gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The primary antibody response of malaria patients to Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage antigens which are potential transmission blocking vaccine candidates (1990)

Thirty serum samples collected from adult patients attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, with P. falciparum malaria, were studied. Sera were screened by indirect immunofluorescence for anti-gametocyte antibodies. Twelve of the serum samples taken from 14 patients with primary infections were found to have both IgM and IgG antibodies to gametocyte antigens and total Ig titres comparable with those of patients who had had previous malaria attacks. Sera of individuals from hyperendemic areas have been found to immunoprecipitate the 230 and 48/45 kD gametocyte surface antigens which are known targets of transmission blocking antibodies. To investigate the epitope specificity of the serum samples from our adult patients, competitive ELISAs with 3 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that block transmission and recognize different epitopes on the 48/45 Kd antigen, were carried out. Specific antibodies for these epitopes were found in 60% of the sera while nearly a third were able to inhibit the binding of at least two MAbs.
The Evolution of Host Specialization in the Vertebrate Gut Symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri (2011)

Recent research has provided mechanistic insight into the important contributions of the gut microbiota to vertebrate biology, but questions remain about the evolutionary processes that have shaped this symbiosis. In the present study, we showed in experiments with gnotobiotic mice that the evolution of Lactobacillus reuteri with rodents resulted in the emergence of host specialization. To identify genomic events marking adaptations to the murine host, we compared the genome of the rodent isolate L. reuteri 100-23 with that of the human isolate L. reuteri F275, and we identified hundreds of genes that were specific to each strain. In order to differentiate true host-specific genome content from strain-level differences, comparative genome hybridizations were performed to query 57 L. reuteri strains originating from six different vertebrate hosts in combination with genome sequence comparisons of nine strains encompassing five phylogenetic lineages of the species. This approach revealed that rodent strains, although showing a high degree of genomic plasticity, possessed a specific genome inventory that was rare or absent in strains from other vertebrate hosts. The distinct genome content of L. reuteri lineages reflected the niche characteristics in the gastrointestinal tracts of their respective hosts, and inactivation of seven out of eight representative rodent-specific genes in L. reuteri 100-23 resulted in impaired ecological performance in the gut of mice. The comparative genomic analyses suggested fundamentally different trends of genome evolution in rodent and human L. reuteri populations, with the former possessing a large and adaptable pan-genome while the latter being subjected to a process of reductive evolution. In conclusion, this study provided experimental evidence and a molecular basis for the evolution of host specificity in a vertebrate gut symbiont, and it identified genomic events that have shaped this process.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms Associated with Water Use Efficiency in Tomato (1989)

Improvement of crop water use efficiency (WUE) has not been successful because evaluation for this component of drought resistance is unreliable in field-grown plants. The composition of stable isotopes of plant carbon (delta(13)C) was earlier shown to be an excellent indicator of WUE in tomato and other species. It is now reported that delta(13)C can be satisfactorily predicted from three restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which are genetic markers for discrete DNA sequences within the genome. An additive type of gene action was observed for all three RFLP markers, and for one of them there also was a significant nonadditive component. Combining the delta(13)C and RFLP technologies may aid in identifying genes associated with WUE and in studying mechanisms contributing to WUE. These technologies will also be useful for crop improvement.
Impact of Tumour Volume on the Potential Efficacy of Therapeutic Vaccines (2011)

With the recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of the first therapeutic vaccine for cancer, the long-awaited goal of harnessing a patient's immune system to attack cancer through this modality is finally realized. However, as researchers in the field of cancer immunotherapy continue to perform randomized definitive studies, much remains to be learned about potential surrogate endpoints and appropriate patient populations for therapeutic vaccines. The present review addresses available data from clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents relevant to the selection of appropriate patient populations. We believe that the weight of evidence supports the use of immunotherapy earlier in the disease course and in patients with less aggressive disease, and that the relevant findings have important implications for the design of clinical trials with therapeutic vaccines.
An Extended Static and Dynamic Feedback–Feedforward Control Algorithm for Insulin Delivery in the Control of Blood Glucose Level (2015)

The potential for successful automatic control of blood glucose concentration (BGC) has entered a new era because of recent technological advancements in insulin pumps and blood glucose sensors. However, a critical advancement necessary for full automation and long-term use is a control algorithm that can effectively maintain tight control of BGC under extreme variation of important disturbances such as activity, stress, and food consumption. Because feedforward control (FFC) models disturbances directly, it has the potential to eliminate the effects of disturbances completely. A Wiener-type feedforward control law is limited to the inclusion of only input (i.e., modeled disturbances and the manipulated variable) dynamics. Using a semicoupled modeling network that includes pseudo-blood insulin concentration, this work presents a more phenomenological FFC law that includes input dynamics, blood insulin and blood glucose dynamics, and blood glucose levels. Modeling results on 15 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus for the proposed method are nearly identical to Wiener modeling results.
DNS NSAP Resource Records (1994)

The Internet is moving towards the deployment of an OSI lower layers infrastructure. This infrastructure comprises the connectionless network protocol (CLNP) and supporting routing protocols. Also required as part of this infrastructure is support in the Domain Name System (DNS) for mapping between names and NSAP addresses.
A new a-Si:H thin-film transistor pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (2003)

We propose a new pixel circuit using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs), composed of three switching and one driving TFT, for active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) with a voltage source method. The circuit simulation results based on the measured threshold voltage shift of a-Si:H TFTs by gate-bias stress indicate that this circuit compensates for the threshold voltage shifts over 10000 h of operation.
Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization (1991)

This article argues that strategy, like charity, begins at home. Specifically, economy is the best strategy. That is not to say that strategizing efforts to deter or defeat rivals with clever ploys and positioning are unimportant. In the long run, however, the best strategy is to organize and operate efficiently.
Analysis of visual quality improvements provided by known tools for HDR content (2016)

In this paper, the visual quality of different solutions for high dynamic range (HDR) compression using MPEG test contents is analyzed. We also simulate the method for an efficient HDR compression which is based on statistical property of the signal. The method is compliant with HEVC specification and also easily compatible with other alternative methods which might require HEVC specification changes. It was subjectively tested on commercial TVs and compared with alternative solutions for HDR coding. Subjective visual quality tests were performed using SUHD TVs model which is SAMSUNG JS9500 with maximum luminance up to 1000nit in test. The solution that is based on statistical property shows not only improvement of objective performance but improvement of visual quality compared to other HDR solutions, while it is compatible with HEVC specification.
A bacterial Argonaute with noncanonical guide RNA specificity (2016)

Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins induce gene silencing by small RNA-guided recognition and cleavage of mRNA targets. Although structural similarities between human and prokaryotic Argonautes are consistent with shared mechanistic properties, sequence and structure-based alignments suggested that Argonautes encoded within CRISPR-cas [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated] bacterial immunity operons have divergent activities. We show here that the CRISPR-associated Marinitoga piezophila Argonaute (MpAgo) protein cleaves single-stranded target sequences using 5'-hydroxylated guide RNAs rather than the 5'-phosphorylated guides used by all known Argonautes. The 2.0-Å resolution crystal structure of an MpAgo-RNA complex reveals a guide strand binding site comprising residues that block 5' phosphate interactions. Using structure-based sequence alignment, we were able to identify other putative MpAgo-like proteins, all of which are encoded within CRISPR-cas loci. Taken together, our data suggest the evolution of an Argonaute subclass with noncanonical specificity for a 5'-hydroxylated guide.
Thermodynamics of solution of homologous series of solutes in water (1984)

Values of ΔG⊖s(g → aq) and ΔG⊖s(liq → aq) at 298 K are documented for 14 homologous series of gaseous and liquid solutes, and corresponding enthalpies of solution listed for 7 homologous series. It is shown by a thermodynamic argument that only parameters for the process g → aq can be used to assess solute–water interactions and that the standard state of pure liquid solute includes a different solute–solute interaction term for each solute standard state. For most of the homologous series, parameters for the process g → aq are linear in the number of carbon atoms in the solute; from such linear equations, methylene and group contributions are obtained. It is shown that the methylene increments to ΔG⊖s(g → aq) and to ΔH⊖s(g → aq) are not constant but vary from one homologous series to another. In a few homologous series the methylene increment is not constant, the most outstanding examples being the alkan-1-ols and n-alkanes. Above dodecan-1-ol, ΔG⊖s(g → aq) becomes gradually more negative than expected, so that octadecan-1-ol is 16 times as soluble as calculated from results on the low alkan-1-ols. A similar, but much larger, effect is observed for the n-alkanes: n-octadecane is more soluble than expected by a factor of 5 × 103(the factor for n-hexatriacontane is 2 × 1018) and it is deduced that the n-alkane C51H104 will be as soluble in water as in the non-aqueous solvents ethanol and phenol.
PASM: A Partitionable SIMD/MIMD System for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (1981)

PASM, a large-scale multimicroprocessor system being designed at Purdue University for image processing and pattern recognition, is described. This system can be dynamically reconfigured to operate as one or more independent SIMD and/or MIMD machines. PASM consists of a parallel computation unit, which contains N processors, N memories, and an interconnection network; Q microcontrollers, each of which controls N/Q processors; N/Q parallel secondary storage devices; a distributed memory management system; and a system control unit, to coordinate the other system components. Possible values for N and Q are 1024 and 16, respectively. The control schemes and memory management in PASM are explored. Examples of how PASM can be used to perform image processing tasks are given.
Defining the Regulated Secreted Proteome of Rodent Adipocytes upon the Induction of Insulin Resistance (2008)

Insulin resistance defines the metabolic syndrome and precedes, as well is the hallmark of, type II diabetes. Adipocytes, besides being a major site for energy storage, are endocrine in nature and secrete a variety of proteins, adipocytokines (adipokines), that can modulate insulin sensitivity, inflammation, obesity, hypertension, food intake (anorexigenic and orexigenic), and general energy homeostasis. Recent data demonstrates that increased intracellular glycosylation of proteins via O-GlcNAc can induce insulin resistance and that a rodent model with genetically elevated O-GlcNAc levels in muscle and fat displays hyperleptinemia. The link between O-GlcNAc levels, insulin resistance, and adipocytokine secretion is further explored here. First, with the use of immortalized and primary rodent adipocytes, the secreted proteome of differentiated adipocytes is more fully elucidated by the identification of 97 and 203 secreted proteins, respectively. Mapping of more than 80 N-linked glycosylation sites on adipocytokines from the cell lines further defines this proteome. Importantly, adipocytokines that are modulated when cells are shifted from insulin responsive to insulin resistant conditions are determined. By the use of two protocols for inducing insulin resistance, classical hyperglycemia with chronic insulin exposure and pharmacological elevation of O-GlcNAc levels, several proteins are identified that are regulated in a similar fashion under both conditions including HCNP, Quiescin Q6, Angiotensin, lipoprotein lipase, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and slit homologue 3. Detection of these potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and the resulting complications of both diseases further establishes the central role of the O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
Metabolism of nepetalactone and related compounds in Nepeta cataria L. and components of its bound essential oil. (1984)

*Supported in part by Research Grants GM-08624 from the National Institutes of Health and GB-20926 from the National Science Foundation +Journal Article No. J-1751 of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 **To whom correspondence should be sent ++Present address: Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 64:49-56 (1984) METABOLISM OF NEPETALACTONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN NEPETA CATARIA L. AND COMPONENTS OF ITS BOUND ESSENTIAL OIL*
Drug—Cyclodextrin Complexation in the Presence of Water-Soluble Polymers: Enhanced Solubility and Percutaneous Transport (1999)

For variety of reasons, including production capabilities, toxicology and cost, the amount of cyclodextrin that can be used in drug and cosmetic formulations will be limited. In order to use less cyclodextrin the complexation efficacy (Kc[So] or [D·CD]/[CD]) must be increased. We have shown that the complexation efficacy of various lipophilic drugs can be significantly increased by heating cyclodextrin drug solution up to 120-130 °C for 20-40 minutes in the presence of small amount of water soluble polymers. At least 30% enhancement in complexation efficacy is common and in some cases over 200% increase is observed. Phase-solubility studies revealed that this was due to an apparent increase in the complexation stability constant (Kc). The percutaneous transport through hairless mouse skin in-vitro from drug-cyclodextrin solutions was increased up to 200% by addition polymer and in-vivo studies showed that the bioavailability of for example dexamethasone from eye-drop solutions could be increased about four fold. Formulation of drugs with cyclodextrins and polymers can thus enhance the attractive properties of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical excipients
Proteomic Analysis of Apical Microvillous Membranes of Syncytiotrophoblast Cells Reveals A High Degree of Similarity with Lipid Rafts (2005)

Brush borders (microvilli) are cell membrane specialized structures that function mainly as high-throughput absortive/secretory areas. It has been well-established that brush borders are particularly rich in membrane lipids characteristic to lipid rafts. Here, we report 57 proteins identified from microvillous membranes (MVM) isolated from human syncytiotrophoblast cells using an experimental method that avoids the use of nonionic detergents. About 60% of the proteins reported here have been described previously as lipid-raft specific. Well-known lipid raft-markers such as Annexin A2 and alkaline phosphatase were identified. Cytoskeleton structural constituents and proteins related with the control and modulation of the cytoskeletal architecture as well as the regulation of the interaction of cytoskeletal constituents with the cell membrane and particularly with lipid raft domains were found (Ezrin, IQGAP1 and 2, EBP50). Other proteins identified include signal transduction molecules, such as Ras-related protein Rab-1B and Rab-7, and ADP-ribosylation factor 1. Several proteins harbor putative post-translational modifications that favor its localization in the lipid-raft environment, such as GPI (alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase) and myristoylation (BASP1 and MARCKS). On the whole, this extensive description demonstrates from the protein composition point of view that brush border membranes are indeed highly enriched in lipid raft microdomains.
Electrospun Blends of Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2005)

Engineering functional three-dimensional (3-D) tissue constructs for the replacement and/or repair of damaged native tissues using cells and scaffolds is one of the ultimate goals of tissue engineering. In this study, non-woven fibrous scaffolds were electrospun from the synthetic biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and natural proteins, gelatin (denatured collagen) and elastin. In the absence of cross-linking agent, the average PGE fiber diameter increased from 347 +/- 103 nm to 999 +/- 123 nm upon wetting as measured by scanning electron microscopy. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSC) were used paradigmatically to study the 3-D cell culture properties of PGE scaffolds. Consistent with the observed properties of the individual fibers, PGE scaffolds initially swelled in aqueous culture medium, however rBMSC seeded PGE scaffolds contracted to less than 50% of original size. Time course histological analysis demonstrated uniform seeding of rBMSC into PGE scaffolds and complete cell penetration into the fibrous architecture over 4 weeks of in vitro culture.
Growing large, well‐oriented colloidal crystals (1997)

The ability to manipulate colloidal crystallization is a challenging task, a consequence of teh size and Brownian motion of the colloid particles. As a direct result, temperature is not a suitable experimental parameter, even though it is important for tuning molecular crystal growth. Large single colloidal crystals with well‐defined crystal orientations can, however, be grown through combined use of a polymer template and gravity. This and other methods that have been employed in an attempt to control colloid crystal growth, such as use of external fields, are described.
Comparative genomic hybridization detects frequent overrepresentation of chromosomal material from 3q26, 8q24, and 20q13 in human ovarian carcinomas (1997)

We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify recurrent chromosomal imbalances in tumor DNA from 25 malignant ovarian carcinomas and two ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP). Many of the carcinoma specimens displayed numerous imbalances. The most common sites of copy number increases, in order of frequency, were 8q24.1, 20q13.2-qter, 3q26.3-qter, 1q32, 20p, 9p21-pter, and 12p. DNA amplification was identified in 12 carcinomas (48%). The most frequent sites of amplification were 8q24.1-24.2, 3q26.3, and 20q13.2-qter. Other recurrent sites of amplification included 7q36, 17q25, and 19q13.1-13.2. The most frequent sites of copy number decreases were 5q21, 9q, 17p, 17q12-21, 4q26-31, 16q, and 22q. Underrepresentation of 17p was observed in six of 16 stage III/IV tumors, but in none of seven stage I/II tumors, suggesting that this change may be a late event associated with the transition of ovarian carcinomas to a more metastatic disease. Overrepresentation of 3q26.3-qter, 5p14-pter, 8q24.1, 9p21-pter, 20p, and 20q13.2-qter and underrepresentation of 4q26-31 and 17q12-21 also tended to be more common in advanced-stage tumors. All ten grade 3 tumors had copy number increases involving 8q24.1, compared to only three of nine grade 2 tumors. Overrepresentation of 3q26.3-qter and 20q13.2-qter was also observed at a higher frequency in high-grade tumors. One of the two LMP tumors displayed chromosomal alterations, which consisted of overrepresentation of 5p and 9p only. Taken collectively, these findings and data from other CGH studies of ovarian cancers define a set of small chromosome segments that are consistently over- or underrepresented and, thus, highlight sites of putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of these highly malignant neoplasms.
Survivin--a universal tumor antigen. (2002)

Tumor-associated antigens recognized by cellular effectors of the immune system are potential targets for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. These antigens are classified as tissue (melanocyte)-specific proteins, cancer-testis antigens (proteins expressed in normal testis and various cancers), tumor-specific peptides derived from mutations in tumor cells, and others. Clinical studies with peptides and proteins derived from these antigens have been initiated to study the efficacy of inducing specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses in vivo. However, most of the peptide epitopes used in these vaccination trials are melanocyte-specific, and these peptides cannot be applied for tumors of non-melanocyte origin. Furthermore, the expression of most tumor antigens is heterogeneous among tumors from different patients and can even vary among metastases obtained from one patient. Immune selection of antigen loss variants may prove to be an additional obstacle for the clinical applicability of most of the known CTL epitopes. Recently, a new tumor antigen, survivin, has been identified on the basis of spontaneous CTL responses in different cancer patients. Survivin is expressed in most human neoplasms, but not in normal, differentiated tissues. Importantly, downregulation or loss of survivin would severely inflict the growth potential of the tumor cell. Since survivin is expressed by a variety of different tumors MHC-restricted survivin epitopes may serve as important and widely applicable targets for anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF PORTLAND AND POZZOLANIC CEMENTS (2003)

Puzolanlar, bazı özelliklerini geliştirmek ve üretilen çimentonun maliyetini düşürmek için kullanılmıştır. Birçok araştırmacı doğal veya yapay puzolanlar ile üretilen puzolanik çimentoları araştırmıştır. Günümüzde puzolan içeren çimentolar üzerinde yapılan birçok araştırmada puzolan tipinin, miktarının ve inceliğin etkisi incelenirken, bu çalışmada klinker komposizyonunun puzolanik çimento üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu nedenle, farklı kimyasal kompozisyonlara sahip beş adet klinker ve bir adet doğal puzolan seçilmiştir. Klinkerler, 3000, 3500, ve 4000 cm2/g inceliğe kadar birbirlerinden ayrı olarak öğütüldükten sonra, %20, %30, ve %40 oranlarında doğal puzolanın katılmasıyla portland-puzolan çimentoları oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, puzolan içermeyen kontrol çimentolarıda dahil olmak üzere altmış çeşit çimento elde edilmiştir
Temporal Analysis and Change Detection via Geospatial-Temporal Semantic Graphs. (2014)

Abstract not provided.