gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Atrioventricular Nodal Vagal Stimulation (2005)

Beneficial long-term ventricular rate slowing during AF can be achieved by implantation of a nerve stimulator attached to the epicardial AVN fat pad. This novel concept is an attractive alternative to other methods of rate control and may be applicable in a selected group of patients.
Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Hodgkinsine B (2011)

The power of palladium: The total synthesis of the alkaloid hodgkinsine B has been achieved with just six isolated intermediates and only four chromatographic operations. The route involves a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrizing N-allylation of meso- chimonanthine to establish the absolute configuration and elaboration of the desymmetrized core by a diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed α-oxindole arylation.
Phase 1 study of new formulation of patritumab (U3-1287) Process 2, a fully human anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody in combination with erlotinib in Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (2017)

Patritumab Process 2 formulation in combination with erlotinib was well tolerated compatible with favorable PK profile in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC.
Analysis of Memory B Cell Responses and Isolation of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Breadth from HIV-1-Infected Individuals (2010)

This study reveals that by using appropriate screening methods, a large proportion of memory B cells can be isolated that produce mAbs with HIV-1 neutralizing activity. Three of these mAbs show unusual breadth of neutralization and therefore add to the current panel of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies with potential for passive protection and template-based vaccine design.
Trans sodium crocetinate with temozolomide and radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (2016)

OBJECTIVE A new drug, trans sodium crocetinate (TSC), has been developed to enhance the delivery of oxygen to hypoxic tissues. Cancerous tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are very hypoxic, and it has been suggested that radiation therapy (RT) is more beneficial if tumors are better oxygenated. A Phase I/II clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of adding TSC to RT sessions. METHODS An open, single-arm clinical trial incorporating the standard of care (SOC) for GBM was conducted at 18 clinical sites. There were 6 weeks of RT consisting of 2 Gy/day for 5 days/week, beginning after an initial resection or stereotactic biopsy to confirm GBM. Temozolomide (TMZ), 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, was given before each RT session. The TSC, 0.25 mg/kg, was intravenously administered around 45 minutes before an RT session 3 days/week, usually on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. A Phase I run-in period included 2 cohorts. The first cohort contained 3 patients who were given a half dose of the intravenous TSC (that is, 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times per week for only the first 3 weeks of RT). After a Safety Monitoring Committee (SMC) had verified that no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) had occurred, a second cohort of 6 patients was given the same dosage of TSC but for the full 6 weeks of RT. After the SMC verified that no DLTs had occurred, Phase II began, with the administration of the full 18 doses of TSC. Fifty additional patients were enrolled during Phase II. Following the completion of RT, the patients rested for a month. After that, SOC TMZ chemotherapy (150-200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) was administered for 5 days of the 1st week of 6 monthly cycles. No TSC was administered during this chemotherapy phase or later in the trial. Any other follow-up therapies were administered at the discretion of the individual investigators. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 36% of the full-dose TSC patients were alive at 2 years, compared with historical survival values ranging from 27% to 30% for the SOC. Survival for the biopsy-only subset of patients was 40%, as compared with 42.9% for those patients having a complete resection before treatment. In addition, 2 of the 3 Phase I, Cohort 1 patients survived at 2 years. Contrast MRI data suggested that considerable pseudoprogression had occurred. Both Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires indicated that a good quality of life existed for most patients throughout the trial. No serious adverse events occurring in the trial were attributed to TSC. CONCLUSIONS This trial contained a single arm consisting of 59 patients. The results strongly suggested that adding TSC during RT is beneficial for the treatment of GBM. Trans sodium crocetinate offers a novel, easily implemented way to combat hypoxia in tumor tissue. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01465347 ( clinicaltrials.gov ).
Predictability and effect of phase behavior of CO2/propylene carbonate in supercritical fluid chromatography (1991)

Abstract The phase behavior (P‐T‐ x ) of propylene carbonate was studied using a variable volume view cell for the regions applicable to supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and extraction (SFE). Type 5 phase behavior was observed. Phase separation was shown to significantly alter retention and selectivity in the analysis of coal extracts by capillary SFC. Propylene carbonate was found to have limited use as a modifier in capillary SFC. With 5.1 mol% propylene carbonate at 60°C, a single phase is maintained only at pressures above 250 atm. Twenty‐two methods used to estimate critical pressure (P c ), twenty‐seven methods used to estimate critical temperature (T c ), and thirty methods used to estimate critical volume (V c ) were evaluated for various modifiers employed in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). None of the methods could predict P c , T c , or V c to within a 5% relative error for all of the modifiers tested. However, several of the methods were successful in predicting P c , T c , or V c to within 5% for select chemical classes of compounds. Four methods used to estimate the vapor‐liquid critical loci of binary mixtures not only failed to accurately predict vapor‐liquid separation, but failed to predict the type of phase separation occurring. None of the above methods could reliably estimate the critrical parameters of propylene carbonate or the critical parameters of the mixture.
Efficacy of a Tetravalent Chimeric Dengue Vaccine (DENVax) in Cynomolgus Macaques (2011)

Three tetravalent formulations of chimeric dengue (DENVax) viruses containing the pre-membrane and envelope genes of serotypes 1-4 expressed by the attenuated DENV-2 PDK-53 genome were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Subcutaneous injection of the DENVax formulations was well-tolerated. Low levels of viremia of only one of the four vaccine viruses were detected yet virus neutralizing antibody titers were induced against all four dengue virus serotypes after one or two administrations of vaccine. All animals immunized with the high-dose formulation were protected from viremia, and all immunized animals were completely protected from DENV-3 and DENV-4 challenge. A lower dose of DENVax formulation partially protected animals from DENV-1 or DENV-2 challenge. In contrast, all control animals developed high levels of viremia for multiple days after challenge with DENV 1-4. This study highlights the immunogenicity and efficacy of the tetravalent DENVax formulations in nonhuman primates.
1999–2000 JCAHO Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Home Care (1999)

Principal and Home Care Consultant for Home Health Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia. She is also a Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) home care surveyor and faculty member for the JCAHO department of education programs. Ms. Friedman may be reached at (770) 650–7414; fax (770) 650–7415; e-mail: [email protected].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Penicillin Derived Polymers Utilizing Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization Methodology. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SAW-controlled drop size for flow focusing (2013)

We demonstrate the regularization of droplet formation by applying a surface acoustic wave (SAW) localized at the flow-focus junction of a drop maker. This allows electronic control of drop size in real time, without changing the flow rates or microchannel dimensions.
Autoregulation of the Plasmid Addiction Operon of Bacteriophage P1 (1996)

The P1 plasmid addiction operon increases the apparent stability of a plasmid that carries it by killing plasmid-free (cured) segregants. The operon consists of a gene encoding an endotoxin responsible for death on curing (doc), preceded by a gene encoding a relatively unstable antidote that can prevent host death (phd). When the copy number of the operon was increased, expression of a lacZ reporter fused to the promoter of the operon decreased, indicating that expression of the operon was stabilized by an autoregulatory circuit. Transcription of the lacZ reporter was repressed about 10-fold when phd, without doc, was expressed from an exogenous promoter. DNase I footprinting showed that Phd binds a perfect 10-base pair palindromic DNA sequence and, at higher concentrations, an adjacent, imperfect palindrome. The palindromic sites are located between the -10 region of the putative promoter and the start codon of phd. Electrophoretic mobility of DNA containing the promoter region was retarded in the presence of Phd and further retarded in the presence of Phd and Doc. When doc was co-expressed with phd, repression of the lacZ fusion was enhanced more than 100-fold. Thus, both products of the addiction operon participate in its autoregulation.
Molecular cloning of two human cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABP). Retinoic acid-induced expression of CRABP-II but not CRABP-I in adult human skin in vivo and in skin fibroblasts in vitro. (1991)

Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABP) are low molecular weight proteins whose precise function remains unknown. To investigate the role of CRABP in human skin we have cloned the human CRABP-II cDNA as well as the coding region of human CRABP-I. The predicted amino acid sequences of human CRABP-I and CRABP-II demonstrated a 99.3 and 93.5% identity to mouse CRABP-I and CRABP-II, respectively. CRABP-I transcripts were undetectable in adult human epidermis by RNA blot hybridization, while the CRABP-II cDNA probe detected an approximately 1.2-kilobase mRNA transcript. External application of 0.1% retinoic acid cream in vivo for 16 h resulted in a 16-fold induction of CRABP-II transcripts, while CRABP-I mRNA remained undetectable. Expression of CRABP-II, but not CRABP-I mRNA, was also markedly increased (greater than 15-fold) by retinoic acid treatment of fibroblasts cultured from human skin, whereas no significant induction of CRABP-II mRNA was observed in human lung fibroblasts. Human CRABP-II but not CRABP-I mRNA was significantly increased by agents which are known to induce keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. The marked inducibility of the CRABP-II gene is compatible with the idea that this isoform is important in retinoic acid-mediated regulation of human skin growth and differentiation.
Comparison of spontaneous atrial fibrillation electrogram potentials with the P-wave electrogram amplitude in dual chamber pacing with unipolar atrial sensing (2000)

Once it is known that a substantial reduction exists in electrogram amplitude, compared with the P wave electrogram potential, an estimate can be made of whether AF potentials will be sensed, if the programming of atrial sensitivity is congruent with the P-wave characteristics and the presence or absence of myopotential triggering.
2009年教师调查：面向图书馆、出版商和社会团体的关键战略洞察（上） (2010)

引言伊萨卡战略与研究部（Ithaka S＋R）的教师调查为学术信息服务提供商所面临的关键战略问题提供了一个定期检查机制。从2000年起，伊萨卡战略与研究部每三年进行一次这样的调查，这些调查研究的范围十分广泛，
Detection of Norwalk Virus and Other Genogroup 1 Human Caliciviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody, RecombinantAntigen-Based Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (1998)

Sera obtained from two groups of adult volunteers infected with Norwalk virus (NV) and two groups of patients involved in two natural outbreaks were tested for NV-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) by use of a monoclonal antibody, recombinant-antigen-based IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA). No NV-reactive IgM was detected in the preinoculation sera of 15 volunteers, and 14 of 15 showed NV-reactive antibodies postinfection with NV. All of the volunteers showed IgG seroconversion to NV. In the outbreak studies, all 9 persons in one outbreak and 19 of 24 in another outbreak had NV-reactive IgM. In the first outbreak, only three of nine seroconverted to NV, which was likely due to late collection of acute-phase sera. In the second outbreak, 21 of 24 showed IgG seroconversion to NV. Sequencing of viruses isolated from five stool samples selected from those in the second outbreak showed that they were human calicivirus (HuCV) genogroup 1 viruses related, but not identical, to NV. In the volunteer studies, NV-reactive IgM was first detected 8 days postinoculation. The time of development of NV-reactive IgM antibodies in natural outbreaks was estimated to be similar to that found in the volunteer studies. Sera from three Hawaii virus-infected volunteers, four Snow Mountain virus patients, and 80 healthy individuals were negative for NV-reactive IgM, indicating test specificity for HuCV genogroup I infections. This capture IgM EIA is suitable for diagnosis of NV and other HuCV genogroup I infections and is especially useful when sera and fecal samples have not been collected early in the course of an outbreak.
Long DOP-PCR of rare archival anthropological samples. (2000)

The application of molecular DNA technologies to anthropological questions has meant that rare or archival samples of human remains, including blood, hair, and bone, can now be used as a source of material for genetic analysis. Often, these samples are irreplaceable, and/or yield very small quantities of DNA, so methods for preamplifying as much of the whole genome as possible would greatly enhance their usefulness. DOP-PCR (degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction) is an amplification method that uses a degenerate primer and very low initial annealing temperatures to amplify the whole genome. We adapted a published DOP-PCR protocol to long PCR enzyme and amplification conditions. The effectiveness of these modifications was tested by PCR amplification of DOP-PCR products at a mixture of genomic targets including 66 different microsatellites, 11 Alu insertion polymorphisms, and variable-length segments of the human lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL). The selected microsatellite markers were chosen to represent every chromosome, with expected product sizes ranging from 150 base pairs to 8,000 base pairs in length, while the 22 Alu insertion polymorphisms were selected to reveal biases in the recovery of alleles of different sizes. To determine nucleotide sequence variation, 2 kilobases (kb) of the LPL gene in 30 Mongolian individuals were sequenced. All gene-specific targets from DOP-PCR product template were amplified. No unexpected polymorphisms in the sequence results attributable to the DOP-PCR step were found, and 93% to 95% of Alu genotypes that have been amplified from total genomic DNA were replicated. The incorrect typings were all due to the preferential amplification of the shorter of two possible alleles in individuals heterozygous for an Alu insertion and were all correctly typed on subsequent reamplification of the gene-specific PCR products. This method of whole-genome amplification promises to be an efficient way to maximize the genetic use of rare anthropological samples.
Robust, Double-Walled Microcapsules for Self-Healing Polymeric Materials (2010)

Double-walled polyurethane/poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules (PU/UF) are prepared for use in self-healing materials. This modified encapsulation procedure combines two chemistries to form more robust capsule shell walls in a single operation. Robust capsules are formed by this procedure as long as the aromatic polyisocyanate prepolymer is soluble in the core liquid and the core liquid is compatible with isocyanates. Compared to a standard UF encapsulation, the modified procedure results in capsules with an increase in shell wall thickness from 200 to 675 nm as a function of the amount of PU added to the core liquid. Thermal stability of PU/UF microcapsules prepared with varying amounts of PU is compared to UF microcapsules. Mechanical properties of the PU/UF microcapsules are assessed from single-capsule compression testing.
Effects of Morin on an Experimental Model of Acute Colitis in Rats (1998)

The flavonoid morin was tested for anti-inflammatory activity in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Rats were pretreated orally with several doses of the flavonoid (5, 10, 25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) 48, 24 and 1 h before and 24 h after colitis induction and examined for colonic damage 48 h after colitis induction. Colonic inflammation was characterized by diffuse hemorrhagic necrosis of the mucosa, bowel wall thickening, impairment of fluid absorption, increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, enhanced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis, glutathione depletion and increased levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA). Morin treatment, at doses ranging from 10 to 200 mg/kg, significantly reduced colonic macroscopic damage. This beneficial effect was also confirmed by inhibition of colonic MPO activity. Several mechanisms may contribute to the protective effect exerted by morin. First, inhibition of colonic LTB4 synthesis is a common feature for all the active doses of the flavonoid. Second, the antioxidant properties of morin, which partially prevented colonic glutathione depletion (at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg) or inhibited colonic MDA production (at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg), can collaborate in preventing TNBS-induced inflammation.
SemiConductor Wafer Bonding: Science and Technology (1998)

Basics of Interactions Between Flat Surfaces. Influence of Particles, Surface Steps, and Cavities. Surface Preparation and Room-Temperature Wafer Bonding. Thermal Treatment of Bonded Wafer Pairs. Thinning Procedures. Electrical Properties of Bonding Interfaces. Stresses in Bonded Wafers. Bonding of Dissimilar Materials. Bonding of Structured Wafers. Mainstream Applications. Emerging and Future Applications. Index.
Carbon Nanotube “T Junctions”: Nanoscale Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Contact Devices (1997)

Stable ``T junctions'' of single-walled carbon nanotubes forming one of the smallest prototypes of microscopic metal-semiconductor-metal contacts are proposed. The structures have been found to be local minima of the total energy on relaxation with a generalized tight-binding molecular dynamics scheme. These quasi-2D junctions could be the building blocks of nanoscale tunnel junctions in a 2D network of nanoelectronic devices.
Epidermal growth factor receptor biology (IMC-C225) (2001)

Treatment of solid tumors despite improved techniques in detection, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy remains difficult. Therefore, strategies to improve efficacy in accord with safety are needed. Many epithelial cancers have been found to overexpress the receptor to epidermal growth factor (EGFR), including head and neck, breast, colon, lung, prostate, kidney, ovary, brain, pancreas, and bladder. Because overexpression of EGFR has been associated with an overall poor prognosis in patients with cancer, a number of strategies to block or downregulate EGFR have been developed to inhibit tumor proliferation and improve overall clinical outcome. These include monoclonal antibodies to the EGFR, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ligand-linked toxins, and antisense approaches. Antibodies such as IMC-C225 specifically target EGF receptors, whereas tyrosine kinase inhibition by many small molecules is less specific. Ultimately, IMC-C225 may prove to become a valuable contributor in the treatment of cancer. This report will focus on IMC-C225, a novel monoclonal antibody that targets the EGFR.
Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25–35)-induced memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses (2008)

In conclusion Kihi-to clearly improved the memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses.
Crystallization at Inorganic-organic Interfaces: Biominerals and Biomimetic Synthesis (1993)

Crystallization is an important process in a wide range of scientific disciplines including chemistry, physics, biology, geology, and materials science. Recent investigations of biomineralization indicate that specific molecular interactions at inorganic-organic interfaces can result in the controlled nucleation and growth of inorganic crystals. Synthetic systems have highlighted the importance of electrostatic binding or association, geometric matching (epitaxis), and stereochemical correspondence in these recognition processes. Similarly, organic molecules in solution can influence the morphology of inorganic crystals if there is molecular complementarity at the crystal-additive interface. A biomimetic approach based on these principles could lead to the development of new strategies in the controlled synthesis of inorganic nanophases, the crystal engineering of bulk solids, and the assembly of organized composite and ceramic materials.
Pharmacological Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Strategies (2012)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood that can result in significant functional impairment, and if not adequately treated can lead to impaired quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is considered the first-line treatment for ADHD in children and adolescents. We review both recent literature and seminal studies regarding the pharmacological treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. There is ample evidence for the efficacy and safety of both stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. We review important aspects of evaluation and assessment and discuss first-line pharmacological treatments and as well as when to consider using alternative pharmacological agents. Treatment approaches to manage frequently seen comorbid disorders with ADHD are also covered.
A new perspective (2007)

If the present state of the literature teaches us anything, it must be that there is a variety of activities that can be outsourced. The challenge I will set myself in this chapter is to find a common denominator for the outsourcing of various activities, by focusing on the shared space, or relatedness, between them and providing a perspective that helps to discern how the outsourcing of various activities has an impact on overall firm performance. I will start this chapter by identifying what I believe to be a major weakness of the outsourcing literature, its inability to predict performance at the firm level based on overall outsourcing levels. I will then propose the construct of “outsourceability,” defined as the degree to which it is beneficial to outsource a given activity. Since there are differing degrees of outsourceability across activities, it makes sense to outsource some of these activities while integrating others into the firm. Firms that get all their outsourcing decisions right are in a sense optimizing their performance. It will be shown that deviations from this optimum are costly, in such a way that at the firm level the outsourcing–performance relation takes on a negative curvilinear shape. Finally I will discuss some empirical and practical evidence to support this new, negative curvilinear perspective.