gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multirate Synchronous Sampling of Sparse Multiband Signals (2008)

Recent advances in optical systems make them ideal for undersampling multiband signals that have high bandwidths. In this paper we propose a new scheme for reconstructing multiband sparse signals using a small number of sampling channels. The scheme, which we call synchronous multirate sampling (SMRS), entails gathering samples synchronously at few different rates whose sum is significantly lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. The signals are reconstructed by solving a system of linear equations. We have demonstrated an accurate and robust reconstruction of signals using a small number of sampling channels that operate at relatively high rates. Sampling at higher rates increases the signal to noise ratio in samples. The SMRS scheme enables a significant reduction in the number of channels required when the sampling rate increases. We have demonstrated, using only three sampling channels, an accurate sampling and reconstruction of 4 real signals (8 bands). The matrices that are used to reconstruct the signals in the SMRS scheme also have low condition numbers. This indicates that the SMRS scheme is robust to noise in signals. The success of the SMRS scheme relies on the assumption that the sampled signals are sparse. As a result most of the sampled spectrum may be unaliased in at least one of the sampling channels. This is in contrast to multicoset sampling schemes in which an alias in one channel is equivalent to an alias in all channels. We have demonstrated that the SMRS scheme obtains similar performance using 3 sampling channels and a total sampling rate 8 times the Landau rate to an implementation of a multicoset sampling scheme that uses 6 sampling channels with a total sampling rate of 13 times the Landau rate.
Substrate oxidation is altered in women during exercise upon acute altitude exposure (2002)

These data suggest that substrate oxidation is altered in women during exercise at AA compared with SL but is not affected by cycle phase. Whether increased fat or protein oxidation accounts for the lower RER values during the AA exposure cannot be determined from this study but warrants further investigation.
Peptide Signals Encode Protein Localization (2007)

Many bacterial proteins are localized to precise intracellular locations, but in most cases the mechanism for encoding localization information is not known. Screening libraries of peptides fused to green fluorescent protein identified sequences that directed the protein to helical structures or to midcell. These peptides indicate that protein localization can be encoded in 20-amino-acid peptides instead of complex protein-protein interactions and raise the possibility that the location of a protein within the cell could be predicted from bioinformatic data.
A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. II. Formation of N-nitrosamines during betel quid chewing. (1984)

In model studies, nitrosation of the major areca alkaloid, arecoline, leads to the formation of N-nitrosoguvacoline, 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN), 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionaldehyde and two unknown N-nitrosamines. MNPN is a strong carcinogen in Fischer 344 rats. After subcutaneous injection of 1.1 mmol MNPN in 60 doses, all 15 male and 15 female rats developed tumours within 24 weeks; multiple tumours occurred in 26 of the rats. Eighty-seven percent of the animals had tumours of the oesophagus, 70% had nasal cavity tumours, 37% had tumours of the tongue, 7% tumours of the pharynx and 7% tumors of the forestomach. At the dose used, male and female rats showed no significant difference in tumour incidence or site of tumours. The formation of MNPN during betel quid chewing, although likely, has not yet been proven, while the areca-derived N-nitrosamine, N-nitrosoguvacoline (NG), has been found in the saliva of betel quid chewers at levels of 2.2-348 micrograms/L. N-Nitrosoguvacoline levels were higher in the saliva of chewers who used betel quid together with tobacco. The saliva of these chewers also contained tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines.
ISCAS at NTCIR-3: Monolingual, Bilingual and MultiLingual IR Tasks (2002)

This paper reports the methods and procedures we took in the CLIR track of NTCIR3. In monolingual subtasks we mainly describe index representation and word segmentation method. We use hybrid model integrating MT approach and dictionary-based approach in bilingual and multilingual subtasks. The method for combining the monolingual retrieval results to produce the final rank list is explained in detail. Finally, we present an improved query translation method in CLIR in order to get better query translation quality.
On timing jitter of mode locked Kerr frequency combs (2013)

We study fundamental timing jitter in repetition rate of a mode locked Kerr frequency comb generated in an externally pumped nonlinear ring resonator. We show that the increase in the integrated power of the comb harmonics, and the corresponding decrease of the duration of the associated pulse, results in the increase of low frequency noise, and a decrease in high frequency noise.
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA Operon Is Influenced by Translational Coupling and Rho Termination Factor (2001)

The trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) regulates expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon by transcription attenuation and translational control mechanisms. Both mechanisms require binding of tryptophan-activated TRAP to 11 (G/U)AG repeats in the trp leader transcript. trpE translational control involves formation of a TRAP-dependent RNA structure that sequesters the trpE Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (the SD blocking hairpin). By comparing expression levels from trpE'-'lacZ translational fusions controlled by the wild-type leader or by a leader that cannot form the SD blocking hairpin, we found that translational control requires a tryptophan concentration higher than that required for transcription attenuation. We also found that inhibition of trpE translation by the SD blocking hairpin does not alter the stability of the downstream message. Since the coding sequences for trpE and trpD overlap by 29 nucleotides, we examined expression levels from trpED'-'lacZ translational fusions to determine if these two genes are translationally coupled. We found that introduction of a UAA stop codon in trpE resulted in a substantial reduction in expression. Since expression was partially restored in the presence of a tRNA suppressor, our results indicate that trpE and trpD are translationally coupled. We determined that the coupling mechanism is TRAP independent and that formation of the SD blocking hairpin regulates trpD translation via translational coupling. We also constructed a rho mutation to investigate the role of Rho-dependent termination in trp operon expression. We found that TRAP-dependent formation of the SD blocking hairpin allows Rho access to the nascent transcript, causing transcriptional polarity.
Inhibition of TGF‐β signaling by an ALK5 inhibitor protects rats from dimethylnitrosamine‐induced liver fibrosis (2005)

1 Chronic liver disease is characterized by an exacerbated accumulation of matrix, causing progressive fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a well-known profibrotic cytokine, transduces its signal through the ALK5 ser/thr kinase receptor, and increases transcription of different genes including PAI-1 and collagens. The identification of GW6604 (2-phenyl-4-(3-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine), an ALK5 inhibitor, allowed us to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting TGF-beta pathway in different models of liver disease. 2 A cellular assay was used to identify GW6604 as a TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibitor. This ALK5 inhibitor was then tested in a model of liver hepatectomy in TGF-beta-overexpressing transgenic mice, in an acute model of liver disease and in a chronic model of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis. 3 In vitro, GW6604 inhibited autophosphorylation of ALK5 with an IC(50) of 140 nM and in a cellular assay inhibited TGF-beta-induced transcription of PAI-1 (IC(50): 500 nM). In vivo, GW6604 (40 mg kg(-1) p.o.) increased liver regeneration in TGF-beta-overexpressing mice, which had undergone partial hepatectomy. In an acute model of liver disease, GW6604 reduced by 80% the expression of collagen IA1. In a chronic model of DMN-induced fibrosis where DMN was administered for 6 weeks and GW6604 dosed for the last 3 weeks (80 mg kg(-1) p.o., b.i.d.), mortality was prevented and DMN-induced elevations of mRNA encoding for collagen IA1, IA2, III, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta were reduced by 50-75%. Inhibition of matrix genes overexpression was accompanied by reduced matrix deposition and reduction in liver function deterioration, as assessed by bilirubin and liver enzyme levels. 4 Our results suggest that inhibition of ALK5 could be an attractive new approach to treatment of liver fibrotic diseases by both preventing matrix deposition and promoting hepatocyte regeneration.
Defects in hemostasis in P-selectin-deficient mice (1996)

Recently, our laboratory showed that platelets, like leukocytes, roll on activated endothelium expressing P-selectin, thus suggesting a role for P-selectin in hemostasis (Frenette et at, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7450, 1995). We report here that the P-selectin--deficient mice show a 40% prolongation of the bleeding time on amputation of the tip of the tail. Moreover, defective hemostasis was observed in a local Shwartzman-like reaction induced by skin injections of lipopolysaccharide followed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the P-selectin--deficient mice. The hemorrhagic lesions, quantitated both macroscopically and microscopically, were twofold larger in the P-selectin--deficient mice. This was also confirmed by measuring the radioactivity in the skin using chromium-labeled red blood cells. Therefore, it is evident that P-selectin plays a role in hemostasis as suggested by its support of platelet rolling.
Poliovirus Protein 2C Contains Two Regions Involved in RNA Binding Activity (1995)

Poliovirus protein 2C is involved in poliovirus RNA replication, although the exact function of 2C is still unknown. Recently, it was shown that 2C can be purified to high levels when expressed as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein (MBP). Evidence was presented that 2C has ATPase and GTPase activities; preliminary results also indicated that 2C interacts with RNA (Rodríguez, P.L., and Carrasco, L. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 8105-8110). In the present study, 20 variants of 2C have been generated, and their NTPase and RNA binding activities were analyzed. Moreover, an easy procedure to obtain genuine 2C after factor Xa cleavage of an MBP2-2C fusion protein is described. This work has determined that 2C has two regions involved in RNA binding: a NH2-terminal region located between amino acids 21 and 45 and a COOH-terminal region involving an Arg-rich region located between amino acids 312 and 319. Deletion of either the NH2- or COOH-terminal RNA-binding region abolishes RNA binding. Deletion of an internal region of protein 2C that includes the nucleotide-binding motif does not affect RNA binding, whereas this deletion destroys ATPase and GTPase activities. Therefore, the NTPase activity and the RNA binding capacity of protein 2C are located in different regions of the molecule.
Optimal Subsite Occupancy and Design of a Selective Inhibitor of Urokinase (1997)

Human urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is a member of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases that can play important roles in both health and disease. We have used substrate phage display techniques to characterize the specificity of this enzyme in detail and to identify peptides that are cleaved 840-5300 times more efficiently by u-PA than peptides containing the physiological target sequence of the enzyme. In addition, unlike peptides containing the physiological target sequence, the peptide substrates selected in this study were cleaved as much as 120 times more efficiently by u-PA than by tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), an intimately related enzyme. Analysis of the selected peptide substrates strongly suggested that the primary sequence SGRSA, from position P3 to P2', represents optimal subsite occupancy for substrates of u-PA. Insights gained in these investigations were used to design a variant of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, the primary physiological inhibitor of both u-PA and t-PA, that inhibited u-PA approximately 70 times more rapidly than it inhibited t-PA. These observations provide a solid foundation for the design of highly selective, high affinity inhibitors of u-PA and, consequently, may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents to inhibit the initiation and/or progression of selected human tumors.
Simulation of optical properties of Si wire cells (2009)

We solve the Maxwell equations to quantify the amount of photo-generation in Si solar cells consisting of arrays of wires instead of bulk thin-films. Published transmission and reflectance measurements suggest that an array of Si wires absorbs sunlight very effectively due to strong diffraction and scattering. However, a detailed theoretical understanding and quantification of the actual photo-generation is only in its initial stage. In our simulations, the geometrical parameters of the wires are synthesized by means of cluster simulations. Applying the finite element method, we are able to compute randomly aligned wires within manageable time limits and affordable computer capacity. We show that Si wires have strong photonic properties. For example, our simulations surpass the Lambertian limit (for isotropically incident light) at ¿ = 1000 nm, as has been reported in many experiments.
Sequence polymorphism in the human alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene (1991)

Journal Article Sequence polymorphism in the human alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene Get access W. Poller, W. Poller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.-P. Faber, J.-P. Faber 1Institut für Klinische Biochemie der UniversitätSigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-530O Bonn, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. OIek K. OIek 1Institut für Klinische Biochemie der UniversitätSigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-530O Bonn, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 1, 11 January 1991, Page 198, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.1.198-a Published: 11 January 1991
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Receptor Expression among Syncytium-Resistant Cell Lines Revealed by a Novel Surface Glycoprotein-Immunoadhesin (2001)

The envelope glycoproteins of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) perform functions that are crucial for virus entry into cells. The surface glycoprotein (SU) is responsible for viral recognition of, and binding to, target cells through its interaction with an unknown cell surface receptor. To facilitate molecular analysis of the receptor-binding properties of SU and to characterize the cellular receptor employed by HTLV-1, we have expressed a recombinant SU fused to the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G. Here, we demonstrate that this novel SU-immunoadhesin retains both the biochemical properties of Fc and the receptor-binding specificity of the HTLV-1 SU. We use this SU-immunoadhesin to demonstrate, by direct cell surface binding assays, that the receptor used by HTLV-1 has been conserved through vertebrate evolution. Moreover, using murine-human somatic cell hybrids we provide data that do not support the previously assigned location for the HTLV-1 receptor on human chromosome 17. Most importantly, we show that many cell lines that are resistant to HTLV-1 envelope-mediated infection and syncytium formation express functional receptors that are recognized by the HTLV-1 SU. Based on our results, we suggest that for some HTLV-1-resistant cell lines the block to viral entry occurs at a late post-receptor-binding step of the entry process. Our findings will be of value in developing new strategies to identify the cellular receptor used by HTLV-1.
Amplitude PDF Analysis of OFDM Signal Using Probabilistic PAPR Reduction Method (2011)

To reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme, one class of methods is to generate several OFDM symbols (candidates) carrying the same information and to select for transmission the one having the lowest PAPR. We derive a theoretical amplitude probability density function (PDF) of the selected OFDM symbol using order statistics. This amplitude PDF enables one to derive the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) as a function of the number of candidates. Based on the SNDR derivation, theoretical error performance and statistical channel capacity are provided for this class of methods. The results match the simulations and make the system design easier.
In Vitro Fertilization (2000)

It is important for those involved in PGD, including the geneticists, to understand the normal IVF cycle as compared to the PGD cycle. In this chapter, the normal IVF programme is described. During the 1980s attempts to discover the bases of successful implantation and improve the success rate of IVF led to the evolution of related techniques, such at GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer), ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer) and PROST (pronucleate stage tubal transfer). Other similar variations have included POST and TET. IUI and DIPI are also discussed. In order to address the problem of severe male infertility, microsurgical techniques were developed in the late 1980s. PZD (partial zona dissection), SUZI (sub-zonal sperm insemination) and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) are discussed. In 1992 a technical accident led to the discovery that successful in vitro fertilization could be achieved by the microinjection of a single sperm directly into the ooplasm of an oocyte and its application has had immense clinical success. Clinical success overtook scientific understanding and rationale behind the procedure, as a result of which many questions remain to be answered in terms of its long-term consequences. This chapter includes: female infertility treatment male infertility treatment the IVF treatment cycle: consultation, programmed superovulation protocols, poor responders, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), follicle tracking, Oocyte retrieval, tissue culture media, Oocyte identification, semen assessment and sperm preparation, insemination, ICSI, spermatid injections, scoring zygotes on day 1, selection of surplus pronucleate embryos for cryopreservation, embryo quality and selection for transfer, fragments, cytoplasmic donation, embryo transfer, blastocyst transfer, surplus embryos, the embryo transfer procedure conclusion.
Acute and chronic neuropathies: new aspects of Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, an overview and an update (1998)

During the last 15 years new information about clinical, electrophysiological, immunological and histopathological features of acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies have emerged. Thus, the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is no longer considered a simple entity. Subtypes of the disorder besides the typical predominant motor manifestation, are recognized, i.e. a cranial nerve variant with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia, an immune-mediated primary motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and a motor-sensory syndrome (AMSAN). Also, the clinical pattern of GBS is related to preceding viral or bacterial infections. Two types of acute motor paralysis have been described, one with slow and incomplete recovery, another with recovery times identical with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Histologically, the first is characterized by Wallerian degeneration of motor roots and peripheral motor nerve fibres. In the latter anti-GM antibodies bind to the nodes of Ranvier producing a failure of impulse transmission. Motor-point biopsies have shown denervated neuromuscular junctions and a reduced number of intramuscular nerve fibres. Molecular mimicry has been postulated as a possible mechanism triggering GBS. Thus, in the cranial variant antibodies to ganglioside GQ1b recognizes similar epitopes on Campylobacter jejuni strains and similar observations apply to anti-GM1 antibodies. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) also has several different clinical presentations such as a pure motor syndrome, a sensory ataxic variant, a mononeuritis multiplex pattern, relapsing GBS, and a paraparetic subtype. Each of the acute and the subtypes have different, more or less distinct, electrophysiologic and pathological findings. Instructive patient stories are presented together with there electrophysiologic and biopsy findings.
User interfaces for lightweight in-line editing of Web pages (2002)

In 1990, the earliest Web browser allowed the person reading a Web page to edit and save that page-the early Web provided fully collaborative pages. Mosaic, the browser that popularized the Web in 1993, allowed pages to be viewed and not changed. It took several more years before fully collaborative Web pages were available once more using specialized page sharing pages and servers. However, the user interfaces for these shared editing Web page systems are complex. When several users share the creation and editing of a Web page it is rare that each user requires full editing control over the whole page. Rather, the page originator usually sets the basic structure for the page, and collaborating authors fill in the detail to the structure. Synchronization and user interface design to support such a 'fill-in' process are much simpler to implement. The paper refers to such collaborative page construction as lightweight in-line editing. Examples of some existing user interface designs for the lightweight in-line editing are shown and discussed. The paper concludes with the author's own lightweight in-line editing system, Pardalote, which is under development. The Pardalote user interface design that employs new Web page components is presented.