gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antirheumatic drug leflunomide inhibits osteoclastogenesis by interfering with receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand–stimulated induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (2004)

Leflunomide has a direct inhibitory effect on RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the induction of NF-ATc1, the master switch regulator for osteoclast differentiation. Our study suggests that the direct inhibitory action of leflunomide on osteoclast differentiation constitutes an important aspect in the amelioration of bone destruction, and that the RANKL-dependent NF-ATc1 induction pathway is a promising target for pharmacologic intervention in arthritic bone destruction.
Population-Based Rates of Revision of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review (2010)

Data reported from national registries suggest revision risks of 5 to 20% ten years following primary THA. Revision risks are lower in older THA recipients. Uncemented implants may have higher ten-year rates of revision, regardless of age.
A humanized anti-M2 scFv shows protective in vitro activity against influenza (2008)

M2 is one of the most conserved influenza proteins, and has been widely prospected as a potential universal vaccine target, with protection predominantly mediated by antibodies. In this paper we describe the creation of a humanized single chain Fv from 14C2, a potent monoclonal antibody against M2. We show that the humanized scFv demonstrates similar activity to the parental mAb: it is able to recognize M2 in its native context on cell surfaces and is able to show protective in vitro activity against influenza, and so represents a potential lead antibody candidate for universal prophylactic or therapeutic intervention in influenza.
Outer Membrane Targeting of Passenger Proteins by the Vacuolating Cytotoxin Autotransporter of Helicobacter pylori (2001)

Helicobacter pylori produces a number of proteins associated with the outer membrane, including adhesins and the vacuolating cytotoxin. These proteins are supposed to integrate into the outer membrane by beta-barrel structures, characteristic of the family of autotransporter proteins. By using the SOMPES (shuttle vector-based outer membrane protein expression) system for outer membrane protein production, we were able to functionally express in H. pylori the cholera toxin B subunit genetically fused to the C-terminal VacA domain. We demonstrate that the fusion protein is translocated to the H. pylori outer membrane and that the CtxB domain is exposed on the H. pylori surface. Thus, we provide the first experimental evidence that the C-terminal beta-domain of VacA can transport a foreign passenger protein to the H. pylori surface and hence acts as a functional autotransporter.
Mechanisms of action of interferons and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis (2002)

MS is an immunologically mediated disease, as determined by observation of the response to immunotherapy and the existence of an animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Interferon (IFN) beta-1b, IFN beta-1a, and glatiramer acetate, the therapies used for relapsing or remitting MS, have mechanisms of action that address the immunologic pathophysiology of MS. The IFNs bind to cell surface-specific receptors, initiating a cascade of signaling pathways that end with the secretion of antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory gene products. Glatiramer acetate, a synthetic molecule, inhibits the activation of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells and induces a T-cell repertoire characterized by anti-inflammatory effects. Although the two classes of drugs have some overlapping mechanisms of action, the IFNs rapidly block blood-brain barrier leakage and gadolinium (Gd) enhancement within 2 weeks, whereas glatiramer acetate produces less rapid resolution of Gd-enhanced MRI activity. IFN beta has no direct effects in the CNS, but glatiramer acetate-specific T cells are believed to have access to the CNS, where they can exert anti-inflammatory and possibly neuroprotective effects.
Human Plasma N-Glycoproteome Analysis by Immunoaffinity Subtraction, Hydrazide Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry (2005)

The enormous complexity, wide dynamic range of relative protein abundances of interest (over 10 orders of magnitude), and tremendous heterogeneity (due to post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation) of the human blood plasma proteome severely challenge the capabilities of existing analytical methodologies. Here, we describe an approach for broad analysis of human plasma N-glycoproteins using a combination of immunoaffinity subtraction and glycoprotein capture to reduce both the protein concentration range and the overall sample complexity. Six high-abundance plasma proteins were simultaneously removed using a pre-packed, immobilized antibody column. N-linked glycoproteins were then captured from the depleted plasma using hydrazide resin and enzymatically digested, and the bound N-linked glycopeptides were released using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). Following strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation, the deglycosylated peptides were analyzed by reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using stringent criteria, a total of 2053 different N-glycopeptides were confidently identified, covering 303 nonredundant N-glycoproteins. This enrichment strategy significantly improved detection and enabled identification of a number of low-abundance proteins, exemplified by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (approximately 200 pg/mL), cathepsin L (approximately 1 ng/mL), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (approximately 2 ng/mL). A total of 639 N-glycosylation sites were identified, and the overall high accuracy of these glycosylation site assignments as assessed by accurate mass measurement using high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR) is initially demonstrated.
The Binding of Desialylated Glycoproteins by Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver (1972)

Abstract A general method is described for the quantitative determination of the binding of glycoproteins, and their enzymatically modified derivatives, to the plasma membranes of rat liver. The assay is based upon the competitive inhibition of the binding phenomenon in an operationally irreversible system. Utilizing this procedure, a quantitative estimate of the ability of the membranes to bind four normally circulating serum glycoproteins, as well as their asialo and agalacto derivatives, has been made. The results obtained extend the previous qualitative observations in vivo and provide the basis for a systematic analysis of the structural determinants involved in the binding process.
Three-Dimensional Metallic Microstructures Fabricated by Soft Lithography and Microelectrodeposition (1999)

Soft lithography offers a convenient set of methods for the transfer of patterns to planar and nonplanar substrates. Microelectrodeposition can transform thin metal patterns into self-supporting microstructures, weld components together, and strengthen microstructures after deformations. Together, soft lithography and electrochemistry provide synergistic technologies and the basis for a strategy for converting planar patterns into three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with complex topologies. This strategy is illustrated in the formation of folded tetrahedra, square-based pyramids, cylinders with joints, “pop-up” cubes, and linked chains and knots.
Evidence of Horizontal Transfer of Symbiotic Genes from a Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculant Strain to Indigenous Diazotrophs Sinorhizobium ( Ensifer ) fredii and Bradyrhizobium elkanii in a Brazilian Savannah Soil (2007)

ABSTRACT The importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution and speciation of bacteria has been emphasized; however, most studies have focused on genes clustered in pathogenesis and very few on symbiosis islands. Both soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merrill) and compatible Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains are exotic to Brazil and have been massively introduced in the country since the early 1960s, occupying today about 45% of the cropped land. For the past 10 years, our group has obtained several isolates showing high diversity in morphological, physiological, genetic, and symbiotic properties in relation to the putative parental inoculant strains. In this study, parental strains and putative natural variants isolated from field-grown soybean nodules were genetically characterized in relation to conserved genes (by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR using REP and BOX A1R primers, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of the 16SrRNA genes), nodulation, and N 2 -fixation genes (PCR-RFLP and sequencing of nodY-nodA , nodC , and nifH genes). Both genetic variability due to adaptation to the stressful environmental conditions of the Brazilian Cerrados and HGT events were confirmed. One strain (S 127) was identified as an indigenous B. elkanii strain that acquired a nodC gene from the inoculant B. japonicum . Another one (CPAC 402) was identified as an indigenous Sinorhizobium ( Ensifer ) fredii strain that received the whole symbiotic island from the B. japonicum inoculant strain and maintained an extra copy of the original nifH gene. The results highlight the strategies that bacteria may commonly use to obtain ecological advantages, such as the acquisition of genes to establish effective symbioses with an exotic host legume.
The Pharmacokinetics of Oxycodone (2005)

Oxycodone is among the most commonly used opioid analgesics for the relief of moderate-to-severe pain and is pharmacodynamically comparable to morphine. Oxycodone is available in the United States in oral dosage forms and controlled-release tablets. Studies have demonstrated marked interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone. The pharmacokinetics of oral oxycodone differs from oral morphine in that it has a higher bioavailability, a slightly longer half-life, and is hepatically metabolized by cytochrome P450 rather than undergoing glucuronidation. Understanding oxycodone pharmacokinetics favors safe and effective use of this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and May 2004 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of oxycodone disposition including its absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, rectal administration, and intranasal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/excretion. Special populations, including children and those with liver/renal failure, have a unique oxycodone pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.
Studies of electrocatalytic DNA cleavage by oxoruthenium(IV). X-ray crystal structure of [Ru(tpy)(tmen)OH2](ClO4)2 (tmen = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, tpy = 2,2',2''-terpyridine) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of electrocatalytic DNA cleavage by oxoruthenium(IV). X-ray crystal structure of [Ru(tpy)(tmen)OH2](ClO4)2 (tmen = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, tpy = 2,2',2''-terpyridine)Neena Grover, Nishi Gupta, Phirtu Singh, and H. Holden ThorpCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 11, 2014–2020Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00037a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00037a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vitamin E succinate (VES) induces Fas sensitivity in human breast cancer cells: role for Mr 43,000 Fas in VES-triggered apoptosis. (1999)

Fas (CD95/APO-1) is an important mediator of apoptosis. We show that Fas-resistant MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells become responsive to anti-Fas (CD95) agonistic antibody-triggered apoptosis after pretreatment or cotreatment with vitamin E succinate (VES; RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate). In contrast, no enhancement of anti-Fas agonistic antibody-triggered apoptosis was observed following VES pretreatment or cotreatment with Fas-sensitive primary cultures of human mammary epithelial cells, immortalized MCF-10A cells, or T47D human breast cancer cells. Although VES is itself a potent apoptotic triggering agent, the 6-h pretreatment procedure for Fas sensitization did not initiate VES-mediated apoptosis. The combination of VES plus anti-Fas in pretreatment protocols was synergistic, inducing 2.8-, 3.0-, and 6.3-fold enhanced apoptosis in Fas-resistant MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cells, respectively. Likewise, cotreatment of Fas-resistant MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cells with VES plus anti-Fas enhanced apoptosis 1.9-, 2.0-, and 2.6-fold, respectively. Functional knockout of Fas-mediated signaling with either Fas-neutralizing antibody (MCF-7-, MDA-MB-231-, and MDA-MB-435-treated cells) or Fas antisense oligomers (MDA-MB-435-treated cells only), reduced VES-triggered apoptosis by approximately 50%. Analyses of whole cell extracts from Fas-sensitive cells revealed high constitutive expression of Mr 43,000 Fas, whereas Fas-resistant cells expressed low levels that were confined to the cytosolic fraction. VES treatment of the Fas-resistant cells caused a depletion of cytosolic Mr 43,000 Fas with a concomitant increase in Mr 43,000 membrane Fas. These data show that VES can convert Fas-resistant human breast cancer cells to a Fas-sensitive phenotype, perhaps by translocation of cytosolic Mr 43,000 Fas to the membrane and show that VES-mediated apoptosis involves Mr 43,000 Fas signaling.
Facile and Controlled Fabrication of Functional Gold Nanoparticle‐coated Polystyrene Composite Particle (2011)

Gold nanoparticles-coated polystyrene (AuNPs-coated PS) composite particles with raspberry-like morphology are successfully prepared with the aid of a unique thermodynamically driving effect. It is of considerable interest that the AuNPs generate and self-assemble with raw, ordinary PS microspheres that preexist in the oxidation-reduction systems. The synthesized AuNPs-coated PS composite particles have been extensively characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the morphology of the resultant composite particles is governed by simply changing the amount and type of reductants and the concentration of PS microspheres. The AuNPs-coated PS composite particles also exhibit the good surface-enhanced Raman scattering and catalytic performances.
[DNA conformation and thermostability of aqueous solutions of beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid]. (1984)

It has been shown that at low concentrations of rare amino acids (from 10(-3) M to 10(-1) M of the substance) stechiometric complexes amino acid -- DNA are formed, which bring about partial substitution of counterions screening phosphate groups and to a change of spatial structure of DNA water molecules. The DNA-solvent molecular interactions are changed, accompanied by an abrupt decrease of helix-coil enthalpy transition which leads to the unwinding of DNA double helix. In the region of amino acid high concentrations (greater than 1-1,5 M) a rise of thermostability and winding of DNA double helix is observed. It has been established that B----C-like conformational transition stimulated by the rise of DNA thermostability is a result of counterions dehydration and the increase of effective ionic strength of the solution which is due to the rise of amino acid-zwitterions content in it.
Managed care approach to the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. (2015)

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is an orphan disease that primarily affects patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. The first step in the management of NOH is to discontinue or minimize the use of drugs that lower blood pressure. Nonpharmacologic therapy for NOH includes physical countermaneuvers, compression abdominal binders and lower extremity stockings, recognition and avoidance of orthostatic stressors, hydration, and salt supplementation. The management of NOH should also include interventions to prevent falls. Pharmacotherapy for NOH includes the mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone to expand plasma volume and the sympathomimetic drugs midodrine and droxidopa. Clinical efficacy, tolerability, and the role of each drug in the treatment paradigm are reviewed here.
Record low surface recombination velocities on 1 Ω cm p-silicon using remote plasma silicon nitride passivation (1996)

Outstanding surface passivation of low-resistivity single-crystalline p-silicon is reported using silicon nitride fabricated at low temperature (375 °C) in a remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The effective surface recombination velocity Seff is determined as a function of the bulk injection level from light-biased photoconductance decay measurements. On polished as well as chemically textured silicon wafers we find that our remote plasma silicon nitride provides better surface passivation than the best high-temperature thermal oxides ever reported. For polished 1.5 and 0.7 Ω cm p-silicon wafers, record low Seff values of 4 and 20 cm/s, respectively, are presented.
TheXenopus Brachyurypromoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations ofactivinandsuppressed by high concentrationsof activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins (1997)

The mesoderm of Xenopus laevis arises through an inductive interaction in which signals from the vegetal hemisphere of the embryo act on overlying equatorial cells. One candidate for an endogenous mesoderm-inducing factor is activin, a member of the TGFbeta superfamily. Activin is of particular interest because it induces different mesodermal cell types in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it acts as a morphogen. These concentration-dependent effects are exemplified by the response of Xbra, expression of which is induced in ectodermal tissue by low concentrations of activin but not by high concentrations. Xbra therefore offers an excellent paradigm for studying the way in which a morphogen gradient is interpreted in vertebrate embryos. In this paper we examine the trancriptional regulation of Xbra2, a pseudoallele of Xbra that shows an identical response to activin. Our results indicate that 381 bp 5' of the Xbra2 transcription start site are sufficient to confer responsiveness both to FGF and, in a concentration-dependent manner, to activin. We present evidence that the suppression of Xbra expression at high concentrations of activin is mediated by paired-type homeobox genes such as goosecoid, Mix.1, and Xotx2.
The role of evaluation methods in the assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration through synthetic conduits: a systematic review (2007)

A number of evaluation methods are not suitable to demonstrate a significant difference between experimental paradigms in peripheral nerve regeneration. It is preferable to apply a combination of evaluation methods with resolving power to evaluate nerve regeneration properly.
Cytokine Mrna Profiles In Mouse Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Graft Rejectionis Associasted With Augmented Th1 Function (1995)

Although mouse liver allografts are spontaneously accepted without immunosuppression in many strain combinations, rejection can be induced by presensitization with a donor skin graft two weeks prior to transplantation. In this study, the semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was used to assess the involvement of T helper (TH) cell subsets in liver allograft acceptance by determining cytokine mRNA in the graft and spleen of recipients with (A) spontaneously accepting allografts (B) rejecting liver allografts after previous skin sensitization, and (C) syngeneic controls. Spontaneously accepted liver allografts showed upregulation of TH1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and TH2 (IL-4, IL-10) intragraft cytokine mRNA, which peaked at day 6 and tapered off thereafter, when compared with levels in syngeneic grafts, but both IFN-gamma and IL-10 mRNA persisted up to day 30. This cytokine mRNA profile correlated with the transient intragraft inflammation associated with spontaneously resolving rejection. Presensitized recipients that rejected their grafts revealed marked upregulation of TH1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and TH2 (IL-4, IL-6) intragraft cytokine mRNAs compared with spontaneously accepting recipients, although IL-10 mRNA levels showed no differences between the two groups. The most striking difference was seen in IFN-gamma levels, which correlated well with the preferential deposition of IgG2a antibody isotype in the rejecting compared with the spontaneously accepting liver allograft recipients. These results suggested an association between liver allograft rejection and enhanced TH1 cytokine immune response. The ability to reject liver allografts by the adoptive transfer of splenocytes, but not serum, from a sensitized mouse ruled out preformed antibodies alone as a cause of rejection. However, spleen cytokine mRNA profiles showed no differences or trends in TH1 or TH2 expression in spontaneously accepting versus rejecting recipients, which suggested that the spleen is not a major site of alloreactive immune expansion. These data suggest that spontaneous acceptance of mouse liver allografts is associated with an insufficient intragraft TH1 cytokine response, the cause of which is currently under investigation.
Sensitivity to First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers (2009)

BRCA2-associated breast cancer is more sensitive to standard first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer in comparison with sporadic breast cancer, especially to anthracyclines. For BRCA1-associated breast cancer no statistically significant higher sensitivity was observed.