gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Coupling between Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and G‐Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex Assessed by Guanosine‐5′‐O‐(3‐[35S]thio)triphosphate Binding Assay (2011)

Stimulation of specific guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPγS) binding by l-glutamate was pharmacologically characterized in rat cerebral cortical membranes. Optimization of the experimental conditions with respect to the concentrations of GDP, MgCl(2) and NaCl in assay buffer prompted us to adopt the incubation of rat cerebral cortical membranes with 0.2 nM [(35)S]GTPγS at 30°C for 60 min. in the presence of 20 μM GDP, 5 mM MgCl(2) and 100 mM NaCl as a standard condition. Specific [(35)S]GTPγS binding was stimulated by l-glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner but not by ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. The stimulatory responses were also elicited by many agonists for metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor, with (-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY379268) being the most potent. l-glutamate-stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding was inhibited by several mGlu antagonists, with (2S)-2-amino-2-[(1S,2S)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3-(xanth-9-yl) propanoic acid (LY341495) being the most potent. The pharmacological properties of a series of agonists and antagonists indicated the involvement of group II mGlu receptors, especially mGlu2. Supportive of this notion was the finding that l-glutamate-stimulated specific [(35)S]GTPγS binding was augmented by 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)ethanesulphonamide hydrochloride (LY487379), a reportedly selective allosteric positive modulator for mGlu2, by means of upward and leftward shift of the concentration-response curve. In addition, LY487379 per se stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding, though, through a mechanism different from the stimulation by l-glutamate. Pre-treatment of the membranes with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) cancelled l-glutamate-stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding in a concentration- and incubation time-dependent manner. Taken altogether, l-glutamate-stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding serves as a useful functional assay for the activation of NEM-sensitive G(i/o) -mediated group II mGlu receptors in rat cerebral cortical membranes.
Mechanisms for exchange of image data to support distant medical consultation. (1993)

The VA has developed an integrated infrastructure to support the exchange of medical data, including images and text report data, between medical centers. This capability is expected to support teleconsulting and meet a variety of existing medical staffing and consultation needs. Consultation from distant locations requires at least the same complete integrated patient record available to onsite physicians. Several mechanisms are being explored to support distant medical consultation. Multimedia extensions to the VA's electronic mail system have been developed to allow images and other data objects to be included in electronic mail messages. Another approach that has been prototyped is to extend existing local imaging networks to produce more widely distributed imaging systems. These approaches will be described and discussed.
A Quantitative Comparison of Cell-Type-Specific Microarray Gene Expression Profiling Methods in the Mouse Brain (2011)

Expression profiling of restricted neural populations using microarrays can facilitate neuronal classification and provide insight into the molecular bases of cellular phenotypes. Due to the formidable heterogeneity of intermixed cell types that make up the brain, isolating cell types prior to microarray processing poses steep technical challenges that have been met in various ways. These methodological differences have the potential to distort cell-type-specific gene expression profiles insofar as they may insufficiently filter out contaminating mRNAs or induce aberrant cellular responses not normally present in vivo. Thus we have compared the repeatability, susceptibility to contamination from off-target cell-types, and evidence for stress-responsive gene expression of five different purification methods--Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM), Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP), Immunopanning (PAN), Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), and manual sorting of fluorescently labeled cells (Manual). We found that all methods obtained comparably high levels of repeatability, however, data from LCM and TRAP showed significantly higher levels of contamination than the other methods. While PAN samples showed higher activation of apoptosis-related, stress-related and immediate early genes, samples from FACS and Manual studies, which also require dissociated cells, did not. Given that TRAP targets actively translated mRNAs, whereas other methods target all transcribed mRNAs, observed differences may also reflect translational regulation.
Morphological and cytogenetic analysis of human giant oocytes and giant embryos (2002)

Giant oocytes might be a possible source of human digynic triploidy. To avoid undesired miscarriages, giant embryos originated from either two- or three-pronuclear giant zygotes should be excluded from uterine transfers.
Influence of the BRAF V600E Mutation on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2006)

BRAF V600E(+) PTC tended to have larger tumor volumes and higher expression of VEGF. The level of VEGF expression was closely correlated with tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, and stage. The relatively high levels of VEGF expression may be related to poorer clinical outcomes and recurrences in BRAF V600E(+) PTC.
First "Antisense" Drug Will Treat CMV Retinitis (1998)

A NEW CLASS of therapeutic agents known as "antisense" drugs is likely to become available to physicians within the next few months. These drugs operate at the molecular level, interrupting the process by which disease-causing proteins are produced.
Autocrine WNT signaling contributes to breast cancer cell proliferation via the canonical WNT pathway and EGFR transactivation (2007)

Our data show that interference with autocrine WNT signaling in human breast cancer reduces proliferation and survival of human breast cancer cells and rescues ER+ tumor cells from 4-HT by activation of the canonical WNT pathway and EGFR transactivation. These findings suggest that interference with WNT signaling at the ligand-receptor level in combination with other targeted therapies may improve the efficiency of breast cancer treatments.
Venlafaxine oxidationin vitrois catalysed by CYP2D6 (1996)

1. Several selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are inhibitors of the genetically polymorphic drug metabolizing enzyme, CYP2D6. We studied the interaction of venlafaxine, a new SSRI, with CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes. 2. Venlafaxine was a less potent inhibitor of this enzyme activity in vitro than other SSRIs tested. The average apparent Ki values determined using CYP2D6-dependent dextromethorphan O-demethylation were: 33, 52 and 22 microM for rac-venlafaxine, R(+)-venlafaxine and S(-)-venlafaxine, respectively, vs 0.065 to 1.8 microM for paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline. 3. Microsomes from human livers (n = 3) and from yeast transformed with an expression plasmid containing human CYP2D6 cDNA catalyzed the O-demethylation of venlafaxine, which is the major metabolic pathway in vivo. Intrinsic metabolic clearance values (Vmax/Km) indicated that S(-)-venlafaxine was cleared preferentially via this pathway. 4. In microsomes from CYP2D6-deficient livers (n = 2), Vmax/Km of O-demethylation of venlafaxine was one to two orders of magnitude lower and was similar to the rate of N-demethylation. 5. Studies with chemical probes which preferentially inhibit P450 isoforms suggested that CYP3A3/4 is involved in venlafaxine N-demethylation. 6. These in vitro findings predict phenotypic differences in the kinetics of venlafaxine in vivo, although the clinical importance of this is unclear as O-demethylvenlafaxine is pharmacologically similar to the parent drug. The findings also predict relatively limited pharmacokinetic interaction between venlafaxine and other CYP2D6 substrates.
Use of multiply deleted adenovirus vectors to probe adenovirus vector performance and toxicities. (2003)

Adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors have received considerable attention in recent years as the 'work-horse' of gene delivery, as evidenced by over 160 clinical trials utilizing this vector class. The Ad vectors utilized in these trials have been delivered into hundreds of humans via any number of intratumoral, intrabronchial, subcutaneous or intravenous routes. Most of these trials have utilized first-generation, E1-deleted [E1-] versions of these vectors. Multiple animal studies have demonstrated that [E1-]Ad vectors induce a variety of toxic responses, directed both to the Ad vector itself and the vector-transduced cells. Because of these limitations, the development of multiply attenuated (deleted) Ad vectors has been pursued by a number of research groups. These vectors retain many of the advantages of [E1-]Ad, while simultaneously improving the overall vector performance, primarily manifested as reduced sub-acute and chronic toxicities, combined with extended duration of persistence of the vectors within transduced cells. This review focuses upon the investigations that have been performed utilizing multiply deleted Ad vectors, and how these studies shed light upon the immune mechanisms directed against Ad vectors.
Multidimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection for the determination of toxic congeners in polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultidimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection for the determination of toxic congeners in polychlorinated biphenyl mixturesJan C. Duinker, Detlef E. Schulz, and Gert. PetrickCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 5, 478–482Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00156a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A cDNA construct of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) linked to the last exon of Thy-1 confers glycophospholipid anchorage on this naturally secreted protein (1992)

A naturally secreted protein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), has been transiently expressed on the surface of transfected COS cells and stably on transfected murine BW 5147 thymoma cells, by linkage of the entire coding sequence of the cDNA to the last exon of Thy-1. Thy-1 is a glycophospholipid-linked protein. In COS cells the chimaeric protein can be labelled by [3H]ethanolamine, which is a component of glycophospholipid anchors. Ltk- cells cannot anchor proteins by glycan phosphatidylinositol linkage and were found to be unable to express the engineered protein extracellularly on their plasma membranes. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment released 90% of the protein from all BW 5147 cells, but very little from the COS-1 cells. It is concluded that the last exon of Thy-1 has conferred the property of glycophospholipid anchorage on the normally secreted protein TIMP.
Extracting Phrase Patterns with Minimum Redundancy for Unsupervised Speaker Role Classification (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of learning phrase patterns for unsupervised speaker role classification. Phrase patterns are automatically extracted from large corpora, and redundant patterns are removed via a graph pruning algorithm. In experiments on English and Mandarin talk shows, the use of phrase patterns results in an increase of role classification accuracy over n-gram lexical features, and more compact phrase pattern lists are obtained due to the redundancy removal. 1
[Successful prevention of adhesions using peat and humic acids]. (1991)

In order to verify the adhesion preventing capability of peat and peat components, 180 female rats were subjected to therapeutic bathing after standardised lesions had been placed on both uterine horns and the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall. From the 3rd and 7th day after surgery, respectively, randomized groups of animals consisting of 20 animals each were bathed in tap water, pure fresh peat, peat solution after pressing, centrifugation and filtration, and a solution of humic acids extracted from peat, all at the same temperature. One week after bathing for three weeks, the rats were relaparotomized, and quality and degree of the adhesions found were documented. Significant less and minor (p less than 0.001) adhesions were found in animals bathed in humic acid solution compared to the animals which had not been bathed at all. Peat solution and fresh peat reduced the formation of adhesions significantly, too, while warm water baths did not show any antiadhesive effect. Our results suggest humic acids to be the most effective component of peat with regard to the prevention of adhesions.
Amphipathic weak acid glucocorticoid prodrugs remote‐loaded into sterically stabilized nanoliposomes evaluated in arthritic rats and in a Beagle dog: A novel approach to treating autoimmune arthritis (2007)

Amphipathic weak acid GCs remote-loaded into approximately 80-nm NSSLs overcome past limitations of liposomal GC formulations. The unique loading method, which also leads to controlled release, improves the therapeutic effect both systemically and locally. Such a development has great potential for improving GC therapy.
Work function at the tips of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2001)

The work function at the tips of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been measured by an in situ transmission electron microscopy technique. The tip work function shows no significant dependence on the diameter of the nanotubes in the range of 14–55 nm. Majority of the nanotubes have a work function of 4.6–4.8 eV at the tips, which is 0.2–0.4 eV lower than that of carbon. A small fraction of the nanotubes have a work function of ∼5.6 eV, about 0.6 eV higher than that of carbon. This discrepancy is suggested due to the metallic and semiconductive characteristics of the nanotube.
Chemical Gating with Nanostructured Responsive Polymer Brushes: Mixed Brush versus Homopolymer Brush (2007)

In this report, we describe a novel approach to create an electrochemical gating system using mixed polymer brushes grafted to an electrode surface, and we explore the switchable properties of these mixed polymer brushes. The morphological transitions in the mixed polymer brushes associated with the electrode surface result in the opening, closing, or precise tuning of their permeability for ion transport through the channels formed in the nanostructured thin film in response to an external stimulus (pH change). The gating mechanism was studied by atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, force-distance measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison to a homopolymer brush system, the mixed brush demonstrates much broader variation of ion transport through the thin film. We suggest that this approach could find important applications in electrochemical sensors and devices with tunable/switchable access to the electrode surface.
Pathophysiology and Animal Models of Cancer-Related Painful Peripheral Neuropathy (2010)

There are undoubtedly several causes of painful peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients. Some mechanisms are directly attributable to the tumor; others lie with the therapy, be it surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neuropathic pain. These include inflammation-based models, nerve trauma-induced models, and chemotherapy-induced models of neuropathic pain. My colleagues and I recently identified abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function in peripheral sensory fibers that are associated with neuropathic pain induced by common chemotherapeutic agents and that can be reversed by agents that enhance mitochondrial function. Our hope is that further identification and clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved at the periphery will help us to develop new classes of medicines and treatment options.
SB‐334867, a selective orexin‐1 receptor antagonist, enhances behavioural satiety and blocks the hyperphagic effect of orexin‐A in rats (2001)

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the novel hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin-A stimulates food intake in rats, and delays the onset of behavioural satiety (i.e. the natural transition from feeding to resting). Furthermore, preliminary findings with the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, suggest that orexin-A regulation of food intake is mediated via the orexin-1 receptor. At present, however, little is known about either the intrinsic effects of SB-334867 on the normal structure of feeding behaviour, or its effects upon orexin-A-induced behavioural change. In the present study, we have employed a continuous monitoring technique to characterize the effects of SB-334867 (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) on the microstructure of rat behaviour during a 1-h test with palatable wet mash. Administered alone, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, but not lower doses) significantly reduced food intake and most active behaviours (eating, grooming, sniffing, locomotion and rearing), while increasing resting. Although suggestive of a behaviourally nonselective (i.e. sedative) action, the structure of feeding behaviour was well-preserved at this dose level, with the reduction in behavioural output clearly attributable to an earlier onset of behavioural satiety. As previously reported, orexin-A (10 microg per rat i.c.v.) stimulated food intake, increased grooming and delayed the onset of behavioural satiety. Pretreatment with SB-334867 dose-dependently blocked these effects of orexin-A, with significant antagonism evident at dose levels (3-10 mg/kg) below those required to produce intrinsic behavioural effects under present test conditions. Together, these findings strongly support the view that orexin-A is involved in the regulation of feeding patterns and that this influence is mediated through the orexin-1 receptor.
Study of Calcium-Based Sorbents for High-Temperature H2S Removal. 2. Kinetics of H2S Sorption by Calcined Limestone (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of Calcium-Based Sorbents for High-Temperature H2S Removal. 2. Kinetics of H2S Sorption by Calcined LimestoneLaurent A. Fenouil and Scott LynnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 7, 2334–2342Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00046a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00046a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for Oxygen Binding at the Active Site of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase (2012)

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is an integral membrane metalloenzyme that converts methane to methanol in methanotrophic bacteria. The enzyme consists of three subunits, pmoB, pmoA, and pmoC, organized in an α(3)β(3)γ(3) trimer. Studies of intact pMMO and a recombinant soluble fragment of the pmoB subunit (denoted as spmoB) indicate that the active site is located within the soluble region of pmoB at the site of a crystallographically modeled dicopper center. In this work, we have investigated the reactivity of pMMO and spmoB with oxidants. Upon reduction and treatment of spmoB with O(2) or H(2)O(2) or pMMO with H(2)O(2), an absorbance feature at 345 nm is generated. The energy and intensity of this band are similar to those of the μ-η(2):η(2)-peroxo-Cu(II)(2) species formed in several dicopper enzymes and model compounds. The feature is not observed in inactive spmoB variants in which the dicopper center is disrupted, consistent with O(2) binding to the proposed active site. Reaction of the 345 nm species with CH(4) results in the disappearance of the spectroscopic feature, suggesting that this O(2) intermediate is mechanistically relevant. Taken together, these observations provide strong new support for the identity and location of the pMMO active site.
2.5 λ microcavity InGaN light-emitting diodes fabricated by a selective dry-etch thinning process (2007)

The authors report on InGaN microcavity light-emitting diodes with an effective thickness of ∼450nm at the emission wavelength of ∼415nm. The starting material for the flip-chip laser lift-off device is a structure with an active region embedding six InGaN∕GaN quantum wells, ∼60-nm-thick AlGaN, and a GaN template grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate. High-precision control of the final microcavity thickness was facilitated by SF6-based selective inductively coupled plasma etching on the flipped material with an etch rate of ⩾5:1 for GaN:AlxGa1−xN, where x⩾0.15. Pronounced microcavity effects were observed by angular measurements, in agreement with the theoretical cavity-mode dispersion characteristics.
Low crosstalk devices for wavelength-routed networks (1995)

Over the last year, homodyne beat noise and bandwidth narrowing due to filter concatenation have been identified as major problems for large wavelength-routed networks. These problems will become more acute and will interact at the design stage, as wavelength channel spacings are decreased and as the channel bit rate is increased, leading to the requirement for devices with high fractional bandwidth per channel and with very low (<-50 dB) crosstalk. We explore the fundamental limits to crosstalk in optical routing components, and propose new design concepts for wavelength demultiplexers/multiplexers and space switches that have the potential to meet these strict performance requirements. (10 pages)