gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic phenomena in advanced photomasks (2005)

The adoption of resolution enhancement techniques (RET) for subwavelength lithography relies on performing accurate simulation of mask effects. Although topography effects have been successfully used in RET flows, the impact of electromagnetic effects such as surface plasmons tend to be ignored. It is known, however, from the performance of “C-shaped” apertures that extraordinary transmission and opacity can be achieved using these electromagnetic effects. We have examined simulations for representative 45nm features using both conventional and novel finite difference time domain simulators. When the mask material is assumed to be conducting chromium, we found that electromagnetic effects appear to be significant and highly dependent on polarization. This may place additional constraints on the specification of mask material composition for these integrated circuit generations.
Self-assembly in green solvents (2005)

Recent advances in design of surfactants and polymers for liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide, and partially fluorinated alkanes, are reviewed. The focus is on surfactant structure-performance relationships, development of non-fluorinated surfactants, and applications of CO2 continuous dispersions for nanoparticle and organic synthesis. Future prospects for these emerging technologies are discussed, including the need for economically viable and environmentally friendly stabilizers for CO2 dispersions.
Is Sleep Disruption a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease? (2017)

Sleep disturbances are routinely encountered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and affect about 25-40% of patients in the mild-to-moderate stages of the disease. In many, sleep pathology may represent a symptom of the underlying neurodegeneration. However, a history of sleep disruption occurring years prior to onset of cognitive symptoms could represent a potential risk factor for AD. The aim of the present narrative review was to evaluate current evidence linking sleep disturbances with AD development and to understand the mechanisms that may contribute to this. Although the mechanisms by which poor sleep may contribute to AD genesis is not fully understood, emerging evidence linking disturbances in the sleep wake cycle with Aβ deposition is shedding light on the relationship between sleep pathology and the subsequent development of AD. Aβ burden appears to be enhanced by sleep-wake cycle disruptions and is suspected as being an important mechanism by which sleep disruptions contribute in AD development. Other mechanisms triggered by sleep disruption may also be involved in AD development, such as brain hypoxia, oxidative stress, circadian activity rhythms disturbances, overexpression of orexins, and blood-brain barrier impairment. Further understanding of the link between sleep disturbances and future development of AD is still needed before sleep disturbances are clearly marked as a preventable risk factor for AD. In these circumstances, early lifestyle interventions to help increase the quantity and quality of sleep may have a favorable outcome on decreasing the incidence of AD and this needs to be investigated further.
Manipulation of remote 3D Avatar through facial feature detection and real time tracking (2001)

This paper presents a system that computes the head posture using video data captured by a webcam. With a user supplied bounding box of the facial area, the program generates color and gradient maps of the face. These maps are used in combination with other image processing techniques to detect the eyes, nose tip and lips of the user. Using novel methods of eye and lip region tracking, the eye corners and lip centroid points can be continuously tracked in real time. The coordinates of these points serve as inputs for computing the 3D posture of the face. The pose parameters are next Kalman filtered and transmitted over the Internet where it will animate an avatar head to mimic the remote user. The program has been tested on a variety of subjects and is robust in facial feature detection as well as in real-time tracking. The resulting avatar movement closely mimics the movement of its real life counterpart. A framerate of 9fps can be achieved on a Pentium III 600.
Nematicides (2002)

Abstract Few chemical nematicides remain registered for agronomic use because of the deregistration of many soil fumigants. The major chemical nematicides presently available include 1,3‐dichloropropene, metam sodium, methyl bromide, aldicarb, oxamyl, ethoprop, and fenamiphos. Most of these face additional future restrictions. Various formulations and application techniques are utilized in order to maximize nematicidal efficacy and minimize atmospheric or groundwater contamination. Although resistance of plant‐parasitic nematodes to chemical nematicides in agricultural fields is insignificant, in some cases, enhanced microbial degradation reduces nematicidal effectiveness. Two biopesticidal nematicides are registered in the United States: a chitinous material and a plant extract. Future control of phytoparasitic nematodes will involve increased use of nonchemical, sustainable, or site‐specific management tactics. Fumigants receiving increased research attention as methyl bromide alternatives include the registered sodium tetrathiocarbonate and the unregistered methyl iodide and propargyl bromide. In addition, phytochemicals and other biorational chemicals are providing leads for discovering future nematicides. Future implementation of safe and effective chemical nematode management will be challenging.
Substitutions of Proline 42 to Alanine and Methionine 46 to Asparagine around the RGD Domain of the Neurotoxin Dendroaspin Alter Its Preferential Antagonism to That Resembling the Disintegrin Elegantin (1996)

Previous studies have shown that the neurotoxin dendroaspin and the disintegrin kistrin, which show little overall sequence homology but similar residues around RGD (PRGDMP), preferentially inhibited platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. In contrast, the elegantin which has different amino acids around RGD (ARGDNP) preferentially inhibited platelet adhesion to fibronectin. To investigate further the role of amino acids around RGD in disintegrins, we have constructed the genes of a wild-type and of two mutant dendroaspins with substitutions around the RGD, namely [Asn46]- and [Ala42,Asn46]-dendroaspins. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione S-transferase fusion recombinants and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Platelet aggregation studies revealed that wild-type dendroaspin showed an IC50 value similar to that of native dendroaspin, with [Ala42,Asn46]-dendroaspin showing an IC50 value similar to that of elegantin. Interestingly, in platelet adhesion assays, the mutants showed a progressive shift in inhibitory preference, in particular, [Ala42,Asn46]dendroaspin showed nearly identical behavior as elegantin when fibronectin was the immobilized ligand (IC50 = 0.33 microM and 0.6 microM, respectively, compared with 20 microM for native dendroaspin). Native and recombinant wild-type dendroaspin bound to a single class of binding site exhibiting a Kd = 67 nM; [Asn46]- and [Ala42,Asn46]dendroaspins, however, both produced biphasic isotherms with Kd values = 87 nM and 361 nM for [Asn46]dendroaspin and 33 nM and 371 nM for [Ala42,Asn46]dendroaspin, which are close to those of elegantin (Kd values = 18 nM and 179 nM). These studies prove that the amino acids flanking RGD provide an extended locus that regulate the affinity and selectivity of RGD protein dendroaspin.
High Capacity Radio over Fiber Transmission Links (2011)

This thesis expands the state-of-the-art on the detection of high speed wireless signals using optics. Signal detection at speeds over 1 Gbps at carrier Radio Frequency (RF) ranging from 5 GHz to 100 GHz have been achieved by applying novel concepts on optical digital coherent receivers. This achievement has satisfied the requirements on transmission robustness and high capacity of next generation hybrid optical fibre-wireless networks. One important contribution of this thesis is the novel concept of photonic downconversion with free-running pulsed laser source for phase modulated Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) links. This scheme operates without high frequency electronics at the digital coherent receiver for the detection of high bitrate wireless signals. Based on this concept, I have experimentally demonstrated the recovery of up to 3.2 Gbps 16-QAM signal modulated at 40 GHz RF carrier. At that time, it was the highest bitrate reported of a wireless signal, with complex modulation format, detected using photonic means. I have developed an analytical model to support the experimental results and performed a linearity characterization to establish engineering design rules for this type of links. The results confirmed that this configuration provides high linear end-to-end transmission links and is capable of transparent transport of high spectral efficient modulation formats. Furthermore, this thesis introduces a novel approach for the generation and detection of high speed wireless signals in mm-wave frequencies at carrier frequencies exceeding 60 GHz, using photonic baseband technologies. For signal generation, high spectral-efficient optical modulation technologies are used together with optical heterodyning. In the detection side, the mm-wave signal is modulated in the optical domain and received using digital coherent detection. The experimental demonstration tested the generation and detection in the 60 GHz and 75-110 GHz bands of signals with capacity up to 40 Gbps. Those results reported the highest bitrate at mm-wave frequencies for signal generation and detection using photonic methods at the time of the writing of this thesis. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of photonic technologies for the generation, distribution and detection of high speed wireless signals. Furthermore, it opens the prospects for next generation hybrid wireless-wired access networks providing ultra-high capacities.
Munitions production - An expensive business (2012)

Being self-reliant in the production of ammunition seems sensible for any country, but especially so for an island continent. However, making sure the three services have enough bullets, bombs, artillery rounds and explosives available in Australia for all realistic contingencies has been a more expensive undertaking than was anticipated in the mid-1990s when the issue first received critical analysis. Up until the Defence reforms of that decade, the country had a myriad of facilities that were rationalized, amalgamated and gathered under the umbrella - along with a lot of other things - of Government owned Australian Defence Industries (ADI).
Processing by Data and Program Blocks (1978)

A processing system is presented that implements simultaneously the efficiency of the special-purpose processor and the total applicability of the general-purpose computer—characteristics commonly thought of as being mutually exclusive. This is achieved through specializing the machine by programming the hardware structure, rather than by adding software systems to it. Data are organized in circulating pages which form a multiplicity of local dynamic memories for each process. Programs are made up of modules, each describing a transient special-purpose machine. A characteristic of this approach is that the processes are data-driven, rather than program-driven. The programming language presents significant flexibility and efficiency in modeling certain classes of problems, and it may be of interest as an implementation model in a broader context. Applications to real-time processing of radar signals are reported. The relevance of characteristics of this system to problems in multiprogramming and multiprocessing systems is discussed.
DESCONSTRUIR A PROMISCUIDADE ENTRE O VER E O LER - REFLEXÕES DA CRÍTICA DE LYOTARD À FENOMENOLOGIA DE MERLEAU-PONTY (2013)

apesar de aparente aridez de Discours, Figure de Lyotard, encontramos em suas linhas importantes contribuições para repensarmos as experiências intelectuais francesas depois da década de 50. É o caso por exemplo, de suas críticas a fenomelogia de Merleau-Ponty. Seu protesto é claro: Merleau-Ponty, mesmo tendo ido além de uma filosofia da consciência, ainda estaria preso a uma forma de pensar em que a linguagem coloniza campos que são, a seu ver, de ordens diferentes. É o caso de uma passagem do ver (do visível) ao ler (da linguagem) que, segundo Lyatard, naturalizam uma forma de pensar a negatividade. Este texto busca compreender a crítica de Lyotard a Merleau-Ponty e se pergunta-se se trata de uma crítica pertinente ao fenomenólogo.
Prevalence of Incidental Pancreatic Cysts in the Adult Population on MR Imaging (2010)

The prevalence of incidentally detected pancreatic cysts on MR imaging is 13.5%, and increases with age. A majority of these cysts are not reported on MR imaging studies.
Towards gene therapy for hemophilia B. (1987)

Hemophilia B is an X-chromosome-linked bleeding disorder resulting from lack of clotting factor IX activity and affects about 1 in 30,000 males. Current therapy involves injection of crude factor IX prepared from pooled human plasma. Treatment is complicated by viral contaminants in factor IX preparations, such as non A-non B hepatitis and the AIDS virus, and by the practical difficulties of chronic injections. An alternative therapy might include the insertion of a factor IX expression vector into the somatic cells of affected individuals to allow continued production of factor IX. Toward this end, we have constructed a retrovirus vector for transfer and expression of factor IX. Despite the fact that factor IX is normally synthesized in hepatocytes and requires extensive post-translational modification for activity, we have shown that fully active factor IX can be made by human skin-derived fibroblasts. These results open the way to testing the use of skin grafts for gene therapy of hemophilia B.
The role of refrigerant mixtures. (1994)

L'article passe en revue les principales proprietes des melanges de fluides : azeotropes, quasi azeotropes et zeotropes.
Wide and scalable field-of-view Talbot-grid-based fluorescence microscopy (2012)

Here we report a low-cost and simple wide field-of-view (FOV) on-chip fluorescence-imaging platform, termed fluorescence Talbot microscopy (FTM), which utilizes the Talbot self-imaging effect to enable efficient fluorescence imaging over a large and directly scalable FOV. The FTM prototype has a resolution of 1.2 μm and an FOV of 3.9 mm × 3.5 mm. We demonstrate the imaging capability of FTM on fluorescently labeled breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells expressing green fluorescent protein.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum Catalysts on Nanowire Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction (2013)

The photocathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from p-type Si nanowire (NW) arrays was evaluated using platinum deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a HER cocatalyst. ALD of Pt on the NW surface led to a highly conformal coating of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3 nm, allowing for precise control of the Pt loading in deep submonolayer quantities. The catalytic performance was measured using as little as 1 cycle of Pt ALD, which corresponded to a surface mass loading of ∼10 ng/cm(2). The quantitative exploration of the lower limits of Pt cocatalyst loading reported here, and its application to high-surface-area NW photoelectrodes, establish a general approach for minimizing the cost of precious-metal cocatalysts for efficient and affordable solar-to-fuel applications.
[Determination of cadmium in tobacco using thermospray-chemical vapor generation-AAS system]. (2008)

A new and sensitive method for the determination of cadmium was developed using thermospray chemical vapor generation AAS system. The sample and KBH4 solutions were introduced into two separate thermospray tubes by peristaltic pumps and then thermosprayed into a reaction tube. The aerosol of the sample and KBH4 were mixed and reacted in the reaction tube, and after gas-liquid separation in a cyclonic spray chamber, the water vapor was removed by a desolvating unit, while the analyte was transferred into the quartz T-cell and determined by AAS. This design improved the stability and sensitivity by thermospray chemical vapor sample introducing technique. The effect of several experimental parameters of the proposed system was optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits of 18 ng x L(-1) with RSD of 2.1% was obtained for cadmium determination. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in tobacco with the recoveries of 94%-103%.
The venom of the snake genus Atheris contains a new class of peptides with clusters of histidine and glycine residues (2007)

We investigated venoms from members of the genus Atheris (Serpentes, Viperidae), namely the rough scale bush viper (Atheris squamigera), the green bush viper (A. chlorechis) and the great lakes bush viper (A. nitschei), using mass spectrometry-based strategies, relying on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with de novo peptide sequencing. We discovered a set of novel peptides with masses in the 2-3 kDa range and containing poly-His and poly-Gly segments (pHpG). Complete primary structural elucidation and confirmation of two sequences by Edman degradation indicated the consensus sequence EDDH(9)GVG(10). Bioinformatic investigations in protein sequence databanks did not show relevant homology with known peptides or proteins. However, a more extensive investigation of data in nucleic acid databases revealed some similarities to the precursor sequences of bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPP) and C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP), agents that are known to affect the cardiovascular system by acting on specific metalloproteases and receptors. The novel pHpG peptides found in Atheris venoms might also act on the cardiovascular system by inhibiting particular metalloproteases, which however remain to be identified.
Developmental Changes in Progenitor Cell Responsiveness to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Differentially Modulate Progressive CNS Lineage Fate (2000)

Although multipotent progenitor cells capable of generating neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are present within the germinal zones of the brain throughout embryonic, postnatal and adult life, the different neural cell types are generated within discrete temporospatial developmental windows. This might suggest that multipotent progenitor cells encounter different signals during each developmental stage, thus accounting for separate waves of lineage commitment and cellular differentiation. This study demonstrates, however, that progenitor cell responses to the same class of signals, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), change during ontogeny, and that these same signals may thus initiate progenitor cell elaboration of several different lineages. BMPs promote cell death and inhibit the proliferation of early (embryonic day 13, E13) ventricular zone progenitor cells. At later embryonic (E16) stages of cerebral cortical development, BMPs exhibit a concentration-dependent dissociation of cellular actions, with either enhancement of neuronal and astroglial elaboration (at 1-10 ng/ml) or potentiation of cell death (at 100 ng/ml). Finally, during the period of perinatal cortical gliogenesis, BMPs enhance astroglial lineage elaboration. By contrast, oligodendroglial lineage elaboration is inhibited by the BMPs at all stages. Further, application of the BMP antagonist noggin to cultured progenitors promotes the generation of oligodendrocytes, indicating that endogenous BMP signaling can actively suppress oligodendrogliogenesis. These observations suggest that developmental changes in neural progenitor cell responsiveness to the BMPs may represent a novel mechanism for orchestrating context-specific cellular events such as lineage elaboration and cellular viability.
Perfluoropolyether Synthesis in Liquid Carbon Dioxide by Hexafluoropropylene Photooxidation (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPerfluoropolyether Synthesis in Liquid Carbon Dioxide by Hexafluoropropylene PhotooxidationW. Clayton Bunyard, Timothy J. Romack, and Joseph M. DeSimoneView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3290, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 24, 8224–8226Publication Date (Web):November 10, 1999Publication History Received9 October 1998Revised4 October 1999Published online10 November 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma981588lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma981588lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views589Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides,Phenyls,Photooxidation,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Design and Generation of Humanized Single-chain Fv Derived from Mouse Hybridoma for Potential Targeting Application (2015)

Single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) are attractive candidates for targeted immunotherapy in several human diseases. In this study, a concise humanization strategy combined with an optimized production method for humanizing scFvs was successfully employed. Two antibody clones, one directed against the hemagglutinin of H5N1 influenza virus, the other against EpCAM, a cancer biomarker, were used to demonstrate the validity of the method. Heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) variable regions of immunoglobulin genes from mouse hybridoma cells were sequenced and subjected to the construction of mouse scFv 3-D structure. Based on in silico modeling, the humanized version of the scFv was designed via complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting with the retention of mouse framework region (FR) residues identified by primary sequence analysis. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value between mouse and humanized scFv structures was calculated to evaluate the preservation of CDR conformation. Mouse and humanized scFv genes were then constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Using this method, we successfully generated humanized scFvs that retained the targeting activity of their respective mouse scFv counterparts. In addition, the humanized scFvs were engineered with a C-terminal cysteine residue (hscFv-C) for site-directed conjugation for use in future targeting applications. The hscFv-C expression was extensively optimized to improve protein production yield. The protocol yielded a 20-fold increase in production of hscFv-Cs in E. coli periplasm. The strategy described in this study may be applicable in the humanization of other antibodies derived from mouse hybridoma.