gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magellan (2016)

Entity matching (EM) has been a long-standing challenge in data management. Most current EM works, however, focus only on developing matching algorithms. We argue that far more efforts should be devoted to building EM systems. We discuss the limitations of current EM systems, then present Magellan, a new kind of EM systems that addresses these limitations. Magellan is novel in four important aspects. (1) It provides a how-to guide that tells users what to do in each EM scenario, step by step. (2) It provides tools to help users do these steps; the tools seek to cover the entire EM pipeline, not just matching and blocking as current EM systems do. (3) Tools are built on top of the data science stacks in Python, allowing Magellan to borrow a rich set of capabilities in data cleaning, IE, visualization, learning, etc. (4) Magellan provide a powerful scripting environment to facilitate interactive experimentation and allow users to quickly write code to "patch" the system. We have extensively evaluated Magellan with 44 students and users at various organizations. In this paper we propose demonstration scenarios that show the promise of the Magellan approach.
Total synthesis of the lignan (±)-schizandrin (1978)

E. Ghera and Y. Ben-David, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 480 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000480
Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass in canines with penetrating cardiac wounds caused by gunshot (2007)

Emergent CPB in the field can maintain haemodynamic stability and supply vital organs with sufficient blood flow, but surgery following CPB is essential to rescue patients with penetrating cardiac wounds.
Isolation and partial characterization of a new human collagen with an extended triple-helical structural domain. (1983)

The collagens are a family of major connective tissue proteins that are known to be the products of at least 11 distinct genes. Primary structural differences between the individual collagen types are thought to reflect functional diversity. We have isolated a previously unknown collagen gene product, termed "long-chain" (LC) collagen, from human chorioamniotic membranes by limited pepsin digestion. Comparison of the isolated alpha-chain subunit to the alpha chains of other collagen types by amino acid composition, peptide mapping with either cyanogen bromide fragmentation or staphylococcal V8 protease digestion, chromatographic elution position, and relative molecular weight indicates that this protein is a product of a previously unrecognized gene. We report structural studies indicating that this molecule contains three identical alpha-chain subunits that are each approximately molecular weight 170,000. The amino acid composition of LC alpha chains suggests that they are about 90% triple helical. Comparisons of the length of segment-long-spacing (SLS) crystallites made from LC molecules with those from types I and V collagens indicate that the LC molecule is substantially longer than these collagens and somewhat longer than the reported length of type IV collagen. This finding suggests that LC collagen represents an additional class of collagen molecules. We suggest that these molecules be referred to as type VII collagen.
A Key Enzyme in the Biogenesis of Lysosomes Is a Protease That Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism (2011)

Mucolipidosis II is a severe lysosomal storage disorder caused by defects in the α and β subunits of the hexameric N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex essential for the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal on lysosomal enzymes. Cleavage of the membrane-bound α/β-subunit precursor by an unknown protease is required for catalytic activity. Here we found that the α/β-subunit precursor is cleaved by the site-1 protease (S1P) that activates sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in response to cholesterol deprivation. S1P-deficient cells failed to activate the α/β-subunit precursor and exhibited a mucolipidosis II-like phenotype. Thus, S1P functions in the biogenesis of lysosomes, and lipid-independent phenotypes of S1P deficiency may be caused by lysosomal dysfunction.
Treatment of Actinic Prurigo With Intermittent Short-Course Topical 0.05% Clobetasol 17-Propionate (1990)

Actinic prurigo is a chronic familial photodermatosis that occurs mostly in Amerindians. Eight patients with actinic prurigo were given intermittent 3- to 14-day courses of topical 0.05% clobetasol 17-propionate cream or ointment in 1988 and 1989. Seven out of eight patients cleared or markedly improved. All of the patients had been resistant previously to milder topical corticosteroids. There have been no side effects. This therapy offers an effective alternative to systemic corticosteroids, oral psoralen with long-wave UV radiation in the A range, or thalidomide.
Selected Studies in High-Angle Hole Cleaning (1990)

Abstract Difficulties encountered while drilling horizontal and highly deviated wells often can be attributed to poor hole cleaning. Despite the benefits of extensive research and experience, there are still disagreements concerning the appropriate field practices for a given well. A major goal of this paper is to place in proper perspective the relative importance of key hole-cleaning parameters. This is achieved through 28 rules-of-thumb based on laboratory testing and field observations. Unique photographs of cuttings transport by fieldmuds in laboratory flow loops are included. The information can be used to plan mud and hydraulics programs and assist in trouble-shooting field problems.
Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis Involves the Heparin II Binding Domain of Fibronectin (1998)

Fibronectin matrix assembly is thought to involve binding interactions between the amino-terminal I1-5 repeats and the first type III repeat (III1). Here we report that a third site, located within the III12-14 repeats of the carboxyl-terminal heparin II domain of fibronectin, is also involved in fibrillogenesis. Heparin II fragments inhibited fibril formation and binding of 125I-labeled fibronectin and/or 70-kDa fragments to the cell surface, deoxycholate-insoluble matrix, and adsorbed 160-kDa cell adhesion fragments of fibronectin. The inhibitory effects of heparin II fragments were as large or up to 20 times larger than those of a 44-kDa fibronectin fragment containing the III1 repeat. Under physiological conditions, amino-terminal fragments of fibronectin containing the I1-5 repeats interacted preferentially with proteolytically derived heparin II fragments and a recombinant III12-14 peptide both in solution and in solid phase, indicating that matrix assembly may involve direct interactions between I1-5 and III12-14 repeats. Interactions between the I1-5 repeats and 160-kDa fragments containing the III12-14 and III1 repeats could be inhibited by >/= 90% by either an anti-III13-14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (IST-2) or an anti-III1 mAb (9D2), suggesting that cooperative interactions between III12-14 and III1 repeats may also promote binding of the I1-5 repeats. Neither mAb IST-2 nor mAb 9D2, alone or in combination, inhibited binding of 125I-labeled 70-kDa fragments to cycloheximide-treated cells plated on the 160-kDa substrate, suggesting that additional I1-5 binding sites, independent of the III1 and III12-14 repeats, may be involved in fibrillogenesis.
Activation of the protein tyrosine kinase tyk2 by interferon α/β (1994)

We previously demonstrated that the gene tyk2 rescues the phenotype of a human mutant cell line unresponsive to alpha (IFN) and partially responsive to IFN-beta. Here, we describe functional complementation of the mutant cells with the corresponding cDNA. To characterize the putative non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase encoded by the gene tyk2 and begin to understand its functioning, we have raised polyclonal antibodies against a segment of the protein. Using these, we have identified tyk2 as a 134-kDa protein which is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to IFN-alpha/beta and possesses an inducible kinase activity when tested in vitro. IFN-gamma has no effect on the phosphorylation state of the protein. In agreement with previous genetic evidence, these results assign a role to tyk2 in the IFN-alpha/beta signalling pathway and not in the IFN-gamma pathway. Fractionation of cell lysates have helped to localize the bulk of the protein in the cytoplasm, with a minor fraction associated with the cell membrane. Both protein pools undergo activation upon short-term IFN treatment of intact cells. Through the study of the effect of pervanadate on the phosphorylation level and the activity of tyk2, we conclude that activation of tyk2 by IFN-alpha does not require an intermediate regulatory tyrosine phosphatase.
Rolling and roll‐drawing of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene reactor powders (1991)

Abstract Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reactor powders have been found to be processable in the solid state by the techniques of rolling and roll‐drawing. Plates of compacted UHMWPE reactor powder were prepared below their melting points. These plates were then rolled at 124°C. The maximum uniaxial draw ratio (DR) obtained by multiple rolling was about 10. In additional experiments, rolled plates of a DR of 6 were further drawn by tensile stretching at a temperature of 135°C. The specimens prepared by rolling and by the two‐stage draw were characterized by tensile measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction. Results show that, on rolling alone, the tensile modulus and tensile strength achieved were 3 GPa and 42 MPa, respectively, at a DR of 9.6. The rolled plates were effectively drawn further to a total DR of 86. Such highly drawn films exhibited tensile moduli and tensile strength up to 81 and 1.3 GPa, respectively. A high crystallinity and high crystal orientation were also obtained by the two‐stage draw.
Covalent Modification of PML by the Sentrin Family of Ubiquitin-like Proteins (1998)

PML, a RING finger protein with tumor suppressor activity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia that arises following a reciprocal chromosomal translocation that fuses the PML gene with the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene. Immunocytochemical analysis has demonstrated that PML is co-localized with a novel ubiquitin-like protein in the nuclear bodies, which could be disrupted by the PML-RARalpha fusion protein. The physical nature of this co-localization is unknown. Using a COS cell expression system, we show that PML is covalently modified by all three members of the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins. Covalent modification of PML requires the conserved Gly residue near the C termini of sentrin proteins. Sentrinization of PML is highly specific because neither NEDD8 nor ubiquitin could modify PML. Similar specificity is also observed for the covalent modification of RanGAP1 by the sentrin member of ubiquitin-like proteins. These observations highlight the fine substrate specificity of the sentrinization pathway. In acute promyelocytic leukemia, two forms of PML-RARalpha fusion proteins have been reported. Remarkably, both forms of PML-RARalpha fusion proteins could not be sentrinized. Thus differential sentrinization of PML and PML-RARalpha could play an important role in regulating the biological function of PML and in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Internet multimedia on wheels: connecting cars to cyberspace (2002)

An integrated solution to seamless connectivity and innovative in-trip services is being researched at the Daimler-Benz Research and Technology Center in Palo Alto. The Internet Multimedia on Wheels Concept Car has an onboard, integrated wireless communication system and the computing infrastructure to provide Internet connectivity from the car to any specific server on the Internet while stationary or in motion. Essentially, the car is like any other node on the Internet with a unique Internet protocol (IP) address such as the vehicle identification number (VIN). Thus, an entirely new type of services can be delivered to cars in an efficient and secure way through increasingly less expensive wireless data connectivity over the Internet.
Scalability of microkernel-based systems (2005)

Microkernel-based systems divide the operating system functionality into individual and isolated components. The system components are subject to applicationclass protection and isolation. This structuring method has a number of benefits, such as fault isolation between system components, safe extensibility, co-existence of different policies, and isolation between mutually distrusting components. However, such strict isolation limits the information flow between subsystems including information that is essential for performance and scalability in multiprocessor systems. Semantically richer kernel abstractions scale at the cost of generality and minimality–two desired properties of a microkernel. I propose an architecture that allows for dynamic adjustment of scalability-relevant parameters in a general, flexible, and safe manner. I introduce isolation boundaries for microkernel resources and the system processors. The boundaries are controlled at user-level. Operating system components and applications can transform their semantic information into three basic parameters relevant for scalability: the involved processors (depending on their relation and interconnect), degree of concurrency, and groups of resources. I developed a set of mechanisms that allow a kernel to: 1. efficiently track processors on a per-resource basis with support for very large number of processors, 2. dynamically and safely adjust lock primitives at runtime, including full deactivation of kernel locks in the case of no concurrency, 3. dynamically and safely adjust locking granularity at runtime, 4. provide a scalable translation-look-aside buffer (TLB) coherency algorithm that uses versions to minimize interprocessor interference for concurrent memory resource re-allocations, and 5. efficiently track and communicate resource usage in a component-based operating system. Based on my architecture, it is possible to efficiently co-host multiple isolated, independent, and loosely coupled systems on larger multiprocessor systems, and also to fine-tune individual subsystems of a system that have different and potentially conflicting scalability and performance requirements. I describe the application of my techniques to a real system: L4Ka::Pistachio, the latest variant of an L4 microkernel. L4Ka::Pistachio is used in a variety of research and industry projects. Introducing a new dimension to a system — parallelism of multiprocessors — naturally introduces new complexity and overheads. I evaluate my solutions by comparing with the most challenging competitor: the uniprocessor variant of the very same and highly optimized microkernel.
Identification of vacancy clusters in FZ-Si crystals (1991)

D defects in FZ-Si crystals are identified by XAFS method, in conjunction with the Cu decoration technique. The atomic structure of the Cu precipitates on the D defects is analyzed and their nature is referred. The Cu precipitates on the D defects are Cu clusters. This result suggests that Cu precipitation takes place at vacancy-rich sites and the D defects are vacancy-clusters. Mittels XAFS-Methode kombiniert mit der Cu-Dekorationstechnik werden D-Defekte in FZ-Si-Kristallen identifiziert. Die atomare Struktur der Cu-Präzipitate auf den D-Defekten wird analysiert und ihre Ursache diskutiert. Die Cu-Präzipitate auf den D-Defekten sind Cu-Cluster. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Cu-Präzipitation an leerstellenreichen Plätzen stattfindet und die D-Defekte Leerstellencluster sind.
Analytics and Transactive Control Design for the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project (2010)

We have embarked on a comprehensive smart grid demonstration project in the Pacific Northwest involving 60,000 customers from 12 utilities across 5 states, covering the end-to-end electrical system from generation to consumption, built around a substantial infrastructure of deployed smart meters. The goal of this project is to demonstrate among other things how transactive control can be used to manage distributed generation and demand response. The current plan is to test a hierarchical but decentralized control system where each node of the power grid uses local signals of demand and price to match supply with demand at varying frequencies of up to every 5 minutes or less. In this paper we discuss different theoretical and practical aspects of transactive control, and identify the analytic methods that would need to be explored to operationalize such a design.
In vitro regeneration and genetic manipulation of grasses (1988)

Regeneration of plants from cultured cells is an important and essential component of plant biotechnology. Advances in the recovery of plants from cultured cells and protoplasts of grasses, and in genetic transformation provide challenging opportunities for the genetic manipulation and improvement of this most important group of food plants.
Hypoxia-Inducible Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Promote Tumor Cell Growth by Counteracting Acidosis through the Regulation of the Intracellular pH (2008)

Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment is typical of a malignant phenotype, particularly in hypoxic tumors. All cells express multiple isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), enzymes catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and protons. Tumor cells express membrane-bound CAIX and CAXII that are controlled via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Despite the recognition that tumor expression of HIF-1alpha and CAIX correlates with poor patient survival, the role of CAIX and CAXII in tumor growth is not fully resolved. To understand the advantage that tumor cells derive from expression of both CAIX and CAXII, we set up experiments to either force or invalidate the expression of these enzymes. In hypoxic LS174Tr tumor cells expressing either one or both CA isoforms, we show that (a) in response to a "CO(2) load," both CAs contribute to extracellular acidification and (b) both contribute to maintain a more alkaline resting intracellular pH (pH(i)), an action that preserves ATP levels and cell survival in a range of acidic outside pH (6.0-6.8) and low bicarbonate medium. In vivo experiments show that ca9 silencing alone leads to a 40% reduction in xenograft tumor volume with up-regulation of ca12 mRNA levels, whereas invalidation of both CAIX and CAXII gives an impressive 85% reduction. Thus, hypoxia-induced CAIX and CAXII are major tumor prosurvival pH(i)-regulating enzymes, and their combined targeting shows that they hold potential as anticancer targets.
Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazoloquinazoline and [1,2,4]‐triazolo‐1,4‐benzodiazepine derivatives (1993)

Abstract Some [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ c ]quinazolin‐5(6 H )‐ones 7 , the corresponding isomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ c ]quinazo‐lin‐5(6 H )‐ones and the 5‐amino derivatives 8, 9 and 11 have been synthesized starting from the acylamidrazones 5 . The preparation of 5 H ‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ d ]‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐6(7 H )‐ones 15 and of 5‐cyclicaminomethyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ c ]quinazolines 16 and 17 is also reported.
Activation of Properdin (P) and Assembly and Regulation of the Alternative Pathway C5 Convertase (1976)

Abstract Isolated 125I P̄ binds to EAC4b,3b (E-C3b) but not to EAC4b. Bound C3b is therefore considered the P̄ receptor. Partially purified 125I-labeled precursor P does not bind to E-C3b. P is activated and bound by E-C3b in the presence of components B, D̄ and Mg++. Activation was measured by the stabilizing effect of P on E- C5 convertase. Since P is bound to preformed E- in the presence of 0.02 M EDTA, cell-bound C is considered the P-activating principle. E- C5 convertase has a T/2 of 2.5 min at 37°C. It does not require C3 for formation or function. The Km for C5 is 1.4 × 10-7 M. The enzyme forms E-C5b,6,7 sites from C5 (25 µg/ml) and C6 and C7 which are present in 200-fold lower concentration. Addition of P or P̄ increases the T/2 to 8 to 16 min at 37°C. E-C acts on both C3 or C5, as measured by 125I C3 and 125I C5 uptake. The C3 and C5 convertase functions of are inhibited by soluble C3b, which causes dissociation of B. The enzyme can be fully regenerated from the residual E-C3b,P̄ by B, D̄ and Mg++, showing that in the assembly of the enzyme P̄ may precede the binding of B, Component B is bound to E-C3b,P̄ in the absence of D. Binding requires Mg++ and is totally reversed by EDTA. Conversion of E-C3b,P̄,B to C5 convertase requires D̄ or trypsin. The stoichiometry of the C5 convertase subunits was determined with radiolabeled components. From 30 to 50 bound C3b molecules are necessary for activation and binding of one molecule of P, suggesting the requirement of a steric relationship of at least two C3b molecules. E-C3b,P̄ can bind maximally one molecule of B per molecule of P. Regulation is exerted not only by soluble C3b, which dissociates the enzyme, but also by a P̄ receptor destroying enzyme which acts on cell-bound C3b and releases P̄ from and which is probably identical with the C3b inactivator.
An extremely thermostable xylanase from the thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga (1991)

Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) was isolated from the culture supernatant of Thermotoga sp. strain FjSS3-B.1, an extremely thermophilic anaerobic eubacterium which grows optimally at 80 degrees C. Activity was purified 165-fold by anion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The enzyme has an Mr of 31,000 as determined by SDS/PAGE and 35,000 by analytical gel filtration. The optima for activity and stability for purified xylanase were between pH 5.0 and 5.5. At pH 5.5, which is the optimum pH for thermostability, t1/2 (95 degrees C) is 90 min. The thermostability was improved by immobilization of the xylanase on to porous glass beads; t1/2 (105 degrees C) is 10 min. Several additives, such as sorbitol and xylan, were also found to increase the thermostability. At 130 degrees C, the half-life of immobilized xylanase in the presence of 90% sorbitol was 1.3 min. At 130 degrees C in molten sorbitol half of the enzyme denatured rapidly, but the remainder appeared to have a half-life of about 60 min.
Hardware implementation of N-LUT method using field programmable gate array technology (2011)

Hardware implementation for holographic 3D display application is researched by many researchers. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the hardware implementation method for novel look-up table (N-LUT) method using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. In the proposed method, calculation process is divided by some segment block for fast parallel processing of calculation of N-LUT method. That is, by using parallel processing by use of some segmented block based on FPGA technology, calculation speed of CGH can be increased