gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review: Pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies (2009)

Immune-mediated neuropathies represent a heterogeneous spectrum of peripheral nerve disorders that can be classified according to time course, predominant involvement of motor/sensory fibers, distribution of deficits and paraclinical parameters such as electrophysiology and serum antibodies. In the last few years, significant advances have been achieved in elucidating underlying pathomechanisms, which made it possible to identify potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the latest development in pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies.
Excitation of Rayleigh and zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves using air-borne N-waves focused by an ellipsoidal reflector (2013)

Air-coupled ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of elastic solids is a challenge due to the large impedance contrast between air and most materials used in industrial and structural applications. However, because air-coupled sensing offers many advantages such as rapid scanning of large areas and the elimination of part immersion for inspection, there remains strong incentive to find unique methods for air-coupled excitation of wave motion in elastic solids. This work presents experimental results of an in-air acoustic source that has been shown to excite wave motion in high impedance elastic solids. The source consists of a spark generator and an ellipsoidal reflector. The spark generator radiates a short-duration, high-amplitude acoustic signal as the result of an electrostatic discharge between two electrodes with high potential difference. Analogous to lithotripter, the spark is located at the near focus and generates an outgoing wave that is then focused at the far focus of the reflector which is co-located at the air-solid interface. Measurements of the air-borne acoustic wave in the free-field, the focused acoustic wave, and Rayleigh and zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves generated in a concrete slab will be presented and analyzed. This work was supported by NIST Technology Innovation Program (TIP).
Notch1 signaling stimulates proliferation of immature cardiomyocytes (2008)

The identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation during the embryonic, fetal, and early neonatal life appears of paramount interest in regard to exploiting this information to promote cardiac regeneration. Here, we show that the proliferative potential of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes is powerfully stimulated by the sustained activation of the Notch pathway. We found that Notch1 is expressed in proliferating ventricular immature cardiac myocytes (ICMs) both in vitro and in vivo, and that the number of Notch1-positive cells in the heart declines with age. Notch1 expression in ICMs paralleled the expression of its Jagged1 ligand on non-myocyte supporting cells. The inhibition of Notch signaling in ICMs blocked their proliferation and induced apoptosis; in contrast, its activation by Jagged1 or by the constitutive expression of its activated form using an adeno-associated virus markedly stimulated proliferative signaling and promoted ICM expansion. Maintenance or reactivation of Notch signaling in cardiac myocytes might represent an interesting target for innovative regenerative therapy.
Development of Special Olympics in China: Competition, Inclusion, Research, and Future (2011)

The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the development of the Special Olympics programs in China, and provide a historical document to outline and understand the past, current, and future of development of the Special Olympics China. Three major data sources were used for this study: governmental policy, official statistics, and publications related with China Special Olympics or events. Results indicated that although Special Olympics China showed the fastest growth in its number of athletes in the world, Special Olympics programs are accessible to elite athletes only. There is a lack of empirical studies and community programs for full participation for every individual with intellectual disabilities.
Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis: central roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis (1996)

Although it has been known for over 50 years that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in chylomicrons, during the past half decade there has been a reinterest in the physiologic and pathophysiologic actions of this enzyme. In part, this has coincided with clinical studies implicating increased postprandial lipemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. In addition, the recent creation of genetically altered mice with hypertriglyceridemia has focused the interest of geneticists and physiologists on the pathophysiology of triglyceride metabolism. As reviewed in this article, it is apparent that the lipolysis reaction is only partially understood. Several factors other than LPL are critical modulators of this process, in part, because the reaction requires the lipoproteins to interact with the arterial or capillary wall. Among the factors that affect this are the apolipoprotein composition of the particles, the size of the lipoproteins, and how LPL is displayed along the endothelial luminal surface. Zilversmit's observation that LPL activity is found in greater amounts in atherosclerotic than normal arteries has led to a large number of experiments linking LPL with atherogenesis. In medium and large arteries LPL is found on the luminal endothelial surface and in macrophage-rich areas within the plaque. LPL actions in both of these locations probably have major effects on the biology of the blood vessel. Possible atherogenic actions for this LPL based on in vitro experiments are reviewed.
Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes tumour cell migration and invasion via the S1P/EDG1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

The results from this study provide strong evidence of a role for the SphK1/S1P/EDG1 pathway in liver metastasis, thus making it an attractive therapeutic target for the development of new anti-HCC drugs.
Metabolomics as a Tool for Discovery of Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Blood Plasma of Children (2014)

This analysis of blood plasma metabolites resulted in the discovery of biomarkers that may be valuable in the diagnosis of young children with ASD. The results will form the basis for additional discovery and validation research for 1) determining biomarkers to develop diagnostic tests to detect ASD earlier and improve patient outcomes, 2) gaining new insight into the biochemical mechanisms of various subtypes of ASD 3) identifying biomolecular targets for new modes of therapy, and 4) providing the basis for individualized treatment recommendations.
Application of the self-organising map to trajectory classification (2002)

This paper presents an approach to the problem of automatically classifying events detected by video surveillance systems; specifically, of detecting unusual or suspicious movements. Approaches to this problem typically involve building complex 3D-models in real-world coordinates to provide trajectory information for the classifier. We show that analysis of trajectories may be carried out in a model-free fashion, using self-organising feature map neutral networks to learn the characteristics of normal trajectories, and to detect novel ones. Trajectories are represented in 2D image coordinates. First and second order motion information is also generated, with moving-average smoothing. This allows novelty detection to be applied on a point-by-point basis in real time, and permits both instantaneous motion and whole trajectory motion to be subjected to novelty detection.
Covalently bound substrate at the regulatory site triggers allosteric enzyme activation (2008)

Abstract The mechanism by which the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase from yeast is activated allosterically has been elucidated. A total of seven three-dimensional structures of the enzyme, of enzyme variants or of enzyme complexes form two yeast species (three of them reported here for the first time) provide detailed atomic resolution snapshots along the activation coordinate. The prime event is the covalent binding of the substrate pyruvate to the side chain of cysteine 221, thus forming a thiohemiketal. This reaction causes the shift of a neighbouring amino acid, which eventually leads to the rigidification of two otherwise flexible loops, where one of the loops provides two histidine residues necessary to complete the enzymatically competent active site architecture. The structural data are complemented and supported by kinetic investigations and binding studies and provide a consistent picture of the structural changes, which occur upon enzyme activation.
An investigation of electrowetting-based microactuation (1990)

Electrical control of the interfacial tension between a liquid and solid (‘‘electrowetting’’) has been studied as a means of actuation in the microdomain (characteristic dimensions 1 μm–1 mm). Electrowetting provides a means of direct fluid pumping with no moving mechanical parts, which may prove useful in a number of application areas, most notably the liquid cooling of high-density microelectronic devices. A detailed model of a test device for the study of electrowetting is presented. The model describes liquid flow in a small channel, as governed as the Navier–Stokes equations, Young’s equation, and Lippmann’s equation (for the effect of an applied potential on interfacial tension). Simulation results are presented. Preliminary results indicate that electrowetting is a viable approach to microactuation: in a 10 μm radius channel, it may be used to generate pressures on the order of 0.01 MPa, comparable to pressures generated by existing micropump designs, which are orders of magnitude larger in size.
An automated approach to prepare tissue-derived spatially barcoded RNA-sequencing libraries (2016)

Sequencing the nucleic acid content of individual cells or specific biological samples is becoming increasingly common. This drives the need for robust, scalable and automated library preparation protocols. Furthermore, an increased understanding of tissue heterogeneity has lead to the development of several unique sequencing protocols that aim to retain or infer spatial context. In this study, a protocol for retaining spatial information of transcripts has been adapted to run on a robotic workstation. The method spatial transcriptomics is evaluated in terms of robustness and variability through the preparation of reference RNA, as well as through preparation and sequencing of six replicate sections of a gingival tissue biopsy from a patient with periodontitis. The results are reduced technical variability between replicates and a higher throughput, processing four times more samples with less than a third of the hands on time, compared to the standard protocol.
Upregulation of Twist in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with neoplastic transformation and distant metastasis (2006)

Our results suggest that upregulation of Twist plays a role in the neoplastic transformation to oesophageal SCC and subsequent development of distant metastasis. Twist may serve as a useful prognostic marker for predicting the development of distant metastasis in oesophageal SCC.
The thermal, magnetic, and structural characterization of the crystallization kinetics of amorphous soft magnetic materials (2003)

Summary form only given. The characterization of the crystallization kinetics of amorphous soft magnetic materials, namely NANOPERM/spl trade/, an Fe/sub 88/Zr/sub 7/B/sub 4/Cu/sub 1/ amorphous soft magnetic alloy, and its derivatives, is presented. Crystallization kinetics are observed isothermally and non-isothermally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Vibrating sample magnetometry and x-ray diffractometry, used concurrently with differential scanning calorimetry in observing crystallization kinetics, is a novel concept that takes advantage of the magnetic property that the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase of the NANOPERM/spl trade/ alloy is below its primary crystallization temperature. This property allows for crystallization kinetics, i.e. the volume of nanocrystals transformed in the process, to be inferred magnetically, as well as thermally and structurally. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model for isothermal crystallization kinetics is compared with the Kissinger model for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics using data gathered from the three characterization methods. Linear regression and non-linear regression analysis of the mechanisms of crystallization in NANOPERM/spl trade/ ribbon and the significance of the values that describe them, namely the activation energy, Q, and the morphology index, n, are investigated for isothermal and constant-heating crystallization. The activation energy for NANOPERM/spl trade/ ribbon is presented here to be in the range of Q=2.8-3.4 eV, with the crystallization kinetics proceeding by three-dimensional diffusion and immediate nucleation, where the morphology index is n=1.5. Extension of the isothermal model for crystallization kinetics to non-isothermal cases is also presented.
The α-amylase of the caldoactive bacterium Bacillus caldovelox (1990)

Conference Article| April 01 1990 The α-amylase of the caldoactive bacterium Bacillus caldovelox FRANCIS J. BEALIN-KELLY; FRANCIS J. BEALIN-KELLY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CATHERINE T. KELLY; CATHERINE T. KELLY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM M. FOGARTY WILLIAM M. FOGARTY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (2): 310–311. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180310 Article history Received: September 06 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation FRANCIS J. BEALIN-KELLY, CATHERINE T. KELLY, WILLIAM M. FOGARTY; The α-amylase of the caldoactive bacterium Bacillus caldovelox. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1990; 18 (2): 310–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180310 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: G1, glucose, G2, maltose, G3, maltotriose, G4, maltotetraose, G5, maltopentaose, G6, maltohexaose This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
RNAi Using a Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticle System: In Vitro and In Vivo Applications (2009)

Delivery is a key issue in development of clinically relevant RNAi therapeutics. Polymeric nanoparticles formed by self-assembly of polycations with siRNA can be used for extracellular delivery, cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as a strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of siRNA. This chapter describes a chitosan-based nanoparticle system for in vitro and in vivo transfection of siRNA into cells. The method exploits the mucoadhesive and mucopermeable properties of this cationic polysaccharide to deliver siRNA across mucosal epithelium and provides a platform for targeting human diseases with RNAi therapeutics.
Combined administration of 5‐HT2 and thromboxane A2 antagonists: effects on platelet aggregation and isolated cardiac muscle (1997)

1. To investigate possible mechanisms underlying the ability of combined administration of a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) antagonist and a thromboxane A2 antagonist to reduce reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, the effects of these drugs alone and in combination on platelet aggregation and on cardiac muscle were determined. 2. Platelet aggregation was measured in whole blood obtained from anaesthetized rats. Concentrations of 5-HT (10 microM) and the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 (1 microM) which did not cause aggregation themselves, enhanced the responses to ADP (0.1 microM) and to collagen (1 microgram ml-1). For example, the response of 1.0 +/- 0.5 omega to ADP alone was increased significantly to 6.4 +/- 1.0 omega by 5-HT, 15.5 +/- 2.8 omega by U46619, and 17.3 +/- 1.3 omega when U46619, 5-HT and ADP were added together. 3. In further experiments blood was obtained from rats which had received either the 5-HT2 antagonist, ICI 170,809 (1 mg kg-1), or the thromboxane A2 antagonist. ICI 192,605 (1 mg kg-1 min-1), or both in combination. When ADP was used as the primary aggregating agent, the ability of U46619 alone, or together with 5-HT, to enhance responses was reduced significantly by ICI 192,605 alone and in combination with ICI 170,809. Similar results were obtained with lower doses of ICI 170,809 (0.3 mg kg-1) and ICI 192,605 (0.3 mg kg-1 min-1). 4. When collagen was used as the primary aggregating agent ICI 170,809 (1 mg kg-1) reduced the response to 5-HT (5.0 +/- 0.8 omega versus 10.9 +/- 1.2 omega in controls), and ICI 192,605 (1 mg kg-1 min-1) reduced the response to U46619 (6.8 +/- 2.5 omega versus 11.2 +/- 2.2 omega in control). The greatest reduction of platelet aggregation was seen in blood from rats which had received both antagonists, with the response to U46619 plus 5-HT plus collagen being 2.7 +/- 0.6 omega compared to 14.2 +/- 1.7 omega in controls. In contrast, there was no significant attenuation of platelet aggregation in blood from rats which had received the lower doses of each antagonist alone. Only the combination of ICI 170,809 (0.3 mg kg-1) and ICI 192,605 (0.3 mg kg-1 min-1) reduced the response to U46619 plus 5-HT plus collagen (7.6 +/- 1.4 omega versus 15.0 +/- 0.5 omega in controls). 5. In rat isolated ventricular muscle preparations, ICI 170,809 increased the effective refractory period; e.g. from 39 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 18 ms, 10 min after adding 30 microM to left papillary muscles. ICI 192,605 did not increase the effective refractory period itself and did not alter the ability of ICI 170,809 to prolong the effective refractory period. In the presence of 100 microM ICI 192,605, ICI 170,809 (30 microM) increased the effective refractory period from 38 +/- 7 to 100 +/- 30 ms. 6. These results indicate that the previously observed antiarrhythmic activity of combined administration of the higher doses of ICI 170,809 and ICI 192,605 is unlikely to be due to direct effects on cardiac muscle but could be a consequence of reduced platelet aggregation.
Tn10-derived transposons active in Bacillus subtilis (1990)

Small derivatives of the Escherichia coli transposon Tn10, comprising IS10 ends and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, were introduced in Bacillus subtilis on a thermosensitive plasmid, pE194. In the presence of the Tn10 transposase gene fused to signals functional in B. subtilis, these derivatives transposed with a frequency of 10(-6) per element per generation. They had no highly preferred insertion site or region, as judged by restriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA, and generated auxotrophic and sporulation-deficient mutants with a frequency of about 1%. These results suggest that Tn10 derivatives might be a useful genetic tool in B. subtilis and possibly other gram-positive microorganisms.
Correlation of serum VEGF levels with clinical stage, therapy efficacy, tumor metastasis and patient survival in ovarian cancer. (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play an important role in tumor growth and progression. However, the clinical implications of VEGF expression in ovarian tumors are not fully understood. We therefore investigated the serum level of VEGF in patients with ovarian tumors and explored the potential use of VEGF as a tumor marker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human ovarian cancer. The serum VEGF (sVEGF) levels in 120 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 25 patients with benign ovarian tumor and 90 healthy female blood donors were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in this study. We also determined the levels of sVEGF in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before and after surgery. Our results showed that: (i) ovarian cancer patients had significantly higher levels of sVEGF compared to those of patients with benign ovarian tumor or those of healthy individuals. As a cut-off at 100 pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of sVEGF levels for diagnosing ovarian carcinoma were 77.1% and 87%, respectively. (ii) sVEGF levels were markedly elevated in patients with advanced stage or poorly-differentiated ovarian cancer, as well as in those with more ascites (>500 ml), as compared to patients with early stage and well-differentiated ovarian cancer, or those with less ascites (<500 ml). However, there was no significant difference in sVEGF levels among different pathological subtypes of ovarian carcinoma. (iii) The post-operative sVEGF levels were significantly lower than the pre-operative sVEGF levels. (iv) We measured significantly higher levels of sVEGF in patients with metastasis as compared to patients lacking metastasis. Lastly (v) the average survival-time in patients with higher levels of sVEGF (>100 pg/ml) was 28 months, while the average survival-time in patients with lower levels of sVEGF (<100 pg/ml) was 35 months, indicating that the elevations in sVEGF level are correlated with patient survival and tumor metastasis in ovarian carcinoma. These data suggest that VEGF may be a useful serological biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer, for follow-up of ovarian tumor metastasis and for monitoring the efficacy of therapy in patients with ovarian carcinomas.
A Joint Model of Text and Aspect Ratings for Sentiment Summarization (2008)

Online reviews are often accompanied with numerical ratings provided by users for a set of service or product aspects. We propose a statistical model which is able to discover corresponding topics in text and extract textual evidence from reviews supporting each of these aspect ratings – a fundamental problem in aspect-based sentiment summarization (Hu and Liu, 2004a). Our model achieves high accuracy, without any explicitly labeled data except the user provided opinion ratings. The proposed approach is general and can be used for segmentation in other applications where sequential data is accompanied with correlated signals.
The representation and recognition of human movement using temporal templates (2002)

A new view-based approach to the representation and recognition of action is presented. The basis of the representation is a temporal template-a static vector-image where the vector value at each point is a function of the motion properties at the corresponding spatial location in an image sequence. Using 18 aerobics exercises as a test domain, we explore the representational power of a simple, two component version of the templates: the first value is a binary value indicating the presence of motion, and the second value is a function of the recency of motion in a sequence. We then develop a recognition method which matches these temporal templates against stored instances of views of known actions. The method automatically performs temporal segmentation, is invariant to linear changes in speed, and runs in real-time on a standard platform. We recently incorporated this technique into the KIDSROOM: an interactive, narrative play-space for children.