gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new isoform of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in aldosterone target cells (1993)

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has been proposed to play an important role in aldosterone target cells by degrading endogenous glucocorticoids, thus allowing aldosterone to bind to the relatively nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor. The physiologically important species of this enzyme in renal aldosterone target cells appears to be kinetically and antigenically distinct from the previously characterized liver enzyme. Here we show that 11 beta-steroid dehydrogenase in the microsomal fraction of isolated renal collecting duct cells has a Km for corticosterone of 25.9 +/- 2.4 nM, about 100 times lower than the rat liver enzyme. Surprisingly, the collecting duct enzyme utilizes almost exclusively NAD as cofactor versus NADP used by the liver form. Conversion of corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone is 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 0.07 +/- 0.01 fmol/min/mg protein with 100 microM of NAD and NADP, respectively, demonstrating a 37.4 +/- 3.5-fold preference for NAD versus NADP. There is practically no conversion of 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone either with NADH or NADPH, indicating that in collecting duct cells the enzyme operates only in the direction of oxygenation. In addition, 11 beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity is dose dependently inhibited by the end product 11-dehydrocorticosterone while the liver enzyme does not show end product inhibition. We conclude that renal collecting duct cells, the major physiological targets of aldosterone, are protected from circulating glucocorticoids by a hitherto undescribed enzyme of the 11-dehydrogenase family, which differs from the known liver enzyme in having a significantly higher affinity for corticosterone and a different cofactor requirement.
Minisatellite linkage maps in the mouse by cross-hybridization with human probes containing tandem repeats. (1990)

Tests of 29 human variable number of tandem repeat probes in inbred mouse lines showed that 80% (23/29) cross-hybridize, and 48% (14/29) produce multiple band, minisatellite polymorphisms (fingerprint patterns). Mini-satellite-type polymorphisms detected by 11 probes were characterized in eight different strains; on average, 240 polymorphic differences were detected between pairs of strains. Reproducible fingerprint patterns permit the study of the segregation of the minisatellite polymorphisms in experimentally designed crosses. As an example, we constructed primary minisatellite genetic linkage maps containing 346 polymorphic bands, distributed in 101 groups of closely linked systems, from genotypes on a recombinant inbred panel (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J); 38 of the groups were assigned by linkage to 15 autosomal chromosomes. The minisatellite genetic maps of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J can be applied in other linkage studies involving these strains.
Adult Respiratory-Distress Syndrome (1982)

THE adult respiratory-distress syndrome (ARDS) — acute respiratory failure due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema — is a complex sequela of shock, systemic sepsis, battlefield or highway trauma, viral respiratory infections, and many other insults. This disorder is particularly tragic because it often afflicts patients who are young and were previously healthy.Recognized only 14 years ago, the syndrome has since been found to be both common and lethal, affecting an estimated 150,000 persons each year and killing at least half of them despite current supportive therapy.1 2 3 We will briefly summarize this extraordinary history and focus on recent progress in understanding . . .
Identification of Human S100A9 as a Novel Target for Treatment of Autoimmune Disease via Binding to Quinoline-3-Carboxamides (2009)

Despite more than 25 years of research, the molecular targets of quinoline-3-carboxamides have been elusive although these compounds are currently in Phase II and III development for treatment of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in humans. Using photoaffinity cross-linking of a radioactively labelled quinoline-3-carboxamide compound, we could determine a direct association between human S100A9 and quinoline-3-carboxamides. This interaction was strictly dependent on both Zn++ and Ca++. We also show that S100A9 in the presence of Zn++ and Ca++ is an efficient ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and also an endogenous Toll ligand in that it shows a highly specific interaction with TLR4/MD2. Both these interactions are inhibited by quinoline-3-carboxamides. A clear structure-activity relationship (SAR) emerged with regard to the binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A9, as well as these compounds potency to inhibit interactions with RAGE or TLR4/MD2. The same SAR was observed when the compound's ability to inhibit acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice in vivo was analysed. Quinoline-3-carboxamides would also inhibit TNFalpha release in a S100A9-dependent model in vivo, as would antibodies raised against the quinoline-3-carboxamide-binding domain of S100A9. Thus, S100A9 appears to be a focal molecule in the control of autoimmune disease via its interactions with proinflammatory mediators. The specific binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A9 explains the immunomodulatory activity of this class of compounds and defines S100A9 as a novel target for treatment of human autoimmune diseases.
Triamcinolone Stimulates bFGF Production and Inhibits TGF-β1 Production by Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2002)

BACKGROUND Triamcinolone acetonide has been shown to decrease both cellular proliferation and collagen production by dermal fibroblasts. An alteration of cytokine levels may mediate these effects. OBJECTIVE To delineate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide on both cellular proliferation and the production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) by human fibroblasts grown in a serum-free in vitro model. METHODS Human normal and keloid dermal fibroblasts were propagated in a serum-free in vitro model with exposure to 0, 5, 10, or 20 μm triamcinolone acetonide for 0, 24, 72, or 96 hours. Cell counts were determined by phase contrast microscopy. Levels of bFGF and TGF-β1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In our study, 20 μm triamcinolone acetonide caused statistically significant increases in the peak levels of bFGF for normal and keloid fibroblast cell lines (P < 0.05). It also caused statistically significant decreases in the level of TGF-β1 for normal and keloid fibroblast cell lines. For the keloid fibroblasts, 10 μm triamcinolone acetonide also caused a statistically significant decrease in the level of TGF-β1. CONCLUSION We conclude from these results that triamcinolone acetonide increases the production of bFGF and decreases production of TGF-β1 by human dermal fibroblasts.
Characterization of Interface Layer of Silicon on Sapphire Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1997)

Epitaxial silicon on sapphire (SOS) grown using a commercial process was characterized by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The SE data of a thin Si layer of SOS were analyzed based on the air/SiO 2 /Si/Al 2 O 3 structure, in which the Si layer was analyzed using the established optical properties of bulk-Si and model dielectric functions (MDFs) of Si, and also with two layers, the bottom layer with MDFs and the top layer with bulk-Si. The best fit of the SE data with two layers shows that the optical properties of the Si layer in the early stage of growth are different from those of bulk-Si due to the effect of lattice mismatch between Al 2 O 3 and Si. The thickness of the interface layer estimated from SE data analysis is around 20 nm, in reasonable agreement with the previous reports.
Feasibility Study: Watchful Waiting For Localized Low To Intermediate Grade Prostate Carcinoma With Selective Delayed Intervention Based On Prostate Specific Antigen, Histological And/Or Clinical Progression (2002)

A policy of watchful waiting with selectively delayed intervention based on predefined criteria of disease progression is feasible. This strategy offers the benefit of an individualized approach based on the demonstrated risk of clinical or biochemical progression with time and, thus, it may decrease the burden of therapy in patients with indolent disease, while providing definitive therapy for those with biologically active disease.
Central neural pathways for thermoregulation (2010)

Central neural circuits orchestrate a homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and to alter body temperature during the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the functional organization of the neural pathways through which cutaneous thermal receptors alter thermoregulatory effectors: the cutaneous circulation for heat loss, the brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and heart for thermogenesis and species-dependent mechanisms (sweating, panting and saliva spreading) for evaporative heat loss. These effectors are regulated by parallel but distinct, effector-specific neural pathways that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. The thermal afferent circuits include cutaneous thermal receptors, spinal dorsal horn neurons and lateral parabrachial nucleus neurons projecting to the preoptic area to influence warm-sensitive, inhibitory output neurons which control thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus that project to premotor neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla, including the raphe pallidus, that descend to provide the excitation necessary to drive thermogenic thermal effectors. A distinct population of warm-sensitive preoptic neurons controls heat loss through an inhibitory input to raphe pallidus neurons controlling cutaneous vasoconstriction.
Orientation in the Furan Nucleus. VI. β-Substituted Furans (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation in the Furan Nucleus. VI. β-Substituted FuransHenry Gilman and Robert R. BurtnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 7, 2903–2909Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01334a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA sequence requirements for transcriptional initiator activity in mammalian cells. (1994)

A transcriptional initiator (Inr) for mammalian RNA polymerase II can be defined as a DNA sequence element that overlaps a transcription start site and is sufficient for (i) determining the start site location in a promoter that lacks a TATA box and (ii) enhancing the strength of a promoter that contains a TATA box. We have prepared synthetic promoters containing random nucleotides downstream of Sp1 binding sites to determine the range of DNA sequences that convey Inr activity. Numerous sequences behaved as functional Inrs in an in vitro transcription assay, but the Inr activities varied dramatically. An examination of the functional elements revealed loose but consistent sequence requirements, with the approximate consensus sequence Py Py A+1 N T/A Py Py. Most importantly, almost every functional Inr that has been described fits into the consensus sequence that we have defined. Although several proteins have been reported to bind to specific Inrs, manipulation of those elements failed to correlate protein binding with Inr activity. The simplest model to explain these results is that all or most Inrs are recognized by a universal binding protein, similar to the functional recognition of all TATA sequences by the same TATA-binding protein. The previously reported proteins that bind near specific Inr elements may augment the strength of an Inr or may impart transcriptional regulation through an Inr.
Array Biosensor for Detection of Ochratoxin A in Cereals and Beverages (2004)

Contamination of food by mycotoxins occurs in minute quantities, and therefore, there is a need for a highly sensitive and selective device that can detect and quantify these organic toxins. We report the development of a rapid and highly sensitive array biosensor for the detection and quantitation of ochratoxin A (OTA). The array biosensor utilizes a competitive immunoassay format. Immobilized OTA derivatives compete with toxin in solution for binding to fluorescent anti-OTA antibody spiked into the sample. This competition is quantified by measuring the formation of the fluorescent immunocomplex on the waveguide surface. The fluorescent signal is inversely proportional to the concentration of OTA in the sample. Analyses for OTA in buffer and a variety of food and beverage samples were performed. Samples were extracted with methanol, without any sample cleanup or preconcentration step prior to analysis. The limit of detection for OTA in several cereals ranged from 3.8 to 100 ng/g, while in coffee and wine, detection limits were 7 and 38 ng/g, respectively.
The BGP Encapsulation Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI) and the BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (2009)

In certain situations, transporting a packet from one Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) speaker to another, the BGP next hop, requires that the
packet be encapsulated by the first BGP speaker and decapsulated by
the second. To support these situations, there needs to be some
agreement between the two BGP speakers with regard to the
encapsulation information, i.e., the format of the encapsulation
header as well as the contents of various fields of the header. The
encapsulation information need not be signaled for all encapsulation
types. In the cases where the signaling is required (such as Layer Two
Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3), Generic Routing Encapsulation
(GRE) with key), this draft specifies a method by which BGP speakers
can signal encapsulation information to each other. The signaling is
done by sending BGP updates using the Encapsulation Subsequent
Address Family Identifier (SAFI) and IPv4 or IPv6 Address Family
Identifier (AFI). In the cases where no encapsulation information
needs to be signaled (such as GRE without key), this draft specifies a
BGP extended community that can be attached to BGP UPDATE messages
that carry payload prefixes to indicate the encapsulation protocol
type to be used.
Eye-gaze tracking with free head motion (2009)

Knowledge of the eye-gaze position of a subject may allow machines to interact with humans in a more intuitive and natural fashion. The goal of this thesis is to develop a minimally restrictive eye-gaze tracking system using a single camera, that is 3D model based, uses multiple glint light sources and that can re-acquire the eye position rapidly after head movements. The implemented system estimates the gaze position on a computer screen of a subject, solely by tracking features in images of their face and eye. The system is capable of estimating the point of gaze independent of head position with an update rate of 15 Hz. The processing time required for a full sized image frame is 110 ms which reduces to 28 ms when the region of interest, used to reduce the size of image to be processed, is locked on the eye. A delay of 3 frames before reprocessing the full image was added to avoid losing lock due to eye blinks. After determining the region of interest has lost the eye due to translation, the system is able to reacquire the eye within 110 ms. A novel eye-glass reflection compensation algorithm allows people who wear corrective lenses to use the system. Insensitivity to ambient lighting conditions is achieved through infrared system lighting and optical filters. The system was tested with the eye located in six different positions resulting in average accuracies ranging from 0.54° to 1.1° of visual angle. The system was also tested on twelve different subjects of various ethnicities, gender and eye-glass use, with an average error 0.87° and an average maximum error of 1.85°. The system we have developed is a fully functional eye-gaze tracker which is based on a single camera, compensates for reflections off eye-glasses, and handles varying ambient lighting conditions. Our current system may be used as a testbed for further eye-gaze tracking improvements and as a platform for developing eye-gaze aware applications.
An iterative technique for the rectification of observed distributions (1974)

An iterative technique is described for generating estimates to the solutions of rectification and deconvolution problems in statistical astronomy. The technique, which derives from Bayes' theorem on conditional probabili- ties, conserves the constraints on frequency distributions (i.e., normalization and non-negativeness) and, at each iteration, increases the likelihood of the observed sample. The behavior of the technique is explored by applying it to roblems whose solutions are known in the limit of infinite sample size, and excellent results are obtained after a few iterations. The astronomical use of the technique is illustrated by applying it to the problem of rectifying distributions of v sin i for aspect effect; calculations are also reported illustrating the technique's possible use for correcting radio-astronomical observations for beam-smoothing. Application to the problem of obtaining unbiased, smoothed histograms is also suggested.
Machine Learning by Function Decomposition (1997)

We present a new machine learning method that, given a set of training examples, induces a definition of the target concept in terms of a hierarchy of intermediate concepts and their definitions. This effectively decomposes the problem into smaller, less complex problems. The method is inspired by the Boolean function decomposition approach to the design of digital circuits. To cope with high time complexity of finding an optimal decomposition, we propose a suboptimal heuristic algorithm. The method, implemented in program HINT (HIerarchy Induction Tool), is experimentally evaluated using a set of artificial and real-world learning problems. It is shown that the method performs well both in terms of classification accuracy and discovery of meaningful concept hierarchies. 1 INTRODUCTION To solve a complex problem, one of the most general approaches is to decompose it into smaller, less complex and more manageable subproblems. In machine learning, this principle is a ...
Blocking Effect of Anti-Dectin-1 Antibodies on the Anti-tumor Activity of 1,3-.BETA.-Glucan and the Binding of Dectin-1 to 1,3-.BETA.-Glucan (2007)

Schizophyllan (SPG) is used to treat cervical cancer in combination with irradiation to enhance the immunological surveillance system. Dectin-1 is a cell surface receptor for 1,3-beta-glucan. In this study, we prepared two anti-Dectin-1 monoclonal antibodies, 4B2 and SC30 having a K(D) of 7.04 x 10(-8) M and 1.55 x 10(-7) M, respectively, and evaluated the role of Dectin-1 in SPG-induced anti-tumor activity in mice. Expression of Dectin-1 on peritoneal macrophages and binding of SPG to the cells were decreased by administration of 4B2 and SC30. SPG-mediated anti-tumor activity was inhibited by 4B2 and SC30. 4B2 and SC30 inhibited the binding of SPG to splenocytes from mice. The binding of SPG-biotin to Dectin-1-transfected HEK293 cells was inhibited by 4B2, but not SC30. 4B2 and SC30 differ in their influence on Dectin-1 between primary cells and transduced cells, and Dectin-1 effects 1,3-beta-glucan-mediated anti-tumor activity in mice by binding to SPG.
VEGF Gene Delivery to Myocardium (2000)

In this model, unregulated continuous expression of VEGF is associated with (1) a high rate of failure to thrive/death and (2) formation of endothelial cell-derived intramural vascular tumors in the implantation site. These results underscore the importance of regulating VEGF expression for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Statistical and Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Phase I and II Clinical Trials of New Anticancer Agents (1993)

Journal Article Statistical and Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Phase I and II Clinical Trials of New Anticancer Agents Get access Mark J. Ratain, Mark J. Ratain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosemarie Mick, Rosemarie Mick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard L. Schilsky, Richard L. Schilsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Siegler Mark Siegler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 20, 20 October 1993, Pages 1637–1643, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1637 Published: 20 October 1993 Article history Received: 04 March 1993 Revision received: 26 June 1993 Accepted: 02 August 1993 Published: 20 October 1993
Substrate Specificities of the Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Catalytic Domains (1995)

To compare the substrate specificities of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor tyrosine kinases, the catalytic domains of the enzymes have been expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. The purified proteins have kinase activity, demonstrating that the catalytic domain of IGF-1 receptor, like that of insulin receptor, is active independent of its ligand-binding and transmembrane domains. The specificities of the two enzymes for the divalent cations Mg2+ and Mn2+ are indistinguishable. A series of peptides has been prepared that reproduces the major phosphorylation sites of insulin receptor substrate-1, a common substrate for the two receptor tyrosine kinases in vivo. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors show distinct preferences for these peptides; whereas insulin receptor prefers peptides based on Tyr-987 or Tyr-727 of insulin receptor substrate-1, the IGF-1 receptor preferentially recognizes the Tyr-895 site. The latter site, when phosphorylated, is a binding site for the SH2 domain-containing adapter protein Grb2. The ability of the two receptor tyrosine kinases to be phosphorylated and activated by v-Src has also been examined. The catalytic activity of IGF-1 receptor is stimulated approximately 3.4-fold by treatment with purified v-Src, while insulin receptor shows very little effect of Src phosphorylation under these conditions. This observation is relevant to recent findings of IGF-1 receptor activation in Src-transformed cells, and may represent one method by which Src amplifies its mitogenic signal. Collectively the data suggest that the catalytic domains of the two receptor kinases possess inherently different substrate specificities and signaling potentials.