gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombin-induced events in non-platelet cells are mediated by the unique proteolytic mechanism established for the cloned platelet thrombin receptor. (1992)

We recently isolated a cDNA clone encoding a functional platelet thrombin receptor that defined a unique mechanism of receptor activation. Thrombin cleaves its receptor's extracellular amino terminal extension, unmasking a new amino terminus that functions as a tethered peptide ligand and activates the receptor. A novel peptide mimicking this new amino terminus was a full agonist for platelet secretion and aggregation, suggesting that this unusual mechanism accounts for platelet activation by thrombin. Does this mechanism also mediate thrombin's assorted actions on non-platelet cells? We now report that the novel thrombin receptor agonist peptide reproduces thrombin-induced events (specifically, phosphoinositide hydrolysis and mitogenesis) in CCL-39 hamster lung fibroblasts, a naturally thrombin-responsive cell line. Moreover, these thrombin-induced events could be recapitulated in CV-1 cells, normally poorly responsive to thrombin, after transfection with human platelet thrombin receptor cDNA. Our data show that important thrombin-induced cellular events are mediated by the same unusual mechanism of receptor activation in both platelets and fibroblasts, very likely via the same or very similar receptors.
Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates (1984)

A procedure is described for the measurement and characterisation of total non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas-liquid chromatography of individual sugars as alditol acetates. Starch, including that resistant to gelatinisation in boiling water, is dispersed with dimethyl sulphoxide and then hydrolysed with α-amylase and pullulanase. Starch-free material is hydrolysed with sulphuric acid and the released neutral sugars are measured as alditol acetates by using N-methylimidazole in order to catalyse the acetylation. Uronic acids are measured by a spectrophotometric method. The procedure is a modification of a more comprehensive method reported previously. It is relatively rapid and simple compared with gravimetric procedures, is applicable to a wide range of foodstuffs, can be carried out without special expertise in carbohydrate chemistry and is suitable for routine laboratory use.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibition in Cutaneous Wound Healing and Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity (1999)

Normal wounds can heal by secondary intention (epidermal migration to cover a denuded surface) or by approximation of the wound edges (e.g., suturing). In healing by secondary intention, epidermis-derived MMPs are important. Keratinocyte migration begins within 3-6 hr post injury, as basal cells detach from underlying basal lamina and encounter a dermal substratum rich in type I collagen. Cell contact with type I collagen in vitro stimulates collagenase-1 expression, which is mediated by the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, the major keratinocyte collagen-binding receptor. Collagenase-1 activity alone is necessary and sufficient for keratinocyte migration over a collagen subsurface. Stromelysins-1 and -2 are also found in the epidermis of normal acute wounds. Stromelysin-2 co-localizes with collagenase-1 and may facilitate cell migration over non-collagenous matrices of the dermis. In contrast, stromelysin-1 is expressed by keratinocytes behind the migrating front and which remain on basal lamina, i.e., the proliferative cell population. Studies with stromelysin-1-deficient mice that suggest this MMP plays a role in keratinocyte detachment from underlying basement membrane to initiate cell migration. In chronic ulcers, MMP levels are markedly elevated, in contrast to their precise temporal and spatial expression in acute wounds. Both collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 are found in fibroblasts underlying the nonhealing epithelium, and stromelysin-1 expression is especially prominent. Two key questions underlie the use of MMP inhibitors and wound healing: (1) will these agents impair normal reepithelialization in wounds that heal by secondary intention; and (2) can MMP inhibitors be effective therapy for chronic ulcers? The answer to neither is known. Batimastat and marimastat appear not to interfere with normal wound healing, but only in sutured surgical wounds, a situation in which MMP expression has practically no role. We also show the first example of an in vivo immune response, contact hypersensitivity, which is dependent upon MMP activity. Using gene-deficient mice, we demonstrate that stromylysin-1 (MMP-3) is required for sensitization, whereas gelatinase B (MMP-9) is required for timely resolution of the reaction to antigenic challenge.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. (1992)

There is considerable evidence implicating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This evidence is based not only on the universal presence of TNF-alpha in arthritic joints accompanied by the upregulation of TNF-alpha receptors but also on the effects of neutralizing TNF-alpha in joint cell cultures. Thus, neutralization of TNF-alpha in vitro results in inhibition of the production of interleukin 1, which like TNF-alpha, is believed to contribute to joint inflammation and erosion. To determine the validity of this concept in vivo, the effect of administering TNF-neutralizing antibodies to mice with collagen-induced arthritis has been studied. This disease model was chosen because of its many immunological and pathological similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis. TN3-19.12, a hamster IgG1 monoclonal antibody to murine TNF-alpha/beta, was injected i.p. into mice either before the onset of arthritis or after the establishment of clinical disease. Anti-TNF administered prior to disease onset significantly reduced paw swelling and histological severity of arthritis without reducing the incidence of arthritis or the level of circulating anti-type II collagen IgG. More relevant to human disease was the capacity of the antibody to reduce the clinical score, paw swelling, and the histological severity of disease even when injected after the onset of clinical arthritis. These results have implications for possible modes of therapy of human arthritis.
Vaccinia virus expressing bone morphogenetic protein-4 in novel glioblastoma orthotopic models facilitates enhanced tumor regression and long-term survival (2013)

Based on these findings we propose a novel VACV therapy for treating GBM, which would allow tumor specific production of drugs in the future in combination with BMPs which would simultaneously control tumor maintenance and facilitate CSC differentiation, respectively, thereby causing sustained tumor regression without recurrence.
Evaluation of Fasudil Hydrochloride Treatment for Wandering Symptoms in Cerebrovascular Dementia with 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Xe-Computed Tomography (1996)

This is the first report on the evaluation of treatment with fasudil hydrochloride, a novel intracellular calcium antagonist, for wandering symptoms in patients with cerebrovascular dementia by using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and Xe-computed tomography (CT). The subjects studied were two patients with cerebrovascular dementia who had had frequent wandering episodes. The clinical diagnosis was Binswanger-type cerebral infarction in patient 1 and sequelae of cerebral bleeding and multiple lacunar infarctions in patient 2. Treatment with fasudil at 30 or 60 mg/day was given orally for 8 weeks. The wandering symptoms disappeared in both patients during the treatment and reappeared a few days after discontinuation of the treatment. Mental tests indicated that memory was mildly improved during the treatment. Pretreatment 31P-MRS findings revealed decreases in relative signal intensities of phosphomonoester and phosphodiesters and an increase in that of mean adenosine triphosphates. After treatment, these findings disappeared. The regional cerebral blood flow values by Xe-CT in both patients did not show significant changes from before treatment to the values after treatment. These results suggest that the efficacy of fasudil for the wandering symptoms and mental function observed in our patients may have been related to a direct effect on intracellular energy metabolism.
IBM VoiceType software (1997)

The release of Version 3.0 of VoiceType Dictation for both the Windows 95 and OS/2 Warp V4.0 platforms brings speech recognition software to a new level of accuracy. Laboratory tests conducted by IBM apparently suggest that 83% of the population can achieve a recognition accuracy of 90% straight out of the box. Optional enrolment (dictating a minimum of 50 designated sentences) raises the initial accuracy even further. There are further enhancements to these programs, such as the ability to save the text of a dictated document together with the associated sound file for later correction, spelling names with the phonetic alphabet and dictating directly into Microsoft Word 7.0 (Windows 95 version only), but the almost uncanny accuracy is the most significant improvement. The voice model is now only updated when words are corrected, and transferring uncorrected text to a word processor has no effect on the speaker's voice model. Dictation is thus a much more relaxed process, and the ability to concentrate on the content of what is being dictated rather than the mechanism of getting the text into the computer is the real advantage of this software.
[Determination of enzymatic catalysis for the cis-trans-isomerization of peptide binding in proline-containing peptides]. (1984)

The rates of cis to trans interconversion of Glt-(Ala)n-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilides (n = 1-3) were estimated by means of a two-step process with chymotrypsin as the trans-substrate cleaving activity. By the aid of this system, pig kidney and several other tissues contained demonstrable catalytic activity against the cis to trans interconversion of the proline containing peptides. The active protein fraction was purified 38-fold from pig kidney cortex by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of column chromatographic techniques. Activity was detected against the cis to trans interconversion of Glt-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide to a different extent. No activity was found with Phe-Pro-4-nitroanilide. With respect to the substrate specificity, this enzyme must be classified as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase. The enzyme was strongly inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate, sodium dodecylsulfate, Hg2+- and Cu2+-ions, but was not inhibited by metal chelators, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and chlorotosylamidophenylbutane. The activity is abolished by incubation with trypsin. The enzyme is heat sensitive at 50 degrees C. The results presented in this paper suggest a new type of enzymes, characterized by catalytic activity against conformational interconversions. The possibility of the location of the enzyme on ribosomal particles is discussed.
A neutral state green polymer with a superior transmissive light blue oxidized state (2007)

This report highlights the synthesis of only the second green polymer in the literature, which possesses superior properties over the first: a highly transmissive light blue color in the oxidized state with high optical contrast and excellent switching properties.
A microarray-based gastric carcinoma prewarning system (2005)

The microarray-based prewarning system for gastric cancer was developed. This system consisted of gastric cancer-associated gene chip, prewarning data and analysis software, which has a high potential for applications in the early detection of gastric cancer. The two potential markers brcaa1 and ndr1 identified may be used to distinguish cancer status fand non-cancer status.
Evidence for Binding of Dirhodium Bis-Acetate Units to Adjacent GG and AA Sites on Single-Stranded DNA (1999)

Dirhodium tetraacetate is an antitumor active compound that is known to inhibit cellular DNA synthesis, but relatively little is known about its interactions with nucleic acids. A combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and enzymatic digestion experiments has established that the dirhodium bis-acetate unit forms an adduct with AA and GG sites in short DNA strands. The MALDI MS detection of the dirhodium/DNA adduct was aided by the addition of spermine, but no special sample treatment was required to obtain high quality mass spectra of the corresponding cisplatin-modified DNA strands.
Characterization of Two Steroidogenic Cell Types in the Ovine Corpus Luteum1, 2 (1982)

A procedure which utilized elutriation was developed which permitted the separation of two populations of luteal cells from enzymatically dispersed corpora lutea taken from superovulated ewes on the 10–12th day of the estrous cycle. One population consisted of cells which measured 23–35 µm in diameter, while the other consisted of cells with a diameter of 12–22 µm. Preparations of both cell types were analyzed for rate of secretion of progesterone, responsiveness to secretagogues, and number of specific binding sites for luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG), and prostaglandins E2 and F2α (PGE2 and PGF2α).
Fluorous Synthesis: A Fluorous-Phase Strategy for Improving Separation Efficiency in Organic Synthesis (1997)

Recovery and purification difficulties can limit the yield and utility of otherwise successful organic synthesis strategies. A "fluorous synthesis" approach is outlined in which organic molecules are rendered soluble in fluorocarbon solvents by attachment of a suitable fluorocarbon group. Fluorocarbon solvents are usually immiscible in organic solutions, and fluorous molecules partition out of an organic phase and into a fluorous phase in a standard liquid-liquid extraction. Simple yet substantive separations of organic reaction mixtures are achieved without resorting to chromatography. Because fluorous synthesis combines in many respects the favorable purification features of solid-phase synthesis with the favorable reaction, identification, and analysis features of traditional organic synthesis, it should prove valuable in the automated synthesis of libraries of individual pure organic compounds.
Amplification Target ADRM1: Role as an Oncogene and Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer (2013)

Approximately 25,000 ovarian cancers are diagnosed in the U.S. annually, and 75% are in the advanced stage and largely incurable. There is critical need for early detection tools and novel treatments. Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is a protein that is encoded by the ADRM1 gene. Recently, we showed that among 20q13-amplified genes in ovarian cancer, ADRM1 overexpression was the most highly correlated with amplification and was significantly upregulated with respect to stage, recurrence, and metastasis. Its overexpression correlated significantly with shorter time to recurrence and overall survival. Array-CGH and microarray expression of ovarian cancer cell lines provided evidence consistent with primary tumor data that ADRM1 is a 20q13 amplification target. Herein, we confirm the ADRM1 amplicon in a second ovarian cancer cohort and define a minimally amplified region of 262 KB encompassing seven genes. Additionally, using RNAi knock-down of ADRM1 in naturally amplified cell line OAW42 and overexpression of ADRM1 via transfection in ES2, we show that (1) ADRM1 overexpression increases proliferation, migration, and growth in soft agar, and (2) knock-down of ADRM1 results in apoptosis. Proteomic analysis of cells with ADRM1 knock-down reveals dysregulation of proteins including CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1. Taken together, the results indicate that amplified ADRM1 is involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival in ovarian cancer cells, supporting a role as an oncogene and novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Genes affecting the productivity of alpha-amylase in Bacillus subtilis Marburg (1975)

Genetic control of alpha-amylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1.) production by Bacillus subtilis 168 was studied from the standpoint that alpha-amylase production by bacteria is dependent on a long-lived messenger ribonucleic acid and obeys the following equation: E = kappa integral of X-DT where x = cell mass at time t, E = alpha amylase produced, t = culture time, and kappa = productivity constant. So a productivity constand (kappa) is obtained from the slope of the straight line plot of alpha-amylase formed versus the total mass of cells accumulated over that time during the culture process. The following results were obtained. (i) Two sequential mutants, derived from the 168(kappa = 20) strain and having improved alpha-amylase productivity (168 leads to 196), were analyzed for their serine and metal protease production. Strain 128 (kappa = 40) produced half the amount of both proteases, but strain 196 (kappa = 60 similar to 80) produced 20 times that in the original strain. (ii) Amy+ transformants, using the 196 strain as the other three had higher productivity (kappa = 37 similar to 46). These transformants (J71, J47, groups. Seventy-one of 74 Amy+ transformants had a kappa value of 21.0 plus or minus 2.1 and the other three had higher productivity (kappa = 37 similar to 46). These transformants (J71,J47, and J10) produced levels of serine and metal proteases 20 times higher than the other transformants. (iii) Strains 196, J71, J47, and J10 were found to be nonmotile and resistant to phage PBS1, whereas other strains, including strains 168, 128, 3 revertants of strain J71 and 2 revertants of strain 196, were all motile and sensitive to the phage. (iv) Strains 196 and J71 were nonflagellated under electron microscopic observation but strain 168, 128 and a revertant of J71 were flagellated. From the above experimental results, the existence of a quality controlling gene (amyB) was deduced, which is loosely linked to the structural gene and controls productivities of alpha-amylase and proteases, and flagellation. The probable existence of another regulatory gene, amyC, is also discussed.
Biology and genetics of atopic disease (1996)

Several immunological disorders including allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, urticaria, nonhereditary angioedema, systemic anaphylaxis, and allergic conjunctivitis are associated with a positive family history, and share a positive response in the Prausnitz-Kuster (wheal and flare) reaction. Studies have shown that 20-30% of the population has a strong genetic predisposition for this condition, termed atopy, whose hallmark is a greatly elevated serum IgE concentration. A great deal is known about the cellular interactions that mediate the sensitization, immediate and late-phase reactions that follow encounters with allergen, as well as about the cell surface and signaling events that result in mediator release from inflammatory cells. Less is known of the genes that confer genetic predisposition for atopy; however, a worldwide effort to identify atopy genes is making significant progress.
Thermal degradation of polycarbonate (1968)

A comparison is drawn between the thermal behaviour of poly-[2,2-propane-bis-(4-phenyl carbonate)] and the model compound diphenyl carbonate. On this basis a rearrangement mechanism is suggested to account for the main chemical and physical features of the degradation of the polymer between 300 and 389°.
Entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (1999)

Porcine alveolar macrophages (AMphi) are the dominant cell type that supports the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vivo and in vitro. In order to determine the characteristics of the virus-receptor interaction, the attachment of PRRSV to cells was examined by using biotinylated virus in a series of flow cytometric assays. PRRSV bound specifically to AMphi in a dose-dependent manner. Binding of PRRSV to AMphi increased gradually and reached a maximum within 60 min at 4 degrees C. By confocal microscopy, it was shown that different degrees of PRRSV binding exist and that entry is by endocytosis. Virus uptake in vesicles is a clathrin-dependent process, as it was blocked by the addition of cytochalasin D and co-localization of PRRSV and clathrin was found. Furthermore, by the use of two weak bases, NH4Cl and chloroquine, it was demonstrated that PRRSV uses a low pH-dependent entry pathway. In the presence of these reagents, input virions accumulated in large vacuoles, indicating that uncoating was prevented. These results indicate that PRRSV entry into AMphi involves attachment to a specific virus receptor(s) followed by a process of endocytosis, by which virions are taken into the cell within vesicles by a clathrin-dependent pathway. A subsequent drop in pH is required for proper virus replication.
Poly(4-vinyl pyridine)/Zinc Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Mesomorphic State Due to Coordination Complexation (1995)

Recently, it has been shown that the properties of flexible and semi-rigid polyelectrolytes can be tailored by using specific surfactants. In these cases, mesomorphic structures in bulk and in solution and network. morphologies in blends have been achieved. In polyelectrolytes, the available electrostatic interaction to bond the surfactants is large due to the charges bound to the polymer backbone. In this work, we show that mesomorphic behavior of even noncharged flexible polymers can be achieved if the interaction between the polymer and the surfactant is selected properly. The model system is atactic poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) in combination with zinc dodecyl benzene sulfonate (Zn(DBS)(2)). FTIR measurements indicate that transition metal coordination between the Zn cation and the pyridine amines takes place, SAXS and birefringence show that mesomorphic structures are obtained, the long period being 27.8 Angstrom in the nominally fully complexed case and 26.1 Angstrom when the degree of complexation is 25%. Also pure Zn(DBS)(2) is mesomorphic with the long period of 23.7 Angstrom. The difference between the layer thicknesses of Zn(DBS)(2) and P4VP(Zn(DBS)(2))(x) can be explained by the atacticity of the polymer.
A general synthesis of terminal and internal arylalkynes by the palladium-catalyzed reaction of alkynylzinc reagents with aryl halides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general synthesis of terminal and internal arylalkynes by the palladium-catalyzed reaction of alkynylzinc reagents with aryl halidesAnthony O. King, Eiichi Negishi, Frank J. Villani Jr., and Augustine Silveira Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2, 358–360Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00396a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00396a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2630Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts