gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brand matters: an examination of small-to-medium sized enterprises (2005)

While an impressive body of literature has emerged focusing on the critical activities involved in brand management for larger organizations, no research has been undertaken to examine branding within small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The present study therefore examines the nature and scope of brand management within an SME context. Findings show significant differences between small and large organizations along nine of the ten brand management dimensions reported in Keller’s (2000) brand report card. Moreover, different brand management practices are associated with business performance in SMEs. Implications of the study are highlighted, limitations noted and directions for future research outlined.
Eliminating Cells Gone Astray (2011)

The therapeutic use of cells from healthy donors or patients is increasing. Decades ago, transfusion medicine and bone marrow transplantation provided the first successful cell therapeutics and established the foundations for cell delivery. Clinical investigation soon uncovered the double-edged facets of some cell products, which, for example, could correct anemia but also cause alloimmunization or eradicate minimal residual leukemia while inducing potentially lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).1 Cell therapies have acquired a new dimension during the past 15 years with the emergence of engineered cells that are directed to differentiate toward a particular function, are genetically modified, or are reprogrammed before . . .
Differential calmodulin binding to three myosin-1 isoforms from liver (1994)

We have previously purified and characterized two myosin-1 isoforms from rat liver (molecular masses 130 kDa and 110 kDa; L. M. Coluccio and C. Conaty (1993) Cell Motil. Cytoskel. 24, 189-199). Here, we describe the purification and characterization from liver of a third myosin-1 (molecular mass 105 kDa) and determine the number of calmodulin molecules associated with each of these three myosin-1 isoforms. The 105 kDa polypeptide, solubilized from liver homogenates with the addition of ATP, co-sediments with F-actin, co-purifies with calmodulin, and binds calmodulin in the presence of EGTA. Antibodies directed against chicken intestinal brush border myosin-1 cross-react with the 105 kDa polypeptide on immunoblots. Partial peptide sequence analysis indicates that the polypeptide corresponds with an MM1 gamma gene product that represents a myosin-1 isoform cloned from mouse brain (Sherr et al. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 120, 1405-1416). A comparison of calmodulin binding to the now three isolated forms of myosin-1 in liver shows that in solution the 105 kDa and 110 kDa polypeptides bind two molecules of calmodulin each whereas the 130 kDa binds six molecules of calmodulin.
Interactive intent modeling (2014)

The system should let users incrementally direct their search toward relevant, though not initially obvious, information.
Ectopic expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 promotes myeloma cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis (2000)

The t(4;14) translocation occurs in 25% of multiple myeloma (MM) and results in both the ectopic expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) from der4 and immunoglobulin heavy chain-MMSET hybrid messenger RNA transcripts from der14. The subsequent selection of activating mutations of the translocated FGFR3 by MM cells indicates an important role for this signaling pathway in tumor development and progression. To investigate the mechanism by which FGFR3 overexpression promotes MM development, interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent murine B9 cells were transduced with retroviruses expressing functional wild-type or constitutively activated mutant FGFR3. Overexpression of mutant FGFR3 resulted in IL-6 independence, decreased apoptosis, and an enhanced proliferative response to IL-6. In the presence of ligand, wild-type FGFR3-expressing cells also exhibited enhanced proliferation and survival in comparison to controls. B9 clones expressing either wild-type FGFR3 at high levels or mutant FGFR3 displayed increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and higher levels of bcl-x(L) expression than did parental B9 cells after cytokine withdrawal. The mechanism of the enhanced cell responsiveness to IL-6 is unknown at this time, but does not appear to be mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases SAPK, p38, or ERK. These findings provide a rational explanation for the mechanism by which FGFR3 contributes to both the viability and propagation of the myeloma clone and provide a basis for the development of therapies targeting this pathway.
Using appliance signatures for monitoring residential loads at meter panel level (1991)

The author presents an initial approach to identifying electrical household appliances strictly by analyzing variations in current-voltage signals at the meter panel level. The study shows that local measurement of variations in active and reactive power is sufficient in most cases to identify an appliance. This measurement must be synchronized with the events. This necessitates a numerical measurement device which can monitor the signal and isolate the times when variations occur. In a second stage, a sorting algorithm identifies the appliance that has operated. An attempt is made to show the feasibility of this device. Test findings secured on site using a test prototype are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bispecific Antibodies for Cancer Therapy (2009)

Bispecific antibodies, in contrast to conventional monoclonal antibodies, can bind simultaneously two different antigens. Taking advantage of this virtue, they are mostly designed for immune effector cell redirection to tumors and for radionuclide pretargeting to tumors. Bispecific antibodies of the first generation were produced by chemical cross-linking or cell-fusion technologies. More recently, the application of genetic engineering technologies gave rise to numerous formats of bispecific antibody fragments and whole IgG molecules. Because bispecific antibodies enable therapeutic strategies that are not possible with conventional monoclonal antibodies, they attract strong interest. Several bispecific antibody formats have already shown clinical efficacy in cancer patients, catalyzing efforts to translate the imaginative bispecific antibody concepts into effective therapies.
Depth Scaling of Multiview Images for Automultiscopic 3D Monitors (2008)

In this paper, we present a depth scaling method for multiview images that could provide an effective control of stereoscopic depth range. Unlike the previous works that change a camera configuration, our proposed method utilizes depth data in order to carry out the scaling of a depth range requested by users. In particular, our method can deal with multiview images captured by multiple cameras, and can be expanded from stereoscopic to multiview images. Our experimental results tested on automultiscopic 3D displays show that the perceived depth is appropriately scaled according to a user's preferred depth.
Akkermansia muciniphila inversely correlates with the onset of inflammation, altered adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic disorders during obesity in mice (2015)

Recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity. Indeed, diet-induced obesity (DIO) has been associated to substantial changes in gut microbiota composition in rodent models. In the context of obesity, enhanced adiposity is accompanied by low-grade inflammation of this tissue but the exact link with gut microbial community remains unknown. In this report, we studied the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) administration on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition over different periods of time. We found that Akkermansia muciniphila abundance was strongly and negatively affected by age and HFD feeding and to a lower extend Bilophila wadsworthia was the only taxa following an opposite trend. Different approaches, including multifactorial analysis, showed that these changes in Akkermansia muciniphila were robustly correlated with the expression of lipid metabolism and inflammation markers in adipose tissue, as well as several circulating parameters (i.e., glucose, insulin, triglycerides, leptin) from DIO mice. Thus, our data shows the existence of a link between gut Akkermansia muciniphila abundance and adipose tissue homeostasis on the onset of obesity, thus reinforcing the beneficial role of this bacterium on metabolism.
WAXS and SAXS investigation of the supermolecular structure of LDPE films irradiated with fast electrons (1988)

Abstract Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films irradiated with fast electrons within the range of irradiation doses 0-40 Mrad have been studied by means of WAXS and SAXS. The degree of crystallinity, the total intensity of WAXS, and the dimension of the mosaic blocks in the [110] and [200] directions have been found to be almost independent of the irradiation dose. The SAXS parameters (long period, lamella thickness, intensity of scattering from the diffuse and the discrete regions, total intensity) depend on the dose in the same way. A parallel has been made between the x-ray and the calorimetric degree of crystallinity. The latter shows a threefold greater decrease with the increase of the dose, in comparison with the former. The average dimensions of the scattering particles, as well as the difference between the crystalline and the amorphous density (ρc-ρa), do not change with the increase of the irradiation dose. The data obtained lead us to the conclusion that the irradiation of LDPE films with fast electrons at low doses results in the formation of a nonhomogenous network. The points of crosslinking are localized within the amorphous phase and the surface nonarranged regions of the crystallites. It has been shown that the partial crosslinking of the crystalline phase does not significantly affect the polymer's crystallinity, but does affect the thermodynamic heat of melting. The lower enthalpy of melting of the crosslinked films, whose degree of crystallinity stays almost constant, has been explained by the increase of the surface free energy of the crystallites as a result of crosslinking within the noncrystalline surface regions of the lamellae.
Cellular function of p70S6K: A role in regulating cell motility (2000)

The 70 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) is activated by numerous mitogens, growth factors and hormones. Activation of p70S6K occurs through phosphorylation at a number of sites and the primary target of the activated kinase is the 40S ribosomal protein S6, a major component of the machinery involved in protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In addition to its involvement in regulating translation, p70S6K activation has been implicated in cell cycle control and neuronal cell differentiation. Recent data obtained in this laboratory suggests that p70S6K may also function in regulating cell motility, a cellular response that is important in tumour metastases, the immune response and tissue repair. The present paper reviews the regulation and cellular function of p70S6K and proposes a novel function of p70S6K in regulating cell motility.
한국불교의 포교현황과 그 문제점 및 개선방안 (2007)

불교 포교의 가장 큰 취약점은 두 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째는 신흥 도심지역의 포교활동이 취약한 것이고, 둘째는 어린이와 청소년 대상의 포교활동이 미흡한 것이다. 이 두 가지 요소는 서로 연계되어 있다. 즉, 쉽게 다가갈 수 있는 도심포교사찰이 부족함으로써 어린이와 청소년 포교의 문제가 발생하고 있는 것이다. 이 점을 보완하지 않는다면 한국 사회에서 불교는 2015년에는 개신교와 가톨릭에 이어서 제3의 종교로 전락할 가능성이 높다. 그 근거는 어린이와 청소년 종교인구 비율을 분석해 보면 쉽게 예측할 수 있다. 따라서 거시적으로는 적당한 지역에 도심포교 사찰을 건립하고 전문성을 갖춘 스님들을 배치하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 미시적으로는 개별사찰의 포교역량을 극대화할 수 있는 신도 교육 및 조직화가 필요하다. 그리고 문화 및 수행포교 전략을 수립하고 동시에 각종 법회에서의 설법 능력을 강화하는 노력이 뒤따라야 한다. 포교는 새로운 신도를 유입시키는 과정에 그치는 것이 아니라 모든 국민들의 삶을 행복하게 영위할 수 있도록 촉진시키고 지원하는 과정이다. 지금, 여기에 살고 있는 모든 국민들을 행복하게 할 수 없다면 포교성과는 기대하기 어렵다. 포교는 지금 여기에 살고 있는 모든 사회구성원들에게 부처님의 가르침을 전하여 지혜로운 삶을 영위할 수 있도록 하는 일련의 과정임을 인식할 때 바람직한 성과를 거둘 수 있다.
Mycobacterial Bacilli Are Metabolically Active during Chronic Tuberculosis in Murine Lungs: Insights from Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling (2007)

Chronic tuberculosis represents a major health problem for one-third of the world's population today. A key question relevant to chronic tuberculosis is the physiological status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during this important stage of infection. To examine the molecular bases of chronic tuberculosis and the role of host immunity in mycobacterial growth, we determined the mycobacterial transcriptional profiles during chronic and reactivation phases of murine tuberculosis using in vivo microarray analysis (IVMA). Following 28 days of aerosol infection, mycobacterial counts remained stable, although the bacilli were metabolically active with a 50% active transcriptome. The expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate pathways was significantly enriched during the middle stage of chronic tuberculosis, suggesting a nutrient-rich microenvironment. A total of 137 genes were significantly regulated in mid-chronic tuberculosis (45 and 60 days) compared to an early stage (14 days) of infection. Additional sets of genes, including the virulence regulator virS, were up-regulated during the reactivation stage, indicating their possible roles in mycobacterial resurgence. Interestingly, a set of potential transcriptional regulators was significantly induced at the late stage of chronic tuberculosis. Bioinformatic analysis identified a large number of genes that could be regulated by one of the potential transcriptional regulators encoded by rv0348, including the sigF operon. Taken together, IVMA provided a better definition of the transcriptional machinery activated during chronic and reactivation stages of tuberculosis and identified a novel transcriptional regulator. A similar approach can be adopted to study key stages of intracellular pathogens.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Disease Severity in Children with Falciparum Malaria (1989)

To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor in Plasmodium falciparum infections, we measured serum concentrations of this cytokine in 65 Malawian children with severe falciparum malaria. Of these children (mean age, 5.3 years), 55 were unconscious and 10 had hypoglycemia at presentation. Although there was considerable overlap, the mean (+/- SEM) initial serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor was significantly higher in the 10 patients who died (709 +/- 312 pg per milliliter) than in the 55 who survived (184 +/- 32 pg per milliliter; P less than 0.02). The mortality rate increased with the concentration of tumor necrosis factor: at a level of less than 100 pg per milliliter, 1 of 24 patients died; at 100 to 500 pg per milliliter, 6 of 34 patients; and at more than 500 pg per milliliter, 3 of 7 patients. High concentrations of tumor necrosis factor were also associated with hypoglycemia (P less than 0.02), hyperparasitemia (P less than 0.002), age under three years (P less than 0.03), and severity of illness as measured by a prognostic index (P less than 0.0005). The highest serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor were found in patients who died shortly after admission. The concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were within the normal range in all patients. In serum samples obtained from 38 convalescent patients, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor declined to a mean of 16 +/- 3 pg per milliliter. We conclude that the level of tumor necrosis factor is frequently increased in patients with severe falciparum malaria, particularly in those with cerebral malaria or hypoglycemia. To determine whether it is important in the pathogenesis of the signs and symptoms of the disease requires further study.
Regulatory role of C5a in LPS‐induced IL‐6 production by neutrophils during sepsis (2003)

Experimental sepsis in rodents occurring after cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) is associated with excessive complement activation and a systemic inflammatory response. The proinflammatory mediator IL-6 has recently been shown to be an important inducer of the C5a receptor (C5aR) during sepsis. We now provide evidence that serum IL-6 production during sepsis in rats was reduced in neutrophil-depleted animals and that absence of C5aR in mice as well as antibody-blockade of C5a in rats significantly reduced serum levels of IL-6 during sepsis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production in vitro of IL-6 by neutrophils was significantly enhanced in the co-presence of C5a, likely due to transcriptional up-regulation of IL-6. Production of IL-6 in neutrophils by LPS was NF-kappaB dependent (but not on the presence of p50) and dependent on phosphorylation of p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as p44/p42 MAPK (ERK1/2) but not on phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1/2). C5a stimulation of neutrophils elicited a rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Accordingly, we suggest that induction of IL-6 after CLP is neutrophil and C5a/C5aR dependent, likely due to the ability of C5a to cause activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Cardiac adenoviral S100A1 gene delivery rescues failing myocardium (2004)

Cardiac-restricted overexpression of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 has been shown to lead to increased myocardial contractile performance in vitro and in vivo. Since decreased cardiac expression of S100A1 is a characteristic of heart failure, we tested the hypothesis that S100A1 gene transfer could restore contractile function of failing myocardium. Adenoviral S100A1 gene delivery normalized S100A1 protein expression in a postinfarction rat heart failure model and reversed contractile dysfunction of failing myocardium in vivo and in vitro. S100A1 gene transfer to failing cardiomyocytes restored diminished intracellular Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load mechanistically due to increased SR Ca2+ uptake and reduced SR Ca2+ leak. Moreover, S100A1 gene transfer decreased elevated intracellular Na+ concentrations to levels detected in nonfailing cardiomyocytes, reversed reactivated fetal gene expression, and restored energy supply in failing cardiomyocytes. Intracoronary adenovirus-mediated S100A1 gene delivery in vivo to the postinfarcted failing rat heart normalized myocardial contractile function and Ca2+ handling, which provided support in a physiological context for results found in myocytes. Thus, the present study demonstrates that restoration of S100A1 protein levels in failing myocardium by gene transfer may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart failure.
Capacitance and Pore-Size Distribution in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes Using Various Activated Carbon Electrodes (2001)

Various kinds of activated carbon/activated carbon fibers were used in the evaluation of electrical double layer capacitors using the method of image analysis. The appropriate hydrated ion structures in an aqueous system of and an organic system of carbonate were calculated using the software Cerius2 (ver. 3.8). The capacitance obtained varied with the electrolyte used, even though the capacitor material remained the same. The relationship between the pore size and the electrolyte ion diameter is discussed. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
On Conjoint Analysis and Quantal Choice Models (1980)

Conjoint analysis (or trade-off analysis) has become increasingly used in marketing. Essentially, the techniques attempt to parse the appeals of a product or concept into a set of factors, assign utility values to the separate levels of each factor, and finally, under the assumption of separability, determine the utility value of any product or concept by adding (or multiplying) the utility values of the individual levels of each of the factors embodied in the product or concept. A good expository description of conjoint analysis is given in Green and Srinivasan (1978). For notational convenience, I present a brief description herein. Formally, if we are considering n factors, with the ith factor (i = 1, . . . , n) having mi levels, then we shall represent a bundle as an n-tuple (i1, i2, . . , ia), where
Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis : a comprehensive handbook (1995)

Production and isolation of enzymes immobilization of enzymes reaction techniques use of growing or resting cells applications of enqumes in organic synthesis hydrolysis and formation of C-O bonds, C-N bonds, P-O bonds formation of C-C bonds reduction reactions oxidation reactions isomerizations introduction and removal of protecting groups extremophiles catalytic antibodies enqumatic analysis and biosensors prtoein engineering tabular survey of commercially available enzymes.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α Promotes Melanoma Cell Invasion across Basement Membranes Involving Stimulation of Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase and Rho GTPase Activities (2004)

Tissue invasion by tumor cells involves their migration across basement membranes through activation of extracellular matrix degradation and cell motility mechanisms. Chemokines binding to their receptors provide chemotactic cues guiding cells to specific tissues and organs; they therefore could potentially participate in tumor cell dissemination. Melanoma cells express CXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha). Using Matrigel as a model, we show that SDF-1alpha promotes invasion of melanoma cells across basement membranes. Stimulation of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) activity by SDF-1alpha was necessary for invasion, involving at least up-regulation in the expression of this metalloproteinase, as detected in the highly metastatic BLM melanoma cell line. Moreover, SDF-1alpha triggered the activation of the GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 on BLM cells, and expression of dominant-negative forms of RhoA and Rac1, but not Cdc42, substantially impaired the invasion of transfectants in response to SDF-1alpha, as well as the increase in MT1-MMP expression. Furthermore, CXCR4 expression on melanoma cells was notably augmented by transforming growth factor-beta1, a Matrigel component, whereas anti-transforming growth factor-beta antibodies inhibited increases in CXCR4 expression and melanoma cell invasion toward SDF-1alpha. The identification of SDF-1alpha as a potential stimulatory molecule for MT1-MMP as well as for RhoA and Rac1 activities during melanoma cell invasion, associated with an up-regulation in CXCR4 expression by interaction with basement membrane factors, could contribute to better knowledge of mechanisms stimulating melanoma cell dissemination.
Phase I/II Trial of Intravenous NDV-HUJ Oncolytic Virus in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (2005)

We undertook a Phase I/II trial in patients with apparent recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) based on imaging studies to determine the safety and tumor response of repetitive intravenous administration of NDV-HUJ, the oncolytic HUJ strain of Newcastle disease virus. The first part of the study utilized an accelerated intrapatient dose-escalation protocol with one-cycle dosage steps of 0.1, 0.32, 0.93, 5.9, and 11 billion infectious units (BIU) of NDV-HUJ (1 BIU = 1 x 10(9) EID(50) 50% egg infectious dose) followed by three cycles of 55 BIU. Virus was administered by intravenous infusion over 15 min. In the second part, patients received three cycles of 11 BIU. All patients without progressive disease were maintained with two doses of 11 BIU iv weekly. Eleven of the 14 enrolled patients (11-58 years, Karnofsky performance scale 50-90%) received treatment. Toxicity was minimal with Grade I/II constitutional fever being seen in 5 patients. Maximum tolerated dose was not achieved. Anti-NDV hemagglutinin antibodies appeared within 5-29 days. NDV-HUJ was recovered from blood, saliva, and urine samples and one tumor biopsy. One patient achieved a complete response. Intravenous NDV-HUJ is well tolerated. The findings of good tolerability and encouraging responses warrant the continued evaluation of NDV-HUJ in GBM, as well as other cancers.