gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence that three adhesive proteins interact with a common recognition site on activated platelets. (1984)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the extreme COOH terminus of the gamma chain of fibrinogen gamma 400-411, (400)HHLGGAKQAGDV(411), have been used to analyze recognition specificities of the platelet-binding sites for fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor. gamma 403-411 did not inhibit 125I-fibrinogen binding to platelets. In contrast, gamma 402-411 produced dose-dependent inhibition of fibrinogen binding to ADP and thrombin-stimulated living or fixed cells and was a competitive antagonist. Inhibitory activity was not modified by addition of one (gamma 401-411) or two (gamma 400-411) histidinyl residues to the NH2 terminus, but peptides with a trifluoroacetyl group on the epsilon-amino group of lysine 406 were inactive. 125I-Fibronectin and 125I-von Willebrand factor binding to thrombin-stimulated living or fixed cells was inhibited in the same dose range by the same set of peptides which inhibited fibrinogen binding and not by gamma 403-411 or trifluoroacetate-blocked peptides. The capacity of the peptides to inhibit binding to cells with an expressed receptor, i.e. fixed cells, excludes an effect on receptor induction. Thus, these results suggest that the three adhesive glycoproteins share a common site on thrombin-activated platelets, and a 10-amino acid peptide, corresponding to gamma 402-411, defines the recognition specificity of this site.
Tissue microarrays: a new approach for quality control in immunohistochemistry (2002)

The regular use of an institution adapted tissue microarray would be useful for internal positive control in IHC to enable different laboratory demands. Furthermore, this technique improves the evaluation of staining results in IHC.
Effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on biological risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial (2011)

clinicaltrials.gov NCT00305097.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 4‐(1‐Aminoalkyl)‐N‐(4‐pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamides as Rho Kinase Inhibitors and Neurite Outgrowth Promoters. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Industrial Advanced Turbine Systems Program overview (1995)

DOE`s ATS Program will lead to the development of an optimized, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly gas turbine power systems in the 3 to 20 MW class. Market studies were conducted for application of ATS to the dispersed/distributed electric power generation market. The technology studies have led to the design of a gas-fired, recuperated, industrial size gas turbine. The Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine program continues. In the High Performance Steam Systems program, a 100 hour development test to prove the advanced 1500 F, 1500 psig system has been successfully completed. A market transformation will take place: the customer will be offered a choice of energy conversion technologies to meet heat and power generation needs into the next century.
Mouse glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand is costimulatory for T cells (2003)

Recently, agonist antibodies to glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 18) have been shown to neutralize the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. It was anticipated that this would be the role of the physiological ligand. We have identified and expressed the gene for mouse GITR ligand and have confirmed that its interaction with GITR reverses suppression by CD4+CD25+ T cells. It also, however, provides a costimulatory signal for the antigen-driven proliferation of naïve T cells and polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 clones. RT-PCR and mAb staining revealed mouse GITR ligand expression in dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Expression was controlled by the transcription factor NF-1 and potentially by alternative splicing of mRNA destabilization sequences.
Subcellular localization and tissue distribution of sialic acid precursor-forming enzymes (1983)

The enzymes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, N-acetylmannosamine kinase, N-acetylglucosamine kinase and N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, which are involved in the metabolism of N-acetylneuraminic acid, were studied in rat with regard to their subcellular localization and tissue distribution. The subcellular distribution studies in liver indicated that the enzymes are localized in the soluble cell fraction. In other tissues the comparison of enzyme activities in homogenates with that in high-speed supernatants led to a similar conclusion. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, N-acetylglucosamine kinase and N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase were detected in almost all tissues studied. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase, two enzymes considered to be key enzymes in the N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis, were detected only in sialoglycoprotein-secreting tissues, i.e. liver, salivary gland and intestinal mucosa. The low activity of the key enzymes in other tissues suggests that the biosynthetic pathway of N-acetylneuraminic acid is not the same in various tissues.
From stem cells to lymphocytes; biology and transplantation (1997)

We review the development of the hematopoietic system, focusing on the transition from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to T cells. This includes the isolation of HSCs, and recent progress in understanding their ontogeny, homing properties, and differentiation. HSC transplantation is reviewed, including the kinetics of reconstitution, engraftment across histocompatibility barriers, the facilitation of allogeneic engraftment, and the mechanisms of graft rejection. We describe progress in understanding T-cell development in the bone marrow and thymus as well as the establishment of lymph nodes. Finally, the role of bcl-2 in regulating homeostasis in the hematopoietic system is discussed.
Automatic equalization using transversal filters (1967)

The restriction that linear distortion imposes on the flow of information has been well known for some time. Consequently, means have been developed for reducing this distortion through the insertion of compensating linear devices. In the past this reduction has been achieved through the use of conventional lumped-parameter networks, quite static by nature. The use of the transversal filter, however, provides a more dynamic and flexible approach. This device is well suited to automatic and even adaptive operation, and thus it can meet the demands of a channel with time-varying distortion.
Thermally Stable, High Performance Transfer Doping of Diamond using Transition Metal Oxides (2018)

We report on optimisation of the environmental stability and high temperature operation of surface transfer doping in hydrogen-terminated diamond using MoO<sub>3</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> surface acceptor layers. In-situ annealing of the hydrogenated diamond surface at 400 °C was found to be crucial to enhance long-term doping stability. High temperature sheet resistance measurements up to 300 °C were performed to examine doping thermal stability. Exposure of MoO<sub>3</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> transfer-doped hydrogen-terminated diamond samples up to a temperature of 300 °C in ambient air showed significant and irreversible loss in surface conductivity. Thermal stability was found to improve dramatically however when similar thermal treatment was performed in vacuum or in ambient air when the oxide layers were encapsulated with a protective layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). Inspection of the films by X-ray diffraction revealed greater crystallisation of the MoO<sub>3</sub> layers following thermal treatment in ambient air compared to the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films which appeared to remain amorphous. These results suggest that proper encapsulation and passivation of these oxide materials as surface acceptor layers on hydrogen-terminated diamond is essential to maximise their environmental and thermal stability.
Anharmonic force field of the metaborate ion in alkali halides (1973)

The anharmonic force field of metaborate BO2− isolated in KCl and KBr lattices has been calculated using the simplified quartic force field introduced by Smith and Overend. These force fields have been used to calculate approximate force fields of metaborate in other alkali halide lattices.
Age at Onset and Sex Ratio in Cluster Headache: Observations Over Three Decades (2002)

Five hundred and fifty-four patients with episodic cluster headache (ECH) and chronic cluster headache (CCH) were examined between 1963 and 1997. Mean age at onset was significantly higher in women with CCH compared with women with ECH and in men with ECH or CCH. In women with CCH age at onset was evenly distributed from 10 to 69 years, whereas in men with CCH and in both sexes with ECH, there was a peak when they were in their 20s. In women with ECH a second peak of onset occurred in their 50s. Although not statistically significant, primary CCH started later in women (mean 50.8 years) than secondary CCH (mean 35.5 years). There was a significant variation in the male : female ratio with respect to age at onset, being largest between 30 and 49 years of age (ECH 7.2 : 1; CCH 11.0 : 1) and lowest after 50 (ECH 2.3 : 1; CCH 0.6 : 1). During the observation period of more than 30 years there was a trend towards a decreasing male preponderance; the male : female ratio was significantly higher among patients with onset before rather than after 1970. The proportion of episodic vs. chronic CH did not change during the study period. The nature of the sex- and age-related pattern of cluster headache onset remains to be elucidated but mechanisms associated with sex hormone regulation, perhaps of hypothalamic origin, may be involved, as well as environmental factors related to lifestyle.
Evaluating the binding selectivity of transthyretin amyloid fibril inhibitors in blood plasma (2001)

Transthyretin (TTR) tetramer dissociation and misfolding facilitate assembly into amyloid fibrils that putatively cause senile systemic amyloidosis and familial amyloid polyneuropathy. We have previously discovered more than 50 small molecules that bind to and stabilize tetrameric TTR, inhibiting amyloid fibril formation in vitro. A method is presented here to evaluate the binding selectivity of these inhibitors to TTR in human plasma, a complex biological fluid composed of more than 60 proteins and numerous small molecules. Our immunoprecipitation approach isolates TTR and bound small molecules from a biological fluid such as plasma, and quantifies the amount of small molecules bound to the protein by HPLC analysis. This approach demonstrates that only a small subset of the inhibitors that saturate the TTR binding sites in vitro do so in plasma. These selective inhibitors can now be tested in animal models of TTR amyloid disease to probe the validity of the amyloid hypothesis. This method could be easily extended to evaluate small molecule binding selectivity to any protein in a given biological fluid without the necessity of determining or guessing which other protein components may be competitors. This is a central issue to understanding the distribution, metabolism, activity, and toxicity of potential drugs.
The histologic grading of cancer (1995)

The tumor grade was a strong prognostic indicator for cancers of the urinary bladder, endometrium, and prostate--sites most often graded by pathologists. The histologic grade was also an important determinant of outcome for cancers of the brain, soft tissue, and breast; however, only a small percentage of these tumors were graded. The results are important because no common criteria for grading were established among the many contributing pathologists. Therefore, observer variation did not alter the known relationship of histologic grade to outcome. This review demonstrates that the histologic grade is a strong predictor of outcome that refines the prognostic information provided by the stage of disease.
B‐cell receptor signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in normal and malignant cells (2014)

The physiology of B cells is intimately connected with the function of their B-cell receptor (BCR). B-cell lymphomas frequently (dys)regulate BCR signalling and thus take advantage of this pre-existing pathway for B-cell proliferation and survival. This has recently been underscored by clinical trials demonstrating that small molecules (fosfamatinib, ibrutinib, idelalisib) inhibiting BCR-associated kinases (SYK, BTK, PI3K) have an encouraging clinical effect. Here we describe the current knowledge of the specific aspects of BCR signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and normal B cells. Multiple factors can contribute to BCR pathway (dys)regulation in these malignancies and the activation of 'chronic' or 'tonic' BCR signalling. In lymphoma B cells, the balance of initiation, amplitude and duration of BCR activation can be influenced by a specific immunoglobulin structure, the expression and mutations of adaptor molecules (like GAB1, BLNK, GRB2, CARD11), the activity of kinases (like LYN, SYK, PI3K) or phosphatases (like SHIP-1, SHP-1 and PTEN) and levels of microRNAs. We also discuss the crosstalk of BCR with other signalling pathways (NF-κB, adhesion through integrins, migration and chemokine signalling) to emphasise that the 'BCR inhibitors' target multiple pathways interconnected with BCR, which might explain some of their clinical activity.
Inhibitory effect of tumor cell–derived lactic acid on human T cells (2007)

A characteristic feature of tumors is high production of lactic acid due to enhanced glycolysis. Here, we show a positive correlation between lactate serum levels and tumor burden in cancer patients and examine the influence of lactic acid on immune functions in vitro. Lactic acid suppressed the proliferation and cytokine production of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) up to 95% and led to a 50% decrease in cytotoxic activity. A 24-hour recovery period in lactic acid-free medium restored CTL function. CTLs infiltrating lactic acid-producing multicellular tumor spheroids showed a reduced cytokine production. Pretreatment of tumor spheroids with an inhibitor of lactic acid production prevented this effect. Activated T cells themselves use glycolysis and rely on the efficient secretion of lactic acid, as its intracellular accumulation disturbs their metabolism. Export by monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) depends on a gradient between cytoplasmic and extracellular lactic acid concentrations and consequently, blockade of MCT-1 resulted in impaired CTL function. We conclude that high lactic acid concentrations in the tumor environment block lactic acid export in T cells, thereby disturbing their metabolism and function. These findings suggest that targeting this metabolic pathway in tumors is a promising strategy to enhance tumor immunogenicity.
Models for the study of Clostridium difficile infection (2012)

Models of Clostridium difficile infection (C. difficile) have been used extensively for Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) research. The hamster model of C. difficile infection has been most extensively employed for the study of C. difficile and this has been used in many different areas of research, including the induction of C. difficile, the testing of new treatments, population dynamics and characterization of virulence. Investigations using in vitro models for C. difficile introduced the concept of colonization resistance, evaluated the role of antibiotics in C. difficile development, explored population dynamics and have been useful in the evaluation of C. difficile treatments. Experiments using models have major advantages over clinical studies and have been indispensible in furthering C. difficile research. It is important for future study programs to carefully consider the approach to use and therefore be better placed to inform the design and interpretation of clinical studies.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics (2019)

Both MAb114 and REGN-EB3 were superior to ZMapp in reducing mortality from EVD. Scientifically and ethically sound clinical research can be conducted during disease outbreaks and can help inform the outbreak response. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; PALM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03719586.).
Inhibition of Tissue Factor Gene Activation in Cultured Endothelial Cells by Curcumin (1997)

Binding of plasma factor VII(a) to tissue factor (TF) initiates the coagulation cascade. In health, TF is not expressed in endothelial cells. However, endothelial cells express TF in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and other biological stimuli. TF expression by endothelial cells is implicated in thrombotic disorders in patients with a variety of clinical disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate that curcumin (diferulolylmethane), a known anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), LPS, TNF alpha, and thrombin-induced TF activity and TF gene transcription in human endothelial cells. The present data show that curcumin prevented the activation of c-Rel/p65, which is essential for TF gene activation in endothelial cells, by impairing the proteolytic degradation inhibitor protein, I kappa B alpha. The data also show that curcumin downregulated AP-1 binding activity. The present studies are the first to demonstrate that PMA, but not LPS, TNF alpha, and thrombin, induced Egr-1 binding to the second serum-responsive region (SRR-2) of TF promoter and that curcumin inhibited the PMA-induced Egr-1 binding to SRR-2. Overall, the data suggest that the anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin may be related to its ability to inhibit cellular gene expression regulated by transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1, and Egr-1.
Bias voltage and temperature dependence of magnetotunneling effect (1998)

We have studied systematically the magnetotunneling properties of several metallic magnetictunnel-junction systems (Ni80Fe20–insulator–Ni80Fe20,Ni80Fe20–I–Co,Co–I–Co, Ni40Fe60–I–Co). The room-temperature magnetoresistance MR value at zero-bias ranges between 16% and 27%, depending on the spin polarization of the electrodes. There seems to be a general bias dependence of MR in all of these systems. In particular, it requires a bias in the range of 0.22–0.23 V to suppress the maximum MR value by half. We have also measured the bias dependence of MR as a function of barrier parameters (thickness and oxidation time). At low temperature, a sharp cusplike feature appears near zero bias. In some cases, low-temperature MR values substantially exceed expectations from established spin-polarization.
Exploiting Open-Endedness to Solve Problems Through the Search for Novelty (2008)

This paper establishes a link between the challenge of solv-ing highly ambitious problems in machine learning and the goal of reproducing the dynamics of open-ended evolution in artificial life. A major problem with the objective function in machine learning is that through deception it may actu-ally prevent the objective from being reached. In a similar way, selection in evolution may sometimes act to discourage increasing complexity. This paper proposes a single idea that both overcomes the obstacle of deception and suggests a sim-ple new approach to open-ended evolution: Instead of either explicitly seeking an objective or modeling a domain to cap-ture the open-endedness of natural evolution, the idea is to simply search for novelty. Even in an objective-based prob-lem, such novelty search ignores the objective and searches for behavioral novelty. Yet because many points in the search space collapse to the same point in behavior space, it turns out that the search for novelty is computationally feasible. Furthermore, because there are only so many simple behav-iors, the search for novelty leads to increasing complexity. In fact, on the way up the ladder of complexity, the search is likely to encounter at least one solution. In this way, by de-coupling the idea of open-ended search from only artificial life worlds, the raw search for novelty can be applied to real world problems. Counterintuitively, in the deceptive maze navigation task in this paper, novelty search significantly out-performs objective-based search, suggesting a surprising new approach to machine learning.
TNF-α Is a Positive Regulatory Factor for Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells (2008)

Vgamma2 Vdelta2 T cells in human peripheral blood recognize phosphoantigen and play important roles in host defense and immunoregulation. The TCR is required for Vgamma2 Vdelta2 T cell responses to phosphoantigen, but less is known about soluble or cell-associated costimulatory molecules. In this study, we show that human Vgamma2 Vdelta2 T cell responses to phosphoantigen, including activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and tumor cell cytotoxicity, require TNF-alpha binding to its receptor, with a preference for TNFR2. Because stimulated Vgamma2 Vdelta2 cells also produce TNF-alpha, this may be a positive control mechanism to sustain the response. Impaired proliferation in the presence of TNF-alpha or TNFR blocking agents was partially rescued by a TLR2 agonist, Pam(3)Cys. Our studies demonstrate that TNF-alpha plays a critical role in regulating human Vgamma2 Vdelta2 T cell immune responses.
Role of positron emission tomography in urological oncology (2010)

• Positron emission tomography (PET) is a diagnostic tool using radiotracers to show changes in metabolic activities in tissues. We analysed the role of PET and PET/computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of urological tumours. • A critical, non-structured review of the literature of the role of PET and PET/CT in urological oncology was conducted. • PET and PET/CT can play a role in the management of urological malignancies. For prostate cancer, the advances in radiotracers seems promising, with novel radiotracers yielding better diagnostic and staging results than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). In kidney cancer, PET and PET/CT allow a proper diagnosis before the pathological examination of the surgical specimen. For testis cancer, PET and PET/CT have been shown to be useful in the management of seminoma tumours. In bladder cancer, these scans allow a better initial diagnosis for invasive cancer, while detecting occult metastases. • PET and its combined modality PET/CT have shown their potential in the diagnosis of urological malignancies. However, further studies are needed to establish the role of PET in the management of these diseases. Future applications of PET may involve fusion techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging with PET.
About this Book (2013)

Mathematics is a subject with patterns that generate enormous pleasure for some and problems that cause impossible difficulties for others. The situation is made more complicated by different views of what mathematics is and how it should be taught. This book takes a journey from the early conceptions of a newborn child to the frontiers of mathematical research. Its purpose is to present a framework that enables everyone with an interest in mathematical thinking, at any level, to communicate with others in a manner appropriate for their needs. At its foundation is the most fundamental question of all:
The role of microRNAs in endometriosis and associated reproductive conditions (2009)

miRNAs appear to be potent regulators of gene expression in endometriosis and its associated reproductive disorders, raising the prospect of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in endometriosis.