gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensory Genes Pkd1 and Pkd2 Contribute to the Planar Polarization of Brain Ventricular Epithelium (2015)

This study identifies key molecules in the development of planar cell polarity (PCP) in the brain and prevention of hydrocephalus. Multiciliated ependymal (E) cells within the brain ventricular epithelium generate CSF flow through ciliary beating. E cells display location-specific PCP in the orientation and asymmetric positioning of their cilia. Defects in this PCP can result in hydrocephalus. Hydrodynamic forces on radial glial cells (RGCs), the embryonic progenitors of E cells, have been suggested to guide PCP. We show that the mechanosensory proteins Pkd1 and Pkd2 localize to primary cilia in RGCs, and their ablation disrupts the development of PCP in E cells. Early shear forces on RGCs may activate Pkd1 and Pkd2 in RGCs' primary cilia to properly orient E cells. This study identifies key molecules in the development of brain PCP and prevention of hydrocephalus.
Comparison of age, sex, breed, history and management in 229 horses with colic (1989)

A study, at a university in south eastern USA, aimed to determine whether age, sex, breed, management and history differed in colic cases. A detailed history was obtained for 229 horses between January 1987 and June 1988. Causes for colic determined by clinical examination, exploratory laparotomy and/or necropsy included: gastric rupture (GR, 6); ileal impaction (II, 17); small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SIO, 22); proximal enteritis (PE, 16); transient small intestinal distension (TSID, 18); large colon displacement (LCD, 52); large colon impaction (LCI, 34); colitis (8); small colon obstruction (SCO, 7); peritonitis (7); and unknown (42). Prevalence of age, sex, breed and use, type and amount of grain and roughage fed, supplement feeding, diet change within 30 days, stocking density, deworming rate and routine, and previous colic were determined in each category and compared by multiple regression and chi-square analysis (P < 0.05). The PE group included a greater proportion of horses aged five to 10 years (68.8 per cent) and stallions (37.5 per cent) than other categories. Most horses with II were under five years. Horses under one year were most prevalent in SIO (22.7 per cent) and SCO (28.6 per cent), and those of 15 years or more were most prevalent in SCO (57.1 per cent) and GR (50 per cent). Quarterhorses comprised 48.1 per cent of the LCD group and there was a high incidence of Arabians in groups with II (29.4 per cent) and TSID (27.8 per cent). Pelleted grain was associated with LCD. Prevalence of Bermuda grass hay feeding was less in PE and SCO groups, and pelleted roughage was associated with LCI. Showing and racing/training the day before colic were associated with LCD and LCI, respectively. There was no dietary association with II development and no correlation between use, amount of grain or hay fed, type of pasture, deworming or history of previous colic and various causes for colic.
DONALD D. ENGEN (1999)

SUBTITLE: THE DEATH OF ONE OF AVIATION'S MOST DEDICATED AND VALUED CITIZENS UNDERSCORES THE HUMAN SIDE OF AVIATION.
Scalable Bayesian Optimization Using Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Bayesian optimization is an effective methodology for the global optimization of functions with expensive evaluations. It relies on querying a distribution over functions defined by a relatively cheap surrogate model. An accurate model for this distribution over functions is critical to the effectiveness of the approach, and is typically fit using Gaussian processes (GPs). However, since GPs scale cubically with the number of observations, it has been challenging to handle objectives whose optimization requires many evaluations, and as such, massively parallelizing the optimization. In this work, we explore the use of neural networks as an alternative to GPs to model distributions over functions. We show that performing adaptive basis function regression with a neural network as the parametric form performs competitively with state-of-the-art GP-based approaches, but scales linearly with the number of data rather than cubically. This allows us to achieve a previously intractable degree of parallelism, which we apply to large scale hyperparameter optimization, rapidly finding competitive models on benchmark object recognition tasks using convolutional networks, and image caption generation using neural language models.
Multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays (2015)

The progress on multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays in the mid‐infrared is reviewed, which are a powerful, robust and versatile source for next‐generation spectroscopy and stand‐off detection systems. Various approaches for the array elements are discussed, from conventional distributed‐feedback lasers over master‐oscillator power‐amplifier devices to tapered oscillators, and the performances of the different array types are compared. The challenges associated with reliably achieving single‐mode operation at deterministic wavelengths for each laser element in combination with a uniform distribution of high output power across the array are discussed. An overview of the range of applications benefiting from the quantum cascade laser approach is given. The distinct and crucial advantages of arrays over external cavity quantum cascade lasers as tunable single‐mode sources in the mid‐infrared are discussed. Spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging demonstrations by quantum cascade laser arrays are reviewed. image
Is non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure waveform analysis possible? Preliminary results of a comparative study of non-invasive vs. invasive intracranial slow-wave waveform analysis monitoring in patients with traumatic brain injury. (2005)

An increasing body of evidence supports the concept that intracranial pressure (ICP) slow B waves represent the auto-regulatory response of spontaneous fluctuations of cerebral perfusion pressure. A relationship between cerebral auto-regulation and clinical outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury has also been established. The objective of our prospective clinical study was to compare the B slow ICP waves obtained invasively by standard ICP monitoring to those obtained noninvasively using a new ultrasound technology.In the participating institutions, over a period of six months, thirteen consecutive patients (8 males and 5 females) with severe closed head injuries (GCS < 8) were included in our IRB-approved study. Intracranial pressure and B slow waves, as well as arterial blood pressure and waveforms, were evaluated by standard invasive techniques. Additionally, a new non-invasive ultrasound device, Vittamed (Telematics Scientific Laboratory, Kaunas, Lithuania), was employed for monitoring intracranial blood volume slow waves. Using these modalities, it was possible to compare the changes that occurred with invasive monitoring (Correlation factor RI) and the changes that occurred using non-invasive technology (Correlation factor RN).Bland Altman plot analysis showed positive correlation between the invasively and non-invasively obtained slow intracranial B waves (2sigma = 8.9%, p < 0.0001) and cerebral auto-regulation indexes (RI and RN) (SD = 5%, p < 0.0001). Positive RI and RN values were correlated with poor clinical outcome.Ultrasonographic technology (Vittamed) may have significant application in non-invasive continuous cerebrovascular auto-regulation monitoring in patients with severe head injuries.
Prognostic Significance of the European LeukemiaNet Standardized System for Reporting Cytogenetic and Molecular Alterations in Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2012)

The ELN classification clearly separates the genetic groups by outcome, supporting its use for risk stratification in clinical trials. Because they have different proportions of genetic alterations and outcomes, younger and older patients should be reported separately when using the ELN classification.
Microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced bio-based poly(propylene carbonate) with dual shape memory and self-healing properties (2014)

A novel, biologically friendly polymer with shape memory and self-healing properties based on poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared.
Which pointer analysis should I use? (2000)

During the past two decades many different pointer analysis algorithms have been published. Although some descriptions include measurements of the effectiveness of the algorithm, qualitative comparisons among algorithms are difficult because of varying infrastructure, benchmarks, and performance metrics. Without such comparisons it is not only difficult for an implementor to determine which pointer analysis is appropriate for their application, but also for a researcher to know which algorithms should be used as a basis for future advances.
Intelligent automation of electron beam physical vapour deposition (2005)

The present paper presents an intelligent automation of the electron beam physical vapour deposition (EBPVD) process to achieve high quality and cost efficient coatings for low volume part production, using realtime feedback control. A computational model of EBPVD for predicting coating thickness is used with an optimisation heuristic for reducing coating thickness variance and feedback control approaches for substrate temperature control and melt pool control. The computational model can be readily generated using a standard computer aided design (CAD) model of the workpiece, which makes the method applicable to workpieces with complex three-dimensional geometry. Based on this model, an optimisation heuristic for the EBPVD process is developed to control workpiece motion systematically with the objective of reducing coating thickness variance, i.e. providing a uniform coating. These computational developments are illustrated using a simulation of a turbine blade coating in which the coating thickness variance is reduced significantly. Process level intelligence is incorporated using realtime feedback control for substrate temperature and melt pool control using an open architecture control system. Results using thermocouple based temperature control and realtime vision for melt pool control are presented. Video images of the melt pool are analysed on a block by block basis, using a technique to identify critical regions of the melt pool. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of automating the electron gun beam steering sequence. The proposed methods offer the prospect of eliminating dedicated tooling/fixtures and improving the cost effectiveness of the process, especially for low volume production.
Allelotype of breast cancer: cumulative allele losses promote tumor progression in primary breast cancer. (1990)

Allele loss on a specific chromosome has implied the existence of a tumor suppressor gene such as the p53 gene and the RB gene. In order to determine which chromosome(s) carries a tumor suppressor gene(s) that contributes to tumor progression in primary breast cancer, we analyzed the loss of heterozygosity for each autosomal chromosome arm by using 39 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers including 25 variable numbers of tandem repeat probes. In 79 primary breast cancers, we found the frequent loss on the long arm of chromosome 13 (21%), the long arm of chromosome 16 (45%), and the short arm of chromosome 17 (56%). Interestingly, breast cancers in which loss of both chromosomes 13q and 17p was detected showed more malignant histopathological features, and a group of the tumors in which chromosome 16q loss was detected presented with frequent lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the result of the deletion mapping on chromosome 17p implied the existence of a tumor suppressor gene distal to the p53 gene as well as the p53 gene itself for primary breast cancer. These results suggest that at least 4 tumor suppressor genes exist on chromosomes 13q, 16q, and 17p for primary breast cancer.
Discovery of 4-Substituted Pyrrolidone Butanamides as New Agents with Significant Antiepileptic Activity (2003)

(S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxopyrrolidine acetamide 2 (levetiracetam, Keppra, UCB S.A.), a structural analogue of piracetam, has recently been approved as an add-on treatment of refractory partial onset seizures in adults. This drug appears to combine significant efficacy and high tolerability due to a unique mechanism of action. The latter relates to a brain-specific binding site for 2 (LBS for levetiracetam binding site) that probably plays a major role in its antiepileptic properties. Using this novel molecular target, we initiated a drug-discovery program searching for ligands with significant affinity to LBS with the aim to characterize their therapeutic potential in epilepsy and other central nervous system diseases. We systematically investigated the various positions of the pyrrolidone acetamide scaffold. We found that (i) the carboxamide moiety on 2 is essential for affinity; (ii) among 100 different side chains, the preferred substitution alpha to the carboxamide is an ethyl group with the (S)-configuration; (iii) the 2-oxopyrrolidine ring is preferred over piperidine analogues or acyclic compounds; (iv) substitution of positions 3 or 5 of the lactam ring decreases the LBS affinity; and (v) 4-substitution of the lactam ring by small hydrophobic groups improves the in vitro and in vivo potency. Six interesting candidates substituted in the 4-position have been shown to be more potent antiseizure agents in vivo than 2. Further pharmacological studies from our group led to the selection of (2S)-2-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl]butanamide 83alpha (ucb 34714) as the most interesting candidate. It is approximately 10 times more potent than 2 as an antiseizure agent in audiogenic seizure-prone mice. A clinical phase I program has been successfully concluded and 83alpha will commence several phase II trials during 2003.
Total Gene Synthesis: Novel Single-Step and Convergent Strategies Applied to the Construction of a 779 Base Pair Bacteriorhodopsin Gene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Gene Synthesis: Novel Single-Step and Convergent Strategies Applied to the Construction of a 779 Base Pair Bacteriorhodopsin GeneGuo-Qiang Chen, Isaac Choi, Banurekha Ramachandran, and J. Eric GouauxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 19, 8799–8800Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00098a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00098a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probing Single Secretory Vesicles with Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Secretory vesicles obtained from the atrial gland of the gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica were chemically analyzed individually with a combination of optical trapping, capillary electrophoresis separation, and a laser-induced fluorescence detection. With the use of optical trapping, a single vesicle that had attoliters (10(-18) liters) of volume was introduced into the tapered inlet of a separation capillary. Once the vesicle was injected, it was lysed, and its components were fluorescently labeled with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde before separation. The resultant electropherograms indicated distinct variations in the contents of single vesicles.
Boosted multi-task learning for face verification with applications to web image and video search (2009)

Face verification has many potential applications including filtering and ranking image/video search results on celebrities. Since these images/videos are taken under uncontrolled environments, the problem is very challenging due to dramatic lighting and pose variations, low resolutions, compression artifacts, etc. In addition, the available number of training images for each celebrity may be limited, hence learning individual classifiers for each person may cause overfitting. In this paper, we propose two ideas to meet the above challenges. First, we propose to use individual bins, instead of whole histograms, of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) as features for learning, which yields significant performance improvements and computation reduction in our experiments. Second, we present a novel Multi-Task Learning (MTL) framework, called Boosted MTL, for face verification with limited training data. It jointly learns classifiers for multiple people by sharing a few boosting classifiers in order to avoid overfitting. The effectiveness of Boosted MTL and LBP bin features is verified with a large number of celebrity images/videos from the web.
Roflumilast (Daxas): a novel approach to treating COPD (2011)

Abstract Roflumilast (Daxas) is the first in a new class of treatment for COPD that targets the underlying inflammation. In our New products review, Dr Iain Small presents the clinical trial evidence for its efficacy and side‐effects and discusses its place in COPD management. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Virtual Reality System with Integrated Sound Field Simulation and Reproduction (2007)

A real-time audio rendering system is introduced which combines a full room-specific simulation, dynamic crosstalk cancellation, and multitrack binaural synthesis for virtual acoustical imaging. The system is applicable for any room shape (normal, long, flat, coupled), independent of the a priori assumption of a diffuse sound field. This provides the possibility of simulating indoor or outdoor spatially distributed, freely movable sources and a moving listener in virtual environments. In addition to that, near-to-head sources can be simulated by using measured near-field HRTFs. The reproduction component consists of a headphone-free reproduction by dynamic crosstalk cancellation. The focus of the project is mainly on the integration and interaction of all involved subsystems. It is demonstrated that the system is capable of real-time room simulation and reproduction and, thus, can be used as a reliable platform for further research on VR applications.
Method for the serological typing of the capsular polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus (1985)

A method is described for typing Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharides that is based on direct bacterial cell agglutination and immunoprecipitation of cell extracts with monospecific antisera. Encapsulated strains were identified by their inagglutinability with teichoic acid antisera. The typing sera reacted specifically with extracts of eight prototype strains.
Selection of parameters for thermal coronavirus inactivation – a data-based recommendation (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Healthcare workers and large parts of the population are currently using personal protective equipment, such as face masks, to avoid infections with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This equipment must be sterilized as gently as possible before reuse. One possibility is thermal inactivation, but professional autoclaves with their high temperatures are often not available or suitable. If the inactivation period is long enough, coronavirus inactivation can also be carried out at relatively low temperatures. The required duration was determined in this study. <b>Material and methods:</b> Data from published thermal inactivation studies on coronaviruses were applied to determine the temperature dependence of the rate constant k(T) for each coronavirus by employing Arrhenius models. <b>Results:</b> The data obtained exhibit large variations, which appear to be at least partially caused by different sample properties. Samples with high protein content or samples in dry air sometimes seem to be more difficult to inactivate. Apart from this, the Arrhenius models describe the thermal inactivation properties well and SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can even be represented by a combined model. Furthermore, the available data suggest that all samples, including critical ones, can be mathematically included by a worst-case Arrhenius model. <b>Conclusion:</b> Coronaviruses can already be inactivated at relatively low temperatures. For most samples, application times of approximately 32.5, 3.7, and 0.5 minutes will be sufficient at 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively, for a 5 log-reduction. For difficult conditions, the worst-case model provides significantly longer application times of 490, 55, and 8 minutes for the temperatures mentioned.
Fast Disparity and Motion Estimation for Multi-view Video Coding (2007)

In this paper, we propose a fast disparity and motion estimation for multi-view video coding (MVC). When implementing MVC, one of the most critical problems is heavy computational complexity caused by the large amount of information in multi-view sequences. Hence, a fast algorithm is essential. To reduce this computational complexity, we adoptively controlled a search range considering the reliability of each macroblock. In order to estimate this reliability, we calculated the difference between the predicted vectors that were obtained from different methods. When working with conventional encoders, vectors can be predicted using median filtering from causal blocks. Moreover, we calculated another predicted vector using multi-view camera geometry or the relationship between the disparity and motion vectors. We assumed that this difference indicated the reliability of the current macroblock. By using these properties, we were able to determine new search range and reduce the number of searching points within the limited window. The proposed MVC system was tested with several multi- view sequences to evaluate performance. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to reduce processing time by maximumly 70-80% in estimation process.