gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 video transcoding (2003)

An efficient MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 video transcoder is presented in this paper. We consider the transcoding from high quality and bit rate MPEG-2 video with larger image size (e.g. 4CIF/4SIF, CIF) to lower quality and bit rate MPEG-4 video with smaller image size (e.g. CIF, QCIF). First, the transcoder needs to down-sample the input MPEG-2 video. Since the motion vectors carried by the MPEG-2 stream will be reused in the transcoding process, they are sub-sampled besides the frame pixels, and the coding mode for each down-sampled macroblock is examined. A new rate control method is proposed to convert the high bit rate MPEG-2 video to the low bit rate MPEG-4 counterpart. The proposed rate control scheme adjusts the frame rate and the frame quantization step size simultaneously according to the channel bandwidth to achieve a good temporal-spatial quality tradeoff. Due to the reuse of motion vectors, key frames (i.e. I and P frames) cannot be skipped to maintain the prediction sequential order, while some B frames containing less temporal information may be skipped in transcoding to save the bit rate. Skipped B frames can be reconstructed at the decoder to ensure the full frame rate playback. The TM7 quadratic Rate-Qtz model is adopted in the proposed rate control scheme to calculate the re-quantization step size from the given target bit. Simulations show that the proposed MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 video transcoder with rate control can out-perform the basic MPEG transcoder that adjusts the re-quantization step size at a constant frame rate. The complexity of the proposed transcoder is low so that it can be used in real-time applications.
<title>Synchronized one-to-many media streaming with adaptive playout control</title> (2002)

A new inter-client synchronization framework for one-to-many (i.e., multicast) media streaming is proposed employing a server-client coordinated adaptive playout control. The proposed adaptive player controls the playback speed of audio and video by adopting the time-scale modification of audio. Based on the overall synchronization status as well as the buffer occupancy level, the playout speed of each client is manipulated within a perceptually tolerable range. Additionally, the server implicitly helps increasing the time available for retransmission while the clients perform an interactive error recovery mechanism with the assistance of playout control. By coordinating the playout speed of each client, the inter-client synchronization with respect to the target presentation time is smoothly achieved. RTCP-compatible signalling between the server and group-clients is performed, where the exchange of controlling message is restricted. The network-simulator based simulations show that the proposed framework can reduce the playout discontinuity without degrading the media quality, and thus mitigate the client heterogeneity.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Linkage Map of Arabidopsis thaliana. (1989)

We have constructed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map of the nuclear genome of the small flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The map is based on the meiotic segregation of both RFLP and morphological genetic markers from five independent crosses. The morphological markers on each of the five chromosomes were included in the crosses to allow alignment of the RFLP map with the established genetic map. The map contains 94 new randomly distributed molecular markers (nine identified cloned Arabidopsis genes and 85 genomic cosmid clones) that detect polymorphisms between the Landsberg erecta and Columbia races. In addition, 17 markers from an independently constructed RFLP map of the Arabidopsis genome [Chang, C., Bowman, J.L., DeJohn, A.W., Lander, E.S., and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1988). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6856-6860] have been included to permit integration of the two RFLP maps.
Inter- and Intra-Vehicle Communications (2007)

The PC revolution, the advent of PDAs, and growth in the use of wireless LANs have changed the way we live our lives. Next on the horizon is the application of new technologies that will change the way we drive our cars. De rigeur for many drivers, electronic passes and GPS systems represent the tip of the iceberg in terms of emerging applications
El XVIII Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro: muestrario de las múltiples caras del teatro español (2004)

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a persistent problem in cattle herds in Great Britain and Ireland. Farm management and cattle husbandry practices can influence the risk of transmission of bTB and hence the likelihood of bTB breakdown (>or=1 reactor to the tuberculin skin test). Biological differences are expected in the transmission dynamics, and hence risk factors for bTB breakdown, on farms where infection persists in the herd compared to farms where infection is more sporadic or short-lived. Comparative case-control studies were performed to test farm management practices as potential risk factors for transient (under breakdown restrictions for <or=6 months) and persistent (under breakdown restrictions for >6 months) bTB breakdown over 5 years (1995-1999) on 179 and 171 UK cattle farms, respectively. Farms were characterised for badger sett density and farm habitat composition by ground survey, farmers were questioned retrospectively on management practices, and cases and controls were identified from national tuberculin test records. Controlling for routine tuberculin testing interval, log-transformed herd size, regional location, badger sett density and farm habitat complexity, multivariable logistic regression identified increased odds of both transient and persistent breakdown on farms that bought-in cows (odds ratio (OR)>or=4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI)>or=1.1;22.8). In addition, the purchase of >50 head of cattle (OR=4.0, 95% CI=1.0;16.0) and the storage of manure for >or/=6 months (OR=4.4; 95% CI=1.3;15.4) were risk factors for transient breakdown, whereas the use of silage clamps (OR=9.1; 95% CI=2.0;40.8) increased the risk of persistent breakdown. Decreased odds of both transient and persistent breakdown were associated with higher stocking densities (>3cattle/ha) (OR<or=0.2; 95% CI<or=0.1;0.9), and running mixed herd enterprises compared to only beef or dairy (OR=0.1; 95% CI=0.0;0.7) was an additional protective factor against persistent breakdown. In these analyses, the covariates log herd size and tuberculin testing interval were significant predictors of both transient and persistent breakdown, whereas active badger sett density and regional location only affected the risk of persistent breakdown. The collective results suggest that the probability of transient breakdown is most strongly influenced by the purchase of cattle over other management variables and covariates, whereas the probability of persistent breakdown appears to be mostly affected by management factors relating to type of herd enterprise and silage storage in addition to the relative density of badgers. Implications for bTB management are discussed.
The Pharmacology of DMP696 and DMP904, Non-Peptidergic CRF1 Receptor Antagonists (2006)

CRF(1) antagonists DMP696 and DMP904 were designed as drug development candidates for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Both compounds display nanomolar affinity for human CRF(1) receptors, and exhibit >1000-fold selectivity for CRF(1) over CRF(2) receptors and over a broad panel of other proteins. DMP696 and DMP904 block CRF-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cortical homogenates and cell-lines expressing CRF(1) receptors. Both compounds inhibit CRF-stimulated ACTH release from rat pituitary corticotropes. Binding and functional studies indicate that DMP696 and DMP904 behave as noncompetitive full antagonists. DMP696 and DMP904 exhibit anxiolytic-like efficacy in several rat anxiety models. In the defensive withdrawal test, both compounds reduce exit latency with lowest effective doses of 3 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. The anxiolytic-like effect is maintained over 14 days of repeated dosing. In the context of a novel environment used in this test, DMP696 and DMP904 reverse mild stress-induced increases in plasma CORT secretion but at doses 3-4-fold greater than those required for anxiolyticlike efficacy. DMP696 and DMP904 are ineffective in three depression models including the learned helplessness paradigm at doses up to 30 mg/kg. At lowest anxiolytic-like doses, DMP696 and DMP904 occupy >50% CRF(1) receptors in the brain. The in vivo IC(50) values (plasma concentrations required for occupying 50% CRF(1) receptors) estimated based upon free, but not total, plasma concentrations are an excellent correlation with the in vitro IC(50) values. Neither compound produces sedation, ataxia, chlordiazepoxide-like subjective effects or adverse effects on cognition at doses 10-fold higher than anxiolytic-like doses. Neither compound produces physiologically significant changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal or renal functions at anxiolytic-like doses. DMP696 and DMP904 have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles with good oral bioavailabilities. The overall pharmacological properties suggest that both compounds may be effective anxiolytics with low behavioral side effect liabilities.
Carbapenem-Resistant Strain of Klebsiellaoxytoca Harboring Carbapenem-Hydrolyzingβ-LactamaseKPC-2 (2003)

We investigated a Klebsiella oxytoca isolate demonstrating resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The MICs of both imipenem and meropenem were 32 microg/ml. The beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated five beta-lactamases with pIs of 8.2 (SHV-46), 6.7 (KPC-2), 6.5 (unknown), 6.4 (probable OXY-2), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of the bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCR assays and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta-lactamase with a pI of 6.7, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), was encoded on an approximately 70-kb conjugative plasmid that also carried SHV-46, TEM-1, and the beta-lactamase with a pI of 6.5. The bla(KPC-2) determinant was cloned in E. coli and conferred resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of KPC-2 showed a single amino acid difference, S174G, when compared with KPC-1, another carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from K. pneumoniae 1534. Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-2 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. KPC-2 had the highest affinity for meropenem. The kinetic studies revealed that KPC-2 was inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam. An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K. oxytoca strain demonstrated that it expressed detectable levels of OmpK36 (the homolog of OmpC) and a higher-molecular-weight OmpK35 (the homolog of OmpF). Thus, carbapenem resistance in K. oxytoca 3127 is due to production of the Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2. This beta-lactamase is likely located on a transposon that is part of a conjugative plasmid and thus has a very high potential for dissemination.
Microdetermination of Phosphorus (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrodetermination of PhosphorusP. S. Chen, T. Y. Toribara, and Huber. WarnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 11, 1756–1758Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60119a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6581Altmetric-Citations5821LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The quantitative proteome of a human cell line (2011)

The generation of mathematical models of biological processes, the simulation of these processes under different conditions, and the comparison and integration of multiple data sets are explicit goals of systems biology that require the knowledge of the absolute quantity of the system's components. To date, systematic estimates of cellular protein concentrations have been exceptionally scarce. Here, we provide a quantitative description of the proteome of a commonly used human cell line in two functional states, interphase and mitosis. We show that these human cultured cells express at least -10 000 proteins and that the quantified proteins span a concentration range of seven orders of magnitude up to 20 000 000 copies per cell. We discuss how protein abundance is linked to function and evolution.
Mechano-Active Scaffold Design Based on Microporous Poly(L-lactide-co- ε -caprolactone) for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Dependence of Porosity on Compression Force-Applied Mechanical Behaviors (2006)

An essential component of functional articular cartilage tissue engineering is a mechano-active scaffold, which responds to applied compression stress and causes little permanent deformation. As the first paper of a series on mechano-active scaffold-based cartilage tissue engineering, this study focused on mechanical responses to various modes of loading of compression forces and subsequent selection of mechano-active scaffolds from the biomechanical viewpoint. Scaffolds made of elastomeric microporous poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL) with open-cell structured pores (300 approximately 500 microm) and with different porosities ranging from 71 to 86% were used. The PLCL sponges and rabbit articular cartilage tissue were subjected to compression/unloading tests (0.1 and 0.005 Hz) at 5 kPa, and stress relaxation tests at 10, 30, and 50% strain. The measurements of the maximum strain under loading and residual strain under unloading for compression tests and the maximum stress and equilibrium stress in the stress relaxation test showed that the lower the porosity, the closer the mechanical properties are to those of native cartilage tissue. Among the PLCL sponges, the sponge with 71% porosity appears to be a suitable cartilage scaffold.
Fabrication of Gold Sulfide Nanoparticles Using the Protein Cage of Apoferritin (2006)

Abstract Au2S nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the cavity of the cage-shaped protein, apoferritin. Apoferritin has a cavity, 7 nm in diameter, and the diameter of fabricated Au2S NPs is about the same size with the cavity and size dispersion was small. Although Au2S is generally insoluble in water, our prepared Au2S NPs can be dissolved over 100 mg/mL in water due to the water-soluble protein shell. This solubility will make it possible to place and construct nanostructures made of Au2S NPs.
Serial Changes Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Intervertebral Disc After Chemonucleolysis (1992)

Changes in the intervertebral disc after chemonucleolysis in 26 patients were observed by magnetic resonance imaging for 1 year, and from the results a mechanism for chemonucleolysis was considered. A reduction in size of the herniation was not recognized 2 weeks after treatment, when chymopapain had caused necrosis of the disc, but began after 4 weeks, when regeneration of the disc had occurred. The herniation was further reduced after 3 months, and the disc had become fibrocartilaginous in a cicatricial process. Marked decrease in disc signal was observed after 2 weeks, and never recovered. From these facts, it is considered that chymopapain might never cause primary diminution of disc herniation, and any reduction of herniation that occurs is due to the effects of a secondary cicatricial contraction.
Class AB CMOS amplifiers with high efficiency (1990)

A new class AB CMOS operational-amplifier principle is presented. A transconductance amplifier based on this principle exhibits small-signal characteristics comparable to those of a conventional OTA. It has, however, a superior current efficiency and its settling time is not slew-rate limited. The new class AB principle can also be used in an output stage with a well-defined quiescent current, a rail-to-rail output swing, and a good driving capability. A two-stage amplifier with both the input and output stages based on the new principle has been realized. It features a rail-to-rail input and output common-mode range, a gain-bandwidth of 370-kHz, a settling time of less than 5 mu s independent of the applied step, and a power consumption of 247 mu W. It drives a resistive load of 3 k Omega in parallel with a capacitive load of 400 pF when operated on a 2.5-V/-2.5-V power supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Aberrant epigenetic modifications in the CTCF binding domain of the IGF2/H19 gene in prostate cancer compared with benign prostate hyperplasia (2009)

Expression of the imprinted genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 depends on the methylation pattern of their common imprinting control region (ICR) located on chromosome 11p15. As the somatic imprinting pattern may be lost during tumorigenesis due to epigenetic alterations, in the present study, we analyzed the DNA methylation and histone modifications in the differentially methylated region (DMR) of IGF2/H19 in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa). Sodium bisulfite sequencing was performed on frozen tissue collected after radical prostatectomy. Thirty tumors and 17 non-cancerous tissue samples were analyzed. Histological diagnosis was, in addition, confirmed by amplification of the epithelial tumor marker alpha-methylacyl coenzyme-A racemase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) was carried out on sonificated chromatin from fresh tissue samples from 10 PCa, 10 BPH using antibodies against trimethyl histone H3K9, dimethyl histone H3K9, trimethyl H3K27 and acetyl H3K9. The methylation pattern of 17 CpGs within 227 bp of the H19 fragment was characterized from each DNA sample. All (BPH) samples demonstrated >80% methylation of CpGs. In contrast, we found 41% of CpGs methylated in 9 out of 30 PCa specimens. We observed statistically significant differences in the methylation state between PCa and BPH groups, especially in the DMR of H19 (p<0.0001) and in the ICR (p=0.0034), which corresponds to CTCF binding domain. ChIP assay revealed that dimethyl H3K9 is associated with the ICR of IGF2/H19 in BPH, but not in PCa (p<0.0001). Our data demonstrate that DNA methylation and histone methylation analysis of the ICR within the DMR of IGF2/H19 provides important insights into early steps of carcinogenesis and, therefore, may contribute to improving diagnosis of PCa.
Array and multichannel signal processing using nonparametric statistics (2001)

In array signal processing a group of sensors located at distinct spatial locations is deployed to measure a propagating wavefield. The multichannel output is then processed to provide information about parameters of interest. Application areas include smart antennas in communications, radar, sonar and biomedicine.\n\nWhen deriving array signal processing algorithms the noise is typically modeled as a white Gaussian random process. A shortcoming of the estimation procedures derived under Gaussian assumption is that they are extremely sensitive to deviations from the assumed model, i.e. they are not robust. In real-world applications the assumption of white Gaussian noise is not always valid. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in estimation methods which work reliably in both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise.\n\nIn this thesis, new statistical procedures for array and multichannel signal processing are developed. In the area of array signal processing, the work concentrates on high-resolution subspace-based Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation and estimation of the number of source signals. Robust methods for DOA estimation and estimation of the number of source signals are derived. Spatial-smoothing based extensions of the techniques to deal with coherent signals are also derived. The methods developed are based on multivariate nonparametric statistics, in particular sign and rank covariance matrices. It is shown that these statistics may be used to obtain convergent estimates of the signal and noise subspaces for a large family of symmetric noise distributions. Simulations reveal that the techniques developed exhibit near-optimal performance when the noise distribution is Gaussian and are highly reliable if the noise is non-Gaussian.\n\nMultivariate nonparametric statistics are also applied to frequency estimation and estimation of the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. Theoretical justification for the techniques is shown and their robust performance is illustrated in simulations.
Characteristic mRNA abnormality found in half the patients with severe haemophilia A is due to large DNA inversions (1993)

Surprisingly half of all severe haemophilia A patients have no mutation in the promoter, coding sequences and normal RNA processing signals of the factor VIII gene. Instead they manifest a unique mRNA defect that prevents the amplification of the message across the boundary between exon 22 and 23. This locates the defect to internal regions of intron 22. Novel sequences 3' to exon 22 were isolated from the 9 available patients with the above abnormality by combining RACE and vectorette amplifications on trace amounts of mRNA. This showed that exons 1-22 of the factor VIII mRNA had become part of a hybrid message containing new multi exonic sequences expressed in normal cells. The novel sequences were not located in a YAC covering the whole factor VIII gene. Southern blots from patients probed by novel sequences and clones covering intron 22 showed no obvious abnormalities. This suggested inversions involving intron 22 repeated sequences. Screening of 3 YAC libraries with the novel sequences located them at least 200 kb telomeric (5') to factor VIII and pulsed field gel analysis detected abnormal bands in patients. This demonstrates that the mutations in the patients are inversions of long DNA regions possibly involving the repeated sequences and occurring at the surprising rate of approximately 4 x 10(-6) per gene per gamete per generation.
Narcolepsy and Other Central Hypersomnias (2017)

Although far less common than many other sleep disorders, central hypersomnias are among the most severe and disabling diseases in the field of sleep medicine, and their early recognition is of major importance for patients, especially children, to maximize their quality of life and functioning in activities of daily living.