gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myogenic Vector Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor I Stimulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Myofiber Hypertrophy in Transgenic Mice (1995)

The avian skeletal alpha-actin gene was used as a template for construction of a myogenic expression vector that was utilized to direct expression of a human IGF-I cDNA in cultured muscle cells and in striated muscle of transgenic mice. The proximal promoter region, together with the first intron and 1.8 kilobases of 3'-noncoding flanking sequence of the avian skeletal alpha-actin gene directed high level expression of human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in stably transfected C2C12 myoblasts and transgenic mice. Expression of the actin/IGF-I hybrid gene in C2C12 muscle cells increased levels of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix factor and contractile protein mRNAs and enhanced myotube formation. Expression of the actin/IGF-I hybrid gene in mice elevated IGF-I concentrations in skeletal muscle 47-fold resulting in myofiber hypertrophy. IGF-I concentrations in serum and body weight were not increased by transgene expression, suggesting that the effects of transgene expression were localized. These results indicate that sustained overexpression of IGF-I in skeletal muscle elicits myofiber hypertrophy and provides the basis for manipulation of muscle physiology utilizing skeletal alpha-actin-based vectors.
Isolation and expression of an altered mouse dihydrofolate reductase cDNA. (1983)

We have constructed a cDNA library from a murine cell line expressing high levels of a dihydrofolate reductase (tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) that displays an abnormally low affinity for methotrexate. From this library we have isolated a cDNA clone similar to, but distinguishable from, a cDNA clone previously demonstrated to encode the wild-type enzyme. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this cDNA clone allows us to predict that the altered dihydrofolate reductase differs from the wild-type enzyme at a single amino acid, reflecting the substitution of an arginine for a leucine residue in a region of the polypeptide thought to form a hydrophobic pocket essential for inhibitor binding. To confirm that this substitution was responsible for the altered properties of the enzyme, we genetically localized the region of the cDNA that specified resistance to methotrexate by in vitro recombination. These results reveal that a single nucleotide change in the codon specifying amino acid 22 of the enzyme was sufficient to alter the methotrexate sensitivity of the enzyme. We demonstrate that this altered gene can be employed as a dominant selectable marker in cultured cells expressing normal levels of wild-type dihydrofolate reductase.
The Importance of Perovskite Pore Filling in Organometal Mixed Halide Sensitized TiO2-Based Solar Cells (2014)

Emerging from the field of dye-sensitized solar cells, organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells have recently attracted considerable attention. In these devices, the perovskite light absorbers can also be used as charge transporting materials, changing the requirements for efficient device architectures. The perovskite deposition can vary from merely sensitizing the TiO2 electron transporting scaffold as an endowment of small nanoparticles, to completely filling the pores where it acts as both light absorber and hole transporting material in one. By decreasing the TiO2 scaffold layer thickness, we change the solar cell architecture from perovskite-sensitized to completely perovskite-filled. We find that the latter case leads to improvements in device performance because higher electron densities can be sustained in the TiO2, improving electron transport rates and photovoltage. Importantly, the primary recombination pathway between the TiO2 and the hole transporting material is blocked by the perovskite itself. This understanding helps to rationalize the high voltages attainable on mesoporous TiO2-based perovskite solar cells.
Studies of liquid surfaces by second harmonic generation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of liquid surfaces by second harmonic generationJ. M. Hicks, K. Kemnitz, K. B. Eisenthal, and T. F. HeinzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 4, 560–562Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100276a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100276a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Trypanosoma cruzi cDNA encodes a tandemly repeated domain structure characteristic of small stress proteins and glutathione S‐transferases (1994)

The isolation, characterization, and expression of a novel cDNA encoding a Trypanosoma cruzi polypeptide (TcAc2), homologous to various small stress proteins and glutathione S-transferases, are described. The deduced amino-acid sequence revealed two domains sharing 27% identity and an additional 27% similarity to each other suggesting that the molecule may have evolved from a single domain by a process of gene duplication and fusion. The TcAc2 cDNA was subcloned into the pGEX-2T vector for expression in E coli. In vitro translation products of epimastigote mRNA, immunoprecipitated with anti-TXepi serum, showed a major radioactive band of 52 kDa. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine labelled epimastigote and trypomastigote antigens after pulse chase experiments, using anti-TcAc2 fusion protein antibodies, showed that the protein is released into the culture medium. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed a single band of 52 kDa with epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote antigens. Primary structure homology searches revealed that each TcAc2 domain contained within its N-terminus significant homology to Solanum tuberosum pathogenesis-related protein PR1, soybean heat shock protein 26-A, auxin regulated clone pCNT103 from Nicotiana tabacum and Drosophila melanogaster glutathione S-transferase 27 (GST27). This finding was supported by a comparison of hydrophobicity profiles of TcAc2 and these proteins. Most of them play a central role in protection mechanisms against stress. Based on the homology between TcAc2, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and small stress proteins, it is likely that the TcAc2 gene product may play a crucial role in parasite's adaptation to its microenvironment. These molecules could be considered as members of the GST superfamily, where the T cruzi protein may take a particular place because of its internal gene duplication.
Isolation of a heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan from basement membrane. (1980)

We have isolated a unique, basement membrane proteoglycan from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma. This proteoglycan, estimated to be 0.75 X 10(6) daltons, was found to contain about equal amounts of protein and covalently linked heparan sulfate. Antibody prepared against this proteoglycan reacts with the basement membrane matrix in the tumor and with the basement membranes in skin, kidney, and cornea. These studies indicate that the heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a normal constituent of basement membranes that presumably plays an important role in the organization of basement membrane components and that also may determine the permeability of basement membranes to acidic molecules.
High-Sulphur Proteins From a-Keratins ll. Isolation and Partial Characterization of Purified Components From Mouse Hair (1976)

The present paper continues the study of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated high-sulphur proteins from mouse hair. Fractions have been obtained in a substantially purified form by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate at pH 6, followed by ion exchange chromatography on cellulose phosphate at pH 2.6. Approximately 80% by weight of the high-sulphur proteins fall into the ultra-high-sulphur category (carboxymethylcysteine content greater than 26 residues per 100 residues), and they cover a molecular weight range of 17000-28000. The components show a remarkable diversity in amino acid composition; for example the contents of arginine and glycine each vary by about 3:1. The remainder of the proteins contain 17-20 residues per 100 residues of carboxymethylcysteine, are smaller in size (molecular weight 11500), and also show great diversity in overall amino acid composition. Molecular weights were determined by chromatography on controlled-pore glass and confirmed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose 6B. A comparison of the results suggests that the values obtained should be reliable to within 10%.
What's going on in indexing? (1997)

Thus far, the 1990s have been a busy decade for indexing. There has been a flurry of publishing activity; that is, if you consider the appearance of two major books a flurry! The publication oflndexingBooks (Mulvany, 1994a) and Indexing from A to Z (WeUisch, 1996) filled a gap left by the now outof-print book, Indexing, The Art of These two books are the core resources for information about indexing methods and techniques, editing indexes, formatting indexes, indexing standards, and typical publishers' style guides for indexes.
Functional diversity of inhibitors tackling the differentiation blockage of MLL-rearranged leukemia (2019)

Our findings show substantial diversity in the molecular activities of those inhibitors and provide valuable insights into the further developmental potential as single agents or in combinations in MLL-fused leukemia.
Adaptive demodulation using rateless erasure codes (2006)

We introduce a rate-adaptive system in which the receiver demodulates only those bits that have a high probability of being correct, treating nondemodulated bits as erasures. Several sets of decision regions, derived using composite hypothesis testing, are proposed for 16-QAM and 16-phase-shift keying, which allow for the simple implementation of this demodulation strategy. We demonstrate that pre-encoding the data with a Raptor code allows for simple reconstruction of the message, regardless of the erasure pattern introduced from the nondemodulated bits. We prove the optimality of the proposed decision regions in selecting the most likely subset of bits from any received symbol in moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratios, and we analyze the performance of demodulating with these decision regions over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. Also demonstrated is the strong performance of 16-QAM for this application, compared with other power-efficient constellations and the near-optimality of using Gray mapping, even under the proposed alternate sets of decision regions.
Effect of propylthiouracil on the ethanol-induced increase in liver oxygen consumption in awake rats (1993)

It has been postulated that the beneficial effects of the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease depend primarily on the action of propylthiouracil in suppressing the increase in hepatic oxygen consumption induced by ethanol. The evidence for this effect of propylthiouracil is derived from studies in which liver oxygen consumption has been determined in in vitro preparations. In our study the effects of ethanol and propylthiouracil on liver oxygen consumption were assessed in vivo in an unrestrained and unanesthetized rat model, where liver blood flow and hepatic vein and portal vein oxygen content can be measured. Data show that the liver oxygen consumption increased in rats treated with ethanol-containing liquid diets for 4 to 6 wk, both on withdrawal of alcohol (30%, p < 0.01), and after readministration of ethanol (50%, p < 0.01). Single-dose ethanol administration increased portal tributary blood flow without affecting hepatic arterial blood flow in both controls and rats withdrawn from long-term ethanol treatment. Long-term ethanol administration per se had no effect on portal tributary blood flow; however, hepatic arterial blood flow was increased by 38% (p < 0.01). Treatment with propylthiouracil for 5 days resulted in complete suppression of the increase in liver oxygen consumption induced by long-term ethanol administration. Propylthiouracil treatment also attenuated the increase in portal tributary blood flow after the administration of a single dose of ethanol. These determinations were made 24 hr after the last dose of propylthiouracil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Invasiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines: Contribution of Hepatocyte Growth Factor, c-met, and Transcription Factor Ets-1 (2001)

To understand the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression of c-met and Ets-1, and the effect of HGF on these cell's motility and invasion ability were examined in four hepatoma cell lines. The analysis revealed that the overexpression of c-met and Ets-1 is closely connected with the motility and invasion ability of the HCC cell lines. Invasion activity of HepG2 and HLE cells were enhanced by the addition of HGF to medium. HGF regulated c-met transcription in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, HGF also induced Ets-1 transcription in Bel-7402 cell. Bel-7402 cells stably transduced with the human Ets-1 gene showed significantly increased invasion potentials compared to parental and mock-transfected cells. The expression level of c-met, MMP1, MMP9, and u-PA in Bel-7402 cells transfected with Ets-1 were markedly increased, and as a consequence of c-met expression increase. Bel-7402 cells transfected with Ets-1 were more responsive to exogenous HGF stimulation in invasiveness and motility ability. In addition, conditioned by antisense Ets-1 oligonucleotide-treat-Bel-7402 cells transfected with Ets-1 gene and HLE hepatoma cells showed markedly reduced invasion activity, and down-regulated the transcription of Ets-1, c-met, u-PA, MMP-1, and MMP-9. These results strongly suggest that Ets-1 has a crucial role in the invasive property in hepatoma cell lines, and there may exist a loop to enhance the invasive ability of hepatoma cell lines.
Sildenafil and Diastolic Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial: Rationale and Design (2013)

In addition to determining if sildenafil can reduce filling pressure at rest and at peak exercise, the Sildenafil and Diastolic Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction trial will provide additional hemodynamic information to help phenotypically classify this growing population of patients with diastolic dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction following myocardial infarction.
The production and functional morphology of helminth egg-shells (1983)

The high energy costs of egg-shell production in many helminths suggests that this structure plays an important role in their biology. The mechanical and chemical resistance of the egg-shell and the barrier it provides to the entry and loss of material are important in the survival of the free-living stages within the egg. The presence of egg filaments may increase the availability of infective stages and the operculum may be important in the infective process.
A novel pattern based clustering methodology for time-series microarray data (2007)

Identification of co-expressed genes sharing similar biological behaviours is an essential step in functional genomics. Traditional clustering techniques are generally based on overall similarity of expression levels and often generate clusters with mixed profile patterns. A novel pattern recognition method for selecting co-expressed genes based on rate of change and modulation status of gene expression at each time interval is proposed in this paper. This method is capable of identifying gene clusters consisting of highly similar shapes of expression profiles and modulation patterns. Furthermore, we develop a quality index based on the semantic similarity in gene annotations to assess the likelihood of a cluster being a co-regulated group. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by applying it to the well-known yeast sporulation dataset and an in-house cancer genomics dataset.
Evaluating biological containment strategies for pollen-mediated gene flow (2010)

Several biological containment methods have been developed to reduce pollen dispersal; many of them only have a proof of concept in a model plant species. This review focuses on biological containment measures which were tested for their long-term efficiency at the greenhouse or field scale level, i.e. plastid transformation, transgene excission, cleistogamy and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Pollen-mediated gene transfer in transplastomic tobacco could occur at very low frequencies if the predominant mode of inheritance is maternal. Transgene excision from tobacco pollen can be made highly efficient by coexpression of two recombinases. For cleistogamous oilseed rape it was shown that some flowers were partially open depending on genotypes, environment and recording dates. Reports on the stability of CMS in maize and sunflower indicated that there is a high variability for different genotypes under different environmental conditions and over successive years. But for both crop types some stable lines could be selected. These data demonstrate that the biological containment methods discussed are very promising for reducing gene flow but that no single containment strategy provides 100% reduction. However, the necessary efficiency of biological containment methods depends on the level of containment required. The containment level may need to be higher for safety purposes (e.g. production of special plant-made pharmaceuticals), while much lower containment levels may already be sufficient to reach coexistence goals. It is concluded that where pollen-mediated gene flow must be prevented altogether, combinations of complementary containment systems will be required.
Synthesis and Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of New Cyclometallated Phenylimidazole Palladium(II) Compounds (2000)

Cyclometallation of 1,4,5-trimethyl-2-phenylimidazole, L, with Pd(OAc)2 gave exclusively the dinuclear anti isomer with bridging acetate ligands, 1. Subsequent treatment of 1 with sodium chloride gave the corresponding dinuclear compound with bridging chloride ligands, 2. Treatment of 2 with mono or diphosphanes led to partial or total bridge-splitting reactions, yielding mono or polynuclear compounds, 3−9, depending on the palladium/phosphane ratio and the nature of the phosphane. The structure of 7 has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 react with triphos to give the mononuclear compound, 10, in which the phosphane acts as a terdentate ligand. The crystal structure of 10 confirms the pentacoordination of the palladium(II) centre, involving a long Pd−N interaction.
The role of testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women: position statement of The North American Menopause Society (2005)

Postmenopausal women with decreased sexual desire associated with personal distress and with no other identifiable cause may be candidates for testosterone therapy. Testosterone treatment without concomitant estrogen therapy cannot be recommended because of a lack of evidence. When evaluating a woman for testosterone therapy, recommendations are to rule out causes not related to testosterone levels (eg, physical and psychosocial factors, medications) and to ensure that there is a physiologic cause for reduced testosterone levels (eg, bilateral oophorectomy). Laboratory testing of testosterone levels should be used only to monitor for supraphysiologic levels before and during therapy, not to diagnose testosterone insufficiency. Monitoring should also include subjective assessments of sexual response, desire, and satisfaction as well as evaluation for potential adverse effects. Transdermal patches and topical gels or creams are preferred over oral products because of first-pass hepatic effects documented with oral formulations. Custom-compounded products should be used with caution because the dosing may be more inconsistent than it is with government-approved products. Testosterone products formulated specifically for men have a risk of excessive dosing, although some clinicians use lower doses of these products in women. Testosterone therapy is contraindicated in women with breast or uterine cancer or in those with cardiovascular or liver disease. It should be administered at the lowest dose for the shortest time that meets treatment goals. Counseling regarding the potential risks and benefits should be provided before initiating therapy.
Antibodies against the Activated Coagulation Factor X (FXa) in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome That Interfere with the FXa Inactivation by Antithrombin (2006)

Antiphospholipid Ab have been shown to promote thrombosis and fetal loss in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Previously, we found IgG anti-thrombin Ab in some APS patients that could interfere with inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin (AT). Considering that activated coagulation factor X (FXa) is homologous to thrombin in the catalytic domains and is also regulated primarily by AT, we hypothesized that some thrombin-reactive Ab may bind to FXa and interfere with AT inactivation of FXa. To test these hypotheses, we studied reactivity of eight patient-derived monoclonal IgG antiphospholipid Ab with FXa and the presence of IgG anti-FXa Ab in APS patients and investigated the effects of FXa-reactive mAb on AT inactivation of FXa. The results revealed that six of six thrombin-reactive IgG mAb bound to FXa and that the levels of plasma IgG anti-FXa Ab in 38 APS patients were significantly higher than those in 30 normal controls (p < 0.001). When the mean plus 3 SDs of the 30 normal controls was used as the cutoff, 5 of 38 APS patients (13.2%) had IgG anti-FXa Ab. Importantly, three of six FXa-reactive mAb significantly inhibited AT inactivation of FXa. Combined, these results indicate that anti-FXa Ab may contribute to thrombosis by interfering with the anticoagulant function of AT on FXa in some APS patients.