gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repeated treatment with lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) as a topical anaesthetic for the cleansing of venous leg ulcers. A controlled study. (1993)

Repeated topical analgesia with EMLA 5% cream prior to the cleansing of venous leg ulcers was studied. Patients were randomly allocated to a series of 8 treatments with EMLA (n = 22) or to a control group (n = 21). A thick layer of the cream was applied to the ulcers for 30 min. At each of the 8 treatments, local reactions were assessed on a 4-point scale and pain from ulcer cleansing on a visual analogue scale. At the first and the last treatment the area of the ulcer was determined by mapping, a sample for a bacterial culture was taken and the amount of dead tissue, slough and granulation tissue present was assessed. Treatment with EMLA for 30 min significantly decreased the pain from cleansing of the leg ulcers and the frequency of post-cleansing pain. The analgesic effect remained unchanged with successive treatments. Repeated treatment with EMLA in leg ulcers would appear to be safe, as indicated by the absence of any serious untoward events. No statistically significant differences in local reactions or adverse effects on granulation tissue, ulcer area or bacterial flora were observed in the EMLA-treated patients compared with the control patients.
Coordinate Expression of the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Genes, accB and accC , Is Necessary for Normal Regulation of Biotin Synthesis in Escherichia coli (2006)

Transcription of the biotin (bio) biosynthetic operon of Escherichia coli is negatively regulated by the BirA protein, an atypical repressor protein in that it is also an enzyme. The BirA-catalyzed reaction involves the covalent attachment of biotin to AccB, a subunit of acetyl coenzyme (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase. The two functions of BirA allow regulation of the bio operon to respond to the intracellular concentrations of both biotin and unbiotinylated AccB. We report here that bio operon expression is down-regulated by overproduction of AccC, another acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit known to form a complex with AccB. This down-regulation is eliminated when AccB and AccC are coordinately overexpressed, but only when the AccB partner is competent to bind AccC. Under AccC overexpression conditions AccB is underbiotinylated. These findings can be explained by a model in which excess AccC sequesters AccB in a complex that is a poor substrate for biotinylation. The observed disruption of biotin synthesis and attachment provides an excellent rationale for the observation that in the vast majority of sequenced bacterial genomes AccB and AccC are encoded in a two-gene operon.
Orally Active Isoxazoline Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists with Extended Duration of Action (1999)

Modification of the alpha-carbamate substituent of isoxazoline GPIIb/IIIa (alphaIIb beta3) antagonist DMP 754 (7) led to a series of alpha-sulfonamide and alpha-sulfamide diaminopropionate isoxazolinylacetamides which were found to be potent inhibitors of in vitro platelet aggregation. Aryl- and heteroaryl-alpha-sulfonamide groups, in conjunction with (5R)-isoxazoline (2S)-diaminopropionate stereochemistry, were found to impart a pronounced duration of antiplatelet effect in dogs, potentially due to high affinity for unactivated platelets. Isoxazolylsulfonamide 34b (DMP 802), a highly selective GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, demonstrated a prolonged duration of action after iv and po dosing and high affinity for resting and activated platelets. The prolonged antiplatelet profile of DMP 802 in dogs and the high affinity of DMP 802 for human platelets may be predictive of clinical utility as a once-daily antiplatelet agent.
<title>Acousto-Optic Laser Recording</title> (1979)

This paper describes techniques for the implementation of high speed, high resolution laser line and/or raster scanned recorders through use of acousto-optic deflection and modulation. A rationale for the design of scanned imaging is presented, discussing such topics as horizontal and vertical MTF, exposure reauirements when scanning with a Gaussian spot and the effect of film characteristics (gamma). A description of several working systems is presented. These include the LR-100/200 Laser Recorder which involves the recording of 875 line television imagery on 8 and 16mm dry processed film, and a high resolution line scanner (4000-6000 spots) that was brassboarded solely with the use of acousto-optic components. The heart of each of these systems is a patented acousto-optic device called the chirp scanner which permits high resolution, high speed scans with literally zero flyback time. This device also forms the basis of a future system capable of direct digital recording at a 150 to 200 Mbit rate.
Differential Regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokine Responses by Placental Protein 14 (2004)

The potency of TCR signaling during primary CD4+ T cell activation influences initial cytokine expression patterns and subsequent polarization toward either Th1 or Th2 subsets. In this study, we demonstrate that the T cell inhibitor placental protein 14 (PP14; glycodelin) preferentially inhibits Th1 cytokine responses and chemokine expression when present during ex vivo priming of CD4+ T cells. PP14 synergizes with exogenously added IL-4 in skewing T cell responses. Significantly, PP14 impairs the down-regulation of GATA-3 transcriptional regulator expression that normally accompanies T cell activation, which is a prerequisite for Th1 development. Taken together, these data document for the first time the ability of PP14 to skew Th responses.
Antineuronal Antibodies (1994)

Fluorescent serum antibody determinations were used to examine whether children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or less pervasive obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) would show evidence of caudate nucleus involvement. Recent studies of OCD have documented smaller caudate nucleus volumes in adults with childhood onset than in normal controls, but not smaller putamen volumes. Thirty-eight cases were recruited from an ongoing study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Nineteen samples from clinical cases had existing or previously documented OCS and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without concomitant tics. Nineteen additional clinical controls with ADHD, but without tics or OCS, were identified. The sera from clinical cases showed antibodies directed against caudate [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 4.1], putamen (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8), or both (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.58 to 5.7) at a rate significantly higher than that of clinical controls, providing evidence of basal ganglia involvement in OCS. These preliminary data do not support a differential effect against caudate compared to putamen for these children, but suggest a more generalized central nervous system response.
Tranilast Prevents Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β System, Leukocyte Accumulation, and Neointimal Growth in Porcine Coronary Arteries After Stenting (2002)

N(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (tranilast) prevents the synchronous upregulation of isoforms and receptors of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta system after arterial injury and reduces restenosis after human coronary angioplasty. However, the effects of tranilast and the importance of the TGF-beta system in stent restenosis, in which inward remodeling is unimportant but inflammatory cell stimulation of neointima formation is exaggerated, are uncertain. Boston minipigs, treated with tranilast or vehicle, were subjected to endoluminal stenting, and the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3, the expression of their signaling receptors ALK-5 and TbetaR-II, leukocyte numbers around the stent struts, and neointima development were assessed over 28 days. Stenting greatly increased early (5-day) mRNA expression of the 2 TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors. Immunohistochemical localization later showed that their concentrations were greatest in regions adjacent to stent struts, where leukocytes and collagen deposition were prevalent. Tranilast suppressed these elevations in TGF-beta mRNAs and reduced their immunoreactive peptides detectable around stent struts. The accumulation of leukocytes and deposition of collagen in these regions was also greatly inhibited by tranilast. These effects were associated with a 48% reduction in maximal neointimal cross-sectional area and 43% reduction in mean neointimal cross-sectional area at 28 days (P<0.05). We conclude that tranilast suppresses neointima development after stenting, effects that can be at least partly attributed to its ability to attenuate the induction of the TGF-beta system and leukocyte accumulation around stent struts.
Electronic properties of silicon nanowires (2004)

This paper investigates the electronic structure of Si nanowires demonstrating the effect of wire thickness on the bangap, conduction valley splitting, hole band splitting, effective masses, and transmission. We use two different models, a three-dimensional (3D) discretization of the single-band effective mass equation, and a nearest neighbor sp/sup 3/d/sup 5/s* model, where the Hamiltonian matrix elements, are optimized with a genetic algorithm. Transmission coefficients are calculated using the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism with a recursive Green function algorithm.
SIW varactor-tuned phase shifter and phase modulator (2012)

We first design a 360° SIW phase shifter. With this phase shifter, a phase modulator is implemented, whose control voltage is adjusted by an external encoder circuit. The performance of the proposed phase modulator is simulated in ADS and correlated to the measurements.
Preferential Replication of Systemically Delivered Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus in Focally Irradiated Glioma Xenografts (2012)

These findings show a potential clinical role of focal IR in sensitizing irradiated tumor sites for preferential vaccinia virus-mediated oncolysis.
Interferon γ Induction of Pulmonary Emphysema in the Adult Murine Lung (2000)

Chronic inflammation containing CD8(+) lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, and pulmonary emphysema coexist in lungs from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although this inflammatory response is believed to cause the remodeling that is seen in these tissues, the mechanism(s) by which inflammation causes emphysema have not been defined. Here we demonstrate that interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a prominent product of CD8(+) cells, causes emphysema with alveolar enlargement, enhanced lung volumes, enhanced pulmonary compliance, and macrophage- and neutrophil-rich inflammation when inducibly targeted, in a transgenic fashion, to the adult murine lung. Prominent protease and antiprotease alterations were also noted in these mice. They included the induction and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and cathepsins B, H, D, S, and L, the elaboration of MMP-9, and the selective inhibition of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor. IFN-gamma causes emphysema and alterations in pulmonary protease/antiprotease balance when expressed in pulmonary tissues.
Defects in B Lymphocyte Maturation and T Lymphocyte Activation in Mice Lacking Jak3 (1995)

Biochemical studies of signaling mediated by many cytokine and growth factor receptors have implicated members of the Jak family of tyrosine kinases in these pathways. Specifically, Jak3 has been shown to be associated with the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain, a component of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Mice lacking Jak3 showed a severe block in B cell development at the pre-B stage in the bone marrow. In contrast, although the thymuses of these mice were small, T cell maturation progressed relatively normally. In response to mitogenic signals, peripheral T cells in Jak3-deficient mice did not proliferate and secreted small amounts of IL-2. These data demonstrate that Jak3 is critical for the progression of B cell development in the bone marrow and for the functional competence of mature T cells.
Recombinant Retroviruses Pseudotyped With the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Glycoprotein Mediate Both Stable Gene Transfer and Pseudotransduction in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (1997)

It is essential for the study of T-cell function and the improvement of adoptive cell therapies to efficiently generate large populations of human primary T cells that reliably express foreign genes. This goal is achieved by using recombinant retroviruses pseudotyped with either the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) envelope or the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) glycoprotein. We show here that both retroviral particles mediate stable gene transfer in CD4+ and in CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured under optimized conditions. However, VSV-G–pseudotyped virions may cause transduction artifacts that must be carefully excluded. The VSV-G virions require 10- to 100-fold higher concentrations of infectious particles to achieve levels of gene transfer comparable to GaLV-virions. Nonetheless, the physical stability of VSV-G–coated particles enables the concentration of viral stocks to 109 infectious particles per milliliter or more.
Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease With Clofazimine (1997)

Clofazimine (Lamprene) is an antimycobacterial drug that has antiinflammatory activity in a number of chronic autoimmune skin disorders. We report 22 patients treated with clofazimine for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The initial dose was 300 mg orally in a single daily dose for 90 days. After 90 days, the dose was lowered to 100 mg orally each day and the medication continued indefinitely as tolerated. Treatment courses lasted 7 to 835 days and were generally well tolerated. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in eight of 22 patients (36%) and hyperpigmentation was noted in 12 of 22 patients (55%), which resolved upon decrease or discontinuation of the drug. Over 50% of patients with skin involvement, flexion contractures, or oral manifestations achieved complete or partial responses. Seven of 22 patients (32%) were able to reduce other immunosuppressive medications. Thus, clofazimine is safe and has encouraging efficacy in cGVHD, particularly if sclerodermatous skin, joint contractures, or oral manifestations are present. The mechanism by which clofazimine induces a response is unknown, but might be secondary to suppression of alloreactive T-cell function in cGVHD target organs. Clofazimine deserves further study for the treatment of cGVHD.
Synchronous versus nonsynchronous high-frequency jet ventilation (1987)

In order to compare the differences of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) synchronized with the cardiac cycle (sync) to that nonsynchronized with the cardiac cycle (async), ten stable postoperative ICU patients, without heart failure, in sinus rhythm were ventilated randomly in either mode. The async mode was HFJV at 100 cycle/min, while the sync mode was HFJV triggered by the R-wave of the ECG tracing. The heart rate ranged between 64 and 127 beat/min. Synchronization was studied at one of two periods, sync 0 and sync 60. Sync 0 consisted of inspiration triggered by the R-wave, with jet ventilation occurring early in systole; sync 60 represented a 60% delay of the time between the succeeding R-waves, with jet ventilation occurring in mid-diastole. There was no significant difference in the cardiorespiratory data when async was compared to either sync 0 or sync 60. Therefore, in these patients without heart failure, the selection of async vs. either sync mode appeared to have neither adverse nor beneficial hemodynamic effects.
Dacetuzumab, a humanized mAb against CD40 for the treatment of hematological malignancies. (2009)

Dacetuzumab, a humanized mAb targeting the CD40 antigen, is in development by Seattle Genetics Inc and licensee Genentech Inc for the potential treatment of hematological malignancies. The CD40 antigen is a highly expressed cell surface transmembrane protein that is present in normal B-cells. Experiments using blocking antibodies for the CD40 ligand demonstrated that CD40 signaling may play a role in the development and maintenance of B-cell hematological malignancies and some solid tumors. In vitro, dacetuzumab exhibited antitumor activity against several B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, and induced direct apoptosis as well as the engagement of effective antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In vivo, dacetuzumab demonstrated enhanced antitumor efficacy in combination with other mAbs and chemotherapeutic agents; many of these combinations are now being tested clinically. Early clinical trials have evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of dacetuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas or MM. Targeting CD40 with dacetuzumab resulted in modest antitumor activity in B-cell lymphomas and, to a lesser extent, in MM. In particular, patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma responded well to dacetuzumab; the drug is being pursued for this indication in phase II trials.
Theory of Complex Spectra. III (1943)

The consideration of the phases of the fractional-parentage coefficients allows the extension of the matrix methods to configurations with more than two equivalent electrons. Tables are given for the parentages of the terms of ${p}^{n}$ and ${d}^{n}$. Applications are made to the spin-orbit interaction of the ${d}^{n}$ terms and to the electrostatic interaction between the configurations ${d}^{n}$, ${d}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}s$, and ${d}^{n\ensuremath{-}2}{s}^{2}$. Errata in Part II are indicated.
Organometallic Catalysis in Diene and Cyclo-olefin Polymerisation Processes. II. The Metathesis Reaction in Polymer Chemistry (1984)

The development of ideas concerning the mechanism of the metathesis reaction and its employment in polymer chemistry are examined. The possible applications of the metathesis reaction in the synthesis of polymers by the polymerisation of cycloolefins and cyclodienes with ring opening and via the degradation of high-molecular-weight rubbers and their modification are discussed. The bibliography includes 160 references.
CASTLE: Continuously Anonymizing Data Streams (2010)

Most of the existing privacy-preserving techniques, such as k-anonymity methods, are designed for static data sets. As such, they cannot be applied to streaming data which are continuous, transient, and usually unbounded. Moreover, in streaming applications, there is a need to offer strong guarantees on the maximum allowed delay between incoming data and the corresponding anonymized output. To cope with these requirements, in this paper, we present Continuously Anonymizing STreaming data via adaptive cLustEring (CASTLE), a cluster-based scheme that anonymizes data streams on-the-fly and, at the same time, ensures the freshness of the anonymized data by satisfying specified delay constraints. We further show how CASTLE can be easily extended to handle ℓ-diversity. Our extensive performance study shows that CASTLE is efficient and effective w.r.t. the quality of the output data.
The resistance of certain tissues to invasion: penetrability of explanted tissues by vascularized mesenchyme. (1973)

If puppy tissues are explanted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane, those tissues which normally have a blood supply are rapidly invaded by vascularized mesenchyme of host origin. Hyaline cartilage, a tissue virtually devoid of blood vessels, is impenetrable by proliferating mesenchyme of the host, while calcified cartilage, which normally is vascularized, is penetrable. The stroma of the cornea, another normally avascular tissue, is readily penetrable, but Descemet's membrane forms a barrier to invasion by host tissues. The experimental system used permits the design of experiments in which the study of factors responsible for the resistance of tissues such as cartilage to invasion can be undertaken.
Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review (2013)

Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) represent a major burden for patients and health care systems. Innovative sampling techniques have led to the identification of several pulmonary biomarkers. Although some molecules are promising, their usefulness in clinical practice is not yet established. Medline and Highwire databases were used to identify studies evaluating pulmonary sampled biomarkers in ECOPD. We combined 3 terms for ECOPD, 3 for biomarkers and 6 for the sampling method. Seventy-nine studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review and were analyzed further. Pulmonary biomarkers sampled with non-invasive, semi-invasive and invasive methods were evaluated for their potential to illustrate the disease's clinical course, to correlate to clinical variables and to predict clinical outcomes, ECOPD etiology and response to treatment. According to published data several pulmonary biomarkers assessed in ECOPD have the potential to illustrate the natural history of disease through the modification of their levels. Among the clinically relevant molecules, those that have been studied the most and appear to be promising are spontaneous and induced sputum biomarkers for reflecting clinical severity and symptomatic recovery, as well as for directing towards an etiological diagnosis. Current evidence on the clinical usefulness of exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers in ECOPD is limited. In conclusion, pulmonary biomarkers have the potential to provide information on the mechanisms underlying ECOPD, and several correlate with clinical variables and outcomes. However, on the basis of published evidence, no single molecule is adequately validated for wide clinical use. Clinical trials that incorporate biomarkers in decisional algorithms are required.
Up-Regulation of the Claudin-6 Gene in Adipogenesis (2005)

To investigate the role of claudin-6 in adipogenesis, claudin-6 mRNA was examined in adipose tissues and adipocyte differentiation. Claudin-6 mRNA was found to be differentially expressed in four different adipose tissues, and up-regulated in each fat depot of mice fed a high-fat diet as compared to a normal-fat diet. Levels of claudin-6 transcripts were increased during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated reduction of claudin-6 mRNA inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest that claudin-6 is another important regulator in adipogenesis and fat deposition.
Synthesis, complexation and NMR relaxation properties of Gd3+ complexes of Mes(DO3A)3 (2011)

Medium sized molecules endowed with multiple Gd(3+) complexes are efficient high magnetic field MRI contrast agents. The novel ligand Mes(DO3A)(3), presenting three DO3A (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N''-triacetatic acid) units grafted on the methyl positions of a central mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), has been synthesized. Designed as an MRI contrast agent, this ligand is complexed with Gd(3+) and its efficiency is characterized by variable field (1)H-NMR and variable temperature (17)O-NMR. The evaluation of the relaxation and paramagnetic chemical shift data allowed the identification of an undesired binuclear complex which is obtained by using the classical procedure for complexation as described in the literature. An intramolecular capping mechanism appears to be responsible for the failure to introduce a third Gd(3+) ion into the ligand. A new alternative method, based on pre-complexation with Mg(2+) followed by transmetallation is described here and leads to the expected trinuclear Gd(3+) complex [Mes{Gd(DO3A)(H(2)O)(2)}(3)]. The rate constants for the water exchange (k(ex)(298) = 32 × 10(6) s(-1)) for the bi- and trinuclear complex appeared to be the same, which is surprising in relation to the difference in the charge of the complex and to the difference in the number of coordinated water molecules, one and two per Gd(3+) for the binuclear and trinuclear complex, respectively.