gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Gene Therapy in the 21st Century (1997)

The technology of gene transfer has developed rapidly and has been applied successfully as pharmacological therapy in animal models of human vascular disease. Human vascular gene therapy has not become a reality although clinical trials are starting. In the next century, gene therapy will find its place in the vascular physicians' armamentarium as new pharmacological targets are defined and new vectors devised for gene transfer. Vascular gene therapy, the use of gene transfer to treat diseases of the vascular system, excites the imagination and captures the public's attention because it promises at a single step almost magically to cure the previously uncurable. The goal has been elusive although the promise remains. What can we look forward to in the 21st century? Will the dream ever be realized or is it a fantasy that will always be out of reach? The sceptics argue that research into pharmacology continues to provide us with powerful drugs for the treatment of vascular disease. Why bother with gene transfer? Could not the same goals be achieved by more conventional means? These questions demand answers and adequate justification. In developing the response, we gain a clear understanding of the potential of gene therapy and thereby define a better set of objectives. Gene therapy in broad terms covers somatic cell and germ line gene therapy. Genetic manipulation of the germ line leads to the development of transgenic animals with specific genes that have been deleted or overexpressed; these animals are useful for the study of gene function. Their organs might also be of use for transplantation into humans. For example, transgenic pigs are being developed for this purpose(1). Although the study of transgenic animals and the field of germ line gene therapy are of great importance for vascular biology, they will not be covered here. This review will address vascular somatic gene therapy and will attempt to focus on potential targets, progress made in the last decade, and the steps needed to achieve clinical application.
9.1: A 57‐in. Wide UXGA TFT‐LCD for HDTV Application (2004)

Abstract Samsung has announced the development of a full WUXGA (1920×1080) 57″ LCD‐TV panel using Super PVA (S‐PVA) technology, the world's largest LCD‐TV. This product represents several breakthrough developments, which include contrast ratio of over 1000:1, and response time of sub‐10msec using DCC‐II technology. In addition, Samsung has overcome some major obstacles toward production of such large‐sized panels.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs as Inhibitors of Periodontal Disease Progression (1993)

Recent interest in the control and modulation of periodontal disease has focused on the potential benefits of blocking the host response mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease. In addition to recent advances in the identification and control of etiologic bacteria, investigators have indicated promising results using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as inhibitors of the inflammatory destruction in periodontal disease. This article examines research efforts over the last 20 years describing the role of prostaglandins in periodontal disease and the effect of NSAIDs on the progression of gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss.
Ribosomal frameshifting on viral RNAs (1995)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Neuronotrophic and Neurite-Promoting Factors and Their Clinical Potentials pp. 73–86 (1983)

Neuronal maintenance and neuritic growth during development are increasingly recognized as being under the extrinsic control of neuronotrophic- and neurite-promoting agents. Protein agents ('factors') are the most studied but not the only molecules exerting such controls. It appears increasingly likely that adult neurons in situ are equally subject to similar extrinsic regulations. Two recently studied in vivo models for peripheral and central neural regeneration have demonstrated trauma-related accumulations of neuronotrophic- and neurite-promoting factors in the adult rat, in close temporal correlation with neuronal maintenance and axonal regrowth, respectively. Deficits in the supply or utilization of similar factors may underlie neuronal or glial regressive processes in aging, and in selected neuronal diseases such as Parkinson, ALS and Alzheimer. Speculative approaches to, and potential problems of, clinical interventions addressing putative neuronotrophic deficits are discussed.
Cytoplasmic Nucleophosmin in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia with a Normal Karyotype (2005)

Cytoplasmic NPM is a characteristic feature of a large subgroup of patients with AML who have a normal karyotype, NPM gene mutations, and responsiveness to induction chemotherapy.
Novel Pathways Associated with Bypassing Cellular Senescence in Human Prostate Epithelial Cells (2002)

Cellular senescence forms a barrier that inhibits the acquisition of an immortal phenotype, a critical feature in tumorigenesis. The inactivation of multiple pathways that positively regulate senescence are required for immortalization. To identify these pathways in an unbiased manner, we performed DNA microarray analyses to assess the expression of 20,000 genes in human prostate epithelial cells (HPECs) passaged to senescence. These gene expression patterns were then compared with those of HPECs immortalized with the human Papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein. Senescent cells display gene expression patterns that reflect their nonproliferative, differentiated phenotype and express secretory proteases and extracellular matrix components. A comparison of genes transcriptionally up-regulated in senescence to those in which expression is significantly down-regulated in immortalized HPECs identified three genes: the chemokine BRAK, DOC1, and a member of the insulin-like growth factor axis, IGFBP-3. Expression of these genes is found to be uniformly lost in human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts, and previously, their inactivation was documented in tumor samples. Thus, these genes may function in novel pathways that regulate senescence and are inactivated during immortalization. These changes may be critical not only in allowing cells to bypass senescence in vitro but in the progression of prostate cancer in vivo.
Expression of huCdc7 in colorectal cancer (2013)

huCdc7 may play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor. Purification by immunoaffinity chromatography and initial characterization. (1988)

The receptor for human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was isolated from a subclone of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937. These cells exhibit a single class of high affinity receptors (Kd = 0.51 +/- 0.25 nM) with an average density of 55,000 +/- 5,000 binding sites/cell. After solubilization with detergent, the receptor retained its ability to bind free TNF-alpha but failed to bind to TNF-alpha immobilized on various solid supports. For receptor purification, 125I-TNF-alpha was covalently attached to the receptor on intact cells by the bifunctional cross-linking reagents ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate) or 3,3-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate). The cells were then solubilized with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, and the supernatants, clarified by centrifugation, were passed over an IgG-Sepharose column prepared from TNF-alpha antiserum. The receptor-rich fraction from the antibody column was further purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These two steps together provided approximately 165,000-fold purification of the TNF-alpha receptor. The TNF-alpha receptor-ligand complex obtained by this method had a subunit molecular weight of 100,000 +/- 5,000 when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but on gel filtration the complex migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 480,000 +/- 32,000. However, the receptor showed a molecular weight of 65,000 +/- 32,000 when gel filtration was performed in the absence of ligand. Additional characteristics of the receptor are discussed.
Epidemiology of Nasal Polyps (1996)

Nasal polyps are found in 36% of patients with aspirin intolerance, 7% of those with asthma, 0.1% in children, and about 20% in those with cystic fibrosis. Other conditions associated with nasal polyps are Churg-Strauss Syndrome, allergic fungal sinusitis, and cilia dyskinetic syndrome, (Kartagener's) and Young Syndrome. Nasal polyps are statistically more common in nonallergic asthma versus allergic asthma (13% vs 5%, P < 0.01). About 40% of patients with surgical polypectomies have recurrences. There appears to be a hereditary factor for developing nasal polyps. A classification system for staging nasal polyps is proposed in order to standardize treatment, consider differential diagnosis, and harvest meaningful comparative research information.
Piezocomposite technology An innovative approach to the improvement of N.D.T. performance using ultrasounds (2002)

The ever-increasing need for improved performance and adaptation to particular inspection conditions calls for the development of new ultrasound sensor technologies, such as Piezocomposite 1-3 technology. This technology makes use of piezoelectric elements in the form of composites made up of ceramic micro-rods embedded in a polymer matrix. This article will describe the structure of these piezocomposite materials and their most important electroacoustic and mechanical characteristics. A certain number of applications that can benefit from this technology will also be presented. These applications make use of a large number of different types of sensors in the 200 kHz to 20 MHz frequency range, in particular immersion sensors with high electroacoustic performance (sensitivity, signal / noise ratio, damping), focused sensors with very high lateral resolution, high temperature sensors, and multi-element or phased array sensors.
Overexpression of CHP2 enhances tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer. (2007)

With RT-PCR analysis, CHP2-transfected OVCAR3/CHP2 cancer cells showed high CHP2 gene expression, whereas non-transfected clones did not produce detectable CHP2 mRNA. CHP2-transfected OVCAR3/CHP2 cells showed increased proliferation rates and exhibited increased activities of cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The current study provides the first evidence that overexpression of the CHP2 gene affects the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 and is one of key mechanisms for ovarian carcinoma progression, suggesting that CHP2 may be an attractive target for biological anticancer therapy.
Variable Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Triggered by closo‐ and nido‐Carborane Substitution (2013)

Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with three bidentate carborane-functionalized ligands have been synthesized. The luminescent efficiency of the o-carborane-based facial complex fac-o shows solvent-molecule dependence both in solution and solid state that is related to the dielectric constant. The water-soluble and high phosphorescence-efficient nido complex nido-fac-o can be used in fluorescence lifetime bioimaging.
Brain Drug Targeting (2001)

The thesis of this innovative and challenging book, first published in 2001, is that brain drug development has been restricted by the failure of adequate brain drug targeting, and that this is an increasingly urgent problem as developments in genomics lead to new generations of therapeutic macromolecules. The author, a world leader in the study of the blood-brain barrier and its clinical implications, reviews the field of neurotherapeutics from the point of view of drug targeting. He surveys the scientific and clinical basis of drug delivery across biological membranes, including topics such as genetically engineered trojan horses for drug targeting, antisense neurotherapeutics, and gene therapy of brain disorders. At a time when there are few significant new drug treatments in prospect for common neurological diseases, this authoritative review will encourage a wide range of clinicians and neuroscientists to reexamine the development and use of drugs in treating disorders of the central nervous system.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of IHL-305 (pegylated liposomal irinotecan) in patients with advanced solid tumors (2009)

2547 Background: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a prodrug of SN-38 that has antitumor activity in a wide range of solid tumors. IHL- 305 is a PEGylated-liposomal formulation of irinotecan designed to increase the therapeutic index by prolonging the duration of exposure in both plasma and tumors. IHL-305 demonstrates superior anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had advanced solid tumors, ECOG ≤2, adequate organ function and no prior exposure to CPT-11. In a standard 3+3 escalation, IHL-305 was infused over 60 minutes q 28 days. UGT1A1*28 genotyping was performed with the homozygous (*28/*28) variants treated at 50% of current dose (subsequent escalation allowed). The area under the plasma concentration- time curve (AUC) of sum total (encapsulated + released) CPT-11, released CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) was calculated. The % CPT-11 released was calculated as the ratio of released CPT-11 AUC to sum total CPT-11 AUC x 100. The primary objectives were to determine the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), phase II recommended dose (P2RD), and clinical pharmacology of IHL- 305. Results: 42 pts treated; homozygous wild-type (wt/wt; n=23), heterozygous (wt/*28; n=13) and homozygous variants (*28/*28; n= 6). 10 dose levels explored; 7, 14, 28, 37, 50, 67, 88, 120, 160 and 210 mg/m 2 . DLTs included: 1 Gr 3 acute nausea/vomiting at 67 mg/ m 2 (subsequent pts received premedication), 1 Gr 3 delayed-onset diarrhea at 160 mg/m 2 , and 1 Gr 3 delayed nausea/vomiting and one Gr 3 febrile neutropenia at 210mg/m 2 . Pts received repeated courses of IHL-305 with no delays for myelosuppression or diarrhea. 7 pts had stable disease ≥ 6 cycles. The mean ± SD PK parameters are summarized in the table below. Conclusions: The MTD and P2RD of IHL-305 is 160 mg/m2 IV q 28 days. IHL-305 shows a high and prolonged exposure of sum total and released CPT-11 and SN-38. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry (2007)

In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that "Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications", we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references).
Continuous concentration of bacteria in a microfluidic flow cell using electrokinetic techniques (2001)

A novel method for the concentration of bacterial solutions is presented that implements electrokinetic techniques, zone electrophoresis (ZE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF), in a microfluidic device. The method requires low power (< 3e-5 W) and can be performed continuously on a flowing stream. The device consists of two palladium electrodes held in a flow cell constructed from layers of polymeric film held together by a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Both ZE and IEF are performed with carrier-free solutions in devices in which the electrodes are in intimate contact with the sample fluid. IEF experiments were performed using natural pH gradients; no carrier ampholyte solution was required. Experiments performed in buffer alone resulted in significant electroosmotic flow. Pretreatment of the sample chamber with bleach followed by a concentrated solution of cationic detergent effectively suppressed electroosmotic flow.
Semiconductor wafer and technical flat planeness testing interferometer (1986)

An interferometer for planeness testing of technical surfaces is described and real-time interferometric evaluations of 10-cm (4-in.) diam silicon wafers were carried out. The interferometer, using the principles of phase sampling interferometry, is a combination of an oblique incidence Fizeau interferometer with a moire interferometer. The interference pattern is a pure two-beam pattern. To get low frequency moire fringes the live interference fringes must have about the same spatial frequency as the moving grating used for reference phase stepping. Assuming that an automatic alignment device is included in the design, up to three wafers per minute could be measured and classified.
Transgenic Interleukin 10 Prevents Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1999)

The effectiveness of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated central nervous system inflammation is controversial. Studies of the model system, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), using various routes, regimens, and delivery methods of IL-10 suggest that these variables may affect its immunoregulatory function. To study the influence of these factors on IL-10 regulation of EAE pathogenesis, we have analyzed transgenic mice expressing human IL-10 (hIL-10) transgene under the control of a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) promoter. The hIL-10 transgenic mice are highly resistant to EAE induced by active immunization, and this resistance appears to be mediated by suppression of autoreactive T cell function. Myelin-reactive T helper 1 cells are induced but nonpathogenic in the IL-10 transgenic mice. Antibody depletion confirmed that EAE resistance is dependent on the presence of the transgenic IL-10. Mice expressing the hIL-10 transgene but not the endogenous murine IL-10 gene demonstrated that transgenic IL-10 from MHC class II-expressing cells is sufficient to block induction of EAE. This study demonstrates that IL-10 can prevent EAE completely if present at appropriate levels and times during disease induction.
An Analysis of the Head-Neck Taper Interface in Retrieved Hip Prostheses (1994)

The purpose of this study was to examine the mating surfaces of femoral heads and stems for evidence of corrosion, and to evaluate the quality of the taper lock of modular hip prostheses. Forty-eight implants with three different designs were evaluated. Group I (26 implants) had a cobalt alloy head and cobalt alloy stem. Group II (ten implants) had a cobalt alloy head and a titanium stem. Group III (12 implants) had a cobalt alloy head with a titanium stem that was coupled in the factory via a shrink fit. The implants were examined under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In cases where the femoral head was still assembled to the stem, pull-off testing was performed using an MTS machine. The average failure load for the pull-off tests for each group of prostheses was as follows: Group I (nine implants) 3,003 N +/- 623 N; Group II (six implants) 4453 N +/- 570 N; and Group III (12 implants) 6859 N +/- 3525 N. The Group III implants required a significantly greater pull-off force than those in Group I (p = 0.002). There was no evidence of corrosion in Group I. In Group II, crevice corrosion was noted in one taper interface and there was fretting in two other tapers. No corrosion was noted in Group III. Improving the tolerances of the mating surfaces may be a key factor in preventing corrosion. This would not only increase the forces that are necessary to debond the matting surfaces, but also decrease corrosion by reducing micromotion and fluid at the taper interface.
Crystal Structure of Endo-.beta.-N-acetylglucosaminidase F1, an .alpha./.beta.-Barrel Enzyme Adapted for a Complex Substrate (1994)

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F1 (Endo F1) is an endoglycosidase, secreted by Flavobacterium meningosepticum, that cleaves asparagine-linked oligosaccharides after the first N-acetylglucosamine residue. The enzyme is selective for high-mannose oligosaccharide chains. The crystal structure of Endo F1 has been determined at 2.0-A resolution. The molecular fold consists of a highly irregular alpha/beta-barrel, a commonly observed motif consisting of a cyclic 8-fold repeat of beta-strand/loop/alpha-helix units with an eight-stranded parallel beta-barrel at the center. Endo F1 lacks two of the alpha-helices, those of units 5 and 6. Instead, the links after beta-strands 5 and 6 consist of a short turn followed by a section in an extended conformation that replaces the helix and a long loop at the bottom of the molecule. The absence of any excursion on top of the molecule following beta-strands 5 and 6 results in a pronounced depression in the rim of the barrel. This depression forms one end of a shallow cleft that runs across the surface of the molecule, over the core of the beta-barrel to the area between the loops of units 1 and 2. The active site residues, Asp130 and Glu132, are located at the carboxyl end of beta-strand 4 and extend into this cleft. These residues are surrounded by several tyrosine residues. The cleft area formed by loops 1 and 2 is lined with polar residues, mainly asparagines. The latter area is thought to be responsible for oligosaccharide binding and recognition while the protein moiety of the substrate would be located outside the molecule but adjacent to the area of loops 5 and 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacological and Protein Profiling Suggests Venetoclax (ABT-199) as Optimal Partner with Ibrutinib in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2015)

Our biologic and molecular results suggest that ibrutinib and ABT-199 combination should be tested clinically against CLL.
Detection DNA Point Mutation with Rolling-Circle Amplification Chip (2010)

We present a protocol with isothermal rolling-circle amplification (RCA) to detect DNA point mutation on chip. The basic principle of the method is an allele-specific oligonucleotide circularization mediated by special DNA ligase. The probe is circularized when perfect complementary sequences between the probe oligonucleotide and target DNA. Mismatches around the ligation site can prevent probe circularization. The circularized probe (C-probe) can be amplified by rolling circle amplification to generate multimeric singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) Under isothermal condition. There are sequence regions to bind respectively with fluorescent probe, solid probe and Artificial template in the C-probe which we designed. These ssDNA products are hybridized with fluorescent probe and immobilized on a glass slide composing a regular microarray pattern. The signal of fluorescence can be monitored by a scanner in the presence of nucleic acids templates, whereas the probe cannot be circularized and signal of fluorescence cannot be found. The stringency discrimination of the molecular templates are up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> folds between matched and mismatched sequences. The development of C-probe-based technologies offers a promising prospect for situ detection, microarray, molecular diagnosis, single nucleotide polymorphism, and whole genome amplification.