gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Plant Introductions with Resistance to the Soybean Aphid (2008)

The soybean aphid (SA; Aphis glycines Matsumura) was first found in the northern soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing regions of the United States in 2000. By 2005, the aphids had spread to 23 soybean growing states reaching as far south as Mississippi and Georgia and also north into Ontario, Canada. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the SA. Nearly 200 soybean genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions [PIs]) were screened for resistance to SA in a greenhouse choice test using SA collected in Wooster, OH. Three PIs (PI 243540, PI 567301B, and PI 567324) were identified as resistant while six PIs were identified as moderately resistant. The findings on the three resistant and three of the six moderately resistant PIs were confirmed through further field and greenhouse tests. PI 243540 displayed strong antibiosis resistance such that SA was unable to survive on this PI in a no‐choice test. The other two resistant PIs possessed mainly antixenosis type resistance. PI 243540 and PI 567301B were also resistant to the SA collection from Illinois. The aphid resistant PIs identified in this study will be useful in efforts to develop aphid‐resistant soybean cultivars.
Assessing gustatory detection capabilities using preference procedures (1989)

Journal Article Assessing gustatory detection capabilities using preference procedures Get access David B. Harder, David B. Harder Department of Psychology, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL 32306-1051, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John C. Maggio, John C. Maggio Department of Psychology, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL 32306-1051, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glayde Whitney Glayde Whitney Department of Psychology, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL 32306-1051, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chemical Senses, Volume 14, Issue 4, August 1989, Pages 547–564, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/14.4.547 Published: 01 August 1989 Article history Received: 26 September 1988 Accepted: 10 May 1989 Published: 01 August 1989
Penetration Enhancement of Topical Formulations (2018)

This special issue, which is entitled &ldquo;Penetration Enhancement of Topical Formulations&rdquo;, presents a selection of the latest research that elucidates the challenges facing topical formulations for human skin in addition to proposing interesting solutions.[&hellip;].
Molecular Beacons: A Novel Optical Diagnostic Tool (2013)

As a result of the efforts of the Human Genome Project and the rise in demand for molecular diagnostic assays, the development and optimization of novel hybridization probes have focused on speed, reliability, and accuracy in the identification of nucleic acids. Molecular beacons (MBs) are single-stranded, fluorophore-labeled nucleic acid probes that are capable of generating a fluorescent signal in the presence of target, but are dark in the absence of target. Because of the high specificity and sensitivity characteristics, MBs have been used in variety of fields. In this review, MBs are introduced and discussed as diagnostic tools in four sections: several technologies of MBs will be illustrated primarily; the limitation of MBs next; the third part is new fashions of MBs; and the last one is to present the application of MBs in disease diagnosis.
Half versus full vacuum suction drainage after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer- a prospective randomized clinical trial[ISRCTN24484328] (2005)

Half negative suction drains provide an effective compromise between no suction and full or high suction drainage after modified radical mastectomy by reducing the hospital stay and the post operative morbidity including post operative seromas.
Multi-resolution access control algorithm based on fractal coding (2002)

This paper presents, a new technique for compression and secure image coding that is based on the iterated function system (IFS). A multi-resolution access control algorithm based on the convergence control of an iterative image reconstruction process is investigated. For multimedia applications an icon representation of low image quality is extracted directly from the encrypted data flow thanks to the partial self-affinity properties inherent to the local-IFS. The robustness of our scheme is due to the inherent high correlation of image data and to the non-linear decoding process.
The Perceptive Workbench: toward spontaneous and natural interaction in semi-immersive virtual environments (2002)

The Perceptive Workbench enables a spontaneous, natural and unimpeded interface between the physical and virtual worlds. It uses vision-based methods for interaction that eliminate the need for wired input devices and wired tracking. Objects are recognized and tracked when placed on the display surface. Through the use of multiple light sources, the object's 3D shape can be captured and inserted into the virtual interface. This ability permits spontaneity since either preloaded objects or those objects selected on-the-spot by the user can become physical icons. Integrated into the same vision-based interface is the ability to identify 3D hand position, pointing direction and sweeping arm gestures. Such gestures can enhance selection, manipulation and navigation tasks. In this paper, the Perceptive Workbench is used for augmented reality gaming and terrain navigation applications, which demonstrate the utility and capability of the interface.
Voltage harmonic distortion measurements using capacitive voltage transformers (2002)

This paper investigates the application of capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) for harmonic distortion measurements. Measured and simulated frequency responses are given for the voltage transformation ratio and the transconductance ratio of the capacitive divider ground return current and the high voltage input signal of a 400 kV CVT. The frequency response of the transconductance ratio is shown to be linear and easily predictable for the harmonic frequency band, i.e. from the rated frequency of the device to approximately 2.5 kHz. This is explained with reference to the reactance of the intermediate voltage capacitor and the input impedance of the electromagnetic unit. The results are verified by simulations for a 138 kV CVT, using the equivalent circuit model and parameter values presented in a recent EPRI study. Practical application of the results for the measurement of voltage harmonic distortion is subsequently discussed.
The combined effects of trkB and trkC mutations on the innervation of the inner ear (1998)

Previous research has demonstrated that only the two neurotrophins and their cognate receptors are necessary for the support of the inner ear innervation. However, detailed analyses of patterns of innervation in various combinations of neurotrophin receptor mutants are lacking. We provide here such an analysis of the distribution of afferent and efferent fibers to the ear in various combinations of neurotrophin receptor mutants using the lipophilic tracer Dil. In the vestibular system, trkC+/- heterozygosity aggravates the trkB-/- mutation effect and causes almost complete loss of vestibular neurons. In the cochlea innervation, various mutations are each characterized by specific topological absence of spiral neurons in Rosenthal's canal of the cochlea. trkC-/- mutation alone or in combination with trkB+/- heterozygosity causes absence of all basal turn spiral neurons and afferent fibers extend from the middle turn to the basal turn along inner hair cells with little or no contribution to outer hair cells. Both types of basal turn spiral neurons appear to develop and project via radial fibers to inner and, more sparingly, outer hair cells. Simple trkB-/- mutations show a reduction of fibers to outer hair cells in the apex and, less obvious, in the basal turn. Basal turn spiral neurons may be the only neurons present at birth in the cochlea of a trkB-/- mutant mouse combined with trkC+/- heterozygosity. In addition, the trkB-/- mutation combined with trkC+/- heterozygosity has a patchy and variable loss of middle turn spiral neurons in mice of different litters. Comparisons of patterns of innervation of afferent and efferent fibers show a striking similarity of absence of fibers to topologically corresponding areas. For example, in trkC-/- mutants afferents reach the basal turn, spiraling along the cochlea, rather than through radial fibers and efferent fibers follow the same pathway rather than emanating from intraganglionic spiral fibers. The data presented suggest that there are regional specific effects with some bias towards a specific spiral ganglion type: trkC is essential for support of basal turn spiral neurons whereas trkB appears to be more important for middle and apical turn spiral neurons.
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11 (1991)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb 4E8C12) specific for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O26:H11 was produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a rough strain of E. coli O157:H7. The antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of E. coli O157:H7. No cross-reactivity was observed with strains of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus spp., Escherichia hermanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Campylobacter jejuni, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alvei, Aeromonas hydrophila, and all except five strains of E. coli other than serotype O157:H7 (including strains of serotype O157 but not H7). The E. coli strains (all of serotype O26:H11) that reacted with the antibody were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) that were isolated from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome or hemorrhagic colitis and produced verotoxin similar to that of E. coli O157:H7. MAb 4E8C12 belongs to the subclass immunoglobulin G2a and has a kappa light chain. Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of outer membrane proteins of E. coli of different serotypes followed by Western immunoblot analysis revealed that MAb 4E8C12 reacted specifically with two proteins of EHEC strains of serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11 with apparent molecular weights of 5,000 to 6,000. These proteins appeared to be markers specific for EHEC strains of serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11. This MAb, because of its specificity, may be a useful reagent of an immunoassay for the rapid detection of these types of EHEC isolates in clinical and food specimens.
Online multiple classifier boosting for object tracking (2010)

This paper presents a new online multi-classifier boosting algorithm for learning object appearance models. In many cases the appearance model is multi-modal, which we capture by training and updating multiple strong classifiers. The proposed algorithm jointly learns the classifiers and a soft partitioning of the input space, defining an area of expertise for each classifier. We show how this formulation improves the specificity of the strong classifiers, allowing simultaneous location and pose estimation in a tracking task. The proposed online scheme iteratively adapts the classifiers during tracking. Experiments show that the algorithm successfully learns multi-modal appearance models during a short initial training phase, subsequently updating them for tracking an object under rapid appearance changes.
Phylogenetic Comparison of the DEN-2 Mexican Isolate with Other Flaviviruses (2000)

Recent attention has focused on the geographic variation of dengue viruses, since major epidemies may follow introduction of a new virus strain into susceptible populations. We cloned and sequenced a very interesting Mexican isolate (200787/1983) which is antigenically unique by signature analysis with respect to all other dengue-2 topotype viruses. This strain is also unique in biological behavior (neurotropism) and is of epidemiological significance in Mexico. The dengue-2 Mexican isolate sequence information was compared with that of other flaviviruses, analyzing the branching structure of the phylogenetic tree reconstructed from the E gene amino acid sequences. The E glycoprotein, is target for neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses, and defines the tropism and virulence of flaviviruses. In the phylogram, our strain was located in the position of greatest dissimilarity within serotype-2. Also, frequency analysis of amino acids revealed a very different signature pattern from that found in viral serotype-2.
Role of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase and clumping factor in pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis (1995)

The pathogenic role of staphylococcal coagulase and clumping factor was investigated in the rat model of endocarditis. The coagulase-producing and clumping factor-producing parent strain Staphylococcus aureus Newman and a series of mutants defective in either coagulase, clumping factor, or both were tested for their ability (i) to attach in vitro to either rat fibrinogen or platelet-fibrin clots and (ii) to produce endocarditis in rats with catheter-induced aortic vegetations. In vitro, the clumping factor-defective mutants were up to 100 times less able than the wild type strain to attach to fibrinogen and also significantly less adherent than the parents to platelet-fibrin clots. Coagulase-defective mutants, in contrast, were not altered in their in vitro adherence phenotype. The rate of in vivo infection was inoculum dependent. Clumping factor-defective mutants produced ca. 50% less endocarditis than the parent organisms when injected at inoculum sizes infecting, respectively, 40 and 80% (ID40 and ID80, respectively) of rats with the wild-type strain. This was a trend at the ID40 but was statistically significant at the ID80 (P < 0.05). Coagulase-defective bacteria were not affected in their infectivity. Complementation of a clumping factor-defective mutant with a copy of the wild-type clumping factor gene restored both its in vitro adherence and its in vivo infectivity. These results show that clumping factor plays a specific role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus endocarditis. Nevertheless, the rate of endocarditis with clumping factor-defective mutants increased with larger inocula, indicating the contribution of additional pathogenic determinants in the infective process.
High Performance Fortran Compilation Techniques for Parallelizing Scientific Codes (1998)

With current compilers for High Performance Fortran (HPF), substantial restructuring and hand- optimization may be required to obtain acceptable performance from an HPF port of an existing Fortran application. A key goal of the Rice dHPF compiler project is to develop optimization techniques that can provide consistently high performance for a broad spectrum of scientific applications with minimal restructuring of existing Fortran 77 or Fortran 90 applications. This paper presents four new optimization techniques we developed to support efficient parallelization of codes with minimal restructuring. These optimizations include computation partition selection for loop nests that use privatizable arrays, along with partial replication of boundary computations to reduce communication overhead; communication- sensitive loop distribution to eliminate inner-loop communications; interprocedural selection of computation partitions; and data availability analysis to eliminate redundant communications. We studied the effectiveness of the dHPF compiler, which incorporates these optimizations, in parallelizing serial versions of the NAS SP and BT application benchmarks. We present experimental results comparing the performance of hand-written MPI code for the benchmarks against code generated from HPF using the dHPF compiler and the Portland Group's pghpf compiler. Using the compilation techniques described in this paper we achieve performance within 15% of hand-written MPI code on 25 processors for BT and within 33% for SP. Furthermore, these results are obtained with HPF versions of the benchmarks that were created with minimal restructuring of the serial code (modifying only approximately 5% of the code).
Structural diversity of target-specific homopyrimidine peptide nucleic acid–dsDNA complexes (2006)

Sequence-selective recognition of double-stranded (ds) DNA by homopyrimidine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers can occur by major groove triplex binding or by helix invasion via triplex P-loop formation. We have compared the binding of a decamer, a dodecamer and a pentadecamer thymine-cytosine homopyrimidine PNA oligomer to a sequence complementary homopurine target in duplex DNA using gel-shift and chemical probing analyses. We find that all three PNAs form stable triplex invasion complexes, and also conventional triplexes with the dsDNA target. Triplexes form with much faster kinetics than invasion complexes and prevail at lower PNA concentrations and at shorter incubation times. Furthermore, increasing the ionic strength strongly favour triplex formation over invasion as the latter is severely inhibited by cations. Whereas a single triplex invasion complex is formed with the decameric PNA, two structurally different target-specific invasion complexes were characterized for the dodecameric PNA and more than five for the pentadecameric PNA. Finally, it is shown that isolated triplex complexes can be converted to specific invasion complexes without dissociation of the Hoogsteen base-paired triplex PNA. These result demonstrate a clear example of a 'triplex first' mechanism for PNA helix invasion.
Electrically-alterable memory using a dual electron injector structure (1980)

A novel type of electrically-alterable memory which uses the phenomenon of enhanced electron injection into SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> from Si-rich SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> to charge or discharge a floating polycrystalline Si storage layer in a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor is described. This non-volatile memory differs from others using floating polycrystalline Si in the charging or discharging process. This improvement is accomplished by using a chemically-vapor-deposited stack of Si-rich-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Si-rich-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> between the floating polycrystalline Si layer and the control gate electrode. This device is capable of being written or erased in 5 msec at voltages of ≤ 16 V and in 2 µsec at voltages ≤ 23 V with excellent charge retention.
LID기반 투수성 포장구조체에서의 내구성 개선을 위한 포장보강 그리드 적용성에 대한 연구 (2015)

현대의 이상기후변화에 따른 국지성 집중호우로 도심 침수피해가 자주 발생하고 있으며, 특히 중소하천변이나 저지대지역에서는 심각한 홍수재해로 확대되어 많은 인명피해와 도시인프라의 손실을 가져오고 있다. 지역개발 사업에 의한 도시화로 인하여 녹지공간이 줄고 시가지 택지ㆍ도시건축물 건설과 차도ㆍ보도포장 조성은 불투수층 비율을 높여, 이로 인해 호우시지표유출량과...
An in vitro adherence assay reveals that Helicobacter pylori exhibits cell lineage-specific tropism in the human gastric epithelium. (1993)

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach of asymptomatic humans as well as patients with acid peptic disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. We have developed an in situ adherence assay to examine the cell lineage-specific nature of binding of this organism and to characterize the nature of cell surface receptors that recognize its adhesin. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled H. pylori strains were bound to surface mucous cells present in the pit region of human and rat gastric units but not to mucous neck, parietal, or chief cell lineages present in the glandular domains of these units. Binding was abolished by proteinase K treatment of tissue sections and by pretreatment of the bacteria with bovine submaxillary gland mucin, a rich source of fucosylated and sialylated carbohydrates. Several lines of evidence suggest that binding to surface mucous cells is not dependent upon terminal nonsubstituted alpha 2,3- and alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids in the adhesin receptor: (i) binding was not inhibited by incubating H. pylori strains with sialylated glycoconjugates such as fetuin and free sialyllactose; (ii) immunohistochemical stainings using the sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra and Maackia amurensis lectins and the cholera toxin B subunit did not detect any sialylated glycoconjugates in these epithelial cells; and (iii) binding was not sensitive to metaperiodate under conditions that selectively cleaved carbons 8 and 9 of terminal nonmodified sialic acids. A role for fucosylated epitopes in the glycoprotein(s) that mediate binding of H. pylori to surface mucous cells was suggested by the facts that this lineage coexpresses the adhesin receptor and major fucosylated histo-blood group antigens, that monoclonal antibodies specific for histo-blood group antigens H, B, and Leb block binding, and that the lectin Ulex europaeus type 1 agglutinin, which is specific for alpha-L-fucose, also bound to the same cells that bound the bacteria. Furthermore, human colostrum secretory IgA inhibited adhesion in a metaperiodate- and alpha-L-fucosidase-sensitive but neuraminidase-independent fashion. The in situ adherence assay should be useful in further characterizing the H. pylori adhesin and its receptor and for identifying therapeutically useful compounds that inhibit strain-specific and cell lineage-specific binding of this human pathogen.
Monophone-Based Background Modeling for Two-Stage On-Device Wake Word Detection (2018)

Accurate on-device wake word detection is crucial to products with far-field voice control such as the Amazon Echo. It is quite challenging to build a wake word system with both low False Reject Rate (FRR) and low False Alarm Rate (FAR) in real scenarios where there are various types of background speech, music or noise, especially when computational resources on the device is limited. In this paper, we introduce a two-stage wake word system based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) acoustic modeling, propose a new way to model the non-keyword background events using monophone-based units and present how richer information can be extracted from those monophone units for final wake word detection. Under the new system, we could get around 16% relative reduction in FRR when fixing the false alarm level, and about 37% relative reduction in FAR on the other hand if we maintain the miss rate. For the 2nd stage classifier itself, it is able to reduce the false alarm rate relatively by about 67% on top of 1st stage hypothesis with very few computational resources.