gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Lymphoid and Myeloid Leukemic Cell Survival: Role of Stromal Cell Adhesion Molecules (2003)

Several laboratories have documented the necessity for direct contact of lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells with bone marrow stromal cells for optimal survival. Subsequent studies have identified various stromal cell adhesion molecules and soluble factors that facilitate survival through leukemic cell anti-apoptotic signal transduction pathways. This report provides an overview of enhanced leukemic cell survival through adhesive interactions with bone marrow expressed molecules. In addition, we describe the establishment of cloned murine stromal cell lines engineered to constitutively express human VCAM-1 protein on their surface. These stromal cell lines will be useful in studies aimed at better understanding the specific contribution of VCAM-1: VLA-4 signaling in maintenance of residual leukemic disease.
A complete two-plane camera calibration method and experimental comparisons (2002)

For both 3-D reconstruction and prediction of image coordinates, cameras can be calibrated implicitly without involving their physical parameters. The authors present a two-plane method for such a complete calibration, which models all kinds of lens distortions. First, the modeling is done in a general case without imposing the pinhole constraint. Epipolar curves considering lens distortions are introduced and are found in a closed form. Then, a set of constraints of perspectivity is derived to constrain the modeling process. With these constraints, the camera physical parameters can be related directly to the modeling parameters. Extensive experimental comparisons of the methods with the classic photogrammetric method and Tsai's method relating to the aspects of 3-D measurement, the effect of the number of calibration points, and the prediction of image coordinates, are made using real images from 15 different depth values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-kilowatt, picosecond pulses from an all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system using air-core photonic bandgap fiber (2004)

Multi-kilowatt, /spl sim/1 ps pulses at 1550 nm are obtained from a fully fiber integrated chirped pulse amplification system using a conventional single-mode EDFA, and an air-core photonic bandgap fiber as the compressor. /spl sim/40/spl times/ pulse compression is obtained.
A tracking clock recovery receiver for 4-Gbps signaling (1998)

We previously described a design for a 4-Gbps signaling system that uses transmitter equalization to overcome the frequency-dependent attenuation in transmission lines due mainly to skin effect and dielectric absorption. Since then, at least one other group has built an experimental system that uses a similar approach. We present here experimental results from an implementation of this idea in 0.5-micron CMOS, showing the effectiveness of a simple transition-filter equalization technique. Our experimental chip uses a tracking clock recovery receiver, in which a 21-phase clock is servoed to center every other clock on the center of the data "eye". Although oversampling clock recovery can reject jitter up to the lesser of the minimum transition frequency or the data clock frequency, it introduces quantization jitter of /spl mnplus//2k of the bit cell, where k is the number of samples per cell. Tracking recovery gives better performance when there is little jitter above the cut-off frequency of the tracking control loop, avoids quantization jitter entirely, and allows transmitter encoding with much longer run lengths. Electrical measurements in very high speed signaling systems are quite difficult to perform with conventional instrumentation, particularly for on-chip signals. To solve this problem, our design contains simple CMOS analog samplers that enable observation of on-chip signals.
RNA Melanoma Vaccine: Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Human Glycoprotein 100 mRNA Immunization (1999)

An RNA melanoma vaccine was investigated to induce protective immunity in a mouse-melanoma model. LacZ mRNA was synthesized in vitro by pSFV3 expression vector and introduced into the spleen of mice, using HVJ-liposomes. A high level of beta-galactosidase activity was detected for 10 days in mouse spleen. The human melanoma-associated antigen gp100 mRNA was synthesized in vitro by pSFV3 vector and encapsulated in HVJ-liposomes. Immunization by direct injection of the gp100 mRNA HVJ-liposomes into mouse spleen induced both anti-gp100 Ab and CTL responses against B16 melanoma. Immunization by administration of gp100 mRNA into the spleen delayed tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival compared with control treated mice. These preclinical studies demonstrate that an RNA tumor antigen vaccine strategy has potential application for human cancer treatment and prevention.
Technetium-99m-antiepidermal growth factor-receptor antibody in patients with tumors of epithelial origin: part II. Pharmacokinetics and clearances. (1998)

Plasma pharmacokinetics and urine clearance indicate comparability in both doses. The pharmacokinetic properties of the 99mTc-labeled anti-EGF-receptor antibody were found to be dose-independent. These findings provide an initial characterization of the radiopharmaceutical disposition in patients and may be used as the basis for calculating a better estimate of biodistribution and dosimetry for patients who will receive 188Re-labeled anti-EGF-receptor antibody (MAb ior egf/r3) injection for radioimmunotherapy and warrants further controlled clinical trials to define the efficacy of the radiopharmaceutical.
Stable recombinants of bovine viral diarrhea virus containing a hepatitis C virus insert (2010)

Here we report on a segment in the genomic 3' non-translated region (3'NTR) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) that is accessible for the insertion of foreign sequence elements such as the 5'NTR of hepatitis C virus. Recombinant viruses exhibited replication kinetics similar to those of the parental strain, and characterization of RNA species after several passages revealed that foreign inserts had the same genetic stability as the BVDV 3'NTR. The generation of such BVDV recombinants is relevant for several applications.
Functional Scan Chain Design at RTL for Skewed-Load Delay Fault Testing (2005)

This paper introduces a new method to construct functional scan chains at the register-transfer level aimed at increasing the delay fault coverage when using the skewed-load test application strategy. It is shown how by consciously creating scan paths prior to logic synthesis, both the transition delay fault coverage and circuit speed can be improved.
Binding of low density lipoproteins by proteoglycans synthesized by proliferating and quiescent human arterial smooth muscle cells (1993)

Chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans secreted by arterial intima smooth muscle cells appear involved in low density lipoprotein entrapment and modification. Hypothetically, such a process may contribute to atherogenesis. We compared composition and size of those proteoglycans synthesized by proliferating and resting human arterial smooth muscle cells for which low density lipoprotein had affinity. Lipoprotein-binding proteoglycans secreted by proliferating cells were larger than those of resting cells (M(r) = 1.1 x 10(6) versus 0.8 x 10(6). This was primarily caused by increased M(r) of the chondroitin sulfate chains (6 x 10(4) versus 3.5 x 10(4)). The glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycans from both cells were made of more than 90% chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate in a 6:4 ratio. Affinity chromatography indicated that low density lipoprotein had a higher affinity with the proteoglycans synthesized by proliferating cells than those from resting cells. Measured with gel mobility shift assay, the apparent affinity constant of low density lipoproteins for proteoglycans from proliferating cells was 3-fold higher than that for proteoglycans from resting cells. This increased affinity appeared related to the higher relative proportion of proteoglycans with longer glycosaminoglycan chains secreted by the proliferating cells than those secreted by the resting cells.
Stabilization of electrostatically actuated mechanical devices (2002)

We show that the pull-in instability, which significantly limits the operation of electrostatically actuated devices, can be avoided by the simple addition of a series capacitance.
Selected Soybean Plant Introductions with Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2002)

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major soybean (Glycine max) disease in north-central regions of the United States and throughout the world. Current sources of resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot express partial resistance, and are limited in number within soybean germ plasm. A total of 6,520 maturity group (MG) 0 to IV plant introductions (PIs) were evaluated for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in the United States and Canada in small plots or in the greenhouse from 1995 to 1997. Selected PIs with the most resistance were evaluated for resistance in the United States and Canada in replicated large plots from 1998 to 2000. The PIs in the MG I to III tests in Urbana, IL were evaluated for agronomic traits from 1998 to 2000. The selected PIs also were evaluated with an excised leaf inoculation and petiole inoculation technique. After the 1995 to 1997 evaluations, all but 68 PIs were eliminated because of their susceptibility to Sclerotinia stem rot. In field tests in Urbana, higher disease severity in selected MG I to III PIs was significantly (P< 0.05) associated with taller plant heights and greater canopy closure. All other agronomic traits evaluated were not associated or were inconsistently associated with disease severity. MG I to III PIs 153.282, 189.931, 196.157, 398.637, 417.201, 423.818, and 561.331 had high levels of resistance and had canopies similar to the resistant checks. The resistance ratings from the petiole inoculation technique had a high and significant (P< 0.01) correlation with disease severity in the MG I and II field tests. The partially resistant PIs identified in this study can be valuable in incorporating Sclerotinia stem rot resistance into elite germ plasm.
VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is downregulated after treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta (1997)

Adhesion molecules are likely to play a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The interaction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with its lymphocyte ligand very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) may mediate migration of lymphocytes into the CNS. We have previously demonstrated that MS patients treated with interferon beta (IFN-beta) have a significant increase in soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) soon after the initiation of treatment, and this effect correlated with the resolution of contrast-enhancing MRI lesions. We studied the cell surface expression of VLA-4 by flow cytometry in 10 MS patients before and during IFN-beta treatment. We found a significant decrease in mean VLA-4 fluorescence of MS patients' lymphocytes on treatment and no change in untreated controls. In vitro treatment of lymphocytes with IFN-beta did not reproduce this effect, but the addition of sVCAM-1 did result in a decrease in VLA-4 expression. These data indicate that the previously identified increase in sVCAM-1 may lead to a decrease in VLA-4 expression and that this effect may partially explain the mechanism of action of IFN-beta.
A synthetic lethal screen identifies ATR-inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for POLD1-deficient cancers (2016)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase ATR represents a central checkpoint regulator and mediator of DNA-repair. Its inhibition selectively eliminates certain subsets of cancer cells in various tumor types, but the underlying genetic determinants remain enigmatic. Here, we applied a synthetic lethal screen directed against 288 DNA-repair genes using the well-defined ATR knock-in model of DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to identify potential DNA-repair defects mediating these effects. We identified a set of DNA-repair proteins, whose knockdown selectively killed ATR-deficient cancer cells. From this set, we further investigated the profound synthetic lethal interaction between ATR and POLD1. ATR-dependent POLD1 knockdown-induced cell killing was reproducible pharmacologically in POLD1-depleted DLD1 cells and a panel of other colorectal cancer cell lines by using chemical inhibitors of ATR or its major effector kinase CHK1. Mechanistically, POLD1 depletion in ATR-deficient cells caused caspase-dependent apoptosis without preceding cell cycle arrest and increased DNA-damage along with impaired DNA-repair. Our data could have clinical implications regarding tumor genotype-based cancer therapy, as inactivating POLD1 mutations have recently been identified in small subsets of colorectal and endometrial cancers. POLD1 deficiency might thus represent a predictive marker for treatment response towards ATR- or CHK1-inhibitors that are currently tested in clinical trials.
Synthesis and processing of alpha-galactosidase A in human fibroblasts. Evidence for different mutations in Fabry disease. (1987)

The synthesis and processing of the human lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A was examined in normal and Fabry fibroblasts. In normal cells, alpha-galactosidase A was synthesized as an Mr = 50,500 precursor, which contained phosphate groups in oligosaccharide chains cleavable by endoglucosaminidase H. The precursor was processed via ill-defined intermediates to a mature Mr 46,000 form. Processing was complete within 3-7 days after synthesis. In the presence of NH4Cl and in I-cell fibroblasts, the majority of newly synthesized alpha-galactosidase A was secreted as an Mr = 52,000 form. For comparison, the processing and stability of alpha-galactosidase A were examined in fibroblasts from five unrelated patients with Fabry disease, which is caused by deficient alpha-galactosidase A activity. In one cell line, synthesis of immunologically cross-reacting polypeptides was not detectable. In another, the synthesis, processing, and stability of alpha-galactosidase A was indistinguishable from that in normal fibroblasts. In a third Fabry cell line, the mutation retarded the maturation of alpha-galactosidase A. Finally, in two cell lines, alpha-galactosidase A polypeptides were synthesized that were rapidly degraded following delivery to lysosomes. These results clearly indicate that Fabry disease comprises a heterogeneous group of mutations affecting synthesis, processing, and stability of alpha-galactosidase A.
Antigen receptor loci poised for V(D)J rearrangement are broadly associated with BRG1 and flanked by peaks of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 (2003)

In the earliest stages of antigen receptor assembly, D and J segments of the Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor beta loci are recombined in B and T cells, respectively, whereas the V segments are not. Distinct distribution patterns of various histone modifications and the nucleosome-remodeling factor BRG1 are found at "active" (DJ) and "inactive" (V) regions. Striking "hotspots" of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 (di-Me H3-K4) are localized at the ends of the active DJ domains of both the Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor beta loci. BRG1 is not localized to specific sequences, as it is with transcriptional initiation, but rather associates with the entire active locus in a pattern that mirrors acetylation of histone H3. Within some inactive loci marked by H3-K9 dimethylation, two distinct levels of methylation are found in a nonrandom gene-segment-specific pattern. We suggest that the hotspots of di-Me H3-K4 are important marks for locus accessibility. The specific patterns of modification imply that the regulation of V(D)J recombination involves recruitment of specific methyltransferases in a localized manner.
Production of glycolipid affinity matrices by use of heterobifunctional crosslinking agents. (1984)

Photoactivatable heterobifunctional crosslinking agents have been used to prepare glycolipid affinity matrices by nitrene insertion into adsorbed ligand. High degrees of covalent coupling have been obtained and the method has been used to purify antisulfoglycolipid antibodies from immune serum.
Cellular Responses to Protein Accumulation Involve Autophagy and Lysosomal Enzyme Activation (2005)

Protein oligomerization and aggregation are key events in age-related neurodegenerative disorders, causing neuronal disturbances including microtubule destabilization, transport failure and loss of synaptic integrity that precede cell death. The abnormal buildup of proteins can overload digestive systems and this, in turn, activates lysosomes in different disease states and stimulates the inducible class of lysosomal protein degradation, macroautophagy. These responses were studied in a hippocampal slice model well known for amyloidogenic species, tau aggregates, and ubiquitinated proteins in response to chloroquine-mediated disruption of degradative processes. Chloroquine was found to cause a pronounced appearance of prelysosomal autophagic vacuoles in pyramidal neurons. The vacuoles and dense bodies were concentrated in the basal pole of neurons and in dystrophic neurites. In hippocampal slice cultures treated with Abeta(142), ultrastructural changes were also induced. Autophagic responses may be an attempt to compensate for protein accumulation, however, they were not sufficient to prevent axonopathy indicated by swellings, transport deficits, and reduced expression of synaptic components. Additional chloroquine effects included activation of cathepsin D and other lysosomal hydrolases. Abeta(142) produced similar lysosomal activation, and the effects of Abeta(142) and chloroquine were not additive, suggesting a common mechanism. Activated levels of cathepsin D were enhanced with the lysosomal modulator Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone (PADK). PADK-mediated lysosomal enhancement corresponded with the restoration of synaptic markers, in association with stabilization of microtubules and transport capability. To show that PADK can modulate the lysosomal system in vivo, IP injections were administered over a 5-day period, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in lysosomal hydrolases. The findings indicate that degradative responses can be modulated to promote synaptic maintenance.
Global convergence of fractionally spaced Godard (CMA) adaptive equalizers (1996)

The Godard (1980) or constant modulus algorithm (CMA) equalizer is perhaps the best known and the most popular scheme for blind adaptive channel equalization. Most published works on blind equalization convergence analysis are confined to T-spaced equalizers with real-valued inputs. The common belief is that analysis of fractionally spaced equalizers (FSEss) with complex inputs is a straightforward extension with similar results. This belief is, in fact, untrue. We present a convergence analysis of Godard/CMA FSEs that proves the important advantages provided by the FSE structure. We show that an FSE allows the exploitation of the channel diversity that supports two important conclusions of great practical significance: (1) a finite-length channel satisfying a length-and-zero condition allows Godard/CMA FSE to be globally convergent, and (2) the linear FSE filter length need not be longer than the channel delay spread. Computer simulation demonstrates the performance improvement provided by the adaptive Godard FSE.
CD4 antibody therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1990)

The emergence of monoclonal antibody technology has fostered new therapeutic strategies for people with autoimmune diseases. One of the most promising of these strategies involves the use of CD4 monoclonal antibodies, which are effective in animal models for systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. The appeal of CD4 antibodies is enhanced by several factors: (1) their effectiveness does not depend on depletion of target cells; (2) they may block the host immune response to therapy, and (3) they have been well-tolerated in preliminary human trials. The principal obstacle to the use of CD4 monoclonal antibodies stems from their adverse effects on normal immune function.
New Techniques to Reject DC-Link Voltage Ripple in PWM Inverters (1991)

In this paper several new techniques to reject dc-link voltage ripple in PWM inverters are examined in detail. It is demonstrated how continuous elimination of harmonics is achieved at the inverter output while simultaneously rejecting the dc-link voltage ripple. Thus with the proposed techniques it is possible to guarantee high quality inverter output voltage even with substantial low frequency voltage ripple on the dc-link. A thorough modeling of these techniques along with the tradeoffs involved in acquiring the immunity to dc-link ripple is illustrated in detail. Potential applications of these techniques are in fixed and variable frequency inverters for power supplies and ac motor drives which experience voltage ripple in the dc-link such as when fed from a weak ac system which is frequently unbalanced. Suitable design equations along with a digital implementation procedure of the proposed technique is described in detail. Finally, selected results are verified experimentally on a laboratory inverter.
Prefix Hash Tree: An Indexing Data Structure over Distributed Hash Tables (2004)

Distributed Hash Tables are scalable, robust, and self-organizing peer-to-peer systems that support exact match lookups. This paper describes the design and implementation of a Prefix Hash Tree - a distributed data structure that enables more sophisticated queries over a DHT. The Prefix Hash Tree uses the lookup interface of a DHT to construct a trie-based structure that is both e#cient (updates are doubly logarithmic in the size of the domain being indexed), and resilient (the failure of any given node in the Prefix Hash Tree does not a#ect the availability of data stored at other nodes).
Extracellular recombinant protein production from an Escherichia coli lpp deletion mutant (2008)

E. coli is one of the most commonly used host strains for recombinant protein production. However, recombinant proteins are usually found intracellularly, in either cytoplasm or periplasmic space. Inadequate secretion to the extracellular environment is one of its limitations. This study addresses the outer membrane barrier for the translocation of recombinant protein directed to the periplasmic space. Specifically, using recombinant maltose binding protein (MalE), xylanase, and cellulase as model proteins, we investigated whether the lpp deletion could render the outer membrane permeable enough to allow extracellular protein production. In each case, significantly higher excretion of recombinant protein was observed with the lpp deletion mutant. Up to 90% of the recombinant xylanase activity and 70% of recombinant cellulase activity were found in the culture medium with the deletion mutant, whereas only 40-50% of the xylanase and cellulase activities were extracellular for the control strain. Despite the weakened outer membrane in the mutant strain, cell lysis did not occur, and increased excretion of periplasmic protein was not due to cell lysis. The lpp deletion is a simple method to generate an E. coli strain to effect significant extracellular protein production. The phenotype of extracellular protein production without cell lysis is useful in many biotechnological applications, such as bioremediation and plant biomass conversion.