gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate as a Catalyst in Organic Synthesis (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate as a Catalyst in Organic SynthesisVellaisamy Sridharan and J. Carlos Menéndez*View Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6, 3805–3849Publication Date (Web):April 1, 2010Publication History Received5 January 2010Published online1 April 2010Published inissue 9 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100004phttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100004preview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16993Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Ethers,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
DEOS - The German Robotics Approach to Secure and De-Orbit Malfunctioned Satellites from Low Earth Orbits (2010)

There are many concepts how to serve and lift malfunctioning satellites from their operational orbit to avoid large scale damage caused by uncontrollable satellites. For many years now Germany has been developing robotic techniques especially to handle its spacecraft to the very end of life – just until their disposal. The German approach is based on berthing techniques using a manipulator system accommodated on a servicing satellite (Servicer) operated semi-autonomously and from Earth.
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (2012)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is a multistep process that requires the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. There are several issues concerning colorectal carcinogenesis that remain unanswered, such as the cell of origin and the type of cells that propagate the tumor after its initiation. There are two models of carcinogenesis: the stochastic and the cancer stem cell (CSC) model. According to the stochastic model, any kind of cell is capable of initiating and promoting cancer development, whereas the CSC model suggests that tumors are hierarchically organized and only CSCs possess cancer-promoting potential. Moreover, various molecular pathways, such as Wingless/Int (Wnt) and Notch, as well as the complex crosstalk network between microenvironment and CSCs, are involved in CRC. Identification of CSCs remains controversial due to the lack of widely accepted specific molecular markers. CSCs are responsible for tumor relapse, because conventional drugs fail to eliminate the CSC reservoir. Therefore, the design of CSC-targeted interventions is a rational target, which will enhance responsiveness to traditional therapeutic strategies and reduce local recurrence and metastasis. This review discusses the implications of the newly introduced CSC model in CRC, the markers used up to now for CSC identification, and its potential implications in the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Conducting polyaniline coatings for submicron lithography and SEM metrology (2016)

Polyaniline is a family of soluble, electrically conducting polymers that has a potential for a number of applications, in particular in the area of lithography. This paper focus on a new family of water soluble conducting polyanilines made by oxidatively polymerizing aniline monomers on a polymeric acid template. The resulting polyanilines readily dissolve in water. These polymers are found to function as effective spin-applied, removable discharge layers for electron-beam lithography. In addition, they also provide a non-destructive method of performing high resolution scanning electron microscopic (SEM) metrology of masks or device wafers. It will also be shown that polyaniline can be patterned with submicron resolution. First, polyaniline itself can be inherently imaged resulting in a water developable, negative conducting resist capable of 0.25 Jtm resolution. In addition, a number of indirect methods of patterning polyaniline using conventional photoresist technology are described.
Spontaneous variation and synthesis in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat of an avian retrovirus (1982)

Recombinant DNA clones of a viral clone of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, were found to have long terminal repeats of different sizes. The variation was in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats, and any one clone had U3 of the same size in both long terminal repeats. The U3 regions in the 5' and 3' long terminal repeat were shown both to be derived from the 3' long terminal repeat of parental virus DNA.
Pheromone response elements are necessary and sufficient for basal and pheromone-induced transcription of the FUS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1991)

The FUS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha diploids, and its transcription increases dramatically when haploid cells are exposed to the appropriate mating pheromone. In addition, FUS1 transcription is absolutely dependent on STE4, STE5, STE7, STE11, and STE12, genes thought to encode components of the pheromone response pathway. We now have determined that the pheromone response element (PRE), which occurs in four copies within the FUS1 upstream region, functions as the FUS1 upstream activation sequence (UAS) and is responsible for all known aspects of FUS1 regulation. In particular, deletion of 55 bp that includes the PREs abolished all transcription, and a 139-bp fragment that includes the PREs conferred FUS1-like expression to a CYC1-lacZ reporter gene. Moreover, three or four copies of a synthetic PRE closely mimicked the activity conferred by the 139-bp fragment, and even a single copy of PRE conferred a trace of activity that was haploid specific and pheromone inducible. In the FUS1 promoter context, four copies of the synthetic PRE inserted at the site of the 55-bp deletion restored full FUS1 transcription. Sequences upstream and downstream from the PRE cluster were important for maximal PRE-directed expression but, by themselves, did not have UAS activity. Other yeast genes with PREs, e.g., STE2 and BAR1, are more modestly inducible and have additional UAS elements contributing to the overall activity. In the FUS1 promoter, the PREs apparently act alone to confer activity that is highly stimulated by pheromone.
IL-12 Enhances CTL Synapse Formation and Induces Self-Reactivity (2009)

Immunological synapse formation between T cells and target cells can affect the functional outcome of TCR ligation by a given MHC-peptide complex. Although synapse formation is usually induced by TCR signaling, it is not clear whether other factors can affect the efficiency of synapse formation. Here, we tested whether cytokines could influence synapse formation between murine CTLs and target cells. We found that IL-12 enhanced synapse formation, whereas TGFbeta decreased synapse formation. The enhanced synapse formation induced by IL-12 appeared to be functional, given that IL-12-treated cells could respond to weak peptides, including self-peptides, to which the T cells were normally unresponsive. These responses correlated with expression of functionally higher avidity LFA-1 on IL-12-treated CTLs. These findings have implications for the function of IL-12 in T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
Feeling Bumps and Holes without a Haptic Interface: the Perception of Pseudo-Haptic Textures (2004)

We present a new interaction technique to simulate textures in desktop applications without a haptic interface. The proposed technique consists in modifying the motion of the cursor on the computer screen -- i.e. the Control/Display ratio. Assuming that the image displayed on the screen corresponds to a top view of the texture, an acceleration (or deceleration) of the cursor indicates a negative (or positive) slope of the texture. Experimental evaluations showed that participants could successfully identify macroscopic textures such as bumps and holes, by simply using the variations of the motion of the cursor. Furthermore, the participants were able to draw the different profiles of bumps and holes which were simulated, correctly. These results suggest that our technique enabled the participants to successfully conjure a mental image of the topography of the macroscopic textures. Applications for this technique are: the feeling of images (pictures, drawings) or GUI components (windows&amp;apos; edges, buttons), the improvement of navigation, or the visualization of scientific data.
HIGH POWER HANDLING SUPERCONDUCTING PLANAR FILTERS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS (2000)

Passive microwave filters based on HTS films are very promising for telecommunication applications. We report on the design, obtained using a commercial 2.5D software, and the realization of filters, fabricated with double sided YBCO films grown on LaAlO 3 substrates, for both receiving and transmission systems. For the receiving side, planar multi-pole interdigital L-band filters with 75 MHz transmission bandwidths have been fabricated on 2" substrates. Up to 80 K this kind of filter, based on a Tchebischev response, shows an insertion loss lower than 0.5 dB with a ripple of 0.3 dB for a maximum input power of 2 Watts. For the transmitting side, dual-mode filters represent one of the main interesting configuration to exploit since they can combine a high power handling capability with miniaturization requirements. A novel kind of dual-mode C-band filter based on cross slotted square resonators is presented. The novelty of the proposed structure is to use a pair of unequal crossed slots that are formed on a square patch resonator such that its structure size can be significantly reduced. A prototypal device operating at 3.7 GHz is fabricated with different type of couplings on 10 × 10 mm 2 LaAlO 3 substrate to showcase our proposal. The behavior of the filter as a function of the input power has been tested up to 2 Watts limited by the amplified power supply.
Conversion of liver allograft recipients from cyclosporine to FK 506-based immunosuppression: benefits and pitfalls. (1991)

CYCLOSPORINE (CyA) has been a major advance in the armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents used in clinical transplantation. The use of CyA and steroids has increased patient and graft survival in human transplantation.1,2 Rejection continues to be the most common cause of retransplantation, and death is often a sequela of treatment of rejection. A number of adverse effects of CyA have been well defined; these include nephrotoxicity, hypertension, neurotoxicity, hirsuitism, and a number of less well-defined side effects. It has been suggested that this spectrum of side effects are related to a common pathway involving the cyclophyllin receptor.3 Alterations in clinical immunosuppression to prevent or reverse these and other side effects have included (1) reduction of CyA dose or (2) addition of azathioprine, antilymphocyte antibodies, or other agents with concomitant reductions in the CyA dose. These methodologies have their inherent dangers: increased susceptibility to rejection, and increased susceptibility to infection, respectively.

FK 506 is a potent and novel immunosuppressive agent. At the Second International Workshop on FK 506, held in Barcelona, Spain in October 1989, an initial report on the use of FK 506 for conversion of patients with CyA failure to FK 506 was given. This report included the plan to administer FK 506 to 40 patients who were rejecting their liver grafts in spite of conventional immunosuppression.4 The initial protocol was to combine low doses of FK 506 with CyA, which was attempted in the early experience; however, this combination was accompanied by a number of adverse reactions. Eventually, a simple switch (clean conversion) was made from CyA to FK 506.

The following is a detailed account of the first 246 liver transplant recipients converted from CyA, steroids, and/or azathioprine to FK 506 with or without low-dose steroids. The results are analyzed by indications for entrance into the protocol.
First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes – Chapter 1: update on national regulatory frameworks pertinent to clinical islet xenotransplantation (2016)

Islet xenotransplantation represents an attractive solution to overcome the shortage of human islets for use in type 1 diabetes. The wide-scale application of clinical islet xenotransplantation, however, requires that such a procedure takes place in a specifically and tightly regulated environment. With a view to promoting the safe application of clinical islet xenotransplantation, a few years ago the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA) published a Consensus Statement that outlined the key ethical and regulatory requirements to be satisfied before the initiation of xenotransplantation studies in diabetic patients. This earlier IXA Statement also documented a disparate regulatory landscape among different geographical areas. This situation clearly fell short of the 2004 World Health Assembly Resolution WHA57.18 that urged Member States "to cooperate in the formulation of recommendations and guidelines to harmonize global practices" to ensure the highest ethical and regulatory standards on a global scale. In this new IXA report, IXA members who are active in xenotransplantation research in their respective geographic areas herewith briefly describe changes in the regulatory frameworks that have taken place in the intervening period in the various geographic areas or countries. The key reassuring take-home message of the present report is that many countries have embraced the encouragement of the WHO to harmonize the procedures in a more global scale. Indeed, important regulatory changes have taken place or are in progress in several geographic areas that include Europe, Korea, Japan, and China. Such significant regulatory changes encompass the most diverse facets of the clinical application of xenotransplantation and comprise ethical aspects, source animals and product specifications, study supervision, sample archiving, patient follow-up and even insurance coverage in some legislations. All these measures are expected to provide a better care and protection of recipients of xenotransplants but also a higher safety profile to xenotransplantation procedures with an ultimate net gain in terms of international public health.
Morphologic Remodeling of Pulmonary Veins and Left Atrium after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: (2005)

Structural remodeling of the superior PVs and LA can be reversible after successful ablation without AF recurrence; however, late recurrence of AF is associated with progressive LA dilation.
A preoperative diagnostic test that distinguishes benign from malignant thyroid carcinoma based on gene expression (2004)

Accurate diagnosis of thyroid tumors is challenging. A particular problem is distinguishing between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), where histology of fine-needle aspirates is not conclusive. It is often necessary to remove healthy thyroid to rule out carcinoma. In order to find markers to improve diagnosis, we quantified gene transcript expression from FTC, FTA, and normal thyroid, revealing 73 differentially expressed transcripts (P < or = 0.0001). Using an independent set of 23 FTCs, FTAs, and matched normal thyroids, 17 genes with large expression differences were tested by real-time RT-PCR. Four genes (DDIT3, ARG2, ITM1, and C1orf24) differed between the two classes FTC and FTA, and a linear combination of expression levels distinguished FTC from FTA with an estimated predictive accuracy of 0.83. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for DDIT3 and ARG2 showed consistent staining for carcinoma in an independent set 59 follicular tumors (estimated concordance, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, [0.59, 0.93]). A simple test based on a combination of these markers might improve preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules, allowing better treatment decisions and reducing long-term health costs.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BLOOD‐GROUP SUBSTANCES. PART 11. SYNTHESIS OF THE TRISACCHARIDE O‐α‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL‐(1.FWDARW# .4)‐2‐ACETAMIDO‐2‐DEOXY‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE (1981)

Abstract Die Kondensation des Alkohols (I) mit 2,3,4,6‐Tetra‐ O‐acetyl‐a‐D‐galactopyranosylbromid in Gegenwart von Hg‐bromid und Molekülsieben (4 Å) lieferte das amorphe Disaccharid (IIa), das nach Acetylierung zu (IIb) kristallin erhalten wurde.
On optimal batching policies for video-on-demand storage servers (2002)

In a video-on-demand environment, batching of video requests is often used to reduce I/O demand and improve throughput. Since viewers may defect if they experience long waits, a good video scheduling policy needs to consider not only the batch size but also the viewer defection probabilities and wait times. Two conventional scheduling policies for batching are first-come-first-served (FCFS) and maximum queue length (MOL). Neither of these policies lead to entirely satisfactory results. MQL tends to be too aggressive in scheduling popular videos by only considering the queue length to maximize batch size, while FCFS has the opposite effect. We introduce the notion of factored queue length and propose a batching policy that schedules the video with the maximum factored queue length. We refer to this as the MFQ policy. The factored queue length is obtained by weighting each video queue length with a factor which is biased against the more popular videos. An optimization problem is formulated to solve the best weighting factors for the various videos. A simulation is developed to compare the proposed MFQ policy with FCFS and MQL. Our study shows that MFQ yields excellent empirical results in terms of standard performance measures such as average latency time, defection rates and fairness.
Space-frequency quantization for wavelet image coding (1997)

A new class of image coding algorithms coupling standard scalar quantization of frequency coefficients with tree-structured quantization (related to spatial structures) has attracted wide attention because its good performance appears to confirm the promised efficiencies of hierarchical representation. This paper addresses the problem of how spatial quantization modes and standard scalar quantization can be applied in a jointly optimal fashion in an image coder. We consider zerotree quantization (zeroing out tree-structured sets of wavelet coefficients) and the simplest form of scalar quantization (a single common uniform scalar quantizer applied to all nonzeroed coefficients), and we formalize the problem of optimizing their joint application. We develop an image coding algorithm for solving the resulting optimization problem. Despite the basic form of the two quantizers considered, the resulting algorithm demonstrates coding performance that is competitive, often outperforming the very best coding algorithms in the literature.
Highly reactive organolanthanides. A mechanistic study of catalytic olefin hydrogenation by bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and related 4f complexes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly reactive organolanthanides. A mechanistic study of catalytic olefin hydrogenation by bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and related 4f complexesGerald Jeske, Harald Lauke, Heiko Mauermann, Herbert Schumann, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 26, 8111–8118Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00312a052Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1179Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (938 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymeric Proanthocyanidins from the Bark of Hamamelis virginiana (2003)

Polymeric proanthocyanidins were isolated from the bark of Hamamelis virginiana L. in yields of about 5 %. Fractionation yielded fractions with similar structures but different molecular weights with DP between 17-29 (thiolysis) and 11-20 (GPC). Polymers were composed predominantly of epicatechin and epigallocatechin as chain extension units at ratio of about 1.3:1. Terminal chain units were catechin (approximately 95 %) and gallocatechin (approximately 5 %). All chain extension units were completely galloylated at position O-3, while chain terminating units were not galloylated. Predominant interflavan linkages were 4 --> 8-bonds.
Preparation of 5-Brominated and 5,5‘-Dibrominated 2,2‘-Bipyridines and 2,2‘-Bipyrimidines (2002)

Efficient syntheses of 5-brominated and 5,5'-dibrominated 2,2'-bipyridines and 2,2'-bipyrimidines, useful for the preparation of metal-complexing molecular rods, have been developed. 5-Bromo-2,2'-bipyridine, 5-bromo-5'-n-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, and 5-bromo-5'-n-hexyl-2,2'-bipyridine were obtained by Stille coupling of 2,5-dibromopyridine with 2-trimethylstannylpyridine or the requisite 5-alkyl-2-trimethylstannylpyridine, obtained via regioselective zincation of a 3-alkylpyridine.BF(3) complex in the less hindered of the two reactive positions with lithium di-tert-butyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)zincate. 5,5'-Dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine was obtained by the reductive symmetric coupling of 2,5-dibromopyridine with hexa-n-butyldistannane. The yields of these coupling reactions ranged from 70 to 90%. 5-Bromo- and 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyrimidines were obtained in yields of 30 and 15%, respectively, by bromination of 2,2'-bipyrimidine, prepared from 2-chloropyrimidine in 80% yield by an improved reductive symmetric coupling procedure.