gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Modes on Text Editing by Experienced Editor Users (1984)

Experienced nonclerical users of two screen editors, vi and emacs, were asked to do a series of editing and composition tasks. The results suggest that moded editing, as exemplified by the vi editor, may be preferable far fixed editing tasks, whereas modeless editing, as exemplified by the emacs editor, may have some advantages during composing. The vi subjects left fewer errors in their final files and showed a tendency to do the editing tasks faster, though the time differences may have resulted from differences in typing rates. They made few mode errors, and those few were rapidly and easily corrected. The emacs subjects tended to do more of their editing during the first-draft stage of composing than did the vi subjects; this result agrees with the hypothesis that modeless editing is more flexible than moded editing. However, the total editing done while composing, the composing time, and most writing-style variables were similar far the two groups.
Studies on the mechanism of thrombin. Interaction with fibrin. (1983)

Fibrin monomer Sepharose was used to investigate the interactions of thrombin with fibrin. Thrombin binding was found to be reversible and saturable and to depend on the thrombin: fibrin ratio. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites with K alpha = 4.9 X 10(5) M-1. Ca2+ ions caused rapid desorption and elution of thrombin from fibrin monomer, and the Ca2+ concentration needed for maximal desorption depended on the fibrin:thrombin ratio. Mg2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+ also released thrombin from fibrin monomer but not as efficiently as Ca2+. These results indicate that divalent metal ions induce a physical change in fibrin monomer which results in desorption of thrombin. Thrombin binding to fibrin in a gel was compared to binding to fibrin monomer. These studies showed that as fibrin monomers polymerize to form the gel network, thrombin is released. Under static conditions the released thrombin remains associated with the gel because diffusion is limited by the gel. However, the thrombin can be readily removed when buffer is allowed to flow through the gel. These results lead to the possibility that thrombin binding to fibrin monomer and its subsequent release, either by Ca2+ or by polymerization, may have important consequences for regulating the effective thrombin concentration in vivo.
Wnt signaling in the thymus is regulated by differential expression of intracellular signaling molecules (2006)

Wnt signaling is essential for T cell development in the thymus, but the stages in which it occurs and the molecular mechanisms underlying Wnt responsiveness have remained elusive. Here we examined Wnt signaling activity in both human and murine thymocyte populations by determining beta-catenin levels, Tcf-reporter activation and expression of Wnt-target genes. We demonstrate that Wnt signaling occurs in all thymocyte subsets, including the more mature populations, but most prominently in the double negative (DN) subsets. This differential sensitivity to Wnt signaling was not caused by differences in the presence of Wnts or Wnt receptors, as these appeared to be expressed at comparable levels in all thymocyte subsets. Rather, it can be explained by high expression of activating signaling molecules in DN cells, e.g., beta-catenin, plakoglobin, and long forms of Tcf-1, and by low levels of inhibitory molecules. By blocking Wnt signaling from the earliest stage onwards using overexpression of Dickkopf, we show that inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway blocks development at the most immature DN1 stage. Thus, responsiveness to developmental signals can be regulated by differential expression of intracellular mediators rather than by abundance of receptors or ligands.
Selective Photothermal Therapy for Mixed Cancer Cells Using Aptamer-Conjugated Nanorods (2008)

Safe and effective photothermal therapy depends on efficient delivery of heat for killing cells and molecular specificity for targeting cells. To address these requirements, we have designed an aptamer-based nanostructure which combines the high absorption efficiency of Au-Ag nanorods with the target specificity of molecular aptamers, a combination resulting in the development of an efficient and selective therapeutic agent for targeted cancer cell photothermal destruction. Most nanomaterials, such as gold nanoshells or nanorods (NRs), require a relatively high power of laser irradiation (1 x 10 (5)-1 x 10 (10) W/m (2)). In contrast, the high absorption characteristic of our Au-Ag NRs requires only 8.5 x 10 (4) W/m (2) laser exposure to induce 93 (+/-11)% cell death of NR-aptamer-labeled cells. Aptamers, the second component of the nanostructure, are generated from a cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process and can be easily selected for specific recognition of individual tumor cell types without prior knowledge of the biomarkers for the cell. When tested with both cell suspensions and artificial solid tumor samples, these aptamer conjugates were shown to have excellent hyperthermia efficiency and selectivity. Under a specific laser intensity and duration of laser exposure, about 50 (+/-1)% of target (CEM) cells were severely damaged, while more than 87 (+/-1)% of control (NB-4) cells remained intact in a suspension cell mixture. These results indicate that the Au-Ag nanorod combination offers selective and efficient photothermal killing of targeted tumor cells, thus satisfying the two key challenges noted above. Consequently, for future in vivo application, it is fully anticipated that the tumor tissue will be selectively destroyed at laser energies which will not harm the surrounding normal tissue.
Enhanced immunogenicity of HIV-1 vaccine construct by modification of the native peptide sequence (1997)

Viral proteins are not naturally selected for high affinity major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding sequences; indeed, if there is any selection, it is likely to be negative in nature. Thus, one should be able to increase viral peptide binding to MHC in the rational design of synthetic peptide vaccines. The T1 helper peptide from the HIV-1 envelope protein was made more immunogenic for inducing T cell proliferation to the native sequence by replacing a residue that exerts an adverse influence on peptide binding to an MHC class II molecule. Mice immunized with vaccine constructs combining the more potent Th helper (Th) epitope with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) determinant developed greatly enhanced CTL responses. Use of class II MHC-congenic mice confirmed that the enhancement of CTL response was due to class II-restricted help. Thus, enhanced T cell help is key for optimal induction of CTL, and, by modification of the native immunogen to increase binding to MHC, it is possible to develop second generation vaccine constructs that enhance both Th cell activation and CTL induction.
Face Detection by Hybrid Genetic and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (2010)

Over the last Twenty years, several different techniques have been proposed for computer recognition of human faces. The localization of human faces in digital images is a fundamental step in the process of face recognition. In this paper, a Hybrid algorithm is proposed to detect faces using Ant Colony Optimization and Genetic programming algorithms. Evolutionary process of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm adapts genetic operations to enhance ant movement towards solution state. The algorithm converges to the optimal final solution, by accumulating the most effective sub-solutions.
Capillary bridge modes driven with modulated ultrasonic radiation pressure (1996)

The method of modulated ultrasonic radiation pressure, previously used to drive the capillary modes of drops and bubbles, is used to excite the capillary modes of a cylindrical oil bridge in a Plateau tank. Specific modes may be selected by adjusting the modulation frequency and the location or orientation of the bridge in the ultrasonic field. Mode frequencies were measured as a function of the slenderness for the lowest two axisymmetric modes and two nonaxisymmetric modes. The frequencies of the lowest modes agree with an approximate theory which neglects viscous corrections where the interfacial tension is a fitted parameter.
Endothelin-1 is an autocrine/paracrine factor in the mechanism of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. (1993)

To elucidate the cellular mechanism by which angiotensin II (ANG II) induces cardiac hypertrophy, we investigated the possible autocrine/paracrine role of endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1) in ANG II-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by use of synthetic ET-1 receptor antagonist and antisense oligonucleotides to preproET-1 (ppET-1) mRNA. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that ppET-1 mRNA was expressed in cardiomyocytes, but, to a lesser extent, in nonmyocytes as well. ANG II upregulated ppET-1 mRNA level by threefold over control level as early as 30 min, and it stimulated release of immunoreactive ET-1 from cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ET-1 stimulated ppET-1 mRNA levels after 30 min in a similar fashion as ANG II. Tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate (10(-7) M) mimicked the effects of ANG II and ET-1 on induction of ppET-1 mRNA. ANG II-induced ppET-1 gene expression was completely blocked by protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 or by down-regulation of endogenous protein kinase C by pretreatment with phorbol ester. ET-1 and ANG II stimulated twofold increase [3H]leucine incorporation into cardiomyocytes, whose effects were similarly and dose dependently inhibited by endothelin A receptor antagonist (BQ123). Introduction of antisense sequence against coding region of ppET-1 mRNA into cardiomyocytes resulted in complete blockade with ppET-1 mRNA levels and [3H]leucine incorporation stimulated by ANG II. These results suggest that endogenous ET-1 locally generated and secreted by cardiomyocytes may contribute to ANG II-induced cardiac hypertrophy via an autocrine/paracrine fashion.
Cementitious-matrix composites from SiCl4-plasma-activated polypropylene fibres (1996)

Polypropylene (PP) fibres (fibrillated PP) obtained by inducing splits in PP films were treated under radio frequency (RF) (30 kHz) SiCl4-plasma conditions in a stainless steel, parallel plate, capacitively coupled reactor. Analytical investigations carried out on the pale yellow-coloured fibre demonstrated the presence of OH groups and Si atoms on the PP surfaces, resulting in improved wettability and decreased contact angle values. Surface morphologies estimated using atomic-force microscopy indicated the presence of a very rough surface structure for the plasma-treated substrates in comparison with the unmodified samples. Comparative test data from PP fibre-reinforced concrete and SiCl4-cold plasma-treated PP fibre reinforced concrete showed improved mechanical characteristics (flexural strength, flexural toughness, and toughness indices) for all of the plasma-treated fibre-based composites.
ULTRA-VIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF BLOOD SERUM AND CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS (1925)

Blood serum produces a characteristic absorption curve in the ultra-violet part of the spectrum.It has been proposed in several papers (1) that changes in this curve may give us valuable information about pathological conditions.Before we try to establish such relations between the change of the curve and the pathology we ought to know what it is that produces the absorption and which chemical and physical factors will influence it.Lewis (2) has shown that the absorption is due mainly to the proteins in the serum.In a recent article (1) we have stated that it is the tryptophane and tyrosine constituents of the protein molecules which are responsible for the characteristic band around 2800 A. We will here describe how we arrived at this conclusion and relate some investigations concerning the absorption process.For this study we used a Hilger quartz spectrograph size C with a Hilger sector photometer.As light source we used an underwater spark between tungsten electrodes arranged after the description in Scientific Papers of Bureau of Standards, No. 440 (the method was originated by Howe (3)).In order to make our absorption curves comparable to those of Lewis we used for blood serum a chamber 0.1 mm.deep filled with undiluted serum or a cm.chamber filled with 1 part serum and 49 parts of water.Fig. 1 shows two characteristic curves for human serum when the wave-length X in Angstr6m units is used as abscissa and the molecular extinction coefficient (E) times the number of mols (C) divided by the number of liters of solution as ordinate.It has long been known that cyclic compounds as a rule give absorption bands in the ultra-violet region between 2200 and 2900 A.1 Each one of these compounds gives a characteristic 819
Stability and Bactericidal Activity of Chlorine Solutions (1998)

These data suggest that chlorine solutions do not need to be prepared fresh daily, as is recommended currently, and the lowest concentration of chlorine that reliably inactivates S aureus, S choleraesuis, and P aeruginosa is 100 ppm.
Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Critical Appraisal (2010)

Kidney disease is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the improvement in the medical care of SLE in the past two decades, the prognosis of lupus nephritis remains unsatisfactory. Besides exploring more effective but less toxic treatment modalities that will further improve the remission rate, early detection and treatment of renal activity may spare patients from intensive immunosuppressive therapies and reduce renal damage. Conventional clinical parameters such as creatinine clearance, proteinuria, urine sediments, anti-dsDNA, and complement levels are not sensitive or specific enough for detecting ongoing disease activity in the lupus kidneys and early relapse of nephritis. Thus, novel biomarkers are necessary to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of lupus renal disease, prognostic stratification, monitoring of treatment response, and detection of early renal flares. This paper reviews promising biomarkers that have recently been evaluated in longitudinal studies of lupus nephritis.
Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Directly from Nasal Swab Specimens by a Real-Time PCR Assay (2004)

Screening for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a key aspect of infection control to limit the nosocomial spread of this organism. Current methods for the detection of MRSA in clinical microbiology laboratories, including molecularly based techniques, require a culture step and the isolation of pure colonies that result in a minimum of 20 to 24 h until a result is known. We describe a qualitative in vitro diagnostic test for the rapid detection of MRSA directly from nasal swab specimens (IDI-MRSA; Infectio Diagnostic, Inc., Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada), based upon a real-time PCR and direct detection of MRSA via amplicon hybridization with a fluorogenic target-specific molecular beacon probe. Samples from 288 patients were analyzed for the presence of MRSA with the IDI-MRSA assay, compared to detection by either direct plating or enrichment broth selective culture methods. The diagnostic values for this MRSA screening method were 91.7% sensitivity, 93.5% specificity, 82.5% positive predictive value, and 97.1% negative predictive value when compared to culture-based methods. The time from the start of processing of specimen to result was approximately 1.5 h. In our hands, the IDI-MRSA assay is a sensitive and specific test for detection of nasal colonization with MRSA and providing for same-day results, allowing more efficient and effective use of infection control resources to control MRSA in health care facilities.
Stress-Induced Phosphorylation and Activation of the Transcription Factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP Kinase (1996)

CHOP, a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, mediates effects of cellular stress on growth and differentiation. It accumulates under conditions of stress and undergoes inducible phosphorylation on two adjacent serine residues (78 and 81). In vitro, CHOP is phosphorylated on these residues by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). A specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, SB203580, abolished the stress-inducible in vivo phosphorylation of CHOP. Phosphorylation of CHOP on these residues enhanced its ability to function as a transcriptional activator and was also required for the full inhibitory effect of CHOP on adipose cell differentiation. CHOP thus serves as a link between a specific stress-activated protein kinase, p38, and cellular growth and differentiation.
Mass Production of Bacterial α2,6-Sialyltransferase and Enzymatic Syntheses of Sialyloligosaccharides (1998)

To supply alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase for the large-scale synthesis of sialoside, we investigated culture conditions for the production of sialyltransferase 0160. The addition of galactose and beef extract, and control of the pH of the culture medium were effective on the production of sialyltransferase 0160. The maximal enzyme productivity reached 550 units/L. Using a crude extract of Photobacterium damsela JT0160 cells as an enzyme source, enzymatic syntheses were performed with mono- and di-saccharides as the sialyl acceptors. It was clarified that a crude extract of P. damsela JT0160 cells can be used as an synthetic catalyst for the enzymatic synthesis of sialyloligosaccharides. Furthermore, the enzyme assay showed that sialyltransferase 0160 could transfer NeuAc to not only N-linked but also O-linked carbohydrate chains. These results indicated that an abundant supply of sialyltransferase 0160 and its broad specificity make possible the synthesis of sialoside on a large scale.
Cofactor dependence of factor Xa incorporation into the prothrombinase complex. (1981)

The blood coagulation serine protease, factor Xa, was dansylated with the active site-directed inhibitor, dansyl-glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl chloromethyl ketone. The Ca2+-dependent interactions of the inactivated factor Xa with its cofactors, phospholipid and activated factor V (factor Va), were studied through alterations of fluorescence polarization values of dansyl moiety of the modified enyme. In the presence of phospholipid and Ca2+, factor Va and factor Xa interacted with 1:1 stoichiometry, an interaction characterized by markedly enhanced polarization. The factor Va-independent interaction of factor Xa with phospholipid was also observed, characterized by dissociation constant Kd=2.7 x 10-6 M and stoichiometry of 66 mol of phospholipid/mol of factor Xa. The interaction of factor Xa with vesicles in the absence of factor Va exhibited considerably lower polarization values than in the presence of factor Va. These data obtained by direct spectral measurements are in agreement with the inferences drawn previously from studies of kinetics that the prothrombinase complex consists of 1:1 stoichiometric complex of factor Xa and phospholipid-bound factor Va, and that the enzymatic complex assembles in the absence of the natural substrate, prothrombin.
A sensitive method to evaluate effects of analgesics in man. (1983)

In recent papers (8, 12, 13) it has been shown that the analysis of event related brain potentials has become a powerful tool in attempts to quantify pain experience in man. However, the following conditions have to be fulfilled when cerebral potentials are used to measure experimentally induced pain, as well as pain relief under pharmacological treatments: 1) randomization of stimulus intensities to minimize effects of habituation within and between sessions (3), 2) randomization of interstimulus intervals with a minimum distance of about 15 seconds to avoid overlapping effects, and 3) control of the power spectral density of brain activity immediately before the stimulus is applied. In searching for pain related cerebral potentials a principal component analysis was utilized. The grand mean of all evoked potentials (analysis period 500 ms) was built, and the brain potentials were decomposed into basic waveforms for the different experimental conditions (painful-nonpainful; different kinds of skin stimuli). Two components were found as correlates of the painfulness in a sample of 8 healthy untreated subjects (4). In order to demonstrate the usefulness and sensitivity of the here described methods to quantify analgesic effects in man, the opioide tilidine and the opiate antagonist naloxone were orally administered in different combinations. In detail, the 5 treatments: tilidine (100 mg), naloxone (32 mg), tilidine (100 mg) + naloxone (8 mg), tilidine (100 mg) + naloxone (32 mg), and placebo, were given double blind (3 replications of 5 X 5 Latin squares) in 15 healthy subjects, each participating in 5 sessions with exactly 3 days intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scalable event routing in hierarchical neural array architecture with global synaptic connectivity (2010)

An asynchronous communication scheme for scalable routing of spike events in large-scale neuromorphic hardware is presented. The routing scheme extends the Address-Event Representation (AER) protocol for spike event communication to a modular, hierarchical architecture supporting efficient implementation of global synaptic inter-connectivity across a cellular matrix of message parsing axonal relay nodes at varying spatial scales. This paper presents a probabilistic framework for analyzing trade-offs in throughput and latency of synaptic communication as a function of load and geometry, and simulation results verifying the statistics of traffic flow across the architecture.
[Study of the phenotypic occurrence of ura gene inactivation in Bacillus subtilis]. (2000)

After inactivation of the ypaA gene in Bacillus subtilis, the phenotypic pattern obtained showed that this gene controls a system for active flavin transport and, possibly, riboflavin excretion under the conditions of constitutive synthesis.
Lipopolysaccharide interaction with lysozyme (1989)

Experiments have been carried out to characterize the binding of lysozyme (LZM) to bacteriol lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The formation of LPS.LZM complexes can be readily demonstrated using either physical-chemical separation techniques or a radiolabeled photoaffinity LPS probe. The binding affinity of LZM for LPS has been estimated to be approximately 10(8) liters/mol. Binding of LPS results in loss of LZM enzymatic activity by a noncompetitive inhibition, as assessed by either particulate or soluble substrates. This interaction of LPS with LZM is dictated primarily by hydrophobic interactions and appears to be a general property of both constituents. Binding can be demonstrated with LZM of both human and avian sources, as well as with LPS isolated from a variety of Gram-negative organisms. The addition of LPS to biologically relevant fluids containing LZM results in dose-dependent inhibition of LZM enzymatic activity suggesting that such interactions may have relevance in Gram-negative infections. Finally LZM has been shown to reduce the endotoxic activity of LPS as assessed by gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysates.
Haptic In-Vehicle Gesture Controls (2017)

Recent efforts have proposed the use of hand gestures to control in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVISs) in an attempt to reduce visual demand and therefore reduce crash risk. These efforts however lack tactile feedback resulting in a decreased sense of control over the user's intended actions. Here, we describe a demo that uses commercially available novel technologies which mitigate this problem by using focused ultrasound to accurately deliver a radiation force onto the user's operating hand. This new paradigm of mid-air haptic feedback presents new opportunities and challenges towards designing effective interaction languages for IVISs. In this paper, we describe our demo prototype and how it addresses some of these challenges.