gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global expression profiling of yeast treated with an inhibitor of amino acid biosynthesis, sulfometuron methyl (2000)

The expression pattern of 1,529 yeast genes in response to sulfometuron methyl (SM) was analyzed by DNA microarray technology. SM, a potent herbicide, inhibits acetolactate synthase, a branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzyme. Exposure of yeast cells to 0.2 microg/ml SM resulted in 40% growth inhibition, a Gcn4p-mediated induction of genes involved in amino acid and cofactor biosynthesis, and starvation response. The accumulation of intermediates led to the induction of stress response genes and the repression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and sulfur assimilation. Extended exposure to SM led to a relaxation of the initial response and induction of sugar transporter and ergosterol biosynthetic genes, as well as repression of histone and lipid metabolic genes. Exposure to 5 microg/ml SM resulted in >98% growth inhibition and stimulated a similar initial expression change, but with no relaxation after extended exposure. Instead, more stress response and DNA damage repair genes become induced, suggesting a serious cellular consequence. Other salient features of metabolic regulation, such as the coordinated expression of cofactor biosynthetic genes with amino acid biosynthetic ones, were evident from our data. A potential link between SM sensitivity and ergosterol metabolism was uncovered by expression profiling and confirmed by genetic analysis.
Improved Procedure for the Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins by OsO4−NaIO4 (2004)

[reaction: see text] Oxidative cleavage of olefins by OsO(4)-NaIO(4) sometimes suffers from low yields due to the formation of side products. It is found that the addition of 2,6-lutidine can suppress the side reactions and dramatically improve the yield of this classic reaction.
Benefit of Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Individuals: Outcome of Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Studies From Three European Expert Centers (2016)

Surveillance of CDNK2A mutation carriers is relatively successful, detecting most PDACs at a resectable stage. The benefit of surveillance in families with FPC is less evident.
Software Decoys: Intrusion Detection and Countermeasures (2002)

We introduce the notion of an intelligent software decoy, and provide both an architecture and event-based language for automatic implementation of them. Our decoys detect and respond to patterns of suspicious behavior, and maintain a repository of rules for behavior patterns and decoying actions. As an example, we construct a model of system behavior from an initial list of event types and their attributes in the interaction between computer worms an operating system. The model represents patterns of suspicious or malicious events that the software decoy should detect, and specific actions to be taken in response. Our approach explicitly treats both standard and nonstandard invocations of components, with the latter representing an attempt to circumvent the public interface of the component.
Molecular pathology and pathogenesis of inclusion‐body myositis (2005)

We summarize the molecular phenotype, diagnostic criteria, and the newest advances related to seeking the pathogenic mechanism(s) of sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM), a muscle disease usually of persons over age 50. On the basis of our research, several processes seem to be important in relation to the still-speculative pathogenesis: 1) increased transcription and accumulation of amyloid-beta precursor protein (AbetaPP), and accumulation of its proteolytic fragment Abeta; 2) abnormal accumulation of cholesterol, caveolin-1, and apolipoprotein E; 3) oxidative stress; 4) accumulations of intramuscle fiber multiprotein aggregates; and 5) evidence that unfolded/misfolded proteins participate in s-IBM pathogenesis. Our basic hypothesis is that overexpression of AbetaPP within the aging muscle fibers is an early upstream event causing a subsequent pathogenic cascade.
Action coverage formulation for power optimization in body sensor networks (2008)

Advances in technology have led to the development of various light-weight sensory devices that can be woven into the physical environment of our daily lives. Such systems enable on-body and mobile health-care monitoring. Our interest particularly lies in the area of movement monitoring platforms that operate with inertial sensors. In this paper, we propose a power optimization technique that will consider the sensing coverage problem from a collaborative signal processing perspective. We introduce compatibility graphs and describe how they can be utilized for power optimization. The problem we outline can be transformed into an NP-hard problem. Therefore, we propose an ILP formulation to attain a lower bound on the solution and a fast greedy technique. Along side this, we introduce a system for dynamically activating and deactivating sensor nodes in real-time. Finally, we elucidate the effectiveness of our techniques on data collected from several subjects.
Cobalamin metabolism in cultured human chorionic villus cells (1993)

Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) metabolism was analyzed in cultures of human chorionic villus (CV) cells obtained at 9-10 weeks of gestation. CV cells were shown to synthesize transcobalamin II (TCII) and to possess a high affinity receptor for that molecule. The cells bound and internalized radioactive cyanocobalamin (CN[57Co]Cbl) complexed to TCII. This internalized CN[57Co]Cbl was found to be converted to both methylCbl and adenosylCbl, the two intracellular coenzyme forms of Cbl, and bound to the two known intracellular Cbl requiring enzymes, methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Both enzyme systems were found to be functional in the intact cell by demonstrating the incorporation of the radioactive label from both [14C]CH3-tetrahydrofolate and [14C]propionate into acid insoluble products. MS activity was also detected in lysed cell material. CV cells were shown not to be auxotrophic for methionine since they were able to utilize homocysteine in place of methionine for cell division. Since CV cells are capable of performing many of the complex events associated with Cbl metabolism, it may be possible to use these cells to diagnose genetic defects of Cbl metabolism.
Electrodeposition and characterization of magnetostrictive galfenol (FeGa) thin films for use in microelectromechanical systems (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the challenges related to electrodeposition and characterization of magnetostrictive galfenol thin films as well as techniques used to overcome these issues. Successful deposition and evaluation of galfenol thin films is necessary for the design of galfenol based microelectromechanical devices. Stress is a primary concern because thick films and poor adhesion to substrates (e.g., silicon oxide) can lead to delamination and peeling. In addition, magnetostriction measurements require films that are uniform in thickness and composition over the sample area. Various adhesion layers were tested, and delamination was eliminated with Cr/Cu, which provided robust adhesion to the glass substrates used in capacitance bridge measurements. Uniformity and composition were controlled by the use of a rotating disk electrode for electrodeposition, which created a uniform boundary condition across the sample during deposition. The capacitance bridge technique was calibrated with Ni/glass samples, after which a magnetostriction of 140 ppm was measured for Fe83Ga17 films. These results represent the first magnetostriction measurements of electrodeposited galfenol.
Fast Stiffness Mapping of Cells Using High-Bandwidth Atomic Force Microscopy (2015)

The cytoskeleton controls cellular morphology and mediates the mechanical interactions between a cell and its environment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has the unique capability to map cytoskeletal mechanics and structures with nanometer resolution. However, whole-cell cytomechanical imaging with conventional AFM techniques is limited by low imaging speed. Here, we present fast nanomechanical mapping of cells using high-bandwidth AFM (HB-AFM), where >10(6) nanoindentation measurements were acquired in ∼10 min-a task that would take weeks to finish using conventional AFM. High-bandwidth measurements enabled capture of the entire tip-sample interaction for each tap on cells, engendering a new measurement ("force phase") that exceeds the contrast of conventional tapping mode and enabling spectral visualization of >10 harmonics. The abundance of measurements allowed discovery of subtle cytomechanical features, including the stiffness of fibers of the cellular spectrin network in situ. This approach bridges HB-AFM and high-harmonic imaging and opens future opportunities for measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of living cells.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signals activation of p70 S6 kinase in situ through site-specific p70 phosphorylation. (1995)

The p70 S6 kinase is activated by insulin and mitogens through multisite phosphorylation of the enzyme. One set of activating phosphorylations occurs in a putative autoinhibitory domain in the noncatalytic carboxyl-terminal tail. Deletion of this tail yields a variant (p70 delta CT104) that nevertheless continues to be mitogen regulated. Coexpression with a recombinant constitutively active phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) gives substantial activation of both full-length p70 and p70 delta CT104 but not Rsk. Activation of p70 delta CT104 by PI 3-kinase and inhibition by wortmannin are each accompanied by parallel and selective changes in the phosphorylation of p70 Thr-252. A Thr or Ser at this site, in subdomain VIII of the catalytic domain just amino-terminal to the APE motif, is necessary for p70 40S kinase activity. The inactive ATP-binding site mutant K123M p70 delta CT104 undergoes phosphorylation of Thr-252 in situ but does not undergo direct phosphorylation by the active PI 3-kinase in vitro. PI 3-kinase provides a signal necessary for the mitogen activation of the p70 S6 kinase, which directs the site-specific phosphorylation of Thr-252 in the p70 catalytic domain, through a distinctive signal transduction pathway.
On social networks and collaborative recommendation (2009)

Social network systems, like last.fm, play a significant role in Web 2.0, containing large amounts of multimedia-enriched data that are enhanced both by explicit user-provided annotations and implicit aggregated feedback describing the personal preferences of each user. It is also a common tendency for these systems to encourage the creation of virtual networks among their users by allowing them to establish bonds of friendship and thus provide a novel and direct medium for the exchange of data.
3‐(9‐Carbazolyl)carbazoles and 3,6‐Di(9‐carbazolyl)carbazoles as Effective Host Materials for Efficient Blue Organic Electrophosphorescence (2007)

Linking topology in oligocarbazoles (see figure) has a strong influence on their electronic properties. 3(6),9′-linked oligocarbazoles exhibit unusual suppression of electronic coupling between units, leading to localized excited states and very small reduction of triplet energies (compared to the monomer). Coupled with their excellent morphological stability, this makes them suitable as host materials for blue electrophosphorescence devices. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0822_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plant Pest Detection Using an Artificial Nose System: A Review (2018)

This paper reviews artificial intelligent noses (or electronic noses) as a fast and noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of insects and diseases that attack vegetables and fruit trees. The particular focus is on bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, and insect damage. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from plants, which provide functional information about the plant's growth, defense, and health status, allow for the possibility of using noninvasive detection to monitor plants status. Electronic noses are comprised of a sensor array, signal conditioning circuit, and pattern recognition algorithms. Compared with traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, electronic noses are noninvasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. However, using electronic noses for plant pest diagnosis is still in its early stages, and there are challenges regarding sensor performance, sampling and detection in open areas, and scaling up measurements. This review paper introduces each element of electronic nose systems, especially commonly used sensors and pattern recognition methods, along with their advantages and limitations. It includes a comprehensive comparison and summary of applications, possible challenges, and potential improvements of electronic nose systems for different plant pest diagnoses.
Cancer Statistics, 2009 (2009)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
Pre-Bond Testing of the Silicon Interposer in 2.5D ICs (2016)

In interposer-based 2.5D integrated circuits, the passive silicon interposer is the least expensive component in the chip. Thus, it is desirable to test the interposer before bonding to ensure that more expensive and defect-free dies are not stacked on a faulty interposer. We present an efficient method to locate defects in a passive interposer before stacking. The proposed test architecture uses e-fuses that can be programmed to connect or disconnect functional paths inside the interposer. The concept of die footprint is utilized for interconnect testing, and the overall assembly and test flow is described. In order to reduce test time, the concept of weighted critical area is defined and utilized. We present HSPICE simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the pre-bond test solution. The benefit of using weighted critical area is demonstrated using a commercial interposer from GLOBALFOUNDRIES.
Titanium metallacarbene-metallacyclobutane reactions: stepwise metathesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium metallacarbene-metallacyclobutane reactions: stepwise metathesisT. R. Howard, J. B. Lee, and R. H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 22, 6876–6878Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00542a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00542a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patterning of the neural ectoderm of Xenopus laevis by the amino-terminal product of hedgehog autoproteolytic cleavage (1995)

The patterns of embryonic expression and the activities of Xenopus members of the hedgehog gene family are suggestive of role in neural induction and patterning. We report that these hedgehog polypeptides undergo autoproteolytic cleavage. Injection into embryos of mRNAs encoding Xenopus banded-hedgehog (X-bhh) or the amino-terminal domain (N) demonstrates that the direct inductive activities of X-bhh are encoded by N. In addition, both N and X-bhh pattern neural tissue by elevating expression of anterior neural genes. Unexpectedly, an internal deletion of X-bhh (delta N-C) was found to block the activity of X-bhh and N in explants and to reduce dorsoanterior structures in embryos. As elevated hedgehog activity increases the expression of anterior neural genes, and as delta N-C reduces dorsoanterior structures, these complementary data support a role for hedgehog in neural induction and anteroposterior patterning.
Synovial fluid interleukin-8 and neutrophil function in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative polyarthritis (1996)

The relationships between synovial fluid (SF) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and neutrophil turnover as measured by cytidine deaminase (CD), and SF metabolites were studied in 28 patients, 16 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; median age and disease duration 62 and 14 yr, respectively) and 12 with seronegative polyarthritis (SNP; median age and disease duration 32 and 5 yr, respectively). Knee SF samples were aspirated using indwelling cannulae following a period of rest for 1 h. SF IL-8 levels (measured by an ELISA) were significantly elevated in RA compared to SNP (median 2.35 vs 0.22 ng/ml, P < 0.001), as were median levels of CD (55.8 vs 8.11 U/ml, P < 0.01), lactic acid (29.6 vs 16.6 mg/dl, P < 0.001), glucose (57.9 vs 84.5 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and the lactate to glucose ratio (0.85 vs 0.19, P < 0.001). Measures of disease activity, C-reactive protein, plasma viscosity and articular index were also elevated in RA compared to SNP (P < 0.05). SF IL-8 levels correlated strongly with CD, lactate, glucose and the lactate to glucose ratio when both disease groups were considered together (P < 0.001). These parameters also showed some association with the measures of disease activity (P < 0.05). All these associations were less marked when the individual disease groups were analysed separately. These results suggest that factors responsible for neutrophil accumulation and priming (probably IL-8) are present in SF, and these coincide with products of their activation (CD). The degree of neutrophil turnover is linked to the anaerobic metabolism of the synovial cavity.
Writing to Read :Evidence for How Writing Can Improve Reading - A Report from Carnegie Corporation of New York (2010)

The Alliance for Excellent Education is a Washington, DC-based
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus: use of this peptide sequence in the synthesis of biologically active peptides. (1989)

Binding of cells of Staphylococcus aureus to fibronectin, which may represent a mechanism of host tissue adherence, involves a fibronectin-receptor protein present on the bacterial surface. Cloning of a gene coding for a staphylococcal fibronectin-binding protein and construction of a fusion protein with fibronectin-binding properties was previously reported from our laboratory. We have now sequenced the gene and deduced a primary sequence of the fibronectin-binding protein. The protein resembles other cell-wall-associated proteins on Gram-positive bacteria in that it (i) appears to be anchored in the cell membrane via its C-terminal end, (ii) contains a proline-rich repeating unit outside the membrane anchor, and (iii) contains a long (36-amino acid) signal sequence at the N terminus. The fibronectin-binding activity has been localized to a domain composed of a 38-amino acid unit repeated completely three times and partially a fourth time; the identity between the three 38-amino acid sequences varies from 42 to 87%. Three synthetic peptides mimicking the structure of each 38-amino acid unit were constructed. All three peptides interacted with fibronectin, as indicated by their ability to inhibit binding of fibronectin to staphylococcal cells, whereas an unrelated 37-amino acid peptide showed no inhibitory activity.
A Spatial and Temporal Locality-Aware Adaptive Cache Design With Network Optimization for Tiled Many-Core Architectures (2017)

The spatial locality and the temporal locality of workloads are the root causes for cache designs to overcome the memory wall problem. However, the real memory access behavior for each of these applications can be very different. It gives the opportunities to explore further performance improvement due to different cache organization requirements. To address this issue, a spatial and temporal locality-aware adaptive cache is proposed, which dynamically partitions the private last level cache bank as prefetch region or victim region at runtime to explore the locality characteristics. The prefetch region speculates the data blocks in subsequent addresses to exploit the spatial locality, while the victim region collects the evicted data blocks from the upper memory hierarchy to exploit the temporal locality. Fast data prefetch with prioritized dynamic buffer management and adaptive burst-aware routing is realized in the proposed hybrid burst-support network-on-chip (HBNoC). By combining the adaptive cache partition with HBNoC, the off-chip misses and the on-chip network usage are greatly reduced. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive cache design reduces up to 25% off-chip misses and improves 11.3% performance on average compared with the prior design, respectively.
Corneal Collagen Fibril Changes After Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin Corneal Crosslinking (2013)

These findings suggest that ultraviolet A/riboflavin crosslinking results in collagen type 3 synthesis and degradation, which may offer at least a partial explanation for the formation of corneal haze.