gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of the Low-Immunogenic Antimesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 in Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, and new therapies are needed. RG7787 is a novel low-immunogenic antimesothelin recombinant immunotoxin (RIT), engineered to overcome the limitations of SS1P, a RIT now in clinical trials. In vitro activity was evaluated on five established PDAC cell lines (KLM-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Panc 3.014, and PK-1) and on PDAC cells directly established from a patient tumor (GUMC108). RG7787 had subnanomolar IC50s in most cell lines, and was significantly more active than SS1P in GUMC108, KLM-1, and Panc 3.014 cells. GUMC108 was most sensitive, with RG7787 killing >99% of the cells. In a subcutaneous KLM-1 xenograft mouse model, two cycles of 3 × 2.5 mg/kg RG7787 QOD combined with two cycles of 1 × 50 mg/kg paclitaxel induced near-complete responses, with all tumors regressing below 5 mm(3) within 30 days after therapy was initiated (>95% decrease) and no significant growth increase for at least another 3 weeks. RG7787 alone gave limited but significant regressions and paclitaxel by itself arrested tumor growth. Quantifying the uptake of Alexa Fluor 647-labeled RG7787 in tumors showed that the RIT reached only 45% of KLM-1 cells, accounting in part for the limited responses. Paclitaxel did not improve RG7787 uptake, which thus cannot explain the beneficial effect of the combination therapy. In conclusion, RG7787 has high cytotoxic activity on PDAC cell lines as well as on primary patient cells. In vivo, this novel RIT gives durable near-complete tumor responses when combined with paclitaxel. RG7787 merits further evaluation for the treatment of PDAC.
Security Risk Management in complex organization (2015)

Security Risk Management is foundation and starting point for implementation of security measures in any organization and challenge by itself. But in complex organizations there are additional challenges, how to align IT Security Risk Management with overall Security Risk Management and later with the Company's overall Risk Management. When organization is part of some international corporation, corporative rules also need to be followed in addition to legal and regulation rules. In telecom industry in regular operations also is very important that security assessment could be performed in short timeslot as support for operational decisions. Croatian Telecom as a part of Deutsche Telecom Group is facing all of this issues in addition to ISO 27001 requirements against which the Company is certified. To solve the challenge, the Company developed three methodologies for Information Security Risk Management. All of these methodologies are merged in common Risk Register as well as aligned with the Company's Risk Management. In this paper each Information Security Risk Management methodology will be described including its application area, as well as how recognized security risks are shown in common Risk Register and how they relate to the Company's Risk Management.
Efficient load balancing for wide-area divide-and-conquer applications (2001)

Divide-and-conquer programs are easily parallelized by letting the programmer annotate potential parallelism in the form of spawn and sync constructs. To achieve efficient program execution, the generated work load has to be balanced evenly among the available CPUs. For single cluster systems, Random Stealing (RS) is known to achieve optimal load balancing. However, RS is inefficient when applied to hierarchical wide-area systems where multiple clusters are connected via wide-area networks (WANs) with high latency and low bandwidth.
Xenogeneic proliferation and lymphokine production are dependent on CD4+ helper T cells and self antigen-presenting cells in the mouse. (1990)

We studied proliferation and interleukin 2 production by B6 mouse spleen cells in response to stimulation by irradiated cynomolgus monkey spleen cells and compared the results with responses against whole MHC-disparate allogeneic controls (BALB/c). We found that (a) primary xenogeneic helper responses were absent, whereas primary allogeneic responses were brisk, (b) secondary xenogeneic helper responses were dependent on CD4+ T cells and responder antigen-presenting cells (APCs), whereas allogeneic responses could be mediated by either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells independently and were primarily dependent on the presence of stimulator APCs, and (c) secondary xenogeneic helper responses were blocked by an antibody directed against responder class II MHC molecules. These results suggest that mouse helper T cells recognize disparate xenoantigens as processed peptides in association with self class II MHC molecules, similar to the recognition of nominal antigens and unlike direct allo-recognition.
Androgen Supplementation in Older Women: Too Much Hype, Not Enough Data (2002)

Androgen supplementation in women has received enormous attention in the scientific and lay communities. That it enhances some aspects of cognitive function, sexual function, muscle mass, strength, and sense of well-being is not in question. What is not known is whether physiological testosterone replacement can improve health-related outcome in older women without its virilizing side effects. Although it is assumed that the testosterone dose-response relationship is different in women than in men and that clinically relevant outcomes on the above-mentioned effects can be achieved at lower testosterone doses, these assumptions have not been tested rigorously. Androgen deficiency has no clear-cut definition. Clinical features may include impaired sexual function, low energy, depression, and a total testosterone level of less than 15 ng/dL, the lower end of the normal range. Measurement of free testosterone is ideal, because it provides a better estimate of the biologically relevant fraction. It is not widely used in clinical practice, because some methods of measuring free testosterone assay are hampered by methodological difficulties. In marked contrast to the abrupt decline in estrogen and progesterone production at menopause, serum testosterone is lower in older women than in menstruating women, with the decline becoming apparent a decade before menopause. This article reviews testosterone's effects on sexual function, cognitive function, muscle mass, body composition, and immune function in postmenopausal women.
POLYCATION-POLYANION COMPLEXES: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLY-(VINYLBENZYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM) POLY-(STYRENESULFONATE) (1961)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1961.
Natürliche Stilbene, II. Synthese von Polyhydroxystilbenen (1971)

Abstract Die Synthese hochhydroxylierter, natürlicher Stilbene, z. B. Oxyresveratrol ( 21a ), Piceatannol ( 21b ), Rhapontigenin ( 21c ) und Desoxyrhapontigenin ( 21e ) wird beschrieben. Sie gelingt erstmals durch Umsetzung von Triphenyl‐[3.5‐dihydroxy‐benzyl]‐phosphoniumbromid ( 3a ) mit den silylierten Hydroxybenzaldehyden 19 bei Gegenwart eines überschusses an Phenyllithium. Mit 3.5‐Dihydroxy‐benzylphosphonsäurediäthylester ( 11a ) lassen sich einige Hydroxystilbene ( 13a – d ) nur in sehr geringen Mengen gewinnen (Tab. 1). – Die dargestellten Polyhydroxystilbene 21 besitzen auf Grund der IR‐, UV‐ (Tab. 3) sowie der NMR‐Spektren (Tab. 4) trans ‐Konfiguration.
Issues in supporting event-based architectural styles (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Issues in supporting event-based architectural styles Authors: Antonio Carzaniga Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, COView Profile , Elisabetta Di Nitto CEFRIEL and UCI, Milano, Italy CEFRIEL and UCI, Milano, ItalyView Profile , David S. Rosenblum Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CAView Profile , Alexander L. Wolf Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, COView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISAW '98: Proceedings of the third international workshop on Software architectureNovember 1998 Pages 17–20https://doi.org/10.1145/288408.288413Published:01 November 1998Publication History 37citation529DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations37Total Downloads529Last 12 Months29Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Acyclic Enones in the Presence of Planar-Chiral Phosphaferrocene-Oxazoline Ligands (2002)

A new subclass of chiral phosphaferrocene-oxazoline ligands has been applied to the copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of diethylzinc to acyclic enones, furnishing good enantioselectivity. The ligand design readily lends itself to modification, thereby facilitating optimization of ee. Although the dominant stereocontrol element in these 1,4-addition processes is the central chirality of the oxazoline subunit of the ligand, not the planar chirality of the phosphaferrocene, altering the phosphaferrocene subunit can provide useful enhancement of enantioselectivity.
The Seduction of Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Philosophical Tale
A Versatile Computer Simulation Tool for Design and Analysis of Electric and Hybrid Drive Trains (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper discusses a new computer simulation tool, V-Elph, which extends the capabilities of previous modeling and simulation efforts by facilitating in-depth studies of any type of hybrid or all electric configuration or energy management strategy through visual programming and by creating components as hierarchical subsystems which can be used interchangeably as embedded systems. V-Elph is composed of detailed models of four major types of components: electric motors, internal combustion engines, batteries, and vehicle dynamics which can be integrated to simulate drive trains having all electric, series hybrid, and parallel hybrid configurations. V-Elph was written in the Matlab/Simulink graphical simulation language and is portable to most computer platforms.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A simulation study of a sustainable, electrically-peaking hybrid-electric vehicle was performed to illustrate the applicability of V-Elph to hybrid and electric vehicle design.&lt;/div&gt;
The effect of drugs commonly used in the treatment of equine articular disorders on the activity of equine matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and 9 (1998)

Loss of articular cartilage, which is the most important pathological lesion occurring in osteoarthritis, has been shown to be enzymatically mediated. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes which have been implicated in this degradation of articular cartilage matrix. The use of pharmacological agents to inhibit this catabolic process in the joint is a potential route for therapeutic intervention. The gelatinase MMPs, MMPs-2 and 9, were purified by affinity chromatography from equine cell cultures. The ability of phenylbutazone, flunixin, betamethasone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), hyaluronan, pentosan polysulphate and polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) to inhibit equine MMPs-2 and 9 were assessed by two degradation assays. Whilst some agents did have direct effects on MMP activity, these effects were only obtained at concentrations which were unlikely to be achieved for any length of time in vivo. It is improbable that any pharmacological agent, currently used in the horse, has a significant effect on gelatinase MMP activity.
Novel high drain breakdown voltage AlGaN/GaN HFETs using selective thermal oxidation process (2002)

We have developed novel selective thermal oxidation process for AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors (HFETs) and realized extremely high device isolation and high drain breakdown voltage device of over 100 V. The leakage current of device isolation between two active islands exhibited drastic reduction of 5 order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional mesa isolation process. Moreover, the fabricated 1.3 /spl mu/m-gatelength AlGaN/GaN HFETs exhibited maximum transconductance (gm/sub max/) of 130 mS/mm, maximum drain current (I/sub max/) of 500 mA/mm and excellent pinch off characteristics at high drain voltage of over 120 V.
Latent TGF-β–binding protein 4 modifies muscular dystrophy in mice (2009)

Most single-gene diseases, including muscular dystrophy, display a nonuniform phenotype. Phenotypic variability arises, in part, due to the presence of genetic modifiers that enhance or suppress the disease process. We employed an unbiased mapping approach to search for genes that modify muscular dystrophy in mice. In a genome-wide scan, we identified a single strong locus on chromosome 7 that influenced two pathological features of muscular dystrophy, muscle membrane permeability and muscle fibrosis. Within this genomic interval, an insertion/deletion polymorphism of 36 bp in the coding region of the latent TGF-beta-binding protein 4 gene (Ltbp4) was found. Ltbp4 encodes a latent TGF-beta-binding protein that sequesters TGF-beta and regulates its availability for binding to the TGF-beta receptor. Insertion of 12 amino acids into the proline-rich region of LTBP4 reduced proteolytic cleavage and was associated with reduced TGF-beta signaling, decreased fibrosis, and improved muscle pathology in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. In contrast, a 12-amino-acid deletion in LTBP4 was associated with increased proteolysis, SMAD signaling, and fibrosis. These data identify Ltbp4 as a target gene to regulate TGF-beta signaling and modify outcomes in muscular dystrophy.
Thymic selection of CD8+ single positive cells with a class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptor. (1994)

We describe mice that express a transgenic T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR-alpha/beta) specific for peptide 111-119 from influenza hemagglutinin presented by I-Ed class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The transgenic TCR is expressed on CD4+8- as well as CD4-8+ mature T cells even in mice that are deficient in rearrangement or do not express endogenous TCR-alpha genes. The CD4-8+ T cells require I-Ed class II MHC molecules for positive selection and can be activated to proliferate and to kill by I-Ed molecules presenting the relevant peptide. Full maturation of these cells, however, also requires the presence of class I MHC molecules. The results are compatible with the notion that T cell maturation requires multiple receptor-ligand interactions and establish an exception to the rule that class II-restricted TCRs are exclusively expressed by mature CD4+8- cells.
Rapid understanding of scientific paper collections: Integrating statistics, text analytics, and visualization (2012)

Keeping up with rapidly growing research fields, especially when there are multiple interdisciplinary sources, requires substantial effort for researchers, program managers, or venture capital investors. Current theories and tools are directed at finding a paper or website, not gaining an understanding of the key papers, authors, controversies, and hypotheses. This report presents an effort to integrate statistics, text analytics, and visualization in a multiple coordinated window environment that supports exploration. Our prototype system, A ction S cience E xplorer ( ASE ), provides an environment for demonstrating principles of coordination and conducting iterative usability tests of them with interested and knowledgeable users. We developed an understanding of the value of reference management, statistics, citation text extraction, natural language summarization for single and multiple documents, filters to interactively select key papers, and network visualization to see citation patterns and identify clusters. A three‐phase usability study guided our revisions to ASE and led us to improve the testing methods.
Strained Si nanowire tunnel FETs and inverters (2013)

Steep slope devices, like Tunnel FETs (TFETs), provide small subthreshold slope (SS) <60mV/dec at 300K and low I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</inf> , enabling low consumptions of both dynamic and static power. Simulations of TFETs show higher (x8) performance at Vdd ∼ 0.3 V than MOSFETs at the same standby power and switching energy [1].
Correlates of survival and the Daumas-Duport grading system for astrocytomas (1991)

In order to examine the correlation between prognosis and the histological features of nuclear atypia, mitosis, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis in supratentorial adult astrocytomas, the authors reviewed 251 such cases treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1972 and 1980. One point was given for the presence of each feature. The total number of features was translated into a grade as follows: none of the four features = Grade 1 (one patient), one feature = Grade 2 (36 patients), two features = Grade 3 (33 patients), and three or four features = Grade 4 (181 patients). The period of survival was significantly associated with grade, the presence or absence of each of the four histological features, patient's age, type of operation, radiation therapy, and extent of tumor (log rank, p less than 0.05). The variables associated with grade were age (p less than 0.001) and radiation therapy (p less than 0.02). After adjustment for these variables using a Cox proportional-hazards model, the difference in overall survival time between patients in Grades 2 and 3 was not statistically significant. When comparable groups of patients were examined in terms of age or receipt of radiation therapy, the median survival times differed markedly. Patients 50 years of age or less had a median survival time of 68 months (Grade 2 tumors), 29 months (Grade 3 tumors), and 13 months (Grade 4 tumors). Patients over 50 years of age had a median survival time of 6 months (Grade 2 and 4 tumors) and 9 months (Grade 3 tumors). Those patients who had received radiation therapy had a median survival time of 68 months (Grade 2 tumors), 21 months (Grade 3 tumors), and 11 months (Grade 4 tumors). Those patients who did not receive radiation therapy had a median survival time of 1 month (Grade 2 tumors) and 2 months (Grade 3 and 4 tumors); over half of these patients died within 2 months of surgery. This grading system, originally proposed by Daumas-Duport, et al., is simple, objective, and reproducible, and correlates well with survival times. The authors recommend that astrocytomas be graded on a scale of 1 to 4, with Grade 1 reserved for the rare adult supratentorial astrocytoma with none of the four histological features.
In vivo anti-angiogenic effects further support the promise of the antineoplasic activity of methyl jasmonate (2010)

Molecular plant components have long been aimed at the angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis pathways, and have been tested as sources for antineoplasic drugs with promising success. The present work deals with the anti-angiogenic effects of Methyl Jasmonate. Jasmonate derivatives were demonstrated to selectively damage the mitochondria of cancer cells. In vitro, 1-10 mM Methyl Jasmonate induced the cell death of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the Murine melanoma cells (B16F10), while micromolar concentrations were ineffective. In vivo, comparable concentrations were toxic and reduced the vessel density of the Chorioallantoic Membrane of the Chicken Embryo (CAM). However, 1-10 microM concentrations produced a complex effect. There was increased capillary budding, but the new vessels were leakier and less organised than corresponding controls. It is suggested that not only direct toxicity, but also the drug effects upon angiogenesis are relevant to the antineoplasic effects of Methyl Jasmonate.
Noninvasive surgery of prostate tissue by high-intensity focused ultrasound (1996)

Modern ultrasound transducer material and matching layer technology has permitted us to combine the ultrasound visualization capability with production of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on the same ceramic crystal. This development has lead to the design of a transrectal probe for noninvasive surgery of prostate tissue by HIFU. The combined capability using the same ceramic crystal simplifies treatment planning, targeting, and monitoring of tissue before and during the HIFU treatment. This mechanically scanning transrectal probe was introduced for clinical use in 1992 for noninvasive surgery of the prostate to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) condition. This paper reviews major steps progressing from conception to the present clinical trial status of the HIFU device. During these clinical studies generation of microbubbles and cavitation were observed. Data from microbubble generation, temperature monitoring in tissue, and autopsy of HIFU-treated animal prostates are presented. Results of human clinical studies are briefly summarized to indicate performance of the device.
Prolonged IL-2 receptor alpha/CD25 expression after T cell activation via the adhesion molecules CD2 and CD28. Demonstration of combined transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation (1992)

The T cell adhesion molecule CD28 provides a costimulatory signal in combination with CD2 and CD3 mAb. CD28 regulates the expression of cytokines by T cells, not only IL-2, but also IL-1 alpha and CSF-1, usually synthesized by accessory cells. We have investigated the mechanisms through which CD28 modulates the expression of the IL-2R alpha chain. Whereas activation through CD2 or CD28 alone induced no or only low IL-2R alpha chain expression, activation through CD2 plus CD28 led to both a high and prolonged (greater than 14 days) cell surface and mRNA expression. In contrast, immobilized CD3 mAb-dependent activation induced a transient expression of the IL-2R alpha chain, which was neither further increased nor prolonged by CD28 costimulation. Upon CD2 plus CD28 stimulation, the half-lives of the two IL-2R alpha transcripts increased progressively between days 1 and 4, in contrast to each pathway alone. Whereas each activation pathway alone induced either no (CD2) or low (CD28) levels of IL-2R alpha gene transcription, the CD2 plus CD28 stimulation was associated with its increased transcription, which persisted at similar rates between 5 and 96 h post stimulation. The in vitro costimulation via the CD2 and CD28 molecules thus regulates the expression of the IL-2R alpha gene both at the transcriptional and post transcriptional levels. Our results therefore demonstrate a new immunoregulatory function of the CD28 molecule on IL-2R alpha expression, which, through its increased transcription rate and stabilization, could, together with high levels of cytokines secretion, be responsible for the prolonged T cell proliferation.
Immunoglobulin Adsorption in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2000)

In IDC, the use of immunoadsorption is superior to the use of standard medical therapy. It significantly improves cardiac performance and clinical status.