gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of ion-assisted deposition using a gridless end-Hall ion source for volume manufacturing of thin film optical filters (1994)

A wide variety of thin-film materials (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, HfO<SUB>2</SUB>, Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>, ITO, Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, CeO<SUB>2</SUB>, Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>, Au, Ag, and MgF<SUB>2</SUB>) were deposited using conventional electron beam and thermal evaporation techniques with a concomitant bombardment of energetic oxygen ions from a gridless end-Hall ion source. The oxygen-ion-assisted deposition was performed with an ion-beam current of approximately one Ampere over a range of 40 to 120 eV, providing a uniform ion current density (.3 to .5 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) impinging on a large substrate area (5024 cm<SUP>2</SUP>). Compared to film deposited using standard gridded ion sources this process produces optically equivalent materials with a broad ion beam which is well suited for volume manufacturing.
Conformational Properties of Purine-Like C-Nucleosides (1996)

Abstract The multiplicities and chemical shifts of the 5′-hydroxyl resonances in the NMR spectra of a series of purine-like C-nucleosides reflect the presence of a hydrogen bond to N(1), and hence afford a method for assessing solution syn/anti conformational preferences.
Minimizing the sulphur content in Kraft lignin (2008)

The aim of this project is to investigate the possibilities of minimizing the sulphur content in Kraft lignin. Kraft lignin contains about 1.5 to 3% sulphur. The sulphur is believed to be present in lignin as inorganic sulphur, as elemental sulphur, as adsorbed polysulphide and/or as organically bound sulphur. For the determination of these different types of sulphur components, different approaches and methods were used. For the determination of inorganic sulphur, lignin was washed with water at pH 6 and pH 2 and the wash waters were analysed with ion chromatography (IC). For the determination of total sulphur content in the lignin, two methods were used; Schöniger combustion followed by ion chromatography (IC) and wet digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The elemental sulphur content in water-extracted lignin was determined after n-pentane extraction. ICP analysis was performed on the washed lignin. Calcium present in the lignin may bind polysulphides and thus be a source of the observed sulphur. The lignin was thus ion-exchanged to remove any calcium. To further investigate how the sulphur content in lignin can be decreased, two different types of reactions were performed on lignin; oxidation and reduction. The oxidation reactions were made in sodium hydroxide with oxygen at different temperatures and time on both original and water-extracted lignin. The reduction reactions were made on water-extracted lignin with Raney nickel in three different solvent systems: methanol: water, acetone: water and sodium hydroxide. The original lignin contained 2.6% sulphur as determined by ICP. Washing lowered the content to 1.85% sulphur. By n-pentane extraction the elemental sulphur was lowered to a level of 1.82% sulphur, which was considered to be organically bound sulphur. Neither the ion exchange nor the oxidation lowered the sulphur content significantly. The reduction reactions successfully the organically bound sulphur from 1.82% to a level of 0.54%. The relative distribution of the sulphur content in the studied softwood lignin was as follows: about 29% as inorganic sulphur, about 1% as elemental sulphur and approximately 70% as organically bound sulphur, of which 49% could be removed by Raney nickel.
ANTI-SELECTIN THERAPY MODIFIES SKELETAL MUSCLE ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY (1996)

Restoration of blood flow to ischemic skeletal muscle results in a reperfusion injury characterized by permeability edema in part mediated by neutrophils that adhere via the selectin family of adhesion molecules. Rats underwent 4 h of hindlimb tourniquet ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion. The role of neutrophils was determined by rendering one group of animals neutropenic before ischemia. In additional experimental groups, selectins were blocked with either a soluble form of the selectin counter-receptor, sialyl-Lewis X (SLX) or a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin (PB1.3). Neutrophil depletion resulted in a 36.1% reduction in hindlimb permeability (p < .05). SLX reduced hindlimb permeability index (PI) 23.9% at 1 mg/kg and 36.1% at 10 mg/kg compared to a nonfucosylated oligosaccharide, sialyl-N-acetylactosamine (p < .05). SLX also reduced neutrophil sequestration by 48.6% (p < .05). PB1.3 reduced hindlimb injury by 26.5% (p < .05) but did not reduce leukosequestration. We interpret these data to indicate that ischemia and reperfusion lead to selectin-mediated neutrophil sequestration. The oligosaccharide SLX, while moderately effective in limiting neutrophil sequestration was as effective as neutrophil depletion in reducing hindlimb permeability. The lack of concordance between the ability of SLX and PB1.3 in limiting neutrophil sequestration and permeability indicate mechanisms of action of these two agents that are in addition to the blocking of adhesion.
Vaccination with Irradiated Autologous Tumor Cells Mixed with Irradiated GM-K562 Cells Stimulates Antitumor Immunity and T Lymphocyte Activation in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma (2016)

Vaccination with irradiated autologous tumor cells mixed with GM-K562 cells is feasible, well tolerated, and active in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2885-96. ©2016 AACR.
Neoplastic Transformation in C3H 10T½ Cells after Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA and 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiations (2001)

The effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the cellular phone communication range (835.62 MHz frequency division multiple access, FDMA; 847.74 MHz code division multiple access, CDMA) on neoplastic transformation frequency was measured using the in vitro C3H 10T(1/2) cell transformation assay system. To determine if 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA radiations have any genotoxic effects that induce neoplastic transformation, C3H 10T(1/2) cells were exposed at 37 degrees C to either of the above radiations [each at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6 W/kg] or sham-exposed at the same time for 7 days. After the culture medium was changed, the cultures were transferred to incubators and refed with fresh growth medium every 7 days. After 42 days, the cells were fixed and stained with Giemsa, and transformed foci were scored. To determine if exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA radiation has any epigenetic effects that can promote neoplastic transformation, cells were first exposed to 4.5 Gy of X rays to induce the transformation process and then exposed to the above radiations (SAR = 0.6 W/kg) in temperature-controlled irradiators with weekly refeeding for 42 days. After both the 7-day RF exposure and the 42-day RF exposure after X irradiation, no statistically significant differences in the transformation frequencies were observed between incubator controls, the sham-exposed (maintained in irradiators without power to the antenna), and the 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA-exposed groups.
Combined riluzole and sodium phenylbutyrate therapy in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice (2008)

Recent evidence suggests that transcriptional dysregulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB), is neuroprotective and corrects aberrant gene transcription in ALS mice and has recently been shown to be safe and tolerable in ALS patients while improving hypoacetylation. Since many patients are already on riluzole, it is important to ensure that any proposed therapy does not result in negative synergy with riluzole. The combined treatment of riluzole and NaPB significantly extended survival and improved both the clinical and neuropathological phenotypes in G93A transgenic ALS mice beyond either agent alone. Combination therapy increased survival by 21.5%, compared to the separate administration of riluzole (7.5%) and NaPB (12.8%), while improving both body weight loss and grip strength. The data show that the combined treatment was synergistic. In addition, riluzole/NaPB treatment ameliorated gross lumbar and ventral horn atrophy, attenuated lumbar ventral horn neuronal cell death, and decreased reactive astrogliosis. Riluzole/NaPB administration increased acetylation at H4 and increased NF-kappaB p50 translocation to the nucleus in G93A mice, consistent with a therapeutic effect. These data suggest that NaPB may not interfere with the pharmacologic action of riluzole in ALS patients.
La prohibición del velo integral islámico, a propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (2013)

El presente trabajo se centra en el analisis de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo que declara no ajustada a Derecho la Ordenanza municipal de civismo y convivencia, aprobada por el Ayuntamiento de Lerida, en la que se prohibe el uso del velo integral islamico, en los espacios y equipamiento municipales. Tras manifestar que el velo integral no debe considerarse un simbolo religioso, se expone cual es el panorama normativo de la Union Europea, del Consejo de Europa y en algunos paises de nuestro entorno. Del analisis, en primer lugar, de la Sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Cataluna, que avala la prohibicion y, en segundo lugar, de la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo que la rechaza, se acaba concluyendo la conveniencia de que el Tribunal Supremo hubiera tenido que aplicar el principio de proporcionalidad.
Isolation of exfoliated colonocytes from human stool as a new technique for colonic cytology (2002)

Cell exfoliation in the gut is an important cell renewal mechanism. To approach its investigation we applied a novel immunomagnetic technique for isolation of exfoliated cells from human stool. Exfoliated colonocytes were isolated from 168 stool samples. The cells were assessed microscopically using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry. The technique allowed us to obtain well-preserved colonocytes displaying characteristic features of well-differentiated colonic epithelium and positive immunostaining for cytokeratin 5/8. No mucin-producing cells were found. Exfoliated cells did not produce inducible nitric oxide synthase, albeit cultured colon carcinoma cells HT-29 analysed in parallel showed strong immunostaining. Analysis of exfoliated cell numbers in consecutive stool samples from the same subjects revealed considerable interindividual variation. Overall exfoliated colonocyte numbers were relatively low, isolation being unaffected by addition during the procedure of excessive amounts of HT-29 cells. Apoptosis was extremely rare among exfoliated colonocytes. Well-preserved exfoliated colonocytes can be consistently isolated from human faeces using a simple procedure. Our findings suggest that the actual process of cell exfoliation in the human colon may be much less intense than is generally accepted. Exfoliated cell isolation from human stool constitutes a convenient non-invasive approach that can be used for diagnostic and research purposes.
An interleaved dual-battery power supply for battery-operated electronics (2000)

After a detailed analysis and discussion of two important characteristics of today's battery cells (i.e., their current-capacity and current-voltage curves), this paper describes the design principles and architecture of a dual-battery power supply system for portable electronics. The key idea is to integrate two battery types with different energy capacity and current rate curves into the power supply system, and then use them in an interleaved manner in response to varying current requirement of the VLSI circuit that is powered by this dual-battery system. Analytical and empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new battery architecture in maximizing the service life of a battery system with fixed volume (or weight).
Ultrathin self-assembled polymeric films on solid surfaces. III. Influence of acrylate dithioalkyl side chain length on polymeric monolayer formation on gold (1994)

Self-assembled films of acrylate polymers containing dithioalkyl side chains of varying lengths have been fabricated on gold substrates by adsorption from dilute organic solution. Anchoring alkyl side chain types studied include lipoate (n=4), pentyl dithioundecanoate (n=10), pentyl dithiopalmitate (n=15), and pentyl dithiotricosonate (n=22), where n represents the number of methylene units in the longer arm of the asymmetric disulfide side chain. Comprehensive characterization of polymer monolayers by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed improved order for structural assemblies of C11 (n=10) side chain polymer monolayers, over shorter and longer side chain polymer analogs, due to a higher percentage of bound thiolate anchors. Monolayer thicknesses range from 20 to 40 Å, primarily depending on side chain length and density along the polymer backbone. Cyclic voltammetry on gold electrodes shows that longer side chain polymer monolayers possess more structural defects resulting from considerable disorder in the films. Despite the less organized structural features for these polymer monolayers, their selective adsorption onto gold via specific side chain terminal disulfide anchors on microlithographed substrate patterns creates well-resolved surface-modified microstructures comparable to those from monomeric analogs, as shown by scanning Auger mapping.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity toPhlebotomus papatasisand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly? (2000)

The saliva of bloodsucking arthropods contains a large array of pharmacologically active compounds that assist hematophagy. Arthropod saliva is also responsible for causing uncomfortable allergic responses in its vertebrate hosts. In this article, we investigate whether the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, known to produce a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in humans, could benefit from, and possibly adaptively induce, this response in their vertebrate hosts. In this study, we show that flies fed on humans to completion nearly twice as fast in DTH sites as compared with normal skin sites. DTH sites had significantly larger blood flow as measured by the laser Doppler method. Sand flies feeding at sites in mouse ears that had a DTH response also fed faster than at normal sites. We conclude that in the case of P. papatasi, and possibly other arthropods such as fleas and bed bugs, the strong saliva-induced DTH response may reflect an adaptation of the fly to manipulate host immunity for the insect's own advantage.
l‐Arabinose transport and catabolism in yeast (2007)

Two yeasts, Candida arabinofermentans PYCC 5603(T) and Pichia guilliermondii PYCC 3012, which show rapid growth on L-arabinose and very high rates of L-arabinose uptake on screening, were selected for characterization of L-arabinose transport and the first steps of intracellular L-arabinose metabolism. The kinetics of L-arabinose uptake revealed at least two transport systems with distinct substrate affinities, specificities, functional mechanisms and regulatory properties. The L-arabinose catabolic pathway proposed for filamentous fungi also seems to operate in the yeasts studied. The kinetic parameters of the initial L-arabinose-metabolizing enzymes were determined. Reductases were found to be mostly NADPH-dependent, whereas NAD was the preferred cofactor of dehydrogenases. The differences found between the two yeasts agree with the higher efficiency of L-arabinose metabolism in C. arabinofermentans. This is the first full account of the initial steps of L-arabinose catabolism in yeast including the biochemical characterization of a specific L-arabinose transporter.
Identification of macrophage and stress-induced proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1995)

Using phosphorimager technology to quantitate differences in protein expression, we have investigated the modulation of protein synthesis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to intracellular residence in human macrophages and, for comparison, in response to various stress conditions during extracellular growth. Proteins of M. tuberculosis growing intracellularly in human THP-1 cells and extracellularly in broth were labeled with [35S]methionine; during intracellular growth, host cell protein synthesis was inhibited with cycloheximide. The metabolically labeled proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantitatively analyzed. Intracellular residence in macrophages induced a profound change in the overall phenotype of M. tuberculosis. The expression of at least 16 M. tuberculosis proteins was induced (at least a twofold increase compared with growth in broth) and 28 proteins repressed (at least a twofold decrease). Many of the phenotypic changes in protein expression induced during intracellular growth occurred during extracellular growth in response to stress conditions including heat-shock, low pH, and H2O2. However, the pattern of induced and repressed proteins was unique to each stress condition. Of the 16 macrophage-induced proteins, 6 were absent during extracellular growth under both normal and stress conditions. Such proteins are potential virulence determinants and/or they may be important in the cell-mediated and protective immune response to M. tuberculosis infection.
Progress in cytomegalovirus research : proceedings of the Third International Cytomegalovirus Workshop, Bologna, 11-14 June 1991 (1991)

Preface. Clinical importance of CMV (4 papers). Genome organization and function (5 papers). Gene regulation (3 papers). Molecular approach to diagnosis (5 papers). Protein structure and function (3 papers). Immune responses (5 papers). Immunoprophylaxis (6 papers). Immunodiagnosis (5 papers). Virus-host interactions in vitro (5 papers). Virus-host interactions in vivo (5 papers). CMV-HIV interactions (3 papers). Antivirals (5 papers). Subject index. Index of authors.
Efficient Targeted Mutagenesis in Medaka Using Custom-Designed Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (2013)

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) have become powerful tools for targeted genome editing. Here we demonstrate efficient targeted mutagenesis in medaka (Oryzias latipes), which serves as an excellent vertebrate model for genetics and genomics. We designed and constructed a pair of TALENs targeting the medaka DJ-1 gene, a homolog of human DJ-1 (PARK7). These TALENs induced a number of insertions and deletions in the injected embryos with extremely high efficiency. This induction of mutations occurred in a dose-dependent manner. All screened G0 fish injected with the TALENs transmitted the TALEN-induced mutations to the next generation with high efficiency (44-100%). We also confirmed that these TALENs induced site-specific mutations because none of the mutations were found at potential off-target sites. In addition, the DJ-1 protein was lost in DJ-1(Δ7/Δ7) fish that carried a TALEN-induced frameshift mutation in both alleles. We also investigated the effect of the N- and C-terminal regions of the transcription activator-like (TAL) effector domain on the gene-disrupting activity of DJ1-TALENs and found that 287 amino acids at the N terminus and 63 amino acids at the C terminus of the TAL domain exhibited the highest disrupting activity in the injected embryos. Our results suggest that TALENs enable us to rapidly and efficiently establish knockout medaka strains. This is the first report of targeted mutagenesis in medaka using TALENs. The TALEN technology will expand the potential of medaka as a model system for genetics and genomics.
TGF-β-induced RhoA and p160 ROCK activation is involved in the inhibition of Cdc25A with resultant cell-cycle arrest (2003)

The ability of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways to inhibit proliferation of most cells while stimulating proliferation of others remains a conundrum. In this article, we report that the absence of RhoA and p160ROCK activity in fibroblastic NIH 3T3 cells and its presence in epithelial NMuMG cells can at least partially explain the difference in the TGF-beta growth response. Further, evidence is presented for TGF-beta-stimulated p160ROCK translocation to the nucleus and inhibitory phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase-activating phosphatase, Cdc25A. The resultant suppression of Cdk2 activity contributes to G1/S inhibition in NMuMG cells. These data provide evidence that signaling through RhoA and p160ROCK is important in TGF-beta inhibition of cell proliferation and links signaling components for epithelial transdifferentiation with regulation of cell-cycle progression.
Protection from cerebral air emboli with perfluorocarbons in rabbits. (1986)

Cerebral air emboli have been implicated in the transient neurological deficits seen in patients after cardiovascular surgery. Since perfluorocarbon emulsions such as FC-43 have greater solubilities for gases compared to plasma, it was decided to investigate their potential in providing protection against transient ischemia produced by such emboli. Forty rabbits were divided into three groups of ten, twenty, and ten. They were anesthetized with acepromazine and ketamine and were given an infusion of either hetastarch or FC-43, 10 ml/kg i.v. In Group I, which received a bolus air injection into the internal carotid artery, survival rates were: 2/5 for the hetastarch group and 5/5 for the FC-43 group (p less than .05). In Group 2, which received an air infusion until the EEG was flat bilaterally, 3/10 hetastarch-treated rabbits survived while 10/10 FC-43-treated rabbits survived for 24 hours (p = .035). In Group 3, analysis of blood viscosity and osmolality over a four hour period following either hetastarch or FC-43 infusion resulted in no significant differences between the two treatments but a significant decrease in both variables after 30 minutes which returned to baseline values at 60 minutes. The results of the study demonstrate a protective effect from cerebral air emboli delivered into the internal carotid artery as either a bolus or slow infusion in rabbits pretreated with a perfluorocarbon emulsion in terms of survivability and recovery from transient neurological deficits.
Magnesium Deficiency and Hypertension: Correlation Between Magnesium-Deficient Diets and Microcirculatory Changes in Situ (1984)

Rats maintained for 12 weeks on diets moderately or more severely deficient in magnesium showed significant elevations in arterial blood pressure compared to control animals. Examination of the mesenteric microcirculation in situ revealed that dietary magnesium deficiency resulted in reduced capillary, postcapillary, and venular blood flow concomitant with reduced terminal arteriolar, precapillary sphincter, and venular lumen sizes. The greater the degree of dietary magnesium deficiency the greater the reductions in microvascular lumen sizes. These findings may provide a rationale for the etiology, as well as treatment, of some forms of hypertensive vascular disease.
[Sapropels of the Belokurikhinskaya spa and resort area]. (2011)

The deposits of therapeutic peloids in the Belokurikhinskaya spa and resort area are estimated at 120,000 cub.m. Bottom sediments in freshwater lakes of the region in the form of sapropels and low-mineralized peloids can be used for the "sparing" treatment of debilitated patients presenting with a variety of diseases associated with an impaired functional potential. It is emphasized that the development and application of the local sapropel and low-sulphide silt deposits for therapeutic purposes would be instrumental in the further extension of the remedial basis of the Belokurikhinskaya health resort.