gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Clinical Assessment of a Heat and Moisture Exchanger with a Multi-magnet Automatic Tracheostoma Valve (Provox FreeHands HME) for Vocal and Pulmonary Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy (2003)

The test results obtained with this new device show that its advanced features (obligatory HME and multi-magnet valve systems) offer additional benefits for further improving vocal and pulmonary rehabilitation after total laryngectomy.
Dictionary of Immunology (1990)

Immunology is one of the most rapidly expanding fields of biomedical research. More than other researchers, immunologists tend to use a private language that is frequently arcane and alien to other scientists and students. This reference work contains over 1000 definitions of terms used to describe the structure and function of antibody molecules, complement proteins, cell receptors, cell types, transplantation antigens and mediators of immunologic reactions. The terms of the clinical immunologist are also featured in order to help students and physicians who are not acquainted with the immunology literature.
Expression of a minimal K+ channel protein in mammalian cells and immunolocalization in guinea pig heart. (1993)

The minimal K+ channel protein (minK, also called IsK) is structurally dissimilar to other cloned voltage-gated ion channels. minK is a 15-kD polypeptide with only one potential transmembrane helix. Published data suggest that the current associated with minK expression in Xenopus oocytes may be related to the slow cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs). However, the fact that minK expression has been limited exclusively to Xenopus oocytes has caused continuing concern about the nature of this protein and its molecular link to known mammalian K+ channels. We report in the present study the first expression of minK activity in transiently transfected mammalian (HEK 293) cells and demonstrate that the characteristics of the expressed minK current are similar to those of IKs recorded from guinea pig heart cells under similar experimental conditions. We also show that an antibody directed against the minK channel protein reacts with a surface antigen on adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes and sinoatrial nodal cells, where IKs is the dominant outward K+ current. The data provide strong evidence that a minK-like protein underlies IKs.
Urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori detection: present status. (2005)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the commonest bacterial pathogen found worldwide and more than half the world population aged 40 years and above is colonized with it. The infection rate is >95 % in some African countries. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on cancer classified H. pylori as a class I carcinogen in humans. It causes chronic active gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastric malignancy, and is thought to be associated with coronary artery disease, cerebral stroke, vitamin B12 and iron-deficiency anaemia, etc. Therefore, non-invasive test-and-treatment strategies are widely recommended in primary care settings. Conventionally, H. pylori infection can be diagnosed by invasive techniques using an upper gastrointestinal endoscope for obtaining multiple biopsies from different sites of the stomach for RUT, culture, histological examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), etc. and by non-invasive tests such as Urea breath test (UBT), stool antigen test and blood serology. At present, 13/14C-UBT is considered the test of choice for confirmation of H. pylori infection. The UBT is based on the principle, that isotopically labelled urea ingested by an H. pylori--infected patient is rapidly hydrolysed by the microbial urease. The released 13/14CO2 is absorbed across the mucous layer to the gastric mucosa and hence, excreted via the systemic circulation in the breath which is collected and measured. The non-hydrolysed urea is excreted completely in the urine within 3-4 days. 13C-UBT being non-radioactive, 13C-UBT can be used in pregnant women and children, and a user's license is not required. There is still no standard protocol accepted and followed internationally for this test. Although the methods are almost similar, various laboratories/clinics use variable tracer doses, test meals, timings and methods for breath collection, and different cut-off values, which make formal validation studies necessary. This review describes the present status of the UBT and its application in the detection of H. pylori infection.
Developmental Patterns of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7–36) Amide and Peptide-YY in Rat Pancreas and Gut (1991)

Glucagon-like peptide-(17-36) amide [GLP-1-(7-36) amide] and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) are both products of the enteroglucagon cell. To examine the changes occurring during development, we analyzed by RIA the pancreatic concentrations of these two peptides in fetal and neonatal rats. The levels obtained were compared with those of the classical islet hormones, insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon. The total hormone content of the pancreas increased with age for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. The amounts of GLP-1-(7-36) amide immunoreactivity (IR) and PYY, however, remained approximately constant in the 3-, 8-, and 30-day-old and adult pancreas. GLP-1-(7-36) amide IR showed only a single peak by gel chromatography, but further analysis by anion exchange chromatography showed that during the fetal period (-18 days) and 3 days postpartum GLP-1-(7-36) amide was the main product, whereas 30 days postpartum and in adult pancreas mainly GLP-1 and an intermediate form were found. Similar analyses of gut extracts revealed that only GLP-1-(7-36) amide is produced during intestinal development. The gut content of GLP-1-(7-36) amide IR and PYY IR increased approximately 100 times between the fetus and the 30-day-old rat. This study reveals a complex and specific regulation of posttranslational processing during maturation for these two peptides.
Impaired IFN-γ-Dependent Inflammatory Responses in Human Keratinocytes Overexpressing the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (2002)

Keratinocytes contribute relevantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases by expressing a variety of proinflammatory molecules, with T cell-derived IFN-gamma being the most potent keratinocyte activator. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 are negative regulators of IFN-gamma signaling and are induced in many cell types by IFN-gamma itself or by other cytokines. We show in this work that SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein mRNA were up-regulated by IFN-gamma in normal human keratinocytes, whereas only SOCS1 or SOCS1 and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein were induced by TNF-alpha or IL-4, respectively. SOCS1, SOCS2, and SOCS3 proteins were undetectable in healthy skin and highly expressed in the epidermis of psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis, but were only weakly expressed in atopic dermatitis skin. In keratinocytes transiently transfected with SOCS1 or SOCS3 the IFN-gamma-induced transactivation of an IFN-gamma-responsive reporter gene was markedly inhibited. SOCS1 and SOCS3 overexpression in keratinocyte stable clones inhibited IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of IFN-gammaR(alpha) and activation of STAT1 and STAT3. Furthermore, SOCS1 and, to a lesser extent, SOCS3 reduced membrane expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR, and release of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by keratinocyte clones promoted by IFN-gamma. SOCS1-expressing keratinocytes showed constitutively higher, but not IFN-gamma-inducible, IL-8 levels compared with SOCS2 and SOCS3 clones, and were resistant to IFN-gamma-mediated growth inhibition. Targeting keratinocyte SOCS1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to IFN-gamma-dependent skin diseases.
Dendritic Cells Loaded With Killed Allogeneic Melanoma Cells can Induce Objective Clinical Responses and MART-1 Specific CD8+ T-cell Immunity (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with killed allogeneic tumors can cross-prime tumor-specific naive CD8 T cells in vitro, thereby providing an option to overcome human leukocyte antigen restriction inherent to loading DC vaccines with peptides. We have vaccinated 20 patients with stage IV melanoma with autologous monocyte-derived DCs loaded with killed allogeneic Colo829 melanoma cell line. DCs were generated by culturing monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) and interleukin (IL-4) and activated by additional culture with tumor necrosis factor and CD40 ligand. A total of 8 vaccines were administered at monthly intervals. The first patient was accrued December 2002 and the last November 2003. Fourteen patients were alive at 12 months, 9 patients were alive at 24 months, and 8 patients are alive as of January 2006. The estimated median overall survival is 22.5 months with a range of 2 to 35.5 months. Vaccinations were safe and tolerable. They induced, in 2 patients who failed previous therapy, durable objective clinical responses, 1 complete regression (CR) and 1 partial regression (PR) lasting 18 and 23 months, respectively. Three out of 13 analyzed patients showed T-cell immunity to melanoma antigen recognized by autologous T cells (MART-1) tissue differentiation antigen. Two of 3 patients showed improved immune function after vaccinations demonstrated by improved secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma or T-cell proliferation in response to MART-1 derived peptides. In one of these patients, vaccination led to elicitation of CD8 T-cell immunity specific to a novel peptide-derived from MART-1 antigen, suggesting that cross-priming/presentation of melanoma antigens by DC vaccine had occurred. Thus, the present results justify the design of larger follow-up studies to assess the clinical response to DC vaccines loaded with killed allogeneic tumor cells in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Bacterial Ghosts Are an Efficient Delivery System for DNA Vaccines (2004)

Abstract Mass implementation of DNA vaccines is hindered by the requirement of high plasmid dosages and poor immunogenicity. We evaluated the capacity of Mannheimia haemolytica ghosts as delivery system for DNA vaccines. In vitro studies showed that bacterial ghosts loaded with a plasmid carrying the green fluorescent protein-encoding gene (pEGFP-N1) are efficiently taken up by APC, thereby leading to high transfection rates (52–60%). Vaccination studies demonstrated that ghost-mediated delivery by intradermal or i.m. route of a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the gene coding for β-galactosidase under the control of the CMV immediate early gene promoter (pCMVβ) stimulates more efficient Ag-specific humoral and cellular (CD4+ and CD8+) immune responses than naked DNA in BALB/c mice. The use of ghosts also allows modulating the major Th response from a mixed Th1/Th2 to a more dominant Th2 pattern. Intravenous immunization with dendritic cells loaded ex vivo with pCMVβ-containing ghosts also resulted in the elicitation of β-galactosidase-specific responses. This suggests that dendritic cells play an important role in the stimulation of immune responses when bacterial ghosts are used as a DNA delivery system. Bacterial ghosts not only target the DNA vaccine construct to APC, but also provide a strong danger signal, acting as natural adjuvants, thereby promoting efficient maturation and activation of dendritic cells. Thus, bacterial ghosts constitute a promising technology platform for the development of more efficient DNA vaccines.
Transformation-deficient mutants of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1989)

Seven transformation-deficient mutants of piliated, competent Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated by screening them for their inability to be transformed by chromosomal DNA after chemical mutagenesis. Three distinct classes of mutants were obtained, each of which was piliated, as determined by electron microscopy. One class exhibited abnormal colony morphology and was unable to take up DNA into a DNase-resistant state. A second class was morphologically normal and took up DNA into a DNase-resistant state normally, but was deficient in both chromosomal and plasmid transformation; mutations in these mutants may affect entry of DNA into the cell proper. A third class was similar to the second but was fully competent for plasmid transformation, suggesting that there was a defect in a late stage of chromosomal transformation.
The Double Auction Market Institutions, Theories, and Evidence (2018)

The double auction market institution - a survey, Dan Friedman automating the continuous double auction in practice - automated trade execution systems in financial markets, Ian Domowitz. Part 2 theories: theories of price formation and exchange in double oral auctions, David Easley and John Ledyard the Bayesian theory of the k-double auction, Mark Satterthwaite and Steven Williams design of efficient trading procedures, Robert Wilson. Part 3 evidence: behaviour of trading automata in a computerized double auction market, John Rust, John Miller, and Richard Palmer lower bounds for efficiency of surplus extraction in double auctions, Dhananjay Gode and Shyam Sunder some effects of restricting the electronic order book in an automated trade execution system, Tim Bollerslev and Ian Domowitz an empirical analysis of price formation in double auction markets, Tim Cason and Daniel Friedman buyers bid double auctions - preliminary experimental results, John Kagel and William Vogt designing a uniform-price double auction - an experimental evaluation, Kevin McCabe, Stephen Rassenti, and Vernon Smith on the anatomy of the nonfacilitating features of the double auction institution in conspiratorial markets, Laura Clauser and Charles Plott convergence in experimental double auctions for stochastically lived assets, Colin Camerer and Keith Weigelt liquidity and persistence of arbitrage in experimental options markets, John O'Brien and Sanjay Srivastava.
Hydrogen Exchange (1972)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
8 mRNA 5′ Cap-binding Protein elF4E and Control of Cell Growth (1996)

Modulation of translation rates accompanies major biological processes including proliferation, differentiation, and development. A general increase in the rate of translation is required for both entry into and transit through the cell cycle (Brooks 1977). Reentry of cells from the resting state, G 0 , into the cell cycle is effected by several extracellular stimuli. These stimuli include growth factors and hormones that activate multiple signaling pathways that enhance transcription and translation rates and stimulate cell proliferation. Several major signal transduction pathways have been elucidated, and many of the components that link extracellular receptors to the translational and transcriptional machineries have been characterized. Many of these components function in phosphorylation cascades. Translation rates increase in response to treatment with growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and mitogens (for reviews, see Rhoads 1991; Frederickson and Sonenberg 1993; Sonenberg 1993; Morris 1995). The list of translation components, whose involvement in control of cell growth has been documented, is large and expanding. These include the translation initiation factors (eIF, for eukaryotic initiation factor) eIF2, eIF2B, eIF4E, possibly eIF4B, eIF4G, and eIF3; the elongation factors eEF1 and eEF2; and the ribosomal protein S6. Evidence also exists in yeast that translation initiation controls G 1 progression, and mutations in several eIFs cause an early G 1 arrest (Brenner et al. 1988; Hartwell and McLaughlin 1968). The large number of eIFs implicated in control of cell growth indicates that the mechanisms by which translation rates modulate cell growth are highly complex and integrate the activities of numerous elements. Most of the control...
MORPH: A Longitudinal Image Database of Normal Adult Age-Progression. (2006)

This paper details MORPH a longitudinal face database developed for researchers investigating all facets of adult age-progression, e.g. face modeling, photo-realistic animation, face recognition, etc. This database contributes to several active research areas, most notably face recognition, by providing: the largest set of publicly available longitudinal images; longitudinal spans from a few months to over twenty years; and, the inclusion of key physical parameters that affect aging appearance. The direct contribution of this data corpus for face recognition is highlighted in the evaluation of a standard face recognition algorithm, which illustrates the impact that age-progression, has on recognition rates. Assessment of the efficacy of this algorithm is evaluated against the variables of gender and racial origin. This work further concludes that the problem of age-progression on face recognition (FR) is not unique to the algorithm used in this work.
Steam pressure disruption of municipal solid waste enhances anaerobic digestion kinetics and biogas yield (2001)

Biomass waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW), contains lignocellulosic-containing fiber components that are not readily available as substrates for anaerobic digestion due to the physical shielding of cellulose imparted by the nondigestible lignin. Consequently, a substantial portion of the potentially available carbon is not converted to methane and the incompletely digested residues from anaerobic digestion generally require additional processing prior to their return to the environment. We investigated and developed steam pressure disruption as a treatment step to render lignocellulosic-rich biomass more digestible and as a means for increasing methane energy recovery. The rapid depressurization after steam heating (240 degrees C, 5 min.) of the nondigested residues following a 30-day primary digestion of MSW caused a visible disruption of fibers and release of soluble organic components. The disrupted material, after reinoculation, provided a rapid burst in methane production at rates double those observed in the initial digestion. This secondary digestion proceeded without a lag phase in gas production, provided approximately 40% additional methane yields, and was accompanied by a approximately 40% increase in volatile solids reduction. The secondary digestate was found to be enriched in lignin and significantly depleted in cellulose and hemi-cellulose components when compared to primary digestate. Thus, steam pressure disruption treatment rendered lignocellulosic substrates readily accessible to anaerobic digestion bacteria and improved both the kinetics of biogas production and the overall methane yield from MSW. Steam pressure disruption is central to a new anaerobic digestion process approach including sequential digestion stages and integrated energy recovery, to improve process yields, provide cogenerated energy for process needs, and to provide effective reuse and recycling of waste biomass materials.
Examination of the calcium‐modulated protein S100α and its target proteins in adult and developing skeletal muscle (1991)

In this study radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, Northern blot analysis, and a gel overlay technique have been used to examine the level, subcellular distribution, and potential target proteins of the S100 family of calcium-modulated proteins in adult and developing rat skeletal muscles. Adult rat muscles contained high levels of S100 proteins but the particular form present was dependent on the muscle type: cardiac muscle contained exclusively S100 alpha, slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers contained predominantly S100 alpha, vascular smooth muscle contained both S100 alpha and S100 beta, and fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers contained low but detectable levels of S100 alpha and S100 beta. While the distribution of S100 mRNAs paralled the protein distribution in all muscles there was no direct correlation between the mRNA and protein levels in different muscle types, suggesting that S100 protein expression is differentially regulated in different muscle types. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular distribution of S100 proteins in adult skeletal muscles revealed that S100 alpha staining was associated with muscle cells, while S100 beta staining was associated with nonmuscle cells. Radioimmunoassays of developing rat skeletal muscles demonstrated that all developing muscles contained low levels of S100 alpha at postnatal day 1 and that as development proceeded the S100 alpha levels increased. In contrast to adult muscle S100 alpha expression was confined to fast-twitch fibers in developing skeletal muscle until postnatal day 21. At postnatal day 1, developing contractile elements were S100 alpha positive, but no staining periodicity was detectable. At postnatal day 21, S100 alpha exhibited the same subcellular localization as seen in the adult: colocalization with the A-band and/or longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Comparison of the S100 alpha-binding protein profiles in fast- and slow-twitch fibers of various species revealed few, if any, species- or fiber type-specific S100 binding proteins. Isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions and myofibrils contained multiple S100 alpha-binding proteins. The colocalization of S100 alpha and S100 alpha-binding proteins with the contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum suggest that S100 alpha may regulate excitation and/or contraction in slow-twitch fibers.
Potential Role of Chitotriosidase Gene in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Evolution (2006)

These results suggest that CHIT over-produced by Kupffer cells may contribute to the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
Nasal and Sinus Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2007)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that as many as 75% of patients with COPD have concomitant nasal symptoms and more than 1/3 of patients with sinusitis also have lower airway symptoms of asthma or COPD. Because the inflammatory response of the upper and lower airways are similar, and both sites have a similar exposure to allergens and irritants, it is not surprising that rhinitis or sinusitis would coexist with COPD. Possible mechanisms of combined upper and lower airway dysfunction include the so-called nasal-bronchial reflex, inflammation caused by smoking, mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction, and pulmonary aspiration of nasal contents. Patients with chronic sinusitis commonly have nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, suggesting a neural reflex. Postnasal drainage of nasal inflammatory mediators during sleep also may increase lower airway responsiveness. Therapy of nasal and sinus disease is associated with improved pulmonary function in patients with COPD.
Rational and Combinatorial Design of Peptide Capping Ligands for Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

Based on protein folding considerations, a pentapeptide ligand, CALNN, which converts citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles into extremely stable, water-soluble gold nanoparticles with some chemical properties analogous to those of proteins, has been designed. These peptide-capped gold nanoparticles can be freeze-dried and stored as powders that can be subsequently redissolved to yield stable aqueous dispersions. Filtration, size-exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, and centrifugation can be applied to these particles. The effect of 58 different peptide sequences on the electrolyte-induced aggregation of the nanoparticles was studied. The stabilities conferred by these peptide ligands depended on their length, hydrophobicity, and charge and in some cases resulted in further improved stability compared with CALNN, yielding detailed design criteria for peptide capping ligands. A simple strategy for the introduction of recognition groups is proposed and demonstrated with biotin and Strep-tag II.