gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced glypican-3 expression differentiates the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas from benign hepatic disorders (2001)

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour worldwide, and its differential diagnosis from benign lesions of the liver is often difficult yet of great clinical importance. In the present study, we analysed whether glypican-3 is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant liver diseases and whether it influences the growth behaviour of HCC. METHODS Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Northern blot analysis indicated that expression of glypican-3 mRNA was either low or absent in normal liver, in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and in liver cirrhosis. In contrast, expression of glypican-3 mRNA was markedly increased in 20 of 30 and moderately increased in five of 30 HCC samples. The average increase in glypican-3 mRNA expression in HCC was significant compared with expression in normal liver (21.7-fold increase, p&lt;0.01). In comparison with FNH or liver cirrhosis, glypican-3 mRNA expression in HCC was increased 7.2- (p&lt;0.05) and 10.8-fold (p&lt;0.01), respectively. In addition, pushing HCCs exhibited significantly higher glypican-3 mRNA expression than invading tumours (p&lt;0.05). In situ hybridisation analysis demonstrated weak expression of glypican-3 mRNA in normal hepatocytes and bile ductular cells, and weak to occasionally moderate signals in hepatocytes forming nodules of liver cirrhosis and in regenerated hepatic nodules of FNH. In contrast, glypican-3 in situ hybridisation signals were intense in hepatic cancer cells with even higher levels in pushing HCCs than in invading HCCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glypican-3, in many cases, has the potential to differentiate between benign and malignant liver diseases.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Biomechanics (2022)

The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) prosthesis has been demonstrated to be a viable treatment option for a variety of end-stage degenerative conditions of the shoulder. The clinical success of this prosthesis is at least partially due to its unique biomechanical advantages. As taught by Paul Grammont, the medialized center of rotation fixed-fulcrum prosthesis increases the deltoid abductor moment arm lengths and improves deltoid efficiency relative to the native shoulder. All modern reverse shoulder prostheses utilize this medialized center of rotation (CoR) design concept; however, some differences in outcomes and complications have been observed between rTSA prostheses. Such differences in outcomes can at least partially be explained by the impact of glenoid and humeral prosthesis design parameters, surgical technique, implant positioning, patient-specific bone morphology, and usage in humeral and glenoid bone loss situations on reverse shoulder biomechanics. Ultimately, a better understanding of the reverse shoulder biomechanical principles will guide future innovations and further improve clinical outcomes.
DNA repair after irradiation in glioma cells and normal human astrocytes (2007)

We examined DNA damage responses and repair in four human glioma cell lines (A7, U87, T98G, and U373) and normal human astrocytes (NHAs) after clinically relevant radiation doses to establish whether we could identify differences among them that might suggest new approaches to selective radiosensitization. We used phosphorylation of histone H2AX visualized by immunocytochemistry to assess DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and resolution. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was used to visualize and quantify repair foci. Western blotting was used to quantify repair protein levels in the different cell lines before and after irradiation and during different cell cycle phases. Mitotic labeling was used to measure cell cycle parameters after irradiation. We found that the glioma cell lines repaired DSBs more slowly and less effectively than did NHAs in the clinically relevant dose range, as assessed by induction and resolution of H2AX phosphorylation, and this was most marked in the three TP53-mutated cell lines (T98G, A7, and U373). The glioma cells also expressed relatively high repair-protein levels compared with NHAs that were not altered by irradiation. High levels of the repair protein Rad51 in these cells persisted throughout the cell cycle, and a marked increase in Rad51 foci formation, which was not restricted to cells in G2/S phase, occurred at early time points after irradiation. TP53-mutated glioma cell lines demonstrated a very prominent dose-responsive G2 checkpoint and were sensitized to radiation by caffeine, which inhibits G2/S phase checkpoint activation. In conclusion, DNA repair events differed in these four glioma cell lines compared with NHAs. In particular, the three TP53-mutated glioma cell lines exhibited markedly increased Rad51 protein levels and marked, dose-dependent Rad51 foci formation after low radiation doses. This suggests that agents that disrupt Rad51-dependent repair or prevent G2 checkpoint activation may selectively sensitize these cells.
Notes: Preparation of 2-Imino- and 2-Nitrimine-1,3-diazacycloalkanes (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Preparation of 2-Imino- and 2-Nitrimine-1,3-diazacycloalkanesL Hafner and Robert EvansCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1157–1159Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online11 July 2003Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a626https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a626research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbon nanotube growth by PECVD: a review (2003)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their unique electronic and extraordinary mechanical properties, have been receiving much attention for a wide variety of applications. Recently, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) has emerged as a key growth technique to produce vertically-aligned nanotubes. This paper reviews various plasma sources currently used in CNT growth, catalyst preparation and growth results. Since the technology is in its early stages, there is a general lack of understanding of growth mechanisms, the role of the plasma itself, and the identity of key species responsible for growth. This review is aimed at the low temperature plasma research community that has successfully addressed such issues, through plasma and surface diagnostics and modelling, in semiconductor processing and diamond thin film growth.
A Large Cohort Study of Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer Incidence (2005)

These results support the hypothesis that long duration regular NSAID use is associated with modestly reduced risk of prostate cancer.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis and Remodeling After Electrical Isolation for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: (2004)

Asymptomatic pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis after PV electrical isolation for atrial fibrillation has been reported in several studies and may be due to dynamic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine if PV stenosis progresses after the initial procedure. Consecutive patients (n = 26) requiring repeat procedures for atrial fibrillation recurrence were studied (mean age 55 +/- 12 years). Segmental PV potential-guided ostial ablation was performed with transvenous catheters. Biplane angiographic images were obtained before and after each procedure (52 procedures). Stenoses were found in 14 (16%) of 87 targeted veins immediately after the initial procedures. After 129 +/- 94 days no new stenoses were found at the second procedure. PV stenoses were unchanged in 8 previously stenosed veins, slightly deteriorated in 1 vein, improved in 2 veins, and fully resolved in 3 veins. No patients had symptoms attributable to PV stenosis. PV stenosis occurred in 6 (9%) of 68 additional veins at the second procedure. No baseline or procedural characteristics predicted stenosis. Progression of PV stenosis is uncommon in the medium term. Complete or partial resolution of PV stenosis occurs in approximately one third of cases. Absence of PV stenosis after an initial procedure does not ensure PV stenosis will not occur with further ablation in the same vein.
A study of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bortezomib in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (2010)

Due to insufficient clinical efficacy, this trial did not proceed to second-stage accrual. The combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bortezomib demonstrated limited clinical benefit and was associated with significant toxicity.
Horizontal transfer of oncogenes by uptake of apoptotic bodies (2001)

Tumor formation involves the accumulation of a series of genetic alterations that are required for malignant growth. In most malignancies, genetic changes can be observed at the chromosomal level as losses or gains of whole or large portions of chromosomes. Here we provide evidence that tumor DNA may be horizontally transferred by the uptake of apoptotic bodies. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies derived from H-ras(V12)- and human c-myc-transfected rat fibroblasts resulted in loss of contact inhibition in vitro and a tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed the presence of rat chromosomes or of rat and mouse fusion chromosomes in the nuclei of the recipient murine cells. The transferred DNA was propagated, provided that the transferred DNA conferred a selective advantage to the cell and that the phagocytotic host cell was p53-negative. These results suggest that lateral transfer of DNA between eukaryotic cells may result in aneuploidy and the accumulation of genetic changes that are necessary for tumor formation.
Supermagnetism (2008)

An ensemble of nanoparticles in which the inter-particle magnetic interactions are sufficiently weak shows superparamagnetic behaviour as described by the Néel–Brown model. On the contrary, when inter-particle interactions are non-negligible, the system eventually shows collective behaviour, which overcomes the individual anisotropy properties of the particles. At sufficiently strong interactions a magnetic nanoparticle ensemble can show superspin glass (SSG) properties similar to those of atomic spin glass systems in bulk. With a further increase in concentration, but still below physical percolation, sufficiently strong interactions can be experienced to form a superferromagnetic (SFM) state. SFM domains in a non-percolated nanoparticle assembly are expected to be similar to conventional ferromagnetic domains in a continuous film, with the decisive difference that the atomic spins are replaced by the superspins of the single-domain nanoparticles. In this review we highlight the most important developments in the field of supermagnetism, which comprises three fascinating subjects: superparamagnetism, SSG and superferromagnetism.
A Three-Dimensional Model for the Hammerhead Ribozyme Based on Fluorescence Measurements (1994)

For the understanding of the catalytic function of the RNA hammerhead ribozyme, a three-dimensional model is essential but neither a crystal nor a solution structure has been available. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to study the structure of the ribozyme in solution in order to establish the relative spatial orientation of the three constituent Watson-Crick base-paired helical segments. Synthetic constructs were labeled with the fluorescence donor (5-carboxyfluorescein) and acceptor (5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine) located at the ends of the strands constituting the ribozyme molecule. The acceptor helix in helix pairs I and III and in II and III was varied in length from 5 to 11 and 5 to 9 base pairs, respectively, and the FRET efficiencies were determined and correlated with a reference set of labeled RNA duplexes. The FRET efficiencies were predicted on the basis of vector algebra analysis, as a function of the relative helical orientations in the ribozyme constructs, and compared with experimental values. The data were consistent with a Y-shaped arrangement of the ribozyme with helices I and II in close proximity and helix III pointing away. These orientational constraints were used for molecular modeling of a three-dimensional structure of the complete ribozyme.
A sensitive bioassay for measuring blood levels of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in patients: preliminary pharmacokinetic studies. (2002)

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent stimulator of differentiation in myelocytic leukemia cells, and it has been shown to have activity in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. Because attempts to develop a suitable mass spectrometry assay for TPA were unsuccessful (because of the lack of sufficient sensitivity), we developed a novel and highly sensitive blood level bioassay for TPA that measures ethyl acetate-extractable differentiating activity in blood. Differentiating activity in ethyl acetate extracts of blood was measured in HL-60 cells by measuring the formation of adherent cells. The sensitivity of the assay was approximately 0.1 ng TPA/ml blood. The assay for TPA has a high degree of specificity and does not measure deesterifed potential metabolites (phorbol, phorbol-13-acetate, or phorbol-12-myristate), and the presence of GM-CSF, G-CSF, interferon-alpha, or interferon-gamma does not interfere with the assay. Blood levels of TPA as measured by the bioassay immediately after an IV infusion of TPA (0.125 mg/m2; approximately 0.25 mg per patient) and 1 and 3 h later were 1.75 +/- 0.55, 0.93 +/- 0.54, and 0.69 +/- 0.42 ng/ml, respectively (mean +/- SD from eight infusions in five patients). Terminal half-lives were determined in a few patients where TPA blood levels were measured at multiple time intervals after the TPA infusion. In these patients, the terminal half-life was 11.1 +/- 3.9 h (from five infusions in four patients). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical method for the measurement of TPA.
Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Thermoplastics:  Styryl-Based Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Polymers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorHybrid Organic−Inorganic Thermoplastics: Styryl-Based Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane PolymersTimothy S. Haddad and Joseph D. LichtenhanView Author Information Hughes STX Corporation, Phillips Laboratory, OLAC PL/RKS Edwards AFB, California 93524, and Propulsion Directorate, Phillips Laboratory, OLAC PL/RKS Edwards AFB, California 93524 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 22, 7302–7304Publication Date (Web):October 21, 1996Publication History Received24 April 1996Revised20 August 1996Published online21 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma960609dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma960609drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2730Altmetric-Citations453LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Hybrid materials,Polymerization,Polymers,Solubility Get e-Alerts
Heat-shock proteins: new keys to the development of cytoprotective therapies (2006)

As molecular chaperones, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) function to limit protein aggregation, facilitate protein refolding and chaperone other proteins. Under conditions of cellular stress, intracellular HSP levels increase in order to provide cellular protection and maintain homeostasis. Evidence exists that the HSP family may be secreted into the circulation via lipid raft-mediated, granule-mediated or exosome-mediated exocytosis in haematopoietic and tumour cells. Extracellular HSPs exert immunomodulatory activities and play an important role in innate immune activation against pathogen infection. Membrane-bound Hsp70 in tumour cells or released chaperone-tumour associated antigen complex represent a target structure for the cytolytic attack by natural killer cells or T lymphocytes. Cellular stresses induce stress granule formation to evade detrimental cellular effects, mediating preconditioning phenotype. Therefore, induction of cellular stress tolerance by preconditioning (e.g., heat shock) might be potential therapeutic targets.
Lasing characteristics of GaAs microresonators (1989)

Lasing characteristics of optically pumped 1.5-μm-diam GaAs-AlAs microresonators are reported. Room-temperature thresholds of 9 pJ were observed. Uniform outputs were obtained from a simultaneously driven 2×2 array.
Transition Metal Based Cationic Molecular Boxes. Self-Assembly of Macrocyclic Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Tetranuclear Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Based Cationic Molecular Boxes. Self-Assembly of Macrocyclic Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Tetranuclear ComplexesPeter J. Stang and Danh H. CaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4981–4982Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2257Altmetric-Citations336LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Classifying Affective States Using Thermal Infrared Imaging of the Human Face (2009)

In this paper, time, frequency, and time-frequency features derived from thermal infrared data are used to discriminate between self-reported affective states of an individual in response to visual stimuli drawn from the International Affective Pictures System. A total of six binary classification tasks were examined to distinguish baseline and affect states. Affect states were determined from subject-reported levels of arousal and valence. Mean adjusted accuracies of 70% to 80% were achieved for the baseline classifications tasks. Classification accuracies between high and low ratings of arousal and valence were between 50% and 60%, respectively. Our analysis showed that facial thermal infrared imaging data of baseline and other affective states may be separable. The results of this study suggest that classification of facial thermal infrared imaging data coupled with affect models can be used to provide information about an individual's affective state for potential use as a passive communication pathway.
Characterization of potentially chemopreventive phenols in extracts of brown rice that inhibit the growth of human breast and colon cancer cells. (2000)

Rice is a staple diet in Asia, where the incidence of breast and colon cancer is markedly below that in the Western world. We investigated potential colon and breast tumor-suppressive properties of rice, testing the hypothesis that rice contains phenols that interfere with the proliferation or colony-forming ability of breast or colon cells. Brown rice, its white milled counterpart, and bran from brown rice were boiled and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight phenols, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, methoxycinnamic acid, and tricin, were identified in the extracts of bran and intact brown rice. These extracts were separated into nine fractions by column chromatography. The effect of bran extract and its fractions at 100 microg/ml on cell viability and colony-forming ability of human-derived breast and colon cell lines was assessed. Bran extract decreased numbers of viable MDA MB 468 and HBL 100 breast cells and colon-derived SW 480 and human colonic epithelial cells as judged by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4 -sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. It also reduced colony formation of SW 480 colon and MDA MB 468 breast cells. Of the eight phenols identified in the brown rice bran, when applied at 50 microM, caffeic acid decreased numbers of all cell types except HBL 100. Tricin, ferulic acid, and methoxycinnamic acid interfered with cell viability in one or more cell lines. Tricin (50 microM) and the other phenols (200 microM) inhibited colony formation of SW 480 cells. Clonogenicity of MDA MB 468 cells was inhibited by caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and tricin (50 microM). Tricin was the most potent anticlonogenic of the compounds with IC50s of 16 microM in the SW 480 colon cells and 0.6 microM in the MDA MB 468 breast cells. The results suggest that: (a) brown rice and bran contain compounds with putative cancer chemopreventive properties; (b) certain phenols contained in brown rice bran, e.g., tricin, may be associated with this activity; and (c) these phenols are present at much lower levels in white than in brown rice. Thus, the consumption of rice bran or brown rice instead of milled white rice may be advantageous with respect to cancer prevention.