gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative Refraction at Visible Frequencies (2007)

Nanofabricated photonic materials offer opportunities for crafting the propagation and dispersion of light in matter. We demonstrate an experimental realization of a two-dimensional negative-index material in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum, substantiated by direct geometric visualization of negative refraction. Negative indices were achieved with the use of an ultrathin Au-Si3N4-Ag waveguide sustaining a surface plasmon polariton mode with antiparallel group and phase velocities. All-angle negative refraction was observed at the interface between this bimetal waveguide and a conventional Ag-Si3N4-Ag slot waveguide. The results may enable the development of practical negative-index optical designs in the visible regime.
Comprehensive Peroxidase-Based Hematologic Profiling for the Prediction of 1-Year Myocardial Infarction and Death (2010)

Comprehensive pattern recognition of high- and low-risk clusters of clinical, biochemical, and hematologic parameters provided incremental prognostic value in stable patients having elective diagnostic cardiac catheterization for 1-year risks of death and MI.
Calcium Ion-Dependent Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Fibrinogen: Preparation, Characterization, and Application to Fibrinogen Purification (1995)

We have produced a high-affinity monoclonal antibody classified as IgG1 with kappa-type light chains that recognizes the calcium ion(Ca2+)-dependent conformation of the D-domain of human fibrinogen. Binding of fibrinogen in solution to the insolubilized antibody increased in the presence of increasing concentrations of up to 2 mM Ca2+, the half-maximal binding being reached at 130 microM Ca2+. The dissociation constant was estimated to be 1.6 x 10(-8) M at 2 mM Ca2+. The antibody was found also to be dependent on other divalent metal ions including Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+, but not Ba2+, Mg2+ or Sr2+. The synthetic Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-amide peptide, which has recently been shown to bind to close proximity to the calcium binding site in the D-domain, was unable to elicit the conformation for the antigen to be recognized by this antibody. This antibody was found to be a suitable ligand for the immunoaffinity chromatography of normal and abnormal fibrinogens directly from citrated plasma depleted of the vitamin K-dependent proteins or heparinized plasma by eliminating the precipitation procedure widely adopted in conventional techniques of fibrinogen purification. Indeed, fibrinogen Marburg I with the A alpha chains depleted of the carboxy-terminal A alpha(461-610) residue segment has been purified by this technique, although this dysfibrinogen was difficult to purify by conventional precipitation techniques.
GAMMA ORYZANOL-A THERAPEUTIC AGENT. (2016)

Gamma oryzanol is a combination of ferulate, esters of fatty acid and triterpene alcohol which acts as an antioxidant against free radicals. It is present in rice bran oil however it also occurs in corn
Ceramic membranes for methane conversion (1994)

In conventional conversion of methane to syngas, a significant cost of the partial oxidation process is that of the oxygen plant. In this report, the authors offer a technology that is based on dense ceramic membranes and that uses air as the oxidant for methane-conversion reactions, thus eliminating the need for the oxygen plant. Certain ceramic materials exhibit both electronic and ionic conductivities (of particular interest is oxygen-ion conductivity). These materials transport not only oxygen ions (functioning as selective oxygen separators) but also electrons back from the reactor side to the oxygen/reduction interface. No external electrodes are required and if the driving potential of transport is sufficient, the partial-oxidation reactions should be spontaneous. Such a system will operate without an externally applied potential. Oxygen is transported across the ceramic material in the form of oxygen anions, not oxygen molecules. Long tubes of Sr-Fe-Co-O (SFC) membrane were fabricated by plastic extrusion, and thermal stability of the tubes was studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure and high-temperature XRD. Mechanical properties were measured and found to be acceptable for a reactor material. Fracture of certain SFC tubes was the consequence of an oxygen gradient that introduced a volumetric lattice difference betweenmore » the inner and outer walls. However, tubes made with a particular stoichiometry (SFC-2) provided methane conversion efficiencies of >99% in a reactor and some of these tubes have operated for up to {approx}1,000 h.« less
Structured uncertainty analysis of robust stability for spatially distributed systems (2002)

Considers one of the fundamental issues in design and analysis of sampled multidimensional systems-that of uncertainty modeling and robust stability analysis. The paper extends methods of structured uncertainty analysis (/spl mu/-analysis) towards spatially distributed system with dynamical and spatial coordinates. The main contribution with respect to earlier work in this area is in clarification of stability issues for multidimensional systems with noncausal coordinates. Here stability is understood in a broad sense and includes decay (localization) of system response along noncausal spatial coordinates. The presented framework allows to address such practically important issues as robustness of dynamical stability and spatial localization of multidimensional closed-loop feedback system response and boundary effects in a unified way.
12/10- and 11/13-Mixed Helices in α/γ- and β/γ-Hybrid Peptides Containing C-Linked Carbo-γ-amino Acids with Alternating α- and β-Amino Acids (2006)

New classes of alpha/gamma- and beta/gamma-hybrid peptides have been synthesized with novel 12/10- and 11/13-mixed helical patterns, respectively. The alpha/gamma-peptides were derived from the dipeptide repeats with alternating arrays of l-Ala and gamma-Caa((l)) (C-linked carbo-gamma-amino acid from d-mannose), which generated a new 12/10-mixed helix, for the first time, without a beta-amino acid. The beta/gamma-peptides made from an alternating arrangement of beta-Caa((x)) (C-linked carbo-beta-amino acid) and gamma-Caa((x)) (C-linked carbo-gamma-amino acid from d-xylose), on the other hand, resulted in an unprecedented 11/13-helix. The secondary structures in these peptides have been ascertained from detailed NMR studies, and CD spectroscopy and molecular dynamics investigations provided additional support for the structures derived.
Neuropeptides in Experimental and Degenerative Arthritis (2002)

Classical symptoms of both inflammatory and degenerative arthritides may contribute to neurogenic responses like wheal, flare, edema, and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with an immunogenetic background. Neurogenic inflammation has been considered to play an essential role in RA, in part because of the symmetrical involvement (cross-spinal reflexes) and the predominant involvement of the most heavily innervated small joints of the hands and the feet (highly represented in the hominiculus). In contrast, osteoarthritis (OA) is considered to arise as a result of degeneration of the hyaline articular cartilage, which secondarily results in local inflammation and pain. However, it is possible that the age-related and predominant (compared to nociceptive nerves) degeneration of the proprioceptive, kinesthetic and vasoregulatory nerves can represent the primary pathogenic events. This leads to progressive damage of tissue with extremely poor capacity for self-regeneration. Inflammation, be it primary/autoimmune or secondary/degenerative, leads to peripheral sensitization and stimulation, which may further lead to central sensitization, neurogenic amplification of the inflammatory responses and activation of the neuro-endocrine axis. Neuropeptides serve as messengers, which modulate and mediate the actions in these cascades. Accordingly, many neuropeptides have been used successfully as experimental treatments, most recently VIP, which effectively controlled collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Therefore, it can safely be concluded that better treatment/control of disease activity and pain can be achieved by blocking the cascade leading to initiation and/or amplification of inflammatory process combined with effects on central nociceptive and neuroendocrine responses.
<title>Near-infrared phosphorescent metalloporphyrins</title> (1997)

In the near infrared range fluorescent background signals are very small and it is possible to reach high sensitivity in the detection of labeled compounds. With phosphorescent compounds as labels, it is possible, firstly, to add microsecond temporal resolution for background rejection for NIR labels and thus to improve sensitivity. Secondly, compounds that are phosphorescent in NIR are very promising for oxygen life-time imaging of living tissue. Several different groups of palladium and zinc porphyrins and phthalocyanins (meso-tetraphenyl)-(tetrabezo)-porphyrin, meso-tetraphenyl-(tetranaphtho)-porphyrin, tetraazaporphyrins, phthalocyanines) which possess strong absorbance in NIR range were synthesized and analyzed for room temperature phosphorescent properties in organic solvents and in water solution. Among them only Pd- tetrabenzo-(tetraphenyl) porphyrins have high quantum efficiency (10%) with the life-time 328 us and excitation 630 nm, emission 800 nm. In the NIR spectral range water strongly quenches the long-lived phosphorescence of metalloporphyrins. Metalloporphyrins can form inclusion complex with cyclodextrines in which water quenching is almost eliminated. Quantum efficiency and life-time in cyclodextrin solutions are the same as in organic solvents. We analyzed the influence of three different cyclodextrines (alfa, beta and gamma) on the phosphorescent properties of Pd-porphyrins and highest enhancement of the phosphorescence signal occurred for hydroxypropilated (Beta) -cyclodextrin.
Design and Optimization of Pulsed Magnetic Field Generator for Cell Magneto-Permeabilization (2017)

Biological cell magneto-permeabilization is the phenomenon when the membrane of the cell increases permeability to molecules to which it was initially impermeable due to the exposure to high pulsed magnetic fields. Flexible high power electronics systems are required for triggering this effect. In this work, we have designed a high power (938 A, 2 kV) pulsed magnetic field generator (up to 5.5 T), which generates 10 μs–100 μs pulses with predefined repetition frequency of 1 Hz–100 Hz. We have applied SPICE and COMSOL Multiphysics modelling for design and development of the system, which showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The snubber and crowbar circuitry has been implemented for compensation and dampening of the transient processes on the switches, which allowed limiting the overvoltage to 0.25 kV. The multilayer inductor structure and design considerations are also presented in the study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.23.2.17994
Rock Strength Measurements on Cuttings as Input Data for Optimizing Drill Bit Selection (1999)

Abstract Selecting the most appropriate bit for any hole section is a key-feature in achieving superior drilling performance. The aim, to maximize hours on bottom and rate of penetration without jeopardizing safety and bit integrity, in order to improve and optimize performance. These factors have an enormous influence on the drilling and ultimately well economics. The most important factor to correctly select, or even design "ex novo", a bit, is to understand how the bit cutting structure effects the rocks to be drilled. These interactions depend on formation physical characteristics, mainly rock structure and nature, compressive strength, abrasiveness, wettability, under-overbalance etc. The conventional approach in bit selection is to derive actual expected performances on reference data such as previous runs or information from offset bit records. In this way, the achievement of improved performances and optimization may require a long time and much expense. Analyzing the formation characteristics while drilling directly on cuttings, we may obtain substantial information that lead to define the most suitable cutting structure for any specific hole section, leading to identification of the most suitable bit and saving valuable time and money. In order to reach this goal, a methodology has been developed, based on micro indentation tests on cuttings, to mechanically characterize formations. The compressive strength index values obtained by micro-indentation are then used by a Drill Bit Optimization System to aid Operators with the bit selection decision. This system uses lithological data and compressive strength values as input and provides bit class indication, together with bit hydraulic configurations and gage protection as output. After an introduction devoted to illustrate the indentation tests, focus will be given to the actual results of field tests. We will detail the methodology and the verification process as performed during the field tests, carried out in a very demanding environment in central-southern Italy, and will point out how it can be easily implemented at the rig site, practically at no extra cost. Furthermore, discussion will cover how the planning of new drilling activities may benefit from the results derived by the Drill Bit Optimization System, supplied with data from the micro indentation test eventually validated by E-logs, in order to maximize penetration rate and drilling efficiency.
Microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal cancer is not an independent prognostic factor (1999)

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is linked to an inherited defect in the DNA mismatch repair system. DNA from HNPCC tumours shows microsatellite instability (MSI). It has been reported that HNPCC patients have a better prognosis than patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. We examined whether the presence of MSI in a series of unselected colorectal tumours carries prognostic information. In a series of 181 unselected colorectal tumours, 22 tumours (12%) showed MSI. Survival analysis at 5-10 years follow-up showed no statistically significant difference in prognosis between MSI-positive and -negative tumours. Our results suggest that the MSI phenotype as such is not an independent prognostic factor.
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Ambient ionization has emerged as one of the hottest and fastest growing topics in mass spectrometry enabling sample analysis with minimal sample preparation. Introducing the subject and explaining the basic concepts and terminology, this book will provide a comprehensive, unique treatise devoted to the subject. Written by acknowledged experts, there are full descriptions on how new ionization techniques work, with an overview of their strengths, weaknesses and applications. This title will bring the reader right up to date, with both applications and theory, and will be suitable as a tutorial text for those starting in the field from a variety of disciplines.
Expression and activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary hypertension: role for PDE1 (2006)

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is associated with increased vascular resistance due to sustained contraction and enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC); the abnormal tone and remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature may relate, at least in part, to decreased cyclic nucleotide levels. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), of which 11 families have been identified, catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP. We tested the hypothesis that PASMC isolated from patients with PHT, either idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH), have increased expression and activity of PDE isoforms that reduce the responsiveness of agents that raise cellular cAMP. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that the expression of PDE1A, PDE1C, PDE3B, and PDE5A was enhanced in PASMC from both IPAH and SPH patients compared with control PASMC. Consistent with this enhanced expression of PDEs, agonist-stimulated cAMP levels were significantly reduced in IPAH and SPH PASMC unless a PDE inhibitor was present. The use of specific PDE inhibitors revealed that an increase in PDE1 and PDE3 activity largely accounted for reduced agonist-induced cAMP levels and increased proliferation in IPAH and SPH PASMC. Treatment with PDE1C-targeted small interference RNA enhanced cAMP accumulation and inhibited cellular proliferation to a greater extent in PHT PASMC than controls. The results imply that an increase in PDE isoforms, in particular PDE1C, contributes to decreased cAMP and increased proliferation of PASMC in patients with PHT. PDE1 isoforms may provide novel targets for the treatment of both primary and secondary forms of the disease.
Amplification and expression of the c‐erb B‐2/neu proto‐oncogene in human bladder cancer (1990)

The c-erb B-2/neu gene encodes a cell-surface glycoprotein with extensive homology to, but distinct from, the epidermal growth-factor receptor. In this study, we compared the c-erb B-2/neu gene amplification and expression of tissue specimens obtained from the bladders of normal controls and patients with high-grade transitional cell bladder carcinoma. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from 24 patients and 5 controls showed 2 cases of c-erb B-2/neu gene amplification in patients and none in controls. Western blot analysis demonstrated that c-erb B-2/neu was expressed in 67.6% (23/34) of patient specimens but in none of the controls (0/5). This finding agreed with the result of immunohistochemical staining, which showed that tissue from 74.3% (26/35) of the patients and none of the controls (0/7) showed positive immunofluorescence staining. This is the first report suggesting that c-erb B-2/neu gene amplification may be associated with human bladder carcinogenesis.
Tiny Actors, Great Roles: microRNAs in p53's Service (2007)

In the course of the last several years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have become a focus of great interest, owing to their unsuspected important roles in the regulation of many critical biological processes. Not surprisingly, miRNAs are also turning out to be intimately involved in cancer, through either excessive or decreased activity. A series of recent studies reveal a close link between miRNAs and the p53 tumor suppressor: as a transcription factor, p53 controls the expression of specific miRs, and this additional capacity of p53 contributes to its biological activities. This review will discuss the recent studies and their implications.
Geometric Resistance and Microvascular Network Architecture of Human Colorectal Carcinoma (1997)

The geometric flow resistance in neoplastic tissue is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that observed in normal tissues. A decrease in functional vascular cross-sectional area may explain the additional increase in resistance at small perfusion pressures. The observed flow resistance may be due to the specialized arteriolar and capillary network architecture, pressure exerted by proliferating cancer cells, and/or coupling between vascular and extravascular flow. These observations demonstrate that tumor vascularity alone may not be indicative of flow resistance or tumor susceptibility to blood-borne therapeutic agents.
Intracellular Rate-Limiting Steps in MHC Class I Antigen Processing (1999)

Quantitative aspects of the endogenous pathway of Ag processing and presentation by MHC class I molecules to CD8+ CTL were analyzed over a wide range of Ag expression in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells expressing beta-galactosidase as model Ag. Only the amount of starting Ag was varied, leaving other factors unaltered. Below a certain level of Ag synthesis, increasing protein amounts led to a sharp rise in recognition by CTL. Higher levels of Ag expression led to a saturation point, which intracellularly limited the number of naturally processed peptides bound to MHC and thereby also CTL recognition. The rate-limiting step was located at the binding of the antigenic peptide to MHC inside the vaccinia virus-infected cell or before this event.
Comparative immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of pancreatic polypeptide-like peptides with special reference to presence of neuropeptide Y in central and peripheral neurons (1984)

Antisera raised against porcine neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were characterized with regard to immunohistochemical staining, cross-reactivity to several pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-related peptides, and radioimmunoassayable tissue levels in the rat and pig. The NPY antiserum (102B) reacted with nerves in many areas of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, but it did not stain endocrine cells of the pancreas or intestine. No evidence for any cross-reactivity of the NPY antiserum with related peptides of the PP family, such as avian PP, bovine PP, PYY, gamma-MSH, FMRF-amide, or avian PP (31-36), was obtained. The NPY antiserum was N-terminally directed, and regional levels of NPY as seen by radioimmunoassay paralleled well the occurrence of NPY-immunoreactive structures seen in the immunohistochemical study. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the NPY-immunoreactive material from cerebral cortex and vas deferens had elution profiles similar to those of standard porcine NPY. The PYY antiserum mainly stained endocrine cells in the pancreas and intestine as well as a small neuron system in the brainstem of the rat. Although this antiserum had a slight cross-reactivity to NPY in radioimmunoassay, the neuronal PYY staining was separate from that of NPY. High levels of PYY were found in the intestine, and levels above the threshold were also seen in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat. The other antisera investigated (raised against avian PP, bovine PP, gamma-MSH, and FMRF-amide) caused neuronal staining that was abolished by preabsorption with NPY. This was also seen even if no detectable cross-reactivity with NPY was found in radioimmunoassay. These latter antisera also stained endocrine cells in the pancreas and intestine with complex cross-reactivity relationships, suggesting the presence of intestinal PP-like peptides in addition to PYY and NPY.
Progress in triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology and self-powered sensors (2015)

A review on the principles, novel applications and perspectives of triboelectric nanogenerators as power sources and as self-powered sensors.