gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeletal rearrangements accompanying Salmonella entry into epithelial cells (1991)

Salmonella bacteria can enter (invade) eukaryotic cells, and exist as intracellular parasites. Confocal, light immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to examine various cytoskeletal components of cultured Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and HeLa epithelial cells after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. These bacteria entered and remained within membrane-bound vacuoles and were surrounded by large (5-10 microns) dense structures composed of various cytoskeletal components. These structures consisted of extensive aggregations of polymerized actin, alpha-actinin and tropomyosin above and beside the invading bacterium in both epithelial cell lines. These structures were evident soon after bacterial addition (maximal at 20 min for HeLa cells, 60 min for MDCK cells), and disappeared later in the infection as the cytoskeletal components returned to a more normal distribution after bacterial internalization. Surprisingly, tubulin also aggregated above internalized Salmonella although bacterial entry or penetration through polarized monolayers was not disrupted by the microtubule-inhibiting agent nocadazole (this treatment actually enhanced tubulin accumulation around these organisms). There were little if any rearrangements in intermediate filaments composed of keratin or vimentin. Large amounts of talin also accumulated above and around invading Salmonella, but there was only a minor accumulation of vinculin around a few organisms. Pretreatment of epithelial cells with the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D blocked bacterial internalization but did not prevent accumulation of polymerized actin and alpha-actinin directly beneath uninternalized bacteria, yet prevented accumulation of the other cytoskeletal components. These results suggest that Salmonella bind to the surface and trigger a signal in epithelial cells that causes marked rearrangements in various cytoskeletal components, including recruitment of actin filaments and alpha-actinin, which then generates the force necessary for bacterial uptake.
Safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine (PFP-2) in the institutionalized elderly (1997)

The safety and immunogenicity of purified fusion protein (PFP-2) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine was evaluated in an open label study in 37 frail institutionalized persons over age 65. Vaccination was well tolerated without significant side-effects. Thirty-six of 37 volunteers completed the study. Nineteen of 36 (53%) vaccinees had a greater than or equal to fourfold increase in IgG to F protein at 4 weeks and 17 (47%) had a greater than or equal to fourfold rise in neutralizing titers to either group A or B virus. Although response rate to PFP-2 vaccine in the frail elderly was somewhat diminished compared to results in the healthy elderly, the vaccine was well tolerated and relatively immunogenic.
Configuration and joint feedback for enhanced performance of multi-segment continuum robots (2011)

Multi-segment continuum robots offer enhanced safety during surgery due to their inherent passive compliance. However, they suffer poor position tracking performance due to flexibility of their actuation lines, structural compliance, and actuation coupling effects between segments. The need for control methods addressing accurate tracking for multi segment continuum robots is magnified by increased precision requirements of surgical procedures employing these structures. To address this need, this paper proposes a tiered controller that uses both extrinsic and intrinsic sensory information for improved performance of multi-segment continuum robots. The higher tier of this controller uses configuration space feedback while the lower tier uses joint space feedback and a feed-forward term obtained with actuation compensation techniques. We prove the stability of this controller using Lyapunov's direct method and experimentally evaluate its performance on a three-segment multi-backbone continuum robot. Results demonstrate its efficacy in enhancing regulation and tracking performance. It is shown that the controller mitigates the effects of actuation coupling between robot's sub-segments and decreases phase lag. These results suggest that this tiered controller will enhance telemanipulation performance of multi-segment continuum robots.
KM CDR ProcessTM Project Update and the New Novel Solvent Development (2017)

The Petra Nova Project will be the world's largest post combustion CO2 capture plant on coal fired flue gas once it begins operation expected in the 4th Quarter of 2016. The CO2 capture plant uses MHI's KM CDR ProcessTM which has been in development by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) in collaboration with the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (KEPCO) since 1990 and has been refined through the application of lessons learned from other commercial plants and R&D projects. MHI continues to improve its technology by focusing on developing more efficient systems and reducing CO2 capture costs. MHI demonstrated a 25 MW heat integration technology using (Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd.) MHPS's High Efficiency System (HES) with Southern Company Services. The project resulted in significant heat recovery and improvements in pollutant capture performance in the electrostatic precipitator (ESP). MHI also evaluated the performance of a new, novel solvent at a 2 tpd pilot test plant in Japan. The pilot test results show lower steam consumption, solvent degradation, and solvent emissions than those of KS-1TM solvent. MHI plans to continue developing the new solvent until it is ready for commercial deployment. Through R&D and through the collection of lessons learned from commercial plants, MHI is working towards reducing the cost and the environmental footprint of CO2 capture.
Noninvasive detection of fetal trisomy 21: systematic review and report of quality and outcomes of diagnostic accuracy studies performed between 1997 and 2012 (2013)

NIPT of trisomy 21 by MPS with or without pre-selection of chromosomes is promising and likely to replace the prenatal serum screening test that is currently combined with nuchal translucency measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy. Before NIPT can be introduced as a screening test in a social insurance health-care system, more evidence is needed from large prospective diagnostic accuracy studies in first trimester pregnancies. Moreover, we believe further assessment, of whether NIPT can be provided in a cost-effective, timely and equitable manner for every pregnant woman, is required.
Studies on the Total Synthesis of dl-Colchiceine. I. Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-9, 10, 11-trimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7-hexahydro-5H-dibenzo [a, c] cycloheptatrien-5-one. (1962)

3-Hydroxy-9, 10, 11-trimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7-hexahydro-5H-dibenzo [a, c] cycloheptatrien-5-one (XX) was synthesized from ethyl 2-oxo-5-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate (III) in 11 steps. Attempt to enlarge the six-membered C-ring in (XX) to a seven-membered ring did not materialize.
Excess Heat Evolution during Electrolysis of H2O with Nickel, Gold, Silver, and Tin Cathodes (1993)

Excess heat evolution was measured on nickel, gold, silver, and tin in aqueous K2CO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, and Li2SO4 solutions under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions. Steady evolution of excess heat in various electrode-electrolyte systems, but not in Ni/Na2CO3, Ni/Na2SO4, and Ni/Li2SO4, was observed for at least several days of observation. The largest excess heat observed was 907 mW on tin in K2SO4.
Structural basis for the specific inhibition of heterotrimeric G q protein by a small molecule (2010)

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) transmit extracellular stimuli perceived by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling cascades. Hundreds of GPCRs exist in humans and are the targets of a large percentage of the pharmaceutical drugs used today. Because G proteins are regulated by GPCRs, small molecules that directly modulate G proteins have the potential to become therapeutic agents. However, strategies to develop modulators have been hampered by a lack of structural knowledge of targeting sites for specific modulator binding. Here we present the mechanism of action of the cyclic depsipeptide YM-254890, which is a recently discovered Gq-selective inhibitor. YM-254890 specifically inhibits the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of alpha subunit of Gq protein (Galphaq) by inhibiting the GDP release from Galphaq. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the Galphaqbetagamma-YM-254890 complex shows that YM-254890 binds the hydrophobic cleft between two interdomain linkers connecting the GTPase and helical domains of the Galphaq. The binding stabilizes an inactive GDP-bound form through direct interactions with switch I and impairs the linker flexibility. Our studies provide a novel targeting site for the development of small molecules that selectively inhibit each Galpha subunit and an insight into the molecular mechanism of G protein activation.
Overlap Among Major Web Search Engines (2006)

Our study examined the overlap among results retrieved by three major Web search engines for a large set of more than 10,316 queries. Previous smaller studies have discussed the lack of overlap in results returned by Web search engines for the same queries. Our large-scale study measured the overlap of first page results (both nonsponsored and sponsored) across three major Web search engines ― Google, Ask Jeeves and Yahoo - using a large number of randomly selected Dogpile.com queries submitted within a 24 hour - 36 hour period. We then compared the results to results retrieved for the same queries from the meta-search engine Dogpile.com. The percent of total results unique to only one of the three major Web search engines was 85%. 12% of total search results were found on two of the three Web search engines, and 3% of results were found across all three Web search engines. This small level of overlap reflects major differences in Web search engines retrieval and ranking results. Results point to the value of meta-search engines in Web retrieval to overcome the biases of individual search engines.
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Type 3 Poliovirus Isolated During a Recent Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Finland (1986)

We have cloned and sequenced the complete genome of a strain of poliovirus type 3 (23127) isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland. The genome is 7435 nucleotides long excluding the 3' poly(A) stretch and is 95.5% homologous at the amino acid level to the previously sequenced type 3 strain, P3/Leon/37. The most striking feature of the presented sequence is the extent of amino acid substitutions relative to P3/Leon/37 and other type 3 strains in areas of known antigenic importance. The major antigenic determinant for virus neutralization (site 1), located at residues 89 to 100 of VP1, has three amino acid substitutions and there are six substitutions in site 3, a composite site made up of sequences from VP1 and VP3. The variation in these regions probably accounts for the observed unusual antigenicity and may explain why the virus was able to spread in a well-vaccinated community. Sequence comparisons imply that the virus is not derived from the currently used live attenuated vaccine.
Living Polymerization of α-Olefins Using NiII−α-Diimine Catalysts. Synthesis of New Block Polymers Based on α-Olefins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLiving Polymerization of α-Olefins Using NiII−α-Diimine Catalysts. Synthesis of New Block Polymers Based on α-OlefinsChristopher M. Killian, Daniel J. Tempel, Lynda K. Johnson, and Maurice BrookhartView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 46, 11664–11665Publication Date (Web):November 20, 1996Publication History Received22 July 1996Published online20 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962516hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962516hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5653Altmetric-Citations798LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Living polymerization,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Thermal Parametric Imaging in the Evaluation of Skin Burn Depth (2007)

The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which infrared (IR) thermal imaging may be used for skin burn depth evaluation. The analysis can be made on the basis of the development of a thermal model of the burned skin. Different methods such as the traditional clinical visual approach and the IR imaging modalities of static IR thermal imaging, active IR thermal imaging and active-dynamic IR thermal imaging (ADT) are analyzed from the point of view of skin burn depth diagnostics. In ADT, a new approach is proposed on the basis of parametric image synthesis. Calculation software is implemented for single-node and distributed systems. The properties of all the methods are verified in experiments using phantoms and subsequently in vivo with animals with a reference histopathological examination. The results indicate that it is possible to distinguish objectively and quantitatively burns which will heal spontaneously within three weeks of infliction and which should be treated conservatively from those which need surgery because they will not heal within this period.
Cardioprotective effects in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats due to chronic stimulation/activation of sGC without hypotension (2009)

Background cGMP has recently been suggested to have not only protective but also proliferative and proaggregatory effects. These may differ from nitric oxide, which can also act independently of cGMP. sGC stimulators (which target the reduced Fe2+ form of sGC) and activators (which target the oxidised/heme-free state) are ideal tools to study these as they elevate cGMP in an NO-independent manner. We wanted to investigate the long-term effects of these compounds using the sGC stimulator, BAY 41-2272, and the activator, BAY 58-2667, in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This model of advanced cardiovascular disease exhibits marked cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Laparoscopic implant instrument for the placement of intramuscular electrodes in the diaphragm (1999)

We have developed an endoscopic instrument that will allow a surgeon to safely, dependably and accurately place intramuscular (IM) electrodes in the diaphragm. This instrument has been used to implant 28 IM electrodes in the diaphragms of eleven acute and four chronic dogs. All electrodes achieved full activation of the diaphragm muscle, producing tidal volumes up to 130% V(TCRIT), the critical volume necessary for basal ventilatory support, with unilateral stimulation. The surgeon is able to control the angle of the IM electrode insertion needle, which enables the needle to approach the diaphragm at an angle that is parallel to the surface of the muscle. This insures good control over the depth of needle penetration into the muscle, which greatly reduces the risk of accidentally passing the needle through the diaphragm and entering the thorax. Endoscopic placement of IM electrodes into the diaphragm opens opportunities to provide cost effective negative pressure ventilation to patients who are unable to effect sufficient ventilation by central nervous system (CNS) control of respiration.
The Empirical Foundations of Calibration (1996)

Interest in simulating recently developed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models of the economy stimulated a demand for parameters. This has given rise to calibration as advocated by Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1982). This paper explores the implicit assumptions underlying their calibration method. The authors question that there is a ready supply of micro estimates available to calibrate macroeconomic models. Measures of parameter uncertainty and specification sensitivity should be routinely reported. They propose a more symbiotic role for calibration as providing signals to microeconomists about important gaps in knowledge, which when filled will solidify the empirical underpinning, improving the credibility of the quantitative output.
Thermal behavior of visible AlGaInP-GaInP ridge laser diodes (1992)

The thermal behavior of visible AlGaInP-GaInP ridge laser diodes was investigated numerically and experimentally. It is shown that various parameters critically influence the thermal resistance, R, of such devices. R is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity of the heat sink. A substantial improvement in R is achieved for junction-side-down mounting compared to junction-side-up. R depends strongly on the width, w, of the ridge, and this effect is different for junction-side-up or junction-side-down mounting. In the first case, R approximately log(w) and in the second, R approximately 1/w. The thickness of the soldering material is a sensitive parameter which may increase the value of R by up to 15 K/W. For junction-side-up mounted devices, the top metallization layer has a very favorable effect: a 1- mu m-thick gold layer reduces R by 30%. It is shown that when a laser is switched on, the thermal steady state is reached in the millisecond time range. The experimental results show very good agreement with numerical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stability of Human Thrombin Produced From 11 ml of Plasma Using the Thrombin Processing Device (2005)

Autologous thrombin can be produced by activating the patient's own plasma. By adding calcium chloride (CaCl2) to the anticoagulated plasma, the coagulation cascade will be initiated, and active thrombin will be produced. However, thrombin obtained by this method degrades very quickly and is not practical for use during surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of the thrombin produced using the thrombin processing device (TPD; Thermogenesis Corporation). The TPD consists of a tubular chamber containing a negatively charged surface for activation. Plasma (11 ml) and reagent (CaCl2 and ethanol, 3.75 ml) were added to the TPD, and active thrombin was harvested after a 20-minute incubation. The production of thrombin was done at 18 degrees C (64 degrees F), 24 degrees C (75 degrees F), and 27 degrees C (81 degrees F) (n = 4/group). The produced thrombin was stored at the production temperature, 4 degrees C (39 degrees F), and 35 degrees C (95 degrees F). The thrombin activity was assessed by time to clot formation, using a fibrinogen concentrate as substrate, after 2, 4, and 6 hours of storage. Thrombin produced at 18 degrees C had clot times of less than 5 seconds for 2 hours (4.42 +/- 1.3 seconds) when stored at 4 degrees C, but 4 hours (4.1 +/- 1.3 seconds) when stored at 35 degrees C. In contrast, when thrombin was produced at 24 degrees C, the clot times were 4.3 +/- 0.7 and 4.6 +/- 1.6 seconds at 4 degrees C and 35 degrees C, respectively, for up to 6 hours. Similar results were obtained for thrombin produced at 27 degrees C. Active thrombin produced by the TPD is dependent on both the production temperature and the storage temperature. Autologous human thrombin with a stability of up to 6 hours can be obtained using the TPD when produced at 24 degrees C or 27 degrees C and stored at 4 degrees C.
Characterization of a Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2000)

A pseudorandom time-of-flight method (also called the cross-correlation method) has been used to perform time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a duty cycle of 50%. Modulation of an ion beam is accomplished by deflecting the ion beam with an interleaved comb of oppositely charged elements. Maximum-length pseudorandom sequences based on Hadamard-type difference sets are produced by feedback shift register circuitry and used for ion beam modulation. The inverse transformation of the recorded signal is carried out speedily with the help of the fast Hadamard transform, which allows real-time monitoring of the mass spectrum. The components of the instrument are described, and its performance is characterized. Trajectory simulations are found to be in good agreement with experimental findings, which aids in understanding the modulation dynamics. It is found that the wire comb modulator can be modeled as a set of ideal deflection plates of length 0.875 l, where l is the spacing between oppositely charged wires.
Male Sterility From Gossypium harknessii (1975)

Journal Article Male Sterility From Gossypium harknessii Get access VESTA G. MEYER VESTA G. MEYER Delta Branch, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment StationStoneville, Mississippi 38776 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 66, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 23–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108566 Published: 01 January 1975
The effects of vasopressin and its analogues on the liver and its disorders in the critically ill (2010)

The use of vasopressin and its synthetic analogues has shown beneficial effects in the management of patients with cirrhosis, especially in the context of variceal bleeding, the hepatorenal syndrome or both. In both cases, the use of terlipressin improved survival. Therefore, in these clinical indications, terlipressin is a part of recommendations. The role of vasopressin in patients with septic shock remains to be precisely evaluated.
Fluorescence-based oligonucleotide ligation assay for analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations (1995)

Isolation of the gene for cystic fibrosis (CF), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), provided a basis for analyzing its molecular pathology and resulted in the identification of > 400 mutations associated with disease. Except for the delta F508 mutation, no other single mutation accounts for > 5% of CF chromosomes in most populations, and most mutation frequencies are < 1%. A strategy based on multiplex PCR followed by multiplex allele-specific oligonucleotide probe ligation was used to detect 30 mutations, distributed throughout ten exons and seven introns of the CFTR gene, that together account for > 96% of CF mutant chromosomes worldwide. Mutations were detected by competitive oligonucleotide probe ligation to detect normal and/or mutant genotypes in one reaction. Three probes (one common and two allelic probes) were needed for analysis of each mutation. Probes hybridized to target DNA were joined by a thermostable ligase if there were no mismatches at their junctions; temperature cycling resulted in a linear increase in product. Common probes were labeled with fluorochromes, and allelic probes each had different lengths. Ligation products were analyzed electrophoretically on a fluorescent DNA sequencer. The results show that combined PCR and probe ligation amplification rapidly and reliably screen for CF homozygotes and carriers.