gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Migraine Treatment With Rizatriptan in Real World Settings – Focusing on Treatment Strategy, Effectiveness, and Behavior (2009)

Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing efficacy of a drug intervention, because they are conducted in a highly selected group of patients, they do not necessarily reflect normal customary or optimized patient care. Accordingly, information from RCTs must be supplemented by outcomes research and by nonexperimental or quasi-experimental study designs. Herein, we discuss information that supplements the rigorous but sometimes rigid nature of RCTs in an effort to better understand the clinical utility of drug treatment for migraine with patient-centered outcomes in mind. We start by discussing several lessons we learned from RCTs on comparative triptan studies, followed by presenting data on outcomes studies for rizatriptan. We then briefly discuss migraine treatment behavior issues, including early treatment and adherence to treatment.
Quinone Reductase Inhibitors Block SAPK/JNK and NFκB Pathways and Potentiate Apoptosis (1999)

A variety of environmental stresses stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEKK) > stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)-ERK kinase (SEK) > SAPK/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) stress-activated protein kinase cascade and coordinately activate the transcription factor NFkappaB. Mechanisms of stress activation upstream of MEKK1 have not been precisely determined. Redox mechanisms involving sulfhydryls are likely because N-acetyl-cysteine at millimolar concentrations blocks stress signals. Because intracellular sulfhydryl concentrations can be regulated through redox cycling involving reactive quinones (1), we tested the ability of quinone reductase inhibitors to alter stress signaling. Several quinone reductases are inhibited by dicoumarol, a coumarin derivative. Dicoumarol prevented SAPK activation in vivo by chemical cell stressors and also prevented SAPK activation induced by expression of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) receptor-associated protein TRAF2 but not by expression of truncated active MEKK1. Other coumarin derivatives failed to block SAPK activation, but other inhibitors of quinone reductases, particularly menadione, similarly blocked SAPK activation. Cells deficient in a major quinone reductase, NQO1, displayed hypersensitivity to dicoumarol stress inhibition, whereas SAPK in cells reconstituted with the NQO1 gene displayed relative dicoumarol resistance. Consistent with the proposed role of overlapping upstream signaling cascades in activation of NFkappaB, dicoumarol also blocked NFkappaB activation in primary macrophages stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or TNFalpha. In addition, dicoumarol strongly potentiated TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, probably by blocking the anti-apoptotic effect of NFkappaB. The ability of dicoumarol to simultaneously inhibit SAPK and NFkappaB activation and to potentiate apoptotic cell death suggests that SAPK is not an obligate participant in apoptosis. Dicoumarol, currently in clinical use as an oral anticoagulant, represents a potential therapeutic inhibitor of the SAPK and NFkappaB response.
The microRNA Registry (2003)

The miRNA Registry provides a service for the assignment of miRNA gene names prior to publication. A comprehensive and searchable database of published miRNA sequences is accessible via a web interface (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/Rfam/mirna/), and all sequence and annotation data are freely available for download. Release 2.0 of the database contains 506 miRNA entries from six organisms.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled dose‐ranging study to evaluate the efficacy of alosetron in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2000)

Alosetron at a dose of 2 mg b.d. is an effective treatment for female patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Increased Production of Folate by Metabolic Engineering of Lactococcus lactis (2003)

The dairy starter bacterium Lactococcus lactis is able to synthesize folate and accumulates large amounts of folate, predominantly in the polyglutamyl form. Only small amounts of the produced folate are released in the extracellular medium. Five genes involved in folate biosynthesis were identified in a folate gene cluster in L. lactis MG1363: folA, folB, folKE, folP, and folC. The gene folKE encodes the biprotein 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase and GTP cyclohydrolase I. The overexpression of folKE in L. lactis was found to increase the extracellular folate production almost 10-fold, while the total folate production increased almost 3-fold. The controlled combined overexpression of folKE and folC, encoding polyglutamyl folate synthetase, increased the retention of folate in the cell. The cloning and overexpression of folA, encoding dihydrofolate reductase, decreased the folate production twofold, suggesting a feedback inhibition of reduced folates on folate biosynthesis.
New In situ Generated Ruthenium Catalysts Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclooctene (2002)

New 1,3-diarylimidazol(in)ium chlorides bearing phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, 2-tolyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, and 3,5-dimethylphenyl substituents were synthesized. They were combined with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 and potassium tert-butoxide or sodium hydride to generate the corresponding ruthenium-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in situ. Catalyst precursors derived from imidazol(in)ium salts bearing the 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (mesityl) and the 2,6-diisopropylphenyl groups were also prepared. The catalytic activity of all these species in the photoinduced ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene was investigated. The C4-C5 double bond in the imidazole ring of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligands was not crucial to achieve high catalytic efficiencies. The presence or the absence of alkyl groups on the ortho positions of the phenyl rings had a more pronounced influence. Blocking all the ortho positions was a requisite for obtaining efficient catalysts. Failure to do so probably results in the ortho-metallation of the carbene ligand, thereby altering the coordination sphere of the ruthenium active centers.
Suppression of yeast geranylgeranyl transferase I defect by alternative prenylation of two target GTPases, Rho1p and Cdc42p. (1993)

Geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase I), which modifies proteins containing the sequence Cys-Ali-Ali-Leu (Ali: aliphatic) at their C-termini, is indispensable for growth in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here that GGTase I is no longer essential when Rho1p and Cdc42p are simultaneously overproduced. The lethality of a GGTase I deletion is most efficiently suppressed by provision of both Rho1p and Cdc42p with altered C-terminal sequences (Cys-Ali-Ali-Met) corresponding to the C-termini of substrates of farnesyl transferase (FTase). Under these circumstances, the FTase, normally not essential for growth of yeast, becomes essential.
Activation method does not alter abnormal placental gene expression and development in cloned pigs (2010)

Nuclear transfer efficiency is low and is thought to be caused by inadequate placental development. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed transcripts in pig placentas derived from in vivo fertilization, in vitro fertilization or nuclear transfer at Day 30 of gestation. Three activation methods were compared: electrical fusion/activation, electrical fusion/activation followed by treatment with reversible proteasomal inhibitor, MG132 or electrical fusion followed by activation with Thimerosal/DTT. Extraembryonic membranes were collected 30 days after artificial insemination (IVV) or embryo transfer (IVF and NT). Extraembryonic membrane cDNAs labeled with Cy5 and a reference cDNA labeled with Cy3 were hybridized to a pig reproductive tissue-specific 19,968 spot cDNA microarray. Images acquired and assessed by using Genepix Pro 4.0 were analyzed by Genespring 7.3.1. ANOVA (P < 0.05) identified 227 differentially expressed transcripts between the five treatments and 0 between the three activation methods. The nuclear transfer groups were pooled and compared to in vivo samples, identifying 34 up- and 19 down-regulated transcripts (>2-fold change, P < 0.05). Ten transcripts were validated by real-time PCR. UPTI, PAG2, and GLUD1 protein was quantified by Western blot and densitometry verified that UPTI and PAG2 proteins had an expression pattern that mirrored mRNA abundance (P < 0.05). Localization patterns were also determined for UPTI, PAG2, GLUD2 and 14-3-3 gamma in Day 35 extraembryonic membranes. Observed differences in gene and protein expression in nuclear transfer extraembryonic membranes indicate that an impaired fetal-maternal interface, and not the activation method, may be causing defects observed in cloned pigs.
The biology and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults (1995)

Despite reports to the contrary, only a small minority of adults with ALL are currently cured. Results have improved modestly with more intensive postremission chemotherapy and with tailoring of protocols in individuals with specific subsets of ALL. The use of growth factors may further improve treatment results. The performance of allogeneic BMT in first remission is clearly effective in some individuals, eg, those with Ph1-positive ALL, but it is unclear whether it is advantageous in most individuals. There are little data supporting the effectiveness of autotransplantation, as currently performed in ALL, despite its theoretical potential. Advances in understanding the biology of ALL have led to new approaches currently under basic and clinical investigation. These include serial studies of minimal residual disease by a variety of techniques to tailor treatment, the development of conjugated MoAbs to lymphoid cell antigens and immunologic and biochemical approaches to chimeric RNA and peptides generated by abnormal fusion genes. It seems likely that substantial improvement in the treatment of adult ALL awaits better characterization of the biology of this disease. However, some improvement will occur through empirical clinical research. It is critical that physicians recognize the poor results with current therapeutic approaches and enter patients into large well-designed clinical trials.
Effects of hydrogen bond and solvent polarity on the C=O stretching of bis(2-thienyl)ketone in solution (2012)

The optimized structural parameters, the absorption and the resonance Raman spectra have been investigated for the bis(2-thienyl)ketone in gas phase, in cyclohexane, methanol, and acetonitrile solvents by means of time dependent density functional theory calculations, the solvent electronic polarization effect on the solvation shift is examined and in well accordance with the calculation. The effect of increasing the polarity of the solvent is well represented by the polarizable continuum model, both for the absorption spectra and resonance Raman intensities. The Raman spectra of the C=O stretching mode, which is sensitive to the intermolecular interaction for bis(2-thienyl)ketone dissolved in solvents, were systematically studied. It was found that the hydrogen bond effect plays an important role in reducing the carbonyl stretching wavenumbers. The results of Raman shifts were interpreted through the dilution effect, solvation effects, and hydrogen bond-forming effects. Furthermore, the excitation profiles of several important Raman bands of bis(2-thienyl)ketone molecule in different solvents have been critically analyzed. The solvent effects on structural and symmetry properties of the molecule in S2 electronic state as well as the short-time photo relaxation dynamics have been discussed.
Effect of betamethasone treatment on iodothyronines and thyroid hormone-binding proteins during controlled nutrition (1983)

Forty patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were divided into four groups. They were given betamethasone (6 mg daily) either iv or orally in combination with either iv or oral administration of nutrients. The glucocorticoid reduced the serum T4 significantly (11-16%) when the nutrition was given iv and the same trend occurred (7-9%) in the orally nutriated groups. Corticosteroids reduced the serum T3 by 20-39%, TSH 29-67%, delta TSH 45-76% and TBG 11-18% and increased the rT3 by 19-66% and the T3-uptake 6-16% irrespective of the mode of administration of the steroids although the changes did not reach statistical significance (P less than 0.05) in all groups. A significant increase of serum TBPA by 24% occurred only in the group receiving both steroids and nutrition iv with only minor or no changes (0-12%) in the other three groups. Except for the serum T4 the results were not influenced by the mode of nutrition (iv or oral).
D ouglas, M ary (1921–2007) (2018)

Mary Douglas was one of the most important anthropologists of the twentieth century. Her studies of bodily symbolism, pollution beliefs, ritual, ideas about nature, the politics of risk, and the Bible were broadly influential. Looking back on her many contributions, she claimed that her principle interest all along was to articulate an anthropological theory of the social basis of thought. She remained committed to the sociology of Émile Durkheim, believing that people discern an order in nature that both reflects and reproduces the institutions and values of their social worlds.
Foreword (2006)

Excellent long-term results have been achieved with cemented implants. However, the profile of the patient presenting for total hip replacement has changed. Pain and disability are no longer the only indications for surgery. The millennium patient, em-powered with information, seeks surgical intervention to restore quality of life. Thus, ever younger cohorts of patients are presenting for total hip replacement. Conservative surgery embraces both soft issue sparing and bone conservation. If the surgeon is confident the hip he is going to use will outlast the patient he should use it. Otherwise he should consider the next operation and conserve bone. Any implant that makes contact with the diaphyseal cortex or is ingrown distally will offload distally with consequent proximal stress protection. Bone conservation is achieved both by taking less bone at the time of surgery and by optimising the physiological loading of the proximal femur to preserve bone in the longer term. This supplement reviews the evolution and the clinical heritage of a short, stemless metaphyseal loading implant the PROXIMA. Elegant biomechanical studies have shown that the PROXIMA is not a 'fit and fill' prosthesis. Excellent axial and rotational stability can be achieved within the cancellous bone, and the implant is suspended in and moves in consort with the surrounding cancellous bone. This reduces the shear stresses at the fixation interface and optimises load transfer in the metaphysis. Bone densitometry demonstrated that the shorter second generation customised Santori stem avoided subtrochanteric buttressing and enhanced the load transfer to the proximal femur with consequent bone remodelling. Using DEXA to compare the periprosthetic bone density of the short stem with a variety of other commercially available cementless femoral implants confirmed that the PROXIMA preferentially loads the metaphyseal bone. The 'round the corner' technique for the insertion of the PROXIMA is ideally suited for minimally invasive surgical approaches. The 'MicroHip' technique uses a section of the anterior Smith-Peterson approach. This is a truly internervous and inter-muscular plane which provides excellent access to the hip joint. Minimal soft tissue disruption, together with bone preservation, makes PROXIMA a truly conservative op-tion for the millennium patient.
Neural Networks with Few Multiplications (2015)

For most deep learning algorithms training is notoriously time consuming. Since most of the computation in training neural networks is typically spent on floating point multiplications, we investigate an approach to training that eliminates the need for most of these. Our method consists of two parts: First we stochastically binarize weights to convert multiplications involved in computing hidden states to sign changes. Second, while back-propagating error derivatives, in addition to binarizing the weights, we quantize the representations at each layer to convert the remaining multiplications into binary shifts. Experimental results across 3 popular datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, SVHN) show that this approach not only does not hurt classification performance but can result in even better performance than standard stochastic gradient descent training, paving the way to fast, hardware-friendly training of neural networks.
Readily accessible 12-I-5 oxidant for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReadily accessible 12-I-5 oxidant for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketonesD. B. Dess and J. C. MartinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 22, 4155–4156Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00170a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00170a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26593Altmetric-Citations3081LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Achieving integrated consistency maintenance and awareness in real-time collaborative programming environments: The CoEclipse approach (2012)

Real-time collaborative programming environments support a team of programmers to edit the same shared source code document concurrently over communication networks. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel real-time collaborative programming system named CoEclipse, which transparently converts the single-user Eclipse IDE into a multi-user real-time collaborative programming tool, incorporates and integrates syntactic and semantic consistency maintenance techniques derived from our prior work, and provides advanced awareness features for supporting semantic conflict prevention. The novelties of CoEclipse include its full compatibility with existing single-user programming environments in terms of user interfaces and working processes, seamless integration of syntactic and semantic consistency maintenance features, and providing complementary approaches of awareness and locking in collectively supporting semantic conflict prevention. Furthermore, the CoEclipse approach in supporting advanced real-time collaboration is generic, which can be applied to other application domains for achieving similar design objectives and rationales.
PGH2‐derived levuglandin adducts increase the neurotoxicity of amyloid β1–42 (2006)

The body of evidence indicating that oligomers of amyloid beta(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) produce toxicity to neurons, together with our demonstration that prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2)) oligomerizes amyloid beta(1-42), led to the examination of the neurotoxicity of amyloid beta(1-42) treated with PGH(2). The neurotoxic effects of Abeta(1-42) incubated with PGH(2) was examined in primary cultures of cerebral neurons of mice, monitoring the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) as an indicator of cell toxicity. Whereas Abeta(1-42) itself, incubated for 24 h, has little or no effect on MTT reduction, Abeta(1-42) 24 h after exposure to PGH(2) produced a marked inhibition of MTT reduction, comparable with the inhibition resulting from Abeta(1-42) that has been oligomerized by incubation for 6 days. Similar results were obtained when Abeta(1-42) was incubated with levuglandin E(2) (LGE(2)), a reactive aldehyde formed by spontaneous rearrangement of PGH(2). The oligomers formed from reaction of Abeta(1-42) with LGE(2) exhibit immunochemical similarity with amyloid-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), as determined by analysis of the products of reaction of Abeta(1-42) with LGE(2) using western blotting with an antibody that is selective for ADDLs.
Derangements of Hippocampal Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in a Mouse Model for Angelman Mental Retardation Syndrome (2003)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a disorder of human cognition characterized by severe mental retardation and epilepsy. Recently, a mouse model for AS (Ube3a maternal null mutation) was developed that displays deficits in both context-dependent learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In the present studies, we examined the molecular basis for these LTP and learning deficits. Mutant animals exhibited a significant increase in hippocampal phospho-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), specifically at sites Thr(286) and Thr(305), with no corresponding change in the levels of total CaMKII. In addition, mutants show a reduction in CaMKII activity, autophosphorylation capability, and total CaMKII associated with postsynaptic density. These findings are the first to implicate misregulation of CaMKII as a molecular cause for the neurobehavioral deficits in a human learning disorder.
Electric Dipole Transitions from the 2.6-MeV Septuplet inBi209 (1969)

The resonant scattering of electron bremsstrahlung by the ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}$, ${\frac{9}{2}}^{+}$, and ${\frac{11}{2}}^{+}$ members of the 2.6-MeV septuplet in ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{209}$ has been studied. On the basis of the scattered intensities, and assuming ground-state branching ratios $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively, ground-state transition widths of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}(2.581, {\frac{7}{2}}^{+})&lt;10$ meV, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}(2.563, {\frac{9}{2}}^{+})=30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5$ meV, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}(2.598, {\frac{11}{2}}^{+})=9.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4$ meV were obtained. The observed transition strengths agree well with the predictions of the particle-vibration model in the form used by Hamamoto, with ${{e}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{2}(E1)=0.05$.
Induction and de novo synthesis of uricase, a nitrogen-regulated enzyme in Neurospora crassa (1987)

Two efficient procedures are presented for the purification of the purine catabolic enzyme uricase from Neurospora crassa. A specific antiserum for uricase was prepared and used to examine the regulation of uricase expression. Even when wild-type cells are growing under full nitrogen repression conditions, they possess a considerable basal level of uricase. Induction results in a severalfold increase in the level of this enzyme and reflects de novo enzyme synthesis. Identical forms of uricase were translated in vitro from RNA isolated from control and induced cells, but, unexpectedly, induced cells contained less translatable uricase mRNA than did control cells. Although uricase is localized in peroxisomes, the enzyme subunit appears to be synthesized in mature form without any requirement for processing.