gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Modifications of Branched PEI Lead to Highly Efficient siRNA Carriers with Low Toxicity (2008)

Polymer carriers like PEI which proved their efficiency in DNA delivery were found to be far less effective for the applications with siRNA. In the current study, we generated a number of nontoxic derivates of branched PEI through modification of amines by ethyl acrylate, acetylation of primary amines, or introduction of negatively charged propionic acid or succinic acid groups to the polymer structure. The resulting products showed high efficiency in siRNA-mediated knockdown of target gene. In particular, succinylation of branched PEI resulted in up to 10-fold lower polymer toxicity in comparison to unmodified PEI. Formulations of siRNA with succinylated PEI were able to induce remarkable knockdown (80% relative to untreated cells) of target luciferase gene at the lowest tested siRNA concentration of 50 nM in Neuro2ALuc cells. The polyplex stability assay revealed that the efficiency of formulations which are stable in physiological saline is independent of the affinity of siRNA to the polymer chain. The improved properties of modified PEI as siRNA carrier are largely a consequence of the lower polymer toxicity. In order to achieve significant knockdown of target gene, the PEI-based polymer has to be applied at higher concentrations, required most probably for sufficient accumulation and proton sponge effects in endosomes. Unmodified PEI is highly toxic at such polymer concentrations. In contrast, the far less toxic modified analogues can be applied in concentrations required for the knockdown of target genes without side effects.
[Gene expression profiling in human mesothelioma cells using DNA microarray and high-density filter array technologies]. (2001)

Although the use of asbestos has been banned in most industrialized countries, it is still a major public health concern. Asbestos fibers are mutagenic and carcinogenic for humans, classified as "carcinogen category 1 (T, R45: can cause the cancer)" in the 25th adaptation of the directive 67/548/EEC. In France, asbestos is thought to be responsible each year for many pulmonary diseases: pleural plaque, bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma (malignant tumor of pleura). In order to better understand the transformation process of pleural cells, we compared the gene expression of mesothelium cells (Met-5A) and mesothelioma cells (MSTO-211H) using high-density filter array (588 genes) and microarray (6.969 genes). Results of both technologies were compared and expression levels of several genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data analysis with GemtoolsTM 2.4 software allows us hierarchical classification of genes of known functions by enzyme, function and pathway clusters and leads to characterize both malignant and normal phenotypes. Finally, the comparison between the two cell lines provides new markers of mesothelioma and pleura. They could be useful for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic.
Noise-robust open-set speaker recognition using noise-dependent Gaussian mixture classifier (2002)

Speaker recognition makes a decision to either accept or reject a recognized speaker candidate, based on some score (e.g. likelihood) associated to the item. Model-based classification can be used to make the decision. In mobile device applications, the background noise level may affect the score distributions and cause a decision failure. We describe a new decision procedure, which treats the scores as the outcome of Gaussian mixture distributions, where mean and covariance parameters are modeled as polynomial functions of noise level. We evaluate the procedure on a speaker recognition task in a mobile and noisy environment, using a hands-free microphone. Experiments show that the system delivers an equal error rate of 0.30%, 0.80% and 3.53% for parked, stop-and-go and highway driving conditions. The method maintains a balance between false acceptance and false rejection under all driving conditions, making any empirical threshold adjustment unnecessary.
Modification of the Cope drainage catheter to facilitate placement (1986)

Modification of the Cope drainage catheter to facilitate placementHL Berman, CW Bakal and SG KatzAudio Available | Share
EFFECTS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS IN DIFFERENT BIOASSAY METHODS (1964)

ABSTRACT Several gonadotrophin preparations, HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin), HPG (Human Pituitary Gonadotrophin) and NIH FSH S 1 (a FSH preparation distributed by the National Institute of Health) were investigated for biological activity, using three methods of assay. The rat augmentation test, specific for FSH, and the rat seminal vesicle weight test, specific for ICSH both gave statistically valid results. The potencies were expressed in terms of the IRP (International Reference Preparation for HMG), and the International HCG Standard respectively. The gonadotrophic activity as determined by the rat uterine weight method was expressed in terms of IRP and in terms of the International HCG Standard. Good agreement was found between the results in the uterine weight method and the seminal vesicle test, suggesting a strong ICSH dependence for the former. On the other hand, the results of the uterine weight method and the augmentation test were not in agreement. Consequently the rat uterine weight method must be regarded as completely unsuitable for the assay of FSH-activity. Among the three test methods studied, the augmentation test appears to be the only one suitable for the assay of the FSH content of gonadotrophin preparations for clinical use. Fractionation of HMG with ethanol led to preparations with high FSH activity, 200 to 300 times that of IRP, but with little ICSH activity. Most of the ICSH was concentrated in other fractions, indicating that both hormones can be separated. In starch gel electrophoresis these fractions showed different patterns.
Endothelial dysfunction is a potential contributor to multiple organ failure and mortality in aged mice subjected to septic shock: preclinical studies in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (2014)

Based on the studies in eNOS mice, we conclude that the lack of endothelial nitric oxide production, on its own, may be sufficient to markedly exacerbate the severity of septic shock. Aging markedly worsens the degree of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis, yielding a significant worsening of the overall outcome. Thus, endothelial dysfunction may constitute an early predictor and independent contributor to sepsis-associated MODS and mortality in aged mice.
Production of Recombinant Human Protein C In Vitro and In Vivo by Muscle Cells (1999)

Protein C plays a key role in a natural anticoagulation mechanism, and is also implicated in fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory functions. Here we describe the production of biologically active human protein C by muscle-targeted gene transfer. Human protein C expression vectors were designed and constructed to produce human protein C in skeletal muscle cells. These vectors were tested in transient and stable transfections of SCID mice myoblasts. Stably transfected cells produced as high as 2.27 microg/10(6) cells/day. Human protein C produced had a relative activity of 92+/-8% compared to the plasma derived human protein C, and was composed of alpha and beta forms, 69% and 31%, respectively. After implantation of stably transfected myoblasts into the hind limb muscles of SCID mice, systemic stable production of human protein C in a range of 31-116 ng/ml serum was obtained up to at least 2.5 months.
Analysis of power recycling techniques for RF and microwave outphasing power amplifiers (2002)

A power recycling technique has been analyzed for efficiency-enhanced radio-frequency (RF) and microwave outphasing power amplifiers for mobile wireless communications. By use of a simple power recycling network, a considerable portion of the wasted power can be recovered back to the power supply, and the enhancement of the overall power efficiency can be achieved without sacrificing the high-linearity performance of the amplifier system. An analysis and calculations have been conducted to optimize the recycling network for maximum power efficiency. The results predict a significant improvement on the overall power efficiency of the amplifier system for various modulations.
Identification of the Protein Target of Myelin-Binding Ligands by Immunohistochemistry and Biochemical Analyses (2012)

The ability to visualize myelin is important in the diagnosis of demyelinating disorders and the detection of myelin-containing nerves during surgery. The development of myelin-selective imaging agents requires that a defined target for these agents be identified and that a robust assay against the target be developed to allow for assessment of structure-activity relationships. We describe an immunohistochemical analysis and a fluorescence polarization binding assay using purified myelin basic protein (MBP) that provides quantitative evidence that MBP is the molecular binding partner of previously described myelin-selective fluorescent dyes such as BMB, GE3082, and GE3111.
Power aware microarchitecture resource scaling (2002)

In this paper we present a strategy for run-time profiling to optimize the configuration of a microprocessor dynamically so as to save power with minimum performance penalty. The configuration of the processor changes according to the parallelism in the running program. Experiments on some benchmark programs show good savings in total energy consumption; we have observed a decrease of up to 23% in energy/cycle and up to 8% in energy per instruction. Our proposed approach can be used for energy-aware computing in either portable applications or in desktop environments where power density is becoming a concern. This approach can also be incorporated in larger power management strategies like ACPI.
CD146, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, is associated with triple-negative breast cancer (2011)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in breast cancer metastasis, especially in the most aggressive and lethal subtype, "triple-negative breast cancer" (TNBC). Here, we report that CD146 is a unique activator of EMTs and significantly correlates with TNBC. In epithelial breast cancer cells, overexpression of CD146 down-regulated epithelial markers and up-regulated mesenchymal markers, significantly promoted cell migration and invasion, and induced cancer stem cell-like properties. We further found that RhoA pathways positively regulated CD146-induced EMTs via the key EMT transcriptional factor Slug. An orthotopic breast tumor model demonstrated that CD146-overexpressing breast tumors showed a poorly differentiated phenotype and displayed increased tumor invasion and metastasis. We confirmed these findings by conducting an immunohistochemical analysis of 505 human primary breast tumor tissues and found that CD146 expression was significantly associated with high tumor stage, poor prognosis, and TNBC. CD146 was expressed at abnormally high levels (68.9%), and was strongly associated with E-cadherin down-regulation in TNBC samples. Taken together, these findings provide unique evidence that CD146 promotes breast cancer progression by induction of EMTs via the activation of RhoA and up-regulation of Slug. Thus, CD146 could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer, especially for TNBC.
Techniques for Multibranch Well Trajectory Design in the Context of a Three-Dimensional Reservoir Model (1996)

Abstract Mullibranch wells offer a means to contact more reservoir per wellhead or platform slot. Optimal well plans must begin with a concept of the trajectories of the lateral branches within the productive reservoir zones These can be vertical, inclined or horizontal, as can the main trunk of the well. This paper provides criteria for deciding the lateral branch trajectories depending on reservoir properties, rock stress regime and the geometries of the productive reservoir units. Because production from several lateral wells can be commingled in a common main trunk, this may permit more holes to be drilled in the reservoir than would have been feasible with conventional wells. The reservoir model used for planning a multibranch well must capture the delineations of the hydrocarbon-bearing zones, the major axes of the stress regime and the first order controls on fluid flow in the reservoir. This paper illustrates the representation of the three-dimensional visualization of the main reservoir bodies showing the gas, oil and water zones along with the proposed well path. Finally, the reservoir model provides properties of the productive zones to be completed along the well trajectory enabling a forecast of the well productivity for economic analysis. Once a set of well branches has been envisioned, the well plan proceeds from the reservoir to the surface. For a multibranch well, the main trunk should have a simple trajectory to ensure successful drilling and completion and to enable future access to the branches. From the main trunk the well plan projects an optimal path to the wellhead location. Alternatively, the well plan may accommodate a sidetrack trajectory to a planned branch from an existing well.
Crambescidins: new antiviral and cytotoxic compounds from the sponge Crambe crambe (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrambescidins: new antiviral and cytotoxic compounds from the sponge Crambe crambeElizabeth A. Jares-Erijman, Ryuichi Sakai, and Kenneth L. RinehartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 19, 5712–5715Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00019a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (489 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM OILS AND FATS WITH HIGH FREE FATTY ACIDS (2001)

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetableoils or animal fats. Most of the biodiesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. The highvalue of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a costeffective fuel very challenging. However, there are largeamounts of lowcost oils and fats such as restaurant waste and animal fats that could be converted to biodiesel. The problemwith processing these low cost oils and fats is that they often contain large amounts of free fatty acids (FFA) that cannot beconverted to biodiesel using an alkaline catalyst. In this study, a technique is described to reduce the free fatty acids contentof these feedstocks using an acidcatalyzed pretreatment to esterify the free fatty acids before transesterifying the triglycerideswith an alkaline catalyst to complete the reaction. Initial process development was performed with synthetic mixturescontaining 20% and 40% free fatty acids, prepared using palmitic acid. Process parameters such as the molar ratio of alcohol,type of alcohol, acid catalyst amount, reaction time, and free fatty acids level were investigated to determine the best strategyfor converting the free fatty acids to usable esters. The work showed that the acid level of the high free fatty acids feedstockscould be reduced to less than 1% with a 2step pretreatment reaction. The reaction mixture was allowed to settle betweensteps so that the watercontaining alcohol phase could be removed. The 2step pretreatment reaction was demonstrated withactual feedstocks, including yellow grease with 12% free fatty acids and brown grease with 33% free fatty acids. After reducingthe acid levels of these feedstocks to less than 1%, the transesterification reaction was completed with an alkaline catalystto produce fuelgrade biodiesel.
Optical surface waves over metallo-dielectric nanostructures: Sommerfeld integrals revisited (2008)

The asymptotic closed-form solution to the fundamental diffraction problem of a linear horizontal Hertzian dipole radiating over the metallo-dielectric interface is provided. For observation points just above the interface, we confirm that the total surface near-field is the sum of two components: a long-range surface plasmon polariton and a short-range radiative cylindrical wave. The relative phases, amplitudes and damping functions of each component are quantitatively elucidated through simple analytic expressions for the entire range of propagation: near and asymptotic. Validation of the analytic solution is performed by comparing the predictions of a dipolar model with recently published data.
Low-temperature nonequilibrium transport in a Luttinger liquid (1995)

The temperature-dependent nonlinear conductance for transport of a Luttinger liquid through a barrier is calculated in the nonperturbative regime for g=1/2-\ensuremath{\epsilon}, where g is the dimensionless interaction constant. To describe the low-energy behavior, we perform a leading-logarithmic summation of all diagrams contributing to the conductance which is valid for \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\ll}1. With increasing external voltage, the asymptotic low-temperature behavior displays a turnover from the ${\mathit{T}}^{2/\mathit{g}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ to a universal ${\mathit{T}}^{2}$ law.
Spontaneous recovery of cochlear fibrocytes after severe degeneration caused by acute energy failure (2014)

Cochlear fibrocytes in the lateral wall region play a critical role in the regulation of inner ear ion and fluid homeostasis, although these are non-sensory cells. Along with other non-sensory cells, fibrocytes in the spiral ligament have been reported to repopulate themselves after damage. However, the studies of regeneration of cochlear fibrocytes have been difficult because a suitable fibrocyte-specific degeneration model did not exist. Therefore, we analyzed cochlear fibrocytes using a rat model of acute cochlear energy failure induced by a mitochondrial toxin. This model is unique because hearing loss is caused by apoptosis of fibrocytes in the cochlear lateral wall not by damage to sensory cells. Although this model involves severe damage to the cochlear lateral wall, delayed spontaneous regeneration occurs without any treatment. Moreover, partial hearing recovery is accompanied by morphological remodeling of the cochlear lateral wall. Two hypotheses are conceivable regarding this spontaneous recovery of cochlear fibrocytes. One is that residual cochlear fibrocytes proliferate spontaneously, followed by remodeling of the functional region of the lateral wall. Another is that some foreign cells such as bone marrow-derived cells promote morphological and functional recovery of the lateral wall. Acceleration of the lateral wall recovery promoted by these mechanisms may be a new therapeutic strategy against hearing loss.
Crosstalk mitigation in a free-space orbital angular momentum multiplexed communication link using 4×4 MIMO equalization (2014)

We demonstrate crosstalk mitigation using 4×4 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) equalization on an orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed free-space data link with heterodyne detection. Four multiplexed OAM beams, each carrying a 20 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying signal, propagate through weak turbulence. The turbulence induces inter-channel crosstalk among each beam and degrades the signal performance. Experimental results demonstrate that with the assistance of MIMO processing, the signal quality and the bit-error-rate (BER) performance can be improved. The power penalty can be reduced by >4 dB at a BER of 3.8×10<sup>-3</sup>.
Recombinant Self-Complementary Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype Vector-Mediated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transduction and Lineage-Restricted, Long-Term Transgene Expression in a Murine Serial Bone Marrow Transplantation Model (2008)

Although conventional recombinant single-stranded adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (ssAAV2) vectors have been shown to efficiently transduce numerous cells and tissues such as brain and muscle, their ability to transduce primary hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been reported to be controversial. We have previously documented that among the ssAAV serotype 1 through 5 vectors, ssAAV1 vectors are more efficient in transducing primary murine HSCs, but that viral second-strand DNA synthesis continues to be a rate-limiting step. In the present studies, we evaluated the transduction efficiency of several novel serotype vectors (AAV1, AAV7, AAV8, and AAV10) and documented efficient transduction of HSCs in a murine serial bone marrow transplantation model. Self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors were found to be more efficient than ssAAV vectors, and the use of hematopoietic cell-specific enhancers/promoters, such as the human beta-globin gene DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 enhancer and promoter (HS2-betap) from the beta-globin locus control region (LCR), and the human parvovirus B19 promoter at map unit 6 (B19p6), allowed sustained transgene expression in an erythroid lineage-restricted manner in both primary and secondary transplant recipient mice. The proviral AAV genomes were stably integrated into progenitor cell chromosomal DNA, and did not lead to any overt hematological abnormalities in mice. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of the use of novel scAAV vectors for achieving high-efficiency transduction of HSCs as well as erythroid lineage-restricted expression of a therapeutic gene for the potential gene therapy of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
Activation of 2′-5′ Oligoadenylate Synthetase by Single-stranded and Double-stranded RNA Aptamers (1998)

A number of small RNA molecules that are high affinity ligands for the 46-kDa form of human 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase have been identified by the SELEX method. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicates that these RNAs bind to the enzyme with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Competition experiments indicate that the binding site for the small RNAs on the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase molecule at least partially overlaps that for the synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly(I).poly(C). Several of the RNAs function as potent activators of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase in vitro, although there is no correlation between binding affinity and ability to activate. The RNA aptamers having the strongest activation potential appear to have few base-paired regions. This suggests that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase, which has previously been believed to be activated only by double-stranded RNA, can also be activated by RNA ligands with little secondary structure. Since 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase possesses no homology to other known RNA-binding proteins, the development of small specific ligands by SELEX should facilitate studies of RNA-protein interactions and may reveal novel features of the structure-function relationships involving this enzyme.