gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Is Required for Rapid Experience-Dependent Regulation of the Potassium Channel Kv3.1b (2010)

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates synaptic plasticity by repressing translation of specific mRNAs. We found that FMRP binds mRNA encoding the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.1b in brainstem synaptosomes. To explore the regulation of Kv3.1b by FMRP, we investigated Kv3.1b immunoreactivity and potassium currents in the auditory brainstem sound localization circuit of male mice. The unique features of this circuit allowed us to control neuronal activity in vivo by exposing animals to high-frequency, amplitude-modulated stimuli, which elicit predictable and stereotyped patterns of input to the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). In wild-type (WT) animals, Kv3.1b is expressed along a tonotopic gradient in the MNTB, with highest levels in neurons at the medial, high-frequency end. At baseline, Fmr1(-/-) mice, which lack FMRP, displayed dramatically flattened tonotopicity in Kv3.1b immunoreactivity and K(+) currents relative to WT controls. Moreover, after 30 min of acoustic stimulation, levels of Kv3.1b immunoreactivity were significantly elevated in both the MNTB and AVCN of WT, but not Fmr1(-/-), mice. These results suggest that FMRP is necessary for maintenance of the gradient in Kv3.1b protein levels across the tonotopic axis of the MNTB, and are consistent with a role for FMRP as a repressor of protein translation. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that Kv3.1b tonotopicity may be required for accurate encoding of stimulus features such as modulation rate, and that disruption of this gradient, as occurs in Fmr1(-/-) animals, degrades processing of this information.
Cigarette Smoking, N -Acetyltransferase Genes and the Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenoma (2006)

Our study indicated that NAT2 gene variants associated with a slow acetylator phenotype were more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoking with respect to adenoma risk, providing leads for disease prevention.
The flora of the former Łęczyca iron ore dumps (2009)

The flora of the former Łęczyca iron ore dumps Iron ore mines of the Łęczyca region started operating in the sixties and seventies of the 20 th century and brought about considerable changes in the agricultural landscape of the town of Łęczyca and its vicinity. As a result of the ore exploitation, rock dumps as well as local depressions were created there. The subject of the present research was flora occurring in areas transformed by iron ore mining in the Łęczyca region. The flora is of spontaneous and anthropogenic (as a result of planting - reclamation) character. The results of the conducted research indicate that areas transformed by mining significantly increase their biological diversity.
3-tert-Butyl-7,7-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[3,4-b]quinolin-5-one and 2,8,8-trimethyl-5-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[2,3-a]quinolin-6-one: chains generated by C—H...N hydrogen bonds (2004)

In both 3-tert-butyl-7,7-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[3,4-b]quinolin-5-one, C22H25N3O, (I), and 2,8,8-trimethyl-5-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[2,3-a]quinolin-6-one, C19H19N3O, (II), the heterobicyclic portions of the molecules are planar, with naphthalene-type delocalization in (II), while the carbocyclic ring in each compound adopts an envelope conformation. In both (I) and (II), the molecules are linked weakly into chains by a single C-H...N hydrogen bond.
Photochemical cross-linking of histones to DNA in nucleosomes (1978)

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cross-linking was utilized in order to identify histone-DNA interacting regions in the chromatin repeating unit. Fractionated mononucleosomes which contained 185 base pairs of DNA and a full complement of the histones, including histone H1, were irradiated with light of lambda greater than 290nm in the presence of a photosensitizer. Equimolar amounts of histones H2A and H2B were found, by two independent labeling experiments, to be cross-linked to the DNA. Based on previous finding that the UV irradiation specifically cross-links residues which are in close proximity, irrespective of the nature of the amino acid side chain or the nucleotide involved, our results indicate that the four core histones are not positioned equivalently with respect to the DNA. This arrangement allows histones H2A and H2B to preferentially cross-link to the DNA. A water soluble covalent complex of DNA and histones was isolated. This complex was partially resistant to mild nuclease digestion, it exhibited a CD spectrum similar to that of chromatin, and was found to contain histone H1. These results are compatible with a model which suggests that histone H1, though anchored to the linker, is bound to the DNA at additional sites. By doing so it spans the whole length of the nucleosome and clamps together the DNA fold around the histone core.
High Surface Area Nafion Resin/Silica Nanocomposites:  A New Class of Solid Acid Catalyst (1996)

Nafion resin, a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer, has been used as a heterogeneous strong acid catalyst for a range of reactions; however, in nonpolar solvents or for gas phase reactions the activity is limited due to the extremely low surface area of the polymer beads (<0.02 m2 g-1). In this paper we describe a novel nanocomposite of Nafion resin, in which small (20−60 nm diameter) Nafion resin particles are entrapped within a porous silica network. This material combines the excellent solid acid catalyst properties of Nafion resin with the desirable porous support characteristics of silica. BET surface area is typically in the range of 150−500 m2 g-1 for the composite. Assuming the Nafion resin particles are dense spheres we estimate the effective surface area of the Nafion resin alone to be in the range of 153 (20 nm spheres) to 50 (60 nm spheres) m2 g-1. This new material has been developed using an in situ sol−gel technique wherein solutions of Nafion resin are mixed with soluble silicon sources to form a gel, which is dried to a clear hard glass-like material. These new porous nanocomposites offer the potential for significantly enhanced activity due to the increased accessibility of the Nafion resin-based acid sites. We show examples of catalytic reactions in which the activity per unit weight of Nafion resin has been found to be at least 100 times higher in the composite than the pure polymer.
Catalytic upgrading of lactic acid to fuels and chemicals by dehydration/hydrogenation and C–C coupling reactions (2009)

Aqueous solutions of lactic acid can be catalytically processed over Pt(0.1%)/Nb2O5 into a spontaneously-separating organic layer that can serve as source of valuable chemicals (propanoic acid and C4–C7 ketones) and/or can be used to produce high energy-density liquid fuels (C4–C7 alcohols). The niobia support plays a key role in the synthesis by catalyzing dehydration and C–C coupling reactions.
Control of insecticide resistance in a field population of houseflies, Musca domestica, by releasing susceptible flies (1987)

Summary Susceptible houseflies, Musca domestica , were released at a waste disposal site to control insecticide resistance in a field housefly population. In the first experiment, a total of 163,000 pupae of the susceptible Takatsuki strain were released in October–November 1977. LD 50 values to fenitrothion and diazinon decreased to about one‐sixth in April 1978, five months after the releases, of those before the releases. For the second experiment, a susceptible colony was derived by cross and backcross between a white‐eyed substrain of the Takatsuki and a field colony. This susceptible colony consisted of whiteeyed flies with low activity and normal‐eyed flies bearing no or one white eye gene. The results of large cage experiments suggested that the normal‐eyed males of the susceptible colony had half the mating competitiveness of wild males. Approximately 31,000–46,000 susceptible pupae were used in each of five releases from October to November 1980. The population number of each sex, estimated by a mark‐release‐recapture method, increased from 12,000 in late September to 35,000–43,000 in middle November and then decreased to 5,000–8,000 in early December. The frequency of field‐collected males bearing one white eye gene and those bearing one male determining factor, which were characteristics of the susceptible colony released, increased gradually during the period of releases. The susceptibility of the field population to fenitrothion and diazinon was examined five times in the period from September to December 1980. With time, the dosage‐mortality regression gradually shifted towards that of the susceptible colony after starting the releases. LD 50 values to fenitrothion and diazinon decreased to about one‐sixth and one‐fifth, respectively, in June 1981, six months after the second series of susceptible fly releases, of those before the releases. Ratios of the wild flies to the released fiies were estimated to be between 4.7∶1 and 9.8∶1 in males and between 3.0∶1 and 3.9∶1 in females by taking the quality of the released colony and the population parameters of the field houseflies into consideration. Under several assumptions, the manner of resistant phenotype reduction was discussed, based on the dosage‐mortality regressions and the ratios of released flies. These results showed that the releases of susceptible flies were successful in suppression of insecticide resistance in the field housefly population.
Fabrication methods and applications of microstructured gallium based liquid metal alloys (2016)

This review contains a comparative study of reported fabrication techniques of gallium based liquid metal alloys embedded in elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane or other rubbers as well as the primary challenges associated with their use. The eutectic gallium–indium binary alloy (EGaIn) and gallium–indium–tin ternary alloy (galinstan) are the most common non-toxic liquid metals in use today. Due to their deformability, non-toxicity and superior electrical conductivity, these alloys have become very popular among researchers for flexible and reconfigurable electronics applications. All the available manufacturing techniques have been grouped into four major classes. Among them, casting by needle injection is the most widely used technique as it is capable of producing features as small as 150 nm width by high-pressure infiltration. One particular fabrication challenge with gallium based liquid metals is that an oxide skin is rapidly formed on the entire exposed surface. This oxide skin increases wettability on many surfaces, which is excellent for keeping patterned metal in position, but is a drawback in applications like reconfigurable circuits, where the position of liquid metal needs to be altered and controlled accurately. The major challenges involved in many applications of liquid metal alloys have also been discussed thoroughly in this article.
Growth Characteristics, Bile Sensitivity, and Freeze Damage in Colonial Variants of Lactobacillus acidophilus (1981)

Rough (R) and smooth (S) colonial variants were isolated from a heterogeneous culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus RL8K. R and S types were stable upon repeated transfer on agar, but revertant colonies did appear after broth transfers. When propagated in commercial MRS broth, R and S cultures showed similar growth characteristics, and both cell types were insensitive to freezing and frozen storage at -20 degrees C. Alternatively, during growth in scratch MRS broth, R cultures shifted to a reduced rate of growth during the late logarithmic phase. R cells grown under these conditions were susceptible to death by freezing and injury at -20 degrees C. Microscopically, R cells were observed as long gram-positive rods with small nonstainable blebs protruding from the cell wall. In bile sensitivity studies of R and S cells plated on MRS agar plus oxgall, the S culture was resistant to 1% bile, whereas the R culture was sensitive to 0.6% bile. Differences in the bile resistance and freeze damage of R and S cells suggest that colonial and cellular morphologies are important considerations for the selection of Lactobacillus strains as dietary adjuncts and for the development of growth conditions for preparing frozen concentrated cultures from either cell type.
Preparation of Washed Platelet Suspensions From Human and Rodent Blood (2004)

Citrate is the preferred anticoagulant for blood collection, as EDTA damages platelets and heparin modifies their function (1). Citrate allows the rapid generation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), with a high yield of platelets; however, this method has certain disadvantages. In particular, the PRP preparation has a limited stability (no longer than 2 h) and contains plasma proteins, including enzymes. In addition, human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared from blood collected into trisodium citrate (3.8% w/v) has a depressed ionic calcium concentration, which can cause platelet aggregation and release of substances during centrifugation (2). To overcome these different problems, a centrifugation technique has been developed for the isolation and washing of platelets from human or rodent blood anticoagulated with acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD). The cells are resuspended in a physiological buffer under well-defined conditions, notably the presence of plasmatic ionic calcium concentrations (2 mM) and the absence of coagulation factors or other plasma components.
Corrugated nanofiber tissue-engineered vascular graft to prevent kinking for arteriovenous shunts in an ovine model (2020)

Our novel corrugated nanofiber vascular graft displayed neotissue formation without kinking in large animal model.
(Acyloxy)alkyl carbamates as novel bioreversible prodrugs for amines: increased permeation through biological membranes (1988)

(Acyloxy)alkyl carbamates of the type R1R2N-CO-O-CHR3-OCO-R4 are described as novel bioreversible prodrugs for primary and secondary amines. These were prepared either by a one-step reaction involving nucleophilic attack on p-nitrophenyl alpha-(acyloxy)alkyl carbonates with displacement of p-nitrophenol or by reaction of alpha-haloalkyl carbamates with silver or mercury salts of carboxylic acids. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester bond in these ester carbamates leads to a cascade reaction resulting in rapid regeneration of the parent amine. Permeability measurements of such nonionic derivatives of atenolol, betaxolol, pindolol, propranolol, and timolol through fuzzy rat skin and rabbit cornea mounted on diffusion cells show that derivatization of the hydrophilic beta-blockers results in several-fold increase in permeation through these biological membranes. However, prodrug modification of the lipophilic beta-blockers leads to little advantage in permeability characteristics.
Interaction of the N- and C-terminal Domains of Vinculin (2001)

The vinculin head to tail intramolecular self-association controls its binding sites for other components of focal adhesions. To study this interaction, the head and tail domains were expressed, purified, and assayed for various characteristics of complex formation. Analytical centrifugation demonstrated a strong interaction in solution and formation of a complex more asymmetric than either of the individual domains. A survey of binding conditions using a solid-phase binding assay revealed characteristics of both electrostatic and hydrophobic forces involved in the binding. In addition, circular dichroism of the individual domains and the complex demonstrated that conformational changes likely occur in both domains during association. The interaction sites were more closely mapped on the protein sequence by deletion mutagenesis. Amino acids 181-226, a basic region within the acidic head domain, were identified as a binding site for the vinculin tail, and residues 1009-1066 were identified as sufficient for binding the head. Moreover, mutation of an acidic patch in the tail (residues 1013-1015) almost completely eliminated its ability to interact with the head domain further supporting the significance of ionic interactions in the binding. Our data indicate that the interaction between the head and tail domains of vinculin occurs through oppositely charged contact sites and results in conformational changes in both domains.
Formation of Amino Acid Specific Maillard Products and Their Contribution to Thermally Generated Aromas (1989)

In model experiments L-proline, hydroxyproline, cysteine and methionine were heated with monosaccharides for 1 - 1.5 h at 150 °C. Amino acid specific Maillard products were isolated from the extracts by preparative GC or HPLC and identified by MS-, IR-, 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopy. Proline derived components are important constituents in bread, malt and beer. More than 120 proline specific Maillard products were characterized. Cysteine and methionine derived components were predominant in roasted coffee and meat flavors. Thirty cysteine- and twenty methionine-specific Maillard products were identified for the first time.
Definition of Dendritic Cell Subpopulations Present in the Spleen, Peyer’s Patches, Lymph Nodes, and Skin of the Mouse (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC) that have an essential function in the development of immune responses against microbial pathogens and tumors. Although during the past few years our understanding of DC biology has remarkably increased, a precise characterization of the different DC subpopulations remains to be achieved with regard to their phenotype and lineage relationships. In this report, we have extensively studied the DC subpopulations present in the thymus, spleen, Peyer's patches, lymph nodes (LN) and skin of the mouse. Thymus DC and 60% spleen DC have a lymphoid DC phenotype, ie, CD8(+) DEC-205(high) Mac-1(low), whereas 40% spleen DC have a myeloid DC phenotype, ie, CD8(-) DEC-205(low) Mac-1(high). Both CD8(+) and CD8(-) DC are leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)high and highly adherent. Within Peyer's patches the majority of DC correspond to the CD8(+) DEC-205(high) Mac-1(low) lymphoid category. In the LN, together with CD8(+) and CD8(-) DC, an additional nonadherent CD8(int) LFA-1(int) subpopulation with lymphoid DC characteristics is described. Finally, in the skin both epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC are CD8(-)DEC-205(high) Mac-1 (high), and do not express LFA-1. Interestingly, LC migration experiments indicate that LC underwent the upregulation of CD8 and LFA-1 upon migration to the LN, supporting the hypothesis that LC belong to the CD8(+) lymphoid lineage.
Enrichment of low molecular weight fraction of serum for MS analysis of peptides associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

A challenging aspect of biomarker discovery in serum is the interference of abundant proteins with identification of disease-related proteins and peptides. This study describes enrichment of serum by denaturing ultrafiltration, which enables an efficient profiling and identification of peptides up to 5 kDa. We consistently detect several hundred peptide-peaks in MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF spectra of enriched serum. The sample preparation is fast and reproducible with an average CV for all 276 peaks in the MALDI-TOF spectrum of 11%. Compared to unenriched serum, the number of peaks in enriched spectra is 4 times higher at an S/N ratio of 5 and 20 times higher at an S/N ratio of 10. To demonstrate utility of the methods, we compared 20 enriched sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 20 age-matched controls using MALDI-TOF. The comparison of 332 peaks at p < 0.001 identified 45 differentially abundant peaks that classified HCC with 90% accuracy in this small pilot study. Direct TOF/TOF sequencing of the most abundant peptide matches with high probability des-Ala-fibrinopeptide A. This study shows that enrichment of the low molecular weight fraction of serum facilitates an efficient discovery of peptides that could serve as biomarkers for detection of HCC as well as other diseases.
Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. (2007)

Challenging the prevailing notion that generalized anxiety usually precedes depression and eventually develops into depression, these findings show that the reverse pattern occurs almost as often. The GAD-MDD relation is strong, suggesting that the disorders could be classified in 1 category of distress disorders. Their developmental relation seems more symmetrical than heretofore presumed, suggesting that MDD is not necessarily primary over GAD in diagnostic hierarchy. This prospective study suggests that the lifetime prevalence of GAD and MDD may be underestimated by retrospective surveys and that comorbid GAD + MDD constitutes a greater mental health burden than previously thought.
The Representation of Object Concepts in the Brain (2006)

Evidence from functional neuroimaging of the human brain indicates that information about salient properties of an object-such as what it looks like, how it moves, and how it is used-is stored in sensory and motor systems active when that information was acquired. As a result, object concepts belonging to different categories like animals and tools are represented in partially distinct, sensory- and motor property-based neural networks. This suggests that object concepts are not explicitly represented, but rather emerge from weighted activity within property-based brain regions. However, some property-based regions seem to show a categorical organization, thus providing evidence consistent with category-based, domain-specific formulations as well.
Replicated data in a distributed environment (1993)

ReplicarionServer isaforthcomingSybase product that dynamically maintains subsets of data in a distributed environment, providing several transaction models to maintain loose consistency. Replication Server is contrasted with existing products which provide locatwn-transparent reads and high-consistency coordinated commits Replication Server makes it possible to build systems that are much more robust in the face of system component failures.
Biologic properties of eugenol and zinc oxide-eugenol (1992)

Eugenol-containing dental materials are frequently used in clinical dentistry. When zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) is applied to a dentinal cavity, small quantities of eugenol diffuse through the dentin to the pulp. Low concentrations of eugenol exert anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic effects on the dental pulp. Thus use of ZOE temporary filling may facilitate pulpal healing; on the other hand, high eugenol concentrations are cytotoxic. Direct application of eugenol to pulp tissue may result in extensive tissue damage. The ability of ZOE-based endodontic sealers to influence periapical tissue healing is considered in view of eugenol's anti-inflammatory and toxic properties.
Management of Varicella Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (1989)

We describe the management of an exposure to varicella in a neonatal intensive care unit. Thirty-seven hospital staff members with negative histories of varicella were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to varicella zoster; all were seropositive. None were restricted from clinical duties, were given varicella-zoster immune globulin, or developed disease. Although only 1 of 38 cord serum samples from normal term infants was seronegative, 10 of 22 neonatal intensive care unit infants were seronegative. The high rate of seronegativity among these patients was related to chronological age older than 2 months and to multiple transfusions of packed red blood cells. This probably reflects natural catabolism of maternal antibody and loss of antibody in serum removed from these infants for diagnostic tests. Infants lacking antibody were given varicella-zoster immune globulin. Antibody levels following administration of varicella-zoster immune globulin were directly related to the dose administered.