gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Production of Antibody against Human Leukocytic Pyrogen (1977)

Human peripheral blood leukocytes were stimulated with killed staphylococci in vitro to release leukocytic pyrogen (LP). Supernates from these stimulated leukocytes were concentrated, emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, and injected intradermally into rabbits. After seven monthly booster injections, rabbit antiserum destroyed the pyrogenic activity of human LP, and the titer of this neutralizing ability increased in the subsequent 7 mo. The pyrogen-neutralizing capacity of the rabbit antiserum was recovered in the globulin fraction, the IgG and IgM peaks of Sephadex G-200, and the acid-eluted fraction of a goat anti-rabbit IgG immunoadsorbant. The neutralizing antibody was specific for human LP inasmuch as it had no effect on rabbit, guinea pig, or monkey LP. When coupled to Sepharose, this antibody bound human LP; after acid elution from this immunoadsorbant, LP was recovered without loss of biologic or chemical characteristics. The antiserum was also absorbed with stimulated leukocyte supernates which did not contain LP, and this had no effect on the titer of anti-LP. Crude human LP, eluted from immunoadsorbant columns prepared from absorbed antiserum, contained significantly reduced contaminating protein when evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These studies have established that specific antibody to human leukocytic pyrogen can be produced. This antibody is useful in the further study and purification of leukocytic pyrogen and its role in the pathogenesis of human fever.
Relapses and disability accumulation in progressive multiple sclerosis (2014)

Pre- and postprogression relapses accelerate time to severe disability in progressive MS. Continuing immunomodulation for 5 years after the onset of progressive disease or until 55 years of age may be reasonable to consider in patients with BOPMS who have ongoing relapses.
Abstract 12272: Ultrasound Mediated Renal Sympathetic Denervation (2011)

The renal sympathetic nerves have been identified as a major contributor to the complex physiology of hypertension in both experimental models and humans. Renal Sympathetic Denervation (RSD) has be...
Peering through the shroud: the effect of edge opacity on ip-based client identification (2007)

Abstract Online services often use IP addresses as client identifierswhen enforcing access-control decisions. The academic community has typically eschewed this approach, how-ever, due to the effect that NATs, proxies, and dynamic addressing have on a server&amp;apos;s ability to identify individualclients. Yet, it is unclear to what extent these edge technolo-gies actually impact the utility of using IP addresses as client identifiers. This paper provides some insights intothis phenomenon. We do so by mapping out the size and extent of NATs and proxies, as well as characterizing thebehavior of dynamic addressing.
The non-covalent interaction of pyrrolo[2, 1-c] [1, 4]benzodiazepine-5, 11-diones with DNA. (1990)

A series of 15 pyrrolo[2, 1-c] [1, 4]benzodiazepine-5, 11-diones has been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro DNA binding by thermal denaturation and fluorescence quenching studies with calf thymus (CT) DNA. The results indicate that two compounds of the series, 7 and 8, elevate the melting point of DNA by 2.9 +/- 0.6 and 3.3 +/- 0.8 K, respectively. Similarly, a significant quenching of the fluorescence of the dihydroxy analogue 8 was observed upon interaction with CT-DNA. As controls, the dihydroxy isomer 9 with the reverse stereochemistry at C2 and the non-substituted parent dilactam 12, failed to increase the DNA melting point or exhibit significant quenching upon interaction with DNA. In addition, preliminary experiments with GC- and AT-rich polymers suggest some sequence-dependent properties for dilactams 7 and 8. Overall, these results indicate a highly specific structural requirement for DNA binding. Molecular modelling with d(GTAGATC), d(GCAGATC) and d(GCGTAGC) duplex sequences has provided a model based on hydrogen bonding between the dihydroxy dilactam 8 and DNA, that rationalizes some of the results obtained. It is possible that the observed interactions represent the non-covalent (binding) component of the interaction of covalently-bonding anthramycin-type anti-tumour antibiotics with DNA.
Backward compatible high dynamic range MPEG video compression (2006)

To embrace the imminent transition from traditional low-contrast video (LDR) content to superior high dynamic range (HDR) content, we propose a novel backward compatible HDR video compression (HDR MPEG) method. We introduce a compact reconstruction function that is used to decompose an HDR video stream into a residual stream and a standard LDR stream, which can be played on existing MPEG decoders, such as DVD players. The reconstruction function is finely tuned to the content of each HDR frame to achieve strong decorrelation between the LDR and residual streams, which minimizes the amount of redundant information. The size of the residual stream is further reduced by removing invisible details prior to compression using our HDR-enabled filter, which models luminance adaptation, contrast sensitivity, and visual masking based on the HDR content. Designed especially for DVD movie distribution, our HDR MPEG compression method features low storage requirements for HDR content resulting in a 30% size increase to an LDR video sequence. The proposed compression method does not impose restrictions or modify the appearance of the LDR or HDR video. This is important for backward compatibility of the LDR stream with current DVD appearance, and also enables independent fine tuning, tone mapping, and color grading of both streams.
Genetic Correction of p67phox Deficient Chronic Granulomatous Disease Using Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells as a Target for Retrovirus Mediated Gene Transfer (1997)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) can result from any of four single gene defects involving the components of the superoxide (O-2) generating phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. We show that transduction of peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from a p67phox deficient CGD patient with replication defective amphotropic retrovirus encoding p67phox (MFGS-p67phox) significantly corrected the CGD functional defect in phagocyte oxidase activity in vitro. Using a chemiluminescence assay of oxidase activity, we showed that transduced patient CD34+ progenitors differentiating to myeloid cells in culture produced 25% of the total superoxide produced by normal CD34+ progenitors differentiating in culture. A flow cytometric assay of oxidase activity used to assess the oxidase function of individual cells in the cultures indicated that up to 32% of maturing granulocytes derived from transduced CD34+ progenitors from the p67phox CGD patient were oxidase positive with the average level of correction per granulocyte of 85% of that seen with granulocytes in similar cultures of CD34+ progenitors from normal volunteers. Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction assays of colonies of transduced progenitors in soft agar indicated that in some studies restoration of oxidase activity occurred in myeloid cells within 44% of granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte colonies, and within 28% of the combined group of granulocyte colonies/monocyte colonies/granulocyte monocyte colonies. These high correction rates were achieved without any selective regimen to enrich for transduced cells. This study provides a basis for development of gene therapy for the p67phox deficient form of CGD.
Release of acetylcholine from embryonic neurons upon contact with muscle cell (1985)

When a spherical muscle cell (myoball) was manipulated into contact with either the soma or the neurite of an isolated neuron in 2-day-old Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures, depolarizations similar to miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were frequently detected in the muscle cell. These depolarizations occurred within minutes after myoball-soma contact and within seconds after myoball-neurite contact. They had time course and amplitude distribution similar to those of the MEPPs recorded from naturally occurring neuromuscular synapses between neurites and muscle cells found in the same cultures, but they occurred at a lower frequency and had smaller average amplitudes. These depolarizations were induced by acetylcholine (ACh) since they were reversibly blocked by addition of d-tubocurarine into the culture, and they were abolished in muscle cells pretreated with alpha-bungarotoxin before contact with the neuron. Greater than 60% of the neuronal population in these cultures released ACh upon this direct muscle contact. The appearance of MEPP-like potentials in the myoball upon contact with an isolated neuron suggests that the cellular machinery responsible for ACh release is present throughout the neuron and that packages of ACh molecules are available for release prior to nerve-muscle synapse formation. We also found that neurons which had previously made synapse with other muscle cells in the culture all failed to release ACh from the soma and showed reduced release capability at the neurite for the first 30 min to 1 hr of contact with a myoball. This finding suggests that, during synapatogenesis, there is a depletion of ACh molecules and/or substances responsible for the triggering of their release in the extrasynaptic regions of the neuron.
Can receptors be imaged with MRI agents? (1997)

A review of the feasibility of imaging receptors was made using published literature. The results suggest that there is no physical limitation to imaging the classical biochemical receptors using currently available compounds. Limitations occur because of biological constraints. These constraints are those of delivery of contrast material to the site of the receptor in sufficient quantities and the biological implications of saturating receptors. These limitations are reduced by improving the physics through increasing the relaxivity of the contrast agent either by greater intrinsic relaxivity or by attaching many relaxing agents to the ligand. Biochemical constraints are reduced by targeting receptors involved with transport systems such as receptor mediated endocytosis and by targeting those sites that are in or readily accessible to the vascular system. Once targeted MRI agents are developed their clinical use will, most probably, be different than that of the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals.
NKAML: A Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Feasibility of Haploidentical Natural Killer Cell Transplantation in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2010)

PURPOSE To conduct a pilot study to determine the safety, feasibility, and engraftment of haploidentical natural killer (NK) cell infusions after an immunosuppressive regimen in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patients (0.7 to 21 years old) who had completed chemotherapy and were in first complete remission of AML were enrolled on the Pilot Study of Haploidentical Natural Killer Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (NKAML) study. They received cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg on day -7) and fludarabine (25 mg/m(2)/d on days -6 through -2), followed by killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-human leukocyte antigen (KIR-HLA) mismatched NK cells (median, 29 x 10(6)/kg NK cells) and six doses of interleukin-2 (1 million U/m(2)). NK cell chimerism, phenotyping, and functional assays were performed on days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. Results All patients had transient engraftment for a median of 10 days (range, 2 to 189 days) and a significant expansion of KIR-mismatched NK cells (median, 5,800/mL of blood on day 14). Nonhematologic toxicity was limited, with no graft-versus-host disease. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days. With a median follow-up time of 964 days (range, 569 to 1,162 days), all patients remain in remission. The 2-year event-free survival estimate was 100% (95% CI, 63.1% to 100%). CONCLUSION Low-dose immunosuppression followed by donor-recipient inhibitory KIR-HLA mismatched NK cells is well tolerated by patients and results in successful engraftment. We propose to further investigate the efficacy of KIR-mismatched NK cells in a phase II trial as consolidation therapy to decrease relapse without increasing mortality in children with AML.
Cationic Liposome-Mediated Gene Delivery In vivo (2002)

Several improvements have been made in liposomal delivery, thus making this technology potentially useful for treatment of certain diseases in the clinic. Success in non-viral delivery is complicated and requires optimization of several components. These components include nucleic acid purification, plasmid design, formulation of the delivery vehicle, administration route and schedule, dosing, detection of gene expression, and others. With further improvements, broad use of non-viral delivery systems to treat human disorders should be possible.
UPDATE: V(D)J Recombination and Transposition: Closer Than Expected (1996)

In a recent Perspective, I outlined the similarities among different transposition reactions—the movement of bacterial DNA segments and the replication and integration of certain bacteriophages and of retroviral DNA (1). All are mediated by recombinases of related structure that execute DNA breakage and joining by transesterification reactions. Now, in a report in this week's issue (2) V(D)J recombination, which underlies the ability of the immune system to assemble many different antigen-specific genes from separate gene segments, joins the family of transposition reactions.
Pointillist and Glyph-based Visualization of Nanoparticles in Formation (2005)

In this paper we offer new, texture-based methods for the visualization of multivariate data. These methods aim to more effectively convey the results of calculations simulating the formation of nanoparticles in turbulent fl ows. In these simulations, an entire distribution of nanoparticles is computed at every point across a two-dimensional slice of the data space, for every time step. Previous visualization methods have relied on multiple separate images to convey summary statistics about the datasets, including mean diameter and standard deviation of particle sizes. We introduce new methods based on texture which aim to enable the integrated understanding of the entire distribution of values at each point across the domain in terms of both summary statistics at each point and particle counts for various sizes of particles. Pointillism is used to represent the data at each point across the data range as a high-resolution texture. Circular glyphs can also be used to form a more discrete, spot-based texture, in which different characteristics of the distribution are encoded in various features of the spots.
Alteration of the circulating life and antigenic properties of bovine adenosine deaminase in mice by attachment of polyethylene glycol. (1981)

Polyethylene glycol was attached covalently to adenosine deaminase (ADA) using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent. The modified adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) appears to lose its immunogenicity in mice following multiple intravenous injections. PEG-ADA does not react with antibodies raised against native ADA. The circulating half-life (T1/2) of PEG-ADA was increased to 28 hr. The lack of detectable antibody formation and long circulating life may make PEG-ADA suitable for treating human ADA deficiency.
Novel Non-Symmetric Nickel-Diimine Complexes for the Homopolymerization of Ethene: Control of Branching by Catalyst Design (2002)

Non-symmetric diimine ligands (Ar-N=C(CH 3 )-(CH 3 )C=NAr*; Ar: 2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl; Ar*: 2,6-di(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)phenyl (4b), 2,6-di(4-OCH 3 )-phenyl)phenyl (4c)) were synthesized and converted in-situ into the corresponding nickel dibromo complexes (5b, c) by reaction with (DME)NiBr 2 . The complexes were activated for ethene polymerization by treatment with MAOat ambient temperature. The resulting highmolecular weight polymer products (M W &gt; 4.0 x 10 6 g mol -1 ) have a branched microstructure (predominantly methyl groups), as indicated by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The degree of branching can be controlled by a proper choice of the 2,6-diphenyl modified aniline moieties resulting in melting transitions ranging from 92 - 130 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Structure, and Rearrangement of Nitrogen Ylides Obtained upon Alkyne and CO Insertion Reaction into Aminocarbene Complexes of Chromium. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379] (2004)

Gabapentin had a mild effect on pain in CRPS I. It significantly reduced the sensory deficit in the affected limb. A subpopulation of CRPS patients may benefit from gabapentin.
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents (2007)

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an essential role in regulating the access of glucocorticoids to nuclear receptors. Chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids cause obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (the metabolic syndrome) and impairments in memory. Dysregulation of 11β-HSD1 has been implicated in all of these disease states. Studies with transgenic mice have demonstrated that overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue produces the metabolic syndrome, while knockout of the enzyme produces mice with a cardioprotective phenotype that resist cognitive decline with ageing. Studies with selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have demonstrated that it is possible to lower plasma glucose and triglyceride levels as well as food intake and the rate of body weight gain. Consequently, 11β-HSD1 is an important target for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment, with many companies pursuing the development of inhibitors. This patent review focuses on the large number of patents published since 2005.
Proteome-wide characterization of sugarbeet seed vigor and its tissue specific expression (2008)

Proteomic analysis of mature sugarbeet seeds led to the identification of 759 proteins and their specific tissue expression in root, cotyledons, and perisperm. In particular, the proteome of the perispermic storage tissue found in many seeds of the Caryophyllales is described here. The data allowed us to reconstruct in detail the metabolism of the seeds toward recapitulating facets of seed development and provided insights into complex behaviors such as germination. The seed appears to be well prepared to mobilize the major classes of reserves (the proteins, triglycerides, phytate, and starch) during germination, indicating that the preparation of the seed for germination is mainly achieved during its maturation on the mother plant. Furthermore, the data revealed several pathways that can contribute to seed vigor, an important agronomic trait defined as the potential to produce vigorous seedlings, such as glycine betaine accumulation in seeds. This study also identified several proteins that, to our knowledge, have not previously been described in seeds. For example, the data revealed that the sugarbeet seed can initiate translation either through the traditional cap-dependent mechanism or by a cap-independent process. The study of the tissue specificity of the seed proteome demonstrated a compartmentalization of metabolic activity between the roots, cotyledons, and perisperm, indicating a division of metabolic tasks between the various tissues. Furthermore, the perisperm, although it is known as a dead tissue, appears to be very active biochemically, playing multiple roles in distributing sugars and various metabolites to other tissues of the embryo.
Nonanticoagulant heparin prevents histone-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and improves survival in sepsis (2013)

Extracellular histones are considered to be major mediators of death in sepsis. Although sepsis is a condition that may benefit from low-dose heparin administration, medical doctors need to take into consideration the potential bleeding risk in sepsis patients who are already at increased risk of bleeding due to a consumption coagulopathy. Here, we show that mechanisms that are independent of the anticoagulant properties of heparin may contribute to the observed beneficial effects of heparin in the treatment of sepsis patients. We show that nonanticoagulant heparin, purified from clinical grade heparin, binds histones and prevents histone-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and reduces mortality from sterile inflammation and sepsis in mouse models without increasing the risk of bleeding. Our results demonstrate that administration of nonanticoagulant heparin is a novel and promising approach that may be further developed to treat patients suffering from sepsis.
Stefins and lysosomal cathepsins B, L and D in human breast carcinoma (1992)

In the study of 50 matched pairs of breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue, the activities of cysteine proteinases (CPs), cathepsin (Cat) B and Cat L in tumors were increased on average by 18.5-fold and 52.5-fold respectively. The differences in activity of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) between tumor and control breast tissues was also observed: in approximately two thirds of carcinomas, lowered CPI activity was measured (group-I patients), while similar or higher tumor CPI activity was measured in the remaining samples (group-II patients). Relative increases in specific activity of Cat B and Cat L in group I were significantly higher than in group II. In group I more patients with histopathological tumor grade III and negative estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were found, but the metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes was similar in both groups. A 2-year follow-up study showed a significant inverse correlation between disease-free survival and increased Cat L activity, but the differences in group I and group II patients were not significant in this short time interval. In 20 matched pairs of breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue, the mean activity of Cat D was 5.8-fold higher in tumors compared with controls. The hypothesis that elevated Cat D activity increased CP activity and/or lowered tumor CPI activity due to post-translational proteolytic modification appeared less likely, since no correlations between corresponding activities were observed. We suggested that lowered CPI might rather reflect changes in transcription of intracellular CPIs, the stefins. Immunoassay and Northern blot analysis showed that the average value of stefin A protein and mRNA content respectively in the majority of investigated breast carcinoma samples were lowered, suggesting the possible value of stefin A in diagnosis and/or prognosis of the disease.