gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of photoluminescence in Ge nanoparticles by neighboring amorphous C in composite Ge/C thin films (2003)

Composite thin films of Ge and C prepared with the pulsed laser deposition method were found to exhibit enhancement of photoluminescence (PL). X-ray diffractometry and atomic force microscopy established that the structure of the as-prepared sample consisted of Ge nanocrystals and amorphous C. A blue PL from the films was found in the wavelength region of 400–550 nm with two distinct humps in its peak. For the as-prepared sample, the PL intensity was found to peak at a certain Ge:C composition ratio. For films with the same Ge:C ratio, the PL intensity was found to increase monotonically with intensity of annealing in the open atmosphere. The origin of the PL is attributed to localized Ge/O-related defects and that of the humps to the two nonbonding electrons of Ge(O). It is argued that the two nonbonding electrons are related to the intermediate Ge oxidation states (GOx, 0&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;2), one of them being related to x near 0, and the other to x near 2, that is, near the saturated GeO2 state. The observed enhancement in the PL of the Ge nanoparticles is attributed to the presence of amorphous C because it enhances the formation of Ge nanoparticles and the localized Ge/O-related defects at the Ge/C interfacial regions. This phenomenon offers a possible useful way to control the PL intensity of the film by adjusting its Ge:C ratio or its intensity of annealing.
A sketch-based distance oracle for web-scale graphs (2010)

We study the fundamental problem of computing distances between nodes in large graphs such as the web graph and social networks. Our objective is to be able to answer distance queries between pairs of nodes in real time. Since the standard shortest path algorithms are expensive, our approach moves the time-consuming shortest-path computation offline, and at query time only looks up precomputed values and performs simple and fast computations on these precomputed values. More specifically, during the offline phase we compute and store a small sketch for each node in the graph, and at query-time we look up the sketches of the source and destination nodes and perform a simple computation using these two sketches to estimate the distance.
Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

A very general and versatile method for functionalizing different types of carbon nanotubes is described, using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Approximately one organic group per 100 carbon atoms of the nanotube is introduced, to yield remakably soluble bundles of nanotubes, as seen in transmission electron micrographs. The solubilization of the nanotubes generates a novel, interesting class of materials, which combines the properties of the nanotubes and the organic moiety, thus offering new opportunities for applications in materials science, including the preparation of nanocomposites.
Nanophotonic Image Sensors (2016)

The increasing miniaturization and resolution of image sensors bring challenges to conventional optical elements such as spectral filters and polarizers, the properties of which are determined mainly by the materials used, including dye polymers. Recent developments in spectral filtering and optical manipulating techniques based on nanophotonics have opened up the possibility of an alternative method to control light spectrally and spatially. By integrating these technologies into image sensors, it will become possible to achieve high compactness, improved process compatibility, robust stability and tunable functionality. In this Review, recent representative achievements on nanophotonic image sensors are presented and analyzed including image sensors with nanophotonic color filters and polarizers, metamaterial-based THz image sensors, filter-free nanowire image sensors and nanostructured-based multispectral image sensors. This novel combination of cutting edge photonics research and well-developed commercial products may not only lead to an important application of nanophotonics but also offer great potential for next generation image sensors beyond Moore's Law expectations.
Angiogenic and HIV-Inhibitory Functions of KSHV-Encoded Chemokines (1997)

Unique among known human herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) encodes chemokine-like proteins (vMIP-I and vMIP-II). vMIP-II was shown to block infection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on a CD4-positive cell line expressing CCR3 and to a lesser extent on one expressing CCR5, whereas both vMIP-I and vMIP-II partially inhibited HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Like eotaxin, vMIP-II activated and chemoattracted human eosinophils by way of CCR3. vMIP-I and vMIP-II, but not cellular MIP-1alpha or RANTES, were highly angiogenic in the chorioallantoic assay, suggesting a possible pathogenic role in Kaposi's sarcoma.
Tendon-Based Stiffening for a Pneumatically Actuated Soft Manipulator (2016)

There is an emerging trend toward soft robotics due to its extended manipulation capabilities compared to traditionally rigid robot links, showing promise for an extended applicability to new areas. However, as a result of the inherent property of soft robotics being less rigid, the ability to control/obtain higher overall stiffness when required is yet to be further explored. In this letter, an innovative design is introduced which allows varying the stiffness of a continuum silicon-based manipulator and proves to have potential for applications in Minimally Invasive Surgery. Inspired by muscular structures occurring in animals such as the octopus, we propose a hybrid and inherently antagonistic actuation scheme. In particular, the octopus makes use of this principle activating two sets of muscles-longitudinal and transverse muscles-thus, being capable of controlling the stiffness of parts of its arm in an antagonistic fashion. Our designed manipulator is pneumatically actuated employing chambers embedded within the robot's silicone structure. Tendons incorporated in the structure complement the pneumatic actuation placed inside the manipulator's wall to allow variation of overall stiffness. Experiments are carried out by applying an external force in different configurations while changing the stiffness by means of the two actuation mechanisms. Our test results show that dual, antagonistic actuation increases the load bearing capabilities for soft continuum manipulators and thus their range of applications.
Using Mobile Positioning Data to Model Locations Meaningful to Users of Mobile Phones (2010)

The article introduces a model for the location of meaningful places for mobile telephone users, such as home and work anchor points, using passive mobile positioning data. Passive mobile positioning data is secondary data concerning the location of call activities or handovers in network cells that is automatically stored in the memory of service providers. This data source offers good potential for the monitoring of the geography and mobility of the population, since mobile phones are widespread, and similar standardized data can be used around the globe. We developed the model and tested it with 12 months' data collected by EMT, Estonia's largest mobile service provider, covering more than 0.5 million anonymous respondents. Modeling results were compared with population register data; this revealed that the developed model described the geography of the population relatively well, and can hence be used in geographical and urban studies. This approach also has potential for the development of location-based services such as targeting services or geographical infrastructure.
A functional antibody lacking N‐linked glycans is efficiently folded, assembled and secreted by tobacco mesophyll protoplasts (2005)

A potential drawback in the use of plants as an expression platform for pharmaceutical proteins such as antibodies is that plant-specific N-glycosylation can result in proteins with altered function and potential antigenicity. In many cases, the N-glycans are essential for the correct folding, assembly and transport of the recombinant proteins. We tested whether progressive removal of glycosylation sites had a detrimental effect on the synthesis, assembly and secretion of a plant-made immunoglobulin G, Guy's 13. Our results indicate that the plant secretory pathway can cope well with aglycosylated antibody chains. The immunoglobulin without N-linked glycans is correctly assembled and secreted by tobacco protoplasts. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also shows that antigen-binding properties are unaffected. Our results therefore suggest one possible alternative to the engineering of a humanized glycosylation machinery in plants.
1,1′-Di(heteroatom)-functionalised ferrocenes as [N,N], [O,O] and [S,S] chelate ligands in transition metal chemistry (2005)

Dppf is one of the most useful and popular ligands in coordination chemistry. Its overwhelming success has overshadowed and arguably even delayed the development and use of closely related ferrocene-based ligands with two ligating N, O or S atoms. Recently, however, dynamic progress concerning such homo-donor ligands can be noted. This tutorial review describes the main results obtained over the past decade in order to introduce the reader to an exciting field which currently shows particularly rapid development. The material is organised in sections according to ligand type, followed by a section which summarises the applications reported so far.
Assessment of Chemically Separated Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoelectronics (2008)

It remains an elusive goal to obtain high performance single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWNT) electronics such as field effect transistors (FETs) composed of single- or few-chirality SWNTs, due to broad distributions in as-grown materials. Much progress has been made by various separation approaches to obtain materials enriched in metal or semiconducting nanotubes or even in single chiralties. However, research in validating SWNT separations by electrical transport measurements and building functional electronic devices has been scarce. Here, we performed length, diameter, and chirality separation of DNA functionalized HiPco SWNTs by chromatography methods, and we characterized the chiralities by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements. The use of these combined methods provided deeper insight to the degree of separation than either technique alone. Separation of SWNTs by chirality and diameter occurred at varying degrees that decreased with increasing tube diameter. This calls for new separation methods capable of metallicity or chirality separation of large diameter SWNTs (in the approximately 1.5 nm range) needed for high performance nanoelectronics. With most of the separated fractions enriched in semiconducting SWNTs, nanotubes placed in parallel in short-channel (approximately 200 nm) electrical devices fail to produce FETs with high on/off switching, indicating incomplete elimination of metallic species. In rare cases with a certain separated SWNT fraction, we were able to fabricate FET devices composed of small-diameter, chemically separated SWNTs in parallel, with high on-/off-current (I(on)/I(off)) ratios up to 105 owing to semiconducting SWNTs with only a few (n,m) chiralities in the fraction. This was the first time that chemically separated SWNTs were used for short channel, all-semiconducting SWNT electronics dominant by just a few (n,m)'s. Nevertheless, the results suggest that much improved chemical separation methods are needed to produce nanotube electronics at a large scale.
A Fluorescent Pyrophosphate Sensor with High Selectivity over ATP in Water (2004)

High affinity and selective detection for PPi is exhibited by a new fluorescent sensor based on a naphthalene–dpa system (see picture). The binuclear zinc complex is remarkably selective toward PPi over other anions. For example, PPi can be detected at micromolar concentrations in the presence of a large excess of ATP. PPi=pyrophosphate, ATP=adenosine triphosphate, dpa=bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine.
IN platform for DAVIC video on demand service (2002)

The video on demand (VOD) service is one of major service drivers for IN CS-3, being currently examined by the ITU-T SG11. This paper presents the IN.CS-3 functional model and physical scenarios for Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC) compliant VOD service taking into account the evolutional approach from the IN CS-2. The purpose of the DAVIC is to specify emerging digital audio-visual applications and services such as broadcast or interactive services, by the timely availability of internationally agreed specifications of open interfaces and protocols that maximize interoperability cross countries and application/services. The DAVIC 1.0 specifications have been developed based on the following guidelines: openness of the specification process; not systems (application-specific) but tools (application independent); relocation of tools; one functionality-one tool; and specify the minimum.
Degradation of Fe(III)-wool keratin complex by hydrogen peroxide. (1990)

The relation between the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the degradation of wool keratin fiber was studied for the Fe (III) -wool keratin complex-hydrogen peroxide system. The catalytic action of the Fe(III)-wool keratin complex in hydrogen peroxide decomposition was also studied. The Fe (III) ion showed a high catalytic activity, while the Fe(111)-wool keratin complex was less active. The de composition of hydrogen peroxide occurred along with the degradation of wool keratin fiber by the scis sion of keratin molecules. The wool keratin fiber did not react with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of metal ions, but small quantities of the Fe(III) ion caused degradation. The degradation rate of wool keratin fiber was dependent on the pH of the treatment solution and became progressively higher as the pH of solution was lowered. The activity of Fe (III) ion was lower than that of the Cu (II) ion in both hydrogen peroxide decomposition and degradation of wool keratin fiber.
Alternatively spliced products of the maize P gene encode proteins with homology to the DNA-binding domain of myb-like transcription factors. (1991)

The Zea mays P gene has been postulated to regulate the biosynthetic pathway of a flavonoid-derived pigment in certain floral tissues [Styles, E. D. & Ceska, O. (1977) Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 19, 289-302]. We have characterized two P transcripts that are alternatively spliced at their 3' ends. One message of 1802 nucleotides encodes a 43.7-kDa protein with an N-terminal region showing approximately 40% homology to the DNA-binding domain of several members of the myb family of protooncogene proteins. A second message of 945 nucleotides encodes a 17.3-kDa protein that contains most of the myb-homologous domain but differs from the first protein at the C terminus. The deduced P-encoded proteins show an even higher homology (70%) in the myb-homologous domain to the maize regulatory gene C1. Additionally, the P and C1 genes are structurally similar in the sizes and positions of the first and second exons and first intron. We show that P is required for accumulation in the pericarp of transcripts of two genes (A1 and C2) encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis--genes also regulated by C1 in the aleurone.
Mice Lacking Expression of Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine Have Defects in Lymphocyte Homing and Dendritic Cell Localization (1999)

Secondary lymphoid organ chemokine (SLC) is expressed in high endothelial venules and in T cell zones of spleen and lymph nodes (LNs) and strongly attracts naive T cells. In mice homozygous for the paucity of lymph node T cell (plt) mutation, naive T cells fail to home to LNs or the lymphoid regions of spleen. Here we demonstrate that expression of SLC is undetectable in plt mice. In addition to the defect in T cell homing, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (DCs) fail to accumulate in spleen and LN T cell zones of plt mice. DC migration to LNs after contact sensitization is also substantially reduced. The physiologic significance of these abnormalities in plt mice is indicated by a markedly increased sensitivity to infection with murine hepatitis virus. The plt mutation maps to the SLC locus; however, the sequence of SLC introns and exons in plt mice is normal. These findings suggest that the abnormalities in plt mice are due to a genetic defect in the expression of SLC and that SLC mediates the entry of naive T cells and antigen-stimulated DCs into the T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs.
Two‐Stage Reactive Polymer Network Forming Systems (2012)

Abstract There are distinct advantages to designing polymer systems that afford two distinct sets of material properties– an intermediate polymer that would enable optimum handling and processing of the material, while maintaining the ability to tune in different, final polymer properties that enable the optimal functioning of the material. In this study, by designing a series of non‐stoichiometric thiol‐acrylate systems, a polymer network is initially formed via a base catalyzed Michael addition reaction that proceeds stoichiometrically via the thiol‐acrylate “click” reaction. This self‐limiting reaction results in a polymer with excess acrylic functional groups within the network. At a later point in time, the photoinitiated, free radical polymerization of the excess acrylic functional groups results in a highly crosslinked, robust material system. These two stage reactive thiol‐acrylate networks that have intermediate stage rubbery moduli and glass transition temperatures that range from 0.5 MPa and ‐10 °C to 22 MPa and 22 °C, respectively, are formulated and characterized. The same polymer networks can then attain glass transition temperatures that range from 5 °C to 195 °C and rubbery moduli of up to 200 MPa after the subsequent photocuring stage. The two stage reactive networks formed by varying the stoichiometric ratios of the thiol and acrylate monomers were shown to perform as substrates for three specific applications: shape memory polymers, impression materials, and as optical materials for writing refractive index patterns.
Mac OS X Snow Leopard: The Missing Manual (2009)

For a company that promised to put a pause on new features, Apple sure has been busy-there's barely a feature left untouched in Mac OS X 10.6 Leopard. There's more speed, more polish, more refinement-but still no manual. Fortunately, David Pogue is back, with the humor and expertise that have made this the #1 bestselling Mac book for eight years straight. You get all the answers with jargon-free introductions to: Big-ticket changes. A 64-bit overhaul. Faster everything. A rewritten Finder. Microsoft Exchange compatibility. All-new QuickTime Player. If Apple wrote it, this book covers it. Snow Leopard Spots. This book demystifies the hundreds of smaller enhancements, too, in all 50 programs that come with the Mac: Safari, Mail, iChat, Preview, Time Machine. Shortcuts. This must be the tippiest, trickiest Mac book ever written. Undocumented surprises await on every page. Power usage. Security, networking, build-your-own Services, file sharing with Windows, even Mac OS X's Unix chassis-this one witty, expert guide makes it all crystal clear.
Transport phenomena in nanofluidics (2008)

The transport of fluid in and around nanometer-sized objects with at least one characteristic dimension below $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ enables the occurrence of phenomena that are impossible at bigger length scales. This research field was only recently termed nanofluidics, but it has deep roots in science and technology. Nanofluidics has experienced considerable growth in recent years, as is confirmed by significant scientific and practical achievements. This review focuses on the physical properties and operational mechanisms of the most common structures, such as nanometer-sized openings and nanowires in solution on a chip. Since the surface-to-volume ratio increases with miniaturization, this ratio is high in nanochannels, resulting in surface-charge-governed transport, which allows ion separation and is described by a comprehensive electrokinetic theory. The charge selectivity is most pronounced if the Debye screening length is comparable to the smallest dimension of the nanochannel cross section, leading to a predominantly counterion containing nanometer-sized aperture. These unique properties contribute to the charge-based partitioning of biomolecules at the microchannel-nanochannel interface. Additionally, at this free-energy barrier, size-based partitioning can be achieved when biomolecules and nanoconstrictions have similar dimensions. Furthermore, nanopores and nanowires are rooted in interesting physical concepts, and since these structures demonstrate sensitive, label-free, and real-time electrical detection of biomolecules, the technologies hold great promise for the life sciences. The purpose of this review is to describe physical mechanisms on the nanometer scale where new phenomena occur, in order to exploit these unique properties and realize integrated sample preparation and analysis systems.
Experimental Infection of Chimpanzees with Human Rhinovirus Types 14 and 43 (1968)

In three serial experiments, chimpanzees free of specific neutralizing antibody were infected with rhinovirus types 14 or 43. Although infected animals shed virus from 6 to 21 days and produced high levels of specific antibody, clinical illness was not discernible. Providing serum neutralizing antibody was still present, chimpanzees rechallenged with the same agent shed virus for less than 5 hours. To the author's knowledge this is the first report of successful experimental infection by human rhinoviruses of species other than man.
Designing tangent sections for medium-radius horizontal wells (1991)

This paper reports on the use of a single tangent profile which reduces the number of bit runs required, increases accuracy and avoids having to rotate MWD components through doglegs.
An In-depth Look at Krukenberg Tumor: An Overview (2006)

Krukenberg tumor is an uncommon metastatic tumor of the ovary. This article provides an overview of the major pathologic manifestations of Krukenberg tumor, patient characteristics, clinical and laboratory features of the disease, prognostic factors, and current knowledge about its pathogenesis. Pathologists have to be familiar with the diagnostic histopathologic features of the tumor and its principal differential diagnoses. Awareness of the diagnostic manifestations of the tumor leads to the correct diagnosis and prevents tumor misclassification, thus avoiding improper clinical management. The article also addresses the potential clinical utility of serum CA 125 in patients with Krukenberg tumors. Prognosis of Krukenberg tumor is still very poor but our review of the literature reveals several factors that appear to have an impact on survival. There is no established treatment for Krukenberg tumors. A national registry and prospective studies are needed to set a therapeutic approach for Krukenberg tumors in the hope of improving the survival rate.
Developing Multiplexed Assays for Troponin I and Interleukin-33 in Plasma by Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment and Targeted Mass Spectrometry (2009)

We used an established biomarker of cardiac injury and an emerging biomarker to demonstrate how SISCAPA can detect and quantify changes in concentration of proteins present at 1-10 microg/L in plasma. Our results demonstrate that these assays can be multiplexed and retain the necessary precision, reproducibility, and sensitivity to be applied to new and uncharacterized candidate biomarkers for verification of low-abundance proteins in blood.