gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Design of Stacked-FET Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifiers (2013)

Stacked field-effect transistor (FET) CMOS millimeter-wave power amplfiers (PAs) are studied with a focus on design of appropriate complex impedances between the transistors. The stacking of multiple FETs allows increasing the supply voltage, which, in turn, allows higher output power and a broader bandwidth output matching network. Different matching techniques for the intermediate nodes are analyzed and used in two-, three-, and four-stack single-stage Q-band CMOS PAs. A four-stack amplifier design achieves a saturated output power greater than 21 dBm while achieving a maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) greater than 20% from 38 to 47 GHz. The effectiveness of an inductive tuning technique is demonstrated in measurement, improving the PAE from 26% to 32% in a two-stack PA design. The input and output matching networks are designed using on-chip shielded coplanar waveguide transmission lines, as well as metal finger capacitors. The amplifiers were implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator process. Each of the amplifiers occupies an area of 600 μm × 500 μm including pads.
Combinatorial ‘library on bead’ approach to polymeric materials with vastly enhanced chiral recognition (1998)

A general screening method for enantiomer recognition is introduced for the rapid preparation of novel chiral stationary phases for HPLC in which libraries of mixed chiral selectors are immobilized on polymer beads and the resulting chiral phases tested in the separation of racemic targets followed by deconvolution to afford an optimized separation medium.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Induces Thrombopoietin From Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Which Stimulates the Expression of TGF-β Receptor on Megakaryocytes and, in Turn, Renders Them Susceptible to Suppression by TGF-β Itself With High Specificity (1999)

Abstract The present study was designed to test the concept that platelets release a humoral factor that plays a regulatory role in megakaryopoiesis. The results showed that, among various hematoregulatory cytokines examined, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was by far the most potent enhancer of mRNA expression of bone marrow stromal thrombopoietin (TPO), a commitment of lineage specificity. The TPO, in turn, induced TGF-β receptors I and II on megakaryoblasts at the midmegakaryopoietic stage; at this stage, TGF-β1 was able to arrest the maturation of megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg). This effect was relatively specific when compared with its effect on burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) or colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM). In patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the levels of both TGF-β1 and stromal TPO mRNA were correlatively increased and an arrest of megakaryocyte maturation was observed. These in vivo findings are in accord with the aforementioned in vitro results. Thus, the results of the present investigation suggest that TGF-β1 is one of the pathophysiological feedback regulators of megakaryopoiesis.
Spectinomycin interacts specifically with the residues G1064and C1192in 16S rRNA, thereby potentially freezing this molecule into an inactive conformation (1994)

The upper stem of helix 34, consisting of the base-paired sequences C1063G1064U1065 and A1191C1192G1193, is suggested to be involved in the binding of spectinomycin. In E. coli 16S rRNA, each of the three mutations at position C1192 confers resistance to spectinomycin. In chloroplast ribosomes from tobacco plants and algae, resistance is conferred by single mutations at positions 1064, 1191, and 1193 (E. coli numbering). Since each of these mutations disrupt any of the three basepairs in the upper stem of helix 34, it has been postulated that spectinomycin can bind to this region and inhibit protein synthesis, only if its nucleotides are basepaired. We have tested this hypothesis by introducing disruptive and compensatory mutations that alter the basepair G1064-C1192. Using the specialized ribosome system, the translational activity of such mutants was determined, in the absence and presence of spectinomycin. We show that any of the three disruptive mutations A1064, C1064, and U1064 confer resistance, in accordance with the model for spectinomycin binding. Compensatory mutations A1064U1192, C1064G1192, and U1064A1192, however, maintained the resistance. This indicates that a basepaired conformation as such is not sufficient for spectinomycin binding, but rather that a G-C pair at positions 1064 and 1192 is required. In addition, we find that the translational activity of specialized ribosomes containing the mutations C1064G1192 is 5-fold lower compared to that of ribosomes containing any of the other mutations introduced, regardless whether spectinomycin is present or not. Since the introduction of C1064G1192 is expected to increase the stability of the upper stem of helix 34, we suggest that these mutations impair ribosome function by preventing the (transient) disruption of the upper stem. By analogy, we speculate that spectinomycin blocks protein synthesis by stabilizing the upper stem. In both cases, the 30S subunit would be frozen into an inactive conformation.
Association of A31P and A74T Polymorphisms in the Myosin Binding Protein C3 Gene and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Maine Coon and Other Breed Cats (2010)

The value of currently available genetic tests is low in the cats of this study. The mutations analyzed appear to have a low penetrance, and even homozygote cats can remain healthy.
The 801 minicomputer (1982)

This paper provides an overview of an experimental system developed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. It consists of a running hardware prototype, a control program and an optimizing compiler. The basic concepts underlying the system are discussed as are the performance characteristics of the prototype. In particular, three principles are examined:
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Involving Reactions of Alkynes with Group 9 Metals (Ir, Rh, Co): Preparation of Conjugated Olefins (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of IL-6 by human myoblasts stimulated with Aβ (2001)

Cultured muscle cells increase the constitutive production of IL-6 in response to local deposition of Abeta in sporadic IBM. IL-6 could be a CD8(+) proliferation and differentiation agent, an autocrine proteolysis-inducing factor of damaged myotubes, and a proliferation-stimulating agent for satellite cells to replace the destroyed myofibers in IBM.
Biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression. (1994)

In search of biomarkers that predict of human prostate cancer progression, we hypothesized that these markers must be expressed in prostatic epithelial cells during multi-step prostate carcinogenesis. Since both genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated in human prostate cancer development, two osseous-metastatic experimental models were developed in our laboratory, one based on gene transfection and the other on stromal-epithelial interaction studies. In the genetic model, PC-3 cells transfected with point-mutated c-erbB-2/neu oncogene subsequently acquired the potential to metastasize from the prostate to soft tissues and the skeleton. In the epigenetic model, sublines derived from the parental androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line metastasized from the primary tumor to the lymph node and bone. Cells with known lineage relationships were cloned from both the primary and the metastatic tumors and were characterized extensively using cellular, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Relevant stage-specific biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression in these two models were defined and used to evaluate human prostate tissues obtained from the clinic. In this communication, we focused our discussion on the potential importance of c-erbB-2/neu oncogene, vimentin, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and its receptor, c-met oncogene, tumor angiogenesis and neuroendocrine factors as biomarkers for human prostate cancer progression.
A dimensão epistemológica da ciência da informação e seu impacto sobre o ensino em arquivologia e biblioteconomia (2008)

Epistemology is the study of the possibility and nature of human knowledge and, as agencies that are concerned with the records of that knowledge; now in both electronic and paper media it seems reasonable to explore the epistemology of library and information work and education for the information occupations. It is clear that, whatever our understanding of the way in which knowledge is created among humans, the records of that knowledge have some 'real' existence - knowledge, that is, what is in the intellectual apparatus of the individual (or 'between two ears' as Drucker puts it) may be socially constructed, but what can be recorded of that knowledge, that is, what we otherwise call 'information', takes a 'real' form. The 'real' form may be difficult to see, as in the case of the symbols cut by a laser on a CD-ROM, or the bits recorded on a hard disc, but they are there. This paper will consider the consequences of a realist epistemology for library and archival science and for education in these fields.
Long-term effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on haemostatic variables and bleeding episodes in patients with coronary artery disease (1995)

The long-term effects of fish-oil supplementation on haemostatic parameters and bleeding episodes were investigated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. They were investigated before and 9 months after the operation. Following randomization postoperatively, 260 patients received 4 g fish-oil concentrate per day, whereas 251 patients comprised the control group. All patients received either aspirin (300 mg/day) or warfarin (international normalized ratio aimed at 2.5-4.2). Compliance was affirmed by determination of serum phospholipid fatty acids. No excess of bleeding episodes could be attributed to the use of fish oil, given in addition to either aspirin or warfarin. The supplementation of fish oil did not affect the bleeding time or plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, whereas an increase in the platelet count after the operation was slightly less pronounced in the fish-oil group. Apart from a small increase in PAI-1 antigen of borderline significance, no long-term effects by fish oil on parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis were seen.
Pore induction in human epidermal membrane during low to moderate voltage iontophoresis: A study using AC iontophoresis (1999)

The present study aimed to investigate new pore induction as a flux-enhancing mechanism in human epidermal membrane (HEM) with low to moderate voltage electric fields. The extent of pore induction and the effective pore sizes of these induced pores were to be assessed using a low frequency (12.5 Hz) low to moderate voltage (2. 0 to 4.0 V) square-wave alternating current (ac) "passive" permeation method (ac iontophoresis). This ac approach was to allow for inducing and sustaining a state of pore induction in HEM while permitting no significant transport enhancement via electroosmosis; thus, transport enhancement entirely due to new pore induction (enhanced passive permeation) was to be assessed without any contributions from electroosmosis. Good proportionality between the increase in HEM permeability and its electrical conductance was found with the "passive" transport data obtained during square-wave ac iontophoresis using urea as the model permeant. Typically, at 3.0 to 4.0 V, HEM conductance increases (and permeability increases) ranged from around 3- to 30-fold. These results appear to be the first direct evidence that new pore induction in HEM is a significant flux enhancing mechanism under moderate voltage conditions. The extents of pore induction in HEM under low frequency moderate voltage (2.0 to 3.0 V) ac, pulsed direct current (dc), and continuous dc were also compared. The extents of pore induction from square-wave ac and pulsed dc were generally of the same order of magnitude but somewhat less than that observed during continuous dc iontophoresis at the same applied voltage and duration, suggesting less extent of pore induction with reversing polarity or when a brief delay is provided between pulses to allow for membrane depolarization. The average effective pore sizes calculated for the induced pores from the experimental data with urea and mannitol as probe permeants and the hindered transport theory were 12 +/- 2 A, which are of the same order of magnitude as those of preexisting pores determined from conventional passive diffusion experiments.
Evaluation of Laryngeal Function after Implantation of the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Device (2003)

Precise vagus nerve measurements and electrode selection appear to decrease the incidence of nerve compression injury and TVC immobility.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for human interlenkin 1 alpha (1986)

Nucleic Acids Research, 14,3167–3179(1986) There is an error in Figure 6 of this paper. The nucleotide residues of the IL–1α gene sequence are incorrectly numbered. The revised figure is shown below.
High yield assembly and electron transport investigation of semiconducting-rich local-gated single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (2011)

We report the fabrication and electron transport investigation of individual local-gated single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWNT-FET) with high yield using a semiconducting-rich carbon nanotube solution. The individual semiconducting nanotubes were assembled at the selected position of the circuit via dielectrophoresis. Detailed electron transport investigations on 70 devices show that 99% display good FET behavior, with an average threshold voltage of 1 V, subthreshold swing as low as 140 mV/dec, and on/off current ratio as high as 8 × 10(5). The high yield directed assembly of local-gated SWNT-FET will facilitate large scale fabrication of CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) compatible nanoelectronic devices.
Renaturation with simultaneous purification of rhG‐CSF from Escherichia coli by ion exchange chromatography (2007)

Protein refolding is a key step for the production of recombinant proteins, especially at large scales, and usually their yields are very low. Application of liquid chromatography to protein refolding is an exciting step forward for this field. In this work, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) expressed in Escherichia coli was renatured with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) with a Q Sepharose FF column. Several chromatographic parameters affecting the refolding yield of the denatured/reduced rhG-CSF, such as the urea concentration, pH value, concentration and ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in the mobile phase, as well as the flow rate of the mobile phase, were investigated in detail and indicated that the urea concentration and the pH value were of great importance. At the optimal conditions, the renatured and purified rhG-CSF was found to have a specific bioactivity of 3.0 x 10(8) IU/mg, a purity of 96%, and a mass recovery of 49%. Compared with the usual dilution method, the IEC method developed here is more effective for rhG-CSF refolding in terms of specific bioactivity and mass recovery.
Oil Biodegradation and Bioremediation: A Tale of the Two Worst Spills in U.S. History (2011)

The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. Fortunately, unlike higher organisms that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to consume petroleum hydrocarbons. These oil degrading indigenous microorganisms played a significant role in reducing the overall environmental impact of both the Exxon Valdez and BP Deepwater Horizon oil spills.
Biologic therapy for psoriasis--the first wave: infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. (2002)

Over the last several years, a new generation of therapies for psoriasis has been in development. These biologic therapies target the activity of T lymphocytes and cytokines responsible for the inflammatory nature of this disease. In this review, we present an update on the progress of the four biologic agents in the forefront: infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. The mechanism of each drug will be reviewed, as well as the most recent efficacy and safety data.
An Investigation of Haptic Interaction in Online Negotiation between different native language people (2012)

Due to the development of internet technology, the online business trade becomes an active area. Online negotiation supporting systems have been developing very actively in recent years to meet the growing needs. We have been studying on the effect that the haptic device brings about in interaction through online negotiation between two parties. In order to meet the online negotiation's requirements, the developed interface should be able to protect user's anonymity, convey user's emotion and make the scene alive.In this study, we adopt haptic interaction as a means of conveying emotion in an online negotiation between Japanese and Chinese people. In this study, our goal is to investigate the effectiveness of haptic interaction in communications between Chinese and Japanese users and analyze the characteristis in operation the haptic device. We conducted online negotiation experiments with and without haptic interaction . The comparison experiments results show that the haptic feedback can help to convey the emotion and the sense of presence. The Chinese subjects' feedback for the questionaire concerning the emotional communication and the sense of presence varies slightly compared to the Japanese subjects. We also found when using the haptic device, the force feedback can influence subject's feelings.There is little significant difference between the advanced and the medium subjects in negotiation dialogues and the haptic device's operation, the beginner subjects are slightly at a disadvantage.
Tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of Agrobacterium share extensive regions of DNA homology (1978)

Labeled Ti plasmid DNAs from diverse Agrobacterium strains were hybridized to Southern blots of pTi-B6-806 plasmid DNA digest fragments of known map order. The map location of DNA sequences common to all Ti plasmids was found to be extensive, consistent with the view that Ti plasmids have evolved from a common ancestral plasmid.
Induction of acetyl-LDL receptor activity by phorbol ester in human monocyte cell line THP-1. (1989)

Human monocytic cell line THP-1 incubated with as little as 10 ng/ml of phorbol myristate acetate bound and metabolized 1-2 micrograms of Ac-LDL over a 5-h period. In the absence of phorbol treatment, no specific metabolism of Ac-LDL occurred. Optimal levels of receptor were reached after 72 h of exposure. Induction of receptor was dependent on protein and RNA synthesis and was partially reversed upon removal of the phorbol. Induction of receptor required activation of the protein kinase C pathway. Metabolism of Ac-LDL by THP-1 cells at 37 degrees C was saturated at 25 micrograms/ml. Binding at 4 degrees C was saturable with an average Kd of 8.0 x 10(-9) M. Cell population studies by fluorescent activated cell sorting indicated that approximately 87% of the THP-1 population was expressing scavenger receptor activity 96 h after phorbol treatment as compared to 99% for murine macrophage cell line P388D1. Uptake of Ac-LDL by THP-1 resulted in an 11-fold increase in the rate of cholesterol esterification which was saturable at 50 micrograms/ml. Incubation of cells for 48 h with 50 micrograms/ml of Ac-LDL resulted in a 60% increase in free cholesterol and a 10-fold increase in the cholesteryl ester content of the cells. Lipid accumulation in THP-1 cells after Ac-LDL uptake was readily visible by Oil Red-O staining. Solubilization of THP-1 cells, before and after phorbol treatment, followed by ligand blotting with Ac-LDL detected the presence of a 250-kDa protein only in cells treated with phorbol. The protein comigrated with the scavenger receptor derived from mouse macrophage cell line P388D1.
Acidification of Intracellular pH in Bovine Spermatozoa Suppresses Motility and Extends Viable Life (2000)

Intracellular pH (pHi) was determined in ejaculated bovine spermatozoa using a ratiometric absorbance technique under various incubation conditions that drastically altered sperm motility. The pHi was directly correlated with sperm motility. In a medium of Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium [NKM] that supported active sperm motility, pHi was 6.9. In medium containing weak acids (NKM equilibrated with 100% CO2 or containing 80 mM 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione; DMO), pHi was depressed at least 0.5 pH unit and sperm motility was suppressed. After complete immobilization of sperm was established, removal of the weak acids indicated that suppression of motility was fully reversible for up to 48 hours in CO2 and up to 24 hours in DMO. This study shows that expression and conservation of sperm motility are inversely related, and that depression of pHi by weak acids can reversibly inhibit sperm motility. These findings may help to explain the mechanisms by which sperm are immobilized within the male reproductive tract, and could be applicable to the design of improved ambient temperature semen extenders.
The Shortest Path Problem (2009)

Shortest path problems are among the most fundamental combinatorial optimization problems with many applications, both direct and as subroutines. They arise naturally in a remarkable number of real-world settings. A limited list includes transportation planning, network optimization, packet routing, image segmentation, speech recognition, document formatting, robotics, compilers, traffic information systems, and dataflow analysis. Shortest path algorithms have been studied since the 1950's and still remain an active area of research. This volume reports on the research carried out by participants during the Ninth DIMACS Implementation Challenge, which led to several improvements of the state of the art in shortest path algorithms. The infrastructure developed during the Challenge facilitated further research in the area, leading to substantial follow-up work as well as to better and more uniform experimental standards. The results of the Challenge included new cutting-edge techniques for emerging applications such as GPS navigation systems, providing experimental evidence of the most effective algorithms in several real-world settings.