gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL UV-B RADIATION ON GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH, AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) (2011)

This investigation attempts to examine the effect of UV-B radiation on germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll a and b content, soluble phenol, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Final germination percentage was significantly reduced but germination velocity was enhanced. Chlorophylls a and b and total Chlophyll a+b content declined significantly in response to UV-B exposure. However, chlorophyll a/b ratio was substantially increased. Marked accumulation of soluble phenol was observed as a result of UV-stress. Anthocyanin and flavonoids were increased in response to UV-B radiation as they provide a protective mechanism to UV-radiations. These results are discussed in the light of the mode of action of UV-B radiation.
Estimates of Cancer Potency of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin Using Linear and Nonlinear Dose-Response Modeling and Toxicokinetics (2009)

Linear and nonlinear toxicity criteria were derived for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD) using the recent National Toxicology Program rat cancer bioassay. Dose-response relationships were assessed for combined liver tumors based on lifetime average liver concentrations (LALCs) estimated with a toxicokinetic model. Rat LALC estimates at the 1% point of departure (POD) were obtained with benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to yield the BMD(01) in terms of LALC. The same toxicokinetic model was used to back-extrapolate the human-equivalent external dose (HED). A linear cancer slope factor (CSF) with a value of 1 x 10(-4) per pg/kg/day was calculated as the ratio between the benchmark response rate and the HED at the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose (BMDL)(01). A nonlinear reference dose (RfD) with a value of 100 pg/kg/day was developed from the BMD(01) value by applying uncertainty factors to rat internal and human external doses. The RfD was 100 times higher than the 10(-4) risk-specific dose (RSD) based on the linear CSF. For comparison, BMD(01) and BMDL(01) values were developed for key events in the tumor promotion mode of action (MOA) of TCDD. This MOA involves dysregulation of the normal function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its associated biological processes and results in pathologies that drive tumor promotion and progression. The BMD(01) values for key events were consistent with the timing of the key events within the MOA and provided support for the choices of the 1% tumor rate as a POD and dichotomous Hill model for representing receptor-mediated carcinogenicity. Because a threshold toxicity criterion most accurately reflects the MOA, the RfD for TCDD with a value of 100 pg/kg/day is considered appropriate for regulatory purposes, consistent with a 2006 NRC panel's recommendation to develop a threshold-based cancer potency factor for TCDD and with the methodology in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Cancer Guidelines.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with erosive esophagitis (2008)

Metabolic syndrome and increased insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of developing erosive esophagitis.
Computationally efficient algorithm for multifocus image reconstruction (2003)

A method for synthesizing enhanced depth of field digital still camera pictures using multiple differently focused images is presented. This technique exploits only spatial image gradients in the initial decision process. The image gradient as a focus measure has been shown to be experimentally valid and theoretically sound under weak assumptions with respect to unimodality and monotonicity. Subsequent majority filtering corroborates decisions with those of neighboring pixels, while the use of soft decisions enables smooth transitions across region boundaries. Furthermore, these last two steps add algorithmic robustness for coping with both sensor noise and optics-related effects, such as misregistration or optical flow, and minor intensity fluctuations. The dependence of these optical effects on several optical parameters is analyzed and potential remedies that can allay their impact with regard to the technique's limitations are discussed. Several examples of image synthesis using the algorithm are presented. Finally, leveraging the increasing functionality and emerging processing capabilities of digital still cameras, the method is shown to entail modest hardware requirements and is implementable using a parallel or general purpose processor.
The specificities of protein kinase inhibitors: an update (2003)

We have previously examined the specificities of 28 commercially available compounds, reported to be relatively selective inhibitors of particular serine/threonine-specific protein kinases [Davies, Reddy, Caivano and Cohen (2000) Biochem. J. 351, 95-105]. In the present study, we have extended this analysis to a further 14 compounds. Of these, indirubin-3'-monoxime, SP 600125, KT 5823 and ML-9 were found to inhibit a number of protein kinases and conclusions drawn from their use in cell-based assays are likely to be erroneous. Kenpaullone, Alsterpaullone, Purvalanol, Roscovitine, pyrazolopyrimidine 1 (PP1), PP2 and ML-7 were more specific, but still inhibited two or more protein kinases with similar potency. Our results suggest that the combined use of Roscovitine and Kenpaullone may be useful for identifying substrates and physiological roles of cyclin-dependent protein kinases, whereas the combined use of Kenpaullone and LiCl may be useful for identifying substrates and physiological roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3. The combined use of SU 6656 and either PP1 or PP2 may be useful for identifying substrates of Src family members. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, one of the main polyphenolic constituents of tea, inhibited two of the 28 protein kinases in the panel, dual-specificity, tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A; IC(50)=0.33 microM) and p38-regulated/activated kinase (PRAK; IC(50)=1.0 microM).
Protein EnvM is the NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) of Escherichia coli. (1994)

The EnvM protein was purified from an overproducing Escherichia coli strain. It showed NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase activity using both crotonyl-ACP and crotonyl-CoA as substrates. The protein bound a radioactive diazaborine derivative in the presence of NAD+ and radioactive NAD+ in the presence of the drug. Based on these data, it is concluded that EnvM is the NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase (EC 1.3.1.9) of E. coli and we propose to rename the corresponding gene fabI.
Moving-Talker, Speaker-Independent Feature Study, and Baseline Results Using the CUAVE Multimodal Speech Corpus (2002)

Strides in computer technology and the search for deeper, more powerful techniques in signal processing have brought multimodal research to the forefront in recent years. Audio-visual speech processing has become an important part of this research because it holds great potential for overcoming certain problems of traditional audio-only methods. Difficulties, due to background noise and multiple speakers in an application environment, are significantly reduced by the additional information provided by visual features. This paper presents information on a new audio-visual database, a feature study on moving speakers, and on baseline results for the whole speaker group. Although a few databases have been collected in this area, none has emerged as a standard for comparison. Also, efforts to date have often been limited, focusing on cropped video or stationary speakers. This paper seeks to introduce a challenging audio-visual database that is flexible and fairly comprehensive, yet easily available to researchers on one DVD. The Clemson University Audio-Visual Experiments (CUAVE) database is a speaker-independent corpus of both connected and continuous digit strings totaling over 7000 utterances. It contains a wide variety of speakers and is designed to meet several goals discussed in this paper. One of these goals is to allow testing of adverse conditions such as moving talkers and speaker pairs. A feature study of connected digit strings is also discussed. It compares stationary and moving talkers in a speaker-independent grouping. An image-processing-based contour technique, an image transform method, and a deformable template scheme are used in this comparison to obtain visual features. This paper also presents methods and results in an attempt to make these techniques more robust to speaker movement. Finally, initial baseline speaker-independent results are included using all speakers, and conclusions as well as suggested areas of research are given.
Topical 8-bromo-cyclic GMP lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits. (1990)

The topical application of 8-bromo-3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8BrcGMP) produces significant decreases in intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbit eyes. Maximum effects are obtained with a 4% concentration, and IOP is reduced significantly (P less than 0.001) between 30 and 240 min after administration of the agent. The decrease in IOP occurs without significant change in tonographic outflow facility. A significant further decrease in IOP can be induced by topical 8BrcGMP in rabbits whose IOP has been lowered by the systemic administration of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide.
Mutual Passivation of Electrically Active and Isovalent Impurities in Dilute Nitrides (2008)

Using first-principles calculations we investigate the mutual passivation of shallow donor Si and isovalent N in dilute GaAsN alloys. Instead of the recently proposed pairing of Si and N on adjacent substitutional sites (Si(Ga)-N(As)) [K. M. Yu et al., Nat. Mater. 1, 185 (2002); J. Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 035505 (2006)] we find that N changes the behavior of Si in dilute nitride alloys in a more dramatic way. N and Si combine into a deep-acceptor split interstitial, where Si and N share an As site [(Si-N) (As)], with a significantly lower formation energy than that of the Si(Ga)-N(As) pair in n-type GaAs and dilute GaAsN alloys. The formation of (Si-N)(As) explains the GaAs band-gap recovery and the appearance of a photoluminescence peak at approximately 0.8 eV. This model can also be extended to Ge-doped GaAsN alloys, and correctly predicts the absence of mutual passivation in the case of column-VI dopants.
Genetic diagnosis identifies occult lymph node metastases undetectable by the histopathological method. (1994)

The mutant allele-specific amplification (MASA) method is capable of detecting one tumor cell containing genetic changes in a sample containing thousands of normal cells. To investigate whether MASA can be applied to sensitive detection of lymph node metastasis, we screened 22 colorectal cancers for K-ras and p53 mutations and examined corresponding regional lymph node at the genetic level by the MASA method. Six of the primary tumors were found to certain K-ras mutations, and nine exhibited mutations of the p53 gene. In seven of the 14 cases in which genetic alterations were identified (mutations in both genes were found in one tumor), we found discrepancies between the genetic and the histopathological diagnoses with respect to the presence or absence of cancer cells in lymph nodes, in that these patients were histologically diagnosed lymph node negative, hn(-) but genetically diagnosed lymph node positive, gn(+). Because disease recurs in 20-30% of cancer patients whose lymph nodes are histopathologically negative after surgery, genetic evaluation of lymph nodes for metastasis may become a useful prognostic indicator.
Gene expression changes in blood after phlebotomy: implications for gene expression profiling (2002)

Rapidly developing technologies such as quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microarrays enable characterization and quantification of nucleic acids in clinical samples. Identification of DNA from pathogens such as bacteria or viruses is already
The specific activities of Shiga-like toxin type II (SLT-II) and SLT-II-related toxins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli differ when measured by Vero cell cytotoxicity but not by mouse lethality (1994)

Characteristically, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains produce Shiga-like toxin type I (SLT-I), SLT-II, or both of these immunologically distinct cytotoxins. No antigenic or receptor-binding variants of SLT-I have been identified, but a number of SLT-II-related toxins have been described. Because EHEC O91:H21 strain B2F1, which produces two SLT-II-related toxins, is exquisitely virulent in an orally infected, streptomycin-treated mouse model (oral 50% lethal dose [LD50], < 10 organisms), we asked whether the pathogenicity of strain B2F1 was a consequence of SLT-II-related toxin production. For this purpose, we compared the lethality of orally administered E. coli DH5 alpha (Strr) strains that produced different cytotoxic levels of SLT-II, SLT-IIvha (cloned from B2F1), SLT-IIvhb (also cloned from B2F1), or SLT-IIc (cloned from EHEC O157:H7 strain E32511) on Vero cells. We also calculated the specific activities of purified SLT-IIvhb and SLT-II in intraperitoneally injected mice and on Vero cells. The two purified toxins were equally toxic for mice, but SLT-IIvhb was approximately 100-fold less active than SLT-II on Vero cells and bound to the glycolipid receptor Gb3 with lower affinity than did SLT-II. In addition, characterization of SLT-II-related toxin-binding (B) subunit mutants generated in this study revealed that the reduced in vitro cytotoxic levels of the SLT-II-related toxins were due to Asn-16 in the B subunit. Taken together, these findings do not support the idea that B2F1 is uniquely virulent because of the in vivo toxicity of SLT-II-related toxins but do demonstrate differences in in vitro cytotoxic activity among the SLT-II group produced by human EHEC isolates.
Sensorless drive with synchronous machine and submersible inverter for oil-drowned pump (2009)

The work is intended to explain the basic ideas related to design of sensorless drive with high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine and vector control system for the oil-drowned pump. The drive and it's control system must allow the pump operating very reliably under heavy conditions. The digital control system has a hierarchy local-distribute structure. The upper level is a ground control. The low level is a local-distribute control system, which has four drive controls. With the aim to reduce the cost of the drive and to increase reliability the sensorless pump drive is designed. Original observation algorithms of both position and rotational velocity for exterior permanent magnet synchronous motors are designed. The system simulation has confirmed high dynamic accuracy and in addition simplification of algorithm of digital control, reduction of the requirements to computing capacity of the controller
The Use of Alloplastic Biomaterials in Bladder Substitution (1992)

No AccessJournal of UrologyReview Article1 Nov 1992The Use of Alloplastic Biomaterials in Bladder Substitution Malachy J. Gleeson and Donald P. Griffith Malachy J. GleesonMalachy J. Gleeson More articles by this author and Donald P. GriffithDonald P. Griffith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36916-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAkbal C, Lee S, Packer S, Davis M, Rink R and Kaefer M (2018) Bladder Augmentation With Acellular Dermal Biomatrix in a Diseased Animal ModelJournal of Urology, VOL. 176, NO. 4S, (1706-1711), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006.SCHOELLER T, LILLE S, STENZL A, NINKOVIĆ M, PIZA H, OTTO A, RUSSELL R and WECHSELBERGER G (2018) BLADDER RECONSTRUCTION USING A PREVASCULARIZED CAPSULAR TISSUE SEEDED WITH UROTHELIAL CELLSJournal of Urology, VOL. 165, NO. 3, (980-985), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2001.REDDY P, BARRIERAS D, WILSON G, BÄGLI D, McLORIE G, KHOURY A and MERGUERIAN P (2018) REGENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL BLADDER SUBSTITUTES USING LARGE SEGMENT ACELLULAR MATRIX ALLOGRAFTS IN A PORCINE MODELJournal of Urology, VOL. 164, NO. 3 Part 2, (936-941), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2000.DUEL B, GONZALEZ R and BARTHOLD J (2018) ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR AUGMENTATION CYSTOPLASTYJournal of Urology, VOL. 159, NO. 3, (998-1005), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1998.Pope J, Davis M, Smith E, Walsh M, Ellison P, Rink R and Kropp B (2018) The Ontogeny of Canine Small Intestinal Submucosa Regenerated BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 158, NO. 3, (1105-1110), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1997.Rohrmann D, Albrecht D, Hannappel J, Gerlach R, Schwarzkopp G and Lutzeyer W (2018) Alloplastic Replacement of the Urinary BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 156, NO. 6, (2094-2097), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1996.Kropp B, Rippy M, Badylak S, Adams M, Keating M, Rink R and Thor K (2018) Regenerative Urinary Bladder Augmentation Using Small Intestinal Submucosa: Urodynamic and Histopathologic Assessment in Long-term Canine Bladder augmentationsJournal of Urology, VOL. 155, NO. 6, (2098-2104), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1996.Vaught J, Kropp B, Sawyer B, Rippy M, Badylak S, Shannon H and Thor K (2018) Detrusor Regeneration in the Rat Using Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosal Grafts: Functional Innervation and Receptor ExpressionJournal of Urology, VOL. 155, NO. 1, (374-378), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1996. Volume 148Issue 5 Part 1November 1992Page: 1377-1382 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordsbladderprosthesisbladder diseasesMetricsAuthor Information Malachy J. Gleeson More articles by this author Donald P. Griffith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Dynamics ofMhcevolution in birds and crocodilians: amplification of class II genes with degenerate primers (1995)

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) are the most polymorphic functional loci in mammalian populations, but little is known of Mhc variability in natural populations of nonmammalian vertebrates. To help extend such studies to birds and relatives, we present a pair of degenerate primers that amplify polymorphic segments of one chain (the beta chain) of the class II genes from the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) of archosaurs (birds+crocodilians). The primers target two conserved regions lying within portions of the antigen-binding site (ABS) encoded by the second exon and amplify multiple genes from both genomic DNA and cDNA. The pattern of nucleotide substitution in ABS codons of 51 sequences amplified and cloned from five species of passerine birds and an alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) indicates that archosaurian class II beta genes are subject to selective forces similar to those operating in mammalian populations. Hybridization of a genomic clone generated by the primers revealed highly polymorphic bands in a sample of Florida scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens). Because the primers amplify only part of the ABS from multiple class II genes, they will be useful primarily for generating species specific clones, thereby providing a critical inroad to more detailed structural and evolutionary studies.
Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognition (2020)

High-resolution representations are essential for position-sensitive vision problems, such as human pose estimation, semantic segmentation, and object detection. Existing state-of-the-art frameworks first encode the input image as a low-resolution representation through a subnetwork that is formed by connecting high-to-low resolution convolutions in series (e.g., ResNet, VGGNet), and then recover the high-resolution representation from the encoded low-resolution representation. Instead, our proposed network, named as High-Resolution Network (HRNet), maintains high-resolution representations through the whole process. There are two key characteristics: (i) Connect the high-to-low resolution convolution streams in parallel and (ii) repeatedly exchange the information across resolutions. The benefit is that the resulting representation is semantically richer and spatially more precise. We show the superiority of the proposed HRNet in a wide range of applications, including human pose estimation, semantic segmentation, and object detection, suggesting that the HRNet is a stronger backbone for computer vision problems. All the codes are available at https://github.com/HRNet.
The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto¿) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs (2014)

Pathogens that are transmitted by ticks to dogs, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and Ehrlichia canis, are an increasing problem in the world. One method to prevent pathogen transmission to dogs is to kill the ticks before transmission occurs. Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following systemic administration. This study investigated the speed of kill of fluralaner against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs. A total of 48 dogs were randomized to 8 groups of 6 dogs and each dog was infested with 50 female and 10 male I. ricinus ticks. Two days later (day 0), 4 groups received a single treatment of 25 mg fluralaner/kg body weight as Bravecto™ chewable tablets; the dogs in the other 4 groups were left untreated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point (4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after treatment) for assessment of tick-killing efficacy. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, all dogs were re-infested with 50 female I. ricinus ticks and subsequently assessed for live or dead ticks at either 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after re-infestation. Efficacy was calculated for each assessment time point by comparison of the treatment group with the respective control group. Tick-killing efficacy was 89.6% at 4 hours, 97.9% at 8 hours, and 100% at 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Eight hours after re-infestation, efficacy was 96.8%, 83.5%, and 45.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. At least 98.1% tick-killing efficacy was demonstrated 12 and 24 hours after re-infestation over the entire 12 week study period. Fluralaner kills ticks rapidly after treatment at 4 hours, and over its entire 12-week period of efficacy, it achieves an almost complete killing effect within 12 hours after tick infestation. The rapid tick-killing effect together with the long duration of efficacy enables fluralaner to aid in the prevention of tick borne diseases.
Janus kinase 2 regulates Bcr–Abl signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia (2010)

Despite the success of imatinib mesylate (IM) in the early chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), patients are resistant to IM and other kinase inhibitors in the later stages of CML. Our findings indicate that inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) in Bcr-Abl+ cells overcomes IM resistance although the precise mechanism of Jak2 action is unknown. Knocking down Jak2 in Bcr-Abl+ cells reduced levels of the Bcr-Abl protein and also the phosphorylation of Tyr177 of Bcr-Abl, and Jak2 overexpression rescued these knockdown effects. Treatment of Bcr-Abl+ cells with Jak2 inhibitors for 4-6 h but not with IM also reduced Bcr-Abl protein and pTyr177 levels. In vitro kinase experiments performed with recombinant Jak2 showed that Jak2 readily phosphorylated Tyr177 of Bcr-Abl (a Jak2 consensus site, YvnV) whereas c-Abl did not. Importantly, Jak2 inhibition decreased pTyr177 Bcr-Abl in immune complexes but did not reduce levels of Bcr-Abl, suggesting that the reduction of Bcr-Abl by Jak2 inhibition is a separate event from phosphorylation of Tyr177. Jak2 inhibition by chemical inhibitors (TG101209/WP1193) and Jak2 knockdown diminished the activation of Ras, PI-3 kinase pathways and reduced levels of pTyrSTAT5. These findings suggest that Bcr-Abl stability and oncogenic signaling in CML cells are under the control of Jak2.