gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous DNA Fragmentation in Swim‐Up Selected Human Spermatozoa During Long Term Incubation (2003)

The origin and the meaning of DNA fragmentation in ejaculated human spermatozoa are not yet clear, although some hypotheses have been proposed. In the present study, we used investigated sperm DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-coupled flow cytometry to investigate DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa that were selected by the swim-up procedure and incubated long-term. In addition, using flow cytometry we detected annexin V binding assay and propidium iodide staining, and we also studied membrane phosphatidylserine translocation and the loss of membrane integrity in the same sperm populations that we used in the TUNEL investigation. We found that in vitro sperm DNA fragmentation 1) occurs after ejaculation under experimental conditions without the involvement of any external factor, 2) is not affected by treatment with the nuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid, 3) is increased by treatment with the glutathione peroxidase inhibitor mercaptosuccinate, 4) correlates with basal values (ie, just after swim-up selection) of DNA fragmentation in teratozoospermic but not in normospermic semen samples, 5) develops in a sharply associated manner with the in vitro occurrence of sperm necrosis, and 6) is predicted by the basal value of annexin V binding in viable spermatozoa. These findings suggest an involvement of endogenously produced reactive oxygen species as the possible cause of in vitro sperm DNA fragmentation.
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer and for Intervention Effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (1996)

CARET participants receiving the combination of beta-carotene and vitamin A had no chemopreventive benefit and had excess lung cancer incidence and mortality. The results are highly consistent with those found for beta-carotene in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study in 29133 male smokers in Finland.
Human Anti-Mouse Antibody Response in Cancer Patients Following Single Low-Dose Injections of Radiolabeled Murine Monoclonal Antibodies (1994)

We examined the human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response in 61 cancer patients following a single, diagnostic injection of any one of ten 111In conjugated murine monoclonal antibodies. Between 1 and 22 mg of antibody containing 1-5 mCi 111In was administered. The populations studied included 30 patients with colorectal carcinoma (four different antibodies), 22 with malignant melanoma (four antibodies), and nine with prostate cancer (two antibodies). Forty-one percent of the patients developed HAMA within 14 days. Three patients (5%) developed an IgM response, five patients (8%) developed an IgG response, and 17 patients (28%) developed both IgM and IgG. Only 27% of the patients with colon cancer developed HAMA, compared to 55% of the melanoma patients and 56% of the prostate cancer patients. There were no correlations among injected dose, various clinical parameters, and HAMA response. There were variations in the HAMA response to different monoclonal antibodies, but population samples were too small to infer significance. Most of the HAMA responses had a significant proportion of idiotypic or isotypic specificity. Only 1/6 patients who were HAMA negative after the first infusion developed HAMA following subsequent infusions of the same monoclonal antibody. Our data demonstrate that a significant percent of cancer patients develop HAMA following a single, low-dose injection of a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody for diagnostic purposes. This may have important implications for the future therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies in such patients.
Gas and Vapor Solubility in Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene Glycol Diacrylate) (2005)

Polymers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been investigated for CO2 removal from mixtures with light gases such as CH4, N2, and H2 because of the good affinity of PEG for CO2. In this study, the solubilities of CO2 and several hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8) were determined as a function of gas fugacity (i.e., pressure) at temperatures ranging from −20 °C to 35 °C in cross-linked amorphous poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (XLPEGDA), which was prepared by UV photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and contains about 82 wt % PEG. Sorption isotherms were described using the Flory−Huggins model. Unlike sorption in nonpolar rubbery polymers, solubility of gases such as CO2 and olefins in polar XLPEGDA do not vary systematically based on parameters used conventionally to characterize gas condensability such as critical temperature (Tc) or (Tc/T)2, so a new model is proposed to correlate the data. CO2 exhibits the lowest Flory−Huggins interaction parameter (i.e., χ) values among all of the penetrants considered, indicating favorable interactions with XLPEGDA. Although gas solubility at a given pressure generally increases as temperature decreases, χ values increase with decreasing temperature for all penetrants except CO2. These results reflect the interplay between increases in penetrant condensability as temperature decreases, which tend to increase solubility, and increases in the unfavorable interactions between the gas and polymer segments (reflected in the increased χ values) as temperature decreases, which tend to reduce solubility. χ values for CO2 in XLPEGDA decrease with decreasing temperature, which is another indication of the affinity between CO2 and XLPEGDA. The following example illustrates the effect of temperature on intermolecular interactions: CO2/C2H6 solubility selectivity at infinite dilution increases from 2.7 to 6.6 as temperature decreases from 35 °C to −20 °C, even though these two penetrants have almost the same condensability as characterized by Tc. Furthermore, gas solubility values in XLPEGDA are very similar to those in amorphous PEG at infinite dilution and 35 °C, suggesting that the PEG linkages in XLPEGDA dominate its sorption properties.
Efficient Visual-Inertial Navigation using a Rolling-Shutter Camera with Inaccurate Timestamps (2014)

In order to develop Vision-aided Inertial Navigation Systems (VINS) on mobile devices, such as cell phones and tablets, one needs to consider two important issues, both due to the commercial-grade underlying hardware: (i) The unknown and varying time offset between the camera and IMU clocks (ii) The rolling-shutter effect caused by CMOS sensors. Without appropriately modelling their effect and compensating for them online, the navigation accuracy will significantly degrade. In this work, we introduce a linear-complexity algorithm for fusing inertial measurements with time-misaligned, rolling-shutter images using a highly efficient and precise linear interpolation model. As a result, our algorithm achieves a better accuracy and improved speed compared to existing methods. Finally, we validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm through simulations and real-time, online experiments on a cell phone.
COPD-related morbidity and mortality after smoking cessation: status of the evidence (2008)

The evidence base for the benefit of quitting smoking as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. The present article is a review of the existing literature. A systematic literature search in medical databases was performed until March 2006, and subsequently until September 1, 2007. The outcomes examined were COPD-related morbidity and mortality (including all-cause mortality) in COPD patients in connection with smoking cessation. A total of 21 and 27 published articles on morbidity and mortality, respectively, were identified and reviewed. For both outcomes, only a few of the studies included patients with severe COPD. Most of the studies reported a beneficial effect of smoking cessation compared with continued smoking, whereas a few found no improvement. Methodological problems, including small study sizes, poor data quality, possibility of reverse causality and incomplete ascertainment of cause of death, limit interpretation of some of the studies. The evidence as a whole supports the conclusion that, even in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking cessation slows the accelerated rate of lung function decline and improves survival compared with continued smoking.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Codon 215 Mutations Diminish Virologic Response to Didanosine-Zidovudine Therapy in Subjects with Non-Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype (1996)

Eight zidovudine-experienced subjects received zidovudine and didanosine for 30 weeks followed by 30 weeks of didanosine monotherapy. At study entry, plasma from 4 subjects had human immunodeficiency virus RNA pol T215Y/F mutant and 4 had codon 215 wild type. All 8 subjects had non-syncytium-inducing virus phenotype. Sustained 10-fold decreases in plasma RNA levels were seen only in subjects who initially had 215wild type RNA, despite the development of a T215YI F mutation during combination therapy. Virologic and immunologic benefits were maintained in this group with didanosine monotherapy. No subject developed a pol L74V codon mutation. Significant differences in plasma virus load and CD4 cell responses were seen in this zidovudine-didanosine combination pilot study relative to codon 215 genotype.
Certified mailing lists (2006)

Email List Services (or simply, mailing lists) are becoming increasingly common for collaborative computing. In order to enable their use for official purposes with increased effectiveness and security, services typically provided by postal mail (e.g. fair delivery) need to be provided in mailing lists. In this paper we propose a novel Certified Mailing-list Protocol (CMLP) that provides fair delivery, confidentiality, non-repudiation of origin and receipt, and authentication and integrity. We have formally specified and verified the CMLP protocol with Proverif, which is a fully-automated protocol verification tool.
High-Performance Overall Water Splitting Electrocatalysts Derived from Cobalt-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

The design of active, robust, and nonprecious electrocatalysts with both H2 and O2 evolution reaction (HER and OER) activities for overall water splitting is highly desirable but remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report a facile two-step method to synthesize porous Co-P/NC nanopolyhedrons composed of CoPx (a mixture of CoP and Co2P) nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon matrices as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. The Co-P/NC catalysts were prepared by direct carbonization of Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) followed by phosphidation. Benefiting from the large specific surface area, controllable pore texture, and high nitrogen content of ZIF (a subclass of metal–organic frameworks), the optimal Co-P/NC showed high specific surface area of 183 m2 g–1 and large mesopores, and exhibited remarkable catalytic performance for both HER and OER in 1.0 M KOH, affording a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at low overpotentials of −154 mV for HER and 319 mV for OER, respectively. Furthermore, a Co-P/NC-based alkaline electrolyzer approached 165 mA cm–2 at 2.0 V, superior to that of Pt/IrO2 couple, along with strong stability. Various characterization techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that the superior activity and strong stability of Co-P/NC originated from its 3D interconnected mesoporosity with high specific surface area, high conductivity, and synergistic effect of CoPx encapsulated within N-doped carbon matrices.
Influence of chloride, water, and organic solvents on the physical properties of ionic liquids (2000)

Abstract We report here the first systematic study of the effect of impurities and additives (e.g., water, chloride, and cosolvents) on the physical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids. Remarkably, it was discovered that the viscosity of mixtures was dependent mainly on the mole fraction of added molecular solvents and only to a lesser extent upon their identity, allowing viscosity changes during the course of a reaction to be entirely predictable. While the addition of such molecular solvents decreases the viscosity and density, chloride impurities, arising from the preparation of the ionic liquids, increase viscosity dramatically. The commonly used methods of preparation were validated with respect to chloride impurity.
Oral administration of Parabacteroides distasonis antigens attenuates experimental murine colitis through modulation of immunity and microbiota composition (2010)

Commensal bacteria have been shown to modulate the host mucosal immune system. Here, we report that oral treatment of BALB/c mice with components from the commensal, Parabacteroides distasonis, significantly reduces the severity of intestinal inflammation in murine models of acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The membranous fraction of P. distasonis (mPd) prevented DSS-induced increases in several proinflammatory cytokines, increased mPd-specific serum antibodies and stabilized the intestinal microbial ecology. The anti-colitic effect of oral mPd was not observed in severe combined immunodeficient mice and probably involved induction of specific antibody responses and stabilization of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest that specific bacterial components derived from the commensal bacterium, P. distasonis, may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Enhancement of polycrystalline silicon solar cells using ultrathin films of silicon nanoparticle (2007)

Ultrathin films of highly monodispersed luminescent Si nanoparticles are directly integrated on polycrystalline Si solar cells. The authors monitor the open-circuit voltage and the short circuit current. The results demonstrate that films of 1nm blue luminescent or 2.85nm red luminescent Si nanoparticles produce large voltage enhancements with improved power performance of 60% in the UV/blue range. In the visible, the enhancements are ∼10% for the red and ∼3% for the blue particles. The results point to a significant role for charge resonant transport across the nanofilm and Schottky-like rectification at nanoparticle-metal interface.
Erythropoietin transplacental passage — Review of animal studies (1995)

Animal studies addressing the question does erythropoietin (EPO) cross the placenta are reviewed in a historical context. The majority of early studies using impure EPO preparations and assays of EPO's biologic activity concluded that EPO did not cross the placenta in biologically meaningful quantities. With the availability of pure recombinant EPO, direct measurement of EPO passage using radiolabeled tracers confirmed these findings in near term sheep and monkeys, but not in mice and rats. In the latter species, fetal plasma EPO levels were 7-10% of maternal plasma levels. Although not proven, it is likely that in murine species maternal EPO reaches the fetal circulation via a receptor mediated process. Even though EPO receptors have not been found in late gestation ovine and human placental tissue, this does not eliminate the possibility that EPO could traverse the placenta earlier in gestation during organogenesis. Thus while treatment of anemic women during pregnancy may have desirable maternal physiologic effects and eliminate maternal and fetal risks associated with erythrocyte transfusion, the potential for as yet unrecognized untoward fetal effects of EPO remains. In addition to future animal studies, ethically acceptable and scientifically sound studies in appropriately selected high risk groups of anemic women are needed to address this concern.
Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Parsing (2000)

This article considers approaches which rerank the output of an existing probabilistic parser. The base parser produces a set of candidate parses for each input sentence, with associated probabilities that define an initial ranking of these parses. A second model then attempts to improve upon this initial ranking, using additional features of the tree as evidence. The strength of our approach is that it allows a tree to be represented as an arbitrary set of features, without concerns about how these features interact or overlap and without the need to define a derivation or a generative model which takes these features into account. We introduce a new method for the reranking task, based on the boosting approach to ranking problems described in Freund et al. (1998). We apply the boosting method to parsing the Wall Street Journal treebank. The method combined the log-likelihood under a baseline model (that of Collins [1999]) with evidence from an additional 500,000 features over parse trees that were not included in the original model. The new model achieved 89.75 % F-measure, a 13 % relative decrease in F-measure error over the baseline model’s score of 88.2%. The article also introduces a new algorithm for the boosting approach which takes advantage of the sparsity of the feature space in the parsing data. Experiments show significant efficiency gains for the new algorithm over the obvious implementation of the boosting approach. We argue that the method is an appealing alternative—in terms of both simplicity and efficiency—to work on feature selection methods within log-linear (maximum-entropy) models. Although the experiments in this article are on natural language parsing (NLP), the approach should be applicable to many other NLP problems which are naturally framed as ranking tasks, for example, speech recognition, machine translation, or natural language generation.
Object-Oriented Data Warehouse Design: Building A Star Schema (2000)

1. The Data Warehouse. Business Intelligence. The Data Warehouse. Decision Support Systems. Summary. Glossary. 2. Object-Oriented Design. The Development Process. Metadata. The Objective of Objects. Summary. Glossary. 3. Analysis and Design. The Definition Phase. The Analysis Phase. The Design Phase. Summary. Glossary. 4. The Implementation Model. Dimensionality. Dimensionality and Information Systems. Star Schema. Summary. Glossary. 5. Dimension Tables-the Nouns of the Data Warehouse. Dimension-Table Characteristics. Slowly Changing Dimensions. Constellations and Conforming Dimensions. Snowflakes. Dimension of Time. The Dimensions of BBBC. Summary. Glossary. 6. Fact Tables-The Verbs of the Data Warehouse. Fact Tables. Factless Fact Tables. Degenerate Dimensions. Degenerate Facts. Heterogeneous Fact Tables. BBBC Fact Tables. Summary. Glossary. 7. Implementation Considerations. Parallel Processing. Bitmapped Indexing. Star Query Optimization. Summation Tables. Web-Enabled Data Warehousing. The BBBC Data Warehouse. Summary. Glossary. Appendix A: The Spacially Enabled Data Warehouse. Analyzing Patient Needs. Appendix B: Extraction, Transformation, and Loading. The ETL Strategy. Appendix C: Metadata Standards. The Open Information Model. Common Warehouse Metadata. Appendix D: Conventional Wisdom, Tips, Hints, and General Advice. Glossary. Index.
B‐Cell Activation in Duodenal Mucosa after Oral Cholera Vaccination in IgA Deficient Subjects with or without IgG Subclass Deficiency (1993)

Alterations in duodenal Ig-producing cells induced by two oral cholera vaccinations were studied by two-colour immunofluorescence in mucosal tissue sections from adults with selective IgA deficiency (IgAD), either with (n = 7) or without (n = 9) frequent infections, infection-prone patients with combined IgAD and IgG subclass deficiency (IgGSD) (n = 7), and normal control subjects (n = 11). The proportion of IgG-producing cells prior to immunization tended to be lower in the symptomatic IgAD subjects than in the clinically healthy ones. In the first subgroup the absolute number of IgG cells per intestinal length unit was significantly increased after immunization (P < 0.04), and this tendency was also observed in the healthy IgAD subjects (6/9) and in those with combined deficiency (5/7). Very few IgAD subjects responded with an increase of IgM-producing cells. The normal controls responded variably in all major immunocyte classes, in the order IgA > IgG > IgM. Compared with these controls, the patients with combined IgAD and IgGSD showed significantly increased IgG1 (P < 0.01) and reduced IgG2 (P < 0.006) proportions, which was in accordance with their serum subclass levels. Our study showed that oral cholera vaccination preferentially activates intestinal IgG-producing cells in IgAD subjects. This result agreed with data recently obtained by ELISPOT in the same patients with regard to antibody-forming cells specific for cholera toxin. Both methods suggested that IgG rather than IgM antibodies are elicited as compensation for a lacking IgA response. However, our overall results showed that intestinal B-cell activation is quite variable after oral cholera vaccination. Although such vaccination might be of importance for enhancing mucosal immunity also in IgAD patients, a concurrent gut disease could possibly be aggravated by IgG-mediated mucosal immunopathology in the absence of anti-inflammatory IgA antibodies.
Simultaneously Collected Monopolar and Discrete Bipolar Electrograms: Comparison of Activation Time Detection Algorithms (1993)

Designation of the time of local activation is fundamental to electrophysiological mapping. In normal myocardium, the minimum slope in extracellular monopolar (MP) electrograms has been linked through simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings to phase 0 of the action potential. However, no similar correlation has been demonstrated for a parameter from bipolar (BP) electrograms, now commonly used during electrophysiological studies and intraoperative mapping. The purpose of this work is to compare the activation time, determined according to several common algorithms applied to BP electrograms, with the time of the minimum slope in MP electrograms. Simultaneous normal epicardial MP and BP electrograms were acquired from subjects undergoing surgery for Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome and from dogs. The activation time in BP electrograms was defined by four algorithms: (1) peak (P); (2) greatest absolute slope (S); (3) zero crossing of the segment containing the greatest slope (FZC); and (4) morphological (M). Each was compared to the time of the minimum slope in the simultaneously recorded MP response. The incidence of outliers was tabulated. The distribution of activation times computed using each BP algorithm was statistically different from the distribution of activation times derived from MP electrograms. M performed best (absolute difference: 2.6 +/- 2.9 msec; cor coef: 0.9925 in man). The M, P, FZC, and S algorithms produced 3.2%, 3.5%, 4.7% and 4.7% outliers, respectively. The overall performance of a morphologically based algorithm is superior to simplistic BP algorithms based only on slope or peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)