gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organogel Electrolytes Based on a Low Molecular Weight Gelator:  2,3-Bis(n-decyloxy)anthracene (2000)

Since 2,3-bis(n-decyloxy)anthracene (DDOA) is a good gelling agent for a large number of solvents including propylene carbonate (PC), the electrochemical properties of organogel electrolytes based on DDOA have been investigated. The presence of tetraalkylammonium salts in DDOA/PC gels is shown to preserve the three-dimensional network of DDOA fibers. In addition, at a given temperature, the conductivity is practically the same in the gel as in the corresponding solution with or without DDOA. The gelation temperature, Tgel, is slightly affected by the presence and nature of the salt. Thus, at 1M salt concentration, Tgel is increased by 9 °C with Et4NBF4 and decreased by 7 °C with Bu4NBF4, presumably because of a surfactant effect of the Bu4N+ cation. The electrochemical stability window of the liquid electrolyte is limited by the stability of DDOA, which displays the typical redox behavior of anthracene. However, in the gel state, DDOA is apparently protected within the fibers and the electrochemical stability extends up to 3 V. The performances of a DDOA gel electrolyte have been tested in a carbon double-layer capacitor.
The multi-principal OS construction of the gazelle web browser (2009)

Original web browsers were applications designed to view static web content. As web sites evolved into dynamic web applications that compose content from multiple web sites, browsers have become multi-principal operating environments with resources shared among mutually distrusting web site principals. Nevertheless, no existing browsers, including new architectures like IE 8, Google Chrome, and OP, have a multi-principal operating system construction that gives a browser-based OS the exclusive control to manage the protection of all system resources among web site principals. In this paper, we introduce Gazelle, a secure web browser constructed as a multi-principal OS. Gazelle’s browser kernel is an operating system that exclusively manages resource protection and sharing across web site principals. This construction exposes intricate design issues that no previous work has identified, such as crossprotection-domain display and events protection. We elaborate on these issues and provide comprehensive solutions. Our prototype implementation and evaluation experience indicates that it is realistic to turn an existing browser into a multi-principal OS that yields significantly stronger security and robustness with acceptable performance. 1
Molecular cloning and functional expression in yeast of a human cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase subtype (PDE IV‐C) (1995)

We have recently reported increased survival of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons by inhibition of phosphodiesterase type IV enzymes. As a first step to unravel the involvement of PDE IV subtypes in this process, we isolated phosphodiesterase type IV cDNAs from human substantia nigra. One isolated partial cDNA clone was most homologous to the partially cloned rat and human PDE IV-C isogene. Distribution analysis revealed that the enzyme is expressed in various tissues but not in cells of the immune system. Isolation of the full-length human PDE IV-C isogene cDNA and expression in a PDE-deficient yeast strain resulted in functional complementation of the yeast heat shock response. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity by rolipram characterized this enzyme as a typical type IV phosphodiesterase.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Centimeter scale aligned carbon nanotube arrays are grown from nanoparticle/metal catalyst pads. We find the nanotubes grow both with and against the wind. A metal underlayer provides in-situ electrical contact to these long nanotubes with no post growth processing needed. Using the electrically contacted nanotubes, we study electrical transport of 0.4 cm long nanotubes. The source drain I-V curves are quantitatively described by a classical, diffusive model. Our measurements show that the outstanding transport properties of nanotubes can be extended to the cm scale and open the door to large scale integrated nanotube circuits with macroscopic dimensions.
Workplace law: Coalition workplace policy: Is the devil in the detail? (2013)

What would a Coalition Government have in store for the Australian workplace? Clayton Payne and Kara Reynolds review the recently released Coalition workplace relations policy.
Keepin' it real (2006)

We explore making virtual desktops behave in a more physically realistic manner by adding physics simulation and using piling instead of filing as the fundamental organizational structure. Objects can be casually dragged and tossed around, influenced by physical characteristics such as friction and mass, much like we would manipulate lightweight objects in the real world. We present a prototype, called BumpTop, that coherently integrates a variety of interaction and visualization techniques optimized for pen input we have developed to support this new style of desktop organization.
Biolistic Transformation of Cotton Zygotic Embryo Meristem (2012)

Biolistic transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) meristems, isolated from mature seed, is detailed in this report. A commercially available, helium-driven biolistic device (Bio-Rad PDS1000/He) was used to bombard gold particles coated with a marker gene (uidA or "β-glucuronidase") into the shoot meristem. The penetration of gold particles was dependent on bombardment parameters and it was mostly one to two cell layers deep. Stable transformation of epidermal L1 layer was consistently observed in approximately 5% of the seedlings. Germ line transformation was observed in up to 0.71% of bombarded meristems by several laboratories. Using this method identification of germ line transformation is laborious and time-consuming. However, the protocol described here represents a simple and efficient method for generating germ line transformation events. In addition, this procedure offers a quick method to evaluate gene constructs in cotton tissues (embryos, cotyledons, leaf), especially fibers which originate as single cells from the maternal epidermis layer.
The Role of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Pancreatic β-Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology (2006)

Voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are ubiquitously expressed in various cell types throughout the body. In principle, the molecular identity, biophysical profile, and pharmacological property of CaV channels are independent of the cell type where they reside, whereas these channels execute unique functions in different cell types, such as muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and hormone secretion. At least six CaValpha1 subunits, including CaV1.2, CaV1.3, CaV2.1, CaV2.2, CaV2.3, and CaV3.1, have been identified in pancreatic beta-cells. These pore-forming subunits complex with certain auxiliary subunits to conduct L-, P/Q-, N-, R-, and T-type CaV currents, respectively. beta-Cell CaV channels take center stage in insulin secretion and play an important role in beta-cell physiology and pathophysiology. CaV3 channels become expressed in diabetes-prone mouse beta-cells. Point mutation in the human CaV1.2 gene results in excessive insulin secretion. Trinucleotide expansion in the human CaV1.3 and CaV2.1 gene is revealed in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. beta-Cell CaV channels are regulated by a wide range of mechanisms, either shared by other cell types or specific to beta-cells, to always guarantee a satisfactory concentration of Ca2+. Inappropriate regulation of beta-cell CaV channels causes beta-cell dysfunction and even death manifested in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes current knowledge of CaV channels in beta-cell physiology and pathophysiology.
Innate Immune Recognition ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a major health problem, with 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense against M. tuberculosis, and the first step in this process is recognition of MTB by cells of the innate immune system. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Among the TLR family, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their adaptor molecule MyD88 play the most prominent roles in the initiation of the immune response against tuberculosis. In addition to TLRs, other PRRs such as NOD2, Dectin-1, Mannose receptor, and DC-SIGN are also involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis. Human epidemiological studies revealed that genetic variation in genes encoding for PRRs and downstream signaling products influence disease susceptibility, severity, and outcome. More insight into PRRs and the recognition of mycobacteria, combined with immunogenetic studies in TB patients, does not only lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis but also may contribute to the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations. (1987)

The common cold is the leading cause of doctor visits in the United States and annually results in 189 million lost school days. In the course of one year the U.S. population contracts approximately 1 billion colds. Influenza infection is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 20-25 million doctor visits and 36,000 deaths per year in the United States. Conventional therapies for colds and flu focus primarily on temporary symptom relief and include over-the-counter antipyretics, anti-inflammatories, and decongestants. Treatment for influenza also includes prescription antiviral agents and vaccines for prevention. This article reviews the common cold and influenza viruses, presents the conventional treatment options, and highlights select botanicals (Echinacea spp., Sambucus nigra, larch arabinogalactan, Astragalus membranaceous, Baptisia tinctoria, Allium sativa, Panax quinquefolium, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Andrographis paniculata, olive leaf extract, and Isatis tinctoria) and nutritional considerations (vitamins A and C, zinc, high lactoferrin whey protein, N-acetylcysteine, and DHEA) that may help in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composite Films for Thermal Management (2005)

An ideal composite film based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) array for thermal management applications is prepared using “in-situ injection molding”. The aligned CNTs with their tips protruding out of both surfaces form ideal thermal conducting paths between surfaces. Much better thermal conductivity improvements can be achieved at low CNT loadings compared with dispersed CNT composites.
Diagnosis, management and prevention of drug-induced liver injury (2009)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is increasingly being recognised as a significant cause of both acute and chronic liver disease. The most commonly implicated agents are paracetamol, antimicrobials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, isoniazid and herbal remedies. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is generally idiosyncratic in nature. The pathogenesis of DILI remains enigmatic, but involves exposure to the toxic agent, mitochondrial injury, failure of adaptation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Diagnosis of drug-induced liver diseases can be difficult, but the key to causality is to diligently exclude other causes of liver injury, and to identify a characteristic clinical drug-related signature. Management of drug-induced liver injury is symptomatic, with early referral to a liver transplant unit at the first hint of liver failure, especially in those with non-paracetamol-induced liver injury. Prevention of drug hepatotoxicity includes increased vigilance during pre-clinical drug development and clinical trials, alanine aminotransferase monitoring with certain drugs, better marketing strategies, and the future identification of both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Evolution of Floral Scent in Clarkia: Novel Patterns of S-Linalool Synthase Gene Expression in the C. breweri Flower (1996)

Natalia Dudareva, Leland Cseke, Victoria M. Blanc, Eran Pichersky, Evolution of Floral Scent in Clarkia: Novel Patterns of S-Linalool Synthase Gene Expression in the C. breweri Flower, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 7 (Jul., 1996), pp. 1137-1148
Monoclonal antibody treatment of colorectal cancer (1997)

Monoclonal antibody-based adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer appears to be effective; international multicentre trials continue. The development of new molecules, such as chimaeric antibodies, offers the potential of increased tumour targeting with reduced toxicity. Such molecules may be used alone or in combination with agents such as chemotherapy or cytokines.
Promoting Angiogenesis in Engineered Tissues (2001)

There is a tremendous need for organs and tissues to replace those lost due to diseases or trauma. In theory, transplanting cells on biomaterial matrices can create functional tissue. A critical question, however, is how to supply cells embedded within large cell-polymer constructs with sufficient oxygen and nutrients to sustain their survival and proliferation, and allow for the integration of the developing tissue with the surrounding tissue. A rapid and high level of vascularization of transplanted polymer-cell matrices is essential in tissue engineering approaches to meet these challenges. This review summarizes the current approaches and materials under development in our laboratory to promote angiogenesis in engineered tissues.
Crystal structure of bis(3,3′-bis(1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)- 2,2′-bipyridine)copper(II) diperchlorate monohydrate, [Cu(C28H24N6)2][ClO4]2 · H2O (2007)

Article Crystal structure of bis(3,3′-bis(1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)- 2,2′-bipyridine)copper(II) diperchlorate monohydrate, [Cu(C28H24N6)2][ClO4]2 · H2O was published on September 1, 2007 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 222, issue 3).
Human macrophages secret platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. (1990)

When monocytes mature to macrophages, their ability to accumulate the pro-inflammatory lipid autacoid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is markedly decreased (Elstad, M. R. Stafforini, D. M., McIntyre, T. M., Prescott, S. M., and Zimmerman, G. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8467-8470) in conjunction with a 260-fold increase in the activity of intracellular PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). We now demonstrate that macrophages also secrete PAF-AH and that the secreted enzyme is biochemically and immunologically identical to the human plasma PAF-AH. It is sensitive to the same active-site-directed inhibitors, has the same electrophoretic mobility, is associated with lipoprotein particles, and transfers between low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in a pH-dependent manner like the plasma PAF-AH. In addition, both activities hydrolyze oxidatively fragmented phospholipids and PAF. These data indicate that macrophages are a cellular source of the plasma PAF-AH. Thus, macrophages secrete an enzyme that inactivates lipid mediators at sites of inflammation and in plasma. These changes during the maturation of monocytes to macrophages may serve to limit the acute inflammatory response.
Fast and Furious: Real Time End-to-End 3D Detection, Tracking and Motion Forecasting with a Single Convolutional Net (2018)

In this paper we propose a novel deep neural network that is able to jointly reason about 3D detection, tracking and motion forecasting given data captured by a 3D sensor. By jointly reasoning about these tasks, our holistic approach is more robust to occlusion as well as sparse data at range. Our approach performs 3D convolutions across space and time over a bird's eye view representation of the 3D world, which is very efficient in terms of both memory and computation. Our experiments on a new very large scale dataset captured in several north american cities, show that we can outperform the state-of-the-art by a large margin. Importantly, by sharing computation we can perform all tasks in as little as 30 ms.
Comparative bioavailability of aspirin and paracetamol following single dose administration of soluble and plain tablets (1997)

In this study, the bioavailability of aspirin and paracetamol was compared in plain and soluble combination formulations in fasting, healthy volunteers. Blood samples were taken and Cmax, Tmax and AUC measured at various times following administration of single doses of the two formulations in 12 subjects. The rapidity of uptake of aspirin following administration of a soluble formulation suggests significant absorption from the stomach. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol derived from a soluble or plain formulation. A comparison of the uptake of aspirin from the soluble aspirin formulation with paracetamol from either plain or soluble tablets showed that aspirin entered the plasma and achieved peak levels significantly more quickly. However, the half life of paracetamol was significantly longer than that of aspirin. These findings suggest that onset of analgesia should be more rapid following dosing with soluble aspirin, a conclusion supported by comparative efficacy studies conducted with differing formulations of aspirin.
The existence of a growth‐specific DNA binding factor for the promoter region of mouse ST2 gene (1994)

A comparison of the 5'-flanking regions of human and mouse ST2 genes revealed the presence of two highly conserved DNA sequences. The promoter activity assay with a luciferase gene as a reporter showed that the deletion of the upstream conserved region diminished the transcriptional activity in growing BALB/c-3T3 cells. By electrophoretic mobility-shift analysis, the presence of a factor that binds to the positive regulatory region of the mouse ST2 gene was found in growing but not in quiescent BALB/c-3T3 cells. These results suggest the functional importance of this conserved region and the requirement of a binding factor for the expression of the ST2 gene.
The Poxvirus Protein A52R Targets Toll-like Receptor Signaling Complexes to Suppress Host Defense (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in the innate immune response to pathogens, in that they recognize and respond to pathogen associated molecular patterns, which leads to activation of intracellular signaling pathways and altered gene expression. Vaccinia virus (VV), the poxvirus used to vaccinate against smallpox, encodes proteins that antagonize important components of host antiviral defense. Here we show that the VV protein A52R blocks the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) by multiple TLRs, including TLR3, a recently identified receptor for viral RNA. A52R associates with both interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), two key proteins important in TLR signal transduction. Further, A52R could disrupt signaling complexes containing these proteins. A virus deletion mutant lacking the A52R gene was attenuated compared with wild-type and revertant controls in a murine intranasal model of infection. This study reveals a novel mechanism used by VV to suppress the host immunity. We demonstrate viral disabling of TLRs, providing further evidence for an important role for this family of receptors in the antiviral response.
Abstract 207: Dual targeting of DLL4 and VEGF signaling by a novel bispecific antibody inhibits tumor growth and reduces cancer stem cell frequency (2014)

Abstract Both Notch/Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways play a critical role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Due to differential regulatory effects of VEGF and DLL4 on the vasculature, inhibition of DLL4 or VEGF inhibits tumor growth by distinct mechanisms: anti-DLL4 treatment induces an abnormal increase of poorly perfused blood vessels, which results in a nonproductive angiogenesis unable to support tumor growth, whereas the anti-VEGF therapy significantly decreases vasculature reducing the blood supply to tumors. We have recently developed a high binding affinity bispecific monoclonal antibody that targets both human DLL4 and human VEGF. In vitro, this antibody exhibited nanomolar affinity to hVEGF and hDLL4, and reduced HUVEC proliferation induced by VEGF. The bispecific antibody demonstrated significant in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in various solid tumors, delayed tumor recurrence following termination of chemotherapy, and decreased the frequency of tumor initiating cells. Analysis of tumor vasculature after treatment with anti-DLL4/VEGF revealed inhibition of vascular gene expression and endothelial cell proliferation, indicating that the anti-VEGF effect on the vasculature is dominant over the anti-DLL4 effect. Notably, at doses where both anti-DLL4 and anti-VEGF alone produced suboptimal anti-tumor effect, dual targeting resulted in additive tumor growth inhibition. These results indicate that our bispecific anti-DLL4/VEGF is broadly efficacious and may be useful for treatment of a variety of solid tumors. Citation Format: Wan-Ching Yen, Fumiko Axelrod, Chris Bond, Jennifer Cain, Cecile Chartier, Marcus Fischer, Shirley Ma, Rene Meisner, Janak Raval, Jalpa Shah, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Timothy Hoey. Dual targeting of DLL4 and VEGF signaling by a novel bispecific antibody inhibits tumor growth and reduces cancer stem cell frequency. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 207. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-207
Healthy gut microflora and allergy: factors influencing development of the microbiota (1999)

In humans, microbial colonization of the intestine begins just after birth. However, development of the normal flora is a gradual process, which is initially determined by factors such as composition of the maternal gut microflora, environment and possibly also by genetic aspects. A number of variables, such as the degree of hygiene, mode of delivery, use of antibiotics or other medication and a need for nursing in incubators, can all have a substantial effect on microbial colonization and development. Current knowledge on the significance and impact of such alterations on the health of the infant is poor. However, the essential role of the gut microflora in the development of the gut immune system indicates that a close relationship between allergic sensitization and the development of the intestinal microflora may occur in infancy. Intestinal micro-organisms could down-regulate the allergic inflammation by counterbalancing type 2 T-helper cell responses and by enhancing antigen exclusion through an immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. The efficacy of probiotics (microbial food additions) in the management of food allergy has been demonstrated, and these data suggest that also prebiotics, food components that target certain indigenous gut bacteria, can possibly be used for this purpose. In conclusion, the developmental pattern of the normal gut microbiota in allergic infants poses an important research avenue, as the role of the gut microflora in the mechanisms of allergy, and thereby the possible targets for efficient bacteriotherapy, are currently undetermined.