gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
File system forensic analysis (2005)

The Definitive Guide to File System Analysis: Key Concepts and Hands-on TechniquesMost digital evidence is stored within the computer's file system, but understanding how file systems work is one of the most technically challenging concepts for a digital investigator because there exists little documentation. Now, security expert Brian Carrier has written the definitive reference for everyone who wants to understand and be able to testify about how file system is performed.Carrier begins with an overview of investigation and computer foundations and then gives an authoritative, comprehensive, and illustrated overview of contemporary volume and file systems: Crucial information for discovering hidden evidence, recovering deleted data, and validating your tools. Along the way, he describes data structures, analyzes example disk images, provides advanced investigation scenarios, and uses today's most valuable open source file system tools-including tools he personally developed. Coverage includes Preserving the digital crime scene and duplicating hard disks for analysis Identifying hidden data on a disk's Host Protected Area (HPA) Reading source data: Direct versus BIOS access, dead versus live acquisition, error handling, and more Analyzing DOS, Apple, and GPT partitions; BSD disk labels; and Sun Volume Table of Contents using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Analyzing the contents of multiple disk volumes, such as RAID and disk spanning Analyzing FAT, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, UFS1, and UFS2 file systems using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Finding evidence: File metadata, recovery of deleted files, data hiding locations, and more Using The Sleuth Kit (TSK), Autopsy Forensic Browser, and related open source toolsWhen it comes to file system analysis, no other book offers this much detail or expertise. Whether you're a digital forensics specialist, incident response team member, law enforcement officer, corporate security specialist, or auditor, this book will become an indispensable resource for forensic investigations, no matter what tools you use.Brian Carrier has authored several leading computer forensic tools, including The Sleuth Kit (formerly The @stake Sleuth Kit) and the Autopsy Forensic Browser. He has authored several peer-reviewed conference and journal papers and has created publicly available testing images for forensic tools. Currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Computer Science and Digital Forensics at Purdue University, he is also a research assistant at the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) there. He formerly served as a research scientist at @stake and as the lead for the @stake Response Team and Digital Forensic Labs. Carrier has taught forensics, incident response, and file systems at SANS, FIRST, the @stake Academy, and SEARCH.Brian Carrier's http://www.digital-evidence.org contains book updates and up-to-date URLs from the book's references.© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Hypoxia stimulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) gene expression in HepG2 cells: A possible model for IGFBP-1 expression in fetal hypoxia (1998)

IGFBP-1 is elevated in fetuses with long-term, chronic hypoxia and intrauterine growth restriction. We investigated the hypothesis that hypoxia regulates IGFBP-1 in the human fetus in vivo and IGFBP-1 gene expression and protein in vitro. Umbilical artery IGFBP-1 levels (mean +/- SEM) from term babies with respiratory acidosis (acute hypoxia), normal babies, and those with mixed respiratory/metabolic acidosis (more profound and prolonged hypoxia) were measured using an immunoradiometric assay. IGFBP-1 levels were similar in normal (n = 12) and acutely hypoxic (n = 6) babies (189.1 +/- 71.8 vs. 175.8 +/- 45.9 ng /ml, respectively, P = 0.789). However, with more profound and prolonged hypoxia (n = 19), IGFBP-1 levels were markedly elevated (470.6 +/- 80.0 ng /ml, P = 0.044). To investigate IGFBP-1 regulation by hypoxia in vitro, HepG2 cells were incubated under hypoxia (pO2 = 2%) and normoxia (pO2 = 20%). IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA increased 8- and 12-fold, respectively, under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia did not affect protein or mRNA levels of IGFBP-2 or -4. IGFBP-5 and -6 mRNAs, undetectable in control cells, were not induced by hypoxia, whereas minimally expressed IGFBP-3 mRNA increased twofold. Investigation into IGFBP-1 gene structure revealed three potential consensus sequences for the hypoxia response element (HRE) in the first intron. To investigate functionality, a 372-bp fragment of IGFBP-1 intron 1, containing putative HREs, was placed 5' to a heterologous hsp70 promoter in a plasmid using luciferase as a reporter gene. Under hypoxia, reporter gene activity increased up to 30-fold. Mutations in the middle HRE abolished reporter activity in response to hypoxia, suggesting that this HRE is functional in the IGFBP-1 hypoxia response. Cotransfection of HRE reporter genes with a constitutively expressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 plasmid in HepG2 cells resulted in a fourfold induction of reporter activity, suggesting a role for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in hypoxia induction of IGFBP-1 gene expression. These data support the hypothesis that hypoxia regulation of IGFBP-1 may be a mechanism operating in the human fetus to restrict insulin-like growth factor-mediated growth in utero under conditions of chronic hypoxia and limited substrate availability.
Immunohistochemical identification of arteriolar development using markers of smooth muscle differentiation. Evidence that capillary arterialization proceeds from terminal arterioles. (1994)

Arteriolar growth is an important event in the adaptation of normal tissues as well as in important pathologies, but the site of origin of new arterioles remains unknown. The network pattern of arteriolar development in skeletal muscle was detected by use of a new immunohistochemical technique that is based on the observation that fully differentiated (mature) vascular smooth muscle (SM) cells express both SM alpha-actin and the two myosin heavy chains (MHCs) SM-1 and SM-2, whereas less differentiated (immature) vascular SM cells do not express MHC. The anterior gracilis muscle microvasculatures of 4- and 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to SM alpha-actin and to SM MHC. Whole transverse arteriole networks were observed, and terminal arterioles, defined as terminal segments labeled with SM alpha-actin, were classified on the basis of the presence or absence of SM MHC. A significantly different percentage of terminal arteriolar endings per network without SM MHC was observed in the two groups (66.1 +/- 17.3% for 4 weeks and 27.1 +/- 18.5% for 9 weeks), suggesting that arteriolar development is more nearly complete in the older animals. Sparsely distributed capillaries exhibited thin extensions of SM alpha-actin that crossed collecting venules and joined similar extensions from an adjacent transverse arteriole, effectively forming the basis for new arcade arterioles. SM alpha-actin and SM MHC labeling in terminal arterioles was always continuous with upstream arterioles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins in the virus replication cycle. (1998)

At least nine of the eleven herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins so far known have been widely characterised as regards their role in the virus replication cycle. During early virus-to-cell adsorption ("adsorption"), glycoprotein C (gC) interacts with the glycosoaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulphate (HS), located on the cell membrane surface. This interaction is labile until other glycoproteins such as B and D (gB and gD) begin to participate in the entry process. gB also harbours a site for interaction with GAGs, while gD provides a stabile attachment to cellular receptors ("receptors") such as the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). Late adsorption is associated with a conformation change of gD occurring after the receptor binding, a step followed by interaction of gD with the gH/gL heterodimer (complex). Fusion domains of the gH/gL complex and gB enable the pH-independent virus-into-cell penetration ("penetration"). The gE/gI complex and gM interact with the receptors at cell junctions in order to facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus along the basolateral surface of polarised cells and/or a similar intercellular spread in nonpolarised cells by avoiding virion release, gK, the only so far known HSV-coded glycoprotein which is not incorporated into virions, plays an essential role in the virus capsid envelopment at the nuclear membrane and in the virion transport to the cell surface. Unusually large polykaryocytes arise due to mutations in syn (syncytium) loci of the viral genome, which were mapped to UL53 (syn1) and UL27 (syn3) genes coding for gK and gB, respectively, while the genes UL20 and UL24 (both syn5) code for nonglycosylated cell membrane-associated proteins ("membrane proteins"). The products of nonmutated syn genes either downregulate the fusion of plasma membranes of infected cells ("membrane fusion") or protect them from undesirable fusion events.
Reactions with heterocyclic diazonium salts: novel synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridazines and of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles (1982)

Diazotised 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3(2H)-one (1) coupled with active methylene nitriles to yield the corresponding cyanohydrazones (3a–c) and (11). Compounds (3a–c) afforded the 4-(3-aminopyrazol-4-ylidenehydrazino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3(2H)-ones (5a–c) on treatment with hydrazine hydrate, and cyclised to give the pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridazines (7a–c) on treatment with ethanolic hydrochloric acid. The hydrazone (11) cyclised to give the pyridazin-6-one derivative (12) when boiled under reflux in ethanol. Diazotised pyrazolone (1) coupled with 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione and with ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to yield the pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole derivatives (9a and b).
Ratiometric Measurements of Adiponectin by Mass Spectrometry in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with Iron Overload Reveal an Association with Insulin Resistance and Glucagon (2013)

High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels are reduced in humans with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Similar to humans with insulin resistance, managed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) diagnosed with hemochromatosis (iron overload) have higher levels of 2 h post-prandial plasma insulin than healthy controls. A parallel reaction monitoring assay for dolphin serum adiponectin was developed based on tryptic peptides identified by mass spectrometry. Using identified post-translational modifications, a differential measurement was constructed. Total and unmodified adiponectin levels were measured in sera from dolphins with (n = 4) and without (n = 5) iron overload. This measurement yielded total adiponectin levels as well as site specific percent unmodified adiponectin that may inversely correlate with HMW adiponectin. Differences in insulin levels between iron overload cases and controls were observed 2 h post-prandial, but not during the fasting state. Thus, post-prandial as well as fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured to determine whether adiponectin and insulin would follow similar patterns. There was no difference in total adiponectin or percent unmodified adiponectin from case or control fasting animals. There was no difference in post-prandial total adiponectin levels between case and control dolphins (mean ± SD) at 763 ± 298 and 727 ± 291 pmol/ml, respectively (p = 0.91); however, percent unmodified adiponectin was significantly higher in post-prandial cases compared to controls (30.0 ± 6.3 versus 17.0 ± 6.6%, respectively; p = 0.016). Interestingly, both total and percent unmodified adiponectin were correlated with glucagon levels in controls (r = 0.999, p < 0.001), but not in cases, which is possibly a reflection of insulin resistance. Although total adiponectin levels were not significantly different, the elevated percent unmodified adiponectin follows a trend similar to HMW adiponectin reported for humans with metabolic disorders.
Absence of protective role of afferent nerves in early intestinal mucosal alterations induced by abdominal irradiation in rats (2001)

Intestinal sensory innervation seems not to have a major protective role against a radiation-induced intestinal inflammatory reaction.
The bioenergetic signature of cancer: a marker of tumor progression. (2002)

Mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase is required for cellular energy provision and for efficient execution of apoptosis. Almost one century ago, Otto Warburg proposed the hypothesis that mitochondrial function might be impaired in cancer cells. However, his hypothesis was never demonstrated in human carcinomas. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of the beta-catalytic subunit of the H+-ATP synthase (beta-F1-ATPase) of mitochondria in carcinomas of the human liver, kidney, and colon. We show that carcinogenesis in the liver involves a depletion of the cellular mitochondrial content, as revealed by reduced content of mitochondrial markers, whereas in kidney and colon carcinomas, it involves a selective repression of the expression of the beta-F1-ATPase concurrent with an increase in the expression of the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Both mechanisms limit mitochondrial cellular activity in cancer, strongly supporting Warburg's hypothesis, and suggest a mechanism for the resistance and compromised apoptotic potential of tumor cells. Furthermore, we show that the metabolic state of the cell, as defined by a bioenergetic mitochondrial index relative to the cellular glycolytic potential, provides a signature of carcinogenesis of prognostic value in assessing the progression of colorectal carcinomas.
Examinee-Reported History Is Not a Credible Basis for Clinical or Administrative Decision Making (2009)

Abstract If a patient reports not having back pain before lifting an object at work but having chronic disabling pain thereafter, an examiner may conclude without further questioning that an injury took place when the object was lifted and therefore is work related. This article reviews relevant scientific findings and provides recommendations for making disability determinations in a manner that is more credible than basing conclusions on an examinee's reports. The author specifically recommends that future editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment ( AMA Guides ) should emphasize that clinical and forensic conclusions cannot be based on reports from an examinee and instead must be based on more credible sources of information. Research has shown that, among individuals who believe that a specific event (eg, an accident) caused the current complaints, the individual is likely to underreport their health history for the time preceding that event and to overstate the extent of their problems following the event. Other researchers found that claimants systematically underreported every preclaim health issue that might have provided a non–injury-related explanation for their complaints. Any basis for a conclusion of injury should be based on objective and scientifically credible findings that would have indicated that an injury had occurred even in the absence of any information having been reported by the patient.
Protein kinase C mediates x-ray inducibility of nuclear signal transducers EGR1 and JUN. (1991)

The cellular response to ionizing radiation includes growth arrest and DNA repair followed by proliferation. Induction of immediate early response genes may participate in signal transduction preceding these phenotypic responses. We analyzed mRNA expression for different classes of immediate early genes (JUN, EGR1, and FOS) after cellular x-irradiation. Increased expression of the EGR1 and JUN genes was observed within 0.5-3 hr following x-ray exposure. Preincubation with cycloheximide was associated with superinduction of JUN and EGR1 in x-irradiated cells. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity by prolonged stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or the protein kinase inhibitor H7 prior to irradiation attenuated the increase in EGR1 and JUN transcripts. FOS expression was not coregulated with that of EGR1 following x-irradiation, suggesting a distinct regulatory pathway of this gene as compared with its regulation following serum and phorbol ester. These data implicate the EGR1 and JUN proteins as signal transducers during the cellular response to radiation injury and suggest that this effect is mediated in part by a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.
Plasticity of the Differentiated State (1985)

Heterokaryons provide a model system in which to examine how tissue-specific phenotypes arise and are maintained. When muscle cells are fused with nonmuscle cells, muscle gene expression is activated in the nonmuscle cell type. Gene expression was studied either at a single cell level with monoclonal antibodies or in mass cultures at a biochemical and molecular level. In all of the nonmuscle cell types tested, including representatives of different embryonic lineages, phenotypes, and developmental stages, muscle gene expression was induced. Differences among cell types in the kinetics, frequency, and gene dosage requirements for gene expression provide clues to the underlying regulatory mechanisms. These results show that the expression of genes in the nuclei of differentiated cells is remarkably plastic and susceptible to modulation by the cytoplasm. The isolation of the genes encoding the tissue-specific trans-acting regulators responsible for muscle gene activation should now be possible.
Introducing Chemical Transport Selectivity into Gold Nanotubule Membranes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIntroducing Chemical Transport Selectivity into Gold Nanotubule MembranesJohn C. Hulteen, Kshama B. Jirage, and Charles R. MartinView Author Information Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 26, 6603–6604Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received5 January 1998Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980045ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980045orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1079Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Fluxes,Hydrocarbons,Membranes,Pyridines Get e-Alerts
Development of Antiemetic Therapy in Cancer Patients (1995)

Patients still consider nausea and vomiting to be severe adverse consequences of cancer chemotherapy. The physiology of chemotherapy-induced nausea is generally unknown, but the finding that high doses of metoclopramide induce the antiemetic effect by antagonizing 5-HT3 receptors, has evoked increased interest in serotonin as a possible neurotransmitter. This has led to development of more selective 5-HT3 antagonists, such as ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron, with improvement of antiemetic therapy, especially in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The efficacy of serotonin antagonists is further optimized by the addition of steroids and the dopamine D2 antagonist metopimazine. Many questions in antiemetic treatment are still unanswered and future trials should focus on patients receiving multiple-day chemotherapy or multiple cycles of chemotherapy and on patients resistant to initial antiemetic therapy.
delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Genotype and Lead Toxicity: A HuGE Review (2001)

The ALAD gene (chromosome 9q34) codes for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) (E.C. 4.2.1.24). ALAD catalyzes the second step of heme synthesis and is polymorphic. The ALAD G177C polymorphism yields two codominant alleles, ALAD-1 and ALAD-2, and it has been implicated in susceptibility to lead toxicity. Genotype frequencies vary by geography and race. The rarer ALAD-2 allele has been associated with high blood lead levels and has been thought to increase the risk of lead toxicity by generating a protein that binds lead more tightly than the ALAD-1 protein. Other evidence suggests that ALAD-2 may confer resistance to the harmful effects of lead by sequestering lead, making it unavailable for pathophysiologic participation. Recent studies have shown that individuals who are homozygous for the ALAD-1 allele have higher cortical bone lead levels; this implies that they may have a greater body lead burden and may be at higher risk of the long-term effects of lead. Individuals exposed to lead in occupational settings have been the most frequent subjects of study. Genotype selection bias may limit inferences from these studies. No firm evidence exists for an association between ALAD genotype and susceptibility to lead toxicity at background exposure levels; therefore, population testing for the ALAD polymorphism is not justified.
Antimalarial phenanthrene amino alcohols. 3. Halogen-containing 9-phenanthrenemethanols (1975)

A series of new 9-phenanthrene amino alcohols has been prepared in which each compound bears from one to five halogen or halogen-containing moieties. A number of these compounds are extremely active against Plasmodium berghei in the mouse. Some structural requirements for optimal efficacy are considered.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Beef Marketed in Malaysia (1998)

Twelve strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from 9 of 25 beef samples purchased from retail stores in Malaysia. These strains produced Shiga toxin 2 with or without Shiga toxin 1 and had the eae gene and a 60-MDa plasmid. The antibiograms and the profiles of the arbitrarily primed PCR of the strains were diverse, suggesting that the strains may have originated from diverse sources.
Southam all charged up for Mincor (2019)

In starting as Mincor Resources NL managing director on February 1, David Southam fulfilled a career ambition of being the figurehead of a company.
Coherence and time delay estimation (1987)

This paper presents a tutorial review of work in coherence and time delay estimation. A review of coherence research and development is presented. A derivation of the ML estimator for time delay is presented together with an interpretation of that estimator as a special member of a class of generalized cross correlators. The performance of the estimator is given for both high and low signal-to-noise ratio cases. The proposed correlator is implemented and stimulated with synthetic data. The results are compared with performance predictions and found to be in good agreement.