gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verification of RTL generated from scheduled behavior in a high-level synthesis flow (1998)

We propose a complete procedure for verifying register-transfer logic against its scheduled behavior in a high-level synthesis environment Our proposal advances the state of the art because it is the first such verification procedure that is both complete and practical. Hardware verification is known to be a hard problem and the proposed verification technique leverages off the fact that highlevel synthesis -performed manually or by means of high-level synthesis software -proceeds from the algorithmic description of the design to structural RTL through a sequence of very well defined steps, each limited in its scope. The major contribution is the partitioning of the equivalence checking task into two simpler subtasks, verifying the validity of register sharing, and verifying correct synthesis of the RTL interconnect and control. While state space traversal is unavoidable for verifying validity of the register sharing, we automatically abstract out irrelevant portions oftbe design, significantly simpliQing the task that must be performed by a back-end model checker. The second task of verifying the RTL is not only shown to reduce to a combinational equivalence check,we present a novel and fast RTL technique for combinational equivalence check instead of using slower gate level techniques. The verification procedure has been applied to several large circuits, and is illustrated on the implementation of a sort algorithm.
Downy Mildew Resistance of the Cucumber Germplasm Collection in North Carolina Field Tests (1997)

Downy mildew [ Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. &amp; Curt.) Rostov] is an important disease in most cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) production areas of the world. Resistant cullivars are available, but higher levels of resistance are needed if yield losses are to be avoided. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate all available plant introduction accessions (from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System), cultivars, and breeding lines (hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens) of cucumber for downy mildew resistance under field conditions in North Carolina. All available cultigens were tested in four blocks (2 yr and two replications) under natural field epidemics of the disease. Mean ratings for downy mildew leaf damage ranged from 1.3 to 9.0 on a 0 to 9 scale. The most resistant nine cultigens originated from the USA, and were primarily adapted cultivars or breeding lines. The most resistant cultigens, for which multiple‐year data were available, were Gy 4, ‘Clinton’, PI 234517, ‘Poinsett 76’, Gy 5, ‘Addis’, M 21, M 27, and ‘Galaxy’. The most susceptible cultigens for which multiple year data were available, were P1288995, P1176952, PI 178886, and P1211985. We classified 17 cultigens as highly resistant (1.3–3.0), 87 as moderately resistant (3.3–5.0), 311 as moderately susceptible (5.3–7.0), and 248 as highly susceptible (7.3–9.0) for the cultigens with multiple‐year data. No plant introduction accessions were found to be more resistant than the most resistant elite cultivars and breeding lines tested.
Synthetic Insertion of Gold Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica (2003)

Industrial catalysts often consist of transition metals supported on microporous or mesoporous high surface area oxides and are prepared by techniques such as impregnation and ion adsorption. In standard fabrication processes the metal particle size is not well-controlled. In this paper we report a new synthetic route for the production of catalyst materials with more precise control of the metal particle size. Gold nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica (MCM-41 and MCM-48) served as a model system, although the techniques described are applicable to a wide variety of metals and oxide supports. The samples were characterized by a combination of low-angle powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. The results show that the MCM-41 and MCM-48 structures retain their long-range order when metal particles are added; in addition, the size of the channels increases monotonically with metal loading. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy in combination with the adsorption of thiols provides conclusive evidence that 2- and 5-nm-diameter Au nanoparticles are incorporated into the pores of the silicates and that they are accessible to reactant molecules.
Identification by molecular cloning of two forms of the α‐subunit of the human liver stimulatory (Gs) regulatory component of adenylyl cyclase (1986)

Two DNA molecules complementary to human liver mRNA coding for the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory regulatory component Gs of adenylyl cyclase were cloned. One of the two forms is a full-length cDNA of 1614 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tail of 59 nucleotides. The deduced sequence of 394 amino acids encoded by its open reading frame is essentially identical to that of the alpha-subunits of Gs identified by molecular cloning from bovine adrenals, bovine brain and rat brain. Two independent clones of the other type of cDNA were isolated. Both were incomplete, beginning within the open reading frame coding for the alpha s polypeptide. One codes for amino acids 5 through 394 and the other for amino acids 48 through 394 of the above described cDNA of 1614 nucleotides, and both have the identical 3'-untranslated sequence. They differ from the first cDNA, however, in that they lack a stretch of 42 nucleotides (numbers 214 through 255) and have nucleotides 213 (G) and 256 (G) replaced with C and A, respectively. This results in a predicted amino acid composition of another alpha-subunit of Gs that is shorter by 14 amino acids and contains two substitutions (Asp for Glu and Ser for Gly) at the interface between the deletion and the unchanged sequence. We call the smaller subunit alpha s1 and the larger alpha s2. This is the first demonstration of a structural heterogeneity in alpha s subunits that is due to a difference in amino acid sequence.
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcitatory amino acid neurotransmissionRodney L. Johnson and James F. KoernerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 11, 2057–2066Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00119a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00119a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C-C BOND FORMATION IN ORGANIC CRYSTALS (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTC-C BOND FORMATION IN ORGANIC CRYSTALSSolid-state photochemical reaction offers alternative route to vicinal quaternary centersA. MAUREEN ROUHICite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 41, 72Publication Date (Print):October 13, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 13 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n041.p072https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n041.p072newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Ketones,Organic chemistry,Pharmaceuticals,Photochemical reactions,Substituents Get e-Alerts
Super-Resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy (2017)

Super-resolved structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is among the most rapidly growing fluorescence microscopy techniques that can surpass the optical diffraction limit. The strength of SR-SIM is that it can be readily applied to samples prepared for conventional fluorescence microscopy, requiring no sophisticated sample preparation protocols. As an extension of wide-field fluorescence microscopy, it is inherently capable of multicolor imaging and optical sectioning and, with sufficiently fast implementations, permits live cell imaging. Image reconstruction, however, currently relies on sophisticated computational procedures, susceptible to reconstruction artifacts, requiring trained users to recognize and avoid them. Here, we review the latest developments in SR-SIM research. Starting from a historical overview of the development of SR-SIM, we review how this method can be implemented in various experimental schemes, we provide an overview of the important parameters involved in successful image reconstruction, we summarize recent biological applications, and we provide a brief outlook of the directions in which we believe SR-SIM is headed in the future.
Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Discriminate Major Types of Diabetes Mellitus (1992)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is marked by circulating antibodies to a 64,000-M(r) islet cell antigen identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). We describe a radioimmunoprecipitation assay with GAD isolated from pig brain. The sera tested were from 80 patients with IDDM including 26 with disease of recent onset and 54 with disease of longer duration (3-42 yr), 20 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and 55 nondiabetic subjects. Conventional assays for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies were performed concurrently. The level of antibody in serum was expressed in units based on percentage reactivity of a standard reference serum. The frequency of antibody to GAD in IDDM was 69% in short-duration cases and 59% in long-duration cases. The latter was substantially higher than the frequency of islet cell cytoplasmic antibody. Antibodies to GAD were elevated (means +/- 3 SD) in 5% NIDDM cases and in none of the nondiabetic subjects. A simple laboratory test with a defined autoantigen has substantial implications for population screening and early diagnosis of IDDM and for better understanding of its pathogenesis.
Tau protein kinase I is essential for amyloid beta-protein-induced neurotoxicity. (1993)

Pathological changes of Alzheimer disease are characterized by cerebral cortical atrophy as a result of degeneration and loss of neurons. Typical histological lesions include numerous senile plaques composed of deposits of amyloid beta-protein and neurofibrillary tangles consisting predominantly of ubiquitin and highly phosphorylated tau proteins. Previously, tau protein kinase I (TPK I) was purified and its cDNA was cloned. To examine the biological role of this enzyme in neurons, we have studied the induction of its kinase activity in primary cultures of embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Treatment of cultures with amyloid beta-protein significantly increased TPK I activity and induced the appearance of tau proteins recognized by the Alz-50 monoclonal antibody. In addition, though amyloid beta-protein was neurotoxic, either cycloheximide or actinomycin D prevented neuronal death. Death was also prevented by TPK I antisense oligonucleotides but not by sense oligonucleotides. These observations suggest that rat hippocampal neurons undergo programmed cell death in response to amyloid beta-protein and that TPK I is a key enzyme in this process.
Nanocomposite fire retardants ? a review (2000)

Most fire retardant nanocomposites are made from layered silicates and organic polymers, a variety of methods are used in their synthesis. The mechanism for the fire retardancy of these composites is generally considered to be due to the structure of the char formed during combustion, which enables the char to thermally insulate the polymer and inhibit the formation and escape of volatiles during combustion. Fire retardant nanocomposites require relatively low concentrations of silicates for activity, resulting in low additional costs and weight. Improvements in the bulk physical properties of the polymer can be additional advantages over traditional fire retardants. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape representations for object recognition (2011)

Alexander ToshevAcknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my advisors. Prof. Kostas Daniilidis is a great mentor, who was always supportive in my research endeavors and has thought me a lot about computer vision and research in general. I have learned immensely from the insightful thinking and unique scientific approach of Prof. Jianbo Shi. I would like to thank Prof. Ben Taskar for all the inspiration, energy and support during the last three years of my work. I owe special thanks to my dissertation committee members for the review of my work: Prof. CJ Taylor, Prof. Daniel Lee, Prof. Pietro Perona, and Prof. Longin Jan Latecki. This work would not have been possible without all the great people at the GRASP lab. I would like to thank Prof. Philippos Mordohai for the continuing support and the motivation he has given me during his tenure at Penn. I have
1999 Issue-Based Review (1999)

Introduction Review Team Schedule Review Team Members SCREC Faculty SCREC Staff Structure SCREC District County Staff Structure SCREC District Map Facilities Ag Profitability and Global Competitiveness 4-H Youth Development Nebraska's Changing Communities Healthy Families Resource Utilization and Environment Review Update 1993 Exit Report 1993 Exit Report Response Questions
ISSUES AND ARGUMENTS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY SPANISH FEMINIST THEORY (2005)

In the pages of the 2003 volume of Anales de la literatura espa?ola contempor?nea, whose thirtieth anniversary we are celebrating, I pointed out that feminist scholars of Spanish literature have tended to rely on French and Anglo-American theoretical models. There I proposed that feminist critics of Spanish literature begin to look more seriously at Spanish feminist thought for the guiding ideas of their analyses of Spanish cultural phenomena.1 I want to continue the dis cussion I initiated in that brief article, which was originally a 20-minute paper delivered at the 2001 MLA meetings, and outline some of the feminist issues and arguments put forth by Spanish feminist theorists. Fortunately, we do some have several studies of individual feminist writers and some of their major works. Catherine Davies's Feminist writers in Spain since 1900: from political strategy to personal inquiry is a useful survey from 1900-1999 that focuses on Carmen de Burgos, Margarita Nelken, Clara Campoamor, Federica Montseny, Carmen Laforet, Carmen Mart?n Gaite, Lidia Falcon, Monstserrat Roig, Esther Tusquets, and Rosa Montero. Spanish Women Winters and the Essay: Gender, Politics, and the Self, edited by Kathleen M. Glenn and Mercedes Mazquiar?n de Rodr?quez, provides a more in depth consideration of specific women writers who theorized or wrote essays, although not all of them feminist or studied from a feminist perspective. The volume
Do Structurally Similar Molecules Have Similar Biological Activity? (2002)

To design diverse combinatorial libraries or to select diverse compounds to augment a screening collection, computational chemists frequently reject compounds that are > or =0.85 similar to one already chosen for the combinatorial library or in the screening set. Using Daylight fingerprints, this report shows that for IC(50) values determined as a follow-up to 115 high-throughput screening assays, there is only a 30% chance that a compound that is > or = 0.85 (Tanimoto) similar to an active is itself active. Although this enrichment is greater than that found with random screening and docking to three-dimensional structures, this low fraction of actives within similar compounds occurs not only because of deficiencies in the Daylight fingerprints and Tanimoto similarity calculations but also because similar compounds do not necessarily interact with the target macromolecule in similar ways. The current study emphasizes the statistical or probabilistic nature of library design and that perfect results cannot be expected.
Tissue distribution and biochemical and functional properties of Tp55 (CD27), a novel T cell differentiation antigen. (1987)

Two monoclonal antibodies (CLB-CD 27/1 and CLB-CD 27/2) were raised against a novel determinant on human T lymphocytes. One of these antibodies, CLB-CD 27/1 (clone 9F4), was grouped by the Third International Workshop and Conference on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens together with three other monoclonal antibodies (VIT 14, OKT 18A, and S152) in the new cluster CD27. In this paper we show that antibodies belonging to this cluster recognize an antigen present on a large subset of peripheral T lymphocytes and most medullary thymocytes. At least two different nonoverlapping epitopes were identified with directly labeled monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that the target antigen of CD27 antibodies is a polypeptide of 55 kDa, which appears in the form of a disulfide-linked homodimer on the T lymphocyte membrane (Tp55). Stimulation of T cells via the T3/T cell antigen-receptor complex, with either phytohemagglutinin or CD3 monoclonal antibodies, resulted in a fivefold increase in the membrane expression of Tp55, whereas activation by phorbol myristate acetate caused a marked down-regulation. Moreover, an additional molecule of 32 kDa was precipitated from the membrane of activated but not of resting T cells. Addition of CD27 antibodies to cultures stimulated with either phytohemagglutinin or CD3 monoclonal antibody led to enhanced proliferation, whereas no effect was observed in phorbol myristate acetate or interleukin 2-stimulated cultures. The possible role of the Tp55 antigen in T cell activation is discussed.
femA, which encodes a factor essential for expression of methicillin resistance, affects glycine content of peptidoglycan in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains (1991)

femA is a chromosomally encoded factor, occurring naturally in Staphylococcus aureus, which is essential for the expression of high-level methicillin resistance in this organism. The production of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a or PBP2', which is intimately involved with methicillin resistance in S. aureus, is not influenced by femA. To elucidate a possible physiological function of the 48-kDa protein encoded by femA, several related methicillin-resistant, methicillin-susceptible, and Tn551 insertionally inactivated femA mutants were analyzed for possible changes in cell wall structure and metabolism. Independent of the presence of mec, the methicillin resistance determinant, all femA mutants had a reduced peptidoglycan (PG) glycine content (up to 60% in the molar ratio of glycine/glutamic acid) compared to that of related femA+ parent strains. Additional effects of femA inactivation and the subsequent decrease in PG-associated glycine were (i) reduced digestion of PG by recombinant lysostaphin, (ii) unaltered digestion of PG by Chalaropsis B-muramidase, (iii) reduced cell wall turnover, (iv) reduced whole-cell autolysis, and (v) increased sensitivity towards beta-lactam antibiotics. Also, the PG-associated glycine content of a femA::Tn551 methicillin-susceptible strain was restored concomitantly with the methicillin resistance to a level almost equal to that of its femA+ methicillin-resistant parent strain by introduction of plasmid pBBB31, encoding femA.
Transduction of a foreign histocompatibility gene into the arterial wall induces vasculitis. (1992)

Autoimmune vasculitis represents a disease characterized by focal inflammation within arteries at multiple sites in the vasculature. Therapeutic interventions in this disease are empirical and often unsuccessful, and the mechanisms of immune injury are not well-defined. The direct transfer of recombinant genes and their expression in the arterial wall provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of vascular disease. In this report, an animal model for vasculitis has been developed. Inflammation has been elicited by direct gene transfer of a foreign class I major histocompatibility complex gene, HLA-B7, to specific sites in porcine arteries. Transfer and expression of this recombinant gene was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and cytolytic T cells specific for HLA-B7 were detected. These findings demonstrate that expression of a recombinant gene in the vessel wall can induce a focal immune response and suggest that vessel damage induced by cell-mediated immune injury can initiate vasculitis.
In vitro virus: Bonding of mRNA bearing puromycin at the 3′‐terminal end to the C‐terminal end of its encoded protein on the ribosome in vitro (1997)

Adequate means for genotype assignment to phenotype is essential in evolutionary molecular engineering. In this study, construction of 'in vitro virus' was carried out in which a genotype molecule (mRNA) covalently binds to the phenotype molecule (protein) through puromycin on the ribosome in a cell-free translation system. Bonding efficiency was approximately 10%, thus indicating a population of the in vitro virus to have approximately 10(12) protein variants, this number being 10(4) that in the phage display. The in vitro virus is useful for examining protein evolution in a test tube and the results may possibly serve as basis for a general method for selecting proteins possessing the most desirable functions.