gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of somatization in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (2012)

NCGS patients did not exhibit a tendency for general somatization. Personality and quality of life did not differ between NCGS and CD patients, and were mostly at the same level as in healthy controls. NCGS patients reported more symptoms than CD patients after gluten challenge.
Biological effects of various regimes of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcidiol) administration on bone mineral metabolism in postmenopausal women. (2009)

Introduction. It is evident from several studies that vitamin D inadequacy is widespread among women with osteoporosis across all continents regardless of season or latitude, with similar prevalence in patients treated for osteoporosis and in untreated women. These results underscore a need to improve physician and patient awareness of the importance of adequate vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Materials and Methods. As the daily administration of vitamin D combined with 1 gr calcium is hampered by an insufficient patient adherence, we performed a longitudinal study in 90 randomly recruited postmenopausal women aged 65-75 years with inadequate calcium intake and circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (lower than 30 ng/mL). The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone > 65 pg/mL) was 36% in the all population. The possible repercussion of oral single weekly or monthly calcidiol administration on phospho-calcium metabolism was observed after three months treatment (from April through July) with 500 mg calcium daily and with three different therapeutic regimens of calcidiol (Group I: 25 drops weekly; Group II: 50 drops monthly; and Group III: 100 drops monthly). The general baseline characteristics of the three groups were superimposable. We measured fasting morning serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, bone alkaline phosphatase, urinary deoxypyridinoline, and 24hr-calcium, - phosphate, and - creatinine.Results. The adherence to the weekly calcidiol treatment was over 80% in 90% of the patients. All three therapeutic regimens of calcidiol led to normalization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 after 3 months, yet with a significantly higher potency (P >0.01) of regimens I and III, when compared to Group II. Also the decrease of circulating levels of parathyroid hormone was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in Groups I and III versus Group II. No biochemically and clinically relevant adverse effects were observed at the end of the 90-day follow-up.ConclusionsIn postmenopausal women with inadequate circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, calcium and pulsed calcidiol supplementation normalized 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and reduced circulating parathyroid hormone levels.
Cx43 Mediates TGF-β Signaling through Competitive Smads Binding to Microtubules (2007)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members play an important role in growth, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and development in many species from insects and worms to vertebrates. Recently, TGF-beta signaling has been demonstrated to be negatively regulated by microtubules (MTs), which anchor endogenous Smad2/3 to cytosol and also directly interact with connexin43 (Cx43), and the activity of TGF-beta is mediated by Cx43. However, the mechanism underlying the intracellular regulation of TGF-beta activity by Cx43 remains unknown. Here, we found that the functional link between TGF-beta activation and Cx43 is mediated by interactions among Smad2/3, MTs, and Cx43. We confirmed that Cx43 competes with Smad2/3 for binding to MTs, which Cx43 specifically induces release of Smad2/3 from MTs and increases phospho-Smad2 and which, as a result, Smad2/3 and Smad4 are accumulated in the nucleus, leading to activation of the transcription of target genes. Consistently, knockdown of the endogenous Cx43 activity with double-strand RNA (dsRNA) in HL1 cardiomyocytes and Cx43 knockout mice cardiomyocytes consistently show the opposite effect. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for Cx43 positive regulation of TGF-beta function.
Highlights of this issue (2001)

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Multiple Glassy States in a Simple Model System (2002)

Experiments, theory, and simulation were used to study glass formation in a simple model system composed of hard spheres with short-range attraction ("sticky hard spheres"). The experiments, using well-characterized colloids, revealed a reentrant glass transition line. Mode-coupling theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the reentrance is due to the existence of two qualitatively different glassy states: one dominated by repulsion (with structural arrest due to caging) and the other by attraction (with structural arrest due to bonding). This picture is consistent with a study of the particle dynamics in the colloid using dynamic light scattering.
Uniprocessor performance enhancement through adaptive clock frequency control (2005)

Uniprocessor designs have always assumed worst-case operating conditions to set the operating clock frequency and, hence, performance. However, much more performance can be obtained under typical operating conditions through experimentation, but such increased frequency operation is subject to the possibility of system failure and, hence, data loss/corruption. Further, mobile CPUs such as those in cell phones/Internet browsers do not adapt to their current surroundings (varying temperature conditions, etc.) so as to increase or decrease operating frequency to maximize performance and/or allow operation under extreme conditions. We present a digital hardware design technique realizing adaptive clock-frequency performance-enhancing digital hardware; the technique can be tuned to approximate performance maximization. The cost is low and the design is straightforward. Experiments are presented evaluating such a design in a pipelined uniprocessor realized in a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
Robot control using neural networks (1988)

Neural network theory is applied to theoretical robot kinematics to learn accuracy transforms. The network is trained on accuracy data that characterize the actual robot kinematics. The network learns the differences in the joint angles to improve the accuracy between the effector endpoint resulting from the theoretically calculated joint angles and the desired endpoint. The trained network generalizes a stationary vector field of accuracy data in a two-dimensional planar region. Results show that a neural network can increase both the accuracy and the positional repeatability of robots. Application of a neural network reduces required computational power, calibration time, maintenance cost, and engineering time when developing controllers for new robots by its emergent generalization, fault-tolerant, and self-organization properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterizing Vascular Parameters in Hypoxic Regions: A Combined Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging Study of a Human Prostate Cancer Model (2006)

The integration of imaging technologies with the capabilities of genetic engineering has created novel opportunities for understanding and imaging cancer. Here, we have combined vascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging to understand the relationship between hypoxia and vascularization in a human prostate cancer model engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under hypoxia. Characterization and validation of EGFP expression under hypoxic conditions was done in culture and in solid tumors in vivo. MRI measurements showed that vascular volume was significantly lower in fluorescing regions. These regions also frequently exhibited high permeability. These data were further supported by the detection of low vessel density in EGFP-positive regions, as determined by the distribution of intravascularly administered, fluorescence-labeled Lycopersicon esculentum lectin in frozen tumor sections. These observations are consistent with the possibility that regions of low vascular volumes are hypoxic, which induces increased expression of functionally active vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent vascular permeability factor.
A nanoparticle formulation that selectively transfects metastatic tumors in mice (2013)

Nanoparticle gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of malignant disease in light of the large number of potent, tumor-specific therapeutic payloads potentially available for delivery. To be effective, gene therapy vehicles must be able to deliver their therapeutic payloads to metastatic lesions after systemic administration. Here we describe nanoparticles comprised of a core of high molecular weight linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) complexed with DNA and surrounded by a shell of polyethyleneglycol-modified (PEGylated) low molecular weight LPEI. Compared with a state-of-the-art commercially available in vivo gene delivery formulation, i.v. delivery of the core/PEGylated shell (CPS) nanoparticles provided more than a 16,000-fold increase in the ratio of tumor to nontumor transfection. The vast majority of examined liver and lung metastases derived from a colorectal cancer cell line showed transgene expression after i.v. CPS injection in an animal model of metastasis. Histological examination of tissues from transfected mice revealed that the CPS nanoparticles selectively transfected neoplastic cells rather than stromal cells within primary and metastatic tumors. However, only a small fraction of neoplastic cells (<1%) expressed the transgene, and the extent of delivery varied with the tumor cell line, tumor site, and host mouse strain used. Our results demonstrate that these CPS nanoparticles offer substantial advantages over previously described formulations for in vivo nanoparticle gene therapeutics. At the same time, they illustrate that major increases in the effectiveness of such approaches are needed for utility in patients with metastatic cancer.
Synthesis and electroluminescence properties of highly efficient blue fluorescence emitters using dual core chromophores (2012)

We describe two novel blue emission materials based on a new type of dual core concept. 1-Phenyl-6-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-pyrene (Ph-AP-Ph) and 1-[1,1′;3′,1′′]terphenyl-5′-yl-6-(10-[1,1′;3′,1′′]terphenyl-5′-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-pyrene (TP-AP-TP) were synthesized through boronylation and Suzuki coupling reactions. The Tg values of Ph-AP-Ph and TP-AP-TP were 228 °C and 243 °C, respectively, compared to values of 135 °C and 139 °C for the single core materials 9-(3′,5′-diphenylphenyl)-10-(3′′′,5′′′-diphenylbiphenyl-4′′-yl)anthracene (MAM) and 1,6-bis-[1,1′;3′,1′′]terphenyl-5′-yl-pyrene (TP-P-TP). One of the dual core derivatives, TP-AP-TP, exhibited an ELmax value of 456 nm and a high luminance EQE of 7.51% when used in an EL device. The dual core chromophore materials had narrower PL and EL spectra and better thermal properties than the single core chromophore materials. A device based on TP-AP-TP showed twice the lifetime of a device based on the commercialized material, 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN).
Chaperone Properties of the Bacterial Periplasmic Substrate-binding Proteins (1997)

Bacterial periplasmic substrate-binding proteins are initial receptors in the process of active transport across cell membranes and/or chemotaxis. Each of them binds a specific substrate (e.g. sugar, amino acid, or ion) with high affinity. For transport, each binding protein interacts with a cognate membrane complex consisting of two hydrophobic proteins and two subunits of a hydrophilic ATPase. For chemotaxis, binding proteins interact with specific membrane chemotaxis receptors. We report, herewith, that the oligopeptide-binding protein OppA of Escherichia coli, the maltose-binding protein MalE of E. coli, and the galactose-binding protein MglB of Salmonella typhimurium interact with unfolded and denatured proteins, such as the molecular chaperones that are involved in protein folding and protein renaturation after stress. These periplasmic substrate-binding proteins promote the functional folding of citrate synthase and alpha-glucosidase after urea denaturation. They prevent the aggregation of citrate synthase under heat shock conditions, and they form stable complexes with several unfolded proteins, such as reduced carboxymethyl alpha-lactalbumin and unfolded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. These chaperone-like functions are displayed by both the liganded and ligand-free forms of binding proteins, and they occur at binding protein concentrations that are 10-100-fold lower than their periplasmic concentration. These results suggest that bacterial periplasmic substrate-binding proteins, in addition to their function in transport and chemotaxis, might be implicated in protein folding and protection from stress in the periplasm.
The current therapy of multiple sclerosis (1993)

The mainstay of treatment for multiple sclerosis in the U.K., and worldwide, remains corticosteroid therapy. High-dose pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone is currently the most favoured agent for acute exacerbations or a sudden acceleration in clinical course. Many patients who follow a more insidious decline rely on symptomatic treatments designed to ameliorate the chronic symptoms associated with their condition. Attempts to influence disease progression using a wide range of immune-modulating agents have not to date been of sufficient clinical benefit to justify their routine usage. With increasing understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms future treatments are being more specifically directed toward disease prevention.
Birthdating of myenteric neuron subtypes in the small intestine of the mouse (2013)

There are many different types of enteric neurons. Previous studies have identified the time at which some enteric neuron subtypes are born (exit the cell cycle) in the mouse, but the birthdates of some major enteric neuron subtypes are still incompletely characterized or unknown. We combined 5-ethynynl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with antibody markers that identify myenteric neuron subtypes to determine when neuron subtypes are born in the mouse small intestine. We found that different neurochemical classes of enteric neuron differed in their birthdates; serotonin neurons were born first with peak cell cycle exit at E11.5, followed by neurofilament-M neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons (peak cell cycle exit for both at embryonic day [E]12.5-E13.5), tyrosine hydroxylase neurons (E15.5), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) neurons (E15.5), and calretinin neurons (postnatal day [P]0). The vast majority of myenteric neurons had exited the cell cycle by P10. We did not observe any EdU+/NOS1+ myenteric neurons in the small intestine of adult mice following EdU injection at E10.5 or E11.5, which was unexpected, as previous studies have shown that NOS1 neurons are present in E11.5 mice. Studies using the proliferation marker Ki67 revealed that very few NOS1 neurons in the E11.5 and E12.5 gut were proliferating. However, Cre-lox-based genetic fate-mapping revealed a small subpopulation of myenteric neurons that appears to express NOS1 only transiently. Together, our results confirm a relationship between enteric neuron subtype and birthdate, and suggest that some enteric neurons exhibit neurochemical phenotypes during development that are different from their mature phenotype.
The Göttingen Minipig in Pharmacology and Toxicology (1997)

Pigs traditionally are used in surgical and physiological research. Since the development of the Minnesota minipig in 1949 at the Hormel Institute (USA), miniature pigs have been introduced as a model in pharmacology and toxicology, because of scientific, economic and ethical reasons.
Functional Nature of Electrogram Fractionation Demonstrated by Left Atrial High-Density Mapping (2012)

The distribution of fractionated EGMs is highly variable, depending on direction and rate of activation (SR versus CSp versus AF). Fractionation in SR and CSp rhythms mostly resulted from wave collision. All sites with continuous fractionation in AF displayed normal voltage in SR, suggesting absence of structural scar. Thus, many fractionated EGMs are functional in nature, and their sites dynamic.
Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses (2004)

Enterovirus (EV) 68 was originally isolated in California in 1962 from four children with respiratory illness. Since that time, reports of EV68 isolation have been very uncommon. Between 1989 and 2003, 12 additional EV68 clinical isolates were identified and characterized, all of which were obtained from respiratory specimens of patients with respiratory tract illnesses. No EV68 isolates from enteric specimens have been identified from these same laboratories. These recent isolates, as well as the original California strains and human rhinovirus (HRV) 87 (recently shown to be an isolate of EV68 and distinct from the other human rhinoviruses), were compared by partial nucleotide sequencing in three genomic regions (partial sequencing of the 5'-non-translated region and 3D polymerase gene, and complete sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene). The EV68 isolates, including HRV87, were monophyletic in all three regions of the genome. EV68 isolates and HRV87 grew poorly at 37 degrees C relative to growth at 33 degrees C and their titres were reduced by incubation at pH 3.0, whereas the control enterovirus, echovirus 11, grew equally well at 33 and 37 degrees C and its titre was not affected by treatment at pH 3.0. Acid lability and a lower optimum growth temperature are characteristic features of the human rhinoviruses. It is concluded that EV68 is primarily an agent of respiratory disease and that it shares important biological and molecular properties with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses.
Immunopharmacology of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Ribavirin (2004)

To investigate their potential mechanisms of action, the nucleoside analogue ribavirin and a TLR9 agonist were compared. The CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) demonstrated strong TLR9-related Th1-type effects, and ribavirin appeared only to mediate signaling in TLR-transfected cells. CpG ODN represent a promising new type of therapeutic drug for hepatitis C or other infectious diseases.
Controlling cell destruction using dielectrophoretic forces (2005)

Measurements are reported of the main factors, namely the AC voltage frequency and magnitude, that were observed to influence the number of cells destroyed during dielectrophoresis (DEP) experiments on Jurkat T cells and HL60 leukemia cells. Microelectrodes of interdigitated and quadrupolar geometries were used. A field-frequency window has been identified that should be either avoided or utilised, depending on whether or not cell damage is to be minimised or is a desired objective. The width and location of this frequency window depends on the cell type, as defined by cell size, morphology and dielectric properties, and is bounded by two characteristic frequencies. These frequencies are the DEP cross-over frequency, where a cell makes the transition from negative to positive DEP, and a frequency determined by the time constant that controls the frequency dependence of the field induced across the cell membrane. When operating in this frequency window, and for the microelectrode designs used in this work, cell destruction can be minimised by ensuring that cells are not directed by positive DEP to electrode edges where fields exceeding 30-40 kV/m are generated. Alternatively, this field-frequency window can be exploited to selectively destroy specific cell types in a cell mixture.
Isolation of T-Cell Subsets by Magnetic Cell Sorting (MACS) (2003)

T cells are defined by the expression of CD3 molecules on the cell surface in association with the T-cell receptor (TCR) to form the TCR/CD3 complex. Within the CD3+ cell population there are two main subsets identified by the expression of CD4 (CD4+ T cells) and CD8 (CD8+ T cells) cell surface molecules. In addition, there is a small percentage of CD3+ T cells which are either negative for both CD4 and CD8 (CD4−CD8−) or are double positive (CD4+CD8+).
Bence jones proteins: nature, metabolism, detection and significance. (1976)

The nature of Bence Jones proteins is developed by a review of the pertinent literature. This is followed by a discussion of their metabolism and catabolism under normal and abnormal clinical conditions. Various methods for the detection of Bence Jones proteins are critically reviewed and the significance of these proteins in various disorders is assessed.
Sn, a maize bHLH gene, modulates anthocyanin and condensed tannin pathways in Lotus corniculatus (2003)

Anthocyanins and condensed tannins are major flavonoid end-products in higher plants. While the transactivation of anthocyanins by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors is well documented, very little is known about the transregulation of the pathway to condensed tannins. The present study analyses the effect of over-expressing an Sn transgene in Lotus corniculatus, a model legume, with the aim of studying the regulation of anthocyanin and tannin end-products. Contrary to expectation, effects on anthocyanin accumulation were subtle and restricted to the leaf midrib, leaf base and petiole tissues. However, the accumulation of condensed tannin polymers was dramatically enhanced in the leaf blade and this increase was accompanied by a 50-fold increase in the number of tannin-containing cells in this tissue. A detailed analysis of selected lines indicated that this transactivational phenotype correlated with high steady-state transcript levels of the introduced transgene and the introduction of a single copy of the CaMV35S-Sn construct into these clonal genotypes. While the levels of condensed tannins in leaves were increased by up to 1% of the dry weight, other major secondary end-products (flavonols, lignins and inducible phytoalexins) were unaltered in transactivated lines. These results give an initial insight into the developmental and higher-order regulation of polyphenolic metabolism in Lotus and other higher plant species.
High Affinity, Paralog-Specific Recognition of the Mena EVH1 Domain by a Miniature Protein (2003)

Many protein domains involved in cell signaling contain or interact with proline-rich sequences, and the design of molecules that perturb signaling pathways represents a foremost goal of chemical biology. Previously we described a protein design strategy in which the well-folded alpha-helix in avian pancreatic polypeptide (aPP) presents short alpha-helical recognition epitopes. The miniature proteins designed in this way recognize even shallow protein clefts with high affinity and specificity. Here we show that the well-folded type-II polyproline helix in aPP can present the short PPII-helical recognition epitope within the ActA protein of Listeria monocytogenes. Like miniature proteins that use an alpha-helix for protein recognition, the miniature protein designed in this way displays high affinity for a natural ActA target, the EVH1 domain Mena1-112, and achieves the elusive goal of paralog specificity, discriminating well between EVH1 domains Mena1-112, VASP1-115, and Evl1-112. Most importantly, the miniature protein competed with ActA in Xenopus laevis egg cytoplasmic extracts, decreasing actin-dependent motility of L. monocytogenes and causing extreme speed variations and discontinuous tail formation. Our results suggest that miniature proteins based on aPP may represent an excellent framework for the design of ligands that differentiate the roles of EVH1 domains in vitro and in vivo.