gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Optimum Design of a Class E RF Power Amplifier (2008)

A new analysis of a class E power amplifier is presented and a fully analytic design approach is developed. Using our analysis, all of the circuit currents and voltages and, hence, the power dissipation in each component is calculated as a function of a key design parameter, denoted by <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> . This parameter is the ratio of the resonance frequency of the shunt inductor and shunt capacitor to the operating frequency. We have shown that there is a limited continues range for this parameter, in which class E operation with realizable circuit is achieved. Three conventional design methods, namely infinite dc feed, parallel circuit, and even harmonic design methods are the special cases, corresponding to a certain value of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> . Our analysis explains the power efficiency, the power capability, and other characteristics of the class E power amplifier circuit as a function of the parameter <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> . We have developed new design formulas that give the values of the circuit components for each value of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> . These equations enable the designer to analytically optimize the circuit for a desired performance measure, such as power efficiency or power capability. To obtain the optimum design, the shunt inductor quality factor and the switch on-state resistance must be given. Then, one can find the value of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> corresponding to the optimum value of the given performance measure. The analysis results show that the power efficiency is better a optimization measure than power capability. To assess the analysis results and to compare the new design method with the conventional methods, we have used the foundry design kit for STMicroelectronics 90-nm global-purpose CMOS process. For this purpose, we have designed four identical class E power amplifiers, one using the parallel-circuit method, another with the even-harmonic method, and two others with the proposed design method. One of the latter has been optimized for maximum power capability and the other for maximum power efficiency. The designed power amplifiers have been simulated in the foundry design kit and the simulation results prove the accuracy of the analysis and reveal the usefulness of our design method.
Switchable multiwavelength fiber laser by using a compact in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (2012)

We propose a simple and compact method for implementing an in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which is constructed with two optical paths, propagating through the core and the ring-shaped silica cladding modes in the double-cladding fibers. Strong cladding-mode resonance across the thin inner cladding is used to excite the cladding modes. The measured spectra fringe presents high-contrast interference from cascading a pair of well-overlapped resonant spectra dips. In combination with the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique, switchable and tunable multi-channel laser outputs are experimentally demonstrated with a fluctuation of less than 0.1 dB.
Mechanistic Biomarkers Provide Early and Sensitive Detection of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury at First Presentation to Hospital (2013)

Elevations in plasma miR-122, HMGB1, and necrosis K18 identified subsequent ALI development in patients on admission to the hospital, soon after acetaminophen overdose, and in patients with ALTs in the normal range. The application of such a biomarker panel could improve the speed of clinical decision-making, both in the treatment of ALI and the design/execution of patient-individualized treatment strategies.
mRNA expression of the angiogenesis markers VEGF and CD105 (endoglin) in human breast cancer. (2004)

VEGF mRNA expression levels seem to be directly associated with VEGF functions at the protein level, whereas this seems not to be the case for CD105 (endoglin) mRNA levels.
Heat Shock Protein 90 – a Potential Target in the Treatment of Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2009)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that stabilize folding and conformation of normal as well as oncogenic proteins. These chaperones thereby prevent the formation of protein aggregates. HSPs are often overexpressed in human malignancies, including AML. HSP90 is the main chaperon required for the stabilization of multiple oncogenic kinases involved in the development of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). HSP90 client proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy and cell cycle progression; several of these proteins are in addition considered as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML. HSP90 inhibition thereby offers the possibility to modulate several intracellular regulatory pathways through targeting of a single molecule. Several direct inhibitors of HSP90 have been developed, and they are classified into four groups: benzoquinon ansamycines and their derivatives, radicicol and its derivates, small synthetic inhibitors and a final group of other inhibitors. The HSP90 activity is regulated by posttranscriptional modulation; HSP90 inhibition can thereby be indirectly achieved through increased acetylation caused by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Many of these agents have entered phase I/II clinical trials, and the results from these initial studies have documented that HSP90 inhibition can mediate antileukemic effects in vivo. However, one would expect immunosuppressive side effects because HSP90 inhibitors have both direct and indirect inhibitory effects on T cell activation. Thus, future clinical studies are needed to clarify the efficiency and toxicity of HSP90 inhibitors in the treatment of human AML, including studies where HSP90 inhibitors are combined with conventional chemotherapy.
Computer-Aided Search for Effective Antisense RNA Target Sequences of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1993)

For the biological and therapeutic application of antisense nucleic acids, there is a need to identify effective local target regions of given cellular target mRNAs or viral single-stranded nucleic acids. One critical parameter for the effectiveness of antisense nucleic acids could be the potential of intramolecular folding of a given sequence element of the target strand and the antisense strand, respectively. The folding potential of such subsequences was calculated by using an established secondary structure prediction algorithm. For the genomic RNA and the complementary RNA strand of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), an energy profile was calculated that monitors the local folding potential of each sequence position surrounded by a window of given length ranging from 50 to 400 nucleotides. The resulting energy profile was compared to the effectiveness of HIV-1-directed antisense RNAs. It was found that significant minima of the local folding potential (high delta G values) correlated with antisense RNA target regions involved in strong inhibition of HIV-1 replication that had been measured independently in two earlier studies by using different experimental approaches. Conversely, antisense RNAs directed against local subregions with a high folding potential (low delta G values) showed weak or no antiviral effect in human cells. The results indicate that analyses of the local folding potential of a given target RNA can support the selection of effective target sequences for antisense RNA.
Growth of Semipolar (11\bar22) GaN Layer by Controlling Anisotropic Growth Rates inr-Plane Patterned Sapphire Substrate (2009)

Semipolar (112) GaN was achieved by controlling anisotropic growth rates in a maskless r-plane patterned sapphire substrate. Upon optimizing the growth conditions, the growth rate of the GaN layer on etched c-plane-like sapphire was much higher than that on other planes such as the original r-plane sapphire. Singularly (112)-oriented GaN was confirmed when GaN was grown on only the c-plane-like sapphire sidewall. The control of the anisotropic growth rate is useful for growing nonpolar and semipolar layers using maskless patterned substrates.
Androgen treatment of middle-aged, obese men: effects on metabolism, muscle and adipose tissues. (1992)

The results suggest that T administration to middle-aged, obese man may have beneficial effects.
A Single Amino Acid Residue Can Determine the Ligand Specificity of E-selectin (1995)

E-selectin (ELAM-1) is a member of the selectin family of cellular adhesion molecules. This family of proteins possesses an amino-terminal Ca(2+)-dependent lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain that is essential for ligand binding. A known E-selectin ligand is the carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x) (Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc). We have developed a model of E-selectin binding to the sLe(x) tetrasaccharide, (Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc), using the NMR-determined, E-selectin-bound solution conformation of sLe(x) (Cooke, R.M., Hale, R.S., Lister, S. G., Shah, G., and Weir, M. P. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 10591-10596) together with the x-ray crystallographic structures of E-selectin (Graves, B. J., Crowther, R. L., Chandran, C., Rumberger, J. B., Li, s., Huang, K.-S., Presky, D. H., Familletti, P. C., Wolitzky, B. A., and Burns, D. K. (1994) Nature 367, 532-538) (ligand unbound) and a related C-type animal lectin, the mannose-binding protein (Weis, W. I., Drickamer, K., and Hendrickson, A. (1992) Nature 360, 127-134) (ligand bound). Analysis of this model indicated that the alteration of one E-selectin amino acid, alanine 77, to a lysine residue might shift binding specificity from sLe(x) to mannose. The results presented here show that an E-selectin mutant protein possessing this change displays preferential binding to mannose containing oligosaccharides and that further mutagenesis of this mannose-binding selectin confers galactose recognition in a predictable manner. These mutagenesis data support the presented model of the detailed interactions between E-selectin and the sLe(x) oligosaccharide.
The Effect of Exercise on Hippocampal Integrity: Review of Recent Research (2005)

Despite the paucity of human research, basic animal models and clinical data overwhelmingly support the notion that exercise treatment is a major protective factor against neurodegeneration of varied etiologies. The final common pathway of degradation is clearly related to oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, glucocorticoid dysregulation, inflammation and amyloid deposition. We conclude that people prone to chronic distress, brain ischemia, brain trauma, and the aged are at increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Exercise training may be a major protective factor but without clinical guidelines, its prescription and success with treatment adherence remain elusive.
In vivo studies of intrahepatic metabolic pathways. (1997)

In vivo studies of liver metabolism have long been limited to measurement by the balance technique or isotope dilution method of the amounts of substrates taken up or produced by the liver. New methods, based mainly on the use of stable isotopes, now allow important data to be obtained on intrahepatic metabolic pathways. Nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical biopsy of glucuronic acid by acetaminophen facilitate the study of glycogen metabolism. Chemical biopsies of liver glutamine by phenylacetate and of cytosolic acetylCoA by sulfamethoxazole provide important data respectively on Krebs cycle activity and gluconeogenesis and on lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Mass isotopomer distribution analysis of molecules synthesised during infusion of 13C-labelled precursors allows an estimation of in vivo gluconeogenesis as well as cholesterol synthesis and lipogenesis. Finally, these metabolic pathways can be studied through the incorporation of deuterium from deuterated water in glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol. All these non-invasive techniques allow investigations to be undertaken in human beings to study the nutritional and hormonal regulation of liver metabolism in normal subjects and in pathological situations.
Elastic Windows (1997)

Article Elastic Windows: a hierarchical multi-window World-Wide Web browser Share on Authors: Eser Kandogan Department of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Department of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction LaboratoryView Profile , Ben Shneiderman Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '97: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyOctober 1997 Pages 169–177https://doi.org/10.1145/263407.263541Published:01 October 1997 27citation762DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations27Total Downloads762Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Restoration of the calcium binding activity of mutant calmodulins toward normal by the presence of a calmodulin binding structure (1991)

The altered calcium binding activity of calmodulins (CaM) with point mutations can be restored toward that of wild type CaMs by the formation of a complex between CaM and a CaM binding sequence. Three different site-specific mutations resulted in selective effects on the apparent stoichiometry and affinity of CaM for calcium, with maintenance of the ability to activate myosin light chain kinase. The effects on calcium binding, however, were suppressed when the mutant CaMs were complexed with RS20, a peptide analog of a myosin light chain kinase CaM binding site. The mutations included: 1) a Glu----Ala mutation at two phylogenetically conserved calcium ligands in the second (E67A-CaM) and fourth (E140A-CaM) sites; and 2) a Ser----Phe mutation at residue 101 (S101F-CaM) which affects ion channel regulation. The mutant CaMs bind 4 calciums in the absence of magnesium, but two sites have approximately 60- to 300-fold weaker binding than wild-type CaM (SYNCAM CaM). E67A-CaM and E140A-CaM bound only two calciums and S101F-CaM bound 4 calciums in the presence of magnesium. E67A-CaM and E140A-CaM recovered the ability to bind 4 calcium ions in the presence of the RS20 CaM binding peptide. These results are consistent with models in which the calcium binding activity of CaM within a supramolecular complex is different from purified CaM and raise the possibility that the selective functional effects of in vivo mutations in the calcium binding sites of CaM might be partially due to the ability of some CaM binding proteins to select and utilize CaM conformations with calcium ligation structures different from the so-called canonical EF-hand.
Intraocular implants for the surgical correction of presbyopia (2000)

The surgical techniques proposed to restore accommodation past the onset of presbyopia can be categorized in two classes, those based of scleral expansion and those based on intraocular lens implantation and lens capsule refilling. This paper describes and discusses the different techniques and summarizes the results of clinical and experimental animal trials. Restoration of accommodation has been demonstrated by at least two different teams in non-human senile primates using modifications of the lens capsule refilling technique originally described by Julius Kessler in the late fifties. The advent of recent advances in microsurgery, devices, and injectable polymers are very promising and human clinical trials may soon be envisaged.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Global illumination with radiance regression functions (2013)

We present radiance regression functions for fast rendering of global illumination in scenes with dynamic local light sources. A radiance regression function (RRF) represents a non-linear mapping from local and contextual attributes of surface points, such as position, viewing direction, and lighting condition, to their indirect illumination values. The RRF is obtained from precomputed shading samples through regression analysis, which determines a function that best fits the shading data. For a given scene, the shading samples are precomputed by an offline renderer. The key idea behind our approach is to exploit the nonlinear coherence of the indirect illumination data to make the RRF both compact and fast to evaluate. We model the RRF as a multilayer acyclic feed-forward neural network, which provides a close functional approximation of the indirect illumination and can be efficiently evaluated at run time. To effectively model scenes with spatially variant material properties, we utilize an augmented set of attributes as input to the neural network RRF to reduce the amount of inference that the network needs to perform. To handle scenes with greater geometric complexity, we partition the input space of the RRF model and represent the subspaces with separate, smaller RRFs that can be evaluated more rapidly. As a result, the RRF model scales well to increasingly complex scene geometry and material variation. Because of its compactness and ease of evaluation, the RRF model enables real-time rendering with full global illumination effects, including changing caustics and multiple-bounce high-frequency glossy interreflections.
Identification of PARP14 inhibitors using novel methods for detecting auto-ribosylation (2017)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) as a co-substrate to transfer ADP-ribose when it releases nicotinamide as the metabolized product. Enzymes of the PARP family play key roles in detecting and repairing DNA, modifying chromatin, regulating transcription, controlling energy metabolism, and inducing cell death. PARP14, the original member of the PARP family, has been reported to be associated with the development of inflammatory diseases and various cancer types, making it a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we purified the macrodomain-containing PARP14 enzyme and established an assay for detecting the auto-ribosylation activity of PARP14 using RapidFire high-throughput mass spectrometry and immunoradiometric assay using [<sup>3</sup>H]NAD<sup>+</sup>. Subsequently, we performed high-throughput screening using the assays and identified small-molecule hit compounds, which showed NAD<sup>+</sup>-competitive and PARP14-selective inhibitory activities. Co-crystal structures of PARP14 with certain hit compounds revealed that the inhibitors bind to the NAD<sup>+</sup>-binding site. Finally, we confirmed that the hit compounds interacted with intracellular PARP14 by a cell-based protein stabilization assay. Thus, we successfully identified primary candidate compounds for further investigation.
Dietary garlic and hip osteoarthritis: evidence of a protective effect and putative mechanism of action (2010)

Studies of diet are notorious for their confounding by lifestyle effects. While taking account of BMI, the data show an independent effect of a diet high in fruit and vegetables, suggesting it to be protective against radiographic hip OA. Furthermore, diallyl disulphide, a compound found in garlic and other alliums, represses the expression of matrix-degrading proteases in chondrocyte-like cells, providing a potential mechanism of action.
Transcription factor IKZF1 is degraded during the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells induced by kinase inhibition (2015)

Immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide exhibit high responsive rates for newly identified or relapsed multiple myeloma patients. However, their mechanisms of action are not completely understood. One mechanism involves the ubiquitination and degradation of two transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3. Whether there are other degradation pathways for IKZF1 in myeloma cells remains unknown. Here, we found that although IKZF1 ubiquitination was reduced, its stability was also significantly reduced in MM1.S and OPM2 cells treated with kinase inhibitors, 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside (DRB) or roscovitine. Through pharmacological inhibition and biochemical approaches we demonstrated that instead of undergoing the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, IKZF1 was degraded through apoptosis induced by kinase inhibition. This result may provide a new direction in developing therapeutic treatments for myeloma patients.
Placental Growth Factor, a Member of the VEGF Family, Contributes to the Development of Choroidal Neovascularization (2003)

These observations demonstrate the participation of PlGF in experimental CNV. They identify therefore PlGF as an additional promising target for ocular antiangiogenic strategies.
Effect on disability and safety of Tafamidis in late onset of Met30 transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2013)

In most patients with advanced Met30 TTR-FAP, Tafamidis is not able to stop disease progression, in respect of both NIS-LL and disability. Other anti-amyloid medicines should be assessed in this context.
Diversity in G+C content at the third position of codons in vertebrate genes and its cause (1986)

Correlation was positive between the G + C content at the codon third position in genes of vertebrates and the G + C content of the genome portion surrounding each gene. Exons of genes with a high G + C% at the codon 3rd position are surrounded by G + C-rich introns and G + C-rich flanking sequences, and those with a low G + C% at the position by A + T-rich introns and flanking sequences. Analysis of G + C content distribution along DNA sequences using a DNA Sequence Data Bank supported the view that the vertebrate genome is a mosaic of regions with clear differences in their G + C content. The biological significance of the variation in G + C content throughout the vertebrate genome is discussed in connection with chromosomal banding.
LEFT VENTRICULAR CONCENTRIC REMODELING IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION (2000)

Pierdomenico, S. D.; Bucci, A.; Costantini, F.; Lapenna, D.; Cuccurullo, F.; Mezzetti, A. Author Information
High performance scalable image compression with EBCOT (2000)

A new image compression algorithm is proposed, based on independent embedded block coding with optimized truncation of the embedded bit-streams (EBCOT). The algorithm exhibits state-of-the-art compression performance while producing a bit-stream with a rich set of features, including resolution and SNR scalability together with a "random access" property. The algorithm has modest complexity and is suitable for applications involving remote browsing of large compressed images. The algorithm lends itself to explicit optimization with respect to MSE as well as more realistic psychovisual metrics, capable of modeling the spatially varying visual masking phenomenon.