gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of chondroitin sulfate E glycosaminoglycan onto p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside and its localization to the secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. (1983)

Cultures of rat serosal mast cells and of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells of more than 97% purity, which normally synthesize a heparin proteoglycan and a chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, respectively, were assessed for the species of 36S-glycosaminoglycan polymerized onto p-nitrophenyl-8-D-xyloside.The ["S] sulfate-labeled macromolecules were extracted, purified, and resolved into a proteoglycan-enriched fraction and a 8-D-xyloside-linked glycosaminoglycan-enriched fraction.Chondroitinase ABC digestion of these xyloside-linked chondroitin sulfate chains from both cultures followed by ascending thin layer chromatography, descending paper chromatography, and high voltage electrophoresis revealed two equal molar disaccharides possessing the mobility of 2-acetamide-2-deoxy- 3-O-(~-~-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-~-~-gluco-4enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-6-di-O-sulfo-~-galactose.Autoradiographic analysis of rat serosal mast cell cultures exposed to [3H]xyloside indicated that the majority of isolated mast cells incorporated the radiolabeled precursor.That both the 8-D-xyloside-linked chondroitin sulfate E and the chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells were localized to the secretory granules was indicated by their equal exocytosis from these cells when activated by calcium ionophore A23187.X-ray energy-dispersive analysis of normal and chronically fl-D-xyloside-treated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells detected measurable quantities of sulfur only in the secretory granules.Thus, both rat serosal mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells have the capacity to polymerize chondroitin sulfate E glycosaminoglycan onto a p-Dxyloside acceptor, and this monomeric glycosaminoglycan lacking a protein core is capable of being directed to the secretory granule.Rat (1, 2) and mouse (3) serosal mast cells synthesize in primary culture a proteoglycan of M , = 750,000 containing AM-25960,
Highly accurate diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules with follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm cytology by ThyroSeq v2 next‐generation sequencing assay (2014)

The current results indicate that comprehensive genotyping of thyroid nodules using a broad NGS panel provides a highly accurate diagnosis for nodules with FN/SFN cytology and should facilitate the optimal management of these patients.
Gelatinized Carbohydrates in the Diet of Catla catla Fingerlings: Effect of Levels and Sources on Nutrient Utilization, Body Composition and Tissue Enzyme Activities (2006)

A Feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of three different sources and two levels of dietary gelatinized carbohydrate (GC) on nutrient utilization, growth, tissue composition and tissue enzyme activities of fingerlings of Catla catla (15.1-15.3 g). Six isocaloric (17.1-17.5 kJ/g) semi-purified diets were prepared either with rice, corn or tapioca at 40 or 50% GC each. The crude protein (CP) level used in the diet was 35% and 25% for 40% and 50% GC level, respectively to study the protein sparing effect of GC. The degree of gelatinization was higher for corn and tapioca than rice under similar cooking conditions. After a 60-d feeding trial, dry matter, carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestibility were higher in tapioca fed groups at both the levels of GC. However, the highest specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in the corn fed groups at 50% GC level indicating better utilization of nutrients from gelatinized corn. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was almost similar in corn and tapioca fed groups between two levels of GC but in rice fed groups, FCR was lower in 40% GC than 50% GC level. The results indicated higher proteinsparing effect in corn and tapioca fed groups than rice fed groups. The order of gelatinized carbohydrate utilization in Catla catla fingerlings at 50% GC level was corn>tapioca>rice. At 40% GC level, corn and tapioca were comparable and more efficiently utilized than rice. In the corn fed groups, 50% GC was comparable with 40% GC level, whereas in rice and tapioca fed groups the 40% GC was better in terms of nutrient utilization. Liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index were significantly (p<0.05) higher in those groups fed high GC (50%) irrespective of carbohydrate sources. Higher intestinal amylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were observed in higher GC fed groups than the lower GC groups. No mortality was found in any groups at any levels of GC.
Isolation and Characterization of an Interferon-Resistant Cell Line Deficient in the Induction of (2′-5′)Oligoadenylate Synthetase Activity (1983)

To screen for cells with different sensitivities to interferon (IFN), NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were subcloned and examined for their response to IFN treatment. Of 30 clones tested, 2 appeared to be relatively resistant to IFN, since the replication of both vesicular stomatitis virus and mengovirus was not inhibited, even in the presence of 1,000 U of IFN per ml. One resistant (A10) and one sensitive (A5) clone were further analyzed. In both clones, murine leukemia virus replication was equally inhibited by IFN, indicating the presence of functional receptors for IFN in the resistant clone. Using the (2'-5')oligoadenylate (2-5A) radiobinding assay, we could demonstrate that both clones contained the RNase L protein. Furthermore, this enzyme appears to be active, since a similar reduction in the rate of protein synthesis was evident after the introduction of exogenous 2-5A to the cells. We also analyzed the activity of another enzyme in the 2-5A pathway, namely, 2-5A synthetase. In the sensitive cells (A5), the induction of enzyme activity was proportional to the IFN concentration used, reaching a maximum of more than a 10-fold increase over the background of untreated cells. However, little if any induction over the basal activity was observed in the resistant cells (A10) when similar doses of IFN were used. It is thus probable that the lack of induction of 2-5A synthetase activity by IFN in A10 cells is at least partly responsible for their relative resistance to IFN treatment.
The effects of noradrenaline on neurones in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro. (1987)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from vagal motoneurones identified by antidromic stimulation in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (d.m.v.) in slice preparations of rat medulla oblongata. 2. Noradrenaline (NA) applied by perfusion (0.01 microM to 1 mM) depolarized 55%, hyperpolarized 32% and produced a biphasic response (hyperpolarization followed by depolarization) in 9% of the d.m.v. neurones tested. 3. The NA effects persisted after complete elimination of synaptic inputs during perfusion with Ca2+-free high-Mg2+ solution, and therefore probably resulted from a direct action on the postsynaptic membranes. 4. The NA depolarization was blocked by prazosin and the NA hyperpolarization by yohimbine, but neither was blocked by propranolol or timolol. Phenoxybenzamine blocked both responses. The results indicate that NA depolarization is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors and hyperpolarization by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 5. The neurones which were depolarized by NA were also hyperpolarized by NA when the alpha 1-adrenoceptors were blocked by prazosin (all of seven neurones tested). This result suggests that most vagal motoneurones in the d.m.v. have both alpha 1-and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 6. The NA depolarization was accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance and the hyperpolarization by an increase in membrane conductance, both of which were measured under manual-clamp conditions. 7. The reversal potentials for the NA responses were around -85 mV in normal Ringer solution, and shifted as predicted by the Nernst equation when the extracellular K+ concentration was changed. 8. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by focal electrical stimulation on the slice surface of the commissural part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (n.t.s.), which contains an A2 catecholaminergic cell group, were abolished by yohimbine. 9. The results suggest that NA modulates vagal output by decreasing or increasing the K+ conductance of d.m.v. neurones through alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In addition, the A2 noradrenergic cell group within the n.t.s. may send inhibitory inputs to the d.m.v.
Distribution of oncofetal antigen tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 defined by monoclonal antibody B72.3. (1986)

Murine monoclonal antibody B72.3, prepared against a membrane-enriched extract of human metastatic carcinoma, was reacted with a spectrum of adult and fetal human tissues using avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate the expression of the reactive tumor associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72 antigen. TAG-72 was shown to be expressed in several epithelial-derived cancers including 94% of colonic adenocarcinomas, 84% of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast, 96% of non-small cell lung carcinomas, 100% of common epithelial ovarian carcinomas, as well as the majority of pancreatic, gastric, and esophageal cancers evaluated. TAG-72 expression was not observed, however, in tumors of neural, hematopoietic, or sarcomatous derivation, suggesting that the TAG-72 antigen is "pancarcinoma" in nature. Appreciable monoclonal antibody B72.3 reactivity was generally not observed in adult normal tissues, with limited reactivity noted in a few benign lesions of the breast and colon. TAG-72 antigen expression was detected, however, in fetal colon, stomach, and esophagus, thus defining TAG-72 as an oncofetal antigen. TAG-72 has previously been shown to be distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen and other tumor associated antigens. The pancarcinoma distribution and lack of significant reactivity with normal adult tissues of monoclonal antibody B72.3 suggest its potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility for human carcinomas.
Objective Quality Potential Measures of Natural Color Images (1998)

This article deals with estimating the quality of natural color images from the digital image itself, for the purpose of determining whether the quality is sufficient for printing or displaying at some specified quality level. The problem of measuring simply defined parameters that correlate reasonably with human perception is discussed. Then an algorithm is described that measures sharpness, stochastic noise, and the blocking artifact of JPEG compression. The sharpness measure is the maximum of local sharpness, defined as the maximum gradient at an edge divided by the edge contrast. The algorithm behaves fairly consistently with respect to the amount of simulated blur and the measure correlates with the subjective sharpness of different images. The output of the stochastic noise algorithm is an unspecified number of noise levels, each of which is associated with the corresponding mean luminance. The algorithm computes a gradient image using the Sobel filters and uses the bivariate histogram of gradient and luminance to find the noise levels. The gradient filters are suitable for estimating the effect of power spectrum on noise visibility, but the discrimination between image details and noise is only partially solved by this method. The blocking artifact measure describes a characteristic spikiness in the histogram of the Sobel gradient.
Dietary quinic acid supplied as the nutritional supplement AIO + AC‐11® leads to induction of micromolar levels of nicotinamide and tryptophan in the urine (2010)

Hippuric acid is synthesized and produced primarily by the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora. However, there is no known health benefit for hippuric acid except its catabolic conjugation of benzene-type compounds via glycine and subsequent excretion in the urine. For years the GI tract microflora were known to metabolize quinic acid to hippuric acid. Recently it was also proposed that DNA repair was strongly enhanced by quinic acid. In order to explain these quinic acid effects, Pero and colleagues have examined whether tryptophan and nicotinamide were also enhanced by quinic acid levels in urine. They were indeed, and so another study was designed using a natural supplement source of quinic acid called AIO + AC-11®, and then the effects of intervention were measured after only 21 days. It was possible to show profound increases in quinic acid that were again paralleled by increases in tryptophan and nicotinamide urinary levels. Because the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods differed greatly between the two studies, differences in chemical analyses probably did not contribute to the data base.
특집 1 : 부산국제영화제 스펙트럼 ; 14(3): PIFF 14회, 영화 14편에 관한 배치14 (2009)

이 글은 14회를 맞이한 부산국제영화제(PIFF)를 관람하며 살펴본, 14편의 영화에 대해 14가지 배치(agencement)로 영화제의 발전방향을 제시한 것이다. 14개의 배치를 다시금 ``아시아(Asia)라는 상황``이라는 계열(series), ``새로운 흐름(Newcurrent)을 위한`` 계열, ``축제(Gala)로 남기 위한`` 계열, ``빛을 내기 위한`` 계열, ``영화제에 밤이 올지라도``의 계열, ``세계적인 영화제가 되기 위한`` 계열 등 6가지로 나누고, 각 영화의 의미들을 상징화 시켜 영화제의 발전 방향으로 제시하는 것이다. 그 발전 방향을 제시해 보면, 첫째, 아시아의 영화제로서 PIFF가 처해있는 현실에서 영원성을 추구하기 위해 영화적 욕망과 대중의 신뢰, 새로운 모험의 단계를 감내하여야 한다. 둘째, 영화제의 새로운 흐름을 위해서 희망과 절망, 강함과 약함, 파괴와 창조의 양가성(ambivalence)을 견뎌야 할 것이다. 셋째, 영화제가 아시아인, 혹은 세계인의 영화 축제로 남기 위해서는 14회까지의 전통에 도전하고 새롭게 출발해야 할 것이며, 넷째, 영화제가 빛을 발하기 위해서는 이제 다가올 위기를 생각해야 하며, 다섯째 비록 영화제에 밤이 올지라도(내외적 위기가 닥쳐올지라도), 선과 악에 대한 의미를 지속적으로 물으며, 여섯째 그럼에도 불구하고, 세계적인 영화제가 되기 위해서 선과 악의 타협 속에서도, 역사와 시간의 무게를 견디며, 마침내 도래할 사랑의 존엄성을 바라보며 화해의 과정을 만들어 가야 할 것이다.
Advanced Age, Female Gender and Delay in Pacemaker Implantation May Cause TdP in Patients With Complete Atrioventricular Block. (2010)

Among the patients with CAVB, elderly females are more susceptible to development of TdP. Delay in institution of physiological heart rate leads to further QT prolongation and thereby to TdP. Besides QT prolongation, the finding of T wave notching on ECG may also have a predictive value for TdP.
Fluorescence Endoscopy of Gastrointestinal Diseases: Basic Principles, Techniques, and Clinical Experience (1998)

Visual detection of tumors, especially during the early stages, is expected to be improved considerably by examining the fluorescence either of tumor-selective exogenous dyes such as protoporphyrin IX, induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid, or by analyzing the autofluorescent properties of healthy and neoplastic tissue. The present paper describes technical devices using light sources for fluorescence excitation, and sensitive detection systems such as intensified cameras and optical multichannel analyzers used for fiber-assisted point measurements. In the discussion of these systems, special consideration is given to their commercial availability and potential for endoscopic applications in the gastrointestinal tract. In this clinical discipline, the major interest lies in the ability to locate malignancies in the esophagus and colon. In recent years, there has been increasing clinical experience in this area, particularly in detecting adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus and malignant alterations in the colon, such as in ulcerative colitis and polyps. Although several research groups have reported sensitivities and specificities for fluorescence gastroscopy of more than 80%, the potential benefits of the technique to patients need to be evaluated in further clinical studies.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)?a new tool for single molecule detection and identification (1998)

This report describes surface-enhanced Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering of molecules in aqueous colloidal silver solution using non-resonant near-infrared excitation. We demonstrate that extremely large surface-enhanced Raman cross sections of the order of 10−16 cm2 per molecule can be combined with favorable conditions for excitation and collection of Raman scattered light provided by a Raman microscope to achieve single molecule sensitivity. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy will be compared with fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for single molecule detection.
Patterns of Diversity and Recombination Along Chromosome 1 of Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) (2002)

We investigate the interplay between genetic diversity and recombination in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays). Genetic diversity was measured in three types of markers: single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels, and microsatellites. All three were examined in a sample of previously published DNA sequences from 21 loci on maize chromosome 1. Small indels (1-5 bp) were numerous and far more common than large indels. Furthermore, large indels (>100 bp) were infrequent in the population sample, suggesting they are slightly deleterious. The 21 loci also contained 47 microsatellites, of which 33 were polymorphic. Diversity in SNPs, indels, and microsatellites was compared to two measures of recombination: C (=4Nc) estimated from DNA sequence data and R based on a quantitative recombination nodule map of maize synaptonemal complex 1. SNP diversity was correlated with C (r = 0.65; P = 0.007) but not with R (r = -0.10; P = 0.69). Given the lack of correlation between R and SNP diversity, the correlation between SNP diversity and C may be driven by demography. In contrast to SNP diversity, microsatellite diversity was correlated with R (r = 0.45; P = 0.004) but not C (r = -0.025; P = 0.55). The correlation could arise if recombination is mutagenic for microsatellites, or it may be consistent with background selection that is apparent only in this class of rapidly evolving markers.
Effects of Lithium Monotherapy for Bipolar Disorder on Gene Expression in Peripheral Lymphocytes (2016)

Peripheral gene expression may serve as a biomarker of lithium effect.
Color-Encoded Structured Light for Rapid Active Ranging (1987)

In this paper, we discuss a novel strategy for rapid acquisition of the range map of a scene employing color-encoded structured light. This technique offers several potential advantages including increased speed and improved accuracy. In this approach we illuminate the scene with a single encoded grid of colored light stripes. The indexing problem, that of matching a detected image plane stripe with its position in the projection grid, is solved from a knowledge of the color grid encoding. In fact, the possibility exists for the first time to acquire high-resolution range data in real time for modest cost, since only a single projection and single color image are required. Grid to grid alignment problems associated with previous multistripe techniques are eliminated, as is the requirement for dark interstices between grid stripes. Scene illumination is more uniform, simplifying the stripe detection problem, and mechanical difficulties associated with the equipment design are significantly reduced.
Mast cells correlate with angiogenesis and poor outcome in stage I lung adenocarcinoma (2000)

Angiogenesis is in part related to mast cells. However, the biological significance of mast cells within lung carcinoma remains unclear. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain for tryptase, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 85 cases of stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. VEGF was found in 33 of 53 adenocarcinomas and 14 of 32 squamous cell carcinomas. Cases of adenocarcinoma had significantly higher mast cell counts than those of squamous cell carcinoma. In adenocarcinoma, mast cell counts in VEGF-positive tumours were significantly higher than in VEGF-negative tumours, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma they were not. Good correlation was observed between intratumoural mast cell counts and microvessel counts. Double staining showed most intratumoural mast cells expressed VEGF. Importantly, only in lung adenocarcinoma, members in the high mast cell count group had significantly worse prognosis than those in the low mast cell count group. It is concluded that tumour-released vascular endothelial growth factors may be related to mast cell accumulation, intratumoural mast cells may produce vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal mast cells correlate with angiogenesis and poor outcome in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
Abrupt Emergence of Diverse Species B Adenoviruses at US Military Recruit Training Centers (2007)

Subspecies B2 Ads have rarely been associated with ARD, and only in Eurasia. This survey represents the first report of AdB2-associated ARD in the Western Hemisphere. The simultaneous emergence of several species B Ads suggests a common external source (the civilian population) and a decrease in preexisting immunity to species B Ads.
Resource evaluation, exploration and current prospecting interests of west coast ironsands, North Island, New Zealand (2009)

Ironsands are sand-sized grains of iron-rich oxides and are the largest known reserve of metalliferous ore in New Zealand. They occur extensively in coastal dunes and on the continental shelf of the western North Island. Figures published by Crown Minerals and New Zealand Steel Ltd indicate that around 1.8 million tonnes of sand are extracted annually from the Taharoa and Waikato North Head mines, from deposits reportedly containing 322 million tonnes of Proved and Probable Ore Reserves (as of 2004). In addition New Zealand Steel Mining has provided continuous supply since the early 1970's to its North Asian customer base, with peak annual exports of 2 million tonnes in the late 1970s. Offshore deposits of ironsand have been known since the early 60's, but estimates of their reserves are poorly constrained and to date remain largely unexploited. Wth the growing demand for raw materials on international markets, there has been increasing interest in the feasibility of exploiting beach, shore face and submarine ironsand deposits. Since 2005 the Ministry of Economic Development has released mineral exploration licenses that geographically cover almost the entire west coast of the North Island north of the Wanganui Bight. The reinvigoration of offshore prospecting brings new challenges for the coastal zone, both in terms of the exploration and quantification of ironsand resources and the development of adaptable and sustainable management strategies for their exploitation. This paper outlines the key scientific hurdles that currently imit a full assessment of the nature and exploitability of these reserves. Given current data and knowledge, the core issues are: (1) identification of the location, quantity and quality of ironsand deposits; (2) knowledge of the concentrating mechanisms for ironsand enrichment; (3) understanding of the impact of extraction techniques to benthic demersal habitats and biota on the continental shelf and on beaches; and (4) geotechnical solutions that could mitigate against seabed disturbance and elevated turbidity associated with resource extraction.
Concise encyclopedia of industrial chemical additives (1991)

Provides a compact reference book designed for use by industrial chemists and those involved in the chemical industry. Over 20,000 additives are presented and the tradenames for each product are listed. The additives are cross-referenced to their major chemical components and functional categories so that the reader can use the book as a main information source.
Interactive shape models (2003)

Supervised segmentation methods in which a model of the shape of an object and its gray-level appearance is used to segment new images have become popular techniques in medical image segmentation. However, the results of these methods are not always accurate enough. We show how to extend one of these segmentation methods, active shape models (ASM) so that user interaction can be incorporated. In this interactive shape model (iASM), a user drags points to their correct position thus guiding the segmentation process. Experiments for three medical segmentation tasks are presented: segmenting lung fields in chest radiographs, hand outlines in hand radiographs and thrombus in abdominal aorta aneurysms from CTA data. By only fixing a small number of points, the part of sufficiently accurate segmentations can be increased from 20-70% for no interaction to over 95%. We believe that iASM can be used in many clinical applications.