gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and its human homologues. (1990)

A cDNA clone of murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) has been isolated from a library prepared from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the nucleotide sequence determined. This cDNA was used to clone cDNAs for human homologues of MIP-2 from a library prepared from phorbol myristate acetate-treated and LPS-stimulated U937 cells. Two homologues were isolated and sequenced. Human MIP-2 alpha and MIP-2 beta are highly homologous to each other and to a previously isolated gene, human gro/melanoma growth-stimulating activity (MGSA). These three human genes, MIP-2 alpha, MIP-2 beta, and gro/MGSA, constitute a sub-family within the cytokine family represented by platelet factor 4 and interleukin 8.
EFFECT OF PANCREATIC WARM ISCHEMIA ON ISLET YIELD AND VIABILITY IN DOGS1 (1997)

With 30 min or less of WI, there are no deleterious effects on islet yield and viability. However, with periods of WI longer than 30 min, the loss in islet yield is severe, resulting in functional failure after autotransplantation. The limit of WI that is tolerable for islets is shorter than for a whole pancreas.
An In Vitro Tissue Culture Bilayer Model To Examine Early Events inMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection (1999)

A tissue culture bilayer system that mimics some aspects of early alveolar infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed. This model incorporates human lung epithelial type II pneumocyte (A549) (upper chamber) and endothelial cell (lower chamber) layers separated by a microporous membrane. This construction makes it possible to observe and quantify the passage of bacteria through the two layers, to observe the interaction of the bacteria with the various cell types, and to examine the basic mechanisms of immune cell recruitment to the site of infection. After 10(7) organisms were added to the upper chamber we microscopically observed large numbers of bacteria attached to and within the pneumocytes and we determined by viable-cell counting that a small percentage of the inoculum (0.02 to 0.43%) passed through the bilayer into the lower chamber. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the lower chamber, microscopic examination indicated a migration of the mononuclear cells through the bilayer to the apical surface, where they were seen associated with the mycobacteria on the pneumocytes. The added complexity of the bilayer system offers an opportunity to define more precisely the roles of the various lung cell types in the pathogenesis of early tuberculosis.
A TWO‐STAGE TECHNIQUE FOR THE IN VITRO DIGESTION OF FORAGE CROPS (1963)

A simple technique for the determination in vitro of the dry‐ or organic‐matter digestibility of small (0·5 g) samples of dried forages is described. It involves incubation first with rumen liquor and then with acid pepsin. Using 146 samples of grass, clover and lucerne of known in vivo digestibility ( Y ), the regression equation Y = 0·99 X– 1·01 (S.E. ± 2·31) has been calculated, where X = in vitro dry‐matter digestibility. This technique has been used for the study of the digestibilities of plant breeder's material, of the leaf and stem fractions of herbage and of herbage consumed by animals.
Self-assembled, rare earth tantalate pyrochlore nanoparticles for superior flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7−δfilms (2008)

Addition of pyrochlore rare earth tantalate phases, RE3TaO7 (RTO, where RE = rare earth, Er, Gd and Yb) to YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) is shown to vastly improve pinning, without being detrimental to the superconducting transition temperature. The closely lattice matched to RTO phase provides a lower interfacial energy with YBCO than BaZrO3 (BZO) and produces very fine (∼5 nm) particles with high linearity in their self-assembly along c. Critical current densities of 0.86, 0.38 MA cm−2 at 1 and 3 T (for fields) parallel to the c axis were recorded at 77 K in 0.5–1.0 µm thick films and a transition temperature of 92 K was observed even in the highest level doped sample (8 mol%).
Current concerns and challenges regarding tailored anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer (2009)

raise serious questions concerning the efficacy and safety of these VEGF antagonists. Overall survival (OS) improvement is the fundamental principle of any new therapy. Instead of improving, could anti-angiogenic agents, specifically bevaci-zumab, actually reduce OS? Although this provocative finding requires confirmation, a potential decrease in OS by administra-tion of the widely used drug bevacizumab in a metastatic setting has a central role in treatment decision making. Why is pro-gression-free survival (PFS) selected as a primary end point in several clinical trials, less appropriate than OS? Is the identifica-tion of new biomarkers for patient selec-tion essential to prove the clinical utility of anti-angiogenic therapy only in specific subgroups of patients and not generally in all patients? Over the last decade, molecularly tar-geted therapy has developed rapidly. Adding targeted agents to traditional sur-gery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy rep-resents the major hope in the war against solid cancers. The concept is scientifically rational. Targeting signaling pathways that are deregulated and responsible for can-cer progression and metastasis can lead to effective cancer treatment. However, most Phase III trials without marker-based selection of patients were negative. This treatment failure raises the sugges-tion of a change in drug development and clinical trial design towards personalized genotype–phenotype predictions
A subarray approach to matched-field processing (1990)

A simplified approach is presented for matched-field processing of large vertical arrays in typical ocean environments. The large array is divided into subarrays such that a plane-wave decomposition of the signal field is a good approximation over each subarray. A simple rule, based on the sound-speed profile, is presented for subarray sizing. Plane-wave beamforming is then performed to provide multiple beams from each subarray. For long-range situations, only those beams need to be formed that are steered to receive rays that are not strongly bottom interacting. When elements are spaced at one-half wavelength, the typical result of considering only these beams is a significant reduction in the size of the problem with far fewer beams required than elements. This first step is very robust and does not require a detailed knowledge of the signal field, or an assumption of signal coherence across the full array aperture. Beam outputs can then be combined to achieve full matched-field processing. The relative performance of suboptimal approaches such as incoherent combination of beam outputs or simply choosing the best beam is also examined. It is shown that full optimum coherent matched-field processing in spatially white noise yields an output signal-to-noise ratio that depends only on the total signal power intercepted by the aperture, and not on the details of the signal field. For an array that spans the full water column, this can be estimated simply on the basis of cylindrical power flow and falls off as the reciprocal of range. Detailed results are presented for a Pacific winter profile at three widely separated ranges. A small percentage of the beams is found to contain almost all of the signal power. The ray angle diagram (RAD) is used to relate rays, normal modes, and subarray beams, providing insight into the underlying principles. It is shown that the signal field has a fixed number of degrees of freedom and can be represented by that number of beams or normal modes.
A Single Amino Acid in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the β2 Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 Regulates Avidity-dependent Inside-out Signaling (2001)

The leukocyte-specific beta(2) integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (alpha(L)/beta(2)) mediates activation-dependent adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. In leukocytes, LFA-1 requires activation by intracellular messengers to bind ICAM-1. We observed malfunctioning of LFA-1 activation in leukemic T cells and K562-transfected cells. This defective inside-out integrin activation is only restricted to beta(2) integrins, since beta(1) integrins expressed in K562 readily respond to activation signals, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. To unravel these differences in inside-out signaling between beta(1) and beta(2) integrins, we searched for amino acids in the beta(2) cytoplasmic domain that are critical in the activation of LFA-1. We provide evidence that substitution of a single amino acid (L732R) in the beta(2) cytoplasmic DLRE motif, creating the DRRE motif, is sufficient to completely restore PMA responsiveness of LFA-1 expressed in K562. In addition, an intact TTT motif in the C-terminal domain is necessary for the acquired PMA responsiveness. We observed that restoration of the PMA response altered neither LFA-1 affinity nor the phosphorylation status of LFA-1. In contrast, strong differences were observed in the capacity of LFA-1 to form clusters, which indicates that inside-out activation of LFA-1 strongly depends on cytoskeletal induced receptor reorganization that was induced by activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain.
Evolutional selection of a combinatorial phage library displaying randomly-rearranged various single domains of immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins (IBPs) with four kinds of Ig molecules (2008)

In this work, a combinatorial phage library displaying Ig-binding domains of protein A, protein G, or protein L joined by various random linking peptides was used to conducted evolutional selection in vitro with four kinds of Ig molecules. Two kinds of novel combinations of Ig-binding domains, PA(A)-PG and PA(A)-PL, were obtained, and demonstrate the novel Ig binding properties.
Lack of efficacy of oral bovine type II collagen added to existing therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

Oral solubilized bovine CII, added to existing therapy, did not improve disease activity in patients with RA.
Single-Phase and Gram-Scale Routes toward Nearly Monodisperse Au and Other Noble Metal Nanocrystals (2003)

Single-phase approaches are introduced for the synthesis of nearly monodisperse Au and other noble metal nanocrystals. The new approaches possess all the advantages of the popular Brust method. With weak ligands or surfactants for the metal ions, the control of the size and size distribution of the nanocrystals in synthesis in the size range between 1 and 15 nm was achieved via maintaining balanced nucleation and growth by tuning the activities of the metal precursors and reducing reagents. Because only weak ligands are employed in the new synthetic schemes, surface modification and functionalization of the resulting nanocrystals can be readily carried out.
Chemistry of the Neomycins. VII. Compounds Obtained from Methyl Neobiosaminide C1 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Neomycins. VII. Compounds Obtained from Methyl Neobiosaminide C1Kenneth L. Rinehart Jr. and Peter W. K. WooCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 3, 643–648Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01464a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01464a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trading Volume and Cross‐Autocorrelations in Stock Returns (2000)

This paper finds that trading volume is a significant determinant of the lead‐lag patterns observed in stock returns. Daily and weekly returns on high volume portfolios lead returns on low volume portfolios, controlling for firm size. Nonsynchronous trading or low volume portfolio autocorrelations cannot explain these findings. These patterns arise because returns on low volume portfolios respond more slowly to information in market returns. The speed of adjustment of individual stocks confirms these findings. Overall, the results indicate that differential speed of adjustment to information is a significant source of the cross‐autocorrelation patterns in short‐horizon stock returns.
Growth-Promoting Effects of Glycine-Extended Progastrin (1994)

Peptide alpha amidation is required to produce some hormones, such as gastrin, from their glycine-extended precursors. This terminal posttranslational processing reaction is thought to be essential for the biological activation of many peptide hormones; only amidated gastrin exerts a physiological effect that results in gastric acid secretion. However, both amidated gastrin and glycine-extended gastrin stimulate proliferation of exocrine pancreatic cell line AR4-2J through selective receptors for the substrate and the product, respectively, of peptide alpha amidation. Thus, the amidation reaction may function as a determinant of the specific biological actions of products derived from prohormones.
Preparation of Zeolite UTD-1 Films by Pulsed Laser Ablation:  Evidence for Oriented Crystal Growth (1998)

Oriented films of the high-silica zeolite UTD-1 were prepared using pulsed laser ablation (248 nm, KrF*) of as-synthesized UTD-1 onto polished silicon wafers followed by hydrothermal treatment in a UTD-1 synthesis gel. Densely packed aggregates of elongated UTD-1 crystals grow from the ablated surface with the zeolite channels oriented perpendicular to the substrate.
Hypoxia-on-a-chip (2016)

Abstract In this work a microfluidic cell cultivation device for perfused hypoxia assays as well as a suitable controlling unit are presented. The device features active components like pumps for fluid actuation and valves for fluid direction as well as an oxygenator element to ensure a sufficient oxygen transfer. It consists of several individually structured layers which can be tailored specifically to the intended purpose. Because of its clearness, its mechanical strength and chemical resistance as well as its well-known biocompatibility polycarbonate was chosen to form the fluidic layers by thermal diffusion bonding. Several oxygen sensing spots are integrated into the device and monitored with fluorescence lifetime detection. Furthermore an oxygen regulator module is implemented into the controlling unit which is able to mix different process gases to achieve a controlled oxygenation. First experiments show that oxygenation/deoxygenation of the system is completed within several minutes when pure nitrogen or air is applied to the oxygenator. Lastly the oxygen input by the pneumatically driven micro pump was quantified by measuring the oxygen content before and after the oxygenator.
Cenp-F gene amplification and overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2001)

Our results provide the first evidence that CENP-F gene is amplified and overexpressed in HNSCC. No correlation was noted between CENP-F amplification and clinicopathologic parameters. However, CENP-F overexpression correlated with nodal metastasis.
Oxygenation‐sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance image of rodent brain at high magnetic fields (1990)

At high magnetic fields (7 and 8.4 T), water proton magnetic resonance images of brains of live mice and rats under pentobarbital anesthetization have been measured by a gradient echo pulse sequence with a spatial resolution of 65 x 65-microns pixel size and 700-microns slice thickness. The contrast in these images depicts anatomical details of the brain by numerous dark lines of various sizes. These lines are absent in the image taken by the usual spin echo sequence. They represent the blood vessels in the image slice and appear when the deoxyhemoglobin content in the red cells increases. This contrast is most pronounced in an anoxy brain but not present in a brain with diamagnetic oxy or carbon monoxide hemoglobin. The local field induced by the magnetic susceptibility change in the blood due to the paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin causes the intra voxel dephasing of the water signals of the blood and the surrounding tissue. This oxygenation-dependent contrast is appreciable in high field images with high spatial resolution.
Self-assembly of DNA nanoprisms with only two component strands (2013)

We report a symmetric design strategy to reduce the number of required DNA component strands in 3D self-assembly and have demonstrated this strategy by construction of a series of 3D DNA nanoprisms out of only two DNA strands.
Locations of contacts between individual zinc fingers of Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA and the internal control region of a 5S RNA gene (1992)

A set of mutants of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) have been prepared in which successive zinc-finger domains have been deleted from the carboxyl terminus of the protein. These have been analyzed by hydroxyl radical footprinting to map the location of contacts to DNA by individual zinc-finger domains of TFIIIA. The results suggest that the nine zinc fingers of TFIIIA are organized into three DNA-binding domains of three fingers each. The spatial relationship between zinc-finger contacts to 5S DNA suggests that the two domains which interact with either end of the DNA-binding site of TFIIIA (fingers 1-3 and 7-9) have a compact conformation, similar to that exemplified by the zif268 cocrystal structure [Pavletich, N.P., & Pabo, C.O. (1991) Science 252, 809-817]. However, the central domain (fingers 4-6) has a much more extended conformation, following a path nearly parallel to the helix axis and contacting over 20 base pairs of DNA in the center of the binding site of TFIIIA. These results strongly support two recently proposed and radically new models for the TFIIIA/5S DNA complex [Hayes, J.J., & Tullius, T.D. (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 227, 407-417; Clemens, K.R., Liao, X., Wolf, V., Wright, P.E., & Gottesfeld, J.M. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in press)].
Temporal and spatial expression patterns of transgenes containing increasing amounts of the Drosophila clock gene period and a lacZ reporter: mapping elements of the PER protein involved in circadian cycling. (1997)

Rhythmic oscillations of the PER protein, the product of the Drosophila period (per) gene, in brain neurons of the adult fly are strongly involved in the control of circadian rhythms. We analyzed temporal and spatial expression patterns of three per-reporter fusion genes, which share the same 4 kb regulatory upstream region but contain increasing amounts of per's coding region fused in frame to the bacterial lacZ gene. The fusion proteins contained either the N-terminal half (SG), the N-terminal-two-thirds (BG), or nearly all (XLG) of the PER protein. All constructs led to reporter signals only in the known per-expressing cell types within the anterior CNS and PNS. Whereas the staining intensity of SG files was constantly high at different Zeitgeber times, the in situ signals in BG and XLG files cycled with approximately 24 hr periodicity in the PER-expressing brain cells in wild-type and per01 loss of function files. Despite the rhythmic fusion-gene expression within the relevant neurons of per01 BG files, their locomotor activity in light/dark cycling conditions and in constant darkness was identical to that of per01 controls, uncoupling protein cycling from rhythmic behavior. The XLG construct restored weak behavioral rhythmicity to (otherwise) per01 files, indicating that the C-terminal third of PER (missing in BG) is necessary to fulfill the biological function of this clock protein.
Enhancing bandwidth utilization in Bluetooth using optimal SAR (2002)

This paper focusses on Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) policies in Bluetooth. Bluetooth baseband packets are small and have large overheads. This makes the optimal size decision for packet size very important. This decision is further complicated by slot reservations for SCO connections and scheduling decisions. The goal of any policy is to provide maximum possible slot utilization and throughput keeping in mind the availability of data at the master and slaves. In this paper, we study two existing SAR policies - Best Fit and Optimum Slot Utilization. We show that each of them may perform poorly in some cases. We propose a new SAR policy, which we call Optimal SAR and present simulation results to show that it performs better than the other two.
Polymorphisms of the tumour necrosis factor‐α gene, coronary heart disease and obesity (1998)

These results suggest that polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha gene are unlikely to contribute to CHD risk in an important way, but the TNF-alpha/-308 polymorphism should be investigated further in relation to obesity.
Microbially controlled drug delivery to the colon (1990)

The human gastrointestinal tract consists of a highly complex ecosystem of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that plays a significant role in the metabolism of nutrients as well as drugs. In the colon, bacteria ferment various types of substrates that are not susceptible to digestion in the small intestine. This arouses interest in specific drugs, drug delivery systems, and prodrugs that escape small bowel digestion, arrive intact, and are absorbed or degraded in the large bowel. For the past forty years, experience has been gained with the azo prodrug of 5-amino salicylic acid, salazopyrine, which is cleaved by colonic bacteria to its parent drug. Some laxative drugs were also reported to degrade into active metabolites in the colon. Lately equally interesting and more sophisticated microbial controlled delivery systems, have been developed based on similar principles.