gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Teaching of a Mobile Robot (2006)

Personal service robots are expected to help people in their everyday life in the near future. Such robots must be able to not only move around but also perform various operations such as carrying a user-specified object or turning a TV on. Robots working in houses and offices have to deal with a vast variety of environments and operations. Since it is almost impossible to give the robots complete knowl edge in advance, on-site robot teaching will be important. We are developing a novel teaching framework called task model-based interactive teaching. A task model describes what knowledge is necessary for achieving a task. A robot examines the task model to determine missing pieces of knowledge, and asks the user to teach them. By leading the interaction with the user in this way, the user can teach important (focal) point easily and efficiently. This paper deals with a task of moving to a destination at a different floor; the task includes not only the movement but also the operation of recognizing and pushing elevator buttons. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed teaching framework.
Peripheral vascular tree stenoses: evaluation with moving-bed infusion-tracking MR angiography. (1998)

Moving-bed infusion-tracking MR angiography can be used to image all peripheral arteries in 4 minutes by using a small amount of contrast material and a conventional 1.5-T MR imager.
Antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor C225 monoclonal antibody in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligonucleotide in human GEO colon cancer cells. (2000)

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. The transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) autocrine pathway controls in part the production of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in cancer cells. In this study, we have evaluated the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of monoclonal antibody (MAb) C225, an anti-EGFR chimeric human-mouse MAb, alone and in combination with a human VEGF antisense (AS) 21-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (VEGF-AS) in human GEO colon cancer cells. MAb C225 treatment determined a dose-dependent inhibition of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-alpha production by GEO cells in vitro. Treatment with VEGF-AS caused a selective inhibition in VEGF expression by GEO cells in vitro. Treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing established, palpable GEO xenografts for 3 weeks with VEGF-AS or with MAb C225 determined a cytostatic reversible inhibition of tumor growth. In contrast, a prolonged inhibition of tumor growth was observed in all mice treated with the two agents, in combination with a significant improvement in mice survival compared with controls (P < .001), to MAb C225 (P < .001), or to VEGF-AS (P < .001) treated mice. All mice died within 4, 6, and 8 weeks after tumor cell injection in the control, VEGF-AS and MAb C225 groups, respectively. In contrast, 50% of mice treated with the combination of VEGF-AS and MAb C225 were alive at 13 weeks. Ten % of mice treated with VEGF-AS plus MAb C225 were alive at 20 weeks and had no histological evidence of GEO tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of GEO tumor xenografts demonstrated a significant reduction of VEGF expression after treatment with VEGF-AS with a parallel reduction in microvessel count. MAb C225 treatment determined a reduction in the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-alpha with a reduction in microvessel count. Finally, a significant potentiation in inhibition of VEGF expression and little or no microvessels were observed in GEO tumors after the combined treatment with the two agents.
A simple and sensitive bioassay method for detection of EDRF with RFL-6 rat lung fibroblasts (1991)

Detailed characteristics of a new bioassay method for detection and quantification of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) are described. Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) responses of RFL-6 rat fetal lung fibroblast cells were utilized to estimate the activity of nitric oxide (NO) and EDRF. The conditioned medium from bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells cultured in tissue culture plates was quickly transferred to RFL-6 incubations to determine EDRF. In the presence of superoxide dismutase, RFL-6 cells cultured in six-well tissue culture plates exhibited very high sensitivities to both NO and EDRF; e.g., they responded to NO at a concentration as low as 2 nM and the basal release of EDRF from 1-2 X 10(6) BAE cells. Based on the lower detection limit of the radioimmunoassay for cGMP, calculations reveal that 100-200 fmol of NO and the basal EDRF release from 1-2 X 10(5) BAE cells can be detected with RFL-6 cells by choosing smaller culture wells. Thus this method is more sensitive than any other currently available. Furthermore, it may be widely used, since the instrumentation required is presently available in many laboratories. This bioassay technique for EDRF and NO is sensitive, simple, and quite useful for the evaluation of experimental conditions and compounds that regulate EDRF release from various endothelial cells and tissues.
One-Component Supramolecular Filament Hydrogels as Theranostic Label-Free Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents (2017)

Gadolinium (Gd)-based compounds and materials are the most commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in the clinic; however, safety concerns associated with their toxicities in the free ionic form have promoted the development of new generations of metal-free contrast agents. Here we report a supramolecular strategy to convert an FDA-approved anticancer drug, Pemetrexed (Pem), to a molecular hydrogelator with inherent chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI signals. The rationally designed drug-peptide conjugate can spontaneously associate into filamentous assemblies under physiological conditions and consequently form theranostic supramolecular hydrogels for injectable delivery. We demonstrated that the local delivery and distribution of Pem-peptide nanofiber hydrogels can be directly assessed using CEST MRI in a mouse glioma model. Our work lays out the foundation for the development of drug-constructed theranostic supramolecular materials with an inherent CEST MRI signal that enables noninvasive monitoring of their in vivo distribution and drug release.
P04.07 Relapse in a paucisymptomatic form of multiple sclerosis in a patient treated with nivolumab (2016)

INTRODUCTION: The successful clinical application of immune checkpoint-blockade therapies, as anti-CTLA4, anti-PDL1 and antiPDL2 antibodies, is changing the way to treat patients with cancer. Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 antibody with promising efficacy in a broad of neoplasias. During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of toxicities occur called immune-related advers events (irAES), including infrequent neurological effects. We present a case of relapse in a paucisymptomatic form of multiple sclerosis in a patient treated with nivolumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 42 year-old-woman was diagnosed of locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma EGFR wt, no ALK-translocation on 2014. She received treatment with carboplatin-pemetrexed with concomitant radiotherapy. On May 2015, the patient progressed with adrenal, lung and cerebral metastases. She received holocraneal radiotherapy and was enrolled in a clinical trial with docetaxel and ganetespib. However after 3 cycles, she showed cerebellar progression treated with radiosurgery. In previous brain MRI, multiple white matter hyperintensities compatible with demyelinating disease where observed. When questioned, the patient related a dizziness episode several years ago, resolved spontaneously and completely whitin one month. She denied other neurological symptoms and the neurological examination was normal. Therefore, Nivolumab was initiated throught an expanded access program. One week after the beginning of nivolumab, the patient presented progressive diplopia and gait instability. Bilateral ptosis and internuclear right ophthalmoplegia, right limbs dysmetria ant ataxic gait compatible with brainstem affection was found in neurological examination. RESULTS: An urgent MRI was performed with suspect of tumoral progression versus inflammatory disease in the context of previous lesion with possible demyelinating nature. FLAIR and T1-gadolinium WI showed a new lesion with incomplete annular enhancement in anterior and right pontine-medulla junction, suggesting an active demyelinating plaque. Previous metastasic lesions were smaller and exhibited less intense annular enhancement. The patient was hospitalized and a cycle of 1 gr of methilprednisolone IV per day for five days was administered. Four weeks after, the clinical picture and new lesion image were resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must perform a complete anamnesis focused in autoimmune disorders in patients who will be treated with anti-PD1. They must be aware of the irAES, their variable presentations and management, to avoid complications or false progression disease. In our opinion, it can be reasonable weigh the potential benefits of PD-1 therapy in cases with life-threatening malignancy against the risk of exacerbating an underlying inflammatory disease. Relapse in multiple sclerosis has not been reported before during nivolumab treatment.
Recent advances in drug design methods: Where will they lead? (1994)

Drug design methods have made significant new advances over the last ten years, mainly in the areas of molecular modelling. In more recent times important developments in theory have led to a different type of modelling becoming possible, the so-called de novo or automated design algorithms. In this new method the programs perform much of the chemist's thinking, in finding appropriately sized chemical groups to fit into a target site. However this is a combinatoric problem which has no general analytical solution; it is ripe for optimization. Other advances, such as combinatorial chemical synthesis and screening, will dramatically influence the search for new lead structures for target sites, which at present are poorly understood. Already these methods are being applied to peptide libraries. Peptides do not make good drug compounds because of their poor bioavailability; further, their flexibility reduces their affinity. In some cases peptide backbones can be removed and replaced with rigid non-peptide scaffolds.
Multiple Biomarker Testing Tissue Consumption and Completion Rates With Single-gene Tests and Investigational Use of Oncomine Dx Target Test for Advanced Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer: A Single-center Analysis (2018)

Tissue stewardship is important to enable successful completion of genetic testing and informed NSCLC treatment decisions. Preliminary assessment of the investigational Oncomine Dx Target Test suggests it could facilitate access to multiple biomarker testing using small tissue samples to support therapy decisions for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Expression of IL-5 in thymocytes/T cells leads to the development of a massive eosinophilia, extramedullary eosinophilopoiesis, and unique histopathologies (1997)

Transgenic mice were generated using regulatory elements from the CD3delta gene to drive T cell expression of IL-5. Expression of this cytokine resulted in white blood cell counts that expand virtually unabated (approximately 400,000 cells/mm3). This expansion is characterized by a profound eosinophilia (>60%) and commensurate increases in the absolute numbers of all other white blood cell types. In particular, circulating B220+ B lymphocyte populations increased >30-fold over wild-type (+/+) levels. Cell differentials and expression studies using a marker for eosinophil precursor cells (major basic protein gene expression) suggest that the peripheral eosinophilia is induced primarily through the establishment of extramedullary sites of eosinophilopoiesis. These mice display a massive peritoneal cavity cell exudate (1-2 x 10(8) cells) dominated by eosinophils (approximately 50%) and the infiltration of eosinophils in nearly all organ systems. Sudden unexplained death occurs in 70% of all transgenic animals by 12 mo of age. Surviving transgenic animals display severe inflammatory pathologies that include ulcerating skin lesions as well as lower bowel inflammation. These pathologies parallel clinical observations of patients with a profound eosinophilia and imply that IL-5 effector functions during some inflammatory responses may be contingent upon peripheral lymphohemopoietic expression.
Optimization of Diblock Copolymer Thin Film Self Assembly (2002)

How can optimum long-range order be achieved by self-assembly of polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate (PS/PMMA) block copolymers? Here the film thickness, annealing temperature, annealing time, and molecular weight are varied to derive optimum values for these parameters. The Figure shows SEM images of the microstructures obtained from M = 67 000 and M = 134 000 copolymers after solvolytic PMMA removal.
Single-mode and polarization-independent silicon-on-insulator waveguides with small cross section (2005)

The fabrication restrictions that must be imposed on the geometry of optical waveguides to make them behave as single-mode devices are well known for relatively large waveguides, with shallow etch depth. However, the restrictions for small waveguides (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/m or less in cross section) are not well understood. Furthermore, it is usually a requirement that these waveguides are polarization independent, which further complicates the issues. This paper reports on the simulations of the conditions for both single-mode behavior and polarization independence, for small and deeply etched silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. The aim is to satisfy both conditions simultaneously. The results show that at larger waveguide widths, waveguide etch depth has little effect on the mode birefringence because the transverse-electric (TE) mode (horizontal-polarized mode) is well confined under the rib region. However, at smaller rib widths, the etch depth has a large influence on birefringence. An approximate equation relating the rib-waveguide width and etch depth to obtain polarization-independent operation is derived. It is possible to achieve single-mode operation at both polarizations while maintaining polarization independence for each of the waveguide heights used in this paper but may be difficult for other dimensions. For example, a 1-/spl mu/m SOI rib waveguide with an etch depth of 0.64 /spl mu/m and rib width of 0.52 /spl mu/m is predicted to exhibit such characteristics.
Identification of two short internal ribosome entry sites selected from libraries of random oligonucleotides (2001)

Sequences that control translation of mRNA may play critical roles in regulating protein levels. One such element is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We previously showed that a 9-nt segment in the 5' leader sequence of the mRNA encoding Gtx homeodomain protein could function as an IRES. To identify other short sequences with similar properties, we designed a selection procedure that uses a retroviral vector to express dicistronic mRNAs encoding enhanced green and cyan fluorescent proteins as the first and second cistrons, respectively. Expression of the second cistron was dependent upon the intercistronic sequences and was indicative of IRES activity. B104 cells were infected with two retroviral libraries that contained random sequences of 9 or 18 nt in the intercistronic region. Cells expressing both cistrons were sorted, and sequences recovered from selected cells were reassayed for IRES activity in a dual luciferase dicistronic mRNA. Two novel IRESes were identified by this procedure, and both contained segments with complementarity to 18S rRNA. When multiple copies of either segment were linked together, IRES activities were dramatically enhanced. Moreover, these synthetic IRESes were differentially active in various cell types. These properties are similar to those of the previously identified 9-nt IRES module from Gtx mRNA. These results provide further evidence that short nucleotide sequences can function as IRESes and support the idea that some cellular IRESes may be composed of shorter functional modules. The ability to identify IRES modules with specific expression properties may be useful in the design of vectors for biotechnology and gene therapy.
Spontaneous establishment of an Epstein-Barr virus-infected fibroblast line from the synovial tissue of a rheumatoid arthritis patient (1997)

An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected fibroblast line, designated DSEK, was spontaneously established from synovial tissue of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DSEK cells expressed EBV nuclear antigens EBNA-1 and EBNA-2 and latent membrane protein LMP-1. Cell surface markers of DSEK cells were similar to those of EBV-negative fibroblast clones derived from synoviocytes and were negative for lymphocyte and macrophage markers. DSEK cells expressed CD44, CD58, and HLA-DR antigens and spontaneously produced interleukin-10 basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta1. These results indicate that rheumatoid synoviocytes can be a target for EBV infection and suggest that EBV may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
Study on Load Frequency Control Using Redox Flow Batteries (2004)

Rechargeable batteries such as redox flow, which are not aged by frequent charging and discharging, have a quick response equivalent to SMES and outstanding function during overload. The battery efficiency increases when the cycle period of charging/discharging becomes shorter. In addition to leveling load, the battery is advantageous for secondary control in the power system and maintenance of power quality of distributed power resources. In this paper, we study the control performance of RF battery systems in its application to LFC. Using dynamic simulation, we show that the LFC capacity of RF battery systems is ten times that of fossil power systems due to quick response characteristics.
NanoFlares for the detection, isolation, and culture of live tumor cells from human blood (2014)

Metastasis portends a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Primary tumor cells disseminate through the bloodstream before the appearance of detectable metastatic lesions. The analysis of cancer cells in blood—so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—may provide unprecedented opportunities for metastatic risk assessment and investigation. NanoFlares are nanoconstructs that enable live-cell detection of intracellular mRNA. NanoFlares, when coupled with flow cytometry, can be used to fluorescently detect genetic markers of CTCs in the context of whole blood. They allow one to detect as few as 100 live cancer cells per mL of blood and subsequently culture those cells. This technique can also be used to detect CTCs in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. As such, NanoFlares provide, to our knowledge, the first genetic-based approach for detecting, isolating, and characterizing live cancer cells from blood and may provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy.
The Efficacy of Azelastine in the Prophylaxis of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (2003)

Azelastine is a potent and selective second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist. It also effectively down regulates expression of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptor, which plays an important role in human rhinovirus, Coxsackie type A viruses, adenovirus type 5, human parainfluenza virus type 2 and 3, and respiratory syncytial virus mucosal attachment as well as mobilization of immune effector cells. Therapies aimed at reducing ICAM-1 expression should reduce episodes of viral airway infection. This study shows that azelastine prophylaxis may reduce the occurrence of Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs), otitis media, sinusitis, and pharyngitis in otherwise healthy children.
An Antibody Paradox, Resolved (2006)

The immune effect of a cytokine bound to an antibody is paradoxically much stronger than that of the cytokine alone, suggesting a way to lower therapeutic doses and thereby reduce side effects.
Magnetic applications of polymer gels (2001)

In this paper we report results of both, material preparation and magnetic characterisation, on CoFe2O4 particles of nanometric size formed by in-situ precipitation within polymer gels. The size of the particles was controlled within a very narrow volume distribution and its average value was shifted from 2 to 10 nm. The existence of nanoparticles showing, at room temperature, coercive field values between 500 and 900 Oe and saturation magnetisations of about 500 emu/cm3, suggest to use these systems to get magnetic recording media with ultra high density. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Polystyrene (PS) films were prepared from this nanocomposite material. After a magnetic field treatment nanoparticles within the PVA films are free to rotate in response to an applied magnetic field. This PVA based nanocomposite film portends a new class of magnetic material with very little or no electrical and magnetic loss.
Origin and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Southeast Asia (2003)

Since it emerged in Japan in the 1870s, Japanese encephalitis has spread across Asia and has become the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide. Four genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are presently recognized (representatives of genotypes I to III have been fully sequenced), but its origin is not known. We have determined the complete nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a genotype IV Indonesian isolate (JKT6468) which represents the oldest lineage, compared it with other fully sequenced genomes, and examined the geographical distribution of all known isolates. JKT6468 was the least similar, with nucleotide divergence ranging from 17.4 to 19.6% and amino acid divergence ranging from 4.7 to 6.5%. It included an unusual series of amino acids at the carboxy terminus of the core protein unlike that seen in other JEV strains. Three signature amino acids in the envelope protein (including E327 Leu-->Thr/Ser on the exposed lateral surface of the putative receptor binding domain) distinguished genotype IV strains from more recent genotypes. Analysis of all 290 JEV isolates for which sequence data are available showed that the Indonesia-Malaysia region has all genotypes of JEV circulating, whereas only more recent genotypes circulate in other areas (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that JEV originated from its ancestral virus in the Indonesia-Malaysia region and evolved there into the different genotypes which then spread across Asia. Our data, together with recent evidence on the origins of other emerging viruses, including dengue virus and Nipah virus, imply that tropical southeast Asia may be an important zone for emerging pathogens.