gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix receptors, ECMRII and ECMRI, for collagen and fibronectin correspond to VLA‐2 and VLA‐3 in the VLA family of heterodimers (1988)

The Very Late Activation Antigen (VLA) proteins are a family of five related heterodimers, which also are part of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Except for the identification of VLA-5 as a fibronectin receptor structure, the functions of the VLA proteins have remained unclarified. In this paper, immunoprecipitation experiments with both anti-alpha and anti-beta subunit antibodies showed that the previously identified cell adhesion receptor for collagen, extracellular matrix receptor II (ECMRII), is equivalent to VLA-2. At the same time a previously described multispecific cell adhesion receptor for collagen, fibronectin, and laminin (ECMRI) has been shown to be identical to VLA-3. Although the mAb 12F1 and P1H5 both recognized VLA-2 (ECMRII), they appeared to define distinct epitopes on the alpha 2 subunit. On the other hand, the mAb P1B5 and J143 recognized the alpha 3 subunit of VLA-3 (ECMRI) at or near the same site. Consistent with the collagen receptor functions of VLA-2 (ECMRII) and VLA-3 (ECMRI), anti-VLA beta antiserum blocked cell attachment to collagen.
Lipoprotein lipase suppression in 3T3‐L1 cells by a haematoprotozoan‐induced mediator from peritoneal exudate cells (1984)

Lysates of the haematoprotozoa Trypanosoma brucei or Plasmodium berghei stimulated murine peritoneal exudate cells to release a mediator, which suppressed lipoprotein lipase activity in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The parasite-induced mediator suppressed the activity of cell surface lipoprotein lipase up to 39% in a dose dependent manner. By impairing the activity of cell surface lipoprotein lipase, this mediator acts to inhibit the uptake of fatty acid, and ultimately the accumulation of lipid by the adipocyte. In vivo this defect in triglyceride removal may explain the hypertriglyceridemia commonly observed in haematoprotozoan infections. We suggest that the lipoprotein lipase suppression mediator is produced as a consequence of the immune response to these parasitic protozoa.
Method for studying development of colonization and infection of dialysis catheters. (2001)

Microbial colonization and infection of dialysis catheters is the major cause of catheter failure. The present study aimed to develop a method to permit the study of microbial biofilm formation and antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy. Standard silicon rubber and silver-impregnated catheters were sectioned into 1 mm slices and placed into 1-cm x 2-cm culture slide chambers. Fresh clinical isolates were obtained from infected patients and suspended in concentrations of 10(3), 10(6), and 10(9) colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter in a variety of liquid suspending culture media, which included serum protein constituents. Antibiotics could be added to the suspending fluid to determine prophylactic activity, or at any time thereafter to determine therapeutic activity. The catheter sections were incubated with the microbial challenge for 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours and then washed in flowing distilled water to remove unattached biofilm. They were then stained with acridine orange, which fluoresces microbial DNA, and were examined by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Biofilm formation, representing colonization and infection, were quantified by comparing the fluorescent pixel analysis of the uninoculated control with the challenged catheter. The method was reproducible and permitted quantitative analysis. Standard silicon rubber catheters demonstrated greater biofilm formation than silver-impregnated catheters. The method examines the factors involved in microbial colonization and infection, and in antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy.
Purification and Characterization of a Hexose Oxidase with Excellent Strengthening Effects in Bread (1998)

ABSTRACT Hexose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.5) (HOX) was purified 51‐fold from the red algae Chondrus crispus , by several chromatography methods, including hydrophobic interaction, chelating Sepharose, anion exchange, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing. Purified HOX was subjected to native PAGE and activity staining with nitroblue tetrazolium. For HOX electroeluted out of the gel and digested with endoproteinase Lys‐C, the internal peptide sequence determined was: D‐P‐G‐Y‐I‐V‐I‐D‐V‐N‐A‐G‐T‐(V or P)‐D‐K‐P‐D‐P‐X. The molecular mass, determined by gel filtration, was 126 kDa, versus 65 kDa determined by SDS‐PAGE. The pI was determined to 4.64 and 4.79 as a double band on an isoelectrofocusing gel. K m was determined to 2.7 m M for D‐glucose, 3.6 m M for D‐galactose, 20.2 m M for cellobiose, 43.7 m M for maltose, 90.3 m M for lactose, 102 m M for xylose, and 531 m M for arabinose. The oxidation of thiol groups in gluten was determined by using Ellman's reagent: 5,5′‐dithiobis (2‐nitrobenzoic acid). The effect of HOX was compared to that of glucose oxidase. Both enzymes caused a dose‐responsive reduction in the free thiol groups. Extensigraph measurements and baking tests confirmed that HOX caused increased dough strength and increased bread volume more efficiently than glucose oxidase used in the same dosage.
Global changes in STAT target selection and transcription regulation upon interferon treatments (2005)

The STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, but their targets and the manner in which they select them remain largely unknown. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip), we have identified the regions of human chromosome 22 bound by STAT1 and STAT2 in interferon-treated cells. Analysis of the genomic loci proximal to these binding sites introduced new candidate STAT1 and STAT2 target genes, several of which are affiliated with proliferation and apoptosis. The genes on chromosome 22 that exhibited interferon-induced up- or down-regulated expression were determined and correlated with the STAT-binding site information, revealing the potential regulatory effects of STAT1 and STAT2 on their target genes. Importantly, the comparison of STAT1-binding sites upon interferon (IFN)-gamma and IFN-alpha treatments revealed dramatic changes in binding locations between the two treatments. The IFN-alpha induction revealed nonconserved STAT1 occupancy at IFN-gamma-induced sites, as well as novel sites of STAT1 binding not evident in IFN-gamma-treated cells. Many of these correlated with binding by STAT2, but others were STAT2 independent, suggesting that multiple mechanisms direct STAT1 binding to its targets under different activation conditions. Overall, our results reveal a wealth of new information regarding IFN/STAT-binding targets and also fundamental insights into mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in different cell states.
Molecular detection based on conductance quantization of nanowires (2000)

We have studied molecular adsorption onto stable metallic nanowires fabricated with an electrochemical method. Upon the adsorption, the quantized conductance decreases, typically, to a fractional value, which may be attributed to the scattering of the conduction electrons by the adsorbates. The further conductance change occurs when the nanowire is exposed to another molecule that has stronger adsorption strength. Because the quantized conductance is determined by a few atoms at the narrowest portion of each nanowire, adsorption of a molecule onto the portion is enough to change the conductance, which may be used for chemical sensors.
<title>SOI X-crossing optical switch</title> (2001)

In this paper, we design a novel 2x2 silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide optical switch with X-crossing structure. With free- carrier plasma dispersion effect, we can construct such a device with X-crossing multimode interference region. Applying the X- crossing configuration, the input and output waveguides can be easily laterally separated for direct coupling to fiber without S-bending structure. We use a BPM simulation tool to simulate the output mode patterns and light propagations.
Association between type 1 diabetes and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination: birth cohort study (1999)

It is unlikely that H influenzae type b vaccination or its timing cause type 1 diabetes in children.
Gelation Process and Phase Separation of PVA Solutions As Studied by a Light Scattering Technique (1999)

Time-resolved light scattering measurements were performed on gelation processes of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions at 25 °C in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water (H2O) with volume ratios of 60/40 and 80/20. It was found that the scattering profile I(Q) from a 60/40 (DMSO/H2O) solution has a maximum whose position Qm is independent of time and that the intensity I(Q) at Q = Qm increases exponentially with time. These observations agree with the theoretical predictions for the initial stage of spinodal decomposition (SD) type phase separation, while the scattering profile I(Q) from a 80/20 solution has no peak. It is therefore concluded that the SD type microphase separation occurs before gelation in the 60/40 solution, but not in the 80/20 solution. On the basis of present, as well as past results, a possible mechanism of the gelation process for PVA solutions has been proposed.
Inductor- and Transformer-based Integrated RF Oscillators: A Comparative Study (2006)

Prior publications claim that transformer-based resonators achieve improvements in quality factor (Q), which translates to better phase noise in oscillators. This paper combines rigorous analysis with on-chip practical considerations for various types of on-chip transformers to demonstrate the importance of the resonator topology for Q-enhancement. We show that for a fixed silicon chip area, transformer-based resonators do not exhibit superior performance compared to inductor-based designs. Prototype oscillators are implemented at 5GHz in a 0.18mum CMOS process to validate these claims
Pathogenetic mechanisms and epidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (1993)

The antibody prevalence data indicate that C. pneumoniae infections are common worldwide and more frequently occur in middle-aged and elderly males than in females. C. pneumoniae infections are first acquired in childhood in heavily populated areas, whereas in northern countries, first infections are generally at teenage and in Scandinavia, typically at the time of military service. All chlamydial species tend to cause chronic infections, with severe sequelae developing 10 to 50 years after the primary infections. If C. pneumoniae resides in alveolar macrophages or in vascular endothelial cells in chronic infections the bacteria and their structural components, such as lipopolysaccharides have an easy access to circulation. The continuous induction of cytokines by C. pneumoniae may lead to chronic inflammation of vascular endothelium.
Gene expression profiling of human plasma cell differentiation and classification of multiple myeloma based on similarities to distinct stages of late-stage B-cell development (2003)

To identify genes linked to normal plasma cell (PC) differentiation and to classify multiple myeloma (MM) with respect to the expression patterns of these genes, we analyzed global mRNA expression in CD19-enriched B cells (BCs) from 7 tonsils, CD138-enriched PCs from 11 tonsils, 31 normal bone marrow samples, and 74 MM bone marrow samples using microarrays interrogating 6800 genes. Hierarchical clustering analyses with 3288 genes clearly segregated the 4 cell types, and chi-square and Wilcoxin rank sum tests (P <.0005) identified 359 and 500 previously defined and novel genes that distinguish tonsil BCs from tonsil PCs (early differentiation genes [EDGs]), and tonsil PCs from bone marrow PCs (late differentiation genes [LDGs]), respectively. MM as a whole was found to have dramatically variable expression of EDGs and LDGs, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify the most variable EDGs (vEDGs) and LDGs (v1LDG and v2LDG). Hierarchical cluster analysis with these genes revealed that previously defined MM gene expression subgroups (MM1-MM4) could be linked to one of the 3 normal cell types. Clustering with 30 vEDGs revealed that 13 of 18 MM4 cases clustered with tonsil BCs (P =.000 05), whereas 14 of 15 MM3 cases clustered with tonsil PCs when using 50 v1LDG (P =.000 008), and 14 of 20 MM2 cases clustered with bone marrow PCs when using 50 v2LDG (P =.000 09). MM1 showed no significant linkage with normal cell types studied. Thus, genes whose expression is linked to distinct transitions in late-stage B-cell differentiation can be used to classify MM.
Synthesis and central nervous system activity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-amino-4-phenylnaphthalenes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and central nervous system activity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-amino-4-phenylnaphthalenesLewis A. Walter, Wei K. Chang, Joanne Kenney, and Irina D. KulechaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 4, 459–463Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00250a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (597 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
EDFA with dynamic gain compensation for multiwavelength transmission systems (1994)

The erbium-doped Fiber amplifier (EDFA) is now recognized as a key component in frequency-division-multiplexed (FDM) systems.1 In FDM systems, an input power change due to dynamic optical frequency assignment causes a saturation-induced cross-talk penalty through the gain dynamics of the EDFA.2 To date, the dynamic gain compensation has been performed by pump-power control.3 When the pump power is changed, the wavelength of the pump source is also changed. Particularly in the case of a 0.98-μm pump, the wavelength change of the pump source induces degradation of pump efficiency and noise performance. In this paper we propose a new method of the dynamic gain compensation of the EDFA for FDM systems based on a novel scheme for signal feedback. We also investigate both theoretically and experimentally the feasibility of an EDFA with dynamic gain compensation as an in-line repeater for a 16-channel 622-Mbit/s FDM system.
Functional redundancy among Nanos proteins and a distinct role of Nanos2 during male germ cell development (2006)

The mouse Nanos proteins, Nanos2 and Nanos3, are required for germ cell development and share a highly conserved zinc-finger domain. The expression patterns of these factors during development, however, differ from each other. Nanos3 expression in the mouse embryo commences in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) just after their formation, and a loss of this protein results in the germ cell-less phenotype in both sexes. By contrast, Nanos2 expression begins only in male PGCs after their entry into the genital ridge and a loss of this protein results in a male germ cell deficiency, irrespective of the co-expression of Nanos3 in these cells. These results indicate that these two Nanos proteins have distinct functions, which depend on the time and place of their expression. To further elucidate this, we have generated transgenic mouse lines that express Nanos2 under the control of the Oct4DeltaPE promoter and examined Nanos2 function in a Nanos3-null genetic background. We find that ectopically produced Nanos2 protein rescues the Nanos3-null defects, because the germ cells fully develop in both sexes in the transgenic mice. This result indicates that Nanos2 can substitute for Nanos3 during early PGC development. By contrast, our current data show that Nanos3 does not rescue the defects in Nanos2-null mice. Our present findings thus indicate that there are redundant functions of the Nanos proteins in early PGC development, but that Nanos2 has a distinct function during male germ cell development in the mouse.
Activation and inhibition of erythropoietin receptor function: role of receptor dimerization. (1994)

Members of the cytokine receptor superfamily have structurally similar extracellular ligand-binding domains yet diverse cytoplasmic regions lacking any obvious catalytic domains. Many of these receptors form ligand-induced oligomers which are likely to participate in transmembrane signaling. A constitutively active (factor-independent) mutant of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), R129C in the exoplasmic domain, forms disulfide-linked homodimers, suggesting that the wild-type EPO-R is activated by ligand-induced homodimerization. Here, we have taken two approaches to probe the role EPO-R dimerization plays in signal transduction. First, on the basis of the crystal structure of the ligand-bound, homodimeric growth hormone receptor (GH-R) and sequence alignment between the GH-R and EPO-R, we identified residues of the EPO-R which may be involved in intersubunit contacts in an EPO-R homodimer. Residue 129 of the EPO-R corresponds to a residue localized to the GH-R dimer interface region. Alanine or cysteine substitutions were introduced at four other residues of the EPO-R predicted to be in the dimer interface region. Substitution of residue E-132 or E-133 with cysteine renders the EPO-R constitutively active. Like the arginine-to-cysteine mutation at position 129 in the exoplasmic domain (R129C), E132C and E133C form disulfide-linked homodimers, suggesting that constitutive activity is due to covalent dimerization. In the second approach, we have coexpressed the wild-type EPO-R with inactive mutants of the receptor missing all or part of the cytosolic domain. These truncated receptors have a dominant inhibitory effect on the proliferative action of the wild-type receptor. Taken together, these results strengthen the hypothesis that an initial step in EPO- and EPO-R-mediated signal transduction is ligand-induced receptor dimerization.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Neuroactive Steroids Acting on the GABAA Receptor (2009)

The term "neuroactive steroid" (NAS) refers to steroids which, independent of their origin, are capable of modifying neural activities. These steroids positively or negatively modulate the function of members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. Those with positive allosteric actions on the gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor (GABAA receptor) have been shown to be potent anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, and antistress agents and to possess sedative, hypnotic, and anesthetic activities. New types of neuroactive steroids have been widely sought and structural modifications of the naturally occurring metabolites allopregnanolone, pregnanolone and allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, have been examined in the light of the vast family of GABA receptor subtypes within the brain. Here we review the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of neuroactive steroid analogues obtained by modification of the steroid nucleus, including substitutions at the A, B, C, and D rings and the side chain, with emphasis on the different pharmacophores proposed.
α-Klotho Expression in Human Tissues (2015)

The data presented confirm α-Klotho expression in the kidney tubule and in the artery and provide evidence of α-Klotho expression across organ systems and cell types that has not previously been described in humans.
Prognostic significance of osteopontin expression in human prostate cancer (2005)

To test the hypothesis that expression of osteopontin (OPN), an integrin-binding glycoprotein, can independently predict the potential aggressiveness of prostate cancer, the status of OPN expression in benign and malignant prostate cancer cell lines and tissues was analysed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Amongst the four prostate cell lines analysed, the level of OPN expressed in the benign PNT-2 cells was set at 1, the relative level of OPN expressed in the weakly malignant cell line LNCaP was increased to 1.5. In the highly malignant cell lines Du-145 and PC-3, the level of OPN expression was further increased to 2.9 and 4.4, respectively. An increased expression of OPN was also observed in the prostate tissue samples. When the level of OPN in normal tissue was set at 1, its level in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was similar at 0.99 +/- 0.2, whereas the OPN level in the highly malignant carcinoma tissue was greatly increased by nearly 6-fold to 5.9 +/- 0.3. Amongst the 116 cases examined immunocytochemically, of the 10 normal cases, 3 (30%) were unstained and 7 (70%) stained weakly positive (+). Amongst the 36 BPH samples, 32 (89%) stained weakly positive (+) and 4 (11%) were unstained (-). For the 70 carcinomas analysed, 31 (44%) stained strongly positive (+++), 20 (29%) stained moderately positive (++) and 19 (27%) stained weakly positive (+). These results showed that the level of OPN expressed between the normal and the BPH samples was not significantly different (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.16). However, in comparison to that in the BPH samples, the expression of OPN in the carcinoma tissues was significantly increased (Chi-square test, p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the increased level of OPN expression was significantly (n = 70, p = 0.03) associated with reduced survival time of the patients. The OPN expression was increased with the increasing Gleason scores of the carcinomas (Chi-square test, p < 0.001). The results in our study support our hypothesis and suggest that the increased OPN level may be involved in the malignant transformation of prostate epithelial cells and OPN expression level is an important determinant for patient survival.
Introduction (2018)

This introduction shows how, from a ‘migrant’s perspective’, the defects of a newly adopted home country become particularly visible. Such voices, while always individual, allow us to paint a picture of Switzerland’s past that until now was seldom part of either Swiss historiography or collective memory. In this way, they bring to the fore not only private, but also structural conditions. And they make it possible to capture the political impact of everyday occurrences that are not passed down in other historical sources.
Chronic prostatitis (2003)

The aetiology of chronic pelvic pain syndrome is still not certain, although an auto-immune process is favoured. Further research is required to determine the putative auto-antigen, the immune responses of patients, the role of bacteria in the inflammatory process, and the patients' pain response to genitourinary insults. As yet no diagnostic tests (other than to eliminate other pathology) and few treatments for chronic prostatitis can be recommended on the basis of scientific evidence.