gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreasing Foot Pressures While Implementing Topical Negative Pressure (Vacuum-Assisted Closure) Therapy (2004)

Over the past generation, there have been a number of significant advances in wound healing in general. Unfortunately, much of this has not translated into increased success in healing wounds on the sole of the foot. We believe that much of this therapeutic disconnect has to do with an inadequate merging of pressure off-loading technologies and active wound-healing technologies. This article discusses such a merger between removable cast walkers and topical negative pressure (also known as vacuum-assisted closure).
LOCAL INTERFERON THERAPY FOR MELANOMA PATIENTS (1995)

The control group was not selected at random. Therefore, on the basis of our results, one can say that the treatment of the melanoma patients, Clark levels III and IV, with the r.IFN alpha 2c is promising and that further investigation is justified.
Neuronal precursor‐specific activity of a human doublecortin regulatory sequence (2005)

The doublecortin (DCX) gene encodes a 40-kDa microtubule-associated protein specifically expressed in neuronal precursors of the developing and adult CNS. Due to its specific expression pattern, attention was drawn to DCX as a marker for neuronal precursors and neurogenesis, thereby underscoring the importance of its promoter identification and promoter analysis. Here, we analysed the human DCX regulatory sequence and confined it to a 3.5-kb fragment upstream of the ATG start codon. We demonstrate by transient transfection experiments that this fragment is sufficient and specific to drive expression of reporter genes in embryonic and adult neuronal precursors. The activity of this regulatory fragment overlapped with the expression of endogenous DCX and with the young neuronal markers class III beta-tubulin isotype and microtubule-associated protein Map2ab but not with glial or oligodendroglial markers. Electrophysiological data further confirmed the immature neuronal nature of these cells. Deletions within the 3.5-kb region demonstrated the relevance of specific regions containing transcription factor-binding sites. Moreover, application of neurogenesis-related growth factors in the neuronal precursor cultures suggested the lack of direct signalling of these factors on the DCX promoter construct.
The Sugen 5416/Hypoxia Mouse Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Revisited: Long‐Term Follow‐Up (2014)

The combination of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, Sugen 5416 (SU5416), and chronic hypoxia is known to cause pronounced pulmonary hypertension (PH) with angioobliterative lesions in rats and leads to exaggerated PH in mice as well. We sought to determine whether weekly SU5416 injections during 3 weeks of hypoxia leads to long-term development of angioobliterative lesions and sustained or progressive PH in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with SU5416 (SuHx) or vehicle (VehHx) weekly during 3 weeks of exposure to 10% oxygen. Echocardiographic and invasive measures of hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular morphometry were performed after the 3-week hypoxic exposure and after 10 weeks of recovery in normoxia. SuHx led to higher right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure and RV hypertrophy than VehHx after 3 weeks of hypoxia. Ten weeks after hypoxic exposure, RV systolic pressure decreased but remained elevated in SuHx mice compared with VehHx or normoxic control mice, but RV hypertrophy had resolved. After 3 weeks of hypoxia and 10 weeks of follow-up in normoxia, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was significantly decreased, indicating decreased systolic RV function. Very few angioobliterative lesions were found at the 10-week follow-up time point in SuHx mouse lungs. In conclusion, SU5416 combined with 3 weeks of hypoxia causes a more profound PH phenotype in mice than hypoxia alone. PH persists over 10 weeks of normoxic follow-up in SuHx mice, but significant angioobliterative lesions do not occur, and neither PH nor RV dysfunction worsens. The SuHx mouse model is a useful adjunct to other PH models, but the search will continue for a mouse model that better recapitulates the human phenotype.
Intestinal metaplasia of human stomach displays distinct patterns of mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) expression. (1999)

Intestinal metaplasia is a well-established premalignant condition of the stomach that is characterized by mucin carbohydrate modifications defined by histochemical methods. The purpose of the present study was to see whether the expression of mucin core proteins was modified in the different types of intestinal metaplasia and to evaluate the putative usefulness of mucins as "molecular markers" in this setting. We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies with well-defined specificities to MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 to characterize the expression pattern of mucins. In contrast to normal gastric mucosa, the complete form or type I intestinal metaplasia (n = 20) displayed little or no expression of MUC1, MUC5AC, or MUC6 in the metaplastic cells and strong expression of the intestinal mucin MUC2 in the goblet cells of all cases. The incomplete forms of intestinal metaplasia, type II (n = 25) and type III (n = 16), expressed MUC1 and MUC5AC in every case, both in goblet and in columnar cells. MUC6 was also expressed in 16 cases of type II intestinal metaplasia and in 11 cases of type III intestinal metaplasia. The intestinal mucin MUC2 was expressed in every case of incomplete intestinal metaplasia, mostly in goblet cells. The mucin expression profile in the different types of intestinal metaplasia allows the identification of two patterns: one defined by decreased levels of expression of "gastric" mucins (MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6) and expression of MUC2 intestinal mucin, which corresponds to type I intestinal metaplasia, and the other defined by coexpression of "gastric mucins" (MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6) together with the MUC2 mucin, encompassing types II and III intestinal metaplasia. Our results challenge the classical sequential pathway of intestinal metaplasia (from type I to type III via a type II intermediate step).
A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Testosterone Therapy for HIV-Positive Men With Hypogonadal Symptoms (2000)

Testosterone is well tolerated and effective in the short-term treatment of symptoms of clinical hypogonadism in men with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus illness, restoring libido and energy, alleviating depressed mood, and increasing muscle mass.
Size Series of Small Indium Arsenide−Zinc Selenide Core−Shell Nanocrystals and Their Application to In Vivo Imaging (2006)

We have developed a size series of unusually small, water-soluble (InAs)ZnSe (core)shell quantum dots (QDs) that emit in the near-infrared and exhibit new behavior in vivo, including multiple sequential lymph node mapping and extravasation from the vasculature. The biological utility of these fluorescent probes resulted from our intentional choice to match the semiconductor material and water-soluble ligand with a desired final hydrodynamic diameter and emission wavelength.
A Synthetic Membrane-Anchored Antigen Efficiently Promotes Uptake of Antifluorescein Antibodies and Associated Protein A by Mammalian Cells (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Synthetic Membrane-Anchored Antigen Efficiently Promotes Uptake of Antifluorescein Antibodies and Associated Protein A by Mammalian CellsStephen L. Hussey, Enfei He, and Blake R. PetersonView Author Information Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 50, 12712–12713Publication Date (Web):November 22, 2001Publication History Received14 September 2001Published online22 November 2001Published inissue 19 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja017087ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja017087orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Fluorescence,Immunology,Peptides and proteins,Plasma membrane Get e-Alerts
Plasticity of Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells (2004)

Stem cell plasticity refers to the ability of adult stem cells to acquire mature phenotypes that are different from their tissue of origin. Adult bone marrow cells (BMCs) include two populations of bone marrow stem cells (BMCs): hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which give rise to all mature lineages of blood, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. In this article, we review the literature that lends credibility to the theory that highly plastic BMCs have a role in maintenance and repair of nonhematopoietic tissue. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which this may occur. Also reviewed is the possibility that adult BMCs can change their gene expression profile after fusion with a mature cell, which has brought into question whether this stem cell plasticity is real.
Development of novel lithium borate additives for designed surface modification of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes (2016)

A novel series of lithium alkyl trimethyl borates and lithium aryl trimethyl borates have been prepared and investigated as cathode film forming additives.
Parotid Fistula Complicating Surgical Excision of a Basal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

HILL, SARAH E. MBCHB; MORTIMER, NEIL J. MRCP(UK); HITCHCOCK, BRANDON FRACS; SALMON, PAUL J. FRACPAuthor Information
Deep Generative Adversarial Compression Artifact Removal (2017)

Compression artifacts arise in images whenever a lossy compression algorithm is applied. These artifacts eliminate details present in the original image, or add noise and small structures; because of these effects they make images less pleasant for the human eye, and may also lead to decreased performance of computer vision algorithms such as object detectors. To eliminate such artifacts, when decompressing an image, it is required to recover the original image from a disturbed version. To this end, we present a feed-forward fully convolutional residual network model trained using a generative adversarial framework. To provide a baseline, we show that our model can be also trained optimizing the Structural Similarity (SSIM), which is a better loss with respect to the simpler Mean Squared Error (MSE). Our GAN is able to produce images with more photorealistic details than MSE or SSIM based networks. Moreover we show that our approach can be used as a pre-processing step for object detection in case images are degraded by compression to a point that state-of-the art detectors fail. In this task, our GAN method obtains better performance than MSE or SSIM trained networks.
Kennedy's Disease (1999)

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), Kennedy's disease, is a degenerative disease of the motor neurons that is associated with an increase in the number of CAG repeats encoding a polyglutamine stretch within the androgen receptor (AR). Recent work has demonstrated that the gene products associated with open reading frame triplet repeat expansions may be substrates for the cysteine protease cell death executioners, the caspases. However, the role that caspase cleavage plays in the cytotoxicity associated with expression of the disease-associated alleles is unknown. Here, we report the first conclusive evidence that caspase cleavage is a critical step in cytotoxicity; the expression of the AR with an expanded polyglutamine stretch enhances its ability to induce apoptosis when compared with the normal AR. The AR is cleaved by a caspase-3 subfamily protease at Asp146, and this cleavage is increased during apoptosis. Cleavage of the AR at Asp146 is critical for the induction of apoptosis by AR, as mutation of the cleavage site blocks the ability of the AR to induce cell death. Further, mutation of the caspase cleavage site at Asp146 blocks the ability of the SBMA AR to form perinuclear aggregates. These studies define a fundamental role for caspase cleavage in the induction of neural cell death by proteins displaying expanded polyglutamine tracts, and therefore suggest a strategy that may be useful to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with polyglutamine repeat expansions.
The influence of co-solvents on the stability and bioavailability of rapamycin formulated in self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (2011)

The data obtained in present study highlight the importance of co-solvents on the stability and bioavailability of rapamycin formulated in SMEDDS. Besides solubilizing drug and increasing the dispersion rate, co-solvent could markedly affect the stability of rapamycin whether in different aqueous media or during storage and contribute to the improved oral bioavailability; it can also appropriately decrease the content of surfactant without compromising the absorption of drug.
Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides VII. Solid phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleo-tides by a eontinuous flow phosphotriester method on a kieselguhr-polyamide support (1982)

A new kieselguhr-polydimethylacrylamide support has been used in a continuous flow, column system for solid phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by a phosphotriester procedure. Using only protected mononucleotides a 14-mer, 20-mer and 27-mer were assembled in high repetitive yield using a simple manually operated, bench top apparatus.
Localization of Epileptic Auras Induced on Stimulation by Subdural Electrodes (1997)

Our study confirms previous analyses which indicate that complete resection of the epileptogenic lesion is essential to achieve a good outcome. Frequent overlap of the SIA zone with the epileptogenic lesion and the EEG seizure onset zone indicates proximity of the SIA with the epileptogenic zone. Nevertheless, this study does not support the concept that the SIA zone and the EEG seizure onset zone have additional value in defining the boundaries of resection in epilepsy surgery. Three case presentations suggest that SIA result from facilitated pathways between the stimulated cortex, the epileptogenic zone around the lesion, and the symptomatogenic zone. Functional reorganization in the vicinity of the cortical lesion cannot be ruled out but was not seen in our patients. Thus, SIA often do not reflect the normal function of the stimulated underlying cortex.
Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit adipocyte differentiation by bone marrow stromal cells (1995)

The bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified based on their ability to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo and have since been identified as members of the transforming growth factor-beta gene superfamily. It has been well established that the bone morphogenetic cytokines enhance osteogenic activity in bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Recent reports have described how bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited myogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In vivo, bone marrow stromal cells differentiate along the related adipogenic pathway with advancing age. The current work reports the inhibitory effects of the bone morphorphogenetic proteins on adipogenesis in a multipotent murine bone marrow stromal cell line, BMS2. When exposed to bone morphogenetic protein-2, the pre-adipocyte BMS2 cells exhibited the expected induction of the osteogenic-related enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Following induction of the BMS2 cells with adipogenic agonists, adipocyte differentiation was assessed by morphologic, enzymatic, and mRNA markers. Flow cytometric analysis combined with staining by the lipophilic fluorescent dye, Nile red, was used to quantitate the extent of lipid accumulation within the BMS2 cells. By this morphologic criteria, the bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited adipogenesis at concentrations of 50 to 500 ng/ml. This correlated with decreased levels of adipocyte specific enzymes and mRNAs. The BMS2 pre-adipocytes constitutively expressed mRNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 and this was inhibited by adipogenic agonists. Together, these findings demonstrate that bone morphogenetic proteins act as adipogenic antagonists. This supports the hypothesis that adipogenesis and osteogenesis in the bone marrow microenvironment are reciprocally regulated.
Rapid profiling of RSV antibody repertoires from the memory B cells of naturally infected adult donors (2016)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in young children and the elderly. There are currently no licensed RSV vaccines, and passive prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab is restricted to high-risk infants in part due to its modest efficacy. Although it is widely agreed that an effective RSV vaccine will require the induction of a potent neutralizing antibody response against the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein, little is known about the specificities and functional activities of RSV F-specific antibodies induced by natural infection. Here, we have comprehensively profiled the human antibody response to RSV F by isolating and characterizing 364 RSV F-specific monoclonal antibodies from the memory B cells of three healthy adult donors. In all donors, the antibody response to RSV F is comprised of a broad diversity of clones that target several antigenic sites. Nearly half of the most potent antibodies target a previously undefined site of vulnerability near the apex of the prefusion conformation of RSV F (preF), providing strong support for the development of RSV vaccine candidates that preserve the membrane-distal hemisphere of the preF protein. Additionally, the antibodies targeting this new site display convergent sequence features, thus providing a future means to rapidly detect the presence of these antibodies in human vaccine samples. Many of the antibodies that bind preF-specific surfaces are over 100 times more potent than palivizumab, and several cross-neutralize human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Taken together, the results have implications for the design and evaluation of RSV vaccine candidates and offer new options for passive prophylaxis.
Clostridium difficile— More Difficult Than Ever (2008)

Because of mutations in this opportunistic pathogen, infections with C. difficile have become both more prevalent and more virulent. This article summarizes recent changes in the epidemiology of this infection and explains what is known about the changes in disease severity and the response to therapy. The authors discuss the use of new antibiotics, probiotics, immunotherapy, and even bacteriotherapy.
Sequential Loss of Tumor Vessel Pericytes and Endothelial Cells after Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B by Selective Aptamer AX102 (2007)

Inhibition of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) can increase the efficacy of other cancer therapeutics, but the cellular mechanism is incompletely understood. We examined the cellular effects on tumor vasculature of a novel DNA oligonucleotide aptamer (AX102) that selectively binds PDGF-B. Treatment with AX102 led to progressive reduction of pericytes, identified by PDGF receptor beta, NG2, desmin, or alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity, in Lewis lung carcinomas. The decrease ranged from 35% at 2 days, 63% at 7 days, to 85% at 28 days. Most tumor vessels that lacked pericytes at 7 days subsequently regressed. Overall tumor vascularity decreased 79% over 28 days, without a corresponding decrease in tumor size. Regression of pericytes and endothelial cells led to empty basement membrane sleeves, which were visible at 7 days, but only 54% remained at 28 days. PDGF-B inhibition had a less pronounced effect on pancreatic islet tumors in RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice, where pericytes decreased 47%, vascularity decreased 38%, and basement membrane sleeves decreased 21% over 28 days. Taken together, these findings show that inhibition of PDGF-B signaling can lead to regression of tumor vessels, but the magnitude is tumor specific and does not necessarily retard tumor growth. Loss of pericytes in tumors is an expected direct consequence of PDGF-B blockade, but reduced tumor vascularity is likely to be secondary to pericyte regression.
The PAPS-Independent Aryl Sulfotransferase and the Alternative Disulfide Bond Formation System in Pathogenic Bacteria (2010)

Sulfurylation of biomolecules (often termed sulfonation or sulfation) has been described in many organisms in all kingdoms of life. To date, most studies on sulfotransferases, the enzymes catalyzing sulfurylation, have focused on 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent enzymes, which transfer the sulfuryl group from this activated anhydride to hydroxyl groups of acceptor molecules. By contrast, the PAPS-independent aryl sulfotransferases (ASSTs) from bacteria, which catalyze sulfotransfer from phenolic sulfate esters to another phenol in the bacterial periplasm, were not well characterized until recently, although they were first described in 1986 in a search for nonhepatic sulfurylation processes. Recent studies revealed that this unusual class of sulfotransferases differs profoundly in both molecular structure and catalytic mechanism from PAPS-dependent sulfotransferases, and that ASSTs from certain bacterial pathogens are upregulated during infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on the roles of sulfurylation in prokaryotes and analyze the occurrence of ASSTs and their dependence on Dsb proteins catalyzing oxidative folding in the periplasm. Furthermore, we discuss structural differences and similarities between aryl sulfotransferases and PAPS-dependent sulfotransferases.
Antisense suppression of donor splice site mutations in the dystrophin gene transcript (2013)

We describe two donor splice site mutations, affecting dystrophin exons 16 and 45 that led to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through catastrophic inactivation of the mRNA. These gene lesions unexpectedly resulted in the retention of the downstream introns, thereby increasing the length of the dystrophin mRNA by 20.2 and 36 kb, respectively. Splice-switching antisense oligomers targeted to exon 16 excised this in-frame exon and the following intron from the patient dystrophin transcript very efficiently in vitro, thereby restoring the reading frame and allowing synthesis of near-normal levels of a putatively functional dystrophin isoform. In contrast, targeting splice-switching oligomers to exon 45 in patient cells promoted only modest levels of an out-of-frame dystrophin transcript after transfection at high oligomer concentrations, whereas dual targeting of exons 44 and 45 or 45 and 46 resulted in more efficient exon skipping, with concomitant removal of intron 45. The splice site mutations reported here appear highly amenable to antisense oligomer intervention. We suggest that other splice site mutations may need to be evaluated for oligomer interventions on a case-by-case basis.