gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Strategies for Preparing Oxide‐Based Hybrid Nanocrystals (2007)

Abstract Recent progress of colloidal chemistry in the synthesis of multimaterial nanostructures incorporating transition‐metal oxides is reviewed. Attention is focused on the emerging class of hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs), in which domains of different materials are interconnected through inorganic junctions in defined spatial arrangements. The level of expertise so far achieved in the preparation of single‐material NCs with finely tuned geometric parameters has been further extended into elegant “seeded growth” approaches for accessing elaborate HNCs by control of interfacial lattice strain and surface energy in liquid media. Various topological configurations are analyzed, including concentric core/shell architectures, hetero‐oligomers grouping spherical material domains and more asymmetric hybrid nanostructures based on rod‐shaped sections. The chemical‐physical properties and technological advantages offered by such multifunctional HNCs are also summarized.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
MicroRNA Expression and Virulence in Pandemic Influenza Virus-Infected Mice (2010)

The worst known H1N1 influenza pandemic in history resulted in more than 20 million deaths in 1918 and 1919. Although the underlying mechanism causing the extreme virulence of the 1918 influenza virus is still obscure, our previous functional genomics analyses revealed a correlation between the lethality of the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus (r1918) in mice and a unique gene expression pattern associated with severe immune responses in the lungs. Lately, microRNAs have emerged as a class of crucial regulators for gene expression. To determine whether differential expression of cellular microRNAs plays a role in the host response to r1918 infection, we compared the lung cellular "microRNAome" of mice infected by r1918 virus with that of mice infected by a nonlethal seasonal influenza virus, A/Texas/36/91. We found that a group of microRNAs, including miR-200a and miR-223, were differentially expressed in response to influenza virus infection and that r1918 and A/Texas/36/91 infection induced distinct microRNA expression profiles. Moreover, we observed significant enrichment in the number of predicted cellular target mRNAs whose expression was inversely correlated with the expression of these microRNAs. Intriguingly, gene ontology analysis revealed that many of these mRNAs play roles in immune response and cell death pathways, which are known to be associated with the extreme virulence of r1918. This is the first demonstration that cellular gene expression patterns in influenza virus-infected mice may be attributed in part to microRNA regulation and that such regulation may be a contributing factor to the extreme virulence of the r1918.
Epitope-Specific Regulation of Immunoglobulin Class Switching in Mice Immunized with Malarial Merozoite Surface Proteins (2005)

Antibodies that bind to Fc receptors and activate complement are implicated in the efficient control of pathogens, but the processes that regulate their induction are still not well understood. To investigate antigen-dependent factors that regulate class switching, we have developed an in vivo model of class switching to immunoglobulin G2b (IgG2b) using the malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with recombinant proteins representing discrete domains of MSP2, and a T-cell epitope (C8) was identified within the conserved C terminus of the protein that preferentially induces IgG2b antibodies. The ability of C8 to induce IgG2b is ablated in both homozygous gamma interferon-negative and interleukin 10-negative mice. The IgG2b-inducing properties of C8 override the IgG1-inducing properties of both the fusion protein partner, glutathione S-transferase, and the adjuvant. Furthermore, when attached to other proteins that normally induce IgG1 responses, C8 induces a switch to IgG2b secretion. This is the first description of a defined T-cell epitope that drives specific IgG2b subclass switching, and our data offer proof of the concept that chimeric vaccines incorporating specific T-cell "switch epitopes" might be used to enhance qualitative aspects of the antibody response.
Osi: A Model for Computer Communications Standards (1990)

1. Layered Protocols and Network Architectures. 2. OSI Suite Examples. 3. The Physical Level. 4. The Data Link Layer. 5. The Network Layer. 6. The Network Layer, Internetworking. 7. The Transport Layer. 8. The Session Layer. 9. Presentation Layer. 10. Architecture of the Application Layer. 11. The Application Layer Specific Service Elements. Appendix A: The MHS Primitives. Appendix B: The TAM Primitive Parameters and Functional Units. 12. OSI Management.
Notes- Methyl 2-Deoxy-2-sulfoamino-β-D-glucopyranoside Trisulfate and the Preparation of Tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl Bromide. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Methyl 2-Deoxy-2-sulfoamino-β-D-glucopyranoside Trisulfate and the Preparation of Tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl Bromide.M Wolfrom and T Shen HanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 2145–2146Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online27 February 2003Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01065a632https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a632research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new leakage component caused by the interaction of residual stress and the relative position of poly-Si gate at isolation edge (2002)

We report a new junction leakage generation phenomenon which was found at specific junction edges on top of which poly-Si gates ran nearby in a 0.35 /spl mu/m design rule actual DRAM chip. As more advanced isolation schemes that enabled less bird's beak were applied, the phenomenon was more evident. After characterizing a set of junction leakage patterns where the relative position of poly gate to the junction edge was systematically varied, a problematic combination of process window and design rule was found and screened out of the actual circuit layout. This leakage component has to be considered to improve the refresh characteristics and stand-by current.
NG2-expressing cells in the central nervous system: Are they oligodendroglial progenitors? (2000)

Antibodies against the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, NG2, are increasingly being used to identify the widespread population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the adult mammalian CNS. However, the specificity of this marker and the role of NG2-expressing cells in CNS function are still open to question. In this review we consider the evidence that NG2(+) cells in the CNS are part of the oligodendrocyte lineage and whether they can give rise to new oligodendrocytes following demyelination. In both the developing and mature rodent CNS, NG2(+) cells express the established oligodendrocyte lineage marker PDGF-alphaR and from P7, the late progenitor antigen O4, which persists in immature oligodendrocytes. They do not express markers of other CNS populations, such as OX42 or GFAP, at any developmental age. NG2(+) cells represent the major cycling cell population in the normal adult rat CNS, suggesting they have stem cell-like properties. NG2 immunoreactivity is upregulated as a result of physical, viral, excitotoxic and inflammatory insults to the CNS. Following demyelination NG2(+) cell number increases in the immediate vicinity of the lesion and rapid remyelination ensues. NG2 expression has also been investigated in human tissue. Multi-process bearing cells, which morphologically resemble those identified with antibodies against O4, persist in chronically demyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions.
Multiplexed Fc array for evaluation of antigen-specific antibody effector profiles (2017)

Antibodies are widely considered to be a frequent primary and often mechanistic correlate of protection of approved vaccines; thus evaluating the antibody response is of critical importance in attempting to understand and predict the efficacy of novel vaccine candidates. Historically, antibody responses have been analyzed by determining the titer of the humoral response using measurements such as an ELISA, neutralization, or agglutination assays. In the simplest case, sufficiently high titers of antibody against vaccine antigen(s) are sufficient to predict protection. However, antibody titer provides only a partial measure of antibody function, which is dependent on both the variable region (Fv) to bind the antigen target, and the constant region (Fc) to elicit an effector response from the innate arm of the immune system. In the case of some diseases, such as HIV, for which an effective vaccine has proven elusive, antibody effector function has been shown to be an important driver of monoclonal antibody therapy outcomes, of viral control in infected patients, and of vaccine-mediated protection in preclinical and clinical studies. We sought to establish a platform for the evaluation of the Fc domain characteristics of antigen-specific antibodies present in polyclonal samples in order to better develop insights into Fc receptor-mediated antibody effector activity, more fully understand how antibody responses may differ in association with disease progression and between subject groups, and differentiate protective from non-protective responses. To this end we have developed a high throughput biophysical platform capable of simultaneously evaluating many dimensions of the antibody effector response.
Attenuation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol by select 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in mice devoid of low density lipoprotein receptors (1997)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction independent of LDL receptor regulation was investigated using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in LDL receptor-deficient mice. In males, LDL cholesterol dose-dependently decreased with atorvastatin treatment after 1 week. As untreated mice grew older, their LDL cholesterol progressively rose above basal levels, but was quelled with atorvastatin treatment. In females, atorvastatin treatment time-dependently decreased LDL cholesterol levels and induced hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity. Unlike males, cholesterol-lowering effects of the drug were sustained in females. Lovastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin also reduced total and LDL cholesterol; however, additional studies in females demonstrated that atorvastatin caused the greatest dose-dependent and sustained effect after 2 weeks. In females, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol lowering, with atorvastatin showing the greatest increase in mRNA levels (17.2-fold), followed by lovastatin (10.7-fold), simvastatin (4.1-fold), and pravastatin (2.5-fold). Atorvastatin effects on lipoprotein production were determined after acute (1 day) or chronic (2 week) treatment prior to intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR1339. Acute treatment reduced cholesterol (-29%) and apoB (-16%) secretion, with no change in triglyceride secretion. In contrast, chronic treatment elevated cholesterol (+20%), apoB (+31%), and triglyceride (+57%) secretion. Despite increased cholesterol and apoB secretion, plasma levels were reduced by 51% and 46%, respectively. Overall, under acute or chronic conditions, apoB paralleled cholesterol secretion rates, and triglyceride to cholesterol secretion ratios were elevated by 38% and 32%, respectively. We propose that atorvastatin limits cholesterol for lipoprotein assembly, which is compensated for by triglyceride enrichment. In addition, with either acute or chronic atorvastatin treatment, apoB-100 secretion was blocked, and compensated for by an increased secretion of apoB-48. The apoB-48 particles produced are cleared by LDL receptor-independent mechanisms, with an overall effect of reducing LDL production in these mice. These studies support the idea that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors modulate lipoprotein levels independent of LDL receptors, and suggest they may have utility in hyperlipidemias caused by LDLreceptor disorders.
Modeling the conductance and DNA blockade of solid-state nanopores (2011)

We present measurements and theoretical modeling of the ionic conductance G of solid-state nanopores with 5-100 nm diameters, with and without DNA inserted into the pore. First, we show that it is essential to include access resistance to describe the conductance, in particular for larger pore diameters. We then present an exact solution for G of an hourglass-shaped pore, which agrees very well with our measurements without any adjustable parameters, and which is an improvement over the cylindrical approximation. Subsequently we discuss the conductance blockade ΔG due to the insertion of a DNA molecule into the pore, which we study experimentally as a function of pore diameter. We find that ΔG decreases with pore diameter, contrary to the predictions of earlier models that forecasted a constant ΔG. We compare three models for ΔG, all of which provide good agreement with our experimental data.
Multiple Pathways of Recombination Induced by Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the principal organism used in experiments to examine genetic recombination in eukaryotes. Studies over the past decade have shown that meiotic recombination and probably most mitotic recombination arise from the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). There are multiple pathways by which such DSBs can be repaired, including several homologous recombination pathways and still other nonhomologous mechanisms. Our understanding has also been greatly enriched by the characterization of many proteins involved in recombination and by insights that link aspects of DNA repair to chromosome replication. New molecular models of DSB-induced gene conversion are presented. This review encompasses these different aspects of DSB-induced recombination in Saccharomyces and attempts to relate genetic, molecular biological, and biochemical studies of the processes of DNA repair and recombination.
Spindle Net: Person Re-identification with Human Body Region Guided Feature Decomposition and Fusion (2017)

Person re-identification (ReID) is an important task in video surveillance and has various applications. It is non-trivial due to complex background clutters, varying illumination conditions, and uncontrollable camera settings. Moreover, the person body misalignment caused by detectors or pose variations is sometimes too severe for feature matching across images. In this study, we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), called Spindle Net, based on human body region guided multi-stage feature decomposition and tree-structured competitive feature fusion. It is the first time human body structure information is considered in a CNN framework to facilitate feature learning. The proposed Spindle Net brings unique advantages: 1) it separately captures semantic features from different body regions thus the macro-and micro-body features can be well aligned across images, 2) the learned region features from different semantic regions are merged with a competitive scheme and discriminative features can be well preserved. State of the art performance can be achieved on multiple datasets by large margins. We further demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed Spindle Net on our proposed dataset SenseReID without fine-tuning.
Electrolytic Transport in Modified Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study ionic flow in carbon nanotubes with the goal of using carbon nanotubes as artificial protein channels found in cell membranes. Previous simulations show that water and molten ions enter carbon nanotubes spontaneously. Our simulations show that ion occupancy in a carbon nanotube solvated in an electrolyte is very low for a (16,16) uncapped tube. When partial charges were placed on the rim atoms of the tube and an external electric field was applied, it was found that the ion occupancy increased significantly. To mimic an ion channel in a membrane, functional groups were attached at the ends and the tube was placed in a slab. The functionalized tube was found to conduct ions in the presence of an electric field. It is also shown that cationic or anionic selectivity could be obtained by symmetrical placement of the functional groups.
Synthesis and Photopolymerization of Multifunctional Propenyl Ether Monomers (1994)

Abstract A novel and facile synthesis of aromatics containing di- and tetrafunctional propenyl ether monomers is reported. These monomers were prepared by the base-catalyzed condensation of allyl glycidyl ether with a variety of bisphenols followed by allylation of the secondary hydroxyl groups and finally isomerization of the allyl groups by a ruthenium catalyst. The cationic photopolymerization of these novel monomers to give crosslinked network polymers was carried out using a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator. The reactivity of the multifunctional propenyl ether monomers was studied using real-time infrared spectroscopy and by differential scanning photocalorimetry.
Effect of Blood Collection Tube Type and Time to Processing on the Enumeration and High-Content Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Using the High-Definition Single-Cell Assay (2017)

- Circulating tumor cells can be identified and characterized under a variety of collection, handling, and processing conditions, but the highest quality can be achieved with optimized conditions. We quantified performance differences of the HD-SCA for specific preanalytic variables that may be used as a guide to develop best practices for implementation into patient care and/or research biorepository processes.
Rejuvenation of the Aging Lip With an Injectable Acellular Dermal Graft (Cymetra) (2002)

Cymetra is a suspension of particulate dermal matrix that seems to increase the upper lip bulk, vermilion, and lower lip projection after a threshold of Cymetra has been administered. There are few differences in any measured long-term (3 months after treatment) variables until the 12-month visit, when there were statistically significantly more Cymetra-treated patients with improved lip aesthetics than those treated with Zyplast. With repeated treatments, Cymetra seems to accumulate, producing a long-term effect superior to Zyplast in many patients.
Response of Man to Infection with Vibrio cholerae. II. Protection from Illness Afforded by Previous Disease and Vaccine (1974)

Journal Article Response of Man to Infection with Vibrio cholerae. II. Protection from Illness Afforded by Previous Disease and Vaccine Get access R. A. Cash, R. A. Cash Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. I. Music, S. I. Music Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Libonati, J. P. Libonati Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Craig, J. P. Craig Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. F. Pierce, N. F. Pierce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. B. Hornick R. B. Hornick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Issue 4, October 1974, Pages 325–333, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/130.4.325 Published: 01 October 1974 Article history Received: 16 July 1973 Revision received: 28 March 1974 Published: 01 October 1974
El proyecto de las tumbas reales de Amarna: las tres primeras campañas (2002)

Pulmonary hemorrhage and progressive renal failure in D-penicillamine-treated patients occurs rarely and does not fulfil the commonly used current criteria for Goodpasture's syndrome. Evidence suggests that the condition may develop as a result of drug-induced immune complex deposition. Histological and immunological information is too scanty to be certain whether pulmonary infiltrates occur in the absence of hemorrhage or whether they represent capillary damage of the same immunopathogenesis but of a milder form. Obliterative broncho-bronchiolitis has been seen in some patients who have never received penicillamine so that a cause and effect relationship has not been established.
Sweet taste transduction in hamster: sweeteners and cyclic nucleotides depolarize taste cells by reducing a K+ current (1996)

1. The gigaseal voltage-clamp technique was used to record responses of hamster taste receptor cells to synthetic sweeteners and cyclic nucleotides. Voltage-dependent currents and steady-state currents were monitored during bath exchanges of saccharin, two high-potency sweeteners, 8-chlorophenylthio-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8cpt-cAMP), and dibutyryl-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cGMP). 2. Of the 237 fungiform taste cells studied, only one in eight was sweet responsive. Outward currents, both voltage-dependent and resting, were reduced by all of the sweeteners tested in sweet-responsive taste cells, whereas these currents were unaffected by sweeteners in sweet-unresponsive taste cells. 3. In every sweet-responsive cell tested, 8cpt-cAMP and db-cGMP mimicked the response to the sweeteners, but neither nucleotide elicited responses in sweet-unresponsive cells. Thus there was a one-to-one correlation between sweet responsivity and cyclic nucleotide responsivity. 4. Sweet responses showed cross adaptation with cyclic nucleotide responses. This indicates that the same ion channel is modulated by sweeteners and cyclic nucleotides. 5. The sweetener- and cyclic nucleotide-blocked current had an apparent reversal potential of -50 mV, which was close to the potassium reversal potential in these experiments. In addition, there was no effect of sweeteners and cyclic nucleotides in the presence of the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA). These data suggest that block of a resting, TEA-sensitive K+ current is the final common step leading to taste cell depolarization during sweet transduction. 6. These data, together with data from a previous study (Cummings et al. 1993), suggest that both synthetic sweeteners and sucrose utilize second-messenger pathways that block a resting K+ conductance to depolarize the taste cell membrane.