gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and specific recognition of glycosaminoglycans by antibodies after their separation by agarose gel electrophoresis and blotting on cetylpyridinium chloride‐treated nitrocellulose membranes (2003)

A method for the immunodetection of several natural complex polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) after their separation by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, blotting and immobilizing on nitrocellulose membranes derivatized with the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and direct and specific immunodetection by antibodies is described. This new approach is based on the principles that were used to develop the Western blot, and is applied to the separation of the glycosaminoglycans purified from normal human urine. After migration in agarose gel electrophoresis, chondroitin sulfate samples of different origin were blotted and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes treated with CPC. Immunodetection was performed using the anti-chondroitin-6-sulfate antibody that specifically recognizes intact chondroitin-6-sulfate. By calculating the ratio between the antibody staining (epitope) and alcian blue staining (mass), the epitope density expressed as a percentage, i.e., the number of repetitive epitopes per mass, was obtained. These values were in agreement with the quantitation of 6-sulfated groups of chondroitin sulfate performed by the evaluation of unsatured disaccharide-6-sulfate (DeltaDi6S) produced after treatment with chondroitinase ABC and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, immunodetection of heparan sulfate was performed using the anti-heparan sulfate antibody.
Handbook of Optical Metrology (2009)

The field of optical metrology offers a wealth of both practical and theoretical accomplishments, and can cite any number of academic papers recording such. However, while several books covering specific areas of optical metrology do exist, until the pages herein were researched, written, and compiled, the field lacked for a comprehensive handbook,
Three-Color, Tunable, Organic Light-Emitting Devices (1997)

An independently controlled, three-color, organic light-emitting device was constructed with a vertically stacked pixel architecture that allows for independent tuning of color, gray scale, and intensity. The 12-layer device structure consists of sequentially stacked layers of metal oxide, amorphous organic, crystalline organic, and metal thin films deposited by a combination of thermal evaporation and radio-frequency sputtering. Each of the three addressable colors is sufficiently bright for flat panel video display applications. A novel inverted structure is used for the middle device in the stack to lower the maximum drive voltage of the compound pixel.
Cloning and functional expression of a human neuropeptide Y/peptide YY receptor of the Y1 type. (1992)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are structurally related peptides that primarily function as neurotransmitter and gastrointestinal hormone, respectively. Previous functional and binding data have indicated the existence of at least three distinct receptor types, Y1, Y2, and Y3, for NPY and/or PYY in mammals. We describe here a human Y1 cDNA clone, hY1-5, isolated from a fetal brain library. The human Y1 receptor consists of 384 amino acids and has seven putative transmembrane domains like other members of the G-protein-coupled superfamily of receptors. In the region spanning the transmembrane domains, the Y1 receptor displays 29% sequence identity to human tachykinin receptors, but it only shows 21% and 23% homology with proposed bovine (LCR1) and Drosophila (PR4) NPY receptor clones, respectively. Northern blot analysis of a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-MC, previously used by many investigators as a model system for studies on the Y1 receptor, revealed a single 3.5-kilobase mRNA species. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated expression also in human cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, supporting the view that the Y1 receptor is associated with NPY/PYY-evoked vasoconstriction. When expressed in COS1 cells, hY1-5 conferred specific 125I-PYY binding sites with displacement patterns characteristic of the Y1 receptor, i.e. PYY greater than or equal to NPY greater than or equal to [Leu31,Pro34]NPY much greater than NPY2-36 greater than C2NPY greater than pancreatic polypeptide greater than NPY13-36 greater than NPY18-36. Moreover, in the Y1 receptor-transfected COS1 cells, but not in type 1 angiotensin II receptor-transfected control cells, NPY and PYY accelerated 45Ca2+ influx and inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, both phenomena being characteristic of the mammalian Y1 receptor.
Knowledge portals and the emerging digital knowledge workplace (2001)

A fundamental aspect of knowledge management is capturing knowledge and expertise created by knowledge workers as they go about their work and making it available to a larger community of colleagues. Technology can support these goals, and knowledge portals have emerged as a key tool for supporting knowledge work. Knowledge portals are single-point-access software systems intended to provide easy and timely access to information and to support communities of knowledge workers who share common goals. In this paper we discuss knowledge portal applications we have developed in collaboration with IBM Global Services, mainly for internal use by Global Services practitioners. We describe the role knowledge portals play in supporting knowledge work tasks and the component technologies embedded in portals, such as the gathering of distributed document information, indexing and text search, and categorization; and we discuss new functionality for future inclusion in knowledge portals. We share our experience deplo ying and maintaining portals. Finally, we describe how we view the future of knowledge portals in an expanding knowledge workplace that supports mobility, collaboration, and increasingly automated project workflow.
Overview of Incretin Hormones (2004)

Incretins are hormones released by nutrients from the GI tract. They amplify glucose-induced insulin release. By raising circulating incretin levels, oral glucose provokes a higher insulin response than that resulting from intravenous glucose. The two most important incretin hormones are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect is decreased, mainly due to loss of the GIP-regulated second phase of insulin secretion, and because of a decreased secretion of GLP-1. In addition to its insulinotropic effect, GLP-1 inhibits glucagon release, prolongs gastric emptying, and leads to decreases in body-weight, all of which explain the marked antidiabetogenic effect of this incretin hormone.
Binding and assembly of actin filaments by plasma membranes from Dictyostelium discoideum. (1986)

The binding of native, 125I-Bolton-Hunter-labeled actin to purified Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membranes was measured using a sedimentation assay. Binding was saturable only in the presence of the actin capping protein, gelsolin. In the presence of gelsolin, the amount of actin bound at saturation to three different membrane preparations was 80, 120, and 200 micrograms/mg of membrane protein. The respective concentrations of actin at half-saturation were 8, 12, and 18 micrograms/ml. The binding curves were sigmoidal, indicating positive cooperativity at low actin concentrations. This cooperativity appeared to be due to actin-actin associations during polymerization, since phalloidin converted the curve to a hyperbolic shape. In kinetic experiments, actin added as monomers bound to membranes at a rate of 0.6 microgram ml-1 min-1, while pre-polymerized actin bound at a rate of 3.0 micrograms ml-1 min-1. Even in the absence of phalloidin, actin bound to membranes at concentrations well below the normal critical concentration. This membrane-bound actin stained with rhodamine-phalloidin and was cross-linked by m-maleimidobenzoyl succinimide ester, a bifunctional cross-linker, into multimers with the same pattern observed for cross-linked F-actin. We conclude that D. discoideum plasma membranes bind actin specifically and saturably and that these membranes organize actin into filaments below the normal critical concentration for polymerization. This interaction probably occurs between multiple binding sites on the membrane and the side of the actin filament, and may be related to the clustering of membrane proteins.
The Effect of Intradermal Administration of Lidocaine and Morphine on the Response to Thermal Stimulation (1997)

Opioids appear to exert a peripheral effect by gaining access to peripheral opioid receptors.It has been proposed that inflammatory processes and highly osmotic substances could alter the perineural barrier, thereby allowing easy access to opioid receptors. Although local anesthetics do not have osmotic activity, they are highly active on neural tissue and appear to work synergistically with opioids when administered for major conduction blockade. We therefore evaluated, in a double-blind fashion, the combination of lidocaine plus morphine in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for the use of a combination of morphine plus local anesthetics in the periphery. Seven thermal stimuli in 2 degrees C increments (range 40-52 degrees C) were delivered in a random sequence by a computer-controlled thermistor to one of three pretreated sites on 10 volunteers' forearms: reference site (no injection), lidocaine site (0.1-mL intradermal injection of lidocaine 0.5%), or lidocaine plus morphine site (0.1 mL of 0.5 mg of morphine plus lidocaine 1%). Pain responses to the thermal stimuli were rated by the volunteers using the method of magnitude estimation. Pain scores indicated that the combination of lidocaine plus morphine was not more effective than lidocaine alone in attenuating the heat-induced pain. Twenty and 120 min after injection, scores at the lidocaine plus morphine site were 37% and 20% greater than those at the lidocaine site. The addition of morphine to lidocaine did not result in an improvement in the analgesic efficacy and actually had an antianalgesic effect. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:1340-3)
Interface contributions to spin relaxation in a short-period InAs/GaSb superlattice (2001)

We describe measurements and analysis of the electronic spin relaxation in a short-period InAs/GaSb superlattice. Intrinsic inversion symmetry breaking due to tetrahedral bonding at the superlattice interfaces leads to spin relaxation over an order of magnitude greater than that expected from a continuum model. We extract the inversion asymmetry of the bonding character at the two distinct interfaces in this superlattice and describe how these (and future) measurements can be used to constrain fundamental interface parameters of superlattice envelope-function models.
An Environmentally Superior Replacement for Mineral-Oil Drilling Fluids (1991)

ABSTRACT Environmental constraints have led to the development of an invert mud system which has excellent toxicity, health and safety aspects, and is biodegradable. This system is particularly suitable for North Sea use where discharges from drilling with mineral oil-base drilling fluids are limited. Based on a synthetic material as the continuous phase, this mud system gives the same high performance as that of mineral oil-base systems. This paper describes this novel mud system and focuses on the impact of its use in environmentally sensitive areas. The ratio of synthetic liquid continuous phase and aqueous phase (S/W ratio) can vary from 90/10 to 50/50 with mud weights ranging from unweighted to 18.0 ppg. The rheology parameters can be altered with rheology modifiers to give increased low-shear-rate viscosities for enhanced hole cleaning capabilities. Huxley-Bertram HTHP viscometer data shows good stability of the system under downhole conditions. Additional work indicates this system has reduced gas solubility, better lubricity, and lower retention on cuttings when compared to mineral oil-base muds. Favorable toxicity data, bioaccumulation studies, and biodegradation work have been compiled for both the synthetic material and mud system. U.K. toxicity tests give highly acceptable values. These results, along with the bioaccumulation data, have led the U.K. Department of Energy (DEn) to assign the system a Category 0 classification under its Chemical Notification Scheme. Likewise, the Norwegian government agency (SFT) has agreed to permit this system to be used on a field trial basis. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering its use, and subsequent discharge of cuttings, for Gulf of Mexico drilling.
Patterned Differentiation of Individual Embryoid Bodies in Spatially Organized 3D Hybrid Microgels (2010)

A microengineered hybrid hydrogel array is developed containing asymmetrical extracellular matrices [polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)] to mimic the anisotropic stem cell niche and induce the patterned differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs). The asymmetrical matrices around individual aggregate of mouse EBs induce polarity and demonstrate the potential of microscale engineered materials for forming tissues.
Antibody to a novel 95-kDa surface glycoprotein on human B cells induces calcium mobilization and B cell activation. (1988)

These findings characterize a 95-kDa glycoprotein on the surface of B lymphocytes recognized by the mAb G28-8. This protein (designated Bgp95), previously classified as a CD39 molecule, is unique based on functional, cell distribution, and immunochemical criteria. Biochemical analyses revealed that Bgp95 is a 95-kDa glycoprotein with N-linked carbohydrate and is reduced to about 70-kDa after treatment with endoglycopeptidase F. In functional studies, stimulation by G28-8 mAb or its F(ab')2 fragments induced a G0 to G1 cell cycle transition and was synergistic with PMA, anti-mu, or anti-CDw40 in stimulating proliferation of resting B cells. G28-8 mAb also could induce increases of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in a subpopulation of tonsillar or peripheral blood B cells. The G28-8 mAb alone induced a steady increase in [Ca2+]i detectable even 1 h after stimulation. Cross-linking the G28-8 mAb with a second mAb specific for murine kappa light chains induced a more rapid increase of [Ca2+]i which peaked at 10 to 20 min and then declined. At 1 h after stimulation, [Ca2+]i was higher in B cells stimulated with G28-8 alone than in B cells stimulated with G28-8 plus anti-kappa. The same conditions of cross-linking with the anti-kappa which increased the kinetics of the [Ca2+]i response decreased the proliferative response which otherwise followed co-incubation of the mAb with B cell growth factor or PMA. Thus, conditions leading to rapid but transient [Ca2+]i increase via Bgp95 may not be as effective at stimulating B cell proliferation as conditions favoring a slower prolonged [Ca2+]i response. Although the Bgp95 molecule is present on activated buoyant tonsillar B cells, mAb to Bgp95 did not trigger [Ca2+]i increases in these cells. These results suggest that the Bgp95 protein may function in early B cell activation and that its signal mechanisms are altered by the activation state of the cell.
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review and Implications for Oncology Nursing Practice (2007)

Advances in supportive care have increased the likelihood that previously less common adverse effects of chemotherapy will be more evident. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is increasing because more neurotoxic drugs have been developed and because patients are living longer and receiving multiple chemotherapy regimens. This article reviews the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, the proposed mechanisms of CIPN, and manifestations of CIPN from vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and platinum analogs. Major topics of this article are evidence-based data regarding symptom management, a review of medical management, and a synthesis of nursing care for patients at risk for or experiencing CIPN.
Inhibition of the function of class IIa HDACs by blocking their interaction with MEF2 (2012)

Enzymes that modify the epigenetic status of cells provide attractive targets for therapy in various diseases. The therapeutic development of epigenetic modulators, however, has been largely limited to direct targeting of catalytic active site conserved across multiple members of an enzyme family, which complicates mechanistic studies and drug development. Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of epigenetic enzymes that depends on interaction with Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 (MEF2) for their recruitment to specific genomic loci. Targeting this interaction presents an alternative approach to inhibiting this class of HDACs. We have used structural and functional approaches to identify and characterize a group of small molecules that indirectly target class IIa HDACs by blocking their interaction with MEF2 on DNA.Weused X-ray crystallography and (19)F NMRto show that these compounds directly bind to MEF2. We have also shown that the small molecules blocked the recruitment of class IIa HDACs to MEF2-targeted genes to enhance the expression of those targets. These compounds can be used as tools to study MEF2 and class IIa HDACs in vivo and as leads for drug development.
Nuclear spin relaxation mechanisms and mobility of gases in polymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear spin relaxation mechanisms and mobility of gases in polymersE. J. Cain, Wen Yang. Wen, R. D. Jost, X. Liu, Z. P. Dong, A. A. Jones, and P. T. InglefieldCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 5, 2128–2135Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100368a072https://doi.org/10.1021/j100368a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thematic review series: Lipid Posttranslational Modifications. GPI anchoring of protein in yeast and mammalian cells, or: how we learned to stop worrying and love glycophospholipids (2007)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of cell surface proteins is the most complex and metabolically expensive of the lipid posttranslational modifications described to date. The GPI anchor is synthesized via a membrane-bound multistep pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requiring >20 gene products. The pathway is initiated on the cytoplasmic side of the ER and completed in the ER lumen, necessitating flipping of a glycolipid intermediate across the membrane. The completed GPI anchor is attached to proteins that have been translocated across the ER membrane and that display a GPI signal anchor sequence at the C terminus. GPI proteins transit the secretory pathway to the cell surface; in yeast, many become covalently attached to the cell wall. Genes encoding proteins involved in all but one of the predicted steps in the assembly of the GPI precursor glycolipid and its transfer to protein in mammals and yeast have now been identified. Most of these genes encode polytopic membrane proteins, some of which are organized in complexes. The steps in GPI assembly, and the enzymes that carry them out, are highly conserved. GPI biosynthesis is essential for viability in yeast and for embryonic development in mammals. In this review, we describe the biosynthesis of mammalian and yeast GPIs, their transfer to protein, and their subsequent processing.
Exploring the Hydroxylation−Dehydrogenation Connection:  Novel Catalytic Activity of Castor Stearoyl-ACP Δ9 Desaturase (2002)

The novel product profile obtained by incubating chiral fluorinated substrate analogues with castor stearoyl-ACP Delta(9) desaturase has been rationalized through a series of labeling studies. It was found that the introduction of the Z-double bond between C-9 and C-10 of the parent substrate occurs with pro-R enantioselectivity--a result that accounts for the observed stereochemistry of oxidation products derived from (9R)- and (9S)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP. Oxidation of (9R)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP occurs via at least two rapidly interchanging substrate conformations in the active site as detected by reaction pathway branching induced by deuteration at C-10 and C-11. Hydroxylation and desaturation of this substrate share the same site of initial oxidative attack.
IL‐23 leads to diabetes induction after subdiabetogenic treatment with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (2005)

IL-23, a proximal regulator of IL-17, may be a major driving force in the induction of autoimmune inflammation. We have used a model of subdiabetogenic treatment with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ; 4 x 40 mg/kg body weight) in male C57BL/6 mice to study the effect of IL-23 on immune-mediated beta cell damage and the development of diabetes, as evaluated by blood glucose, quantitative histology, immunohistochemistry and expression of relevant cytokines in the islets. Ten daily injections of 400 ng IL-23, starting on the first day of MLD-STZ administration led to significant and sustained hyperglycemia along with weight loss compared with controls (no IL-23), and a significant increase in the number of infiltrating cells, a lower insulin content, enhanced apoptosis, expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 (not seen in the controls) and a significant increase in the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-18 in the pancreatic islets. IL-23 treatment started 5 days prior to MLD-STZ administration had no effect on diabetogenesis or cytokines expression in the pancreatic islets. We provide the first evidence in an animal model that IL-23 is involved in the development of type-1 diabetes, by inducing IL-17 and possibly IFN-gamma production in the target tissue.
Teflon Injection in Female Stress Incontinence. Effect on Urethral Pressure Profile and Flow Rate (1988)

Thirty-six females with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) were treated by bladder neck teflon injection. Urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and uroflowmetry were performed both pre- and post-operatively on 18 patients. In 24 patients who were either completely cured or improved by this procedure, the mean urine flow rate was reduced by 23% and the mean functional profile length increased by 9% compared with pre-operative values. Although these findings appear to explain the mechanism by which teflon improves continence, these differences were not statistically significant. Fourteen of the 18 patients who had not responded to previous anti-incontinence procedures were successfully treated by teflon injection. The improved response rate in these patients was not statistically significant. It was not possible to predict with certainty those patients most likely to respond to teflon injection. However, in women with normal or near normal pelvic floor anatomy the procedure had an acceptable success rate. In view of the simplicity, lack of morbidity and the ease with which it can be performed and repeated, bladder neck teflon injection deserves consideration as an alternative, particularly where open surgery has failed.