gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First the Context, Later the Challenge: Commercial Mediators Interface with the Volatile International Sector (2004)

Unless we talk of international commerce, the two respective sectors in which you and I each work appear to be very separate arenas that lack any commonality. But, if we permit, a common bond indeed yearns to be acknowledged and cultivated: You and I have willingly accepted the honorable mantle as stewards of integrity, competency, and credibility of the mediation process and the profession itself. Mediation - a process which is neither pure nor scientific; a process complete with bastardizations such as mandatory mediation provisions as well as creative variations including partnering and med-arb models; a process which we regard as both mystical and sophisticated, but which is barely embryonic when compared to the development of future theories, processes and applications not yet even imagined. Despite the commonality that we are at least professional colleagues, there are differences in our scenarios, approaches and practices. The distinctions which I shall offer are neither meant to separate us nor to regard one sector as more complex or more difficult, sophisticated, important, or more elevated above the other. By attempting to construct a fuller picture, however incomplete or inaccurate, it may be that knowledge and acknowledgement will evolve - and that our profession as a whole will benefit, and even more so via the crossfertilization of each sector's own distinct artistry.
Impedance control is tuned to multiple directions of movement (2008)

Humans are able to learn tool-handling tasks, such as carving, demonstrating their competency to make and vary the direction of movements in unstable environments. It has been shown that when a single reaching movement is repeated in unstable dynamics, the central nervous system (CNS) learns an impedance internal model to compensate for the environment instability. However, there is still no explanation for how humans can learn to move in various directions in such environments. In this study, we investigated whether and how humans compensate for instability while learning two different reaching movements simultaneously. Results show that when performing movements in two different directions, separated by a 35 degrees angle, the CNS was able to compensate for the unstable dynamics. After adaptation, the force was found to be similar to the free movement condition, but stiffness increased in the direction of instability, specifically for each direction of movement. Our findings suggest that the CNS either learned an internal model generalizing over different movements, or alternatively that it was able to switch between specific models acquired simultaneously.
A Microfluidic Rectifier: Anisotropic Flow Resistance at Low Reynolds Numbers (2004)

It is one of the basic concepts of Newtonian fluid dynamics that at low Reynolds number (Re) the Navier-Stokes equation is linear and flows are reversible. In microfluidic devices, where Re is essentially always low, this implies that flow resistance in microchannels is isotropic. Here we present a microfluidic rectifier: a microscopic channel of a special shape whose flow resistance is strongly anisotropic, differing by up to a factor of 2 for opposite flow directions. Its nonlinear operation at arbitrary small Re is due to non-Newtonian elastic properties of the working fluid, which is a 0.01% aqueous solution of a high molecular weight polymer. The rectifier works as a dynamic valve and may find applications in microfluidic pumps and other integrated devices.
FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. III. Antitumor activities on experimental tumors in mice. (1994)

The antitumor activities of FR901228, (E)-(1S,4S,10S,21R)-7-[(Z)- ethylidene]-4,21-diisopropyl-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23- tetraazabicyclo[8,7,6]-tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentanone, isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968, were studied in animals. FR901228 (ip) prolonged the life of mice bearing such murine ascitic tumors as P388 and L1210 leukemias and B16 melanoma, and inhibited (iv) the growth of murine solid tumors (Colon 38 carcinoma, M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma and Meth A fibrosarcoma) and human solid tumors (Lu-65 and LC-6 lung carcinomas, and SC-6 stomach adenocarcinoma) implanted in normal and nude mice, respectively. Its antitumor activity was especially potent against murine Meth A fibrosarcoma and human SC-6 stomach adenocarcinoma which were refractory to mitomycin C or cisplatin. FR901228 also was more effective against mitomycin C-, cyclophosphamide-, vincristine- and 5-fluorouracil-resistant P388 leukemias than against non-resistant P388 in mice. These results suggest that FR901228 will be a new type of drug for the treatment of cancer.
Inducible transformation of cells from transgenic mice expressing SV40 under lac operon control. (1992)

If it were possible to clone in vitro cells of any type, at any stage of differentiation, from an extensively characterized animal such as the mouse, many areas of cell biology would benefit. Indeed, it would be even more helpful if these cells could subsequently be restored to their normal in vivo phenotype whenever required. Here, we describe a step on the pathway to such an idealized "clonable" mouse. In principle, it seeks to link a "universal" transforming agent to a regulatory system that is relatively simple, yet quite foreign to the mouse. A plasmid containing the bacterial lac operator/promoter region linked to the SV40 large T antigen and a vector containing the lac repressor that can be expressed in mammalian cells were coinjected into fertilized mouse oocytes utilizing the standard techniques for generating transgenic mice. Two progeny were obtained that express large T antigen in the presence, but not the absence, of the nonmetabolizable lac inducer, isopropyl-beta-thio-D-galactoside. This report characterizes fibroblast cell lines established from these transgenics that are readily transformed in vitro with isopropyl-beta-thio-D-galactoside. A significant proportion of the cells are restored to their "normal" (nontransformed phenotype) when isopropyl-beta-thio-D-galactoside is removed.
Intestinal Integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila , a Mucin-Degrading Member of the Intestinal Microbiota Present in Infants, Adults, and the Elderly (2007)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time PCR analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Akkermansia muciniphila were performed to determine its presence in the human intestinal tract. These techniques revealed that an A. muciniphila-like bacterium is a common member of the human intestinal tract and that its colonization starts in early life and develops within a year to a level close to that observed in adults (10(8) cells/g) but decreases (P < 0.05) in the elderly.
Automatic Portrait Segmentation for Image Stylization (2016)

Abstract Portraiture is a major art form in both photography and painting. In most instances, artists seek to make the subject stand out from its surrounding, for instance, by making it brighter or sharper. In the digital world, similar effects can be achieved by processing a portrait image with photographic or painterly filters that adapt to the semantics of the image. While many successful user‐guided methods exist to delineate the subject, fully automatic techniques are lacking and yield unsatisfactory results. Our paper first addresses this problem by introducing a new automatic segmentation algorithm dedicated to portraits. We then build upon this result and describe several portrait filters that exploit our automatic segmentation algorithm to generate high‐quality portraits.
A new CCD architecture of high-resolution and sensitivity for color digital still picture (1991)

A new charged-coupled device (CCD) architecture developed for building high-resolution and high-sensitivity image sensors suitable for color digital still picture applications is presented. The sensor is based on the interline CCD structure. Both the interline pixels and the vertical charge transfer lines are utilized as light-sensing elements to improve simultaneously the resolution and sensitivity. This device is named the sea-of-photosensor array (SPA-CCD). A camera and supporting digital system were designed and built specifically to evaluate the device. Digital picture processing for white balance adjustment, chromatic correction, and high-frequency luminance was performed to improve color reproduction and picture resolution. An increased light sensitivity and limiting resolutions of 550 horizontal lines and 400 vertical lines on a TV screen were confirmed with an SPA-CCD of the same chip size as a conventional 190-k pixel IT-CCD. The new design of the SPA-CCD overcomes both the sensitivity and the resolution limitations of previous approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of heparin and related molecules upon neutrophil aggregation and elastase release in vitro (2003)

1 Neutrophil-derived elastase is an enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Heparin inhibits the enzymatic activity of elastase and here we provide evidence for the first time that heparin can inhibit the release of elastase from human neutrophils. 2 Unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins (UH and LMWH, 0.01-1000 U ml(-1)) and corresponding concentrations (0.06-6000 micro g ml(-1)) of nonanticoagulant O-desulphated heparin (ODH), dextran sulphate (DS) and nonsulphated poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA) were compared for their effects on both elastase release from and aggregation of neutrophils. 3 UH, ODH and LMWH inhibited (P<0.05) the homotypic aggregation of neutrophils, in response to both N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP, 10(-6) M) and platelet-activating factor (PAF, 10(-6) M), as well as elastase release in response to these stimuli, in the absence and presence of the priming agent tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 100 U ml(-1)). 4 DS inhibited elastase release under all the conditions of cellular activation tested (P<0.05) but had no effect on aggregation. PGA lacked efficacy in either assay, suggesting general sulphation to be important in both effects of heparin on neutrophil function and specific patterns of sulphation to be required for inhibition of aggregation. 5 Further investigation of the structural requirements for inhibition of elastase release confirmed the nonsulphated GAG hyaluronic acid and neutral dextran, respectively, to be without effect, whereas the IP(3) receptor antagonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) mimicked the effects of heparin, itself an established IP(3) receptor antagonist, suggesting this to be a possible mechanism of action.
Real-Time Ridesharing (2011)

In recent years, an innovative ridesharing service relying heavily on advanced mobile phone technologies known as real-time ridesharing or dynamic ridesharing, has gained popularity in some groups: providers, organizations, and employers. Traditionally, rideshare arrangements between two or more unrelated individuals for commuting purposes have been relatively inflexible, long-term arrangements. Real-time ridesharing attempts to add flexibility to rideshare arrangements by allowing drivers and passengers to arrange occasional shared rides ahead of time or on short notice. The addition of this service innovation presents opportunities to overcome existing rideshare challenges but also leads to new challenges. The overall goal of this study was to provide a foundation for further realtime ridesharing research. The aims of the study were to identify, highlight, and discuss the potential benefits of and obstacles to real-time ridesharing and to point to the next steps to understand better and possibly advance this mode of travel. A definition of real-time ridesharing was given, followed by a comprehensive categorization of challenges hindering greater rideshare participation. The information gathered suggested that rather than being a single challenge to be overcome, the rideshare challenge was a series of economic, behavioral, institutional, and technological obstacles to be addressed. Potential opportunities and obstacles created by real-time innovations were then highlighted. Several recommendations are provided toward next steps to understand further how rideshare participants use real-time services, focusing on the need for multiple, comprehensive trials of real-time rideshare.
Information intelligence (2005)

Integrating enterprise information requires an accurate, precise and complete understanding of the disparate data sources, the needs of the information consumers, and how these map to the semantic business concepts of the enterprise. We describe how MetaMatrix captures and manages this metadata through the use of the OMG's MOF architecture and multiple domain-specific modeling languages, and how this semantic and syntactic metadata is then used for a variety of purposes, including accessing data in real-time from the underlying enterprise systems, integrating it, and returning it as information expected by consumers.
Wnt-1 Regulates Free Pools of Catenins and Stabilizes APC-Catenin Complexes (1996)

The Wnt-1 proto-oncogene induces the accumulation of beta-catenin and plakoglobin, two related proteins that associate with and functionally modulate the cadherin cell adhesion proteins. Here we have investigated the effects of Wnt-1 expression on the tumor suppressor protein APC, which also associates with catenins. Expression of Wnt-1 in two different cell lines greatly increased the stability of APC-catenin complexes. The steady-state levels of both catenins and APC were elevated by Wnt-1, and the half-lives of both beta-catenin and plakoglobin associated with APC were also markedly increased. The stabilization of catenins by Wnt-1 was primarily the result of a selective increase in the amount of uncomplexed, monomeric beta-catenin and plakoglobin, detected both by affinity precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography of cell extracts. Exogenous expression of beta-catenin was possible in cells already responding to Wnt-1 but not in the parental cells, suggesting that Wnt-1 inhibits an essential regulatory mechanism for beta-catenin turnover. APC has the capacity to oppose this Wnt-1 effect in experiments in which overexpression of the central region of APC significantly reduced the size of the monomeric pool of beta-catenin induced by Wnt-1. Thus, the Wnt-1 signal transduction pathway leads to the accumulation of monomeric catenins and stabilization of catenin complex formation with both APC and cadherins.
NF-κB Subunit-Specific Regulation of the Interleukin-8 Promoter (1993)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic cytokine for T lymphocytes and neutrophils, is induced in several cell types by a variety of stimuli including the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha. Several cis elements, including a binding site for the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B, have been identified in the regulatory region of the IL-8 gene. We have examined the ability of various NF-kappa B subunits to bind to, and activate transcription from, the IL-8 promoter. A nuclear complex was induced in phorbol myristate acetate-treated Jurkat T cells which bound specifically to the kappa B site of the IL-8 promoter and was inhibited by addition of purified I kappa B alpha to the reaction mixture. Only antibody to RelA (p65), but not to NFKB1 (p50), NFKB2 (p50B), c-Rel, or RelB was able to abolish binding, suggesting that RelA is a major component in these kappa B binding complexes. Gel mobility shift analysis with in vitro-translated and purified proteins indicated that whereas the kappa B element in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat bound to all members of the kappa B/Rel family examined, the IL-8 kappa B site bound only to RelA and to c-Rel and NFKB2 homodimers, but not to NFKB1 homodimers or heterodimers of NFKB1-RelA. Transient transfection analysis demonstrated a kappa B-dependent expression of the IL-8 promoter in a human fibrosarcoma cell line (8387) and in Jurkat T lymphocytes. Cotransfection with various NF-kappa B subunits indicated that RelA and c-Rel, but neither NFKB1 nor heterodimeric NFKB1-RelA, was able to activate transcription from the IL-8 promoter. Furthermore, cotransfection of NFKB1 and RelA, although able to support activation from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat, failed to activate expression from the IL-8 promoter. Antisense oligonucleotides to RelA, but not NFKB1, inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-induced IL-8 production in Jurkat T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate the differential ability of members of the kappa B/Rel family to bind to, and activate transcription from, the IL-8 promoter. Furthermore, while providing a novel example of a kappa B-regulated promoter in which the classical NF-kappa B complex is unable to activate transcription from the kappa B element, these data provide direct evidence for the role of RelA in regulation of IL-8 gene expression.
Use of a Mass Spectrometer as a Detector and Analyzer for Effluent Emerging from High Temperature Gas Liquid Chromatography Columns. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of a Mass Spectrometer as a Detector and Analyzer for Effluent Emerging from High Temperature Gas Liquid Chromatography Columns.Ragnar. RyhageCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 4, 759–764Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60210a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60210a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling of large flattened mode area fiber lasers (2009)

Potentialities of independent tailoring the index and gain profiles in fiber laser aiming to achieve a strong modal discrimination are theoretically examined. It is demonstrated by numerical simulations existence of fiber amplifier constructions which have the flattened fundamental mode profile in the gain region. It is shown that the fundamental mode retain the largest modal gain in comparison with modal gains of higher-order-modes for any depletion of the gain by the fundamental mode. The particular design is presented with the flattened fundamental mode area 6360 μm squared.
T Cells Deficient in Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Are Resistant to PD-1 Inhibition and Help Create Persistent Host Immunity to Leukemia (2017)

Efforts to improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies and immune checkpoint therapies in myelogenous leukemia are desired. In this study, we evaluated the antileukemia activity of adoptively transferred polyclonal cancer antigen-reactive T cells deficient in the regulator diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ) with or without PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In the C1498 mouse model of myeloid leukemia, we showed that leukemia was eradicated more effectively in DGKζ-deficient (DGKζ<sup>-/-</sup>) mice than wild-type mice. T cells transferred from DGKζ-deficient mice to wild-type tumor-bearing recipients conferred this benefit. Leukemia clearance was similar to mice treated with anti-PD-L1. Strikingly, we found that the activity of adoptively transferred DGKζ<sup>-/-</sup> T cells relied partly on induction of sustainable host T-cell immunity. Transferring DGKζ-deficient T cells increased the levels of IFNγ and other cytokines in recipient mice, especially with coadministration of anti-PD-L1. Overall, our results offered evidence that targeting DGKζ may leverage the efficacy of adoptive T-cell and immune checkpoint therapies in leukemia treatment. Furthermore, they suggest that DGKζ targeting might decrease risks of antigen escape or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. <i>Cancer Res; 77(20); 5676-86. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Mutual Hairless Rat Skin Permeation-Enhancing Effect of Ethanol/Water system and Oleic Acid (1996)

The mutual hairless rat skin permeation-enhancing effect of ethanol (EtOH)/water systems and oleic acid (OA) was investigated with model lipophilic (estradiol, progesterone, levonorgestrel) and hydrophilic drugs (zalcitabine, didanosine, zidovudine). The aqueous solubility and hairless rat skin permeation rate of each drug, saturated in various compositions of EtOH/water system (with and without OA), was determined at 37°C. The hairless rat skin permeation rates of ethanol from EtOH/water systems (with and without OA) were also measured to investigate the skin permeation-enhancing mechanism of EtOH/water systems and OA. Both saturated solubility and steady-state permeation rates of each drug in EtOH/water systems increased exponentially as the volume fraction of ethanol increased, reached the maximum value, and then decreased with further increases in the ethanol volume fraction. Moreover, the hairless rat skin permeation rate of each drug had a good linear relationship with that of ethanol up to 70% (v/v) of ethanol in the EtOH/water system. The addition of OA in the EtOH/water system (70:30 and 60:40 for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively) further enhanced the skin permeation rate of both ethanol and drugs. However, >2.0% (v/v) OA was required to achieve the plateau level in the skin permeation rate of lipophilic drugs, whereas only 0.3% (v/v) OA was required for hydrophilic drugs. The skin permeation rate of ethanol also increased with the addition of OA in the EtOH/water systems (70:30 and 60:40), reached the plateau level with <1.0% (v/v) OA, and did not significantly change with higher OA concentration. These results suggest that the addition of OA in the EtOH/water system is a useful method to enhance the hairless rat skin permeation rate of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, with more enhancement for hydrophilic drugs.