gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in oncolytic viral therapy. (2006)

Viral oncolytic therapy is under intense investigation as a novel anticancer strategy. Both alone and in combination with other conventional treatment modalities, viral oncolytics exploit the natural cytotoxicity of viruses to directly kill tumor cells. Results from preclinical studies demonstrating the intricate interaction between oncolytic viruses, the targeted tumors and their hosts, has resulted in new strategies being developed to overcome the challenges of maximizing oncolytic viral efficacy while ensuring safety. Advances in genetic engineering and the understanding of tumor biology targeting every step of the inherent host-virus interaction have allowed the design of novel viruses that selectively target, preferentially replicate in, and destroy cancer cells. A number of these oncolytic viruses have the potential to become powerful anticancer agents, especially against advanced solid tumors. The theory behind their design, the accomplishments to date and the most promising areas of research for this class of novel antineoplastic therapies are summarized in this review, with a particular focus on completed or ongoing clinical trials.
A Modular Cloning System for Standardized Assembly of Multigene Constructs (2011)

The field of synthetic biology promises to revolutionize biotechnology through the design of organisms with novel phenotypes useful for medicine, agriculture and industry. However, a limiting factor is the ability of current methods to assemble complex DNA molecules encoding multiple genetic elements in various predefined arrangements. We present here a hierarchical modular cloning system that allows the creation at will and with high efficiency of any eukaryotic multigene construct, starting from libraries of defined and validated basic modules containing regulatory and coding sequences. This system is based on the ability of type IIS restriction enzymes to assemble multiple DNA fragments in a defined linear order. We constructed a 33 kb DNA molecule containing 11 transcription units made from 44 individual basic modules in only three successive cloning steps. This modular cloning (MoClo) system can be readily automated and will be extremely useful for applications such as gene stacking and metabolic engineering.
Pioglitazone — an oral antidiabetic agent and metabolic syndrome modulator. Can theory translate into practice? (2005)

The metabolic syndrome, associated with insulin resistance, is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which results in premature morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic vascular disease. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, is an insulin sensitiser with the ability to address key features of the metabolic syndrome: glucose intolerance including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, the pro-coagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and atherosclerosis. The greatest potential benefit of pioglitazone is to influence atherogenesis itself through its pleiotrophic effects on vascular risk factors. This has been tested by the PROactive study, results of which are published in September 2005.
Recent Advances in the Isolation and Analysis of Lignins and Lignin–Carbohydrate Complexes (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Isolation of lignin and LCC preparations/samples from wood and pulps Lignin and LCC analysis Conclusions Acknowledgment References
Saliency Detection for Stereoscopic Images Based on Depth Confidence Analysis and Multiple Cues Fusion (2016)

Stereoscopic perception is an important part of human visual system that allows the brain to perceive depth. However, depth information has not been well explored in existing saliency detection models. In this letter, a novel saliency detection method for stereoscopic images is proposed. First, we propose a measure to evaluate the reliability of depth map, and use it to reduce the influence of poor depth map on saliency detection. Then, the input image is represented as a graph, and the depth information is introduced into graph construction. After that, a new definition of compactness using color and depth cues is put forward to compute the compactness saliency map. In order to compensate the detection errors of compactness saliency when the salient regions have similar appearances with background, foreground saliency map is calculated based on depth-refined foreground seeds' selection (DRSS) mechanism and multiple cues contrast. Finally, these two saliency maps are integrated into a final saliency map through weighted-sum method according to their importance. Experiments on two publicly available stereo data sets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than other ten state-of-the-art approaches.
A 2-D ECG Compression Method Based on Wavelet Transform and Modified SPIHT (2005)

A two-dimensional (2-D) wavelet-based electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression method is presented which employs a modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. This modified SPIHT algorithm utilizes further the redundancy among medium- and high-frequency subbands of the wavelet coefficients and the proposed 2-D approach utilizes the fact that ECG signals generally show redundancy between adjacent beats and between adjacent samples. An ECG signal is cut and aligned to form a 2-D data array, and then 2-D wavelet transform and the modified SPIHT can be applied. Records selected from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high compression ratio with relatively low distortion and is effective for various kinds of ECG morphologies.
Developmental Ability of Zona-Free Mouse Embryos is Influenced by Cell Association at the 4-Cell Stage (1995)

Zona-free embryos at the 4-cell stage were classified into four types according to the total points of contact between the 4 blastomeres. Types A, B, C, and D had 3, 4, 5, and 6 points of contact, respectively. Embryos of these types were cultured individually in 20 microliters of Whitten's medium. Blastocysts derived from types A and D embryos at the 4-cell stage were transferred and observed on Day 17 of gestation. The number of live fetuses was significantly lower for type A than for type D embryos (p < 0.05). In spite of the removal of the zone pellucida, both types A and D blastocysts had cell numbers similar to those in zona-intact control embryos at 96 h after insemination. However, type A embryos had fewer (p < 0.05) inner cell mass (ICM) cells than did either the zona-intact control or type D embryos. Type D embryos did not have significantly fewer ICM than did the zona-intact control. Our data show that the cell association of zona-free embryos at the 4-cell stage influences differentiation of cells within the ICM and thus affects subsequent embryonic development. We suggest that one role of the zona pellucida after fertilization, in addition to protecting the preimplantation embryo, is to maintain the cell arrangement of 4-cell stage embryos to ensure subsequent successful cell lineage.
Trapped-Ion Quantum Logic Gates Based on Oscillating Magnetic Fields (2008)

Oscillating magnetic fields and field gradients can be used to implement single-qubit rotations and entangling multiqubit quantum gates for trapped-ion quantum information processing (QIP). With fields generated by currents in microfabricated surface-electrode traps, it should be possible to achieve gate speeds that are comparable to those of optically induced gates for realistic distances between the ion crystal and the electrode surface. Magnetic-field-mediated gates have the potential to significantly reduce the overhead in laser-beam control and motional-state initialization compared to current QIP experiments with trapped ions and will eliminate spontaneous scattering, a fundamental source of decoherence in laser-mediated gates.
Hypoxia-mediated stimulation of carcinoma cell invasivenessvia upregulation of urokinase receptor expression (1999)

Tumor hypoxia and high levels of expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) represent a poor clinical outcome for patients with various cancers. Here, we examined the effect of hypoxia on in vitro invasion of extracellular matrix and uPAR expression by human carcinoma cells. Compared with culture under 20% O2, culture for up to 24 hr under 1% or 4% O2 resulted in increased cell surface uPAR. However, the highest uPAR levels were observed in cells cultured under 1% O2. Culture of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells under hypoxia also resulted in increased uPAR mRNA levels. Furthermore, incubation with cobalt chloride or with an iron chelator also resulted in elevated uPAR expression, while presence of 30% carbon monoxide in the hypoxic atmosphere reduced the hypoxia-mediated uPAR mRNA upregulation. Increased uPAR expression was paralleled by higher cell-associated uPA levels and lower levels of secreted uPA as determined by gel zymography performed on cell extracts and culture-conditioned media. In addition, the in vitro invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells was significantly higher when the invasion assay was performed under hypoxic conditions. This effect of hypoxia on invasion was abrogated by including in the assay a monoclonal, function-blocking anti-u PAR antibody or by the presence of 30% carbon monoxide in the hypoxic atmosphere. Our findings indicate that hypoxia stimulates carcinoma cell invasiveness by upregulating uPAR expression on the cell surface through a mechanism that requires a putative heme protein. Through a similar mechanism, hypoxia may stimulate tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo.
Binarity in Cool Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: AGALEXSearch for Ultraviolet Excesses (2008)

The search for binarity in AGB stars is of critical importance for our understanding of how planetary nebulae acquire the dazzling variety of aspherical shapes which characterizes this class. However, detecting binary companions in such stars has been severely hampered due to their extreme luminosities and pulsations. We have carried out a small imaging survey of AGB stars in ultraviolet light (using GALEX), where these cool objects are very faint, in order to search for hotter companions. We report the discovery of significant far-ultraviolet excesses toward nine of these stars. The far-ultraviolet excess most likely results either directly from the presence of a hot binary companion or indirectly from a hot accretion disk around the companion.
Phosphorylation of the human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor by mitogen-activated protein kinase and the regulation of LIF receptor function by heterologous receptor activation. (1995)

We used a bacterially expressed fusion protein containing the entire cytoplasmic domain of the human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor to study its phosphorylation in response to LIF stimulation. The dose- and time-dependent relationships for phosphorylation of this construct in extracts of LIF-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells were superimposable with those for the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Indeed, phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the low-affinity LIF receptor alpha-subunit (LIFR) in Mono Q-fractionated, LIF-stimulated 3T3-L1 extracts occurred only in those fractions containing activated MAPK; Ser-1044 served as the major phosphorylation site in the human LIFR for MAPK both in agonist-stimulated 3T3-L1 lysates and by recombinant extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in vitro. Expression in rat H-35 hepatoma cells of LIFR or chimeric granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR)-LIFR mutants lacking Ser-1044 failed to affect cytokine-stimulated expression of a reporter gene under the control of the beta-fibrinogen gene promoter but eliminated the insulin-induced attenuation of cytokine-stimulated gene expression. Thus, our results identify the human LIFR as a substrate for MAPK and suggest a mechanism of heterologous receptor regulation of LIFR signaling occurring at Ser-1044.
Disease control priorities in developing countries: health policy responses to epidemiological change. (1991)

Health systems in developing countries are facing major challenges in the 1990s and beyond because of a growing epidemiological diversity as a consequence of rapid economic development and declining fertility. The infectious and parasitic diseases of childhood must remain a priority at the same time the chronic diseases among adults are emerging as a serious problem. Health policymakers must engage in undertaking an epidemiological and economic analysis of the major disease problems, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of alternative intervention strategies; designing health care delivery systems; and, choosing what governments can do through persuasion, taxation, regulation, and provision of services. The World Bank has commissioned studies of over two dozen diseases in developing countries which have confirmed the priority of child survival interventions and revealed that interventions for many neglected and emerging adult health problems have comparable cost-effectiveness. Most developing countries lack information about most major diseases among adults, reflecting lack of national capacities in epidemiological and economic analyses, health technology assessment, and environmental monitoring and control. There is a critical need for national and international investment in capacity building and essential national health research to build the base for health policies.
Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Data-Plane Confidentiality (2017)

This document describes a mechanism for encrypting traffic
encapsulated using the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP). The
design describes how key exchange is achieved using existing LISP
control-plane mechanisms as well as how to secure the LISP data plane
from third-party surveillance attacks.
Le Bestiaire Fantastique et Apocalyptique Dans Le Livre de L'échelle de Mahomet (1993)

Preview this article: Le Bestiaire Fantastique et Apocalyptique Dans Le Livre de L'échelle de Mahomet, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/rein.6.15wei-1.gif
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway directs neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells (2004)

Neural precursor cells (NPCs) have the ability to self-renew and to give rise to neuronal and glial lineages. The fate decision of NPCs between proliferation and differentiation determines the number of differentiated cells and the size of each region of the brain. However, the signals that regulate the timing of neuronal differentiation remain unclear. Here, we show that Wnt signaling inhibits the self-renewal capacity of mouse cortical NPCs, and instructively promotes their neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of Wnt7a or of a stabilized form of beta-catenin in mouse cortical NPC cultures induced neuronal differentiation even in the presence of Fgf2, a self-renewal-promoting factor in this system. Moreover, blockade of Wnt signaling led to inhibition of neuronal differentiation of cortical NPCs in vitro and in the developing mouse neocortex. Furthermore, the beta-catenin/TCF complex appears to directly regulate the promoter of neurogenin 1, a gene implicated in cortical neuronal differentiation. Importantly, stabilized beta-catenin did not induce neuronal differentiation of cortical NPCs at earlier developmental stages, consistent with previous reports indicating self-renewal-promoting functions of Wnts in early NPCs. These findings may reveal broader and stage-specific physiological roles of Wnt signaling during neural development.
Peptide nucleic acid-targeted mutagenesis of a chromosomal gene in mouse cells (1998)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can bind to single-stranded DNA by Watson-Crick base pairing and can form triple helices via Hoogsteen bonding to DNA/PNA duplexes. A single dimeric PNA molecule can form a clamp via both double- and triple-helix formation. We designed PNAs to bind as clamps to a site in the supFG1 mutation reporter gene carried within a chromosomally integrated, recoverable lambda phage shuttle vector in mouse fibroblasts. The PNAs were introduced into the cells via permeabilization with streptolysin-O, and cellular uptake was confirmed by fluorescein labeling and fluorescent microscopy. PNAs specific for either an 8- or a 10-bp site in the supFG1 gene were found to induce mutations at frequencies in the range of 0.1%, 10-fold above the background. PNAs with three or four mismatches showed poor in vitro target site binding and were ineffective in the mutagenesis assay. No increased mutagenesis was detected with any of the PNAs in the nontargeted cII gene, also carried within the lambda vector, further indicating the specificity of the PNA-induced mutagenesis. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the majority of the mutations were located within the PNA-binding site and consisted mostly of single base pair insertions and deletions within the poly G:C run there, suggesting that a high affinity PNA clamp constitutes a mutagenic lesion that may provoke replication slippage errors. The ability to direct mutations to a target site in chromosomal DNA by using PNAs may provide a useful tool for research and therapeutic applications.
Glucose Biosensor Based on a Sol-Gel-Derived Platform (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlucose Biosensor Based on a Sol-Gel-Derived PlatformUpvan. Narang, Paras N. Prasad, Frank V. Bright, Kumaran. Ramanathan, N. Deepak. Kumar, B. D. Malhotra, M. N. Kamalasanan, and Subhas. ChandraCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 19, 3139–3144Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00091a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00091a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1135Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bio-based polymers and composites (2005)

Preface About the Authors 1. Overview of Plant Polymers: Resources, Demands, and Sustainability 2. Plant Materials Formation and Growth 3. Isolation and Processing of Plant Materials 4. Polymers and Composite Resins from Plant Oils 5. Composites and Foams from Plant Oil-Based Resins 6. Fundamentals of Fracture in Bio-Based Polymers 7. Properties of Triglyceride-Based Thermosets 8. Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives, Elastomers, and Coatings from Plant Oil 9. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Soy Proteins 10. Soy Protein Adhesives 11. Plastics Derived from Starch and Poly (Lactic Acids) 12. Bio-Based Composites from Soybean Oil and Chicken Feathers 13. Hurricane-Resistant Houses from Soybean Oil and Natural Fibers 14. Carbon Nanotube Composites with Soybean Oil Resins 15. Nanoclay Biocomposites 16. Lignin Polymers and Composites Index
Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Activates TNFR1 Signaling through Conserved IgG Binding Domains (2006)

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a major cause of infection in normal as well as immunocompromised hosts, and the increasing prevalence of highly virulent community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains is a public health concern. A highly expressed surface component of S. aureus, protein A (SpA), contributes to its success as a pathogen by both activating inflammation and by interfering with immune clearance. SpA is known to bind to IgG Fc, which impedes phagocytosis. SpA is also a potent activator of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling, inducing both chemokine expression and TNF-converting enzyme-dependent soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) shedding, which has anti-inflammatory consequences, particularly in the lung. Using a collection of glutathione S-transferase fusions to the intact IgG binding region of SpA and to each of the individual binding domains, we found that the SpA IgG binding domains also mediate binding to human airway cells. TNFR1-dependent CXCL8 production could be elicited by any one of the individual SpA IgG binding domains as efficiently as by either the entire SpA or the intact IgG binding region. SpA induction of sTNFR1 shedding required the entire IgG binding region and tolerated fewer substitutions in residues known to interact with IgG. Each of the repeated domains of the IgG binding domain can affect multiple immune responses independently, activating inflammation through TNFR1 and thwarting opsonization by trapping IgG Fc domains, while the intact IgG binding region can limit further signaling through sTNFR1 shedding.
Constitutive NF-κB and NFAT activation leads to stimulation of the BLyS survival pathway in aggressive B-cell lymphomas (2006)

B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a relatively recently recognized member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family (TNF), is a potent cell-survival factor expressed in many hematopoietic cells. BLyS binds to 3 TNF-R receptors, TACI, BCMA, BAFF-R, to regulate B-cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. The mechanisms involved in BLYS gene expression and regulation are still incompletely understood. In this study, we examined BLYS gene expression, function, and regulation in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-B) cells. Our studies indicate that BLyS is constitutively expressed in aggressive NHL-B cells, including large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), playing an important role in the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells. We found that 2 important transcription factors, NF-kappaB and NFAT, are involved in regulating BLyS expression through at least one NF-kappaB and 2 NFAT binding sites in the BLYS promoter. We also provide evidence suggesting that the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB and BLyS in NHL-B cells forms a positive feedback loop associated with lymphoma cell survival and proliferation. Our findings indicate that constitutive NF-kappaB and NFAT activations are crucial transcriptional regulators of the BLyS survival pathway in malignant B cells that could be therapeutic targets in aggressive NHL-B.