gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Chelators for Therapeutic Lanthanide Radiopharmaceuticals (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Bifunctional Chelators for Therapeutic Lanthanide RadiopharmaceuticalsShuang Liu and D. Scott EdwardsView Author Information Medical Imaging Division, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862Cite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2001, 12, 1, 7–34Publication Date (Web):December 28, 2000Publication History Received21 June 2000Published online28 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc000070vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bc000070vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3402Altmetric-Citations312LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Mechanisms of action,Metals,Molecular structure,Nuclear medicine,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Formal Theory of Creativity, Fun, and Intrinsic Motivation (1990–2010) (2010)

The simple, but general formal theory of fun and intrinsic motivation and creativity (1990-2010) is based on the concept of maximizing intrinsic reward for the active creation or discovery of novel, surprising patterns allowing for improved prediction or data compression. It generalizes the traditional field of active learning, and is related to old, but less formal ideas in aesthetics theory and developmental psychology. It has been argued that the theory explains many essential aspects of intelligence including autonomous development, science, art, music, and humor. This overview first describes theoretically optimal (but not necessarily practical) ways of implementing the basic computational principles on exploratory, intrinsically motivated agents or robots, encouraging them to provoke event sequences exhibiting previously unknown, but learnable algorithmic regularities. Emphasis is put on the importance of limited computational resources for online prediction and compression. Discrete and continuous time formulations are given. Previous practical, but nonoptimal implementations (1991, 1995, and 1997-2002) are reviewed, as well as several recent variants by others (2005-2010). A simplified typology addresses current confusion concerning the precise nature of intrinsic motivation.
Low level in vivo gene transfer into the arterial wall through a perforated balloon catheter. (1992)

Although in vivo gene transfer through an infusion balloon catheter can be accomplished within 1 minute, the therapeutic use of this protocol is limited by the small number of cells that are transduced.
McCune-Albright Syndrome and Disorders Due to Activating Mutations of GNAS1 (2007)

It has been more than seven decades since Drs. Fuller Albright and Donovan McCune published the first reports on individuals with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). Since then, the classic triad of precocious puberty, café-aulait spots, and polyostotic bone dysplasia continues to define the syndrome. However, having gathered a better picture of the pathophysiology of MAS, the way this condition is understood has changed. Isolated activating mutations of the alpha subunit of the G protein (GNAS1) have been found in different tissues, including pituitary adenomas, thyroid adenomas, ovarian cysts, monostotic bone dysplasia, and the adrenal glands, to name a few. For this reason, we have added 'and disorders due to activating mutations of GNAS1' to the title of this review. We discuss here the clinical consequences of GNAS1 activating mutations in different body systems and organs, the diagnostic approach to MAS, and the current therapeutic recommendations.
Effect of Resistant Starch on Microbial Content of the Intestinal Tract (2010)

Resistant starch (RS) increases beneficial gastro-intestinal bacterial populations simultaneously increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate. Butyrate acts as energy source for epithelial cells of colonic mucosa which stimulates intestinal cell proliferation and has been implicated as important in reducing obesity, diabetes and cancer. The Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Clostridium cluster IV and Clostridium cluster XIV are mainly involved in the production of butyrate by fermenting RS in the large intestine. With age there is a decline in these gut bacteria, but in the present study RS and diet restriction both enhanced the bacteria involved in butyrate production. In addition, RS reduces body fat in some types of obesity but not all. For example, RS reduced body fat in an endocrine model of obesity caused by ovariectomy (OV). In this study RS significantly increase bacterial populations involve in butyrate production. However, in high fat diet induced obesity the results were different. The high fat diet (41% dietary energy) prevented fermentation of RS and reduced bacterial populations in the ceca compared to a low fat diet (18% dietary energy). The RS failed to reduce obesity in these rodents fed a high fat diet while increasing Bacteroides group population. To follow up these studies and determine if type of fat was important in directly altering gut fermentation, an in-vitro fermentation model of rat large intestine was used. Both Corn oil and Lard reduced bacterial populations which are involved in fermentation of RS. However, if the fat used was fish oil there were no negative effects on the fermentation of RS or the bacterial population. These studies illustrate the need to control the type of fat when studying the effects of prebiotics or other sources of resistant starch. With the age Bifidobacterium spp, Bacteroides spp, Clostridium cluster IV and Clostridium cluster XIV decreased both calorie restricted diet and RS diets were able to improve these bacterial populations.
B cell stimulatory factor-1 enhances the IgE response of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells. (1986)

Supernatants from some mouse helper T cell (TH) lines contain an activity that can enhance IgE production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cells by at least two orders of magnitude. During purification, this activity could not be resolved from B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). Highly purified BSF-1 from a different source, the T lymphoma cell line EL-4, enhanced IgE production to the same extent as TH supernatants, which suggests that BSF-1 is responsible for this increase in IgE production. Monoclonal antibody to BSF-1 totally inhibits the IgE-enhancing activity of a TH supernatant, lending further support to this conclusion. The effects of BSF-1 on LPS-stimulated B cells are specific for IgE and, as previously reported, IgG1 and IgG3, because the levels of IgM, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in the cultures change relatively little when BSF-1 is added.
Wavelength variation of laser emission along the entire rim of slightly deformed microdroplets (1993)

The frequencies of the normal azimuthal modes of a slightly deformed droplet that is axisymmetric about its flow direction are no longer degenerate but vary with position along the droplet rim. We measured the wavelength variation along the entire rim of a dye-lasing droplet with a spectrograph and a CCD array. We determined the amplitude and the shape of the droplet deformation from the observed and predicted parabolic dependence of wavelength variation with distance along the spectrograph slit.
Differentiation induced byAchyrocline satureioides(Lam) infusion in PC12 cells (2009)

Epidemiological studies have shown that flavonoid-rich plants induce beneficial health effects that are likely beyond their potent antioxidant capacity. Thus, the mechanisms by which Achyrocline satureioides (AS), a popular South American medicinal plant, protects cells and neurons in culture, are still unclear. In this sense, a recently described trophic capacity for flavonoids, similar to that evoked by growth factors, could be one of the mechanisms involved in AS cellular protection. Since this trophic activity causes differentiation of PC12 cells, the cell differentiation capacity of AS and some of its flavonoids were evaluated. PC12 cells were treated with AS infusion (10 or 20 microg/mL of total polyphenols), quercetin (Q) (12.5 or 25 microm), luteolin (L) (25 microm), Q + L (12.5 microm each one) or nerve growth factor (NGF) for 3 days. Four morphological parameters (percentage of cells with neurites longer than one cell body diameter, percentage of cells with neurites, average number of neurites per cell and percentage of fusiform cells) were explored. The AS infusion showed differentiation capacity on all parameters with similar potency when compared with NGF. Besides, AS was more potent than some of its constituent flavonoids: Q, L or their combination.
The Reaction Mechanism of 2-Dimethoxymethyl-3-methoxypropionitrile with Acetamidine. I. A Revised Structure of the Intermediate (1972)

Abstract The reaction of 2-dimethoxymethyl-3-methoxypropionitrile (1) with acetamidine yields 2,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine (6) via an intermediate, λmaxMeOH 262 mμ. This intermediate has been identified as 2-acetamidinomethylene-3-methoxypropionitrile (5) without being isolated. However, this assignment seems to be somewhat inconsistent with the stabilities of an acetal group in basic media and with the UV spectra of compounds with structures similar to 5. The reaction of 1 with sodium methoxide gave a dimeric compound (8). This result suggests the formation of 2-dimethoxymethylacrylonitrile (2) in the initial stage of the reaction of 1 with acetamidine. The reaction of acrylonitrlie with acetamidine yielded 2-methyl-4-amino-5,6-dihydropyrimidine (23), whose UV spectrum in methanol showed its absorption maximum at 270 mμ in neutral media and at 258 mμ in basic media. Therefore, the structure of the intermediate may be concluded to be 2-methyl-4-amino-5-dimethoxymethyl-5,6-dihydropyrimidine (27) instead of 5, and the reaction may be concluded to proceed via the pathway of 1→2→27→6.
Rolling circle amplification: a versatile tool for chemical biology, materials science and medicine (2014)

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal enzymatic process where a short DNA or RNA primer is amplified to form a long single stranded DNA or RNA using a circular DNA template and special DNA or RNA polymerases. The RCA product is a concatemer containing tens to hundreds of tandem repeats that are complementary to the circular template. The power, simplicity, and versatility of the DNA amplification technique have made it an attractive tool for biomedical research and nanobiotechnology. Traditionally, RCA has been used to develop sensitive diagnostic methods for a variety of targets including nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), small molecules, proteins, and cells. RCA has also attracted significant attention in the field of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. The RCA-produced long, single-stranded DNA with repeating units has been used as template for the periodic assembly of nanospecies. Moreover, since RCA products can be tailor-designed by manipulating the circular template, RCA has been employed to generate complex DNA nanostructures such as DNA origami, nanotubes, nanoribbons and DNA based metamaterials. These functional RCA based nanotechnologies have been utilized for biodetection, drug delivery, designing bioelectronic circuits and bioseparation. In this review, we introduce the fundamental engineering principles used to design RCA nanotechnologies, discuss recently developed RCA-based diagnostics and bioanalytical tools, and summarize the use of RCA to construct multivalent molecular scaffolds and nanostructures for applications in biology, diagnostics and therapeutics.
Digital artifacts for remembering and storytelling: posthistory and social network fragments (2004)

As part of a long-term investigation into visualizing email, we have created two visualizations of email archives. One highlights social networks while the other depicts the temporal rhythms of interactions with individuals. While interviewing users of these systems, it became clear that the applications triggered recall of many personal events. One of the most striking and not entirely expected outcomes was that the visualizations motivated retelling stories from the users' pasts to others. In this paper, we discuss the motivation and design of these projects and analyze their use as catalysts for personal narrative and recall.
Light field video camera (2001)

We present the Light Field Video Camera, an array of CMOS image sensors for video image based rendering applications. The device is designed to record a synchronized video dataset from over one hundred cameras to a hard disk array using as few as one PC per fifty image sensors. It is intended to be flexible, modular and scalable, with much visibility and control over the cameras. The Light Field Video Camera is a modular embedded design based on the IEEE1394 High Speed Serial Bus, with an image sensor and MPEG2 compression at each node. We show both the flexibility and scalability of the design with a six camera prototype.
Inhibition of protein kinase C zeta subspecies blocks the activation of an NF-kappa B-like activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1993)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) plays a critical role in the regulation of a large variety of cellular genes. However, the mechanism whereby this nuclear factor is activated remains to be determined. In this report, we present evidence that in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, (i) ras p21- and phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis activates NF-kappa B and (ii) protein kinase C zeta subspecies is involved in the activation of NF-kappa B in response to insulin/ras p21/PC-PLC. Thus, the microinjection of either ras p21 or PC-PLC, or the exposure of oocytes to insulin, promotes a significant translocation to the nucleus of an NF-kappa B-like activity. This effect is not observed when oocytes are incubated with phorbol myristate acetate or progesterone, both of which utilize a ras p21-independent pathway for oocyte activation. These data strongly suggest a critical role of the insulin/ras p21/PC-PLC/protein kinase C zeta pathway in the control of NF-kappa B activation.
[Relationships between stress perception and stress biomarkers in family caregivers]. (2011)

This study found certain stress biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) associated with specific PWDs' neuropsychological symptoms (p < .05). Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify causal relationships between subjective distress and objective stress biomarkers to evaluate FCG stress levels more comprehensively.
Cellular senescence is an important mechanism of tumor regression upon c-Myc inactivation (2007)

Oncogene-induced senescence is an important mechanism by which normal cells are restrained from malignant transformation. Here we report that the suppression of the c-Myc (MYC) oncogene induces cellular senescence in diverse tumor types including lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. MYC inactivation was associated with prototypical markers of senescence, including acidic beta-gal staining, induction of p16INK4a, and p15INK4b expression. Moreover, MYC inactivation induced global changes in chromatin structure associated with the marked reduction of histone H4 acetylation and increased histone H3 K9 methylation. Osteosarcomas engineered to be deficient in p16INK4a or Rb exhibited impaired senescence and failed to exhibit sustained tumor regression upon MYC inactivation. Similarly, only after lymphomas were repaired for p53 expression did MYC inactivation induce robust senescence and sustained tumor regression. The pharmacologic inhibition of signaling pathways implicated in oncogene-induced senescence including ATM/ATR and MAPK did not prevent senescence associated with MYC inactivation. Our results suggest that cellular senescence programs remain latently functional, even in established tumors, and can become reactivated, serving as a critical mechanism of oncogene addiction associated with MYC inactivation.
Dissipation of energy in the locally isotropic turbulence (1991)

Abstract In my note (Kolmogorov 1941a) I defined the notion of local isotropy and introduced the quantities Bdd(r)=[ud(M′)−ud(M)]2,¯[un(M′)−un(M)¯]2, where r denotes the distance between the points M and M', ud(M) and ud(M') are the velocity components in the direction MM'¯¯ at the points Mand M', and un(M) and un(M') are the velocity components at the points M andM' in some direction, perpendicular to MM'.
Detection of ribosomal DNA sites in lentil and chickpea by fluorescent in situ hybridization (1994)

Hybridization sites of an rDNA probe coding for the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S genes were detected on lentil and chickpea somatic chromosomes using fluorescent in situ hybridization. One pair of hybridization sites was detected in cultivated lentil Lens culinaris L. and wild lentil L. orientalis (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz., and in both the hybridization sites of the ribosomal probe correspond to the secondary constriction. In cultivated chickpea Cicer arietinum three pairs of rDNA sites were detected and in the wild C. reticulatum two pairs were detected. The karyotypic relationship between the cultivated C. arietinum and its wild progenitor C. reticulatum is discussed.
Attenuation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encephalitis through MicroRNA Targeting (2009)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has long been regarded as a promising recombinant vaccine platform and oncolytic agent but has not yet been tested in humans because it causes encephalomyelitis in rodents and primates. Recent studies have shown that specific tropisms of several viruses could be eliminated by engineering microRNA target sequences into their genomes, thereby inhibiting spread in tissues expressing cognate microRNAs. We therefore sought to determine whether microRNA targets could be engineered into VSV to ameliorate its neuropathogenicity. Using a panel of recombinant VSVs incorporating microRNA target sequences corresponding to neuron-specific or control microRNAs (in forward and reverse orientations), we tested viral replication kinetics in cell lines treated with microRNA mimics, neurotoxicity after direct intracerebral inoculation in mice, and antitumor efficacy. Compared to picornaviruses and adenoviruses, the engineered VSVs were relatively resistant to microRNA-mediated inhibition, but neurotoxicity could nevertheless be ameliorated significantly using this approach, without compromise to antitumor efficacy. Neurotoxicity was most profoundly reduced in a virus carrying four tandem copies of a neuronal mir125 target sequence inserted in the 3'-untranslated region of the viral polymerase (L) gene.
Annealing of ion-implanted silicon by an incoherent light pulse (1978)

Annealing of boron-implanted silicon by a single 15-μsec pulse from a flash lamp has been observed. The required energy density was 27 J/cm2 incident on the silicon. Electrical activity of boron was comparable to that in thermally annealed samples.
WHIM syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder: Clinical, hematological, and molecular studies (2000)

The acronym WHIM refers to Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis. The latter refers to the retention of white cells in the marrow, which becomes hypercellular. We have found approximately 20 examples of WHIM syndrome in the literature under various designations; the first examples are Zuelzer [1964] and Krill et al. [1964]. Chronic noncyclic neutropenia and hypercellular bone marrow represent defective release of marrow cells into the peripheral stream (myelokathexis). The hypermature neutrophils are bizarre in form. Condensed nuclei connected by long, stringy filaments and vacuolated cytoplasm suggest apoptosis. Fever or other stress increases the release of neutrophils. Hypogammaglobulinemia is marked and associated with recurrent upper respiratory infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia). Patients have numerous warts, some venereal, with resultant cervical and vulval premalignant dysplasia. We report on a kindred of 6 affected individuals in 3 generations with autosomal dominant WHIM syndrome. The sex ratio among reported patients and in our kindred is 17 female to 8 male. Because there had been no male-to-male transmssion, search of the entire X-chromosome including the pseudoautosomal area was carried out and no linkage was found. Recently, the propositus has had an unaffected daughter, confirming our finding that the gene is not X-linked. A genome-wide search is being carried out.
Isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNA clones that encode rat UDP‐galactose: Ceramide galactosyltransferase (1994)

UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) (EC. 2.4.1.62) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of galactocerebroside (GalC), a glycosphingolipid found in high amounts in the myelin sheath. Here, the isolation of rat CGT specific cDNA clones is reported. The CGT sequence contains an open reading frame of 1,623 bp which predicts a protein of M(r) 61,126 Da. In transfection experiments the cDNA was found to confer CGT activity to Chinese hamster ovary cells. In rat brain the developmental expression pattern of CGT mRNA was similar to the myelination profile, whereas the sciatic nerve contained high amounts of CGT message over a long developmental period. CGT mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was found to drop substantially following nerve injury and recover slowly when compared to the expression of mRNAs specific for the predominant myelin-specific proteins. The absolute amounts of CGT message in sciatic nerve and brain were found to be comparable to those that encode the structural proteins of myelin. Except for low amounts in the kidney, the CGT mRNA was not detected in other tissues examined. Southern blot analysis revealed that the CGT protein is likely encoded by a single, relatively large gene.
COMBINED INTERLEAVING AND COMPANDING FOR PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS (2009)

Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the serious problems in any wireless communication systems using multicarrier modulation technique as OFDM, which reduces the efficiency of transmit high power amplifier. In this paper, proposed scheme will be introduced, which combines interleaving technique and companding technique to reduce PAPR. This scheme will be compared with the system that uses other technique for reduction which is the clipping technique. By using proposed scheme, the PAPRof OFDM signal can be reduced by 6.8 dB over the original system, i.e., without PAPR reduction. Also, SNRdecreases by more than 5 dB for Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10 −3 over the original system. Moreover, the proposed scheme gives improvement more than 4.5 dB for BERof 10 −3 over the system that uses clipping. All these systems will be evaluated in the presence of nonlinear power amplifier.