gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association of serum matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor levels with scleroderma disease severity. (2003)

We confirm previous observations that MMPs and TIMPs may play an important role in various rheumatic diseases. Whereas serum increase of MMP-3 correlated with RA severity, SSc severity was more characterized by the increase of both MMP-1 and TIMP-1. This suggests that the MMPs and TIMPs involved in SSc are different than those playing a role in RA, which may indicate that in SSc they are produced in different locations than in RA.
Anticoagulant Activity of Synthetic Hirudin Peptides (1989)

Synthetic peptides based on the COOH-terminal 21 residues of hirudin were prepared in order to 1) evaluate the role of this segment in hirudin action toward thrombin, 2) define the shortest peptide derivative with anticoagulant activity, and 3) investigate the role of tyrosine sulfation in the peptides' inhibitory activities. A hirudin derivative of 20 amino acids, Hir45-64 (derived from residues 45-64 of the hirudin polypeptide), was found to effect a dose-dependent increase in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of normal human plasma but to have no measurable inhibitory activity toward thrombin cleavage of a tripeptidyl p-nitroanilide substrate. Anticoagulant activity in hirudin derivatives was comparable in peptides of 20, 16, and 12 residues truncated from the NH2 terminus. Additional truncated peptides prepared by synthesis and carboxypeptidase treatment reveal that the minimal sequence of a hirudin peptide fragment with maximal anticoagulant activity is contained within the sequence: NH2-Asn-Gly-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu-COOH. The 12-residue derivative thus identified was reacted with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of sulfuric acid to yield a Tyr-sulfated peptide, S-Hir53-64. By comparison to unsulfated peptide, S-Hir53-64 was found to contain a specific inhibitory activity enhanced by one order of magnitude toward increase in APTT and to effect a dose-dependent increase in thrombin time of normal human plasma to yield a 4-fold increase in thrombin time with 2.5 micrograms/ml peptide using 0.8 units/ml alpha-thrombin. Comparison of S-Hir53-64 to hirudin in thrombin time and APTT assays reveals a 50-fold difference in molar specific activities toward inhibition of thrombin. Comparison of antithrombin activities of S-Hir53-64 using a variety of animal thrombins demonstrates greatest inhibitory activity toward murine, rat, and human enzymes and a 10-fold reduced activity toward bovine thrombin.
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling (2007)

Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), also known as Transparent LAN
Service and Virtual Private Switched Network service, is a useful
Service Provider offering. The service offers a Layer 2 Virtual
Private Network (VPN); however, in the case of VPLS, the customers in
the VPN are connected by a multipoint Ethernet LAN, in contrast to the
usual Layer 2 VPNs, which are point-to-point in nature. This document
describes the functions required to offer VPLS, a mechanism for
signaling a VPLS, and rules for forwarding VPLS frames across a packet
switched network. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Non-periodic boundary conditions for molecular simulations of condensed matter (2006)

A formally exact effective boundary potential is defined that can be combined with hard-wall boundary conditions to allow computer simulations to be performed that mimic an infinite system. The effective potential accounts for the interactions that would be present across the boundary if the system were truly infinite. The exact many-body potential is approximated by one- and two-body potentials. The algorithm is implemented and tested for a Lennard–Jones fluid. The advantages of the present formulation over the widely used periodic boundary conditions are discussed.
Ice Nucleation Induced by Pseudomonas syringae (1974)

Broth cultures of suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from decaying alder leaves (Alnus tenuifolia) were found to freeze at very warm (-1.8 to -3.8 C) temperatures. The initiation of freezing appears associated with the intact cell and not with extracellular material. Chemical treatments and physical destruction of the cell destroy activity. Bacteria must be in concentrations of approximately 10(6)/ml before freezing at warm temperatures occurs.
Multivariate analyses of visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) absorbance spectra reveal underlying spectral differences among dried, ground conifer needle samples from different growth environments (2003)

• Absorbance of visible and near infrared (400–2500 nm) radiation by plant material is determined primarily by biochemical and structural components. We used three multivariate techniques to explore the spectral differences among dried, ground foliage samples of two conifer species from different montane growth environments (three elevations and two crown positions on three different mountains). • Principal components analysis indicated underlying spectral patterns strongly related to species and crown position, and the derived components were correlated with the chemical composition of the samples. Discriminant analysis showed that it was possible to perfectly separate samples by species, but much more difficult to discriminate among different elevations, using just the spectral information. Samples from low and high elevation were well-separated, but mid elevation samples were frequently misclassified. • Partial least squares regression produced results that were superior to those of discriminant analysis, in that all groups were better separated and there was less within-group variability. • These approaches do not directly reveal the biochemical basis of the spectral differences. However, such methods provide a solid foundation for hypothesizing the overall degree of biochemical similarity among diverse samples. Thus, samples from different growth elevations appeared to be biochemically more similar than samples from different species or crown positions. Other potential applications are discussed.
Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Longevity of Phalaeopsis Florets (1993)

The packaging of flowering Phalaenopsis sp. orchids in sealed plastic film offers potential advantages of extending shelflife and maintaining quality by slowing respiration and protection from the hazards of retail distribution. Following treatments, 2-year-old plants, each with three to nine open florets, were stored at 21 to 27C for 76 days under natural light and natural daylengths. Plants were sealed individually in bags of air, or in bags of initially 15% O 2 , 23% CO 2 , balance N,, or 20% O 2 and 30% CO 2 . Control plants were left in open air and were watered twice weekly; plants in sealed bags were not watered. Gas concentrations in the sealed bags were monitored twice weekly. The various atmospheres had no effect on floret life. Two distinct patterns of O 2 and CO 2 variation with time were observed, but inflorescence half-life values were not related to these patterns. Florets on plants in bags had a greater incidence of discoloration.
Chemical Diversity in the Sialic Acids and Related α-Keto Acids:  An Evolutionary Perspective (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Diversity in the Sialic Acids and Related α-Keto Acids: An Evolutionary PerspectiveTakashi Angata and Ajit VarkiView Author Information Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 2, 439–470Publication Date (Web):January 4, 2002Publication History Received19 July 2001Published online4 January 2002Published inissue 1 February 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr000407mCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6815Altmetric-Citations970LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (340 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bacteria,Carbohydrates,Genetics,Genomics,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Investigation of cross-coupling in 1-3 piezocomposite arrays (2001)

Plate waves inside the piezoelectric layer are much involved in the elements cross-coupling in transducer arrays for medical imaging. In this work, such waves are analyzed in 1-3 piezocomposite materials on the basis of conventional guided modes formalism in which the piezocomposite is considered as a homogeneous medium. Cross-coupling measurements have been made on two different transducer arrays using network analyzer and a laser interferometric probe. It is shown how the analysis in terms of symmetrical Lamb waves gives an interesting qualitative interpretation, explaining most of the cross-coupling amplitude variations with frequency. Results show that the 0th and 3rd symmetrical Lamb waves are mainly involved in coupling inside composite plates. The S0 mode is responsible for the inter-element coupling, whereas the S3 mode widens the effective width of the excited element.
The designed angiostatic peptide anginex synergistically improves chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis therapy with angiostatin. (2003)

Recently, we demonstrated that the designed peptide anginex displays potent antiangiogenic activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate anginex treatment as a single-agent therapy and to test its ability to improve conventional chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis therapy. In a human ovarian carcinoma mouse model, anginex inhibited tumor growth by 70%. When anginex was combined with a suboptimal dose of carboplatin, tumors regressed to an impalpable state. Anginex plus angiostatin worked synergistically to inhibit tumor growth. Assessment of microvessel density suggested that the antitumor activity of anginex is mediated by angiogenesis inhibition. In any of the experiments, no sign of anginex-induced toxicity was observed.
Membrane fusion proteins of enveloped animal viruses (1983)

In a living cell membrane-bound compartments are continuously either separated or united through fusion reactions, and literally thousands of such reactions take place every minute. The formation of membrane vesicles from pre-existing membranes, and their fusion with specific acceptor membranes, constitute a prerequisite for the transport of most impermeant molecules and macromolecules into the cell by endocytosis, out of the cell by exocytosis, and between the cellular organelles (Palade, 1975; Silverstein, 1978; Evered &amp; Collins, 1982). Less frequent, but equally crucial, are fusion events in fertilization, cell division, polykaryon formation, enucleation, etc. (for reviews see Poste &amp; Nicholson, 1978). Although a great deal is known about the properties and consequences of individual forms of membrane fusion in cellular systems, and about fusion in artificial lipid membranes, the molecular basis for the reactions remain largely unclear.
Differences in Immune Responses Induced by Oral and Rectal Immunizations withSalmonella typhiTy21a: Evidence for Compartmentalization within the Common Mucosal Immune System in Humans (1998)

Based on the concept of the common mucosal immune system, immunization at various inductive sites can induce an immune response at other, remote mucosal surfaces. The immune responses elicited through rectal and oral routes of antigen delivery were compared with respect to (i) measurement of antibody responses in serum and various external secretions of the vaccinees and (ii) characterization of the nature and homing potentials of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Specific ASC appeared in the circulation in 4 of 5 volunteers after oral and 9 of 11 volunteers after rectal immunization with Salmonella typhi Ty21a. The kinetics, magnitude, and immunoglobulin isotype distribution of the ASC responses were similar in the two groups. In both groups, almost all ASC (99 or 95% after oral or rectal immunization, respectively) expressed alpha4 beta7, the gut homing receptor (HR), whereas L-selectin, the peripheral lymph node HR, was expressed only on 22 or 38% of ASC, respectively. Oral immunization elicited a more pronounced immune response in saliva and vaginal secretion, while rectal immunization was more potent in inducing a response in nasal secretion, rectum, and tears. No major differences were found in the abilities of the two immunization routes to induce a response in serum or intestinal secretion. Thus, the rectal antigen delivery should be considered as an alternative to the oral immunization route. The different immune response profiles found in various secretions after oral versus rectal antigen administration provide evidence for a compartmentalization within the common mucosal immune system in humans.
The Antitumor Activity of IMGN529, a CD37-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Is Potentiated by Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Models (2017)

Naratuximab emtansine (IMGN529) is an investigational antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a CD37-targeting antibody conjugated to the maytansine-derived microtuble disruptor, DM1. IMGN529 has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, DLBCL is often treated with combination therapies to maximize clinical outcomes; therefore, we investigated the potential of combining IMGN529 with both standard-of-care and emerging therapies against multiple oncology-relevant targets and pathways. The strongest enhancement in potency was seen with anti-CD20 antibodies, including rituximab. The combination of IMGN529 and rituximab was more potent than either agent alone, and this combinatorial benefit was associated with increased apoptotic induction and cell death. Additional studies revealed that rituximab treatment increased the internalization and degradation of the CD37-targeting antibody moiety of IMGN529. The combination of IMGN529 and rituximab was highly efficacious in multiple xenograft models, with superior antitumor efficacy seen compared to either agent alone or treatment with R-CHOP therapy. These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby the potency of IMGN529 can be enhanced by CD20 binding, which results in the increased internalization and degradation of IMGN529 leading to the generation of greater amounts of cytotoxic catabolite. Overall, these data provide a biological rationale for the enhanced activity of IMGN529 in combination with rituximab and support the ongoing clinical evaluation of IMGN529 in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed and/or refractory DLBCL.
Minimum inductance coils (1988)

A new target field method for designing coils to produce any desired field configuration is presented. This method has the advantage of giving coils of the minimum inductance consistent with the field specification, thus enabling the most rapid switching possible of gradient or main fields.
The New Tetrafunctional π Acceptor Ligand 3,6-Bis(2′-pyrimidyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bmtz): Diruthenium Complexes of bmtz and of its 1,4-Dihydro Form (1995)

Synthesis, physical properties and the coordination with two [Ru(bpy) 2 ] 2+ complex fragments are described for 3,6-bis(2′-pyrimidyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bmtz), the first compact ligand which offers four equivalent α-diimine chelate sites. Spectroelectrochemistry of intensely blue {(μ-bmtz)[Ru(bpy) 2 ] 2 } n+ , n = 4, reveals a very facile reduction (n = 3) at -0.40 V vs. FeCp 2 +/o and a metal oxidation (n = 5) at + 1.18 V to a diruthenium(II/III) mixed-valent form which exhibits an intervalence transfer absorption at 1490 nm. The corresponding complex {(μ-H 2 bmtz)[Ru(bpy) 2 ] 2 } 4+ with the 1,4-dihydro form H 2 bmtz of the tetrafunctional ligand is oxidized in two steps at 0.58 and 1.07 V vs. FeCp 2 +/o .
Measuring ISP Topologies With Rocketfuel (2004)

To date, realistic ISP topologies have not been accessible to the research community, leaving work that depends on topology on an uncertain footing. In this paper, we present new Internet mapping techniques that have enabled us to measure router-level ISP topologies. Our techniques reduce the number of required traces compared to a brute-force, all-to-all approach by three orders of magnitude without a significant loss in accuracy. They include the use of BGP routing tables to focus the measurements, the elimination of redundant measurements by exploiting properties of IP routing, better alias resolution, and the use of DNS to divide each map into POPs and backbone. We collect maps from ten diverse ISPs using our techniques, and find that our maps are substantially more complete than those of earlier Internet mapping efforts. We also report on properties of these maps, including the size of POPs, distribution of router outdegree, and the interdomain peering structure. As part of this work, we release our maps to the community.
Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Activation of Silyl Enol Ethers as an Equivalent of an Asymmetric Michael Reaction (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric C−H Activation of Silyl Enol Ethers as an Equivalent of an Asymmetric Michael ReactionHuw M. L. Davies and Pingda RenView Author Information Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14260-3000 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9, 2070–2071Publication Date (Web):February 10, 2001Publication History Received2 October 2000Published online10 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0035607https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0035607rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2704Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Cyclopropanation,Ethers,Molecular structure,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
A targeted DNA vaccine encoding Fas ligand defines its dual role in the regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2000)

This study used naked DNA vaccination to induce breakdown of tolerance to self and thus elicit immunological memory to native, membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL). Upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), this memory was turned on to provide protective immunity. FasL-specific autoantibodies isolated from protected animals differentially downregulated the in vitro production of TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, by cultured T cells. These autoantibodies were highly protective when they were administered to rats at the onset of EAE. In contrast, administration of these FasL-specific Ab's to EAE rats after the peak of the acute phase of disease prevented spontaneous recovery from disease. This extended illness is partially explained by inhibition of mononuclear cell apoptosis at the target organ, which resulted in increased accumulation of T cells and macrophages at the site of inflammation. Hence, FasL exerts two distinct, stage-specific regulatory functions in the control of this T-cell mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.
Molecular organization of the cell wall ofCandida albicans (2001)

We have recently presented a molecular model of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we discuss the evidence that a similar model is also valid for Candida albicans. We further discuss how cell-wall proteins are linked to the skeletal layer of the wall, and their potential functions. We emphasize that the composition and structure of the cell wall depends on growth conditions. Finally, cell-wall damage seems to activate a salvage mechanism resulting in restructuring of the cell wall.
Refolding of the mixed disulfide of bovine trypsinogen and glutathione. (1979)

The mixed disulfide of bovine trypsinogen and glutathione refolded with high yields at protein concentrations of 20 microgram/ml or less, at 4-25 degrees C, pH 8.0 to 8.7, in the presence of 3 to 6 mM cysteine under anaerobic conditions. The regenerated protein behaved as native trypsinogen as judged by gel exclusion chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and activation with bovine enterokinase or trypsin. However, refolded samples that were quenched with iodoacetate and analyzed by disc gel electrophoresis formed two components corresponding to trypsinogen and S-(carboxymethylcysteine)2-(179-203)-trypsinogen. The use of cysteine as a disulfide interchange catalyst caused reduction of the 179 to 203 disulfide bond, and quenching of the refolding mixture with iodoacetate produced the carboxymethylated derivative. The overall yield of the regenerated product was 70% and the half-time at 4 degrees C was 55 min.
Delayed gastric emptying in the obese: an assessment using the non‐invasive 13 C‐octanoic acid breath test (2004)

The present study demonstrated a prolonged lag phase and delayed gastric emptying in obese women when compared to lean women. This delay may be as a consequence of high-fat diets, a sedentary lifestyle and increased gastric distension associated with obesity, or a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of obesity resulting from the inactivation of gastrointestinal satiety signals and in an increase in food intake.
Estimating motion in image sequences (1999)

We have reviewed the estimation of 2D motion from time-varying images, paying particular attention to the underlying models, estimation criteria, and optimization strategies. Several parametric and nonparametric models for the representation of motion vector fields and motion trajectory fields have been discussed. For a given region of support, these models determine the dimensionality of the estimation problem as well as the amount of data that has to be interpreted or transmitted thereafter. Also, the interdependence of motion and image data has been addressed. We have shown that even ideal constraints may not provide a well-defined estimation criterion. Therefore, the data term of an estimation criterion is usually supplemented with a smoothness term that can be expressed explicitly or implicitly via a constraining motion model. We have paid particular attention to the statistical criteria based on Markov random fields. Because the optimization of an estimation criterion typically involves a large number of unknowns, we have presented several fast search strategies.