gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Enzyme, GDP-Fucose: GM1 α1↑2Fucosyltransferase in Rat Liver and Hepatoma: Modulation by and Association with Phospholipids1 (1987)

The enzyme GDPFuc:GM1 alpha 1----2 fucosyltransferase, induced by chemical carcinogens in precancerous rat liver as well as rat hepatoma cells, was found previously to be membrane bound, and was inactivated by various detergents, while the activities of many other transferases are generally enhanced by detergents (Holmes, E.H. & Hakomori, S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3706-3717). The effects of phospholipids and detergents on rat hepatoma H35 cells, the conditions of solubilization and subsequent affinity chromatography of the enzyme, and a possible association of phospholipids with the enzyme have been studied with the following major results: The alpha 1----2 fucosyltransferase activity in Golgi membrane was diminished on treatment of membranes with phospholipase A1 or phospholipase C. The enzyme activity was stimulated 7-fold in the presence of cardiolipin or phosphatidylglycerol (and 3-fold by phosphatidylethanolamine) but not other phospholipids. The stimulatory effect of phosphatidylglycerol was eliminated when a variety of ionic or non-ionic detergents were added to the reaction mixture, with the exception of the cationic detergent G-3634-A, which provided a 10-fold total stimulation in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. The kinetic analysis indicated that addition of phosphatidylglycerol has a negligible effect on apparent Km values but increases the Vmax of the enzyme 5- to 6-fold. The enzyme activity was solubilized by the dialyzable detergent CHAPSO without inhibition of the enzyme activity, and the solubilized enzyme in the presence of 0.4% CHAPSO is partially purified by chromatography on GDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose. Removal of CHAPSO from the affinity purified enzyme by dialysis resulted in a 66% loss of the original activity, which was restored by addition of phosphatidylglycerol. Chromatography of the affinity-purified enzyme with 3H-labeled phosphatidylglycerol on a Biogel A0.5 column indicated an association of the enzyme with the phospholipid that occurred only in the absence of detergent. These results suggest that phospholipid has a direct effect on the enzyme and that the inhibitory effect of detergents can be ascribable to disturbing interaction between phospholipids and the enzyme. A possible role of specific phospholipids on in vivo transferase activity for glycolipids is discussed.
Querying and ranking XML documents (2002)

Abstract XML represents both content and structure of documents. Taking advantage of the document structure promises to greatly improve the retrieval precision. In this article, we present a retrieval technique that adopts the similarity measure of the vector space model, incorporates the document structure, and supports structured queries. Our query model is based on tree matching as a simple and elegant means to formulate queries without knowing the exact structure of the data. Using this query model we propose a logical document concept by deciding on the document boundaries at query time. We combine structured queries and term‐based ranking by extending the term concept to structural terms that include substructures of queries and documents. The notions of term frequency and inverse document frequency are adapted to logical documents and structural terms. We introduce an efficient technique to calculate all necessary term frequencies and inverse document frequencies at query time. By adjusting parameters of the retrieval process we are able to model two contrary approaches: the classical vector space model, and the original tree matching approach.
Modulation of Intracellular Calcium Levels by Calcium Lactate Affects Colon Cancer Cell Motility through Calcium-Dependent Calpain (2015)

Cancer cell motility is a key phenomenon regulating invasion and metastasis. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a major role in cellular adhesion and metastasis of various cancers. The relationship between dietary supplementation of calcium and colon cancer has been extensively investigated. However, the effect of calcium (Ca2+) supplementation on calpain-FAK-motility is not clearly understood. We sought to identify the mechanism of FAK cleavage through Ca2+ bound lactate (CaLa), its downstream signaling and role in the motility of human colon cancer cells. We found that treating HCT116 and HT-29 cells with CaLa immediately increased the intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) levels for a prolonged period of time. Ca2+ influx induced cleavage of FAK into an N-terminal FAK (FERM domain) in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK) was also cleaved in to its p-N-terminal FAK. CaLa increased colon cancer cells motility. Calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor, reversed the effects of CaLa on FAK and pFAK cleavage in both cancer cell lines. The cleaved FAK translocates into the nucleus and modulates p53 stability through MDM2-associated ubiquitination. CaLa-induced Ca2+ influx increased the motility of colon cancer cells was mediated by calpain activity through FAK and pFAK protein destabilization. In conclusion, these results suggest that careful consideration may be given in deciding dietary Ca2+ supplementation to patient undergoing treatment for metastatic cancer.
Crystal Structure of Transforming Growth Factor-β2: an Unusual Fold for the Superfamily (1992)

The transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-beta 1 through -beta 5) are a family of homodimeric cytokines that regulate proliferation and function in many cell types. Family members have 66 to 80% sequence identity and nine strictly conserved cysteines. A crystal structure of a member of this family, TGF-beta 2, has been determined at 2.1 angstrom (A) resolution and refined to an R factor of 0.172. The monomer lacks a well-defined hydrophobic core and displays an unusual elongated nonglobular fold with dimensions of approximately 60 A by 20 A by 15 A. Eight cysteines form four intrachain disulfide bonds, which are clustered in a core region forming a network complementary to the network of hydrogen bonds. The dimer is stabilized by the ninth cysteine, which forms an interchain disulfide bond, and by two identical hydrophobic interfaces. Sequence profile analysis of other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, including the activins, inhibins, and several developmental factors, imply that they also adopt the TGF-beta fold.
Iodine-Induced Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD-H-2h4Mice (1996)

Excess iodine ingestion has been implicated in induction and exacerbation of autoimmune thyroiditis in human populations and animal models. We studied the time course and sex-related differences in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD-H-2h4 mice. This strain, derived from a cross of NOD with B10.A(4R), spontaneously develops autoimmune thyroiditis but not diabetes. NOD-H-2h4 mice were given either plain water or water with 0.05% iodine for 8 weeks. Approximately 54% of female and 70% of male iodine-treated mice developed thyroid lesions, whereas only 1 of 20 control animals had thyroiditis at this time. Levels of serum thyroxin (T4) were similar in the treatment and control groups. Thyroglobulin-specific antibodies were present in the iodine-treated group after 8 weeks of treatment but antibodies to thyroid peroxidase were not apparent in the serum of any of the animals. Levels of thyroglobulin antibodies increased throughout the 8-week iodine ingestion period; however, no correlation was seen between the levels of total thyroglobulin antibodies and the degree of thyroid infiltration at the time of autopsy. The thyroglobulin antibodies consisted primarily of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM antibodies with no detectable IgA, IgG1, or IgG3 thyroglobulin-specific antibodies. The presence of IgG2b thyroglobulin-specific antibodies correlated well with the presence of thyroid lesions.
Electrical Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias: Pacing, Antitachycardia Devices, Catheter Ablation (1990)

A comprehensive presentation of electrical therapy by more than 40 highly respected authorities, including complete coverage of tachycardia (fast rate) therapy, as well as bradycardias (conventional cardiac pacing). This valuable text also details concepts of arrhythmia prevention or ablation with electrical techniques...device implantation techniques* electrocardiographic, radiologic, and device monitoring techniques, much more.
Protein Kinases in the Regulation of Apoptosis in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2003)

The involvement of several protein kinase pathways in the regulation of apoptosis and cell survival has been analyzed in a wide range of models. This article reviews current understanding of the protein kinases involved in the control of apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) play important roles in the survival of these leukemic cells. These survival pathways affect proteins involved in the control of apoptosis by altering their expression or function. The elucidation of the signal transduction network involved in the survival of B-CLL cells could provide novel pharmacological targets for the therapy of B-CLL.
Photophysical Properties of 3,3‘-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide in Binary Mixtures (2003)

The photophysics of 3,3‘-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (DTCI) in liquid mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with toluene was studied by means of steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. By variation of the diminution of the volume fraction of DMSO, the solvation shell around a DTCI species significantly decreases the quantum efficiency of its photoisomerization. The character of the fluorescence decay, observed upon excitation at 570 nm, also changes. For DMSO volume fractions larger than 14 vol %, a single-exponential function with a lifetime of about 300 ps is found; in the range from 14−8 vol % of DMSO, biexponential functions with time components of 200 and 500 ps are observed, and when the DMSO volume fraction decreases from 8 to 1.6 vol %, the fluorescence decay is again single exponential (lifetimes 500−700 ps). These findings will be explained in terms of the Rullière model by assuming a fast equilibrium between electronically excited trans and cis isomers of DTCI.
Treatment Satisfaction With Inhaled Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2001)

Inhaled insulin may offer the first practical, noninvasive alternative to insulin injections. For patients with type 1 diabetes, inhaled insulin maintains glycemic control and provides greater overall satisfaction and convenience/ease of use than subcutaneous insulin.
Targeting SHCBP1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2013)

Src homology 2 domain containing (SHC) is a proto-oncogene which mediates cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in human carcinomas. Here, the SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) was first established to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues by array-base comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). Meanwhile, we examine and verify it by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Our current data show that SHCBP1 was up-regulated in HCC tissues. Overexpression of SHCBP1 could significantly promote HCC cell proliferation, survival and colony formation in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of SHCBP1 induced cell cycle delay and suppressed cell proliferation. Furthermore, SHCBP1 could regulate the expression of activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cyclin D1. Together, our findings indicate that SHCBP1 may contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation and may serve as a molecular target of cancer therapy.
Hot Pressing of Potassium‐Sodium Niobates (1962)

Compositions in the system KNbO 3 ‐NaNbO 2 have been hot‐pressed to yield ceramics with relative densities greater than 99%. Because these materials lack any degree of pyroplastic behavior, temperatures approaching those required for air sintering are needed. These hot‐pressed specimens exhibit a finer microstructure than that obtainable by conventional processing. Enhanced piezoelectric coefficients are observed, and in certain compositional regions radial coupling coefficients have been increased from 32 to approximately 48%. Dielectric constants increase with densification and ac losses remain relatively high. The fine structure and improved piezoelectric activity, especially near the equimolar composition, make these materials desirable for electromechanical transducers, particularly in the 10 to 20 Mc per second range. The rate equation of Murray, Live, and Williams for hot‐pressing ceramics was found to apply in this system.
Abrogation of Ref1 Retrovirus Restriction in Human Cells (2002)

We have previously described postentry restriction of murine leukemia virus in mammals. Here we characterize the block in human cells. Restricted infection kinetics are multiple hit at high virus dose, and restriction is abrogated by preexposure to restricted virus. We hypothesize that restricted capsid can titrate out the restriction factor.
58.2: Invited Paper : Suftla Flexible Microelectronics on Their Way to Business (2007)

Abstract “Suftla,” a technology that enables polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors to be transferred from one substrate to another, is on its way to commercialization. Realizing highly functional large‐scale integrated circuits on plastic, Suftla is on the verge of creating a new industry of flexible microelectronics. for the flexible microelectronics business to be viable, Suftla transfer yield must be as high as possible. In addition, devices formed on plastic must not be damaged during the fabrication process and must be durable enough for practical uses. Plastic engineering is one of the keys to solving thermal reliability problems faced by flexible microelectronics devices.
High electrostrictive strain under high mechanical stress in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer (1999)

In this letter, we show that the electric field induced strain in the electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer can generate high strain even under a high mechanical stress. The observed change in strain with stress is due to the electrostrictive coupling of the local polarization with stress, and can be directly related to the change of the induced strain with temperature. The results indicate that the field induced strain observed in the films investigated is indeed from the local polarization regions in the material, and is electrostrictive in nature.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Premedication is Comparable With Midazolam in Burn Children Undergoing Reconstructive Surgery (2009)

Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium in children continue to be common even with midazolam premedication. Midazolam is unpleasant tasting even with a flavored vehicle and as a result, patient acceptance is sometimes poor. As an alternative, we evaluated dexmedetomidine administered intranasally. Dexmedetomidine an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is tasteless, odorless, and painless when administered by this route. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists produce sedation, facilitate parental separation, and improve conditions for induction of general anesthesia, while preserving airway reflexes. Institutional review board approval was obtained to study 100 pediatric patients randomized to intranasal dexmedetomidine (2 microg/kg) or oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) administered 30 to 45 minutes before the surgery. Subjects received general anesthesia with oxygen, nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and analgesics (0.05-0.1 mg/kg morphine or 0.1 mg/kg methadone). Nurses and anesthetists were blinded to the drug administered and evaluated patients for preoperative sedation, conditions for induction of general anesthesia, emergence from anesthesia, and postoperative pain. Responses of 100 patients (50 dexmedetomidine and 50 midazolam) were analyzed. Dexmedetomidine (P=.003) was more effective than midazolam at inducing sleep preoperatively. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam were comparable for conditions at induction (P>0.05), emergence from anesthesia (P>0.05), or postoperative pain (P>0.05). Both drugs were equieffective in these regards. In pediatric patients, dexmedetomidine 2 microg/kg administered intranasally and midazolam 0.5 mg/kg administered orally produced similar conditions during induction and emergence of anesthesia. Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine is more effective at inducing sleep and in some circumstances offers a useful alternative to oral midazolam in children.
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis (2004)

The present review focuses on the concept that cellular and humoral immunity to the phylogenetically highly conserved antigen heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is the initiating mechanism in the earliest stages of atherosclerosis. Subjecting arterial endothelial cells to classical atherosclerosis risk factors leads to the expression of HSP60 that then may serve as a target for pre-existent cross-reactive antimicrobial HSP60 immunity or bona fide autoimmune reactions induced by biochemically altered autologous HSP60. Endothelial cells can also bind microbial or autologous HSP60 via Toll-like receptors, providing another possibility for targetting adaptive or innate immunological effector mechanisms.
System for Robotically Assisted Percutaneous Procedures with Computed Tomography Guidance (2001)

We present the prototype of an image-guided robotic system for accurate and consistent placement of percutaneous needles in soft-tissue targets under CT guidance inside the gantry of a CT scanner. The couch-mounted system consists of a seven-degrees-of-freedom passive mounting arm, a remote center-of-motion robot, and a motorized needle-insertion device. Single- image-based coregistration of the robot and image space is achieved by stereotactic localization using a miniature version of the BRW head frame built into the radiolucent needle driver. The surgeon plans and controls the intervention in the scanner room on a desktop computer that receives DICOM images from the scanner. The system does not need calibration, employs pure image-based registration, and does not utilize any vendor-specific hardware or software features. In the open air, where there is no needle-tissue interaction, we systematically achieved an accuracy better than 1 mm in hitting targets at 5-8 cm from the fulcrum point. In the phantom, the orientation accuracy was 0.6°, and the distance between the needle tip and the target was 1.04 mm. Experiments indicated that this robotic system is suitable for a variety of percutaneous clinical applications.
Biotransformation of Tryptamine in Fruiting Mycelia ofPsilocybe cubensis (1989)

Mycelial cultures of PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS, with the ability to form psilocybin and psilocin DE-NOVO, also hydroxylated and methylated fed tryptamine to give psilocin in up to 3.3% dry mass of the obtained fruit bodies. By using HPLC and TLC, it was found that these mushrooms contain only a small amount of psilocybin (0.01-0.2% dry mass). The values of psilocin are the highest described in any mushrooms.
Exposure measures applied to the bioequivalence of two sustained release formulations of bupropion (2005)

More research is needed on the interesting concept of early exposure. The WSV is often high at median t(max) which means that standard bioequivalence limits of 80 - 125% may be inappropriate. Despite the lack of dose dumping, application of AUC(E) to the fasting study, would have resulted in failure to declare bioequivalence since the GMR for this measure was only 69.5%. Application of a 90% confidence interval to AUC(E) to the fed study would have required powering to cope with the fact that this measure was highly variable.
Ectopic expression of MYB46 identifies transcriptional regulatory genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2009)

MYB46 functions as a transcriptional switch that turns on the genes necessary for secondary wall biosynthesis. Elucidating the transcriptional regulatory network immediately downstream of MYB46 is crucial to our understanding of the molecular and biochemical processes involved in the biosynthesis and deposition of secondary walls in plants. To gain insights into MYB46-mediated transcriptional regulation, we first established an inducible secondary wall thickening system in Arabidopsis by expressing MYB46 under the control of dexamethasone-inducible promoter. Then, we used an ATH1 GeneChip microarray and Illumina digital gene expression system to obtain a series of transcriptome profiles with regard to the induction of secondary wall development. These analyses allowed us to identify a group of transcription factors whose expression coincided with or preceded the induction of secondary wall biosynthetic genes. A transient transcriptional activation assay was used to confirm the hierarchical relationships among the transcription factors in the network. The in vivo assay showed that MYB46 transcriptionally activates downstream target transcription factors, three of which (AtC3H14, MYB52 and MYB63) were shown to be able to activate secondary wall biosynthesis genes. AtC3H14 activated the transcription of all of the secondary wall biosynthesis genes tested, suggesting that AtC3H14 may be another master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis. The transcription factors identified here may include direct activators of secondary wall biosynthesis genes. The present study discovered novel hierarchical relationships among the transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis, and generated several testable hypotheses.
Antibody producing human-human hybridomas. II. Derivation and characterization of an antibody specific for human leukemia cells. (1984)

Human-human hybridoma technology was used to immortalize human B lymphocytes from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to study the antigenic repertoire of the humoral immune response against the patients' own leukemia cells and against leukemic cells from other patients. Nine fusions were done with lymphocytes from seven AML patients, and all with the human RH-L4 B lymphoma line as malignant fusion partner. A total of 305 Ig-producing hybrids were obtained. 26 reacted with cell surface components on AML cells, but 21 were found not to be specific for leukemia cells, when screened for reactivity against a panel of normal and malignant cells of both human and murine origin. Five hybridomas secreted Ig with high specificity for human leukemia cells, but only one hybridoma culture, aml-18, was stable in respect to Ig-production and growth upon repeated clonings and expansion in liquid cultures. A method was developed to grow human hybridomas as ascites tumors in nude mice, but the ascites fluid did not contain increased amount of antibody. The reactivity of the aml-18 antibody (gamma, kappa) was analyzed against samples of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of 63 patients with leukemia and with cytologically verified leukemia cells in the blood. 22 of 54 AML samples reacted with aml-18. The reactivity pattern was not correlated to any categories of the French-American-British (FAB) classification; two of four ALL were positive. Moreover, a pronounced intratumoral antigenic heterogeneity in regard to aml-18 reactivity was seen and indicates a high degree of diversity in the immunological phenotype within individual AML cell populations. The study demonstrates that some patients with AML generate an immune response against their autologous malignant cells, and that the antigenic determinant in the case of aml-18 is also expressed specifically on leukemic cells from other patients.