gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nivelando sobre el puente de Öresund con precisión milimétrica (2003)

En este articulo se presentan las distintas conexiones sobre el puente de Oresund, entre la red de altimetria sueca de primer arden y su equivalente danesa, realizadas empleando diferentes tecnicas de determinacion de altitud, y en especial la mas reciente del ano 2000, que fue efectuada mediante tecnicas de nivelacion motorizada.
En primer lugar se describe el puente (de mas de 8,5 km de largo) y el lugar de su emplazamiento, para a continuacion hacer lo mismo con las tecnicas empleadas en la nivelacion. Por ultimo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos bojo las distintas y duras condiciones medioambientales (vientos y frio). El trabajo fue realizado en abril del ano 2000, como un Proyecto Nordico Conjunto por das equipos de nivelacion, uno de cada pais (Dinamarca y Suecia), bojo el liderazgo de Jean Marie Becker.
El resultado, con precision milimetrica, confirma la alta eficacia y calidad que la nivelacion motorizada aporta a proyectos en los que nunca competirian otras tecnologias. Tambien en este articulo se incluyen algunas imagenes que ilustran la totalidad del trabajo
An entity-based service script editor for IN (1992)

The Intelligent Network (IN) concepts have a very simple objective: to allow innovative telecommunications services to be delivered quickly to end users. While there are several IN systems available today, they are really just a first step towards the overall objective. There are several areas which need to be clarified before full-specification systems can be developed, one of which is service creation (SC). The overall strategy on SC is clear: the best way to speed up software production for services is to encapsulate the capabilities of the network as an extensible set of standard building blocks, from which new services can be created at a high level of abstraction. This can perhaps be likened to the 'fourth generation language' approach to writing database queries. The authors' work on the editing of service logic programs (SLPs), or 'scripts', is targeted at the high-level, user-oriented style of description. This complements the more 'bottom-up' approach of existing analyses such as the CCITT work on service independent building blocks.
Soft bacterial polyester‐based shape memory nanocomposites featuring reconfigurable nanostructure (2011)

Abstract In this work, a novel soft shape memory polymer nanocomposite derived from a bacterial medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoate, poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyundecenoate) (PHOU), used to form a covalent network grafted with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a crystallizable inorganic–organic hybrid nanofiller, was prepared. The PHOU–POSS nanocomposite, PHOU–POSS w ‐net [ w (= POSS content, wt %) = 0, 20, 25, 30, and 38], is a completely amorphous elastomer ( w ≤ 20) or contains POSS nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous PHOU matrix ( w ≥ 25). The hybrid nanostructure of PHOU–POSS w ‐net ( w ≥ 25) is featured by its reconfigurability, based on aggregation and disaggregation of POSS covalently connected to the PHOU network, which enables excellent shape fixing and recovery. Furthermore, it exhibits soft and elastomeric mechanical properties even in the fixed state. Taking advantage of the shape memory ability as well as the softness in the fixed state, we demonstrate microscale dynamic surface topography of PHOU–POSS w ‐net. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Neuropeptides in the skin: interactions between the neuroendocrine and the skin immune systems (1998)

The interaction between components of the nervous system and multiple target cells in the cutaneous immune system has been receiving increasing attention. It has been observed that certain skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have a neurogenic component. Neuropeptides released by sensory nerves that innervate the skin and often contact epidermal and dermal cells can directly modulate functions of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LC), mast cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. Among these neuropeptides the tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SOM) have been reported to effectively modulate skin and immune cell functions such as cell proliferation, cytokine production or antigen presentation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Expression and regulation of their corresponding receptors that are expressed on a variety of skin cells as well as the presence of neuropeptide-specific peptidases such as neutral endopeptidase (NEP) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) determine the final biological response mediated by these peptides on the target cell or tissue. Likewise, skin cells like keratinocytes or fibroblasts are a source for neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor that are required not only for survival and regeneration of sensory neurons but also to control responsiveness of these neurons to external stimuli. Therefore, neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, neuropeptide-degrading enzymes and neurotrophins participate in a complex, interdependent network of mediators that modulate skin inflammation, wound healing and the skin immune system. This review will focus on recent studies demonstrating the role of tachykinins, CGRP, SOM and VIP and their receptors and neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in mediating neurogenic inflammation in the skin.
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer and the role of family history (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease for which only a small number of risk factors have been identified. In addition to older age, male gender, and black race, risk factors include smoking, obesity, long-standing diabetes and pancreatitis, and heavy alcohol use; allergies such as hay fever are related to lowered risk. Several genetic syndromes increase risk of pancreatic cancer. Work on more common genetic variants promises to reveal more potentially important genetic associations.
Inhibitor development in haemophilia B: an orphan disease in need of attention (2007)

Factor IX (FIX) inhibitors develop in 1.5-3% of haemophilia B patients. Due to its low incidence compared with that in haemophilia A, few comparable data exist on host and treatment-related risk factors, and immunological processes associated with FIX inhibitor development. Moreover, the safety and efficacy of bypass therapy as well as the outcome predictors of successful inhibitor eradication have been poorly characterised. The lack of a useful evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of FIX inhibitors complicates their significant morbidity due to the frequency of allergic reactions that often herald antibody development. This review discusses what is currently known about the epidemiology, natural history and immunology of anti-FIX antibody development. It addresses several special considerations in the approach to the treatment of bleeding and inhibitor eradication. A case is made for moving forward with an integrated international collaboration for the further study of the nature and treatment of this problem.
Combined Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting with the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib (ZD1839) and the Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab (IMC-C225) (2004)

Our findings suggest both shared and complementary mechanisms of action with gefitinib and cetuximab and support combined EGFR targeting as a clinically exploitable strategy.
Antisense CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein RNA suppresses coordinate gene expression and triglyceride accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. (1992)

Previous studies suggest that the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) functions in the coordinate expression of adipocyte genes during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We sought to block expression of C/EBP selectively using a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) vector to direct transcription of a approximately 0.4-kb segment of C/EBP cDNA (in antisense orientation) containing translated sequence 5' to that encoding the basic and leucine zipper regions of the protein. Vector-directed expression of antisense C/EBP RNA in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes inhibited expression of C/EBP mRNA and protein, as well as several adipose-specific mRNAs, and also prevented cytoplasmic triglyceride accumulation. Rescue of the "adipocyte phenotype" was accomplished by transfection of cells expressing antisense RNA with a modified BPV vector that directs transcription of the complementary sense C/EBP RNA.
Effect of Heparin on Infection of Cells by Equine Arteritis Virus. (1997)

The number of plaques formed by equine arteritis virus (EAV) and Aujesky's disease virus (ADV) was reduced to 14% and 5% of the untreated control (100%), respectively, by 10 U/ml of heparin, but could not be reduced below to 13 and 4%, respectively, by use of concentration up to 100 U/ml. An inhibitory effect of heparin, at concentration up to 100 U/ml, was not observed on parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3). Heparinase treatment of RK13 cells reduced the number of EAV-, as well as ADV-induced plaques. On the other hand, the number of PIV-3 induced plaques did not decrease after treatment of RK13 cells with heparinase.
OSTEOGENIC ACTIVITY OF THE FOURTEEN TYPES OF HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS (BMPS) (2003)

A comprehensive analysis of the osteogenic activity of fourteen types of BMPs in osteoblastic progenitor cells was conducted. Our results suggest an osteogenic hierarchical model in which BMP-2, 6, and 9 may play an important role in inducing osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, most BMPs are able to stimulate osteogenesis in mature osteoblasts.
Synthetic Poly[(R,S)-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoates] with Butyl and Hexyl Side Chains (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Poly[(R,S)-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoates] with Butyl and Hexyl Side ChainsJ. J. Jesudason and R. H. MarchessaultCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 9, 2595–2602Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00087a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00087a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of coronary responses to various doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin. (1982)

We studied the degree of coronary artery dilation resulting from increasing doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG). Heart rate, aortic pressure and coronary artery angiograms were recorded before and after 5-, 50-, 150- and 250-microgram doses of NTG infused into the left main coronary artery. Coronary artery diameters were measured by a magnification angiographic technique. After intracoronary NTG, heart rate was unchanged 2 minutes after each dose. Mean aortic pressure was unchanged after 5 microgram (NS), but declined 5 mm Hg (mean) after 50 microgram, 9 mm Hg after 150 microgram and 18 mm Hg after 250 microgram (all p less than 0.05) compared with before NTG. The maximal increase in diameter occurred after 150 microgram, and no additional increase was seen after 250 microgram. After 5- and 50-microgram doses, 67% and 75% maximal dilation responses, respectively, were observed. Compared with coronary artery diameter before NTG, the 150-microgram dose increased the diameter of left main coronary artery by 5%, proximal coronary artery segments by 9%, middle segments by 19%, distal segments by 34%, collateral-filled coronary arteries by 38%, coronary artery stenoses by 5%, and small coronary arteries (0.4-1.0 mm) by 54%. These data indicate that relatively small doses of intracoronary NTG produce potentially important coronary artery dilation without important changes in heart rate and aortic pressure. These observations should prove helpful in choosing dosage schedules for intracoronary NTG.
Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis. (1999)

Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. How silymarin produces these effects is not understood, but it may involve suppression of NF-kappa B, a nuclear transcription factor, which regulates the expression of various genes involved in inflammation, cytoprotection, and carcinogenesis. In this report, we investigated the effect of silymarin on NF-kappa B activation induced by various inflammatory agents. Silymarin blocked TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect was mediated through inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of Iota kappa B alpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B. Silymarin blocked the translocation of p65 to the nucleus without affecting its ability to bind to the DNA. NF-kappa B-dependent reporter gene transcription was also suppressed by silymarin. Silymarin also blocked NF-kappa B activation induced by phorbol ester, LPS, okadaic acid, and ceramide, whereas H2O2-induced NF-kappa B activation was not significantly affected. The effects of silymarin on NF-kappa B activation were specific, as AP-1 activation was unaffected. Silymarin also inhibited the TNF-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and abrogated TNF-induced cytotoxicity and caspase activation. Silymarin suppressed the TNF-induced production of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation. Overall, the inhibition of activation of NF-kappa B and the kinases may provide in part the molecular basis for the anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin, and its effects on caspases may explain its role in cytoprotection.
High-speed rotation of magnets on high T c superconducting bearings (1990)

Levitation and rotation of cylindrical rare-earth magnets on yttrium-barium-copper-oxide superconducting bearings has been sustained at speeds of up to 120 000 rpm with a surface speed of 40 m/s. The decay of the free rotation rate has been measured at both atmospheric pressure and a partial vacuum to 2.6 μm Hg. The decay measurements in vacuum indicate that the flux drag torques are constant and independent of speed. The magnetic shear stress on the rotor magnet is estimated to be 150 dyn/cm2. It is believed that drag torques on rotating magnets are related to asymmetry in the flux density pattern of the magnet.
<title>Inspection of float glass using a novel retroreflective laser scanning system</title> (1997)

Since 1988, Image Automation has marketed a float glass inspection system using a novel retro-reflective laser scanning system. The (patented) instrument scans a laser beam by use of a polygon through the glass onto a retro-reflective screen, and collects the retro-reflected light off the polygon, such that a stationary image of the moving spot on the screen is produced. The spot image is then analyzed for optical effects introduced by defects within the glass, which typically distort and attenuate the scanned laser beam, by use of suitable detectors. The inspection system processing provides output of defect size, shape and severity, to the factory network for use in rejection or sorting of glass plates to the end customer. This paper briefly describes the principles of operation, the system architecture, and limitations to sensitivity and measurement repeatability. New instruments based on the retro-reflective scanning method have recently been developed. The principles and implementation are described. They include: (1) Simultaneous detection of defects within the glass and defects in a mirror coating on the glass surface using polarized light. (2) A novel distortion detector for very dark glass. (3) Measurement of optical quality (flatness/refractive homogeneity) of the glass using a position sensitive detector.
Investigations on acoustic on‐line monitoring of IR laser ablation of burned skin (1999)

Backround and Objective In burn surgery necrotic tissue has to be removed prior to grafting. Tangential excision causes high blood loss and destruction of viable tissue. Pulsed infrared laser ablation can overcome both problems because of its high precision and the superficial coagulation of the remaining tissue. We investigated the ablation noise to realize an acoustic feedback system for a selective removal of necrotic tissue. Materials and Methods We studied free-running Er:YAG laser ablation of gelatin and burned skin. Schlieren laser flash photography was used to investigate the ablation dynamics generating the ablation noise. Acoustic signals were detected by a condenser microphone and a piezoelectric airborne transducer. Tissue discrimination was based on the evaluation of the normalized acoustic energy. Results The ablation noise is mainly generated by shock wave emission and fast vaporization during the first part of the laser pulse. Frequency components of the ablation noise above 200 kHz are only detectable with the piezoelectric transducer. The normalized acoustic energy differs significantly between gelatin samples of different water content and between necrotic and vital tissue. Conclusions Large bandwidth transducers are essential for an acoustic on-line monitoring of free-running Er:YAG laser ablation of burned skin. The normalized acoustic energy is a suitable parameter for the discrimination between necrotic and vital tissue. Lasers Surg. Med. 25:69–78, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recent developments in polycrystalline diamond-drill-bit design (1980)

Development of design criteria for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits for use in severe environments (hard or fractured formations, hot and/or deep wells) is continuing. This effort consists of both analytical and experimental analyses. The experimental program includes single point tests of cutters, laboratory tests of full scale bits, and field tests of these designs. The results of laboratory tests at simulated downhole conditions utilizing new and worn bits are presented. Drilling at simulated downhole pressures was conducted in Mancos Shale and Carthage Marble. Comparisons are made between PDC bits and roller cone bits in drilling with borehole pressures up to 5000 psi (34.5 PMa) with oil and water based muds. The PDC bits drilled at rates up to 5 times as fast as roller bits in the shale. In the first field test, drilling rates approximately twice those achieved with conventional bits were achieved with a PDC bit. A second test demonstrated the value of these bits in correcting deviation and reaming.
Semi-tied covariance matrices for hidden Markov models (1999)

There is normally a simple choice made in the form of the covariance matrix to be used with continuous-density HMMs. Either a diagonal covariance matrix is used, with the underlying assumption that elements of the feature vector are independent, or a full or block-diagonal matrix is used, where all or some of the correlations are explicitly modeled. Unfortunately when using full or block-diagonal covariance matrices there tends to be a dramatic increase in the number of parameters per Gaussian component, limiting the number of components which may be robustly estimated. This paper introduces a new form of covariance matrix which allows a few "full" covariance matrices to be shared over many distributions, whilst each distribution maintains its own "diagonal" covariance matrix. In contrast to other schemes which have hypothesized a similar form, this technique fits within the standard maximum-likelihood criterion used for training HMMs. The new form of covariance matrix is evaluated on a large-vocabulary speech-recognition task. In initial experiments the performance of the standard system was achieved using approximately half the number of parameters. Moreover, a 10% reduction in word error rate compared to a standard system can be achieved with less than a 1% increase in the number of parameters and little increase in recognition time.
Intraoperative, real-time 3-D digitizer for neurosurgical treatment and planning (2003)

Summary form only given. An easy-to-use interface has been developed that allows real-time image localization and 3-D volume data set reformatting for use with computed-tomography (CT) and magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) images. As the basis for an intraoperative armless and frameless means of head stereotaxis, the surgeon uses a 3-D digitizer and an ultrasonic neurowand intraoperatively to register fiducials located on a patient's head with image voxels stored in a workstation. Once this registration step is performed, the tip of the wand can be located in both the image and patient coordinate systems. In near real-time, coronal, sagittal, and axial sections (triplanar display) of the patient's anatomy located by the wand are displayed on a graphics workstation. The neurowand has been used to chart and record the positions of scalp and intradural electroencephalography electrodes in 3-D MRI volume data sets. Three-dimensional rendering of these data reveals the precise location of the electrodes with respect to the gyral and sulcal anatomy of the brain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of chromosomal locus, GC content and length of homology on PCR-mediated targeted gene replacement in Saccharomyces (2001)

Targeted gene replacement (TGR) using fragments generated by PCR is a widely-used technique for deleting genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that the efficiency of this procedure, defined as the fraction of transformants that delete the targeted gene, varied by >10-fold depending on the sequence being targeted. We examined the effect of chromosomal position, length of homology and GC content on TGR efficiency. When URA3 was positioned at five different chromosomal locations, the efficiency of replacing this gene with LEU2 remained the same. Similarly, varying the length of homology from 35 to 60 bp had only a small effect on the efficiency of targeting (<50%), though an increase in the length of homology to 200 bp on one end of the disruption fragment did increase TGR efficiency. Strikingly, as GC content in the target sequence increased, the efficiency of targeting also increased. When TGR efficiency was high, the frequency of untargeted integration events was low. These results suggest two strategies for designing TGR primers: (i) use 40 bp targeting sequences containing 40-50% GC, and (ii) if necessary, increase TGR efficiency by extending the length of homology on one end of the disruption fragment.
Efficient Suzuki-Type Cross-Coupling of Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopropylboronic Acids (1998)

Optically active cyclopropanes (e.g. 1) can be prepared by the use of tartaric acid derivatives as chiral auxiliaries in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of optically active cyclopropylboronic acids with electrophiles. The absolute configuration of the chiral carbon atom is retained, and the reaction proceeds with good yields and enantiomeric excesses. R=H, p-Ph, o-CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>3</sub> , p-CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>3</sub> , p-NO<sub>2</sub> , o-OCH<sub>3</sub> , m-OCH<sub>3</sub> .