gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Sodium Batteries with Beta‐Alumina Solid Electrolyte (1975)

The principal characteristics of a new class of high‐energy density primary batteries are described. These batteries employ sodium beta‐alumina as a solid electrolyte membrane that separates the reactants, sodium‐mercury amalgam as the anode, and halogens, water, or air as the oxidants. The batteries operate at or near ambient temperatures and produce very high cell voltages and energy densities. They have an essentially nondetectable rate of self‐discharge, and shelf and operating times of ten years appear feasible. A present limitation is their low power drain capability. The operating features of the sodium‐mercury amalgam anode, the cell polarization characteristics, and the discharge behavior of cells employing various liquid cathodes are described.
Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Human Cancer: A Potential Target for Drug Discovery (2007)

The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that localizes to the points of cell contact with the extracellular matrix, called focal adhesions. FAK is involved in several cellular processes including invasion, motility, proliferation and apoptosis. In in vivo animal studies, FAK has been shown to contribute to tumor development and malignancy. Furthermore, FAK expression was shown to be elevated in a number of human cancers. Increased FAK expression and activity are correlated with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis in patients. Taken together, these studies suggest that FAK is a potentially good target for drug discovery. In this review, FAK and its relationship to cancer, as well as approaches to therapeutic intervention of FAK will be discussed.
<title>Optical waveguide-grating filters</title> (1993)

The guided-mode resonance characteristics of planar dielectric waveguide gratings with arbitrary grating slant are discussed. These all-dielectric structures can operate as high- efficiency, narrow-line reflective filters. Expressions and graphs defining the resonance regimes and the resonance locations and their separations for TE and TM modes are given. It is shown that the typically asymmetric filter response found when the filter is in asymmetric waveguide-grating geometry can be made nearly symmetric by proper choice of the thickness. A three-wave analytical solution for the case of normal incidence on an unslanted waveguide grating is derived and verified by comparison with rigorously calculated results. Example results describing the resonance behavior under Gaussian beam illumination show that if the angular spectrum of the Gaussian beam can be accommodated within the angular corridor of the waveguide-grating filter, a high-efficiency resonance can occur. There are numerous potential applications of the guided-mode resonance effects described in this paper such as laser resonator mirrors and narrow-line reflection filters as well as new thin-film antireflection resonant structures, polarizers, and electro-optical switches.
Angiotensin II in Treatment of Hypotensive States (1963)

Synthetic angiotensin II (SA II) is an effective pressor agent in hypotensive states. In this experience the theoretically expected advantages over available agents have been demonstrated. SA II was administered to 14 patients with hypotensive states of varied origin and was effective to some degree in all, including those who were relatively unresponsive to other pressor agents. Responsiveness to SA II tended to diminish with deterioration of clinical status of patients who did not survive and to increase as patients capable of recovery improved. Perhaps characteristically, responses were poor or briefly sustained in four patients with portal cirrhosis. The agent seemed most helpful in two of three patients with apparent bacteremic shock.
Merging and splitting eigenspace models (2000)

We present new deterministic methods that, given two eigenspace models-each representing a set of n-dimensional observations-will: 1) merge the models to yield a representation of the union of the sets and 2) split one model from another to represent the difference between the sets. As this is done, we accurately keep track of the mean. Here, we give a theoretical derivation of the methods, empirical results relating to the efficiency and accuracy of the techniques, and three general applications, including the construction of Gaussian mixture models that are dynamically updateable.
Effect of Growth Factors on Bone Cell Replication and Differentiation (1985)

Bone formation is a process regulated by effects on bone cell replication and on differentiated function, which is primarily represented by changes in bone collagen synthesis. The effects of hormones on bone formation have been reviewed extensively, and this article describes the effects of systemic and local growth factors. Systemic growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, stimulate cell replication in skeletal and nonskeletal tissues but inhibit differentiated function; platelet-derived growth factor stimulates cell replication and generalized protein synthesis by differentiated cells. The only systemic factor that simultaneously stimulates bone cell replication and differentiation is insulinlike growth factor, or somatomedin. The growth of skeletal and nonskeletal tissues also appears to be regulated by locally synthesized factors. Bone contains an autologous bone-derived growth factor that stimulates bone collagen and DNA synthesis, while cartilage contains a somatomedinlike peptide that stimulates cartilage growth. Other noncollagenous bone proteins, such as osteonectin and osteocalcin, might have a role in mineralization, but, as yet, they have not been reported to have a definite effect on bone formation. Bone also contains prostaglandins and local regulators of bone resorption, while the macrophage, an osteoclast-related cell, releases peptides that stimulate bone formation in vitro. In conclusion, bone formation is a complex process regulated not only by hormones but also by systemic and local growth factors.
Sampling a Biomarker of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus across a Synthetic Nanopore (2013)

One primary goal in nanobiotechnology is designing new methodologies for molecular biomedical diagnosis at stages much earlier than currently possible and without use of expensive reagents and sophisticated equipment. In this work, we show the proof of principle for single-molecule detection of the nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7), a protein biomarker of the HIV-1 virus, using synthetic nanopores and the resistive-pulse technique. The biosensing mechanism relied upon specific interactions between NCp7 and aptamers of stem-loop 3 (SL3) in the packaging domain of the retroviral RNA genome. One critical step of this study was the choice of the optimal size of the nanopores for accurate, label-free determinations of the dissociation constant of the NCp7 protein-SL3 RNA aptamer complex. Therefore, we systematically investigated the NCp7 protein-SL3 RNA aptamer complex employing two categories of nanopores in a silicon nitride membrane: (i) small, whose internal diameter was smaller than 6 nm, and (ii) large, whose internal diameter was in the range of 7 to 15 nm. Here, we demonstrate that only the use of nanopores with an internal diameter that is smaller than or comparable with the largest cross-sectional size of the NCp7-SL3 aptamer complex enables accurate measurement of the dissociation constant between the two interacting partners. Notably, this determination can be accomplished without the need for prior nanopore functionalization. Moreover, using small solid-state nanopores, we demonstrate the ability to detect drug candidates that inhibit the binding interactions between NCp7 and SL3 RNA by using a test case of N-ethylmaleimide.
Guest Editorial Closing the Loop via Advanced Neurotechnologies (2012)

The ten articles in this special section focus on technological advancements in the area of neurotechnologies.
Reversal of age-related learning deficits and brain oxidative stress in mice with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics (2003)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cognitive impairment in both old experimental animals and aged humans. This implication has led to the notion that antioxidant defense mechanisms in the brain are not sufficient to prevent age-related increase in oxidative damage and that dietary intake of a variety of antioxidants might be beneficial for preserving brain function. Here we report a dramatic loss of learning and memory function from 8 to 11 months of age in mice, associated with marked increases in several markers of brain oxidative stress. Chronic systemic administration of two synthetic catalytic scavengers of reactive oxygen species, Eukarion experimental compounds EUK-189 and EUK-207, from 8 to 11 months almost completely reversed cognitive deficits and increase in oxidative stress taking place during this time period in brain. In particular, increase in protein oxidation was completely prevented, whereas increase in lipid peroxidation was decreased by approximately 50%. In addition, we observed a significant negative correlation between contextual fear learning and levels of protein oxidation in brain. These results further support the role of reactive oxygen species in age-related learning impairment and suggest potential clinical applications for synthetic catalytic scavengers of reactive oxygen species.
Localization via ultra-wideband radios: a look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks (2005)

UWB technology provides an excellent means for wireless positioning due to its high resolution capability in the time domain. Its ability to resolve multipath components makes it possible to obtain accurate location estimates without the need for complex estimation algorithms. In this article, theoretical limits for TOA estimation and TOA-based location estimation for UWB systems have been considered. Due to the complexity of the optimal schemes, suboptimal but practical alternatives have been emphasized. Performance limits for hybrid TOA/SS and TDOA/SS schemes have also been considered. Although the fundamental mechanisms for localization, including AOA-, TOA-, TDOA-, and SS-based methods, apply to all radio air interface, some positioning techniques are favored by UWB-based systems using ultrawide bandwidths.
Pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cells synthesize and secrete proteins of the classical and alternative complement pathways. (1988)

The serum complement system is a major mediator of inflammation reactions. Two of the complement proteins, the third (C3) and fifth (C5) components, are precursors of potent phlogistic molecules, C3a and C5a. C5a has potent chemotactic activity and plays an active role in pulmonary inflammation. We present evidence suggesting that several complement proteins, including C5, are synthesized locally in the lung in alveolar type II epithelial cells. Lung tissue from normal mice synthesized and secreted C5 protein similar to the C5 protein in mouse serum, whereas lung tissue from C5-deficient mice did not. Lung tissues from both normal and C5-deficient mice synthesized C3. Rat lung tissue synthesized and secreted C5, as well as C2, C4, C3, and factor B. Cultures of type II cells (95% type II cells, 5% macrophages) regularly synthesized all these proteins. In contrast, cultures of macrophages alone synthesized large amounts of C2 and factor B, and in some experiments C3 and C4, but never C5. The C5 synthesized by the rat cells was slightly larger than serum C5 (200 kD compared with 180 kD) and was not processed to the two-chain molecule seen in serum. Rat lung tissue and purified type II cells contained C5 mRNA with the same molecular mass as the C5 mRNA in rat liver and in mouse lung and liver. Human type II cells also synthesized C5, as well as C2, C4, C3, and factor B. Human pulmonary macrophages synthesized only C2, factor B, and, in some experiments, C3. Synthesis of complement proteins in cells that line the alveolar wall may provide a local source of these proteins for inflammatory responses in the lung. Local synthesis of complement proteins could be regulated independently of the synthesis in the liver.
A distinct “side population” of cells with high drug efflux capacity in human tumor cells (2004)

A subset of stem cells, termed the "side population" (SP), has been identified in several tissues in mammalian species. These cells maintain a high efflux capability for antimitotic drugs. We have investigated whether functionally equivalent stem cells also may be detected in human cancers. We initially examined primary tumor cells from 23 patients with neuroblastoma and cell lines derived from a range of other tumors. A distinct SP was found in neuroblastoma cells from 15 of 23 patients (65%). The SP was capable of sustained expansion ex vivo and showed evidence for asymmetric division, generating both SP and non-SP progeny. These cells also expressed high levels of ABCG2 and ABCA3 transporter genes and had a greater capacity to expel cytotoxic drugs, such as mitoxantrone, resulting in better survival. A SP also was detected in breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma cell lines, suggesting that this phenotype defines a class of cancer stem cells with inherently high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents that should be targeted during the treatment of malignant disease.
Stimulation of cardiac protein synthesis by insulin-like growth factors (1991)

Conference Article| August 01 1991 Stimulation of cardiac protein synthesis by insulin-like growth factors STEPHEN J. FULLER; STEPHEN J. FULLER 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN R. MYNETT; JOHN R. MYNETT 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PETER H. SUGDEN PETER H. SUGDEN 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (3): 277S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019277s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation STEPHEN J. FULLER, JOHN R. MYNETT, PETER H. SUGDEN; Stimulation of cardiac protein synthesis by insulin-like growth factors. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1991; 19 (3): 277S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019277s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: IGF, insulin-like growth factor This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Comparison of the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus with the 17D vaccine strain derived from it. (1987)

We have sequenced the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus and compared this sequence to that of the 17D vaccine strain, which was derived from it. These two strains of viruses differ by more than 240 passages. We found that the two RNAs, 10,862 nucleotides long, differ at 68 nucleotide positions; these changes result in 32 amino acid differences. Overall, this corresponds to 0.63% nucleotide sequence divergence, and the changes are scattered throughout the genome. The overall divergence at the level of amino acid substitution is 0.94%, but these changes are not randomly distributed among the virus protein. The capsid protein is unchanged, while proteins NS1, NS3, and NS5 contain 0.5% amino acid substitutions, and proteins ns4a and ns4b average 0.8% substitutions. In contrast, proteins ns2a and ns2b have 3.0 and 2.3% amino acid divergence, respectively. The envelope protein also has a relatively high rate of amino acid change of 2.4% (a total of 12 amino acid substitutions). The large number of changes in ns2a and ns2b, which are largely conservative in nature, may result from lowered selective pressure against alteration in this region; among flaviviruses, these polypeptides are much less highly conserved than NS1, NS3, and NS5. However, many of the amino acid substitutions in the E protein are not conservative. It seems likely that at least some of the difference in virulence between the two strains of yellow fever virus results from changes in the envelope protein that affect virus binding to host receptors. Such differences in receptor binding could result in the reduced neurotropism and vicerotropism exhibited by the vaccine strain.
Carbohydrate of the human plasminogen variants. III. Structure of the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide unit. (1979)

The preceding two manuscripts in this issue (Hayes, M. L., and Castellino, F. J. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8768-8771, 8772-8776) describe the isolation and characterization of glycopeptides from human plasminogen affinity chromatography variants 1 and 2. Plasminogen variant 1 contains an asparagine288-based branched carbohydrate structure, which has been established in the immediately preceding manuscript. This structure is absent in variant 2. Plasminogen variants 1 and 2 contain a threonine-based glycoconjugate. This latter structure has been established by combination of methylation data, glycosidase digestions, periodate oxidations, and Smith degradations of the beta-eliminated reduced oligosaccharides. One glycopeptide unit, isolated from both plasminogen variants 1 (1D) and 2 (2D) possessed the following structure: Sia alpha 2 yields 3Gal beta 1 yields 3GalNAc-Thr. The threonine was found to be residue 345 in the Glu-plasminogen sequence. Another glycopeptide unit was also found to be present, in lower yields in both variants 1 (1E) and 2 (2E). The structure of this unit was: Sia alpha 2 yields 3Gal beta1 yields 3GalNAc-Thr. : formula: (see text), alpha 2,6 Sia. Again Thr 345 was the glycosylated amino acid. The amino acid sequence around the glycosylated threonine was found to be NH2-Ala.Pro.Thr(CHO).Ala.Pro.Pro.Glu.
Kinetic Controlled Tag-Catcher Interactions for Directed Covalent Protein Assembly (2016)

Over the last few years, a number of different protein assembly strategies have been developed, greatly expanding the toolbox for controlling macromolecular assembly. One of the most promising developments is a rapid protein ligation approach using a short polypeptide SpyTag and its partner, SpyCatcher derived from Streptococcus pyogenes fibronectin-binding protein, FbaB. To extend this technology, we have engineered and characterized a new Tag-Catcher pair from a related fibronectin-binding protein in Streptococcus dysgalactiae. The polypeptide Tag, named SdyTag, was constructed based on the native Cna protein B-type (CnaB) domain and was found to be highly unreactive to SpyCatcher. SpyCatcher has 320-fold specificity for its native SpyTag compared to SdyTag. Similarly, SdyTag has a 75-fold specificity for its optimized Catcher, named SdyCatcherDANG short, compared to SpyCatcher. These Tag-Catcher pairs were used in combination to demonstrate specific sequential assembly of tagged proteins in vitro. We also demonstrated that the in vivo generation of circularized proteins in a Tag-Catcher specific manner where specific Tags can be left unreacted for use in subsequent ligation reactions. From the success of these experiments, we foresee the application of SdyTags and SpyTags, not only, for multiplexed control of protein assembly but also for the construction of novel protein architectures.
Enterococcus faecalis 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase, an Enzyme of Isopentenyl Diphosphate Biosynthesis (2002)

Biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) proceeds via two distinct pathways. Sequence comparisons and microbiological data suggest that multidrug-resistant strains of gram-positive cocci employ exclusively the mevalonate pathway for IPP biosynthesis. Bacterial mevalonate pathway enzymes therefore offer potential targets for development of active site-directed inhibitors for use as antibiotics. We used the PCR and Enterococcus faecalis genomic DNA to isolate the mvaS gene that encodes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, the second enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. mvaS was expressed in Escherichia coli from a pET28 vector with an attached N-terminal histidine tag. The expressed enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography on Ni(2+)-agarose to apparent homogeneity and a specific activity of 10 micromol/min/mg. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that the enzyme is a dimer (mass, 83.9 kDa; s(20,w), 5.3). Optimal activity occurred in 2.0 mM MgCl(2) at 37(o)C. The DeltaH(a) was 6,000 cal. The pH activity profile, optimum activity at pH 9.8, yielded a pK(a) of 8.8 for a dissociating group, presumably Glu78. The stoichiometry per monomer of acetyl-CoA binding was 1.2 +/- 0.2 and that of covalent acetylation was 0.60 +/- 0.02. The K(m) for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA was 10 microM. Coupled conversion of acetyl-CoA to mevalonate was demonstrated by using HMG-CoA synthase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase/HMG-CoA reductase from E. faecalis.
Study on Establishment of National Technology Transfer System (2004)

In this paper, we examine the necessity and the role of technology transfer/diffusion in the frame of national technology innovation system. On the base of this, we present a construction plan of technology transfer/diffusion system to make the national electric industry for 21st century to possess the competitive power. To achieve above purpose, we examine the relations between theory of technology transfer/diffusion structure and policy. Furthermore, we try to find the necessity for construction of technology transfer ＆ diffusion system and a driving plan. Then, it is analyzed that expected design requirements for the construction of electric technology transfer ＆ diffusion system. Finally, construction and activation plan for electric technology transfer ＆ diffusion system are presented, which would strengthen the national technology competitiveness.
An architecture for real-time multimedia communication systems (1990)

A multimedia communication system includes both the communication protocols used to transport the real-time data and the distributed computing system (DCS) within which any applications using the protocols must execute. The architecture presented attempts to integrate these communications protocols with the DCS in a smooth fashion in order to ease the writing of multimedia applications. Two issues are identified as being essential to the success of this integration: the synchronization of related real-time data streams, and the management of heterogeneous multimedia hardware. The synchronization problem is tackled by defining explicit synchronization properties at the presentation level and by providing control and synchronization operations within the DCS which operate in terms of these properties. The heterogeneity problems are addressed by separating the data transport semantics (protocols themselves) from the control semantics (protocol interfaces).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>