gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the GABA analogue succinic semialdehyde in urine and cerebrospinal fluid by dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to SSADH deficiency (2005)

Succinic semialdehyde (SSA) accumulates in the inborn error of meta- bolism succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency owing to impaired enzymatic conversion to succinic acid. We developed a stable-isotope dilution liquid chromato- graphy-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of SSA in urine and cerebrospinal fluid samples. Stable-isotope-labelled [13C4]SSA, serving as internal standard, was prepared by reaction of ninhydrin with L-[13C5]glutamic acid. SSA in body fluids was converted to its dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivative, without sample purification prior to the derivatization procedure. The DNPH derivative of SSA was injected onto a C18 analytical column and chromatography was performed by isocratic elution. Detection was accomplished by tandem mass spectrometry operating in the negative multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The limit of detection was 10 nmol/L and the calibration curves over the range 0-500 pmol of SSA showed good linearity (r2 > 0.99). The intra-day coefficient of variation (n = 10) for urine was 2.7% and inter-day coefficient of variation (n = 5) for urine was 8.5%. The average recoveries performed on two levels by enriching urine and cerebrospinal fluid samples ranged between 85 and 115%, with coefficients of variation < 8%. The method enabled the first determination of normal values for SSA in urine and pathological values of SSA in urine and cerebrospinal fluid samples derived from patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Differential Effects of Protein Kinase C, Ras, and Raf-1 Kinase on the Induction of the Cardiac B-type Natriuretic Peptide Gene through a Critical Promoter-proximal M-CAT Element (1997)

The cardiac genes for the A- and B-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are coordinately induced by growth promoters, such as alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g. phenylephrine (PE)). Although inducible elements in the ANP gene have been identified, responsible elements in the BNP gene are unknown. In this study, reporter constructs transfected into neonatal rat ventricular myocytes showed that in the context of 2.5 kilobase pairs of native BNP 5'-flanking sequences, a 2-base pair mutation in a promoter-proximal M-CAT site (CATTCT) disrupted basal and PE-inducible transcription by more than 98%. Expression of constitutively active forms of Ras, Raf-1 kinase, and protein kinase C, all of which are activated by PE in cardiac myocytes, strongly stimulated BNP reporter expression. Isolated M-CAT elements conferred PE, protein kinase C, and Ras inducibility to a minimal BNP promoter, however, they did not confer Raf-1 inducibility. These results show that M-CAT elements can serve as targets for Ras-dependent, Raf-1-independent pathways, implying the involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and/or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, but not extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, the essential M-CAT element distinguishes the BNP gene from the ANP gene, which utilizes serum response elements and an Sp1-like sequence.
Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the fire ant venom protein Sol i II (1993)

For the first time the cDNA encoding a fire ant venom protein has been sequenced. Oligonucleotides were designed according to the amino acid sequence. The cDNA sequence was obtained by hybridizing these primers to mRNA and enhancement by the PCR technique. Comparison to the amino acid sequence of the venom protein shows a leader sequence 19 amino acids long.
Optimizing gene delivery vectors for the treatment of heart disease (2008)

Gene therapy via adenovirus and AAV vectors has developed into a promising option for the treatment of heart disease. The merits of gene therapy compared with emerging stem cell and microRNA-based treatments are discussed.
Early intervention in Alzheimer’s disease: a health economic study of the effects of diagnostic timing (2014)

Timeliness of intervention is likely to have an important impact on the cost-effectiveness of both current and future treatments. Healthcare policy should aim to optimise the timing of AD-dementia diagnosis, which is likely to necessitate detecting and treating patients several years prior to current clinical practice.
Error detection using linguistic features (2005)

Recognition errors hinder the proliferation of speech recognition (SR) systems. Based on the observation that recognition errors may result in ungrammatical sentences, especially in dictation application where an acceptable level of accuracy of generated documents is indispensable, we propose to incorporate two kinds of linguistic features into error detection: lexical features of words, and syntactic features from a robust lexicalized parser. Transformation-based learning is chosen to predict recognition errors by integrating word confidence scores with linguistic features. The experimental results on a dictation data corpus show that linguistic features alone are not as useful as word confidence scores in detecting errors. However, linguistic features provide complementary information when combined with word confidence scores, which collectively reduce the classification error rate by 12.30% and improve the F measure by 53.62%.
XI. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequencing and analysis of a 20·5 kb DNA segment located on the left arm of yeast chromosome XI (1994)

A 20.5 kb DNA fragment from the left arm of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been sequenced and analysed. Thirteen open reading frames (ORFs) for proteins longer than 100 amino acids were discovered. Among them, two are the known genes MRP49 and TPK3; two others encode proteins which show strong similarity with a yeast putative protein kinase and a yeast choline transport protein; one other shows weaker similarity with a yeast Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Moreover, two putative proteins encoded by ORFs located in the sequenced fragment are closely similar to non-yeast proteins: the Caenorhabditis elegans elongation factor 2 and a glutamic acid-rich protein of Plasmodium falciparum.
Efficacy and safety of conversion to monotherapy with eslicarbazepine acetate in adults with uncontrolled partial‐onset seizures: A randomized historical‐control phase III study based in North America (2015)

ESL was efficacious and well tolerated as monotherapy in North American patients, and led to a reduction in seizure frequency. Exit rates for ESL 1,600 and 1,200 mg QD were superior to the historical control; the difference in exit rates between doses was not statistically significant.
Cato's Mirania: A Life of Provost Smith with a General Idea of the College of Mirania (2004)

CHARLOTTE GOLDSBOROUGH FLETCHER Cato's Mirania: Life of Provost Smith with a General Idea of the College of Mirania Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 2002. Pp. xiii + 178, index, bibliography. $39.00 (paper). This slim and curious volume highlights the importance of William Smith, who sometimes wrote with the pseudonym Cato, and his contributions to education. The author believes historians have underestimated the importance of Smith, who at one point was president of three schools. As well, Smith's proposals for education contained in his 1753 book Mirania were more important than previously believed, and would have been even more important if Benjamin Franklin, who liked Smith's Mirania ideas, had spent more time in Philadelphia, or had not died so soon. The author has been interested in Smith since 1931, and, encouraged by a knowledgeable church historian, began thinking of a book to rescue Smith's seminal role in education in the Delaware Valley, and especially in the founding of St. John's College and Washington College in Maryland and of the Philadelphia Academy. The book consists mainly of two parts. There is a life of William Smith, digesting the two-volume 1878 biography by Horace W. Smith, except when drawing attention to Smith's contributions in education. The helpful appendices contain Smith's thirty-five page pamphlet, A General Idea of the College of and his A View of Philosophy, a twopage syllabus for a four-year program in moral and natural philosophy, from the Pennsylvania Gazette, 12 August 1756. Fletcher's error-ridden summary of the episcopal crisis of the 176Os, and especially its connection with the issues related to the ministry of the Rev. William Macclenachan, for whom St Paul's church, Philadelphia, was founded, underlines the difficulty of establishing context for Smith's ideas and influence. However, she makes it clear that Smith, whom she unhelpfully sees as a Br'er Rabbit figure, was a meddlesome, gossipy, selfserving scribbler whose writing was sometimes polemic. Maybe she should see Smith's Mirania the same way. The evidence of a partnership between Franklin and Smith is apparently very thin. On the basis of Smith's Mirania, Franklin chose him as first provost of the College of Philadelphia. But Franklin did not think Smith's fundraising trip to England in 1764 was necessary and did not support Smith's bid for an Oxford degree. They seem to have ignored each other for several years. …
Activation of early growth response 1 gene transcription and pp90rsk during induction of monocytic differentiation. (1994)

The present work has studied mechanisms responsible for induction of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) gene expression during monocytic differentiation of U-937 myeloid leukemia cells. Differentiation of U-937 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of the serine/threonine protein kinase C, was associated with transcriptional activation of EGR-1 promoter-reporter constructs. The EGR-1 promoter contains six CC(A/T)6GG (CArG) motifs. The two 5'-most distal CArG sequences conferred TPA inducibility. In contrast, there was little effect of TPA on EGR-1 transcription in a TPA-resistant U-937 cell variant, designated TUR. Treatment of both U-937 and TUR cells with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was associated with induction of monocytic differentiation and EGR-1 transcription through the 5'-most CArG element. Since these findings supported the involvement of serine/threonine protein phosphorylation in the regulation of EGR-1 expression, we studied activation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 serine/threonine kinases, pp70S6K and pp90rsk. Although both kinases participate in regulating cell growth, there was no detectable activation of pp70S6K during TPA- or okadaic acid-induced monocytic differentiation. Moreover, rapamycin, an inhibitor of pp70S6K activation, had no effect on induction of EGR-1 expression. In contrast, analysis of pp90rsk activity by phosphorylation of a peptide derived from S6 protein demonstrated stimulation of this kinase in TPA-treated U-937, and not TUR, cells. Okadaic acid treatment of both cell types was associated with activation of pp90rsk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Channel bed evolution and sediment transport under declining sand inputs (2006)

Coupled field and laboratory investigations explore links between bed surface structure development and sediment transport as sand inputs decline. On the Pasig‐Potrero River, we investigated channel recovery following emplacement of sand‐rich pyroclastic deposits in the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. As sediment inputs declined from 1996 to 2003, surface grain size increased, clast structures formed, and sediment mobility and bed load transport rates declined. Our field results parallel those from flume experiments studying highly energetic channels with similar sand contents. As the feed mixture shifted from 70% to 40% sand, surface grain size and gravel interactions increased, forming clusters and armor patches. Bed reorganization into patches initially accommodated coarsening with minimal effect on bed load transport rates, roughness, or friction angle within sandy transport zones. As sand declined further, gravel jams interrupted the connectivity of sandy transport zones, lowering transport rates. Patch development lowered the threshold for the transition from sand‐dominated to gravel‐dominated transport, focusing this transition over a narrow range of sand content.
A Theoretical Formulation for Boundary Friction in Articular Cartilage (1997)

A theoretical boundary friction model is proposed for predicting the frictional behavior of articular cartilage, including its time-dependent, velocity-dependent, and load-dependent responses. This theoretical model uses the framework of the biphasic theory for articular cartilage, and provides a mathematical formulation for the principle that interstitial fluid pressurization contributes significantly to reduction of the effective friction coefficient. Several examples of the application of this theory are provided, which demonstrate that a variety of experimentally observed cartilage frictional behaviors can now be theoretically predicted.
Detection of BRAFV600E mutation on fine needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodule refines cyto‐pathology diagnosis, especially in BRAFV600E mutation‐prevalent area (2006)

Detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in FNAB specimens refines the FNAB-cytology diagnosis, especially in a BRAF(V600E) mutation-prevalent area. Direct DNA sequencing was a more reliable method than PCR-RFLP for detecting the BRAF(V600E) mutation with a high sensitivity and specificity.
Imaging the expression of transfected genes in vivo. (1995)

Imaging the expression of successful gene transduction has been demonstrated in vivo for the first time by using an appropriate combination of "marker gene" and "marker substrate" in an experimental animal model. The herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene was selected as an example of a marker gene, and the recombinant STK retrovirus containing HSV1-tk was used to transduce RG2 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. RG2TK+ cell lines expressing the HSV1-tk gene and three potential marker substrates for the HSV1-TK enzyme were evaluated. Radiolabeled 5-iodo-2'-fluoro-2'deoxy-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FIAU) was shown to be a substantially better marker substrate for the HSV1-TK enzyme than 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or ganciclovir. The magnitude of FIAU accumulation in different RG2TK+ clones corresponded to their sensitivity to ganciclovir and to the level of HSV1-tk mRNA expression. Imaging the expression of HSV1-tk in transduced RG2 tumor cells was demonstrated in animals using quantitative autoradiography; 2-[14C]FIAU accumulation was shown to be high in RG2TK+ brain tumors growing in one hemisphere and very low in nontransduced RG2 tumors in the contralateral hemisphere. Transduction of RG2 tumor cells with the HSV-tk gene in vivo resulted in tumors which accumulated FIAU to high levels and produced clearly defined images. Given the level of FIAU accumulation in the transduced tumors, it is likely that a clinically applicable method for imaging HSV1-tk gene expression can be implemented using existing clinical imaging techniques.
Characterization of the human platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene. Comparison with the fibronectin receptor beta-subunit gene. (1990)

This study was designed to determine the structure of the gene for glycoprotein (GP) GPIIIa, the beta-subunit of the platelet membrane GPIIb-IIIa complex. The complexity of the gene was determined after Southern analysis of human chromosomal DNA. Overlapping genomic clones were isolated from cosmid and phage lambda libraries that contained the entire coding unit of the human gene for the mature GPIIIa protein. The genomic clones spanned approximately 60 kilobase pairs of human DNA sequence. The exon containing segments of the clones was mapped and the exons, including the exonintron junctions, were sequenced. The GPIIIa protein is divided into 14 exons ranging in size from 87 to 430 nucleotides separated by introns, which were 0.3 to 9 kilobase pairs in size. The 3' exon was larger than 1700 nucleotides and contained the 3'-untranslated region. Several structural domains of the GPIIIa protein were contained within individual exons. These included (i) the transmembrane spanning segment, (ii) the cytoplasmic region containing the potential phosphorylation sites, and (iii) the six domains in the NH2-terminal half of GPIIIa that are highly conserved between two other integrin beta-subunits. In contrast, other domains such as the four cysteine-rich repeats were interrupted by introns. Genomic clones for the beta-subunit of the fibronectin receptor (beta 1) were also isolated, partially mapped, and sequenced. Of the eight splice sites identified in beta 1, six occurred at the same amino acid residue in GPIIIa. These results provide genetic evidence that GPIIIa and beta 1 have a common evolutionary origin within the integrin family.
A Diagnostic Approach for Advanced Tracking of Commercial Vehicles With Time Window Constraints (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a fleet supervision system used to monitor on-road evolutions of commercial transport vehicles. This monitoring is accomplished by the automatic dispatch, during crossing of a tracking location, of information issued from the localization system on the vehicle. This information can be sent to a server through a direct Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol connection in a general packet radio service network (GPRS) or through a satellite network. The information is provided by the system to some allowed users via an Internet website. The fleet supervision system also enables analyzing messages sent by vehicles to identify differences between real data and planned data. We are more particularly interested in the diagnostics of delays, which can take place during deliveries. In fact, while crossing already fixed tracking locations, these delays are detected as early as possible, and their consequences are predicted so that corrective or preventive actions are undertaken as soon as possible.
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Single CdSe Nanocrystallite Quantum Dots (1997)

The quantum-confined Stark effect in single cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystallite quantum dots was studied. The electric field dependence of the single-dot spectrum is characterized by a highly polarizable excited state (∼10 5 cubic angstroms, compared to typical molecular values of order 10 to 100 cubic angstroms), in the presence of randomly oriented local electric fields that change over time. These local fields result in spontaneous spectral diffusion and contribute to ensemble inhomogeneous broadening. Stark shifts of the lowest excited state more than two orders of magnitude larger than the linewidth were observed, suggesting the potential use of these dots in electro-optic modulation devices.
Catalysts for the Living Insertion Polymerization of Alkenes: Access to New Polyolefin Architectures Using Ziegler–Natta Chemistry (2002)

Coordination-insertion polymerization systems have long been superior to their anionic, cationic, and radical polymerization counterparts with regard to stereochemical control. However, until five years ago, these metal-based insertion methods were inferior to ionic and radical mechanisms in the category of living polymerization, which is simply a polymerization that occurs with rapid initiation and negligible chain termination or transfer. In the last half decade, the living insertion polymerization of unactivated olefins has emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of new polymer architectures. Materials available today by this route range from simple homopolymers such as linear and branched polyethylene, to atactic or tactic poly(alpha-olefins), to end-functionalized polymers and block copolymers. This review article summarizes recent developments in this rapidly growing research area at the interface of synthetic and mechanistic organometallic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science. While special emphasis is placed on polymer properties and novel polymeric architectures, most of which were inaccessible just a decade ago, important achievements with respect to ligand and catalyst design are also highlighted.
A system for production and rapid purification of large amounts of the Shiga toxin/Shiga-like toxin I B subunit (1990)

We have constructed a plasmid expression vector (pSBC32) that encodes the B subunit of Shiga toxin/Shiga-like toxin I under control of the inducible trc promoter. The encoded B subunit is transported to the periplasmic space, allowing single-step purification of milligram amounts of this protein from periplasmic extracts by using receptor analog affinity chromatography. The purified B subunit interacts normally with both polyclonal antiserum to Shiga toxin and a monoclonal antibody specific for B subunit. B subunit purified in this system is pentameric (as in native holotoxin) and biologically active in blocking binding of Shiga holotoxin to HeLa cells. This expression system may allow rapid purification of sufficient amounts of Shiga toxin B subunit to attempt crystallization or to study its efficacy as a vaccine, either by itself or coupled to an appropriate polysaccharide antigen.
Transferable vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium (1989)

Enterococcus faecium BM4165 and BM4178, isolated from immunocompromised patients, one treated with vancomycin, were inducibly resistant to high levels of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin but susceptible to the new lipopeptide daptomycin (LY146032). Strain BM4165 was also resistant to macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics. The genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides and to MLS antibiotics in strain BM4165 were carried on plasmids pIP819 and pIP821, respectively; pIP819 also carried genes that encoded resistance to MLS antibiotics. The two plasmids, which were distinct although related, were self-transferable to other E. faecium strains. Plasmid pIP819 could also conjugate to E. faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis, S. pyogenes, S. lactis, and Listeria monocytogenes, in which it conferred inducible glycopeptide resistance, but not to S. aureus. Glycopeptide-inactivating activity was not detected, and the biochemical mechanism of resistance remains unknown. Based on this first report of transferable resistance to glycopeptides, we anticipate dissemination of resistance to these antibiotics in gram-positive cocci and bacilli in which it can be phenotypically expressed.
In vivo volumetric imaging of subcutaneous microvasculature by photoacoustic microscopy (2006)

Photoacoustic microscopy was developed to achieve volumetric imaging of the anatomy and functions of the subcutaneous microvasculature in both small animals and humans in vivo with high spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratio. By following the skin contour in raster scanning, the ultrasonic transducer maintains focusing in the region of interest. Furthermore, off-focus lateral resolution is improved by using a synthetic-aperture focusing technique based on the virtual point detector concept. Structural images are acquired in both rats and humans, whereas functional images representing hemoglobin oxygen saturation are acquired in rats. After multiscale vesselness filtering, arterioles and venules in the image are separated based on the imaged oxygen saturation levels. Detailed structural information, such as vessel depth and spatial orientation, are revealed by volume rendering.
Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder (2002)

These structural findings suggest abnormal brain developmental processes early in the clinical course of autism. Research currently is underway to better elucidate mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities and their longitudinal progression.