gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd (AACMA) 2008 mentoring survey summary (2011)

There has been long-standing discussion by Chinese medicine practitioners in Australia concerning the ways in which they could best be supported in their endeavours. Mentoring by experienced practitioners is considered a possible format for this to occur. Aims: To gain an understanding of AACMA members' perceptions and requirements regarding mentoring. Design: A written survey composed of 15 questions with quantitative and qualitative components. Subjects and setting: The survey was distributed to all AACMA members in Australia in 2008. Interventions and outcome measures: Qualitative survey data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: From 129 responses, a number of themes emerged regarding members' perceptions and requirements for mentoring. Key themes include: a variety of understandings of what mentoring is; the purpose of mentoring is to develop confidence and clinical experience; the need for guidelines and support for mentors; restrictions on who can be a mentor; that anyone can be a mentee; participation can be optional; any program should be flexible and suit the individuals involved; and that a mentoring program is seen as valuable and good for the profession. Conclusions: The study provides an evidentiary basis for the establishment of a pilot mentoring program for practitioners and, auspiced by a professional association such as AACMA, may indeed be a timely and valuable endeavour on behalf of the profession.
Efficacy of anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies in preclinical tumor models provides a rationale for clinical development as cancer immunotherapeutics (2015)

Meeting abstracts ICOS (inducible co-stimulator molecule) is a T cell encoded member of the extended B7/CD28 superfamily that is up-regulated upon early T cell activation. Previous studies have shown that higher ICOS expression on circulating T cells, post treatment with ipilimumab, is associated
Hydrophilic matrix sustained release systems based on polysaccharide carriers. (1991)

The hydrophilic matrix (HM) continues to be a popular and widely used strategy for sustained-release drug delivery, with polysaccharides and their derivatives being the polymers of choice as the rate-controlling carriers for these systems. This review provides an appraisal of the more recent developments in the design and in our understanding of the behavior of HM systems. It also focuses on areas of current interest not encompassed by previous reviews.
Three-mirror fibre Fabry–Perot filters of optimal design (1990)

A three-mirror, all-fibre, Fabry–Perot filter was built having a second-order near Butterworth bandpass response, which is characterised by a fiat top and steep skirts.
Attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on an RGD peptide–modified injectable hyaluronan hydrogel (2003)

Hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels resist attachment and spreading of fibroblasts and most other mammalian cell types. A thiol-modified HA (3,3'-dithiobis(propanoic dihydrazide) [HA-DTPH]) was modified with peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and then crosslinked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) diacrylate (PEGDA) to create a biomaterial that supported cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. The hydrogels were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in three assay systems. First, the behavior of human and murine fibroblasts on the surface of the hydrogels was evaluated. The concentration and structure of the RGD peptides and the length of the PEG spacer influenced cell attachment and spreading. Second, murine fibroblasts were seeded into HA-DTPH solutions and encapsulated via in situ crosslinking with or without bound RGD peptides. Cells remained viable and proliferated within the hydrogel for 15 days in vitro. Although the RGD peptides significantly enhanced cell proliferation on the hydrogel surface, the cell proliferation inside the hydrogel in vitro was increased only modestly. Third, HA-DTPH/PEGDA/peptide hydrogels were evaluated as injectable tissue engineering materials in vivo. A suspension of murine fibroblasts in HA-DTPH was crosslinked using PEGDA plus PEGDA peptide, and the viscous, gelling mixture was injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice; gels formed in vivo following injection. After 4 weeks, growth of new fibrous tissue had been accelerated by the sense RGD peptides. Thus, attachment, spreading, and proliferation of cells is dramatically enhanced on RGD-modified surfaces but only modestly accelerated in vivo tissue formation.
Dynamic analysis of patterns of renal sympathetic nerve activity: implications for renal function (2004)

Methods of dynamic analysis are used to provide additional understanding of the renal sympathetic neural control of renal function. The concept of functionally specific subgroups of renal sympathetic nerve fibres conveying information encoded in the frequency domain is presented. Analog pulse modulation and pseudorandom binary sequence stimulation patterns are used for the determination of renal vascular frequency response. Transfer function analysis is used to determine the effects of non-renal vasoconstrictor and vasoconstrictor intensities of renal sympathetic nerve activity on dynamic autoregulation of renal blood flow.
Binding of an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor third intracellular loop peptide to G beta and the amino terminus of G alpha. (1994)

The structural basis of receptor-G protein interactions was examined using a photoaffinity derivative of a G protein-activating receptor-derived peptide (Q peptide) from the carboxyl-terminal region of the third intracellular loop of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor. A diazopyruvoyl photoaffinity derivative of this peptide (DAP-Q) was cross-linked to purified bovine brain Go. Specific, competable cross-linking of 750 nM DAP-Q to sites on both the alpha o and beta subunits was observed. No specific cross-linking was seen with non-target proteins or heat-denatured G protein subunits. 125I-DAP-Q labeled the 2-kDa amino-terminal fragment of alpha o as determined by protease digestion of the cross-linked G protein followed by gel electrophoresis or h igh pressure liquid chromatography purification and mass spectroscopy of the radiolabeled proteolysis fragment. The functional significance of incorporation into beta gamma subunit is supported by the absolute requirement of beta gamma subunit for DAP-Q stimulation of Go/Gi GTPase. Thus, specific interactions of G protein-coupled receptors with the beta subunit of G protein, in addition to those with the alpha subunit, appear to be important for receptor-G protein coupling.
Cas9, Cpf1 and C2c1/2/3―What's next? (2017)

Since the rapid emergence of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, developed as a genome engineering tool in 2012-2013, most researchers in the life science field have had a fixated interest in this fascinating technology. CRISPR-Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease system, which consists of Cas9 nuclease defining a few targeting base via protospacer adjacent motif complexed with easily customizable single guide RNA targeting around 20-bp genomic sequence. Although Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), one of the Cas9 proteins that applications in genome engineering were first demonstrated, still has wide usage because of its high nuclease activity and broad targeting range, there are several limitations such as large molecular weight and potential off-target effect. In this commentary, we describe various improvements and alternatives of CRISPR-Cas systems, including engineered Cas9 variants, Cas9 homologs, and novel Cas proteins other than Cas9. These variations enable flexible genome engineering with high efficiency and specificity, orthogonal genetic control at multiple gene loci, gene knockdown, or fluorescence imaging of transcripts mediated by RNA targeting, and beyond.
Genetic organization, sequence and biochemical characterization of recombinant -xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain B6A-RI (1993)

Endoxylanase (xynA) and beta-xylosidase (xynB) genes from Thermoanerobacterium saccharolyticum were subcloned from a cosmid clone (pXDM1) to generate pXPH3. The nucleotide sequence of a PstI-HindIII fragment in pXPH3 that contained xynB revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1500 bp encoding a 55 kDa protein. Another open reading frame (ORF1) of unknown function was found 21 bp downstream from the first stop codon of xynB. xynB, ORF1 and xynA had the same direction of transcription. xynB from T. saccharolyticum strain B6A-RI exhibited 45% amino acid similarity, with 18% amino acid identity to xynA of T. saccharolyticum strain B6A-RI, and 61% similarity and 37% identity with the beta-xylosidase gene from Caldocellum saccharolyticum. Recombinant beta-xylosidase was purified from E. coli (pXPH3) cells. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 55 kDa. The specific activity and pH and temperature optima for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX) were 5.53 U mg-1, 5.5 and 70 degrees C, respectively. The beta-xylosidase was stable at 65 degrees C, but lost activity at 85 degrees C. The purified enzyme had hydrolytic activity towards xylopentose, xylotriose, xylobiose and pNPX, but had no activity toward xylan.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 10/09 (2009)

Abstract The cover image is a colour inverted figure taken from Role of DOCK2 and DOCK180 in fetal thymus colonization by Lei et al . ( pp . 2695–2702). By co‐staining sections of frozen embryos for CD45 and keratin, the authors elegantly show that a combination of DOCK2 and DOCK180, two closely related CDM family molecules, plays a significant role in prevascular fetal thymus colonization.
Cyclic AMP metabolism in fragile X syndrome (1992)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) metabolism was studied in platelets from a series of 14 patients with fragile X syndrome (fra X) and 21 control individuals. 1-Isobutyl-3-methylxanthine was used to inhibit phosphodiesterase and thus measure cAMP production, prostaglandin E1 was used to assess receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation, and forskolin was used to directly stimulate the catalytic subunit. In patients with fra X, basal production was 63% of that of control subjects (p = 0.019). Prostaglandin E1- and forskolin-stimulated production were 61% (p = 0.039) and 56% (p = 0.012) of that of control subjects, respectively. cAMP production in 8 patients with fra X overlapped the control range, whereas measures of production in 6 patients formed a cluster with values lower than any of the 21 control subjects assayed, suggesting possible biochemical heterogeneity within patients with fra X. Results obtained from the group of patients with fra X suggest possible abnormal function or regulation of the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase in at least a subgroup of patients with fra X. Variability of biochemical findings in patients with fra X may reflect the known high variability of the clinical syndrome.
The Challenges of Using Technology in a Busy Emergency Department: A Case Study of a Next Generation ED Management Information System (2009)

Objective: To describe the general functionalities of a next generation emergency department (ED) management information system and the impacts of its recent implementation as perceived by doctors and nurses in one hospital. Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) holds the potential for improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, quality, and safety of health care delivery. Investigations of the implementation of such systems in the ED have been limited. The acceptance, impact and eventual success of information systems rely heavily on the views and attitudes of its users. Methods: A case study was conducted in the ED of a 650-bed Australian metropolitan public teaching hospital. Qualitative data relating to clinicians' perceptions of a recently implemented ED patient management system (Cerner FirstNet) were collected through interviews with thirteen physicians and seven nurses, combined with two observation sessions. Interview transcripts and observation field notes were analysed by two researchers using a thematic grounded theory approach. Results: The ED management information system assists clinicians in the general management of the department as well as providing the necessary administrative functions from patient admission to discharge. Interaction with the system was perceived to considerably increase the administrative workload of clinicians which decreased efficiency of work practices. This was due largely to the perceived complexity of the system. Discussion and conclusions: The system failed to fully adapt to the context and work practices at the study site, reinforcing the need for clinician participation in systems customisation to ensure that functionalities and features support provider practice and patient care. However, whilst preliminary perceptions were largely negative, ICT evolves with each phase of implementation; research is needed to monitor the changing user perceptions that accompany such evolution. Broadening the scope of our study to encompass hospital administrative departments may also assist in creating a more complete profile of the impact of FirstNet both on the hospital and for the community.
Requirements for the processing of antigens by antigen-presenting B cells. I. Functional comparison of B cell tumors and macrophages. (1982)

Abstract We have conducted functional studies to compare antigen-presenting B cell tumors to macrophages with regard to the requirements for some type of antigen “processing” events to take place before antigen presentation. The capacity of antigen-specific MHC-restricted T cell hybridomas to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) when antigen was presented by an appropriate accessory cell was used as the assay system for these studies. After the binding of antigen by A20-1.11 B lymphoma cells or macrophages at 4°C, a lag period of 45 to 60 min at 37°C was required before antigen presentation could be detected. The compartmentalization of the antigen relevant for triggering T cells was studied by comparing pronase digestion of cell surface antigen with paraformaldehyde fixation. B cells and macrophages that were pronase treated immediately after antigen was allowed to bind at 4°C failed to present antigen whether or not they were subsequently fixed with paraformaldehyde. In contrast, cells that had been incubated for 2 hr at 37°C before pronase treatment presented antigen if they were not fixed after the pronase treatment, but they failed to present antigen if they were fixed immediately after the pronase treatment. These data suggest that immediately after binding at 4°C, all the relevant antigen is located on the cell surface and can be removed by pronase treatment. After the antigen-pulsed cells are incubated at 37°C for 2 hr, antigen is in two distinct compartments. There is a cell surface compartment that is still susceptible to removal by pronase, and if the cells are fixed after the pronase treatment, the antigen-presenting capacity of the cells is destroyed. However, if the cells are not fixed, the second compartment that is resistant to pronase digestion can be expressed on the cell surface after the pronase treatment and thereby restore the antigen-presenting capacity to the cells. As was the case with macrophages, B cells could present cross-reactive determinants present on native ovalbumin (N-OVA) and denatured ovalbumin (D-OVA) to a cloned OVA-specific T cell hybridoma, DO11; this suggested that, like macrophages, B cell antigen processing may involve partial antigen degradation. Further evidence for this came from the finding that chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal proteolysis, if present during the antigen-processing phase, blocked the presentation of that antigen but not that of a second antigen whose processing was allowed to proceed before chloroquine treatment. In addition, monensin, which inhibited the intracellular recycling of membrane receptors, also inhibited antigen presentation. These data are interpreted as supporting the concept that there is some active antigen-processing events that must take place after antigen binding before accessory cells can present antigen. Furthermore, as measured by function, the same requirements for antigen processing that have been demonstrated for macrophages have also been shown for B cell tumors.
Comparison of features of human breast cancer cell lines and their corresponding tumors. (1998)

Although human tumor-derived cell lines play an important role in the investigation of cancer biology and genetics, there is no comprehensive study comparing tumor cell line properties with those of the individual tumors from which they were derived. We compared the properties of a series of 18 human breast cancer cell lines that were cultured for a median period of 25 months (range, 9-60 months) and their corresponding archival tumor tissues. We compared morphological characteristics, ploidy, and immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2/neu and p53 proteins. For 17 of these cases, we also tested for allelic losses at 18 chromosomal regions frequently deleted in breast tumors using 51 polymorphic microsatellite markers, and we determined the TP53 gene mutation status in exons 5 to 10. There was an excellent correlation between the breast tumor cell lines and their corresponding tumor tissues for morphological features (100%); presence of aneuploidy (87%); immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors (87%), progesterone receptors (73%), and HER2/neu (93%) and p53 proteins (100%); allelic loss at all of the chromosomal regions analyzed (82-100% concordance); and TP53 gene mutations (75%). The same parental allele was lost in 279 (99%) of 281 of the comparisons of allelic losses. The fractional allelic loss indices (a reflection of the total allelic loss) of the cell lines and their corresponding tumor tissues were identical or similar in 15 (88%) of 17 paired comparisons. Although our previous studies (A. Gazdar et al., Int. J. Cancer, in press) indicated that only a subset of primary breast carcinomas that have several features indicative of advanced tumors with poor prognosis can be successfully cultured, the cell lines retain the properties of their parental tumors for lengthy culture periods and, thus, provide suitable model systems for biomedical studies.
Human Sleep: Its Duration and Organization Depend on Its Circadian Phase (1980)

Two- to threefold variations in sleep length were observed in 12 subjects living on self-selected schedules in an environment free of time cues. The duration of polygraphically recorded sleep episodes was highly correlated with the circadian phase of the body temperature rhythm at bedtime and not with the length of prior wakefulness. Furthermore, the rate of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep accumulation , REM latency, bedtime selection, and self-rated alertness assessments were also correlated with the body temperature rhythm.
Two polymorphisms (rs699947, rs2010963) in the VEGFA gene and diabetic retinopathy: an updated meta-analysis (2013)

Our meta-analysis confirmed the significant association between rs699947 polymorphism and DR after exclusion of outliers, and rs2010963 polymorphism might be not associated with DR.
Ambipolar Electrical Transport in Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

Ambipolar electrical transport is reported in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors. In particular, the properties of SWNT junctions to TiC are discussed in detail. The carbide-nanotube junctions are abrupt and robust. In contrast to planar junctions, these contacts present low resistance for the injection of both p- and n-type carriers--the apparent barrier height of the junction is modified by the gate field. Thus SWNTs offer the novel possibility of ambipolar Ohmic contacts.
Tremelimumab in Combination with Exemestane in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Treatment-Associated Modulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression on Patient T Cells (2010)

Tremelimumab plus exemestane is tolerable in patients with hormone-responsive advanced breast cancer. Treatment is associated with increased ICOS+ T cells, which likely signals immune activation secondary to CTL-associated antigen 4 blockade.
Wafer bonding and layer transfer processes for 4-junction high efficiency solar cells (2003)

A four-junction cell design consisting of InGaAs, InGaAsP, GaAs, and Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P subcells could reach 1/spl times/AM0 efficiencies of 35.4%, but relies on the integration of non-lattice-matched materials. Wafer bonding and layer transfer processes show promise in the fabrication of InP/Si epitaxial templates for growth of the bottom InGaAs and InGaAsP subcells on a Si support substrate. Subsequent wafer bonding and layer transfer of a thin Ge layer onto the lower subcell stack can serve as an epitaxial template for GaAs and Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P subcells. Present results indicate that optically active III/V compound semiconductors can be grown on both Ge/Si and InP/Si heterostructures. Current voltage electrical characterization of the interfaces of these structures indicates that both InP/Si and Ge/Si interfaces have specific resistances lower than 0.1 /spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/ for heavily doped wafer bonded interfaces, enabling back surface power extraction from the finished cell structure.
The CD4-like molecule LAG-3, biology and therapeutic applications (2010)

The LAG-3 inhibitory pathway is attracting attention, in the light of recent studies demonstrating its role in T cell unresponsiveness, and Treg function after chronic antigen stimulation. As a soluble recombinant dimer, the sLAG-3-Ig protein acts as an adjuvant for therapeutic induction of T cell responses, and may be beneficial to cancer patients when used in combination therapies.
Serious Respiratory Tract Disease Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Prospects for Improved Therapy and Effective Immunization (1992)

On this felicitous occasion we honor Dr Saul Krugman for his many contributions to the study and control of a wide variety of important pediatric viral diseases. In preparing our remarks we found it difficult to identify a major pediatric viral pathogen upon which Saul had not left his mark. One of the few that escaped, for reasons unknown, is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Since RSV is the major pediatric respiratory tract viral pathogen, we thought this agent might pique his interest. Those of us studying RSV need all the help we can receive from biomedical scientists of Saul's caliber. What follows is a summary of current efforts to develop improved therapy and effective immunoprophylaxis for this elusive respiratory tract viral pathogen. IMMUNITY TO RSV DISEASE The mechanisms by which the immune system protects the respiratory tract against RSV infection and disease are not completely understood. However, it is clear that infection (or reinfection) induces resistance in the upper respiratory tract that is neither complete nor long lasting.1,2 The situation is some-what more favorable in the lower respiratory tract, where infection (or reinfection) induces more substantial and more durable resistance to disease. As a consequence, cumulative immunity from multiple reinfections protects older children and adults against the more serious forms of disease involving the lower respiratory tract such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Resistance to RSV infection in the upper respiratory tract appears to be mediated primarily by local secretory IgA antibodies, which explains the transitory nature of immunity in this region.3