gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Etidronate and Lovastatin on the Regression of Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits (1994)

Eighty New Zealand rabbits in eight groups (10 each) were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. One group served as a control and was sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks. Seven other groups were shifted to a normal diet and received a drug(s) or placebo for the second 12 weeks. The high dose of etidronate (3 mg/kg/day) with lovastatin (6 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the percent of aortic atherosclerotic lesions [56 +/- 21 vs. 77 +/- 17% (mean +/- SD), p < 0.05] in the regression study. Compared to the control groups for etidronate and lovastatin, the high or low dose (0.15 mg/kg/day) of etidronate significantly reduced aortic standardized plaque volume per unit (18.7 +/- 7.9 or 18.8 +/- 9.1 vs. 28.4 +/- 11.8 mm.%, p < 0.05). Lovastatin reduced pulmonary artery maximum plaque thickness (0.13 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.11 mm, p < 0.05). There were no differences in serum lipid and calcium levels in the control and treated groups. The high dose of etidronate inhibited bone mineralization as expected, whereas the low dose of etidronate did not. These data suggest that etidronate with lovastatin can regress aortic atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit placed on a normal diet.
Functionalized Graphene Hydrogel‐Based High‐Performance Supercapacitors (2013)

Functionalized graphene hydrogels are prepared by a one-step low-temperature reduction process and exhibit ultrahigh specific capacitances and excellent cycling stability in the aqueous electrolyte. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors based on functionalized graphene hydrogels are demonstrated with superior capacitive performances and extraordinary mechanical flexibility.
Improving Speaker Diarization of TV Series using Talking-Face Detection and Clustering (2016)

While successful on broadcast news, meetings or telephone conversation, state-of-the-art speaker diarization techniques tend to perform poorly on TV series or movies. In this paper, we propose to rely on state-of-the-art face clustering techniques to guide acoustic speaker diarization. Two approaches are tested and evaluated on the first season of Game Of Thrones TV series. The second (better) approach relies on a novel talking-face detection module based on bi-directional long short-term memory recurrent neural network. Both audio-visual approaches outperform the audio-only baseline. A detailed study of the behavior of these approaches is also provided and paves the way to future improvements.
A Pharmacologically Validated, High-Capacity, Functional Thallium Flux Assay for the Human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene Potassium Channel (2010)

The voltage-gated potassium channel, human Ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG), represents the molecular component of IKr, one of the potassium currents involved in cardiac action potential repolarization. Inhibition of IKr increases the duration of the ventricular action potential, reflected as a prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, and increases the risk for potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Because hERG is an appropriate surrogate for IKr, hERG assays that can identify potential safety liabilities of compounds during lead identification and optimization have been implemented. Although the gold standard for hERG evaluation is electrophysiology, this technique, even with the medium capacity, automated instruments that are currently available, does not meet the throughput demands for supporting typical medicinal chemistry efforts in the pharmaceutical environment. Assays that could provide reliable molecular pharmacology data, while operating in high capacity mode, are therefore desirable. In the present study, we describe a high-capacity, 384- and 1,536-well plate, functional thallium flux assay for the hERG channel that fulfills these criteria. This assay was optimized and validated using different structural classes of hERG inhibitors. An excellent correlation was found between the potency of these agents in the thallium flux assay and in electrophysiological recordings of channel activity using the QPatch automated patch platform. Extension of this study to include 991 medicinal chemistry compounds from different internal drug development programs indicated that the thallium flux assay was a good predictor of in vitro hERG activity. These data suggest that the hERG thallium flux assay can play an important role in supporting drug development efforts.
Serological mapping of the TAG-72 tumor-associated antigen using 19 distinct monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 has been shown to be of potential utility in the management of human carcinoma via its use in (a) the targeting of carcinoma lesions in colorectal and ovarian cancer patients, (b) immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies and effusions, and (c) serum assays to help define the presence of carcinoma. The B72.3-reactive antigen, designated tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), has been characterized as a high molecular weight glycoprotein with the properties of a mucin. We report here the utilization of MAb B72.3 and 18 second generation MAbs (generated using purified TAG-72 obtained from a colon carcinoma xenograft as immunogen) to construct a serological map of the TAG-72 molecule. The generation and initial characterization of 10 of the second generation MAbs have been described previously; in addition, eight previously unreported MAbs were used. All 19 MAbs produced immune precipitate lines against purified TAG-72 in double immunodiffusion, indicating that each epitope recognized by a single MAb is present at least twice on the TAG-72 molecule. Immunodepletion analyses utilizing 11 of the anti-TAG-72 MAbs indicated that each recognizes the same molecule or population of molecules. Nineteen competition radioimmunoassays were developed and 19 purified competitor immunoglobulins were used in each assay. The patterns of cross-competition indicated the presence of a complex array of tumor-associated epitopes on the TAG-72 molecule. Some of the MAbs recognized epitopes that were structurally or spatially related to one another, but none appeared to recognize identical epitopes. The spectrum of inhibitory reactivities of these MAbs for TAG-72 binding varied from extremely restricted to more broad inhibition. The serological mapping studies reported here provide information as to the range and nature of the epitopes expressed on the TAG-72 molecule, help form the basis for selecting alternative anti-TAG-72 MAbs for use in potential clinical applications, and further define the nature of this oncofetal antigen.
Heat-inactivated Sendai virus can enter multiple MHC class I processing pathways and generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vivo. (1995)

We have earlier described an alternative MHC class I processing pathway for Sendai virus (SV) in H-2Kb-transfected T2 cells (T2Kb). These cells have deleted genes for transporters associated with Ag processing (TAP1/2) and proteasome subunits LMP2/7 but can still process SV for the presentation of an immunodominant nucleoprotein CTL epitope (nucleoprotein peptide 324-332, FAPGNYPAL, SV9), even in the presence of the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA). Presently we have compared live and heat-inactivated SV to investigate whether infectious virus, including early events such as binding and fusion at the host cell membrane, is important for nonclassical MHC class I processing and immunogenicity. We have found that heated virus (56 degrees C, boiled or autoclaved) with no fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase activities, behaves similar to live SV in T2kb cells by entering a TAP-independent and BFA-resistant pathway. In EL-4 cells, which do not express this nonclassical TAP-independent and BFA-resistant pathway, heat-treated SV is processed in a BFA-sensitive way. In T1Kb- and TAP1/2-transfected T2Kb cells, as in T2Kb cells, processing of heat-inactivated SV was completely BFA resistant. Heat-inactivated SV was also found to prime CTLs in vivo. We conclude that heat-inactivated SV can enter both BFA-sensitive and -resistant MHC class I processing pathways and that SV in this respect may be particularly efficient. What property in the SV that is important for this characteristic is presently not clear but might be useful for the deliberate generation of CTL responses in vivo.
Prediction of Amyloid Fibril-forming Proteins (2001)

In Alzheimer's disease and spongiform encephalopathies proteins transform from their native states into fibrils. We find that several amyloid-forming proteins harbor an alpha-helix in a polypeptide segment that should form a beta-strand according to secondary structure predictions. In 1324 nonredundant protein structures, 37 beta-strands with > or =7 residues were predicted in segments where the experimentally determined structures show helices. These discordances include the prion protein (helix 2, positions 179-191), the Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta, positions 16-23), and lung surfactant protein C (SP-C, positions 12-27). In addition, human coagulation factor XIII (positions 258-266), triacylglycerol lipase from Candida antarctica (positions 256-266), and d-alanyl-d-alanine transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61 (positions 92-106) contain a discordant helix. These proteins have not been reported to form fibrils but in this study were found to form fibrils in buffered saline at pH 7.4. By replacing valines in the discordant helical part of SP-C with leucines, an alpha-helix is found experimentally and by secondary structure predictions. This analogue does not form fibrils under conditions where SP-C forms abundant fibrils. Likewise, when Abeta residues 14-23 are removed or changed to a nondiscordant sequence, fibrils are no longer formed. We propose that alpha-helix/beta-strand-discordant stretches are associated with amyloid fibril formation.
Extended bridge algorithms for large networks (1988)

A network bridge is a device that operates at the ISO data link level and routes packets across extended networks, commonly composed of multiple local area networks (LANs) and bridges. A set of algorithms that greatly extends the application of the network bridge is presented. This multitree bridge algorithm allows networks of arbitrary topology and capacity to use bridge routing. The reduced broadcast bridge algorithm alleviates the problem of extraneous broadcasting in large networks built from bridges and packet switches. A method for routing to network users who change their location rapidly, as in mobile cellular radio systems, is presented. An algorithm for efficient multicasting in bridges is given. Application of this technology to the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism of Ad5 Vaccine Immunity and Toxicity: Fiber Shaft Targeting of Dendritic Cells (2007)

Recombinant adenoviral (rAd) vectors elicit potent cellular and humoral immune responses and show promise as vaccines for HIV-1, Ebola virus, tuberculosis, malaria, and other infections. These vectors are now widely used and have been generally well tolerated in vaccine and gene therapy clinical trials, with many thousands of people exposed. At the same time, dose-limiting adverse responses have been observed, including transient low-grade fevers and a prior human gene therapy fatality, after systemic high-dose recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector administration in a human gene therapy trial. The mechanism responsible for these effects is poorly understood. Here, we define the mechanism by which Ad5 targets immune cells that stimulate adaptive immunity. rAd5 tropism for dendritic cells (DCs) was independent of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), its primary receptor or the secondary integrin RGD receptor, and was mediated instead by a heparin-sensitive receptor recognized by a distinct segment of the Ad5 fiber, the shaft. rAd vectors with CAR and RGD mutations did not infect a variety of epithelial and fibroblast cell types but retained their ability to transfect several DC types and stimulated adaptive immune responses in mice. Notably, the pyrogenic response to the administration of rAd5 also localized to the shaft region, suggesting that this interaction elicits both protective immunity and vector-induced fevers. The ability of replication-defective rAd5 viruses to elicit potent immune responses is mediated by a heparin-sensitive receptor that interacts with the Ad5 fiber shaft. Mutant CAR and RGD rAd vectors target several DC and mononuclear subsets and induce both adaptive immunity and toxicity. Understanding of these interactions facilitates the development of vectors that target DCs through alternative receptors that can improve safety while retaining the immunogenicity of rAd vaccines.
Wavelength-Sensitive Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Aqueous Suspension over Iron(III)-doped TiO2 Nanopowders under UV and Visible Light Irradiation (2006)

Well-crystallized iron(III)-doped TiO2 nanopowders with controlled Fe3+ doping concentration and uniform dopant distribution, have been synthesized with plasma oxidative pyrolysis. The photocatalytic reactivity of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowders with a mean particle size of 50-70 nm was quantified in terms of the degradation rates of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous TiO2 suspension under UV (mainly 365 and 316 nm) and visible light irradiation (mainly 405 and 436 nm). The photodecomposition of MO over TiO2 nanopowders followed a distinct two-stage pseudo first order kinetics. Interestingly, the photocatalytic reactivity depends not only on the iron doping concentration but also on the wavelength of the irradiating light. Under UV irradiation, nominally undoped TiO2 had much higher reactivity than Fe3+ -doped TiO2, suggesting that Fe3+ doping (> 0.05 at. %) in TiO2 with a mean particle size of approximately 60 nm was detrimental to the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange. Whereas, under visible light irradiation, the Fe3+ -doped TiO2 with an intermediate iron doping concentration of approximately 1 at. % had the highest photocatalytic reactivity due to the narrowing of band gap so that it could effectively absorb the light with longer wavelength. A strategy for improving the photocatalytic reactivity of Fe3+ -doped TiO2 used in the visible light region is also proposed.
Retinoic Acid Signaling Positively Regulates Liver Specification by Inducing Wnt2bb Gene Expression in Medaka (2009)

Our data reveal the unexpected finding that RA signaling positively regulates the wnt2bb gene expression required for liver specification in medaka. These results suggest that a common molecular mechanism may underlie liver and pectoral fin specification during piscine embryogenesis.
Pivotal Advance: Bifidobacteria and Gram-negative bacteria differentially influence immune responses in the proinflammatory milieu of celiac disease (2009)

CD is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine that presents in genetically predisposed individuals following gluten consumption. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium bifidum IATA-ES2 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15707) and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis DSM2451, Escherichia coli CBL2, and Shigella CBD8 isolated from CD patients), alone and in the presence of CD triggers (gliadins and/or IFN-gamma) on surface marker expression and cytokine production by PBMCs, were determined. These effects were also evaluated in cocultures of PBMCs and Caco-2 cells. The Gram-negative bacteria induced higher secretion of Th1-type proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and/or IFN-gamma) than the Bifidobacterium strains. Shigella CBD8 and E. coli CBL2 up-regulated mainly HLA-DR and CD40 expression involved in Th1 activation, and Bifidobacterium strains up-regulated CD83 expression. Specific interactions among the studied bacteria, gliadins, and IFN-gamma, which favored the CD immune features, were also detected. Therefore, intestinal bacteria could be additional factors that regulate the ability of monocytes recruited to the mucosa to respond to gliadins and IFN-gamma in CD patients, influencing the course of the disease.
Hemopexin deficiency promotes acute kidney injury in sickle cell disease (2020)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical concern in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical evidence suggests that red cell alarmins may cause AKI in SCD, however, the sterile inflammatory process involved has hitherto not been defined. We discovered that hemopexin deficiency in SCD is associated with a compensatory increase in α-1-microglobulin (A1M), resulting in an up to 10-fold higher A1M-to-hemopexin ratio in SCD compared with healthy controls. The A1M-to-hemopexin ratio is associated with markers of hemolysis and AKI in both humans and mice with SCD. Studies in mice showed that excess heme is directed to the kidneys in SCD in a process involving A1M causing AKI, whereas excess heme in controls is transported to the liver as expected. Using genetic and bone marrow chimeric tools, we confirmed that hemopexin deficiency promotes AKI in sickle mice under hemolytic stress. However, AKI was blocked when hemopexin deficiency in sickle mice was corrected with infusions of purified hemopexin prior to the induction of hemolytic stress. This study identifies acquired hemopexin deficiency as a risk factor of AKI in SCD and hemopexin replacement as a potential therapy.
Loading Fluorescent Ca2+ Indicators into Living Cells (2013)

Small-molecule fluorescent Ca(2+) reporters are the most widely used tools in the field of Ca(2+) signaling. The excellent spatial and temporal resolution afforded by fluorescent reporters has driven the understanding of Ca(2+) as a messenger in many different cell types. In many situations, the cellular loading and monitoring of fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators is quite trivial. However, there are numerous pitfalls that require consideration to ensure that optimal data are recorded. Fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators have carboxylic acid groups for binding of Ca(2+). Because these "free-acid" forms of the indicators are hydrophilic they cannot readily cross cell membranes and need to be introduced into cells using techniques such as microinjection, pinocytosis, or diffusion from a patch pipette. However, the most convenient and widely used method for loading indicators into cells is as hydrophobic compounds in which the carboxylic acid groups are esterified (commonly as acetoxymethyl [AM] or acetate esters). The ester versions of the indicators permeate the plasma membrane. The Ca(2+)-sensitive, free-acid form of the indicator is liberated following hydrolysis of the ester groups by intracellular esterases.
Paradoxical relationship between acetylator phenotype and amonafide toxicity (1991)

Patients receiving the investigational antineoplastic agent amonafide underwent prospective determination of acetylator phenotype with use of caffeine as a test drug. Fast acetylators of caffeine had significantly greater toxicity (myelosuppression) after amonafide treatment than slow acetylators, presumably because of greater conversion of amonafide to the active acetylated metabolite. Furthermore, the estimated area under the plasma concentration-time curve of amonafide was significantly greater in the fast acetylators, indicating that the total plasma clearance was paradoxically lower in this group. It is hypothesized that this paradox is attributable to competition for oxidation of amonafide by its acetylated metabolite (parallel pathway interaction). Pretreatment white blood count and patient age were also independent predictors of leukopenia. In addition, it was noted that the ratio of actual to ideal body weight was significantly higher in the fast acetylators. Studies are in progress to determine the optimal amonafide dose in both acetylator subgroups.
Picture Query Languages for Pictorial Data-Base Systems (1981)

Integrated pictorial data-base systems need pictorial query languages to enhance their effectiveness. The tabular structures of QPE, IQ, and others are easy to understand and access.
Purely optical networks for terabit communication (1989)

Emerging applications require a substantially higher bandwidth than the one offered by current networks. The authors propose a novel architectural approach that meets the high bandwidth requirements by introducing a communication architecture based on lightpaths, which are purely optical transmission paths in the network. Since lightpaths form the building block of the proposed architecture, its performance hinges on their efficient establishment and management. The authors shown that although the problem of optimally establishing lightpaths is NP-complete, distributed heuristics provide near-optimal solutions for several of the basic problems presented by the lightpath architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Junction of several weakly interacting quantum wires:  A renormalization group study (2002)

We study the conductance of three or more semi-infinite wires which meet at a junction. The electrons in the wires are taken to interact weakly with each other through a short-range density-density interaction, and they encounter a general scattering matrix at the junction. We derive the renormalization-group equations satisfied by the S-matrix, and we identify its fixed points and their stabilities. The conductance between any pair of wires is then studied as a function of physical parameters such as temperature. We discuss the possibility of observing the effects of junctions in present day experiments, such as the four-terminal conductance of a quantum wire and crossed quantum wires.
Optical fiber spectrometry in turbid solutions by multivariate calibration applied to tablet dissolution testing (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical fiber spectrometry in turbid solutions by multivariate calibration applied to tablet dissolution testingMats. Josefson, Erik. Johansson, and Arne. TorstenssonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 24, 2666–2671Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00175a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00175a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts