gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into hierarchically meso–macroporous structured materials (2005)

A great deal of progress has recently been made in the field of ordered porous materials having uniform channel dimensions which can be adjusted over a wide range of length scales. Incorporation of macropores in mesoporous materials combines benefits from both the mesoporous and macroporous structures. Hierarchical materials containing both interconnected macroporous and mesoporous structures have enhanced properties compared with single-sized pore materials due to increased mass transport through the material and maintainance of a specific surface area on the level of fine pore systems. Bimodal mesoporous–macroporous inorganic materials can be prepared by using a self-assembling surfactant or amphiphilic block copolymer species in conjunction with macrotemplates such as colloidal crystals, polymer foams, bio-celluloses, emulsions, inorganic salts and ice crystals, or by macroscopic phase separations. Here, we review the state of the art for hierarchical meso–macroporous inorganic materials and their carbon replicas from the viewpoint of synthesis strategies and emerging applications. Detailed synthetic processes are described, in which the very recently developed spontaneous formation of meso–macroporous (single and binary) metal oxides, metal phosphates and aluminosilicates is specifically addressed. These novel meso–macroporous materials have found a number of applications, including HPLC separation, catalysis, fuel cell electrode materials, biomaterials engineering, controlled drug delivery devices, and membrane reactors, and these are discussed illustratively.
Correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak sar in the human head due to handset antennas (2003)

This paper attempts to correlate the maximum temperature increase in the head and brain with the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) value due to handset antennas. The rationale for this study is that physiological effects and damage to humans through electromagnetic-wave exposure are induced by temperature increases, while the safety standards are regulated in terms of the local peak SAR. For investigating these correlations thoroughly, the total of 660 situations is considered. The numerical results are analyzed on the basis of statistics. We find that the maximum temperature increases in the head and brain can be estimated in terms of peak SARs averaged over 1 and 10 g of tissue in these regions. These correlations are less affected by the positions, polarizations, and frequencies of a dipole antenna. Also, they are reasonably valid for different antennas and head models. Further, we discuss possible maximum temperature increases in the head and brain for the SAR values prescribed in the safety standards. They are found to be 0.31/spl deg/C and 0.13/spl deg/C for the Federal Communications Commission Standard (1.6 W/kg for 1 g of tissue), while 0.60/spl deg/C and 0.25/spl deg/C for the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Standard (2.0 W/kg for 10 g of tissue).
Increased staining for phosphorylated AKT and nuclear factor‐κB p65 and their relationship with prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (2008)

AKT plays an important role in malignant behavior of tumors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression of phosphorylated AKT (P-AKT) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 and their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in epithelial ovarian tumor. On immunohistochemistry 115 samples of ovarian tissue that included 68 specimens of epithelial ovarian cancer, 12 of borderline tumor, 24 of epithelial benign tumor and 11 of normal ovary, were evaluated. Sixty-three patients with ovarian cancer were followed up from 7 to 68 months. The positive expression rate of P-AKT and NF-kappaB p65 were higher in epithelial ovarian cancer than in normal ovarian tissue (P<0.01). Elevated P-AKT or NF-kappaB p65 expression was significantly correlated with late clinical stage (P<0.05 and P<0.01) and poor histological differentiation (both P<0.01). P-AKT expression was significantly correlated with NF-kappaB p65 immunostaining (phi=0.272, P<0.05). Elevated expression of P-AKT was negatively correlated with the survival of ovarian cancer patients, but it was not an independent prognostic factor after multivariate analysis. Overexpression of P-AKT and NF-kappaB p65 were involved in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer. P-AKT might contribute to the malignant transformation through NF-kappaBp65 upregulation.
The VLA4/VCAM-1 adhesion pathway defines contrasting mechanisms of lodgement of transplanted murine hemopoietic progenitors between bone marrow and spleen. (1995)

Selective lodgement or homing of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells in the recipient's bone marrow (BM) is a critical step in the establishment of long-term hemopoiesis after BM transplantation. However, despite its biologic and clinical significance, little is understood about the process of homing. In the present study, we have concentrated on the initial stages of homing and explored the functional role in vivo of some of the adhesion pathways previously found to mediate in vitro adhesion of hemopoietic cells to cultured BM stroma. We have found that homing of murine hemopoietic progenitors of the BM of lethally irradiated recipients at 3 h after transplant was significantly reduced after pretreatment of the donor cells with an antibody to the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4). This inhibition of marrow homing was accompanied by an increase in hemopoietic progenitors circulating in the blood and an increased uptake of these progenitors by the spleen. Similar results were obtained by treatment of the recipients with an antibody to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a ligand for VLA4. Furthermore, we showed that administration of the same antibodies (anti-VLA4 or anti-VCAM-1) to normal animals causes mobilization of hemopoietic progenitors into blood. These data suggest that hemopoietic cell lodgement in the BM is a regulatable process and can be influenced by VLA4/VCAM-1 adhesion pathway. Although additional molecular pathways are not excluded and may be likely, our data establish VCAM-1 as a BM endothelial addressin, analogous to the role that mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) plays in lymphocyte homing. Whether splenic uptake of hemopoietic progenitors is passive or controlled through different mechanisms remains to be clarified. In addition, we provide experimental evidence that homing and mobilization are related phenomena involving, at least partly, similar molecular pathways.
Crystal Structure of Neisserial Surface Protein A (NspA), a Conserved Outer Membrane Protein with Vaccine Potential (2003)

The neisserial surface protein A (NspA) from Neisseria meningitidis is a promising vaccine candidate because it is highly conserved among meningococcal strains and induces bactericidal antibodies. NspA is a homolog of the Opa proteins, which mediate adhesion to host cells. Here, we present the crystal structure of NspA, determined to 2.55-A resolution. NspA forms an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel. The four loops at the extracellular side of the NspA molecule form a long cleft, which contains mainly hydrophobic residues and harbors a detergent molecule, suggesting that the protein might function in the binding of hydrophobic ligands, such as lipids. In addition, the structure provides a starting point for structure-based vaccine design.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ inhibits cigarette smoke solution-induced mucin production in human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells (2006)

The main etiologic factor for chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoke. Exposure to cigarette smoke is reported to induce goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production. Mucin synthesis in airways has been reported to be regulated by the EGFR system. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR-gamma is implicated in anti-inflammatory responses, but mechanisms underlying these varied roles remain ill-defined. Recently, reports have shown that upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) might be one of the mechanisms through which PPAR-gamma agonists exert their anti-inflammatory actions. However, no data are available on the role of PPAR-gamma in smoke-induced mucin production. In this study, we investigated the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist (rosiglitazone) on smoke-induced mucin production in NCI-H292 cells. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes a significant decrease in PTEN expression and increases dose-dependent EGFR-specific tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in MUC5AC mucin production in NCI-H292 cells. PPAR-gamma agonists or specific inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase exert inhibition of cigarette smoke-induced mucin production, with the upregulation of PTEN signaling and downregulation of Akt expression. This study demonstrates that PPAR-gamma agonist functions as a regulator of epithelial cell inflammation that may result in reduction of mucin-producing cells in airway epithelium.
Repair of Chronic Anorectal Fistulae Using Commercial Fibrin Sealant (2000)

Initial results in the treatment of chronic anorectal fistulae using commercial fibrin sealant are optimistic, but require further support through longer follow-up data. Fibrin sealant treatment of anorectal fistulae offers a unique mode of management which is safe, simple, and easy for the surgeon to perform. By using fibrin sealant, the patient avoids the risk of fecal incontinence and the discomfort of prolonged wound healing that may be associated with fistulotomy.
Enzyme-linked immunoassay: conjugation of the Fab' fragment of rabbit IgG with beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli and its use for immunoassay. (1976)

1. A method for the conjugation of the Fab' fragment of rabbit IgG with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli is described. The method consists of two main steps: treatment of the Fab' fragments containing sulfhydryl groups with excess N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide, to introduce maleimide residues into the fragments, and then incubation of the dimaleimide-treated Fab' fragments with beta-D-galactosidase, which also contains sulfhydryl groups, to form the rabbit Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase complex. More than 90% of the enzyme used can be converted to the Fab'-enzyme complex, and the complex is readily separated from free Fab' fragments by chromatography on a Sepharose 6B column. 2. The application of the rabbit Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase complex for immunoassay of macromolecular antigens is shown by measuring human IgG by the sandwich method. The rabbit (anti-human IgG) IgG-coupled Sepharose 4B is incubated with human IgG and then with the rabbit (anti-human IgG) Fab'-enzyme complex, and the enzyme activity bound to the Sepharose is measured. In this way it is possible to determine as little as 0.3 fmoles of human IgG.
TMPRSS2:ETV4 Gene Fusions Define a Third Molecular Subtype of Prostate Cancer (2006)

Although common in hematologic and mesenchymal malignancies, recurrent gene fusions have not been well characterized in epithelial carcinomas. Recently, using a novel bioinformatic approach, we identified recurrent gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and the ETS family members ERG or ETV1 in the majority of prostate cancers. Here, we interrogated the expression of all ETS family members in prostate cancer profiling studies and identified marked overexpression of ETV4 in 2 of 98 cases. In one such case, we confirmed the overexpression of ETV4 using quantitative PCR, and by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, quantitative PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that the TMPRSS2 (21q22) and ETV4 (17q21) loci are fused in this case. This result defines a third molecular subtype of prostate cancer and supports the hypothesis that dysregulation of ETS family members through fusions with TMRPSS2 may be an initiating event in prostate cancer development.
Reliability-availability-serviceability characteristics of a compressed-memory system (2002)

New compression innovations and high-density silicon technology enable us to introduce main-memory compression. This technology is able to achieve, in most cases, 2:1 or better compression without impacting performance. It provides an enormous cost/performance advantage, given the cost content of memory in modern enterprise servers. The complex and highly parallel data manipulations central to this compression implementation would, if unprotected by extensive error detection and error correction techniques, offer several potential data integrity exposures. This paper describes the memory subsystem of an enterprise class server with a compressed mainstore and the methods which have been employed to guarantee the integrity of the compressed data. These methods consist of a novel ECC algorithm which includes address information in the code words, the use of CRC codes for compressed data blocks, and various consistency checks on the memory management structures used in the management of a compressed mainstore.
Deep Convolutional Inverse Graphics Network (2015)

This paper presents the Deep Convolution Inverse Graphics Network (DC-IGN), a model that learns an interpretable representation of images. This representation is disentangled with respect to transformations such as out-of-plane rotations and lighting variations. The DC-IGN model is composed of multiple layers of convolution and de-convolution operators and is trained using the Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes (SGVB) algorithm. We propose a training procedure to encourage neurons in the graphics code layer to represent a specific transformation (e.g. pose or light). Given a single input image, our model can generate new images of the same object with variations in pose and lighting. We present qualitative and quantitative results of the model's efficacy at learning a 3D rendering engine.
Functional and Clinical Analysis of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene in Prostate Cancer (1999)

The PTEN tumor suppressor gene maps to the 10q23 locus, a chromosomal region frequently altered in prostate cancer. The specific aims of this proposal were to (1) develop high quality antibody reagents to PTEN, (2) to identify downstream targets of PTEN and (3) to study PTEN in primary prostate tumors. We have successfully developed both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to PTEN. One antiserum, C54 is a highly specific, sensitive reagent. Data from our lab has shown that the protein product (PTEN), when reconstituted to PTEN -/- cells, induces a cell cycle arrest in G1. This PTEN function requires the ability of FTEN to act as a lipid phosphatase and in so doing functionally antagonize the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In keeping with this notion, a constitutively active form of Akt, a kinase downstream of PI3K, can override a PTEN induced arrest, PTEN can inhibit Akt kinase activity in cells, and PTEN4- tumors have elevated levels of activated Akt. Thus, Akt appears to be a critical downstream target of PTEN. Finally, we have shown that PTEN is lost from 20% of primary prostate cancers by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, loss of PTEN is highly associated with high Gleason grade and high tumor stage.
Complete Sequence of the 23-Kilobase Human COL9A3Gene (1999)

We report the complete sequence of the human COL9A3 gene that encodes the alpha3 chain of heterotrimeric type IX collagen, a member of the fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices family of collagenous proteins. Nucleotide sequencing defined over 23,000 base pairs (bp) of the gene and about 3000 bp of the 5'-flanking sequences. The gene contains 32 exons. The domain and exon organization of the gene is almost identical to a related gene, the human COL9A2 gene. However, exon 2 of the COL9A3 gene codes for one -Gly-X-Y- triplet less than exon 2 of the COL9A2 gene. The difference is compensated by an insertion of 9 bp coding for an additional triplet in exon 4 of the COL9A3 gene. As a result, the number of -Gly-X-Y- repeats in the third collagenous domain remains the same in both genes and ensures the formation of an in-register triple helix. In the course of screening this gene for mutations, heterozygosity for separate 9-bp deletions within the COL1 domain were identified in two kindreds. In both instances, the deletions did not co-segregate with any disease phenotype, suggesting that they were neutral variants. In contrast, similar deletions in triple helical domain of type I collagen are lethal. To study whether alpha3(IX) chains with the deletion will participate in the formation of correctly folded heterotrimeric type IX collagen, we expressed mutant alpha3 chains together with normal alpha1 and alpha2 chains in insect cells. We show here that despite the deletion, mutant alpha3 chains were secreted as heterotrimeric, triple helical molecules consisting of three alpha chains in a 1:1:1 ratio. The results suggest that the next noncollagenous domain (NC2) is capable of correcting the alignment of the alpha chains, and this ensures the formation of an in-register triple helix.
Interleukin-1 gene expression in rabbit vascular tissue in vivo. (1991)

Cultured human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells express interleukin-1 (IL-1) genes when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a variety of inflammatory mediators. Local production of IL-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. Therefore the ability of intact vascular tissue to accumulate IL-1 mRNA and synthesize de novo biologically active IL-1 protein was examined. Escherichia coli LPS (10 micrograms/kg) was administered intravenously to adult rabbits and total RNA was isolated from aortic tissue at various times after LPS injection. In saline-injected rabbits, RNA extracted from the thoracic aorta contained little or no IL-1 message detected by Northern analysis using IL-1 alpha and beta cDNA probes cloned from an LPS-stimulated rabbit splenic macrophage library. Lipopolysaccharide treatment promptly induced transient accumulation of mRNA for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta within the aorta (maximal 1-hour after injection). Short-term organoid cultures of rabbit aorta exposed to LPS in vitro synthesized immunoprecipitable IL-1 alpha protein. Extracts of aortic tissue excised 1.5 to 3.0 hours after intravenous LPS administration contained immunoreactive and biologically active IL-1 alpha. Anti-rabbit IL-1 alpha antibody neutralized the biologic activity (more than 90%). Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies did not disclose adherent or infiltrating macrophages in rabbit aorta at the time of maximal IL-1 mRNA accumulation after LPS administration (1.5 hours), indicating that intrinsic vascular wall cells rather than mononuclear phagocytes probably account for the IL-1 activity induced by LPS. In addition, aortic tissue from rabbits fed an atherogenic diet showed an enhanced ability to accumulate IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA and produce immunodetectable protein in response to LPS administration. These studies demonstrate inducible IL-1 gene expression in rabbit vascular tissue in vivo and support a local role for this cytokine in vascular pathophysiology.
N,N‘-Bisbenzylidenebenzene-1,4-diamines andN,N‘-Bisbenzylidenenaphthalene-1,4-diamines as Sirtuin Type 2 (SIRT2) Inhibitors (2006)

A series of N,N‘-bisbenzylidenebenzene-1,4-diamine and N,N‘-bisbenzylidenenaphthalene-1,4-diamine derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors for human sirtuin type 2 (SIRT2). The design of the new compounds was based on two earlier reported hits from molecular modeling and virtual screening. The most potent compound was N,N‘-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine, which was equipotent with the most potent hit compound and well-known SIRT2 inhibitor sirtinol.
A Performance Evaluation of Alternative Mapping Schemes for Storing XML Data in a Relational Database (1999)

: XML is emerging as one of the dominant data formats for data processing on the Internet. To query XML data, query languages like XQL, Lorel, XML-QL, or XML-GL have been proposed. In this paper, we study how XML data can be stored and queried using a standard relational database system. For this purpose, we present alternative mapping schemes to store XML data in a relational database and discuss how XML-QL queries can be translated into SQL queries for every mapping scheme. We present the results of comprehensive performance experiments that analyze the tradeos of the alternative mapping schemes in terms of database size, query performance and update performance. While our discussion is focussed on XML and XML-QL, the results of this paper are relevant for most semi-structured data models and most query languages for semi-structured data. Key-words: semistructured data, XML, relational database system, performances. (Rsum : tsvp) Unite de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt Domaine de V...
Hiding in Plain Sight: Steganography and the Art of Covert Communication (2003)

From the Publisher:
These days, encryption of confidential data and communications is an increasingly important part of doing business. But steganography can take data confidentiality to a whole new level, since it hides encrypted messages in ordinary-looking data files, making the very existence of the messages practically undetectable. Although steganography is not a new field and has played a critical part in secret communication throughout history, few people understand exactly how it works today. This detailed, practical guide changes that -- whether your goal is to add an extra level of security to business or government communications or to detect and counter steganography when it's used by criminals or terrorists.