gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus-induced DNA polymerase (1979)

The addition of iododeoxyuridine to P3HR-I cell cultures led to a large increase in both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced DNA polymerase activity and early antigen-positive cells. This EBV-induced DNA polymerase was separated from the cellular alpha- and beta-polymerases by sequential column chromatography on Sepharose 6B, DEAE-cellulose, and phosphocellulose, resulting in partial purification of about 320-fold. The partially purified-EBV DNA polymerase could be distinguished from the cellular DNA polymerases by its activation by salts, its catalytic properties, and its degree of sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide, phosphonoacetic acid, araATP, and araCTP. The viral polymerase showed properteis similar to those reported for other herpesvirus DNA polymerases. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity for copying activated calf DNA in the presence of 50 mH (NH4)2SO4 and was resistant to 150 mM (NH4)2SO4. It utilized with high efficiency template-primer poly(dC)-oligo(dG)12-18 or poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18, but failed to copy poly(rA)-oligo(dT)10 and oligo(dT)10, indicating that this enzyme has characters distinct from DNA polymerase gamma, reverse transcriptase, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Phosphonacetic acid inhibited not only EBV DNA polymerase, but also, to a lesser degree, the cellular polymerase alpha. AraATP did not severely inhibit viral activity, whereas the polymerase alpha was inhibited most effectively. Both EBV polymerase and polymerase alpha were inhibited at a comparable level by araCTP.
Optimal filtering and robust fault diagnosisofstochastic systems with unknown disturbances (1996)

The paper studies the optimal filtering and robust fault diagnosis problems for stochastic systems with unknown disturbances. An optimal observer is proposed, which can produce disturbance decoupled state estimation with minimum variance for time varying systems with both noise and unknown disturbances. The existence conditions and the observer design procedure are presented. The output estimation error with disturbance decoupling and minimum variance properties is used as a residual signal. A statistical testing procedure is applied to examine the residual and is used to diagnose faults. The method developed is applied to an illustrative example, and simulation results show that the optimal observer can give good state estimation; the fault detection approach taken is able to detect faults reliably in the presence of both modelling errors and noise.
Theoretical Studies of the Isotropic-Nematic Interface (1991)

Abstract We discuss phenomenological and molecular theoretical approaches to the thermodynamics of isotropicnematic interfaces. Traditional square-gradient theories are inconsistent with the observed anisotropy of the isotropic-nematic surface tension unless the liquid crystal molecules possess up-down symmetry which they manifest as interfacial polar order. Using the Onsager functional for the nonideal free energy of hard spherocylinders, we show that for short spherocylinders, the fourth and higher-order terms in the gradient expansion of the order parameter profiles may also account for the anisotropy of the surface tension. However, these terms have a negligible effect on the isotropic-nematic interfaces of very long spherocylinders to which the Onsager approximation applies asymptotically. Key Words: interfacesurface tensiontilt anglenematic ordering
Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyimide, poly(benzoxazole imide), and poly(benzoxazole amide imide) (2009)

Abstract Two series of heterocyclic aromatic polymers were synthesized from 4,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthaltic anhydride) and 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride by two‐step method. The inherent viscosities were in the range of 24–45 cm 3 /g. The effects of the rigid benzoxazole group in the backbone of copolymer on the thermal, mechanical, and physical properties were investigated. These polymers exhibit good thermal stability. The temperatures of 5% weight loss ( T 5 ) of these polymers are in the range of 403–530°C in air and 425–539°C in nitrogen. The chard yields of these polymers are in the range of 15–24% in air and 54–61% in nitrogen. These polymers also have high glass‐transition temperatures and a low coefficient of thermal expansion and good mechanical properties. The poly(benzoxazol imide) has a higher tensile strength and modulus than those of neat polyimide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Expression cloning of a high-affinity melatonin receptor from Xenopus dermal melanophores. (1994)

Using an expression cloning strategy, a high-affinity melatonin receptor cDNA has been isolated from Xenopus laevis dermal melanophores. Transient expression of the cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in high-affinity 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding (Kd = 6.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-11) M). In addition, six ligands exhibited a rank order of inhibition of specific 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding that was identical to that reported for endogenous high-affinity receptors. Functional studies of CHO cells stably expressing the receptor cDNA showed that melatonin acting through the cloned receptor inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis showed that melatonin receptor transcripts are moderately expressed in Xenopus dermal melanophores. The cDNA encodes a protein of 420 amino acids, which contains seven hydrophobic segments. Structural analysis revealed that the receptor protein is a newly discovered member of the guanine nucleotide binding protein-coupled receptor family.
Human colorectal cancers display abnormal Fourier-transform infrared spectra. (1990)

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to the study of tissue sections of human colorectal cancer. Pairs of tissue samples from colorectal cancer and histologically normal mucosa 5-10 cm away from the tumor were obtained from 11 patients who underwent partial colectomy. All cancer specimens displayed abnormal spectra compared with the corresponding normal tissues. These changes involved the phosphate and C-O stretching bands, the CH stretch region, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 bending and C = O stretching modes. Our findings indicate that in colonic malignant tissue, there are changes in the degree of hydrogen-bonding of (i) oxygen atoms of the backbone of nucleic acids (increased); (ii) OH groups of serine, tyrosine, and threonine residues (any or all of them) of cell proteins (decreased); and (iii) the C = O groups of the acyl chains of membrane lipids (increased). In addition, they indicate changes in the structure of proteins and membrane lipids (as judged by the changes in their ratio of methyl to methylene groups) and in the packing and the conformational structure of the methylene chains of membrane lipids. The cell(s) of the malignant colon tissues responsible for these spectral abnormalities is unknown. Cultured colon adenocarcinoma cell lines displayed similarly abnormal FT-IR spectra. The diagnostic potential of the observed changes is discussed.
Interferon-induced surface alterations in hairy cells. A review. (1988)

Hairy cells (HCs), derived from the peripheral blood and spleen of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients, constantly displayed both ruffles and microvilli. HCs which were kept in culture for up to three days exhibited extremely polarized and active surfaces with elongated microvilli and exaggerated "spiked" ruffles. Cells derived from 11 cases of HCL were treated with alpha-interferon (IFN) in-vitro and examined by immuno-scanning electron microscopy (immuno-SEM). In 8 cases, up to one-third of the IFN-treated hairy cells displayed deformed surfaces with "bubbling" membrane and markedly villous bud-like formations. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), used in conjunction with immuno-gold labeling, facilitated better correlation between these morphological changes and the immunological profiles of the cells before and after interferon treatment in-vitro. Immuno-SEM analyses revealed no remarkable changes in the labeling of HCs with Leu-14 and Leu-M5 MoAbs before and after IFN treatment, even in cases showing membrane changes. However, a significant increase in the labeling intensity for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ was noticed in HCs from cases where IFN-induced membrane changes were evident. A review of the literature on membrane changes in IFN-treated cells proposes that such immuno-ultrastructural alterations might reflect unique interferon-induced membrane reorganization in the target malignant cells.
Isolation and characterization of the sucrose esters of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leaf (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and characterization of the sucrose esters of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leafR. F. Severson, R. F. Arrendale, O. T. Chortyk, C. R. Green, F. A. Thome, J. L. Stewart, and A. W. JohnsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 5, 870–875Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00065a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00065a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views467Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On‐Chip Photonic Memory Elements Employing Phase‐Change Materials (2013)

Phase-change materials integrated into nanophotonic circuits provide a flexible way to realize tunable optical components. Relying on the enormous refractive-index contrast between the amorphous and crystalline states, such materials are promising candidates for on-chip photonic memories. Nonvolatile memory operation employing arrays of microring resonators is demonstrated as a route toward all-photonic chipscale information processing.
Caracterización de la proteína microtubular de diferentes helmintos parásitos. Sus implicancias en el modo de acción de los benzimidazoles antihelmínticos (2007)

Los antihelmínticos benzimidazoles (BZD) desestabilizan el equilibrio tubulina-microtúbulo originando en el parásito una pérdida de la homeostasis celular, desprendimiento y muerte. Su baja toxicidad se explica por una mayor afinidad por la tubulina del parásito, especialmente en cestodes y nematodes, comparada con la observada para tubulina de mamífero. Al ser tubulina una proteína altamente conservada en la escala zoológica se hace necesario investigar las probables causas de esa diferente afinidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar ciertas características moleculares de tubulina de trematodes (Fasciola hepatica), cestodes (Moniezia expansa), nematodes (Ascaris suum) y tubulina purificada de cerebro de rata. Se utilizaron técnicas electroforéticas (PAGE) e inmunoquímicas con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos dirigidos contra a y b tubulina. Los resultados demostraron que aunque en diferente cuantía mientras que fue factible la detección de las diferentes tubulinas en mamíferos, cestodes y nematodes, en ninguno de los casos se detectó la tubulina de F. hepatica. Esto tiene implicancias directas en el entendimiento de las diferentes susceptibilidades de cada especie a estos fármacos, lo cual puede ser un primer paso hacia la comprensión de la actividad farmacológica de estas drogas.
CD4 Binding Site Antibodies Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein Interaction with CCR5 (2002)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior glycoprotein is conformationally flexible. Upon binding the host cell receptor, CD4, gp120 assumes a conformation that is able to bind the chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4, which act as coreceptors for the virus. CD4-binding-site (CD4BS) antibodies are neutralizing antibodies elicited during natural infection that are directed against gp120 epitopes that overlap the binding site for CD4. Recent studies (S. H. Xiang et al., J. Virol. 76:9888-9899, 2002) suggest that CD4BS antibodies recognize conformations of gp120 distinct from the CD4-bound conformation. This predicts that the binding of CD4BS antibodies will inhibit chemokine receptor binding. Here, we show that Fab fragments and complete immunoglobulin molecules of CD4BS antibodies inhibit CD4-independent gp120 binding to CCR5 and cell-cell fusion mediated by CD4-independent HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. These results are consistent with a model in which the binding of CD4BS antibodies limits the ability of gp120 to assume a conformation required for coreceptor binding.
Higher-order mode suppression in chalcogenide negative curvature fibers (2015)

We find conditions for suppression of higher-order core modes in chalcogenide negative curvature fibers with an air core. An avoided crossing between the higher-order core modes and the fundamental modes in the tubes surrounding the core can be used to resonantly couple these modes, so that the higher-order core modes become lossy. In the parameter range of the avoided crossing, the higher-order core modes become hybrid modes that reside partly in the core and partly in the tubes. The loss ratio of the higher-order core modes to the fundamental core mode can be more than 50, while the leakage loss of the fundamental core mode is under 0.4 dB/m. We show that this loss ratio is almost unchanged when the core diameter changes and so will remain large in the presence of fluctuations that are due to the fiber drawing process.
Inhalation Aerosols (2006)

Aerodynamic Behavior Deposition Mechanics of Pharmaceutical Particles in Human Airways, Ted Martonen and Yadong Yang Thermodynamics of Inhaled Hygroscopic Drugs, Ted Martonen and Ira Katz Use of Mathematical Aerosol Deposition Models in Predicting the Distribution of Inhaled Therapeutic Aerosols, David L. Swift Biological Considerations Physiology and Pharmacology of the Airways, Ralph J. Altiere and David C. Thompson Solute Transport Following Aerosol Deposition in the Lungs, Richard M. Effros Drug Metabolism and Enzyme Kinetics in the Lung, Joseph K. H. Ma, Meenakshi Bhat, and Yongyut Rojanasakul Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Drugs, Akwete L. Adjei, Yihong Qiu, and Pramod K. Gupta Therapeutic Uses of Lung Aerosols, Steven J. Smith and Jonathan A. Bernstein Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Atomization and Nebulizers, Ralph W. Niven Ultrasonic and Electrohydrodynamic Methods for Aerosol Generation, Bernard J. Greenspan Spray-Drying and Supercritical Fluid Particle Generation Techniques, Mark Sacchetti and Michiel M. Van Oort Interfacial Phenomena and Phase Behavior in Metered Dose Inhaler Formulation, Keith A. Johnson Aerosol Generation from Propellant-Driven Metered Dose Inhalers, Anthony J. Hickey and Richard M. Evans Medical Devices for the Delivery of Therapeutic Aerosols to the Lungs, Richard N. Dalby, Susan L. Tiano and Anthony J. Hickey
Established immunity precludes adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in rat carotid arteries. Potential for immunosuppression and vector engineering to overcome barriers of immunity. (1997)

Preclinical arterial gene transfer studies with adenoviral vectors are typically performed in laboratory animals that lack immunity to adenovirus. However, human patients are likely to have prior exposures to adenovirus that might affect: (a) the success of arterial gene transfer; (b) the duration of recombinant gene expression; and (c) the likelihood of a destructive immune response to transduced cells. We confirmed a high prevalence (57%) in adult humans of neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus type 5. We then used a rat model to establish a central role for the immune system in determining the success as well as the duration of recombinant gene expression after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into isolated arterial segments. Vector-mediated recombinant gene expression, which was successful in naive rats and prolonged by immunosuppression, was unsuccessful in the presence of established immunity to adenovirus. 4 d of immunosuppressive therapy permitted arterial gene transfer and expression in immune rats, but at decreased levels. Ultraviolet-irradiated adenoviral vectors, which mimic advanced-generation vectors (reduced viral gene expression and relatively preserved capsid function), were less immunogenic than were nonirradiated vectors. A primary exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated (but not nonirradiated) vectors permitted expression of a recombinant gene after redelivery of the same vector. In conclusion, arterial gene transfer with current type 5 adenoviral vectors is unlikely to result in significant levels of gene expression in the majority of humans. Both immunosuppression and further engineering of the vector genome to decrease expression of viral genes show promise in circumventing barriers to adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer.
Gene expression profiling reveals molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme (2005)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability, and unpredictable clinical behavior. We investigated global gene expression in surgical samples of brain tumors. Gene expression profiling revealed large differences between normal brain samples and tumor tissues and between GBMs and lower-grade oligodendroglial tumors. Extensive differences in gene expression were found among GBMs, particularly in genes involved in angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We found that the gene expression patterns in paired specimens from the same GBM invariably were more closely related to each other than to any other tumor, even when the paired specimens had strikingly divergent histologies. Survival analyses revealed a set of approximately 70 genes more highly expressed in rapidly progressing tumors that stratified GBMs into two groups that differed by >4-fold in median duration of survival. We further investigated one gene from the group, FABP7, and confirmed its association with survival in two unrelated cohorts totaling 105 patients. Expression of FABP7 enhanced the motility of glioma-derived cells in vitro. Our analyses thus identify and validate a prognostic marker of both biologic and clinical significance and provide a series of putative markers for additional evaluation.
Bioluminometric Method for Real-Time Detection of Reverse Transcriptase Activity (1998)

A simple and sensitive technique for detection of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in real time has been developed. The technique is based on continuous detection of the inorganic pyrophosphate formed in the RT-catalyzed reaction by a luminometric method. The technique has been used for continuous monitoring of RT-catalyzed DNA synthesis on both homo- and heteropolymeric templates. The assay is sensitive and yields linear responses between 1.5-960 mU of avian myeloblastosis virus RT (AMV-RT). The assay was used for detection of the inhibitory effect of dideoxythymidine (ddTTP) on the AMV-RT activity and also for real-time detection of single-base incorporation events catalyzed by AMV-RT. The possibility of using the new technique for other applications is discussed.
CGRP (2011)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasodilator neuropeptide that is expressed in a subgroup of small neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), trigeminal, and vagal ganglia, which respond to noxious, thermal, or visceral input. These peptidergic neurons use l-glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter and project to the dorsal horn, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, or nucleus of the solitary tract. CGRP, acting via a unique receptor complex, increases neurotransmitter release and neuronal responsiveness to noxious stimulation at all these levels, which leads to central sensitization underlying chronic pain states. CGRP can also be released antidromically in the periphery, eliciting vasodilation as a component of neurogenic inflammation. CGRP-containing pathways from the parabrachial nuclear complex (PBN) and posterior thalamus convey nociceptive and visceral sensation to the amygdala and the insular cortex. CGRP may be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Involvement of CGRP in migraine headache has led to the development of CGRP antagonists for treatment of this disorder. There are several reviews on these topics.1,–,11

CGRP is a 37–amino acid peptide that is a member of the calcitonin family, which also includes calcitonin, amylin, and adrenomedullin. CGRP exists in 2 distinct isoforms: CGRPα (CGRP1), which is the product of alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene in neurons, and CGRPβ (CGRP2), which is encoded by a separate gene.1 These 2 CGRP peptides differ from each other by 3 amino acids and have so far proved to be indistinguishable in their biological activities. CGRP is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems1,12,–,15 and frequently coexists and interacts with other neurotransmitters.1 This review focuses on the distribution and functions of CGRP as a sensory neurotransmitter.

### CGRP as neurotransmitter in primary afferents.

CGRP is expressed in a subset of small neurons in …
Long-Term Follow-Up of Colonoscopic Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection (2012)

FMT is a rational, durable, safe, and acceptable treatment option for patients with recurrent CDI.
Common protective antigens of group A streptococcal M proteins masked by fibrinogen. (1984)

The influence of fibrinogen on the opsonization of Group A streptococci by type-specific and cross-reactive anti-M protein antisera was investigated. As previously reported for type 24 streptococci, fibrinogen inhibited the complement-mediated opsonization of types 5, 6, and 19 organisms. Rabbit antisera against large peptide fragments of purified homologous M proteins (pep M proteins) overcame the anti-opsonic effect of fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of optimal amounts of antibody, bacterial uptake by PMN was equal in serum and plasma, and greater than could be obtained in serum in the absence of antibody. Polyclonal anti-pep M sera contained antibodies directed against fibrinogen-binding as well as fibrinogen-nonbinding sites or regions of the M protein molecule. Three cross-reactive anti-pep M sera included antibodies directed against fibrinogen binding sites or regions of the cross-reacting M proteins. In the two sera studied in detail, these antibodies accounted for a large part of the cross-reacting anti-M antibody present in the sera. We suggest that fibrinogen binding sites on different serotypes of M protein may be structurally and therefore antigenically similar. Conservation of fibrinogen binding sites on M proteins may be related to their protective anti-opsonic function.