gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers (1999)

Abstract The first edition of Pope and Swenberg’s Electronic Processes of Organic Crystals, published in 1982, became the classic reference in the field. It provides a tutorial on the experimental and related theoretical properties of aromatic hydrocarbon crystals and includes emerging work on polymers and superconductivity. This new edition has been expanded to cover the major theoretical and experimental advances over the last fifteen years. It contains a unified description of what is known in almost every aspect of the field. The basic phenomena covered in the first edition included fluorescence, exciton and charge carrier generation, transport, recombination, and photoemission; the new edition adds solitons, polarons, bipolarons, spin waves, and charge density waves. It provides in-depth coverage of such model polymers such as polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, poly (phenylene-vinylene), polyanilines, polysilanes, and fullerenes. It also provides detailed treatments of the expanding areas of electroluminescence, non-linear optics, organic magnets, organic superconductors, and Langmuir-Blodgett films. In addition, it contains a chapter on major applications, including LED’s, photocopiers, photoconductors, batteries, transistors, liquid crystals, photorefractive devices, and sensors. As in the first volume, the authors take informed positions in controversial areas. This book will be an essential reference for organic material scientists, whether they are experienced researchers or just entering the field. It will also be a reliable guide to anyone interested in this rapidly growing field
The history of subaquatic volcanism recorded in the sediments of Lake Kivu; East Africa (2015)

ISSN:0921-2728
Iron-Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron-Catalyzed Reactions in Organic SynthesisCarsten Bolm, Julien Legros, Jacques Le Paih, and Lorenzo ZaniView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 12, 6217–6254Publication Date (Web):November 19, 2004Publication History Received24 June 2004Published online19 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040664hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040664hresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27328Altmetric-Citations1985LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Iron,Reagents,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Two independent cis-acting elements regulate the sex- and tissue-specific expression ofyp3inDrosophila melanogaster (1995)

In Drosophila, the three yolk protein (yp) genes are transcribed in a sex-, tissue- and developmentally specific manner, providing an ideal system in which to investigate the factors involved in their regulation. The yolk proteins are synthesized in the fat body of adult females, and in the ovarian follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte during stages 8-10 of oogenesis. We report here an analysis of the yolk protein 3 (yp3) gene and its flanking sequences by means of P-element mediated germ-line transformation and demonstrate that a 747 bp promoter region is sufficient to direct sex-specific expression in the female fat body and both the temporal- and cell-type-specificity of expression during oogenesis. Two elements that independently govern yp3 transcription in these tissues have been separated and no other sequences in the upstream, downstream or coding regions have been identified that are autonomously involved in yp3 expression.
Induction of Protective Immunity to Anthrax Lethal Toxin with a Nonhuman Primate Adenovirus-Based Vaccine in the Presence of Preexisting Anti-Human Adenovirus Immunity (2005)

Prevention or therapy for bioterrorism-associated anthrax infections requires rapidly acting effective vaccines. We recently demonstrated (Y. Tan, N. R. Hackett, J. L. Boyer, and R. G. Crystal, Hum. Gene Ther. 14:1673-1682, 2003) that a single administration of a recombinant serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad) vector expressing anthrax protective antigen (PA) provides rapid protection against anthrax lethal toxin challenge. However, approximately 35 to 50% of humans have preexisting neutralizing antibodies against Ad5. This study assesses the hypothesis that a recombinant adenovirus vaccine based on the nonhuman primate-derived serotype AdC7, against which humans do not have immunity, expressing PA (AdC7PA) will protect against anthrax lethal toxin even in the presence of preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity. Naive and Ad5-immunized BALB/c mice received (intramuscularly) 10(8) to 10(11) particle units (PU) of AdC7PA, Ad5PA (a human serotype Ad5-based vector expressing a secreted form of PA), or AdNull (an Ad5 vector with no transgene). Robust anti-PA immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies were detected by 2 to 4 weeks following administration of AdC7PA to naive or Ad5 preimmunized mice, whereas low anti-PA titers were detected in Ad5-preimmunized mice following administration of Ad5PA. To assess protection in vivo, naive or mice previously immunized against Ad5 were immunized with AdC7PA or Ad5PA and then challenged with a lethal intravenous dose of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Whereas Ad5PA protected naive mice against challenge with B. anthracis lethal toxin, Ad5PA was ineffective in mice that were previously immunized against Ad5. In contrast, AdC7PA functioned effectively not only to protect naive mice but also to protect Ad5-preimmunized mice, with 100% survival after lethal toxin challenge. These data suggest the nonhuman-based vector AdC7PA is an effective vaccine for the development of protective immunity against B. anthracis and importantly functions as a "sero-switch" base for an adenovirus vaccine to function in the context of preexisting anti-Ad immunity.
Informing the Design of Direct-Touch Tabletops (2006)

Tables provide a large and natural interface for supporting direct manipulation of visual content for human-to-human interactions. Such surfaces also support collaboration, coordination, and parallel problem solving. However, the direct-touch table metaphor also presents considerable challenges, including the need for input methods that transcend traditional mouse- and keyboard-based designs. In this paper, we've designed, implemented, and studied a variety of tabletop user interfaces, interaction techniques, and usage scenarios
Evidence for in situ expansion of diverse antitumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones in a human large cell carcinoma of the lung (2000)

We have isolated several cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones from lymphocytes infiltrating a human large cell carcinoma (LCC) of the lung. All these clones were found to express a CD3(+), TCRalphabeta(+), CD8(+), CD4(-), CD28(-) phenotype. According to their TCR beta chain variable region expression, they were divided in three major groups. The first group, including the majority of the clones, expressed a unique V(beta)3-J(beta)1.2 TCR. The second group expressed a V(beta)22-J(beta)1.4 rearrangement and the third group, including only two clones, expressed a V(beta)8-J(beta)1.5 TCR. Functional studies showed that all the CTL clones mediated a high cytotoxic activity against the autologous tumor cell line. While the V(beta)3(+) clones showed a weak lysis against few allogeneic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cell lines, V(beta)8(+) and V(beta)22(+) T cell clones were able to kill a panel of allogeneic NSCLC tumor cell lines. Cytotoxicity-blocking experiments using specific mAb indicated that, while the V(beta)3(+) and V(beta)22(+) CTL clones were HLA-A2 restricted, the V(beta)8(+) clones appeared HLA-B or -C restricted. TCR transcripts expressed in the cloned cells were determined by CDR3 size and sequence analyses, and compared to those present in fresh tumor tissue. Interestingly, our studies demonstrated that the CTL clones identified in vitro were selectively expanded in vivo at the tumor site as compared to autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results further provide evidence that an immune response may take place in NSCLC and that effector T cells may contribute to tumor regression.
Control of Stahle Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) with a Unique Nitrogen Fertilizer, Calcium Cyanamide (1986)

Calcium cyanamide fertilizer at 0.75% resulted in 100% control of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), larvae in field tests in a medium similar to that of feedlot waste or dairy barn waste. This is the first report of the effect of calcium cyanamide fertilizer on stable fly breeding. The treatment was as effective in warm August weather as during cooler October weather. Control of stable flies was not due to an increase in nitrogen, because neither urea nor ammonium nitrate at the same or twice the concentration (nitrogen content) of calcium cyanamide fertilizer caused significant mortality. Laboratory tests indicated an LC50, of 0.368% for the calcium cyanamide fertilizer against stable fly larvae.
The role of danazol in the treatment of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A report of 22 cases. (1990)

We treated 22 patients with refractory idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with Danazol (generic name). Median age was 57 (1 child aged 11, and 21 adults aged 18 to 77). Patients were refractory to or had contraindication to therapy by prednisone and splenectomy. Several patients had already received other treatments. All patients received Danazol at a daily dose of 600 mg/day for at least 2 months (except the child who received 400 mg/day), and other treatments for ITP were discontinued when Danazol was started. Two patients achieved complete remissions (CR), one partial remission (PR) and four had minor responses (MR). The remaining 15 patients had no response (NR). One of the complete responses lasted 34 months, but was dependent on daily maintenance doses of Danazol of 400 mg or more. One partial responder remained so after seven months, four months following the discontinuation of Danazol. All other responders relapsed within three months, while receiving Danazol 600 mg/day. The drug was generally well tolerated, with few side effects. Danazol, when used as a single drug in refractory ITP, therefore had limited benefit in our experience.
Study of Minimum Box-Counting Method for image fractal dimension estimation (2008)

Difference box-counting method (DBCM) was used for partial discharge (PD) gray intensity image fractal dimension estimation, however, ldquoempty boxrdquo may exist and lead to a larger box-number than normal over fractal surface, therefore it is not universal to fractal dimension estimation for digital images, especially when the surfaces vary a lot. The Minimum Box-Counting Method (MBCM) is proposed for fractal dimension estimation and the piecewise hunting method for searching fractal scale independent range are presented. The fractal examples of gas insulation switchgear (GIS)PD gray image and typical Brodatz texture image approve the effectiveness of the method.
Structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. II. Isolation and characterization. (1982)

Avian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been isolated from 249,000 chicken hypothalami and shown to differ structurally from mammalian hypothalamic LH-RH. Purification was achieved by acetic acid extraction, anti-LH-RH affinity chromatography, and cation exchange and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated peptide eluted as a single peak on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of the peptide yielded integral molar ratios of amino acids and a composition identical with that of mammalian decapeptide LH-RH, except for the presence of an additional glutamic acid residue and the absence of arginine. The isoelectric point of chicken LH-RH (7.3) is consistent with the glutamic acid representing a glutamine residue. We therefore synthesized [Gln8]LH-RH and established that it has chromatographic properties identical with natural chicken LH-RH. These studies indicate that the structure of chicken hypothalamic LH-RH is: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Gln-Pro-Gly-NH2.
Abstract 17217: ActRIIA-Fc Rebalances Activin/GDF and BMP9 Signaling to Attenuate Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension (2018)

Introduction: Therapies targeting the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) might modify the natural history of disease. The genetics of heritable PAH implicate deficient BMP signaling as a pathogenetic driver. Lung tissues from experimental and human PAH exhibit deficient BMP &amp; excessive TGFβ signaling. While previous studies suggest agonism of BMP9 signaling or inhibition of TGFβ signaling may prevent experimental PH, the roles of activin and growth and differentiation factor (GDF) ligand signaling are unclear. ACTRIIA-Fc (sotatercept) is an activin- and GDF8/11-specific ligand trap currently in Phase 2 studies for anemia and multiple myeloma. Hypothesis: ACTRIIA-Fc inhibits activin and GDF8/11 signaling in vascular cells to attenuate experimental PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Methods: Impact of ACTRIIA-Fc on BMP &amp; TGFβ signaling was examined in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (PMVEC) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). ACTRIIA-Fc (15 mg/kg s.c. 2x/week), sildenafil (30 mg/kg p.o. BID) or vehicle were given prophylactically for 4 weeks to rats developing PH following a single injection of MCT (40 mg/kg s.c.), or via single injection of SU5416 (200 mg/kg s.c.) combined with hypoxia (FIO2=0.10, SU-Hx). Alternately, rats were allowed to develop PH following SU-Hx treatment for 3 weeks or MCT treatment for 4 weeks, and then treated with ACTRIIA-Fc (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg s.c. 2x/week) or isotype-matched control antibody (3 weeks under normoxia following SU-Hx, or 2 weeks following MCT). Invasive hemodynamics, RV mass and vascular remodeling were assessed. Results: In PMVEC, ACTRIIA-Fc enhanced BMP9-induced SMAD1/5/8 activation and transcriptional activity, and reversed inhibition of BMP9 signaling by GDF11. ACTRIIA-Fc inhibited GDF8-, GDF11- and activin A-mediated SMAD2 phosphorylation and myogenic differentiation of PASMC. In vivo , a standard dose of ACTRIIA-Fc prevented PH, RV hypertrophy and PV remodeling in MCT- and SU-Hx-rats, with more potency than sildenafil. All doses of ACTRIIA-Fc attenuated PH and RV hypertrophy when given in a delayed fashion after MCT- and SU-Hx-treatment, with graded effects on PV remodeling. Conclusions: ACTRIIA-Fc rebalances GDF11 vs. BMP9 signaling, with distinct effects in vascular endothelium vs. media, and potently inhibits experimental PH in several rodent models. Given its well-defined tolerability, dosing, and efficacy in previous human studies, ACTRIIA-Fc is an attractive candidate for PAH as a novel, mechanism-targeted therapy.
The asialoglycoprotein receptor clears glycoconjugates terminating with sialic acidα2,6GalNAc (2005)

Endogenous ligands have not, to date, been identified for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), which is abundantly expressed by parenchymal cells in the liver of mammals. On the basis of the rapid clearance of BSA bearing multiple chemically coupled sialic acid (Sia)alpha2,6GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,2Man tetrasaccharides (SiaGGnM-BSA) from the circulation, and the ability of the ASGP-R hepatic lectin-1 subunit to bind SiaGGnM-BSA, we previously proposed that glycoproteins modified with structures terminating with Siaalpha2,6GalNAc may represent previously unrecognized examples of endogenous ligands for this receptor. Here, we have taken a genetic approach using wild-type and ASGP-R-deficient mice to determine that the ASGP-R in vivo does indeed account for the rapid clearance of glycoconjugates terminating with Siaalpha2,6GalNAc. We have also determined that the ASGP-R is able to bind core-substituted oligosaccharides with the terminal sequence Siaalpha2,6Galbeta1,4GlcNAc but not those with the terminal Siaalpha2,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc. We propose that glycoproteins bearing terminals Siaalpha2,6GalNAc and Siaalpha2,6Gal are endogenous ligands for the ASGP-R, and that the ASGP-R helps to regulate the relative concentration of serum glycoproteins bearing alpha2,6-linked Sia.
Inflammation, Adenoma and Cancer: Objective Classification of Colon Biopsy Specimens with Gene Expression Signature (2008)

Gene expression analysis of colon biopsies using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays can contribute to the understanding of local pathophysiological alterations and to functional classification of adenoma (15 samples), colorectal carcinomas (CRC) (15) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (14). Total RNA was extracted, amplified and biotinylated from frozen colonic biopsies. Genome-wide gene expression profile was evaluated by HGU133plus2 microarrays and verified by RT-PCR. We applied two independent methods for data normalization and used PAM for feature selection. Leave one-out stepwise discriminant analysis was performed. Top validated genes included collagenIValpha1, lipocalin-2, calumenin, aquaporin-8 genes in CRC; CD44, met proto-oncogene, chemokine ligand-12, ADAM-like decysin-1 and ATP-binding casette-A8 genes in adenoma; and lipocalin-2, ubiquitin D and IFITM2 genes in IBD. Best differentiating markers between Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were cyclin-G2; tripartite motif-containing-31; TNFR shedding aminopeptidase regulator-1 and AMICA. The discriminant analysis was able to classify the samples in overall 96.2% using 7 discriminatory genes (indoleamine-pyrrole-2,3-dioxygenase, ectodermal-neural cortex, TIMP3, fucosyltransferase-8, collectin sub-family member 12, carboxypeptidase D, and transglutaminase-2). Using routine biopsy samples we successfully performed whole genomic microarray analysis to identify discriminative signatures. Our results provide further insight into the pathophysiological background of colonic diseases. The results set up data warehouse which can be mined further.
PEMC-based Method of Measuring DNA Hybridization at Femtomolar Concentration Directly in Human Serum and in the Presence of Copious Noncomplementary Strands (2007)

Piezoelectric-excited, millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors having high-mode resonance near 1 MHz are shown to exhibit mass change sensitivity of 1-300 ag/Hz. Gold-coated PEMC sensors immobilized with 15-mer single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were exposed to 10-mer complementary strands at concentrations of 1 fM, 1 pM, and 1 microM, both separately and sequentially at 0.6 mL/min in a sample flow cell housing the sensor. Decrease in resonance frequency occurred as complementary strands hybridized to the immobilized probe DNA on the sensor surface. Hybridization in three background matrixes--buffer, buffer containing 10,000 times higher noncomplementary strands, and 50% human plasma--were successfully tested. Sensor hybridization responses to 1 fM, 1 pM, and 1 microM complementary strand were nearly the same in magnitude in all three matrixes, but the hybridization rates were different. In each case, the sensor detected the presence of 2 amol of complementary 10-mer strand. The extent of hybridization calculated from resonance frequency change did not decrease in serum. The findings suggest ssDNA can be detected at 2 amol without a sample preparation step and without the use of labeled reagents.
Electromagnetic Casing Inspection Tool for Corrosion Evaluation (2011)

Abstract Pipe corrosion is a natural phenomenon in the harsh environment of oil and gas production wells, costing billions of dollars each year. Monitoring such corrosion allows for timely mitigation to prevent leaks, environmental damage, or catastrophic failures. Corrosion of pipes is inferred from measurement of internal diameter and wall thickness. Mechanical finger calipers provide a high-resolution image of the internal pipe surface. Ultrasonic tools measure both the internal diameter and thickness of a single pipe, providing the pipe is filled with a fluid. Production tubing is a barrier to caliper, ultrasonic, and flux-leakage electromagnetic tools, preventing the assessment of outer casings. Remote-Field Eddy-Current (RFEC) tools respond to the total metal thickness of all the combined casings. The measurement is valid in single and multiple casing strings and is largely insensitive to the kind of material filling the pipe. This paper presents a new slim electromagnetic (EM) imaging tool enabling casing assessment without removing the production tubing. The tool excites eddy-currents in the tubulars using a powerful low-frequency solenoidal transmitter. Distribution and strength of the eddy-currents depend on the geometric properties of the casings, their EM properties, and the presence of defects. The tool operates in the RFEC regime using large transmitter-receiver spacings, in which the measurements directly determine the total metal thickness. Mandrel-mounted coils provide the average total metal thickness, and eighteen small pad sensors around the tool provide an image of local pipe wall metal loss. The combination of low- and high-frequency images, together with the average total metal thickness, provides a quantitative, high-resolution assessment of pipe condition. Log examples show detection of casing joints, additional casings strings, and presence of corrosion damage in the low- and high-frequency images. Introduction Corrosion is a relentless process with electrochemical, chemical or mechanical origins that is difficult to slow down: it is a 'silent killer' (Acuña 2010). In the oil and gas industry corrosion monitoring is used to assess the well condition as a basis for planning intervention and mitigation strategies. Among all the high-technology systems and equipment that are installed in oil and gas production wells, the corrosion of well casings causes the most problems. Apparently stable casing can suddenly develop a leak that may be the first evidence of a severely corroded section that left untreated may force abandonment of the well in the near future.
Study of porous glass doped with quantum dots or laser dyes under alpha irradiation (2006)

We demonstrate that nanocomposite materials based on semiconductor quantum dots have potential for radiation detection via scintillation. While quantum dots and laser dyes both emit in the visible range at room temperature, the Stokes shift of the dyes is significantly larger. The scintillation output of both systems was studied under alpha irradiation and interpreted using a combination of energy loss and photon transport Monte Carlo simulation models. The comparison of the two systems, which allows the quantification of the role played by the Stokes shift in the scintillation output, opens up exciting possibilities for a new class of scintillators that would take advantage of the limitless assembly of nanocrystals in large, transparent, and sturdy matrices.