gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Microbial Sialic Acid Metabolism (2004)

Sialic acids are structurally unique nine-carbon keto sugars occupying the interface between the host and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms. An important function of host sialic acid is to regulate innate immunity, and microbes have evolved various strategies for subverting this process by decorating their surfaces with sialylated oligosaccharides that mimic those of the host. These subversive strategies include a de novo synthetic pathway and at least two truncated pathways that depend on scavenging host-derived intermediates. A fourth strategy involves modification of sialidases so that instead of transferring sialic acid to water (hydrolysis), a second active site is created for binding alternative acceptors. Sialic acids also are excellent sources of carbon, nitrogen, energy, and precursors of cell wall biosynthesis. The catabolic strategies for exploiting host sialic acids as nutritional sources are as diverse as the biosynthetic mechanisms, including examples of horizontal gene transfer and multiple transport systems. Finally, as compounds coating the surfaces of virtually every vertebrate cell, sialic acids provide information about the host environment that, at least in Escherichia coli, is interpreted by the global regulator encoded by nanR. In addition to regulating the catabolism of sialic acids through the nan operon, NanR controls at least two other operons of unknown function and appears to participate in the regulation of type 1 fimbrial phase variation. Sialic acid is, therefore, a host molecule to be copied (molecular mimicry), eaten (nutrition), and interpreted (cell signaling) by diverse metabolic machinery in all major groups of mammalian pathogens and commensals.
Forensic Botany: Principles and Applications to Criminal Casework (2004)

"Bringing together the latest information on the use of plant evidence to reconstruct crimes, this book introduces the basic science underlying this emerging field of forensic botany. Contributors discuss the recognition of pertinent plant evidence at a crime scene, the appropriate collection and preservation of the material, and maintenance of a chain of custody. They also explain scientific testing methods, the validation of new forensic techniques, and admissibility criteria for court. An overview of plant biology and historical developments in forensic DNA analysis is also included, as well as case examples featuring the use of botanical evidence in a variety of criminal cases."--Jacket.
A 20 ns 4 Mb CMOS SRAM with hierarchical word decoding architecture (1990)

A 20-ns, 4-Mb CMOS SRAM with both 4 M*1 and 1M*4 organizations and fabricated using a quadruple-polysilicon, double-metal, twin-well 0.6- mu m CMOS process technology is described. A word-decoding architecture and a sensitive sense amplifier, combined with an address transition detector (ATD) technique, realize high-speed, low-power operation. Because conventional divided-word-line (DWL) structure cannot realize the high-speed and low-power word decoding in megabit SRAMs, hierarchical word decoding (HWD) is utilized. The RAM has a fast address mode using the 16-b parallel data bus scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amorphization during Cold Rolling of NiZr Multilayer Composites (1990)

International audience
ON THE EXCITATION OF TISSUE BY MEANS OF CONDENSER DISCHARGES (1932)

Equations are derived for the capacity-voltage relations for stimulation of tissue by condenser discharges, using the hypothesis that the local excitatory process p grows under the influence of an applied potential V according to the equation, See PDF for Equation where K and k are constants. It is further assumed that the local excitatory process becomes adequate when it attains a value h +/- alpha V where h and alpha are constants and V is the applied potential at the particular instant that the adequate value is attained. The equations so obtained are applied to the data of several authors on several types of tissue and the agreements obtained are sufficiently good. It is shown in one case that the direct current equation and the condenser discharge equation each derived from the above bases are consistent when applied to data from the same preparation.
Perfluorocyclobutane aromatic ether polymers. III. Synthesis and thermal stability of a thermoset polymer containing triphenylphosphine oxide (1998)

The preparation of a novel triaryl phosphine oxide thermoset polymer containing the perfluorocyclobutane linkage is described. The synthetic methodology involves the formation of a Grignard reagent from 4-bromotrifluorovinyloxybenzene and reaction with phosphorous trichloride to form the triaryl phosphine trifluorovinyl ether monomer. Oxidation of the phosphine monomer with hydrogen peroxide in ethanol provides quantitative conversion of the phosphine to the phosphine oxide. Analysis of the thermal decomposition of the resulting polymer in both nitrogen and air indicates improvement in thermal and thermal/oxidative stability with respect to the previously reported polymer prepared from 1,1,1-tris(4-trifluorovinyloxy)phenyl ethane. Differences in thermal and thermal/oxidative performance still exist, indicating that oxidative processes contribute to the polymer decomposition in air. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2005–2012, 1998
Surface reconstruction from unorganized points (1992)

We describe and demonstrate an algorithm that takes as input an unorganized set of points {xl, . . . . xn} ⊂ R3 on or near an unknown manifold M, and produces as output a simplicial surface that approximates M. Neither the topology, the presence of boundaries, nor the geometry of M are assumed to be known in advance - all are inferred automatically from the data. This problem naturally arises in a variety of practical situations such as range scanning an object from multiple view points, recovery of biological shapes from two-dimensional slices, and interactive surface sketching.
3D Stretchable Arch Ribbon Array Fabricated via Grayscale Lithography (2016)

Microstructures with flexible and stretchable properties display tremendous potential applications including integrated systems, wearable devices and bio-sensor electronics. Hence, it is essential to develop an effective method for fabricating curvilinear and flexural microstructures. Despite significant advances in 2D stretchable inorganic structures, large scale fabrication of unique 3D microstructures at a low cost remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the 3D microstructures can be achieved by grayscale lithography to produce a curved photoresist (PR) template, where the PR acts as sacrificial layer to form wavelike arched structures. Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process at low temperature, the curved PR topography can be transferred to the silicon dioxide layer. Subsequently, plasma etching can be used to fabricate the arched stripe arrays. The wavelike silicon dioxide arch microstructure exhibits Young modulus and fracture strength of 52 GPa and 300 MPa, respectively. The model of stress distribution inside the microstructure was also established, which compares well with the experimental results. This approach of fabricating a wavelike arch structure may become a promising route to produce a variety of stretchable sensors, actuators and circuits, thus providing unique opportunities for emerging classes of robust 3D integrated systems.
HTMLパブリッシングfor Netscape Windows版 : Netscape Communications社公式マニュアル (1997)

第１章 新千年紀のメディア 第２章 さっそくやってみよう 第３章 リンク、リンク、もっとリンク 第４章 画像のすべて 第５章 もっとスタイリッシュに 第６章 デザインのヒント—プロから学ぶ 第７章 表と数式の世界 第８章 マルチメディアとＷｅｂ 第９章 フォーム、フィードバック、ｃｇｉ‐ｂｉｎ 第１０章 データベース、Ｗｅｂサーバー、検索エンジン
Prioritized Experience Replay (2015)

Experience replay lets online reinforcement learning agents remember and reuse experiences from the past. In prior work, experience transitions were uniformly sampled from a replay memory. However, this approach simply replays transitions at the same frequency that they were originally experienced, regardless of their significance. In this paper we develop a framework for prioritizing experience, so as to replay important transitions more frequently, and therefore learn more efficiently. We use prioritized experience replay in Deep Q-Networks (DQN), a reinforcement learning algorithm that achieved human-level performance across many Atari games. DQN with prioritized experience replay achieves a new state-of-the-art, outperforming DQN with uniform replay on 41 out of 49 games.
Alfalfa Root Flavonoid Production Is Nitrogen Regulated (1995)

Flavonoids produced by legume roots are signal molecules acting both as chemoattractants and nod gene inducers for the symbiotic Rhizobium partner. Combined nitrogen inhibits the establishment of the symbiosis. To know whether nitrogen nutrition could act at the level of signal production, we have studied the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes as well as the production of flavonoids in the roots of plants grown under nitrogen-limiting or nonlimiting conditions. We show here that growth of the plant under nitrogen-limiting conditions results in the enhancement of expression of the flavonoid biosynthesis genes chalcone synthase and isoflavone reductase and in an increase of root flavonoid and isoflavonoid production as well as in the Rhizobium meliloti nod gene-inducing activity of the root extract. These results indicate that in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots, the production of flavonoids can be influenced by the nitrogen nutrition of the plant.
Self-assembled, redox-sensitive, H-shaped pegylated methotrexate conjugates with high drug-carrying capability for intracellular drug delivery (2013)

A novel prodrug of pegylated methotrexate conjugates (PMCs) with a high drug-carrying capability and a redox sensitive drug release mechanism was reported for intracellular drug delivery. The PMC was structured in a H-shape with four molecules of anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) linked to both ends of the PEG main chain via disulfide linkers, resulting in the conjugates with a high and constant drug loading efficiency of up to 26 wt%. The amphiphilic property of PMCs enables them to self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution, while the cleavable disulfide linkers allow the conjugated MTX to exert its therapeutic activity due to the fast cleavage of disulfide linkers when exposed to the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH). Cell proliferation assays performed with HepG2 cancer cells confirmed the pharmacological efficacy.
Rapid prototyping trends (1997)

Abstract Analyses the market for rapid prototyping equipment and reports on the rapid growth that this market has experienced over the last ten years. Highlights the companies that are winning business and the technologies that are influencing growth. Describes applications of rapid prototyping for automotive parts, pharmaceutical pill bottles and jewellery design. Reports on new technology used by recently introduced low‐cost 3D printing machines for concept modelling and outlines new materials that have been developed to improve the performance and functionality of prototypes.
Mujeres puertorriqueñas en el comercio internacional: Mitos y realidades (1999)

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar las mujeres puertorriqueñas en la gestión internacional, específicamente, en consideración de las percepciones y los mitos sobre su participación en asignaciones internacionales y su aplicación en nuestra cultura, así como para estudiar los factores que afectan la participación de las mujeres puertorriqueñas en el comercio internacional. Los resultados obtenidos indican: (1) los mitos actuales acerca de las mujeres puertorriqueñas en posiciones de negocios internacionales; (2) los factores que influyen al considerar a las mujeres puertorriqueñas para posiciones de negocio internacional y; (3) las unidades y departamentos en las cuales las mujeres actualmente ocupan puestos en asignaciones internacionales. Aunque ha habido estudios anteriores sobre las mujeres en la gestión, no hay ninguno con respecto a la participación de la mujer puertorriqueña en las tareas de negocios internacionales.
Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy - an emerging entity. (1974)

Two cases of pseudomembranous colitis are presented. The first patient had been treated with novobiocin-tetracycline and penicillin, and two weeks later developed severe fulminating diarrhea with ascites and bilateral pleural effusions which did not respond to intravenous ACTH. Subsequently she underwent subtotal colectomy and made a rapid and complete recovery. The second patient developed severe diarrhea two weeks after a 10-day course of clindamycin. She was treated with intravenous ACTH, oral Lactobacillus and a fecal enema and made a complete recovery.These cases reconfirm the importance of antibiotics as etiologic agents in this disease. They also stress the classic sigmoidoscopic and histologic findings that should facilitate prompt and rapid diagnosis.
Once weekly subcutaneous erythropoietin is an effective maintenance therapy in the treatment of anemia of end stage renal disease in patients on CAPD. (1991)

The efficacy of once weekly subcutaneous erythropoietin (SC EPO) was evaluated by reviewing records of twelve continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients age 27-66 years after achieving a goal hematocrit (hct) greater than 30%. Patients had a mean hct of 22.8% (range: 19.1-29.5) and were placed on a thrice weekly SC EPO dose of 4000 international units (IU) (37-74 IU/KG, [mean of 57 IU/kg]) until a goal hct greater than 30% was achieved. This hct ranged from 30.8-37% (mean 33.2%) and was achieved in a mean of 11.5 weeks (range: 4.1-29 weeks). Patients were then maintained on the same SC EPO dose given only once weekly. 11/12 (92%) patients have maintained a mean hct of 34% (range: 29-38.4%) on once weekly SC EPO over a mean period of 14 weeks (range: 1.4-36 weeks). The mean serum ferritin was 484; only two patients required parenteral iron dextran therapy. One patient did not reach the goal hct due to poor compliance. There was no significant increase in blood pressure or in serum potassium level. We conclude that SC EPO is effective in treating anemia in these patients and can be given once weekly to maintain a hct greater than 30%.
Tyrosine Kinase-Stimulated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Activity of Vav in T Cell Activation (1993)

The hematopoietically expressed product of the vav proto-oncogene, Vav, shared homology with guanine nucleotide releasing factors (GRFs) [also called guanosine diphosphate-dissociation stimulators (GDSs)] that activate Ras-related small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. Human T cell lysates or Vav immunoprecipitates possessed GRF activity that increased after T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-CD3 triggering; an in vitro-translated Vav fragment that contained the putative GRF domain was also active. Vav-associated GRF stimulation after TCR-CD3 ligation paralleled its tyrosine phosphorylation; both were blocked by a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor. Vav also was a substrate for the p56lck PTK. Thus, Vav is a PTK-regulated GRF that may be important in TCR-CD3-initiated signal transduction through the activation of Ras.
Phase II trial of bexarotene capsules in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have failed at least 2 prior systemic therapies for Stage IIIB/IV disease (2005)

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Complete genome sequence analysis of Seneca Valley virus-001, a novel oncolytic picornavirus (2008)

The complete genome sequence of Seneca Valley virus-001 (SVV-001), a small RNA virus, was determined and was shown to have typical picornavirus features. The 7280 nt long genome was predicted to contain a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 666 nt, followed by a single long open reading frame consisting of 6543 nt, which encodes a 2181 aa polyprotein. This polyprotein could potentially be cleaved into 12 polypeptides in the standard picornavirus L-4-3-4 layout. A 3' UTR of 71 nt was followed by a poly(A) tail of unknown length. Comparisons with other picornaviruses showed that the P1, 2C, 3C and 3D polypeptides of SVV-001 were related most closely to those of the cardioviruses, although they were not related as closely to those of encephalomyocarditis virus and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus as the latter were to each other. Most other regions of the polyprotein differed considerably from those of all other known picornaviruses. SVV-001 contains elements of an internal ribosome entry site reminiscent of that found in hepatitis C virus and a number of genetically diverse picornaviruses. SVV-001 is a novel picornavirus and it is proposed that it be classified as the prototype species in a novel genus named 'Senecavirus'.
Supporting Incremental Join Queries on Ranked Inputs (2001)

This paper investigates the problem of incremental joins of multiple ranked data sets when the join condition is a list of arbitrary user-defined predicates on the input tuples. This problem arises in many important applications dealing with ordered inputs and multiple ranked data sets, and requiring the top k solutions. We use multimedia applications as the motivating examples but the problem is equally applicable to traditional database applications involving optimal resource allocation, scheduling, decision making, ranking, etc. We propose an algorithm J # that enables querying of ordered data sets by imposing arbitrary userdefined join predicates. The basic version of the algorithm does not use any random access but a J # PA variation can exploit available indexes for efficient random access based on the join predicates. A special case includes the join scenario considered by Fagin [1] for joins based on identical keys, and in that case, our algorithms perform as efficiently as Fagin&amp;apos;s. Our main contribution, however, is the generalization to join scenarios that were previously unsupported, including cases where random access in the algorithm is not possible due to lack of unique keys. In addition, J # can support multiple join levels, or nested join hierarchies, which are the norm for modeling multimedia data. We also give #-approximation versions of both of the above algorithms. Finally, we give strong optimality results for some of the proposed algorithms, and we study their performance empirically. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date ...
Risk of Colorectal Cancer following Colonoscopic Polypectomy (1999)

High-grade dysplasia, number and size of adenomas were confirmed as the major cancer predictors. Based on this conclusion, a subgroup of patients, who may benefit from intensive surveillance colonoscopy, can be identifiable.
Differential induction of the serum amyloid A gene family in response to an inflammatory agent and to amyloid-enhancing factor (1989)

The murine serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), SAA2, and SAA3 genes are expressed in various tissues in response to acute inflammation. Prolonged expression may be accompanied by amyloid deposition in liver, spleen, and kidney. Shortly before and during deposition, an amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF) can be extracted from these tissues which accelerates amyloid formation when administered with an inflammatory agent. We have investigated the ability of liver AEF to alter expression of the three SAA genes in liver, spleen, and kidney when administered to normal mice or to mice in which inflammation was created with the injection of silver nitrate. In liver, both AEF and silver nitrate induce SAA1 and SAA2 mRNA accumulation. However, AEF elicits a more rapid response and also acts as a potent inducer of hepatic SAA3 mRNA. Silver nitrate does not induce any SAA mRNA species in kidney, whereas AEF induces all three species. In contrast, AEF induces only SAA3 mRNA in the spleen. We also show that the elevation in hepatic SAA mRNA levels induced by either AEF or silver nitrate is associated with a transient increase in the length of the poly(A) tail.
Novel Mononuclear Alkoxide Precursors for the MOCVD of ZrO2 and HfO2 Thin Films (2002)

Thin films of ZrO2 and HfO2 have been deposited by liquid injection metal–organic (MO)CVD using a range of new alkoxide precursors, [Zr(OtBu)2(mmp)2] (1), [Hf(OtBu)2(mmp)2] (2), [Zr(mmp)4] (3), and [Hf(mmp)4] (4): (mmp = 1-methoxy-2-methyl-2-propanolate, OCMe2CH2OMe). The complexes are mononuclear and volatile, and are significantly less reactive to air and moisture than existing Zr and Hf alkoxide precursors such as [Zr(OtBu)4] and [Hf(OtBu)4]. The ZrO2 and HfO2 films were grown over a wide range of substrate temperatures (350–650 °C), and analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the films were deposited in the thermodynamically stable α− or monoclinic phase.
Generation of Uniformly Sized Alginate Microparticles for Cell Encapsulation by Using a Soft‐Lithography Approach (2007)

A convenient soft lithography method for the generation of alginate gel microparticles with various shapes and sizes (see figure) that can be used to encapsulate biological cells and other materials is described. The formed gel particles are highly uniform and accurately controllable in size and shape, and the generation process is parallel and involves no organic solvents.
On-line Analytical Processing Systems for Business (1997)

Figures Preface Abbreviations Introduction to On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) Systems OLAP Systems Versus Other Systems Decision Making in an OLAP Environment Bibliography: Part I The Essential Elements of OLAP Data Warehousing and Data Communications OLAP Software Implementing a Successful OLAP System Bibliography: Part II Typical Applications of OLAP Strategic Planning in an OLAP Environment Marketing in an OLAP Environment Manufacturing in an OLAP Environment Accounting and Finance in an OLAP Environment Human Resources in an OLAP Environment Bibliography: Part III Index
Amino acids determining enzyme-substrate specificity in prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein kinases (2003)

The binding between a PK and its target is highly specific, despite the fact that many different PKs exhibit significant sequence and structure homology. There must be, then, specificity-determining residues (SDRs) that enable different PKs to recognize their unique substrate. Here we use and further develop a computational procedure to discover putative SDRs (PSDRs) in protein families, whereby a family of homologous proteins is split into orthologous proteins, which are assumed to have the same specificity, and paralogous proteins, which have different specificities. We reason that PSDRs must be similar among orthologs, whereas they must necessarily be different among paralogs. Our statistical procedure and evolutionary model identifies such residues by discriminating a functional signal from a phylogenetic one. As case studies we investigate the prokaryotic two-component system and the eukaryotic AGC (i.e., cAMP-dependent PK, cGMP-dependent PK, and PKC) PKs. Without using experimental data, we predict PSDRs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic PKs, and suggest precise mutations that may convert the specificity of one PK to another. We compare our predictions with current experimental results and obtain considerable agreement with them. Our analysis unifies much of existing data on PK specificity. Finally, we find PSDRs that are outside the active site. Based on our results, as well as structural and biochemical characterizations of eukaryotic PKs, we propose the testable hypothesis of "specificity via differential activation" as a way for the cell to control kinase specificity.