gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Training in Computer-Aided Design on the Spatial Visualization Ability of Selected Gifted Adolescents. (1994)

This research was undertaken to determine the effect that computer aided design (CAD) had on the spatial visualization abilities of selected gifted adolescents. The following hypotheses was tested: Subjects receiving instruction in CAD will show improvement in spatial visualization ability, as measured by the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board (RMPFB) test. when compared to the subjects not receiving CAD instruction. The experimental group consisted of 20 students enrolled in the CAD course offered in the 1991 Virginia Governor's School of Technology. The control group consisted of 20 Governor's School students not enrolled in the CAD course. Both groups were pretested using the RMPFB test Form AA to measure entry level spatial visualization. A treatment consisting of three weeks of CAD instruction using CADKEY 3.5 was given to the experimental group. Following the treatment both groups were post tested using the RMPFB test Form BB to determine their existing level of spatial visualization ability. The nonequivalent control group design was used in this study since the experimental group was an intact group and therefore not randomly assigned. ANCOVA statistical analysis was used to determine if there was statistical significance of the post test scores.
Inflammatory cytokines and acute graft-versus-host disease after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2005)

This study investigated the role of inflammatory cytokines in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) incidence and severity in 113 patients who underwent reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Among all tested cytokines in the first 3 months after allo-SCT, only interleukin-12 p70 (IL-12p70) levels in the first month were significantly associated with grades II to IV aGVHD development (P < .001). IL-12p70 levels were directly correlated with aGVHD severity grade (P < .001). Before aGVHD onset, blood monocytes, the main precursor pool of IL12p70-secreting dendritic cells, recovered more rapidly in patients with grades II to IV aGVHD (P = .005). Similarly, at the effector level, there was a more robust reconstitution of naive CD3+CD4+CD45RA+CD27+ T cells in patients developing grades II to IV aGVHD (P = .006). In multivariate analysis, IL-12p70 level measured in the first month was the strongest predictive factor for aGVHD development (P < .001). These findings, reconstituting a T(H)1 loop, support a model in which aGVHD reflects a type 1 alloreaction after RIC allo-SCT.
Analysis ofBorrelia burgdorferivlsEGene Expression and Recombination in the Tick Vector (2001)

Expression and recombination of the antigenic variation vlsE gene of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi were analyzed in the tick vector. To assess vlsE expression, Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with the B. burgdorferi strain B31 were fed on mice for 48 or 96 h or to repletion and then crushed and acetone fixed either immediately thereafter (ticks collected at the two earlier time points) or 4 days after repletion. Unfed nymphs also were examined. At all of the time points investigated, spirochetes were able to bind a rabbit antibody raised against the conserved invariable region 6 of VlsE, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, but not preimmune serum from the same rabbit. This same antibody also bound to B31 spirochetes cultivated in vitro. Intensity of fluorescence appeared highest in cultured spirochetes, followed by spirochetes present in unfed ticks. Only a dim fluorescent signal was observed on spirochetes at the 48 and 96 h time points and at day 4 postrepletion. Expression of vlsE in vitro was affected by a rise in pH from 7.0 to 8.0 at 34 degrees C. Hence, vlsE expression appears to be sensitive to environmental cues of the type found in the B. burgdorferi natural history. To assess vlsE recombination, nymphs were capillary fed the B. burgdorferi B31 clonal isolate 5A3. Ticks thus infected were either left to rest for 4 weeks (Group I) or fed to repletion on a mouse (Group II). The contents of each tick from both groups were cultured and 10 B. burgdorferi clones from the spirochetal isolate of each tick were obtained. The vlsE cassettes from several of these clones were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Regardless of whether the isolate was derived from Group I or Group II ticks, no changes were observed in the vlsE sequence. In contrast, vlsE cassettes amplified from B. burgdorferi clones derived from a mouse that was infected with B31-5A3 capillary-fed nymphs showed considerable recombination. It follows that vlsE recombination does not occur in the tick vector.
Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems (2000)

Overview, A.S. Naidu Lacto-Antimicrobials Lactoferrin. A.S. Naidu Lactoperoxidase, A.S. Naidu Lactoglobulins, E.F. Bostwick, J. Steijins, and S. Braun Lactolipids, M. Lampe and C. Isaacs Ovo-Antimicrobials Lysozymes, J.N. Losso, S. Nakai, and E.A. Charter Ovotransferrin, H.R. Ibrahim Ovoglobulin IgY, J.S. Sim, H.H. Sunwoo, and E.N. Lee Avidin, Y. Mine Phyto-Antimicrobials Phyto-phenols, P.M., Davidson and A.S. Naidu Saponins, W.A. Oleszek Flavonoids, A.S. Naidu, W.R. Bidlack, and A.T. Crecelius Thiosulfinates, B.B. Whitmore and A.S. Naidu Catechins, L.R. Juneja, T. Okubo, and P. Hung Glucosinolates, B.B. Whitmore and A.S. Naidu Agar, A.S. Naidu Bacto-Antimicrobials Probiotics, A.S. Naidu and R.A. Clemens Nisin, L.V. Thomas, M.R. Clarkson, and J. Delves-Broughton Pediocin, B. Ray and K. Miller Reuterin, M.G. El-Ziney, J. Debevere, and M.Jakobsen Sakacin, F. Leroy and L. De Vuyst Acid-Antimicrobials Lactic Acid, J-C. Bogeart and A.S. Naidu Sorbic Acid, J.N. Sofos Acetic Acid, D.L. Marshall, L.N. Cotton, and F.A. Bal'a Citric Acid, R.K. Sharma Milieu-Antimicrobials Sodium Chloride, R. Ravishankar and V.K. Juneja Polyphosphates, A. Prakash Chloro-cides, N. Khanna and A.S. Naidu Ozone, M. Muthukumarappin, F. Halaweish, and A.S. Naidu Appendix (Abbreviations and Symbols) Index
Combinatorial synthesis of aminoglycoside libraries. (2001)

The interaction of aminoglycosides with RNA represents a paradigm in the use of small molecules as effectors of RNA function. Aminoglycosides bind and affect the function of a variety of therapeutically useful RNA targets and show antimicrobial as well as antiviral activities. However, due to the complex nature of aminoglycosides, efforts for synthesizing large libraries of these structures to screen against prospective biological targets have been limited. This review covers the recent advances in the generation of aminoglycoside libraries.
Immobilized OBOC Combinatorial Bead Array to Facilitate Multiplicative Screening (2013)

One-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial library screening has been broadly utilized for the last two decades to identify small molecules, peptides or peptidomimetics targeting variable screening probes such as cell surface receptors, bacteria, protein kinases, phosphatases, proteases etc. In previous screening methods, library beads were suspended in solution and screened against one single probe. Only the positive beads were tracked and isolated for additional screens and finally selected for chemical decoding. During this process, the remaining negative beads were not tracked and discarded. Here we report a novel bead immobilization method such that a bead library array can be conveniently prepared and screened in its entirety, sequentially many times with a series of distinct probes. This method not only allows us to increase the screening efficiency but also permits us to determine the binding profile of each and every library bead against a large number of target receptors. As proof of concept, we serially screened a random OBOC disulfide containing cyclic heptapeptide library with three water soluble dyes as model probes: malachite green, bromocresol purple and indigo carmine. This multiplicative screening approach resulted in a rapid determination of the binding profile of each and every bead respective to each of the three dyes. Beads that interacted with malachite green only, bromocresol purple only, or both indigo carmine and bromocresol purple were isolated, and their peptide sequences were determined with microsequencer. Ultimately, the novel OBOC multiplicative screening approach could play a key role in the enhancement of existing on-bead assays such as whole cell binding, bacteria binding, protein binding, posttranslational modifications etc. with increased efficiency, capacity, and specificity.
Recovery of DNA from soils and sediments (1988)

Experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of two different methodological approaches for recovering DNA from soil and sediment bacterial communities: cell extraction followed by lysis and DNA recovery (cell extraction method) versus direct cell lysis and alkaline extraction to recover DNA (direct lysis method). Efficiency of DNA recovery by each method was determined by spectrophotometric absorbance and using a tritiated thymidine tracer. With both procedures, the use of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone was important for the removal of humic compounds to improve the purity of the recovered DNA; without extensive purification, various restriction enzymes failed to cut added target DNA. Milligram quantities of high-purity DNA were recovered from 100-g samples of both soils and sediments by the direct lysis method, which was a greater than 1-order-of-magnitude-higher yield than by the cell extraction method. The ratio of labeled thymidine to total DNA, however, was higher in the DNA recovered by the cell extraction method. than by the direct lysis method, suggesting that the DNA recovered by the cell extraction method came primarily from active bacterial cells, whereas that recovered by the direct lysis method may have contained DNA from other sources.
Tumor angiogenesis: review of current applications in tumor prognostication. (1993)

The first requirement of a new prognostic indicator is that it should possess a clear biological significance. Indeed, much evidence shows that tumor growth and metastasis depend on neovascularization. Tumor angiogenesis (TA) refers to the growth of new vessels toward and within the tumor; unless tumor neovascularization occurs, cell proliferation reaches a steady state, and the tumor grows no larger than about 2 mm greatest diameter. Moreover, for tumor cells to metastasize, they must gain access to the vasculature from the primary tumor, survive the circulation, localize in the target organ, and induce angiogenesis in that target organ. TA is necessary both at the beginning and at the end of the metastatic cascade of events. Recently, my colleagues and I showed that a statistically significant correlation exists between incidence of metastases and microvessel density (MVD) of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Now, subsequent studies have shown that the association of prognosis with MVD exists not only in breast carcinoma but also in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and head-and-neck carcinoma. This article reviews the concepts and mechanisms of TA, the evidence supporting its role in growth and metastasis of solid tumors, and how measuring MVD within invasive tumors correlates with factor VIII-related antigen, blood vessel.
Bioinformatics the machine learning approach (1998)

In this book Pierre Baldi and Soren Brunak present the key machine learning approaches and apply them to the computational problems encountered in the analysis of biological data. The book is aimed both at biologists and biochemists who need to understand new data-driven algorithms and at those with a primary background in physics, mathematics, statistics, or computer science who need to know more about applications in molecular biology.
The human orphan nuclear receptor PXR is activated by compounds that regulate CYP3A4 gene expression and cause drug interactions. (1998)

The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase 3A4 (CYP3A4) is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotics including an estimated 60% of all clinically used drugs. Although expression of the CYP3A4 gene is known to be induced in response to a variety of compounds, the mechanism underlying this induction, which represents a basis for drug interactions in patients, has remained unclear. We report the identification of a human (h) orphan nuclear receptor, termed the pregnane X receptor (PXR), that binds to a response element in the CYP3A4 promoter and is activated by a range of drugs known to induce CYP3A4 expression. Comparison of hPXR with the recently cloned mouse PXR reveals marked differences in their activation by certain drugs, which may account in part for the species-specific effects of compounds on CYP3A gene expression. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the ability of disparate chemicals to induce CYP3A4 levels and, furthermore, provide a basis for developing in vitro assays to aid in predicting whether drugs will interact in humans.
Structural Analysis of the fds Operon Encoding the NAD+-linked Formate Dehydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha (1998)

The fdsGBACD operon encoding the four subunits of the NAD+-reducing formate dehydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha H16 was cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparisons indicated a high resemblance of FdsA (alpha-subunit) to the catalytic subunits of formate dehydrogenases containing a molybdenum (or tungsten) cofactor. The NH2-terminal region (residues 1-240) of FdsA, lacking in formate dehydrogenases not linked to NAD(P)+, exhibited considerable similarity to that of NuoG of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli as well as to HoxU and the NH2-terminal segment of HndD of NAD(P)+-reducing hydrogenases. FdsB (beta-subunit) and FdsG (gamma-subunit) are closely related to NuoF and NuoE, respectively, as well as to HoxF and HndA. It is proposed that the NH2-terminal domain of FdsA together with FdsB and FdsG constitute a functional entity corresponding to the NADH dehydrogenase (diaphorase) part of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and the hydrogenases. No significant similarity to any known protein was observed for FdsD (delta-subunit). The predicted product of fdsC showed the highest resemblance to FdhD from E. coli, a protein required for the formation of active formate dehydrogenases in this organism. Transcription of the fds operon is subject to formate induction. A promoter structure resembling the consensus sequence of sigma70-dependent promoters from E. coli was identified upstream of the transcriptional start site determined by primer extension analysis.
Cytokines Involved in B-Cell Differentiation and Their Sites of Action (1997)

B cells originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate in the bone marrow into mature B cells. The differentiation of a stem cell into a mature B cell can be subdivided into five steps: early pro-B cells, late pro-B cell stage, pre-B cell stage, immature B cells, and mature B cells. Each differentiation step appears to be regulated by co-receptor and cytokines. The earliest B-cell progenitors are bound to the stromal cell surface by adhesive interactions through cell surface molecules to promote the binding of c-kit to stem cell factor (SCF). At the late pro-B cell stage, interleukin-7 (IL-7) induces proliferation and differentiation of pro-B cells to pre-B cells. Surface Ig-expressing mature B cells leave bone marrow and circulate into peripheral lymphoid organs in which they can be activated to proliferate and to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells by encountering antigens and "helper" T (TH) cells. TH cells activate B cells by their products, cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, and membrane-bound stimulatory molecules including CD40 ligand. Each cytokine has pleiotropic activity on B cells and other cell types, and acts through a specific receptor. Abnormal expression of a cytokine receptor and aberrant signal transduction causes functional abnormality of B cells.
Effects of Olanzapine Combined With Samidorphan on Weight Gain in Schizophrenia: A 24-Week Phase 3 Study (2020)

Olanzapine/samidorphan combination treatment was associated with significantly less weight gain and smaller increases in waist circumference than olanzapine and was well tolerated. The antipsychotic efficacy of the combination treatment was similar to that of olanzapine monotherapy.
TCP-like congestion control for layered multicast data transfer (2002)

We present a novel congestion control algorithm suitable for use with cumulative, layered data streams in the MBone. Our algorithm behaves similarly to TCP congestion control algorithms, and shares bandwidth fairly with other instances of the protocol and with TCP flows. It is entirely receiver driven and requires no per-receiver status at the sender, in order to scale to large numbers of receivers. It relies on standard functionalities of multicast routers, and is suitable for continuous stream and reliable bulk data transfer. In the paper we illustrate the algorithm, characterize its response to losses both analytically and by simulations, and analyse its behaviour using simulations and experiments in real networks. We also show how error recovery can be dealt with independently from congestion control by using FEC techniques, so as to provide reliable bulk data transfer.
Integrated RBF network based estimation strategy of the output characteristics of brushless DC motors (2002)

The circuit-field coupled model is very accurate but it is computationally inefficient in studying the output performance of brushless DC motors. In order to resolve the problem, an estimation strategy based on an integrated radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed in this paper. The strategy introduces new conceptions of the network group that are being realized by three steps, namely: (1) an adaptive RBF network is proposed for modeling the center network; (2) the RBF network group is then used to build the base networks; and (3) an integrated RBF network based on the base network group is used subsequently to predict the nontrained output characteristics of the brushless DC motor.
Growth and Dissemination of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Plasminogen-Deficient Mice (1997)

Plasminogen activation has been proposed to play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. The effects of complete ablation of plasminogen activation in cancer was studied by inoculation of a metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma expressing high levels of plasminogen activator into plasminogen-deficient (Plg-/-) mice and matched control mice. Primary tumors developed in all mice with no difference in the rate of appearance between Plg-/- and control mice. However, the primary tumors in Plg-/- mice were smaller and less hemorrhagic and displayed reduced skin ulceration. In addition, dissemination of the tumor to regional lymph nodes was delayed in Plg-/- mice. Surprisingly, no quantitative differences were observed in lung metastasis between Plg-/- and control mice. In addition, Plg deficiency was compatible with metastasis of the primary tumor to a variety of other organs. Nevertheless, Plg-/- mice displayed a moderately increased survival after primary tumor resection. These findings suggest that plasmin-mediated proteolysis contributes to the morbidity and mortality of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice, but sufficient proteolytic activity is generated in Plg-/- mice for efficient tumor development and metastasis.
Synthesis and NMR Characterization of Diastereomeric CPSMeG Derivatives (2000)

Synthesis and stereochemical characterization of enantiomerically pure CPSMeG derivatives by NMR methods are reported. The effect of 5'-dimethoxytrityl on the conformational properties is described. It was found that in P-diastereomers the conformational differences about the C3'-O3' bond, as discernible from the delta J values, are enhanced by the presence of this protecting group.
The Constituents of the Volatile Oil of Catnip. I. Nepetalic Acid, Nepetalactone and Related Compounds (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Constituents of the Volatile Oil of Catnip. I. Nepetalic Acid, Nepetalactone and Related CompoundsS. M. McElvain, Robert D. Bright, and Paul R. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 6, 1558–1563Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01851a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01851a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1310Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fifth mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to the development of high-level resistance to zidovudine. (1992)

It is recognized that high-level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine, or Retrovir) is conferred by the presence of four mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase [RT; deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed), EC 2.7.7.49] coding sequence. However, a number of clinical isolates have been observed that exhibit high-level resistance but contain only three of the four identified mutations (Asn-67, Arg-70, and Tyr-215). Construction of a molecular clone with this genotype gave rise to only a partially resistant virus, raising the possibility that an additional mutation existed in some clinical isolates. Using an HIV marker rescue system, we have mapped and identified a fifth mutation conferring resistance to zidovudine, namely, methionine to leucine at codon 41 of HIV RT. An infectious molecular clone containing this mutation together with three previously identified mutations in the RT coding sequence yielded highly resistant HIV after transfection of T cells. Direct detection of the fifth mutation in DNA samples from cocultured peripheral blood lymphocytes by the PCR revealed that it occurred relatively early in the development of zidovudine resistance. However, this mutation was only detected after the appearance of the codon 215 change in the RT coding sequence. Identification of this mutation in addition to the other known mutations conferring resistance enables rapid and direct correlation between an RT genotype and sensitivity of the virus.