gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-Methyladenine: Specific inhibitor of autophagic/lysosomal protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes (1982)

3-Methyladenine (5 mM) inhibits endogenous protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes by about 60%, while having no adverse effect on the degradation of an exogenous protein (asialofetuin), on protein synthesis, or on intracellular ATP levels. 3-Methyladenine appears to act specifically upon the autophagic/lysosomal pathway of degradation, as judged from its lack of effect in the presence of amino acids or a lysosomotropic amine (propylamine). The effect of the purine is not mediated by amino acids because the inhibition of protein degradation is accompanied by a significant depression of intracellular amino acid levels. The ability of 3-methyladenine to suppress the formation of electron microscopically visible autophagosomes suggests that it may be regarded as a specific inhibitor of autophagy.
Neuroprotective Effect of Felbamate After Kainic Acid‐Induced Status Epilepticus (1993)

Felbamate (FBM), a newly developed antiepileptic drug (AED), was previously shown to offer some neuroprotective effects against hypoxic injury in both in vivo and in vitro studies. We administered FBM (100 or 300 mg/kg) to 30-day-old rats 1 h after they received a convulsant dosage of kainic acid (KA). Animals were then tested at age 80 days in the water maze, open field, and handling tests. Seizure latency was then tested by flurothyl inhalation. Animals that received 300 mg/kg FBM performed better in all three tests and had longer latencies to flurothyl-induced seizures than did animals that received vehicle. This study suggests that FBM may have some neuroprotective effects after KA-induced status epilepticus (SE).
Determination of Cardiac Output With Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography (2004)

CO can reliably be determined from MSCT by means of indicator dilution technique. Measurements are reproducible and provide valuable information on the overall cardiovascular performance without application of additional contrast material or radiation. As this technique does not require time-consuming postprocessing it can be added to routine reporting.
Highly Efficient Construction of Benzene Ring in Carbazoles by Palladium-Catalyzedendo-Mode Oxidative Cyclization of 3-(3‘-Alkenyl)indoles (2006)

[reaction: see text] A highly efficient construction of the benzene ring in carbazoles by palladium-catalyzed endo-mode oxidative cyclization of 3-(3'-alkenyl)indoles was developed. The reaction utilizes benzoquinone as the stoichiometric oxidant and is conducted under mild conditions.
Modular Peptide Synthetases Involved in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModular Peptide Synthetases Involved in Nonribosomal Peptide SynthesisMohamed A. Marahiel, Torsten Stachelhaus, and Henning D. MootzView Author Information Biochemie/Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, GermanyCite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 7, 2651–2674Publication Date (Web):November 10, 1997Publication History Received24 February 1997Revised16 June 1997Published online10 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960029ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960029eresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8944Altmetric-Citations897LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical specificity,Condensation,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A Wireless Network for Wide-Band Indoor Communications (1987)

We propose and analyze a wide-band indoor communication system that uses radio as the transmission medium either on a stand-alone basis or to supplement a hard-wired network for those situations where complete portability is desired. One principal impairment to such a system is intersymbol interference caused by frequencyselective fading. A novel media-access scheme is proposed which permits the use of resource sharing, wherein a small pool of time slots is effectively shared among all users to provide added protection against channel impairments on an as-needed basis. Our results show that the use of resource sharing and diversity provide excellent protection against intersymbol interference caused by frequency-selective fading with negligible impact on throughput. Furthermore, resource sharing plus diversity can permit significantly higher data rates without large queueing delays. For example, a wireless network with a 10 Mbit/s data rate in a 10 MHz bandwidth using four antennas at the base station has a less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> outage probability at a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> BER in buildings with less than 58 ns rms delay spread. A loading of 75 percent is permitted for a queueing delay of less than 20 packet transmission times all but 0.01 percent of the time.
Recent advances in designing an effective vaccine to prevent cytomegalovirus-associated clinical diseases (2013)

It is now well over a decade since the US Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences assigned the highest priority for a vaccine to prevent congenital human CMV infection, which was subsequently endorsed by the US National Vaccine Program Office. In spite of extensive efforts over many years, successful licensure of a CMV vaccine formulation remains elusive. While the understanding of immune regulation of CMV infection in healthy virus carriers and diseased patients has dramatically improved, traditional vaccine development programs have failed to exploit this knowledge. Until recently, most efforts have concentrated on designing vaccine formulations that block CMV infection through neutralizing antibodies. However, studies carried out in various disease settings, especially in transplant patients, have clearly emphasized the importance of cellular immunity and it is indeed encouraging to see that recent CMV vaccine development programs have started to incorporate this arm of the immune system. A number of new vaccine candidates have been found to be effective in preclinical studies, and are able to induce CMV-specific immune responses in clinical studies, although firm evidence for long-term efficacy is not yet available. For successful implementation of these vaccines in clinical settings, it will be important to demonstrate that the vaccine can induce effective levels of immunity for prevention of transmission of viral infection from mother to unborn baby and thus reduce CMV-related pathogenesis. For transplant recipients, vaccine strategies should be aimed at the induction of immunity that restricts viral reactivation and limits development of disease.
Advances in chip-scale atomic frequency references at NIST (2007)

Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances usually exhibit contrasts below 10% when interrogated with frequency modulated lasers. We discuss a relatively simple way to increase the resonance contrast to nearly 100% generating an additional light field through a nonlinear four-wave mixing interaction in the atomic vapor.<sup>1</sup> A similar method can also be used to create a beat signal at the CPT resonance frequency that can injection-lock a low-power microwave oscillator at 3.4 GHz directly to the atomic resonance.<sup>2</sup> This could lead to chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) with improved performance. Furthermore, we introduce a miniature microfabricated saturated absorption spectrometer<sup>3</sup> that produces a signal for locking a laser frequency to optical transitions in alkali atoms. The Rb absorption spectra are comparable to signals obtained with standard table-top setups, although the rubidium vapor cell has an interior volume of only 1 mm<sup>3</sup> and the volume of the entire spectrometer is around 0.1 cm<sup>3</sup>.
Progenitor Cells in the Pulmonary Circulation (2011)

The mechanisms involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells to replace aged or injured cells remains poorly understood, although differences in proliferative potential between the microvascular and macrovascular endothelium are well described. The presence of resident pulmonary vascular endothelial progenitor cells in rats and mice has been recently reported. These resident endothelial progenitor cells display clonal proliferative potential, restricted expression of cell surface molecules to those typical of lung endothelium, and in vivo vessel-forming ability upon transplantation into recipient animals. The rat pulmonary microvascular endothelium is enriched in resident progenitor cells, with the highest proliferative potential compared with the pulmonary macrovascular endothelium. Preliminary evidence suggests that resident endothelial progenitor cells are present in the human lung vasculature, but whether differences in enrichment of the progenitors in various pulmonary vascular beds exist remains to be determined.
Two-Domain DNA Strand Displacement (2010)

We investigate the computing power of a restricted class of DNA strand displacement structures: those that are made of double strands with nicks (interruptions) in the top strand. To preserve this structural invariant, we impose restrictions on the single strands they interact with: we consider only two-domain single strands consisting of one toehold domain and one recognition domain. We study fork and join signal-processing gates based on these structures, and we show that these systems are amenable to formalization and to mechanical verification.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Unsaturated Dibasic Acid Derivatives. IV (1965)

Reaction of maleic anhydride with monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, or monoisopropanolamine yielded N-β-oxyethylmaleamic acid, N-γ-oxypropylmaleamic acid, or N-β-oxyisopropylmaleamic acid, respectively. Dehydration of these maleamic acids with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, followed by esterification gave N-acetoxyethylmaleimide, N-acetoxypropylmaleimide, or Nacetoxyisopropylisomaleimide, respectively. Dehydration and cyclization of N-β-oxyethylmaleamic acid with a small amount of sulfuric acid gave N-β-oxyethylmaleimide. Similar dehydration and esterification of N, O-dimaleoylaminoethanol gave N-(methylmaleoyl)ethylmaleimide. All of the above products are new compounds. Maleimide derivative was synthesized as a monomer in order to obtain its polymer.
Synthesis, Reactions and Spectroscopy of 3-Benzoyl-6-phenylpyridazines of Expected Biological Activity (1999)

yielded 3-benzoyl-6-phenylpyridazine (2). Phenyl(6-phenyl-pyridazin-3-yl)methanol (3) has been obtained via NaBH 4 reduction of ketone 2. Reaction of 2 with hydroxylamine or its O-alkyl analogue has been found to yield 3-benzoyloxime-6-phenylpyridazine (4) and alkyloximes (5), respectively. Treatment of 4 with a mixture of acetic acid and sulfuric acid afforded ketone 2 again and not the rearranged products (6 or 7). Beckmann rearrangement has however been achieved for 3-benzoyl(O-ethyloxime)-6-phenylpyridazine (5a) and oxime 4 giving solely 3-carboxanilide-6-phenylpyridazine (6), 4-Benzoyloxime-3-phenyl-6-chloropyridazine (17) has been synthesized from the corresponding ketone 16.
Antiviral Activity Of Ribosome Inactivating Proteins In Medicine (2004)

Pokeweed antiviral protein and several other ribosome inactivating proteins are effective against a broad range of viruses. Recent results have shown that their enzymatic activity is not limited to depurination of the large rRNA, they can depurinate other nucleic acids, including viral RNAs. Antiviral activity of RIPs is summarized here in light of their novel activities and recent developments in the field.
An Updated Protocol for High Throughput Plant Tissue Sectioning (2017)

Quantification of the tissue and cellular structure of plant material is essential for the study of a variety of plant sciences applications. Currently, many methods for sectioning plant material are either low throughput or involve free-hand sectioning which requires a significant amount of practice. Here, we present an updated method to provide rapid and high-quality cross sections, primarily of root tissue but which can also be readily applied to other tissues such as leaves or stems. To increase the throughput of traditional agarose embedding and sectioning, custom designed 3D printed molds were utilized to embed 5-15 roots in a block for sectioning in a single cut. A single fluorescent stain in combination with laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to obtain high quality images of thick sections. The provided CAD files allow production of the embedding molds described here from a number of online 3D printing services. Although originally developed for roots, this method provides rapid, high quality cross sections of many plant tissue types, making it suitable for use in forward genetic screens for differences in specific cell structures or developmental changes. To demonstrate the utility of the technique, the two parent lines of the wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Chinese Spring × Paragon doubled haploid mapping population were phenotyped for root anatomical differences. Significant differences in adventitious cross section area, stele area, xylem, phloem, metaxylem, and cortical cell file count were found.
Internalization-Dependent and -Independent Requirements for Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Signaling via the Smad Pathway (2002)

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins signal through cell surface transmembrane serine/threonine protein kinases known as type I and type II receptors. The TGF-beta signal is extended through phosphorylation of receptor-associated Smad proteins by the type I receptor. Although numerous investigations have established the sequence of events in TGF-beta receptor (TGF-beta R) activation, none have examined the role of the endocytic pathway in initiation and/or maintenance of the signaling response. In this study we investigated whether TGF-beta R internalization modulates type I receptor activation, the formation of a functional receptor/Smad/SARA complex, Smad2/3 phosphorylation or nuclear translocation, and TGF-beta-dependent reporter gene activity. Our data provide evidence that, whereas type I receptor phosphorylation and association of SARA and Smad2 with the TGF-beta R complex take place independently of clathrin lattice formation, Smad2 or Smad3 activation and downstream signaling only occur after endocytic vesicle formation. Thus, TGF-beta R endocytosis is not simply a way to dampen the signaling response but instead is required to propagate signaling via the Smad pathway.
Evidence for a Bidirectional Relationship between Cytomegalovirus Replication and acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (2010)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are important complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a clear link. Multiple studies show that GVHD and its treatment put patients at risk for CMV replication. Data on CMV replication as a cause of GVHD, in contrast, are controversial. We analyzed the reciprocal association of CMV replication with acute GVHD (aGVHD) in 515 patients treated with allogeneic HSCT between 1993 and 2008. Cumulative incidences at day 100 were 17% for CMV replication, 68% for aGVHD grade I-IV, and 48% for GVHD grade II-IV. Multivariate time-dependent analyses revealed that the presence of GVHD increased the risk of CMV replication in a dose-dependent manner: hazard ratio (HR) for CMV replication for patients with aGVHD grade I was 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-2.21); HR for patients with aGVHD grade II-IV was 1.61 (95% CI 1.11-2.36, P-value for trend = .01). During phases of CMV replication, patients were at increased risk of developing aGVHD (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.30-3.65, P < .01). These data confirm that GVHD and its therapy can induce CMV replication. They further demonstrate the reciprocal novel finding that patients are at significantly increased risk of developing aGVHD during CMV replication.
Recombinant human IL-11 attenuates the inflammatory response through down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine release and nitric oxide production (1996)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating the anti-inflammatory activities of recombinant human (rh)IL-11, the ability of rhIL-11 to reduce serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12, and IFN-gamma in LPS-treated mice and to down-regulate macrophage function in culture was investigated. In a mouse model of endotoxemia, pretreatment with rhIL-11 blocked LPS-induced elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma serum levels, but had no effect on IL-12 p40, IL-6, or IL-10 serum levels. The effects of rhIL-11 on the production of inflammatory mediators in vivo may occur in part through direct interactions with macrophages. rhIL-11 pretreatment of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages resulted in greater than 60% inhibition of LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12 p40, and nitric oxide. The activity of rhIL-11 was not mediated through induction of IL-10, IL-6, or TGF-beta1. These results indicate that the ability of rhIL-11 to modulate the inflammatory response is not dependent on known anti-inflammatory cytokines and substantiate a role for this cytokine in the attenuation of inflammatory conditions.
A new molecular ordering in helical liquid crystals (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new molecular ordering in helical liquid crystalsJ. W. Goodby, M. A. Waugh, S. M. Stein, E. Chin, R. Pindak, and J. S. PatelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 21, 8119–8125Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00203a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00203a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations263LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NIPS 2016 Tutorial: Generative Adversarial Networks (2016)

This report summarizes the tutorial presented by the author at NIPS 2016 on generative adversarial networks (GANs). The tutorial describes: (1) Why generative modeling is a topic worth studying, (2) how generative models work, and how GANs compare to other generative models, (3) the details of how GANs work, (4) research frontiers in GANs, and (5) state-of-the-art image models that combine GANs with other methods. Finally, the tutorial contains three exercises for readers to complete, and the solutions to these exercises.
Quinomycin A targets Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer stem cells (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) appear to explain many aspects of the neoplastic evolution of tumors and likely account for enhanced therapeutic resistance following treatment. Dysregulated Notch signaling, which affects CSCs plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression. We have determined the ability of Quinomycin to inhibit CSCs and the Notch signaling pathway. Quinomycin treatment resulted in significant inhibition of proliferation and colony formation in pancreatic cancer cell lines, but not in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Moreover, Quinomycin affected pancreatosphere formation. The compound also decreased the expression of CSC marker proteins DCLK1, CD44, CD24 and EPCAM. In addition, flow cytometry studies demonstrated that Quinomycin reduced the number of DCLK1+ cells. Furthermore, levels of Notch 1-4 receptors, their ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1, DLL3, DLL4 and the downstream target protein Hes-1 were reduced. The γ-secretase complex proteins, Presenilin 1, Nicastrin, Pen2, and APH-1, required for Notch activation also exhibited decreased expression. Ectopic expression of the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) partially rescued the cells from Quinomycin mediated growth suppression. To determine the effect of Quinomycin on tumor growth in vivo, nude mice carrying tumor xenografts were administered Quinomycin intraperitoneally every day for 21 days. Treatment with the compound significantly inhibited tumor xenograft growth, coupled with significant reduction in the expression of CSC markers and Notch signaling proteins. Together, these data suggest that Quinomycin is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic cancer that targets the stem cells by inhibiting Notch signaling proteins.
Poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)-Modified SiO2 Nanoparticles for Water-Based Muds (2016)

We report the fabrication of poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) modified SiO2 (SiO2/PAMPS) nanoparticles as plugging agents in water-based muds (WBMs). SiO2/PAMPS nanoparticles were prepared by the copolymerization of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. These SiO2/PAMPS nanoparticles were found to exhibit excellent salt tolerance, thermal stability, and good compatibilities with polymeric additives commonly used in WBMs. The plugging capabilities of the nanoparticles were tested with filter cakes on a high-temperature, high-pressure filtration press. The results indicated that SiO2/PAMPS nanoparticles can effectively block the nanopores in filter cake. In addition, WBMs containing SiO2/PAMPS nanoparticles were found to exhibit excellent plugging properties both at ambient temperature and at 80 °C, demonstrating that these nanoparticles are promising plugging agents in WBMs for drilling in shale formations.