gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of E–Selectin and E–Selectin Ligands in Human Liver Inflammation (1996)

Lymphocyte recruitment to tissue is regulated by homing molecules expressed on subsets of leukocytes that bind to endothelial adhesion molecules termed addressins in target tissues. The addressins and homing molecules involved in recruiting lymphocytes to inflamed human liver are not known. E-selectin, which acts as an addressin for a subset of skin-infiltrating T cells that express a distinct E-selectin ligand called the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), can be detected on endothelium in inflammatory liver diseases suggesting it might also act as an addressin for liver-infiltrating lymphocytes. To determine whether E-selectin does play such a role we looked for concomitant expression of E-selectin on hepatic endothelium and E-selectin ligands on infiltrating lymphocytes in liver sections from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), acute allograft rejection, alcoholic liver disease, and normal liver. E-selectin was detected on vascular endothelium in association with lymphocytic infiltrates in all three liver diseases but not on normal endothelium. However, less that 10% of infiltrating lymphocytes expressed the only known lymphocyte E-selectin ligand, CLA. We used E-selectin chimeric fusion proteins to probe for novel E-selectin ligands on liver-infiltrating lymphocytes; however, less than 10% of lymphocytes had t he ability to bind the fusion proteins. Thus, E-selectin is unlikely to act as an addressin for liver-infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting that other molecules are involved in lymphocyte recruitment to the liver. Despite the lack of binding to lymphocytes other structures in the liver expressed CLA and bound the E-selectin fusion proteins. Inflamed, but not normal, intrahepatic bile ducts expressed CLA and bound E-selectin, suggesting that they express activation dependent carbohydrate binding receptors. Furthermore, Kupffer cells did not express CLA but bound to both E-selectin fusion proteins, suggesting that they express potentially novel E-selectin ligands.
A study of biologically active peptide sequences (P‐15) on the surface of an ABM scaffold (PepGen P‐15™) using AFM and FTIR (2005)

Cellular response to any biomaterial surface is governed by a number of factors including topography, surface chemistry, surface charge, structural heterogeneity, and physiological conditions. Understanding these factors at the nanoscale level is crucial to develop improved biomaterials. Any changes in these properties due to surface modifications need to be addressed properly, as they could have significant impact on the cellular interaction with biomaterials. In this study, the topography and surface chemistry of commercially available tissue engineered xenograft, PepGen P-15 [comprised of a synthetic peptide P-15 irreversibly attached to anorganic bovine bone mineral (OsteoGraf/-N)] was studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR confirmed the presence of the peptide on the surface of PepGen P-15. Changes in the peptide conformation, which includes a decrease in the beta-strand accompanied by an increase in unordered structures/random coil structures after attachment on OsteoGraf/-N is observed. Specific functional groups, which are involved in the binding mechanism, are identified. The results suggest that the attachment of the peptide on OsteoGraf/-N occurs via a specific surface docking ionic interaction involving the C-terminal carboxylic group on the peptide with positive domains generated by hydroxyl vacancies on the apatite surface.
ELISPOT for detecting antibody-secreting cells in response to infections and vaccination (1996)

Based on immunoassay principles, methods have been developed for the analysis of secreted products at the cellular level. This approach offers substantial methodological advantages compared to traditional immunoassays. In a number of applications cell-based methods have proved able to overcome many of the problems inherent to immunoassays of biological fluids. This review focuses on applications of ELISPOT in natural infections and vaccinations of human individuals. The studies reviewed here have contributed to our understanding of the B-cell responses in infections and the independence of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Whilst diagnostic applications are rare, enzyme immunospot assays have been extensively used in testing the immunogenicity of vaccines. In particular, B-cell responses to mucosal vaccines are better covered with this cellular assay.
Outdoor performance of a thin-film gallium-arsenide photovoltaic module (2013)

We deployed a 855 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> thin-film, single-junction gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) module outdoors. Due to its fundamentally different cell technology compared to silicon (Si), the module responds differently to outdoor conditions. On average during the test, the GaAs module produced more power when its temperature was higher. We show that its maximum-power temperature coefficient, while actually negative, is several times smaller in magnitude than that of a Si module used for comparison. The positive correlation of power with temperature in GaAs is due to temperature-correlated changes in the incident spectrum. We show that a simple correction based on precipitable water vapor (PWV) brings the photocurrent temperature coefficient into agreement with that measured by other methods and predicted by theory. The low operating temperature and small temperature coefficient of GaAs give it an energy production advantage in warm weather.
Distributed operating systems anno 1992. What have we learned so far? (1993)

Research on distributed systems has been going on for over a decade. Perhaps it is time to sit back and take stock. What have we learned in this time? The author presents one viewpoint of what is important in the field. The topics covered include system structure, communication, and distributed shared memory. The paper concludes by discussing some open issues for future research.
Carotid artery–hypoglossal nerve relationships in the neck: an anatomical work (2009)

The relationship between the hypoglossal nerve and the carotid bifurcation is quite variable, and this explains the vulnerability of the nerve during carotid endarterectomy. The sternocleidomastoid artery is a good landmark for identifying the hypoglossal nerve. If there is exact anatomical knowledge about the relationship between the sternocleidomastoid artery and the hypoglossal nerve, the incidence of nerve injuries during carotid endarterectomy can be minimized.
<title>Resource management issues of a video server</title> (1996)

A video-on-demand system in a distributed environment relies on a video server that simultaneously provides video services to multiple clients and guarantees the quality of service (QoS) for each client. Because video data is categorized as continuous media, which has an implied dynamic temporal dimension, resource management of a video server has to be specially designed to meet new requirements. In this paper we develop the policy and the mechanism of resource management for implementing an MPEG- based video server that supports common VCR functionality. Our goal is to maximize the number of video streams to clients, while maintaining the quality of service of each video stream, under the limitation of system resources available on a workstation. We first define the policy and the QoS parameters for different video services. Then, we describe the mechanisms of admission control and resource control to efficiently implement the policy and guarantee the QoS for video services. A dynamic approach of resource reservation dealing with state change is also presented. The major contribution of this paper is to present a framework that integrates CPU/disk/network scheduling and memory management for video services. Under such a framework, we can manage system resources and optimize individual resources systematically.
Effect of Applying Force to Self‐Adhesive Electrodes on Transthoracic Impedance: Implications for Electrical Cardioversion (2016)

Applying force to self-adhesive electrodes reduces TTI and should be considered as a means of improving ECV success. Numerically greater mean force applied with a "push-up" force analogy suggests that "concrete" cues may be useful in improving ECV technique.
A Lipid Droplet Protein of Nannochloropsis with Functions Partially Analogous to Plant Oleosins (2012)

As our understanding of the dynamics of lipid droplets (LDs) in animal, plant, and fungal cells is rapidly evolving, still little is known about the formation and turnover of these organelles in microalgae. Yet with the growing importance of algal feedstock for the production of biofuels and high-value lipids, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of LD dynamics in microalgae. Thus, we investigated the proteins associated with LDs of the emerging heterokont model alga Nannochloropsis sp. and discovered an abundant hydrophobic lipid droplet surface protein (LDSP) with unique primary sequence but structural similarities to other LD proteins. LDSP abundance in Nannochloropsis cells closely tracked the amount of triacylglycerols during conditions of oil accumulation and degradation. Functional characterization of LDSP in an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) OLEOSIN1-deficient mutant allowed a separation of its physical and structural properties in its interaction with LDs from its physiological or biochemical activities. Although LDSP presence in Arabidopsis predictably affected LD size, it could not reverse the physiological impact of OLEOSIN deficiency on triacylglycerol hydrolysis during germination.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: clinical disease, pathology and immunosuppression (1995)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was first known as blue-eared pig disease in the United Kingdom and the causative agent as 'Lelystad virus'. The disease is characterised by very variable clinical signs, including reproductive failure and respiratory disease. The respiratory syndrome is often associated with severe infection with secondary bacterial agents including Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus suis. However, some seropositive herds show no clinical signs of disease. The secondary infections may be facilitated by the destruction of circulating lymphocytes, by the destruction of the mucociliary clearance system and, most importantly, by a large reduction in the numbers of alveolar macrophages. The clinical syndrome observed in a herd may therefore depend in part upon the other diseases present.
Potent cytotoxicity of an auristatin-containing antibody-drug conjugate targeting melanoma cells expressing melanotransferrin/p97 (2006)

Identifying factors that determine the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxicity by antibody-drug conjugates is essential in the development of such conjugates for therapy. Here the monoclonal antibody L49 is used to target melanotransferrin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein first identified as p97, a cell-surface marker in melanomas. L49 was conjugated via a proteolytically cleavable valine-citrulline linker to the antimitotic drug, monomethylauristatin F (vcMMAF). Effective drug release from L49-vcMMAF likely requires cellular proteases most commonly located in endosomes and lysosomes. Melanoma cell lines with the highest surface p97 expression (80,000-280,000 sites per cell) were sensitive to L49-vcMMAF whereas most other cancer cell lines with lower p97 expression were resistant, as were normal cells with low copy numbers (< or = 20,000 sites per cell). Cell line sensitivity to L49-vcMMAF was found by immunofluorescence microscopy to correlate with intracellular fate of the conjugate. Specifically, L49-vcMMAF colocalized with the lysosomal marker CD107a within sensitive cell lines such as SK-MEL-5 and A2058. In contrast, in resistant cells expressing lower p97 levels (H3677; 72,000 sites per cell), L49-vcMMAF colocalized with caveolin-1, a protein prominent in caveolae, but not with CD107a. Thus, for antibody-drug conjugates targeting p97, antigen level and trafficking to the lysosomes are important factors for achieving robust in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis with L49 revealed that 62% of metastatic melanoma tumors had strong staining for p97. Overexpression of p97 in melanoma as compared with normal tissue, in conjunction with the greater sensitivity of tumor cells to L49-vcMMAF, supports further evaluation of antibody-drug conjugates for targeting p97-overexpressing tumors.
A comparative study of different chaos based spread spectrum communication systems (2002)

Using different properties of chaotic systems, different chaos based communication schemes have been proposed in the literature. However, their performances are seldom compared. In this paper, we implement several major chaos based communication methods including chaotic spreading codes, chaotic carrier, chaos shift keying, chaotic masking and chaotic parameter modulation in a common digital communication background. Their performance in terms of bit error rate and robustness are then evaluated.
In Vivo Protection Provided by a Synthetic New Alpha-Galactosyl Ceramide Analog against Bacterial and Viral Infections in Murine Models (2010)

Alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) has been known to bind to the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which subsequently secrete T-helper-cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, which correlate with anti-infection activity and the prevention of autoimmune diseases, respectively. α-GalCer elicits the secretion of these two cytokines nonselectively, and thus, its effectiveness is limited by the opposing effects of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Reported here is the synthesis of a new α-GalCer analog (compound C34), based on the structure of CD1d, with a 4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenyl undecanoyl modification of the N-acyl moiety of α-GalCer. Using several murine bacterial and viral infection models, we demonstrated that C34 has superior antibacterial and antiviral activities in comparison with those of several other Th1-selective glycolipids and that it is most effective by administering it to mice in a prophylactic manner before or shortly after infection.
58.3: A Novel Highly Transparent 6‐in. AMOLED Display Consisting of IGZO TFTs (2015)

Display technology advances, from thin to “transparent” new forms of sustainable development. AMOLED has the advantage of self‐luminous, wide viewing angle, high contrast and fast response. AMOLED panel cathode and anode use transparent materials, with IGZO TFTs high electron mobility, low power consumption, sub‐pixel aperture ratio can be increased to achieve high resolution and higher transmittance of the panel. Furthermore, we demonstrate high‐transparent 6 inch AMOLED display with IGZO TFTs, the module transparency of the AMOLED display is about 23% transmittance which can realize transparent and thinner portable device.
Intravenous iron treatment in pregnancy: comparison of high-dose ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose (2012)

Ferric carboxymaltose administration in pregnant women is well tolerated and is not associated with any relevant clinical safety concerns. Ferric carboxymaltose has a comparable safety profile to iron sucrose but offers the advantage of a much higher iron dosage at a time reducing the need for repeated applications and increasing patients' comfort. Ferric carboxymaltose is the drug of choice, if i.v. iron treatment becomes necessary in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
Transcriptional Repression by Drosophila and Mammalian Polycomb Group Proteins in Transfected Mammalian Cells (1994)

The Polycomb group (Pc-G) genes are essential for maintaining the proper spatially restricted expression pattern of the homeotic loci during Drosophila development. The Pc-G proteins appear to function at target loci to maintain a state of transcriptional repression. The murine oncogene bmi-1 has significant homology to the Pc-G gene Posterior sex combs (Psc) and a highly related gene, Suppressor two of zeste [Su(z)2]. We show here that the proteins encoded by bmi-1 and the Pc-G genes Polycomb (Pc) and Psc as well as Su(z)2 mediate repression in mammalian cells when targeted to a promoter by LexA in a cotransfection system. These fusion proteins repress activator function by as much as 30-fold, and the effect on different activation domains is distinct for each Pc-G protein. Repression is observed when the LexA fusion proteins are bound directly adjacent to activator binding sites and also when bound 1,700 bases from the promoter. These data demonstrate that the products of the Pc-G genes can significantly repress activator function on transiently introduced DNA. We suggest that this function contributes to the stable repression of targeted loci during development.
Use of Enzyme Tests in Characterization and Identification of Aerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (1998)

The contribution of enzyme tests to the accurate and rapid routine identification of gram-positive cocci is introduced. The current taxonomy of the genera of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cocci based on genotypic and phenotypic characterization is reviewed. The clinical and economic importance of members of these taxa is briefly summarized. Tables summarizing test schemes and kits available for the identification of staphylococci, enterococci, and streptococci on the basis of general requirements, number of tests, number of taxa, test classes, and completion times are discussed. Enzyme tests included in each scheme are compared on the basis of their synthetic moiety. The current understanding of the activity of enzymes important for classification and identification of the major groups, methods of testing, and relevance to the ease and speed of identification are reviewed. Publications describing the use of different identification kits are listed, and overall identification successes and problems are discussed. The relationships between the results of conventional biochemical and rapid enzyme tests are described and considered. The use of synthetic substrates for the detection of glycosidases and peptidases is reviewed, and the advantages of fluorogenic synthetic moieties are discussed. The relevance of enzyme tests to accurate and meaningful rapid routine identification is discussed.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Chromosomal Aneuploidies by Maternal Plasma Nucleic Acid Analysis (2008)

After a decade of work, the theoretical and practical feasibility of prenatal fetal chromosomal aneuploidy detection by plasma nucleic acid analysis has been demonstrated in studies using small sample sets. Larger scale independent studies will be needed to validate these initial observations. If these larger scale studies prove successful, it is expected that with further development of new fetal DNA/RNA markers and new analytical methods, molecular noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of the major chromosomal aneuploidies could become a routine practice in the near future.
Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis (1999)

Postprandial lipids and lipoproteins have been associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease in a large number of case-control studies. Because the metabolic perturbations around the postprandial situation is a key driving force for cholesterol flux between lipoproteins and tissues, together with the augmented generation of potentially atherogenic cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins, several hypotheses have been formulated to link excessive lipoproteinaemic response to fat intake with cardiovascular disease. Recent information on the regulation of lipoprotein remnant formation and its relation to atherosclerosis will enable us to test a pertinent clinical question: is there a direct relationship between repeated elevations of postprandial lipoproteins and development of atherosclerosis?
Crop Physiology: Some Case Histories (1975)

Crop physiology: some case histories , Crop physiology: some case histories , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Early appearance and activation of natural killer cells in tumor‐infiltrating lymphoid cells during tumor development (1993)

We investigated NK cell infiltration into tumor developing lesions at early stage of tumor development after intraperitoneal inoculation of 3LL lung carcinoma into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Natural killer (NK) cells, which were detected by anti-NK 1.1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), remarkably increased in number in tumor-developing lesions (peritoneal cavity) as early as day 3 after inoculation of 3LL. The tumor-infiltrating NK cells from 3LL-inoculated mice produced a high level of interferon-gamma by co-culture with 3LL and showed enhanced cytotoxic activities against both NK-sensitive (YAC-1) and NK-resistant (3LL and P815) tumors. Furthermore, mice depleted of NK cells by injection of anti-NK 1.1 mAb or anti-asialo GM1 antibody showed shorter survival times after intraperitoneal inoculation of 3LL when compared with control mice. These results suggest that NK cells infiltrate the tumor-developing lesion at an early stage and may participate in the early protection against tumors through production of a high amount of interferon-gamma and enhanced cytotoxicity at tumor-bearing sites.
Excessive Production of IFN-γ in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Contribution to Induction of B Lymphocyte Stimulator/B Cell-Activating Factor/TNF Ligand Superfamily-13B (2008)

Expression and immunological significance of IFN-gamma, a pivotal cytokine in murine lupus, have not been clearly demonstrated in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present study we investigated the expression of IFN-gamma in peripheral blood T cells from patients with SLE and its role in the production of the soluble B lymphocyte stimulator (sBLyS). Peripheral blood T cells from patients with SLE expressed significantly larger amounts of IFN-gamma in response to stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb plus anti-CD28 mAb than those from normal controls as shown by three analytical methods, including ELISA, flow cytometry, and quantitative RT-PCR. The ratio of IFN-gamma-producing T cells to effector memory T cells in CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) populations in patients with SLE was significantly higher than that of normal controls. The T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) mRNA/GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) mRNA ratio was significantly higher in patients with SLE than in normal controls. T cell culture supernatants from patients with SLE contained significantly higher sBLyS-inducing activity than normal controls; this was almost completely inhibited by the addition of anti-human IFN-gamma mAb. Percentages of BLyS-expressing peripheral blood monocytes in patients with SLE were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Monocytes from patients with SLE produced significantly larger amounts of sBLyS in response to IFN-gamma than those from normal controls. Taken together, these data strongly indicate that the overexpression of IFN-gamma in peripheral blood T cells contributes to the immunopathogenesis of SLE via the induction of sBLyS by monocytes/macrophages, which would promote B cell activation and maturation.
Single disperser design for coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (2008)

We present a single disperser spectral imager that exploits recent theoretical work in the area of compressed sensing to achieve snapshot spectral imaging. An experimental prototype is used to capture the spatiospectral information of a scene that consists of two balls illuminated by different light sources. An iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct the data cube. The average spectral resolution is 3.6 nm per spectral channel. The accuracy of the instrument is demonstrated by comparison of the spectra acquired with the proposed system with the spectra acquired by a nonimaging reference spectrometer.