gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Facial Age Classification Using Active Shape Model, Geometrical Feature, and Support Vector Machine on Early Growth Stage (2015)

Human face is an integral part for delivering an amount of nonverbal information to facilitate communication. One of the important is human age, but accurately extracting human age from his face is not easy. Facial aging process is different on early growth (child to adult) and adult aging (adult to senior). On early growth and development of the face, from birth to adulthood, the greatest change is the shape change. But on adult aging the most significant change is on the skin (textural change), the shape change still continue but much less dramatic compared to early growth. In our research we develop a two stage facial age classification system to classify human age into age classes. This paper is the first part of our two stage facial age classification. In this paper we develop facial age classification system for the early growth stage, we classify human age into six classes which are 0-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-10, 11-16, and 17+. Because the early growth have grater impact on shape change, we only use geometrical feature to classify the human face. We use Haar-like cascade to perform the face detection and then we use Active Shape Model to extract the geometrical features on human face. For the classifier we use Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. This system is developed with OpenCV library and C++ language. The results of classification based on geometrical features achieved an accuracy rate of 71.25% using FG-NET dataset. © 2015 Published by ISICO and/or peer-review under responsibility of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Evidence for an inverse relationship between the differentiation of adipocytic and osteogenic cells in rat marrow stromal cell cultures (1992)

The differentiation of adipocytic and osteogenic cells has been investigated in cultures of adult rat marrow stromal cells. Adipocytic differentiation was assessed using morphological criteria, changes in expression of procollagen mRNAs, consistent with a switch from the synthesis of predominantly fibrillar (types I and III) to basement membrane (type IV) collagen, and the induction of expression of aP2, a specific marker for differentiation of adipocytes. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed on the basis of changes in the abundance of the mRNAs for the bone/liver/kidney isozyme of alkaline phosphatase and the induction of mRNAs for bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin. In the presence of foetal calf serum and dexamethasone (10(-8) M) there was always differentiation of both adipocytic and osteogenic cells. When the steroid was present throughout primary and secondary culture the differentiation of osteogenic cells predominated. Conversely, when dexamethasone was present in secondary culture only, the differentiation of adipocytes predominated. When marrow stromal cells were cultured in the presence of dexamethasone in primary culture and dexamethasone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3; 10(-8) M) in secondary culture, the differentiation of adipocytes was inhibited whereas the differentiation of osteogenic cells was enhanced, as assessed by an increase in expression of osteocalcin mRNA. The results, therefore, demonstrate an inverse relationship between the differentiation of adipocytic and osteogenic cells in this culture system and are consistent with the possibility that the regulation of adipogenesis and osteogenesis can occur at the level of a common precursor in vivo.
Hierarchical Recurrent Attention Network for Response Generation (2018)

We study multi-turn response generation in chatbots where a response is generated according to a conversation context. Existing work has modeled the hierarchy of the context, but does not pay enough attention to the fact that words and utterances in the context are differentially important. As a result, they may lose important information in context and generate irrelevant responses. We propose a hierarchical recurrent attention network (HRAN) to model both the hierarchy and the importance variance in a unified framework. In HRAN, a hierarchical attention mechanism attends to important parts within and among utterances with word level attention and utterance level attention respectively.
Solution Of Two Questions Concerning The Divisor Function And The Pseudosmarandache Function (1999)

In this paper we completely solve two questions concerning the divisor function and the pseudo - Smarandache function.
Enhanced Activation of Human Dendritic Cells by Inducible CD40 and Toll-like Receptor-4 Ligation (2007)

Despite the potency of dendritic cells (DC) as antigen-presenting cells for priming adaptive immunity, DC-based cancer vaccines have been largely insufficient to effectively reduce tumor burden or prevent tumor progression in most patients. To enhance DC-based vaccines, we used the combination of a synthetic ligand-inducible CD40 receptor (iCD40) along with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) ligation in human monocyte-derived DCs. The iCD40 receptor permits targeted, reversible activation of CD40 in vivo, potentially bypassing the essential role of CD4(+) T cells for activation of DCs. As a rigorous preclinical study of this approach, we evaluated key parameters of DC activation and function. Whereas neither iCD40 nor TLR-4 signaling alone led to high levels of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-6, using iCD40 in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or monophosphoryl lipid A led to strongly synergistic production of both. Furthermore, this approach led to high expression of DC maturation markers, epitope-specific CTL and T helper 1 responses, as well as DC migration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, use of iCD40-modified and LPS-stimulated DCs led to targeted expansion of autologous T cells against tumor-associated antigens, including prostate-specific membrane antigen, and elimination of preestablished tumors, supporting this technology as a potent strategy for DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Protease inhibitors selectively block T cell receptor-triggered programmed cell death in a murine T cell hybridoma and activated peripheral T cells. (1993)

The hypothesis that cytoplasmic proteases play a functional role in programmed cell death was tested by examining the effect of protease inhibitors on the T cell receptor-mediated death of the 2B4 murine T cell hybridoma and activated T cells. The cysteine protease inhibitors trans-epoxysuccininyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane (E-64) and leupeptin, the calpain selective inhibitor acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-normethional, and the serine protease inhibitors diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, all showed dose-dependent blocking of the 2B4 death response triggered by the T cell receptor complex and by anti-Thy-1. These protease inhibitors enhanced rather than inhibited IL-2 secretion triggered by T cell receptor cross-linking, showing that they did not act by preventing signal transduction. Growth inhibition induced by cross-linking the 2B4 T cell receptor, measured by inhibition of thymidine incorporation, was not generally blocked by these protease inhibitors. All five of these protease inhibitors enhanced rather than blocked 2B4 cell death triggered by dexamethasone, an agent previously shown to have a death pathway antagonistic with that of the TCR. 2B4 cytolysis by the cytotoxic agents staphylococcal alpha-toxin and dodecyl imidazole, and that caused by hypotonic conditions, was not significantly affected by the five protease inhibitors tested. The selected protease inhibitors blocked both the apoptotic nuclear morphology changes and DNA fragmentation induced by T cell receptor cross-linking, and enhanced both these properties induced by dexamethasone in 2B4 cells. The T cell receptor-induced death of activated murine lymph node T cells and human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was blocked by both cysteine and serine protease inhibitors, showing that the protease-dependent death pathway also operates in these systems.
Novel Marine Sponge Amino Acids, 10. Xestoaminoh from Xestaspongia sp. (1990)

The study of the anthelminthic components from a Fiji sponge Xestospongia sp. has yielded new amino alcohols, xestoaminols A-C. Xestoaminol B, (2S*)-aminotetradeca-11, 13-dien-(3R*)-ol [2], is isomeric to known Xestospongia products, (2S)-aminotetradeca-5,7-dien-(3R)-ol [6] and (2S)-aminotetradeca-5,7-dien-(3S)-ol [7], recently reported by Gulavita and Scheuer. Xestoaminols A [1] and C [3] are, respectively, the dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives of xestoaminol B. A combined nmr and molecular mechanics study on the oxazolidinone of xestoaminol A provided the basis for the relative stereochemistry assigned at C-2 and C-3 in xestoaminol A. This compound was extremely active in assays testing for action against parasites, microbes, and reverse transcriptase.
Clinical significance of chemosensitivity in chronic heart failure: influence on neurohormonal derangement, Cheyne–Stokes respiration and arrhythmias (2008)

Increased chemosensitivity has been observed in HF (heart failure) and, in order to clarify its pathophysiological and clinical relevance, the aim of the present study was to investigate its impact on neurohormonal balance, breathing pattern, response to exercise and arrhythmic profile. A total of 60 patients with chronic HF [age, 66+/-1 years; LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), 31+/-1%; values are means+/-S.E.M.] underwent assessment of HVR (hypoxic ventilatory response) and HCVR (hypercapnic ventilatory response), neurohormonal evaluation, cardiopulmonary test, 24-h ECG monitoring, and assessment of CSR (Cheyne-Stokes respiration) by diurnal and nocturnal polygraphy. A total of 60% of patients had enhanced chemosensitivity. Those with enhanced chemosensitivity to both hypoxia and hypercapnia (i.e. HVR and HCVR), compared with those with normal chemosensitivity, had significantly (all P<0.01) higher noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) levels, higher prevalence of daytime and night-time CSR, worse NYHA (New York Heart Association) class and ventilatory efficiency [higher VE (minute ventilation)/VCO(2) (carbon dioxide output) slope], and a higher incidence of chronic atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, but no difference in left ventricular volumes or LVEF. A direct correlation was found between HVR or HCVR and noradrenaline (R=0.40 and R=0.37 respectively; P<0.01), BNP (R=0.40, P<0.01), N-terminal pro-BNP (R=0.37 and R=0.41 respectively, P<0.01), apnoea/hypopnoea index (R=0.57 and R=0.59 respectively, P<0.001) and VE/VCO(2) slope (R=0.42 and R=0.50 respectively, P<0.001). Finally, by multivariate analysis, HCVR was shown to be an independent predictor of both daytime and night-time CSR. In conclusion, increased chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia, particularly when combined, is associated with neurohormonal impairment, worse ventilatory efficiency, CSR and a higher incidence of arrhythmias, and probably plays a central pathophysiological role in patients with HF.
Proboscis Lateralis (2008)

Proboscis lateralis is a rare spontaneous congenital anomaly that results from a failure of normal embryological nasal development. The ensuing deformity consists of imbrication of the nasal soft tissues into a tubelike proboscis and can be associated with ipsilateral heminasal aplasia, choanal atresia, and multiple other abnormalities. A case report of a patient with proboscis lateralis is presented, with a 27-year follow-up detailing the complexities of long-term surgical management. After 15 major surgical interventions, there is relatively normal facial symmetry, but abnormalities remain with the underlying craniofacial skeleton and nasopharyngeal airway. Proboscis lateralis is not an isolated soft tissue abnormality but is a craniofacial defect that requires a long-term multidisciplinary approach to the surgical timing and treatment with lifelong follow-up.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A Viruses Are Transmitted Efficiently among Guinea Pigs by Direct Contact but Not by Aerosol (2008)

Influenza viruses resistant to the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir arise under drug selection pressure both in vitro and in vivo. Several mutations in the active site of the viral NA are known to confer relative resistance to oseltamivir, and influenza viruses with certain oseltamivir resistance mutations have been shown to transmit efficiently among cocaged ferrets. However, it is not known whether NA mutations alter aerosol transmission of drug-resistant influenza virus. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant human influenza A/H3N2 viruses without and with oseltamivir resistance mutations (in which NA carries the mutation E119V or the double mutations E119V I222V) have similar in ovo growth kinetics and infectivity in guinea pigs. These viruses also transmit efficiently by the contact route among cocaged guinea pigs, as in the ferret model. However, in an aerosol transmission model, in which guinea pigs are caged separately, the oseltamivir-resistant viruses transmit poorly or not at all; in contrast, the oseltamivir-sensitive virus transmits efficiently even in the absence of direct contact. The present results suggest that oseltamivir resistance mutations reduce aerosol transmission of influenza virus, which could have implications for public health measures taken in the event of an influenza pandemic.
Production of cytokines by immature erythroid cells derived from human embryonic liver. (2001)

It is well known that regulatory interactions between hematopoietic and lymphoid cells are mediated by different mediators. The cells of erythroid lineage are not an exception and have a regulatory effect on hemato- and immunopoiesis that can be mediated through the production of cytokines i.e. by soluble factors - a universal mechanism for cell regulation in hematopoietic and immune systems. It has been previously shown that erythroid progenitor cells from mice express mRNA of cytokines such as IL-1 alpha and beta, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and TGF-beta. In this report we present the results of the production of the main immunoregulatory cytokines by erythroid cells derived from human embryonic liver. It was revealed that the cell population enriched with erythroid progenitors, isolated from human fetal liver, can produce IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6. The levels of production of cytokines by immature erythroid progenitor cells is compared to the levels of corresponding cytokines produced by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The production of these cytokines changed quantitatively under the effect of erythropoietin, and are correlated with the expression of differentiation markers of erythroid cells such as AG-EB and Glycophorin A. The role of cytokine production by erythroid cells in hemato- and immunopoiesis and the mechanisms of self-regulation of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells is discussed.
Construction of a 10,000-Marker Ultradense Genetic Recombination Map of Potato: Providing a Framework for Accelerated Gene Isolation and a Genomewide Physical Map (2006)

An ultradense genetic linkage map with >10,000 AFLP loci was constructed from a heterozygous diploid potato population. To our knowledge, this is the densest meiotic recombination map ever constructed. A fast marker-ordering algorithm was used, based on the minimization of the total number of recombination events within a given marker order in combination with genotyping error-detection software. This resulted in "skeleton bin maps," which can be viewed as the most parsimonious marker order. The unit of distance is not expressed in centimorgans but in "bins." A bin is a position on the genetic map with a unique segregation pattern that is separated from adjacent bins by a single recombination event. Putative centromeres were identified by a strong clustering of markers, probably due to cold spots for recombination. Conversely, recombination hot spots resulted in large intervals of up to 15 cM without markers. The current level of marker saturation suggests that marker density is proportional to physical distance and independent of recombination frequency. Most chromatids (92%) recombined once or never, suggesting strong chiasma interference. Absolute chiasma interference within a chromosome arm could not be demonstrated. Two examples of contig construction and map-based cloning have demonstrated that the marker spacing was in accordance with the expected physical distance: approximately one marker per BAC length. Currently, the markers are used for genetic anchoring of a physical map of potato to deliver a sequence-ready minimal tiling path of BAC contigs of specific chromosomal regions for the potato genome sequencing consortium (http://www.potatogenome.net).
Human Information Processing (2002)

This chapter contains section titled: Attention and vigilance Perception Memory Response selection
Lumbar Percutaneous Facet Rhizotomy (1990)

The author reports on 223 patients who underwent lumbar percutaneous facet rhizotomy for chronic low-back or chronic back and leg pain. The overall success rate was 69%. The procedure is very safe and can offer relief for many patients in whom organic pathology, most commonly a herniated lumbar disc, has been eliminated. The procedure, screening and results are discussed.
Human mast cells express functional TrkA and are a source of nerve growth factor (1997)

Mast cells are the principal effector cells in IgE-dependent hypersensitivity reactions. Despite reports that rodent mast cells proliferate in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), human mast cells reportedly do not respond to this factor. To determine if human mast cells express the NGF receptors, TrkA tyrosine receptor and the low affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR), we first analyzed the mRNA expression by RT-PCR of TrkA and LNGFR in a human mast cell line (HMC-1) and in human mast cells cultured in the presence of stem cell factor. Both HMC-1 and cultured human mast cells were found to express TrkA but not LNGFR. TrkA protein was demonstrated by Western blot analysis of HMC-1 lysates. Using flow cytometric analysis and mast cell tryptase as a mast cell marker, both HMC-1 cells and cultured human mast cells were shown to coexpress tryptase and TrkA. Treatment of mast cells with NGF resulted in phosphorylation of TrkA on tyrosine residues as detected by immunoblotting with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody. Furthermore, NGF induced the immediate early gene c-fos in HMC-1 cells. HMC-1 cells and cultured human mast cells were also found to express NGF mRNA, and conditioned medium from HMC-1 cells stimulated neurite outgrowth from chicken embryonic sensory ganglia in culture. This effect was blocked by anti-NGF. Thus, mast cells express functional TrkA and synthesize NGF, suggesting a mechanism by which NGF may act as an autocrine factor for human mast cells, and by which mast cells and nerves may interact.
Interactions between natural polyamines and tRNA: an 15N NMR analysis. (1992)

15N NMR spectroscopy was used to explore the interactions between natural polyamines and Escherichia coli tRNA. It was found that when tRNA is added to solutions of 15N-labeled spermine or spermidine, there is a considerable decrease in the relative heights of the -NH(2+)--resonances with respect to the signals arising from the -NH3+ groups. The presence of tRNA was also found to reduce the longitudinal relaxation times T1 of the nitrogens, mainly those of the -NH(2+)- groups. The longitudinal relaxation times of the nitrogens were used to characterize the temperature dependence of the binding, and they allowed us to calculate the activation energies that determine the correlation times of amino groups in the presence of tRNA. Both the thermodynamic and the relaxation results indicate that (i) spermine binds more strongly to tRNA than spermidine does and (ii) within each of these molecules the -NH(2+)- groups bind more strongly to tRNA than the more electropositive -NH3+ moieties. This specificity suggests that the interaction between polyamines and tRNA cannot be described exclusively in terms of electrostatic forces and that other interactions (most likely, hydrogen bonding) are very important for establishing the polyamine-tRNA link. Some of the factors that may conspire against the binding of -NH3+ groups to tRNA are briefly discussed.
Electrically switchable diffractive optical element for image processing (1994)

An electrically switchable diffractive optical element has been built based on a computer-generated phase hologram and a liquid-crystal layer. The design of the diffractive optical element and the fabrication and performance of the device are discussed. The application of the device in a machine vision system for optical surface inspection is shown.
Induced Orientational Order in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films (2007)

A new polymer multilayer fabrication method that employs employing thin films of lamellar polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) is presented. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by patterning nanometer-scale silicon wire arrays. A multilayer patterning process that features defect-free lamellar pattern formation is demonstrated (see figure).
Dipyridocatecholate-Bridged Complexes of Platinum and Ruthenium Diimine Chromophores (1998)

New Ru-Pt heterometallic complexes have been prepared and their electrochemical and luminescence properties characterized. One series of complexes contains a tris diimine-chelated Ru(II) center linked to one, two, or three Pt(II) diimine moieties via a dipyridocatecholate (dpcat; 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diolate) bridging ligand, as indicated by the general formula [(dbbpy)(3)(-)(n)()Ru((&mgr;-dpcat)Pt(dbbpy))(n)()](PF(6))(2) (n = 1-3) where dbbpy = di-tert-butylbipyridine. A different dinuclear complex has a tetrapyridophenazine (tppz) bridge connecting a Ru(diimine)(3)(2+) chromophore with a Pt diimine dithiolate center and has the formula [(dbbpy)(2)Ru(&mgr;-tppz)Pt(tdt)](2+) where tdt = toluene-3,4-dithiolate. The dpcat-bridged complexes exhibit numerous redox processes that are assigned on the basis of comparison of those shown by mononuclear precursors and analogues, i.e., Ru(diimine)(3)(2+) and Pt(dbbpy)(dpcat). The dpcat-bridged complexes display distinct absorption bands due to Ru(diimine)(3)(2+) and Pt(diimine)(diolate) chromophores at ca. 450 and 540 nm, respectively. Emission from the Pt center is observed at 77 K (but not at room temperature in fluid solution) upon direct irradiation of this center as well as excitation of the Ru center. The latter suggests the occurrence of energy transfer between Ru- and Pt-based components. The energy transfer appears to be efficient, but not complete for the dinuclear species [(dbbpy)(2)Ru(&mgr;-dpcat)Pt(dbbpy)](PF(6))(2), as indicated by residual Ru emission from this complex. In contrast with the observation of a Pt-based emission from the bridged dinuclear complexes, the mononuclear complex Pt(dbbpy)(dpcat) does not luminesce, even in rigid media at low temperature. The spectroscopic properties of the tppz-bridged complex [(dbbpy)(2)Ru(&mgr;-tppz)Pt(tdt)](2+) are very similar to those of [(dbbpy)(2)Ru(&mgr;-dpcat)Pt(dbbpy)](2+).