gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic separation in microfluidic capillaries (2004)

We present a new actuator based on glass capillary bonded to laser-cut PZT plate, for ultrasonic control of microparticles inside microfluidic channels. The actuator generates high velocity bending mode at low CMOS compatible 5-10 Vpp drive. The high velocity enables focusing of samples at the nodes and the antinodes of the bending waves in the capillary. Separation of 3 and 10 microns polystyrene microbeads in space by 800 /spl mu/m is achieved. E. Coli cells and blood cells can also be separated with particles with lower density than water being placed at the transverse velocity nodes and heavier particles at the antinodes.
MTM1 mutation associated with X-linked myotubular myopathy in Labrador Retrievers (2010)

Mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding myotubularin cause X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a well-defined subtype of human centronuclear myopathy. Seven male Labrador Retrievers, age 14-26 wk, were clinically evaluated for generalized weakness and muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsies showed variability in fiber size, centrally placed nuclei resembling fetal myotubes, and subsarcolemmal ringed and central dense areas highlighted with mitochondrial specific reactions. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the centrally located nuclei, abnormal perinuclear structure, and mitochondrial accumulations. Wild-type triads were infrequent, with most exhibiting an abnormal orientation of T tubules. MTM1 gene sequencing revealed a unique exon 7 variant in all seven affected males, causing a nonconservative missense change, p.N155K, which haplotype data suggest derives from a recent founder in the local population. Analysis of a worldwide panel of 237 unaffected Labrador Retrievers and 59 additional control dogs from 25 other breeds failed to identify this variant, supporting it as the pathogenic mutation. Myotubularin protein levels and localization were abnormal in muscles from affected dogs, and expression of GFP-MTM1 p.N155K in COS-1 cells showed that the mutant protein was sequestered in proteasomes, where it was presumably misfolded and prematurely degraded. These data demonstrate that XLMTM in Labrador Retrievers is a faithful genetic model of the human condition.
Multiplexing 200 modes on a single digital hologram (2017)

The on-demand tailoring of light's spatial shape is of great relevance in a wide variety of research areas. Computer-controlled devices, such as Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) or Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs), offer a very accurate, flexible and fast holographic means to this end. Remarkably, digital holography affords the simultaneous generation of multiple beams (multiplexing), a tool with numerous applications in many fields. Here, we provide a self-contained tutorial on light beam multiplexing. Through the use of several examples, the readers will be guided step by step in the process of light beam shaping and multiplexing. Additionally, on the multiplexing capabilities of SLMs to provide a quantitative analysis on the maximum number of beams that can be multiplexed on a single SLM, showing approximately 200 modes on a single hologram.
Performance of planar multisite microprobes in recording extracellular single-unit intracortical activity (1988)

The microprobes consist of a thin-film electrode array supported by a silicon micromachined substrate and insulated using deposited dielectrics. Microprobes with multiple recording sites spaced from 30 mu m to 200 mu m apart are used to record spontaneous single-unit activity from rat cerebral cortex. Additionally, a theoretical model is used to establish a basis for interpreting the multisite single-unit data. The results suggest that the microprobes (1) couple tightly to the neural tissue with relatively little disturbance to the neural system, (2) facilitate the identification of single units in multiunit records through the use of spatially-separate recording sites, and (3) can be used to detect the cell position in tissue and observe events such as the propagation of electrical activity from the soma to the dendritic tree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three-dimensional structure of a genetically engineered variant of porcine growth hormone. (1987)

The three-dimensional structure of a genetically engineered variant of porcine growth hormone, methionyl porcine somatotropin (MPS), has been determined at 2.8-A resolution, using single crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. Phases were obtained by use of a single isomorphous K2OsCl6 derivative and were improved by use of the density modification procedure. The MPS structure is predominantly helical. It consists mainly of four antiparallel alpha-helices arranged in a left twisted helical bundle, a structural motif observed in a number of other unrelated proteins. However, the way the four helices are connected in the bundle is unusual and, to our knowledge, has never been reported before. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of MPS with that of other growth hormones reveals that residues within the alpha-helices are predominantly invariant and thus these invariant residues are necessary to maintain the structural integrity of these proteins.
Detection of gold probes with video‐enhanced contrast microscopy: Nanovid microscopy (1989)

This contribution describes a new microscopic technique aimed at visualizing colloidal gold particles of 20-40 nm diameter as dynamic markers at the light microscopic level. The technique, called nanovid microscopy, is based on the use of contrast enhancement by video techniques and digital image processing. Two applications on living cells are discussed. The first is the receptor-mediated endocytosis of the transferrin receptor, which for the first time can be followed in real time. A second application documents the motion of cell-surface glycoproteins on PTK2-cells. In addition, nanovid microscopy allows the number of gold particles in immunogold staining to be quantified easily. With this tool, the translocation of specific molecules in living cells becomes one of the most enjoyable activities to observe.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and related compounds. Electrochemical redox pattern and allied chemical behavior (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and related compounds. Electrochemical redox pattern and allied chemical behaviorConrad O. Schmakel, K. S. V. Santhanam, and Philip J. ElvingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 18, 5083–5092Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00851a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00851a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views848Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-epitope-specific suppression of the antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines by preimmunization with vaccine components (1993)

Recently, conjugate vaccines containing Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HibCP) coupled to protein carriers were introduced for use in infants and certain adult risk groups. Similar conjugate vaccines against other capsulated bacteria are currently under development for both children and adults. Despite its potential importance, the possible influence of preexisting immunity to the components of such conjugates on the vaccination response in humans has been addressed by few studies. To study this issue, we randomized 82 healthy adult volunteers into six groups and vaccinated them twice, with a 4-week interval between immunizations. Four groups received tetanus toxoid (TT) or diphtheria toxoid (DT) and then HibCP coupled to TT (HibCP-TT) or DT (HibCP-DT). Two groups received HibCP-TT followed by HibCP-DT or vice versa. The total antibody levels to HibCP, TT, and DT and the anti-HibCP immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 levels were measured before and 4 weeks after the immunizations. For some of the vaccinees, the number of circulating antibody-secreting cells was evaluated 7 days after immunization. Surprisingly, preimmunization with the relevant carrier protein reduced the subsequent increase in the total HibCP antibody levels (P < 0.05), affecting the IgG1 and the IgG2 subclasses equally. Also, the responses to the carrier portions of the conjugates were suppressed, as demonstrated by the lack of significant increases in the antibody levels (P > or = 0.29) and, for HibCP-TT, by reduced numbers of anticarrier antibody-secreting cells (P = 0.009). Similar non-epitope-specific suppression was seen in the groups receiving both conjugates. Thus, preimmunization with one conjugate reduced the subsequent response to the carrier portion of the other conjugate (HibCP-DT and then HibCP-TT, P = 0.00002; HibCP-TT and then HibCP-DT, P = 0.06) as well as to HibCP itself. Possible mechanisms behind this non-epitope-specific suppression and its relevance for vaccine development are discussed.
Design and Implementation of Software Configuration Tool for Integrated Modular Avionics (2014)

ARINC 653 specification has been introduced as a standardized interface definition of real-time operating system to simplify the development of Integrated Modular Avionics. The ARINC 653 provides a strict and robust time and space partitioning to guarantee the reliability of avionics by isolating the failures of the system. Configuration data for the time and space partitions in the ARINC 653 can be defined as the XML configuration file that can be accessed only by system OS. Unfortunately, it is quite tedious activity to confirm the integrity of partition scheduling and to check the syntax errors of XML during the integration tasks. In this paper, we present a software configuration tool that provides generating the configuration data and verifying the integrity of partitioning based on XML Scheme of the ARINC 653 standard.
Tuning of the Luminescence in Multiblock Alternating Copolymers. 1. Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Poly[(silanylene)thiophene]s (1995)

Synthetic routes to alternating copolymers consisting of oligosilylene blocks and oligothiophene blocks (T-x; x = 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 rings) are presented. Solubility requirements for obtaining acceptable molecular weights and, eventually, for film formation are met by the introduction of butyl groups replacing methyls on the silicon atoms and by employing T-6 blocks carrying two octyl substituents. Additionally, substituted oligothiophenes are synthesized as an aid in the interpretation of NMR, absorption, and fluorescence spectra. Regarding the electronic configuration of the oligothiophene blocks, NMR spectra show clear differences between plain oligothiophenes, end-substituted oligothiophenes, and polymers, indicative of pi-sigma interactions with the oligosilylene blocks and possible through-conjugation to adjacent blocks in polymers. Red shifts in optical spectra show a parallel trend across the various compounds based on the same oligothiophene unit, related to the stabilization of photoexcited states on the oligothiophene by the oligosilylene substituents. These effects are strong in T-2-based compounds and reduced fdr longer T-n. The main feature of the spectra is the decrease of the transition energies with the size of the oligothiophene blocks in the polymers. Since this effect is also found in fluorescence, it enables one to adjust the luminescence wavelength by choosing the proper block length (''chemical tuning''). Fluorescence quantum efficiencies in solution are found to be remarkably high in polymers based on T-2 blocks. Spin-coated films of T-2-based (or T-3-based) polymers show evidence of T-4 (T-6) impurity blocks that act as an exciton trap.
Identification and allergenic activity of hydroxyaldehydes – a new type of oxidation product from an ethoxylated non‐ionic surfactant (2001)

Ethoxylated alcohols, which are widely used as surfactants, are susceptible to oxidation on air exposure. A complex mixture of oxidation products is formed, among which alkylated aldehydes, alkylated formates, formaldehyde and peroxides have previously been identified by our group. In the present study, we have identified a new class of oxidation product from the nonionic ethoxylated surfactant C12E5. These oxidation products are highly water-soluble hydroxyaldehydes with the general formula HO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CHO, n=1-4. To facilitate the identification of the hydroxyaldehydes in oxidized C12E5, reference compounds were synthesized. The sensitizing potential of 1 of the identified hydroxyaldehydes, HO(CH2CH2O)3CH2CHO, was studied in guinea pigs and was found to be weak. A significant cross-reactivity between this aldehyde and the next shorter homologue, HO(CH2CH2O)2CH2CHO, was observed. Irritant components, present in the oxidation mixture, facilitate the skin penetration of allergens, which further accentuates the importance of controlling the conditions of storage and handling of ethoxylated surfactants, to reduce the formation of allergenic and irritant oxidation products.
Increased tumorigenicity of fibronectin receptor deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell variants. (1991)

We have developed a series of variant clonal Chinese hamster ovary cell sublines which are deficient in the expression of the alpha 5/beta 1 integrin fibronectin receptor. When these clonal sublines were injected s.c. into nude mice, there were marked differences in the rate of tumor growth. Tumors from clones expressing very low levels of fibronectin receptor grew most rapidly, clones expressing levels of fibronectin receptor comparable to wild type cells grew at an intermediate rate, while a clone expressing elevated levels of fibronectin receptor grew slowly. Cells recovered from the tumors maintained their original phenotypes in terms of levels of fibronectin receptor expression. These results suggest that there is an inverse correlation between the level of expression of the alpha 5/beta 1 fibronectin receptor and the rate of tumor growth.
A novel Er-doped fiber laser with adjustable pulse output: Experiment (1996)

We propose a novel Er-doped fiber laser with an adjustable output pulse. The optical system is composed of an integrated optic circuit of LiNbO3 waveguide, a Sagnac fiber loop, and an Er-doped fiber. A simple analysis is presented and a related experiment is conducted. Our result shows that when the mode lock occurs both the pulse width and the pulse repetition can be simply adjusted by the amplitude of the phase modulation signal. In addition, this fiber laser can generate an output with unequal separations of optical pulse, and these separations are also adjustable. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Information Gathering as a Resource Bounded Interpretation Task TITLE2 (1997)

This paper describes the rationale, architecture, and preliminary implementation of a next generation information gathering system. The goal of this funded research is to exploit the vast amount of information sources available today on the NII including a growing number of digital libraries, independent news agencies, government agencies, as well as human experts providing a variety of services. The large number of information sources and their different levels of accessibility, reliability and associated costs present a complex information gathering coordination problem. We outline the structure and components of a next generation information gathering agent that plans to gather information to support a decision process, reasons about the resource trade-offs of different possible gathering approaches, extracts information from unstructured documents, and uses the extracted information to refine its search and processing activities.
Microspheres and microcapsules: A survey of manufacturing techniques. Part 1: Suspension cross‐linking (1989)

Abstract A methodological survey of preparation of microspheres and microcapsules by suspension cross‐linking is presented. Thus, basic features of suspension cross‐linking, i.e., the formation of small droplets of a polymer solution (or melt) in an immiscible liquid followed by hardening of these droplets by covalent cross‐linking, are discussed. Typical microspherical and microcapsular products manufactured by suspension cross‐linking of naturally occurring and preformed synthetic polymers, including agarose and cellulose beads, albumin microspheres and microcapsules, polystyrene beads and epoxy resin microcapsules, are described. Manufacturing parameters controlling microsphere/microcapsule characteristics are also briefly outlined.
Identification of slow correlated motions in proteins using residual dipolar and hydrogen-bond scalar couplings (2005)

Despite their importance for biological activity, slower molecular motions beyond the nanosecond range remain poorly understood. We have assembled an unprecedented set of experimental NMR data, comprising up to 27 residual dipolar couplings per amino acid, to define the nature and amplitude of backbone motion in protein G using the Gaussian axial fluctuation model in three dimensions. Slower motions occur in the loops, and in the beta-sheet, and are absent in other regions of the molecule, including the alpha-helix. In the beta-sheet an alternating pattern of dynamics along the peptide sequence is found to form a long-range network of slow motion in the form of a standing wave extending across the beta-sheet, resulting in maximal conformational sampling at the interaction site. The alternating nodes along the sequence match the alternation of strongly hydrophobic side chains buried in the protein core. Confirmation of the motion is provided through extensive cross-validation and by independent hydrogen-bond scalar coupling analysis that shows this motion to be correlated. These observations strongly suggest that dynamical information can be transmitted across hydrogen bonds and have important implications for understanding collective motions and long-range information transfer in proteins.
Inferring tumor progression from genomic heterogeneity (2009)

Cancer progression in humans is difficult to infer because we do not routinely sample patients at multiple stages of their disease. However, heterogeneous breast tumors provide a unique opportunity to study human tumor progression because they still contain evidence of early and intermediate subpopulations in the form of the phylogenetic relationships. We have developed a method we call Sector-Ploidy-Profiling (SPP) to study the clonal composition of breast tumors. SPP involves macro-dissecting tumors, flow-sorting genomic subpopulations by DNA content, and profiling genomes using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Breast carcinomas display two classes of genomic structural variation: (1) monogenomic and (2) polygenomic. Monogenomic tumors appear to contain a single major clonal subpopulation with a highly stable chromosome structure. Polygenomic tumors contain multiple clonal tumor subpopulations, which may occupy the same sectors, or separate anatomic locations. In polygenomic tumors, we show that heterogeneity can be ascribed to a few clonal subpopulations, rather than a series of gradual intermediates. By comparing multiple subpopulations from different anatomic locations, we have inferred pathways of cancer progression and the organization of tumor growth.
Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers (2015)

Vitrimers are polymer networks whose cross-links undergo associative exchange processes at elevated temperature, usually in the presence of an embedded catalyst. This design feature enables the reshaping of materials with mechanical properties similar to thermoset resins. Here we report a new class of vitrimers consisting of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) derived from six-membered cyclic carbonates and amines. PHU networks relax stress and may be reprocessed at elevated temperature and pressure in the absence of an external catalyst. The as-synthesized networks exhibit tensile properties comparable to those of leading thermosets and recover ca. 75% of their as-synthesized values following reprocessing. Stress relaxation occurs through an associative process involving nucleophilic addition of free hydroxyl groups to the carbamate linkages and exhibits an Arrhenius activation energy of 111 ± 10 kJ/mol, which is lower than that observed for molecular model compounds (148 ± 7 kJ/mol). These findings suggest that transcarbamoylation is activated by mechanical stress, which we attribute, on the basis of DFT calculations, to the twisting of N lone pairs out of conjugation with the carbonyl π orbitals. PHU vitrimers are a promising new class of repairable networks because of their outstanding mechanical properties, avoidance of toxic isocyanate monomers, and catalyst-free repair processes.
Chronic Ethanol Consumption in Mice Alters Hepatocyte Lipid Droplet Properties (2011)

These data suggest that ethanol contributes to macrosteatosis by both altering CLD protein composition and inducing lipid peroxide adduction of CLD-associated proteins.
Liquid Deposition Photolithography for Efficient Three Dimensional Structuring (2013)

Photonic devices increasingly require three dimensional (3D) control of refractive index, but existing fabrication methods such as femtosecond micromachining, multi-layer planar lithography and bulk diffusion can only address a select scale range, are often limited in complexity or thickness and have low throughput. This Thesis presents a new fabrication process, liquid deposition photolithography (LDP), that can efficiently create mm3 optical devices with programmable, gradient index of refraction with arbitrary feature size. Index contrast of 0.1 is demonstrated, which is 100 times larger than femtosecond micromachining and 20 times larger than commercial holographic photopolymers, allowing greater flexibility in photonic device fabrication.\nThe 3D volume is created through repetitive layering of liquid photopolymer, where each layer is structured and solidified by projection lithography. In addition to full 3D control of index, processing time in LDP is reduced compared to multi-layer planar lithography because the material is self-developing, enabling the entire process to be completed on a single instrument. The self-developing process has the unusual property that total fabrication time for a fixed thickness decreases as the number of layers is increased, enabling fabrication 105 faster than femtosecond micromachining. The high throughput and index contrast is demonstrated by sequentially writing 100 layers to fabricate a mm thick waveguide array that has a fabrication rate of 1.2 mm3/hour and index contrast of 0.1.
Electrical Stimulation of Somatic Afferent Nerves in the Foot Increases Bladder Capacity in Healthy Human Subjects (2013)

Foot stimulation can delay bladder filling sensations and significantly increase bladder capacity in healthy humans without overactive bladder. Although the study group was small, our results support moving forward with clinical trials of foot neuromodulation in patients with overactive bladder.