gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Domain of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Controlling Its Angiogenic Properties (2003)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a potent factor modulating the activity of many cell types. Its dimerization and binding to high affinity receptors are considered to be necessary steps to induce FGF receptor phosphorylation and signaling activation. A structural analysis was carried out and a region encompassing residues 48-58 of human FGF-2 was identified, as potentially involved in FGF-2 dimerization. A peptide (FREG-48-58) derived from this region strongly and specifically inhibited FGF-2 induced proliferation and migration of primary bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAEC) in vitro, and markedly reduced FGF-2-dependent angiogenesis in two distinct in vivo assays. To further investigate the role of region 48-58, a polyclonal antibody raised against FREG-(48-58) was tested and was found to block FGF-2 action in vitro. Human FGF-2 has three histidine residues, one falling within the region 48-58. Chemical modification of histidine residues blocked FGF-2 activity and FREG-(48-58) inhibitory effect in vitro, indicating that histidine residues, in particular the one within FREG-(48-58) region, play a crucial role in the observed activity. Additional experiments showed that FREG-(48-58) specifically interacted with FGF-2, impaired FGF-2-interaction with itself, with heparin and with FGF receptor 1, and inhibited FGF-2-induced receptor phosphorylation and FGF-2 internalization. These data indicate for the first time that region 48-58 of FGF-2 is a functional domain controlling FGF-2 activity.
Radiatus (2016)

Web applications are a frequent target of successful attacks. In most web frameworks, the damage is amplified by the fact that application code is responsible for security enforcement. In this paper, we design and evaluate Radiatus, a shared-nothing web framework where application-specific computation and storage on the server is contained within a sandbox with the privileges of the end-user. By strongly isolating users, user data and service availability can be protected from application vulnerabilities.
Effector and suppressor T cells in celiac disease (2015)

Celiac disease (CD) is a T-cell mediated immune disease in which gliadin-derived peptides activate lamina propria effector CD4+ T cells. This activation leads to the release of cytokines, compatible with a Th1-like pattern, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD, controlling many aspects of the inflammatory immune response. Recent studies have shown that a novel subset of effector T cells, characterized by expression of high levels of IL-17A, termed Th17 cells, plays a pathogenic role in CD. While these effector T cell subsets produce proinflammatory cytokines, which cause substantial tissue injury in vivo in CD, recent studies have suggested the existence of additional CD4(+) T cell subsets with suppressor functions. These subsets include type 1 regulatory T cells and CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells, expressing the master transcription factor Foxp3, which have important implications for disease progression.
Differential effect of acute and permanent heat shock protein 70 overexpression in tumor cells on lysability by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (2003)

We have shown previously that acute heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 induction in a human melanoma cell line containing a doxycycline-inducible Hsp70 expression construct increases lysability of these tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) without interfering with MHC class I expression and antigen presentation. The same parental melanoma cell line has now been transduced retrovirally to overexpress Hsp70 permanently. Here we demonstrate that MHC class I cell surface expression is again not altered and that these cells, in contrast with acutely Hsp70 overexpressing cells, do not show augmentation of CTL-mediated apoptosis. Also, long-term induction of Hsp70 in cells with the doxycycline-inducible Hsp70 construct leads to abrogation of increased lysability. Because, furthermore, after heat shock the same permanently Hsp70 overexpressing cells show Hsp70 induction and increased lysability, it is hypothesized that acutely available Hsp70 is able to chaperone proteins that are involved in CTL-mediated apoptosis of target cells and to thereby improve their lysability. We also observed that permanent but not acute Hsp70 overexpression resulted in decreased levels of Hsc70, the constitutively expressed member of the Hsp70 family. Down-regulation of Hsc70 occurs at the post-transcriptional level and can be observed also after long-term induction of Hsp70 in cells containing the doxycycline-inducible expression system. Hsc70 down-regulation might reflect a functional integration of the overexpressed Hsp70 on the basis of a chaperone network so that only acute induction will provide Hsp70 that can improve tumor cell lysability. The implications of the differential effect of acute versus permanent Hsp70 overexpression for tumor therapy are discussed.
Online pricing for web service providers (2006)

We consider Web service providers, which have a finite capacity, and requests for their services, which arrive sequentially overtime, and propose an online algorithm for selecting from such requests and charging for such requests. We show that differentvariations of this problem, both as online and offline (when we know all requests a priori), are hard problems. We initially start with two naive variations of the problem and show these variations are too hard to be solved. Then, we propose an online algorithm for a variation of the problem where we make some statistical assumptions about the requests that Web service providers receive over time.
Long-term Changes in Blood Pressure in Extremely Obese Patients Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery (2006)

Blood pressure reductions that occur after bariatric surgery and substantial weight loss depend on the blood pressure status of patients before surgery: normotensive patients and hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medications show small postsurgical pressure reductions, while patients with elevated blood pressure before surgery show notable postsurgical pressure drops. The overall incidence of hypertension after bariatric surgery declines substantially and remains low.
Non-Degradable Biocompatible Polymers in Medicine: Past, Present and Future (2003)

Polymers have a long history in medicine. Their uses to date range from traditional applications such as catheters, syringes, blood contacting extra corporeal devices to matrices for drug delivery, cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration. Polymers can be broadly classified on the basis of the reactivity of their chemical backbone (or susceptibility of the backbone to breakdown upon exposure to water, i.e., hydrolysis) as non-degradable and degradable. In this review, the polymers that exhibit no to very low degradation in aqueous and biological environments will be covered. The applications of various polymers both in traditional and emerging medical areas is discussed in the context of its chemical structure to better enable material selection for biomedical research.
Molecular Basis of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (1985)

Recherches sur les mutants nif π de Klebsiella pneumoniae. Composants de la nitrogenase: etudes chimiques et spectroscopiques. Etudes de la nitrogenase
A low cost noncoherent receiver with adaptive antenna combining for high speed wireless LANs (2002)

For the market success of high speed WLAN equipment cost and power consumption are of prime concern. One major hurdle is the equalizer which is required due to multipath fading. We study a low cost/low power hybrid receiver structure, which consists of a coherent segment for training sequence processing and a noncoherent segment for processing of the data field. The receiver uses an adaptive antenna array instead of an equalizer. Our main contributions are (i) a simple scheme for the complexity reduction (by 70%) of the combiner training engine, (ii) realistic performance results due to the use of selected channel measurement data sets instead of diversity channel models, and (iii) a hybrid training algorithm which can cope with imperfections of the combiner circuit.
A pilot study of treatment of active ulcerative colitis with natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to alpha‐4 integrin (2002)

A single 3 mg/kg infusion of natalizumab was well tolerated by ulcerative colitis patients. The positive efficacy demonstrated in this study merits further investigation by randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Efficient in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 gag reverse transcription by peptide nucleic acid (PNA) at minimal ratios of PNA/RNA (1997)

We have tested the inhibitory potential of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) on in vitro reverse transcription of the HIV-1 gag gene. PNA was designed to target different regions of the HIV-1 gag gene and the effect on reverse transcription by HIV-1, MMLV and AMV reverse transcriptases (RTs) was investigated. We found that a bis-PNA (parallel antisense 10mer linked to antiparallel antisense 10mer) was superior to both the parallel antisense 10mer and antiparallel antisense 10mer in inhibiting reverse transcription of the gene, thus indicating triplex formation at the target sequence. A complete arrest of reverse transcription was obtained at approximately 6-fold molar excess of the bis-PNA with respect to the gag RNA. At this molar ratio we found no effect on in vitro translation of gag RNA. A 15mer duplex-forming PNA was also found to inhibit reverse transcription at very low molar ratios of PNA/ gag RNA. Specificity of the inhibition of reverse transcription by PNA was confirmed by RNA sequencing, which revealed that all tested RTs were stopped by the PNA/RNA complex at the predicted site. We propose that the effect of PNA is exclusively due to steric hindrance, as we found no signs of RNA degradation that would indicate PNA-mediated RNase H activation of the tested RTs. In conclusion, PNA appears to have a potential to become a specific and efficient inhibitor of reverse transcription in vivo , provided sufficient intracellular levels are achievable.
The immunocytochemical distribution of leukocytic subpopulations in human endometrium. (1987)

Thirty human endometria were selected from women aged 21-54 years who had undergone routine dilation and curettage procedures for tubal ligation, infertility dating, and irregular menstrual cycling. Histologic sections of the cases chosen were examined to exclude any major pathologic condition (including chronic endometritis). The specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies to a common leukocytic antigen (H Leu-1 and PD7/26), pan-T-cell antigen (UCHT1), T helper/inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic antigens (Leu-3a and UCHT4, respectively), pan-B cell antigen (To15 and Leu-12), and macrophage antigens (UCHM1 and Leu-M3). Other antibodies used included TAL-1B5 (anti-HLA-DR), Leu-7 (natural killer cell) and Na 1/34 (anti-T6/Langerhans/interdigitating reticulum cell). The endometria contained significant numbers of common leukocyte antigen-positive cells (occupying approximately 10-15% of the stroma), the numbers of which appeared to increase in the late secretory/pre-menstrual phase (20-25% of the stroma). The major leukocyte populations were T cells and macrophages; the latter, with neutrophils, appeared to account for the premenstrual increase in leukocytes. T cells were distributed both diffusely in the stroma and in periglandular stromal aggregates closely applied to the glands. The T8+ suppressor/cytotoxic population was predominant within the stromal nodules. In addition, scattered intraepithelial T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were present. Macrophages (UCHM1 and HLA-DR+) were also distributed diffusely in the stroma and as part of the periglandular stromal aggregates, in areas sending long cell processes into the epithelium. B cells appeared to be limited to scattered cells in the stroma, only increasing in number within lymphoid follicles. Natural killer cells, as defined by Leu-7+ cells, were also present, scattered singly in the stroma and within lymphoid follicles. The demonstration of large mononuclear dendritic-appearing Na 1/34+ cells within the glands of the endometrium in 5/30 cases suggests the presence of T6+ Langerhans/interdigitating reticulum cells in the endometrium. Thus, the normal endometrium has an important population of immunologically competent cells. Further study of these cell populations may elucidate their contribution, if any, to pathologic conditions in the endometrium.
Effectiveness of a quality improvement intervention for adolescent depression in primary care clinics: a randomized controlled trial. (2005)

A 6-month quality improvement intervention aimed at improving access to evidence-based depression treatments through primary care was significantly more effective than usual care for depressed adolescents from diverse primary care practices. The greater uptake of counseling vs medication under the intervention reinforces the importance of practice interventions that include resources to enable evidence-based psychotherapy for depressed adolescents.
Fundamental features of perpendicular magnetic recording and the design consideration for future portable HDD integration (2005)

Hard disk drive has quickly flooded into mobile fields. Some of the latest representing applications are slim laptop computers, car navigation systems, portable music players and portable photo/video viewers. This is the largest paradigm shift for the hard disk drive application in terms of the environmental condition under which hard disk drives are in operation. The hard disk drives in the new portable applications may operate in wider temperature range and need to resist much severer vibration and shock conditions than conventional cases. In order to propel the future possible application of portable storage devices, the magnetic recording technology for future hard disk drive must have strong environmental robustness along with high density recording performance. Intrinsic magnetic features of perpendicular recording are studied as the backbone for designing future high density hard disk drive systems. By considering portable use of the small form factor hard disk drives, some of the distinguished features play a significant role to attain required performance such as thermal reliability and operational conditions. In this paper, the performance consideration for high density perpendicular magnetic recording and the impact to future small form factor design direction are discussed.
Wavelength dependent propagation loss characteristics of SiGe/Si planar waveguides (1992)

The propagation loss of Si0.9Ge0.1/Si planar optical waveguides has been measured at wavelengths of 1.15 and 1.523 μm. The results show that these waveguides have a low propagation loss (&lt;1dB/cm) at a wavelength of 1.523 μm, which is due to the intrinsic absorption of SiGe whereas at a wavelength of 1.15 μm its loss is determined by both the SiGe absorption edge and defects at the SiGe/Si interface.
Growth rate-related regulation of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12 is a consequence of the polar frameshift mutation in the ilvG gene of this strain (1997)

In Escherichia coli K-12 the intracellular levels of threonine deaminase and transaminase B, products of ilvA and ilvE, respectively, in the ilvGMEDA operon, increase with increasing growth rates (S. Pedersen, P. L. Bloch, S. Reeh, and F. C. Neidhardt, Cell 14:179-190, 1978). However, the transcriptional activities of the upstream ilvpG and the internal ilvpE promoters do not increase. Therefore, the growth rate-related expression of this operon is not regulated at the level of transcription initiation. Unlike other wild-type E. coli strains, E. coli K-12 contains a polar frameshift mutation in the ilvG gene (R. P. Lawther, D. H. Calhoun, C. W. Adams, C. A. Hauser, J. Gray, and G. W. Hatfield, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:922-925, 1981). In an E. coli K-12 (IlvG+) derivative strain, where the reading frame of the ilvG gene is restored, no growth rate-related expression of the ilvGMEDA operon is observed. Thus, the growth rate-related expression of the ilvGMEDA operon in E. coli K-12 is the fortuitous consequence of the polar frameshift mutation in the ilvG gene of this strain.
WIN1, a transcriptional activator of epidermal wax accumulation inArabidopsis (2004)

Epicuticular wax forms a layer of hydrophobic material on plant aerial organs, which constitutes a protective barrier between the plant and its environment. We report here the identification of WIN1, an Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor-type transcription factor, which can activate wax deposition in overexpressing plants. We constitutively expressed WIN1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and found that leaf epidermal wax accumulation was up to 4.5-fold higher in these plants than in control plants. A significant increase was also found in stems. Interestingly, approximately 50% of the additional wax could only be released by complete lipid extractions, suggesting that not all of the wax is superficial. Gene expression analysis indicated that a number of genes, such as CER1, KCS1, and CER2, which are known to be involved in wax biosynthesis, were induced in WIN1 overexpressors. This observation indicates that induction of wax accumulation in transgenic plants is probably mediated through an increase in the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the wax biosynthesis pathway.
Secondary Structure and Membrane Localization of Synthetic Segments and a Truncated Form of the IsK (minK) Protein (1994)

IsK, also referred to as minK, is a membrane protein consisting of 130 amino acids and localized mainly in epithelial cells but also in human T lymphocytes. Depending on the cRNA concentration that was injected into Xenopus oocytes, IsK and its truncated forms can induce either a K+ current alone or both K+ and Cl- currents [Attali et al. (1993) Nature 365, 850-852]. To obtain information on the secondary structure and the topology of IsK in a membrane-bound state, the synthesis, fluorescent-labeling, and structural and functional characterization of five polypeptides of 20-63 amino acids within the rat IsK protein were examined. The alpha-helical content of the segments, assessed in methanol using circular dichroism, suggests that both the N-terminal and transmembrane segments of IsK adopt alpha-helical structures. Binding experiments and the blue shift of 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD)-labeled peptides suggest that while both the alpha-helical transmembrane segment and the N-terminal of IsK are located within the lipid bilayer, the linking segment between the two segments lies on the surface of the membrane. The fluorescence energy transfer, between donor and acceptor-labeled truncated IsK, suggests that it aggregates within phospholipid membranes. Although a protein whose sequence is similar to that of truncated IsK can induce K+ channel activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the inability of a truncated IsK to form functional K+ channels in planar lipid membranes supports increasing evidence that the protein alone cannot form a K+ channel.
Serum levels of interferons and TNF-alpha are not correlated to psoriasis activity and therapy. (1994)

Sera from 52 patients with psoriasis and 106 controls were tested for IFN-tau, IFN-alpha 2 and TNF-alpha in ELISA and for total IFN activity using an infectivity inhibition micromethod. Psoriasis patients had lower serum levels of IFN-tau than had the controls: median 0.10 ng/ml vs. 0.16 ng/ml (p = 0.01). The highest median serum IFN-tau levels were in patients with peripherally spreading psoriasis, 0.10 ng/ml, and acute guttate psoriasis, 0.09 ng/ml. Patients with stable plaque psoriasis had lower serum IFN-tau levels (median 0.0) than those with other forms of psoriasis, or blood donors. The serum levels of IFN-alpha 2, total IFN activity and TNF-alpha did not differ between the psoriasis and control group. Treatment with cyclosporin, acitretin and the Goeckerman regimen increased the total IFN activity, but did not affect the levels of IFNs nor TNF-alpha.
Water Science Reviews 3 (1988)

Interest in water will continue to grow for a long time to come. It will continue to spread over a large number of disciplines and technologies. Research into water in all its aspects has become so diverse that even those with a direct interest find it impossible to keep up with the original literature beyond a very limited range. On the other hand, scientists want to keep in touch with a wide spectrum of basic and applied research on water and the role played by aqueous solvents in physical, chemical, biological, technological and environmental processes. Water Science Reviews contains three or four critical reviews of the type previously published in the seven volume work Water - A Comprehensive Treatise. Some reviews update previously published topics, while others feature areas of Water Sciences that have never yet been reviewed. A common focus is the central position adopted by water in the systems and processes described.
Structural effects of dibromocarbazoles on direct arylation polycondensation with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (2016)

Microwave-assisted direct arylation polycondensation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene produced a solution processable and electrochromic polymer when 3,6-dibromocarbazole was employed as a comonomer.
Method to Monitor Initiation of Aerial Infestations by Alates of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in High-Rise Buildings (1989)

Wood devices were placed on roof surfaces of multi-storied buildings to monitor establishment of aerial infestations by alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in urban southeastern Florida during one swarming season. A total of 80 alate visits was recorded from 20 devices, with nine pairs successfully establishing copulatoria.
Mother to infant or infant to mother? Reciprocal regulation of responsiveness to stress in rodents and the implications for humans (2004)

Optimal early development in most species is dependent upon a stable relationship between the mother and her infant. The research described here focuses on the reciprocal nature of this dyad in rodents and humans, with respect to the regulation of responsiveness to stress in both mother and offspring. Dietary influences are critical not only to regulate infant growth but also to modulate the response of the neuroendocrine system to stress and, possibly, to influence some aspects of brain development. In particular, we discuss the role of leptin, a protein produced in the adipose tissue and present in maternal milk, that reduces responses to stress in the infant. We suggest that leptin acts on both central (hypothalamus and hippocampus) and peripheral (pituitary, adrenal gland) targets in the infant to reduce exposure to glucocorticoids and enhance hippocampal development during a sensitive period of brain development. There is also evidence to support the reverse regulatory influence, in which maternal state is profoundly affected by stimulation from the young. During the period of lactation, mothers exhibit lower neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to several types of stressors, except possibly those representing a threat to the infant. This ability to "filter" relevant from irrelevant stimuli while caring for their young might be viewed as adaptive for the mother-infant dyad, and the inability to filter adequately stressful stimuli could at least in part be associated with the development of postpartum depression.