gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Pain on Intravenous Injection Between Two Preparations of Propofol (2005)

Propofol is frequently used for sedation, induction, and maintenance of anesthesia. It is, however, associated with pain on injection. Propofol-Lipuro has an oil phase that allows a larger proportion of propofol to be dissolved in it and, thereby, apparently reduces pain. However, studies investigating this have had methodological limitations. We devised a randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing pain on injection between two preparations of propofol, Diprivan and Propofol-Lipuro, in subanesthetic doses. Sixty healthy patients received the drugs in random order via the same injection site separated by 10 min and a 0.9% saline flush. Pain was assessed using a verbal rating score (VRS) during and at 1-min time points after injection. Differences in VRS between the two propofol preparations at different time points in each patient were analyzed. In patients who were given Diprivan first followed by Propofol-Lipuro (group D-P), pain was significantly reduced with Propofol-Lipuro compared with Diprivan during initial injection (median difference in VRS = 2 [interquartile range 0-2], P = 0.002) and at 1 min (3 [0-4], P < 0.001). In patients who were given Propofol-Lipuro first followed by Diprivan (group P-D), no significant differences in VRS were shown. Propofol-Lipuro is associated with reduced injection pain compared with Diprivan and also seems to attenuate subsequent injection pain of Diprivan when administered first. The mechanism is unknown, but may be related to a reduction in the concentration of propofol in the aqueous phase.
Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Reagents for Aldehyde Crotylation (2004)

Two new, crystalline solid, storable, and highly enantioselective reagents for aldehyde crotylation have been developed. Both (cis and trans) crotylsilane reagents are easily prepared in bulk, require trivial reaction conditions, and provide the homoallylic alcohol products with near diastereo- and enantiospecificity in many cases.
Characterization of polymorphic forms of Fc receptor III on human neutrophils. (1989)

We characterized Fc receptor III (FcR III) on human neutrophils and found it to be heavily glycosylated and polymorphic. In some individuals, FcR III that had been digested with N-glycanase appeared after SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions as two bands with apparent molecular masses of 33 and 29 kD. In other individuals, N-glycanase-treated FcR III appeared as a single band with an Mr of either 33 or 29 kD. After SDS-PAGE of N-glycanase-treated FcR III under nonreducing conditions, the apparent Mr of each structural type was decreased, suggesting the presence of intramolecular disulfide bonds. Digestion of the 33-kD band and the 29-kD band with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease yielded similar, but not identical, peptide maps. Thus, at least two polymorphic forms of FcR III are expressed on human neutrophils. The structural polymorphism of neutrophil FcR III correlated with previously described antigenic polymorphisms detected by monoclonal antibody Gran 11 and by alloantisera which recognize epitopes of the biallelic, neutrophil antigen (NA) system. Individuals whose neutrophils expressed the two-band structural type of FcR III were NA1NA2 heterozygotes. Individuals whose neutrophils expressed the single 33-kD band structural type were NA2NA2 homozygotes, and individuals whose neutrophils expressed the single 29-kD band structural type were NA1NA1 homozygotes. These findings indicate that antigenic and structural polymorphisms of human neutrophil FcR III are related and can be accounted for by differences at the level of primary protein structure.
Contents, Vol. 1, 1983 (1983)

Drug DosageThe authors and the publisher have exerted every cITort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the lime of publication.However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dos age and for added warnings and precautions.This is par ticularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Virus-Specific Cofactor Requirement and Chimeric Hepatitis C Virus/GB Virus B Nonstructural Protein 3 (2000)

GB virus B (GBV-B) is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and causes acute hepatitis in tamarins (Saguinus species), making it an attractive surrogate virus for in vivo testing of anti-HCV inhibitors in a small monkey model. It has been reported that the nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) serine protease of GBV-B shares similar substrate specificity with its counterpart in HCV. Authentic proteolytic processing of the HCV polyprotein junctions (NS4A/4B, NS4B/5A, and NS5A/5B) can be accomplished by the GBV-B NS3 protease in an HCV NS4A cofactor-independent fashion. We further characterized the protease activity of a full-length GBV-B NS3 protein and its cofactor requirement using in vitro-translated GBV-B substrates. Cleavages at the NS4A/4B and NS5A/5B junctions were readily detectable only in the presence of a cofactor peptide derived from the central region of GBV-B NS4A. Interestingly, the GBV-B substrates could also be cleaved by the HCV NS3 protease in an HCV NS4A cofactor-dependent manner, supporting the notion that HCV and GBV-B share similar NS3 protease specificity while retaining a virus-specific cofactor requirement. This finding of a strict virus-specific cofactor requirement is consistent with the lack of sequence homology in the NS4A cofactor regions of HCV and GBV-B. The minimum cofactor region that supported GBV-B protease activity was mapped to a central region of GBV-B NS4A (between amino acids Phe22 and Val36) which overlapped with the cofactor region of HCV. Alanine substitution analysis demonstrated that two amino acids, Val27 and Trp31, were essential for the cofactor activity, a finding reminiscent of the two critical residues in the HCV NS4A cofactor, Ile25 and Ile29. A model for the GBV-B NS3 protease domain and NS4A cofactor complex revealed that GBV-B might have developed a similar structural strategy in the activation and regulation of its NS3 protease activity. Finally, a chimeric HCV/GBV-B bifunctional NS3, consisting of an N-terminal HCV protease domain and a C-terminal GBV-B RNA helicase domain, was engineered. Both enzymatic activities were retained by the chimeric protein, which could lead to the development of a chimeric GBV-B virus that depends on HCV protease function.
Dynamics of antibody response and viraemia following natural infection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV‐2) in a conventional pig herd (2013)

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a primary agent of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), ubiquitous in pig herds. The course of viraemia and seroconversion in naturally infected pigs were investigated in piglets from the 2nd week of their life. Piglets were divided into seropositive (Ab(+)) and seronegative (Ab(-)) groups. Subsequently, after vaccination against PCV-2 (Ingelvac(®) CIRCOFLEX™, Böehringer Ingelheim), they were further divided into non-vaccinated seronegative (NVAC/Ab(-)) and seropositive (NVAC/Ab(+)), and vaccinated seronegative (VAC/Ab(-)) and seropositive (VAC/Ab(+)). PCV-2 colostral antibodies failed to prevent development of natural PCV-2 infection in conventional piglets; however, this occurred at a higher age in comparison with seronegative pigs. Neither colostral nor post-infection antibodies prevented development of viraemia, which persisted up to the end of the study (the 19th week), but without clinical signs of PMWS. Vaccination failed to prevent development of natural PCV-2 infection, but viraemia was limited to between the 8th and 10th week. The presence of colostral anti-PCV-2 antibodies did not show any untoward effect to vaccination; on the contrary, VAC/Ab(+) animals showed the lowest titre of viraemia.
Microfluidic synthesis of monodisperse PDMS microbeads as discrete oxygen sensors (2011)

We describe the creation of monodisperse microbeads of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via a microfluidic approach. Using a flow-focusing configuration, a PDMS precursor solution is dispersed into microdroplets within an aqueous continuous phase. These droplets are collected and thermally cured off-chip into solid microbeads. Our microfluidic technique allows for direct integration of payloads into the PDMS microbeads. Specifically, we integrate an oxygen-sensitive porphyrin dye into the beads and show that the resulting structures can function as non-invasive and real-time oxygen microsensors utilizing a simple optical readout at the single-particle level.
Circadian variations in cardiovascular function and their relation to the occurrence and timing of cardiac events (1998)

Circadian patterns of risk for cardiac events and their implications for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular conditions are discussed. Sympathovagal tone, a major biological determinant of circadian variation in cardiovascular function, is modulated through circadian patterns of sleep-wake activity. The influence of neurohumoral activity on cardiovascular function is manifested by 24-hour variability in heart rate, blood pressure, and vasomotor tone. Platelet aggregation and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 activity peak around the time of awakening. Conversely, endogenous plasminogen activator exhibits a nadir around the time of awakening. Studies of patterns of occurrence of cardiac disorders such as acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, stroke, and ventricular arrhythmia show an increased occurrence during the period surrounding awakening. These patterns are consistent with observed circadian patterns in cardiovascular function. Diabetes, left ventricular dysfunction, and congestive heart failure may contribute to alterations in patterns of occurrence of cardiac events. Factors such as race, sex, and age may lead to alterations in circadian variation in cardiovascular function. Unusual physical exertion, stress, and anger may act as triggers of an event at any time of day. The circadian patterns of cardiac events follow the natural fluctuations in endogenous physiological processes, with a vulnerable period consistently observed in the early morning; dynamic assessment of markers of cardiovascular function may assist in determining the extent of disease progression and in selecting cardiovascular therapies.
Characterization and Solubilization of Gonadotropin Receptor of Bovine Corpus Luteum (1974)

Plasma membranes isolated from bovine corpora lutea showed specific binding with 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin and 125I-human luteinizing hormone; unlabeled hormones competitively inhibited the binding. The binding of the 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin to the receptor was a saturable phenomenon and the half-saturation was attained at a concentration of 4 x 10-10 m . Maximum hormone receptor binding was obtained within 15 min at pH 7.2 and 37°. The rate constants of association and dissociation of human chorionic gonadotropin to the receptor determined at 37° were 2.8 x 106 m -1 s -1 and 2.1 x 10-5 s -1, respectively. The dissociation constant calculated from these rates was 8.0 x 10-10 m . At 4° the rate of association was extremely slow and the hormone receptor complex was stable up to 48 hours. The dissociation constants obtained from equilibrium data were calculated to be 1.5 x 10-10 m for human chorionic gonadotropin and the number of binding sites were approximately 6.3 x 10-15 per mg of tissue. The binding of 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin to the plasma membranes was optimum at pH 7.2 and was reduced at acidic and basic pH. The binding was also inhibited at high concentrations of CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl, and in the presence of guanidine HCl and urea. The inhibition of binding at pH 5 and 9 and up to 1 m concentration of various ions was reversible. Treatment of plasma membrane with phospholipase C, neuraminidase, glucosidase, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin did not decrease the binding of 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin. Pepsin and phospholipase A inhibited the binding of 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin to plasma membranes. The plasma membranes were solubilized in detergents. The proteins reprecipitated from the solution by ethanol-ammonium acetate retained the ability to bind 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin. Solubilization of the plasma membranes in 6 m guanidine HCl resulted in the separation of protein and lipid components. Fractionation of the protein component was achieved by gel filtration on a column of Sepharose 4B in 6 m guanidine HCl and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in 3 m urea. The receptor activity of the purified fractions could be reconstituted by emulsification with the lipid fraction, indicating the requirement of lipids to retain the native conformation of the receptor. The molecular weight of the active material estimated from Sepharose 4B column in 6 m guanidine HCl and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate was between 30,000 to 70,000. This partially purified protein may represent the regulatory subunit of the gonadotropin receptor.
A rapid and efficient method for site-directed mutagenesis by PCR, using biotinylated universal primers and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (1991)

Journal Article A rapid and efficient method for site-directed mutagenesis by PCR, using biotinylated universal primers and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads Get access Len Hall, Len Hall 1 Department of Biochemistry. University of BristolBristol BS8 1TD, UK 1To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David C. Emery David C. Emery Department of Biochemistry. University of BristolBristol BS8 1TD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 4, Issue 5, June 1991, Page 601, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/4.5.601 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 06 November 1990 Accepted: 27 February 1991 Published: 01 June 1991
Linearity performance of GaN HEMTs with field plates (2004)

Recently, electric field modification with GaN-based high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) using field plates (FP) has resulted in dramatically enhanced power performance. Power densities up to 32 W/mm at 4 GHz have been demonstrated with power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 55%. When scaled to a large periphery, a total output power of 149 W was obtained at 2 GHz. Modern communication applications also require high linearity for power devices. Here we present the linearity performance of GaN-channel HEMTs with various FP lengths at biases up to 108V.
Peptide conformations. Part 31. The conformation of cyclosporin a in the crystal and in solution (1985)

Abstract The all‐light‐atom X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of cyclosporin A ( 1 ), a cyclic undecapeptide containing seven N ‐methylated amino acids, reveals a conformation very similar to that of the previously analysed iodo derivative which is characterised by a twisted β‐pleated sheet involving the residues Me‐Val‐11, MeBmt‐1, Abu‐2, Sar‐3, MeLeu‐4, Val‐5, MeLeu‐6, and Ala‐7. The β‐bend at Sar‐MeLeu‐4 is of type II′, and the loop of the residual amino acids involves a cis‐peptide bond between MeLeu‐9 and MeLeu‐10. The NH proton of D ‐Ala‐8 closes a y i ‐bend with a H‐bond to the MeLeu‐6 CO group. The crystal was grown from acetone. A closely similar backbone conformation in apolar solvents such as CDCl 3 or C 6 D 6 has been derived from the interpretation of the NMR spectral parameters (homo‐ and heteronuclear NOE effects, coupling constants, chemical‐shift values of the C‐, H‐, and N‐atoms). A minor variation in the backbone conformation between crystal and solution is observed in the region of D ‐Ala‐8, where in solution a 3‐center H‐bond is established between the NH of D ‐Ala‐8 und the carbonyl O‐atoms of both MeLeu‐6 ( y i ‐turn) and D ‐Ala‐8 ( C 5 ‐bend). A recently proposed technique to identify intramolecular H‐bond via heteronuclear NOE from NH proton to carbonyl C‐atoms is critically analysed. The main difference between crystal and solution conformations lies in the orientation of the side chains of the unusual amino acid MeBmt (χ 1 = +60° in solution, ‐168° in the crystal) and of MeLeu‐10 ( X 1 = −60° in solution, +60° in the crystal). The differences in crystal and solution are caused by the break of the intermolecular H‐bond of the OH group of MeBmt on dissolution of the crystal. The bifurcated H‐bond of D ‐Ala‐8 twists the backbone in this region. Molecular modeling demonstrates that this is the origin of the change in the side chain conformation of MeLeu‐10. The intramolecular flexibility in the crystal indicated by the thermal parameters obtained from the X‐ray refinement, and in solution by an analysis of spin‐lattice relaxation times in the NMR experiments, indicate a fairly rigid backbone and fixed conformations for all the side chains except for that of Abu‐2 and the distal atoms of MeBmt.
Characterization of zebrafish primordial germ cells: Morphology and early distribution ofvasa RNA (1999)

Research into germ line development is of conceptual and biotechnologic importance. In this study, we used morphology at the level of light and electron microscope to characterize the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the zebrafish throughout embryonic and larval development. The study was complemented by the detailed analysis of mRNA expression of a putative germ line marker vasa. By morphology alone PGCs were identified at the earliest at the 5-somite stage in the peripheral endoderm in contact with the yolk syncytial layer. Subsequently, they move from lateral to medial positions into the median mesoderm and from there by means of the dorsal mesentery into the gonadal anlage at day 5 postfertilization (pf), to establish gonads with mesenchymal cells by day 9 pf. Ultrastructural analysis of the 4-day-old zebrafish larvae demonstrates the presence of the germ line-specific structures, nuage, and annulate lamellae. vasa RNA-positive cells can be followed during zebrafish embryogenesis from the 32-cell stage onward (Yoon et al., 1997). Upon completion of gastrulation, the RNA is exclusively present in the cells of the hypoblast, which as a consequence of convergence and extension movements first arrange themselves in a V-shaped string-like conformation to end up, by late somitogenesis, as a string of cells on each side of the midline. We show that the localization of maternal vasa RNA in the ovary changes from cytoplasmic, in the previtellogenic oocytes, to cortical in the vitellogenic oocytes, to concentrate at the boundary of the yolk and cytoplasm in the one cell stage zygote. These results demonstrate that the cortical vasa RNA localization precedes its cleavage furrow-associated localization in the embryos and is presumably cytoskeleton dependent. vasa RNA localization changes from asymmetric subcellular at the sphere stage, to become entirely cytoplasmic at the dome stage. These data suggest a close resemblance in modes of segregation of the germ plasma in the frog and vasa mRNA in the fish during cleavage stages. Based on the significantly larger size and the stereotype and similar position of morphologically distinct cells, presumed to be PGCs, and their vasa RNA-positive counterparts, we conclude that vasa RNA-positive cells are the PGCs and vasa RNA represents a definitive germ line marker in the fish. Dev Dyn 1999;216:153-167.
Substitution Effect of Rare Earth on Hydrogenation for AB<SUB>5</SUB>-Type Alloys (2006)

Substitution effects of rare earth elements for hydrogenation of MmNi3.55Co0.75Al0.30Mn0.40 AB5-type alloys were investigated, where Mm consisted of La-Pr-Nd-M (M : Ce, Y, Gd, Tm and Lu), and the amount of La and M was adjusted to keep the lattice volume identical which leads to a similar equilibrium hydrogen pressure. The above alloys showed two-phase reaction during hydrogenation, and both the phases had the orthorhombic lattice with a space group of Cmmm after activation. The Ce containing alloy showed a higher equilibrium hydrogen pressure (0.12 MPa) than the others (0.07–0.10 MPa) at 298 K. In addition, this alloy showed the largest lattice volume expansion among the alloys investigated. However, lattice strain of the hydride phases calculated from line broadening in X-ray diffraction peaks showed to be less than 0.9% for all the alloys investigated.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase. An enzyme with two distinct catalytic activities at a single type of active site (1985)

The evidence for and against the esterase and dehydrogenase active sites of aldehyde dehydrogenase being topologically distinct is examined. It is found that all the evidence (including all that previously amassed by others in favour of distinct binding domains) is actually consistent with, and in favour of, a single type of catalytic site having both activities. The existence of separate high-Km modulating sites for the enzyme is also questioned.
Transparent and Flexible Carbon Nanotube Transistors (2005)

We report the fabrication of transparent and flexible transistors where both the bottom gate and the conducting channel are carbon nanotube networks of different densities and Parylene N is the gate insulator. Device mobilities of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and on/off ratios of 100 are obtained, with the latter influenced by the properties of the insulating layer. Repetitive bending has minor influence on the characteristics, with full recovery after repeated bending. The operation is insensitive to visible light and the gating does not influence the transmission in the visible spectral range.
Plasma amino acid imbalance in patients with lung and breast cancer. (1995)

In order to evaluate whether different solid tumors may specifically influence plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profile, PFAA were analysed in seventy-four patients with lung (41 patients) and breast cancer (33 patients) and 28 healthy subjects. In lung cancer patients a significant reduction of gluconeogenic amino acids, threonine, serine, glycine and a significant increase of free tryptophan and glutamic acid was found. In breast cancer patients a significant increase of ornithine, glutamic acid and free tryptophan was found. The comparison of PFAA profiles between lung and breast cancer suggests that different tumors have a different influence on the host's PFAA pattern.
Deep ultraviolet emitting AlGaN quantum wells with high internal quantum efficiency (2009)

We report the development of Al0.7Ga0.3N/AlN quantum wells with high internal quantum efficiency. All samples had identical well and barrier thickness but the III/V flux ratio was varied during growth by increasing the Ga flux. The luminescence spectra show single peaks which vary from 220 nm (III/V∼1) to 250 nm (III/V⪢1) with internal quantum efficiency varying from 5% to 50%, respectively. To account for these results, a growth model was proposed in which at III/V∼1 the growth proceeds via vapor phase epitaxy, while at III/V⪢1 the growth proceeds via liquid phase epitaxy.