gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Parameters Controlling Sensitivity of Nanoshell Plasmon Resonances to Changes in Dielectric Environment (2004)

In this study, we investigate the geometrical parameters that control the sensitivity of the plasmon resonance wavelength of a silica−gold nanoshell to changes in its dielectric environment. It was found that the magnitude of the SPR frequency shift upon a change in refractive index of the embedding medium depends primarily on total nanoparticle size and less sensitively on the core/shell ratio. Immobilized nanoshells on a glass substrate showed a 25% decrease in magnitude of the SPR shifts; however, sensitivities as large as Δλ/Δn = 555.4 nm/RIU were obtained for this geometry.
CW diamond laser architecture for high average power Raman beam conversion (2011)

We report a cw 1064 nm-pumped external cavity diamond Raman laser operating at the 1240 nm. The slope efficiency was 42% and maximum output power, currently limited by the available pump power, was 7.5 W.
Usefulness of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) as a new marker for the diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in challenging cases (2014)

The percentage and intensity of IP3 IHC staining showed a significant difference between high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma versus Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal squamous epithelium. Therefore, IMP3 oncofetal protein could be a very useful marker for the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. However, to test the validation, a larger number samples is required.
Modular Synthesis and Dynamics of a Variety of Donor–Acceptor Interlocked Compounds Prepared by Click Chemistry (2007)

A series of donor-acceptor [2]-, [3]-, and [4]rotaxanes and self-complexes ([1]rotaxanes) have been synthesized by a threading-followed-by-stoppering approach, in which the precursor pseudorotaxanes are fixed by using Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to attach the required stoppers. This alternative approach to forming rotaxanes of the donor-acceptor type, in which the donor is a 1,5-dioxynaphthalene unit and the acceptor is the tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), proceeds with enhanced yields relative to the tried and tested synthetic strategies, which involve the clipping of the cyclophane around a preformed dumbbell containing pi-electron-donating recognition sites. The new synthetic approach is amenable to application to highly convergent sequences. To extend the scope of this reaction, we constructed [2]rotaxanes in which one of the phenylene rings of the tetracationic cyclophane is perfluorinated, a feature which significantly weakens its association with pi-electron-rich guests. The activation barrier for the shuttling of the cyclophane over a spacer containing two triazole rings was determined to be (15.5+/-0.1) kcal mol(-1) for a degenerate two-station [2]rotaxane, a value similar to that previously measured for analogous degenerate compounds containing aromatic or ethylene glycol spacers. The triazole rings do not seem to perturb the shuttling process significantly; this property bodes well for their future incorporation into bistable molecular switches.
Models for the Permeability of Filled Polymer Systems (1967)

Abstract A theory has been developed which predicts the minimum permeability that can be expected for a polymer filled with platelike particles. Models are also developed for the permeability of liquids through filled polymers when the liquid adsorbs or collects at the filler-polymer interface. Some of the cases discussed include different types of dispersions, orientation of filler particles, and the effects of filler aggregation. Permeability, especially of liquids, is extremely complex, and many different types of behavior can be expected.
Simple, robust storage of drops and fluids in a microfluidic device (2008)

We describe a single microfluidic device and two methods for the passive storage of aqueous drops in a continuous stream of oil without any external control but hydrodynamic flow. Advantages of this device are that it is simple to manufacture, robust under operation, and drops never come into contact with each other, making it unnecessary to stabilize drops against coalescence. In one method the device can be used to store drops that are created upstream from the storage zone. In the second method the same device can be used to simultaneously create and store drops from a single large continuous fluid stream without resorting to the usual flow focusing or T-junction drop generation processes. Additionally, this device stores all the fluid introduced, including the first amount, with zero waste. Transport of drops in this device depends, however, on whether or not the aqueous drops wet the device walls. Analysis of drop transport in these two cases is presented. Finally, a method for extraction of the drops from the device is also presented, which works best when drops do not wet the walls of the chip.
Repair of the Vestibular System via Adenovector Delivery of Atoh1: A Potential Treatment for Balance Disorders (2009)

Loss of auditory and vestibular hair cells is a common cause of hearing loss and balance disorders. A variety of strategies have been proposed to restore function to damaged inner ear neuroepithelium. Delivery of the atonal homolog, atoh1, has been demonstrated to induce recovery of auditory and vestibular hair cells using a variety of delivery methods and model systems. We have developed a mouse model of vestibular aminoglycoside ototoxicity and demonstrated that delivery of an advanced generation adenovector that expresses atoh1 results in the regeneration of vestibular hair cells. Additionally, mice treated with atoh1 recover balance function. Currently vestibular diseases have few treatment options and several lines of evidence suggest that regeneration of hair cells may be more easily accomplished in the vestibular system. Development of atoh1-based gene therapy for vestibular hair cell loss may provide an initial opportunity for developing gene therapy for inner ear disease.
Continuous Measurement of Oxygen Consumption by Pancreatic Islets (2002)

The rate of oxygen consumption is an important measure of mitochondrial function in all aerobic cells. In pancreatic beta cells, it is linked to the transduction mechanism that mediates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, measurement of oxygen consumption over long periods of time is technically difficult owing to the error resulting from baseline drift and the challenge of measuring small changes in oxygen tension. We have adapted an ultrastable oxygen sensor based on the detection of the decay of the phosphorescent emission from an oxygen-sensitive dye to a previously developed islet flow culture system. The drift of the sensor is approximately 0.3%/24 h, allowing for the continuous measurement of oxygen consumption by 300 islets (or about 6 × 105 cells) for hours or days. Rat islets placed in the perifusion chamber for 24 h were well maintained as reflected by membrane integrity, insulin secretion, and oxygen consumption. Both acute changes in oxygen consumption as induced by glucose and chronic changes as induced by sequential pulses of azide were resolved. The features of the flow culture system—aseptic conditions, fine temporal control of the composition of the media, and the collection of outflow fractions for measurement of insulin, and other products—facilitate a systematic approach to assessing metabolic and functional viability in responses to a variety of stimuli. Applications to the measurement of effects of hypoxia on insulin secretion, membrane integrity, and the redox state of cytochromes are demonstrated. The system has particular application to the field of human islet transplantation, where assessment and the study of islet viability have been hampered by a lack of experimental methods.
Quantifying the contribution of low-level saliency to human eye movements in dynamic scenes (2005)

We investigated the contribution of low-level saliency to human eye movements in complex dynamic scenes. Eye movements were recorded while naive observers viewed a heterogeneous collection of 50 video clips (46,489 frames; 4-6 subjects per clip), yielding 11,916 saccades of amplitude ≥2°. A model of bottom-up visual attention computed instantaneous saliency at the instant each saccade started and at its future endpoint location. Median model-predicted saliency was 45% the maximum saliency, a significant factor 2.03 greater than expected by chance. Motion and temporal change were stronger predictors of human saccades than colour, intensity, or orientation features, with the best predictor being the sum of all features. There was no significant correlation between model-predicted saliency and duration of fixation. A majority of saccades were directed to a minority of locations reliably marked as salient by the model, suggesting that bottom-up saliency may provide a set of candidate saccade target locations, with the final choice of which location of fixate more strongly determined top-down.
Imaging of thrombi with tissue-type plasminogen activator rendered enzymatically inactive and conjugated to a residualizing label. (1992)

Use of enzymatically inactivated t-PA coupled to a residualizing label permits rapid detection and localization of thrombi in vivo.
Tracking and estimation of ego-vehicle's state for lateral localization (2014)

For urban driving, knowledge of ego-vehicle's position is a critical piece of information that enables advanced driver-assistance systems or self-driving cars to execute safety-related, autonomous driving maneuvers. This is because, without knowing the current location, it is very hard to autonomously execute any driving maneuvers for the future. The existing solutions for localization rely on a combination of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), an inertial measurement unit, and a digital map. However, on urban driving environments, due to poor satellite geometry and disruption of radio signal reception, their longitudinal and lateral errors are too significant to be used to guide an autonomous system. To enhance the existing system's localization capability, this work presents an effort of developing a vision-based lateral localization algorithm. The algorithm aims at reliably counting, with or without observations of lane-markings, the number road-lanes and identifying the index of the road-lane on the roadway that our vehicle happens to be driving on. Testings the proposed algorithms against inter-city and inter-state highway videos showed promising results in terms of counting the number of road-lanes and the indices of the current road-lanes <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.</sup>
Oxcarbazepine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for partial onset seizures (2009)

Oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine appear to be similarly effective and well tolerated. However, the possibility of important differences existing between these drugs cannot be ruled out.
Nanomolar E-Selectin Inhibitors:  700-Fold Potentiation of Affinity by Multivalent Ligand Presentation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNanomolar E-Selectin Inhibitors: 700-Fold Potentiation of Affinity by Multivalent Ligand PresentationGebhard Thoma, Rudolf O. Duthaler, John L. Magnani, and John T. PattonView Author Information Novartis Pharma AG CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland GlycoTech Corporation, 14915 Broschart Road Rockville, Maryland 20850 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 41, 10113–10114Publication Date (Web):September 22, 2001Publication History Received19 June 2001Published online22 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0164430Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (41 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Ligands Get e-Alerts
Non-coding MicroRNAs hsa-let-7g and hsa-miR-181b are Associated with Chemoresponse to S-1 in Colon Cancer. (2006)

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level via imperfect base pairing to the 3'-UTR of their target mRNAs. Previous studies from our group identified a number of deregulated miRNAs due to the loss of p53 tumor suppressor in colon cancer cell lines. To further investigate the in vivo biological significance of these miRNAs, the expressions of hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-145, hsa-miR-181b and hsa-miR-200c were investigated using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colon cancer specimens to evaluate the potential relationship with chemosensitivity and tumorigenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with recurrent or residual colon cancer lesions were treated with the 5-fluorouracil-based antimetabolite S-1. This includes twenty-one pairs of tumor and normal samples. Total RNAs were isolated and the expression level of each particular miRNA was quantified using real time qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: The expression levels of hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-181b and hsa-miR-200c were over-expressed in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. The expression levels of hsa-let-7g (p=0.03; Mann-Whitney test) and hsa-miR-181b (p=0.02; Mann-Whitney test) were strongly associated with clinical response to S-1. Although hsa-let-7g and hsa-miR-181b are strongly associated with patient's response to S-1 treatment, they are not significant prognostic factors for predicting survival. CONCLUSION: hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-181b and hsa-miR-200c may be associated with tumorigenesis in colon cancer. In addition, hsa-let-7g and hsa-miR-181b may be potential indicators for chemoresponse to S-1 based chemotherapy.
Reduced Retina Microglial Activation and Improved Optic Nerve Integrity with Minocycline Treatment in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma (2008)

These observations suggest that in glaucoma, retina and optic nerve head microglia activation may be a factor in the early decline in function of the optic nerve and its subsequent degeneration.
The CES-D Scale (1977)

The CES-D scale is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which have been used in previously validated longer scales. The new scale was tested in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings. It was found to have very high internal consistency and adequate test- retest repeatability. Validity was established by pat terns of correlations with other self-report measures, by correlations with clinical ratings of depression, and by relationships with other variables which support its construct validity. Reliability, validity, and factor structure were similar across a wide variety of demographic characteristics in the general population samples tested. The scale should be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of de pression.
Cytochrome c in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate reverse micelles: structure and reactivity (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCytochrome c in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate reverse micelles: structure and reactivityP. Brochette, C. Petit, and M. P. PileniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 12, 3505–3511Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100323a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100323a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Chiral Cyclometalated Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Derivatives of Thienylpyridine as Ligands:  Helical Distortion of the Square Planar (SP-4) Geometry (1997)

Four cis-bis-cyclometalated complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II) have been synthesized with chiral substituted thienylpyridine ligands. These ligands are (5aR,6aS)-5,5a,6a,7-tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2'-thienyl)cyclopropa[g]isoquinoline (th4,5capy) (1), (6aR,7aS)-5,6,6a,7a-tetrahydro-7,7-dimethyl-2-(2'-thienyl)cyclopropa[h]quinoline (th5,6capy) (2), (6R,8R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9,9-dimethyl-2-(2'-thienyl)-6,8-methanoquinoline (th5,6betappy) (3), and (6R,8R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9,9-dimethyl-3-(2'-thienyl)-6,8-methanoisoquinoline (th4,5ppy) (5). Two complexes have a well-defined chirality at the metal center, due to the sterical interaction of the ligands. These complexes are Delta-Pt(th5,6capy)(2) (8) and Lambda-Pt(th5,6betappy)(thpy) (9). The crystal structure of 8 shows a strong distortion from the ideal square planar geometry. Crystals of Delta-Pt(th5,6capy)(2) (8) are tetragonal, space group P4(3)2(1)2, a = 13.407(1) Å, b = 13.407(1) Å, c = 14.860(2) Å, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, and Z = 4. Final R = 0.0237 and R(w) = 0.0450 for 2353 observed reflections. Compound 8 possesses a crystallographic C(2) symmetry.
Fast Learning in Multi-Resolution Hierarchies (1988)

A class of fast, supervised learning algorithms is presented. They use lo-cal representations, hashing, atld multiple scales of resolution to approximate functions which are piece-wise continuous. Inspired by Albus&amp;apos;s CMAC model, the algorithms learn orders of magnitude more rapidly than typical imple-mentations of back propagation, while often achieving comparable qualities of generalization. Furthermore, unlike most traditional function approximation methods, the algorithms are well suited for use in real time adaptive signal processing. Unlike simpler adaptive systems, such as linear predictive cod-ing, the adaptive linear combiner, and the Kalman filter, the new algorithms are capable of efficiently capturing the structure of complicated non-linear systems. As an illustration, the algorithm is applied to the prediction of a chaotic timeseries. 1
An experimental test of stroke recovery by implanting a hyaluronic acid hydrogel carrying a Nogo receptor antibody in a rat model (2007)

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of a hyaluronic-acid-based (HA-based) hydrogel implant, carrying a polyclonal antibody to the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR), on adult rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Behavioral tests of a forelimb-reaching task suggested that the disabled function of the impaired forelimb in this stroke model was ameliorated by the implant to a certain extent. These behavioral findings were correlated with immunohistochemical results of investigating the distribution of NgR antibody, neurofilaments (NF) and neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (TuJ1) in the brain sections. The porous hydrogel functioned as a scaffold to deliver the NgR antibody, support cell migration and development. In addition, it was found NF-positive and TuJ1-positive expressions were distributed in the implanted hydrogel. Collectively, the results demonstrate the promise of the HA hydrogel as a scaffold material and the delivery vehicle of the NgR antibody for the repair of defects and the support of neural regeneration in the brain.
Insulin increases vascular smooth muscle recovery from intracellular calcium loads. (1993)

Insulin has previously been shown to attenuate vasoconstrictor responses to pressor agonists and accelerate vascular smooth muscle relaxation and vascular smooth muscle Ca2+ efflux. To further determine the role of insulin in regulating vascular smooth muscle Ca2+, quiescent A7r5 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and human vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with or without 10(-7) or 10(-8) M insulin for 1 hour and then loaded with fura 2-AM; intracellular Ca2+ responses to and rates of recovery from angiotensin II (200 nM) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) (10 microM) were studied fluorometrically in stirred suspension. Insulin (10(-7) M) caused an increase in the peak intracellular Ca2+ response to angiotensin II (peak/baseline x 100 = 469 +/- 96 versus 288 +/- 74, P &lt; .05) and a decrease in the peak Ca2+ response to vasopressin (288 +/- 50 versus 389 +/- 33, P &lt; .025). However, insulin also caused a marked increase in the rate of intracellular Ca2+ recovery to baseline after stimulation with both angiotensin II (77.3 +/- 13.8 versus 30.6 +/- 6 nM/min, P &lt; .03) and vasopressin (P &lt; .05), such that the cumulative exposure to elevated intracellular Ca2+ after stimulation with either agonist (ie, area under the intracellular Ca2+ curve) was reduced with insulin treatment. Insulin (10(-8)) caused small but still significant effects on all parameters in the A7r5 cells. Insulin also caused comparable effects on Ca2+ recovery in the human cells but was without significant effect on peak Ca2+ responses to AVP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rules for optimization of biocatalysis in organic solvents (1987)

General rules for the optimization of different biocatalytic systems in various types of media containing organic solvents are derived by combining data from the literature, and the logarithm of the partition coefficient, log P, as a quantitative measure of solvent polarity. (1) Biocatalysis in organic solvents is low in polar solvents having a log P < 2, is moderate in solvents having a log P between 2 and 4, and is high in a polar solvents having a log P > 4. It was found that this correlation between polarity and activity parallels the ability of organic solvents to distort the essential water layer that stabilizes the biocatalysts. (2) Further optimization of biocatalysis in organic solvents is achieved when the polarity of the microenvironment of the biocatalyst (log P(i)) and the continuous organic phase (log P(cph)) is tuned to the polarities of both the substrate (log P(s)) and the product (log P(p)) according to the following rules: |log P(i) - log P(s)| and |log P(cph) - log P(p)| should be minimal and |log P(cph) - log P(s)| and |log P(i) - log P(p)| should be maximal, with the exception that in the case of substrate inhibition log P(i), should be optimized with respect to log P(s) In addition to these simple optimization rules, the future developments of biocatalysis in organic solvents are discussed.