gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency UV and blue emitting devices prepared by MOVPE and low-energy electron-beam irradiation treatment (1991)

The room teffiperature stiniulated emission near ultraviolet from ntype GaN film which was grown by MOVPE on a sapphire substrate is observed for the first time. The low energy electron beam irradiation treatment lowers the resistivity of Mgdoped GaN which tends to show p-type conduction and simultaneously enhances blue luminescence efficiency drastically. The pn junction LED shows strong both nearbandedge UV ends sion from nlayer and blue emission from player.
Regulation of expression of CD27, a T cell-specific member of a novel family of membrane receptors (1991)

CD27 belongs to a newly defined family of transmembrane R, including the nerve growth factor R, two distinct TNF R and CD40. The function of CD27 is unknown, but on the basis of structural and functional properties, we postulate that it plays a role in the events subsequent to T cell activation, possibly as a cytokine R. We have analyzed the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CD27 protein expression. Membrane expression of CD27 strongly increases after T cell activation via the TCR/CD3 complex or the CD2 molecule. In contrast, direct stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters markedly down-regulates CD27 surface expression. This down-regulation most likely does not result from CD27 phosphorylation, because both anti-CD3 mAb and PMA induce hyperphosphorylation of CD27 on serine residues. Rather, membrane expression seems to be regulated primarily at the RNA level. Stimulation of T cells with anti-CD3 mAb strongly increases steady state CD27 mRNA levels, whereas PMA treatment greatly reduces these transcript levels. Dissection of the TCR/CD3-induced signaling pathways showed that cytoplasmic cAMP as well as Ca2+ concentrations contribute to the increase of CD27 expression. These data indicate that upon Ag-specific T cell stimulation, membrane expression of CD27 is regulated at the RNA level through the joint action of distinct TCR/CD3-associated signaling pathways.
Proposal for classifying the acute emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy. (1997)

PURPOSE To propose a classification of the acute emetogenicity of antineoplastic chemotherapy agents, and to develop an algorithm to define the emetogenicity of combination chemotherapy regimens. METHODS A Medline search was conducted to identify (1) clinical trials that used chemotherapy as single-agent therapy, and (2) major reviews of antiemetic therapy. The search was limited to patients who received commonly used doses of chemotherapy agents, primarily by short (&lt; 3 hours) intravenous infusions. Based on review of this information and our collective clinical experience, we assigned chemotherapy agents to one of five emetogenic levels by consensus. A preliminary algorithm to determine the emetogenicity of combination chemotherapy regimens was then designed by consensus. A final algorithm was developed after we analyzed a data base composed of patients treated on the placebo arms of four randomized antiemetic trials. RESULTS Chemotherapy agents were divided into five levels: level 1 (&lt; 10% of patients experience acute [&lt; or = 24 hours after chemotherapy] emesis without antiemetic prophylaxis); level 2 (10% to 30%); level 3 (30% to 60%); level 4 (60% to 90%); and level 5 (&gt; 90%). For combinations, the emetogenic level was determined by identifying the most emetogenic agent in the combination and then assessing the relative contribution of the other agents. The following rules apply: (1) level 1 agents do not contribute to the emetogenic level of a combination; (2) adding &gt; or = one level 2 agent increases the emetogenicity of the combination by one level greater than the most emetogenic agent in the combination; and (3) adding level 3 or 4 agents increases the emetogenicity of the combination by one level per agent. CONCLUSION The proposed classification schema provides a practical means to determine the emetogenic potential of individual chemotherapy agents and combination regimens during the 24 hours after administration. This system can serve as a framework for the development of antiemetic guidelines.
The Phylogeny of the Genus Clostridium: Proposal of Five New Genera and Eleven New Species Combinations (1994)

The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 34 named and unnamed clostridial strains were determined by PCR direct sequencing and were compared with more than 80 previously determined clostridial sequences and the previously published sequences of representative species of other low- G + C-content gram-positive genera, thereby providing an almost complete picture of the genealogical interrelationships of the clostridia. The results of our phylogenetic analysis corroborate and extend previous findings in showing that the genus Clostridium is extremely heterogeneous, with many species phylogenetically intermixed with other spore-forming and non-spore-forming genera. The genus Clostridium is clearly in need of major revision, and the rRNA structures defined in this and previous studies may provide a sound basis for future taxonomic restructuring. The problems and different possibilities for restructuring are discussed in light of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, and a possible hierarchical structure for the clostridia and their close relatives is presented. On the basis of phenotypic criteria and the results of phylogenetic analyses the following five new genera and 11 new combinations are proposed: Caloramator gen. nov., with Caloramator fervidus comb. nov.; Filifactor gen. nov., with Filifactor villosus comb. nov.; Moorella gen. nov., with Moorella thermoacetica comb. nov. and Moorella thermoautotrophica comb. nov.; Oxobacter gen. nov., with Oxobacter pfennigii comb. nov.; Oxalophagus gen. nov., with Oxalophagus oxalicus comb. nov.; Eubacterium barkeri comb. nov.; Paenibacillus durum comb. nov.; Thermoanaerobacter kivui comb. nov.; Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae comb. nov.; and Thermoanerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum comb. nov.
Interaction between High-Level and Low-Level Image Analysis for Semantic Video Object Extraction (2004)

The task of extracting a semantic video object is split into two subproblems, namely, object segmentation and region segmentation. Object segmentation relies on a priori assumptions, whereas region segmentation is data-driven and can be solved in an automatic manner. These two subproblems are not mutually independent, and they can benefit from interactions with each other. In this paper, a framework for such interaction is formulated. This representation scheme based on region segmentation and semantic segmentation is compatible with the view that image analysis and scene understanding problems can be decomposed into low-level and high-level tasks. Low-level tasks pertain to region-oriented processing, whereas the high-level tasks are closely related to object-level processing. This approach emulates the human visual system: what one "sees" in a scene depends on the scene itself (region segmentation) as well as on the cognitive task (semantic segmentation) at hand. The higher-level segmentation results in a partition corresponding to semantic video objects. Semantic video objects do not usually have invariant physical properties and the definition depends on the application. Hence, the definition incorporates complex domain-specific knowledge and is not easy to generalize. For the specific implementation used in this paper, motion is used as a clue to semantic information. In this framework, an automatic algorithm is presented for computing the semantic partition based on color change detection. The change detection strategy is designed to be immune to the sensor noise and local illumination variations. The lower-level segmentation identifies the partition corresponding to perceptually uniform regions. These regions are derived by clustering in an -dimensional feature space, composed of static as well as dynamic image attributes. We propose an interaction mechanism between the semantic and the region partitions which allows to cope with multiple simultaneous objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts semantic video objects with high spatial accuracy and temporal coherence.
Toll-Like Receptors 3 and 4 Are Expressed by Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Can Inhibit Their T-Cell Modulatory Activity by Impairing Notch Signaling (2007)

Bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, nonhemopoietic progenitors that also possess regulatory activity on immune effector cells through different mechanisms. We demonstrate that human BM-derived MSCs expressed high levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 4, which are both functional, as shown by the ability of their ligands to induce nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, as well as the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and CXCL10. Of note, ligation of TLR3 and TLR4 on MSCs also inhibited the ability of these cells to suppress the proliferation of T cells, without influencing their immunophenotype or differentiation potential. The TLR triggering effects appeared to be related to the impairment of MSC signaling to Notch receptors in T cells. Indeed, MSCs expressed the Notch ligand Jagged-1, and TLR3 or TLR4 ligation resulted in its strong downregulation. Moreover, anti-Jagged-1 neutralizing antibody and N[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), an inhibitor of Notch signaling, hampered the suppressive activity of MSCs on T-cell proliferation. These data suggest that TLR3 and TLR4 expression on MSCs may provide an effective mechanism to block the immunosuppressive activity of MSCs and therefore to restore an efficient T-cell response in the course of dangerous infections, such as those sustained by double-stranded RNA viruses or Gram-negative bacteria, respectively.
L-Arabinose 1-dehydrogenase: A novel enzyme involving in bacterial L-arabinose metabolism (2005)

Azospirillum brasiliense converts L-arabinose to alpha-ketoglutarate via five hypothetical enzymatic steps. We purified and characterized L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.46) catalyzing conversion of L-arabinose to L-arabino-gamma-lactone as an enzyme involved in the first step of this L-arabinose metabolic pathway. The purified enzyme was preferred NADP+ to NAD+ as a coenzyme. Kinetic analysis revealed that the enzyme had a high catalytic efficiency for both L-arabinose and D-galactose and that the L-arabinose-specific configuration at C3 and C4 is important for a preference of the substrate sugar. The N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences had some similarity to glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase and D-galactose 1-dehydrogenases.
IL-13 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Have Critical but Distinct Roles in Epithelial Cell Mucin Production (2006)

Overproduction of mucus is a central feature of asthma. The cytokine, IL-13, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transcription factor, FOXA2, have each been implicated in mucus production, but the mechanistic relationships between these molecules are not yet well understood. To address this, we established a primary normal human bronchial epithelial cell culture system with IL-13-induced mucus production and gene transcript expression changes similar to those seen in vivo in mice. IL-13 did not stimulate release of the EGFR ligand, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha. However, there was constitutive release of TGF-alpha from normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and inhibition of TGF-alpha or EGFR reduced both constitutive and IL-13-induced mucin production. Microarray analysis revealed that IL-13 and the EGFR pathway appear to have almost completely independent effects on transcript expression. IL-13 induced a relatively small set of transcripts, including several novel transcripts that might play a role in pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. In contrast, EGFR activity had extensive effects, including altered expression of many transcripts associated with cell metabolism, survival, transcription, and differentiation. One of the few common effects of IL-13 and EGFR signaling was decreased expression of FOXA2, which is known to prevent mucus production. We conclude that the IL-13 and EGFR pathways make critical but quite distinct contributions to gene regulation in airway epithelial cells, and that both pathways affect expression of the key transcription factor, FOXA2, a known regulator of mucus production.
Serum Bioactive and Immunoreactive Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels and the Response to Clomiphene in Healthy Young and Elderly Men* (1987)

Testicular function declines with normal aging, while serum immunoreactive LH and FSH levels increase. Since there are reports of an age-related decrease in the ratio of bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B/I ratio) for LH, we used a newly available bioassay for FSH to assess age-associated changes in the bioactivity and B/I ratio of FSH in man. Thirty-nine healthy men (23 young and 16 elderly) had single blood samples drawn. In addition, a subset of these men (12 young and 13 elderly) underwent frequent blood sampling for 24 h, both before and after 7 days of clomiphene citrate (CC) administration. Hourly blood samples from the 24-h sampling were pooled, and these, along with the single samples, were assayed for FSH by an in vitro bioassay system, using estrogen production by immature rat granulosa cells as the end point, and by RIA. Baseline single sample mean FSH, as measured by bioassay, was similar in young and elderly men [386 +/- 98 (+/- SEM) and 342 +/- 77 ng/mL, respectively]. Baseline mean FSH, measured by RIA, was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in elderly men (234 +/- 31 ng/mL) than in young men (122 +/- 12 ng/mL). The baseline FSH B/I ratio based on single sampling was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in elderly men (1.4 +/- 0.2) than in young men (2.7 +/- 0.3). In the men given CC and sampled for 24 h, mean bioactive FSH levels increased significantly in both the young (1180 +/- 282 ng/mL) and the elderly (992 +/- 227 ng/mL; P less than 0.01 for both values compared to baseline). Mean FSH by RIA also increased to similar levels in these young (217 +/- 34 ng/mL) and elderly (258 +/- 45 ng/mL) men. The FSH B/I ratio was 4.8 +/- 0.8 in young and 4.7 +/- 1.1 in elderly men after CC administration. We conclude that serum bioactive FSH levels are similar in elderly and young men, suggesting that the age-related decline in testicular function in man cannot be explained by a chronic deficiency in FSH stimulation; elderly men have a lower serum FSH B/I ratio than young men, which may reflect changes in the circulating form of FSH with aging; and administration of CC to young and elderly men increases both bioactive and immunoreactive serum FSH, implying preserved hypothalamic-pituitary responsiveness in the elderly.
Integrative Nuclear Signaling in Cell Development—A Role for FGF Receptor-1 (2007)

Ontogeny requires the coordinated regulation of multigene programs by a plethora of extracellular and intracellular signals, thereby allowing cells to transition between different states, including proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of this regulation can result in oncogenic transformation in which cells are "arrested" in the proliferative state. This article summarizes our current understanding of a novel "Integrative Nuclear Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) Signaling" (INFS) pathway, which influences differentiation of neural progenitor cells and the associated gene activities. Activation of cell surface neurotransmitter, hormonal, or growth factor receptors stimulates the release of FGFR1 from cytoplasmic membranes into the cytosol. This process is enabled by the atypical transmembrane domain of FGFR1 and is facilitated by the interaction with pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase-1. Cytosolic FGFR1 is transported into the nucleus by importin beta and activates transcription in cooperation with CBP (cyclic AMP Responsive Element-Binding Protein) by augmenting RNA polymerase II activity and histone acetylation. To explain the developmental function of FGFR1, a "feed-forward-and-gate" signaling mechanism is presented in which the INFS pathway "feeds forward" the developmental signals to the common and essential transcriptional coactivator, CBP. The coupled activation of CBP (by INFS) and transcription factors (by specific signaling pathways) enables the coordinated regulation of multigene programs by developmental cues. In some cancer cells, in which INFS is inactive, the reconstitution of nuclear FGFR1 signaling may be used to reestablish this coordinated regulation thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing differentiation.
SPICE compatible circuit models for partial reluctance K (2005)

We are the fist to develop SPICE compatible circuit model for partial reluctance K. It can be combined with any partial reluctance based extraction method to perform FiLC simulation directly without the need of inverting partial reluctance matrix back into partial inductance domain or modifying conventional simulator. To build symmetrical partial reluctance matrix, we also prw posed blocked K method based on group concept to cover more magnetic couplings. Both quantitive analysis and experiments demonstrated that the combination of the SPICE compatible circuit model and the blocked K method has the best compromise between accuracy and performance among all SPICE compatible sparsificatioo techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Selenium Compounds in Organic Synthesis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Targeting BIG3–PHB2 interaction to overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells (2013)

The acquisition of endocrine resistance is a common obstacle in endocrine therapy of patients with oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast tumours. We previously demonstrated that the BIG3-PHB2 complex has a crucial role in the modulation of oestrogen/ERα signalling in breast cancer cells. Here we report a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor, called ERAP, that regulates multiple ERα-signalling pathways associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the interaction between BIG3 and PHB2. Intrinsic PHB2 released from BIG3 by ERAP directly binds to both nuclear- and membrane-associated ERα, which leads to the inhibition of multiple ERα-signalling pathways, including genomic and non-genomic ERα activation and ERα phosphorylation, and the growth of ERα-positive breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, ERAP treatment suppresses tamoxifen resistance and enhances tamoxifen responsiveness in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. These findings suggest inhibiting the interaction between BIG3 and PHB2 may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of luminal-type breast cancer.
Long-acting recombinant coagulation factor IX albumin fusion protein (rIX-FP) in hemophilia B: results of a phase 3 trial (2016)

A global phase 3 study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) in 63 previously treated male patients (12-61 years) with severe hemophilia B (factor IX [FIX] activity ≤2%). The study included 2 groups: group 1 patients received routine prophylaxis once every 7 days for 26 weeks, followed by either 7-, 10-, or 14-day prophylaxis regimen for a mean of 50, 38, or 51 weeks, respectively; group 2 patients received on-demand treatment of bleeding episodes for 26 weeks and then switched to a 7-day prophylaxis regimen for a mean of 45 weeks. The mean terminal half-life of rIX-FP was 102 hours, 4.3-fold longer than previous FIX treatment. Patients maintained a mean trough of 20 and 12 IU/dL FIX activity on prophylaxis with rIX-FP 40 IU/kg weekly and 75 IU/kg every 2 weeks, respectively. There was 100% reduction in median annualized spontaneous bleeding rate (AsBR) and 100% resolution of target joints when subjects switched from on-demand to prophylaxis treatment with rIX-FP (P< .0001). The median AsBR was 0.00 for all prophylaxis regimens. Overall, 98.6% of bleeding episodes were treated successfully, including 93.6% that were treated with a single injection. No patient developed an inhibitor, and no safety concerns were identified. These results indicate rIX-FP is safe and effective for preventing and treating bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia B at dosing regimens of 40 IU/kg weekly and 75 IU/kg every 2 weeks. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT0101496274.
100 MHz serial access architecture for 4 Mb field memory (1990)

An architecture that improves serial I/O operation speed, reduces layout area, and permits simple control is presented. The architecture features a high-speed, simple configuration, an easy controllable data shifter, and an high-speed redundancy circuit. With this architecture, a 4-Mb field memory with 100-MHz serial access capability has been developed. The process technology used is 1.0 μm CMOS, and the die size is 12.94 mm×25.9 mm. The data register circuit area of the prototype chip was 40% smaller than that of conventional chips
Tautomer‐Specific Anti‐(N‐3‐Substituted)‐Adenine Antibodies: New Tools in Molecular Dosimetry and Epidemiology (1993)

For the determination of individual exposures to alkylating carcinogens, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that selectively bind a broad spectrum of N3substituted adenines 1 show great potential. The key to the generation of these tautomer-specific mabs was hapten design based on AM1 calculations.
Reversible light-induced fatigue of two-layer organic photoconductors studied by time-of-flight photoconductivity measurements (1991)

Reversible light-induced fatigue of two-layer organic photoconductors consisting of a charge generation layer (CGL) and a charge transport layer (CTL) was studied by time-of-flight (TOF) photoconductivity measurements. The CGL contains 50% X-metal-free-phthalocyanine in a polyester and the CTL is a solid solution of 33% p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-diphenylhydrazone in a polyester. Prolonged light exposure under applied fields above 105 V cm-1 causes remarkable changes in electro-photographic properties and the TOF current pulse shape. After light exposure the TOF current increases and the drift velocity of holes through the CTL decreases compared with those before light exposure. From the experimental results, it is concluded that light-induced fatigue of the two-layer photoconductor is a consequence of the build-up of the negative space charge caused by the electron trapping in the CGL and the positive space charge caused by the hole trapping at the CGL-CTL interface. The TOF current waveform strongly reflects the internal potential profile modulated by these space charges. A rest in the dark reverses the TOF current waveforms. The recovery process of TOF waveforms shows that holes trapped at the interface are first released, and then electrons trapped in the CGL are released thermally.
Phase I Trial of Concurrent Tirapazamine, Cisplatin, and Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer (2001)

DLT was due unexpectedly to febrile neutropenia, which could be overcome by omitting tirapazamine in weeks 5 and 6. The combination of tirapazamine, cisplatin, and radiotherapy resulted in remarkably good and durable clinical responses in patients with very advanced head and neck cancers. It warrants further investigation.