gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Lignin from CAD and OMT Deficient Bm Mutants of Maize (1997)

Internodes of the maize cell line W401 and bm1 and bm3 mutants expressed in W401 were harvested 5 days after anthesis (A5) and at silage (S) stage. The normal maize had a higher total phenolic (TP) content (80·5–90·5 g kg-1 cell wall DM) than both bm1 and bm3 mutants (74·4–86·4 and 66·0– 84·2 g kg-1 cell wall DM, respectively). TP were inversely related to cellulase digestibility with values of 85·4–91·5, 89·3–92·1 and 91·3–94·1% for normal, bm1 and bm3. Marked differences in p-coumaric acid concentrations were found ranging from 20·9 to 26·3 g kg-1 cell wall DM for normal, 14·9 to 15·3 g kg-1 for bm1 to 10·1 to 14·4 g kg-1 for bm3. The ferulate pattern was entirely different with the bm1 genotype providing the lowest total (9·1–10·7 g kg-1) and etherified (1·9–2·3 g kg-1) values. Although the bm3 contained more total ferulate (11·5–13·1 vs 10·9–11·7 g kg-1), the normal variety had a significantly greater amount of etherified ferulate (2·8–3·4 vs 3·2–4.1 g kg-1) implying a greater extent of cross-linking between wall polymers. Recovery of guaiacyl and syringyl residues was greatest in the normal maize with the bm1 occupying the middle position between the two extremes. Calculated S: G ratios from 4 M NaOH digestion and NMR were in good agreement with the normal line giving the highest ratio, bm1 intermediate and bm3 the lowest. Colorimetric analysis revealed a large increase in the aldehyde content of the in situ bm1 lignin compared to normal and bm3 genotypes although NMR failed to reveal significant numbers of aldehydic resonances. © 1997 SCI.
Evaluation of particulate embolic materials with MR imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and phase-contrast microscopy. (1997)

MFC and large PVA particles (250 to 500 microns) should be used for embolization of vascular anatomy involving potentially dangerous anastomoses. Gelfoam, PVA particles of 150- to 250-micron diameter, and PVA particles of 50- to 150-micron diameter are adequate for embolization involving homogeneous and peripheral anatomy.
Selective inhibition of platelet activation by the amyloid P-component of serum. (1983)

One component of amyloid, protein AP, has a characteristic pentameric structure and is identical with a 9.5s serum alpha 1-globulin designated serum amyloid P-component or SAP. Another pentameric molecule, the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP), shares major amino acid sequence homology with SAP although, in man, SAP is not an acute-phase reactant. Recently, we demonstrated that heat-aggregated CRP (H-CRP), like heat-aggregated IgG, activates platelets to reactions of aggregation, secretion, and generation of thromboxane A2. We report here that physiologic concentrations of SAP inhibit platelet aggregation stimulated by H-CRP. SAP must be present before platelet challenge with H-CRP to be effective. Native (unaggregated) CRP does not inhibit platelet activation induced by H-CRP, and the platelet inhibitory effect of SAP is restricted because platelet responses to each heat-aggregated IgG, acid-soluble collagen, DNA, ADP, and thrombin remain unaltered in the presence of SAP. Thus, human SAP seems to selectively modulate platelet reactivity to modified CRP, and as such to down-regulate at least one aspect of the biologic capacity of its acute-phase homologue.
I kappa B interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of the subunits of NF-kappa B: a mechanism for cytoplasmic retention. (1992)

NF-kappa B is an inducible transcription factor comprised of a 50-kD (p50) and a 65-kD (p65) subunit. Induction of NF-kappa B activity, which is a critical event in many signal transduction pathways, involves release from a cytoplasmic inhibitory protein, I kappa B, followed by translocation of the active transcription factor complex into the nucleus. Earlier studies suggested that I kappa B targets the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. However, we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo methods that the recently cloned I kappa B/MAD-3 interacts with both the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B, as well as c-Rel. Furthermore, an alternatively spliced, dimerization-deficient transforming variant of p65 (p65 delta) interacts extremely weakly with I kappa B/MAD-3, suggesting that dimerization is important for interaction. We demonstrate that the conserved nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) of NF-kappa B and c-Rel are the targets for I kappa B/MAD-3 interaction. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that I kappa B/MAD-3 expression retains both p65 and p50 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, and most important, a p65 that contains an SV40 large T antigen NLS in addition to its own NLS is no longer retained in the cytoplasm in the presence of I kappa B/MAD-3. We propose that I kappa B/MAD-3 masks the NLSs of NF-kappa B and c-Rel and that this constitutes the mechanism for cytoplasmic retention of these proteins.
Quaternary Ammonium Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid/Lithium Salt Binary Electrolytes: Electrochemical Study (2008)

To determine the properties of the quaternary ammonium cation room-temperature ionic liquid [-diethyl--methyl--(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (DEMETFSA)] used in lithium secondary battery electrolytes, the lithium ionic transport properties of electrolytes, the characteristics of the interface of a cathode and a metallic lithium anode, and battery performance were widely investigated. A DEMETFSA-LiTFSA binary electrolyte showed high chemical stability with lithium metal electrode and a relatively high lithium cationic transport number (0.13), as determined by electrochemical measurements. The prepared [ cathode∣DEMETFSA-LiTFSA binary electrolyte∣lithium metal anode] cell showed sufficient charge/discharge reversibility over (voltage range, ). Moreover, the reversibility of capacities and coulombic efficiencies degraded with increasing upper cutoff voltage owing to cathode/electrolyte interfacial degradation, which were analyzed in detail by impedance measurements.
Parathyroid Hormone and Mechanical Usage Have a Synergistic Effect in Rat Tibial Diaphyseal Cortical Bone (1999)

Previous reports showed that bone mass and architecture only partially recovered by remobilization (RM) after immobilization (IM)-induced osteopenia, and that parathyroid hormone (PTH) had an anabolic effect on the skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine whether low doses of PTH could restore IM-induced cortical bone loss and whether a combination of PTH plus loading (RM) treatment would be more effective than the PTH in unloaded (IM) limbs. One hundred and sixty 6-month-old rats were divided into aging and IM groups. The right hindlimb of the rat was immobilized by elastic bandage for 18 weeks, and then groups of rats were either kept IM or RM and treated with 30 microgram or 80 microgram of hPTH(1-38)/kg/day for 2, 10, and 20 weeks. Fluorescent-labeled, undecalcified cross-sections of right tibial shafts were studied. We found that RM for 20 weeks after 18 weeks of IM only partially recovered IM-induced muscle weight loss and PTH had no effect on muscle weight in either IM or RM limbs; that RM for 20 weeks after 18 weeks of IM partially restored some minimal cortical width by stimulating periosteal and endocortical bone formation and decreasing endocortical resorption; that PTH treatment of IM limbs completely restored IM-induced cortical bone loss and added extra bone by stimulating bone formation indices on all bone surfaces and depressing bone resorption on endocortical surface; that PTH treatment of RM limbs produced similar anabolic effects as in IM limbs with 30 microgram/kg/day dose but the 80 microgram/kg/day dose-treated limbs had a higher periosteal bone formation rate, which created a larger cross-sectional area, more cortical bone area, and a thicker cortex than the same dose treated IM limbs; and that PTH 80 microgram/kg/day treatment produced more anabolic effect than the 30 microgram/kg/day in both IM and RM limbs. We concluded that reloading the hindlimb by RM after long-term IM could not recover the cortical bone mass. PTH at employed doses was able to completely restore IM-induced cortical bone loss, and this effect was independent of mechanical stimulation. However, when PTH was combined with mechanical loading (RM), a synergistic anabolic effect on periosteal bone formation occurred which increased the cross sectional area that can increase bone strength.
Cell-free Co-expression of Functional Membrane Proteins and Apolipoprotein, Forming Soluble Nanolipoprotein Particles (2008)

Here we demonstrate rapid production of solubilized and functional membrane protein by simultaneous cell-free expression of an apolipoprotein and a membrane protein in the presence of lipids, leading to the self-assembly of membrane protein-containing nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs). NLPs have shown great promise as a biotechnology platform for solubilizing and characterizing membrane proteins. However, current approaches are limited because they require extensive efforts to express, purify, and solubilize the membrane protein prior to insertion into NLPs. By the simple addition of a few constituents to cell-free extracts, we can produce membrane proteins in NLPs with considerably less effort. For this approach an integral membrane protein and an apolipoprotein scaffold are encoded by two DNA plasmids introduced into cell-free extracts along with lipids. For this study reported here we used plasmids encoding the bacteriorhodopsin (bR) membrane apoprotein and scaffold protein Delta1-49 apolipoprotein A-I fragment (Delta49A1). Cell free co-expression of the proteins encoded by these plasmids, in the presence of the cofactor all-trans-retinal and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, resulted in production of functional bR as demonstrated by a 5-nm shift in the absorption spectra upon light adaptation and characteristic time-resolved FT infrared difference spectra for the bR --> M transition. Importantly the functional bR was solubilized in discoidal bR.NLPs as determined by atomic force microscopy. A survey study of other membrane proteins co-expressed with Delta49A1 scaffold protein also showed significantly increased solubility of all of the membrane proteins, indicating that this approach may provide a general method for expressing membrane proteins enabling further studies.
The Efficient Prevascularization Induced by Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 With a Collagen-Coated Device Improves the Cell Survival of a Bioartificial Pancreas (2004)

We demonstrated that our newly developed device has a superior ability to induce prevascularization in diabetic rats, and the prevascularization improves the initial cell survival of the implanted cells following transplantation.
Reproducible gene expression measurement among multiple laboratories obtained in a blinded study using standardized RT (StaRT)-PCR. (2001)

Because StaRT-PCR data are standardized and numerical and the method is reproducible among multiple laboratories, it will allow development of a meaningful gene expression database.
RealityFlythrough: enhancing situational awareness for medical response to disasters using ubiquitous video. (2005)

The first moments at a disaster scene are chaotic. The command center initially operates with little knowledge of hazards, geography and casualties, building up knowledge of the event slowly as information trickles in by voice radio channels. RealityFlythrough is a tele-presence system that stitches together live video feeds in real-time, using the principle of visual closure, to give command center personnel the illusion of being able to explore the scene interactively by moving smoothly between the video feeds. Using RealityFlythrough, medical, fire, law enforcement, hazardous materials, and engineering experts may be able to achieve situational awareness earlier, and better manage scarce resources. The RealityFlythrough system is composed of camera units with off-the-shelf GPS and orientation systems and a server/viewing station that offers access to images collected by the camera units in real time by position/orientation. In initial field testing using an experimental mesh 802.11 wireless network, two camera unit operators were able to create an interactive image of a simulated disaster scene in about five minutes.
Thymosin α1 (2007)

Thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1), initially isolated from thymus, was characterized by Allan Goldstein in 1977. Since the beginning, our studies were aimed at evaluating its immunomodulating effects when used in combination with cytokines and chemotherapy. Combination therapies have now proved to be effective in inhibiting tumoral growth and in controlling infective diseases especially in the immunocompromised host. More recent studies showed that Talpha1 molecule increased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-1 and Toll-like receptor expression as well as cytokine production, suggesting its immunoregulatory role. Overall these results led us to start pilot clinical trials on patients with hepatitis C and cancer.
Sensitization and Exposure to Indoor Allergens as Risk Factors for Asthma among Patients Presenting to Hospital (1993)

To investigate the role of indoor allergens in adult patients with acute asthma, we conducted a case-controlled study on patients presenting to an emergency room. One hundred and fourteen patients and 114 control subjects were enrolled over a 1-yr period in Wilmington, Delaware. Sera were assayed for total IgE, and for IgE antibodies to dust mites, cat dander, cockroach, grass pollen, and ragweed pollen. Dust was obtained from 186 homes and assayed for dust mite, cat, and cockroach allergens. IgE antibodies to mite, cat, and cockroach were each significantly associated with asthma, and this association was very strong among participants without medical insurance and among African Americans. Among 99 uninsured participants, sensitization to one of the indoor allergens (> 200 RAST units) was present in 28 of 57 asthmatics and in one of 42 control subjects (odds ratio, 39; confidence interval, 9.4 to 166). For cat and cockroach the combination of sensitization and presence of allergen in the house was significantly associated with asthma. Furthermore, there was a strong inverse relationship between IgE antibodies to cat and to cockroach, and the risk of this sensitization was in large part restricted to homes or areas with high levels of allergen. Thirty-eight percent of the asthmatics, but only 8% of the control subjects, were allergic to one of the three indoor allergens, and had high levels of the relevant allergen in their houses (odds ratio, 7.4; confidence interval, 3.3 to 16.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics (1994)

Electromagnetic Waves in Crystals. Electromagnetic Propagation in Periodic Media. Photorefractive Effects. Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Media. Photorefractive Resonators. Photorefractive Phase Conjugators. Diffraction Properties of Gratings in Photorefractive Media. Volume Holograms and Planar Holograms. Phase Conjugate Interferometry. Optical Computing. Other Applications. Higher Order Photo--Induced Gratings. Appendices. Indexes.
Imaging With Nature: Compressive Imaging Using a Multiply Scattering Medium (2014)

The recent theory of compressive sensing leverages upon the structure of signals to acquire them with much fewer measurements than was previously thought necessary, and certainly well below the traditional Nyquist-Shannon sampling rate. However, most implementations developed to take advantage of this framework revolve around controlling the measurements with carefully engineered material or acquisition sequences. Instead, we use the natural randomness of wave propagation through multiply scattering media as an optimal and instantaneous compressive imaging mechanism. Waves reflected from an object are detected after propagation through a well-characterized complex medium. Each local measurement thus contains global information about the object, yielding a purely analog compressive sensing method. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for optical imaging by using a 300-micrometer thick layer of white paint as the compressive imaging device. Scattering media are thus promising candidates for designing efficient and compact compressive imagers.
A new anthropomorphic robotic hand (2008)

This paper presents the new robotic FRH-4 hand. The FRH-4 hand constitutes a new hybrid concept of an anthropomorphic five fingered hand and a three jaw robotic gripper. The hand has a humanoid appearance while maintaining the precision of a robotic gripper. Since it is actuated with flexible fluidic actuators, it exhibits an excellent power to weight ratio. These elastic actuators also ensure that the hand is safe for interacting with humans. In order to fully control the joints, it is equipped with position sensors on all of the 11 joints. The hand is also fitted with tactile sensors based on cursor navigation sensor elements, which allows it to have grasping feedback and the ability for exploration.
cAMP analogs promote survival and neurite outgrowth in cultures of rat sympathetic and sensory neurons independently of nerve growth factor. (1988)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic agent for sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons both in vivo and in vitro. We report here that the membrane-permeant cAMP analogs, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP and 8-bromo-cAMP, can replace NGF in promoting long-term survival and neurite outgrowth in cultures of rat neonatal sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. N6-substituted analogs, including the more commonly used N6,O2'-dibutyryl-cAMP, are less efficacious. Additivity and switching experiments indicate that the cAMP analogs affect the same neuronal population as that maintained by NGF. However, unlike NGF, the cAMP analogs do not evoke somatic hypertrophy. Moreover, studies with sympathetic neurons reveal that the neurotrophic actions of the cAMP analogs, but not of NGF, are blocked by the axial diastereoisomer of adenosine 3',5'-phosphorothioate, a competitive cAMP antagonist. Thus, the mechanism by which cAMP analogs promote neuronal survival and differentiation appears to involve activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, whereas, in contrast, the same effects of NGF neither require nor are mediated by such a pathway. Furthermore, the different efficacies observed with N6- and C8-substituted cAMP analogs suggest that this neurotrophic pathway may involve differential activation of the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. The presence of this parallel, cAMP-responsive, neurotrophic pathway in at least two types of NGF-responsive neurons may be developmentally important and has the potential to be exploited for the treatment of injuries or diseases affecting these and possibly other nerve cells.
New sesquiterpene and triterpene from the fruits ofCryptomeria fortunei (2010)

A new sesquiterpene (1) and a new triterpene (2) along with 25 known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Cryptomeria fortunei (Taxodiaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
Perturbation of the Hydrophobic Core of Lipid Bilayers by the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 (2004)

LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide found in humans that kills cells by disrupting the cell membrane. To disrupt membranes, antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 must alter the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. Differential scanning calorimetry and deuterium ((2)H) NMR experiments on acyl chain perdeuterated lipids demonstrate that LL-37 inserts into the hydrophobic region of the bilayer and alters the chain packing and cooperativity. The results show that hydrophobic interactions between LL-37 and the hydrophobic acyl chains are as important for the ability of this peptide to disrupt lipid bilayers as its electrostatic interactions with the polar headgroups. The (2)H NMR data are consistent with the previously determined surface orientation of LL-37 (Henzler Wildman, K. A., et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 6545) with an estimated 5-6 A depth of penetration of the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix into the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer. LL-37 also alters the material properties of lipid bilayers, including the area per lipid, hydrophobic thickness, and coefficient of thermal expansion in a manner that varies with lipid type and temperature. Comparison of the effect of LL-37 on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC-d(31)) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC-d(54)) at different temperatures demonstrates the importance of bilayer order in determining the type and extent of disordering and disruption of the hydrophobic core by LL-37. One possible explanation, which accounts for both the (2)H NMR data presented here and the known surface orientation of LL-37 under identical conditions, is that bilayer order influences the depth of insertion of LL-37 into the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface of the bilayer, altering the balance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the peptide and the lipids.
Identification of 3-(Acylamino)azepan-2-ones as Stable Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitors Resistant to Metabolism in Vivo (2005)

3-(acylamino)glutarimides, a class of broad spectrum chemokine inhibitors, are rapidly hydrolyzed in serum, despite being stable in aqueous solution. Synthesis and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the proposed N-acyl-glutamate and -glutamine metabolites establish the enzyme-catalyzed breakdown pathways. In vitro assays suggest that despite their short half-life in vivo, the parent acylamino-glutarimides, not the ring-opened hydrolysis products, are the source of the antiinflammatory activity. Identification of this metabolic pathway has led to the development of 3-(acylamino)azepan-2-ones that are also broad spectrum chemokine inhibitors and act as stable, orally available powerful antiinflammatory agents in vivo with doses of 1 mg/kg.
Perceptual Coding of Narrowband Audio Signals (2001)

New applications such as Internet broadcast and communications, consumer multimedia products, digital AM broadcast and satellite networks are emerging, Those applications require moderate audio quality without annoying artifacts at bit rates below 16 kbit/s. Although speech coders provide high speech quality at bit rates around 8 kbit/s, they perform poorly when encoding audio signals. In this thesis, we present a novel transform coding paradigm based on the characteristics of the human hearing system. The proposed encoder, i.e., Narrowband Perceptual Audio Coder (NPAC), can accommodate a wide range of narrowband audio inputs without annoying artifacts at bit rates down to 8 kbit/s.