gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quiz case: Congenital bronchogenic cyst. (1978)

Investigation of the melt rheological properties of polyethylenes prepared with chromium, titanium, vanadium, and zirconium catalysts immobilized on MgCl2 supports has confirmed narrow (Schulz-Flory) molecular weight distribution, indicative of single-center catalysis, for Cr-, V-, and Zr-based systems, but not for Ti. In the case of polymers prepared with MgCl 2-immobilized Ti complexes and having narrow MWD (M w/Mn 2-3) according to GPC, deviation from a Schulz-Flory distribution was evident from a decrease in storage modulus with decreasing angular frequencies, whereas polyethylenes prepared with analogous vanadium complexes exhibited a constant (plateau) modulus over a wide frequency range. The presence of the constant plateau modulus in high molecular weight polyethylenes is characteristic for narrow MWD, so that melt rheology provides a valuable tool to prove, or disprove, the presence of a Schulz-Flory distribution in cases where GPC does not provide a definitive answer. © 2007 American Chemical Society.
Human antibody expression in transgenic mice. (2001)

Human antibody repertoires can be created in transgenic mice following the introduction of human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes in their germline configuration. Transgene constructs or transloci have been obtained by plasmid assembly, cloning in yeast artificial chromosomes, and the use of chromosome fragments. Translocus integration and maintenance in transgenic mouse strains has been achieved by pronuclear DNA injection into oocytes and various transfection methods using embryonic stem cells. The human DNA segments rearrange faithfully in the mouse and produce extensive V(D)J combinations. Specific human monoclonal antibodies of high affinity for use in therapeutic applications have been produced from these translocus mice.
Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion (2003)

A neuroimaging study examined the neural correlates of social exclusion and tested the hypothesis that the brain bases of social pain are similar to those of physical pain. Participants were scanned while playing a virtual ball-tossing game in which they were ultimately excluded. Paralleling results from physical pain studies, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was more active during exclusion than during inclusion and correlated positively with self-reported distress. Right ventral prefrontal cortex (RVPFC) was active during exclusion and correlated negatively with self-reported distress. ACC changes mediated the RVPFC-distress correlation, suggesting that RVPFC regulates the distress of social exclusion by disrupting ACC activity.
Behavior of Mild Cervical Dysplasia During Long-Term Follow-up (1986)

Five hundred and fifty-five women with cervical cytologically diagnosed mild cervical dysplasia were followed by cytology without major treatment. Biopsies were performed in 14% resulting in no significant influence on the outcome of the studied material. Regression to normal occurred in 62% (follow-up 39 months), progression to severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ/invasive carcinoma in 16% (invasive carcinoma: two patients), and persistence of dysplasia in 22%. Life table analysis calculated the risk of progression of mild dysplasia to be 250 to 800/100,000 women/year. A comparison with the incidence of carcinoma in situ, four of 100,000 women/year, illustrates the yearly risk for a woman with mild dysplasia as 560 times greater than for a woman without cervical dysplasia to develop severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ/invasive carcinoma.(Obstet Gynecol 67:665, 1986)
ACE2: more of Ang-(1–7) or less Ang II? (2010)

Further research on the contribution of the Ang-(1-7)/ACE2/Mas axis to cardiovascular pathology will lead to the development of new pharmacological approaches resulting in the design of molecular or genetic means to increase the expression of ACE2, allow for increased tissue levels of Ang-(1-7), or both.
Acceptance of tamoxifen chemoprevention by physicians and women at risk (2004)

In the current study, risk due to AH or LCIS was found to be the main predictor of being offered and accepting tamoxifen chemoprevention.
Lithium in Organic Synthesis (2004)

Introduction Nature of Organolithium Compounds Overview Structural Features Configurational Stability Titration of Organolithium Compounds Methods for the Preparation of Organolithium Compounds Overview Reductive Lithiation using Lithium Metal Preparation of Organolithium Compounds from Another Organolithium Compounds Deprotonation Halogen-Lithium Exchange Transmetallation Carbolithiation Miscellaneous Methods for Construction of Carbon Frameworks by Use of Organolithium Compounds Overview Stereospecificity Synthetic Application CC Bond Formation: Conversion of CLi to Halogen-Li CC Bond Formation: Conversion of CLi to O-Li CC Bond Formation: Conversion of CLi to N-Li References
Gene structure and differential expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor mRNA: identification and distribution of four different transcripts. (1993)

We have isolated four cDNA clones coding for human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) containing alternative 5' untranslated exons. Using RNAase protection analyses, we demonstrated the presence of at least four upstream, untranslated exons that are alternatively spliced to the first protein-coding exon. We designate these four untranslated exons, -1A, -1B, -1C and -1D. Splicing of these exons to the first coding exon will generate mRNA 1.A, 1.B, 1.C and 1.D respectively. Expression of these transcripts is regulated in a tissue-specific manner, as the major aFGF transcript in human brain frontal cortex differs from that in kidney. Furthermore, the pattern of aFGF transcripts in several glioblastoma cell lines tested is different from that in normal brain tissue. We isolated nine overlapping genomic clones containing these four upstream, untranslated exons. These four exons were localized on these clones by Southern hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis. The overlapping clones are shown to be contiguous with our previously isolated genomic clones that contain the three aFGF-coding exons. The sizes of the four introns are 82.9, 71.1, 29.3 and 6.9 kbp. The transcriptional start sites of the two most upstream exons (-1A and -1B) have been mapped using RNAase protection and primer extension analyses. The sequences upstream of the start sites for aFGF 1.B mRNA do not contain a consensus TATA box. In contrast, the canonical CCAAT and TATA sequences are located at the proper distances from the transcription start site of aFGF 1.A mRNA.
Invited review: Mechanisms of endotoxin neutralization by synthetic cationic compounds (2006)

A basic challenge in the treatment of septic patients in critical care units is the release of bacterial pathogenicity factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) from the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria due to killing by antibiotics. LPS aggregates may interact with serum and membrane proteins such as LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and CD14 leading to the observed strong reaction of the immune system. Thus, an effective treatment of patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria must comprise beside bacterial killing the neutralization of endotoxins. Here, data are summarized for synthetic compounds indicating the stepwise development to very effective LPS-neutralizing agents. These data include synthetic peptides, based on the endotoxin-binding domains of natural binding proteins such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-LPS factor, NK-lysin, and cathelicidins or based on LPS sequestering polyamines. Many of these compounds could be shown to act not only in vitro, but also in vivo (e.g . in animal models of sepsis), and might be useful in future clinical trials and in sepsis therapy.
Regional Distribution of Putative NPY Y1 Receptors and Neurons Expressing Y1 mRNA in Forebrain Areas of the Rat Central Nervous System (1993)

Using monoiodinated radioligands of peptide YY (PYY), and the recently introduced neuropeptide Y (NPY) analogue [Leu31, Pro34]NPY, receptor binding sites of the Y1 and Y2 type were localized in the rat brain by quantitative in vitro autoradiography. The binding specificity and affinity of both radiolabelled ligands were analysed by ligand binding studies employing rat brain membrane homogenates from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, the regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA encoding the Y1 receptor were investigated in rat brain sections and compared to the distribution of Y1-specific binding sites. PYY binds to both Y1 and Y2 receptors, while long C-terminal fragments such as NPY13-36 and NPY-16-36 bind preferentially to Y2 receptors. [Leu31,Pro34]NPY is a specific agonist for Y1 receptors. Highest densities of [125I]PYY binding sites were found in the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, the lateral septum, the hippocampus and the mesencephalic dopaminergic areas. In order to block putative Y2 receptors, a series of [125I]PYY binding experiments was performed in the presence of NPY13-36 (1 microM), a Y2 preferring C-terminal fragment. High densities of binding sites remained present in the cerebral cortex, the thalamus and the medial mammillary nucleus when NPY13-36 was present in the incubation medium. Furthermore, these areas were highly enriched with [125I][Leu31,Pro34]NPY binding sites. In contrast, the hippocampal complex had its binding capacity reduced by approximately 50%, while the lateral septum and mesencephalic dopaminergic areas had their binding capacities reduced even further. Linear regression analysis showed a high degree of correspondence between [125I][Leu31,Pro34]NPY binding and that obtained with [125I]PYY in the presence of 1 microM NPY13-36, suggesting that the two independent approaches to visualizing Y1 binding sites are comparable. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed high levels of Y1 mRNA in the granular cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, several thalamic nuclei and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Moderate levels of Y1 mRNA were seen in the frontoparietal cortex, several thalamic nuclei, the hippocampal pyramidal layers, the subiculum, the olfactory tubercle, the claustrum and a number of hypothalamic nuclei. The mesencephalon, the amygdala and most basal ganglia showed very low levels of hybridization. The present study further clarifies the anatomical distribution of multiple NPY binding sites within the central nervous system of the rat, and extends earlier suggestions that Y1 and Y2 receptor types are present within the central nervous system.
Block-coded PSK modulation using two-level group codes over dihedral groups (1998)

A length n group code over a group G is a subgroup of G/sup n/ under component-wise group operation. Group codes over dihedral groups D/sub M/, with 2M elements, that are two-level constructible using a binary code and a code over Z/sub M/ residue class integer ring modulo M, as component codes are studied for arbitrary M. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions on the component codes for the two-level construction to result in a group code over D/sub M/ are obtained. The conditions differ for M odd and even. Using two-level group codes over D/sub M/ as label codes, the performance of a block-coded modulation scheme is discussed under all possible matched labelings of 2M-APSK and 2M-SPSK (asymmetric and symmetric PSK) signal sets in terms of the minimum squared Euclidean distance. Matched labelings that lead to automorphic Euclidean distance equivalent codes are identified. It is shown that depending upon the ratio of Hamming distances of the component codes some labelings perform better than others. The best labeling is identified under a set of restrictive conditions. Finally, conditions on the component codes for phase rotational invariance properties of the signal space codes are discussed.
High accuracy and language independent document retrieval with a Fast Invariant Transform (2009)

This paper presents a tool and a novel Fast Invariant Transform (FIT) algorithm for language independent e-documents access. The tool enables a person to access an e-document through an informal camera capture of a document hardcopy. It can save people from remembering/exploring numerous directories and file names, or even going through many pages/paragraphs in one document. It can also facilitate people's manipulation of a document or people's interactions through documents. Additionally, the algorithm is useful for binding multimedia data to language independent paper documents. Our document recognition algorithm is inspired by the widely known SIFT descriptor [4] but can be computed much more efficiently for both descriptor construction and search. It also uses much less storage space than the SIFT approach. By testing our algorithm with randomly scaled and rotated document pages, we can achieve a 99.73% page recognition rate on the 2188-page ICME06 proceedings and 99.9% page recognition rate on a 504-page Japanese math book [2].
The measurement of cisplatin-DNA adduct levels in testicular cancer patients (1988)

Seventeen patients with 'poor prognosis' non-seminomatous testicular cancer were monitored for formation of intrastrand bidentate N7-d(ApG)- and N7-d(GpG)-diammineplatinum adducts in peripheral blood cell DNA during the course of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Adduct values from blood cell DNA samples were compared with disease response data from the same individuals. Patients who received a dose of 40 mg/m2 cisplatin for 5 days generally formed more adducts than patients receiving 20 mg/m2 for 5 days, and adduct levels ranged from 0 to approximately 300 amol/micrograms DNA. Among the individuals who achieved a complete response, the median adduct level was 170 amol/micrograms DNA and the mean was 162. Among the individuals who achieved a partial response, the median adduct level was 78 amol/micrograms DNA and the mean was 83. Comparison of adduct levels between response groups using the Mann-Whitney test gave a two-sided P value of 0.072 (one-sided P value 0.036). Of 11 patients forming high levels of adduct (greater than 140 amol/micrograms DNA), 10 achieved a complete response; this compares with two complete responders in the group of six patients forming low levels (less than 100 amol/micrograms DNA) of adduct (P = 0.055, two-sided Fisher exact test). We conclude that cisplatin-DNA adduct formation in peripheral blood cell DNA correlates with the occurrence of complete response in patients with poor prognosis testicular cancer.
Deletion mapping on the short arm of chromosome 3 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. (1992)

We examined loss of heterozygosity in 49 adenocarcinomas and 18 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung with 19 RFLP markers on the short arm of chromosome 3. Although no interstitial deletions were observed in any squamous cell carcinomas, interstitial or partial deletions were detected in 23 adenocarcinomas. Identification of two common regions of deletion in adenocarcinomas, at 3p21.3 and 3p14.1-21.1, suggested the presence of at least two tumor suppressor genes on 3p within the same regions commonly deleted in renal cell carcinomas. Correlation between the frequency of loss of heterozygosity on 3p and histopathological grade of adenocarcinoma also was observed. These results imply an etiological difference between two major types of non-small cell lung cancers, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
The KNOTTIN website and database: a new information system dedicated to the knottin scaffold (2003)

The KNOTTIN website and database organize information about knottins or inhibitor cystine knots, small disulfide-rich proteins with a knotted topology. Thanks to their small size and high stability, knottins provide appealing scaffolds for protein engineering and drug design. Static pages present the main historical and recent results about knottin discoveries, sequences, structures, folding, functions, applications and bibliography. Database searches provide dynamically generated tabular reports or sequence alignments for knottin three-dimensional structures or sequences. BLAST/HMM searches are also available. A simple nomenclature, based on loop lengths between cysteines, is proposed and is complemented by a uniform numbering scheme. This standardization is applied to all knottin structures in the database, facilitating comparisons. Renumbered and structurally fitted knottin PDB files are available for download. The standardized numbering is used for automatic drawing of two-dimensional Colliers de Perles. The KNOTTIN website and database are available at http://knottin.cbs.cnrs.fr and http://knottin.com.
Influence of Growth Conditions on Plasmid DNA Production (2009)

The obtention of high yields of purified plasmid DNA is viewed as an essential issue to be considered towards efficient production of DNA vaccines and therapeutic plasmids. In this work, Escherichia coli DH5alpha bearing the pVAX1-LacZ plasmid was grown in a developed semi-defined medium at different temperatures and tryptone concentrations. Analysis of pDNA yields and E. coli morphology revealed that at higher temperatures (37 and 40 degrees C), higher specific yields and E. coli filamentation were obtained. However, the best results were achieved when a lower tryptone concentration was used. This approach was shown to be a powerful tool to promote plasmid amplification, keeping the desirable plasmid structure, and favoring the attainment of quality. Our results suggest that by using tryptone alone as an amino acid source, pDNA amplification was improved and a specific yield of 20.43 mg pDNA/g dcw was achieved, proving that this strategy can improve pDNA yield even at a small scale.
Improvement on the diagonal routing model (1994)

The authors study a new channel routing model, called the diamond model (DDM), whose grid is composed of right tracks with slope +60 degrees and left tracks with slope -60 degrees on two layers. We show that any two-terminal (multiterminal) channel routing problem (CRP) can be solved in a channel of width less than 4d (9d) with all vias at a distance no less than one. This result is important both from a theoretical and from a practical point of view. It improves the result obtained by Lodi et al. (Technical Report TR-22/91, University of Pisa, 1991).
Activating Mutations of the Stimulatory G Protein in Juvenile Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors: A New Prognostic Factor? (2006)

Activating mutations of Galphas are present in 30% of juvenile OGCTs. The gsp oncogene, which is known to be implicated in cell proliferation and tumoral invasiveness, can be considered as a new prognostic factor of these tumors.
Optical characteristics of 0.1 μm circular apertures in a metal film as light sources for scanning ultramicroscopy (1985)

A 0.12 μm aperture in a metal film supported by a glass slide is used to define a submicroscopic source of light for a demonstration of scanning ultramicroscopy in the reflection mode. The aperture is viewed through a microscope in dark field illumination by a totally reflected beam (λ=633 nm). When an interface is brought in proximity to the aperture, the light emission from the aperture is quenched to an extent which depends on the nature of the interface and the polarization of the incident beam. With a 1 μm wide hole in a thin dielectric or metal film as test object, an edge resolution of 0.1 μm is obtained only with scans perpendicular to the direction of the irradiating beam.
Development of Aliphatic Alcohols as Nucleophiles for Palladium-Catalyzed DYKAT Reactions:  Total Synthesis of (+)-Hippospongic Acid A (2005)

The ability to use aliphatic alcohols as competent nucleophiles in the palladium-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of Baylis-Hillman adducts is explored. High yield and enantioselectivity is obtained for both the kinetic transformation and dynamic kinetic transformation. The absolute stereochemistry of the products is used to explore the reactive conformation of 2-substituted pi-allyl complexes with DPPBA-based chiral ligands. The utility of this method is further demonstrated in the context of a concise total synthesis of the gastrulation inhibitor (+)-hippospongic acid A. The synthesis features three palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions to introduce three different bond types: C-S, C-H, and C-O.
Prostaglandin H synthases, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and colon cancer (1997)

Members of the structurally diverse class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have the ability to prevent or reduce the occurrence of colorectal, certain other gastrointestinal, and perhaps other cancers. The anticarcinogenic property of NSAIDs has been shown in epidemiological studies with humans and in experimental carcinogenesis studies with animals. In addition, clinical studies of the human disease familial adenomatous polyposis have demonstrated the efficacy of NSAIDs in mediating regression of colorectal adenomas. The mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect of these drugs is not known, but most hypotheses have involved the common property of the NSAIDs to inhibit prostaglandin synthase (PHS) enzymes and thereby cause a subsequent reduction in levels of prostaglandins (PG) in tissue. Recent reports have questioned the role of PHS inhibition in the anticarcinogenic activity of NSAIDs by showing that some NSAID-related compounds that are not PHS inhibitors can induce the same anticarcinogenic changes in cell cycle and apoptotic response as the PHS inhibitors. In this review we will examine the evidence that NSAIDs are anticarcinogenic, the evidence supporting PHS as the target of NSAIDs, and the evidence for and against inhibition of PG synthesis as the mechanism of cancer prevention by NSAIDs.
FGFR1 and HER1 or HER2 co‑amplification in breast cancer indicate poor prognosis (2018)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 or 2 (HER1/2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling serve critical roles in the progression of breast cancer; however, cross-talk between HER1/2 and FGFR1 signaling has not been extensively studied. In the present study, the copy number variation status of <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>HER1</i>/<i>2</i>, and the clinical implications and prognostic relevance of this, were evaluated in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) tissue samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization were used to assess gene copy number variation in IDC samples, and the clinical characteristics and survival curves of patients with IDC were analyzed. The amplification of <i>FGFR1</i> was identified in 16.0% of the samples (12 of 75), of <i>HER1</i> in 26.7% (20 of 75), of <i>HER2</i> in 37.3% (28 of 75), and of <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>HER1</i>/<i>2</i> simultaneously in 8.0% (6 of 75). <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>HER1</i>/<i>2</i> co-amplification were significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P=0.035), recurrence (P=0.026) and decreased disease-free survival time (P=0.042). This was the case for patients undergoing endocrine therapy (P=0.002) and chemotherapy (P=0.044). Taken together, the results indicate that patients with <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>HER1/2</i> co-amplification may exhibit a less favorable prognosis compared with patients with either <i>FGFR1, HER1/2</i> amplification or without amplification.
ChemInform Abstract: Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: Biosynthesis, Structure and Function (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.