gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding interleukin 11, a stromal cell-derived lymphopoietic and hematopoietic cytokine. (1990)

Hematopoiesis occurs in close association with a complex network of cells loosely termed the hematopoietic microenvironment. Analysis of the mechanisms of microenvironmental regulation of hematopoiesis has been hindered by the complexity of the microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitor cells. We have established immortalized primate bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines to facilitate analysis of the interactions of hematopoietic cells with the microenvironment in a large animal species. One such line, PU-34, was found to produce a variety of growth factors, including an activity that stimulates the proliferation of an interleukin 6-dependent murine plasmacytoma cell line. A cDNA encoding the plasmacytoma stimulatory activity was isolated through functional expression cloning in mammalian cells. The nucleotide sequence contained a single long reading frame of 597 nucleotides encoding a predicted 199-amino acid polypeptide. The amino acid sequence of this cytokine, designated interleukin 11 (IL-11), did not display significant similarity with any other sequence in the GenBank data base. Preliminary biological characterization indicates that in addition to stimulating plasmacytoma proliferation, IL-11 stimulates the T-cell-dependent development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells and synergizes with IL-3 in supporting murine megakaryocyte colony formation. These properties implicate IL-11 as an additional multifunctional regulator in the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Defective Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure (1997)

Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure caused by high blood pressure were studied in single myocytes taken from hypertensive rats (Dahl SS/Jr) and SH-HF rats in heart failure. Confocal microscopy and patch-clamp methods were used to examine excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, and the relation between the plasma membrane calcium current (ICa) and evoked calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which was visualized as "calcium sparks." The ability of ICa to trigger calcium release from the SR in both hypertrophied and failing hearts was reduced. Because ICa density and SR calcium-release channels were normal, the defect appears to reside in a change in the relation between SR calcium-release channels and sarcolemmal calcium channels. beta-Adrenergic stimulation largely overcame the defect in hypertrophic but not failing heart cells. Thus, the same defect in EC coupling that develops during hypertrophy may contribute to heart failure when compensatory mechanisms fail.
Probiotics (2010)

Probiotics have demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating various medical conditions, particularly those involving the gastrointestinal tract. Data supporting their role in other conditions are often conflicting.
Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor up-regulates molecular effectors of tumor invasion. (2002)

The gene most commonly altered in human glioblastomas is the epidermalgrowth factor receptor (EGFR). We profiled transcripts induced by mutantEGFR to better understand its role in tumor progression. The pattern found suggested enhanced tumor invasion. The highly induced genes included extracellular matrix components, metalloproteases, and a serine protease. We confirmed that mutant EGFR did make glioblastoma cells both more motile and invasive using in vitro assays. Furthermore, inhibitors of EGFR (OSI-774 and Tyrphostin AG1478) selectively down-regulated these molecular effectors in glioblastoma cells, eliminating enhanced invasion.
A Spectrophotometric Assay for Avidin and Biotin Based on Binding of Dyes by Avidin (1965)

Research Article| March 01 1965 A Spectrophotometric Assay for Avidin and Biotin Based on Binding of Dyes by Avidin N. M. Green N. M. Green Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1965 The Biochemical Society1965 Biochem J (1965) 94 (3): 23C–24C. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0940023C Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation N. M. Green; A Spectrophotometric Assay for Avidin and Biotin Based on Binding of Dyes by Avidin. Biochem J 1 March 1965; 94 (3): 23C–24C. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0940023C Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1965 The Biochemical Society1965 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Optical coherence tomography of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia (2002)

Optical coherence tomography demonstrated characteristic features at each stage of myopic CNV. Optical coherence tomography appears to be useful in evaluating the stage and activity of myopic CNV.
Integrated Quantum Photonics (2009)

This paper reviews recent advances in integrated waveguide circuits, lithographically fabricated for quantum optics. With the increase in complexity of realizable quantum architectures, the need for stability and high quality nonclassical interference within large optical circuits has become a matter of concern in modern quantum optics. Using integrated waveguide structures, we demonstrate a high performance platform from which to further develop quantum technologies and experimental quantum physics using single photons. We review the performance of directional couplers in Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments, together with inherently stable interferometers with controlled phase shifts for quantum state preparation, manipulation, and measurement as well as demonstrating the first on-chip quantum metrology experiments. These fundamental components of optical quantum circuits are used together to construct integrated linear optical realizations of two-photon quantum controlled logic gates. The high quality quantum mechanical performance observed at the single photon level signifies their central role in future optical quantum technologies.
Structural requirements for galactosylceramide recognition by CD1-restricted NK T cells. (1998)

The reactivity of a group of mouse Valpha14+ NK T cell hybridomas was tested with a panel of analogs of the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Interestingly, the nearly complete truncation of the acyl chain from 24 to 2 carbons does not significantly affect the mouse NK T cell response to glycolipid presented by either mouse CD1 (mCD1) or its human homolog CD1d (hCD1d). Therefore, we propose that only one of the two hydrophobic pockets of the CD1 Ag-binding groove needs to be filled by Ag. In terms of the sphingosine base, the mCD1 binding groove has less-demanding structural requirements for presentation to NK T cells than hCDld. Tests of NK T cell reactivity to analogs presented by hCDld demonstrates that the invariant TCRs expressed by mouse and human NK T cells are surprisingly similar in their requirements for glycolipid recognition.
Applications of next‐generation sequencing in plant biology (2012)

The last several years have seen revolutionary advances in DNA sequencing technologies with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. NGS methods now allow millions of bases to be sequenced in one round, at a fraction of the cost relative to traditional Sanger sequencing. As costs and capabilities of these technologies continue to improve, we are only beginning to see the possibilities of NGS platforms, which are developing in parallel with online availability of a wide range of biological data sets and scientific publications and allowing us to address a variety of questions not possible before. As techniques and data sets continue to improve and grow, we are rapidly moving to the point where every organism, not just select "model organisms", is open to the power of NGS. This volume presents a brief synopsis of NGS technologies and the development of exemplary applications of such methods in the fields of molecular marker development, hybridization and introgression, transcriptome investigations, phylogenetic and ecological studies, polyploid genetics, and applications for large genebank collections.
Dominance relationships among mutant alleles of regulatory gene araC in the Escherichia coli B/R L-arabinose operon (1986)

The araBAD operon of Escherichia coli B/r is positively and negatively regulated by the araC+ regulatory protein. Mutations in gene araC can result in a variety of different regulatory phenotypes: araC null mutants (those carrying a null allele exhibiting no repressor or activator activity) are unable to achieve operon induction; araC-constitutive (araCc) mutants are partially constitutive, inducible by D-fucose, and resistant to catabolite repression; araCh mutants are hypersensitive to catabolite repression; and araCi mutants are resistant to catabolite repression. Various mutant alleles of gene araC were cloned into a derivative of plasmid pBR322 by in vivo recombination. Various heterozygous araC allelic combinations were constructed by transformation. Analysis of isomerase (araA) specific activity levels under various growth conditions indicated the following dominance relationships with regard to sensitivity to catabolite repression: araCh greater than araC+ greater than (araCc and araCi) greater than araC. It was concluded that the araCh protein may form a repressor complex that is refractory to removal by cyclic AMP receptor protein-cyclic AMP complex. This was interpreted in terms of the known nucleoprotein interactions between ara regulatory proteins and ara regulatory DNA.
Fluorescence superquenching of conjugated polyelectrolytes: applications for biosensing and drug discovery (2005)

This “Applications” article focuses on superquenching of the fluorescence of conjugated polyelectrolytes and related fluorescent polyelectrolytes and its applications to biosensing. Superquenching can occur for both aqueous solutions of these polymers as well as for various supported formats. For biosensing the supported formats are generally most practical. Three practical sensing applications are reviewed: nucleic acids, protease enzyme activity assays and kinase/phosphatase assays based on metal-ion-mediated superquenching.
The Inflammation-associated Protein TSG-6 Cross-links Hyaluronan via Hyaluronan-induced TSG-6 Oligomers (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a hyaluronan (HA)-binding protein that plays important roles in inflammation and ovulation. TSG-6-mediated cross-linking of HA has been proposed as a functional mechanism (e.g. for regulating leukocyte adhesion), but direct evidence for cross-linking is lacking, and we know very little about its impact on HA ultrastructure. Here we used films of polymeric and oligomeric HA chains, end-grafted to a solid support, and a combination of surface-sensitive biophysical techniques to quantify the binding of TSG-6 into HA films and to correlate binding to morphological changes. We find that full-length TSG-6 binds with pronounced positive cooperativity and demonstrate that it can cross-link HA at physiologically relevant concentrations. Our data indicate that cooperative binding of full-length TSG-6 arises from HA-induced protein oligomerization and that the TSG-6 oligomers act as cross-linkers. In contrast, the HA-binding domain of TSG-6 (the Link module) alone binds without positive cooperativity and weaker than the full-length protein. Both the Link module and full-length TSG-6 condensed and rigidified HA films, and the degree of condensation scaled with the affinity between the TSG-6 constructs and HA. We propose that condensation is the result of protein-mediated HA cross-linking. Our findings firmly establish that TSG-6 is a potent HA cross-linking agent and might hence have important implications for the mechanistic understanding of the biological function of TSG-6 (e.g. in inflammation).
Poster: Towards supporting situational awareness using tactile feedback (2014)

In this paper, we describe an approach with the aim of supporting individuals engaged with a task where the eyes are occupied to monitor obstacles within their wider environment. A head-mounted interface has been developed where tactile feedback can be presented to alert the user to important situational events, such as the presence of spatial obstacles. Our research aims to examine ways in which cues can be developed to support levels of situational awareness for decision-making. Early results from our work suggest that the participatory approach adopted offers considerable potential when developing feedback for presentation to sites on the body which are rarely used for tactile interaction (e.g. locations on the head).
RNA Structural Motifs (2011)

Abstract Chemically, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a close cousin of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA is, however, involved in a wide range of cellular activities (e.g. translating genetic information, serving as a structural scaffold, catalysing biological reactions) that often require the molecule to fold into a specific structure in order to perform its targeted function. Structurally and functionally it is therefore more closely related to proteins than to DNA. An RNA structural motif is defined as a collection of residues that fold into a stable three‐dimensional (3D) structure and which can be found in naturally occurring RNAs in unexpected abundance. Owing to the fact that stable 3D structures are associated with RNA structural motifs, these motifs often served as nucleation sites for RNA folding. Key Concepts: RNA motifs can help stabilise a global RNA structure, as well as guide the RNA folding process. Hairpins are essential in constituting RNA tertiary architecture and in forming binding sites for other molecules. Owing to variation of the lengths of loops and stems, as well as the types of interactions between them, pseudoknots represent a structurally diverse group. Triloops and tetraloops with specific sequences are stable and frequently observed hairpin loops. Self‐folding RNA structures, including the adenosine platform, ribose zipper, bulge–helix–bulge motif and G‐bulge motif, can provide the nucleation sites for RNA folding.
Implantable Devices for Chronic Access and Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System (1984)

This is a review of implantable devices for chronic access and drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) via the cerebrospinal fluid, extracellular fluid, and vascular pathways. The current applications of such devices in the management of mycotic meningitis, meningeal leukemia and carcinomatosis, solid malignant tumors of the CNS, intractable cancer-associated pain, unresectable cystic tumors and in cytologic, pharmacologic, and experimental studies on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are assessed. Specific attention is paid to the applications of the most commonly used device, a subcutaneous reservoir and pump (SRP), including its major uses and complications. A new system for local chemotherapy of malignant gliomas, the tumor cyst device (TCD), is also described.
Successful Treatment of Acromegaly: Metabolic and Clinical Studies in 145 Patients (1970)

The successful treatment of acromegaly, a disorder related to hyperfunction of the pituitary gland and first described in 1886 by Marie, has long been sought. The relative insensitivity of the pituitary gland to externally delivered radiation is well known, and the endresults of treatment with conventional radiation have been relatively unsatisfactory—long periods of relief of signs and symptoms have not often been achieved and life expectancy has not been good. Surgical hypophysectomy, pituitary implants using gold-198 or yttrium-90, and cryohypophysectomy have recently been used with considerable success. Thirteen yr ago, after more than 20 yr of radiobiologic research with heavy particles, we started using high-energy protons, and later the 910-MeV alpha-particle beam from a cyclotron to treat patients with acromegaly.1 One hundred twenty patients have been treated, and we have achieved relief of symptoms and signs and a return to normal of elevated growthhormone levels and other metabolic abnormalities as measured by glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. With reversal of the metabolic picture, it is reasonable to expect extension of life span.
MIRD Pamphlet No. 21: A Generalized Schema for Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry—Standardization of Nomenclature (2009)

The internal dosimetry schema of the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine has provided a broad framework for assessment of the absorbed dose to whole organs, tissue subregions, voxelized tissue structures, and individual cellular compartments for use in both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. The schema was originally published in 1968, revised in 1976, and republished in didactic form with comprehensive examples as the MIRD primer in 1988 and 1991. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an organization that also supplies dosimetric models and technical data, for use in providing recommendations for limits on ionizing radiation exposure to workers and members of the general public. The ICRP has developed a dosimetry schema similar to that of the MIRD Committee but has used different terminology and symbols for fundamental quantities such as the absorbed fraction, specific absorbed fraction, and various dose coefficients. The MIRD Committee objectives for this pamphlet are 3-fold: to restate its schema for assessment of absorbed dose in a manner consistent with the needs of both the nuclear medicine and the radiation protection communities, with the goal of standardizing nomenclature; to formally adopt the dosimetry quantities equivalent dose and effective dose for use in comparative evaluations of potential risks of radiation-induced stochastic effects to patients after nuclear medicine procedures; and to discuss the need to identify dosimetry quantities based on absorbed dose that address deterministic effects relevant to targeted radionuclide therapy.
Chymotrypsin‐Catalyzed Peptide Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents (2013)

Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are formed by mixing quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., choline chloride) and hydrogen‐bond donors (e.g., glycerol or urea), which leads to biodegradable and readily available ionic solvents at room temperature. Analogous to other ionic liquids, DESs represent a promising reaction media if hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates need to be combined. This paper assesses DESs as reaction media for chymotrypsin‐catalyzed peptide synthesis. After careful determination of the reaction conditions (e.g., water content, enzyme loading), α‐chymotrypsin displayed high activity for peptide synthesis in choline chloride/glycerol mixtures to afford productivities of ca. 20 g L –1 h –1 and with complete selectivity for the peptide, which is in contrast to the detrimental hydrolysis pathway observed in aqueous media. The nonimmobilized suspended enzyme could be reused several times by simple filtration with excellent to moderate activities. Overall, the results reported suggest that choline chloride based DESs may become promising neoteric solvents for peptide synthesis through biocatalysis.
Taq DNA Polymerase (1989)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for amplifying selectively discrete segments of DNA has found wide-spread applications in molecular biology, due in part, to the substitution of a thermostable DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus (Taq)1 for the previously used E. coli DNA Polymerase I, Klenow fragment (PolI-Kf).2,3 Since Taq DNA Polymerase can withstand repeated exposure to the high temperatures (94°–95°C)1 required for strand separation, the tedium and frequent rebellion resulting from having to add PolI-Kf after each cycle is minimized.
Exciton Features in 0-, 2-, and 3-Dimensional Networks of [PbI6]4-Octahedra (1994)

We have investigated reflection spectra at 4 K for single crystals of (CH 3 NH 3 ) 4 PbI 6 ·2H 2 O which consists of isolated [PbI 6 ] 4- octahedra, (C 10 H 21 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 and (CH 3 NH 3 )PbI 3 , which consist 2- and 3-dimensional networks of [PbI 6 ] 4- , respectively. The formation energy of the lowest exciton state increases from 1.633 eV to 3.4 eV with decreasing the dimensionality in the crystal structure, from the transfer energy between the adjacent octahedra is estimated to be about 0.5 eV. The on-site Coulomb energy in the octahedron is estimated to be 2.3 eV. We suggest that the large on-site Coulomb energy enhances the exciton binding energy, especially in the 2-dimensional system.
Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization Enabled by Cation Exchange in a Metal-Organic Framework (2016)

The manufacture of advanced polyolefins has been critically enabled by the development of single-site heterogeneous catalysts. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential as heterogeneous catalysts that may be designed and tuned on the molecular level. In this work, exchange of zinc ions in Zn5Cl4(BTDD)3, H2BTDD = bis(1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b],[4',5'-i])dibenzo[1,4]dioxin) (MFU-4l) with reactive metals serves to establish a general platform for selective olefin polymerization in a high surface area solid promising for industrial catalysis. Characterization of polyethylene produced by these materials demonstrates both molecular and morphological control. Notably, reactivity approaches single-site catalysis, as evidenced by low polydispersity indices, and good molecular weight control. We further show that these new catalysts copolymerize ethylene and propylene. Uniform growth of the polymer around the catalyst particles provides a mechanism for controlling the polymer morphology, a relevant metric for continuous flow processes.
A platelet membrane protein expressed during platelet activation and secretion. Studies using a monoclonal antibody specific for thrombin-activated platelets. (1984)

To identify structures on the platelet surface which become expressed after platelet activation, we have prepared murine monoclonal antibodies specific for thrombin-activated platelets. Hybridomas were screened for clones producing antibodies which bound to thrombin-activated platelets but not to resting platelets. Clone KC4 was identified. The binding of purified I-labeled KC4 antibody, an IgG1k, to thrombin-activated platelets was saturable. Minimal binding was observed to resting platelets. The interaction of antibody with thrombin-activated platelets was characterized by a binding constant, KD, of 7.2 +/- 0.4 nM and revealed 13,400 +/- 3,000 binding sites per platelet. The presence of Ca2+ or EDTA, a pH ranging from 4 to 10, or high ionic strength had no influence on antigen-antibody interaction. The KC4 antigen was expressed on the platelet surface after activation with ADP, collagen, epinephrine, or thrombin. The extent of [14C] serotonin release during activation was directly proportional to the availability of antigen on the platelet surface regardless of agonist or platelet aggregation. The antibody is directed against a single protein which migrated between GPIIb and GPIIa after sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. This protein was purified from platelet membranes by immunoaffinity chromatography using KC4 antibody-agarose and demonstrated an apparent molecular weight of 140,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both nonreducing and reducing conditions. Of the cells examined, only platelets contained this protein. These results indicate that platelet secretion is associated with the expression of an Mr = 140,000 integral membrane protein composed of a single polypeptide chain. This protein may be component of the internal granule membrane which is fused with the plasma membrane during activation.