gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A distance-based approach to entity reconciliation in heterogeneous databases (2002)

In modern organizations, decision makers must often be able to quickly access information from diverse sources in order to make timely decisions. A critical problem facing many such organizations is the inability to easily reconcile the information contained in heterogeneous data sources. To overcome this limitation, an organization must resolve several types of heterogeneity problems that may exist across different sources. We examine one such problem called the entity heterogeneity problem, which arises when the same real-world entity type is represented using different identifiers in different applications. A decision-theoretic model to resolve the problem is proposed. Our model uses a distance measure to express the similarity between two entity instances. We have implemented the model and tested it on real-world data. The results indicate that the model performs quite well in terms of its ability to predict whether two entity instances should be matched or not. The model is shown to be computationally efficient. It also scales well to large relations from the perspective of the accuracy of prediction. Overall, the test results imply that this is certainly a viable approach in practical situations.
Identification of a transthyretin enhancer site that selectively binds the hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 beta isoform. (1996)

The upstream proximal region of the transthyretin (TTR) promoter and a distal enhancer are sufficient to drive liver-specific expression of the TTR gene, as demonstrated by experiments in transgenic mice. Previous analyses have characterized the binding of a number of liver-enriched transcription factors of the TTR promoter including hepatocyte nuclear factors one (HNF-1), HNF-4, and three distinct HNF-3 proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma), which are members of the winged helix (fork head) family. The TTR enhancer was shown to bind members of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family at two distinct sites (TTR-2 and TTR-3), and an oligonucleotide containing the activation protein one (AP-1) binding sequence competed for recognition to a third enhancer site (TTR-1). In this study, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the transcription factors that recognize the TTR enhancer elements (TTR-1, TTR-2, and TTR-3 oligonucleotide sequences). Analysis of the TTR-1 site demonstrates that the putative AP-1 site in the TTR enhancer binds a ubiquitously expressed factor that is distinct from the AP-1 family of proteins. Next we demonstrate, via gel shift analysis, that the TTR-3 site is recognized by the C/EBP family in liver nuclear extracts. We also show that whereas the TTR-2 enhancer site is capable of binding recombinant C/EBP proteins, it does not bind C/EBP proteins from liver nuclear extracts. The TTR-2 site does, however, contain a variant HNF-3 recognition sequence that exclusively binds the HNF-3 beta isoform. Mutation of this HNF-3 beta-specific recognition sequence caused reductions in TTR enhancer activity. We had previously observed a 95% decrease in HNF-3 alpha expression and a 20% reduction in HNF-3 beta expression in acute phase livers, which correlated with a 60% decrease in TTR gene transcription. We propose that the HNF-3 beta-specific binding site in the TTR enhancer may play a role in maintaining TTR gene expression during the acute phase response in spite of the dramatic reduction in HNF-3 alpha protein levels.
Effectiveness of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2012)

There is evidence of significant improvement in OAB symptoms using PTNS which is comparable to the effect of antimuscarinics but with a better side effect profile. The studies included in the review only considered short-term outcomes after initial treatment. In order to recommend PTNS as a practical treatment option, long-term data and health economic analysis are needed.
Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) Circuits and Architectures: A Tutorial and Survey (2006)

We survey recent developments in the design of large-capacity content-addressable memory (CAM). A CAM is a memory that implements the lookup-table function in a single clock cycle using dedicated comparison circuitry. CAMs are especially popular in network routers for packet forwarding and packet classification, but they are also beneficial in a variety of other applications that require high-speed table lookup. The main CAM-design challenge is to reduce power consumption associated with the large amount of parallel active circuitry, without sacrificing speed or memory density. In this paper, we review CAM-design techniques at the circuit level and at the architectural level. At the circuit level, we review low-power matchline sensing techniques and searchline driving approaches. At the architectural level we review three methods for reducing power consumption.
Inhibitory and activating receptors involved in immune surveillance by human NK and myeloid cells (1999)

We review the structure, cellular distribution, ligand specificity, and function of two emerging types of receptors involved in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cell recognition of other cells: ILT/LIR/MIR and 2B4 receptors. ILT/LIR/MIR receptors are differentially expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells and two of them, ILT2 and ILT4, recognize HLA class I molecules. Whereas some receptors inhibit, others induce cell activation. 2B4 is broadly expressed on leukocytes, binds CD48, and mediates non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity by NK cells.
Human cardiomyocytes express high level of Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) (2003)

We have quantitatively measured gene expression for the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2) in 23 human tissues using the method of real time PCR. As predicted, our results revealed that the expression of SGLT1 was very high in the small intestine (1.2E + 6 molecules/microg total RNA) relative to that in the kidney (3E + 4 molecules/microg total RNA). Surprisingly, we observed that the expression of SGLT1 in human heart was unexpectedly high (3.4E + 5 molecules/microg total RNA), approximately 10-fold higher than that observed in kidney tissue. DNA sequencing confirmed that the PCR amplified fragment was indeed the human SGLT1 gene. Moreover, in situ hybridization studies using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense cRNA probe corresponding to human SGLT1 cDNA confirm that human cardiomyocytes express SGLT1 mRNA. In contrast, the expression of SGLT2 in human tissues appears to be ubiquitous, with levels ranging from 6.7E + 4 molecules/microg total RNA (in skeletal muscle) to 3.2E + 6 molecules/microg total RNA (in kidney), levels 10-100-fold higher than the expression of SGLT1 in the same tissues. Our finding that human cardiomyocytes express high levels of SGLT1 RNA suggests that SGLT1 may have a functional role in cardiac glucose transport. Since several SGLT inhibitors are currently in development as potential anti-diabetic agents, it may be important to assess the functional consequences of inhibition of SGLT1 in the heart.
Synthesis of Li[sup +] Ion Conductive PEO-PSt Block Copolymer Electrolyte with Microphase Separation Structure (2005)

A block copolymer consisting of a polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polystyrene (PSt) was applied to the preparation of a microphase separation of solid polymer electrolyte containing with high ionic conductivity at room temperature (more than ). The polystyrene block provided the mechanical strength and the polyethylene oxide one allowed for fast ion conduction in the polymer electrolyte without any plasticizer. Using this new microphase separation solid polymer electrolyte, a electrolyte/Li metal cell was constructed and tested. The prepared cell exhibited a discharge capacity of at .
Genome sequence of Oceanobacillus iheyensis isolated from the Iheya Ridge and its unexpected adaptive capabilities to extreme environments (2002)

Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 is an alkaliphilic and extremely halotolerant Bacillus-related species isolated from deep-sea sediment. We present here the complete genome sequence of HTE831 along with analyses of genes required for adaptation to highly alkaline and saline environments. The genome consists of 3.6 Mb, encoding many proteins potentially associated with roles in regulation of intracellular osmotic pressure and pH homeostasis. The candidate genes involved in alkaliphily were determined based on comparative analysis with three Bacillus species and two other Gram-positive species. Comparison with the genomes of other major Gram-positive bacterial species suggests that the backbone of the genus Bacillus is composed of approximately 350 genes. This second genome sequence of an alkaliphilic Bacillus-related species will be useful in understanding life in highly alkaline environments and microbial diversity within the ubiquitous bacilli.
Timing-driven hierarchical global routing with wire-sizing and buffer-insertion for VLSI with multi-routing-layer (2000)

In the high performance VLSI with multi-layer layout model, the complexity of the global routing problem becomes much high under timing constraints. This paper presents a hierarchical global routing method based on a multi-layer routing model for the high performance standard cell layout. In each hierarchical level, the routes of nets are determined by solving a linear programming problem considering wire-sizing and bufferinsertion under timing constraints. We have implemented the proposed method on a workstation and showed the effectiveness of the method from experimental results.
Transplanted Hematopoietic Cells Seed in Clusters in Recipient Bone Marrow In Vivo (2002)

The process of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) seeding in recipient bone marrow (BM) early after transplantation is not fully characterized. In vivo tracking of HSPCs, labeled with PKH dyes, through an optical window surgically implanted on the mouse femur revealed that transplanted cells cluster in the recipient BM. Within the first day after intravenous injection, 86 +/- 6% of the cells seeded in clusters (p < 0.001 versus scattered cells) in the endosteal surfaces of the epiphyses. The primary clusters were formed by concomitant seeding of 6-10 cells over an area of approximately 70 microm, and secondarily injected cells did not join the already existing clusters but formed new clusters. Major antigen-disparate HSPCs participated in formation of the primary clusters, and T lymphocytes were also incorporated. After 4 to 5 days, some cellular clusters were observed in the more central regions of the BM, where the brightness of PKH fluorescence decreased, indicating cellular division. These later clusters were classified as secondary, assuming that the mechanisms of migration in the BM might be different from those of primary seeding. Some clusters remained in the periphery of the BM and retained bright fluorescence, indicating cellular quiescence. The number of brightly fluorescent cells in the clusters decreased exponentially to two to three cells after 24 days (p < 0.001). The data suggest that the hematopoietic niche is a functional unit of the BM stromal microenvironment that hosts seeding of a number of transplanted cells, which form a cluster. This may be the site where auxiliary non-HSPC cells, such as T lymphocytes, act in support of HSPC engraftment.
An Extended Linkage Map for Watermelon Based on SRAP, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, and RAPD Markers (2006)

Seventy-one amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 93 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to extend an initial genetic linkage map for watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai]. The initial map was based on 151 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 30 and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A testcross population previously used for mapping of RAPD and ISSR markers was used in this study: {plant accession Griffin 14113 [ C. lanatus var . citroide (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.] × the watermelon cultivar New Hampshire Midget ( C. lanatus var. lanatus )} × PI 386015 [ C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.]. The linkage map contains 360 DNA markers distributed on 19 linkage groups, and covers a genetic distance of 1976 cM with an average distance of 5.8 cM between two markers. A genomic DNA clone representing 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC-) synthase gene, involved in ethylene biosynthesis, was also mapped. As in previous mapping studies for watermelon, a large number of AFLP and SRAP markers were skewed away from the 1:1 segregation ratio, and had to be excluded from the final mapping analysis. The stringent mapping criteria (JoinMap 3.0 mapping program) produced linkage groups with marker order consistent with those reported in previous mapping study for watermelon.
Albumin endocytosis in endothelial cells induces TGF-β receptor II signaling (2004)

Vascular endothelial cells undergo albumin endocytosis using a set of albumin binding proteins. This process is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. We showed by several criteria that the previously described 73-kDa endothelial cell surface albumin binding protein is the 75-kDa transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII). Albumin coimmunoprecipitated with TbetaRII from a membrane fraction from rat lung microvascular endothelial cells. Albumin endocytosis-negative COS-7 cells became albumin endocytosis competent when transfected with wild-type TbetaRII but not when transfected with a domain-negative kinase mutant of TbetaRII. An antibody specific for TbetaRII inhibited albumin endocytosis. A mink lung epithelial cell line, which expresses both the TGF-beta receptor type I (TbetaRI) and the TbetaRII receptor, exhibited albumin binding to the cell surface and endocytosis. In contrast, mutant L-17 and DR-26 cells lacking TbetaRI or TbetaRII, respectively, each showed a dramatic reduction in binding and endocytosis. Albumin endocytosis induced Smad2 phosphorylation and Smad4 translocation as well as increased protein expression of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7. We identified regions of significant homology between amino acid sequences of albumin and TGF-beta, suggesting a structural basis for the interaction of albumin with the TGF-beta receptors and subsequent activation of TbetaRII signaling. The observed albumin-induced internalization of TbetaRII signaling may be an important mechanism in the vessel wall for controlling TGF-beta responses in endothelial cells.
Quantum Chemistry Predicts Multiply Bonded Diuranium Compounds to Be Stable (2005)

Results from quantum chemical calculations that predict the existence of a series of diuranium molecules are reported. Two diuranium chlorides, U(2)Cl(6) and U(2)Cl(8)(2)(-), and three different carboxylates, U(2)(OCHO)(4), U(2)(OCHO)(6), and U(2)(OCHO)(4)Cl(2) have been studied. All species have been found to be stable with a multiply bonded U(2) unit.
Intelligent synchronized robot/conveyor system (1999)

A robot/conveyor system is an important part of the manufacturing system. As such, the robot/conveyor system must comply with all the requirements of a modern manufacturing system: high flexibility, high efficiency, and smart reasoning processes to lead the system to its next status based on its current status and varied inputs. An expert system consisting of a knowledge base and an inference engine was developed to operate and control a robot/conveyor system. A large variety of robot/conveyor system runs were performed to explore the efficiency of its operations. These system runs explore all the parameters associated with robot/conveyor system operations: manipulators specifications and velocities, pick-up methods, types of arriving parts, their locations, and orientations. The performed runs verified a well-known fact that a robot/conveyor system based on variable pick-up locations is more efficient than a robot/conveyor system based on a single, predefined, and unchanged pick-up location. The implementations of the variable pick-up locations method is associated with the need to implement real-time complicated software algorithms to track the arriving parts and to synchronize their maneuvers with the conveyor belt. Therefore, the implementation of variable pick-up locations method must be performed only when they result in most significant benefits. The system runs show that the benefits of the variable pick-up locations approach are inversely related to manipulations' velocities. If the variable pick-up location method is incorporated with efficient and reliable tracking algorithms, most efficient robot/conveyor systems will be resulted. Therefore, future efforts should address the advance of tracking algorithms of arriving parts, thus improving the synchronization of these parts with manipulator's maneuver, in order to achieve the most efficient robot/conveyor system. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reconstruction of Complex Discrete-Valued Vector via Convex Optimization With Sparse Regularizers (2018)

In this paper, we propose a method for the reconstruction of a complex discrete-valued vector from its linear measurements. In particular, we mainly focus on the underdetermined cases, where the number of measurements is less than that of the unknown complex discrete variables, and propose a reconstruction approach of solving an optimization problem called sum of complex sparse regularizers (SCSR) optimization. The sum of sparse regularizers in the objective function can directly utilize the discrete nature of the unknown vector in the complex domain. We also propose an algorithm for the SCSR optimization problem on the basis of alternating direction method of multipliers. For the proposed convex regularizers, we analytically prove that the sequence obtained by the proposed algorithm converges to the optimal solution of the problem. To obtain better reconstruction performance, we further propose an iterative approach named iterative weighted SCSR (IW-SCSR), where we update the parameters in the objective function in each iteration by using the tentative estimate in the previous iteration. Simulation results show that IW-SCSR can reconstruct the complex discrete-valued vector from its underdetermined linear measurements and achieve good performance in the applications of overloaded multiple-input multiple-output signal detection and channel equalization.
Growth of human lung tumor in the brain of the nude rat as a model to evaluate antitumor agent delivery across the blood-brain barrier. (1985)

We have developed a brain tumor model in the nude rat utilizing NCI-N417D human small cell carcinoma of the lung grown both intracerebrally and s.c. The median latency period from the time of intracerebral tumor inoculation to the onset of neurological symptoms is 13 days with an intracerebral tumor take rate of 91% (29 of 32). The median survival is 13 days, and all animals were dead by Day 26. The tumor is discrete, well circumscribed, with occasional leptomeningeal spread and with minimal evidence of surrounding cerebral edema. Intracerebrally, this tumor is usually impermeable to Evan's blue:albumin (Mr 68,500) but not fluorescein (Mr 376). Although variable, the intracerebral tumor is less permeable to methotrexate than is the same tumor grown s.c. in the same animal (P less than 0.005). The intraarterial and i.v. routes of methotrexate administration in the presence and absence of blood-brain barrier opening were evaluated. Drug delivery to the intracerebral tumor and ipsilateral brain was significantly (P less than 0.025) greater when the methotrexate was given intraarterially and was significantly (P less than 0.0025) increased after osmotic blood-brain barrier opening. After barrier opening, methotrexate concentration was enhanced 3- to 4-fold in tumor and 10- to 20-fold in brain around tumor. Thus, the nude rat provides a model to investigate the biology and therapeutic responsiveness of human small cell carcinoma of the lung grown intracerebrally where it develops a blood-tumor barrier similar to that seen in humans. This model further provides the unique opportunity to investigate the role of osmotic blood-brain barrier opening in the treatment of a tumor which is sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents and for which tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies are available.
Respiratory protease/antiprotease balance determines susceptibility to viral infection and can be modified by nutritional antioxidants (2015)

The respiratory epithelium functions as a central orchestrator to initiate and organize responses to inhaled stimuli. Proteases and antiproteases are secreted from the respiratory epithelium and are involved in respiratory homeostasis. Modifications to the protease/antiprotease balance can lead to the development of lung diseases such as emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, altered protease/antiprotease balance, in favor for increased protease activity, is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections such as influenza virus. However, nutritional antioxidants induce antiprotease expression/secretion and decrease protease expression/activity, to protect against viral infection. As such, this review will elucidate the impact of this balance in the context of respiratory viral infection and lung disease, to further highlight the role epithelial cell-derived proteases and antiproteases contribute to respiratory immune function. Furthermore, this review will offer the use of nutritional antioxidants as possible therapeutics to boost respiratory mucosal responses and/or protect against infection.
Routing L-shaped channels in nonslicing-structure placement (1987)

The concept of L-shaped channels was first introduced in RRDO [1] to generate a feasible routing order for nonslicing-structure placement in building-block layout design. This paper presents two approaches for the L-shaped channel-routing problem. In the Manhattan approach, only horizontal and vertical wires are used. The L-shaped channel is divided into two subchannels. The vertical subchannel will be routed first, then the horizontal subchannel will be routed by a special channel router which can handle fixed terminals on 3 sides. Since the routing constraints will change during the boundary movement, several iterations may be needed to complete the routing. In the non-Manhattan approach, 45 ° wires are used to preserve the routing constraints when the boundary is moved in the 45 ° direction. With all the vertical constraints substituted by 45 ° constraints, the L-shaped channel-routing problem can be directly mapped into the straight-type channel-routing problem. Horizontal or vertical extension wires are used to connect terminals on an indented boundary and to separate terminals which are too close to allow the generation of 45 ° wires. Experimental results show that both approaches provide good solutions to the L-shaped channel-routing problem.