gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac afferents play the dominant role in renal nerve inhibition elicited by volume expansion in the rabbit (1998)

In the rabbit, vagotomy combined with arterial baroreceptor denervation abolishes the renal sympathoinhibition elicited by volume expansion. However, the effect of removing cardiopulmonary afferents alone has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the cardiac afferents in the renal sympathetic response elicited by volume expansion in the normal conscious rabbit. Four experimental groups were used in which rabbits were administered 1) volume expansion (Haemaccel, 1.9 ml/min for 60 min), 2) volume expansion + bolus intrapericardial procaine (20 mg) to block cardiac afferents, 3) volume expansion + intravenous procaine (20 mg bolus), and 4) intrapericardial procaine alone (20 mg bolus). Volume expansion did not significantly affect mean arterial pressure or heart rate but produced a profound fall in renal sympathetic nerve activity (approximately 50%). Intrapericardial procaine administered 30 min after the start of volume expansion markedly reversed the renal sympathoinhibition to within 20% of the pre-volume expansion level, an effect that wore off over 25 min. In contrast, intravenous procaine lowered renal sympathetic nerve activity slightly further. The results suggest that cardiac afferents play the dominant role in the renal sympathoinhibition in response to volume expansion in the normal conscious rabbit.
Biological evaluation of certain substituted hydantoins and benzalhydantoins against microbes (2016)

Twenty-three synthetic (thio)hydantoins and benzalhydantoins were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, by the paper disc diffusion method. 3-n-butyl-4'-nitrobenzalhydantoin showed very high activity against E. coli and high selectivity with respect to the other microorganisms, while 3-n-butyl-2'-bromo-4',5'-dimethoxybenzal hydantoin demonstrated very high selectivity in its activity against M. furfur and S. aureus. These compounds show the most promise as drug lead compounds.
Faeculent peritonitis: A complication of vacuum drainage (1980)

Journal Article Faeculent peritonitis: A complication of vacuum drainage Get access Philip J Benjamin Philip J Benjamin Cheltenham General Hospital, Glos. GL53 7AN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 1980, Pages 453–454, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800670627 Published: 12 December 2005
In vivo toxicity and pharmacokinetic features of the janus kinase 3 inhibitor WHI-P131 [4-(4'hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7- dimethoxyquinazoline. (1999)

4-(4'Hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (WHI-P131) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Janus kinase 3, which triggers apoptosis in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. In this preclinical study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of WHI-P131 in rats, mice, and cynomolgus monkeys. Following i.v. administration, the terminal elimination half-life of WHI-P131 was 73.2 min in rats, 103.4 min in mice, and 45.0 min in monkeys. The i.v. administered WHI-P131 showed a very wide tissue distribution in mice. Following i.p. administration, WHI-P131 was rapidly absorbed in both rats and mice, and the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (tmax) was 24.8 min in rats and 10.0 min in mice. Subsequently, WHI-P131 was eliminated with a terminal elimination half-life of 51.8 min in rats and 123.6 min in mice. The estimated i.p. bioavailability was 95% for rats, as well as for mice. WHI-P131 was quickly absorbed after oral administration in mice with a tmax of 5.8 min, but its oral bioavailability was relatively low (29.6%). The elimination half-life of WHI-P131 after oral administration was 297.6 min. WHI-P131 was not acutely toxic to mice at single i.p. bolus doses ranging from 0.5-250 mg/kg. Two cynomolgus monkeys treated with 20 mg/kg WHI-P131 and one cynomolgus monkey treated with 100 mg/kg WHI-P131 experienced no side effects. Plasma samples from WHI-P131-treated monkeys exhibited potent antileukemic activity against human ALL cells in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetic study of a Janus kinase 3 inhibitor. Further development of WHI-P131 may provide the basis for new and effective treatment programs for relapsed ALL in clinical settings.
Modulating Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription by Disrupting the HIF-1–DNA Interface (2007)

Transcription mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) contributes to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis but is also involved in activation of cell-death pathways and normal physiological processes. Given the complexity of HIF-1 signaling, it could be advantageous to target a subset of HIF-1 effectors rather than the entire pathway. We compare the genome-wide effects of three molecules that each interfere with the HIF-1-DNA interaction: a polyamide targeted to the hypoxia response element, small interfering RNA targeted to HIF-1alpha, and echinomycin, a DNA-binding natural product with a similar but less specific sequence preference than the polyamide. The polyamide affects a subset of hypoxia-induced genes consistent with its binding site preferences. For comparison, HIF-1alpha siRNA and echinomycin each affect the expression of nearly every gene induced by hypoxia. Remarkably, the total number of genes affected by either polyamide or HIF-1alpha siRNA over a range of thresholds is comparable. The data show that polyamides can be used to affect a subset of a pathway regulated by a transcription factor. In addition, this study offers a unique comparison of three complementary approaches towards exogenous control of endogenous gene expression.
Synthesis of diaza-crown-ether cholesteric liquid crystals (1996)

Abstract Five diaza-crown-ethers were synthesized and four of them shown to have smectic liquid crystalline properties. Their properties were determined by DSC and polarized microscopy. This type of smectogenic diazacrown ether has not been reported so far. A novel lyotropic crown ether liquid crystal was obtained from the thermotropic crown ether liquid crystal 7.
Audio-Visual Entrainment Program as a Treatment for Behavior Disorders in a School Setting (2000)

Introduction. It has been suggested that the behavioral manifestations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are secondary to neurological abnormalities and are characterized as low brain wave disorders. ADHD children produce higher amounts of theta (5-7 Hz) and less beta (13-21 Hz) brain wave activity than normals. Many researchers are testing the therapeutic effectiveness of Audio-Visual Entrainment (AVE) as a treatment for a variety of low arousal Michael Joyce, MA, has been working with special needs children since 1974. He began working with audio-visual entrainment (AVE) in 1992. Mr.
Chemotaxis towards hyaluronan is dependent on CD44 expression and modulated by cell type variation in CD44-hyaluronan binding (2005)

The accumulation of the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan by tumours and tumour-associated stroma promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Using the Dunn chamber chemotaxis assay, we demonstrate for the first time that high molecular mass hyaluronan acts as a soluble chemoattractant promoting the directional migration of MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, chemotaxis towards hyaluronan, but not foetal bovine serum, can be abrogated following treatment of the cells with siRNA oligonucleotides to downregulate CD44 expression. These data indicate that CD44 is the principal receptor mediating this response and that CD44 expression is not a general requirement for cell migration and gradient sensing, rather it elicits a ligand-specific response. However, expression of CD44 alone is not sufficient to drive chemotaxis towards hyaluronan, as NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were unable to respond to a hyaluronan gradient even when transfected with high levels of human CD44. For NIH-3T3 cells to bind exogenous hyaluronan, it was necessary to both increase the level of receptor expression and remove a hyaluronan pericellular matrix. Together, these studies reveal a direct mechanism for promoting cell invasion into the hyaluronan-rich matrix and predict that in the complex multicellular environment in vivo, multiple mechanisms exist to regulate the ability of a cell to respond to a chemotactic hyaluronan gradient.
Evaluation of Gender Classification Methods with Automatically Detected and Aligned Faces (2008)

We present a systematic study on gender classification with automatically detected and aligned faces. We experimented with 120 combinations of automatic face detection, face alignment and gender classification. One of the findings was that the automatic face alignment methods did not increase the gender classification rates. However, manual alignment increased classification rates a little, which suggests that automatic alignment would be useful when the alignment methods are further improved. We also found that the gender classification methods performed almost equally well with different input image sizes. In any case, the best classification rate was achieved with a support vector machine. A neural network and Adaboost achieved almost as good classification rates as the support vector machine and could be used in applications where classification speed is considered more important than the best possible classification accuracy.
A Computational Screen for Methylation Guide snoRNAs in Yeast (1999)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are required for ribose 2'-O-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA. Many of the genes for this snoRNA family have remained unidentified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, despite the availability of a complete genome sequence. Probabilistic modeling methods akin to those used in speech recognition and computational linguistics were used to computationally screen the yeast genome and identify 22 methylation guide snoRNAs, snR50 to snR71. Gene disruptions and other experimental characterization confirmed their methylation guide function. In total, 51 of the 55 ribose methylated sites in yeast ribosomal RNA were assigned to 41 different guide snoRNAs.
Anti-AIDS Agents, 21. Triterpenoid Saponins as Anti-HIV Principles from Fruits of Gleditsia japonica and Gymnocladus chinesis, and a Structure-Activity Correlation (1995)

Gleditsia saponin C [1] and gymnocladus saponin G [2] were isolated from Gleditsia japonica and Gymnocladus chinensis, respectively, as anti-HIV principles. Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated inhibitory effects against HIV replication in H-9 cells with EC50 values of 1.1 and 2.7 microM, respectively. Evaluation of the anti-HIV activities of the prosapogenins of 1 and 2 suggested that the unusual monoterpenyl moieties in 1 and 2 are essential for their anti-HIV activity. Derivatives of echinocystic acid [8], the aglycone of compound 1, were also prepared and evaluated for inhibitory activity against HIV replication. 3,16-Di-O-acetylechinocystic acid [12] was shown to be an anti-HIV agent with an EC50 value of 2.3 microM.
Robust Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) from Stably HCV cDNA-Transfected Human Hepatoma Cells (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects approximately 170 million people worldwide, with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The study of HCV replication and pathogenesis has been hampered by the lack of an efficient stable cell culture system and small-animal models of HCV infection and propagation. In an effort to develop a robust HCV infection system, we constructed stable human hepatoma cell lines that contain a chromosomally integrated genotype 2a HCV cDNA and constitutively produce infectious virus. Transcriptional expression of the full-length HCV RNA genome is under the control of a cellular Pol II polymerase promoter at the 5' end and a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme at the 3' end. The resulting HCV RNA was expressed and replicated efficiently, as shown by the presence of high levels of HCV proteins as well as both positive- and negative-strand RNAs in the stable Huh7 cell lines. Stable cell lines robustly produce HCV virions with up to 10(8) copies of HCV viral RNA per milliliter (ml) of the culture medium. Subsequent infection of naïve Huh7.5 cells with HCV released from the stable cell lines resulted in high levels of HCV proteins and RNAs. Additionally, HCV infection was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies specific to CD81 and the HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, and HCV replication was suppressed by alpha interferon. Collectively, these results demonstrate the establishment of a stable HCV culture system that robustly produces infectious virus, which will allow the study of each aspect of the entire HCV life cycle.
On-Chip Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Biosensor Arrays (2006)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool for characterizing biological materials, including lipid bilayers and many membrane proteins. However, traditional EIS methods are very slow at low frequencies, where these materials respond in biosensor applications. To enable dense arrays of biosensors based on tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLM), a new approach for EIS has been developed. This paper introduces a methodology and circuit that can rapidly perform EIS in the 1 mHz to 100 kHz frequency range. A circuit implementing this new approach has been realized in 0.5 mum CMOS technology with 3.3 voltage power supply. In the sub-hertz range where membrane protein biosensor response is most critical, the circuit can measure impedance with 8 bit resolution in 20 ms, three orders of magnitude faster than traditional integrator-based circuits. Though tailored for the low frequency spectrum in biosensor applications, the EIS circuit can be used to measure impedance in a wide range of sensory materials.
Excess Salt Removal with Matrix Rinsing: Direct Peptide Profiling of Neurons from Marine Invertebrates Using Matrixassisted Laser DesorptionIonization Timeofflight Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS) is a viable technique for the examination of biological environments. Clearly, sample preparation plays a pivotal role in the ability to obtain mass spectra from samples as complex as biological cells. The physiological salt concentrations associated with neurons from marine specimens interfere with MALDI analysis. A unique and simple rinsing procedure allows cellular clusters, individual neurons and connective tissues to be directly assayed for peptides with minimal sample handling. Isolated cells and tissues, including egg-laying hormone-releasing cells, from the central nervous systems of the model marine molluscs Aplysia californicaand Pleurobranchaea californicaare used to demonstrate the salt removal method. In addition to facilitating sample ionization, the MALDI matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid serves to (i) aid in microdissections by stabilizing cell membranes, (ii) deactivate endogenous proteolytic enzymes and (iii) reduce high salt concentrations in order to improve spectral quality. Representative MALDI mass spectra are presented which indicate the presence of several neuroactive peptides previously characterized by conventional biochemical methods. More than ten individual peptides can be detected in a single cell. In spite of the chemically complex sample, the mass spectra are surprisingly free of extraneous peaks. Furthermore, both mass resolution and mass accuracy are similar to those encountered with more common MALDI samples and protocols.
Anchor-Chain Molecular System for Orientation Control in Enzyme Immobilization (2000)

An anchor-chain molecular system was constructed for controlled orientation and high activity in enzyme immobilization. A streptavidin recognition peptide (streptag) coding sequence was fused to the 3' end of the phoA gene, which codes for E. coli alkaline phosphatase (EAP). Both the wild-type (WT) and the Asp-101 --> Ser (D1O1S) mutant were modified with the streptag sequence with or without the insertion of a flexible linker peptide [-(Gly-Ser)(5)-] coding sequence. The fused genes were cloned into the vector pASK75 and expressed in the periplasm of the host cell Escherichia coli SM547. The proteins were released by osmotic shock and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Enzyme activities of all proteins were measured spectrophotometrically with rho-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate. Specific activities of D101S-streptag and D101S-linker-streptag enzymes were increased 25- or 34-fold over the WT, respectively. These fusion proteins were then immobilized on microtiter plates through streptag-streptavidin binding reaction. After immobilization, the D101S-linker-streptag enzyme displayed the highest residual activity and the ratio of enzyme activities of the linker to nonlinker enzymes was 8.4. These results show that the addition of a linker peptide provides a spacer so as to minimize steric hindrance between the enzyme and streptavidin. The method provides a solution for controlled enzyme immobilization with high recover activity, which is especially important in construction of biosensors, biochips, or other biodevices.
Catalytic RNA: Structure and Mechanism (1993)

Conference Article| May 01 1993 Catalytic RNA: Structure and Mechanism Thomas R. Cech Thomas R. Cech 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309–0215, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (2): 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210229 Article history Received: November 11 1992 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Thomas R. Cech; Catalytic RNA: Structure and Mechanism. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1993; 21 (2): 229–234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: E, ribozyme, IVS, intervening sequence, P, product of ribozyme-catalysed cleavage consisting of nucleotides 5′ to the cleavage site, S, nucleic acid substrate, sn RNAs, small nuclear RNAs This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Snail Induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Cells Is Accompanied by MUC1 Repression andZEB1 Expression (2002)

E-cadherin protein plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of adherent junctions. Recent evidence implicates the transcription factor Snail in the blockage of E-cadherin expression in fibroblasts and some epithelial tumor cells through direct binding to three E-boxes in the E-cadherin promoter. Transfection of Snail into epithelial cells leads to a more fibroblastic phenotype. Cells expressing Snail presented a scattered flattened phenotype with low intercellular contacts. Other epithelial markers like Cytokeratin 18 or MUC1 were also repressed. The effects of Snail on MUC1 transcription were mediated by two E-boxes present in the proximal promoter. Snail also induced expression of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin and LEF1 and the transcription repressor ZEB1. ZEB1 and Snail had a similar pattern of expression in epithelial cell lines, and both were induced by overexpression of ILK1, a kinase that causes the loss of E-cadherin and the acquisition of a fibroblastic phenotype. Snail overexpression in several cell lines raised ZEB1 RNA levels and increased the activity of ZEB1 promoter. ZEB1 could also repress E-cadherin and MUC1 promoters but less strongly than Snail. However, since ZEB1 expression persisted after Snail was down-regulated, ZEB1 may regulate epithelial genes in several tumor cell lines.
Estrogen-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the cerebral cortex of estrogen receptor-alpha knock-out mice. (2000)

We have shown previously in the developing cerebral cortex that estrogen elicits the rapid and sustained activation of multiple signaling proteins within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, including B-Raf and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Using estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene-disrupted (ERKO) mice, we addressed the role of ER-alpha in mediating this action of estrogen in the brain. 17beta-Estradiol increased B-Raf activity and MEK (MAP kinase/ERK kinase)-dependent ERK phosphorylation in cerebral cortical explants derived from both ERKO and their wild-type littermates. The ERK response was stronger in ERKO-derived cultures but, unlike that of wild-type cultures, was not blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Surprisingly, both the ER-alpha selective ligand 16alpha-iodo-17beta-estradiol and the ER-beta selective ligand genistein failed to elicit ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that a different mechanism or receptor may mediate estrogen-induced ERK phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex. Interestingly, the transcriptionally inactive stereoisomer 17alpha-estradiol did elicit a strong induction of ERK phosphorylation, which, together with the inability of the ER-alpha- and ER-beta-selective ligands to elicit ERK phosphorylation, and of ICI 182,780 to block the actions of estradiol in ERKO cultures, supports the hypothesis that a novel, estradiol-sensitive and ICI-insensitive estrogen receptor may mediate 17beta-estradiol-induced activation of ERK in the brain.
INDUCTIVE MODELING FOR DATA COMPRESSION (1987)

The modern paradigm for data compression is modeling followed by coding. Within this paradigm the problem of optimal coding with respect to a model is fully solved. Inductive modeling techniques used for compression operate despite considerable noise, employ positive examples only, and yet effectively identify sources of the kind that are encountered in practice. The problem of data compression provides an excellent test-bed for inductive modeling. It allows one to assess the merits of adaptive as opposed to non-adaptive approaches. For example, it can be shown that the penalty incurred by adaptation is less than the cost of transmitting an explicit model for the source. It also illustrates that modeling criteria such as "identification in the limit" may be inappropriate because typical sources have time-varying characteristics. In practice speed of convergence is just as important as asymptotic performance.
Signal Amplification and Detection via a Supramolecular Allosteric Catalyst (2005)

The design of a supramolecular allosteric catalyst system for catalytic signal amplification and detection is presented. The catalyst was switched "on" by the introduction of an analyte that also behaves as an allosteric activator. Concentrations of Cl- ions as low as 800 nM were catalytically amplified and detected. The signal was transduced via a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe and observed visually using a laboratory, handheld UV lamp and by spectrophotometry. Furthermore, the allosteric effect was quantified using gas chromatography for a range of Cl- concentrations. This three-part detection scheme involving analyte binding, allosteric catalyst activation, and signal transduction represents a new approach to small-molecule detection.