gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-associated endotoxin activities in vitro and in vivo by the human anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody SdJ5-1.17.15 (1993)

The present study evaluated the effect of a novel anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody, termed SdJ5, on the in vitro production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta by endotoxin- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). In addition, the present study determined whether SdJ5 could neutralize the in vivo toxicity of LPS. SdJ5, at a concentration equal to or greater than 3 micrograms/ml, specifically inhibited TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta production by hPBMC stimulated with every type of LPS and lipid A assessed. SdJ5 also showed a significantly greater inhibition of cytokine production than a nonrelevant human immunoglobulin M myeloma control. The SdJ5-mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha production was rapid, as the simultaneous addition of the SdJ5 and LPS still resulted in a marked decrease in hPBMC cytokine synthesis. The ability of SdJ5 to neutralize in vivo toxicity was also determined by using LPS from four different strains of gram-negative bacteria. LPS, when preincubated with SdJ5, resulted in a significant decrease in the 24-h mortality rate compared with that for the control. These studies show that the anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody SdJ5 can modulate LPS-induced cytokine production in vitro and increase the survival rate of rats challenged with lethal doses of LPS.
Fill 'er up? Fill what up? (2016)

In this issue of Blood, Cooley et al challenge the assumption that the plasma half-life of factor IX (FIX) is a surrogate marker for the duration of hemostatic efficacy in the management of individuals with hemophilia B. They provide evidence that the size of an extravascular pool of FIX bound to collagen IV is the true pharmacodynamic predictor.1
Increased lysine synthesis in tobacco plants that express high levels of bacterial dihydrodipicolinate synthase in their chloroplasts (1992)

Summary A major nutritional drawback of many crop plants is their low content of several essential amino acids, particularly lysine. The biosynthesis of lysine in plants is regulated by several feedback loops. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) from Escherichia coli , a key enzyme in lysine biosynthesis, which is considerably less sensitive to lysine accumulation than the endogenous plant enzyme has been expressed in chloroplasts of tobacco leaves. Expression of the bacterial enzyme was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of free lysine. No increase in protein‐bound lysine was evident. Free lysine accumulation was positively correlated with the level of DHPS activity in various transgenic plants. Compartmentalization of DHPS in the chloroplast was essential for its participation in lysine biosynthesis as no lysine overproduction was obtained in transgenic plants that expressed the bacterial enzyme in the cytoplasm. The elevated level of free lysine in the transgenic plants was sufficient to inhibit, in vivo , a second key enzyme in lysine biosynthesis, namely, aspartate kinase, with no apparent influence on lysine accumulation. The present report not only provides a better understanding of the regulation of lysine biosynthesis in higher plants but also offers a new strategy to improve the production of this essential amino acid.
<title>Method for retrieving sequences of images on the basis of motion analysis</title> (1992)

This paper describes a method for retrieving sequences of images in a motion image database using motion information as a key. This information is obtained by application of the motion analysis technique. The proposed method has three steps: automatic extraction of motion vectors through frame sequences, motion description using spatio-temporal space, and retrieval of sequences of images. The motion vectors of objects are extracted on the basis of block motion estimation. Block motion estimation tracks each block of a scene throughout a period. This tracking procedure takes account of the traceability of each block and the reliability of its calculated motion vector. Extracted motion vectors are mapped using spatio- temporal space (x-y-t). The motion of each block is represented as one vector in the feature space, and motion vectors in a scene are aggregated into several representative vectors by statistical analysis. The retrieval of sequences of images is divided into two parts: specification of the query conditions, and matching between the query conditions and the motion database. The query conditions are input from a stroke device. The user can interactively manipulate the query conditions, such as the number, period, and starting time of objects. The data are gathered as an x-y series at a given interval, and then normalized. Similarity is defined in spatio-temporal space as the distance between the query conditions and the stored motion index. Candidate sequences of images are ranked in order of distance. An experimental system has been developed for retrieving sequences of images on a workstation.
Graphics processing unit accelerated non-uniform fast Fourier transform for ultrahigh-speed, real-time Fourier-domain OCT (2010)

We implemented fast Gaussian gridding (FGG)-based non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture for ultrahigh-speed, real-time Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). The Vandermonde matrix-based non-uniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT) as well as the linear/cubic interpolation with fast Fourier transform (InFFT) methods are also implemented on GPU to compare their performance in terms of image quality and processing speed. The GPU accelerated InFFT/NUDFT/NUFFT methods are applied to process both the standard half-range FD-OCT and complex full-range FD-OCT (C-FD-OCT). GPU-NUFFT provides an accurate approximation to GPU-NUDFT in terms of image quality, but offers >10 times higher processing speed. Compared with the GPU-InFFT methods, GPU-NUFFT has improved sensitivity roll-off, higher local signal-to-noise ratio and immunity to side-lobe artifacts caused by the interpolation error. Using a high speed CMOS line-scan camera, we demonstrated the real-time processing and display of GPU-NUFFT-based C-FD-OCT at a camera-limited rate of 122 k line/s (1024 pixel/A-scan).
Cytokine Responses in Gnotobiotic Pigs after Infection with Virulent or Attenuated Human Rotavirus (2005)

To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. Pigs received the virulent Wa P1A[8]G1 strain of human rotavirus (HRV) (VirHRV), attenuated Wa HRV (AttHRV), or mock (controls). The TNF-alpha levels peaked earlier and remained elevated in serum of the VirHRV group but peaked later in the AttHRV group. In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. The IL-12 was detected in serum of all pigs including controls with significantly elevated peaks in both HRV-infected groups, indicating a role for IL-12 in the induction of immune responses to rotavirus infection. Only low and transient IFN-gamma responses occurred in serum and intestinal contents of the AttHRV-infected pigs, compared to significantly higher and prolonged IFN-gamma responses in the VirHRV-infected pigs. This observation coincides with the diarrhea and viremia induced by VirHRV. The number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells was significantly higher in the ileum of the VirHRV group than in that of the controls. The number of IL-4 CSCs was significantly higher in ileum of both HRV groups than in that of the controls. Significantly higher levels of IL-10 in the serum occurred early in the VirHRV group, compared to lower levels in the AttHRV group. However, the number of IL-10 CSCs was significantly higher later in ileum and spleen of the AttHRV than in the VirHRV group, suggesting a delayed initiation of a Th2 response induced by AttHRV. A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. These data indicate a balanced Th1/Th2 response during rotavirus infection, with higher cytokine levels early after infection with VirHRV compared to that with AttHRV. Mapping the kinetics and patterns of cytokine responses after rotavirus infection has important implications for induction of protective immunity by HRV vaccines. Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV.
In the Virtual Extension (2011)

To ensure the timely publication of articles, Communications created the Virtual Extension (VE) to expand the page limitations of the print edition by bringing readers the same high-quality articles in an online-only format. VE articles undergo the same rigorous review process as those in the print edition and are accepted for publication on merit. The following synopses are from articles now available in their entirety to ACM members via the Digital Library.
Picosecond optical parametric oscillator pumped synchronously,intracavity, by a mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser (2006)

The operation of a picosecond synchronously intracavity pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is reported. A magnesium doped lithium niobate crystal (MgO:PPLN), periodically poled, is used as the optical parametric oscillator crystal coupling the pump and the resonant signal cavities. The active medium of the pump cavity is a a diode pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO 4 crystal. Continuous mode-locked operation was achieved, tunable from 1531 to 1554 nm by adjusting the OPO crystal from 31 to 55°C. The spectral width of the generated radiation was 2 nm.
Deficiency in Mouse Oxytocin Prevents Milk Ejection,but not Fertility or Parturition (1996)

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone that participates in the regulation of parturition and lactation. It has also been implicated in various behaviors, such as mating and maternal, and memory. To investigate whether or not oxytocin (OT) is essential for any of these functions, we eliminated, by homologous recombination, most of the first intron and the last two exons of the OT gene in mice. Those exons encode the neurophysin portion of the oxytocin preprohormone which is hypothesized to help in the packaging and transport of OT. The homozygous mutant mice have no detectable neurophysin or processed oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus or posterior pituitary. Interestingly, homozygous mutant males and females are fertile and the homozygous mutant females are able to deliver their litters. However, the pups do not successfully suckle and die within 24 h without milk in their stomachs. OT injection into the dams restores the milk injection in response to suckling. These results indicate an absolute requirement for oxytocin for successful milk injection, but not for mating, parturition and milk production, in mice.
Expression of transcription factor HNF-4 in the extraembryonic endoderm, gut, and nephrogenic tissue of the developing mouse embryo: HNF-4 is a marker for primary endoderm in the implanting blastocyst. (1994)

The expression of HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) mRNA in postimplantation mouse embryos was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Expression was found in the primary endoderm at embryonic day 4.5 and was restricted to the columnar visceral endoderm cells of the yolk sac from day 5.5 to day 8.5. HNF-4 mRNA was first detected in embryonic tissues at day 8.5, in the liver diverticulum and the hindgut. At later times HNF-4 transcripts were observed in the mesonephric tubules, pancreas, stomach, and intestine and, still later, in the metanephric tubules of the developing kidney. This expression pattern suggests that HNF-4 has a role in the earliest stages of murine postimplantation development as well as in organogenesis.
Specific Targeting, Cell Sorting, and Bioimaging with Smart Magnetic Silica Core–Shell Nanomaterials (2005)

Organic dye-incorporated smart silica-coated core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@SiO2) having dual-functionality (-PEG/NH2, see Figure) were easily fabricated, and the amine moieties on the NP surface were modified with maleimide functionality for specific covalent immobilization of biopolymers and bioactive small molecules. The sequence-independent immobilization of antibodies (Ab) is highlighted; Ab-modified MNP@SiO2 particles exhibit specific recognition for floating tumor cells or target the membrane of adherent breast cancer cells.
Learning to detect objects in images via a sparse, part-based representation (2004)

We study the problem of detecting objects in still, gray-scale images. Our primary focus is the development of a learning-based approach to the problem that makes use of a sparse, part-based representation. A vocabulary of distinctive object parts is automatically constructed from a set of sample images of the object class of interest; images are then represented using parts from this vocabulary, together with spatial relations observed among the parts. Based on this representation, a learning algorithm is used to automatically learn to detect instances of the object class in new images. The approach can be applied to any object with distinguishable parts in a relatively fixed spatial configuration; it is evaluated here on difficult sets of real-world images containing side views of cars, and is seen to successfully detect objects in varying conditions amidst background clutter and mild occlusion. In evaluating object detection approaches, several important methodological issues arise that have not been satisfactorily addressed in previous work. A secondary focus of this paper is to highlight these issues and to develop rigorous evaluation standards for the object detection problem. A critical evaluation of our approach under the proposed standards is presented.
Combinatorial signaling by Sonic hedgehog and Wnt family members induces myogenic bHLH gene expression in the somite. (1995)

We have demonstrated previously that a combination of signals from the neural tube and the floor plate/notochord complex synergistically induce the expression of myogenic bHLH genes and myogenic differentiation markers in unspecified somites. In this study we demonstrate that Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is expressed in the floor plate/notochord, and a subset of Wnt family members (Wnt-1, Wnt-3, and Wnt-4), which are expressed in dorsal regions of the neural tube, mimic the muscle inducing activity of these tissues. In combination, Shh and either Wnt-1 or Wnt-3 are sufficient to induce myogenesis in somitic tissue in vitro. Therefore, we propose that myotome formation in vivo may be directed by the combinatorial activity of Shh secreted by ventral midline tissues (floor plate and notochord) and Wnt ligands secreted by the dorsal neural tube.
Serum amyloid A and protein AA: Molecular mechanisms of a transmissible amyloidosis (2009)

Systemic AA-amyloidosis is a complication of chronic inflammatory diseases and the fibril protein AA derives from the acute phase reactant serum AA. AA-amyloidosis can be induced in mice by an inflammatory challenge. The lag phase before amyloid develops can be dramatically shortened by administration of a small amount of amyloid fibrils. Systemic AA-amyloidosis is transmissible in mice and may be so in humans. Since transmission can cross species barriers it is possible that AA-amyloidosis can be induced by amyloid in food, e.g. foie gras. In mice, development of AA-amyloidosis can also be accelerated by other components with amyloid-like properties. A new possible risk factor may appear with synthetically made fibrils from short peptides, constructed for tissue repair.
Immunization with replication-defective mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1: sites of immune intervention in pathogenesis of challenge virus infection (1994)

Replication-defective mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were used as a new means to immunize mice against HSV-1-mediated ocular infection and disease. The effects of the induced immune responses on pathogenesis of acute and latent infection by challenge virus were investigated after corneal inoculation of immunized mice with virulent HSV-1. A single subcutaneous injection of replication-defective mutant virus protected mice against development of encephalitis and keratitis. Replication of the challenge virus at the initial site of infection was lower in mice immunized with attenuated, wild-type parental virus (KOS1.1) or replication-defective mutant virus than in mice immunized with uninfected cell extract or UV-inactivated wild-type virus. Significantly, latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia was reduced in mice given one immunization with replication-defective mutant virus and was completely prevented by two immunizations. Acute replication in the trigeminal ganglia was also prevented in mice immunized twice with wild-type or mutant virus. The level of protection against infection and disease generated by immunization with replication-defective mutant viruses was comparable to that of infectious wild-type virus in all cases. In addition, T-cell proliferative and neutralizing antibody responses following immunization and corneal challenge were of similar strength in mice immunized with replication-defective mutant viruses or with wild-type virus. Thus, protein expression by forms of HSV-1 capable of only partially completing the replication cycle can induce an immune response in mice that efficiently decreases primary replication of virulent challenge virus, interferes with acute and latent infection of the nervous system, and inhibits the development of both keratitis and systemic neurologic disease.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence coding for polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A12 (1985)

The coding region for the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of the type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus genome has been identified by nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA derived from the viral RNA. In addition, 704 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region between the polycytidylic acid tract and the probable initiation codon of the first translated gene, P16-L, have been sequenced. This region has several potential initiation codons, one of which appears to be a low-frequency alternate initiation site. The coding region encompasses 6,912 nucleotides and ends in a single termination codon, UAA, located 96 nucleotides upstream from a 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid tract. Microsequencing of radiolabeled in vivo and in vitro translation products identified the genome position of the major foot-and-mouth disease virus proteins and the cleavage sites recognized by the putative viral protease and an additional protease(s), probably of cellular origin, to generate primary and functional foot-and-mouth disease virus polypeptides.
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY NETWORKS IN CELLULAR RESPONSES AND TOLERANCE TO DEHYDRATION AND COLD STRESSES (2006)

Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and low temperature. Expression of a variety of genes is induced by these stresses in various plants. The products of these genes function not only in stress tolerance but also in stress response. In the signal transduction network from perception of stress signals to stress-responsive gene expression, various transcription factors and cis-acting elements in the stress-responsive promoters function for plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Recent progress has been made in analyzing the complex cascades of gene expression in drought and cold stress responses, especially in identifying specificity and cross talk in stress signaling. In this review article, we highlight transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to drought and cold stresses, with particular emphasis on the role of transcription factors and cis-acting elements in stress-inducible promoters.
Glucosphingolipid dependence of hormone-stimulated inositol trisphosphate formation. (1990)

The modulatory role of endogenous cellular glycosphingolipids in bradykinin-stimulated myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) formation by MDCK cells was evaluated utilizing the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP). Bradykinin-stimulated InsP3 formation in intact cells and in isolated plasma membranes was significantly enhanced when cells were first depleted of their glucosphingolipids. The effect of glucosphingolipid depletion on phospholipase C activity was dependent on the duration of exposure to the inhibitor and the cellular level of glucosylceramide. Inclusion of glucosylceramide in the culture medium prevented the stimulatory effect of PDMP on InsP3 formation. It is concluded that membrane glucosphingolipids may regulate phospholipase C activity.
Essential and separable roles for Syndecan-3 and Syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development and regeneration (2004)

Syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 function as coreceptors for tyrosine kinases and in cell adhesion. Syndecan-3(-/-) mice exhibit a novel form of muscular dystrophy characterized by impaired locomotion, fibrosis, and hyperplasia of myonuclei and satellite cells. Explanted syndecan-3(-/-) satellite cells mislocalize MyoD, differentiate aberrantly, and exhibit a general increase in overall tyrosine phosphorylation. Following induced regeneration, the hyperplastic phenotype is recapitulated. While there are fewer apparent defects in syndecan-4(-/-) muscle, explanted satellite cells are deficient in activation, proliferation, MyoD expression, myotube fusion, and differentiation. Further, syndecan-4(-/-) satellite cells fail to reconstitute damaged muscle, suggesting a unique requirement for syndecan-4 in satellite cell function.
Proxy-based authorization and accounting for distributed systems (2002)

A unified model is presented for authentication, authorization, and accounting that is based on proxies. It is shown that the proxy model for authorization can be used to support a wide range of authorization and accounting mechanisms. The proxy model strikes a balance between access-control-list anti capability-based mechanisms, allowing each to be used where appropriate and allowing their use in combination. The author describes how restricted proxies can be supported using existing authentication methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Markers of Vascular Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome (2004)

A Mediterranean-style diet might be effective in reducing the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular risk.