gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer to Study the Molecular Physiology of the Mammalian Inner Ear (2002)

Several classes of viral vectors including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes simplex virus, lentivirus and vaccinia virus have been reported to infect cells of the inner ears of mammals and may be useful for protein manipulation and therapeutic purposes. We have screened a few of these for use as vectors to mediate gene transfer into the sensory hair cells of organotypic cultures from the neonatal mouse cochlea and utricle. Recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus has emerged as a useful vector for several reasons: ease of vector generation at high titer; efficient hair cell specific infection; robust expression of reporter genes and minimal toxicity. Previously, we characterized adenovirus infected hair cells using a vector that carried the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). We screened GFP-positive cells electrophysiologically and found that although hair cells survive adenoviral vector infection, their mechanosensitivity was compromised. Until recently this has limited the scope of adenovirus application to the problems of inner ear physiology and pathophysiology. However, a modified adenoviral vector, now available, has been reported to have reduced ototoxicity in vivo. The modifications include the deletion of the adenoviral genes E1, E3, the viral polymerase, and the preterminal protein. We are currently working to characterize viral-mediated gene transfer into hair cells of the cultured mouse utricle using this new modified adenoviral vector. We have found that hair cells infected with the modified vector have intact hair bundles and robust mechanotransduction.
Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (2010)

Udgivelsesdato: 2010-Apr
Air as an adjustable insulator for C-V and G-V analysis of semiconductor surfaces (1984)

An adjustable metal-air-semiconductor capacitor was fabricated using a Pb disk suspended 1700–3600 Å above an n-type Si 〈111〉 surface. Experimental differential capacitance versus voltage and differential conductance versus voltage curves are similar to those previously obtained for metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors.
Hitting multiple targets with multimeric ligands (2004)

Multimeric ligands consist of multiple monomeric ligands attached to a single backbone molecule, creating a multimer that can bind to multiple receptors or targets simultaneously. Numerous examples of multimeric binding exist within nature. Due to the multiple and simultaneous binding events, multimeric ligands bind with an increased affinity compared to their corresponding monomers. Multimeric ligands may provide opportunities in the field of drug discovery by providing enhanced selectivity and affinity of binding interactions, thus providing molecular-based targeted therapies. However, gaps in our knowledge currently exist regarding the quantitative measures for important design characteristics, such as flexibility, length and orientation of the inter-ligand linkers, receptor density and ligand sequence. In this review, multimeric ligand binding in two separate phases is examined. The prerecruitment phase describes the binding of one ligand of a multimer to its corresponding receptor, an event similar to monomeric ligand binding. This results in transient increases in the local concentration of the other ligands, leading to apparent cooperativity. The postrecruitment phase only occurs once all receptors have been aligned and bound by their corresponding ligand. This phase is analogous to DNA-DNA interactions in that the stability of the complex is derived from physical orientation. Multiple factors influence the kinetics and thermodynamics of multimeric binding, and these are discussed.
Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying (2002)

Modern computer networks make it possible to distribute documents quickly and economically by electronic means rather than by conventional paper means. However, the widespread adoption of electronic distribution of copyrighted material is currently impeded by the ease of illicit copying and dissemination. The authors propose techniques that discourage illicit distribution by embedding each document with a unique codeword. The encoding techniques are indiscernible by readers, yet enable one to identify the sanctioned recipient of a document by examination of a recovered document. The authors propose three coding methods, describe one in detail, and present experimental results showing that their identification techniques are highly reliable, even after documents have been photocopied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polysomnographic Analysis of Arousal Responses in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Means of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern (1996)

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by multiple interruptions of airflow between periods of arousals. A key feature of OSAS is the 20- to 40-s cyclic pattern of electrophysiologic parameters. The periodicity of the OSAS-related phenomena is reminiscent of the natural electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal rhythm of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep known as the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP). Morphologically, CAP consists of transient arousals (phase A) that periodically interrupt the tonic theta/delta activities of NREM sleep (phase B). Functionally, CAP translates a condition of sustained arousal instability oscillating between a greater arousal level (phase A) and a lesser arousal level (phase B). CAP is also related to the controls of the motor and autonomic mechanisms. On the basis of the information simultaneously derived from EEG activities, muscle tone, and neurovegetative responses, it is possible to distinguish three subtypes of A phases corresponding to different levels of arousal power: A1 (dominated by EEG synchronization and weak activation of polygraphic variables); A2 (mixture of EEG synchronization/desynchronization and intermediate activation of polygraphic variables); and A3 (dominated by EEG desynchronization and strong activation of polygraphic variables). Unlike standard criteria, CAP parameters offer a more suitable perspective for evaluating sleep pathologies in which brief and frequent arousals appear as a prominent feature. The present study aimed at (a) assessing CAP parameters in OSAS patients and (b) investigating the reciprocal interactions between CAP and the cyclic variations in respiratory rate. Twelve obese middle-aged OSAS subjects complaining of daytime sleepiness were polygraphically compared with age-matched and gender-matched volunteers in good health and with no complaints about sleep and wakefulness (controls). In OSAS patients, conventional parameters showed predictable decrements in total sleep time, slow wave sleep, and REM sleep and increases in stage 1 and nocturnal awakenings. Sleep fragmentation was associated with a significant enhancement of CAP and of the A phases with longer and more desynchronized EEG patterns (especially A3). The increase of A3 subtypes permitted scoring and detecting CAP also in REM sleep. The great majority of respiratory pauses (96% in NREM and 80% in REM sleep) were coupled with CAP. All CAP-related respiratory events rose in close temporal connection with a phase B, while effective breathing was always recovered during phase A (especially A2 and A3 subtypes). These data suggest that (a) phase B of CAP offers a vulnerable background for upper airway collapse and for attenuation of biochemical and neural mechanisms in the control of the ventilatory drive and (b) survival in OSAS patients is effected by the enhancement of the strongest components of the natural arousal rhythm at sleep quality's expense.
THE REPRESENTATION OF RELIGION IN EDUCATION: A CRITIQUE OF JOHN HULL'S INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIONISM AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE (2002)

This paper evaluates the contribution of John M. Hull, now Professor Emeritus of the University of Birmingham, to the question of what schools should do to foster harmonious relations between the disparate religious and non-religious groupings that constitute the population in most of our liberal, democratic Western nations. Professor Hull is one of the most important religious educators, whose contribution to scholarship and to educational policy is recognized internationally: he was editor of the British Journal of Religious Education for over twenty years, which is the leading international journal in the field; he has published widely; and he has held the position of Visiting Professor in a number of universities in Western Europe. In a series of influential articles in the nineteen-nineties, he articulated both an interpretation of the nature of religious intolerance and a proposed strategy for challenging intolerance in schools. In this response Hull’s position is carefully set out and then critically assessed using a range of critical philosophical and social arguments. In light of weaknesses in his account, a different psychological and philosophical understanding of the nature of religious intolerance is developed along with an outline of a different educational strategy that draws on liberal social philosophical thought for responding to religious and cultural differences in schools. To date this paper represents one of the most serious and influential critical engagements with the work of Professor Hull. Its originality lies in its rigorous uncovering and criticism of the epistemic and religious commitments that inform Hull’s position.
Evolution of caspase-mediated cell death and differentiation: twins separated at birth (2017)

The phenotypic and biochemical similarities between caspase-mediated apoptosis and cellular differentiation are striking. They include such diverse phenomenon as mitochondrial membrane perturbations, cytoskeletal rearrangements and DNA fragmentation. The parallels between the two disparate processes suggest some common ancestry and highlight the paradoxical nature of the death-centric view of caspases. That is, what is the driving selective pressure that sustains death-inducing proteins throughout eukaryotic evolution? Plausibly, caspase function may be rooted in a primordial non-death function, such as cell differentiation, and was co-opted for its role in programmed cell death. This review will delve into the links between caspase-mediated apoptosis and cell differentiation and examine the distinguishing features of these events. More critically, we chronicle the evolutionary origins of caspases and propose that caspases may have held an ancient role in mediating the fidelity of cell division/differentiation through its effects on proteostasis and protein quality control.
Interferon- gene dinucleotide (CA) repeat and interleukin-4 promoter region (-590C/T) polymorphisms in Japanese patients with endometriosis (2004)

The results suggest that the IFNG CA-repeat polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to endometriosis in a Japanese population.
Membrane-bound regulators of complement activation in uveal melanomas. CD46, CD55, and CD59 in uveal melanomas. (1996)

These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are expressed in uveal melanomas and that CD55 or CD59, or both, plays a role in resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The finding that m-RCA are expressed in uveal melanomas may have implications for the effectiveness of the anti-tumor response and in the therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens.
A single gonadotropin alpha-subunit gene in normal tissue and tumor-derived cell lines. (1981)

The structure of gene sequences coding for the mRNA of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) alpha-subunit was investigated by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs using a cloned, full length cDNA probe. While four hormones, lutropin, follitropin, thyrotropin, and choriogonadotropin, have homologous alpha-subunits, only one gene that bears hCG-alpha sequences could be detected per haploid complement. The structure of this single gonadotropin alpha-subunit gene, which contains intervening sequences, is the same in DNA from first trimester and term placentae. However polymorphism was observed for the presence of a HindIII site and of an Eco RI site in the gene's 3' flanking sequences. The organization of hCG-alpha sequences in several trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumor cell lines, which produce hCG subunits, was also examined. In each, the same gene copy number and structure were seen as in normal tissue. Thus, the characteristics of ectopic alpha-subunit expression in these cells seem not to be determined by DNA rearrangements.
Speech enhancement via frequency bandwidth extension using line spectral frequencies (2002)

This paper contributes to narrowband speech enhancement by means of frequency bandwidth extension. A new algorithm is proposed for generating synthetic frequency components in the high-band (i.e., 4-8 kHz) given the low-band ones (i.e., 0-4 kHz) for wide-band speech synthesis. It is based on linear prediction (LPC) analysis-synthesis. It consists of a spectral envelope extension using efficiently line spectral frequencies (LSF) and a bandwidth extension of the LPC analysis residual using a spectral folding. The low-band LSF of the synthesis signal are obtained from the input speech signal and the high-band LSF are estimated from the low-band ones using statistical models. This estimation is achieved by means of four models that are distinguished by means of the first two reflection coefficients obtained from the input signal linear prediction analysis.
Phased in smoke-free workplace laws: impact in grass-roots pubs and clubs in South Australia (2007)

Grass-roots industry support for smoke-free laws is considerable and higher than industry comments might imply, but somewhat lesser than community support. Attempted compliance is fair, despite confusion about details.
Identification of somatic mutations in EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma in never-smokers (2014)

The genomic makeup of EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinomas in never-smokers is remarkably diverse. Genes involved in cell cycle regulation/DNA repair are implicated in tumorigenesis and represent potential therapeutic targets.
Isolation and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding the 55-kDa rabbit zona pellucida protein. (1991)

A full-length cDNA (rc55) encoding the major rabbit zona pellucida (ZP) glycoprotein (55 kDa) has been cloned and sequenced. A lambda gt11 expression library was constructed using poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from sexually immature rabbit ovaries which contain large numbers of developing follicles. The rc55 cDNA was identified using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies specific to ZP antigens which are shared among mammalian species. The deduced amino acid sequence of the full-length rc55 clone was matched to the NH2-terminal 25-amino acid sequence obtained for this protein. The predicted amino acid sequence consists of 540 amino acids including a putative signal peptide of 18-24 residues and six potential N-glycosylation sites. The cDNA hybridizes to a 2000-base species of mRNA from rabbit ovary which is not detected in other rabbit tissues. The message is present early in ovarian follicular development and is approximately 600-fold greater in sexually immature as compared with sexually mature rabbit ovaries. This cDNA was expressed as a cro-beta-galactosidase fusion protein using the pEX expression vector. Antibodies against native rabbit ZP, affinity-purified on the recombinant 55-kDa ZP protein, were found to recognize the native rabbit ZP glycoprotein, indicating partial conservation of native epitopes in the expressed recombinant protein.
Implementing Arbitrary Phase Gates with Ising Anyons (2010)

Ising-type non-Abelian anyons are likely to occur in a number of physical systems, including quantum Hall systems, where recent experiments support their existence. In general, non-Abelian anyons may be utilized to provide a topologically error-protected medium for quantum information processing. However, the topologically protected operations that may be obtained by braiding and measuring topological charge of Ising anyons are precisely the Clifford gates, which are not computationally universal. The Clifford gate set can be made universal by supplementing it with single-qubit pi/8-phase gates. We propose a method of implementing arbitrary single-qubit phase gates for Ising anyons by running a current of anyons with interfering paths around computational anyons.
Detecting Small Signs from Large Images (2017)

In the past decade, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been demonstrated successful for object detections. However, the size of network input is limited by the amount of memory available on GPUs. Moreover, performance degrades when detecting small objects. To alleviate the memory usage and improve the performance of detecting small traffic signs, we proposed an approach for detecting small traffic signs from large images under real world conditions. In particular, large images are broken into small patches as input to a Small-Object-Sensitive-CNN (SOS-CNN) modified from a Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) framework with a VGG-16 network as the base network to produce patch-level object detection results. Scale invariance is achieved by applying the SOS-CNN on an image pyramid. Then, image-level object detection is obtained by projecting all the patch-level detection results to the image at the original scale. Experimental results on a real-world conditioned traffic sign dataset have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of detection accuracy and recall, especially for those with small sizes.
Temperature effects on shape and function of human granulocytes. (1980)

Scanning microscopic and functional studies were made of granulocytes isolated from CPD anticoagulated whole blood by counterflow centrifugation in a Beckman JE-6 rotor. The collection buffer was phosphate (20 mM) buffered saline (280 mOsM) with glucose (29 mM) and human serum albumin (1.2% w/v). The final suspension contained less than 2% mononuclear cells and 5% red cells. Incubation and fixation at various temperatures revealed two distinct temperature dependent shape transformations. At 22, 37, 40 and 45 degrees C granulocytes were ameboid with extensive highly textured veils. These smoothed progressively, bullae and blebs formed, and membranes peeled finally leaving nonfunctional spheres with smooth surfaces. At 4 degrees C, granulocytes were irregular spheres, less rugose but with numerous microvilli and nodules. Veiling was absent. Phagocytosis, initially low, progressively declined over 48 h while cell surfaces become smooth. Some formed blebs, but all terminated as nonfunctional spheres with untextured surfaces containing occasional large single holes. Cellular stability estimated from changes in volume distributions, and phagocytosis by microfluorescence measurements of yeast and latex particle ingestion were also temperature dependent and paralleled the shape progressions. It is concluded that at body (37 degrees C) or fever (40 degrees C) temperatures, granulocytes have dynamic membrane surfaces characterized by extensive veiling and high function. At 4 degrees C they are relatively inactive spheres devoid of pseudopodia or veils, yet functional at slow rates.
Sequence of physiologic patterns in surgical septic shock (1993)

Increased cardiac index and DO2 represent compensations for circulatory deficiencies that limit body metabolism, as reflected by inadequate VO2. Survivors have higher cardiac index, DO2, and VO2 values than those values of both the nonsurvivors and normal values. These data suggest that therapy should be directed toward increasing cardiac index to > 5.5 L/min/m2, DO2 to > 1000 mL/min/m2, and VO2 to > 190 mL/min/m2 as therapeutic goals; these supranormal values were empirically determined by the patterns of the survivors. Further studies to describe temporal relationships of biochemical mediators of these physiologic patterns are needed.
EQUILIBRIA IN THE SYSTEMS OF THE HIGHER ALCOHOLS, WATER AND SALTS. (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEQUILIBRIA IN THE SYSTEMS OF THE HIGHER ALCOHOLS, WATER AND SALTS.G. B. Frankforter and Sterling TempleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 12, 2697–2716Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02177a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02177a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Channel models for ultrawideband personal area networks (2003)

This article describes the modeling of ultrawideband wireless propagation channels, especially for the simulation of personal area networks. The IEEE 802.15.3a standards task group has established a standard channel model to be used for the evaluation of PAN physical layer proposals. We discuss the standard model, the measurements that form its basis, and the possibilities for future improvements. This article points out the important differences between UWB channels and narrowband wireless channels, especially with respect to fading statistics and time of arrival of multipath components. The impacts on the different propagation conditions on system design, like RAKE receiver performance, are elaborated.
Induction of Necrotic-Like Cell Death by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Caspase Inhibitors: Novel Mechanism for Killing Virus-Infected Cells (2000)

Induction of apoptotic cell death generally requires the participation of cysteine proteases belonging to the caspase family. However, and similar to most cell types, mouse fibroblasts are normally resistant to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, TNF-alpha treatment of vaccinia virus-infected mouse fibroblasts resulted in necrotic-like cell death, which was significantly reduced in cells infected with a vaccinia virus mutant lacking the caspase inhibitor B13R. Furthermore, TNF-alpha also induced necrotic-like cell death of fibroblasts in the presence of peptidyl caspase inhibitors. In both cases, necrosis was accompanied by generation of superoxide species. Caspase inhibitors also sensitized fibroblasts to killing by double-stranded RNA and gamma interferon. In all cases, cell death was efficiently blocked by antioxidants or mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors. These results define a new mitochondrion-dependent mechanism which may be important in the killing of cells infected with viruses encoding caspase inhibitors.
Vasa previa: prenatal diagnosis, natural evolution, and clinical outcome (2000)

Vasa previa was detected in asymptomatic women as early as the second trimester. Perinatal outcome was generally favorable, although several infants had slightly extended newborn nursery admissions due to mild complications of prematurity.