gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IGF2BP1 Harbors Prognostic Significance by Gene Gain and Diverse Expression in Neuroblastoma (2015)

In neuroblastoma, IGF2BP1 was expressed in the majority of neuroblastoma specimens analyzed and was associated with lower overall patient survival and MYCN abundance. These data demonstrate that IGF2BP1 is a potential oncogene and an independent negative prognostic factor in neuroblastoma.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and Risk of Myocardial Infarction (1999)

Omega-3 fatty acids have potential antiatherogenic, antithrombotic, and antiarrhythmic properties, but their role in coronary heart disease remains controversial. To evaluate the association of omega-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue with the risk of myocardial infarction in men, a case-control study was conducted in eight European countries and Israel. Cases (n=639) included patients with a first myocardial infarction admitted to coronary care units within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. Controls (n=700) were selected to represent the populations originating the cases. Adipose tissue levels of fatty acids were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The mean (+/-SD) proportion of alpha-linolenic acid was 0.77% (+/-0.19) of fatty acids in cases and 0.80% (+/-0.19) of fatty acids in controls (P=0.01). The relative risk for the highest quintile of alpha-linolenic acid compared with the lowest was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22 to 0.81, P-trend=0.02). After adjusting for classical risk factors, the relative risk for the highest quintile was 0.68 (95% CI 0.31 to 1.49, P-trend=0.38). The mean proportion of docosahexaenoic acid was 0.24% (+/-0.13) of fatty acids in cases and 0.25% (+/-0.13) of fatty acids in controls (P=0. 14), with no evidence of association with risk of myocardial infarction. In this large case-control study we could not detect a protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the risk of myocardial infarction. The protective effect of alpha-linolenic acid was attenuated after adjusting for classical risk factors (mainly smoking), but it deserves further research.
Repeatability analysis of land time-lapse seismic data: CO2CRC Otway pilot project case study (2010)

Time-lapse seismics is the methodology of choice for remotely monitoring changes in oil/gas reservoir depletion, reservoir stimulation or CO2 sequestration, due to good sensitivity and resolving power at depths up to several kilometres. This method is now routinely applied offshore, however, the use of time-lapse methodology onshore is relatively rare. The main reason for this is the relatively high cost of commercial seismic acquisition on land. A widespread belief of a relatively poor repeatability of land seismic data prevents rapid growth in the number of land time-lapse surveys. Considering that CO2 sequestration on land is becoming a necessity, there is a great need to evaluate the feasibility of time-lapse seismics for monitoring. Therefore, an understanding of the factors influencing repeatability of land seismics and evaluating limitations of the method is crucially important for its application in many CO2 sequestration projects. We analyse several repeated 2D and 3D surveys acquired within the Otway CO2 sequestration pilot project (operated by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Technologies, CO2CRC) in Australia, in order to determine the principal limitations of land time-lapse seismic repeatability and investigate the influence of the main factors affecting it. Our findings are that the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, signal to coherent and background noise levels) and the normalized-root-mean-square (NRMS) difference are controlled by the source strength and source type. However, the post-stack S/N ratio and corresponding NRMS residuals are controlled mainly by the data fold. For very high-fold data, the source strength and source type are less critical.
Mechanism of inactivation of DNA and RNA bacteriophages by alkylating agents in vitro. (1966)

Bifunctional alkylating agents, analogs of di-(2-chloroethyl)-methylamine, inactivate bacteriophages, including RNA phage (MS2), single-standed DNA phages (ΦX174, S13, and f1), and double-stranded DNA phages (T2 and P22), whereas monofunctional alkylating agents do not inactivate these phages significantly. Therefore, it is concluded that inactivation may occur by intrastrand cross-linkage in DNA or RNA as well as by interstrand cross-linkage between complementary strands of DNA.

When bifunctional alkylating agents are used containing threitol or mannitol as the substituent, inactivation was restricted to a few phage strains. A possible mechanism for this observation is discussed.
Estrogen-induced Activation of Cdk4 and Cdk2 during G1-S Phase Progression Is Accompanied by Increased Cyclin D1 Expression and Decreased Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor Association with Cyclin E-Cdk2 (1997)

Estrogens induce cell proliferation in target tissues by stimulating progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle, but the underlying molecular targets remain undefined. To determine the role of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway in this response we treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with the pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182780 to inhibit estrogen-induced gene expression and induce G1 phase arrest. Subsequent treatment with 17beta-estradiol resulted in the synchronous entry of cells into S phase commencing at 12 h. The proportion of cells in S phase reached a maximum of 60% at 21-24 h. Cells subsequently completed mitosis and entered a second semisynchronous round of replication. Entry into S phase was preceded by increased activity of both Cdk4 and cyclin E-Cdk2 and hyperphosphorylation of pRB, all within the first 3-6 h of estradiol treatment. The increase in Cdk4 activity was accompanied by increases in cyclin D1 mRNA and protein, indicating that an initiating event in the activation of Cdk4 was increased cyclin D1 gene expression. In contrast, the levels of Cdk2 and the CDK inhibitors p21 (WAF1/CIP1/SDI1) and p27 (KIP1) in total cell lysates and in cyclin E immunoprecipitates were unaltered at these early time points. However, an inhibitory activity was present in antiestrogen-pretreated cell lysates toward recombinant cyclin E-Cdk2 and was relieved by estradiol treatment. This activity was attributable predominantly to p21. These apparently conflicting data were resolved by performing gel filtration chromatography, which revealed that only a minority of cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes were active following estradiol treatment. Active complexes eluted at a higher molecular weight than inactive complexes, were relatively deficient in both p21 and p27, and contained Cdk2 with increased threonine 160 phosphorylation, consistent with a mechanism of activation of cyclin E-Cdk2 involving both reduced CDK inhibitor association and CDK-activating kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Cdk2. These results provide an explanation for the early activation of both cyclin D1-Cdk4 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes that accompany G1-S phase progression in response to estradiol.
Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of a high quality GaN film using an AlN buffer layer (1986)

Atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth and characterization of high quality GaN on sapphire (0001) substrates are reported. Using AlN buffer layers, GaN thin films with optically flat surfaces free from cracks are successfully grown. The narrowest x-ray rocking curve from the (0006) plane is 2.70′ and from the (202̄4) plane is 1.86′. Photoluminescence spectra show strong near band edge emission. The growth condition dependence of crystalline quality is also studied.
Nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pig and rat measured by acoustic rhinometry and fluid-displacement method (2004)

The purpose of the study was to measure nasal passageway dimensions in guinea pigs and rats by use of acoustic rhinometry (AR) and by a previously described fluid-displacement method (FDM) (Straszek SP, Taagehoej F, Graff S, and Pedersen OF. J Appl Physiol 95: 635-642, 2003) to investigate the potential of AR in pharmacological research with these animals. We measured the area-distance relationships by AR of nasal cavities postmortem in five guinea pigs (Duncan Hartley, 400 g) and five rats (Wistar, 250 g) by using custom-made equipment scaled for the purpose. Nosepieces were made from plastic pipette tips and either inserted into or glued onto the nostrils. We used liquid perfluorocarbon in the fluid-displacement study, and it was carried out subsequent to the acoustic measurements. We found for guinea pigs that AR measured a mean volume of 98 mm(3) (95-100 mm(3)) (mean and 95% confidence interval) of the first 2 cm of the cavity. FDM measured a mean volume of 146 mm(3) (117-175 mm(3)), meaning that AR only measured 70% (50-90) of the volume by FDM. For rats, the volume from 0 to 2 cm was 58 mm(3) (55-61 mm(3)) by AR and 73 mm(3) (60-87 mm(3)) by FDM, resulting in AR only measuring 83% (66-100%) of volume by FDM (see Table 2). We conclude that absolute nasal cavity dimensions are underestimated by AR in guinea pigs and rats. This does not preclude that relative changes may be correctly measured. In vivo trials with AR using rats have not yet been published. The FDM is possibly the most accurate alternative to AR for measurements of the nasal cavity geometry in small laboratory animals, but it can only be used postmortem.
Coulombic Interactions in Macromolecular Systems (1986)

The interest in the subject of ion-containing polymers has continued unabated since the development of organic ion-exchange resins in the 1940's. This interest is due to the variety of properties and applications that result from the interactions of ions bound to organic macromolecules. These interactions affect the physical properties as well as the transport properties of the host material, and these polymers have found applications in areas as diverse as thermoplastic elastomers, permselective membranes, and microencapsulation membranes. The common thread in all these applications and the ion-containing polymers that are used is that the ionic moieties and their interactions dominate the behavior of the polymer. It is not surprising, therefore, that the great bulk of the scientific effort that has been devoted to ion-containing polymers for the past two decades has been directed at delineating and understanding the very complex nature of these ionic interactions and the microstructure of the
Role of Divalency in the High-Affinity Binding of Anticardiolipin Antibody−β2-Glycoprotein I Complexes to Lipid Membranes (1996)

beta 2-Glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) is an essential cofactor for the binding to lipids of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), isolated from patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. We used ellipsometry to study the binding of beta 2GPI and the beta 2GPI-mediated binding of ACA to planar membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 5-20 mol % phosphatidylserine (PS). No binding of beta 2GPI was observed to neutral (PC) membranes. Maximal binding of beta 2GPI was 3.2-3.6 pmol.cm-2. Affinity decreased strongly with decreasing PS content; increasing the NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations also led to a decrease in affinity. At physiologic conditions (10 mol % PS, 120 mM NaCl, and 3 mM CaCl2), a Kd of 14 microM was observed. Binding constants were insensitive to the chemical composition of the negatively charged phospholipid headgroup. ACA (1.25-10 micrograms.mL-1) caused a 30-40-fold enhancement of beta 2GPI binding to PS/PC membranes (20 mol % PS), resulting in the binding of about 2 pmol.cm-2 divalent ACA-(beta 2GPI)2 complexes at 100 nM beta 2GPI. In the absence of beta 2GPI, binding of ACA was negligible. Ad- and desorption kinetics of ACA-beta 2GPI complexes indicate that the initial monovalent association of ACA to membrane-bound beta 2GPI is rapidly followed by formation of divalent ACA-(beta 2GPI)2 complexes. Experiments with monovalent Fab1 fragments of ACA showed no appreciable effect on the beta 2GPI binding to lipid, substantiating the notion that divalent interactions are essential for the high-affinity binding of ACA-beta 2GPI. The anticoagulant effect of ACA is rationalized by the observation that binding of ACA-beta 2GPI complexes to the PSPC membrane severely restricts the adsorption of blood coagulation factor Xa.
Value co-creation mechanisms of enterprises and users under crowdsource-based open innovation (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the existing research and summarize the value co-creation mechanism between enterprises and users in crowdsource-based open innovation (COI). Design/methodology/approach Crowdsourcing is an effective means for enterprises to launch open innovation. This paper will first introduce the concepts and forms of open innovation and crowdsourcing, and then define COI. Findings This paper will analyze the key parties in innovative tasks, value co-creation mechanism that creates ideas, the interaction of key participants and the process of integrating internal and external resources to realize open innovation. Research limitations/implications In the end, this paper will put forward the theoretical framework for future studies on the development of COI from the perspective of value co-creation. Originality/value This thesis will first introduce the concepts and forms of open innovation and outsourcing and then define COI. Then it will systematically review the existing research studies and summarize the value co-creation mechanism between enterprises and users under COI model by analyzing the key parties in innovative tasks, value co-creation mechanism that creates ideas, the interaction mode of key participants and the process of enterprises integrating internal and external resources to realize open innovation.
Human Resistance toPlasmodium falciparumIncreases during Puberty and Is Predicted by Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels (2001)

Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum develops slowly in areas of endemicity, and this is often ascribed to poorly immunogenic or highly variant parasite antigens. However, among populations newly exposed to malaria, adults acquire immunity more rapidly than children. We examined the relationship between pubertal development and resistance to P. falciparum. During two transmission seasons in western Kenya, we treated the same cohort of young males to eradicate P. falciparum and then obtained blood smears each week for 4 months. We determined pubertal development by Tanner staging and by levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in plasma. In multivariate and age-stratified analyses, we examined the effect of pubertal development on resistance to malaria. In both seasons (n = 248 and 144 volunteers, respectively), older males were less susceptible than younger males. Age-related decreases in the frequency and density of parasitemia were greatest during puberty (15- to 20-year-olds). DHEAS and testosterone were significant independent predictors of resistance to P. falciparum parasitemia, even after accounting for the effect of age. Fifteen- to 20-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 72% lower mean parasite density (P<0.01) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. Similarly, 21- to 35-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 92% lower mean parasite density (P<0.001) and 48% lower frequency of parasitemia (P<0.05) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. These data suggest that the long period needed to attain full immunity could be explained as a consequence of host development rather than as the requirement to recognize variant or poorly immunogenic parasite antigens.
Band structure, deformation potentials, and carrier mobility in strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys (1996)

Using nonlocal empirical pseudopotentials, we compute the band structure and shear deformation potentials of strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys. Fitting the theoretical results to experimental data on the phonon-limited carrier mobilities in bulk Si and Ge, the dilatation deformation potential Ξd is found to be 1.1 eV for the Si Δ minima, −4.4 eV for the Ge L minima, corresponding to a value for the valence band dilatation deformation potential a of approximately 2 eV for both Si and Ge. The optical deformation potential d0 is found to be 41.45 and 41.75 eV for Si and Ge, respectively. Carrier mobilities in strained Si and Ge are then evaluated. The results show a large enhancement of the hole mobility for both tensile and compressive strain along the [001] direction, but only a modest enhancement (approximately 60%) of the electron mobility for tensile biaxial strain in Si. Finally, from a fit to carrier mobilities in relaxed SiGe alloys, the effective alloy scattering potential is determined to be about 0.7 eV for electrons, 0.9±0.1 eV for holes, and the low-field mobilities in strained alloys can be evaluated. The results show that alloy scattering completely cancels any gain expected from the lifting of the valleys/bands degeneracy caused by the strain.
Macrophage oxygen-dependent antimicrobial activity. II. The role of oxygen intermediates. (1979)

The capacity of three populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages to generate oxidative metabolites (as judged by extracellular release of H2O2) was compared to their ability to influence the intracellular fate of virulent Toxoplasma gondii. Macrophages from normal mice released little H2O2 and allowed unrestricted multiplication of intracellular toxoplasmas. Cells from chronically infected, immune (IM) mice released 4 times more H2O2 and displayed microbistatic activity. In contrast, macrophages from immune-boosted (IB) mice released 25 times more H2O2 than normal cells and rapidly killed the bulk of ingested toxoplasmas within 1 h. When macrophage monolayers were exposed to scavengers of O2-, H2O2, OH., and 1O2, both the inhibition of intracellular toxoplasma multiplication by IM macrophages and the killing of toxoplasmas by IB macrophages were reversed. Depriving cells of glucose, which markedly reduced H2O2 release, resulted in similar reversal of IM and IB macrophage anti-toxoplasma activity. As judged by the effect of the individual oxygen intermediate scavengers, O2- and H2O2 appeared to serve as precursors for the key toxic agents which may include OH. and 1O2. Providing normal macrophages with an exogenous source of oxidative metabolites generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, but not glucose and glucose oxidase, resulted in inhibition of intracellular toxoplasma growth. These findings suggest the presence of an oxygen-dependent antimicrobial system in mononuclear phagocytes beyond the production of O2- and H2O2, and indicate an important role for oxygen intermediates in macrophage resistance to the intracellular pathogen T. gondii.
DC power bus noise isolation with power islands (2002)

Segmented power planes are often used for DC power bus noise isolation in multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) designs. To achieve a desirable noise isolation, different power plane segmentations can be used. A suitable modeling approach, as well as measurements, were employed to study the power bus isolation with several power plane segmentation configurations. The studied geometries included power island designs connected with a conducting bridge, a ferrite bead, and a /spl pi/-filter. In addition, different conducting bridge widths and power island gap widths were analyzed, and compared. The modeled and measured results show that power plane segmentations with proper designs can result in significant power bus noise isolation.
AZD7762, a novel checkpoint kinase inhibitor, drives checkpoint abrogation and potentiates DNA-targeted therapies (2008)

Insights from cell cycle research have led to the hypothesis that tumors may be selectively sensitized to DNA-damaging agents resulting in improved antitumor activity and a wider therapeutic margin. The theory relies on the observation that the majority of tumors are deficient in the G1-DNA damage checkpoint pathway resulting in reliance on S and G2 checkpoints for DNA repair and cell survival. The S and G2 checkpoints are regulated by checkpoint kinase 1, a serine/threonine kinase that is activated in response to DNA damage; thus, inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 signaling impairs DNA repair and increases tumor cell death. Normal tissues, however, have a functioning G1 checkpoint signaling pathway allowing for DNA repair and cell survival. Here, we describe the preclinical profile of AZD7762, a potent ATP-competitive checkpoint kinase inhibitor in clinical trials. AZD7762 has been profiled extensively in vitro and in vivo in combination with DNA-damaging agents and has been shown to potentiate response in several different settings where inhibition of checkpoint kinase results in the abrogation of DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. Dose-dependent potentiation of antitumor activity, when AZD7762 is administered in combination with DNA-damaging agents, has been observed in multiple xenograft models with several DNA-damaging agents, further supporting the potential of checkpoint kinase inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and increase patient response rates in a variety of settings.
Pivotal role of CD38 biomarker in combination with CD24, EpCAM, and ALDH for identification of H460 derived lung cancer stem cells. (2011)

Lung cancer is the number one killer among all cancers and is estimated to kill over 170,000 individual in 2010 in the United States. However, little is understood about the role of tumor initiating cells in the lung cancer and whether these cells play a major role in initiation, drug resistance, and metastases of this disease. We have isolated lungospheres from tumors grown in mice and have critically examined proposed biomarkers of lung cancer stem cells such as ALDH, EpCAM, CD133/1, CD133/2, CD24, and CD38, using global gene expression, flow cytometric analysis, and quantitative real time PCR. We present evidences that the pattern of overexpression of ALDH and EpCAM, two widely discussed biomarkers of cancer stem cells, in the tumor generated by lung cancer stem cells in mice are different that could be an indicative of tumor aggressiveness. We propose, for the first time, that CD38 in combination with CD24 is a biomarkers for H460 derived lung cancer stem cells and could be used to elucidate the characteristics of these sub-population of cells. Our results demonstrate that the combination of CD24(Low/-)/CD38+ and overexpression of ALDH1 and EpCAM is the signature of enriched tumor initiating cells in H460 non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Our results propose H460-derived cancer stem cells as a well defined cell for future comprehensive analysis of putative lung cancer stem cells-like cells.
Selective interactions of transforming and normal abl proteins with ATP, tyrosine-copolymer substrates, and tyrphostins. (1992)

The transforming abl proteins p160gag-abl, p185bcr-abl, and p210bcr-abl and the normal protein p140c-abl have identical catalytic sites, but differ in their N-terminal domains. Previous studies have indicated that the transforming abl proteins possess higher tyrosine kinase activity than the normal abl proto-oncogene product. In the present study, we demonstrate that two transforming abl proteins, p210bcr-abl and p160gag-abl, exhibit a higher affinity toward ATP and synthetic tyrosine containing substrates than p140c-abl. Furthermore, protein tyrosine kinase blockers from the tyrphostin family can discriminate between normal abl and transforming abl proteins of both human and mouse origin. These results suggest that the transforming potency of the abl proteins may result from their higher affinities toward intracellular signal transducers and demonstrate for the first time that oncogene products can differ from their homologous proto-oncogene product in substrate specificity. The ability of tyrphostins to discriminate between normal and transforming abl proteins suggests that it may be possible to design specific abl kinase inhibitors to combat abl-associated human leukemias.