gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded Phase Matching and Nonlinear Symmetry Breaking in Fiber Frequency Combs (2012)

We report theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of cascaded phase matching in fiber frequency combs and show how this mechanism is directly connected to the dynamics of supercontinuum generation. In particular, linking cascaded four-wave mixing with direct higher-order nonlinear processes allows us to derive a simple phase matching condition that governs nonlinear symmetry breaking in the presence of higher-order dispersion. We discuss how this mechanism provides a physical interpretation of soliton-induced Cherenkov radiation and associated spectral recoil in terms of phase-matched frequency mixing pumped by bichromatic pump pairs in the soliton spectrum. Theoretical and numerical predictions are confirmed via experiments using both quasicontinuous wave and picosecond pulse excitation.
Drug stability : principles and practices (1995)

Overview Solution Kinetics Kinetic pH Profiles Oxidation in Solution Catalysis, Complexation and Photolysis Stability of Peptides and Proteins Disperse and Aggregated Systems Physical Characteristics of Solids Solid State Stability Interactions of Moisture with Solids Statistical Aspects Preformulation Packaging Physical Testing Modus Operandi for a Stability Program 1993 ICH Guidelines 1987 FDA Stability Guideline.
Properties of Extrusion-Expanded Whey Protein Products Containing Fiber (2010)

Three insoluble dietary fibers (cellulose, wheat, and oat) were incorporated into an extruded-expanded product containing 32% whey protein at three concentrations (18, 36, and 48%) to determine the influence of fiber on extrudate properties. As the concentration of fiber in the extrudates increased, there was a significant decrease in expansion ratio, air cell size, water soluble carbohydrate, and water solubility index, and a significant increase in extrudate density, breaking force, moisture content, and water absorption index. The main effects observed were attributed primarily to a decrease in the amount of normal cornstarch.
Target Selection for Reaching and Saccades Share a Similar Behavioral Reference Frame in the Macaque (2003)

The selection of one of two visual stimuli as a target for a motor action may depend on external as well as internal variables. We examined whether the preference to select a leftward or rightward target depends on the action that is performed (eye or arm movement) and to what extent the choice is influenced by the target location. Two targets were presented at the same distance to the left and right of a fixation position and the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was adjusted until both targets were selected equally often. This balanced SOA time is then a quantitative measure of selection preference. In two macaque monkeys tested, we found the balanced SOA shifted to the left side for left-arm movements and to the right side for right-arm movements. Target selection strongly depended on the horizontal target location. By varying eye, head, and trunk position, we found this dependency embedded in a head-centered behavioral reference frame for saccade targets and, somewhat counter-intuitively, for reach targets as well. Target selection for reach movements was influenced by the eye position, while saccade target selection was unaffected by the arm position. These findings suggest that the neural processes underlying target selection for a reaching movement are to a large extent independent of the coordinate frame ultimately used to make the limb movement, but are instead closely linked to the coordinate frame used to plan a saccade to that target. This similarity may be indicative of a common spatial framework for hand-eye coordination.
A region of the 75 kDa neurotrophin receptor homologous to the death domains of TNFR‐I and Fas (1995)

Members of the NTR/TNFR family mediate apoptosis in many tissues, yet sequence homology has not been detected in their intracellular domains except for a 'death domain' in TNFR-I and Fas. Here, a region of the 75 kDa neurotrophin receptor (NTR) has been aligned with this apoptosis-inducing motif. Peptides at the carboxyl terminus of each domain potentially form amphiphilic helices, one of which (in NTR) resembles mastoparan, a G-protein activating peptide. Molecular models of three death-region peptides suggest that observed sequence similarities reflect a common structure, perhaps capable of undergoing an induced coil to helix transition.
Further development of the cassette-based pYC plasmid system by incorporation of the dominant , and gene markers and the reporter system (2003)

Dominant selection markers encoding hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph), nourseothricin N-acetyltransferase (nat) and a mutant inositol phosphoceramide synthase (AUR1-C) were all incorporated into the pYC yeast plasmid vector system, thus expanding this system with possible alternatives to the use of G418 resistance. We found the markers to be of use not only in standard laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but also in an industrial strain of S. carlsbergensis (syn. of S. pastorianus) brewing yeast as well as in Saccharomyces kluyveri. As the pYC system contains means of counter-selection for plasmid loss and loop-out of integrated plasmids, it now provides ample opportunities for genetic manipulation of industrial and non-conventional yeasts when the URA3 marker and FOA counter-selection is not an option. Furthermore, the lacZ system for analyzing gene expression was included in the system.
Therapeutic effects of flunitrazepan in dystonias and torticollis preliminary communication (1993)

A new form of clinical treatment is proposed for dystonias and torticollis using flunitrazepam (FN), a powerful agonist of all benzodiazepine receptors of GABA neurons. FN has a specific effect in dystonic patients, specially those in which the hypnotic effect of this drug is absent or diminished, thus suggesting the existence of two different neurochemical categories of dystonias.
Chemokine Mediated Monocyte Trafficking into the Retina: Role of Inflammation in Alteration of the Blood-Retinal Barrier in Diabetic Retinopathy (2014)

Inflammation in the diabetic retina is mediated by leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vasculature and alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). We investigated the role of chemokines in the alteration of the BRB in diabetes. Animals were made diabetic by streptozotocin injection and analyzed for gene expression and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. The expression of CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) was significantly up-regulated in the retinas of rats with 4 and 8 weeks of diabetes and also in human retinal endothelial cells treated with high glucose and glucose flux. Additionally, diabetes or intraocular injection of recombinant CCL2 resulted in increased expression of the macrophage marker, F4/80. Cell culture impedance sensing studies showed that purified CCL2 was unable to alter the integrity of the human retinal endothelial cell barrier, whereas monocyte conditioned medium resulted in significant reduction in cell resistance, suggesting the relevance of CCL2 in early immune cell recruitment for subsequent barrier alterations. Further, using Cx3cr1-GFP mice, we found that intraocular injection of CCL2 increased retinal GFP+ monocyte/macrophage infiltration. When these mice were made diabetic, increased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was also present in retinal tissues. Diabetes and CCL2 injection also induced activation of retinal microglia in these animals. Quantification by flow cytometry demonstrated a two-fold increase of CX3CR1+/CD11b+ (monocyte/macrophage and microglia) cells in retinas of wildtype diabetic animals in comparison to control non-diabetic ones. Using CCL2 knockout (Ccl2-/-) mice, we show a significant reduction in retinal vascular leakage and monocyte infiltration following induction of diabetes indicating the importance of this chemokine in alteration of the BRB. Thus, CCL2 may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
PETA-3/CD151, a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is localised to the plasma membrane and endocytic system of endothelial cells, associates with multiple integrins and modulates cell function (1999)

The Transmembrane 4 Superfamily member, PETA-3/CD151, is ubiquitously expressed by endothelial cells in vivo. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells PETA-3 is present on the plasma membrane and predominantly localises to regions of cell-cell contact. Additionally, this protein is abundant within an intracellular compartment which accounts for up to 66% of the total PETA-3 expressed. Intracellular PETA-3 showed colocalisation with transferrin receptor and CD63 suggesting an endosomal/lysosomal localisation which was supported by immuno-electronmicroscopy studies. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments investigating possible interactions of PETA-3 with other molecules demonstrated associations with several integrin chains including beta1, beta3, beta4, (alpha)2, (alpha)3, (alpha)5, (alpha)6 and provide the first report of Transmembrane 4 Superfamily association with the (alpha)6beta4 integrin. Using 2-colour confocal microscopy, we demonstrated similar localisation of PETA-3 and integrin chains within cytoplasmic vesicles and endothelial cell junctions. In order to assess the functional implications of PETA-3/integrin associations, the effect of anti-PETA-3 antibodies on endothelial function was examined. Anti-PETA-3 mAb inhibited endothelial cell migration and modulated in vitro angiogenesis, but had no detectable effect on neutrophil transendothelial migration. The broad range of integrin associations and the presence of PETA-3 with integrins both on the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicles, suggests a primary role for PETA-3 in regulating integrin trafficking and/or function.
Strategies to Antagonize miRNA Functions In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

miRNAs are a class of short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Diseased tissues have altered miRNA expression patterns, which could provide potential therapeutic targets. Introducing chemically engineered antisense oligonucleotides to cells can silence upregulated miRNAs. Successful miRNA inhibition can be assessed directly by quantitative reverse transcription PCR or northern blot, or indirectly by measuring de-repression of target genes or using reporter assays. In this review, we will discuss the design of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (anti-miRNA), in vivo delivery of anti-miRNA to inhibit disease-related miRNAs and the development of nanoparticle-based anti-miRNA delivery systems. In particular, we will focus on interfering nanoparticles that we designed for in vivo delivery of chemically modified anti-miRNA-122 in mice.
Strength Development and Hydration Behavior of Self-Activation of Commercial Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Mixed with Purified Water (2016)

In this study, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) samples from Singapore, Korea, and the United Arab Emirates were hydrated with purified water to estimate the cementing capabilities without activators. Raw GGBFS samples and hardened pastes were characterized to provide rational explanations for the strengths and hydration products. The slag characteristics that influenced the best strength of raw GGBFS were identified. Although it is widely recognized that GGBFS alone generally shows little cementing capability when hydrated with water, the GGBFSs examined in this study demonstrated various strength developments and hydration behaviors; one of the GGBFS samples even produced a high strength comparable to that of alkali- or Ca(OH)₂-activated GGBFS. In particular, as the GGBFS exhibited a greater number of favorable slag characteristics for hydraulic reactivity, it produced more C-S-H and ettringite. The results demonstrated a reasonable potential for commercial GGBFS with calcium sulfates to function as an independent cementitious binder without activators.
Understanding and Sensitizing Density-Dependent Persistence to Quinolone Antibiotics (2017)

Physiologic and environmental factors can modulate antibiotic activity and thus pose a significant challenge to antibiotic treatment. The quinolone class of antibiotics, which targets bacterial topoisomerases, fails to kill bacteria that have grown to high density; however, the mechanistic basis for this persistence is unclear. Here, we show that exhaustion of the metabolic inputs that couple carbon catabolism to oxidative phosphorylation is a primary cause of growth phase-dependent persistence to quinolone antibiotics. Supplementation of stationary-phase cultures with glucose and a suitable terminal electron acceptor to stimulate respiratory metabolism is sufficient to sensitize cells to quinolone killing. Using this approach, we successfully sensitize high-density populations of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium smegmatis to quinolone antibiotics. Our findings link growth-dependent quinolone persistence to discrete impairments in respiratory metabolism and identify a strategy to kill non-dividing bacteria.
The Relationship between Accounting Numbers and Returns in the Baltic Stock Markets (2002)

This paper analyses the relationship between accounting data and market price returns in the stock markets of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Given the different informational environment and accounting practices from those of developed markets, and relatively thinly traded Baltic stocks, the paper aims to evaluate the relevance of accounting numbers for investors in their investment decisions. It investigates both the contemporaneous one-period return-earnings relation and leading period returns in regression model of the main and secondary list securities (totalling 99 companies) over a 5-year period (1995-2000). Leading period returns in regression model are used order to reduce downward bias in the earnings response coefficient when prices lead earnings, meaning that information reflected in the markets expectations and thus in prices is richer than that in the past series of earnings. Transitory earnings, the other common cause of low returns-earnings association, are analysed as well. I look at the effects of transitory earnings by accounting for the asymmetry in relation to losses and also for the non-linearity of the returns-earnings regression.
Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering (2011)

The need to develop and improve sustainable energy resources is of eminent importance due to the finite nature of our fossil fuels. This review paper deals with a third generation renewable energy resource which does not compete with our food resources, cyanobacteria. We discuss the current state of the art in developing different types of bioenergy (ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, etc.) from cyanobacteria. The major important biochemical pathways in cyanobacteria are highlighted, and the possibility to influence these pathways to improve the production of specific types of energy forms the major part of this review.
Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videos (2014)

We investigate architectures of discriminatively trained deep Convolutional Net-works (ConvNets) for action recognition in video. The challenge is to capture the complementary information on appearance from still frames and motion between frames. We also aim to incorporate into the network design aspects of the best performing hand-crafted features. Our contribution is three-fold. First, we propose a two-stream ConvNet architec-ture which incorporates spatial and temporal networks. Second, we demonstrate that a ConvNet trained on multi-frame dense optical flow is able to achieve very good performance in spite of limited training data. Finally, we show that multi-task learning, applied to two different action classification datasets, can be used to increase the amount of training data and improve the performance on both. Our architecture is trained and evaluated on the standard video actions benchmarks of UCF-101 and HMDB-51, where it matches the state of the art. It also exceeds by a large margin previous attempts to use deep nets for video classification. 1
Minireview: Complexity of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regulation in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment (2014)

Hematopoiesis in vertebrates is sustained over the duration of an organism's lifetime due to strict regulation of the highly hierarchical hematopoietic system, where a few immature hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously regenerate the entire blood supply, which is constantly being replaced. Although HSCs self-regulate through cell-autonomous processes, they also receive a variety of signals from their microenvironment or niche. Within the microenvironment, HSCs are regulated through both cell-cell interactions and secreted signals, including hormones. HSCs at the apex of the blood supply integrate these signals to produce progeny to support hematopoiesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell pool. In the past 10 years, advances in genetic models and flow cytometry have provided the tools to test how the microenvironment regulates HSCs. This review is organized in 3 main parts and will focus on cellular components of the HSC niche that are potential targets for hormonal signals, then review critical regulatory signals in the HSC niche, and finally highlight the emerging role of hormonal and paracrine signals in the bone marrow.
Platelet alpha granules contain a growth factor for fibroblasts (1979)

Abstract Platelets contain a polypeptide growth factor that stimulates the replication of normal connective tissue cells; this platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is released during the clotting process. Human platelets from normal volunteers were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation, and the subcellular organelles were fractionated by ultracentrifugation through a 30%--60% sucrose gradient. Electron microscopy revealed that fraction 7 (density 1.23 g/liter) contained the largest number of alpha granules. The specific activity of platelet fibrinogen, an alpha- granule marker, was also highest in this fraction. The subcellular fractions were assay for the presence of PDGF and for beta- thromboglobulin. PDGF was assayed quantitatively by the stimulation of DNA synthesis in confluent growth-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells, whereas the concentration of beta-thromboglobulin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations of both PDGF and beta- thromboglobulin were found in the alpha-granule fraction. In contrast, beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, was more diffusely distributed and had its highest specific activity in fractions of lower density than those for PDGS, beta-thromboglobulin, or fibrinogen. The data demonstrate that the alpha granules of platelets provide a unique delivery system for PDGF, a polypeptide hormone with growth-promoting activity for connective tissue cells.
Studies on Propafenone‐type Modulators of Multidrug‐Resistance IV: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of 5‐Hydroxy and 5‐Benzyloxy Derivatives (1997)

A series of 5-hydroxy and 5-benzyloxy analogs of the antiarrhythmic and multidrug resistance (MDR) modulating drug propafenone was synthesized and the MDR-modulating activity of the compounds was evaluated using a daunomycin efflux assay system. The key step of the synthesis is the selective reduction of the double bond in 1 without cleavage of the benzyl group thus leading to the phenol 3. Alkylation with epichlorohydrine followed by nucleophilic epoxide ring opening gave the benzylated target compounds 5a-d. Subsequent cleavage of the benzyl group gave the 5-hydroxy analogs 6a-d. Structure activity relationship studies showed, that the 5-hydroxy derivates 6a-d fit the log P/log potency correlation line previously established for a series of propafenone analogs. In contrast, all four 5-benzyloxy analogs 5a-d showed almost identical EC50 values, independent of their log P value.
A Drug-Loaded Aptamer−Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugate for Combined CT Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer (2010)

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most useful diagnostic tools among commonly used biomedical imaging techniques, which also include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound. However, currently available CT contrast agents, which are based on small iodinated molecules, possess a number of limitations, including a lack of targeted molecular imaging, short imaging time, and renal toxicity. Here, we report a multifunctional nanoparticle for targeted molecular CT imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. By functionalizing the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) RNA aptamer that binds to PSMA, we established a targeted molecular CT imaging system capable of specific imaging of prostate cancer cells that express the PSMA protein. The resulting PSMA aptamer-conjugated GNP showed more than 4-fold greater CT intensity for a targeted LNCaP cell than that of a nontargeted PC3 cell. Furthermore, the PSMA aptamer-conjugated GNPs after loading of doxorubicin were significantly more potent against targeted LNCaP cells than against nontargeted PC3 cells.
Electrochemical CO2sequestration in ionic liquids; a perspective (2010)

We review the joint use of ionic liquids and electrochemical methods in the separation of carbon dioxide from other gases and transformation into useful organic feedstocks.
Carboxyl Free Radicals: Formyloxyl (HCOO.bul.) and Acetyloxyl (CH3COO.bul.) Revisited (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxyl Free Radicals: Formyloxyl (HCOO.bul.) and Acetyloxyl (CH3COO.bul.) RevisitedArvi Rauk, Dake Yu, and David A. ArmstrongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8222–8228Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00097a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Botulinum toxin therapy: distant effects on neuromuscular transmission and autonomic nervous system. (1992)

To evaluate distant effects of botulinum toxin, single fibre electromyography on the extensor digitorum communis muscle and six tests of cardiovascular reflexes were performed in five patients injected with BoTox (Oculinum(R) 20-130 units) for craniocervical dystonia and hemifacial spasm. Patients underwent two sessions of treatment and the second time the dosage was doubled. Botulinum toxin injection induced an increase of mean jitter value above normal limits in all cases. An increase of fibre density was recorded six weeks after the treatment. Cardiovascular reflexes showed mild abnormalities in four patients. The data confirm distant effects of botulinum toxin on neuromuscular transmission and on autonomic function.