gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and properties of fine scale 1-3 piezocomposites by modified lost mold method (2002)

The fabrication of 1-3 piezoelectric PZT/polymer composites using a modified lost mold method is discussed. The modification is in the method of forming the mold. Two new types of sacrificial polymer molds were investigated. In one of the methods, dental wax sheets /spl sim/1.25 mm thick were punched to get the negative of the desired ceramic structure. The wax molds were infiltrated with a slurry containing a high solids loading of PZT particles. Particle size distribution of the PZT powder was controlled to optimize the slurry viscosity and solids loading. After drying, the molds were burned out, and the PZT structures sintered to high density in a controlled lead atmosphere. Various structures with 1-3 rods ranging in size from 50 to 500-/spl mu/m in diameter, and with shapes inducing diamonds, hexagons, triangles, squares, and cylinders were fabricated. In another method, the mold was developed by bundling of hollow polyester fibers (ID=240-/spl mu/m) and filling them with PZT slurry. The sintered rod structures obtained from either type of molds were backfilled with polymer, polished, electroded and poled. The processing of the piezocomposites and their electromechanical properties will be presented.
Non-invasive detection of bladder cancer by identification of abnormal CD44 proteins in exfoliated cancer cells in urine (1995)

Aims-To investigate the expression of CD44 proteins in exfoliated urothelial cells and in tumour tissues from bladder cancer patients. A further objective was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the changes observed in the expression of these proteins as a marker for non-invasive detection of bladder cancer.Methods-Naturally voided urine specimens were collected from 47 patients with bladder cancer or severe urothelial dysplasia (n=3) and from a control group of 43 people with no evidence of neoplastic disease. Exfoliated urothelial cells floating in the urine were pelleted by centrifugation and lysed, and their constituent proteins extracted. The pattern of expression of CD44 proteins in each sample was examined by western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody, Hermes 3, which recognises an epitope on the polypeptide backbone of the CD44 protein. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on neoplastic (n=10) and normal (n=4) bladder tissue specimens which were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen before examination with antibodies to CD44 gene products (CD44s and CD44v6).Results-Western blot analysis revealed several high molecular weight CD44 isoforms > 160 kDa in urine cell lysates from 75% of patients with histologically confirmed bladder cancer and in two of the three patients with severe dysplasia. Such patterns were not detected in the urine cell pellets from any persons in the control group. Immunohistochemical studies of the tissue distribution of CD44s and CD44v6 showed that the differentiation and maturation of the epithelial cells in the normal bladder mucosa is accompanied by a decrease in CD44 protein expression. However, carcinoma cells overexpress standard and variant CD44 isoforms and continue to do so as they proceed through the thickened epithelial layer to the luminal surface and after they are shed into the urine.Conclusions-The abnormal expression of CD44 proteins in exfoliated cancer cells may be a useful marker for the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Development of an Oral Formulation for Oestrone 3-O-Sulphamate, a Potent Sulphatase Inhibitor (1996)

Oestrone sulphatase is a key enzyme involved in oestrogen synthesis in breast tumours in postmenopausal women. As breast tumours can be endocrine-dependent, it is therefore feasible that blockage of this enzyme may be of value in the treatment of such tumours. Oestrone 3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) is the most potent inhibitor of oestrone sulphatase activity described to date. Here, we describe a preliminary examination of its physicochemical properties and the development of a self-emulsifying formulation for potential administration of EMATE by the oral route. A preliminary assessment of the absorption of the drug from the gut was undertaken, and pharmacological activity, determined as oestrone sulphatase inhibition, was studied following intravenous and oral administration. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to measure degradation of EMATE in the formulation and also its concentration in rat plasma.



The drug was susceptible to degradation, but its stability in the formulation was satisfactory when stored at either 4°C or room-temperature over the timespan required for a clinical trial. Plasma EMATE concentrations after 2 h were a function of the dose of drug administered orally to rats over the 10–40 mg kg−1 range. After oral administration in the self-emulsifying system, EMATE appeared to be rapidly absorbed, with the peak plasma concentration being detected at 30 min, after which plasma concentrations rapidly decreased. After intravenous administration, a similar plasma EMATE concentration was detected at 1 h to that observed after oral administration. Rat liver sulphatase activity was almost completely inhibited (> 99%) within 30 min of oral or intravenous administration of EMATE.
Leukocyte Antigen-Related Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor: A Small Ectodomain Isoform Functions as a Homophilic Ligand and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth (2003)

The identities of ligands interacting with protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) receptors to regulate neurite outgrowth remain mainly unknown. Analysis of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the rat leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) PTP receptor predicted a small, approximately 11 kDa ectodomain isoform, designated LARFN5C, containing a novel N terminal followed by a C-terminal segment of the LAR fifth fibronectin type III domain. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of LARFN5C transcripts in brain. Transfection of COS cells with LARFN5C-Fc cDNA resulted in expression of the predicted protein, and Western blot analysis verified expression of approximately 11 kDa LARFN5C protein in vivo and its developmental regulation. Beads coated with rLARFN5C demonstrated aggregation consistent with homophilic binding, and pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that rLARFN5C associates with the LAR receptor. rLARFN5C binding to COS cells was dependent on LAR expression, and rLARFN5C binding to LAR +/+ hippocampal neurons was fivefold greater than that found by using LAR-deficient (-/-) neurons. Substratum-bound rLARFN5C had potent neurite-promoting effects on LAR +/+ neurons, with a fivefold loss in potency with the use of LAR -/- neurons. rLARFN5C in solution at low nanomolar concentrations inhibited neurite outgrowth induced by substratum-bound rLARFN5C, consistent with receptor-based function. These studies suggest that a small ectodomain isoform of a PTP receptor can function as a ligand for the same receptor to promote neurite outgrowth.
Reaction of arylboronic acids and their derivatives with lead tetra-acetate. The generation of aryl–lead triacetates, and meta- and para-phenylenebis(lead triacetate), in situ for electrophilic arylation (1990)

Arylboronic acids and some of their derivatives have been found to undergo a rapid boron–lead exchange with lead tetra-acetate. In the presence of a catalytic amount of mercury(II) acetate, the reaction produces mainly the aryl–lead triacetate, and it has been developed as a convenient method for in situ generation of these useful electrophilic C-arylating reagents. The reaction allows the generation for the first time of meta- and para-phenylenebis(lead triacetate), compounds which behave as meta- and para-phenylene dication equivalents.
Chemical Vapor Deposition and Characterization Amorphous Teflon Fluoropolymer Thin Films of (1997)

Dielectric materials with dielectric constant (K) less than the conventionally used SiO 2 (K = 3.9) are gaining importance particularly for low voltage operated integrated circuits due to their ability to reduce signal propagation delays, power dissipation, and crosstalk when used as interconnect dielectrics. In this paper, we report for the first time ever a chemical vapor deposition technique for the deposition of the copolymeric amorphous Teflon fluoropolymer AF 1600 which is a new low K material with a value of K of about 1.93. The principle of direct liquid injection in an ultra-violet (UV) light assisted rapid isothermal processing system was followed. Different processing cycles were studied with and without the UV source to investigate the effect of high energy photons during processing on the film properties. Preliminary characterization results indicate that the processed films exceed the established dielectric performance standards required for future generation tC manufacturing. An improvement in film properties was observed when the UV source was used during processing.
Regulation of L-Selectin–mediated Rolling through Receptor Dimerization (1998)

L-selectin binding activity for its ligand expressed by vascular endothelium is rapidly and transiently increased after leukocyte activation. To identify mechanisms for upregulation and assess how this influences leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions, cell-surface dimers of L-selectin were induced using the coumermycin-GyrB dimerization strategy for cross-linking L-selectin cytoplasmic domains in L-selectin cDNA-transfected lymphoblastoid cells. Coumermycin- induced L-selectin dimerization resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in binding of phosphomanan monoester core complex (PPME), a natural mimic of an L-selectin ligand, comparable to that observed after leukocyte activation. Moreover, L-selectin dimerization significantly increased (by approximately 700%) the number of lymphocytes rolling on vascular endothelium under a broad range of physiological shear stresses, and significantly slowed their rolling velocities. Therefore, L-selectin dimerization may explain the rapid increase in ligand binding activity that occurs after leukocyte activation and may directly influence leukocyte migration to peripheral lymphoid tissues or to sites of inflammation. Inducible oligomerization may also be a common mechanism for rapidly upregulating the adhesive or ligand-binding function of other cell-surface receptors.
Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections (2006)

Presumptive diagnosis may be made by a review of the peripheral blood smear after the onset of the cardiopulmonary phase. Critical care management includes the avoidance of fluid overload, pressors to maintain cardiac output, and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the most severe cases, but treatment with intravenous ribavirin is probably not effective.
Human Metapneumovirus Associated with Respiratory Tract Infections in a 3-Year Study of Nasal Swabs from Infants in Italy (2003)

The newly described human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is reported here to be more commonly associated with lower respiratory tract disease. The present study examined nasal swab specimens from 90 infants with acute respiratory tract infections in Pisa, Italy, over a period of three respiratory virus seasons. The incidence of infection varied in each of the 3 years, with the rates of positivity for hMPV being 7% in 2001 but 37 and 43% in 2000 and 2002, respectively. hMPV was noted to occur seasonally in a pattern typical of the frequency of occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus. More than one-half (14 of 23) of the infants infected with hMPV had bronchopneumonia. One-third (9 of 23) of the hMPV-infected patients were also infected with another respiratory virus, a relationship that has not previously been reported. Mixed infections did not account for a higher percentage of cases of bronchopneumonia than hMPV infection alone did. Furthermore, 7 of 17 infants whose plasma was also tested for hMPV RNA were demonstrated to have virus in both nasal swab and blood specimens. The study indicates that hMPV is seen as commonly as other respiratory viruses, may be associated with severe respiratory disease in infants, can establish mixed infections with other respiratory viruses, and has a seasonal occurrence.
Genomewide Association Analysis of Coronary Artery Disease (2007)

We identified several genetic loci that, individually and in aggregate, substantially affect the risk of development of coronary artery disease.
Stability of interfacial oxide layers during silicon wafer bonding (1989)

The stability of thin interfacial oxide layers between bonded silicon wafers is investigated experimentally and theoretically. For usual bonding temperatures around 1100 °C and typical times of a few hours, the oxygen diffusivity is not high enough to allow the oxide layer dissolution. For aligned wafers of the same orientation, the oxide layer instead tends to disintegrate in order to minimize the SiO2/Si interface energy. It is possible to stabilize a uniform interfacial oxide layer by rotationally misorienting the two wafers by an angle θ exceeding a critical angle, θ crit, estimated to be between 1° and 5°.
Increased Ectonucleotidase Expression and Activity in Regulatory T Cells of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (2009)

CD39(+) Treg frequency and adenosine-mediated suppression are significantly increased in HNSCC patients. The adenosinergic pathway is involved in Treg-mediated immunosuppression in cancer and its attenuation could be a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC.
Roles of regional, national and European policies in the development and catching up of Less Favoured Regions (2001)

Paper prepared for the Final Report of the CONVERGE project (TSER Programme SOE2-CT98-2047) by Emilio Muñoz, UPC, CSIC, Madrid, in collaboration with the CONVERGE team: Manuel Mira Godinho (CISEP, Lisbon), coordinator of the project; Jean-&#13;\nAlain Héraud (BETA, Strasbourg), R. Evangelista (CNR, Rome), J. Cogan and J. McDevitt (University College, Dublin) and A. Isaksen (STEP, Oslo)
Structure and Energetics of Biocompatible Polymer Nanocomposite Systems:  A Molecular Dynamics Study (2006)

Isothermal-isobaric (NPT) molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the structure, morphology, and energetics of polymer organoclay nanocomposites based on seven nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), two biocompatible polymers, and hydrotalcite as the clay mineral, both in an anhydrous and in a solvated environment. The results of our theoretical computations show that nanoconfined conformations of smaller NSAIDs are more affected by the presence of water molecules in the clay gallery with respect to their larger counterparts. Moreover, the presence of water in the mineral interlayer space decreases the interaction energy between the NSAID molecules and the clay, and this detrimental effect is further enhanced by the presence of polar moieties onto the NSAIDs. Finally, from the thermodynamics standpoint, the best intercalation results in a solvated environment could be obtained with PVA in the case of less polar drugs, while PHB could be the polymer of choice in the case of highly polar NSAIDs.
Chronic widespread pain (2015)

Recent studies have provided consistent evidence for a genetic influence on chronic widespread pain (CWP). The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the etiological structure underlying CWP by examining the covariation between CWP and psychological comorbidities and psychoaffective correlates and (2) the decomposition of the covariation into genetic and environmental components. A total of 3266 female twins (mean age 56.6 years) were subject to multivariate analyses. Using validated questionnaires to classify twins as having CWP, the prevalence of CWP was 20.8%. In the multivariate analysis, the most suitable model was the common pathway model. This model revealed 2 underlying latent variables, one common to anxiety, emotional intelligence, and emotional instability (f1) and the other common to depression and CWP (f2), the latter being highly heritable (86%). Both latent variables (f1 and f2) shared an additive genetic and a nonshared environmental factor. In addition, a second additive genetic factor loading only on f2 was found. This study reveals the structure of genetic and environmental influences of CWP and its psychoaffective correlates. The results show that the clustering of CWP and depression is due to a common, highly heritable, underlying latent trait. In addition, we found evidence that CWP, anxiety, emotional instability, and emotional intelligence are influenced by different underlying latent traits sharing the same genetic and nonshared environmental factors. This is the first study to reveal the structure and relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on complex etiological mechanisms of CWP and its correlates.
Diffuse Mesothelin Expression Correlates with Prolonged Patient Survival in Ovarian Serous Carcinoma (2006)

Our results provided new evidence that mesothelin expression is associated with prolonged survival in patients with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.
Micro‐anatomy of the renal sympathetic nervous system: A human postmortem histologic study (2011)

Hypertension remains an epidemic uncontrolled with pharmacologic therapies. A novel catheter inserted into the renal artery has been shown to lower blood pressure by ablating the renal sympathetic nerves with radiofrequency energy delivered through the arterial wall. We report a histologic study describing the anatomic substrate for this technique, specifically the renal sympathetic nervous system. Histological sections from proximal, middle, and distal renal artery segments from nine renal arteries (five human autopsies) were analyzed. Nerves were manually counted and their distance from the lumen-intima interface was measured using a micrometer. The nerves were then categorized by location into 0.5-mm-wide "rings" that were arranged circumferentially around the renal artery lumen. Of all nerves detected, 1.0% was in the 0-0.5 mm ring, 48.3% were in the 0.5-1.0 mm ring, 25.6% were in the 1.0-1.5 mm ring, 15.5% were in the 1.5-2.0 mm ring, and 9.5% were in the 2.0-2.5 mm ring. Beyond 0.5 mm, the proportion of nerves tended to decrease as the distance from the lumen increased. Totally, 90.5% of all nerves in this study existed within 2.0 mm of the renal artery lumen. Additionally, the number of nerves tended to increase along the length of the artery from proximal to distal segments (proximal = 216; middle = 323; distal = 417). In conclusion, our analysis indicates that a great proportion of renal sympathetic nerves have close proximity to the lumen-intima interface and should thus be accessible via renal artery interventional approaches such as catheter ablation. This data provides important anatomic information for the development of ablation and other type devices for renal sympathetic denervation.
Super-resolution enhancement of native digital video versus digitized NTSC sequences (2003)

As video surveillance systems migrate from analog to digital, law enforcement agencies are entering a new era of forensic image analysis in which storage and enhancement can be performed exclusively on a computer. With a fixed compression ratio of 5:1, native digital video (DV) is far from perfect. However, it is inevitable that networks of DV surveillance cameras will soon be utilized in corporations, government facilities, and airports throughout the world. The keys to expediting this conversion include convincing the law enforcement community that the DV format is indeed acceptable as a replacement for analog NTSC video captured within closed circuit television systems, and that, in the future, enhanced forensic digital video will be admissible as evidence in most courts of law. Empirical results are presented, in which super-resolution video enhancement is applied to similar DV and digitized NTSC fields in order to compare the high-resolution video stills that result from multi-field integration and upsampling. Visually, it is shown that native DV has excellent quality compared to digitized NTSC video, and that super-resolution enhancement can indeed be useful for extracting additional information from either format.
Toward a 3D video format for auto-stereoscopic displays (2008)

There has been increased momentum recently in the production of 3D content for cinema applications; for the most part, this has been limited to stereo content. There are also a variety of display technologies on the market that support 3DTV, each offering a different viewing experience and having different input requirements. More specifically, stereoscopic displays support stereo content and require glasses, while auto-stereoscopic displays avoid the need for glasses by rendering view-dependent stereo pairs for a multitude of viewing angles. To realize high quality auto-stereoscopic displays, multiple views of the video must either be provided as input to the display, or these views must be created locally at the display. The former approach has difficulties in that the production environment is typically limited to stereo, and transmission bandwidth for a large number of views is not likely to be available. This paper discusses an emerging 3D data format that enables the latter approach to be realized. A new framework for efficiently representing a 3D scene and enabling the reconstruction of an arbitrarily large number of views prior to rendering is introduced. Several design challenges are also highlighted through experimental results.
Use and limitations of serum total and lipid-bound sialic acid concentrations as markers for colorectal cancer (1985)

Concentrations of total serum N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) by resorcinol procedure were evaluated and compared to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as markers for colorectal carcinoma. Elevated concentrations of NANA were found in 32% of patients with nonmalignant disorders, 28% of patients with localized cancer, and 87% of patients with metastatic cancer. All three markers correlated with the extent of metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Strong correlation was found between NANA and LSA measurements, whereas measurement of the sialic acid markers provide information that can not be derived from the measurement of CEA. NANA and LSA show promise as supplemental markers for staging and monitoring colorectal cancer, but they are neither sensitive nor specific enough for cancer screening.
Structural insights into the antigenicity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (2003)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. The immunopathogenesis of demyelination in multiple sclerosis involves an autoantibody response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a type I transmembrane protein located at the surface of CNS myelin. Here we present the crystal structures of the extracellular domain of MOG (MOGIgd) at 1.45-A resolution and the complex of MOGIgd with the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of the MOG-specific demyelinating monoclonal antibody 8-18C5 at 3.0-A resolution. MOGIgd adopts an IgV like fold with the A'GFCC'C" sheet harboring a cavity similar to the one used by the costimulatory molecule B7-2 to bind its ligand CTLA4. The antibody 8-18C5 binds to three loops located at the membrane-distal side of MOG with a surprisingly dominant contribution made by MOG residues 101-108 containing a strained loop that forms the upper edge of the putative ligand binding site. The sequence R101DHSYQEE108 is unique for MOG, whereas large parts of the remaining sequence are conserved in potentially tolerogenic MOG homologues expressed outside the immuno-privileged environment of the CNS. Strikingly, the only sequence identical to DHSYQEE was found in a Chlamydia trachomatis protein of unknown function, raising the possibility that Chlamydia infections may play a role in the MOG-specific autoimmune response in man. Our data provide the structural basis for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the pathogenic autoantibody response to MOG.