gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticardiolipin antibodies in leptospirosis. (1991)

The clinical course and serology of 16 cases of leptospirosis in an area with an unusually high endemic infection rate were studied to gain further insight into the pathology of the secondary immune phase that is typical of the disease. IgG anticardiolipin antibody concentrations were measured by immunoassay and found to be increased in eight serologically confirmed cases with severe complicated disease, compared with eight patients with relatively uncomplicated leptospirosis who had IgG anticardiolipin concentrations within the control reference range. This previously unreported association suggests that leptospira may induce vascular endothelial injury in severe cases and expose crypt antigens or induce conformational change of cell surface phospholipids. Leptospirosis may provide a model for an infective origin of some cases of the antiphospholipid syndrome.
On-chip tunable photonic delay line (2019)

An on-chip tunable photonic delay line is a key building block for applications including sensing, imaging, and optical communication. However, achieving long and tunable delay lines within a small footprint remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip tunable photonic delay line using ultralow loss high confinement Si3N4 waveguides with integrated microheaters. As an example of potential application, we embed a 0.4 m delay line within an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. We show that the delay line can extend the OCT imaging range by 0.6 mm while maintaining a high signal to noise ratio. Our tunable photonic delay line is achieved without any moving parts which could provide high stability, critical for interference based applications.
Hepsin, a cell surface serine protease identified in hepatoma cells, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. (1997)

Extracellular proteases mediate the digestion of neighboring extracellular matrix components in initial tumor growth, allow shedding or desquamation of tumor cells into the surrounding environment, provide the basis for invasion of basement membranes in target metastatic organs, and are required for release and activation of many growth and angiogenic factors. We identified overexpression of the serine protease hepsin gene in ovarian carcinomas and investigated the expression of this gene in 44 ovarian tumors (12 low malignant potential tumors and 32 carcinomas) and 10 normal ovaries. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the relative expression of hepsin compared to that of beta-tubulin. The mRNA expression levels of hepsin were significantly elevated in 7 of 12 low malignant potential tumors and in 27 of 32 carcinomas. On Northern blot analysis, the hepsin transcript was abundant in carcinoma but was almost never expressed in normal adult tissue, including normal ovary. Our results suggest that hepsin is frequently overexpressed in ovarian tumors and therefore may be a candidate protease in the invasive process and growth capacity of ovarian tumor cells.
The introduction of reporter groups at multiple and/or specific sites in DNA containing phosphorothioate diesters. (1989)

DNA fragments containing phosphorothioate diesters provide nucleophilic sites which are amenable to labeling by spin labels or fluorophores. Selecting the position for an individual phosphorothioate diester allows highly specific placement of the reporter group. The substitution of a phosphorothioate diester for each and every internucleotidic phosphodiester allows the incorporation of multiple reporter groups; ideally one for each nucleoside residue. With the use of multiple fluorophores a post-assay fluorescent labeling technique has been developed which allows the detection of DNA fragments with the "naked-eye" in the low femtomolar (10(-15) moles) range.
A microprocessor-based implantable telemetry system (1991)

The design methodology of an intelligent system for implantable biotelemetry instruments based on a modular set of CMOS chips connected by a specialized serial bus is described. General system requirements are discussed, and an overview of the system is given. The design of the serial buses, custom microprocessor, bidirectional telemetry chip, and sensor interface is described. Clock requirements are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Handbook of Radical Polymerization (2002)

Introduction (Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Thomas P. Davis). Contributors. 1. Theory of Radical Reactions (Johan P. A. Heuts). 2. Small Radical Chemistry (Martin Newcomb). 3. General Chemistry of Radical Polymerization (Bunichiro Yamada and Per B. Zetterlund). 4. The Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerization (Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Philipp Vana, and Thomas P. Davis). 5. Copolymerization Kinetics (Michelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis). 6. Heterogeneous Systems (Alex M. van Herk and Michael Monteiro). 7. Industrial Applications and Processes (Michael Cunningham and Robin Hutchinson). 8. General Concepts and History of Living Radical Polymerization (Krzysztof Matyjaszewski). 9. Kinetics of Living Radical Polymerization (Takeshi Fukuda, Atsushi Goto, and Yoshinobu Tsujii). 10. Nitroxide Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Craig J. Hawker). 11. Fundamentals of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Jianhui Xia). 12. Control of Free Radical Polymerization by Chain Transfer Methods (John Chiefari and Ezio Rizzardo). 13. Control of Stereochemistry of Polymers in Radical Polymerization (Akikazu Matsumoto). 14. Macromolecular Engineering by Controlled Radical Polymerization (Yves Gnanou and Daniel Taton). 15. Experimental Procedures and Techniques for Radical Polymerization (Stefan A. F. Bon and David M. Haddleton). 16. Future Outlook and Perspectives (Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Thomas P. Davis). Index.
A cell surface receptor complex for collagen type I recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. (1987)

To isolate collagen-binding cell surface proteins, detergent extracts of surface-iodinated MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were chromatographed on affinity matrices of either type I collagen-Sepharose or Sepharose carrying a collagen-like triple-helical peptide. The peptide was designed to be triple helical and to contain the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, which has been implicated as the cell attachment site of fibronectin, vitronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor, and is also present in type I collagen. Three radioactive polypeptides having apparent molecular masses of 250 kD, 70 kD, and 30 kD were distinguishable in that they showed affinity toward the collagen and collagen-like peptide affinity columns, and could be specifically eluted from these columns with a solution of an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Pro. These collagen-binding polypeptides associated with phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and the resulting liposomes bound specifically to type I collagen or the collagen-like peptide but not to fibronectin or vitronectin or heat-denatured collagen. The binding of these liposomes to type I collagen could be inhibited with the peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Pro and with EDTA, but not with a variant peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser-Pro. We conclude from these data that these three polypeptides are membrane molecules that behave as a cell surface receptor (or receptor complex) for type I collagen by interacting with it through the Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide adhesion signal. The lack of binding to denatured collagen suggests that the conformation of the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence is important in the recognition of collagen by the receptor complex.
Rational approach to treatment options for Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (2011)

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an intractable childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure freedom is rare in LGS. One of the hallmarks of LGS is medical intractability, with generally poor response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Nevertheless, several treatment options are available that can mitigate the severity of seizures and curtail their frequency. New AEDs have been validated in randomized, controlled trials for the treatment of seizures in LGS. In some cases, nonpharmacologic options may be effective, although more data are needed to confirm efficacy outcomes. Comprehensive patient assessments are critical to achieve an optimal AED treatment regimen and minimize the potential for adverse effects.
The Use of Biomarkers in Early Diagnostics of Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies with increasing incidence. The poor prognosis is due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, late detection, and the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A radical surgery procedure is the only treatment that has been shown to improve the 5-year survival rate to 20-25%. However, the majority of patients (80-85%) are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and just 15-20% patients are diagnosed in an early stage allowing them to undergo the potentially curative surgical resection. The early detection of PDAC without the use of invasive methods is challenging and discovery of a cost-effective biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity could significantly improve the treatment and survival in these patients. In this review, we summarize current and newly examined biomarkers in early PDAC detection.
Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite (1992)

This memo changes and clarifies some aspects of the semantics of the
Type of Service octet in the Internet Protocol (IP) header.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
Tear MMP-9 Levels as a Marker of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Conjunctivochalasis (2013)

Our results indicate that inflammation is likely to play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis. Appropriate surgery decreases inflammatory activity, leading to symptom improvement, and tear analysis may facilitate the treatment of the ocular surface.
Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994)

Various autoantibodies are found in systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are the most pathognomonic and among the most extensively studied. Genetic studies of these antibodies and their idiotypes suggest that high-affinity IgG anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are produced by a process of somatic mutation and clonal expansion favoring sequences with accumulated positively charged amino acids in the complementarity-determining regions. The antigens that trigger this process are not known, but recent studies have suggested that a DNA-protein complex may be implicated. At the tissue level, these antibodies may react directly with membrane proteins or indirectly via complexes with DNA, histones, and heparan sulfate. Serologic studies have sought to establish links between clinical features and the presence of particular non-DNA-binding autoantibodies. Of particular interest have been antibodies to proteins with nucleic acid-binding potential, such as Sm, SS-A (Ro), and SS-B (La).
Major heat shock gene of Drosophila and the Escherichia coli heat-inducible dnaK gene are homologous. (1984)

The Escherichia coli dnaK gene is homologous to the major heat shock-induced gene in Drosophila (Hsp70). The primary DNA sequence of the entire protein-coding region of the dnaK gene was determined and compared with that of the Hsp70 gene of Drosophila. The two sequences are homologous; the dnaK gene could encode a 69,121-Da polypeptide, 48% identical to the hsp70 protein of Drosophila. The homology between the Hsp70 gene of Drosophila and the E. coli dnaK gene illustrates the remarkable conservation of the heat shock genes in evolution. In contrast to Drosophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both of which contain multigene families related to the Hsp70 gene, hybridization analyses indicate that E. coli contains only a single Hsp70-related gene, dnaK. Hybridization between the DNA of an archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri and the Hsp70 genes of Drosophila, Saccharomyces, and E. coli has been detected, suggesting the existence of Hsp70-related genes in the three "primary kingdoms": eukaryotes, eubacteria, and archaebacteria.
Neuronal calcium channel antagonists. Discrimination between calcium channel subtypes using .omega.-conotoxin from Conus magus venom (1987)

The omega-conotoxins from the venom of fish-hunting cone snails are probably the most useful of presently available ligands for neuronal Ca channels from vertebrates. Two of these peptide toxins, omega-conotoxins MVIIA and MVIIB from the venom of Conus magus, were purified. The amino acid sequences show significant differences from omega-conotoxins from Conus geographus. Total synthesis of omega-conotoxin MVIIA was achieved, and biologically active radiolabeled toxin was produced by iodination. Although omega-conotoxins from C. geographus (GVIA) and C. magus (MVIIA) appear to compete for the same sites in mammalian brain, in amphibian brain the high-affinity binding of omega-conotoxin MVIIA has narrower specificity. In this system, it is demonstrated that a combination of two omega-conotoxins can be used for biochemically defining receptor subtypes and suggested that these correspond to subtypes of neuronal Ca2+ channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Fabrication and Applications of Polymer Nanochannels and Nonoslits (2011)

Abstract Review: 257 refs.
Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation of Nitroalkanes (2001)

A general protocol for the Pd-catalyzed-arylation of nitroalkanes is described. Substituted aryl bromides as well as aryl chlorides can be coupled efficiently with a variety of nitroalkanes under mild conditions to selectively yield the monoarylated products. This method tolerates a number of functional groups including ketones, esters, and olefins. Notably, the arylation of nitroalkanes can be effected chemoselectively over ketone and ester arylation.
B lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling: initiation, amplification, and regulation (2013)

B lymphocytes and their differentiated daughters are charged with responding to the myriad pathogens in our environment and production of protective antibodies. A sample of the protective antibody produced by each clone is utilized as a component of the cell's antigen receptor (BCR). Transmembrane signals generated upon antigen binding to this receptor provide the primary directive for the cell's subsequent response. In this report, we discuss recent progress and current controversy regarding B cell receptor signal initiation, transduction and regulation.
Polymer-based electrospray chips for mass spectrometry (1999)

In this paper, we present our development of a MEMS chip with an overhanging polymer microcapillary 2.5 mm in length and with a 5 /spl mu/m/spl times/10 /spl mu/m orifice size at the tip. The fabricated chips have been successfully interfaced with a mass spectrometer (MS) to validate electrospray ionization (ESI) for biochemical analysis. The prediction of a reduction in Taylor cone size has also been observed with real time ESI fluid visualization from our chip. Built-in micro particle filters and centimeter long serpentine microchannels were fabricated on the chip with a low temperature process by using the Parylene polymer as a structural material, aluminum and photoresist as sacrificial layers, and bromine trifluoride (BrF/sub 3/) gas phase etching for final microcapillary releasing. The use of an overhanging polymer structure adds a new a level of mechanical robustness that was never achievable with other thin films. Functionality of our device was proven by consistent detection of myoglobin in a 200 nM solution at a flow rate of 35 nL/min and a voltage potential of 1.5 kV. This MS interface chip represents vital and significant improvements in MEMS process technology and MS functionality with respect to the silicon nitride (Si/sub x/N/sub y/) ESI nozzles previously reported.
Early diagnostic and prognostic significance of a specific Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern in children with haemophagocytic syndrome (2008)

The haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a rare but frequently fatal disorder of immune regulation caused by hypercytokinemia. Using cytometric bead array technique, the serum T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) cytokines including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 were determined in 24 children with de novo HPS and 87 children as control. The median levels of serum IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-6 in the acute phase of HPS were 901.7, 879.0 and 63.8 pg/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those after remission, and in the healthy volunteers and patients with viral infection. IL-4 was slightly elevated while IL-2 and TNF were within normal range in acute phase. Patients with bacterial sepsis showed an extremely high level of IL-6 and moderate level of IL-10, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly elevated. Five patients were diagnosed with HPS according to the Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern 3-13 d earlier than they fulfilled the relevant diagnostic criteria. IL-10 level >2000 pg/ml was an unfavorable prognostic factor for HPS treatment response (P = 0.033) and outcome (P = 0.009). We conclude that the significant increase of IFN-gamma and IL-10 and a slightly increased level of IL-6 is an early, specific and prognostic cytokine pattern for childhood HPS.
Single-electron phenomena in semiconductors (1996)

The study of single-electron phenomena associated with tunnelling in semiconductor nanostructures has emerged in recent years as a major forefront of condensed matter physics, whose implications range from fundamental physics to electronic device applications. This paper presents a tutorial review of the subject, with emphasis on the role of single-electron charging in such semiconductor `quantum dots'. The main purpose is to describe the various phenomena observed in these experiments and to present the theoretical understanding of these phenomena in an introductory fashion. The paper attempts to explain the underlying physics at the intuitive level and tries to draw, as much as possible, a unifying perspective on a relatively large body of knowledge acquired within a short time by the conjunction of many individual contributions.
Regulation of theMEToncogene: molecular mechanisms (2016)

The MET oncogene is a predictive biomarker and an attractive therapeutic target for various cancers. Its expression is regulated at multiple layers via various mechanisms. It is subject to epigenetic modifications, i.e. DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Hypomethylation and acetylation of the MET gene have been associated with its high expression in some cancers. Multiple transcription factors including Sp1 and Ets-1 govern its transcription. After its transcription, METmRNA is spliced into multiple species in the nucleus before being transported to the cytoplasm where its translation is modulated by at least 30 microRNAs and translation initiation factors, e.g. eIF4E and eIF4B. METmRNA produces a single chain pro-Met protein of 170 kDa which is cleaved into α and β chains. These two chains are bound together through disulfide bonds to form a heterodimer which undergoes either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus before it is properly localized in the membrane. Upon interactions with its ligand, i.e. hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the activity of Met kinase is boosted through various phosphorylation mechanisms and the Met signal is relayed to downstream pathways. The phosphorylated Met is then internalized for subsequent degradation or recycle via proteasome, lysosome or endosome pathways. Moreover, the Met expression is subject to autoregulation and activation by other EGFRs and G-protein coupled receptors. Since deregulation of the MET gene leads to cancer and other pathological conditions, a better understanding of the MET regulation is critical for Met-targeted therapeutics.
Symptom scores as measures of the severity of rhinitis (1988)

Methodological aspects of subjective symptom ratings were investigated in 103 symptomatic rhinitis patients. The patient's own overall rating registered on a visual analogue scale was compared with a summed symptom score calculated from ratings of sneezing, rhinorrhea and congestion. A significant correlation, but not complete correspondence, was found in patients with untreated rhinitis during the birch pollen season and after challenges with birch pollen or histamine. Comparisons between the overall rating and scores for individual symptoms gave lower degrees of correlation or non-significant correlations. When twenty-five patients were treated with an intranasal corticosteroid during the pollen season, both the overall rating and the summed symptom score decreased significantly. The changes in the two ratings for each patient showed a moderate correlation. The patients' ratings of rhinorrhea correlated with an approximate measure of the volume of secretion after pollen challenge but not during the pollen season or after histamine challenge. It is recommended on the basis of these findings that, for measuring the severity of rhinitis, scores indicating the course of individual symptoms should not be combined into a summed score, but that the patient's overall rating of the condition should be used. Scores for individual symptoms can be used to draw more detailed conclusions about nasal pathophysiological features and about qualitative disimilarities between different modes of therapy.