gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3.1: Distinguished Paper : 12.1‐Inch WXGA AMOLED Display Driven by Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide TFTs Array (2008)

Abstract The full color 12.1‐inch WXGA active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was, for the first time, demonstrated using indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) as an active‐matrix back plane. It was found that the fabricated AMOLED display did not suffer from the well‐known pixel non‐uniformity of luminance, even though the simple structure consisting of 2 transistors and 1 capacitor was adopted as a unit pixel circuit, which was attributed to the amorphous nature of IGZO semiconductor. The n‐channel a‐IGZO TFTs exhibited the field‐effect mobility of 8.2 cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage of 1.1 V, on/off ratio of &gt; 10 8 , and subthreshold gate swing of 0.58 V/decade. The AMOLED display with a‐IGZO TFT array would be promising for large size applications such as note PC and HDTV because a‐IGZO semiconductor can be deposited on large glass substrate (&gt; Gen. 7) using conventional sputtering system.
Two Carbocyclic Locked Nucleic Acid Analogues Give Structural Information about the Role of Hydration in A-Type Duplexes (2007)

Two locked nucleic acid (LNA) analogues with three-carbon 2'-4' linkages, saturated or unsaturated, are synthesized using a ring-closing metathesis based strategy. Strongly stabilized duplexes with complementary RNA and slightly destabilized duplexes with complementary DNA are observed. CD-spectroscopy indicates a less pronounced shift toward A-type duplexes compared to LNA. These results combining a strong N-type conformation with the absence of a 2'-oxygen demonstrate a stronger importance of minor groove hydration in an intermediate duplex type than in an A-type duplex.
Mechanical Trapping of DNA in a Double-Nanopore System (2016)

Nanopores have become ubiquitous components of systems for single-molecule manipulation and detection, in particular DNA sequencing where electric field driven translocation of DNA through a nanopore is used to read out the DNA molecule. Here, we present a double-pore system where two nanopores are drilled in parallel through the same solid-state membrane, which offers new opportunities for DNA manipulation. Our experiments and molecular dynamics simulations show that simultaneous electrophoretic capture of a DNA molecule by the two nanopores mechanically traps the molecule, increasing its residence time within the nanopores by orders of magnitude. Remarkably, by using two unequal-sized nanopores, the pore of DNA entry and exit can be discerned from the ionic current blockades, and the translocation direction can be precisely controlled by small differences in the effective force applied to DNA. The mechanical arrest of DNA translocation using a double-pore system can be straightforwardly integrated into any solid-state nanopore platform, including those using optical or transverse-current readouts.
Synthesis and Conformation Control of Peptide Ribonucleic Acid (PRNA) Containing 5′-Amino-5′-deoxyribopyrimidine and 5′-Amino-5′-deoxyribopurinenucleosides (2004)

A novel nucleic acid model, a peptide ribonucleic acid (PRNA) tethering 5′-amino-5′-deoxypyrimidine ribonucleoside as a recognition site for nucleic acids, was designed and synthesized. It was demonstrated that the recognition behavior of PRNA could be controlled externally through switching the orientation of the pyrimidine nucleobase of PRNA induced by added borates. We extended this methodology of controlling the nucleobase orientation and recognition behavior of novel mono- and oligomeric PRNAs containing not only 5′-amino-5′-deoxypyrimidinenucleosides but also 5′-amino-5′-deoxypurinenucleosides. In the case of PRNA oligomer containing pyrimidine-purine mixed sequence, efficient orientation switching of nucleobases induced by added borates was also observed.
Synthesis of Multiple Answer Evaluation Measures using a Machine Learning Technique for a QA System (2005)

The authors performed 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS) to depict lipids in the liver of 10 healthy volunteers. Spectra were obtained by a 1.5 T-MR unit, with STEAM from 1 x 1 x 1 cm3 VOI. Lipid peaks were depicted in 7 of the 10 volunteers by breath-holding 1H-MRS study, while in only 4 on normal breathing. The existence of lipids could not be depicted through chemical shift imaging adopting in-phase & opposed images. This suggests a clinical utility of 1H-MRS, particularly through breath-holding studies, in depicting lipids from 1 x 1 x 1 cm3 VOI in the liver in vivo.
Humanization of immunotoxins. (1992)

The construction and expression of a chimeric gene encoding a mouse/human antibody to the human transferrin receptor fused to the gene for angiogenin, a human homolog of pancreatic RNase, are described. F(ab')2-like antibody-enzyme fusions were prepared by linking the gene for human angiogenin to a chimeric anti-transferrin receptor heavy chain gene. The antibody-enzyme fusion gene was introduced into a transfectoma that secretes the chimeric light chain of the same antibody, and cell lines were cloned that synthesize and secrete the antibody-enzyme fusion protein of the expected size at a concentration of 1-5 ng/ml. Culture supernatants from clones secreting the fusion protein caused inhibition of growth and protein synthesis of K562 cells that express the human transferrin receptor but not toward a non-human-derived cell line that lacks this receptor. Whereas excess antibody to the same receptor did not itself inhibit protein synthesis, it was able to completely prevent the protein synthesis inhibition caused by the fusion protein. These results indicate that the cytotoxicity is due to a transferrin receptor-mediated mechanism involving the angiogenin portion of the fusion protein and demonstrate the feasibility of constructing recombinant antibody-RNase molecules capable of killing tumor cells bearing the transferrin receptor. The significance of the acquired cytotoxicity of a mouse/human chimeric antibody linked to a human protein may bear importantly in human therapeutic strategies that use mouse antibodies linked to toxins from plants or bacteria to target tumor cells. It is expected that the humanization of immunotoxins will lead to less toxicity and immunogenicity than currently available reagents.
Secretion and processing of insulin precursors in yeast. (1986)

A series of dibasic insulin precursors including proinsulin was expressed and secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant plasmids were constructed to encode fusion proteins consisting of a modified mating factor alpha 1 leader sequence and an insulin precursor. The leader sequence serves to direct the fusion protein into the secretory pathway of the cell and to expose it to the Lys-Arg processing enzyme system. The secreted peptides were purified from the fermentation broth and characterized by sequencing and amino acid analysis. Processing at one or both dibasic sequences was shown in proinsulin and in other insulin precursors containing a short spacer peptide in place of the C peptide. In contrast, no processing was observed in the absence of a spacer peptide in the insulin precursor molecule, e.g., B-Lys-Arg-A (where A and B are the A and B chain of human proinsulin, respectively). This type of single-chain insulin precursors isolated from such constructions could be enzymatically converted into insulin by treatment with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. The above results suggest that the C-peptide region of proinsulin serves to direct the trypsin-like converting enzyme to process at the two dibasic sequences. We propose that in hormone precursors in general the spacer peptides serve to expose dibasic sequences for processing.
Interaction of divalent cations with .beta.-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) (1979)

Although the addition of various divalent metals to beta-galactosidase resulted in apparent activation, only Mg2+ and Mn2+ actually did activate. The apparent activation by the other divalent metals was shown to be due to Mg2+ impurities. Calcium did not activate, but experiments suggested that it did bind. Other divalent metals which were studied failed to bind. The dissociation constants for Mg2+ and Mn2+ were 2.8 X 10(-7) and 1.1 X 10(-8) M, respectively, and in each case one ion bound per monomer. These constants corresponded very closely to apparent values which were obtained from activation studies. The apparent binding constant for Ca2+, obtained from competition studies, was 1.5 X 10(-5) M. Data were obtained which showed that Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ all compete for binding at a single site. Of interest and of possible molecular biological importance was the observation that, while Mg2+ bound noncooperatively (n = 1.0), Mn2+ did so in a highly cooperative manner (n = 3.4). The binding of Mn2+ (as compared to Mg2+) resulted in a twofold drop in the Vmax for the hydrolysis and transgalactosylis reactions of lactose but had little effect on the Vmax of hydrolysis of allolactose, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG), or o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG); Km values were not effected differently for any of the substrates by Mn2+ as compared to Mg2+. When very low levels of divalent metal ions were present (0.01 M EDTA added) or when Ca2+ was bound with lactose as the substrate, a greater decrease was observed in the rate of the transgalactosylic reaction than in the rate of the hydrolytic reaction, and the Km values for lactose and ONPG were increased. Of the three divalent metal ions which bound to beta-galactosidase, only Mn2+ had significant stabilizing effects toward denaturing urea and heat conditions.
Frequent activation of the Ki‐ras oncogene at codon 12 in N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced rat prostate adenocarcinomas and neurogenic sarcomas (1991)

Rat neoplasms induced by methylating carcinogens frequently contain ras genes activated by a single point mutation. Rat prostatic tumors induced by a combination of a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and long-term treatment with testosterone were examined for the presence of such activating point mutations in ras genes. These tumors, which arose exclusively in the dorsolateral prostate, included both adenocarcinomas and sarcomas. Activating mutations in codon 12 of the Ki-ras gene were found in 7 of 10 carcinomas and 4 of 5 sarcomas, using selective oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no mutated Ha-ras oncogenes were detected. The presence of PCR-engineered Hphl restriction sites created by the existence of a G35----A mutation in the rat Ki-ras oncogene identified the mutation as a GC----AT transition at the second position of codon 12. Production of O6-methylguanine adducts in the Ki-ras codon 12 followed by base mispairing during replicative DNA synthesis is thus the likely molecular mechanism of initiation of prostatic carcinogenesis by MNU in the rat. Three of the four sarcomas positive for the Ki-ras G35----A mutation were immunohistochemically defined as of Schwann cell origin, indicating that involvement of the ras gene family is possible in tumorigenesis of this cell lineage. Loss of the wild-type Ki-ras allele was also observed in all four of these sarcomas.
Analysis of low frequency oscillation and source location in power systems (2018)

The major problem in current online diagnosis and analysis for power system oscillation is mainly concerned with finding the oscillation source in a fast and correct way using the data collected by the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). This paper for the first time proposes a scheme of cut set energy based on WAMS. Independent of accurate parameters, the scheme can make full use of WAMS data based on cut set energy construction and fast calculation to locate the source during oscillation. Afterwards, a scheme of torque decomposition is proposed, based on which the controller's torque can be divided into damping torque and synchronous torque by calculation through WAMS data, and this paper puts forward the abnormal response and simulation models calibration of influential controllers. Analysis of an oscillation case shows how the cut set energy scheme and the torque decomposition scheme are applied in a real-world power system, and the schemes are proven to be reliable and practical in identifying and locating oscillation sources.
Hydrophobins: the protein-amphiphiles of filamentous fungi (2005)

Hydrophobins are surface active proteins produced by filamentous fungi. They have a role in fungal growth as structural components and in the interaction of fungi with their environment. They have, for example, been found to be important for aerial growth, and for the attachment of fungi to solid supports. Hydrophobins also render fungal structures, such as spores, hydrophobic. The biophysical properties of the isolated proteins are remarkable, such as strong adhesion, high surface activity and the formation of various self-assembled structures. The first high resolution three dimensional structure of a hydrophobin, HFBII from Trichoderma reesei, was recently solved. In this review, the properties of hydrophobins are analyzed in light of these new data. Various application possibilities are also discussed.
Intramolecular nitrogen-phosphorus interactions of phosphate esters (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular nitrogen-phosphorus interactions of phosphate estersDean F. Bushey, Brenda F. Johnson, and Jamin HuangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 12, 2091–2095Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00212a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (640 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Theory of protein secondary structure and algorithm of its prediction (1983)

Abstract A molecular theory of protein secondary structure is presented that takes account of both local interactions inside each chain region and long‐range interactions between different regions, incorporating all these interactions in a single Ising‐like model. Local interactions are evaluated from the stereochemical theory describing the relative stabilities of α‐ and β‐structures for different residues in synthetic polypeptides, while long‐range effects are approximated by the interaction of each chain region with the averaged hydrophobic template. Based on this theory, an algorithm of protein secondary structure prediction is proposed and examples are given of “blind” predictions made before the x‐ray structural data became available.
Semantic indexing of multimedia using audio, text and visual cues (2003)

We describe methods for automatic labeling of high-level semantic concepts in documentary style videos. The emphasis of this paper is on audio processing and on fusing information from multiple modalities. The work described represents initial work towards a trainable system that acquires a collection of generic "intermediate" semantic concepts across modalities (such as audio, video, text) and combines information from these modalities for automatic labeling of a "high-level" concept. Initial results suggest that multi-modal fusion achieves a 12.5% relative improvement over the best unimodal model.
Adding a spatial dimension to postnatal ventricular-subventricular zone neurogenesis (2015)

Neurogenesis does not stop abruptly at birth, but persists in specific brain regions throughout life. The neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the largest germinal region of the forebrain, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), replenish olfactory neurons throughout life. However, V-SVZ NSCs are heterogeneous: they have different embryonic origins and give rise to distinct neuronal subtypes depending on their location. In this Review, we discuss how this spatial heterogeneity arises, how it affects NSC biology, and why its consideration in future studies is crucial for understanding general principles guiding NSC self-renewal, differentiation and specification.
Database and display algorithms for interactive visualization of architectural models (1993)

This thesis describes a system for interactive walkthroughs of large, fully furnished architectural models. &lt;p&gt;Realistic-looking architectural models with furniture may consist of millions of polygons and require gigabytes of data -- far more than today's workstations can render at interactive frame rates or fit into memory simultaneously. In order to achieve interactive walkthroughs of such large building models, a system must store in memory and render only a small portion of the model in each frame; that is, the portion seen by the observer. As the observer "walks" through the model, some parts of the model become visible and others become invisible; some objects appear larger and others appear smaller. The challenge is to identify the relevant portions of the model, swap them into memory and render them at interactive frame rates as the observer's viewpoint is moved under user control. &lt;p&gt;We have developed data structures and algorithms for identifying a small portion of a large model to render and store in memory during each frame of an interactive walkthrough. Our algorithms rely upon an efficient display database that represents a building model as a set of objects, each of which can be described at multiple levels of detail. The database also contains an index of spatial cells with precomputed cell-to-cell and cell-to-object visibility information. &lt;p&gt;As the observer moves through the model during an interactive walkthrough, visibility information for the cell containing the observer is fetched from the display database and used by dynamic culling algorithms to identify a small superset of objects potentially visible to the observer. An optimization algorithm is used to select a level of detail and rendering algorithm with which to display each potentially visible object in order to meet a user-specified target frame time. Meanwhile, memory management algorithms are used to predict observer motion and to pre-fetch objects from disk that may become visible during upcoming future frames. &lt;p&gt;We have implemented an interactive building walkthrough system using these data structures and algorithms. During tests, this system is able to maintain over ten frames per second with little noticeable detail elision during interactive walkthroughs of a building model containing over one million polygons
Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of a thermophilic lipase from Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1 (2000)

A thermophilic lipase of Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1 was cloned and sequenced. The lipase gene codes 416 amino acid residues and contains the conserved pentapeptide Ala-X-Ser-X-Gly as other Bacillus lipase genes. The optimum temperature of the lipase is 75°C, which is higher than other known Bacillus lipases. For expression in Escherichia coli, the lipase gene was subcloned in pET-22b(+) vector with a strong T7 promoter. Lipase activity was approximately 1.4-fold greater than under the native promoter.
VITAMIN D STIMULATES PROLACTIN SYNTHESIS BY CH4C1CELLS INCUBATED IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM (1982)

GH4C1 cells were evaluated as a model system for the investigation of the cellular and molecular mode of action of vitamin D. When cells were incubated in hormone-free, chemically defined medium, the metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) potently stimulated PRL synthesis (ED50 = 2 x 10(-10) M) with minimal effects on GH synthesis. The stimulation of PRL synthesis was vitamin D metabolite specific. The effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was dependent on the addition of extracellular calcium in the concentration range up to 0.1 mM. These results indicate the potential usefulness of this experimental system for the study of vitamin D action.
Characterization of a free-living maize-rhizosphere population of Burkholderia cepacia: effect of seed treatment on disease suppression and growth promotion of maize (1998)

A &lt;it&gt;Burkholderia cepacia&lt;/it&gt; population naturally occurring in the rhizosphere of &lt;it&gt;Zea mays&lt;/it&gt; was evaluated by metabolic and molecular profiling and for some traits associated with biocontrol and plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. The purpose was to investigate the potential of this bacterial species closely associated with maize to act as a PGP inoculant. The bacterial strains, isolated on semiselective PCAT medium, were assigned to the species &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; by an analysis of the restriction patterns produced by amplified DNA encoding 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) (ARDRA) with the enzyme &lt;it&gt;Alu&lt;/it&gt;I. Biodiversity among the 14 &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; isolates was analyzed by the Biolog GN system and by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with two 10-mer primers. The analysis of the Biolog data revealed that all rhizosphere &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; strains formed a tight phenetic cluster which includes &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; LMG 11351, a reference strain isolated from the maize rhizosphere, and allowed us to distinguish single isolates from one another. The analysis of RAPD patterns allowed us to identify two principal groups in this bacterial population. Other tests included in vitro inhibition of the maize pathogens &lt;it&gt;Fusarium&lt;/it&gt; spp., analysis of siderophore production, bioassay using maize seeds coated with &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; in soil artificially infested with the maize pathogens &lt;it&gt;Fusarium&lt;/it&gt; spp., and greenhouse-based plant growth promotion experiments with maize. The data obtained demonstrated that all &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; strains displayed a wide antibiosis against the phytopathogenic fungi studied and produced, under low iron conditions, hydroxamate-like and thiazo-like siderophores. Moreover, the bioassay allowed us to select six and eight &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; strains with a potential for the biological control of &lt;it&gt;F. proliferatum&lt;/it&gt; ITEM-381 and &lt;it&gt;F. moniliforme&lt;/it&gt; ITEM-504, respectively. Growth promotion experiments showed that the effect of seed bacterization with &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; isolates on maize growth depended on the potting medium used. When a sand-peat/manure mixture was used, almost all &lt;it&gt;B. cepacia&lt;/it&gt; isolates promoted maize growth; whereas, when the soil collected from the field of bacterial isolations was used, only four strains exerted a positive effect on maize growth.