gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of amiodarone, a new anti‐anginal drug, on cardiac muscle (1970)

1. Amiodarone (2-butyl, 3-(4-diethylaminoethoxy, 3,5-diiodo, benzoyl) benzofuran hydrochloride), an anti-anginal drug which causes coronary dilatation and depresses myocardial oxygen consumption, was found to protect anaesthetized guinea-pigs against ouabain-induced ventricular fibrillation.2. A 5% (73.4 mM) solution of amiodarone had no local anaesthetic action on guinea-pig skin.3. Amiodarone, 20 mg/kg (29.4 mumol/kg) given daily for 6 weeks intraperitoneally, had no effect on the resting potential or action potential height, and only a small effect on the maximum rate of depolarization, of isolated rabbit atrial or ventricular muscle fibres as shown by intracellular recording. It caused a considerable prolongation of the action potential in both tissues.4. Simultaneous administration of thyroxine (5 mug; 6.26 nmol), given daily for 3 weeks intraperitoneally, prevented the prolongation by amiodarone of the duration of the action potential.5. Treatment of rabbits with 20 mg/kg of amiodarone daily intraperitoneally for 6 weeks had no effect on the weight of the thyroid gland, but was associated with a reduction in body growth rate.6. Treatment of rabbits with 10 mg/kg (60.3 mumol/kg) of potassium iodide (equal in its iodine content to that of 20 mg/kg of amiodarone), given daily for 6 weeks intraperitoneally, had no effect on body growth rate or the duration of cardiac action potentials.7. It was concluded that amiodarone had effects on cardiac action potentials similar to those which occur after thyroidectomy.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF MEMBRANE AND SURFACE PROTEINS (1984)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Dehydrin Expression and Drought Tolerance in Seven Wheat Cultivars (2003)

The winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) producing region of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) is subject to periods of water deficit during sowing and grain filling. Improving the genetic adaptation of wheat to drought stress represents one of the main objectives of regional breeding programs. One biochemical response to dehydrative stress is the accumulation of a family of proteins called dehydrins, which are believed to protect membranes and macromolecules against denaturation. Although previous studies demonstrated the accumulation of dehydrins in drought‐stressed wheat, little was known about the relation of dehydrin expression to acquisition of drought tolerance in specific varieties adapted to the PNW. We characterized dehydrin accumulation during the exposure of seven cultivars (‘Connie’, ‘Gene’, ‘TAM105’, ‘Rod’, ‘Hiller’, ‘Rhode’, and ‘Stephens’) to progressive drought stress in four separate experiments. The objective was to identify differences in the nature or timing of dehydrin expression in these cultivars and to learn whether dehydrin expression was associated with the acquisition of stress tolerance during seedling development. Expression of a 24‐kDa dehydrin was observed in Connie, TAM105, and Gene after 4 d of stress and at subsequent sampling dates while no dehydrins were detected in nonstress control plants. Dehydrin expression was significantly delayed in the remaining cultivars. The presence of this dehydrin was related to acquisition of drought tolerance characterized by a greater maintenance of shoot dry matter production in Connie, TAM105, and Gene. Although the role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins might be used to improve the adaptation to drought.
Distant metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A study of 256 male patients (1986)

The records of 256 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been reviewed to determine the incidence and location of distant metastases. Sixty-three patients underwent autopsy. The incidence of distant metastases was 36% overall, and 51% in the autopsy patients. Bones, distant lymphnodes, liver, and lungs were the most common sites of distant metastases. Liver was the most common site in the autopsy patients. Compared to other major histological subtypes, undifferentiated carcinoma had the highest incidence of bone but lowest incidence of lung metastases. There was a strong correlation between advanced locoregional disease and distant metastases. Of those patients who developed distant metastases, 98% were discovered within 3 years or earlier. Thorough evaluation of the above organs/systems is indicated at the time of initial staging work-up and at follow-up, specifically for patients with advanced locoregional disease. A literature review of distant metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is presented.
An Overview of Color Constancy Algorithms (2006)

The Journal of Pattern Recognition Research (JPRR) provides an open access forum for the publication of research articles in areas of pattern recognition, machine learning, artificial intelligence, computational algorithms, and fuzzy learning
Novel Multidrug Resistance Reversal Agents (1999)

A series of 59 alpha-aryl-alpha-thioether-alkyl, -alkanenitrile, and -alkanecarboxylic acid methyl ester tetrahydroisoquinoline and isoindoline derivatives (15a-48) were synthesized and evaluated as multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agents. The compounds were tested on S1-B1-20 human colon carcinoma cells selected for resistance to bisantrene. Both the cytotoxicity of the reversal agents and their ability to resensitize the cells to bisantrene were determined. All but two of these compounds (15q, 40) were more effective MDR reversal agents in vitro than verapamil (VRP), a calcium channel antagonist which also has been shown to possess MDR modulating activity. Several showed good activity in this assay (IC50's < 0.5 microM), the most potent being isoindolines 44 (IC50 0.26 microM) and 46 (IC50 0.26 microM) and tetrahydroisoquinolines 47 (IC50 0.29 microM) and 15m (IC50 0.30 microM). A number of compounds were evaluated in vivo against vincristine (VCR)-resistant murine P388 leukemia, as well as against human epidermoid carcinoma KB/8.5 implanted sc in athymic mice. The reversal agents which consistently showed the highest activity, together with low toxicity, were alpha-aryl-alpha-thiotolylalkanenitrile tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives with electron-rich alkoxy substituents on the aromatic rings. Of the tested compounds, the most effective reversal agents for both tumor lines were 15h (33% increased life span at 12.5 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg VCR versus VCR alone in the VCR-resistant P388 leukemia model and 59% relative tumor growth at 50 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in the KB/8.5 model) and 39a (48% increased life span at 50 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg VCR versus VCR alone in the VCR-resistant P388 leukemia model and 46% relative tumor growth at 25 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in the KB/8.5 model). The mechanism of action of these compounds is believed to involve blocking the drug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein.
Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes via a Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate−4-Dimethylaminopyridine Zwitterion Approach (2007)

A versatile and highly efficient zwitterion method to functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as well as fullerenes has been developed. This approach employs a combination of moderately weak electrophiles and nucleophiles to create reactive zwitterions, which are the key intermediates toward the functionalization. Such novel protocol provides a powerful platform for functionalization of SWCNTs and fullerenes in a modular fashion and will be of great use to both polymer chemistry and materials science.
Synthesis of Red-Shifted 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives Using Click Chemistry and Their Incorporation into Phosphorylation Chemosensors (2009)

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, and protein kinases, the enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer, are involved in nearly every aspect of normal, as well as aberrant, cell function. Here we describe the synthesis of novel, red-shifted 8-hydroxyquinoline-based fluorophores and their incorporation into peptidyl kinase activity reporters. Replacement of the sulfonamide group of the sulfonamido-oxine (1, Sox) chromophore, which has been previously used in kinase sensing, by a 1,4-substituted triazole moiety prepared via click chemistry resulted in a significant bathochromic shift in the fluorescence excitation (15 nm) and emission (40 nm) maxima for the Mg(2+) chelate. Furthermore, when a click derivative was incorporated into a chemosensor for MK2, the kinase accepted the new substrate as efficiently as the previously reported Sox-based sensor. Taken together, these results extend the utility range of kinase sensors that are based on chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF).
Differential and antagonistic effects of v-Jun and c-Jun. (1996)

We compared the ability of cellular and viral Jun (c-Jun and v-Jun) to transactivate target genes. c-Jun and v-Jun bind specifically to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate responsive elements [TREs, also called activator protein 1 (AP-1) motifs]. However, whereas c-Jun activates TRE-controlled promoters, v-Jun represses them. Cotransfection of the two Jun proteins reduces c-Jun-dependent transactivation. The expression of the endogenous c-jun gene, regulated through a promoter-proximal AP-1-binding site, is repressed in v-Jun-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. It is suggested that an M(r) 18,000 v-Jun peptide prominent in v-Jun-transformed cells acts as a transdominant-negative regulator of AP-1 activity and of c-jun expression. In contrast to the results with TRE sites, both v-Jun and c-Jun activate transcription through the human T-cell leukemia virus type I 21-bp repeat which contains a sequence homologous to the cyclic AMP responsive element. However, full-length Jun proteins bind to this site only with low affinity, and binding of the truncated v-Jun was barely detectable. These observations show that the oncogenic viral form of Jun differs from the cellular version in promoter preference and on certain promoters acts as an antagonist to c-Jun.
Interaction of Mat-8 (FXYD-3) with Na+/K+-ATPase in Colorectal Cancer Cells (2007)

Mat-8 was fused with a Myc-tag or green fluorescent protein at its carboxyl terminus, and then expressed in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells. Determination of the cellular localization of the tagged proteins suggested that they were localized on the intracellular membrane, being not only detected around the nuclear envelope but also partly overlapping with markers for endosomes and Golgi bodies. However, Mat-8 with the Myc-tag was detected on the plasma membrane as well as the intracellular membrane, when it was expressed in colorectal cancer cells. The membrane fraction of the cancer cells was solubilized and immuno-precipitated with an antibody for the Myc-tag. Western-blotting analysis demonstrated that the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit was present in the precipitate. Furthermore, the immuno-precipitate obtained with an antibody for the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit reacted with that for the Myc-tag. These results suggested that Mat-8 could be associated with Na+/K+-ATPase similar to other FXYD family members. The Gly41-->Arg mutation in the transmembrane region of Mat-8 inhibited its association with the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit and localization on the plasma membrane, whereas the Cys44-->Ala or Cys49-->Ala substitution did not. Thus the conserved Gly41 residue in the transmembrane domain could be indispensable for localization of Mat-8 on the cell surface.
The Effect of Exchanging Various Substituents at the 2-Position of 2-Methoxyestradiol on Cytotoxicity in Human Cancer Cell Cultures and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization (2002)

A new set of estradiol derivatives bearing various substituents at the 2-position were synthesized in order to further elucidate the structural parameters associated with the antitubulin activity and cytotoxicity of 2-substituted estradiols. The potencies of the new compounds as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization were determined, and the cytotoxicities of the analogues in human cancer cell cultures were investigated. The substituents introduced into the 2-position of estradiol included E-3'-hydroxy-1'-propenyl, 2'-hydroxyethoxy, 3-N,N-dimethylaminoethylideneamino, 2'-hydroxyethylineneamino, (beta-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl, phenylethynyl, ethynly, 1'-propynyl, and cyano. The substituents conferring the ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization included E-3'-hydroxy-1'-propenyl, 2'-hydroxyethoxy, ethynyl, and 1'-propynyl. The remaining compounds were all inactive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization when tested at concentrations of up to 40 microM. All of the compounds were cytotoxic in a panel of 55 human cancer cell cultures, and in general, the most cytotoxic compounds were also the most potent as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. 2-(1'-Propynyl)estradiol displayed significant anticancer activity in the in vivo hollow fiber animal model.
l-arginine availability regulates T-lymphocyte cell-cycle progression (2006)

L-arginine (L-Arg) plays a central role in several biologic systems including the regulation of T-cell function. L-Arg depletion by myeloid-derived suppressor cells producing arginase I is seen in patients with cancer inducing T-cell anergy. We studied how L-Arg starvation could regulate T-cell-cycle progression. Stimulated T cells cultured in the absence of L-Arg are arrested in the G0-G1phase of the cell cycle. This was associated with an inability of T cells to up-regulate cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), but not cdk6, resulting in an impaired downstream signaling with a decreased phosphorylation of Rb protein and a low expression and binding of E2F1. Silencing of cyclin D3 reproduced the cell cycle arrest caused by L-Arg starvation. The regulation of cyclin D3 and cdk4 by L-Arg starvation occurs at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Signaling through GCN2 kinase is triggered during amino acid starvation. Experiments demonstrated that T cells from GCN2 knock-out mice did not show a decreased proliferation and were able to up-regulate cyclin D3 when cultured in the absence of L-Arg. These results contribute to the understanding of a central mechanism by which cancer and other diseases characterized by high arginase I production may cause T-cell dysfunction.
The Cellulose Synthase Superfamily (2000)

The availability of a nearly complete genome sequence for Arabidopsis has created many novel opportunities to identify, by computational methods, the genes that encode enzymes, which have been difficult to characterize by conventional means. We have used this approach to identify a large family of
Prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. (1991)

There is obvious merit in being able to accurately predict outcome and tailor treatment according to individual risk and potential for benefit. Epithelial ovarian cancers are characterized by a broad spectrum of biological behavior ranging from tumors that have an excellent prognosis and high likelihood of cure to those that progress rapidly and have a very poor prognosis. This wide clinical spectrum is partly reflected by a number of clinicopathological prognostic variables which include International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histologic subtype and grade, volume of residual tumor remaining after surgical resection, performance status, and age. There has been increasing interest by many groups to incorporate the independent prognostic variables into multivariate models that could better predict outcome. This approach does appear to allow the identification of different prognostic subsets and requires confirmation in prospective studies. There has been, and there continues to be a lot of effort in identifying new prognostic factors that have a biologic rationale and these will be discussed. Most of these new prognostic factors have not been subjected to rigorous testing and this will be clearly necessary before they find clinical application. This is an area that is rapidly evolving with the increased understanding of the molecular basis for ovarian carcinogenesis and progression coupled with technological advances such as DNA arrays and automated polymerase chain reaction. We are at the threshold of developing a new and more objective as well as rational approach to predict prognosis and response to therapy.
Ag-Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of Enol Ethers with Aryl, Alkyl, Alkenyl, and Alkynyl Imines (2004)

An efficient catalytic and enantioselective method (up to >98% ee) for Mannich reactions between trimethylsilyl enol ethers derived from acetone and acetophenone and aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl imines is disclosed. A large variety of beta-amino ketones can be synthesized in the presence of 1-5 mol % AgOAc and an inexpensive and readily available amino acid-derived phosphine. All Ag-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reactions can be run in undistilled THF and air. The o-anisyl activating groups of product amines can be removed in >70% isolated yield through a single vessel operation. The synthetic utility of the catalytic asymmetric method is illustrated by a four-pot synthesis of optically pure alkaloid (-)-sedamine.
Back-contacted thin-film GaAs solar cells (2016)

In this work, we present a thin-film GaAs solar cell employing via contacts for forming a back-contacted solar cell to eliminate light blocking effects and enhance photon recycling at the same time. The fabrication procedure and the characterization of the fabricated devices are discussed in this paper. From our measurement, a conversion efficiency of 6.5%, open circuit voltage of 0.95 V, and a current density of 8.6mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> under one-sun illumination were obtained in a 5×5 mm cell.
The Three-dimensional Structure of the Cardiac L-type Voltage-gated Calcium Channel (2004)

We describe here the first three-dimensional structure of the cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) purified from bovine heart. The structure was determined by electron microscopy and single particle analysis of negatively stained complexes, using the angular reconstitution method. The cardiac VGCC can be isolated as a stable dimer, as reported previously for the skeletal muscle VGCC, with a central aqueous chamber formed by the two halves of the complex. Moreover, we demonstrate that the dimeric cardiac VGCC binds the dihydropyridine [3H]azidopine with a Kd approximately 310 pM. We have compared the cardiac VGCC structure with the skeletal muscle form, determined using the same reconstructive methodology, allowing us to identify common and distinct features of the complexes. By using antibody and lectin-gold labeling, we have localized the intracellular beta polypeptides and the extracellular glycosylation sites of the skeletal muscle VGCC, which can be correlated to the cardiac three-dimensional structure. From the data presented here the assignment of the orientation of the VGCC complexes with respect to the lipid bilayer is now possible. A difference between the cardiac and skeletal muscle ion channels is apparent in the putative transmembrane region, which would be consistent with the absence of the gamma subunit in the cardiac VGCC assembly.
Microfluidic routing of aqueous and organic flows at high pressures: fabrication and characterization of integrated polymer microvalve elements (2004)

This paper presents the first systematic engineering study of the impact of chemical formulation and surface functionalization on the performace of free-standing microfluidic polymer elements used for high-pressure fluid control in glass microsystems. System design, chemical wet-etch processes, and laser-induced polymerization techniques are described, and parametric studies illustrate the effects of polymer formulation, glass surface modification, and geometric constraints on system performance parameters. In particular, this study shows that highly crosslinked and fluorinated polymers can overcome deficiencies in previously-reported microvalve architectures, particularly limited solvent compatibility. Substrate surface modification is shown effective in reducing the friction of the polymer-glass interface and thereby facilitating valve actuation. A microchip one-way valve constructed using this architecture shows a 2 x 10(8) ratio of forward and backward flow rates at 7 MPa. This valve architecture is integrated on chip with minimal dead volumes (70 pl), and should be applicable to systems (including chromatography and chemical synthesis devices) requiring high pressures and solvents of varying polarity.
Modified oligoribonucleotides as site-specific probes of RNA structure and function (1998)

Modified nucleotides can be incorporated site specifically into RNA by the use of total chemical synthesis as well as by use of a variety of recombinant RNA techniques. The range of nucleotide analogues includes modifications to base, sugar, and phosphate for structure–function analysis and for cross-linking studies as well as to answer specific mechanistic questions in RNA catalysis. We describe how RNA containing site-specific modifications are prepared, concentrating in particular on routes involving chemically synthesized oligoribonucleotides, and give examples of their application in studies of the hammerhead and hairpin ribozymes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 48: 39–55, 1998