gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering by ionization and phonon emission in semiconductors (1980)

Calculations of the pair-creation energy $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, the Fano factor $F$, and the quantum yield for semiconductors are done for the assumptions that in each scattering event all possible sets of product particles are equally probable, that the energy bands are those of free particles separated by a band gap ${E}_{g}$, and that there is a single phonon energy $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$. A new method of calculating these quantities is advanced. In it a pair-number probability distribution ${p}_{n}(E)$, the probability that a particle with energy $E$ ultimately creates $n$ pairs, is calculated recursively with increasing $E$. The first and second moments of the ${p}_{n}(E)$ distribution yield $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, $F$, and the quantum yield as functions of $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$, ${E}_{g}$, and a parameter $A$, proportional to the ratio of the matrix elements for electron scattering by phonon emission and by ionization. We find that a single value of $A$, which fits the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ observed for Si, gives values for these quantities in good accord with experiments for many semiconductors. The calculated $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is found insensitive in many semiconductors to electron-energy loss to plasmons and to differences in the threshold energy for ionization representing real band-structure features. The assumption that all possible sets of product particles are equally probable in each scattering event leads to ultimate nonuniform population of the states with energies below the threshold for ionization, in contrast to the uniform population assumed in some earlier approaches. Results of other existing approaches in which the final-state distribution is calculated, an alternate method, were duplicated using this new method. A simple paradigm is used to illustrate these methods and assumptions.
Improved eradication of Clostridium difficile spores from toilets of hospitalized patients using an accelerated hydrogen peroxide as the cleaning agent (2010)

Our data indicate that the AHP formulation evaluated that has some sporicidal activity was significantly better than the currently used SHP formulation. This AHP formulation provides a one-step process that significantly lowers the C. difficile spore level in toilets during non-outbreak conditions without the workplace safety concerns associated with 5000 ppm bleach.
Oxygen Radicals in Brain Injury (1986)

Experimental fluid percussion brain injury in anesthetized cats causes vascular injury characterized by sustained arteriolar dilation, abnormal reactivity to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator interventions, focal endothelial lesions, and reduction of the oxygen consumption of the vessel wall. These abnormalities are minimized or completely inhibited by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors or with oxygen radical scavengers. They were therefore ascribed to oxygen radicals generated in the course of accelerated arachidonate metabolism via cyclooxygenase. Following this type of brain injury, there is an increase in the activity of phospholipase c in the brain and a transient increase in brain concentration of prostaglandins. Superoxide anion radical was detected in the extracellular space of the brain both immediately following brain injury as well as one hour afterwards as the superoxide dismutase inhibitable portion of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. The sustained dilation and abnormal reactivity of cerebral arterioles following brain injury were also reversed by superoxide dismutase and catalase applied on the brain surface 30 minutes after injury. These results suggest that treatment with oxygen radical scavengers might be effective in inhibiting or reversing some of the effects of brain injury, even though the intervention with the therapeutic agents occurs sometime after the injury has taken place.
Transparent, Conductive Carbon Nanotube Films (2004)

We describe a simple process for the fabrication of ultrathin, transparent, optically homogeneous, electrically conducting films of pure single-walled carbon nanotubes and the transfer of those films to various substrates. For equivalent sheet resistance, the films exhibit optical transmittance comparable to that of commercial indium tin oxide in the visible spectrum, but far superior transmittance in the technologically relevant 2- to 5-micrometer infrared spectral band. These characteristics indicate broad applicability of the films for electrical coupling in photonic devices. In an example application, the films are used to construct an electric field-activated optical modulator, which constitutes an optical analog to the nanotube-based field effect transistor.
Expression of the complement regulatory proteins CD21, CD55 and CD59 on Burkitt lymphoma lines: their role in sensitivity to human serum‐mediated lysis (1992)

On a panel of nine human B cell lines we showed that the expression of the complement regulatory factors complement receptor type 2 (CR2; CD21), decay-accelerating factor, (DAF; CD55) and homologous restriction factor (HRF20, CD59) is not correlated. All lines expressed DAF, six lines carried detectable amounts of CR2 and three carried HRF20. Upon incubation in human serum, under conditions which allowed the activation of complement through the alternative pathway, the CR2-carrying lines bound C3 fragments and two of them (Ramos and one of its two sublines) were damaged. These two lines had the lowest DAF expression, less than 50% of the cells reacted with the IA10 monoclonal antibody. By modulating the expression of the complement regulatory molecules, the lytic sensitivity of the B cell lines could be altered. Blockade of DAF on the HRF20-, CR2+ lines with the specific monoclonal antibodies increased their sensitivity to lysis by human serum. With the DAF- and HRF20+ cells significant lytic effect was obtained only when they were pretreated with both of the specific antibodies. Interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment elevated the amount of CR2 on the low-CR2 expressor line (Ramos/HR1K) which thereafter bound higher amounts of C3 fragments and was lysed when incubated in human serum. This line had relatively low DAF level and lacked HRF20. The cytokine treatment did not alter the expression of these molecules. The CR2+ Ramos and the CR2- Rael cells were treated with 5-azacytidine which induced HRF20 and increased DAF expression. In parallel with this change Ramos cells became resistant to C-mediated lysis. The experiments with the panel of human B cell lines showed thus that cytolysis through activation of complement in homologous serum can be regulated at several steps by cell surface molecules. While expression of CR2 was required for C3 fixation, DAF and HRF20 inhibited lysis. By independent modulation of the quantities of these molecules, cells acquired or lost their sensitivity.
Prostate‐Specific antigen expression by various tumors (1995)

There is a growing body of evidence indicating that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may be present in many steroid hormone-stimulated epithelial tissues other than that of the prostate. In particular, breast tumor cell lines treated with steroid hormone receptor agonists, breast tumors, and normal human breast have recently been found by our group to contain PSA. To investigate whether PSA may also be present in other human tumors, we employed a highly sensitive immunofluorometric assay technique to quantify PSA immunoreactivity in tumor extracts. Using a PSA-positivity cutoff value of 0.005 ng per mg of protein, 23 of 43 diverse tumors tested positive for PSA protein. Confirmatory analyses for PSA by a commercially available method (IMx) on six samples demonstrated a high degree of concordance between the two methods. To establish the molecular weight of the immunoreactive species, the most highly positive tumor extracts of each tumor type were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. Whereas the majority of tumors had immunoreactivity eluting at both 100 KDa and 33 KDa, corresponding to PSA bound to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and free PSA, respectively, the colon and parotid tumors displayed immunoreactivity only at the 33 KDa fraction. We conclude that in addition to breast tumors and normal breast, colon, ovarian, liver, kidney, adrenal, and parotid tumors can also produce PSA. The physiological role of PSA in these tumors is currently under investigation.
Possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a lung transplant recipient with West Nile virus encephalitis (2002)

During the summer of 2000, a countrywide epidemic of West Nile fever (WNF) occurred in Israel, with 417 confirmed cases and 35 deaths. Immunosuppressed patients had a 31% case-fatality rate, which was significantly higher compared to non-immunosuppressed patients (13%). We describe a 42-year-old male lung-transplant recipient with serologically confirmed West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis and deteriorating level of consciousness. He was treated with 0.4 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin preparation from Israeli donors that contained a high titer of anti-WNV antibodies (1 : 1600). The patient showed rapid improvement within 24 h and complete disappearance of signs and symptoms within 48 h. This is the second case of an immunosuppressed patient responding to the same preparation of intravenous immunoglobulins. Larger studies are required in order to establish the therapeutic role of immunoglobulins in patients with WNF.
Development of a porcine renal extracellular matrix scaffold as a platform for kidney regeneration (2014)

Acellular scaffolds, possessing an intact three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and biochemical components, are promising for regeneration of complex organs, such as the kidney. We have successfully developed a porcine renal acellular scaffold and analyzed its physical/biochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and kidney reconstructive potential. Segmented porcine kidney cortexes were treated with either 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 (Triton) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Scanning electron microscopy showed both treatments preserved native tissue architecture, including porosity and composition. Swelling behavior was higher in the Triton-treated compared with the SDS-treated scaffold. Maximum compressive strength was lower in the Triton-treated compared with the SDS-treated scaffold. Attenuated total reflective-infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of amide II (-NH) in both scaffolds. Furthermore, richer ECM protein and growth factor contents were observed in the Triton-treated compared with SDS-treated scaffold. Primary human kidney cell adherence, viability, and proliferation were enhanced on the Triton-treated scaffold compared with SDS-treated scaffold. Following murine in vivo implantation, tumorigenecity was absent for both scaffolds after 8 weeks and in the Triton-treated scaffold only, glomeruli-like structure formation and neovascularity were observed. We identified 1% Triton X-100 as a more suitable decellularizing agent for porcine renal ECM scaffolds prior to kidney regeneration.
Proteopolymersomes: In vitro production of a membrane protein in polymersome membranes (2011)

Polymersomes are stable self-assembled architectures which mimic cell membranes. For characterization, membrane proteins can be incorporated into such bio-mimetic membranes by reconstitution methods, leading to so-called proteopolymersomes. In this work, we demonstrate the direct incorporation of a membrane protein into polymersome membranes by a cell-free expression system. Firstly, we demonstrate pore formation in the preformed polymersome membrane using α-hemolysin. Secondly, we use claudin-2, a protein involved in cell-cell interactions, to demonstrate the in vitro expression of a membrane protein into these polymersomes. Surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) binding studies with the claudin-2 proteopolymersomes and claudin-2 specific antibodies are performed to show the presence of the in vitro expressed protein in polymersome membranes.
Sample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSample stacking of an extremely large injection volume in high-performance capillary electrophoresisRing Ling. Chien and Dean S. BurgiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 9, 1046–1050Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00033a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00033a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views974Altmetric-Citations460LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long‐term bromocriptine treatment during late pregnancy has differential effects on milk yields of single‐ and twin‐bearing ewes (1997)

Abstract Treatment with 2a‐bromoergocriptine mesylate (CB154) was used to determine the effects on ovine lactogenesis of short‐ versus long‐term suppression of circulating prolactin (PRL) concentrations in single‐ and twin‐bearing ewes and whether the effects were associated with changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone or insulin. Ewes were housed under constant photoperiod (18 h light: 6 h dark) from 3–4 weeks pre‐partum until 8 days post‐partum, then grazed outdoors. Ewes were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of 2 mg CB154 for 20 ± 1. days pre‐partum (CB20 group, n = 10), or for 9 ± 1 days pre‐partum (CB9 group, n = 10), or with excipient injections for 19 ± 2 days pre‐partum (Control group, n = 9), and milked daily for the first week, then on Days 14, 21, and 28 post‐partum. CB154 inhibited PRL secretion and delayed lactogenesis with no consistent effects on plasma progesterone or insulin concentrations. PRL concentrations were higher ( P &lt; 0.05) in CB9 than in CB20 ewes from 14 days pre‐partum until 1 day post‐partum and plasma PRL concentrations in the two groups converged as they approached parturition ( P &lt; 0.01). There was no significant treatment group by pregnancy rank interaction for circulating PRL concentrations. Although the delay in lactogenesis did not differ between CB20 and CB9 ewes, CB 154 treatment was more effective in reducing milk yield in twin‐bearing than in single‐bearing ewes when used for 20 days, but not for 9 days, pre‐partum ( P &lt; 0.05). These results indicate that, during the period 20–10 days pre‐partum, CB154 treatment had a marked effect on milk yield in twin‐ but not single‐bearing ewes which can not be explained by corresponding effects on plasma PRL, progesterone, or insulin concentrations.
Optical coherence tomography detection of shear wave propagation in inhomogeneous tissue equivalent phantoms and ex-vivo carotid artery samples (2014)

In this work, we explored the potential of measuring shear wave propagation using optical coherence elastography (OCE) in an inhomogeneous phantom and carotid artery samples based on a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Shear waves were generated using a piezoelectric transducer transmitting sine-wave bursts of 400 μs duration, applying acoustic radiation force (ARF) to inhomogeneous phantoms and carotid artery samples, synchronized with a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) imaging system. The phantoms were composed of gelatin and titanium dioxide whereas the carotid artery samples were embedded in gel. Differential OCT phase maps, measured with and without the ARF, detected the microscopic displacement generated by shear wave propagation in these phantoms and samples of different stiffness. We present the technique for calculating tissue mechanical properties by propagating shear waves in inhomogeneous tissue equivalent phantoms and carotid artery samples using the ARF of an ultrasound transducer, and measuring the shear wave speed and its associated properties in the different layers with OCT phase maps. This method lays the foundation for future in-vitro and in-vivo studies of mechanical property measurements of biological tissues such as vascular tissues, where normal and pathological structures may exhibit significant contrast in the shear modulus.
Cytokine Regulation of the Rat Proopiomelanocortin Gene Expression in AtT-20 Cells (1998)

Although cytokines are known to be involved in the regulation of ACTH secretion, their effects, along with the molecular mechanisms, on POMC gene expression are not thoroughly characterized. In this study we examined the effects of representative cytokines on transcription of the POMC gene in corticotrophs in vitro using AtT20PL, a clone of the AtT20 cell line stably transfected with approximately 0.7 kilobase of the rat POMC 5'-promoter-luciferase fusion gene. In each experiment, cells were incubated with the cytokine tested, and the changes in POMC 5'-promoter activity were determined by a luciferase assay. The results showed that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) stimulated promoter activity in a biphasic manner [weak short term effects (2-3 h) followed by potent long term effects (>12-16 h)]. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha had similar effects, but much less potency. IL-6 showed a profound stimulatory, but only a long term (>20 h), effect. IL-2 did not influence POMC expression. In contrast, interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and IFN-gamma showed acute stimulatory effects (approximately 4 h) followed by marked inhibitory effects (>8 h). Although the acute effects of IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha alone were minimal, they significantly potentiated the stimulatory effect of CRH on POMC expression. Finally, pretreatment of the cells with a broad spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, abolished or significantly diminished the effects of all cytokines except IFNs. Our results suggest that 1) each cytokine tested has a distinct effect on POMC gene expression; 2) there are positive cross-talk effects between CRH and cytokines at the corticotroph level; and 3) tyrosine phosphorylation cascades are involved in the intracellular signaling mechanisms of some cytokines.
Fairness in network optimal flow control: optimality of product forms (1991)

Consideration is given to the problem of optimal flow control in a multiclass telecommunications environment where each user (or class) desires to optimize its performance while being fair to the other users (classes). The Nash (1950) arbitration scheme from game theory is shown to be a suitable candidate for a fair, optimal operation point in the sense that it satisfies certain axioms of fairness and is pareto optimal. This strategy can be realized by defining the product of individuals user performance objectives as the network optimization criterion. This provides the rationale for considering the product of user powers, as has been suggested in the literature. For delay constrained traffic, the constrained optimization problem of maximizing the product of user throughputs subject to the constraints leads to a Nash arbitration point. It is shown that these points are unique in throughput space, and the authors also obtain some convexity properties for power and delays with respect to throughputs in a Jackson network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronic transport through bent carbon nanotubes: Nanoelectromechanical sensors and switches (2003)

We theoretically investigate the mechanical deformations of armchair, zigzag, and zigzag-armchair kink nanotube structures, under severe bendings, within a tight-binding model. It is shown that the zigzag tube is stiffer than the armchair tube with the same diameter. The kink structure is found to be quite stable under severe bendings. Calculating the I-Vcharacteristics, we show that, at the same bias, the current of metallic tube decreases with increased bending, while that of semiconducting tube increases. Such a universal behavior is not observed for the kink structure due to two competing effects. Possible application to nanoelectromechanical sensors and switches is discussed.
Learning to predict the duration of an automobile trip (1998)

In this paper, we explore the use of machine learning and data mining to improve the prediction of travel times in an automobile. We consider two formulations of this problem, one that involves predicting speeds at different stages along the route and another that relies on direct prediction of transit time. We focus on the second formulation, which we apply to data collected from the San Diego freeway system. We report experiments on these data with k-nearest neighbour combined with a wrapper to select useful features and normalization parameters. The results suggest that 3-nearest neighbour, when using information from freeway sensors, substantially outperforms predictions available from existing digital maps. Analyses also reveal some surprises about the usefulness of other features like the time and day of the trip. Introduction Future drivers will expect accurate estimates of the time it will take them to travel along a given route, both for purposes of route planning and for dec...
Gates for Adiabatic Quantum Computing (2014)

The goal of this paper is to introduce building blocks for adiabatic quantum algorithms. Adiabatic quantum computing uses the principle of quantum annealing, which implies that a carefully controlled energy solution is optimal and corresponds to minimizing a discrete function. The input function can be influenced by rewards and penalties to favor a solution that meets restrictions that are imposed by the problem. We show how to accomplish this influence for gates in adiabatic quantum computing, particularly the controlled-NOT gate (CNOT gate) which is fundamental to all quantum gates on two or more qubits. In addition, we adapt the Toffoli gate, the Fredkin gate, and the Hadamard gate to the Ising objective function which is a foundation for discrete optimization on D-Wave System machines. The quantum work in this paper encompasses Boolean operations, some of which are used to construct gates. We think the possible advantages of the building blocks in this paper will enhance quantum algorithms on D-Wave System computers.
Protein Phosphorylation Catalyzed by Cyclic AMP-Dependent and Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (1980)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More