gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lifespan of subcutaneous glucose sensors and their performances during dynamic glycaemia changes in rats (1993)

Performances of a glucose sensor have been investigated during dynamic variations of plasma glucose levels. Subcutaneous glucose concentrations measured by the sensors were calculated by a one-point calibration, performed in basal conditions. A first group of sensors were chronically implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of normal rats. The animals were submitted to glucagon and insulin injection, in order to induce rapid modifications of their glycaemia. This test was repeated at different days after implantation in order to investigate the lifespan and the performance of the sensors. All the sensors were working 1 or 2 days after implantation, and 70% adequately responded to glycaemia variations at day 3 or 4. The quality of the sensors' performance remained constant as a function of the time. With a second group of sensors, we demonstrated that an efficient sterilization procedure did not alter the sensors' characteristics. At the day of implantation, the sterilized sensors' performance, during dynamic variations of plasma glucose levels, was closely similar to that of the non-sterilized sensors. The animals bearing the sterilized devices were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Once the rats had developed a severe hyperglycaemia (1-3 days after STZ), they were injected with intravenous insulin. The subcutaneously implanted glucose sensors correctly followed the decline in plasma glucose levels. We therefore conclude that our sensor could represent a useful tool for short-term continuous blood monitoring.
Rearranged Ig Heavy Chain DNA Is Detectable in Cell-Free Blood Samples of Patients With B-Cell Neoplasia (1997)

Tumor-derived DNA has been shown in various cell-free body fluids. In this study, soluble tumor-derived DNA was analyzed in serum and plasma samples of patients with B-cell malignancies. DNA was extracted from tumor cell specimens as well as serum and plasma samples collected from 110 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia and was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain DNA. In 54% of serum or plasma samples analyzed at different times before and during treatment, clonal DNA from a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain locus was detectable. When examined at diagnosis and before any treatment, clonotypic DNA was found in serum or plasma of 86% of the patients. Serum or plasma from patients with systemic or bulky disease was uniformly PCR positive, whereas clonotypic DNA was also recovered from the serum or plasma from the majority of patients with limited disease stages. Degradation of clonal DNA by nucleases in vitro was shown to be one cause of false-negative PCR results. This technical drawback can be relieved by adding a nuclease inhibitor like EDTA, ie, by using plasma instead of serum for PCR analysis. Treatment of patients with cytotoxic drugs was followed by rapid clearance of DNA from the peripheral blood, suggesting that soluble tumor-derived DNA might be associated with viable and proliferating tumor cells. Follow-up studies showed a close correlation of persisting soluble tumor-derived DNA with resistant disease or early relapse. In summary, these data suggest that tumor-derived DNA can be detected in serum or plasma of the majority of patients with B-cell malignancies and that testing of serum or plasma for tumor-associated DNA may be a novel parameter for monitoring response to treatment.
Targeting of liposomes to hepatocytes. (1991)

We began our investigations about 15 years ago with the concept that it should be possible to deliver drugs or enzymes intracellularly into lysosomes for diseases associated with lysosomal enzymes (e.g., sphingolipidosis). The results have been very gratifying. It now has been possible to extend our in vitro studies on the kinetics of lectin-liposome interaction to the targeting of glycolipid liposomes to specific liver cell types in vivo by simply varying the sugar residue on the surface of liposome. Nevertheless, much remains to be done to ascertain the stability of the external enzyme and the expression of its activity after the delivery into the lysosomes.
Event management components for the 3/sup rd/ generation OSS (2002)

This paper presents a key 3G OSS architectural component, called element management component for 3G (EMC3) that manages and distributes network management information in real time. The term 3G signifies the system's capability to manage third generation networks whose major characteristic is the exploitation of IP technology to carry voice, data and video media. The primary goal of the EMC3 project was to investigation the problems and pitfalls involved in the development of a scalable event management network based on CORBA components connected together using the CORBA Notification Service. This project began in January 1998 as a joint effort between Ericsson Research Canada and Broadcom Eireann Research Limited.
The Interactive Workspaces project: experiences with ubiquitous computing rooms (2002)

The Interactive Workspaces project explores new possibilities for people working together in technology-rich spaces. The project focuses on augmenting a dedicated meeting space with large displays, wireless or multimodal devices, and seamless mobile appliance integration.
Memory in Mice as Affected by Intracerebral Puromycin (1963)

The antibiotic, puromycin, caused loss of memory of avoidance discrimination learning in mice when injected intracerebrally. Bilateral injections of puromycin involving the hippocampi and adjacent temporal cortices caused loss of short-term memory; consistent loss of longer-term memory required injections involving, in addition, most of the remaining cortices. Spread of the effective memory trace from the temporal-hippocampal areas to wide areas of the cortices appears to require 3 to 6 days, depending upon the individual animal. Recent reversal learning was lost while longer-term initial learning was retained after bilateral injections into the hippocampal-temporal areas.
Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Men Taking Beta-Blockers (1991)

Two months of chromium supplementation resulted in a clinically useful increase in HDL cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers.
Linking Everything to Everything: Journal Publishing Myth or Reality? (1997)

Reference lists are an important facet of the modern academic journal. This form of &amp;apos;hyperlinking&amp;apos; becomes enormously more powerful when translated to the World Wide Web, both in terms of the speed of link following and in the number of linked documents that can be made accessible. Electronic Press Ltd (EP), one of the first commercial publishers to commit to electronic publishing on the Web, plans to extend the practice of citation linking, aiming to link a document not just to a cited source but to all other documents that contain relevant information. Relevance in this case is defined as all referring, or referred to, documents. The paper discusses EP&amp;apos;s approach to link creation on this scale, which is based on an internalised system. One way of extending this approach is to support link creation as well as link following on a distributed network such as the Web. The Open Journal Project has built some first demonstrations, which are outlined in the paper. The convergence between these two approaches suggests some important new motivations for online journal publishing. Some of these features will eventually transform journal usage.
Genetic assay for multimerization of retroviral gag polyproteins (1992)

We have established a genetic assay for the multimerization of retroviral gag polyproteins. This assay is based on the GAL4 two-hybrid system for studying protein-protein interactions (S. Fields and O. Song, Nature (London) 340:245-246, 1989). In our initial experiments, we generated Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmids that separately express the GAL4 DNA-binding and GAL4 activation domains fused to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag polyprotein, Pr55gag. The coexpression of these two hybrid proteins in S. cerevisiae results in the association of the GAL4 domains and the potent activation of an integrated GAL4-responsive lacZ indicator gene. Similar results were obtained with plasmids encoding GAL4-Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) gag polyprotein hybrid proteins. In contrast, the heterologous GAL4-HIV-1 gag and GAL4-M-MuLV gag fusion proteins were unable to interact with each other to induce lacZ expression. The results suggest that this yeast system provides a rapid and specific assay for the interactions of retroviral gag proteins that occur during virion assembly.
Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nanometer water layers (2004)

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is demonstrated to have the sensitivity to characterize nanometer-thick water layers on the surfaces of a parallel-plate metal waveguide. The measured far-infrared absorption and index of refraction of the 20-nm water layers are in reasonable self-consistent agreement with those of bulk water.
Characterization of a t(10;12)(q24;p13) in a case of CML in transformation (1997)

We have used Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to define the breakpoints of a reciprocal translocation, t(10;12)(q24;p13), acquired as a secondary abnormality in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in transformation. A YAC clone that spanned the breakpoint at 12p13 was identified; this YAC included the CDKN1B gene but did not include ETV6. Neither ETV6 nor CDKN1B was rearranged, as determined by FISH and Southern blotting; however, a small deletion encompassing the translocated CDKN1B allele was detected. Analysis of two candidate genes at 10q24, HOX11 and NFKB2 suggested that they are not involved in this translocation. The preliminary mapping of breakpoints in this case demonstrated that they are different from an apparently identical translocation identified previously in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. The identification of the split YAC and small deletion should enable a more focused search for a gene or genes that may contribute to progression from chronic phase to blast crisis in CML.
Induction-Coupled Plasma Torch (1961)

A new method of generating a stable plasma at atmospheric pressure using inductive coupling at a frequency of several Mc is described. Methods of starting and operating this plasma in argon, and mixtures of argon with helium, hydrogen, oxygen, and air are discussed. The Fowler and Milne method was used to measure the temperature profile of the plasma under various conditions of gas flow and composition, and at several power levels. Measured peak temperatures ranged from 14 000°–19 000°K. The power losses from the plasma in the form of convection, radiation, and conduction to the nozzle walls were measured under the same conditions. Total power transferred to the plasma ranged from 1.6–3.1 kw which was approximately 50% of the input power. The extent to which local thermal equilibrium prevails in the plasma is discussed; the available evidence indicates that under the operating conditions described herein, equilibrium is closely approached.
Oligodendroglial development in human fetal cerebrum (1995)

We have successfully established mixed glial cell primary cultures prepared from individual fetal human brains (15-18 weeks' gestation in age). Cultures were maintained for as long as 3 months in either 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or serum-free chemically defined medium (CDM). By morphological and immunohistochemical criteria, the precursor cell for human oligodendrocytes (O-2A cell) was identified. This cell exhibited the bipolar morphology and A2B5-positive (A2B5+) immunoreactivity typical of the O-2A precursor cell. With time in culture, cells possessing a stellate morphology appeared, some of which stained with the O4 antibody, indicative of cell differentiation in the oligodendroglial lineage. At yet older culture age, arborized cells bearing the O1 (galactocerebroside, GC) immunohistochemical marker and displaying the morphological characteristics typical of more mature oligodendrocytes were found, confirming their oligodendroglial identity. Oligodendroglial differentiation was supported best by CDM rather than FCS. To complement these observations, double immunofluorescent studies were performed on parietal sections from human fetal brains at 20 to 22 weeks of gestation. Bipolar A2B5+, multipolar A2B5+/O4+, and arborized A2B5-/O1+ cells were found, thus confirming the presence of oligodendrocytes in human fetal brain at this stage of prenatal development and consistent with the observations made in cell culture.
Tetrahydrobiopterin, L-Arginine and Vitamin C Act Synergistically to Decrease Oxidative Stress, Increase Nitric Oxide and Improve Blood Flow after Induction of Hindlimb Ischemia in the Rat (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a potent vasodilator and signaling molecule that plays an essential role in vascular remodeling of collateral arteries and perfusion recovery in response to hindlimb ischemia. In ischemic conditions, decreased NO bioavailability was observed because of increased oxidative stress, decreased L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary cosupplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), L-arginine, and vitamin C acts synergistically to decrease oxidative stress, increase nitric oxide and improve blood flow in response to acute hindlimb ischemia. Rats were fed normal chow, chow supplemented with BH4 or L-arginine (alone or in combination) or chow supplemented with BH4 + L-arginine + vitamin C for 1 wk before induction of unilateral hindlimb ischemia. Cosupplementation with BH4 + L-arginine resulted in greater eNOS expression, Ca²⁺-dependent NOS activity and NO concentration in gastrocnemius from the ischemic hindlimb, as well as greater recovery of foot perfusion and more collateral artery enlargement than did rats receiving either agent separately. The addition of vitamin C to the BH4 + L-arginine regimen did further increase these dependent variables, although only the increase in eNOS expression reached statistical significances. In addition, rats given all three supplements demonstrated significantly less Ca²⁺-independent activity, less nitrotyrosine accumulation, greater glutathione:glutathione disulfide (GSH:GSSG) ratio and less gastrocnemius muscle necrosis, on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. In conclusion, cosupplementation with BH4 + L-arginine + vitamin C significantly increased vascular perfusion after hindlimb ischemia by increasing eNOS activity and reducing oxidative stress and tissue necrosis. Oral cosupplementation of L-arginine, BH4 and vitamin C holds promise as a biological therapy to induce collateral artery enlargement.
Topic Discovery for Short Texts Using Word Embeddings (2016)

Discovering topics in short texts, such as news titles and tweets, has become an important task for many content analysis applications. However, due to the lack of rich context information in short texts, the performance of conventional topic models on short texts is usually unsatisfying. In this paper, we propose a novel topic model for short text corpus using word embeddings. Continuous space word embeddings, which is proven effective at capturing regularities in language, is incorporated into our model to provide additional semantics. Thus we model each short document as a Gaussian topic over word embeddings in the vector space. In addition, considering that background words in a short text are usually not semantically related, we introduce a discrete background mode over word types to complement the continuous Gaussian topics. We evaluate our model on news titles from data sources like abcnews, showing that our model is able to extract more coherent topics from short texts compared with the baseline methods and learn better topic representation for each short document.
Complexes of Ni(i): a “rare” oxidation state of growing importance (2017)

Nickel plays an important role in areas as diverse as metallurgy, magnetism and biology as well as in chemical applications such as the catalytic transformation of organic substrates. Despite nickel's importance, the investigation of its compounds in various oxidation states remains uneven and those in the +1 oxidation are less common than those in the neighboring 0 and +2 oxidation states. Nonetheless, in recent years, the volume of work on Ni(i) complexes has increased to the extent that they can be no longer regarded as rare. This review focuses on the syntheses and structures of Ni(i) complexes and shows that they display a range of structures, reactivity and magnetic behavior that places them in the forefront of current nickel chemistry research.
A Crosslinked Cofactor in Lysyl Oxidase: Redox Function for Amino Acid Side Chains (1996)

A previously unknown redox cofactor has been identified in the active site of lysyl oxidase from the bovine aorta. Edman sequencing, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectra, and resonance Raman studies showed that this cofactor is a quinone. Its structure is derived from the crosslinking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl lysine with the modified side chain of a tyrosyl residue, and it has been designated lysine tyrosylquinone. This quinone appears to be the only example of a mammalian cofactor formed from the crosslinking of two amino acid side chains. This discovery expands the range of known quino-cofactor structures and has implications for the mechanism of their biogenesis.
The Sphingomyelin-Ceramide Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-induced Cell Proliferation (1996)

Development of atherosclerosis is believed to involve proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC). Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the growth of bovine aortic SMC was stimulated by mildly oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and that the mitogenic effect of oxLDL was greater than that induced by native LDL (Augé, N., Pieraggi, M. T., Thiers, J. C., Nègre-Salvayre, A., and Salvayre R.(1995) Biochem. J. 309, 1015-1020). Since the lipid mediator ceramide has been described to be proliferative, the present work aimed at studying the potential involvement of the so-called sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway in the signal transduction cascade induced by oxLDL. Incubation of SMC with UV-oxidized LDL induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis (32%), which peaked at 60 min and was accompanied by a concomitant increase of intracellular ceramide level. The effect of oxidized LDL on sphingomyelin turnover exhibited the same LDL dose dependence as their mitogenic effect. Exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide generation and also stimulated cell growth, in contrast to exogenous phospholipases A2, C, or D. This mitogenic effect was reproduced by incubating the cells with the cell-permeant ceramides, N-acetyl- and N-hexanoylsphingosines. Altogether, these data strongly suggest for the first time that activation of the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway may play a pivotal role in the oxLDL-induced SMC proliferation and atherogenesis.
Delineation of T-progenitor cell activity within the CD34+ compartment of adult bone marrow (1995)

T-cell production is largely dependent on the presence of a thymus gland where CD34+ precursors mature into T lymphocytes. Prethymic stages of T-cell development are less defined. Therefore, this study aims to delineate T-progenitor cell potential within the CD34+ Lineage--(Lin-) cell compartment of adult bone marrow (ABM). Fractionation of CD34+ Lin- ABM cells with CD45RA, Thy-1, CD38, and HLA-DR failed to absolutely segregate T-cell reconstituting ability, indicating broad distribution of T-progenitor cell potential. Titration experiments showed that low numbers of CD34+ Lin- CD45RA+ (RA+) cells had greater thymus repopulating ability than CD34+ Lin- CD45RA- cells (RA-). The great majority (> 95%) of RA+ cells expressed CD38, HLA-DR and 70% to 90% of RA+ cells lacked Thy-1 surface expression. RA+ cells contained colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells but were depleted of erythroid potential, did not provide hematopoietic reconstitution of human bone fragments implanted into SCID mice, and did not efficiently maintain CD34+ cells with secondary clonogenic potential in bone marrow cultures. Thus, RA+ cells are oligopotent (nonprimitive) CD34+ progenitors with T-cell reconstituting ability. In contrast, these same assays indicated that CD34+ Lin- CD45RA- cells (RA- cells) comprised hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with primitive multilineage (T, B, myeloid, and erythroid) hematopoietic potential. It was confirmed that HSC-containing populations, such as CD34+ Lin- CD45RA- Thy-1+ cells had thymus repopulating ability. Culture of RA- cells on murine bone marrow stromal cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) generated CD34+ CD45RA+ progeny engrafting in a secondary severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-hu thymus assay. Altogether, our results underscore the fact that T-cell reconstituting potential can be dissociated from HSC activity. Furthermore, we speculate that HSC might develop into the T lineage indirectly, via differentiation into an intermediate oligopotent CD34+ CD45RA+ stage. Finally, T-progenitor cells can be cultured in vitro.
Combination of hepatocyte specific delivery and transformation dependent expression of shRNA inducing transcriptional gene silencing of c-Myc promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2014)

The Sendai virosomal delivery system, combined with AFP promoter/enhancer expression machinery, could serve as a generalized mechanism for the expression of genes deleterious to transformed hepatocarcinoma cells. In this system, the epigenetic suppression of c-Myc could have an added advantage for inducing cell death in the targeted cells.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in CD4+ T lymphocytes genetically deficient in LFA-1: LFA-1 is required for HIV-mediated cell fusion but not for viral transmission. (1991)

In the present study, we demonstrated that expression of the LFA-1 molecule is necessary for cell fusion and syncytia formation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, the lack of expression of LFA-1 does not influence significantly cell-to-cell transmission of HIV. In fact, LFA-1- T lymphocytes obtained from a leukocyte adhesion deficiency patient were unable to fuse and form syncytia when infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2, despite the fact that efficiency of HIV infection (i.e., virus entry, HIV spreading, and levels of virus replication) was comparable with that observed in LFA-1+ T lymphocytes. In addition, we provide evidence that LFA-1 by mediating cell fusion contributes to the depletion of HIV-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes in vitro.
Synthetic and Natural Polycations for Gene Therapy: State of the Art and New Perspectives (2006)

Currently, the major drawback of gene therapy is the gene transfection rate. The two main types of vectors that are used in gene therapy are based on viral or non-viral gene delivery systems. There are several non-viral systems that can be used to transfer foreign genetic material into the human body. In order to do so, the DNA to be transferred must escape the processes that affect the disposition of macromolecules. These processes include the interaction with blood components, vascular endothelial cells and uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. Furthermore, the degradation of therapeutic DNA by serum nucleases is also a potential obstacle for functional delivery to the target cell. Cationic polymers have a great potential for DNA complexation and may be useful as non-viral vectors for gene therapy applications. The objective of this review was to address the state of the art in gene therapy using synthetic and natural polycations and the latest strategies to improve the efficiency of gene transfer into the cell.