gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of axial ligands on metalloporphyrin visible absorption spectra. Complexes of tetraphenylporphinatozinc (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe influence of axial ligands on metalloporphyrin visible absorption spectra. Complexes of tetraphenylporphinatozincMario Nappa and Joan S. ValentineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 16, 5075–5080Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00484a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2852Altmetric-Citations345LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (724 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of standard heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins on the formation of murine osteoclasts in vitro. (2006)

Long-term administration of heparin can lead to development of osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of standard heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins (nadroparin, enoxaparin, parnaparin and dalteparin) on osteoclast formation from neonatal murine bone marrow cells stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro. Standard heparin (0.1-10 IU/ml) and low-molecular-weight heparins (1-100 anti-Xa IU/ml) affected the formation of osteoclasts in two directions. In the rat bone marrow cell cultures, at lower concentrations, the heparins tended to increase the formation of osteoclasts, whereas at the highest concentrations (10 IU/ml and 100 anti-Xa IU/ml, respectively) they tended to decrease the number of osteoclasts. In the mouse bone marrow cell culture, the heparins suppressed the formation of osteoclasts, with the exception of standard heparin at 0.1 IU/ml which intensified the process. Results of the present study indicate species differences in the sensitivity of bone marrow cells to standard heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins.
SLC/CCL21-mediated anti-tumor responses require IFNgamma, MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10. (2003)

These findings indicate that the full potency of SLC/CCL21-mediated anti-tumor responses require in part the induction of IFNgamma, MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10.
A Radioimmunoassay for Measurement and Characterization of Human Antileukoprotease in Serum (1981)

This report describes a radioimmunological method for the measurement of the protease inhibitor antileukoprotease in nanogram quantities. Antileukoprotease, previously found in bronchial secretions, has now also been found in serum using this radioimmunologic technique. In healthy blood donors the serum level was 126 micrograms/l. The serum immunoreactive antileukoprotease was found in a free form and did not show any antigenic cross reaction with the normal plasma protease inhibitors. Further, it was also found to be active and to form a complex with active human granulocyte elastase.
A Steroid-Conjugated Magnetic Resonance Probe Enhances Contrast in Progesterone Receptor Expressing Organs and Tumors in Vivo (2011)

Progesterone receptor (PR) is a significant biomarker in diseases such as endometriosis and breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers that is associated with disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. While receptor status is currently determined by immunohistochemistry assays, the development of noninvasive PR imaging agents could improve molecular characterization, treatment decisions, and disease monitoring. ProGlo, a progesterone-conjugated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, was evaluated in vivo to determine whether it targets and enhances signal intensity in organs and tumors that express high PR levels. A tissue distribution study indicated that ProGlo accumulates in the PR-rich uterus, which was confirmed by in vivo imaging studies. Ex vivo images of these organs revealed that ProGlo was distributed in the substructures that express high PR levels. In xenograft tumor models, ProGlo was taken up to a greater extent than the nonfunctionalized Gd-DO3A in tumors, particularly in PR(+) tumors. The ability to accumulate and enhance signal intensity in PR(+) organs and tumors suggests that ProGlo may be a promising MRI probe for PR(+) diseases.
Feature-adaptive motion tracking of ultrasound image sequences using a deformable mesh (1998)

By exploiting the correlation of ultrasound speckle patterns that result from scattering by underlying tissue elements, two-dimensional tissue motion theoretically can be recovered by tracking the apparent movement of the associated speckle patterns. Speckle tracking, however, is an ill-posed inverse problem because of temporal decorrelation of the speckle patterns and the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of medical ultrasonic images. This paper investigates the use of an adaptive deformable mesh for nonrigid tissue motion recovery from ultrasound images. The nodes connecting the mesh elements are allocated adaptively to stable speckle patterns that are less susceptible to temporal decorrelation. We use the approach of finite element analysis in manipulating the irregular mesh elements. A novel deformable block matching algorithm, making use of a Lagrange element for higher-order description of local motion, is proposed to estimate a nonrigid motion vector at each node. In order to ensure that the motion estimates are admissible to a physically plausible solution, the nodal displacements are regularized by minimizing the strain energy associated with the mesh deformations. Experiments based on ultrasound images of a tissue-mimicking phantom and a muscle undergoing contraction, and on computer simulations, have shown that the proposed algorithm can successfully track nonrigid displacement fields.
Biomarker-driven indication selection in JTX-2011 ICONIC clinical trial. (2017)

11602 Background: ICOS (Inducible T cell CO-Stimulator) is a co-stimulatory molecule expressed primarily on T lymphocytes. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that ICOS mediates anti-CTLA-4 driven anti-tumor responses. JTX-2011 is an ICOS agonist antibody in clinical development in advanced solid tumors (ICONIC trial). JTX-2011 is designed to generate an anti-tumor immune response via stimulation of T effector cells and preferential reduction of intra-tumoral T regulatory cells. Single agent preclinical efficacy correlates with the percentage of ICOS-expressing T cells within the tumor. We report indication selection and patient enrichment strategy for ICONIC using in silico and IHC analysis and assessment of potential predictive biomarkers for JTX-2011 using ex vivo tumor histoculture. Methods: Integrated analysis was performed from the TCGA for ICOS expression in histologic and molecularly defined tumors and immune cell signatures. ICOS expression was analyzed by IHC in a subset of indications based on in silico analysis. ICOS expression on intra-tumoral Tregs and PD-L1 were analyzed in a cohort of 126 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Ex vivo histoculture assays of human HNSCC was treated with JTX-2011 and assessed for IFNg gene signature induction. Results: ICOS mRNA expression was analyzed in ~10,000 solid tumors samples across ~30 indications. ICOS expression in key indications was confirmed using IHC. Based on frequency of high ICOS expression, non-small cell lung cancer, HNSCC, triple negative breast carcinoma, gastric cancer, and melanoma were selected as indications for ICONIC. Results were confirmed in clinical samples using multiplex immunofluorescence and ICOS IHC. A wide range of ICOS expression was observed suggesting that identification of an ICOS “high” group may enrich for patients likely to benefit from ICOS agonist therapy. In ex vivo histoculture assays of human HNSCC tumors treated with JTX-2011, ICOS IHC and ICOS RNA gene signatures correlated to response endpoints. Comparison of ICOS and PDL1 expression identified subsets of tumors in multiple indications with high ICOS but low PDL1 expression. Conclusions: These data support prioritization of specific tumor types the ICONIC trial.
Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron administration for uterine bleeding or postpartum anaemia: a narrative review (2017)

The management of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) consists of oral or intravenous administration of iron supplements. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise information regarding the treatment of IDA in women who have postpartum anaemia or uterine bleeding with intravenous (IV) or oral iron supplements. Fourteen randomised control studies comparing IV to oral iron treatment for IDA in 2913 women with uterine bleeding or postpartum haemorrhage are included. All reviewed studies suggest that IV iron administration is important in treating the IDA in such women and in improving their physical performance and quality of life. Comparisons among intravenous iron supplements show advantages of ferric carboxymaltose over others in time of reaching desired haemoglobin and ferritin values and in adverse reactions. Despite the limitation that the above evidence emerges from not systematically collected data, our review highlights that new forms of IV iron supplements seem safe and efficient in treating IDA.
The Dendritic Cell Receptor for Endocytosis, Dec-205, Can Recycle and Enhance Antigen Presentation via Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–Positive Lysosomal Compartments (2000)

Many receptors for endocytosis recycle into and out of cells through early endosomes. We now find in dendritic cells that the DEC-205 multilectin receptor targets late endosomes or lysosomes rich in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) products, whereas the homologous macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), as expected, is found in more peripheral endosomes. To analyze this finding, the cytosolic tails of DEC-205 and MMR were fused to the external domain of the CD16 Fcgamma receptor and studied in stable L cell transfectants. The two cytosolic domains each mediated rapid uptake of human immunoglobulin (Ig)G followed by recycling of intact CD16 to the cell surface. However, the DEC-205 tail recycled the CD16 through MHC II-positive late endosomal/lysosomal vacuoles and also mediated a 100-fold increase in antigen presentation. The mechanism of late endosomal targeting, which occurred in the absence of human IgG, involved two functional regions: a membrane-proximal region with a coated pit sequence for uptake, and a distal region with an EDE triad for the unusual deeper targeting. Therefore, the DEC-205 cytosolic domain mediates a new pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis that entails efficient recycling through late endosomes and a greatly enhanced efficiency of antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells.
New MIMO ARQ protocols and joint detection via sphere decoding (2006)

In this paper, we develop some new automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols for multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) flat-fading channels which adapt the bit-to-symbol mapping of each ARQ retransmission. We begin by defining a model for distinctly mapped transmissions through flat-fading MIMO channels. We characterize the effect that such a mapping diversity has on an integrated receiver utilizing sphere decoding. Varying the symbol mapping complicates the sphere decoding process, particularly for the enumeration of candidate solutions within the sphere. A technique that enables quick candidate enumeration is presented, utilizing concepts from existing closest point search schemes. The advantage of mapping diversity, in reducing bit error rate and reducing computational complexity, is presented along with simulation examples.
The toxicology of benzene. (1993)

Benzene is metabolized, primarily in the liver, to a series of phenolic and ring-opened products and their conjugates. The mechanism of benzene-induced aplastic anemia appears to involve the concerted action of several metabolites acting together on early stem and progenitor cells, as well as on early blast cells, such as pronormoblasts and normoblasts to inhibit maturation and amplification. Benzene metabolites also inhibit the function of microenvironmental stromal cells necessary to support the growth of differentiating and maturing marrow cells. The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemogenesis is less well understood. Benzene and its metabolites do not function well as mutagens but are highly clastogenic, producing chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and micronuclei. Benzene has been shown to be a multi-organ carcinogen in animals. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that benzene is a human leukemogen. There is need to better define the lower end of the dose-response curve for benzene as a human leukemogen. The application of emerging methods in biologically based risk assessment employing pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data may help to clarify the uncertainties in low-dose risk assessment.
Achieving λ/20 Resolution by One-Color Initiation and Deactivation of Polymerization (2009)

In conventional photolithography, diffraction limits the resolution to about one-quarter of the wavelength of the light used. We introduce an approach to photolithography in which multiphoton absorption of pulsed 800-nanometer (nm) light is used to initiate cross-linking in a polymer photoresist and one-photon absorption of continuous-wave 800-nm light is used simultaneously to deactivate the photopolymerization. By employing spatial phase-shaping of the deactivation beam, we demonstrate the fabrication of features with scalable resolution along the beam axis, down to a 40-nm minimum feature size. We anticipate application of this technique for the fabrication of diverse two- and three-dimensional structures with a feature size that is a small fraction of the wavelength of the light employed.
Thermal Modulation of Nanomotor Movement (2009)

Motion control is essential for various applications of man-made nanomachines. The ability to control and regulate the movement of catalytic nanowire motors is illustrated by applying short heat pulses that allow the motors to be accelerated or slowed down. The accelerated motion observed during the heat pulses is attributed primarily to the thermal activation of the redox reactions of the H(2)O(2) fuel at the Pt and Au segments and to the decreased viscosity of the aqueous medium at elevated temperatures. The thermally modulated motion during repetitive temperature on/off cycles is highly reversible and fast, with speeds of 14 and 45 microm s(-1) at 25 and 65 degrees C, respectively. A wide range of speeds can be generated by tailoring the temperature to yield a linear speed-temperature dependence. Through the use of nickel-containing nanomotors, the ability to combine the thermally regulated motion of catalytic nanomotors with magnetic guidance is also demonstrated. Such on-demand control of the movement of nanowire motors holds great promise for complex operations of future manmade nanomachines and for creating more sophisticated nanomotors.
Mutually interpenetrating inorganic-organic networks. New routes into nonshrinking sol-gel composite materials (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutually interpenetrating inorganic-organic networks. New routes into nonshrinking sol-gel composite materialsMark W. Ellsworth and Bruce M. NovakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2756–2758Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of the Arterivirus Replication/Transcription Complex: a Key Role for Nonstructural Protein 3 in the Remodeling of Intracellular Membranes (2008)

The replication/transcription complex of the arterivirus equine arteritis virus (EAV) is associated with paired membranes and/or double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) that are thought to originate from the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, coexpression of two putative transmembrane nonstructural proteins (nsp2 and nsp3) was found to suffice to induce these remarkable membrane structures, which are typical of arterivirus infection. Here, site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate the role of nsp3 in more detail. Liberation of the hydrophobic N terminus of nsp3, which is normally achieved by cleavage of the nsp2/3 junction by the nsp2 protease, was nonessential for the formation of DMVs. However, the substitution of each of a cluster of four conserved cysteine residues, residing in a predicted luminal loop of nsp3, completely blocked DMV formation. Some of these mutant nsp3 proteins were also found to be highly cytotoxic, in particular, exerting a dramatic effect on the endoplasmic reticulum. The functionality of an engineered N glycosylation site in the cysteine-containing loop confirmed both its presence in the lumen and the transmembrane nature of nsp3. This mutant displayed an interesting intermediate phenotype in terms of DMV formation, with paired and curved membranes being formed, but DMV formation apparently being impaired. The effect of nsp3 mutations on replicase polyprotein processing was investigated, and several mutations were found to influence processing of the region downstream of nsp3 by the nsp4 main protease. When tested in an EAV reverse genetics system, none of the nsp3 mutations was tolerated, again underlining the crucial role of the protein in the arterivirus life cycle.
Rapamycin inhibits GM‐CSF‐induced neutrophil migration (2003)

The molecular mechanisms that govern cell movement are the subject of intense study, as they impact biologically and medically important processes such as leukocyte chemotaxis and angiogenesis, among others. We demonstrate that leukocyte chemotaxis is prevented by the macrolide immunosuppressant rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal p70-S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. Both neutrophil chemotaxis and chemokinesis elicited by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were strongly inhibited by rapamycin with an IC(50) of 0.3 nM. Inhibition, although at a higher dose, was also observed when the chemoattractant was interleukin-8. As for the mechanism, rapamycin targeted the increase of phosphorylation of p70S6K due to GM-CSF treatment, as demonstrated with specific anti-p70S6K immunoprecipitation and subsequent immunoblotting with anti-T(421)/S(424) antibodies. Rapamycin also inhibited GM-CSF-induced actin polymerization, a hallmark of leukocyte migration. The specificity of the effect of rapamycin was confirmed by the use of the structural analog FK506, which did not have a significant effect on chemotaxis but effectively rescued rapamycin-induced p70S6K inhibition. This was expected from a competitive effect of both molecules on FK506-binding proteins (FKBP). Additionally, GM-CSF-induced chemotaxis was completely (>90%) blocked by a combination of rapamycin and the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD-98059. In summary, the results presented here indicate for the first time that rapamycin, at sub-nanomolar concentrations, inhibits GM-CSF-induced chemotaxis and chemokinesis. This serves to underscore the relevance of the mTOR/S6K pathway in neutrophil migration.
Cutaneous absorption of N‐alkyl α‐cyanoacrylate (1968)

Abstract Three monomers, β‐ 14 C‐tagged methyl, n butyl, and n ‐heptyl α‐cyanoacrylate, have been applied to intact skin and split‐thickness skin‐graft donor sites on rats. The data indicate that the urinary 14 C activity is in the order: methyl &gt; n ‐butyl or n heptyl. Also, the urinary activity, when the monomers are applied to the split thickness skin graft donor sites, is approximately threefold greater than when the monomers are applied to intact skin. The conclusion is that the application of cyanoacrylate monomer to the skin is not only topical in nature, but may involve the internal milieu as well.
INDUCTION OF MUTATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BY ETHYLMETHANE SULPHONATE (1975)

Staphylococcus aureus strains were treated with ethylmethane sulphonate with the object of obtaining mutants that differed from the wild type in one of the properties that might contribute to virulence. Mutants with isolated loss or deficient production of gamma-haemolysin, coagulase, leucocidin and staphylokinase were obtained. Changes in more than one property were often observed. The loss of delta-lysin production was always coupled with an appreciable reduction in P-V leucocidin production. With that exception, systematised combined loss of a restricted number of staphylococcal characteristics was not observed. Mutants that had lost all characteristics of S. aureus were phage-resistant. Isolated loss of staphylokinase production and deficient P-V leucocidin production were found to be due to the independent loss of two prophages.
Pyrophosphorolytic Excision of Nonobligate Chain Terminators by Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase (2007)

Nonobligate chain terminators, such as 2'-C-methylated nucleotides, block RNA synthesis by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Previous studies with related viral polymerases have shown that classical chain terminators lacking the 3'-hydroxyl group can be excised in the presence of pyrophosphate (PP(i)), which is detrimental to the inhibitory activity of these compounds. Here we demonstrate that the HCV RdRp enzyme is capable of removing both obligate and clinically relevant nonobligate chain terminators. Pyrimidines are more efficiently excised than are purines. The presence of the next complementary templated nucleotide literally blocks the excision of obligate chain terminators through the formation of a dead-end complex (DEC). However, 2'-C-methylated CMP is still cleaved efficiently under these conditions. These findings show that a 2'-methylated primer terminus impedes nucleotide binding. The S282T mutation, associated with resistance to 2'-C-methylated nucleotides, does not affect the excision patterns. Thus, the decreased susceptibility to 2'-C-methylated nucleotides appears to be based solely on improved discrimination between the inhibitor and its natural counterpart. In conclusion, our data suggest that the phosphorolytic excision of nonobligate, pyrimidine-based chain terminators can diminish their potency. The templated nucleotide does not appear to provide protection from excision through DEC formation.