gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA antagonists - a new class of antisense drugs (2005)

The locked nucleic acid (LNA) chemistry brings truly stunning affinity and high biostability to the world of nucleic acids. In turn, these features enable the design of shorter-than-usual oligos that exhibit unprecedented potency, good specificity, high biostability, good biodistribution, and low toxicity. Such LNA-oligos have been termed RNA antagonists to signal the strong belief that they will transform antisense therapy into a robust drug platform. It is further expected that this new class of drugs will be compatible with less frequent and more convenient dosing regimens than those currently employed with first generation DNA/sub PS/-oligos (DNA-oligos based on phosphorothioate chemistry). For instance, their enhanced biostability may well enable weekly, or even biweekly, dosing. Likewise, the apparent absence of acute toxicities associated with therapeutically sized DNA/sub PS/-oligos may well enable RNA antagonists to be administered by direct bolus injection by healthcare professionals or even by the patients themselves.
A new robust adaptive beamformer for enhancing speech corrupted with colored noise (2008)

In this paper, a new adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for enhancing a speech signal degraded by additive colored noise signals in reverberant environment. The good performance of the standard GSC beamformer is severely impaired in complicated acoustic environments. The proposed beamformer uses a new adaptive blocking matrix, which consists of linear prediction error filters (LPEFs) and a multi-channel noise canceller using adaptive noise estimation filters (ANEFs). The new adaptive blocking matrix exploits the stationary characteristics of the speech signal over a short interval of time. Thus most of speech signal can be predicted by the linear prediction filters in the blocking matrix. On the other hand, the background noise signals becomes white. While the ANEFs in the multi-channel noise canceller reconstructs the background noise signals from whitened noise signals. Simulation results, in a noisy and reverberant environment with 0.3s reverberation time, show that the proposed beamformer produces results that are significantly favorable than standard GSC beamformer. Moreover, the proposed beamformer has been implemented in a real-time in a real environment using National Instruments NI-PXI-1042Q controller system and data acquisition card PXI-4472.
CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF 9-METHYLENEACRIDANS IN MICELLAR AND MEMBRANOUS SYSTEMS (1981)

Abstract Chemiluminescence of a 1,2-dioxetane derived from 9-methylene-10-dodecylacridan was not detected in aqueous solution but was detected in micellar and membranous systems. The quantum yield and the rate of the chemiluminescence decay in the membranous (2C1615G and 2C1630G) system were affected by the chain melting transition. The results indicate that the chemiluminescence is sensitively affected by the microenvironmental effect.
Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH Oxidoreductase Homologs Confer Tolerance of Yeasts toward the Thiol-oxidizing Drug Diamide (1995)

To isolate new plant genes involved in the defense against oxidative stress, an Arabidopsis cDNA library in a yeast expression vector was transformed into a yeast strain deficient in the YAP1 gene, which encodes a b-Zip transcription factor and regulates general stress response in yeasts. Cells from approximately 10(5) primary transformants were subjected to a tolerance screen toward the thiol-oxidizing drug diamide, which depletes the reduced glutathione in the cell. Four types of Arabidopsis cDNAs were isolated. Three of these cDNAs (P1, P2, and P4) belong to a plant zeta-crystallin family and P3 is an Arabidopsis homolog of isoflavonoid reductases. As such, all four isolated cDNAs are homologous to NADPH oxidoreductases. P1, P2, and P3 steady-state mRNAs accumulated rapidly in Arabidopsis plants under various oxidative stress conditions, such as treatment with paraquat, t-butylhydroperoxide, diamide, and menadione. The data suggested that proteins encoded by the isolated cDNAs play a distinct role in plant antioxidant defense and are possibly involved in NAD(P)/NAD(P)H homeostasis.
MyD88-mediated signals induce the bactericidal lectin RegIIIγ and protect mice against intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection (2007)

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that causes systemic infection by traversing the intestinal mucosa. Although MyD88-mediated signals are essential for defense against systemic L. monocytogenes infection, the role of Toll-like receptor and MyD88 signaling in intestinal immunity against this pathogen has not been defined. We show that clearance of L. monocytogenes from the lumen of the distal small intestine is impaired in MyD88(-/-) mice. The distal ileum of wild-type (wt) mice expresses high levels of RegIII gamma, which is a bactericidal lectin that is secreted into the bowel lumen, whereas RegIII gamma expression in MyD88(-/-) mice is nearly undetectable. In vivo depletion of RegIII gamma from the small intestine of wt mice diminishes killing of luminal L. monocytogenes, whereas reconstitution of MyD88-deficient mice with recombinant RegIII gamma enhances intestinal bacterial clearance. Experiments with bone marrow chimeric mice reveal that MyD88-mediated signals in nonhematopoietic cells induce RegIII gamma expression in the small intestine, thereby enhancing bacterial killing. Our findings support a model of MyD88-mediated epithelial conditioning that protects the intestinal mucosa against bacterial invasion by inducing RegIII gamma.
Affective touch gesture recognition for a furry zoomorphic machine (2013)

Over the last decade, the surprising fact has emerged that machines can possess therapeutic power. Due to the many healing qualities of touch, one route to such power is through haptic emotional interaction, which requires sophisticated touch sensing and interpretation. We explore the development of touch recognition technologies in the context of a furry artificial lap-pet, with the ultimate goal of creating therapeutic interactions by sensing human emotion through touch. In this work, we build upon a previous design for a new type of fur-based touch sensor. Here, we integrate our fur sensor with a piezoresistive fabric location/pressure sensor, and adapt the combined design to cover a curved creature-like object. We then use this interface to collect synchronized time-series data from the two sensors, and perform machine learning analysis to recognize 9 key affective touch gestures. In a study of 16 participants, our model averages 94% recognition accuracy when trained on individuals, and 86% when applied to the combined set of all participants. The model can also recognize which participant is touching the prototype with 79% accuracy. These results promise a new generation of emotionally intelligent machines, enabled by affective touch gesture recognition.
Statistical Modeling of 4D Respiratory Lung Motion Using Diffeomorphic Image Registration (2010)

Modeling of respiratory motion has become increasingly important in various applications of medical imaging (e.g., radiation therapy of lung cancer). Current modeling approaches are usually confined to intra-patient registration of 3D image data representing the individual patient's anatomy at different breathing phases. We propose an approach to generate a mean motion model of the lung based on thoracic 4D computed tomography (CT) data of different patients to extend the motion modeling capabilities. Our modeling process consists of three steps: an intra-subject registration to generate subject-specific motion models, the generation of an average shape and intensity atlas of the lung as anatomical reference frame, and the registration of the subject-specific motion models to the atlas in order to build a statistical 4D mean motion model (4D-MMM). Furthermore, we present methods to adapt the 4D mean motion model to a patient-specific lung geometry. In all steps, a symmetric diffeomorphic nonlinear intensity-based registration method was employed. The Log-Euclidean framework was used to compute statistics on the diffeomorphic transformations. The presented methods are then used to build a mean motion model of respiratory lung motion using thoracic 4D CT data sets of 17 patients. We evaluate the model by applying it for estimating respiratory motion of ten lung cancer patients. The prediction is evaluated with respect to landmark and tumor motion, and the quantitative analysis results in a mean target registration error (TRE) of 3.3 ±1.6 mm if lung dynamics are not impaired by large lung tumors or other lung disorders (e.g., emphysema). With regard to lung tumor motion, we show that prediction accuracy is independent of tumor size and tumor motion amplitude in the considered data set. However, tumors adhering to non-lung structures degrade local lung dynamics significantly and the model-based prediction accuracy is lower in these cases. The statistical respiratory motion model is capable of providing valuable prior knowledge in many fields of applications. We present two examples of possible applications in radiation therapy and image guided diagnosis.
Effect of long‐term oral testosterone undecanoate treatment on prostate volume and serum prostate‐specific antigen concentration in eugonadal middle‐aged men (1993)

Testosterone undecanoate (160 mg/day) or placebo was given orally in a double-blind fashion for 8 months to 23 middle-aged men without urinary tract symptoms. Testosterone was found to increase the mean prostate volume by 12% (P < .012). The treatment suppressed the serum concentrations of sex-hormone-binding globulin and follicle stimulating hormone. The observed decrease in the mean serum concentration of luteinizing hormone was not statistically significant. The serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen did not change as measured by two different well-validated immunometric assays. No changes in micturition habits or urine flow charts were reported.
Air flow assisted ionization for remote sampling of ambient mass spectrometry and its application (2011)

Ambient ionization methods are an important research area in mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Under ambient conditions, the gas flow and atmospheric pressure significantly affect the transfer and focusing of ions. The design and implementation of air flow assisted ionization (AFAI) as a novel and effective, remote sampling method for ambient mass spectrometry are described herein. AFAI benefits from a high extracting air flow rate. A systematic investigation of the extracting air flow in the AFAI system has been carried out, and it has been demonstrated not only that it plays a role in the effective capture and remote transport of charged droplets, but also that it promotes desolvation and ion formation, and even prevents ion fragmentation during the ionization process. Moreover, the sensitivity of remote sampling ambient MS analysis was improved significantly by the AFAI method. Highly polar and nonpolar molecules, including dyes, pharmaceutical samples, explosives, drugs of abuse, protein and volatile compounds, have been successfully analyzed using AFAI-MS. The successful application of the technique to residue detection on fingers, large object analysis and remote monitoring in real time indicates its potential for the analysis of a variety of samples, especially large objects. The ability to couple this technique with most commercially available MS instruments with an API interface further enhances its broad applicability.
Safety, tolerability, acceptability and immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine delivered to human skin by a novel high-density microprojection array patch (Nanopatch™) (2018)

Influenza vaccination using the NP appeared to be safe, and acceptable in this first time in humans study, and induced similar immune responses to vaccination by IM injection.
Inherited Variation in the Androgen Pathway Is Associated With the Efficacy of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer (2008)

This report is the first to examine the influence of inherited variation in the androgen metabolic pathway on the efficacy of ADT, establishing the importance of pharmacogenomics on individual's response to this therapy. At least two potential clinical benefits may be realized from this study. The first is prognostic -genotyping patients at these loci may yield important information that could improve efficacy prediction. The second is therapeutic -these results shed light on the pathways that govern response to ADT. Drugs could be developed (or may already exist) to inhibit or augment these targets to improve ADT efficacy.
Interaction of saponins with red blood cells as well as with the phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes. (1979)

Various purified saponins were examined for their lytic activities against mammalian erythrocytes and their activities to interact with liposomal membranes, and were classified into at least five categories according to their reactivities. 1. Digitonin, F-gitonin, dioscin and paris saponin Pa : These saponins showed hemolytic activity and induced permeability change in liposomal membranes containing cholesterol. The interaction of these saponins with cholesterol was "irreversible". The interaction was independent of acyl chain lengths of phosphatidylcholine. 2. Gracillin : This saponin showed hemolytic activity but did not induce permeability change of liposomal membrane with cholesterol, except those containing distearoyllecithin. The interaction of gracillin with cholesterol was "irreversible". 3. Akebia saponin B, C, PD and PG : These showed hemolytic activities and induced the permeability changes of liposomes with cholesterol. Their activities to induce permeability changes were affected by chain length of phosphatidylcholine. With increase of chain length, the sensitivity of liposomes toward these saponins decreased. The interaction of saponins with cholesterol was "reversible". 4. Chikusetsusaponin III : This saponin has a weak lytic activity against erythrocytes and has the activity to induce permeability change of liposomes without cholesterol. Cholesterol in the phosphatidylcholine liposomes depressed the sensitivity of the liposomal membrane to the saponin. 5. Chikusetsusaponin V and akebia saponin E and Pk : These compounds ("bisdesmosidisch") showed neither detectable activity to lyse erythrocytes nor to damage liposomal membranes. liposomal membranes.
Large area polycrystalline silicon solar cells on unidirectionally solidified acid-treated metallurgical grade silicon (2003)

Large-area polycrystalline silicon solar cells were prepared by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a p/sup +/-n junction using the hydrogen reduction of trichlorosilane. The substrate was prepared by melting and then unidirectionally solidifying fine-grain metallurgical-grade silicon on a graphite plate. The starting silicon was purified by continuous heating with aqua regia under reflux conditions, and the gettered by heating at 1050 degrees C with P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ prior to recrystallization. The front contact to the cell was formed by the vacuum deposition of a Ti/Ag film through a metal mask. The graphite was the back contact. An antireflection coating of SnO/sub 2/ was deposited by CVD. The cells were characterized by measuring the cell efficiency, short-circuit current spectral response, and minority carrier diffusion length. Heat treatment at 900 degrees C in hydrogen further improved the cell response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fractionated extract of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb, potentiates LAK cell cytotoxicity generated by a low dose of recombinant interleukin-2. (1988)

Success with rIL-2 immunotherapy of human cancer appears to depend on the administration of high doses which are frequently associated with excessive toxicity. Future use of rIL-2 will require certain modifications based on the use of lower doses of rIL-2 without significant loss of antitumor efficacy. We tested in vitro the possibility of potentiating the activity of rIL-2 in terms of LAK cell generation. We hypothesized that co-incubation of LAK cell precursors with a Chinese herbal extract (F3) of Astragalus membranaceus, (an immune modulator currently under study in our laboratory), along with a low concentration of rIL-2, would generate levels of LAK cell activity equivalent to those generated by high concentrations of rIL-2 alone. We found (1) a 10-fold potentiation of rIL-2 activity manifested by tumor cell-killing activity of 80% resulting from LAK cell generation with F3 plus 100 u/ml of rIL-2 versus 76% generated by 1,000 u/ml of rIL-2 alone; (2) a significant reduction in the number of effector LAK cells required for equicytotoxic reaction following LAK cell generation with F3 plus rIL-2 compared to rIL-2 alone. We conclude that potentiation of antitumor activity mediated by rIL-2 in low concentrations is possible by the concomitant use of another immune modulator such as Astragalus membranaceus.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Class of 4‘-Substituted 16-Membered Ring Macrolides Derived from Tylosin (2004)

Novel 4'-substituted 16-membered ring macrolides were synthesized by the cleavage of the mycarose sugar of tylosin and subsequent modification of 4'-hydroxyl group. This new class of macrolide antibiotics exhibited potent activity against some key erythromycin-resistant pathogens.
Parathyroid Hormone Stimulates TRANCE and Inhibits Osteoprotegerin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Murine Bone Marrow Cultures: Correlation with Osteoclast-Like Cell Formation* (1999)

We studied the effects of PTH on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF kappaB (RANK) messenger RNA (mRNA) in cultured murine bone marrow, calvaria, and osteoblasts. TRANCE, OPG, and RANK are recently identified regulators of osteoclast formation. Bone marrow cells were cultured with or without PTH(1-34) for 6 days. TRANCE, OPG, and RANK mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. In 6-day cultures, PTH stimulated the number of OCL/well in a dose-dependent manner. A time course showed significant (P < 0.01) increases in OCL/well after 24 h of PTH (100 ng/ml). TRANCE mRNA expression, like OCL formation, increased dose dependently and was maximal, with 10-100 ng/ml PTH. In contrast, OPG mRNA expression was decreased by 0.1 ng/ml PTH (40%) and completely abolished by 1 ng/ml. TRANCE mRNA expression was rapidly stimulated by PTH (maximal response at 1 h, 8.1-fold over control). Expression declined by 40% at 24 h but was still much greater than control at 6 days (4.6-fold) in a time-course study. PTH caused a transient stimulation of OPG mRNA at 1 h (2-fold), which returned to basal levels by 2 h. After 6 h, PTH completely inhibited OPG mRNA. There were only minor effects of PTH on RANK mRNA expression. PTH had less potent effects on TRANCE and OPG mRNA expression in calvaria organ cultures and osteoblasts. In mouse calvaria cultures, TRANCE expression was detectable in controls and was increased 2.9-fold by PTH at 24 h. PTH treatment of calvaria decreased OPG expression by 30% at 6 h. MC3T3 E-1 osteoblastic cells expressed minimal levels of TRANCE mRNA either before or after PTH treatment. OPG mRNA was present in MC3T3 E-1 cells, but levels were not modulated by PTH. In primary osteoblastic cells, PTH stimulated TRANCE mRNA expression 4-fold at 2 h and inhibited OPG mRNA expression by 46%. These results demonstrate a tight correlation between the ability of PTH to stimulate OCL formation in marrow culture and expression of TRANCE (r = 0.87, P < or = 0.05) and OPG mRNA (r = -0.88, P < or = 0.05). Reciprocal regulation of TRANCE and OPG mRNA by PTH preceded its effects on OCL formation by 18-23 h. Hence, it is likely that PTH regulates bone resorption, at least in part, via its effects on TRANCE and OPG expression.
Hyperosmotic Stress and Elevated pCO 2 Alter Monoclonal Antibody Charge Distribution and Monosaccharide Content (2002)

Medium osmolality increases with pCO2 at constant pH. Elevated pCO2 and osmolality inhibit hybridoma growth to similar extents in both serum-containing and serum-free media. The combination of osmolality and elevated pCO2 synergizes to negatively impact cell growth. IgG2a glycosylation by hybridoma cells was evaluated under elevated pCO2 (to 250 mmHg pCO2) and/or osmolality (to 476 mOsm/kg). IgG2a site occupancy did not change significantly under any of the conditions studied, which is consistent with the robust glycosylation of other antibodies produced under various environmental stresses. However, changes were observed in the IgG2a charge distribution. Changes in the isoelectric point (pI) were greater under hyperosmotic stress, increasing by 0.32 and 0.41 pH units at 435 mOsm/kg in serum-containing and serum-free medium, respectively. Hyperosmotic stress also resulted in a concomitant increase in the heterogeneity of the charge distribution. The mean pI in serum-containing medium decreased by 0.16 pH units at 250 mmHg pCO2 when osmolality was controlled at 320 mOsm/kg but increased by 0.20 pH units when the osmolality increased with pCO2 (195 mmHg pCO2-435 mOsm/kg). In serum-free medium, elevated pCO2 did not alter pI, regardless of medium osmolality. In contrast to elevated osmolality at control pCO2, elevated pCO2 did not significantly alter the IgG2a charge heterogeneity under any of the conditions studied. The IgG2a was not sialylated, so sialylation changes were not responsible for changes in the charge distribution. IgG2a galactose content decreased with elevated osmolality, as a result of either elevated NaHCO3 or NaCl. However, when osmolality was controlled at elevated pCO2, the galactose content tended to increase. The mannose content decreased with increasing stress, while the fucose content remained relatively unchanged. It is likely that the observed increases in the pI of murine IgG2a were due to increased organellar pH, which is reflected by increased specific beta-galactosidase activity in the supernatant.
Antinociceptive Activity of the Ethanolic Extract, Fractions, and Aggregatin D Isolated from Sinningia aggregata Tubers (2015)

The present study investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract (ESa), fractions, and compounds isolated from Sinningia aggregata in male Swiss mice on carrageenan-induced paw edema, neutrophil migration, mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin-induced nociception, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. The ESa did not alter edema, neutrophil migration, or fever at any of the doses tested. However, the ESa reduced phase II of formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions and aggregatin D (AgD; isolated from the EA fraction) reduced formalin-induced nociception. Anthraquinones from the PE fraction were ineffective. AgD also inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Neither the ESa nor AgD altered thermal nociception or motor performance. Local administration of AgD also reduced hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, prostaglandin E2, and dopamine but not hyperalgesia induced by forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The positive control dipyrone reduced the response induced by all of the stimuli. Additionally, glibenclamide abolished the analgesic effect of dipyrone but not the one induced by AgD. AgD did not change lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by macrophages or the nociception induced by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidified saline, or menthol. These results suggest that the ESa has important antinociceptive activity, and this activity results at least partially from the presence of AgD. AgD reduced mechanical hyperalgesia induced by several inflammatory mediators through mechanisms that are different from classic analgesic drugs.