gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Characteristics of Cartilaginous and Bony Components of Dysplastic Hips in Children: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Quantitative Analysis (1997)

A cartilage-viewing technique was developed to overcome the shortcoming of not seeing the cartilaginous components, believed to play more important role than the osseous components in children's hips, with computed tomography. This technique was applied to 25 dysplastic hips in children younger than 10 years to evaluate their global and local deficiencies. The findings helped us to understand more about their individual problems. To quantify the three-dimensional (3-D) parameters of acetabular anatomy and femoral head coverage, a measuring technique was developed based on digitization of the 3-D coordinates and fitting of every component of the hip. The improved images and the quantified parameters were expected to aid the planning, formulation, and even simulation of individualized surgical treatment for children with developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Apolipoprotein E Receptors Mediate the Effects of β-Amyloid on Astrocyte Cultures (2000)

We have previously shown that beta-amyloid (Abeta) induces astrocyte activation in vitro and that this reaction is attenuated by the addition of exogenous apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing particles. However, the effects of Abeta on endogenous apoE and apoJ levels and the potential role of apoE receptors in astrocyte activation have not been addressed. Three activating stimuli (lipopolysaccharide, dibutyryl cAMP, and aged Abeta 1-42) were used to induce activation of rat astrocyte cultures, as assessed by changes in morphology and an increase in interleukin-1beta. However, only Abeta also induced approximately 50% reduction in the amount of released apoE and apoJ and an 8-fold increase in the levels of cell-associated apoE and apoJ. Experiments using two concentrations of receptor-associated protein, an inhibitor of apoE receptors with a differential affinity for the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the LDLR-related protein (LRP), suggest that LRP mediates Abeta-induced astrocyte activation, whereas LDLR mediates the Abeta-induced changes in apoE levels. Receptor-associated protein had no effect on apoJ levels or on activation by either dibutyryl cAMP or lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that apoE receptors translate the presence of extracellular Abeta into cellular responses, both initiating and modulating the inflammatory response induced by Abeta.
A Comparison of Pseudo-Noise and Conventional Modulation for Multiple-Access Satellite Communications (1965)

This paper compares pseudo-noise (PN) with conventional modulation techniques for multiple-access satellite communications of voice messages. The reference for all comparisons is the conventional frequency-division multiplex telephone system. The comparison study is concerned with theoretical channel parameters as well as practical considerations which are unique to satellite communications. For PN modulation, curves are presented which show the relationship between the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio and the number of channels per megacycle for a given test-tone-to-noise ratio. It is concluded that high quality voice transmission can be achieved efficiently with PN-multiplexing. In particular, pulsed pseudo-noise transmission with some form of wide-deviation pulse-time message modulation and matched filter reception uses the down-link intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth as efficiently as the conventional single-sideband up and composite frequency-modulation with feedback down, provided that up-link power control is used. For lower quality communications, conventional modulation is more efficient in rf bandwidth utilization. Where rf bandwidth is not a significant factor, but the down-link intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio is important, then in the case of PN modulation, communications can be made thermal noise limited in the down-link. Here PN is, for all practical purposes, as efficient as orthogonal multiplexing.
Characterization of the Imitation Switch subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

We have identified and characterized two Imitation Switch genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ISW1 and ISW2, which are highly related to Drosophila ISWI, encoding the putative ATPase subunit of three ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors. Purification of ISW1p reveals a four-subunit complex with nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as ATP-dependent nucleosome disruption and spacing activities. Purification of ISW2p reveals a two-subunit complex also with nucleosome-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent nucleosome spacing activities but no detectable nucleosome disruption activity. Null mutations of ISW1, ISW2, and CHD1 genes cause synthetic lethality in various stress conditions in yeast cells, revealing the first in vivo functions of the ISWI subfamily of chromatin-remodeling complexes and demonstrating their genetic interactions. A single point mutation within the ATPase domain of both ISW1p and ISW2p inactivated all ATP-dependent biochemical activities of the complexes, as well as the ability of the genes to rescue the mutant phenotypes. This demonstrates that the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling activities are essential for the in vivo functions of both ISW1 and ISW2 complexes.
Electroporation of binary Ti plasmid vector intoAgrobacterium tumefaciensandAgrobacterium rhizogenes (1990)

Efficient transformation of strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes by electroporation with binary Ti plasmid vector is reported. This procedure yields rates of transformation of 106-103 per μg DNA, which is several orders of magnitude greater than previously published procedures for this genus, the efficiency of transformation varies with the bacterial strain used. This procedure will be useful for the construction of plant DNA libraries directly in Agrobacterium.
Transforming growth factor β treatment decreases ACTH receptors on ovine adrenocortical cells (1989)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a potent inhibitor of adrenocortical cell differentiated functions, whereas corticotropin (ACTH) is the main physiological hormone which acts positively on these functions. We have studied the effects of both TGF beta and ACTH on ovine adrenocortical cell ACTH receptors. Ovine adrenocortical cells contained specific high affinity (Kd = 2.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(-10) M) and low capacity (1190 +/- 120 sites/cell) ACTH receptors. Pretreatment of cells with TGF beta resulted in a time- and dose-dependent (ED50 = 50 pg/ml) decrease of 125I-ACTH1-39 binding. The observed decrease in ACTH binding was due to a 2-3-fold decrease in the number of binding sites without modification of the binding affinity. On the contrary, pretreatment of cells with ACTH caused a 4-4.5-fold increase in the number of ACTH binding sites without an effect on the Kd. When cells were pretreated with both ACTH and TGF beta, TGF beta blocked completely the positive trophic effect of ACTH on its own receptors. The variations in ACTH receptor number were associated with parallel changes on acute ACTH-induced cyclic AMP production. Thus, the effects of TGF beta on ACTH receptor content are likely another important negative action of this peptide on adrenocortical cell differentiation. Moreover, these results suggest that regulation of ACTH receptor number may be one mechanism by which hormones and growth factors control adrenocortical differentiation.
Mechanisms of Pathogen-Derived Resistance to Viruses in Transgenic Plants (1996)

David C. Baulcombe, Mechanisms of Pathogen-Derived Resistance to Viruses in Transgenic Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 10, Special Review Issue on Plant-Microbe Interactions (Oct., 1996), pp. 1833-1844
The chicken ubiquitin gene contains a heat shock promoter and expresses an unstable mRNA in heat-shocked cells. (1986)

A chicken genomic library was screened to obtain genomic clones for ubiquitin genes. Two genes that differ in their genomic location and organization were identified. One gene, designated Ub I, contains four copies of the protein-coding sequence arranged in tandem, while the second gene, Ub II, contains three. The origin of the two major mRNAs that are induced after heat shock in chicken embryo fibroblasts was determined by generating DNA probes from the 5'-and 3'-noncoding regions of the two genes. Both mRNAs are transcribed from Ub I, the larger being the unspliced precursor of the smaller. A 674-base-pair intron was located within the 5'-noncoding region of Ub I. The second gene, Ub II, does not appear to code for an RNA species in normal or heat-shocked chicken embryo fibroblasts. The expression of ubiquitin mRNA during heat shock and recovery was examined. Addition of actinomycin D before heat shock completely abolished the response of ubiquitin mRNA to the stress. Analysis of the stability of the mRNA during recovery revealed that the mRNA accumulated during the heat shock is rapidly degraded with a half-life of approximately 1.5 h, suggesting a specialized but transient role for ubiquitin during heat shock.
Low‐Voltage All‐Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor Fabricated Using an Inkjet Printing Technique (2005)

Abstract Summary: An all‐polymer field‐effect transistor (FET) fabricated using an inkjet printing technique is presented in this paper. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) works as the source/drain/gate electrode material because of its good conductivity. Polypyrrole acts as the semiconducting layer. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) K60, an insulating polymer with a dielectric constant of 60, operates as the dielectric layer. All the polymers are diluted with deionized water, and can be printed with a piezoelectric inkjet printing system. The device functions at a depletion mode with low operation voltage. It has a field‐effect mobility of 0.1 cm 2 · V −1 · s −1 , an on/off ratio of 2.9 × 10 3 , and a subthreshold slope of 2.81 V · decade −1 . Schematic of the all‐polymer FET synthesized here. image Schematic of the all‐polymer FET synthesized here.
Computers in Stereotactic Neurosurgery (1992)

Computer-based image processing operating room environment functional neurosurgery stereotactic surgical planning interactive interoperative applications future possibilities.
Optical isomers of mepivacaine and bupivacaine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical isomers of mepivacaine and bupivacaineBenjamin F. TullarCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 9, 891–892Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00291a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00291a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibacterial treatment of bacterial vaginosis: current and emerging therapies (2011)

Bacterial vaginosis is a common cause of malodorous vaginal discharge. It is also associated with sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The magnitude of the gynecological and obstetrical consequences has stimulated therapeutic research and led to the testing of several therapies. The objective of this work is to present the currently available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and associated recommendations, and discuss the emerging therapies.
Src Homology 2 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (SHPTP2)/Src Homology 2 Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) Tyrosine Phosphatase Is a Positive Regulator of the Interleukin 5 Receptor Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to the Prolongation of Eosinophil Survival (1997)

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) regulates the growth and function of eosinophils. It induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Lyn and Jak2 tyrosine kinases. The role of tyrosine phosphatases in IL-5 signal transduction has not been investigated. In this study, we provide first evidence that SH2 protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHPTP2) phosphotyrosine phosphatase plays a key role in prevention of eosinophil death by IL-5. We found that IL-5 produced a rapid activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPTP2 within 1 min. The tyrosine phosphorylated SHPTP2 was complexed with the adapter protein Grb2 in IL-5-stimulated eosinophils. Furthermore, SHPTP2 appeared to physically associate with beta common (betac) chain of the IL-5 receptor (IL-5betacR). The association of SHPTP2 with IL-5betacR was reconstituted using a synthetic phosphotyrosine-containing peptide, betac 605-624, encompassing tyrosine (Y)612. The binding to the phosphotyrosine-containing peptide increased the phosphatase activity of SHPTP2, whereas the same peptide with the phosphorylated Y612--> F mutation did not activate SHPTP2. Only SHPTP2 antisense oligonucleotides, but not sense SHPTP2, could inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein kinase, and reverse the eosinophil survival advantage provided by IL-5. Therefore, we conclude that the physical association of SHPTP2 with the phosphorylated betac receptor and Grb2 and its early activation are required for the coupling of the receptor to the Ras signaling pathway and for prevention of eosinophil death by IL-5.
Purinergic receptor‐mediated effects of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate in urological malignant diseases (2008)

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) mediates a variety of biological functions and has been shown to play a physiological role in almost every system in the body. In the genito-urinary system, extracellular ATP has been shown to play a functional role in several different capacities, ranging from nociception in the ureter and bladder, to erectile dysfunction via its action on different 'purinergic receptors'. Discovery of the trophic effects of ATP has led to a surge in interest in this signalling system in various malignancies. To date five P2 receptor subtypes have been implicated in the growth inhibition of cancer cells, namely P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y11. Limited data are available on urological malignancies. ATP induces its anti-neoplastic effect primarily via purinergic receptor-mediated apoptosis via calcium-independent pathways, and this has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Studies have highlighted functional roles for the P2X5 and/or P2Y11 receptors in both hormone refractory prostate cancer and high-grade bladder cancer, although the contributory effect of pro-apoptotic P2X7 receptors remains unclear. Clinical trials have shown intravenous ATP successfully attenuates a range of systemic symptoms associated with advanced malignancies. This raises the possibility that selective targeting of specific aberrant pathways may allow for treatment of advanced primary malignancies and their systemic effects.
HaloTag: A Novel Protein Labeling Technology for Cell Imaging and Protein Analysis (2008)

We have designed a modular protein tagging system that allows different functionalities to be linked onto a single genetic fusion, either in solution, in living cells, or in chemically fixed cells. The protein tag (HaloTag) is a modified haloalkane dehalogenase designed to covalently bind to synthetic ligands (HaloTag ligands). The synthetic ligands comprise a chloroalkane linker attached to a variety of useful molecules, such as fluorescent dyes, affinity handles, or solid surfaces. Covalent bond formation between the protein tag and the chloroalkane linker is highly specific, occurs rapidly under physiological conditions, and is essentially irreversible. We demonstrate the utility of this system for cellular imaging and protein immobilization by analyzing multiple molecular processes associated with NF-kappaB-mediated cellular physiology, including imaging of subcellular protein translocation and capture of protein--protein and protein--DNA complexes.
Comparison of Antioxidant Potency of Commonly Consumed Polyphenol-Rich Beverages in the United States (2008)

A number of different beverage products claim to have antioxidant potency due to their perceived high content of polyphenols. Basic and applied research indicates that pomegranate juice (PJ), produced from the Wonderful variety of Punica granatum fruits, has strong antioxidant activity and related health benefits. Although consumers are familiar with the concept of free radicals and antioxidants, they are often misled by claims of superior antioxidant activity of different beverages, which are usually based only on testing of a limited spectrum of antioxidant activities. There is no available direct comparison of PJ's antioxidant activity to those of other widely available polyphenol-rich beverage products using a comprehensive variety of antioxidant tests. The present study applied (1) four tests of antioxidant potency [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), free radical scavenging capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)]; (2) a test of antioxidant functionality, that is, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by peroxides and malondialdehyde methods; and (3) evaluation of the total polyphenol content [by gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)] of polyphenol-rich beverages in the marketplace. The beverages included several different brands as follows: apple juice (3), açaí juice (3), black cherry juice (3), blueberry juice (3), cranberry juice (3), Concord grape juice (3), orange juice (3), red wines (3), iced tea beverages (10) [black tea (3), green tea (4), white tea (3)], and a major PJ available in the U.S. market. An overall antioxidant potency composite index was calculated by assigning each test equal weight. PJ had the greatest antioxidant potency composite index among the beverages tested and was at least 20% greater than any of the other beverages tested. Antioxidant potency, ability to inhibit LDL oxidation, and total polyphenol content were consistent in classifying the antioxidant capacity of the polyphenol-rich beverages in the following order: PJ>red wine>Concord grape juice>blueberry juice>black cherry juice, açaí juice, cranberry juice>orange juice, iced tea beverages, apple juice. Although in vitro antioxidant potency does not prove in vivo biological activity, there is also consistent clinical evidence of antioxidant potency for the most potent beverages including both PJ and red wine.
Micro- and nano-fabricated Implantable drug-delivery Systems (2012)

Implantable drug-delivery systems provide new means for achieving therapeutic drug concentrations over entire treatment durations in order to optimize drug action. This article focuses on new drug administration modalities achieved using implantable drug-delivery systems that are enabled by micro- and nano-fabrication technologies, and microfluidics. Recent advances in drug administration technologies are discussed and remaining challenges are highlighted.
Computational studies of catalyst-free single walled carbon nanotube growth (2013)

Semiempirical tight binding (TB) and density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to study the mechanism of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth. The results are compared with similar calculations on graphene. Both TB and DFT geometry optimized structures of relevance to SWNT growth show that the minimum energy growth mechanism is via the formation of hexagons at the SWNT end. This is similar to the result for graphene where growth occurs via the formation of hexagons at the edge of the graphene flake. However, due to the SWNT curvature, defects such as pentagons are more stable in SWNTs than in graphene. Monte Carlo simulations based on the TB energies show that SWNTs close under conditions that are proper for growth of large defect-free graphene flakes, and that a particle such as a Ni cluster is required to maintain an open SWNT end under these conditions. The calculations also show that the proper combination of growth parameters such as temperature and chemical potential are required to prevent detachment of the SWNTs from the Ni cluster or encapsulation of the cluster by the feedstock carbon atoms.
Chromosomal double-strand break repair in Ku80-deficient cells. (1996)

The x-ray sensitive hamster cell line xrs-6 is deficient in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and exhibits impaired V(D)J recombination. The molecular defect in this line is in the 80-kDa subunit of the Ku autoantigen, a protein that binds to DNA ends and recruits the DNA-dependent protein kinase to DNA. Using an I-SceI endonuclease expression system, chromosomal DSB repair was examined in xrs-6 and parental CHO-K1 cell lines. A DSB in chromosomal DNA increased the yield of recombinants several thousand-fold above background in both the xrs-6 and CHO-K1 cells, with recombinational repair of DSBs occurring in as many as 1 of 100 cells electroporated with the endonuclease expression vector. Thus, recombinational repair of chromosomal DSBs can occur at substantial levels in mammalian cells and it is not grossly affected in our assay by a deficiency of the Ku autoantigen. Rejoining of broken chromosome ends (end-joining) near the site of the DSB was also examined. In contrast to recombinational repair, end-joining was found to be severely impaired in the xrs-6 cells. Thus, the Ku protein appears to play a critical role in only one of the chromosomal DSB repair pathways.
The design and implementation of a scalable secure multicast system (2006)

Multicast is an efficient way to distribute data to multiple receivers simultaneously. However, security, scalability, and group management issues still prevent the wide deployment of multicast due to the open model of multicast group membership. Our research group has developed frameworks for multicast protocols to solve these problems. Nevertheless, most work was concentrated on one aspect of the whole multicast system, and most of the achievements were architecture design, specification, and validation. In this thesis, a Scalable Secure Multicast System is designed, and a Multicast Data Security module is implemented. The Scalable Secure Multicast System, which integrates two major achievements in our research group, makes great efforts toward providing a scalable and secure multicast system for the real world. The implementation of the Multicast Data Security module proves the feasibility of proxy encryption with multicast and achieves a satisfactory performance in the Linux kernel. A new key distribution scheme based on proxy encryption is proposed to further improve the scalability and security of multicast communication.
Measurement of the severity of natural smooth surface (interproximal) caries lesions with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (2005)

The integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization channel can be used to represent the severity of demineralization in natural early caries lesions. Therefore, PS-OCT has considerable potential as a non-destructive clinical probe of early caries lesions to assess their severity, monitor their progression over-time and potentially assess lesion activity.