gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Einführung (1980)

Die Bestimmung der Dielektrizitätszahl isotroper Materialien im Mikrowellenbereich ist Gegenstand vieler Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre gewesen. In jüngster Zeit ist die Frage nach der Bestimmung des Dielektrizitätstensors anisotroper dielektrischer Materialien in den Vordergrund getreten. Ausgelöst wurde dieses Bedürfnis, anisotrope dielektrische Materialien zu kennzeichnen, durch die Vielzahl der neu entwickelten Kunststoffe und Harze, die in der Mikrowellentechnik Verwendung gefunden haben /3 /. Da bei der Herstellung dieser Kunststoffe die Anisotropie nur vermindert aber nicht ganz vermieden werden kann, ist die Kenntnis der Anisotropie bezüglich des dielektrischen Verhaltens des Materials erforderlich. Ein weiterer Grund dielektrische Anisotropie zu kennzeichne ist die Geräteentwicklung der Elektrotechnik. Sie steht vor der Notwendigkeit, immer mehr Bauelemente auf kleinstem Raum unterzubringen. Im Zuge der damit verbundenen Miniaturisierung steigen die Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit elektrischer Kenngrößen wie z.B. der Dielektrizitätszahl.
Effective Innate and Adaptive Antimelanoma Immunity through Localized TLR7/8 Activation (2014)

Intratumoral immune activation can induce local and systemic antitumor immunity. Imiquimod is a cream-formulated, TLR7 agonist that is Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers, but it has limited activity against melanoma. We studied the antitumor activity and mechanism of action of a novel, injectable, tissue-retained TLR7/8 agonist, 3M-052, which avoids systemic distribution. Intratumoral administration of 3M-052 generated systemic antitumor immunity and suppressed both injected and distant, uninjected wild-type B16.F10 melanomas. Treated tumors showed that an increased level of CCL2 chemokines and infiltration of M1 phenotype-shifted macrophages, which could kill tumor cells directly through production of NO and CCL2, were essential for the antitumor activity of 3M-052. CD8(+) T cells, B cells, type I IFN, IFN-γ, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were contributed to efficient tumor suppression, whereas perforin, NK cells, and CD4 T cells were not required. Finally, 3M-052 therapy potentiated checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-programmed death ligand 1 Abs, even when checkpoint blockade alone was ineffective. Our findings suggest that intratumoral treatment with 3M-052 is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer and establish a rational strategy and mechanistic understanding for combination therapy with intratumoral, tissue-retained TLR7/8 agonist and checkpoint blockade in metastatic cancer.
Efficient One-Step Electrolytic Recycling of Low-Grade and Post-Consumer Magnesium Scrap (2012)

Metal Oxygen Separation Technologies, Inc. (abbreviated MOxST, pronounced most) and Boston University (BU) have developed a new low-cost process for recycling post-consumer co-mingled and heavily-oxidized magnesium scrap, and discovered a new chemical mechanism for magnesium separations in the process. The new process, designated MagReGenTM, is very effective in laboratory experiments, and on scale-up promises to be the lowest-cost lowest-energy lowest-impact method for separating magnesium metal from aluminum while recovering oxidized magnesium. MagReGenTM uses as little as one-eighth as much energy as today's methods for recycling magnesium metal from comingled scrap. As such, this technology could play a vital role in recycling automotive non-ferrous metals, particularly as motor vehicle magnesium/aluminum ratios increase in order to reduce vehicle weight and increase efficiency.
Partially coherent fields, the transport-of-intensity equation, and phase uniqueness (1995)

Recent papers have shown that there are different coherent and partially coherent fields that may have identical intensity distributions throughout space. On the other hand, the well-known transport-of-intensity equation allows the phase of a coherent field to be recovered from intensity measurements, and the solution is widely held to be unique. A discussion is given on the recovery of the structure of both coherent and partially coherent fields from intensity measurements, and we reconcile the uniqueness question by showing that the transport-of-intensity equation has a unique solution for the phase only if the intensity distribution has no zeros.
Cell death due to electroporation – A review (2021)

Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
A retinoic acid-inducible transgenic marker of sino-atrial development in the mouse heart (1999)

To study the specification of inflow structures in the heart we generated transgenic animals harboring the human alkaline phosphatase (HAP) gene driven by the proximal 840 bp of a quail SMyHC3 promoter. In transgenic mice, the SMyHC3-HAP reporter was expressed in posterior heart precursors at 8.25 dpc, in sinus venosa and in the atrium at 8.5 and 9.0 dpc, and in the atria from 10.5 dpc onwards. SMyHC3-HAP transgene expression overlapped synthesis and endogenous response to retinoic acid (RA) in the heart, as determined by antibodies directed against a key RA synthetic enzyme and by staining of RAREhsplacZ transgenic animals. A single pulse of all-trans RA administered to pregnant mice at 7.5, but not after 8.5, dpc induced cardiac dismorphology, ranging from complete absence of outflow tract and ventricles to hearts with reduced ventricles expressing both SMyHC3-HAP and ventricular markers. Blockade of RA synthesis with disulfiram inhibited RA-induced transcription and produced hearts lacking the atrial chamber. This study defines a novel marker for atrial-restricted transcription in the developing mouse heart. It also suggests that atrial-specific gene expression is controlled by localized synthesis of RA, and that exclusion of RA from ventricular precursors is essential for correct specification of the ventricles.
The mutant (F310L and V365I) tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene from hypophosphatasia. (2004)

Hypophosphatasia (HOPS) is a heritable disorder characterized by defective skeletal mineralization, deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity and premature loss of deciduous teeth. In a previous study, we detected missense mutations in the TNSALP gene of a patient who inherited the F310L and the V365I mutation with severe periodontitis and childhood HOPS. Expression of the mutant V365I TNSALP gene using COS-1 cells demonstrated that the protein translated from the mutant had undetectable ALP activity. In the present study, we characterized another ALP enzyme translated from the mutant F310L and compared it with the ALP in the patient's serum. The COS-1 cells transfected with the F310L and co-transfected with F310L and V365I (F310L/V365I) exhibited levels of 67% and 31%, respectively, with the enzymatic activity of the wild-type taken as 100%. In the thermostability test, TNSALPs in the COS-1 cells transfected with the mutant F310L or F310L/V365I were significantly more heat labile compared with that of the wild-type. Moreover, ALP from the patient's serum was also more heat labile than normal ALP. These results suggest that the protein translated from the mutant F310L, in addition to the mutant V365I, may be responsible for the expression of symptoms of the childhood-type HOPS.
Effect of cis-unsaturated fatty acids on aortic protein kinase C activity (1989)

Long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids could substitute for phosphatidylserine and activate bovine aortic protein kinase C in assays with histone as substrate. The optimal concentration was 24-40 microM for oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. With arachidonic acid, the Ka for Ca2+ was 130 microM and kinase activity was maximal at 0.5 mM-Ca2+. Diolein only slightly activated the oleic acid-stimulated enzyme at low physiological Ca2+ concentrations (0.1 and 10 microM). Oleic acid also stimulated kinase C activity, determined with a Triton X-100 mixed-micellar assay. Under these conditions, the fatty acid activation was absolutely dependent on the presence of diolein, but a Ca2+ concentration of 0.5 mM was still required for maximum kinase C activity. The effect of fatty acids on protein kinase C activity was also investigated with the platelet protein P47 as a substrate, since the properties of kinase C can be influenced by the choice of substrate. In contrast with the results with histone, fatty acids did not stimulate the phosphorylation of P47 by the aortic protein kinase C. Activation of protein kinase C by fatty acids may allow the selective phosphorylation of substrates, but the physiological significance of fatty acid activation is questionable because of the requirement for high concentrations of Ca2+.
Maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein a and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for the prediction of fetal trisomies in early pregnancy (1995)

The risks for fetal trisomies at 10-13 weeks' gestation can be derived by combining data on maternal age, maternal serum PAPP-A, and fetal nuchal translucency thickness.
Sterile Neutrinos in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (2000)

We investigate analytically the evolution of the primordial neutrino asymmetry caused by active-sterile neutrino oscillations. In particular, we concentrate on possible chaotic oscillations of the asymmetry. For a certain range of parameters, we find that the asymmetry indeed oscillates, provided we neglect the momentum distribution.
Biodegradable citrate-based polyesters with S-nitrosothiol functional groups for nitric oxide release (2015)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a biologically-active free radical involved in numerous physiological processes such as regulation of vasodilation, promotion of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and modulation of the inflammatory and immune responses. Furthermore, NO has demonstrated the ability to mitigate the foreign body response that often results in the failure of implanted biomedical devices. Although NO has promising therapeutic value, the short physiological half-life of exogenous NO complicates its effective delivery. For this reason, the development of NO-releasing materials that permit the localized delivery of NO is an advantageous method of utilizing this molecule for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of biodegradable NO-releasing polyesters prepared from citric acid, maleic acid, and 1,8-octanediol. NO release was achieved by incorporation of S-nitrosothiol donor groups through conjugation of cysteamine and ethyl cysteinate to the polyesters, followed by S-nitrosation with tert-butyl nitrite. The extent of NO loading and the release properties under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 PBS, 37 °C) were determined by chemiluminesence-based NO detection. The average total NO content of poly(citric-co-maleic acid-co-1,8-octanediol)-cysteamine was determined to be 0.45 ± 0.07 mol NO g<sup>-1</sup> polymer, while the NO content for poly(citric-co-maleic acid-co-1,8-octanediol)-ethyl cysteinate was 0.16 ± 0.04 mol NO g<sup>-1</sup> polymer. Continuous NO release under physiological conditions was observed for at least 6 days for the cysteamine analog and 4 days for the ethyl cysteinate analog. Cell viability assays and morphological studies with human dermal fibroblasts indicated an absence of toxic leachates at a cytotoxic level, and suggested that these citrate-based polyesters may be suitable for future biomedical applications.
A computer-graphic display for real-time operator feedback during interventional x-ray procedures (2004)

The harmful effects of ionizing radiation, as employed in a variety of medical imaging procedures, have been well studied and documented. To minimize risk to patients, operators must continually assess the dose rate and cumulative dose to the patient at each area of exposure. We have developed a computer graphic dose management display system which provides this operator feedback. The system is comprised of a signal processing module which reads the state of a fluoroscopy machine, a transmission ionization chamber for exposure measurement, and a visualization of the patient that displays the current level of radiation intensity and accumulated dose at every location on the body. The system shows the beam projection and orientation of the machine and color-coded dose metrics on the patient graphic model in real time. Additionally, a database system has been incorporated to allow for recording and playback of the entire procedure.
A New Process for the Selective Hydrogenation of Cyclopropenoids in Cottonseed Oil (1968)

Abstract A new process has been developed, in which the cyclopropenoid groups in cottonseed oil can be selectively and continuously hydrogenated under mild conditions. This process utilizes nickel in a fixed‐bed reactor, thereby eliminating the ex‐pensive filtration commonly associated with slurry reactors. In pilot‐plant runs at essentially atmospheric pressure and at temperatures from 150 to 315P (66‐157C), Halphen‐negative oils were produced in as short a contact time as 2 min. Little or no hydrogenation or isomerization of normal fatty acids occurred during the process. Reaction rate data indicate that cyclopropenoid removal follows first‐order behavior.
Multilevel metallization based on Al CVD (2002)

We report the plasmaless ClF/sub 3/ pretreatment prior to the Al CVD, Al deposition on TiN layer and a new MOSFET structure as device level metallization for the Al-CVD based multilevel metallization.
Targeted Gene Knockout by 2′-O-Aminoethyl Modified Triplex Forming Oligonucleotides (2001)

Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are of interest because of their potential for facile gene targeting. However, the failure of TFOs to bind target sequences at physiological pH and Mg(2+) concentration has limited their biological applications. Recently, pyrimidine TFOs with 2'-O-aminoethyl (AE) substitutions were shown to have enhanced kinetics and stability of triplex formation (Cuenoud, B., Casset, F., Husken, D., Natt, F., Wolf, R. M., Altmann, K. H., Martin, P., and Moser H. E. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 1288--1291). We have prepared psoralen-linked TFOs with varying amounts of the AE-modified residues, and have characterized them in biochemical assays in vitro, and in stability and HPRT gene knockout assays in vivo. The AE TFOs showed higher affinity for the target in vitro than a TFO with uniform 2'-OMe substitution, with relatively little loss of affinity when the assay was performed in reduced Mg(2+). Once formed they were also more stable in "physiological" buffer, with the greatest affinity and stability displayed by the TFO with all but one residue in the AE format. However, TFOs with lesser amounts of the AE modification formed the most stable triplexes in vivo, and showed the highest HPRT gene knockout activity. We conclude that the AE modification can enhance the biological activity of pyrimidine TFOs, but that extensive substitution is deleterious.
A mutant murine leukemia virus with a single missense codon in pol is defective in a function affecting integration. (1984)

We have used site-directed mutagenesis of cloned Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) DNA to define a function encoded in the 3' region of the viral pol gene and required for efficient integration of viral DNA. One mutant, MuLV-SF1, contained a single base substitution (C to T at base 4950) that resulted in an arginine to cysteine change in a region highly conserved among retroviruses. Mutant DNA, introduced into rat cells by cotransfection with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV tk), directed production of virus particles with reverse transcriptase activity. Infection of cells with these particles led to synthesis of full-length linear and circular forms of unintegrated viral DNA; however, integrated viral DNA was decreased at least by a factor of 10 when examined by DNA hybridization, and the mutant particles were less efficient then wild-type virus at establishing an infection by a factor of at least 300. Pseudotypes formed with the proteins of MuLV-SF1 and the genome of a replication defective marker MuLV, carrying the HSV tk gene, were less effective by at least a factor of 100 in producing tk+ colonies than pseudotypes formed with proteins encoded by wild-type virus. When the MuLV-SF1 pseudotypes did produce tk+ cells, most of the proviruses were integrated aberrantly. We conclude that the MuLV-SF1 pol gene is defective for a function that is required for normal integrative recombination and dissociable from DNA synthesis.
Vascular Defects and Sensorineural Deafness in a Mouse Model of Norrie Disease (2002)

Norrie disease is an X-linked recessive syndrome of blindness, deafness, and mental retardation. A knock-out mouse model with an Ndp gene disruption was studied. We examined the hearing phenotype, including audiological, histological, and vascular evaluations. As is seen in humans, the mice had progressive hearing loss leading to profound deafness. The primary lesion was localized to the stria vascularis, which houses the main vasculature of the cochlea. Fluorescent dyes showed an abnormal vasculature in this region and eventual loss of two-thirds of the vessels. We propose that one of the principal functions of norrin in the ear is to regulate the interaction of the cochlea with its vasculature.
BindingDB Entry 2025: Characterization of the antitumor effects of the selective farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor R115777 in vivo and in vitro. (2007)

R115777 [(B)-6-[amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-methyl]-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone] is a potent and selective inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase with significant antitumor effects in vivo subsequent to oral administration in mice. In vitro, using isolated human farnesyl protein transferase, R115777 competitively inhibited the farnesylation of lamin B and K-RasB peptide substrates, with IC50s of 0.86 nM and 7.9 nM, respectively. In a panel of 53 human tumor cell lines tested for growth inhibition, approximately 75% were found to be sensitive to R115777. The majority of sensitive cell lines had a wild-type ras gene. Tumor cell lines bearing H-ras or N-ras mutations were among the most sensitive of the cell lines tested, with responses observed at nanomolar concentrations of R115777. Tumor cell lines bearing mutant K-ras genes required higher concentrations for inhibition of cell growth, with 50% of the cell lines resistant to R115777 up to concentrations of 500 nM. Inhibition of H-Ras, N-Ras, and lamin B protein processing was observed at concentrations of R115777 that inhibited cell proliferation. However, inhibition of K-RasB protein-processing could not be detected. Oral administration b.i.d. of R115777 to nude mice bearing s.c. tumors at doses ranging from 6.25-100 mg/kg inhibited the growth of tumors bearing mutant H-ras, mutant K-ras, and wild-type ras genes. Histological evaluations revealed heterogeneity in tumor responses to R115777. In LoVo human colon tumors, treatment with R115777 produced a prominent antiangiogenic response. In CAPAN-2 human pancreatic tumors, an antiproilferative response predominated, whereas in C32 human melanoma, marked induction of apoptosis was observed. The heterogeneity of histological changes associated with antitumor effects suggested that R115777, and possibly farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as a class, alter processes of transformation related to tumor-host interactions in addition to inhibiting tumor-cell proliferation.
Total Synthesis and Structure Reinvestigation of So-called Isochimonanthine (2005)

The data for the proposed structure of isochimonanthine, a dimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloid that was synthesized from tryptamine, were not identical with those of the natural product. Careful structure reinvestigationled to the conclusion that the so-called isochimonanthine was a ca. 1:1 mixture of (+)-chimonanthine and meso-chimonanthine.
Parylene membrane slot filter for the capture, analysis and culture of viable circulating tumor cells (2010)

This paper presents a method of capturing viable circulating tumor cells (CTC) from human whole blood using constant-pressure-driven filtration through a specially designed parylene-C membrane "slot" filter. More than 90% viable cancer cells could be recovered from whole blood using the slot filter, with minimal non-cancer blood cells left on the filter. The feasibility of the telomerase activity measurement of a single cancer cell taken from the filter after capture was proven. The on-filter and off-filter cultures of the captured cancer cells were also demonstrated.
A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein (1997)

Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, resulting in mortality rates of up to 90%. Studies of this virus have been hampered by its extraordinary pathogenicity, which requires biosafety level 4 containment. To circumvent this problem, we developed a novel complementation system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoproteins. It relies on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that contains the green fluorescent protein gene instead of the receptor-binding G protein gene (VSVDeltaG*). Herein we show that Ebola Reston virus glycoprotein (ResGP) is efficiently incorporated into VSV particles. This recombinant VSV with integrated ResGP (VSVDeltaG*-ResGP) infected primate cells more efficiently than any of the other mammalian or avian cells examined, in a manner consistent with the host range tropism of Ebola virus, whereas VSVDeltaG* complemented with VSV G protein (VSVDeltaG*-G) efficiently infected the majority of the cells tested. We also tested the utility of this system for investigating the cellular receptors for Ebola virus. Chemical modification of cells to alter their surface proteins markedly reduced their susceptibility to VSVDeltaG*-ResGP but not to VSVDeltaG*-G. These findings suggest that cell surface glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharide chains contribute to the entry of Ebola viruses, presumably acting as a specific receptor and/or cofactor for virus entry. Thus, our VSV system should be useful for investigating the functions of glycoproteins from highly pathogenic viruses or those incapable of being cultured in vitro.
Glutamate-based anxiolytic ligands in clinical trials (2013)

A variety of glutamatergic agents active at both N-acetylo-D-asparaginian and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been tested in humans to examine their potential anxiolytic activity. Many compounds acting on the glutamatergic system and approved for the treatment of other disorders than anxiety were shown to exert anxiolytic effects in clinical trials. Those are mainly voltage-dependent ion channel ligands as well as d-cycloserin and memantine. Also, ligands active at mGlu receptors, such as fenobam and LY354740, exhibited activity in controlled clinical trials. However, relatively few trials are found on the agents that are focused on GABAergic neurotransmission. Therefore, it seems that glutamatergic system may become a novel target for modern and effective anxiolytics.