gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Monoclonal Antibodies on the Colonization of Rats by Streptococcus sobrinus (1993)

Local passive immunization has been suggested as a method of preventing colonization of teeth by mutans streptococci. In this study we describe the effect of local application of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) on the colonization of Streptococcus sobrinus. The rats, 37 days old, were divided in 4 groups: group 1 received Mab OMVU10 (Mab reactive with Antigen B of S. sobrinus, IgG2b), group 2 received Clone 24 (Mab reactive with lipid A of Escherichia coli, IgG2b), group 3 received uninoculated culture medium, and group 4 received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mabs were applied 6 times on the surfaces of the molars and the labial surfaces of the incisors of the rats, on days 37, 40, 44, 46, 49 and 54 after birth. After the third application of Mabs, all rats were inoculated with S. sobrinus (day 45). Subsequently, the rats were fed a cariogenic diet containing 20% sucrose and 5% glucose. The rats were killed 34 days after inoculation and the maxillary molars were extracted and homogenized in order to determine the numbers of S. sobrinus. The proportions of S. sobrinus, expressed as a percentage of the total cultivable microflora, in rats which received OMVU10 (group 1) were 23.1 +/- 14.8%, whereas in rats which received Clone 24, culture medium or PBS the levels were 34.5 +/- 11.3%, 40.7 +/- 14.9% and 36.7 +/- 9.7%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the level of colonization of rats which received OMVU10 was significantly lower than that of rats which received Clone 24, culture medium or PBS (p < 0.001, p < 0.013 and p < 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adeno-Associated Virus Antibody Profiles in Newborns, Children, and Adolescents (2011)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector due to previous natural infection with wild-type AAV can significantly limit gene transfer. NAb titers to AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) and AAV8 in human subjects (0 to 18 years) were studied. NAb prevalence is moderate at birth, decreases markedly from 7 to 11 months, and then progressively increases through childhood and adolescence.
Treatment of pruritus in early-stage hypopigmented mycosis fungoides with aprepitant (2013)

Pruritus is a symptom that significantly affects the patient's quality of life in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). The most effective treatments are those that address the condition itself; however, it is often not possible to control this symptom. Lymphoma-related pruritus normally becomes more severe as CTCL progresses, constituting an important factor for quality of life in these patients. Substance P is a neuromodulator which appears to play a key role in pruritus. Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist affecting the substance P receptor. So far, several cases have been documented with an antipruritic response to the drug aprepitant in advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). In this paper, we describe an excellent response to aprepitant in a female patient with severe pruritus secondary to hypopigmented stage I MF. We would also like to stress the absence of nausea and vomiting of this combined therapy of interferon and aprepitant. Aprepitant could improve tolerance to interferon.
A study of the small intestinal mucosa using the scanning electron microscope (1969)

In this paper we describe the features of small intestinal structure in normal control subjects using the scanning electron microscope.
[Platinum compounds in cancer therapy--past, present, and future]. (2001)

Platinum cytotoxics play an important role globally in the management of solid tumours. Cisplatin sets the standard for efficacy in both regions with careful administration to reduce nephrotoxicity. Carboplatin is associated with neurotoxicity, but has become the leading product in the US due largely to the easier to manage toxicity profile. Both agents have been widely used in both registered and non registered indications and are frequently combined with other cytotoxics. In Japan, cisplatin has been used successfully at low doses in combination with 5-FU based regimens and appears to achieve a synergistic effect, but controlled data are not yet available. More recently oxaliplatin (Europe) and nedaplatin (in Japan) have been introduced, but their clinical roles in therapy have yet to be established. One of the limiting features of the first generation of platinum compounds is that a significant proportion of tumours develop cross resistance to platins due to either changes in uptake or excretion, intracellular detoxification or accelerated DNA repair. The forum discussed the possibility for the development of better new platinum compounds, A new platin agent which had lower toxicity and higher efficacy across a wide range of cancers without the development of resistance would be a significant step forward. If the tolerability profile was suitable, an oral formulation may improve the quality of life for patients but this must not be at the expense of efficacy. Even after the introduction of new target based drugs, platinum cytotoxics are likely to be used to reduce the tumour mass and in some cases can be expected to potentiate the effects of the new agents. In preclinical studies, ZD0473 has been shown to by-pass some major mechanisms of resistance and has the potential to achieve these objectives and is now being evaluated in clinical studies in both Japan and the West.
Cell Cycle Gene Networks Are Associated with Melanoma Prognosis (2012)

This analysis identified co-expression of RNAs that encode functionally-related proteins, in particular, proliferation-associated RNA clusters that are linked to melanoma patient prognosis. Our analysis suggests that A375 cells in vitro may be valid models in which to study the gene expression modules that underlie some melanoma biological processes (e.g., proliferation) but not others (e.g., immune response). The gene expression modules identified here, and the RNAs predicted by Bayesian network inference to be upstream of these modules, are potential prognostic biomarkers and drug targets.
High Dynamic Range Imaging and Low Dynamic Range Expansion for Generating HDR Content (2009)

Abstract In the last few years, researchers in the field of High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging have focused on providing tools for expanding Low Dynamic Range (LDR) content for the generation of HDR images due to the growing popularity of HDR in applications, such as photography and rendering via Image‐Based Lighting, and the imminent arrival of HDR displays to the consumer market. LDR content expansion is required due to the lack of fast and reliable consumer level HDR capture for still images and videos. Furthermore, LDR content expansion, will allow the re‐use of legacy LDR stills, videos and LDR applications created, over the last century and more, to be widely available. The use of certain LDR expansion methods, those that are based on the inversion of Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs), has made it possible to create novel compression algorithms that tackle the problem of the size of HDR content storage, which remains one of the major obstacles to be overcome for the adoption of HDR. These methods are used in conjunction with traditional LDR compression methods and can evolve accordingly. The goal of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview on HDR Imaging, and an in depth review on these emerging topics.
Analysis of Positioning Uncertainty in Vehicular Environment (2016)

Applications like automatic safe lane change and adaptive forward collision avoidance are increasingly based on connected vehicles approach. At the heart of communications-based automotive safety applications lies the need for reliable position estimation. Augmenting GPS positioning by utilizing short-range wireless and other on-board sensors improve positioning accuracy. However, the introduction of short-range signals changes the traditional GPS problem configuration and introduces new challenges. In this paper, we investigate issues relevant to positioning accuracy. We show that the lateral component of positioning error presents the majority of the overall error. We analyze the uncertainty space and describe the factors leading to lower accuracy of lateral positioning component aiming at better understanding of components forming the total error.
Cleavage of sulfonamides with sodium naphthalene (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of sulfonamides with sodium naphthaleneSungchul. Ji, Leon B. Gortler, A. Waring, Angello J. Battisti, Shelton. Bank, William D. Closson, and Peter A. WriedeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 20, 5311–5312Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00996a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00996a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2358Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies. (2011)

There are approximately 12 million emergency department (ED) visits related to mental health/substance abuse annually. Approximately 650,000 patients are evaluated annually for suicide attempts. Evidence to guide the management and treatment of depression and suicidal ideation in the ED is limited. A large variation exists in the quality of care provided due to the lack of standardized guidelines aiding emergency clinicians. Depression ften manifests as unexplained somatic complaints, adding to the challenge of making this diagnosis in the ED. Recognition of depression by emergency clinicians has proved poor. Suicide is associated with multiple risk factors, of which a prior history of suicide attempts is the single strongest predictor. A systematic approach is required in the ED to identify patients with or at risk of having depression, and screening tools may offer utility to identify high-risk patients.
Tunable coupling scheme for flux qubits at the optimal point (2006)

We discuss a practical design for tunably coupling a pair of flux qubits via the quantum inductance of a third high-frequency qubit. The design is particularly well suited for realizing a recently proposed microwave-induced parametric coupling scheme. This is attractive because the qubits can always remain at their optimal points. Furthermore, we will show that the resulting coupling also has an optimal point where it is insensitive to low-frequency flux noise. This is an important feature for the coherence of coupled qubits. The presented scheme is an experimentally realistic way of carrying out two-qubit gates and should be easily extended to multiqubit systems.
CDC2-related kinase and metabolic regulation in B cell malignancies (49.19) (2007)

Abstract Microarray and qPCR analyses revealed that pre-transformed murine B cells and a variety of human and murine B cell lymphomas constitutively express high levels of Pftk1, a CDC2-related kinase. Expression of Pftk1 also was induced in normal b cells following activation. These findings suggest that Pftk1 is associated with B cell activation and that dysregulation of expression may be an early event in B cell transformation. While the function of Pftk1 in B cells is unknown, published studies on adipocytes suggest that it may have a regulatory role in glycolysis. Concurrent with the increased expression of Pftk1 in B cell tumors, there is a 2–6 fold increase in the levels of transcripts for genes encoding the glycolytic pathway enzymes, including Hk2, Pgam1, Ldh1, and Pkm2. Currently, we are using a variety of molecular approaches to further investigate the relationship between enhanced Pftk1 expression and increased glycolysis in malignant B cells and to determine whether Pftk1 functions as an oncogene. This work was supported by Arthritis Foundation Chapter Research Grant and NIH grant CA82872-02 awarded to W.F.D.
Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans GS-5 fruA gene encoding exo-beta-D-fructosidase (1992)

The complete nucleotide sequence (5,010 bp) of the fructanase gene (fruA) and flanking regions of the chromosome of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 was determined. The fruA gene appears to be the sole transcript arising from a proximal promoter. The presumed precursor of the secreted FruA protein consists of 1,423 amino acids, and it has an M(r) of 158,656 and a pI of 4.82. The N terminus of FruA has characteristics in common with signal peptides of gram-positive organisms. The C terminus consists of a serine- and threonine-rich region, followed by the peptide LPDTGD, 4 charged amino acids, 21 amino acids with a strongly hydrophobic character, and a charged pentapeptide tail, which are proposed to correspond to the wall-spanning region, the LPXTGX consensus sequence, and the membrane-spanning domains of surface-associated proteins of gram-positive cocci. The FruA protein has significant homology with the Bacillus subtilis levanase (SacC), the Bacteroides fragilis levanase (ScrL), yeast invertases, and a number of other beta-fructosidases but not with fructosyltransferase, glucosyltransferases, or glucan-binding proteins of oral streptococci. Genes with homology to fruA were detected in S. mutans serotype c, e, and f strains, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguis. A deletion derivative of FruA lacking the C-terminal 437 amino acids was still functional and could hydrolyze beta-(2,6)- and beta-(2,1)-linked sugars, but with altered preference for substrates. The data begin to define functional domains of the FruA protein and potential regulatory sites for induction, repression, growth rate control, and posttranslational localization of this multifunctional enzyme.
Reinforcing Mechanism by Small Diameter Fiber in Short Fiber Composite (1988)

Influence of fiber diameter on the mechanical properties of short fiber composite was studied by using smaller diameter fibers than conventional ones. Strength and toughness of the composite reinforced with the small diameter fibers were improved, compared to those of the composite reinforced with the conventional ones, except for extremely small diameter fibers. Thus, there exists the maximum value for the strength and toughness for the optimum fiber diameter. This result indicates that there is an optimum condition for the reinforcing effectiveness by the small diameter fibers. In order to analyze the reinforc ing mechanism by the small diameter fibers, fracture mechanism of the composite was studied by an acoustic emission analysis, in-situ SEM observation of failure process, and observation of plastic deformation of the matrix. As a result, initiation and propagation of microcracks occurring at fiber/matrix interface were found to be strongly suppressed by using the small diameter fibers, compared with those in the conventional composite. A model for explaining the reinforcing mechanism by the small diameter fibers was pro posed, which can well explain the presence of the optimum fiber diameter, resulting in the highest reinforcing effectiveness for the composite.
Evidence Supporting a Role for Calcium in Apoptosis Induction by the Synthetic Triterpenoid 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic Acid (CDDO) (2004)

The synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a novel anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. The cytotoxic stress underpinning CDDO-induced apoptosis has not been established. This study compared and contrasted the effects of CDDO on COLO 16 human skin cancer cells and their respiration-deficient (rho(0)) clones to elucidate the stress signal responsible for initiating apoptosis. CDDO promoted apoptosis in COLO 16 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The rho(0) clones appeared to be more sensitive to CDDO-induced apoptosis implying that the disruption of mitochondrial respiration was not directly associated with triggering cell death. After a 4-h exposure to CDDO, mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential-sensitive dyes revealed mitochondrial hyperpolarization in the COLO 16 cells and mitochondrial depolarization in the rho(0) clones. Electron microscopy illustrated that this exposure also promoted mitochondrial condensation, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, and chromatin condensation in the COLO 16 cells. Endoplasmic reticulum dilation and chromatin condensation were also observed in the rho(0) clones, but the mitochondria in these cells were markedly swollen implying that the disruption of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis was associated with cell death. A Ca(2+)-sensitive dye confirmed that CDDO increased cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) in the COLO 16 cells, their rho(0) clones, as well as in malignant breast and lung epithelial cells. A cell-permeant Ca(2+) chelator reduced the CDDO-induced increase in cytoplasmic free Ca(2+), and inhibited caspase activation, the development of apoptotic morphology, and DNA fragmentation in the COLO 16 cells, implying that Ca(2+) played a pivotal role in signaling the initiation of apoptosis.
Preclinical development of a recombinant toxin containing circularly permuted interleukin 4 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of malignant astrocytoma. (1996)

Effective treatment is lacking for malignant glioblastoma/astrocytoma. We have identified interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) on human malignant astrocytoma. We demonstrate that 16 of 21 surgical samples of high-grade astrocytoma and glioblastoma but not normal brain tissues expressed IL-4R as assessed by reverse transcriptase PCR. We further demonstrate that human malignant astrocytoma cell lines express high-affinity IL-4R. Using a chimeric protein composed of circularly permuted IL-4 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, we observed that this toxin IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL) is highly cytotoxic to IL-4R-bearing glioblastoma cells. Compared with a previously reported IL4-PE chimeric protein (IL-PE4E), IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL bound with higher affinity and was 3-30-fold more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cell lines. Upon intrathecal administration in monkeys, high cerebrospinal fluid IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL levels were achieved using 2- and 6-microg/kg doses without any central nervous system or other abnormalities. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL levels were not detectable in the serum of any monkey studied. When IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL was injected into the right frontal cortex of rats, localized necrosis was observed at 1000-ng/ml doses but not at < or = 100-ng/ml doses. We conclude that by localized administration, nontoxic levels of IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL can be achieved, which may have significant cytotoxic activity against malignant astrocytoma.
Recruitment of CTL Activity by Tumor-Specific Antibody-Mediated Targeting of Single-Chain Class I MHC-Peptide Complexes (2002)

The MHC class I-restricted CD8 CTL effector arm of the adaptive immune response is uniquely equipped to recognize tumor cells as foreign and consequently initiates the cascade of events resulting in their destruction. However, tumors have developed sophisticated strategies to escape immune effector mechanisms; their most well-known strategy is down-regulation of MHC class I molecules. To overcome this and develop new approaches for immunotherapy, we have constructed a recombinant molecule in which a single-chain MHC is specifically targeted to tumor cells through its fusion to cancer-specific recombinant Ab fragments. As a model we used a single-chain HLA-A2 molecule genetically fused to the variable domains of an anti-IL-2Ralpha subunit-specific humanized Ab, anti-Tac. The construct, termed B2M-aTac(dsFv), was expressed in Escherichia coli, and functional molecules were produced by in vitro refolding in the presence of HLA-A2-restricted antigenic peptides. Flow cytometry studies revealed the ability to decorate Ag-positive, HLA-A2-negative human tumor cells with HLA-A2-peptide complexes in a manner that was entirely dependent upon the specificity of the targeting Ab fragment. Most importantly, the B2M-aTac(dsFv)-mediated coating of the target tumor cells made them susceptible for efficient and specific HLA-A2-restricted, melanoma gp100 peptide-specific CTL-mediated lysis. These results demonstrate the concept that Ab-guided, Ag-specific targeting of MHC-peptide complexes on tumor cells can render them susceptible and more receptive and thus potentiate CTL killing. This type of approach may open the way for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies based on Ab targeting of natural cognate MHC ligands and CTL-based cytotoxic mechanisms.
Dynamic responses of widely tunable sampled grating DBR lasers (1996)

The modulation bandwidth, dynamic mode suppression ratio, and wavelength chirp of directly modulated sampled grating DBR lasers have been measured. Although the tuning range can be up to an order of magnitude larger than in simple DBR lasers, the chirp is about the same or better over a wide range of operation parameters. The modulation bandwidth was in excess of 4 GHz and the dynamic MSR remained larger than 40 dB as long as the current did not swing below threshold. The linewidth enhancement factor was extracted from the measured chirp parameters and ranged from three to eight for different lasing wavelengths of the tunable lasers. The dispersion of the linewidth enhancement factor is consistent with published theoretical predictions.
Experimental reproduction of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) by infection with Lelystad vims: Koch's postulates fulfilled (1991)

Aerosol exposure of eight pregnant sows to cell-culture- propagated Lelystad virus resulted in clinical signs characteristic of so-called mystery swine disease. After an incubation of 4-7 days, all sows were inappetant and listless for 6-9 days. Two sows developed a transient red-blue discolouration of the ears ('abortus blauw' or blue ear disease) accompanied by abdominal respiration, and two had a fever for one day only. One sow aborted at 109 days of gestation. The other seven sows, farrowing between 113 and 117 days of gestation, gave birth to numerous mummified, dead, and weak piglets. Of these seven, the mean number of piglets born dead to each sow was 4.6 and the mean number born alive was 7.7; 3.1 piglets per sow (40%) died within the first week. Lelystad virus was isolated from 31 piglets, which were born dead or died shortly after birth. Antibody was detected in precolostral blood samples or ascitic fluids of 23 piglets, a finding which demonstrated transplacental passage of the virus in six out of eight litters. We conclude that Lelystad virus is the causal agent of mystery swine disease. Since its aetiology is no longer a mystery, we propose the more appropriate name 'porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS)'.