gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granzyme A and perforin as markers for rejection in cardiac transplantation (1991)

The use of granzyme A and perforin as markers for rejection after cardiac transplantation has been investigated. Using in situ hybridization we have detected lymphocytes expressing granzyme A and perforin RNA that are infiltrating the donor heart after transplantation. A total of 29 different biopsies from 17 different patients who had undergone cardiac transplantation were examined. Twelve biopsies classified by conventional histological criteria as showing evidence of rejection were found to contain lymphocytes expressing granzyme A and perforin. Seven biopsies classified as showing no histological evidence of rejection infiltrating lymphocytes were found not to be expressing granzyme A or perforin. However, in 10 other biopsies from 5 different patients that had been classified as showing no evidence of rejection by the conventional grading system, lymphocytes expressing granzyme A and perforin were detected. In six of these cases the patient was found to have undergone a subsequent rejection episode. In the other four cases the biopsies were either taken at a very early stage after transplantation and the high doses of immunosuppression used routinely at that stage are likely to have averted any rejection episodes, or it was not possible to follow subsequent rejection episodes. These results, which are statistically significant (p = 0.06), demonstrate that granzyme A- and perforin-expressing lymphocytes can be identified in rejecting biopsies before histological damage is seen. The identification of perforin and granzyme A expression in vivo suggest a possible role for these proteins in the cytolysis that occurs during transplantation rejection. Furthermore, the data presented here suggest that it may be possible to use granzyme A and perforin as early predictive markers of transplantation rejection.
Clinical analysis and quantitation of MB-102, a novel fluorescence tracer agent, in human plasma (2018)

An innovative analytical method for quantitating MB-102 in human plasma by HPLC, with application in real-time assessment of kidney function.
Synthesis of polymers containing pseudohalide groups by cationic polymerization. 5. Study of various aspects of the 2-methylpropene polymerization coinitiated by hydrazoic acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polymers containing pseudohalide groups by cationic polymerization. 5. Study of various aspects of the 2-methylpropene polymerization coinitiated by hydrazoic acidJean de la Croix Habimana, Herve Cheradame, Eliane Rousset, and Frank J. ChenCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 9, 2297–2302Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00061a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Curvelets: A Surprisingly Effective Nonadaptive Representation for Objects with Edges (2000)

It is widely believed that to efficiently represent an otherwise smooth object with discontinuities along edges, one must use an adaptive representation that in some sense `tracks&amp;apos; the shape of the discontinuity set. This folk-belief -- some would say folk-theorem -- is incorrect. At the very least, the possible quantitative advantage of such adaptation is vastly smaller than commonly believed. We have recently constructed a tight frame of curvelets which provides stable, efficient, and near-optimal representation of otherwise smooth objects having discontinuities along smooth curves. By applying naive thresholding to the curvelet transform of such an object, one can form m-term approximations with rate of L² approximation rivaling the rate obtainable by complex adaptive schemes which attempt to `track&amp;apos; the discontinuity set. In this article we explain the basic issues of efficient m-term approximation, the construction of efficient adaptive representation, the construction ...
Reductions of the glass transition temperature in thin polymer films: Probing the length scale of cooperative dynamics (2000)

We report measurements of the glass transition temperature, T(g), in free standing polymer films in a low M(n) limit where chain confinement effects are not observed. The measured T(g) values are accurately described by a layer model incorporating a mobile surface layer with a size determined by the length scale of cooperative dynamics. The analysis leads to a surface T(g) value and length scale of cooperative motion near bulk T(g) which quantitatively agree with independently determined values. The model and parameters provide a framework within which all previous measurements of T(g) values in thin supported films may be understood and provides values for the length scale of cooperative motion over an extended range of temperatures below the bulk T(g) value.
Active Constituents of Hashish. Synthesis of dl-Δ6-3,4-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive Constituents of Hashish. Synthesis of dl-Δ6-3,4-trans-TetrahydrocannabinolEdward C. Taylor, Katherine Lenard, and Youval ShvoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 2, 367–369Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00954a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00954a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SNT, a differentiation-specific target of neurotrophic factor-induced tyrosine kinase activity in neurons and PC12 cells. (1993)

To elucidate the signal transduction mechanisms used by ligands that induce differentiation and the cessation of cell division, we utilized p13suc1-agarose, a reagent that binds p34cdc2/cdk2. By using this reagent, we identified a 78- to 90-kDa species in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells that is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine following treatment with the differentiation factors nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor but not by the mitogens epidermal growth factor or insulin. This species, called SNT (suc-associated neurotrophic factor-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated target), was also phosphorylated on tyrosine in primary rat cortical neurons treated with the neurotrophic factors neurotrophin-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and fibroblast growth factor but not in those treated with epidermal growth factor. In neuronal and fibroblast cells, where NGF can also act as a mitogen, SNT was tyrosine phosphorylated to a much greater extent during NGF-induced differentiation than during NGF-induced proliferation. SNT was phosphorylated in vitro on serine, threonine, and tyrosine in p13suc1-agarose precipitates from NGF-treated PC12 cells, indicating that this protein may be a substrate of kinase activities associated with p13suc1-p34cdc2/cdk2 complexes. In addition, SNT was associated predominantly with nuclear fractions following subcellular fractionation of NGF-treated PC12 cells. Finally, in PC12 cells, NGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of SNT was dependent on the levels of Trk tyrosine kinase activity and was constitutively induced by expression of pp60v-src. However, Ras was not required for constitutive SNT tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that this protein functions distally to Trk and pp60v-src but in a pathway parallel to that of Ras. SNT is the first identified specific target of differentiation factor-induced tyrosine kinase activity in neuronal cells.
Intraspecific Diversity ofYersinia pestis (2004)

Increased interest in the pathogenic potential of Yersinia pestis has emerged because of the potential threats from bioterrorism. Pathogenic potential is based on genetic factors present in a population of microbes, yet most studies evaluating the role of specific genes in virulence have used a limited number of strains. For Y. pestis this issue is complicated by the fact that most strains available for study in the Americas are clonally derived and thus genetically restricted, emanating from a strain of Y. pestis introduced into the United States in 1902 via marine shipping and subsequent spread of this strain throughout North and South America. In countries from the former Soviet Union (FSU), Mongolia, and China there are large areas of enzootic foci of Y. pestis infection containing genetically diverse strains that have been intensely studied by scientists in these countries. However, the results of these investigations are not generally known outside of these countries. Here we describe the variety of methods used in the FSU to classify Y. pestis strains based on genetic and phenotypic variation and show that there is a high level of diversity in these strains not reflected by ones obtained from sylvatic areas and patients in the Americas.
Electrodeposited Iridium Oxide pH Electrode for Measurement of Extracellular Myocardial Acidosis during Acute Ischemia (1998)

In the present paper, fabrication, characterization, and physiological applications of a solid-state pH electrode are described. The pH sensing layer was based on an anodic electrodeposited iridium oxide film (AEIROF). Sputtered platinum electrodes (1 mm diameter) fabricated on flexible Kapton films or platinum wires were used as planar or cylindrical supports. Each electrode site was coated with Nafion to attenuate the interference of anionic redox species and to protect the electrode surface during in vivo measurements. Performance of the AEIROF was evaluated, for the first time, as a pH electrode and proved to have a slightly super-Nernstian response with slope of -63.5 +/- 2.2 mV/pH unit for both wire and planar sputtered platinum electrodes. Linear pH responses were obtained in the pH range 2-10. The electrodes have a working lifetime of at least 1 month with accuracy of about 0.02 pH unit and fast response time. The electrodes showed very low sensitivities for different species, such as Na+, K+, Li+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, dissolved oxygen, lactate, ascorbate, and urate, which are important for physiological applications. The electrodes were applied in extracellular pH measurements during brief regional ischemia in a swine heart and no-flow ischemia in an isolated rabbit papillary muscle. A first report on extracellular pH, K+, and lactate simultaneous measurements during no-flow ischemia using the AEIROF pH electrode and the previously described K+ and lactate electrodes is presented as well.
Adult bone marrow is a rich source of human mesenchymal ‘stem’ cells but umbilical cord and mobilized adult blood are not (2003)

In postnatal life, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) self-replicate, proliferate and differentiate into mesenchymal tissues, including bone, fat, tendon, muscle and bone marrow (BM) stroma. Possible clinical applications for MSC in stem cell transplantation have been proposed. We have evaluated the frequency, phenotype and differentiation potential of MSC in adult BM, cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood stem cell collections (PBSC). During culture, BM MSC proliferated to confluence in 10-14 d, maintaining a stable non-haemopoietic phenotype, HLA class-1+, CD29+, CD44+, CD90+, CD45-, CD34- and CD14 through subsequent passages. Using the colony forming unit fibroblasts assay, the estimated frequency of MSC in the BM nucleated cell population was 1 in 3.4 x 10(4) cells. Both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BM MSC was demonstrated. In contrast, CB and PBSC mononuclear cells cultured in MSC conditions for two passages produced a population of adherent, non-confluent fibroblast-like cells with a haemopoietic phenotype, CD45+, CD14+, CD34-, CD44-, CD90- and CD29-. In paired experiments, cultured BM MSC and mature BM stroma were seeded with CB cells enriched for CD34+. Similar numbers of colony-forming units of granulocytes-macrophages were produced by MSC-based and standard stroma cultures over 10 weeks. We conclude that adult BM is a reliable source of functional cultured MSC, but CB and PBSC are not.
Matrix in Cartilage and Bone Development: Current Views on the Function and Regulation of Major Organic Components (1991)

Study of the growth and development of cartilage and bone has been difficult because the structure of the tissues makes biological experiments hard to conduct. Recent advances in molecular biology have offered new possibilities for studying these processes. Many cartilage and bone specific cDNAs have been cloned and characterized and consequently used to localize the corresponding mRNAs in tissue sections. Developing cartilage and bone serve as a model for the study of extracellular matrix gene regulation during the proliferation, growth and differentiation of connective tissue cells. Normal skeletal growth and development are regulated by both systemic and local factors. The effects of many systemic hormones on bone metabolism have been studied extensively, but the pathways triggered by these hormones in the target cells are less well known. Recent evidence suggests that some growth factors, such as TGF-beta, IGFs and PDGF, act as local regulators of cartilage and bone metabolism. The different extracellular matrix components, e.g. collagens, are expressed differently in distinct cell types and developmental stages during cartilage and bone development. This model, therefore, facilitates the study of relations between the production of the various extracellular matrix components and the growth factors and the proto-oncogenes which may regulate them. Existing knowledge of the expression of major cartilage and bone components and their regulation during growth, differentiation and development is reviewed. An understanding of the normal growth and development of cartilage and bone is fundamental for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the various diseases -- both hereditary and acquired -- affecting the human skeleton.
Interferences in immunoassay. (2004)

Substances that alter the measurable concentration of the analyte or alter antibody binding can potentially result in immunoassay interference. Interfering, endogenous substances that are natural, polyreactive antibodies or autoantibodies (heterophiles), or human anti-animal antibodies together with other unsuspected binding proteins that are unique to the individual, can interfere with the reaction between analyte and reagent antibodies in immunoassay. Lipaemia, cross-reactivity, and exogenous interferences due to pre-analytical variation, matrix and equipment reaction also affect immunoassay. Interfering substances may lead to falsely elevated or falsely low analyte concentration in one or more assay systems depending on the site of the interference in the reaction and possibly result in discordant results for other analytes. The prevalence of interference is generally low in assays containing blocking agents that neutralise or inhibit the interference but is often higher in new, untested immunoassays. A wide range of analytes measured by immunoassay including hormones, tumour markers, drugs, cardiac troponin and microbial serology may be affected. Interference in immunoassay may lead to the misinterpretation of a patient's results by the laboratory and the wrong course of treatment being given by the physician. Laboratories should put processes in place to detect, test and report suspected interferences. It is equally important that physicians communicate any clinical suspicion of discordance between the clinical and the laboratory data to the laboratory. The detection of interference may require the use of an alternate assay or additional measurements, before and after treatment with additional blocking reagent, or following dilution of the sample in non-immune serum. It is imperative that laboratories inform physicians of the follow-up procedure and report on the presence of any interference. The establishment of on-going laboratory-physician contact is essential to the continuing awareness of wrong patient results due to interference.
Formal Intent-Based Trajectory Description Languages (2014)

This paper describes an improved version of our intent-related hierarchy of formal languages designed to describe aircraft trajectories. These languages allow a complete or partial specification of aircraft trajectories at different levels, and the extension of its features described in this paper allows their applicability to define more complex kind of missions, such as those of unmanned vehicles or military aircraft. This paper provides a complete description on lexicon, syntax, and graphical representation details for each language and shows their applicability through a set of clarifying examples of flight specifications with different granularity. The described language hierarchy has been proven as a suitable framework for describing aircraft trajectories with different levels of detail and for different applications. Its versatility and flexibility are demonstrated through a set of scenarios identifying characteristic operational examples.
High-Speed Electrically Actuated Elastomers with Strain Greater Than 100% (2000)

Electrical actuators were made from films of dielectric elastomers (such as silicones) coated on both sides with compliant electrode material. When voltage was applied, the resulting electrostatic forces compressed the film in thickness and expanded it in area, producing strains up to 30 to 40%. It is now shown that prestraining the film further improves the performance of these devices. Actuated strains up to 117% were demonstrated with silicone elastomers, and up to 215% with acrylic elastomers using biaxially and uniaxially prestrained films. The strain, pressure, and response time of silicone exceeded those of natural muscle; specific energy densities greatly exceeded those of other field-actuated materials. Because the actuation mechanism is faster than in other high-strain electroactive polymers, this technology may be suitable for diverse applications.
A MEMS viscometric sensor for continuous glucose monitoring (2007)

We present a MEMS sensor aiming to enable continuous monitoring of glucose levels in diabetes patients. The device features a magnetically-driven vibrating microcantilever, which is situated in a microchamber and separated from the environment by a semi-permeable membrane. Glucose sensing is based on affinity binding principles using a solution of dextran concanavalin-A (Con A) as the sensing fluid. The glucose concentration is determined by detecting viscosity changes induced by the binding of glucose to Con A through the measurement of the cantilever's vibration parameters. The device is capable of measuring physiologically relevant glucose concentrations from 0 to 25 mM with a resolution better than 0.025 mM and a phase sensitivity better than 0.4° mM−1. The response of the sensor to glucose concentration changes has a time constant down to 4.27 min, and can be further improved with optimized device designs.
Heat Shock Proteins and Scavenger Receptors: Role in Adaptive Immune Responses (2005)

Tumor-derived heat shock proteins have shown promise as anti-cancer vaccines in clinical trials. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can generate potent anti-tumor immunity and elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in murine studies. Antigen presenting cells (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses mediated by HSPs. CD91 was the first identified endocytic scavenger receptor for HSPs on APC that can facilitate the process of cross-presentation. Other scavenger receptors may also play a similar role in this process. The present review critically evaluates the identified HSP endocytic receptors on APCs that may generate adaptive immune responses. A better understanding of this interaction between HSPs and APCs may further unravel mechanisms of immunoadjuvant function of HSPs.
Chiral DOTA chelators as an improved platform for biomedical imaging and therapy applications (2018)

Despite established clinical utilisation, there is an increasing need for safer, more inert gadolinium-based contrast agents, and for chelators that react rapidly with radiometals. Here we report the syntheses of a series of chiral DOTA chelators and their corresponding metal complexes and reveal properties that transcend the parent DOTA compound. We incorporated symmetrical chiral substituents around the tetraaza ring, imparting enhanced rigidity to the DOTA cavity, enabling control over the range of stereoisomers of the lanthanide complexes. The Gd chiral DOTA complexes are shown to be orders of magnitude more inert to Gd release than [GdDOTA]<sup>-</sup>. These compounds also exhibit very-fast water exchange rates in an optimal range for high field imaging. Radiolabeling studies with (Cu-64/Lu-177) also demonstrate faster labelling properties. These chiral DOTA chelators are alternative general platforms for the development of stable, high relaxivity contrast agents, and for radiometal complexes used for imaging and/or therapy.