gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User-defined surface+motion gestures for 3d manipulation of objects at a distance through a mobile device (2012)

One form of input for interacting with large shared surfaces is through mobile devices. These personal devices provide interactive displays as well as numerous sensors to effectuate gestures for input. We examine the possibility of using surface and motion gestures on mobile devices for interacting with 3D objects on large surfaces. If effective use of such devices is possible over large displays, then users can collaborate and carry out complex 3D manipulation tasks, which are not trivial to do. In an attempt to generate design guidelines for this type of interaction, we conducted a guessability study with a dual-surface concept device, which provides users access to information through both its front and back. We elicited a set of end-user surface- and motion-based gestures. Based on our results, we demonstrate reasonably good agreement between gestures for choice of sensory (i.e. tilt), multi-touch and dual-surface input. In this paper we report the results of the guessability study and the design of the gesture-based interface for 3D manipulation.
Adenosine A2 receptors regulate the gene expression of striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons (1993)

Adenosine acts as a neuromodulator through A1 and A2 receptors. The adenosine analogs have been recognized, among other effects, as strong depressors of the locomotor activity by acting on striatal A2 receptors. Moreover, the A2a receptor subtype is exclusively expressed in the striatum. To elucidate at the cellular level the roles of adenosine in the basal ganglia, the anatomical and functional relationships of the A2 receptors with the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors were studied in the rat striatum. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used either in combination with retrograde labeling of striatonigral neurons to determine the projection site of A2a receptor expressing neurons, or on consecutive thin sections to address the putative coexpression of the A2a receptor with the D1 or D2 receptors in individual neurons. The A2a receptor is mainly expressed by neurons projecting to the globus pallidus and expressing also the dopamine D2 receptor and enkephalin, but very sparsely by neurons projecting to the substantia nigra that express the dopamine D1 receptor and substance P. We have further examined the regulatory effect of the A2 receptors on striatal gene expression using in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography. Rats unilaterally depleted in dopamine by an unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway used as a model of Parkinson's disease subsequently received chronic injections of saline or the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine. Intact rats were chronically treated with either saline, caffeine alone, caffeine with N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (an equipotent A1 and A2 agonist), or caffeine with cyclohexyladenosine (a more selective A1 agonist).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cloned human teratoma cells differentiate into neuron-like cells and other cell types in retinoic acid (1984)

ABSTRACT Single cell clones were isolated from the human teratoma line, Tera-2. The cells of three of these clones were studied. The progressively growing cells were shown to be tumorigenic, and they were characterized by the lack of expression of β 2β2-microglobulinand HLA-A,B,C determinants on the cell surface. The majority of the cells expressed Thy-1 antigen and a 90 × 103 molecular weight protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody F10.44.2; between a third and half of the cells expressed the sugar specificities detected by the anti-SSEA-1 monoclonal antibody. In response to 5 × 10−5 M-retinoic acid applied to cells in monolayer culture, the cells differentiated into a population of flat static cells arrested in the GI phase of the cell cycle. A substantial proportion of these differentiated cells expressed β 2-microglobulin and 43 × 103 molecular weight HLA-A,B,C polypeptides, Thy-1, SSEA-1 sugar determinants, and the 90 × 103 protein recognized by F10.44.2. The apparent molecular weight of fibronectin secreted by the cells decreased by about 5 × 103Mr to 235 × 103Mr after differentiation. The progressively growing cells lacked reactivity with reagents that mark cells in the nervous system. Following aggregation and retinoic acid treatment, neuron-like cells were formed. These cells reacted with reagents that also react with human neurons in culture: they reacted with tetanus toxin, the anti-neurofilament antibodies BF10 and RT97, the anti-ganglioside, GQlc antibody F12 A2B5, and anti-Thy-1. The progressively growing cells of these Tera-2 clones are therefore capable of forming at least two types of cell: the flat cells in monolayer cultures and the neuron-like cells. None of the cell populations reacted with the monoclonal antibody against SSEA-3 and these cloned cells are therefore distinct from previous isolates from Tera-2.
Inhibitory Effects of Cytomegalovirus Proteins US2 and US11 Point to Contributions from Direct Priming and Cross-Priming in Induction of Vaccinia Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells (2002)

The extent to which naive CD8(+) CTLs (T(CD8)(+)) are primed by APCs presenting endogenous Ags (direct priming) or Ags acquired from other infected cells (cross-priming) is a critical topic in basic and applied immunology. To examine the contribution of direct priming in the induction of VV-specific T(CD8)(+), we generated recombinant vaccinia viruses that express human CMV proteins (US2 and US11) that induce the destruction of newly synthesized MHC class I molecules. Expression of US2 or US11 was associated with a 24-63% decrease in numbers of primary or secondary VV-specific T(CD8)(+) responding to i.p. infection. Using HPLC-isolated peptides from VV-infected cells, we show that US2 and US11 selectively inhibit T(CD8)(+) responses to a subset of immunogenic VV determinants. Moreover, VV-US2 and lysates from VV-infected histoincompatible cells elicit T(CD8)(+) specific for a similar subset of VV determinants. These findings indicate that US2 and US11 can function in vivo to interfere with the activation of virus-specific T(CD8)(+). Furthermore, they suggest that 1) both cross-priming and direct priming contribute significantly to the generation of VV-specific T(CD8)(+), 2) the sets of immunogenic vaccinia virus determinants generated by cross-priming and direct priming are not completely overlapping, and 3) cross-priming overrides the effects of cis-acting viral interference with the class I Ag presentation pathway.
DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE (1989)

Neuropsychological deficits including cognitive impairment as well as depression are among the most frequent and important mental disorders found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It has never been determined, however, whether there is a specific relationship between cognitive impairment and depression. A consecutive series of patients with PD was therefore examined for the presence of depression and neuropsychological deficits. Severity of depression was found to be the single most important factor associated with the severity of cognitive impairment. When PD patients with major depression were compared with an age and stage-matched group of nondepressed patients with PD using a neuropsychological battery, major depressed patients performed significantly worse than the nondepressed patients on all aspects of neuropsychological function tested. These impairments were most pronounced on frontal lobe tasks.
Gene therapy strategies for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis (2001)

Chronic viral hepatitis is a major clinical problem, with over half a billion persons infected worldwide. Current therapies, principally treatment with recombinant IFN-alpha protein, have limited benefit. Recent studies suggest that gene-based expression of IFN-alpha is a possible therapeutic alternative that may improve the effectiveness of treatment. Gene delivery to the liver and consequent IFN-alpha expression therein, has the potential to concentrate the protein at the target organ and provide more continuous exposure to the therapeutic agent. Other potential gene and nucleic acid therapeutics for viral hepatitis are also being investigated. Key to the deployment of these future therapies is a suitable method of gene delivery. Although recombinant viral vector systems, such as adenovirus, are currently the most effective means of gene delivery to the liver, their use presents many concerns. These include immune and inflammatory reactions to the viral vector and possible adverse interactions between the recombinant virus and the pre-existing viral infection. Non-viral gene delivery systems would be a preferred treatment modality. The efficiency of current non-viral systems is not adequate for systemically administered liver gene therapy. However, recent use of membrane permeabilisation techniques has shown that high efficiency non-viral gene transfer agents are possible. The future coupling of these improved delivery systems with gene- or nucleic acid-based therapeutics currently in development holds out great promise for new generations of antihepatitis therapies.
Isolation and properties of a new short ragweed pollen allergen, Ra6. (1983)

Two chromatographic forms (A and B) of the rapidly released short ragweed (Ambrosia elatior) pollen allergen Ra6 were isolated to antigenic ultrapurity by a combination of membrane filtration and ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Both Ra6 forms had a m.w. of 11,500 by gel filtration chromatography and 8000 by SDS-PAGE, and each consisted of two cathodically migrating bands on agarose electrophoresis at pH 8.5. Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis detected two similar sequences (sequence 1 and sequence 2), which were present in different proportions in each of the chromatographic forms of Ra6. Among a ragweed-positive population sample (n = 101), 21% had specific IgE antibody (ab) and 42% specific IgG ab toward Ra6A; among ragweed-negative subjects (n = 260), 10.8% had IgG ab. We were unable to discriminate between Ra6A and Ra6B immunologically with the use of hyperimmune animal antisera or IgE and IgG ab from five Ra6-allergic humans. It appears that Ra6 is composed of at least four closely related isoallergens of similar size but slightly different charges and amino acid sequences, which appeared to be antigenically and allergenically indistinguishable according to present evidence.
Mitochondrial genome damage associated with cigarette smoking. (1996)

We have investigated the level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and deletions in bronchoalveolar lavage tissues from smokers and nonsmokers using quantitative, extra-long PCR and a "common" mtDNA deletion assay. Smokers had 5.6 times the level of mtDNA damage, 2.6 times the damage at a nuclear locus (beta-globin gene cluster), and almost 7 times the level of a 4.9-kb mtDNA deletion compared to nonsmokers, although the latter increase was not significant. Although both genomes (mitochondrial and nuclear) showed significantly increased levels of DNA damage in smokers (mtDNA P = 0.00072; beta-globin P = 0.0056), the relative differences were greatest in the mtDNA. Damage to the mtDNA may inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and, therefore, potentially cause or contribute to chronic lung disease and cancer. Consequently, the mtDNA may be a sensitive biomarker for environmentally induced genetic damage and mutation.
TSUNAMI: an antisense method to phenocopy splicing-associated diseases in animals (2012)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are versatile molecules that can be designed to specifically alter splicing patterns of target pre-mRNAs. Here we exploit this feature to phenocopy a genetic disease. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SMN1 gene. The related SMN2 gene expresses suboptimal levels of functional SMN protein due to alternative splicing that skips exon 7; correcting this defect-e.g., with ASOs-is a promising therapeutic approach. We describe the use of ASOs that exacerbate SMN2 missplicing and phenocopy SMA in a dose-dependent manner when administered to transgenic Smn(-/-) mice. Intracerebroventricular ASO injection in neonatal mice recapitulates SMA-like progressive motor dysfunction, growth impairment, and shortened life span, with α-motor neuron loss and abnormal neuromuscular junctions. These SMA-like phenotypes are prevented by a therapeutic ASO that restores correct SMN2 splicing. We uncovered starvation-induced splicing changes, particularly in SMN2, which likely accelerate disease progression. These results constitute proof of principle that ASOs designed to cause sustained splicing defects can be used to induce pathogenesis and rapidly and accurately model splicing-associated diseases in animals. This approach allows the dissection of pathogenesis mechanisms, including spatial and temporal features of disease onset and progression, as well as testing of candidate therapeutics.
Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems -An Overview (2008)

In the last two decades colon targeted drug delivery has gained increased importance not just for the deliver drugs for the treatment of various colonic diseases but also for its potential for delivery of proteins and therapeutic peptides. In the past various traditional approaches used for colon targeted delivery like prodrugs, pH, time dependent, and microflora activated systems, have achieved limited success. For successful colon targeted drug delivery, the drug needs to be protected from absorption and/or the environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract and then be abruptly released into the colon. Hence continuous efforts have been made on designing colon targeted drug delivery systems with improved site specificity and versatile drug release kinetics to fulfill different therapeutic needs. In last couple of years few new systems have been developed for colon targeted drug delivery such as pressure dependent systems, CODES technology, microsponges, pectin and galactomannan coating, microbially triggered osmotic systems, lectins and neoglyconjugated etc. which are reported to have better in-vivo site specificity and design rationale than the earlier approaches. This review article gives an overview of various approaches for colonic targeted drug delivery with emphasis on newer systems, their merits and demerits, in vitro/ in-vivo evaluation and market status of such delivery systems.
PatSearch: a program for the detection of patterns and structural motifs in nucleotide sequences (2003)

Regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level involves the interaction between short DNA or RNA tracts and the corresponding trans-acting protein factors. Detection of such cis-acting elements in genome-wide screenings may significantly contribute to genome annotation and comparative analysis as well as to target functional characterization experiments. We present here PatSearch, a flexible and fast pattern matcher able to search for specific combinations of oligonucleotide consensus sequences, secondary structure elements and position-weight matrices. It can also allow for mismatches/mispairings below a user fixed threshold. We report three different applications of the program in the search of complex patterns such as those of the iron responsive element hairpin-loop structure, the p53 responsive element and a promoter module containing CAAT-, TATA- and cap-boxes. PatSearch is available on the web at http://bighost.area.ba.cnr.it/BIG/PatSearch/.
A minimal parameter adaptive notch filter with constrained poles and zeros (1985)

A new algorithm is presented for adaptive notch filtering and parametric spectral estimation of multiple narrow-band or sine wave signals in an additive broad-band process. The algorithm is of recursive prediction error (RPE) form and uses a special constrained model of infinite impulse response (IIR) with a minimal number of parameters. The convergent filter is characterized by highly narrow bandwidth and uniform notches of desired shape. For sufficiently large data sets, the variances of the sine wave frequency estimates are of the same order of magnitude as the Cramer-Rao bound. Results from simulations illustrate the performance of the algorithm under a wide range of conditions.
Eye-Head Coordination (1988)

To direct head and eyes toward a target and ultimately fixate it with the fovea, an animal must solve three problems. First, he must compute the angular distance between his foveal lines of sight and the target to be acquired. This angular distance is referred to as retinal error; its absolute magnitude will determine the amplitude of the saccadic eye movement that will be produced. Second, the animal must initiate a head movement that will be compatible in amplitude with the saccadic eye movement. Third, since the eyes usually move first and with higher velocity than the head, their lines of sight will reach and fixate the target while the head is still moving. To stabilize his eyes with respect to a stationary target during head movement, the animal must perform a rotational eye movement that, by being opposite in direction from the movement of the head, but equal to it in amplitude and velocity, allows the fovea to remain constantly on the target. This movement is termed compensatory.KeywordsHead MovementSmooth PursuitAngular DistanceDirect HeadVestibular ReceptorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility: biological and clinical aspects (2006)

Sperm chromatin/DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information, and normal sperm chromatin structure is important for sperm fertilizing ability. The routine examination of semen, which includes sperm concentration, motility and morphology, does not identify defects in sperm chromatin structure. The origin of sperm DNA damage and a variety of methods for its assessment are described. Evaluation of sperm DNA damage appears to be a useful tool for assessing male fertility potential both in vivo and in vitro. The possible impact of sperm DNA defects on the offspring is also discussed.
An antibody which specifically recognizes prelamin A but not mature lamin A: application to detection of blocks in farnesylation-dependent protein processing. (1994)

A polyclonal antibody [anti-prelamin A antibody (alpha-PA)] has been obtained against the peptide LLGNSSPRTQSPQN which is proteolytically removed during the farnesylation-dependent processing of prelamin A to mature lamin A. We tested the ability of this antibody to detect inhibition of farnesylation-dependent protein processing of prelamin A. The alpha-PA antibody was shown to immunoprecipitate prelamin A from lovastatin-treated HeLa cells but not mature lamin A from untreated cells. Further studies were performed after antigen-affinity chromatographic purification of the antibody. Western blotting of lovastatin-treated HeLa cell extract demonstrated that the purified alpha-PA antibody recognizes prelamin A. Furthermore, this signal could be competed away by incubation with the peptide. Indirect immunofluorescence helped detect nuclear accumulation of the antigen in response to treatment of HeLa cells with lovastatin or in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells transiently transfected with a prelamin A mutant blocked in farnesylation. This antibody should be useful for screening compounds that may block any of the three common steps in the farnesylation-dependent processing of proteins (farnesylation, endoproteolysis, and carboxymethylation) since it appears that prelamin A undergoes all of these reactions prior to removal of the antigenic peptide. Inhibitors of these reactions have been proposed as potential anticancer drugs, since they would be expected to block the biological activity of oncogenic p21ras proteins. Since such screening would be performed most efficiently by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we can detect the accumulation of prelamin A after treatment with lovastatin by performing this procedure as well. Application of alpha-PA in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which demonstrates the activity of a peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, supports the use of this antibody in large scale screening for inhibitors of farnesylation-dependent protein processing.
A Novel Solution‐Stamping Process for Preparation of a Highly Conductive Aluminum Thin Film (2011)

A novel solution-stamping process for the preparation of a highly conductive aluminum thin film on both rigid and flexible substrates is proposed. The superior electrical properties of Al thin films fabricated by the solution-stamping process compared to silver and gold films fabricated from colloidal nanoparticles are experimentally demonstrated, and their applications in electronic circuits on rigid and flexible substrates and to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are investigated.
The Total Synthesis of Steroids1 (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Total Synthesis of Steroids1R. B. Woodward, Franz Sondheimer, David Taub, Karl Heusler, and W. M. McLamoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 17, 4223–4251Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01137a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8164Altmetric-Citations329LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cytoplasmic induction and over‐expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in human prostate cancer: implications for prevention and treatment (2000)

This is the first study to assess the co-expression of COX-1 and COX-2 proteins in benign and malignant human prostates, and showed the induction and significantly greater expression of COX-2 in cancer, which was also associated with tumour grade. The regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a reduced incidence of cancers. The present results provide the basis for a potential role for COX-2 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
Receptor and βγ Binding Sites in the α Subunit of the Retinal G Protein Transducin (1997)

Transmembrane receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, light, and odorants mediate their cellular effects by activating heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). Crystal structures have revealed contact surfaces between G protein subunits, but not the surfaces or molecular mechanism through which Galphabetagamma responds to activation by transmembrane receptors. Such a surface was identified from the results of testing 100 mutant alpha subunits of the retinal G protein transducin for their ability to interact with rhodopsin. Sites at which alanine substitutions impaired this interaction mapped to two distinct Galpha surfaces: a betagamma-binding surface and a putative receptor-interacting surface. On the basis of these results a mechanism for receptor-catalyzed exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate is proposed.