gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Four-Branched Star Polystyrene (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Four-Branched Star PolystyreneJ. E. L. Roovers and S. BywaterCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 4, 384–388Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60028a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60028a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views727Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Codebook-Based Bayesian Speech Enhancement (2006)

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach for the estimation of the short-term predictor parameters of speech and noise, from the noisy observation. The resulting estimates of the speech and noise spectra can be used in a Wiener filter or any state-of-the-art speech enhancement system. We utilize a-priori information about both speech and noise in the form of trained codebooks of linear predictive coefficients. In contrast to current Bayesian estimation approaches that consider the excitation variances as part of the a-priori information, in the proposed method they are computed analytically based on the observation at hand. Consequently, the method performs well in nonstationary noise conditions. Experimental results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method compared to existing Bayesian approaches, such as those based on hidden Markov models.
A rule-based message filtering system (1988)

Much computerized support for knowledge workers has consisted of tools to handle low-level functions such as distribution, storage, and retrieval of information. However, the higher level processes of making decisions and taking actions with respect to this information have not been supported to the same degree. This paper describes the ISCREEN prototype system for screening text messages. ISCREEN includes a high-level interface for users to define rules, a component that screens text messages, and a conflict detection component that examines rules for inconsistencies. An explanation component uses text generation to answer user queries about past or potential system actions based on Grice's conversational maxims.
Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation (1989)

We report the inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) RNA translation in cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysates by antisense oligonucleotides (13-17-base oligomers) complementary to (a) the viral 5' non-translated region, (b) the AUG start codon and (c) the coding sequence. Our results demonstrate that the extent of translation inhibition is dependent on the region where the complementary oligonucleotides bind. Non-complementary and 3'-non-translated-region-specific oligonucleotides had no effect on translation. A significant degree of translation inhibition was obtained with oligonucleotides complementary to the viral 5' non-translated region and AUG initiation codon. Digestion of the oligonucleotide:RNA hybrid by RNase H did not significantly increase translation inhibition in the case of 5'-non-translated-region-specific and initiator-AUG-specific oligonucleotides; in contrast, RNase H digestion was necessary for inhibition by the coding-region-specific oligonucleotide. We propose that (a) 5'-non-translated-region-specific oligonucleotides inhibit translation by affecting the 40S ribosome binding and/or passage to the AUG start codon, (b) AUG-specific oligonucleotides inhibit translation initiation by inhibiting the formation of an active 80S ribosome and (c) the coding-region-specific oligonucleotide does not prevent protein synthesis because the translating 80S ribosome can dislodge the oligonucleotide from the EMCV RNA template.
Production of butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum in extractive fermentation system. (1985)

An extractive fermentation system was developed to prevent end-product inhibition of Clostridium acetobutylicum I AM 19012, which mainly produces butanol and acetone. Butanol exhibited greater toxicity to the microorganism than acetone, and its growth was completely inhibited above 10kg/m3 of butanol. As an extracting solvent suitable for acetone-butanol fermentation, oleyl alcohol (cis-9-octadecen-l-ol) and C-20 guerbet alcohol (branched-chain alcohol of carbon number, 20) were selected from among 29 organic compounds, based on their nontoxicity to the microorganism. These two solvents had high partition coefficients for butanol, and could be reused without deterioration. In fermentation with the solvent (solvent phase: aqueous phase = 2:5 (v/v)), the viability of the microorganism was resumed by the liquid-liquid extraction of butanol from the broth, and the amount of butanol produced was 2.6 times that in fermentation without extraction.
Almost global existence of weak solutions for the nonlinear elastodynamics system for a class of strain energies (2016)

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of almost global weak solutions for the unsteady nonlinear elastodynamics system in dimension $d=2$ or $3$, for a range of strain energy density functions satisfying some given assumptions. These assumptions are satisfied by the main strain energies generally considered. The domain is assumed to be bounded, and mixed boundary conditions are considered. Our approach is based on a nonlinear parabolic regularization technique, involving the $p$-Laplace operator. First we prove the existence of a local-in-time solution for the regularized system, by a fixed point technique. Next, using an energy estimate, we show that if the data are small enough, bounded by $\varepsilon &gt;0$, then the maximal time of existence does not depend on the parabolic regularization parameter, and the behavior of the lifespan $T$ is $\gtrsim \log (1/\varepsilon)$, defining what we call here {\it almost global existence}. The solution is thus obtained by passing this parameter to zero. The key point of our proof is due to recent nonlinear Korn's inequalities proven by Ciarlet \&amp; Mardare in $\mathrm{W}^{1,p}$ spaces, for $p&gt;2$.
Data communications: Automatic voice response: Interfacing man with machine: This developing technique can relieve the human from repetitive instructional chores by piecing together his recorded words (1974)

Discusses voice response systems including voice synthesis and speech recognition and speaker verification. Automatic editing, vocabulary creation, real-time programming and memory requirements are discussed.
Passive administration of monoclonal antibodies to Anthrolysin O prolong survival in mice lethally infected with Bacillus anthracis (2008)

Our results suggest that ALO contributes to the virulence of B. anthracis Sterne strain in this infection model and that Ab response to ALO may contribute to protection in certain circumstances.
C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men (1999)

These results confirm the prognostic relevance of CRP, a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, to the risk of CHD in a large, randomly selected cohort of initially healthy middle-aged men. They suggest that low-grade inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially its thrombo-occlusive complications.
Recognizing Emotions in Speeches for Mandarin-Chinese-Speakers Game Player Users (2011)

We attempt to establish a communication mechanism of emotions consisting of joy, surprise, anger, sadness, fear and neutral. Using techniques of speech recognition, the emotional changes in speech can be analyzed and further applied to online games or Internet speech communication. Through proper voice communication, players may get to engage with each other for exchanging game strategies via real-time conversation. Research findings indicate that the inside test recognition rates can reach over 70%, while the outside test recognition rates are not satisfactory, restricted by the facts that there are a plurality of emotions and that the number of test participants is usually too large for efficient treatment. The characteristic vector of the recognition rate of emotions varies significantly over various emotions. However, it is shown in this study that the emulation of voice emotions is generally not precise, whereas the emotion recognition is still valid for communications in game interactions.
Text2Action: Generative Adversarial Synthesis from Language to Action (2018)

In this paper, we propose a generative model which learns the relationship between language and human action in order to generate a human action sequence given a sentence describing human behavior. The proposed generative model is a generative adversarial network (GAN), which is based on the sequence to sequence (SEQ2SEQ) model. Using the proposed generative network, we can synthesize various actions for a robot or a virtual agent using a text encoder recurrent neural network (RNN) and an action decoder RNN. The proposed generative network is trained from 29,770 pairs of actions and sentence annotations extracted from MSR-Video-to-Text (MSR-VTT), a large-scale video dataset. We demonstrate that the network can generate human-like actions which can be transferred to a Baxter robot, such that the robot performs an action based on a provided sentence. Results show that the proposed generative network correctly models the relationship between language and action and can generate a diverse set of actions from the same sentence.
Structure-function analyses of diphtheria toxin by use of monoclonal antibodies (1993)

A large panel of hybridomas, secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for diphtheria toxin (DT) and prepared by immunization with either intact DT or its A or B fragment (DTA or DTB), have been isolated and characterized. The 213 MAbs were initially screened for reactivity to DT by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses and then were classified for their reactivity with DT, DTB, or DTA by solid-phase Western blot (immunoblot) analyses; 129 DTB-specific, 51 DTA-specific, and 33 non-fragment-assignable MAbs were obtained. Of the DTB MAbs, 118 recognize epitopes between residues 194 and 453, 10 recognize epitopes between residues 454 and 481, and 1 recognizes an epitope present in denatured toxin but not present in native DT located within the carboxyl-terminal receptor-binding region of DT (residues 482 to 535). Those MAbs that were the most protective in a cytotoxicity assay recognized native toxin in solution and inhibited binding of radiolabeled toxin to Vero cells to the greatest extent. A number of MAbs were able to detect epitopes that became more or less accessible when the toxin was preincubated at acidic (endosomal-mimicking) pH, suggesting that the epitopes they recognize may be important in the low-pH-induced insertion and/or translocation of DT across the endosomal membrane.
Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Hypercortisolemia in Polynesian Patients Treated With Antipsychotic Medication (2007)

An increase in insulin resistance is seen in Maori psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic medication. Therefore, Polynesian ethnicity should be considered in prescribing practice and general care of this group. In addition, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may have an important role in the mechanism by which this insulin resistance develops.
Crystallization and preliminary structure determination of an intact human immunoglobulin, b12: an antibody that broadly neutralizes primary isolates of HIV-1 (2001)

An intact human immunoglobulin with a full-length hinge has been crystallized for the first time in a form in which all of the Ig domains are ordered. The IgG1 antibody b12 is one of only three known monoclonal antibodies described that potently neutralize a broad range of HIV-1 primary isolates. It binds to an epitope overlapping the conserved CD4 binding site on the viral surface antigen gp120. Hexagonal crystals corresponding to space group R32 were grown from 0.8 M ammonium sulfate, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 271.3, c = 175.2 A and one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to 2.8 A and a preliminary molecular-replacement solution indicates that all 12 Ig domains of the antibody can be resolved.
A large grain size perovskite thin film with a dense structure for planar heterojunction solar cells via spray deposition under ambient conditions (2015)

A facile spray deposition process was developed to prepare high-quality perovskite films with full surface coverage and large grain size.
Efficient “on water” organocatalytic protocol for the synthesis of optically pure warfarin anticoagulant (2011)

The present development leads to an efficient protocol for the “on water” formation of one of the most widely used anticoagulants warfarin: the presented scalable and environmentally friendly organocatalytic approach affords the target drug in optically pure form.
Two-dimensional chemical mapping for non-coding RNAs (2011)

Non-coding RNA molecules fold into precise base pairing patterns to carry out critical roles in genetic regulation and protein synthesis. We show here that coupling systematic mutagenesis with high-throughput SHAPE chemical mapping enables accurate base pair inference of domains from ribosomal RNA, ribozymes, and riboswitches. For a six-RNA benchmark that challenged prior chemical/computational methods, this mutate-and-map strategy gives secondary structures in agreement with crystallographic data (2 % error rates), including a blind test on a double-glycine riboswitch. Through modeling of partially ordered RNA states, the method enables the first test of an 'interdomain helix-swap' hypothesis for ligand-binding cooperativity in a glycine riboswitch. Finally, the mutate-and-map data report on tertiary contacts within non-coding RNAs; coupled with the Rosetta/FARFAR algorithm, these data give nucleotide-resolution three-dimensional models (5.7 Å helix RMSD) of an adenine riboswitch. These results highlight the promise of a two-dimensional chemical strategy for inferring the secondary and tertiary structures that underlie non-coding RNA behavior.
Single‐point (constant‐time) imaging in radiofrequency Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance† (2002)

This study describes the use of the single-point imaging (SPI) modality, also known as constant-time imaging (CTI), in radiofrequency (RF) Fourier transform (FT) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The SPI technique, commonly used for high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, has been successfully applied to 2D and 3D RF-FT-EPR imaging of phantoms containing narrow-line EPR spin probes. The SPI scheme is essentially a phase-encoding technique that operates by acquiring a single data point in the free induction decay (FID) after a fixed delay (phase-encoding time), following the pulsed RF excitation, in the presence of static magnetic field gradients. Since the phase-encoding time remains constant for a given image data set, the spectral information is automatically deconvolved, providing well-resolved pure spatial images. Therefore, images obtained using SPI are artifact-free and the resolution is not significantly limited by the line width, compared to the images obtained using the conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) scheme, suggesting that the SPI modality may have advantages for EPR imaging of large objects. In this work the advantages and limitations of SPI as compared to FBP are investigated by imaging suitable phantom objects. Although SPI takes longer to perform than the FBP method, optimization of the data collection scheme may increase the temporal resolution, rendering this technique suitable for in vivo studies. Spectral information can also be extracted from a series of SPI images that are generated as a function of the delay from the excitation pulse.
Semi-automatic quantification of 4D left ventricular blood flow (2010)

This semi-automatic analysis approach for the quantification of 4D blood flow resulted in accurate LV inflow and outflow volumes and a high reproducibility for the assessment of LV flow components.
Heuristic cleaning algorithms in log-structured file systems (1995)

This research investigated infants' online perception of give-me gestures during observation of a social interaction. In the first experiment, goal-directed eye movements of 12-month-olds were recorded as they observed a give-and-take interaction in which an object is passed from one individual to another. Infants' gaze shifts from the passing hand to the receiving hand were significantly faster when the receiving hand formed a give-me gesture relative to when it was presented as an inverted hand shape. Experiment 2 revealed that infants' goal-directed gaze shifts were not based on different affordances of the two receiving hands. Two additional control experiments further demonstrated that differences in infants' online gaze behavior were not mediated by an attentional preference for the give-me gesture. Together, our findings provide evidence that properties of social action goals influence infants' online gaze during action observation. The current studies demonstrate that infants have expectations about well-formed object transfer actions between social agents. We suggest that 12-month-olds are sensitive to social goals within the context of give-and-take interactions while observing from a third-party perspective.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor regulation of N-cadherin mediates vascular stabilization (2004)

Vascular stabilization, a process by which nascent vessels are invested with mural cells, is important in angiogenesis. Here we describe the molecular basis of vascular stabilization regulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a platelet-derived lipid mediator. S1P1 receptor-dependent cell-surface trafficking and activation of the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin is essential for interactions between endothelial and mural cells. Endothelial cell S1P1/Gi/Rac pathway induces microtubule polymerization, resulting in trafficking of N-cadherin to polarized plasma membrane domains. S1P treatment modulated the phosphorylation of N-cadherin as well as p120-catenin and induced the formation of cadherin/catenin/actin complexes containing novel regulatory and trafficking factors. The net result of endothelial cell S1P1 receptor activation is the proper trafficking and strengthening of N-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion with mural cells. Perturbation of N-cadherin expression with small interfering RNA profoundly attenuated vascular stabilization in vitro and in vivo. S1P-induced trafficking and activation of N-cadherin provides a novel mechanism for the stabilization of nascent blood vessels by mural cells and may be exploited to control angiogenesis and vascular diseases.
Heterocyclic Modifications of Oligonucleotides and Antisense Technology (2000)

Modification of the heterocyclic moiety of oligonucleotides has led to the discovery of potent antisense compounds. This review describes the physicochemical factors that are responsible for duplex stabilization through base modification. A summary is given of the different heterocyclic modifications that can be used to beneficially influence this duplex stability. The biologic activity of base-modified oligonucleotides is described, and the different factors that are important for obtaining in vivo antisense activity with heterocyclic-modified oligonucleotides are summarized.
Characterization of Nevirapine Resistance Mutations in Women With Subtype A Vs. D HIV-1 6???8 Weeks After Single-Dose Nevirapine (HIVNET 012) (2004)

This study confirms a higher rate of NVPR in women with subtype D than A and further defines the pattern of NVPR mutations that emerge 6-8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis in these subtypes.
Novel CD47-dependent intercellular adhesion modulates cell migration (2005)

CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane protein, also known as Integrin Associated Protein, that modulates cell adhesion both through alteration of the avidity of integrin binding and through interaction with its own ligands, the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin (TSP) and the plasma membrane response regulator SIRPalpha1. We now show that CD47 expression on fibroblasts can induce intercellular adhesion resulting in cell aggregation in the absence of active integrins, SIRPalpha1 binding, and detectable TSP. CD47-expressing cells preferentially bind to other CD47-expressing cells, and intercellular adhesion requires stimulation by serum or a CD47-binding peptide from TSP. Cell-cell adhesion is inhibited by pertussis toxin and C. difficile toxin B, and both adherent and aggregating CD47-expressing fibroblasts have more rac in the GTP bound state than CD47-deficient cells. Spontaneous migration of Jurkat lymphocytes through a fibroblast monolayer is decreased by fibroblast expression of CD47, consistent with an increased barrier function of the CD47 expressing cells. The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1alpha stimulates migration of Jurkat cells through this monolayer only if both the lymphocytes and fibroblasts express CD47, and the inhibition of migration by a CD47-interacting peptide from TSP similarly requires CD47 expression on both cell types. Thus, signaling dependent on both heterotrimeric and rho family GTPases can induce CD47 to participate in cell-cell interactions independent of known ligands that enhance intercellular adhesion and modulate cell migration.
Molecular mechanism of action of immune-modulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide in multiple myeloma (2012)

Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the activity of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide in multiple myeloma (MM), including demonstrable anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects, the precise cellular targets and molecular mechanisms have only recently become clear. A landmark study recently identified cereblon (CRBN) as a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Subsequently it was demonstrated that CRBN is also required for the anti-myeloma activity of thalidomide and related drugs, the so-called immune-modulatory drugs (IMiDs). Low CRBN expression was found to correlate with drug resistance in MM cell lines and primary MM cells. One of the downstream targets of CRBN identified is interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), which is critical for myeloma cell survival and is down-regulated by IMiD treatment. CRBN is also implicated in several effects of IMiDs, such as down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and T cell immunomodulatory activity, demonstrating that the pleotropic actions of the IMiDs are initiated by binding to CRBN. Future dissection of CRBN downstream signaling will help to delineate the underlying mechanisms for IMiD action and eventually lead to development of new drugs with more specific anti-myeloma activities. It may also provide a biomarker to predict IMiD response and resistance.