gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agriculture (1987)

In the Stalin era the primary objective of agricultural policy was to ensure an adequate supply of food and agricultural products to allow rapid industrialisation at the lowest possible cost in terms of resources allocated to the agricultural sector. This was achieved by means of a centralised administrative system which stifled and distorted local initiative and which was based on compulsory procurement quotas paid for at very low prices. These quotas were established centrally and were based, not on what the farms produced, but on the sown area which was controlled by production plans specifying in great detail and in a very arbitrary way what each farm had to do. The procurement quotas were augmented by heavy payments-in-kind for services provided by Machine Tractor Stations (MTS) which carried out mechanised work on the farms. The system was designed to ensure that the flow of agricultural produce to the state was not significantly affected by poor harvests, whether due to bad weather or to bad farming practices. A considerable proportion of agricultural investment was funded out of the very low revenue of the farms in such a way that investment requirements had priority over payments for labour. Although effective in extracting the resources required the system alienated the agricultural workers with serious effects on output.KeywordsLivestock ProductLocal OfficialAgricultural WorkerParty OrganisationAdministrative ReformThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Clozapine Treatment for Suicidality in Schizophrenia<subtitle>International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT)</subtitle> (2003)

Clozapine therapy demonstrated superiority to olanzapine therapy in preventing suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at high risk for suicide. Use of clozapine in this population should lead to a significant reduction in suicidal behavior.
Evaluation Vs. Assessment: The Students Perspective on the Student Evaluation Process (2003)

This study explores the relationship between the student and the instrument within the larger contexts of evaluation and assessment. The discussion is placed within the current practice of evaluation at CSUMB. And the need to adopt an alternate practice to address student concerns regarding the process.
A CD40L-targeting protein reduces autoantibodies and improves disease activity in patients with autoimmunity (2019)

The CD40/CD40L axis plays a central role in the generation of humoral immune responses and is an attractive target for treating autoimmune diseases in the clinic. Here, we report the generation and clinical results of a CD40L binding protein, VIB4920, which lacks an Fc domain, therefore avoiding platelet-related safety issues observed with earlier monoclonal antibody therapeutics that targeted CD40L. VIB4920 blocked downstream CD40 signaling events, resulting in inhibition of human B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation, and did not induce platelet aggregation in preclinical studies. In a phase 1 study in healthy volunteers, VIB4920 suppressed antigen-specific IgG in a dose-dependent fashion after priming and boosting with the T-dependent antigen, KLH. Furthermore, VIB4920 significantly reduced circulating Ki67<sup>+</sup> dividing B cells, class-switched memory B cells, and a plasma cell gene signature after immunization. In a phase 1b proof-of-concept study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, VIB4920 significantly decreased disease activity, achieving low disease activity or clinical remission in more than 50% of patients in the two higher-dose groups. Dose-dependent decreases in rheumatoid factor autoantibodies and Vectra DA biomarker score provide additional evidence that VIB4920 effectively blocked the CD40/CD40L pathway. VIB4920 demonstrated a good overall safety profile in both clinical studies. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of VIB4920 to significantly affect autoimmune disease and humoral immune activation and to support further evaluation of this molecule in inflammatory conditions.
Social Class of Men, Women and Families (1984)

An increased interest in the social class position of women has followed the increased labour force participation of married women. But if more than one member of a family is assigned a class position independently of the other members, the two basic factors of class position, according to Lockwood, work situation and market situation, do not necessarily coincide, since the work situation relates uniquely to the individual, while the market situation refers to the family or household. It is suggested that work position, based on the occupations of individuals, should be used as an indicator of the work situation, and that class position, based on information about the occupations of those family members who carry the economic responsibility of the household, should be used as the indicator of the market situation. A way for ascribing a class position to families, and thereby to family members, is developed. It utilizes the work positions of both spouses and is based on an order of dominance, where occupations high in this order are presumed to influence the market situation of the family more than occupations of lower levels. Class positions of single individuals or families are thought to be rather stable over time. Although women are shown to have looser attachments to the labour market, we do not find more intragenerational mobility among women than among men, neither in terms of work position nor in terms of class.
Analysis of Pig Growth from Birth to Sixty Days of Age (2004)

Alternative versions of common nonlinear growth functions were evaluated on 433 pigs (220 gilts and 213 barrows) from birth to 61 d of age. Pigs were weighed at birth, weaning (19 d of age; SD = 2.4 d), 19 d postweaning, and 42 d postweaning. The model with the best fit based on residual standard derivation (RSD) was BW = exp [(b0 + b1 (age + 35) + b2 (age + 35)2)], which fit each individual pig’s BW data to the function. Although the function resulted in the smallest RSD (0.336 kg), it did not predict birth BW (R = 0.65) as precisely as it predicted weaning BW and later BW (R = 0.96 to 099). Also, the RSD was different at the four weigh dates and ranged from 0.04 to 0.45 kg. Birth BW had a linear-quadratic relationship with subsequent BW. Increasing birth BW of pigs with lighter birth BW had a much greater impact on increasing subsequent BW than increasing birth BW of the heaviest pigs. Also, BW taken at 19 and 42 d postweaning had linear-quadratic relationships with weaning BW. The linear-quadratic relationships between the actual BW were predicted by fitting the exponential function to each pig’s BW data. The relationships amongst the b0, b1, and b2 values of the pigs were nonlinear and complex. The results indicate that increasing the BW of the lightest birth BW pigs could increase the mean and decrease the variance in BW at subsequent ages.
Introduction: Heterogeneous Catalysis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction: Heterogeneous CatalysisSteven M. GeorgeCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 3, 475–476Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00035a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00035a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6085Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Using experience with bidirectional HL7-ACR-NEMA interfaces between the federal government HIS/RIS and commercial PACS to plan for DICOM</title> (1995)

The Department of Veterans Affairs has developed a bidirectional HL7 - ACR-NEMA V 2.0 interface for connecting existing federal government hospital/radiology information systems (HIS/RIS) to commercial picture archive and communication systems (PACS). The interface has been in use since October 1993 at the Baltimore VAMC between the VA's HIS/RIS (DHCP) and a commercial PACS, and handles both text and image transfer. The text-only portion of the interface has been ported to work with a second vendor's PACS, and to work with the Department of Defense HIS/RIS (CHCS). Currently the interface is in production at two VA and three DoD sites. The common benefit experienced at all these sites is that passing patient, order, and report information directly from the HIS/RIS to the PACS greatly improves the flow of work in the Radiology Department. Image transfer to the DHCP Imaging System at the Baltimore VAMC demonstrated the advantage of providing `reference quality' (1K X 1K X 8-bit) radiology images to treating clinicians throughout the hospital. Experience has shown that the gateway must handle transactions between the HIS/RIS and the PACS quickly in order to keep up with the volume, and must provide an audit trail for system diagnostic purposes. Work is underway to construct a HL7 - DICOM gateway built upon the operational experience gathered from the existing interface.
Aqueous Rechargeable Li and Na Ion Batteries (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTAqueous Rechargeable Li and Na Ion BatteriesHaegyeom Kim†, Jihyun Hong†, Kyu-Young Park†, Hyungsub Kim†, Sung-Wook Kim§, and Kisuk Kang*†‡View Author Information† Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea‡ Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea§ Nuclear Fuel Cycle Development Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea*Phone: +82-2-880-7088. Fax: +82-2-885-9671. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11788–11827Publication Date (Web):September 11, 2014Publication History Received28 April 2014Published online11 September 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500232yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500232yreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42966Altmetric-Citations1203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Ions,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Networks (2017)

Unsupervised image-to-image translation aims at learning a joint distribution of images in different domains by using images from the marginal distributions in individual domains. Since there exists an infinite set of joint distributions that can arrive the given marginal distributions, one could infer nothing about the joint distribution from the marginal distributions without additional assumptions. To address the problem, we make a shared-latent space assumption and propose an unsupervised image-to-image translation framework based on Coupled GANs. We compare the proposed framework with competing approaches and present high quality image translation results on various challenging unsupervised image translation tasks, including street scene image translation, animal image translation, and face image translation. We also apply the proposed framework to domain adaptation and achieve state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets. Code and additional results are available in https://github.com/mingyuliutw/unit .
[Bone sterilization by radiation and the HIV virus]. (1993)

An experimental study was performed to investigate the efficacy of irradiating HIV-contaminated allografts. Irradiation was achieved using an accelerator delivering 6.3 MeV electrons, and the viral strain was HIV-1/LAV-1. At an activity equivalent to 600.000 counts of reverse transcriptase activity per minute and per millilitre, irradiation permitted total inactivation of HIV. In the light of present data concerning plasma viremia in HIV-infected patients, this experiment suggested that irradiation minimizes as far as possible the risk of transmitting HIV infection through bone transplantation from a seronegative, contaminant donor. However, in view of the relative imprecision of viral sensitivity curves, irradiation does not authorize bone transplantation from a seropositive patient, even though the bone has been irradiated.
Alcoholism (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The thoughtful letters of Lew (223:800, 1973), of Buchan, and of Levitt and Weedman (224:526, 1973) on alcoholism make stimulating but rather discouraging reading, and bring up a question. Until we have a sure cure for this, our No. 1 drug abuse problem, shouldn't we direct more effort toward deglamorizing drinking? Shouldn't our great, good, protective government, which tells us how to practice medicine and decrees which medications we can and cannot use, get on the stick and stop all advertising of drinking as a passport to Happiness in Life, Acceptance in Society, and Success in Business? How ironic it is for magazines, billboards, and newspapers to bombard us with seductive advertisements for alcohol, our most dangerous addicting drug, which is available by over-the-counter sale, while our ever-more-obese population is apparently to be doomed to fight alone against the frustration, emotional trauma, and hypercholesteremia of overweight because the
An adaptive system for traffic sign recognition (2005)

Traffic sign recognition is a primary goal of almost all road environment understanding systems. A vision system for traffic sign recognition was developed by Daimler-Benz Research Center Ulm. The two main modules of the system are detection and verification (recognition). Here regions of possible traffic signs in a color image sequence are first detected before each of them is verified and recognized. In this paper the authors pay attention to the verification and recognition process. The authors present an adaptive approach and emphasize the importance of the adaptability to various road and traffic sign environments. The authors utilize a distance-weighted k-nearest-neighbor classifier for traffic sign recognition and show its equivalence to the kind of radial basis function networks which can be easily integrated into chips. The authors also present a way to evaluate the uncertainty of recognized traffic signs and demonstrate their approach using real images.
A wavelength encoded multichannel optical bus for local area networks (1996)

A scalable, high-speed, wavelength encoded multichannel optical bus (WEMCOB) employing the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is proposed to reduce the link speed requirement, the wiring complexity, and the number of optical amplifiers for local area networks. In this paper, a hierarchical network topology is adopted, in which a dual unidirectional WEMCOB with separate control and data channels composes the backbone network, and unidirectional tree-based WEMCOB's with centralized arbiters constitute the subnetworks. We perform a feasibility study on the implementation of a local area network based on the WEMCOB, discuss the related issues, and show that a total transmission capacity of several tens of gigabits per second (Gb/s) can be achieved to serve a large number of broadband users by utilizing today's optoelectronic technology.
Oncostatin M Stimulates the Growth of Dermal Fibroblasts Via a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway (2000)

Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the hemopoietic cytokine family, has been implicated in the process of fibrosis and dermal wound healing. As a part of an ongoing study of the mechanisms of fibrosis and dermal wound healing, we have investigated the mechanism of the growth regulation of dermal fibroblasts by OSM. OSM stimulates the mitogenesis of dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was completely blocked by anti-OSM IgG, but not by anti-IL-6 IgG. Furthermore, OSM induction was abolished by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or by PD98059, a specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway inhibitor, but not by calphostin C, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Immunoblotting analysis using a specific Ab against phosphorylated MAP kinase (Thr202/Tyr204) showed that OSM induces phosphorylation of MAP kinase in dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, transient transfection of the dominant-negative mutant MAP kinase into dermal fibroblasts abolished the OSM induction. These results strongly suggest that OSM stimulates the growth of dermal fibroblasts via a MAP kinase-dependent pathway.
Calcium gradients and buffers in bovine chromaffin cells. (1992)

1. Digital imaging and photometry were used in conjunction with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Fura-2, to examine intracellular Ca2+ signals produced by depolarization of single adrenal chromaffin cells. 2. Depolarization with a patch pipette produced radial gradients of Ca2+ within the cell, with Ca2+ concentration highest in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. These gradients dissipated within a few hundred milliseconds when the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels were closed. 3. Dialysis of Fura-2 into the chromaffin cell caused concentration-dependent changes in the depolarization-induced Ca2+ signal, decreasing its magnitude and slowing its recovery time course. These changes were used to estimate the properties of the endogenous cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffer with which Fura-2 competes for Ca2+. 4. The spatially averaged Fura-2 signal was well described by a model assuming fast competition between Fura-2 and an endogenous buffer on a millisecond time scale. Retrieval of calcium by pumps and slow buffers occurs on a seconds-long time scale. No temporal changes indicative of buffers with intermediate kinetics could be detected. 5. Two independent estimates of the capacity of the fast endogenous Ca2+ buffer suggest that 98-99% of the Ca2+ entering the cell normally is taken up by this buffer. This buffer appears to be immobile, because it does not wash out of the cell during dialysis. It has a low affinity for Ca2+ ions, because it does not saturate with 1 microM-Ca2+ inside the cell. 6. The low capacity, affinity and mobility of the endogenous Ca2+ buffer makes it possible for relatively small amounts of exogenous Ca2+ buffers, such as Fura-2, to exert a significant influence on the characteristics of the Ca2+ concentration signal as measured by fluorescence ratios. On the other hand, even at moderate Fura-2 concentrations (0.4 mM) Fura-2 will dominate over the endogenous buffers. Under these conditions radiometric Ca2+ concentration signals are largely attenuated, but absolute fluorescence changes (at 390 nm) accurately reflect calcium fluxes.
Post-Concussion Cognitive Declines and Symptomatology Are Not Related to Concussion Biomechanics in High School Football Players (2011)

Concussion is a major public health concern with nearly 4 million injuries occurring each year in the United States. In the acute post-injury stage, concussed individuals demonstrate cognitive function and motor control declines as well as reporting increased symptoms. Researchers have hypothesized that the severity of these impairments is related to impact magnitude. Using the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS) to record head impact biomechanics, we sought to correlate pre- and post-concussive impact characteristics with declines in cognitive performance and increases in concussion-related symptoms. Over four seasons, 19 high school football athletes wearing instrumented helmets sustained 20 diagnosed concussions. Each athlete completed a baseline computer-based symptom and cognitive assessment during the pre-season and a post-injury assessment within 24 h of injury. Correlational analyses identified no significant relationships between symptoms and cognitive performance change scores and impact biomechanics (i.e., time from session start until injury, time from the previous impact, peak linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and HIT severity profile [HITsp]). Nor were there any significant relationships between change scores and the number of impacts, cumulative linear acceleration, cumulative rotational acceleration, or cumulative HITsp values associated with all impacts prior to or following the injury. This investigation is the first to examine the relationship between concussion impact characteristics, including cumulative impact profiles, and post-morbid outcomes in high school athletes. There appears to be no association between head impact biomechanics and post-concussive outcomes. As such, the use of biomechanical variables to predict injury severity does not appear feasible at this time.
Cloning and expression of cDNAs for two distinct murine tumor necrosis factor receptors demonstrate one receptor is species specific. (1991)

Complementary DNA clones encoding two distinct tumor necrosis factor receptors were isolated from a mouse macrophage cDNA library. The cDNA for murine tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (mTNF-R1) predicts a mature polypeptide of 425 amino acids that is 64% identical to its human counterpart, whereas the cDNA of murine tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 (mTNF-R2) predicts a mature protein of 452 amino acids that is 62% identical to human tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2. The two murine tumor necrosis factor receptors have limited sequence homology (approximately 20% identity) in their extracellular regions but no apparent similarity in their cytoplasmic portions. Northern (RNA) analysis indicates a single 2.6-kilobase (kb) transcript for mTNF-R1; a 3.6-kb and a more predominant 4.5-kb transcript are observed for mTNF-R2. A human cell line transfected with either mTNF-R1 or mTNF-R2 expression vectors specifically bound 125I-labeled recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Although mTNF-R1 had a similar affinity for both recombinant murine TNF-alpha and human TNF-alpha, mTNF-R2 showed strong specificity for recombinant murine TNF-alpha. This result suggests that the various activities of human tumor necrosis factor alpha reported in mice or in murine cell lines are probably mediated by mTNF-R1.