gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased stability of the M54 isoform of paraoxonase as a contributory factor to variations in human serum paraoxonase concentrations (2001)

There are considerable variations in serum concentrations of the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme, paraoxonase (PON), which is an important determinant of the antioxidant capacity of HDL. The present study examined the hypothesis that differences in the stability of isoforms arising from the coding region L54M polymorphism could contribute to such variations. A model system was developed using transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells to secrete recombinant PON corresponding to human L or M isoforms. The recombinant peptides exhibited the molecular properties of human serum PON. They formed complexes with lipoproteins in culture medium, notably binding to apolipoprotein A-I-containing particles. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant isoforms were comparable to those of human serum PON. The recombinant M isoform lost activity more rapidly and to a greater extent than the recombinant L isoform [26.0 +/- 3.0% vs. 14.0 +/- 1.0% (phenylacetate substrate) and 36.1 +/- 2.0% vs. 19.3 +/- 2.0% (paraoxon substrate) over 96 h (P < 0.01)] in medium containing fetal calf serum or PON-free human serum. Addition of a protease inhibitor resulted in retention of activity by both isoforms. Parallel results were obtained in incubation studies of human serum from donors homozygous LL or MM for the L54M polymorphism. Enzyme activity was lost more rapidly and to a greater extent from MM than LL sera (P < 0.01). A parallel loss of PON peptide mass was also observed, with a significantly greater loss from MM homozygotes (P < 0.001). It corresponded to the appearance of a smaller molecular mass band on SDS-PAGE analysis. Direct analysis of the proteolytic effect using HDL isolated from homozygotes and incubated with purified kallikrein confirmed the greater loss of activity from MM homozygotes and the protective effect of proteolysis inhibitor. The results provide evidence for lesser stability of the M54 isoform of PON, apparently involving greater susceptibility to proteolysis. It provides one mechanism to explain variations in serum levels of PON and has implications for the antioxidant capacity of HDL.
Activated Protein Kinase C Isoforms Target to Cardiomyocyte Caveolae (1999)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms constitute an important component of the signal transduction pathway used by cardiomyocytes to respond to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Translocation to distinct intracellular sites represents an essential step in the activation of PKC isoforms, presumably as a prerequisite for stable access to substrate. Caveolae are specialized subdomains of the plasma membrane that are reported to concentrate key signaling proteins and may represent a locus for PKC action, given that PKC activators have been reported to dramatically alter caveolae morphology. Accordingly, this study examines whether PKC isoforms initiate signaling in cardiomyocyte caveolae. Phorbol ester-sensitive PKC isoforms were detected at very low levels in caveolae fractions prepared from unstimulated cardiomyocytes; phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (but not 4alpha-PMA, which does not activate PKC) recruited calcium-sensitive PKCalpha and novel PKCdelta and PKCepsilon to this compartment. The subcellular localization of the phorbol ester-insensitive PKClambda isoform was not influenced by PMA. Endothelin also induced the selective translocation of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon (but not PKCdelta or PKClambda) to caveolae. Multiple components of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade, including A-Raf, c-Raf-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and ERK, were detected in caveolae under resting conditions. Although levels of these proteins were not altered by PMA, translocation of phorbol ester-sensitive PKC isoforms to caveolae was associated with the activation of a local ERK cascade as well as the phosphorylation of a approximately 36-kDa substrate protein in this fraction. Finally, a minor fraction of a protein that has been designated as a receptor for activated protein kinase C resides in caveolae and (along with caveolin-3) could represent a mechanism to target PKC isoforms to cardiomyocyte caveolae. These studies identify cardiomyocyte caveolae as a meeting place for activated PKC isoforms and their downstream target substrates.
Partially-indirect Bimanual Input with Gaze, Pen, and Touch for Pan, Zoom, and Ink Interaction (2016)

Bimanual pen and touch UIs are mainly based on the direct manipulation paradigm. Alternatively we propose partially-indirect bimanual input, where direct pen input is used with the dominant hand, and indirect-touch input with the non-dominant hand. As direct and indirect inputs do not overlap, users can interact in the same space without interference. We investigate two indirect-touch techniques combined with direct pen input: the first redirects touches to the user's gaze position, and the second redirects touches to the pen position. In this paper, we present an empirical user study where we compare both partially-indirect techniques to direct pen and touch input in bimanual pan, zoom, and ink tasks. Our experimental results show that users are comparatively fast with the indirect techniques, but more accurate as users can dynamically change the zoom-target during indirect zoom gestures. Further our studies reveal that direct and indirect zoom gestures have distinct characteristics regarding spatial use, gestural use, and bimanual parallelism.
Cytomegalovirus Infection of Human Blood Cells (1984)

Isolates of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), passaged one to 10 times in vitro, regularly induced CMV early antigens (EAs) in human leukocytes. Most CMV EA-positive leukocytes were monocytes. A small proportion of the cells appeared to be polymorphonuclear cells or lymphocytes. EA-positive cells were detected as long as cells in the culture remained viable (seven to 13 days). There was no clear evidence of viral production during this period. In contrast, EA-positive leukocytes were only rarely found after exposure to the CMV laboratory strain Ad169, although this strain generally had a higher EA-inducing capacity than did isolates in human lung fibroblasts. CMV strain Ad169 may have been adapted to fibroblasts through the many in vitro passages in these cells, and the strain appears to be unsuitable for investigation of susceptibility to CMV.
High-performance antimonide-based heterostructure backward diodes for millimeter-wave detection (2002)

Small-area antimonide-based backward diodes for zero-bias millimeter-wave detection have been fabricated and tested. The devices were fabricated using high-resolution I-line stepper lithography, allowing accurate control of the small device active area required for operation at W-band. The devices exhibit excellent measured performance from 1-110 GHz, with responsivities when driven from a 50-/spl Omega/ source of 2540 V/W at 95 GHz. This translates to a projected responsivity of 11.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> V/W at 95 GHz for a conjugately matched detector. The compression characteristics of the detectors have been measured, with 1.2 dB of responsivity compression for an input power of 8 μW.
Watson−Crick Base-Pairing Properties of Tricyclo-DNA (2002)

Tricyclo-DNA belongs to the family of conformationally restricted oligodeoxynucleotide analogues. It differs structurally from DNA by an additional ethylene bridge between the centers C(3‘) and C(5‘) of the nucleosides, to which a cyclopropane unit is fused for further enhancement of structural rigidity. The synthesis of the hitherto unknown tricyclodeoxynucleosides containing the bases cytosine and guanine and of the corresponding phosphoramidite building blocks is described, as well as a structural description of a representative of an α- and a β-tricyclodeoxynucleoside by X-ray analysis. Tricyclodeoxynucleoside building blocks of all four bases were used for the synthesis of fully modified mixed-base oligonucleotides. Their Watson−Crick pairing properties with complementary DNA, RNA, and with itself were investigated by UV melting curves, CD spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Tricyclo-DNA was found to be a very stable Watson−Crick base-pairing system. A UV melting curve analysis of the decamers tcd(pcgtgacagtt) and tcd(paactgtcacg) showed increased thermal stabilities of up to ΔTm/mod. = +1.2 °C with complementary DNA and +2.4 °C with complementary RNA. With itself, tricyclo-DNA showed an increase in stability of +3.1 °C/base pair relative to DNA. Investigations into the thermodynamic properties of these decamers revealed an entropic stabilization and an enthalpic destabilization for the tricyclo-DNA/DNA duplexes. CD spectroscopic structural investigations indicated that tricyclo-DNA containing duplexes preferrably exist in an A-conformation, a fact which is in agreement with results from molecular modeling.
Rock density from borehole gravity surveys (1983)

Abstract The borehole gravity meter (BHGM). The difference between two gravity observations vertically separated in a well leads to an apparent and not the actual bulk density. BHGM-derived apparent densities are equal to the formation bulk densities when the instrument passes through beds which are horizontal, infinitely extended laterally, uniformly thick, and constant in density. For many applications, departures from these assumed conditions are so slight that their effects can be ignored, and the BHGM essentially yields bulk density with a large radius of investigation. In the presence of anomalous masses, significant distortion in formation bulk density is possible. The apparent density anomaly produced in the well by an elongated, offset density contrast is proportional to the angle subtended by the density-change interface. For a density-change boundary having circular symmetry with respect to the well, the apparent density anomaly at the center of the bed is proportional to the sine of the subtended angle. Because the distortion in bulk density is the same above a horizontal boundary as it is just below (in the limit, at the boundary, for a normally incident well), an abrupt change in apparent density is equal to the real density change at the boundary. This change in density, termed "the Poisson jump," is independent of geometry; our ability to measure it, however, is a function of station location with respect to the geologic bodies. Two methods are suggested for obtaining bulk densities from BHGM apparent densities: (1) by obtaining two stations just outside as well as just within the zone of interest, the Poisson jump can be approximated and added to an independent density source (e.g., the gamma-gamma log), and (2) the apparent density anomaly within the formation of interest can be derived by modeling (perhaps based on seismic or well data) and added to the BHGM-determined densities. Thinner beds can be studied with the BHGM than generally believed, even with much greater station spacing.--Modified journal abstract.
Parallel tools in HEVC for high-throughput processing (2012)

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) is the next-generation video coding standard being jointly developed by the ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG JCT-VC team. In addition to the high coding efficiency, which is expected to provide 50% more bit-rate reduction when compared to H.264/AVC, HEVC has built-in parallel processing tools to address bitrate, pixel-rate and motion estimation (ME) throughput requirements. This paper describes how CABAC, which is also used in H.264/AVC, has been redesigned for improved throughput, and how parallel merge/skip and tiles, which are new tools introduced for HEVC, enable high-throughput processing. CABAC has data dependencies which make it difficult to parallelize and thus limit its throughput. The prediction error/residual, represented as quantized transform coefficients, accounts for the majority of the CABAC workload. Various improvements have been made to the context selection and scans in transform coefficient coding that enable CABAC in HEVC to potentially achieve higher throughput and increased coding gains relative to H.264/AVC. The merge/skip mode is a coding efficiency enhancement tool in HEVC; the parallel merge/skip breaks dependency between the regular and merge/skip ME, which provides flexibility for high throughput and high efficiency HEVC encoder designs. For ultra high definition (UHD) video, such as 4kx2k and 8kx4k resolutions, low-latency and real-time processing may be beyond the capability of a single core codec. Tiles are an effective tool which enables pixel-rate balancing among the cores to achieve parallel processing with a throughput scalable implementation of multi-core UHD video codec. With the evenly divided tiles, a multi-core video codec can be realized by simply replicating single core codec and adding a tile boundary processing core on top of that. These tools illustrate that accounting for implementation cost when designing video coding algorithms can enable higher processing speed and reduce implementation cost, while still delivering high coding efficiency in the next generation video coding standard.
Glucosamine Abrogates the Acute Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Induction of Th2 Response (2005)

Glucosamine, a natural glucose derivative and an essential component of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, has been safely used to relieve osteoarthritis in humans. Recent studies have shown that glucosamine also possesses immunosuppressive properties and is effective in prolonging graft survival in mice. Whether this reagent is effective in human multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelination in the CNS, is not known. We thus investigated the therapeutic effect of glucosamine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We demonstrated that oral, i.p., or i.v. administration of glucosamine significantly suppressed acute EAE, with reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination. A significant, albeit not strong, blockade of Th1 response and an up-regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-10) are observed in the splenocytes of glucosamine-treated mice. Glucosamine also regulates IL-5 and IL-10 in vitro. As glucosamine is able to effectively suppress acute EAE, has low or absent toxicity, and has been safely used in humans orally, our study suggests a potential use for this drug alone or in combination with other disease-modifying immunotherapies to enhance their efficacy and reduce their doses in MS and possibly other autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, because glucosamine functions not simply as an immunosuppressant, but as a mild immunomodulator, administration of glucosamine provides a novel immunoregulatory approach for autoimmune disorders.
Colonisation of cystic fibrosis patients by non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa - characterisation of the alginate from mucoid variants (1996)

Conference Article| August 01 1996 Colonisation of cystic fibrosis patients by non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa - characterisation of the alginate from mucoid variants Peter J. Tatnell; Peter J. Tatnell 1School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales College of Cardiff, CF1 3US Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nicholas J. Russell; Nicholas J. Russell 2Department of Biological Sciences, Wye College, Ashford, TN25 5AH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar John R. W. Govan; John R. W. Govan 3Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, EH8 9AG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Peter Gacesa Peter Gacesa 4Department of Applied Biology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (3): 406S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024406s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Peter J. Tatnell, Nicholas J. Russell, John R. W. Govan, Peter Gacesa; Colonisation of cystic fibrosis patients by non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa - characterisation of the alginate from mucoid variants. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1996; 24 (3): 406S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024406s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Recent Advances in the Preparation and Utilization of Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Storage (2001)

Recent progress in the production, purification, and experimental and theoretical investigations of carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage are reviewed. From the industrial point of view, the chemical vapor deposition process has shown advantages over laser ablation and electric-arc-discharge methods. The ultimate goal in nanotube synthesis should be to gain control over geometrical aspects of nanotubes, such as location and orientation, and the atomic structure of nanotubes, including helicity and diameter. There is currently no effective and simple purification procedure that fulfills all requirements for processing carbon nanotubes. Purification is still the bottleneck for technical applications, especially where large amounts of material are required. Although the alkalimetal-doped carbon nanotubes showed high H2 weight uptake, further investigations indicated that some of this uptake was due to water rather than hydrogen. This discovery indicates a potential source of error in evaluation of the storage capacity of doped carbon nanotubes. Nevertheless, currently available single-wall nanotubes yield a hydrogen uptake value near 4 wt% under moderate pressure and room temperature. A further 50% increase is needed to meet U.S. Department of Energy targets for commercial exploitation. Meeting this target will require combining experimental and theoretical efforts to achieve a full understanding of the adsorption process, so that the uptake can be rationally optimized to commercially attractive levels. Large-scale production and purification of carbon nanotubes and remarkable improvement of H2 storage capacity in carbon nanotubes represent significant technological and theoretical challenges in the years to come.
Raman and Modulation Spectroscopy at II-VI Semiconductor Interfaces (2001)

The structural and electronic properties of semiconductor interfaces crucially influence the behaviour of modern nanoscale heterostructures. We apply optical spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and electroreflectance (ER)) with special reference to the interface-induced vibronic signature and electronic interband transitions in wide-band gap II–VI materials. This material system allows the combination of materials with extremely different vibronic and electronic properties, which have to be matched at the interfaces. As examples we present the analysis of ZnSe/BeTe superlattices (SL) and CdSe monolayers, embedded between BeTe barriers, grown on GaAs(100) substrates. Both systems exhibit type II electronic band alignment with a rather high valence band offset of about 1 eV and an electron confinement potential in the range of 2 eV. Since these II–VI compounds contain no common elements, two types of interface bond configurations are possible: either Be–Se or Zn–Te (Cd–Te). We show that the properties of the type-II spatially indirect transition are completely governed by this interface layer. The normal and inverted electronic interface signature can be addressed individually in ER by applying an external dc electric field or by using polarised light with polarisation either along the [110] or [10] direction. In addition the chemical nature of the interface is analysed, using its phonon properties in Raman spectroscopy: They are completely altered for different interface bonding conditions in the case of embedded monolayers. Moreover, the ER results from the epilayers are also used for the deduction of the band offset at the interface substrate–epilayer and Schottky barrier of the outer interfaces (epilayer–metal).
Calpain activation in apoptosis (1994)

Programmed cell death is an active process wherein the cell initiates a sequence of events culminating in the fragmentation of its DNA, nuclear collapse, and disintegration of the cell into small, membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Examination of the death program in various models has shown common themes, including a rise in cytoplasmic calcium, cytoskeletal changes, and redistribution of membrane lipids. The calcium-dependent neutral protease calpain has putative roles in cytoskeletal and membrane changes in other cellular processes; this fact led us to test the role of calpain in a well-known model of apoptotic cell death, that of thymocytes after treatment with dexamethasone. Assays for calcium-dependent proteolysis in thymocyte extracts reveal a rise in activity with a peak at about 1 hr of incubation with dexamethasone, falling to background at approximately 2 hr. Western blots indicate autolytic cleavage of the proenzyme precursor to the calpain I isozyme, providing additional evidence for calpain activation. We have also found that apoptosis in thymocytes, whether induced by dexamethasone or by low-level irradiation, is blocked by specific inhibitors of calpain. Apoptosis of metamyelocytes incubated with cycloheximide is also blocked by calpain inhibitors. These studies suggest a required role for calpain in both "induction" and "release" models of apoptotic cell death.
The Determination of the Adjusted Indicator Concentration behind a Moving Boundary in Dilute Solution; the System Potassium Chloride-Sodium Chloride in Water at 25° (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Determination of the Adjusted Indicator Concentration behind a Moving Boundary in Dilute Solution; the System Potassium Chloride-Sodium Chloride in Water at 25°D. R. Muir, J. R. Graham, and A. R. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 8, 2157–2160Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01637a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01637a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts