gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor Inducibility Is Acquired Immediately after Translation and Does Not Require Glycosylation (1989)

Antibodies to phosphotyrosine were used in immunoprecipitation experiments to determine if post-translational modification of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor was required for the acquisition of ligand-induced tyrosine kinase activity. In intact Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, only the fully processed 180-kDa receptor was activated (tyrosine-phosphorylated) by PDGF. In a cell-free assay, however, the tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of the 160- and 145-kDa PDGF receptor precursors were also detected. These activated precursors were immunoprecipitated after brief (5-15 min) metabolic labeling periods. Thus the receptor could bind PDGF and induce tyrosine kinase activity shortly after translation. Unlike the mature form of the receptor, the 160-kDa receptor precursor was resistant to digestion with endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and thus did not contain O-linked oligosaccharides. Since this receptor precursor was activated by PDGF in the cell-free assay, the addition of O-linked sugars must not be necessary for ligand binding activity. Incubation of cells with tunicamycin completely inhibited N-linked glycosylation of the PDGF receptor. Nevertheless, PDGF still induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the 130-kDa aglycoreceptor in lysates of tunicamycin-treated cells. Thus, the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides was also not required for receptor activation. These findings show that the PDGF receptor acquired the ability to be activated by ligand cotranslationally or immediately after translation and that the addition of N- or O-linked oligosaccharides was not required for ligand binding and tyrosine kinase activities.
Three-dimensional spiral tracking control for gliding robotic fish (2014)

Three-dimensional curve tracking is an important and challenging research topic for autonomous underwater vehicles and robots. In this paper we consider the tracking control of gliding robotic fish, a new type of energy-efficient and highly maneuverable robots representing a hybrid of underwater gliders and robotic fish; in particular, buoyancy-driven gliding with a deflected tail results in efficient spiral maneuvers. We propose to decompose a space curve into continuously evolving spirals from the viewpoint of differential geometry, and then utilize the spiral trajectory characteristics for three-dimensional curve tracking. Due to the nonlinear dynamics and strong coupling among multiple control inputs, the design of controller is highly demanding. A novel two degree-of-freedom (DOF) tracking control strategy is proposed, which consists of a feedforward inverse controller and a robust H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller designed based on linearized dynamics. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-DOF control scheme, in comparison with a PI controller and a pure feedforward inverse controller.
Bacterial Printing Press that Regenerates Its Ink:  Contact-Printing Bacteria Using Hydrogel Stamps (2005)

This paper describes the use of micropatterned agarose stamps prepared by molding against PDMS masters to print patterns of bacteria on agar plates. Topographically patterned agarose stamps were inked with suspensions of bacteria; these stamps generated patterns of bacteria with features as small as 200 microm over areas as large as 50 cm2. Stamps with many small features (>200 microm) were used to study patterns of bacteria growing on media containing gradients of small molecules; stamps with larger features (>750 microm) were used to print different strains of bacteria simultaneously. The stamp transfers only a small percentage of cells that are on its surface to the agar at a time; it is thus possible to replica-pattern hundreds of times with a single inking. The use of soft stamps provides other useful functions. Stamps are easily customized to provide a range of patterns. When culture media is included in the agarose stamp, cells divide and thrive on the surface. The resulting "living stamp" regenerates its "ink" and can be used to pattern surfaces repetitively for a month. This method is rapid, reproducible, convenient, and can be used to control the pattern, spacing, and orientation between colonies of different bacteria.
INTRATHECAL (IT) ACEA-1021 ATTENUATES MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA IN A RAT MODEL OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN (1998)

ANESTHESIOLOGY is the highest-impact, peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes trusted evidence that transforms the practice of perioperative, critical care, and pain medicine along with clinical reviews, editorials, podcasts, infographics, and videos.
SYNTHESIS OF N-(HALOGENATED) BENZYL ANALOGS OF SUPERPOTENT SEROTONIN LIGANDS (2014)

In the last four years a group of extremely potent designer drugs, the N-benzylated phenylethylamines known as the NBOMe series, has surfaced on the street and in the news media. Although data documenting their high affinity and preference for 5-HT 2 serotonin receptors abound (5-HT 2A receptor activation is generally associated with the action of the "classical" hallucinogens), relatively little is known about the molecular basis of their potency and selectivity. In the setting of a project aiming to evaluate the possible involvement of halogen bonds in the binding of monoaminergic ligands to their receptors, we have begun to synthesize halogenated derivatives of known N-benzylated compounds for their pharmacological study. Here we report the synthesis of new phenylethylamine and tryptamine derivatives incorporating bromine atoms in their N-benzyl moiety.
A review of Iliad and Quick Medical Reference for primary care providers. Two diagnostic computer programs (1993)

Two diagnostic computer programs, Iliad (Applied Informatics Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) and Quick Medical Reference (Camdat Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa), are commercially available. Both describe a large subset of internal medicine diseases. These programs, also called knowledge bases, have different structures and diagnostic methods and emphasize somewhat different experimental observations regarding problem solving and expert diagnostic behavior. Quick Medical Reference has more diverse reference features and emphasizes diagnostic competitors (diseases that explain similar features in a case). Iliad has better developed teaching features and emphasizes a probabilistic approach. The histories and methods of these programs place various constraints on their diagnostic capabilities, especially from a primary care perspective. Although neither program is currently likely to fill the role of an expert diagnostic consultant for a family practitioner, both have potential as unique reference and teaching tools in primary care.
Reduction of beta-catenin/T-cell transcription factor signaling by aspirin and indomethacin is caused by an increased stabilization of phosphorylated beta-catenin. (2003)

Constitutive activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is thought to play a central role in colorectal carcinogenesis. A key output in this pathway is the nuclear level of beta-catenin, which determines the transcription of T-cell transcription factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-responsive target genes. In unstimulated cells, beta-catenin is continuously targeted for ubiquitin-dependent degradation, which depends on its NH(2)-terminal phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) in association with a multiprotein complex. Previously, we have shown that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and indomethacin down-regulate beta-catenin/TCF signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that the reduced signaling activity of beta-catenin in response to NSAIDs is a result of its enhanced phosphorylation. In SW948 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells, phosphorylation of NH(2)-terminal S/T residues time dependently increased in response to aspirin and indomethacin. In contrast, in 293 cells, NSAID treatment failed to induce detectable levels of beta-catenin phosphorylation but resulted in degradation of beta-catenin within 24 h in serum-deprived cells. The aspirin-induced beta-catenin phosphorylation in colon cancer cells preceded down-regulation of beta-catenin/TCF signaling, suggesting a causal relationship. Inhibition of this process by LiCl pointed to participation of GSK-3beta. Unexpectedly, GSK-3beta was also phosphorylated upon aspirin treatment in six colorectal cancer cell lines. We present evidence that inactivation of a phosphatase rather than stimulation of a kinase or interference with the ubiquitination machinery may be the cause of the stabilized phosphorylation. The data emphasize the importance of beta-catenin in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and define it as a key target for anticancer therapeutics.
Reduction of joint inflammation and bone erosion in rat adjuvant arthritis by treatment with interleukin‐17 receptor IgG1 Fc fusion protein (2002)

In vivo blockade of IL-17 by muIL-17R:Fc treatment attenuated AIA and reduced joint damage, suggesting that IL-17 plays an important role in the inflammation and joint destruction of AIA. IL-17 may be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases in humans, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Production of Resveratrol in Recombinant Microorganisms (2006)

Resveratrol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was compared to that in Escherichia coli. In both systems, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase from tobacco and stilbene synthase from grapes were expressed. When p-coumaric acid was used as the precursor, resveratrol accumulations in the culture medium were observed to be comparable in E. coli (16 mg/liter) and yeast (6 mg/liter).
Synthesis of pyrrolopyridines (azaindoles) (1992)

Abstract Improved, convenient, and reliable routes for the synthesis of 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐azaindole, 7‐methyl‐4‐azaindole, 7‐methyl‐6‐azaindole, and the hitherto unreported 7‐amino‐4‐azaindole are described. The syntheses have been accomplished either by significant modifications to established procedures or by new methods which afford the compounds in improved yields.
Analysis of Epstein—Barr virus in localized nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumors (1993)

Examination of localized NPC tumors by the PCR genotyping assay revealed EBV was present on the tumor side of the nasopharynx in greater quantities than the "normal" side in seven of eight patients studied. Concurrent infection with both the prototype F and f variant was observed in two of the eight patients investigated.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (2005)

Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a new class of anticoagulants that bind directly to thrombin and block its interaction with its substrates. Four parenteral DTIs have been approved by the FDA — hirudin and argatroban for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, bivalirudin as an alternative to heparin in percutaneous coronary intervention, and desirudin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in hip replacement. This article discusses the clinical data on this important new class of medications.
Therapeutic Options for the Management of Postprandial Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin (2015)

In Brief For patients with type 2 diabetes who require add-on therapy to metformin plus basal insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a favorable option because they effectively manage postprandial glucose, reduce body weight, and have an overall favorable safety profile compared to other agents. Given the wide range of treatment combinations available for type 2 diabetes management, health professionals must partner with patients to determine the best choices based on patients' individual lifestyle, resources, and treatment goals.
Thyroid Incidentalomas: Management Approaches to Nonpalpable Nodules Discovered Incidentally on Thyroid Imaging (1997)

High-resolution ultrasonography is sensitive and capable of detecting many small, nonpalpable thyroid nodules. Most of these lesions are benign. For most patients with nonpalpable nodules that are incidentally detected by thyroid imaging, simple follow-up neck palpation is sufficient.
Circulating transcriptome reveals markers of atherosclerosis (2005)

Circulating monocytes mediate inflammation in atherosclerosis and may serve as easily accessible reporters of disease. To search for markers of atherosclerosis, we compared the in vivo transcriptomes of monocytes purified from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and normal subjects by using the serial analysis of gene expression technique. We selected a subset of differentially expressed monocyte-specific genes and confirmed their expression levels. The Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins osteosarcoma (FOS) gene was significantly increased in patients, and the highest levels of FOS associated with patients who had previously undergone coronary revascularization. The correlation between coronary revascularization and FOS was higher than that compared with the cardiac risk marker high sensitivity C-reactive protein. In vitro inhibition of FOS using small interfering RNA and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin (statin) affected monocyte activation and suggested an important role in pathogenesis. Given the prominent role of FOS in inflammation and calcification, its association with atherosclerosis severity has clear pathophysiologic bases as well as clinical implications as a marker. Our results suggest that analysis of gene expression in circulating cells may provide biological and clinical insights into human atherosclerosis, and that this type of approach may be applicable for studying other types of diseases.
Combination sulfasalazine and methotrexate in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. (1996)

I wished to review the pharmacology and current clinical experience with the combination of methotrexate and sulfasalazine as a management for rheumatoid arthritis. To date, no double blind randomized placebo controlled studies have been reported, though such studies are under way. Published experience is in excess of 100 patients and for as long as 8 years of followup. To date, the combination would appear to be well tolerated, with comparable toxicities to the individual agents taken as monotherapy. Withdrawal flare reports support a positive clinical effect of this combination. The results of ongoing controlled trials are awaited with interest.
Disease fingerprinting with cDNA microarrays reveals distinct gene expression profiles in lethal type‐1 and type‐2 cytokine‐mediated inflammatory reactions (2001)

Development of polarized immune responses controls resistance and susceptibility to many microorganisms. However, studies of several infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases have shown that chronic type-1 and type-2 cytokine responses can also cause significant morbidity and mortality if left unchecked. We used mouse cDNA microarrays to molecularly phenotype the gene expression patterns that characterize two disparate but equally lethal forms of liver pathology that develop in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice polarized for type-1 and type-2 cytokine responses. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified at least three groups of genes associated with a polarized type-2 response and two linked with an extreme type-1 cytokine phenotype. Predictions about liver fibrosis, apoptosis, and granulocyte recruitment and activation generated by the microarray studies were confirmed later by traditional biological assays. The data show that cDNA microarrays are useful not only for determining coordinated gene expression profiles but are also highly effective for molecularly "fingerprinting" diseased tissues. Moreover, they illustrate the potential of genome-wide approaches for generating comprehensive views on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms regulating infectious disease pathogenesis.
Quantum capacitance and density of states of graphene (2012)

We report capacitance measurements in top-gated graphene sheets as a function of charge carrier density. A measurement method using an LC-circuit provides high sensitivity to small capacitance changes and hence allows the observation of the quantum part of the capacitance. The extracted density of states has a finite value of 1×1017 m− 2 eV−1 in the vicinity of the Dirac point, which is in contrast to the theoretical prediction for ideal graphene. We attribute this discrepancy to fluctuations of the electrostatic potential with a typical amplitude of 100 meV in our device.
MDFT filter banks with perfect reconstruction (2002)

The Modified DFT (MDFT) polyphase filter bank has been introduced. It has been shown that this filter bank is able to cancel adjacent channel alias spectra resulting in almost perfect reconstruction. Compared to cosine modulated filter banks, the MDFT filter bank offers advantages such as linear phase analysis and synthesis filters, complex valued signal processing with a different mapping into the subbands and low propagation delays. In this paper, it is shown that the MDFT filter bank structure provides a cancellation of all odd alias spectra. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that even perfect reconstruction can be obtained by an appropriate filter design.
Estrogen and Cognitive Functioning in Women (2003)

Research in basic neuroscience has provided biological plausibility for the hypothesis that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) would protect against cognitive aging in healthy women. The weight of the evidence from randomized controlled trials of estrogen and cognition in women shows that this hormone preferentially protects verbal memory in postmenopausal women, whereas findings from observational studies are less consistent and show a more diffuse effect of estrogen on a range of cognitive functions. There is fairly consistent evidence from epidemiological studies that ERT significantly reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women. On the other hand, findings from controlled treatment trials of women diagnosed with probable AD failed to show that physiological doses of ERT ameliorate existing deficits in cognitive functioning and/or prevent further deterioration in memory that inevitably occurs in these women over time. Finally, an accumulating body of evidence is beginning to suggest that the immediate postmenopausal period may constitute a critical window for treatment with ERT that maximizes its potential to protect against cognitive decline with aging and/or to reduce the risk of AD.
A Wideband Microwave Tomography System With a Novel Frequency Selection Procedure (2009)

In this paper, we describe a 2-D wideband microwave imaging system intended for biomedical imaging. The system is capable of collecting data from 3 to 6 GHz, with 24 coresident antenna elements connected to a vector network analyzer via a 2 x 24 port matrix switch. As one of the major sources of error in the data collection process is a result of the strongly coupling 24 coresident antennas, we provide a novel method to avoid the frequencies where the coupling is large enough to prevent successful imaging. Through the use of two different nonlinear reconstruction schemes, which are an enhanced version of the distorted born iterative method and the multiplicative regularized contrast source inversion method, we show imaging results from dielectric phantoms in free space. The early inversion results show that with the frequency selection procedure applied, the system is capable of quantitatively reconstructing dielectric objects, and show that the use of the wideband data improves the inversion results over single-frequency data.
The Intergroup Dynamics of a Metaphor: The School-to-Prison Pipeline (2013)

Among the several terms and phrases that populate the educational literature, both lay and professional, the phrase school-to-prison pipeline is without doubt the dominant, with few challengers in sight. Much like at-risk, or eight hour retarded child, linking specific school policies to subsequent incarceration captures the disturbing and seemingly entrenched statistics on racial inequity in schooling, doing so in a crisp imagery of a pipeline. With such a physical imagery, the phrase implies, or advances a causal connection between school practices and racial disparity of the harshest kind. It is no longer enough that minority and low-income students are at risk, mainly of dropping out; rather, the risks are now made conspicuously real and gravely consequential.
Tethered cord syndrome in adults (1982)

Patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) rarely have symptomatic onset in adulthood. Twenty-three adult patients with TCS were studied with respect to the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of this syndrome. Specific circumstances involving either additional tugging of the already tight conus, narrowing of the spinal canal, or direct trauma to the back or buttocks precipitated symptomatic onset in 60% of patients. Diffuse and non-dermatomal leg pain, often referred to the anorectal region, was the most common presenting symptom. Progressive sensorimotor deficits in the lower extremities as well as bladder and bowel dysfunction were also common findings; but, unlike TCS in children, progressive foot and spinal deformities were not seen. As in TCS with onset in childhood, the most common tethering lesions were thickened filum, intradural lipoma, and fibrous adhesions. The degree of cord traction, rather than the type or distribution of the tethering lesions, probably determines the age of symptom onset: less severe traction remains asymptomatic in childhood but results in neurological dysfunction in later life due to repeated tugging of the conus during natural head and neck flexion, or when abnormal tension is aggravated by trauma or spondylotic canal stenosis. Metrizamide myelography revealed the diagnosis of tethered conus in most cases, but the addition of computerized tomographic imaging provided valuable structural details concerning the tethering lesion. The surgical outcome was gratifying in relation to pain and motor weakness but disappointing in the resolution of bowel and bladder dysfunction. Early diagnosis and adequate release of the tethered conus are the keys to successful management.
APNOEIC OXYGENATION IN ANAESTHETISED MAN (1962)

SUMMARY The effect of apnoeic oxygenation during halothane anaesthesia has been studied. The results obtained are broadly in agreement with those reported by other workers. The extent of the acidosis is directly related to the duration of apnoea. Metabolic disturbance played only a small part in its development which is primarily respiratory in origin. Pulse rate, pulse pressure and blood pressure were all increased and there were associated ventricular extrasystoles. It is suggested that increased sympathetic activity due to the raised carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood is responsible. Desaturation of arterial blood was observed postoperatively, and it is suggested that this is due to a disturbance of the ventilation/perfusion ratio. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Wirkung der Diffusionsatmung (←Apnoeic oxygenation→) während der Halothan‐Narkose wurde überprüft. Die erzielten Resultate stimmen im Grossen und Ganzen mit den bereits von anderen Autoren veröffentlichten überein. Das Ausmass der Azidose steht in direktem Verhältnis zur Dauer der Apnoe. Metabolische Storungen spielten nur eine geringe Rolle, sie sind vielmehr im wesentlichen respiratorischen Ursprungs. Pulsfrequenz, Pulsdruck und Blutdruck stiegen an und es traten gelegentliche ventrikuläre Extrasystolen auf. Man glaubt, dass die verstarkte Tätigkeit des Sympathikus, die wiederum durch den Anstieg der Kohlensäure‐Spannung im arteriellen Blut zustande kommt, dafür verantwortlich ist. Desaturation des arteriellen Blutes wurde postoperativ beobachtet und man nimmt an, dass dies durch eine Störung des Ventilations/Perfusions‐Verhältnisses bedingt ist.