gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular chaperoning function of Ric-8 is to fold nascent heterotrimeric G protein α subunits (2013)

We have shown that resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (Ric-8) proteins regulate an early step of heterotrimeric G protein α (Gα) subunit biosynthesis. Here, mammalian and plant cell-free translation systems were used to study Ric-8A action during Gα subunit translation and protein folding. Gα translation rates and overall produced protein amounts were equivalent in mock and Ric-8A-immunodepleted rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). GDP-AlF4(-)-bound Gαi, Gαq, Gα13, and Gαs produced in mock-depleted RRL had characteristic resistance to limited trypsinolysis, showing that these G proteins were folded properly. Gαi, Gαq, and Gα13, but not Gαs produced from Ric-8A-depleted RRL were not protected from trypsinization and therefore not folded correctly. Addition of recombinant Ric-8A to the Ric-8A-depleted RRL enhanced GDP-AlF4(-)-bound Gα subunit trypsin protection. Dramatic results were obtained in wheat germ extract (WGE) that has no endogenous Ric-8 component. WGE-translated Gαq was gel filtered and found to be an aggregate. Ric-8A supplementation of WGE allowed production of Gαq that gel filtered as a ∼100 kDa Ric-8A:Gαq heterodimer. Addition of GTPγS to Ric-8A-supplemented WGE Gαq translation resulted in dissociation of the Ric-8A:Gαq heterodimer and production of functional Gαq-GTPγS monomer. Excess Gβγ supplementation of WGE did not support functional Gαq production. The molecular chaperoning function of Ric-8 is to participate in the folding of nascent G protein α subunits.
C-reactive protein binds to Fc γ RI in transfected COS cells (1995)

C-Reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase serum protein in man that binds to certain bacterial polysaccharides and to components exposed on damaged cells. CRP is bound by receptors on phagocytic cells and functions as an opsonin for its ligands. Interactions of CRP with a specific CRP receptor (CRP-R) and with the high affinity receptor for IgG, Fc gamma RI, on monocytic cells have previously been demonstrated. It was not possible to fully characterize CRP binding to Fc gamma RI in these studies, since cells and cell lines expressing Fc gamma RI also have the CRP-R. In the present study we examined the interaction of CRP with Fc gamma RI in COS-7 cells transfected with a cDNA encoding this receptor. Expression of Fc gamma RI and specific CRP binding to transfected cells were demonstrated by flow cytometry. By two-color analysis, the cell population binding CRP was the same as the population that bound the Fc gamma RI-specific mAb 10.1 and 32.2 CRP inhibited the binding of radiolabeled IgG1 and IgG4 by up to 60%. A CRP molecule that was mutated in the amino acid sequence homologous to the IgG sequence proposed to interact with Fc gamma RI failed to bind to transfected cells, but retained the ability to bind to the CRP-R on monocytic cells. These studies confirm the binding of CRP to Fc gamma RI and identify a site on CRP that is essential for this binding.
A Delayed Case of Fatal Atrioesophageal Fistula Following Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

We describe the case of a 61-year-old man with a fatal atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Esophageal injury was first noted on computed tomography (CT) scan 10 days following RFA. Fistulization occurred 41 days following the procedure. This is a delayed time course in comparison with published reports. The patient declined intervention and we have serial CT imaging documenting the natural progression from ulceration to fistula. Although the patient was on acid suppression, he received 2 courses of corticosteroids, which may have contributed to the progression of his esophageal ulcer.
Algorithm 97: Shortest path (1962)

procedure arithmetic (a, b, c, op); integer a, b, c, op; onlment This procedure will perform different order arithmetic operations with b and c, putting the result in a. The order of the operation is given by op. For op = 1 addition is performed. For op = 2 multiplicaLion, repeated addition, is done. Beyond these the operations are non-commutative. For op = 3 exponentiation, repeated multiplication, is done, raising b to the power c. Beyond these the question of grouping is important. The innermost implied parentheses are at the right. The hyper-exponent is always c. For op = 4 tetration, repeated exponentiation, is done. For op = 5, 6, 7, etc., the procedure performs pentation, hexation, heptation, etc., respectively. The routine was originally programmed in FORTRAN for the Control Data 160 desk-size computer. The original program was limited to tetration because subroutine recursiveness in Control Data 160 FORTRAN has been held down to four levels in the interests of economy.
No difference in the effect of biperiden and amantadine on parkinsonian- and tardive dyskinesia-type involuntary movements: a double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study in medicated chronic schizophrenic patients. (1995)

Amantadine and biperiden have similar effects on neuroleptic-induced EPS and TD and may ameliorate mild TD.
Zoned Out: Functional Mapping of Stromal Signaling Microenvironments in the Thymus (2007)

All hematopoietic cells, including T lymphocytes, originate from stem cells that reside in the bone marrow. Most hematopoietic lineages also mature in the bone marrow, but in this respect, T lymphocytes differ. Under normal circumstances, most T lymphocytes are produced in the thymus from marrow-derived progenitors that circulate in the blood. Cells that home to the thymus from the marrow possess the potential to generate multiple T and non-T lineages. However, there is little evidence to suggest that, once inside the thymus, they give rise to anything other than T cells. Thus, signals unique to the thymic microenvironment compel multipotent progenitors to commit to the T lineage, at the expense of other potential lineages. Summarizing what is known about the signals the thymus delivers to uncommitted progenitors, or to immature T-committed progenitors, to produce functional T cells is the focus of this review.
Age and Relative Adiposity Are Specific Negative Determinants of the Frequency and Amplitude of Growth Hormone (GH) Secretory Bursts and the Half-Life of Endogenous GH in Healthy Men* (1991)

Mean plasma GH concentrations are controlled by the frequency, amplitude, and duration of underlying GH secretory bursts as well as by the half-life of endogenous GH. We investigated the specific mechanisms that subserve the clinically recognized negative effects of age and adiposity on mean serum GH concentrations. To this end, 21 healthy men, aged 21-71 yr, who were of nearly normal body weight underwent blood sampling at 10-min intervals for 24 h. Deconvolution analysis was used to estimate specific features of GH secretion and clearance. Compared to younger men, the older tertile of men had significant reductions in 1) GH secretory burst frequency, 2) the half-life of endogenous GH, and 3) the daily GH secretory rate, but not 4) GH secretory burst half-duration, amplitude, or mass. Linear regression analysis disclosed that age was a major negative statistical determinant of GH secretory burst frequency (r = -0.80; P = 0.005) and endogenous GH half-life (r = -0.70; P = 0.024). Body mass index, an indicator of relative obesity, was a significant negative correlate of GH half-life (P = 0.045) and GH secretory burst amplitude (P = 0.031). Age and body mass index each correlated negatively with the daily GH secretion rate (P = 0.0031 and P = 0.027, respectively), and together accounted for more than 60% of the variability in 24-h GH production rates (r = -0.78; P = 0.00056). On the average, for a normal body mass index, each decade of increasing age attenuated the GH production rate by 14% and the GH half-life by 6%. Conversely, each unit increase in body mass index, at a given age, reduced the daily GH secretion rate by 6%. We conclude that age and relative adiposity are distinct and specific correlates of individual attributes of GH secretion and clearance in men.
Survey of gene amplifications during prostate cancer progression by high-throughout fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. (1999)

Prostate cancer development and progression is driven by the accumulation of genetic changes, the nature of which remains incompletely understood To facilitate high-throughput analysis of molecular events taking place in primary, recurrent, and metastat prostate cancer, we constructed a tissue microarray containing small 0.6-mm cylindrical samples acquired from 371 formalin-fixed blocks, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 32) and primary tumors (n = 223), as well as both locally recurrent tumors (n = 54) and metastases (n = 62) from patients with hormone-refractory disease. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to the analysis of consecutive tissue microarray sections with probes for five different genes. High-level (> or =3X) amplifications were very rare (<2%) in primary prostate cancers However, in metastases from patients with hormone-refractory disease, amplification of the androgen receptor gene was seen in 22%, MYC in 11%, and Cyclin-D1 in 5% of the cases. In specimens from locally recurrent tumors, the corresponding percentages were 23, 4, and 8%. ERBB2 and NMYC amplifications were never detected at any stage of prostate cancer progression. In conclusion, FISH to tissue microarray sections enables high-throughput analysis of genetic alterations contributing to cancer development and progression. Our results implicate a role for amplification of androgen receptor in hormonal therapy failure and that of MYC in the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer.
A simple metalorganic route to organically passivated mercury telluride nanocrystals (2003)

Nanocrystalline HgE (E = S, Se, Te) particles are an important class of materials that may have applications in the opto-electronics industry, notably as potential replacements for rare-earth dopants in optical fibers or in opto-electronic modulators. Organometallic routes to nanoparticles can produce materials of a superior quality, but often require highly toxic precursors, such as metal alkyls. We report here, for the first time, a simple route to organically passivated HgTe nanoparticles, which avoids the use of compounds such as dimethylmercury. This method can be used to prepare a wide range of HgE nanomaterials.
The first evidence for unilamellar vesicle formation of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions (2013)

It was found for the first time that single tail ionic liquid (IL) surfactants, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromides [C(n)mim]Br (n = 10, 12, 14), form unilamellar vesicles in aqueous solutions without any additives. With the increase in IL concentrations, the self-assembly of these ILs can transfer from spherical micelles to rodlike micelles and then to vesicles.
Enteric Pathogens as Vaccine Vectors for Foreign Antigen Delivery (2004)

Live attenuated bacteria are attractive vaccine vectors that can elicit host immune responses to foreign antigens. Bacterial vectors may mimic natural infection and therefore interact with the mucosal, humoral, and cellular compartments of the immune system. A plethora of foreign (heterologous) antigens derived from bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic organisms have been expressed within bacterial vectors. Delivery of contraceptive and tumor antigens, cytokines, and adjuvants has also been explored. The result is a type of “vaccine factory” (29) in which the bacterial vector produces a foreign protein. Since bacterial vectors replicate within the host, it is hoped that they provide sustained exposure to the antigen, potentially augmenting the type and level of immune response. In addition, bacteria naturally possess immunostimulatory molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagella that can stimulate immune responses (56). Internationally, there are three live bacterial vaccines commercially available and in clinical use: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Ty21a, Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. These strains plus many other attenuated strains have been used as vectors to express heterologous antigens. Live bacterial vector vaccines have been evaluated in numerous animal and human studies, but there are currently no licensed live bacterial vector vaccines being used clinically. The most compelling rationales for the development of live bacterial vectors are the possibility of oral delivery and protection at mucosal surfaces. This review will cover attenuated bacterial enteric pathogens used as vectors to express foreign (heterologous) antigens, with emphasis on those that have reached clinical study, including Salmonella, Shigella, V. cholerae, and Listeria. This review will not cover bacterial vectors used to deliver DNA vaccines or subunit and conjugate vaccines.
Electrochemical Sensing of Nitric Oxide with Functionalized Graphene Electrodes (2013)

The intrinsic electrocatalytic properties of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) in nitric oxide (NO) sensing are determined by cyclic voltammetry with FGS monolayer electrodes. The degrees of reduction and defectiveness of the FGSs are varied by employing different heat treatments during their fabrication. FGSs with intermediate degrees of reduction and high Raman ID to IG peak ratios exhibit an NO oxidation peak potential of 794 mV (vs 1 M Ag/AgCl), closely matching values obtained with a platinized Pt control (791 mV) as well as recent results from the literature on porous or biofunctionalized electrodes. We show that the peak potential obtained with FGS electrodes can be further reduced to 764 mV by incorporation of electrode porosity using a drop-casting approach, indicating a stronger apparent electrocatalytic effect on porous FGS electrodes as compared to platinized Pt. Taking into consideration effects of electrode morphology, we thereby demonstrate that FGSs are intrinsically as catalytic toward NO oxidation as platinum. The lowered peak potential of porous FGS electrodes is accompanied by a significant increase in peak current, which we attribute either to pore depletion effects or an amplification effect due to subsequent electrooxidation reactions. Our results suggest that the development of sensor electrodes with higher sensitivity and lower detection limits should be feasible with FGSs.
Strain-dependent variation in the NADH-dependent diacetyl reductase activities of larger- and alebrewing yeasts. (1996)

Significant differences were observed in the zymogram patterns of NAD(+)-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase and acetoin dehydrogenase activity in seven strains of brewer's yeast examined by non-denaturing PAGE. Bottom-fermenting (lager) strains contained quite different activity bands of acetoin dehydrogenase activity compared with top-fermenting (ale) strains. These differences were confirmed when cell-free extracts of ale yeasts were heated at 55 degrees C. This destroyed most of the diacetyl reductase activity, while leaving acetaldehyde reductase and other reductase activities unaffected. In contrast, heating cell-free extracts of lager yeasts at 55 degrees C inactivated diacetyl reductase activity and the other reductase activities at the same rate, and more slowly than with ale strains. Similar distinctions between the two types of yeast could be made by examining the effect of heat on the ratio (activity of the various substrates with NADH as electron donor)/(activity with reduced acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide as electron donor). The data show that the acetoin dehydrogenase/diacetyl reductase enzyme present in ale-yeast strains differs in mobility and heat-stability from that of larger strains, and that both can be distinguished from the major alcohol dehydrogenase activity bands.
Cardiotoxic Properties of Cocaine: Studies With Positron Emission Tomography (1996)

This study documented marked accumulation of cocaine in the human and baboon heart, which was not inhibited by desipramine pretreatment. However, cocaine inhibited 6-[18F]fluoronorepinephrine uptake in heart to the same degree as did desipramine (Fowler et al. 1994). Since uptake of [18F]norepinephrine in the heart is a function of its uptake by the NE transporter (Fowler et al. 1994), its inhibition by cocaine corroborates in vivo a significant interaction of cocaine with this transporter.
PVT-and-aging adaptive wordline boosting for 8T SRAM power reduction (2010)

8T SRAM cell (Fig. 19.6.1) is commonly used in single-VCC microprocessor core for its performance critical low-level caches and multi-ported register-file arrays [1]. 8T cell offers fast read (RD) and write (WR), dual-port capability, and generally lower minimum V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cc</inf> (or V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> ) than the 6T cell. By using a decoupled single-ended RD port with domino-style hierarchical RD bit-line, 8T cell features fast RD evaluation path without causing access disturbance that limits RD V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> in the 6T cell. Using the 8T cell in a half-select-free architecture eliminates pseudo-reads during partial writes, hence enabling WR V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> optimization independent of RD.
Associations between the Two Serum Proteins Haptoglobin and Transferrin and Leukaemia (1988)

Haptoglobin and transferrin (TF) types were determined for 134 patients with leukaemia of the four most common types: acute lymphocytic (ALL), chronic lymphocytic (CLL), acute myelocytic (AML) and chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML). The phenotype HP1 was found to have an increased incidence in the total patient group due to an increased incidence in those with AML, ALL and CML compared with controls, but not in those with CLL. Although tests of association applied to each of the samples of the four common types of leukaemia produced no significant chi 2 values, they did indicate that the relative incidence (RI) was just under 2 for the groupings of the acute forms ALL and AML, the myelocytic forms AML and CML and for the combination of ALL, AML and CML, respectively. All these associations were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Analysis of TF subtypes and leukaemia indicated a significantly increased frequency of TF C1C1 among leukaemia patients compared with controls (p less than 0.005). Analysis of the samples of each of the four common types suggested that while the RI was raised in all but ALL patients, the association was significant only in AML patients (p less than 0.05). However, when the two myelocytic types were combined the RI was 2.3 and the association was highly significant (p less than 0.005). No such association could be detected in the lymphocytic forms.
Chemical tags: Applications in live cell fluorescence imaging (2011)

Technologies to visualize cellular structures and dynamics enable cell biologists to gain insight into complex biological processes. Currently, fluorescent proteins are used routinely to investigate the behavior of proteins in live cells. Chemical biology techniques for selective labeling of proteins with fluorescent labels have become an attractive alternative to fluorescent protein labeling. In the last ten years the progress in the development of chemical tagging methods have been substantial offering a broad palette of applications for live cell fluorescent microscopy. Several methods for protein labeling have been established, using protein tags, peptide tags and enzyme mediated tagging. This review focuses on the different strategies to achieve the attachment of fluorophores to proteins in live cells and cast light on the advantages and disadvantages of each individual method. Selected experiments in which chemical tags have been successfully applied to live cell imaging will be discussed and evaluated.
Imaging of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Signal-Transduction (2004)

The development of techniques that enable the characterization of critical parameters of pancreatic βcell function in a non-invasive manner is of immense value in diabetes research. These techniques will not only allow a better understanding of βcell physiology and dysfunction, but will be of practical help in the evaluation of islet material used for transplantation into type 1 diabetic patients. In the present review we discuss approaches, e.g. probes and microscopy / digital imaging techniques, which are used to evaluate parameters reflecting the βcells potential to convert the blood glucose concentration signal into an appropriate secretory response of insulin. These parameters include measurements of changes in the concentration of ATP, the formation of NAD(P)H, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm, changes in cytoplasmic pH, as well as changes in cytoplasmic free [Ca2+]. Moreover, we present techniques that permit online monitoring of gene expression in living βcells and online detection of apoptosis of these cells. Finally, we discuss strategies that will allow the anal ysis of βcell stimulus-secretion coupling under in vivo conditions. This includes monitoring of βcell function in their natural setting, i.e. the pancreas, as well as the analysis of βcells within grafts following transplantation. Keywords: Pancreatic Beta-Cell Signal-Transduction, transplantation, cytoplasmic
Surface Initiated Polymerization on Pulsed Plasma Deposited Polyallylamine: A Polymer Substrate‐Independent Strategy to Soft Surfaces with Polymer Brushes (2011)

The deposition of polyallylamine (PAA) adlayers by pulsed plasma polymerization on various types of polymeric substrates has been explored as a general route to amino functionalized polymeric surfaces. These amino groups are highly suitable for anchoring an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator via a robust amide linkage. Subsequent surface initiated ATRP (SI-ATRP) of monomethoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MeOEGMA) resulted in polyMeOEGMA brush grafted polymer surfaces. This combined strategy of pulsed plasma polymerization with SI-ATRP was demonstrated for five different polymeric substrates namely polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Analysis of brush layers by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) fully corroborated the success of the proposed strategy for all substrate types.