gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Intestinal Coccidiosis Following DNA Immunization with the Cloned 3-1E Eimeria Gene Plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-γ (2005)

A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. Vaccination efficacy was assessed by increased serum anti-3-1E antibody titers, reduced fecal oocyst shedding, and enhanced body weight gain following experimental infection with E. acervulina. When used alone, anti-3-1E antibody titers were transiently, but reproducibly, increased at 2 wk and 3 wk posthatching in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, significantly reduced oocyst shedding and increased weight gain were observed at relatively high-dose 3-1E vaccinations (> or =25 microg/egg). Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. Taken together, these results indicate that in ovo immunization with a recombinant Eimeria gene in conjunction with cytokine adjuvants stimulates protective intestinal immunity against coccidiosis.
Highly increased levels of active stromelysin in rheumatoid synovial fluid determined by a selective fluorogenic assay (1997)

Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) is an important member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. In joint-degrading diseases like arthritis, elevated levels of MMP-3 protein are detected in synovial fluid using immunological methods. However, these methods do not discriminate between active and inactive enzyme. In the present study, a specific stromelysin activity assay was developed using the selective fluorogenic substrate TNO003 (Dabcyl-Gaba-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Val-Glu / Nva-Trp-Arg-Glu-(EDANS)-Ala-Lys-NH2, / =cleavage site). For its use in biological media, cleavage of TNO003 by enzymes other than stromelysin was effectively blocked by a proteinase inhibitor cocktail. Spiking of MMP-3 to synovial fluid resulted in an MMP-3 concentration-dependent linear increase in activity. The measured MMP-3 activity was not affected by the addition of MMP-13, even in a 5-fold excess over MMP-3. Synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients demonstrated 100-fold higher levels of active stromelysin than control synovial fluids.
A note on the Ziv - Lempel model for compressing individual sequences (Corresp.) (1983)

The Ziv-Lempel compression algorithm is a string matching and parsing approach to data compression. The symbolwise equivalent for parsing models has been defined by Rissanen and Langdon and gives the same ideal codelength at the same cost in coding parameters. By describing the context and coding parameter for each symbol an insight is provided into how the Ziv-Lempel method achieves compression. This treatment does not employ a probabilistic source for the data string. The Ziv-Lempel method effectively counts symbol instances within parsed phrases. The coding parameter for each symbolwise context is determined by cumulative count ratios. The code string length increase for a symbol <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</tex> following substring <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> , under the symbolwise equivalent, is the log of the ratio of node counts in subtrees <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s\cdot y</tex> of the Ziv-Lempel parsing tree. To demonstrate the symbolwise equivalent of the Ziv-Lempel algorithm, we extend the work of Rissanen and Langdon to incomplete parse trees. The result requires the proper handling of the comma when one phrase is the prefix of another phrase.
A Protective Role of Locally Administered Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide in a Mouse Model of Genital Herpes Infection (2002)

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are known as potent activators of the immune system and inducers of several Th1-associated immunomodulatory cytokines. We therefore investigated whether such a CpG-containing ODN (CpG ODN) given mucosally in the female genital tract could enhance innate immunity and protect against genital herpes infection. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were treated intravaginally with either CpG ODN or a non-CpG ODN control in the absence of any antigen either 2 days before or 4 h after an intravaginal challenge with a normally lethal dose of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Mice treated with CpG ODN exhibited significantly decreased titers of HSV-2 in their vaginal fluids compared with non-CpG ODN-treated mice. Furthermore, CpG ODN pretreatment significantly protected against development of disease and death compared to non-CpG ODN pretreatment. Most strikingly, CpG ODN conferred protection against disease and death even when given after the viral challenge. The CpG ODN-induced protection was associated with a rapid production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and RANTES in the genital tract mucosa following CpG ODN treatment. The observed protection appeared to be dependent on IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-18, and T cells, as CpG ODN pretreatment did not confer any significant protection in mice deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-18, or T cells. Further, a complete protective immunity to reinfection was elicited in CpG ODN-treated, HSV-2-challenged mice, suggesting a role for mucosally administered CpG ODN in inducing the development of an acquired immune response in addition to its potent stimulation of innate immunity.
Cloned platelet thrombin receptor is necessary for thrombin-induced platelet activation. (1992)

Platelet activation by thrombin is critical for hemostasis and thrombosis. Structure-function studies with a recently cloned platelet thrombin receptor suggest that a hirudin-like domain in the receptor's extracellular amino terminal extension is a thrombin-binding determinant important for receptor activation. We now report that a peptide antiserum to this domain is a potent and specific antagonist of thrombin-induced platelet activation. This study demonstrates that the cloned platelet thrombin receptor is necessary for platelet activation by thrombin, and provides a strategy for developing blocking monoclonal antibodies of potential therapeutic value.
Water-Mediated Catalyst Preactivation: An Efficient Protocol for C−N Cross-Coupling Reactions (2008)

A protocol for forming a highly active Pd(0) catalyst from Pd(OAc) 2, water, and biaryldialkylphosphine ligands has been developed. This protocol generates a catalyst system, which exhibits excellent reactivity and efficiency in the coupling of a variety of amides and anilines with aryl chlorides.
Separation of Ethylene−Vinyl Acetate Copolymers by High-Temperature Gradient Liquid Chromatography (2007)

Ethylene−vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers can be semicrystalline or amorphous materials, depending on their chemical composition. A variety of different methods were used for the analysis of the chemical composition distribution of these copolymers, which in general were time- and labor-consuming and could be applied only for a limited range of compositions. In the present work a novel chromatographic method is presented that can be used for chemical composition analysis regardless of the composition of the copolymer. High-temperature gradient HPLC has been found to be suitable for chemical composition separation of semicrystalline and amorphous EVA copolymers. In addition, separation is achieved from the respective homopolymers. We have found that gradients of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/cyclohexanone, decalin/cyclohexanone, and decalin/1-decanol enable the selective elution of the copolymers from silica gel at 140 °C. The EVA copolymers elute in dependence of their content of the polar vinyl acetate comonomer. Full adsorption and desorption of the samples controlled by the gradient could be achieved for all compositions. Coupling of the gradient HPLC system with FTIR spectroscopy through a LC−transform interface confirmed the chemical composition separation and revealed the chemical heterogeneity of the copolymers. Conditions for liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) have been established for poly(vinyl acetate) at 140 °C.
Design and performance of small printed antennas (1998)

Electrically small microstrip patches incorporating shorting posts are thoroughly investigated. These antennas are suitable for mobile communications handsets where limited antenna size is a premium. Techniques to enhance the bandwidth of these antennas are presented and performance trends are established. From these trends, valuable insight to the optimum design, namely broad bandwidth, small size, and ease of manufacturing, is given.
An efficient probe with a planar metallic pattern for high-density near-field optical memory (2002)

A probe with a single or double triangle-shaped planar metallic pattern is proposed to increase efficiency. The probe's optical property was investigated using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculation method.
Interactions of Phenol and m-Cresol in the Insulin Hexamer, and Their Effect on the Association Properties of B28 Pro → Asp Insulin Analogues (1998)

Insulin's natural tendency to form dimers and hexamers is significantly reduced in a mutant insulin B28 Pro --> Asp, which has been designed as a monomeric, rapid-acting hormone for therapeutic purposes. This molecule can be induced to form zinc hexamers in the presence of small phenolic derivatives which are routinely used as antimicrobial agents in insulin preparations. Two structures of B28 Asp insulin have been determined from crystals grown in the presence of phenol and m-cresol. In these crystals, insulin exists as R6 zinc hexamers containing a number of phenol or m-cresol molecules associated with aromatic side chains at the dimer-dimer interfaces. At the monomer-monomer interfaces, the B28 Pro --> Asp mutation leads to increased conformational flexibility in the B chain C termini, resulting in the loss of important intermolecular van der Waals contacts, thus explaining the monomeric character of B28 Asp insulin. The structure of a cross-linked derivative of B28 Asp insulin, containing an Ala-Lys dipeptide linker between residues B30 Ala and A1 Gly, has also determined. This forms an R6 zinc hexamer containing several m-cresol molecules. Of particular interest in this structure are two m-cresol molecules whose binding disrupted the beta-strand in one of the dimers. This observation suggests that the cross-link introduces mechanical strain on the B chain C terminus, thereby weakening the monomer-monomer interactions.
Molecular genetic investigation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (2011)

Molecular genetic studies of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are reviewed as a basis for the development of genomics of this species. The methods used to study structural and functional genomics are considered. The results and their application to increase the efficiency of sugar beet breeding are discussed.
Getting attention for a ceramic art exhibition: A Case study of a nonprofit’s promotional campaign (2012)

A participant-observation case study of a promotional campaign developed and implemented for a temporary, nonprofit ceramic art exhibition. The subject is introduced through a review of both theoretical and practical research examples centered on marketing and public relations for arts and cultural attractions. The present study offers a descriptive and evaluative analysis of the campaign's promotional strategies and tactics. Strategies discussed include promotional objectives, prospective audiences, assessment of available resources, and scheduling and implementation. The tactics include direct mail and email delivery of press releases, promotional materials, and the use of social media. Findings demonstrate that publicity generated primarily was derived from a combination of personalized email communications and timely, unique press releases.
Improved bioavailability of orally delivered insulin using Eudragit-L30D coated PLGA microparticles (2008)

Large porous microparticles of PLGA entrapping insulin were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated in diabetes induced rat for its efficacy in maintaining blood sugar level from a single oral dose. Incorporation of Eudragit L30D (0.03% w/v) in the external aqueous phase resulted in formation of pH responsive enteric coated polymer particles which release most of the entrapped insulin in alkaline pH. At acidic pH, release of insulin from uncoated PLGA microparticles and Eudragit L30D coated PLGA microparticles was 31.62 +/- 1.8% and 17.5 +/- 1.29%, respectively, for initial 30 min. However, in 24 h, in vitro released insulin from uncoated PLGA and Eudragit coated particles was 96.29 +/- 1.01% and 88.30 +/- 1%, respectively. Released insulin from composite polymer particles were mostly in monomer form without aggregation and was stable for a month at 37 degrees C. Oral administration of insulin loaded PLGA (50 : 50) and Eudragit L30D coated PLGA (50 : 50) microparticles (equivalent to 25 IU insulin/kg of animal weight) in alloxan induced diabetic rats resulted in 37.3 +/- 11% and 62.7 +/- 3.8% reduction in blood glucose level, respectively, in 2 h. This effect continued up to 24 h in the case of Eudragit L30D coated PLGA microparticles. Results demonstrate that use of stabilizers during PLGA particle formulation, large porous particle for quick release of insulin and coating with Eudragit L30D resulted in a novel oral formulation for once a day delivery of insulin.
Graphene in Mice: Ultrahigh In Vivo Tumor Uptake and Efficient Photothermal Therapy (2010)

Although biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes have been intensively studied in recent years, its sister, graphene, has been rarely explored in biomedicine. In this work, for the first time we study the in vivo behaviors of nanographene sheets (NGS) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating by a fluorescent labeling method. In vivo fluorescence imaging reveals surprisingly high tumor uptake of NGS in several xenograft tumor mouse models. Distinctive from PEGylated carbon nanotubes, PEGylated NGS shows several interesting in vivo behaviors including highly efficient tumor passive targeting and relatively low retention in reticuloendothelial systems. We then utilize the strong optical absorbance of NGS in the near-infrared (NIR) region for in vivo photothermal therapy, achieving ultraefficient tumor ablation after intravenous administration of NGS and low-power NIR laser irradiation on the tumor. Furthermore, no obvious side effect of PEGylated NGS is noted for the injected mice by histology, blood chemistry, and complete blood panel analysis in our pilot toxicity study. Although a lot more efforts are required to further understand the in vivo behaviors and the long-term toxicology of this new type of nanomaterials, our work is the first success of using carbon nanomaterials for efficient in vivo photothermal therapy by intravenous administration and suggests the great promise of graphene in biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of an improved enantioselective naproxen selector (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign, synthesis, and evaluation of an improved enantioselective naproxen selectorWilliam H. Pirkle, Christopher J. Welch, and Bo LammCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 14, 3854–3860Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00040a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00040a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1197Altmetric-Citations223LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adjustable Bandwidth Filter Design Based on Interdigital Capacitors (2008)

In this letter, we explore a general-purpose microstrip coupling model for computer aided design of new bandpass filters. The J-inverter topology of the model facilitates the study of coupling behaviours of different microstrip structures leading to a quick comparison of their coupling strengths. Based on such comparison, microstrip filters with interdigital capacitors and etched slots yielding relatively higher coupling coefficients are designed, fabricated and tested. The filters exhibit relatively wider bandwidths which are easily adjustable by way of changing the geometrical parameters of interdigital capacitors and slots.
In Vitro Metabolic Stabilities and Metabolism of 2′- O -(Methoxyethyl) Partially Modified Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides in Preincubated Rat or Human Whole Liver Homogenates (2010)

In vitro metabolic stability testing of phosphorothioate 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) partially modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is not routinely performed to help screen discovery compounds (eg, predict in vivo half-lives), as no suitable in vitro test system currently exists. The aims of this work were to develop, optimize, and evaluate an in vitro whole liver homogenate (rat or human) test system. The test system was used to evaluate in vitro metabolic stabilities (intrinsic clearance) of selected ASOs, with results compared to reported in vivo half-lives, and generated metabolites also identified. Test system optimization involved preincubating whole liver homogenates at 37°C for ≥24 hours, which increased in vitro ASO metabolism rate. From calculated in vitro intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) values in preincubated rat or human whole liver homogenates, metabolic stabilities of fully phosphorothioated 2'-MOE ASOs (ISIS 104838 and ISIS 301012) were, as expected, greater (ie, lower CL(int)) than a 2'-MOE ASO containing a single phosphodiester substitution (ISIS 104838PO10). However, comparable-to-lower in vitro metabolic stability for ISIS 301012 was seen compared to ISIS 104838, in contrast to reported ∼2-fold longer in vivo tissue elimination half-lives for ISIS 301012. Identified in vitro metabolic products of ISIS 301012 were consistent with previously reported in vivo observations.
Synergistic interaction between interleukin-12 and steel factor in support of proliferation of murine lymphohematopoietic progenitors in culture (1994)

We have investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-12 (natural killer cell stimulatory factor/cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor) on the proliferation of murine myeloid and lymphohematopoietic progenitors in methylcellulose culture. In the presence of erythropoietin (Ep), IL-12 alone failed to support colony formation by mononuclear and enriched marrow cells of normal mice. Steel factor (SF) alone supported primarily formation of granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony formation. However, the combination of the two cytokines yielded a significant number of multilineage colonies. When tested on marrow cells from 5- fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice, the combination of IL-12 and SF, but not the single factors, was effective in support of formation of various types of colonies. Approximately 25% of these colonies yielded pre-B-cell colonies when replated in secondary culture containing SF and IL-7, indicating that IL-12 can interact with SF in supporting the development of primitive lymphohematopoietic progenitors. These results demonstrate that IL-12, a cytokine believed to be involved in the development of cell-mediated immune responses, has a wider range of activity, including committed myeloid and multipotent lymphohematopoietic progenitors.
The Power of Direct Writing (2000)

In a direct-write approach, micrometer-scale structures are built directly without the use of masks, allowing rapid prototyping. Direct-write approaches are enabling faster, cheaper manufacture of electronic components and are also used for tissue engineering and array-based biosensors. In his Perspective, Chrisey provides a short overview of current research in the area of direct-write technologies, focusing on the materials science aspects.
Deubiquitylation of histone H2A activates transcriptional initiation via trans-histone cross-talk with H3K4 di- and trimethylation (2008)

Transcriptional initiation is a key step in the control of mRNA synthesis and is intimately related to chromatin structure and histone modification. Here, we show that the ubiquitylation of H2A (ubH2A) correlates with silent chromatin and regulates transcriptional initiation. The levels of ubH2A vary during hepatocyte regeneration, and based on microarray expression data from regenerating liver, we identified USP21, a ubiquitin-specific protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ubH2A. When chromatin is assembled in vitro, ubH2A, but not H2A, specifically represses the di- and trimethylation of H3K4. USP21 relieves this ubH2A-specific repression. In addition, in vitro transcription analysis revealed that ubH2A represses transcriptional initiation, but not transcriptional elongation, by inhibiting H3K4 methylation. Notably, ubH2A-mediated repression was not observed when H3 Lys 4 was changed to arginine. Furthermore, overexpression of USP21 in the liver up-regulates a gene that is normally down-regulated during hepatocyte regeneration. Our studies revealed a novel mode of trans-histone cross-talk, in which H2A ubiquitylation controls the di- and trimethylation of H3K4, resulting in regulation of transcriptional initiation.