gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino Analogs of Firefly Luciferin and Biological Activity Thereof1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Analogs of Firefly Luciferin and Biological Activity Thereof1Emil H. White, Helmut Wörther, Howard H. Seliger, and William D. McElroyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 9, 2015–2019Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00961a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00961a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1734Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terminology and identity of infraspecific forms of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glyecines (1970)

AC during epilepsy surgery for FCD in eloquent areas may change the preoperative plan. The good rate of postoperative seizure control and the absence of permanent postoperative neurologic deficit in our series is the main proof that AC is a useful tool in patients with FCD involving the eloquent cortex.
Syndecan-2 Mediates Adhesion and Proliferation of Colon Carcinoma Cells (2002)

Syndecan-2 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan whose function at the cell surface is unclear. In this study, we examined the function of syndecan-2 in colon cancer cell lines. In several colon cancer cell lines, syndecan-2 was highly expressed compared with normal cell lines. In contrast, syndecan-1 and -4 were decreased. Cell biological studies using the extracellular domain of recombinant syndecan-2 (2E) or spreading assay with syndecan-2 antibody-coated plates showed that syndecan-2 mediated adhesion and cytoskeletal organization of colon cancer cells. This interaction was critical for the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells. Blocking with 2E or antisense syndecan-2 cDNA induced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest with concomitantly increased expression of p21, p27, and p53. Furthermore, blocking of syndecan-2 through antisense syndecan-2 cDNA significantly reduced tumorigenic activity in colon carcinoma cells. Therefore, increased syndecan-2 expression appears to be a critical for colon carcinoma cell behavior, and syndecan-2 regulates tumorigenic activity through regulation of adhesion and proliferation in colon carcinoma cells.
Optical molecular imaging of lysyl oxidase activity – detection of active fibrogenesis in human lung tissue (2015)

Aberrant fibrogenesis is a feature of many diseases in multiple organ systems. The lysyl oxidase family of enzymes are central to tissue homeostasis and elevated lysyl oxidase activity is implicated in fibroproliferation as well as in cancer stroma. We have synthesised a novel fluorogenic reporter for monitoring lysyl oxidase activity that generates a 3-5 fold increase in fluorescence following probe activation in ventilating fibrotic <i>ex vivo</i> asinine lung and <i>ex vivo</i> human lung tissue. The probe termed "oLOX" can provide real-time measurement of lysyl oxidase activity in a number of biological settings and is tractable from an <i>in vitro</i> setting to man.
CamOdoCal: Automatic intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of a rig with multiple generic cameras and odometry (2013)

Multiple cameras are increasingly prevalent on robotic and human-driven vehicles. These cameras come in a variety of wide-angle, fish-eye, and catadioptric models. Furthermore, wheel odometry is generally available on the vehicles on which the cameras are mounted. For robustness, vision applications tend to use wheel odometry as a strong prior for camera pose estimation, and in these cases, an accurate extrinsic calibration is required in addition to an accurate intrinsic calibration. To date, there is no known work on automatic intrinsic calibration of generic cameras, and more importantly, automatic extrinsic calibration of a rig with multiple generic cameras and odometry. We propose an easy-to-use automated pipeline that handles both intrinsic and extrinsic calibration; we do not assume that there are overlapping fields of view. At the begining, we run an intrinsic calibration for each generic camera. The intrinsic calibration is automatic and requires a chessboard. Subsequently, we run an extrinsic calibration which finds all camera-odometry transforms. The extrinsic calibration is unsupervised, uses natural features, and only requires the vehicle to be driven around for a short time. The intrinsic parameters are optimized in a final bundle adjustment step in the extrinsic calibration. In addition, the pipeline produces a globally-consistent sparse map of landmarks which can be used for visual localization. The pipeline is publicly available as a standalone C++ package.
Reduced Spinophilin But Not Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 Expression in the Hippocampal Formation in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders: Molecular Evidence for a Pathology of Dendritic Spines (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Aberrant synaptic connectivity may underlie the involvement of the hippocampus in schizophrenia. There is reasonable neuropathological evidence for a presynaptic pathology but few studies of the postsynaptic component. This study tested the hypothesis that hippocampal dendritic pathology is also present in schizophrenia. METHOD: Using in situ hybridization in sections of hippocampal formation from 10 patients with schizophrenia, 10 patients with mood disorders (three with bipolar disorder and seven with major depression), and 10 healthy comparison subjects, the authors examined the expression of two important dendritic genes: spinophilin, which serves as a marker of dendritic spines, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), an overall dendritic marker. RESULTS: The patients with schizophrenia had lower levels of spinophilin mRNA in CA4 (hilus), CA3, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex than did the normal comparison subjects. The mood disorder group showed similar differences from the comparison group. MAP2 and cyclophilin mRNA did not differ between the groups in any subfield. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased spinophilin but unchanged MAP2 expression provides molecular evidence for a hippocampal dendritic pathology in schizophrenia that preferentially affects the spines. As spines are the target of most glutamatergic synapses, the data extend the evidence that excitatory synapses are particularly affected. Similar dendritic spine pathology may also occur in mood disorders.
TrustVisor: Efficient TCB Reduction and Attestation (2010)

An important security challenge is to protect the execution of security-sensitive code on legacy systems from malware that may infect the OS, applications, or system devices. Prior work experienced a tradeoff between the level of security achieved and efficiency. In this work, we leverage the features of modern processors from AMD and Intel to overcome the tradeoff to simultaneously achieve a high level of security and high performance. We present TrustVisor, a special-purpose hypervisor that provides code integrity as well as data integrity and secrecy for selected portions of an application. TrustVisor achieves a high level of security, first because it can protect sensitive code at a very fine granularity, and second because it has a very small code base (only around 6K lines of code) that makes verification feasible. TrustVisor can also attest the existence of isolated execution to an external entity. We have implemented TrustVisor to protect security-sensitive code blocks while imposing less than 7% overhead on the legacy OS and its applications in the common case.
The application-based clustering concept and requirements for intervehicle networks (2005)

A new network clustering concept for foresighted driving applications is introduced, taking into account the specific requirements for highly dynamic intervehicle networks. Considering the initially low system penetration in the market, the concept includes the so-called message relay boxes without backbone network connection for temporary roadside storage of messages. The article differentiates between moving and quasi-stationary applications and explains how clusters tied to specific geographic locations leads to even more complicated mechanisms for topology management in clustered ad hoc networks. A proposed message handling algorithm for cluster establishment shows the complexity needed to guarantee overall data consistency and network reliability as required for safety-relevant cooperative systems.
Exogenous Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Enhances Hippocampal Remyelination (2012)

New CNS neurons and glia are generated throughout adulthood from endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells. These progenitors can respond to injury, but their ability to proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and survive is usually insufficient to replace lost cells and restore normal function. Potentiating the progenitor response with exogenous factors is an attractive strategy for the treatment of nervous system injuries and neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders. Previously, we reported that delivery of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to the CNS stimulates the self-renewal of neural stem cells and the proliferation of parenchymal glial progenitors. Here we identify these parenchymal glia as oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) and show that LIF delivery stimulates their proliferation through the activation of gp130 receptor signaling within these cells. Importantly, this effect of LIF on OPC proliferation can be harnessed to enhance the generation of OLs that express myelin proteins and reform nodes of Ranvier in the context of chronic demyelination in the adult mouse hippocampus. Our findings, considered together with the known beneficial effects of LIF on OL and neuron survival, suggest that LIF has both reparative and protective activities that make it a promising potential therapy for CNS demyelinating disorders and injuries.
Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate, a carcinogenesis inhibitor, on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and nitrosamine metabolism in rats (1992)

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis, possibly due to its ability to block the activation or to enhance the detoxification of chemical carcinogens. The present study was conducted to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved by characterizing the effects of PEITC on phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. A single dose of PEITC to F344 rats (1 mmol/kg) decreased the liver N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAd) activity (mainly due to P450 2E1) by 80% at 2 h and the activity of NDMAd remained decreased by 40% at 48 h after treatment. The liver pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity and P450 2B1 protein level were elevated 10- and 7-fold at 24 h after treatment respectively. The liver microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) (mainly due to P450 1A) and erythromycin N-demethylase (mainly due to P450 3A) activities were decreased at 2-12 h after treatment and recovered afterwards. The lung microsomal PROD and EROD activities were not significantly affected; whereas, the nasal microsomal PROD and EROD activities were decreased by 40-50%. After a treatment with PEITC, the rates of oxidative metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were decreased in liver microsomes by 40-60% at 2 h and recovered gradually; the rates in lung microsomes were markedly decreased by 60-70% at 2 h and remained at the decreased level at 24 h; and the rates in nasal mucosa microsomes were decreased gradually with the lowest activities observed at 18 h (50%) followed by a gradual recovery. Furthermore, the treatment with PEITC resulted in a maximal 5-fold increase of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and 1.5-fold increase of glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver, but the activities of these two enzymes were not significantly affected in the lung and nasal mucosa. The sulfotransferase activity in the liver was decreased by 32-48% at 24-48 h after treatment; the nasal activity was increased by 1.8- to 2.5-fold, but the lung activity was not significantly changed. The hepatic UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity was slightly decreased at 2 h but slightly increased at 48 h after treatment, but no changes were observed for the lung and nasal activities. The study demonstrates that PEITC selectively affects xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung and nasal mucosa and it is especially effective in inhibiting the P450-dependent oxidation of NNK in the lung and of NDMA in the liver.
Application of low frequency mechanical resonators to liquid property measurements (2002)

Application of low-frequency mechanical resonators to liquid characterization is described. It is found that in a liquid environment the impedance of a low-frequency resonator changes according to theory developed for thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators regardless of different oscillation modes. The use of low-frequency resonators produces much higher sensitivity to liquid mechanical and electrical properties than known techniques. Viscosity density product, dielectric constant and conductivity are simultaneously measured for small liquid samples by exposing the tuning fork piezoelectric quartz resonator to the liquid sample and processing the frequency dependence of the resonator impedance. Tuning fork resonators give a possibility to use much lower oscillation frequency than usual (TSM) resonators, which makes them applicable to mechanical properties measurement of high molecular weight polymer solutions. The low cost of tuning fork resonators and simple low-frequency readout electronics give the possibility to build large arrays of sensors for parallel high throughput screening.
p150,95, the third member of the Mac-1, LFA-1 human leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein family. (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for p150,95, a third member of the Mac-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) leukocyte adhesion protein family, have been identified and used to study the biochemistry and cellular expression of p150,95. p150,95 is a noncovalently associated heterodimer containing alpha X and beta subunits of Mr = 150,000 and 95,000 respectively. Findings suggest that the p150,95 alpha X beta complex shares a common beta subunit with the alpha L beta LFA-1 and alpha M beta Mac-1 complexes. Co-precipitation experiments demonstrated identity between the p150,95 molecule precipitated by anti-beta MAb and by p150,95-specific MAb. Patients with a previously demonstrated genetic deficiency in Mac-1 and LFA-1 fail to express p150,95. Deficiency of the Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 alpha beta complexes on the surface of patient cells appears due to a defect in the common beta subunit. The lack of cross-reaction of p150,95-specific MAb with LFA-1 and Mac-1, which appear to utilize identical beta subunits, suggests that the determinant is specified by the alpha X rather than the beta subunit of p150,95. The data suggest that alpha X is yet a third member of a family of alpha subunit proteins that associate with a common beta subunit, are differentially regulated in leukocyte differentiation, and function in adhesion reactions. p150,95 is normally expressed on blood monocytes and granulocytes. Chemoattractants such as f-Met-Leu-Phe stimulate a rapid, fivefold increase in surface expression that is not dependent on protein synthesis and appears to reflect mobilization of an intracellular latent pool. The intimate relation between the lack of chemoattractant-stimulated upregulation of p150,95 and Mac-1 by patient granulocytes and their failure to upregulate adhesiveness to these same stimuli in vitro, or to diapedese and migrate into inflammatory sites in vivo, is discussed.
[Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of P450 cDNA in Artemisia annua]. (2007)

The comparable analysis of the P450 with CYP71AV1 revealed that the two proteins probably performed the same function because of the similar character.
A method to attach lectins to the surface of spermine alginate microcapsules based on the avidin biotin interaction (1996)

To serve as model cell or tissue specific drug delivery systems spermine alginate capsules were surface modified by attachment of proteins with carbohydrate specific binding properties, i.e. lectins. In the first of a two step process avidin was covalently bound to the capsule surfaces using a hydroxy-succinimide catalysed carbodiimide reagent. Surface bound avidin was quantitated by lysing the capsules in hypertonic phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and measuring the change in absorbance at 500 nm in the interaction with 2-(4'hydroxyazobenzene) benzoic acid. A time course study of the avidin-binding reaction showed avidin surface concentrations averaged 5.4 nM/cm2 after 16h. In the second step avidin-coated capsules were incubated in aqueous solutions of biotinylated-lectin derivatives. To quantitate lectin uptake, avidin-coated capsules were lysed in PBS and titrated to the turbidance endpoint with ten different biotinylated lectins. Lectin surface concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 6.8 nm/cm2, well below the theoretical limit of 4 biotinylated ligands per molecule of avidin. Individual lectins bound to capsular surfaces retained their respective ligand specific binding properties as demonstrated by measurement of the selective saturable uptake of radiolabeled ligands when incubated with variously lectin coated capsules. The presence of porcine gastric mucin in concentrations up to 4% w/v did not inhibit binding of 14C-labelled mannose or galactose by concanavalin A-coated capsules.
Multi-use unidirectional proxy re-signatures (2008)

In 1998, Blaze, Bleumer, and Strauss suggested a cryptographic primitive termed proxy re-signature in which a proxy transforms a signature computed under Alice's secret key into one from Bob on the same message. The proxy is only semi-trusted in that it cannot learn any signing key or sign arbitrary messages on behalf of Alice or Bob. At CCS 2005, Ateniese and Hohenberger revisited this primitive by providing appropriate security definitions and efficient constructions in the random oracle model. Nonetheless, they left open the problem of constructing a multi-use unidirectional scheme where the proxy is only able to translate in one direction and signatures can be re-translated several times. This paper provides the first steps towards efficiently solving this problem, suggested for the first time 10 years ago, and presents the first multi-hop unidirectional proxy re-signature schemes. Although our proposals feature a linear signature size in the number of translations, they are the first multi-use realizations of the primitive that satisfy the requirements of the Ateniese-Hohenberger security model. The first scheme is secure in the random oracle model. Using the same underlying idea, it readily extends into a secure construction in the standard model (i.e. the security proof of which avoids resorting to the random oracle idealization). Both schemes are computationally efficient but require newly defined Diffie-Hellman-like assumptions in bilinear groups.
Host factors that promote transpososome disassembly and the PriA‐PriC pathway for restart primosome assembly (2005)

Initiation of bacteriophage Mu DNA replication by transposition requires the disassembly of the transpososome that catalyses strand exchange and the assembly of a replisome promoted by PriA, PriB, PriC and DnaT proteins, which function in the host to restart stalled replication forks. Once the molecular chaperone ClpX weakens the very tight binding of the transpososome to the Mu ends, host disassembly factors (MRFalpha-DF) promote the dissociation of the transpososome from the DNA template and the assembly of a new nucleoprotein complex. Prereplisome factors (MRFalpha-PR) further alter the complex, allowing PriA binding and loading of major replicative helicase DnaB onto the template promoted by the restart proteins. MRFalpha-PR is essential for DnaB loading by restart proteins even on the deproteinized Mu fork whereas MRFalpha-DF is not required on the deproteinized template. When the transition from transpososome to replisome was reconstituted using MRFalpha-DF and MRFalpha-PR, initiation of Mu DNA replication was strictly dependent upon added PriC and PriA helicase. In contrast, initiation on the deproteinized template was predominantly dependent upon PriB and did not require PriA's helicase activity. The results indicate that transition mechanisms beginning with the transpososome disassembly can determine the pathway of replisome assembly by restart proteins.
Intrahepatic Genetic Inoculation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Confers Cross-Protective Immunity (2001)

Naturally occurring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has long been thought to induce a weak immunity which is insufficient to protect an individual from subsequent infections and has cast doubt on the ability to develop effective vaccines. A series of intrahepatic genetic inoculations (IHGI) with type 1a HCV RNA were performed in a chimpanzee to determine whether a form of genetic immunization might stimulate protective immunity. We demonstrate that the chimpanzee not only developed protective immunity to the homologous type 1a RNA after rechallenge by IHGI but was also protected from chronic HCV infection after sequential rechallenge with 100 50% chimpanzee infectious doses of a heterologous type 1a (H77) and 1b (HC-J4) whole-virus inoculum. These results offer encouragement to pursue the development of HCV vaccines.
The Optical Behavior of the Ground for Short Radio Waves (1933)

The rôle of the ground in radio transmission is first considered generally. In short-wave propagation taking place via the Kennelly-Heaviside layer only the ground in the vicinity of the antennas is involved, and its effect may be included in antenna directivity. The utility of so ascribing the ground effect exclusively to the terminals of a radio circuit rests on the applicability of simple wave reflection theory in which the distance between the terminals does not appear. For this purpose reflection equations, similar to Fresnel's equations for a nonconducting dielectric, are employed with a complex index of refraction. The paper describes experiments undertaken to determine the limits of applicability of these optical reflection equations and discusses the results. Particular emphasis is placed on the identification of direct and reflected waves. The existence of a surface wave, foreign to simple reflection theory, is recognized with vertical antennas, when the incident wave is not sufficiently plane. At angles of incidence between grazing and the pseudo-Brewster value the requirements of planeness are severe. The relation of optics to Sommerfeld's theory is discussed. The experiments include tests made with the aid of an airplane. For short-wave communication via the Kennelly-Heaviside layer, use of the modified Fresnel equations is shown to be justified. These equations fail only at substantially grazing incidence and then merge into the Sommerfeld ground wave solution. The ground effect is always to discriminate against radiation or reception at very low angles.