gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Scaffolds Using Multiple Orthogonal Conjugations: Applications in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (2012)

Heteromultifunctional scaffolds that harness sequential "click" reactions will find significant utility in the areas of chemical biology and chemically enabled/enhanced biotherapeutics ("chemologics"). Here we review the existing synthetic technologies that illustrate the considerable potential of the field.
Phosphine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 6-Substituted 2-Pyrones:  Manifestation of E/Z-Isomerism in the Zwitterionic Intermediate (2005)

[reaction: see text] We report a one-step phosphine-catalyzed annulation between aldehydes and ethyl allenoate to form 6-substituted 2-pyrones. The mechanistic rationale for this reaction requires explicit discussion of the E/Z-isomerism of the zwitterionic intermediate formed by the addition of a phosphine to the allenoate. Sterically demanding trialkylphosphines facilitate the shift of equilibrium toward the E-isomeric zwitterion and lead to the formation of 6-substituted 2-pyrones. Various aromatic as well as aliphatic aldehydes undergo the transformation in moderate to excellent yield.
Prospective randomized evaluation of two methods of drawing coagulation studies from heparinized arterial lines. (1985)

To establish a standardized protocol of obtaining coagulation studies from arterial lines without heparin contamination, two methods were evaluated in a prospective randomized fashion for accuracy by comparing PT and aPTT results with simultaneous samples drawn by venipuncture. Fifty paired samples were obtained, 25 by method A and 25 by method B, from critically ill patients in the surgical intensive care unit at City of Memphis Hospital. Analyses of PT and aPTT from these samples revealed a close statistical correlation with the venous controls and no clinically significant difference between the samples.
Carboxymethylproline synthase catalysed syntheses of functionalised N-heterocycles (2010)

The utility of wild-type and variant carboxymethylproline synthases for biocatalysis was demonstrated by preparing functionalised 5-, 6- and 7-membered N-heterocycles from amino acid aldehydes and (alkylated) malonyl-coenzyme A derivatives; the N-heterocycles produced were converted to the corresponding bicyclic beta-lactams by a carbapenem synthetase.
Dorsal column stimulation for control of pain (1972)

✓ Thirty patients with chronic intractable pain have had dorsal column implants and a trial of subsequent electrical self-stimulation to relieve the pain. Burning pain originating from damage to the CNS was most often relieved, while chronic bone, joint, and disc pain responded less well. Patients with severe psychiatric factors should be excluded, but preoperative selection is still difficult because of the lack of objective clinical tests. The long-term effect of the implant on the tissues of the dorsal column is still unknown and requires further evaluation. Although relief of pain has been reported for as long as 3 years, much longer follow-ups are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this system in patients with chronic pain. Direct stimulation of the spinal cord raises a number of interesting questions in regard to perception and sensory phenomena in man but, as yet, there are no answers as to how dorsal column stimulation effects its relief of pain.
Breathing Life into Polycations:  Functionalization with pH-Responsive Endosomolytic Peptides and Polyethylene Glycol Enables siRNA Delivery (2008)

The lack of efficient delivery systems is still limiting the full therapeutic potential of siRNA. For the purpose of nucleic acid transfer, among other synthetic carrier systems, polycations have been applied. Favorable characteristics of suitable polymers include nucleic acid binding, compaction, protection, and biocompatibility. However the lack of nucleic acid transfer activity in transfection-based screening often abandons promising candidates. Here we present that functionalization may turn polycations with poor delivery activity into efficient carriers: for example, polylysine, on its own lacking nucleic acid transfer activity, displayed high efficiency in siRNA delivery after modification with polyethylene glycol and a pH-responsive endosomolytic peptide. Hence these findings have implication for the selection process of polymeric carriers for siRNA.
Haematopoietic Radioprotection by Cremophor EL: A Polyethoxylated Castor Oil (1995)

The polyethoxylated castor oil, Cremophor EL (Cremophor) is approved for human use as a vehicle for oral and intravenous administration of water-insoluble compounds. Cremophor has also previously been shown to reverse the multidrug resistance phenotype at clinically acceptable doses. This study demonstrates that doses of Cremophor in the range of 25-50 microliters/kg intravenously (i.v.) administered 1 day prior to near-lethal irradiation protected the regenerative capacity of the marrow, resulting in haematopoietic radioprotection and long-term survival of near-lethally-irradiated mice. In normal mice, Cremophor administration (1) markedly reduced the level of serum haematopoietic inhibitory activity 4-8 h following injection; (2) resulted in a transient decrease in femoral bone marrow cellularity and upregulated B220 (B cells), and 7/4 (neutrophils and activated macrophages), but not Thy-1 (T-cells) surface antigen expression in bone marrow cells within 24 h of injection; and (3) transiently elevated the incidence of both primitive and committed haematopoietic progenitor cells detected in clonal agar culture within 48 h of injection. Bone marrow progenitor cell content, and peripheral blood white cell, platelet and reticulocyte counts were unaffected. This suggests that the haematopoietic radioprotection and recovery observed in irradiated mice pretreated with Cremophor may be the result of accessory cell activation and/or modulation of accessory factors regulating haematopoietic progenitor cells. Our data suggest a potential clinical use of Cremophor as an adjunct to, or as a substitute for, cytokines to minimize myelosuppression following cytotoxic therapy.
A detailed and flexible cycle-accurate Network-on-Chip simulator (2013)

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are becoming integral parts of modern microprocessors as the number of cores and modules integrated on a single chip continues to increase. Research and development of future NoC technology relies on accurate modeling and simulations to evaluate the performance impact and analyze the cost of novel NoC architectures. In this work, we present BookSim, a cycle-accurate simulator for NoCs. The simulator is designed for simulation flexibility and accurate modeling of network components. It features a modular design and offers a large set of configurable network parameters in terms of topology, routing algorithm, flow control, and router microarchitecture, including buffer management and allocation schemes. BookSim furthermore emphasizes detailed implementations of network components that accurately model the behavior of actual hardware. We have validated the accuracy of the simulator against RTL implementations of NoC routers.
Molecular Basis for Interactions of the DnaK Chaperone with Substrates (2000)

Hsp70 chaperones assist a large variety of protein folding processes in the cell by transient association with short peptide segments of proteins. The substrate binding and release cycle is driven by the switching between the low affinity ATP bound state and the high affinity ADP bound state of Hsp70. Considerable progress has been made recently by the identification of in vivo substrates for the Escherichia coli homolog, DnaK, and the molecular mechanisms which govern the DnaK-substrate interactions. Here we review the processes that generate DnaK substrates in vivo and the properties of these substrates, and we describe insights gained from structural and kinetic analysis of DnaK-substrate interaction.
A nuclear factor containing the leucine-rich repeats expressed in murine cerebellar neurons. (1994)

A nuclear protein, termed leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP), has been isolated from among rat cerebellar proteins whose expression was transiently increased during an early stage of postnatal development. The amino acid sequence, deduced from its cDNA, showed that LANP contains 247 amino acids consisting of two distinct structural domains: the N-terminal domain characterized by "leucine-rich repeat," which is found in many eukaryotic proteins and which potentially functions in mediating protein-protein interactions, and the C-terminal domain characterized by a cluster of acidic amino acids with a putative nuclear localization signal. Immunohistochemical study using an antibody against LANP revealed that the protein is localized mainly in nuclei of Purkinje cells. In the rat cerebellum on postnatal day 7, LANP mRNA was expressed moderately in the external granule and Purkinje cells and weakly in the internal granule cells. The expression in these cells, especially in Purkinje cells, increased in the second postnatal week and thereafter decreased to an adult level. The structural characteristics, localization, and the stage- and cell type-specific expression suggest a potential role of LANP in a signal transduction pathway that directs differentiation of cerebellar neurons.
“Virtual fixtures”: perceptual overlays enhance operator performance in telepresence tasks (1994)

Virtual Reality and Telepresence systems are human interface platforms which immerse users in environments other than the direct physical surroundings. Operator performance within such immersive environments is generally poor. The typical design strategy for improving the effectiveness of immersive systems has been to increase the physical accuracy of the representation. Most telepresence research has focused on increasing the fidelity of the link between the operator and the remote site. Most Virtual Reality research has focused on increasing the realism of the representation. Although enhanced physical accuracy can improve human activity in a simulated reality, such work often leads to ineffective or inefficient designs due to misunderstandings about the nature and content of reality. This dissertation takes a step back, asks basic questions about the nature of reality, and proceeds with an alternative approach to designing effective immersive systems.
When developing immersive environments, designers often slip into naive realism in which they wrongfully equate reality with the physical properties of their surroundings. The design methodology introduced here, Design-for-Perception, proposes that reality is a perceptual rather than physical realm. It asks designers to maintain a strict separation in their thinking between the physical and perceptual worlds. Once designers accept that humans only have access to a highly abstract perceptual representation of their surroundings, they can produce more effective and efficient immersive environments by directly designing for perceptual reality.
Application of the Design-for-Perception methodology has led to an innovative method of enhancing operator performance in telepresence environments. The traditional approach to improving teleoperator performance has been to increase the fidelity (physical accuracy) of the link between operator and remote environment. An alternative solution implied by Design-for-Perception is to enhance operator performance by directly embellishing the user's perceptual reality. Perceptual-Overlays are defined as abstract perceptual cues which are introduced into a user's perceptual reality as virtual constructs overlaid on top of the information reflected from the remote site. Because the notion of perceptual overlays is difficult to conceptualize, the Virtual Fixture metaphor was formulated to characterize these abstract percepts as concrete entities overlaid on the remote environment.
Efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the enhancement of rice growth (2009)

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and supplements. Here, we have isolated and characterized the PGPR from the rhizosphere soil of rice field for the enhancement of growth of rice. Rhizosphere soils were collected from different areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh. Ten isolates of bacteria, designated as PGB1, PGB2, PGB3, PGB4, PGB5, PGT1, PGT2, PGT3, PGG1 and PGG2, were successfully isolated and characterized. Subsequently, to investigate the effects of PGPR isolates on the growth of rice, a pot culture experiment was conducted. Prior to seeds grown in plastic pots, seeds were treated with PGPR isolates and seedlings were harvested after 21 days of inoculation. Isolates PGB4, PGT1, PGT2, PGT3, PGG1 and PGG2 induced the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), whereas only PGT3 isolate was able to solubilize phosphorus. Most of isolates resulted in a significant increase in plant height, root length, and dry matter production of shoot and root of rice seedlings. Furthermore, PGPR isolates remarkably increased seed germination of rice. Among the ten isolates, PGB4 and PGG2 were found almost equally better in all aspects such as dry matter production, plant height and root length of rice, and IAA production. Isolate PGT3 was also found to be promising in IAA production having an additional property of phosphate solubilization. The present study, therefore, suggests that the use of PGPR isolates PGB4, PGG2 and PGT3 as inoculant biofertilizers might be beneficial for rice cultivation as they enhanced growth of rice, and induced IAA production and phosphorus solubilization.
THE PERMEABILITY OF AN ACRYLAMIDE POLYMER GEL (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PERMEABILITY OF AN ACRYLAMIDE POLYMER GELMalcolm L. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1960, 64, 10, 1563–1565Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100839a055https://doi.org/10.1021/j100839a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1019Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The value of immunohistochemistry for CD14, CD123, CD33, myeloperoxidase and CD68R in the diagnosis of acute and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemias (2012)

A significantly increased number of CD14+ cells raises the possibility of a myelomonocytic neoplasm but does not distinguish between CMML and Mo-AML. Significantly increased numbers of CD68R IHC+ cells and a discrepant MPO-/CD33+ staining pattern are specific for Mo-AML but are best utilized in a comprehensive panel.
A microfluidic system for automatic cell culture (2007)

This study presents a new chip capable of automating the cell culture process by using microfluidic technology. This microfluidic cell culture system comprising microheaters, a micro temperature sensor, micropumps, microvalves, microchannels, a cell culture area and several reservoirs was fabricated by using micro-electro-mechanical-systems' fabrication processes. Traditional manual cell culture processes can be performed on this chip. A uni-directional pneumatic micropump was developed to transport the culture reagents and constraint the solutions to flow only in one direction, safeguarding the entire culture process from contamination. A new micro check valve was also used to prevent the culture solutions from flowing back into the microchannels. The microheaters and the micro temperature sensor were used to maintain a constant temperature during the cell culturing process. The pH value suitable for cell growth was also regulated during the cell culture process. A typical cell culturing process for human lung cancer cells (A549) was successfully performed to demonstrate the capability of the developed microfluidic system. This automatic cell culturing system can be eventually integrated with subsequent microfluidic modules for cell purification, collection, counting and lysis to form a cell-based micro-total-analysis system.
Extracellular matrix production regulation by TGF-beta in corneal endothelial cells. (1998)

The results of this study show that TGF-beta stimulates ECM production from corneal endothelial cells through TbetaR-I and Smad family transducers.
An Improved Method of Angle Detection on Digital Curves (1975)

This correspondence describes an improved method of detecting "angles"—i.e., maxima of the difference between successive nonoverlapping average slopes—on a digital curve. The method is similar to, but gives better results than, a method described in an earlier paper.
A new aigialosaur (Squamata: Anguimorpha) with soft tissue remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Nuevo León, Mexico (2008)

ABSTRACT A new aigialosaur is described from the lower Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Nuevo León State, Mexico, on the basis of the posterior half of an articulated skeleton. It is differentiated from other aigialosaurs by a unique combination of characters, including an absent ultimate rib preceded by six short ones, a single pygal vertebra, and an especially large tibia. The scales are uniform, smooth, rhomboidal, and arrayed in oblique rows, as in other aigialosaurs where they are known. Abdominal contents include 15 carbonate pebbles. Many of the features of the posterior presacral ribs and anterior caudal vertebrae are widespread in Anguimorpha, but the extreme elongation of the neural spines of the caudal vertebrae appears to unite described aigialosaurs, including the new species, with Mosasauridae. The new species provides further evidence that aigialosaurs may have had a more primitive pes than previously thought, whereas the pes in a number of dolichosaurs shows the loss of one phalanx in pedal digit V. The presence of this new species, the oldest aigialosaur described from North America, on a different continent from previously known aigialosaurs and in rocks representing the outer shelf suggests an underappreciated ability of primitive mosasauroids to move about in the open sea.
Hydrocarbon complexes of ruthenium. Part III. Reactions of cycloheptatrienes with ruthenium carbonyl (1975)

Cycloheptatriene reacts with [Ru3(CO)12] in heptane to give as major product the cluster complex [Ru3(CO)6(C7H7)(C7H9)], together with the compounds [Ru(CO)3(C7H10)], [Ru(CO)3(C7H8)], [Ru(CO)2(C7H8)], and [Ru2(CO)6(C7H8)]. The complex [Ru3(CO)6(C7H7)(C7H9)], which contains both a cycloheptadienyl ligand and a bridging cycloheptatrienyl ring, reacts with iodine or CX4(X = Cl or Br) to give the compounds [Ru(X)(CO)2(C7H9)](X = Br or l) and [Ru2(X)(CO)4(C7H7)](X = Cl, Br, or l). Both [Ru3(CO)6(C7H7)(C7H9)] and [Ru2(X)(CO)4(C7H7)] contain C7H7 rings which are fluxional down to –100°C. Substituted cycloheptatrienes 7R-C7H7(R = Me or Ph) yield analogous complexes [Ru3(CO)6(C7H6R)(C7H8R)] with [Ru3(CO)12]. These in turn give [Ru(I)(CO)2(C7H8R)] and [Ru2(I)(CO)4(C7H6R)] with iodine. The latter are fluxional with n.m.r. spectra which are limiting at low temperatures; this, together with a knowledge of the ground-state molecular structure of [Ru2(I)(CO)4(C7H6Ph)], allows an understanding of the degenerate process involved.
Identification of Hormonogenic Tyrosines in Fragment 1218-1591 of Bovine Thyroglobulin by Mass Spectrometry (1997)

A fragment of bovine thyroglobulin encompassing residues 1218-1591 was prepared by limited proteolysis with thermolysin and continuous-elution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS. The reduced and carboxymethylated peptide was digested with endoproteinase Asp-N and fractionated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The fractions were analyzed by electrospray and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in combination with Edman degradation. The post-translational modifications of all seven tyrosyl residues of the fragment were characterized at an unprecedented level of definition. The analysis revealed the formation of: 1) monoiodotyrosine from tyrosine 1234; 2) monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine, T4) from tyrosine 1291; and 3) monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, and dehydroalanine from tyrosine 1375. Iodothyronine formation from tyrosine 1291 accounted for 10% of total T4 of thyroglobulin (0.30 mol of T4/mol of 660-kDa thyroglobulin), and 8% of total T3 (0.08 mol of T3/mol of thyroglobulin). This is the first documentation of the hormonogenic nature of tyrosine 1291 of bovine thyroglobulin, as thyroxine formation at a corresponding site was so far reported only in rabbit, guinea pig, and turtle thyroglobulin. This is also the first direct identification of tyrosine 1375 of bovine thyroglobulin as a donor residue. It is suggested that tyrosyl residues 1291 and 1375 may support together the function of an independent hormonogenic domain in the mid-portion of the polypeptide chain of thyroglobulin.
Characterization of a Variant Prothrombin in a Patient Congenitally Deficient in Factors II, VII, IX and X (1980)

An 18-month-old child, who had no evidence of liver disease, malabsorption, or chronic ingestion of coumarin compounds, was found to have plasma deficiencies of factors II, VII, IX and X. Assays for factor II and X by immunological techniques (antibody neutralization and immunoelectrophoresis) revealed normal or elevated antigenic activity of these factors, suggesting the presence of abnormal protein variants in the patient's plasma. On two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's plasma in calcium, a normal and an abnormal population of prothrombin were seen. The abnormal prothrombin had a mobility more anodal than that of normal prothrombin, but less anodal than that of acarboxyprothrombin. The abnormal prothrombin, in contrast to acarboxyprothrombin, adsorbed readily to both aluminum hydroxide and barium citrate, and could be identified by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of a barium citrate eluate. We suspect that the abnormal variant represents a partially carboxylated prothrombin.