gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistological study of oestrogen receptors in breast carcinomas that are biochemically receptor negative. (1990)

The reliability of an immunohistological method, applied to paraffin wax sections, was assessed for determination of oestrogen receptor content of biochemically oestrogen receptor negative breast carcinomata. Sixty consecutive tumours with oestrogen receptor concentrations of less than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein, as estimated by dextran-coated charcoal biochemical assay, were examined. Paraffin wax sections were treated with DNAse before applying a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method using ER-ICA monoclonal antibodies. Fifty one cases (85%) were negative, six (10%) weakly positive, and three (5%) were moderately positive. No strongly positive cases were seen. It is suggested that cases with weakly positive staining, especially when localised to a small area, should be regarded as negative. On the other hand, as the three moderately stained cases included two small tubular carcinomas and an invasive ductal carcinoma with high progesterone receptor concentrations, it is more likely that the biochemical assay in these cases represented false negative results due to sampling error or inclusion of fibrous or other non-neoplastic tissue in the assayed samples. It is concluded that the immunohistological method used here is fairly reliable and would be especially valuable for determination of oestrogen receptor content in small, mammographically detected tumours from which no tissue would be available for biochemical assay or frozen section examination.
Transforming genes in human tumors (1982)

DNAs isolated from a variety of human tumor cell lines as well as from naturally occurring human carcinomas and sarcomas were shown to induce morphologic transformation upon transfection into NIH/3T3 cells. All tested transformants contained human DNA sequences, some of which specifically cosegregated with the malignant phenotype in additional cycles of transfection. Southern blot analysis of second cycle transformants derived from T24 human bladder carcinoma cells showed the presence of a single 15 kbp EcoRI fragment of human DNA. These sequences were molecularly cloned utilizing lambda Charon 9A as the cloning vector. The resulting recombinant DNA molecule, designated lambda T24-15A, was shown to contain an internal 6.6 kbp Bam HI fragment of human DNA that transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblasts with a specific activity of 5 X 10(4) focus forming units per picomole. These results indicate that we have molecularly cloned an oncogene present in T24 bladder carcinoma cells. Comparison of molecular clones containing the T24 oncogene and its normal homologue did not reveal biochemical differences that helped to explain the malignant properties of this oncogene. Finally, we report preliminary results indicating that the T24 bladder carcinoma oncogene is highly related to the transforming gene of BALB-MSV, an acute transforming retrovirus.
Dissociation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation from the Oxidative Burst in Differentiated HL-60 Cells and Human Neutrophils (1995)

In human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks), are activated within minutes upon stimulation with either chemoattractant formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). This activation of MAPKs coincides with the formation of superoxide anion, which occurs through the activation of a multiple-component NADPH oxidase pathway. MAPKs have thus been suggested to be involved in signal transduction leading to the oxidative burst. To investigate whether MAPK activation plays a central role in the oxidative burst, we evaluated the effect of cAMP on MAPK activation induced by fMLP and PMA. cAMP inhibits many PMN functional responses, including the oxidative burst, and has recently been shown to reduce growth factor- and PMA-induced MAPK activities in a variety of cells. We found that in differentiated, neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, while cAMP reduced PMA-induced MAPK activation, it had no effect on fMLP-induced MAPK activation. Despite the presence of unchanged levels of activated MAPKs, the fMLP-induced oxidative burst was substantially diminished by cAMP. By contrast, O2-production induced by PMA remained the same even though MAPK activation was inhibited. In PMNs, although the levels of O2-induced by either 10 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml PMA were similar, only 100 ng/ml could stimulate MAPK activation, suggesting that the oxidative burst could occur in the absence of detectable activation of MAPKs. As in HL-60 cells, cAMP inhibited the O2-production in fMLP-stimulated PMNs but had no effect on MAPK activity. These results demonstrate that, while MAPK activation coincides with PMN activation, it can be dissociated from the oxidative burst.
Production of Plant-Specific Flavanones by Escherichia coli Containing an Artificial Gene Cluster (2003)

In plants, chalcones are precursors for a large number of flavonoid-derived plant natural products and are converted to flavanones by chalcone isomerase or nonenzymatically. Chalcones are synthesized from tyrosine and phenylalanine via the phenylpropanoid pathway involving phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS). For the purpose of production of flavanones in Escherichia coli, three sets of an artificial gene cluster which contained three genes of heterologous origins--PAL from the yeast Rhodotorula rubra, 4CL from the actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), and CHS from the licorice plant Glycyrrhiza echinata--were constructed. The constructions of the three sets were done as follows: (i) PAL, 4CL, and CHS were placed in that order under the control of the T7 promoter (P(T7)) and the ribosome-binding sequence (RBS) in the pET vector, where the initiation codons of 4CL and CHS were overlapped with the termination codons of the preceding genes; (ii) the three genes were transcribed by a single P(T7) in front of PAL, and each of the three contained the RBS at appropriate positions; and (iii) all three genes contained both P(T7) and the RBS. These pathways bypassed C4H, a cytochrome P-450 hydroxylase, because the bacterial 4CL enzyme ligated coenzyme A to both cinnamic acid and 4-coumaric acid. E. coli cells containing the gene clusters produced two flavanones, pinocembrin from phenylalanine and naringenin from tyrosine, in addition to their precursors, cinnamic acid and 4-coumaric acid. Of the three sets, the third gene cluster conferred on the host the highest ability to produce the flavanones. This is a new metabolic engineering technique for the production in bacteria of a variety of compounds of plant and animal origin.
Preparation of gold, platinum, palladium and silver nanoparticles by the reduction of their salts with a weak reductant–potassium bitartrate (2003)

Gold and platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of their salts with potassium bitartrate as the reductant and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) (for Pt nanoparticles) or 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid (TDPC) as the protective agent. In the presence of PVP or TDPC, the preparation of palladium and silver nanoparticles were also realized by the reduction of their salts with potassium bitartrate under alkaline conditions. The effect of the concentration of the protective agents on the particle size and morphology were investigated in detail. At a constant concentration of Au and Pt ions, the average diameter of Au or Pt nanoparticles tends to decrease with an increase in the concentration ratios of the protective agents to AuCl4− or PtCl62−. Except for PVP passivated Au nanoparticles, smaller Au and Pt particles with a sharp size distribution could be obtained at higher concentration ratios of the protective agents to the metal ions, as determined by TEM measurements. All the noble metal colloidal particles have very high stability.
Complement activation: the missing link between ADAMTS-13 deficiency and microvascular thrombosis of thrombotic microangiopathies (2005)

Endothelial injury is the central factor in the events leading to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA); however, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here we investigate the role of neutrophils (PMNs) and of complement activation in inducing microvascular damage and loss of thromboresistance in TMA associated with ADAMTS-13 deficiency. PMNs isolated during the acute phase of the disease released excessive amounts of reactive-oxygen species (ROS), N-derived oxidants and proteinases and induced damage and thromboresistance loss in human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) ex vivo. Endothelial cytotoxicity and thromboresistance loss was also induced by TMA serum. Complement-derived products were responsible for the above effects: in fact, TMA serum caused C3 and Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) deposition on HMEC-1 and its cytotoxic effect was abolished by complement inhibition. TMA serum caused surface expression of P-selectin on HMEC-1 which may promote PMN adhesion and resulted in increased PMN cytotoxicity, indicating that complement may have a role in PMN activation. In addition, TMA serum stimulated control PMNs to release ROS and proteinases, and to cause endothelial cell cytotoxicity. All of the above effects were abrogated by complement inactivation. These data document for the first time that complement-initiated PMN activation and endothelial injury may have a crucial role in microvascular thrombosis of TMA associated with ADAMTS-13 deficiency.
Deterministic Microfluidic Ratchet (2009)

We present a deterministic, nonthermal ratchet where the trajectory of particles in a certain size range is not reversible when the sign of the pressure gradient is reversed at a low Reynolds number. This effect is produced by employing triangular rather than the conventional circular posts in an array that selectively displaces particles transported through the array. The ratchet irreversibly moves particles of a certain size range in a direction orthogonal to an oscillating flow, with no net displacement of the fluid itself. The underlying mechanism of this ratchet is shown to be connected to irreversible particle-post interactions and the asymmetric fluid velocity distribution through the gap between the triangular posts. Diffusion plays no role in this ratchet, and hence the device parameters presented here can be scaled up to high rates of flow, of clear importance in separation technologies.
Reprogramming of Human Huntington Fibroblasts Using mRNA (2011)

The derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human cell sources using transduction based on viral vectors has been reported by several laboratories. Viral vector-induced integration is a potential cause of genetic modification. We have derived iPS cells from human foreskin, adult Huntington fibroblasts, and adult skin fibroblasts of healthy donors using a nonviral and nonintegrating procedure based on mRNA transfer. In vitro transcribed mRNA for 5 factors, oct-4, nanog, klf-4, c-myc, sox-2 as well as for one new factor, hTERT, was used to induce pluripotency. Reprogramming was analyzed by qPCR analysis of pluripotency gene expression, differentiation, gene expression array, and teratoma assays. iPS cells were shown to express pluripotency markers and were able to differentiate towards ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal lineages. This method may represent a safer technology for reprogramming and derivation of iPS cells. Cells produced by this method can more easily be transferred into the clinical setting.
Heterogeneous acid-catalyzed amination of isobutene to tert-butylamine (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous acid-catalyzed amination of isobutene to tert-butylamineM. Deeba and M. E. FordCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 19, 4594–4596Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00254a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analyzing Biomolecular Interactions (2002)

A recent development in instruments to investigate biomolecular interactions is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection with a biospecific sensor chip. In this method, a probe (P) or a target molecule (T) is bound to a gold-plated cell and a solution containing the other molecule is passed over it. Light is beamed through a prism and strikes the glass surface of the flow cell containing the sample at an angle, such that the beam is totally reflected. At a particular wavelength and incident angle between the beam and glass, a surface plasmon wave of excited electrons (plasmon resonance) is produced at the gold layer and is detected as a reduced intensity of the reflected light beam. By measuring the deflection of the beam, binding of P &T can be easily quantitated. This article describes the mechanism and applicatioins of the SPR technique.
Combining trace sampling with single pass methods for efficient cache simulation (1998)

The design of the memory hierarchy is crucial to the performance of high performance computer systems. The incorporation of multiple levels of caches into the memory hierarchy is known to increase the performance of high end machines, but the development of architectural prototypes of various memory hierarchy designs is costly and time consuming. In this paper, we will describe a single pass method used in combination with trace sampling techniques to produce a fast and accurate approach for simulating multiple sizes of caches simultaneously.
SURFACTANT ADMINISTRATION REDUCES TESTICULAR ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (1998)

The results of this study suggest that tetronic 1107 is effective in reducing tissue damage in a testicular ischemia-reperfusion animal model.
Wnt signaling genes of murine chromosome 15 are involved in sex‐affected pathways of inflammatory arthritis (2011)

These results indicate that sex-specific disparities in RA are linked to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cartilage degradation (Adamts12) and canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling (Cthrc1, Rspo2, Sdc2).
Genetic exploration of interactive domains in RNA polymerase II subunits. (1990)

The two large subunits of RNA polymerase II, RPB1 and RPB2, contain regions of extensive homology to the two large subunits of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. These homologous regions may represent separate protein domains with unique functions. We investigated whether suppressor genetics could provide evidence for interactions between specific segments of RPB1 and RPB2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A plasmid shuffle method was used to screen thoroughly for mutations in RPB2 that suppress a temperature-sensitive mutation, rpb1-1, which is located in region H of RPB1. All six RPB2 mutations that suppress rpb1-1 were clustered in region I of RPB2. The location of these mutations and the observation that they were allele specific for suppression of rpb1-1 suggests an interaction between region H of RPB1 and region I of RPB2. A similar experiment was done to isolate and map mutations in RPB1 that suppress a temperature-sensitive mutation, rpb2-2, which occurs in region I of RPB2. These suppressor mutations were not clustered in a particular region. Thus, fine structure suppressor genetics can provide evidence for interactions between specific segments of two proteins, but the results of this type of analysis can depend on the conditional mutation to be suppressed.
Patch Antenna Array for the Generation of Millimeter-Wave Hermite–Gaussian Beams (2016)

This letter introduces a method of using patch antennas to generate millimeter-wave Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams at E-band. An HG <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> beam is formed using four inset-fed microstrip patch elements arranged with a microstrip corporate feeding network. The designed antennas are fabricated on a high-performance FR4 circuit board with a relative permittivity of 3.75 and a loss tangent of 0.018. The overall size of the antenna array is 8 × 8 × 0.125 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . A full-wave electromagnetic simulator, HFSS, is used to design the array. Radiation pattern measurements were taken on an NSI 700S-360 spherical near-field system at 73 GHz together with an Agilent vector network analyzer. The simulations and measurements are in good agreement.
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis and Optic Neuritis (2003)

This case report describes a rare instance of bilateral optic papillitis associated with histologically and bacteriologically proven tubercular osteomyelitis of the right sphenoid and temporal bone of the orbit in a 30-year-old woman. This case also highlights the usefulness of computerized axial tomography of the orbits, skull, and paranasal sinuses to evaluate optic neuritis and its pathophysiology in the event of no obvious cause or contributing systemic disease.
Prospective Analysis of Discordant Results between Biochemical Markers and Biopsy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (2004)

In this series, the size of liver biopsy is adequate in only a minor proportion (approximately 14%) of patients with chronic hepatitis C. When biopsy and marker results are discordant, a reason can be identified in more than two-thirds of cases and, in those cases, biopsy failure is >7 times more common than diagnostic failure of markers.
A Pathologic-Anatomical Study on Disc Degeneration in Dog: With Special Reference to the So-Called Enchondrosis Intervertebralis (1952)

(1952). A Pathologic-Anatomical Study on Disc Degeneration in Dog: With Special Reference to the So-Called Enchondrosis Intervertebralis. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 23, No. sup11, pp. 1-130.
An initial strategy for the systematic identification of functional elements in the human genome by low-redundancy comparative sequencing (2005)

With the recent completion of a high-quality sequence of the human genome, the challenge is now to understand the functional elements that it encodes. Comparative genomic analysis offers a powerful approach for finding such elements by identifying sequences that have been highly conserved during evolution. Here, we propose an initial strategy for detecting such regions by generating low-redundancy sequence from a collection of 16 eutherian mammals, beyond the 7 for which genome sequence data are already available. We show that such sequence can be accurately aligned to the human genome and used to identify most of the highly conserved regions. Although not a long-term substitute for generating high-quality genomic sequences from many mammalian species, this strategy represents a practical initial approach for rapidly annotating the most evolutionarily conserved sequences in the human genome, providing a key resource for the systematic study of human genome function.
Rat vascular smooth muscle cells immortalized with SV40 large T antigen possess defined smooth muscle cell characteristics including growth inhibition by heparin (1990)

Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) have been established by retroviral delivery of the complementary DNA (cDNA) for the simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and examined for SMC phenotypic markers and growth characteristics, including responsiveness to the antiproliferative effects of heparin. The transfected cells (SV40LT-SMC) maintain defined SMC characteristics for more than 215 population doublings (PD) as judged by muscle-specific actin expression and growth inhibition by heparin. SV40LT-SMC greater than 129 PD become transformed while SV40LT-SMC less than 77 PD resemble nontransfected SMC morphologically and are nontumorigenic. SV40LT-SMC apparently release a growth factor which acts in an autocrine fashion, since (1) suramin inhibits SV40LT-SMC proliferation, (2) SV40LT-SMC-conditioned medium (CM) contains mitogenic activity, and (3) SV40LT-SMC CM suppresses the binding of platelet-derived growth factor to SMC. Heparin (10-100 micrograms/ml) is a potent inhibitor of both early (less than 80 PD) and late-passage (greater than 80 PD) SV40LT-SMC proliferation. The antiproliferative effects of heparin are similar to those previously observed for SMC by several criteria; the dose-response inhibition curves are indistinguishable from those obtained with nontransfected cells, other glycosaminoglycans have little effect on SV40LT-SMC growth, the antiproliferative effects of heparin are reversed in the presence of epidermal growth factor, and heparin displays high-affinity saturable binding to SV40LT-SMC. In conclusion, SV40LT-SMC are a continuous line of SMC-like cells that are sensitive to the growth inhibitor, heparin. SV40LT-SMC should facilitate studies of heparin inhibition and may be applicable for the study of other SMC characteristics as well.
Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and resuscitation training by combining audiovisual feedback and debriefing* (2008)

Significant cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality deficits exist among healthcare providers. Debriefing or feedback alone improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality, but the combination led to marked performance improvements. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback and debriefing may serve as a powerful tool to improve rescuer training and care for cardiac arrest patients.
Reduction of Human Melanoma Tumor Growth in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice by Passive Transfer of Antibodies Induced by a High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen Mimotope Vaccine (2008)

Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited melanoma tumor growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of melanoma cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in tumor growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of melanoma.