gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallocenes (2006)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Polyethylene and Polypropylene 3. Cycloolefin Copolymers 4. Syndiotactic Polystyrene 5. Supporting of Metallocene Catalysts By application of metallocenes a new catalyst family has been introduced into polyolefin production, the most quickly growing market in the polymer industries. The easy modification of the metallocene catalyst structure brought about improvements in catalyst activities, comonomer incorporation, and polymer properties. It became possible to tailor in a wide range the microstructure of polyolefins such as chain length, molecular mass distribution, polypropylene tacticity, and comonomer distribution. Ethylene/oct‐1‐ene and cycloolefin copolymers, syndiotactic or isoblock polypropylenes and syndiotactic polystyrene are some types of new industrially produced polymers. The polyolefins synthesized by metallocene catalysts show a narrow molecular mass distribution of 2 and in some cases long chain branches.
A Primer on Python for Life Science Researchers (2007)

Python's capabilities include scientific plotting [5,26–29], GUI building [30–32], automatic Web page generation [33–35], and interfacing with Windows components [36,37] and with external programs like R [38] and Matlab [39]. As hardware becomes faster, a computer's raw processing time is less relevant than scientist's time [40]. Scripting languages allow the programmer to do more in less time, making Python an excellent choice for bioinformatics data analysis.
High performance fully and partially depleted poly-Si surrounding gate transistors (1999)

High performance poly-Si surrounding gate transistors have been demonstrated. A mobility of 567 cm/sup 2//V-s and a high I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio of 1.6/spl times/10/sup 9/ were achieved. To our knowledge, this is the best performance reported to date in TFT devices. By controlling the channel doping and gate oxide thickness, partially depleted (PD) and fully depleted (FD) transistors were fabricated. An analytic solution of the electric potential inside the FD transistor channel has been used to understand device performance. Finally, we demonstrate good uniformity of the subthreshold characteristics in this 3D transistor structure.
A BER performance-aware early termination scheme for layered LDPC decoder (2010)

This paper presents a novel early termination scheme for layered LDPC decoder. By solving the bit error rate (BER) performance degradation which will occur when other early termination schemes are applied in layered LDPC decoder, the proposed method achieves very fast termination speed without BER performance loss. It is the best solution for BER performance-aware layered LDPC decoders, such as satellite video broadcasting applications.
Untangling and Smoothing of Quadrilateral and Hexahedral Meshes (2012)

In this paper, we extend a simultaneous untangling and smoothing technique previously developed for triangular and tetrahedral meshes to quadrilateral and hexahedral ones. Specifically, we present a technique that iteratively untangles and smooths a given quadrilateral or hexahedral mesh by minimizing an objective function defined in terms of a modification of an algebraic quality measure. The proposed method optimizes the mesh quality by a local node relocation process. That is, without modifying the mesh connectivity. Finally, we present several examples to show that the proposed technique obtains valid meshes composed by high-quality quadrilaterals and hexahedra, even when we start from tangled meshes…
Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Murine Hypophosphatasia (2007)

Enzyme replacement using a bone-targeted, recombinant form of human TNALP prevents infantile HPP in Akp2-/- mice.
Monocyte and M1 Macrophage-induced Barrier Defect Contributes to Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in IBD (2015)

Lamina propria monocytes and M1 macrophages invading intestinal tissues directly contribute to disrupting the epithelial barrier through deregulation of tight junction proteins and induction of epithelial cell apoptosis, thus driving intestinal inflammation in IBD.
Laser coherent control of molecular chiral states via entanglement of the rotational and torsional degrees of freedom (2002)

Abstract A new mechanism for controlling chiral states in simple chiral molecules with internal rotation, which employs the coherent quantum entanglement of the rotational–torsional states of the molecules, is proposed. It requires no preliminary spatial alignment of the molecules in a solution. A novel scenario for the preferential laser synthesis of enantiomers from a racemic solution of chiral molecules employing this new mechanism of inducing chirality is proposed and analyzed in detail and experimental scheme realizing this scenario is discussed. It is suggested that a non‐linear optical activity coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (NOA‐CARS) spectroscopic technique is used for both inducing the gyration wave in the medium (vapor) of chiral molecules and detecting this photoinduced gyration wave in the medium by registering the NOA‐CARS signal. All numerical estimates are made for the hydrogen peroxide and deuterated hydrogen peroxide chiral molecules. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Neurosurgical Imaging of Human Intracortical Melanoma (1998)

OCT can effectively differentiate normal cortex from intracortical melanoma based on variations in optical backscatter. The high-resolution, high-speed imaging capabilities of OCT may permit the intraoperative identification of tumor and the more precise localization of tumor margins.
4′-Thio-RNA: Synthesis of Mixed Base 4′-ThioOligoribonucleotides, Nuclease Resistance, and Base Pairing Properties with Complementary Single and Double Strand (1995)

4'-Thio-beta-D-oligoribonucleotides (12 mer and 16 mer) containing a mixed base sequence were synthesized via the phosphoramidite solid support approach. These RNA analogs showed very good nuclease resistance as compared with wild-type RNA. Furthermore, 4'-thio-beta-D-oligoribonucleotides were shown to hybridize with a complementary DNA or RNA strand to form a duplex or with a DNA hairpin to form a triple helix. 4'-Thio-RNA binds more tightly to its complementary RNA strand than to its complementary DNA strand. A 4'-thio-RNA:RNA duplex is as stable as a 2'-O-methyl-RNA:RNA duplex. 4'-Thio-RNA, however, forms a 4'-thio-RNA:DNA:DNA triplex with a stability similar to the corresponding triplex with all wild-type DNA.
Cardiac troponin T and cardiac troponin I: relative values in short-term risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes. GUSTO-IIa Investigators. (1998)

We compared cardiac troponins T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) collected within 3.5 h of ischemic symptoms for predicting clinical outcomes in 770 patients. cTnT (cutoff > 0.1 microgram/L) and cTnI (cutoff > 1.5 micrograms/L) were concordant (both positive or negative) in 90.4% of patients. Among discordant results, 66 were cTnT positive and cTnI negative vs 8 who showed the reverse (P < 0.001). Five cTnT-positive and cTnI-negative patients died within 30 days; none who were cTnT negative and cTnI positive died. cTnT showed a slightly greater association (chi 2 = 18.0, P < 0.001) with 30-day mortality than cTnI (chi 2 = 12.5, P = 0.002). The area of the ROC curve for predicting 30-day mortality was significantly larger (Z = 2.08; P = 0.0375) for cTnT, at 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.75], compared with cTnI, at 0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.72). When cTnI and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were put in a logistic multiple regression model, cTnT added significant information (chi 2 = 8.03, P = 0.045); however, cTnI did not add to a model containing cTnT and the ECG (chi 2 = 0.84, P = 0.657). cTnT provided more information than cTnI for predicting 30-day mortality early after presentation with acute coronary syndromes.
Contour Detection and Hierarchical Image Segmentation (2010)

This paper investigates two fundamental problems in computer vision: contour detection and image segmentation. We present state-of-the-art algorithms for both of these tasks. Our contour detector combines multiple local cues into a globalization framework based on spectral clustering. Our segmentation algorithm consists of generic machinery for transforming the output of any contour detector into a hierarchical region tree. In this manner, we reduce the problem of image segmentation to that of contour detection. Extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that both our contour detection and segmentation methods significantly outperform competing algorithms. The automatically generated hierarchical segmentations can be interactively refined by user-specified annotations. Computation at multiple image resolutions provides a means of coupling our system to recognition applications.
Expression of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor in clear cell acanthoma (2006)

The aetiopathogenic mechanism underlying clear cell acanthoma (CCA) is not completely clear and it has been postulated that CCA and psoriasis may have a similar pathogenesis because of the common features shared by the two diseases. As it has been recently demonstrated that in psoriatic lesions the paracrine epithelial growth factors [keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7 and FGF-10] are involved in promoting and sustaining the keratinocyte hyperproliferation, the aim of this study was to analyse the expression of KGF on CCA lesions and to search for a role of this growth factor in CCA pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an up-modulation of KGF in CCA, although the immunostaining was variable among the different samples collected. Positive immunoreactivity for KGF was detected mainly on dermal areas where the inflammatory infiltrate was more pronounced suggesting a relationship between lymphocyte activation and KGF up-modulation. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay performed on mRNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CCA and normal skin (NS) samples further demonstrated the overexpression of the KGF/FGF-7 gene in all CCA samples compared with NS. Moreover, the evaluation by immunohistochemistry of KGF receptor distribution, the high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor for KGF, showed a down-modulation of this receptor, as previously reported in the presence of increased levels of KGF. Taken together these results suggest the inflammatory nature of CCA and further support the hypothesis that this disease may represent, like psoriasis, an inflammatory dermatosis in which KGF up-modulation may be responsible for keratinocyte hyperproliferation and may represent a new common feature of both diseases.
Abstract B154: A first-in-human trial of GDC-0068: A novel, oral, ATP-competitive Akt inhibitor, demonstrates robust suppression of the Akt pathway in surrogate and tumor tissues. (2011)

Abstract GDC-0068 is a highly selective ATP-competitive small molecule that inhibits all three isoforms of Akt with IC50 values of 5 to 30 nM. GDC-0068 selectively inhibits cancer cells with activated Akt signaling (e.g. via PTEN loss or PIK3CA mutations). Patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with GDC-0068 using a 3+3 escalation design. GDC-0068 was dosed PO QD on a 21-day on, 7-day off schedule; endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and determination of pathway knockdown. Pharmacodynamics (PD) endpoints in surrogate tissue [platelet rich plasma (PRP)] were evaluated in all patients. In addition, at least two patients per cohort had pre- and on-treatment (day 15) tumor biopsies at doses ≥100mg QD. The tumor tissue samples were evaluated using reverse phase protein array (RPPA). Thirty patients were enrolled across 7 cohorts (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg QD). GDC-0068 was generally well-tolerated at doses ≤ 600 mg. Preliminary PK analyses show a dose proportional increase in exposure over the dose range tested. In addition, clinical exposures at doses ≥ 200 mg QD met or exceeded GDC-0068 exposures associated with tumor stasis in multiple PTEN null preclinical xenograft models. PK/PD evaluation showed dose-dependent Akt pathway inhibition in the PRP assay, with ≥70% inhibition of pGSK3 in all patients at doses ≥ 200 mg QD. Pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies showed ≥50% decrease in pPRAS40 and cyclin D1 in multiple patients at doses of 200 mg QD and higher. In addition, evidence of feedback activation of the MAP kinase pathway after treatment with GDC-0068 was observed in biopsy samples. One patient with PTEN low/ PIK3CA H1047R/ KRAS wt CRC had prolonged stable disease and showed Akt pathway suppression by multiple downstream markers. GDC-0068 is well tolerated at doses ≤ 600 mg with a favorable safety profile and dose proportional pharmacokinetics. Treatment with GDC-0068 results in substantial pathway knockdown in both surrogate and tumor tissues at doses ≥ 200 mg QD. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B154.
Nucleotide sequence of a genomic and a cDNA clone encoding an extracellular alkaline protease ofAspergillus fumigatus (1992)

An Aspergillus fumigatus extracellular alkaline protease (ALP) which is an enzyme of the subtilisin family is a potential virulent factor of the fungus. The gene encoding ALP was isolated from a genomic library made from DNA of an A. fumigatus isolate. The nucleotide sequence of this gene was compared to that of a cDNA encoding A. oryzae ALP and to that of a cDNA from A. fumigatus encoding the mature ALP protein. Mature A. fumigatus ALP contains 282 amino acids and is encoded by three exons. The pre-proenzyme has a leader sequence of 121 amino acids.
Amnion-derived stem cells: in quest of clinical applications (2011)

In the promising field of regenerative medicine, human perinatal stem cells are of great interest as potential stem cells with clinical applications. Perinatal stem cells could be isolated from normally discarded human placentae, which are an ideal cell source in terms of availability, the fewer number of ethical concerns, less DNA damage, and so on. Numerous studies have demonstrated that some of the placenta-derived cells possess stem cell characteristics like pluripotent differentiation ability, particularly in amniotic epithelial (AE) cells. Term human amniotic epithelium contains a relatively large number of stem cell marker-positive cells as an adult stem cell source. In this review, we introduce a model theory of why so many AE cells possess stem cell characteristics. We also describe previous work concerning the therapeutic applications and discuss the pluripotency of the AE cells and potential pitfalls for amnion-derived stem cell research.
Delivery of human vascular endothelial growth factor with platinum coils enhances wall thickening and coil impregnation in a rat aneurysm model. (2001)

These results suggest that rhVEGF may be beneficial in promoting endothelialization, clot organization, and tissue integration of the coils. This is the first study to hypothesize that rhVEGF may be useful as a surface modification to GDCs for enhancing their therapeutic effects in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content (1976)

Adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) which had been fed, since hatching, on either a conventional diet (low-fibre) or on the same diet diluted with 200 g oak sawdust/kg (high-fibre) took 8 to 10 d to adjust their food intake when their diets were interchanged. 2. Those fed on high-fibre weighed less than those fed on low-fibre diet, and body weight changed rapidly when the diets were interchanged. All the birds digested about the same weight of nutrients in a day, irrespective of diet, and this suggests that body weight differences were due mainly to differences in energy utilisation, birds fed on high-fibre diet having to expend more energy on feeding than those fed on low-fibre diet. 3. Gut size was greater in birds fed on high-fibre diet, presumably to accommodate the greater bulk of food eaten, and when the diets were interchanged the gut dimension of both groups changed at similar rates, reaching the appropriate sizes for the respective diets in 3 to 4 weeks.
Spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro (2004)

Little is known of molecular requirements for specification of human germ cells. However, it is likely that they are specified through the action of sequentially expressed genes just as in model organisms. We sought to determine whether human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, like those of mice, might be capable of forming germ cells in vitro. We compared transcriptional profiles of three pluripotent human ES cells to those of isolated inner cell mass (ICM) cells. We found that ICM cells expressed NANOS1, STELLAR and OCT4, whereas undifferentiated human ES cells expressed these genes along with the germ cell-specific gene, DAZL. Upon ES cell differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs), we observed a shift in expression from RNA and protein markers of immature germ cells to those indicative of mature germ cells, including expression of VASA, BOL, SCP1, SCP3, GDF9 and TEKT1. Although ability to test the function of these putative VASA positive germ cells is limited, these results demonstrate that differentiation of human ES cells into EBs in vitro results in formation of cells that express markers specific to gonocytes.
The TMS34010: an embedded microprocessor (1988)

The authors discuss the TMS34010, a high-performance 32-bit microprocessor with special instructions and hardware for handling the bit-field data and address manipulations often associated with computer graphics. They give a history of embedded microprocessors and examine the wide range of processors and applications covered by that term. They provide an overview of the internal architecture of the TMS34010 and discuss the choice of feature set in its design. Although it is aimed at graphics systems, the processor's large address reach, bit-field processing, and DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) interface make it suitable for many other embedded processing applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis of the zinc fingers of transcription factor ADR1: residues that contact DNA and that transactivate. (1991)

To identify functionally important amino acids in the two zinc fingers of transcription factor ADR1 [alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) II synthesis regulator], oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute alanine for the original amino acid at each position in both fingers. The effects of these mutations on DNA binding and thermal stability of ADR1 in vitro and on activation of ADH2 expression in vivo were measured. The DNA binding activity was remarkably heatstable. Amino acids that are candidates for DNA contact sites were identified in the finger-tip and alpha-helical region of each finger, three in the first finger and two in the second. Unexpectedly, an acidic residue in the first finger was essential for transactivation, but its replacement by alanine had no effect on DNA binding. Substitution at several highly conserved positions did not affect ADR1 functions. The ADR1 zinc fingers appear to make relatively few energetically significant contacts to DNA, perhaps as few as three in the first finger and one in the second.
In Vivo Survival of  Viral Antigen–specific T Cells that Induce Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1998)

A peptide derived from the human papillomavirus L2 protein is recognized by a myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell clone from a multiple sclerosis patient and by MBP-specific autoantibodies purified from multiple sclerosis brain tissue. We now show in mice that low doses of this papillomavirus peptide were optimal in selecting a subpopulation of papillomavirus peptide-specific T cells that cross-reacted with MBP(87-99) and with an unrelated viral peptide derived from the BSLF1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These low dose viral peptide- specific T cell lines were highly encephalitogenic. Splenocytes from mice transferred with viral peptide-specific T cells showed a vigorous response to both the papillomavirus and MBP peptides, indicating that viral antigen-specific T cells survived for a prolonged time in vivo. The EBV peptide, unable to prime and select an autoreactive T cell population, could still activate the low dose papillomavirus peptide-specific cells and induce central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Cytokine profiles of papillomavirus peptide-specific encephalitogenic T cells and histopathology of CNS lesions resembled those induced by MBP. These results demonstrate conserved aspects in the recognition of the self-antigen and a cross-reactive viral peptide by human and murine MBP-specific T cell receptors. We demonstrate that a viral antigen, depending on its nature, dose, and number of exposures, may select autoantigen-specific T cells that survive in vivo and can trigger autoimmune disease after adoptive transfer.
On Internet Authentication (1994)

This section briefly defines some of the terms used in this paper to aid the reader in understanding these suggestions.Other references on this subject might be using slightly different terms and definitions because the security community has not reached full consensus on all definitions.The definitions provided here are specifically focused on the matters discussed in this particular document.Active Attack: An attempt to improperly modify data, gain authentication, or gain authorization by inserting false packets into the data stream or by modifying packets transiting the data stream.(See passive attacks and replay attacks.)Asymmetric Cryptography: An encryption system that uses different keys, for encryption and decryption.The two keys have an intrinsic mathematical relationship to each other.Also called Public˜Key˜Cryptography. (See Symmetric Cryptography)Authentication: The verification of the identity of the source of information.
A miniature forward-imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has had a tremendous global health impact upon the current ability to diagnose, treat, and monitor multiple eye diseases. We propose that a miniature forward-imaging OCT probe can be developed for real-time ocular imaging. A miniature 25-gauge forward-imaging probe was designed and developed to use with an 850 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) system (Bioptigen, Inc. Durham, NC). Imaging parameters were determined. Ocular tissues were examined with the miniature OCT probe. A miniature SDOCT probe was developed with the scanning driver within the hand piece. The SDOCT fiber-scanning probe maximally transmitted power of 800 &mu;W. The scanning range was 3 mm when the probe tip was held 3 to 5 mm from the tissue surface. The axial resolution was 6 &mu;m and the lateral resolution was 30-35 &#956;m. The 25-gauge forward-imaging probe was used to image cellophane tape, eyelid skin, cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, iris, anterior lens, anterior chamber angle, retina, retinal tear, retinal detachment, optic nerve head, and optic nerve sheath. Images obtained from the miniature probe appeared similar to images from a 3 mm scanning range of a commercial large handheld OCT probe (Bioptigen, Inc. Durham, NC).
Pyrrolopyridazines. 1. Synthesis and reactivity of pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridazine 5‐oxides (1973)

Abstract Reaction of ethyl 4‐ethoxymethyleneamino‐3‐methoxy‐5‐pyridazinylpyruvate 1‐oxide ( 8 ) under various conditions constitutes a new approach to substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazines. The resulting substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazine 5‐oxides were allowed to react further to provide a number of new compounds in this ring system.