gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-26 Is Overexpressed in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Th17 Cell Generation (2012)

Interleukin-26 (IL-26), a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells. IL-26 has been also reported overexpressed in Crohn's disease, suggesting that it may be involved in the physiopathology of chronic inflammatory disorders. Here, we have analyzed the expression and role of IL-26 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint synovial inflammation. We report that the concentrations of IL-26 are higher in the serums of RA patients than of healthy subjects and dramatically elevated in RA synovial fluids compared to RA serums. Immunohistochemistry reveals that synoviolin(+) fibroblast-like synoviocytes and CD68(+) macrophage-like synoviocytes are the main IL-26-producing cells in RA joints. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA patients constitutively produce IL-26 and this production is upregulated by IL-1-beta and IL-17A. We have therefore investigated the role of IL-26 in the inflammatory process. Results show that IL-26 induces the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1-beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by human monocytes and also upregulates the expression of numerous chemokines (mainly CCL20). Interestingly, IL-26-stimulated monocytes selectively promote the generation of RORgamma t(+) Th17 cells, through IL-1-beta secretion by monocytes. More precisely, IL-26-stimulated monocytes switch non-Th17 committed (IL-23R(-) or CCR6(-) CD161(-)) CD4(+) memory T cells into Th17 cells. Finally, synovial fluids from RA patients also induce Th17 cell generation and this effect is reduced after IL-26 depletion. These findings show that IL-26 is constitutively produced by RA synoviocytes, induces proinflammatory cytokine secretion by myeloid cells, and favors Th17 cell generation. IL-26 thereby appears as a novel proinflammatory cytokine, located upstream of the proinflammatory cascade, that may constitute a promising target to treat RA and chronic inflammatory disorders.
Potential marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (2002)

The CCND1 numerical aberration is useful both as a prognostic indicator that is independent of the TNM classification, and an indicator to assist in determination of the appropriate treatment for patients with OSCCs. Analysis of the CCND1 numerical aberration using FISH on FNABs may be a useful and practical method for predicting aggressive tumors, recurrence, and clinical outcome in patients with OSCCs.
The dimer of hemoregulatory peptide (HP5B) stimulates mouse and human myelopoiesis in vitro. (1988)

A synthetic analogue of a pentapeptide associated with mature granulocytes has been described earlier and shown to suppress myelopoietic colony formation in vitro in concentrations from 10(-13) to 10(-6) M. By oxidation of the peptide, a dimer will rapidly occur by formation of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues. We here demonstrate that this dimer has the opposite effects of the monomer. For both mouse and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), a dose-dependent enhancement of colony formation was observed in the dose range 10(-16) to 10(-5) M, where a saturation level was reached above 10(-8) M. At low doses of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and in the linear stimulating phase, an up to ten times increase of colony formation was seen, whereas at higher doses the effect was less pronounced. Also at the plateau level of CSA stimulation an increased colony yield was seen. All types of colonies were stimulated. The dimer itself had no colony-stimulating factor activity and was not toxic to bone marrow cells in suspension cultures up to 24 h. Upon reduction of the dimer by use of sulfhydryl compounds, inhibitory effects on CFU-GM were restored. The peptide had no effect on the phagocytic process in human granulocytes, including attachment and internalization of bacteria or Zymosan particles. The monomerdimer equilibrium of hemoregulatory peptide may constitute a new mechanism for proliferative regulation of myelopoietic cells.
Identification of trehalose and glycine betaine as compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic sulfate reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio halophilus (1996)

Increasing NaCl concentrations in the growth medium inhibited the growth of Desulfovibrio halophilus due to both an increase in the lag phase of growth and a reduction in the specific growth rate. Addition of 1 mM glycine betaine to the growth medium partially relieved this inhibition. Natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified the disaccharide α-α trehalose and glycine betaine as the major organic solutes accumulated by D. halophilus during growth in mineral salts medium and mineral salts medium supplemented with 1 mM glycine betaine, respectively. The presence of a weak glycine betaine transport system was confirmed by following the accumulation of [methyl-14C]glycine betaine during osmotic upshock. In the absence of exogenous glycine betaine the intracellular trehalose concentration of D. halophilus was dependent upon the osmolarity of the growth medium, with a maximum concentration of 8.3 µmol trehalose mg protein−1 recorded in cultures grown in the presence of 15% w/v NaCl. Intracellular K+ concentrations were also dependent upon the osmolarity of the growth medium over the range 3–9% w/v NaCl, but showed little further increase at higher NaCl concentrations.
Selective destruction of protein function by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation. (1988)

Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation of protein function has been achieved. After a protein binds a specific ligand or antibody conjugated with malachite green (C.I. 42,000), it is selectively inactivated by laser irradiation at a wavelength of light absorbed by the dye but not significantly absorbed by cellular components. Ligand-bound proteins in solution and on the surfaces of cells can be denatured without other proteins in the same samples being affected. Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation can be used to study cell surface phenomena by inactivating the functions of single proteins on living cells, a molecular extension of cellular laser ablation. It has an advantage over genetics and the use of specific inhibitors in that the protein function of a single cell within the organism can be inactivated by focusing the laser beam.
The RANK/RANKL/OPG system in tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer stem cell: potential targets for anticancer therapy (2017)

The molecular triad involving receptor activator of nuclear factor kβ (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin cytokine system has been well implicated in several physiological and pathological processes including bone metabolism, mammary gland development, regulation of the immune function, tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer stem cell, thermoregulation, and vascular calcification. However, this review aimed to summarize several original and up-to-date articles focusing on the role of this signaling system in cancer cell development and metastasis as well as potential therapeutic agents targeting any of the three tumor necrotic factor super family proteins and/or their downstream signaling pathways. The RANK/RANKL axis has direct effects on tumor cell development. The system is well involved in the development of several primary and secondary tumors including breast cancer, prostate cancer, bone tumors, and leukemia. The signaling of this triad system has also been linked to tumor invasiveness in the advanced stage. Bone is by far the most common site of cancer metastasis. Several therapeutic agents targeting this system have been developed. Among them, a monoclonal antibody, denosumab, was clinically approved for the treatment of osteoporosis and cancer-related diseases.
Influence of Outer Surface Protein A Antibody onBorrelia burgdorferiwithin Feeding Ticks (1999)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted by Ixodes ticks. When an infected nymphal tick feeds on a host, the bacteria increase in number within the tick, after which they invade the tick's salivary glands and infect the host. Antibodies directed against outer surface protein A (OspA) of B. burgdorferi kill spirochetes within feeding ticks and block transmission to the host. In the studies presented here, passive antibody transfer experiments were carried out to determine the OspA antibody titer required to block transmission to the rodent host. OspA antibody levels were determined by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that measured antibody binding to a protective epitope defined by monoclonal antibody C3.78. The C3.78 OspA antibody titer (>213 microgram/ml) required to eradicate spirochetes from feeding ticks was considerably higher than the titer (>6 microgram/ml) required to block transmission to the host. Although spirochetes were not eradicated from ticks at lower antibody levels, the antibodies reduced the number of spirochetes within the feeding ticks and interfered with the ability of spirochetes to induce ospC and invade the salivary glands of the vector. OspA antibodies may directly interfere with the ability of B. burgdorferi to invade the salivary glands of the vector; alternately, OspA antibodies may lower the density of spirochetes within feeding ticks below a critical threshold required for initiating events linked to transmission.
Modeling Discourse Topic: Sequential Relations and Strategies in Expository Text (1996)

Introduction BRINGING THE TOPIC UP: FACETS OF TOPIC Thematics: The State of the Art Topic as a Discrete Element Topic as a Structuring Frame The Need for a Model Topic as a Sequential Structure Summary TRACING THE TOPIC: SEQUENTIAL RELATIONS AND STRATEGIES The Problem of Topic as a Sequential Structure Strategies of Sequentiality Sequential Techniques in Expository Text The Signals of Topic Structure Summary MODELING SEQUENTIAL TOPIC The Patterning of Topic Structure Framing the Analysis Topic Structure Heuristics The Hierarchy and Synergy of Signals Text Boundaries THE TOPIC MODEL IN ACTION Texts in English English and Greek Texts in Contrast THE TOPIC MODEL IN PERSPECTIVE: TOWARD A MULTIPLANE DESCRIPTION OF DISCOURSE Text Organization and Sequential Relations The Interaction of Topic Structure with Other Text Relations The Multifunctionality of Topic Signals The Contribution of Topic Structure to Text Organization and Coherence ROUNDING THE TOPIC OFF: CONCLUSIONS The Modeling of Discourse Topic Connections and Implications Sequential Relations and Beyond Appendices Bibliography Index
Dielectrophoretic manipulator (1983)

We report the development of a new technique manipulating the position of electrically neutral material using electronic signals. Dielectrophoresis, or the translational motion of neutral matter caused by polarization effects in nonuniform electric fields, is used in a geometry analogous to that of a charge-coupled device. Water droplets and steel ball bearings are stepped between a series of electrodes at velocities on the order of 1 cm/s. We find that the average velocity is roughly proportional to the drive voltage divided by the droplet or bearing radius. A variety of applications are discussed.
Multistage detection in asynchronous code-division multiple-access communications (1990)

A multiuser detection strategy for coherent demodulation in an asynchronous code-division multiple-access system is proposed and analyzed. The resulting detectors process the sufficient statistics by means of a multistage algorithm based on a scheme for annihilating successive multiple-access interference. An efficient real-time implementation of the multistage algorithm with a fixed decoding delay is obtained and shown to require a computational complexity per symbol which is linear in the number of users K. Hence, the multistage detector contrasts with the optimum demodulator, which is based on a dynamic programming algorithm, has a variable decoding delay, and has a software complexity per symbol that is exponential in K. An exact expression is obtained and used to compute the probability of error is obtained for the two-stage detector, showing that the two-stage receiver is particularly well suited for near-far situations, approaching performance of single-user communications as the interfering signals become stronger. The near-far problem is therefore alleviated. Significant performance gains over the conventional receiver are obtained even for relatively high-bandwidth-efficiency situations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biofilms and chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review of evidence, current concepts and directions for research. (2007)

Biofilms are associated with CRS, however, little research is available to define their role in the pathogenic process. There is tremendous potential for future research. Biofilms may be a significant factor in the inflammatory process.
The multiple forms of trypsin-like activity present in various strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis are due to the presence of either Arg-gingipain or Lys-gingipain (1995)

Porphyromonas gingivalis contains high concentrations of numerous cysteine proteinases with trypsin-like activity which have been implicated as important virulence factors in adult-onset periodontitis. We have analyzed the subfractions of six P. gingivalis strains for the presence of arginine-X- and lysine-X-specific proteinases (Arg-gingipain [RGP] and Lys-gingipain [KGP]) previously purified from P. gingivalis H66. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using antibodies produced against RGP and the N-terminal peptides of RGP or the catalytic subunit of KGP indicated that these enzymes are synthesized by the strains studied and exist as multiple molecular mass species. The major forms of RGP were identified as 110-, 95-, 70- to 90-, and 50-kDa proteins, the first two being a complex of the 50-kDa catalytic subunit with hemagglutinins, with or without an added membrane anchorage peptide. The other forms are single-chain enzymes. While the 95- and 50-kDa RGP were found predominantly in culture medium, the 110- and 70- to 90-kDa forms associated with membranous fractions of the bacteria. The predominant form of KGP in all strains was a complex of the 60-kDa catalytic domain with hemagglutinins, and vesicle- and membrane-associated KGP was about 15 kDa larger than the 105-kDa enzyme present in culture media. These data explain the apparent complexity of P. gingivalis proteinases and indicate that in all strains tested there are two identical enzymes, one with arginine-X specificity and the other with lysine-X specificity, which, working in concert, are responsible for the trypsin-like activity associated with this bacterium.
Review of Recent Progress of Plasmonic Materials and Nano-Structures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2015)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has demonstrated single-molecule sensitivity and is becoming intensively investigated due to its significant potential in chemical and biomedical applications. SERS sensing is highly dependent on the substrate, where excitation of the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) enhances the Raman scattering signals of proximate analyte molecules. This paper reviews research progress of SERS substrates based on both plasmonic materials and nano-photonic structures. We first discuss basic plasmonic materials, such as metallic nanoparticles and nano-rods prepared by conventional bottom-up chemical synthesis processes. Then, we review rationally-designed plasmonic nano-structures created by top-down approaches or fine-controlled synthesis with high-density hot-spots to provide large SERS enhancement factors (EFs). Finally, we discuss the research progress of hybrid SERS substrates through the integration of plasmonic nano-structures with other nano-photonic devices, such as photonic crystals, bio-enabled nanomaterials, guided-wave systems, micro-fluidics and graphene.
Negative regulation of two hyperproliferative keratinocyte differentiation markers by a retinoic acid receptor-specific retinoid: insight into the mechanism of retinoid action in psoriasis. (1996)

Retinoids down-regulate the expression of metalloproteinases, cytokines, and other genes involved in cell proliferation and inflammation. Tazarotene (AGN 190168), a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-specific retinoid, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, a hyperproliferative and inflammatory skin disease. Because negative regulation of genes appears to be important in the antiproliferative and antiinflammatory action of retinoids, we studied the down-regulation of genes in skin raft cultures by this antipsoriatic retinoid. By subtraction hybridization, we found that migration inhibitory factor-related protein (MRP-8) and skin-derived anti-leukoproteinase (SKALP) are down-regulated by AGN 190168. MRP-8 and SKALP are overexpressed in psoriatic lesions as compared to the normal epidermis, and they are markers of hyperproliferative keratinocyte differentiation. We also show that MRP-8 expression is retinoid inhibitable in cultured keratinocytes induced to differentiate with 10% serum or IFN-gamma, and that MRP-8 is inhibited by RAR but not by retinoid X receptor-specific retinoids in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, MRP-8, SKALP, and the previously characterized differentiation marker, transglutaminase I, are all down-regulated in vivo in psoriatic lesions after treatment with AGN 190168 in comparison to placebo. Taken together, these data suggest that these markers may be down-regulated by tazarotene in psoriasis through direct action on keratinocyte gene expression rather than by an overall tazarotene effect on lesional therapeutic status.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer (2011)

Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are naturally occurring substances that are well tolerated and have been used extensively for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. More recently, ω-3 PUFAs have been recognised to have anticancer activity. There is also evidence suggesting improved efficacy and/or tolerability of conventional cancer chemotherapy when administered with ω-3 PUFAs. The purpose of this review is to (i) describe the mechanisms by which ω-3 PUFAs are thought to have antineoplastic activity, (ii) review published preclinical and clinical studies that support anti-colorectal cancer activity and (iii) summarise current clinical trials investigating the potential therapeutic role(s) of ω-3 PUFAs at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, from adenoma (polyp) prevention to treatment of established malignant disease and prevention of cancer recurrence.
The case for persistent-connection HTTP (1995)

The success of the World-Wide Web is largely due to the simplicity, hence ease of implementation, of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP, however, makes inefficient use of network and server resources, and adds unnecessary latencies, by creating a new TCP connection for each request. Modifications to HTTP have been proposed that would transport multiple requests over each TCP connection. These modifications have led to debate over their actual impact on users, on servers, and on the network. This paper reports the results of log-driven simulations of several variants of the proposed modifications, which demonstrate the value of persistent connections.
3-Azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane Derivatives as Potential Analgesics (1970)

3-Azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane derivatives were prepared and tested biologically. Some of these, 3-methyl-9β-alkoxy-9α-phenyl-3-azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane (6-8) and their 3- (β-phenylethyl-) analogs (18-20) exhibited promising analgesic activities. Furthermore, 3-methyl-9-benzoyloxy-3-azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane (24 and 25) displayed a marked local anaesthetic action.
Extraction of new bioactives from Neochloris oleoabundans using pressurized technologies and food grade solvents (2013)

Trabajo presentado a la III Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids celebrada en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) del 1 al 5 de abril de 2013.
A high efficiency PFM half-bridge converter utilizing a half-bridge LLC converter under light load conditions (2013)

Till now, the various types of the half-bridge (HB) converters with output inductor have been developed, and they exhibit a good performance in medium power applications such as the server power supplies and personal computer (PC) power supplies requiring the hold-up time conditions and high output current. However, they have common problems such as high snubber loss and switch turn-off losses caused by the output inductor, which degrades light load efficiency. To relieve these limitations of the conventional HB converters, a new HB converter, which employs one additional switch and capacitor in the secondary side, is proposed for a high efficiency at light load conditions in this paper. Since the proposed converter operates like the HB LLC converter by turning on additional switch at light load conditions, the snubber loss and switch turn-off losses can be minimized. Therefore, the proposed converter can achieve a high efficiency at light load conditions. To confirm the operation, validity, and features of the proposed converter, a 330-400V input and 12V/400W output laboratory prototype is built and tested.
Single Sheet Functionalized Graphene by Oxidation and Thermal Expansion of Graphite (2007)

A detailed analysis of the thermal expansion mechanism of graphite oxide to produce functionalized graphene sheets is provided. Exfoliation takes place when the decomposition rate of the epoxy and hydroxyl sites of graphite oxide exceeds the diffusion rate of the evolved gases, thus yielding pressures that exceed the van der Waals forces holding the graphene sheets together. A comparison of the Arrhenius dependence of the reaction rate against the calculated diffusion coefficient based on Knudsen diffusion suggests a critical temperature of 550 °C which must be exceeded for exfoliation to occur. As a result of their wrinkled nature, the functionalized and defective graphene sheets do not collapse back to graphite oxide but are highly agglomerated. After dispersion by ultrasonication in appropriate solvents, statistical analysis by atomic force microscopy shows that 80% of the observed flakes are single sheets.
Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man (2008)

Inhalation of diesel exhaust increases ex vivo thrombus formation and causes in vivo platelet activation in man. These findings provide a potential mechanism linking exposure to combustion-derived air pollution with the triggering of acute MI.
The designed world (1994)

Suppose we are asked which of these three is the odd one out, a waterfall, a buttercup and a steam locomotive. One answer would be, the locomotive, because it alone is man-made, another would be, the buttercup, because it alone is alive. But the third possible answer would also be justifiable: the buttercup and the locomotive show evidence of design, but the waterfall does not – its shape simply happens, it has no symmetry, it is not contrived to have any function or to serve any end. The locomotive and the buttercup show symmetry and regularity – several wheels or petals all the same shape, a long regular frame with wheels attached below in pairs, or a long regular stem with leaves arising from it. All the parts of both are adapted to particular purposes, purposes which serve greater ends – in the buttercup, to survive, to grow and propagate its kind, in the locomotive, to haul goods and passengers.