gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Darpa Communicator spoken dialogue systems (2001)

This paper describes the application of the PARADISE evaluation framework to the corpus of 662 human-computer dialogues collected in the June 2000 Darpa Communicator data collection. We describe results based on the standard logfile metrics as well as results based on additional qualitative metrics derived using the DATE dialogue act tagging scheme. We show that performance models derived via using the standard metrics can account for 37% of the variance in user satisfaction, and that the addition of DATE metrics improved the models by an absolute 5%.
Compliance with allopurinol therapy among managed care enrollees with gout: a retrospective analysis of administrative claims. (2004)

Compliance with allopurinol in this population was low. Because untreated gouty arthritis can lead to serious adverse outcomes (such as recurrent gouty arthritis, chronic gouty arthropathy, tophi, and urolithiasis) that are usually avoidable with antihyperuricemic therapy, efforts to achieve better compliance are warranted.
Recursively cautious congestion control (2014)

TCP's congestion control is deliberately cautious, avoiding network overloads by starting with a small initial window and then iteratively ramping up. As a result, it often takes flows several round-trip times to fully utilize the available bandwidth. In this paper we propose RC3, a technique to quickly take advantage of available capacity from the very first RTT. RC3 uses several levels of lower priority service and a modified TCP behavior to achieve near-optimal throughputs while preserving TCP-friendliness and fairness. We implement RC3 in the Linux kernel and in NS-3. In common wide-area scenarios, RC3 results in over 40% reduction in average flow completion times, with strongest improvements - more than 70% reduction in flow completion time - seen in medium to large sized (100KB - 3MB) flows.
Bacteriophage Inactivation at the Air-Water-Solid Interface in Dynamic Batch Systems (1999)

Bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates for human enteric viruses in many studies on virus transport and fate. In this investigation, the fates of three bacteriophages, MS2, R17, and phiX174, were studied in a series of dynamic batch experiments. Both MS2 and R17 readily underwent inactivation in batch experiments where solutions of each phage were percolated through tubes packed with varying ratios of glass and Teflon beads. MS2 and R17 inactivation was the result of exposure to destructive forces at the dynamic air-water-solid interface. phiX174, however, did not undergo inactivation in similar studies, suggesting that this phage does not accumulate at air-water interfaces or is not affected by interfacial forces in the same manner. Other batch experiments showed that MS2 and R17 were increasingly inactivated during mixing in polypropylene tubes as the ionic strength of the solution was raised (phiX174 was not affected). By the addition of Tween 80 to suspensions of MS2 and R17, phage inactivation was prevented. Our data suggest that viral inactivation in simple dynamic batch experiments is dependent upon (i) the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface), (ii) the ionic strength of the solution, (iii) the concentration of surface active compounds in the solution, and (iv) the type of virus used.
DNA amplification of adeno-associated virus as a response to cellular genotoxic stress. (1988)

We studied DNA amplification of helper virus-dependent parvoviruses [adeno-associated virus (AAV)] following genotoxic treatment of a number of mammalian cell lines from different species including primary, immortalized, and tumorigenic cells. All cell lines, either infected with AAV or transfected with parvoviral DNA, readily amplified AAV DNA in the absence of helper virus following treatment of cells with a wide variety of genotoxic agents like chemical carcinogens, UV, heat shock, and metabolic inhibitors of DNA replication or protein synthesis. In addition, we show that in the SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cell lines CO60 and CO631 carcinogen-induced AAV DNA amplification may result in a complete AAV replication cycle giving rise to infectious AAV progeny. Our results demonstrate that AAV DNA amplification induced by genotoxic agents is completely independent of the presence of viral helper functions. Because its induction is not restricted to a specific cell type or to a malignant phenotype, AAV DNA amplification may represent a marker for cellular genotoxic stress response.
A New Method of Mapping and Counting Micropipes in SiC Wafers (2006)

Micropipes are considered to be a major device killer in SiC wafers. Developing a method to count and map micropipes efficiently and accurately has been a challenging task to date. In this work, a new method based on KOH etching and full wafer, high resolution digital imaging is developed to map and count micropipes in both conductive and semi-insulating SiC wafers. This method is also compared with a non-destructive method based on laser light scattering and a good agreement between the two methods is demonstrated.
Akt Stimulates Aerobic Glycolysis in Cancer Cells (2004)

Cancer cells frequently display high rates of aerobic glycolysis in comparison to their nontransformed counterparts, although the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. Constitutive activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt is a common perturbation observed in malignant cells. Surprisingly, although Akt activity is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis in nontransformed hematopoietic precursors and maintenance of Akt activity was required for rapid disease progression, the expression of activated Akt did not increase the proliferation of the premalignant or malignant cells in culture. However, Akt stimulated glucose consumption in transformed cells without affecting the rate of oxidative phosphorylation. High rates of aerobic glycolysis were also identified in human glioblastoma cells possessing but not those lacking constitutive Akt activity. Akt-expressing cells were more susceptible than control cells to death after glucose withdrawal. These data suggest that activation of the Akt oncogene is sufficient to stimulate the switch to aerobic glycolysis characteristic of cancer cells and that Akt activity renders cancer cells dependent on aerobic glycolysis for continued growth and survival.
Generation and characterization of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutant resistant to an HIV-1 protease inhibitor (1994)

A synthetic peptide, RPI 312, that specifically inhibits the protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) showed a potent inhibition on virus production, maturation, and infectivity. Treatment with this agent prevented the cleavage of Gag protein at the site between p17 and p24 in HIV-1 chronically infected MOLT-4 cells as well as in the released virus. Passage of HIV-1 in the presence of gradually increasing concentrations of this protease inhibitor resulted in emergence of a variant that could evade the drug effects. In the resistant variant the maturation of Gag proteins appeared normal, but its infectivity was reduced compared with that of the parent virus. The nucleotides coding the amino acids at and around the cleavage site between Gag proteins p17 and p24 were not changed. One point mutation (A-->G) at site 2082 of the pol gene that resulted in one amino acid change at site 84 of the protease from isoleucine to valine (I-84-->V) could be detected in the resistant variant. An HIV-1 infectious DNA clone with the I-84-->V mutation also showed reduced sensitivity to this protease inhibitor. The findings that the resistant variant had lower infectivity and was still affected by higher doses of the drug support the speculation that resistance to protease inhibitors may not be as problematic as other drug resistance.
Effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on intestinal polyp development in ApcΔ716 knockout mice (1995)

Epidemiological studies and animal experiments show an association of dietary intake of fish oils and low incidence of several types of cancers. The active ingredients of fish oils appear to be polyunsaturated fatty acids of omega-3 type such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We have investigated chemopreventive effects of DHA on mouse intestinal polyposis using adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene knockout mice. Damage to the human APC gene is responsible for not only familial adenomatous polyposis but also many sporadic cancers of the entire digestive tract. Using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, we recently constructed gene knockout mice containing a truncation mutation in the Apc gene at codon 716 (Apc delta 716). The heterozygous mice developed numerous intestinal polyps, and all microadenomas dissected from the earliest polyps had already lost the wild-type allele, indicating the loss of heterozygosity [Oshima et al. (1995), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 4482-4486]. We fed Apc delta 716 heterozygotes with AIN-76A purified diet containing 3% DHA for 7 weeks, and scored the number and size of intestinal polyps. Average DHA intakes per day were 4.1 and 4.3 g/kg body wt for males and females, respectively. DHA-fed females had only 31% of polyps compared with the control females that developed about 220 polyps, whereas DHA-fed females showed no significant decrease in the polyp number. As for the polyp size, the proportion of larger polyps decreased more significantly in females than in males. This is the first demonstration that DHA inhibits intestinal polyposis induced by an Apc mutation at both its formation and growth.
Fully Inkjet Printed RF Inductors and Capacitors Using Polymer Dielectric and Silver Conductive Ink With Through Vias (2015)

In this paper, fully inkjet printed multilayer capacitors and inductors are fabricated and characterized using poly 4-vinylphenol (PVP) ink as the dielectric layer and silver nanoparticle ink as the conductor. Inkjet printed through vias, created with a novel dissolving method are used to make RF structures in a multilayer inkjet printing process. The vias have been realized in a 350-nm PVP film and exhibit resistance better than 0.1 Ω. Spiral inductors from 10 to 75 nH have been realized with maximum quality factors around five. The 10-nH inductor exhibits a self-resonant frequency slightly below 1 GHz. Metal-insulator-metal capacitors are realized with densities of 50 pF/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . These capacitors demonstrate values ranging from 16 to 50 pF. The 16-pF capacitor shows a self-resonant frequency over 1.5 GHz. The successful implementation of inductors and capacitors in an all inkjet printed multilayer process with vias is an important step toward fully inkjet-printed large area and flexible RF systems.
Do the Copper Complexes of Histamine, Histidine and of Two H2-Antagonists React with O−2? (1991)

The effects of cimetidine, ranitidine, histamine and histidine, as well as of their copper complexes, have been examined in an enzymic and chemical O2- generated systems. Copper complexes like CuZnSOD inhibited both the reduction of cytochrome c and NBT2+ in xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems, but their inhibitory action was due to a certain extent to the copper-induced inhibition of xanthine oxidase. EDTA abolished the inhibitory effect of all copper complexes studied. Luminol chemiluminescence in NADH2-PMS system was inhibited by CuZnSOD while it was enhanced by copper complexes. The copper-accelerating effect gradually increased up to about 1 microM Cu and decreased, reaching the control values up to 10 microM Cu. In the presence of low copper concentrations chemiluminescence was inhibited by CuZnSOD only, while in the presence of high copper concentrations it was inhibited by catalase and mannitol, but not by CuZnSOD. The ligands however, have been ineffective in the two O2- generated systems.
Blocking of EGF-Dependent Cell Proliferation by EGF Receptor Kinase Inhibitors (1988)

A systematic series of low molecular weight protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors were synthesized; they had progressively increasing affinity over a 2500-fold range toward the substrate site of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase domain. These compounds inhibited EGF receptor kinase activity up to three orders of magnitude more than they inhibited insulin receptor kinase, and they also effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent autophosphorylation of the receptor. The most potent compounds effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent proliferation of A431/clone 15 cells with little or no effect on the EGF-independent proliferation of these cells. The potential use of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors as antiproliferative agents is demonstrated.
A Micropower Chopper-Stabilized Operational Amplifier Using a SC Notch Filter With Synchronous Integration Inside the Continuous-Time Signal Path (2006)

A micropower chopper stabilized opamp is presented. The new topology incorporates a switched capacitor filter with synchronous integration inside the continuous time signal path virtually eliminating chopping noise. A three-stage amplifier with multipath nested Miller compensation is modified to incorporate chopping of the input stage, sinc filtering to notch any chopping ripple, and a compensation scheme to maintain an undistorted high-speed signal path. Characteristics of the amplifier presented include rail to rail input and output operating on supplies of 1.8 to 5.5 V over -40degC to 125degC. Quiescent supply current is 17 muA, input offset is 3 muV, input offset drift is 0.02 muV/degC, GBW is 350 kHz, and the chopping frequency is 125 kHz. Die area is 0.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using a precision analog mixed-signal CMOS process combining low-noise 0.6-mum analog transistors with 0.3-mum digital CMOS capability
Aspect coherence for graph-based semantic image labelling (2010)

In image semantic segmentation a semantic category label is associated to each image pixel. This classification problem is characterised by pixel dependencies at different scales. On a small-scale pixel correlation is related to object instance sharing, whereas on a middle- and large scale to category co-presence and relative location constraints. The contribution of this study is two-fold. First, the authors present a framework that jointly learns category appearances and pixel dependencies at different scales. Small-scale dependencies are accounted by clustering pixels into larger patches via image oversegmentation. To tackle middle-scale dependencies a conditional random field (CRF) is built over the patches. A novel strategy to exploit local patch aspect coherence is used to impose an optimised structure in the graph to have exact and efficient inference. The second contribution is a method to account for full patch neighbourhoods without introducing loops in the graphical structures. ‘Weak neighbours’ are introduced, which are patches connected in the image but not in the inference graph. They are pre-classified according to their visual appearance and their category distribution probability is then used in the CRF inference step. Experimental evidence of the validity of the method shows improvements in comparison to other works in the field.
Preferential Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Colon Carcinoma Liver Metastases in Nude Mice (1998)

Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) gene expression and functional protein levels correlate with the metastatic potential of human colon carcinoma (HCC) cells in nude mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the production of liver metastases by HCC cells depends on the EGF-R activation status and whether different organ microenvironments influence this activation. Using two independent monoclonal antibodies specific for the activated (i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylated) EGF-R, increased immunoreactivity was observed in HCC cells growing as metastatic lesions in the livers of athymic nude mice. Staining was observed throughout these lesions, both peripherally and centrally. In contrast, little or no immunoreactivity for activated EGF-R was observed in primary tumors growing orthotopically in the cecum or ectopically in the subcutis of nude mice. Immunohistochemistry for total EGF-R levels (irrelevant of activation status) demonstrated similar levels of immunoreactivity in HCC tumors growing in the cecum, subcutis, or liver of nude mice, indicating that total EGF-R levels are not altered after growth in these different microenvironments. Controls included immunohistochemistry for total and activated EGF-R levels in HCC cells growing in vitro under serum-free or EGF-stimulated conditions and A431-epidermoid carcinoma growing in nude mice. Western blot analyses confirmed the specificity of the antibodies for the activated EGF-R. These results suggest that the production of liver metastasis by HCC cells depends in part on the response of tumor cells to organ-derived growth factors and hence the activation of specific cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors.
Network and Internetwork Security: Principles and Practice (1994)

This book presents detailed coverage of network security technology, the standards that are being developed for security in an internetworking environment, and the practical issues involved in developing security applications. Each basic building block of network security is covered, including conventional and public-key cryptography, authentication, and digital signatures, as are methods for countering hackers and other intruders and viruses. This work is intended for use on network security and computer security courses.
Increased Methylation of the MOR Gene Proximal Promoter in Primary Sensory Neurons Plays a Crucial Role in the Decreased Analgesic Effect of Opioids in Neuropathic Pain (2014)

Altogether, our results demonstrate that increased methylation of the MOR gene PP in DRG is required for the decreased morphine analgesia in neuropathic pain.
Investigation into the antioxidant role of arginine in the treatment and the protection for intralipid-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2015)

These results proved that pre- and post-treatment with Arg blocked oxidative stress-induced NASH by inhibiting CYP2E1 activity, decreasing TNF- α level and restoration activities of eNOS and antioxidant enzymes as well as glutathione level. This antioxidant effect of Arg leads to reverse signs of liver pathology of NASH with amelioration of liver and kidney functions.
Evolution of Neoantigen Landscape during Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant therapeutic responses against tumors containing increased mutation-associated neoantigen load. We have examined the evolving landscape of tumor neoantigens during the emergence of acquired resistance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after initial response to immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Analyses of matched pretreatment and resistant tumors identified genomic changes resulting in loss of 7 to 18 putative mutation-associated neoantigens in resistant clones. Peptides generated from the eliminated neoantigens elicited clonal T-cell expansion in autologous T-cell cultures, suggesting that they generated functional immune responses. Neoantigen loss occurred through elimination of tumor subclones or through deletion of chromosomal regions containing truncal alterations, and was associated with changes in T-cell receptor clonality. These analyses provide insight into the dynamics of mutational landscapes during immune checkpoint blockade and have implications for the development of immune therapies that target tumor neoantigens.<b>Significance:</b> Acquired resistance to immune checkpoint therapy is being recognized more commonly. This work demonstrates for the first time that acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockade can arise in association with the evolving landscape of mutations, some of which encode tumor neoantigens recognizable by T cells. These observations imply that widening the breadth of neoantigen reactivity may mitigate the development of acquired resistance. <i>Cancer Discov; 7(3); 264-76. ©2017 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Yang, p. 250</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235</i>.
Multichannel frequency-selective switch employing an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer with fold-back optical paths (1994)

The optimized configuration of an N-channel frequency-selective 2/spl times/2 switch based on an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) (2N+1)/spl times/(2N+1) multiplexer is proposed that offers significant crosstalk reduction and loss-imbalance equalization. The optimization is achieved by employing fold-back optical paths instead of loop-back paths. A switch constructed with a silica-based AWG 16/spl times/16 multiplexer demonstrates coherent crosstalk of less than -30 dB in the transmitting frequency-division-multiplexed (FDM) channels; the gain in optimization is more than 15 dB. The largest loss-difference among the seven FDM channels is simultaneously reduced from 4.5 dB to 1.6 dB. These improvements will extend the cascadable number of nodes in all-optical FDM networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Motion Pictures Experts Group digital compression standard and its role in satellite systems (2002)

The author discusses the general scope of audio and video compression and what role the Motion Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) standard has played in its development. The MPEG standard began in 1988 as an effort of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to develop a working standard for encoding and decoding compressed digital video. MPEG is also specifically addressed within the context of how it will be used in satellite systems. Texas Instruments' involvement in the digital compression area is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estrogen Receptor beta in Health and Disease1 (2005)

Estrogens, acting through its two receptors, ESR1 (hereafter designated ER alpha) and ESR2 (hereafter designated ER beta), have diverse physiological effects in the reproductive system, bone, cardiovascular system, hematopoiesis, and central and peripheral nervous systems. Mice with inactivated ER alpha, ER beta, or both show a number of interesting phenotypes, including incompletely differentiated epithelium in tissues under steroidal control (prostate, ovary, mammary, and salivary glands) and defective ovulation reminiscent of polycystic ovarian syndrome in humans (in ER beta-/- mice), and obesity, insulin resistance, and complete infertility (both in male and female ER alpha-/- mice). Estrogen agonists and antagonists are frequently prescribed drugs with indications that include postmenopausal syndrome (agonists) and breast cancer (antagonists). Because the two estrogen receptors (ERs) have different physiological functions and have ligand binding pockets that differ enough to be selective in their ligand binding, opportunities now exist for development of novel ER subtype-specific selective-ER modulators.