gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inferring mood in ubiquitous conversational video (2013)

Conversational social video is becoming a worldwide trend. Video communication allows a more natural interaction, when aiming to share personal news, ideas, and opinions, by transmitting both verbal content and nonverbal behavior. However, the automatic analysis of natural mood is challenging, since it is displayed in parallel via voice, face, and body. This paper presents an automatic approach to infer 11 natural mood categories in conversational social video using single and multimodal nonverbal cues extracted from video blogs (vlogs) from YouTube. The mood labels used in our work were collected via crowdsourcing. Our approach is promising for several of the studied mood categories. Our study demonstrates that although multimodal features perform better than single channel features, not always all the available channels are needed to accurately discriminate mood in videos.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of biodegradable polymers containing glucobiose branches (1999)

Abstract Polymerizable sugar esters including glucobiose were synthesized from maltose or trehalose and divinyl adipate using enzyme in DMF. 13 C NMR data showed that 6'‐position of maltose and mono‐6‐position of trehalose were esterified. Further, these glucobiose esters was polymerized with azo‐initiator to give the corresponding polymers.
Accurate secondary structure prediction and fold recognition for circular dichroism spectroscopy (2015)

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique for the study of protein structure. Numerous algorithms have been developed for the estimation of the secondary structure composition from the CD spectra. These methods often fail to provide acceptable results on α/β-mixed or β-structure-rich proteins. The problem arises from the spectral diversity of β-structures, which has hitherto been considered as an intrinsic limitation of the technique. The predictions are less reliable for proteins of unusual β-structures such as membrane proteins, protein aggregates, and amyloid fibrils. Here, we show that the parallel/antiparallel orientation and the twisting of the β-sheets account for the observed spectral diversity. We have developed a method called β-structure selection (BeStSel) for the secondary structure estimation that takes into account the twist of β-structures. This method can reliably distinguish parallel and antiparallel β-sheets and accurately estimates the secondary structure for a broad range of proteins. Moreover, the secondary structure components applied by the method are characteristic to the protein fold, and thus the fold can be predicted to the level of topology in the CATH classification from a single CD spectrum. By constructing a web server, we offer a general tool for a quick and reliable structure analysis using conventional CD or synchrotron radiation CD (SRCD) spectroscopy for the protein science research community. The method is especially useful when X-ray or NMR techniques fail. Using BeStSel on data collected by SRCD spectroscopy, we investigated the structure of amyloid fibrils of various disease-related proteins and peptides.
The Determinants of Contract Terms in Bank Revolving Credit Agreements (2000)

Steven Dennis, Debarshi Nandy, Ian G. Sharpe, The Determinants of Contract Terms in Bank Revolving Credit Agreements, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 2000), pp. 87-110
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of CIB1 Delineates a New Family of EF-hand-containing Proteins (2004)

CIB1 (CIB) is an EF-hand-containing protein that binds multiple effector proteins, including the platelet alphaIIbbeta3 integrin and several serine/threonine kinases and potentially modulates their function. The crystal structure for Ca(2+)-bound CIB1 has been determined at 2.0 A resolution and reveals a compact alpha-helical protein containing four EF-hands, the last two of which bind calcium ions in the standard fashion seen in many other EF-hand proteins. CIB1 shares high structural similarity with calcineurin B and the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of EF-hand-containing proteins. Most importantly, like calcineurin B and NCS proteins, which possess a large hydrophobic pocket necessary for ligand binding, CIB1 contains a hydrophobic pocket that has been implicated in ligand binding by previous mutational analysis. However, unlike several NCS proteins, Ca(2+)-bound CIB1 is largely monomeric whether bound to a relevant peptide ligand or ligand-free. Differences in structure, oligomeric state, and phylogeny define a new family of CIB1-related proteins that extends from arthropods to humans.
Custom Patellofemoral Arthroplasty of the Knee (2007)

BACKGROUND: The treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis is controversial. Several surgical procedures have been used to treat the severely degenerated patellofemoral joint, with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical results of a custom patellofemoral arthroplasty for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral degenerative arthritis of the knee. METHODS: From 1995 through 2002, twenty-five patellofemoral replacements, three of which were bilateral, were performed in twenty-two patients for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis of the knee. According to the Ahlback radiographic evaluation scale, the mean preoperative score for the severity of the arthritis was 4.65 points in the patellofemoral compartment and 0.5 point in both the medial and the lateral compartment. The patients included sixteen women (two of whom had a bilateral replacement) and six men (one of whom had a bilateral replacement) with a mean age of forty-five years at the time of the index arthroplasty. Seventeen patients (nineteen knees) had had a prior procedure on the knee. The mean preoperative Knee Society functional score was 49 points, and the mean preoperative Knee Society objective score was 52 points. RESULTS: At a mean of seventy-three months (range, thirty-two to 119 months) postoperatively, all twenty-five implants were in place and functioning well. There were eighteen excellent and seven good results. The mean Knee Society functional score was 89 points, and the mean Knee Society objective score was 91 points. No patient had required additional surgery or had component loosening. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our relatively short-term follow-up study, custom patellofemoral arthroplasty appears to be a safe and effective treatment for isolated patellofemoral arthritis of the knee. We believe that the results presented in this paper justify the additional cost associated with the custom device. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:“Custom Patellofemoral Arthroplasty of the Knee” (2006;88:).
The crystal structure of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase from Azospirillum brasilense at 1.5 Å resolution (2007)

Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (PPDC) of Azospirillum brasilense, involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and the antimicrobial compound phenylacetic acid, is a thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the nonoxidative decarboxylation of indole- and phenylpyruvate. Analogous to yeast pyruvate decarboxylases, PPDC is subject to allosteric substrate activation, showing sigmoidal v versus [S] plots. The present paper reports the crystal structure of this enzyme determined at 1.5 A resolution. The subunit architecture of PPDC is characteristic for other members of the pyruvate oxidase family, with each subunit consisting of three domains with an open alpha/beta topology. An active site loop, bearing the catalytic residues His112 and His113, could not be modelled due to flexibility. The biological tetramer is best described as an asymmetric dimer of dimers. A cysteine residue that has been suggested as the site for regulatory substrate binding in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase is not conserved, requiring a different mechanism for allosteric substrate activation in PPDC. Only minor changes occur in the interactions with the cofactors, thiamine diphosphate and Mg2+, compared to pyruvate decarboxylase. A greater diversity is observed in the substrate binding pocket accounting for the difference in substrate specificity. Moreover, a catalytically important glutamate residue conserved in nearly all decarboxylases is replaced by a leucine in PPDC. The consequences of these differences in terms of the catalytic and regulatory mechanism of PPDC are discussed.
The impact of the unfolded protein response on human disease (2012)

A central function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to coordinate protein biosynthetic and secretory activities in the cell. Alterations in ER homeostasis cause accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the ER. To maintain ER homeostasis, eukaryotic cells have evolved the unfolded protein response (UPR), an essential adaptive intracellular signaling pathway that responds to metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response pathways. The UPR has been implicated in a variety of diseases including metabolic disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Signaling components of the UPR are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of human disease.
Nuclear factor‐κB as a molecular target for migraine therapy (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) generated from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) participates in immune and inflammatory responses in many tissues. The NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) provokes delayed migraine attacks when infused into migraineurs and also causes iNOS expression and delayed inflammation within rodent dura mater. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor as well, also increases iNOS expression. Because inflammation and iNOS are potential therapeutic targets, we examined transcriptional regulation of iNOS following GTN infusion and the consequences of its inhibition within dura mater. We show that intravenous GTN increases NO production within macrophages. L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, attenuates the NO signal, emphasizing the importance of enzymatic activity to delayed NO production. iNOS expression is preceded by significant nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity, as reflected by a reduction in the inhibitory protein-kappa-Balpha (IkappaBalpha) and activation of NF-kappaB after GTN infusion. IkappaBalpha degradation, NF-kappaB activation, and iNOS expression were attenuated by parthenolide (3mg/kg), the active constituent of feverfew, an anti-inflammatory drug used for migraine treatment. These findings suggest that GTN promotes NF-kappaB activity and inflammation with a time course consistent with migraine attacks in susceptible individuals. We conclude, based on results with this animal model, that blockade of NF-kappaB activity provides a novel transcriptional target for the development of anti-migraine drugs.
Cancer Stem Cell Radioresistance and Enrichment: Where Frontline Radiation Therapy May Fail in Lung and Esophageal Cancers (2011)

Many studies have highlighted the role cancer stem cells (CSC) play in the development and progression of various types of cancer including lung and esophageal cancer. More recently, it has been proposed that the presence of CSCs affects treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. In reviewing this new area of cancer biology, we will give an overview of the current literature regarding lung and esophageal CSCs and radioresistance of CSC, and discuss the potential therapeutic applications of these findings.
Measuring Delusional Ideation: The 21-Item Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) (2004)

There is increasing evidence that in the general population there are schizotypal traits and symptoms that can be measured psychometrically. Norms are reported for a new 21-item version of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI; Peters et al. 1999b). The PDI, originally based on the Present State Examination, incorporates the multidimensionality of delusions by including measures of distress, preoccupation, and conviction. A total of 444 healthy individuals completed the 21-item PDI and two other questionnaires measuring florid delusions and social desirability. A subsample also filled out an in-depth schizotypal personality scale. Thirty-three deluded inpatients also completed the PDI. The PDI's psychometric properties confirmed that it remains a reliable and valid instrument to measure delusional ideation in the general population. Consistent with the 40-item PDI, it was normally distributed, no sex differences were found, and there was an inverse relationship with age. Individual items were endorsed by just over one in four healthy adults. Although the deluded sample scored significantly higher, the range of scores overlapped considerably, with 11 percent of healthy adults scoring higher than the mean of the deluded group. As with our previous findings, the two samples were differentiated by their ratings on the distress, preoccupation, and conviction scales. These results suggest that these dimensions may be more important than the content of belief alone for placing an individual on the continuum between normal and delusional thinking.
Aeromonas salmonicida possesses two genes encoding homologs of the major outer membrane protein, OmpA (1996)

Two homologs of the outer membrane protein OmpA were identified in Aeromonas salmonicida by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and amino-terminal sequence analyses. An A. salmonicida genomic DNA library was constructed by using lambda GEM-11 and recombinant phage carrying both genes ompAI and ompAII) selected by immunoscreening. A 5.0-kb BamHI fragment containing the two genes in tandem was subcloned in pBluescript and used for further subcloning and sequencing of the genes. The encoded proteins (Mr = 33,564 and 32,536 for mature OmpAI and OmpAII, respectively) had only 64% identity with each other and otherwise had the highest level of homology to OmpA proteins from the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Based on the Escherichia coli OmpA model, an eight-stranded amphipathic beta-barrel model for the membrane assembly of the N-terminal half of OmpAI and OmpAII was predicted. Most variation between the two proteins was localized to the predicted surface loops and periplasmic turns, while the transmembrane strands and C-terminals domains were highly conserved. Expression of ompAI and ompAII separately in E. coli indicated that both genes could be independently transcribed from their own promoters and that both gene products were assembled into the E. coli outer membrane. A survey of different Aeromonas spp. by PCR revealed that possession of two tandem ompA genes was widespread among this genus. This is the first report of any bacterial species possessing two genes for homologs of this major outer membrane protein.
OLEFIN METATHESIS FOR MACROCYCLES (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTOLEFIN METATHESIS FOR MACROCYCLESORGANIC SYNTHESIS: Tungsten catalysts make macrocyclic olefins with Z-selectivityBETHANY HALFORDCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 45, 11Publication Date (Print):November 7, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 7 November 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v089n045.p011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n045.p011newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Mixtures Get e-Alerts
Path-Level Network Transformation for Efficient Architecture Search. (2018)

We introduce a new function-preserving transformation for efficient neural architecture search. This network transformation allows reusing previously trained networks and existing successful architectures that improves sample efficiency. We aim to address the limitation of current network transformation operations that can only perform layer-level architecture modifications, such as adding (pruning) filters or inserting (removing) a layer, which fails to change the topology of connection paths. Our proposed path-level transformation operations enable the meta-controller to modify the path topology of the given network while keeping the merits of reusing weights, and thus allow efficiently designing effective structures with complex path topologies like Inception models. We further propose a bidirectional tree-structured reinforcement learning meta-controller to explore a simple yet highly expressive tree-structured architecture space that can be viewed as a generalization of multi-branch architectures. We experimented on the image classification datasets with limited computational resources (about 200 GPU-hours), where we observed improved parameter efficiency and better test results (97.70% test accuracy on CIFAR-10 with 14.3M parameters and 74.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet in the mobile setting), demonstrating the effectiveness and transferability of our designed architectures.
Coordinate production by a T cell hybridoma of gamma interferon and three other lymphokine activities: multiple activities of a single lymphokine? (1983)

The T cell hybridoma FS7-20, produced by the fusion of normal B10.BR T cells to the AKR thymoma BW5147, was found when stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) to produce the lymphokines: interleukin 2 (IL 2), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), Ia induction factor IaIF), and the B cell helper factor interleukin X (IL X). The clones and subclones of FS7-20 varied dramatically in their ability to produce these lymphokines, presumably because of karyotypic variations. The ability to produce IL 2 segregated independently from the ability to produce the four other lymphokine activities; however, production of the latter activities showed a strong correlation. This coordinate production of IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X was also observed with a cloned normal cytotoxic T cell line, cr15. These results suggest either that IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X are all manifestations of a single molecular species or that, although these activities are different structurally, their production is controlled by a common genetic mechanism. In support of the first possibility, the IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X activity produced by FS7-20 were all found to be equally sensitive to inactivation at pH 2. These results illustrate the usefulness of using T cell hybridomas for the study of lymphokines.
DNA Damage-induced Inhibition of Securin Expression Is Mediated by p53 (2002)

Tumor suppressor p53 induces the cellular response to DNA damage mainly by regulating expression of its downstream target genes. The human securin is an anaphase inhibitor, preventing premature chromosome separation through inhibition of separase activity. It is also known as the product of the human pituitary tumor-transforming gene, pttg, a proto-oncogene. Here we report that the expression of human securin is suppressed in cells treated with the DNA-damaging drugs doxorubicin and bleomycin. This suppression requires functional p53. Analysis of the human securin promoter reveals that DNA-binding sites for Sp1 and NF-Y are both required for activation of securin expression; however, only the NF-Y site is essential for the suppression by p53. Our study indicates that securin is a p53 target gene and may play a role in p53-mediated cellular response to DNA damage.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Low Ejection Fraction (2005)

Patients with low EF are sicker at baseline and have >4 times higher mortality than patients with high EF. However, outcomes are improving over time and are superior to historical data. Therefore, CABG remains a viable option in selected patients with low EF.
Transthyretin binding to A‐Beta peptide – Impact on A‐Beta fibrillogenesis and toxicity (2008)

It has been suggested that transthyretin (TTR) is involved in preventing A-Beta fibrillization in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we characterized the TTR/A-Beta interaction by competition binding assays. TTR binds to different A-Beta peptide species: soluble (Kd, 28 nM), oligomers and fibrils; diverse TTR variants bind differentially to A-Beta. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that TTR is capable of interfering with A-Beta fibrillization by both inhibiting and disrupting fibril formation. Co-incubation of the two molecules resulted in the abolishment of A-Beta toxicity. Our results confirmed TTR as an A-Beta ligand and indicated the inhibition/disruption of A-Beta fibrils as a possible mechanism underlying the protective role of TTR in AD.
Practical Parallel Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms (1997)

Nested data parallelism has been shown to be an important feature of parallel languages, allowing the concise expression of algorithms that operate on irregular data structures such as graphs and sparse matrices. However, previous nested dataparallel languages have relied on a vector PRAM implementation layer that cannot be efficiently mapped to MPPs with high inter-processor latency. This thesis shows that by restricting the problem set to that of data-parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms I can maintain the expressibility of full nested data-parallel languages while achieving good efficiency on current distributed-memory machines. Specifically, I define
Efficient production by laser materials processing integrated into metal cutting machines (1994)

Beam guidance of high power YAG-laser (cw, pulsed, Q-switched) with average powers up to 2000 W by flexible glass fibers facilitates the integration of the laser beam as an additional tool into metal cutting machines. Hence, technologies like laser cutting, joining, hardening, caving, structuring of surfaces and laser-marking can be applied directly inside machining centers in one setting, thereby reducing the flow of workpieces resulting in a lowering of costs and production time. Furthermore, materials with restricted machinability--especially hard materials like ceramics, hard metals or sintered alloys--can be shaped by laser-caving or laser assisted machining. Altogether, the flexibility of laser integrated machining centers is substantially increased or the efficiency of a production line is raised by time-savings or extended feasibilities with techniques like hardening, welding or caving.