gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by TPL-2 Kinase (2014)

Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL-2) expression is required for efficient polarization of naive T cells to Th1 effector cells in vitro, as well as for Th1-mediated immune responses. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of TPL-2 in Th17 cells. TPL-2 was found to be dispensable for Th17 cell differentiation in vitro, and for the initial priming of Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th17 cell-mediated disease model for multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, TPL-2-deficient mice were protected from EAE, which correlated with reduced immune cell infiltration, demyelination, and axonal damage in the CNS. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that there was no T cell-intrinsic function for TPL-2 in EAE, and that TPL-2 signaling was not required in radiation-sensitive hematopoietic cells. Rather, TPL-2 signaling in radiation-resistant stromal cells promoted the effector phase of the disease. Importantly, using a newly generated mouse strain expressing a kinase-inactive form of TPL-2, we demonstrated that stimulation of EAE was dependent on the catalytic activity of TPL-2 and not its adaptor function to stabilize the associated ubiquitin-binding protein ABIN-2. Our data therefore raise the possibility that small molecule inhibitors of TPL-2 may be beneficial in multiple sclerosis therapy.
A Proxy Method for Real-Time 3-DOF Haptic Rendering of Streaming Point Cloud Data (2013)

This paper presents a new haptic rendering method for streaming point cloud data. It provides haptic rendering of moving physical objects using data obtained from RGB-D cameras. Thus, real-time haptic interaction with moving objects can be achieved using noncontact sensors. This method extends "virtual coupling"-based proxy methods in a way that does not require preprocessing of points and allows for spatial point cloud discontinuities. The key ideas of the algorithm are iterative motion of the proxy with respect to the points, and the use of a variable proxy step size that results in better accuracy for short proxy movements and faster convergence for longer movements. This method provides highly accurate haptic interaction for geometries in which the proxy can physically fit. Another advantage is a significant reduction in the risk of "pop through" during haptic interaction with dynamic point clouds, even in the presence of noise. This haptic rendering method is computationally efficient; it can run in real time on available personal computers without the need for downsampling of point clouds from commercially available depth cameras.
Theoretically Exact Filtered Backprojection-Type Inversion Algorithm for Spiral CT (2002)

Proposed is a theoretically exact formula for inversion of data obtained by a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan with a two-dimensional detector array. The detector array is supposed to be of limited extent in the axial direction. The main property of the formula is that it can be implemented in a truly filtered backprojection fashion. First, one performs shift-invariant filtering of a derivative of the cone beam projections, and, second, the result is backprojected in order to form an image. Another property is that the formula solves the so-called long object problem. Limitations of the algorithm are discussed. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Distinct cis-acting elements direct pistil-specific and pollen-specific activity of the Brassica S locus glycoprotein gene promoter. (1993)

The promoter of the S Locus Glycoprotein (SLG) gene of Brassica is a tightly regulated promoter that is active specifically in reproductive organs. In transgenic tobacco, this promoter is active exclusively in cells of the pistil and in pollen. We transformed tobacco with truncated versions of the SLG13 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. We show that the promoter has a modular organization and consists of separable DNA elements that independently specify pistil- and pollen-specific expression. A 196-bp region (-339 to -143) is sufficient to confer stigma and style specificity to the marker gene. Two distinct, but functionally redundant, domains (-415 to -291 and -117 to -8) allow specific expression of the gene in pollen. The functional domains identified within the SLG13 promoter contain sequence elements that are highly conserved in different alleles of the SLG gene and in the S Locus Related SLR1 gene.
18F-AmBF3-MJ9: A novel radiofluorinated bombesin derivative for prostate cancer imaging (2015)

A novel radiofluorinated derivative of bombesin, (18)F-AmBF3-MJ9, was synthesized and evaluated for its potential to image prostate cancer by targeting the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). AmBF3-MJ9 was prepared from an ammoniomethyl-trifluoroborate (AmBF3) conjugated alkyne 2 and azidoacetyl-MJ9 via a copper-catalyzed click reaction, and had good binding affinity for GRPR (Ki=0.5±0.1nM). The (18)F-labeling was performed via a facile one-step (18)F-(19)F isotope exchange reaction, and (18)F-AmBF3-MJ9 was obtained in 23±5% (n=3) radiochemical yield in 25min with >99% radiochemical purity and 100±32GBq/μmol specific activity. (18)F-AmBF3-MJ9 was stable in mouse plasma, and was partially (22-30%) internalized after binding to GRPR. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies in mice showed fast renal excretion and good uptake of (18)F-AmBF3-MJ9 by GRPR-expressing pancreas and PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. Tumor uptake was 1.37±0.25%ID/g at 1h, and 2.20±0.13%ID/g at 2h post-injection (p.i.) with low background uptake and excellent tumor visualization (tumor-to-muscle ratios of 75.4±5.5). These data suggest that (18)F-AmBF3-MJ9 is a promising PET tracer for imaging GRPR-expressing prostate cancers.
Electronic equalization of transmission impairments (2002)

We have reviewed experimental and numerical results on electrical signal processing for the reduction of penalty induced in the optical domain. Since a few years integrated electronic equalizer circuits are available for 10 Gb/s operation. Penalty reduction of signal distorted by chromatic dispersion, PMD, and self-phase modulation has experimentally been demonstrated. First studies on equalization of DWDM typical crosstalk have already been conducted. Nevertheless, as compared to the decade long experience with dynamic equalization of thermal noise limited signal, for amplified optical signal limited by the optical signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR) the residual penalty after equalization roughly doubles and the fast responding LMS adaptation leads to a sub-optimum setting of the equalizer failing the optimum by up to 0.8 dB which can be avoided by the slower steepest-descend scheme which optimising Q-factor related criteria at equalizer output.
MF59 adjuvant enhances antibody responses of infant baboons immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis group C oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine (1997)

The ability of the adjuvant MF59 to enhance the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines was investigated in infant baboons. MF59 consists of stable droplets (<250 nm) of the metabolizable oil squalene and two surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan trioleate, in an oil-in-water emulsion. In humans, MF59 is well tolerated and enhances the immunogenicity of recombinant protein subunit or particle vaccines. Its effect on the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines is unknown. Baboons 1 to 4 months of age were immunized intramuscularly with Neisseria meningitidis group C and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccines. The lyophilized vaccines were reconstituted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Al(OH)3 (alum), or MF59. Groups of five animals each were given three injections of the respective formulations, with one injection every 4 weeks. Four weeks after each immunization, the MF59 group had up to 7-fold-higher geometric mean anticapsular-antibody titers than the alum group and 5- to 10-fold-higher N. meningitidis group C bactericidal-antibody titers. Twenty-one weeks after the third immunization, the MF59 group still showed 5- to 10-fold-higher anticapsular-antibody titers. The antibody responses of the animals given the vaccines reconstituted with PBS were low at all times measured. Both the MF59 and alum groups, but not the PBS group, showed booster antibody responses to unconjugated Hib and N. meningitidis group C polysaccharides, results consistent with induction of memory B cells. Thus, MF59 may be useful for accelerating and augmenting immunity to polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in infants.
Comparison ofn–3 fatty acid sources in laying hen rations for improvement of whole egg nutritional quality: a review (1997)

The nutritional manipulation of the diets of laying hens to include sources of n –3 fatty acids promotes the deposition of these nutrients into egg yolk. n –3 Fatty acid-rich eggs may provide an exciting alternative food source for enhancing consumer intake of these proposed healthful fatty acids. Care must be taken when designing n –3 fatty acid-rich poultry rations, however, to assure that the resulting egg fatty acid profile is useful for promoting consumer health yet maintaining egg sensory quality. In study 1 laying hens were fed on diets supplemented with graded levels of menhaden oil (MO), rich in both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n –3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6 n –3), for 4 weeks to determine maximal yolk fatty acid deposition attainable without sensory compromise. Yolk fatty acids were analysed for an additional 4 weeks, post-MO removal, to investigate yolk n –3 fatty acid tenacity. Dietary MO levels between 15 and 30g/kg yielded the greatest yolk n –3 fatty acid content; however, only eggs from birds fed with 15g MO/kg were considered acceptable by trained flavour panelists. Evaluation of eggs from hens fed with 15g MO/kg during storage verified that the shelf-life of enriched eggs was comparable with that of typical eggs. In study 2, graded levels of whole or ground flaxseed were used for the deposition of linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3 n –3) and to determine in vivo production of DHA from dietary LNA for yolk deposition. Flaxseed form influenced yolk n –3 fatty acids only when given at 150 g/kg diet. In vivo production of DHA, while significant, was not enhanced by increasing the level of dietary flaxseed nor by grinding the seed. In the third study, a DHA-rich natural marine alga (MA) was investigated as an n –3 fatty acid supplement. Despite similar DHA profiles, dietary MA was found to be more efficient for yolk DHA deposition than dietary MO. These studies suggest that there are numerous viable n –3 fatty acid supplements for poultry rations. It must be realized, however, that the fatty acid profile of the final product varies substantially depending on which supplement is fed.
Conventional and High-Yield Synthesis of DTPA-Conjugated Peptides:  Application of a Monoreactive DTPA to DTPA-d-Phe1-octreotide Synthesis (1997)

Successful imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide has stimulated development of peptide radiopharmaceuticals using DTPA as the chelating agent. However, use of cyclic DTPA dianhydride (cDTPA) resulted in low synthetic yields of DTPA-peptide by either solution or solid-phase syntheses. This paper reports a novel high-yield synthetic procedure for DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide that is applicable to other peptides of interest using a monoreactive DTPA derivative. A monoreactive DTPA that possesses one free terminal carboxylic acid along with four carboxylates protected with tert-butyl ester (mDTPA) was synthesized. Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-ol, prepared from Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, was loaded onto 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. After construction of the peptide chains by Fmoc chemistry, mDTPA was coupled to the alpha amine group of the peptide on the resin in the presence of 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Treatment of the mDTPA-peptide-resin with trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole removed the protecting groups and liberated [Cys(Acm)2,7]-octreotide-D-Phe1-DTPA from the resin. Iodine oxidation of the DTPA-peptide, followed by the reversed-phase HPLC purification, produced DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide in overall 31.8% yield based on the starting Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-ol-resin. The final product gave a single peak on analytical HPLC, and amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed the integrity of the product. 111In radiolabeling of the product provided 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide with > 95% radiochemical yield, as confirmed by analytical reversed-phase HPLC, TLC, and CAE. These finding indicated that use of mDTPA during solid-phase peptide synthesis greatly increased the synthetic yield of DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide, due to the absence of nonselective reactions that are unavoidable when cDTPA is used. These results also suggested that mDTPA would be a versatile reagent to introduce DTPA with high yield into peptides of interest.
Face Recognition Based on Features Measurement Technique (2014)

We present a new technique to infer dimensions that can be used in biometric face recognition. The methodology is centered on inferring unique dimensions from human ears which provides unique physical biometric features. The process of determining the distance is done by harvesting the real actual dimensions from 2D faces images. This is achieved by using specific point to point distances on the two ears in human face. The points chosen give dimension information which enables discrimination for face recognition. The empirical results confirm that an accuracy of 94% recognition rate is achievable. The different positions of measurement points on the ears have a powerful impact to reduce the error of face recognition. Hence, our new measurement dimensions technique is precise and nodal facial points can be reflected as a robust face recognition method.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of XRP6258 (RPR 116258A), a Novel Taxane, Administered as a 1-Hour Infusion Every 3 Weeks in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2009)

The recommended phase II dose of XRP6258 on this schedule is 20 mg/m(2). The general tolerability and encouraging antitumor activity in taxane-refractory patients warrant further evaluations of XRP6258.
Numerical simulation and experimental calibration of additive manufacturing by blown powder technology. Part I: thermal analysis (2017)

Purpose This paper aims to address the numerical simulation of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The numerical results are compared with the experimental campaign carried out at State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing laboratories, where a laser solid forming machine, also referred to as laser engineered net shaping, is used to fabricate metal parts directly from computer-aided design models. Ti-6Al-4V metal powder is injected into the molten pool created by a focused, high-energy laser beam and a layer of added material is sinterized according to the laser scanning pattern specified by the user. Design/methodology/approach The numerical model adopts an apropos finite element (FE) activation technology, which reproduces the same scanning pattern set for the numerical control system of the AM machine. This consists of a complex sequence of polylines, used to define the contour of the component, and hatches patterns to fill the inner section. The full sequence is given through the common layer interface format, a standard format for different manufacturing processes such as rapid prototyping, shape metal deposition or machining processes, among others. The result is a layer-by-layer metal deposition which can be used to build-up complex structures for components such as turbine blades, aircraft stiffeners, cooling systems or medical implants, among others. Findings Ad hoc FE framework for the numerical simulation of the AM process by metal deposition is introduced. Description of the calibration procedure adopted is presented. Originality/value The objectives of this paper are twofold: firstly, this work is intended to calibrate the software for the numerical simulation of the AM process, to achieve high accuracy. Secondly, the sensitivity of the numerical model to the process parameters and modeling data is analyzed.
Patient non-compliance with paper diaries (2002)

Doctors often ask patients to recall recent health experiences, such as pain, fatigue, and quality of life. 1 Research has shown, however, that recall is unreliable and rife with inaccuracies and biases. 2 Recognition of recall's shortcomings has led to the use of diaries, which are intended to capture experiences close to the time of occurrence, thus limiting recall bias and producing more accurate data. 3 The rationale for using diaries would be undermined if patients failed to complete diaries according to protocol. In this study we used a newly developed paper diary that could objectively record when patients made diary entries in order to compare patients' reported and actual compliance with diary keeping. For comparison, we also used an electronic diary designed to enhance compliance in order to assess what compliance rates might be achieved.
Phenotype and toxicity of the recently discovered exlA ‐positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected worldwide (2016)

We recently identified a hypervirulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, differing significantly from the classical strains in that it lacks the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), a major determinant of P. aeruginosa virulence. This new strain secretes a novel toxin, called ExlA, which induces plasma membrane rupture in host cells. For this study, we collected 18 other exlA-positive T3SS-negative strains, analyzed their main virulence factors and tested their toxicity in various models. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups. The strains were isolated on five continents from patients with various pathologies or in the environment. Their proteolytic activity and their motion abilities were highly different, as well as their capacity to infect epithelial, endothelial, fibroblastic and immune cells, which correlated directly with ExlA secretion levels. In contrast, their toxicity towards human erythrocytes was limited. Some strains were hypervirulent in a mouse pneumonia model and others on chicory leaves. We conclude that (i) exlA-positive strains can colonize different habitats and may induce various infection types, (ii) the strains secreting significant amounts of ExlA are cytotoxic for most cell types but are poorly hemolytic, (iii) toxicity in planta does not correlate with ExlA secretion.
Algorithms for manipulating compressed images (1993)

A family of algorithms that implement operations on compressed digital images is described. These algorithms allow many traditional image manipulation operations to be performed 50 to 100 times faster than their brute-force counterparts. It is shown how the algebraic operations of pixel-wise and scalar addition and multiplication, which are the basis for many image transformations, can be implemented on compressed images. These operations are used to implement two common video transformations: dissolving one video sequence into another and subtitling. The performance of these operations is compared with the brute-force approach. The limitations of the technique, extensions to other compression standards and the relationship of this research to other work in the area are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Induced Association of μ Opioid (MOP) and Type 2 Cholecystokinin (CCK2) Receptors by Novel Bivalent Ligands (2008)

Both mu-opioid (MOP) and type 2 cholecystokinin (CCK2) receptors are present in areas of the central nervous system that are involved in modulation of pain processing. We conducted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) studies on COS cells coexpressing MOP and CCK2 receptors to determine whether receptor heterodimerization is involved in such modulation. These studies revealed the absence of constitutive or monovalent ligand-induced heterodimerization. Heterodimerization of MOP and CCK2 receptors therefore is unlikely to be responsible for the opposing effects between morphine and CCK in the CNS. However, association was induced, as indicated by a positive BRET signal, on exposure of the cells to bivalent ligands containing mu-opioid agonist and CCK2 receptor antagonist pharmacophores linked through spacers containing 16-22 atoms but not with a shorter (9-atom) spacer. These studies demonstrate for the first time that an appropriately designed bivalent ligand is capable of inducing association of G-protein-coupled receptors. The finding that opioid tolerance studies with these ligands in mice showed no correlation with the BRET data is consistent with the absence of association of MOP and CCK2 receptors in vivo.
In vivo administration of interleukin 2 plus T cell-depleted syngeneic marrow prevents graft-versus-host disease mortality and permits alloengraftment. (1990)

Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated that T cell-depleted (TCD) syngeneic marrow can delay, but not prevent, the mortality from acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) caused by MHC-mismatched lymphoid cells administered to lethally irradiated mice. We demonstrate here that a protective effect against GVHD is also observed after in vivo treatment with IL-2. Administration of 10,000-50,000 U of IL-2 twice daily for the first 5 d after bone marrow transplantation markedly reduced the mortality from both acute and chronic GVHD induced across complete MHC barriers in lethally irradiated mice, and frequently led to long-term survival. Complete allogeneic reconstitution was demonstrated in all long-term survivors of this treatment regimen. While either IL-2 or TCD syngeneic marrow administered alone was protective in some experiments, the maximal protective effect was observed after administration of both IL-2 and TCD syngeneic marrow, especially when the effects of IL-2 were suboptimal. The timing of IL-2 administration was critical to this beneficial effect, since a delay of 7 d in commencing IL-2 treatment was associated with accelerated GVHD mortality. This new approach to the prevention of GVHD permits the administration of allogeneic T cells, and may therefore avoid the increased incidence of graft failure and loss of antileukemic effects associated with the T cell depletion of allogeneic marrow, which is otherwise required for the prevention of GVHD.