gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carcinomas unresponsive to either cisplatinum or anti-EGFR therapy can be growth inhibited by combination therapy of both agents. (2003)

The obtained results may address upcoming phase I/II trials to use Anti-EGFR/Cisplatinum therapy regardless of the EGFR content of tumors.
β-Cell Death and Mass in Syngeneically Transplanted Islets Exposed to Short- and Long-Term Hyperglycemia (2002)

We studied the effects of hyperglycemia on beta-cell death and mass in syngeneically transplanted islets. Six groups of STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with 100 syngeneic islets, an insufficient beta-cell mass to restore normoglycemia. Groups 1, 2, and 3 remained hyperglycemic throughout the study. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with insulin from day 7 before transplantation to day 10 after transplantation. After insulin discontinuation, group 6 mice achieved definitive normoglycemia. Grafts were harvested at 3 (groups 1 and 4), 10 (groups 2 and 5), and 30 (groups 3 and 6) days after transplantation. On day 3, the initially transplanted beta-cell mass (0.13 +/- 0.01 mg) was dramatically and similarly reduced in the hyperglycemic and insulin-treated groups (group 1: 0.048 +/- 0.002 mg; group 4: 0.046 +/- 0.007 mg; P < 0.001). Extensive islet necrosis (group 1: 30.7%; group 4: 26.8%) and increased beta-cell apoptosis (group 1: 0.30 +/- 0.05%; group 4: 0.42 +/- 0.07%) were found. On day 10, apoptosis remained increased in both hyperglycemic and insulin-treated mice (group 2: 0.44 +/- 0.09%; group 5: 0.48 +/- 0.08%) compared with normal pancreas (0.04 +/- 0.03%; P < 0.001). In contrast, on day 30, beta-cell apoptosis was increased in grafts exposed to sustained hyperglycemia (group 3: 0.37 +/- 0.03%) but not in normoglycemic mice (group 6: 0.12 +/- 0.02%); beta-cell mass was selectively reduced in islets exposed to hyperglycemia (group 3: 0.046 +/- 0.02 mg; group 6: 0.102 +/- 0.009 mg; P < 0.01). In summary, even in optimal conditions, approximately 60% of transplanted islet tissue was lost 3 days after syngeneic transplantation, and both apoptosis and necrosis contributed to beta-cell death. Increased apoptosis and reduced beta-cell mass were also found in islets exposed to chronic hyperglycemia, suggesting that sustained hyperglycemia increased apoptosis in transplanted beta-cells.
Effects of Material Systems on the Polarization Behavior of Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Gratings (1997)

This study has investigated the effects of the material systems involved in the fabrication processes on the polarization behavior of a volume holographic grating. The diffraction efficiency of the gratings fabricated using prepolymer/liquid crystal mixtures shows strong dependence on the polarization of incoming light. Depending on the materials used in the formation of a grating, the diffraction properties are such that either p- or s-polarized light is strongly diffracted while the light with the other polarization is very weakly diffracted. The magnitude of the dependence on the polarization is greatly affected by the type of monomers, liquid crystals and substrates. The comparison of various types of monomers added to the base prepolymer mixtures, two distinctly different types of liquid crystals and glass slides and indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass as substrates was carried out using polyester-based and urethane-based oligomers.
Point Cloud Oversegmentation With Graph-Structured Deep Metric Learning (2019)

We propose a new supervized learning framework for oversegmenting 3D point clouds into superpoints. We cast this problem as learning deep embeddings of the local geometry and radiometry of 3D points, such that the border of objects presents high contrasts. The embeddings are computed using a lightweight neural network operating on the points' local neighborhood. Finally, we formulate point cloud oversegmentation as a graph partition problem with respect to the learned embeddings. This new approach allows us to set a new state-of-the-art in point cloud oversegmentation by a significant margin, on a dense indoor dataset (S3DIS) and a sparse outdoor one (vKITTI). Our best solution requires over five times fewer superpoints to reach similar performance than previously published methods on S3DIS. Furthermore, we show that our framework can be used to improve superpoint-based semantic segmentation algorithms, setting a new state-of-the-art for this task as well.
Uterine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is increased by estradiol and tamoxifen. (1996)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial-specific mitogen with potent angiogenic activity. Because vascular growth accompanies normal endometrial regeneration and may also be involved in uterine tumor growth, we studied VEGF regulation by 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen, two agents that can increase uterine cell proliferation and tumor incidence. In immature, ovariectomized rats, E2 elevates uterine VEGF mRNA transiently, with a peak induction of 15-20-fold within 1 h. A maximum response is produced at a dose of 4 micrograms/kg E2, and induction is specific for estrogenic steroids. E2-dependent VEGF induction is inhibited by actinomycin D but not puromycin, suggesting that the effect is due at least in part to direct estrogen receptor regulation of VEGF transcription. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing indicated that VEGF188, VEGF164, and VEGF120 are all induced by E2, but the latter two are the predominant forms in the uterus. In situ hybridization shows a predominantly stromal expression of VEGF mRNA. The antiestrogens tamoxifen, 4-OH tamoxifen, and nafoxidine produce similar increases in uterine VEGF mRNA levels within 6 h, with 1 mg/kg tamoxifen producing a maximum response of 15-20-fold. The tamoxifen response was also inhibited by actinomycin D but not by puromycin, again suggesting direct transcriptional regulation of VEGF expression by antiestrogens. These findings raise the possibility that estrogen and antiestrogen effects on uterine edema, proliferation, and tumor incidence may involve local increases in tissue VEGF production.
Large vocabulary speech recognition prototype (1990)

The objective of this project is to develop a system for real-time recognition of natural language continuous speech. To satisfy the objective of "natural language", the system must recognize the sentences actually produced by users in a realistic application -- no artificial grammatical restriction will be allowed merely for the purpose of the speech recognition. On the other hand, the recognition system may be specialized just to recognize speech in a single well-defined application environment and the vocabulary may be restricted (the minimal objective in vocabulary size is 1,000 words). The performance objective is an operational one. The system must include an interactive user interface which includes error correction capability. The error rate must be sufficiently low and the remaining errors must be easy enough to correct that the users in a realistic application are more productive through the user of the speech recognition system.
The coalescence and bouncing of water drops at an air/water interface (1964)

Abstract A detailed study has been made of the conditions under which uncharged water drops of radius 60 to 200 μm coalesce or rebound at a clean water/air interface. The variable para-­meters in the system are the drop radius, r, its impact velocity, Vi, and the angle of impact, θi; and the dependent parameters are the time of contact, T, between a rebounding drop and the water surface, the velocity, Vb, and the angle θb with which it leaves the surface. All these have been measured. Relations are established between the drop radius and the critical values of Vi and θi at which coalescence occurs between uncharged drops and plane or convex water surfaces. Drops impacting at nearly normal incidence remain in contact with the surface for about 1 ms, lose about 95 % of their kinetic energy during impact, and rebound with an effective coefficient of restitution of about 0.2. Drops carrying a net charge and drops polarized in an applied electric field coalesce more readily than uncharged drops of the same size and impact velocity. The magnitudes of the critical charges and critical fields required to cause coalescence are determined as functions of Vi, θi and drop radius. Typically, drops of radius 150 μm impacting at 100 cm/s coalesce if the charge exceeds about 10-4 e. s. u. or if the field exceeds about 100 V/cm. If the motion of a drop rebounding from a plane water surface is treated as simple harmonic and undamped, one may derive expressions for the depth of the crater, x and the restoring force, F, at any stage, and also for the time of contact. These yield values that are in reasonable accord with experiment. However, the collision is clearly inelastic, and a second solution is obtained when F is assumed to be proportional, not only to the displacement, x, but to x/t. This leads to a slightly different expression for the time of contact and to a calculated energy loss of 84 % compared with the measured value of 95 %. If the drop is to coalesce with the water surface, it must first expel and rupture the intervening air film. Treating the undersurface of the drop as a flattened circular disk, an expression is determined for the minimum thickness, δ, achieved by the film during the period of contact, in terms of Vi, θi and the drop radius r. This predicts values of δ ~ 0.1 μm below which fusion may well take place under the influence of van der Waals forces. Several features of the observed relations between Vi, θi and r are accounted for by this simplified theory, but the behaviour of drops impacting at nearly glancing incidence, and of relatively large, energetic drops impacting nearly normally is not. In the latter case, the observed distortion of the drop is thought to play an important role in permitting more rapid thinning of the air film and, in the case of charged and polarized drops, by producing intense local electric fields that may cause the final rupture.
Combination of CSF N -acetylaspartate and neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis (2009)

CSF N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels were not different from patients without neurologic disease in early stages of multiple sclerosis, though decreased as the disease progressed. Combining CSF NAA and neurofilament levels yields information on different phases of axonal pathology.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Bladder Cancer (2018)

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is characterized by expression of a plethora of cell surface antigens, thus offering opportunities for specific therapeutic targeting with use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). ADCs are structured from two major constituents, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a specific target and a cytotoxic drug connected via a linker molecule. Several ADCs are developed against different UC surface markers, but the ones at most advanced stages of development include sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), enfortumab vedotin (ASG-22CE/ASG-22ME), ASG-15ME for advanced UC, and oportuzumab monatox (VB4-845) for early UC. Several new targets are identified and utilized for novel or existing ADC testing. The most promising ones include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor axis (FGF/FGFR). Positive preclinical and early clinical results are reported in many cases, thus the next step involves further improving efficacy and reducing toxicity as well as testing combination strategies with approved agents.
A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of single doses of clenoliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

Clenoliximab (IDEC-151) is a macaque-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G4) specific for the CD4 molecule on the surface of T lymphocytes. It is being studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in which T cell activation orchestrates inflammation and tissue damage. In this initial study in humans, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clenoliximab were investigated after single intravenous infusion. Blood was collected up to 12 weeks after dose administration to measure clenoliximab concentration, CD4+ T-cell count, CD4 antigen coating, and CD4 cell surface density. Clenoliximab displayed nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior and caused an 80% reduction in CD4 density for up to 3 weeks, without depleting T cells. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was developed that described the relationship between antibody concentration, antigen coating, and the observed decreases in CD4 cell surface density. This was used to anticipate the effects of clenoliximab in untested regimens and optimize the design of future clinical trials.
Prediction of Potency of Protease Inhibitors Using Free Energy Simulations with Polarizable Quantum Mechanics-Based Ligand Charges and a Hybrid Water Model (2009)

Reliable and robust prediction of the binding affinity for drug molecules continues to be a daunting challenge. We simulated the binding interactions and free energy of binding of nine protease inhibitors (PIs) with wild-type and various mutant proteases by performing GBSA simulations in which each PI's partial charge was determined by quantum mechanics (QM) and the partial charge accounts for the polarization induced by the protease environment. We employed a hybrid solvation model that retains selected explicit water molecules in the protein with surface-generalized Born (SGB) implicit solvent. We examined the correlation of the free energy with the antiviral potency of PIs with regard to amino acid substitutions in protease. The GBSA free energy thus simulated showed strong correlations (r > 0.75) with antiviral IC(50) values of PIs when amino acid substitutions were present in the protease active site. We also simulated the binding free energy of PIs with P2-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane (bis-THF) or related cores, utilizing a bis-THF-containing protease crystal structure as a template. The free energy showed a strong correlation (r = 0.93) with experimentally determined anti-HIV-1 potency. The present data suggest that the presence of selected explicit water in protein and protein polarization-induced quantum charges for the inhibitor, compared to lack of explicit water and a static force-field-based charge model, can serve as an improved lead optimization tool and warrants further exploration.
Spin-on-glass for 200 nm trench isolation structures (1991)

Technologies for utilizing spin-on-glass (SOG) in trench isolation are discussed. Two trench isolation technologies: a trench filled with SOG and a polysilicon filled trench planarized by SOG, are examined. The authors have successfully filled and planarized trenches as small as 200 nm without cracking or void formation using a polysiloxane SOG. Furnace, rapid thermal processing, and Si implant anneal technologies were all investigated, and all demonstrated useful results. An etchback process for the SOG planarized, polysilicon filled trench is presented. Finally, a phenomenological model for planarizing narrow width trenches is developed.
Glucose Transporters and Insulin Action — Implications for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus (1999)

Insulin was discovered more than 75 years ago, but only recently have we begun to understand the mechanisms by which insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells. This review discusses recent advances, their contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, and their implications for the design of new therapies to prevent and treat diabetes and its complications.Role of Glucose Transporters in Maintaining Glucose HomeostasisCarbohydrates, and glucose in particular, are an important source of energy for most living organisms. Tissues such as the brain need glucose constantly, and low blood concentrations of glucose can cause . . .
Relative value of ZAP-70, CD38, and immunoglobulin mutation status in predicting aggressive disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2008)

Leukemia-cell expression of ZAP-70, CD38, or unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes (U-IGHV) each is associated with aggressive disease in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To assess the relative strength of each marker, we defined thresholds for designating a case as positive for CD38 or ZAP-70 in a test cohort of 307 patients and used these data-defined criteria to stratify patients in an independent cohort of 705 patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that ZAP-70 was the strongest risk factor. Knowledge of the IGHV mutation status or CD38 did not improve our ability to predict the time to first treatment except for ZAP-70-negative cases, which could be segregated into 2 groups of intermediate-risk or low-risk disease based on whether they expressed unmutated or mutated IGHV. ZAP-70 maintained its high relative prognostic value for the subset of patients with early-stage, asymptomatic disease, including patients evaluated within 1 year of diagnosis. Although it is premature to recommend therapy based on these risk factors, patients with ZAP-70-positive CLL cells should be monitored closely for disease progression as they have a median time from diagnosis to requiring initial therapy by standard criteria of approximately 3 years.
Identification of Rev-erbα as a physiological repressor of apoC-III gene transcription (2002)

Elevated serum levels of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins (TRL) are a major risk factor predisposing a subject to atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a major constituent of TRL that impedes triglyceride hydrolysis and remnant clearance and, as such, may exert pro-atherogenic activities. In the present study, transient cotransfection experiments in rat hepatocytes in primary culture and rabbit kidney RK13 cells demonstrated that overexpression of Rev-erbalpha specifically decreases basal and HNF-4 stimulated human apoC-III promoter activity. A Rev-erbalpha response element was mapped by promoter deletion, mutation analysis, and gel-shift experiments to a AGGTCA half-site located at position -23/-18 (downstream of the TATA box) in the apoC-III promoter. Finally, Rev-erbalpha-deficient mice displayed elevated serum and liver mRNA levels of apoC-III together with increased serum VLDL triglycerides. Taken together, our data identify Rev-erbalpha as a regulator of apoC-III gene expression, providing a novel, physiological role for this nuclear receptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
<title>Evaluation of subpixel feature localization methods for precision measurement</title> (1994)

This paper provides a review of a number of subpixel estimators classified as moment based, local modelling and reconstruction. Three algorithms are described in detail, one from each class. In the first, the basic centroid method is generalized so that it is applicable to a wider class of problems and the general formulation is applied to develop a subpixel ridge estimator. The second algorithm is a restricted polynomial model and is developed based on the assumption that an edge profile remains invariant in a local neighborhood. The third algorithm uses Gaussian interpolation to perform local image reconstruction. Simulations are performed to measure the performance of these three algorithms under ideal and noisy conditions.
Isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase genes from two different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (1998)

We have recently proposed that one way that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth is through the activity of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which causes a lowering of plant ethylene levels resulting in longer roots. As part of an effort to understand the role of this enzyme in PGPR, the genes for ACC deaminase from two PGPR, Enterobacter cloacae CAL2 and UW4, have been isolated. These genes are highly homologous to the ACC deaminase genes from Pseudomonas strains 6G5 and F17 and similar to the ACC deaminase gene from Pseudomonas sp. strain ACP. The region downstream (i.e., at the 3'-terminal end) of the strain UW4 ACC deaminase gene has a potential hairpin-like transcription termination site. The regions upstream of the strains UW4 and CAL2 ACC deaminase genes contain putative ribosome-binding sites; however, the promoter sequences have not yet been identified. Southern hybridization experiments suggest that there is a single copy of the ACC deaminase gene in Enterobacter cloacae strains UW4 and CAL2 and that there may be several different types of ACC deaminase genes in different microbes. The cloned ACC deaminase gene can be expressed in Escherichia coli enabling this bacterium to grow on ACC as a sole source of nitrogen and confers upon both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. strains that are transformed with this gene the ability to promote the elongation of the roots of canola seedlings.
Electrochemical therapy in palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia: a pilot study. (1999)

In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that electrochemical therapy may provide safe and effective palliation of narrowing and circumferential esophageal carcinoma. It requires repeat interventions and dilatation expertise is necessary for insertion of the electrode through the totally obstructing lesion.
DHCP for mobile networking with TCP/IP (2002)

Mobile-IP and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) are two protocols which are likely to be implemented together for use with wireless computers. We explore the ways that they can be used with in mobile computers. These protocols interact in subtle ways, presenting a system architect with a variety of trade-offs that need careful analysis. We detail the important interactions and system design issues, and also explain the design and implementation of a new DHCP option for mobile computers. The difference between mobility and portability is explained; this paper only emphasizes approaches for mobility. We explore implementation issues that we have encountered.
Planning a System (1986)

You have now held the Care Review and will know what has been recommended and agreed by all those present at the meeting. It is now necessary to make sure that these recommendations are carried out c orrectly, c onsistently and with c ontinuity.
Thalidomide for the Treatment of Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Association of Plasma Concentrations of Thalidomide and Angiogenic Growth Factors with Clinical Outcome (2002)

Recent reports showed that thalidomide has anti-angiogenic activity and is effective for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma (MM). We examined the relationship between the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of thalidomide and the plasma concentrations of this drug as well as angiogenic growth factors in refractory MM. Ten out of twenty-four evaluable patients (42%) showed more than 25% reduction of M-protein, and eight (33%) achieved more than 50% reduction. These changes were associated with restoration of anemia and recovery of normal immunoglobulin level. Somnolence and headache, constipation, peripheral neuropathy and skin rash were frequently observed, but were well tolerated. However, grade 2 - 4 severe neutropenia was also observed in nine cases. These adverse effects other than neutropenia occurred more frequently in the patients with higher plasma concentrations of thalidomide (2.0 microg/ml at 12 h after the last administration) and were readily alleviated by dose reduction. In contrast, neutropenia developed regardless of the plasma concentration. Plasma concentrations of angiogenic growth factors were frequently elevated before treatment. After thalidomide treatment, these growth factor levels tend to decrease to near-normal ranges in responders but were still high in most non-responders. After thalidomide treatment, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was significantly reduced in responders (P = 0.025), but not in non-responders (P = 0.37). Reduction of plasma VEGF level might be an important indicator for anti-myeloma effect of thalidomide.