gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of TGFβ gene expression in rat liver intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (1990)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) has been implicated as having a central role in the postinflammatory tissue regeneration and fibrosis. To test its potential involvement in events that follow hepatotoxin-mediated liver regeneration and fibrosis, we quantitated changes in the steady-state levels of TGF beta mRNA in parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells at various times after an acute treatment with CCl4, and also compared TGF beta gene expression in these two cell types from livers subjected to chronic CCl4 treatment. The parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells from normal liver contained undetectable amounts of TGF beta mRNA. In contrast, we could readily detect TGF beta specific transcripts in both the parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells after acute injury. Nonparenchymal cells from acutely injured liver contained fivefold greater amounts of TGF beta mRNA, which peaked at 48 h and declined thereafter. In chronically treated rat livers (1, 2, 3, and 7 wk after the initiation of CCl4 treatment), increased expression of TGF beta mRNA was found only in nonparenchymal cells obtained after 2-3 wk of treatment. Strikingly large elevations in the steady-state levels of beta-actin mRNA in CCl4-treated liver were also observed, which may be related to the known regenerative processes associated with acute liver toxicity. Changing dynamics of TGF beta gene expression, therefore, appear to be an important attribute of regenerating liver after acute or chronic CCl4 toxicity.
Nucleotide sequence of the small double-stranded RNA segment of bacteriophage phi 6: novel mechanism of natural translational control (1986)

The lipid-containing bacteriophage phi 6 has a genome composed of three segments of double-stranded RNA. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA copy of the smallest RNA segment. The coding sequences of the four proteins on this segment were identified. These sequences were clustered. Three of the genes had overlapping initiation-termination codons. All noncoding sequences were at the ends of the molecule. The genes of the small double-stranded RNA segment comprised two translational polarity groups. We propose that the translational coupling is the result of an inability of ribosomes to bind independently to two of the four genes. Translation of these genes occurred when ribosomes were delivered to them by translation of an upstream gene.
Vibratory Asymmetry in Mobile Vocal Folds: Is it Predictive of Vocal Fold Paresis? (2011)

The videostroboscopic finding of vibratory asymmetry in mobile vocal folds is a reliable predictor of vocal fold paresis in most cases. However, the ability of expert reviewers to determine the distribution (left/right/bilateral) of the paresis using videostroboscopic findings is poor. This study highlights the value of laryngeal electromyography in arriving at a correct diagnosis in this clinical situation.
Mechanism of the Gelation of Fibroin Solution (1993)

Degummed silk was dissolved in a mixture of CaCl2 and ethanol at low temperature. The concentration and pH of the centrifuged, filtered, and dialyzed silk solution were adjusted, and then it was kept in an air-conditioned room for gelation. The mechanism of the gelation and the gel structure were studied. It was found that the gel was formed due to the formation of beta-structure in the fibroin solution. The gelation was dependent on the pH of the fibroin solution.
Polymer films on electrodes. 5. Electrochemistry and chemiluminescence at Nafion-coated electrodes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer films on electrodes. 5. Electrochemistry and chemiluminescence at Nafion-coated electrodesIsrael Rubinstein and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 5007–5013Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00407a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1050Altmetric-Citations255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of microspheres with microphase-separated shells (2000)

Novel structural microspheres of the Janus type, with microphase-separated polystyrene (PS) and poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) shells and crosslinked poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PVP) cores, were synthesized with the crosslinking of PVP spherical domains in poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl pyridine-block-tert-butyl methacrylate) ABC triblock terpolymer film with PS/PBMA lamellae–PVP spherical structures. For the formation of lamellae-sphere structures, toluene, which was a selective solvent for the ABC triblock terpolymer, was used. With the crosslinking of PVP spheres in the microphase-separated film with 1,4-diiodobutane gas, the microphase structure of the terpolymer was fixed, and microspheres composed of microphase-separated PS and PBMA shells and P2VP cores were obtained. The size distribution of the purified microspheres was narrow. The characteristics of the microspheres and their aggregation behaviors in selective solvents were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and light scattering methods. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2091–2097, 2000
Ignoring the Obvious: Possibilities for On-chip Linearisation of RFIC Power Amplifiers (2002)

Possibilities for on-chip linearisation of RFIC PAs are reviewed. The issues are not just technical, but include some important paradigm shifts which the RFIC user community must traverse.
Maturation of Receptor Proteins in Eukaryotic Expression Systems (1997)

Transient and stable expression in eukaryotic cells is commonly used to examine receptor function. Characterization of the V2 vasopressin receptor synthesized in transiently transfected cells revealed the presence of large quantities of immature protein and a small fraction of fully mature protein. The immature protein was characterized by its sensitivity to endoglycosidase H treatment, abnormal migration in SDS PAGE, and a tendency to form aggregates. Prevention of protein glycosylation by mutagenesis increased the fraction of mature protein produced, but did not eliminate the need for the maturation step. On the other hand, stably transfected cells produce almost exclusively mature receptor protein with a t1/2 of 6 h, while the immature form has a t1/2 of 20 min. In the absence of N-linked glycosylation the t1/2 of the mature V2 receptor in stably transfected cells was reduced to 4.5 h. In transient expression experiments the immature receptor proteins exhibited a prolonged t1/2 of about 8 h. Comparison of the half life of the immature form of the wild type and the R137H mutant V2 receptor did not reveal differences despite the lower amounts of mutant mature receptor detected by binding.
Calibrated nanoscale dopant profiling using a scanning microwave microscope (2012)

The scanning microwave microscope is used for calibrated capacitance spectroscopy and spatially resolved dopant profiling measurements. It consists of an atomic force microscope combined with a vector network analyzer operating between 1–20 GHz. On silicon semiconductor calibration samples with doping concentrations ranging from 1015 to 1020 atoms/cm3, calibrated capacitance-voltage curves as well as derivative dC/dV curves were acquired. The change of the capacitance and the dC/dV signal is directly related to the dopant concentration allowing for quantitative dopant profiling. The method was tested on various samples with known dopant concentration and the resolution of dopant profiling determined to 20% while the absolute accuracy is within an order of magnitude. Using a modeling approach the dopant profiling calibration curves were analyzed with respect to varying tip diameter and oxide thickness allowing for improvements of the calibration accuracy. Bipolar samples were investigated and nano-scale defect structures and p-n junction interfaces imaged showing potential applications for the study of semiconductor device performance and failure analysis.
Atomic and Electronic Structure of Graphene-Oxide (2009)

We elucidate the atomic and electronic structure of graphene oxide (GO) using annular dark field imaging of single and multilayer sheets and electron energy loss spectroscopy for measuring the fine structure of C and O K-edges in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Partial density of states and electronic plasma excitations are also measured for these GO sheets showing unusual pi* + sigma* excitation at 19 eV. The results of this detailed analysis reveal that the GO is rough with an average surface roughness of 0.6 nm and the structure is predominantly amorphous due to distortions from sp3 C-O bonds. Around 40% sp3 bonding was found to be present in these sheets with measured O/C ratio of 1:5. These sp2 to sp3 bond modifications due to oxidation are also supported by ab initio calculations
Ceramides from the spongeDysidea etheria (1983)

Abstract Ceramides have been isolated from the polar organic extracts of the sponge Dysidea etheria . The ceramides proved to be amides of sphingosine with either normal, saturated fatty acids or saturated α‐hydroxy fatty acids. Sphingosine was identified by isolation from the hydrolysis reaction mixture, acetylation and comparison of its physical and spectral properties with those reported for authentic sphingosine triacetate. The acids were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of their respective methyl esters.
Prognostic factors in breast cancer: Use of cytologic preparations (1995)

There is increasing evidence that certain morphological features and biological markers found in breast tumors may provide prognostic information by predicting the risk of recurrence and metastasis in early breast cancer. This information may also be important in choosing therapeutic options in patients with advanced disease. Prognostic testing is commonly performed on surgically excised lesions. However, there are clinical conditions in which a surgical specimen may not be suitable or available for such analysis. In these circumstances, fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imprint preparation provide an attractive sample for prognostic testings. This review summarizes the current approach to the use of cytologic preparation for assessment of established and newly recognized prognostic factors.
Statin Therapy Accelerates Reendothelialization (2002)

These findings establish additional mechanisms by which statins may specifically preempt disordered vascular wall pathology and constitute physiological evidence that EPC mobilization represents a functionally relevant consequence of statin therapy.
Using aspectC to improve the modularity of path-specific customization in operating system code (2001)

Layered architecture in operating system code is often compromised by execution path-specific customizations such as prefetching, page replacement and scheduling strategies. Path-specific customizations are difficult to modularize in a layered architecture because they involve dynamic context passing and layer violations. Effectively they are vertically integrated slices through the layers. An initial experiment using an aspect-oriented programming language to refactor prefetching in the FreeBSD operating system kernal shows significant benefits, including easy (un)pluggability of prefetching modes, independent development of prefetching modes, and overall improved comprehensibility.
Gaussian Dynamics of Folded Proteins (1997)

Vibrational dynamics of folded proteins is studied using a Gaussian model in which the protein is viewed as a network, residues representing the junctions, and the connectivity being established by a single parameter harmonic potential. Application to seven proteins showed that the local packing density plays a major role in determining the vibrational spectrum at time scales of picoseconds. At later times, the secondary structure and tertiary context of each residue comes into play. The vibrational frequencies obey a universal distribution, confirming previous normal mode analyses.
Follicular fluid hormone concentrations after ovarian stimulation using gonadotropin preparations with different FSH/LH ratios. I. Comparison of an FSH-dominant and a purified FSH preparation. (1998)

Treatment with a gonadotropin preparation containing no LH resulted in adequate androgen and estrogen levels in antral fluid of the ovarian follicle in women with normal endocrine profiles, even during pituitary suppression by a GnRH agonist. Apparently, the amount of endogenous LH was sufficient for steroid production within the follicle.
Dielectric isolation of silicon by anodic bonding (1985)

Dielectrically isolated silicon was produced by anodically bonding together a pair of silicon wafers whose surfaces were covered with an electrically nonconductive micron layer of thermally grown oxide. Although anodic bonding normally requires a conductive oxide, anodic bonding works with nonconductive silicon oxide if the total layer of silicon oxide is less than ten microns thick. The time needed for the anodic bonding process decreases monotonically with temperature because the increase in the deformability of silicon oxide overcomes the decrease in the maximum permissible anodic bonding voltage with temperature. However, factors such as silicon degradation and electrode reactions at very high temperatures indicate that a compromise temperature range of 850–950 °C is best for the anodic bonding of silicon oxide. Bonding voltages of 30–50 V for times of about an hour produced the best bonding yields at these temperatures. Anodically bonded silicon wafers were examined with infrared and ultrasonic transmission microscopy for bond quality. Small scattered nonbonded zones comprising on the average 5% of the total wafer area were found in all wafers. These nonbonded zones were the result of dust particles, entrapped gas, and dimensional mismatches between multiple bonding fronts.
Mechanisms of symptomatic improvement after gastric electrical stimulation in gastroparetic patients (2009)

The aims were to investigate the effects of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on autonomic function, gastric distention and tone, and central control mechanisms in gastroparetic patients. Ten gastroparetic patients refractory to standard medical therapy participated in this study and data were collected at baseline, within two weeks before surgery for implantation of GES system, and at follow-up sessions between 6 and 12 weeks after GES therapy was initiated. In each session, electrocardiogram, electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric barostat measurements were conducted before and after a caloric liquid meal. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) brain scans were performed on a separate day. During GES therapy there was a significant increase in the discomfort threshold for mean pressure from 21 mmHg at baseline to 25 mmHg at follow-up, and for mean volume from 561 mL to 713 mL. A significant increase in the postprandial EGG power (amplitude) was observed between baseline and follow up. The sympathovagal balance was significantly decreased after GES therapy, indicating a significant increase in vagal activity. The cumulative PET data showed an increase in quantitative radioactive counts relative to the standardized data base in both the thalamic and caudate nuclei after chronic GES therapy. We conclude that our data suggest that the symptomatic improvement achieved by GES in gastroparesis is best explained by activation of vagal afferent pathways to influence CNS control mechanisms for nausea and vomiting accompanied by enhanced vagal efferent autonomic function and decreased gastric sensitivity to volume distention which enhances postprandial gastric accommodation.
Opsonic Antibodies to Staphylococcus epidermidis: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Using Human Intravenous Immune Globulin (1994)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including sepsis in premature infants. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) has been used to prevent neonatal sepsis, but efficacy has varied in different clinical trials. The role of IgG antibody in immunity to S. epidermidis was studied using an opsonophagocytic assay and a lipid-emulsion-induced lethal model of neonatal S. epidermidis sepsis. Opsonic antibody to S. epidermidis varied between IVIG preparations and between lots: Lots with > or = 90% opsonic activity promoted bacterial clearance from blood and significantly enhanced survival when compared with lots with < or = 50% opsonic activity. Absorption of IVIG with S. epidermidis removed in vitro opsonic and in vivo protective activity. These studies suggest that opsonic antibody may play an important role in S. epidermidis immunity in immunocompromised patients, such as premature infants. Standard IVIG, however, may not provide therapy effective in preventing S. epidermidis infections, as many IVIG lots contain insufficient levels of opsonic S. epidermidis antibody.
Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Handbook (2000)

Table of contents

CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
Chapter 1: Plastics, Elastomers, and Composites
Chapter 2: Adhesives, Underfills, and Coatings
Chapter 3: Thermal Management
Chapter 4: Connector and Interconnection Technology
Chapter 5: Solder Technologies for Electronic Packaging and Assembly
Chapter 6: Packaging and Interconnection of Integrated Circuits 
Chapter 7: Hybrid Microelectronics and Multichip Modules
Chapter 8: Chip Scale, Flip Chip, and Advanced Chip Packaging Technologies
Chapter 9: Rigid and Flexible Printed Circuit Board Technology
Chapter 10: Packaging of High-Speed and Microwave Electronic Systems
INDEX
Studies of the Utility of Cross Linked Polyvinlpolypyrrolidine as a Tablet Disintegrant (1980)

Studies of different particle size grades of cross linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (Polyplasdone G.A.F. Corporation) In direct compression tablet formulations show that Increase in mean particle size enhances powder flow, disintegration and dissolution although hardness and friability were slightly better for tablets made from the finer grades. The disintegrant exhibits powerful disintegrant action at low concentrations. It should probably be rarely, if ever, necessary to use more than five per cent in a tablet in order to achieve rapid dissolution. It appears that the use of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (P.V.P.P.) as a tablet disintegrant at high concentrations may be self limiting since certain properties such as powder flow, tablet weight variation, hardness and friability start to reach unacceptable levels at high disintegrant concentrations. Data presented in this paper indicates that tablets con-taining acetylsalicylic acid or multi-vitamins can be very effec-tively formulated using P.V.P.P. as a disintegrant.
CD31 + Cells Represent Highly Angiogenic and Vasculogenic Cells in Bone Marrow (2010)

These data indicate that BM-CD31(+) cells represent highly angiogenic and vasculogenic cells and can be a novel and highly promising source of cells for cell therapy to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
Reduced mitogenic responses in cultures of lymphocytes from newly calved cows. (1977)

The proliferative responses to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in cultures of lymphocytes from newly calved and non-pregnant cattle were compared. Lymphocyte cultures from newly calved cows were seen to respond less to PHA than cultures from the non-pregnant cows. It is suggested that this depression in responsiveness of lymphocytes in the immediate post-parturient period may be involved in the etiology of disease in cattle during the immediate post-parturient period.
Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for a novel alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype. (1990)

A novel alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype has been cloned from a bovine brain cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence is that of a 466-residue polypeptide. The structure is similar to that of the other adrenergic receptors as well as the larger family of G protein-coupled receptors that have a presumed seven-membrane-spanning domain topography. The greatest sequence identity of this receptor protein is with the previously cloned hamster alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor being approximately 72% within the presumed membrane-spanning domains. Localization on different human chromosomes provides evidence that the bovine cDNA is distinct from the hamster alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. The bovine cDNA clone expressed in COS7 cells revealed 10-fold higher affinity for the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists WB4101 and phentolamine and the agonist oxymetazoline as compared with the alpha 1B receptor, results similar to pharmacologic binding properties described for the alpha 1A receptor. Despite these similarities in pharmacological profiles, the bovine alpha 1-adrenergic receptor is sensitive to inhibition by the alkylating agent chloroethylclonidine unlike the alpha 1A-adrenergic receptor subtype. In addition, a lack of expression in tissues where the alpha 1A subtype exists suggests that this receptor may actually represent a novel alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype not previously appreciated by pharmacological criteria.
Low-distance surface codes under realistic quantum noise (2014)

Experimental implementation of the surface code will be a significant milestone for quantum computing. We develop a circuit and a decoder targeted for near-term implementation of a distance-3 surface code. We simulate the code under amplitude and phase damping and compare the threshold to a Pauli-twirl approximation. We find that the approximation yields a pessimistic threshold estimate. From numerical Monte Carlo simulations, we identify the gate and measurement speeds required to achieve reliable error correction. For superconductor devices, a qubit encoded in a 17-qubit surface code demonstrates a lower error rate than an unencoded qubit assuming gate times of 5--40 ns and ${T}_{1}$ times of at least 1--2 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. If ${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\ge}10$ ns, the difference is significant and can be experimentally measured, allowing near-term implementation and verification of a small surface code. For ion trap devices, gates times of 1 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ and ${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\ge}40$ ms admit measurable differences in error rate.
X-ray phototherapy for canine brain masses (1997)

Brain masses diagnosed in 47 pet dogs as tumors by CT scans, and confirmed in 12 dogs by necropsies, were injected with iodinated contrast media and treated by a modified CT scanner, the CTRx. Twenty-six dogs that received six or more weekly treatments of about 5.6 Gy per fraction, of which about 25% was contributed by radiation from the iodine, for a median total dose of 39 Gy, had a median survival of 230 days. This compares well with the 150 days reported for 25 dogs given 46-48 Gy of cobalt-60 radiation to the whole brain, and is significantly greater than the 6 to 13 days in untreated historic controls.