gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCL5 Neutralization Restricts Cancer Growth and Potentiates the Targeting of PDGFRβ in Colorectal Carcinoma (2011)

Increased CCL5 levels are markers of an unfavourable outcome in patients with melanoma, breast, cervical, prostate, gastric or pancreatic cancer. Here, we have assessed the role played by CCL5/CCR5 interactions in the development of colon cancer. To do so, we have examined a number of human colorectal carcinoma clinical specimens and found CCL5 and its receptors over-expressed within primary as well as liver and pulmonary metastases of patients compared to healthy tissues. In vitro, CCL5 increased the growth and migratory responses of colon cancer cells from both human and mouse origins. In addition, systemic treatment of mice with CCL5-directed antibodies reduced the extent of development of subcutaneous colon tumors, of liver metastases and of peritoneal carcinosis. Consistently, we found increased numbers of CD45-immunoreactive cells within the stroma of the remaining lesions as well as at the interface with the healthy tissue. In contrast, selective targeting of CCR5 through administration of TAK-779, a CCR5 antagonist, only partially compromised colon cancer progression. Furthermore, CCL5 neutralization rendered the tumors more sensitive to a PDGFRβ-directed strategy in mice, this combination regimen offering the greatest protection against liver metastases and suppressing macroscopic peritoneal carcinosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate the involvement of CCL5 in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma and point to its potential value as a therapeutic target.
OXYGEN PERMEATION THROUGH PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES (1985)

Abstract The rate of oxygen permeation through La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ was found to increase with an increase in Sr or Co content, showing that the permeability was mainly controlled by the amount of oxygen vacancies. The results obtained indicate that mixed conductive perovskite-type oxides are promising materials for oxygen permeation at elevated temperatures.
Ethylene is a positive regulator of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana (1995)

Evidence is provided that ethylene is a positive regulator of hair cell development in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Treatment of seedlings with increasing concentrations of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) results in progressively more root hair cells developing in positions normally occupied by non-hair cells. Consistent with these findings are observations that treatments that block either ethylene synthesis or its perception reduce the number of root hairs. A model is proposed in which either ethylene or ACC is a signal involved in specifying the pattern of cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root epidermis.
High internal phase emulsion templates solely stabilised by functionalised titania nanoparticles (2007)

Porous polymer foams (poly-Pickering-HIPEs) have been synthesised from stable high internal phase emulsion templates solely stabilised by low concentrations of functionalised titania nanoparticles.
Thrombo-embolic phenomena in severe asthma. Use of heparin for prevention and treatment in patients receiving ACTH or gluco-steroids. (1963)

Coagulation times and protamine titration values for heparin are apt to be lower than average in patients with allergic disease, particularly asthma. Severe asthma is commonly treated with gluco-corticoids or ACTH. Prolonged high dosage of gluco-corticoids, either endogenous or exogenous, depresses mast cell function and heparin production. Thrombo-embolic phenomena occur frequently in severe cases of asthma so treated, particularly if predisposing vascular disease is present. Heparin can be used to treat and prevent these complications. Adjuvant antiasthmatic effects under these conditions are noted in addition to the desired anticoagulation.
Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia. Autocrine transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression determines growth response to angiotensin II. (1992)

Recent observations in our laboratory suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) is a bifunctional vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth modulator capable of inducing hypertrophy or inhibiting mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis. Because transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has similar bifunctional effects on VSMC growth, we hypothesized that autocrine production of TGF beta 1 may mediate the growth modulatory effects of Ang II. Indeed, this study demonstrates that Ang II induces a severalfold increase in TGF beta 1 mRNA levels within 4 h that is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Ang II not only stimulates the synthesis of latent TGF beta 1, but also promotes its conversion to the biologically active form as measured by bioassay. The coincubation of VSMCs with Ang II and control IgG has no significant mitogenic effect. However, the co-administration of Ang II and the anti-TGF beta 1 antibody stimulates significantly DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. We conclude that: (a) Ang II induces increased TGF beta 1 gene expression via a PKC dependent pathway involving de novo protein synthesis; (b) Ang II promotes the conversion of latent TGF beta 1 to its biologically active form; (c) Ang II modulates VSMC growth by activating both proliferative and antiproliferative pathways; and (d) Autocrine active TGF beta 1 appears to be an important determinant of VSMC growth by hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
Error Detection, Recovery, and Repair in the Translation of Inorganic Nomenclatures. 1. A Study of the Problem (1996)

The treatment of errors generated in the transmission of chemical information from humans to machines is examined. Every type of human-machine communication requires a translation subprocess to deal with the various possible representations of knowledge; the present study was designed to consider errors occurring in such a subsystem. Regardless of the model employed, translation of knowledge is performed over several successive stages; at each stage different types of errors may be detected. A method is proposed to classify these errors according to the stage at which they occur, thus facilitating the generalization of the process. An analysis of errors occurring during the translation of inorganic chemical names is also presented. The particular grammatical features of different nomenclatures would require a study of the errors appearing in the human-machine communication process in modern chemistry-oriented systems, a problem which has only been touched upon in the systems proposed to date. Attention here is centered on lexicographic errors, since that stage of the translation process is completely independent of the model employed and might thus be useful in a more general sense.
The regulation of enzyme activities of the nicotine pathway in tobacco (1986)

The activities of the three enzymes of the route ornithine to the N‐methyl‐Δ 1 ‐pyrrolinium salt and of the eight enzymes of the route quinolinic acid to nicotinic acid (pyridine nucleotide cycle) were determined in the roots of different Nicotiana tabacum L. cultivars and for comparison in tomato ( Lysopersicon esculentum L. cv. Vollendung) roots. Enzyme activities were further followed in different plant organs, dedifferentiated tissues, root organ cultures and in the roots after decapitation of tobacco plants. The data are in accord with the concept that the two routes are predominantly regulated by the enzymes putrescine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19), respectively. Further regulation involves the enzymes NAD + ‐pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.22) and nicotinic acid mononucleotide glycohydrolase; these findings confirm the suggestion that the transformation to nicotinic acid is performed along two routes: either via the synthesis and degradation of NAD + or by a direct step through the action of a specific glycohydrolase.
Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy: effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels. Estratab/Osteoporosis Study Group (1997)

Esterified estrogens at doses from 0.3 to 1.25 mg/d, administered unopposed by progestin, produce a continuum of positive changes on bone and lipids. Plasma estradiol concentrations increased with esterified estrogens dose and were related to positive bone mineral densities. The 0.3-mg dose resulted in positive bone and lipid changes without inducing endometrial hyperplasia.
A Novel Multiple PDZ Domain-containing Molecule Interacting withN-Methyl-d-aspartateReceptors and Neuronal Cell Adhesion Proteins (1998)

At synaptic junctions, pre- and postsynaptic membranes are connected by cell adhesion and have distinct structures for specialized functions. The presynaptic membranes have a machinery for fast neurotransmitter release, and the postsynaptic membranes have clusters of neurotransmitter receptors. The molecular mechanism of the assembly of synaptic junctions is not yet clear. Pioneering studies identified postsynaptic density (PSD)-95/SAP90 as a prototypic synaptic scaffolding protein to maintain the structure of synaptic junctions. PSD-95/SAP90 belongs to a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases and binds N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, potassium channels, and neuroligins through the PDZ domains and GKAP/SAPAP/DAP through the guanylate kinase (GK) domain. We performed here a yeast two-hybrid screening for SAPAP-interacting molecules and identified a novel protein that has an inverse structure of membrane-associated guanylate kinases with an NH2-terminal GK-like domain followed by two WW and five PDZ domains. It binds SAPAP through the GK-like domain and NMDA receptors and neuroligins through the PDZ domains. We named this protein S-SCAM (synaptic scaffolding molecule) because S-SCAM may assemble receptors and cell adhesion proteins at synaptic junctions.
Experimental studies and preliminary clinical trial of vinorelbine-loaded polymeric bioresorbable implants for the local treatment of solid tumors. (1991)

Vinorelbine is a new 5' nor Vinca alkaloid, active by i.v. route, in various types of cancer disease such as non-small cell lung cancer and advanced breast cancer. In order to evaluate the possibility of using this drug for local treatment of cancer, Vinorelbine-loaded bioresorbable polymeric implants were prepared using a copolymer of D,L-lactic and glycolic acids (PLA 37.5 GA 25). According to the manufacturing process, the 1.2-mm-diameter cylindrical rods obtained had a drug content of 1, 5, or 20% (w/w) and released half of their content within about 6 days in vitro. In vivo release in rats was slower, half of the drug being released after about 14 days. A dose-dependent antitumoral effect was observed in mice (solid P388 leukemia model) when implants were administered into or in contact with the tumor. At highest drug loads and when administered soon after tumor implantation, Vinorelbine implants were more effective than i.v. administration (median survival time of treated animals related to untreated controls, greater than 360 versus 188). In dogs, results of toxicity experiments revealed that administration of implants in vital organs must be avoided. On the contrary, s.c. administration was well tolerated. A transient local necrosis was observed in the days following implantation, but normal skin was recovered after about 10 weeks. Thus, a clinical trial was conducted on patients with head and neck cancer; implantation of 20% loaded polymeric implants into the tumor sites succeeded in 8 of 9 patients. The sole failure was attributed to the unusual hardness of the tumor tissue. Except for a local transient inflammatory reaction (easily treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents), no other sign of toxicity was detected, and patients tolerated the device well. Fourteen days after implantation, patients underwent their planned surgery, and the implants were recovered. Residual drug content varied from 24 to 55%. In all cases, there was a clearly delimited necrotic area around the implant, ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 cm in diameter. In the smallest tumors, necrosis was also observed in the normal tissue inside this area. These results invite further studies to evaluate such drug-loaded polymeric implants.
Passive participation of fixed platelets in aggregation facilitated by covalently bound fibrinogen (1983)

Abstract The role of fibrinogen in interplatelet recognition during aggregation was examined by combining two cell types: fresh platelets (in limiting density) activated by thrombin or A23187, and formaldehyde-fixed platelets, bearing cross-linked fibrinogen. The fixed platelets did not aggregate by themselves, nor with resting platelets, but were capable of interacting with activated platelets and of participating passively in aggregation. The participation, expressed by enhanced aggregation, was assayed by the conventional turbidometric traces and by cosedimentation of fixed 3H-platelets with aggregates of fresh platelets. Platelet suspensions, prepared without special means to avert spontaneous activation, retained plasma fibrinogen to the extent of 50 micrograms/ml of a suspension containing 10(8) platelets, and the derived fixed platelets participated in aggregation, independently of added fibrinogen. The capability of such fixed platelets to participate in aggregation was sensitive to proteolytic digestion and to massive acetylation. When platelet separation was aided by apyrase or aspirin, PGE1 and gel filtration, the residual plasma fibrinogen was limited to 0.4 micrograms/ml of 10(8) platelet suspension. The derived fixed platelets were incapable of participating in aggregation unless fibrinogen was added prior to fixation. The affixed fibrinogen could not be replaced by soluble fibrinogen or affixed albumin. It is concluded that fibrinogen, which binds to platelets upon activation or is linked to them covalently, is a recognition site for platelet- platelet interaction during aggregation.
Amplitude modulation and beam-steering properties of active binary phase gratings with reconfigurable absorption areas (1994)

By combining a binary phase grating and materials with a controllable absorption, it is shown theoretically that it is possible to modulate the light in a zero-order diffraction beam and that a high contrast level for the beam modulation can be obtained. The intensity of higher diffraction orders also changes, but it is calculated that high contrasts cannot be achieved for these higher-order beams with the active gratings that we examine. This specific modulator design that we use can be applied both for transmitted and for reflected light. Using the same ideas, one may build a beam-deflection device by varying the period of the grating by selectively changing the absorption levels in the grating. The deflection efficiency of the device can be improved compared with other designs by use of a grating with a reduced intensity of the nondeflected zero-order beam.
A validated FISH trisomy index demonstrates the hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid dichotomy in MGUS (2005)

Two major genetic categories of multiple myeloma (MM) exist. Hyperdiploid MM (48 to 74 chromosomes, median 53 chromosomes) is associated with trisomies especially of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 11, 15, and 19, whereas the nonhyperdiploid (< 48 chromosomes or more than 74 chromosomes) MM is associated with primary translocations such as t(11;14), t(4;14), and t(14;16). Whether this dichotomy exists in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is uncertain due to limitations of current methods in the study of ploidy. This is especially true in MGUS where the number of clonal plasma cells is small. In this study, we derived a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-based trisomy index from pooled cytogenetic data (karyotype analysis) from 2 large cohorts of patients with MM with abnormal karyotype, and then validated it in 2 independent cohorts of patients who had known ploidy status either by karyotyping or DNA content measurement using flow cytometry. Using the criteria of 2 or more trisomies from a 3-chromosome combination, hyperdiploid myeloma can be detected with high specificity. Applying this index on 28 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) or MGUS (11 SMM, 17 MGUS) who had normal karyotype, 11 cases of hyperdiploid SMM/MGUS were detected. This percentage (40%) is remarkably similar to the percentage of hyperdiploid MM reported in the literature, suggesting that hyperdiploid MM may originate early during disease evolution.
Autocrine tumor cell growth-inhibiting activities from human malignant melanoma. (1989)

Autocrine-secreted tumor cell growth-inhibiting activities were isolated from supernatants of a malignant melanoma cell line, HTZ 19-dM, established from a central nervous system melanoma metastasis. HTZ 19-dM was characterized by cyto- and immunocytochemistry and karyotyping; cells were propagated in defined serum-free tissue culture medium for up to 8 months. Supernatants were ultrafiltrated, dialyzed, lyophilized, and purified by Bio-Gel P-10 gel permeation chromatography, leading to three active fraction pools, MIAI [melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA), 2 kDa), MIAII (Mr 11,500-17,000) and MIAIII (proteins at the cutoff of Bio-Gel P-10) inhibiting growth of 19-dM cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.79 microgram/ml (MIAI), 0.13 microgram/ml (MIAII), and 16.7 micrograms/ml (MIAII). MIAII could be further purified by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography; the main activity displayed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.33 microgram/ml. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis one major band (molecular weight about 14,000) and two minor bands (up to Mr 17,000) were identified. Macromolecular synthesis was inhibited in 19-dM cells up to greater than 99.5%; tumor stem cell colony formation was reduced by 99.89%; the inhibitory effect of MIAII was irreversible, nonsaturable, and partially antagonized by a serum factor (depending on purification stage). MIAII was heat stable (3 min at 100 degrees C) and trypsin labile. The effect of MIAII on allogeneic neuroectodermal tumors was also investigated; proliferation of two of three malignant melanomas and two of four glioblastomas was inhibited up to 85.2%; proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line could be inhibited to 33.8%, whereas normal fibroblasts and low grade gliomas were not influenced in their proliferation.
Effect of Yucca Saponin on Urease Activity and Development of Ascites in Broiler Chickens (2002)

The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of 200 on urease activity and development of ascites in broiler chickens. Two commercial broiler rations were prepared containing 2810 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 20 % crude protein starter and 2900 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18.50 % crude protein, finisher ration. 240 chicks were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D, respectively. Each group had 60 birds and groups were further subdivided into 6 replicates having 10 birds each. Each group offered different concentrations of Norponin 200 Liquid. Group A was control group i.e. without medication. Groups B, C and D were offered 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ml Norponin 200 liquid/100 liter of drinking water, respectively. The data regarding feed consumption, weight gain, FCR, urease activity inside the intestine and in the excreta, mortality and economics were recorded. It was concluded that group D offered Norponin 200 Liquid at 7.50 ml/100 liter of drinking water had comparatively better results than groups B and C offered 2.5 ml and 5.0 ml Norponin 200 liquid/100 liter of drinking water and control group A.
Interleukin-12 induced interferon-gamma increases inflammation in acute dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice. (2000)

There is increasing evidence that IL-12 and Th1-cytokines play an important role in intestinal inflammation. We therefore examined the role of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in our model of dextran sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice. Treatment of mice with rmIL-12 during colitis induction resulted in severe aggravation as demonstrated by a greater loss of body weight, an increase of the histological parameters, and reduction of myeloperoxidase activity in colonic biopsies. Depletion of neutrophils in mice also led to aggravation of colitis. Neutralization of IFN-gamma in IL-12-treated mice with colitis inhibited these effects of IL-12. Neutralization of endogenous IFN-gamma or IL-12 with specific antibodies in DSS-treated mice, however, had only weak ameliorating effects. Since IL-12 and IFN-gamma have been shown to mediate experimental chronic colitis we conclude that the transition from a macrophage/neutrophil determined response to a Th-cell response promotes chronic intestinal inflammation.
Performance of the CRAY T3E multiprocessor (1997)

The CRAY T3E is a scalable shared-memory multiprocessor based on the DEC Alpha 21164 microprocessor. The system includes a number of novel architectural features designed to tolerate latency, enhance scalability, and deliver high performance on scientific and engineering codes. Included among these are stream buffers, which detect and prefetch down small-stride reference streams, E-registers, which provide latency hiding and non-unit-stride access capabilities, barrier and fetch_and_op synchronization support, and a scalable, high-bandwidth interconnection network.This paper reports our experiences with the CRAY T3E and presents a variety of performance measurements. Section 2 provides a brief overview of the system architecture. Section 3 describes the latency-hiding features (caches, stream buffers and E-registers) in more detail, assesses their performance impact, and discusses coding techniques for using them. Section 4 presents single-processor performance results. Finally, Section 5 discusses system scalability.
Translation rates of individual codons are not correlated with tRNA abundances or with frequencies of utilization in Escherichia coli (1989)

We analyzed 12 individual codons, which differed widely with respect to the frequency of use in Escherichia coli and the abundance of the corresponding tRNAs, for their influence on the coupling between transcription and translation. This was probed by determining the effects of codon substitutions in the leader peptide gene on transcription past the pyrE attenuator, as described previously by Bonekamp et al. (F. Bonekamp, H. D. Andersen, T. Christensen, and K. F. Jensen, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:4113-4123, 1985). In principle, the results revealed that either RNA polymerase or the (leading) ribosomes pass the different codon strings at different rates. However, under the assumption that the rate of transcription elongation is unaffected by the sequence changes, the results may be interpreted as indicating that different codons are translated at different rates and that these rates do not generally reflect the concentrations of the corresponding tRNAs or the frequencies with which the codons are used in E. coli. Moreover, it seems that codon synonyms that are served by the same isoaccepting tRNA species can deviate as much from each other in translational behavior as synonymous codons that are served by isoacceptors present in the cell in widely different amounts can.