gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Monosaccharide Esters (2012)

A novel series of 3-(2-furyl)acrylate monosaccharide esters Ia–f and menthyloxycarbonyl monosaccharide esters IIa–f were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR and ESI-MS, and the target compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antibacterial screening results showed that the 3-(2-furyl)acrylate monosaccharide ester derivatives Ia–f were either inactive or only weakly active against the three Gram-positive bacterial strains tested, whereas the menthyloxycarbonyl monosaccharide ester derivatives IIa–f exhibited higher levels of activity, with compound IIe being especially potent. The results of the antifungal screening revealed that compounds Ib, Ie, IIb and IIc displayed potent in vitro activities, whereas If and IIf showed promising activities against all of the microorganisms tested, with If exhibiting levels of activity deserving of further investigation.
Imidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazines. XXI. Syntheses of Some 3-Acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methylthio, phenoxy and phenylthio)-2-(phenyl, 4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, β-naphthyl and styryl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and Their Interaction With Central and Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepi (1996)

Some 3-(aliphatic and aromatic) acylaminomethyl derivatives of 6-( chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methylthio, phenoxy and phenylthio )-2-(phenyl, 4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, ß- naphthyl and styryl ) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines have been prepared and tested for binding to central benzodiazepine receptors present in rat brain membrane, and to peripheral-type (mitochondrial) benzodiazepine receptors present in rat kidney membrane. Some of these compounds which contained 2-(4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl and styryl ) substituents bound strongly and selectively to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors. For example, 2-(4'-t-butylphenyl)-6-chloro-2-(4"-fluorobenzamidomethyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine in tests for the displacement of [3H]diazepam from both peripheral-type and central benzodiazepine receptors gave IC50 &amp;lt;1.0 nM and 9% displacement at 1000 nM , respectively. Steric effects appeared to be more restrictive in the interaction of these ligands with central benzodiazepine receptors rather than with peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors; X-ray structure analyses of two typical compounds are reported.
SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19? (2020)

Abstract
Design of reactive porous polymer supports for high throughput bioreactors: Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone-co-acrylamide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths (1999)

Enzymatic bioreactors with both high flow characteristics and mechanical stability based on macroporous poly(2-vinyl-4, 4-dimethylazlactone-co-acrylamide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths have been prepared. Covalent immobilization of trypsin on these support is achieved in a single reaction step using the azlactone functional groups. Optimization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the monolith affords a support that does not shrink in water and leads to immobilized enzyme that shows high activity in the hydrolysis of both low and high molecular weight substrates such as L-benzoyl arginine ethyl ester and casein. The catalytic activity of the monolithic reactor is maintained even at a flow velocity of 180 cm/min, which substantially exceeds those reported in the literature for packed bed reactors.
Molecular genetics of xanthophyll–dependent photoprotection in green algae and plants (2000)

The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic photosynthesis inevitably results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. To protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage, xanthophyll pigments are involved in the quenching of excited chlorophyll and reactive oxygen species, namely 1Chl*, 3Chl*, and 1O2*. Quenching of 1Chl* results in harmless dissipation of excitation energy as heat and is measured as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. The multiple roles of xanthophylls in photoprotection are being addressed by characterizing mutants of Chlarnydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in 1Chl* quenching has shown that, in addition to specific xanthophylls, the psbS gene is necessary for NPQ. Double mutants of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis that are deficient in zeaxanthin, lutein and NPQ undergo photo-oxidative bleaching in high light. Extragenic suppressors of the Chlamydomonas npq1 lor1 double mutant identify new mutations that restore varying levels of zeaxanthin accumulation and allow survival in high light.
Prolonged Esophagitis After Primary Dysfunction of the Pyloric Sphincter in the Rat and Therapeutic Potential of the Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (2007)

Seven or fourteen days or twelve months after suturing one tube into the pyloric sphincter (removed by peristalsis by the seventh day), rats exhibit prolonged esophagitis with a constantly lowered pressure not only in the pyloric, but also in the lower esophageal sphincter and a failure of both sphincters. Throughout the esophagitis experiment, gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) is given intraperitoneally once a day (10 microg/kg, 10 ng/kg, last application 24 h before assessment), or continuously in drinking water at 0.16 microg/ml, 0.16 ng/ml (12 ml/rat per day), or directly into the stomach 5 min before pressure assessment (a water manometer connected to the drainage port of a Foley catheter implanted into the stomach either through an esophageal or duodenal incision). This treatment alleviates i) the esophagitis (macroscopically and microscopically, at either region or interval), ii) the pressure in the pyloric sphincter, and iii) the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (cmH2O). In the normal rats it increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure, but decreases the pyloric sphincter pressure. Ranitidine, given using the same protocol (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily; 0.83 mg/ml in drinking water; 50 mg/kg directly into the stomach) does not have an effect in either rats with esophagitis or in normal rats.
High Efficiency Solid-State Sensitized Solar Cell-Based on Submicrometer Rutile TiO2 Nanorod and CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Sensitizer (2013)

We report a highly efficient solar cell based on a submicrometer (~0.6 μm) rutile TiO2 nanorod sensitized with CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite nanodots. Rutile nanorods were grown hydrothermally and their lengths were varied through the control of the reaction time. Infiltration of spiro-MeOTAD hole transport material into the perovskite-sensitized nanorod films demonstrated photocurrent density of 15.6 mA/cm(2), voltage of 955 mV, and fill factor of 0.63, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.4% under the simulated AM 1.5G one sun illumination. Photovoltaic performance was significantly dependent on the length of the nanorods, where both photocurrent and voltage decreased with increasing nanorod lengths. A continuous drop of voltage with increasing nanorod length correlated with charge generation efficiency rather than recombination kinetics with impedance spectroscopic characterization displaying similar recombination regardless of the nanorod length.
Acute Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous Hydrocortisone and CRH in Depressed Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2000)

Acute hydrocortisone infusion is associated with a rapid and robust reduction in depressive symptoms. The authors discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Noggin acts downstream of Wnt and Sonic Hedgehog to antagonize BMP4 in avian somite patterning (1997)

In the vertebrate embryo, the lateral compartment of the somite gives rise to muscles of the limb and body wall and is patterned in response to lateral-plate-derived BMP4. Activation of the myogenic program distinctive to the medial somite, i.e. relatively immediate development of the epaxial muscle lineage, requires neutralization of this lateral signal. We have analyzed the properties of molecules likely to play a role in opposing lateral somite specification by BMP4. We propose that the BMP4 antagonist Noggin plays an important role in promoting medial somite patterning in vivo. We demonstrate that Noggin expression in the somite is under the control of a neural-tube-derived factor, whose effect can be mimicked experimentally by Wnt1. Wnt1 is appropriately expressed in the neural tube. Furthermore, we show that Sonic Hedgehog is able to activate ectopic expression of Noggin resulting in the blocking of BMP4 specification of the lateral somite. Our results are consistent with a model in which Noggin activation lies downstream of the SHH and Wnt signaling pathways.
Nonaqueous Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Indium Oxide and Zinc Oxide in the Oxygen-Free Solvent Acetonitrile (2006)

The nonaqueous preparation of nanocrystalline indium and zinc oxide involving the solvothermal reaction of metal acetylacetonates with acetonitrile is presented. The synthesis approach is characterized by a particularly moderate reaction temperature of 100 °C and by the use of an oxygen-free solvent. The oxygen for the metal oxide formation is supplied by the acetylacetonate ligand of the precursor molecules. In the case of In2O3, the product consists of crystalline nanoparticles with a spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution in the range of 3−6 nm. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the ZnO nanoparticles are in the size range of 15−85 nm, sometimes with well-faceted hexagonal morphology. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data as well as high-resolution TEM point to mesocrystal formation, i.e., the ZnO nanoparticles are composed of a highly oriented arrangement of smaller nanocrystallites that scatter like a single crystal.
Studies on uricosuric diuretics. I. 6,7-Dichloro-5-sulfamoyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acids. (1987)

2, 3-Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives having various sulfamoyl groups at the 5-position were synthesized and tested for oral diuretic and saluretic activities in rats and mice. Intraperitoneal uricosuric activity was also tested by a clearance method using oxonate-treated rats. Structureactivity relationships are presented. The 6, 7-dichloro-5-N, N-disubstituted sulfamoyl-2, 3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids (9ab, ac, 13a and b) having lower alkyl substituents showed the most potent diuretic and saluretic activities among the compounds synthesized. Hyperuricosuric activity was observed in 6, 7-dichloro-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acids and 2-hydroxymethyl-6, 7-dichloro-2, 3-dihydrobenzofurans having a 5-sulfamoyl group, with relatively small substituents (9aa-ac, af, ak, al, an, ao and 16a-c). The saluretic activity of 9ab showed a high-ceiling profile. Examination of the enantiomers of 9ab revealed that the (-) -enantiomer is responsible for most of the diuretic and saluretic activities, while the (+) -enantiomer is responsible for most of the uricosuric activity.
If program decisions hinged only on information: A response to patton (1988)

This is the third part of a miniseries on the use of evaluation. For those of you who missed the earlier episodes, I'll start with a brief recap You can also enjoy the drama and beauty of this episode without worrying about what went before. I gave a speech at the American Evaluation Association in October 1987, which also appeared in the February 1988 issue of Evaluation Practice. The paper discussed obstacles to the use of evaluation results, channels by which the obstacles are circumvented and results come into currency, and the functions that evaluations serve. I intended to illustrate the many and varied ways in which evaluation results influence programming even when program decision makers do not implement results immediately and directly Compared to much that has beenand is being-written about the sorry fate of evaluations, I intended it to be a beacon of hope. Although I thought it was an upbeat talk, Michael Q. Patton, who spoke at AEA the following day and whose speech was published in the May 1988 issue of this journal, took exception to it. He especially disagreed with two points I had made First, he disagreed with my statement that evaluators have had indifferent success in making evaluation the basis of decisions . He said that success was much greater than I had indicated. Second, he believed that my vision for the future was dismal. He quoted my statement:
Structural health monitoring system using FBG sensor for simultaneous detection of acceleration and strain (2005)

Structural health monitoring systems are being recognized as effective tools to minimize maintenance costs for civil infrastructures. Recently, many damage evaluation methods for the systems have been proposed. For example, natural frequencies were used for global monitoring, and strain measurement for local monitoring. In this study, a novel monitoring system that measures two physical values simultaneously, acceleration and strain, by a single sensor is proposed. At first, a hybrid FBG sensor for monitoring strain and acceleration is proposed. The sensor consists of an FBG element and a mass to form a vibration system. Then, a monitoring system using the hybrid FBG sensor and support vector machines is proposed. Many damage scenarios for a moment-resistant frame were tested. The results show that the sensitivities of strain and natural frequency are significantly different. It is confirmed that combined use of acceleration and strain measurement enhances the performance of the system.
Angiotensin II blockade prevents hyperglycemia-induced activation of JAK and STAT proteins in diabetic rat kidney glomeruli (2004)

Clinical and animal studies show that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or ANG II-receptor antagonists slows progression of nephropathy in diabetes, indicating ANG II plays an important role in its development. We previously reported that hyperglycemia augments both ANG II-induced growth and activation of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins in cultured rat mesangial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase enzyme JAK2 plays a key role in both ANG II- and hyperglycemia-induced growth in these cells. We hypothesized that the ACE inhibitor captopril and the ANG II-receptor antagonist candesartan would hinder hyperglycemic-induced activation of JAK and STAT proteins in rat glomeruli, demonstrating that ANG II plays an important role in the activation of these proteins in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg iv) or vehicle, and glomeruli were isolated 2 wk later. Activation of JAK and STAT proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis for specific tyrosine phosphorylation. Groups of rats were given captopril (75-85 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), candesartan (10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), or the JAK2 inhibitor AG-490 (5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for the study's duration. STZ stimulated glomerular phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. Phosphorylation was reduced in rats treated with captopril, candesartan, and AG-490. Furthermore, both candesartan and AG-490 inhibited STZ-induced increases in urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that hyperglycemia induces activation of JAK2 and the STATs in vivo via an ANG II-dependent mechanism and that these proteins may be involved in the early kidney damage associated with diabetes.
Subtractive isolation of phage-displayed single-chain antibodies to thymic stromal cells by using intact thymic fragments (1997)

In the murine thymus, the stroma forms microenvironments that control different steps in T cell development. To study the architecture of such microenvironments and more particularly the nature of communicative signals in lympho-stromal interaction during T cell development, we have employed the phage antibody display technology, with the specific aim of isolating thymic stromal cell-specific single-chain antibodies from a semisynthetic phage library. A subtractive approach using intact, mildly fixed thymic fragments as target tissue and lymphocytes as absorber cells generated monoclonal phages (MoPhabs) detecting subsets of murine thymic stromal cells. In the present paper we report on the reactivity of single-chain antibodies derived from three MoPhabs, TB4-4, TB4-20, and TB4-28. While TB4-4 and TB4-20 are both epithelium specific, TB4-28 detects an epitope expressed on both epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived stromal cells. TB4-4 reacts with all cortical epithelial cells and with other endoderm-derived epithelia, but this reagent leaves the majority of medullary epithelial cells unstained. In contrast, MoPhab TB4-20 detects both cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, as well as other endoderm- and ectoderm-derived epithelial cells. Cross-reaction of single-chain antibodies to human thymic stromal cells shows that our semisynthetic phage antibody display library, in combination with the present subtractive approach, permits detection of evolutionary conserved epitopes expressed on subsets of thymic stromal cells.
Improved Overall Survival Among Responders to Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (2001)

The aim of this study was to determine if the response to preoperative radiation and chemotherapy with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was predictive for survival among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Preoperative chemoradiation (CTX/XRT) that delivered 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with continuous infusion 5-FU (300 mg/m2/day) was given to 117 patients. The pretreatment stage distribution, as determined by endorectal ultrasound (u), included uT2N0 in 2%, uT3N0 in 47%, uT3N1 in 49%, and uT4N0 in 2% of cases; endorectal ultrasound was not performed in 13% of cases (15 patients). Approximately 6 weeks after completion of CTX/XRT, surgery was performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of 400 to 425 mg/m2 of 5-FU plus 20 mg/m2 leucovorin for 5 days, was administered every 28 days for 4 to 6 cycles after surgical resection. Among the 74 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, the preoperative stage of disease was 31 with T3N0 and 43 T3N1. Median follow-up was 46 months (range 2 to 89 months). The pathologic tumor stages were Tis-2N0 in 26%, T2N1 in 5%, T3N0 in 21%, T3N1 in 15%, T4N0 in 5%, and T4N1 in 1%; a complete response (CR) to preoperative CTX/XRT was pathologically confirmed in 32 (27%) of patients. Tumor down-staging occurred in 72 (62%) cases. A sphincter-saving procedure (SP) was possible in 59% of patients. The median DFS and overall survival rates for responders were 46 months and 47 months, respectively; for non-responders these outcome measures were 38 months and 41 months, respectively. Log-rank analysis showed that the distant metastatic-free survival rates improved with any response to CTX/XRT (p < 0.00001), CR to CTX/XRT (p < 0.009) and SP (p < 0.012). Likewise, these parameters also significantly influenced DFS rates (CTX/XRT p < 0.00001; CR p < 0.006; and SP p < 0.008). Control of pelvic disease was influenced by clinical size (p < 0.002) and SP (p < 0.016) on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis only clinical size (p < 0.002) continued to be a significant factor for local control. Factors on multivariate analysis that resulted in significant improvements in cancer-specific survival included any response to preoperative CTX/XRT (p < 0.017) and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.034). Any response to preoperative CTX/XRT improved distant metastatic-free and disease-free survival rates. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a response to preoperative CTX/XRT predicted for improvements in overall survival among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Patients who fail to respond to preoperative 5-FU based chemotherapy given concomitantly with radiation have higher rates of distant metastases with adjuvant 5-FU therapy.
Miniature bias-tee networks integrated in micro-coaxial lines (2010)

This paper presents miniature broadband bias tee networks designed in a micro-coaxial environment. The process for fabricating the air-filled coaxial lines by wafer-scale sequential metal deposition, referred to as PolyStrata™, enables hybrid assembly of surface-mount components such as inductors and capacitors, enabling DC blocks and RF chokes. The microcoaxial lines can be designed with a wide variety of characteristic impedances fabricated in the same process, allowing for easier matching to active devices such as power amplifiers, which typically have low input and output impedances. In this paper, bias tee networks in both 12Ω and 50Ω environments are demonstrated with 0402 capacitors and 0402 inductors, as well as with monolithically integrated coil inductors. The measured performance shows 14 dB insertion loss from 4 to 16GHz with a better than 0.75 dB return loss and up to 5A power handling in a circuit with a 8.3mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> footprint.
Visual experience sculpts whole-cortex spontaneous infraslow activity patterns through an Arc-dependent mechanism (2017)

Decades of work in experimental animals has established the importance of visual experience during critical periods for the development of normal sensory-evoked responses in the visual cortex. However, much less is known concerning the impact of early visual experience on the systems-level organization of spontaneous activity. Human resting-state fMRI has revealed that infraslow fluctuations in spontaneous activity are organized into stereotyped spatiotemporal patterns across the entire brain. Furthermore, the organization of spontaneous infraslow activity (ISA) is plastic in that it can be modulated by learning and experience, suggesting heightened sensitivity to change during critical periods. Here we used wide-field optical intrinsic signal imaging in mice to examine whole-cortex spontaneous ISA patterns. Using monocular or binocular visual deprivation, we examined the effects of critical period visual experience on the development of ISA correlation and latency patterns within and across cortical resting-state networks. Visual modification with monocular lid suturing reduced correlation between left and right cortices (homotopic correlation) within the visual network, but had little effect on internetwork correlation. In contrast, visual deprivation with binocular lid suturing resulted in increased visual homotopic correlation and increased anti-correlation between the visual network and several extravisual networks, suggesting cross-modal plasticity. These network-level changes were markedly attenuated in mice with genetic deletion of Arc, a gene known to be critical for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Taken together, our results suggest that critical period visual experience induces global changes in spontaneous ISA relationships, both within the visual network and across networks, through an Arc-dependent mechanism.