gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Five-Factor Model of Schizophrenia Initial Validation (1994)

Schizophrenic psychopathology is heterogeneous and multidimensional. Various strategies have been developed over the past several years to assess and measure more accurately discrete domains of psychopathology. One of the more fruitful strategies to investigate more homogenous domains of psychopathology has been the positive-negative syndrome approach. However, this approach is unable to address a number of important issues. Most schizophrenics present a mixed syndrome; the criteria for what constitutes a positive and negative syndrome are variable; distinguishing primary from secondary negative symptoms can be difficult. In order to address some of these problems, we propose the introduction of a five-syndrome model based on a reanalysis of factor analytic procedures used on 240 schizophrenics assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We present data on a five-factor solution that appears to best fit the psychopathological data and that is supported by three independent and comparable factor analyses; negative, positive, excitement, cognitive, and depression/anxiety domains of psychopathology give patients their individual mark. Data on internal consistency of the five factors and on initial validation using demographic and clinical variables are presented.
Quantification of motor pathways to the pelvic floor in humans (1991)

The motor innervation of the pelvic floor plays a major role in defecation disorders such as fecal incontinence. It consists of central motor pathways and peripheral nerve fibers. Transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation of the brain and magnetoelectric stimulation of the lumbosacral motor roots were performed in 10 healthy volunteers. Motor evoked potentials were recorded from the external anal sphincter. This procedure allowed differentiation between a predominantly central and a solely peripheral component of the motor innervation of the external and sphincter. To compare these recordings with well-established data, motor evoked potentials were also recorded from the anterior tibial muscle. The central motor conduction time was 20.9 +/- 2.4 ms to the external anal sphincter and 14.8 +/- 2.3 ms to the anterior tibial muscles. Central motor conduction velocities were 40.7 +/- 5.2 and 55.5 +/- 7.6 m/s, respectively. This showed that conduction in the central fibers to the external anal sphincter was significantly slower than in those to the anterior tibial muscle. We conclude 1) that magnetoelectric stimulation allows differentiation between central and peripheral portions of the motor innervation of the pelvic floor, and 2) that central motor pathways innervating the pelvic floor differ significantly in their physiological properties from those innervating limb muscles.
Stimulation of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in sheep endometrium during pregnancy, by intrauterine infusion of ovine trophoblast protein-1, and by intramuscular administration of recombinant bovine interferon-αI1 (1991)

In Expt 1, activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2',5'-A) synthetase in endometrium collected on Day 16 (oestrus is Day 0) from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum was greater (P less than 0.001) for pregnant (135.5 +/- 1.72 nmol/mg protein/h) than for cyclic ewes (58.5 +/- 0.99 nmol/mg protein/h). In pregnant ewes, activity of 2',5'-A synthetase in endometrium collected from the contralateral uterine horn (119.5 +/- 1.72 nmol/mg protein/h) did not differ from that of the ipsilateral horn. In Expt 2, three ovariectomized ewes were treated with progesterone for 10 days and then with oestrogen for 2 days. Activity of 2',5'-A synthetase on Day 13 was 18% greater (P less than 0.10) in endometrium collected from the uterine horn receiving infusions of 30 micrograms ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) twice a day on Days 10, 11 and 12(57.7 +/- 0.22 nmol/mg protein/h) than from the uterine horn receiving control infusions of serum protein (SP; 48.8 +/- 0.22 nmol/mg protein/h). In Expt 3, activity of 2',5'-A synthetase on Day 15 was not significantly greater in endometrium collected from the uterine horn of cyclic ewes receiving infusions of 30 micrograms oTP-1 twice a day on Days 12, 13 and 14 (46.5 +/- 0.37 nmol/mg protein/h) than in endometrium from the uterine horn receiving infusions of SP (38.2 +/- 0.37 nmol/mg protein/h). When results of Expt 2 and Expt 3 were combined, intrauterine infusion of oTP-1 increased (P less than 0.05) activity of 2',5'-A synthetase in endometrium by 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Training-induced alterations of carbohydrate metabolism in women: women respond differently from men (1998)

We examined the hypothesis that glucose flux was directly related to relative exercise intensity both before and after a 12-wk cycle ergometer training program [5 days/wk, 1-h duration, 75% peak O 2 consumption (V˙o 2 peak )] in healthy female subjects ( n = 17; age 23.8 ± 2.0 yr). Two pretraining trials (45 and 65% of V˙o 2 peak ) and two posttraining trials [same absolute workload (65% of oldV˙o 2 peak ) and same relative workload (65% of newV˙o 2 peak )] were performed on nine subjects by using a primed-continuous infusion of [1- 13 C]- and [6,6- 2 H]glucose. Eight additional subjects were studied by using [6,6- 2 H]glucose. Subjects were studied postabsorption for 90 min of rest and 1 h of cycling exercise. After training, subjects increasedV˙o 2 peak by 25.2 ± 2.4%. Pretraining, the intensity effect on glucose kinetics was evident between 45 and 65% ofV˙o 2 peak with rates of appearance (R a : 4.52 ± 0.25 vs. 5.53 ± 0.33 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ), disappearance (R d : 4.46 ± 0.25 vs. 5.54 ± 0.33 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ), and oxidation (R ox : 2.45 ± 0.16 vs. 4.35 ± 0.26 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) of glucose being significantly greater ( P ≤ 0.05) in the 65% than in the 45% trial. Training reduced R a (4.7 ± 0.30 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ), R d (4.69 ± 0.20 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ), and R ox (3.54 ± 0.50 mg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) at the same absolute workload ( P ≤ 0.05). When subjects were tested at the same relative workload, R a , R d , and R ox were not significantly different after training. However, at both workloads after training, there was a significant decrease in total carbohydrate oxidation as determined by the respiratory exchange ratio. These results show the following in young women: 1) glucose use is directly related to exercise intensity; 2) training decreases glucose flux for a given power output; 3) when expressed as relative exercise intensity, training does not affect the magnitude of blood glucose flux during exercise; but 4) training does reduce total carbohydrate oxidation.
Using protein‐based motifs to stabilize peptides (2003)

While the use of synthetically derived novel inhibitor peptides as a source of new therapeutics for medicine remains incredibly promising, there is a major problem with implementing this technology, as many synthetic peptides have proven to be unstable and are degraded by peptidases in the host cell. In this study, we have investigated methods by which peptides can be stabilized using protein-based motifs in order to prevent the action of peptidases. Using an in vivo approach our laboratory developed to screen for synthetic peptides which can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, we found that protecting the amino or carboxyl terminus of the peptides via fusion to the very stable Rop protein, or the incorporation of two proline residues, increased the frequency at which potent inhibitor peptides could be isolated. Using an in vitro degradation assay in which extracts from several different cell types were tested, we demonstrated that peptides stabilized with multiple proline residues were more resistant to degradation than peptides stabilized by amidation or acetylation, two approaches that are routinely utilized to improve the stability of peptide drugs.
Prostaglandin nomenclature (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandin nomenclatureNorman A. NelsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 9, 911–918Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00255a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00255a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views712Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Is a Heterogeneous Group of Diseases (2004)

Understanding the biology of prostate cancer metastasis has been limited by the lack of tissue for study. We studied the clinical data, distribution of prostate cancer involvement, morphology, immunophenotypes, and gene expression from 30 rapid autopsies of men who died of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A tissue microarray was constructed and quantitatively evaluated for expression of prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, chromogranin, synaptophysin, MIB-1, and alpha-methylacylCoA-racemase markers. Hierarchical clustering of 16 rapid autopsy tumor samples was performed to evaluate the cDNA expression pattern associated with the morphology. Comparisons were made between patients as well as within the same patient. Metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer has a heterogeneous morphology, immunophenotype, and genotype, demonstrating that "metastatic disease" is a group of diseases even within the same patient. An appreciation of this heterogeneity is critical to evaluating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as to designing therapeutic targets for advanced disease.
Overexpression of the Neuritotrophic Cytokine S100β Precedes the Appearance of Neuritic β‐Amyloid Plaques in APPV717F Mice (2000)

Homozygous APPV717F transgenic mice overexpress a human beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) minigene encoding a familial Alzheimer's disease mutation. These mice develop Alzheimer-type neuritic beta-amyloid plaques surrounded by astrocytes. S100beta is an astrocyte-derived cytokine that promotes neurite growth and promotes excessive expression of betaAPP. S100beta overexpression in Alzheimer's disease correlates with the proliferation of betaAPP-immunoreactive neurites in beta-amyloid plaques. We found age-related increases in tissue levels of both betaAPP and S100beta mRNA in transgenic mice. Neuronal betaAPP overexpression was found in cell somas in young mice, whereas older mice showed betaAPP overexpression in dystrophic neurites in plaques. These age-related changes were accompanied by progressive increases in S100beta expression, as determined by S100beta load (percent immunoreactive area). These increases were evident as early as 1 and 2 months of age, months before the appearance of beta-amyloid deposits in these mice. Such precocious astrocyte activation and S100beta overexpression are similar to our earlier findings in Down's syndrome. Accelerated age-related overexpression of S100beta may interact with age-associated overexpression of mutant betaAPP in transgenic mice to promote development of Alzheimer-like neuropathological changes.
Mucosal Cytokine Production in Radiation-Induced Proctosigmoiditis Compared With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2000)

The mucosal levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly higher in both diseased and normal segments of colon in patients with radiation proctitis, compared with normal controls. Only IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in diseased segments, compared with endoscopically normal-appearing segments in radiation proctitis. These results indicate that there is a similarity in the activation of mucosal cytokines between IBD and radiation proctosigmoiditis. This may partly explain the beneficial effects of similar topical and systemic agents such as steroids and mesalamine compounds when used in radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis.
A wafer scale integration neural network utilizing completely digital circuits (1989)

A wafer scale integration (WSI) neural network utilizing completely digital circuits is reported. Three new technologies are used: (1) time-sharing digital bus; (2) efficient utilization of weight storage; and (3) redundant learning control circuit. Items 1 and 2 enable more than 500 neurons and effectively more than 30000 synapses to be fabricated on a 5-in silicon wafer. Item 3 enables a very high yield to be realized on one silicon wafer using a 0.8 mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On node selection for classification in correlated data sets (2008)

Consider a system which can be in a finite number of states. Given a large number of characteristics which are measured, representing the system, we are concerned with the selection of a subset of characteristics of (small) given cardinality, for which the classification of the system according to one of the states in the state set is optimal according to the Rayleigh quotient criterion. This problem is relevant in various scenarios where a few explanatory variables have to be selected from a large set of candidates, including sensor selection in sensor networks, classification in image processing, and feature selection in data mining for bioinformatics applications. We show that the optimization amounts to finding the submatrix of the features covariance matrix for which the sum of elements of the inverse is maximized, and we present bounds which relate this optimization to a similar metric based on elements of the original covariance matrix.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Acetylcholinesterase Noncovalent Inhibitors Based on a Polyamine Backbone. 2. Role of the Substituents on the Phenyl Ring and Nitrogen Atoms of Caproctamine (2003)

Continuing our studies on polyamine-based compounds of potential interest in the field of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, we investigated the structure−activity relationships (SAR) of a lead compound (caproctamine, 3) identified in a previous work. In particular, we varied the substituents on the phenyl ring and on the nitrogen functions (both the amine and the amide), and studied the effects of such modifications on the inhibitory potency against isolated acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (AChE and BChE). Moreover, the ability of selected compounds to reverse the d-tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular blockade and their antagonism toward muscarinic M2 receptors in guinea pig left atrium were assayed. The most interesting SAR result was the identification of a relationship between the electronic characteristics of 2-substituents (measured by pKa) and the AChE inhibitory potency (pIC50) of tertiary amine compounds 6−12, which was confirmed by the invariance of the pIC50 values of the corresponding methiodide derivatives 14−20. With regard to the biological profile, the most interesting compound was the N-ethyl-analogue of caproctamine (9), that showed pIC50 values of 7.73 (±0.02) and 5.65 (±0.03) against AChE and BChE, respectively. The ability to increase the acetylcholine level was maintained in the functional assay (pAI50 for reversing the neuromuscular blockade was 6.45 (±0.07)), as well as the ability to antagonize the M2 receptors (pKb = 5.65 (±0.06)). Moreover, 9 showed a long duration of action as AChE inhibitor, an useful property in view of a possible development of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units (2008)

Three imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers, namely, 3-(1-ethyl imidazolium-3-yl)propylmethacrylamido bromide (IL-1), 2-(1-methylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-2), and 2-(1-ethylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-3), and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerized by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process in methanolic solutions at 70 °C, using either 2-cyanopropyl dithiobenzoate (CTA-1) or (4-cyanopentanoic acid)-4-dithiobenzoate (CTA-2) as chain transfer agents (CTAs). Under these conditions, polymers exhibited molar masses predetermined by the initial molar ratio of the monomers to the dithioester precursor, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy from chain ends analysis. These hydrophilic polymers were subsequently used as macro-CTAs in chain extension experiments in aqueous or in alcoholic solutions, affording IL-based double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) of the type PIL-1-b-PAm, PMAA-b-PIL-2 and PMAA-b-PIL-3, where PAm and PIL stand for polyacrylamide and polymeric ionic liquid. These DHBCs could be further manipulated and made to self-assemble in micelle-like structures in water by exchanging the bromide (Br−) counteranion of IL blocks for −N(SO2CF3)2. This anion exchange indeed turned the solution properties of the PIL blocks from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, as verified on the corresponding IL-based homopolymers which were immiscible with water after the anion switch. Investigations by 1H NMR evidenced that the diblock copolymers exhibited salt-responsive behavior in aqueous solutions: anion exchange induced the formation of water-soluble micellar aggregates consisting of hydrophobic − N(SO2CF3)2-based IL blocks at the core stabilized by water-soluble PAm or PMAA at the shell.
Comparative analysis of transparent conductive oxide electro-absorption modulators [Invited] (2018)

Electron accumulation in transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), when driven by a gate voltage, is capable of inducing extremely strong electro-optic absorption at the telecommunication wavelength window due to the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect and various waveguide modulators have been proposed in recent years. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of TCO modulators by reviewing several representative designs based on the uniform concentration accumulated carrier model and the classical continuous carrier distribution model. We also apply the quantum moment model to analyze the free carrier distribution of the TCO based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor for the first time, and reveal significantly different device physics compared with previous simulation models. The quantum moment model predicts a much higher driving voltage in order to turn the TCO materials into ENZ and a stronger modulation strength compared with the classical model. Especially, the requirement of the higher gate voltage brings a great challenge to the insulator layer as the electric field in the insulator is exceeding the breakdown strength, which raises the concern of reliability. In order to evaluate the accuracy of different models, we compare the simulation results with two of the most recent experimental papers and show that the quantum model has a better match in terms of the electro-absorption rate and the differential driving voltage. However, the quantum moment model still cannot explain some other experimental results, which may be induced by different modulation mechanisms.
Cleavage of an Amide Bond by a Ribozyme (1995)

A variant form of a group I ribozyme, optimized by in vitro evolution for its ability to catalyze magnesium-dependent phosphoester transfer reactions involving DNA substrates, also catalyzes the cleavage of an unactivated alkyl amide when that linkage is presented in the context of an oligodeoxynucleotide analog. Substrates containing an amide bond that joins either two DNA oligos, or a DNA oligo and a short peptide, are cleaved in a magnesium-dependent fashion to generate the expected products. The first-order rate constant, kcat, is 0.1 x 10(-5) min-1 to 1 x 10(-5) min-1 for the DNA-flanked substrates, which corresponds to a rate acceleration of more than 10(3) as compared with the uncatalyzed reaction.
Varieties of Cabbage Lettuce and Their Classification (1936)

(1937). Varieties of Cabbage Lettuce and Their Classification. Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 26-38.
Genomic Profiling Identifies Discrete Deletions Associated with Translocations in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2006)

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common tumor arising in the central nervous system. Patients with these tumors have limited treatment options and their disease is invariably fatal. Molecularly targeted agents offer the potential to improve patient treatment, however the use of these will require a fuller understanding of the genetic changes in these complex tumors. In this study, we identify copy number changes in a series of glioblastoma multiforme tumors and cell lines by applying high-resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the cell lines revealed that copy number changes define translocation breakpoints. We focused on chromosome 6 and further characterized three regions of copy number change associated with translocations including a discrete deletion involving IGF2R, PARK2, PACRG and QKI and an unbalanced translocation involving POLH, GTPBP2 and PTPRZ1.
Development of gene expression-based risk score in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia patients (2012)

Patients with normal karyotype represent the single largest cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with highly heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics. In this study, we sought to determine new prognostic biomarkers in cytogenetically normal (CN)-AML patients. A gene expression (GE)-based risk score was built, summing up the prognostic value of 22 genes whose expression is associated with a bad prognosis in a training cohort of 163 patients. GE-based risk score allowed identifying a high-risk group of patients (53.4%) in two independent cohorts of CN-AML patients. GE-based risk score and EVI1 gene expression remained independent prognostic factors using multivariate Cox analyses. Combining GE-based risk score with EVI1 gene expression allowed the identification of three clinically different groups of patients in two independent cohorts of CN-AML patients. Thus, GE-based risk score is powerful to predict clinical outcome for CN-AML patients and may provide potential therapeutic advances.
KID-1, a Protein Kinase Induced by Depolarization in Brain (1998)

Membrane depolarization leads to changes in gene expression that modulate neuronal plasticity. Using representational difference analysis, we have identified a previously undiscovered cDNA, KID-1 (kinase induced by depolarization), that is induced by membrane depolarization or forskolin, but not by neurotrophins or growth factors, in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. KID-1 is an immediate early gene that shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the family of PIM-1 serine/threonine protein kinases. Recombinant KID-1 fusion protein is able to catalyze both histone phosphorylation and autophosphorylation. KID-1 mRNA is present in a number of unstimulated tissues, including brain. In response to kainic acid and electroconvulsive shock-induced seizures, KID-1 is induced in specific regions of the hippocampus and cortex.