gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods to Include Beer's Law Nonlinearities in Quantitative Spectral Analysis (1987)

Multivariate least-squares methods have been recently applied to the quantitative infrared analysis of multicomponent samples. Many deviations from Beer's law can be approximated in linear least-squares analyses by using a calibration set which consists of spectra of known mixtures and by adding a nonzero intercept to Beer's law. More recently, methods which specifically include nonlinear terms in the relationship between concentration and absorbance have been applied to samples whose spectra exhibit Beer's law deviations. Using these methods, reductions in relative errors have been achieved for several nonlinear systems compared to the results of least-squares methods which include only the linear terms. An alternate method to improve the quantitative accuracy in the presence of Beer's law deviations involves using full-spectrum residuals. Since the multivariate least-squares analysis generates estimated pure-component spectra from a calibration set of known mixture spectra, residual spectra can be generated by subtracting the appropriate amounts of the estimated spectra from the known mixture spectra. The residual spectra, which represent the nonlinearities from Beer's law that are not accurately approximated in the multivariate least-squares analysis, are then used as additional terms to improve the least-squares fit of the unknown sample spectrum. Empirically this method has been also found to improve relative errors. These methods have been applied to two systems which exhibit nonlinear Beer's law behavior, that is, binary mixtures of esters and low-resolution gas-phase spectra of nitrous oxide (N2O) in nitrogen (N2). Demonstration of the methods and a comparison of the accuracies of the different techniques are made for these two systems.
Kinetics of the heparin-enhanced antithrombin III/thrombin reaction. Evidence for a template model for the mechanism of action of heparin. (1982)

Heparin-enhanced Antithrombin III/Thrombin ReactionHj' is heparin not bound to antithrombin 111.Substituting Equations 5 and 6 into Equation 2, Equation 1 can be rewritten to describe the rate of thrombin inhibition in terms of T, AT, and H,.'The derivations and theoretical data for the heparin-thrombin and heparin-antithrombin 111 models are available upon request.
Multilaboratory Evaluation of a Viability Assay for Measurement of Opsonophagocytic Antibodies Specific to the Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2003)

Opsonophagocytosis is a correlate of protection that measures the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies. A standardized opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) should be used as part of the evaluation of current and future pneumococcal (Pnc) polysaccharide (Ps)-based vaccines. We enrolled five laboratories to evaluate a previously standardized viability OPA. Each laboratory was provided with a detailed OPA protocol, seven target Pnc strains (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), two quality control sera and 12 paired sera (blinded) from adult donors who received one dose of the 23-valent Pnc Ps vaccine. Laboratories sent their results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged to yield a single OPA titer (> or = 50% killing) for each serum sample. The percentage of sera within one or two dilutions of the calculated median OPA titer was determined for each laboratory and for each serotype. In general, laboratories were capable of detecting OPA titers within one or two dilutions of the median for at least 75 and 88%, respectively, of the sera tested. The level of agreement with the median OPA titers varied depending on the participating laboratory (overall agreement = 0.8 [99% confidence interval = 0.75 to 0.85]). All OPA median titers reported for quality control sera were within one dilution of the expected titer. We conclude that this OPA can be done in multiple laboratories with a high degree of interlaboratory reproducibility.
Comparative properties of five human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. (1985)

We describe the derivation of three human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and the comparison of their properties with two previously described cell lines of like histology (SKOV-3 and CAOV-3). Two of the new lines (HOC-1 and HOC-7) were derived from separate ascites tumors (at 9-month intervals) of a patient with well-differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. The third new line, HEY, was derived from a human ovarian cancer xenograft (HX-62) originally grown from a peritoneal deposit of a patient with moderately differentiated papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. The cell lines demonstrated differential ability to grow in semisolid culture and as xenografts in immunologically deprived CBA/CJ mice. Dose-response curves were generated for clonogenic cell survival of cells exposed to common chemotherapeutic agents; one of the lines (HEY) shows a degree of resistance to the alkylating agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-platinum). Common karyological features included structural abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 11. Heterogeneity of expression of ovarian tumor-associated antigens was documented.
The Internet Telephone Toolkit (1996)

The Concept: Free Long Distance Calling! Getting Started Typical Problems with Internet Telephony The Future of Internet Telephony Internet Phone: The Market Leader Internet Phone Usage Tips: Questions and Answers WebPhone WebTalk TeleVox FreeTel CoolTalk NetMeeting Additional Voice/Video on the Net (VON) Products Appendices Index.
Toward Large-Scale Energy Harvesting by a Nanoparticle-Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator (2013)

This article describes a simple, cost-effective, and scalable approach to fabricate a triboelectric nanogenerator (NG) with ultrahigh electric output. Triggered by commonly available ambient mechanical energy such as human footfalls, a NG with size smaller than a human palm can generate maximum short-circuit current of 2 mA, delivering instantaneous power output of 1.2 W to external load. The power output corresponds to an area power density of 313 W/m(2) and a volume power density of 54,268 W/m(3) at an open-circuit voltage of ~1200 V. An energy conversion efficiency of 14.9% has been achieved. The power was capable of instantaneously lighting up as many as 600 multicolor commercial LED bulbs. The record high power output for the NG is attributed to optimized structure, proper materials selection and nanoscale surface modification. This work demonstrated the practicability of using NG to harvest large-scale mechanical energy, such as footsteps, rolling wheels, wind power, and ocean waves.
Preparation of Ag Fine Particles from Aqueous Silver Solution by Reduction Reaction (2005)

A study on the preparation of Ag fine particles was performed through a reduction reaction using ascorbic acids as a reductant, which is one of the indispensable processes for the recycling of silver-bearing wastes. Silver nitrate solution in the range of 10~120 mmole/l was used and Tamol NN8906 or PVP was also used as a dispersant in the preparation of Ag fine particles size analyze, SEM, and TEM to determine the particle size and morphology of them. As a result, the reduction reaction of silver ions with ascorbic acid reached equilibrium within 10 min. It was found that about 60% excess of ascorbic acid was required in order to reduce completely silver ions in the solution. The particle size distribution of Ag particles prepared through the reduction reaction showed typically biomodal or trimodal distribution. Especially, initial Ag concentration in the solution, the type and amount of dispersant added during the reduction reaction played an important role in determining the mean particle size of Ag particles.
Toward Faster Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: A New Algorithm and Comparisons (2008)

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a dimension reduction method that has been widely used for various tasks including text mining, pattern analysis, clustering, and cancer class discovery. The mathematical formulation for NMF appears as a non-convex optimization problem, and various types of algorithms have been devised to solve the problem. The alternating nonnegative least squares (ANLS) framework is a block coordinate descent approach for solving NMF, which was recently shown to be theoretically sound and empirically efficient. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for NMF based on the ANLS framework. Our new algorithm builds upon the block principal pivoting method for the nonnegativity constrained least squares problem that overcomes some limitations of active set methods. We introduce ideas to efficiently extend the block principal pivoting method within the context of NMF computation. Our algorithm inherits the convergence theory of the ANLS framework and can easily be extended to other constrained NMF formulations. Comparisons of algorithms using datasets that are from real life applications as well as those artificially generated show that the proposed new algorithm outperforms existing ones in computational speed.
PTEN Has Tumor-Promoting Properties in the Setting of Gain-of-Function p53 Mutations (2008)

We show, for the first time, that the tumor suppressor PTEN can have tumor-promoting properties. We show that PTEN acquires these unexpected properties by enhancing gain-of-function mutant p53 (mut-p53) protein levels. We find that PTEN restoration to cells harboring mut-p53 leads to induction of G(1)-S cell cycle progression and cell proliferation and to inhibition of cell death. Conversely, PTEN inhibition in cells expressing wild-type PTEN and mut-p53 leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and inhibition of in vivo tumor growth. We show the dependency of the tumor-promoting effects of PTEN on mut-p53 by showing that knockdown of mut-p53 expression inhibits or reverses the tumor-promoting effects of PTEN. Mechanistically, we show that PTEN expression enhances mut-p53 protein levels via inhibition of mut-p53 degradation by Mdm2 and possibly also via direct protein binding. These findings describe a novel function of PTEN and have important implications for experimental and therapeutic strategies that aim at manipulating PTEN or p53 in human tumors. They suggest that the mutational status of PTEN and p53 should be considered to achieve favorable therapeutic outcomes. The findings also provide an explanation for the low frequency of simultaneous mutations of PTEN and p53 in human cancer.
Reverse time migration with optimal checkpointing (2007)

Abstract Reverse time migration (RTM) requires that fields computed in forward time be accessed in reverse order. Such out-of-order access, to recursively computed fields, requires that some part of the recursion history be stored (checkpointed), with the remainder computed by repeating parts of the forward computation. Optimal checkpointing algorithms choose checkpoints in such a way that the total storage is minimized for a prescribed level of excess computation, or vice versa. Optimal checkpointing dramatically reduces the storage required by RTM, compared to that needed for nonoptimal implementations, at the price of a small increase in computation. This paper describes optimal checkpointing in a form which applies both to RTM and other applications of the adjoint state method, such as construction of velocity updates from prestack wave equation migration.
Pharmacological evaluation of a new topical preparation containing dextran sulphate and betamethasone 17-valerate. (1980)

The antiinflammatory activity of a topical preparation containing dextran sulphate and betamethasone 17-valerate was studied in comparison with that of the single active principles. In the rat carrageenan paw edema test, where compounds were applied topically as cream formulations, dextran sulphate alone was inactive but it greatly improved the antiinflammatory activity of betamethasone 17-valerate. The reported data indicate that dextran sulphate and betamethasone 17-valerate act synergistically in reducing the paw volume. Moreover, the drug combination administered s.c. demonstrated a statistically significant interaction, when compared with the single active principles, in reducing increased vascular permeability in the rat. The results are briefly discussed in relation to published clinical data.
Fibronectin Regulates Assembly of Actin Filaments and Focal Contacts in Cultured Cells via the Heparin-binding Site in Repeat III13 (1999)

Fibroblasts, when plated on the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN), rapidly spread and form an organized actin cytoskeleton. This process is known to involve both the central alpha5beta1 integrin-binding and the C-terminal heparin-binding regions of FN. We found that within the heparin-binding region, the information necessary for inducing organization of stress fibers and focal contacts was located in a 29-amino acid segment of FN type III module 13 (III13). We did not find a cytoskeleton-organizing role for repeat III14, which had previously been implicated in this process. Within III13, the same five basic amino acids known to be most important for heparin binding were also necessary for actin organization. A substrate of III13 alone was only weakly adhesive but strongly induced formation of filopodia and lamellipodia. Stress fiber formation required a combination of III13 and III7-11 (which contains the integrin alpha5beta1 recognition site), either as a single fusion protein or as separate polypeptides, and the relative amounts of the two binding sites appeared to determine whether stress fibers or filopodia and lamellipodia were the predominant actin structures formed. We propose that a balance of signals from III13 and from integrins regulates the type of actin structures assembled by the cell.
Broad-Band Vibro-Impacting Energy Harvester (2010)

The certification of retro-fitted structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for use on aircraft raises a number of challenges. One critical issue is determining the optimal means of supplying power to these systems, given that access to the existing aircraft power-system is likely to be problematic. Other conventional options such as primary cells can be difficult to certify and would need periodic replacement, which in an aircraft context would pose a serious maintenance issue. Previously, the DSTO has shown that a structural-strain based energy harvesting approach can be used to power a device for SHM of aircraft structures. Acceleration-based energy harvesting from airframes is more demanding (than a strain based approach) since the vibration spectrum of an aircraft structure varies dynamically with flight conditions, and hence a frequency agile or (relatively) broad-band device is often required to maximize the energy harvested. This paper reports on the development of a prototype vibro-impacting energy harvester with a ~59 gram flying mass and two piezoelectric bimorph-stops. Over the frequency range 29-41 Hz using a continuous-sine 450 milli-g r.m.s. excitation, the harvester delivers an average of 5.1 mW. From a random band-passed 25-45 Hz excitation with r.m.s. 450 milli-g, the average harvester output is 1.7 mW.
Benefits and Harms of CT Screening for Lung Cancer (2012)

Low-dose computed tomography screening may benefit individuals at an increased risk for lung cancer, but uncertainty exists about the potential harms of screening and the generalizability of results.
Lengua, migraciones y mercado de trabajo (2007)

Las migraciones son uno de los principales medios por los que el valor de una lengua se acrecienta&#13;\no se reduce. La economía y la sociología de la lengua suelen analizar la relación entre&#13;\nmigraciones y valor de la lengua en múltiples escenarios. Dos de los más generales son, por un&#13;\nlado, la influencia de la comunidad lingüística sobre la dirección y las consecuencias de las migraciones&#13;\ny, por otro lado, los rendimientos económicos del conocimiento de una lengua en los&#13;\nmercados de trabajo en los que participan los inmigrantes. En este trabajo se hace, en primer&#13;\nlugar, una exposición inicial de los conceptos, las teorías y los principales resultados empíricos&#13;\nde los estudios de esos dos escenarios típicos. En segundo lugar, se describen las tendencias&#13;\nrecientes de la inmigración internacional y su impacto, como origen o como destino, en las&#13;\náreas hispanas. Finalmente, en el tercer apartado, se presentan unos primeros resultados descriptivos&#13;\ndel estudio del valor de la lengua para los inmigrantes en España.&#13;\nABSTRACT: Migrations are one of the main ways by which the value of a language expands or diminishes.&#13;\nEconomy and sociology of language normally analyse the relation between migrations and the&#13;\nvalue of the language in multiple settings. Two of the most general of these are, on the one&#13;\nhand, the influence of the linguistic community on the directions and consequences of migrations&#13;\nand, on the other hand, the economical returns of knowing a language on the labour&#13;\nmarkets in which immigrants participate. In this paper, firstly, the concepts, theories and main&#13;\nempirical results of the studies of those two typical settings are exposed. In the second place,&#13;\nrecent tendencies of international immigration and its impact on the Hispanic areas, as either&#13;\nits origin or destination, are described. Finally, in the third section, some first descriptive results&#13;\nof the research on the value of language for immigrants in Spain are presented.
The First Launch of an Autonomous Thrust-Driven Microrobot Using Nanoporous Energetic Silicon (2011)

As the capability and complexity of robotic platforms continue to evolve from the macro to the micron scale, the challenge of achieving autonomy requires the development of robust, lightweight architectures. These architectures must provide a platform upon which actuators, control, sensing, power, and communication modules are integrated for optimal performance. In this paper, the first autonomous jumping microrobotic platform is demonstrated using a hybrid integration approach to assemble on-board control, sensing, power, and actuation directly onto a polymer chassis. For the purposes of this paper, jumping is defined as brief parabolic motion achieved via an actuation pulse at takeoff. In this paper, the actuation pulse comes from the rapid release of chemical energy to create propulsion. The actuation pulse lasts several microseconds and is achieved using a novel high-force/low-power thrust actuator, nanoporous energetic silicon, resulting in 250 μJ of kinetic energy delivered to the robot and a vertical height of approximately 8 cm.
A secure and trusted time stamping authority (2003)

A method to construct a secure and trusted time stamping authority is proposed to provide adequate precision and protection for digital time stamping of electronic digital documents. Time for stamping is obtained from a precise clock that is synchronous to two atomic clocks. A digital signature is obtained by using the RSA cryptosystem with 2048-bit modulus, and a secret key of a time stamping authority is stored at distributed servers partially. A ticket is used for screening illegal use. These features are crucial for operating a secure and trusted time stamping authority. A time stamping authority provides a "proof-of-existence" for digital documents at an instant in time. In electronic commerce a "proof-of-existence" is useful for preventing from forging transactions.
Virtues and Goals in Pediatrics (2009)

In the development of virtue ethics, it was necessary to examine the connection between virtue and happiness. The concept of virtue as a normative theory for medical ethics paralleled the history of the concept of virtue in general ethics. To define the values at the core of medicine and to reach some consensus on the goals of medicine, a report was produced by an international project of the Hastings Center in which four goals for medicine were listed: the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion and maintenance of health; the relief of pain and suffering caused by maladies; the care and cure of those with a malady and the care of those who cannot be cured; the avoidance of premature death and the pursuit of a peaceful death. Gentle humor is a good antidote for a child's anxiety and even serves to alleviate the monotony of medical routine.
Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2015)

Solar cells based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites have recently shown rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, but exhibit unusual behaviour such as current-voltage hysteresis and a low-frequency giant dielectric response. Ionic transport has been suggested to be an important factor contributing to these effects; however, the chemical origin of this transport and the mobile species are unclear. Here, the activation energies for ionic migration in methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are derived from first principles, and are compared with kinetic data extracted from the current-voltage response of a perovskite-based solar cell. We identify the microscopic transport mechanisms, and find facile vacancy-assisted migration of iodide ions with an activation energy of 0.6 eV, in good agreement with the kinetic measurements. The results of this combined computational and experimental study suggest that hybrid halide perovskites are mixed ionic-electronic conductors, a finding that has major implications for solar cell device architectures.
Water‐insoluble dextrans by grafting, 3. Reaction of dextran with butyl isocyanate. Chemical hydrolysis (1987)

Abstract The modification reaction of dextran with butyl isocyanate using 1,4‐diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane as catalyst was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on the concentrations of polymer, butyl isocyanate and catalyst was found. The activation energy was found to be 38,5 kJ/mol (9,2 kcal/mol). The homogeneous hydrolysis in alkaline medium was found to be first order with respect to both the base and the butyl urethane concentrations. The activation energy, obtained for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis, was 83,7 kJ/mol (20,0 kcal/mol). The heterogeneous hydrolysis of a water insoluble modified dextran (degree of substitution = 0,72) showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions.
Vanillin Suppresses Metastatic Potential of Human Cancer Cells through PI3K Inhibition and Decreases Angiogenesis in Vivo (2009)

Vanillin, a food flavoring agent, has been shown to suppress cancer cell migration and metastasis in a mouse model, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In this report, we have examined the antimetastatic potential of vanillin and its structurally related compounds, vanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, and apocynin on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration of human lung cancer cells by the Transwell assay. Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit cell migration, and both compounds selectively inhibited Akt phosphorylation of HGF signaling, without affecting phosphorylation of Met and Erk. Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit the enzymatic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as revealed by an in vitro lipid kinase assay, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K activity was a mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration, and the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group in the vanillin structure was important for this inhibition. Vanillin and apocynin also inhibited angiogenesis, determined by the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
Meta-analysis of drug-eluting versus bare metal stents in patients with indications for oral anticoagulation undergoing coronary stenting (2014)

For patients with an indication for OAC undergoing coronary stenting, DES might a DES can be as safely used as a BMS, and is superior in reducing the risk of TVR.