gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations (2019)

Monitoring of vital signs is critical for patient triage and management. Principal assessments of patient conditions include respiratory rate heart/pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. However, these assessments are usually carried out with multiple sensors placed in different body locations. The aim of this paper is to identify a single location on the human anatomy whereby a single 1 cm × 1 cm non-invasive sensor could simultaneously measure heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), and respiration rate (RR), at rest and while walking. To evaluate the best anatomical location, we analytically compared eight anatomical locations for photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors simultaneously acquired by a single microprocessor at rest and while walking, with a comparison to a commercial pulse oximeter and respiration rate ground truth. Our results show that the forehead produced the most accurate results for HR and SpO<sub>2</sub> both at rest and walking, however, it had poor RR results. The finger recorded similar results for HR and SpO<sub>2</sub>, however, it had more accurate RR results. Overall, we found the finger to be the best location for measurement of all three parameters at rest; however, no site was identified as capable of measuring all parameters while walking.
Density-based separation in multiphase systems provides a simple method to identify sickle cell disease (2014)

Although effective low-cost interventions exist, child mortality attributable to sickle cell disease (SCD) remains high in low-resource areas due, in large part, to the lack of accessible diagnostic methods. The presence of dense (ρ > 1.120 g/cm(3)) cells is characteristic of SCD. The fluid, self-assembling step-gradients in density created by aqueous multiphase systems (AMPSs) identifies SCD by detecting dense cells. AMPSs separate different forms of red blood cells by density in a microhematocrit centrifuge and provide a visual means to distinguish individuals with SCD from those with normal hemoglobin or with nondisease, sickle-cell trait in under 12 min. Visual evaluation of a simple two-phase system identified the two main subclasses of SCD [homozygous (Hb SS) and heterozygous (Hb SC)] with a sensitivity of 90% (73-98%) and a specificity of 97% (86-100%). A three-phase system identified these two types of SCD with a sensitivity of 91% (78-98%) and a specificity of 88% (74-98%). This system could also distinguish between Hb SS and Hb SC. To the authors' knowledge, this test demonstrates the first separation of cells by density with AMPSs, and the usefulness of AMPSs in point-of-care diagnostic hematology.
Spatial Projection of Electronic Conductivity: The Example of Conducting Bridge Memory Materials (2018)

Conducting bridge random access memory materials have special promise for FLASH memory, other applications beside, and also special potential for continued miniaturization. They are electronic materials of unique flexibility. Here, we offer new models of Cu‐doped alumina, and reveal qualitative differences in the behavior of transition metal ions in chalcogenide and oxide hosts, showing that Cu clusters in an amorphous alumina host, in contrast with chalcogenides in which the metal atoms do not cluster. We further elucidate the processes of electron transport. To determine these, the Kubo–Greenwood formula is cast in a form to enable the estimate of a space‐projected conductivity. The method reveals those parts of the networks that may conduct a current (or absorb radiation at frequency ω ).
Image processing with ImageJ (2004)

Wayne Rasband of NIH has created ImageJ, an open source Java-written program that is now at version 1.31 and is used for many imaging applications, including those that that span the gamut from skin analysis to neuroscience. ImageJ is in the public domain and runs on any operating system (OS). ImageJ is easy to use and can do many imaging manipulations. A very large and knowledgeable group makes up the user community for ImageJ. Topics covered are imaging abilities; cross platform; image formats support as of June 2004; extensions, including macros and plug-ins; and imaging library. NIH reports tens of thousands of downloads at a rate of about 24,000 per month currently. ImageJ can read most of the widely used and significant formats used in biomedical images. Manipulations supported are read/write of image files and operations on separate pixels, image regions, entire images, and volumes (stacks in ImageJ). Basic operations supported include convolution, edge detection, Fourier transform, histogram and particle analyses, editing and color manipulation, and more advanced operations, as well as visualization. For assistance in using ImageJ, users e-mail each other, and the user base is highly knowledgeable and will answer requests on the mailing list. A thorough manual with many examples and illustrations has been written by Tony Collins of the Wright Cell Imaging Facility at Toronto Western Research Institute and is available, along with other listed resources, via the Web.
Adeno-associated virus effectively mediates conditional gene modification in the brain (2002)

The Cre/loxP system is increasingly showing promise for investigating genes involved in neural function. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo modification of genes in the mouse brain can be accomplished in a spatial- and temporal-specific manner by targeted delivery of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a green fluorescent protein/Cre recombinase (GFP/Cre) fusion protein. By using a reporter mouse, in which Cre recombinase activates beta-galactosidase expression, we demonstrate long-term recombination of neurons in the hippocampus, striatum, and septum as early as 7 days after stereotaxic injection of virus. Recombined cells were observed for at least 6 months postinjection without evidence of cell loss or neural damage. AAV-mediated delivery of GFP/Cre provides a valuable approach to alter the mouse genome, as AAV delivers genes efficiently to neurons with low toxicity. This approach will greatly facilitate the study of genetic modifications in the mouse brain.
Sex ratio imbalance in transposition of the great arteries and possible agricultural environmental risk factors. (2001)

A significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for several congenital cardiac malformations. Transposition of the great arteries has been associated with a such a bias but no explanation has been proposed for this bias. We evaluated 95 isolated livebirths with transposition of the great arteries cases referred to the Sicilian Registry of Congenital Malformations from 1991 to 1998. We found a statistically significant male bias of 2.8 and this was significantly associated with both maternal and paternal occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals for male infants with transposition, but not for female infants. This study raises new questions about the possible role played by environmental chemicals in relationship to birth defects and to sex ratio imbalance.
Conformation and Stereodynamics ofN,N‘-Dinitroso-2,4,6,8-tetraaryl-3,7-diazabi-cyclo[3.3.1]nonanes1 (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTConformation and Stereodynamics of N,N'-Dinitroso-2,4,6,8-tetraaryl-3,7-diazabi-cyclo[3.3.1]nonanes1Maria Gdaniec, Marzena Pham, and Tadeusz PołońskiView Author Information Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznań, Poland and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 16, 5619–5622Publication Date (Web):August 8, 1997Publication History Received20 December 1996Published online8 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9623907https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9623907brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Molecular structure,Nitrogen,Phenyls,Substituents Get e-Alerts
Multimodal interaction with xforms (2006)

The increase in connected mobile computing devices has createdthe need for ubiquitous Web access. In many usagescenarios, it would be beneficial to interact multimodally.Current Web user interface description languages, such asHTML and VoiceXML, concentrate only on one modality.Some languages, such as SALT and X+V, allow combiningaural and visual modalities, but they lack ease-of-authoring,since both modalities have to be authored separately. Thus,for ease-of-authoring and maintainability, it is necessary toprovide a cross-modal user interface language, whose semanticlevel is higher. We propose a novel model, calledXFormsMM, which includes XForms 1.0 combined withmodality-dependent stylesheets and a multimodal interactionmanager. The model separates modality-independentparts from the modality-dependent parts, thus automaticallyproviding most of the user interface to all modalities.The model allows flexible modality changes, so that the usercan decide, which modalities to use and when.
Intertumor and Intratumor NY-ESO-1 Expression Heterogeneity Is Associated with Promoter-Specific and Global DNA Methylation Status in Ovarian Cancer (2008)

DNA methylation status is associated with both intertumor and intratumor NY-ESO-1 expression status in EOC. These findings support a novel chemoimmunotherapy approach using decitabine to augment NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy for treatment of recurrent EOC.
Nucleic acid vaccines (1995)

The use of nucleic acid-based vaccines is a novel approach to immunization that elicits immune responses similar to those induced by live, attenuated vaccines. Administration of nucleic acid vaccines results in the endogenous generation of viral proteins with native conformation, glycosylation profiles, and other posttranslational modifications that mimic antigen produced during natural viral infection. Nucleic acid vaccines have been shown to elicit both antibody and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to diverse protein antigens. Advantages of nucleic acid-based vaccines include the simplicity of the vector, the ease of delivery, the duration of expression, and, to date, the lack of evidence of integration. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this new and promising technology.
Radiomorphometry and biomechanical assessment of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and polymer in rabbit radius ostectomy model (1998)

The study objective was to determine the mechanical integrity and radiopacity of regenerated bone within critical-sized defects (CSDs) in radii of rabbits using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) with a porous, biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) carrier (designated PLA). Twenty millimeter, unilateral radial ostectomies were created in 96 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly assigned to six treatment groups with two euthanasia periods. Treatment groups included unfilled defect (n = 8), segmental autograft (n = 8), PLA + 0 microg rhBMP-2 (n = 8), PLA + 17 microg rhBMP-2 (n = 8), PLA + 35 microg rhBMP-2 (n = 8), and PLA + 70 microg rhBMP-2 (n = 8). The radiopacity was significantly greater for the 35- and 70-microg rhBMP-2 groups at 4 weeks compared to unfilled controls, PLA only, and 17-microg rhBMP-2 groups and equivalent to the autograft. At 8 weeks all groups receiving rhBMP-2 were equivalent to the autograft and significantly greater than unfilled defects and PLA alone. Similarly, the biomechanical analysis indicated significantly greater torque at failure for the 35-microg rhBMP-2 group compared to all other groups at 4 weeks. By 8 weeks all groups receiving rhBMP-2 and autograft had significantly greater torque than unfilled controls and PLA alone. These radiomorphometric and biomechanical results indicate PLA may be a suitable carrier for rhBMP-2 used for skeletal regeneration.
Parallelizing a reservoir simulator using MPI (2002)

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) was developed to address the issue of portability of parallel codes to different parallel computers. It has been implemented on Intel iPSC/860, IBM SP1/SP2, clusters of workstations and many other architectures, providing the possibility of running the same parallel code on all of these computing platforms without changing the source code. Since MPI is implemented on top of the customized communication subroutines provided by the specific vendor for a specific machine, we are concerned about the influence of MPI on the performance of parallel codes. In this paper, a reservoir simulator was implemented on iPSC/860 using both the NX communication library provided by Intel and the MPI. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to compare the performance and scalability of the code using MPI with that using the NX communication library. It is found that the code using MPI has maintained the same performance and scalability as the code using the customized communication library.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular and clinical genetics of mitochondrial diseases due toPOLGmutations (2008)

Mutations in the POLG gene have emerged as one of the most common causes of inherited mitochondrial disease in children and adults. They are responsible for a heterogeneous group of at least 6 major phenotypes of neurodegenerative disease that include: 1) childhood Myocerebrohepatopathy Spectrum disorders (MCHS), 2) Alpers syndrome, 3) Ataxia Neuropathy Spectrum (ANS) disorders, 4) Myoclonus Epilepsy Myopathy Sensory Ataxia (MEMSA), 5) autosomal recessive Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (arPEO), and 6) autosomal dominant Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (adPEO). Due to the clinical heterogeneity, time-dependent evolution of symptoms, overlapping phenotypes, and inconsistencies in muscle pathology findings, definitive diagnosis relies on the molecular finding of deleterious mutations. We sequenced the exons and flanking intron region from approximately 350 patients displaying a phenotype consistent with POLG related mitochondrial disease and found informative mutations in 61 (17%). Two mutant alleles were identified in 31 unrelated index patients with autosomal recessive POLG-related disorders. Among them, 20 (67%) had Alpers syndrome, 4 (13%) had arPEO, and 3 (10%) had ANS. In addition, 30 patients carrying one altered POLG allele were found. A total of 25 novel alterations were identified, including 6 null mutations. We describe the predicted structural/functional and clinical importance of the previously unreported missense variants and discuss their likelihood of being pathogenic. In conclusion, sequence analysis allows the identification of mutations responsible for POLG-related disorders and, in most of the autosomal recessive cases where two mutant alleles are found in trans, finding deleterious mutations can provide an unequivocal diagnosis of the disease.
Molecular Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review (2004)

This article reviews the current state of research on the use of molecular contrast agents in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging techniques.After a brief discussion of the basic principle of OCT and the importance of incorporating molecular contrast agent usage into this imaging modality, we shall present an overview of the different molecular contrast OCT (MCOCT) methods that have been developed thus far.We will then discuss several important practical issues that define the possible range of contrast agent choice, the design criteria for engineered molecular contrast agent and the implementability of a given MCOCT method for clinical or biological applications.We will conclude by outlining a few areas of pursuit that deserve a greater degree of research and development.
On the Supposed Isoindole Synthesis from

o

-Tolunitrile (1974)

Abstract A recent communication1 in this journal reported the reaction of o-tolunitrile with sodium in tetrahydrofuran to yield a compound, m.p. 123.5–124°, to which was assigned the isoindole structure 1. A plausible mechanism can be written for the formation of 1 involving reductive dimerization of the cyano groups of two molecules of the nitrile, subsequent 1,5-hydrogen shift from a methyl group, disrotatory electrocyclic isoindole ring closure, and finally air oxidation and tautomerization to 1. Nevertheless, the evidence presented did not require an isoindole structure. Moreover, it would be unusual for a primary enamine to survive.
Protein phosphatases and DNA tumor viruses: transformation through the back door? (1991)

Cellular transformation by many oncogenic viruses is mediated by alterations in signal transduction pathways that control normal growth and proliferation. Common targets for many transforming viruses are pathways regulated by protein phosphorylation. The biochemical control of proteins in these pathways is a dynamic process that is regulated by the relative activities of protein kinases and phosphatases. Although there are numerous examples of viral oncogenes that encode protein kinases (Hunter, 1991), until recently there has been no evidence linking altered phosphatase activity to transformation. In this review we describe a novel mechanism, utilized by small DNA tumor viruses, in which viral oncogenes bind to and regulate a cellular protein serine/threonine phosphatase. The currently available evidence indicates that alteration of phosphatase activity and subsequent changes in phosphorylation levels is an important step in transformation by these viruses.
Oxidative Damage and the Prevention of Age-Related Cataracts (2010)

Maintaining or restoring the low oxygen partial pressure around that lens should decrease or prevent nuclear cataracts.
Structure and thermodynamics of colloidal protein cluster formation: Comparison of square-well and simple dipolar models (2009)

Reversible formation of weakly associated protein oligomers or clusters is a key early step in processes such as protein aggregation and colloidal phase separation. A previously developed cell-based, quasichemical model for lattice fluids [T. M. Young and C. J. Roberts, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 165101 (2007)] is extended here to treat continuous-space systems. It is illustrated using two simplified limiting cases for globular proteins at the isoelectric point: spherical square-well (SW) particles with an isotropic short-ranged attraction and screened dipolar particles with SW attractions and square-shoulder repulsions. Cluster free energies (ΔAi) and structures are analyzed as a function of the reduced second virial coefficient b2∗. ΔAi values and the average structures of clusters up to pentamers have distinct differences due to the anisotropic nature of the dipolar interactions. However, ΔAi values can be mapped semiquantitatively between the two cases if compared at common values of b2∗. Free energy landscapes of oligomerization are constructed, illustrating significant differences in landscape ruggedness for small clusters of dipolar versus SW fluids, and suggesting a possible molecular interpretation for empirical models of nucleation-dependent aggregation of proteins.
Memory--a Century of Consolidation (2000)

The memory consolidation hypothesis proposed 100 years ago by Müller and Pilzecker continues to guide memory research. The hypothesis that new memories consolidate slowly over time has stimulated studies revealing the hormonal and neural influences regulating memory consolidation, as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review examines the progress made over the century in understanding the time-dependent processes that create our lasting memories.
Asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Characterization of the ASP3 gene. (1988)

Purified preparations of asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit two protein bands upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cloning and sequencing of the ASP3 gene, and partial amino acid sequencing as asparaginase II, imply that both bands are encoded by ASP3 but have different N termini. Northern blot analysis using the cloned ASP3 gene as a probe indicates that nitrogen catabolite repression of asparaginase II is achieved by alteration in mRNA levels. Deletion of sequences greater than 600 base pairs upstream from the initiation AUG codon results in an altered response to certain nitrogen sources in strains containing the truncated gene.
Chronic electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant promotes survival of spiral ganglion neurons after neonatal deafness (1999)

This investigation examined the consequences of neonatal deafness and chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation delivered by a cochlear implant during maturation. Kittens were bilaterally deafened by an ototoxic drug administered daily for 2 weeks immediately after birth. Unilateral electrical stimulation was initiated at 7-10 weeks of age and continued over periods of 22-47 weeks (4 hours/day; 5 days/week). Bipolar intracochlear electrodes delivered one of several different electrical signals designed to be temporally challenging to the central auditory system. Morphometric evaluation of spiral ganglion (SG) cell somata within Rosenthal's canal demonstrated a mean of approximately 50% of normal cell density maintained in the chronically stimulated ears, compared with approximately 30% on the control deafened side. This 20% difference in density was highly significant and was greater than differences reported in earlier studies using 30 pps stimulation delivered by either intracochlear bipolar or round window monopolar electrodes. However, the duration of stimulation was also longer in the present study, so it is unclear to what extent the nature of the temporally challenging stimulation vs. its duration contributed to the marked increase in survival. Measurements of the SG cell somata revealed a pronounced decrease in cell diameter in neonatally deafened cats studied about 1 year after deafening, and an additional decrease after long-term deafness (2.5-6.5 years). Furthermore, in the cochlear regions with the greatest stimulation-induced differences in SG cell density, direct measurements of cross-sectional soma area of the largest cells revealed that cells were significantly larger in the stimulated ears. Thus, in addition to the marked increase in the number of surviving SG cells, larger soma area contributed modestly to the pronounced increase in neural density following chronic electrical stimulation.
Charge transfer devices and their application (1979)

Near ideal analogue delay lines, all solid state television cameras and high capacity serial memory can all be made using charge transfer devices (CTDs). In this paper the charge transfer concept and the basic operation of the bucket brigade (BB) and charge coupled device (CCD) are explained. Some uses of CTD lapped analogue delay lines in signal processing and the operation and advantages of CCD imaging devices are discussed. This paper is written as an introduction to the rapidly developing technology. It is intended for the non-specialist.