gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prothrombin Is a Cofactor for the Binding of Factor XI to the Platelet Surface and for Platelet-Mediated Factor XI Activation by Thrombin (1998)

To study the physiological significance of thrombin as an initiator of intrinsic blood coagulation, activated human platelets were compared with dextran sulfate as a surface for thrombin-catalyzed factor XI activation. Activated gel-filtered platelets promoted factor XI activation by thrombin at initial rates 2-5-fold greater than dextran sulfate in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen (HK, 45 nM), ZnCl2 (25 microM), and CaCl2 (2 mM), conditions optimal for factor XI binding to platelets. Physiological concentrations of HK (636 nM) inhibited factor XI activation by thrombin in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was reversed by prothrombin (1-3 microM) and by prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2), but not by prothrombin fragment 1 (PF1). Since prothrombin and PF1.2 (but not PF1) also displaced HK from its binding site on the Apple 1 domain of factor XI, we conclude that the Kringle II domain of prothrombin competes with HK for binding to the Apple 1 domain of factor XI. Prothrombin (1-3 microM) and PF1.2 (but not PF1) in the presence of CaCl2 (2 mM) were able to replace HK (45 nM) in the presence of ZnCl2 (25 microM) as a cofactor for the specific, reversible, high-affinity (Kd approximately 25 nM) binding of factor XI to 947 +/- 150 sites per platelet. This binding is mediated by residues Asn 235-Arg 266 in the Apple 3 domain since a conformationally constrained, synthetic peptide analogue of this sequence inhibits both factor XI binding to activated platelets and platelet-mediated, thrombin-catalyzed factor XI activation in the presence of prothrombin and CaCl2. Finally, prothrombin (1.2 microM) and CaCl2 (2 mM) could substitute for HK (45 nM) and ZnCl2 (25 microM) in promoting optimal rates of thrombin-catalyzed factor XI activation on the platelet surface, thereby initiating the intrinsic coagulation pathway by mechanisms completely independent of the contact phase proteins, factor XII, HK, and prekallikrein.
Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis (2006)

We review transport characteristics of pressure-driven, multiphase flows through microchannel networks tens of nanometres to several hundred of micrometres wide with emphasis on conditions resulting in enhanced mixing and reduced axial dispersion. Dimensionless scaling parameters useful in characterizing multiphase flows are summarized along with experimental flow visualization techniques. Static and dynamic stability considerations are also included along with methods for stabilizing multiphase flows through surface modifications. Observed gas-liquid and immiscible liquid-liquid flows are summarized in terms of flow regime diagrams and the different flows are related to applications in chemistry and materials synthesis. Means to completely separate multiphase flows on the microscale and guidelines for design of scalable multiphase systems are also discussed.
Low dose pirfenidone suppresses transforming growth factor beta-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and protects rats from lung fibrosis induced by bleomycina. (2006)

Low dose pirfenidone, especially at dosage of 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), has significant anti-fibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone partially inhibits the enhancement of the expression of TGF-beta 1 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue.
Pembrolizumab as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

This review describes trials evaluating the monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (an immunotherapy that blocks the interaction between programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 and 2 [PD-L1/PD-L2]) as first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the Phase III KEYNOTE-024 study, pembrolizumab monotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (primary end point) and overall survival, and was associated with fewer adverse events compared with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC with PD-L1 expression on ≥50% of tumor cells. In cohort G of the Phase I/II KEYNOTE-021 study, pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin significantly improved objective response rate (primary end point) and progression-free survival versus pemetrexed and carboplatin alone, and had manageable toxicity in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. These results have changed first-line management of advanced NSCLC.
Design for high-power single-mode operation from 2-D surface-emitting ROW-DFB lasers (2005)

Stable single-mode single-lobe operation to high powers is predicted for two-dimensional surface-emitting lasers, if second-order distributed feedback/distributed Bragg reflector (DFB/DBR) gratings are preferentially placed in the elements of a resonant-optical-waveguide array. Beside their usual functions (i.e., feedback and outcoupling), the gratings act as an effective array-mode selector due to different interaction with the gratings of different array modes. The in-phase array mode is strongly favored to lase around its (lateral) resonance due to better field overlap with DFB region and lower interelement absorption loss than for nonresonant array modes. For 20-element arrays with 700/600 μm DFB/DBR gratings, emitting at /spl lambda/=0.98 μm, high (/spl sim/100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) intermodal discrimination /spl Delta/J/sub th/ is obtained. /spl Delta/J/sub th/ is enhanced to /spl sim/225 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by introducing free-carrier absorption in the array-interelement regions.
Coating Electrospun Collagen and Gelatin Fibers with Perlecan Domain I for Increased Growth Factor Binding (2007)

Electrospun natural polymer membranes were fabricated from collagen or gelatin coated with a bioactive recombinant fragment of perlecan, a natural heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The electrospinning process allowed the facile processing of a three-dimensional, porous fibril (2-6 microm in diameter) matrix suitable for tissue engineering. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that osteoblast-like MG63 cells infiltrated the depth of the electrospun membrane evenly without visible apoptosis. Tissue engineering scaffolds ideally mimic the extracellular matrix; therefore, the electrospun membrane must contain both structural and functional matrix features. Fibers were coated, after processing, with perlecan domain I (PlnDI) to improve binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), which binds to native heparan sulfate chains on PlnDI. PlnDI-coated electrospun collagen fibers were ten times more effective than heparin-BSA collagen fibers at binding FGF-2. Because FGF-2 modulates cell growth, differentiation, migration and survival, the ability to effectively bind FGF-2 to an electrospun matrix is a key improvement in creating a successful tissue engineering scaffold.
Long-term Clinical Outcomes and Biomarker Analyses of Atezolizumab Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01375842.
Variable Metastatic Potentials Correlate with Differential Plectin and Vimentin Expression in Syngeneic Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease, ranging from indolent asymptomatic disease to very aggressive metastatic and life threatening forms of the disease. Distant metastasis represents the major lethal cause of prostate cancer. The most critical clinical challenge in the management of the patients is identifying those individuals at risk of developing metastatic disease. To understand the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer metastasis and identify markers with metastatic potential, we have analyzed protein expression in two syngeneic prostate cancer cells lines PC3-N2 and PC3-ML2 using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling and multi-dimensional protein identification technology liquid chromatography matrix assisted laser desorption ionization tandem mass spectrometry. PC3-N2 is lowly metastatic while PC3-ML2 highly metastatic. A total of 1,756 proteins were identified in the analyses with 130 proteins showing different expression levels (p<0.01) in the two cell lines. Out of these, 68 proteins were found to be significantly up-regulated while 62 are significantly down-regulated in PC3-ML2 cells compared with PC3-N2 cells. The upregulation of plectin and vimentin which were the most significantly differentially expressed were validated by Western blot and their functional relevance with respect to invasion and migration was determined by siRNA gene silencing. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that up-regulation of vimentin and plectin expression positively correlates with the invasion and metastasis of androgen-independent PCA.
Exosomes from Bronchoalveolar Fluid of Tolerized Mice Prevent Allergic Reaction (2008)

Exosomes are nanovesicles originating from multivesicular bodies that are secreted by a variety of cell types. The dual capability of exosomes to promote immunity or to induce tolerance has prompted their clinical use as vehicles for vaccination against different human diseases. In the present study, the effect of allergen-specific exosomes from tolerized mice on the development of allergen-induced allergic response was determined using a mouse model. Mice were tolerized by respiratory exposure to the olive pollen allergen Ole e 1. Exosome-like vesicles were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the animals by the well-established filtration and ultracentrifugation procedure, characterized by electron microscopy, Western blot, and FACS analyses, and assessed in a prophylactic protocol. To this end, BALB/c mice were intranasally treated with tolerogenic exosomes or naive exosomes as control, 1 wk before sensitization/challenge to Ole e 1. Blood, lungs, and spleen were collected and analyzed for immune responses. Intranasal administration of tolerogenic exosomes inhibited the development of IgE response, Th2 cytokine production, and airway inflammation--cardinal features of allergy--and maintained specific long-term protection in vivo. This protective effect was associated with a concomitant increase in the expression of the regulatory cytokine TGF-beta. These observations demonstrate that exosomes can induce tolerance and protection against allergic sensitization in mice. Thus, exosome-based vaccines could represent an alternative to conventional therapy for allergic diseases in humans.
Embodied conversational interface agents (2000)

article Free AccessEmbodied conversational interface agents Author: Justine Cassell Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 4April 2000 pp 70–78https://doi.org/10.1145/332051.332075Published:01 April 2000Publication History 247citation4,930DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations247Total Downloads4,930Last 12 Months473Last 6 weeks39 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Characterization of glucose microsensors for intracellular measurements (1992)

Ultrasmall glucose sensors have been constructed by using platinum-deposited carbon ring microelectrodes with glucose oxidase. Response times as low as 270 ms have been obtained with these sensors. Moreover, there is a linear relationship between sensor tip diameter and response times. The use of these sensors has been demonstrated in the detection of glucose in single-cell cytoplasm of the large dopamine cell of the pond snail Planorbis corneus. Current responses obtained at these sensors implanted into a cell increase following injection of 2 pL of glucose solution (3 M) into the cell. Results obtained from these experiments show that these sensors are suitable for glucose monitoring in ultrasmall environments. In addition, characterizations of these sensors have been investigated under different O2 concentrations. At atmospheric oxygen concentrations, glucose levels in the submillimolar range can be measured without oxygen interference; however, oxygen interference can be substantial at low oxygen concentrations.
Chimeric Antisense Oligonucleotide Conjugated to α-Tocopherol (2015)

We developed an efficient system for delivering short interfering RNA (siRNA) to the liver by using α-tocopherol conjugation. The α-tocopherol–conjugated siRNA was effective and safe for RNA interference–mediated gene silencing in vivo. In contrast, when the 13-mer LNA (locked nucleic acid)-DNA gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was directly conjugated with α-tocopherol it showed markedly reduced silencing activity in mouse liver. Here, therefore, we tried to extend the 5′-end of the ASO sequence by using 5′-α-tocopherol–conjugated 4- to 7-mers of unlocked nucleic acid (UNA) as a “second wing.” Intravenous injection of mice with this α-tocopherol–conjugated chimeric ASO achieved more potent silencing than ASO alone in the liver, suggesting increased delivery of the ASO to the liver. Within the cells, the UNA wing was cleaved or degraded and α-tocopherol was released from the 13-mer gapmer ASO, resulting in activation of the gapmer. The α-tocopherol–conjugated chimeric ASO showed high efficacy, with hepatic tropism, and was effective and safe for gene silencing in vivo. We have thus identified a new, effective LNA-DNA gapmer structure in which drug delivery system (DDS) molecules are bound to ASO with UNA sequences. We developed an efficient system for delivering short interfering RNA (siRNA) to the liver by using α-tocopherol conjugation. The α-tocopherol–conjugated siRNA was effective and safe for RNA interference–mediated gene silencing in vivo. In contrast, when the 13-mer LNA (locked nucleic acid)-DNA gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was directly conjugated with α-tocopherol it showed markedly reduced silencing activity in mouse liver. Here, therefore, we tried to extend the 5′-end of the ASO sequence by using 5′-α-tocopherol–conjugated 4- to 7-mers of unlocked nucleic acid (UNA) as a “second wing.” Intravenous injection of mice with this α-tocopherol–conjugated chimeric ASO achieved more potent silencing than ASO alone in the liver, suggesting increased delivery of the ASO to the liver. Within the cells, the UNA wing was cleaved or degraded and α-tocopherol was released from the 13-mer gapmer ASO, resulting in activation of the gapmer. The α-tocopherol–conjugated chimeric ASO showed high efficacy, with hepatic tropism, and was effective and safe for gene silencing in vivo. We have thus identified a new, effective LNA-DNA gapmer structure in which drug delivery system (DDS) molecules are bound to ASO with UNA sequences.
Cotton modified with silver-nanowires/polydopamine for a wearable thermal management device (2016)

A personal thermal management device that uses a coating of a silver nanowire/polydopamine nanocomposite was prepared, which allows Joule heating with a quick thermal response (1 min, from 22 °C to 40 °C).
Hematocrit Method for Determining Total Hemocyte Counts of Larvae of the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 (1980)

Journal Article Hematocrit Method for Determining Total Hemocyte Counts of Larvae of the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Get access Michael E. Clark, Michael E. Clark 2 Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 2From a thesis to be submitted to the Graduate School, University of Maryland, by Michael E. Clark in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's degree in Entomology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jack Colvard Jones Jack Colvard Jones Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 73, Issue 6, 15 November 1980, Pages 683–685, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/73.6.683 Published: 15 November 1980 Article history Received: 15 October 1979 Published: 15 November 1980
Sphingomyelin turnover induced by vitamin D3 in HL-60 cells (1989)

Sphingolipid metabolism was examined in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3; 100 nM) was accompanied by sphingomyelin turnover. Maximum turnover of [3H]choline-labeled sphingomyelin occurred 2 h following vitamin D3 treatment, with sphingomyelin levels decreasing to 77 +/- 6% of control and returning to base-line levels by 4 h. Ceramide and phosphorylcholine were concomitantly generated. Ceramide mass levels increased by 55% at 2 h following vitamin D3 treatment and returned to base-line levels by 4 h. The amount of phosphorylcholine produced equaled the amount of sphingomyelin hydrolyzed, suggesting the involvement of a sphingomyelinase. Vitamin D3 treatment resulted in a 90% increase in the activity of a neutral sphingomyelinase from HL-60 cells. The inferred role of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in the induction of cell differentiation was investigated using an exogenous sphingomyelinase. When a bacterial sphingomyelinase was added at concentrations that caused a similar degree of sphingomyelin hydrolysis as 100 nM vitamin D3, it enhanced the ability of subthreshold levels of vitamin D3 to induce HL-60 cell differentiation. This study demonstrates the existence of a "sphingomyelin cycle" in human cells. Such sphingolipid cycles (Hannun, Y., and Bell, R. (1989) Science 243, 500-507) may function in a signal transduction pathway and in cellular differentiation.
Long term growth and maintenance of stratified rat urothelium in vitro (1989)

Culture conditions that allow long term growth and maintenance of rat urothelium have been determined using short (3 to 8 days) and long (14 to 60 days) term measurements of cell density and tritiated thymidine incorporation as indices. The basal nutrient medium utilized was a mixture of 199 plus Ham's F 12 (1:1) supplemented with insulin (1 microgram/ml) and hydrocortisone (1 microgram/ml). Long term culture of urothelium seems to require porous collagen. Porous albumin, or plastic dishes thinly coated with albumin, collagen, fibronectin or mixtures thereof, did not support long term maintenance. Serum was required at a concentration of 5%, independent of other additives. Decreasing Ca++ levels below that normally found the basal medium (approximately 1 X 10(-3] to as low as 1 X 10(-4), resulted in increased short term proliferation, but decreased long term maintenance by causing a loss of stratification of the urothelium. Even a slight increase in Ca++ concentration from 1.0 to 1.5 X 10(-3) resulted in an inhibition of proliferation and an increase in the number of large flat cells which subsequently sloughed off in sheets. The deletion of either insulin, hydrocortisone or both, inhibited growth. The addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or its homologue, transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha), increased cell proliferation markedly and caused a variable increase in stratification. However, epithelium induced to rapid growth and proliferation with EGF, eventually exhausted its growth potential and died. TGF-beta 1, alone or in combination with either EGF or alpha-TGF, had no additional effect upon urothelial growth. Repeated transfers of urothelium by enzymatic dissociation led to decreased growth and maintenance potential. The data indicates that long term maintenance of stratified urothelium in culture requires a porous collagen substrate and fetal bovine serum together with hormonal requirements and concentrations of Ca++ that neither greatly stimulate nor inhibit growth.
[Effect of parenteral administration of fat on the glucose and fat metabolism in acute pancreatitis]. (1982)

Glucose intolerance is well known in acute pancreatitis. The question of this study was to clarify, if fat used partly instead of glucose in the parenteral nutrition of these patients allows to reduce the insulin necessary to control the blood glucose. A second question was if hypertriglyceridemia is caused by long term infusion of fat in such patients. 10 patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis were divided in two groups: group I (5 patients) were infused with a parenteral nutrition with fat, group II (5 patients) with a parenteral nutrition without fat. As parameters the amount of insulin needed to maintain the blood glucose at levels less than 200 mg% and the serum triglycerides were used. The blood glucose was controlled three times a day. For statistical evaluation the Student-t-test was used. The patients in group I (parenteral nutrition with fat) were infused 44 days and received insulin on 40 days. 69 units insulin/day were needed with a glucose dose of 243 g/day. The insulin dose per 100 g glucose was 29.9 U. The fat dose was 74 g/day. Group II (parenteral nutrition without fat) was infused 45 days and received insulin on 38 days. 103 units insulin/day were needed metabolized 295 g of glucose. The insulin per 100 g glucose was 28.7 units. The dose of insulin per 100 g glucose was not different between the two groups. In 1 patient a hypertriglyceridemia occurred after infusion of fat and disappeared immediately after withdrawal of the fat infusion. In the other patients no hypertriglyceridemia occurred during fat infusion. The parenteral infusion of fat has no influence on the glucose intolerance of patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis.
Towards standardization in the analysis of breath gas volatiles (2014)

Art. 037101, 11 S.
Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Arabidopsis Accessions (2003)

Allelic variation at the FRI (FRIGIDA) and FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) loci are major determinants of flowering time in Arabidopsis accessions. Dominant alleles of FRI confer a vernalization requirement causing plants to overwinter vegetatively. Many early flowering accessions carry loss-of-function fri alleles containing one of two deletions. However, some accessions categorized as early flowering types do not carry these deletion alleles. We have analyzed the molecular basis of earliness in five of these accessions: Cvi, Shakhdara, Wil-2, Kondara, and Kz-9. The Cvi FRI allele carries a number of nucleotide differences, one of which causes an in-frame stop codon in the first exon. The other four accessions contain nucleotide differences that only result in amino acid substitutions. Preliminary genetic analysis was consistent with Cvi carrying a nonfunctional FRI allele; Wil-2 carrying either a defective FRI or a dominant suppressor of FRI function; and Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carrying a functional FRI allele with earliness being caused by allelic variation at other loci including FLC. Allelic variation at FLC was also investigated in a range of accessions. A novel nonautonomous Mutator-like transposon was found in the weak FLC allele in Landsberg erecta, positioned in the first intron, a region required for normal FLC regulation. This transposon was not present in FLC alleles of most other accessions including Shakhdara, Kondara, or Kz-9. Thus, variation in Arabidopsis flowering time has arisen through the generation of nonfunctional or weak FRI and FLC alleles.