gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Endogenous Endothelin in Extension of Rabbit Myocardial Infarction (1993)

The role of endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1) in myocardial infarction was investigated in a rabbit ischemia-reperfusion model and in rabbit Langendorff hearts. AwETN40, a monoclonal antibody against ET-1, at 10 mg/kg i.v. inhibited hypertension and hypotension induced by ET-1 (0.3 nmol/kg i.v.): about 70-100% inhibition lasted for 24 h. In a coronary occlusion (30 min)-reperfusion (24 h) model, AwETN40 (10 mg/kg i.v.) reduced the infarct size from 60.9 +/- 4.6% (infarct region/ischemic region in weight, IgG1 kappa control; n = 5) to 37.1 +/- 5.2% (n = 5, p < 0.05). Plasma ET-1 levels were increased significantly by coronary occlusion-reperfusion and returned to control level 24 h after reperfusion. Effects of ET-1 on the coronary vessels and cardiac contractility were studied in the Langendorff heart. ET-1 increased the perfusion pressure from concentrations as low as 10 pM, whereas the developed left ventricular pressure was not altered. These results suggest that ET-1 decreases oxygen supply to the cardiac muscles by constricting coronary vessels and that this, in turn, worsens the ischemic condition of the heart to extend the infarct size.
Releasing the brakes of plant growth: how GAs shutdown DELLA proteins (2008)

Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones that promote important processes of plant growth and development, such as seed germination, growth through elongation, and floral transition. Thus, mutant plants that are affected in GA biosynthesis or signalling exhibit altered seed germination and, at the adult stage, are dwarf and dark green and also show delayed flowering. The components of the GA metabolism and signalling pathways are reviewed here and recent findings regarding the regulation and possible mode of action of DELLA proteins are discussed.
A new look at displacement factor and point of measurement corrections in ionization chamber dosimetry (1983)

A new technique is presented for determination of the effective point of measurement when cavity ionization chambers are used to measure the absorbed dose due to ionizing radiation in a dense medium. An algorithm is derived relating the effective point of measurement to the displacement correction factor. This algorithm relates variations of the displacement factor to the radiation field gradient. The technique is applied to derive the magnitudes of the corrections for several chambers in a p(66)Be(49) neutron therapy beam.
Critical role of IL-17 receptor signaling in acute TNBS-induced colitis (2006)

These results demonstrate that IL-17R signaling plays a critical role in the development of TNBS-induced colitis and may represent a target for therapeutic intervention for IBD.
Immunoglobulin M: Local Synthesis and Selective Secretion in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (1968)

Local synthesis seems to be decisive for the selective secretion of 19S immunoglobulin M into parotid secretions. The "transport piece" is apparently not involved in the secretion of immunoglobulin M, for there is no association between the two components. The possible significance of the normal association of transport piece with secreted immunoglobulin A remains to be clarified.
Synthesis of Elastin. A Rapid Formation of Lysine-derived Crosslinks by Chick Embryo Aorta (1976)

Aortas of 13-day-old chick embryo were labeled for 0.5 hr with [14C]lysine and subjected to a serial extraction after chase for 1-24 hr with [12C]lysine. Substantial radioactivity was found in insoluble elastin after 3 hr chase. The effect of beta-amino-propionitrile on labeling with [14C]lysine was also examined. Each fraction was hydrolyzed and applied to a short column on an amino acid analyzer. Radioactivity was found in desmosine and isodesmosine of insoluble elastin as early as 1 hr after the beginning of chase. The radioactivity increased rapidly at 2 hr and very slowly thereafter. A large count, which was separated into five peaks on a long column, was observed in other lysine derivatives at 2 hr and increased steadily up to 24 hr, while the lysine count decreased from 1 : 0.5 to 1 : 6 against lysine derivatives and from 1 : 0.04 to 1 : 0.9 against quarter-desmosine after 24 hr. The oxidation of lysine residues incorporated during the 0.5 hr pulse was almost completed during the first 1 hr of chase, and these oxidized residues were incorporated into crosslinks during the following 1 hr. It is suggested that poorly crosslinked elastin accumulated in the soluble fractions. The presence of crosslinking derived from lysine residues was also indicated in the microfibril fraction.
握管理探针 趟网络“雷区” (2006)

前些日子，天空不作美。窗外，浮尘笼罩大地，天空灰蒙蒙阴暗暗。 欧主管坐在窗前，望着窗外瞅着天空，想起自己整天就是”一会忙完这里，一会又跑到那里”在“瞎忙活”，情绪显得极坏，套用“一句流行”的话说，“那是相当的郁闷”。
Angular light scattering studies using low-coherence interferometry (2001)

A modified Michelson interferometer is used to measure path- length resolved angular distributions of light backscattered by turbid media. The path length resolution is obtained by exploiting the coherence properties of a broadband source. The angular distribution is mapped out using a simple optical system to scan the angle at which the reference field intersects the detector plane. Angular scattering distributions can be compared to Mie theory to determine the size and refractive index of spherical scatterers. Initial studies utilizing this system demonstrate the potential of low coherence interferometry for obtaining structural information using angular distributions.
Rapid Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Positive Blood Culture Bottles by Use of a Broad-Based PCR Assay Coupled with High-Resolution Melt Analysis (2010)

We evaluated a broad-based PCR assay coupled with high-resolution melt analysis for rapid bacterial identification in patients with bacterial sepsis. With a reference library of 60 clinically relevant bacterial species, 52 positive blood culture samples were tested. Our assay identified 46/52 samples at the species level, with 100% concordance to culture findings.
Multiplex genotyping of PCR products with MassTag-labeled primers (1997)

A simple mass spectrometric based assay, the PinPoint assay, has previously been described for typing single nucleotide polymorphisms. The identity of a polymorphism is determined by mass differences of single base extended genotyping primers as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A simple method for multiplexing the assay is described, employing multiple primers with 5'oligo(dT) sequences (MassTags) which serve to mass discriminate the peaks of multiple extended and non-extended primers. The assay is extremely rapid and requires no labeling reagents.
DROP IMPACT DYNAMICS: Splashing, Spreading, Receding, Bouncing… (2005)

The review deals with drop impacts on thin liquid layers and dry surfaces. The impacts resulting in crown formation are referred to as splashing. Crowns and their propagation are discussed in detail, as well as some additional kindred, albeit nonsplashing, phenomena like drop spreading and deposition, receding (recoil), jetting, fingering, and rebound. The review begins with an explanation of various practical motivations feeding the interest in the fascinating phenomena of drop impact, and the above-mentioned topics are then considered in their experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects.
Abstract 1633: Novel specific- and dual- tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors for tumor immunotherapy (2014)

Abstract Tryptophan catabolism mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is an central immune checkpoint mechanism that controls peripheral immune tolerance and tumor resistance to immune attack. The IDO pathway mediates immunosuppressive effects by expression of the IDO1 gene by tumor cells and/or host antigen presenting cells. Tryptophan depletion and generation of kynurenine generate downstream signals through GCN2, WARS, mTOR and AHR that ultimately lead to anergy of tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells and activation of Tregs. High expression of IDO correlates negatively with clinical prognosis in patients with a variety of malignancies. Recently, it has been described that tumors can also achieve immunosuppressive effects mediated by tryptophan degradation through expression of TDO, an enzyme functionally and structurally related to IDO1. Therefore, development of small molecules that can prevent tryptophan degradation mediated by IDO1, TDO or both is a prime goal for immunotherapy of cancer. Here we report the discovery of a novel class of imidazoisoindole-based compounds that show potent and selective inhibition of TDO and IDO1, as well as compounds that show potent dual inhibition of both TDO and IDO1. We present structure-activity relationship studies that explore the molecular determinants of potency and specificity for TDO and IDO1. Compounds of these classes were tested for activity in in vitro assays using purified recombinant human and murine TDO and IDO1 as well as in cells expressing IDO1 or TDO. Many of these compounds are 10-200 fold more potent (IC50 &amp;lt; 50 nM) than previously published TDO-specific inhibitors. The pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds are being investigated and lead optimization efforts are in progress. Citation Format: Mario R. Mautino, Richard A. Metz, Firoz Jaipuri, Jesse Waldo, Sanjeev Kumar, Agnieszka Marcinowicz-Flick, Hima Potturi, James T. Adams, Clarissa Van Allen, Nicholas N. Vahanian, Charles J. Link. Novel specific- and dual- tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors for tumor immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1633. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1633
QoS driven web services assessment and selection (2006)

With the proliferation of web services, it is becoming more and more imperative for customers when facing a lot of options to select the 'right' service providers that have the capability of performing similar tasks. In this paper, we propose a new Quality of Service (QoS) model, in which optimised QoS-Vectors are used to assess various web service providers. Furthermore, we show an efficient scheme based on this QoS model for locating appropriate web services under Remote Procedure Call (RPC) approach. A prototypical implementation of our scheme is presented in a business scenario. A simulation study is conducted to verify the performance of our proposed scheme.
Effect of age and preexisting antibody on serum antibody response of infants and children to the F and G glycoproteins during respiratory syncytial virus infection (1986)

The serum antibody response of 50 infants and children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was determined by a glycoprotein-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effects of age and preexisting antibody titer at the time of RSV infection on response to the G and F glycoproteins of RSV were examined. The immune response to the G and F glycoproteins was assessed with anti-human immunoglobulin A to permit measurement of the response of young infants in the presence of maternally derived immunoglobulin G. The findings suggested that age primarily affects the response to the F glycoprotein and that preexisting antibody titer affects the response to the G glycoprotein.
Somatic mutation in VH complementarity-determining region 2 and framework region 2: differential effects on antigen binding and Ig secretion (1997)

The extent to which somatic mutation impairs the Ig complementarity-determining region (CDR) and framework region (FRW) structure/function is not clear. Previously, we found that the VH CDR2 of the murine T15 Ab is highly sensitive to mutation; 56% (26 of 46) of Abs mutated in vitro had reduced or no Ag binding capability, and 9% were secretion impaired. Here we test whether the T15 VH CDR2 structure is unique by mutating the VH CDR2 of the anti-PC-protein murine Ab, PCG1-1. PCG1-1 VH is encoded by the M141 gene and is unrelated in sequence or structure to that of T15 VH1. The majority (54%, 20 of 37) of PCG1-1 mutants carrying one to five mutations in VH CDR2 had reduced or abolished Ag binding, while 10% were secretion impaired. Taken together, mutational analysis of the VH1 and VH M141 genes demonstrates that impaired binding and secretion may be common outcomes of CDR2 somatic mutation. We also tested the tolerance of the VH FRW2 of T15 to mutation, expecting this sequence-conserved region to be highly sensitive to alterations. However, FRW2 accommodated many nonconservative changes, and only 12% (3 of 25) of secreted mutants had impaired Ag binding. Moreover, mutations in FRW2 caused secretion defects in 24% (8 of 33), a frequency twice that of VH CDR2 mutants. A total of 16 unique secretion mutants have now been identified. These findings suggest that B cell losses from somatic mutation may be extensive and due to varied causes not all related to Ag binding.
Numerical simulation for freezing and thawing mammalian spermatozoa. Evaluation of cell injuries at different depths in bags or straws during all steps (2001)

A numerical simulation of freezing-thawing protocols applicable to mammalian spermatozoa is described and validated in the boar and the ram. Original aspects include: (1) the simulation of all steps of the technique from ejaculation to thawing, (2) the simulation of complex extenders really usable in field conditions and extender properties in non-ideal conditions, (3) the sequential extender changes within a protocol for simulation of dilutions, additions, etc. (4) the introduction of a new concept, the “molecular chicanes” which reconciles theoretical and experimental results, (5) the introduction of specific cell models and (6) the prediction of different cell injuries at various depths in flat and cylindrical plastic cryocontainers. The calculated data indicate when, where and why cells are affected during each step of the technique and can therefore help to increase the total number of living spermatozoa or to devise new techniques rapidly. For validation, calculated data are compared to experimental and literature results. In boars and rams, simulations and observations generally differ by less than 5%.
Minimization of Recombinant Human Flt3 Ligand Aggregation at the Tm Plateau:  A Matter of Thermal Reversibility (1999)

This study elucidates the importance of thermal reversibility as it pertains to the minimization of recombinant human Flt3 ligand aggregation and its potential role for determining solution conditions that can achieve the greatest long-term storage stability. Both thermal reversibility and Tm were evaluated as microcalorimetric parameters of stability within the range extending from pH 6 to 9, where the Tm was shown to plateau near 80 degrees C. Within this region, the reversibility was shown to decrease from 96. 6% to 15.2% while the pH was increased from 6 to 9, respectively. Accelerated stability studies conducted at 50 degrees C exhibited rates of aggregation augmented by pH that inversely correlated with the thermal reversibility data. Namely, high thermal reversibility at the Tm plateau correlated with slower rates of aggregation. Enthalpic calorimetric to van't Hoff ratios (DeltaH1/DeltaHv) yielded results close to unity within the plateau region, suggesting that the unfolding of rhFlt3 ligand was approximately two-state. Evidence that unfolding preceded the formation of the aggregate was provided by far-UV CD data of a soluble islolate of the aggregated product exhibiting a 28% loss of alpha-helix offset by a 31% gain in beta-sheet. This information combined with the thermal reversibility data provided compelling evidence that unfolding was a key event in the aggregation pathway at 50 degrees C. Minimization of aggregation was achieved at pH 6 and corroborated by evidence acquired from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion data. Correspondingly, the bioactivity was found to be optimal at pH 6. The findings link thermal reversibility to the propensity of Flt3 ligand to aggregate once unfolded in the Tm plateau region and provide a basis for relating the reversibility of thermal denaturation to the prediction of long-term storage stability in aqueous solution.
Chemical space and biology (2004)

Chemical space--which encompasses all possible small organic molecules, including those present in biological systems--is vast. So vast, in fact, that so far only a tiny fraction of it has been explored. Nevertheless, these explorations have greatly enhanced our understanding of biology, and have led to the development of many of today's drugs. The discovery of new bioactive molecules, facilitated by a deeper understanding of the nature of the regions of chemical space that are relevant to biology, will advance our knowledge of biological processes and lead to new strategies to treat disease.
Cytotoxicity of Fucoidan from Three Tropical Brown Algae Against Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines (2016)

Introduction: Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that has a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer. This polysaccharide commonly is extracted from marine brown seaweed. There is lack of information on the fucoidan extracted from tropical brown algae and its anti-cancer activity. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to purify fucoidan from Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. and Padina sp., and to evaluate their cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (WiDr). Materials and Methods: Fucoidan extraction was conducted by using acid extraction method. Purified fucoidans were obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and confirmed by HPLC and FT-IR spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp. showed low cytotoxicity with IC 50 ranging between 461-663 g/mL. Higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and WiDr was showed by fucoidan from Padina sp. with IC 50 of 144 and 118 g/mL, respectively. While its IC 50 against Vero cells was 501 g/mL.Standard fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus exhibited IC 50 of 60, 63 and 211 g/mL against MCF-7, WiDr and Vero Cells, respectively. Although the IC 50 was higher than that of standard fucoidan, Padina sp. fucoidan showed cytotoxicity comparable with standard fucoidan at concentrations below 100 g/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that Padina sp.fucoidan showed potential selective cytotoxicity, and promising for the development of an anti-cancer compound.
Stabilization of lyophobic colloids by hydrolyzed metal ions (1966)

The coagulation and reversal of charge of silver bromide and silver iodide sols (aged and in statu nascendi) by chromium (III) nitrate and hafnium tetrachloride has been investigated as a function of pH. Turbidity, mobility and adsorption measurements were performed and the results interpreted in terms of the hydrolysis of chromium(III) and hafnium ions.
Induction of CD8 T Cells against a Novel Epitope in TB10.4: Correlation with Mycobacterial Virulence and the Presence of a Functional Region of Difference-1 (2007)

Although infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) induces a robust CD8 T cell response, the role of CD8 T cells in the defense against M.tb, and the mechanisms behind the induction of CD8 T cells, is still not clear. TB10.4 is a recently described Ag that is expressed by both bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and M.tb. In the present study, we describe a novel CD8 T cell epitope in TB10.4, TB10.4(3-11). We show that TB10.4(3-11)-specific CD8 T cells are induced at the onset of infection and are present throughout the infection in high numbers. TB10.4(3-11) CD8 T cells were recruited to the site of infection and expressed CD44, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. In addition, TB10.4(3-11) CD8 T cells showed an up-regulation of FasL and LAMP-1/2 (CD107A/B), which correlated with a strong in vivo cytolytic activity. The induction of TB10.4(3-11)-specific CD8 T cells was less pronounced following infection with BCG compared to infection with M.tb. By using a rBCG expressing the genetic region of difference-1 (RD1), we show that the presence of a functional RD1 region increases the induction of TB10.4(3-11)-specific CD8 T cells as well as the bacterial virulence. Finally, as an M.tb variant lacking the genetic region RD1 also induced a significant amount of TB10.4(3-11)-specific CD8 T cells, and exhibited increased virulence compared with BCG, our data suggest that virulence in itself is also involved in generating a robust CD8 T cell response against mycobacterial epitopes, such as TB10.4(3-11).
Fresnel phase matching for three-wave mixing in isotropic semiconductors (2004)

We deal with phase matching of three-wave mixing by total internal reflection in isotropic semiconductors. This technique makes use of the large relative phase lag between the three interacting waves at total internal reflection, as described by Augustin Fresnel. This is why we denote this technique as Fresnel phase matching. The theory of Fresnel phase matching is developed with a propagation matrix method: It allows us to describe the conditions (sample thickness, polarization, tuning angles, etc.) for phase matching, the influence of surface roughness, and the walk-off effects due to Goos–Hänchen shifts. Moreover, we show that nonresonant phase matching strongly alleviates the phase-matching tolerance while keeping good conversion yields. The potential of this technique is demonstrated by largely tunable mid-infrared generation (between 7 and 13 μm with a single sample) by use of difference-frequency mixing of two near-infrared sources. Excellent agreement between the presented theory and experiments is demonstrated both in GaAs and ZnSe samples.
A Theory for the Surface Tensions and Contact Angles of Hydrogen-Bonding Liquids (2014)

The surface tensions of non-hydrogen-bonding, organic liquids can be accurately calculated from their electromagnetic properties, using an approximate form of the Lifshitz theory. A simple extension of this approach to the calculation of the surface tensions of hydrogen-bonding liquids is proposed. It is shown that the higher surface tensions of hydrogen-bonding liquids can be accounted for, with reasonable accuracy, by the increase in dispersion due to the shortened distance of approach between hydrogen-bonded atoms. Similar considerations allow calculations of contact angles on several low-energy solid surfaces in terms of molecular and electromagnetic properties. In accordance with well-known experimental observations, the calculated contact angles of both hydrogen-bonding and non-hydrogen-bonding liquids on the same low-energy surface nearly follow a single, smooth pattern.
BOOSTED TREES FOR ECOLOGICAL MODELING AND PREDICTION (2007)

Accurate prediction and explanation are fundamental objectives of statistical analysis, yet they seldom coincide. Boosted trees are a statistical learning method that attains both of these objectives for regression and classification analyses. They can deal with many types of response variables (numeric, categorical, and censored), loss functions (Gaussian, binomial, Poisson, and robust), and predictors (numeric, categorical). Interactions between predictors can also be quantified and visualized. The theory underpinning boosted trees is presented, together with interpretive techniques. A new form of boosted trees, namely, "aggregated boosted trees" (ABT), is proposed and, in a simulation study, is shown to reduce prediction error relative to boosted trees. A regression data set is analyzed using ABT to illustrate the technique and to compare it with other methods, including boosted trees, bagged trees, random forests, and generalized additive models. A software package for ABT analysis using the R software environment is included in the Appendices together with worked examples.