gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mRNA Expression and Amino Acid Transport Characteristics of Cultured Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hBME) (2002)

An in vitro cell culture system for estimating the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of drugs is required for the development of drugs with effects on the central nervous system. In this study, cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBME) were characterized. hBME cells exhibited concentration-dependent uptake of L-Leu, L-Glu and L-Lys with K(m) values of 51.1+/-23.1 microM, 163.3+/-79.8 microM and 72.4+/-56.6 microM, respectively. The cellular accumulation of rhodamine123 in hBME cells was unaffected by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates (cyclosporin A, quinidine and verapamil), while the accumulation in human P-gp-overexpressing cells was significantly increased in the presence of these P-gp substrates. RT-PCR revealed that hBME cells expressed large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and its associated molecule (4F2hc), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1). However, no expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) was detected. The results suggest that these amino acid transporters are functionally expressed at the human BBB, and that hBME cells retain the in vivo BBB transport functions and expression characteristics. Consequently, hBME cells should be a useful tool for studies of the human BBB.
AreWeThereYet?: a temporally aware media player (2008)

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the AreWeThereYet? (AWTY) Player- a (digital) audio player that composes a program of audio media that is extremely likely to fit within the user’s available listening time. AWTY uses time compression and track selection techniques to help the listener make more efficient use of their time. More importantly, it possesses an awareness of the listener’s temporal context. It forms an estimate of the available listening time and uses this prediction to compose a playlist of a suitable length. We hope that this research prototype will inspire others to further investigate the ways in which temporally aware computing might be employed.
A phrase-based statistical model for SMS text normalization (2006)

Short Messaging Service (SMS) texts behave quite differently from normal written texts and have some very special phenomena. To translate SMS texts, traditional approaches model such irregularities directly in Machine Translation (MT). However, such approaches suffer from customization problem as tremendous effort is required to adapt the language model of the existing translation system to handle SMS text style. We offer an alternative approach to resolve such irregularities by normalizing SMS texts before MT. In this paper, we view the task of SMS normalization as a translation problem from the SMS language to the English language and we propose to adapt a phrase-based statistical MT model for the task. Evaluation by 5-fold cross validation on a parallel SMS normalized corpus of 5000 sentences shows that our method can achieve 0.80702 in BLEU score against the baseline BLEU score 0.6958. Another experiment of translating SMS texts from English to Chinese on a separate SMS text corpus shows that, using SMS normalization as MT preprocessing can largely boost SMS translation performance from 0.1926 to 0.3770 in BLEU score.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (AD) and Drug Synthesis. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mining the bit pipes: Discovering and leveraging users' behavior (2009)

This paper explores ways to enhance services provided to a user, based on the user's own behavior and context. The assumption is that the user continues to simply use data communication services, while the service provider (SP) mines the content exchanged over the communication pipes for information that can be used to further personalize the same service or other services to which the user has subscribed or opted-in. The content of the messages exchanged by the user may either directly or indirectly present mining opportunities. Messages may be exchanged between users leveraging communication technologies used in wireless networks (e.g. short message service (SMS)) or combinations of wireless and wireline networks (e.g. instant messaging (IM) over a next generation network (NGN) IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Such messages may be intercepted or forwarded for content screening (CS) for subsequent content analysis (CA) (e.g. similar to deep packet inspection (DPI) techniques). The CA outcome represents information that can be applied to augment existing user's personal and context data, and be further used to offer new or enhanced services to the user (e.g. personalized advertising). In this paper, in addition to exploring the mining of data communication pipes, we are also describing how existing and/or emerging application enablement standards (e.g. OMA's converged IP messaging (CPM), categorization based content screening (CBCS), global permissions management (GPM), services user profile management (ServUserProf), etc.) can be combined and augmented with additional capabilities to create a well integrated ecosystem for personalized services. A specific example of a new or enhanced service that can feed on this ecosystem is also explored, using another emerging OMA standard, OMA mobile advertising (MobAd). A thorough architectural description of most of the open mobile alliance (OMA) specifications referred to in this paper, and how they relate to each other can be found in the work of Brenner and Unmehopa (2008).
The CRISPR/Cas9 system produces specific and homozygous targeted gene editing in rice in one generation (2014)

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been demonstrated to efficiently induce targeted gene editing in a variety of organisms including plants. Recent work showed that CRISPR/Cas9-induced gene mutations in Arabidopsis were mostly somatic mutations in the early generation, although some mutations could be stably inherited in later generations. However, it remains unclear whether this system will work similarly in crops such as rice. In this study, we tested in two rice subspecies 11 target genes for their amenability to CRISPR/Cas9-induced editing and determined the patterns, specificity and heritability of the gene modifications. Analysis of the genotypes and frequency of edited genes in the first generation of transformed plants (T0) showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was highly efficient in rice, with target genes edited in nearly half of the transformed embryogenic cells before their first cell division. Homozygotes of edited target genes were readily found in T0 plants. The gene mutations were passed to the next generation (T1) following classic Mendelian law, without any detectable new mutation or reversion. Even with extensive searches including whole genome resequencing, we could not find any evidence of large-scale off-targeting in rice for any of the many targets tested in this study. By specifically sequencing the putative off-target sites of a large number of T0 plants, low-frequency mutations were found in only one off-target site where the sequence had 1-bp difference from the intended target. Overall, the data in this study point to the CRISPR/Cas9 system being a powerful tool in crop genome engineering.
A Convenient Protecting Group for Aldehydes (2001)

Aldehydes were cleanly and chemoselectively protected by treatment with tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane and imidazole. The resulting O-tert-butyldimethylsilylimidazolyl aminals were deblocked under mild conditions by employing 9 : 1 CH3CN-49% HF.
Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains differentially reduce intestinal inflammation (2010)

Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a probiotic that inhibits the severity of enteric infections and modulates the immune system. Human-derived L. reuteri strains DSM17938, ATCC PTA4659, ATCC PTA 5289, and ATCC PTA 6475 have demonstrated strain-specific immunomodulation in cultured monocytoid cells, but information about how these strains affect inflammation in intestinal epithelium is limited. We determined the effects of the four different L. reuteri strains on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in small intestinal epithelial cells and in the ileum of newborn rats. IPEC-J2 cells (derived from the jejunal epithelium of a neonatal piglet) and IEC-6 cells (derived from the rat crypt) were treated with L. reuteri. Newborn rat pups were gavaged cow milk formula supplemented with L. reuteri strains in the presence or absence of LPS. Protein and mRNA levels of cytokines and histological changes were measured. We demonstrate that even though one L. reuteri strain (DSM 17938) did not inhibit LPS-induced IL-8 production in cultured intestinal cells, all strains significantly reduced intestinal mucosal levels of KC/GRO (∼IL-8) and IFN-γ when newborn rat pups were fed formula containing LPS ± L. reuteri. Intestinal histological damage produced by LPS plus cow milk formula was also significantly reduced by all four strains. Cow milk formula feeding (without LPS) produced mild gut inflammation, evidenced by elevated mucosal IFN-γ and IL-13 levels, a process that could be suppressed by strain 17938. Other cytokines and chemokines were variably affected by the different strains, and there was no toxic effect of L. reuteri on intestinal cells or mucosa. In conclusion, L. reuteri strains differentially modulate LPS-induced inflammation. Probiotic interactions with both epithelial and nonepithelial cells in vivo must be instrumental in modulating intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine. We suggest that the terms anti- and proinflammatory be used only to describe the effects of a probiotic in the living host.
A Dual-Mode Wideband MIMO Cube Antenna With Magneto-Electric Dipoles (2014)

A four-port wideband diversity antenna capable of radiating two broadside patterns and two omnidirectional patterns is realized. This antenna is composed of five dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole elements mounted on the five faces of a grounded metallic cubic structure. By rotationally combining the four dual-polarized elements in a ring-configuration, θ-and φ-polarized waves can be excited, whereas x-and y-polarized orthogonal waves are excited by another radiating element mounted on the top of the whole metallic cube. The simulated common impedance bandwidth for these four modes is 38.7% with SWR from 1.77 GHz to 2.62 GHz, while the measured one is 39.1% with SWR from 1.73 GHz to 2.57 GHz. The mutual coupling between any two modes is lower than -30 dB which is low enough for practical usage. This antenna is suitable for wireless communication systems with a hemispherical coverage requirement.
The role of Src family kinases in cortical cataract formation. (2002)

The formation of cataract can involve activation of SFK-mediated pathway(s) leading to disorganization of developing lens fiber cells, and inhibiting these tyrosine kinases blocks cataract progression.
Electroactive and Photoactive Rod-Coil Copolymers: Design, Synthesis, and Supramolecular Regulation of Photophysical Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroactive and Photoactive Rod-Coil Copolymers: Design, Synthesis, and Supramolecular Regulation of Photophysical PropertiesJohn A. Osaheni and Samson A. JenekheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 28, 7389–7398Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00133a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00133a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Aerosol infection of rhesus macaques with Junin virus. (1992)

The purpose of our work was to determine if aerosols of Junin virus can infect rhesus macaques and if the disease is the same as that produced by virus inoculated parenterally. The 6 macaques exposed to the virus by aerosol became acutely ill during the 3rd week after exposure, and all died. Three died by day 21, while the remainder died after 1 month. Junin virus was found primarily in visceral organs of those animals dying before 21 days after infection and in the central nervous system tissues from animals dying later. Histological changes were similar to those reported in rhesus monkeys after parenteral Junin viral infection. Gastrointestinal necrosis, however, was less severe in aerosol-infected animals and the associated septicemia was not seen. High levels of alpha interferon were detected by the 3rd day in all infected macaques. Experimental Argentine hemorrhagic fever induced by aerosol infection in rhesus macaques was similar to that seen after parenteral challenge and mimicked closely the clinical syndrome observed in humans.
Assembling Large Genomes with Single-Molecule Sequencing and Locality Sensitive Hashing (2014)

ABSTRACT We report reference-grade de novo assemblies of four model organisms and the human genome from single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Long-read SMRT sequencing is routinely used to finish microbial genomes, but the available assembly methods have not scaled well to larger genomes. Here we introduce the MinHash Alignment Process (MHAP) for efficient overlapping of noisy, long reads using probabilistic, locality-sensitive hashing. Together with Celera Assembler, MHAP was used to reconstruct the genomes of Escherichia coli , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Arabidopsis thaliana , Drosophila melanogaster , and human from high-coverage SMRT sequencing. The resulting assemblies include fully resolved chromosome arms and close persistent gaps in these important reference genomes, including heterochromatic and telomeric transition sequences. For D. melanogaster , MHAP achieved a 600-fold speedup relative to prior methods and a cloud computing cost of a few hundred dollars. These results demonstrate that single-molecule sequencing alone can produce near-complete eukaryotic genomes at modest cost.
Condensin mutations and abnormal chromosomal structures in pyothorax‐associated lymphoma (2007)

Transfer of genetic information during mitosis is accurately conducted by proper condensation and segregation of chromosomes, for which condensins play a central role. Both condensin I and II have common structural maintenance of chromosomes subunits, named hCAP-C and hCAP-E. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. Mutations of hCAP-C and hCAP-E were investigated in 24 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines including eight PAL cell lines, and their influences in chromosome morphology were evaluated. Heterozygous point mutations within hCAP-C were found in two PAL cell lines and corresponding tumor samples (OPL-3 and OPL-7). Deletion of exon 24 within hCAP-E and a point mutation at the donor splice site of intron 24 were detected in OPL-5 and original tumor samples. OPL-5 showed an extensive reduction in expression of not only hCAP-E but also hCAP-C proteins. OPL-5 occasionally showed the chromosome bridge in anaphase and telophase, indicating that segregation is not accurate. OPL-7 showed reduced hCAP-C protein expression, abnormality in chromosome length and width, and abnormal aggregates of hCAP-C protein. These findings indicated that condensin gene alteration might play a role in genome instability, which accelerates the accumulation of other gene alterations in PAL.
Contribution of a single hydroxyl group to transition-state discrimination by adenosine deaminase: evidence for an "entropy trap" mechanism (1989)

Adenosine deaminase was found to bind 6-hydroxy-1,6-dihydropurine ribonucleoside (II), formed by reversible addition of water to purine ribonucleoside (I) in a reaction analogous to formation of a tetrahedral intermediate in substrate deamination, with an apparent Ki value of 3 x 10(-13) M at 20 degrees C. 1,6-Dihydropurine ribonucleoside (IV), synthesized by photolysis of purine ribonucleoside in the presence of NaBH4, exhibited a Ki value of 5.4 x 10-6 M. After correction for differences between the relative free energies of solvation of II and IV, the 6-hydroxyl group of II was estimated to contribute more than 16 kcal to the free energy of binding, approaching the enthalapy of formation of a single hydrogen bond to charged group in the vapor phase. The relatively weak binding of IV and of substrate water suggests that entropic effects, arising from the cooperative action of binding determinants contained within these separate molecules, contribute more than 10 kcal/mol to the free energy of binding of II in which these binding determinants are contained within a single molecule. In free solution, the entropy of reversible hydration of I was evaluated by measuring the temperature dependence of equilibria of protonation of I and of pseudobase formation from I-methylpurinium ribonucleoside as -35 eu, comparable with the entropy of activation for the uncatalyzed hydrolysis of adenosine. In the active site of adenosine deaminase, this thermodynamic obstacle is evidently climbed spontaneously as a result of attractive interactions between the active site and the critical hydroxyl group at the 6-position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating the Lower-Body Electromyogram Signal Acquired From the Feet As a Noise Reference for Standing Ballistocardiogram Measurements (2010)

The ballistocardiogram (BCG) is a measure of the reaction force of the body to cardiac ejection of blood. A variety of systems can be used for BCG detection, including beds, tables, chairs, and weighing scales. Weighing scales, in particular, have several practical advantages over the alternatives: low cost, small size, unobtrusiveness, and familiarity to the user; one disadvantage is that the subject must stand during the recording, rather than sit or lay supine, resulting in a higher susceptibility to motion artifacts in the measured signal. This paper evaluates the electromyogram (EMG) signal acquired from the feet of the subject during BCG recording as a noise reference for standing BCG measurements. As a subject moves while standing on the scale, muscle contractions in the feet are detected by the EMG signal, and used to flag segments of the BCG signal that are corrupted by elevated noise. For the purposes of evaluating this method, estimates of the BCG noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) were independently calculated with an ensemble average method, using the R-wave of a simultaneously-acquired chest ECG as a timing reference. The linear correlation between EMG power alone and BCG NSR from 14 subjects was found to be moderate ( r = 0.58, F-statistic p -value 0.05); combined with body-mass index (BMI), multiple linear regression yielded a stronger correlation ( r = 0.73, F -statistic p-value = 0.01). Additionally, an example usage of the lower-leg EMG for improving BCG measurement robustness is provided.
The "Stealth" Liposome: A Prototypical Biomaterial (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe "Stealth" Liposome: A Prototypical BiomaterialDanilo D. Lasic and David NeedhamCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 8, 2601–2628Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00040a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00040a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2334Altmetric-Citations356LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction of media noise in thin film metal media by lamination (1990)

The properties of laminated films of longitudinal Co-alloy media have been investigated. Significant reductions in the media noise are observed compared with single-layer films of the same total thickness, while the signal amplitude is unaffected. There are at least two reasons for this improved performance. Thin media layers exhibit inherently better signal-to-media-noise ratios, which are retained when several thin films are separated by nonmagnetic interlayers. A laminated media structure also offers a media-noise advantage since noise sources in the individual magnetic layers can be independent of one another. It is concluded that lamination can be used to improve the noise performance of metal-film media by simply repeating known process steps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Osprey Preform Process (1985)

Description de l'etat actuel du developpement du procede Osprey de production d'ebauches, procede permettant d'obtenir, directement a partir du bain, des ebauches denses par projection et depot. Preparation d'un certain nombre d'alliages, comprenant des superalliages a base de Ni, ayant des proprietes mecaniques aussi bonnes que celles des alliages obtenus par des techniques plus classiques
Use of a chimeric monoclonal anti‐CD4 antibody in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (1993)

Treatment of refractory RA with cM-T412 appears to be safe and is associated with sustained decreases in circulating CD4+ T cell counts and depressed in vitro T cell responses. No significant human antichimeric antibody response was detected. Nonblinded assessment of clinical end points suggests that treatment with cM-T412 may have beneficial effects in these patients with refractory RA. A double-blind clinical trial is warranted to determine its clinical efficacy in treating RA.