gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The M184V Mutation in Reverse Transcriptase Can Delay Reversion of Attenuated Variants of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (2002)

We previously constructed a series of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mutants containing deletions within a 97-nucleotide region of the SIVmac239 untranslated region or leader sequence. However, as is common with live attenuated viruses, several of the mutants exhibited a moderate propensity for reversion. Since the M184V mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase is associated with diminished fitness as well as lamivudine resistance, we introduced this substitution into several of our deletion mutants to determine its effects on viral replication and compensatory reversion. Our results indicate that M184V impaired viral fitness in pair-wise comparisons of mutants that contained or lacked this substitution. We also observed that M184V significantly impaired the potential for both compensatory mutagenesis and reversion in these mutants both in cell lines and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Identification of <i>Blomia tropicalis</i> Allergen Blo t 5 by cDNA Cloning (1995)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T17:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995-05-01
Multicenter phase II study of matured dendritic cells pulsed with melanoma cell line lysates in patients with advanced melanoma (2010)

NCT00107159.
Synergistic protective effect of caspase inhibitors and bFGF against brain injury induced by transient focal ischaemia (2001)

We tested the hypothesis that combined use of trophic factors and caspase inhibitors increases brain resistance to ischaemia in mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of bFGF (>10 ng) 30 min after MCA occlusion decreased infarct size and neurological deficit in a dose-dependent manner following 2 h ischemia and reperfusion (20 h). Combined administration of the subthreshold doses of bFGF (3 ng) and caspase inhibitors (z-VAD.FMK, 27 ng or z-DEVD.FMK, 80 mg) reduced infarct volume by 60%, and reduced neurological deficit. Treatment with a subthreshold dose of bFGF (3 ng) extended the therapeutic window for z-DEVD.FMK (480 ng) from 1 to 3 h after reperfusion. Caspase-3 activity in the ischaemic brain was increased 30 min and 2 h after reperfusion but, was significantly reduced in bFGF-treated animals by 29 and 16%, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was not reduced by a direct bFGF effect because addition of bFGF (10 nM - 2 microM) did not decrease recombinant caspase-3 activity, in vitro. Our data show that combining caspase inhibitors and bFGF lengthens the treatment window for the second treatment, plus lowers the dosage requirements for neuroprotection. These findings are important because low doses of caspase inhibitors or bFGF reduce the possibility of side effects plus extend the short treatment window for ischaemic stroke.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are vulnerable to immunosuppressive mechanisms present within the tumor microenvironment (2014)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells have shown early promise in hematological malignancies. However, in solid malignancies CAR T cells must overcome a distinct immunosuppressive microenvironment which may compromise their capacity to mediate antitumor activity.
Contributions of the Peroxisome and β-Oxidation Cycle to Biotin Synthesis in Fungi (2011)

The first step in the synthesis of the bicyclic rings of D-biotin is mediated by 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (AON) synthase, which catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of l-alanine and pimelate thioester. We found that the Aspergillus nidulans AON synthase, encoded by the bioF gene, is a peroxisomal enzyme with a type 1 peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS1). Localization of AON to the peroxisome was essential for biotin synthesis because expression of a cytosolic AON variant or deletion of pexE, encoding the PTS1 receptor, rendered A. nidulans a biotin auxotroph. AON synthases with PTS1 are found throughout the fungal kingdom, in ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and members of basal fungal lineages but not in representatives of the Saccharomyces species complex, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A. nidulans mutants defective in the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase AoxA or the multifunctional protein FoxA showed a strong decrease in colonial growth rate in biotin-deficient medium, whereas partial growth recovery occurred with pimelic acid supplementation. These results indicate that pimeloyl-CoA is the in vivo substrate of AON synthase and that it is generated in the peroxisome via the β-oxidation cycle in A. nidulans and probably in a broad range of fungi. However, the β-oxidation cycle is not essential for biotin synthesis in S. cerevisiae or Escherichia coli. These results suggest that alternative pathways for synthesis of the pimelate intermediate exist in bacteria and eukaryotes and that Saccharomyces species use a pathway different from that used by the majority of fungi.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Built on Suspended 3D Spiral Structure as Vibration and Positioning Sensor and Wave Energy Harvester (2013)

An unstable mechanical structure that can self-balance when perturbed is a superior choice for vibration energy harvesting and vibration detection. In this work, a suspended 3D spiral structure is integrated with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for energy harvesting and sensor applications. The newly designed vertical contact-separation mode TENG has a wide working bandwidth of 30 Hz in low-frequency range with a maximum output power density of 2.76 W/m(2) on a load of 6 MΩ. The position of an in-plane vibration source was identified by placing TENGs at multiple positions as multichannel, self-powered active sensors, and the location of the vibration source was determined with an error less than 6%. The magnitude of the vibration is also measured by the output voltage and current signal of the TENG. By integrating the TENG inside a buoy ball, wave energy harvesting at water surface has been demonstrated and used for lighting illumination light, which shows great potential applications in marine science and environmental/infrastructure monitoring.
CLOCK Is Required for Maintaining the Circadian Rhythms of Opsin mRNA Expression in Photoreceptor Cells (2008)

In zebrafish, the expression of long-wavelength cone (LC) opsin mRNA fluctuated rhythmically between the day and night. In a 24-h period, expression was high in the afternoon and low in the early morning. This pattern of fluctuation persisted in zebrafish that were kept in constant darkness, suggesting an involvement of circadian clocks. Functional expression of Clock, a circadian clock gene that contributes to the central circadian pacemaker, was found to play an important role in maintaining the circadian rhythms of LC opsin mRNA expression. In zebrafish embryos, in which the translation of Clock was inhibited by anti-Clock morpholinos, the circadian rhythms of LC opsin mRNA expression diminished. CLOCK may regulate the circadian rhythms of LC opsin mRNA expression via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways. In control retinas, the concentration of cAMP was high in the early morning and low in the remainder of the day and night. Inhibition of Clock translation abolished the fluctuation in the concentration of cAMP, thereby diminishing the circadian rhythms of opsin mRNA expression. Transient increase of cAMP concentrations in the early morning (i.e. by treating the embryos with 8-bromo-cAMP) restored the circadian rhythms of LC opsin mRNA expression in morpholino-treated embryos. Together, the data suggest that Clock plays important roles in regulating the circadian rhythms in photoreceptor cells.
Enhanced binding of antibodies to the DTR motif of MUC1 tandem repeat peptide is mediated by site-specific glycosylation. (1998)

The epithelial mucin MUC1 is an important tumor marker of breast cancer and other carcinomas. Its immunodominant DTR motif, which is the principal target for immunotherapeutic approaches, has been assumed until recently not to be glycosylated in both normal and tumor MUC1 and to acquire its immunogenic conformation by virtue of a certain number of tandem repeats. We present evidence that the antigenicity of the single repeat toward a considerable number of antibodies to the DTR motif is greatly enhanced if it is glycosylated within this motif, and only in this position. Twenty-eight monoclonal anti-MUC1 antibodies with DTR specificity were tested for binding to synthetic 21-mer (AHG21) or 20-mer (HGV20) tandem repeat peptides O-glycosylated with galactose beta1-3N-acetylgalactosamine alpha or N-acetylgalactosamine alpha at defined Thr or Ser positions. Binding was measured in ELISA experiments using the glycopeptides as plate-immobilized antigens or as inhibitors in solution. At least 12 antibodies revealed significantly enhanced binding to the peptides glycosylated at the DTR motif (Thr-10) as compared to positional isomers glycosylated at Thr-5, Ser-6, Ser-16, or Thr-17 and to the nonglycosylated peptides. Six antibodies (VU-3-C6, A76-A/C7, Ma552, VU-11-D1, VU-12-E1, and VU-11-E2) that were unreactive with the monomeric repeat peptide did bind to the DTR-glycosylated peptide. Several lines of evidence suggest that glycosylation with N-acetylgalactosamine is sufficient for the observed enhancement effect. Our results are of special interest in conjunction with the recent observation that the DTR motif of lactation-associated MUC1 is O-glycosylated in vivo (Müller et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272: 24780-24793, 1997). They may have consequences for the design of efficient tumor vaccines.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate production in recombinant Escherichia coli (1992)

The bacterial species Escherichia coli has proven to be a powerful tool in the molecular analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. In addition, E. coli holds promise as a source for economical PHA production. Using this microorganism, clones have been developed in our laboratory which direct the synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) to levels as high as 95% of the cell dry weight. These clones have been further enhanced by the addition of a genetically mediated lysis system that allows the PHB granules to be released gently and efficiently. This paper describes these developments, as well as the use of an E. coli strain to produce the copolymer poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-co-3HV).
Reversible G1 arrest induced by dimethyl sulfoxide in human lymphoid cell lines: kinetics of the arrest and expression of the cell cycle marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Raji cells. (1992)

In order to elucidate further the mechanism of reversible cell cycle arrest induced by treatment of Raji cells with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), we have performed a detailed analysis of the kinetics of arrest and of reentry into the cell cycle after removal of DMSO and have correlated cell cycle progression with expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). No significant effect of DMSO on cell cycle patterns, assessed by flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine-prelabeled cells, was seen for the first 19 h of treatment. A clear reduction of entry into S phase was detected by about 25 h of treatment; essentially all cells were arrested with a G1 content of DNA after 96 h of treatment. When DMSO-arrested cells were released from the block, entry into S phase began at 12 h after release and continued in a fairly asynchronous manner for a further 12-14 h. In arrested cells, the content of PCNA was reduced to about 25% of the amount present in logarithmically growing G1 phase cells. Six h after release from DMSO, PCNA RNA transcripts were first detected by Northern blotting. The increase of PCNA protein, detected by Western blotting, was seen by 9 h after release. The kinetics of entry into the cell cycle and restoration of PCNA protein are similar to that seen in serum stimulation of quiescent cells. These results suggest that DMSO reversibly arrests proliferation of Raji cells at G0 or at an early point in G1 phase and that progression through late G1 phase and entry into S phase are correlated with synthesis of the PCNA gene product.
Coupled Composite CdS−CdSe and Core−Shell Types of (CdS)CdSe and (CdSe)CdS Nanoparticles (1996)

Addition of H2S and H2Se, in different proportions, to aqueous Cd(ClO4)2 solutions containing (NaPO3)6 led to the formation of coupled composite CdS−CdSe nanoparticles. Conversely, the sequential introduction of different amounts of H2S and H2Se (or H2Se and H2S) into aqueous Cd(ClO4)2 solutions containing (NaPO3)6 produced core−shell type (CdS)CdSe [or (CdSe)CdS] nanoparticles. These structural assignments were based on spectroscopic (absorption, transmission, excitation, and emission), electrochemical, pulse radiolytic, and electron microscopic measurements. Conditions were adjusted (by adding excess cadmium and hydroxide ions) for the maximization of excitonic fluorescence. Two emission bands were observed in the coupled and in the core−shell type mixed semiconductor nanoparticles. The first one, centered around 470 nm, was attributed to the 1se−1sh excitonic emission of CdS. The second, centered around 560 nm, was proposed to arise from charge transfer of CdS to the coupled composite CdS−CdSe and core−shell type (CdS)CdSe [or (CdSe)CdS] nanoparticles.
Hydrogen Bonding and the Cryoprotective Properties of Glycerol/Water Mixtures (2006)

Molecular dynamics simulations and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the hydrogen bond patterns of glycerol and its mixtures with water. The ability of glycerol/water mixtures to inhibit ice crystallization is linked to the concentration of glycerol and the hydrogen bonding patterns formed by these solutions. At low glycerol concentrations, sufficient amounts of bulk-like water exist, and at low temperature, these solutions demonstrate crystallization. As the glycerol concentration is increased, the bulk-like water pool is eventually depleted. Water in the first hydration shell becomes concentrated around the polar groups of glycerol, and the alkyl groups of glycerol self-associate. Glycerol-glycerol hydrogen bonds become the dominant interaction in the first hydration shell, and the percolation nature of the water network is disturbed. At glycerol concentrations beyond this point, glycerol/water mixtures remain glassy at low temperatures and the glycerol-water hydrogen bond favors a more linear arrangement. High glycerol concentration mixtures mimic the strong hydrogen bonding pattern seen in ice, yet crystallization does not occur. Hydrogen bond patterns are discussed in terms of hydrogen bond angle distributions and average hydrogen bond number. Shift in infrared frequency of related stretch and bend modes is also reviewed.
In vivo cancer diagnosis of the esophagus using differential normalized fluorescence (DNF) indices (1995)

The data indicated that the DNF approach has a significant potential to provide a direct, real-time, and in-situ technique for cancer diagnosis of the esophagus without requiring biopsy of the tumors and time-consuming histopathology tests.
Comparative trial of two non-sedative H1 antihistamines, terfenadine and astemizole, for hay fever. (1986)

A new single breath test has been developed that measures pulmonary blood flow (Qc) and pulmonary tissue volume by using the fact that Qc is proportional to the relationship between the absorption rate of acetylene (C2H2) from the alveolar gas and the rate of change of lung volume during constant expiratory flow. To make these measurements a bag in bottle system with a rolling seal spirometer, a mass spectrometer, and a minicomputer with analogue to digital conversion have been used. Qc was compared with cardiac output measured by the thermodilution technique in 20 patients with cardiac disease; some also had mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The mean (SD) resting Qc for the group was 5.27 (1.22) l/min and the cardiac output measured by thermodilution was 5.30 (1.31) l/min. The mean difference between the two estimations of cardiac output was 0.03 l and the standard deviation of this difference was 0.76 l. The Qc technique was not successful in patients with an FEV1/FVC less than 60%, but seemed to be accurate in those with higher FEV1/FVC values. Correction of Qc for the effect of venous admixture in 14 patients resulted in an average 19% overestimation of cardiac output (6.01 (2.52) l/min v 5.05 (1.64) l/min). It is concluded that cardiac output can be accurately measured in patients with cardiac or mild pulmonary disease. No correction for venous admixture due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch was necessary in these patients, presumably because the large breath used by the technique overcomes most mild ventilation-perfusion maldistribution. These findings, in addition to the non-invasive nature of the technique, suggest potential value for the measurement of cardiac output in various clinical conditions.
Application of Neural Networks to Modelling and Control (1993)

Introduction to neural networks, J.B. Gomm et al neural networks for control - evolution, revolution or renaissance, P.J.G. Lisboa identification of linear systems using recurrent neural networks, D.T. Pham, X. Lui enhancing feedforward neural network training, C. Peel et al estimation of state variables of a fermentation process via Kalman filter and neural network, D. Tsaptsinos, N.A. Jalel, J.R. Leigh a label driven CMAC intelligent control strategy, A.J. Lawrence, C.J. Harris neural network controller for depth of anaesthesia, D.A. Linkens, H.U. Rehman.
Cells Expressing Early Cardiac Markers Reside in the Bone Marrow and Are Mobilized Into the Peripheral Blood After Myocardial Infarction (2004)

The concept that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells participate in cardiac regeneration remains highly controversial and the identity of the specific cell type(s) involved remains unknown. In this study, we report that the postnatal BM contains a mobile pool of cells that express early cardiac lineage markers (Nkx2.5/Csx, GATA-4, and MEF2C). These cells are present in significant amounts in BM harvested from young mice but their abundance decreases with age; in addition, the responsiveness of these cells to gradients of motomorphogens SDF-1, HGF, and LIF changes with age. FACS analysis, combined with analysis of early cardiac markers at the mRNA and protein levels, revealed that cells expressing these markers reside in the nonadherent, nonhematopoietic CXCR4+/Sca-1+/lin-/CD45- mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction in mice and in the CXCR4+/CD34+/AC133+/CD45- BMMNC fraction in humans. These cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood after myocardial infarction and chemoattracted to the infarcted myocardium in an SDF-1-CXCR4-, HGF-c-Met-, and LIF-LIF-R-dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the postnatal BM harbors a nonhematopoietic population of cells that express markers for cardiac differentiation. We propose that these potential cardiac progenitors may account for the myocardial regenerative effects of BM. The present findings provide a novel paradigm that could reconcile current controversies and a rationale for investigating the use of BM-derived cardiac progenitors for myocardial regeneration.
A Polymeric Microfluidic Chip for CE/MS Determination of Small Molecules (2001)

A polymeric microfluidic chip made of Zeonor 1020 was fabricated using conventional embossing techniques to perform capillary electrophoresis for selected ion monitoring and selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometric detection of small molecules. A silicon master was microfabricated using photolithographic and dry etching processes. The microfluidic channel was embossed in the plastic from a silicon master. The embossed chip was thermally bonded with a Zeonor 1020 cover to form an enclosed channel. This channel (60-microm width, 20-microm depth, 2.0- and 3.5-cm length) provided capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of polar small molecules without surface treatment of the polymer. A microsprayer coupled via a microliquid junction provided direct electrospray mass spectrometric detection of CE-separated components. An electric field of 0.5-2 kV/cm applied between the microsprayer and a separation buffer reservoir produced a separation of carnitine, acylcarnitine, and butylcarnitine with separation efficiencies ranging from 1,650 to 18,000 plates. Injection quantities of 0.2 nmol of these compounds produced a separation of the targeted polar small molecules without surface treatment of the polymer-abundant ion current signals and baseline separation of these compounds in less than 10 s. These results suggest the feasibility of polymeric chip-based devices for ion spray CE/MS applications.
Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System (2009)

Playing an important role in the treatment of neurological disorders, the delivery of drugs to central nervous system (CNS), both administered directly and administered systematically for targeted action, encounters a major challenge in the form of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the access of drugs to the brain substance. In Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System, experts in the field present essential methods used to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, both in experimental animals and in humans. In addition to those methods, several overviews of innovative methods and their applications are presented in order to give a glimpse of the future of this research. As a volume in the successful Neuromethods series, this book presents its protocols with the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System serves as an ideal guide to scientists continuing to pursue knowledge of the delicate interactions between pharmaceuticals and the brain
The Synthesis of 2-Pyridones from Cyclic Cyano Ketones. A New Aromatization Procedure for Dihydro-2-pyridones1 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 2-Pyridones from Cyclic Cyano Ketones. A New Aromatization Procedure for Dihydro-2-pyridones1A. I. Meyers and G. Garcia-MunozCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 6, 1435–1438Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01029a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01029a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts