gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial and Neuronal Functions in Cerebral and Temporal Arteries From Monkeys Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet (2002)

Modifications by hyperlipidemia of endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were evaluated in cerebral and temporal arteries from control and hyperlipidemic (high cholesterol-fed) monkeys. Histologically atherosclerotic lesions were not observed in either group. Relaxations induced by histamine, abolished by N(G)-nitro->L-arginine (>L-NA), were significantly potentiated in the hyperlipidemic monkey cerebral arteries, compared with those in the arteries from control monkeys. Treatment with superoxide dismutase did not affect the histamine-induced relaxation. Conversely, endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by A23187, Ca2+ ionophore, in cerebral arteries did not differ between control and hyperlipidemic monkeys. In temporal arteries, relaxations by acetylcholine and A23187 did not differ between control and hyperlipidemic monkeys. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations by adenosine diphosphate in cerebral and temporal arteries were not affected by hyperlipidemia. Endothelium-independent relaxations by exogenously applied nitric oxide did not differ in the arteries from control and hyperlipidemic monkeys. Nicotine-induced relaxations in cerebral arteries, which were mediated with nitric oxide released from nitroxidergic (nitrergic) nerves, and the contractions caused by nicotine in temporal and mesenteric arteries treated with >L-NA did not differ between control and hyperlipidemic monkeys. It is concluded that long exposure to hyperlipidemia did not affect endothelial functions of monkey middle cerebral and temporal arteries but enhanced nitric oxide-mediated relaxations caused by histamine, possibly due to upregulation of endothelial histamine receptor-mediated functions in the cerebral arteries. The nitroxidergic (nitrergic) and adrenergic nerve functions do not seem to be affected by hyperlipidemia.
Effects of Isofloxythepin on Central and Peripheral Histamine Systems (1989)

The effects of isofloxythepin, a dibenzo[b,f]thiepin derivative, on the central and peripheral histamine systems were compared with those of chlorpro-mazine and haloperidol. The three drugs examined all inhibited both the histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum and the specific [3H]mepyramine binding to guinea pig brain membranes in a dose-dependent manner. The effectiveness in inhibiting these reactions was in the order of: chlorpromazine>isofloxythepin>haloperidol. The histamine-induced relaxation of rat uterus, which is mediated by H2-receptors, was not affected by isofloxythepin. The effect of isofloxythepin on the pargyline-induced accumulation of tele-methylhistamine in the mouse brain was indicative of a decrease in histamine turnover, whereas chlorpromazine and haloperidol were devoid of such effects. Isofloxythepin inhibited both the lethal effect of histamine injected i.v. in mice and histamine-induced edema in rat hind paws far more strongly than chlorpromazine or haloperidol did. These results show that isofloxythepin is a neuroleptic with H1-antagonist properties, which are intermediate in potency between those of chlorpromazine and haloperidol, and also it may have an inhibitory action on histamine turnover in the brain. Protection against the lethal effect of histamine and the inhibition of histamine edema by isofloxythepin may largely be due to mechanisms other than the blocking of H1-receptors.
Warping and partitioning for low error shadow maps (2006)

We evaluate several shadow map algorithms based on warping and partitioning using the maximum perspective aliasing error over the entire view frustum. With respect to our error metric, we show that a range of warping parameters corresponding to several previous warping algorithms have the same error. We also analyze several partitioning schemes to determine which produces the least maximum error using the least number of partitions. Finally, we show how warping and partitioning can be combined for interactive rendering of low error shadows in scenes with a high depth range.
Organic acids: old metabolites, new themes (2006)

Abstract Fumaric, L ‐malic and citric acids are intermediates of the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle which in eukaryotes is localized in mitochondria. These organic acids are synthesized and accumulated in the medium to very high concentrations by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus sp. This article reviews basic research on the unusual acid production capability and the associated metabolic pathways operating under defined stress conditions in these specific fungi. In particular, we describe and discuss the importance of the cytosolic reductive TCA pathway, which includes the cytosolic activities of pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, for production of fumaric and L ‐malic acids. This article also describes the differences between fumaric acid, L ‐malic acid and citric acid production by different organisms (filamentous fungi, yeast, and higher eukaryotes), and the possible application of novel technologies (genetic engineering and bioinformatics) to fungal systems which may offer new industrial potential of filamentous fungi for the production of valuable metabolites. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Solubility of Polystyrene Fractions in Hydrocarbons (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of Polystyrene Fractions in HydrocarbonsP. O. PowersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 12, 2558–2562Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50492a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50492a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dead-block prediction & dead-block correlating prefetchers (2001)

Effective data prefetching requires accurate mechanisms to predict both “which” cache blocks to prefetch and “when” to prefetch them. This paper proposes the Dead-Block Predictors (DBPs), trace-based predictors that accurately identify “when” an Ll data cache block becomes evictable or “dead”. Predicting a dead block significantly enhances prefetching lookahead and opportunity, and enables placing data directly into Ll, obviating the need for auxiliary prefetch buffers. This paper also proposes Dead-Block Correlating Prefetchers (DBCPs), that use address correlation to predict “which” subsequent block to prefetch when a block becomes evictable. A DBCP enables effective data prefetching in a wide spectrum of pointer-intensive, integer, and floating-point applications.
The TYCHO system for computer analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns. (1981)

We describe here a computer system for the analysis of high-resolution two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis patterns, with some initial applications. The system (called TYCHO) comprises programs for image acquisition, background subtraction and smoothing, spot detection, gaussian spot modeling, and pattern matching and comparison. It is based on a conventional minicomputer, but makes extensive use of a high-speed array processor in the image-processing and -modeling steps. Used in concert with the ISO-DALT two-dimensional electrophoresis system (Anal. Biochem. 85:331-354, 1978), TYCHO allows quantitative measurement of hundreds of proteins in complex biological samples, and constitutes the initial data-reduction system required for work towards a Human Protein Index.
Quantitative Analysis of Isotope Distributions In Proteomic Mass Spectrometry Using Least-Squares Fourier Transform Convolution (2008)

Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry involves comparison of the amplitudes of peaks resulting from different isotope labeling patterns, including fractional atomic labeling and fractional residue labeling. We have developed a general and flexible analytical treatment of the complex isotope distributions that arise in these experiments, using Fourier transform convolution to calculate labeled isotope distributions and least-squares for quantitative comparison with experimental peaks. The degree of fractional atomic and fractional residue labeling can be determined from experimental peaks at the same time as the integrated intensity of all of the isotopomers in the isotope distribution. The approach is illustrated using data with fractional (15)N-labeling and fractional (13)C-isoleucine labeling. The least-squares Fourier transform convolution approach can be applied to many types of quantitative proteomic data, including data from stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and pulse labeling experiments.
Stability of fiber Bragg grating sensors for integration into high-voltage transformers for online monitoring (2003)

Based on the changes occuring on the electricity market, online monitoring of h-v transformers becomes an important aspect to supervise the actually operating conditions of old devices and to assess the residual lifetime. The use of optical sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings offers the possibility to measure the temperature and the partial discharges directly at the active part of h-v transformers. For a successful integration of the FBGs inside the transformer the long-term stability and optical fiber's influence on the dielectric strength of transformer oil is investigated.
Combination paclitaxel (1-hour) and carboplatin (AUC 7.5) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study by the Fox Chase Cancer Center Network. (1996)

We have previously reported a 62% response rate and 54% 1-year survival rate for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) by 24-hour infusion in combination with carboplatin, using area under the concentration-time curve dosing (FCCC 93-024). Myelosuppression proved dose limiting, but was substantially reduced by the routine use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during the second and subsequent cycles. Antitumor activity has been reported with minimal myelosuppression, with paclitaxel 135 and 200 mg/m2 given every 3 weeks by 1-hour infusion to patients with NSCLC. In November 1994, we initiated a phase II trial of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 given over 1 hour, with carboplatin dosed to a fixed, targeted area under the concentration-time curve of 7.5 every 3 weeks. In the absence of grade 4 myelosuppression, paclitaxel was escalated on an intrapatient basis by 35 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum dose of 280 mg/m2 by cycle 4. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was not routinely used. Eligibility stipulated advanced, measurable, chemotherapy-naive NSCLC. Of 47 patients accrued, 39 (83%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1. The median age was 64 years; 40 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Of the first 20 evaluable patients accrued (cohort A), myelosuppression was tolerable. Cumulative peripheral sensory neuropathy grade > or = 1 in 15 (75%) patients and grade 3 in six (30%), however, generally occurring at paclitaxel doses greater than 215 mg/m2, obligated removal from study of at least three patients, despite the absence of disease progression, and proved to be dose-limiting. Consequently, the protocol was revised: the starting dose of paclitaxel was reduced to 135 mg/m2, with intrapatient dose escalation of 40 mg/m2 per cycle to a maximum dose of 215 mg/m2, thus recapitulating the original dosing schema used in FCCC 93-024. To date, 25 patients have been enrolled in this second cohort (cohort B) and treatment has been better tolerated. Of 21 evaluable patients, 13 (62%) have experienced peripheral sensory neuropathy, but only one (5%) has been grade 3. Myelosuppression also has been less pronounced, with 33% grade 4 granulocytopenia and 13% grade > or = 3 thrombocytopenia in cohort B compared with 70% and 50%, respectively, in cohort A. Of the first 22 patients accrued to cohort A, 12 (55%) had major objective responses. Median event-free survival is 23 weeks and median survival is 47 weeks. Of 15 evaluable patients in cohort B, five (33%) have had major objective responses. It is too early to report survival data. In conclusion, paclitaxel by 1-hour infusion in combination with carboplatin at a fixed targeted area under the concentration-time curve of 7.5 is an active regimen in advanced NSCLC. Neurotoxicity, rather than myelosuppression, is dose and protocol limiting at paclitaxel doses exceeding 215 mg/m2.
In vitro synergistic inhibition of human bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor growth by a 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-thymidine, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine combination. (1997)

In vitro growth of human normal bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GMs) and erythroid burst forming units (BFU-Es) was dose-dependently inhibited by 3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine (AZT) (from 0.1 microM to 4 microM) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) (from 0.01 microM to 1.0 microM). These ranges included minimum in vitro inhibitory concentrations to HIV-1 and concentrations corresponding to plasma level achievable in vivo. A synergistic inhibitory effect, statistically highly significant, was observed when combinations of the two drugs were added to cultures. This severe in vitro toxicity of ddC and the synergistic toxicity of AZT-ddC combinations on hemopoietic progenitor cells should be considered when the two drugs are administered in concurrent or alternating regimens.
A Query Algebra for Fragmented XML Stream Data (2003)

The increased usage of mobile devices coupled with an unprecedented demand for information has pushed the scalability problem of pull-based data service to the focus. A broadcast model of streaming data over a wireless medium has been proposed to be a viable alternative for information dissemination. In the streaming broadcast model, servers broadcast data in an asynchronous and unacknowledged mode while clients process personalized and complex queries locally, relieving the load on the server. We address the query processing of streamed XML data, which is fragmented into manageable chunks for easier synchronization. Although there has been some work done in defining algebras that model XQueries on XML documents, no work has been done in defining query algebras for fragmented XML stream data. We define a model for processing fragmented XML stream data, using the concept of holes and fillers. This model offers the flexibility required by the server to disseminate data in manageable fragments, whenever they become available, and to send repetitions, replacements and removal of fragments. We then present a query algebra for XQuery that operates on this streamed XML data model. The XML fragments are operated upon in a continuous pipelined fashion without the need of materializing the transmitted document at the client site.
BioNumbers—the database of key numbers in molecular and cell biology (2009)

BioNumbers (http://www.bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu) is a database of key numbers in molecular and cell biology--the quantitative properties of biological systems of interest to computational, systems and molecular cell biologists. Contents of the database range from cell sizes to metabolite concentrations, from reaction rates to generation times, from genome sizes to the number of mitochondria in a cell. While always of importance to biologists, having numbers in hand is becoming increasingly critical for experimenting, modeling, and analyzing biological systems. BioNumbers was motivated by an appreciation of how long it can take to find even the simplest number in the vast biological literature. All numbers are taken directly from a literature source and that reference is provided with the number. BioNumbers is designed to be highly searchable and queries can be performed by keywords or browsed by menus. BioNumbers is a collaborative community platform where registered users can add content and make comments on existing data. All new entries and commentary are curated to maintain high quality. Here we describe the database characteristics and implementation, demonstrate its use, and discuss future directions for its development.
ADVANCED SPECTRAL METHODS FOR CLIMATIC TIME SERIES (2002)

The analysis of univariate or multivariate time series provides crucial information to describe, understand, and predict climatic variability. The discovery and implementation of a number of novel methods for extracting useful information from time series has recently revitalized this classical field of study. Considerable progress has also been made in interpreting the information so obtained in terms of dynamical systems theory. In this review we describe the connections between time series analysis and nonlinear dynamics, discuss signal‐to‐noise enhancement, and present some of the novel methods for spectral analysis. The various steps, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, are illustrated by their application to an important climatic time series, the Southern Oscillation Index. This index captures major features of interannual climate variability and is used extensively in its prediction. Regional and global sea surface temperature data sets are used to illustrate multivariate spectral methods. Open questions and further prospects conclude the review.
On the Combination of Silent Error Detection and Checkpointing (2013)

In this paper, we revisit traditional check pointing and rollback recovery strategies, with a focus on silent data corruption errors. Contrarily to fail-stop failures, such latent errors cannot be detected immediately, and a mechanism to detect them must be provided. We consider two models: (i) errors are detected after some delays following a probability distribution (typically, an Exponential distribution), (ii) errors are detected through some verification mechanism. In both cases, we compute the optimal period in order to minimize the waste, i.e., the fraction of time where nodes do not perform useful computations. In practice, only a fixed number of checkpoints can be kept in memory, and the first model may lead to an irrecoverable failure. In this case, we compute the minimum period required for an acceptable risk. For the second model, there is no risk of irrecoverable failure, owing to the verification mechanism, but the corresponding overhead is included in the waste. Finally, both models are instantiated using realistic scenarios and application/architecture parameters.
Adenovirus-Based Strategies Overcome Temozolomide Resistance by Silencing the O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Promoter (2007)

Currently, the most efficacious treatment for malignant gliomas is temozolomide; however, gliomas expressing the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are resistant to this drug. Strong clinical evidence shows that gliomas with methylation and subsequent silencing of the MGMT promoter are sensitive to temozolomide. Based on the fact that adenoviral proteins directly target and inactivate key DNA repair genes, we hypothesized that the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD could be successfully combined with temozolomide to overcome the reported MGMT-mediated resistance. Our studies showed that the combination of Delta-24-RGD and temozolomide induces a profound therapeutic synergy in glioma cells. We observed that Delta-24-RGD treatment overrides the temozolomide-mediated G(2)-M arrest. Furthermore, Delta-24-RGD infection was followed by down-modulation of the RNA levels of MGMT. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Delta-24-RGD prevented the recruitment of p300 to the MGMT promoter. Importantly, using mutant adenoviruses and wild-type and dominant-negative forms of the p300 protein, we showed that Delta-24-RGD interaction with p300 was required to induce silencing of the MGMT gene. Of further clinical relevance, the combination of Delta-24-RGD and temozolomide significantly improved the survival of glioma-bearing mice. Collectively, our data provide a strong mechanistic rationale for the combination of oncolytic adenoviruses and temozolomide, and should propel the clinical testing of this therapy approach in patients with malignant gliomas.
Antiatherogenic effects of L-arginine in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic administration of L-arginine, the precursor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), normalizes endothelium-dependent relaxation and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic animals. Male rabbits were fed (a) normal rabbit chow; (b) 1% cholesterol diet; or (c) 1% cholesterol diet supplemented by 2.25% L-arginine HCl in drinking water. Arginine supplementation doubled plasma arginine levels without affecting serum cholesterol values. After 10 wk, the thoracic aorta was harvested for studies of vascular reactivity and histomorphometry. Endothelium-dependent relaxations (to acetylcholine and calcium ionophore A23187) were significantly impaired in thoracic aortae from animals fed a 1% cholesterol diet. By contrast, vessels from hypercholesterolemic animals receiving L-arginine supplementation exhibited significantly improved endothelium-dependent relaxations. Responses to norepinephrine or nitroglycerin were not affected by either dietary intervention. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a reduction in lesion surface area and intimal thickness in thoracic aortae from arginine-supplemented animals compared to those from untreated hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This is the first study to demonstrate that supplementation of dietary L-arginine, the EDRF precursor, improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. More importantly, we have shown that this improvement in EDRF activity is associated with a reduction in atherogenesis.
Explicit analysis of channel mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADC systems (2001)

A time-interleaved A-D converter (ADC) system is an effective way to implement a high-sampling-rate ADC with relatively slow circuits. In the system, several channel ADCs operate at interleaved sampling times as if they were effectively a single ADC operating at a much higher sampling rate. However, mismatches such as offset, gain mismatches among channel ADCs as well as timing skew of the clocks distributed to them degrade S/N of the ADC system as a whole. This paper analyzes the channel mismatch effects in the time-interleaved ADC system. Previous analysis showed the effect for each mismatch individually, however in this paper we derive explicit formulas for the mismatch effects when all of offset, gain and timing mismatches exist together. We have clarified that the gain and timing mismatch effects interact with each other but the offset mismatch effect is independent from them, and this can be seen clearly in frequency domain. We also discuss the bandwidth mismatch effect. The derived formulas can be used for calibration algorithms to compensate for the channel mismatch effects.