gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Loci Associated with Insect Resistance in Tomato1 (1987)

Selection is often difficult for quantitatively inherited traits that have low heritabilities. The use of indirect selection for a genetically correlated trait, which is either easier to evaluate or has a higher heritability than the desired trait, may result in increased efficiency in selection. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are DNA markers which have a heritability of 1.0, i.e., the genotype = phenotype, and could be used as indirect selection criteria for traits with low heritabilities. The objective of this study was to identify RFLP loci associated with the quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting expression of insect resistance in a wild tomato species. Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum C.M. Mill (hirsutum). The principal toxic factor involved in the insect resistance of hirsutum is a methyl ketone compound, 2‐tridecanone (2TD), which is localized in the tips of the glandular (type VI) trichomes which cover the foliage. An population, consisting of 900 individuals derived from a cross between a hirsutum accession and an adapted tomato, L. esculentum L., cultivar, Manapal, was assayed colorimetrically for 2TD, and 74 individuals were selected which represented the widest range of expression for colorimetric absorbance. The DNA was extracted from each of the 74 selected individuals, and the genotype at from 36 to 99 RFLP loci determined. The RFLP loci on three different linkage groups were found to be correlated with expression of colorimetric absorbance. In a second study, 96 F 2 plants, visually selected to represent a wide range of colorimetric absorbance, were grown under controlled environment conditions and assayed for 2TD production. The genotype at three pairs of RFLP loci from each of the previously identified linkage groups was determined. The gene effects of each of the RFLP loci was estimated, and a multiple regression model, using the three genotypic classes at each of four RFLP loci as independent variables, was developed which accounted for 38% of the phenotypic variance for colorimetric absorbance. The results suggested that direct selection for RFLP marker loci would result in a correlated response increasing the frequency of favorable alleles associated with expression of 2TD‐mediated insect resistance.
Trophic regulation of the basal ganglia : focus on dopamine neurons (1994)

Transmitter and Trophic Signals in the Basal Ganglia. Fibroblast growth factor-2, ganglioside GM I and the trophic regulation of the basal ganglia. Focus on the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons (K. Fuxe et al.). Development and Aging of the DA Neurons. Muscle-derived differentiation factor and its regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the developing, adult and lesioned rat brain (L. lacovitti,). Oxidative stress and reduced receptor responsiveness in senescence (J.A. Joseph, G.S. Roth) . Growth Factors and Modulators Associated with DA Neurons. Expression. regulation and receptor distribution of neurotrophins in the mammalian central nervous system. (H. Persson et al.). Localization of neurotrophins and their receptors at the mRNA and protein level (L. Olson et al.). Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on injured dopaminergic neurons (F. Hefti et al.). The Role of Astroglia Cells in Trophic Control of DA Neurons. Trophic regulation of the basal ganglia: focus on dopamine neurons (J.P. Schwartz et al.). Neuron-glia interactions: receptor induced events in single astroglial cells and their implications for neuronal excitability and for neurotransmission (E. Hansson et al.). De- and Regenerative Responses in Models of Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochemical and behavioural studies on L-DOPA toxicity in the model of manganese lesioned nigrostriatal pathway in the rat: evidence for a protective effect of the GMi lactone siagoside (G. Biagini et al.). De- and Regenerative Responses after Lesions of the DA Neurons. Compensatory neurobiological changes after partial lesions with 6-hydroxy-dopamine (M.J. Zigmond). Trophic Regulations of DA Neurons via Transplants. Clearance and diffusion of locally applied dopamine in normal and 6-hydroxy-dopamine-lesioned rat striatum (B.J. Hoffer et al.). Clinical Aspects and Future Treatments for Parkinson's Disease. The pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's Disease: current status and future (T.N. Chase, M.M. Mouradian). Conclusion. Signal transduction mechanisms on striatal dopaminergic neurons: importance in neurotrophysm and neuropathology (E. Costa).
Kinetic analysis of the asymmetric amplification exhibited by B‐chlorodiisopinocampheylborane (2004)

Abstract A quantitative investigation was undertaken to determine experimentally the relative reaction rates of the heterochiral and homochiral species of B ‐chlorodiisopinocampheylborane (Dip‐Cl), a reagent that exhibits asymmetric amplification. Using the method of flooding to reduce the apparent second‐order reaction to pseudo‐first‐order conditions, rate constants of 3.8 (±1.0) × 10 −4 and 1.7 (±0.8) × 10 −5 m −1 s −1 (at −15°C) were found for the homochiral and heterochiral species, respectively. The resulting relative reaction rate, the value of g in Kagan and co‐workers' model, was 0.04 ± 0.03. Additional experiments were conducted to confirm this value. The deterioration of the chiral purity of the final product was simulated throughout reaction conversion and compared with actual values. Through minimization, a relative reaction rate ( g ) of 0.08 ± 0.04 was determined. Finally, using 8‐hydroxyquinoline complexation, the change in isomeric ratio of the Dip‐Cl remaining in the reaction solution was measured. The relative reaction rate ( g ) required to consume the isomers at the observed rate was determined as 0.08 ± 0.01. Thus, three independent methods have been used to determine the relative reaction rate ( g ) of the heterochiral to homochiral species with good agreement to give an average value of 0.07 ± 0.03. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Characterization of the DICE1 (DDX26) Tumor Suppressor Gene in Lung Carcinoma Cells (2001)

We have determined the genomic structure of the candidate tumor suppressor gene DICE1 (DDX26). The DICE1 gene colocalizes with microsatellite marker D13S284 telomeric to the RB1 gene in chromosomal region 13q14.3. The DICE1 gene encodes 18 exons that are preceded by a GC-rich promoter region. CpG sites flanking a predicted TATA box were found to be hypermethylated in tumor cells that exhibited decreased DICE1 expression. This suggests tumor-specific transcriptional silencing of the DICE1 gene may occur. Aberrantly spliced products were detected in two of three DICE1 expressing cell lines. The predicted DICE1 amino acid sequence is evolutionarily conserved in mouse, fruit fly (D. melanogaster), and nematode (C. elegans). A DEAD box characteristic of ATP-dependent helicases is the predominant motif found in DICE1 and its mouse and fruit fly homologues. Motifs other than the DEAD box are reminiscent of members of the helicase superfamily II but there is considerable variation from the typical DEAD box helicases. Expression of DICE1 green fluorescent fusion protein showed a preferential localization of DICE1 in the nucleus. This suggests that DICE1 is involved in nuclear processes such as DNA repair, transcription, or RNA splicing.
Comment on “ApoE-Directed Therapeutics Rapidly Clear β-Amyloid and Reverse Deficits in AD Mouse Models” (2013)

Cramer et al. (Reports, 23 March 2012, p. 1503; published online 9 February 2012) tested bexarotene as a potential β-amyloid-lowering drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We were not able to reproduce the described effects in several animal models. Drug formulation appears very critical. Our data call for extreme caution when considering this compound for use in AD patients.
Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting (1969)

Abstract A series of batch-type retorting experiments 930 degrees F were performed to investigate the effect of pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the retorting of oil shale. The experimental pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. The sweeping gases used were N2, COe, H2O, NH3 and H2. We found that high pressure reduces the oil yield significantly and produces a larger volume of light hydrocarbon gases. The crude shale oil obtained at high pressure has higher aromaticity and a lower pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur and nitrogen content in shale oil does not change significantly with increasing pressure. The effect of sweeping gas is usually small. In general, gases which decompose to yield H2 increase the oil yield at high pressure. At atmospheric pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, more than 100 percent of the Fischer Assay, reported on "hydrotorting" experiments was not observed in this work. Introduction The in-situ retorting of oil shale has attracted much interest because it obviates the troublesome problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and handling a large quantity of oil shale. The cost of these operations in the surface retorting process amounts to more than half the total production cost of shale oil. From an economic point of view, the recovery of shale oil by in-situ methods is highly desirable At present in--situ retorting is accomplished by combustion or hot gas injection, following conventional hydraulic fracturing. Explosive fracturing also has been studied. While these methods of fracturing are promising, there is still much uncertainty associated with them. On the other hand, even if an adequate mass permeability could be created, the high pressures encountered at depths of several thousand feet where oil shale commonly existwould certainly affect the thermal decomposition of oil shale. Thomas has experimentally simulated the effects of overburden pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of oil shale during underground retorting. Allred and Nielson studied the effect of pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and quality of oil produced. These results are fragmentary and are applicable only to reverse combustion. Grant reported an oil yield of 35 to 40 percent of the Fischer Assay was obtained in a laboratory forward combustion experiment at 500 psig. We decided to investigate the effect of pressure on oil shale retorting because so little information was available on subjects. We sought to determine me effects of fluid pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the quantity and quality of products obtained from retorting oil slide. Results of a series of batch-type retorting experiments are reported.
Sterilization of homograft ossicles by gamma radiation (1979)

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Kinetics of the reactions of NCO radicals with H2 and NO using laser photolysis–laser induced fluorescence (1985)

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of NCO radicals with hydrogen (k6; T=592–913K) and nitric oxide (k7;T=294–538K) were measured using excimer laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence at 416.8 nm. The following Arrhenius expressions summarize the data: k6=1.43×10−11e(−9000±1500)/RT k7=1.69×10−11e(390±320)/RT cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The experimental technique and results are discussed, and the importance of these reactions to combustion chemistry is addressed.
Detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibody with glycoprotein G (1985)

A recently described herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (HSV-2)-specific glycoprotein (gG-2) was purified on an immunoaffinity column prepared with monoclonal antibody. This purified antigen was used in an immunodot enzymatic assay on nitrocellulose paper for the detection of HSV-2 antibodies in human serum. The test was very sensitive in that HSV-2 antibodies were detected in the convalescent sera of 132 of 134 patients with recurrent genital infections in which HSV-2 had been isolated earlier. Antibodies to gG-2 were detected in 17% of sera obtained within 10 days after the onset of a primary HSV infection and in 95% of sera obtained more than 10 days after onset. The specificity of the immunodot assay was demonstrated by testing sera from 245 HSV-seronegative adults, 344 children, 29 nuns, and 13 patients with primary genital HSV-1 infections. None of these 631 sera was reactive with the gG-2 antigen. When compared with a microneutralization test, the immunodot assay was found to be more specific in detecting HSV-2 antibodies. Reproducibility of the gG-2 assay, obtained by retesting 391 sera, was 95%. Thus, this assay has the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility necessary for the measurement of HSV-2 antibodies in seroepidemiological studies.
Hyaluronan-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for bimodal breast cancer imaging and photothermal therapy (2016)

Theranostic nanoparticles with both imaging and therapeutic abilities are highly promising in successful diagnosis and treatment of the most devastating cancers. In this study, the dual-modal imaging and photothermal effect of hyaluronan (HA)-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (HA-SPIONs), which was developed in a previous study, were investigated for CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing breast cancer in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Heat is found to be rapidly generated by near-infrared laser range irradiation of HA-SPIONs. When incubated with CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, HA-SPIONs exhibited significant specific cellular uptake and specific accumulation confirmed by Prussian blue staining. The in vitro and in vivo results of magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal ablation demonstrated that HA-SPIONs exhibited significant negative contrast enhancement on T<sub>2</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal effect targeted CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing breast cancer. All these results indicated that HA-SPIONs have great potential for effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
The Spectrum of Complications Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement (2012)

In this 10-year review of complications following LVAD implantation, the most common adverse events tended to occur early after implantation. As pulsatile-flow HM1s showed greater frequency and earlier onset of some adverse events, our data suggest better overall outcomes with the continuous-flow HM2s.
Regulation of Hepatitis C Virion Production via Phosphorylation of the NS5A Protein (2008)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant pathogen, infecting some 170 million people worldwide. Persistent virus infection often leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the infected cell many RNA directed processes must occur to maintain and spread infection. Viral genomic RNA is constantly replicating, serving as template for translation, and being packaged into new virus particles; processes that cannot occur simultaneously. Little is known about the regulation of these events. The viral NS5A phosphoprotein has been proposed as a regulator of events in the HCV life cycle for years, but the details have remained enigmatic. NS5A is a three-domain protein and the requirement of domains I and II for RNA replication is well documented. NS5A domain III is not required for RNA replication, and the function of this region in the HCV lifecycle is unknown. We have identified a small deletion in domain III that disrupts the production of infectious virus particles without altering the efficiency of HCV RNA replication. This deletion disrupts virus production at an early stage of assembly, as no intracellular virus is generated and no viral RNA and nucleocapsid protein are released from cells. Genetic mapping has indicated a single serine residue within the deletion is responsible for the observed phenotype. This serine residue lies within a casein kinase II consensus motif, and mutations that mimic phosphorylation suggest that phosphorylation at this position regulates the production of infectious virus. We have shown by genetic silencing and chemical inhibition experiments that NS5A requires casein kinase II phosphorylation at this position for virion production. A mutation that mimics phosphorylation at this position is insensitive to these manipulations of casein kinase II activity. These data provide the first evidence for a function of the domain III of NS5A and implicate NS5A as an important regulator of the RNA replication and virion assembly of HCV. The ability to uncouple virus production from RNA replication, as described herein, may be useful in understanding HCV assembly and may be therapeutically important.
Determining transportation mode on mobile phones (2008)

As mobile phones advance in functionality and capability, they are increasingly being used as instruments for personal monitoring. Applications are being developed that take advantage of the sensing capabilities of mobile phones - many have accelerometers, location capabilities, imagers, and microphones - to infer contextual information. We focus on one type of context, the transportation mode of an individual, with the goal of creating a convenient (no requirement to place sensors externally or have specific position/orientation settings) classification system that uses a mobile phone with a GPS receiver and an accelerometer sensor to determine if an individual is stationary, walking, running, biking, or in motorized transport. The target application for this transportation mode inference involves assessing the hazard exposure and environmental impact of an individual's travel patterns. Our prototype classification system consisting of a decision tree followed by a first-order hidden Markov model achieves the application requirement of having accuracy level greater than 90% when testing with our dataset consisting of twenty hours of data collected across six individuals.
Control of Proteobacterial Central Carbon Metabolism by the HexR Transcriptional Regulator (2011)

Bacteria exploit multiple mechanisms for controlling central carbon metabolism (CCM). Thus, a bioinformatic analysis together with some experimental data implicated the HexR transcriptional factor as a global CCM regulator in some lineages of Gammaproteobacteria operating as a functional replacement of the Cra regulator characteristic of Enterobacteriales. In this study, we combined a large scale comparative genomic reconstruction of HexR-controlled regulons in 87 species of Proteobacteria with the detailed experimental analysis of the HexR regulatory network in the Shewanella oneidensis model system. Although nearly all of the HexR-controlled genes are associated with CCM, remarkable variations were revealed in the scale (from 1 to 2 target operons in Enterobacteriales up to 20 operons in Aeromonadales) and gene content of HexR regulons between 11 compared lineages. A predicted 17-bp pseudo-palindrome with a consensus tTGTAATwwwATTACa was confirmed as a HexR-binding motif for 15 target operons (comprising 30 genes) by in vitro binding assays. The negative effect of the key CCM intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate, on the DNA-regulator complex formation was verified. A dual mode of HexR action on various target promoters, repression of genes involved in catabolic pathways and activation of gluconeogenic genes, was for the first time predicted by the bioinformatic analysis and experimentally verified by changed gene expression pattern in S. oneidensis ΔhexR mutant. Phenotypic profiling revealed the inability of this mutant to grow on lactate or pyruvate as a single carbon source. A comparative metabolic flux analysis of wild-type and mutant strains of S. oneidensis using [(13)C]lactate labeling and GC-MS analysis confirmed the hypothesized HexR role as a master regulator of gluconeogenic flux from pyruvate via the transcriptional activation of phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PpsA).
Dissolution and Uniformity Properties of Ordered Mixes of Micronized Griseofulvin and A Directly Compressible Excipient (1985)

Ordered mixes of micronized griseofulvin were prepared with a commercially available directly compressible excipient. The excipient consisted of a combination of maltose and dextrose and a particle size fraction of approximately 250-850µ was employed in the mixing studies. Ordered mixes containing 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% active ingredient were prepared and after thirty minutes of mixing, excellent content uniformity of the mixes was seen. Rapid dissolution of drug from the sugar granules was observed when the drug coated granules were tested using the U.S.P. Paddle Method. The ordered mixing process provided an even coat of the micronized drug onto the granules. As the granules dissolved, particle-particle interactions and aggregation problems with the hydrophobic drug were eliminated. The properties of griseofulvin tablets prepared from these ordered mixes were evaluated and the tablets showed excellent content uniformity and rapid dissolution of griseofulvin from the dosage form.
Human Factors in Green Building: Building Types and Users’ Needs (2019)

The Special Issue on “Human Factors in Green Building” addresses the design of indoor environment quality for users’ needs. The collected papers cover various building types and the research highlights the different needs of users. In working environments, employees’ stress is the main concern in the workplace design, especially for open plan offices where lack of privacy and over exposure to environmental stress have been reported. In residential environments, residents have great opportunities to adjust their environments to suit their needs; therefore, passive design such as natural ventilation is explored in residential buildings with climates such as cold or humid tropical. In healthcare environments, the papers in this issue are concerned with the needs of patients, especially the older adults who require special care. In learning environments, thermal and visual aspects are investigated for optimal comfort conditions and learning outcomes. The special issue demonstrates insightful critical thinking of indoor environment quality and proposes a new understanding for more practical design solutions. This editorial note is a brief review of the 12 papers, concluding with reflections about design of built environments to meet users’ needs.
DNAzymes and ribozymes carrying 2'-C-methyl nucleotides (2008)

DNAzymes and Ribozymes find applications as inhibitors of gene expression and in detection systems such as biosensors, among others. In particular, we are interested in the properties of hammerhead ribozymes carrying 2'-C-methylnucleotides and 10-23 DNAzymes containing (2'R) or (2'S)- 2'-C-methyl 2'-deoxynucleotides. In this work a new synthesis of 2'-C-Methyluridine phosphoramidite is presented. Special emphasis is dedicated to the improvement of the protection of the tertiary 2'-hydroxyl group. Comparison to previous protecting strategies as well as the stability under oligonucleotide synthesis conditions is discussed.2'-C-methyl-2'-deoxynucleosides show differential preferred conformations depending on the configuration of the 2'-carbon. The influence of these modifications on the activity of 10-23 DNAzymes is also assessed.