gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An instructable, adaptive interface for discovering and monitoring information on the World-Wide Web (1998)

Article An instructable, adaptive interface for discovering and monitoring information on the World-Wide Web Share on Authors: Jude Shavlik Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WIView Profile , Susan Calcari Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WIView Profile , Tina Eliassi-Rad Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WIView Profile , Jack Solock Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims IUI '99: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfacesDecember 1998 Pages 157–160https://doi.org/10.1145/291080.291106Online:01 December 1998Publication History 16citation462DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads462Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Macular Atrophy in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2019)

No significant differences in the rate of development or growth of MA over 24 months were observed between ranibizumab and aflibercept in nAMD patients treated using an identical T&E regimen.
Synthesis of Biologically Active Dicarba Analogues of the Peptide Hormone Oxytocin Using Ring-Closing Metathesis (2002)

Facile synthesis of cis and trans olefinic analogues of oxytocin 1 that have carbon in place of sulfur is achieved via ring-closing metathesis (RCM) on a resin-bound linear precursor peptide. Hydrogenation of the cis olefin, 3, proceeds selectively to generate the previously reported saturated derivative 5. Biological testing on rat uterus strips shows that cis compound 3 has an EC50 value of 38 ng/mL (EC50 for oxytocin is 2.7 ng/mL) whereas 5 and trans olefin 4 are less active. [reaction--see text]
Uses of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Analysis (1987)

Abstract Near-infrared (near-IR, NIR) spectroscopy has been a regularly used technique in agriculture and textile manufacturing for some years [1–61. However, the pharmaceutical industry has been slow to accept near-JR as an everyday analytical process. One reason may be its lack of primary absorption bands. All NIR absorbances are overtones of bands originating in the midrange infrared spectrum (4000–17000 nm). In addition, most of the near-JR spectrum of organic compounds (800–3500 nm) is attributable to combinations of the aforementioned over-tones. These “shortcomings” are more than compensated for by the attributes of near-IR instrumentation. Several excellent reviews have recently been published on the theory and instrumentation involved in near-IR reflectance analysis (NIRA) [7–10].
Vein grafts for arterial repair: their success and reasons for failure. (1981)

This article reviews briefly the history of the use of vein grafts for arterial repair. It concentrates upon the various reports of success and failure rates with this procedure, particularly in coronary artery and femoropopliteal bypass operations, and compares the two. Special emphasis is given to the two major intrinsic reasons for graft failure: intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Both of these are discussed with reference to the experimental evidence available to show the various factors that might be involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Facile synthesis of new imidazoles from direct reaction of 2,3‐diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with aldehydes (2011)

Abstract New imidazoles were easily prepared from 2,3‐diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and stoichiometric quantities of the appropriate aldehydes in dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The reaction proceeded for few hours. The procedure can be generalized to different classes of aldehydes. 2‐Methyl‐1 H ‐naphtho[2,3‐ d ]imidazole‐4,9‐dione was also obtained in good yield during refluxing of 2,3‐diaminonaphthoquinone in acetic acid. The structure of the newly synthesized imidazoles was extensively investigated using NMR experiments. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Beam dynamics aspects of crab cavities in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (2009)

Modern colliders bring into collision a large number of bunches to achieve a high luminosity. The long-range beam-beam effects arising from parasitic encounters at such colliders are mitigated by introducing a crossing angle. Under these conditions, crab cavities (CC) can be used to restore effective head-on collisions and thereby to increase the geometric luminosity. Such crab cavities have been proposed for both linear and circular colliders. The crab cavities are rf cavities operated in a transverse dipole mode, which imparts on the beam particles a transverse kick that varies with the longitudinal position along the bunch. The use of crab cavities in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may not only raise the luminosity, but it could also complicate the beam dynamics, e.g., crab cavities might not only cancel synchrobetatron resonances excited by the crossing angle but they could also excite new ones, they could reduce the dynamic aperture for off-momentum particles, they could influence the aperture and orbit, also degrade the collimation cleaning efficiency, and so on. In this paper, we explore the principal feasibility of LHC crab cavities from a beam dynamics point of view. The implications of the crab cavities for the LHC optics, analytical and numerical luminosity studies, dynamic aperture, aperture and beta beating, emittance growth, beam-beam tune shift, long-range collisions, and synchrobetatron resonances, crab dispersion, and collimation efficiency will be discussed.
The trigeminovascular system and migraine: Studies characterizing cerebrovascular and neuropeptide changes seen in humans and cats (1993)

Both clinical and physiological consideration of migraine suggests that the pathophysiology of the syndrome is intimately linked to the trigeminal innervation of the cranial vessels, the trigeminovascular system. Studies were conducted in cats and humans to examine the interaction of these systems with the effective acute antimigraine drugs dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan. In the animal studies cats were anesthetized and prepared for routine physiological monitoring as well as for blood sampling from the external jugular veins. Cerebral blood flow was monitored continuously using laser Doppler flowmetry and the effect of trigeminal ganglion stimulation on both cerebral blood flow and jugular vein peptide levels determined prior to and after administration of either sumatriptan or dihydroergotamine. Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion led to a frequency-dependent increase in cerebral blood flow, with a mean maximum of 43 +/- 9% at a stimulus frequency of 20 per second. There was a marked reduction in these responses by some 50% after administration of either sumatriptan or dihydroergotamine. Trigeminal ganglion stimulation at a frequency of 5 per second also led to a release into the cranial circulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), with the level rising from 67 +/- 3 to 82 +/- 5 pmol/liter on the side of stimulation. These increases were also markedly antagonized by both sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine. Human studies were conducted as part of the overall evaluation of sumatriptan for the treatment of acute migraine. In 7 of 8 patients responding to subcutaneous sumatriptan administration, elevated CGRP levels (60 +/- 8 pmol/liter) were normalized, with the headache being relieved (40 +/- 8 pmol/liter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evasion of Host Immune Responses by Tumours and Viruses (2007)

Viruses and tumours use various mechanisms to avoid immune surveillance. Oncogenic viruses have achieved a balance with the immune system through evolutionary time to ensure long-term persistence. Mutations that promote escape mechanisms favouring tumour growth to the detriment of host survival through reproductive age offer no selective advantage and will not generally be maintained in the viral genome that persists in nature. Conventional (non-oncogenic) and tumour viruses interact with various immune mediators and T cells in different ways. Oncogenic viruses cannot operate solely in the context of a lytic cycle, though this may be characteristic of the initial phase of infection that is limited by the acute immune response. Some oncogenic viruses interact with normal cellular growth control and signalling mechanisms. Synthesis of key viral proteins may be tightly controlled in replicating cells that are subject to T cell surveillance, such as basal epithelia, while productive infection occurs in non-proliferating progeny that are lost under normal physiological conditions, such as desquamating epithelia. Tumorigenesis may be an aberrant consequence of the molecular mechanisms needed to maintain this pattern of viral growth regulation in the context of the cell cycle. Vaccines designed to limit the acute phase of infection with cell-free oncogenic viruses should be as effective as those for conventional viruses.
Prostate stem cell antigen is a promising candidate for immunotherapy of advanced prostate cancer. (2000)

Immunotherapy of prostate cancer (CaP) may be a promising novel treatment option for the management of advanced CaP. However, the lack of suitable tumor antigens remains a major obstacle for the rational design of vaccines. To characterize potential CaP antigens, we determined the mRNA expression of the prostate-specific genes C1, C2, C5, PAGE-1, and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in hormone-refractory CaP, benign prostatic hyperplasia, CaP cell lines, and CaP specimens. Among these gene products, only expression of PSCA appears to be retained in the majority of advanced CaP samples, as shown by reverse transcription-PCR analyses. Peptide fragments of PSCA presented in the context of major histocompatibility molecules could serve as recognition targets for CD8 T cells, provided these lymphocytes were not clonally deleted or peripherally tolerized. Our goal was to determine whether the human T-cell repertoire could recognize PSCA-derived peptide epitopes in the context of a common class I allele, HLA-A0201. Of nine peptides that, according to HLA-A0201 binding motifs, were candidate ligands of A0201 class I molecules, three peptides were able to stabilize HLA-A0201 molecules on the cell surface. One of the latter peptides, encompassing amino acid residues 14-22, was capable of generating a PSCA-specific T-cell response in a human lymphocyte culture from a patient with metastatic CaP. PSCA-specific CTLs recognized peptide-pulsed targets as well as three prostate carcinoma lines in cytotoxicity assays, indicating that this peptide could be endogenously processed. In conclusion, our findings establish PSCA as a potential target for antigen-specific, T cell-based immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma.
Automatic memory layout transformations to optimize spatial locality in parameterized loop nests (2000)

One of the most efficient ways to improve program performances onto nowadays computers is to optimize the way cache memories are used. In particular, many scientific applications contain loop nests that operate on large multi-dimensional arrays whose sizes are often parameterized. No special attention is paid to cache memory performance when such loops are written. In this work, we focus on spatial locality optimization such that all the data that are loaded as a block in the cache will be used successively by the program. Our method consists in providing a new array reference evaluation function to the compiler, such that the data layout corresponds exactly to the utilization order of these data. The computation of this function concerns the field of parameterized polyhedra and Ehrhart polynomials.
A Genetic Map of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) With Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Isozyme, Disease Resistance and Morphological Markers (1987)

A detailed linkage map of lettuce was constructed using 53 genetic markers including 41 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci, five downy mildew resistance genes, four isozyme loci and three morphological markers. The genetic markers were distributed into nine linkage groups and cover 404 cM which may be 25-30% of the lettuce genome. The majority (31 of 34) of the RFLP probes detected single segregating loci, although seven of these may have been homologous to further monomorphic loci. When several loci were detected by a single probe, the loci were generally linked, suggesting tandem duplications. One probe, however, detected loci in three linkage groups suggesting translocations. The five downy mildew resistance genes (Dm1, Dm3, Dm4, Dm5/8 and Dm13), segregating in the Calmar x Kordaat cross, represented each of the four resistance gene linkage groups. Dm5/8 is flanked by two cDNA loci, each located 10 cM away. These flanking markers will be used to study the source of variation in downy mildew genes and are also part our strategy to clone resistance genes.
Unambiguous specification of stereoisomerism about a double bond (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnambiguous specification of stereoisomerism about a double bondJames E. Blackwood, Casimir L. Gladys, Kurt L. Loening, Anthony E. Petrarca, and James E. RushCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 2, 509–510Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01004a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01004a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SGK3 Is an Estrogen-Inducible Kinase Promoting Estrogen-Mediated Survival of Breast Cancer Cells (2010)

Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3) is a protein kinase of the AGC family of protein kinase A, protein kinase G, and protein kinase C and functions downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Recent study revealed that SGK3 plays a pivotal role in Akt/protein kinase B independent signaling downstream of oncogenic PI3KCA mutations in breast cancer. Here we report that SGK3 is an estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional target and promotes estrogen-mediated cell survival of ER-positive breast cancer cells. Through a meta-analysis on 22 microarray studies of breast cancer in the Oncomine database, we found that the expression of SGK3 is significantly higher (5.7-fold, P < 0.001) in ER-positive tumors than in ER-negative tumors. In ER-positive breast cancer cells, SGK3 expression was found to be induced by 17β-estradiol (E(2)) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the induction of SGK3 mRNA by E(2) is independent of newly synthesized proteins. We identified two ERα-binding regions at the sgk3 locus through chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel DNA sequencing. Promoter analysis revealed that ERα stimulates the activity of sgk3 promoters by interaction with these two ERα-binding regions on E(2) treatment. Loss-of-function analysis indicated that SGK3 is required for E(2)-mediated cell survival of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, overexpression of SGK3 could partially protect MCF-7 cells against apoptosis caused by antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Together, our study defines the molecular mechanism of regulation of SGK3 by estrogen/ER and provides a new link between the PI3K pathway and ER signaling as well as a new estrogen-mediated cell survival mechanism mediated by SGK3 in breast cancer cells.
Kinetics of Diazonium Functionalization of Chemically Converted Graphene Nanoribbons (2010)

We demonstrate that graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced by the oxidative unzipping of carbon nanotubes can be chemically functionalized by diazonium salts. We show that functional groups form a thin layer on a GNR and modify its electrical properties. The kinetics of the functionalization can be monitored by probing the electrical properties of GNRs, either in vacuum after the grafting, or in situ in the solution. We derive a simple kinetics model that describes the change in the electrical properties of GNRs. The reaction of GNRs with 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate is reasonably fast, such that >60% of the maximum change in the electrical properties is observed after less than 5 min of grafting at room temperature.
Evaluation of dietary assessment instruments against doubly labeled water, a biomarker of habitual energy intake (2001)

Epidemiological studies of diet and disease rely on the accurate determination of dietary intake and subsequent estimates of nutrient exposure. Although methodically developed and tested, the instruments most often used to collect self-reported intake data are subject to error. It had been assumed that this error was only random in nature; however, an increasing body of literature suggests that systematic error in the reporting of true dietary intake exists as well. Here, we review studies in which dietary intake by self report was determined while energy expenditure was simultaneously measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. In seeking to establish the relative accuracy of each instrument to capture true habitual energy intake, we conclude that none of the self-reported intake instruments demonstrates greater accuracy against DLW. Instead, it is evident that the physical and psychological characteristics of study participants play a significant role in the underreporting bias observed in these studies. Further research is needed to identify underreporters and to determine how to account for this bias in studies of diet and health.
A novel pair of immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed by B cells and myeloid cells (1997)

An Fcalpha receptor probe of human origin was used to identify novel members of the Ig gene superfamily in mice. Paired Ig-like receptors, named PIR-A and PIR-B, are predicted from sequence analysis of the cDNAs isolated from a mouse splenic library. Both type I transmembrane proteins possess similar ectodomains with six Ig-like loops, but have different transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. The predicted PIR-A protein has a short cytoplasmic tail and a charged Arg residue in the transmembrane region that, by analogy with the FcalphaR relative, suggests the potential for association with an additional transmembrane protein to form a signal transducing unit. In contrast, the PIR-B protein has an uncharged transmembrane region and a long cytoplasmic tail containing four potential immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. These features are shared by the related killer inhibitory receptors. PIR-A proteins appear to be highly variable, in that predicted peptide sequences differ for seven randomly selected PIR-A clones, whereas PIR-B cDNA clones are invariant. Southern blot analysis with PIR-B and PIR-A-specific probes suggests only one PIR-B gene and multiple PIR-A genes. The PIR-A and PIR-B genes are expressed in B lymphocytes and myeloid lineage cells, wherein both are expressed simultaneously. The characteristics of the highly-conserved PIR-A and PIR-B genes and their coordinate cellular expression suggest a potential regulatory role in humoral, inflammatory, and allergic responses.
Does e-cigarette consumption cause passive vaping? (2012)

The consumption of e-cigarettes marks a new source for chemical and aerosol exposure in the indoor environment. To evaluate the impact of e-cigarettes on indoor air quality and to estimate the possible effect of passive vaping, information about the chemical characteristics of the released vapor is needed.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with tetrabenazine or valbenazine: a systematic review (2017)

Up to 30% of patients taking antipsychotics may develop tardive dyskinesia (TD). Recent evidence-based recommendations demonstrate an unmet need for effective TD management. This systematic review was designed to update the evidence for TD treatment, comparing two vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, tetrabenazine and valbenazine. Of 487 PubMed/Embase search results, 11 studies met the review criteria. Valbenazine efficacy was demonstrated in rigorously designed clinical trials that meet the guidelines for AAN Class I evidence. Due to differences in study designs and a lack of standardized and controlled trials with tetrabenazine, a formal meta-analysis comparing the agents was not possible. However, valbenazine appears to have fewer side effects and a more favorable once-daily dosing regimen for the treatment of TD.
Meganucleases and Other Tools for Targeted Genome Engineering: Perspectives and Challenges for Gene Therapy (2011)

The importance of safer approaches for gene therapy has been underscored by a series of severe adverse events (SAEs) observed in patients involved in clinical trials for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Disease (SCID) and Chromic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). While a new generation of viral vectors is in the process of replacing the classical gamma-retrovirus-based approach, a number of strategies have emerged based on non-viral vectorization and/or targeted insertion aimed at achieving safer gene transfer. Currently, these methods display lower efficacies than viral transduction although many of them can yield more than 1% of engineered cells in vitro. Nuclease-based approaches, wherein an endonuclease is used to trigger site-specific genome editing, can significantly increase the percentage of targeted cells. These methods therefore provide a real alternative to classical gene transfer as well as gene editing. However, the first endonuclease to be in clinic today is not used for gene transfer, but to inactivate a gene (CCR5) required for HIV infection. Here, we review these alternative approaches, with a special emphasis on meganucleases, a family of naturally occurring rare-cutting endonucleases, and speculate on their current and future potential.