gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic restoration of telecommunication networks (2002)

The paper provides a set of guidelines to design and evaluate automatic restoration for telecommunication networks. The operation of a telecommunications network is defined to be in one of three modes: normal, abnormal and restorative. The paper emphasizes the coordinated performance of a network management system (NMS) and an automatic restoration system (RS). The NMS detects the abnormal mode, and the RS restores normal operating conditions. The paper defines and explains the necessary steps of real-time restoration, provides design and evaluation parameters for automatic restoration and presents the operational reliability considerations.
Safety Profile of Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Administered in Combination With Thrombolytic Therapy to Embolized Rabbits (2008)

In the embolism model, TLT administration did not affect the tPA-induced increase in hemorrhage incidence. TLT may be administered safely either alone or in combination with tPA because neither treatment affected hemorrhage incidence or volume. Our results support the study of TLT in combination with Alteplase in patients with stroke.
Kallikrein 6 Regulates Early CNS Demyelination in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Kallikrein 6 (Klk6) is a secreted serine protease that is elevated in active multiple sclerosis lesions and patient sera. To further evaluate the involvement of Klk6 in chronic progressive demyelinating disease, we determined its expression in the brain and spinal cord of SJL mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and assessed the effects of Klk6-neutralizing antibodies on disease progression. Klk6 RNA expression was elevated in the brain and spinal cord by 7 days postinfection (dpi). Thereafter, Klk6 expression persisted primarily in the spinal cord reaching a peak of fivefold over controls at mid-chronic stages (60 dpi-120 dpi). Significant elevations in Klk6 RNA were also induced in splenocytes stimulated with viral capsid proteins in vitro and in activated human acute monocytic leukemia cells. Klk6-neutralizing antibodies reduced TMEV-driven brain and spinal cord pathology and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses when examined at early chronic time points (40 dpi). Reductions in spinal cord pathology included a decrease in activated monocytes/microglia and reductions in the loss of myelin basic protein (MBP). By 180 dpi, pathology scores no longer differed between groups. These findings point to regulatory activities for Klk6 in the development and progression of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination that can be effectively targeted through the early chronic stages with neutralizing antibody.
Intraocular lens calculations in patients with corneal scarring and irregular astigmatism (2003)

Computerized scanning-slit videokeratography, which analyzes the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea, and the contact lens overrefraction method gave good estimations of corneal power in patients with irregular corneal astigmatism. This type of analysis may improve the accuracy of IOL calculation in patients with corneal pathology and irregular astigmatism.
Blastemal cells of nephroblastomatosis complex share an onco-developmental antigen with embryonic kidney and Wilms' tumor. An immunohistochemical study on polysialic acid distribution. (1988)

Previous investigations on polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM in human kidney have demonstrated its presence during nephrogenesis in embryonic kidney, absence in normal adult kidney, and reexpression in Wilms' tumor. These data showed that polysialic acid of NCAM is an onco-developmental antigen in human kidney and provided more direct evidence for the metanephric origin of Wilms' tumor. In the present study, five cases of Wilms' tumor associated with nephroblastomatosis complexes were immunohistochemically investigated with a monoclonal antibody for the presence of polysialic acid. Regardless of the type of nephroblastomatosis complex, ie, renal nodular blastema, simple tubular metanephric hamartoma, sclerosing metanephric hamartoma with adenoma, or incipient Wilms' tumor, immunoreactivity for polysialic acid was found in the blastemal cells, but was undetectable in all other structural elements. Because only blastemal cells exhibited a characteristic feature of embryonal differentiating metanephric derivatives, it appears that Wilms' tumor has its origin not exclusively in nodular renal blastema but rather in blastemal cells present in the various forms of nephroblastomatosis complex. The presence of polysialic acid of NCAM in blastemal cells in such lesions indicates that further events in addition to the expression of the embryonic form of this cell adhesion molecule may be involved in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor.
Structure-Based Design of a Dimeric Zinc Finger Protein (1998)

Designing DNA-binding proteins with novel sequence specificities may provide valuable tools for biological research and gene therapy. Computer modeling was used to design a dimeric zinc finger protein, ZFGD1, containing zinc fingers 1 and 2 from Zif268 and a portion of the dimerization domain of GAL4. ZFGD1 binds with high affinity and specificity to the predicted binding site, which contains two 6 base-pair symmetry-related zinc finger subsites separated by a 13 base-pair spacer. The DNA-binding specificity of this fusion protein is determined primarily by the zinc fingers and can be systematically altered through the substitution of the zinc fingers with variants selected by phage display. This zinc finger-GAL4 fusion may serve as a prototype for designed DNA-binding proteins that could exploit advantages of homo- and heterodimer formation, and the adaptability of the Cys2His2 zinc finger motif, to target virtually any site in the genome.
Interaction of electrons with interface phonons in GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures (1992)

The interaction of electrons with interface phonons is predicted to be of major importance in narrow quantum wells. Time-integrated Raman measurements of non-equilibrium phonons in GaAs/AlAs structures show strong coupling to AlAs interface modes, in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on a microscopic phonon model. Monte Carlo simulations of time-resolved Raman measurements of interface phonons in GaAs/AlGaAs structures provide further confirmation of this result.
Homogeneous Electron Transfer Catalysis of the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Do Aromatic Anion Radicals React in an Outer-Sphere Manner? (1996)

Electrochemically generated anion radicals of aromatic nitriles and esters possess the remarkable property to reduce carbon dioxide to oxalate with negligible formation of carboxylated products. They may thus serve as selective homogeneous catalysts for the reduction of CO2 in an aprotic medium. The catalytic enhancement of the cyclic voltammetric peaks of these catalysts is used to determine the rate constant of the electron transfer from these aromatic anion radicals to CO2 as a function of the catalyst standard potential. Substituted benzoic esters allowed a particularly detailed investigation of the resulting activation-driving force relationship. Using 14 different catalysts in this series made it possible to finely scan a range of reaction standard free energies of 0.4 eV. Detailed analysis of the resulting data leads to the conclusion that the reaction is not a simple outer-sphere electron transfer. It rather consists in a nucleophilic addition of the anion radical on CO2, forming an oxygen (or nitrogen for the nitriles)−carbon bond, which successively breaks homolytically, generating the parent ester (or nitrile) and the anion radical of CO2, which eventually dimerizes to oxalate.
BERTgrid: Contextualized Embedding for 2D Document Representation and Understanding (2019)

For understanding generic documents, information like font sizes, column layout, and generally the positioning of words may carry semantic information that is crucial for solving a downstream document intelligence task. Our novel BERTgrid, which is based on Chargrid by Katti et al. (2018), represents a document as a grid of contextualized word piece embedding vectors, thereby making its spatial structure and semantics accessible to the processing neural network. The contextualized embedding vectors are retrieved from a BERT language model. We use BERTgrid in combination with a fully convolutional network on a semantic instance segmentation task for extracting fields from invoices. We demonstrate its performance on tabulated line item and document header field extraction.
NOVEL HMGB1-INHIBITING THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS (2009)

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. The inflammatory response is partly mediated by innate immune cells (such as macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils), which not only ingest and eliminate invading pathogens but also initiate an inflammatory response by producing early (e.g., TNF and IFN-gamma) and late (e.g., high-mobility group box [HMGB1]) proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we briefly review emerging evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of experimental sepsis and discuss therapeutic potential of several HMGB1-inhibiting agents (including neutralizing antibodies and steroid-like tanshinones) in experimental sepsis.
Hand occlusion with tablet-sized direct pen input (2009)

We present results from an experiment examining the area occluded by the hand when using a tablet-sized direct pen input device. Our results show that the pen, hand, and forearm can occlude up to 47% of a 12 inch display. The shape of the occluded area varies between participants due to differences in pen grip rather than simply anatomical differences. For the most part, individuals adopt a consistent posture for long and short selection tasks. Overall, many occluded pixels are located higher relative to the pen than previously thought. From the experimental data, a five-parameter scalable circle and pivoting rectangle geometric model is presented which captures the general shape of the occluded area relative to the pen position. This model fits the experimental data much better than the simple bounding box model often used implicitly by designers. The space of fitted parameters also serves to quantify the shape of occlusion. Finally, an initial design for a predictive version of the model is discussed.
Potential Contributions of Viral Envelope and Host Genetic Factors in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Long-Term Survivor (1998)

The lack of clinical progression in some individuals despite prolonged human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may result from infection with less-pathogenic viral strains. To address this question, we examined the HIV-1 envelope protein from a donor with a low viral burden, stable CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts, and little evidence of CD8(+) T-cell expansion, activation, or immune activity. To avoid potential changes in envelope function resulting from selection in vitro, envelope clones were constructed by using viral RNA isolated from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The data showed that recombinant viruses containing envelope sequences derived from RNA isolated from patient PBMC replicated poorly in primary CD4(+) T cells but demonstrated efficient growth in macrophages. The unusual phenotype of these viruses could not be explained solely by differential utilization of coreceptors since the chimeric viruses, as well as an uncloned isolate obtained from the same visit date, can utilize CCR5. In addition, the donor's own cells appeared resistant to infection with chimeric viruses containing autologous envelope sequences. Genotype analysis revealed that the donor was heterozygous for the previously described 32-bp deletion in CCR5 which may be linked with prolonged survival in HIV-1-infected individuals. These data suggest that the changes in envelope sequences confer properties of viral attenuation, which together with the CCR5 +/Delta32 genotype could account for the long-term survival of this patient.
Hardware support for fast capability-based addressing (1994)

Traditional methods of providing protection in memory systems do so at the cost of increased context switch time and/or increased storage to record access permissions for processes. With the advent of computers that supported cycle-by-cycle multithreading, protection schemes that increase the time to perform a context switch are unacceptable, but protecting unrelated processes from each other is still necessary if such machines are to be used in non-trusting environments.
Photoinduced Refractive Index Change of a Photochromic Diarylethene Polymer (1999)

The effect of photoirradiation on the refractive index of a diarylethene polymer was investigated. Diarylethene polymer was prepared by a radical polymerization using 1-[6'-(methacryoyloxyethyloxycarbonyl)-2'-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3'-yl]-2-(2' '-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3' '-yl) hexafluorocyclopentene (BTF6MA), styrene, and butyl methacrylate. A colorless film prepared from the diarylethene polymer turned a deep red hue upon exposure to UV light. The red color was immediately bleached by visible light, and such coloration and bleaching of the polymer film could be switched reversibly by using two light source of UV and visible light. The refractive index (nTE) of the polymer film, with 5.3 mol % of BTF6MA, was determined as 1.5555 and 1.5459 by a prism coupler using TE polarized light of 633 and 830 nm, respectively. Upon irradiation with light of 365 nm, the refractive index was increased, resulting in a photoinduced refractive index change (ΔnTE) of 8 × 10-4 as monitored by light of 830 nm. ΔnTE was dependent on the wavelength of the monitoring light. The dispersion of light in the diarylethene polymer film could be simulated by the Sellmeier equation, nλ2 = n∞2 + Dλ02/ (λ2 − λ02), in which the refractive index at longest wavelength limit (n∞) and the oscillator strength (D) for the colorless polymer film were determined as 1.5356 and 0.18, respectively. Similarly, n∞ and D values for the red polymer film, prepared by UV irradiation, were determined as 1.5368 and 0.042, respectively.
The syndecan-1 ectodomain regulates αvβ3 integrin activity in human mammary carcinoma cells (2004)

The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin participates in cell morphogenesis, growth factor signaling, and cell survival. Activation of the integrin is central to these processes and is influenced by specific ECM components, which engage both integrins and syndecans. This paper demonstrates that the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and syndecan-1 (S1) are functionally coupled. The integrin is dependent on the syndecan to become activated and to mediate signals required for MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 human mammary carcinoma cell spreading on vitronectin or S1-specific antibody. Coupling of the syndecan to alpha(v)beta(3) requires the S1 ectodomain (ED), as ectopic expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked S1ED enhances alpha(v)beta(3) recognition of vitronectin; and treatments that target this domain, including competition with recombinant S1ED protein or anti-S1ED antibodies, mutation of the S1ED, or down-regulation of S1 expression by small-interfering RNAs, disrupt alpha(v)beta(3)-dependent cell spreading and migration. Thus, S1 is likely to be a critical regulator of many cellular behaviors that depend on activated alpha(v)beta(3) integrins.
Comparative Distribution of Immunoreactive Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Rat Forebrain (1991)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are structurally similar, share the same high affinity site in same peripheral tissues and increase the intracellular content of adenylate cyclase. To establish which neural circuits are signaling with each of these two peptides, we systematically compared the immunohistochemical distribution of PACAP and VIP in selected rat forebrain regions using previously characterized antiserum. The PACAP antiserum recognized both PACAP27 and PACAP38, and PACAP immunoreactivity was unaffected by preincubation with various other peptides. PACAP-immunoreactive perikarya and fibers were observed in both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic regions. In the hypothalamus PACAP perikarya were located in the supraoptic, paraventricular, anterior commissural, periventricular, and perifornical nuclei. In intact rats PACAP immunolabeled fibers were present in the internal zone of the median eminence and posterior pituitary. One week after hypophysectomy the intensity of staining in the internal zone was enhanced and immunoreactive fibers appeared in the external zone of the median eminence. Two or 3 weeks later a dense fiber network was observed around the portal capillaries in the external zone, and immunoreactive material further accumulated in the fibers of the internal zone. PACAP-immunoreactive perikarya and fibers were also observed in several extrahypothalamic regions including central thalamic nuclei, amygdaloid complex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, septum, hippocampus and cingulate, and entorhinal cortices. In the lateral septum and entorhinal cortex PACAP fibers surrounded unstained neuronal cell bodies and small blood vessels. In intact rats, VIP-immunoreactive perikarya were present in all regions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdaloid complexus and in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but not in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. In colchicine-treated rats the VIP perikarya appeared in the preoptic area and paraventricular nucleus. The fibers were organized in two main pathways: the stria terminalis and an ascending pathway from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the paraventricular area. Hypophysectomy induced the appearance of VIP-immunoreactive fibers in the internal zone of the median eminence and perikarya in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in addition to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The dissimilar distributions of PACAP and VIP suggest that PACAP neural circuits are independent of that of VIP in the rat forebrain. These findings support possible multifunctional roles for PACAP as a posterior pituitary hormone, a hypophysiotrophic factor, and a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator.
Parathyroid Hormone Stimulates the Bone Apposition Rate Independently of Its Resorptive Action: Differential Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Administration* (1982)

The deposition of mineralized bone matrix by differentiated osteoblasts was studied in rats in vivo by labeling the bone with three doses of tetracycline given at 48-h intervals. Only bone formation loci bearing all three tetracycline doses were measured, thus eliminating sites where bone formation was not continuous during the labeling period. Using this technique, the effects of intact bovine parathyroid hormone [bPTH-(1-84)] and of a synthetic amino-terminal fragment of human PTH [hPTH-(1-34)] were measured in thyroparathyroidectomized animals. bPTH-(1-84), administered sc, and hPTH-(1-34), administered iv, caused a dose-dependent increase in the bone apposition. Subcutaneous administration of hPTH-(1-34) in doses varying from 2.7-173.0 pmol/rat.day had no effect, probably due to the degradation of the hormone when administered this way. We also compared the effects of bPTH-(1-84) when administered by either daily sc injections or continuous infusion. Continuous infusion of bPTH-(1-84) resulted in an increased apposition rate. Using a morphometric technique, we also found an increase in both formation and resorption surfaces and a net decrease in the trabecular bone volume in this group. Daily injection of the hormone caused an increase in the bone apposition rate, accompanied by an increase in the formation surface without an increase in the resorption surface. This resulted in a net increase in trabecular bone volume. The results thus suggest that the resorptive effects of bPTH-(1-84) can be separated from the effects of the hormone on the apposition rate.
Mariposa: a new architecture for distributed data (2002)

We describe the design of Mariposa, an experimental distributed data management system that provides high performance in an environment of high data mobility and heterogeneous host capabilities. The Mariposa design unifies the approaches taken by distributed file systems and distributed databases. In addition, Mariposa provides a general, flexible platform for the development of new algorithms for distributed query optimization, storage management, and scalable data storage structures. This flexibility is primarily due to a unique rule-based design that permits autonomous, local-knowledge decisions to be made regarding data placement, query execution location, and storage management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Role of Multiubiquitination in Dislocation and Degradation of the α Subunit of the T Cell Antigen Receptor (1999)

Unassembled alpha subunits of the T cell receptor (TCRalpha) are degraded by proteasomes following their dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. We previously demonstrated that a variant of TCRalpha lacking lysines (KalphaR) is degraded by this pathway with kinetics indistinguishable from those of the wild type protein (Yu, H., Kaung, G., Kobayashi, S., and Kopito, R. R. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20800-20804), demonstrating that ubiquitination on lysines is not required for TCRalpha degradation by the proteasome. Here, we show that dislocation and degradation of TCRalpha and KalphaR are suppressed by dominant negative ubiquitin coexpression and by mutations in the ubiquitin activating enzyme, indicating that their degradation requires a functional ubiquitin pathway. A cytoplasmic TCRalpha variant that mimics a dislocated degradation intermediate was degraded 5 times more rapidly than full-length TCRalpha, suggesting that dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is the rate-limiting step in TCRalpha degradation. We conclude that ubiquitination is required both for dislocation and for targeting TCRalpha chains to the proteasome.
Multistage high-order microring-resonator add-drop filters (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a multistage design for microphotonic add-drop filters that provides reduced drop-port loss and relaxed tolerances for achieving high in-band extinction. As a result, the first microring-resonator filters with a rectangular notch stopband in the through port (to our knowledge) are shown, with extinctions exceeding 50 dB. Reaching 30 dB beyond previous results, without postfabrication trimming, such extinction levels open the door to microphotonic notch circuits for spectroscopy, wavelength conversion, and quantum cryptography applications. Combined with a low-loss, high-index-contrast electromagnetic design in SiN and frequency-matched microring resonators, this approach led to the first demonstration of flattop microphotonic filters meeting the stringent criteria for high-spectral-efficiency integrated add-drop multiplexers. The 40 GHz wide filters show a 20 nm free spectral range, 2 dB drop loss, and suppression of adjacent channels by over 30 dB.