gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models of Wound Healing (1990)

The investigation of wound healing is dependent on the use of various models. This paper reviews several methods used to study wound healing, particularly in regard to connective tissue metabolism. The usefulness and potential pitfalls of cell culture are discussed. Several species of animals have been used as models for human healing, rodents being the most frequently employed. In an attempt to provide better wound tissue sampling from these animals, insertable devices have been developed that allow the ingrowth of healing tissue. Several of these devices are reviewed with reference to their advantages and disadvantages. Connective tissue deposition into wounds can be evaluated by wound strength measurement and hydroxyproline quantitation. Histologic methods are available to evaluate the cellular and matrix details within the wound. Additionally, methods developed in molecular biology are becoming applicable to healing studies and a safe means of investigating collagen metabolism in humans by the use of a stable oxygen isotope is being developed. The study of fetal wound healing provides an excellent example of the utility of many of these methods in achieving an understanding of the biology of this remarkable scarless process.
III-V solar cell growth on wafer-bonded GaAs/Si-substrates (2006)

The MOVPE (Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy) growth of GaAs single-junction solar cells on layer transferred GaAs/Si-substrates is reported. This novel type of alternative substrates for III-V epitaxial growth was realised by performing the Smart Cuttrade technology. HRXRD-measurements proved good material quality by a FWHM of about 30 arcsecond reveal a dislocation density below 4times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> for a 5 mum thick GaAs layer. Due to the formation of cracks the performance of GaAs single-junction solar cells has only been in the range of 12 %
Myeloid cell neuropilin 1 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance via suppression of Nlrp3 inflammasome (2018)

The history of neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) research is checkered with many unexpected and exciting findings. Nrp1 functions as a co-receptor for class 3 semaphorins, and several canonical growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). It has been implicated in the development of central nervous system, angiogenesis, and migration. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Nrp1 is also highly expressed in immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Until now, the functions of Nrp1 within these cells remained poorly studied and elusive. Here, we provide exciting insights on a novel role for myeloid cell Nrp1 in the mitigation of dietary insulin resistance through inhibiting Nlrp3 inflammasome.
Fast $\ell_{1}$-Minimization Algorithms for Robust Face Recognition (2013)

l1-minimization refers to finding the minimum l1-norm solution to an underdetermined linear system [Formula: see text]. Under certain conditions as described in compressive sensing theory, the minimum l1-norm solution is also the sparsest solution. In this paper, we study the speed and scalability of its algorithms. In particular, we focus on the numerical implementation of a sparsity-based classification framework in robust face recognition, where sparse representation is sought to recover human identities from high-dimensional facial images that may be corrupted by illumination, facial disguise, and pose variation. Although the underlying numerical problem is a linear program, traditional algorithms are known to suffer poor scalability for large-scale applications. We investigate a new solution based on a classical convex optimization framework, known as augmented Lagrangian methods. We conduct extensive experiments to validate and compare its performance against several popular l1-minimization solvers, including interior-point method, Homotopy, FISTA, SESOP-PCD, approximate message passing, and TFOCS. To aid peer evaluation, the code for all the algorithms has been made publicly available.
Aliasing in XCS and the Consecutive State Problem: 1 - effects (1999)

Whilst XCS (Wilson, 1998) has been shown to be more robust and reliable than previous LCS implementations (Kovacs, 1996, 1997), Lanzi (1997) identified a potential problem in the application of XCS to certain simple multi-step non Markovian environments. The &amp;apos;Aliasing Problem&amp;apos; occurs when the environment provides the same message for two states in environmental positions that generate different constant payoffs. This prevents classifiers forming a correct payoff prediction for that message. This paper introduces a sub-class of the aliasing problem termed the &amp;apos;Consecutive State Problem&amp;apos; and uses the subclass to identify the effects of consecutive state aliasing on the learning of the State Action Payoff mapping within XCS. It is shown that aliasing states can prevent the formation of classifiers covering preceding states due to the trade-off of accuracy for match set occupancy made by the classifiers covering the aliasing states. This can be prevented by identifying a condition encoding which makes such match set &amp;apos;piracy&amp;apos; improbable. However,
Neuregulins with an Ig-like domain are essential for mouse myocardial and neuronal development. (1996)

Neuregulins are ligands for the erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases and mediate growth and differentiation of neural crest, muscle, breast cancer, and Schwann cells. Neuregulins contain an epidermal growth factor-like domain located C-terminally to either an Ig-like domain or a cysteine-rich domain specific to the sensory and motor neuron-derived isoform. Here it is shown that elimination of the Ig-like domain-containing neuregulins by homologous recombination results in embryonic lethality associated with a deficiency of ventricular myocardial trabeculation and impairment of cranial ganglion development. The erbB receptors are expressed in myocardial cells and presumably mediate the neuregulin signal originating from endocardial cells. The trigeminal ganglion is reduced in size and lacks projections toward the brain stem and mandible. We conclude that IgL-domain-containing neuregulins play a major role in cardiac and neuronal development.
Effects of Nonstructural Proteins NS1 and NS2 of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus on Interferon Regulatory Factor 3, NF-κB, and Proinflammatory Cytokines (2005)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of serious pediatric acute respiratory tract infections, and a better understanding is needed of the host response to HRSV and its attenuated vaccine derivatives. It has been shown previously that HRSV nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 (NS1 and NS2) inhibit the induction of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) in A549 cells and human macrophages. Two principal transcription factors for the early IFN-beta and -alpha1 response are interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). At early times postinfection, wild-type HRSV and the NS1/NS2 deletion mutants were very similar in the ability to activate IRF-3. However, once NS1 and NS2 were expressed significantly, they acted cooperatively to suppress activation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Since these viruses differed greatly in the induction of IFN-alpha/beta, NF-kappaB activation was evaluated in Vero cells, which lack the structural genes for IFN-alpha/beta and would preclude confounding effects of IFN-alpha/beta. This showed that deletion of the NS2 gene sharply reduced the ability of HRSV to induce activation of NF-kappaB. Since recombinant HRSVs from which the NS1 or NS2 genes have been deleted are being developed as vaccine candidates, we investigated whether the changes in activation of host transcription factors and increased IFN-alpha/beta production had an effect on the epithelial production of proinflammatory factors. Viruses lacking NS1 and/or NS2 stimulated modestly lower production of RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted), interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha compared to wild-type recombinant RSV, supporting their use as attenuated vaccine candidates.
Electrostriction as the Origin of Piezoelectricity in Ferroelectric Polymers (1990)

Electric-field-induced changes in thickness have been measured interferometrically for thin films of ferroelectric VDF/TrFE copolymers. For sinusoidal fields high enough to induce ferroelectric switching, the strain x in the thickness direction draws a hysteresis loop of butterfly shape while the electric displacement D draws a conventional square D – E hysteresis loop. The x is shown to be proportional to D 2 . Their ratio gives the electrostriction constant κ 33 ranging from -2.1 to -2.5 m 4 /C 2 . Low-field measurements for poled samples with remnant polarization P r yield a linear relationship between x and D . The piezoelectric constant given by the ratio x / D coincides with 2κ 33 P r , implying that the piezoelectric activity of VDF copolymers originates from electrostrictive coupling as does that of traditional ferroelectrics. The role of the dimensional effect in both piezoelectricity and electrostriction is discussed.
Evidence of Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasodilatation in Patients with Angina Pectoris and Normal Coronary Angiograms (1993)

These findings suggest that endothelium-dependent dilatation of the resistance coronary arteries is defective in patients with anginal chest pain and normal coronary arteries, which may contribute to the altered regulation of myocardial perfusion in these patients.
Analysis of the Genetic Determinant for Production of the Peptide Antibiotic Nisin (1990)

The structural gene for the precursor of the peptide antibiotic nisin was isolated and characterized. As with other lanthionine-containing antibiotics, nisin is synthesized as a pre-propeptide which undergoes post-translational modification to generate the mature antibiotic. The sequence data obtained agreed with those of precursor nisin genes isolated by other workers from different Lactococcus lactis strains. Analysis of regions flanking the precursor nisin gene revealed the presence of a downstream open reading frame that may be involved in maturation of the precursor molecule. Nucleotide sequences characteristic of an IS element were located upstream of the nisin determinant. This element, termed IS904, is present in multiple copies in the genome of L. lactis. The nisin determinant of L. lactis is a component of a large transmissible gene block that also encodes nisin resistance and sucrose-metabolizing genes. Gene probe experiments indicated that the nisin/sucrose gene block was located in the chromosome. Furthermore, the copy of IS904 identified adjacent to the precursor nisin gene lies at, or very close to, one end of this transmissible DNA segment and may play a role in mediating its transfer between strains.
Novel peripheral blood-derived human cell lines with properties of megakaryocytes. (1985)

For 18 mo, we derived 18 cell lines from 11 donors with various clinical profiles ranging from normal to leukemic. Suspension cultures were initiated with 1 X 10(6) mononuclear blood cells/ml of nutrient medium containing 10% human serum and 10% lectin-stimulated human lymphocyte conditioned medium. The cultures were monitored weekly by morphological analyses of Wright-Giemsa-stained cell preparations. All successful cultures showed a significant decline in viability during the first 3-4 wk with rate "lymphoid" cells observed in mitosis. Within the next 2 wk, the proliferating cells gave rise to a rapidly expanding population of mononuclear cells. As the cultures expanded, cell morphology became heterogeneous with respect to cell size and nuclear ploidy, with an accumulation of giant multinuclear cells that were suggestive of megakarocytes. Even though the cells did not have the classical morphology of mature platelet-forming megakaryocytes, 90% of the cells within a cell line were positive by direct or indirect immunofluorescence for the platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa; for surface markers HLA-Dr and B2-microglobulin; for intracellular platelet-derived growth factor and platelet factor IV; and for membrane affinity or binding with serum platelet-derived growth factor and platelet factor IV. These results suggest that a blood precursor cell, most likely a primitive megakaryoblast, was isolated from the peripheral blood and was provided with an optimal culture environment for sustained growth. These cells did not mature to a more differentiated stage, perhaps owing to regulatory factor deficiencies in this in vitro system. The remarkable frequency of obtaining cell lines with megakaryocyte properties from normal peripheral blood and the capacity of some normal donors to repeatedly yield these cell lines make this cell culture system indeed unique by being selective for putative megakaryocyte precursors.
Potential targeting of B7‐H4 for the treatment of cancer (2017)

Observations noting the presence of white blood cell infiltrates within tumors date back more than a century, however the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating tumor immunity continue to be elucidated. The recent successful use of monoclonal antibodies to block immune regulatory pathways to enhance tumor-specific immune responses for the treatment of cancer has encouraged the identification of additional immune regulatory receptor/ligand pathways. Over the past several years, a growing body of data has identified B7-H4 (VTCN1/B7x/B7S1) as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. The potential clinical significance of B7-H4 is supported by the high levels of B7-H4 expression found in numerous tumor tissues and correlation of the level of expression on tumor cells with adverse clinical and pathologic features, including tumor aggressiveness. The biological activity of B7-H4 has been associated with decreased inflammatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses and a correlation between B7-H4-expressing tumor-associated macrophages and FoxP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment. Since B7-H4 is expressed on tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in various cancer types, therapeutic blockade of B7-H4 could favorably alter the tumor microenvironment allowing for antigen-specific clearance tumor cells. The present review highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting B7-H4.
Incompletely Condensed Silsesquioxanes:  Versatile Tools in Developing Silica-Supported Olefin Polymerization Catalysts (2002)

no abstract
ARK5 promotes doxorubicin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (2016)

AMP-activated protein kinase family member 5 (ARK5) overexpression has been reported in many human cancers, and ARK5 is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether ARK5 is involved in HCC chemoresistance is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of ARK5 in HCC chemoresistance and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that SNU387 and SNU449 HCC cell lines overexpressing ARK5 displayed low doxorubicin sensitivity compared to Huh7 and Hep3B HCC cell lines with ARK5 low-expression. And knockdown of ARK5 increased the doxorubicin sensitivity in all HCC cell lines in the manner of inhibiting cell proliferation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence both showed that ARK5 knockdown upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated vimentin, which was consistent with the knockdown of TWIST, indicating ARK5 was involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, suppressing ARK5 by siRNA restored E-cadherin and vimentin expression induced by doxorubicin treatment or hypoxia culture. Our results indicated ARK5 confers doxorubicin resistance in HCC via inducing EMT.
보육시설 다문화가정 아동의 교육 실태와 정책적 지원방안에 관한 연구 (2009)

본 연구에서는 다문화가정에 대한 정책으로 보호 또는 보장 받아야 할 대상과 그러한 보호 또는 보장의 범주는 과연 어디까지인지, 그러한 정책에도 불구하고 그들이 겪고 있는 어려움은 무엇인지 발달과정의 차이를 확인하여, 그들의 학업 성취 부분에 있어서 취약한 부분은 어떤 것들이 있는지 문제점들을 짚어보고, 그러한 것들을 고려하여 공보육 실현을 위한 정책적 지원 방안은 어떠한 방향으로 설정되어야 할지 시사점을 도출해 보고자 하였다.이에 따라 본 연구에서는 서울시의 다문화가정의 영유아가 있는 보육시설에 재원 중인 영유아 및 보육교사, 해당 보육시설에 재원중인 다문화가정의 부모를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 통하여 일반가정 아동과 다문화가정 아동들을 비교분석 자료로 활용하였고, 분석방법으로는 ANOVA 분석을 하였다.
Triple-decked sandwich compounds. Planar C2B3H54- cyclocarborane ligands analogous to C5H5- (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriple-decked sandwich compounds. Planar C2B3H54- cyclocarborane ligands analogous to C5H5-Don C. Beer, Vernon R. Miller, Larry G. Sneddon, Russell N. Grimes, M. Mathew, and Gus J. PalenikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 9, 3046–3048Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00790a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00790a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neogenin-RGMa Signaling at the Growth Cone Is Bone Morphogenetic Protein-independent and Involves RhoA, ROCK, and PKC (2007)

The repulsive guidance molecule RGMa has been shown to induce outgrowth inhibition of neurites by interacting with the transmembrane receptor neogenin. Here we show that RGMa-induced growth cone collapse is mediated by activation of the small GTPase RhoA, its downstream effector Rho kinase and PKC. In contrast to DRG cultures from neogenin-/- mice, in which no RGMa-mediated growth cone collapse and activation of RhoA occurred, treatment of wild type DRG neurites with soluble RGMa led to a marked activation of RhoA within 3 min followed by collapse, but left Rac1 and Cdc42 unaffected. Furthermore, preincubation of DRG axons with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist noggin had no effect on RGMa-mediated growth cone collapse, implying that the role of RGM in axonal guidance is neogenin- and not BMP receptor-dependent. Pretreatment with 1) C3-transferase, a specific inhibitor of the Rho GTPase; 2) Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase; and 3) Gö6976, the general PKC inhibitor, strongly inhibited the collapse rate of PC12 neurites. Growth cone collapse induced by RGMa was abolished by the expression of dominant negative RhoA, but not by dominant negative Rac1. In contrast to RGMa, netrin-1 induced no growth cone retraction but instead reduced RGMa-mediated growth cone collapse. These results suggest that activation of RhoA, Rho kinase, and PKC are physiologically relevant and important elements of the RGMa-mediated neogenin signal transduction pathway involved in axonal guidance.
Protein Purification by Fusion with an Environmentally Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptide: Effect of Polypeptide Length on the Purification of Thioredoxin (2001)

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) undergo a reversible, soluble-to-insoluble phase transition in aqueous solution upon heating through a characteristic transition temperature (T(t)). Incorporating a terminal ELP expression tag into the gene of a protein of interest allows ELP fusion proteins to be purified from cell lysate by cycles of environmentally triggered aggregation, separation from solution by centrifugation, and resolubilization in buffer. In this study, we examine the effect of ELP length on the expression and purification of a thioredoxin-ELP fusion protein and show that reducing the size of the ELP tag from 36 to 9 kDa increases the expression yield of thioredoxin by 4-fold, to a level comparable to that of free thioredoxin expressed without an ELP tag, while still allowing efficient purification. However, truncation of the ELP tag also results in a more complex transition behavior than is observed with larger tags. For both the 36 kDa and the 9 kDa ELP tag fused to thioredoxin, dynamic light scattering showed that large aggregates with hydrodynamic radii of approximately 2 microm form as the temperature is raised to above the T(t). These aggregates persist at all temperatures above the T(t) for the thioredoxin fusion with the 36 kDa ELP tag. With the 9 kDa tag, however, smaller particles with hydrodynamic radii of approximately 12 nm begin to form at the expense of the larger, micron-size aggregates as the temperature is further raised above the T(t). Because only large aggregates can be effectively retrieved by centrifugation, efficient purification of fusion proteins with short ELP tags requires selection of solution conditions that favor the formation of the micron-size aggregates. Despite this additional complexity, our results show that the ELP tag can be successfully truncated to enhance the yield of a target protein without compromising its purification.
Analysis and development of locomotion devices for the gastrointestinal tract (2002)

The authors are developing devices for semi-autonomous or autonomous locomotion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this paper, they illustrate the systematic approach to the problem of "effective" locomotion in the GI tract and the critical analysis of "inchworm" locomotion devices, based on extensor and clamper mechanisms. The fundamentals of locomotion and the practical problems encountered during the development and the testing (in vitro and in vivo) of these devices are discussed. A mini device capable of propelling itself in the colon and suitable to perform, at least, rectum-sigmoidoscopy (the tract where approximately 60% of all colon cancers are found) is presented. This paper introduces preliminary, but useful, concepts for understanding, modeling and improving the performance of virtually any existing and novel devices for endoscopy of the GI tract.