gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Relationship Between Veering of Eigenvalue Loci and Parameter Sensitivity of Eigenfunctions (1992)

The nature of the eigensolution of a general self-adjoint system in which two eigenvalues become nearly equal is studied for the relationship between the eigenvalue loci, which are the plot of eigenvalues versus a system parameter, and the manner in which the eigenfunctions change with changes in that parameter. A perturbation series solution is used to relate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for different values of the parameter. Criteria governing the occurrence of veering of these loci, as opposed to intersection, are established. It is proven that in the veering region, the eigenfunctions are linear combinations of the corresponding eigenfunctions at the outer limits of the veering zone, and that those combinations are highly sensitive to the value of the system parameter. A corollary is that in systems whose individual subcomponents are lightly coupled and nearly identical, eigenvalue veering and high mode sensitivity are associated with mode localization, in which some of the system modes are strongly enhanced in a small portion of the domain. An example of a two-span beam with irregular spacing of the supports, whose exact eigensolution has been shown to feature mode localization and high mode sensitivity, demonstrates the accuracy of the perturbation solution. A rectangular clamped membrane is used to illustrate the relationship between approximation error in the derivation of the system equations and eigenvalue veering.
Biogenesis and function of endogenous and exogenous siRNAs (2010)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene silencing, or 'knockdown', mechanism facilitated by short duplex strands of RNA with sequence complementarity to target mRNAs. RNAi has many different forms, including posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Here, we review the biogenesis and function of an endogenous set of small RNA gene regulators, called microRNAs, as well as the mechanism of exogenously delivered small interfering RNAs. The potential applications of RNAi-based therapeutics are also highlighted.
Protective Role of α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Cardiovascular Diseases (2019)

α-calcitonin gene related peptide (α-CGRP) is a regulatory neuropeptide of 37-amino acids. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, predominantly in cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). It is the most potent vasodilator known to date and has ionotropic and chronotropic effects. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches our laboratory and other research groups established the protective role of α-CGRP in various cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, experimental hypertension, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury). α-CGRP acts as a depressor to attenuate the rise in blood pressure in three different models of experimental hypertension: 1)- DOC- salt, 2)- Subtotal nephrectomy-salt, 3)- L-NAME induced hypertension during pregnancy. Subcutaneous administration of α-CGRP lowers the blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive humans and rodents. Recent studies also demonstrated that an α-CGRP analogue, acylated α-CGRP, with extended half-life (~7 h) reduces blood pressure in Ang-II induced hypertensive mouse, and protect against abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced heart failure. Together, these studies suggest that α-CGRP, native or a modified form, may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat patients suffering from cardiac diseases.
Crystalline l-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli B (1970)

Abstract Purification of l-asparaginase from Escherichia coli B is described. The enzyme is crystallized from a partially purified preparation in the presence of cations and aqueous alcohol. Effective crystallization requires a minimum of 4 g atoms of cation to each mole of protein. The crystalline l-asparaginase is homogeneous by disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and has a sedimentation coefficient (s020,w) of 7.6 S and a molecular weight (by sedimentation equilibrium) of 133,000 ± 5,000. On gel electrophoresis, the crystalline enzyme migrates similarly to the enzyme present in cell-free extracts. The affinity constants for l-asparagine and l-glutamine are 1.15 x 10-5 and 6.25 x 10-3 m, respectively. The amino acid composition indicates a minimum molecular weight of 33,300. The crystalline enzyme has an E1%278 of 7.1 and a specific activity of 300 ± 15 I.U. per mg, corrected for moisture. The isoelectric point, determined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, is 5.2. No carbohydrate or phospholipid was detected in the enzyme. The purification procedure provides an over-all yield of about 25% from cell cake to crystals, and is adaptable to large scale isolation of the enzyme.
Bone mineral density changes in the forearm after immobilization. (1995)

This study determined the early natural history of disuse osteoporosis in the ulna and radius. Six women and 2 men (mean age, 48.5 years; range, 35-60 years) having surgery on their wrists or hands had bone mineral density determined by single energy xray absorptiometry at 4 sites of the distal radius and ulna before operation, at cast removal (mean, 4.9 weeks after surgery), and after an average of 4.7 weeks of remobilization and hand therapy. A control group of 4 men and 4 women (mean age, 35.6 years; range, 24-46 years) had bone mineral density measurements of both forearms taken initially and again 5 weeks later. The patients had significant loss in bone mineral density at the ulna and distal sites of the forearm after 4.9 weeks of immobilization. Loss of bone mineral density continued at all 4 sites even after 4.7 weeks of remobilization and hand therapy. Bone mineral density increased significantly at the ultradistal radius of the contralateral forearm (which was not operated on) after 4.9 weeks, but this gain was no longer significant after 4.7 weeks of remobilization of the surgically treated forearm, suggesting that increased activity of the nonimmobilized forearm increased bone mineral density at certain sites. No changes in bone mineral density were seen in the control group. Immobilization of the forearm after hand or wrist surgery significantly decreases bone mass in the distal radius and ulna.
Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. (1990)

Children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD+H; N = 48) were compared with those without hyperactivity (ADD-H; N = 42), as well as with learning disabled and control children, on an extensive battery of interviews, behavior ratings, tests, and direct observations. ADD+H children had more externalizing and internalizing symptoms by parent and teacher report, were more off task during vigilance testing, and had more substance abuse, ADD+H, and aggression among their relatives than did the other groups. ADD-H children were more day-dreamy and lethargic by teacher report, more impaired in perceptual-motor speed, and had more anxiety disorders among their relatives than did ADD+H children. Results indicate that these 2 types of ADD may be separate, distinct childhood disorders rather than subtypes of a common attention deficit.
Brain glucose-sensing mechanisms: ubiquitous silencing by aglycemia vs. hypothalamic neuroendocrine responses (2001)

Interest in brain glucose-sensing mechanisms is motivated by two distinct neuronal responses to changes in glucose concentrations. One mechanism is global and ubiquitous in response to profound hypoglycemia, whereas the other mechanism is largely confined to specific hypothalamic neurons that respond to changes in glucose concentrations in the physiological range. Although both mechanisms use intracellular metabolism as an indicator of extracellular glucose concentration, the two mechanisms differ in key respects. Global hyperpolarization (inhibition) in response to 0 mM glucose can be reversed by pyruvate, implying that the reduction in ATP levels acting through ATP-dependent potassium (K-ATP) channels is the key metabolic signal for the global silencing in response to 0 mM glucose. In contrast, neuroendocrine hypothalamic responses in glucoresponsive and glucose-sensitive neurons (either excitation or inhibition, respectively) to physiological changes in glucose concentration appear to depend on glucokinase; neuroendocrine responses also depend on K-ATP channels, although the role of ATP itself is less clear. Lactate can substitute for glucose to produce these neuroendocrine effects, but pyruvate cannot, implying that NADH (possibly leading to anaplerotic production of malonyl-CoA) is a key metabolic signal for effects of glucose on glucoresponsive and glucose-sensitive hypothalamic neurons.
Quantitative measurements of linear birefringence during heating of native collagen (1997)

This study shows that dynamic changes in linear birefringence can be used to monitor thermally induced changes in collagen.
[Pharmacokinetic interactions between alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid]. (1991)

Twelve healthy test subjects ingested 0.75 g alcohol/kg body weight in 500 ml carbon dioxide-free mineral water and 1,000 mg powdered acetylsalicylic acid (on average, 13.1 mg/kg body weight) on an empty stomach at 9 a.m. to test the interaction between alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid. Whereas acetylsalicylic acid does not have any effect on the kinetics of alcohol, alcohol effects the metabolism of acetylsalicylic acid. However, an additional restriction of psychophysical performance was not observed.
Quantitative Analysis of Human Herpesvirus 8 Viral Load Using a Real-Time PCR Assay (2000)

We have developed a quantitative real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay aimed at measuring the cellular human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA load in various clinical samples. Standard curves were obtained by serial dilutions of a control plasmid containing both HHV-8 (ORF73 gene) and the cellular target (human albumin gene). The assay appeared to be very sensitive (100% detection rate for at least 10 copies per well) and specific and was easily reproducible (less than 3% intra-assay variability, 5% interassay variability). This method allowed us to quantify precisely the average HHV-8 copy number per cell in various persistently HHV-8-infected cell lines (BBG-1 cells, n = 200; BC-1 cells, n = 59; BCBL-1 cells, n = 70). A retrospective study was also conducted to assess the HHV-8 DNA load in 12 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with either Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; seven patients monitored over a 3-month period) or multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD; five patients). The HHV-8 DNA load ranged from 0 to 9,171 copies/10(6) cells in low-risk KS patients (T0, I0, S0 according to the classification of the AIDS Clinical Trials group). We also measured the viral loads in MCD patients either during symptomatic periods or during remission. The results are in agreement with previously published data, with high viral loads correlating with clinical symptoms (1.3 x 10(6) copies/10(6) cells) and low viral loads correlating with asymptomatic periods (less than 5,000 copies/10(6) cells).
Allele‐Selective Inhibition of Mutant Huntingtin by Peptide Nucleic Acid‐Peptide Conjugates, Locked Nucleic Acid, and Small Interfering RNA (2009)

The ability to inhibit expression of a mutant allele while retaining expression of a wild-type protein might provide a useful approach to treating Huntington's Disease (HD) and other inherited pathologies. The mutant form of huntingtin (HTT), the protein responsible for HD, is encoded by an mRNA containing an expanded CAG repeat. We demonstrate that peptide nucleic acid conjugates and locked nucleic acids complementary to the CAG repeat selectively block expression of mutant HTT. The selectivity of inhibition is at least as good as that shown by a small interfering RNA targeted to a deletion polymorphism. Our data suggest that antisense oligomers are promising subjects for further development as an anti-HD therapeutic strategy.
Molecular‐Mechanical Switch‐Based Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices (2004)

You only need eyes to appreciate the color change that occurs in a polymer matrix when the bistable rotaxane shown is switched between its ground-state (green) and metastable-state (red) co-conformers. Not only is an electrochromic device within reach, but a universal switching mechanism seems to be on the cards.
Host specificity of the ruminal bacterial community in the dairy cow following near-total exchange of ruminal contents (2010)

The purpose of this study was to examine the stability and host specificity of a cow's ruminal bacterial community following massive challenge with ruminal microflora from another cow. In each of 2 experiments, 1 pair of cows was selected on the basis of differences in ruminal bacterial community composition (BCC), determined by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), a culture-independent "community fingerprinting" technique. Each pair of cows was then subjected to a 1-time exchange of >95% of ruminal contents without changing the composition of a corn silage/alfalfa haylage-based TMR. In experiment 1, the 2 cows differed (P<0.01) in prefeed ruminal pH (mean = 6.88 vs. 6.14) and prefeed total VFA concentration (mean = 57 vs. 77 mM), averaged over 3 d. Following exchange of ruminal contents, ruminal pH and total VFA concentration in both cows returned to their preexchange values within 24h. Ruminal BCC also returned to near its original profile, but this change required 14 d for 1 cow and 61 d for the other cow. In experiment 2, the 2 other cows differed in prefeed ruminal pH (mean = 6.69 vs. 6.20) and total VFA concentration (mean = 101 vs. 136 mM). Following exchange of ruminal contents, the first cow returned to its preexchange pH and VFA values within 24h; the second cow's rumen rapidly stabilized to a higher prefeed pH (mean = 6.47) and lower prefeed VFA concentration (mean = 120 mM) that was retained over the 62-d test period. Both cows reached somewhat different BCC than before the exchange. However, the BCC of both cows remained distinct and were ultimately more similar to that of the preexchange BCC than of the donor animal BCC. The data indicate that the host animal can quickly reestablish its characteristic ruminal pH and VFA concentration despite dramatic perturbation of its ruminal microbial community. The data also suggest that ruminal BCC displays substantial host specificity that can reestablish itself with varying success when challenged with a microbial community optimally adapted to ruminal conditions of a different host animal.
Life sign decision support algorithms. (2004)

There is a pressing need in the military for a system that interprets data from a suite of wearable physiological sensors to infer a soldier's current clinical state on the battlefield. The Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring (WPSM) concept is envisioned by the US Army to address this need. Life sign detection is a key component. The future WPSM system will consist of a body-worn network of biosensors with a central processing control unit containing firmware for assessing the soldier's physiological status. In the present application, the system will diagnose a Dead, Alive, or Unknown (DAU) physiological state, and this information will be made available to field medics and others over separate communication channels. This paper describes the various modules in the DAU determination algorithms and how they interact with each other, as well as a simulator system built for parametric studies of the overall system.
Comments on Recent Progress Toward Reconstructing the Diatom Phylogeny (2005)

Much attention is being directed toward understanding and co-opting the mechanisms by which diatoms control patterning of silica for nanotechnology applications. Given the enormous diversity of cell-wall patterns among diatom taxa, a complete understanding of these mechanisms will require comparative analysis of nanopatterning strategies from a diversity of diatom taxa. A well-supported phylogenetic tree provides the best basis for such comparisons because closely related taxa will have many similar attributes (morphological, physiological, ecological, etc.) simply because they share a recent common ancestor. Phylogenetic information is exploited in as diverse a set of fields as pharmacology, epidemiology, and geology. Nanotechnologists can use the phylogenetic tree of diatoms to help select exemplar taxa and to streamline the search for alternative nanopatterning strategies. We review the progress made thus far in reconstructing the phylogeny of diatoms. Most analyses have been based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, and inferences have varied substantially depending on the number and diversity of taxa included in the analyses. We review several seminal studies on diatom phylogeny in light of theoretical and empirical investigations that have emphasized the critical importance of taxonomic sampling on phylogenetic inference. One consistent result is that centric diatoms grade into araphid pennates, and araphid pennates grade the raphe-bearing pennate diatoms, which are a natural group. Including more taxa and more characters (molecular and morphological) should yield a better supported hypothesis of diatom relationships.
Azasteroids. III.1 3-Aza-A-homo Androgens (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzasteroids. III.1 3-Aza-A-homo AndrogensRobert H. MazurCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 248–250Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a525https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a525research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Internally Ribbed Turbine Blade Coolant Channel With Cylindrical Vortex Generators (1996)

The effect of vortex generators on the mass (heat) transfer from the ribbed passage of a two pass turbine blade coolant channel is investigated with the intent of optimizing the vortex generator geometry so that significant enhancements in mass/heat transfer can be achieved. In the experimental configuration considered, ribs are mounted on two opposite walls: all four walls along each pass are active and have mass transfer from their surfaces but the ribs are non-participating. Mass transfer measurements, in the form of Sherwood number ratios, are made along the centerline and in selected inter-rib modules. Results are presented for Reynolds number in the range of 5,000 to 40,000. pitch to rib height ratios of 10.5 and 21, and vortex generator-rib spacing to rib height ratios of 0.55 and 1.5. Centerline and spanwise averaged Sherwood number ratios are presented along with contours of the Sherwood number ratios. Results indicate that the vortex generators lead to substantial increases in the local mass transfer rates, particularly along the side walls, and modest increases in the average mass transfer rates. The vortex generators have the effect of making the inter-rib profiles along the ribbed walls more uniform. Along the side walls, horseshoe vortices that characterize the vortex generator wake are associated with significant mass transfer enhancements. The wake effects and the levels of enhancement decrease somewhat with increasing Reynolds number and decreasing pitch.
Anti—vascular approaches to solid tumour therapy: Evaluation of vinblastine and flavone acetic acid (1995)

Several agents have now been identified which exert their anti-tumour effects in large part via the tumour vasculature; these include TNF alpha and flavone acetic acid (FAA). More recently, Vincristine and Vinblastine have also been shown to cause a prolonged and selective decrease in tumour perfusion. Vinblastine, unlike, FAA, causes no increase in plasma TNF alpha levels in mice bearing the CaNT tumour, suggesting 2 distinct mechanisms of anti-vascular activity for these structurally diverse agents. Since FAA and Vinblastine also show quite different normal tissue toxicities, which are separately dose-limiting, we have examined the strategy of combining these 2 agents. When Vinblastine preceded FAA by 24 hr or less, tumour growth delay was significantly enhanced without a concomitant increase in toxicity. The level of enhancement was not significantly reduced by a 5-fold decrease in Vinblastine dose, though any reduction in the dose of FAA caused a rapid reduction in treatment effectiveness. Investigation of the functional vasculature of treated tumours suggested that increased anti-vascular effects may contribute to the enhanced growth inhibition of the combined treatment. Our results demonstrate the potential benefit of combining 2 different classes of anti-vascular agent, using Vinblastine and FAA (or 5,6-MeXAA) as prototype drugs.
Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2003)

The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS.
Radiobiological and Genetic Studies on a Polyploid Series (Haploid to Hexaploid) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1958)

A related series of Saccharoyces cerevisiae varying in ploidy from haploid to hexaploid was developed by a series of controlled matings.Measurements of linear dimensions of the various cultures indicated a linear increase of cellular volume with ploidy.
Is It Possible to Automatically Identify Who Has Forged My Signature? Approaching to the Identification of a Static Signature Forger (2012)

The automatic handwritten signature verification is an open problem for the scientific community. The most of the published studies examine a generic document trying to locate where the signature has been written, to segment the signature removing complex backgrounds containing lines and letter and to determining whether the signature was made by the owner. However, there are no studies to determine automatically the author of a fake. This paper presents a first approach to the identification of a static signature forger. The underlying hypothesis is the fact that a forger finds difficult to fight against their own free natural way of writing, leading to the second hypothesis that under several conditions it is possible to isolate these features to determine a fake within a population of known forgers. The experiments shown that gray level based features are a good start point to detect who has written the signatures.
Is Live Smallpox Lurking in the Arctic? (2002)

KOLTSOVO, RUSSIA—The scene: the village of Pokhodsk, high above the Arctic Circle, on a muggy July day in 1991. A team of Russian bioweapons experts in blue respiratory suits enters a wooden vault full of 19th century smallpox victims mummified in the permafrost. More reminiscent of the Blair Witch Project than a scientific project, a homemade documentary—rarely shown outside a small circle of experts—follows the scientists from the VECTOR laboratory near Novosibirsk and their Yakutian colleagues as they wade through icy cold water into the chamber. In the dim light, several corpses come into view. Some are intact and beginning to thaw.