gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of A New Multi-chamber Double-layer Adsorber in Energy Efficient Solar Adsorption Cooling Systems (2013)

In recent years, global warming and energy shortage have become more and more serious due to the rapid economics development all over the world. The energy consumed on cooling system accounts for 30-40% of total energy consumption in buildings. The vapor compression (VC) system is the most common used technology for cooling generation but it consumes a large amount of electricity. The refrigerants utilized in the VC system cause strong ozone depletion and global warming. Studies of adsorption cooling systems using solid adsorbents have been ongoing since 1970s, but have not received enough attention compared to the systems using liquid absorbents. Adsorption cooling systems require a heat source and little other electricity supply. Integrating adsorption thermal systems with waste heat or solar energy can substantially reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, a new multi-chamber double-layer adsorber is designed and manufactured in order to achieve a higher cooling performance of the adsorption cooling system. The optimized performance can be achieved when seven cylindrical shape chambers are integrated into one hexagonal shape adsorber. The amount of adsorbent filled in the new adsorber is calculated, showing a 40% improvement. The total contact surface area between the adsorbent (silica gel) and the adsorbate (water vapor) is also recorded and it shows 100% improvement over the original adsorber. In addition, a prototype of the adsorption cooling system has been built at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Because of manufacturing limitation, only five chambers with fin tubes were installed into the adsorber in the experiment. The coefficient of performance (COP) and the specific cooling power (SCP) are addressed. Under the experimental condition of about 35 Degree Celsius adsorption, 75 Degree Celsius desorption, 30 Degree Celsius condenser and 15 Degree Celsius evaporator temperatures, the COP of the adsorption cooling system is recorded at about 0.26 while the SCP is about 3.4W/kg. Most importantly, it is predictive that the COP and SCP will have a significant improvement after utilizing the new adsorber which installs all 7 chambers in the adsorption cooling system. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the newly developed adsorber can be a suitable candidate to be used in the adsorption cooling systems.
Cross-linking of antigen receptor via Ig-β (B29, CD79b) can induce both positive and negative signals in CD40-activated human B cells (1997)

Antigen-dependent activation of B lymphocytes is mediated through surface immunoglobulins and their associated molecules Ig-alpha (CD79a, Mb1) and Ig-beta (CD79b, B29). Here we show that an antibody directed against the extracellular part of human Ig-beta can, when cross-linked by CD32-transfected L cells, induce an IL-2-dependent proliferation of tonsil B cells. With the use of L cells stably transfected with both CD32 and CD40L, anti-Ig-beta activation of B cells was combined with CD40 triggering, an important component of the T cell-dependent B cell activation. This dual cellular activation resulted in two different phases, with initially synergistic proliferative effects, both without and with IL-2 or IL-10. Then, after 5-6 days of culture, cells stimulated with both anti-Ig-beta and CD40L underwent massive cell death, in contrast to B cells activated with CD40L alone. Cell death was not prevented by the addition of IL-2 or IL-10, but was prevented by the addition of IL-4. These results are discussed in the context of positive and negative selection of mature B cells.
Handbook of transplantation management (1991)

A comprehensive portable resource for physicians who care for transplant patients. Up-to-date information is provided on the care of both solid organ and bone marrow transplant patients. Topics covered include application and side effects of commonly employed drugs, and pathogens in infection.
A combination of targeted toxin technology and the piggyBac‐mediated gene transfer system enables efficient isolation of stable transfectants in nonhuman mammalian cells (2014)

Isolation of cells harboring exogenous DNA is typically achieved by the introduction of plasmids, but its efficiency remains still low. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to obtain stable transfectants efficiently. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with two plasmids: (i) pTransIEnd, which comprises the ubiquitous promoter, the piggyBac (PB) transposase gene, an internal ribosomal entry site, the Clostridium perfringens-derived endo-β-galactosidase C (EndoGalC) gene, and a poly(A) tail and (ii) a PB-based plasmid, termed pT-EGFP, which contains enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression unit flanked by PB acceptor sites. The PB transposase can accelerate the chromosomal integration of transposon vectors. EndoGalC expression results in removal of a cell surface α-Gal epitope, which is specifically recognized by Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin-B4 (IB4). Four days after transfection, cells were treated with IB4SAP (IB4 conjugated to saporin, which eliminates any α-Gal epitope-expressing cells) for a short period, followed by standard culture for approximately 10 days. Several colonies emerged, most of which were positive for EGFP expression and lacked TransIEnd. These results indicated that the proposed approach is useful and efficient for obtaining stable transfectants without the use of drug-resistance genes, and offers a novel route for gene manipulation in cultured nonhuman mammalian cells.
Different modes of ligand binding to the hepatic galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine lectin on the surface of rabbit hepatocytes (1985)

A study of the binding of three different 125I-labeled, galactose-terminated ligands to the hepatic galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin found on the surface of rabbit hepatocytes revealed that the different ligands manifest different physical parameters of binding. Asialoorosomucoid (125I-ASOR) binding was best described as involving two independent classes of binding sites on rabbit hepatocytes, with 161 000 sites/cell with a dissociation constant of 0.44 nM and 292 000 sites/cell with a Kd of 9.7 nM. Asialotriantennary glycopeptide purified from human alpha-1 protease inhibitor and modified with tyrosine at the N-terminus to permit radioiodination (TRI) [Lee, Y. C., Townsend, R. R., Hardy, M. R., Lönngren, J., Arnarp, J., Haraldsson, M., & Lönn, H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 199-202] was also found to bind to two apparent classes of binding sites but with different binding parameters: 292 000 sites/cell of Kd = 1.47 nM and 982 000 sites/cell of Kd = 25.3 nM. A synthetic ligand, alpha,beta-diaspartamide of tris[(beta-lactosyloxy)methyl](6-aminohexanamido)methane (di-tris-lac) containing six nonreducing galactose residues [Lee, R. T., Lin, P., & Lee, Y. C. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4255-4261], was found to bind to 817 000 sites/cell of Kd = 0.63 nM and 1.23 X 10(6) sites/cell of Kd = 25.3 nM. Thus, there were many more total binding sites for TRI or di-tris-lac on the surface of rabbit hepatocytes than there were for asialoorosomucoid, although the dissociation constants were similar for all three ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polydepsipeptides. 6. Synthesis of Sequential Polymers Containing Varying Ratios of L-Alanine and L-Lactic Acid (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolydepsipeptides. 6. Synthesis of Sequential Polymers Containing Varying Ratios of L-Alanine and L-Lactic AcidL. J. Mathias, W. D. Fuller, D. Nissen, and M. GoodmanCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 3, 534–539Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60063a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60063a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Broad-Spectrum Efficacy across Cognitive Domains by α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonism Correlates with Activation of ERK1/2 and CREB Phosphorylation Pathways (2007)

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in cognitive processes and may represent a drug target for treating cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we used a novel alpha7 nAChR-selective agonist, 2-methyl-5-(6-phenyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (A-582941) to interrogate cognitive efficacy, as well as examine potential cellular mechanisms of cognition. Exhibiting high affinity to native rat (Ki = 10.8 nM) and human (Ki = 16.7 nM) alpha7 nAChRs, A-582941 enhanced cognitive performance in behavioral assays including the monkey delayed matching-to-sample, rat social recognition, and mouse inhibitory avoidance models that capture domains of working memory, short-term recognition memory, and long-term memory consolidation, respectively. In addition, A-582941 normalized sensory gating deficits induced by the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine in rats, and in DBA/2 mice that exhibit a natural sensory gating deficit. Examination of signaling pathways known to be involved in cognitive function revealed that alpha7 nAChR agonism increased extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Furthermore, increases in ERK1/2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation were observed in mouse cingulate cortex and/or hippocampus after acute A-582941 administration producing plasma concentrations in the range of alpha7 binding affinities and behavioral efficacious doses. The MEK inhibitor SL327 completely blocked alpha7 agonist-evoked ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that alpha7 nAChR agonism can lead to broad-spectrum efficacy in animal models at doses that enhance ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation/activation and may represent a mechanism that offers potential to improve cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
Identification of Fluorescein-5‘-Isothiocyanate-Modification Sites in Proteins by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Model peptides and proteins, such as hen eggwhite lysozyme, have been modified with fluorescein-5'-isothiocyanate (FITC) to yield the corresponding fluorescein-thiocarbamoyl (FTC) conjugates (N, N'-disubstituted thiourea and dithiourethane adducts). The extent of FITC incorporation, i.e., number of modified residues, has been identified by direct molecular weight determination using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS; ESI-MS). A specific fragmentation by cleavage of the FTC moiety from modified residues occurs by nozzle-skimmer dissociation in ESI mass spectra at increased declustering potential. This fragmentation pathway is easily obtained and renders ESI-MS an efficient tool for the characterization of FITC-modified proteins, and identification of modification sites in FTC-peptide mixtures.
Cotransplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Might Prevent Death from Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) without Abrogating Graft-versus-Tumor Effects after HLA-Mismatched Allogeneic Transplantation following Nonmyeloablative Conditioning (2010)

Recent studies have suggested that coinfusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) the day of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) might promote engraftment and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after myeloablative allogeneic HCT. This prompted us to investigate in a pilot study whether MSC infusion before HCT could allow nonmyeloablative (NMA) HCT (a transplant strategy based nearly exclusively on graft-versus-tumor effects for tumor eradication) from HLA-mismatched donors to be performed safely. Twenty patients with hematologic malignancies were given MSCs from third party unrelated donors 30-120 minutes before peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors, after conditioning with 2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and fludarabine. The primary endpoint was safety, defined as a 100-day incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) <35%. One patient had primary graft rejection, whereas the remaining 19 patients had sustained engraftment. The 100-day cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) was 35%, whereas 65% of the patients experienced moderate/severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD). One-year NRM (10%), relapse (30%), overall survival (OS) (80%) and progression-free survival (PFS) (60%), and 1-year incidence of death from GVHD or infection with GVHD (10%) were encouraging. These figures compare favorably with those observed in a historic group of 16 patients given HLA-mismatched PBSCs (but no MSCs) after NMA conditioning, which had a 1-year incidence of NRM of 37% (P = .02), a 1-year incidence of relapse of 25% (NS), a 1-year OS and PFS of 44% (P = .02), and 38% (P = .1), respectively, and a 1-year rate of death from GVHD or infection with GVHD of 31% (P = .04). In conclusion, our data suggest that HLA-mismatched NMA HCT with MSC coinfusion appeared to be safe.
An integrated physical and gene map of the 3.5-Mb chromosome 3p21.3 (AP20) region implicated in major human epithelial malignancies. (2003)

To facilitate the identification of tumor suppressor genes in the chromosome 3p21.3-p22 AP20 subregion, we constructed a 3.5-Mb physical and gene map of this segment (between markers D3S4285 and D3S3873) that spans the distance from 124.4cR3000 to 133.5 cR3000 of the GB4 genetic map. We used NotI-linking and -jumping clones, sequence-tagged site PCR marker analysis, and multicolor and fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the sequence order and map orientation. An integrated clone contig composed of 5 yeast artificial chromosome, 15 bacterial artificial chromosome, 5 P1 artificial chromosome, and 8 NotI-linking clones provided the physical base of the map. We unequivocally established the order of 28 sequence-tagged sites and 35 genes in the region. Gaps between published bacterial artificial chromosome contigs were determined and covered by our own sequence data. Furthermore, three new genes were isolated, namely the human homologue to the rat Golgi peripheral membrane protein p65, GOLPH5 (GORASP1), the gene for stress-inducible protein, STI2, and the AP20-region gene 1, APRG1. The tumor suppressor gene candidate APRG1 was positioned close to the border of the homozygous deletion in a small cell lung cancer cell line ACC-LC5. Expression analysis with a tissue-specific panel of cDNA revealed seven distinct tissue-specific splice variants (A-G) of the message (size range, 1.0-1.8 kb). Although the gene was expressed at a low level in all tested tissues, comparatively higher expression was detected in pancreas (splice forms B and D), kidney (A) and placenta (B and C). The APRG1 gene encoded a predicted protein of 170 amino acids (isoform B), which had an NH2-terminal part conserved among members of the eukaryotic translation factor 6 gene family. A Prosite pattern corresponding to the cell attachment sequence Arg-Gly-Asp was also found. The presence of this domain raised the intriguing possibility that APRG1B may be directly involved in membrane interactions and cell adhesion. We showed that the AP20 region was duplicated during mammalian evolution and homologous gene clusters were present in human chromosome 2 and syntenic mouse regions on chromosomes 1, 2, and 9. Interestingly, the HYA22 gene (human ortholog of the yeast YA22 gene) was located at the borders of both breakpoints, evolutionarily conserved gene cluster and homozygous deletions detected in lung, kidney and other cancers. NotI digestion revealed that the AP20 region was frequently and extensively methylated in renal carcinoma cell lines and tumor biopsies.
Combining statistical learning with a knowledge-based approach: A case study in intensive care monitoring (1999)

The paper describes a case study in combining different methods for acquiring medical knowledge. Given a huge amount of noisy, high dimensional numerical time series data describing patients in intensive care, the support vector machine is used to learn when and how to change the dose of which drug. Given medical knowledge about and expertise in clinical decision making, a first-order logic knowledge base about effects of therapeutical interventions has been built. As a preprocessing mechanism it uses another statistical method. The integration of numerical and knowledge-based procedures eases the task of validation in two ways. On one hand, the knowledge base is validated with respect to past patients&amp;apos; records. On the other hand, medical interventions that are recommended by learning results are justified by the knowledge base. 1 Introduction In this paper, we want to present a challenging application of machine learning. The learning methods we use are already well known and theoret...
Gd-DOTA: characterization of a new paramagnetic complex. (1988)

The relaxivity, biodistribution, and toxicity of the gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) complex were evaluated. This cyclic complex has much greater in vitro stability (10(28)) than similar noncyclic complexes such as gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (10(23)) or gadolinium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Gd-EDTA) (10(17)). The T1 relaxivity of Gd-DOTA (meglumine salt) determined in saline and in liver tissue at 20 MHz was similar to the relaxivity of Gd-DTPA. Tissue proton relaxation enhancement (PRE) correlated closely with chemical measurement of tissue gadolinium concentration. In rats, the biodistribution of Gd-DOTA was similar to Gd-DTPA with a distribution half-life of 3 minutes and an elimination half-life of 18 minutes. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice of Gd-DOTA was 93% higher than that of Gd-DTPA; the calculated safety factor (ratio of LD50 to effective dose) was 53 for Gd-DOTA and 28 for Gd-DTPA. The data suggest that in vitro stability correlates with in vivo safety.
Topical Ophthalmic Beta Blockers: A Comparative Review (1993)

Topically administered beta blockers are the preferred medical therapy for glaucoma. These agents reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), thereby preventing damage to the optic nerve and the subsequent loss of vision. Timolol, betaxolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, and carteolol are the topical beta blockers available in the U.S. They have similar IOP-lowering efficacy, but differ in other pharmacological properties. Topically administered beta blockers are generally well tolerated. They undergo systemic absorption, however, and can adversely affect cardiovascular and bronchopulmonary function in patients with existing diseases such as heart failure, sinus bradycardia, chronic obstructive airways disease, or asthma. Betaxolol, which is beta 1-selective, and carteolol, which has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), may have systemic tolerability profiles superior to the traditional nonselective, non-ISA beta blockers. These hypotheses require confirmation in controlled clinical trials. Local adverse effects associated with beta blockers include stinging, burning, red eye, itching, tearing and loss of corneal sensitivity. Stinging upon instillation is a particularly frequent finding with betaxolol (up to 30% to 40% of patients). Preliminary evidence suggests that carteolol has the best local tolerability profile of these drugs.
Four 2D metal–organic networks incorporating Cd-cluster SUBs: hydrothermal synthesis, structures and photoluminescent properties (2008)

Hydro(solvo)thermal reactions between 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′,3,3′-tetracarboxyl acid (H4bptc) and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O at the presence of the ‘second’ ligands of bpydo, bpe, bpp and bix (bpydo = 4,4′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide; bpe = 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethane; bpp = 1,3-Bis-(4-pyridyl)propane; bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene) yield four new 2D metal–organic coordination polymers [Cd9(bptc)4(μ3-OH)2(H2O)14]·(bpydo)·2H2O (2), [Cd2(bptc)(bpe)(H2O)2]·H2O (3), [Cd4(bptc)(Hbptc)(bpp)(μ3-OH)(H2O)4] (4), [Cd2(bptc)(bix)(H2O)] (5). Compound 2 presents a 2D grid structure with heptanuclear cadmium cluster and two kinds of discrete Cd atoms secondary building units (SUBs), 3 has a 2D structure with the novel Schläfli symbol of (4.62)(43.63)(44.610.8), 4 gives a 2D grid structure with a pentanuclear cadmium cluster, binuclear cadmium cluster and discrete Cd atom SUBs, and 5 has a 2D distorted CdI2-type topology structure with the Schläfli symbol of (43)2(46.66.83). The novel achiral crown-ether-like cycles in 2, 4 and 5 are found and occupied by the single Cd atom or binuclear cadmium cluster. All compounds give strong luminescent emission and have potential application as optical materials.
Quantitative analysis of MDR1 (multidrug resistance) gene expression in human tumors by polymerase chain reaction. (1990)

The resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. In human cells, expression of the MDR1 gene, encoding a transmembrane efflux pump (P-glycoprotein), leads to decreased intracellular accumulation and resistance to a variety of lipophilic drugs (multidrug resistance; MDR). The levels of MDR in cell lines selected in vitro have been shown to correlate with the steady-state levels of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein. In cells with a severalfold increase in cellular drug resistance, MDR1 expression levels are close to the limits of detection by conventional assays. MDR1 expression has been frequently observed in human tumors after chemotherapy and in some but not all types of clinically refractory tumors untreated with chemotherapeutic drugs. We have devised a highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative protocol for measuring the levels of MDR1 mRNA in clinical samples, based on the polymerase chain reaction. We have used this assay to measure MDR1 gene expression in MDR cell lines and greater than 300 normal tissues, tumor-derived cell lines, and clinical specimens of untreated tumors of the types in which MDR1 expression was rarely observed by standard assays. Low levels of MDR1 expression were found by polymerase chain reaction in most solid tumors and leukemias tested. The frequency of samples without detectable MDR1 expression varied among different types of tumors; MDR1-negative samples were most common among tumor types known to be relatively responsive to chemotherapy.