gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nb/AlOx/Nb trilayer process for the fabrication of submicron Josephson junctions and low-noise dc SQUIDs (1991)

A trilayer deposition process for making high quality all-refractory Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions is described. The sputtering parameters were optimized to deposit very uniform Al films, less than 5 nm in thickness. We found that it was essential to keep the substrate temperature below 40 °C during Al deposition but not during Nb depositions. Rapid anodization of the Nb counterelectrode allowed us to use positive photoresist as an anodization mask even for submicron geometries. The dc superconducting quantum interference devices made with this process have the lowest intrinsic energy sensitivity reported to date for an all-refractory technology.
Multi-camera calibration, object tracking and query generation (2003)

An automatic object tracking and video summarization method for multi-camera systems with a large number of non-overlapping field-of-view cameras is explained. In this framework, video sequences are stored for each object as opposed to storing a sequence for each camera. Object-based representation enables annotation of video segments, and extraction of content semantics for further analysis. We also present a novel solution to the inter-camera color calibration problem. The transitive model function enables effective compensation for lighting changes and radiometric distortions for large-scale systems. After initial calibration, objects are tracked at each camera by background subtraction and mean-shift analysis. The correspondence of objects between different cameras is established by using a Bayesian belief network. This framework empowers the user to get a concise response to queries such as "which locations did an object visit on Monday and what did it do there?".
Antibodies against human lymphokines: I. Methods for induction of antibodies capable of neutralizing stable (α) and unstable (β) lymphotoxins released in vitro by activated human lymphocytes (1977)

Various methods were employed to induce antibodies in rabbits that were capable of neutralizing different families of lymphotoxins (LT). Both stable (alpha-LT) and unstable (beta-LT) molecules, released by activated human lymphocytes in vitro, were neutralized. The different LT families were first separated into their respective groups by physical-chemical methods. Immunization with small quantities of antigen yielded a high percentage of responder animals. Techniques were developed for eliciting alpha-LT antibodies using as little as 2--3 ml of a cell-free supernatant. The situation was more difficult, however, when the unstable beta-LT molecules were employed as antigens. We found that because of the low concentration and lability of beta-LT in supernatants, the immunizing dose had to be: a) handled rapidly, b) larger than that used with the alpha-LT, and c) injected at closer intervals and over a longer immunization protocol. Physical-chemical studies supperted the concept that the LT-neutralizing activity in the immune serum was immunoglobulin.
The Preparation of Acetopropyl Alcohol and 1,4-Pentanediol from Methylfuran2 (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Acetopropyl Alcohol and 1,4-Pentanediol from Methylfuran2L. E. Schniepp, H. H. Geller, and R. W. von KorffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 672–674Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Oxidative Cleavage of the Platinum‐Hydrogen Bond in trans‐(PtHCl(PEt3)2). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
评《城市模式,人类生态学研究》 (1984)

人类生态学是研究相互关联的社会变量在空间分布的学科。它的理论目的是作出对被观察的各种分布状态的解释和对产生这些分布过程的理解。二十年代和三十年代间,由芝加哥大学系统阐述的人类生态学的标准论点,强调了作为社会主要进程的竞争,特别是为了土地的竞争。但是由于人类中的相互依存和分工,竞争意味着某种程度的既非出自本意又非预料
Genetic and Chemical Activation of TFEB Mediates Clearance of Aggregated α-Synuclein (2015)

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is associated with the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The formation of α-syn aggregates results from aberrant accumulation of misfolded α-syn and insufficient or impaired activity of the two main intracellular protein degradation systems, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, in preventing the accumulation of α-syn aggregates in human neuroglioma cells. We found that TFEB overexpression reduces the accumulation of aggregated α-syn by inducing autophagic clearance of α-syn. Furthermore, we showed that pharmacological activation of TFEB using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin promotes autophagic clearance of aggregated α-syn. In summary, our findings demonstrate that TFEB modulates autophagic clearance of α-syn and suggest that pharmacological activation of TFEB is a promising strategy to enhance the degradation of α-syn aggregates.
Attenuated Mengo virus as a vector for immunogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120. (1994)

Introduction of a sequence encoding 147 amino acids from human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) strain MN glycoprotein gp120 into the RNA genome of the stably attenuated Mengo virus strain vM16 yielded an infectious recombinant virus, vMLN450, which expressed the heterologous HIV-1 sequence along with the normal Mengo virus proteins. The HIV-1 gp120 sequence, fused to the amino terminus of the short, nonstructural Mengo virus leader polypeptide was recognized by a gp120 V3 loop-specific monoclonal antibody. When inoculated into mice, recombinant virus vMLN450 elicited a high-titer anti-HIV-1 antibody response as well as an HIV-1MN-specific cytotoxic cellular immune response. An anti-HIV-1 antibody response could also be detected in cynomolgus monkeys after a single immunization. We propose that attenuated Mengo virus can serve as an effective expression vector in cell systems and various animal species and offers another approach to the development of new, live recombinant vaccines.
A library of siRNA duplexes targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway: determinants of gene silencing for use in cell-based screens (2004)

Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has been established as a means of conducting reverse genetic studies. In order to better understand the determinants of short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown for use in high-throughput cell-based screens, 148 siRNA duplexes targeting 30 genes within the PI3K pathway were selected and synthesized. The extent of RNA knockdown was measured for 22 genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Analysis of the parameters correlating with effective knockdown showed that (i) duplexes targeting the middle of the coding sequence silenced significantly poorer, (ii) silencing by duplexes targeting the 3'UTR was comparable with duplexes targeting the coding sequence, (iii) pooling of four or five duplexes per gene was remarkably efficient in knocking down gene expression and (iv) among duplexes that achieved a >70% knockdown of the mRNA there were strong nucleotide preferences at specific positions, most notably positions 11 (G or C) and 19 (T) of the siRNA duplex. Finally, in a proof-of-principle pathway-wide cell-based genetic screen, conducted to detect negative genetic regulators of Akt S473 phosphorylation, both known negative regulators of this phosphorylation, PTEN and PDK1, were found. These data help to lay the foundation for genome-wide siRNA screens in mammalian cells.
Application of the energy gap law to nonradiative, excited-state decay (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of the energy gap law to nonradiative, excited-state decayJonathan V. Caspar and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 6, 952–957Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100229a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100229a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5869Altmetric-Citations814LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of siRNA nuclease stability on the in vitro and in vivo kinetics of siRNA‐mediated gene silencing (2006)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules achieve sequence-specific gene silencing through the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. Here, live-cell and live-animal bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is used to directly compare luciferase knockdown by unmodified and nuclease-stabilized siRNAs in rapidly (HeLa) and slowly (CCD-1074Sk) dividing cells to reveal the impact of cell division and siRNA nuclease stability on the kinetics of siRNA-mediated gene silencing. Luciferase knockdown using unmodified siRNAs lasts approximately 1 week in HeLa cells and up to 1 month in CCD-1074Sk cells. There is a slight increase in the duration of luciferase knockdown by nuclease-stabilized siRNAs relative to unmodified siRNAs after cationic lipid transfection, but this difference is not observed after electroporation. In BALB/cJ mice, a fourfold increase in maximum luciferase knockdown is observed after hydrodynamic injection (HDI) of nuclease-stabilized siRNAs relative to unmodified siRNAs, yet the overall kinetics of the recovery after knockdown are nearly identical. By using a mathematical model of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, the trends observed in the experimental data can be duplicated by changing model parameters that affect the stability of the siRNAs before they reach the cytosolic compartment. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the stabilization advantages of nuclease-stabilized siRNAs originate primarily from effects prior to and during internalization before the siRNAs can interact with the intracellular RNAi machinery.
geoXmart - A Marketplace for Geofence-Based Mobile Services (2010)

This paper describes the concept and architecture of geoXmart, a marketplace for proactive context-aware services, which enables users to easily find and subscribe to interesting services and allows providers to specify, export and maintain their services for versatile applications like electronic toll collect, context-aware advertising, or tourist information systems, even without implementing additional infrastructures. A geofence service comprises one or several geographic areas, so called geofences which are associated with actions to be performed, corresponding conditions and related metadata. Our approach defines a formalism of geofence services and their interfaces. Providers can benefit from simple service creation with almost no programming experience and even without the need to provide own infrastructure, because the services are executed mainly on the mobile device and are deployed on the marketplace. From a user's perspective, the concept provides ease of use e.g. finding services in their local surroundings and running serveral services in one single application, which leads to scale effects through combined processing of position and context. Therefore, we developed a concept for a marketplace providing geofence services that can be implemented by everyone, thus helping to increase the overall usage and integration of proactive location-based services in our daily lives.
Molecular N2 chemisorption—specific adsorption on step defect sites on Pt surfaces (1999)

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory, within the generalized gradient approximation, were used to investigate both experimentally and theoretically N2 chemisorption on stepped and smooth Pt surfaces. N2 chemisorption was observed to occur only on the edge atoms of step defect sites in atop configuration by both methods. The calculated vibrational frequency of N2 chemisorbed on Pt(112) step sites (2244 cm−1) is in good agreement with the frequency observed experimentally (2231–2234 cm−1) at saturation coverage on Pt(335) and Pt(779). The predicted small N2 binding energy confirmed its weak chemisorption on Pt surfaces claimed in previous studies. The calculations indicate that N2 decreases and CO increases the work function of the Pt(112) surface. N2 could be coadsorbed with CO below saturation coverage of the steps with CO and there is a charge transfer between the two adspecies through the substrate.
ModelingPichia pastoris growth on methanol and optimizing the production of a recombinant protein, the heavy-chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin, serotype A (2000)

An unstructured growth model for the recombinant methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris Mut(+) expressing the heavy-chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A [BoNT/A(H(c))], was successfully established in quasi-steady state fed-batch fermentations with varying cell densities. The model describes the relationships between specific growth rate and methanol concentration, and the relationships between specific methanol and ammonium consumption rates and specific growth rate under methanol-limited growth conditions. The maximum specific growth rate (mu) determined from the model was 0.08 h(-1) at a methanol concentration of 3.65 g/L, while the actual maximum mu was 0.0709 h(-1). The maximum specific methanol consumption rate was 0.0682 g/g WCW/h. From the model, growth can be defined as either methanol-limited or methanol-inhibited and is delineated at a methanol concentration of 3.65 g/L. Under inhibited conditions, the observed biomass yield (Y(X/MeOH)) was lower and the maintenance coefficient (m(MeOH)) was higher than compared to limited methanol conditions. The Y(X/MeOH) decreased and m(MeOH) increased with increasing methanol concentration under methanol-inhibited conditions. BoNT/A(H(c)) content in cells (alpha) under inhibited growth was lower than that under limited growth, and decreased with increasing methanol concentration. A maximum alpha of 1.72 mg/g WCW was achieved at a mu of 0.0267 h(-1) and induction time of 12 h.
Enterovirus RNA Is Found in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in a Majority of Type 1 Diabetic Children at Onset (2002)

We have studied the occurrence of enterovirus (EV)-RNA at the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes in all 24 new cases of childhood type 1 diabetes during 1 year in Uppsala county, Sweden. We also studied 24 matched control subjects and 20 siblings of the patients. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and EV-RNA detected by RT-PCR. Primers (groups A and B) corresponding to conserved regions in the 5' noncoding region (NCR) of EV were used in the PCRs, and the amplicons were sequenced. By the use of group A primers, EV-RNA was found in 12 (50%) of the 24 type 1 diabetic children, 5 (26%) of 19 siblings, and none of the control subjects. Both patients and siblings showed a higher frequency of EV-RNA compared with the control subjects. The group B primers detected EV-RNA in all three groups but did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. The EV-RNA positivity with the group B primers was 11 (46%) of 24 in the type 1 diabetic children, 11 (58%) of 19 in the siblings, and 7 (29%) of 24 in the control subjects. The significant difference between groups seen with the group A primers but not with the group B primers might indicate the existence of diabetogenic EV strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products revealed clustering of the sequences from patients and siblings into five major branches when the group A PCR primers were used. With the group B primers, the sequences from patients, siblings, and control subjects formed three major branches in the phylogenetic tree, where 6 of the 7 control subjects clustered together in a sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Seven of the type 1 diabetic children clustered together in another sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Five of the type 1 diabetic children formed a branch together with the CBV-4/E2 strain, four clustered together with CBV-5, and one formed a branch with echovirus serotype. The presence of EV-RNA in the blood cells of most newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children supports the hypothesis that a viral infection acts as an exogenous factor. In addition, sequencing of the PCR amplicons from the type 1 diabetic children, their siblings, and matched control subjects might reveal differences related to diabetogenic properties of such a virus.
Seagate Crystal reports 7 for dummies (1999)

From the Publisher:
Businesses all over the world rely on Crystal Reports to turn their data into reports that become critical decision making tools. With this book, you can create reports that tell a clear, compelling story, from simple one-table reports to integrated presentations with all the bells and whistles. Whether you're a beginner or have experience using Crystal Reports, and whatever your database platform, this terrific guide opens up a whole new world of high performance information management 
Inside, find helpful advice on how to: 

Move reports out of your computer and onto your desk in minutes Know what questions to ask before you start researching your report Discover how use to new Crystal Reports 7 features such as report creation to the Web, Geographic Mapping, Highlighting Expert, Running Totals, and more Customize for your audience by creating cross-tab and summary reports Distribute reports through your Web site, as HTML, Excel, or runtime files Make your reports stand out with graphs, pictures, logos, and OLE objects Select, sort, and group report records Save time by inserting ready-to-use formulas into a report or creating your own with the Formula Editor Link databases and use SQL join types
Survival and metabolic activity of the GanedenBC30 strain of Bacillus coagulans in a dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (2009)

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC(30) during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC(30) was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC(30) was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC(30) was added to the milk. When GanedenBC(30) was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC(30) alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC(30) are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC(30) to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC(30) to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.
Stochasticity in Protein Levels Drives Colinearity of Gene Order in Metabolic Operons of Escherichia coli (2009)

In bacterial genomes, gene order is not random. This is most evident when looking at operons, these often encoding enzymes involved in the same metabolic pathway or proteins from the same complex. Is gene order within operons nonrandom, however, and if so why? We examine this issue using metabolic operons as a case study. Using the metabolic network of Escherichia coli, we define the temporal order of reactions. We find a pronounced trend for genes to appear in operons in the same order as they are needed in metabolism (colinearity). This is paradoxical as, at steady state, enzymes abundance should be independent of order within the operon. We consider three extensions of the steady-state model that could potentially account for colinearity: (1) increased productivity associated with higher expression levels of the most 5' genes, (2) a faster metabolic processing immediately after up-regulation, and (3) metabolic stalling owing to stochastic protein loss. We establish the validity of these hypotheses by employing deterministic and stochastic models of enzyme kinetics. The stochastic stalling hypothesis correctly and uniquely predicts that colinearity is more pronounced both for lowly expressed operons and for genes that are not physically adjacent. The alternative models fail to find any support. These results support the view that stochasticity is a pervasive problem to a cell and that gene order evolution can be driven by the selective consequences of fluctuations in protein levels.