gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Angiogenesis and Vessel Regression (2000)

The programmed form of cell death (apoptosis) is essential for normal development of multicellular organisms. In the past few years, compelling evidence accumulated that dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to embryonal death and is involved in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Specifically, the occurrence of endothelial cell apoptosis has deleterious effects on the development of the cardiovascular system leading to embryonal death. Moreover, endothelial cell apoptosis counteracts neovascularization in the adult organism. On the basis of these findings, one may consider the regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis as a potential therapeutic target. The induction of endothelial cell apoptosis may limit unwanted neovascularization of tumors. In contrast, the prevention of endothelial cell apoptosis may improve angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in patients with ischemia. The present work critically reviews the existing data that supports a role of endothelial cell apoptosis for vascular growth and remodeling and provides insights into the mechanisms and the potential therapeutic consequences.
Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene with p-Divinylbenzene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnionic Copolymerization of Styrene with p-DivinylbenzeneD. J. WorsfoldCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 5, 514–517Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60017a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (484 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast processing of imaging spectrometer data cube based on FPGA design (2007)

This paper presents a hardware-based implementation, which is specially designed for fast processing data cube of the novel imaging spectrometer, the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII). CTII is the combination of the conventional Fourier Transformation Imaging Spectrometer (FTIS) and the Computed-Tomography Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS). CTII retains the advantages of both FTIS and CTIS such as high etendue, high spectral resolution. The price paid for above advantages is much enormous amounts of calculation compared with FTIS and CTIS. The CTII algorithm mainly includes two processing parts. One is Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) Algorithm, the other is the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) Algorithm. Since these two parts can be dealt separately, we introduced the pipeline processing technology. In this paper, we develop a hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm to improve its computational performance by resorting to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) reconfigurable boards. The proposed FPGA design represents our first step toward the development of a system for onboard analysis of CTII hyperspectral imagery. The results we obtained demonstrate that the concept of the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII) is correct, and the hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm is high efficiency in processing CTII data cube.
Up-Regulation of Early Growth Response Gene-1 Via the CXCR3 Receptor Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in an Immortalized Human Proximal Tubule Cell Line (2003)

The CXCR3 chemokine receptor, a member of the CXCR family, has been linked to a pathological role in autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, allograft rejection, and ischemia. In the kidney, expression of the CXCR3 receptor and its ligands is up-regulated in states of glomerulonephritis and in allograft rejection, but little is known about the expression and functional role the CXCR3 receptor might play. Here, we study the function of the CXCR3 chemokine receptor in an immortalized human proximal tubular cell line (IHKE-1). Stimulation of the CXCR3 receptor by its selective agonist monokine induced by IFN-gamma leads via a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism to an up-regulation of early growth response gene (EGR)-1. Overexpression of EGR-1 induces down-regulation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase and stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the NADH/NADPH-oxidase system. EGR-1 overexpression or treatment with monokine induced by IFN-gamma resulted in a ROS-dependent inhibition of basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, compromising sodium transport in these cells. Thus, activation of the CXCR3 receptor in proximal tubular cells might disturb natriuresis during inflammatory and ischemic kidney disease via EGR-1-mediated imbalance of ROS.
Repeatedly Pairing Vagus Nerve Stimulation with a Movement Reorganizes Primary Motor Cortex (2011)

Although sensory and motor systems support different functions, both systems exhibit experience-dependent cortical plasticity under similar conditions. If mechanisms regulating cortical plasticity are common to sensory and motor cortices, then methods generating plasticity in sensory cortex should be effective in motor cortex. Repeatedly pairing a tone with a brief period of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) increases the proportion of primary auditory cortex responding to the paired tone (Engineer ND, Riley JR, Seale JD, Vrana WA, Shetake J, Sudanagunta SP, Borland MS, Kilgard MP. 2011. Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity. Nature. 470:101-104). In this study, we predicted that repeatedly pairing VNS with a specific movement would result in an increased representation of that movement in primary motor cortex. To test this hypothesis, we paired VNS with movements of the distal or proximal forelimb in 2 groups of rats. After 5 days of VNS movement pairing, intracranial microstimulation was used to quantify the organization of primary motor cortex. Larger cortical areas were associated with movements paired with VNS. Rats receiving identical motor training without VNS pairing did not exhibit motor cortex map plasticity. These results suggest that pairing VNS with specific events may act as a general method for increasing cortical representations of those events. VNS movement pairing could provide a new approach for treating disorders associated with abnormal movement representations.
A combination of an anti-SLAMF6 antibody and ibrutinib efficiently abrogates expansion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (2016)

The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family [SLAMF] of cell surface receptors partakes in both the development of several immunocyte lineages and innate and adaptive immune responses in humans and mice. For instance, the homophilic molecule SLAMF6 (CD352) is in part involved in natural killer T cell development, but also modulates T follicular helper cell and germinal B cell interactions. Here we report that upon transplantation of a well-defined aggressive murine B220+CD5+ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cell clone, TCL1-192, into SCID mice one injection of a monoclonal antibody directed against SLAMF6 (αSlamf6) abrogates tumor progression in the spleen, bone marrow and blood. Similarly, progression of a murine B cell lymphoma, LMP2A/λMyc, was also eliminated by αSlamf6. But, surprisingly, αSLAMF6 neither eliminated TCL1-192 nor LMP2A/λMyc cells, which resided in the peritoneal cavity or omentum. This appeared to be dependent upon the tumor environment, which affected the frequency of sub-populations of the TCL1-192 clone or the inability of peritoneal macrophages to induce Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, co-administering αSlamf6 with the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, ibrutinib, synergized to efficiently eliminate the tumor cells in the spleen, bone marrow, liver and the peritoneal cavity. Because an anti-human SLAMF6 mAb efficiently killed human CLL cells in vitro and in vivo, we propose that a combination of αSlamf6 with ibrutinib should be considered as a novel therapeutic approach for CLL and other B cell tumors.
Building Interactive Multi-Touch Surfaces (2009)

Multi-touch interaction with computationally enhanced surfaces has received considerable attention in recent years. Hardware implementations of multi-touch interaction such as frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) and diffused illumination (DI) have allowed for the low-cost development of surfaces. Although many of these technologies and associated applications have been presented in academic settings, the practicality of building a high-quality multi-touch—enabled surface, both in terms of the software and hardware required, are not widely known. We draw upon our extensive experience as developers of multi-touch technology to provide practical advice in relation to building and deploying applications upon multi-touch surfaces. This includes technical details of the construction of optical multi-touch surfaces, including infrared illumination, silicone compliant surfaces, projection screens, cameras, filters, and projectors, and an overview of existing software libraries for tracking.
Expression and Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels After RNA Injection in Xenopus Oocytes (1986)

Calcium ions flow into cells through several distinct classes of voltage-dependent calcium-selective channels. Such fluxes play important roles in electrical signaling at the cell membrane and in chemical signaling within cells. Further information about calcium channels was obtained by injecting RNA isolated from rat brain, heart and skeletal muscle into Xenopus oocytes. Macroscopic currents through voltage-operated calcium channels were resolved when the endogenous calcium-dependent chloride current was blocked by replacing external calcium with barium and chloride with methanesulfonate. The resulting barium current was insensitive to tetrodotoxin but was completely blocked by cadmium or cobalt. With both heart and brain RNA at least two distinct types of calcium ion conductance were found, distinguishable by their time course and inactivation properties. In oocytes injected with heart RNA, the slowly inactivating component was selectively blocked by the calcium-channel antagonist nifedipine. Barium ion currents induced by heart RNA were modulated by isoproterenol, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and acetylcholine.
Improving Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With an Inspiratory Impedance Valve (1995)

Intermittent impedance to inspiratory flow of respiratory gases during ACD CPR significantly improves coronary perfusion pressures and vital organ blood flow and lowers defibrillation energy requirements in a porcine model of VF.
RW Lacertae: a New Photometric Triple Star (2006)

Our result indicates, that RW Lac is probably next member of an interesting group of triple eccentric eclipsing binaries (f.e. RU Mon, U Oph, YY Sgr and DR Vul) deserving a regular monitoring. Only a relatively small part of the third body orbit is well covered by the precise observations. Therefore, new high accuracy timings of this eclipsing system are necessary in order to confirm the light time effect and its calculated parameters.
Pattern Formation of Ice Crystals during Free Growth in Supercooled Water (1997)

In-situ observations of ice crystals grown in supercooled bulk water were carried out using an interferometric optical system. Three-dimensional patterns of ice crystals were analyzed using the interference fringes. It was found that the growth of circular disk crystals can be categorized into two types, depending on whether screw dislocations are included in the disk crystal. It was also found that morphological instability on the circular disk of the ice crystals starts to develop at the moment that its thickness reaches a critical value and that the instability is independent of the radius of the disk crystal. The study also showed that the growth of an ice dendrite is not consistent with the universal law for dendritic growth.
Micro/nanoscale self-aligned optical couplings of the self-organized lightwave network (SOLNET) formed by excitation lights from outside (2016)

The self-organized lightwave network (SOLNET) provides “optical solder,” which enables self-aligned optical couplings between misaligned optical devices with different core sizes. We propose a low-cost SOLNET formation method, in which write beams are generated within optical devices by excitation lights from outside. Simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method reveal that the two-photon processes enhance optical-solder capabilities. In couplings between 600-nm-wide waveguides opposed with 32-μm distance a wide lateral misalignment tolerance of ~2 µm to maintain <1 dB loss at 650 nm in wavelength is obtained. The coupling loss at 1-μm lateral misalignment is 0.4 dB. In couplings between 3-μm-wide and 600-nm-wide waveguides, losses at 650 nm are 0.1 dB for no misalignments and 0.9 dB for 1-μm misalignment. These results suggest that SOLNETs provide optical solder with mode size converting functions.
A compilation of inventories of emissions to the atmosphere (1993)

Detailed and accurate emissions inventories are essential for reliable computer dispersion model simulation of the behavior of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric species. Currently, model simulations of the atmosphere are limited by the paucity of quality emissions data for input. As a first step in providing internationally recognized emissions inventories, we list here the inventories that are extant, together with their spatial and temporal characteristics and a few interpretive comments. The only global emissions inventory we regard as good is that for chlorofluorocarbons. Those for CO 2 , CH 4 , NO x , SO 2 , reduced sulfur, and radon we regard as fair. In selected regions, the spatial resolution of emissions is well determined for CO 2 , CO, NO x , and SO 2 . The temporal resolution of existing inventories is almost uniformly poor. Much remains to be done to generate emissions inventories adequate to fully support computer models of regional and global chemistry and climate.
Cytomimetic biomaterials. 3. Preparation and transport studies of an alginate/amphiphilic copolymer/ polymerized phospholipid film (1999)

The significance of molecular design methodologies based upon membrane-mimetic systems lies in the ability to engineer robust materials of varying geometry with a high degree of reproducibility and molecular control over surface order and chemistry. However, non-covalently associated assemblies, in and of themselves, are often insufficiently robust for many applications. We have previously reported the in situ polymerization of a single phospholipid monolayer on a self-assembled film of octadecyltrichrolosilane (OTS) on glass, as well as the polymerization of phospholipids on an amphiphilic, dialkyl-containing terpolymer bound to a gold-coated silicon wafer. We now report the polymerization of a phospholipid monolayer assembly onto an alkylated hydrogel substrate with significant alteration in both surface chemistry and mass transport properties at the hydrogel-water interface. A general platform is thereby created for enhancing the control of either the local delivery of specific macromolecules or the immunoisolation barrier for many cell based therapies.
Methods to monitor immune response and quality control. (2004)

Therapeutic vaccines administered to patients with cancer are expected to induce and sustain tumour-specific immune responses. However, anti-tumour responses are often compromised in such patients, and a new approach to evaluating their immune competence before vaccination is needed. Spontaneous apoptosis of activated anti-tumour effector cells, including CD8+ Tetramer+ T cells, occurring with a high frequency in the circulation of such patients may be one reason for low frequencies of peptide-specific T cells detectable after vaccination. For patients treated with anti-tumour vaccines, monitoring strategies, including a broad range of antibody-based and cellular assays, have been developed. Single-cell assays, using circulating PBMC and capable of detecting fewer than 1/10,000 of antigen-specific T lymphocytes in the tested population are currently in demand. ELISPOT assay, cytokine flow cytometry (CFC) and tetramer binding were recently compared by us as part of a dendritic cell-based multi-peptide vaccination trial in patients with metastatic melanoma. All three assays performed under GLP conditions in an experienced monitoring laboratory detected a low frequency of CD8+ peptide-responsive T cells and were not found to be concordant in measuring pre- to post-vaccine changes in the frequency of these T cells. The selection of an assay for monitoring of anti-cancer vaccines is an important decision, which has to be undertaken rationally with a complete understanding of the assay limitations. The assay performance has to be validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, inter- and intra-assay variability, and its coefficient of variation established. Performance of an assay with fresh vs. frozen/thawed specimens has to be evaluated carefully. The challenge of serial monitoring in patients receiving therapeutic vaccines is best met by using experienced reference laboratories.
Leptin and Inflammation (2008)

The past few years of research on leptin have provided important information on the link between metabolism and immune homeostasis. Adipocytes influence not only the endocrine system but also the immune response through several cytokine-like mediators known as adipokines, which include leptin. It is widely accepted that leptin can directly link nutritional status and pro-inflammatory T helper 1 immune responses, and that a decrease of leptin plasma concentration during food deprivation can lead to an impaired immune function. Additionally, several studies have implicated leptin in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, and the elevated circulating leptin levels in obesity appear to contribute to the low-grade inflammatory background which makes obese individuals more susceptible to increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, or degenerative disease including autoimmunity and cancer. Conversely, reduced levels of leptin such as those found in malnourished individuals have been linked to increased risk of infection and reduced cell-mediated immune responses. We discuss here the functional influences of leptin in the physiopathology of inflammation, and the effects of leptin in the modulation of such responses.
A single DNA response element can confer inducibility by both alpha- and gamma-interferons. (1989)

Genomic and cDNA clones corresponding to 9-27, a member of the human 1-8 gene family highly inducible by alpha- and gamma-interferons (IFNs), have been isolated and characterized. A 1.7-kilobase genomic clone contains a complete functional gene with two exons, encoding a 125-amino acid polypeptide of unknown function. The 5' flanking region of the gene contains a 13-base-pair IFN-stimulable response element (ISRE), homologous to the ISREs of the 6-16, ISG 15, and ISG 54 genes, which are predominantly inducible by IFN-alpha, beta. Analysis of constructs containing native and mutated ISREs suggests that this motif is essential for the response of 9-27 to IFN-gamma as well as IFN-alpha. Furthermore, the 9-27 (GGAAATAGAAACT) and 6-16 (GGGAAAATGAAACT) ISREs can each confer a response to both types of IFN when placed on the 5' side of a marker gene. Since the 6-16 gene does not normally respond to IFN-gamma, the context of the ISRE must determine the specificity of the response.
Estimation of tumour dose enhancement due to gold nanoparticles during typical radiation treatments: a preliminary Monte Carlo study (2005)

A recent mice study demonstrated that gold nanoparticles could be safely administered and used to enhance the tumour dose during radiation therapy. The use of gold nanoparticles seems more promising than earlier methods because of the high atomic number of gold and because nanoparticles can more easily penetrate the tumour vasculature. However, to date, possible dose enhancement due to the use of gold nanoparticles has not been well quantified, especially for common radiation treatment situations. Therefore, the current preliminary study estimated this dose enhancement by Monte Carlo calculations for several phantom test cases representing radiation treatments with the following modalities: 140 kVp x-rays, 4 and 6 MV photon beams, and 192Ir gamma rays. The current study considered three levels of gold concentration within the tumour, two of which are based on the aforementioned mice study, and assumed either no gold or a single gold concentration level outside the tumour. The dose enhancement over the tumour volume considered for the 140 kVp x-ray case can be at least a factor of 2 at an achievable gold concentration of 7 mg Au/g tumour assuming no gold outside the tumour. The tumour dose enhancement for the cases involving the 4 and 6 MV photon beams based on the same assumption ranged from about 1% to 7%, depending on the amount of gold within the tumour and photon beam qualities. For the 192Ir cases, the dose enhancement within the tumour region ranged from 5% to 31%, depending on radial distance and gold concentration level within the tumour. For the 7 mg Au/g tumour cases, the loading of gold into surrounding normal tissue at 2 mg Au/g resulted in an increase in the normal tissue dose, up to 30%, negligible, and about 2% for the 140 kVp x-rays, 6 MV photon beam, and 192Ir gamma rays, respectively, while the magnitude of dose enhancement within the tumour was essentially unchanged.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy via gold nanostars (2008)

Abstract Anisotropic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have unique optical properties, which lend them to applications such as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Star‐shaped gold (Au) NPs were prepared in aqueous solutions by the seed‐mediated growth method and tested for Raman enhancement using 2‐mercaptopyridine (2‐MPy) and crystal violet (CV) probing molecules. For both molecules, the SERS activity of the nanostars was notably stronger than that of the spherical Au NPs of similar size. The Raman enhancement factors (EFs) for 2‐MPy on Au nanostars and nanorods are comparable and estimated as greater than 5 orders of magnitude. However, the enhancement for CV on nanostars was significantly higher than for nanorods, in particular at CV concentrations of 100 n M or lower. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Published in 2008 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure of Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers and their Alignment Using Electric Fields and Surfaces (1993)

Abstract The current understanding of the ordering and dynamics of backbones, flexible spacers and side groups in side chain liquid crystalline polymers (SCLCPS) is reviewed. Comparisons are made between theoretical work and the experimental results from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). Alignment of SCLCPS by AC and DC electric fields, as studied using DRS, optical microscopy, and transmitted light techniques are also reviewed, and the less well understood field of surface alignment is mentioned.