gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nephrotic Syndrome Complicating α-Glucosidase Replacement Therapy for Pompe Disease (2004)

We report a patient with Pompe disease who developed reversible nephrotic syndrome during prolonged, high-dose, experimental, enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA). Because of the development of antibodies to rhGAA and concomitant clinical decline, escalating doses of rhGAA were administered as part of an experimental immune tolerance regimen. Histologic evaluation of kidney tissue revealed glomerular deposition of immune complexes containing rhGAA itself, in a pattern of membranous nephropathy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of nephrotic syndrome occurring during enzyme replacement therapy. The nephrotic syndrome gradually resolved after the rhGAA dose was decreased, indicating that decreasing the antigenic load can ameliorate glomerular immune complex deposition associated with enzyme replacement in a highly sensitized patient.
Therapeutic Use of Cytokines to Modulate Phagocyte Function for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: Current Status of Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor, Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor, Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor, and Interferon‐γ (2002)

The innate immune system represents the initial arm of host defense against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Neutrophils, monocytes, and tissue-based macrophages are major cellular components of this system. The potential ability to augment activity of the innate immune system has increased dramatically during the past 2 decades, with the discovery and development of cytokines. Four cytokines, namely granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interferon (IFN)-gamma, have received increasing attention as potential adjunctive agents for the treatment of infectious diseases. In various animal models of infection, therapeutic administration of each of the 4 cytokines has been shown to enhance pathogen eradication and to decrease morbidity and/or mortality. However, variable therapeutic efficacy has been reported in clinical trials conducted to date. This review summarizes the current status of the use of G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IFN-gamma in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Collecting Voices from the Cloud (2010)

The collection and transcription of speech data is typically an expensive and time-consuming task. Voice over IP and cloud computing are poised to eliminate this impediment to research on spoken language interfaces in many domains. This paper documents our efforts to deploy speech-enabled web interfaces to large audiences over the Internet via Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online marketplace for work. Using the open source WAMI Toolkit, we collected corpora in two different domains which collectively constitute over 113 hours of speech. The first corpus contains 100,000 utterances of read speech, and was collected by asking workers to record street addresses in the United States. For the second task, we collected conversations with Flight Browser, a multimodal spoken dialogue system. The Flight Browser corpus obtained contains 10,651 utterances composing 1,113 individual dialogue sessions from around 100 distinct users. The aggregate time spent collecting the data for both corpora was just under two weeks. At times, our servers were logging audio from workers at rates faster than real-time. We describe the process of collection and transcription of these corpora while providing an analysis of the advantages and limitations to this data collection method. 1.
Non-antigen signals for B-cell growth and differentiation to antibody secretion (1993)

Recently, significant progress had been made in understanding the T-B lymphocyte interactions that control humoral immunity. This review highlights experiments that demonstrate a central role for interactions between T-cell-B-cell-activating molecule (CD40 ligand) expressed on T cells and CD40 on B cells in B-cell activation and immunoglobulin isotype switching, both in vitro and in vivo.
ACEII, a Novel Transcriptional Activator Involved in Regulation of Cellulase and Xylanase Genes of Trichoderma reesei (2001)

A novel yeast-based method to isolate transcriptional activators was applied to clone regulators binding to the cellulase promoter cbh1 of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina). This led to the isolation of the cellulase activator ace2 encoding for a protein belonging to the class of zinc binuclear cluster proteins found exclusively in fungi. The DNA-binding domain of ACEII was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli, and ACEII was shown to bind in vitro to the 5'-GGCTAATAA site present in the cbh1 promoter. This site also contains the proposed binding sequence of the xylanase activator XlnR of Aspergillus niger. Mutation of the GGC triplet abolished ACEII binding. The function of ACEII was studied by analyzing the effects of ace2 deletion in the hypercellulolytic T. reesei strain ALKO2221. Deletion of the ace2 gene led to lowered induction kinetics of mRNAs encoding the major cellulases cellobiohydrolases I and II and endoglucanases I and II and to 30-70% reduced cellulase activity when the fungus was grown on medium containing Solka floc cellulose. The expression level of the gene encoding xylanase was also affected. ace2 deletion led to lowered xyn2 expression in cellulose-induced cultivation. Cellulase induction by sophorose was not affected by ace2 deletion.
Memory Architecture of 3D Vertical Gate (3DVG) NAND Flash Using Plural Island-Gate SSL Decoding Method and Study of it's Program Inhibit Characteristics (2012)

The memory architecture of 3D vertical gate (3DVG) NAND Flash using plural island-gate SSL decoding method is discussed in detail. In order to provide a good array efficiency, 3DVG shares the wordlines (WL) in vertical direction, and BL's in lateral direction. In order to correctly decode the array, every channel BL has its own island-gate SSL device for the control. Meanwhile, many channel BL's are grouped together in one unit, and the staircase BL contacts are formed in order to decode various memory layers. Page operation is naturally defined by the selection of each island-gate SSL device. Due to the plural SSL devices, the 3DVG architecture inevitably has more pages when stacked layer number is increased, thus program inhibit stress is much larger than conventional 2D NAND. In this work, the program inhibit performances of 3DVG TFT NAND are discussed. Scaling capability down to 3Xnm node is also demonstrated.
Independent Component Analysis of Skin Color Image (1998)

The spatial distributions of melanin and hemoglobin in human skin are separated by independent component analysis of skin color image. It is our goal to apply these results for the estimation of preferred skin color in color reproduction and the evaluation of a face browned by the sun and diagnosis of a skin disease. In this paper, the principle of independent component analysis is described and it is also shown that the components of melanin and hemoglobin from skin color image can be separated both theoretically and experimentally.
Starch and non‐starch polysaccharides in some cereal foods (1983)

Abstract The polysaccharide content of some cereal foods is reported, measured by a recently described technique. This method allows accurate determination of plant cell wall and other plant polysaccharides and identification and measurement of starch made resistant to digestion by α‐amylase and pullulanase during food processing (resistant starch). The results reported are at variance with values for dietary fibre measured by other published methods by a factor of up to 10 in some foods. This is due partly to the failure of some methods to identify resistant starch separately from NSP and partly to other details of methodology. Implied in these findings is the need to critically assess methods used for the chemical determination of non‐starch polysaccharides and the need to be cautious in interpreting dietary‐fibre‐intake data especially in population studies.
Responsiveness of endpoints in osteoporosis clinical trials--an update. (1999)

As an update of our earlier paper, published as part of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT 3) proceedings in 1996, we surveyed the types of outcomes incorporated in recent clinical trials. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and Current Contents, from January 1996 to March 1998, using the search strategy recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration for the identification of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Two independent reviewers selected trials according to inclusion criteria. The same reviewers extracted data on clinical and radiographic fractures, pain, quality of life, and bone mineral density (BMD). Seventy-four RCT conducted on bone loss in postmenopausal women were identified. Most trials incorporated biochemical markers and BMD as outcome measures. Fewer trials included vertebral fractures, pain, height, and quality of life. The responsiveness is presented in terms of the sample size needed per group to show a statistically significant difference. The most responsive outcomes were pain, BMD, and biochemical markers. The number needed to treat to prevent one vertebral fracture ranged from 13 to 54, depending on the intervention and population. Investigators should examine the characteristics of the patient population and the nature of the intervention in determining the sample size required to demonstrate a significant effect. The selection of endpoints should be based on their responsiveness, feasibility, and the importance of using standardized outcomes. Standardized outcomes greatly facilitate the synthesis of available information into systematic reviews by groups such as the Cochrane Collaboration.
A SIMPLE NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE (1987)

Kelly, Kathleen M.; Benjamin, Ernest; Hirsch, Steven; Geutili, David K.; Premus, Giuliano; Iberti, Thomas J. Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF 2(1H)‐PYRIDONE DERIVATIVES. I. SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF 6‐SUBSTITUTED 2(1H)‐PYRIDONES (1979)

Abstract Die aus den 6‐Chlorpyridonen (I) durch Alkylierung hergestellten N‐Alkyl‐6‐chloro‐pyridone (II) werden durch Substitution des Chloratoms in eine Reihe von 6‐Amino‐, 6‐Alkoxy‐ und 6‐Alkylthioderivaten umgewandelt.
Inhibition of dog platelet function by in vivo infusion of F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (1985)

To assess the potential of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit platelet function in vitro as in vivo therapeutic agents, F(ab')2 fragments (0.17 to 0.81 mg/kg) of a murine monoclonal antibody (7E3) that binds to platelet glycoproteins IIb and/or IIIa and blocks platelet aggregation induced by ADP were infused into three dogs. Soon after infusion, platelets recovered from the dogs showed a decreased aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate, with the highest dose producing nearly total inhibition. These platelets also showed decreased ability to bind 125I-7E3, which was assumed to reflect occupancy of the sites by the unlabeled F(ab')2 fragments. At the highest dose, the binding decreased by 85%, reflecting the binding of approximately 44,000 molecules of 7E3 F(ab')2 per platelet. Platelet counts decreased after antibody infusion by less than 20%, and none of the dogs showed spontaneous bleeding. Both the aggregation and binding results reverted toward normal within one day. We conclude that it is possible to profoundly inhibit platelet function by in vivo infusion of F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antiplatelet antibody without producing spontaneous hemorrhage or significant thrombocytopenia.
Specific Prolactin Binding Sites in the Prostate and Testis of Rats (1975)

Specific binding sites for prolactin have been detected in membrane preparations from the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate of male rats. The binding was time and temperature dependent. In prostatic tissue the binding of prolactin was a saturable process with an association constant (Ka) of 3 X 10(9) M-1 and a binding capacity of 125 femtomoles per mg of protein. The binding of prolactin to the prostate was inhibited only by lactogenic hormones. In the testis the low binding of prolactin increased slightly from 20 to 70 days of age. On the other hand, in the prostate the highest specific binding was found in membrane preparation from 20-day-old rats while 270-day-old rats had only 10% as much specific binding. The administration of estrogen also lowered prolactin binding to prostatic membranes. Castration caused an even greater decrease in the binding of [125I] iodo PRL in the prostate whereas in the liver this procedure resulted in a major increase in the binding of labeled prolactin.
Real-Time Video-Based Reconstruction of Urban Environments (2007)

We present an approach for automatic 3D reconstruction of outdoor scenes using computer vision techniques. Our system collectsvideo, GPS and INS data which are processed in real-time to produce geo-registered, detailed 3D models that represent the geometryand appearance of the world. These models are generated without manual measurements or markers in the scene and can be used forvisualization from arbitrary viewpoints, documentation and archiving of large areas. Our system consists of a data acquisition systemand a processing system that generated 3D models from the video sequences off-line but in real-time. The GPS/INS measurementsallow us to geo-register the pose of the camera at the time each frame was captured. The following stages of the processing pipelineperform dense reconstruction and generate the 3D models, which are in the form of a triangular mesh and a set of images that providetexture. By leveraging the processing power of the GPU, we are able to achieve faster than real-time performance, while maintainingan accuracy of a few cm.
Targeting Heat Shock Protein 90 in Pancreatic Cancer Impairs Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling, Disrupts an Interleukin-6/Signal-Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Autocrine Loop, and Reduces Orthotopic Tumor Growth (2007)

Blocking Hsp90 disrupts IGF-I and IL-6-induced proangiogenic signaling cascades by targeting IGF-IR and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer, leading to significant growth-inhibitory effects. Therefore, we suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors could prove to be valuable in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
IP lookups using multiway and multicolumn search (2002)

IP address lookup is becoming critical because of increasing routing table size, speed, and traffic in the Internet. Our paper shows how binary search can be adapted for best matching prefix using two entries per prefix and by doing precomputation. Next we show how to improve the performance of any best matching prefix scheme using an initial array indexed by the first X bits of the address. We then describe how to take advantage of cache line size to do a multiway search with 6-way branching. Finally, we show how to extend the binary search solution and the multiway search solution for IPv6. For a database of N prefixes with address length W, naive binary search scheme would take O(W*logN); we show how to reduce this to O(W+logN) using multiple column binary search. Measurements using a practical (Mae-East) database of 30000 entries yield a worst case lookup time of 490 nanoseconds, five times faster than the Patricia trie scheme used in BSD UNIX. Our scheme is attractive for IPv6 because of small storage requirement (2N nodes) and speed (estimated worst case of 7 cache line reads).
Disruption of the Gene Encoding the Acyl-CoA-binding Protein ( ) Perturbs Acyl-CoA Metabolism in (1996)

The ACB1 gene encoding the acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) was disrupted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The disruption did not affect the growth rate on glucose but reduced the growth rate on ethanol slightly. Although the growth rate of the acb1-disrupted cells was unaffected or only slightly affected, the acb1-disrupted strain was unable to compete with wild type cells when grown in mixed culture. The acyl-CoA level in the disrupted cells was increased from 1.5- to 2.5-fold during exponential growth. The increase in the acyl-CoA level was caused solely by an increase in de novo synthesized stearoyl-CoA. Experiments with purified yeast fatty acid synthetase show that it will synthesize long chain acyl-CoAs in the absence of acyl-CoA-binding protein. The addition of ACBP to the incubation medium resulted in a dramatic decrease in the chain length of the synthesized acyl-CoA esters. Despite the fact that the stearoyl-CoA concentration was increased 7-fold and the Delta9-desaturase mRNA level was increased 3-fold, the synthesis of oleic acid was unchanged in the acb1-disrupted strain. The results strongly indicate that ACBP in yeast is involved in the transport of newly synthesized acyl-CoA esters from the fatty acid synthetase to acyl-CoA-consuming processes.
Microdialysis and glucose biosensor for in vivo monitoring. (1992)

Microdialysis coupled to a glucose biosensor led to a continuous monitor system in vivo for glucose. Several microdialysis probes were used to stabilize the biosensor response. In vivo experiments, especially when the probe was placed subcutaneously, showed that the sensitivity of the biosensor decreased continuously; various kinds of fibers with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) ranging from 6,000 to 20,000 were compared. A wall-jet flow cell as detector for glucose showed less interference when compared to a thin layer cell. Glucoday, a new commercial instrument based on this principle, is presented.
A Programmable and Configurable Mixed-Mode FPAA SoC (2016)

This paper presents a floating-gate (FG)-based, field-programmable analog array (FPAA) system-on-chip (SoC) that integrates analog and digital programmable and configurable blocks with a 16-bit open-source MSP430 microprocessor (μP) and resulting interface circuitry. We show the FPAA SoC architecture, experimental results from a range of circuits compiled into this architecture, and system measurements. A compiled analog acoustic command-word classifier on the FPAA SoC requires 23 μW to experimentally recognize the word dark in a TIMIT database phrase. This paper jointly optimizes high parameter density (number of programmable elements/area/process normalized), as well as high accessibility of the computations due to its data flow handling; the SoC FPAA is 600 000 × higher density than other non-FG approaches.
Fasting Insulin and Apolipoprotein B Levels and Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size as Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease (1998)

Results from this prospective study suggest that the measurement of fasting plasma insulin level, apolipoprotein B level, and LDL particle size may provide further information on the risk of IHD compared with the information provided by conventional lipid variables.
Tumor necrosis factor gene expression is mediated by protein kinase C following activation by ionizing radiation. (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production following X-irradiation has been implicated in the biological response to ionizing radiation. Protein kinase C (PKC) is suggested to participate in TNF transcriptional induction and X-ray-mediated gene expression. We therefore studied radiation-mediated TNF expression in HL-60 cells with diminished PKC activity produced by either pretreatment with protein kinase inhibitors or prolonged 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Both treatments resulted in attenuation of radiation-mediated TNF induction. Consistent with these results, we found no detectable induction of TNF expression following X-irradiation in the HL-60 variant deficient in PKC-mediated signal transduction. The rapid activation of PKC following gamma-irradiation was established using an in vitro assay measuring phosphorylation of a PKC specific substrate. A 4.5-fold increase in PKC activity occurred 15 to 30 s following irradiation, which declined to baseline at 60 s. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of phosphoproteins extracted from irradiated cells demonstrated in vivo phosphorylation of the PKC specific substrate Mr 80,000 protein at 45 s following X-irradiation. These findings indicate that signal transduction via the PKC pathway is required for the induction of TNF gene expression by ionizing radiation.
Recent developments in SLIVER cell technology (2005)

SLIVER cells, which were invented and developed at the ANU, allow the production of thin silicon cells and modules from standard silicon wafers, without the requirement for silicon deposition or any other expensive steps. Reductions in silicon consumption by a factor of 7-12 and reductions in the number of wafers that need to be processed per MW of a factor of 12-40 are possible. SLIVER cells are fabricated with sophisticated processing on high quality single crystal silicon substrates. SLIVER cell efficiencies above 19% are the highest reported for any commercially-viable thin-film cell. In this paper we report that a new SLIVER process has been devised that has the potential to double the throughput of a factory compared with the older SLIVER process.
Vaccination of Pigs against Swine Influenza Viruses by Using an NS1-Truncated Modified Live-Virus Vaccine (2006)

Swine influenza viruses (SIV) naturally infect pigs and can be transmitted to humans. In the pig, genetic reassortment to create novel influenza subtypes by mixing avian, human, and swine influenza viruses is possible. An SIV vaccine inducing cross-protective immunity between different subtypes and strains circulating in pigs is highly desirable. Previously, we have shown that an H3N2 SIV (A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 [TX98]) containing a deleted NS1 gene expressing a truncated NS1 protein of 126 amino acids, NS1black triangle126, was attenuated in swine. In this study, 4-week-old pigs were vaccinated with the TX98 NS1black triangle126 modified live virus (MLV). Ten days after boosting, pigs were challenged with wild-type homologous H3N2 or heterosubtypic H1N1 SIV and sacrificed 5 days later. The MLV was highly attenuated and completely protected against challenge with the homologous virus. Vaccinated pigs challenged with the heterosubtypic H1N1 virus demonstrated macroscopic lung lesions similar to those of the unvaccinated H1N1 control pigs. Remarkably, vaccinated pigs challenged with the H1N1 SIV had significantly lower microscopic lung lesions and less virus shedding from the respiratory tract than did unvaccinated, H1N1-challenged pigs. All vaccinated pigs developed significant levels of hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers in serum and mucosal immunoglobulin A antibodies against H3N2 SIV antigens. Vaccinated pigs were seronegative for NS1, indicating the potential use of the TX98 NS1black triangle126 MLV as a vaccine to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals.
Multisensor fusion for autonomous UAV navigation based on the Unscented Kalman Filter with Sequential Measurement Updates (2010)

This paper describes a new filtering framework of multisensor fusion and its application to the low-cost strapdown inertial navigation system of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The navigation system fuses various sources of sensor information from low-cost sensor suites such as an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a Global Positioning System (GPS), and a three-axis magnetometer in the new framework of the Unscented Kalman Filter with Sequential Measurement Updates (SMU-UKF). In particular, sensor measurements can be easily fused together regardless of the number of sensors, sensor update rates, and sensor data dimensions. The performance and error analysis of the integrated navigation system based on this new multisensor fusion filter are assessed in a realistic simulation environment by comparing performance with that of an existing Extended Kalman Filter-based navigation system.