PyMT induced pancreatic tumors with the histologic features of acinar or ductal carcinomas. The induced pancreatic lesions express Pdx1, a marker for pancreas progenitor cells, and many tumors express markers for both exocrine and endocrine cell lineages, suggesting that the tumors may be derived from progenitor cells. In contrast, RCAS-c-myc induced endocrine tumors exclusively, as determined by histology and detection of differentiation markers. Thus, specific oncogenes can induce the formation of different pancreatic tumor types in a single transgenic line, most likely from one or more types of multipotential progenitor cells. Our model appears to be useful for elucidating the genetic alterations, target cells, and signaling pathways that are important in the genesis of different types of pancreatic cancer.
Carbon and nitrogen nutrient balance signaling in plants (2009)

Cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism must be tightly coordinated to sustain optimal growth and development for plants and other cellular organisms. Furthermore, C/N balance is also critical for the ecosystem response to elevated atmospheric CO(2). Despite numerous physiological and molecular studies in C/N balance or ratio response, very few genes have been shown to play important roles in C/N balance signaling. During recent five years, exciting progress was made through genetic and genomic studies. Several DNA microarray studies have shown that more than half of the transcriptome is regulated by C, N and the C-N combination. Three genetic studies involving distinct bioassays have demonstrated that a putative nitrate transporter (NTR2.1), a putative glutamate receptor (GLR1.1) and a putative methyltransferase (OSU1) have important functions in the C/N balance response. OSU1 is identical to QUA2/TSD2 which has been implicated to act in cell wall biogenesis, indicating a link between cell wall property and the C/N balance signaling. Given that many investigations are only focused on C alone or N alone, the C/N balance bioassays and gene expression patterns are discussed to assist phenotypic characterization of C/N balance signaling. Further, re-examination of those previously reported sugar or nitrogen responsive genes in C/N balance response may be necessary to dissect the C/N signaling pathways. In addition, key components involved in C-N interactions in bacterial, yeast and animal systems and whether they are functionally conserved in plants are discussed. These rapid advances have provided the first important step towards the construction of the complex yet elegant C/N balance signaling networks in plants.
Diverse tissue expression of rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes. (1993)

Previously, we have reported two major alpha 2-adrenergic receptor transcripts in rat brain of 3.8 and 3.0 kb and the cloning and characterization of the rat brain complementary DNA (cDNA) (RB alpha 2C) specific for the 3.0-kb messenger RNA. In this report, we used rat brain cDNAs specific for the 3.0 and 3.8 kb transcripts, which encode the alpha 2C- and alpha 2A-adrenergic receptors, respectively, and the RNG alpha 2 cDNA, which encodes for the nonglycosylated alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor in rat, to study tissue-specific expression of the three alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes in rat. To eliminate cross-hybridization of probes with transcripts from other alpha 2 genes, we subcloned fragments that encode for the highly divergent third cytoplasmic loop of each rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor cDNA and used RNase protection analysis to detect specific transcripts. We show that the three rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes have diverse patterns of tissue expression, and although transcripts specific for each alpha 2-adrenergic receptor gene are found in brain and kidney, the levels of expression of each subtype differ in these tissues. We speculate on the significance of tissue-specific expression of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor genes.
Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis and Prostatodynia with Pollen Extract (1989)

Chronic abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia are notoriously difficult both to diagnose and to treat. These patients tend to have received several courses of antibiotics, antiinflammatory agents or adrenergic blockade and various other therapeutic manoeuvres with little success. The pollen extract, Cernilton, is reported to be effective in the treatment of this condition and we present the results of an open trial with Cernilton in a group of 15 patients with chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia. In 13 patients there was either complete and lasting relief of symptoms or a marked improvement; 2 patients failed to respond. Cernilton was found to be effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia. Its precise mode of action is not known, although experimental studies suggest that it has anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic properties.
Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual (2002)

Genetics and embryology of the mouse: past, present, and future -- Summary of mouse development -- A mouse colony for the production of transgenic and chimeric animals -- Recovery and in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos -- Isolation, culture, and manipulation of postimplantation embryos -- Surgical procedures -- Production of transgenic mice by pronuclear microinjection -- Embryo-derived stem cell lines -- Germ line-competent stem cells derived from adult mice -- Vector designs for pluripotent stem cell-based transgenesis and genome alterations -- Introduction of foreign DNA into embryonic stem cells -- Production of chimeras -- Genotyping -- Parthenogenesis, pronuclear transfer, and mouse cloning -- Assisted reproduction: ovary transplantation, in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection -- Cryopreservation, rederivation, and transport of mouse strains -- Techniques for visualizing gene products, cells, tissues, and organ systems -- Setting up a micromanipulation lab
Hormone refractory disease (1995)

Hormone refractory disease is observed in less than 20% of newly diagnosed cases of advanced prostatic cancer. In the majority of cases, hormone refractory disease appears after a median time of 18 months of endocrine manipulation and is attributed to the selection and/or cloning of pre-existing or de novo appearing hormone-independent or resistant cell lines. There are no generally accepted rules for second-line management. The varying sets of criteria used by different study groups make comparisons of widely different regimens very difficult. Actually, it seems reasonable to consider length of survival as the only objective response criterion. This implies, however, that there should be an unanimous definition about the moment of primary treatment failure. Indeed, the detection of hormonal escape is a gradual event and the relative length of survival time depends on the chosen moment of therapy administration. To date, monitoring of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has become the best and primary tool to document progression of disease. Earlier diagnosis based on a rise in PSA levels in patients that are still asymptomatic with a good performance status, might provide the opportunity to treat patients that could profit from therapy and give a fair chance to the investigated drug to show efficacity and tolerability. In this paper we will discuss the rationale of the current available second-line therapeutic options in relapsed prostatic cancer.
Use of homologous expression-secretion signals and vector-free stable chromosomal integration in engineering of Lactobacillus plantarum for alpha-amylase and levanase expression (1994)

The genuine alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus licheniformis (amyL) is not expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum, but replacement of the amyL promoter by a strong L. plantarum promoter leads to efficient expression of the gene and secretion of more than 90% of the alpha-amylase into the culture supernatant. A series of L. plantarum genetic cassettes (transcription and translation with or without secretion) were cloned by translation fusion of random DNA fragments to the silent amyL coding frame in the pGIP212 probe vector (P. Hols, A. Baulard, D. Garmyn, B. Delplace, S. Hogan, and J. Delcour, Gene 118:21-30, 1992). Five different cassettes were sequenced and found to harbor genetic signals similar to those of other gram-positive bacteria. The functions of the cloned cassettes and the cassettes isolated previously from Enterococcus faecalis were compared in E. faecalis and L. plantarum, respectively. All signals were well recognized in L. plantarum, but cassettes isolated from L. plantarum led to a low level of amylase production in E. faecalis, suggesting that the L. plantarum signals are more species specific. Six transcriptional or translational fusions were constructed to express the Bacillus subtilis levanase gene (sacC) in L. plantarum. All of these constructions were capable of inducing levanase production and secretion in the culture supernatant, and, furthermore, L. plantarum strains harboring the most efficient fusions could grow in MRS medium containing inulin as the major carbon source. Finally, a two-step chromosomal integration procedure was used to achieve efficient stabilization of an amylase construction without any residual resistance marker or vector sequence.
Instantaneous saccade driven eye gaze interaction (2009)

In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a new Instantaneous Saccade (IS) selection scheme for eye gaze driven interfaces where the speed of the target selection is of utmost importance. In the IS selection scheme, target selection occurs at the start (onset) of a saccade requiring only constant amount of time to be completed. The IS performance is compared to the conventional Dwell Time (DT) selection scheme where target selection is triggered when a user fixates on an object for a certain amount of time. The IS method is also compared to the Saccade Offset (SO) selection scheme where target selection occurs at the end of a saccade. All three schemes were evaluated in terms of task completion time and the throughput of input performance in horizontal target selection task by six subjects. Results show that the Instantaneous Saccade selection was 57% faster than the DT selection to complete a task. In terms of throughput comparison, the throughput of the IS selection is 1.9 times greater than the throughput of DT selection. We hypothesize that Instantaneous Saccade selection will be beneficial in gaming environments that require fast very interaction speeds.
7th Annual European Antibody Congress 2011 (2012)

The 7th European Antibody Congress (EAC), organized by Terrapin Ltd., was again held in Geneva, Switzerland, following on the tradition established with the 4th EAC. The 2011 version of the EAC was attended by nearly 250 delegates who learned of the latest advances and trends in the global development of antibody-based therapeutics. The first day focused on advances in understanding structure-function relationships, choosing the best format, glycoengineering biobetter antibodies, improving the efficacy and drugability of mAbs and epitope mapping. On the second day, the discovery of novel targets for mAb therapy, clinical pipeline updates, use of antibody combinations to address resistance, generation and identification of mAbs against new targets and biosimilar mAb development were discussed. Antibody-drug conjugates, domain antibodies and new scaffolds and bispecific antibodies were the topics of the third day. In total, nearly 50 speakers provided updates of programs related to antibody research and development on-going in the academic, government and commercial sectors.
Cloning and Expression of a Novel Neuropeptide Y Receptor (1996)

The neuropeptide Y family of peptides, which includes neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), are found in the central and peripheral nervous system and display a wide array of biological activities. These actions are believed to be mediated through pharmacologically distinct G protein-coupled receptors, and, to date, three members of the NPY receptor family have been cloned. In this study we describe the cloning and expression of a novel NPY receptor from mouse genomic DNA. This receptor, designated NPY Y5, shares 60% amino acid identity to the murine NPY Y1 receptor. The pharmacology of this novel receptor resembles that of the NPY Y1 receptor and is distinct from that described for the NPY Y2, Y3, and Y4 receptors. In situ hybridization of mouse brain sections reveals expression of this receptor within discrete regions of the hypothalamus including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, bed nucleus stria terminalis, and the ventromedial nucleus with no localization apparent elsewhere in the brain.
The mapping process of unstructured data to structured data (2013)

Emergence of heterogeneous format of unstructured data is vital for an organization to consider as a basis to support organization function. Thus, there is an urgency of a suitable management process of unstructured data through collecting, manage, transfer and transform these data to a meaningful and informed data. Effective and efficient mapping processes of unstructured data to structured data could help organization to understand the significance of exploited and transformed data in supporting decision making process. Currently there is no study done on mapping unstructured data to structured data that can full fill the organization needs. This paper will explained four (4) main processes which are extraction, classification, repositories development and mapping of data with intention to help in generating new data and information which are more structured, comprehensive, collective and varied in topics to serve organizational needs. Output from this study is to ensure the mapping process of unstructured data to structured data will denote unstructured data as renewable assets that is useful, well informed and meaningful to serve organizational functions.
Learn Piano with BACh (2016)

We present Brain Automated Chorales (BACh), an adaptive brain-computer system that dynamically increases the levels of difficulty in a musical learning task based on pianists' cognitive workload measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. As users' cognitive workload fell below a certain threshold, suggesting that they had mastered the material and could handle more cognitive information, BACh automatically increased the difficulty of the learning task. We found that learners played with significantly increased accuracy and speed in the brain-based adaptive task compared to our control condition. Participant feedback indicated that they felt they learned better with BACh and they liked the timings of the level changes. The underlying premise of BACh can be applied to learning situations where a task can be broken down into increasing levels of difficulty.
The Enabler Cannula Pump: A Novel Circulatory Support System (1999)

This new circulatory support system contributes to stabilization of the circulation in the presence of cardiac unloading. In heart failure it actually supports the circulation by increasing cardiac output and perfusion pressure.
Chimeric alpha- and beta-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors define three immunoglobulin-like domains of the alpha-PDGF receptor that determine PDGF-AA binding specificity. (1990)

Binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to its cell surface receptors stimulates a variety of biochemical and biological responses. Two receptor gene products (designated alpha and beta) have been identified, and the different binding affinities of various PDGF isoforms for these receptors are prime determinants of the spectrum of responses observed. The beta receptor binds PDGF-BB, but not PDGF-AA, while the alpha receptor binds PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB. We utilized these different ligand binding specificities to investigate the PDGF-AA binding site in the human alpha-PDGF receptor by constructing chimeric molecules between the human alpha- and beta-PDGF receptors. Our results demonstrate that amino acids 1-340 of the alpha-PDGF receptor comprise the region that confers PDGF-AA binding specificity. This region corresponds to immunoglobulin-like sub-domains 1, 2, and 3 of its external domain.
O-Alkyl-5',5'-dinucleoside phosphates as prodrugs of 3'-azidothymidine and cordycepin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTO-Alkyl-5',5'-dinucleoside phosphates as prodrugs of 3'-azidothymidine and cordycepinChris Meier, Jean Michel Neumann, Francois Andre, Yvette Henin, and Huynh Dinh TamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7300–7308Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thermodynamically modulated partially double-stranded linear DNA probe design for homogeneous real-time PCR (2007)

Real-time PCR assays have recently been developed for diagnostic and research purposes. Signal generation in real-time PCR is achieved with probe designs that usually depend on exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase (e.g. TaqMan probe) or oligonucleotide hybridization (e.g. molecular beacon). Probe design often needs to be specifically tailored either to tolerate or to differentiate between sequence variations. The conventional probe technologies offer limited flexibility to meet these diverse requirements. Here, we introduce a novel partially double-stranded linear DNA probe design. It consists of a hybridization probe 5'-labeled with a fluorophore and a shorter quencher oligo of complementary sequence 3'-labeled with a quencher. Fluorescent signal is generated when the hybridization probe preferentially binds to amplified targets during PCR. This novel class of probe can be thermodynamically modulated by adjusting (i) the length of hybridization probe, (ii) the length of quencher oligo, (iii) the molar ratio between the two strands and (iv) signal detection temperature. As a result, pre-amplification signal, signal gain and the extent of mismatch discrimination can be reliably controlled and optimized. The applicability of this design strategy was demonstrated in the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay.
Ganglioside Composition in Human Meningiomas (1989)

The ganglioside composition in meningioma specimens from 20 patients was analyzed to find potential meningioma-associated structures. The characterization was performed by immunological staining with specific monoclonal antibodies to ganglioside antigens and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The major gangliosides were GM3 and GD3, and most of the meningioma specimens could be divided into a "GM3-rich" or a "GD3-rich" group. Gangliosides of the gangliotetraose series were represented by GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, which were found in minor amounts in all the specimens. The ratios of GM1/GD1a and GD1a/GD1b differed from that in normal brain, and therefore existence of this series could not be explained by contamination with brain material. Ganglioside 3'-isoLM1, found in human malignant glioma, could not be detected in any meningioma specimen.
Inkjet Printing of Conductive Silver Patterns by Using the First Aqueous Particle-Free MOD Ink without Additional Stabilizing Ligands (2010)

The chemical and physical properties of [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] (3) and its use as an aqueous, ligand-free MOD ink (MOD = metal−organic decomposition) for piezo inkjet printing is discussed. The printed, thermal, or photochemical sintered silver features are electrically conductive on glass (2.7 × 107 S m−1) and PET (PET = polyethylene terephthalate) substrates (1.1 × 107 S m−1) corresponding to 43% and 18% of the bulk silver conductivity. Conducted tape tests show the suitability of the ink for particularly polymer substrates. TG-MS studies demonstrate a two-step decomposition for the conversion of 3 to elemental silver. The structure of 3 in the solid state was determined by single X-ray structure determination.
Effect of phlorizin on SGLT2 expression in the kidney of diabetic rats (2010)

In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibition prevented the development of hypertension in diabetic rats as well as hyperglycemia, suggesting a hypertensive mechanism associated with SGLT2 activity and the likelihood that increased SGLT2 expression may be associated with progression of diabetic renal complications.
On the oxidation of N‐methyl and N‐benzylpyrimidin‐2‐ and ‐4‐ones by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase (1984)

Abstract The presence of a methyl or benzyl group at N‐1 or N‐3 of 2‐ and 4‐pyrimidone does not affect the site of oxidation by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. From all substrates studies only one product viz . the corresponding N‐1 or N‐3 substituted uracil has been obtained. The maximum rates of oxidation by free enzyme show an optimum in the p H range 6.5–7.8, which is little influenced by the site and the size of the N‐substituent. Application of immobilized enzyme in small scale synthesis gives 1‐ or 3‐R‐uracils (R = methyl, benzyl) in 43–78% yield.