gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Is a Differentiation Factor for Postmitotic CNS Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Precursors: Distinct Actions from Those of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (1998)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been reported previously to promote the proliferation, survival, and maturation of sympathetic neuroblasts, the genesis of retinal neurons, and the survival of CNS projection and motor neurons. Here we asked whether IGF-I could promote the in vitro differentiation of postmitotic mammalian CNS neuronal precursors derived from multipotent epidermal growth factor (EGF)-responsive stem cells. In the absence of IGF-I, virtually no neurons were present in cultured stem cell progeny, whereas IGF-I increased neuron number by eight- to 40-fold. Brief exposures (2 hr) to IGF-I were sufficient to allow for neuronal differentiation without affecting proliferation or survival. IGF-I actions could be mimicked by insulin and IGF-II at concentrations that correspond to the pharmacology of the IGF-I receptor, the latter for which the mRNA was detected in undifferentiated stem cell progeny. Although ineffectual alone at low concentrations (10 nM) that would activate its own receptor, insulin was able to potentiate the actions of IGF-I by acting on mitotically active neural precursors. When neuronal precursor differentiation by IGF-I was examined in relation to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two important observations were made: (1) BDNF could potentiate the differentiating actions of IGF-I plus insulin, and (2) BDNF could act on a separate population of precursors that did not require IGF-I plus insulin for differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that IGF-I and BDNF may act together or sequentially to promote neuronal precursor differentiation.
Rising Incidence of Reflux Oesophagitis in Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (2003)

This study clearly shows that the incidence of reflux oesophagitis shows a marked increase. The incidence doubled in a period of ten consecutive years. This data should be kept in mind in planning future health-care resources. It can be expected that the use of acid suppressive therapy will be rising in the years to come.
Long-range, collision-induced hyperpolarizabilities of atoms or centrosymmetric linear molecules: Theory and numerical results for pairs containing H or He (1996)

For atoms or molecules of D∞h or higher symmetry, this work gives equations for the long-range, collision-induced changes in the first (Δβ) and second (Δγ) hyperpolarizabilities, complete to order R−7 in the intermolecular separation R for Δβ, and order R−6 for Δγ. The results include nonlinear dipole-induced-dipole (DID) interactions, higher multipole induction, induction due to the nonuniformity of the local fields, back induction, and dispersion. For pairs containing H or He, we have used ab initio values of the static (hyper)polarizabilities to obtain numerical results for the induction terms in Δβ and Δγ. For dispersion effects, we have derived analytic results in the form of integrals of the dynamic (hyper)polarizabilities over imaginary frequencies, and we have evaluated these numerically for the pairs H...H, H...He, and He...He using the values of the fourth dipole hyperpolarizability ε(−iω; iω, 0, 0, 0, 0) obtained in this work, along with other hyperpolarizabilities calculated previously by Bishop and Pipin. For later numerical applications to molecular pairs, we have developed constant ratio approximations (CRA1 and CRA2) to estimate the dispersion effects in terms of static (hyper)polarizabilities and van der Waals energy or polarizability coefficients. Tests of the approximations against accurate results for the pairs H...H, H...He, and He...He show that the root mean square (rms) error in CRA1 is ∼20%–25% for Δβ and Δγ; for CRA2 the error in Δβ is similar, but the rms error in Δγ is less than 4%. At separations ∼1.0 a.u. outside the van der Waals minima of the pair potentials for H...H, H...He, and He...He, the nonlinear DID interactions make the dominant contributions to Δγzzzz (where z is the interatomic axis) and to Δγxxxx, accounting for ∼80%–123% of the total value. Contributions due to higher-multipole induction and the nonuniformity of the local field (Qα terms) may exceed 15%, while dispersion effects contribute ∼4%–9% of the total Δγzzzz and Δγxxxx. For Δγxxzz, the α term is roughly equal to the nonlinear DID term in absolute value, but opposite in sign. Other terms in Δγxxzz are smaller, but they are important in determining its net value because of the near cancellation of the two dominant terms. When Δγ is averaged isotropically over the orientations of the interatomic vector to give Δγ̄, dispersion effects dominate, contributing 76% of the total Δγ̄ (through order R−6) for H...H, 81% for H...He, and 73% for He...He.
RNA Silencing of Checkpoint Regulators Sensitizes p53 -Defective Prostate Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy while Sparing Normal Cells (2005)

p53 is frequently mutated in patients with prostate cancer, especially in those with advanced disease. Therefore, the selective elimination of p53 mutant cells will likely have an impact in the treatment of prostate cancer. Because p53 has important roles in cell cycle checkpoints, it has been anticipated that modulation of checkpoint pathways should sensitize p53-defective cells to chemotherapy while sparing normal cells. To test this idea, we knocked down ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene by RNA interference in prostate cancer cell lines and in normal human diploid fibroblasts IMR90. ATM knockdown in p53-defective PC3 prostate cancer cells accelerated their cell cycle transition, increased both E2F activity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and compromised cell cycle checkpoints, which are normally induced by DNA damage. Consequently, PC3 cells were sensitized to the killing effects of the DNA-damaging drug doxorubicin. Combining ATM knockdown with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 further increased doxorubicin sensitivity in these cells. In contrast, the same strategy did not sensitize either IMR90 or LNCaP prostate cancer cells, both of which have normal p53. However, IMR90 and LNCaP cells became more sensitive to doxorubicin or doxorubicin plus UCN-01 when both p53 and ATM functions were suppressed. In addition, knockdown of the G(2) checkpoint regulators ATR and Chk1 also sensitized PC3 cells to doxorubicin and increased the expression of the E2F target gene PCNA. Together, our data support the concept of selective elimination of p53 mutant cells by combining DNA damage with checkpoint inhibitors and suggest a novel mechanistic insight into how such treatment may selectively kill tumor cells.
Monolithic integration of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP enhancement- and depletion-mode high electron mobility transistors (2002)

A process for the monolithic integration of enhancement- and depletion-mode high electron mobility transistors (E/D-HEMTs) in the lattice-matched InAlAs/InGaAs/lnP material system is reported for gate lengths ranging from 0.3 /spl mu/m to 1.0 /spl mu/m. The E-HEMTs with a 0.3 /spl mu/m gate length exhibit a threshold voltage of +187 mV and a maximum DC extrinsic transconductance of 625 mS/mn, while a threshold voltage of -443 mV and a transconductance of 462 mS/mm are measured for D-HEMTs of the same gate length. Variations of threshold voltage for all devices under study was minimal, with the 0.3 /spl mu/m gate length devices showing a standard deviation of 12 mV for the D-HEMTs and only 7 mV for the E-HEMTs. The devices demonstrate excellent RF performance, with the 0.3 /spl mu/m E-HEMTs exhibiting a unity current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub t/) of 95 GHz, and the 0.3 /spl mu/m D-HEMTs yielding a nearly identical f/sub t/ of 102 GHz. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of high speed monolithically integrated E/D HEMTs on lattice-matched InP-based materials.
Robot Technology Fundamentals (1998)

From the Publisher:
Robot Technology Fundamentals covers all the practical aspects, disciplines and latest developments of industrial robots and presents them in a simple, logical and gradually progressive manner. Principles and techniques are introduced by practical examples rather than by abstract theory. The content not only discusses current technology but emphasizes the technology of the future. Each chapter ends with a summary, questions and problems as well as a list of reference material for additional learning.
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Instructor's Guide, ISBN: 0-8273-8237-
Functionality of amidines and amidrazones (2008)

The review summarizes literature dealing with the synthesis of amidines and amidrazones including some of their physical and chemical properties along with their applications in heterocycles synthesis.
Variants of CARD15 are Associated with an Aggressive Clinical Course of Crohn's Disease-An IG-IBD Study (2005)

In our population, both familial and sporadic CD patients carrying at least one major variant of CARD15 had an aggressive clinical course.
Particle-modified polymeric cladding on glass optical fibers enhances radial light scattering (2019)

Radially light-emitting optical fibers are of increasing interest for applications in medicine, visible aesthetics, and environmental remediation. Optical fibers contain a light guiding core coated by protective polymer layers (cladding and coating), which assure both the strength and flexibility of the optical fiber. This paper examines the feasibility of scattering light radially from fibers by loading the fiber cladding with particle scattering centers during the optical fiber fabrication process. This work uses an in-line full-scale scalable facility to coat the fibers and control the polymer cladding and silica sphere. Loadings up to 2.0 wt. % of 500 nm silica particles on the cladding of the optical fiber led to an average of 80 times higher scattering for visible light and up to 30 times higher in the UVA wavelength range compared against cladding without particle modifications. This study illustrated the feasibility of fabricating broadband light scattering optical fibers for use with modified polymeric cladding.
Hereditary Deficiency of Lactate Dehydrogenase H-Subunit. (1996)

We report herein the fifth family of hereditary deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) H-subunit with an autosomal recessive inheritance including two cases of complete deficiency. Their LDH activities were low both in the serum and in the red blood cells (RBC). Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the patients with the complete deficiency had only the LDH5 isozyme. The complete deficiency was associated with marked elevation of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) and dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) and a less marked rise in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P) among glycolytic intermediates in the RBC. Furthermore, hemolysis was observed in the present cases, but this finding was not included in the other reports.
Photochemistry of carbocyanine alkyltriphenylborate salts: intra-ion-pair electron transfer and the chemistry of boranyl radicals (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of carbocyanine alkyltriphenylborate salts: intra-ion-pair electron transfer and the chemistry of boranyl radicalsSubhanakar Chatterjee, Paul D. Davis, Peter Gottschalk, Michael E. Kurz, Bjorn Sauerwein, Xiqiang Yang, and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 17, 6329–6338Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00173a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00173a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views804Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Food restriction reduces brain damage and improves behavioral outcome following excitotoxic and metabolic insults (1999)

Food restriction (FR) in rodents is known to extend life span, reduce the incidence of age-related tumors, and suppress oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in several organ systems. Excitotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment are believed to play major roles in the neuronal degeneration and death that occurs in the brains of patients suffering from both acute brain insults such as stroke and seizures, and chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. We now report that FR (alternate-day feeding regimen for 2-4 months) in adult rats results in resistance of hippocampal neurons to excitotoxin-induced degeneration, and of striatal neurons to degeneration induced by the mitochondrial toxins 3-nitropropionic acid and malonate. FR greatly increased the resistance of rats to kainate-induced deficits in performance in water-maze learning and memory tasks, and to 3-nitropropionic acid-induced impairment of motor function. These findings suggest that FR not only extends life span, but increases resistance of the brain to insults that involve metabolic compromise and excitotoxicity.
Characterization of Human Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) and CDK13 Complexes in C-Terminal Domain Phosphorylation, Gene Transcription, and RNA Processing (2015)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) and CDK12 have each been demonstrated to phosphorylate the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) at serine 2 of the heptad repeat, both in vitro and in vivo. CDK9, as part of P-TEFb and the super elongation complex (SEC), is by far the best characterized of CDK9, CDK12, and CDK13. We employed both in vitro and in vivo assays to further investigate the molecular properties of CDK12 and its paralog CDK13. We isolated Flag-tagged CDK12 and CDK13 and found that they associate with numerous RNA processing factors. Although knockdown of CDK12, CDK13, or their cyclin partner CCNK did not affect the bulk CTD phosphorylation levels in HCT116 cells, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that CDK12 and CDK13 losses in HCT116 cells preferentially affect expression of DNA damage response and snoRNA genes, respectively. CDK12 and CDK13 depletion also leads to a loss of expression of RNA processing factors and to defects in RNA processing. These findings suggest that in addition to implementing CTD phosphorylation, CDK12 and CDK13 may affect RNA processing through direct physical interactions with RNA processing factors and by regulating their expression.
INSULIN PRODUCES A BIPHASIC RESPONSE INTETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILABY STIMULATING CELL SURVIVAL AND ACTIVATING PROLIFERATION IN TWO SEPARATE CONCENTRATION INTERVALS (1996)

Cells of Tetrahymena may produce autocrine signal molecules with effects on survival and proliferation. Here we have tested the effects of human recombinant and bovine insulin, and the B22-B30 fragment of bovine insulin over a wide range of concentrations (10(-5)-10(-18) M) on cell survival and proliferation in a synthetic nutrient medium. The cells were grown in conical flasks at low initial cell densities (40 and 400 cells/ml). Insulin prevented rapid cell death and/or promoted cell proliferation over two separate concentration ranges: down to nanomolar levels and again in the low pico- and femtomolar range. At an initial population density of 400 cells/ml the cells multiplied at both concentration intervals. At 40 or fewer organisms/ml the cells multiplied in the high concentration interval, whereas in the low interval they survived for about four times longer than those in the control cultures. B22-B30 added to cultures of 40 initial cells/ml produced a stimulation of cell survival in the low pico- and high femtomolar range. In the presence of hemin (50 nM) cells at 400 initial organisms/ml multiplied at insulin concentrations down to about 3 nM and again from 300 am to 10 pM. In some cases, hemin plus insulin activated cell proliferation between the two concentration intervals as well. At 40 cells/ml the cells not only survived but proliferated in the femtomolar range. Cells in cultures supplemented with both hemin and B22-B30 multiplied at the low concentration interval (from about 100 fM to 10 pM).
Quantification of carotid stenosis on CT angiography. (2006)

There is a linear relationship between millimeter carotid stenosis diameter and derived percent stenosis. This allows prediction of NASCET-type percent from millimeter stenosis.
High Mobility Strained Ge pMOSFETs With High-$\kappa$ /Metal Gate (2007)

Compressively strained Ge long channel ring-type pMOSFETs with high-kappa Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN gate stacks are fabricated on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> virtual substrates. Effective oxide thickness is approximately 1.4 nm with low gate leakage current. A peak hole mobility of 640 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / Vldrs and up to a four times enhancement over the Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> universal curve are observed. Parasitic conduction within the Si-cap layers degrades the mobility at large vertical fields, although up to a 2.5 times enhancement over universal remains at a field of 0.9 MV/cm.
An IoT electric business model based on the protocol of bitcoin (2015)

Nowadays, the development of traditional business models become more and more mature that people use them to guide various kinds of E-business activities. Internet of things(IoT), being an innovative revolution over the Internet, becomes a new platform for E-business. However, old business models could hardly fit for the E-business on the IoT. In this article, we 1) propose an IoT E-business model, which is specially designed for the IoT E-business; 2) redesign many elements in traditional E-business models; 3) realize the transaction of smart property and paid data on the IoT with the help of P2P trade based on the Blockchain and smart contract. We also experiment our design and make a comprehensive discuss.
Herpes simplex virus 1 RNA-binding protein US11 negatively regulates the accumulation of a truncated viral mRNA (1991)

The US11 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encodes a site-specific, basic, RNA-binding protein. The viral RNA sequences bound by US11 protein precipitated by a monoclonal antibody hybridized to a 1.3-kb BamHI C' fragment of the HSV-1 genome. This fragment encodes a US11-regulated transcript which accumulates to high level in the cells infected with US11- virus but not in cells infected with wild-type virus. This transcript, designated delta 34, is a truncated form of the mRNA encoding an essential protein encoded by the UL34 open reading frame. The US11 protein was shown to bind delta 34 RNA at or near its 3' terminus. The nucleotide sequence of the region surrounding the termination of transcription of delta 34 RNA transcription suggests that the latter may be the product of transcriptional attenuation. US11 protein resembles the tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus with respect to size, charge, nucleolar accumulation, and possibly effect on accumulation of its target RNA but does not share with it discernible sequence homology.
Peace in Tatters: Israel, Palestine and the Middle East (2007)

Peace in Tatters: Israel, Palestine and the Middle East, by Yoram Meital. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006. 253 pp. $22.95. Meital has written a detailed and nuanced political history of how the hope for Israeli-Palestinian embodied in the Oslo agreements (1993) deteriorated into the Al-Aksa Intafada (2000) and the recognition that the peace process had failed by 2004, replaced by a policy of unilateral disengagement. The book focuses mainly on the period 2000-2004, beginning with Prime Minister Ehud Barak's attempt to push forward a comprehensive all-at-once blueprint for a peace. The account moves through the failed Camp David summit (Arafat, Barak, Clinton) in fall 2000 and its aftermath (the alAqsa Intifada, renewed terrorism, resignation to having no partner with whom to pursue peace), the impact on the region of the 9/11/01 al-Qaeda attacks on American targers and subsequent U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, the Arab League proposal that was immediately quashed by an escalation of attacks on civilians, expanded U.S. and quartet involvement in pushing for steps toward (late 2002), culminating in U.S. President Bush'sroadmap unveiled in 2003, along with expanded track (unofficial) talks between groups of Palestinians and Israelis, the most prominent of which was the Geneva Initiative headed by Sari Nusseibeh and Ami Ayalon (2003). The book ends with consideration of two major unilateral steps by Israel, the building of the separation barrier (wall, fence) which was taking shape during 2004, and the plan for withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and a small area of the West Bank which also became policy during 2004. The year (and the book's analysis) ended with the death of Yasser Arafat, Palestine Authority Chairman and PLO leader, in November. The last entry in Meital's chronology of key events (Appendix 1) is the election of Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen) to replace Arafat in January 2005. The book's greatest virtue is its attempt to describe political developments from both Palestinian and points of view. He addresses each side's dominant narratives on many of the major political developments in the tenyear period, devoting parallel discussions to the views inside Israel and inside Palestine. While a word count would reveal that more attention is paid to the situation than to the Palestinian, the book is unique in that an scholar, trained in Middle East studies, tries to understand and explain the actions of both parties to the conflict. Moreover, he strives to overcome a problem of analysis identified right at the beginning of the book: Israeli and Palestinian leaders both attributed great weight to domestic political constraints yet found it very difficult to appreciate the constraints on the other side (p. …