gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage polarization to a unique phenotype driven by B cells (2010)

Regulation of adaptive immunity by innate immune cells is widely accepted. Conversely, adaptive immune cells can also regulate cells of the innate immune system. Here, we report for the first time the essential role of B cells in regulating macrophage (Mφ) phenotype. In vitro B cell/Mφ co-culture experiments together with experiments in transgenic mice models for B-cell deficiency or overexpression showed B1 cells to polarize Mφ to a distinct phenotype. This was characterized by downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β and CCL3, but upregulated IL-10 upon LPS stimulation; constitutive expression of M2 Mφ markers (e.g. Ym1, Fizz1) and overexpression of TRIF-dependent cytokines (IFN-β, CCL5). Mechanistically, this phenotype was linked to a defective NF-κB activation, but a functional TRIF/STAT1 pathway. B1-cell-derived IL-10 was found to be instrumental in the polarization of these Mφ. Finally, in vivo relevance of B1-cell-induced Mφ polarization was confirmed using the B16 melanoma tumor model where adoptive transfer of B1 cells induced an M2 polarization of tumor-associated Mφ. Collectively, our results define a new mechanism of Mφ polarization wherein B1 cells play a key role in driving Mφ to a unique, but M2-biased phenotype. Future studies along these lines may lead to targeting of B1 cells to regulate Mφ response in inflammation and cancer.
A Hometown Dilemma: Addressing th e Sexual Harassment of Undocumented Women in Meatpacking Plants in Iowa and Nebraska (2004)

Sexual harassment of undocumented women workers continues to be a systemic problem within the meatpacking industry. In Iowa and Nebraska, the state legislature, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, labor unions, and local advocacy organizations are working to address the problem of sexual harassment within the meatpacking industry. This note addresses the ongoing issues facing women in the meatpacking industry in Iowa and Nebraska, in particular the unique concerns facing undocumented and immigrant women workers. It also looks to the Supreme Court holding in Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB to determine the applicability of that case to Title VII sexual harassment claims by undocumented women workers. Finally, it examines the outreach efforts undertaken by federal and state government, state agencies, and local organizations to educate workers about their workplace rights, including the right to be free of sexual harassment.
Nanostructured Immunosensor for Attomolar Detection of Cancer Biomarker Interleukin‐8 Using Massively Labeled Superparamagnetic Particles (2011)

A sensitive issue: Superparamagnetic particle–antibody conjugates enable detection of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum at a level of 1 fg mL−1 (ca. 100 aM). Ultrahigh sensitivity is facilitated by a nanostructured sensor platform coupled with secondary antibody–magnetic bead–horseradish peroxidase conjugate (Ab2–MB–HRP) with about 500 000 HRP labels (see picture).
Isolation of restriction fragments from large plasmids recovered from bacteria with multiple plasmids. (1991)

A rapid and simple method for isolation of restriction DNA fragments from large plasmids is described. The loss of large plasmids is avoided by restriction endonuclease cleavage in an agarose gel before DNA precipitation. Plasmids were separated in low-melting-point agarose by electrophoresis, the desired plasmid DNA band was cut from the gel and digested with a restriction endonuclease in the agarose. Restriction fragments in agarose were recovered by a modified phenol-extraction, concentrated with 2-butanol and precipitated with ethanol. The procedure simplifies the task of cloning genes from large plasmids, resulting in high yields of restriction fragments from a desired plasmid in a short time.
A nanofluidic channel with embedded transverse nanoelectrodes (2009)

In this paper, we demonstrate fabrication and characterization of a nanofluidic channel with embedded transverse nanoelectrodes using a combination of conventional photolithography and focused ion beam technologies. Glass-capped silicon dioxide nanochannels having 20 nm depth, 50 nm width, and 2 microm length with embedded platinum nanoelectrodes were fabricated. Channel patency was verified through measurements of the resistivity in phosphate buffered saline and electrostatic action on charged fluorescent nanospheres. Platinum nanoelectrode functionality was also tested using transverse resistance measurements in nanochannels filled with air, deionized water, and saline solution.
Cdc42: An Essential Rho-Type GTPase Controlling Eukaryotic Cell Polarity (1999)

Cdc42p is an essential GTPase that belongs to the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like GTPases. These proteins act as molecular switches by responding to exogenous and/or endogenous signals and relaying those signals to activate downstream components of a biological pathway. The 11 current members of the Cdc42p family display between 75 and 100% amino acid identity and are functional as well as structural homologs. Cdc42p transduces signals to the actin cytoskeleton to initiate and maintain polarized gorwth and to mitogen-activated protein morphogenesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc42p plays an important role in multiple actin-dependent morphogenetic events such as bud emergence, mating-projection formation, and pseudohyphal growth. In mammalian cells, Cdc42p regulates a variety of actin-dependent events and induces the JNK/SAPK protein kinase cascade, which leads to the activation of transcription factors within the nucleus. Cdc42p mediates these processes through interactions with a myriad of downstream effectors, whose number and regulation we are just starting to understand. In addition, Cdc42p has been implicated in a number of human diseases through interactions with its regulators and downstream effectors. While much is known about Cdc42p structure and functional interactions, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which it transduces signals within the cell. Future research should focus on this question as well as on the detailed analysis of the interactions of Cdc42p with its regulators and downstream effectors.
[Postoperatif ağrida deksketoprofen kullanimi]. (2006)

Dexketoprofen trometamol is a water-soluble salt of the dextrorotatory enantiomer of nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drug ketoprofen. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen on postoperative pain. This study was performed on 50 (ASA I-II) patients planned for abdominal hysterectomy. Fifty patients were randomized into two equal groups. Patients received oral placebo (group I) and 25 mg dexketoprofen (group II) 1h before surgery and 8 -16 h after surgery. All patients received a standard anesthetic protocol. At the end of surgery, all patients received tramadol IV via a PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) -device. Pain scores and sedation scores were assessed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Tramadol consumption, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction were noted during 24 h after the surgery. The pain scores were significantly lower in the dexketoprofen group compared with the placebo group (p<0.05). The cumulative tramadol consumption was lower in the dexketoprofen group than placebo group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in sedation scores, adverse effects and patient satisfaction between the groups (p>0.05). We conclude that the preoperative and postoperative administration of dexketoprofen provided a significant analgesic benefit and decreased the opioid requirements in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.
Mixture-Based Synthetic Combinatorial Libraries (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTMixture-Based Synthetic Combinatorial LibrariesRichard A. Houghten, Clemencia Pinilla, Jon R. Appel, Sylvie E. Blondelle, Colette T. Dooley, Jutta Eichler, Adel Nefzi, and John M. OstreshView Author Information Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 19, 3743–3778Publication Date (Web):September 23, 1999Publication History Received13 April 1999Published online23 September 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm990174vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm990174vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1208Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Combinatorial libraries,Deconvolution,Mixtures,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Characterization of a Novel FLT3 BiTE Molecule for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2020)

Despite advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), novel therapies are needed to induce deeper and more durable clinical response. Bispecific T-cell Engager (BiTE) molecules, which redirect patient T cells to lyse tumor cells, are a clinically validated modality for hematologic malignancies. Due to broad AML expression and limited normal tissue expression, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is proposed to be an optimal BiTE molecule target. Expression profiling of FLT3 was performed in primary AML patient samples and normal hematopoietic cells and nonhematopoietic tissues. Two novel FLT3 BiTE molecules, one with a half-life extending (HLE) Fc moiety and one without, were assessed for T-cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (TDCC) of FLT3-positive cell lines <i>in vitro, in vivo</i>, and <i>ex vivo</i> FLT3 protein was detected on the surface of most primary AML bulk and leukemic stem cells but only a fraction of normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. FLT3 protein detected in nonhematopoietic cells was cytoplasmic. FLT3 BiTE molecules induced TDCC of FLT3-positive cells <i>in vitro</i>, reduced tumor growth and increased survival in AML mouse models <i>in vivo</i> Both molecules exhibited reproducible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in cynomolgus monkeys <i>in vivo</i>, including elimination of FLT3-positive cells in blood and bone marrow. In <i>ex vivo</i> cultures of primary AML samples, patient T cells induced TDCC of FLT3-positive target cells. Combination with PD-1 blockade increased BiTE activity. These data support the clinical development of an FLT3 targeting BiTE molecule for the treatment of AML.
Liver fatty acid‐binding protein is a new prognostic factor for hepatic resection of colorectal cancer metastases (1999)

Background and Objectives Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is reported as a biological marker for enterocytic differentiation. We evaluated the prognostic value of L-FABP expression for patients undergoing hepatic resection of colorectal cancer metastases. Methods The study group comprised 68 patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases between 1982 and 1996 at Niigata University Medical Hospital, Niigata, Japan. L-FABP expression was immunohistochemically studied in metastatic liver tumors and their primary colorectal cancers. The relationship between L-FABP expression and patient prognoses was statistically analyzed. Results L-FABP was positively stained in 56% (38/68) of liver metastases from colorectal cancers and in 56% (38/68) of their primary tumors. Of 68 cases, 54 (79%) showed similar immunohistochemical findings between primary and metastatic tumors. Patients with L-FABP-positive liver metastases showed better prognosis than patients with L-FABP-negative metastases (P = 0.046). L-FABP expression in primary colorectal cancers more significantly (P = 0.009) affected long-term survival after hepatic surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prognostic effect of L-FABP expression in primary colorectal cancers was exerted independently and that its impact was larger than conventional pathological prognosticators. Conclusions L-FABP expression is suitable for use as a new presurgical prognostic factor for patients undergoing hepatic surgery for colorectal cancer metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;72:83–87. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Caspase 3 attenuates XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein)–mediated inhibition of caspase 9 (2007)

During apoptosis, the initiator caspase 9 is activated at the apoptosome after which it activates the executioner caspases 3 and 7 by proteolysis. During this process, caspase 9 is cleaved by caspase 3 at Asp(330), and it is often inferred that this proteolytic event represents a feedback amplification loop to accelerate apoptosis. However, there is substantial evidence that proteolysis per se does not activate caspase 9, so an alternative mechanism for amplification must be considered. Cleavage at Asp(330) removes a short peptide motif that allows caspase 9 to interact with IAPs (inhibitors of apoptotic proteases), and this event may control the amplification process. We show that, under physiologically relevant conditions, caspase 3, but not caspase 7, can cleave caspase 9, and this does not result in the activation of caspase 9. An IAP antagonist disrupts the inhibitory interaction between XIAP (X-linked IAP) and caspase 9, thereby enhancing activity. We demonstrate that the N-terminal peptide of caspase 9 exposed upon cleavage at Asp330 cannot bind XIAP, whereas the peptide generated by autolytic cleavage of caspase 9 at Asp315 binds XIAP with substantial affinity. Consistent with this, we found that XIAP antagonists were only capable of promoting the activity of caspase 9 when it was cleaved at Asp315, suggesting that only this form is regulated by XIAP. Our results demonstrate that cleavage by caspase 3 does not activate caspase 9, but enhances apoptosis by alleviating XIAP inhibition of the apical caspase.
Inversion by pre‐migration spectral shaping (2009)

Seismic inversion for acoustic impedance can be robustly and efficiently performed through the application of a spectral shaping filter combined with a −90° phase rotation. We show that this process, first published by Lancaster and Whitcombe (2000), is rigorously accurate and mathematically equivalent to all other methods of acoustic inversion based on a one‐dimensional convolutional model. Yet, the one‐dimensional convolutional model is inadequate for describing migrated traces, because it ignores the dip dependence of the wavelet after migration. Any seismic inversion method assuming such a model, will cause severe amplitude distortions when applied to migrated data, excessively amplifying dipping events, signal or noise. We describe here three methods to perform seismic inversion, that overcome the problem described above, namely: (i) applying spectral shaping before migration; (ii) applying spectral shaping to demigrated data, that are then remigrated; (iii) applying a multi‐dimensional spectral shaping operator after migration.
Further characterization of type 2 and type 3 chain blood group A glycosphinogolipids from human erythrocyte membranes (1986)

Blood group A glycosphingolipids with slow chromatographic mobilities have been separated systematically with an improved chromatographic procedure, and their structures have been analyzed by application of a panel of monoclonal antibodies defining A determinants carried by type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4 carbohydrate chains as well as by 1H NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. Of several A-active fractions, previously termed Aa, Ab, Ac, and Ad, in decreasing order of thin-layer chromatographic mobility, the third fraction (Ac) was characterized as containing one type 3 chain A component and one type 2 chain A component without branching, which have been termed type 3 chain Ab and nor-Ac, respectively. (Formula: see text). The major component present in the fourth A-active fraction (Ad) was isolated and characterized as a branched type 2 chain glycolipid formerly termed Ac. The major component in the fifth A-active fraction (Ae) was identified as a branched type 2 chain A previously termed Ad. The structures of Ac (n = 1) and Ad (n = 2) are (Formula: see text).
Fast algorithms for low-level vision (2003)

A computationally efficient recursive filtering structure is presented for smoothing and, calculating the first and second directional derivatives and the Laplacian of an image with a fixed number of operations per output element, independently of the size of the neighborhood considered. It is shown how the recursive approach results on an implementation of low-level vision algorithms that is very efficient in terms of computational effort and how it renders the use of multiresolution techniques very attractive. Applications to edge detection problem are considered, and a novel edge detector allowing zero-crossings of an image, to be extracted with only 14 operations per output element at any resolution is provided. The algorithms have been tested for indoor scenes and noisy images and gave very good results for all of them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sub-band coding of images (2005)

This paper presents an extension of sub-band coding to two-dimensions with particular application to images. We employ a 16 band decomposition using a tree structure of separable quadrature mirror filters and decimators. The sub-bands are encoded using DPCM with bits allocated to approximately minimize the mean-square error. A block-adaptive variant is also presented. A limited SNR comparison shows adaptive sub-band coding to outperform the adaptive discrete cosine transform and two types of vector quantizers.
Antimicrobial Release Kinetics From Polymethylmethacrylate in a Novel Continuous Flow Chamber (2002)

Polymethylmethacrylate is used for local delivery of antimicrobials in the treatment of musculoskeletal infections. A novel continuous flow chamber system was designed to measure in vitro antimicrobial release. Three-millimeter beads containing amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or vancomycin [concentration of 7.5% (weight per weight)] were placed individually in a continuous flow chamber with a total volume of 1 mL Kreb's Ringer buffer flowing at 1 mL/hour. Effluent was sampled hourly for 24 hours and then every 2 hours up to 48 hours; antimicrobial concentrations were measured in triplicate by bioassay. The mean peak concentrations were 40.9, 30.1, 30.0, and 19.1 microg/mL; the mean areas under the concentration time curves (Time 0 to infinity) were 263, 327, 110, and 180 hours x microg/mL of antibiotic; and the mean percentages of initial amount of antimicrobial released were 11.7%, 14.5%, 6.6%, and 10.9% for tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and vancomycin, respectively. The results for each polymethylmethacrylate-antimicrobial agent combination were reproducible. In contrast to other in vitro elution systems, this novel system operates under the premise that there is dynamic flow surrounding polymethylmethacrylate in vivo and permits rapid in vitro comparison of the relative release of antimicrobial agents from polymethylmethacrylate.
Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. (2008)

One reason for the universal appeal of music lies in the emotional rewards that music offers to its listeners. But what makes these rewards so special? The authors addressed this question by progressively characterizing music-induced emotions in 4 interrelated studies. Studies 1 and 2 (n=354) were conducted to compile a list of music-relevant emotion terms and to study the frequency of both felt and perceived emotions across 5 groups of listeners with distinct music preferences. Emotional responses varied greatly according to musical genre and type of response (felt vs. perceived). Study 3 (n=801)--a field study carried out during a music festival--examined the structure of music-induced emotions via confirmatory factor analysis of emotion ratings, resulting in a 9-factorial model of music-induced emotions. Study 4 (n=238) replicated this model and found that it accounted for music-elicited emotions better than the basic emotion and dimensional emotion models. A domain-specific device to measure musically induced emotions is introduced--the Geneva Emotional Music Scale.
Isolation and characterization of human factor VIII: molecular forms in commercial factor VIII concentrate, cryoprecipitate, and plasma. (1986)

Human factor VIII has been isolated from a high purity factor VIII concentrate by immunoaffinity chromatography and HPLC on Mono Q gel. Two fractions of factor VIII were obtained with a specific activity of approximately equal to 7000 units/mg. The major fraction contained eight peptide chains of 200, 180, 160, 150, 135, 130, 115, and 105 kDa plus one doublet chain of 80 kDa. The minor fraction contained one peptide chain of 90 kDa plus the chain of 80 kDa. Both fractions were activated by thrombin to the same extent. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis was performed on the 180-kDa, 130-kDa, and 90-kDa chains and showed an identical amino-terminal sequence in these chains. Each chain from 200 kDa to 90 kDa was linked to one 80-kDa chain by a metal-ion bridge(s). Studies on factor VIII in plasma and cryoprecipitate, prepared and gel filtered in the presence of protease inhibitors, showed that one 200-kDa plus one 80-kDa chain were the only or dominating chains in the materials and may represent native factor VIII. The results indicated that all chains from 180 kDa to 90 kDa are fragments of the 200-kDa chain. All of these more or less fragmented chains form active factor VIII complexes with the 80-kDa chain.
ShowMotion (2006)

We describe a new interactive system for 3D design review, built to exploit the visual perception cue of motion parallax, in order to enhance shape perception and aesthetic evaluation. Traditional CAD applications typically use "bookmarked" static views for design evaluation. In our system, we replace static views with moving "shots" interspersed with cinematic visual transitions. Furthermore, users can access shots by picking object features on the 3D model, which invokes a spatial search over all shots, selects the ones deemed relevant to the feature, and plays back those shots. In this paper we describe the rationale behind this system, the main components, the implementation of the search technique, and the initial user evaluation of the system.
Isolation of nematicidal polyacetylenes from Carthamus tinctorius L. (1976)

Two nematicidal polyacetylenes, 3-cis,11-trans- and 3-trans,11-trans-trideca-1,3,11-triene-5,7,9-triyne, were isolated from flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L., by column chromatography and high speed liquid chromatography under the dark condition. The nematicidal activities of 3-cis,11-trans- and 3-trans,11-trans-isomer to Aphelenchoides besseyi were 80% at 10 ppm and 95% at 1 ppm, respectively.