gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental regulation and tissue-specific expression of a chimaeric phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase/bovine growth hormone gene in transgenic animals. (1990)

Expression of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene, directed by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter, in transgenic animals was investigated. Different lengths of the 5' PEPCK promoter-regulatory domain were utilized to control bGH expression; these included -2000/+73, -460/+73, -355/+73, and -174/+73. The chimaeric PEPCK/bGH gene containing -460/+73 of PEPCK 5' flanking sequence (PEPCK/bGH(460] is regulated by cAMP, insulin, and dexamethasone in the same manner as the endogenous PEPCK gene. This PEPCK promoter-regulatory domain also controls the tissue-specific expression of the bGH gene to liver, kidney, adipose tissue, jejunum and mammary gland. Furthermore, the correct developmental pattern of expression is observed in the mouse lines which contain PEPCK/bGH(460). The transgene mRNA is not detected during fetal development until Day 19. At Day 1 after birth, due to alterations in the insulin:glucagon ratio, the amounts of transgene mRNA are greatly increased, similar to the endogenous PEPCK gene.
Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients (1998)

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to the area of the sural nerve on the early and late electromyographic component of the flexor reflex was studied in 20 patients with complete and incomplete transversal spinal cord injuries. A marked, progressive, and prolonged decrease of both reflex components was observed in most patients. The early component was decreased less than the late reflex component immediately following the end of TENS, while further decrement of both components was observed 30 min after the end of TENS. The placebo stimulation in 4 patients revealed no decrease, or only a less marked decrease in reflex responses. The marked suppressive effect of TENS cannot be attributed to the potentiated habituation of the reflex responses alone. The induced inhibitory processes seem to be at least partially localized at the segmental level of the spinal interneuron system.
Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard (2007)

With the introduction of the H.264/AVC video coding standard, significant improvements have recently been demonstrated in video compression capability. The Joint Video Team of the ITU-T VCEG and the ISO/IEC MPEG has now also standardized a Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard. SVC enables the transmission and decoding of partial bit streams to provide video services with lower temporal or spatial resolutions or reduced fidelity while retaining a reconstruction quality that is high relative to the rate of the partial bit streams. Hence, SVC provides functionalities such as graceful degradation in lossy transmission environments as well as bit rate, format, and power adaptation. These functionalities provide enhancements to transmission and storage applications. SVC has achieved significant improvements in coding efficiency with an increased degree of supported scalability relative to the scalable profiles of prior video coding standards. This paper provides an overview of the basic concepts for extending H.264/AVC towards SVC. Moreover, the basic tools for providing temporal, spatial, and quality scalability are described in detail and experimentally analyzed regarding their efficiency and complexity.
Physical mapping of the mutation in an antigenic variant of herpes simplex virus type 1 by use of an immunoreactive plaque assay (1983)

Two mutations affecting herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B were mapped by marker rescue using cloned sequences of wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 strain KOS DNA. One mutant, tsB5, is a temperature-sensitive mutant which does not express mature, functional glycoprotein B at the nonpermissive temperature. The other mutant, marB1.1, expresses an antigenic variant of glycoprotein B and was selected for resistance to neutralization by a monoclonal antibody. The mutation in tsB5 mapped to a 1.2-kilobase segment of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome between coordinates 0.361 and 0.368, whereas the mutation in marB1.1 mapped to a 1.6-kilobase segment between coordinates 0.350 and 0.361. An in situ enzyme immunoassay was used to detect plaques of recombinant wild-type virus among the progeny of transfections with mutant marB1.1 DNA and wild-type DNA fragments.
Irradiation of terephthalophenone in isopropyl alcohol (1970)

Abstract Irradiation of terephthalophenone in isopropyl alcohol gave a bright yellow‐colored intermediate which decayed rather rapidly. The products were complex and depended upon the mode of irradiation. They ranged from a mixed polymer I to a dimer II. I consisted of about 5 terephthalophenone units capped with hydrogen or isopropyl alcohol radicals or terminated by cyclization. II, the dimer, was capped by hydrogen atoms.
Design of LDPC graphs for hardware implementation (2003)

A methodology for generating bipartite graphs for LDPC codes which both exhibit good performance under message passing decoding and are amenable to direct hardware implementation is described. To this end, we define a novel quantitative measure of the "loopiness" of a graph, as well as a quantitative measure of the cost of direct hardware implementation, and use the well-known simulated annealing algorithm to simultaneously minimize both quantities. Finally, we simulate the decoding of several rather short codes to show that the performance is indeed predicted by our loopiness measure.
The epidermal growth factor receptor and the prognosis of bladder cancer (1990)

Epidermal growth factor is found in high concentrations in urine, and its receptor (EGFr) has been identified in certain bladder tumors. This study was performed to determine whether receptor positivity in the tumor was associated with a poor clinical outcome. One hundred one patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer were studied prospectively by immunohistochemical staining for the EGFr. There were 76 men and 25 women, with a mean follow-up of 30 months; 49 had tumors invading muscle: 18 were pTl (tumor invading lamina propia) and 34 were pTa (tumor confined to urothelium). Strong staining for the EGFr was found in 48% of tumors and was associated with high stage (P < 0.001). Death of bladder cancer (40 of 101) was associated independently with high stage (P < 0.0001) and EGFr positivity (P < 0.001). In patients with pTa and pTl tumors, EGFr positivity was associated with multiplicity (P < 0.01), time to recurrence (P < 0.03), and recurrence rate (P < 0.004). Tumor progression was associated with EGFr positivity (P < 0.0001) and multiplicity (P < 0.05). EGFr were found on a significant proportion of bladder tumors: such tumors were more likely to result in death, recurrence, and progression.
SecA protein is required for translocation of a model precursor protein into inverted vesicles of Escherichia coli plasma membrane. (1993)

We have investigated whether the SecA protein is required for in vitro translocation of a model presecretory protein into inverted vesicles (INV) of the Escherichia coli plasma membrane. Contrary to previous reports, we found that urea-extracted INV that contained only the membrane-integral form of SecA were fully translocation active. Proteoliposomes that were reconstituted from a detergent extract of INV did contain a full complement of membrane-integral SecA but < 1% of SecY. These proteoliposomes were fully translocation active. However, immunodepletion of > 90% of the SecA from the detergent extract yielded proteoliposomes that were translocation inactive. Addition of purified SecA to the SecA-depleted proteoliposomes restored translocation. The amounts of SecA required to saturate translocation activity were equivalent to those present as membrane-integral SecA in INV. These data indicate that SecA is necessary for protein translocation, and reinforce our previous conclusion that SecY is not required. Contrary to previous reports, we find that membrane-integral SecA is not irreversibly inactivated by 6 M urea and that membrane-integral SecA and SecY do not form a stoichiometric protein complex in the membrane.
Isolation and characterization of tox mutants of corynebacteriophage beta (1976)

Seventeen nontoxinogenic (tox) mutants of corynebacteriophage beta have been isolated by using a tissue culture screening technique. The mutants fall into four major classes. Two of the classes, I and II, appear to contain missense and nonsense mutants, respectively. However, classes III and IV have not been previously described. Class III mutants produce two proteins (CRMs) seriologically related to diphtheria toxin, but efforts to demonstrate the presence of more than one tox gene have been successful. Class IV mutants are phenotypically CRM-, failing to produce any detectable protein serologically related to diphtheria toxin. Genetic studies indicate that the mutations in class IV strains are not in a gene distinct form the structural gene for toxin, and that the CRM- strains retain at least a portion of that gene. A natural phage isolate, gamma, behaves in a completely parallel fashion to the class IV mutants. The production of tox+ recombinants through recombination of various pairs of tox phage mutants has been demonstrated. The implications of these findings for the natural history of diphtheria are discussed.
Hepatitis C Virus-Like Particle Morphogenesis (2002)

Although much is known about the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, first cloned in 1989, little is known about HCV structure and assembly due to the lack of an efficient in vitro culture system for HCV. Using a recombinant Semliki forest virus replicon expressing genes encoding HCV structural proteins, we observed for the first time the assembly of these proteins into HCV-like particles in mammalian cells. This system opens up new possibilities for the investigation of viral morphogenesis and virus-host cell interactions.
The Fallacy of a “Task-Negative” Network (2012)

goal-directed activity (Fox et al.
[Dihydroetorphine hydrochloride for moderate and severe cancer pain]. (1991)

One hundred and three patients with moderate and severe cancer pain were given a sublingual analgesic agent--dihydroetorphine hydrochloride (DHE). Relief of cancer pain was moderate or complete in 89.3% (92/103). The average relief time (ART) was 3.9 hours and the average time before effectiveness was 20 minutes. In patients with acute or chronic cancer pain, moderate and complete pain-relief rates were 91.3% and 82.2% (P = 0.237). Difference of ART between them was insignificant (P = 0.299). The main clinical side-effects were somnolence (60%), dizziness (72%), nausea (30%), vomiting (16.5%), constipation (5%) and shortness of breath (8%). In two of the patients, the administration of DHE had to be stopped due to its side-effects. Age, sex and site of cancer pain were not related to the analgesic effects of DHE, but the pain-relief in patients with bladder cancer was poor (P less than 0.001). Within certain range, increase in dose was able to enhance its analgesic effect (P less than 0.001) and reduce drug resistance (P less than 0.001).
Existence of a Size-Dependent Stokes Shift in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals (2017)

The existence of a size-dependent Stokes shift is observed in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for the first time. Stokes shifts range from ∼100 to 30 meV for particles with edge lengths between ∼4 and 12 nm, respectively.
Pseudolite-aided GPS: a comparison (2003)

The author suggests that there is strong reason to believe that variations in GPS (Global Positioning System) performance as a function of location and time can be mitigated by augmenting the GPS system with pseudolites in pure geodetic, differential, and hybrid forms. Analyses have been performed to calculate the relative merits of these augmentations. The area of detail studied was the southwestern US to ascertain the effects on a typical test range. Simulation results show that the navigation solution accuracy of either a stationary or mobile user improves by adding pseudolites with a pure geodetic capability, and improves dramatically with a differential capability. The results demonstrate the time dependence of the navigation solution at the user location.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Terahertz reflectometry of burn wounds in a rat model (2011)

We present sub-millimeter wave reflectometry of an experimental rat skin burn model obtained by the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technique. Full thickness burns, as confirmed by histology, were created on rats (n = 4) euthanized immediately prior to the experiments. Statistical analysis shows that the burned tissue exhibits higher reflectivity compared to normal skin over a frequency range between 0.5 and 0.7 THz (p < 0.05), likely due to post-burn formation of interstitial edema. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a double Debye dielectric relaxation model can be used to explain the terahertz response of both normal and less severely burned rat skin. Finally, our data suggest that the degree of conformation between the experimental burn measurements and the model for normal skin can potentially be used to infer the extent of burn severity.
Clam's Shell Inspired High‐Energy Inorganic Coatings with Underwater Low Adhesive Superoleophobicity (2012)

Unique underwater low adhesive superoleophobicity is discovered on the pallium-covered region of a short clam's shell. This property originates from the shell's inorganic composition of CaCO(3) and surface micro/nano-hierarchical structures. The oil-repellent shell provides an innovative strategy to develop novel underwater superoleophobic coatings using inorganic oxides such as copper oxide. This kind of coating is anticipated to be applied on engineering metals to protect aquatic equipment from oil contamination.
Discovery of Diarylhydantoins as New Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (2012)

A novel selective androgen receptor modulator scaffold has been discovered through structural modifications of hydantoin antiandrogens. Several 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-arylhydantoins displayed partial agonism with nanomolar in vitro potency in transactivation experiments using androgen receptor (AR) transfected cells. In a standard castrated male rat model, several compounds showed good anabolic activity on levator ani muscle, dissociated from the androgenic activity on ventral prostate, after oral dosing at 30 mg/kg. (+)-4-[3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidin-1-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile ((+)-11b) displayed anabolic potency with a strong dissociation between levator ani muscle and ventral prostate (A(50) = 0.5 mg/kg vs 70 mg/kg). The binding modes of two compounds, including (+)-11b, within the AR ligand-binding domain have been studied by cocrystallization experiments using a coactivator-like peptide. Both compounds bound to the same site, and the overall structures of the AR were very similar.
Voltage gated ionic channels in rat cultured astrocytes, reactive astrocytes and an astrocyte-oligodendrocyte progenitor cell. (1987)

Astrocytes (both type 1 and type 2), cultured from the central nervous system of newborn or 7 day old rats show voltage gated sodium and potassium channels that are activated when the membrane is depolarized to greater than -40 mV. The sodium channels in these cells have an h-infinity curve similar to that of nodal membranes but the activation (peak current-voltage) curves are shifted along the voltage axis by about +30 mV. These sodium currents are blocked only by high concentrations of tetrodotoxin. The voltage activated potassium currents in both types of astrocyte show at least two components; an inactivating component that is suppressed at holding potentials of greater than -40 mV and a persistent, non-inactivating current. Several types of single channel currents were observed in outside-out membrane patches from type 2 astrocytes. One type of potassium channel showed inactivation on depolarization and may contribute to the whole-cell inactivating current. In contrast, oligodendrocytes showed no obvious voltage gated membrane channels. The properties of the type 2 astrocyte-oligodendrocyte progenitor cell were investigated in two ways: 1) by examination of cells just beginning to differentiate along the "electrically silent" oligodendrocyte pathway or 2) by recording from progenitor cells cultured for 24 hours in the presence of cycloheximide to block the appearance of new membrane channels. In both cases, voltage gated inward (sodium) and outward (potassium) currents were noted. The outward current response showed both an inactivating and a non-inactivating component. Similar voltage activated inward and outward membrane currents were noted in reactive astrocytes freshly isolated (3-6 hours) from lesioned areas of adult rat brains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Flight tests of a radio-controlled airplane mode with a free-wing, free-canard configuration (1978)

Flight characteristics, controllability, and potential operating problems were investigated in a radio-controlled airplane model in which the wing is so attached to the fuselage that it is free to pivot about a spanwise axis forward of its aerodynamic center and is subject only to aerodynamic pitching moments imposed by lift and drag forces and a control surface. A simple technique of flying the test vehicle in formation with a pickup truck was used to obtain trim data. The test vehicle was flown through a series of maneuvers designed to permit evaluation of certain characteristics by observation. The free-wing free-canard concept was determined to be workable. Stall/spin characteristics were considered to be excellent, and no effect on longitudinal stability was observed when center of gravity changes were made. Several problems were encountered during the early stages of flight testing, such as aerodynamic lockup of the free canard and excessive control sensitivity. Lack of onboard instrumentation precluded any conclusions about gust alleviation or ride qualities.
Sulfation and Desulfation Behavior of Pt–BaO/MgO–Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NOx Storage Reduction Catalyst (2016)

The comparative study between Pt-BaO/Al2O3 and Pt-BaO/MgO-Al2O3 gives the information about the effect of MgO addition to Al2O3 support on the sulfation and desulfation behavior of Pt-BaO/MgO-Al2O3 NOx storage reduction catalyst. The sulfated two samples were analyzed by using element analysis (EA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature programmed reaction (H2 TPRX) and NOx uptake measurement. The amount of sulfur uptake on 2 wt% Pt-20 wt% BaO/Al2O3 and 2 wt% Pt-20 wt% BaO/MgO-Al2O3 are almost identical as 0.45 and 0.40 of S/Ba, respectively, which yields the drastic decrease in NOx uptake for both sulfated samples. However, after desulfa- tion with H2 at 600 degrees C, the residual sulfur amount on MgO-Al2O3 supported catalyst is three times larger than that on Al2O3 supported one, indicating that sulfur species formed on the former are more stable than those on the latter. It is also well corresponding to the H2 TPRX results where the main H2S peak from MgO-Al2O3 supported sample is observed at higher temperature than Al2O3 supported one, resulting in the lower NOx uptake activity of former sample than the latter one. Meanwhile, after desulfation of MgO-Al2O3 supported sample at 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C, the activity is recovered more significantly due to the removal of the large amount of sulfur while Al2O3 supported one decreases monotonically due to the sintering of Pt crystallite and the formation of BaAl2O4 phase. It is summarized that MgO-Al2O3 supported catalyst enhances the thermal stability of the catalyst, however, forms the stable sulfate species, which needs to be improved to develop the more sulfur resistant NSR catalyst system.
Detection of Gangliosides as N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid‐specific Tumor‐associated Hanganutziu‐Deicher Antigen in Human Retinoblastoma Cells (1988)

Gangliosides were shown to bear the tumor-associated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-specific Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen expressed in human retinoblastoma cells. HD antigenic gangliosides were detected by thin-layer chromatography/enzyme-immunostaining using affinity-purified chicken antibody against GM3 containing NeuGc and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-chicken IgG. One to four species of the antigenic gangliosides were detected from all of 4 cell lines, Y79, WERI-Rb1, TOTL1, and YK, as well as freshly cultured retinoblastoma cells and isolated tumor tissue. All cases contained GM3(NeuGc) as an HD antigen. No HD antigenic ganglioside was detected in normal retinal tissues by the same procedure.
Visualization of a water-selective pore by electron crystallography in vitreous ice (2001)

The water-selective pathway through the aquaporin-1 membrane channel has been visualized by fitting an atomic model to a 3.7-A resolution three-dimensional density map. This map was determined by analyzing images and electron diffraction patterns of lipid-reconstituted two-dimensional crystals of aquaporin-1 preserved in vitrified buffer in the absence of any additive. The aqueous pathway is characterized by a size-selective pore that is approximately 4.0 +/- 0.5A in diameter, spans a length of approximately 18A, and bends by approximately 25 degrees as it traverses the bilayer. This narrow pore is connected by wide, funnel-shaped openings at the extracellular and cytoplasmic faces. The size-selective pore is outlined mostly by hydrophobic residues, resulting in a relatively inert pathway conducive to diffusion-limited water flow. The apex of the curved pore is close to the locations of the in-plane pseudo-2-fold symmetry axis that relates the N- and C-terminal halves and the conserved, functionally important N76 and N192 residues.
Cell lines derived from late embryonic stages of Drosophila melanogaster (1972)

ABSTRACT The development of three cell lines initiated from the late embryonic stages of Drosophila melanogaster is described. The primary cultures consisted of trypsinized fragments from embryos 20–24 h old. The length of time between primary culture and subsequent subculture varied from 8 months for the first line to 3 weeks for the third. All three lines have been maintained in vitro for more than a year. The characteristics of each line are given and evidence is presented that at least one line is derived from imaginal disc cells. A few comments on insect tissue culture in general are also made.
Metabolism in patients with small cell lung carcinoma compared with patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and healthy controls (1997)

An enhanced REE adjusted for FFM occurred in patients with SCLC compared with those with NSCLC.
Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability (1980)

The rat brain capillary permeability coefficient was determined for 27 compounds. The relationship of permeability to octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight was found to be predictable for drugs with molecular weights less than 400.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON NORMAL AND PAPAIN-TREATED ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN THE RABBIT (1973)

1. Because of the controversy over the clinical effects of corticosteroids on joint tissues a series of experiments on the knee joints of rabbits was undertaken. 2. The articular cartilage of the distal femoral epiphyses of normalcontrols has been compared with that of rabbits treated daily either with cortisone or with methyl prednisolone systemically or by intra-articular injections. 3. The changes caused by intravenous papain and their subsequent recovery have been described, and the adverse effect of corticosteroids on recovery has been assessed. 4. The biological mechanisms involved are discussed, and as a result caution is urged in the administration of corticosteroids in the presence of progressive degenerative joint disease.