gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Endophytic bacteria on growth and suppression of ganoderma infection in oil palm. (2008)

Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is an important disease of oil palm in Malaysia. Control of BSR is complex, because the disease occurs in the dynamic environment at the interface of the roots with soil. Endophytes as biocontrol agents offer possible advantages as they invade and proliferate in the plants to await the pathogens and they are insulated from any adverse conditions in the soil. Burkholderia cepacia (B3) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P3) isolated from symptomless oil palm root tissues have shown potential to inhibit the spread of G. boninense. They play a role in keeping the G. boninense population below threshold for BSR initiation by restricting its entry and movement in the palm. When tested on 4 month-old oil palm seedlings inoculated with G. boninense, the bacteria singly and in a mixture suppressed the spread of the pathogen with an epidemic rate of 0.10 - 0.24 units compared to 0.52 units in the control. At 8 months after inoculation, BSR incidence was reduced by 76% in seedlings pre-inoculated with P. aeruginosa (P3). B. cepacia (B3) reduced incidence by 42% and the mixture of P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia by 54%. Inoculation of endophytic bacteria also improved vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings.
14-3-3 (ϵ) Interacts with the Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor and Insulin Receptor Substrate I in a Phosphoserine-dependent Manner (1997)

The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated as potential regulators of diverse signaling pathways. Here, using two-hybrid assays and in vitro assays of protein interaction, we show that the epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 interacts with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) and with insulin receptor substrate I (IRS-1), but not with the insulin receptor (IR). Coprecipitation studies demonstrated an IGFI-dependent in vitro interaction between 14-3-3-glutathione S-transferase proteins and the IGFIR. In similar studies no interaction of 14-3-3 with the IR was observed. We present evidence to suggest that 14-3-3 interacts with phosphoserine residues within the COOH terminus of the IGFIR. Specifically, peptide competition studies combined with mutational analysis suggested that the 14-3-3 interaction was dependent upon phosphorylation of IGFIR serine residues 1272 and/or 1283, a region which has been implicated in IGFIR-dependent transformation. Phosphorylation of these serines appears to be dependent upon prior IGFIR activation since no interaction of 14-3-3 was observed with a kinase-inactive IGFIR in the two-hybrid assay nor was any in vitro interaction with unstimulated IGFIR derived from mammalian cells. We show that the interaction of 14-3-3 with IRS-1 also appears to be phosphoserine-dependent. Interestingly, 14-3-3 appears to interact with IRS-1 before and after hormonal stimulation. In summary, our data suggest that 14-3-3 interacts with phosphoserine residues within the COOH terminus of the IGFIR and within the central domain of IRS-1. The potential functional roles which 14-3-3 may play in IGFIR and IRS-1-mediated signaling remain to be elucidated.
THE NURSING ASSISTANT TO LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSE PROGRAM (2003)

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is committed to providing cost-effective, quality care to veterans. Given an aging veteran population and common, multiple co-morbid illnesses, the needs of the typical patient cared for within the VA system are complex. Thus, caregivers meeting these needs require additional nursing education. To ensure the staff will have the skills necessary to care for patients experiencing more complex illnesses, the Battle Creek VA Medical Center (VAMC) designed a program giving experienced nursing assistants the opportunity to enroll in a nursing program leading to practical nurse licensure. The Nursing Assistant to Licensed Practical Nurse Program has been established by developing a collaborative agreement with an affiliating educational institution, defining the selection criteria, helping to prepare funding requests, developing a mentoring program, coordinating with Human Resources and Fiscal Services, and outlining the service obligation. After the first year of this program, the VAMC and the academic institution consider it a successful collaborative effort.
Comprehensive genomic transcriptomic tumor-normal gene panel analysis for enhanced precision in patients with lung cancer (2018)

A CMS approved test for lung cancer is based on tumor-only analysis of a targeted 35 gene panel, specifically excluding the use of the patient's normal germline tissue. However, this tumor-only approach increases the risk of mistakenly identifying germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as somatically-derived cancer driver mutations (false positives). 621 patients with 30 different cancer types, including lung cancer, were studied to compare the precision of tumor somatic variant calling in 35 genes using tumor-only DNA sequencing versus tumor-normal DNA plus RNA sequencing. When sequencing of lung cancer was performed using tumor genomes alone without normal germline controls, 94% of variants identified were SNPs and thus false positives. Filtering for common SNPs still resulted in as high as 48% false positive variant calling. With tumor-only sequencing, 29% of lung cancer patients had a false positive variant call in at least one of twelve genes with directly targetable drugs. RNA analysis showed 18% of true somatic variants were not expressed. Thus, sequencing and analysis of both normal germline and tumor genomes is necessary for accurate identification of molecular targets. Treatment decisions based on tumor-only analysis may result in the administration of ineffective therapies while also increasing the risk of negative drug-related side effects.
Th17 cells and IL-17 receptor signaling are essential for mucosal host defense against oral candidiasis (2009)

The commensal fungus Candida albicans causes oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC; thrush) in settings of immunodeficiency. Although disseminated, vaginal, and oral candidiasis are all caused by C. albicans species, host defense against C. albicans varies by anatomical location. T helper 1 (Th1) cells have long been implicated in defense against candidiasis, whereas the role of Th17 cells remains controversial. IL-17 mediates inflammatory pathology in a gastric model of mucosal candidiasis, but is host protective in disseminated disease. Here, we directly compared Th1 and Th17 function in a model of OPC. Th17-deficient (IL-23p19(-/-)) and IL-17R-deficient (IL-17RA(-/-)) mice experienced severe OPC, whereas Th1-deficient (IL-12p35(-/-)) mice showed low fungal burdens and no overt disease. Neutrophil recruitment was impaired in IL-23p19(-/-) and IL-17RA(-/-), but not IL-12(-/-), mice, and TCR-alphabeta cells were more important than TCR-gammadelta cells. Surprisingly, mice deficient in the Th17 cytokine IL-22 were only mildly susceptible to OPC, indicating that IL-17 rather than IL-22 is vital in defense against oral candidiasis. Gene profiling of oral mucosal tissue showed strong induction of Th17 signature genes, including CXC chemokines and beta defensin-3. Saliva from Th17-deficient, but not Th1-deficient, mice exhibited reduced candidacidal activity. Thus, the Th17 lineage, acting largely through IL-17, confers the dominant response to oral candidiasis through neutrophils and antimicrobial factors.
Analysis of an evolutionarily conserved antigenic site on mammalian cytochrome c using synthetic peptides. (1985)

Two synthetic peptides inclusive of the NH2-terminal N-acetyl-Gly-Asp-Val-Glu tetrapeptide of mammalian cytochrome c (cyt c) were used in this study to address the question of whether mammals can respond immunologically to an evolutionarily conserved region of a protein. These peptides were assessed for their capacity (i) to act as immunogens for the production of anti-self cyt c antisera and (ii) to bind rabbit anti-rodent cyt c antibody. The findings from these studies indicate the existence of an immunogenic determinant in an evolutionarily conserved region of cyt c that contains residues 1-4. This determinant can induce anti-self cyt c antibodies whether presented as a peptide on a carrier protein or in the context of the intact molecule as polymerized mammalian cyt c.
Über die Depolymerisierung von Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxy‐buttersäureester (PHB) (1982)

On the Depolymerization of Poly‐( R )‐3‐hydroxy‐butanoate ( PHB ) From cell‐free PHB or from dried cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16 , which had been grown in an aqueous fructose solution, enantiomerically pure methyl, ethyl, butyl or β‐methoxyethyl ( R )‐3‐hydroxy‐butanoates are obtained in yields ranging from 75–90% (0.1 to 70 g scale). The depolymerization is achieved by heating the PHB ‐containing materials to temperatures of 80–160° in the corresponding alcohol with or without the cosolvent dichloroethane in the presence of either sulfuric acid or tetraethoxytitanium catalyst. Since ( S )‐3‐hydroxy‐butanoates are also readily obtained (by yeast reduction of aceto‐acetates), starting materials derived from 3‐hydroxy‐butyric acid now belong to the especially useful group of synthetic building blocks which are available in both enantiomeric forms.
Mushroom polysaccharide extracts delay progression of carcinogenesis in mice. (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma results when cancerous cells are localized in the liver. It is distributed globally with high prevalence in sub-Saharan African, southern Asia, China and Japan. Diagnosis is experimental and in many cases inaccurate due to unreliability of markers. Prognosis is poor and the cost of treatment prohibitive. Conventional radiation and chemotherapy lead to loss of hair, fertility and general weakening of the body's immune system increasing a patient's risk to infection. These observations underscore the need for improved, or additional methods of cancer diagnosis and management. We investigated the effect of polysaccharide rich Pleurotus pulmonarius fruit body extracts on progression of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in CBA mice. Addition of Pleurotus pulmonarius extracts in diet delayed progression of carcinogenesis suggesting that these extracts may be useful as adjuvants to conventional cancer therapies.
Ethylene and plant responses to stress (1997)

When plants are subject to a variety of stresses they often exhibit symptoms of exposure to ethylene. Although this relationship usually results from induction of ACC synthase thus raising the concentration of the precursor of ethylene, it is now apparent that there are numerous other ways that stresses produce ethylene‐like symptoms. This complex relationship between stress and ethylene‐like symptoms is here termed the stress ethylene syndrome. ACC synthase exists as a multi‐gene family whose individual members are differentially regulated, many by various stresses. In addition, ACC oxidase. AdoMet synthetase, enzymes in the Yang methionine cycle, and enzymes that conjugate ACC are regulated by stress. In more unusual cases, ethylene production is not increased by stress or may be reduced. There is evidence for stress effects on perception of ethylene and the potential exists that some steps of the ethylene signal transduction pathway may be influenced by stress. Because of the variability possible in the stress ethylene syndrome, it continues to be studied for a number of stresses and species. In particular, attention is being given to wounding, mechanical stress, drought, heat and water deficit stress, chilling, air pollution, chemical and salt stress, and low O 2 stress. It is becoming more apparent that a number of stress responses involve interactions with other hormones.
In Vitro Hydrodynamics of a Decellularized Pulmonary Porcine Valve, Compared with a Glutaraldehyde and Polyurethane Heart Valve (2002)

Decellularized pulmonary porcine valves showed the same excellent performance as polyurethane valve prosthesis, which are superior to the investigated glutaraldehyde fixed xenograft.
Naturally Occurring Antibodies in Humans Can Neutralize a Variety of Influenza Virus Strains, Including H3, H1, H2, and H5 (2011)

Influenza A viruses are classified into 16 subtypes according to the serotypes of hemagglutinin (HA). It is generally thought that neutralizing antibodies (Abs) are not broadly cross-reactive among HA subtypes. We examined the repertoire of neutralizing Abs against influenza viruses in humans. B lymphocytes were collected from donors by apheresis, and Ab libraries were constructed by using phage-display technology. Anti-HA clones were isolated by screening with H3N2 viruses. Their binding activity was examined, and four kinds of Abs showing broad strain specificity were identified from one donor. Two of the Abs, F045-092 and F026-427, were extensively analyzed. They neutralized not only H3N2 but also H1N1, H2N2, and H5N1 viruses, although the activities were largely varied. Flow cytometry suggested that they have the ability to bind to HA and HA1 artificially expressed on the cell surface. They show hemagglutination inhibition activity and do not compete with C179, an Ab thought to bind to the stalk region. F045-092 competes with Abs that recognize sites A and B for binding to HA. Furthermore, the serine at residue 136 in site A could be a part of the epitope. Thus, it is likely that F045-092 and F026-427 bind to a conserved epitope in the head region formed by HA1. Interestingly, while the V(H)1-69 gene can encode MAbs against the HA stem that are group 1 specific, F045-092 and its relatives that recognize the head region also use V(H)1-69. The possible epitope recognized by these clones is discussed.
pClock (2007)

Storage consolidation is becoming an attractive paradigm for data organization because of the economies of sharing and the ease of centralized management. However, sharing of resources is viable only if applications can be isolated from each other. This work targets the problem of providing performance guarantees to an application irrespective of the behavior of other workloads. Application requirements are represented in terms of the average throughput, latency and maximum burst size. Most earlier schemes only do weighted bandwidth allocation; schemes that provide control of latency either cannot handle bursts or penalize applications for their own prior behavior, such as using spare capacity. Our algorithm p Clock is based on arrival curves that intuitively capture the bandwidth and burst requirements of applications. We show analytically that an application following its arrival curve never misses its deadline. We have implemented p Clock both in DiskSim and as a module in the Linux kernel 2.6. Our evaluation shows three important features of p Clock: (1) benefits over existing algorithms; (2) efficient performance isolation and burst handling; and (3) the ability to allocate spare capacity to either speed up some applications or to a background utility, such as backup. p Clock can be efficiently implemented in a system without much overhead.
Administration of anti-interleukin 18 antibody fails to inhibit development of dermatitis in atopic dermatitis-model mice NC/Nga (2003)

This study demonstrates that, at least in NC/Nga mice, IL-18, although excessively expressed before the onset of dermatitis, shows antiallergic actions.
Plasma Protein Adsorption: The Big Twelvea (1987)

We have discussed the general principles of protein adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces from single component and multicomponent solutions, based on qualitative kinetic models that include mass transport considerations, initial interaction energies, surface-dependent conformational changes, and possible desorption processes. We have surveyed plasma protein components greater than one milligram per milliliter in concentration, which we call "The Big Twelve." We considered their size, concentration, diffusion coefficient, structure and function, and methods of estimating their "surface denaturability" by using bulk solution measures of denaturation and conformational change. We have suggested that the role of the carbohydrate moieties in plasma proteins may have some bearing on their adsorption properties. We further suggest that lipoproteins, because of their lipid phase transition and conformational lability at body temperature, may tend to dominate the adsorption process, particularly on mobile elastomeric polymer surfaces. We suggest that detailed consideration of the structure and characteristics of each of the proteins involved is necessary in order to begin to understand plasma adsorption processes. Detailed characterization and understanding of the solid surface in the aqueous and protein environments are also required.
Microglia and Macrophages in Malignant Gliomas: Recent Discoveries and Implications for Promising Therapies (2013)

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their deadliest manifestation, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), accounts for 15% of all primary brain tumors and is associated with a median survival of only 15 months even after multimodal therapy. There is substantial presence of microglia and macrophages within and surrounding brain tumors. These immune cells acquire an alternatively activated phenotype with potent tumor-tropic functions that contribute to glioma growth and invasion. In this review, we briefly summarize recent data that has been reported on the interaction of microglia/macrophages with brain tumors and discuss potential application of these findings to the development of future antiglioma therapies.
The circumventricular organs form a potential neural pathway for lactate sensitivity: implications for panic disorder. (1997)

Patients with panic disorder experience panic attacks after intravenous sodium lactate infusions by an as yet unexplained mechanism. Lactate elicits a panic-like response in rats with chronic dysfunction of GABA neurotransmission in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). The circumventricular organs, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO), are potential sites that could detect increases in plasma lactate levels and activate the DMH. To test this, we obtained baseline heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses to lactate infusions in rats fit with femoral arterial and venous catheters. Next, unilateral chronic injection cannulae connected to an Alzet infusion pump filled with the GABA synthesis inhibitor L-allylglycine (L-AG) were implanted into the DMH. Another chronic injection cannula was implanted into the region of the OVLT, SFO, or an adjacent control site, the median preoptic area (MePOA). These rats were tested once again with lactate infusions after injection of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) into the CVO sites. Injecting TTX into the OVLT completely blocked the lactate-induced response, whereas TTX injections into the SFO or MePOA did not. Also, direct injections of lactate (100 or 500 nl) into the OVLT elicited robust anxiety-like responses in these rats. These results suggest that the OVLT may be the primary site that detects lactate infusions, activating an anxiety-like response in a compromised DMH, and provide the first neuroanatomical basis for lactate response in panic disorder.
Acylated heptapeptide binds albumin with high affinity and application as tag furnishes long-acting peptides (2017)

The rapid renal clearance of peptides in vivo limits this attractive platform for the treatment of a broad range of diseases that require prolonged drug half-lives. An intriguing approach for extending peptide circulation times works through a 'piggy-back' strategy in which peptides bind via a ligand to the long-lived serum protein albumin. In accordance with this strategy, we developed an easily synthesized albumin-binding ligand based on a peptide-fatty acid chimera that has a high affinity for human albumin (K<sub>d</sub>=39 nM). This ligand prolongs the elimination half-life of cyclic peptides in rats 25-fold to over seven hours. Conjugation to a peptide factor XII inhibitor developed for anti-thrombotic therapy extends the half-life from 13 minutes to over five hours, inhibiting coagulation for eight hours in rabbits. This high-affinity albumin ligand could potentially extend the half-life of peptides in human to several days, substantially broadening the application range of peptides as therapeutics.
Activation of the subventricular zone in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for early glial progenitors (2007)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendrocyte and myelin destruction lead to demyelination with subsequent axonal loss. Experimental demyelination in rodents has highlighted the activation of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the involvement of progenitor cells expressing the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the repair process. In this article, we studied the distribution of early PSA-NCAM(+) progenitors in the SVZ and MS lesions in human postmortem brains. Compared with controls, MS SVZ showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in cell density and proliferation, which correlated with enhanced numbers of PSA-NCAM(+) and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP(+)) cells. PSA-NCAM(+) progenitors mainly were Sox9(+), and a few expressed Sox10 and Olig2, markers of oligodendroglial specification. PSA-NCAM(+) progenitors expressing Sox10 and Olig2 also were detected in demyelinated MS lesions. In active and chronic active lesions, the number of PSA-NCAM(+) progenitors was 8-fold higher compared with chronic silent lesions, shadow plaques, and normal-appearing white matter. In active and chronic active lesions, PSA-NCAM(+) progenitors were more frequent in periventricular lesions (30-50%) than in lesions remote from the ventricular wall. These data indicate that, as in rodents, activation of gliogenesis in the SVZ occurs in MS and suggest the mobilization of SVZ-derived early glial progenitors to periventricular lesions, where they could give rise to oligodendrocyte precursors. These early glial progenitors could be a potential target for therapeutic strategies designed to promote myelin repair in MS.
Parturition and periparturient reproductive and metabolic hormone concentrations in prenatally androgenized beef heifers. (1995)

Primiparous Angus x Simmental heifers (n = 43) in a single-calf heifer (SCH) system (i.e., heifers are bred, calved, and placed in drylot pens with their calves at side and fed to slaughter weights) were studied to evaluate the effects of prenatal androgenization on parturition and on periparturient reproductive and metabolic hormone concentrations. Seven prenatally androgenized (PA) and seven control (C) heifers were used for blood collection to characterize parturient and lactation endocrine profiles; all heifers were used for blood collection to characterize postpartum ovarian cyclicity. Serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM), and prolactin from 10 d before to 3 d after parturition were similar for PA and C heifers. Calf birth weights (34.7 +/- .9 kg) and calving ease scores (1.34 +/- .14) were similar between treatments. Postpartum ovarian cyclicity was similar; only 6 of 22 PA (27.3%) and 3 of 21 C (14.3%) heifers were cyclic by 70 d postpartum, based on weekly serum progesterone concentrations. Serum concentrations of insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), and prolactin at 35, 70, and 105 d of lactation were similar for PA and C heifers; thyroxine (T4) concentrations were similar at 35 and 70 d but greater (P < .01) at 105 d of lactation in PA heifers than in C heifers. Although mean serum concentrations of insulin, T3, and T4 were similar between treatments, prolactin concentrations were greater (P < .05) in C than in PA lactating heifers. We conclude that PA heifers are similar to C heifers with respect to parturition and to periparturient reproductive and metabolic hormone concentrations. Therefore, management requirements of PA primiparous beef heifers seem to be similar to those of C primiparous beef heifers, and PA heifers can be used successfully in a SCH system.