gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Indian Rights Association: the Herbert Welsh Years, 1882-1904 (1987)

this Question, wrote Herbert Welsh to Richard H. Pratt, superintendent of Carlisle School, regard myself simply as an advertising medium, but even for such I trust that there may be a work to do, (p. 36). Such was Welsh's ingratiatingly humble opinion of himself and the mission of his two-year-old organization, the Rights Association (IRA). In the end it proved a fairly accurate assessment. In this book William Hagan skillfully details the creation, development, and political struggles and achievements of the IRA through its first two decades under the leadership of Herbert Welsh. Welsh, whose uncle, William Welsh, was the first chairman of the Board of Commissioners in 1869, came from an elite Philadelphia business family. Educated at the University of Pennsylvania and disinterested in the family business, Welsh's attention was drawn to the Indian Problem after visiting Sioux reservations in i88z at the invitation of Episcopal Bishop William H. Hare. Upon his return, Welsh and his coterie of East coast elites founded the IRA as a non-sectarian body to influence public opinion, oversee congressional legislation, and insure legal rights. Welsh served as corresponding secretary until he resigned in 1904, and personally molded the operations and policy stands of the organization during these formative years. Under his supervision, the IRA lobbied heavily for division of the estate in severalty, believing that private property and the reduction of communal holdings would hasten civilization. Welsh opposed the ration system, was unimpressed with preserving aspects of Native American cultures, and strongly supported both an expanded educational system for children and the extension of civil service requirements to all agency positions. IRA representatives conducted numerous fact-finding tours of reservations, investigated allegations and conditions, and wrote up their observations for public speaking tours and publication. The IRA reached the height of its social and political power during Welsh's term of service, and then waned in the early twentieth century along with the progressive reform sentiment out of which it grew. Welsh continued his association with the IRA serving as nominal secretary and president for several years before his death in 1941, but his interest and influence never exceeded that of his first ten years. During his time as corresponding secretary, Welsh came into contact with most of the prominent reformers of the time, including Richard Pratt, Charles Painter, Francis Leupp, Henry Dawes, Matthew Sniffen, S. C. Armstrong, and James Rhoads. In the process his organization both competed and worked with other reform groups which sprang up at the same time, such as the Women's National Association, the National 2I7
Curie-point pyrolysis atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: preliminary performance data for three biopolymers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCurie-point pyrolysis atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: preliminary performance data for three biopolymersA. Peter. Snyder, Johannes H. Kremer, Henk L. C. Meuzelaar, Willem. Windig, and Koli. TaghizadehCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 15, 1945–1951Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00142a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00142a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes: Class I Antigens and Tumor Necrosis Factors (1986)

In this paper I discuss two topics relating to genes of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in which new information has recently been obtained. They are (1) the use of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) variants and site-directed mutagenesis to map functional sites in class I MHC molecules and (2) the regulation of expression of class I genes by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the fact that TNFα and the closely related lymphotoxin (TNFβ) are themselves encoded in the MHC.
Effects of Ondansetron in Early‐ Versus Late‐Onset Alcoholics: A Prospective, Open‐Label Study (2003)

An oral solution of ondansetron seems suitable for the treatment of alcohol dependence, yielding findings consistent with evidence from a placebo-controlled trial that ondansetron, at a dosage of 4 microg/kg twice daily, is of value in the treatment of EOAs.
Quantum simulation of open-system dynamical maps with trapped ions (2012)

Dynamical maps describe general transformations of the state of a physical system, and their iteration can be interpreted as generating a discrete time evolution. Prime examples include classical nonlinear systems undergoing transitions to chaos. Quantum mechanical counterparts show intriguing phenomena such as dynamical localization on the single particle level. Here we extend the concept of dynamical maps to an open-system, many-particle context: We experimentally explore the stroboscopic dynamics of a complex many-body spin model by means of a universal quantum simulator using up to five ions. In particular, we generate long-range phase coherence of spin by an iteration of purely dissipative quantum maps. We also demonstrate the characteristics of competition between combined coherent and dissipative non-equilibrium evolution. This opens the door for studying many-particle non-equilibrium physics and associated dynamical phase transitions with no immediate counterpart in equilibrium condensed matter systems. An error detection and reduction toolbox that facilitates the faithful quantum simulation of larger systems is developed as a first step in this direction.
Growth stimulation of human breast cancer cells with anti-transforming growth factor beta antibodies: evidence for negative autocrine regulation by transforming growth factor beta. (1990)

Exogenous TGF beta inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. These cells synthesize and secrete TGF beta into their medium predominantly in a latent form. With neutralizing antibodies against native, biologically active TGF beta (278ab and 282ab), we have examined whether HS578T and MDA-231 breast cancer cells utilize their endogenous TGF beta for growth regulation. Low levels of TGF beta activity were detectable in conditioned medium from confluent monolayers of both cell lines in the absence of acid or protease treatment as measured by radioreceptor assay. When added to subconfluent monolayers of the respective cell line, this untreated conditioned medium inhibited DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. This inhibition was blocked by anti-TGF beta antibodies, whereas nonimmune rabbit IgG had no effect. Similar to exogenous TGF beta 1, this conditioned medium induced a dose-dependent increase in steady-state TGF beta 1 mRNA levels when added to subconfluent HS578T cells; this increase was blocked by the 278ab. Consistent with the above, preincubation of either cell line with anti-TGF beta antibodies increased subsequent specific binding of 125I-TGF beta to cell surface receptors without changing binding affinity. Addition of 278ab to quiescent HS578T or MDA-231 cells induced a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Both antibodies stimulated cell proliferation in serum-free medium and anchorage-independent growth of both cell lines. Finally, incubation of HS578T cells with 278ab under serum-free conditions decreased the basal level of TGF beta 1 message expression. These data indicate that cultured human breast cancer cells utilize endogenously produced TGF beta as an autocrine negative growth regulator.
Monastic Life of a Federal Distric Judge, The (2005)

There is no one on earch more monk-like than a federal district judge. As a result, there is no one on earth who more surely needs to have some understanding of core monastic virtures in order to do the job well.
βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 21 Signaling through FGF Receptor (FGFR) 1c and FGFR3c (2008)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a structural relative of FGF23 that regulates phosphate homeostasis, is a regulator of insulin-independent glucose transport in adipocytes and plays a role in the regulation of body weight. It also regulates ketogenesis and adaptive responses to starvation. We report that in a reconstituted receptor activation assay system using BaF3 cells, which do not endogenously express any type of FGF receptor (FGFR) or heparan sulfate proteoglycan, FGF21 alone does not activate FGFRs and that betaKlotho is required for FGF21 to activate two specific FGFR subtypes: FGFR1c and FGFR3c. Coexpression of betaKlotho and FGFR1c on BaF3 cells enabled FGF21, but not FGF23, to activate receptor signaling. Conversely, coexpression of FGFR1c and Klotho, a protein related to betaKlotho, enabled FGF23 but not FGF21 to activate receptor signaling, indicating that expression of betaKlotho/Klotho confers target cell specificity on FGF21/FGF23. In all of these cases, heparin enhanced the activation but was not essential. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, up-regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) expression by FGF21 was associated with expression of betaKlotho, which was absent in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. It is thus suggested that betaKlotho expression is a crucial determinant of the FGF21 specificity of the target cells upon which it acts in an endocrine fashion.
Benzophenone Photoprobes for Phosphoinositides, Peptides and Drugs (1997)

Benzophenones (BP) and related aryl ketone photophores have become established as the photoactivatable group of choice for high-efficiency covalent modification of hydrophobic regions of binding proteins, including enzymes and receptors that recognize peptide hormones, (oligo) nucleotides and nucleosides, phosphoinositides, inositol polyphosphates and a wide variety of therapeutic molecules. This review presents the advantages of BP as photoaffinity labels and provides specific examples from the last 3 years of applications of BP-containing ligands used in biochemistry.
Expression and clinical significance of SPARC in clinical stage II tongue squamous cell carcinoma. (2009)

SPARC is highly expressed in stage II tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and positively correlated to survival, occult lymph node metastasis and recurrence.
Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes With Dendritic Cells Transfected With Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 RNA: Implications for Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy (2000)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cervical cancer. The high-risk HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are constitutively expressed in most cervical carcinoma cells, and are, therefore, attractive antigens for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with RNA encoding the E6 and E7 protein for cervical cancer immunotherapy. The authors have shown that DCs transfected with RNA-encoding antigen stimulate potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vitro and in vivo. In this study, they tried to determine whether DCs transfected with E6 and E7 RNA stimulate primary, antigen-specific CTL responses in vitro. The results show that DCs pulsed with E6 or E7 RNA stimulate antigen-specific CTL responses that recognize and lyse DCs transfected with E6 and E7 RNA and human cervical carcinoma cells expressing the E6 and E7 products, and the lysis was comparable to that achieved with E6 and E7 peptide-pulsed DCs. Dendritic cells cotransfected with both E6 and E7 RNA stimulate CTLs that are more effective at lysing human cervical cancer cells. This study provides a rationale for the development of cervical carcinoma immunotherapy using DCs transfected with HPV E6 and E7 RNA.
Interactive visualization of Regional Ocean Modeling System (2007)

This paper presents techniques for interactive visualization of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a free-surface, terrain-following coordinate ocean circulation model. We have designed an interactive visualization program that allows a casual user to control the forcing conditions applied to ROMS using a graphical user interface and observe the results in real-time. We modified portions of ROMS to facilitate user interaction with a Chesapeake Bay model. In order to achieve real-time interactive visualization, a low-resolution computational grid of the Chesapeake Bay was employed and a variety of techniques were utilized to achieve appealing visualizations similar to those created from high-resolution models. Texture mapping and alpha-channel blending were used to create a smooth boundary of the bay and filtering applied to adjacent grid points eliminates aliasing. The integrated simulation and visualization environment allows a user to control wind speed and direction along with the rate of flow from the rivers that feed the bay. It also provides visualizations of water height, velocity, salinity across horizontal and vertical planes, and particle tracking. Many interesting oceanographic phenomena can be demonstrated with the interactive program, making it a tool that facilitates oceanographic teaching and research.
Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in myeloid cell lines expressing p210BCR/ABL. (1995)

The BCR/ABL oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in humans and induces growth factor independence of hematopoietic cell lines in tissue culture. p210BCR/ABL is localized at least in part to the cytoskeleton, and has been shown to interact directly with actin filaments through an actin binding domain located in the C-terminus of ABL. CML cells have reduced adhesion to some extracellular matrix components but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. In this study we examined tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. An interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, 32Dc13, was transformed with a BCR/ABL cDNA, and the patterns of localization, expression, and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins were compared among untransformed 32Dc13 cells with and without IL-3 stimulation and BCR/ABL-transformed 32Dc13 cells. Of the focal adhesion proteins examined, only paxillin exhibited tyrosine phosphorylation in response to IL-3; while in cells transformed by p210BCR/ABL, paxillin, vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated. IL-3 induced a transient association between paxillin and vinculin, while in BCR/ABL-transformed cells, several proteins coimmunoprecipitated with paxillin, including vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin. Pseudopodia enriched in focal adhesion proteins were transiently detected in 32Dc13 cells in response to IL-3, but constitutively detected in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. p210BCR/ABL protein was also found concentrated in punctate structures adjacent to the cell membrane in myeloid cell lines, which often contained vinculin and paxillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immune tolerance against HBV can be overcome in HBV transgenic mice by immunization with Dendritic Cells pulsed by HBVsvp (2011)

Introduction: It is known that in chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) carriers the function of dendritic cells (DC) as well as the function of T-cells and B-cells is impaired. Within HBV transgenic mice no immune response against HBV is found due to central and peripheral tolerance. We recently showed that it is possible to activate DC of mice in vitro by pulsation with HBV sub viral particles (HBVsvp) and that by immunizing mice with such activated DC specific anti HBV directed immune responses are induced on cellular and humoral level. Aim of the study: In the present study we used HBV transgenic mice to observe immune responses in a model for chronic HBV infection. HBVsvp, together with LPS as a co-activating molecule, were used for in vitro activation of DC. HBV transgenic mice were injected by such pulsed DC two times. Four weeks after DC vaccination humoral and cellular immune responses, HBe antigen levels and histology were analyzed. Results: A strong HBV specific T-cell response was found in DC vaccinated HBV-transgenic mice. In addition, high antibody levels against HBc and HBs were detected. These results demonstrate that in vitro activation of DC and HBVsvp loading can overcome the tolerance against HBV and reactivate B- and T-cell function in HBV transgenic mice. Conclusion: In chronic HBV carriers impaired DC, as key players of cellular and humoral immunity, may be reactivated in vitro and could help patients to clear the infection.
Recent Advances of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Central Nervous System Disorders (2016)

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger the activation of caspases-1 and subsequently the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. These cytokines play a critical role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the best characterized, which has been demonstrated as a crucial role in various diseases. Here, we review recently described mechanisms that are involved in the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, we summarize the recent researches on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumor, neurodegenerative diseases, and other CNS diseases. In conclusion, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for these CNS diseases.
A Reinforced Topic-Aware Convolutional Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Abstractive Text Summarization (2018)

In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to tackle the automatic summarization tasks by incorporating topic information into the convolutional sequence-to-sequence (ConvS2S) model and using self-critical sequence training (SCST) for optimization. Through jointly attending to topics and word-level alignment, our approach can improve coherence, diversity, and informativeness of generated summaries via a biased probability generation mechanism. On the other hand, reinforcement training, like SCST, directly optimizes the proposed model with respect to the non-differentiable metric ROUGE, which also avoids the exposure bias during inference. We carry out the experimental evaluation with state-of-the-art methods over the Gigaword, DUC-2004, and LCSTS datasets. The empirical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method in the abstractive summarization.
Addressing epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (2016)

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR activating mutations. However, nearly all EGFR-mutant NSCLC tumors eventually acquire resistance to the currently used EGFR-TKIs and subsequently progress clinically. Acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is thus a huge issue in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC at present. On one hand, T790M second-site mutation has been recognized as a key mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance, and third generation EGFR-TKIs such as osimertinib and rociletinib have been developed to overcome tumor cells harboring the T790M mutation. On the other hand, combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy is also expected as another strategy for preventing the acquired resistance to current EGFR-TKIs and prolonging the survival benefits by EGFR-TKIs. Here, we review updated strategies for preventing or overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Experimental System for Field Cooling of Fresh Produce (1988)

DESIGN and development of a mobile forced-air cooler with 35 kW (10 ton) refrigeration capacity is described. Cooling air is moved downward through the product which is packed in boxes with venting in the bottom to allow airflow. Boxes are stacked on special plywood pallets which are moved into and out of the cooler through doors on either side. A 30 kW tractor driven electric generator provides power for the refrigeration unit and other motors. Results are presented for cooling of strawberries, peppers, broccoli, cucumbers, cantaloupe and sweet corn. Times of one half cooling response ranged from 13 min for strawberries to approximately 100 min for cantaloupe.
Mammaglobin as a Novel Breast Cancer Biomarker: Multigene Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay and Sandwich ELISA (2004)

The ELISA and RT-PCR for mammaglobin and mammaglobin-producing cells could be valuable tools for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
A VUELTAS CON LA HISTORIA: UNA MIRADA A LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA ESCOLAR DEL S. XX (2000)

En este articulo nos acercamos a la historia del ultimo siglo para tratar de buscar algunas senas de identidad que permitan entender el papel que la Educacion Fisica ha desempenado en el sistema educativo y el que puede desarrollar. En el siglo XIX se ha generalizado y asentado como materia escolar, aunque siempre en un segundo nivel. Esa es la primera de las paradojas del area, su aparente fragilidad y, sin embargo, su permanencia esta en practicamente todos los curriculos. Pero, a poco que indaguemos, nos darnos cuenta que, para sobrevivir, la Educacion Fisica ha adoptado mil caras y ha servido tanto de estandarte de las nuevas corrientes como baston de las buenas costumbres. Lo que encontramos es una historia llena de intentos de constituir un campo seriamente, intentos que se truncan una y otra vez, una historia de paradojas que mantienen la Educacion Fisica en la indefinicion, una historia de minusvaloracion del area en si y de utilizacion para los fines mas contrapuestos. Al final del siglo XX, nos encontramos en una posicion relativa mas favorable que en otras epocas y disponemos de un conocimiento que tal vez nos permita superar la circularidad que ha tenido nuestra historia
Expression of platelet glycoprotein VI is associated with transient ischemic attack and stroke (2009)

These findings indicate that platelet GPVI surface expression is significantly enhanced in patients with TIA and stroke compared to patients with NI events. Determination of platelet-specific GPVI may be useful as an early biomarker for cerebral ischemia.