gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Measurement of Airway Responsiveness in Allergic Mice Using Barometric Plethysmography (1997)

To study the mechanisms and kinetics underlying the development of increased airway responsiveness (AR) after allergic sensitization, animal models have been invaluable. Using barometric whole-body plethysmography and increases in enhanced pause (Penh) as an index of airway obstruction, we measured responses to inhaled methacholine in conscious, unrestrained mice after sensitization and airway challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Sensitized and challenged animals had significantly increased AR to aerosolized methacholine compared with control animals. AR measured as Penh was associated with increased IgE production and eosinophil lung infiltration. In a separate approach we confirmed the involvement of the lower airways in the response to aerosolized methacholine using tracheotomized mice. Increases in Penh values after methacholine challenge were also correlated with increased intrapleural pressure, measured via an esophageal tube. Lastly, mice demonstrating AR using a noninvasive technique also demonstrated increased pulmonary resistance responses to aerosolized methacholine when measured using an invasive technique the following day in the same animals. The increases in Penh values were inhibited by pretreatment of the mice with a beta 2-agonist. These data indicate that measurement of AR to inhaled methacholine by barometric whole-body plethysmography is a valid indicator of airway hyperresponsiveness after allergic sensitization in mice. The measurement of AR in unrestrained, conscious animals provides new opportunities to evaluate the mechanisms and kinetics underlying the development and maintenance of airway hyperresponsiveness and to assess various therapeutic interventions.
Adult Stem Cells in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2006)

The progressive increase in life expectancy within the last century has led to the appearance of novel health related problems, some of those within the musculoskeletal field. Among the latter, one can find diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and bone cancer, just to mention some of the most relevant. Other related problems are those that arise from serious injuries, often leading to non-recoverable critical size defects. The therapies currently used to treat this type of diseases/injuries are based on the use of pharmaceutical agents, auto/allotransplant and synthetic materials. However, such solutions present a number of inconveniences and therefore, there is a constant search for novel therapeutic solutions. The appearance of a novel field of science called Tissue engineering brought some hope for the solution of the above mentioned problems. In this field, it is believed that by combining a 3D porous template--scaffold--with an adequate cell population, with osteo or chondrogenic potential, it will be possible to develop bone and cartilage tissue equivalents that when implanted in vivo, could lead to the total regeneration of the affected area. This ideal cell population should have a series of properties, namely a high osteo and chondrogenic potential and at the same time, should be easily expandable and maintained in cultures for long periods of time. Due to its natural and intrinsic properties, stem cells are one of the best available cell types. However, after this sentence, the readers may ask, "Which Stem Cells?". During the last 10/15 years, the scientific community witnessed and reported the appearance of several sources of stem cells with both osteo and chondrogenic potential. Therefore, the present review intends to make an overview of data reported on different sources of adult stem cells (bone marrow, periosteum, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and umbilical cord) for bone and cartilage regenerative medicine, namely those focusing on the differentiation potential of the latter as well as in vivo proof of concept of their applicability. Simultaneously novel aspects of adult stem cells biotechnology such as their immunogenic characteristics and cell expansion methodologies will also be put forward. The present review also points out on issues such as the bone and cartilage regenerative market, and gives a brief description on bone and cartilage bone biology, so the readers can have a true idea of the current state of the art, and how adult stem cells can be an added value to this field.
Synthesis and Reactions of Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes That Contain the 2,6-Dichlorophenylimido Ligand (2007)

Tungsten alkylidene complexes that contain the 2,6-dichlorophenylimido ligand (NArCl), W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(ORF6)2 and W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(Biphen)(THP) (ORF6 = OCMe(CF3)2; Biphen2- = 3,3'-di-t-Bu-5,5',6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diolate; THP = tetrahydropyran), have been prepared from W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(OSO2CF3)2(dme). Reaction of W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(ORF6)2 with excess ethylene gave the tungstacyclobutane complex W(NArCl)(ORF6)2(C3H6), while reaction of W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(ORF6)2 with internal olefins gave the dimer, [W(μ-NArCl)(ORF6)2]2. W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(Biphen)(THP) reacted with excess ethylene to give W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C3H6), which yielded W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C2H4)(THF) upon addition of THF. The tungstacyclopentane complex, W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C4H8), was formed upon treatment of W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C2H4)(THF) with ethylene. W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C3H6) decomposed to yield (inter alia) the dimeric, heterochiral methylidene complex, [W(NArCl)(Biphen)(μ-CH2)]2, which decomposed further to yield homochiral [W(NArCl)(Biphen)]2(μ-CH2CH2). Finally, [W(NArCl)(Biphen)]2(μ-CH2CH2) loses ethylene reversibly to yield [W(NArCl)(Biphen)]2, which could not be isolated in pure form. {W(μ-NArCl)[OC(CF3)2Me]2}2, W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C3H6), W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C2H4)(THF), W(NArCl)(Biphen)(C4H6), [W(NArCl)(Biphen)(μ-CH2)]2, and [W(NArCl)(Biphen)]2(μ-CH2CH2) were characterized through X-ray studies.
Interleukin-6 prevents dexamethasone-induced myeloma cell death (1994)

The effects of dexamethasone on the growth of four human multiple myeloma cell lines were studied. In addition, the effects on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) genes were investigated by the use of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Dexamethasone (Dex) concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-6) mol/L inhibited IL-6 gene expression in three of four cell lines studied, whereas the higher concentration of the hormone inhibited also IL-6R gene expression. Dex effects were modulated through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dex treatment resulted in killing of sensitive cells associated with DNA fragmentation, which could be reversed by concomitant treatment with IL-6. The reversal of Dex-mediated effects by IL-6 did not result from an inhibition of GR function as measured by receptor nuclear translocation or Dex-regulated reporter gene function. These results indicate that blockage of the IL-6 signaling pathway is essential for effective myeloma cell kill by Dex.
Essential guide to telecommunications, the, third edition (2001)

The completely updated nontechnical telecom guide for business people and other professionals. Advanced cellular networks Optical technologies Globalization Convergence The Internet Cable modems and DSLIn the past two years, the telecommunications industry has undergone major changes. The Essential Guide to Telecommunications, Third Edition, is your complete guide to the new realities of telecommunications. new edition reflects all of today's most critical issues, trends and technologies. In addition to providing crucial insights into the fast-changing competitive landscape, Annabel Dodd provides important information about the structure of, and key players in, the industry.The Essential Guide to Telecommunications, Third Edition will give you an easy-to-comprehend, broad understanding of this fast-changing industry. Coverage includes: Optical technologies expanded Advanced cellular networks: 2.5G and 3G standards Speech recognition, call centers and PBXs Comprehensive coverage of key players and the state of telecommunications in Europe, Asia, and Latin America Updated and expanded coverage of the Internet and convergenceWhat readers of the previous editions had to say: With jargon-free definitions, clear schematic drawings and its steady narrative drive,The Essential Guide to Telecommunications is a reassuring testament to the human ability to comprehend and communicate at some fundamental level even the most bewildering technology.-David Warsh, The Boston Globe This book cuts through all the jargon and mysterious acronyms to give easily understood explanations of telecommunications, from the basics to the latest technology. I refer to it on a regular basis and constantly recommend it to others.-Michael Rieke, Editor of the Dow Jones Bandwidth Intelligence Alert It is fair to say that Annabel Dodd has done more to demystify the industry for more people than anyone else in Massachusetts. For those who don't know bandwidth from a band saw or optical networks from an ophthalmologist, Dodd's book offers valuable insights into the products and services that fall under the telecommunications umbrella.-Katherine Raphaelson, Director, Massachusetts Telecommunications Council This book is written for those who have little or no technical background. It's an easy-to-read overview of much of the technology available now and great if you have no patience for technical terminology.-George Runkle, The Motley Fool, Inc.
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2003)

Major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment. While the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern. Emphasis on screening and expansion of treatment needs to be accompanied by a parallel emphasis on treatment quality improvement.
Autonomic imbalance: prophet of doom or scope for hope? (2010)

It has long been recognized that cardiac autonomic neuropathy increases morbidity and mortality in diabetes and may have greater predictive power than traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events. Significant morbidity and mortality can now be attributable to autonomic imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system regulation of cardiovascular function. New and emerging syndromes include orthostatic tachycardia, orthostatic bradycardia and an inability to use heart rate as a guide to exercise intensity because of the resting tachycardia. Recent studies have shown that autonomic imbalance may be a predictor of risk of sudden death with intensification of glycaemic control. This review examines an association of autonomic dysregulation and the role of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines that promote cardiovascular risk. In addition, conditions of autonomic imbalance associated with cardiovascular risk are discussed. Potential treatment for restoration of autonomic balance is outlined.
The applicability of clinical scoring systems: SCORAD and PASI in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. (1997)

The lack of standard systems for assessment of disease severity poses a problem for the introduction of rational quality control in dermatology. The scoring systems often involve assessment of the same aspects of disease, and it may therefore be conceivable that one system could potentially be applied to routine clinical work and form the basis of disease quantification in dermatology. This study was undertaken to compare PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and SCORAD (SCOring index of Atopic Dermatitis) scoring systems, to assess disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis (14) and atopic dermatitis (14) were scored with both systems, and correlation coefficients and multiple regression coefficients were calculated. A significant correlation between SCORAD and PASI was found (rs = 0.66). Correlation coefficients were highest (rs = 0.87) when only atopic patients were studied, and lowest (rs = 0.57) when only psoriatic patients were studied. Assessments of area and erythema are suggested as candidates for a generalised scoring systems for dermatological disease. The results suggest that in spite of the overlap between the two score systems, significant diagnosis-specific differences exist, and neither PASI nor SCORAD is an optimal general dermatological scoring system for disease severity. Additional methodological developments are necessary.
Development of a validated end-to-end model for space-based lidar systems (2007)

LIDAR systems are becoming an important tool in many areas of remote data collection. Recently, BATC has applied their integrated modeling toolset, EOSyM (End-to-end Optical System Model), to development of a LIDAR system model. With the recent successful launch and deployment of the Calipso remote sensing instrument, an additional opportunity was present to develop a partially validated model from combined test data and measureables from the flight. The concept was to validate the CALIPSO system model and then use this tool to facilitate the system engineering process for future space-based designs. The system model includes the important physics of a laser, the CALIPSO optical prescription for the transmitter and receiver, thermoelastic disturbances, a simple atmospheric model, detection and signal processing of the data. This paper describes the model development process using EOSyM, some initial results with comparison to flight data and proposed future developments to expand it's use for future missions.
Effect of Olsalazine and Mesalazine on Intraluminal pH of the Duodenum and Proximal Jejunum in Healthy Humans (1994)

Our results indicate that the effect of olsalazine on jejunal transport of electrolytes and water, observed in experimental studies, also applies to human subjects in steady-state conditions, and adaptation does not occur within 6 days.
Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Store‐Operated Calcium Entry (2009)

Controlled variation in intracellular calcium concentration is a key component of the immune response signaling pathway in lymphocytes. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in these cells provides a prolonged increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations and ultimately leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Molecules that inhibit SOCE could therefore be useful immunomodulating agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other conditions. Although the presence of the SOCE signaling pathway in lymphocytes and other cells involved in the immune response has been known for many years, key proteins involved in SOCE were identified only recently. The identification of these proteins may further enable the identification of agents that inhibit SOCE without affecting other cellular processes. This contribution documents representative examples of the small-molecule inhibitors of SOCE that have been reported to date. Where possible, methods that were used to characterize the mechanism of action of the inhibitors are also described.
Functional Immobilization and Patterning of Proteins by an Enzymatic Transfer Reaction (2010)

Functional immobilization and lateral organization of proteins into micro- and nanopatterns is an important prerequisite for miniaturizing bioanalytical and biotechnological devices. Here, we report an approach for efficient site-specific protein immobilization based on enzymatic phosphopantetheinyl transfer (PPT) from coenzyme A (CoA)-functionalized glass-type surfaces to specific peptide tags. We devised a bottom-up surface modification approach for coupling CoA densely to a molecular poly(ethylene glycol) polymer brush. Site-specific enzymatic immobilization of proteins fused to different target peptides for the PPTase Sfp was confirmed by real-time label-free detection. Quantitative protein-protein interaction experiments confirmed that significantly more than 50% of the immobilized protein was fully active. The method was successfully applied with different proteins. However, different immobilization efficiencies of PPT-based immobilization were observed for different peptide tags being fused to the N- and C-termini of proteins. On the basis of this immobilization method, we established photolithographic patterning of proteins into functional binary microstructures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization—Cycloaddition Cascade of Rhodium Carbenoids Using Different Carbonyl Groups. Highlighting the Position of Interaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ontogeny of Proteolytic Immunity (2004)

We report the chemical activity of immunoglobulin micro and kappa/lambda subunits expressed on the surface of B cells and in secreted IgM antibodies (Abs) found in the preimmune repertoire. Most of the nucleophilic reactivity of B cells measured by formation of covalent adducts of a hapten amidino phosphonate diester was attributed to micro and kappa/lambda subunits of the B cell receptor. Secreted IgM Abs displayed superior nucleophilic reactivity than IgG Abs. IgM Abs catalyzed the cleavage of model peptide substrates at rates up to 344-fold greater than IgG Abs. Catalytic activities were observed in polyclonal IgM Abs from immunologically naïve mice and humans without immunological disease, as well as monoclonal IgM Abs to unrelated antigens. Comparison of several IgM Abs indicated divergent activity levels and substrate preferences, with the common requirement of a basic residue flanking the cleavage site. Fab fragments of a monoclonal IgM Ab expressed catalytic activity, confirming the V domain location of the catalytic site. The catalytic reaction was inhibited by the covalently reactive hapten probe and diisopropylfluorophosphate, suggesting a serine protease-like mechanism. These observations indicate the existence of serine protease-like BCRs and secreted IgM Abs as innate immunity components with potential roles in B cell development and Ab effector functions.
An efficient threshold group signature scheme (2004)

Globalization of the Internet has boosted electronic information exchange on both the personal and business levels. The popularity turned information communication and secure Internet transactions, which require the verification of digital signatures and identities, into a hot issue. Most existing digital signature schemes are based on the public key system of RSA and ElGamal. Security thus depends on solving factorization and the discrete logarithm. However, the encryption-decryption key of the RSA is too large and the signature authentication of ElGamal takes too long, making this method unsuitable for certain systems. Additionally, the superior security and efficiency of the elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) provides an imperative application foreground. This study integrates the short secret key characteristic of the elliptic curve cryptosystem and the (t,n) threshold method to create a signature scheme with simultaneous signing. The distinguishing feature of the proposed scheme is that the threshold value denotes the minimum number of members required to produce a valid group signature. All message recipients then can verify the signature.
High-Efficiency Intracellular Magnetic Labeling with Novel Superparamagnetic-Tat Peptide Conjugates (1999)

A biocompatible, dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide particle was derivatized with a peptide sequence from the HIV-tat protein to improve intracellular magnetic labeling of different target cells. The conjugate had a mean particle size of 41 nm and contained an average of 6.7 tat peptides. Derivatized particles were internalized into lymphocytes over 100-fold more efficiently than nonmodified particles, resulting in up to 12.7 x 10(6) particles/cell. Internalized particles localized in cytoplasm and nuclear compartments as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Labeled cells were highly magnetic, were detectable by NMR imaging, and could be retained on magnetic separation columns. The described method has potential applications for in vivo tracking of magnetically labeled cells by MR imaging and for recovering intracellularly labeled cells from organs.
StarDriver: Recent results on beam smoothing and LPI mitigation (2016)

StarDriver was recently proposed as a highly flexible laser driver for inertial confinement fusion and high energy density physics. It envisions a laser drive consisting of very many beams at an aperture and energy where the optical technology is well-developed, used in concert to create a large scale laser driver system. In this paper we describe a StarDriver-class laser with 5120 physical beamlets disposed about the target chamber in 80 evenly spaced ports, each port containing 64 beamlets, each beamlet having about ∼1.5THz of 2D SSD bandwidth and suitable phase plates, an aperture of ∼65mm, an energy of 80J, and frequency-converted to ∼351nm.many beamlets at an aperture where optical technology is well-developed, and each beamlet has energy ∼100J in a several times diffraction limited beam. The ensemble of beamlets has frequency bandwidth 2%-10%, thereby providing significant control of both hydrodynamic and laser-plasma instabilities The drive at the target is ∼400kJ, has a well-behaved low L-mode spectrum, and smooths very rapidly, reaching an asymptotic smoothness of <1% in less than Ins.
Phase II Study of SU5416, a Small Molecule Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients with Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2004)

Although SU5416 had minimal clinical activity, signs of biological activity (decrease in plasma VEGF levels) suggest that angiogenic modulation may be of value in patients with MM.
A systematic review on reporting and assessment of adverse effects associated with transcranial direct current stimulation (2011)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation that has been intensively investigated in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. Although the general impression is that tDCS is a safe technique with mild and transient adverse effects (AEs), human data on safety and tolerability are largely provided from single-session studies in healthy volunteers. In addition the frequency of AEs and its relationship with clinical variables is unknown. With the aim of assessing tDCS safety in different conditions and study designs, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of tDCS clinical trials. We assessed Medline and other databases and reference lists from retrieved articles, searching for articles from 1998 (first trial with contemporary tDCS parameters) to August 2010. Animal studies, review articles and studies assessing other neuromodulatory techniques were excluded. According to our eligibility criteria, 209 studies (from 172 articles) were identified. One hundred and seventeen studies (56%) mentioned AEs in the report. Of these studies, 74 (63%) reported at least one AE and only eight studies quantified AEs systematically. In the subsample reporting AEs, the most common were, for active vs. sham tDCS group, itching (39.3% vs. 32.9%, p>0.05), tingling (22.2% vs. 18.3%, p>0.05), headache (14.8% vs. 16.2%, p>0.05), burning sensation (8.7% vs. 10%, p>0.05) and discomfort (10.4% vs. 13.4%, p>0.05). Meta-analytical techniques could be applied in only eight studies for itching, but no definite results could be obtained due to between-study heterogeneity and low number of studies. Our results suggested that some AEs such as itching and tingling were more frequent in the tDCS active group, although this was not statistically significant. Although results suggest that tDCS is associated with mild AEs only, we identified a selective reporting bias for reporting, assessing and publishing AEs of tDCS that hinders further conclusions. Based on our findings, we propose a revised adverse effects questionnaire to be applied in tDCS studies in order to improve systematic reporting of tDCS-related AEs.