gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopic visualization of tRNA genes with ferritin-avidin: biotin labels (1978)

A method is described for indirect electron microscopic visualization and mapping of tRNA and other short transcripts hybridized to DNA. This method depends upon the attachment of the electron-dense protein ferritin to the RNA, the binding being mediated by the remarkably strong association of the egg white protein avidin with biotin. Biotin is covalently attached to the 3' end of tRNA using an NH2(CH2)5NH2 bridge. The tRNA-biotin adduct is hybridized to complementary DNA sequences present in a single stranded non-homology loop of a DNA:DNA heteroduplex. Avidin, covalently crosslinked to ferritin, is mixed with the heteroduplex and becomes bound to the hybridized tRNA-biotin. Observation of the DNA:RNA-biotin:avidin-ferritin complex by electron microscopy specifically and accurately reveals the position of the tRNA gene, with a frequency of labeling of approximately 50%.
Supramolecular Cross-Linked Networks via Host−Guest Complexation with Cucurbit[8]uril (2010)

The ability to finely tune the solution viscosity of an aqueous system is critical in many applications ranging from large-scale fluid-based industrial processes to free-standing hydrogels important in regenerative medicine, controlled drug delivery, and 'green' self-healing materials. Herein we demonstrate the use of the macrocyclic host molecule cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) to facilitate reversible cross-linking of multivalent copolymers with high binding constants (K(a) > 10(11)-10(12) M(-2)) leading to a supramolecular hydrogel. Multivalent copolymers were prepared by free radical polymerization techniques and contained either pendant methyl viologen (a good first guest for CB[8]) or naphthoxy derivatives (good second guests for CB[8]). A colorless solution of the two multivalent copolymers bearing first and second guests, respectively, can be transformed into a highly viscous, colored supramolecular hydrogel with the cross-link density being easily controlled through CB[8] addition. Moreover, the cross-links (1:1:1 supramolecular ternary complexes of CB[8]/viologen/naphthoxy) are dynamic and stimuli-responsive, and the material properties can be modulated by temperature or other external stimuli. Rheological characterization of the bulk material properties of these dynamically cross-linked networks provided insight into the kinetics of CB[8] ternary complexation responsible for elastically active cross-linking with a second guest dissociation rate constant (k(d)) of 1200 s(-1) for the ternary complex. These materials exhibited intermediate mechanical properties at 5 wt % in water (plateau modulus = 350-600 Pa and zero-shear viscosity = 5-55 Pa·s), which is complementary to existing supramolecular hydrogels. Additionally, these supramolecular hydrogels exhibited thermal reversibility and subsequent facile modulation of microstructure upon further addition of CB[8] and thermal treatment. The fundamental knowledge gained from the study of these dynamic materials will facilitate progress in the field of smart, self-healing materials, self-assembled hydrogels, and controlled solution viscosity.
A fast super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for pure translational motion and common space-invariant blur (2002)

Super-resolution reconstruction deals with the recovery of a single high-resolution image from a set of warped, blurred and decimated versions of it. Several algorithms were already proposed for the solution of this general problem. We concentrate on a special case where the warps are pure translations, the blur is space invariant and the same for all the images, and the noise is white. We exploit previous results to develop a new highly efficient super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for this case, which separates the treatment to de-blurring and measurements fusion. The fusion part is shown to be a non-iterative and very simple algorithm, preserving the optimality of the entire reconstruction process, in the maximum-likelihood sense. Simulations demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm.
Body Mass Index, Weight, and Oral Contraceptive Failure Risk (2005)

Our results suggest that being overweight may increase the risk of becoming pregnant while using OCs. If causal, this association translates to an additional 2-4 pregnancies per 100 woman-years of use among overweight women, for whom consideration of additional or effective alternative contraceptive methods may be warranted.
Aortie valve area evolution after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty (1990)

The aortic valve area was serially evaluated in 45 patients, mean age 78 years, suffering from severe aortic stenosis who underwent percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty. The aortic valve area was calculated from haemodynamic data prior to and immediately after the procedure using the mean gradient. Serial determinations of the aortic valve area were also obtained 1 day before, 1 day after and 2 months after valvuloplasty from the thermodilution cardiac output and Doppler echocardiography mean left ventricle-to-aorta gradient. The mean gradient significantly decreased from 75 +/- 24 to 42 +/- 16 mmHg (P less than 0.01) when measured from haemodynamic data and from 63 +/- 20 to 41 +/- 13 mmHg (P less than 0.01) when estimated from Doppler-derived data. It rose to 48 +/- 15 mmHg at 2 months (NS). The aortic valve area increased significantly from 0.48 +/- 0.13 to 0.67 +/- 0.29 cm2 (P less than 0.01) when calculated from haemodynamic data, and from 0.53 +/- 0.18 to 0.74 +/- 0.23 cm2 (P less than 0.01) when estimated from Doppler-derived data. It declined to 0.69 +/- 0.27 cm2 at 2 months (NS). Aortic valve area values determined from haemodynamic data and from Doppler-derived data correlated well before valvuloplasty (r = 0.80, P less than 0.01) but poorly afterwards (r = 0.57, P less than 0.01). The aortic valve area was not influenced by valvuloplasty in eight patients. At 2 months, restenosis was apparent in eight patients out of 32 that were re-evaluated. Three patients died within 5 days of the procedure. After an average 12 months' follow-up, eight more patients died. Symptoms were not influenced or recurred in 17 patients, while 17 others remained improved by at least one NYHA functional class. Seven patients were operated on, and there was one operative death. The calculated aortic valve area was significantly greater at the end of the procedure in the patients with persistent improvement compared with those with a poor result (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm2 vs 0.65 +/- 0.14 cm2, P less than 0.05). In conclusion, in this study one third of the patients submitted to percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty had no objective improvement in calculated valve area or early restenosis after 2 months. Functional improvement was observed in one third of the patients. Immediate re-estimation of the aortic valve area from haemodynamic data at the end of the procedure may not reflect the actual effect of valvuloplasty on the aortic orifice.
Grasping intentions: from thought experiments to empirical evidence (2012)

Skepticism has been expressed concerning the possibility to understand others' intentions by simply observing their movements: since a number of different intentions may have produced a particular action, motor information-it has been argued-might be sufficient to understand what an agent is doing, but not her remote goal in performing that action. Here we challenge this conclusion by showing that in the absence of contextual information, intentions can be inferred from body movement. Based on recent empirical findings, we shall contend that: (1) intentions translate into differential kinematic patterns; (2) observers are especially attuned to kinematic information and can use early differences in visual kinematics to anticipate the intention of an agent in performing a given action; (3) during interacting activities, predictions about the future course of others' actions tune online action planning; (4) motor activation during action observation subtends a complementary understanding of what the other is doing. These findings demonstrate that intention understanding is deeply rooted in social interaction: by simply observing others' movements, we might know what they have in mind to do and how we should act in response.
Dry Cucurbitacin-containing Baits for Controlling Diabroticite Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1987)

Dry ground baits impregnated with insecticide and containing cucurbitacins as arrestants and feeding stimulants are effective in controlling adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and southern corn rootworms, Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi Barber. Bait effectiveness was proportional to the concentration of cucurbitacins, but differences between different bitter cucurbit sources were negligible. Carbamate insecticides, particularly methomyl, were generally judged superior for bait efficacy compared with organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides. Addition of eugenol to the dried cucurbitacin bait increased response of D. u. howardi adults to the bait by ca. 4-fold, but had no effect on response of D. v. virgifera. Initial studies suggest that substantial reductions in adult corn rootworm populations may be obtained with broadcast applications of baits containing ca. 0.1% cucurbitacins and 0.1% insecticide applied at 11–33 kg/ha in corn or cucurbits.
Heparan Sulfate Chains from Glypican and Syndecans Bind the Hep II Domain of Fibronectin Similarly Despite Minor Structural Differences (2000)

Numerous functions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans are mediated through interactions between their heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains and extracellular ligands. Ligand binding specificity for some molecules, including many growth factors, is determined by complex heparan sulfate fine structure, where highly sulfated, iduronate-rich domains alternate with N-acetylated domains. Syndecan-4, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has a distinct role in cell adhesion, suggesting its chains may differ from those of other cell surface proteoglycans. To determine whether the specific role of syndecan-4 correlates with a distinct heparan sulfate structure, we have analyzed heparan sulfate chains from the different surface proteoglycans of a single fibroblast strain and compared their ability to bind the Hep II domain of fibronectin, a ligand known to promote focal adhesion formation through syndecan-4. Despite distinct molecular masses of glypican and syndecan glycosaminoglycans and minor differences in disaccharide composition and sulfation pattern, the overall proportion and distribution of sulfated regions and the affinity for the Hep II domain were similar. Therefore, adhesion regulation requires core protein determinants of syndecan-4.
U.S. Department of Defense Security Options for the Internet Protocol (1991)

This option is used by end systems and intermediate systems of an internet to: a. Transmit from source to destination in a network standard representation the common security labels required by computer security models, b. Validate the datagram as appropriate for transmission from the source and delivery to the destination, c. Ensure that the route taken by the datagram is protected to the level required by all protection authorities indicated on the datagram. In order to provide this facility in a general Internet environment, interior and exterior gateway protocols must be augmented to include security label information in support of routing control.
Adhesion and Surface Issues in Cellulose and Nanocellulose (2008)

Abstract This paper provides a review of the scientific literature concerned with adhesion and surface properties of cellulose and nanocellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant chemical compound on earth and its natural affinity for self-adhesion has long been recognized. The ease of adhesion that occurs in cellulose has contributed to its use in paper and other fiber-based composite materials. Cellulose adhesion, which has received considerable attention over the past half century, occurs over a practical length scale ranging from the nanoscale to millimeters. Adhesion theories that have been examined in the bonding of cellulose fibers include: mechanical interlocking, adsorption or wetting theory, diffusion theory, and the theory of weak boundary layers. Cellulose fibers on the nanoscale are prepared in four different ways: (1) bacterial cellulose nanofibers, (2) cellulose nanofibers by electrospinning, (3) microfibrillated cellulose plant cell fibers and (4) nanorods or cellulose whiskers. Structure and properties of nanocellulose that are important include: morphology, crystalline structure, surface properties, chemical and physical properties, and properties in liquid suspension. Cellulosic nanofibers present a very high surface area which makes the adhesion properties the most important parameter to control for nanocomposite applications. In this paper, we will focus on discussion of the adhesion and surface characteristics of cellulose nanofibers that impact its properties and application in nanomaterials. Keywords: NANOTECHNOLOGYCELLULOSENANOCELLULOSEWHISKERSADHESIONBACTERIAL CELLULOSE
Two-dimensional array transducers using hybrid connection technology (2003)

A new electrical connection technique for 2-D array transducers is reported. It consists of 16*16=256 PZT 5H elements operating at 2.5 MHz fabricated by hand wiring. The connection technique employs a multilayer ceramic (MLC) connector (thick-film hybrid microelectronic technology) consisting of 20 thick films of alumina and screen printed metallization with customized interconnections between the layers called vias. Ten ground layers are interleaved between ten signal layers to reduce electrical cross-talk. A lambda /4 mismatching layer of conductive epoxy is bonded between each PZT element and the silver metal pad of the MLC connector to provide a low impedance backing. Vector impedance, sensitivity, and bandwidth are all in good agreement between conventional fabrication and the MLC connector. Interelement cross-talk is improved by 10 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of intravenous calcitonin gene related peptide on ischaemia threshold and coronary stenosis severity in humans (1993)

Intravenous CGRP is a systemic arterial vasodilator which dilates coronary arteries at the site of atheromatous stenoses and delays the onset of myocardial ischaemia during treadmill exercise testing in patients with chronic stable angina.
Manufacturing and design issues for thin silicon solar cells manufactured on FZ(B), MCZ(B), CZ(Ga) and CZ(B) wafers (2005)

There is a desire within the monocrystalline silicon solar cell industry to reduce manufacturing costs and to improve cell performance. One approach to achieving this desire is to reduce wafer thickness and to use higher lifetime wafers, for example FZ(B), MCZ(B) and CZ(Ga). In this paper the manufacturing and design issues critical to the success of this approach are investigated through the analysis of double-sided buried contact solar cells fabricated on thin and thick commercial silicon wafers. These devices were fabricated on five commercially available wafer types - FZ(B), MCZ(B), CZ(Ga) and two different CZ(B) - at two wafer thicknesses, 150 mm and 245 mm. Analysis of the results highlight the importance of both design related issues (e.g. light trapping), and manufacturing related issues (e.g. process-induced defects) to the successful manufacture of commercial high-efficiency silicon solar cells.
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can potentiate IL-5 signaling (2001)

IL-5 is a major determinant in the survival, differentiation and effector-functions of eosinophils. It mediates its effect upon binding and activation of a membrane bound receptor (R), composed of a ligand-specific alpha-chain and a beta-chain, shared with the receptors for IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We have generated and mapped the epitopes of three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against this cytokine: the strong neutralizing mAb 5A5 and 1E1, and the very weak neutralizing mAb H30. We found that H30 as well as 5A5 can increase proliferation above the level induced by human (h)IL-5 alone, in a JAK-2-dependent manner, and at every sub-optimal hIL-5 concentration analyzed. This effect is dependent on mAb-mediated cross-linking of IL-5R complexes, and is only observed on cell lines expressing a hybrid human/mouse IL-5Ralpha-chain. We discuss these findings in view of the stoichiometric and topological requirements for an activated IL-5R. Since humanized anti-IL-5 mAb are currently in clinical testing, our findings imply that such mAb should be carefully evaluated for their potentiating effects.
Modulation by vitamin B6 of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression requires transcription factors in addition to the glucocorticoid receptor. (1993)

We have investigated the mechanism by which vitamin B6 acts to modulate steroid hormone-mediated gene expression. We show that the level of glucocorticoid-induced gene expression from simple promoters, containing only hormone response elements and a TATA sequence, was not affected by alterations in intracellular vitamin B6 concentration. However, modulation of hormone-induced gene expression was restored with the inclusion of a binding site for the transcription factor nuclear factor 1 (NF1) within the hormone-responsive promoter; glucocorticoid-induced gene expression was reduced by 44% under conditions of elevated intracellular vitamin B6 concentration and enhanced by 98% in mild vitamin deficiency. Under these conditions, neither glucocorticoid receptor sedimentation characteristics, receptor activation, nor DNA binding capacity was affected. Quantitatively analogous effects were detected with estrogen-induced gene expression when an NF1 binding site was removed from or introduced into an estrogen-responsive promoter. NF1-mediated constitutive transcription was not affected by alterations in vitamin concentration. The modulatory effect of vitamin did not require strict positioning of or spacing between the glucocorticoid response element and NF1 binding site. Moreover, a heterologous transcriptional activator, composed of the viral E1a transactivation domain and the GAL4 DNA binding domain, does not substitute for NF1 in restoring vitamin B6 modulation of hormone-induced gene expression. These results suggest that vitamin B6 modulates steroid hormone-mediated gene expression through its influence on a functional or cooperative interaction between steroid hormone receptors and the transcription factor NF1.
RANGE–Robust autonomous navigation in GPS‐denied environments (2011)

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of autonomous navigation of a micro air vehicle (MAV) in GPS‐denied environments. We present experimental validation and analysis for our system that enables a quadrotor helicopter, equipped with a laser range finder sensor, to autonomously explore and map unstructured and unknown environments. The key challenge for enabling GPS‐denied flight of a MAV is that the system must be able to estimate its position and velocity by sensing unknown environmental structure with sufficient accuracy and low enough latency to stably control the vehicle. Our solution overcomes this challenge in the face of MAV payload limitations imposed on sensing, computational, and communication resources. We first analyze the requirements to achieve fully autonomous quadrotor helicopter flight in GPS‐denied areas, highlighting the differences between ground and air robots that make it difficult to use algorithms developed for ground robots. We report on experiments that validate our solutions to key challenges, namely a multilevel sensing and control hierarchy that incorporates a high‐speed laser scan‐matching algorithm, data fusion filter, high‐level simultaneous localization and mapping, and a goal‐directed exploration module. These experiments illustrate the quadrotor helicopter's ability to accurately and autonomously navigate in a number of large‐scale unknown environments, both indoors and in the urban canyon. The system was further validated in the field by our winning entry in the 2009 International Aerial Robotics Competition, which required the quadrotor to autonomously enter a hazardous unknown environment through a window, explore the indoor structure without GPS, and search for a visual target. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma. (1994)

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN) are closely related tumors, and it can be difficult to distinguish them from other small-round-cell tumors (SRCTs). The glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 is highly, but not exclusively, expressed in both ES and PN. Although the monoclonal antibody (Mab) HBA71, which reacts with P30/32MIC2, has been reported to be relatively specific and highly sensitive for both neoplasms, it is not readily available. Yet, Mab O13 is commercially available, and it purportedly displays the same immunostaining characteristics as HBA71. Because O13 has not been studied extensively, we immunostained 21 ES/PNs and 147 other tumors or lesions that might show SRCT-like features with O13. The results were similar to those reported for HBA71. We found O13 to be 100% sensitive for ES/PN; and, no immunostaining was noted on the SRCTs often included in the differential diagnosis of ES/PN (i.e., conventional neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and non-lymphoblastic lymphomas). But, O13 immunoreacted with lymphoblastic lymphomas and some other tumors and normal tissues. Nonetheless, this nonspecific reactivity should not cause diagnostic problems, if an antibody panel containing anti-desmin and anti-leukocyte common antigen is used in conjunction with O13. We conclude that, within the proper diagnostic context, strong immunoreactivity of a SRCT tumor for O13 should be considered good evidence that the tumor is ES/PN.
Individuals with mutations in XPNPEP3, which encodes a mitochondrial protein, develop a nephronophthisis-like nephropathy (2010)

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Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. (2000)

Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) control the binge urges in binge-eating disorder, but more trials are required to investigate the utility of SSRIs and other agents in maintenance treatment. We review the current status of psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder and evaluate the merits of newer agents in the treatment of these disorders.