gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Norwalk Virus RNA Is Infectious in Mammalian Cells (2007)

Human noroviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses and are the leading cause of epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis in developed countries. The absence of an in vitro cell culture model for human norovirus infection has limited the development of effective antivirals and vaccines. Human histo-blood group antigens have been regarded as receptors for norovirus infection, and expression of the alpha(1,2) fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) responsible for the secretor phenotype is required for susceptibility to Norwalk virus (NV) infection. We report for the first time that transfection of NV RNA, isolated from stool samples from human volunteers, into human hepatoma Huh-7 cells leads to viral replication, with expression of viral antigens, RNA replication, and release of viral particles into the medium. Prior treatment of the RNA with proteinase K completely abolishes RNA infectivity, suggesting a key role of an RNA-protein complex. Although overexpression of the human FUT2 gene enhances virus binding to cells, it is not sufficient to allow a complete viral infection, and viral spread from NV-transfected cells to naïve cells does not occur. Finally, no differences in NV RNA replication are observed between Huh-7 and Huh-7.5.1 cells, which contain an inactivating mutation in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), suggesting that the RIG-I pathway does not play a role in limiting NV replication. Our results strongly suggest that the block(s) to NV replication in vitro is at the stage of receptor and/or coreceptor binding and/or uncoating, either because cells lack some specific factor or activation of cellular antiviral responses independent of RIG-I inhibits virus replication.
Insulin-like growth factor I increases glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in man (1989)

Recombinant IGF-I was infused seal at a dose of 20 micrograms-kg 1-h 1 to 2 healthy subjects during a total of 79 h. Serum levels of IGF-I rose from 93 and 177 to 502 and 616 micrograms/l, respectively. Fasting blood glucose remained normal. During the infusion glomerular filtration rate increased by 31%, in subject No. 1 and by 32% in subject No.2. Concomitantly, renal plasma flow increased by 26% and 22%, respectively. Proximal and distal tubular reabsorption of fluid and sodium as determined by lithium clearance was elevated to a similar extent. When determined again one week after the end of the IGF-I infusion, all parameters of renal function had returned to baseline. Sodium excretion, body weight and blood pressure did not change. We conclude that IGF-I infused at pharmacological doses has marked effects on kidney function. Future studies will necessary to define the clinical potential of recombinant IGF-I in the treatment of diseases characterized by impaired renal perfusion and filtration.
Myocardial and interstitial matrix metalloproteinase activity after acute myocardial infarction in pigs (2001)

A structural event during the evolution of a myocardial infarction (MI) is left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The mechanisms that contribute to early changes in LV myocardial remodeling in the post-MI period remain poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling in several disease states. Whether and to what degree MMP activation occurs within the myocardial interstitium after acute MI remains to be determined. Adult pigs (n = 15) were instrumented to measure regional myocardial function and interstitial MMP levels within regions served by the circumflex and left anterior descending arteries. Regional function was measured by sonomicrometry, and interstitial MMP levels were determined by selective microdialysis and zymography as well as by MMP interstitial fluorogenic activity. Measurements were performed at baseline and sequentially for up to 3 h after ligation of the obtuse marginals of the circumflex artery. Regional fractional shortening fell by over 50% in the MI region but remained unchanged in the remote region after coronary occlusion. Release of soluble MMPs, as revealed by zymographic activity of myocardial interstitial samples, increased by 2 h post-MI. The increased zymographic activity after MI was consistent with MMP-9. Myocardial interstitial MMP fluorogenic activity became detectable within the ischemic region as early as 10 min after coronary occlusion and significantly increased after 1 h post-MI. MMP fluorogenic activity remained unchanged from baseline values in the remote region. The present study demonstrated that myocardial MMP activation can occur within the MI region in the absence of reperfusion. These unique results suggest that MMP release and activation occurs within the ischemic myocardial interstitium in the early post-MI period.
Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections (2014)

Ebola causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans with no licensed countermeasures. Its virulence can be attributed to several immunoevasion mechanisms: an early inhibition of innate immunity started by the downregulation of type I interferon, epitope masking and subversion of the adaptive humoural immunity by secreting a truncated form of the viral glycoprotein. Deficiencies in specific and non-specific antiviral responses result in unrestricted viral replication and dissemination in the host, causing death typically within 10 days after the appearance of symptoms. This review summarizes the host immune response to Ebola infection, and highlights the short- and long-term immune responses crucial for protection, which holds implications for the design of future vaccines and therapeutics.
Sternal Osteomyelitis:. Use of Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device as an Adjunct to Definitive Closure with Sternectomy and Muscle Flap Reconstruction (2004)

Sternal osteomyelitis following cardiac surgery often requires debridement and flap coverage. The VAC (vacuum-assisted closure) device has been useful in complex wound coverage. A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience with sternal reconstruction using the VAC device as an adjunct to debridement and muscle flap reconstruction was performed.Thirteen consecutive patients over a 34-month period underwent debridement and reconstruction of sternal wounds. Eleven patients (85%) were males, and two (15%) were females. Mean age was 61 years (range: 43-73 years). Acute purulent sternal infections occurred in seven patients, while chronic sternal osteomyelitis was seen in six patients. Use of the VAC device during the perioperative period was evaluated.Of the 13 patients, the VAC device was used prior to flap closure in six patients, and after flap closure in two patients. Sternal debridement with bilateral pectoralis muscle flaps was used to reconstruct 12 patients, and one patient underwent debridement only with VAC placement. All 13 patients (100%) had complete closure of their complex wounds at an average of follow-up of 14 months.The VAC device is useful in the treatment of sternal osteomyelitis in three contexts: (1) as a temporary wound care technique preoperatively that minimizes dressing changes and prevents shear stresses of an open sternum, (2) as the sole method of wound closure in specific cases, and (3) as a technique to facilitate healing in postoperative flap reconstruction cases complicated by reinfection.
Crystal Structure of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in an Active Conformation with Normal Thermodynamic Stability (2011)

The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a crucial regulator in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling. PAI-1 has been associated with several pathological conditions and is a validated prognostic marker in human cancers. However, structural information about the native inhibitory form of PAI-1 has been elusive because of its inherent conformational instability and rapid conversion to a latent, inactive structure. Here we report the crystal structure of PAI-1 W175F at 2.3 Å resolution as the first model of the metastable native molecule. Structural comparison with a quadruple mutant (14-1B) previously used as representative of the active state uncovered key differences. The most striking differences occur near the region that houses three of the four mutations in the 14-1B PAI-1 structure. Prominent changes are localized within a loop connecting β-strand 3A with the F helix, in which a previously observed 3(10)-helix is absent in the new structure. Notably these structural changes are found near the binding site for the cofactor vitronectin. Because vitronectin is the only known physiological regulator of PAI-1 that slows down the latency conversion, the structure of this region is important. Furthermore, the previously identified chloride-binding site close to the F-helix is absent from the present structure and likely to be artifactual, because of its dependence on the 14-1B mutations. Instead we found a different chlorine-binding site that is likely to be present in wild type PAI-1 and that more satisfactorily accounts for the chlorine stabilizing effect on PAI-1.
The Search for Therapeutic Solutions to Maternal Incarceration (2014)

Abstract Approximately 65,000 mothers are incarcerated in America’s prisons. Incarcerated mothers have as many as 147,000 children—a number that has more than doubled since 1991. The justice system sometimes overlooks the problems faced by children who have incarcerated mothers, including physical, sociological, psychological, and behavioral problems. Some prisons have adopted measures to address issues faced by incarcerated mothers and their children, including prison nurseries, Girl Scout programs, and extended visitation. Such programs are intended to protect mother-child relationships and promote wellbeing, but they can also expose children to harmful environments. The goal of this chapter is to provide an in-depth examination of issues related to maternal incarceration and analyze current programming and procedures using the principles of therapeutic jurisprudence. Research is needed to determine whether programs ultimately have positive outcomes for child wellbeing. Policy recommendations are offered that will promote therapeutic solutions that will benefit mothers, children, and society.
A Three-dimensional Numerical Model of Storm Surge (1993)

To avoid unrealistic assumptions related to the widely used 2-D depth-averaged models on bottom stress and eddy viscosity coefficient, a 3-D model based upon Johns' depth-dependent turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (K-equation) is presented. The turbulent energy equation is introduced and the eddy viscosity coefficient is related to turbulent energy. Using this model, the elevation as well as the structure of storm current can be calculated. Governing equations are solved by implicit finite-difference scheme, using stagger mesh with elevation, current velocities, and turbulent variables calculated at different grid points. The model has been tested by application to a few typhoon cases in the East China Sea.
Fibronectin and wound healing (1984)

I have tried to briefly review the evidence (summarized in Table II) indicating that fibronectin is important in cutaneous wound healing. Fibronectin appears to be an important factor throughout this process. It promotes the spreading of platelets at the site of injury, the adhesion and migration of neutrophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells into the wound region, and the migration of epidermal cells through the granulation tissue. At the level of matrix synthesis, fibronectin appears to be involved both in the organization of the granulation tissue and basement membrane. In terms of tissue remodeling, fibronectin functions as a nonimmune opsonin for phagocytosis of debris by fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and under some circumstances, macrophages. Fibronectin also enhances the phagocytosis of immune-opsonized particles by monocytes, but whether this includes phagocytosis of bacteria remains to be determined. In general, phagocytosis of bacteria has not appeared to involve fibronectin. On the contrary, the presence of fibronectin in the wound bed may promote bacterial attachment and infection. Because of the ease of experimental manipulations, wound healing experiments have been carried out on skin more frequently than other tissues. As a result, the possible role of fibronectin has not been investigated thoroughly in the repair of internal organs and tissues. Nevertheless, it seems reasonable to speculate that fibronectin plays a central role in all wound healing situations. Finally, the wound healing problems of patients with severe factor XIII deficiencies may occur because of their inability to incorporate fibronectin into blood clots.
Primary sequence and molecular model of the variable region of a mouse monoclonal anti‐Der p 1 antibody showing a similar epitope specificity as human IgE (1998)

Antibodies similar to MoAb 2C7 could be generated as part of the human repertoire. The availability of 3-dimensional model of MoAb 2C7, as a surrogate human IgE antibody, combined with further data on its epitope specificity, will facilitate studies into IgE antibody responses to Der p 1.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Impedance Plethysmography for Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis (1985)

Impedance plethysmography is an accurate noninvasive method to test for proximal vein thrombosis, but it is insensitive to calf-vein thrombi. We randomly assigned patients on referral with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis and normal impedance plethysmographic findings to either serial impedance plethysmography alone or combined impedance plethysmography and leg scanning (which has been shown to be essentially as sensitive as venography) and compared the long-term outcomes. During the initial surveillance, deep-vein thrombosis was detected in 6 of 311 patients (1.9%) tested by serial impedance plethysmography alone and in 30 of 323 patients (9.3%) (most with calf-vein thrombi) tested by the combined approach (p less than 0.001). During long-term follow-up, no patient died from pulmonary embolism; but 6 patients (1.9%; 95% confidence limits, 0.7% to 4.2%) tested by serial impedance plethysmography developed deep-vein thrombosis compared with 7 patients (2.2%; 95% confidence limits, 0.9% to 4.4%) tested by the combined approach. Serial impedance plethysmography used alone is an effective strategy to evaluate such symptomatic patients.
A Novel Synthetic Strategy toward Soluble, Well-Defined Ruthenium(II) Coordination Polymers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Novel Synthetic Strategy toward Soluble, Well-Defined Ruthenium(II) Coordination PolymersRalf Knapp, Andreas Schott, and Matthias RehahnView Author Information Polymer Institute, Karlsruhe University, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1, 478–480Publication Date (Web):January 1, 1996Publication History Received21 December 1994Revised4 October 1995Published online1 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma946520uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma946520urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views899Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Coordination polymers,Ligands,Monomers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
E-Box Sites and a Proximal Regulatory Region of the Muscle Creatine Kinase Gene Differentially Regulate Expression in Diverse Skeletal Muscles and Cardiac Muscle of Transgenic Mice (1996)

Previous analysis of the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene indicated that control elements required for transcription in adult mouse muscle differed from those required in cell culture, suggesting that distinct modes of muscle gene regulation occur in vivo. To examine this further, we measured the activity of MCK transgenes containing E-box and promoter deletions in a variety of striated muscles. Simultaneous mutation of three E boxes in the 1,256-bp MCK 5' region, which abolished transcription in muscle cultures, had strikingly different effects in mice. The mutations abolished transgene expression in cardiac and tongue muscle and caused a reduction in expression in the soleus muscle (a muscle with many slow fibers) but did not affect expression in predominantly fast muscles: quadriceps, abdominals, and extensor digitorum longus. Other regulatory sequences with muscle-type-specific activities were found within the 358-bp 5'-flanking region. This proximal region conferred relatively strong expression in limb and abdominal skeletal muscles but was inactive in cardiac and tongue muscles. However, when the 206-bp 5' enhancer was ligated to the 358-bp region, high levels of tissue-specific expression were restored in all muscle types. These results indicate that E boxes and a proximal regulatory region are differentially required for maximal MCK transgene expression in different striated muscles. The overall results also imply that within skeletal muscles, the steady-state expression of the MCK gene and possibly other muscle genes depends on transcriptional mechanisms that differ between fast and slow fibers as well as between the anatomical and physiological attributes of each specific muscle.
Competitiveness Calculation of Educational Services in Chinese City Zhenjiang (2017)

The article proposes a methodology for assessing the competitive position of the university in the market of educational services, based on the development and application of the model of mutual influence of the factors of the university's competitiveness. An algorithm for assessing competitiveness is presented. The indicators of the activity of the higher educational institution that have the greatest impact on the competitive position of the university are highlighted according to the Pareto principle. A cognitive map of the situation that determines the mutual influence of the factors is constructed. A simulation model based on the integration of the principles of system dynamics and cognitive modeling, which allows the balancing of values of key parameters, is developed. The values of the model variables during the experiments can be changed, while determining the sensitivity of the vector of output parameters. Using a method based on specifying control points, a scale of characteristics for each factor has been developed. The results of modeling on the basis of real data are presented.
Prefrontal dysfunction in depressed patients performing a complex planning task: a study using positron emission tomography (1997)

These findings provide evidence for cingulate, prefrontal and striatal dysfunction associated with impaired task performance in depression. The present results are consistent with a central role of cingulate dysfunction in depression as well as suggesting impaired frontostriatal function.
<title>Architecture of a flexible real-time video encoder/decoder: the DECchip 21230</title> (1997)

Compression of video data is a highly compute-intensive activity consisting of both regular vector-style computations and general algorithmic computations. Furthermore, the conventional compression algorithms allow the encoder some degrees of freedom in the encode process, where picture quality and degree of compression can be traded off for amount of computation. These characteristics have led to a variety of approaches to video encoding. At one extreme, real-time compression can be achieved through the use of high performance vector and general purpose co- processors to generate high compression ratios and high quality. At the other end of the spectrum, compression can be performed in real-time quite easily by doing minimal analysis of the picture to enhance quality or improve compression. The DECchip 21230 strikes a compromise between these two extremes by supporting the regular vector-style computations on an inexpensive co-processor chip, but does most of the general algorithmic computation on the host CPU. This partitioning leads to a number of scheduling and buffering challenges that are addressed by a novel decomposition of the encoding process.
Modeling of CMOS digital-to-analog converters for telecommunication (1999)

This paper gives an overview of some of the effects caused by circuit mismatch and parasitics in binary weighted digital-to-analog converters (DACs), and, as a special case, a current-steering CMOS converter. Matlab is used as a behavior-level simulator. In telecommunications applications, the frequency-domain parameters are of the greatest importance. Therefore, the characterization of the device and its performance is determined by frequency parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio, spurious-free dynamic range, multitone power ratio, etc. In this paper, we show how these frequency-domain parameters are affected when mismatch errors and finite output impedance are applied to a current-steering CMOS DAC. We discuss how static performance is affected when changing the size of the errors and fundamental circuit parameters. The impact of dynamic errors such as glitches, slewing, and bit skew is discussed. Measurement results from 14-bit DACs are also shown to illustrate the correlation with the modeling.