gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Electromagnetic Monitoring of CO2 Sequestration in Deep Reservoirs (2013)

Geophysical monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) injections in a deep reservoir has become an important component of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Until recently, the seismic method was the dominant technique used for reservoir monitoring. In this paper we present a feasibility study of permanent electromagnetic (EM) monitoring of CO2 sequestration in deep reservoir using a novel borehole-to-surface EM (BSEM) method. The advantage of this method is that the sources of the EM field are located within the borehole close to the target reservoir, which increases the sensitivity and resolution of the method. Another innovation is the use of capacitive electric field sensors with an operational lifetime of tens of years. We illustrate the effectiveness of the BSEM method by computer simulating CO2 injection monitoring in the Kevin Dome sequestration site in Montana, USA.
Genosnip: SNP Genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS Using Photocleavable Oligonucleotides (2003)

A photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl CE phosphoramidite building-block was synthesised and incorporated within oligonucleotides. After allele-specific primer extension, desalting was performed using genostrep purification plates. Release of the SNP information containing part through photocleavage created shortened molecules that are easily accessible for MALDI-TOF analysis. Additionally, incorporation of mass modified nucleosides enables flexible design of multiplex genotyping.
Emulation of the Sparcle microprocessor with the MIT Virtual Wires emulation system (2002)

Describes a complete FPGA-based emulation software system using Virtual Wires technology and present the results of emulating an 18K-gate ASIC implementation of a modified Sparc microprocessor. Virtual Wires overcomes the pin-count limitation that formerly restricted the efficiency of FPGA-based logic emulators. The MIT Virtual Wires softwire compiler accepts a netlist description of the system to be emulated and produces programming information for the FPGA hardware, an inexpensive ($3000) board designed for Virtual Wires in-circuit emulation. The compiler also provides an interface to standard logic simulator tools for hardware accelerated simulation. We discuss innovative features of the compiler system and knowledge gained during its construction. A comparison is made of different implementations of the on-chip Virtual Wires circuitry synthesized by the compiler. Several enhancements to the original Virtual Wires concept are presented that improve the emulation speed and FPGA utilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE) (2012)

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is one of smoking-related lung diseases.
Functional hierarchy of c-kit and c-fms in intramarrow production of CFU-M. (1995)

Whereas the molecular natures of M-CSF/CSF-1 and its receptor c-fms are well characterized, its actual role in the intramarrow hematopoiesis remains obscure. This is because disruption of this signaling pathway results in the osteopetrosis mouse that lacks the bone cavity for hematopoiesis. To elucidate the role of c-fms in intramarrow hematopoiesis, we produced an antagonistic monoclonal antibody to murine c-fms and investigated its expression and function in the normal bone marrow. c-fms+ cells were detected both in mature and immature hematopoietic cells. Morphologically, c-kit+c-fms-, c-kit+c-fms+ and c-kit-c-fms+ cells were medium sized blasts, large promyelocytes with azurophilic granules and mature monocytes respectively. CFU-M was 10-fold more enriched in the c-kit+c-fms- than c-kit+c-fms+ fraction. Moreover, injection of the anti c-fms antibody had no effect on the production of CFU-M in the bone marrow, while anti-c-kit mAb could deplete them. As c-kit+c-fms+ cells were readily generated in the culture of c-kit+c-fms- cells, most of the CFU-M in the bone marrow are, in fact, c-fms- cells that differentiate into c-fms+ upon culture. These observations indicate a clear functional hierarchy of c-kit and c-fms in the bone marrow. Namely, c-kit plays the primary role in the production and maintenance of CFU-M, while c-fms, though it co-expressed with c-kit and functions as the growth receptor for M-CSF in the culture, has only a minimum role in the proliferation of c-fms+ cells in the bone marrow.
RU 486: a steroid with antiglucocorticosteroid activity that only disinhibits the human pituitary-adrenal system at a specific time of day. (1984)

RU 486 is a synthetic steroid hormone antagonist which acts at the receptor level. It has both intrinsic anti-progesterone and antiglucocorticosteroid properties in animals. We investigated the antiglucocorticosteroid activity in humans by evaluating the pituitary-adrenal response to RU 486 in men and in pregnant and nonpregnant women. In non-pregnant women, RU 486 (approximately equal to 1 mg/kg of body weight per day) produced an interruption of the luteal phase without affecting the pituitary-adrenal axis, thereby indicating a more potent anti-progesterone than antiglucorticosteroid effect. In the course of pregnancy interruption by RU 486 (approximately equal to 4 mg/kg per day), there was a significant increase in plasma corticotropin, beta-lipotropin, and cortisol concentrations. In normal men, RU 486 administration led to a dose-dependent stimulation of plasma corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol. This disinhibition of the pituitary-adrenal axis was only observed during the morning hours of the circadian rhythm. When administered concomitantly with 1 mg of dexamethasone at midnight, 6 mg of RU 486 per kg completely suppressed the dexamethasone inhibitory effect on the pituitary-adrenal axis. These results indicate that RU 486 is an antiglucocorticosteroid that disrupts the negative pituitary feedback of both the morning cortisol rise and administered dexamethasone. Furthermore, they demonstrate the possibility of optimizing the anti-progestational effect of the compound and its potential use for human fertility control by modifying the dose and the time of administration of the drug and thereby minimizing the antiglucocorticosteroid effect.
Why Uptake of Blended Internet-Based Interventions for Depression Is Challenging: A Qualitative Study on Therapists’ Perspectives (2019)

(1) Background: Blended cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT; online and face-to-face sessions) seems a promising alternative alongside regular face-to-face CBT depression treatment in specialized mental health care organizations. Therapists are key in the uptake of bCBT. This study focuses on therapists' perspectives on usability, satisfaction, and factors that promote or hinder the use of bCBT in routine practice; (2) Methods: Three focus groups (<i>n</i> = 8, <i>n</i> = 7, <i>n</i> = 6) and semi-structured in-depth interviews (<i>n</i> = 15) were held throughout the Netherlands. Beforehand, the participating therapists (<i>n</i> = 36) completed online questionnaires on usability and satisfaction. Interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis; (3) Results: Therapists found the usability sufficient and were generally satisfied with providing bCBT. The thematic analysis showed three main themes on promoting and hindering factors: (1) therapists' needs regarding bCBT uptake, (2) therapists' role in motivating patients for bCBT, and (3) therapists' experiences with bCBT; (4) Conclusions: Overall, therapists were positive; bCBT can be offered by all CBT-trained therapists and future higher uptake is expected. Especially the pre-set structure of bCBT was found beneficial for both therapists and patients. Nevertheless, therapists did not experience promised time-savings-rather, the opposite. Besides, there are still teething problems and therapeutic shortcomings that need improvement in order to motivate therapists to use bCBT.
Signal peptide cleavage is essential for surface expression of a regulatory T cell surface protein, leucine rich repeat containing 32 (LRRC32) (2011)

A cleaved signal peptide site in LRRC32 is necessary for surface localization of native LRRC32 following activation of naturally-occurring freshly-isolated regulatory T cells. LRRC32 expression appears to alter the surface expression of activation markers of T cells such as CD62L. LRRC32 surface expression may be useful as a marker that selects for more potent T(reg) populations. In summary, understanding the processing and expression of LRRC32 may provide insight into the mechanism of action of T(regs) and the refinement of immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these cells.
First Aid for Eating Disorders (2009)

The objective of this study was to develop first aid guidelines, based on expert consensus, that provide members of the community with information on how to assist someone who is thought to be developing or experiencing an eating disorder. An online Delphi study was carried out with expert panels consisting of 36 clinicians, 27 care-givers and 22 consumers. The panel members rated statements that described potential first aid actions. If between 80 and 100 percent of all three panels rated a statement as either Essential or Important, the statement was endorsed as a guideline. Three rounds were conducted before consensus was reached. From a total of 456 statements, 200 were endorsed as guidelines. A cohesive guideline document was developed by writing the endorsed statements into sections of prose based on common themes. Clinicians, care-givers and consumers were able to reach consensus about guidelines for eating disorder first aid. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy.
Feasibility study of a high-speed SONET self-healing ring architecture in future interoffice networks (1990)

The economic feasibility of using SONET self-healing-ring (SHR) architecture in survivable interoffice fiber networks is studied. The model used is discussed, and the selection criterion for the candidate area in this study, the SHR cost model, the hubbing network cost model, the network survivability measure, and the network growth model are described. Results of two case studies based on a metropolitan local access and transport area (LATA) network are discussed. One involves a single- and the other a dual-homing interoffice network. Sensitivity analysis and network impact results are highlighted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inertia and scaling in deterministic lateral displacement (2013)

The ability to separate and analyze chemical species with high resolution, sensitivity, and throughput is central to the development of microfluidics systems. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a continuous separation method based on the transport of species through an array of obstacles. In the case of force-driven DLD (f-DLD), size-based separation can be modelled effectively using a simple particle-obstacle collision model. We use a macroscopic model to study f-DLD and demonstrate, via a simple scaling, that the method is indeed predominantly a size-based phenomenon at low Reynolds numbers. More importantly, we demonstrate that inertia effects provide the additional capability to separate same size particles but of different densities and could enhance separation at high throughput conditions. We also show that a direct conversion of macroscopic results to microfluidic settings is possible with a simple scaling based on the size of the obstacles that results in a universal curve.
CD133+ Tumor Initiating Cells in a Syngenic Murine Model of Pancreatic Cancer Respond to Minnelide (2014)

As Minnelide is currently under phase I clinical trial, its evaluation in reducing tumor burden by decreasing TIC as well as non-TIC population suggests its potential as an effective therapy.
Three Isoforms of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors All Have the Capability to Induce Angiogenesis in Vivo. (1994)

Three isoforms of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) composing of AA, AB, and BB chains all exhibited angiogenic activity in a dose-dependent manner in an in vivo assay system involving the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo. The order of potency as BB > AB = AA. They, however, failed to stimulate proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that their effects are indirect. These data suggest that possibility that three PDGF isoforms are indirect angiogenic factors.
The Effect of the Glycine Site-Specific N -Methyl- d -Aspartate Antagonist ACEA1021 on Ischemic Brain Damage Caused by Acute Subdural Hematoma in the Rat (1995)

Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) complicates about 20% of severely head-injured patients, and death and severe disability frequently result, yet over half of these patients may have been conscious, at some time after injury, implying secondary mechanisms of brain damage. Drugs that block the "excitotoxic" effects of glutamate at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor have generally been effective in reducing ischemic brain damage associated with SDH in animal models, yet these agents all appear to be associated with major behavioral side effects, in conscious patients, at neuroprotective doses. We therefore evaluated the effects of treatment with a novel antagonist for the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor (ACEA1021) upon ischemic brain damage, in the rat SDH model. ACEA1021 may be free of psychomotor effects, and may thus permit high dose therapy in conscious trauma and stroke patients. SDH was produced by the slow injection of 0.4 mL autologous blood into the subdural space overlying the parietal cortex. brain damage was assessed histologically at 8 coronal planes, in animals sacrificed 4 h after induction of hematoma. Both pre- and posttreatment with ACEA1021 significantly reduced hemispheric ischemic damage produced by SDH. The magnitude of neuroprotection with this compound (26 to 39% reduction in infarct size) is similar to other NMDA antagonists, and the robust posttreatment effect implies that human studies with this compound should be performed in head injured patients, subject to completion of toxicology testing.
Size-Dependent Polar Ordering in Colloidal GeTe Nanocrystals (2011)

The question of the nature and stability of polar ordering in nanoscale ferroelectrics is examined with colloidal nanocrystals of germanium telluride (GeTe). We provide atomic-scale evidence for room-temperature polar ordering in individual nanocrystals using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and demonstrate a reversible, size-dependent polar-nonpolar phase transition of displacive character in nanocrystal ensembles. A substantial linear component of the distortion is observed, which is in contrast with theoretical reports predicting a toroidal state.
Reduction of Cr(6+) to Cr(3+) in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor (1997)

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(6+), is a common and toxic pollutant in soils and waters. Reduction of the mobile Cr(6+) to the less mobile and less toxic trivalent chromium, Cr(3+), can be achieved with conventional chemical reduction technologies. Alternatively, Cr(6+) can be biochemically reduced to Cr(3+) by anaerobic microbial consortia which appear to use Cr(6+) as a terminal electron acceptor. A bioprocess for Cr(6+) reduction has been demonstrated using a packed-bed bioreactor containing ceramic packing, and then compared to a similar bioreactor containing DuPont Bio-Sep beads. An increase in volumetric productivity (from 4 mg Cr(6+)/L/h to 260 mg Cr(6+)/L/h, probably due to an increase in biomass density, was obtained using Bio-Sep beads. The beads contain internal macropores which were shown by scanning electron microscopy to house dense concentrations of bacteria. Comparisons to conventional Cr(6+) treatment technologies indicate that a bioprocess has several economic and operational advantages.
Molecular biological characterization of adenovirus DNA. (1998)

The agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, the ethidium bromide fluorescence detection of DNA fragments and restriction endonucleases were discovered at the end of the '60s. The methodological progress enabled institutions equipped with less sophisticated technology to achieve also unique experimental and scientific results in the field of viral DNA research. The team working on virus DNA within the adenovirus research group has constructed several new restriction endonuclease maps of the genomes of human and animal adenoviruses; contributed to the methodology of the determination of specific endonuclease sites, and genome polarity; discovered new restriction endonucleases, adenovirus subtypes, new empty capsid, and genome subpopulations; participated in cooperations leading to novel, although hypothetical approaches in AIDS therapy, taxonomic definition of viruses, and evolutionary origins of adenovirus replication and encapsidation strategy.
Thermodynamic instability of siRNA duplex is a prerequisite for dependable prediction of siRNA activities (2007)

We developed a simple algorithm, i-Score (inhibitory-Score), to predict active siRNAs by applying a linear regression model to 2431 siRNAs. Our algorithm is exclusively comprised of nucleotide (nt) preferences at each position, and no other parameters are taken into account. Using a validation dataset comprised of 419 siRNAs, we found that the prediction accuracy of i-Score is as good as those of s-Biopredsi, ThermoComposition21 and DSIR, which employ a neural network model or more parameters in a linear regression model. Reynolds and Katoh also predict active siRNAs efficiently, but the numbers of siRNAs predicted to be active are less than one-eighth of that of i-Score. We additionally found that exclusion of thermostable siRNAs, whose whole stacking energy (DeltaG) is less than -34.6 kcal/mol, improves the prediction accuracy in i-Score, s-Biopredsi, ThermoComposition21 and DSIR. We also developed a universal target vector, pSELL, with which we can assay an siRNA activity of any sequence in either the sense or antisense direction. We assayed 86 siRNAs in HEK293 cells using pSELL, and validated applicability of i-Score and the whole DeltaG value in designing siRNAs.
I-V and C-V characteristics of Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes (1980)

The electrical characteristics of Au/n-TiO2 Schottky diodes have been studied using I-V and C-V measurements. TiO2 samples with working face perpendicular to the c axis are reduced in a vacuum of 10−6 Torr at 800 °C for about 5 h and then quenched. The resistivities are in the range 20–30 Ω cm. The barrier heights deduced from I-V characteristics in agreement with the thermionic emission theory are in the range 0.87–0.94 eV. C-V data yield lower barrier heights and show a frequency dependence attributed to relaxation phenomena occurring in a disturbed layer near the surface. Comparison with results relative to Au/n-SrTiO3 diodes shows that the barrier heights obey the Schottky model for these ionic semiconductors, confirming the role of the electron affinity in the band bending formation.
Designing of a Thermosensitive Chitosan/Poloxamer In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery of Ciprofloxacin (2008)

To increase the low bioavailability and short ocular residence time of ciprofloxacin eye drops, aqueous solutions of drug in chitosan/ Pluronic (poloxamer) were prepared to identify suitable compositions with regard to gel forming properties and drug release behavior. Mixtures of solutions of Pluronic (10-25% w/w) with chitosan (0.1-0.3% w/w) of different molecular weights (Mw) were prepared. Ciprofloxacin release was determined using a membraneless dissolution model in artificial tear solution up to 8 hours and the samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically at 272.4nm. The rheological behavior of solutions in response to dilution or temperature changes and also the phase change temperature (PCT) were determined using a Cup & Bob viscometer. Antimicrobial effect of the solutions was studied in nutrient agar in comparison to marketed solutions of ciprofloxacin using Pseudomonas aueroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by the agar diffusion test using the cup-plate technique. The formulation consisted of 15% Pluronic and 0.1% low Mw chitosan, with the highest release efficiency (46.61 0.41%) and an acceptable mean release time (1.94 0.27 hr), is suggested as a suitable ophthalmic preparation for sustained release of ciprofloxacin. This in situ gel released the drug by a Higuchi model and Fickian mechanism. It was liquid in non-physiologic conditions (pH 4 and 25C) and transferred to the gel form upon physiologic conditions (pH 7.4 and 37C). The PCT of this in situ gel did not change upon dilution and the zone of inhibition of the growth of both studied bacteria was significantly greater for it than the marketed eye drop of ciprofloxacin.
3000 times grating compressor with positive group velocity dispersion: Application to fiber compensation in 1.3-1.6 µm region (1987)

A compressor is designed that presents an opposite sign of the dispersion to that of standard two grating compressors. This is achieved by placing a telescope between gratings in order to modify in an adequate manner the phase shift for different wavelengths. The telescope simultaneously provides a high magnification in order to compensate more than 90 km of standard monomode fibers in the 1.6 μm region, yielding compression factors as high as 3000. Analytical expressions for Gaussian beams are found and limitations due to lateral spectral walkoff and telescope pupils are discussed.
In-Network PCA and Anomaly Detection (2007)

We consider the problem of network anomaly detection in large distributed systems.In this setting, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been proposed as a method for discovering anomalies by continuously tracking the projection of the data onto a residual subspace.While it is successful empirically, this approach has serious scalability limitations.To overcome these limitations, we develop a PCA-based anomaly detector in which adaptive local data filters send to a coordinator just enough data to enable accurate global detection.Our method is based on a stochastic matrix perturbation analysis that characterizes the tradeoff between the accuracy of anomaly detection and the amount of data communicated over the network.
An international perspective on heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction complicating myocardial infarction: the VALIANT registry (2004)

HF and/or LVSD is common in the general contemporary MI population and precedes 80.3% of all in-hospital deaths after MI. Survivors of early MI-associated HF and/or LVSD have more complications, longer hospitalisations, and are more likely to die during hospitalisation. Although baseline variables can identify MI patients at highest risk for HF and/or LVSD, such patients are less likely to receive indicated procedures and medical therapies.
Digital multicarrier demodulator for regenerative communication satellites (1988)

A digital implementation of the multicarrier demodulation is described with attention given to its advantages, flexibility, better performance, and VLSI possible integrability. The impact of the use of a network clock synchronization on the overall MCD complexity is studied in detail. It is noted that the digital architecture of the proposed MCD can be adapted to different digital modulation techniques; however, in the present paper, emphasis is placed on the application for QPSK signals.