gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of harvest and selected cartilage repair procedures on the physical and biochemical properties of articular cartilage in the canine knee (2000)

This study utilizes a canine model to quantify changes in articular cartilage 15-18 weeks after a knee joint is subjected to surgical treatment of isolated chondral defects. Clinical and experimental treatment of articular cartilage defects may include implantation of matrix materials or cells, or both. Three cartilage repair methods were evaluated: microfracture, microfracture and implantation of a type-II collagen matrix, and implantation of an autologous chondrocyte-seeded collagen matrix. The properties of articular cartilage in other knee joints subjected to harvest of articular cartilage from the trochlear ridge (to obtain cells for the cell-seeded procedure) were also evaluated. Physical properties (thickness, equilibrium compressive modulus, dynamic compressive stiffness, and streaming potential) and biochemical composition (hydration, glycosaminoglycan content, and DNA content) of the cartilage from sites distant to the surgical treatment were compared with values measured for site-matched controls in untreated knee joints. No significant differences were seen in joints subjected to any of the three cartilage repair procedures. However, a number of changes were induced by the harvest operation. The largest changes (displaying up to 3-fold increases) were seen in dynamic stiffness and streaming potential of patellar groove cartilage from joints subjected to the harvest procedure. Whether the changes reported will lead to osteoarthritic degeneration is unknown, but this study provides evidence that the harvest procedure associated with autologous cell transplantation for treatment of chondral defects may result in changes in the articular cartilage in the joint.
Ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients for adoptive immunotherapy (2012)

Establishing Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes(EBV-CTLs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) for adoptive immunotherapy has been reported in EBV-associated malignancies including Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). In the current study, we performed ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs) obtained from NPC biopsy specimens with a rapid expansion protocol using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody(OKT3), recombinant human interleukin(IL)-2, and irradiated PBMCs from healthy donors to initiate the growth of TILs. Young TIL cultures comprised of more than 90% of CD3+ T cells, a variable percentage of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells, and less than 10% of CD3-CD16+ natural killer cells, a similar phenotype of EBV-CTL cultures from PBMCs. Interestingly, TIL cultures secreted high levels of the Th1 cytokines, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and low levels of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, young TILs could recognize autologous EBV-transformed B lymphoblast cell lines, but not autologous EBV-negative blast cells or allogeneic EBV-negative tumor cells. Taken together, these data suggest that ex vivo expansion of TILs from NPC biopsy tissue is an appealing alternative method to establish T cell-based immunotherapy for NPC.
Introduction to Microlithography (1983)

Soon after the invention of the point contact transistor over three decades ago, several important technological trends were rapidly established. First, a technology known as planar junction technology (1) was developed; the development of this technology permitted the construction of p-n junctions in a semiconductor material without the use of bulky, three-dimensional contact devices. Within a few years, silicon had become the dominant material for semiconductor fabrication, and photolithography was established as the technique of choice in fabricating planar, silicon devices. Numerous volumes have been written about the chemistry and physics of semiconductor devices and of materials for semiconductor manufacturing (2-4). Much less information has been compiled concerning the processing steps involved in semiconductor device fabrication, especially in the area of lithography.
Evaluation and application of 600V GaN HEMT in cascode structure (2013)

Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) has matured dramatically over the last few years. More and more devices have been manufactured and field in applications ranging from low power voltage regulator to high power infrastructure base-stations. Compared to the state of art silicon MOSFET, GaN HEMT has much better figure of merit and is potential for high frequency application. In general, 600V GaN HEMT is intrinsically normally-on device. To easily apply depletion mode GaN HEMT in circuit design, a low voltage silicon MOSFET is in series to drive the GaN HEMT, which is well known as cascode structure. This paper studies the characteristics and operation principles of 600V cascode GaN HEMT. Evaluations of GaN HEMT performance based on Buck converter under hard-switching and soft-switching conditions are presented. Experimental results illustrate that GaN HEMT is superior than silicon MOSFET but still needs soft-switching in high frequency operation due to considerable package and layout parasitic inductors and capacitors. Then GaN HEMT is applied to a 1MHz 300W 400V/12V LLC converter. Comparison of experimental results with state of art silicon MOSFET is provided to validate the advantages of GaN HEMT.
A Glycyl Radical Site in the Crystal Structure of a Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase (1999)

Ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Three classes have been identified, all using free-radical chemistry but based on different cofactors. Classes I and II have been shown to be evolutionarily related, whereas the origin of anaerobic class III has remained elusive. The structure of a class III enzyme suggests a common origin for the three classes but shows differences in the active site that can be understood on the basis of the radical-initiation system and source of reductive electrons, as well as a unique protein glycyl radical site. A possible evolutionary relationship between early deoxyribonucleotide metabolism and primary anaerobic metabolism is suggested.
Bacteria classification using Cyranose 320 electronic nose (2002)

This type of bacteria data analysis and feature extraction is very difficult. But we can conclude that this combined use of three nonlinear methods can solve the feature extraction problem with very complex data and enhance the performance of Cyranose 320.
Role of Anticonvulsant and Antiepileptogenic Neurosteroids in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Epilepsy (2011)

This review highlights the role of major endogenous neurosteroids in seizure disorders and the promise of neurosteroid replacement therapy in epilepsy. Neurosteroids are endogenous modulators of seizure susceptibility. Neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one) and allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) are positive modulators of GABA-A receptors. Aside from peripheral tissues, neurosteroids are synthesized within the brain, mostly in principal neurons. Neurosteroids potentiate synaptic GABA-A receptor function and also activate δ-subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors that mediate tonic currents and thus may play an important role in neuronal network excitability and seizure susceptibility. Our studies over the past decade have shown that neurosteroids are broad-spectrum anticonvulsants and confer seizure protection in various animal models. They protect against seizures induced by GABA-A receptor antagonists, 6-Hz model, pilocarpine-induced limbic seizures, and seizures in kindled animals. Unlike benzodiazepines, tolerance does not occur to their actions during chronic administration. Our recent studies provide compelling evidence that neurosteroids may have antiepileptogenic properties. There is emerging evidence that endogenous neurosteroids may play a key role in the pathophysiology of catamenial epilepsy, stress-sensitive seizure conditions, temporal lobe epilepsy, and alcohol-withdrawal seizures. It is suggested that neurosteroid replacement with natural or synthetic neurosteroids may be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. Synthetic analogs of neurosteroids that are devoid of hormonal side effects show promise in the treatment of diverse seizure disorders. Agents that stimulate endogenous production of neurosteroids may also be useful for treatment of epilepsy.
A New Biometric Technology Based on Mouse Dynamics (2007)

In this paper, we introduce a new form of behavioral biometrics based on mouse dynamics, which can be used in different security applications. We develop a technique that can be used to model the behavioral characteristics from the captured data using artificial neural networks. In addition, we present an architecture and implementation for the detector, which cover all the phases of the biometric data flow including the detection process. Experimental data illustrating the experiments conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed detection technique are presented and analyzed. Specifically, three series of experiments are conducted. The main experiment, in which 22 participants are involved, reproduces real operating conditions in computing systems by giving participants an individual choice of operating environments and applications; 284 hours of raw mouse data are collected over 998 sessions, with an average of 45 sessions per user. The two other experiments, involving seven participants, provided a basis for studying the confounding factors arising from the main experiment by fixing the environment variables. In the main experiment, the performance results presented using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a confusion matrix yield at the crossover point (that is, the threshold set for an equal error rate) a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 2.4649 percent and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 2.4614 percent.
Arabidopsis Mutants with a Reduced Seed Dormancy (1996)

The development of seed dormancy is an aspect of seed maturation, the last stage of seed development. To isolate mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that are affected in this process, we selected directly for the absence of dormancy among freshly harvested M2 seeds. The screen yielded two mutants exhibiting a reduced dormancy, rdo1 and rdo2, that are specifically affected in dormancy determined by the embryo. The rdo1 and rdo2 mutants show normal levels of abscisic acid and the same sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin as the wild type. The rdo2 mutant but not the rdo1 mutant has a reduced sensitivity to the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor tetcyclacis. Double-mutant analysis suggested that the RDO1 and RDO2 genes are involved in separate pathways leading to the development of dormancy. We assume that the RDO2 gene controls a step in the induction of dormancy that is most likely induced by abscisic acid and is expressed as an increase of the gibberellin requirement for germination.
Secure deletion of data from magnetic and solid-state memory (1996)

With the use of increasingly sophisticated encryption systems, an attacker wishing to gain access to sensitive data is forced to look elsewhere for information. One avenue of attack is the recovery of supposedly erased data from magnetic media or random-access memory. This paper covers some of the methods available to recover erased data and presents schemes to make this recovery significantly more difficult. 1.
Homoallylic amines related to zimeldine. Comparative study on neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake based on conformational analysis (1988)

A number of tertiary and secondary homoallylic amines, i.e. (Z)- and (E)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)-3-buten-1-ylamines, were synthesized in diastereomerically pure forms. The compounds were evaluated as neuronal norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitors under in vitro and ex vivo conditions and compared with the tricyclics amitriptyline and nortriptyline having homoallylic side chains and with the corresponding diastereomers in the zimeldine series having allylic side chains. The Z isomers of the new homoallylic derivatives (3Z, 4Z) were specific 5-HT uptake inhibitors in analogy with the corresponding allylic derivatives zimeldine (1Z) and norzimeldine (2Z). Likewise, the selectivity profile of the homoallylic (3E, 4E) and the allylic (1E, 2E) derivatives was comparable. In general, the homoallylic compounds were less potent inhibitors than their allylic counterparts. The similarities and discrepancies were evaluated in terms of conformational preferences determined by CAMSEQ molecular mechanics calculations. Homonorzimeldine (4Z) can accommodate energetically favored, but less populated, conformations having amino nitrogen atom to aromatic ring center distances comparable to those in norzimeldine. These facts correlate to retained 5-HT selectivity but diminished potency of 4Z compared to 2Z.
Strained N-Channel FinFETs with 25 nm Gate Length and Silicon-Carbon Source/Drain Regions for Performance Enhancement (2006)

We report the demonstration of 25 nm gate length L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> tri-gate FinFETs with Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.99</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.01</sub> source and drain (S/D) regions. The strain-induced mobility enhancement due to the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.99</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.01</sub> S/D leads to a drive current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> improvement of 20% at a fixed off-state current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> of 1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> A/mum. With additional channel strain engineering, FinFETs incorporating Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.99</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.01</sub> S/D and a tensile-stress silicon nitride (SiN) capping etch-stop layer (ESL) achieve an I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement of 56%
Electrical stimulation induces calcium‐dependent release of NGF from cultured Schwann cells (2009)

Production of nerve growth factor (NGF) from Schwann cells (SCs) progressively declines in the distal stump, if axonal regeneration is staggered across the suture site after peripheral nerve injuries. This may be an important factor limiting the outcome of nerve injury repair. Thus far, extensive efforts are devoted to modulating NGF production in cultured SCs, but little has been achieved. In the present in vitro study, electrical stimulation (ES) was attempted to stimulate cultured SCs to release NGF. Our data showed that ES was capable of enhancing NGF release from cultured SCs. An electrical field (1 Hz, 5 V/cm) caused a 4.1-fold increase in NGF release from cultured SCs. The ES-induced NGF release is calcium dependent. Depletion of extracellular or/and intracellular calcium partially/ completely abolished the ES-induced NGF release. Further pharmacological interventions showed that ES induces calcium influx through T-type voltage-gated calcium channels and mobilizes calcium from 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores and caffeine/ryanodine-sensitive stores, both of which contributed to the enhanced NGF release induced by ES. In addition, a calcium-triggered exocytosis mechanism was involved in the ES-induced NGF release from cultured SCs. These findings show the feasibility of using ES in stimulating SCs to release NGF, which holds great potential in promoting nerve regeneration by enhancing survival and outgrowth of damaged nerves, and is of great significance in nerve injury repair and neuronal tissue engineering.
Phase I study of low-dose suramin as a chemosensitizer in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (2003)

Low-dose suramin does not increase the toxicity of paclitaxel/carboplatin combination. The suramin dose can be calculated based on clinical parameters. Because of the preliminary antitumor activity observed, efficacy studies in chemonaive and chemorefractory patients are under way.
SATE Pronucleotide Approaches: An Overview (2004)

This review depicts in vitro and in vivo results obtained with nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) bearing S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups as esterase-labile phosphate protections. New developments are illustrated by the design of mononucleoside mixed phosphoester derivatives leading to the selective intracellular delivery of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide through two different enzyme-mediated activation steps.
Award (1970)

Julinda Abu Nasr Receives the Asahi Reading Promotion Award, 1994, for the Portable Library Project
The lost art of listening: how learning to listen can improve relationships Michael P Nichols The lost art of listening: how learning to listen can improve relationships Guilford Press £11.95 314pp 9781593859862 1593859864 (2011)

THIS SELF-HELP guide expands on the basic truism that it is good to talk. But we need to listen, too. Michael nichols asserts that talking without listening is merely the first level of interchange, where all that is really being expended is hot air. He looks at what it means to listen and discusses some interesting conflicts of interest and differences of interpretation between men and women.
Next-generation sequencing analysis of receptor-type tyrosine kinase genes in surgically resected colon cancer: identification of gain-of-function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene (2018)

In the publication of this article [1], there is an error in Fig. 7. The minus and plus signals are inverted which impairs understanding of the results described.
Glycoproteins (1970)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Treatment of vitamin D-resistant rickets with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (1972)

The clinical usefulness of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcifediol, 25-HCC) was determined in three patients with vitamin D-resistant rickets (familial x-linked recessive in two, and familial autosomal dominant in one). Two patients responded favorably to calcifediol (4,000 to 5,000 units/day) by the following criteria: They showed a net retention of calcium and phosphorus. Gastrointestinal absorption of calcium increased. Urinary excretion of phosphorus and the endogenous phosphorus clearance decreased. In one patient (with familial hypophosphatemia) serum phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity returned towards normal; urinary total hydroxyproline increased and nondialyzable hydroxyproline decreased. The third patient (with familial hypophosphatemia) responded to calcifediol during the first 16 days of treatment with increases in serum phosphorus concentration and in urinary calcium excretion. However, he became resistant to calcifediol as treatment was continued.
Direct bonding of quartz crystal onto silicon (1993)

A new method to bond a quartz crystal onto a silicon substrate, fabricating a quartz-crystal-on-silicon resonator, is reported together with its fabrication process, interface microstructure, and resonant characteristics. A one-chip quartz crystal oscillator employing the quartz-crystal-on-silicon resonator for mobile communication is also suggested.
Fcγ Receptor Dependency of Agonistic CD40 Antibody in Lymphoma Therapy Can Be Overcome through Antibody Multimerization (2014)

Immunomodulatory mAbs, led by the anti-CTLA4 mAb ipilimumab, are an exciting new class of drugs capable of promoting anticancer immunity and providing durable control of some tumors. Close analysis of a number of agents has revealed a critical yet variable role for Fcγ receptors in their efficacy. In this article, we reveal that agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs have an absolute requirement for cross-linking by inhibitory FcγRIIB when used systemically to treat established BCL1 syngeneic lymphoma, and therapy is lost when using a mouse IgG2a mAb not cross-linked by FcγRIIB. Furthermore, in FcγRIIB-deficient mice the lymphoma itself can provide FcγRIIB to cross-link anti-CD40 on neighboring cells, and only when this is blocked does therapy fail. The dependence on FcγRIIB for immunostimulatory activity was not absolute, however, because when anti-CD40 mAbs were administered systemically with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or were given subcutaneously, activatory FcγR could also provide cross-linking. Using this mechanistic insight, we designed multimeric forms of anti-CD40 mAb with intrinsic FcγR-independent activity that were highly effective in the treatment of lymphoma-bearing mice. In conclusion, FcγR-independent anti-CD40 activation is a viable strategy in vivo. These findings have important translational implications, as humans, unlike mice, do not have IgG that binds strongly to FcγRIIB; therefore FcγR-independent derivatives represent an attractive therapeutic option.
Efficient Spectral Envelope Estimation and its application to pitch shifting and envelope preservation (2005)

cote interne IRCAM: Roebel05b
Protein remote homology detection based on latent topic vector model (2010)

Remote homology detection between protein sequences is a central problem in computational biology. The discriminative method incorporating Support Vector Machine (SVM) is one of the most effective methods. Many of SVM-based methods focus on finding useful representations of protein sequences, using either explicit feature vector representations or kernel functions. In this paper, we focuses on feature extraction and efficient representation of protein vectors for SVM protein classification. The experiment uses protein database from Structural Classification of Proteins version(SCOP) 1.53 with latent topic extraction technique (Latent Dirichlet Allocation model) which is an efficient feature extraction technique from natural language processing. The basic building blocks of our model are word documents generated from protein sequence by N-gram segmentation and filtered by TF-IDF method. Then the LDA phase applies on these documents for latent topic extraction while the SVM method acts as a classifier of latent topic. In our experiment, the LDA-SVM model outperforms than LSA-SVM model in the previous research.