gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation and allelic replacement in Francisella spp. (1991)

We describe methods for transposon mutagenesis and allelic replacement in the facultative intracellular pathogen Francisella. Recombinant clones were constructed by insertion of partially cut F. tularensis or F. novicida DNA into pUC19 and then mutagenized with a mini-Tn10-Km transposon. F. novicida could be transformed with these plasmids either by a chemical transformation method or by electroporation, whereas F. tularensis could be transformed only by electroporation. Transformation of F. tularensis by electroporation was enhanced in the absence of the capsule. Southern blot analysis showed that the KmR marker was rescued either by integration of the plasmid into the Francisella chromosome or by allelic replacement. Allelic replacement was found to be the mechanism underlying a site-specific mutation affecting FopA, an outer-membrane protein of Francisella. F. novicida could also be transformed with chromosomal DNA carrying the KmR marker and the transformation frequency obtained using chromosomal DNA was generally greater than that obtained using plasmid DNA. F. novicida was also transformed by an IncQ plasmid containing an F. novicida DNA insert, which replicated autonomously in this host.
Identification of the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase residues that contribute to the activity of diverse nonnucleoside inhibitors (1992)

The reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is potently inhibited by a structurally diverse group of nonnucleoside compounds. These include pyridinone derivatives, tetrahydroimadazo[4,5,1-j,k][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one and -thione, and BI-RG-587 (nevirapine). The compounds act noncompetitively, by an unknown mechanism, with respect to template-primer and nucleotide substrates. Despite a high degree of similarity between the HIV-1 and HIV-2 RTs, the HIV-2 enzyme is totally insensitive to these inhibitors. Using a novel method for joining DNA sequences, we have exploited this difference between the two enzymes to identify the regions of the RT that contribute to the compounds' inhibitory activities. The relative in vitro sensitivities of HIV-1/HIV-2 chimeric and site-specific mutant enzymes were determined. Sensitivity to inhibition was largely, though not exclusively, dependent upon the RT region defined by amino acid residues 176 to 190, with specific contributions by residues 181 and 188. The region defined by residues 101 to 106 was found to functionally interact with the domain from 155 to 217. In addition, the functional equivalence of the three inhibitor groups was shown.
Development of Grasshopper-like Robot (2003)

本研究では, バッタの行動解析を行うためにバッタ型ロボットの開発・研究を行う。歩行・跳躍が可能なバッタ型ロボットのメカニズムおよび制御システムについて議論し, 基本的歩行・跳躍実験による評価を行う。
Interaction of heparin with annexin V (1999)

The energetics and kinetics of the interaction of heparin with the Ca2+ and phospholipid binding protein annexin V, was examined and the minimum oligosaccharide sequence within heparin that binds annexin V was identified. Affinity chromatography studies confirmed the Ca2+ dependence of this binding interaction. Analysis of the data obtained from surface plasmon resonance afforded a Kd of approximately 21 nM for the interaction of annexin V with end-chain immobilized heparin and a Kd of approximately 49 nM for the interaction with end-chain immobilized heparan sulfate. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed the minimum annexin V binding oligosaccharide sequence within heparin corresponds to an octasaccharide sequence. The Kd of a heparin octasaccharide binding to annexin V was approximately 1 microM with a binding stoichiometry of 1:1.
Syntheses of Nicotinamide Riboside and Derivatives: Effective Agents for Increasing Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Concentrations in Mammalian Cells (2007)

A new two-step methodology achieves stereoselective synthesis of beta-nicotinamide riboside and a series of related amide, ester, and acid nucleosides. Compounds were prepared through a triacetylated-nicotinate ester nucleoside, via coupling of either ethylnicotinate or phenylnicotinate with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranose. Nicotinamide riboside, nicotinic acid riboside, O-ethylnicotinate riboside, O-methylnicotinate riboside, and several N-alkyl derivatives increased NAD+ concentrations from 1.2-2.7-fold in several mammalian cell lines. These findings establish bioavailability and potent effects of these nucleosides in stimulating the increase of NAD+ concentrations in mammalian cells.
Amyloid imaging in mild cognitive impairment subtypes (2009)

These data support the notion that amyloid-positive patients are likely to have early AD, and that the use of amyloid imaging may have an important role in determining which patients are likely to benefit from disease-specific therapies. In addition, our data are consistent with longitudinal studies that suggest a significant percentage of all MCI subtypes will develop AD.
The checkpoint mechanism in KeyKOS (2003)

KeyKOS is an object-oriented microkernel operating system. KeyKOS achieves persistence of objects by taking frequent system-wide checkpoints of the entire system state to disk. Checkpoints do not interrupt operation of the system for any significant period of time. On restart from a failure, the entire system is restored to the state at the last checkpoint, and processes resume execution as if there had been no interruption. This single mechanism ensures persistence of all objects over many years, maintains security, and achieves a high degree of fault-tolerance. The checkpointed state can be written to tape for off-site back-up, without stopping the system. A journaling mechanism allows data to be committed between checkpoints. Paging of virtual memory is integrated with the checkpoint mechanism, allowing KeyKOS to achieve extremely high disk I/O performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Cardiovascular effects of omega-3-fatty acids and alternatives to increase their intake]. (2005)

Cardiovascular diseases are the main mortality cause in Europe, the USA and a great extent of Asia. There are several risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as increased total cholesterol, homocysteine and triglycerides, hypertension, diabetes, and reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol. Many of these risk factors are diet influenced. In spite of the great amount of foods enriched with n-3 fatty acids available at the market, the knowledge about the effects produced by regular intake of these foods still is a challenge in the majority of cases. It appears that intake of foods enriches with n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids is an option that may be effective in reducing risk factors for diseases, by substituting supplements without modifying consumer's alimentary habits. Also shown are the outcomes from a nutritional study undergone with a functional milk-bases food that contains n-3 fatty acids, oleic acid and vitamins.
[Hemodynamic effects of lung inflation during bilateral and single lung ventilation--a clinical investigation]. (1991)

Hemodynamic changes during positive airway pressure ventilation is well known. To compare changes of hemodynamic variables during one-lung inflation with those during two-lung inflation, we studied the effects of lung inflation on hemodynamic changes in 15 anesthetized patients who were intubated endobronchially. When the airway pressure was increased from 0 cmH2O to 10, 20, 30 cmH2O, systolic pressure decreased gradually and central venous pressure increased during both two-lung and one-lung inflations (P less than 0.05). During one-lung inflation, the decrease in arterial pressure relative to apneic arterial pressure was significantly less than those during two-lung inflation at each level of airway pressure (P less than 0.05). During one-lung inflation, central venous pressure which was higher relative to apneic central venous pressure, and was less than that during two-lung inflation at 30 cmH2O (P less than 0.05). Heart rate was unchanged during both two and one-lung inflations compared with apneic heart rate. We conclude that during one-lung inflation, systolic pressure and central venous pressure are influenced less by the increased airway pressure than during two-lung inflation. The results indicate that during one lung ventilation, lungs inflated with clinically accepted levels of airway pressure do not depress the systemic circulation, but when the airway pressure during one-lung inflation (like a leak test) exceeded over 30 cmH2O, a significant depression of the systemic circulation occurs.
Functional characterization of B lymphocytes generatedin vitrofrom embryonic stem cells (1999)

To study molecular events involved in B lymphocyte development and V(D)J rearrangement, we have established an efficient system for the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into mature Ig-secreting B lymphocytes. Here, we show that B lineage cells generated in vitro from ES cells are functionally analogous to normal fetal liver-derived or bone marrow-derived B lineage cells at three important developmental stages: first, they respond to Flt-3 ligand during an early lymphopoietic progenitor stage; second, they become targets for Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) infection at a pre-B cell stage; third, they secrete Ig upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide at a mature mitogen-responsive stage. Moreover, the ES cell-derived A-MuLV-transformed pre-B (EAB) cells are phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from standard A-MuLV-transformed pre-B cells derived from infection of mouse fetal liver or bone marrow. Notably, EAB cells possess functional V(D)J recombinase activity. In particular, the generation of A-MuLV transformants from ES cells will provide an advantageous system to investigate genetic modifications that will help to elucidate molecular mechanisms in V(D)J recombination and in A-MuLV-mediated transformation.
The anatomy of peripheral lymphoid organs with emphasis on accessory cells: Light‐microscopic immunocytochemical studies of mouse spleen, lymph node, and peyer's patch (1984)

Antigen, lymphocytes, and accessory cells interact within peripheral lymphoid organs to generate immunity. Two cell types have been studied for accessory function in culture: mononuclear phagocytes and nonphagocytic Ia-rich dendritic cells. The monoclonal antibodies which have been used to study isolated murine macrophages (M phi) and dendritic cells (DC) include alpha-macrophage (F4/80, M1/70), alpha-dendritic cell (33D1), alpha-Fc receptor (2.4G2), and alpha-Ia (B21-2) reagents. In this paper, the antibodies have been used to stain accessory cells in cryostat sections of mouse spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch. Each organ is known to contain subregions that are rich in either macrophages, B cells, or T cells. We found that the accessory cells in each subregion had a different phenotype. 1) Macrophage-rich regions: Macrophages that lined the site of antigen delivery (marginal zone of spleen, around afferent lymphatics of node, and below the epithelium of Peyer's patch) were stained with M1/70 but not with F4/80. F4/80 was abundant on macrophages in other sites: spleen red pulp, node medulla, and around Peyer's patch efferent lymphatics. 2) B-lymphocyte-rich follicles: Follicular dendritic cells, which retain immune complexes extracellularly, are concentrated on the outer aspect of the germinal center. This region stained strongly with alpha-Fc receptor antibody 2.4G2, but not with M1/70, F4/80, or 33D1. 3) T areas: The interdigitating cells of T areas have been linked to isolated dendritic cells. Irregular Ia-rich cells were distributed uniformly in the T areas of each organ. However, staining with 33D1 was not detected and was restricted to foci of nonphagocytic cells at the spleen red/white pulp junction. F4/80, M1/70 or 2.4G2 also did not stain the T area, except for the region close to splenic central arteries. Therefore the principal surface markers and locations of the candidate accessory cells in murine lymphoid organs are M1/70+ macrophages at the site of antigen entry; F4/80+ macrophages around regions of lymphocyte efflux; germinal center dendritic cells, which may be rich in 2.4G2; and Ia-rich interdigiting cells in the T area.
Enforcing physically restricted access control for remote data (2011)

In a distributed computing environment, remote devices must often be granted access to sensitive information. In such settings, it is desirable to restrict access only to known, trusted devices. While approaches based on public key infrastructure and trusted hardware can be used in many cases, there are settings for which these solutions are not practical. In this work, we define physically restricted access control to reflect the practice of binding access to devices based on their intrinsic properties. Our approach is based on the application of physically unclonable functions. We define and formally analyze protocols enforcing this policy, and present experimental results observed from developing a prototype implementation. Our results show that non-deterministic physical properties of devices can be used as a reliable authentication and access control factor.
Human hybridoma lupus anticoagulants distinguish between lamellar and hexagonal phase lipid systems. (1986)

Antibodies to phospholipids may have important physiological and biological functions. Lupus anticoagulants represent a subclass of anti-phospholipid antibodies which are characterized by their ability to prolong the clotting time in in vitro coagulation assays measuring partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (Thiagarajan, P., Shapiro, S. S., and DeMarco, L. (1980) J. Clin. Invest. 66, 397-405). In the present study, we produced hybridomas by fusing lymphocytes from 13 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the GM 4672 lymphoblastoid line. Of the resulting 67 hybridoma autoantibodies, 14 (21%) were found to prolong a modified PTT assay, and 11 of these antibodies were analyzed further. Competition experiments, using a modified PTT assay, demonstrated that hexagonal phase phospholipids, including natural and synthetic forms of phosphatidylethanolamine, were able to neutralize the lupus anticoagulant activity of all 11 hybridoma antibodies. In contrast, lamellar phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and synthetic lamellar forms of phosphatidylethanolamine, had no effect on the anticoagulant activity. Thus, these antibodies are capable of recognizing phospholipids on purely structural criteria. The demonstration that anti-phospholipid antibodies are able to distinguish between different structural arrangements of phospholipid may have important implications regarding the immunoregulation of autoimmunity.
Focus 3D (2013)

We present a glasses-free 3D display design with the potential to provide viewers with nearly correct accommodative depth cues, as well as motion parallax and binocular cues. Building on multilayer attenuator and directional backlight architectures, the proposed design achieves the high angular resolution needed for accommodation by placing spatial light modulators about a large lens: one conjugate to the viewer's eye, and one or more near the plane of the lens. Nonnegative tensor factorization is used to compress a high angular resolution light field into a set of masks that can be displayed on a pair of commodity LCD panels. By constraining the tensor factorization to preserve only those light rays seen by the viewer, we effectively steer narrow high-resolution viewing cones into the user's eyes, allowing binocular disparity, motion parallax, and the potential for nearly correct accommodation over a wide field of view. We verify the design experimentally by focusing a camera at different depths about a prototype display, establish formal upper bounds on the design's accommodation range and diffraction-limited performance, and discuss practical limitations that must be overcome to allow the device to be used with human observers.
Effects of Testosterone Treatment on Endometrial Proliferation in Postmenopausal Women (2007)

The short-term treatment with testosterone of postmenopausal women does not stimulate endometrial proliferation. In addition, testosterone appears to counteract endometrial proliferation induced by estrogen to a certain extent.
The Structure of Aureomycin1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Aureomycin1C. R. Stephens, L. H. Conover, R. Pasternack, F. A. Hochstein, W. T. Moreland, P. P. Regna, F. J. Pilgrim, K. J. Brunings, and R. B. WoodwardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 13, 3568–3575Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01642a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01642a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antagonism of Secreted PCSK9 Increases Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression in HepG2 Cells (2009)

PCSK9 is a secreted protein that degrades low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) in liver by binding to the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR. It is not known whether PCSK9 causes degradation of LDLRs within the secretory pathway or following secretion and reuptake via endocytosis. Here we show that a mutation in the LDLR EGF-A domain associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, H306Y, results in increased sensitivity to exogenous PCSK9-mediated cellular degradation because of enhanced PCSK9 binding affinity. The crystal structure of the PCSK9-EGF-A(H306Y) complex shows that Tyr-306 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp-374 in PCSK9 at neutral pH, which strengthens the interaction with PCSK9. To block secreted PCSK9 activity, LDLR (H306Y) subfragments were added to the medium of HepG2 cells stably overexpressing wild-type PCSK9 or gain-of-function PCSK9 mutants associated with hypercholesterolemia (D374Y or S127R). These subfragments blocked secreted PCSK9 binding to cell surface LDLRs and resulted in the recovery of LDLR levels to those of control cells. We conclude that PCSK9 acts primarily as a secreted factor to cause LDLR degradation. These studies support the concept that pharmacological inhibition of the PCSK9-LDLR interaction extracellularly will increase hepatic LDLR expression and lower plasma low density lipoprotein levels.
The beneficial effects of a gas-permeable flask for expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating lymphocytes as reflected in their mitochondrial function and respiration capacity (2015)

Adoptive transfer of autologous <i>ex vivo</i> expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a highly successful cell therapy approach in the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Notwithstanding the success of this therapy, only very few centers worldwide can provide it. To make this therapy broadly available, one of the major obstacles to overcome is the complexity of culturing the TIL. Recently, major efforts have been deployed to resolve this issue. The use of the Gas-permeable flask (G-Rex) during the REP has been one application that has facilitated this process. Here we show that the use of this new device is able to rescue poor TIL growth and maintain clonal diversity while supporting an improved mitochondrial function.
Coupled defect-size effects on interlayer friction in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2005)

Systematical molecular statics and dynamics simulations are performed on the interlayer friction and energy dissipation of biwalled carbon nanotubes of different chirality and size, with and without defects. The interlayer friction force of perfect bitube systems is strongly dependent on commensuration and independent of the tube length in incommensurate systems at very low temperature. However, the existence of defects can ruin the perfect-geometry controlled interlayer interaction and lead to a sharp increase in friction and energy dissipation rate. The oscillating energy dissipation rate increases monotonically even in an incommensurate bitube system with increasing tube length and defect density. The coupled effects of system registration, size, and defects are demonstrated, which can explain how an ultrasmooth nano-bitube system leads to a rougher longer tube system and provides a new mechanism for multiscale tribology. Simulations on the influence of attachments and terminal conditions at the end of the tubes show that H terminations lead to a higher rate of energy dissipation in a bitube oscillator than capped and freely open cores in the systems. The findings of these important effects can provide a fundamental understanding with which to create novel nanosystems from multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Feasibility Study of Density-Independent Moisture Measurement with Microwaves (1981)

A new method of density-independent moisture determination with microwaves operating at one single frequency is developed. It is based on the two-parameter measurement of the complex dielectric constant beirlg composed to a density-independent calibration factor A(psi) which is a function of the moisture content psi. The principle is demonstrated for practical applications of the wool-water system, and a complete error analysis is given. The results confirm the promising prospects of the method which opens up a new class of density-independent moisture meters particularly suited for on-line process control.