gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scatterometry applied to microelectronics processing (2002)

This past decade has seen the development of a non-imaging optical dimensional metrology technique known as scatterometry. Scatterometry is a nondestructive optical technique that records and analyzes changes in the intensity of light reflected from a periodic scattering surface. By measuring and analyzing the light diffracted from a patterned periodic sample, the dimensions of the sample itself can be measured. Scatterometry exploits the sensitivity of diffraction from a sample to changes in the line-shape of the sample. The use of an elementary sample illumination system, combined with a rigorous scattered signal analysis procedure presents a significant advantage over conventional metrology techniques. These are discussed in detail in this paper.
Effects of Temperature and Water Potential on Germination, Radicle Elongation and Emergence of Mungbean (1989)

Controlled environment experiments were performed to determine the effects of temperature and water potential on germination, radicle elongation and emergence of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv. IPB-M79-17-79). The effects of a range of constant temperatures (15–45 °C) and water potentials (0 to −2.2 MPa) on germination and radicle elongation rates were studied using an osmoticum technique, in which seeds were held against a semi-permeable membrane sac containing a polyethylene glycol solution. Linear relationships were established between median germination time (Gt50) and water potential at different temperatures, and between reciprocal Gt50 (germination rate) and temperature at different water potentials. Germination occurred at potentials as low as −2.2 MPa at favourable temperatures (30–40 °C), but was fastest at 40 °C when water was not limiting, with an estimated base temperature (Tb) of about 10 °C. Subsequent radicle elongation, however, was restricted to a slightly narrower temperature range and was fastest at 35 °C. The concept of thermal time was used to develop an equation to model the combined effects of water potential and temperature on germination. Predictions made using this model were compared with the actual germination obtained in a related series of experiments in columns of soil. Some differences observed suggested the additional importance of the seed/soil/water contact zone in influencing seed germination in soil. Seedling emergence appeared to reflect further the radicle elongation results by occurring within a narrower range of temperatures and water potentials than germination. Emergence had an estimated Tb of 12.6 °C and was fastest at 35 °C. A soil matric potential of not less than about −0.5 MPa at sowing was required to obtain 50% or more seedling emergence.
Reduction of TMD pain by high-frequency vibration: a spatial and temporal analysis (2003)

Under some conditions, vibration delivered to the skin can reduce pain (vibratory analgesia). Previous studies of this phenomenon in a clinical context have been somewhat variable in terms of stimulus control, and have not examined the way in which the spatial distribution of pain is affected. In the present study, we used rigorously controlled conditions to examine vibratory analgesia in participants (N=17) with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Results of 20- and 100-Hz vibration were compared with data from a no-vibration control condition. The results document for the first time that vibratory analgesia occurs in TMD chronic pain conditions. We measured its time course using continuous visual analog scale (VAS) recording, and its spatial aspects by asking subjects to indicate painful regions on standardized drawings. VAS ratings and drawings both showed that pain is reduced by 100-Hz, but not by 20-Hz, vibration. The effectiveness of the high-frequency vibration cannot be attributed to a mechanism involving Pacinian corpuscles, since these receptors are lacking in the skin of the orofacial region. Spatial analyses revealed that ipsilateral and contralateral effects of vibration were statistically equivalent, suggesting that vibratory analgesia relies at least in part on central nervous system processes rather than local mechanisms.
Aldolases A and C Are Ribonucleolytic Components of a Neuronal Complex That Regulates the Stability of the Light-Neurofilament mRNA (2005)

A 68 nucleotide segment of the light neurofilament (NF-L) mRNA, spanning the translation termination signal, participates in regulating the stability of the transcript in vivo. Aldolases A and C, but not B, interact specifically with this segment of the transcript in vitro. Aldolases A and C are glycolytic enzymes expressed in neural cells, and their mRNA binding activity represents a novel function of these isozymes. This unsuspected new activity was first uncovered by Northwestern blotting of a brainstem/spinal cord cDNA library. It was confirmed by two-dimensional fractionation of mouse brain cytosol followed by Northwestern hybridization and protein sequencing. Both neuronal aldolases interact specifically with the NF-L but not the heavy neurofilament mRNA, and their binding to the transcript excludes the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) from the complex. Constitutive ectopic expression of aldolases A and C accelerates the decay of a neurofilament transgene (NF-L) driven by a tetracycline inducible system. In contrast, mutant transgenes lacking mRNA sequence for aldolase binding are stabilized. Our findings strongly suggest that aldolases A and C are regulatory components of a light neurofilament mRNA complex that modulates the stability of NF-L mRNA. This modulation likely involves endonucleolytic cleavage and a competing interaction with the PABP. Interactions of aldolases A and C in NF-L expression may be linked to regulatory pathways that maintain the highly asymmetrical form and function of large neurons.
Bubble-flux (2013)

Ensuring the quality of service (QoS) for latency-sensitive applications while allowing co-locations of multiple applications on servers is critical for improving server utilization and reducing cost in modern warehouse-scale computers (WSCs). Recent work relies on static profiling to precisely predict the QoS degradation that results from performance interference among co-running applications to increase the number of "safe" co-locations. However, these static profiling techniques have several critical limitations: 1) a priori knowledge of all workloads is required for profiling, 2) it is difficult for the prediction to capture or adapt to phase or load changes of applications, and 3) the prediction technique is limited to only two co-running applications. To address all of these limitations, we present Bubble-Flux , an integrated dynamic interference measurement and online QoS management mechanism to provide accurate QoS control and maximize server utilization. Bubble-Flux uses a Dynamic Bubble to probe servers in real time to measure the instantaneous pressure on the shared hardware resources and precisely predict how the QoS of a latency-sensitive job will be affected by potential co-runners. Once "safe" batch jobs are selected and mapped to a server, Bubble-Flux uses an Online Flux Engine to continuously monitor the QoS of the latency-sensitive application and control the execution of batch jobs to adapt to dynamic input, phase, and load changes to deliver satisfactory QoS. Batch applications remain in a state of flux throughout execution. Our results show that the utilization improvement achieved by Bubble-Flux is up to 2.2x better than the prior static approach.
Noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of primary patient acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a strategy for preclinical modeling (2011)

The efficient engraftment in immune-deficient mice achieved with both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines and primary samples has facilitated identification of the antileukemia activity of a wide variety of agents. Despite widespread usage, however, little is known about the early ALL localization and engraftment kinetics in this model, limiting experimental read-outs primarily to survival and endpoint analysis at high disease burden. In this study, we report that bioluminescent imaging can be reproducibly achieved with primary human ALL samples. This approach provides a noninvasive, longitudinal measure of leukemia burden and localization that enhances the sensitivity of treatment response detection and provides greater insight into the mechanism of action of antileukemia agents. In addition, this study reveals significant cell line- and species-related differences in leukemia migration, especially early in expansion, which may confound observations between various leukemia models. Overall, this study demonstrates that the use of bioluminescent primary ALL allows the detection and quantitation of treatment effects at earlier, previously unquantifiable disease burdens and thus provides the means to standardize and expedite the evaluation of anti-ALL activity in preclinical xenograft studies.
Localization of the Neuronal Class III β-Tubulin in Oligodendrogliomas: Comparison with Ki-67 Proliferative Index and 1p/19q Status (2002)

The class III beta-tubulin isotype (betaIII) is widely regarded as a neuronal marker in development and neoplasia. Whereas the expression of betaIII in neuronal/neuroblastic tumors is differentiation-dependent, the aberrant expression of this cytoskeletal protein in astrocytomas is associated with an ascending gradient of malignancy. To test the generality of this observation we have compared the immunoreactivity (IR) profiles of the betaIII isotype with the Ki-67 nuclear antigen proliferative index in 41 archival, surgically excised oligodendrogliomas (32 classical [WHO grade II] and 9 anaplastic [WHO grade III]). Seventeen of 41 tumors were examined by quantitative microsatellite analysis for loss of 1p and/or 19q. Minimal deletion regions were defined on 1p (D1S468, D1S214) and 19q (D19S408, D19S867). Three of 10 classical oligodendrogliomas had combined 1p/19q loss, while 2 exhibited loss of either 1p or 19q. Three of 7 anaplastic tumors had combined 1p/19q loss. BetaIII IR was present in all tumors, but was significantly greater in the anaplastic (median labeling index [MLI] 61%, interquartile range [IQR] 55%-64%) as compared with the classical variants (MLI, 19%, IQR, 11-36%) (p < 0.0001). A highly significant relationship was found to exist between betaIII and Ki-67 LIs (betaIII, p < 0.0001 and Ki-67, p < 0.0001. r = 0.809). BetaIII localization delineated hitherto understated unipolar or bipolar tumor phenotypes with growth cones and leading cell processes resembling migrating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Codistribution of betaIII and GFAP IR was present in "gliofibrillary" tumor areas. Synaptophysin IR was detected in rare tumor cells (mean LI, 0.7%), and only in 4/41 samples (10%), denoting a lack of relationship between betaIII and synaptophysin expression. No significant differences in betaIII LIs were observed in tumors with 1p and/or 19q loss as compared to those with 1p/19q intact status. Increased betaIII IR in oligodendrogliomas is associated with an ascending degree of malignancy and thus is a potentially useful tumor marker. However, the significance of high betaIII LIs in low-grade oligodendrogliomas with respect to prognostic and predictive value requires further evaluation. Class III beta-tubulin expression in oligodendrogliomas should not be construed as a priori evidence of divergent neuronal differentiation.
The Synthesis of the Steroidal Sapogenins1,2 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of the Steroidal Sapogenins1,2Yehuda Mazur, Naftali Danieli, and Franz SondheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 22, 5889–5908Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01507a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01507a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved vectors for stable expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells by use of the untranslated leader sequence from EMC virus (1991)

Dicistronic mRNA expression vectors efficiently translate a 5' open reading frame (ORF) and contain a selectable marker within the 3' end which is inefficiently translated. In these vectors, the efficiency of translation of the selectable 3' ORF is reduced approximately 100-fold and is highly dependent on the particular sequences inserted into the 5' cloning site. Upon selection for expression of the selection marker gene product, deletions within the 5' ORF occur to yield more efficient translation of the selectable marker. We have generated improved dicistronic mRNA expression vectors by utilization of a putative internal ribosomal entry site isolated from encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Insertion of the EMC virus leader sequence upstream of an ORF encoding either a wildtype or methotrexate resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reduces DHFR translation up to 10-fold in a monocistronic DHFR expression vector. However, insertion of another ORF upstream of the EMC leader to produce a dicistronic mRNA does not further reduce DHFR translation. In the presence of the EMC virus leader, DHFR translation is not dependent on sequences inserted into the 5' end of the mRNA. We demonstrate that stable high level expression of inserted cDNAs may be rapidly achieved by selection for methotrexate resistance in DHFR deficient as well as DHFR containing cells. In contrast to previously described dicistronic expression vectors, these new vectors do not undergo rearrangement or deletion upon selection for amplification by propagation in increasing concentrations of methotrexate. The explanation may be either that the EMC virus leader sequence allows internal initiation of translation or that cryptic splice sites in the EMC virus sequence mediate production of monocistronic mRNAs. These vectors may be generally useful to rapidly obtain high level expression of cDNA genes in mammalian cells.
Concurrent design analysis of A 8500V ESD-protected SP10T switch in SOI CMOS (2013)

Design of single-pole multiple-throw (SPMT) Tx/Rx switch for RF FEM for multi-mode multi-frequency smartphones is challenging. SPMTs in SOI CMOS show comparable specs to those in GaAs due to unique SOI properties [1-3]. Hand-held devices require high ESD protection with more parasitic capacitance (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESD</inf> ) that can severely degrade RF IC specs [4-6]. We recently designed the first highly-linearity SP10T in 180nm SOI CMOS with 8kV+ ESD protection per limited 100ns TLP (transmission line pulse) testing [7]. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of device-circuit interactions, full characterization and thorough ESD-SPMT concurrent design approach of the SP10T switch, which contribute to simultaneously achieving 8500V full-chip ESD protection, and high linearity of 27.8dBm and 34.2dBm in GSM Rx and Tx modes, respectively, through ESD-SPMT co-design.
Collar Length on the Performance of a Nozzle Using Fluidic Counterflow for Thrust Vectoring (2013)

Numerical simulation is applied to study internal flow structure and performance of counterflow thrust vectoring nozzle with collar length in zero attack angle and subsonic conditions. The changes of thrust vectoring angle, resultant thrust ratio and secondary mass flow ratios are obtained. Results indicate that the thrust vectoring angle firstly increases and then decreases with increasing suction collar length, the max of which is 5.5o; but resultant thrust ratio decreases, and its range is 0.76-0.78;During the procedure of increasing suction collar length, suction flow shifts from counterflow to coflow, and mass flow ratio decreases.
Text/graphic separation using a sparse representation with multi-learned dictionaries (2012)

International audience
A Comparison of Two Dose Regimens in Pancreatic Cancer (2000)

Forty-seven patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with two different schedules of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LCV): standard and dose-intense schedules. The standard regimen was monthly and the dose intense was biweekly. Partial response was observed in one patient (4%), no change in 12 (48%) and progression of disease in another 12 patients. Clinical benefit, measured by symptomatic improvement, was observed in 19% of all the patients, in 12% of those treated with the standard regimen and in 27% of the intense group. Median survival was 8 months for all the patients. The 1-year survival rate was 32%. Toxicity was mild. There was no survival benefit for the dose intense regimen. These results indicate that clinical benefit can be obtained with 5FU and LCV regimens despite the lack of objective response and that a dose-intense schedule is of little benefit in treating pancreatic cancer.
Stromal cells expressing ephrin-B2 promote the growth and sprouting of ephrin-B2+ endothelial cells (2001)

Ephrin-B2 is a transmembrane ligand that is specifically expressed on arterial endothelial cells (ECs) and surrounding cells and interacts with multiple EphB class receptors. Conversely, EphB4, a specific receptor for ephrin-B2, is expressed on venous ECs, and both ephrin-B2 and EphB4 play essential roles in vascular development. The bidirectional signals between EphB4 and ephrin-B2 are thought to be specific for the interaction between arteries and veins and to regulate cell mixing and the making of particular boundaries. However, the molecular mechanism during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis remains unclear. Manipulative functional studies were performed on these proteins in an endothelial cell system. Using in vitro stromal cells (OP9 cells) and a paraaortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp) coculture system, these studies found that the stromal cells expressing ephrin-B2 promoted vascular network formation and ephrin-B2(+) EC proliferation and that they also induced the recruitment and proliferation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells. Stromal cells expressing EphB4 inhibited vascular network formation, ephrin-B2(+) EC proliferation, and alpha-SMA(+) cell recruitment and proliferation. Thus, these data suggest that ephrin-B2 and EphB4 mediate reciprocal interactions between arterial and venous ECs and surrounding cells to form each characteristic vessel. (Blood. 2001;98:1028-1037)
The peripheral and central mechanisms underlying itch (2016)

Itch is one of the most distressing sensations that substantially impair quality of life. It is a cardinal symptom of many skin diseases and is also caused by a variety of systemic disorders. Unfortunately, currently available itch medications are ineffective in many chronic itch conditions, and they often cause undesirable side effects. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, it is essential to identify primary afferent neurons that selectively respond to itch mediators as well as the central nervous system components that process the sensation of itch and initiate behavioral responses. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of itch, focusing on itch-selective receptors, signaling molecules, neuronal pathways from the primary sensory neurons to the brain, and potential decoding mechanisms based on which itch is distinguished from pain. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 474-487].
96-Well Polycarbonate-Based Microfluidic Titer Plate for High-Throughput Purification of DNA and RNA (2008)

We report a simple and effective method for the high-throughput purification of a variety of nucleic acids (NAs) from whole cell lysates or whole blood using a photactivated polycarbonate solid-phase reversible immobilization (PPC-SPRI) microfluidic chip. High-throughput operation was achieved by placing 96 purification beds, each containing an array of 3800 20 microm diameter posts, on a single 3" x 5" polycarbonate (PC) wafer fabricated by hot embossing. All beds were interconnected through a common microfluidic network that permitted parallel access through the use of a vacuum and syringe pump for delivery of immobilization buffer (IB) and effluent. The PPC-SPRI purification was accomplished by condensation of NAs onto a UV-modified PC surface in the presence of the IB comprised of polyethylene glycol, NaCl, and ethanol with a composition dependent on the length of the NAs to be isolated and the identity of the sample matrix. The performance of the device was validated by quantification of the recovered material following PCR (for DNA) or RT-PCR (for RNA). The extraction bed load capacity of NAs was 206 +/- 93 ng for gDNA and 165 +/- 81 ng for TRNA from Escherichia coli. Plate-to-plate variability was found to be 35 +/- 10%. The purification process was fast (<30 min) and easy to automate, and the low cost of wafer fabrication makes it appropriate for single-use applications.
Assembly of custom TALE-type DNA binding domains by modular cloning (2011)

Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) DNA binding proteins show tremendous potential as molecular tools for targeted binding to any desired DNA sequence. Their DNA binding domain consists of tandem arranged repeats, and due to this repetitive structure it is challenging to generate designer TALEs (dTALEs) with user-defined specificity. We present a cloning approach that facilitates the assembly of multiple repeat-encoding DNA fragments that translate into dTALEs with pre-defined DNA binding specificity. This method makes use of type IIS restriction enzymes in two sequential cut-ligase reactions to build dTALE repeat arrays. We employed this modular approach for generation of a dTALE that differentiates between two highly similar DNA sequences that are both targeted by the Xanthomonas TALE, AvrBs3. These data show that this modular assembly system allows rapid generation of highly specific TALE-type DNA binding domains that target binding sites of predefined length and sequence. This approach enables the rapid and flexible production of dTALEs for gene regulation and genome editing in routine and high-throughput applications.