gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing (2006)

The image quality of a two-photon microscope is often degraded by wavefront aberrations induced by the specimen. We demonstrate here that resolution and signal size in two-photon microcopy can be substantially improved, even in living biological specimens, by adaptive wavefront correction based on sensing the wavefront of coherence-gated backscattered light (coherence-gated wavefront sensing, CGWS) and wavefront control by a deformable mirror. A nearly diffraction-limited focus can be restored even for strong aberrations. CGWS-based wavefront correction should be applicable to samples with a wide range of scattering properties and it should be possible to perform real-time pixel-by-pixel correction even at fast scan speeds.
Cerebral resuscitation from cardiac arrest (1996)

In 1961, in Pittsburgh, PA, "cerebral" was added to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system (CPR --> CPCR). Cerebral recovery is dependent on arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation times, and numerous factors related to basic, advanced, and prolonged life support. Postischemic-anoxic encephalopathy (the cerebral postresuscitation disease or syndrome) is complex and multifactorial. The prevention or mitigation of this syndrome requires that there be development and trials of special, multifaceted, combination treatments. The selection of therapies to mitigate the postresuscitation syndrome should continue to be based on mechanistic rationale. Therapy based on a single mechanism, however, is unlikely to be maximally effective. For logistic reasons, the limit for neurologic recovery after 5 mins of arrest must be extended to achieve functionally and histologically normal human brains after 10 to 20 mins of circulatory arrest. This goal has been approached, but not quite reached. Treatment effects on process variables give clues, but long-term outcome evaluation is needed for documentation of efficacy and to improve clinical results. Goals have crystallized for clinically relevant cardiac arrest-intensive care outcome models in large animals. These studies are expensive, but essential, because positive treatment effects cannot always be confirmed in the rat forebrain ischemia model. Except for a still-elusive breakthrough effect, randomized clinical trials of CPCR are limited in their ability to statistically document the effectiveness of treatments found to be beneficial in controlled outcome models in large animals. Clinical studies of feasibility, side effects, and acceptability are essential. Hypertensive reperfusion overcomes multifocal no-reflow and improves outcome. Physical combination treatments, such as mild resuscitative (early postarrest) hypothermia (34 degrees C) plus cerebral blood flow promotion (e.g., with hypertension, hemodilution, and normocapnia), each having multiple beneficial effects, achieved complete functional and near-complete histologic recovery of the dog brain after 11 mins of normothermic, ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Calcium entry blockers appear promising as a treatment for postischemic-anoxic encephalopathy. However, the majority of single or multiple drug treatments explored so far have failed to improve neurologic outcome. Assembling and evaluating combination treatments in further animal studies and determining clinical feasibility inside and outside hospitals are challenges for the near future. Treatments without permanent beneficial effects may at least extend the therapeutic window. All of these investigations will require coordinated efforts by multiple research groups, pursuing systematic, multilevel research--from cell cultures to rats, to large animals, and to clinical trials. There are still many gaps in our knowledge about optimizing extracerebral life support for cerebral outcome.
Weave Patterned Organic Transistors on Fiber for E-Textiles (2005)

Flexible transistors were formed directly on fibers in a novel weave-masking fabrication process. Pentacene fiber transistors exhibit mobilities of >0.5 cm/sup 2//V-s measured at 20 V V/sub DD/ and operate stably under a wide range of flexion stress. Devices are defined and positioned solely by a weaving pattern, meaning that simple circuits could potentially be directly built into fabric during manufacturing. This development offers a novel approach for providing information routing within fabric, which is currently a major hurdle in electronic textile development.
Iodinated Contrast Agents for Brain Tumor Localization and Radiation Dose Enhancement (1991)

From the Departments of Radiological Sciences and Radiation Oncology, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California. Norman A, Iwamoto KS, Cochran ST. Iodinated contrast agents for brain tumor localization and radiation dose enhancement. Invest Radiol 1991;26:S120-S121.
An English language question answering system for a large relational database (1978)

By typing requests in English, casual users will be able to obtain explicit answers from a large relational database of aircraft flight and maintenance data using a system called PLANES. The design and implementation of this system is described and illustrated with detailed examples of the operation of system components and examples of overall system operation. The language processing portion of the system uses a number of augmented transition networks, each of which matches phrases with a specific meaning, along with context registers (history keepers) and concept case frames; these are used for judging meaningfulness of questions, generating dialogue for clarifying partially understood questions, and resolving ellipsis and pronoun reference problems. Other system components construct a formal query for the relational database, and optimize the order of searching relations. Methods are discussed for handling vague or complex questions and for providing browsing ability. Also included are discussions of important issues in programming natural language systems for limited domains, and the relationship of this system to others.
Chalcogenide-based non-volatile memory technology (2002)

Chalcogenide is a proven phase change material used in re-writeable CDs and DVDs. This material changes phases, reversibly and quickly, between an amorphous state that is dull in appearance and electrically high in resistance, and a polycrystalline state that is highly reflective and low in resistance. The application of this commercially proven technology to create semiconductor memories is discussed. The successful results of an effort to create a memory cell that would allow for the production of a dense, low power, non-volatile memory is presented.
Multimedia document structure for dialog communication service (2002)

The Dynamic Paper System for dialog communication using multimedia has been proposed for good communication using B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network). This system encompasses a communication model and a new multimedia document structure. The multimedia document structure is constructed by a hierarchical network scheme, and three structure types are proposed. A process model for scrapbooks of multimedia documents in the Dynamic Paper System is also demonstrated for use with this structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Farnesyl-L-cysteine analogs can inhibit or initiate superoxide release by human neutrophils (1994)

A series of farnesylcysteine analogs was studied with respect to their abilities to interfere with fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide (O2-.) release by human neutrophils. Simple acyl derivatives of farnesyl-L-cysteine, such as the N-acetyl (L-AFC) and N-isobutyryl derivatives (L-iBFC), which are substrates for the isoprenylated protein methyltransferase, can block O2-. release. The N-butyryl analog (L-BFC), which is an isomer of L-iBFC and also a substrate for the methyltransferase, does not inhibit O2-. release but actually stimulates it in the absence of fMLP. Other analogs, including the N-pivaloyl derivative, which has been found to be neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of methyltransferase, also stimulate very large quantities of O2-. production. The stimulatory effects of these derivatives are saturable and exquisitively sensitive to small structural changes in the analogs. The signal transduction pathway(s) utilized by pivaloyl derivatives for triggering O2-. generation is very similar to that employed by fMLP. These data make it clear that farnesyl-L-cysteine analogs do not produce their pharmacological effects in neutrophils via methyltransferase blockade. This could be further demonstrated by showing that sinefungin and S-adenosylhomocysteine, both powerful and general methyltransferase inhibitors which bind at the S-adenosylmethionine site, had no effect in preventing the increased oxygen consumption associated with O2-. production in permeabilized neutrophils. These studies reveal that farnesyl-L-cysteine analogs interact with a hitherto undefined target in neutrophils that may be exploited for inhibiting or stimulating the inflammatory or antimicrobial responses of these cells.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. (2001)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects approximately 30,000 North Americans. Defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene lead to altered secretions from exocrine glands and the pulmonary airways, to a heightened susceptibility to airway infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to severe airway inflammation. Early attempts to develop a genetic therapy for CF have not met with great clinical success, but these efforts have driven the development of viral gene transfer technology for in vivo gene delivery. The recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) system has proven to be safe for in vivo gene delivery in the airways of experimental animals and CF patients, although potential barriers to delivery have been identified. These barriers may limit the transduction efficiency of this vector, especially in the context of the inflamed airways of adolescent and adult CF patients. We anticipate that the use of alternative rAAV serotype capsids and other vector alterations, along with targeting the lungs of CF patients in the earlier stages of their disease, might eventually allow for these potential limitations to be overcome.
Phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography for mapping tissue microstrains in real time (2007)

The authors present a phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (PSOCE) approach to image instantaneous tissue deformations, strain rates, and strains of soft tissue in real time with sensitivity at the nanometer scale. This method exploits the phase information available in the complex optical coherence tomography images and measures the phase changes between the successive B scans to resolve the instantaneous tissue deformations. The PSOCE system described is capable of producing localized microstrain rate and strain maps of tissue subjected to a dynamic compression in real time. They show that this approach is capable of resolving deformations as small as 0.26nm.
Body Image and Quality of Life in Post Massive Weight Loss Body Contouring Patients (2006)

Body contouring after surgical weight loss improved both quality-of-life measurements and body image. Initial body dissatisfaction did not correlate with mood. Body contouring improved body image but produced dissatisfaction with other parts of the body, suggesting that as patients become closer to their ideal, these ideals may shift. We further developed several new assessment methods that may prove useful in understanding these post-surgical weight loss patients.
Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis in Children during the First 2 Years of Life: Relationship to Otitis Media (1994)

Nasopharyngeal colonization with Moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in a large cohort of infants followed prospectively from birth to 2 years of age; 120 children were examined at 13 routine visits. Of these, 66% became colonized with M. catarrhalis by 1 year and 77.5% by 2 years. Nasopharyngeal colonization with M. catarrhalis increased from 27.0% during healthy visits to 62.7% during visits due to otitis media (P < .001). Otitis-prone children were colonized at 44.4% of all visits compared with 16.7% for children who did not have otitis media (P < .001). DNA from 112 strains of M. catarrhalis from 34 children were evaluated; 106 were successfully digested with restriction enzymes and demonstrated a great degree of heterogeneity. Children tended to acquire and eliminate a number of different strains. Intrafamilial spread of the same strain of M. catarrhalis was frequent. These data suggest that nasopharyngeal colonization with M. catarrhalis is common throughout infancy. A high rate of colonization is associated with an increased risk of otitis media.
Single-shot ultrafast imaging via spatiotemporal division of femtosecond laser pulses (2018)

We have developed a single-shot imaging technique that can capture ultrafast events occurring on femtosecond to picosecond time scales. The technique is based on an optical pump&#x2013;probe method, in which multiple time-delayed femtosecond pulses simultaneously probe a pump-excited sample. Here we use two sets of two-by-two mirror arrays for spatial/temporal division and routing of multiple probe pulses. This single-shot scheme is successfully applied to capture femtosecond ionization fronts propagating at the speed of light in air, as well as laser-induced ablation of solid targets.
A Modular System for the Preparation of Diazirine-Labeled Mannose Derivatives Using Thiourea Bridging (2006)

The protein FimH is a bacterial lectin, which is utilized by Escherichia coli to adhere to the glycocalyx of potential host cells. FimH has specificity for α-mannosyl residues, as revealed by biological as well as X-ray studies. To further investigate the molecular details of carbohydrate binding to FimH, photolabile mannose derivatives are important tools to covalently mark carbohydrate binding sites on FimH. Here, a modular approach for the synthesis of photolabile diazirine-labeled mannosides and mannosyl clusters is reported. The convergent synthesis utilizes thiourea bridging of the amino-functionalized diazirine 4 with NCS-functionalized carbohydrates.
UK-2A, B, C and D, Novel Antifungal Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. 517-02. I. Fermentation, Isolation, and Biological Properties. (1996)

Novel antifungal antibiotics, UK-2A, B and a mixture of C and D, were obtained from the mycelial cake of Streptomyces sp. 517-02. All of the UK-2 compounds were similar in structure to antimycin A. The antifungal activities of UK-2 compounds were as strong as that of antimycin A. However, the UK-2 compounds demonstrated weak cytotoxicity compared to antimycin A.
Selectins and glycosyltransferases in leukocyte rolling in vivo (2006)

Leukocyte rolling is an important step for the successful recruitment of leukocytes into tissue and occurs predominantly in inflamed microvessels and in high endothelial venules of secondary lymphoid organs. Leukocyte rolling is mediated by a group of C-type lectins, termed selectins. Three different selectins have been identified - P-, E- and L-selectin - which recognize and bind to crucial carbohydrate determinants on selectin ligands. Among selectin ligands, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is the main inflammatory selectin ligand, showing binding to all three selectins under in vivo conditions. Functional relevant selectin ligands expressed on high endothelial venules of lymphoid tissue are less clearly defined at the protein level. However, high endothelial venule-expressed selectin ligands were instrumental in uncovering the crucial role of post-translational modifications for selectin ligand activity. Several glycosyltransferases, such as core 2 beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I, beta1,4-galactosyltransferases, alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases and alpha2,3-sialyltransferases have been described to participate in the synthesis of core 2 decorated O-glycan structures carrying the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewis X, a carbohydrate determinant on selectin ligands with binding activity to all three selectins. In addition, modifications, such as carbohydrate or tyrosine sulfation, were also found to contribute to the synthesis of functional selectin ligands.
Indazoles as indole bioisosteres: synthesis and evaluation of the tropanyl ester and amide of indazole-3-carboxylate as antagonists at the serotonin 5HT3 receptor (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndazoles as indole bioisosteres: synthesis and evaluation of the tropanyl ester and amide of indazole-3-carboxylate as antagonists at the serotonin 5HT3 receptorPawel Fludzinski, Deborah A. Evrard, William E. Bloomquist, William B. Lacefield, William Pfeifer, Noel D. Jones, Jack B. Deeter, and Marlene L. CohenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1987, 30, 9, 1535–1537Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00392a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00392a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dual-bit SONOS FinFET Non-Volatile Memory Cell and New Method of Charge Detection (2007)

A new charge detection method in which the off-state current is used to detect charge stored near to the drain is demonstrated for dual-bit SONOS FinFET NVM cells for the first time. This method is very sensitive to charge stored near to the drain electrode and thus can facilitate gate-length scaling of dual-bit SONOS NVM devices.
Generation of Rx + /Pax6 + neural retinal precursors from embryonic stem cells (2005)

We report directed differentiaion of retinal precursors in vitro from mouse ES cells. Six3+ rostral brain progenitors are generated by culturing ES cells under serum-free suspension conditions (SFEB culture) in the presence of Wnt and Nodal antagonists (Dkk1 and LeftyA), and subsequently steered to differentiate into Rx+ cells (16%) by treatment with activin and serum. Consistent with the characteristics of early neural retinal precursors, the induced Rx+ cells coexpress Pax6 and the mitotic marker Ki67, but not Nestin. The ES cell-derived precursors efficiently generate cells with the photoreceptor phenotype (rhodopsin+, recoverin+) when cocultured with embryonic retinal cells. Furthermore, organotypic culture studies demonstrate the selective integration and survival of ES cell-derived cells with the photoreceptor phenotype (marker expression and morphology) in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. Taken together, ES cells treated with SFEB/Dkk1/LeftyA/serum/activin generate neural retinal precursors, which have the competence of photoreceptor differentiation.
Induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (1991)

The induction of quinone reductase [QR; NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.99.2] in cultured cells and animal tissues of rodents has provided useful information on mechanisms of protection against carcinogens. We have developed a simple and efficient microtiter plate assay for the direct measurement of QR basal activity and inducibility in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (unstimulated, mitogen-stimulated and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed) grown in suspension culture. In these cells, QR was induced by monofunctional (electrophilic) inducers (i.e. 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, dimethyl fumarate, methyl vinyl sulfone) but not by bifunctional inducers (i.e. 1,1'-azonaphthalene, beta-naphthoflavone, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). QR is a major enzyme of xenobiotic metabolism that carries out obligatory two-electron reductions and thereby protects cells against the toxicity of quinones. It is induced in many tissues coordinately with other enzymes that protect against electrophiles. Since lymphocytes can be sampled easily and repetitively in man, this system may provide a simple short-term marker for assessing the capacity of tissues to detoxify electrophiles, such as quinones, and for measuring the response to inducers.
Neurotrophic Keratitis and Congenital Insensitivity to Pain With Anhidrosis—A Case Report With 10-Year Follow-up (2010)

Patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis are asymptomatic even when they develop corneal ulcer. Parents should be advised regular follow-up and prompt treatment because this is a vision-threatening corneal abnormality.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: when MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant (2012)

Multiple myeloma is the most frequent monoclonal gammopathy to involve the kidney; however, a growing number of kidney diseases associated with other monoclonal gammopathies are being recognized. Although many histopathologic patterns exist, they are all distinguished by the monoclonal immunoglobulin (or component) deposits. The hematologic disorder in these patients is more consistent with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) than with multiple myeloma. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of the current diagnostic schema, they are frequently diagnosed as MGUS. Because treatment is not recommended for MGUS, appropriate therapy is commonly withheld. In addition to end-stage renal disease, the persistence of the monoclonal gammopathy is associated with high rates of recurrence after kidney transplantation. Preservation and restoration of kidney function are possible with successful treatment targeting the responsible clone. Achievement of hematologic complete response has been shown to prevent recurrence after kidney transplantation. There is a need for a term that properly conveys the pathologic nature of these diseases. We think the term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is most helpful to indicate a causal relationship between the monoclonal gammopathy and the renal damage and because the significance of the monoclonal gammopathy is no longer undetermined.