gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional Difference in Susceptibility to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Rat Brain: Role of Microglia (2000)

Inflammation in the brain has been increasingly associated with the development of a number of neurological diseases. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia, the resident brain immune cells. Injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the hippocampus, cortex, or substantia nigra of adult rats produced neurodegeneration only in the substantia nigra. Although LPS appeared to impact upon mesencephalic neurons in general, an extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons was observed. Analysis of the abundance of microglia revealed that the substantia nigra had the highest density of microglia. When mixed neuron-glia cultures derived from the rat hippocampus, cortex, or mesencephalon were treated with LPS, mesencephalic cultures became sensitive to LPS at a concentration as low as 10 ng/ml and responded in a dose-dependent manner with the production of inflammatory factors and a loss of dopaminergic and other neurons. In contrast, hippocampal or cortical cultures remained insensitive to LPS treatment at concentrations as high as 10 microg/ml. Consistent with in vivo observations, mesencephalic cultures had fourfold to eightfold more microglia than cultures from other regions. The positive correlation between abundance of microglia and sensitivity to LPS-induced neurotoxicity was further supported by the observation that supplementation with enriched microglia derived from mesencephalon or cortex rendered LPS-insensitive cortical neuron-glia cultures sensitive to LPS-induced neurotoxicity. These data indicate that the region-specific differential susceptibility of neurons to LPS is attributable to differences in the number of microglia present within the system and may reflect levels of inflammation-related factors produced by these cells.
Synthesis of New Isoxazolylnaphthoquinones as Potential Trypanocidal and Antibacterial Agents (1999)

The synthesis of three new isoxazolylnaphthoquinones with an ethyl group on the isoxazole ring is reported.
Alcohol consumption, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia (2007)

In patients with mild cognitive impairment, up to 1 drink/day of alcohol or wine may decrease the rate of progression to dementia.
Effect of operational variables on the separation of proteins by capillary sodium dodecyl sulfate‐gel electrophoresis (1994)

Capillary sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, for fast and high-resolution separations of protein molecules based on their molecular masses was investigated, employing a polymeric sieving network of polyethylene oxide (PEO). A standard mixture of five proteins ranging from 14.2-66.0 kDa in molecular mass was used to evaluate the sieving matrix. A general migration velocity equation was derived for capillary SDS-gel electrophoresis of proteins and supported by the experimental data. This equation gives a better understanding of SDS-protein separations via capillary gel electrophoresis. Results are presented regarding the effects of different operational variables such as gel concentration, electric field strength, molecular mass, and temperature on the electrophoretic migration properties of the different size protein molecules.
Tendon and ligament: Development, repair and disease (2005)

Tendons and ligaments (T/L) are very similar fibrous tissues that respectively connect muscle to bone and bone to bone. They are comprised of fibroblasts that produce large amounts of extra-cellular matrix, resulting in a dense and hypocellular structure. The complex molecular organization of T/L, together with high water content, are responsible for their viscoelastic properties, hence insuring their mechanical function. We will first review recent work on tendon embryology and discuss ligament formation, which has been less documented. We will next summarize our current knowledge of T/L molecular architecture, alterations of which are a major cause for disease. We will finally focus on T/L repair after injury and on genetic diseases responsible for T/L defects.
Suppression of near- and far-end crosstalk by linear pre- and post-filtering (1992)

Full-duplex data communication over a multi-input/multi-output linear time-invariant channel is considered. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear equalizer is derived in the presence of both near- and far-end crosstalk and independent additive noise. The MMSE equalizer is completely specified in terms of the channel and crosstalk transfer functions by using a generalization of previous work due to Salz (1985). Conditions are given under which the equalizer can completely eliminate both near- and far-end crosstalk and intersymbol interference. The MMSE transmitter filter, subject to a transmitted power constraint, is specified when the channel and crosstalk transfer functions are bandlimited to the Nyquist frequency. Also considered is the design of MMSE transmitter and receiver filters when the data signals are arbitrary wide-sense stationary continuous or discrete-time signals, corresponding to the situation where the crosstalk is not phase-synchronous with the desired signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oligopeptide elicitor-mediated defense gene activation in cultured parsley cells. (1995)

We have used suspension-cultured parsley cells (Petroselinum crispum) and an oligopeptide elicitor derived from a surface glycoprotein of the phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea to study the signaling pathway from elicitor recognition to defense gene activation. Immediately after specific binding of the elicitor by a receptor in the plasma membrane, large and transient increases in several inorganic ion fluxes (Ca2+, H+, K+, Cl-) and H2O2 formation are the first detectable plant cell responses. These are rapidly followed by transient changes in the phosphorylation status of various proteins and by the activation of numerous defense-related genes, concomitant with the inactivation of several other, non-defense-related genes. A great diversity of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors appears to be involved in elicitor-mediated gene regulation, similar to the apparently complex nature of the signal transduced intracellularly. With few exceptions, all individual defense responses analyzed in fungus-infected parsley leaves have been found to be closely mimicked in elicitor-treated, cultured parsley cells, thus validating the use of the elicitor/cell culture system as a valuable model system for these types of study.
2-Hydroxy-4,6-diamino-[1,3,5]triazines: A Novel Class of VEGF-R2 (KDR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2004)

2-Hydroxy-4,6-diamino-[1,3,5]triazines are described which are a novel class of potent inhibitors of the VEGF-R2 (flk-1/KDR) tyrosine kinase. 4-(Benzothiazol-6-ylamino)-6-(benzyl-isopropyl-amino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ol (14d) exhibited low nanomolar potency in the in vitro enzyme inhibition assay (IC(50) = 18 nM) and submicromolar inhibitory activity in a KDR-induced MAP kinase autophosphorylation assay in HUVEC cells (IC(50) = 280 nM), and also demonstrated good in vitro selectivity against a panel of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Further, 14d showed antiangiogenic activity in an aortic ring explant assay by blocking endothelial outgrowths in rat aortas with an IC(50) of 1 microM.
Bicyclic and tricyclic analogs of anthramycin (1985)

As analogues of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotics, such as anthramycin and tomaymycin, several benzo[1,4]diazepine imines and carbinolamine ethers were prepared and tested in vivo against P388 leukemia. Two different synthetic approaches, namely, a reduction of an aromatic nitro group with a concomitant cyclization and a reduction of a lactam, were employed to generate an imine or a carbinolamine moiety. Bicyclic analogues 6a', 6f, and 6g were found to be active, indicating that the pyrroline ring of anthramycin is not an absolute necessity for the antitumor activity. Compound 6g, 3,4-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-propargyl-5H-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one, was at least as active as neothramycin although it was 5 times less potent. Among the tricyclic analogues, compounds 5, 7a, and 8b were active against P388 leukemia, and they generally appear to be more potent than bicyclic analogues.
Overexpression of the marA or soxS Regulatory Gene in Clinical Topoisomerase Mutants of Escherichia coli (1998)

The contribution of regulatory genes to fluoroquinolone resistance was studied with clinical Escherichia coli strains bearing mutations in gyrA and parC and with different levels of fluoroquinolone resistance. Expression of marA and soxS was evaluated by Northern blot analysis of isolates that demonstrated increased organic solvent tolerance, a phenotype that has been linked to overexpression of marA, soxS, and rob. Among 25 cyclohexane-tolerant strains detected by a screen for increased organic solvent tolerance (M. Oethinger, W. V. Kern, J. D. Goldman, and S. B. Levy, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41:111-114, 1998), we found 5 Mar mutants and 4 Sox mutants. A further Mar mutant was detected among 11 fluoroquinolone-resistant, cyclohexane-susceptible E. coli strains used as controls. Comparison of the marOR sequences of clinical Mar mutants with that of E. coli K-12 (GenBank accession no. M96235) revealed point mutations in marR in all mutants which correlated with loss of repressor function as detected in a marO::lacZ transcriptional assay. We found four other amino acid changes in MarR that did not lead to loss of function. Two of these changes, present in 20 of the 35 sequenced marOR fragments, identified a variant genotype of marOR. Isolates with the same gyrA and parC mutations showed increased fluoroquinolone resistance when the mutations were accompanied by overexpression of marA or soxS. These data support the hypothesis that high-level fluoroquinolone resistance involves mutations at several chromosomal loci, comprising structural and regulatory genes.
Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids—A Review of Their Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Management (2009)

The growing understanding of the molecular processes of normal and abnormal wound healing is promising for discovery of novel approaches for the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Although optimal treatment of these lesions remains undefined, successful healing can be achieved only with combined multidisciplinary therapeutic regimens.
Feature Fusion Encoder Decoder Network For Automatic Liver Lesion Segmentation (2019)

Liver lesion segmentation is a difficult yet critical task for medical image analysis. Recently, deep learning based image segmentation methods have achieved promising performance, which can be divided into three categories: 2D, 2.5D and 3D, based on the dimensionality of the models. However, 2.5D and 3D methods can have very high complexity and 2D methods may not perform satisfactorily. To obtain competitive performance with low complexity, in this paper, we propose a Feature-fusion Encoder-Decoder Network (FED-Net) based 2D segmentation model to tackle the challenging problem of liver lesion segmentation from CT images. Our feature fusion method is based on the attention mechanism, which fuses high-level features carrying semantic information with low-level features having image details. Additionally, to compensate for the information loss during the upsampling process, a dense upsampling convolution and a residual convolutional structure are proposed. We tested our method on the dataset of MICCAI 2017 Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTS) Challenge and achieved competitive results compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
Hydrogen peroxide does not function downstream of salicylic acid in the induction of PR protein expression (1995)

The roles of salicylic acid (SA) and H2O2 in the induction of PR proteins in tobacco have been examined. Studies were conducted on wild-type tobacco and plants engineered to express a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase capable of metabolizing SA to catechol (SH-L plants). Wild-type and PR-1a-GUS-transformed plants express PR-1a following challenge with Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae, SA or 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA). In contrast, SH-L plants failed to respond to SA but did express PR-1a following INA treatment. H2O2 and the irreversible catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) were found to be weak inducers of PR-1a expression (relative to SA) in wild-type tobacco but were unable to induce PR-1a in SH-L plants, suggesting that the action of these compounds depends upon the accumulation of SA. A model has been proposed suggesting that SA binds to and inhibits a catalase inducing an increase in H2O2 leading to PR protein expression. Catalase activity has been measured in tobacco and no significant changes in activity following infection with P. syringae pv. syringae were detected. Furthermore, inhibition of catalase activity in vitro in plant extracts requires pre-incubation and only occurs at SA concentrations above 250 microM. Leaf disks preincubated with 1 mM SA do accumulate SA to these levels and PR-1a is efficiently induced but there is no apparent inhibition of catalase activity. It is also shown that a SA-responsive gene, PR-1a, and a H2O2-sensitive gene, AoPR-1, are both relatively insensitive to 3-AT suggesting that induction of these genes is unlikely to be due entirely to inhibition of an endogenous catalase.
<title>Links between holography and lithography</title> (1995)

Holography as a science owes its success to the recording of interference patterns in a variety of recording materials. Many of these materials are also used in the companion science of precision lithography. This paper discusses two important areas of holography and lithography. Both make use of the novel imaging polymers of DuPont. We discuss here the manufacture of micro-diffusers for diverse optical applications and the creation of phase holograms by contact lithographic methods using silver image amplitude holograms. Such copying methods are essentially incoherent using broad band UV light and bridge the gap between holography and lithography.
Itch: scratching more than the surface (2003)

In origin, itch can be cutaneous ("pruritoceptive", e.g. dermatitis), neuropathic (e.g. multiple sclerosis), neurogenic (e.g. cholestasis), mixed (e.g. uraemia) or psychogenic. Although itch of cutaneous origin shares a common neural pathway with pain, the afferent C-fibres subserving this type of itch are a functionally distinct subset: they respond to histamine, acetylcholine and other pruritogens, but are insensitive to mechanical stimuli. Histamine is the main mediator for itch in insect bite reactions and in most forms of urticaria, and in these circumstances the itch responds well to H(1)-antihistamines. However, in most dermatoses and in systemic disease, low-sedative H(1)-antihistamines are ineffective. Opioid antagonists relieve itch caused by spinal opioids, cholestasis and, possibly, uraemia. Ondansetron relieves itch caused by spinal opioids (but not cholestasis and uraemia). Other drug treatments for itch include rifampicin, colestyramine and 17-alpha alkyl androgens (cholestasis), thalidomide (uraemia), cimetidine and corticosteroids (Hodgkin's lymphoma), paroxetine (paraneoplastic itch), aspirin and paroxetine (polycythaemia vera) and indometacin (some HIV+ patients). If the remedies specified fail, paroxetine and mirtazapine should be considered. Ultraviolet B therapy, particularly narrow-band UVB, may be superior to drug treatment for itch in uraemia.
The influence of dislocation density on electron mobility in InP films on Si (1991)

The average electron mobility and dislocation density have been measured as functions of the film thickness in InP films grown on Si substrates by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. In a region extending about 2 μm from the Si interface, the density of dislocations was found to be very high and clustering of dislocations was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The corresponding mobility was very small. Beyond 2 μm, clustering was not observed, the density of dislocations decreased, and the average mobility increased with increasing film thickness. Thus, the threading dislocations created by the large InP/Si lattice mismatch can significantly degrade the free carrier mobility of the InP film.
Hormone-responsive growth in vivo of a tissue culture cell line established from the MT-W9A rat mammary tumor. (1978)

In this report we describe the in vivo growth properties of a new cell line, designated MTW9/PL, that was established in culture from a parent MT-W9A hormone-responsive rat mammary tumor. The MTW9/PL cells are epithelial and grow in culture in medium supplemented with a wide variety of sera. When MTW9/PL cells were inoculated into host W/Fu rats, tumor formation occurred in normal females, estrogen-treated males, estrogen-treated ovariectomized females, and estrogen-treated castrated males. Only 0 to 30% tumor frequency occurred in ovariectomized females or castrated males, and on the average the tumors that formed in gonadectomized hosts were smaller than those formed in normal or estrogen-treated hosts. Both progesterone and testosterone were capable of promoting tumor formation in ovariectomized females. Hydrocortisone was inhibitory to estrogen-promoted growth. Supraphysiological levels of estrogen inhibit tumor formation by MTW9/PL cells in normal intact females. Evidence suggests that elevated estrogens are not simply cytotoxic for MTW9/PL cells but that instead an ovariandirected inhibitor function may be important. The MTW9/PL cells retain the dual requirement for physiological levels of estrogens and prolactin for optimal tumor formation in W/Fu females as well as a requirement for physiological levels of thyroid hormones. Chromosomal analysis of MTW9/PL cells growing in culture reveals a modal chromosome number of 62. Overall, when the hormone-responsive tumor-forming properties of MTW9/PL cells were compared to those of the original MT-W9A tumor, no less than 11 hormone-related properties of the parent tumor and the cell line were identical. After 2 years in culture, the MTW9/PL cells still retain the major hormone-responsive growth characteristics of carcinogeninduced rat mammary tumors and normal rat mammary tissue.
Characterization of the Novel and Specific PI3Kα Inhibitor NVP-BYL719 and Development of the Patient Stratification Strategy for Clinical Trials (2014)

Somatic PIK3CA mutations are frequently found in solid tumors, raising the hypothesis that selective inhibition of PI3Kα may have robust efficacy in PIK3CA-mutant cancers while sparing patients the side-effects associated with broader inhibition of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. Here, we report the biologic properties of the 2-aminothiazole derivative NVP-BYL719, a selective inhibitor of PI3Kα and its most common oncogenic mutant forms. The compound selectivity combined with excellent drug-like properties translates to dose- and time-dependent inhibition of PI3Kα signaling in vivo, resulting in robust therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in PIK3CA-dependent tumors. Novel targeted therapeutics such as NVP-BYL719, designed to modulate aberrant functions elicited by cancer-specific genetic alterations upon which the disease depends, require well-defined patient stratification strategies in order to maximize their therapeutic impact and benefit for the patients. Here, we also describe the application of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia as a preclinical platform to refine the patient stratification strategy for NVP-BYL719 and found that PIK3CA mutation was the foremost positive predictor of sensitivity while revealing additional positive and negative associations such as PIK3CA amplification and PTEN mutation, respectively. These patient selection determinants are being assayed in the ongoing NVP-BYL719 clinical trials.
Outside-In Signal Transmission by Conformational Changes in Integrin Mac-1 (2009)

Intracellular signals associated with or triggered by integrin ligation can control cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Despite accumulating evidence that conformational changes regulate integrin affinity to its ligands, how integrin structure regulates signal transmission from the outside to the inside of the cell remains elusive. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we addressed whether conformational changes in integrin Mac-1 are sufficient to transmit outside-in signals in human neutrophils. Mac-1 conformational activation induced by ligand occupancy or activating Ab binding, but not integrin clustering, triggered similar patterns of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including Akt phosphorylation, and inhibited spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis, indicating that global conformational changes are critical for Mac-1-dependent outside-in signal transduction. In neutrophils and myeloid K562 cells, ligand ICAM-1 or activating Ab binding promoted switchblade-like extension of the Mac-1 extracellular domain and separation of the alpha(M) and beta(2) subunit cytoplasmic tails, two structural hallmarks of integrin activation. These data suggest the primacy of global conformational changes in the generation of Mac-1 outside-in signals.
A Study of the Modern Language Aptitude Test for Predicting Learning Success and Advising Students. (1994)

The Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) was part of a project examining biographical, motivational, attitudinal, personality, and cognitive aptitude variables in 1,000 adult students preparing at the Foreign Service Institute for overseas assignments, with various subsamples completing different instruments. Data were analyzed using correlation, ANOVA, chi-square, and mulitple regression as appropriate to the data and research questions. The MLAT proved the best of the available predictors of language learning success. As part of an effort to expand the concept of language learning aptitude beyond the strictly cognitive, this study related the MLAT not only to end-of-training proficiency outcomes, but also to personality disposition, using both overall correlational data and information on extremely strong and weak learners. The MLAT has been found about equivalent in its current predictive power (based on correlation) to the time it was developed. In addition, it was found to be especially powerful at the extremes of performance as measured by speaking proficiency. Links between high MLAT scores and various other individual characteristics, including personality variables, emerged. Qualitative findings from use of MLAT part scores in student counseling also suggest utility for this well-established instrument beyond prediction of learning success. (Contains 45 references.) (Author/MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Del hacer al decir: sobre la temporalidad en el paciente alexitímico (2010)

Resume L’interet pour la question de la temporalite est ancien en psychopathologie. Le temps subjectif est une construction eminemment individuelle, qui touche a l’intime du vecu d’un sujet et est profondement modifiee lors de troubles psychiatriques. Le concept d’alexithymie initialement reconnu dans le champ psychosomatique avant de prendre une dimension transnosographique implique des modalites singulieres d’etre au monde. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’explorer les particularites de la relation habituelle au monde des patients alexithymiques du point de vue de la temporalite, et de decrire ce qui a notre sens peut en etre mobilise lors d’un suivi en psychotherapie de relaxation.