gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lewis Acid Catalysts Stable in Water. Correlation between Catalytic Activity in Water and Hydrolysis Constants and Exchange Rate Constants for Substitution of Inner-Sphere Water Ligands (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLewis Acid Catalysts Stable in Water. Correlation between Catalytic Activity in Water and Hydrolysis Constants and Exchange Rate Constants for Substitution of Inner-Sphere Water LigandsShū Kobayashi, Satoshi Nagayama, and Tsuyoshi BusujimaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Science University of Tokyo (SUT) CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 32, 8287–8288Publication Date (Web):August 1, 1998Publication History Received4 March 1998Published online1 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980715qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980715qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7075Altmetric-Citations337LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Ethers,Lewis acids,Metals,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
High internal electric field in a graded-width InGaN/GaN quantum well: Accurate determination by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (2001)

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), at T=8 K, is used to study a graded-width InGaN/GaN quantum well. Across the sample, the well width continuously varies from ∼5.5 to 2.0 nm corresponding to PL peak energies varying between 2.0 and 2.9 eV and to PL decay rates covering four orders of magnitude. The plot of decay times versus PL energies is very well fitted by a calculation of the electron–hole recombination probability versus well width. The only fitting parameter is the electric field in the well, which we find equal to 2.45±0.25 MV/cm, in excellent agreement with experimental Stokes shifts for this type of samples.
Polyethylenimine Carbon Nanotube Fiber Electrodes for Enhanced Detection of Neurotransmitters (2014)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based microelectrodes have been investigated as alternatives to carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the detection of neurotransmitters because they are sensitive, exhibit fast electron transfer kinetics, and are more resistant to surface fouling. Wet spinning CNTs into fibers using a coagulating polymer produces a thin, uniform fiber that can be fabricated into an electrode. CNT fibers formed in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been used as microelectrodes to detect dopamine, serotonin, and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we characterize microelectrodes with CNT fibers made in polyethylenimine (PEI), which have much higher conductivity than PVA-CNT fibers. PEI-CNT fibers have lower overpotentials and higher sensitivities than PVA-CNT fiber microelectrodes, with a limit of detection of 5 nM for dopamine. The currents for dopamine were adsorption controlled at PEI-CNT fiber microelectrodes, independent of scan repetition frequency, and stable for over 10 h. PEI-CNT fiber microelectrodes were resistant to surface fouling by serotonin and the metabolite interferant 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). No change in sensitivity was observed for detection of serotonin after 30 flow injection experiments or after 2 h in 5-HIAA for PEI-CNT electrodes. The antifouling properties were maintained in brain slices when serotonin was exogenously applied multiple times or after bathing the slice in 5-HIAA. Thus, PEI-CNT fiber electrodes could be useful for the in vivo monitoring of neurochemicals.
Predicting composition of leg sections with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, using magnetic resonance imaging as reference (1999)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate and compare with anthropometry a fundamental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method for predicting muscle and adipose tissue composition in the lower limb. Healthy volunteers (eight men and eight women), aged 41 to 62 years, with mean (S.D.) body mass indices of 28.6 (5.4) kg/m2 and 25.1 (5.4) kg/m2 respectively, were subjected to MRI leg scans, from which 20-cm sections of thigh and 10-cm sections of lower leg (calf) were analysed for muscle and adipose tissue content, using specifically developed software. Muscle and adipose tissue were also predicted from anthropometric measurements of circumferences and skinfold thicknesses, and by use of fundamental BIA equations involving section impedance at 50 kHz and tissue-specific resistivities. Anthropometric assessments of circumferences, cross-sectional areas and volumes for total constituent tissues matched closely MRI estimates. Muscle volume was substantially overestimated (bias: thigh, -40%; calf, -18%) and adipose tissue underestimated (bias: thigh, 43%; calf, 8%) by anthropometry, in contrast to generally better predictions by the fundamental BIA approach for muscle (bias: thigh, -12%; calf, 5%) and adipose tissue (bias: thigh, 17%; calf, -28%). However, both methods demonstrated considerable individual variability (95% limits of agreement 20-77%). In general, there was similar reproducibility for anthropometric and fundamental BIA methods in the thigh (inter-observer residual coefficient of variation for muscle 3.5% versus 3.8%), but the latter was better in the calf (inter-observer residual coefficient of variation for muscle 8.2% versus 4.5%). This study suggests that the fundamental BIA method has advantages over anthropometry for measuring lower limb tissue composition in healthy individuals.
Randomized phase II study of docetaxel with or without ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) or icrucumab (IMC-18F1) in patients with urothelial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) following progression on first-line platinum-based therapy. (2012)

TPS4675^ Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Two antibodies (ramucirumab or icrucumab) in combination with docetaxel are being tested in this clinical study. Ramucirumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) that specifically binds with high affinity to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), thereby blocking the interaction of VEGF ligands. Ramucirumab inhibits VEGF-mediated proliferation of human endothelial cells and migration of human leukemia cells. Icrucumab is a fully human IgG1 MAb that specifically binds with high affinity to VEGFR-1 and blocks the binding of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) to the receptor, thereby inhibiting subsequent signaling. Blockage of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 by antibodies demonstrates antiangiogenic and antitumor activity and prevents dissemination and growth of lung metastases in several tumor xenograft models. Methods: This study includes patients (pts) with TCC with progressive disease after prior platinum-based therapy. Pts are randomized equally to 1 of 3 open-label treatments given on a 21-day cycle: docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) on Day 1 (Arm A); docetaxel on Day 1 and ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) on Day 1 (Arm B); or docetaxel on Day 1 and icrucumab (12 mg/kg) on Days 1 and 8 (Arm C). Randomization is stratified by the absence/presence of visceral metastases and receipt of prior antiangiogenic therapy. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcome measures include response rate and duration of response, overall survival, and pharmacodynamic markers, including circulating levels of PlGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, soluble VEGFR-1, and soluble VEGFR-2. Exploratory analyses of VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 genetic polymorphisms will be performed. As of 12 January 2012, approximately 20% of 138 planned pts were randomized in the US and Canada. The sample size will allow differentiation of an expected increase in median PFS from 3.0 months to 4.5 months with a one-sided alpha of 0.1 and a power of 71%. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01282463.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Functionalization at a Prochiral Carbon Center by the Aid of Sulfinyl Chirality: A Selective Formation of 6‐Substituted (3R,Ss)and (3S,Ss)‐3‐Hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐5‐(p‐tolyl)sulfinyl‐2H‐pyrans. (1987)

Abstract The iodomethyl‐1,3‐dioxane (IV) and the chiral sulfones (VII), prepared as shown in the reaction scheme, are coupled and then cyclized to form the bicyclic sulfinyldioxanes (IX).
Staphylococci express a receptor for human transferrin: identification of a 42-kilodalton cell wall transferrin-binding protein (1994)

Staphylococcus aureus and the coagulase-negative staphylococci are commonly responsible for peritonitis in renal patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. To simulate growth conditions in vivo, staphylococci isolated from peritoneal infections were cultured in used human peritoneal dialysate (HPD). Immunoblotting experiments using cell wall preparations from these staphylococci revealed the presence of the host iron-binding glycoprotein transferrin bound to S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis but not to S. warneri or S. saprophyticus. Similar results were obtained by incubating broth-grown staphylococci with human transferrin, although, in contrast to S. aureus, the coagulase-negative staphylococci bound more transferrin after growth in iron-restricted broth. To determine whether the staphylococci express a saturable specific receptor for human transferrin, the interaction of human 125I-transferrin with the staphylococci was examined. Both S. aureus and S. epidermidis bound the radiolabelled iron-saturated ligand in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. From competition binding assays, the affinity (Kd) and number of receptors were estimated for S. epidermidis (Kd, 0.27 microM; 4,200 receptors per cell) and S. aureus (Kd, 0.28 microM; 4,200 receptors per cell). S. epidermidis but not S. aureus receptor activity was partially iron regulated. Human apotransferrin and iron-saturated transferrin and rabbit and rat transferrins competed equally well for the staphylococcal receptor. Bovine and porcine transferrins and ovotransferrin as well as human and bovine lactoferrins were much less effective at competing with human transferrin. Treatment of whole staphylococci with protease abolished transferrin binding, indicating the involvement of cell surface protein. Western blots (immunoblots) of cell wall preparations probed with human transferrin revealed the presence of a 42-kDa transferrin-binding protein common to both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. On Western strip blots, the binding of human transferrin to this protein was blocked by labelled human transferrin but not by albumin, immunoglobulin G, or bovine transferrin or ovotransferrin. To assess the conservation of the 42-kDa transferrin-binding protein, cell wall proteins of S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. capitis, S. hominis, S. warneri, and S. saprophyticus were Western blotted and probed with human transferrin. Only S. warneri and S. saprophyticus lacked the 42-kDa wall protein, consistent with their inability to bind transferrin. These data show that the staphylococci express a specific receptor for human transferrin based at least in part on a common 42-kDa cell wall protein.
A Nanocage for Nanomedicine: Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) (2011)

Ground-breaking advances in nanomedicine (defined as the application of nanotechnology in medicine) have proposed novel therapeutics and diagnostics, which can potentially revolutionize current medical practice. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with a distinctive nanocage structure consisting of an inner inorganic framework of silicon and oxygen atoms, and an outer shell of organic functional groups is one of the most promising nanomaterials for medical applications. Enhanced biocompatibility and physicochemical (material bulk and surface) properties have resulted in the development of a wide range of nanocomposite POSS copolymers for biomedical applications, such as the development of biomedical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, dental applications, and biological sensors. The application of POSS nanocomposites in combination with other nanostructures has also been investigated including silver nanoparticles and quantum dot nanocrystals. Chemical functionalization confers antimicrobial efficacy to POSS, and the use of polymer nanocomposites provides a biocompatible surface coating for quantum dot nanocrystals to enhance the efficacy of the materials for different biomedical and biotechnological applications. Interestingly, a family of POSS-containing nanocomposite materials can be engineered either as completely non-biodegradable materials or as biodegradable materials with tuneable degradation rates required for tissue engineering applications. These highly versatile POSS derivatives have created new horizons for the field of biomaterials research and beyond. Currently, the application of POSS-containing polymers in various fields of nanomedicine is under intensive investigation with expectedly encouraging outcomes.
Chemopreventive effects of ferulic acid on oral and rice germ on large bowel carcinogenesis. (2000)

Effects of ferulic acid (FA) known as a major constituent of rice bran or germ on 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis were examined in 4 groups of male rats. The incidences of tongue carcinomas and preneoplastic lesions (severe dysplasia) in rats of the group given FA in the diet at a dose of 500 ppm after exposure to 4NQO for 5 weeks in drinking water at a dose of 20 ppm, was significantly lower on termination of the experiment (32 weeks) in the group with the carcinogen alone (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001 respectively). The results suggest chemopreventive activity for this phenolic compound on oral cancer. Modifying effects of rice germ on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were also examined, in 8 groups of male F344 rats. Numbers of ACF/colon, ACF/cm2 and aberrant crypts/colon in the group treated with AOM (15 mg/kg s.c. once a week for 3 weeks) and gamma-amino butylic acid (GABA)-enriched defatted rice germ (2.5% in diet) or the group with AOM and rice germ (2.5% in diet) were smaller than those of the group with AOM alone (P < 0.005). Exposure to defatted rice germ or rice germ during the initiation phase or the post-initiation phase also decreased incidences of AOM-induced large bowel neoplasms (P < 0.05). These results suggest chemopreventive potential for rice germ on colonic neoplasia.
The Subsite Structures of Guanine-Specific Ribonucleases and a Guanine-Preferential Ribonuclease. Cleavage of Oligoinosinic Acids and Poly I1 (1985)

In order to estimate the size of the active site of guanylic acid specific RNases (RNase T1 from Aspergillus oryzae and RNase St from Streptomyces erythreus) and guanine-preferential RNase (RNase Ms from A. saitoi), the depolymerization reaction of oligoinosinic acid, (Ip)nI greater than p, having various chain lengths was studied. The kinetic parameters for depolymerization of oligoinosinic acids, (pKm, log V and log V/Km) by the three RNases increased with increase of the chain length of the substrates, and became almost constant at n = 2 or more. Thus, the size of the active site of RNase T1, RNase St, and RNase Ms was estimated to be three nucleotides in length.
Reference-free cell mixture adjustments in analysis of DNA methylation data (2014)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Improves Innate and Adaptive Immunity in an Influenza-Specific Murine Vaccination Model (2018)

Dietary intervention with 2'FL improves both humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination in mice, which might be attributed in part to the direct effects of 2'FL on immune cell differentiation.
Effects of High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation on Respiratory Control in Humans (1989)

We studied the spontaneous breathing patterns of 10 normal adult volunteers during high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), accomplished by inflating and deflating a vest worn around each subject's thorax at 2.5 Hz. Tidal volumes generated by HFCWO averaged 100 ml. Mean vest pressure was maintained at approximately 35 cm H2O throughout each experiment, even when HFCWO was not applied. During HFCWO, subjects were instructed occasionally to exhale deeply to obtain end-tidal samples representative of PACO2. HFCWO increased the breath-to-breath variability of spontaneous respiration in all subjects, prolonging expiratory pauses and producing short apneas in some cases. PACO2 decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). The effects on minute ventilation, tidal volume, and inspiratory and expiratory durations remained variable across subjects, even when differences in PACO2 between control and HFCWO states were reduced through inhalation of a low CO2 mixture. None of the changes were statistically significant, although average expiratory duration increased by 29%. Ventilatory responses to CO2 with and without HFCWO were also measured. Normocapnic (PACO2 = 40 mm Hg) ventilatory drive increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in six subjects (Type 1 response) and decreased substantially in the others (Type 2 response); with hypercapnia, the changes in drive were attenuated in both groups. Consequently, CO2 sensitivity decreased in Type 1 subjects and increased in Type 2 subjects. A simple analysis based on this result shows that with HFCWO, Type 2 subjects breathing air will tend to have a lower spontaneous minute ventilation and become hypercapnic. Type 1 subjects will become hypocapnic, but minute ventilation may be higher or lower than control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Many-body optical gain of wurtzite GaN-based quantum-well lasers and comparison with experiment (1998)

The optical gain of wurtzite InxGa1−xN/In0.02Ga0.98N and GaN/AlxGa1−xN quantum well (QW) lasers taking into account many-body effects is investigated. The valence band structures are calculated as a function of strain and well thickness. The inclusion of compressive strain shows better lasing performance because of the increase of the subband energy separation in the valence band. Our theoretical gain spectra of In0.15Ga0.85N/In0.02Ga0.98N QW lasers are in good agreement with measured ones reported by Nakamura, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 712 (1997). It is also shown that there is a universal relation governing the dependence of the band-gap renormalization on the two-dimensional carrier density for GaN-based QW lasers as there is for the infrared III-V systems.
Identification and Quantification of Organic Vapors by Time-Resolved Diffusion in Stacked Mesoporous Photonic Crystals (2011)

Microsensors for gas-phase analytes are fundamentally limited by their inability to discriminate between analytes. While cross-reactive arrays consisting of multiple different sensor elements provide one means to identify individual analytes, these "artificial nose" devices rely on complicated data processing algorithms and they generally suffer from significant zero-point drift. Herein, we present a single component optical sensor that is capable of identifying chemical compounds at parts-per-million concentrations. The device consists of a stack of three mesoporous silicon-based photonic crystals; a porous "drift tube" is sandwiched between two optically responsive layers. The drift layer temporally separates the optical responses of the other layers, and this difference is shown to be characteristic of the analyte.
Obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder. (1994)

A wide range of psychiatric and medical disorders have been hypothesized to be related to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and thus, together, to form a family of disorders known as obsessive compulsive (or OCD) spectrum disorder. The grouping of these conditions is based on their phenomenological similarities with OCD (i.e., obsessive thinking and/or compulsive behaviors), as well as their having courses of illness, comorbidity and family history patterns, biological abnormalities, and treatment responses similar to OCD. Proposed OCD spectrum disorders have included body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, anorexia nervosa, trichotillomania, and some forms of delusional disorder, among others. However, conditions with impulsive features have also been hypothesized to belong to this family, including impulse control disorders in general, paraphilias and nonparaphilic sexual addictions, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, and Tourette's disorder. We review the evidence supporting the grouping of these conditions into an OCD spectrum disorder family. We conclude that these disorders are different in some ways from OCD, but that they also have many similarities with OCD, and may therefore be related to one another and to OCD. In addition, we hypothesize that some of the differences among them may be explained in part by variation along a dimension of compulsivity versus impulsivity. Finally, because most of these conditions appear to be related to mood disorder, we hypothesize that the OCD spectrum disorder family may belong to the larger family of affective spectrum disorder.
Stroke and Its Prevention in Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

This is a review of stroke mechanisms and management. The concept of stroke and transient ischemic attack and the recently proposed revision in definitions and controversies are discussed. We also discuss the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for stroke due to carotid and cardiac disease.
Gene targeting by linear duplex DNA frequently occurs by assimilation of a single strand that is subject to preferential mismatch correction (1997)

To study targeted recombination, a single linear 2-kb fragment of LEU2 DNA was liberated from a chromosomal site within the nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by expression of the site-specific HO endonuclease. Gene targeting was scored by gene conversion of a chromosomal leu2 mutant allele by the liberated LEU2 fragment. This occurred at a frequency of only 2 x 10(-4), despite the fact that nearly all cells successfully repaired, by single-strand annealing, the chromosome break created by liberating the fragment. The frequency of Leu+ recombinants was 6- to 25-fold higher in pms1 strains lacking mismatch repair. In 70% of these cases, the colony was sectored for Leu+/Leu-. Similar results were obtained when a 4. 1-kb fragment containing adjacent LEU2 and ADE1 genes was liberated, to convert adjacent leu2 and ade1 mutations on the chromosome. These results suggest that a linear fragment is not assimilated into the recipient chromosome by two crossovers each close to the end of the fragment; rather, heteroduplex DNA between the fragment and the chromosome is apparently formed over the entire region, by the assimilation of one of the two strands of the linear duplex DNA. Moreover, the recovery of Leu+ transformants is frequently defeated by the cell's mismatch repair machinery; more than 85% of mismatches in heteroduplex DNA are corrected in favor of the resident, unbroken (mutant) strand.