gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a proteinaceous adhesin of Staphylococcus epidermidis which mediates attachment to polystyrene (1991)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have evolved into important agents of foreign body-related infections. Adhesion of causative bacteria to biomaterials is considered to be an essential step in these infections. We and others have shown that adhesion of CoNS to biomaterials may be mediated by protease-sensitive surface constituents. In the present study we expanded on these investigations by characterizing a biomaterial adhesin of Staphylococcus epidermidis 354 by using a strain-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 36.4). MAb 36.4 was strongly and exclusively reactive with strain 354 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which whole bacteria were used as antigens. Immunoblotting of cell wall polypeptides of strain 354 revealed strong reactivity with a 200- to 220-kDa band and a weaker reaction in the 100- to 110-kDa range. Preincubation of strain 354 with MAb 36.4 resulted in a 54 to 91% (mean +/- standard deviation, 74% +/- 14%; n = 10) inhibition of adhesion to polystyrene spheres. Fab fragments prepared from MAb 36.4 also inhibited adhesion effectively, indicating specific blocking of an adhesion antigen rather than aspecific inhibition. Immunogold electron microscopy with MAb 36.4 revealed deposition of gold particles on the cell surface and possibly also on fimbrialike surface projections. It is concluded that a surface-located protein antigen of S. epidermidis 354 recognized by MAb 36.4 acts as an adhesin mediating attachment to uncoated foreign material. It is speculated that this type of adhesion to biomaterials may play an important role in the pathogenesis of foreign body-related infections caused by CoNS.
HOX gene expression is altered in the endometrium of women with endometriosis (1999)

HOXA10 and HOXA11 are homeobox genes that function as transcription factors essential to embryonic development. We have recently described a role for each of these two genes in regulating endometrial development in the adult during the course of a menstrual cycle. Both Hoxa10 and Hoxa11 are essential for implantation in the mouse and appear to play a similar role in women. To investigate the role of HOX genes in the endometrium of women with endometriosis, quantitative Northern blot analysis was performed on the endometrium of 40 normal cycling controls and 40 patients with documented endometriosis. Patients with endometriosis failed to show the expected mid-luteal rise in HOX gene expression as demonstrated in the controls. Aberrant HOX gene expression suggests that altered development of the endometrium at the molecular level may contribute to the aetiology of infertility in patients with endometriosis.
Effects of hemodialysis on sleep apnea syndrome in end-stage renal disease. (1990)

A high prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome has been reported in previous studies of patients with chronic renal failure. The possible effects of chronic hemodialysis on the magnitude and severity of sleep apnea have not yet been clarified. The present study was undertaken to understand this relationship, by examining subjective and objective measures of sleep on nights following hemodialysis compared to those without hemodialysis. Significant sleep apnea was noted in 6 of 11 patients. The percentage of apnea time comprised of obstructive apneas increased significantly on the nights following hemodialysis. No significant differences occurred between these nights in the subjective or EEG measures of sleep, or in the total number of disordered breathing events or level of arterial oxygen desaturation. The association between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and sleep apnea syndrome remains highly significant, but seems not to be acutely altered by conventional hemodialysis treatment.
Peptides. Chemistry and Biology: Proceedings of the American Peptide Symposium (12th) Held in Cambridge, Massachusetts on 16-21 June 1991. (1992)

From the first and second sessions on peptide hormones and neuropeptides, one can gain an appreciation of the role to be fulfilled by peptide hormone analogs in medicine. There does not seem to be a single bioactive peptide family for which a therapeutic role is not envisioned at this time. Most interesting is the fact that short analogs as well as cyclic analogs, with structures that are often quite dissimilar from that of the parent native hormone, are being considered as potential drugs. Increased potency and duration of action generally result from these structural modifications. In the third session, emphasis is put on one's recognition of the ever-growing role of lipid membranes in modulating biological expression. Refinement of one's understanding of the bioactive conformation of a peptide is paramount for allowing rational design. Only sophisticated techniques such as NMR in different solvent systems, coupled to molecular modeling in different environments, and X-ray crystallography will yield the information needed to gain an appreciation of the bioactive conformation of a peptide.
Serpentine plant MLO proteins as entry portals for powdery mildew fungi (2005)

In the dicotyledonous plant species Arabidopsis and the monocot barley, presence of specific isoforms of the family of heptahelical plasma membrane-localized MLO proteins is required for successful host-cell invasion by ascomycete powdery mildew fungi. Absence of these MLO proteins, either caused by natural polymorphisms or induced lesions in the respective Mlo genes, results in failure of fungal sporelings to penetrate the plant cell wall. As a consequence, recessively inherited cell-autonomous mlo resistance is effective against all known isolates of powdery mildew fungi colonizing either barley or Arabidopsis. Barley MLO interacts constitutively with the cytoplasmic calcium sensor calmodulin, but the strength of this interaction increases transiently during fungal pathogenesis. In addition, MLO as well as ROR2, a plasma membrane-resident syntaxin also implicated in mlo penetration resistance, focally accumulate at sites of attempted fungal attack, thereby defining a novel pathogen-triggered micro-domain. In conclusion, powdery mildew fungi appear to specifically corrupt MLO to modulate vesicle-associated processes at the plant cell periphery for successful pathogenesis.
Signaling through BMP receptors promotes respiratory identity in the foregut via repression of Sox2 (2011)

The mammalian foregut gives rise to the dorsally located esophagus and stomach and the ventrally located trachea and lung. Proper patterning and morphogenesis of the common foregut tube and its derived organs is essential for viability of the organism at birth. Here, we show that conditional inactivation of BMP type I receptor genes Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b (Bmpr1a;b) in the ventral endoderm leads to tracheal agenesis and ectopic primary bronchi. Molecular analyses of these mutants reveal a reduction of ventral endoderm marker NKX2-1 and an expansion of dorsal markers SOX2 and P63 into the prospective trachea and primary bronchi. Subsequent genetic experiments show that activation of canonical WNT signaling, previously shown to induce ectopic respiratory fate in otherwise wild-type mice, is incapable of promoting respiratory fate in the absence of Bmpr1a;b. Furthermore, we find that inactivation of Sox2 in Bmpr1a;b mutants does not suppress ectopic lung budding but does rescue trachea formation and NKX2-1 expression. Together, our data suggest that signaling through BMPR1A;B performs at least two roles in early respiratory development: first, it promotes tracheal formation through repression of Sox2; and second, it restricts the site of lung bud initiation.
A family centre in practice (1998)

Abstract This article describes the work of a Family Centre that maintains a focus on client-centred need. It explores a model that represents the work done by the Centre and considers the benefits of this model. It evaluates how this fits into current statutory social work practice.
[Enzymatic modification of the functional, nutritional and sensorial properties of soybeans for special feeding]. (2000)

Production of new protein-based products for special nutrition such as hypoallergenic infant formulas, fortified beverages and nutraceutics, require ideal ingredients. Protein ingredients were developed by enzymatic hydrolysis and methionine synthesis of soy protein. Hydrolysis was done at 4% (w/v) using porcine pancreatic enzymes (4% w/w), 50 degrees C, 6 h and pH 8. After drying powder was resuspended (20% w/v) and incubated with 7.6% (w/w) methionine methyl-ester, 1% (w/w) chymotrypsin and 3 M glycerol, 37 degrees C, 3 h and pH 7. Hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration (UF) before and after enrichment (E): FI > 10, 10 > FII > 3 and 3 > FIII > 1 kDa. Functional properties, amino acid content, anti-physiological factor activities and antigenicity were assayed for all the UF fractions and the soybean meal. Protein quality bioassay and sensorial test of an non-enriched fraction and an enriched fraction were performed. Functional properties were positively modified by hydrolysis and synthesis by using a minimum time and methionine added for the last reaction. After UF all the fractions under 10 kDa showed 100% solubility (pH 4 and 7), good clarity, acceptable foam capacity and negligible antigenicity and antiphysiological activities. Additionally, methionine enrichment enhanced their nutritional value, upgrading sulfur amino acid requirements for infants and adults. Because functionality and nutritional value FIII-E could be used for hypoallergenic infant formulas, FII-E for fortified soluble formulas and nutraceutics and FI-E for a semi-solid baby food.
Pentamorphone for management of postoperative pain. (1991)

The efficacy, duration, and safety of the synthetic opioid pentamorphone in the treatment of acute postoperative pain were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind study of 72 patients given 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24 micrograms/kg of pentamorphone or a placebo intravenously in the recovery room after major abdominal or orthopedic surgery. Only patients given 0.24 micrograms/kg of pentamorphone experienced decreased pain intensity and increased sedation, both transient in duration. Although the two higher doses of pentamorphone delayed the patient's request for supplemental morphine, the total amount of morphine required within the first hour was not different between treatments. No acute cardiorespiratory changes were observed. Pentamorphone (0.08-0.24 micrograms/kg) was ineffective for treating acute postoperative pain after major surgery.
The Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Complement Levels and Tolerance Production (1971)

Abstract Administraion of vitamin A, either in its aqueous or oily form, can inhibit circulating hemolytic complement in mice. Concomitant administration of a tolerance-inducing dose of antigen fails to produce unresponsiveness and the mice become immune. The possible participation of complement in tolerance production is further suggested by these findings.
Use of surface marker analysis to predict outcome of adult acute myeloblastic leukemia (1986)

In order to investigate the clinical significance of surface antigen analysis in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), the blasts from 196 patients with AML were analyzed prospectively with a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were selected to identify differentiation-associated antigens of either the myeloid lineage (MY9, PM-81, AML-2–23, MY7, MCS-1, MY8, Mo1, MY1, MY4, Mo2), T cell lineage (T101, T11), B cell lineage (B1, B4) or multiple lineages [J5 (CALLA), HLA-DR]. Independent morphological review and classification by French- American-British (FAB) criteria was performed in 161 of the 196 cases. One or more myeloid surface antigens were detected on the blasts of 195 cases, while B and T cell markers were detected on 0% to 2% of cases. When both blood and marrow samples were studied on the same patient, very few differences were noted between the antigenic profiles of the paired specimens. The frequency of expression of individual myeloid antigens ranged from 91% (PM-81) to 29% (Mo2). Expression of individual antigens was found to correlate significantly with several clinical parameters including FAB classification, cytochemical staining for alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, leukocyte count, and the presence of extramedullary disease at presentation. Two myeloid antigens (MY4 and MY7) predicted for a low rate of complete remission (CR) to standard induction chemotherapy. MY4+ cases (37% of the total population) had a CR rate of 53%, while M4- cases had a CR rate of 69% (P = .03). MY7+ cases (57% of the total population) had a CR rate of 55% while MY7- cases had a CR rate of 73% (P = .01). Neither MY4 nor MY7 antigen expression was correlated with patient age. Paired combinations of antigens were also examined. The [MY4- MY7-] phenotype was exhibited by 32% of all cases and was associated with an 82% CR rate while the CR rate of all other cases was 54% (P = .001). The expression of three antigens (HLA-DR, MY8, Mo1) was associated with a decreased continuous complete remission (P less than .05, median follow-up time of 19 months). Expression of MY8 antigen was also associated with decreased survival (P = .03). These results confirm earlier reports of antigenic heterogeneity in AML, and indicate that immunologically defined subgroups of AML patients which are of potential clinical significance can be identified.
Ultrastructure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Bacillus Thuringiensis (1980)

(1980). Ultrastructure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Bacillus Thuringiensis. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 147-204.
Analysis of Factor VIII Inhibitors Using Hybrid Human/Porcine Factor VIII (1997)

Recombinant hybrid human/porcine factor VIII molecules have been used to map a major determinant of the epitope recognized by human anti-factor VIII A2 domain inhibitory antibodies to a region bounded by human fVIII residues Arg484-Ile508. This approach is being used to characterize the C2 domain inhibitor epitope. The process of creating hybrid human/porcine factor VIII molecules to map inhibitor epitopes produces procoagulantly active fVIII with reduced reactivity with clinically significant factor VIII inhibitors. This suggests that it may be possible to develop of a hybrid human/porcine factor VIII that is useful in the management of hemophilia A and acquired hemophilia.
Phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor at threonine 654 inhibits ligand-induced internalization and down-regulation (1990)

To assess the functional significance of phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor at Thr654, we compared the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA) on ligand-induced internalization and down-regulation between wild-type and mutant receptors that contain an alanine substitution at position 654. Activation of protein kinase C with TPA blocked EGF-induced internalization and down-regulation of Thr654 receptors and inhibited in vivo tyrosine kinase activity by 80%. TPA did not inhibit transferrin receptor internalization or constitutive EGF receptor internalization, suggesting that protein kinase C activation inhibits only the ligand-induced process. Inhibition by TPA of induced internalization, down-regulation, and kinase activity required threonine at position 654 since full-length Ala654 EGF receptors were significantly resistant to TPA inhibition of these ligand-induced activities. However, C'-terminal truncation further enhanced this resistance to TPA inhibition. The EGF-dependent internalization of kinase-inactive receptors truncated at residue 1022 was also impaired by TPA in Thr654 receptors, but not in Ala654 receptors, indicating that phosphorylation at Thr654 also interferes with tyrosine kinase-independent receptor activities. We conclude that the dominant regulatory effect of protein kinase C on the EGF receptor is mediated through phosphorylation at Thr654 which effectively inactivates the receptor. The submembrane region of the EGF receptor appears to regulate transmission of conformational information from the extracellular ligand-binding site to the cytoplasmic kinase and regulatory domains.
A sequence-level map of chromosomal breakpoints in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line yields insights into the evolution of a cancer genome (2008)

By applying a method that combines end-sequence profiling and massively parallel sequencing, we obtained a sequence-level map of chromosomal aberrations in the genome of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A total of 157 distinct somatic breakpoints of two distinct types, dispersed and clustered, were identified. A total of 89 breakpoints are evenly dispersed across the genome. A majority of dispersed breakpoints are in regions of low copy repeats (LCRs), indicating a possible role for LCRs in chromosome breakage. The remaining 68 breakpoints form four distinct clusters of closely spaced breakpoints that coincide with the four highly amplified regions in MCF-7 detected by array CGH located in the 1p13.1-p21.1, 3p14.1-p14.2, 17q22-q24.3, and 20q12-q13.33 chromosomal cytobands. The clustered breakpoints are not significantly associated with LCRs. Sequences flanking most (95%) breakpoint junctions are consistent with double-stranded DNA break repair by nonhomologous end-joining or template switching. A total of 79 known or predicted genes are involved in rearrangement events, including 10 fusions of coding exons from different genes and 77 other rearrangements. Four fusions result in novel expressed chimeric mRNA transcripts. One of the four expressed fusion products (RAD51C-ATXN7) and one gene truncation (BRIP1 or BACH1) involve genes coding for members of protein complexes responsible for homology-driven repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. Another one of the four expressed fusion products (ARFGEF2-SULF2) involves SULF2, a regulator of cell growth and angiogenesis. We show that knock-down of SULF2 in cell lines causes tumorigenic phenotypes, including increased proliferation, enhanced survival, and increased anchorage-independent growth.
End-user software visualizations for fault localization (2003)

End-user programming has become the most common form of programming today. However, despite this growth, there has been little investigation into bringing the benefits of software visualization to end-user programmers. Evidence from the spreadsheet paradigm, probably the most widely used end-user environment, reveals that end users' programs often contain faults. We would like to integrate software visualization into these end-user environments to help end users deal with the reliability issues in their programs. Towards this end, we have devised several fault localization visualization techniques for spreadsheets. This paper describes these techniques and reports the results of a formative study---using tests created by end users---to investigate how these fault localization techniques compare. Our results reveal some strengths and weaknesses of each technique, and provide insights into the cost-effectiveness of each technique for the interactive world of end-user spreadsheet development.
Stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis by placental proliferin and proliferin-related protein (1994)

In many mammalian species, the placenta is the site of synthesis of proteins in the prolactin and growth hormone family. Analysis of two such proteins, proliferin (PLF) and proliferin-related protein (PRP), revealed that they are potent regulators of angiogenesis; PLF stimulated and PRP inhibited endothelial cell migration in cell culture and neovascularization in vivo. The mouse placenta secretes an angiogenic activity during the middle of pregnancy that corresponds primarily to PLF, but later in gestation releases a factor that inhibits angiogenesis, which was identified as PRP. Incubation of placental tissue with PLF led to the specific binding of this hormone to capillary endothelial cells. Thus PLF and PRP may regulate the initiation and then the cessation of placental neovascularization.
Postpartum Hemorrhage: New Management Options (2002)

Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana Correspondence: Gary A. Dildy III, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSU School of Medicine in New Orleans, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112. E-mail: [email protected]
Exploration of Chemically Cross-Linked Metal–Organic Frameworks (2014)

A series of geometrically constrained, cross-linked benzene dicarboxylic acid (bdc) derivatives have been synthesized and incorporated into the canonical isoreticular metal-organic framework (IRMOF) lattice. Only certain cross-links, which allow for the proper relative orientation of the bdc subunits, form the desired IRMOF. Design criteria from these cross-linked ligands allowed for the rational design of two oligomeric ligands composed of three bdc monomers tethered together. These oligomeric ligands were also readily incorporated into an IRMOF lattice with a high degree of crystallinity and porosity, providing a new dimension to rational ligand design for metal-organic frameworks.
Simple Synthesis of Ring-fused Pyridazin-3-ones (2002)

Bicyclic and tricyclic pyridazin-3-ones, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta-[e]-2H-pyridazin-3-one (5), 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[e]-2H-pyridazin-3-one (6), 9,10-dihydronaphtho[1,2-e]-2H-pyridazin-3-one (15) and 9,10-dihydronaphtho-[1,2-e]-2-methylpyridazin-3-one (21) were prepared in a one-pot procedure by reacting hydrazine hydrate with a corresponding ketocarboxylic acid.
The Uncoupling Protein UCP1 Does Not Increase the Proton Conductance of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane by Functioning as a Fatty Acid Anion Transporter (1998)

The activity of the brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP1) is regulated by purine nucleotides and fatty acids. Although the inhibition by nucleotides is well established, the activation by fatty acids is still controversial. It has been reported that the ADP/ATP carrier, and possibly other members of the mitochondrial carrier family, mediate fatty acid uncoupling of mitochondria from a variety of sources by facilitating the transbilayer movement of the fatty acid anion. Brown fat mitochondria are known to be more sensitive to fatty acid uncoupling, a property that has been assigned to the presence of UCP1. We have analyzed the transport properties of UCP1 and conclude that fatty acids are not essential for UCP1 function, although they increase its uncoupling activity. In order to establish the difference between the proposed carrier-mediated uncoupling and that exerted through UCP1, we have studied the facility with which fatty acids uncouple respiration in mitochondria from control yeast and strains expressing UCP1 or the mutant Cys-304 --> Gly. The concentration of free palmitate required for half-maximal activation of respiration in UCP1-expressing mitochondria is 80 or 40 nM for the mutant protein. These concentrations have virtually no effect on the respiration of mitochondria from control yeast and are nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than those reported for carrier-mediated uncoupling. We propose that there exist two modes of fatty acid-mediated uncoupling; nanomolar concentrations activate proton transport through UCP1, but only if their concentrations rise to the micromolar range do they become substrates for nonspecific carrier-mediated uncoupling.