gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aloesin Derivatives inAloe vera (2002)

Antioxidant components in Aloe vera were examined for lipid peroxidation using rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes. Among the aloesin derivatives examined, isorabaichromone showed a potent antioxidative activity. The DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities were determined. As one of the most potent components, isorabaichromone together with feruloylaloesin and p-coumaroylaloesin showed potent DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Electron spin resonance (ESR) using the spin trapping method suggested that the potent superoxide anion scavenging activity of isorabaichromone may have been due to its caffeoyl group. As A. vera has long been used to promote wound healing, the inhibitory effects of aloesin derivatives for cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 and thromboxane (Tx) A 2 synthase were examined and the participation of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl ester groups in the aloesin skeleton was demonstrated. These findings may explain, at least in part, the wound healing effects of A.vera. Abbreviations. ADP:adenosine diphosphate ASA:ascorbic acid BHT:butylated hydroxytoluene BSA:bovine serum albumin DMPO:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide DPPH:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl EDTA:edetic acid HEPES: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine- N-2'-ethane-sulfonic acid NADH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADPH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NBT:nitroblue tetrazolium Pg:prostaglandin SOD:superoxide dismutase TBA:thiobarbituric acid TCA:trichloroacetic acid XOD:xanthine oxidase
Nitric Oxide (2002)

Indirect evidence, including neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-neurotoxicity by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and resistance of transgenic animals deficient in NOS, is controversial. We have reviewed evidence in favor of oxidative stress during the development of MPTP-neurotoxicity and the influence of antioxidants, including nitric oxide (NO) and NO donors, on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Systemic administration of MPTP causes dose-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in vivo in the striatum in mice; OH scavengers protect dopaminergic neurons from this insult. On the other hand the role of NO in MPTP-neurotoxicity is controversial. Hitherto, no direct evidence for the involvement of NO in MPTP neurotoxicity has been available. MPTP does not affect inducible-NOS mRNA level or its expression in SN or the striatum. Nitroglycerine, a NO donor, can attenuate MPTP-induced dopamine depletion in the striatum by virtue of its OH scavenging action. Several other NO donors have also been shown to scavenge the OH generated, following Fenton chemistry in vitro, and to protect against in vivo dopaminergic neurotoxicity by small mass iron complex formation. This evidence suggests that NO renders protection against MPTP-induced OH-mediated nigrostriatal lesions, acting as an antioxidant.
Construction of the Pharmacophore Model of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 Inhibitors (2007)

Abstract A three dimensional pharmacophore model has been generated for glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) inhibitors. A dataset consisting of 89 compounds was selected on the basis of the information content of the structures and activity data as required by the CATALYST system. The optimum model with four features (one hydrogen‐bond acceptor unit, one ring aromatic unit, and two hydrophobic aromatic units) was selected with a good correlation coefficient (0.95). This model is able to predict the activity of other known GSK‐3 inhibitors not included in the model generation, and can be further used to identify structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity by virtual screening.
CD34+ Progenitor to Endothelial Cell Transition in Post-Pneumonectomy Angiogenesis (2011)

In many species, pneumonectomy triggers compensatory lung growth that results in an increase not only in lung volume, but also in alveolar number. Whether the associated alveolar angiogenesis involves the contribution of blood-borne progenitor cells is unknown. To identify and characterize blood-borne progenitor cells contributing to lung growth after pneumonectomy in mice, we studied wild-type and wild-type/green fluorescence protein (GFP) parabiotic mice after left pneumonectomy. Within 21 days of pneumonectomy, a 3.2-fold increase occurred in the number of lung endothelial cells. This increase in total endothelial cells was temporally associated with a 7.3-fold increase in the number of CD34(+) endothelial cells. Seventeen percent of the CD34(+) endothelial cells were actively proliferating, compared with only 4.2% of CD34(-) endothelial cells. Using wild-type/GFP parabiotic mice, we demonstrated that 73.4% of CD34(+) cells were derived from the peripheral blood. Furthermore, lectin perfusion studies demonstrated that CD34(+) cells derived from peripheral blood were almost uniformly incorporated into the lung vasculature. Finally, CD34(+) endothelial cells demonstrated a similar profile, but had enhanced transcriptional activity relative to CD34(-) endothelial cells. We conclude that blood-borne CD34(+) endothelial progenitor cells, characterized by active cell division and an amplified transcriptional signature, transition into resident endothelial cells during compensatory lung growth.
Arachidonic acid inhibits lipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through a prostanoid pathway (1998)

This report examines the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipogenic gene expression in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) suppressed mRNAs encoding fatty acid synthase (FAS) and S14, but had no effect on beta-actin. Using a clonal adipocyte cell line containing a stably integrated S14CAT fusion gene, oleic acid (18:1, n-9), arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) inhibited chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity with an ED50 of 800, 50, and 400 microM, respectively. Given the high potency of 20:4, n-6, its effect on adipocyte gene expression was characterized. Arachidonic acid suppressed basal CAT activity, but did not affect glucocorticoid-mediated induction of S14CAT expression. The effect of 20:4, n-6 on S14CAT expression was blocked by an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase implicating involvement of prostanoids. Prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2alpha at 10 microM) inhibited CAT activity through a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/Go-coupled signalling cascade. Our results suggest that 20:4, n-6 inhibits lipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through a prostanoid pathway. This mechanism of control differs from the polyunsaturated fatty acid-mediated suppression of hepatic lipogenic gene expression.
Structural Study of Nicotine Salts (1983)

Abstract The structures of three types of nicotine salts have been determined. These salts have acid to base ratios of either 1 : 1, 2 : 1, or 3 : 1. Salt formation between organic acids and nicotine is dependent upon the structure of the acids (aliphatic or aromatic) and their functionality. The 1 : 1 salts of nicotine have amino acids or benzoic-type acids bound to the N-methylpyrrolidine nitrogen of nicotine. The 2 : 1 salts are found to bind to one acid group as in the 1 : 1 salts and a second to the nitrogen of the pyridine ring. The 2 : 1 salts of nicotine are formed with formic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and/or nitroaromatic acids. Nicotine forms 3 : 1 salts with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids starting with acetic acid. Here one acid is bound as in the 1 : 1 salts while the other two acids dimerize and bind to the nitrogen of the pyridine group. Infra-red (IR), ultra-violet (UV), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PMR), and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (CMR) spectroscopy as well as field desorption - mass spectroscopy (FD-MS) were used in this investigation of the structure of nicotine salts.
Stabilization of Therapeutic Proteins by Chemical and Physical Methods (2005)

Proteins are complex molecules composed of numerous reactive chemical groups and delicate three-dimensional structures. The chemical (oxidation, deamidation, hydrolysis) and physical (unfolding, aggregation) changes of proteins during the formulation process and storage not only reduce biological activity, but they can cause adverse reactions, such as immune responses, even when the total protein population is at a low level (Table 1) (1–5). Developing new formulations that maintain the integrity of the purified protein during the manufacturing process, delivery, and 1–2 yr of storage is a minimum requisite for bringing protein pharmaceuticals to the market. Aqueous solutions that are ready for injection are often the most convenient and preferable dosage forms for therapeutic proteins, whereas many purified proteins are not stable enough in the solutions to meet the shelf-life requirements, even when they are stored at low temperatures.
An introduction to this issue's thematic focus on 'the Korean war and Japan' (1998)

An introduction to this issue's thematic focus on 'the Korean war and Japan' Get access Various Various Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Science Japan Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 1998, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/1.1.3 Published: 01 April 1998
Properties of mutacin b, an antibacterial substance produced by Streptococcus mutans strain BHT. (1986)

An antibacterial substance produced by strain BHT of Streptococcus mutans (mutacin b) was found to be a small molecule (MW 3,500-6,000) with remarkable resistance to temperature, alkali and various solvents. Enzyme sensitivity tests of partially purified preparations indicated that mutacin b is a peptide. It is sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes and its lethal effects on sensitive cells can be prevented by adding trypsin to cells exposed to mutacin b. High concentrations of mutacin b inhibited the growth of producer cells, indicating that strain BHT is only partially immune to this substance.
Yeast seryl‐tRNA synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli recognizes bacterial serine‐specific tRNAs in vivo (1993)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae serS gene which encodes seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) was expressed in Escherichia coli from the promoter and the ribosome binding sequences contained in its own 5'-flanking region. The low level of yeast SerRS in the prokaryotic host was sufficient to permit in vivo complementation of two temperature-sensitive E. coli serS mutants at the nonpermissive temperature. Thus, yeast SerRS can aminoacylate E. coli tRNA(Ser) species in vivo. Yeast SerRS, isolated from an overexpressing E. coli strain by a rapid two-step purification on FPLC, aminoacylated E. coli tRNA with serine much more poorly (relative kcat/Km = 2 x 10(-4)) than its homologous tRNAs. DL-Serine hydroxamate, an inhibitor of E. coli SerRS, inhibits yeast SerRS in vivo and in vitro with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.7 mM, a value 90-fold higher than that for E. coli SerRS.
Reconciling IHE-ATNA profile with a posteriori contextual access and usage control policy in healthcare environment (2010)

Traditional access control mechanisms prevent illegal access by controlling access right before executing an action; they belong to a class of a priori security solutions and, from this point of view, they have some limitations, like inflexibility in unanticipated circumstances. By contrast, a posteriori mechanisms enforce policies not by preventing unauthorized access, but rather by deterring it. Such access control needs evidence to prove violations. Evidence is derived from one or several log records, which trace each user's actions. Efficiency of violation detection mostly depends on the compliance of log records with the access control policy. In order to develop an efficient method for finding these violations, we propose restructuring log records according to a security policy model. We illustrate our methodology by applying it to the healthcare domain, taking care of the IHE (Integrating the healthcare enterprise) framework, particularly its basic security profile, ATNA (Audit Trail and Node Authentication). This profile defines log records established on the analysis of common health practice scenarios. We analyze and establish how ATNA log records can be refined in order to be integrated into an a posteriori access and usage control process, based on an expressive and contextual security policy like the OrBAC policy.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC SEVEN‐MEMBERED RING COMPOUNDS, XXVII. SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL REACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED 1,2‐DIMETHYL‐4‐PHENYL‐1‐BENZOTHIEPINIUM SALTS (1984)

Abstract Durch Alkylierung der Benzothiepine (I) mit Fluorsulfonsäuremethylester werden die Salze (II) dargestellt.
An optimized kit-free method for making strand-specific deep sequencing libraries from RNA fragments (2014)

Deep sequencing of strand-specific cDNA libraries is now a ubiquitous tool for identifying and quantifying RNAs in diverse sample types. The accuracy of conclusions drawn from these analyses depends on precise and quantitative conversion of the RNA sample into a DNA library suitable for sequencing. Here, we describe an optimized method of preparing strand-specific RNA deep sequencing libraries from small RNAs and variably sized RNA fragments obtained from ribonucleoprotein particle footprinting experiments or fragmentation of long RNAs. Our approach works across a wide range of input amounts (400 pg to 200 ng), is easy to follow and produces a library in 2-3 days at relatively low reagent cost, all while giving the user complete control over every step. Because all enzymatic reactions were optimized and driven to apparent completion, sequence diversity and species abundance in the input sample are well preserved.
A multiphase model for compressible flows with interfaces, shocks, detonation waves and cavitation (2001)

A compressible multiphase unconditionally hyperbolic model is proposed. It is able to deal with a wide range of applications: interfaces between compressible materials, shock waves in condensed multiphase mixtures, homogeneous two-phase flows (bubbly and droplet flows) and cavitation in liquids. Here we focus on the generalization of the formulation to an arbitrary number of fluids, and to mass and energy transfers, and extend the associated Godunov method. We first detail the specific problems involved in the computation of thermodynamic interface variables when dealing with compressible materials separated by well-defined interfaces. We then address one of the major problems in the modelling of detonation waves in condensed energetic materials and propose a way to suppress the mixture equation of state. We then consider another problem of practical importance related to high-pressure liquid injection and associated cavitating flow. This problem involves the dynamic creation of interfaces. We show that the multiphase model is able to solve these very different problems using a unique formulation. We then develop the Godunov method for this model. We show how the non-conservative terms must be discretized in order to fulfil the interface conditions. Numerical resolution of interface conditions and partial equilibrium multiphase mixtures also requires the introduction of infinite relaxation terms. We propose a way to solve them in the context of an arbitrary number of fluids. This is of particular importance for the development of multimaterial reactive hydrocodes. We finally extend the discretization method in the multidimensional case, and show some results and validations of the model and method.
Regulation of 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase activity in monocytic cells (2007)

The 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE (5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid) is a highly potent granulocyte chemoattractant that is synthesized from 5-HETE (5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) by 5-HEDH (5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase). In the present study, we found that 5-HEDH activity is induced in U937 monocytic cells by differentiation towards macrophages with PMA and in HL-60 myeloblastic cells by 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. We used PMA-differentiated U937 cells to investigate further the regulation of 5-HEDH. This enzyme exhibits approx. 10000-fold selectivity for NADP+ over NAD+ as a cofactor for the oxidation of 5-HETE, which is maximal at pH 10.2. In contrast, the reverse reaction (5-oxo-ETE-->5-HETE) is NADPH-dependent and is maximal at pH 6. Although the K(m) for the forward reaction (670 nM) is about twice that for the reverse reaction at neutral pH, the V(max) is approx 8-fold higher. The oxidation of 5-HETE to 5-oxo-ETE is supported by very low concentrations of NADP(+) (K(m) 139 nM), inhibited by NADPH (K(i) 224 nM) and is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism. The amount of 5-oxo-ETE synthesized by 5-HEDH depends on the ratio of NADP+ to NADPH. Exposure of U937 cells to oxidative stress (t-butyl hydroperoxide) increased the ratio of NADP+ to NADPH from approx. 0.08 in resting cells to approx. 3, and this was accompanied by a dramatic increase in 5-HETE oxidation to 5-oxo-ETE. We conclude that differentiation of monocytic cells towards macrophages results in enhanced 5-oxo-ETE synthesis and that the ability of cells to synthesize 5-oxo-ETE is tightly regulated by the ratio of intracellular NADP+ to NADPH.
Flagellin Fusion Proteins as Adjuvants or Vaccines Induce Specific Immune Responses (2004)

Vaccination is the most efficient prophylaxis against a variety of infectious diseases. New vaccination strategies rely on the incorporation of effective adjuvants, which stimulate the innate immune response and, in turn, activate the adaptive immune response. It is well established that flagellin induces inflammatory responses through the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In order to evaluate whether flagellin can serve as a carrier for the development of adjuvants or vaccines, we prepared a flagellin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion protein. Our results demonstrate that a flagellin-EGFP fusion protein is capable of stimulating APCs, resulting in the maturation of these cells and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, APCs pulsed with the flagellin-EGFP fusion protein effectively process and present EGFP antigens. More importantly, animals immunized with the flagellin-EGFP fusion protein developed specific anti-EGFP T-cell responses. In contrast, recombinant EGFP was not able to stimulate APCs, nor did it induce a T-cell response. Thus, recombinant-flagellin fusion proteins may be suitable carriers as adjuvants or vaccines for the development of new vaccination strategies to induce and boost immune responses against infectious diseases and cancer.
Fabrication of Spiropyran-Containing Thin Film Sensors Used for the Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Metal Ions (2011)

In this article, a methacrylate-based spiropyran-containing copolymer was used as a colorimetric sensor to identify multiple metal ions simultaneously. Through UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, the relative binding affinity of merocyanine to each metal ion was investigated by displacement studies of a bound metal ion with a second metal ion of a higher binding affinity. We also show that because each metal ion gives rise to a distinct spectral response, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can be used to analyze the UV-vis absorbance spectra to identify the two metal ions that are present in solution at varying concentrations simply by dipping a coated polymer substrate into solution after irradiation. Partial least-squares regression analysis (PLS) was used to determine the metal ions in solution for several binary mixtures quantitatively. We also demonstrate that the quantitative determination depends on the relative binding preference of merocyanine to each metal ion.
Cloning, in Vitro Expression, and Functional Characterization of a Novel Human CC Chemokine of the Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP) Family (MCP-4) That Binds and Signals through the CC Chemokine Receptor 2B (1997)

Here we describe the characterization of a novel human CC chemokine, tentatively named monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-4). This chemokine was detected by random sequencing of expressed sequence tags in cDNA libraries. The full-length cDNA revealed an open reading frame for a 98-amino acid residue protein, and a sequence alignment with known CC chemokines showed high levels of similarity (59-62%) with MCP-1, MCP-3, and eotaxin. MCP-4 cDNA was cloned into Drosophila S2 cells, and the mature protein (residues 24-98) was purified from the conditioned medium. Recombinant MCP-4 induced a potent chemotactic response (EC50 = 2.88 +/- 0.15 nM) and a transient rise in cytosolic calcium concentration in fresh human peripheral blood monocytes but not in neutrophils. Binding studies in monocytes showed that MCP-4 and MCP-3 were very potent in displacing high affinity binding of 125I-MCP-1 (IC50 for MCP-4, MCP-3, and unlabeled MCP-1 of 2.1 +/- 1.4, 0.85-1.6, and 0.7 +/- 0.2 nM respectively), suggesting that all three chemokines interact with the CC chemokine receptor-2 (MCP-1 receptor). This was confirmed in binding studies with Chinese hamster ovary cells, stably transfected with the CC chemokine 2B receptor. Northern blot analysis in extracts of normal human tissues showed expression of mRNA for MCP-4 in small intestine, thymus, and colon, but the level of protein expression was too low to be detected in Western blot analysis. However, expression of MCP-4 protein was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in human atherosclerotic lesion and found to be associated with endothelial cells and macrophages.
Hydroxylation of Monounsaturated Fatty Materials with Hydrogen Peroxide (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxylation of Monounsaturated Fatty Materials with Hydrogen PeroxideDaniel Swern, Geraldine N. Billen, Thomas W. Findley, and John T. ScanlanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1786–1789Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views980Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts