gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P-selectin-dependent leukocyte recruitment and intestinal mucosal injury induced by lactoferrin (1994)

Plasma concentrations of lactoferrin relevant to an inflammatory response are known to elicit leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in mesenteric venules. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether exogenously administered lactoferrin causes microvascular and mucosal injury in rat intestine and (2) to assess the contribution of adherent leukocytes to a lactoferrin-mediated injury process. Mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and vascular protein clearance were monitored in the distal intestine of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Macroscopic erosive lesions of the mucosa and increases in mucosal MPO and intestinal vascular protein were observed 2 h following the lactoferrin infusion, results consistent with granulocyte accumulation and microvascular protein leakage. These lactoferrin-induced alterations were significantly attenuated in animals pretreated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against P-selectin but not by an E-selectin-specific mAb. In another series of experiments, leukocyte adherence/emigration and leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin were measured in rat mesenteric venules using intravital video microscopy. Lactoferrin elicited increases in both leukocyte adhesion/emigration and albumin extravasation, which were attenuated by mAbs directed against P-selectin but not E-selectin. These observations indicate that (1) the lactoferrin released by activated neutrophils may lead to significant microvascular and mucosal injury or dysfunction and (2) the lactoferrin-induced injury is related to P-selectin-mediated adhesion of leukocytes to microvascular endothelium. Our results raise the possibility that neutrophil-derived lactoferrin contributes to the inflammatory response by promoting further granulocyte accumulation and activation and that mAbs to P-selectin may be therapeutically beneficial in inflammatory disorders.
Crystal Structure of a High-Affinity Variant of Rat α-Parvalbumin (2004)

In model peptide systems, Ca2+ affinity is maximized in EF-hand motifs containing four carboxylates positioned on the +x and -x and +z and -z axes; introduction of a fifth carboxylate ligand reduces the affinity. However, in rat beta-parvalbumin, replacement of Ser-55 with aspartate heightens divalent ion affinity [Henzl, M. T., et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 5856-5869]. The corresponding alpha-parvalbumin variant (S55D/E59D) likewise exhibits elevated affinity [Henzl, M. T., et al. (2003) Anal. Biochem. 319, 216-233]. To determine whether these mutations produce a variation on the archetypal EF-hand coordination scheme, we have obtained high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data for alpha S55D/E59D. As anticipated, the aspartyl carboxylate replaces the serine hydroxyl at the +z coordination position. Interestingly, the Asp-59 carboxylate abandons the role it plays as an outer sphere ligand in wild-type rat beta, rotating away from the Ca2+ and, instead, forming a hydrogen bond with the amide of Glu-62. Superficially, the coordination sphere in the CD site of alpha S55D/E59D resembles that in the EF site. However, the orientation of the Asp-59 side chain is predicted to stabilize the D-helix, which may contribute to the heightened divalent ion affinity. DSC data indicate that the alpha S55D/E59D variant retains the capacity to bind 1 equiv of Na+. Consistent with this finding, when binding measurements are conducted in K(+)-containing buffer, divalent ion affinity is markedly higher. In 0.15 M KCl and 0.025 M Hepes-KOH (pH 7.4) at 5 degrees C, the macroscopic Ca2+ binding constants are 1.8 x 10(10) and 2.0 x 10(9) M(-1). The corresponding Mg2+ binding constants are 2.7 x 10(6) and 1.2 x 10(5) M(-1).
High sensitivity multianalyte immunoassay using covalent DNA-labeled antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (1995)

A multianalyte immunoassay for simultaneous detection of three analytes (hTSH, hCG and beta-Gal) has been demonstrated using DNA-labeled antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of assay response. The labeled antibodies were prepared by covalently coupling uniquely designed DNA oligonucleotides to each of the analyte-specific monoclonal antibodies. Each of the DNA oligonucleotide labels contained the same primer sequences to facilitate co-amplification by a single primer pair. Assays were performed using a two-antibody sandwich assay format and a mixture of the three DNA-labeled antibodies. Dose-response relationships for each analyte were demonstrated. Analytes were detected at sensitivities exceeding those of conventional enzyme immunoassays by approximately three orders of magnitude. Detection limits for hTSH, beta-Gal and hCG were respectively 1 x 10(-19), 1 x 10(-17) and 1 x 10(-17) mol. Given the enormous amplification afforded by PCR and the existing capability to differentiate DNA based on size or sequence differences, the use of DNA-labeled antibodies could provide the basis for the simultaneous detection of many analytes at sensitivities greater than those of existing antigen detection systems. These findings in concert with previous reports suggest this hybrid technology could provide a new generation of ultra-sensitive multianalyte immunoassays.
Molecular Epidemiology of the Iron Utilization Genes of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (2004)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains are etiologic agents of acute and persistent diarrhea. In this study, the results of phenotypic assays suggested that EAEC strains possess specialized iron acquisition systems. Genes required for the synthesis (iucA) or transport (fepC) of siderophores, and genes encoding siderophore (fyuA, ireA, and iroN) or heme transport (chu) receptors or hemoglobin proteases (pic and hbp), were sought in EAEC strains which have been characterized with respect to known virulence genes and phylogeny. The chuA, iucA, fyuA, fepC, and pic genes were detected in 33, 76.2, 85.7, 33, and 61.9% of these EAEC strains, respectively, and the other genes were absent. The majority of EAEC strains possessed genes encoding multiple iron transport systems, and there was no phylogenetic correlation in the distribution of the majority of these loci, as is typical for EAEC. The notable exceptions were chuA and fepC (which is associated with the prrA-modA-fepC pathogenicity island); these genes were restricted to the EAEC2 and DAEC2 phylogenetic groups, which could represent pathogenic subsets. When collections of EAEC strains isolated during case-control studies in Nigeria and Brazil were examined, no association of the presence of either chuA or iucA alone with diarrhea was seen, but both genes together were present in significantly more strains from cases than from controls in the Nigerian collection (P < 0.05). It is possible that the presence of both genes marks at least some virulent strains. The data also demonstrate geographical variation in the association of iron utilization genes with disease in EAEC.
A Bacillus thuringiensis S-Layer Protein Involved in Toxicity against Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (2006)

The use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal Cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. In addition to Cry proteins, B. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including S-layer proteins (SLP), that contribute to virulence. The S layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array which completely covers the surfaces of many pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we report the identification of an S-layer protein by the screening of B. thuringiensis strains for activity against the coleopteran pest Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We screened two B. thuringiensis strain collections containing unidentified Cry proteins and also strains isolated from dead insects. Some of the B. thuringiensis strains assayed against E. varivestis showed moderate toxicity. However, a B. thuringiensis strain (GP1) that was isolated from a dead insect showed a remarkably high insecticidal activity. The parasporal crystal produced by the GP1 strain was purified and shown to have insecticidal activity against E. varivestis but not against the lepidopteran Manduca sexta or Spodoptera frugiperda or against the dipteran Aedes aegypti. The gene encoding this protein was cloned and sequenced. It corresponded to an S-layer protein highly similar to previously described SLP in Bacillus anthracis (EA1) and Bacillus licheniformis (OlpA). The phylogenetic relationships among SLP from different bacteria showed that these proteins from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus, B. anthracis, B. licheniformis, and B. thuringiensis are arranged in the same main group, suggesting similar origins. This is the first report that demonstrates that an S-layer protein is directly involved in toxicity to a coleopteran pest.
HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION PROTEINS IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES (1995)

Genetic recombination is common to all forms of life and involves the exchange of DNA sequences between two chromosomes or DNA molecules. Such exchanges contribute to the generation of genetic diversity and the repair of damaged DNA. There are two major classes of recombination, site-specific recombination and general or homologous recombination. In homologous recombination the joining of the DNA duplexes exhibits a similar degree of precision or fidelity but, generally speaking, does not take place at specific sites. Since exchange can occur anywhere along the length of two homologous chromosomes, it follows that the proteins that catalyze homologous recombination are not sequence- or site-specific binding proteins. This review focuses on genetic and biochemical analyses of homologous recombination proteins that carry out conjugational recombination in E. coli and meiotic recombination in eukaryotes.
Filter bank design based on time domain aliasing cancellation with non-identical windows (2002)

A new method of designing perfect reconstruction filter banks using analysis and synthesis windows that are not identical is presented. The filter bank design method is based on time domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC) introduced by Princen and Bradley (1986). In this proof, a generalisation of window design is achieved by removing the restrictions on window shapes. The present authors show that by utilising a post-processing amplitude equalisation window, perfect reconstruction can be maintained through control of aliasing cancellation alone. This allows a new degree of freedom for control of window shape and frequency domain selectivity. They also present an algebraic derivation of the perfect reconstruction requirements that allows the equalisation window to be merged into the synthesis process. Merging the two windows results in a perfect reconstruction filter bank that has non identical analysis and synthesis windows.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis with Endovascular Cooling in Patients with Traumatic Head Injury (2007)

Endovascular therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to preserve neurological function and improve outcomes; however, its use and potential complications have not been fully described in patients with traumatic head injuries. We believe that the use of endovascular cooling leads to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in this high-risk population. We performed a retrospective review of 11 patients with severe head injuries admitted to our Level I trauma center surgical intensive care unit who underwent intravascular cooling. Duplex sonograms were obtained after 4 days at catheter removal or with clinical symptoms that were suspicious for DVT. Patients had a mean age of 23.2 (range, 16-42) years and an Injury Severity Score of 31.9 (range, 25-43). The overall incidence of DVT was 50 per cent. The DVT rate was 33 per cent if catheters were removed in 4 days or less and 75 per cent if removed after 4 days (risk ratio = 2.25; odds ratio = 6; P = ns). An elevated international normalized ratio upon admission was protective against DVT (no DVT = 1.26 vs DVT = 1.09; P = 0.02). Inferior vena cava filters were placed in most patients with DVT. The use of endovascular cooling catheters is associated with increased risk of DVT in patients with traumatic head injuries. Therefore, we discourage the use of endovascular cooling devices in this patient population.
Silicon-on-insulator produced by helium implantation and thermal oxidation (1995)

A novel technique that produces a high quality low cost silicon-on-insulator is described. The method takes advantage of the formation of a buried porous layer in silicon implanted with light ions. Trenches are then formed in such a way that O2 can be transported into the cavities. Finally, an oxidation in dry O2 produces a buried oxide layer. Helium ions at energies of 40 or 300 keV and fluences up to 2×1017/cm2 were uniformly implanted into 5 in. silicon wafers. The oxidations were performed in a rapid thermal oxidation system by using dry O2 at a temperature of about 1000 °C and for times up to 5 min. Transmission electron microscopy on cross sectional samples revealed that high quality buried oxide layers were formed and defect free single crystal silicon remained at the surface.
MYB83 Is a Direct Target of SND1 and Acts Redundantly with MYB46 in the Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2009)

It has been proposed that the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is controlled by a transcriptional network mediated by SND1 and its close homologs. Uncovering all the transcription factors and deciphering their interrelationships in the network are essential for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of biosynthesis of secondary walls, the major constituent of wood and fibers. Here, we present functional evidence that the MYB83 transcription factor is another molecular switch in the SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. MYB83 is specifically expressed in fibers and vessels where secondary wall thickening occurs. Its expression is directly activated by SND1 and its close homologs, including NST1, NST2, VND6 and VND7, indicating that MYB83 is their direct target. MYB83 overexpression is able to activate a number of the biosynthetic genes of cellulose, xylan and lignin and concomitantly induce ectopic secondary wall deposition. In addition, its overexpression upregulates the expression of several transcription factors involved in regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis. Dominant repression of MYB83 functions or simultaneous RNAi inhibition of MYB83 and MYB46 results in a reduction in secondary wall thickening in fibers and vessels and a deformation of vessels. Furthermore, double T-DNA knockout mutations of MYB83 and MYB46 cause a lack of secondary walls in vessels and an arrest in plant growth. Together, these results demonstrate that MYB83 and MYB46, both of which are SND1 direct targets, function redundantly in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wall formation in fibers and vessels.
Furostanol Oligosides from Tamus communis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurostanol Oligosides from Tamus communisRita Aquino, Isabella Behar, Francesco de Simone, Mario D'agostino, and Cosimo PizzaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1986, 49, 6, 1096–1101Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50048a021https://doi.org/10.1021/np50048a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactivity of a Hypervalent Iodine Trifluoromethylating Reagent toward THF: Ring Opening and Formation of Trifluoromethyl Ethers (2010)

1-Trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (1) is able to transfer the electrophilic CF3 group to the oxygen atom of THF in the presence of a Lewis or Bro̷nsted acid. This results in a new ring-opening reaction of THF yielding trifluoromethyl ethers. Details of this reaction and the insight gained into the mechanism of action of reagent 1 are reported.
Regulation and specificity of glucose‐stimulated insulin gene expression in human islets of Langerhans (1987)

The insulin response of cultured human islets of Langerhans was measured at both mRNA and polypeptide levels in response to natural and pharmacological stimuli. We report a dosage dependent stimulation of both mRNA levels and insulin secretion by extracellular glucose, and present evidence that islet responsiveness can be divided into two temporal phases: an early response, apparently under post-transcriptional control, and a late phase in which insulin messenger accumulates. Although glucose effects in man are similar to rodents, there are important differences, especially with respect to modulation of glucose stimulation by activators of beta-cell protein kinases.
Device-directed Utterance Detection (2018)

In this work, we propose a classifier for distinguishing device-directed queries from background speech in the context of interactions with voice assistants.Applications include rejection of false wake-ups or unintended interactions as well as enabling wake-word free followup queries.Consider the example interaction: "Computer, play music", "Computer, reduce the volume".In this interaction, the user needs to repeat the wake-word (Computer) for the second query.To allow for more natural interactions, the device could immediately re-enter listening state after the first query (without wake-word repetition) and accept or reject a potential follow-up as device-directed or background speech.The proposed model consists of two long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks trained on acoustic features and automatic speech recognition (ASR) 1-best hypotheses, respectively.A feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) is then trained to combine the acoustic and 1-best embeddings, derived from the LSTMs, with features from the ASR decoder.Experimental results show that ASR decoder, acoustic embeddings, and 1-best embeddings yield an equal-error-rate (EER) of 9.3 %, 10.9 % and 20.1 %, respectively.Combination of the features resulted in a 44 % relative improvement and a final EER of 5.2 %.
The cost structure of sensemaking (1993)

Making sense of a body of data is a common activity in any kind of analysis. Sensemaking is the process of searching for a representation and encoding data in that representation to answer task-specific questions. Different operations during sensemaking require different cognitive and external resources. Representations are chosen and changed to reduce the cost of operations in an information processing task. The power of these representational shifts is generally under-appreciated as is the relation between sensemaking and information retrieval.
CXCR2 Expression in Tumor Cells Is a Poor Prognostic Factor and Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2012)

CXCR2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been studied mainly in stromal cells and is known to increase tumor inflammation and angiogenesis. Here, we examined the prognostic importance of CXCR2 in NSCLC and the role of CXCR2 and its ligands in lung cancer cells. The effect of CXCR2 expression on tumor cells was studied using stable knockdown clones derived from a murine KRAS/p53-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line with high metastatic potential and an orthotopic syngeneic mouse model and in vitro using a CXCR2 small-molecule antagonist (SB225002). CXCR2 protein expression was analyzed in tumor cells from 262 NSCLC. Gene expression profiles for CXCR2 and its ligands (CXCR2 axis) were analyzed in 52 human NSCLC cell lines and 442 human lung adenocarcinomas. Methylation of CXCR2 axis promoters was determined in 70 human NSCLC cell lines. Invasion and metastasis were decreased in CXCR2 knockdown clones in vitro and in vivo. SB225002 decreased invasion in vitro. In lung adenocarcinomas, CXCR2 expression in tumor cells was associated with smoking and poor prognosis. CXCR2 axis gene expression profiles in human NSCLC cell lines and lung adenocarcinomas defined a cluster driven by CXCL5 and associated with smoking, poor prognosis, and RAS pathway activation. Expression of CXCL5 was regulated by promoter methylation. The CXCR2 axis may be an important target in smoking-related lung adenocarcinoma.
Biologic TNF inhibiting agents for treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases: dosing patterns and related costs in Switzerland from a payers perspective (2012)

Marked differences in costs between subcutaneous and intravenous therapies were observed. Among the three groups of patients defined by TNF inhibitor treatment, costs for the infliximab group were highest during the year after the index event.