gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimates of aneuploidy using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization on human sperm (1994)

Single color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been utilized on sperm to estimate nondisjunction rates for chromosomes 1, 12, 15, 16, X and Y. Using single-color FISH, one cannot distinguish nonhybridization from nullisomy nor disomy from diploidy. In order to provide an internal control, a multicolor FISH strategy was employed. Satellite probes specific for 13 human chromosomes were used on multiple semen samples from two normal donors. Two or three probes were hybridized simultaneously and scored by two independent observers. Over all experiments, 40,641 sperm were analyzed. The majority of autosomes had no significant difference in aneuploidy between chromosomes or between donors. However, a significant difference was observed for chromosome 18 between donors (chi 2(2) = 7.078, 0.025 < P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was found between donors for sex chromosome aneuploidy. The frequency of sex chromosome aneuploidy was similar to that seen in paternally derived 47,XXY and 47,XYY conceptuses. Furthermore, 0.15% of sperm were found to be diploid. Based on the results of this study, as much as 19% of all sperm may be chromosomally abnormal. This method proved to be useful for determining aneuploidy of human chromosomes in sperm and valuable in exploring whether individual differences of nondisjunction exist.
Interferon induces a 15-kilodalton protein exhibiting marked homology to ubiquitin. (1987)

Immunochemical methods were used to examine the effect of viral infection on the dynamics of intracellular ubiquitin pools. Infection of either the human lung carcinoma line A-549 or the mouse fibroblast line L929 with encephalomyocarditis virus had little effect on either the distribution or fractional level of intracellular ubiquitin conjugates. In contrast, viral infection resulted in a significant decline in the steady state content of the mono-ubiquitin conjugate to histone 2A (uH2A). Prior treatment with interferons protected against this decrease of uH2A. Furthermore, interferons induced the de novo synthesis of a 15-kDa protein immunologically related to ubiquitin. The ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP) was not constitutively present in control cells but was significantly induced in various cells sensitive to the biological effects of interferons. Induction of UCRP with respect to both time and interferon concentration dependence closely paralleled the appearance of resistance to viral infection and could be blocked by low levels of actinomycin D. Subsequent studies demonstrated that UCRP was identical to an interferon-induced 15-kDa protein whose sequence has recently been reported (Blomstrom, D. C., Fahey, D., Kutny, R., Korant, B. D., and Knight, E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8811-8816). An authentic sample of the 15-kDa protein was found to co-migrate with UCRP and to cross-react with two different anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Using the authentic 15-kDa protein as a standard, UCRP accumulated to 6.2 +/- 0.5 pmol/10(6) cells and 34 +/- 2 pmol/10(6) cells in interferon-treated A-549 and L929 cultures, respectively. Comparison of the primary sequence of the 15-kDa protein to that of ubiquitin indicated that the former is composed of two domains, each of which bears striking homology to ubiquitin. These observations suggest that the 15-kDa protein may represent one example of a functionally distinct family of ubiquitin-like proteins.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity in T Cells Regulates the Magnitude of the Germinal Center Reaction (2010)

The generation of high-affinity Abs is essential for immunity and requires collaboration between B and T cells within germinal centers (GCs). By using novel mouse models with a conditional deletion of the p110δ catalytic subunit of the PI3K pathway, we established that p110δ is required in T cells, but not in B cells, for the GC reaction. We found the formation of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells to be critically dependent on p110δ in T cells. Furthermore, by deleting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, which opposes p110δ in activated T cells, we found a positive correlation between increased numbers of T(FH) cells and GC B cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that T cell help is the limiting factor in the GC reaction. P110δ was not required for the expression of B cell lymphoma 6, the downregulation of CCR7, or T cell entry into primary follicles. Instead, p110δ was the critical catalytic subunit for ICOS downstream signaling and the production of key T(FH) cytokines and effector molecules. Our findings support a model in which the magnitude of the GC reaction is controlled by the activity of the PI3K pathway in T(FH) cells.
Increased Plasma Leptin Levels Are Associated With Fat Accumulation in Japanese Americans (1998)

Although the hormone leptin seems to play a role in ensuring the maintenance of adequate energy stores and thereby protects against starvation, its role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity under normal circumstances is unclear. Overweight individuals have markedly elevated circulating leptin levels, suggesting that leptin's effect on food intake and thermogenesis is diminished or absent in obesity. Recent evidence, though, indicates that weight gain in Pima Indians is associated with relatively decreased levels of the hormone. Because it is important to understand whether a deficiency in circulating leptin contributes to the development of obesity, we sought to determine whether there is a relationship between leptin levels and subsequent changes in adiposity in a more typical population. We compared baseline plasma leptin concentrations to changes over 5 years in body weight, BMI, and computed tomography-determined total fat in 492 second- and third-generation Japanese Americans. Subjects were of 100% Japanese ancestry; male subjects had a mean BMI at baseline of 25.4 kg/m2 and a mean age of 54 years; female subjects had a mean BMI of 23.1 kg/m2 and a mean age of 53 years. Changes in weight (men: r = 0.17, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.20, P < 0.05), BMI (men: r = 0.17, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.18, P < 0.05), and total fat (men: r = 0.19, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.20, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with baseline leptin levels adjusted for baseline adiposity, fasting insulin, and age. In Japanese Americans, then, relatively increased leptin levels are associated with greater subsequent gains in weight and adiposity. We concluded that in this population, fat accumulation is associated not with leptin deficiency but possibly with leptin resistance and is preceded by increased leptin levels.
Use of synthetic peptides to identify an N-terminal epitope on mouse gamma interferon that may be involved in function. (1988)

We previously have assigned N-terminal specificity to three hamster monoclonal antibodies (mAbs I, II, and III) produced to mouse recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), based on the ability of the N-terminal peptide IFN-gamma-(1-39) to block binding of 125I-labeled IFN-gamma (125I-IFN-gamma) and on the ability of these antibodies to bind 125I-IFN-gamma-(1-39). Only mAb I blocked function and binding to the IFN-gamma receptor, suggesting that it may bind to a region of the molecule involved in interaction with the receptor. To further define the epitope specificities of the antibodies, a series of N-terminal peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to block antibody binding of 125I-IFN-gamma. Peptides IFN-gamma-(1-39), IFN-gamma-(1-20), IFN-gamma-(3-20), and IFN-gamma-(5-20) inhibited binding of 125I-IFN-gamma by mAb I in order of decreasing effectiveness, while peptide IFN-gamma-(7-20) was without effect. Peptides IFN-gamma-(1-39), IFN-gamma-(1-20), and IFN-gamma-(3-20) also inhibited binding of 125I-IFN-gamma by mAb II but were less effective when compared with their inhibition of mAb I. IFN-gamma-(5-20) and IFN-gamma-(7-20) did not inhibit binding by mAb II. Peptides IFN-gamma-(1-10), IFN-gamma-(10-30), and IFN-gamma-(21-44) did not inhibit either mAb I or mAb II. While IFN-gamma-(1-39) and IFN-gamma-(10-30) inhibited binding by mAb III, neither IFN-gamma-(1-20) nor any of its truncated forms were inhibitory. All three antibodies had similar Kd values for 125I-IFN-gamma. A prediction of the secondary structure of the molecule and the peptide inhibition data suggest that the epitope (possible receptor binding region) for mAb I involves a loop in the area containing residues 12-20, with sequences N-terminal to these residues possibly stabilizing the loop conformation. Direct evidence that the N-terminal 1-39 region of IFN-gamma is important in receptor binding was the observation that IFN-gamma-(1-39), but not the C-terminal IFN-gamma-(95-133), competed with 125I-IFN-gamma for the receptor on mouse L cells. IFN-gamma-(1-39) also specifically blocked IFN-gamma antiviral activity at concentrations that blocked binding to the receptor.The fact that IFN-gamma-(1-39) was the only peptide that blocked both IFN-gamma binding to receptor and function is consistent with the antibody competition data, where it was the most effective peptide in blocking binding of 125I-IFN-gamma by the N-terminal-specific mAbs. The combination of peptide mapping of epitope specificities and receptor competition should further help define the structural basis for IFN-gamma action.
[Isolation, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray study of a Fab fragment of monoclonal antibody against human interleukin-2 and its complex with antigenic peptide]. (1999)

Antigen-binding fragments (Fab) of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human interleukin-2 were obtained in preparative quantities by a modified procedure. These Fab-fragments were shown to be homogeneous according to the isoelectric focusing method. Various monocrystals of these free Fab-fragments and their complexes with the antigenic peptide corresponding to the 59-72 sequence of interleukin-2 were obtained. These were shown to be suitable for X-ray and were preliminarily studied by X-ray.
ASN.1 Complete (1999)

Contents Foreword Introduction SECTION I - ASN.1 OVERVIEW Chapter 1 Specification of protocols Chapter 2 Introduction to ASN.1 Chapter 3 Structuring an ASN.1 specification Chapter 4 The basic data types and construction mechanisms - closure Chapter 5 Reference to more complex areas Chapter 6 Using an ASN.1 compiler Chapter 7 Management and design issues for ASN.1 specification and implementation SECTION II - FURTHER DETAILS Chapter 1 The object identifier type Chapter 2 The character string types Chapter 3 Subtyping Chapter 4 Tagging Chapter 5 Extensibility, Exceptions, and Version Brackets Chapter 6 Information Object Classes, Constraints, and Parameterization Chapter 7 More on classes, constraints, and parameterization SECTION III - ENCODINGS Chapter 1 Introduction to encoding rules Chapter 2 The Basic Encoding Rules Chapter 3 The Packed Encoding Rules Chapter 4 Other ASN.1-related encoding rules SECTION IV - HISTORY AND APPLICATIONS Chapter 1 The development of ASN.1 Chapter 2 Applications of ASN.1 APPENDICES 1 The Wineco protocol scenario 2 The full protocol for Wineco 3 Compiler output for C support for the Wineco protocol 4 Compiler output for Java support for the Wineco protocol 5 ASN.1 resources via the Web INDEX
Distance measurements by combined method based on a femtosecond pulse laser (2008)

We describe a combined interferometric scheme that enables absolute distance measurements using a femtosecond pulse laser. This method is combined with synthetic wavelength interferometry (SWI), time of flight (TOF) and spectrally-resolved interferometry (SRI) using the optical comb of femtosecond laser. Each technique provides distinct measuring resolutions and ambiguity ranges which are complementary to each other. These separate measurement principles are incorporated and implemented simultaneously and the unified output can enhance the dynamic range of the measuring system. Our experimental results demonstrate an example of absolute distance measurement with the proposed technique and we discuss the possibility of the combined method to measure long distances and the important factors for the implementation.
Abstract 351: In-vivo Stem Cell Tracking Using Ultrasound Imaging (2009)

Background: Exogenous delivery of reparative cells is a promising new approach to treating cardiovascular disease. Clinical application of cell therapies is limited by a lack of imaging methods for...
Multiple-wavelength operation of a laser-diode array coupled to an external cavity (1993)

We report a novel geometry for coupling a laser-diode array to an external cavity that produces a diffractively stabilized lasing wavelength separation between elements of the array. The geometry allows for control of the wavelengths and wavelength spacing and provides single-knob tuning of all the wavelengths while maintaining a nearly constant wavelength offset.
Autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses following initial seroconversion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals (1997)

In the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, patients develop a strong and persistent immune response characterized by the production of HIV-specific antibodies. The aim of our study was to analyze the appearance of autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibodies in the sera of HIV-infected individuals. For this purpose, primary strains have been isolated from 18 HIV-1-infected subjects prior to seroconversion (in one case) or within 1 to 8 months after seroconversion. Sera, collected at the same time as the virus was isolated and at various times after isolation, have been analyzed for their ability to neutralize the autologous primary strains isolated early after infection, heterologous primary isolates, and cell-line adapted strains. Our neutralization assay, which combines serial dilutions of virus and serial dilutions of sera, is based on the determination of the serum dilution at which a fixed reduction in virus titer (90%) occurs. We have shown that (i) we could not detect autologous neutralizing antibodies in sera collected at the same time as we isolated viruses; (ii) we detected neutralizing antibodies against the autologous strains about 1 year after seroconversion, occasionally after 8 months, but sera were not always available to exclude the presence of neutralizing antibodies at earlier times; (iii) after 1 year, the neutralization response was highly specific to virus present during the early phase of HIV infection; and (iv) heterologous neutralization of primary isolates was detected later (after about 2 years). These results reveal the enormous diversity of neutralization determinants on primary isolates as well as a temporal evolution of the humoral response generating cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
Archaeology and Cumorah Questions (2004)

The archaeology of New York—and specifically the Hill Cumorah—is persuasive evidence that Book of Mormon peoples did not live in that region. By implication, the Cumorah of the golden plates is not the Cumorah of the final battles—Mormon’s hill and Moroni’s hill are not one and the same. These conclusions follow from a few basic points and assumptions that the author explores in this article.
Adrenal Medulla Grafts Enhance Recovery of Striatal Dopaminergic Fibers (1987)

The drug, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), depletes striatal dopamine levels in primates and certain rodents, including mice, and produces parkinsonian-like symptoms in humans and nonhuman primates. To investigate the consequences of grafting adrenal medullary tissue into the brain of a rodent model of Parkinson's disease, a piece of adult mouse adrenal medulla was grafted unilaterally into mouse striatum 1 week after MPTP treatment. This MPTP treatment resulted in the virtual disappearance of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and severely depleted striatal dopamine levels. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after grafting, dense tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the grafted striatum, while only sparse fibers were seen in the contralateral striatum. In all cases, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers appeared to be from the host rather than from the grafts, which survived poorly. These observations suggest that, in mice, adrenal medullary grafts exert a neurotrophic action in the host brain to enhance recovery of dopaminergic neurons. This effect may be relevant to the symptomatic recovery in Parkinson's disease patients who have received adrenal medullary grafts.
Paroxetine efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (1997)

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in alternatives to the benzodiazepines for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of paroxetine vs. imipramine and 2'-chlordesmethyldiazepam in 81 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of GAD. Approximately two-thirds of the patients who completed the study improved greatly or moderately on all three active drugs. During the first 2 weeks of treatment, 2'-chlordesmethyldiazepam treatment resulted in the greatest improvement in anxiety ratings. Both paroxetine and imipramine treatment resulted in more improvement than 2'-chlordesmethyldiazepam by the fourth week of treatment. Paroxetine and imipramine affect predominantly psychic symptoms, whereas 2'-chlordesmethyldiazepam affects predominantly somatic symptoms. Our results suggest that paroxetine is effective for the treatment of GAD.
Ribozymes Move Closer To Applications For AIDS Therapy (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTRibozymes Move Closer To Applications For AIDS TherapyCatalytic RNA segments that can destroy other RNAs to he tested in humans as researchers probe their mechanismREBECCA RAWLSCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 5, 26Publication Date (Print):January 29, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 29 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n005.p026https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n005.p026newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics Get e-Alerts
Lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes induce continued cholesteryl ester accumulation in foam cells from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. (1993)

We studied the metabolism of lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes by macrophage-derived foam cells. Foam cells were isolated from atherosclerotic rabbit aortas. ApoB-lipoprotein-proteoglycan complex was isolated from human aorta fibrous plaque lesions and LDL-proteoglycan complex was formed in vitro. Both in vitro and in vivo complexes stimulated cholesteryl ester synthesis in foam cells by a dose-dependent, saturable process that resulted in the intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl ester. Stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis was linear with time over a 32-h period. Polyinosinic acid inhibited the stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis by the complexes by 32-37%, whereas cytochalasin D only produced a 6-16% inhibition. Foam cells degraded 125I-LDL-proteoglycan complex and 125I-acetyl LDL in a saturable, dose-dependent manner. Excess unlabeled acetyl-LDL inhibited the degradation of 125I-LDL-proteoglycan complex by 52%, while LDL had no effect. Similarly, excess unlabeled complex suppressed the degradation of 125I-acetyl-LDL by 48%. Foam cells degraded 125I-methyl-LDL-proteoglycan complex to the same extent as 125I-LDL-proteoglycan complex. These results show that foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions metabolize lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes predominantly via receptor-mediated endocytosis and consequently continue to accumulate intracellular cholesteryl ester.
Aberrant Expression of Novel and Previously Described Cell Membrane Markers in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tumors (2005)

We have confirmed the expression of three new membrane markers that had previously not been implicated in human breast cancer, and one of them (NET-6) was correlated with HER2 and estrogen receptor status. NET-6 levels were decreased in estrogen receptor-negative and high-grade tumors, and ectopic expression of this gene had an inhibitory effect on proliferation and invasion. Thus, NET-6 may represent a novel breast cancer suppressor gene.
Early mobilisation after percutaneous cardiac catheterisation using collagen plug (VasoSeal) haemostasis. (1993)

The bovine collagen haemostat is a relatively safe and effective device that allows far earlier patient mobilisation than conventional haemostasis after diagnostic and therapeutic interventions from a percutaneous femoral artery approach. These results have important implications for patients undergoing investigation in mobile x ray units or in hospital based day case units.
Lateral modulations in zero-net-strained GaInAsP multilayers grown by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy (1993)

Compressive GaInAsP multiple quantum wells (MQW) grown by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy present altered structural and optical characteristics when tensile GaInAsP barriers are used instead of lattice-matched ones. An alternate tensile/compressive GaInAsP MQW has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. A strong lateral modulation of thickness, strain, and probably chemical composition was shown. This modulation exhibits pronounced anisotropy, with a periodicity of about 50 nm along the [110] direction. Although its origin is not fully accounted for yet, it seems to allow partial elastic relaxation of tensile layers. Based on this analysis, a schematic description of distortion modulation is proposed.
Contamination‐Free High Temperature Treatment of Silicon or Other Materials (1983)

It has been shown that the contamination picked up during high temperature treatments of silicon stems from the diffusion of impurities from the outside of the quartz furnace tube and into the material being heat‐treated. This contamination can be prevented by placing the quartz tube into a protective atmosphere of in dry oxygen, i.e., by passing a dry mixture through the annulus of a double‐walled quartz tube. Silicon wafers oxidized in such a tube at 1000°C were found to be uncontaminated at the sensitivity afforded by neutron activation analysis. It is suggested that many transition group metals diffuse preferentially along incipient grain boundaries in vitreous quartz at high temperatures, the grain boundaries in turn stemming from the devitrifying action of sodium vapors in the furnace. The double‐wall tube arrangement thus not only prevents transition group metals from diffusing into and through the quartz of the inner wall, but also prevents sodium from initiating the devitrification process thus rendering the quartz more opaque to transition group metal diffusion.
Mitogenic effects of the proto-oncogene and oncogene forms of c-H-ras DNA in human diploid fibroblasts. (1986)

Nuclear microinjection of c-H-ras DNA induced DNA synthesis in reversibly nonproliferating quiescent human cells. The proto-oncogene and oncogene forms were equally effective inducers. In contrast, c-H-ras DNA either alone or in combination with the adenovirus E1A gene did not cause terminally nondividing senescent cells to synthesize DNA.