gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Moments of Molecules in Liquids (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectric Moments of Molecules in LiquidsLars OnsagerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 8, 1486–1493Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01299a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01299a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10253Altmetric-Citations4701LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Neostriatal Mosaic: Striatal Patch-Matrix Organization Is Related to Cortical Lamination (1989)

The basal ganglia, of which the striatum is the major component, process inputs from virtually all cerebral cortical areas to affect motor, emotional, and cognitive behaviors. Insights into how these seemingly disparate functions may be integrated have emerged from studies that have demonstrated that the mammalian striatum is composed of two compartments arranged as a mosaic, the patches and the matrix, which differ in their neurochemical and neuroanatomical properties. In this study, projections from prefrontal, cingulate, and motor cortical areas to the striatal compartments were examined with the Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) anterograde axonal tracer in rats. Each cortical area projects to both the patches and the matrix of the striatum; however, deep layer V and layer VI corticostriatal neurons project principally to the patches, whereas superficial layer V and layer III and II corticostriatal neurons project principally to the matrix. The relative contribution of patch and matrix corticostriatal projections varies among the cortical areas examined such that allocortical areas provide a greater number of inputs to the patches than to the matrix, whereas the reverse obtains for neocortical areas. These results demonstrate that the compartmental organization of corticostriatal inputs is related to their laminar origin and secondarily to the cytoarchitectonic area of origin.
An Abundance of Bidirectional Promoters in the Human Genome (2004)

The alignment of full-length human cDNA sequences to the finished sequence of the human genome provides a unique opportunity to study the distribution of genes throughout the genome. By analyzing the distances between 23,752 genes, we identified a class of divergently transcribed gene pairs, representing more than 10% of the genes in the genome, whose transcription start sites are separated by less than 1000 base pairs. Although this bidirectional arrangement has been previously described in humans and other species, the prevalence of bidirectional gene pairs in the human genome is striking, and the mechanisms of regulation of all but a few bidirectional genes are unknown. Our work shows that the transcripts of many bidirectional pairs are coexpressed, but some are antiregulated. Further, we show that many of the promoter segments between two bidirectional genes initiate transcription in both directions and contain shared elements that regulate both genes. We also show that the bidirectional arrangement is often conserved among mouse orthologs. These findings demonstrate that a bidirectional arrangement provides a unique mechanism of regulation for a significant number of mammalian genes.
Roles of cell-wall invertases and monosaccharide transporters in the growth and development of Arabidopsis (2002)

The hydrolysis of sucrose by cell-wall invertases (cwINV) and the subsequent import of hexoses into target cells appears to be crucial for appropriate metabolism, growth and differentiation in plants. Hexose uptake from the apoplast is catalysed by monosaccharide/H+ symporters (Sugar Transport Proteins or STPs), which have the potential to sense sugars. Import of extracellular hexoses may generate signals to orchestrate cellular activities, or simply feed metabolic pathways distinct from those fed by sucrose. It is predicted that Arabidopsis has six cwINV genes and at least 14 STP genes. These genes show different spatial and temporal patterns of expression, and several knock-out mutants have been isolated for analysis. AtSTP1 transports glucose, galactose, xylose, and mannose, but not fructose. It accounts for the majority of the AtSTP activity in vegetative tissues and its activity is markedly repressed by treatment with exogenous sugars. These observations are consistent with a role in the retrieval of cell-wall-derived sugars, for example, during carbohydrate limitation or cell expansion. The AtSTP1 gene is also expressed in developing seeds, where it might be responsible for the uptake of glucose derived from imported sucrose. The large number of AtcwINV and AtSTP genes, together with complex patterns of expression for each, and the possibility that each protein may have more than one physiological function, provides the plant with the potential for a multiplicity of patterns of monosaccharide utilization to direct growth and differentiation or to respond flexibly to changing environmental conditions.
Lipocortin 1 (annexin 1) in patches associated with the membrane of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line and in the cell cytoplasm (1998)

Lipocortin 1 (annexin I) is a calcium- and phospholipid-binding annexin protein which can be externalised from cells despite the lack of a signal sequence. To determine its cellular distribution lipocortin 1 in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was localised by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry and by cell fractionation and western blotting. Lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity is concentrated in prominent patches associated with the plasma membrane. The intensity of these patches varied with the confluence and duration of the culture and was not detectably diminished by an EDTA wash before fixation. Tubulin and cytokeratin 8 were colocalized with lipocortin 1 in the patches. Within the cells lipocortin 1 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed prominent immunoreactivity along the plasma membrane with occasional large clusters of gold particles in contact with the membrane surface of the cells; within the cytoplasm the membrane of some vesicle/vacuole structures and some small electron-dense bodies was immunoreactive, but no immunogold particles were associated with the multilamellar bodies. Subcellular fractionation, extraction and western blotting showed that lipocortin 1 in the membrane pellet was present as two distinct fractions; one, intimately associated with the lipid bilayer, which behaved like an integral membrane protein and one loosely attached which behaved like a peripheral membrane protein. The results show that a substantial amounts of lipocortin 1 is concentrated in focal structures associated with and immediately beneath the plasma membrane. These might form part of the mechanism by which lipocortin 1 is released from the cells.
CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Dominate Multiple Immune Evasion Mechanisms in Early but Not Late Phases of Tumor Development in a B Cell Lymphoma Model (2007)

Tumors use a complex set of direct and indirect mechanisms to evade the immune system. Naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells have been implicated recently in tumor immune escape mechanism, but the relative contribution of these cells to overall tumor progression compared with other immune evasion mechanisms remains to be elucidated. Using the A20 B cell lymphoma as a transplantable tumor model, we demonstrate that this tumor employs multiple direct (expression of immunoinhibitory molecule PD-L1, IDO, and IL-10, and lack of expression of CD80 costimulatory molecule) and indirect (down-regulation of APC function and induction of Treg cells) immune evasion mechanisms. Importantly, Treg cells served as the dominant immune escape mechanism early in tumor progression because the physical elimination of these cells before tumor challenge resulted in tumor-free survival in 70% of mice, whereas their depletion in animals with established tumors had no therapeutic effect. Therefore, our data suggest that Treg cells may serve as an important therapeutic target for patients with early stages of cancer and that more vigorous combinatorial approaches simultaneously targeting multiple immune evasion as well as immunosurveillance mechanisms for the generation of a productive immune response against tumor may be required for effective immunotherapy in patients with advanced disease.
Novel TRH analog improves motor and cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury in rodents (1999)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and certain TRH analogs show substantial neuroprotective effects in experimental brain or spinal cord trauma but also have other physiological actions (autonomic, analeptic, and endocrine) that may be undesirable for the treatment of neurotrauma in humans. We developed a novel TRH analog (2-ARA-53a), with substitutions at the NH(2)-terminus and imidazole ring, that preserves the neuroprotective action of TRH-like compounds while decreasing or eliminating their autonomic, analeptic, and endocrine effects. Rats administered 2-ARA-53a (1.0 mg/kg, n = 17) intravenously 30 min after lateral fluid percussion brain injury showed marked improvement in motor recovery compared with vehicle-treated controls (n = 14). Treatment of mice subjected to moderate controlled cortical impact brain injury, at the same dose and time after trauma (n = 8), improved both motor recovery and cognitive performance in a water maze place learning task compared with vehicle-treated controls (n = 8). In injured rats, no autonomic or analeptic effects were observed with this compound, and endocrine effects were significantly reduced with 2-ARA-53a, in contrast to those found with a typical NH(2)-terminal-substituted TRH analog (YM-14673). These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of TRH-related compounds can be dissociated from their other major physiological actions and suggest a potential role for dual-substituted TRH analogs in the treatment of clinical neurotrauma.
Insulin-Induced Phosphorylation and Activation of Phosphodiesterase 3B in Rat Adipocytes: Possible Role for Protein Kinase B But Not Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase or p70 S6 Kinase* (1998)

Insulin stimulation of adipocytes results in serine phosphorylation/activation of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) and activation of a kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B in vitro, key events in the antilipolytic action of this hormone. We have investigated the role for p70 S6 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and protein kinase B (PKB) in the insulin signaling pathway leading to phosphorylation/activation of PDE 3B in adipocytes. Insulin stimulation of adipocytes resulted in increased activity of p70 S6 kinase, which was completely blocked by pretreatment with rapamycin. However, rapamycin had no effect on the insulin-induced phosphorylation/activation of PDE 3B or the activation of the kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B. Stimulation of adipocytes with insulin or phorbol myristate acetate induced activation of MAP kinases. Pretreatment of adipocytes with the MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD 98059 was without effect on the insulin-induced activation of PDE 3B. Furthermore, phorbol myristate acetate stimulation did not result in phosphorylation/activation of PDE 3B or activation of the kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B. Using Mono Q and Superdex chromatography, the kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B was found to co-elute with PKB, but not with p70 S6 kinase or MAP kinases. Furthermore, both PKB and the kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B were found to translocate to membranes in response to peroxovanadate stimulation of adipocytes in a wortmannin-sensitive way. Whereas these results suggest that p70 S6 kinase and MAP kinases are not involved in the insulin-induced phosphorylation/activation of PDE 3B in rat adipocytes, they are consistent with PKB being the kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B.
Controlling and tuning strong optical field gradients at a local probe microscope tip apex (1997)

We show that strong optical field gradients can be created at the tip apex of a local probe microscope illuminated by an external light source. We demonstrate that these confined fields can be easily, precisely and continuously tuned by changing the polarization and the incidence of the external field. We also investigate the topology of the field intensity in the tip–surface junction.
Bioassay-guided isolation of antiatherosclerotic phytochemicals fromArtocarpus altilis (2006)

The cytoprotective effects of various solvent extracts of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg were evaluated. The cytoprotective effects were determined in human U937 cells incubated with oxidized LDL (OxLDL) using the 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1, 3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1) assay. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract showed cytoprotective activities. To identify the main cytoprotective components, a bioassay guided isolation of the ethyl acetate extract afforded b-sitosterol (1) and six flavonoids (2-7). Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with literature data. Of these compounds, compound 6 was obtained from A. altilis for the first time. The cytoprotective effect offers good prospects for the medicinal applications of A. altilis.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1999)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Selected Letters of Sergei Prokofiev. Ed. & trans. by Harlow Robinson. pp. xx + 348. ( Northeastern University Press, Boston & London, 1998, £38. ISBN 1-55553-347-7.) STEPHEN PRESS STEPHEN PRESS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 80, Issue 2, May 1999, Pages 317–319, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/80.2.317 Published: 01 May 1999
View-dependent refinement of progressive meshes (1997)

Level-of-detail (LOD) representations are an important tool for realtime rendering of complex geometric environments. The previously introduced progressive mesh representation defines for an arbitrary triangle mesh a sequence of approximating meshes optimized for view-independent LOD. In this paper, we introduce a framework for selectively refining an arbitrary progressive mesh according to changing view parameters. We define efficient refinement criteria based on the view frustum, surface orientation, and screen-space geometric error, and develop a real-time algorithm for incrementally refining and coarsening the mesh according to these criteria. The algorithm exploits view coherence, supports frame rate regulation, and is found to require less than 15% of total frame time on a graphics workstation. Moreover, for continuous motions this work can be amortized over consecutive frames. In addition, smooth visual transitions (geomorphs) can be constructed between any two selectively refined meshes.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION: Differential activity of aspirin, ketoprofen and sulindac as cancer chemopreventive agents in the mouse urinary bladder (1996)

In vivo studies were conducted to compare the activity of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as inhibitors of urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in B6D2F1 (BDF) mice by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN). Mice received continuous dietary exposure to non-toxic doses of aspirin, sulindac or ketoprofen beginning 1 week prior to the first of eight weekly doses of 7.5 mg OH-BBN; studies were terminated at 24 weeks after the first carcinogen dose. Both dose levels of sulindac (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) and both dose levels of ketoprofen (40 and 80 mg/kg diet) reduced the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder by >70% from that seen in dietary controls. The high dose of sulindac conferred the greatest protection against bladder cancer induction. In contrast, when administered at 400 and 800 mg/kg diet aspirin was inactive as a chemopreventive agent in the OH-BBN/BDF bladder cancer model. The significant potency of sulindac and ketoprofen as inhibitors of urinary bladder carcinogenesis, when considered with their history of safe human use, suggests that these agents merit further study as drugs for cancer chemoprevention in this target tissue.
Fluorinated acetylenes. Part I. The preparation of NN-bistrifluoromethylethynylamines (1968)

NN-Bistrifluoromethylethynylamine, (CF3)2N·C⋮CH, has been prepared in high yield by the reaction of N-bromobistrifluoromethylamine with acetylene, followed by dehydrobromination of the resultant 1 : 1-adduct, 2-bromo-NN-bistrifluoromethylvinylamine. The bromination of bistrifluoromethylvinylamine to give 1,2-dibromo-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine and the dehydrobromination of this adduct, by way of the olefin 1-bromo-NN-bis trifluoromethylvinylamine, also gives the acetylene. N-Bromobistrifluoromethylamine reacts with NN-bistrifluoromethylethynylamine to give 1,2-di(bistrifluoromethylamino)-1-bromoethylene, (CF3)2N·CBr:CH·N(CF3)2, and this on dehydrobromination gives perfluoro-1,2-bisdimethylaminoacetylene in good yield. The thermal reaction of trifluoroiodomethane with NN-bistrifluoromethylethynylamine gives a mixture of cis- and trans-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-iodo-NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-1-enylamine which dehydroiodinates readily to 3,3,3-trifluoro-NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-1-ynylamine. Other routes to this latter acetylene, which involve the preparation of 3,3,3-trifluoro-NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-1-enylamine, were also investigated, but these were less satisfactory.
Regulation of alternative splicing by PTB and associated factors (2005)

PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the α-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to these sites is assisted by co-operative binding to additional downstream sites. SM exon splicing can be activated by CELF proteins, which also bind co-operatively to interspersed sites and displace PTB from the pyrimidine tract. Exon 11 of PTB pre-mRNA is repressed by PTB in an autoregulatory feedback loop. Exon 11-skipped RNA gets degraded through nonsense-mediated decay. Less than 1% of steady-state PTB mRNA is represented by this isoform, but inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay by RNA interference against Upf1 shows that at least 20% of PTB RNA is consumed by this pathway. This represents a widespread but under-appreciated role of alternative splicing in the quantitative regulation of gene expression, an important addition to its role as a generator of protein isoform diversity. Repression of α-tropomyosin exon 3 is an exceptional example of PTB regulation, because repression only occurs at high levels in SM cells, despite the fact that PTB is widely expressed. In this case, a PTB-interacting cofactor, raver1, appears to play an important role. By the use of ‘tethering’ assays, we have identified discrete domains within both PTB and raver1 that mediate their repressive activities on this splicing event.
Next generation sequencing has lower sequence coverage and poorer SNP-detection capability in the regulatory regions (2011)

The rapid development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides a new chance to extend the scale and resolution of genomic research. How to efficiently map millions of short reads to the reference genome and how to make accurate SNP calls are two major challenges in taking full advantage of NGS. In this article, we reviewed the current software tools for mapping and SNP calling, and evaluated their performance on samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We found that BWA and Bowtie are better than the other alignment tools in comprehensive performance for Illumina platform, while NovoalignCS showed the best overall performance for SOLiD. Furthermore, we showed that next-generation sequencing platform has significantly lower coverage and poorer SNP-calling performance in the CpG islands, promoter and 5'-UTR regions of the genome. NGS experiments targeting for these regions should have higher sequencing depth than the normal genomic region.
A Selective Small Molecule c-MET Inhibitor, PHA665752, Cooperates with Rapamycin (2005)

PHA665752 is a potent small molecule-selective c-MET inhibitor and is highly active against TPR-MET-transformed cells both biologically and biochemically. PHA665752 is also active against H441 NSCLC cells. The c-MET inhibitor can cooperate with rapamycin in therapeutic inhibition of NSCLC, and in vivo studies of this combination against c-MET expressing cancers would be merited.
Hierarchical DFT with Combinational Scan Compression, Partition Chain and RPCT (2010)

Modular and hierarchical based test architecture are the two of the most common testing techniques used in complex SoC designs. However, modular test architectures uses an expensive (in terms of silicon area) test wrapper around each block. On the other hand hierarchical test architecture requires additional effort at block level to isolate each block from surrounding blocks and a TAM to perform scan compression. In this paper, we analyze the limitations of the modular test architecture. Based on the analysis, we propose a test plan for hierarchical test architecture by integrating partition chain, combinational scan compression and (RPCT) reduced pin count test. Experimental results show that approximately 50% of DFT area can be reduced using the partition chain as compared to standard test wrapper. It also demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed test plan using a commercial ATPG tool.
Spectrum of mutations in aspartylglucosaminuria. (1991)

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of aspartylglucosaminidase. We have earlier reported a single missense mutation (Cys163----Ser) to be responsible for 98% of the AGU alleles in the isolated Finnish population, which contains about 90% of the reported AGU patients. Here we describe the spectrum of 10 AGU mutations found in unrelated patients of non-Finnish origin. Since 11 out of 12 AGU patients were homozygotes, consanguinity has to be a common denominator in most AGU families. The mutations were distributed over the entire coding region of the aspartylglucosaminidase cDNA, except in the carboxyl-terminal 17-kDa subunit in which they were clustered within a 46-amino acid region. Based on the character of the mutations, most of them are prone to affect the folding and stability and not to directly affect the active site of the aspartylglucosaminidase enzyme.
Low-voltage 0.1 μm organic transistors and complementary inverter circuits fabricated with a low-cost form of near-field photolithography (1999)

This letter describes the combined use of a form of near-field photolithography that relies on a conformable phase masks with microcontact printing and shadow masking for low-cost fabrication of organic transistors and simple complementary inverter circuits with critical dimensions of ∼0.1 μm. The good performance of the devices and their low-voltage operation make them and the fabrication procedures potentially attractive for many applications.