gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-Specific Immobilization of Molecularly Engineered Dihydrofolate Reductase to Gold Surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite-Specific Immobilization of Molecularly Engineered Dihydrofolate Reductase to Gold SurfacesStephen J. Vigmond, Masahiro Iwakura, Fumio Mizutani, and Tatsuo KatsuraCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 9, 2860–2862Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00021a003https://doi.org/10.1021/la00021a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reprogrammable CRISPR/Cas9-based system for inducing site-specific DNA methylation (2016)

Advances in sequencing technology allow researchers to map genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in development and disease. However, there is a lack of experimental tools to site-specifically manipulate DNA methylation to discern the functional consequences. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9 DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) fusion to induce DNA methylation at specific loci in the genome. We induced DNA methylation at up to 50% of alleles for targeted CpG dinucleotides. DNA methylation levels peaked within 50 bp of the short guide RNA (sgRNA) binding site and between pairs of sgRNAs. We used our approach to target methylation across the entire CpG island at the CDKN2A promoter, three CpG dinucleotides at the ARF promoter, and the CpG island within the Cdkn1a promoter to decrease expression of the target gene. These tools permit mechanistic studies of DNA methylation and its role in guiding molecular processes that determine cellular fate.
Magnetically Actuated Soft Capsule With the Multimodal Drug Release Function (2013)

In this paper, we present a magnetically actuated multimodal drug release mechanism using a tetherless soft capsule endoscope for the treatment of gastric disease. Because the designed capsule has a drug chamber between both magnetic heads, if it is compressed by the external magnetic field, the capsule could release a drug in a specific position locally. The capsule is designed to release a drug in two modes according to the situation. In the first mode, a small amount of drug is continuously released by a series of pulse type magnetic field (0.01-0.03 T). The experimental results show that the drug release can be controlled by the frequency of the external magnetic pulse. In the second mode, about 800 mm<sup>3</sup> of drug is released by the external magnetic field of 0.07 T, which induces a stronger magnetic attraction than the critical force for capsule's collapsing. As a result, a polymeric coating is formed around the capsule. The coated area is dependent on the drug viscosity. This paper presents simulations and various experiments to evaluate the magnetically actuated multimodal drug release capability. The proposed soft capsules could be used as minimally invasive tetherless medical devices with therapeutic capability for the next generation capsule endoscopy.
Human Rhinovirus Type 14:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) V3 Loop Chimeras from a Combinatorial Library Induce Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses against HIV-1 (1998)

ABSTRACT In an effort to develop a useful AIDS vaccine or vaccine component, we have generated a combinatorial library of chimeric viruses in which the sequence IGPGRAFYTTKN from the V3 loop of the MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is displayed in many conformations on the surface of human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14). The V3 loop sequence was inserted into a naturally immunogenic site of the cold-causing HRV14, bridged by linkers consisting of zero to three randomized amino acids on each side. The library of chimeric viruses obtained was subjected to a variety of immunoselection schemes to isolate viruses that provided the most useful presentations of the V3 loop sequence for potential use in a vaccine against HIV. The utility of the presentations was assessed by measures of antigenicity and immunogenicity. Most of the immunoselected chimeras examined were potently neutralized by each of the four different monoclonal anti-V3 loop antibodies tested. Seven of eight chimeric viruses were able to elicit neutralizing antibody responses in guinea pigs against the MN and ALA-1 strains of HIV-1. Three of the chimeras elicited HIV neutralization titers that exceeded those of all but a small number of previously described HIV immunogens. These results indicate that HRV14:HIV-1 chimeras may serve as useful immunogens for stimulating immunity against HIV-1. This method can be used to flexibly reconstruct varied immunogens on the surface of a safe and immunogenic vaccine vehicle.
Chromatin Insulators and Boundaries: Effects on Transcription and Nuclear Organization (2001)

Chromatin boundaries and insulators are transcriptional regulatory elements that modulate interactions between enhancers and promoters and protect genes from silencing effects by the adjacent chromatin. Originally discovered in Drosophila, insulators have now been found in a variety of organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. They have been found interspersed with regulatory sequences in complex genes and at the boundaries between active and inactive chromatin. Insulators might modulate transcription by organizing the chromatin fiber within the nucleus through the establishment of higher-order domains of chromatin structure.
Synchronizing processors with memory-content-generated interrupts (1973)

Implementations of the “Lock-Unlock” method of synchronizing processors in a multiprocessor system usually require uninterruptable, memory-pause type instructions. An interlock scheme called read-interlock, which does not require memory-pause instructions, has been developed for a dual DEC PDP-10 system with real-time requirements. The read-interlock method does require a special “read-interlock” instruction in the repertoire of the processors and a special “read-interlock” cycle in the repertoire of the memory modules. When a processor examines a “lock” (a memory location) with a read-interlock instruction, it will be interrupted if the lock was already set; examining a lock immediately sets it if it was not already set (this event sequence is a read-interlock cycle). Writing into a lock clears it. Having the processor interrupted upon encountering a set lock instead of branching is advantageous if the branch would have resulted in an effective interrupt.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones from peripheral blood and from tumor site detect intratumor heterogeneity of melanoma cells. Analysis of specificity and mechanisms of interaction. (1989)

CTL clones isolated from PBL or from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of a melanoma patient (pt665) were screened for specificity on a panel including autologous tumor cells from two distinct metastases (Me665/1, Me665/2), autologous EBV-transformed B cells and 15 allogeneic cell lines of different histology. Each clone displayed a peculiar cytolytic activity ranging from lysis of most targets (PBL clone 4C4) to preferential reactivity on the two autologous metastases (TIL clone 8B3). Blocking and modulation experiments, revealed that the lysis of autologous-Tu cells by TIL clone 8B3, but not by PBL clone 4C4, could be inhibited by mAb to HLA-class I and to CD3 Ag or by CD3 complex modulation. Clone 8B3 was tested also on a panel of 25 tumor clones from Me665/2, revealing that only 4 neoplastic clones were lysed (2/4, 2/14, 2/17, and 2/51). Cold target competition experiments indicated that the uncloned autologous melanomas and one tumor clone (2/17), but no two other tumor clones (2/10, 2/15), could compete with one another for lysis by 8B3. Determination of melanin content of tumor clones from Me665/2 revealed that the four neoplastic clones recognized by 8B3 possessed much lower melanin levels than all the other 20 clones not lysed by this effector.
Map-based wikis as contextual and cultural mediators (2009)

In this paper, we introduce map-based wikis describing the contextual and cultural mediation performed by them. Such virtual interactive systems allow users, having different cultural backgrounds, different expertise and roles, and using different devices, to create and manage a shared knowledge base. The mediation activity made by map-based wikis is cultural in that users that belong to different cultures and speaking different languages can access the same knowledge base and share their knowledge with the others, and contextual because of the ability of the system to mediate between users acting different roles and between users that access the system with different devices, mobile and desktop. The discussion is made concrete by the example of Valchiavenna BANCO Prototype.
Load transfer in carbon nanotube epoxy composites (1998)

The mechanical behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites was studied in both tension and compression. It was found that the compression modulus is higher than the tensile modulus, indicating that load transfer to the nanotubes in the composite is much higher in compression. In addition, it was found that the Raman peak position, indicating the strain in the carbon bonds under loading, shifts significantly under compression but not in tension. It is proposed that during load transfer to multiwalled nanotubes, only the outer layers are stressed in tension whereas all the layers respond in compression.
Successful treatment of high titer inhibitors in mild hemophilia A with avoidance of factor VIII and immunosuppressive therapy (2001)

We describe two patients with mild hemophilia A (MHA) who developed high titer inhibitor (HTI) following intensive recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) concentrate replacement for surgery and trauma. Intranasal desmopressin was instituted shortly following immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) in one case, and following APCC alone in the second case. Avoidance of factor VIII (FVIII) coupled with intranasal desmopressin prophylaxis three times a week resulted in undetectable inhibitor levels. Both patients have had no further bleeding episodes and have been maintained on desmopressin prophylaxis prior to activity for the past 2 to 3 years. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) was used successfully prior to a second surgery in one patient without complication.
Caspase-2 Induces Apoptosis by Releasing Proapoptotic Proteins from Mitochondria (2002)

Caspase-2 is one of the earliest identified caspases, but the mechanism of caspase-2-induced apoptosis remains unknown. We show here that caspase-2 engages the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway by inducing the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and other mitochondrial apoptogenic factors into the cell cytoplasm. In support of these observations we found that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can block caspase-2- and CRADD (caspase and RIP adaptor with death domain)-induced cell death. Unlike caspase-8, which can process all known caspase zymogens directly, caspase-2 is completely inactive toward other caspase zymogens. However, like caspase-8, physiological levels of purified caspase-2 can cleave cytosolic Bid protein, which in turn can trigger the release of Cyt c from isolated mitochondria. Interestingly, caspase-2 can also induce directly the release of Cyt c, AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), and Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases protein) from isolated mitochondria independent of Bid or other cytosolic factors. The caspase-2-released Cyt c is sufficient to activate the Apaf-caspase-9 apoptosome in vitro. In combination, our data suggest that caspase-2 is a direct effector of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Chaperone-like activity of nanoparticles of hydrophobized poly(vinyl alcohol) (2007)

Amphiphilic poly(vinyl alcohol) randomly grafted with hydrophobic methacryloyl groups can form micelle-like particles by intra and interpolymeric association. Self-aggregation behaviour of the hydrophobically-modified polymer was investigated. The hydrophobized nanoparticles assist carbonic anhydrase B (CAB) refolding in a manner similar to the mechanism of molecular chaperones, namely by catching and releasing the protein. Irreversible CAB thermal denaturation is prevented by nanoparticle complexation and recovery of almost 100% of enzymatic activity is triggered by the ability of β-cyclodextrin to interact with the hydrophobic moieties. Structural and functional properties of micelle-like particles were discussed and interpreted in view of the stability and architecture of hydrophobic nanodomains.
An overview of CDMA evolution toward wideband CDMA (1998)

Third-generation mobile radio networks, often dubbed as 3G, have been under intense research and discussion recently and will emerge around the year 2000. In the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), third generation networks are called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), and in Europe, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). IMT-2000 will provide a multitude of services, especially multimedia and high-bit-rate packet data. Wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as the mainstream air interface solution for the third-generation networks. In Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States, wideband CDMA systems are currently being standarized. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to wideband CDMA. It also provides a review of the wideband CDMA air interface proposals including WCDMA in Europe and Japan, cdma2000 in the United States, and wideband CDMA in Korea.
Species-specific uptake of DNA by gonococci is mediated by a 10-base-pair sequence (1991)

Piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae are known to be transformed less readily if transforming DNA competes with DNA containing the 10-bp sequence GCCGTCTGAA. It has been postulated that the 10-bp sequence is a recognition sequence which is required for efficient DNA uptake. We show that the presence of various forms of this 10-bp sequence results in increased uptake of double-stranded DNA into a DNase-resistant state and allows genetic transformation by an otherwise nontransformable plasmid.
Dual bidirectional promoters at the mouse dhfr locus: cloning and characterization of two mRNA classes of the divergently transcribed Rep-1 gene. (1989)

The mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene (dhfr) is a housekeeping gene expressed under the control of a promoter region embedded in a CpG island--a region rich in unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. A divergent transcription unit exists immediately upstream of the dhfr gene which is coamplified with dhfr in some but not all methotrexate-resistant cell lines. We show that the promoter region for this gene pair consists of two bidirectional promoters, a major and minor promoter, which are situated within a 660-base-pair region upstream of the dhfr ATG translation initiation codon. The major promoter controls over 90% of dhfr transcription, while the minor promoter directs the transcription of the remaining dhfr mRNAs. The major promoter functions bidirectionally, transcribing a divergent 4.0-kilobase poly(A) mRNA (class A) in the direction opposite that of dhfr transcription. The predicted protein product of this mRNA is 105 kilodaltons. The minor promoter also functions bidirectionally, directing the transcription of at least two divergent RNAs (class B). These RNAs, present in quantities approximately 1/10 to 1/50 that of the class A mRNAs, are 4.4- and 1.6-kilobase poly(A) mRNAs. cDNAs representing both class A and class B mRNAs have been cloned from a mouse fibroblast cell line which has amplified the dhfr locus (3T3R500). DNA sequence analysis of these cDNAs reveals that the class A and class B mRNAs share, for the most part, the same exons. On the basis of S1 nuclease protection analysis of RNA preparations from several mouse tissues, both dhfr and divergent genes showed similar levels of expression but did show some specificity in start site utilization. Computer homology searches have revealed sequence similarity of the divergent transcripts with bacterial genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, and we therefore have named the divergently transcribed gene Rep-1.
The sodium channel from rat brain. Purification and subunit composition. (1984)

A procedure is described for purification of the sodium channel 1380-fold from rat brain to essential homogeneity. The channel is solubilized in Triton X-100 and stabilized by addition of phosphatidylcholine and 10 mM CaCl2. It is purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite, and wheat germ agglutinin/Sepharose followed by sedimentation through sucrose gradients. The final preparation binds 2910 pmol of saxitoxin (STX)/mg of protein or 0.9 mol of STX/mol of sodium channel of Mr approximately 316,000. Three polypeptide subunits comprise 90% of the silver stain intensity on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels of the pure protein and migrate as a stoichiometric complex coincident with STX-binding activity in sucrose gradient sedimentation: alpha with Mr approximately 260,000, beta 1 with Mr approximately 39,000, and beta 2 with Mr approximately 37,000. The alpha subunit, both purified and in intact synaptosomes, is shown to behave anomalously during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis exhibiting an unusually high extrapolated electrophoretic free mobility. A subunit stoichiometry of alpha 1(beta 1)1(beta 2)1 is proposed.
A mcirofluidic device of biodegradable porous silicon nanowires for size based capturing and releasing viruses (2015)

A microfluidic device of porous silicon nanowire (PSNW) channel walls was fabricated as a point-of-care platform to capture nanoparticles (NPs) like viruses based on their sizes. PSNWs were synthesized on the bottom and sidewalls of the micro channels with metal-assisted etching. The space between PSNWs was controlled to capture NPs with a specific size. To enhance the capture rate, meandering channels were designed to increase the interaction between NPs and PSNWs by the Dean flow. With this system, we demonstrated label-free N5H2 avian influenza virus capture. In addition, virus can be released later and collected at the outlet by degrading PSNWs in PBS for 24 hours.
Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation for Failed Bioprosthetic Heart Valves (2010)

Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation is a reproducible option for the management of bioprosthetic valve failure. Aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid tissue valves were amenable to this approach. This finding may have important implications with regard to valve replacement in high-risk patients.
Impaired interleukin-12 production in multiple sclerosis patients (1999)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease of the human central nervous system, is believed to be a T cell mediated autoimmune disorder with genetic and environmental influences. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by antigen presenting cells is a potent inducer of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and other Th1 cytokines that may play an important role in MS pathogenesis. We have investigated IL-12 production induced by the T cell independent pathway in untreated and IFN-beta treated MS patients, healthy individuals and other neurological disease (OND) patients in response to the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from untreated MS patients produce normal amounts of the biologically active IL-12 p70 heterodimer but significantly less free IL-12 p40 heavy chain than PBMC from both healthy and disease controls when challenged in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus. Both mRNA expression of the inducible IL-12 p40 chain and protein levels were found to be reduced in untreated MS patients. No decrease in the production of the IL-12 p40 was seen in MS patients on IFN-beta therapy. The decreased production of IL-12 p40 heavy chain is not attributed to increased IL-10 secretion, a defect in the production of cytokines by macrophages or the number of cytokine producing cells. The factor(s) responsible for the decrease in p40 remain to be determined. Since IL-12 p40 antagonizes the biological activity of IL-12 in vitro and in vivo, identification of a defect in the 'natural' antagonist of IL-12, may provide the basis for immune therapy.
[Drug therapy of disorders of cerebral performance. Randomized comparative study of dihydroergotoxine and Ginkgo biloba extract]. (1990)

In a randomized trial lasting six weeks and involving 80 elderly patients with cerebrovascular disorders, the effectiveness and tolerance of dihydroergotoxine was compared with an extract of Ginkgo biloba. On the basis of psychometric tests and assessment scales, it was shown that treatment with either substance improved the condition of the patients. While, for the most part, intergroup comparison revealed no major statistically significant differences, such changes, affecting various parameters, were found during follow-up--more frequently within the dihydroergotoxine group than within the group treated with Ginkgo biloba extract.
(3-sn-Phosphatidyl)cholines (lecithins) in amniotic fluid. (1983)

Many currently used thin-layer chromatographic methods for phospholipid assay rely on charring the developed plate in the presence of cupric acetate. Saturated acyl phospholipids do not react. We find that substitution of cupric sulfate results in detection of both saturated and unsaturated phospholipids. By exploiting the difference with the two reagents, one can separately estimate the amounts of saturated phospholipid. The method described here is reproducible, and we illustrate its use in determinations of (3-sn-phosphatidyl)cholines (lecithins) in amniotic fluid from problem pregnancies.