gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restriction to human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro removed by physiological levels of cortisol (1989)

Since viral infection is in most cases contrary to the survival of the host cell, it is reasonable to assume that cells possess innate viral replication inhibitory mechanisms. Even between strains of permissive cells, degrees of permissiveness are observed. Restriction to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in vitro is well known, especially in epithelioid cells or cells derived from certain organs. We have studied restriction in a fibroblastic strain of human embryonic kidney cells. By treatment of cell cultures with maximum physiologic concentration of the hormone cortisol (25 micrograms%) both pre and post virus inoculation, susceptibility to laboratory strain Ad169 CMV and low-passaged clinical isolate JSS CMV was enhanced by factors of 6.4 +/- 0.7 and 11.1 +/- 0.4, respectively; effectively converting these cells to a totally permissive state. A linear dose response, which peaks at 25 micrograms% and declines thereafter up to 300 micrograms%, is evident for both virus strains in this enhancement system. Breakdown of restriction increases in linear fashion with increasing time of cortisol pretreatment of cells. The characterization of cortisol effects converting restrictive human fetal cells in vitro to the permissive state further indicates that human hormones may play a significant role in CMV susceptibility in vivo.
ATRP Synthesis of Thermally Responsive Molecular Brushes from Oligo(ethylene oxide) Methacrylates (2007)

Molecular brushes consisting of statistical copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO2MA) and tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO3MA) were synthesized by grafting from poly(2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate (PBIEM) macroinitiators using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) providing copolymers with controlled composition and molecular weights ranging from Mn = 601 500 to 2 731 000 with polydispersity indexes (Mw/Mn) between 1.06 and 1.20. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the brushes increased with the mole fraction of MEO3MA in the side chain, and the hysteresis between the heating and cooling cycles decreased with the length of the side chain. Brush copolymers with different graft density were also prepared, and the average hydrodynamic diameter, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), varied with temperature above the LCST, and the maximum diameter of the aggregates increased according to the graft density of side chain along the brush backbone. These two monomers were also incorporated into side chain block copolymer brushes by ATRP. The cloud point of the block brushes solution displayed two stages of aggregation during heating, exhibiting the results of both intermolecular and intramolecular aggregation. This behavior was strongly dependent on the sequence of the side chain segments. As the temperature increased, particles consisting of collapsed PMEO2MA and PMEO3MA segments aggregated upon further heating to precipitate as larger particles.
Primary Structure of ϰ Light Chain from a Human Myeloma Protein (1974)

The primary structure of the light chain of myeloma protein Car was studied. The light chain was fully reduced and alkylated with iodo[ 14 C]acetic acid and digested with trypsin. The tryptic peptides were purified and sequenced. Peptides that overlapped the tryptic peptides were isolated from a peptic digest. The object was primarily to sequence the variable part of the chain, whereas the peptides of the constant part were only partially sequenced. The amino acid sequence of the variable part coincides with the basic sequence of the ϰIb subgroup, except for few substitutions. Some of the above‐mentioned substitutions are unique and some have been observed already in other ϰI chains. Two unusual features of this light chain are the presence of carbohydrate covalently bound to the asparagine residue occupying position 28 and the deletion of one amino acid at position 95.
Staphylococcus epidermidis--hospital epidemiology and the detection of methicillin resistance. (1993)

Infections in immunocompromised patients and in patients with indwelling prosthetic devices are often caused by hospital strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to methicillin. Tests for the detection of methicillin resistance, indicating resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics, were evaluated in order to define a suitable screening test. A broth tube breakpoint test with a large inoculum, 10(7) colony forming units (cfu), gave the highest recovery of resistant strains. False resistance due to hyperproduction of beta-lactamase was excluded. The results correlated completely with the detection of the resistance gene, mecA, by the polymerase chain reaction. In 2/3 of the resistant strains tested the expression of the methicillin resistance was heterogeneous, only one cell in 10(2) to 10(4) expressed the resistance within 72 h in both. In broth screening tests an inoculum of at least 10(6) cfu therefore was required to detect all resistant strains within 24 h. Using agar dilution, 48 h incubation must be considered. In disc diffusion tests reliable results were obtained after only 16 h of incubation when discs containing cephradine 5 and 30 micrograms, oxacillin 1 microgram or cephalexin 30 micrograms were used, and the first disc is recommended for routine work. The epidemiology of S. epidermidis strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or gentamicin was studied in an isolation unit for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Antibiograms and plasmids were used for typing and 31 such strains were found. Of 54 staff members 10 were colonized in the nares only, two in the nares and perineum and one in the nares and stool. In ambient air and on the clothes of staff a few of the strains predominated quantitatively. These strains colonized the skin of some of the patients who seemed to be the main dispersers. Possible routes of cross-infection were indirect contact transfer via the hands and clothes of staff (82% of the clothes were contaminated), and direct as well as indirect airborne transmission. To study the effects of chlorhexidine on skin bacteria, ten nurses washed one arm with chlorhexidine-detergent every morning for 3 weeks; the other arm served as control. The depression of the normal skin flora did not lead to a colonization with more antibiotic-resistant hospital strains. During the wash period the counts of antibiotic-resistant S. epidermidis on the treated arms were significantly reduced compared with the control arms, as also were the number of different strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
MIS and the Problem of Decoupling in E-Government Reforms (2005)

Abstract. This paper investigates the concept of decoupling in neo- institutional theory. Through a case analysis of the development of a Management Information System (MIS) in a local health care organization in Norway, I analyzed processes of coupling-decoupling occurring during the process of development. I found that the theoretical dichotomy between the symbolic and technological inherent in the concept of decoupling conceals the relational connections between them. Using Actor-Network Theory I argue that decoupling can be considered a special case of coupling. I conclude, that to understand e-government reforms, we have to move beyond the dominant notion of IT as an enabling role. Power and politics are involved in the process of development and use. We have to take seriously that the recognition of IT as a tool is a very dominant notion and that in practice it is not easily considered as a resource invested in and used by the actors within their ongoing power game. This should be an element in our analysis. If it is not, we turn into researchers in the hand of those who need IT to enhance their interests.
Evaluation of a Recombinant Hemagglutinin Expressed in Insect Cells as an Influenza Vaccine in Young and Elderly Adults (1996)

Healthy subjects <45 years old (young adults) or >65 (elderly adults) were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive intramuscularly subvirion trivalent influenza vaccine, placebo, or 15, 45, or 135 microgram of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza A/Beijing/32/92 (H3N2) virus expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus (rHA0). All vaccines were well tolerated. Both young and elderly adults manifested serum hemagglutination-inhibition, virus neutralizing, and HA-specific IgG ELISA antibody responses to rHA0 vaccine. In young adults given 135 microgram of rHA0, the vaccine was significantly more immunogenic than subvirion influenza vaccine. Elderly adults also had increased antibody responses to 135 microgram of rHA0 compared with subvirion vaccine, but the difference was not statistically significant. These results demonstrate that high-dose rHA0 vaccines are well tolerated and effectively induce both functional and binding serum HA-specific antibody in young and elderly adults.
Increased density of peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites in ovarian carcinomas as compared with benign ovarian tumours and normal ovaries (1990)

1. Benzodiazepines are involved in the control of proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant cells in vitro. This regulatory ability is probably mediated via peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites. 2. In the present study we compared the binding characteristics of peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma with those in benign ovarian tumours and normal ovaries. 3. The affinity and density of peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites in homogenate preparations of ovarian carcinoma as compared with benign ovarian tumours and with normal tissues (used as controls) were determined using a ligand specific for peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites, [3H]PK 11195, an isoquinoline carboxamide derivative. 4. We observed a robust (three- to five-fold) increase in the neoplasm compared with benign ovarian tumours and normal tissues, without a concomitant change in affinity values. 5. This finding may reflect a change in the metabolic rates of ovarian cancer which is expressed as the alteration in the density of peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites.
Antibody-mediated in vitro neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 abolishes infectivity for chimpanzees (1990)

This study was undertaken to establish whether antibody directed against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) principal gp120 type-specific neutralization determinant can abolish the infectivity of HIV-1 in chimpanzees. Challenge inocula of the IIIb virus isolate were mixed in vitro with either immunoglobulin G (IgG) from an uninfected chimpanzee, nonneutralizing IgG from an HIV-seropositive human, a virus-neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody directed against the HIV-1 IIIb isolate, or virus-neutralizing IgG from a chimpanzee infected with the IIIb isolate. Both neutralizing antibodies were directed against the principal neutralization determinant of the challenge isolate. Establishment of infection following inoculation of each virus-antibody mixture into chimpanzees was assessed by virus-specific antibody development and by virus isolation. No protective effect was noted either with the control IgG or with the nonneutralizing anti-HIV IgG. By contrast, the polyclonal chimpanzee virus-neutralizing IgG prevented HIV-1 in vivo infection, while the neutralizing monoclonal antibody notably decreased the infectivity of the challenge virus. Hence, antibody to the gp120 principal neutralization determinant is able both to prevent HIV-1 infection in vitro and to inhibit infection in vivo.
Reversed propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in left-handed materials (2008)

On the basis of angular spectrum representation, the reversed propagation dynamics of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam in left-handed materials (LHMs) is presented. We show that the negative phase velocity gives rise to a reversed screw of the wave front, and ultimately leads to a reversed rotation of the optical vortex. Furthermore, the negative Gouy-phase shift causes an inverse spiral of the Poynting vector. It is found that the Laguerre-Gaussian beam in LHMs will present the same propagation characteristics as the counterpart with opposite topological charges in regular right-handed materials (RHMs). The momentum conservation theorem ensures that the tangential component of the wave momentum at the RHM-LHM boundary is conserved. It is shown that although the linear momentum reverses its direction, the angular momentum remains unchanged.
Analysis of Pulsed THz Imaging Using Optical Character Recognition (2008)

Using a reflection-based pulsed THz imaging system built upon our ErAs:GaAs photoconductive switch and a gated receiver, we quantify image quality at different detection bands (centered at 100, 400, and 600 GHz). Zero-bias Schottky diode detectors mounted in various waveguide sizes are used to tune the operational frequency bands of the imaging system, while the rest of the imaging system remains unchanged. The image quality is quantified by applying an optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm on THz images of 8-by-10 mm copper letters on a fiberglass substrate. Using the OCR success rate as a metric, we see a fivefold improvement in image quality from a 400 GHz to a 600 GHz imaging system, while our 100 GHz images do not produce any correct OCR results. In a comparison experiment performed at 600 GHz, the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is degraded by placing increasing numbers of denim sheets (5.4 dB decrease in signal per layer) into the beam path. We find that the OCR success rate is roughly constant from one sheet to four sheets of denim (33-25 dB SNR) and then drops off sharply starting at five denim sheets.
A correlation of the visible and Soret spectra of dioxygen- and carbon monoxide-heme complexes and five-coordinate heme complexes with the spectra of oxy-, carboxy-, and deoxyhemoglobins (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA correlation of the visible and Soret spectra of dioxygen- and carbon monoxide-heme complexes and five-coordinate heme complexes with the spectra of oxy-, carboxy-, and deoxyhemoglobinsChi-Ming Wang and William S. BrinigarCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 22, 4960–4977Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00589a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00589a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Photoluminescence Efficiency and Optically Pumped Lasing in Solution-Processed Mixed Halide Perovskite Semiconductors (2014)

The study of the photophysical properties of organic-metallic lead halide perovskites, which demonstrate excellent photovoltaic performance in devices with electron- and hole-accepting layers, helps to understand their charge photogeneration and recombination mechanism and unravels their potential for other optoelectronic applications. We report surprisingly high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies, up to 70%, in these solution-processed crystalline films. We find that photoexcitation in the pristine CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite results in free charge carrier formation within 1 ps and that these free charge carriers undergo bimolecular recombination on time scales of 10s to 100s of ns. To exemplify the high luminescence yield of the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite, we construct and demonstrate the operation of an optically pumped vertical cavity laser comprising a layer of perovskite between a dielectric mirror and evaporated gold top mirrors. These long carrier lifetimes together with exceptionally high luminescence yield are unprecedented in such simply prepared inorganic semiconductors, and we note that these properties are ideally suited for photovoltaic diode operation.
The Clinical Features of Sclerosteosis (1976)

Sclerosteosis is a unique autosomal recessive condition in which skeletal overgrowth is associated with syndactyly and digital malformation. Analysis of the course and clinical features in 25 affected individuals showed that the condition is progressive and potentially lethal. Facial palsy and deafness are common complications and raised intracranial pressure may develop. The clinical and radiographic stigmata of sclerosteosis permit differentiation from the other disorders of the "osteopetrosis" or "Albers-Schönberg disease" group, in which bony thickening and cranial nerve palsy occur.
Centimeter scale atomic force microscope imaging and lithography (1998)

We present a 4 mm2 image taken with a parallel array of 10 cantilevers, an image spanning 6.4 mm taken with 32 cantilevers, and lithography over a 100 mm2 area using an array of 50 cantilevers. All of these results represent scan areas that are orders of magnitude larger than that of a typical atomic force microscope (0.01 mm2). Previously, the serial nature and limited scan size of the atomic force microscope prevented large scale imaging. Our design addresses these issues by using a modular micromachined parallel atomic force microscope array in conjunction with large displacement scanners. High-resolution microscopy and lithography over large areas are important for many applications, but especially in microelectronics, where integrated circuit chips typically have nanometer scale features distributed over square centimeter areas.
The human mannose-binding protein functions as an opsonin. (1989)

The human mannose-binding protein (MBP) is a multimeric serum protein that is divided into three domains: a cysteine-rich NH2-terminal domain that stabilizes the alpha-helix of the second collagen-like domain, and a third COOH-terminal carbohydrate binding region. The function of MBP is unknown, although a role in host defense is suggested by its ability to bind yeast mannans. In this report we show that native and recombinant human MBP can serve in an opsonic role in serum and thereby enhance clearance of mannose rich pathogens by phagocytes. MBP binds to wild-type virulent Salmonella montevideo that express a mannose-rich O-polysaccharide. Interaction of MBP with these organisms results in attachment, uptake, and killing of the opsonized bacteria by phagocytes. These results demonstrate that MBP plays a role in first line host defense against certain pathogenic organisms.
Phase I Trial of a Yeast-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (GI-6301) Targeting the Transcription Factor Brachyury (2015)

The nuclear transcription factor brachyury has previously been shown to be a strong mediator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human carcinoma cells and a strong negative prognostic factor in several tumor types. Brachyury is overexpressed in a range of human carcinomas as well as in chordoma, a rare tumor for which there is no standard systemic therapy. Preclinical studies have shown that a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) vaccine encoding brachyury (GI-6301) can activate human T cells in vitro. A phase I dose-escalation (3+3 design) trial enrolled 34 patients at 4 dose levels [3, 3, 16, and 11 patients, respectively, at 4, 16, 40, and 80 yeast units (YU)]. Expansion cohorts were enrolled at 40- and 80-YU dose levels for analysis of immune response and clinical activity. We observed brachyury-specific T-cell immune responses in the majority of evaluable patients despite most having been heavily pretreated. No evidence of autoimmunity or other serious adverse events was observed. Two chordoma patients showed evidence of disease control (one mixed response and one partial response). A patient with colorectal carcinoma, who enrolled on study with a large progressing pelvic mass and rising carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), remains on study for greater than 1 year with stable disease, evidence of decreased tumor density, and decreased serum CEA. This is the first-in-human study to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of this therapeutic cancer vaccine and provides the rationale for exploration in phase II studies. A randomized phase II chordoma study is now enrolling patients.
BARS: Battlefield Augmented Reality System (2001)

Situational awareness needs cannot be met using traditional approaches such as radios, maps and handheld displays and more powerful display paradigms are needed. We are researching mobile augmented reality (AR) through the development of the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS) in collaboration with Columbia University. The system consists of a wearable computer a wireless network system and a tracked see-through Head Mounted Display (HMD). The user's perception of the environment is enhanced by superimposing graphics onto the user's field of view. The graphics are registered (aligned) with the actual environment. For example an augmented view of a building could include a wireframe plan of its interior icons to represent reported locations of snipers and the names of adjacent streets.
The wMel strain of Wolbachia Reduces Transmission of Zika virus by Aedes aegypti (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the Americas. There are no effective antiviral therapies or licensed vaccines for this virus, and mosquito control strategies have not been adequate to contain the virus. A promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (DENV) transmission; however, evidence suggests Wolbachia infections confer protection for Ae. aegypti against other arboviruses. At present, it is unknown whether or not ZIKV can infect, disseminate, and be transmitted by Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti. Using Ae. aegypti infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia that are being released in Medellin, Colombia, we report that these mosquitoes have reduced vector competence for ZIKV. These results support the use of Wolbachia biocontrol as a multivalent strategy against Ae. aegypti-transmitted viruses.
Origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis (2012)

Most chronic liver diseases of all etiologies result in progressive liver fibrosis. Myofibroblasts produce the extracellular matrix, including type I collagen, which constitutes the fibrous scar in liver fibrosis. Normal liver has little type I collagen and no detectable myofibroblasts, but myofibroblasts appear early in experimental and clinical liver injury. The origin of the myofibroblast in liver fibrosis is still unresolved. The possibilities include activation of endogenous mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells, recruitment from the bone marrow, and transformation of epithelial or endothelial cells to myofibroblasts. In fact, the origin of myofibroblasts may be different for different types of chronic liver diseases, such as cholestatic liver disease or hepatotoxic liver disease. This review will examine our current understanding of the liver myofibroblast.