gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ablative and acoustic response of pulsed UV laser-irradiated vascular tissue in a liquid environment (1988)

Pulsed laser studies of the attenuation properties and ablation characteristics of vascular tissue in a liquid environment are reported. Acoustic waves produced by the thermoelastic effect and high fluence ablation have been studied, together with ablative removal rates for diseased and healthy tissue samples using the KrF, XeCl, and frequency-doubled YAG lasers. Tissue attenuation coefficients, ablation thresholds, and time scales are reported and compared with those for samples in air.
Exploiting the IR Transparency of Graphene for Fast Pyroelectric Infrared Detection (2014)

The IR transparency of graphene is exploited for the first time for use in pyroelectric IR detection. Graphene's unique combination of IR transparency and electrical conductivity enables considerable improvement in the operating frequency of pyroelectric sensors, without degradation in detector sensitivity. This study presents a new perspective for using graphene in IR sensing and thermal imaging applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Diffraction-limited imaging of unknown objects through fixed unknown aberrations using interferometry (1990)

Diffraction-limited imaging of unknown objects through fixed unknown aberrations is demonstrated using rotational shear interferograms. Objects are assumed to be fully incoherent. No reference point source is used to calibrate the effects of aberrations. Several algorithms are described, and two are successfully used to reconstruct extended objects. Best results are obtained by combining the two successful ones.
OVAREX™ MAb-B43.13:IFN-γ Could Improve the Ovarian Tumor Cell Sensitivity to CA125-Specific Allogenic Cytotoxic T Cells (1997)

Various immunological parameters were studied in 100 ovarian cancer patients injected with the OVAREX therapeutic vaccine (the functional component of which is anti-CA125 MAb-B43.13) to explain the serendipitous observation of prolonged survival after such treatment. In addition to CA125-specific humoral and cellular responses, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was also found to be induced in those patients receiving the vaccine. In vitro studies indicated that the expression of MHC I, MHC II, and ICAM I in ovarian tumor cells were upregulated in response to IFN-gamma. Such tumor cells were also found to be more sensitive to CA125-specific cytotoxic T cells compared to cells that were not incubated with IFN-gamma.
Influences on Progesterone Concentration in Bovine Milk (1981)

Factors affecting progesterone concentrations in milk of lactating dairy cows were studied and discussed as they pertained to pregnancy diagnosis. Adding a preservative to milk allowed storage at room temperature for 10 days with no effect on progesterone analysis. Progesterone content in first, composite, and last milk was associated with fat content, although correlation between progesterone concentration in composite milk and fat percentage was low. Variation was considerable in individual samples for each of the milk fractions. Day of the estrous cycle was the most important factor affecting progesterone concentration in milk from cycling cows. Samples for pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone should be collected near the time that nonpregnant cows are expected to return to estrus. Progesterone concentration in milk from pregnant cows remained high throughout gestation with progesterone concentrations similar to those in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Mood Stabilization in Manic-Depressive Illness: The Phenotype Challenge (1999)

Despite the plethora of lithium effects at the genomic level, direct evidence that the genes identified thus far are responsible for phenotypic changes associated with chronic lithium treatment is still lacking. The combination of sensitive molecular technologies, appropriately designed paradigms, better behavioral analysis, and a chronobiologic approach seems necessary for the future identification of one or more clinically relevant lithium-target genes.
Semiautomated Clone Verification by Real-Time PCR Using Molecular Beacons (2000)

Conventional, high-throughput PCR analysis of common elements utilizing numerous primer sets and template DNA requires multiple rounds of PCR to ensure optimal conditions. Laborious gel electrophoresis and staining is then necessary to visualize amplification products. We propose novel multicolor molecular beacons, to establish a high-throughput, PCR-based sequence tagged site (STS) detection system that swiftly and accurately confirms marker content in template containing common repeat elements. A simple, one-tube, real-time PCR assay system was developed to specifically detect regions containing CA and GATA repeats. Ninety-six samples can be confirmed for marker content in a closed-tube format in 3 h, eliminating product confirmation on agarose gels and avoiding crossover contamination. Multiple STSs can be detected simultaneously in the same reaction tube by utilizing molecular beacons labeled with multicolor fluorophores. Template DNA from 260 RPCI-11 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones was examined for the presence of CA and/or GATA repeats using molecular beacon PCR and compared with conventional PCR results of the same clones. Of the 205 clones containing CA and GATA repeats, we were able to identify 129 clones (CA, n = 99; GATA, n = 30) by using molecular beacons and only 121 clones (CA, n = 92; GATA, n = 29) by conventional PCR amplification. As anticipated, 55 clones that contained sequences other than CA or GATA failed molecular beacon detection. Molecular beacon PCR, employing beacons specific for tandem repeat elements, provides a fast, accurate, and sensitive multiplex detection assay that will expedite verification of marker content in a multitude of template containing these repeats.
Psychiatric Drug Discovery and Development (2003)

This new conference on Psychiatric Drug Research was organised by the Strategic Research Institute and was chaired by P McGonigle (Wyeth Research, USA) and D Schoepp (Eli Lilly, USA). The 2-day meeting featured presentations from an international assembly of industrial and academic experts who have significantly contributed to the current body of knowledge in the field of psychotherapeutics. D Weinberger (NIMH, USA) gave an elegant keynote lecture on the application of genomics in psychopharmacology. Other presentations covered the latest technological advances, animal models and mechanistic approaches utilised in drug discovery for neuropsychiatric disorders and reviewed the current status of numerous novel targets resulting from these strategies.
Mouse cardiac surgery: comprehensive techniques for the generation of mouse models of human diseases and their application for genomic studies (2004)

Mouse models mimicking human diseases are important tools in trying to understand the underlying mechanisms of many disease states. Several surgical models have been described that mimic human myocardial infarction (MI) and pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, there are very few detailed descriptions for performing these surgical techniques in mice. Consequently, the number of laboratories that are proficient in performing cardiac surgical procedures in mice has been limited. Microarray technologies measure the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously, allowing for the identification of genes and pathways that may potentially be involved in the disease process. The statistical analysis of microarray experiments is highly influenced by the amount of variability in the experiment. To keep the number of required independent biological replicates and the associated costs of the study to a minimum, it is critical to minimize experimental variability by optimizing the surgical procedures. The aim of this publication was to provide a detailed description of techniques required to perform mouse cardiac surgery, such that these models can be utilized for genomic studies. A description of three major surgical procedures has been provided: 1) aortic constriction, 2) pulmonary artery banding, 3) MI (including ischemia-reperfusion). Emphasis has been placed on technical procedures with the inclusion of thorough descriptions of all equipment and devices employed in surgery, as well as the application of such techniques for expression profiling studies. The cardiac surgical techniques described have been, and will continue to be, important for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and failure with high-throughput technology.
Induction of Meniscal Regeneration in Dogs Using a Novel Biomaterial (1999)

A unique biomaterial, porcine small intestinal submucosa, was used to construct grafts for implantation into surgically created medial meniscal defects in dogs. Five dogs received grafts and two were left untreated as controls. All dogs were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by means of lameness scoring, force plate analysis, and ultrasonography. Twelve weeks after implantation the dogs were sacrificed and the replacement tissue was evaluated for gross and histologic appearance, amount, glycosaminoglycan content, and type II collagen immunoreactivity. Four weeks after instrumentation, both groups had lameness scores that were significantly higher than preoperative scores, but at the 8- and 12-week evaluations, scores for the grafted dogs were not different from preoperative values. The ultrasonographic appearance of replacement tissue in grafted defects resembled normal meniscus. In the untreated defects, only unorganized tissue was present. In control dogs, replacement tissue resembled fibrous tissue and cartilage erosions were visible on the medial femoral condyles. In four of the five grafted dogs, replacement tissue was grossly indistinguishable from normal meniscus. The amount of tissue in the defect was significantly greater for the grafted dogs. Histologically, replacement tissue in control dogs was composed of vascularized connective tissue with no evidence of chondroid differentiation. Replacement tissue in grafted dogs closely resembled normal meniscal tissue with respect to chondroid differentiation, collagen content, and zonal architecture. Porcine small intestinal submucosa appeared to have beneficial effects on meniscal regeneration.
High frequency non-invasive stimulation over the spine: Effects on mood and mechanical pain tolerance in normal subjects. (1997)

We investigated the effects of non-invasive high frequency (625Hz) stimulation over the spine on mechanical pain tolerance and subjective mood. Sixty healthy subjects were divided equally into three groups receiving either high intensity (250 V), low intensity (3-4 V) or sham electrical stimulation directly over the spinal cord for 30 minutes. Following high intensity stimulation, subjects felt significantly more elated, leisurely and less tense and, contrary to reports on patients with clinical pain, had lower mechanical pain tolerances. There were no correlations between changes in mood and changes in mechanical pain tolerances. These findings contrasted with the lack of any significant differences in mood or mechanical pain tolerances in a second study where 20 subjects received either high intensity or sham stimulation across the left shoulder joint. The results indicate that decreases in mechanical pain tolerance are independent of changes in mood following non-invasive high frequency, high intensity cutaneous stimulation but that both effects are dependent on that stimulation being applied over the spine.
A Prospective Study of the Effect of Foot Orthoses Composition and Fabrication on Comfort and the Incidence of Overuse Injuries (2004)

These findings suggest that if a foot orthosis is being dispensed as prophylaxis for overuse injuries in an active, healthy population, there is little justification for prescribing semirigid biomechanical orthoses. Their cost is high compared to other types of orthoses, without an advantage in comfort or a reduction in stress fractures, ankle sprains, and foot problems.
Wet Seed Treatments for the Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon (1996)

The bacterium causing fruit blotch of watermelon was transmitted in seeds from fruit that had the typical water-soaking symptom; from fruit that had small, restricted, necrotic lesions; and from symptomless fruit adjacent to typically symptomatic fruit. Storage of seed at 12°C for 12 months did not reduce the level of seed transmission. Fermentation of seeds in watermelon juice and debris prior to washing and drying reduced the level of seed transmission from symptomatic fruit from 61% to less than 1%. Treatment of washed seeds from symptomatic fruit with 1% CaOCl 2 for 15 min was relatively ineffective in reducing seed transmission, but 1% HCI for 15 min was as effective as fermentation. Fermentation of seeds for 24 to 48 h followed by 1% HCI or 1% CaOCl 2 treatment for 15 min prior to washing and drying were the most effective treatments for eliminating bacterial contamination of watermelon seeds. These treatments did not adversely affect seed germination.
The discovery of phenylketonuria (1994)

In 1934, two severely mentally retarded children were examined by Dr Asbjørn Følling. He proved, by classical organic chemistry, that they excreted phenylpyruvic acid in their urine. The substance was also found in the urine of eight additional mentally retarded patients. Based on these observations, oligophrenia phenylpyrouvica (later termed phenylketonuria) was described as a new inborn error of metabolism. Følling later showed the pattern of an autosomal recessive genetic disease, probably caused by a block in phenylalanine metabolism, and that asymptomatic heterozygote carriers of the trait could be detected by phenylalanine loading. The stepwise elucidation and the line of reasoning are described. Phenylketonuria was the first inborn error of metabolism shown to affect the mind, and its importance as a model disease is emphasized. The article finally gives some insight into aspects of the personality of the discoverer.
Very low rate convolution codes for maximum theoretical performance of spread-spectrum multiple-access channels (1990)

A spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) communication system is treated for which both spreading and error control is provided by binary PSK modulation with orthogonal convolution codes. Performance of spread-spectrum multiple access by a large number of users employing this type of coded modulation is determined in the presence of background Gaussian noise. With this approach and coordinated processing at a common receiver, it is shown that the aggregate data rate of all simultaneous users can approach the Shannon capacity of the Gaussian noise channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism Of Phage-Induced Lysis In Pneumococci (1983)

Earlier studies have suggested the possible role of host autolytic enzyme in the release of progeny phage from Dp-1 infected pneumococci. Several new experiments described here reinforce this notion. Specifically, the resistance of an autolysis-defective mutant to infection at low phage to cell ratios could be eliminated by prior 'coating' of the host bacteria with pneumococcal autolysin isolated from wild-type cells. Similar, productive infection was also possible by lowering the temperature of incubation to 30 degrees C, a condition that leads to a partial activation of the thermosensitive residual autolysin in the mutant cells. Other experiments, however, clearly indicate the role of the newly discovered phage-associated lysin (PAL), reported in the accompanying communication, in bacteriophage release and culture lysis; specifically, lysis was stimulated by reducing agents and inhibited by cardiolipin. It seems that both the host-related and the PAL activities are involved with Dp-1 induced lysis of pneumococci.
Radiation-induced clock jitter and race (2005)

The paper assesses the reliability risk due to radiation-induced single event upsets (SEU) of clock nodes for flip flop and pulse latch based designs. Two basic upset modes are identified: radiation-induced clock jitter and radiation-induced race. Our simulation results indicate that the radiation-induced clock soft error rate (SER) cannot be neglected on the chip-level. Particularly for pulse latch based designs, upsets occurring in the clock generator have the potential to dominate the chip-level SER if no mitigation techniques are applied. Our results show that the hardened pulse latch in combination with a hardened and shared pulse generator yields a 20/spl times/ improvement in sequential SER as well as the lowest susceptibility to radiation-induced race and clock jitter with little area and performance penalty.
Anticodon Domain Methylated Nucleosides of Yeast tRNAPhe Are Significant Recognition Determinants in the Binding of a Phage Display Selected Peptide (2001)

The contributions of the natural modified nucleosides to RNA identity in protein/RNA interactions are not understood. We had demonstrated that 15 amino acid long peptides could be selected from a random phage display library using the criterion of binding to a modified, rather than unmodified, anticodon domain of yeast tRNA(Phe) (ASL(Phe)). Affinity and specificity of the selected peptides for the modified ASL(Phe) have been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy of the peptides' tryptophans. One of the peptides selected, peptide t(F)2, exhibited the highest specificity and most significant affinity for ASL(Phe) modified with 2'-O-methylated cytidine-32 and guanosine-34 (Cm(32) and Gm(34)) and 5-methylated cytidine-40 (m(5)C(40)) (K(d) = 1.3 +/- 0.4 microM) and a doubly modified ASL(Phe)-Gm(34),m(5)C(40) and native yeast tRNA(Phe) (K(d) congruent with 2.3 and 3.8 microM, respectively) in comparison to that for the unmodified ASL(Phe) (K(d) = 70.1 +/- 12.3 microM). Affinity was reduced when a modification altered the ASL loop structure, and binding was negated by modifications that disfavored hairpin formation. Peptide t(F)2's higher affinity for the ASL(Phe)-Cm(32),Gm(34),m(5)C(40) hairpin and fluorescence resonance energy transfer from its tryptophan to the hypermodified wybutosine-37 in the native tRNA(Phe) placed the peptide across the anticodon loop and onto the 3'-side of the stem. Inhibition of purified yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FRS) catalyzed aminoacylation of cognate yeast tRNA(Phe) corroborated the peptide's binding to the anticodon domain. The phage-selected peptide t(F)2 has three of the four amino acids crucial to G(34) recognition by the beta-structure of the anticodon-binding domain of Thermus thermophilus FRS and exhibited circular dichroism spectral properties characteristic of beta-structure. Thus, modifications as simple as methylations contribute identity elements that a selected peptide specifically recognizes in binding synthetic and native tRNA and in inhibiting tRNA aminoacylation.
Enhancement of photoluminescence in manganese-doped ZnS nanoparticles due to a silica shell (2003)

Zinc sulphide nanoparticles doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn) have been stabilized using thioglycerol [HSCH2CH(OH)CH2OH] molecules. The nanoparticles (∼1.7 nm) are highly stable and exhibit photoluminescence at ∼600 nm when excited with ultraviolet light. For increasing luminescence and stability the particles are further treated with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)[Si(C2H5O)4] in an aqueous medium, yielding either a disordered silica matrix or spherical core-shell particles of up to ∼900 nm size with strongly enhanced luminescence under certain conditions. Photoluminescence, excitation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been performed for the characterization of the ZnS:Mn nanoparticles alone, in the silica matrix as well as in spherical silica shells. Among other things, the analysis indicates that the thioglycerol capping has been affected by the coating neither in the silica matrix nor in core-shell particles.
Tumor-associated macrophages, potential targets for cancer treatment (2017)

The fact that various immune cells, including macrophages, can be found in tumor tissues has long been known. With the introduction of concept that macrophages differentiate into a classically or alternatively activated phenotype, the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is now beginning to be elucidated. TAMs act as "protumoral macrophages", contributing to disease progression. As the relationship between TAMs and malignant tumors becomes clearer, TAMs are beginning to be seen as potential therapeutic targets in these cases. In this review, we will discuss how TAMs can be used as therapeutic targets of cancer in clinics.
Rates of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Disease among Adolescents and Adults in Kathmandu, Nepal (1997)

To determine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and disease rates in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, serum was collected from 757 healthy Nepalese (ages 12-48 years) during March and September 1992 and September 1993. At each visit, reports of interval illness were obtained. Sera were examined for IgG to HEV, using a commercially available kit. Seroconversion was used as a marker for HEV infection, and an episode of hepatitis E was defined as a history of jaundice with seroconversion. Seroprevalence ranged from 16% to 31% and increased with age, whereas both infection and disease rates decreased with age. Infection and disease rates were as high as 99/1000 and 45/1000 person-years, respectively. These results highlight the importance of sporadic hepatitis E as a public health problem among adolescents and young adults in this region.
SUGAR COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WALL AND THE TAXONOMY OF CHLORELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1 (1991)

ABSTRACT Cell walls of forty Chlorella strains covering all species of the Algal Collection of Göttingen (C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. kessleri, C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. protothecoides, C. saccharophila, C. sorokiniana, C. vulgaris , and C. zofingiensis) were compared. The nine species were divided into two groups according to the major sugar in the rigid wall. The first group had a glucose‐mannose‐rigid wall and included C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. protothecoides, C. saccharophila , and C. zofingiensis. The second group, with a glucosamine‐rigid wall, included C. kessleri, C. sorokiniana , and C. vulgaris. Chlorella strains of the nine species were further classified by constituent sugars, ruthenium red stainability, and anisotropy of the cell walls.