gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Structure to the Effectiveness of Denaturing Agents for Proteins (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Relationship of Structure to the Effectiveness of Denaturing Agents for ProteinsJulius A. Gordon and William P. JencksCite this: Biochemistry 1963, 2, 1, 47–57Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00901a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
MR Imaging Findings of Epidemic Enterovirus 71 Encephalitis in Infants and Young Children (2000)

To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of acute neurological complications in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 (VE71) infections.
MRI studies were obtained for 27 or 44 infants and young children who had acute encephalitic symptoms and positive VE71 isolations during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Taiwan from April through December 1998.
Among the 27 patients with a total of 32 MRI studies (including five follow-up scans), 20 had abnormal T2 high-signal lesions in the brain stem and the other 7 were normal. The characteristic features of brain stem encephalitis encompassed myoclonic jerks, tremors, ataxia, cranial nerve palsy and, in seven severe cases, apnea and acute neurogenic cardiopulmonary collapse. Among 25 patients who had MRI during the acute stage of illness, 18 showed high signal T2-swighted lesions in the brain stem and/or upper cervical cord. The brain stem lesions observed of MRI were most commonly at the tegmentum of the pons (18/25, 72%) followed by the medulla oblongata (15/25, 60%) and the midbrain which includes the tegmentum, substantia nigra and superior cerebellar peduncles (11/25, 44%). Abnormal signal intensities were also seen in dentate nuclei (8/25, 32%) and upper cervical cord (6/25, 24%). Follow-up MRI in five patients showed normal findings in four patients who had complete recovery, and brain stem atrophy and T2 high-signal abnormalities in the other who had residual deficits. MRI findings during the chronic stage from two patients with prolonged ventilation who had survived from acute cardiopulmonary collapse showed necrosis of the midbrain, the tegmentum of the pons and the medulla oblongata.
The MRI findings of EV71 brain stem encephalitis are unique. Young children with epidemic hand, foot, and mouth disease complicated with myoclonus, tremor, ataxia, oculomotor palsy or acute cardiopulmonary collapse should raise the suspicion of EV71 infection. MRI is particularly useful in the early detection of the brain stem lesions that may suggest the diagnosis of EV71 infection before the virus can be isolated.
Enhanced electrical conductivity in regioselectively synthesized poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (1992)

A regioselective synthetic method to poly(3-alkylthiophenes) provides structurally homogeneous poly(3-dodecylthiophene), which upon oxidation with I2 leads to polymers with average conductivities of 600 cm–1 and maximum conductivities of 1000 S cm–1.
Functional Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Contractile Smooth Muscle Cells (2008)

Complete transcriptome profiling of contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiated from embryonic stem cells is crucial for the characterization of smooth muscle gene expression signatures and will contribute to defining biological and physiological processes in these cells. We have generated a transgenic embryonic stem cell line expressing both the puromycin acetyl transferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein cassettes under the control of the Acta2 promoter. Applying a specific monolayer culture protocol using retinoic acid, a puromycin-resistant and enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive Acta2(+) SMC population of 95% purity was isolated. Acta2(+) SMCs were characterized by semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR profiling of SMC markers and by microarray expression profiling, as well as by immunostaining for SMC-specific cytoskeletal proteins. Patch-clamp electrophysiological characterization of these cells identified SMC-specific channels such as the ATP-sensitive potassium channel and the Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel. Culturing of Acta2(+) SMCs in serum-containing medium resulted in a significant number of hypertrophic and binucleated cells failing to complete cell division. Functional characterization of the cells has been proved by stimulation of the cells with vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II and endothelin. We concluded that our embryonic stem cell-derived SMC population possesses the contractile and hypertrophic phenotype of SMCs incapable of proliferation. This is the first study describing the complete transcriptome of ES-derived SMCs allowing identification of specific biological and physiological processes in the contractile phenotype SMCs and will contribute to the understanding of these processes in early SMCs derived from embryonic stem cells.
CD8+ T lymphocyte-mediated antiviral immunity in mice as a result of injection of recombinant viral proteins. (1994)

A major portion of the nucleoprotein (amino acids 67 through 300) and the glycoprotein-2 of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus were synthesized by using recombinant technology and were injected together with SDS twice in portions of 5 micrograms into BALB/c mice. As evidenced by diminished replication of LCM challenge virus, both proteins induced antiviral immunity, which was comparable in extent with the immunity caused by infection with LCM vaccinia recombinant viruses. Primed LCM-viral CTLs could not be demonstrated in these mice by culturing splenocytes in the presence of LCM virus, and Abs appeared slowly and in low quantities; but, after injection of large infectious doses, CTLs appeared faster and in higher numbers than in mice not previously treated with viral proteins. Depletion of CD8+ cells, but not of CD4+ cells, by treatment of mice with mAb abolished the antiviral immunity, demonstrating that protection was mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Absence of CD4+ T lymphocytes before and during the period of immunization did not measurably affect the animals' antiviral immune status, indicating that activation of the CD8+ T lymphocytes was not dependent on help by CD4+ cells.
Microbial Origin of Australian Coalbed Methane (1996)

Bituminous coal seam gases from the Permian Sydney and Bowen basins, Australia, are characterized by (1) methane/ethane ratios greater than or equal to 1000, (2) ^dgr13C and ^dgrD values for methane of -60 ±10^pmil PDB and -217 ±17^pmil SMOW, respectively, (3) carbon dioxide contents of less than 5%, and (4) ^dgr13C(CO<2-CH4) values of 55 ±10^pmil PDB. These data suggest that microbial reduction of CO2 rather than traditional thermogenic reactions is mainly responsible for gas composition. Invasions by CO2 of deep-seated external origins are readily recognized by their isotopic compositions (-7 ±2^pmil PDB).
Discovery of Small Molecules that Bind to K‐Ras and Inhibit Sos‐Mediated Activation (2012)

Looking for fragments: A fragment-based screen using NMR spectroscopy was applied to discover ligands that bind to the GTPase K-Ras and modulate the activity of the nucleotide exchange factor Sos. Structural data on how these fragment-derived hits bind to the guanosine diphosphate–K-Ras complex (see picture) provides a starting point for the future discovery of drugs that target K-Ras activation and signaling. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Efficient Electromagnetic Source Imaging With Adaptive Standardized LORETA/FOCUSS (2005)

Functional brain imaging and source localization based on the scalp's potential field require a solution to an ill-posed inverse problem with many solutions. This makes it necessary to incorporate a priori knowledge in order to select a particular solution. A computational challenge for some subject-specific head models is that many inverse algorithms require a comprehensive sampling of the candidate source space at the desired resolution. In this study, we present an algorithm that can accurately reconstruct details of localized source activity from a sparse sampling of the candidate source space. Forward computations are minimized through an adaptive procedure that increases source resolution as the spatial extent is reduced. With this algorithm, we were able to compute inverses using only 6% to 11% of the full resolution lead-field, with a localization accuracy that was not significantly different than an exhaustive search through a fully-sampled source space. The technique is, therefore, applicable for use with anatomically-realistic, subject-specific forward models for applications with spatially concentrated source activity.
A Novel Role for Interleukin-27 (IL-27) as Mediator of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Protection Mediated via Differential Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Protein Signaling and Induction of Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Proteins (2011)

The role of the Th17 cell inhibiting cytokine IL-27 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is contradictory. Its effects on the intestinal barrier have so far not been investigated, which was the aim of this study. We show that intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) express both IL-27 receptor subunits IL-27RA and gp130. The IL-27 receptor expression is up-regulated in intestinal inflammation and during bacterial infection. IL-27 activates ERK and p38 MAPKs as well as Akt, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 in IEC. IL-27 significantly enhances cell proliferation and IEC restitution. These functions of IL-27 are dependent on the activation of STAT3 and STAT6 signaling pathways. As analyzed by microarray, IL-27 modulates the expression of 428 target genes in IEC (316 up and 112 down; p<0.05). IL-27 as well as its main target genes are up-regulated in colonic tissue and IEC isolated from mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The IL-27-induced expression of the anti-bacterial gene deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) is mediated by p38 and STAT3 signaling, whereas the activation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial gene indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is dependent on STAT1 signal transduction. IL-27-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzymatic activity leads to growth inhibition of intestinal bacteria by causing local tryptophan depletion. For the first time, we characterize IL-27 as a mediator of intestinal epithelial barrier protection mediated via transcriptional activation of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial target genes.
Cellular Microarrays for Chemical Sensing (2003)

The broad-spectrum sensitivity of cell-based biosensors offers the capability for detecting known and unknown chemical/biological agents. One cellular parameter that is often measured is the extracellular potential of electrically active cells. Membrane excitability in osteoblasts plays a key role in modulating the electrical activity in the presence of chemical agents. However, the complexity of this signal makes interpretation of the cellular response to a chemical agent difficult to determine. By analyzing shifts in the signal's power spectrum, it is possible to determine a frequency spectrum also known as the signature pattern vector (SPV) which is specific to a chemical. It is also essential to characterize single cell sensitivity and response time for specific chemical agents for developing detect-to-warn biosensors. To determine the real time sensing capability of single osteoblast sensors, multichemical sensing, also termed cascaded sensing, is performed and the performance of the sensor is evaluated. A system is described for the measurement of extracellular potentials from cells isolated onto planar microelectrode arrays. We used a 4x4 multiple microelectrode array system to spatially position osteoblast cells, by using a gradient AC field. Fast fourier transformation (FFT) and wavelet transformation (WT) analyses were used to extract information pertaining to the frequency of firing from the extracellular potential. Quantitative dose response curves and response times were also obtained with the cultured single cell systems using local time domain characterization techniques. Future applications of this technique are also discussed.
Memristor-based arithmetic units (2017)

The modern computer architecture community is continually pushing the limits of performance, speed, and efficiency. Recently, the ability to satisfy this endeavor with popular CMOS technology has proved difficult, and in many settings, impossible. The community has begun to explore alternatives to standard practices, researching new components such as nanoscale structures. Additional research has applied these new components and their characteristics to rethink the architecture of the latest technology, moving away from the Von Neumann architecture. A leading technology in this effort is the memristor. Memristors are a new class of circuit elements that have the ability to change their resistance value while retaining knowledge of their current and past resistances. Their small form factor, high density, and fast switching times have sparked research in their applications in modern memory hierarchies. However, their utility in arithmetic has been minimally explored. This dissertation describes the prior work in the exploration of memristor technology, fabrication, modeling, and application, followed by the completed research performed in the design and implementation of arithmetic units using memristors. Implementations of popular adders, multipliers, and dividers in the context of memristors are designed using four approaches: IMPLY, hybrid-CMOS, threshold gates, and MAD gates. Each of these approaches has different tradeoffs and benefits for memristor-based design. Although the first three approaches have been defined in prior work, MAD gates are a novel application for memristors proposed that offer lower power, area, and delay as compared to prior approaches. This work explores these benefits for arithmetic unit design. The details of each designs, simulation results, and analyses in terms of complexity and delay and power are presented. For arithmetic units which have been designed or presented in prior work, this research improves upon the design in each metric. Many of the designs are transformed and pipelined to leverage memristor characteristics and the various approaches rather than traditional CMOS and this is discussed in detail. Overall, the proposed designs offer significant improvements to traditional CMOS designs, motivating the effort to continue exploring memristors and their application to modern computer architecture design.
Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Congenital Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts are Characterized by Inflammation Involving Endothelial Cell Activation and Platelet-mediated Inflammation (2009)

Children and adolescents with pulmonary hypertension related to congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts are characterized by enhanced systemic inflammation involving increased endothelial cell activation and platelet-mediated inflammation. These inflammatory responses seem essentially to be unmodified by bosentan, potentially representing new targets for therapy in this disorder.
Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands (1996)

In order to achieve genetic rearrangement in a sexual cycle, eukaryotes go through the processes of meiosis and mating. Different mating types assure that mating is only possible between two genetically diverse individuals. Basidiomycetous fungi display thousands of different mating types that are determined by two genetically unlinked loci. One locus is multiallelic and contains genes for homeodomain transcription factors which are able to form heterodimers. The activation of target genes is dependent on heterodimers formed from the monomeric transcription factor proteins originating from different alleles of this genetic locus. The interactions between the two monomeric transcription factors and the activation of target genes by the heterodimeric proteins make this regulatory system both complex and interesting. The second locus contains a pheromone receptor system: the pheromone receptor is similar to the G protein-linked serpentine receptors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that activate the pheromone response via a phosphorylation signal transduction cascade in S. cerevisiae. This pheromone perception is a trigger of sexual development and not, as with yeast, itself under control of mating type genes. Rather it directly senses diversity at the mating type loci. Whereas heterobasidiomycetes display a bi-allelic structure for this locus with recognition between one receptor and the opposite pheromone, homobasidiomycetes contain multiple specificities for pheromone receptors and pheromones.
Weekly paclitaxel in Japanese women with metastatic or advanced breast cancer (2006)

10702 Background: Weekly administration of paclitaxel (WP) has been reported to be at least as well-tolerated and effective as conventional tri-weekly treatment (TP). The present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel treatment for japanese women with metastatic or advanced breast cancer. Methods: Eligibility criteria included &lt; 75 years of age, histologically-proven advanced or recurrent breast cancer, and performance status (PS) of 0 to 2. Patients were scheduled to receive at least one course of paclitaxel 100 mg/m 2 /week for 6 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week off. The present WP results were compared with the previous TP data generated by the same trial group in Japan. In the TP group, paclitaxel 210 mg/m 2 was given every 3 weeks up to 3 cycles or more until tumor progression or severe toxicity was observed. Results: From December 2002 to July 2005, 69 patients were enrolled into the study of WP and 68 were eligible for evaluation. All were previously treated, and 51 of 69 patients (73.9%) had received anthracyclines prior to this study. The median age was 55 years (range 27–74), and 66 patients (95.7%) had PS of 0–1. Sixty nine patients have been analyzed for efficacy and toxicity by the evaluation committee. The median dose intensity was 81.25 mg/m 2 per week. In total, 270 courses of WP were administered (median 3 courses; range 1–13). Three patients entered into complete remission (CR) and 28 achieved partial response (PR) by the WHO response criteria with a response rate (RR) of 44.9%, which is similar to RR in the historical TP group (RR of 33.9% in 62 Patients). Median duration of response was 238 days (range 91–631). Time to progression was 193 days. It is of note that grade 3–4 neutropenia was observed less frequently in WP as compared with TP (37.7 vs. 93.3%). Other major toxicities including peripheral neuropathy (PNP) appear to be similar between the two regimens through all toxicity grades of PNP (WP and TP group; 89.9% and 93.3%, respectively). Conclusion: WP appears to have similar or better efficacy with better toxicity profile as TP in patients with metastatic or advanced breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genetic Variation in Platinating Agent and Taxane Pathway Genes as Predictors of Outcome and Toxicity in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2014)

Our study evaluated and identified SNPs in key candidate genes in platinating agent and taxane pathways associated with outcome and toxicity in advanced NSCLC. If validated in large prospective studies, these findings might provide opportunities to personalize therapeutic strategies.
Balloon-expandable intravascular stent (1988)

+ Affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.
cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30–monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity (2003)

The chimeric monoclonal antibody cAC10, directed against CD30, induces growth arrest of CD30+ cell lines in vitro and has pronounced antitumor activity in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft models of Hodgkin disease. We have significantly enhanced these activities by conjugating to cAC10 the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to create the antibody-drug conjugate cAC10-vcMMAE. MMAE, a derivative of the cytotoxic tubulin modifier auristatin E, was covalently coupled to cAC10 through a valine-citrulline peptide linker. The drug was stably attached to the antibody, showing only a 2% release of MMAE following 10-day incubation in human plasma, but it was readily cleaved by lysosomal proteases after receptor-mediated internalization. Release of MMAE into the cytosol induced G2/M-phase growth arrest and cell death through the induction of apoptosis. In vitro, cAC10-vcMMAE was highly potent and selective against CD30+ tumor lines (IC50 less than 10 ng/mL) but was more than 300-fold less active on antigen-negative cells. In SCID mouse xenograft models of anaplastic large cell lymphoma or Hodgkin disease, cAC10-vcMMAE was efficacious at doses as low as 1 mg/kg. Mice treated at 30 mg/kg cAC10-vcMMAE showed no signs of toxicity. These data indicate that cAC10-vcMMAE may be a highly effective and selective therapy for the treatment of CD30+ neoplasias.