gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical proprieties of decellularized porcine common carotid arteries (2005)

To analyze the effects of decellularization on the biomechanical properties of porcine common carotid arteries, decellularization was performed by a detergent-enzymatic procedure that preserves extracellular matrix scaffold. Internal diameter, external diameter, and wall thickness were measured by optical microscopy on neighboring histological sections before and after decellularization. Rupture tests were conducted. Inner diameter and wall thickness were measured by echo tracking during pressure inflation from 10 to 145 mmHg. Distensibility and incremental elastic modulus were computed. At 10 mmHg, mean diameter of decellularized arteries was 5.38 mm, substantially higher than controls (4.1 mm), whereas decellularized and control arteries reached the same internal diameter (6.7 mm) at 145 mmHg. Wall thickness decreased 16% for decellularized and 32% for normal arteries after pressure was increased from 10 to 145 mmHg. Decellularized arteries withstood pressure >2,200 mmHg before rupture. At 145 mmHg, decellularization reduced compliance by 66% and increased incremental elastic modulus by 54%. Removal of cellular elements from media led to changes in arterial dimensions. Collagen fibers engaged more rapidly during inflation, yielding a stiffer vessel. Distensibility was therefore significantly lower (by a factor of 3) in decellularized than in normal vessels: reduced in the physiological range of pressures. In conclusion, decellularization yields vessels that can withstand high inflation pressures with, however, markedly different geometrical and biomechanical properties. This may mean that the potential use of a decellularized artery as a scaffold for the creation of xenografts may be compromised because of geometrical and compliance mismatch.
Efficient self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 and L1-L2 into virus-like particles (1993)

The L1 genes of two human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) isolates derived from condylomata acuminata were used to express the L1 major capsid protein in insect cells via recombinant baculoviruses. Both L1 major capsid proteins self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLP) with high efficiency and could be purified in preparative amounts on density gradients. The yield of VLP was 3 orders of magnitude higher than what has been obtained previously, using L1 derived from the prototype HPV16. DNA sequence comparison identified a single nonconserved amino acid change to be responsible for the inefficient self-assembly of the prototype L1. VLP were also obtained by expressing L1 of HPV6, HPV11, and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus, indicating that L1 from a variety of papillomaviruses has the intrinsic capacity to self-assemble into VLP. Coexpression of HPV16 L1 plus L2 by using a baculovirus double-expression vector also resulted in efficient self-assembly of VLP, and the average particle yield increased about fourfold in comparison to when L1 only was expressed. Coimmunoprecipitation of L1 and L2 and cosedimentation of the two proteins in a sucrose gradient demonstrated that L2 was incorporated into the particles. The ability to generate preparative amounts of HPV16 L1 and L1-L2 VLP may have implications for the development of a serological assay to detect anti-HPV16 virion immune responses to conformational epitopes and for immunoprophylaxis against HPV16 infection.
Adverse Events Associated With Childhood Vaccines Other Than Pertussis and Rubella (1994)

In September 1993, the Institute of Medicine released a report entitled Adverse Events Associated With Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality. The report examined putative serious adverse consequences associated with administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids; measles, mumps, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines; oral polio vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine; hepatitis B vaccines; and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines. The committee spent 18 months reviewing all available scientific and medical data, from individual case reports (published and unpublished) to controlled clinical trials. The committee found that the evidence favored the rejection of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and encephalopathy, infantile spasms, and sudden infant death syndrome, and between conjugate Hib vaccines and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Guillain-Barré syndrome and brachial neuritis, between measles vaccine and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and between unconjugated Hib vaccine and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence established causality between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and anaphylaxis, between measles vaccine and death from measles vaccine-strain viral infection, between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and poliomyelitis and death from polio vaccine-strain viral infection, and between hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis. For five vaccine-related adverse events, there was no evidence identified. For the remaining 33 vaccine-related adverse events, the evidence was inadequate to accept or reject a causal relation.
Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68 (2013)

Numbers of cases of enterovirus 68 (EV68) infection in different parts of the world increased significantly in the late 2000s. We studied the antigenicity and receptor binding properties of recently detected EV68 strains in comparison to the prototype strain of EV68, Fermon. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) titers were significantly different between strains of different genetic lineages among recently detected EV68 strains. We further studied receptor binding specificities of EV68 strains for sialyloligosaccharides using glycan array analysis, which showed affinity for α2-6-linked sialic acids (α2-6 SAs) compared to α2-3 SAs. Our study suggested that the emergence of strains with different antigenicities was the possible reason for the increased detections of EV68 in recent years. Additionally, we revealed that EV68 preferably binds to α2-6 SAs. This is the first report describing the properties of EV68 receptor binding to the specific types of sialic acids.
Organic smart pixels (1998)

The fabrication and characteristics of organic smart pixels are described. The smart pixel reported in this letter consists of a single organic thin-film field effect transistor (FET) monolithically integrated with an organic light-emitting diode. The FET active material is a regioregular polythiophene. The maximum optical power emitted by the smart pixel is about 300 nW/cm2 corresponding to a luminance of ∼2300 cd/m2.
The PI3 kinase, p38 SAP kinase, and NF-κB signal transduction pathways are involved in the survival and maturation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (2000)

As a dendritic cell (DC) matures, it becomes more potent as an antigen-presenting cell. This functional change is accompanied by a change in DC immunophenotype. The signal transduction events underlying this process are poorly characterized. In this study, we have investigated the signal transduction pathways involved in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) in vitro. We show that exposure of immature MoDCs to LPS activates the p38 stress-activated protein kinase (p38SAPK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathways. Studies using inhibitors demonstrate that PI3 kinase/Akt but not the other pathways are important in maintaining survival of LPS-stimulated MoDCs. Inhibiting p38SAPK prevented activation of the transcription factors ATF-2 and CREB and significantly reduced the LPS-induced up-regulation of CD80, CD83, and CD86, but did not have any significant effect on the LPS-induced changes in macropinocytosis or HLA-DR, CD40, and CD1a expression. Inhibiting the NF-kappaB pathway significantly reduced the LPS-induced up-regulation of HLA-DR as well as CD80, CD83, and CD86. Inhibiting the p38SAPK and NF-kappaB pathways simultaneously had variable effects depending on the cell surface marker studied. It thus appears that different aspects of LPS-induced MoDC maturation are regulated by different and sometimes overlapping pathways.
Transdermal delivery of a ~13 kDa protein—anin vivocomparison of physical enhancement methods (2010)

The availability of several enhancement techniques has made it possible to study delivery of macromolecules through skin. This study was conducted to evaluate the transdermal delivery of a ~13 kDa protein using iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and microneedles alone or in combination. In vivo delivery experiments were carried out using hairless rats with daniplestim (DP) as the model protein (molecular weight: 12.760 kDa; isoelectric point, 6.2). Delivery enhancement abilities of the above techniques were evaluated at two different drug concentrations in the patch: 2 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL. At a drug loading concentration of 2 mg/mL maximum delivery was seen with the combination of microneedles and iontophoresis. At 5 mg/mL, sonophoresis alone gave a C(max) of 8.22 +/- 5.9 ng/mL and a combination of sonophoresis and iontophoresis gave a C(max) of 4.9 +/- 1.8 ng/mL. The results of this study suggest that combination of microneedles and iontophoresis was the most effective approach in delivering a 13 kDa protein through the skin.
1296-port MEMS transparent optical crossconnect with 2.07 petabit/s switch capacity (2002)

A 1296-port MEMS transparent optical crossconnect with 5.1dB/spl plusmn/1.1dB insertion loss at 1550 nm is reported. Measured worst-case optical crosstalk in a fabric was n38 dB and nominal switching rise/fall times were 5 ms. A 2.07 petabit/s switch capacity was verified upon cross-connecting a forty-channel by 40 Gb/s DWDM data stream through a prototype fabric.
Long-Term Implantation of Preadipocyte-Seeded PLGA Scaffolds (2002)

Studies were performed in a long-term effort to develop clinically translatable, tissue engineered adipose constructs for reconstructive, correctional, and cosmetic indications. Rat preadipocytes were harvested, isolated, expanded ex vivo, and seeded within PLGA scaffolds. Preadipocyte-seeded and acellular (control) scaffolds were implanted for 1-12 months. Explanted scaffolds were stained with osmium tetroxide, processed, and counterstained using H&E. Quantitative histomorphometric analysis was performed on all tissue sections to determine the amount of adipose tissue formed. Analyses revealed maximum adipose formation at 2 months, followed by a decrease at 3 months, and complete absence of adipose and PLGA at 5-12 months. These results extend a previous short-term study (Tissue Engineering 1999;5:134) and demonstrate that adipose tissue can be formed in vivo using tissue engineering strategies. However, the long-term maintenance of adipose tissue remains elusive.
Structural tolerance of bacterial autotransporters for folded passenger protein domains (2004)

In this report we investigate the capacity of bacterial autotransporters (AT) to translocate folded protein domains across the outer membrane (OM). Polypeptides belonging to the AT family contain a C-terminal domain that supports the secretion of the N-domain (the passenger) across the OM of Gram-negative bacteria. Despite some controversial data, it has been widely accepted that N-passenger domains of AT must be unfolded and devoid of disulphide bonds for efficient translocation. To address whether or not AT are able to translocate folded protein domains across the OM, we employed several types of recombinant antibodies as heterologous N-passengers of the transporter C-domain of IgA protease (C-IgAP) of Neisseria gonorroheae. The N-domains used were single chain Fv fragments (scFv) and variable mono-domains derived from camel antibodies (V(HH)) selected on the basis of their distinct and defined folding properties (i.e. enhanced solubility, stability and presence or not of disulphide bonds). Expression of these hybrids in Escherichia coli shows that stable scFv and V(HH) domains are efficiently (>99%) translocated towards the bacterial surface regardless of the presence or not of disulphide bonds on their structure. Antigen-binding assays demonstrate that surface-exposed scFv and V(HH) domains are correctly folded and thus able to bind their cognate antigens. Expression of scFv- or V(HH)-C-IgAP hybrids in E. coli dsbA or fkpA mutant cells reveals that these periplasmic protein chaperones fold these N-domains before their translocation across the OM. Furthermore, large N-passengers composed of strings of V(HH) domains were secreted in a folded state by AT with no loss of efficacy (>99%) despite having multiple disulphide bonds. Thus AT can efficiently translocate toward the cell surface folded N-passengers composed of one, two or three immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, each with a folded diameter between approximately 2 nm and having disulphide bonds. This tolerance for folded protein domains of approximately 2 nm fits with the diameter of the central hydrophilic channel proposed for the ring-like oligomeric complex assembled by C-IgAP in the OM.
The scope and limitations of carboxamide-induced .beta.-directed metalation of 2-substituted furan, thiophene, and 1-methylpyrrole derivatives. Application of the method to syntheses of 2,3-disubstituted thiophenes and furans (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe scope and limitations of carboxamide-induced .beta.-directed metalation of 2-substituted furan, thiophene, and 1-methylpyrrole derivatives. Application of the method to syntheses of 2,3-disubstituted thiophenes and furansAndrew J. Carpenter and Derek J. ChadwickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 22, 4362–4368Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00222a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00222a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1152Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plant glyco-biotechnology on the way to synthetic biology (2014)

Plants are increasingly being used for the production of recombinant proteins. One reason is that plants are highly amenable to glycan engineering processes and allow the production of therapeutic proteins with increased efficacies due to optimized glycosylation profiles. Removal and insertion of glycosylation reactions by knock-out/knock-down approaches and introduction of glycosylation enzymes have paved the way for the humanization of the plant glycosylation pathway. The insertion of heterologous enzymes at exactly the right stage of the existing glycosylation pathway has turned out to be of utmost importance. To enable such precise targeting chimeric enzymes have been constructed. In this short review we will exemplify the importance of correct targeting of glycosyltransferases, we will give an overview of the targeting mechanism of glycosyltransferases, describe chimeric enzymes used in plant N-glycosylation engineering and illustrate how plant glycoengineering builds on the tools offered by synthetic biology to construct such chimeric enzymes.
PCR amplification of up to 35-kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from lambda bacteriophage templates. (1994)

A target length limitation to PCR amplification of DNA has been identified and addressed. Concomitantly, the base-pair fidelity, the ability to use PCR products as primers, and the maximum yield of target fragment were increased. These improvements were achieved by the combination of a high level of an exonuclease-free, N-terminal deletion mutant of Taq DNA polymerase, Klentaq1, with a very low level of a thermostable DNA polymerase exhibiting a 3'-exonuclease activity (Pfu, Vent, or Deep Vent). At least 35 kb can be amplified to high yields from 1 ng of lambda DNA template.
Faecal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with large bowel cancer. (1987)

The possibility that faecal CEA may be a more useful measurement than serum CEA for the detection of large bowel cancer has received very little attention. For this reason faecal CEA was measured before and after tumour resection in colorectal cancer patients and in a variety of control subjects. CEA was extracted from faeces by a new method with 3M KCl and assayed by an EIA technique utilising two monoclonal antibodies. Mean +/- SE faecal CEA in 32 cancer patients was 4.15 +/- 1.17 micrograms/g preoperatively. Values were not related to either stage of disease or serum CEA and they fell to 0.83 +/- 0.34 micrograms/g (n = 20) following tumour resection (P less than 0.05). Mean +/- SE faecal CEA in 34 control patients with no known colorectal disease was 0.94 +/- 0.49 micrograms/g which was significantly lower than in the cancer patients (P less than 0.05). Furthermore faecal CEA in 25 patients with non malignant colorectal disease was 1.44 +/- 0.63 micrograms/g which again was significantly lower than that in the cancer patients. It is concluded that as CEA is present in the faeces of the majority of colorectal cancer patients even at early stages of the disease its measurement here may be more useful for the detection of large bowel cancer than that in serum.
Differential effects of a stem cell factor-immunoglobulin fusion protein on malignant and normal hematopoietic cells. (1999)

We genetically connected the extracellular domain of human stem cell factor to the Fc-portion of human IgG1. The chimeric recombinant stem cell factor IgG1 fusion protein (rSCF-IgG1) had an apparent approximately Mr 190,000 and consisted of three identical covalently linked subunits. It specifically bound to c-kit and the high affinity Fc gamma receptor, respectively. Liquid phase rSCF-IgG1 was, on a molar basis, about eight times more potent than native human rSCF in stimulating the proliferation of c-kit-positive leukemic cell lines and of nonmalignant CD34-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Although the effective dose conferring half maximum of [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake by liquid phase and solid phase-bound rSCF-IgG1 were comparable, the plateau level of [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake by malignant cells was decreased by the latter, whereas proliferation of nonmalignant progenitor cells was supported. Liquid phase rSCF-IgG1 had a 2-fold increased potential to maintain primitive nonmalignant progenitor cells in stroma-free long-term culture compared with rSCF. Liquid phase rSCF-IgG1 caused enhanced and prolonged receptor phosphorylation and a more rapid down modulation of c-kit. Our data support the concept that solid phase-attachment of rSCF-IgG1 is sufficient for alteration of biological function and that rSCF-IgG1 partially blocks SCF-stimulated malignant cell growth while supporting normal progenitor cells.
Genomic DNA amplification by the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) method (2009)

Large amounts of DNA are frequently required for use in detection assays and genomic analysis. The limited availability of DNA can be a critical obstacle to meeting research and clinical needs. DNA amplification methods are often required to generate sufficient material from small specimens or environmental samples with low DNA content. The MDA (multiple displacement amplification) reaction is increasingly the method of choice for many applications because of its extensive coverage of the genome, the generation of extremely long DNA products compared with older whole genome amplification methods and the high DNA yields, even from exceedingly low amounts of starting material. Remarkably, MDA enables genomic sequencing even from single microbial cells. Some of the uses of MDA and its strengths and limitations will be discussed.
Error rate performance of experimental gigabit per square inch recording components (1990)

The authors measured the ontrack and offtrack error-rate performance of several combinations of experimental heads and disks using a partial-response channel at approximately 1 Gb/in/sup 2/. The system components include a magnetoresistive head, a thin-film disk, and the partial response readback channel. Precompensation and equalization were used to tune the channel for best performance. Results indicate that these components can write and read data at 1 Gb/in/sup 2/ with good error rates and offtrack margins.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>