gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of atypical and usual human serum cholinesterase. Purification, number of active sites, substrate affinity, and turnover number. (1978)

Atypical and usual human serum cholinesterases were purified and studied with the fluorescent probe, N-methyl-(7-dimethylcarbamoxy)quinolinium iodide. Four active sites per tetramer were found in each enzyme. The turnover numbers of usual and atypical cholinesterases were the same: 15,000 mumol of benzoylcholine hydrolyzed/min/mumol of active site; 48,000 min-1 for o-nitrophenylbutyrate; and 0.0025 min-1 for N-methyl-(7-dimethylcarbamoxy)quinolinium iodide. They had identical rate constants for carbamylation, (5.0 min-1) and for decarbamylation (0.15 h-1). The major difference between the two genetically determined forms of the enzyme was substrate affinity, KD being 0.16 mM for usual and 5.4 mM for atypical cholinesterase, for the fluorescent probe substrate. Km for the uncharged ester, o-nitrophenylbutyrate, was 0.14 mM for both enzymes, whereas Km for benzoylcholine was 0.005 mM for usual and 0.024 mM for atypical cholinesterase. We interpret these data to mean that the two enzymes differ only in the structure of their anionic site.
Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding a Functional Human Interleukin-8 Receptor (1991)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor.
Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with non-phase-matching illumination (2007)

We have developed and tested a wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy technique, which provides the simultaneous imaging of an extended illuminated area without scanning. This method is based on the non-phase-matching illumination of a sample and imaging of a CARS signal with a CCD camera using conventional microscope optics. We have identified a set of conditions on the illumination and imaging optics, as well as on sample preparation. Imaging of test objects proved high spatial resolution and chemical selectivity of this technique.
The Unique Usage of the Suffixes "Zi(子)" and "Er(儿)"in Modern Chinese (2006)

As the word-formation suffixes,Zi(子) and Er(儿) have been widely used in modern Chinese.The suffixes not only manifest approach of the ancient Chinese written language to the spoken language at that time,but also become the development foundation of the modern Chinese suffixes.This article takes massive languages material as the basis,carries on analysis with the static description and the dynamic contrast so as to reveal the unique usage of the suffixes Zi(子) and Er(儿) in the modern Chinese.
INTERFERON FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS (1987)

Interferon, both natural and recombinant, has been shown in controlled clinical studies to be effective against herpes simplex virus infections, herpes zoster, the common cold caused by rhinoviruses, and some papilloma virus infections. In some cases, it is in competition with other antivirals, and in others its precise clinical indication is still unclear. Thus, further work and developments are required before interferon becomes a clinically recognized antiviral agent.
Sources of Parental Stress in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (1982)

This study utilized an inductive approach to identify sources of stress experienced by parents when a child is admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Based on a thorough review of the literature, clinical observations, and interviews with parents of children recently discharged from a pediatric intensive care unit, 79 items defining eight dimensions of pediatric intensive care stressors were identified. Suggestions are made for intervention strategies that can be utilized in an attempt to minimize parental stress.
Chimeric FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae: a bacterial surface display system for heterologous sequences (1995)

The FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae has been tested as a display system for heterologous protein segments on the surface of Escherichia coli. This was carried out by introduction of restriction site handles (BglII sites) in two different positions in the fimH gene, followed by in-frame insertion of heterologous DNA segments encoding two reporter sequences. In the selected positions such insertions did not significantly alter the function of the FimH protein with regard to surface location and adhesive ability. The system seemed to be quite flexible, since chimeric versions of the FimH adhesin containing as many as 56 foreign amino acids were transported to the bacterial surface as components of the fimbrial organelles. Furthermore, the foreign protein segments were recognized by insert-specific antibodies when expressed within chimeric proteins on the surface of the bacteria. The results from this feasibility study point to the possibility of using the FimH adhesin as a general surface display system for sizeable protein segments.
Organization of D<sub>H</sub>-Gene Locus is Distinct in Cattle (2008)

Some cattle antibodies are amongst the largest known to exist, in a species where CDR3 of the heavy-chain variable region (CDR3H) is of exceptional size as it may extend up to 61 amino acids. The origin of such an exceptionally long CDR3H in cattle antibodies is not yet understood. For these reasons, we have completely characterized DH gene locus in a Holstein cow. In contrast to other species, such as mice and humans, the DH gene locus in cattle, extending over 68 kb, is organized in subclusters comprising two to four DH gene segments. Analysis of DH genes reveals the presence of characteristic repetitive GGT and TAT codons. No evidence for a DH gene segment longer than 148 base pairs has been noted. Therefore, mechanistic factors contribute significantly to CDR3H size generation. Such comparative genomics perspectives of bovine D gene loci have revealed the complexity of evolution, across animal phyla, of functional significance in the generation of antibody diversity.
Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. (1998)

Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. The gene-modified cells were tested for their potency to induce an antitumor immune response in two experimental settings with different tumor load. In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice.
Advanced Heart Failure and Nocturnal Hypoxaemia Due to Central Sleep Apnoea are Associated with Increased Serum Erythropoietin (2010)

Abstract Aims Central sleep apnoea (CSA) and increased serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration have each been associated with adverse prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nocturnal hypoxaemia due to CSA and the serum EPO concentration in patients with HF. Methods and results Heart failure subjects (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 18) underwent polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosis of CSA and identification and quantification of hypoxaemia. Blood collection for measurement of EPO was performed immediately post-PSG. For the analysis, HF subjects were dichotomized into subgroups defined by the presence or absence of CSA and by HF severity. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships of hypoxaemia and advanced HF to EPO concentration. Mean EPO concentration was 62% higher for HF subjects with CSA than for healthy controls (P = 0.004). The magnitude of nocturnal hypoxaemia was significantly and positively related to EPO concentration (r = 0.45, P = 0.02). Advanced HF was also significantly and positively related to EPO concentration (r = 0.43, P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, the presence of combined nocturnal hypoxaemia and advanced HF yielded greater correlation to EPO concentration than either factor alone (r = 0.57, P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively). Linear regression demonstrated that the combination of New York Heart Association Class and CSA was strongly associated with EPO concentration (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusion In non-anaemic HF patients, advanced HF and hypoxaemia due to CSA may each be independently associated with increased serum EPO concentration.
Mixed electrolytic reduction of 1,4-dimethylpyridinium methyl sulfate with acetone and of 1-methylpyridiniummethyl sulfate with cyclopentanone (1975)

Some time ago we described 1 mixed electrolytic reduction of some pyridine bases with ketones and mixed electrolytic reduction of 1,4-dimethylp yridinium methyl sulfate with acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. In this paper we discuss mixed electrolytic reduction of 1,4-dimethylp yridinium methyl sulfate with acetone in greater detail and, further, the similar reduction of 1-methylpyrid inium methyl sulfate with cyclopentanone. In the first case we obtained after electrolytic reduction on lead electrodes in dilute sulfuric acid a mixture of products from which we isolated by distillation and preparative gas chromatography 1,4-dimethylpiperidine (la), l,4-dimethyl-3-piperideine (Ha), 2-isopropenyl-l,4-dimethyl-3-piperideine (Ilh), 2-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-l,4-dimethyl-3-piperideine (Ili), l,4-dimethyl-6-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-3-piperideine (Illi), l-methyl-4-tert-butyl-3-piperideine (IIj), <- 2,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2-aza-6-oxabicyclo[3,2.l]-octane (IV), and eventually a mixture of tricyclic compounds, most probably 1,1': 4,4'-tetramethyl-2,2': 4,4'-bipiperidylene (V) and 1,1': 4,4'-tetramethyl-2,4': : 4,2'-bipiperidylene (VI). Substance Ilj is formed probably by a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of 4-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-1,4-dimethylpiperidine (IXa), which we could not detect in the reaction mixture in this case; however, in the case of a similar mixed electrolytic reduction of l-ethyl-4-methylpyridiniumethyl sulfate alcohol IXb was isolated2. The structure of the bicyclic compound IV followed from its elemental analysis and the analysis of IR and NMR spectra. In the case of a mixture of compounds formed by dimerization of l,4-dimethyl- 3-piperideine or of some of its precursor we cannot exclude the structure formed by connection of the positions, * PartXLIX in the series Studies in Pyridine Series; Part XLVIII: This Journals, 1571 (1975).
Efficient content-based image retrieval using automatic feature selection (2002)

We describe a self-organizing framework for content-based retrieval of images from large image databases at the object recognition level. The system uses the theories of optimal projection for optimal feature selection and a hierarchical image database for rapid retrieval rates. We demonstrate the query technique on a large database of widely varying real-world objects in natural settings, and show the applicability of the approach even for large variability within a particular object class.
Separation and properties of cellular and scrapie prion proteins. (1986)

Purified preparations of scrapie prions contain a sialoglycoprotein of Mr 27,000-30,000, designated PrP 27-30, which is derived from the scrapie prion protein [Mr, 33,000-35,000 (PrP 33-35Sc)] by limited proteolysis. Under these same conditions of proteolysis, a cellular protein of the same size (PrP 33-35C) is completely degraded. Subcellular fractionation of hamster brain showed that both PrP 33-35Sc and PrP 33-35C were found only in membrane fractions. NaCl, EDTA, and osmotic shock failed to release the prion proteins from microsomal membranes. Electron microscopy of these microsomal fractions showed membrane vesicles but not prion amyloid rods. Detergent treatment of scrapie-infected membranes solubilized PrP 33-35C, while PrP 33-35Sc aggregated into amyloid rods; the concentration of PrP 33-35C was similar to that recovered from analogous fractions prepared from uninfected control brains. The apparent amphipathic character of the PrP 33-35Sc may explain the association of scrapie infectivity with both membranes and amyloid filaments.
Improving pseudo-relevance feedback in web information retrieval using web page segmentation (2003)

In contrast to traditional document retrieval, a web page as a whole is not a good information unit to search because it often contains multiple topics and a lot of irrelevant information from navigation, decoration, and interaction part of the page. In this paper, we propose a VIsion-based Page Segmentation (VIPS) algorithm to detect the semantic content structure in a web page. Compared with simple DOM based segmentation method, our page segmentation scheme utilizes useful visual cues to obtain a better partition of a page at the semantic level. By using our VIPS algorithm to assist the selection of query expansion terms in pseudo-relevance feedback in web information retrieval, we achieve 27% performance improvement on Web Track dataset.
A programmable solution for standard video compression (2003)

The emergence of the CCITT H.261, MPEG, and IPEG video compression standards has created the need for hardware capable of executing all of these standards. It is pointed out that the Integrated Information Technology (IIT) Vision Processor (VP) and Vision Controller (VC) chips provide a flexible, programmable solution capable of executing H.261, MPEG and JPEG. The VP is the first programmable video signal processor optimized for algorithms based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The VC is a companion chip which includes a RISC (reduced instruction set computer) microcontroller to manage the system data flow. These two chips with memory can act as an H.261 QCIF codec, and H.261 FCIF encoder or decoder, a real-time FCIF JPEG encoder or decoder, and an SIF MPEG decoder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epidemiology of Homocysteine as a Risk Factor in Diabetes (2003)

Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to cardiovascular disease, and risk factors presumably unrelated to diabetes, such as hyperhomocysteinemia, may be involved in the atherothrombotic process in these subjects. Plasma homocysteine levels are usually normal in diabetes, although both lower and higher levels have been reported. This has been ascribed to hyperfiltration and renal dysfunction or low folate status, respectively. Insulin resistance does not appear to be a major determinant of plasma homocysteine level. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with microalbuminuria and retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes, plasma homocysteine concentration has also been shown to be related to macrovascular disease and death. This relation seems to be stronger in subjects with diabetes than without. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of this increased vascular risk remains unexplained, but may relate to worsening of endothelial dysfunction or structural vessel properties. Because homocysteine and diabetes have an apparent synergistic detrimental vascular effect, patients with diabetes are good candidates for screening and treatment with folic acid until the results of ongoing clinical trials are available.
A homolog of Drosophila Notch expressed during mammalian development (1991)

Drosophila Notch and the related Caenorhabditis elegans proteins lin-12 and glp-1 function as mediators of local cell-cell interactions required for cell-fate decisions during invertebrate development. To investigate the possibility that similar proteins play determinative roles during mammalian development, we isolated cDNA clones encoding rat Notch. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein contains 36 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, and is remarkably similar in both its extracellular and cytoplasmic domains to the sequence of Xenopus Xotch and Drosophila Notch. In the developing central nervous system, in situ hybridisation analyses revealed that Notch transcripts were dramatically restricted to the ventricular proliferative zones of embryonic neuroepithelia. Notch was also strongly expressed during development of non-neural tissues, such as hair follicles and tooth buds, whose correct differentiation requires epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. These data support the hypothesis that Notch plays an essential role in mammalian development and pattern formation that closely parallels its role in the development of invertebrates.
Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects ofBifidobacterium longumCECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease (2014)

Interactions between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota may play a role in coeliac disease (CD). In the present study, the potential effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed CD were evaluated. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in thirty-three children who received a capsule containing either B. longum CECT 7347 (10⁹ colony-forming units) or placebo (excipients) daily for 3 months together with a gluten-free diet (GFD). Outcome measures (baseline and post-intervention) included immune phenotype of peripheral blood cells, serum cytokine concentration, faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) content, anthropometric parameters and intestinal microbiota composition. Comparisons between the groups revealed greater height percentile increases (P= 0·048) in the B. longum CECT 7347 group than in the placebo group, as well as decreased peripheral CD3⁺ T lymphocytes (P= 0·004) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·067). Within-group comparisons of baseline and final values did not reveal any differences in T lymphocytes and cytokines in the placebo group, while decreased CD3⁺ (P =0·013) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR⁺ T lymphocytes (P =0·029) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·085) were detected in the B. longum CECT 7347 group. Comparison between the groups showed that the administration of B. longum CECT 7347 reduced the numbers of the Bacteroides fragilis group (P= 0·020) and the content of sIgA in stools (P= 0·011) compared with the administration of placebo. Although this is a first exploratory intervention with limitations, the findings suggest that B. longum CECT 7347 could help improve the health status of CD patients who tend to show alterations in gut microbiota composition and a biased immune response even on a GFD.
Profiling of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Line L1236 and Germinal Center B Cells: Identification of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma-specific Genes (2003)

The malignant cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, appear to be derived from germinal center (GC) B cells in most cases of the disease. Apart from recent findings of constitutive activation of some transcription factors and autocrine stimulation by cytokine receptors, the mechanisms of malignant transformation in cHL still remain poorly understood. We performed a large scale gene expression study using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), comparing the cHL cell line L1236 and human GC B cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm results from the SAGE and to analyze gene expression in 3 additional cHL cell lines. To investigate expression of some genes in cHL cases, we applied RT-PCR on microdissected HRS cells. In total, 464 genes showed a change in expression level of 5-fold or higher. For 12 genes (out of 177) identified as upregulated in L1236 cells, RT-PCR confirmed the SAGE results and also showed elevated expression in 3 other cHL cell lines. For 3 of the upregulated genes, expression by HRS cells in the tissue also was confirmed. Several of the differentially expressed genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of cHL because they represent potential oncogenes, such as rhoC, L-myc, and PTP4A, or transcription factors, such as ATF-5, ATBF1, and p21SNFT. The genes that showed significantly deregulated expression in HRS cells should be helpful not only for the identification of genes involved in the pathogenesis of cHL but also for discovering potential prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.
STUDIES ON THE DISPOSITION FOR THE CARRIER OF BACILLUS THIAMINOLYTICUS MATSUKAWA ET MISAWA (1956)

1. The existence of the disposition for BMM carriers was demonstrated.2. The degree of putrefaction in the intestine of disposed subjects for BMM carriers was found to be more marked than that of healthy subjects.3. It was often detected that the intestinal florae of BMM carriers and those having the disposition for the carrier are different from those of healthy subjects in an abundant occurrence of putrefactive bacteria especially those resembling to either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Transcranial Duplex Imaging With a Sulfurhexafluoride Echocontrast Agent: Enhancement and Diagnostic Quality (2002)

Administration of SonoVue led to a quality improvement in 21 patients. In TCCD, it optimizes visualization of the cerebral arteries in patients with inadequate bone window. A dose of at least 1.2 mL provides the best enhanced images.
High-dose interferon and the U.K. guidelines for cutaneous melanoma (2002)

Sir, Over the past 4 years, the strategy adopted at our Institute is to offer sentinel node biopsy (SNB) as a routine staging procedure to those patients with melanomas of Breslow thickness > 1 mm, who are fit for surgery and have no clinical evidence of extranodal spread.1 To date, approximately 200 patients have undergone SNB, of whom 20% have shown micrometastatic disease. All patients are offered a therapeutic lymph node dissection, but the use of high‐dose interferon (HDI) has varied according to the most recent published data and the availability of trials involving adjuvant therapy. Thus, in 1998 most SNB‐positive patients were treated with HDI on the basis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684, which showed benefit in terms of both disease‐free and overall survival when HDI was compared with observation.2 This policy changed in 1999/2000, following the preliminary results from intergroup trial E1690, which showed benefit for disease‐free but not overall survival,3 and only selected patients with macroscopic stage III disease were offered HDI. Since publication of results of intergroup trial E1694,4 we have once again offered HDI to SNB‐positive patients, but this strategy is now under threat following publication of the U.K. guidelines for the management of cutaneous melanoma.5