gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Self-Monitoring: Successes and Struggles During Treatment for Weight Loss (2009)

We interviewed 15 individuals who completed a behavioral weight loss treatment study with the aim of exploring participants' reflections on their feelings, attitudes, and behaviors while using a paper diary to self-monitor their diet. Constant comparative and matrix analysis procedures were used to analyze interview data; the qualitative results were then interfaced with descriptive numerical data on individuals' adherence to self-monitoring and weight loss. Three categories of self-monitoring experience were identified: (a) well-disciplined-those who had high adherence to self-monitoring, high weight loss, and a "can do" positive approach, (b) missing the connection-those who had moderate adherence, moderate- to low weight loss, and an "it's an assignment" approach, without integrating self-monitoring into everyday life, and (c) diminished support-those who had poor adherence, poor weight control, and were adversely affected by coexisting negative factors. Given the variations in how individuals integrated the process of self-monitoring, we need to consider individualizing self-monitoring strategies to improve adherence.
The Development of Contemporary Clinical Sociology (1990)

While clinical sociologists have been part of American sociology for well over fifty years, it has been only the last decade that the field of clinical sociology has become formalized and has gained acceptance as having a legitimate role in contemporary sociology. The history and development of this renewed interest in clinical sociology parallels the history and development of the Clinical Sociology Association (cur-rently called the Sociological Practice Association). This paper gives an overview of the movement, differentiates current uses of the terms &amp;quot;clinical sociology, &amp;quot; &amp;quot;applied sociology, &amp;quot; and &amp;quot;sociological practice, &amp;quot; and discusses directions for the next decade. The history and development of contemporary clinical sociology parallels the history and development of the Clinical Sociology Association, currently called the Sociological Practice Association: A Professional Organization of Clinical and Applied Sociologists (SPA). The contemporary clinical sociology movement generally is dated from the organizational meeting of the Clinical Sociology Association (CSA) in 1978 during the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in San Francisco. John Glass is credited with being the founder of this movement; and, during the organizational meeting, he was elected coordinator of the newly formed network. Glass had been working in clinical settings for some time and had discussed the need for a clinical sociology in both a 1970 article entitled &amp;quot;Toward a
Aging and Degeneration of the Human Intervertebral Disc (1995)

Human intervertebral discs undergo age-related degenerative changes that contribute to some of the most common causes of impairment and disability for middle aged and older persons: spine stiffness, neck pain, and back pain. Potential causes of the age-related degeneration of intervertebral discs include declining nutrition, loss of viable cells, cell senescence, post-translational modification of matrix proteins, accumulation of degraded matrix molecules, and fatigue failure of the matrix. The most important of these mechanisms appears to be decreasing nutrition of the central disc that allows accumulation of cell waste products and degraded matrix molecules, impairs cell nutrition, and causes a fall in pH levels that further compromises cell function and may cause cell death. Although aging changes of the disc appear to be inevitable, identification of activities and agents that accelerate these changes may help decrease the rate and severity of disc degeneration; and recent work suggests that methods can be developed that will regenerate disc tissue.
Hydrolysis‐induced racemization of amino acids (2005)

Acid hydrolysis—induced racemization compromises accurate determination of enantiomeric amino acid compositions. In the present study, the extent of amino acid racemization during a vapor (6 M HCl, 32.5 min, 150±C) and liquid‐phase hydrolysis (6 M HCl, 20 h, 110±C) was assessed, and the influence on the accuracy of enantiomer measurements was investigated. The extent of hydrolysis‐induced racemization was controlled by the molecular structure of the amino acid polymer and hydrolysis conditions. Vapor‐phase hydrolysis showed significantly higher racemization compared to liquid‐phase hydrolysis. Without correction, hydrolysis‐induced racemization resulted in overestimation of D‐enantiomers and could lead to erroneous conclusions about the occurrence of D‐enantiomers in natural samples. The range of racemization was determined with proteins and free amino acids, and an averaged racemization value is proposed to account for enantiomer exchange during hydrolysis. In addition, a microwave‐assisted vapor‐phase hydrolysis is described that allows preparation of 40 samples in about 3 h with very low blanks.
Inherited polymorphisms in the RNA-mediated interference machinery affect microRNA expression and lung cancer survival (2010)

inherited variation in the miR-processing machinery can affect miR expression levels and lung cancer-specific survival.
Gerard Salton publications (1997)

article Free Access Share on Gerard Salton publications Author: Gerard Salton Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 31Issue 1Spring 1997 pp 43–56https://doi.org/10.1145/263868.263874Published:01 April 1997Publication History 0citation667DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads667Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Velocity profiles in the rat cerebral microvessels measured by optical coherence tomography. (2006)

In order to analyze cerebral hemodynamics and its change following neural activation, the cross-sectional profiles of blood flow velocity in the rat pial microvessels and their temporal changes were measured in vivo using Doppler OCT technique (Doppler optical coherence tomography). The OCT system used in this study has axial resolution of 11 microm and lateral resolution about 14 microm in the cortical tissue. The velocity distributions along the vertical diameter of pial microvessels in a cranial window of the rats were measured at short time intervals by scanning the OCT sampling point repeatedly. The velocity profiles obtained in the pial arterioles were parabolic at any phase, although the centerline velocity pulsated following heart beats with amplitude as large as 50% of the temporal mean velocity. It indicates that the blood flow in the pial microvessels is a quasi-steady laminar flow, which is consistent with the flow expected for the case of a small Reynolds number and a small frequency parameter. The stimulus-induced increase in velocity pulsation was much larger than the increase in the mean velocity, which places a restriction on the mechanism of regulating the regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume. The results obtained in this study showed that the Doppler OCT has a potential of measuring velocity profiles and their temporal changes with both high temporal and spatial resolutions for the pial microvessels with diameter up to 200 microm.
A sampling-based estimator for top-k selection query (2003)

Top-k queries arise naturally in many database applications that require searching for records whose attribute values are close to those specified in a query. We study the problem of processing a top-k query by translating it into an approximate range query that can be efficiently processed by traditional relational DBMSs. We propose a sampling-based approach, along with various query mapping strategies, to determine a range query that yields high recall with low access cost. Our experiments on real-world datasets show that, given the same memory budgets, our sampling-based estimator outperforms a previous histogram-based method in terms of access cost, while achieving the same level of recall. Furthermore, unlike the histogram-based approach, our sampling-based query mapping scheme scales well for high dimensional data and is easy to implement with low maintenance cost.
Penetration enhancer accelerated solubilization of curcumin by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (2019)

Department of Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore-641 112, Tamilnadu, India E-mail: k_elango@cb.amrita.edu Fax: 91-422-2656274 Department of Chemistry, PSG Institute of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail:</em> susithra.selvam@yahoo.com Fax: 91-422- 2592277 <em>Manuscript received online 28 August 2018, accepted 09 October 2018</em> Curcumin (CUR), a well-known Indian cooking ingredient is now an established pharmaceutical agent. The medicinal qualities of CUR vary from being a simple anti-inflammatory agent to anti-cancer and anti-HIV agent. Recently, CUR is also tried as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer. For the effective administration of a PS molecule, transdermal route of drug administration has profound advantage and to have a better penetration of the drug molecule, it is possible to use a penetration enhancer. CUR is fluorescent in nature and owing to its hydrophobicity, dissolution studies with various drug delivery systems are carried out using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The solubilization of CUR is achieved by using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the drug delivery media. To accelerate the solubilization and transdermal penetration, myristic acid (MA), a fatty acid is used as a penetration enhancer. The pre-formulation studies of ternary system of CUR-PVP-MA show that it is a feasible system.
A novel strategy for the expression of foreign genes from plant virus vectors (2001)

Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector constructs were generated to investigate the use of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence to direct translation of a viral gene. The 148-nucleotide IREScp sequence from a crucifer-infecting strain of tobacco mosaic virus was used to direct expression of the PVX coat protein (CP). The IRES was inserted downstream of the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and upstream of the PVX CP, in either sense or antisense orientation, such that CP expression depended on ribosome recruitment to the IRES. Stem-loop structures were inserted at either the 3'- or 5'-end of the IRES sequence to investigate its mode of action. In vitro RNA transcripts were inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana plants and protoplasts: levels of GFP and CP expression were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the rate of virus cell-to-cell movement was determined by confocal laser scanning microscope imaging of GFP expression. PVX CP was expressed, allowing cell-to-cell movement of virus, from constructs containing the IRES sequence in either orientation, and from the construct containing a stem-loop structure at the 5'-end of the IRES sequence. No CP was expressed from a construct containing a stem-loop at the 3'-end of the IRES sequence. Our results suggest that the IRES sequence is acting in vivo to direct expression of the 3'-proximal open reading frame in a bicistronic mRNA thereby demonstrating the potential of employing IRES sequences for the expression of foreign proteins from plant virus-based vectors.
Improperly Terminated, Unpolyadenylated mRNA of Sense Transgenes Is Targeted by RDR6-Mediated RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis (2007)

RNA silencing can be induced by highly transcribed transgenes through a pathway dependent on RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 (RDR6) and may function as a genome protection mechanism against excessively expressed genes. Whether all transcripts or just aberrant transcripts activate this protection mechanism is unclear. Consistent RNA silencing induced by a transgene with three direct repeats of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) open reading frame (ORF) is associated with high levels of truncated, unpolyadenylated transcripts, probably from abortive transcription elongation. Truncated, unpolyadenylated transcripts from triple GUS ORF repeats were degraded in the wild type but accumulated in an rdr6 mutant, suggesting targeting for degradation by RDR6-mediated RNA silencing. A GUS transgene without a 3' transcription terminator produced unpolyadenylated readthrough mRNA and consistent RDR6-dependent RNA silencing. Both GUS triple repeats and terminator-less GUS transgenes silenced an expressed GUS transgene in trans in the wild type but not in the rdr6 mutant. Placing two 3' terminators in the GUS transgene 3' reduced mRNA 3' readthrough, decreased GUS-specific small interfering RNA accumulation, and enhanced GUS gene expression. Moreover, RDR6 was localized in the nucleus. We propose that improperly terminated, unpolyadenylated mRNA from transgene transcription is subject to RDR6-mediated RNA silencing, probably by acting as templates for the RNA polymerase, in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Quantitating Effector and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Immune Responses by Limiting Dilution Analysis Modeling (2005)

Although there is currently no doubt that regulatory lymphocytes represent a master player in the immune system, a major unresolved problem is the accurate quantitation of these cells among unfractionated cell populations. This difficulty mainly arises because there are no specific immunophenotypic markers that can reliably discriminate between effector and regulatory lymphocytes. To face this problem, we have developed computational models of limiting dilution analyses addressing the question of the accurate estimation of the frequencies of effector and regulatory cells functionally engaged in an immune response. A set of generic equations were provided to form a framework for modeling limiting dilution data, enabling discrimination between qualitatively different models of suppression. These models include either one or two subpopulations of regulatory cells, featured by either low or potent regulatory activity. The potential of this modeling approach was illustrated by the accurate determination of the frequencies of effector and regulatory T lymphocytes in one real limiting dilution experiment of CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes performed in the context of an allogeneic response in the human system. The crucial advantage of the limiting dilution method over the "static, phenotype-based" method is the dynamic evaluation of effector and regulatory T cell biology through their actual functional activity.
Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology (Volume IV) (2006)

Contributors To Volume 12...v
Contents Of Other Volumes...vii

1. Pharmaceutical Packaging...1
2. Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics...29]
3. Pharmacopeial Standards: European Pharmacopeia...53
4. Pharmacopeial Standards: Japanese Pharmacopeia...73
5. Pharmacopeial Standards: United States Pharmacopeia...81
6. Photodecomposition Of Drug...105
7. Physiological Factors Affecting Drug Delivery And Avaibility...137
8. Pilot Plant Design...171
9. Pilot Plant Operation...187
10.Plant Products As Drugs...209
11.Polarography And Voltammetry...237
12.Polymers: Medicinal And Pharmaceutical...265
13.Polymorphism: Pharmaceutical Aspects...305
14.Post-Marketing Surveillance...327
15.Potentiometry...347
16.Powders As Dosage Forms...389
17.Preformulation Studies On Drugs...421
18.Prescribing Of Drugs...443

Index To Volume 12...465
A neural-genetic algorithm for feature selection and breast abnormality classification in digital mammography (2005)

Digital mammography is one of the most suitable methods for early detection of breast cancer. In uses digital mammograms to find suspicious areas. However, it is very difficult to distinguish benign and malignant cases, especially for the small size lesions in the early stage of cancer. This is reflected in the high percentage of unnecessary biopsies that are performed and many deaths caused by late detection or misdiagnosis. A computer based feature selection and classification system can provide a second opinion to the radiologists. This work proposes a neural-genetic algorithm for feature selection in conjunction with neural network based classifier. It also combined the computer-extracted statistical features from the mammogram with the human-extracted features for classifying different types of small breast abnormalities. It obtained 90.5% accuracy rate for calcification cases and 87.2% for mass cases with difference feature subsets. The obtained results show that different types of breast abnormality should use different features for classification.
Full-Length Influenza Hemagglutinin HA2 Refolds into the Trimeric Low-pH-Induced Conformation (2004)

The influenza virus uses hemagglutinin (HA) to fuse the viral and cellular membranes. As part of an effort to study the membrane-interacting elements of HA, the fusion peptide, and the C-terminal transmembrane anchor, we have expressed in Escherichia coli the full-length HA2 chain with maltose-binding protein fused at its N-terminus. The chimeric protein can be refolded in vitro in the presence of specific detergents to yield stable, homogeneous trimers, as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. The trimers have the so-called “low pH” conformationthe rearranged HA2 conformation obtained when intact HA1/HA2 is induced to refold by exposure to low pHas detected by electron microscopy and monoclonalantibody reactivity. These results provide further evidence for the notion that the neutral-pH structure of intact HA is metastable and that binding of protons lowers the kinetic barriers that prevent rearrangement to the minimum-free-energy conformation. The refolded chimeric protein described here is a suitable species for undertaking studies of how the fusion peptide inserts into membranes and assessing the nature of possible intermediates in the fusion process.
Diagnosing Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in broiler flocks by an immunoglobulin G anti-alpha-toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2003)

The tools available for monitoring necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens have been limited, particularly for identifying subclinical disease. In this study, a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify levels of specific immunoglobulin G to C. perfringens alpha-toxin in serum from broilers. We found significantly higher antibody levels in broilers with a history of subclinical necrotic enteritis compared with a zinc-bacitracin-treated group with a low level of gut lesions. Furthermore, in 4.5-week-old commercial broiler flocks, there was an association between the occurrence of C. perfringens-associated hepatitis at slaughter and the immune response to alpha-toxin. Practical solutions for defining cut-off levels for positive serum samples at individual and flock levels are proposed, and were found to be useful on a set of samples available from flocks with different histories regarding the occurrence of C. perfringens-associated disease. This serological approach seems promising as a diagnostic tool in research and disease monitoring regarding C. perfringens-associated disease.
Dialogos: a robust system for human-machine spoken dialogue on the telephone (2002)

This paper presents Dialogos, a real-time system for human-machine spoken dialogue on the telephone in task-oriented domains. The system has been tested in a large trial with inexperienced users and it has proved robust enough to allow spontaneous interactions both to users which get good recognition performance and to the ones which get lower scores. The robust behavior of the system has been achieved by combining the use of specific language models during the recognition phase of analysis, the tolerance toward spontaneous speech phenomena, the activity of a robust parser, and the use of pragmatic-based dialogue knowledge. This integration of the different modules allows to deal with partial or total breakdowns of the different levels of analysis. We report the field trial data of the system and the evaluation results of the overall system and of the submodules.
Molecular Evolution Allows Bypass of the Requirement for Activation Loop Phosphorylation of the Cdc28 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (1998)

Many protein kinases are regulated by phosphorylation in the activation loop, which is required for enzymatic activity. Glutamic acid can substitute for phosphothreonine in some proteins activated by phosphorylation, but this substitution (T169E) at the site of activation loop phosphorylation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) Cdc28p blocks biological function and protein kinase activity. Using cycles of error-prone DNA amplification followed by selection for successively higher levels of function, we identified mutant versions of Cdc28p-T169E with high biological activity. The enzymatic and biological activity of the mutant Cdc28p was essentially normally regulated by cyclin, and the mutants supported normal cell cycle progression and regulation. Therefore, it is not a requirement for control of the yeast cell cycle that Cdc28p be cyclically phosphorylated and dephosphorylated. These CDC28 mutants allow viability in the absence of Cak1p, the essential kinase that phosphorylates Cdc28p-T169, demonstrating that T169 phosphorylation is the only essential function of Cak1p. Some growth defects remain in suppressed cak1 cdc28 strains carrying the mutant CDC28 genes, consistent with additional nonessential roles for CAK1.
Vision-Guided Grasping of a Strut for Truss Structure Assembly (2005)

Monocular information from a gripper-mounted camera is used to sew0 a robot gripper to grasp a strut. The procedure is divided into four phases: learn, recognition, alignment, and approach. In the learn phase, a strut is placed in the gripper and the pose estimate from the camera is used as a servo target. The recognition phase verifies the presence of a cylinder in the camera field of view. The alignment phase processes only selected scan regions in the image. Relative motion information a5 then used to generate an extrapolated posebased trajectory to guide the gripper to a certain dastance from the strut. The approach phase uses the last pose estimate and “blindly” moves to grasp the strut. By using a sample feducial stripe on the strut, rapid and robust vision-guided grasping can be achieved.
A subunit common to an IgG Fc receptor and the T-cell receptor mediates assembly through different interactions. (1991)

The zeta subunit is a component of the Fc gamma receptor of natural killer cells (Fc gamma RIII or CD16), as well as the multimeric T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, and is required for assembly of both native receptors. The role of the zeta subunit in human Fc gamma RIIIA assembly differs from its role in T-cell receptor/CD3 complex assembly. The transmembrane domain of the Fc gamma RIIIA alpha subunit forms noncovalent interactions with the comparable domain of the zeta subunit and is sufficient for surface expression of the Fc gamma RIIIA complex. In the absence of these interactions, sequences in the transmembrane domain of the Fc gamma RIIIA alpha subunit signal its degradation. Leu-46, present in the transmembrane domain of the human zeta subunit, is important for assembly with the Fc gamma RIIIA alpha subunit. Substitution of this leucine with an isoleucine, as found in the mouse zeta subunit, significantly reduces this interaction. In contrast, the mouse and human zeta subunits interact with the pentameric T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, resulting in surface expression of this receptor.