The Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome: Appearance of Interleukin-2-Receptor-Positive Cells during Attacks (1990)

Brief Reports15 September 1990The Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome: Appearance of Interleukin-2-Receptor-Positive Cells during AttacksMarco Cicardi, MD, Marco Gardinali, MD, Giuliana Bisiani, MD, Alberto Rosti, MD, Paola Allavena, MD, Angelo Agostoni, MDMarco Cicardi, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Marco Gardinali, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Giuliana Bisiani, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Alberto Rosti, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Paola Allavena, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Angelo Agostoni, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-475 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecurrent hypovolemic shock due to leakage of plasma from the vascular space without an apparent cause was first described by Clarkson and colleagues (1) in 1960 and was subsequently characterized as systemic capillary leak syndrome (2). Since then, 18 patients have been described, most of whom had an M component in their plasma (3). However, the pathogenesis of this syndrome remains unknown. A clue may come from the fact that the syndrome is also a major complication of treatment of metastatic cancer with interleukin-2 alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells (4). Studies in animals and in humans showed...References1. ClarksonThompsonHorwithLuckey BDMH. Cyclical edema and shock due to increased capillary permeability. Am J Med. 1960;29:193-216. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. AtkinsonWaldmannStein JTS. Systemic capillary leak syndrome and monoclonal IgG gammopathy. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;56:225-39. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. AgostoniCicardiGardinali AMM. Systemic capillary leak syndrome. In: Strano A, Novo S, eds. Advances in Vascular Pathology 1989. Volume 3. Excerpta Medica; Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; [In press]. Google Scholar4. RosenbergLotzeMuul SML. A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high dose interleukin-2 alone. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:889-97. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RosensteinEttinghausenRosenberg MSS. Extravasation of intravascular fluid mediated by systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2. J Immunol. 1986;137:1735-42. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. CotranPoberGimbrone RJM. Endothelial activation during interleukin 2 immunotherapy. A possible mechanism for the vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol. 1987;139:1883-8. Google Scholar7. KotasekVercellottiOchoaBachWhiteJacob DGAFJH. Mechanism of cultured endothelial injury induced by lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cancer Res. 1988;48:5528-32. MedlineGoogle Scholar8. WalzZankerWeider GBK. Similar effect of cyclosporine and verapamil on lymphokine, interleukin 2 receptor and protooncogene expression. Transplantation. 1989;47:331-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. Waldmann T. The structure, function, and expression of interleukin-2 receptors on normal and malignant lymphocytes. Science. 1986;232:727-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. EwanLachmannMoriceForster PPAP. Treatment of systemic capillary leak syndrome [Letter]. Lancet. 1988;2:1496. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Clinica Medica Universitàdi Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. For current author addresses, see end of text. 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