gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beta 1 integrin- and proteoglycan-mediated stimulation of T lymphoma cell adhesion and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-1 peptides. (1999)

Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions play important regulatory roles in lymphocyte homeostasis. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein that differentially promotes the adhesion of resting and activated T cells. In this work, we show that adhesion of Jurkat T cells on substrates coated with TSP1 or TSP1-derived peptides is mediated by beta 1 integrins, CD47, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Interactions with TSP1 or TSP1 peptides stimulated CD3-induced Ras activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of several T cell proteins. The signals from TSP1 and its derived peptides differentially synergized with activation of the TCR to induce phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 kinases. The phosphorylation of ERK in the presence of full-length TSP1 was transient and dependent on a beta 1 integrin receptor. Interestingly, peptides derived from the type 1 repeats of TSP1 and a CD47-binding peptide from the carboxyl-terminal domain of TSP1 also stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, the TSP1 heparin-binding peptide synergized with Ab-ligated TCR to transduce signals to the nucleus, detected by activation of AP-1- and Elk-dependent transcription. This TSP1 peptide-dependent activation of AP-1 was inhibited by both heparin and the MAP/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, providing a functional link between adhesion molecule interaction and nuclear transactivation events via the MAP kinase pathways. These findings have implications for the role of extracellular TSP1 and TSP1 fragments in the regulation of T cell function during hemostasis, wound repair, and other inflammatory responses.
Optimizing Fracture Spacing and Sequencing in Horizontal Well Fracturing (2010)

Abstract The opening of propped fractures results in the redistribution of local earth stresses. In this paper, the extent of stress reversal and reorientation has been calculated for fractured horizontal wells using a three-dimensional numerical model of the stress interference induced by the creation of one or more propped fractures. The results have been analyzed for their impact on simultaneous and sequential fracturing of horizontal wells. Horizontal wells with multiple fractures are now commonly used in unconventional (low permeability) gas reservoirs. The spacing between perforations and the number and orienation of transverse fractures all have a major impact on well production. Our results demonstrate that a transverse fracture initiated from a horizontal well may deviate away from the previous fracture. The effect of the reservoir's mechanical properties on the spatial extent of stress reorientation caused by an opened crack has been quantified. The paper takes into account the presence of layers that bound the pay zone, but which have different mechanical properties from the pay zone. The fracture vertical growth into the bounding layers is also examined. It is shown that stress interference, or reorientation, increases with the number of fractures created and also depends on the sequence of fracturing. Three fracturing sequences are investigated for a typical field case in the Barnett shale: (a) consecutive fracturing, (b) alternate fracturing and (c) simultaneous fracturing of adjacent wells. The numerical calculation of the fracture spacing required to avoid fracture deviation during propagation, for all three fracturing techniques, demonstrate the potential advantages of alternate fracture sequencing and zipper-fracs to improve the performance of stimulation treatments in horizontal wells.
Intramuscular administration of expression plasmids encoding interferon-γ receptor/IgG1 or IL-4/IgG1 chimeric proteins protects from autoimmunity (1999)

Gene therapy by i.m. injection of these plasmids protects NOD mice from autoimmunity, and the IL-4/IgG1 vector is more effective despite low circulating protein levels. These chimeric proteins consist of nonimmunogenic self elements and are suitable for long-term therapy of autoimmune disorders.
Theory and Modeling of Continuous Electrowetting Microactuation (1999)

Abstract This paper investigates theoretical aspects of microactuation by continuous electrowetting (CEW), actuation based on electrical control of surface tension. Known as a powerful actuation mechanism in microscale for some time, compatibility of CEW with lithographic fabrication technologies of MEMS has been demonstrated recently. This paper describes theoretical interpretation and modeling of the motion by CEW, explaining the experimental observation. We considered several electrochemical and fluid mechanical effects important for further microfluidic applications. These include details of fluid motion, modeling for different modes of motion, and the effect of fluid resistance in the micro channel.
Propagation in doubly clad single-mode fibers (1982)

General propagation properties and universal curves are given for doubly clad single-mode fibers with inner cladding index higher or lower than outer cladding index, using the two parameters: inner cladding/core radii ratio and inner cladding/core index differences ratio. LPO1, LP11, and LPO2 cutoff conditions are examined. It is shown that dispersion properties largely differ from the singly clad single-mode fiber case, leading to large new possibilities for low-loss dispersion-free fibers at any wavelength between 1.3 and 1.7 μm.
The Effectiveness of Intramuscular Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Responses During Tracheal Intubation and Anesthesia Induction of Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2007)

The results of this study suggest that IM DMED 2.5 μg/kg administered 45 to 60 minutes before anesthesia induction attenuated, but did not completely prevent, hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation in these patients with essential hypertension.
Efficient example-based painting and synthesis of 2D directional texture (2004)

We present a new method for converting a photo or image to a synthesized painting following the painting style of an example painting. Treating painting styles of brush strokes as sample textures, we reduce the problem of learning an example painting to a texture synthesis problem. The proposed method uses a hierarchical patch-based approach to the synthesis of directional textures. The key features of our method are: 1) Painting styles are represented as one or more blocks of sample textures selected by the user from the example painting; 2) image segmentation and brush stroke directions defined by the medial axis are used to better represent and communicate shapes and objects present in the synthesized painting; 3) image masks and a hierarchy of texture patches are used to efficiently synthesize high-quality directional textures. The synthesis process is further accelerated through texture direction quantization and the use of Gaussian pyramids. Our method has the following advantages: First, the synthesized stroke textures can follow a direction field determined by the shapes of regions to be painted. Second, the method is very efficient; the generation time of a synthesized painting ranges from a few seconds to about one minute, rather than hours, as required by other existing methods, on a commodity PC. Furthermore, the technique presented here provides a new and efficient solution to the problem of synthesizing a 2D directional texture. We use a number of test examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and the high quality of results produced by the method.
Clearance of HIV Infection in a Perinatally Infected Infant (1995)

The infant we describe was infected perinatally with HIV-1, but the infection subsequently cleared and the infant remained without detectable HIV-1 infection five years later.
The majority of neutralizing Abs in HIV-1-infected patients recognize linear V3 loop sequences. Studies using HIV-1MN multiple antigenic peptides. (1994)

Multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) comprising eight synthetic peptides corresponding to the V3 loop of HIV-1MN or HIV-1IIIB linked to a lysine core were used to characterize the humoral Ab response of HIV-1-infected patients against this domain. One hundred percent of the tested sera from HIV-1-infected European patients reacted significantly with the HIV-1MN V3 loop MAP. Most, but not all, sera also reacted against the HIV-1IIIB V3 loop MAP, albeit with low titers. The in vitro neutralization capacity of the patients' sera against HIV-1MN or HIV-1IIIB infection were tested. All sera showed significant neutralizing titers against HIV-1MN, in comparison with the low (when detectable) neutralizing titers against HIV-1IIIB. Competition assays revealed that the majority of HIV-1MN-neutralizing Abs in patients' sera react with the V3 loop peptides. Only a small fraction of the total neutralizing capacity, presumably specific for other neutralizing epitopes, could not be adsorbed with HIV-1MN V3 loop peptides. The V3 loop peptides could also compete for the binding of Abs in patients' sera mediating Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of HIV-1MN infected cells, inhibiting 30 to 80% of the ADCC activity. Finally, the HIV-1MN V3 loop MAP, when used as immunogen in the presence of RIBI adjuvant without a carrier protein, elicited Abs able to neutralize HIV-1MN (but not HIV-1IIIB) and to initiate ADCC of HIV-1MN-infected cells. This neutralizing and ADCC activity, mediated by V3MN-specific rabbit Abs, could be totally absorbed by V3MN loop peptides.
A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction (2004)

Human eye gaze is a strong candidate to create a new application area based on human-computer interaction. To implement a really practical gaze-based interaction system, gaze detection must be realized without placing any restriction on the user's behavior or comfort. This paper describes a gaze tracking system that offers freehead, simple personal calibration. It does not require the user wear anything on her head, and she can move her head freely. Personal calibration takes only a very short time; the user is asked to look at two markers on the screen. An experiment shows that the accuracy of the implemented system is about 1.0 degrees (view angle).
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Pyridinylcarbonylpyrimidines Against Melanoma Cell Line (2011)

The synthesis of the series of pyrimidinylamines 1a-d and pyrimidinylureas 1e-u bearing a novel pyridinylcarbonylpyrimidine scaffold and their antiproliferative activities against A375 human melanoma cell line were described. Among them, three compounds 1e, 1h, and 1o showed superior antiproliferative activities to Sorafenib (<TEX>$IC_{50}=5.5{\mu}M$</TEX>) as a reference compound. In our series, urea compound 1o having 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl moiety on the benzene nucleus exhibited very good antiproliferative activity with <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of <TEX>$1.4{\mu}M$</TEX>.
Detection of a complement-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells in human inflammatory and neoplastic effusions. (1983)

A chemotactic factor for neoplastic cells can be generated in vitro by incubating human C5 or C5a with leukocytic or pancreatic lysosomal enzymes and is also detectable in experimental inflammatory exudates. The authors therefore sought evidence for the existence of this factor in human effusions. Using the Boyden chamber assay, they detected chemotactic activity for MB-MDA-231 human breast carcinoma cells and Walker ascites tumor cells in human inflammatory and neoplastic exudates, including ascites, pleural effusions, synovial fluids and cerebrospinal fluids. Chemotactic activity was not found in transudates, normal cerebrospinal fluid, or normal serum. Human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells from one of the effusions migrated toward autologous ascites and towards the C5-derived chemotactic factor that had been prepared in vitro. In gel filtration the chemotactic factor behaved generally as a molecule having a molecular weight of approximately 6000 daltons. The activity was blocked after incubation with antiserums directed against C5 but not by antiserums directed against C3 or C4. In vitro, chemotactic activity for tumor cells could be generated by incubating extracts of exudate cells with autologous plasma or with purified C5. The authors conclude that a chemotactic factor for tumor cells can be formed in human effusions and that this factor has properties similar to those of a previously described C5-derived chemotactic factor.
Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Synthesis and biological activity of potential prodrugs of benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acids (1993)

In order to improve the oral bioavailability (BA) of 2-butyl-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-benzimid azole - 7-carboxylic acid (3: CV-11194) and 2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl]methyl]-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid (4: CV-11974), novel angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists, chemical modification to yield prodrugs has been examined. After selective tritylation of the tetrazole rings in 3 and 4, treatment of N-tritylated benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acids (6, 7) with a variety of alkyl halides, followed by deprotection with hydrochloric acid, afforded esters of 3 and 4. Mainly 1-(acyloxy)alkyl esters and 1-[(alkoxycarbonyl)oxy]alkyl esters, double ester derivatives, were synthesized. Their inhibitory effect on AII-induced pressor response in rats and oral BA were investigated. (Pivaloyloxy)methyl and (+/-)-1-[[(cyclohexyloxy)-carbonyl]oxy]ethyl esters of 3 and 4 showed marked increases in oral bioavailability which significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of the parent compounds on AII-induced pressor response. Among them, (+/-)-1-[[(cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl 2- ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-benzimida zole- 7-carboxylate (10s, TCV-116) was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.
Development of a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in cells of intact barley tissue (1997)

The development of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation system made it possible to consider the use of maize Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposable elements for gene tagging in transgenic barley plants. However, barley transformation is time-consuming, and therefore a simple transient assay for Ac/Ds activity in intact barley tissues was developed to test the components of a proposed gene tagging system, prior to their stable introduction into plants. In this assay, barley scutellar tissue is co-transformed with constructs containing the maize Ac transposase gene and an Escherichia coli uidA reporter gene (Gus), the expression of which is interrupted by a maize Ds element. In transformed barley scutellar cells, Ac transposase-mediated excision of the Ds element generates a functional Gus gene, leading to histochemically detectable GUS activity. Characterization of the excision products showed that they had a pattern of nucleotide deletions and/or transversions similar to that found in maize and other heterologous plant systems. In addition, although contrary to the situation observed in heterologous dicot systems, efficient Ds excision in barley, a heterologous monocot system, appears to be inversely associated with Ac copy number, a finding similar to the Ac dosage effects observed in maize. The transient assay was used to demonstrate functional transposase activity in barley callus lines stably transformed with an Ac transposase gene.
Sharing decisions with patients: is the information good enough? (1999)

Editorial by Richards and Coulter 

Shared decision making, in which patients and health professionals join in both the process of decision making and ownership of the decision made, is attracting considerable interest as a means by which patients' preferences can be incorporated into clinical decisions.1 When there are several treatment options which may have different effects on the patient's quality of life, there is a strong case for offering patients choice. Their active involvement in decision making may increase the effectiveness of the treatment.

Trials are currently under way to test this hypothesis formally, but there are good grounds for optimism. Patients with hypertension benefit if they are allowed to adopt an active rather than a passive role in treatment, 2 3 patients with breast cancer suffer less depression and anxiety if they are treated by doctors who adopt a participative consultation style,4 and patients who are more actively involved in discussions about the management of their diabetes achieve better blood sugar control.5 Patients whose doctors are ignorant of their values and preferences may receive treatment that is inappropriate to their needs.6–8

Patients cannot express informed preferences unless they are given sufficient and appropriate information, including detailed explanations about their condition and the likely outcomes with and without treatment. Yet many report considerable difficulties in obtaining relevant information.9 There are various reasons for this. Health professionals frequently underestimate patients' desire for and ability to cope with information. Consultation times are limited—there is often insufficient time to explain fully the condition and the treatment choices. Health professionals may themselves lack knowledge of treatment options and their effects. A solution to this problem is to ensure that patients have access to written or audiovisual material, to inform themselves and to use in discussion with health …
Click Addition of a DNA Thread to the N-Termini of Peptides for Their Translocation through Solid-State Nanopores (2015)

Foremost among the challenges facing single molecule sequencing of proteins by nanopores is the lack of a universal method for driving proteins or peptides into nanopores. In contrast to nucleic acids, the backbones of which are uniformly negatively charged nucleotides, proteins carry positive, negative and neutral side chains that are randomly distributed. Recombinant proteins carrying a negatively charged oligonucleotide or polypeptide at the C-termini can be translocated through a α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore, but the required genetic engineering limits the generality of these approaches. In this present study, we have developed a chemical approach for addition of a charged oligomer to peptides so that they can be translocated through nanopores. As an example, an oligonucleotide PolyT20 was tethered to peptides through first selectively functionalizing their N-termini with azide followed by a click reaction. The data show that the peptide-PolyT20 conjugates translocated through nanopores, whereas the unmodified peptides did not. Surprisingly, the conjugates with their peptides tethered at the 5'-end of PolyT20 passed the nanopores more rapidly than the PolyT20 alone. The PolyT20 also yielded a wider distribution of blockade currents. The same broad distribution was found for a conjugate with its peptide tethered at the 3'-end of PolyT20, suggesting that the larger blockades (and longer translocation times) are associated with events in which the 5'-end of the PolyT20 enters the pore first.
Convertase PC2 and the Neuroendocrine Polypeptide 7B2 Are Co-Induced and Processed During Neuronal Differentiation of P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1997)

Convertases of the subtilisin/kexin family are responsible for the biological activation of a variety of pro-proteins, pro-hormones, and pro-trophic factors, and thus can modulate various aspects of embryonic development. We investigated the expression of each convertase by Northern hybridization during cell differentiation in vitro, using the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 as a model. The neuroendocrine convertase PC2 and 7B2, its specific binding protein, are co-induced during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells with retinoic acid, whereas the other convertases are not or follow different patterns of temporal expression. The mature forms of PC2 and 7B2 proteins are detected together by immunoblotting following induction of mRNA expression, indicating that these proteins are processed early during brain development. These results demonstrate that PC2 and 7B2 gene expression and protein processing are in a close temporal association during neuronal differentiation and point to the value of the P19 cell model to study the significance and the regulation of this relationship in mammalian brain development.
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Habitual Smokers (1999)

We investigated the effects of 1-week of smoking cessation on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in 39 normotensive male habitual smokers (mean+/-SEM, 32.5+/-1.0 years). The ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG R-R intervals were measured during a 24-hour period with a portable recorder (TM-2425) on the last day of 1-week smoking and nonsmoking periods. The order of the 2 periods was randomized. In the smoking period, the subjects were instructed to smoke cigarettes according to their usual smoking patterns. A power-spectral analysis of R-R intervals was performed to obtain the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components. The percentage of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals >50 milliseconds (pNN50) was used as a time-domain measure of heart rate variability. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period, by 3.5+/-1.1 mm Hg systole [P<0. 01] and by 1.9+/-0.7 mm Hg diastole [P<0.05], whereas the nighttime blood pressure did not differ significantly between the 2 periods. The 24-hour heart rate was significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period, by 7.3+/-1.0 beats/min (P<0.0001). The pNN50 and the 24-hour HF component were significantly higher in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period (P<0.0001 for each). The plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period (P<0.05 for each). These results demonstrate the substantial and immediate benefits of smoking cessation on these cardiovascular indices.
Cloning of the gene for monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and its evolutionary origin (1997)

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase (UDPgalactose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.46) catalyzes formation of MGDG, a major structural lipid of chloroplast. We cloned a cDNA for the synthase from cucumber cDNA library. The full-length cDNA clone was 2142 bp, and it contains a 1575-bp open reading frame encoding 525 aa. The open reading frame consists of the regions for a mature protein (422 aa; Mr of 46,552) and transit peptide to chloroplast (103 aa). Although the molecular weight of mature protein region matched that purified from cucumber cotyledons, it was quite different from those purified from spinach (approximately 20 kDa) reported by other groups. The mature region of the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. The expression in E. coli showed that the protein catalyzed MGDG synthesis very efficiently. Therefore, we concluded that the cDNA encodes MGDG synthase in cucumber. In addition, the deduced amino acid sequence of the MGDG synthase cDNA showed homology with MurG of Bacillus subtilis and E. coli, which encode a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the last step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria. This sequence homology implies that the machinery of chloroplast membrane biosynthesis is evolutionarily derived from that of cell wall biosynthesis in bacteria. This is consistent with the endosymbiotic hypothesis of chloroplast formation.