gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary flywheel energy storage system for quality power (1999)

With the development in the 1970s and 1980s of fibre-reinforced composite materials such as carbon, Arimid and glass fibres, interest in the potential of flywheels in energy storage systems was rekindled. The author describes how it is the use of these materials in combination that gave the technology a potential way forward.
The Presence of Cytokine‐Suppressive CD4+CD25+ T Cells in the Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

CD4+CD25+ T cells have been shown to play a regulatory or suppressive role in the immune response and are possibly relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the effects of CD4+CD25+ T cells on the in vitro cytokine production by stimulated SF mononuclear cells (SFMC). The results showed that RA patients had similar frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T cells in PB, expressed as a percentages of the lymphocyte population, as did healthy subjects (mean +/- SD: 10.52 +/- 5.87% versus 11.11 +/- 4.58%., respectively). But in contrast to PB, the SF of RA patients contained significantly higher levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells (17.77 +/- 7.92% versus 10.52 +/- 5.87%, respectively. P < 0.001). When cocultured in vitro with SFMC, CD4+CD25+ T cells purified from either PB or SF were found to exert a considerable suppressive effect on the production of cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The percentages of inhibition of each cytokines ranged from 41.8 to 98.4% (mean, 80.0%) for TNF-alpha, 42.8 to 98.9% (mean, 83.2%) for IFN-gamma and 59.3 to 96.6% (mean, 80.0%) for IL-10. Because both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by CD4+CD25+ T cells, whether CD4+CD25+ T cells might play a beneficial role in the suppression of sustained inflammation in rheumatoid synovium remains to be elucidated.
Synthesis of cis,syndiotactic ROMP Polymers Containing Alternating Enantiomers (2011)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of rac-endo,exo-5,6-dicarbomethoxynorbornene (inter alia) yields a cis,syndio,alt-polymer, one in which the sequential units in the cis,syndiotactic polymer consist of alternating enantiomers. Cis selectivity arises through addition of the monomer to produce an all-cis-metallacyclobutane intermediate, while syndioselectivity and alternating enantiomer structures arise as a consequence of inversion of configuration at the metal center with each metathesis step.
A Conserved α-Helical Motif Mediates the Interaction of Sp1-Like Transcriptional Repressors with the Corepressor mSin3A (2001)

Sp1-like proteins are defined by three highly homologous C(2)H(2) zinc finger motifs that bind GC-rich sequences found in the promoters of a large number of genes essential for mammalian cell homeostasis. Here we report that TIEG2, a transforming growth factor beta-inducible Sp1-like protein with antiproliferative functions, represses transcription through recruitment of the mSin3A-histone deacetylase complex. The interaction of TIEG2 with mSin3A is mediated by an alpha-helical repression motif (alpha-HRM) located within the repression domain (R1) of TIEG2. This alpha-HRM specifically associates with the second paired amphipathic helix (PAH2) domain of mSin3A. Mutations in the TIEG2 alpha-HRM domain that disrupt its helical structure abolish its ability to both bind mSin3A and repress transcription. Interestingly, the alpha-HRM is conserved in both the TIEG (TIEG1 and TIEG2) and BTEB (BTEB1, BTEB3, and BTEB4) subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins. The alpha-HRM from these proteins also mediates direct interaction with mSin3A and represses transcription. Surprisingly, we found that the alpha-HRM of the Sp1-like proteins characterized here exhibits structural and functional resemblance to the Sin3A-interacting domain previously described for the basic helix-loop-helix protein Mad1. Thus, our study defines a mechanism of transcriptional repression via the interactions of the alpha-HRM with the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex that is utilized by at least five Sp1-like transcriptional factors. More importantly, we demonstrate that a helical repression motif which mediates Sin3 interaction is not an exclusive structural and functional characteristic of the Mad1 subfamily but rather has a wider functional impact on transcriptional repression than previously demonstrated.
Bilateral Breast Cancer (2009)

A personal history of breast cancer is a well established risk factor for subsequent new primary breast tumors. The annual incidence is 0.5-1.0%, 2 to 6 times higher than the incidence of normal women in Western countries to develop primary breast cancer. The 10-year cumulative incidence is around 6-11%. The early age of diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, estrogen receptor status, lobular carcinoma histology, previous radiotherapy and a lack of tamoxifen treatment are thought to be risk factors of bilateral breast cancer. Our investigation also shows menopause, invasive lobular carcinoma, and previous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to be risk factors of developing bilateral breast cancer, and tamoxifen therapy to be a protective factor. Regarding prognosis, previous studies comparing survivals between Western women with bilateral and those with unilateral breast cancer have yielded inconsistent results. However, recent reports from a large Sweden cohort and our study have shown that women with metachronous bilateral breast cancer had a worse survival as compared with those with unilateral breast cancer and synchronous bilateral breast cancer. Taiwanese women had a poorer survival than Swedish women. Chemotherapy showed no significant effects on survival in Taiwanese women.
Recent insights into the role of Notch signaling in tumorigenesis (2005)

Members of the Notch family of transmembrane receptors play an important role in cell fate determination. Over the past decade, a role for Notch in the pathogenesis of hematologic and solid malignancies has become apparent. Numerous cellular functions and microenvironmental cues associated with tumorigenesis are modulated by Notch signaling, including proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. It is becoming increasingly evident that Notch signaling can be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive. This review highlights recent findings regarding the molecular and functional aspects of Notch-mediated neoplastic transformation. In addition, cellular mechanisms that potentially explain the complex role of Notch in tumorigenesis are discussed.
The resistance of fibrinogen and soluble fibrin monomer in blood to degradation by a potent plasminogen activator derived from cadaver limbs (1975)

Abstract The effect of a cadaver-derived vascular plasminogen activator (VA) on the degradation of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer, and fibrin was studied and compared with the effect of equivalent fibrinolytic potencies of streptokinase (SK), urokinase (UK), and plasmin. The proteolytic activity of the three activators and plasmin was determined by a standard fibrin plate assay and was expressed in CTA units from a UK reference curve. Fibrinogen degradation was measured by clottable protein determinations and by an electrophoretic technique sensitive to small changes in the molecular weight of fibrinogen. When VA was incubated in plasma, no degradation of fibrinogen occurred, whereas rapid fibrinolysis took place after the plasma was clotted. By contrast, equivalent potencies of SK, UK, and plasmin caused extensive fibrinogenolysis. Since the plasmin added and that formed by the three activators had equivalent fibrinolytic activity, the failure of VA to induce fibrinogen degradation was attributed to antiactivators rather than antiplasmins. VA activity in plasma was consumed by clotting, whereas the antiactivator activity remained in the serum, suggesting dissociation of the VA-antiactivator complex on the fibrin clot. Fibrinogen and its soluble derivatives resisted degradation by VA in plasma because a solid phase appeared necessary for the complex to dissociate. The findings indicated that the degradation of fibrinogen or soluble fibrin in blood as a result of plasminogen activation by VA was unlikely to occur due to a large excess of antiactivator activity. Alternative pathways for their catabolism are discussed.
Alteration of the sequence specificity of distamycin on DNA by replacement of an N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide with pyridine-2-carboxamide (1987)

Although there has been some encouraging success with regard to building synthetic molecules that bind large sequences of pure A,T-rich double-helical DNA, there has not been corresponding success in the development of well-understood G,C recognition. Progress in this area is an important component in an overall strategy of coupling G,C words and A,T words into sentences that uniquely recognize long sequences of right-handed DNA.
Tumor uptake of intravenously administered radiolabeled antibodies in ovarian carcinoma patients in relation to antigen expression and other tumor characteristics (1995)

Abstract To study factors that possibly influence the heterogeneous tumor uptake of radiolabeled antibodies, tissues from 34 ovarian‐carcinoma patients were obtained 2 to 8 days after i.v. injection with radiolabeled murine OV‐TL 3 or chimeric MOv 18 (cMOv18). The tumor uptake and the ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) were studied in relation to the histopathological classification, prior treatment, site of tumor, time interval, antigen expression, volume percentage of (malignant) epithelium in the tumor tissue, and the size of the tumor. The results of immuno‐scintigraphy were also included. In addition, autoradiography using storage phosphor technology was performed on tissue sections from patients injected with iodine‐labeled cMOv18. Tumor uptake varied largely, not only between patients, but also between tumor deposits within the same patient. Uptake of OV‐TL 3 F(ab') 2 was higher than of cMOv18 F(ab') 2 , but the T/NT ratios were similar. The antibody uptake was positively correlated with the pattern of antigen expression and inversely correlated with the time interval between injection and surgery. No correlation was observed with any of the other factors studied. The visibility with immunoscintigraphy was related to the size of the detected lesion, but not to the other factors studied. Autoradiography showed that antibodies preferentially localized in areas with cancer cells, which were immunohisto‐chemically positive for MOv18. In areas with weak antigen expression, autoradiography revealed less activity. The antigen expression by the tumor is an important factor for estimation of the tumor uptake of radiolabeled antibodies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum dot infrared photodetector enhanced by surface plasma wave excitation (2009)

Up to a thirty-fold detectivity enhancement is achieved for an InAs quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) by the excitation of surface plasma waves (SPWs) using a metal photonic crystal (MPC) integrated on top of the detector absorption region. The MPC is a 100 nm-thick gold film perforated with a 3.6 microm period square array of circular holes. A bare QDIP shows a bias-tunable broadband response from approximately 6 to 10 microm associated with the quantum confined Stark (QCS) effect. On the other hand, an MPC-integrated QDIP exhibits a dominant peak at 11.3 microm with a approximately 1 microm full width at half maximum and the highly enhanced detectivity at the bias polarity optimized for long wavelength. This is very different from the photoresponse of the bare QDIP but fully consistent with the direct coupling of the QDs in the detector absorption region to the SPWs excited at the MPC/detector interface by incident photons. The SPW resonance wavelength, lambda, for the smallest coupling wavevector of the array in the MPC is close to 11.3 microm. The response also shows other SPW-coupled peaks: a significant peak at 8.1 microm (approximately lambda/radical2) and noticeable peaks at 5.8 microm (approximately lambda/2) and 5.4 microm (approximately lambda/ radical5) which correspond to higher-order coupling wavevectors. For the opposite bias, the MPC-integrated QDIP shows the highest response at 8.1 microm, providing a dramatic voltage tunability that is associated with QCS effect. SPWs propagate with TM (x, z) polarization along the MPC/detector interface. The enhanced detectivity is explained by these characteristics which increase both the effective absorption cross section with propagation and the interaction strength with TM polarization in the coupling to the QDs. Simulations show good qualitative agreement with the observed spectral behavior.
PS-7—A New Bacterial Heteropolysaccharide (1977)

PS-7 is ananionic heteropolysaccharide produced by a strain of Azotobacter indicus in an aerobic fermentation. PS-7 is composed of glucose, rhamnose, and uronic acid in an approximate weight ratio of 6.6:1.5:1. The polysaccharide has an acetyl content of about 9%. Solutions of PS-7 are characterized by high viscosity and a high degree of pseudoplasticity. The polysaccharide has excellent solubility in sea water and even in brine containing 25% salt. PS-7 exhibits excellent temperature and pH stability and is compatible with a variety of salts. In the presence of Cr+++, PS-7 gum can be cross-linked at pH 9.0-9.5. These properties indicate that PS-7 will find wide utility in a variety of applications.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Sprouty Proteins Regulates Their Ability to Inhibit Growth Factor Signaling: A Dual Feedback Loop (2004)

Sprouty proteins are recently identified receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors potentially involved in many developmental processes. Here, we report that Sprouty proteins become tyrosine phosphorylated after growth factor treatment. We identified Tyr55 as a key residue for Sprouty2 phosphorylation and showed that phosphorylation was required for Sprouty2 to inhibit RTK signaling, because a mutant Sprouty2 lacking Tyr55 augmented signaling. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation of Sprouty2 affected neither its subcellular localization nor its interaction with Grb2, FRS2/SNT, or other Sprouty proteins. In contrast, Sprouty2 tyrosine phosphorylation was necessary for its binding to the Src homology 2-like domain of c-Cbl after fibroblast growth factor (FGF) stimulation. To determine whether c-Cbl was required for Sprouty2-dependent cellular events, Sprouty2 was introduced into c-Cbl-wild-type and -null fibroblasts. Sprouty2 efficiently inhibited FGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in c-Cbl-null fibroblasts, thus indicating that the FGF-dependent binding of c-Cbl to Sprouty2 was dispensable for its inhibitory activity. However, c-Cbl mediates polyubiquitylation/proteasomal degradation of Sprouty2 in response to FGF. Last, using Src-family pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative Src, we showed that a Src-like kinase was required for tyrosine phosphorylation of Sprouty2 by growth factors. Thus, these data highlight a novel negative and positive regulatory loop that allows for the controlled, homeostatic inhibition of RTK signaling.
Low-Leakage-Current DRAM-Like Memory Using a One-Transistor Ferroelectric MOSFET With a Hf-Based Gate Dielectric (2014)

The power consumption of capacitor leakage current, increase of the capacitor aspect ratio, and lack of higher dielectric constant (κ) material are the difficult challenges to downscaling dynamic random access memory (DRAM). This letter reports a new one-transistor ferroelectric-MOSFET (1T FeMOS) device that displays DRAM functions of a 5 ns switching time, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> on/off endurance cycles, and 30 times on/off retention windows at 5 s and 85 °C. A simple 1T process and a considerably low OFF-state leakage of 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> A/μm were achieved. This novel device was achieved by applying ferroelectric ZrHfO gate dielectric to a p-MOSFET, which is fully compatible with existing high-κ CMOS processing.
Medicinal Chemistry Approaches to the Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (2008)

Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) have emerged as an important new class of therapeutic agents for type two diabetes. Various medicinal chemistry approaches have been applied to this area and have resulted in the identification of numerous late-stage development compounds. The discoveries of several of the most advanced DPP-4 inhibitors are reviewed.
The T cell activation antigen CD27 is a member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor gene family (1991)

CD27 is a dimeric membrane glycoprotein found on the surface of most human T lymphocytes. Activation of T cells by engagement of the Ag receptor increases CD27 surface expression, and anti-CD27 antibodies augment Ag receptor-mediated T cell proliferation. In this study a cDNA-encoding CD27 was isolated by expression and immunoselection in COS cells. The predicted polypeptide was found to belong to a recently characterized family of cysteine-rich receptors whose known ligands include nerve growth factor and TNF-alpha and -beta. Structural similarities suggest that CD27 belongs to a lymphocyte-specific subgroup of the family, comprised of the B cell Ag CD40, the rat T cell subset Ag OX40, and the mouse T cell activation Ag 4-1BB. Recent studies suggest some of these molecules may play a role in the survival of activated cells.
Interaction of phenol red with estrogenic and antiestrogenic action on growth of human breast cancer cells ZR-75-1 and T-47-D. (1988)

Studies reported here confirm that the pH indicator, phenol red, acts as a weak estrogen and reexamine the significance of estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects on growth of the human breast cancer cell lines ZR-75-1 and T-47-D in the absence of phenol red. Removal of phenol red reduces but does not immediately eliminate cell growth in the absence of estradiol. Basal cell growth can be reduced for T-47-D cells and eliminated for ZR-75-1 cells by prior growth in the absence of steroid and phenol red for 3 weeks, demonstrating that estrogens can have long lasting effects on cells in culture (termed "steroid memory") and that there exist both cells which are responsive (T-47-D) and dependent (ZR-75-1) on estradiol for growth. Antiestrogen action in these cell lines is affected by at least four parameters: (a) presence of phenol red; (b) time in culture; (c) cell density; (d) steroid memory effects. At high cell density, antiestrogens suppress phenol red-stimulated activity but have little effect in the absence of phenol red. However, at low cell density in the absence of phenol red, tamoxifen has a biphasic action: initial weak stimulation, later inhibition. trans-Hydroxytamoxifen does not stimulate but inhibition increases with time in culture. Following deprivation for 3 weeks of phenol red and steroid, antiestrogen action on ZR-75-1 cells at low density became much more inhibitory. Such responses to antiestrogens are discussed in relation to possible autocrine/paracrine growth regulation of the cells. Clinical relevance is suggested.
N ε -(Carboxymethyl)lysine-Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Axis Is a Key Modulator of Obesity-Induced Dysregulation of Adipokine Expression and Insulin Resistance (2014)

RAGE-mediated CML accumulation in adipose tissue and the activation of the CML-RAGE axis are important mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of adipokines in obesity, thereby contributing to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Experimental study of the influence of anticipated control on human thermal sensation and thermal comfort (2013)

To investigate whether occupants' anticipated control of their thermal environment can influence their thermal comfort and to explain why the acceptable temperature range in naturally ventilated environments is greater than that in air-conditioned environments, a series of experiments were conducted in a climate chamber in which the thermal environment remained the same but the psychological environment varied. The results of the experiments show that the ability to control the environment can improve occupants' thermal sensation and thermal comfort. Specifically, occupants' anticipated control decreased their thermal sensation vote (TSV) by 0.4-0.5 and improved their thermal comfort vote (TCV) by 0.3-0.4 in neutral-warm environment. This improvement was due exclusively to psychological factors. In addition, having to pay the cost of cooling had no significant influence on the occupants' thermal sensation and thermal comfort in this experiment. Thus, having the ability to control the thermal environment can improve occupants' comfort even if there is a monetary cost involved.
A low cost flight simulator using virtual reality tools (2011)

A helicopter simulator is built using Head-Mount-Displays (HMD) and Data Gloves with trackers to test the viability of virtual reality tools in low-cost flight simulation. The simulator uses FlightGear as its simulation environment and an in-house developed UH-1H helicopter flight dynamics model. Running several clone simulations on different computers allowed stereo imaging on the HMD and instructor station applications. Data Gloves with trackers enabled interaction with the virtual cockpit.
Tenofovir, Adefovir, and Zidovudine Susceptibilities of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates with Non-B Subtypes or Nucleoside Resistance (2001)

New antiretroviral drugs with activity against strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with non-B subtypes and with resistance to current antiretroviral drugs are needed. The activity of two nucleotide analogs, tenofovir and adefovir (PMPA and PMEA, respectively), against non-B subtypes and nucleoside-resistant primary HIV-1 isolates was assessed. Tenofovir and adefovir were fully active against a panel of subtypes A, C, D, E, F, G, and group O primary HIV-1 isolates as compared with their respective activity against subtype B isolates. Moreover, the susceptibility of a panel of 10 primary HIV-1 isolates with >10-fold mean resistance to zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir was within 2.2-fold of wild-type tenofovir susceptibility for each isolate. An oral prodrug of tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF), is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. These in vitro susceptibility results suggest that tenofovir DF may be active in vivo against HIV-1 with nucleoside resistance as well as against HIV-1 with non-B subtypes.