gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overproduction, solubilization, and reconstitution of the maltose transport system from Escherichia coli. (1990)

Maltose is transported across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli by a binding protein-dependent transport system. We observed a 10-fold increase in the level of transport activity in assays with membrane vesicles when the three membrane-associated components of the transport system (the MalF, MalG, and MalK proteins) were overproduced. In addition, we have successfully reconstituted maltose transport activity in proteoliposome vesicles from solubilized proteins using a detergent dilution procedure. The addition of ATP as an energy source was sufficient to obtain transport, and this activity was dependent on the presence of maltose binding protein and was not seen in proteoliposomes prepared from a strain with a deletion of the maltose genes. We determined that hydrolysis of ATP was directly coupled to maltose uptake. In the majority of these experiments, an average of 1.4 mol of ATP was hydrolyzed for each mole of maltose accumulated. However, in the remaining experiments, ATP hydrolysis was observed to be much higher and averaged 17 mol of ATP hydrolyzed per mol of maltose transported. Possible explanations for a variable stoichiometry are discussed. These results provide strong evidence that it is the hydrolysis of ATP by a component of the transport complex that provides the energy required for active maltose transport.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for mercuric ions. (1992)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that react with soluble mercuric ions have been produced by injection of BALB/c mice with a hapten-carrier complex designed to maximize exposure of the metal to the immune system. Three hybridomas producing antibodies that reacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glutathione-HgCl, but not with BSA-glutathione, were isolated from the spleen of a mouse given multiple injections with glutathione-HgCl conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Stable subclones were established from two of these antibodies, designated mAb 4A10 and mAb 1F10. The binding of both antibodies to immobilized BSA-glutathione-HgCl was inhibited by soluble HgCl2, and dissociation constants for mercuric chloride binding were 2.3 and 3.7 nM for mAbs 4A10 and 1F10, respectively. Both antibodies bound mercuric acetate with similar affinities, demonstrating that the antibodies were capable of binding to mercuric ions in the presence of a different counterion than the one used in the immunogen. Reactions were not observed with other metal cations by either antibody. These data demonstrate the successful induction of antibodies that react very specifically with mercuric ions in solution regardless of the presence of a carrier.
Host-guest complexation. 32. Spherands composed of cyclic urea and anisyl units (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 32. Spherands composed of cyclic urea and anisyl unitsD. J. Cram, I. B. Dicker, M. Lauer, C. B. Knobler, and K. N. TruebloodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 23, 7150–7167Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00335a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00335a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views962Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid de-interlacing algorithm based on motion vector reliability (2005)

This paper presents a hybrid de-interlacing algorithm that converts video from interlaced format to progressive format. This hybrid algorithm effectively combines two existing de-interlacing techniques: one that offers high vertical resolution and the other that is robust to erroneous motion vectors. The combination is based on a new measurement of motion vector reliability, so that the hybrid algorithm is dominated by the high-resolution technique if motion vectors are reliable; otherwise, it approaches the robust technique. Motion vector reliability is measured using the a posteriori probability of motion vectors. Experimental results show that this is an effective measure of motion vector reliability. The hybrid algorithm offers high spatial resolution without artifacts caused by erroneous motion vectors, and outperforms four of the best existing techniques in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Intermuscular Fat: A Review of the Consequences and Causes (2014)

Muscle's structural composition is an important factor underlying muscle strength and physical function in older adults. There is an increasing amount of research to support the clear disassociation between the loss of muscle lean tissue mass and strength with aging. This disassociation implies that factors in addition to lean muscle mass are responsible for the decreases in strength and function seen with aging. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a significant predictor of both muscle function and mobility function in older adults and across a wide variety of comorbid conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and COPD. IMAT is also implicated in metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a review of the implications of increased IMAT levels in metabolic, muscle, and mobility function. Potential treatment options to mitigate increasing levels of IMAT will also be discussed.
H‐NS‐mediated repression of CRISPR‐based immunity in Escherichia coli K12 can be relieved by the transcription activator LeuO (2010)

Summary The recently discovered prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas defence system provides immunity against viral infections and plasmid conjugation. It has been demonstrated that in Escherichia coli transcription of the Cascade genes ( casABCDE ) and to some extent the CRISPR array is repressed by heat‐stable nucleoid‐structuring (H‐NS) protein, a global transcriptional repressor. Here we elaborate on the control of the E. coli CRISPR/Cas system, and study the effect on CRISPR‐based anti‐viral immunity. Transformation of wild‐type E. coli K12 with CRISPR spacers that are complementary to phage Lambda does not lead to detectable protection against Lambda infection. However, when an H‐NS mutant of E. coli K12 is transformed with the same anti‐Lambda CRISPR, this does result in reduced sensitivity to phage infection. In addition, it is demonstrated that LeuO, a LysR‐type transcription factor, binds to two sites flanking the casA promoter and the H‐NS nucleation site, resulting in derepression of casABCDE12 transcription. Overexpression of LeuO in E. coli K12 containing an anti‐Lambda CRISPR leads to an enhanced protection against phage infection. This study demonstrates that in E. coli H‐NS and LeuO are antagonistic regulators of CRISPR‐based immunity.
Action of Grignard Reagents. XXII. Action of Organomagnesium Compounds on 2-Mercapto-4-arylidene-5-thiazolidones and on 4-Arylidene-2,5-thiazolidinediones. Reaction of 2-Mercapto-4-benzylidene-5-thiazolidone with Diazomethane (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Grignard Reagents. XXII. Action of Organomagnesium Compounds on 2-Mercapto-4-arylidene-5-thiazolidones and on 4-Arylidene-2,5-thiazolidinediones. Reaction of 2-Mercapto-4-benzylidene-5-thiazolidone with DiazomethaneAHMED MUSTAFA and MOHAMED MOHAMED MOHAMED SALLAMCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 1782–1786Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Designing Interfaces (2005)

Despite all of the UI toolkits available today, it's still not easy to design good application interfaces. This bestselling book is one of the few reliable sources to help you navigate through the maze of design options. By capturing UI best practices and reusable ideas as design patterns, Designing Interfaces provides solutions to common design problems that you can tailor to the situation at hand. This updated edition includes patterns for mobile apps and social media, as well as web applications and desktop software. Each pattern contains full-color examples and practical design advice th
The Wnt-dependent signaling pathways as target in oncology drug discovery (2006)

Our current understanding of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways is mainly based on studies performed in a number of model organisms including, Xenopus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. These studies clearly indicate that the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways are conserved through evolution and control many events during embryonic development. Wnt pathways have been shown to regulate cell proliferation, morphology, motility as well as cell fate. The increasing interest of the scientific community, over the last decade, in the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways is supported by the documented importance of these pathways in a broad range of physiological conditions and disease states. For instance, it has been shown that inappropriate regulation and activation of these pathways is associated with several pathological disorders including cancer, retinopathy, tetra-amelia and bone and cartilage disease such as arthritis. In addition, several components of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways appear to play important roles in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and in the emerging field of stem cell research. In this review, we wish to present a focused overview of the function of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways and their role in oncogenesis and cancer development. We also want to provide information on a selection of potential drug targets within these pathways for oncology drug discovery, and summarize current data on approaches, including the development of small-molecule inhibitors, that have shown relevant effects on the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways.
Soy protein-modified waterborne polyurethane biocomposites with improved functionality (2016)

Soy protein isolate-modified waterborne polyurethane biocomposites exhibited improved cytocompatibility and biodegradability.
Biological Chemistry of Carbon Monoxide (2002)

Carbon monoxide (CO) has many effects in biology due to its complex biochemical activities. These actions of CO depend primarily on its ability to bind heme proteins (Hp) and to inhibit or alter their biochemical functions. Whether CO is derived from exogenous or endogenous sources, its cellular activity is related to its concentration and the concentration of molecular O(2), as well as to the availability of reduced transition metals such as Fe(II). In this respect, the CO/O(2) ratio and O(2)-dependent changes in local oxidation-reduction state assume critical importance in determining the physiological effects of CO by affecting the functions of specific Hp. By interacting with Hp, CO influences electron-transport reactions in a variety of ways, which can produce either prooxidant or antioxidant effects. Similarly, Hp relationships also govern how changes in CO concentration influence the physiological and pathological effects of nitric oxide and the relationships of the two biologically active gases to metal-catalyzed oxidations. This article provides a brief update on the biochemistry of CO as it relates to Hp binding, chemical oxidative processes, and cellular function.
The Influence of an External Electric Field on the Structure of Chiral Sm C∗ Liquid Crystal (1983)

Abstract The mechanism of a field induced transition from helical Sm C∗ to Sm C structure in a DOBAMBC liquid crystal situated between two glass plates has been studied by optical methods. The important role of a regular system of twist disclination lines (dechiralization lines) in unwinding the helical structure by electric field has been revealed. A simplified model of ±2π twist disclination pairs is proposed which describes the unwinding of the Sm C∗ structure. Under the external electric field the pairs of ±2π twist disclinations move and annihilate each other and thus effectively unwind the helical structure of the sample. Critical fields for switching the helical Sm C∗ structure, as well as the unwound structure, are estimated.
Developing an ANSI standard for image quality tools for the testing of active millimeter wave imaging systems (2017)

In 2016, the millimeter wave (MMW) imaging community initiated the formation of a standard for millimeter wave image quality metrics. This new standard, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) N42.59, will apply to active MMW systems for security screening of humans. The Electromagnetic Signatures of Explosives Laboratory at the Transportation Security Laboratory is supporting the ANSI standards process via the creation of initial prototypes for round-robin testing with MMW imaging system manufacturers and experts. Results obtained for these prototypes will be used to inform the community and lead to consensus objective standards amongst stakeholders. Images collected with laboratory systems are presented along with results of preliminary image analysis. Future directions for object design, data collection and image processing are discussed.
Matching Of Medical Images For Computed And Robot Assisted Surgery (2005)

This paper adresses the application of matching techniques to Computer and Robot Assisted Surgery, where we desire to use in the surgical theater a treatment planning based on multi-modal data (mainly pre-operative images). We present a methodology based on geometrical matching of reference anatomical surfaces. Then we describe a new general method that enables to perform 3-D / 2-D matching and 3-D / 3-D matching with fast computation. Results are illustrated.
The Reaction of Botulinum Toxin Type A with Ketene1 (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Botulinum Toxin Type A with Ketene1Edward J. Schantz and Leonard SperoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 7, 1623–1625Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01564a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01564a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Structure of Human Galactose Mutarotase (2004)

Galactose mutarotase catalyzes the conversion of beta-d-galactose to alpha-d-galactose during normal galactose metabolism. The enzyme has been isolated from bacteria, plants, and animals and is present in the cytoplasm of most cells. Here we report the x-ray crystallographic analysis of human galactose mutarotase both in the apoform and complexed with its substrate, beta-d-galactose. The polypeptide chain folds into an intricate array of 29 beta-strands, 25 classical reverse turns, and 2 small alpha-helices. There are two cis-peptide bonds at Arg-78 and Pro-103. The sugar ligand sits in a shallow cleft and is surrounded by Asn-81, Arg-82, His-107, His-176, Asp-243, Gln-279, and Glu-307. Both the side chains of Glu-307 and His-176 are in the proper location to act as a catalytic base and a catalytic acid, respectively. These residues are absolutely conserved among galactose mutarotases. To date, x-ray models for three mutarotases have now been reported, namely that described here and those from Lactococcus lactis and Caenorhabditis elegans. The molecular architectures of these enzymes differ primarily in the loop regions connecting the first two beta-strands. In the human protein, there are six extra residues in the loop compared with the bacterial protein for an approximate longer length of 9 A. In the C. elegans protein, the first 17 residues are missing, thereby reducing the total number of beta-strands by one.
Characterization of a vaccinia virus-encoded 42-kilodalton class I membrane glycoprotein component of the extracellular virus envelope (1992)

Using a reverse genetic approach, we have demonstrated that the product of the B5R open reading frame (ORF), which has homology with members of the family of complement control proteins, is a membrane glycoprotein present in the extracellular enveloped (EEV) form of vaccinia virus but absent from the intracellular naked (INV) form. An antibody (C'-B5R) raised to a 15-amino-acid peptide from the translated B5R ORF reacted with a 42-kDa protein (gp42) found in vaccinia virus-infected cells and cesium chloride-banded EEV but not INV. Under nonreducing conditions, an 85-kDa component, possibly representing a hetero- or homodimeric form of gp42, was detected by both immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblot analysis. Metabolic labeling with [3H]glucosamine and [3H]palmitate revealed that the B5R product is glycosylated and acylated. The C-terminal transmembrane domain of the protein was identified by constructing a recombinant vaccinia virus that overexpressed a truncated, secreted form of the B5R ORF product. By N-terminal sequence analysis of this secreted protein, the site of signal peptide cleavage of gp42 was determined. A previously described monoclonal antibody (MAb 20) raised to EEV, which immunoprecipitated a protein with biochemical characteristics similar to those of wild-type gp42, reacted with the recombinant, secreted product of the B5R ORF. Immunofluorescence of wild-type vaccinia virus-infected cells by using either MAb 20 or C'-B5R revealed that the protein is expressed on the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Immunogold labeling of EEV and INV with MAb 20 demonstrated that the protein was found exclusively on the EEV membrane.
Mutations in the gene encoding SLURP-1 in Mal de Meleda (2001)

Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder, characterized by transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), keratotic skin lesions, perioral erythema, brachydactyly and nail abnormalities. We report the refinement of our previously described interval of MDM on chromosome 8qter, and the identification of mutations in affected individuals in the ARS (component B) gene, encoding a protein named SLURP-1, for secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein 1. This protein is a member of the Ly-6/uPAR superfamily, in which most members have been localized in a cluster on chromosome 8q24.3. The amino acid composition of SLURP-1 is homologous to that of toxins such as frog cytotoxin and snake venom neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. Three different homozygous mutations (a deletion, a nonsense and a splice site mutation) were detected in 19 families of Algerian and Croatian origin, suggesting founder effects. Moreover, one of the common haplotypes presenting the same mutation was shared by families from both populations. Secreted and receptor proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR superfamily have been implicated in transmembrane signal transduction, cell activation and cell adhesion. This is the first instance of a secreted protein being involved in a PPK.
Interpretation of the breath hydrogen profile obtained after ingesting a solid meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate. (1985)

The extent to which monitoring breath hydrogen excretion provides information concerning the entry of the residues of a solid test meal into the colon was investigated in 89 normal subjects, and 11 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. The profile of breath hydrogen concentration showed an early peak, that occurred soon after ingesting the test meal in 89% subjects. This was followed by a later more prolonged rise in breath hydrogen concentration. The early peak occurred well before a radioactive marker, incorporated in the test meal, reached the caecum and the data suggest it was predominantly caused by the emptying of the remnants of the previous meal from the ileum into the colon. This hypothesis was supported by direct measurements of the rate of delivery of ileostomy effluent in 12 subjects with terminal ileostomies. Fermentation of carbohydrate in the mouth may, however, contribute to the initial peak, but this contribution may be avoided by collecting gas samples from the nares. The secondary rise in breath hydrogen excretion was closely correlated with the arrival of the radioactive marker in the caecum (r = 0.91), p less than 0.001), though the time, at which the secondary peak of breath hydrogen excretion occurred was poorly correlated with the time that all the radioactive test meal had entered the colon. When lactulose was infused directly into the colon, as little as 0.5 g produced a discernible hydrogen response, which occurred within two minutes of the infusion. Increasing the rate of colonic infusion of a 50 ml solution of 10% lactulose from 0.02 to 0.15 g/min in five subjects significantly increased the breath hydrogen concentration. At infusion rates below 0.075 g lactulose/minute, the peak breath hydrogen response preceded the end ot the infusion, while at higher rates of infusion, the peak hydrogen response occurred after the end of the infusion. Although these results confirmed that monitoring breath hydrogen concentration usefully signalled the time taken for a meal containing unabsorbed carbohydrate to reach the colon, it did not reliably indicate the time when all of the meal had entered the colon. Finally, the use of the maximum increase in breath hydrogen concentration as an index of the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption assumes uniform rates of entry into the colon.