gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Appended Product Indicator Procedure for Nonlinear Structural Equation Analysis (2001)

Interest in considering nonlinear structural equation models is well documented in the behavioral and social sciences as well as in the education and marketing literature. This article considers estimation of polynomial structural models. An existing method is shown to have a limitation that the produced estimator is inconsistent for most practical situations. A new procedure is introduced and defined for a general model using products of observed indicators. The resulting estimator is consistent without assuming any distributional form for the underlying factors or errors. Identification assessment and standard error estimation are discussed. A simulation study addresses statistical issues including comparisons of discrepancy functions and the choice of appended product indicators. Application of the new procedure in a substance abuse prevention study is also reported.
β-Casein Degradation in Gouda and Cheddar Cheese (1975)

High concentrations of high molecular weight pe?tides of low electrop,horetie mobility occurred both in 11 me old Gouda and 30 me old Cheddar cheese. Three peptides isolated from each variety of cheese have been identified as ycasein A 2, TS-easein A 2, and R-casein, by electrophoretic mobility, amino acid analysis, molecular weight determination, and mobility changes on gel electrophpresis in the presence of magnesium ions. The enzyme known as milk protease cleaves the r-casein A in .milk between residues 28 and 29, 105 and 106, and 107 and 108 to give y-, TS-, and l~-casoins, respectively. It is probable, therefore, that r-casein is slowly degraded by milk protease in ripened cheese at a rate which is probably determined by the moisture content and pH of the cheese.
Differential expression of two genes for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato fruits. (1991)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14) is the regulated enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the plant hormone ethylene. A full-length cDNA encoding this enzyme has been cloned from tomato fruits [Van Der Straeten, D., Van Wiemeersch, L., Goodman, H. M. & Van Montagu, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1990) 87, 4859-4863]. We report here the complete nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of a cDNA encoding a second isoform of ACC synthase from tomato fruits. The cDNAs coding for both isoforms contain highly conserved regions that are surrounded by regions of low homology, especially at the 5' and 3' ends. Gene-specific probes were constructed to examine the expression of transcripts encoding the two ACC synthase isoforms under two conditions of enhanced ethylene formation--namely, during fruit ripening and in response to mechanical stress (wounding). The level of mRNA encoding both isoforms, ACC synthase 1 and 2, increased during ripening. In contrast, wounding caused an increase in only the level of mRNA coding for ACC synthase 1. Blot analysis of genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes confirmed that ACC synthase 1 and 2 are encoded by different genes.
Synthese von 2‐[Benzazolyl‐(2)]‐3,3‐bis‐(alkylthio)‐acrylnitrilen und Umsetzungen mit N‐Nucleophilen (1982)

Synthesis of 2‐[Benzazolyl‐(2)]‐3,3‐bis‐(alkylthio)‐acrylnitriles and Their Reactions with N‐Nucleophiles The reactions of benzazolyl‐(2)‐acetonitriles 1 (1H‐benzimidazolyl‐, 1‐methylbenzimidazolyl‐, benzoxazolyl‐ and benzothiazolyl‐) with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride in dimethylsulfoxide and methylation yield the 2‐[benzazolyl‐(2)]‐3,3‐bis‐(alkylthio)‐acrylonitriles 3 – 5 reacting with amines to the keten‐S,N‐acetals 6 – 9 . If dinucleophilic reagents are used heterocyclic systems 10 – 14 are formed.
Current status and future development of solvent-based carbon capture (2017)

Solvent-based carbon capture is the most commercially-ready technology for economically and sustainably reaching carbon emission reduction targets in the power sector. Globally, the technology has been deployed to deal with flue gases from large scale power plants and different carbon-intensive industries. The success of the technology is due to significant R&D activities on the process development and decades of industrial experience on acid gas removal processes from gaseous mixtures. In this paper, current status of PCC based on chemical absorption-commercial deployment and demonstration projects, analysis of different solvents and process configurations-is reviewed. Although some successes have been recorded in developing this technology, its commercialization has been generally slow as evidenced in the cancellation of high profile projects across the world. This is partly due to the huge cost burden of the technology and unpredictable government policies. Different research directions, namely new process development involving process intensification, new solvent development and a combination of both, are discussed in this paper as possible pathways for reducing the huge cost of the technology.
Proteomic Analysis of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Membrane Proteins (2003)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a functionally and structurally diverse family of post-translationally modified membrane proteins found mostly in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in a variety of eukaryotic cells. Although the general role of GPI-APs remains unclear, they have attracted attention because they act as enzymes and receptors in cell adhesion, differentiation, and host-pathogen interactions. GPI-APs may represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in humans and are interesting in plant biotechnology because of their key role in root development. We here present a general mass spectrometry-based proteomic "shave-and-conquer" strategy that specifically targets GPI-APs. Using a combination of biochemical methods, mass spectrometry, and computational sequence analysis we identified six GPI-APs in a Homo sapiens lipid raft-enriched fraction and 44 GPI-APs in an Arabidopsis thaliana membrane preparation, representing the largest experimental dataset of GPI-anchored proteins to date.
Phylogenetic analysis of platelet-derived growth factor by radio-receptor assay. (1982)

Competition between 125I-labeled platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and unlabeled PDGF forms the basis of a specific "radio-receptor assay" for quantifying PDGF in clotted blood serum. Human clotted blood serum contains 15 ng/ml of PDGF by radio-receptor assay; this corresponds to a PDGF content of approximately 7.5 x 10(-5) pg per circulating platelet, a figure which is corroborated by purification data. Clotted blood sera from mammals, lower vertebrates and marine invertebrates were screened for homologues of human PDGF by radio-receptor assay. All tested specimens from phylum Chordata contain a mitogenic agent that competes with human PDGF for receptor binding. Sera from tunicates down on the chordate line of evolution and sera from all tested animals on the arthropod line of development were negative. The phylogenetic distribution of PDGF homologue does not correlate with platelet distribution since platelets and their precursor cell--the bone marrow megacaryocyte--are unique to the mammalian hematopoietic system. One anatomical feature appearing coordinately with PDGF on the vertebrate line of development is a pressurized circulatory system. The coincidental appearance of these features may lend support to the hypothesis that PDGF plays a role in maintenance and repair of the vascular lining in vivo.
Proteolytic Activation of Recombinant Pro-memapsin 2 (Pro-β-secretase) Studied with New Fluorogenic Substrates (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionProteolytic Activation of Recombinant Pro-memapsin 2 (Pro-β-secretase) Studied with New Fluorogenic SubstratesJacques Ermolieff, Jeffrey A. Loy, Gerald Koelsch, and Jordan TangCite this: Biochemistry 2000, 39, 51, 16263Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2000Publication History Published online23 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi005122ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/bi005122icorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epicardial and endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in patients with myocardial infarction. Is the origin of the tachycardia always subendocardially localized? (1991)

In a substantial number of VTs, a substrate localization that is at variance with the conventional concept can be detected by simultaneous epicardial and endocardial mapping and may require modification of the surgical approach conventionally aimed at endocardial layers.
Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of DNA Vaccines (2004)

DNA vaccines consist of antigen-encoding bacterial plasmids that are capable of inducing antigen-specific immune responses upon inoculation into a host. This method of immunization is advantageous in terms of simplicity, adaptability, and cost of vaccine production. However, the entry of DNA vaccines and expression of antigen are subjected to physical and biochemical barriers imposed by the host. In small animals such as mice, the host-imposed impediments have not prevented DNA vaccines from inducing long-lasting, protective humoral, and cellular immune responses. In contrast, these barriers appear to be more difficult to overcome in large animals and humans. The focus of this article is to summarize the limitations of DNA vaccines and to provide a comprehensive review on the different strategies developed to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines. Several of these strategies, such as altering codon bias of the encoded gene, changing the cellular localization of the expressed antigen, and optimizing delivery and formulation of the plasmid, have led to improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy in large animals. However, solutions for increasing the amount of plasmid that eventually enters the nucleus and is available for transcription of the transgene still need to be found. The overall conclusions from these studies suggest that, provided these critical improvements are made, DNA vaccines may find important clinical and practical applications in the field of vaccination.
Sulfated membrane adsorbers for economic pseudo‐affinity capture of influenza virus particles (2009)

Strategies to control outbreaks of influenza, a contagious respiratory tract disease, are focused mainly on prophylactic vaccinations in conjunction with antiviral medications. Currently, several mammalian cell culture-based influenza vaccine production processes are being established, such as the technologies introduced by Novartis Behring (Optaflu) or Baxter International Inc. (Celvapan). Downstream processing of influenza virus vaccines from cell culture supernatant can be performed by adsorbing virions onto sulfated column chromatography beads, such as Cellufine sulfate. This study focused on the development of a sulfated cellulose membrane (SCM) chromatography unit operation to capture cell culture-derived influenza viruses. The advantages of the novel method were demonstrated for the Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell-derived influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Furthermore, the SCM-adsorbers were compared directly to column-based Cellufine sulfate and commercially available cation-exchange membrane adsorbers. Sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers showed high viral product recoveries. In addition, the SCM-capture step resulted in a higher reduction of dsDNA compared to the tested cation-exchange membrane adsorbers. The productivity of the SCM-based unit operation could be significantly improved by a 30-fold increase in volumetric flow rate during adsorption compared to the bead-based capture method. The higher flow rate even further reduced the level of contaminating dsDNA by about twofold. The reproducibility and general applicability of the developed unit operation were demonstrated for two further MDCK cell-derived influenza virus strains: A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Overall, SCM-adsorbers represent a powerful and economically favorable alternative for influenza virus capture over conventional methods using Cellufine sulfate.
Carbohydrate analogue polymers by ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) and subsequent catalytic dihydroxylation (2001)

Ring opening metathesis poymerisation (ROMP) followed by catalytic dihydroxylation affords macromolecules with 1,2-diol structures. These new macromolecular compositions represent C-glycoside analogues of ribofuranose polymers that are thermally and hydrolytically stable.
A Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of α-1-Arylalkylamines through the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of α-1-Arylalkylamines through the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of EnamidesMark J. Burk, Yan Ming Wang, and Jeffrey R. LeeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Duke University P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratory Durham, North Carolina 27708 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 21, 5142–5143Publication Date (Web):May 29, 1996Publication History Received17 November 1995Published online29 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953872nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953872nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2245Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Catalytic reactions,Hydrogenation,Reaction products,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
DNA sequences required for anaerobic expression of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (1987)

Expression of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) gene is transcriptionally regulated under conditions of anaerobic stress. DNA sequences required for the expression of Adh1 have been identified by a functional analysis of in vitro constructed hybrid genes consisting of the Adh1 promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding region. A series of 5' deletions, 3' deletions, hybrid promoters, and linker scanning mutants of the Adh-CAT hybrid gene were introduced into maize protoplasts by electroporation and assayed for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity after incubation of the protoplasts under different oxygen tensions. The results indicate that a 40-base-pair DNA sequence within the Adh1 promoter is required for anaerobically regulated expression of the hybrid gene. Clustered point mutations in this sequence show that it is composed of two essential regions, each approximately 15 base pairs, separated by a 10-base-pair DNA sequence that does not appear to be important for anaerobic expression. Attachment of this 40-base-pair element to an unrelated promoter shows that this DNA sequence is both necessary and sufficient for induction of gene expression by low oxygen stress.
<title>N-gram language models for document image decoding</title> (2001)

This paper explores the problem of incorporating linguistic constraints into document image decoding, a communication theory approach to document recognition. Probabilistic character n-grams (n=2--5) are used in a two-pass strategy where the decoder first uses a very weak language model to generate a lattice of candidate output strings. These are then re-scored in the second pass using the full language model. Experimental results based on both synthesized and scanned data show that this approach is capable of improving the error rate by a factor of two to ten depending on the quality of the data and the details of the language model used.
Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. (1992)

Cyclooxygenase (Cox), also known as prostaglandin (PG) H synthase (EC 1.14.99.1), catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of inflammatory PGs. A major regulatory step in PG biosynthesis is at the level of Cox: growth factors, cytokines, and tumor promoters induce Cox activity. We have cloned the second form of the Cox gene (Cox-2) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 604 amino acids that is 61% identical to the previously isolated human Cox-1 polypeptide. In vitro translation of the human (h)Cox-2 transcript in rabbit reticulocyte lysates resulted in the synthesis of a 70-kDa protein that is immunoprecipitated by antiserum to ovine Cox. Expression of the hCox-2 open reading frame in Cos-7 monkey kidney cells results in the elaboration of cyclooxygenase activity. hCox-2 cDNA hybridizes to a 4.5-kilobase mRNA species in HUVEC, whereas the hCox-1 cDNA hybridizes to 3- and 5.3-kilobase species. Both Cox-1 and Cox-2 mRNAs are expressed in HUVEC, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. Cox-2 mRNA was preferentially induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and lipopolysaccharide in human endothelial cells and monocytes. Together, these data demonstrate that the Cox enzyme is encoded by at least two genes that are expressed and differentially regulated in a variety of cell types. High-level induction of the hCox-2 transcript in mesenchymal-derived inflammatory cells suggests a role in inflammatory conditions.
The Use of Continuous Suction Negative Pressure Instead of Pressure Dressing (1955)

Silvis, Richard S. Capt., MC, USN; Potter, Leo E. Capt., MC, USN; Roblnson, Donald W. Lt.Cdr, MC, USN; Hughes, William F. Lt., MC, USN Author Information
2002 한일 월드컵 방송의 문제점과 대안 모색 (2002)

2002년 한일월드컵에 대한 국내방송사들의 편성중복에 대해 비판의 목소리가 높다. 방송3사의 월드컵 중복편성은 FIFA의 스포츠 상업주의와 이에 대한 국내방송사들의 협상능력의 부재에서 비롯된다. 인기스포츠의 중계권 폭등은 80년대 중반 이후로 시작되었다. 다매체다채널 시대가 되면서 루퍼트머독의 BSkyB가 인기스포츠 생중계독점권을 고가로 매입하면서 인기 스포츠팀들과 방송사들도 고가경쟁에 뛰어들게 된 것이다. 특히 이번의 한일월드컵 방송에서 국 내 방송3사는 공동개최국인 일본 방송사들의 주도면밀한 협상에 비해 패키지 판매를 강요당하며 2002년과 2006년 월드컵 중계권을 770억원이라는 고가로 매입하였고, 이를 보충하기 위해 방송3사가 중복편성을 하게 되었다. 이에 인기 스포츠 유료독점권을 법적으로 규제하는 방안을 포함하며 다각적인 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.
Exhaled Breath Condensates as a Source for Biomarkers for Characterization of Inflammatory Lung Diseases (2013)

Inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are common and difficult to diagnose and characterize. This is due in large part to difficulty in obtaining samples directly from the inflamed lung. The collection of lung secretions by traditional methods including bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum collection are limited by their invasive nature. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and non-invasive technique of collecting fluid samples, which are representative of airway lining fluid. Advances in collection methods and evolving molecular techniques have led to development of more sensitive assays for existing biomarkers and identification of new biomarkers, which can be potentially useful in monitoring lung inflammation. In this review, we present the current understanding of various biomarkers including small molecules (H2O2, pH and nitric oxide related biomarkers), lipid mediators (8-isprostane, leukotrienes and prostaglandins), small proteins (cytokines and chemokines) and nucleic acids (DNA and microRNAs). We also discuss the differential profile of biomarkers in recognizing different patterns of lung inflammation. As the sensitivity of methods of EBC improves, this biofluid will play an increasing role in diagnosis and monitoring of lung diseases.
Peptide Electroextraction for Direct Coupling of In-Gel Digests with Capillary LC−MS/MS for Protein Identification and Sequencing (2000)

An electrophoretic method has been developed for the extraction of peptides following in-gel digests of SDS-PAGE separated proteins. During electroextraction, the peptides are trapped on a strong cation-exchange microcartridge, before analysis by capillary LC--ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. The spectra obtained by tandem mass spectrometry are searched directly against a protein database for identification of the protein from which the peptide originated. By minimizing surface exposure of the peptides during electroextraction, a reduction of the detection limits for protein identification is realized. The performance of the peptide electroextraction was compared directly with the standard extraction method for in-gel protein digests, using a standard dilution series of phosphorylase B and carbonic anhydrase, separated by SDS-PAGE. The lowest gel loading in which phosphorylase B was identified using the standard extraction method was 2.5 ng or 25 fmol, and the lowest gel loading in which phosphorylase B was identified using electroextraction was 1.25 ng or 12.5 fmol. The design of the microextraction cartridge allows for direct interfacing with capillary LC, which is crucial for maintaining low detection limits. Furthermore, this method can be used for high-throughput proteomics since it can be easily multiplexed and requires only voltage control and low pressures (approximately 15 psi) for operation. We believe that peptide electroextraction is a significant advance for identification of proteins separated by one-dimensional or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, as it can be easily automated and requires less protein than conventional methods.