gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD4 + T-Lymphocytes and Interleukin-5 Mediate Antigen-induced Eosinophil Infiltration into the Mouse Trachea (1992)

In order to determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in causing antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the site of airway late-phase reaction, we examined the effect of the in vivo depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells on the eosinophil infiltration of the trachea induced by antigen inhalation in mice. We also studied the effect of anti-murine IL-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration in the trachea. The eosinophil infiltration into the trachea of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice began to increase 9 h after OVA inhalation and persisted for more than 48 h. The in vivo depletion of CD4+ T-cells by pretreatment with anti-L3T4 mAb significantly decreased the eosinophil infiltration induced by OVA inhalation in the trachea of sensitized mice. However, the in vivo depletion of CD8+ T-cells by pretreatment with anti-Lyt-2 mAb had no significant effect on OVA-induced eosinophil infiltration in the trachea. Pretreatment with anti-murine IL-5 mAb also decreased OVA-induced eosinophil infiltration in the trachea. In contrast, neither disodium cromoglycate nor a selective antagonist for platelet-activating factor CV-6209 decreased OVA-induced airway eosinophilia in the mouse. Our results provide direct evidence that CD4+ but not CD8+ T-cells mediate antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment in the airways and that IL-5 mediates this eosinophil recruitment.
Development of a pneumatically driven forceps manipulator IBIS IV (2009)

In the teleoperated minimally invasive surgery systems, measurement and display of sense of force to the operator is a problem. We have proposed a pneumatic surgical manipulator that is capable of estimating external force, without the use of force sensors. However, the force estimation had a sensitivity of only 3[N] because of inertia and friction effect. In this paper, we newly developed an improved model of the surgical manipulator IBIS IV to solve this problem. The base part of the forceps becomes compact and succeeded in reduce the weight. We conducted some experiments including in-vivo experiment and confirmed that the effectiveness and improvement of the manipulator.
Generation of a family of non-isolated DC-DC PWM converters using new three-state switching cells (2002)

This paper introduces a new family of PWM DC-DC nonisolated converters. The new converters are generated using three-state commutation cells, comprising two active switches, two diodes and coupled inductors. The main advantages over the classical converters are low conduction and commutation losses, and low input and output current ripple. Due to these features, the new converters are suitable for low voltage and high current applications. Theoretical analysis and experimentation results are presented.
Localization of Tritiated Thymidine in Articular Cartilage of Rabbits (1963)

Tritiated thymidine was injected into the knee joints of four older but still immature rabbits and four mature rabbits. Autoradiographs were made and exposures over cell nuclei were interpreted as indicating cell division and growth. In the older but still immature animals, evidence of growth was confined to the basal layers of the cartilage adjacent to the layer of calcified cartilage. No exposures were noted in the articular cartilage of the adult animal. On the basis of these data and several histological observations, certain generalizations were made regarding the changes occurring in articular cartilage of rabbits with aging. In addition, amitosis was discussed and it was concluded, on the basis of these studies, that amitosis does not represent a means of cartilage proliferation.
Cardiac and neurological abnormalities in v-fps transgenic mice. (1989)

Transgenic mice that widely express the v-fps protein-tyrosine kinase develop several independent pathological conditions, in addition to a high tumor incidence. v-fps expression and protein-tyrosine kinase activity in the heart were directly correlated with cardiac enlargement. This cardiomegaly was accompanied by severe myocardial and endocardial damage, which was concentrated in the left ventricular wall, and characterized by a progressive atrophy and necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers with concomitant fibrosis. This pathology was associated with congestive heart failure. Mice from five lines developed a marked trembling, correlated with expression of the v-fps transgene in the brain, and two lines showed a striking bilateral enlargement of the trigeminal nerves. Unlike tumor formation, these cardiac and neurological phenotypes were evident shortly after birth and showed 100% penetrance. The pleiotropic effects of the v-fps transgene suggest the involvement of protein-tyrosine kinases in mammalian neural development and cardiac function.
Modelling of Lamb waves for damage detection in metallic structures: Part I. Wave propagation (2003)

Lamb waves are the most widely used acousto-ultrasonic guided waves for damage detection. The method is generally complicated by the coexistence of at least two highly dispersive modes at any given frequency. Furthermore pure Lamb wave modes may generate a variety of other modes by interacting with defects and/or by crossing different boundaries. Knowledge and understanding of Lamb wave propagation is important for reliable damage detection. However, the theoretical analysis of guided wave scattering forms an extremely difficult problem. This paper reports an application of the local interaction simulation approach for wave propagation in metallic structures. The focus of the analysis is on damage detection applications. The study also involves wave propagation in a piezoceramic actuator/sensor diffusion bond model in which one of the piezoceramics generates the thickness mode vibration. The simulated results are validated experimentally. The results show the potential of the method for wave propagation analysis in damage detection applications.
The disposition of the antitumor agent, sangivamycin, in mice. (1974)

Summary In vivo studies have established that sangivamycin was phosphorylated and incorporated into the nucleic acids of mouse tissues. When 3H-labeled sangivamycin was administered to mice by i.p. injection, the major component of drug in liver, heart, brain, and red blood cells was sangivamycin 5′-monophosphate; whereas, in spleen and kindey, the larger proportion of the drug was recovered as unmetabolized sangivamycin. Small amounts of sangivamycin 5′-diphosphate were identified in all tissues, but sangivamycin 5′-triphosphate was detected only in red blood cells. There was incorporation of sangivamycin into RNA and DNA of all tissues except brain, where labeling occurred only in RNA. The half-life of sangivamycin in mouse blood was 50 hr after i.p. injection. Labeled sangivamycin was retained in tissues for at least 12 days, presumably because of its intracellular phosphorylation. The main route of excretion appeared to be the kidneys; 40% of the drug-derived radioactivity was accounted for in the urine over a period of 12 days.
The Platelet Angiogenesis Proteome for Early Detection of Cancer (2006)

We report a novel function of platelets distinct from their hemostatic activity. We show 1 that platelets selectively take up angiogenesis regulatory proteins secreted by human tumors in mice, including VEGF, bFGF, PDGF, PF4, endostatin, angiostatin, and others, depending on tumor type. The platelet accumulation of these proteins significantly exceeds their concentration in platelets from animals not bearing a tumor. Nanomolar quantities of VEGF incorporated into a Matrigel pellet implanted subcutaneously in a mouse, or VEGF secreted by a microscopic subcutaneous tumor (0.5 – 1 mm 3 ), elevate VEGF levels in platelets, but not in plasma. After microscopic (&lt; 1 mm 3 ),non‐angiogenic tumors switch to the angiogenic phenotype and grow to a sufficient tumor mass (~1 cm 3 ), angiogenesis regulatory proteins which previously increased only in platelets, begin to appear in the plasma. The “platelet angiogenesis proteome” provides a stable, sensitive and reliable biomarker for very early diagnosis of cancer, and for determining that tumors have switched to the angiogenic phenotype. If this biomarker can be validated in patients it may be used in conjunction with other biomarkers to diagnose the recurrence of cancer years before such a minute tumor burden would become symptomatic, or could be anatomically located by conventional methods. It could also be used to diagnose a new primary tumor, for example in women with the mutated breast cancer gene who have not yet developed a clinically detectable cancer.
Release of basic fibroblast growth factor-heparan sulfate complexes from endothelial cells by plasminogen activator-mediated proteolytic activity. (1990)

Cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells synthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), which are both secreted into the culture medium and deposited in the cell layer. The nonsoluble HSPGs can be isolated as two predominant species: a larger 800-kD HSPG, which is recovered from preparations of extracellular matrix, and a 250-kD HSPG, which is solubilized by nonionic detergent extraction of the cells. Both HSPG species bind bFGF. 125I-bFGF bound to BCE cell cultures is readily released by either heparinase or plasmin. When released by plasmin, the growth factor is recovered from the incubation medium as a complex with the partly degraded high molecular mass HSPG. Endogenous bFGF activity is released by a proteolytic treatment of cultured BCE cells. The bFGF-binding HSPGs are also released when cultures are incubated with the inactive proenzyme plasminogen. Under such experimental conditions, the release of the extracellular proteoglycans can be enhanced by treating the cells either with bFGF, which increases the plasminogen activating activity expressed by the cells, or decreased by treating the cells with transforming growth factor beta, which decreases the plasminogen activating activity of the cells. Specific immune antibodies raised against bovine urokinase also block the release of HSPG from BCE cell cultures. We propose that this plasminogen activator-mediated proteolysis provides a mechanism for the release of biologically active bFGF-HSPG complexes from the extracellular matrix and that bFGF release can be regulated by the balance between factors affecting the pericellular proteolytic activity.
Constitutive internalization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator occurs via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and is regulated by protein phosphorylation (1997)

Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is primarily implicated in the regulation of plasma-membrane chloride permeability, immunolocalization and functional studies indicate the presence of CFTR in the endosomal compartment. The mechanism of CFTR delivery from the cell surface to endosomes is not understood. To delineate the internalization pathway, both the rate and extent of CFTR accumulation in endosomes were monitored in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis was assessed in cells exposed to hypertonic medium, potassium depletion or intracellular acid-load. These treatments inhibited clathrin-dependent endocytosis by >90%, as verified by measurements of 125I-transferrin uptake. Functional association of CFTR with newly formed endosomes was determined by an endosomal pH dissipation protocol [Lukacs, Chang, Kartner, Rotstein, Riordan and Grinstein (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14568-14572]. As a second approach, endocytosis of CFTR was determined after cell-surface biotinylation with the cleavable sulphosuccinimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithio- propionate. Both the biochemical and the functional assays indicated that arresting the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles inhibited the retrieval of the CFTR from the plasma membrane to endosomes. An overall arrest of membrane traffic cannot account for the inhibition of CFTR internalization, since the fluid-phase endocytosis was not effected by the treatments used. Thus the efficient, constitutive internalization of surface CFTR (5% per min) occurs, predominantly by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Stimulation of protein phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and by protein kinase C decreased the rate of internalization of cell-surface biotinylated CFTR, and contributed to a substantial diminution of the internal CFTR pool compared with that of unstimulated cells. These results suggest that the rate of CFTR internalization may participate in the determination of the CFTR channel density, and consequently, of the cAMP-stimulated chloride conductance of the plasma membrane.
Gene identification in a complex chromosomal continuum by local genomic cross‐referencing (1996)

Most higher plants have complex genomes containing large quantities of repetitive DNA interspersed with low-copy-number sequences. Many of these repetitive DNAs are mobile and have homology to RNAs in various cell types. This can make it difficult to identify the genes in a long chromosomal continuum. It was decided to use genic sequence conservation and grass genome co-linearity as tools for gene identification. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing sorghum genomic DNA was selected using a maize Adh1 probe. The 165 kb sorghum BAC was tested for hybridization to a set of clones representing the contiguous 280 kb of DNA flanking maize Adh1. None of the repetitive maize DNAs hybridized, but most of the low-copy-number sequences did. A low-copy-number sequence that did cross-hybridize was found to be a gene, while one that did not was found to be a low-copy-number retrotransposon that was named Reina. Regions of cross-hybridization were co-linear between the two genomes, but closer together in the smaller sorghum genome. These results indicate that local genomic cross-referencing by hybridization of orthologous clones can be an efficient and rapid technique for gene identification and studies of genome organization.
Asociación entre diagnósticos de enfermería en niños con cardiopatías congénitas (2004)

Una adecuada asistencia de enfermeria a los ninos portadores de cardiopatias congenitas se hace necesaria y debe llevar un proceso de pensamiento sistematico, esencial a la profesion y a la calidad de la asistencia al cliente. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los diagnosticos de enfermeria, los factores relacionados y los problemas colaboradores en ninos con cardiopatias congenitas buscando asociaciones entre los mismos. El estudio fue del tipo transversal realizado a 22 ninos ingresados. Los datos fueron tratados con el programa estadistico Epi Info para Windows 3.2. Aplicamos el test exacto de Fisher para verificar la asociacion estadistica entre diagnosticos de enfermeria, factores relacionados y problemas colaboradores. Identificandose una asociacion fuertemente significativa entre los diagnosticos de enfermeria: Patron respiratorio ineficaz, Desobstruccion ineficaz de las vias aereas e hipertermia, los factores relacionados: Secreciones excesivas, Retencion de secreciones y Tasa metabolica aumentada y la Complicacion potencial: Neumonia, posiblemente caracterizando un sindrome diagnostico. Concluimos que es importante la realizacion de busquedas de identificacion de perfiles de diagnosticos de enfermeria y problemas colaboradores para la determinacion de las necesidades de asistencia de enfermeria a los ninos.
Detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Type 2 Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Enzyme in Clinical Isolates of Citrobacter freundii and K. oxytoca Carrying a Common Plasmid (2008)

The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was detected in carbapenem-resistant isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella oxytoca recovered from different patients in a Michigan hospital. Restriction analysis and hybridization with a KPC-specific probe showed the bla(KPC-2) genes of these two genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae are carried on a common plasmid.
Reduction of syndecan‐1 expression is associated with dysplastic oral epithelium (2000)

Syndecans are a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that participate in cell-matrix interactions and growth factor binding. Syndecan-1 expression is induced during keratinocyte differentiation and reduced in squamous cell carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to examine the alteration in syndecan-1 expression in dysplastic oral epithelium. Sixty-six oral biopsy specimens (43 epithelial dysplasias, 3 carcinoma in situ and 20 squamous cell carcinomas) were studied using immunohistochemical methods. The normal epithelium specimens were highly positive for syndecan-1. Fifteen of 46 dysplasias or carcinoma in situ specimens showed negative or weak staining for syndecan-1, two of which were totally negative. Intermediate and strong staining were observed in 17 and 14 dysplasias or carcinoma in situ specimens, respectively. Thirteen (65%) squamous cell carcinomas showed negative or weak staining for syndecan-1, seven of which were totally negative. Only three carcinomas had a strong syndecan-1 expression. Four of the 34 patients with dysplasia who were followed up developed squamous cell carcinoma. All these dysplasias had weak or totally negative syndecan-1 expression. The results suggest that the loss of syndecan-1 is associated with dysplastic changes in oral epithelium.
In vitro separation of host specific graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia cytotoxic T cell activities. (1992)

The association of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with lower relapse rates following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in humans led us to analyse post HLA-identical BMT derived anti-host cytotoxic T cells (CTL) for their putative anti-leukemic activity. To establish whether graft-versus-host (GVH) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activities are separate, CTL lines were generated at different time points post-BMT from three patients suffering from acute GVHD. These CTL lines, which exhibited lysis of host normal lymphocytes and neoplastic cells, were analysed at the clonal level. Three functionally different types of clones were characterized: clones directed at host specific minor Histocompatibility (mH) antigens which are shared by patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and leukemic cells; clones recognizing only host PBL but not host leukemic cells; and putative GVL clones directed at patient's neoplastic cells only. These data could explain the long controversies on dissection of GVH and GVL activities. Our results demonstrate that GVH and GVL activities can be dissected, while non-separable effector cells which exhibit both activities do exist as well.
Nitazoxanide in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial (2006)

Nitazoxanide may play an important role in managing viral gastroenteritis in adults.
Concepts in antibody phage display (2002)

This paper introduces the reader to antibody phage display and its use in combinatorial biochemistry. The focus is on overviewing phage display formats, library design and selection technology, which are the prerequisites for the successful isolation of specific antibody fragments against a diverse set of target antigens.
Novel integrated light-guide plates for liquid crystal display backlight (2005)

A conventional LCD backlight system is composed of light sources, a light-guide plate (LGP) and optical sheets, such as reflection sheets, diffusion sheets and prism sheets, etc. In order to make the backlight system thinner and brighter, we propose a novel integrated LGP based on micro-prism structures by using traditional transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material, which can be designed to control the illumination angle, and to get high uniformity of intensity. So the backlight system will be simplified to use only one LGP and to require no other optical sheets. By using the Monte Carlo ray tracing method, the light scattering phenomenon inside the LGP is analysed. The illumination angle with forward directivity and sufficient intensity uniformity are optimized with the simulation program. Design results reveal that our LGPs can achieve a uniformity of intensity better than 86%, and get a peak illumination angle from +40? to ?20?, without using any optical sheets. Design examples, including 1.8?inch LGPs and 14.1?inch LGPs, are also performed.
Virally Expressed Interleukin-10 Ameliorates Acute Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Demyelination in Coronavirus-Infected Mice (2011)

The absence of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine results in increased immune-mediated demyelination in mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus (recombinant J2.2-V-1 [rJ2.2]). Here, we examined the therapeutic effects of increased levels of IL-10 at early times after infection by engineering a recombinant J2.2 virus to produce IL-10. We demonstrate that viral expression of IL-10, which occurs during the peak of virus replication and at the site of disease, enhanced survival and diminished morbidity in rJ2.2-infected wild-type B6 and IL-10(-/-) mice. The protective effects of increased IL-10 levels were associated with reductions in microglial activation, inflammatory cell infiltration into the brain, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Additionally, IL-10 increased both the frequency and number of Foxp3(+) regulatory CD4 T cells in the infected central nervous system. Most strikingly, the ameliorating effects of IL-10 produced during the first 5 days after infection were long acting, resulting in decreased demyelination during the resolution phase of the infection. Collectively, these results suggest that the pathogenic processes that result in demyelination are initiated early during infection and that they can be diminished by exogenous IL-10 delivered soon after disease onset. IL-10 functions by dampening the innate or very early T cell immune response. Further, they suggest that early treatment with IL-10 may be useful adjunct therapy in some types of viral encephalitis.
Angiogenesis inhibitors overcome tumor induced endothelial cell anergy (1999)

We report here that tumor angiogenesis-mediated endothelial cell (EC) anergy can be overcome by inhibitors of angiogenesis. We found previously that tumor growth, known to be dependent on angiogenesis, results in down-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules and tumor EC anergy to inflammatory signals. We hypothesized that counteracting angiogenesis induces re-expression of adhesion molecules and normalizes responses to inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present data to show that the angiogenesis inhibitor platelet factor-4 (PF4) is able to prevent basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced down-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, PF4 restores ICAM-1 expression following bFGF-induced down-regulation of ICAM-1. This PF4 effect occurs at the protein level and the RNA level and it has functional impact on leukocyte adhesion. In addition, PF4 overcomes the tumor-induced EC anergy to inflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Our findings may be the basis of new cancer therapies by combining anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy to decrease blood vessel formation and to increase the effectiveness of inflammatory reactions against tumors.