gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIPMANET: mobile IP for mobile ad hoc networks (2000)

Mobile ad hoc networking allows nodes to form temporary networks and communicate beyond the transmitter range by supporting multihop communication through IP routing. Routing in such networks is often reactive, i.e., performed on-demand, as opposed to Internet routing that is proactive. As ad hoc networks are formed on a temporary basis, any IP address should be allowed to appear in an ad hoc network. This paper presents MIPMANET, a solution for connecting an ad hoc network, in which on-demand routing is used, to the Internet. MIPMANET provides Internet access by using mobile IP with foreign agent care-of addresses and reverse tunneling. This allows nodes to enjoy the mobility services of mobile IP while at the same time the requirements on the ad hoc routing protocol are kept to a minimum. Simulations of MIPMANET have been performed in the Network Simulator 2. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol has been used for routing within the ad hoc network. These simulations show that the ability to choose the closest access point to the Internet is worth extra work, as less traffic is generated in the network resulting in lower delays and fewer dropped packets.
Hormonal regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells: thyroid-stimulating hormone induces a cAMP-mediated decrease in class I expression. (1992)

Thyrocytes normally express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, but not class II, cell surface antigens. A rat thyrocyte cell line, FRTL-5, also expresses MHC class I antigens, in addition to a variety of thyroid-specific genes. Treatment of FRTL-5 thyrocytes with physiological concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been shown to induce increased expressed of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase but to simultaneously decrease expression of the TSH receptor. The reduction in TSH receptor expression by TSH is cAMP mediated. In the present study, it is demonstrated that, in thyrocytes treated with TSH, MHC class I expression decreases concomitant with the decrease in TSH receptor expression. This decreased expression is evidenced by reduced cell surface levels of MHC class I antigens, by reduced steady-state RNA levels, and by reduced transcription of the class I genes. TSH-mediated reduction of MHC class I gene transcription in FRTL-5 cells was mapped to a region within 135 base pairs of the promoter.
[Protective effect of ligustrazine on insulin resistance after local cerebral ischemia of rat]. (2003)

The protective effects of Ligustrazion on IR cerebral ischemia may be related to decreasing ET-1 content in plasma, TNF-alpha content in serum, NO content and NOS activities in tissue.
Direct Conversion of (S)-3-Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone to Chiral Three-Carbon Building Blocks (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDirect Conversion of (S)-3-Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone to Chiral Three-Carbon Building BlocksGuijun Wang and Rawle I. HollingsworthView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3, 1036–1038Publication Date (Web):January 15, 1999Publication History Received8 September 1998Published online15 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9818226https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9818226brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Amides,Carbohydrates,Chemical reactions,Materials Get e-Alerts
Analysis and implementation of a delay-compensated deadbeat current controller for solar inverters (2001)

The delay problem of a deadbeat current controller for solar inverters is investigated. By applying the z-transformation technique, it is found that system stability is degraded because of the delay of one-sampling-period due to the nonzero computational time of the microprocessor and the conversion time of A/D converters. The frequency response of the system loop gain also indicates that the inverter output current oscillates at one sixth of the sampling frequency. Through the analysis presented, it is shown that the predictive current observer based controller compensates this time delay, while remaining an accurate current controller for solar inverters. Computer simulations are performed, and a 1 kW solar inverter prototype is constructed to verify the analytical results.
Digital composites: Technology for creativity in a cloud-connected world (2015)

Creative Professionals have traditionally worked primarily in desktop applications such as Photoshop. Today, the creative process also occurs on mobile devices and places a greater emphasis on remixing elements of others' work. Traditional digital media file formats are poorly suited for this environment. Digital Composite Technology (DCX) is a framework for the creation of digital media in a mobile-first, cloud-connected world. DCX organizes creative works as a set of components. Component media types and relations are recorded in a well-known syntax, which furthers remix as part of the creative process. DCX also introduces network transfer algorithms that guarantee efficient, correct synchronization using standard cloud-scale storage services and web protocols. Taken together, these capabilities enable seamless creativity across mobile, desktop, and cloud.
Applications of Enzymes to Lignocellulosics (2003)

Biotechnology, or more specifically the employment of biological agents, such as fungi, bacteria and more exclusively extracellular enzymes offers a wide range of potential applications, and consequently benefits for the forest products industry. Biotechnological manipulations have been shown to complement and/or enhance conventional wood processing operations, such as pulp and paper manufacture and paper recycling, and may provide many economic and environmental benefits through waste reduction, energy savings and reductions in toxic chemicals released into the enivronment. The following review is intended to highlight progress in the field over the last decade, and has been compiled to include significant fundamental and industrially relevant findings. Although extensive, it by no means represent a comprehensive review of the plethora of work that has been instrumental in developing this scientific research area.
Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Diprivan and Intralipid (1999)

These results suggest that Diprivan, and possibly Intralipid, represent poor media for the growth of S. aureus and may promote infection through mechanisms other than increased inoculum size.
Effects of pH on Nicotine-Induced DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress (2005)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that chewing betel quid and smoking have synergistic potential in the development of oral squamous-cell carcinoma in Taiwan. Chewing betel quid produces alkalization of saliva. This study investigated the response of human oral cancer OEC-M1 cells to nicotine in different pH environments (6.5 and 8) by examining its effects on DNA damage as evidenced by single-cell gel electrophoresis. Nicotine (1 and 10 muM) significantly induced DNA strand breakage when cultured at pH 8 for 6 h but did not induce DNA damage at pH 6.5. Nicotine-induced DNA damage was also time dependent. When cells were pretreated with catalase or N-acetylcysteine, a significant reduction in nicotine-induced DNA damage was observed. Flow cytometric analyses showed that the production of 8-oxoguanine was significantly increased following nicotine (10 muM) treatment. Posttreatment of nicotine-damaged DNA by endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, recognizing oxidized DNA bases, increased the extent of DNA damage. These results suggest that nicotine-induced DNA strand breakage is pH dependent, and oxidative stress might be involved in nicotine-induced DNA damage. Finally, cigarette smoke condensate (equivalent to 8 muM nicotine) induced significant DNA strand breaks in OEC-M1 cells at pH 8 and correlated with the generation of oxidative DNA damage. Thus, alkaline saliva generated by chewing betel quid plays an important role in cigarette-related nicotine-induced DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species may be involved in generating this DNA damage.
Multiplicative Updates for Nonnegative Quadratic Programming in Support Vector Machines (2002)

Many problems in neural computation and statistical learning involve optimizations with nonnegativity constraints. In this paper, we study convex problems in quadratic programming where the optimization is confined to an axis-aligned region in the nonnegative orthant. For these problems, we derive multiplicative updates that improve the value of the objective function at each iteration and converge monotonically to the global minimum. The updates have a simple closed form and do not involve any heuristics or free parameters that must be tuned to ensure convergence. Despite their simplicity, they differ strikingly in form from other multiplicative updates used in machine learning. We provide complete proofs of convergence for these updates and describe their application to problems in signal processing and pattern recognition.
CaO-based High-temperature CO2 Sorbents (2018)

Calcium oxide (CaO)-based materials were recognized as promising high temperature CO2 sorbents and have often been studied since the 1950s in the field of coal gasification and more recently in the field of hydrogen production. Interest in these materials is associated with their high theoretical sorption capacity (below 650 °C) and low cost, and also the exothermic character of the carbonation reaction. CaO is used in several industries and more particularly in the cleaning of flue gases, in biomass gasification and in sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) processes. It permits the reduction of CO emissions, the promotion of steam reforming and water gas shift reactions, and separation of CO2 to produce a H2-rich gas. The impurities present in natural calcite have led researchers to be inventive when producing CaO-based sorbents. Their weakness lies in the sintering that occurs during the regeneration step at higher temperatures (&amp;gt;800 °C) and leads to a large and continued decrease of their sorption capacity. This phenomenon was extensively studied and simulated by several models (mainly based on grain models and random pore approaches) depending on the conditions of their use as CO2 sorbents. The improvement of sintering resistance can rely on these studies to propose some solutions to limit CaO-based sorbent decay, which is inevitable in multi-cyclic processes. This can include the CaO precursor choice, the sorbent pre-treatment, the improvement of the synthesis method associated with the change of morphology, structure, and surface, and the synthesis of CaO-based mixed oxides. Attrition resistance increases, degraded sorbents’ reactivation, and the influence of sulfur compounds are also to be studied depending on the use conditions.
Stiffness gradient in the crystalline lens (2007)

The dynamic stiffness of the crystalline lens varies with location within the lens. The stiffness gradient depends on the age of the lens. The results of the 10 lenses indicate that the stiffness of both centre and periphery increase with age, but at a different rate.
Selective inhibition of functional lymphocyte subpopulations by ribavirin (1982)

The present studies were designed to examine the effects of ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, on the generation of murine antibody responses in vitro. Whereas primary and secondary sheep erythrocyte-specific, plaque-forming cell responses by normal murine spleen cells were enhanced by low concentrations of ribavirin (1 microgram per culture), they were strongly inhibited by higher concentrations of ribavirin (5 to 10 micrograms per culture). Both phenomena occurred with the greatest magnitude when spleen cells were exposed to ribavirin 48 to 72 h after culture initiation. Enhancement appeared to result from selective interference with suppressor T cells, since ribavirin failed to augment lipopolysaccharide-specific plaque-forming cell responses in T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures but inhibited concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and suppressor T cell generation in cultures of normal spleen cells. The immunosuppressive properties of ribavirin were mediated by a direct antiproliferative effect and, at higher concentrations, a cytotoxic effect for B lymphocytes, since the drug inhibited plaque-forming cell responses in T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures, suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation and reduced viable spleen cell recoveries.
Levels of Specific Peptide-HLA Class I Complex Predicts Tumor Cell Susceptibility to CTL Killing (2006)

Recognition of tumor-associated Ags (TAAs) on tumor cells by CTLs and the subsequent tumor cell death are assumed to be dependent on TAA protein expression and to correlate directly with the level of peptide displayed in the binding site of the HLA class I molecule. In this study we evaluated whether the levels of Her-2/neu protein expression on human tumor cell lines directly correlate with HLA-A*0201/Her2/neu peptide presentation and CTL recognition. We developed a TCR mimic (TCRm) mAb designated 1B8 that specifically recognizes the HLA-A2.1/Her2/neu peptide (369-377) (Her2(369)-A2) complex. TCRm mAb staining intensity varied for the five human tumor cell lines analyzed, suggesting quantitative differences in levels of the Her2(369)-A2 complex on these cells. Analysis of tumor cell lines pretreated with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha for Her2/neu protein and HLA-A2 molecule expression did not reveal a direct correlation between the levels of Her2/neu Ag, HLA-A2 molecule, and Her2(369)-A2 complex expression. However, compared with untreated cells, cytokine-treated cell lines showed an increase in Her2(369)-A2 epitope density that directly correlated with enhanced tumor cell death (p = 0.05). Although a trend was observed between tumor cell lysis and the level of the Her2(369)-A2 complex for untreated cells, the association was not significant. These findings suggest that tumor cell susceptibility to CTL-mediated lysis may be predicted based on the level of specific peptide-MHC class I expression rather than on the total level of TAA expression. Further, these studies demonstrate the potential of the TCRm mAb for validation of endogenous HLA-peptide epitopes on tumor cells.
An absolute requirement for Cubitus interruptus in Hedgehog signaling. (2001)

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins play diverse organizing roles in animal development by regulating gene expression in responding cells. Several components of the Hh signal transduction pathway have been identified, yet their precise role in mediating the various outputs of the pathway is still poorly understood. The Gli homolog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is involved in controlling the transcription of Drosophila Hh target genes and thus represents the most downstream component known in this pathway. We address the question of whether the Hh pathway is distally branched or, in other words, whether the regulation of Ci activity is the sole output of Hh signaling. Putative Ci-independent branches of Hh signaling are explored by analyzing the behavior of cells that lack Ci but have undergone maximal activation of the Hh transduction pathway due to the removal of Patched (Ptc). The analysis of target gene expression and morphogenetic read-outs of Hh in embryonic, larval and adult stages indicates that Ci is absolutely required for all examined aspects of Hh outputs. We interpret this as evidence against the existence of Ci-independent branches in the Hh signal transduction pathway and propose that most cases of apparent Ci/Gli-independent Hh output can be attributed to the derepression of target gene expression in the absence of Ci/Gli repressor function.
Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 7 Suppresses Lipolysis to Accumulate Fat in Obesity Through Downregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ and C/EBPα (2012)

We previously identified a quantitative trait locus for adiposity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes 5 (Nidd5), on mouse chromosome 2. In the current study, we identified the actual genetic alteration at Nidd5 as a nonsense mutation of the Acvr1c gene encoding activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), one of the type I transforming growth factor-β receptors, which results in a COOH-terminal deletion of the kinase domain. We further showed that the ALK7 dysfunction causes increased lipolysis in adipocytes and leads to decreased fat accumulation. Conversely, ALK7 activation inhibits lipolysis by suppressing the expression of adipose lipases. ALK7 and activated Smads repress those lipases by downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α. Although PPARγ and C/EBPα act as adipogenic transcription factors during adipocyte differentiation, they are lipolytic in sum in differentiated adipocytes and are downregulated by ALK7 in obesity to accumulate fat. Under the obese state, ALK7 deficiency improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by preferentially increasing fat combustion in mice. These findings have uncovered a net lipolytic function of PPARγ and C/EBPα in differentiated adipocytes and point to the ALK7-signaling pathway that is activated in obesity as a potential target of medical intervention.
pH-Dependent Lytic Peptides Discovered by Phage Display (2006)

Lipid membranes compartmentalize eukaryotic cells and separate the cell interior from the extracellular milieu. So far, studies of peptide and protein interactions with membranes have largely been limited to naturally occurring peptides or to sequences designed on the basis of structural information and biophysical parameters. To expand on these studies, utilizing a system with minimal assumptions, we used phage-display technology to identify 12 amino acid-long peptides that bind to liposomes at pH 5.0 but not at pH 7.5. Of the nineteen peptides discovered, three were able to cause leakage of liposome contents. Multivalent presentation of these membrane-active peptides by conjugation onto poly(l-Lysine) enhanced their lytic potential. The secondary structures were analyzed by circular dichroism in aqueous 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and in buffered aqueous solutions, both in the presence and absence of liposomes. Two of the three lytic peptides show alpha helical profiles, whereas none of the nonlytic peptides formed stable secondary structures. The diverse characteristics of the peptides identified in this study demonstrate that phage-displayed peptide library screens on lipid membranes result in the discovery of nonclassical membrane-active peptides, whose study will provide novel insights into peptide-membrane interactions.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pengobatan Penderita Diabetes Menggunakan Integrasi Decision Table dan Algoritma Genetika (2012)

Pengelolaan diabetes diperlukan pengaturan pola makan berhubungan dengan komposisi bahan makanan. Untuk mendapatkan bahan makanan yang tepat dengan tipe diabetes beserta kandungan nutrisinya, diperlukan integrasi dari dua sistem yaitu Decision Table (DT) dan Algoritma Genetika (AG) yang berbeda fungsinya tetapi menghasilkan output yang diinginkan. Data masukan dari pengguna akan diproses di dalam DT berdasarkan basis pengetahuan untuk mendapatkan jenis diabetes. Hasil dari proses DT, data nutrisi dan data masukan diproses di dalam AG menghasilkan bahan makanan sesuai dengan kondisi. Dalam pengujian ini digunakan 200 data bahan makanan yang didapat dari data pakar beserta nutrisi. Dari data tersebut dibentuk populasi dengan jumlah yang bervariasi setiap kromosomnya memiliki 10 gen, masing-masing gen menunjukan indeks bahan makanan pada basis data. Nilai probabilitas pindah silang ditentukan dengan membangkitkan nilai acak untuk mendapatkan kombinasi yang memiliki nilai fitness terbaik. Output yang dihasilkan adalah kombinasi bahan makanan sesuai nutrisi dan tipe diabetes. Hasil analisis berupa total kebutuhan kalori perorang, berat badan ideal dan jenis tipe merupakan hasil dari DT, hasil dari nutrisi adalah kebutuhan nutrisi perorang dan hasil AG adalah bahan makanan yang disarankan dan bahan makanan yang harus dihindari. Kata Kunciâ€” Sistem pendukung keputusan, Algoritma Genetika, Decision Table
TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo (2005)

TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, is thought to be a key modulator of the inducible transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and, therefore, plays a crucial role in regulating the genes that mediate inflammation. Although in vitro biochemical studies have revealed the existence of a TAK1 complex, which includes TAK1 and the adapter proteins TAB1 and TAB2, it remains unclear which members of this complex are essential for signaling. To analyze the function of TAK1 in vivo, we have deleted the Tak1 gene in mice, with the resulting phenotype being early embryonic lethality. Using embryonic fibroblasts lacking TAK1, TAB1, or TAB2, we have found that TNFR1, IL-1R, TLR3, and TLR4-mediated NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation are severely impaired in Tak1(m/m) cells, but they are normal in Tab1(-/-) and Tab2(-/-) cells. In addition, Tak1(m/m) cells are highly sensitive to TNF-induced apoptosis. TAK1 mediates IKK activation in TNF-alpha and IL-1 signaling pathways, where it functions downstream of RIP1-TRAF2 and MyD88-IRAK1-TRAF6, respectively. However, TAK1 is not required for NF-kappaB activation through the alternative pathway following LT-beta signaling. In the TGF-beta signaling pathway, TAK1 deletion leads to impaired NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation without impacting Smad2 activation or TGF-beta-induced gene expression. Therefore, our studies suggests that TAK1 acts as an upstream activating kinase for IKKbeta and JNK, but not IKKalpha, revealing an unexpectedly specific role of TAK1 in inflammatory signaling pathways.
AIB1 Is a Conduit for Kinase-Mediated Growth Factor Signaling to the Estrogen Receptor (2000)

Growth factor modulation of estrogen receptor (ER) activity plays an important role in both normal estrogen physiology and the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Growth factors are known to stimulate the ligand-independent activity of ER through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the direct phosphorylation of ER. We found that the transcriptional activity of AIB1, a ligand-dependent ER coactivator and a gene amplified preferentially in ER-positive breast cancers, is enhanced by MAPK phosphorylation. We demonstrate that AIB1 is a phosphoprotein in vivo and can be phosphorylated in vitro by MAPK. Finally, we observed that MAPK activation of AIB1 stimulates the recruitment of p300 and associated histone acetyltransferase activity. These results suggest that the ability of growth factors to modulate estrogen action may be mediated through MAPK activation of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1.