gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LANSF: A protocol modelling environment and its implementation (1991)

Abstract LANSF is a software package that was originally designed as a tool to investigate the behaviour of medium access control (MAC) level protocols. These protocols form an interesting class of distributed computations: timing of events is the key factor in them. The protocol definition language of LANSF is based on C, and protocols are specified (programmed) as collections of communicating, interrupt‐driven processes. These specifications are executable: an event‐driven emulator of MAC‐level communication phenomena forms the foundation of the implementation. Some tools for debugging, testing, and validation of protocol specifications are provided. We present key features of LANSF at the syntactic level, comment informally on the semantics of these features, and highlight some implementation issues. A complete example of a LANSF application is discussed in the Appendix.
Design of holographic concave gratings for Seya-Namioka monochromators (1974)

The theory of the holographic grating is applied to the design of aberration-corrected holographic concave gratings for use with Seya–Namioka monochromators. A method of determining the proper recording parameters is described. The performance of gratings that would be produced by use of the proper recording parameters is evaluated in terms of the magnitude of the aberration terms and the degree of spread in spot diagrams. The results indicate that properly designed holographic concave gratings show much improved performance over mechanically ruled concave gratings.
Multipolar Bubbles and Jets in Low-Excitation Planetary Nebulae: Toward a New Understanding of the Formation and Shaping of Planetary Nebulae (1998)

First results from a Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Hα imaging survey of young planetary nebulae (PNs) are reported. The PNs have been selected on the basis of their low excitation characteristics. All objects imaged so far show highly aspherical morphology, with a majority characterized by multipolar bubbles distributed roughly point-symmetrically around the central star. In some objects, bipolar ansae or collimated radial structures are seen, indicating the presence of jets, whereas in others bright structures near the minor axes indicate the presence of disks or torii. The complexity, organization, and symmetry of the above structures lead us to propose that the primary agent for shaping PNs is high-speed collimated outflows or jets that operate during the late asymptotic galactic branch (AGB) and/or early post-AGB evolutionary phase, and not a preexisting equatorial density enhancement as envisioned in the currently popular model. These outflows carve out a complex imprint within an intrinsically spherical AGB circumstellar envelope (CSE). Subsequent expansion of a hot, tenuous stellar wind from the post-AGB star inside the imprinted AGB CSE then produces the observed PN, whose shape and structure depend in detail on how the characteristics of the jets change with time.
Identification and Molecular Cloning of Two Novel Receptors for the Cytotoxic Ligand TRAIL (1997)

A human receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL (TRAIL receptor-1, designated DR4) was identified recently as a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. In this report we describe the identification of two additional human TRAIL receptors, TRAIL receptor-2 and TRAIL receptor-3, that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Interestingly, TRAIL receptor-2 but not TRAIL receptor-3 contains a cytoplasmic "death domain" necessary for induction of apoptosis and is hence designated death receptor-5 (DR5). Like DR4, DR5 engages the apoptotic pathway independent of the adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. Because of its lack of a death domain, TRAIL receptor-3 is not capable of inducing apoptosis. However, by competing for TRAIL, it is capable of inhibiting TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, TRAIL receptor-3 may function as an antagonistic decoy receptor to attenuate the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL in most tissues that are TRAIL+, DR4+, and DR5+.
Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator (2010)

We report the realization of a quantum circuit in which an ensemble of electronic spins is coupled to a frequency tunable superconducting resonator. The spins are nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The achievement of strong coupling is manifested by the appearance of a vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmission spectrum of the resonator when its frequency is tuned through the nitrogen-vacancy center electron spin resonance.
Thickness dependent hierarchical meso/nano scale morphologies of a metal-containing block copolymer thin film induced by hybrid annealing and their pattern transfer abilities (2009)

In this paper we describe dewetting phenomena in organic (polystyrene, PS)/inorganic (polyferrocenyldimethylsilane, PFS) block copolymer thin films. Mesoscale dendritic structures are induced when the spin-cast thin film of this polymer is subjected to so-called hybrid annealing, which involves both thermal and solvent annealing. We show that the development and arrangement of these mesoscale dendritic structures depends on the initial film thickness in addition to the annealing time. Importantly, there are two criteria that must be fulfilled to achieve these mesoscale morphologies: (i) the film has to be subjected to hybrid annealing, i.e. either only thermal or only solvent annealing does not produce any notable mesostructures and (ii) both PS and PFS blocks must be present during the thermal and solvent annealing procedures; if one of the blocks, for instance PS, is removed before annealing then there is no mesostructure. Various possible mechanisms for the formation of these structures are discussed and results indicate that the PFS block dominates the structure formation. We also observe a ring- or worm-like nanostructure which develops only when the film is subjected to hybrid annealing at a particular film thickness. Apart from these results, here we demonstrate that mesoscale structures can be successfully transferred onto underlying substrates.
Methotrexate for Chronic Diseases in Adults (1995)

More than 40 years after the initial report1 of a beneficial effect of aminopterin, the parent compound of methotrexate, in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, there is a resurgence of interest in the use of methotrexate in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this issue of the Journal, Feagan and colleagues report that in a 16-week double-blind trial, intramuscular methotrexate (25 mg once weekly) was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms and reducing requirements for prednisone in patients with chronically active Crohn's disease.2 A greater proportion of patients were in clinical remission in the methotrexate group (39.4 percent) than in the . . .
Deep Roots: Improving CNN Efficiency with Hierarchical Filter Groups (2017)

We propose a new method for creating computationally efficient and compact convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using a novel sparse connection structure that resembles a tree root. This allows a significant reduction in computational cost and number of parameters compared to state-of-the-art deep CNNs, without compromising accuracy, by exploiting the sparsity of inter-layer filter dependencies. We validate our approach by using it to train more efficient variants of state-of-the-art CNN architectures, evaluated on the CIFAR10 and ILSVRC datasets. Our results show similar or higher accuracy than the baseline architectures with much less computation, as measured by CPU and GPU timings. For example, for ResNet 50, our model has 40% fewer parameters, 45% fewer floating point operations, and is 31% (12%) faster on a CPU (GPU). For the deeper ResNet 200 our model has 48% fewer parameters and 27% fewer floating point operations, while maintaining state-of-the-art accuracy. For GoogLeNet, our model has 7% fewer parameters and is 21% (16%) faster on a CPU (GPU).
Mitochondrial cholesterol transport: A possible target in the management of hyperlipidemia (2005)

Sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) may defend cells against accumulation of excess cholesterol, making this enzyme a possible target in the management of hyperlipidemia. The study objective was to analyze cholesterol homeostatic responses to increases in CYP27A1 activity in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. Increasing CYP27A1 activity by increasing enzyme expression led to significant increases in bile acid synthesis with compensatory increases in HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) activity/protein, LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA, and LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake. Under these conditions, only a small increase in cellular 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OH-Chol) concentration was observed. No changes were detected in mature sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) 1 or 2. Increasing CYP27A1 activity by increasing mitochondrial cholesterol transport (i.e., substrate availability) led to greater increases in bile acid synthesis with significant increases in cellular 27OH-Chol concentration. Mature SREBP 2 protein decreased significantly with compensatory decreases in HMGR protein. No change was detected in mature SREBP 1 protein. Despite increasing 27OH-Chol and lowering SREBP 2 protein concentrations, LDLR mRNA increased significantly, suggesting alternative mechanisms of LDLR transcriptional regulation. These findings suggest that regulation of liver mitochondrial cholesterol transport represents a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Supporting blind photography (2011)

Blind people want to take photographs for the same reasons as others -- to record important events, to share experiences, and as an outlet for artistic expression. Furthermore, both automatic computer vision technology and human-powered services can be used to give blind people feedback on their environment, but to work their best these systems need high-quality photos as input. In this paper, we present the results of a large survey that shows how blind people are currently using cameras. Next, we introduce EasySnap, an application that provides audio feedback to help blind people take pictures of objects and people and show that blind photographers take better photographs with this feedback. We then discuss how we iterated on the portrait functionality to create a new application called PortraitFramer designed specifically for this function. Finally, we present the results of an in-depth study with 15 blind and low-vision participants, showing that they could pick up how to successfully use the application very quickly.
The effects of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition on estrogen metabolite and oxidative DNA damage levels in estradiol-treated MCF-7 cells. (2001)

Many of the major identified risk factors for breast cancer are associated with exposure to endogenous estrogen. In addition to the effects of estrogen as a growth factor, experimental and epidemiological evidence suggest that catechol metabolites of estrogen also contribute to estrogen carcinogenesis by both direct and indirect genotoxic mechanisms. O-Methylation catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a Phase II metabolic inactivation pathway for catechol estrogens. We and others have found that a polymorphism in the COMT gene, which codes for a low activity variant of the COMT enzyme, is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer; therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the role of decreased COMT activity on estrogen catechol levels and on oxidative DNA damage, as measured by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels. MCF-7 cells were pretreated with dioxin as a means to increase estrogen metabolism to catechol estrogens, then treated with estradiol (E2) +/- Ro 41-0960, a COMT-specific inhibitor. After extraction from culture medium, estrogen metabolites were separated using an high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection method. As expected, dioxin dramatically increased E2 oxidative metabolism, primarily to its 2-OH and 2-methoxy metabolites. The COMT inhibitor blocked 2-methoxy E2 formation. This was associated with increased 2-hydroxy E2 (2-OH E2) and 8-oxo-dG levels. In the presence of COMT inhibition, increased oxidative DNA damage was detected in MCF-7 cells exposed to as low as 0.1 microM E2, whereas in the absence of COMT inhibition, no increase in 8-oxo-dG was detected at E2 concentrations < or =10 microM. This study is the first to show that O-methylation of 2-OH E2 by COMT is protective against oxidative DNA damage caused by 2-OH E2, a major oxidative metabolite of E2.
The New Australian Standard on Guidelines for Design of Marinas (1992)

The Australian Standard AS 3962-1991, Guidelines for design of marinas, was prepared following an approach to Standards Australia by a number of industry-based parties. This paper describes the procedure for developing the Standard from the initial request through to publication. Technical details of the content of the Standard are highlighted to show the extent of coverage of the subject.
Control of Etch Slope during Etching of Pt in Ar/Cl2/O2 Plasmas (1996)

Pt patterns of the 0.25 µ m design rule were etched at 20° C using a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher. The main problem of this device integration process is the redeposition of the etch products onto the pattern sidewall, making it difficult to reduce the pattern size. In both cases using a photoresist mask and an oxide mask, the redeposits of the etch products onto the sidewall were reduced by the addition of Cl 2 to Ar, although the etch slope was lowered to 45°. Using the oxide mask, by adding O 2 to the Cl-containing gas, the etch slope was increased up to 70°, and the redeposits were removed by an HCl cleaning process.
Antitumor activity of intraperitoneal immunotoxins in a nude mouse model of human malignant mesothelioma. (1987)

Immunotoxins directed against human transferrin receptor have been evaluated in a nude mouse model of human malignant mesothelioma. Immunotoxins were constructed by linking ricin A chain to murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with the human transferrin receptor. A chain was obtained either by isolation from the parent toxin or by recombinant DNA techniques. These immunotoxins acted as potent in vitro cytotoxins against human malignant mesothelioma cells (H-MESO-1) (ID50, 2 X 10(-9) M). Cytotoxic potency and kinetics of cell kill were potentiated in vitro by the carboxylic ionophore monensin. For in vivo trials, nude mice were injected i.p. with 6-9 X 10(6) human malignant mesothelioma cells 24 h prior to the start of i.p. immunotoxin treatments. The survival of tumor-bearing mice was extended by 149-404%, representing a probable cell kill of 2-4 logs. Specificity of this antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin response was confirmed by the ineffectiveness of irrelevant control immunotoxins and blockade of specific immunotoxin action by excess free antibody. Monensin showed limited in vivo potentiation of immunotoxin effect, but a derivative formed by esterification of monensin with linoleic acid gave improved survival times over treatment with immunotoxin alone. Immunotoxins constructed with ricin A chain have significant tumoricidal activity in this model of regional antitumor therapy. These results may have direct relevance for treatment of i.p. malignancy in clinical settings.
Fine control of plastic and elastic relaxation in Ge/Si vertical heterostructures (2014)

We present a theoretical investigation of plasticity onset and strain relaxation in Ge on Si pillar-like, vertical heterostructures (VHEs). By means of linear elasticity theory solved by Finite Element Methods, we determine the critical thickness hc for the insertion of a 60° dislocation in Si1–xGex/Si VHEs as a function of their lateral extension. Then, we quantify the effect of inserting one or more buffer layers in further delaying plasticity when growing a Ge-pure layer on top of the VHEs. The presence of intermediate layers of suitable Ge content allows for the formation of fully coherent structures up to the micron scale. The optimal thickness of one or multiple buffers to avoid dislocations is also discussed.
CXCL13 neutralization reduces the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis (2005)

Neutralization of CXCL13 inhibits the development of CIA and reduces follicular response in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. These findings may have important implications regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune arthritis.
Sequence of a cDNA encoding human LRP (leukocyte common antigen-related peptide) (1990)

Journal Article Sequence of a cDNA encoding human LRP (leukocyte common antigen-related peptide) Get access S. Ohagi, S. Ohagi 1The University of Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology920 East 58th Street Chicago, IL 60637 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Nishi, M. Nishi 3The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama University of Medical Science27-Nanabancho, Wakayama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.F. Steiner D.F. Steiner * 1The University of Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology920 East 58th Street Chicago, IL 606372Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Medicine, Wakayama University of Medical Science27-Nanabancho, Wakayama, Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Box 23, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 23, 1 December 1990, Page 7159, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.23.7159 Published: 01 January 1990 Article history Published: 01 January 1990 Received: 26 October 1990
Enhanced Reservoir Characterization Using Hydraulic Fracture Microseismicity (2011)

Abstract Microseismic measurements were integrated with seismic reservoir characterization and injection data to investigate variability in the hydraulic fracture response between three horizontal wells in the Montney shale in NE British Columbia, Canada. When wells were close enough, hydraulic fractures were found to interact with pre-existing faults, which acted as a barrier to fracture growth, and resulted in relatively large-magnitude microseismicity. Pre-existing faults were identified by edge detection/ant tracking algorithms applied to seismic reflection data, as well as from advanced analysis of the microseismicity, including microseismic deformation levels, magnitude-frequency characteristics and composite failure mechanism analysis. In cases where the wells were far from pre-existing faults simple, planar hydraulic fractures were observed, although there was a tendency to grow towards regions of low Poisson’s ratio based on amplitude versus offset inversion of the seismic reflection data. The tendency for the hydraulic fractures to be asymmetric and grow preferentially towards the low Poisson’s ratio region is attributed to material property changes and associated lower stresses in these regions. Insight from the enhanced reservoir characterization with integrated microseismic and treatment data is being used for better well placement, improved completion designs and increased production.
Fully human IgG and IgM antibodies directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Gold 4 epitope and designed for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of colorectal cancers (2004)

Our human anti-CEA IgG2kappa is a promising candidate for radioimmunotherapy in intact form, as F(ab')2 fragments, or as a bispecific antibody.
Synthesis of 9-hydroxyalkyl-substituted purines from the corresponding 4-(C-cyanoformimidoyl)imidazole-5-amines (1992)

The amino alcohols HO(CH2)n NH2(n= 2, 3 and 5) react readily with ethyl (Z)-N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate 5 to give the amidines 6a-c, which cyclize in the presence of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) to give the corresponding 4-(cyanoformimidoyl)imidazole-5-amines 7a-c, which can be isolated in the cases where n= 2 or 3.In the presence of aldehydes and ketones, the imidazoles 7a-d lead to the 6-carbamoyl-1,2-di-hydropurines 9a-f which, in some cases, are oxidised to the corresponding 6-carbamoylpurines.The reaction of the imidate 5 with 2-methoxyethylamine leads to the amidine 6d and, on treatment with DBU, the reactive imidazole 7d which can be used directly for further reaction.
Control of Chemokine Gradients by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2008)

Chemokine gradients across the RPE can be altered (1) through an ICM-induced change in polarized chemokine secretion and (2) through an increase in ICM-induced net fluid absorption. In vivo, both of these factors could contribute to the development of chemokine gradients that help mediate the progression of inflammation/angiogenesis at the retina/RPE/choroid complex.
Optimization of shielded PCB air-core toroids for high efficiency dc-dc converters (2009)

The paper describes the design of optimized PCB air-core toroids for high frequency DC-DC converters with strict requirements in terms of volume and noise. The effect of several design parameters on the overall inductor volume, on DC and AC winding resistance, and on the radiated noise will be investigated. PCB toroids are compared to standard air-core solenoids and other state-of-the-art air-core toroids both theoretically and experimentally: at first using ANSOFT Maxwell and ANSOFT Q3D simulation tools, subsequently with laboratory measurements (irradiated noise and efficiency) on several prototypes. These very flexible and rather easy to manufacture inductors appear very attractive for compact high frequency DC-DC converters where high efficiency, low volume and low noise are of primary concern.
Vitronectin is responsible for serum-stimulated uptake of rod outer segments by cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. (1997)

Vitronectin is the component responsible for serum stimulation of ROS uptake, and this uptake appears to be mediated by an alpha v beta 5 integrin. Although clearly important in vitro, a role for VN in ROS uptake by RPE cells in situ remains to be determined.
Hepatitis B Virus Large and Middle Glycoproteins Are Degraded by a Proteasome Pathway in Glucosidase-Inhibited Cells but Not in Cells with Functional Glucosidase Enzyme (2005)

The secretion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) large (LHBs) and middle (MHBs) envelope polypeptides from tissue cultures requires proper protein folding and is prevented by inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glucosidase. Using competitive inhibitors of the ER glucosidase, here it is shown that the amounts of glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of LHBs and MHBs proteins are all greatly reduced in tissue cultures producing HBV envelope glycoproteins. In contrast, the HBV small (SHBs) protein was not affected. The reduction in secretion of LHBs and MHBs proteins appears to be mediated by proteasomal degradation pathways, since it is prevented by either lactacystin or epoxomicin, two inhibitors of proteasomal degradation. Although there is no detectable proteasomal degradation of LHBs and MHBs in cells with functional glucosidase, the implications of the nearly quantitative sensitivity of glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of LHBs and MHBs proteins, with selective sparing of SHBs protein, in cells in which glucosidase is inhibited is surprising, and its implications are discussed.