gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bax promotes neuronal survival and antagonises the survival effects of neurotrophic factors (1996)

Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Bax are members fo a family of cytoplasmic proteins that influence cell survival. Whereas increased expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x promotes cell survival following withdrawal of survival factors, increased expression of Bax is thought to suppress survival. To investigate the potential roles of these proteins in regulating the survival of developing neurons, we compared the effects of overexpressing these proteins in embryonic neurons deprived of different neurotrophic factors in vitro. Surprisingly, overexpression of Bax rescued populations of sensory neurons deprived of nerve growth factor, as did overexpression of Bcl-2 and two Bcl-x variants, Bcl-XL and Bcl-Xbeta. Bax also enhanced the survival of ciliary neurons deprived of ciliary neurotrophic factor, although this effect was short-lived. Whereas Bcl-2 overexpression did not affect the survival response of neurons to neurotrophic factors, Bax overexpression partially inhibited the action of neurotrophic factors. Co-injection of Bcl-2 and Bax expression vectors promoted the survival of neurotrophic factor-deprived neurons if either was in excess, but failed to rescue neurons if they injected at a 1:1 ratio. Our findings demonstrate that Bax can promote the survival of neurotrophic factor-deprived neurons and that its effect on survival is dominant to that of neurotrophic factors. Our results also argue that the relative amounts of Bcl-2 and Bax are critical in regulating neuronal survival.
Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers (1996)

The human vitamin K requirement is not known precisely, but the minimal requirement is often assumed to be between 0.5 and 1 x 10(-6) g/kg body weight. In the present study we addressed the question to what extent circulating vitamin K concentrations are influenced by the form in which the vitamer is consumed. The experimental group consisted of five healthy volunteers who received phylloquinone after an overnight fast. On the first day of three successive weeks the participants consumed 1 mg (2.2 mumol) phylloquinone, either in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation (Konakion), or in the form of spinach + butter, or as spinach without added fat. Circulating phylloquinone levels after spinach with and without butter were substantially lower (7.5- and 24.3-fold respectively) than those after taking the pharmaceutical concentrate. Moreover, the absorption of phylloquinone from the vegetables was 1.5 times slower than from Konakion. In a second experiment in the same five volunteers it was shown that relatively high amounts of menaquinone-4 enter the circulation after the consumption of butter enriched with this vitamer. It is concluded that the bioavailability of membrane-bound phylloquinone is extremely poor and may depend on other food components, notably fat. The bioavailability of dietary vitamin K (phylloquinone + menaquinones) is lower than generally assumed, and depends on the form in which the vitamin is ingested. These new insights may lead to a revision of the recommended daily intake for vitamin K.
Positive Electrode Materials for Li-Ion and Li-Batteries (2010)

Positive electrodes for Li-ion and lithium batteries (also termed "cathodes") have been under intense scrutiny since the advent of the Li-ion cell in 1991. This is especially true in the past decade. Early on, carbonaceous materials dominated the negative electrode and hence most of the possible improvements in the cell were anticipated at the positive terminal; on the other hand, major developments in negative electrode materials made in the last portion of the decade with the introduction of nanocomposite Sn/C/Co alloys and Si-C composites have demanded higher capacity positive electrodes to match. Much of this was driven by the consumer market for small portable electronic devices. More recently, there has been a growing interest in developing Li-sulfur and Li-air batteries that have the potential for vastly increased capacity and energy density, which is needed to power large-scale systems. These require even more complex assemblies at the positive electrode in order to achieve good properties. This review provides an overview of the major developments in the area of positive electrode materials in both Li-ion and Li batteries in the past decade, and particularly in the past few years. Highlighted are concepts in solid-state chemistry and nanostructured materials that conceptually have provided new opportunities for materials scientists for tailored design that can be extended to many different electrode materials.
Indexing images in Oracle8i (2000)

Content-based retrieval of images is the ability to retrieve images that are similar to a query image. Oracle8i Visual Information Retrieval provides this facility based on technology licensed from Virage, Inc. This product is built on top of Oracle8i interMedia which enables storage, retrieval and management of images, audios and videos. Images are matched using attributes such as color, texture and structure and efficient content-based retrieval is provided using indexes of an image index type. The design of the index type is based on a multi-level filtering algorithm. The filters reduce the search space so that the expensive comparison algorithm operates on a small subset of the data. Bitmap indexes are used to evaluate the first filter resulting in a design which performs well and is scalable. The image index type is built using Oracle8i extensible indexing technology, allowing users to create, use, and drop instances of this index type as they would any other standard index. In this paper we present an overview of the product, the design of the image index type, and some performance results of our product.
Percutaneous Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias After Failure of Endocardial Approach: A 9‐Year Experience (2009)

Percutaneous epicardial puncture is feasible and relatively safe in patients with recurrent VT in whom conventional endocardial RF ablation failed. Epicardial RF ablation offers a high success rate in these challenging patients with only few severe complications.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of airways in humans with use of hyperpolarized 3He (1996)

The nuclear spin polarization of noble gases can be enhanced strongly by laser optical pumping followed by electron-nuclear polarization transfer. Direct optical pumping of metastable 3He atoms has been shown to produce enormous polarization on the order of 0.4-0.6. This is about 10(5) times larger than the polarization of water protons at thermal equilibrium used in conventional MRI. We demonstrate that hyperpolarized 3He gas can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of organs with air-filled spaces in humans. In vivo 3He MR experiments were performed in a whole-body MR scanner with a superconducting magnet ramped down to 0.8 T. Anatomical details of the upper respiratory tract and of the lungs of a volunteer were visualized with the FLASH technique demonstrating the potential of the method for fast imaging of airways in the human body and for pulmonary ventilation studies.
Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable of Long-Term Multilineage Engraftment (2011)

Lifelong blood cell production is dependent on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to perpetually replenish mature cells via a series of lineage-restricted intermediates. Investigating the molecular state of HSCs is contingent on the ability to purify HSCs away from transiently engrafting cells. We demonstrated that human HSCs remain infrequent, using current purification strategies based on Thy1 (CD90) expression. By tracking the expression of several adhesion molecules in HSC-enriched subsets, we revealed CD49f as a specific HSC marker. Single CD49f(+) cells were highly efficient in generating long-term multilineage grafts, and the loss of CD49f expression identified transiently engrafting multipotent progenitors (MPPs). The demarcation of human HSCs and MPPs will enable the investigation of the molecular determinants of HSCs, with a goal of developing stem cell-based therapeutics.
Phase I Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Recombinant Human Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients With Advanced Cancer (2001)

rhuMAb VEGF was safely administered without dose-limiting toxicity at doses ranging up to 10 mg/kg. Multiple doses of rhuMAb VEGF were well tolerated, and pharmacokinetic studies indicate that doses of > or = 0.3 mg/kg have a half-life similar to that of other humanized antibodies. Subsequent trials will explore rhuMAb VEGF alone and in combination chemotherapy.
Cdc34 and the F-box protein Met30 are required for degradation of the Cdk-inhibitory kinase Swe1 (1998)

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis controls the abundance of many cell cycle regulatory proteins. Recent work in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that a complex consisting of Cdc53, Skp1, and a third component known as an F-box protein (termed SCF) in combination with Cdc34 specifically targets regulatory proteins for degradation, and that substrate specificity is likely to be mediated by the F-box subunit. A screen for genetic interactions with a cdc34 mutation yielded MET30, which encodes an F-box protein. MET30 is an essential gene required for cell cycle progression and met30 mutations interact genetically with mutations in SCF components. Furthermore, physical interactions between Met30, Cdc53, Cdc34, and Skp1 in vivo provide evidence for an SCFMet30 complex. We demonstrate the involvement of Met30 in the degradation of the Cdk-inhibitory kinase Swe1. Swe1 is stabilized in met30 mutants and GST-Met30 pull-down experiments reveal that Met30 specifically binds Swe1 in vivo. Furthermore, extracts prepared from cdc34 or met30 mutants are defective in polyubiquitination of Swe1. Taken together, these data suggest that SCF-mediated proteolysis may contribute to the regulation of entry into mitosis. Our data, in combination with previously published results, also provide evidence for distinct SCF complexes in vivo and support the idea that their F-box subunits mediate SCF substrate specificity.
Gene therapy of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

Gene therapy represents an attractive approach to treat a great variety of diseases, both inherited and acquired, and it is moving slowly from a proof-of-principle phase to a wide application in most medical fields. Liver cancer and viral hepatitis are natural targets for this new therapeutic alternative due to the lack of success of conventional antitumoral and antiviral treatments and the ominous prognosis related with liver tumours. Gene therapy for viral hepatitis is aimed to boost the patient immune response against viral antigens or to make cells resistant to infection by blocking the viral life cycle. Gene transfer techniques applied to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma include drug sensitization by suicide genes, genetic immunotherapy, normal tissue protection by transfer of the multidrug resistance gene, replacement of tumour suppressor genes, inhibition of oncogenes and modifications of the biology of the tumour (antiangiogenesis). However, major advances in our understanding of the regulation of gene expression, design of the expression cassettes and development of more efficient gene transfer vectors are mandatory before gene therapy can become a widely used therapeutic modality.
RGS expression in cancer: oncomining the cancer microarray data (2013)

Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate myriads of cell functions including control of cancer cell proliferation and migration. The family of the Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins, in turn, controls the activity of G proteins through the acceleration of GTPase activity of the alpha subunits of G proteins. Increasing evidence suggest that the expression of certain RGS proteins is changed dramatically in various cancers, and in some instances, the control of cancer cell proliferation or migration by RGS proteins has been demonstrated. We assessed if common trends might exist in the expression of various RGS proteins in several types of cancer by examining microarray data using the Oncomine database. We focused on the largest R4 sub-family of RGS proteins, containing RGS1, RGS2, RGS3, RGS4, RGS5, RGS8, RGS13, RGS16 and RGS18. This analysis suggests that a number (up to 6) of RGS transcripts are exclusively downregulated in certain cancers, while being exclusively upregulated in other cancer types. Furthermore, significant changes in the expression of certain RGS proteins trended toward the same direction across various cancers. To illustrate, RGS1 is largely upregulated, whereas RGS2 is downregulated in the majority of solid tumors, whereas RGS5 transcripts are greatly increased in eight subtypes of lymphoma with no reports of downregulation in hematological malignancies. Together, these data suggest that (i) RGS proteins may have a combined and cell-specific role in a control of cancer cell function, and (ii) a given RGS protein may regulate the progression of various cancers through a common mechanism.
MiRNA 26a expression in a novel panel of African American prostate cancer cell lines. (2010)

To date, we are unaware of any studies that compare the miRNA profile at different stages of prostate cancer among two racial groups. Although a gene target for miR-26a has not been identified, our data show a possible role for miRNA regulation of gene expression in prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, this study suggests that miRNAs could possibly contribute to the aggressiveness associated in African American patients with prostate cancer.
Cocyclotrimerization of Aryl Acetylenes: Substituent Effects on Reaction Rate (1987)

Cyclotrimerization of polyfunctional aryl acetylenes offers a unique route to a class of highly aromatic polymers of potential value to the micro-electronics industry. These polymers have high thermal stability and improved melt planarization as well as decreased water absorption and dielectric constant, relative to polyimides. Copolymerization of two or more monomers is often necessary to achieve the proper combination of polymer properties. Use of this type of condensation polymerization reaction with monomers of different reactivity can lead to a heterogeneous polymer. Accordingly, the relative rates of cyclotrimerization of six para-substituted aryl acetylenes were determined. These relative rates were found to closely follow both the Hammett values and the spectroscopic constants ΔδH and ΔδCβ for the para substituents. With this information, production of such heterogeneous materials can be either avoided or controlled.
Tenting: cost‐effective fabrication of high‐density PWBs for the year 2000 and beyond (1998)

The objective of this paper is to highlight the advantages of tenting as a process worthy of meeting the current and future challenges of the PWB industry. A further refinement of the tenting process will also be described, which enables “mini‐land” tenting to be accomplished, and also makes the standard tenting process less sensitive to misregistration.
The International College of Neuro-Psychopharmacology (CINP) treatment guidelines for Bipolar disorder in adults (CINP-BD-2017), part 3: The clinical guidelines. (2016)

The current International College of Neuro-Psychopharmacology clinical guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder are the most up-to-date guidance and are as evidence based as possible. They also include recommendations concerning the use of psychotherapeutic interventions, again on the basis of available evidence. This adherence of the workgroup to the evidence in a clinically oriented way helped to clarify the role of specific antidepressants and traditional agents like lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine. The additional focus on specific clinical characteristics, including predominant polarity, mixed features, and rapid cycling, is also a novel approach. Many issues need further studies, data are sparse and insufficient, and many questions remain unanswered. The most important and still unmet need is to merge all the guidelines that concern different phases of the illness into a single one and in this way consider BD as a single unified disorder, which is the real world fact. However, to date the research data do not permit such a unified approach.
The kinetics of continuous reaction processes: Application to polymerization (1951)

Abstract The paper discusses the general principles of the kinetics of reactions as carried out in the two main types of continuous process. Comparison is made with the corresponding batch system with regard to the necessary volume of reaction space. It is shown that a correct choice of the type of process can sometimes be used to increase the yield of a reaction. The application of these principles to polymerization is described in outline.
Antitumor activity against human tumor samples of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and analogues at equivalent in vitro myelotoxic concentrations. (1988)

We compared the antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin; CDDP) with three CDDP analogues: cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylateplatinum(II) (CBDCA), N-methyliminodiacetato-1,2-diamino(cyclohexane)platinum(II) (MIDP), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-iminodiacetato-1,2-diamino(cyclohexane)platinum (II) (HIDP). Fresh human tumor samples in the adhesive tumor culture system were utilized for this comparison. The equitoxic concentrations of all four drugs were derived based on their inhibitory activity against human bone marrow samples. For these normalized concentrations, CDDP proved to have a higher cytotoxic activity than its analogues. CBDCA's in vitro activity had a significant correlation with CDDP activity (r = 0.67) in vitro. However, the structurally similar substances MIDP and HIDP demonstrated a much greater degree of association (r = 0.90). Our data suggest that CBDCA, HIDP, and MIDP have overall less activity than CDDP when tested at equitoxic in vitro concentrations. Close association between CDDP and CBDCA also reflects known clinical experience with these two drugs, suggesting the method of comparison used here is probably appropriate. These conclusions, however, must be validated by clinical trials.
Inorganic Phosphors: Compositions, Preparation and Optical Properties (2004)

Inorganic Phosphors: Compositions, Preparation and Optical Properties addresses practical and theoretical aspects of inorganic phosphors used in lighting and display applications. Authors Yen and Weber present the synthesis of phosphors in a ...cookbook... style that features nearly 300 ...recipes... using the most up-to-date guidelines and methods. They also categorize nearly 500 phosphors in terms of chemical composition and luminescence output wavelengths, summarizing their physical and emissive optical properties. This book is the first of its kind to provide a combined practical and technical foundation that can be used in commercial and academic research and development of new phosphors and applications.
Identification of Protein-Protein Interfaces Implicated in CD80-CD28 Costimulatory Signaling (2004)

The B7 ligands CD80 and CD86 on APCs deliver either costimulatory or inhibitory signals to the T cell when interacting with their counter-receptors CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4) on the T cell surface. Although crucial for lymphocyte regulation, the structural basis of these interactions is still not completely understood. Using multivalent presentation and conditions mimicking clustering, believed to be essential for signaling through these receptors, and by applying a combined differential mass spectrometry and structural mapping approach to these conditions, we were able to identify a putative contact area involving hydrophilic regions on both CD28 and CD80 as well as a putative CD28 oligomerization interface induced by B7 ligation. Analysis of the CD80-CD28 interaction site reveals a well-defined interface structurally distinct from that of CD80 and CD152 and thus provides valuable information for therapeutic intervention targeted at this pathway, suggesting a general approach for other receptors.
An immunohistochemical study of Warthin‐Finkeldey cells in measles (1994)

An autopsy case of an 18 month old male infant with measles infection is reported. An autopsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hyperplastic thymus. Histologically, there were many Warthin-Finkeldey cells (WFC) in hyperplastic lymphoid tissues. Although viral particles and inclusions were not detected electronmicroscopically, the infection of measles virus was detected in WFC by immunofluorescent technique using anti-measles antibody. Warthin-Finkeldey cells were morphologically and immunohistochemically divided into two groups. The first type was WFC appearing in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue, revealing many large nuclei and B cell markers. The second type was WFC appearing in the interfollicular areas and thymus, showing many small hyperchromatic nuclei and T cell markers. The data indicate that there might be a morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity in WFC.
Electric Dichroism Studies of Macromolecules in Solutions. II. Measurements of Linear Dichroism and Birefringence of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Orienting Electric Fields (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectric Dichroism Studies of Macromolecules in Solutions. II. Measurements of Linear Dichroism and Birefringence of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Orienting Electric FieldsKiwamu Yamaoka and Elliot CharneyCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 1, 66–76Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60031a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60031a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain-enhanced delivery of testosterone using a chemical delivery system complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. (1988)

Enhanced brain delivery of testosterone was suggested by application of a dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt redox system. The drug delivery method is based upon the NAD+ in equilibrium NADH coenzyme system and utilizes the covalent attachment of testosterone to a dihydropyridine-type carrier. Upon administration of two such testosterone chemical delivery systems (T-CDS1 or T-CDS2), serum LH levels were suppressed by 71-87% after 24 hours and maintained through 5 days (28%) with T-CDS1. An equimolar dose of testosterone or testosterone propionate failed to suppress serum LH. Peripheral testosterone target tissues (seminal vesicles and prostate gland) were only slightly stimulated by T-CDS1. Complexation of T-CDS1 with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin allowed a lowering of the effective LH-suppressing dose of T-CDS1 from 25 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, presumably by increasing the solubility of T-CDS1 in the blood. These findings suggest that testosterone can be effectively delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) with minimal peripheral effect, and the delivery of T-CDS1 to the CNS can be improved via complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.