gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effcts of Blue Light and Ammonia on Nitrogen Metabolism in a Colorless Mutant of Chlorella (1989)

Journal Article Effcts of Blue Light and Ammonia on Nitrogen Metabolism in a Colorless Mutant of Chlorella Get access Akio Kamiya Akio Kamiya Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo UniversitySagamiko, Kanagawa, 199-01 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 30, Issue 4, June 1989, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077770 Published: 01 June 1989 Article history Received: 25 November 1988 Accepted: 06 March 1989 Published: 01 June 1989
Synthesis and Characterization of the Very Bulky Phenols Ar*OH and Ar′OH (Ar* = C6H3‐2,6‐Trip2, Trip = C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3; Ar′ = C6H3‐2,6‐Dipp2, Dipp = C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2) and Their Lithium and Sodium Derivatives (LiOAr′)2 and (NaOAr*)2 (2003)

Abstract The very bulky phenols Ar*OH ( 1 ) and Ar′OH ( 2 ), where Ar* = C 6 H 3 ‐2,6‐Trip 2 (Trip = C 6 H 2 ‐2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 ) and Ar′ = C 6 H 3 ‐2,6‐Dipp 2 (Dipp = C 6 H 3 ‐2,6‐ i Pr 2 ), as well as their lithium and sodium derivatives (LiOAr*) 2 ( 3 ), (LiOAr′) 2 ( 4 ) and (NaOAr*) 2 ( 5 ) have been synthesized and characterized. The terphenols 1 and 2 were obtained by the reaction of the aryllithium reagents with nitrobenzene and were isolated in ca . 70% yield. The lithium or sodium salts 3 − 5 were isolated by the reaction of 1 or 2 with n BuLi or sodium metal. All compounds were characterized spectroscopically, and by X‐ray crystallography in the case of 1 , 2 , 4 and 5 . The large terphenyl substituents prevent hydrogen‐bonded association of the phenols 1 and 2 . Instead, the O−H hydrogens interact with the π‐electron cloud on one of the flanking Trip or Dipp rings. The dimeric structures of 4 and 5 are relatively rare examples of structurally characterized alkali metal phenoxides that are unsolvated by internal electron pair donors or classical Lewis bases such as ethers or amines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Rapamycin-Conditioned Dendritic Cells Are Poor Stimulators of Allogeneic CD4+ T Cells, but Enrich for Antigen-Specific Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells and Promote Organ Transplant Tolerance (2007)

The ability of dendritic cells (DC) to regulate Ag-specific immune responses via their influence on T regulatory cells (Treg) may be key to their potential as therapeutic tools or targets for the promotion/restoration of tolerance. In this report, we describe the ability of maturation-resistant, rapamycin (RAPA)-conditioned DC, which are markedly impaired in Foxp3(-) T cell allostimulatory capacity, to favor the stimulation of murine alloantigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg. This was distinct from control DC, especially following CD40 ligation, which potently expanded non-Treg. RAPA-DC-stimulated Treg were superior alloantigen-specific suppressors of T effector responses compared with those stimulated by control DC. Supporting the ability of RAPA to target effector T and B cells, but permit the proliferation and suppressive function of Treg, an infusion of recipient-derived alloantigen-pulsed RAPA-DC followed by a short postoperative course of low-dose RAPA promoted indefinite (>100 day) heart graft survival. This was associated with graft infiltration by CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and the absence of transplant vasculopathy. The adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from animals with long-surviving grafts conferred resistance to rejection. These novel findings demonstrate that, whereas maturation resistance does not impair the capacity of RAPA-DC to modulate Treg, it profoundly impairs their ability to expand T effector cells. A demonstration of this mechanism endorses their potential as tolerance-promoting cellular vaccines.
Prototype Epicardial Crawling Device for Intrapericardial Intervention on the Beating Heart (2004)

The development and preliminary testing of a device for facilitating minimally invasive beating-heart intrapericardial interventions are described. We propose the concept of an endoscopic robotic device that adheres to the epicardium by suction and navigates by crawling like an inchworm to any position on the surface under the control of a surgeon. This approach obviates cardiac stabilization, lung deflation, differential lung ventilation, and reinsertion of laparoscopic tools for accessing different treatment sites, thus offering the possibility of reduced trauma to the patient. The device has a working channel through which various tools can be introduced for treatment. The current prototype demonstrated successful prehension, turning, and locomotion on beating hearts in a limited number of trials in a porcine model.
Transformation Optics Using Graphene (2011)

Metamaterials and transformation optics play substantial roles in various branches of optical science and engineering by providing schemes to tailor electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns. We report a theoretical study showing that by designing and manipulating spatially inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductivity patterns across a flake of graphene, one can have this material as a one-atom-thick platform for infrared metamaterials and transformation optical devices. Varying the graphene chemical potential by using static electric field yields a way to tune the graphene conductivity in the terahertz and infrared frequencies. Such degree of freedom provides the prospect of having different "patches" with different conductivities on a single flake of graphene. Numerous photonic functions and metamaterial concepts can be expected to follow from such a platform.
DNA Methylation Profiling of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex: A Pilot Study for the Human Epigenome Project (2004)

The Human Epigenome Project aims to identify, catalogue, and interpret genome-wide DNA methylation phenomena. Occurring naturally on cytosine bases at cytosine-guanine dinucleotides, DNA methylation is intimately involved in diverse biological processes and the aetiology of many diseases. Differentially methylated cytosines give rise to distinct profiles, thought to be specific for gene activity, tissue type, and disease state. The identification of such methylation variable positions will significantly improve our understanding of genome biology and our ability to diagnose disease. Here, we report the results of the pilot study for the Human Epigenome Project entailing the methylation analysis of the human major histocompatibility complex. This study involved the development of an integrated pipeline for high-throughput methylation analysis using bisulphite DNA sequencing, discovery of methylation variable positions, epigenotyping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry, and development of an integrated public database available at http://www.epigenome.org. Our analysis of DNA methylation levels within the major histocompatibility complex, including regulatory exonic and intronic regions associated with 90 genes in multiple tissues and individuals, reveals a bimodal distribution of methylation profiles (i.e., the vast majority of the analysed regions were either hypo- or hypermethylated), tissue specificity, inter-individual variation, and correlation with independent gene expression data.
Properties and mechanistic aspects of newly found redox enzymes from anaerobes suitable for bioconversions on preparatory scale (1992)

Abstract
Bicarbonate induces high-level resistance to the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (2017)

S. aureus SCVs would be resistant to high concentrations of LL-37 in niches where there are physiological concentrations of bicarbonate and therefore this AMP may not be effective in combating SCVs.
Nanometer scale electron beam lithography in inorganic materials (1984)

Nanometer scale holes and lines have been produced directly in calcium fluoride, aluminium oxide, and magnesium oxide by an intense beam of electrons. There is a threshold beam current density for drilling, and the variation of this with voltage has been studied. Observations using electron energy loss spectroscopy have confirmed that metallic aluminium is produced during the drilling of aluminium oxide. Aluminium oxide may be drilled when in contact with the aluminium substrate, which remains undrilled.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Peptides: Potentials and Pitfalls (1999)

This article presents a discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of FTIR spectroscopy for structural characterisation of peptides. FTIR spectra of small peptides can be highly complex and extremely difficult to interpret. Amide bands associated with different secondary structural elements in peptides can show large deviations from those observed with large water-soluble proteins. This is partly due to the fact small peptides are often highly flexible and are solvated to a greater extent compared to globular proteins. Peptide aggregation can also result in the appearance of additional bands in the amide I region that can be erroneously attributed to peptide structure. These are amongst a host of factors that needs to be taken into consideration when interpreting infrared spectra of peptides.
Virulence-associated genetic regions comprising 31 kilobases of the 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a (1988)

By random transposon Tn5 insertions, we previously identified six virulence-associated SalI fragments, B, D, F, G, H, and P, in the 230-kilobase plasmid pMYSH6000 of Shigella flexneri 2a. In this study, we analyzed the sites of 134 independent Tn5 insertions on four contiguous SalI fragments, B, P, H, and D, of pMYSH6000 and identified five virulence-associated regions; four were associated with inducing a positive Sereny test (Ser), invasion into epithelial cells (Inv), binding to Congo red (Pcr), and inhibition of bacterial growth (Igr), and one was associated with the Ser and Inv but not with the Pcr or Igr phenotypes. Hybridization studies revealed that these virulence-associated DNA regions were highly conserved among 15 other virulence plasmids of four species of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. These data indicate that at least seven separate genetic determinants on the virulence plasmid are required for full expression of the virulence phenotype of shigellae.
Preparation and Photosensitizing Properties of Hematoporphyrin Ethers (1989)

Hematoporphyrin ethers having acyl or aryl substituents in the 2 and 4 positions of the porphyrin ring have been synthesized, starting from protoporphyrin HBr adduct, and tested for photosensitizing efficiency on cells in vitro and transplanted tumors in mice. In general, they resemble the tumor localizing fraction of hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd). Cellular uptake and retention runs parallel with the degree of their non-polarity and in vitro sensitizing efficiencies are up to ten times that of Hpd or Photofrin II (P II). They have high quantum yields for inactivation of cells and also relatively low in vivo skin/tumor concentration ratios.
BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) Treatment for Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Increases the Proportion of Patients Free of Measured Clinical and Neuroradiologic Disease Activity in the Phase 3 Studies (P07.106) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) on the proportion of patients free of measured clinical and/or brain neuroradiologic disease activity at 2 years in post-hoc analyses of CONFIRM and DEFINE.
Importance of the liver in plasma clearance of hepatocyte growth factors in rats (1992)

After intravenous administration of 125I-labeled hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity in the plasma disappeared rapidly with an early phase half-life of 4 min. The amounts of 125I-HGF distributed to the liver, adrenal, spleen, kidney, and lung tissues were much greater than those that could be accounted for by distribution to the extracellular space alone. The first-pass removal of 125I-HGF by the liver was approximately 26%; the liver accounted for approximately 70% of early-phase removal. The hepatic handling was also analyzed using a single-pass perfused liver system. The steady-state extraction ratio of tracer 125I-HGF was 0.48 but dropped to 0.23 in the presence of excess HGF (135 pM), demonstrating hepatic removal saturation of HGF. In the presence of excess HGF, the heparin-washable 125I-HGF, the heparin-resistant and acid-washable 125I-HGF, and the internalized 125I-HGF dropped to 54, 31, and 32% of the control values. The presence of at least two binding sites for HGF on the liver cell surfaces was made clear: the heparin-washable site and the heparin-resistant and acid-washable binding site, considered to have higher affinity for HGF. The internalization of 125I-HGF was observed to some extent even in the presence of excess HGF and phenylarsine oxide, known to be an inhibitor of polypeptides receptor-mediated endocytosis, suggesting the contribution of a relatively nonspecific internalization mechanism as well as receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Microwave-Induced Cooling of a Superconducting Qubit (2006)

We demonstrated microwave-induced cooling in a superconducting flux qubit. The thermal population in the first-excited state of the qubit is driven to a higher-excited state by way of a sideband transition. Subsequent relaxation into the ground state results in cooling. Effective temperatures as low as approximately 3 millikelvin are achieved for bath temperatures of 30 to 400 millikelvin, a cooling factor between 10 and 100. This demonstration provides an analog to optical cooling of trapped ions and atoms and is generalizable to other solid-state quantum systems. Active cooling of qubits, applied to quantum information science, provides a means for qubit-state preparation with improved fidelity and for suppressing decoherence in multi-qubit systems.
THE SYNTHESIS OF MORPHINE (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF MORPHINEMarshall Gates and Gilg TschudiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 1109–1110Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a538https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a538research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2939Altmetric-Citations167LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A predictable sequential determinant spreading cascade invariably accompanies progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a basis for peptide-specific therapy after onset of clinical disease. (1996)

The development of autoimmune disease is accompanied by the acquired recognition of new self-determinants, a process commonly referred to as determinant spreading. In this study, we addressed the question of whether determinant spreading is pathogenic for progression of chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease with many similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS). Our approach involved a systematic epitope mapping of responses to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) as well as assaying responses to known encephalitogenic determinants of myelin basic protein (MBP 87-89) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 92-106) at various times after induction of EAE in (SWR X SJL)F1 mice immunized with PLP 139-151. We found that the order in which new determinants are recognized during the course of disease follows a predictable sequential pattern. At monthly intervals after immunization with p139-151, responses to PLP 249-273, MBP 87-99, and PLP 137-198 were sequentially accumulated in al mice examined. Three lines of evidence showed that determinant spreading is pathogenic for disease progression: (a) spreading determinants mediate passive transfer of acute EAE in naive (SWR X SJL)F1 recipients; (b) an invariant relationship exists between the development of relapse/progression and the spreading of recognition to new immunodominant encephalitogenic determinants; and (c) after EAE onset, the induction of peptide-specific tolerance to spreading but not to nonspreading encephalitogenic determinants prevents subsequent progression of EAE. Thus, the predictability of acquired self-determinant recognition provides a basis for sequential determinant-specific therapeutic intervention after onset of the autoimmune disease process.
Anti-repulsive Guidance Molecule C (RGMc) Antibodies Increases Serum Iron in Rats and Cynomolgus Monkeys by Hepcidin Downregulation (2015)

High levels of hepcidin, the main regulator of systemic iron metabolism, lead to various diseases. Targeting hepcidin and lowering its concentration is a possible form of intervention in order to treat these diseases. High turnover rate of hepcidin is a major drawback of therapies directly targeting this peptide. We developed two monoclonal antibodies ABT-207 and h5F9-AM8 which inhibit hemojuvelin/repulsive guidance molecule C (RGMc) and downregulate hepcidin. We conducted single-application and dose response studies to understand the antibodies' mechanism and subchronic toxicology studies to exclude safety-related concerns. Investigation was carried out at different biological levels through qPCR, Affymetrix, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), histopathology, serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), and drug concentration measurements. After a single application of these antibodies, hepcidin expression in liver and its serum protein levels were reduced. Serum iron increased for several weeks. The RGMc antibodies show a pronounced dose response relationship in rats with h5F9-AM8 having an IC50 (UIBC) of approximately 80-fold higher than ABT-207. When hepcidin levels were downregulated, iron deposition in the liver was visible histologically 1 week post application. These antibody-mediated iron depositions were not associated with any adverse toxicologically relevant effect at the doses and time points evaluated. Iron depositions seen after 14 weekly treatments with ABT-207 were reversible in rats and in cynomolgus monkeys. Due to their long-lasting effects and excellent safety profile, both RGMc-blocking antibodies ABT-207 and h5F9-AM8 are favorable clinical candidates for diseases characterized by high serum hepcidin levels like anemia of chronic disease.
Evidence for CGRP re‐uptake in rat dura mater encephali (2010)

We have presented evidence for CGRP uptake in nerves and its re-release in rat dura mater. This may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of migraine.
Ab initiocalculation of properties of carbon in the amorphous and liquid states (1990)

We have carried out a detailed investigation of liquid carbon (l-C) at T\ensuremath{\simeq}5000 K, and quenched amorphous carbon (a-C) at room temperature, using a first-principles molecular-dynamics method. In this paper we report calculations performed for a fixed density corresponding to low pressures. From our results, which agree well with the limited experimental information available, we analyze the short-range order, particularly the fractions of sp, ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$, and ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ sites, and the electronic properties of the two systems. In addition, we discuss new features of a-C and l-C, predicted by our calculation, and present an analysis of some models proposed in the literature to account for their electronic and bonding properties, as well as of recent controversial experiments.
Recombinant Apolipoprotein A-I Milano Dimer Inhibits Carotid Intimal Thickening Induced by Perivascular Manipulation in Rabbits (1995)

Apolipoprotein A-IMilano (apoA-IM), a natural variant of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), confers to the carriers a significant protection against vascular disease. The antiatherogenic activity of a recombinant disulfide-linked apoA-IM dimer (rA-IM/A-IM) was analyzed in vivo by evaluating its effect on neointimal formation induced by periarterial manipulation in 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits. A flexible collar was applied around the carotid artery 21 days after the beginning of the dietary regimen, and animals were killed 10 days later. Rabbits were injected five times with reconstituted high-density lipoprotein containing egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and rA-IM/A-IM (119 mg EPC + 40 mg protein per dose) or with EPC liposomes (119 mg EPC per dose) beginning either 5 days before or at the day of collar positioning. Neither treatment affected plasma cholesterol levels. A significant intimal thickening was observed in control animals; the intima-to-media (I/M) ratio was 0.63 +/- 0.11 versus 0.03 +/- 0.05 for the sham-operated contralateral arteries. Neointimal formation was markedly inhibited in animals pretreated with rA-IM/A-IM before lesion induction (I/M, 0.26 +/- 0.19) but not in those in which treatment began the day of collar insertion (I/M, 0.74 +/- 0.14). EPC liposomes did not affect neointimal formation (I/M, 0.50 +/- 0.14 and 0.51 +/- 0.07 in the two treatment groups). Proliferation of smooth muscle cells, assessed by direct incorporation of bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into replicating DNA, was reduced by approximately 30% and 75% in the intimal and medial tissues of rA-IM/A-IM-pretreated rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reversal of Tumor-induced Dendritic Cell Paralysis by CpG Immunostimulatory Oligonucleotide and Anti–Interleukin 10 Receptor Antibody (2002)

Progressing tumors in man and mouse are often infiltrated by dendritic cells (DCs). Deficient antitumor immunity could be related to a lack of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) presentation by tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) or to a functional defect of TIDCs. Here we investigated the phenotype and function of TIDCs in transplantable and transgenic mouse tumor models. Although TIDCs could encompass various known DC subsets, most had an immature phenotype. We observed that TIDCs were able to present TAA in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I but that they were refractory to stimulation with the combination of lipopolysaccharide, interferon gamma, and anti-CD40 antibody. We could revert TIDC paralysis, however, by in vitro or in vivo stimulation with the combination of a CpG immunostimulatory sequence and an anti-interleukin 10 receptor (IL-10R) antibody. CpG or anti-IL-10R alone were inactive in TIDCs, whereas CpG triggered activation in normal DCs. In particular, CpG plus anti-IL-10R enhanced the TAA-specific immune response and triggered de novo IL-12 production. Subsequently, CpG plus anti-IL-10R treatment showed robust antitumor therapeutic activity exceeding by far that of CpG alone, and elicited antitumor immune memory.
Association of global and local low endothelial shear stress with high-risk plaque using intracoronary 3D optical coherence tomography: Introduction of ‘shear stress score’ (2016)

Local low ESS and expansive lumen remodelling are associated with HRP. Arteries with increased shear stress score have increased frequency of HRPs and propensity to present with ACS.