gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal-Placental Interactions of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Preeclampsia (1998)

This review addresses the general hypothesis that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is related to an imbalance of increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation coupled to a deficiency of antioxidant protection. Evidence will be presented that this imbalance is present in both the maternal compartment and the placental compartment and that interactions between these two compartments result in the clinical manifestations of this disorder. We suggest the following as a scenario for the development of preeclampsia: Oxidative stress in the maternal compartment affects the placenta in such a way as to bring about a decrease in placental antioxidant enzyme protection. The oxidative stress in the maternal compartment may be preexisting (e.g., obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) or may be caused by placental secretion of lipid peroxides. Decreased placental antioxidant enzyme protection leads to a cascade of events in the placenta of uncontrolled lipid peroxidation with increased thromboxane production and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) production. Increased placental secretion of lipid peroxides and/or TNF-alpha results in activation of leukocytes as they circulate through the intervillous space. The activated leukocytes serve as circulating mediators that link the increased oxidative stress of the placenta with a widespread increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in the mother. In the third trimester, when the placenta is growing rapidly, the mother's antioxidant capacity is no longer able to compensate, and the clinical symptoms of preeclampsia appear.
Amphipathic, α-helical antimicrobial peptides (2000)

Gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides are an important component of host defense in animals ranging from insects to mammals. They do not target specific molecular receptors on the microbial surface, but rather assume amphipathic structures that allow them to interact directly with microbial membranes, which they can rapidly permeabilize. They are thus perceived to be one promising solution to the growing problem of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. A particularly abundant and widespread class of antimicrobial peptides are those with amphipathic, alpha-helical domains. Due to their relatively small size and synthetic accessibility, these peptides have been extensively studied and have generated a substantial amount of structure-activity relationship (SAR) data. In this review, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides are considered from the point of view of six interrelated structural and physicochemical parameters that modulate their activity and specificity: sequence, size, structuring, charge, amphipathicity, and hydrophobicity. It begins by providing an overview of how these vary in peptides from different natural sources. It then analyzes how they relate to the currently accepted model for the mode of action of alpha-helical peptides, and discusses what the numerous SAR studies that have been carried out on these compounds and their analogues can tell us. A comparative analysis of the many alpha-helical, antimicrobial peptide sequences that are now available then provides further information on how these parameters are distributed and interrelated. Finally, the systematic variation of parameters in short model peptides is used to throw light on their role in antimicrobial potency and specificity. The review concludes with some considerations on the potentials and limitations for the development of alpha-helical, antimicrobial peptides as antiinfective agents.
Modulation of fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in humans by a combination of low-dose aspirin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (1992)

Aspirin at high but not at low doses reduces the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. Inhibition of vascular prostacyclin synthesis could be involved in this effect. Fish oil supplementation may redirect prostanoid metabolism toward an overall "antithrombotic" condition but with controversial effects on prostacyclin formation. In this study we investigated the effect of low-dose aspirin together with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. Following a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, six healthy volunteers (three men and three women, 24-37 years old) were given for 29 days 5.3 g eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids or a corresponding dose of n-6 PUFAs as control; aspirin (40 mg/day) was then added for an additional 14 days. A 2-month washout period was allowed before the crossover. Blood was collected before and after venous stasis on days 0, 29, and 43 of each test period. A combination of aspirin with n-3 PUFAs reduced the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in all subjects, the mean value of fibrinolytic activity after stasis being 240 +/- 40 mm2, a value significantly lower than at baseline (366 +/- 51 mm2, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). Similarly, the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen level was lower in the aspirin + PUFA-treated group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity before stasis was enhanced by n-3 PUFA supplementation (from 7.5 +/- 2 to 14.8 +/- 3 IU/ml, p < 0.05), an effect not affected by aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Waveguide mode enhancement of molecular fluorescence (1985)

We report the observation of enhanced fluorescence from molecules deposited on the surface of an optical waveguide structure. We attribute the enhancement to the near-field interaction between the Rhodamine B molecules and the waveguide's modal fields. The process does not require the use of prism or grating couplers and can give rise to an enhancement factor in excess of 2 orders of magnitude.
Control of Brown Adipose Tissue Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by PPARγ (2011)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) non-shivering thermogenesis impacts energy homeostasis in rodents and humans. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 in brown fat cells produces heat by dissipating the energy generated by fatty acid and glucose oxidation. In addition to thermogenesis and despite its small relative size, sympathetically activated BAT constitutes an important glucose, fatty acid, and triacylglycerol-clearing organ, and such function could potentially be used to alleviate dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. To date, chronic sympathetic innervation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation are the only recognized inducers of BAT recruitment. Here, we review the major differences between these two BAT inducers in the regulation of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, lipid uptake and triacylglycerol synthesis, glucose uptake, and de novo lipogenesis. Whereas BAT recruitment through sympathetic drive translates into functional thermogenic activity, PPARγ-mediated recruitment is associated with a reduction in sympathetic activity leading to increased lipid storage in brown adipocytes. The promising therapeutic role of BAT in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemic and hyperglycemic conditions is also discussed.
Improved in vivo stability and tumor targeting of bismuth-labeled antibody. (1990)

We have used a series of bifunctional chelating agents to prepare 206Bi-labeled monoclonal antibody and have assessed the in vivo stability and tumor targeting of these conjugates in the Rauscher murine erythroleukemia model. Several derivatives of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [the dicyclic dianhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (ca-DTPA), 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (SCNBzDTPA), and 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-5(6)-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacet ic acid (MxDTPA)], as well as a macrocyclic polyazacycloalkane-N-acetic acid [2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N ,N',N",N"'- tetraacetic acid (DOTA)], were conjugated to monoclonal antibody 103A, which is specific for gp70 expressed on Rauscher virus-infected cells. The stability in vivo of 206Bi chelate-103A conjugates was first evaluated in normal mice by determining the levels of 206Bi in blood and kidney, since these were the organs in which free 206Bi, 206Bi-caDTPA-103A, and 35S-103A accumulated. The biodistribution of 206Bi administered as a chelate of caDTPA-103A was virtually indistinguishable from that of free 206Bi, indicating a low degree of in vivo stability of this bismuth chelate when compared to biosynthetically labeled 35S-103A. There was a progressive increase in the 206Bi levels observed in blood when the series of 103A conjugates prepared using SCNBzDTPA, MxDTPA, and DOTA was compared to 206Bi administered free or as a caDTPA-103A chelate. At 1 h after injection into normal mice, the blood level of 206Bi-DOTA-103A was 25-fold greater than that observed for 206Bi-caDTPA-103A and the level in kidney was 6-fold less, values that did not differ significantly from those observed for 35S-103A. Targeting to leukemic spleen was increased by 10-fold when the DOTA conjugate was used; the tumor level was 90% injected dose/g for DOTA, as compared to only 9% injected dose/g for caDTPA-103A at 1 h after injection. Use of the DOTA chelator also reduced by 7-fold the level of uptake by the kidney in the leukemic animals. We, therefore, conclude that the chelator DOTA is a promising reagent for the delivery of 212Bi-antibody conjugates to vascularized tumors under conditions that require targeting via the circulatory system.
High activity ethylene trimerisation catalysts based on diphosphine ligandsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details for catalyst screening runs, together with a typical gas uptake profile. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b201335e/ (2002)

Chromium complexes of ligands of the type Ar2PN(Me)PAr2 (Ar = ortho-methoxy-substituted aryl group), on activation with MAO, are extremely active and selective catalysts for the trimerisation of ethylene.
Direct observations of macroperoxyl radical propagation and termination by electron spin resonance and infrared spectroscopies (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDirect observations of macroperoxyl radical propagation and termination by electron spin resonance and infrared spectroscopiesD. J. Carlsson, C. J. B. Dobbin, and D. M. WilesCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 10, 2092–2094Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00152a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00152a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The same mutation in Gsα and transducin α reveals behavioral differences between these highly homologous G protein α-subunits (2008)

Mutating Arg-238 to Glu (R238E) in the switch 3 region of a transducin alpha (*Talpha) in which 27 aa of the GTPase domain have been replaced with those of the alpha-subunit of the inhibitory G protein 1 (Gi1alpha), was reported to create an alpha-subunit that is resistant to activation by GTPgammaS, is devoid of resident nucleotide, and has dominant negative (DN) properties. In an attempt to create a DN stimultory G protein alpha (Gsalpha) with a single mutation we created Gsalpha-R265E, equivalent to *Talpha-R238E. Gsalpha-R265E has facilitated activation by GTPgammaS, a slightly facilitated activation by GTP but much reduced receptor plus GTP stimulated activation, and an apparently unaltered ability to interact with receptor as seen in ligand binding studies. Further, the activity profile of Gsalpha-R265E is that of an alpha-subunit with unaltered or increased GTPase activity. The only change in Gsalpha that is similar to that in *Talpha is that the apparent affinity for guanine nucleotides is decreased in both proteins. The molecular basis of the changed properties are discussed based on the known crystal structure of Gsalpha and the changes introduced by the same mutation in a *Talpha (Gtalpha*) with only 23 aa from Gi1alpha. Gtalpha*-R238E, with four fewer mutations in switch 3, was reported to show no evidence of DN properties, is activated by GTPgammaS, and has reduced GTPase activity. The data highlight a critical role for the switch 3 region in setting overall properties of signal-transducing GTPases.
Growth Promotion and Induction of Systemic Resistance in Rice Cultivar Co-47 (Oryza sativa L.) by Methylobacterium spp. (2004)

Pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs), persistent colonizers of plant leaf surfaces, belong to the genus Methrlobacterium and are mostly transmitted through seeds. Plant growth-promoting activity of methylotrophic bacteria and their effects on disease suppression were evaluated on rice under greenhouse conditions. Rice seeds were inoculated with Methylobacterium sp. strain PPFM-Os-07 and seed germination was evaluated in terms of morphometric measurements, seedling growth, rate of germination (R(subscript G)), and seedling vigour index (SVI). Another experiment was carried out to study the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) in rice plants that were inoculated with methylotrophic bacteria by seed imbibition or foliar spray. In the third experiment, sixty-day-old rice plants grown in pots were challenge inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani strain TNAU-01. Methylobacterium inoculation promoted seed germination and plant growth. Increased plant height, number of tillers, plant biomass, and grain yield were observed. The average yield increases for seed imbibition and phyllosphere spray were, respectively, 22.1% and 24.3% greater than control. The bacteria also significantly reduced the sheath blight incidence when applied as either bacterial culture through seed imbibition and or phyllosphere spray. The percent disease reduction recorded for seed imbibition alone and for combined applications of seed imbibition and phyllosphere spray were 17.8% and 23.5%. Rice plants sprayed with PPFM-Os-07 strain showed increased presence of PR-proteins and phenolic contents on day 1 after application. Maximum phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase activity on day 4 and β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity on day 5 were recorded. The results suggest that Methylobacterium inoculation may alter rice susceptibility to R. solani. This work emphasizes the importance of evaluating induced systemic resistance while studying plant-associated growth promoting bacteria.
Synthesis and characterization of monomers and polymers for adhesives from methyl oleate (2002)

Abstract The focus of this work is to synthesize a monomer from a fatty acid methyl ester capable of forming high molecular weight polymers. The mono‐unsaturation in the starting material, methyl oleate, was first epoxidized using a peroxy acid. This intermediate material was further modified using acrylic acid. The acrylated molecule is able to participate in free‐radical polymerization reactions to form high molecular weight polymers. The rate of polymerization was low because of the long aliphatic structure of the monomer. It is hypothesized that the polymerization reaction occurred in the interface between the particle and water, thereby slowing down the reaction. After 18 h of reaction, a monomer conversion of approximately 91% was achieved. A maximum weight‐average molecular weight of approximately 10 6 g/mol was observed after 14 h of reaction. At early reaction times linear polymers were formed. However, as the reaction time increased, the amount of branching that occurred on the polymer molecule increased, as indicated by gel permeation chromatography and light scattering. This has been attributed to chain transfer to polymer via hydrogen abstraction from a tertiary backbone C–H bond. The resulting polymer may be of considerable interest for pressure‐sensitive adhesive applications. © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 451–458, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10130
Novel visible light activated type 1 photosensitizers (2010)

Photodynamic therapy of tumors involving Type 2 photosenstizers has been conspicuously successful, but the Type 1 process, in contrast, has not received much attention despite its considerable potential. Accordingly, several classes of molecules containing fragile bonds such as azido (-N=N=N), azo (-N=N-), and oxaza (-N-O-) functional groups that produce reactive intermediates such as radicals and nitrenes upon photoexcitation with visible light were prepared and tested for cell viability using U397 leukemia cell line. The cells were incubated with the photosensitizer at various concentrations, and were illuminated for 5, 10, and 20 minutes. The results show that all the photosensitizers caused cell death compared to the controls when exposed to both the photosensitizers and light.
Enzymatic aminoacylation of sequence-specific RNA minihelices and hybrid duplexes with methionine. (1992)

RNA hairpin helices whose sequences are based on the acceptor stems of alanine and histidine tRNAs are specifically aminoacylated with their cognate amino acids. In these examples, major determinants for the identities of the respective tRNAs reside in the acceptor stem; the anticodon and other parts of the tRNA are dispensable for aminoacylation. In contrast, the anticodon is a major determinant for the identity of a methionine tRNA. RNA hairpin helices and hybrid duplexes that reconstruct the acceptor-T psi C stem and the acceptor stem, respectively, of methionine tRNA were investigated here for aminoacylation with methionine. Direct visualization of the aminoacylated RNA product on an acidic polyacrylamide gel by phosphor imaging demonstrated specific aminoacylation with substrates that contained as few as 7 base pairs. No aminoacylation with methionine was detected with several analogous RNA substrates whose sequences were based on noncognate tRNAs. While the efficiency of aminoacylation is reduced by orders of magnitude relative to methionine tRNA, the results establish that specific aminoacylation with methionine of small duplex substrates can be achieved without the anticodon or other domains of the tRNA. The results, combined with earlier studies, suggest a highly specific adaptation of the structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the acceptor stems of their cognate tRNAs, resulting in a relationship between the nucleotide sequences/structures of small RNA duplexes and specific amino acids.
Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Vibrations of p-Benzosemiquinone Radical Anion (1998)

The vibrational bands experimentally observed for aqueous p-benzosemiquinone radical anion are analyzed by use of electronic structure calculations. To clarify the effects of solvation, calculations on the isolated semiquinone anion are compared to those on supermolecule clusters having two to four water molecules strongly hydrogen-bonded at the semiquinone oxygen atoms. The results allow satisfactory assignment of all experimentally known aqueous vibrational bands, some being assigned here for the first time. The clusters considered give reasonable accounts both of the observed frequencies in water and of the frequency shifts between acetonitrile and water that arise from hydrogen bonding.
Cloning of the mspA gene encoding a porin from Mycobacterium smegmatis (1999)

Porins form channels in the mycolic acid layer of mycobacteria and thereby control access of hydrophilic molecules to the cell. We purified a 100 kDa protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis and demonstrated its channel-forming activity by reconstitution in planar lipid bilayers. The mspA gene encodes a mature protein of 184 amino acids and an N-terminal signal sequence. MALDI mass spectrometry of the purified porin revealed a mass of 19 406 Da, in agreement with the predicted mass of mature MspA. Dissociation of the porin by boiling in 80% dimethyl sulphoxide yielded the MspA monomer, which did not form channels any more. Escherichia coli cells expressing the mspA gene produced the MspA monomer and a 100 kDa protein, which had the same channel-forming activity as whole-cell extracts of M. smegmatis with organic solvents. These proteins were specifically detected by a polyclonal antiserum that was raised to purified MspA of M. smegmatis. These results demonstrate that the mspA gene encodes a protein of M. smegmatis, which assembles to an extremely stable oligomer with high channel-forming activity. Database searches did not reveal significant similarities to any other known protein. Southern blots showed that the chromosomes of fast-growing mycobacterial species contain homologous sequences to mspA, whereas no hybridization could be detected with DNA from slow growing mycobacteria. These results suggest that MspA is the prototype of a new class of channel-forming proteins.
Infectious HIV-1 assembles in late endosomes in primary macrophages (2003)

Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is generally thought to assemble at the plasma membrane of infected cells, virions have been observed in intracellular compartments in macrophages. Here, we investigated virus assembly in HIV-1-infected primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Electron microscopy of cryosections showed virus particles, identified by their morphology and positive labeling with antibodies to the viral p17, p24, and envelope proteins, in intracellular vacuoles. Immunolabeling demonstrated that these compartments contained the late endosomal marker CD63, which was enriched on vesicles within these structures and incorporated into the envelope of budding virions. The virus-containing vacuoles were also labeled with antibodies against LAMP-1, CD81, and CD82, which were also incorporated into the viral envelope. To assess the cellular source of infectious viruses derived from MDM, virus-containing media from infected cells were precipitated with specific antibodies. Only antibodies against antigens found in late endosomes precipitated infectious virus, whereas antibodies against proteins located primarily on the cell surface did not. Our data indicate that most of the infectious HIV produced by primary macrophages is assembled on late endocytic membranes and acquires antigens characteristic of this compartment. This notion has significant implications for understanding the biology of HIV and its cell-cell transmission.