gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Integration Patterns (2003)

Integration of applications and business processes is a top priority for many enterprises today. Requirements for improved customer service or self-service, rapidly changing business environments and support for mergers and acquisitions are major drivers for increased integration between existing “stovepipe” systems. Very few new business applications are being developed or deployed without a major focus on integration, essentially making integratability a defining quality of enterprise applications.
Two Common Chromosome 8q24 Variants Are Associated with Increased Risk for Prostate Cancer (2007)

Two variants (rs1447295/DG8S737) of chromosome 8q24 were recently reported to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PC). To confirm this finding, we genotyped and compared the frequencies of these polymorphisms among 1,121 Caucasian men with PC (435 men with familial PC, 491 men with sporadic PC, and 195 men with aggressive PC) to 545 population-based controls. For the single nucleotide polymorphism marker rs1447295, frequencies of the minor allele (A) were 10.3% in controls, 11.9% in sporadic cases, 16.7% in familial cases, and 17.2% in aggressive cases. Compared with controls, the A allele was significantly more common in both familial PC [odds ratios (OR), 1.93; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.37-2.72; P = 0.0004] and aggressive PC (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.28-2.74; P = 0.0005) but not for sporadic PC (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.85-1.58; P = 0.25). Although the A allele was more frequent in aggressive PC cases when compared with controls, the allele frequencies were similar among cases with high- and low-grade PC (Gleason grades <7 and >/=7, respectively). For the microsatellite marker DG8S737, the -8 allele was significantly more frequent in familial PC (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.09-2.60; P = 0.031), whereas the -10 allele was more frequent in aggressive PC (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.52-5.36; P = 0.0004). Haplotype analysis showed significant differences in haplotype frequencies between the familial PC (P = 0.006) and aggressive PC (P = 0.005) cases versus controls. The -8/A haplotype showed the strongest association with familial PC (P = 0.008), whereas the -10/A haplotype was most strongly associated with aggressive PC (P = 0.00005). These results further confirm the importance of these two polymorphic variants (rs1447295 and DG8S737) as risk factors for PC. However, the mechanism explaining this increased risk has not yet been established.
The mannose receptor functions as a high capacity and broad specificity antigen receptor in human dendritic cells (1997)

Dendritic cells, in contrast to B lymphocytes, must be able to efficiently internalize a diverse array of antigens for processing and loading onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Here we characterize the mannose receptor pathway in dendritic cells and show that mannose receptor-mediated uptake of antigens results in a approximately 100-fold more efficient presentation to T cells, as compared to antigens internalized via fluid phase. Immunocytochemistry as well as subcellular fractionation revealed the localization of the mannose receptor and MHC class II molecules in distinct subcellular compartments. The mannose receptor thus functions in rapid internalization and concentration of a variety of glycosylated antigens that become available for processing and presentation. This may contribute to the unique capacity of dendritic cells to generate primary T cell responses against infectious agents.
Sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV operates as a dominant modifier of hemostasis by concealing asialoglycoprotein receptor ligands (2002)

A number of poorly characterized genetic modifiers contribute to the extensive variability of von Willebrand disease, the most prevalent bleeding disorder in humans. We find that a genetic lesion inactivating the murine ST3Gal-IV sialyltransferase causes a bleeding disorder associated with an autosomal dominant reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and an autosomal recessive thrombocytopenia. Although both ST3Gal-IV and ST6Gal-I sialyltransferases mask galactose linkages implicated as asialoglycoprotein receptor ligands, only ST3Gal-IV deficiency promotes asialoglycoprotein clearance mechanisms with a reduction in plasma levels of VWF and platelets. Exposed galactose on VWF was also found in a subpopulation of humans with abnormally low VWF levels. Oligosaccharide branch-specific sialylation by the ST3Gal-IV sialyltransferase is required to sustain the physiologic half-life of murine hemostatic components and may be an important modifier of plasma VWF level in humans.
A package for automatic parallelization of serial C-programs for distributed systems (2002)

Problems arising due to run existent software in parallel computer systems are considered. The problem may be formulated as the serial programs should be analyzed first and then through modification of them are to be brought in to make them able to run in parallel computers. The problems that arise have been analyzed and ways to tackle them are given. The structure of programming package is given. It is substantiated that for most sequential programs the major share of time spent for their execution is accounted for by processing loops. Three loop parallelization methods have been selected for implementation of programs: method of coordinates, method of linear transformations, and modified method of linear-piece parallelization. The dependence graph construction principles are expounded and scheduling methods are enumerated.
EINSTEIN, LA RELATIVIDAD (1966)

EL DOCTOR NABOR CARRILLO DICTO UNA CONFERENCIA EN EL AUDITORIO DE LA FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA, EL TEMA FUE EINSTEIN Y LA RELATIVIDAD. LA TEORIA DE LA RELATIVIDAD ES UN ASUNTO MAGICO Y MISTERIOSO NO SOLO PARA QUIENES NO TIENEN ESTUDIOS ESPECIALIZADOS, SINO TAMBIEN PARA LOS MAS DEDICADOS FISICOS Y MATEMATICOS, Y HA NACIDO DE UN EXTRAORDINARIO ROMANCE DE UN HOMBRE CON LA LUZ, DEL AMOR DE EISNTEIN CON LA LUZ. PARA FINALIZAR, EL DOCTOR CARRILLO, EXPLICO LA PELICULA DE LAS PRUEBAS ATOMICAS EN EL ATOLON DE BIKINI, Y SU ULTIMO MENSAJE CONSISTIO EN UNA EXHORTACION A LA PAZ, LO UNICO QUE DERROTARA LA BOMBA ATOMICA ES LA PAZ.
Using ambient audio in secure mobile phone communication (2012)

We study the use of ambient audio as a seed to non-interactively and communication-free generate a secure cryptographic key among mobile distributed devices. We have implemented an ambient audio-based secure device pairing on android mobile phones. This paper discusses practical problems we encountered related to hardware, environment and time synchronisation, introduces approaches for feature generation and details results from our experimental case studies. In the case study, we consider the impact of inter-device distance on the quality of generated keys.
Sugar sensing utilizing aggregation properties of boronic-acid-appended porphyrins and metalloporphyrins (1994)

It has been shown that saccharides in water can be sensitively detected by a boronic-acid-appended porphyrin (1) and its metal complexes (2M2+). The idea is based on the phenomenon that absorption and fluorescence spectra of porphyrins change sensitively in response to a shift in the aggregation–deaggregation equilibrium and that the self-association of saccharides with boronic acids in water affects this equilibrium. Among four monosaccharides tested in detail, the spectral change occurs in the order D-fructose > D-arabinose > D-mannose > D-glucose. In 2M2+ the saccharide-binding process is detectable visually through the colour change. The saccharide-induced fluorescence changes are very large because 1 and 2M2+ aggregates are almost non-fluorescent whereas monomeric 1 and 2M2+ generated by saccharide-binding are strongly fluorescent. This is a novel method for sugar sensing, useful in an aqueous system.
Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment (1990)

Hyperthermia, used as an adjunct to radiation therapy, can increase tumor regression significantly. When used as a local (as opposed to regional or systemic) modality, proper treatment requires detailed knowledge of tumor and normal tissue geometry, and physiologic parameters such as perfusion and thermal conductivity. A brief review of local heating techniques and details of two techniques used to treat brain tumors are provided: Scan Focused Ultrasound and Interstitial Ferromagnetic Seed Implants. These techniques require the most sophisticated use of diagnostic radiology methods. Data from several modalities such as CT, MRI, angiography, and xenon CT perfusion studies must be merged into a consistent data set. This data set must be indexed precisely relative to the treatment apparatus. Real-time noninvasive temperature monitoring of the treatment field has not been achieved at this time, but is of interest to researchers in hyperthermia.
Vapor–Liquid–Solid and Vapor–Solid Growth of Phase-Change Sb2Te3 Nanowires and Sb2Te3/GeTe Nanowire Heterostructures (2008)

We report the synthesis and characterization of radial heterostructures composed of an antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) core and a germanium telluride (GeTe) shell, as well as an improved synthesis of Sb2Te3 nanowires. The synthesis of the heterostructures employs Au-catalyst-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and vapor-solid (VS) mechanisms. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry indicates that Sb and Ge are localized in the Sb2Te3 and GeTe portions, respectively, confirming the alloy-free composition in the core/shell heterostructures. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction studies show that Sb2Te3 and GeTe regions exhibit rhombohedral crystal structure. Both Sb2Te3 and GeTe grow along the [110] direction with an epitaxial interface between them. Electrical characterization of individual nanowires and nanowire heterostructures demonstrates that these nanostructures exhibit memory-switching behavior.
Inhaled insulin: new technology, new possibilities (2006)

The prevalence of diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions with an increasing need for new therapies. Several new therapies are in development and amongst these is inhaled insulin. Inhaled insulin is a novel way of delivering insulin and has been shown to have an efficacy comparable to subcutaneous insulin in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Several inhaled insulin delivery systems are currently in development and the first of these, Exubera has recently been granted license in Europe and in the USA. In this article we review the efficacy and safety profile of Exubera and discuss its potential place in the management of diabetes.
Pestivirus gene expression: the first protein product of the bovine viral diarrhea virus large open reading frame, p20, possesses proteolytic activity (1991)

The positive-strand RNA genome of pestiviruses contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) extending its entire length and is capable of encoding 450 kDa of protein. Studies have been undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of the complete complement of pestivirus proteins. Here, we report on gene expression at the 5' end of the genome of the prototype pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). We demonstrate, using both a cell-free transcription-translation system and a mammalian-cell transient-expression system, that the first protein product of the large ORF of BVDV, the p20 protein, possesses a specific proteolytic activity. The p20 proteinase activity acts to release the p20 protein from the nascent polyprotein. The p20 proteinase activity is not, however, required for downstream glycoprotein processing, indicating translocation of the pestivirus glycoprotein precursor is affected by an internal signal sequence.
Comparison of toluidine blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy and conventional scaling treatment for periodontitis in rats (2007)

Toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy could effectively treat periodontitis in vivo and has high potential in clinical application.
Non-Invasive Forest Litter Characterization Using Full-Wave Inversion of Microwave Radar Data (2014)

Litter is acknowledged to affect microwave remote sensing data over forests, and accurate quantification of litter radiative properties is essential for proper retrieval of forest soil water content and forest canopy biophysical characteristics from satellite or airborne sensors. Furthermore, detailed characterization of forest soil organic horizons is of paramount importance for ecological studies and for carbon cycle and global changerelated studies. Ultrawideband ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data acquired above beech forest litter were used to analyze the effects of litter on the backscattering and investigate the ability of GPR to quantitatively characterize the properties of the forest floor. Radar measurements were performed over different litter configurations (i.e., single layers of recently fallen litter (OL) or of fragmented litter (OF), and combined OL-OF layers) and thicknesses. Radar data were processed through full-wave inversion. Over the considered frequency range (0.8-4.0 GHz), attenuation of the radar signal increased as both frequency and litter thickness increase, due to scattering and dielectric losses. These effects were accounted for in the radar model through frequency dependence of litter apparent electrical conductivity. Good agreement (RMSE = 9.5 × 10-3 m) was observed between estimated and measured litter thicknesses. Radar data inversions provided reliable estimates of litter electromagnetic properties, with relative dielectric permittivity values around 1.2 and 3.9 for OL and OF litters, respectively, and corresponding values of 0.032 and 0.080 Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for litter apparent electrical conductivity at 4.0 GHz. These results show great promise for the use of GPR for noninvasive characterization of forest litter.
Uniform CW operation of multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers fabricated by mask molecular beam epitaxy (1996)

Monolithically integrated four-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays are fabricated by mask molecular beam epitaxy. The lasing wavelengths are spaced by 5 nm, and their standard deviation for 10/spl times/12 VCSELs ranges from 0.27-0.38 nm. Uniform threshold current and 1.5-mW light output are achieved under continuous wave conditions.
Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Treatment Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Survival (2008)

Among CRC cases, disparities in treatment and SES largely explain the observed decreased survival of African-Americans, underscoring the importance of health disparity research in this disease.
The Use of HMAC-RIPEMD-160-96 within ESP and AH (2000)

This memo describes the use of the HMAC algorithm [RFC 2104] in conjunction with the RIPEMD-160 algorithm [RIPEMD-160] as an authentication mechanism within the revised IPSEC Encapsulating Security Payload [ESP] and the revised IPSEC Authentication Header [AH].HMAC with RIPEMD-160 provides data origin authentication and integrity protection.Further information on the other components necessary for ESP and AH implementations is provided by [Thayer97a].
Screening for Resistance to Leaf Spot Diseases of Spinach (2008)

The entire U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) germplasm collection (338 accessions) and 22 commercial cultivars were evaluated for resistance to leaf spot caused by Stemphylium botryosum in a greenhouse trial with two replications in 2004. The resistant and susceptible accessions identified as well as the 22 commercial cultivars were included in a second test in 2005 with four replications to confirm the results. No genotype was completely resistant (immune) to the disease. However, there were significant differences in disease incidence (percent of plants with leaf spot) and severity (percent diseased leaf area) among the genotypes tested. Two accessions from Turkey, PI 169685 and PI 173809, consistently had low disease incidence and severity ratings. Two Spinacia tetrandra and four Spinacia turkestanica accessions screened in these public germplasm tests were all susceptible. None of the commercial cultivars tested consistently had low disease incidence or severity. There was no significant correlation between disease incidence/severity and leaf type (smooth, semisavoy, or savoy). In addition to the public germplasm evaluated, 138 proprietary spinach genotypes (breeding lines and cultivars) were obtained from seed companies and screened along with 10 accessions from the USDA germplasm collection for resistance to Stemphylium leaf spot and Cladosporium leaf spot (caused by Cladosporium variabile ) in a greenhouse in both 2004 and 2005. Significant differences in severity of leaf spot were observed among the genotypes for both diseases. For each disease, there was a significant positive correlation in severity ratings of the genotypes between the 2004 and 2005 trials. Information on the relative resistance (or susceptibility) of the spinach germplasm evaluated in this study should be useful for plant breeders to develop leaf spot-resistant cultivars.
Liquid Chromatography—Its Development and Key Role in Life Science Applications (2010)

Liquid chromatographic methods cover the broadest range of applications imaginable today. Nowhere is this more evident and relevant than in the life sciences, where identification of target substances relevant in disease mechanisms is performed down to the femtomole level. On the other hand, purification of therapeutic drugs on a multi-ton scale is performed by process LC. The complexity and abundance range of biological systems in combination with the extreme purity requirements for drug manufacturing are the challenges that can be mastered today by chromatography, after more than a century of research and development. However, significant improvement is still required for a better understanding of the scientific fundamentals of the underlying phenomena and exploiting those for an enhanced quality of live.
Switch from a dominant Th1‐associated immune profile during the pre‐diabetic phase in favour of a temporary increase of a Th3‐associated and inflammatory immune profile at the onset of type 1 diabetes (2009)

A dominant Th1-associated immune profile was observed during the pre-diabetic phase. This Th1 dominance, however, diminished in favour of a temporary increase in a Th3-associated and inflammatory immune profile at the onset of disease.
Cl- permeability of human sweat duct cells monitored with fluorescence-digital imaging microscopy: evidence for reduced plasma membrane Cl- permeability in cystic fibrosis. (1989)

Salt reabsorption by the human sweat duct is markedly reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF). We used fluorescence-digital imaging microscopy in combination with a halide-specific fluorescent dye [6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ)] to determine if this defective salt reabsorption is referable to a reduced plasma membrane Cl- permeability of the epithelial cells that line the sweat duct. Sweat duct cells were cultured from explants of normal and CF reabsorptive duct and loaded with SPQ, the fluorescence of which is specifically quenched by halide ions (Br- greater than Cl-) and provides a relative index of intracellular halide concentration. Two lines of evidence indicate that normal sweat duct cells exhibit a substantial permeability to Cl- and Br-. First, the replacement of extracellular Cl- with an impermeant anion (i.e., gluconate) resulted in a rapid and reversible increase in the intracellular fluorescence, as expected if the cells rapidly lost Cl- to the extracellular media. Second, the replacement of extracellular Cl- with Br- resulted in a rapid and reversible quenching of the intracellular fluorescence, as expected if the cells accumulated Br- (a more effective quencher of SPQ fluorescence) in exchange for Cl-. The rate of fluorescence change that was induced by either maneuver was inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (10 microM). Moreover, CF cells exhibited markedly reduced rates of fluorescence change in response to either maneuver. Our results document the utility of this imaging strategy for assessing the Cl- permeabilities of individual epithelial cells that are affected in cystic fibrosis and indicate that the defective salt reabsorption by the CF sweat duct is referable, at least in part, to a reduced plasma membrane Cl- permeability of sweat duct cells.
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Structure, Function, Pharmacology, and Clinical Indications (2015)

The tremendous therapeutic potential of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)s) has been the subject of many studies in the past and is of intense interest today. Na(v)1.7 channels in particular have received much attention recently because of strong genetic validation of their involvement in nociception. Here we summarize the current status of research in the Na(v) field and present the most relevant recent developments with respect to the molecular structure, general physiology, and pharmacology of distinct Na(v) channel subtypes. We discuss Na(v) channel ligands such as small molecules, toxins isolated from animal venoms, and the recently identified Na(v)1.7-selective antibody. Furthermore, we review eight characterized ligand binding sites on the Na(v) channel α subunit. Finally, we examine possible therapeutic applications of Na(v) ligands and provide an update on current clinical studies.
Active stiffness control of a manipulator in cartesian coordinates (1980)

A method of actively controlling the apparent stiffness of a manipulator end effecter is presented. The approach allows the programmer to specify the three transnational and three rotational stiffness of a frame located arbitrarily in hand coordinates. Control of the nominal position of the hand then permits simultaneous position and force control. Stiffness may be changed under program control to match varying task requirements. A rapid servo algorithm is made possible by transformation of the problem into joint space at run time. Applications examples are given.
Analysis on How to Increase the Efficiency of Dobby (2003)

Based on the analysis of distortion and protraction of warp and form of shedding, the problem that dobby can not fully develop its capacity is located. And some countermeasures are given hereof.
Genome-wide gene expression profiles of ovarian carcinoma: Identification of molecular targets for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma (2009)

This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian carcinogenesis, and to identify candidate molecular targets for its diagnosis and treatment. The genome-wide gene expression profiles of 22 epithelial ovarian carcinomas were analyzed with a microarray representing 38,500 genes, in combination with laser microbeam microdissection. A total of 273 commonly up-regulated transcripts and 387 down-regulated transcripts were identified in the ovarian carcinoma samples. Of the 273 up-regulated transcripts, only 87 (31.9%) were previously reported as up-regulated in microarray studies using bulk cancer tissues and normal ovarian tissues for analysis. CHMP4C (chromatin-modifying protein 4C) was frequently overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma tissue, but not expressed in the normal human tissues used as a control. Our data should contribute to an improved understanding of tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer, and aid in the development of diagnostic tumor markers and molecular-targeting therapy for patients with the disease.
A Pilot Study on the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Spasmodic Torticollis (1985)

Dystonic torticollis has been treated with local injections of botulinum toxin in a single blind study of 12 patients. A significant decrease of abnormal movements was recorded, and pain improved. Further studies are desirable to define the optimum dosage and site for injections, and the long term effects of repeated injections.