gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of transducin deduced from the cDNA sequence. (1985)

Transducin, a GTP-binding protein involved in phototransduction in the vertebrate retina, belongs to a family of homologous coupling proteins that also includes Gs and Gi, the regulatory proteins of adenylate cyclase. Here we report the cDNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of transducin's alpha subunit (T alpha). The cDNA was isolated, by screening with an antibody probe, from a bovine retinal cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11. The 2.2-kilobase cDNA insert hybridized to a single 2.6-kilobase poly(A)+ RNA species present in extracts of bovine retina but not of bovine heart, liver, or brain. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA revealed an open reading frame long enough to encode the entire 39-kDa T alpha polypeptide. The polypeptide sequence deduced from the cDNA would be composed of 350 amino acids and have a molecular weight of 39,971. Portions of the sequence matched reported amino acid sequences of T alpha tryptic fragments, including sites specifically ADP-ribosylated by cholera and pertussis toxins. The predicted sequence also includes four segments, ranging from 11 to 19 residues in length, that exhibit significant homology to sequences of GTP-binding proteins, including the ras proteins of man and yeast and the elongation factors of ribosomal protein synthesis in bacteria, EF-G and EF-Tu. In combination with previous functional studies of tryptic fragments of T alpha, the deduced amino acid sequence makes it possible to predict which portions of the polypeptide interact with other molecules involved in retinal phototransduction.
VeggieVision: a produce recognition system (2002)

The authors present an automatic product 1D system ("VeggieVision"), intended to ease the produce checkout process. The system consists of an integrated scale and imaging system with a user-friendly interface. When a produce item is placed on the scale, an image is taken. A variety of features, color, texture (shape, density), are then extracted. These features are compared to stored "signatures" which were obtained by prior system training (either on-line or off-line). Depending on the certainty of the classification, the final decision is made either by the system or by a human from a number of choices selected by the system. Over 95% of the time, the correct produce classification is in the top four choices.
Crystal Structure of a Synthetic Triple-Stranded α-Helical Bundle (1993)

The x-ray crystal structure of a peptide designed to form a double-stranded parallel coiled coil shows that it is actually a triple-stranded coiled coil formed by three alpha-helices. Unlike the designed parallel coiled coil, the helices run up-up-down. The structure is stabilized by a distinctive hydrophobic interface consisting of eight layers. As in the design, each alpha-helix in the coiled coil contributes one leucine side chain to each layer. The structure suggests that hydrophobic interactions are a dominant factor in the stabilization of coiled coils. The stoichiometry and geometry of coiled coils are primarily determined by side chain packing in the solvent-inaccessible interior, but electrostatic interactions also contribute.
LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM ONCOLOGICAL OUTCOME (2004)

LPN is an effective treatment modality for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. Oncological outcomes at a mean followup of 3 years are promising, although the durability of oncological outcomes must be determined.
Oral carriage of staphylococci in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

Oral carriage of S. aureus appears to be common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and studies of the mouth as a source of infection in septic arthritis would be merited.
Differential effects of curcumin on vasoactive factors in the diabetic rat heart (2006)

Our studies indicate the differential effects of curcumin in vasoactive factor expression in the heart and indicate the importance of tissue microenvironment in the treatment of diabetic complications.
Relative worth of estrogen or progesterone receptor and pathologic characteristics of differentiation as indicators of prognosis in node negative breast cancer patients: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-06. (1988)

This study correlates the disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and survival (S) of 1,157 histologically node negative breast cancer patients with the estrogen and/or progesterone receptor (ER, PR) and with the nuclear or histologic grade (NG, HG) of their tumors. All were treated by operation without systemic adjuvant therapy. The DFS, DDFS, and S were significantly greater (P = .005, .004, less than .001) in patients with ER positive than ER negative tumors but the magnitude of the differences after 5 years of follow-up was slight (8% in both DFS and DDFS and 10% in S). Differences of that magnitude are insufficient to discriminate clearly between patients who should or should not receive systemic therapy. As with ER, there were outcome differences in favor of PR positive tumors but only in S was the difference significant (8% at 5 years; P = .002). When combined with ER, PR made no independent contribution in the outcome prediction. Regression analysis indicated that NG was the most important single marker of outcome. The prognosis of women with unknown ER or PR was equivalent to or better than that in those with ER or PR positive tumors. This finding seems to be related to tumor size in that a higher proportion of tumors with unknown receptors were less than 1.0 cm, thus having insufficient tissue for analysis. Our findings disclose that in node negative breast cancer patients, NG is a better marker of prognosis than is tumor ER, and that PR is of little or no value. Tumor NG may also be useful for selecting the type of systemic therapy to be used in these patients.
Cisplatin May Induce Frataxin Expression (2003)

Cisplatin is a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy and resistance to cisplatin is a major limitation for its successful application. Intracellular inactivation of cisplatin and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by glutathione (a crucial cellular antioxidant) is a mechanism for cisplatin resistance. During cDNA microarray analyses of differential gene expression between a cisplatin-resistant A2780CP70 human ovarian carcinoma cell line and its parental A2780 cell line, we discovered that frataxin gene expression was frequently overexpressed in the cisplatin-resistant variant. Decreased expression of frataxin protein is associated with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) which is a neurodegenerative disease involving ROS-mediated cellular damage. Recent evidence suggests that frataxin might detoxify ROS via activation of glutathione peroxidase and elevation of thiols. To exploit potential involvement of frataxin gene in the development of resistance to cisplatin, we compared the levels of frataxin gene and protein in the cisplatin-resistant A2780CP70 ovarian carcinoma cell line and its parental A2780 cell line. We found that frataxin mRNA and protein expressions were elevated in the cisplatin-resistant cells. Our results suggest a potential role for cisplatin as an inducer of frataxin expression and implies that this gene may be a potential target for modulating the response to cisplatin. This is the first report showing an association between frataxin expression and cisplatin resistance.
Intracellular Route of Canine Parvovirus Entry (1998)

The present study was designed to investigate the endocytic pathway involved in canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. Reduced temperature (18 degrees C) or the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole was found to inhibit productive infection of canine A72 cells by CPV and caused CPV to be retained in cytoplasmic vesicles as indicated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Consistent with previously published results, these data indicate that CPV enters a host cell via an endocytic route and further suggest that microtubule-dependent delivery of CPV to late endosomes is required for productive infection. Cytoplasmic microinjection of CPV particles was used to circumvent the endocytosis and membrane fusion steps in the entry process. Microinjection experiments showed that CPV particles which were injected directly into the cytoplasm, thus avoiding the endocytic pathway, were unable to initiate progeny virus production. CPV treated at pH 5.0 prior to microinjection was unable to initiate virus production, showing that factors of the endocytic route other than low pH are necessary for the initiation of infection by CPV.
Homomorphic Evaluation of the AES Circuit (Updated Implementation) (2015)

We describe a working implementation of leveled homomorphic encryption (with or without bootstrapping) that can evaluate the AES-128 circuit. This implementation is built on top of the HElib library, whose design was inspired by an early version of this work. Our main implementation (without bootstrapping) takes about 4 minutes and 3GB of RAM, running on a small laptop, to evaluate an entire AES-128 encryption operation. Using SIMD techniques, we can process upto 120 blocks in each such evaluation, yielding an amortized rate of just over 2 seconds per block. For cases where further processing is needed after the AES computation, we describe a different setting that uses bootstrapping. We describe an implementation that lets us process 180 blocks in just over 18 minutes using 3.7GB of RAM on the same laptop, yielding amortized 6 seconds/block. We note that somewhat better amortized per-block cost can be obtained using “byte-slicing” (and maybe also “bit-slicing”) implementations, at the cost of significantly slower wall-clock time for a single evaluation. In this article we describe many of the optimizations that went into this implementation. These include both AES-specific optimizations, as well as several “generic” tools for FHE evaluation (which are incorporated in the HElib library). The generic tools include (among others) a different variant of the Brakerski-Vaikuntanathan key-switching technique that does not require reducing the norm of the ciphertext vector, and a method of implementing the Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan modulusswitching transformation on ciphertexts in CRT representation.
T09-O-15 The rose study: placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal trial of flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women (2008)

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a common problem. This is the first randomized treatment withdrawal trial in premenopausal women with HSDD. It is assessing the efficacy and safety of a centrally acting non-hormonal agent, flibanserin. Premenopausal women with generalized, acquired HSDD for >6 months were entered if they were in a stable, monogamous, heterosexual relationship for >1 year, successfully completed the e-Diary For HSDD Trials© daily during 4 weeks of screening, and had no interfering medical problems. After a 24 week open-label flexible dosing phase, those subjects meeting enrichment criteria, were randomized to double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment for another 24 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were change in desire score and monthly satisfying sexual events. Of 1156 women screened, 738 were treated; 67.1% completed the open-label period. Randomization has been completed for the Rose study, a placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal trial of a centrally acting non-hormonal agent, flibanserin, for generalized, acquired HSDD in premenopausal women. The study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim.
Sexually Dimorphic Expression of the Novel Germ Cell Antigen TEX101 During Mouse Gonad Development (2005)

Prospermatogonia, or gonocytes, are the cells that differentiate from primordial germ cells to the first mature type of spermatogonia in the developing testis. Although prospermatogonia play a central role in this stage (i.e., prespermatogenesis), the details regarding their characterization have not been fully elucidated. Recently, we identified a novel mouse testicular germ cell-specific antigen, TES101 reactive protein (TES101RP), in the adult mouse testis. The protein TES101RP is also designated as protein TEX101. In the present study, we investigated the expression of TEX101 on germ cells in developing mouse gonads using histochemical techniques (i.e., immunohistochemistry, BrdU labeling, and TUNEL staining) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. TEX101 appeared on germ cells in both male and female gonads after the pregonadal period. In the testis, TEX101 was expressed constitutively on surviving prospermatogonia during prespermatogenesis. After the initiation of spermatogenesis, the prospermatogonia differentiated into spermatogonia. TEX101 expression disappeared from the spermatogonia, but reappeared on spermatocytes and spermatids. In the ovary, TEX101 was expressed on germ cells until the start of folliculogenesis; TEX101 was not detected on oocytes that were surrounded by follicular cells. These findings indicate that TEX101 is a specific marker for both male and female germ cells during gonadal development. Because the on and off switching of TEX101 expression in germ cells almost parallels the kinetics of gametogenesis, TEX101 may play an important physiological role in germ cell development.
Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1982)

The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was determined for thirty pharmaceutical excipients. These data are to be included in the forth-coming publication of the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. This work was undertaken as a collaborative effort under the sponsorship of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The results of this study are being reported herein prior to publication of the Handbook.The experimental procedure for determining equilibrium moisture content is included along with a method for classifying the hygroscopic property of solids.
A Study of the Charge-Transfer Complexes. V. The Complexes of Tetracyanoethylene with trans-Stilbene and Related Compounds (1968)

Abstract The charge-transfer (CT) absorptions of complexes of tetracyanoethylene with trans-stiibene and related compounds were measured both in solution and in solid media. The first and the second CT bands were found to be affected differently by the substituents on the donor molecule; thereupon they were assigned to the transitions of an electron from, respectively, the highest occupied and the second highest occupied orbitals of the donor to the lowest unoccupied orbital of the acceptor. Both the location and the intensity of the first CT band were found to be extremely sensitive to variation in media and temperature. The explanation was arrived at by the use of a model where an acceptor molecule was assumed to associate independently with several different sites of a donor molecule.
Could anti-inflammatory cytokine therapy improve poor treatment outcomes in dialysis patients? (2004)

Mortality in dialysis patients is greater than that in the general population across all age groups. The disparity in mortality is greatest among patients aged under 35 years. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, which helps to explain the high mortality rates among patients with CKD. Paradoxically, CKD patients exhibit signs of immune suppression as well as immune system activation. Chronic inflammation and immune system activation are not only integral to the MIA syndrome, but also may underlie resistance to erythropoietin treatment in patients with anaemia. Chronic immune system activation is reflected by abnormally raised T-lymphocyte and monocyte expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Patients who respond well to erythropoietin treatment exhibit fairly normal expression of these cytokines. Patients who persistently fail to respond, however, express abnormally raised levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which are also known to inhibit erythropoiesis. Paradoxically, these patients also express abnormally high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-13. Although anti-inflammatory in nature, these cytokines might also affect erythropoiesis. One strategy to overcome the problem of chronic inflammation in anaemic patients with CKD may be treatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline. Preliminary results suggest that once-daily treatment with 400 mg of pentoxifylline orally not only can reduce T-cell expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but can also restore the response to erythropoietin and improve haemoglobin levels. Ongoing studies will investigate further the use of pentoxifylline in erythropoietin resistance.
Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation (2016)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate cytoplasmic signalling in response to extracellular stimuli, and are important therapeutic targets in a wide range of diseases. Structure determination of GPCRs in all activation states is important to elucidate the precise mechanism of signal transduction and to facilitate optimal drug design. However, due to their inherent instability, crystallisation of GPCRs in complex with cytoplasmic signalling proteins, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins, has proved challenging. Here, we describe the design of a minimal G protein, mini-G<sub>s</sub>, which is composed solely of the GTPase domain from the adenylate cyclase stimulating G protein G<sub>s</sub> Mini-G<sub>s</sub> is a small, soluble protein, which efficiently couples GPCRs in the absence of Gβγ subunits. We engineered mini-G<sub>s</sub>, using rational design mutagenesis, to form a stable complex with detergent-solubilised β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptor (β<sub>1</sub>AR). Mini G proteins induce similar pharmacological and structural changes in GPCRs as heterotrimeric G proteins, but eliminate many of the problems associated with crystallisation of these complexes, specifically their large size, conformational dynamics and instability in detergent. They are therefore novel tools, which will facilitate the biochemical and structural characterisation of GPCRs in their active conformation.
Description of 14 new capsular types of Streptococcus suis (1989)

Fourteen new capsular types of Streptococcus suis (types 9 to 22) are described. All reference strains are morphologically and biochemically similar to types previously described. Reference strain types 9 to 13, 15, 16, and 22 were isolated from diseased pigs, whereas types 17 to 19 and 21 came from clinically healthy pigs; type 14 was isolated from a human case of meningitis, and type 20 was isolated from a diseased calf. The group T streptococcus of de Moor has been included in the typing system as type 15. Two-way cross-reactions between types 6 and 16 and a one-way cross-reaction between types 2 and 22 have been demonstrated. In addition, several cross-reactions probably not due to capsular material were detected among different types by using the coagglutination test. This test should not be used alone; weak or multiple positive reactions must be confirmed by the capsular reaction test or the capillary precipitation test.
TGF-β1-induced EMT can occur independently of its proapoptotic effects and is aided by EGF receptor activation (2005)

Apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) occur in stressed tubular epithelial cells and contribute to renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) promotes these responses and we examined whether the processes were interdependent in vitro. Direct (caspase inhibition) and indirect [epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor stimulation] strategies were used to block apoptosis during TGF-beta(1) stimulation, and the subsequent effect on EMT was assessed. HK-2 cells were exposed to TGF-beta(1) with or without preincubation with ZVAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) or concomitant treatment with EGF plus or minus preincubation with LY-294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor). Cells were then assessed for apoptosis and proliferation by flow cytometry, crystal violet assay, and Western blotting. Markers of EMT were assessed by microscopy, immunofluorescence, real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, PAI-1 reporter assay, and collagen gel contraction assay. TGF-beta(1) caused apoptosis and priming for staurosporine-induced apoptosis. This was blocked by ZVAD-FMK. However, ZVAD-FMK did not prevent EMT following TGF-beta(1) treatment. EGF inhibited apoptosis and facilitated TGF-beta(1) induction of EMT by increasing proliferation and accentuating E-cadherin loss. Additionally, EGF significantly enhanced TGF-beta(1)-induced collagen I gel contraction. EGF increased Akt phosphorylation during EMT, and the prosurvival effect of this was confirmed using LY-294002, which reduced EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation and reversed its antiapoptotic and proproliferatory effects. TGF-beta(1) induces EMT independently of its proapoptotic effects. TGF-beta(1) and EGF together lead to EMT. EGF increases proliferation and resistance to apoptosis during EMT in a PI3-K Akt-dependent manner. In vivo, EGF receptor activation may assist in the selective survival of a transdifferentiated, profibrotic cell type.
Relationships among strains of bean common mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus ‐ members of the potyvirus group (1988)

SUMMARY In host‐range studies, bean common mosaic virus strains (BCMV‐NL1, ‐NL3 and ‐NY 15) usually induced distinct systemic symptoms in susceptible bean cultivars and latent infection in several Vigna genotypes (except NY15 which gave mosaic symptoms in the latter), while blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV‐W) caused distinct systemic symptoms in several Vigna genotypes and only weak systemic symptoms in a few bean genotypes only. Biologically, B1CMV‐W was closest to BCMV‐NY15 and less close to ‐NL1. When using antisera to the three BCMV strains and five strains of B1CMV (including a strain originally considered cowpea aphid‐borne mosaic virus CAMV‐Mor) in SDS‐immunodiffusion and ELISA, BCMV‐NL1 and ‐NY15 were found to be closely related to each other and to BICMV‐Fla, ‐NR and ‐W, and less closely to BICMV‐Ind and ‐Mor. Serological relationships of BCMV‐NL1 and ‐NY15 to BCMV‐ NL3 were more distant, which is in line with the biological distinction of NL3 in causing temperature‐independent necrosis in bean cultivars with the necrosis gene I. PAGE analysis of coat proteins revealed that the three strains of BCMV and B1 CMV‐W have similar but non‐identical molecular masses. Although molecular hybridisation may further elucidate quantitative relationships between potyvir‐uses, variation within and among the potyviruses may continue to pose problems in their classification and identification.