gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6, and 8 during the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction of relapsing fever. (1992)

The Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (J-HR) is a clinical syndrome occurring soon after the first adequate dose of an antimicrobial drug to treat infectious diseases such as Lyme disease, syphilis, and relapsing fever. Previous attempts to identify factors mediating this reaction, that may cause death, have been unsuccessful. We conducted a prospective trial in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 17 patients treated with penicillin for proven louse-borne relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis to evaluate the association of symptoms with plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins 6, and 8 (IL-6 and -8). 14 of the 17 (82%) patients experienced a typical J-HR consisting of rigors, a rise in body temperature (1.06 +/- 0.2 degrees C) peaking at 2 h, leukopenia (7.4 +/- 0.6 x 10(-3) cells/mm3) at 4 h, a slight decrease, and then rise of mean arterial blood pressure. Spirochetes were cleared from blood in 5 +/- 1 h after penicillin. There were no fatalities, but constitutional symptoms were severe during J-HR. Plasma TNF, IL-6, and -8 were raised in several patients on admission, but a seven-, six-, and fourfold elevation of these plasma cytokine concentrations over admission levels was detected, respectively, occurring in transient form coincidental with observed pathophysiological changes of J-HR. Elevated plasma cytokine levels were not detected in the three patients who did not suffer J-HR. We conclude that the severe pathophysiological changes characterizing the J-HR occurring on penicillin treatment of louse-borne relapsing fever are closely associated with transient elevation of plasma TNF, IL-6, and -8 concentrations.
Characterization of the human gene encoding ADP-ribosylation factor 1, a guanine nucleotide-binding activator of cholera toxin. (1992)

Mammalian ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate cholera toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, were grouped into three classes based on deduced amino acid sequence. Human ARF 1, a class I ARF, is identical with its bovine counterpart, has a distinctive pattern of tissue and developmental expression, and is encoded by a approximately 1.9-kilobase mRNA. ARF 1 cDNAs were isolated from a human fibroblast cDNA library; one arose via an alternative polyadenylation signal (AA-TACA) 84 nucleotides 5' to the polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) used in the 1815-base pair cDNA. The polyadenylation signals, their respective locations, and the surrounding nucleotide sequences are conserved in human and rat. The human ARF 1 gene, with four introns, spans approximately 16.5 kilobases. Exon 1 (46 base pairs) contains only untranslated sequence. Translation initiates in exon 2, which encodes the sequence GXXXXGK involved in phosphate binding (GTP hydrolysis). The sequence DVGG is encoded in exon 3, and NKQD, which is involved in the interaction with the guanine ring, is interrupted following the codon for Q by intron 4. The carboxyl-terminal 53 amino acids and greater than 1110 base pairs of 3'-untranslated region are encoded in exon 5. Primer extension and mung bean and S1 nuclease mapping indicated multiple transcription initiation sites and were consistent with Northern analyses. The 5'-flanking region has a high GC content but no TATA or CAAT box, as found in housekeeping genes. In addition, the two human class I ARF genes, ARF 1 and ARF 3, have similar exon/intron organizations and use GC-rich promoters.
Optimal and sub‐optimal maximum a posteriori algorithms suitable for turbo decoding (1997)

Abstract For estimating the states or outputs of a Markov process, the symbol‐by‐symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is optimal. However, this algorithm, even in its recursive form, poses technical difficulties because of numerical representation problems, the necessity of non‐linear functions and a high number of additions and multiplications. MAP like algorithms operating in the logarithmic domain presented in the past solve the numerical problem and reduce the computational complexity, but are suboptimal especially at low SNR (a common example is the Max‐Log‐MAP because of its use of the max function). A further simplification yields the soft‐output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA). In this paper, we present a Log‐MAP algorithm that avoids the approximations in the Max‐Log‐MAP algorithm and hence is equivalent to the true MAP, but without its major disadvantages. We compare the (Log‐)MAP, Max‐Log‐MAP and SOVA from a theoretical point of view to illuminate their commonalities and differences. As a practical example, we consider Turbo decoding, and we also demonstrate the practical suitability of the Log‐MAP by including quantization effects. The SOVA is, at 10 −4 , approximately 0.7 dB inferior to the (Log‐)MAP, the Max‐Log‐MAP lying roughly in between. The channel capacities of the three algorithms ‐when employed in a Turbo decoder‐ are evaluated numerically.
Crystal structure and conformation of cyclo-(glycyl-D-leucyl-L-leucyl)2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure and conformation of cyclo-(glycyl-D-leucyl-L-leucyl)2Kottayil I. Varughese, Gopinath Kartha, and Kenneth D. KoppleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 12, 3310–3313Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00402a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00402a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thermal Behavior of a Self-Assembled Silver n-Dodecanethiolate Layered Material Monitored by DSC, FTIR, and 13C NMR Spectroscopy (2000)

The thermal behavior of a self-assembled silver alkanethiolate layered material (AgSCn, n = 12) has been explored using two spectroscopic techniques: 13C CPMAS NMR (13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. The goal was to correlate structural changes monitored by spectroscopy with the phase transition detected by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Variable-temperature 13C CPMAS NMR was used for the first time to study silver alkanethiolates in order to obtain conformational and structural information about each of the C positions in the alkyl chain as a function of the temperature. In the low-temperature domain, a subtle change in the chain packing is observed, as evidenced by the chemical shift of the internal methylenes in the 13C CPMAS NMR spectra. A remarkable degree of conformational order is observed, which is retained up to 120 °C. A sharp phase transition between 125 and 130 °C is associated with conformational changes, from all-trans to gauche containing bonds, as detected by IR and 13C CPMAS NMR. The complete reversibility of these structural changes indicates that the alkyl chains remain anchored to the Ag−S backbone above the transition. The key determinants of the thermal behavior of the layered system are the strong Ag−S bonding and the high conformational degree of order conferred by the polymeric character of the compound.
Recombinant histatins: functional domain duplication enhances candidacidal activity (1995)

Histatin 3 (Hst3) is a 32-amino-acid (aa) His-rich protein with antimicrobial activity found in human salivary secretions. To explore further the structure/function relationship of Hst, we utilized a bacterial system for the efficient production of recombinant Hst3 (re-Hst3) and Hst variants. Previously, we demonstrated that the middle portion of Hst3 (aa 13-24) contains the functional domain responsible for killing Candida albicans. Using PCR and splice overlap extension, a Hst variant (re-Hst3rep) was made in which the functional domain was repeated in tandem. Using the pRSET bacterial expression system, re-Hst3 and the variant re-Hst3rep were produced as chimeric fusions and were isolated from bacterial sonicates by affinity chromatography. Affinity purified fusion proteins were digested with CNBr and re-Hst were separated from their fusion partners by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The activity of re-Hst3 and re-Hst3rep was compared to that of native Hst3 from human salivary secretions in the C. albicans killing assay. The LD50 values for candidacidal activity of native Hst3, re-Hst3 and re-Hst3rep were 7.2, 6.8 and 4.1 nmol/ml, respectively. At lower concentrations re-Hst3rep was five times more active than native Hst3 or re-Hst3 and at even lower concentrations re-Hst3rep exhibited significant candidacidal activity while native Hst3 and re-Hst3 were inactive. These results demonstrate an expression system for production of biologically active functional Hst and Hst variants and shows that repetition of the functional domain of Hst3 enhances candidacidal activity.
Sinusitis. Diagnostic methods. (1994)

Sinusitis, which primarily involves the anterior ethmoid air cells, can spread to the larger sinus cavities to cause acute and chronic secondary infection. Endoscopic and computed tomographic techniques enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and permanent cure. Primary care physicians should try to identify the disease before it reaches a stage where endoscopic control becomes difficult. Ultrasonography is now used in Europe to diagnose sinusitis and initiate treatment.
Human liver stem cells improve liver injury in a model of fulminant liver failure (2012)

These data suggest that fulminant liver failure may potentially benefit from treatment with HLSCs or HLSC-CM.
Quadruplex Nucleic Acids (2006)

Guanine rich DNA has been known for decades to form unusual structures, although their biological relevance was little understood. Recent advances have demonstrated that quadruplex structures can play a role in gene expression and provide opportunities for a new class of anticancer therapeutics. A number of quadruplex-specific proteins have also been discovered. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids discusses all aspects of the fundamentals of quadruplex structures, including their structure in solution and the crystalline state, the kinetics of quadruplex folding, and the role of cations in structure and stability. The biology of quadruplexes and G-rich genomic regions and G-quartets in supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience are also considered. Surveying the current state of knowledge, and with contributions from leading experts, this is the first comprehensive review of this rapidly growing area. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids is ideal for researchers interested in areas related to chemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, molecular pharmacology, and structural and molecular biology.
A simple ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of protein. (1956)

Abstract An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of proteins is described. It has advantages over other methods in simplicity, rapidity, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Applications to the determination of total protein and albumin in plasma and to the determination of protein in cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid are described. The method is not useful for the determination of protein in urine.
Effects of a New Antihypertensive Agent, SGB-1534, on Rat Platelet Aggregation (1986)

The present study was designed to examine the antiplatelet activity of SGB-1534, 3-[2-[4-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,4(1H, 3H)- quinazolinedione monohydrochloride, compared with prazosin, ketanserin and aspirin. The equihypotensive doses of SGB-1534, prazosin and ketanserin were administered orally to rats; and 1 hr later, their effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, compared with those of aspirin, were examined under ex vivo conditions. The bleeding time was determined by using the tail transection method. SGB-1534 (10 mg/kg) as well as ketanserin (3 and 10 mg/kg) and aspirin (10 mg/kg) effectively inhibited the platelet aggregation; and in addition, they significantly prolonged bleeding times. Prazosin in doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg did not affect either the aggregation or bleeding times. Whereas 10(-4) M aspirin significantly inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat platelets, SGB-1534, prazosin and ketanserin even in considerably high concentrations (10(-4) or 10(-3) M) did not affect the MDA production and the cyclic AMP levels in the platelets. In isolated rat femoral arteries, SGB-1534, prazosin and ketanserin antagonized the contractile response to phenylephrine with pA2 values of approximately 10.06, 10.39 and 7.71, respectively. Also, SGB-1534 and ketanserin attenuated the contractile response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with pA2 values of 6.36 and 9.53, respectively, while prazosin had no antagonistic effects on 5-HT-induced contraction.
Anti-BA46 monoclonal antibody Mc3: humanization using a novel positional consensus and in vivo and in vitro characterization. (1995)

Mc3 is a murine mAb that is highly effective in treating breast tumors in experimental radioimmunotherapy. Mc3 binds to BA46, a 46-kDa glycoprotein of the human milk fat globule membrane that is also expressed in breast carcinoma cells. We cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding the variable regions of Mc3 and constructed an IgG1, kappa human/mouse chimeric antibody. We then humanized the variable regions of Mc3 using a positional consensus method and retaining residues that might either contact the complementarity-determining regions or the opposite chain. This positional consensus is novel in that it does not include residues with buried side chains. Humanized Mc3 retained full binding affinity, and fully competes with murine Mc3 for antigen binding. Humanized and murine 131I-labeled Mc3 behaved identically in athymic nu/nu mice biodistribution studies. The tumor uptake levels for both antibodies increased over a period of 4 days within a range of 13-20% of the injected dose per g with extremely favorable tumor:normal ratios. Also, a single therapeutic dose of 131I-labeled humanized Mc3 in the same animal model reduced the average tumor size and produced one of five cures while in the uninjected control tumor growth continued unabated. We believe that these results justify the implementation of Phase I human clinical trials for imaging and radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer.
Anti-CD20- and B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis: evidence for shared intracellular signaling pathways. (2000)

Clinical administration of the anti-CD20 antibody IDEC-C2B8 can induce remission of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Whereas it has been suggested that the main mechanisms of action are complement-mediated and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, we demonstrate that monoclonal antibody IDEC-C2B8 is a strong inducer of apoptosis in CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma cell lines reflecting different stages of lymphomagenesis. Thus, CD20-dependent apoptosis was inducible in human surface IgM-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines as well as in more mature surface IgM-negative B-cell lymphoma cell lines carrying the t(14;18) translocation. Furthermore, in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, we observed a striking correlation between anti-CD20- and B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis with regard to sensitivity toward the apoptotic stimuli and the execution of the apoptotic pathway. Thus, induction of anti-CD20- or B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis involved rapid up-regulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax. In addition, we show similar changes in the mRNA expression level of two early response genes, c-myc and Berg36, as well as activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family members p44 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and p42 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2) and activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity. These data support our hypothesis that both pathways are mediated in part by the same signal-transducing molecules. These results might help explain the resistance and regression of lymphomas to IDEC-C2B8 and give new insights in the signaling cascade after CD20 ligation.
Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Inhibitors Regulate Expression of Glucose Transporter-1 via Distinct Cis-acting Sequences (1995)

Studies of gene regulation by oxygen have recently defined the existence of a widely operative system that responds to hypoxia but not mitochondrial inhibitors and involves the induction of a DNA-binding complex termed hypoxia-inducible factor 1. This system has been implicated in the regulation of erythropoietin, certain angiogenic growth factors, and particular glycolytic isoenzymes. The glucose transporter Glut-1 is induced by both hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibitors, implying the operation of a different mechanism of oxygen sensing. To explore that possibility, we analyzed the cisacting sequences that convey these responses. An enhancer lying 5' to the mouse Glut-1 gene was found to convey responses both to hypoxia and to the mitochondrial inhibitors, azide and rotenone. However, detailed analysis of this enhancer demonstrated that distinct elements responded to hypoxia and the mitochondrial inhibitors. The response to hypoxia was mediated by sequences that contained a functionally critical, although atypical, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 binding site, whereas sequences lying approximately 100 nucleotides 5' to this site, which contained a critical serum response element, conveyed responses to the mitochondrial inhibitors. Thus, rather than reflecting an entirely different mechanism of oxygen sensing, regulation of Glut-1 gene expression by hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibitors arises from the function of two different sensing systems. One of these responds to hypoxia alone and resembles that involved in erythropoietin regulation, while the other responds to mitochondrial inhibitors and involves activation of a serum response element.
Adenoviral Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Induces Lymphangiogenesis in the Skin (2001)

The growth of blood and lymphatic vasculature is mediated in part by secreted polypeptides of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. The prototype VEGF binds VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 and is angiogenic, whereas VEGF-C, which binds to VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, is either angiogenic or lymphangiogenic in different assays. We used an adenoviral gene transfer approach to compare the effects of these growth factors in adult mice. Recombinant adenoviruses encoding human VEGF-C or VEGF were injected subcutaneously into C57Bl6 mice or into the ears of nude mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that VEGF-C upregulated VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 expression and VEGF upregulated VEGFR-2 expression at 4 days after injection. After 2 weeks, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis, including staining for the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), the vascular endothelial marker platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that VEGF-C induced mainly lymphangiogenesis in contrast to VEGF, which induced only angiogenesis. These results have significant implications in the planning of gene therapy using these growth factors.
Steady-State Analysis of Circuits with Multiple Adaptive Grids (2007)

This paper explores an effective adaptive algorithm to obtain the steady-state response of circuits with periodic excitation. This algorithm offers an alternative to conventional steady-state simulation techniques such as harmonic balance or shooting method. One of the contributions of this paper is the generic formulation of nonlinear circuit equations in terms of transformation matrices. This algorithm is especially advantageous to circuits showing high nonlinearity. In the proposed method, each circuit variable is represented by a linear combination of a set of adaptive basis functions (ABF). Waveform samples are obtained by multiplying a vector of coefficients times a transformation matrix. Furthermore, in order to improve the output resolution, the positions of the basis functions for each variable are adaptively controlled. In other words, we start the analysis with a uniform grid and increase the resolution where needed by adjusting the position of the grid points independently for each variable. The least squares method is used to find the set of coefficients that minimizes the error function defined by the formulation. We present for the first time simulation results with different grids in each state variable.
Experimental studies on electrolytic dosage of ECT for dog's oesophageal injury and clinical effects of ECT for oesophageal anastomotic opening stenosis and oesophageal carcinoma. (1994)

Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to explore the potential benefits of electrochemical therapy (ECT) in oesophageal cancer. In a dog experiment, the oesophageal injury induced by ECT was evaluated. The provision of 7.5 volts (V) and 25-100 coulomb (C) was associated with a slight injury of the mucosa, which was completely healed after two weeks. Ten patients with oesophageal stenosis were treated with ECT (4.5-5.5 V, 20-50 mA and 85-180 C). In all patients there was a significant dilatation of the stenotic area and the patients could eat a normal diet after three to four weeks. The clinical effectiveness in 35 patients treated with ECT for inoperable oesophagela carcinoma was found to be satisfactory. Complete and partial response was obtained in 15 cases (42.8%), and dysphagia was relieved for five to 13 months. In conclusion, oesophageal cancer may be successfully treated with a specially designed electrode and a specified dosage of electricity.