gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Codon Substitution Mutations at Two Positions in the L Polymerase Protein of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Yield Viruses with a Spectrum of Attenuation In Vivo and Increased Phenotypic Stability In Vitro (2004)

The Y942H and L992F temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuating amino acid substitution mutations, previously identified in the L polymerase of the HPIV3cp45 vaccine candidate, were introduced into homologous positions of the L polymerase of recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rHPIV1). In rHPIV1, the Y942H mutation specified the ts phenotype in vitro and the attenuation (att) phenotype in hamsters, whereas the L992F mutation specified neither phenotype. Each of these codon mutations was generated by a single nucleotide substitution and therefore had the potential to readily revert to a codon specifying the wild-type amino acid residue. We introduced alternative amino acid assignments at codon 942 or 992 as a strategy to increase genetic stability and to generate mutants that exhibit a range of attenuation. Twenty-three recombinants with codon substitutions at position 942 or 992 of the L protein were viable. One highly ts and att mutant, the Y942A virus, which had a difference of three nucleotides from the codon encoding a wild-type tyrosine, also possessed a high level of genetic and phenotypic stability upon serial passage in vitro at restrictive temperatures compared to that of the parent Y942H virus, which possessed a single nucleotide substitution. We obtained mutants with substitutions at position 992 that, in contrast to the L992F virus, possessed the ts and att phenotypes. These findings identify the use of alternative codon substitution mutations as a method that can be used to generate candidate vaccine viruses with increased genetic stability and/or a modified level of attenuation.
Measurement and imaging of water concentration in human cornea with differential absorption optical coherence tomography (2003)

We present measurements of water absorption in human cornea in vitro with a differential absorption optical coherence tomography (DAOCT) technique. This technique uses two OCT images recorded simultaneously with two different light sources, one centered within (1488nm) and one centered outside (1312nm) of a water absorption band. We investigated the cornea under different conditions: First, a series of OCT images was recorded at different hydration states of the cornea, starting from a normally hydrated cornea to an almost completely dehydrated cornea. To investigate the influence of scattering on our measurements, the dehydrated cornea was re-hydrated with Deuterium oxide, which shows similar optical properties like water, but negligible absorption in the used wavelength region, and a similar series of OCT images was recorded. For a quantitative analysis, we averaged the OCT signals over adjacent A-Scans and performed a linear regression analysis of the logarithmic OCT signals versus imaging depth in the cornea for each wavelength. The difference of the slopes corresponds to the difference in the absorption coefficient, if the difference in the scattering coefficient is negligible. With the known difference in the absorption cross section it is possible to calculate the mean water concentration of the cornea.
Erythrokinetics. IV. The Plasma Iron Turnover as a Measure of Erythropoiesis (1957)

Abstract Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to define more clearly the significance of the plasma iron turnover. It has been shown that the plasma iron turnover is not affected by the rate of red cell destruction and to only a limited extent by increased body stores. It does, however, reflect the degree of erythroid marrow activity and is a sensitive indicator for measuring changes in such activity. A series of 85 studies in normal subjects and in patients with various hematologic disorders were carried out to define the range of response with anemia and to assess the clinical value of the plasma iron turnover as an index of erythropoiesis. In states of marrow hyperfunction it is increased from 3 to 6 times normal and may be depressed to approximately half normal with marrow hypofunction. The plasma iron turnover is increased with marrow dyspoiesis. This increase is a measure of total erythropoiesis and does not indicate the production of viable red cells.
A Low Complexity System Based on Multiple Weighted Decision Trees for Indoor Localization (2015)

Indoor position estimation has become an attractive research topic due to growing interest in location-aware services. Nevertheless, satisfying solutions have not been found with the considerations of both accuracy and system complexity. From the perspective of lightweight mobile devices, they are extremely important characteristics, because both the processor power and energy availability are limited. Hence, an indoor localization system with high computational complexity can cause complete battery drain within a few hours. In our research, we use a data mining technique named boosting to develop a localization system based on multiple weighted decision trees to predict the device location, since it has high accuracy and low computational complexity. The localization system is built using a dataset from sensor fusion, which combines the strength of radio signals from different wireless local area network access points and device orientation information from a digital compass built-in mobile device, so that extra sensors are unnecessary. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system leads to substantial improvements on computational complexity over the widely-used traditional fingerprinting methods, and it has a better accuracy than they have.
Glucose oxidase-immobilized benzoquinone-carbon paste electrode as a glucose sensor. (1985)

Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of a p-benzoquinone-carbon paste electrode by coating the enzyme-loaded surface with a nitrocellulose film. The electrode was able to oxidize glucose electrocatalytically. It showed high current response to glucose, and was stable for more than a week. The electrode can be used as a glucose sensor that is relatively insensitive to variations of oxygen tension in sample solutions.
Repeatability of multimode Rayleigh-wave dispersion studies (2003)

Abstract Rayleigh-wave dispersion is used to study the near-surface elastic properties of a thick, lacustrine clay to approximately 10 m depth. Ten repeated sets of Rayleigh dispersion curves were obtained through late spring to early fall. A variety of methodologies were used to extract the dispersion curves, buta modified frequency-ray parameter (f−p) method most successfully yields dispersion curves for the first three Rayleigh modes. The Rayleigh-wave velocities varied from 100 to ∼350 m/s with frequency over the band from 75 to 10 Hz. Over this band, these velocities did not measurably vary during the study period. The observed phase velocity curves were inverted with P-wave and density values obtained from shallow coring to obtain the shear-wave velocity structure at the site down to &amp;gt;14 m. This case study highlights the robust, repeatable, nature of surface wave dispersion methods when care is taken in the acquisition of field data.
[Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.1 and 0.03 p.100 adapalene gel and 0.025 p.100 tretinoin gel in the treatment of acne]. (1996)

The topical treatment of acne with adapalene gels was found to be safe and effective, with a dose-related response. The efficacy of 0.1 p. 100 adapalene gel and of 0.025 p. 100 tretinoin gel are not different but skin tolerance of 0.1 p. 100 adapalene gel is superior.
Effect of Molecular Architecture on Cell Interactions and Stealth Properties of PEG (2017)

PEGylation, covalent attachment of PEG to therapeutic biomolecules, in which suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles limiting their therapeutic utility are of concern, is a widely applied technology. However, this technology has been challenged by reduced bioactivity of biomolecules upon PEGylation and immunogenicity of PEG triggering immune response and abrogating clinical efficacy, which collectively necessitate development of stealth polymer alternatives. Here we demonstrate that comb-shape poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA), a stealth polymer alternative, has a more compact structure than PEG and self-organize into nanoparticles in a molecular weight dependent manner. Most notably, we show that comb-shape POEGMA promotes significantly higher cellular uptake and exhibits less steric hindrance imposed on the conjugated biomolecule than PEG. Collectively, comb-shape POEGMA offers a versatile alternative to PEG for stealth polymer-biomolecule conjugation applications.
Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI) (2002)

In patients with AMI, intracoronary infusion of autologous progenitor cells appears to be feasible and safe and may beneficially affect postinfarction remodeling processes.
Mechanism of Assembly of the Tyrosyl Radical-Diiron(III) Cofactor of E. Coli Ribonucleotide Reductase: 1. Moessbauer Characterization of the Diferric Radical Precursor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Assembly of the Tyrosyl Radical-Diiron(III) Cofactor of E. Coli Ribonucleotide Reductase: 1. Moessbauer Characterization of the Diferric Radical PrecursorNatarajan Ravi, J. Martin Bollinger Jr., Boi Hanh Huynh, JoAnne Stubbe, and Dale E. EdmondsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8007–8014Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00097a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views695Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signaling through CD40 and interleukin‐4 receptor: role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36 (1996)

The role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and CD40 signaling in negative regulation of apoptosis in human Ramos B cells induced in response to different agents was investigated. CD40 ligation protected cells from apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore through an initial, rapid and apparently Bcl-2-independent mechanism, associated with up-regulation of Bcl-XL. However, rescue from apoptosis induced by inhibition of macromolecular synthesis required several hours of prior stimulation with CD40 ligand/antibody and was accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2. In contrast, IL-4 did not up-regulate Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL and did not inhibit apoptosis induced by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. However, IL-4 did protect Ramos cells from apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore and this effect was accompanied by inhibition of ionophore-induced expression of an immediate early gene encoding a 36-kDa zinc-finger protein, Berg36. Antisense blockade of Berg36 expression partially inhibited ionophore-induced apoptosis to an extent commensurate with the level of IL-4 protection, implicating Berg36 function as a requirement for apoptosis induced through calcium signaling and as a target for IL-4 through which this cytokine inhibits apoptosis in Ramos B cells. These distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis by CD40 and IL-4 may help explain the co-operative roles of these T cell-derived signals for B cell survival.
Tracing the Origin of Glomerular Extracapillary Lesions from Parietal Epithelial Cells (2009)

Cellular lesions form in Bowman's space in both crescentic glomerulonephritis and collapsing glomerulopathy. The pathomechanism and origin of the proliferating cells in these lesions are unknown. In this study, we examined proliferating cells by lineage tracing of either podocytes or parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in the nephrotoxic nephritis model of inflammatory crescentic glomerulonephritis. In addition, we traced the fate of genetically labeled PECs in the Thy-1.1 transgenic mouse model of collapsing glomerulopathy. In both models, cellular bridges composed of PECs were observed between Bowman's capsule and the glomerular tuft. Genetically labeled PECs also populated larger, more advanced cellular lesions. In these lesions, we detected de novo expression of CD44 in activated PECs. In contrast, we rarely identified genetically labeled podocytes within the cellular lesions of crescentic glomerulonephritis. In conclusion, PECs constitute the majority of cells that compose early extracapillary proliferative lesions in both crescentic glomerulonephritis and collapsing glomerulopathy, suggesting similar pathomechanisms in both diseases.
Bioinformatics construction of the human cell surfaceome (2009)

Cell surface proteins are excellent targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. By using bioinformatics tools, we generated a catalog of 3,702 transmembrane proteins located at the surface of human cells (human cell surfaceome). We explored the genetic diversity of the human cell surfaceome at different levels, including the distribution of polymorphisms, conservation among eukaryotic species, and patterns of gene expression. By integrating expression information from a variety of sources, we were able to identify surfaceome genes with a restricted expression in normal tissues and/or differential expression in tumors, important characteristics for putative tumor targets. A high-throughput and efficient quantitative real-time PCR approach was used to validate 593 surfaceome genes selected on the basis of their expression pattern in normal and tumor samples. A number of candidates were identified as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colorectal tumors and glioblastoma. Several candidate genes were also identified as coding for cell surface cancer/testis antigens. The human cell surfaceome will serve as a reference for further studies aimed at characterizing tumor targets at the surface of human cells.
Thirty Electrons “Trapped” in a Spherical Matrix: A Molybdenum Oxide-Based Nanostructured Keplerate Reduced by 36 Electrons (2000)

Thirty electrons are frozen on the O = Mo(H2O) groups which function as spacer units between the {(Mo)Mo5} building units of the giant {Mo102} sphere 1 (the picture shows a wireframe representation in which the spacer units are represented as a darker shade).
Conditional Lethality Yields a New Vaccine Strain ofListeria monocytogenesfor the Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity (2005)

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can enter phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and colonize their cytosols. Taking advantage of this property to generate an intracellular vaccine delivery vector, we previously described a mutant strain of L. monocytogenes, Deltadal Deltadat, which is unable to synthesize cell wall by virtue of deletions in two genes (dal and dat) required for d-alanine synthesis. This highly attenuated strain induced long-lived protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice when administered in the transient presence of d-alanine. We have now increased the usefulness of this organism as a vaccine vector by use of an inducible complementation system that obviates the need for exogenous d-alanine administration. The strain expresses a copy of the Bacillus subtilis racemase gene under the control of a tightly regulated isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter present on a multicopy plasmid. This bacterium demonstrates strict dose-dependent growth in the presence of IPTG. After removal of inducer, bacterial growth ceased within two replication cycles. Following infection of mice in the absence of IPTG or d-alanine, the bacterium survived in vivo for less than 3 days. Nevertheless, a single immunization elicited a state of long-lasting protective immunity against wild-type L. monocytogenes and induced a subset of effector listeriolysin O-specific CD11a(+) CD8(+) T cells in spleen and other tissues that was strongly enhanced after secondary immunization. This improved L. monocytogenes vector system may have potential use as a live vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus, other infectious diseases, and cancer.
Estimating routing congestion using probabilistic analysis (2002)

Design routability is a major concern in the application-specific design flow, particularly with today's increasingly aggressive process technology nodes. Increased die areas, cell densities, routing layers, and net count all contribute to complex interconnect requirements, which can significantly deteriorate performance and sometimes lead to unroutable solutions. Congestion analysis and optimization must be performed early in the design cycle to improve routability. This paper presents a congestion estimation algorithm for a placed net list. We propose a net-based stochastic model for computing expected horizontal and vertical track usage, which considers routing blockages. The main advantages of this algorithm are its accuracy and fast runtime. We show that the congestion estimated by this algorithm correlates well with postroute congestion and present experimental results of subsequent congestion minimization based on this algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Anticancer and Radioprotective Activities of Some New Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines Containing Amino Acid Moieties. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Two Distinct Pathways of Protein Kinase Cα Down-regulation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2004)

Signal transduction pathways are controlled by desensitization mechanisms, which can affect receptors and/or downstream signal transducers. It has long been recognized that members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of signal transduction molecules undergo down-regulation in response to activation. Previous reports have indicated that key steps in PKCalpha desensitization include caveolar internalization, priming site dephosphorylation, ubiquitination of the dephosphorylated protein, and degradation by the proteasome. In the current study, comparative analysis of PKCalpha processing induced by the PKC agonists phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and bryostatin 1 in IEC-18 rat intestinal epithelial cells demonstrates that: (a) at least two pathways of PKCalpha down-regulation can co-exist within cells, and (b) a single PKC agonist can activate both pathways at the same time. Using a combined biochemical and morphological approach, we identify a novel pathway of PKCalpha desensitization that involves ubiquitination of mature, fully phosphorylated activated enzyme at the plasma membrane and subsequent down-regulation by the proteasome. The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A accelerated PKCalpha down-regulation and inhibitors of vesicular trafficking did not prevent degradation of the protein, indicating that neither internalization nor priming site dephosphorylation are requisite intermediate steps in this ubiquitin/proteasome dependent pathway of PKCalpha down-regulation. Instead, caveolar trafficking and dephosphorylation are involved in a second, proteasome-independent mechanism of PKCalpha desensitization in this system. Our findings highlight subcellular distribution and phosphorylation state as critical determinants of PKCalpha desensitization pathways.
Biophysical Investigations of Complement Receptor 2 (CD21 and CR2)-Ligand Interactions Reveal Amino Acid Contacts Unique to Each Receptor-Ligand Pair (2010)

Human complement receptor type 2 (CR2 and CD21) is a cell membrane receptor, with 15 or 16 extracellular short consensus repeats (SCRs), that promotes B lymphocyte responses and bridges innate and acquired immunity. The most distally located SCRs, SCR1-2, mediate the interaction of CR2 with its four known ligands (C3d, EBV gp350, IFNalpha, and CD23). To ascertain specific interacting residues on CR2, we utilized NMR studies wherein gp350 and IFNalpha were titrated into (15)N-labeled SCR1-2, and chemical shift changes indicative of specific inter-molecular interactions were identified. With backbone assignments made, the chemical shift changes were mapped onto the crystal structure of SCR1-2. With regard to gp350, the binding region of CR2 is primarily focused on SCR1 and the inter-SCR linker, specifically residues Asn(11), Arg(13), Ala(22), Arg(28), Ser(32), Arg(36), Lys(41), Lys(57), Tyr(64), Lys(67), Tyr(68), Arg(83), Gly(84), and Arg(89). With regard to IFNalpha, the binding is similar to the CR2-C3d interaction with specific residues being Arg(13), Tyr(16), Arg(28), Ser(42), Lys(48), Lys(50), Tyr(68), Arg(83), Gly(84), and Arg(89). We also report thermodynamic properties of each ligand-receptor pair determined using isothermal titration calorimetry. The CR2-C3d interaction was characterized as a two-mode binding interaction with K(d) values of 0.13 and 160 microm, whereas the CR2-gp350 and CR2-IFNalpha interactions were characterized as single site binding events with affinities of 0.014 and 0.035 microm, respectively. The compilation of chemical binding maps suggests specific residues on CR2 that are uniquely important in each of these three binding interactions.
Should carcinoembryonic antigen be used in the management of patients with colorectal cancer? (1999)

Preoperative carcinoembryionic antigen is a very important prognostic indicator and should be considered in future trials. Postoperative carcinoembryionic antigen elevation is a very sensitive marker of recurrence and even of asymptomatic recurrence, but its impact on overall survival does not seem to be relevant. Nevertheless, carcinoembryionic antigen should continue to be used in colorectal cancer patients until better methods of diagnosis and treatment of recurrence are developed.