gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-12 enhances interleukin-3 dependent multilineage hematopoietic colony formation stimulated by interleukin-11 or steel factor. (1993)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12: natural killer cell stimulatory factor, NKSF; cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, CLMF) was studied for its effect on colony formation and lineage expression of low-density bone marrow cells from 5-fluorouracil-treated mice, and of sorted stem cells using a semi-solid culture assay in the absence or presence of IL-3, IL-11, Steel factor (SF) and erythropoietin. IL-12 did not support colony formation as a single factor, nor in the presence of IL-11 or SF. In IL-3-containing cultures, IL-12 slightly enhanced neutrophilic and monocyte differentiation. Both SF and IL-11 synergized with IL-3 to increase the percentage of multilineage colonies and the number of colonies containing erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages, and blast cells, but not mast cells. In the presence of IL-3 + IL-11, IL-12 greatly enhanced neutrophil, megakaryocyte, erythrocyte, and mast cell development. In IL-3 + SF-containing cultures, IL-12 further increased colony numbers and a higher percentage of colonies expressed neutrophilic, megakaryocytic, erythroid, monocytic, blast cell, and/or mast cell lineages. Colony size and the presence of eosinophils in colonies were unaffected by IL-12 addition. These effects of IL-12 could not be reversed by antibodies against interferon-gamma. Our data show that IL-12 may act as a synergistic factor, stimulating multilineage expression of hemopoietic stem cells, probably via a direct action. The observed activity of IL-12, however, required the presence of a least two factors, i.e. either IL-3 + IL-11, or IL-3 + SF.
Highly Active Metathesis Catalysts Generated In Situ from Inexpensive and Air-Stable Precursors (2001)

Ruthenium vinylidenes: metathesis catalysis on the bench? Ruthenium vinylidene compounds 1, generated in situ from readily available, air-stable precursors, are used to catalyze ring-closing metathesis, ene–yne metathesis, cross-metathesis, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Bulky imidazolylidene ligands and terminal alkynes were found to be necessary components for achieving high catalytic activity.
A Transforming Metal Nanocomposite with Large Elastic Strain, Low Modulus, and High Strength (2013)

Freestanding nanowires have ultrahigh elastic strain limits (4 to 7%) and yield strengths, but exploiting their intrinsic mechanical properties in bulk composites has proven to be difficult. We exploited the intrinsic mechanical properties of nanowires in a phase-transforming matrix based on the concept of elastic and transformation strain matching. By engineering the microstructure and residual stress to couple the true elasticity of Nb nanowires with the pseudoelasticity of a NiTi shape-memory alloy, we developed an in situ composite that possesses a large quasi-linear elastic strain of over 6%, a low Young's modulus of ~28 gigapascals, and a high yield strength of ~1.65 gigapascals. Our elastic strain-matching approach allows the exceptional mechanical properties of nanowires to be exploited in bulk materials.
RAPID REVERSIBLE LIGHT-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS (1971)

Rapid crystallization and equally rapid revitrification of amorphous chalcogenide films exposed to short laser pulses has been observed. A model is developed in which both the speed of crystallization and the reversibility are attributed to the large enhancement of crystallization rate under the influence of the photon flux.
Human Gut-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Current Engineered Tools for Its Modeling (2020)

The steady increase in life-expectancy of world population, coupled to many genetic and environmental factors (for instance, pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental neurotoxins), predispose to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, whose prevalence is expected to increase dramatically in the next years. Recent studies have proposed links between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Human body is a complex structure where bacterial and human cells are almost equal in numbers, and most microbes are metabolically active in the gut, where they potentially influence other target organs, including the brain. The role of gut microbiota in the development and pathophysiology of the human brain is an area of growing interest for the scientific community. Several microbial-derived neurochemicals involved in the gut-microbiota-brain crosstalk seem implicated in the biological and physiological basis of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Evidence supporting these connections has come from model systems, but there are still unsolved issues due to several limitations of available research tools. New technologies are recently born to help understanding the causative role of gut microbes in neurodegeneration. This review aims to make an overview of recent advances in the study of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the field of neurodegenerative disorders by: (a) identifying specific microbial pathological signaling pathways; (b) characterizing new, advanced engineered tools to study the interactions between human cells and gut bacteria.
Compact modeling of nano-scale trapezoidal cross-sectional FinFETs (2013)

Analytical compact model for the drain current and trans-capacitances of undoped or lightly doped nanoscale FinFETs with trapezoidal cross section is presented. The compact model of rectangular FinFETs is applied in trapezoidal FinFETs using the concept of the equivalent device parameters. The model is compared with the results of three-dimensional numerical device simulations. The overall results reveal the very good accuracy of the proposed compact model, making it suitable for circuit design simulation tools.
Formation of new periodontalligament by periodontal ligament cells implanted in vivo after culture in vitro (1981)

The premolar teeth were extracted from eight dogs, and cells from their periodontal ligaments and from attached gingiva were cultured in vitro. The lateral incisors were extracted later, the periodontal ligaments and pulps removed and the root canals filled. The roots were demineralized for 48 h in 0.5M EDTA, pH 7.4, and then divided into three groups. Cultured gingival cells were attached to those in the first group, psriodontal ligament cells to those in the second and no cells to those in the third which acted as controls. The roots were transplanted to holes drilled in the edentulous premolar region of the mandibular alveolar process and completely covered by a gingival flap, the roots and cells always being returned to the same dog from which they were removed. Because of infection, only 20 of the roots were recovered and, of these, only 4 bore periodontal ligament cells. All of the roots exhibited ankylosis and resorption. Only the roots bearing cultured periodontal ligament cells were associated with fragments of new fibrous tissue which was identified as periodontal ligament on the basis of the orientation of its fibres, the presence of Sharpey's fibres in bone and tooth, and cells located in positions normally occupied by osteoblasts and cementoblasts.
Functional Analysis of Claudin-6 and Claudin-9 as Entry Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Human Hepatocytes by Using Monoclonal Antibodies (2013)

The relevance of claudin-6 and claudin-9 in hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry remains elusive. We produced claudin-6- or claudin-9-specific monoclonal antibodies that inhibit HCV entry into nonhepatic cells expressing exogenous claudin-6 or claudin-9. These antibodies had no effect on HCV infection of hepatoma cells or primary hepatocytes. Thus, although claudin-6 and claudin-9 can serve as entry factors in cell lines, HCV infection into human hepatocytes is not dependent on claudin-6 and claudin-9.
Solid-phase synthesis, separation, and stereochemical aspects of P-chiral methane- and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethanephosphonate analogs of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-phase synthesis, separation, and stereochemical aspects of P-chiral methane- and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethanephosphonate analogs of oligodeoxyribonucleotidesWojciech J. Stec, Gerald Zon, William Egan, R. Andrew Byrd, Lawrence R. Phillips, and Kathleen A. GalloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 20, 3908–3913Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00220a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (906 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Autologous x-irradiated tumour cells and percutaneous BCG in operable lung cancer. (1982)

To determine the value of specific immunotherapy with adjuvant BCG in operable lung cancer, the immunological and clinical results of serial postoperative injections of autologous irradiated tumour cells and BCG were compared with those of a single preoperative injection of BCG in two randomly selected groups of patients undergoing resection of their tumours. There was a significant rise in tuberculin skin reactivity from seven weeks to 11 months after operation in the treated group. Actuarial curves for survival and freedom from tumour recurrence and median survival times showed an advantage for the treated patients who had stage I tumours, but these differences were significant only at the levels p = 0.07 - 0.09. Survival and duration of freedom from tumour recurrence was greater in autograft-treated patients whose skin responded to a weak test dose of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) after sensitisation with 2% DNCB than in control DNCB-positive patients (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in the actual proportion of patients from each group surviving at two years. The results show that this form of specific immunotherapy with adjuvant may have a beneficial effect in patients with stage I tumours and those who become sensitised to 2% DNCB after the first exposure.
Synthese des ersten selektiven irreversiblen Inhibitors der neutralen Sphingomyelinase (2000)

Das Sphingolipid Ceramid wird seit einiger Zeit als sekundärer Botenstoff bei einer Reihe physiologischer und pathologischer Vorgänge, z. B. Autoimmunerkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems wie der multiplen Sklerose, diskutiert und kann durch die Aktion einer sauren oder einer neutralen Sphingomyelinase freigesetzt werden. Das Spiroepoxid 1 ist der erste selektive irreversible Inhibitor der neutralen Sphingomyelinase und kann als Hilfsmittel zur Aufklärung der biologischen Funktion von Ceramid herangezogen werden.
Properties of All-Dielectric Interference Filters I A New Method of Calculation (1959)

The reflection coefficient of a system of perfect quarter-wave layers is obtained in terms of the Fresnel coefficients of various boundaries by a simple summation process. This result is used to calculate the phase change on reflection from a system of approximate quarter-wave layers and this is shown to depend linearly on the phase errors of the individual layers. From the resulting formulas the important features of the transmission characteristics of all-dielectric interference filters are evaluated.
Synthesis and13C NMR investigation of novel Amadori compounds (1-amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose derivatives) related to the opioid peptide, leucine–enkephalin (1996)

The N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) derivatives (Amadori compounds) of the endogenous opioid pentapeptide, leucine–enkephalin (11), leucine–enkephalin methyl ester (12) and of structurally related peptides (9,10) are synthesized. The equilibrium compositions of the prepared Amadori compounds 9–12 in D2O and [2H6]DMSO are determined using 13C NMR spectroscopy. In water, the β-pyranose, α-furanose and β-furanose forms are detected, the β-pyranose tautomer being the most abundant at equilibrium (67–75%). The α-pyranose form and open-chain keto form are not detected. In dimethyl sulfoxide, the equilibrium compositions of 9–12 are markedly shifted towards a higher proportion of furanose forms, amounting to two-thirds of the mixture. In addition to the α- and β-furanoses and β-pyranose tautomers, DMSO solutions of compounds 9–12 contain at equilibrium a relatively high proportion of the acyclic hydrate (gem-diol) form (ca. 10%).
Anomalous Asymmetry of Fusiform and Parahippocampal Gyrus Gray Matter in Schizophrenia: A Postmortem Study (2000)

The findings add substance to the view that the sex-related dimension of symmetry/asymmetry is integral to the disease process in schizophrenia and draw attention to the fusiform gyrus as a structure of particular interest in relation to disturbances of identification and naming in psychosis.
Altered norepinephrine turnover in the brain of rats with chronic renal failure. (1994)

Disturbances of the sympathetic nervous system have been described in chronic renal failure, but their role in the genesis and maintenance of hypertension frequently associated with this condition has not been established. The neuroadrenergic activity in brain nuclei involved in the regulation of blood pressure in uremic animals has also not been previously evaluated. In these studies, the neuroadrenergic activity was measured in the anterior, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, in the locus coeruleus, and in the nucleus tractus solitarius of Sprague Dawley rats 5/6 nephrectomized or sham operated 4 wk before the experiments. Neuroadrenergic activity was determined by calculating norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate (in picograms per milligram per hour), 3, 6 and 12 h after inhibition of NE synthesis with L-methyltyrosine. The endogenous NE concentration was significantly greater in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei (21,501 +/- 1,777 pg/mg wet wt) and in the locus coeruleus (16,152 +/- 1,114 pg/mg wet tissue) of uremic compared with control rats (12,213 +/- 1,404 and 7,991 +/- 622 pg/mg wet wt, respectively). On the other hand, the endogenous NE content of the nucleus tractus solitarius and the anterior hypothalamic nuclei did not differ between uremic and control rats. The turnover rate of NE in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei of uremic rats (2150 +/- 430 pg/mg per hour) was significantly faster (P < 0.05) than in control rats (977 +/- 244 pg/mg per hour). The turnover rate of NE in the locus coeruleus of uremic rats (2,584 +/- 323 pg/mg per hour) was also significantly faster than in control animals (400 +/- 140 pg/mg per hour; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glucolipotoxicity: Fuel Excess and β-Cell Dysfunction (2008)

Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and glucolipotoxicity are secondary phenomena that are proposed to play a role in all forms of type 2 diabetes. The underlying concept is that once the primary pathogenesis of diabetes is established, probably involving both genetic and environmental forces, hyperglycemia and very commonly hyperlipidemia ensue and thereafter exert additional damaging or toxic effects on the beta-cell. In addition to their contribution to the deterioration of beta-cell function after the onset of the disease, elevations of plasma fatty acid levels that often accompany insulin resistance may, as glucose levels begin to rise outside of the normal range, also play a pathogenic role in the early stages of the disease. Because hyperglycemia is a prerequisite for lipotoxicity to occur, the term glucolipotoxicity, rather than lipotoxicity, is more appropriate to describe deleterious effects of lipids on beta-cell function. In vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the concept of glucotoxicity is presented first, as well as a description of the underlying mechanisms with an emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Second, we discuss the functional manifestations of glucolipotoxicity on insulin secretion, insulin gene expression, and beta-cell death, and the role of glucose in the mechanisms of glucolipotoxicity. Finally, we attempt to define the role of these phenomena in the natural history of beta-cell compensation, decompensation, and failure during the course of type 2 diabetes.
The Source Code Plagiarism Detection Using AST (2010)

In the instruction of computer courses, some students copy other's source code as themselves. In order to detect this plagiarism accurately, researchers did a lot. In this paper, we described a source code plagiarism detection technology based on AST, this technology can detect the plagiarism accurately when the position of functions is changed by plagiarist. At first, transforming the programs to the AST using ANTLR, and then, abstracting the function subtrees from the AST, at last, compare the function subtree using LCS, get the similarity between programs.
C/EBPα Regulates Hepatic Transcription of Hepcidin, an Antimicrobial Peptide and Regulator of Iron Metabolism (2002)

Originally identified as a gene up-regulated by iron overload in mouse liver, the HEPC gene encodes hepcidin, the first mammalian liver-specific antimicrobial peptide and potential key regulator of iron metabolism. Here we demonstrate that during rat liver development, amounts of HEPC transcripts were very low in fetal liver, strongly and transiently increased shortly after birth, and reappeared in adult liver. To gain insight into mechanisms that regulate hepatic expression of hepcidin, 5'-flanking regions of human and mouse HEPC genes were isolated and analyzed by functional and DNA binding assays. Human and mouse HEPC promoter-luciferase reporter vectors exhibited strong basal activity in hepatoma HuH-7 and mouse hepatocytes, respectively, but not in non-hepatic U-2OS cells. We found that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and C/EBPbeta were respectively very potent and weak activators of both human and mouse promoters. In contrast, co-expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) failed to induce HEPC promoter activity. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay we demonstrated that one putative C/EBP element found in the human HEPC promoter (-250/-230) predominantly bound C/EBPalpha from rat liver nuclear extracts. Hepatic deletion of the C/EBPalpha gene resulted in reduced expression of HEPC transcripts in mouse liver. In contrast, amounts of HEPC transcripts increased in liver-specific HNF4alpha-null mice. Decrease of hepcidin mRNA in mice lacking hepatic C/EBPalpha was accompanied by iron accumulation in periportal hepatocytes. Finally, iron overload led to a significant increase of C/EBPalpha protein and HEPC transcripts in mouse liver. Taken together, these data demonstrate that C/EBPalpha is likely to be a key regulator of HEPC gene transcription and provide a novel mechanism for cross-talk between the C/EBP pathway and iron metabolism.
In situ cell detection using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate-stainless steel cantilevers (2002)

We have investigated piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-stainless steel cantilevers as real-time in-water cell detectors using yeast cells as a model system. Earlier studies have shown that mass changes of a cantilever can be detected by monitoring the resonance frequency shift. In this study, two PZT-stainless steel cantilevers with different sensitivities were used to detect the presence of yeast cells in a suspension. The stainless steel cantilever tip was coated with poly-L-lysine that attracted yeast cells from the suspension, and immobilized them on the cantilever surface. After immersing the poly-L-lysine coated tip in a yeast suspension, the flexural resonance frequency of the cantilever was monitored with time. The flexural resonance frequency decreased with time in agreement with the optical micrographs that showed increasing amount of adsorbed yeast cells with time. The resonance frequency shifts are further shown to be consistent with both the mass of immobilized cells on the poly-L-lysine coated stainless steel surface and that deduced from the optical micrographs. Furthermore, under the present experimental conditions where the cell diffusion distance is smaller than the linear dimension of the adsorption area, it is shown that the rate of resonance frequency shift is linear with the cell concentration and the rate of resonance frequency shift can be used to quantify the cell concentration.
Why do so many stimuli induce tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK? (1999)

Engagement of integrins and other adhesion receptors can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase present in focal adhesions. Furthermore, in addition to adhesion receptors, a surprising variety of stimuli, acting either on specific surface receptors or on intracellular molecules, such as PKC or Rho, can induce also tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. I suggest that a potential mechanism by which such distinct factors may modulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK is the promotion of integrin or other adhesion receptor clustering at focal adhesions.
Dead-End Filling of SlipChip Evaluated Theoretically and Experimentally as a Function of the Surface Chemistry and the Gap Size between the Plates for Lubricated and Dry SlipChips (2010)

In this paper, we describe a method to load a microfluidic device, the SlipChip, via dead-end filling. In dead-end filling, the lubricating fluid that fills the SlipChip after assembly is dissipated through the gap between the two plates of the SlipChip instead of flowing through an outlet at the end of the fluidic path. We describe a theoretical model and associated predictions of dead-end filling that takes into consideration the interfacial properties and the gap size between plates of SlipChips. In this method, filling is controlled by the balance of pressures: for filling to occur without leaking, the inlet pressure must be greater than the capillary pressure but less than the maximum sealing pressure. We evaluated our prediction with experiments, and our empirical results agreed well with theory. Internal reservoirs were designed to prevent evaporation during loading of multiple solutions. Solutions were first loaded one at a time into inlet reservoirs; by applying a single pressure source to the device, we were able to fill multiple fluidic paths simultaneously. We used this method to fill both lubricated and dry SlipChips. Dry-loaded SlipChips were fabricated from fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) by using hot embossing techniques, and were successfully filled and slipped to perform a simple chemical reaction. The SlipChip design was also modified to enable ease of filling by using multiple access holes to the inlet reservoir.