gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel androgen receptor mutation in a relapsed CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft and cell line. (2002)

CWR22 has been a valuable xenograft model for the study of prostate cancer progression from an androgen-dependent tumor to one that grows in castrated animals. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a novel androgen receptor (AR) mutation occurring in a relapsed tumor (CWR22R-2152) and in the CWR22Rv1 cell line established from it. The mutation was not detected in the original, hormone-dependent CWR22 xenograft, indicating that this change occurred during the progression to androgen independence. It is characterized by an in-frame tandem duplication of exon 3 that encodes the second zinc finger of the AR DNA-binding domain. Accordingly, immunoblot analyses demonstrated the expression of an AR species having an approximately 5-kDa increase in size relative to the LNCaP AR. This was accompanied by a COOH-terminally truncated AR species migrating with a relative mass of 75-80 kDa, referred to as ARDeltaLBD because it lacks the ligand-binding domain. By recreating the exon 3 duplication mutation in a wild-type AR expression construct, the generation of ARDeltaLBD could be recapitulated. Whereas ARDeltaLBD exhibited constitutive nuclear localization and DNA binding, these functions in the full-length AR remained androgen dependent. The CWR22Rv1 AR repertoire displayed dose-dependent, androgen-responsive transcriptional transactivation in reporter assays, albeit to a lesser extent in comparison with LNCaP. This cell line also expressed low levels of prostate-specific antigen mRNA and did not express or secrete detectable levels of prostate-specific antigen protein in androgen-depleted medium or in response to physiological androgenic stimulation. In summary, the CWR22Rv1 cell line displays both androgen-responsive and androgen-insensitive features due, at least in part, to a novel insertional mutation of the AR.
Reminiscences of forty two years residence in Illawarra: Part two (1990)

In the year 1823, the County of Cumberland was again suffering from the effects of a prolonged drought, and this induced some settlers from the neighborhood of Appin to come into lllawarra.About this time Mr. Hamilton Hume, the Mungo Park of Australia, had sawyers cutting cedar on the side of the mountain between Wollongong and Bulli, and the cedar cut there was the first that was cut in the Colony (22).It was cut into boards, carried up to the top of the mountain, and carted thence to Parramatta.The sawyers of those days were truly an unruly
Forced medical treatment in pregnancy: resolving the conflicting rights of mother and fetus. (1990)

Developments in medical technology continue to increase the potential for conflict between the rights of mother and fetus during pregnancy. Although a number of court cases have ordered medical treatment over the objections of pregnant patients, the law has yet to address definitively the difficult issues raised by this kind of forced intervention.
Triple-Mode Single-Transistor Graphene Amplifier and Its Applications (2010)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a triple-mode single-transistor graphene amplifier utilizing a three-terminal back-gated single-layer graphene transistor. The ambipolar nature of electronic transport in graphene transistors leads to increased amplifier functionality as compared to amplifiers built with unipolar semiconductor devices. The ambipolar graphene transistors can be configured as n-type, p-type, or hybrid-type by changing the gate bias. As a result, the single-transistor graphene amplifier can operate in the common-source, common-drain, or frequency multiplication mode, respectively. This in-field controllability of the single-transistor graphene amplifier can be used to realize the modulation necessary for phase shift keying and frequency shift keying, which are widely used in wireless applications. It also offers new opportunities for designing analog circuits with simpler structure and higher integration densities for communications applications.
Parallel atomic force microscopy using cantilevers with integrated piezoresistive sensors and integrated piezoelectric actuators (1995)

We have fabricated and operated two cantilevers in parallel in a new mode for imaging with the atomic force microscope (AFM). The cantilevers contain both an integrated piezoresistive silicon sensor and an integrated piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) actuator. The integration of sensor and actuator on a single cantilever allows us to simultaneously record two independent AFM images in the constant force mode. The ZnO actuator provides over 4 μm of deflection at low frequencies (dc) and over 30 μm deflection at the first resonant frequency. The piezoresistive element is used to detect the strain and provide the feedback signal for the ZnO actuator.
Nematicides increase grain yields in spring wheat cultivars and suppress plant-parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes. (2005)

Grain yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. AC Barrie, AC Walton, AC Wilmot, Belvedere, Glenlea) in field plots over a 3-year period were increased (P < 0.001) by an average of 0.56 (25.1%) and 1.17 (52.5%) tonnes/ha in comparison to untreated check plots when aldicarb at 2.24 kg or fosthiazate at 13.5 a.i./ha, respectively, were broadcast and incorporated into the soil to suppress nematodes. The planned F test using orthogonal coefficients indicated that the mean response of grain yields to nematicide treatments of AC Barrie and Glenlea, which are grown primarily in the prairie provinces of Canada, was greater (48.5%) than the mean response of Belvedere, AC Walton, and AC Wilmot (33.7%), which are more common in the Maritime region of Canada (P < 0.001). Root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) in wheat roots and in root zone soil at harvest were reduced by the nematicide applications (P < 0.001). Bacterial-feeding nematodes (primarily Diplogaster lheritieri (Maupas)) in root zone soil were also suppressed by fosthiazate (P < 0.01) but not by aldicarb. These data indicate that root lesion nematodes cause substantial yield losses in spring wheat in the Maritime region of Canada.
7 Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis (1994)

Mutagenesis can be described as the process of inducing any heritable change in the genetic material which is subsequently transmitted to daughter cells where it gives rise to a mutant cell or individual (Rieger et al. 1976). The use of classical mutagenic agents, e.g., ethylmethane sulfonate, nitrosoguanidine, nitrosourea, and X-ray, has resulted in thousands of mutants in Arabidopsis (see McKelvie 1962; Redei 1970). Considerable insight has been gained about plant developmental and physiological processes from the characterization of some of these mutants. Recently developed technologies make it possible to clone genes from interesting mutants. The use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps (Chang et al. 1988; Nam et al. 1989; Reiter et al. 1992), for example, makes it possible, although laborious, to isolate genes mutated with these agents (Arondel et al. 1992; Giraudat et al. 1992; Chang et al. 1993). Positional cloning will become increasingly expedient as more molecular markers are positioned on the map and as the physical map nears completion. Another recent technique, genomic subtraction, can be utilized to isolate the affected gene when deletion mutagens are employed, e.g., diepoxybutane and γ irradiation (Sun et al. 1992). However, current technical limitations may make it difficult to isolate large numbers of genes with this technique. Chemical and physical agents and their mutagenic activities are discussed because of their historical and continued usefulness. Mutagens that have found wide popularity among molecular biologists are insertion mutagens, T-DNAs or transposons (van Sluys et al. 1987; Feldmann 1991). These mutagens provide a...
Polycystic Kidney Disease Re-evaluated: A Population-based Study (1991)

A genetic register of all known cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease occurring in South and Mid-Wales has been established. In a population of 2.1 million, 209 families with affected members were identified, 303 of whom are currently alive, 70 on renal replacement therapy. An additional 551 cases would be predicted amongst family members at 50 per cent and 25 per cent risk, giving an apparent prevalence of 1:2459 in the general population. Five possible new mutations were seen where adults with phenotypic autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease had both parents alive, age greater than 55 years with no cysts visible on ultrasound. The take-on rate for renal replacement therapy increased during 1970-79 but has apparently reached a plateau of 4.8 cases per million population per year over the last 8 years, despite a rapidly increasing acceptance of uraemic patients as a whole (72/10(6)/year in 1988-89). Considerably more patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease aged over 50 years were started on treatment in 1980-89 than in 1970-79, but the survival overall improved with time. All cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease reaching end-stage renal disease are now being treated, but the apparent clinical prevalence of this condition in our region is less than half the supposed gene frequency, suggesting that undiagnosed cases have a benign prognosis.
Epstein–Barr virus lacking latent membrane protein 2 immortalizes B cells with efficiency indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus (1999)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that efficiently transforms and immortalizes human primary B lymphocytes. In this study, the role of latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) in EBV growth transformation was investigated. LMP2 is a virally encoded membrane protein expressed in EBV-immortalized B cells previously shown to be nonessential for EBV transformation. However, a recent study reported that LMP2 may be an important determinant for efficient B cell transformation (Brielmeier et al., Journal of General Virology 77, 2807-2818, 1996). In this study a deletion mutation was introduced into the LMP2 gene using an E. coli mini-EBV construct containing sufficient EBV DNA to result in growth transformation of primary B cells. In an alternative approach, the introduction of the gene encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) by homologous recombination into the LMP2 gene of EBV strain B95-8, generating the same LMP2 deletion mutation is reported. Careful quantification of B cell transformation using the EGFP+ LMP2- recombinant virus determined that in liquid culture medium or in culture medium containing soft agarose there was no difference in the ability of LMP2- virus to immortalize primary human B cells when compared to that of wild-type virus.
Modulation of intrahepatic cholesterol trafficking: evidence by in vivo antisense treatment for the involvement of sterol carrier protein-2 in newly synthesized cholesterol transport into rat bile (1996)

Biliary cholesterol represents one of the two major excretory pathways for sterol elimination from the body and plays a central role in cholesterol gallstone formation. Biliary cholesterol originates from a precursor pool of preformed and newly synthesized free cholesterol. Although it has been suggested that newly synthesized and preformed biliary cholesterol are secreted by independent pathways, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. We used male Wistar rats to study the time-course of the appearance of newly synthesized cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and protein into bile. The specific role of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) in the transport of newly synthesized biliary cholesterol was evaluated by an in vivo antisense oligonucleotide approach. In contrast to [14C]phosphatidylcholine and [35S]proteins, the time-course of [14C]cholesterol appearance into bile was rapid, and microtubule- and Golgi-independent. In vivo SCP-2 antisense treatment reduced and delayed the appearance of biliary [14C]cholesterol. Furthermore, hepatic SCP-2 expression increased more than 3-fold over control values in rats that had been treated with diosgenin to increase biliary secretion of newly synthesized cholesterol. These results suggest that SCP-2 is necessary for the rapid transport of newly synthesized cholesterol into bile and that hepatocytes can induce SCP-2 expression according to the rate of biliary secretion of newly synthesized cholesterol.
[Autoantibodies against NMDA-receptors in the blood of patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation]. (2000)

Concentration of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor in blood serum of patients with acute brain ischemic stroke was significantly higher than in healthy persons and patients with other neurological diseases. Average content of cholesterol, lipid peroxides and glutamate in the serum were close in all patient groups investigated. It was suggested that the content of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor could be used as biochemical criteria for acute brain stroke patient's condition control and their treatment efficiency.
The B7-2 (B70) costimulatory molecule expressed by monocytes and activated B lymphocytes is the CD86 differentiation antigen (1994)

T-cell activation is initiated after T-cell receptor binding to antigen, but also requires interactions between costimulatory molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells. An important costimulatory molecule expressed by monocytes and activated B lymphocytes has been recently identified and termed B7-2 or B70. Independently, a new Cluster of Differentiation was defined in the Fifth International Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshop as CD86, a molecule predominantly expressed by monocytes and activated B lymphocytes. In this study, the two monoclonal antibodies that defined CD86, FUN-1 and BU-63, were shown to bind to cDNA transfected cells expressing B7-2/B70. The FUN-1 monoclonal antibody also completely blocked the costimulatory activity of B7-2/B70 in functional assays. Therefore, the serologically defined CD86 differentiation antigen is the B7-2/B70 molecule.
Risk Factors for Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (1999)

We evaluated demographic characteristics and graft composition as risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 160 adult recipients of HLA-identical allogeneic blood stem cell transplants. The patients received a median nucleated cell dose of 7.9 x 10(8)/kg and median C34(+) cell dose of 5.6 x 10(6)/kg. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine (CSA) and steroids, tacrolimus (FK506) and steroids, or FK506 and methotrexate. Grades 2 to 4 GVHD occurred in 31% (95% CI, 23% to 39%), and grades 3 to 4 GVHD in 14% (95% CI, 8% to 20%). In univariate analyses, GVHD prophylaxis with CSA and high CD34(+) cell doses were significant risk factors for grades 2 to 4 GVHD, but diagnosis, age, use of total body irradiation, donor sex, female donor for male recipient, donor parity, donor alloimmunization, viral serology, nucleated cell dose, CD3(+) cell dose, and CD56(+) cell dose did not alter the incidence of GVHD significantly. With a CD34(+) cell dose less than 8 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg, the risk of grades 2 to 4 GVHD was significantly higher for those who received CSA (39%, 95% CI, 21% to 47%) in comparison with those on FK506 (18%, 95% CI, 10% to 26%) (P =.03), but GVHD prophylaxis regimen had less impact with a higher CD34(+) cell dose (overall grades 2 to 4 GVHD rate 52%, 95% CI, 37% to 67%). GVHD prophylaxis and CD34(+) cell dose are independent risk factors for acute GVHD after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation.
Lipids with Photosensitive Groups as Chemical Probes for the Structural Analysis of Biological Membranes. On the Localization of the G- and M-Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (1978)

Article Lipids with Photosensitive Groups as Chemical Probes for the Structural Analysis of Biological Membranes. On the Localization of the G- and M-Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus was published on January 1, 1978 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 359, issue 2).
Near-Simultaneous and Real-Time Detection of Multiple Analytes in Affinity Microcolumns (2004)

A miniaturized immunoassay system based on beads in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannels for analyzing multiple analytes has been developed. The method involves real-time detection of soluble molecules binding to receptor-bearing microspheres, sequestered in affinity column format inside a microfluidic channel. Identification and quantitation of analytes occurs via direct fluorescence measurements or fluorescence resonance energy transfer. A preliminary account of this work based on single-analyte format has been published in this journal (Buranda, T.; Huang, J.; Perez-Luna, V. H.; Schreyer, B.; Sklar, L. A.; Lopez, G. P. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1149-1156). We have extended the work to a multianalyte model system composed of discrete segments of beads that bear distinct receptors. Near-simultaneous and real-time detection of diverse analytes is demonstrated. The importance of this work is established in the exploration of important factors related to the design, assessment, and utility of affinity microcolumn sensors. First, beads derivatized with surface chemistry suitable for the attachment of fluorescently labeled biomolecules of interest are prepared and characterized in terms of functionality and receptor site densities by flow cytometry. Second, calibrated beads are incorporated in microfluidic channels. The analytical device that emerges replicates the basic elements of affinity chromatography with the advantages of microscale and real-time direct measurement of bound analyte on beads rather than the indirect determination from eluted sample typical of affinity chromatography. In addition, the two-compartment analysis of the assay data as demonstrated in single-analyte columns provides a template upon which the dynamics of multiple-analyte assays can be characterized using existing theoretical models and be tested experimentally. The assay can potentially detect subfemtomole quantities of protein with high signal-to-noise ratio and a large dynamic range spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude in analyte concentration in microliter to submicroliter volumes of analyte fluid. The approach has the potential to be generalized to a host of bioaffinity assay methods including analysis of protein complexes (e.g., biomolecular indicators of diseases). Proof-of-principle analytes include FLAG peptide and carcinoembryonic antigen detected at physiologically relevant concentration levels.
A Design for Inter-Operable Secure Object Stores (ISOS) (1995)

We describe a distributed object-based design for repositories in a digital library infrastructure. This design for Inter-operable Secure Object Stores, ISOS, defines the interfaces to secure repositories that inter-operate with each other, clients, and other services in the infrastructure. We define the interfaces to ISOS as class definitions in a distributed object system. We also define an extension to CORBA security that is used by repositories to secure access to themselves and their contained objects.
Using a configuration management tool to coordinate software development (1995)

I describe a naturalistic study of one organization's use of a configuration management tool to coordinate the development of a software product. In this organization, the developers use the tool routinely to reduce the complexities of coordinating their development efforts. I examine how the tool provides mechanisms of interaction that let the developers work with each other. I identify four aspects of these mechanisms: difficulties of representing work, the multiple levels that they operate at, the possibilities for coordination they provide, and their role in supporting a model of work.
Neutralization of interferon‐α/β–inducible genes and downstream effect in a phase I trial of an anti–interferon‐α monoclonal antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (2009)

IFNalpha/beta-inducible gene signatures in whole blood are effective pharmacodynamic biomarkers to evaluate anti-IFNalpha mAb therapy in SLE. Anti-IFNalpha mAb can neutralize overexpression of IFNalpha/beta-inducible genes in whole blood and lesional skin from SLE patients and has profound effects on signaling pathways that may be downstream of IFNalpha in SLE.
Fc Receptor-mediated Platelet Activation Is Dependent on Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation and Involves p120 (1999)

The platelet receptor for the Fc domain of IgGs (FcgammaRIIa) triggers intracellular signaling through protein tyrosine phosphorylations leading to platelet aggregation. In this study, we focused on the adaptor protein p120(cbl) (Cbl), which became tyrosine-phosphorylated after platelet activation induced by antibodies. Cbl phosphorylation was dependent on Fc receptor engagement. An association of Cbl with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) occurred in parallel with Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation. We showed by in vitro experiments that Cbl/p85 association was mediated by the Src homology 3 domain of p85/PI 3-K and the proline-rich region of Cbl. Inhibition of PI 3-K activity by wortmannin led to the blockade of both platelet aggregation and serotonin release mediated by FcgammaRIIa engagement, whereas it only partly inhibited those induced by thrombin. Thus, PI 3-K may play a crucial role in the initiation of platelet responses after FcgammaRIIa engagement. Our results suggest that Cbl is involved in platelet signal transduction by the recruitment of PI 3-K to the FcgammaRIIa pathway, possibly by increasing PI 3-K activity.
Targeted minicircle DNA delivery using folate-poly(ethylene glycol)-polyethylenimine as non-viral carrier (2010)

CAS [KSCX1-YW-R-10]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30901751, 30973448, 20874001]; National Basic Research Progra
Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in a Downlink Multiuser Beamforming System (2013)

In this paper, we propose a non-orthogonal multiple access-based multiuser beamforming (NOMA-BF) system designed to enhance the sum capacity. In the proposed NOMA-BF system, a single BF vector is shared by two users, so that the number of supportable users can be increased. However, sharing a BF vector leads to interference from other beams as well as from the other user sharing the BF vector. Therefore, to reduce interference and improve the sum capacity, we additionally propose a clustering and power allocation algorithm. This clustering algorithm, which selects two users with high correlation and a large gain-difference between their channels, can reduce the interference from other beams and from the other user as well. Furthermore, power allocation ensures that each user's transmit power is allocated so as to maximize the sum capacity. Numerical results verify that the proposed NOMA-BF system improves the sum capacity, compared to the conventional multiuser BF system.
In Vivo Brain Concentrations of N-Acetyl Compounds, Creatine, and Choline in Alzheimer Disease (1999)

Cortical gray matter volume deficits in patients with AD are accompanied by disease-related increases in gray matter choline concentrations suggestive of cellular degeneration and reduced N-acetyl compound concentrations, with possible effects on behavioral function.
Studies on Thrombopoiesis. I. A Factor in Normal Human Plasma Required for Platelet Production; Chronic Thrombocytopenia Due to its Deficiency (1960)

Abstract 1. A case of chronic thrombocytopenic purpura has been presented in which the pathogenesis appears to be due to congenital deficiency of a platelet-stimulating factor. 2. The factor exists in normal plasma and is stable on storage under normal blood banking conditions and on freezing. 3. The factor appears to act by stimulating megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production in an orderly and sequential manner.