gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Potato Yields by Treatment of Seedpieces with Specific Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida (2009)

Significant increases in growth and yield of potato plants were achieved by treating seedpieces with suspensions of two <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. at ∼10<sup>9</sup> colony-forming units (cfu)/ml prior to planting. The pseudomonads were selected from over 100 strains that were isolated from the surface of potato tubers and also exhibited antibiosis against <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> var. <i>carotovora</i> in vitro. The isolates were identified as strains of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>P. putida.</i> These strains survived for at least 1 mo on treated seedpieces planted in loamy sand field soil at populations of ∼10<sup>9</sup> cfu/0.785 cm<sup>2</sup>. Also, they colonized developing potato roots and were the predominant bacteria in the rhizospheres up to 2 mo after planting. Bacterization of seedpieces planted in field soils in the greenhouse resulted in up to 100% increase in fresh weight of shoot and root systems in a 4-wk period. Statistically significant increases in yield ranged from 14 to 33% in five of nine field plots in California and Idaho. The pseudomonads had no effect on plant growth or tuber yield when seedpieces were planted in peat soil, or in soil that was relatively dry. Both <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. were compatible with fungicides that were commonly used to treat seedpieces, except for manganese ethylenebisdithio-carbamate zinc salt (mancozeb). The mechanism by which these bacteria enhance plant growth and tuber yield may be associated with changes in the composition of rhizosphere bacterial flora.
Letter to the Glyco-Forum (1993)

Journal Article Letter to the Glyco-Forum: Core 2 GlcNAc-transferase and polylactosamine expression in O-glycans Get access James W. Dennis James W. Dennis Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue and Department of Medical Genetics, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glycobiology, Volume 3, Issue 2, April 1993, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/3.2.91 Published: 01 April 1993
Redundant control of adenovirus late gene expression by early region 4 (1989)

A series of human adenovirus type 5 derivatives carrying deletion mutations in early region 4 (E4) were constructed and characterized with respect to viral late protein synthesis, viral cytoplasmic late message accumulation, viral DNA accumulation, and plaquing ability. Viral late protein synthesis was essentially normal in cells infected by mutants expected to produce either the E4 open reading frame (ORF) 3 product or the E4 ORF 6 product. In cells infected by mutants lacking both ORF 3 and ORF 6, late protein synthesis was dramatically reduced. The basis for this reduction appears to be a concomitant reduction in cytoplasmic late message levels. Our results suggest that the products of ORFs 3 and 6 are redundant, since they are individually able to satisfy the requirement for E4 in late gene expression. Two of the mutants examined were defective for viral late protein synthesis but showed no measurable defect in viral DNA accumulation. The defect in late gene expression is not, therefore, a reflection of a primary defect in viral DNA synthesis. Finally, mutants expected to express ORF 3 or ORF 6 formed plaques with normal or only modestly reduced efficiency, whereas mutants expected to express neither ORF formed plaques with an efficiency less than 10(-6) that of wild-type virus. Thus, plaque-forming ability reflected late protein synthetic ability, suggesting that among these mutants late protein synthetic proficiency is the principle determinant of plaquing efficiency.
Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009)

The ever-growing demand for hard drives with greater storage density has motivated a technology shift from continuous magnetic media to patterned media hard disks, which are expected to be implemented in future generations of hard disk drives to provide data storage at densities exceeding 1012 bits/in.2. Step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL) technology has been employed to pattern the hard disk substrates. This article discusses the infrastructure required to enable S-FIL in high-volume manufacturing, namely, fabrication of master templates, template replication, high-volume imprinting with precisely controlled residual layers, and dual-sided imprinting. Imprinting of disks is demonstrated with substrate throughput currently as high as 180 disks/h (dual sided). These processes are applied to patterning hard disk substrates with both discrete tracks and bit-patterned designs.
Heterologous Gene Expression in E.coli (2010)

As we move solidly into the 21st century, it is amazing to see that molecular biology and its related disciplines are advancing at an ever-increasing pace. Today, it is commonplace to use bioinformatic techniques to identify a gene encoding a protein of interest and then pay a company to synthesize it, codon optimized, and receive it already inserted into the expression vector of choice. This is all the more incredible when one considers that less than 100 years ago scientists were still trying to identify the substance responsible for inherited traits, a little over 50 years ago the first DNA polymerase was discovered, and only about 40 years ago the first restriction enzyme was purified.
Effect of Farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility (2006)

Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading pathogens causing bloodstream infections able to form biofilms on host tissue and indwelling medical devices and to persist and cause disease. Infections caused by S. aureus are becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing resistance to antibiotics. In a biofilm environment particularly, microbes exhibit enhanced resistance to antimicrobial agents. Recently, farnesol was described as a quorum-sensing molecule with possible antimicrobial properties. In this study, the effect of farnesol on methicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of S. aureus was investigated. With viability assays, biofilm formation assessment, and ethidium bromide uptake testing, farnesol was shown to inhibit biofilm formation and compromise cell membrane integrity. The ability of farnesol to sensitize S. aureus to antimicrobials was assessed by agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. For both strains of staphylococci, farnesol was only able to reverse resistance at a high concentration (150 microM). However, it was very successful at enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of all of the antibiotics to which the strains were somewhat susceptible. Therefore, synergy testing of farnesol and gentamicin was performed with static biofilms exposed to various concentrations of both agents. Plate counts of harvested biofilm cells at 0, 4, and 24 h posttreatment indicated that the combined effect of gentamicin at 2.5 times the MIC and farnesol at 100 microM (22 microg/ml) was able to reduce bacterial populations by more than 2 log units, demonstrating synergy between the two antimicrobial agents. This observed sensitization of resistant strains to antimicrobials and the observed synergistic effect with gentamicin indicate a potential application for farnesol as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the prevention of biofilm-related infections and promotion of drug resistance reversal.
Purification of the cyclooxygenase that forms prostaglandins. Demonstration of two forms of iron in the holoenzyme. (1976)

The fatty acid cyclooxygenase (ec 1.14.99.1) that produces the prostaglandin and thromboxane precursor, 15-hydroperoxy-9 alpha, 11 alpha-peroxidoprosta-5, 13-dienoic acid (PGG2), has been purified from sheep vesicular glands to a specific activity of 46,000 units/mg of protein by combining detergent solubilization, (NH4)SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Flurbiprofen-Sepharose, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation exhibited only one band of 70,000 molecular weight following sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and staining with Coomassie blue. Treatment of the purified oxygenase with [3H] acetylsalicylic acid yielded a radioactive product which co-electrophoresed with the protein of 70,000 molecular weight. Thus, the isolated protein appeared to be the same one which, in crude preparations, selectively binds acetyl groups in association with prostaglandin synthetic activity. Incubation of the purified oxygenase with [1-14C] arachidonic acid in the presence of stannous chloride yielded only 9 alpha, 11 alpha, 15-trihydroxy-prosta-5,13-dienoic acid (PGF2alpha). Without stannous chloride, a mixture of radioactive products was observed which was characteristic of nonenzymic breakdown of PGG2. Thus, the isolated enzyme catalyzed the insertion of both oxygen molecules required for the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. The aerobic absorption spectrum of the isolated oxygenase showed a faint peak at 412 nm indicative of heme. The iron content indicated that a significant amount of nonheme iron was present. The purified oxygenase was activated by added hemin, which was readily bound to the protein. The subsequently isolated heme-protein complex showed a major absorption peak at 407 nm.
Heterologous expression of endo-beta-1,4-D-glucanase from Clostridium cellulovorans in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 following transformation of the engB gene (1994)

Heterologous expression of the Clostridium cellulovorans engB gene by Clostridium acetobutylicum BKW-1 was detected as zones of hydrolysis on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) Trypticase glucose yeast plates stained with Congo red. The extracellular cellulase preparation from C. acetobutylicum BKW-1 has a specific activity towards CMC which is more than fourfold that present in C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using the C. cellulovorans anti-EngB primary antibody demonstrated that an additional 44-kDa protein band was present in the supernatant derived from C. acetobutylicum BKW-1 but was not present in ATCC 824 or ATCC 824(pMTL500E).
Use of NSAIDs in treating patients with arthritis (2013)

Patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, almost universally describe pain and stiffness as important contributors to reduced health-related quality of life. Of the treatment options available, NSAIDs are the most widely used agents for symptomatic treatment. NSAIDs are effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs by virtue of their ability to inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandins at the level of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. However, many of the adverse effects of NSAIDs are also related to inhibition of prostaglandin production, making their use problematic in some patient populations. For the clinician, understanding the biology of prostaglandin as it relates to gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular physiology and the pharmacologic properties of specific NSAIDs is key to using these drugs safely. Of particular importance is the recognition of co-morbid conditions and concomitant drugs that may increase the risk of NSAIDs in particular patients. In patients with risk factors for NSAID toxicity, using the lowest dose of a drug with a short half-life only when it is needed is likely to be the safest treatment option. For those patients whose symptoms cannot be managed with intermittent treatment, using protective strategies is essential.
Characterization of a Novel Human Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Mutant with Increased Cytotoxic Activity (1995)

Various novel recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) mutants were prepared using protein engineering techniques, and their cytotoxic activity was compared with that of the intact form of TNF (intact TNF). Mutant 471 (a TNF mutant molecule with the deletion of 7 amino acids at the amino-terminal and the substitution of Pro8Ser9Asp10 by ArgLysArg) had a 6-fold higher cytotoxic activity against murine L929 cells. The mutant TNF had an increased ability to bind to TNF receptor on murine L929 fibroblasts cells. A cross-linking study revealed that mutant 471 had an increased ability to form an active trimer. Mutant 471 also showed higher cytotoxic activity against human KYM myosarcoma cells and human MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma cells. The possible cachectin activity of the mutant was almost the same as that of intact TNF. These results suggest that mutant 471 might be a more promising candidate as an anticancer agent than intact TNF.
PPARs: Regulators of Metabolism and As Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular disease. Part I: PPAR-α (2017)

This article provides a comprehensive review about the molecular and metabolic actions of PPAR-α. It describes its structural features, ligand specificity, gene transcription mechanisms, functional characteristics and target genes. In addition, recent progress with the use of loss of function and gain of function mouse models in the discovery of diverse biological functions of PPAR-α, particularly in the vascular system and the status of the development of new single, dual, pan and partial PPAR agonists (PPAR modulators) in the clinical management of metabolic diseases are presented. This review also summarizes the clinical outcomes from a large number of clinical trials aimed at evaluating the atheroprotective actions of current clinically used PPAR-α agonists, fibrates and statin-fibrate combination therapy.
Effect of ATP-sensitive K+ channel regulators on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride currents. (1992)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a Cl- channel that is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and by intracellular ATP. Intracellular ATP also regulates a class of K+ channels that have a distinct pharmacology: they are inhibited by sulfonylureas and activated by a novel class of drugs called K+ channel openers. In search of modulators of CFTR Cl- channels, we examined the effect of sulfonylureas and K+ channel openers on CFTR Cl- currents in cells expressing recombinant CFTR. The sulfonylureas, tolbutamide and glibenclamide, inhibited whole-cell CFTR Cl- currents at half-maximal concentrations of approximately 150 and 20 microM, respectively. Inhibition by both agents showed little voltage dependence and developed slowly; > 90% inhibition occurred 3 min after adding 1 mM tolbutamide or 100 microM glibenclamide. The effect of tolbutamide was reversible, while that of glibenclamide was not. In contrast to their activating effect on K+ channels, the K+ channel openers, diazoxide, BRL 38227, and minoxidil sulfate inhibited CFTR Cl- currents. Half-maximal inhibition was observed at approximately 250 microM diazoxide, 50 microM BRL 38227, and 40 microM minoxidil sulfate. The rank order of potency for inhibition of CFTR Cl- currents was: glibenclamide < BRL 38227 approximately equal to minoxidil sulfate > tolbutamide > diazoxide. Site-directed mutations of CFTR in the first membrane-spanning domain and second nucleotide-binding domain did not affect glibenclamide inhibition of CFTR Cl- currents. However, when part of the R domain was deleted, glibenclamide inhibition showed significant voltage dependence. These agents, especially glibenclamide, which was the most potent, may be of value in identifying CFTR Cl- channels. They or related analogues might also prove to be of value in treating diseases such as diarrhea, which may involve increased activity of the CFTR Cl- channel.
Introduction (1997)

In this book we consider problems of output regulation for nonlinear systems modeled by equations of the form 1.1 $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\dot x = f\left( {x,u,w} \right)} \\ {e = h\left( {x,w} \right),} \end{array} $$ with state x ∈ X ⊂ ℝ n control input u ∈ ℝ m regulated output e ∈ ℝ m and exogenous disturbance input w ∈ W ⊂ ℝ r generated by an exosystem 1.2 $$ \dot w = s\left( w \right). $$
Antibodies to TR2 (Herpesvirus Entry Mediator), a New Member of the TNF Receptor Superfamily, Block T Cell Proliferation, Expression of Activation Markers, and Production of Cytokines (1998)

TR2 (TNFR-related 2) is a recently identified member of the TNFR family with homology to TNFRII. We have demonstrated previously that TR2 mRNA is expressed in resting and activated human T cells and that TR2-Ig partially inhibits an allogeneic mixed leukocyte proliferation response. We now characterize TR2 further by the use of specific mAbs. Flow-cytometry analysis using TR2 mAbs confirmed that resting PBL express high levels of cell surface TR2, and that TR2 is widely expressed on all freshly isolated lymphocyte subpopulations. However, stimulation of purified T cells with either PHA or PHA plus PMA resulted in decreased surface expression within 48 h of activation before returning to resting levels at 72 h. TR2 mAbs inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation in response to stimulation by immobilized CD3 or CD3 plus CD28 mAbs. Assay of culture supernatants by ELISA showed inhibition of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 production, which, for IL-2 and TNF-alpha was also confirmed by intracellular cytokine staining. Furthermore, expression of activation markers on CD4+ T cells, including CD25, CD30, CD69, CD71, and OX40 (CD134), was inhibited. TR2 mAbs inhibited proliferation in a three-way MLR, and a response to soluble recall Ag, tetanus toxoid. In conclusion, these results suggest that TR2 is involved in the activation cascade of T cell responses and TR2 mAbs prevent optimal T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and expression of activation markers.
Optimization of human milk fortification for preterm infants: new concepts and recommendations (2010)

Preterm infants fed fortified human milk (HM) in standard (STD) fashion grow slower than preterm formula fed infants. Recently, low protein intake has been proven to be the primary limiting factor responsible for this growth failure. The main reason of protein undernutrition despite fortification is that STD fortification is based on the customary assumptions about the composition of HM. However, the protein concentration of preterm HM is variable and decreases with the duration of lactation. Also, the protein concentration of banked donor milk, which is most often provided by mothers of term infants, is likely to be lower. Hence, most of the HM fed to preterm infants during the fortification period is likely to have an inadequately low protein concentration. This hypothesis has been confirmed very recently by comparing the assumed and actual protein intakes in preterm infants fed fortified HM. Novel fortification models have been devised to deal with the problem of ongoing protein undernutrition. Individualized fortification is the recommended method to optimize HM fortification. There are two models of individualization: "adjustable fortification" and "targeted fortification". Both ways are feasible and effective in improving protein intakes and growth. Adjustable fortification has the advantage of being practical and avoids excessive protein intakes.
A point mutation abolishes the helicase but not the nucleoside triphosphatase activity of hepatitis C virus NS3 protein (1997)

The NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus contains a bipartite structure consisting of an N-terminal serine protease and a C-terminal DEAD box helicase. We show that the C-terminal domain has ATPase and panhelicase activities. The integrity of the helicase function is dependent on the conserved DEAD motif and can be abolished by a His-Ala point mutation, leaving a fully functional nucleoside triphosphatase.
DSP implementation of a single-cycle predictive current controller in a boost PFC rectifier (2005)

Power factor preregulators in high line frequency applications such as avionics power systems call for wide-bandwidth input current shaping to achieve low harmonic distortion. A variable frequency digital predictive control method that can achieve current tracking in just one switching cycle is proposed for a boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier. In this method, the transistor on-time is kept constant and the transistor off-time is predicted for each switching interval. The paper focuses on the practical implementation of the controller using a digital signal processor (DSP). Experimental results show fast current tracking and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 3% at 800 Hz line frequency.
Inhibition of the immunoproteasome ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating immune mediated disease of the central nervous system. The immunoproteasome is a distinct class of proteasomes found predominantly in monocytes and lymphocytes. Recently, we demonstrated a novel function of immunoproteasomes in cytokine production and T cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of an inhibitor of the immunoproteasome (ONX 0914) in two different mouse models of MS. ONX 0914 attenuated disease progression after active and passive induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), both in MOG₃₅-₅₅ and PLP₁₃₉₋₁₅₁-induced EAE. Isolation of lymphocytes from the brain or spinal cord revealed a strong reduction of cytokine-producing CD4(+) cells in ONX 0914 treated mice. Additionally, ONX 0914 treatment prevented disease exacerbation in a relapsing-remitting model. An analysis of draining lymph nodes after induction of EAE revealed that the differentiation to Th17 or Th1 cells was strongly impaired in ONX 0914 treated mice. These results implicate the immunoproteasome in the development of EAE and suggest that immunoproteasome inhibitors are promising drugs for the treatment of MS.
Mechanism of the quenching of the emission of substituted polypyridineruthenium(II) complexes by iron(III), chromium(III), and europium(III) ions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the quenching of the emission of substituted polypyridineruthenium(II) complexes by iron(III), chromium(III), and europium(III) ionsC. T. Lin, W. Boettcher, M. Chou, C. Creutz, and N. SutinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6536–6544Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00437a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4121Altmetric-Citations371LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts