gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives Incorporating a Broad Range of Substitution Patterns by Enolate Additions totert-Butanesulfinyl Imines (2002)

Addition of Ti(Oi-Pr)(3) ester enolates to tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines and ketimines provided beta-substituted, alpha,beta- and beta,beta-disubstituted, alpha,beta,beta- and alpha,alpha,beta-trisubstituted, and alpha,alpha,beta,beta-tetrasubstituted beta-amino acid derivatives in high yields and with high diastereoselectivites. The N-sulfinyl-beta-amino ester products were further employed as versatile intermediates for both standard solution-phase and solid-phase synthetic transformations, including the synthesis of beta-peptide foldamers.
Use of MOBITEX wireless wide area networks as a solution to land-based positioning and navigation (2002)

The emergence of land-based positioning and navigation systems is the direct result of advancements in technologies relating to geographic information, wireless data communication, and navigation. The increasing demand for these systems has stimulated their rapid development. The paper identifies the wide variety of land-based positioning and navigation systems and classifies them into five groups. The basic system elements that are required in all land-based positioning and navigation systems are also discussed. A proposed system infrastructure that supports the five types of land-based positioning and navigation systems is described. The specific technologies integrated in this proposed infrastructure include the Global Positioning System (GPS), differential GPS, and the MOBITEX wireless wide area packet data networks. Real-time wireless mobile data communication is a key component of any land-based positioning and navigation system. Finally, the evaluation criteria necessary for field testing a pilot land-based positioning and navigation system are presented. This pilot system is used to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A review of current theories and treatments for phantom limb pain (2018)

Following amputation, most amputees still report feeling the missing limb and often describe these feelings as excruciatingly painful. Phantom limb sensations (PLS) are useful while controlling a prosthesis; however, phantom limb pain (PLP) is a debilitating condition that drastically hinders quality of life. Although such experiences have been reported since the early 16th century, the etiology remains unknown. Debate continues regarding the roles of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Currently, the most posited mechanistic theories rely on neuronal network reorganization; however, greater consideration should be given to the role of the dorsal root ganglion within the peripheral nervous system. This Review provides an overview of the proposed mechanistic theories as well as an overview of various treatments for PLP.
The characterization and uses of monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus. (1984)

Fifteen hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been produced. Three react with nucleoprotein (MW 42 000 daltons), 1 with phosphoprotein (MW 36 000 daltons), 1 with a larger protein (MW 60 000 daltons) and 10 with the fusion glycoprotein (MW 46 000 + 22 000 daltons). By immunofluorescent staining of infected cells, 5 monoclonal antibodies bind to cytoplasmic inclusions and the remainder give diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence. Virus infectivity is neutralized by two monoclonal antibodies. Thirteen react with both bovine and human strains of RSV, two fail to react with three human strains. The antibodies have been used to induce passive protection in mice against challenge with RSV and to purify viral components on immunoadsorbent columns.
Priming of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes vivo by short synthetic peptides (1991)

Influenza virus-specific CTL were primed in vivo by immunization with short synthetic peptides representing major CTL epitopes from the nucleoprotein of type A influenza virus. The resultant CTL after in vitro boosting of primed spleen cells recognized both virus-infected and peptide-pulsed target cells. The requirement of CD4+ T cell activation was investigated in several ways. First the addition of helper epitopes to the CTL epitope did not enhance CTL generation, suggesting that helper activity was either not limiting or not required. However, in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells completely inhibited the generation of CTL by peptide immunization. The inclusion of anti-CD4 in the in vitro restimulation with peptide also prevented the generation of CTL, whereas in vitro reactivation of virus immune spleen cells with peptide was not inhibited by anti-CD4. Thus there appears to be heterogeneity in the requirement of CD4+ T cell proliferation in CTL generation. One possibility is that virus infected cells can stimulate higher affinity T cells that are less helper T cell dependent.
Reproducibility of telomere length assessment: an international collaborative study (2014)

Intra- and inter-laboratory technical variation severely limits the usefulness of data pooling and excludes sharing of reference ranges between laboratories. We propose to establish a common set of physical telomere length standards to improve comparability of telomere length estimates between laboratories.
Purification of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography (1984)

A 165,000-dalton surface protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, designated protein P1, appears to be the major attachment ligand of the pathogen. We employed monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography to obtain purified protein P1.
INCIDENCE, ETIOLOGY, LOCATION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER (1998)

Tumor at the specimen edge is an adverse prognostic factor. With appropriate patient selection and meticulous surgical technique some positive margins can be prevented. Controlled prospective randomized studies of postoperative therapy are needed before definitive recommendations can be made for treating positive margins.
Intraocular gene transfer of ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents death and increases responsiveness of rod photoreceptors in the retinal degeneration slow mouse. (1998)

Several mutations causing both photoreceptor degeneration and malfunction have been identified in humans and animals. Although intraocular injection of trophic factors has been shown to reduce photoreceptor death in a few conditions of rapid photoreceptor loss, it is unclear whether long-term beneficial changes in functional properties of affected photoreceptors can be obtained by treatment with these factors. The rds/rds mouse is a spontaneous mutant bearing a null mutation in the rds/peripherin gene, which is linked to many forms of dominant retinal degenerations in humans. Here, we report that intraocular adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in this mutant reduces photoreceptor loss, causes a significant increase in the length of photoreceptor segments, and results in a redistribution and an increase in the retinal content of the photopigment rhodopsin. These effects are accompanied by a significant increase in the amplitude of the a- and b-waves of the scotopic electroretinogram. These results suggest that continuous administration of CNTF could potentially be useful for the treatment of some forms of retinal degeneration.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Biopsy of the Sphenoid and Clival Mass (1999)

Abnormalities of the clivus/skull base occur most commonly as a result of disease spread from adjacent structures, but can also occur from primary involvement of the clivus. Traditionally, definitive diagnosis was made by CT guided biopsy or craniotomy. However, lesions can occur in this area that are not amenable to CT guided biopsy or craniotomy. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery can provide a safe method for obtaining a clival biopsy, debulking of tumor tissue, or definitive treatment without the morbidity and mortality of a craniotomy. This study was designed to describe our experience with the endoscopic approach to the skull base and clivus via the sphenoid sinus. A series of seven patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal biopsy of a sphenoid clival lesion. All patients avoided anticipated craniotomy, and definitive pathology was obtained in five of six patients. In two cases, excisional biopsy proved to be therapeutic. There were no deaths, and major complications included one CSF leak and one intraoperative hemorrhage, both of which were controlled immediately. The experience gained with these patients demonstrates the feasibility and safety of this new application of endoscopic sinus surgery for the diagnosis and possible treatment of lesions of the sphenoid and clivus.
A Stochastic Analysis of Performance Limits for Optical Microscopes (2006)

The optical microscope is a powerful instrument for observing cellular events. Recently, the increased use of microscopy in quantitative biological research, including single molecule microscopy, has generated significant interest in determining the performance limits of an optical microscope. Here, we formulate this problem in the context of a parameter estimation approach in which the acquired imaging data is modeled as a spatio-temporal stochastic process. We derive formulations of the Fisher information matrix for models that allow both stationary and moving objects. The effects of background signal, detector size, pixelation and noise sources are also considered. Further, formulations are given that allow the study of defocused objects. Applications are discussed for the special case of the estimation of the location of objects, especially single molecules. Specific emphasis is placed on the derivation of conditions that guarantee block diagonal or diagonal Fisher information matrices.
Predicting Movie Sales from Blogger Sentiment (2006)

The volume of discussion about a product in weblogs has recently been shown to correlate with the product’s financial performance. In this paper, we study whether applying sentiment analysis methods to weblog data results in better correlation than volume only, in the domain of movies. Our main finding is that positive sentiment is indeed a better predictor for movie success when applied to a limited context around references to the movie in weblogs, posted prior to its release. If my film makes one more person miserable, I’ve done my job. – Woody Allen
Methanogenic bacteria from human dental plaque (1988)

Samples of human dental plaque were examined for the presence of methanogenic bacteria. Of 54 samples from 36 patients, 20 yielded H2/CO2-using methanogenic enrichment cultures. All methanogen-positive samples were from patients with some degree of periodontal disease. The predominant populations in the enrichments had morphologies characteristic of Methanobrevibacter spp. In six enrichments derived from three patients, the common methanogen was antigenically similar to Methanobrevibacter smithii. The same was true for the three methanogenic isolates obtained in axenic culture from a fourth patient. The six enrichments and two of the three isolates were antigenically closer to strain ALI than to PS. Two of the enrichments also had subpopulations with weak antigenic similarity to Methanosphaera stadtmanae. The data indicate that methanogens in the oral cavity of humans are antigenically close to those found in the intestinal tract.
Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in aXenopusmodel (2013)

Understanding mechanisms that orchestrate cell behavior into appropriately patterned tissues and organs within the organism is an essential element of preventing, detecting and treating cancer. Bioelectric signals (resting transmembrane voltage potential gradients in all cells) underlie an important and broadly conserved set of control mechanisms that regulate pattern formation. We tested the role of transmembrane potential in tumorigenesis mediated by canonical oncogenes in Xenopus laevis. Depolarized membrane potential (Vmem) was a characteristic of induced tumor-like structures (ITLSs) generated by overexpression of Gli1, Kras(G12D), Xrel3 or p53(Trp248). This bioelectric signature was also present in precursor ITLS sites. Vmem is a bioelectric marker that reveals ITLSs before they become histologically and morphologically apparent. Moreover, voltage was functionally important: overexpression of hyperpolarizing ion transporters caused a return to normal Vmem and significantly reduced ITLS formation in vivo. To characterize the molecular mechanism by which Vmem change regulates ITLS phenotypes, we performed a suppression screen. Vmem hyperpolarization was transduced into downstream events via Vmem-regulated activity of SLC5A8, a sodium-butyrate exchanger previously implicated in human cancer. These data indicate that butyrate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, might be responsible for transcriptional events that mediate suppression of ITLSs by hyperpolarization. Vmem is a convenient cellular parameter by which tumors induced by human oncogenes can be detected in vivo and represents a new diagnostic modality. Moreover, control of resting membrane potential is functionally involved in the process by which oncogene-bearing cells depart from normal morphogenesis programs to form tumors. Modulation of Vmem levels is a novel and promising strategy for tumor normalization.
Use of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (1993)

Ribavirin is an antiviral drug that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1986 for aerosol treatment of serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in hospitalized children. Ribavirin has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity in vitro, where it inhibits replication of RSV, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, measles, Lassa fever, and Hantaan viruses. Proof of efficacy for human infection has been obtained in double-blind placebo-controlled studies of RSV,1,2 Lassa fever, and Korean hemorrhagic fever. Presently, only anecdotal reports support the efficacy of this drug for treatment of measles or parainfluenza. Ribavirin treatment for RSV infections has been controversial because of the aerosol route of administration, concern for potential toxicity for exposed persons, cost, and the unpredictable and highly variable course of illness in the absence of specific therapy. These issues necessitate ongoing review of ribavirin therapy and the following updated recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics. BACKGROUND RSV Disease Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. Disease usually appears in yearly outbreaks in the winter or spring, and essentially all children become infected during their first 3 years of life. The number of infected infants who require hospitalization has been estimated to range from 1 to 50 per 1000 in different locations. Currently, the mortality rate in hospitalized infants who previously were healthy is low (less than 1%). In infants with underlying diseases, however, the mortality can be much higher. Conditions that increase the risk of severe or fatal RSV infection are cyanotic or complicated congenital heart disease (including pulmonary hypertension); underlying pulmonary disease, especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia; prematurity; and immunodeficiency disease or therapy causing immunosuppression at any age.
Encapsulated Cell-Based Intraocular Delivery of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Normal Rabbit: Dose-Dependent Effects on ERG and Retinal Histology (2004)

CNTF, given by intravitreal ECT device at doses that protect photoreceptors in a canine model of retinal degeneration (5 ng/d), did not adversely affect either rod or cone ERG function of normal rabbit retina. The cone ERG was more sensitive to suppression being reduced, at low flash intensities, by 22 ng/d. Dose-related changes in the ONL and photoreceptor cell nuclei did not represent a toxic effect, because they were not associated with deficits in the rod ERG over a broad range of intensities.
A structured approach to allergen avoidance in dwellings, with special emphasis on the ecosystem of humid indoor walls and room partitions (1994)

Woningen zijn gebouwd ter wering van schadelijke invloeden van buiten. De bescherming tegen schadelijke binnenmilieueffecten is veelal beperkt. De auteur heeft een aantal allergologische effecten onderzocht van normale biologische agentia in het huiselijke binnenmilieu: schimmels en mijten, die hun leefmilieu gevonden hebben op minerale oppervlakken binnenshuis en in het woningtextiel. Het onderzoek heeft geresulteerd in een proefschrift dat in dit artikel uitgebreid wordt samengevat.
Do different implant surfaces exposed in the oral cavity of humans show different biofilm compositions and activities? (2004)

Osseointegrated dental implants play an important role in restorative dentistry. However, plaque accumulation may cause inflammatory reactions around the implants, sometimes leading to implant failure. In this in vivo study the influence of two physical hard coatings on bacterial adhesion was examined in comparison with a pure titanium surface. Thin glass sheets coated with titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN) or pure titanium were mounted on removable intraoral splints in two adults. After 60 h of intraoral exposure, the biofilms were analyzed to determine the number of bacteria, the types of bacteria [by applying single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP analysis) of 16S rRNA genes], and whether or not the bacteria were active (by SSCP analysis of 16S rRNA). The results showed that bacterial cell counts were higher on the pure titanium-coated glass sheets than on the glass sheets coated with TiN or ZrN. The lowest number of bacterial cells was present on theZrN-coated glass. However, the metabolic activity (RNA fingerprints) of bacteria on TiN- and ZrN-coated glass sheets seemed to be lower than the activity of bacteria on the titanium-coated surfaces, whereas SSCP fingerprints based on 16S rDNA revealed that the major 16S bands are common to all of the fingerprints, independently of the surface coating.
C-Reactive Protein, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events (2003)

These prospective data suggest that measurement of CRP adds clinically important prognostic information to the metabolic syndrome.
<I>A Two-dimensional, Finite Element Analysis of Vasogenic Brain Edema</I> (1990)

The authors constructed a two-dimensional model of vasogenic brain edema, using the finite element method (FEM). The model incorporates the following physical parameters: cerebrovascular hydraulic conductivity, metabolic water production, tissue hydraulic conductivity and compliance, tissue and plasma osmotic and hydrostatic pressures, cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure and absorption, intracerebral stress, and shift of brain tissue. These parameters, related by partial differential equations, were approximated numerically in time and space by the FEM. The results of computer simulation of brain edema by the FEM were compared with experimental data obtained in a feline cold injury brain edema model. Computer simulation predicted the changes observed in interstitial pressure, extent of edema, intracerebral stress distribution, and shift of brain tissue. The results indicate that the FEM, applied to a model of vasogenic brain edema, can be used to predict the time course and regional distribution of fluid accumulation and the accompanying regional stress and deformation of brain tissue.
Theory and numerical simulation of field-induced director dynamics in confined nematics investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (2010)

We investigate the director reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal confined between two parallel plates and subjected to both a magnetic and an electric field. The permanent magnetic field is used first to align the director and, subsequently, to allow nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of the director response following the application of the electric field. For sufficiently strong electric fields, the director reorients and aligns parallel to the electric field. In this work we focus on the geometry where the electric and magnetic fields are orthogonal to each other. In this configuration the state of the system, immediately after applying the orthogonal electric field, is steady and unstable, at least in theory, since the director is assumed to be everywhere parallel to the magnetic field. In practice the real state of the system always deviates slightly from the perfect unstable steady state, which induces the start of the director reorientation toward the electric field. The nature and the characteristics of the initial deviation partially determine the reorientation process. In the classical approach, the small deviations from the ideal state are assumed to be due to thermal fluctuations, but this approach fails to account for some recent experimental results. For this reason we were led to investigate slightly non-uniform initial director configurations that are stable under the sole effect of the magnetic field but are sufficient to break the ideal unstable steady state created with the application of the orthogonal electric field. Such non-uniformities must be local or distributed over very small sample volumes, since their effects on the equilibrium NMR spectrum (before the application of the electric field) are not usually observed. In other words, we consider the presence of inversion walls in the bulk of the sample and local misalignments of the director on the boundary plates and investigate the effects of such non-uniformities on the response of the nematic to the application of the electric field, as observed by NMR. The model we propose, including such effects in parallel with thermal fluctuations, is able to account for the recently observed features of the field-induced director dynamics.
Interconnects in the Third Dimension: Design Challenges for 3D ICs (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.