gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The computation of optical flow (1995)

Two-dimensional image motion is the projection of the three-dimensional motion of objects, relative to a visual sensor, onto its image plane. Sequences of time-orderedimages allow the estimation of projected two-dimensional image motion as either instantaneous image velocities or discrete image displacements. These are usually called the optical flow field or the image velocity field . Provided that optical flow is a reliable approximation to two-dimensional image motion, it may then be used to recover the three-dimensional motion of the visual sensor (to within a scale factor) and the three-dimensional surface structure (shape or relative depth) through assumptions concerning the structure of the optical flow field, the three-dimensional environment, and the motion of the sensor. Optical flow may also be used to perform motion detection, object segmentation, time-to-collision and focus of expansion calculations, motion compensated encoding, and stereo disparity measurement. We investigate the computation of optical flow in this survey: widely known methods for estimating optical flow are classified and examined by scrutinizing the hypothesis and assumptions they use. The survey concludes with a discussion of current research issues.
Performance and design considerations for mobile mesh networks (2002)

Future networks will require a functionality that supports timely access to relevant data, voice and image information irrespective of the users' location and access to fixed facilities. This paper summarizes the results of our research on mobile mesh network (mmNET) system requirements necessary to support nomadic users engaged in distributed computing and information distribution. Our model of the mmNET consists of a set of low-power, radio frequency (RF) transceivers that move relative to each other across a geographical area subject to RF propagation impairments. The low power defines a radio coverage area that limits the number of neighbors but optimizes the throughput per unit area. The combination of low power and propagation environment, however, produces a network characterized by stochastic link failures. The rapidity of these failures and the perturbations to the network topology places severe constraints on the network management policies. We model the progression of user services from a highly reliable, static network environment to one characterized by chaotic connectivity. The basic premise of this view of a mmNET is that host mobility may place the subscriber in a situation that prevents a priori knowledge of any predetermined location. The impact of adaptive (e.g., "smart") antennas on the system capabilities is discussed. Meeting subscriber requirement across this diverse range of scenarios demands a robust, flexible information transport approach to deliver all the required information.
Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin Combintion Treatment of Advanced Non - Small Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

Objective To evaluate the curative and side effects of vinorelbine (NVB) plus cisplation (DDP) on advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . Methods A total of 110 caes with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in study. All the patients were received NVB 25 - 30mg/ m2 d_1 and d_8 and DDP 50mg/m~2 d_2 and d_3 every 3 - 4 weeks. The whole course of treatment consisted of at least 2 cycles. Results The response and the clinical beneficial rates (CBR) were 35.24% and 78.09% respectively.The response rate in the first treated patients was 41.06% which was significantly higher than that (18.25%) in the retreated patients ( P 0.05) .The CBR in the first treated patients was 79.49% which was insignificantly different from that (74.07%) in the retreated patients ( P 0.05). The median time of remission and median survival time.and 1 year survival rate were 20 weeks,38 weeks and 32.73% respectively. The major toxicities included nausea/vomiting, neutropenia.constipation, phlebitis and peripheral neuritis. Conclusions NVB plus DDP is a safe, effective and well - tolerated regimen in the patients with advance NSCLC. The regimen may be the first chemotherapy selection in the patients with advanced NSCLC.
The normal Lactobacillus flora of healthy human rectal and oral mucosa (1998)

The Lactobacillus flora of the rectal and oral mucosa was sampled from 42 healthy volunteers. Species identification was carried out by numerically comparing API 50CH fermentation patterns with type strains, using an SJ-similarity cut-off level of 79%. For the largest groups, identity was further confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridizations against the type strain of the species. Seventeen lactobacilli clusters were defined, of which most were found both on rectal and oral mucosa. The largest taxa were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lact. rhamnosus and Lact. paracasei ssp. paracasei, which were isolated from 52%, 26% and 17% of the individuals, respectively. Most isolates were tested for their capacity to adhere to the human colonic cell line HT-29 in the absence and presence of methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. Mannose-sensitive adherence to HT-29 cells was encountered in two-thirds of the Lact. plantarum isolates, but infrequently among isolates of other taxa. The results suggest that Lact. plantarum is a major colonizer of the human gastrointestinal mucosa, and that its capacity to adhere to mannose-containing receptors may be of some ecological importance.
Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta differ in their capacities to generate interleukin 1 release from human endothelial cells. (1987)

The capacity of the tumor necrosis factors, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, products of activated macrophages and lymphocytes, respectively, to stimulate interleukin 1 (IL-1) release from endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins was examined in vitro. Recombinant TNF-alpha caused IL-1 release by 4 hr with maximal levels of 17 U/ml by 24 hr; half-maximal stimulation occurred at approximately 80 pM. In contrast, recombinant TNF-beta was a relatively poor stimulus for IL-1 release. Even at concentrations as high as 600 pM, only 3 U of IL-1/ml were recovered; maximal IL-1 release (10 to 12 U/ml) required up to 5 nM TNF-beta. Natural, glycosated human TNF-beta was comparable in activity to recombinant TNF-beta. TNF-beta did not directly inhibit the IL-1 comitogenesis assay, nor was there evidence that TNF-beta induced the release of an IL-1 inhibitor, in that supernatants generated in the presence of TNF-beta did not inhibit thymocyte proliferation to a recombinant IL-1 standard. Binding of the recombinant TNF to endothelial monolayers was assessed by using [125I]TNF-alpha in competition studies with cold TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. Binding of TNF-alpha was half-maximal at 80 pM with an average of 664 receptors/cell and Kd = 0.043 nM. Although TNF-beta was capable of fully competing for [125I]TNF-alpha binding, half-maximal binding occurred at 800 pM TNF-beta. These data suggest that the TNF receptors on human endothelial cells may reflect the structural differences between these two homologous cytokines.
An Educational Project to Improve Knowledge Related to Pulse Oximetry (2002)

This educational project improved staff members' knowledge of pulse oximetry monitoring.
Three-year follow-up of treatment-naïve and previously treated patients with CLL and SLL receiving single-agent ibrutinib (2015)

Ibrutinib is an orally administered inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase that antagonizes B-cell receptor, chemokine, and integrin-mediated signaling. In early-phase studies, ibrutinib demonstrated high response rates and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The durable responses observed with ibrutinib relate in part to a modest toxicity profile that allows the majority of patients to receive continuous therapy for an extended period. We report on median 3-year follow-up of 132 patients with symptomatic treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Longer treatment with ibrutinib was associated with improvement in response quality over time and durable remissions. Toxicity with longer follow-up diminished with respect to occurrence of grade 3 or greater cytopenias, fatigue, and infections. Progression remains uncommon, occurring primarily in some patients with relapsed del(17)(p13.1) and/or del(11)(q22.3) disease. Treatment-related lymphocytosis remains largely asymptomatic even when persisting >1 year and does not appear to alter longer-term PFS and overall survival compared with patients with partial response or better. Collectively, these data provide evidence that ibrutinib controls CLL disease manifestations and is well tolerated for an extended period; this information can help direct potential treatment options for different subgroups to diminish the long-term risk of relapse.
Coating carbon nanotubes with colloidal nanocrystals by combining an electrospray technique with directed assembly using an electrostatic field (2008)

A simple method that combines an electrospray technique with directed assembly using an electrostatic field was used for decorating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanocrystals. Colloidal CdSe and Au nanocrystals were electrosprayed and assembled onto random CNTs and vertically aligned CNTs in a controlled manner. The high level of electrical charge on the electrosprayed aerosol nanocrystals was responsible for the assembly. The technique can be used to assemble various compositions of nanomaterials onto different substrates and provides a versatile route for producing novel hybrid nanostructures.
Strategies for manipulating apoptosis for cancer therapy with tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin (1996)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT), initially described as tumoricidal proteins, may be useful as adjuncts in cancer therapy. Treatment with TNF or LT was found to protect cells and animals against damage mediated by radiation or cytotoxic anticancer drugs. By contrast, tumor cells treated with TNF or LT were sensitized to these insults. We present a model in which TNF or LT induces both the synthesis of "protective" proteins such as manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and the activation of "killing" proteins, such as proteases, depending on the level of the inducing signal. Although the p55-TNF/LT receptor is structurally related to the Fas receptor, they can each signal apoptosis by distinct pathways. Furthermore, activation of both receptors acts synergistically in stimulating apoptosis.
A Biocompatible in Vivo Ligation Reaction and Its Application for Noninvasive Bioluminescent Imaging of Protease Activity in Living Mice (2013)

The discovery of biocompatible reactions had a tremendous impact on chemical biology, allowing the study of numerous biological processes directly in complex systems. However, despite the fact that multiple biocompatible reactions have been developed in the past decade, very few work well in living mice. Here we report that D-cysteine and 2-cyanobenzothiazoles can selectively react with each other in vivo to generate a luciferin substrate for firefly luciferase. The success of this "split luciferin" ligation reaction has important implications for both in vivo imaging and biocompatible labeling strategies. First, the production of a luciferin substrate can be visualized in a live mouse by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and furthermore allows interrogation of targeted tissues using a "caged" luciferin approach. We therefore applied this reaction to the real-time noninvasive imaging of apoptosis associated with caspase 3/7. Caspase-dependent release of free D-cysteine from the caspase 3/7 peptide substrate Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-D-Cys (DEVD-(D-Cys)) allowed selective reaction with 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole (NH(2)-CBT) in vivo to form 6-amino-D-luciferin with subsequent light emission from luciferase. Importantly, this strategy was found to be superior to the commercially available DEVD-aminoluciferin substrate for imaging of caspase 3/7 activity. Moreover, the split luciferin approach enables the modular construction of bioluminogenic sensors, where either or both reaction partners could be caged to report on multiple biological events. Lastly, the luciferin ligation reaction is 3 orders of magnitude faster than Staudinger ligation, suggesting further applications for both bioluminescence and specific molecular targeting in vivo.
A wire-delay scalable microprocessor architecture for high performance systems (2003)

This scalable processor architecture consists of chained ALUs to minimize the physical distance between dependent instructions, thus mitigating the effect of long on-chip wire delays. Simulation studies demonstrate 1.3-15/spl times/ more instructions per clock than conventional superscalar architectures.
Raf: A Strategic Target for Therapeutic Development Against Cancer (2005)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in transmitting proliferative signals generated by cell surface receptors and cytoplasmic signaling elements to the nucleus. Several important signaling elements of the MAPK pathway, particularly Ras and Raf, are encoded by oncogenes, and as such, their structures and functions can be modified, rendering them constitutively active. Because the MAPK pathway is dysregulated in a notable proportion of human malignancies, many of its aberrant and critical components represent strategic targets for therapeutic development against cancer. Raf, which is an essential serine/threonine kinase constituent of the MAPK pathway and a downstream effector of the central signal transduction mediator Ras, is activated in a wide range of human malignancies by aberrant signaling upstream of the protein (eg, growth factor receptors and mutant Ras) and activating mutations of the protein itself, both of which confer a proliferative advantage. Three isoforms of Raf have been identified, and therapeutics targeting Raf, including small-molecule inhibitors and antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ASON), are undergoing clinical evaluation. The outcomes of these investigations may have far-reaching implications in the management of many types of human cancer. This review outlines the structure and diverse functions of Raf, the rationale for targeting Raf as a therapeutic strategy against cancer, and the present status of various therapeutic approaches including ASONs and small molecules, particularly sorafenib (BAY 43-9006).
Decalcification of the aortic valve does not prevent early recalcification. (2000)

Aortic valve decalcification can effectively remove calcifications, but leaves a fibrillar structure that tends rapidly to accumulate calcium. Even normal-appearing tissue from diseased valves has a higher potential for calcification than normal valvular tissue. These data support the observation of only limited clinical benefits being derived after aortic valve decalcification for aortic stenosis.
Heat Losses During Flow of Steam Down a Wellbore (1965)

Abstract Studies of wellbore, heat transmission during the injection of a hot fluid, as either gas or liquid, have appeared in the literature. The present investigation takes into account the effect of condensation, which is of practical significance when considering steam injection operations. Calculation procedures are given for superheated and for saturated and undersaturated steam. Effects of injection rate, time, pressure, temperature and depth of a well on heat losses have been analyzed. The benefits of using a packer are discussed. Also presented are correlations for estimating heat losses involved during injection of saturated steam. Introduction Studies of wellbore heat losses during the injection of a hot fluid have appeared in the literature. Ramey has presented a useful solution for calculating temperature of a heated gas as a function of depth and injection time. Ramey and others have also presented solutions for the hot liquid case. No method is available to take into account the effect of condensation, which is of practical significance when considering steam injection operations. This paper presents a method of estimating the quality of a condensing fluid as a function of depth and time. The approach is basically the same as that used by Ramey. The following injected fluids and conditions are considered in this study:Injection of superheated steamA. Decrease in temperature until cooled to thesaturated stateB. Condensation until condensed completely into hot(saturated) waterInjection of saturated or undersaturated steam;condensation until condensed completely into hot(saturated) water. Although this investigation does not include cooling of water after steam is completely condensed, Ramey's solution for the hot liquid case can be used for this purpose. The effects of various process variables on heat losses during the injection of steam into a well are investigated. THEORY QUALITY OF CONDENSING STEAM Predicting the behavior of condensing steam flowing down the injection wellbore requires an estimate of the quality of steam, i.e., the mass fraction of vapor in the mixture. Let us divide the total depth of the injection well into several segments which might be, but do not have to be, of equal magnitude. Consider condensation within a given depth interval AZ, the bottom of which is located at a depth Z from the surface (Fig 1). The following equation, derived in the Appendix, relates the quality of steam at the bottom of an interval to that at the top of the interval: (1) (2) (3) See the nomenclature for symbol definitions. The major assumptions made in the solution are is follows:Steam is injected at a constant rate, wellheadpressure, temperature and quality.A down-hole packer is used to prevent steam from entering the tubing-casing annulus. The annulus is assumed to be filled with air at low pressure. JPT P. 845ˆ
From cellular lysis to microarray detection, an integrated thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) point of care Lab on a Disc (2014)

We present an all-thermoplastic integrated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic Lab-on-Disc system (LoD) for nucleic acid analysis. The proposed CD system and engineered platform were employed for analysis of Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores. The complete assay comprised cellular lysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, amplicon digestion, and microarray hybridization on a plastic support. The fluidic robustness and operating efficiency of the assay were ensured through analytical optimization of microfluidic tools enabling beneficial implementation of capillary valves and accurate control of all flow timing procedures. The assay reliability was further improved through the development of two novel microfluidic strategies for reagents mixing and flow delay on the CD platform. In order to bridge the gap between the proof-of-concept LoD and production prototype demonstration, low-cost thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) was selected as the material for CD fabrication and assembly, allowing the use of both, high quality hot-embossing and injection molding processes. Additionally, the low-temperature and pressure-free assembly and bonding properties of TPE material offer a pertinent solution for simple and efficient loading and storage of reagents and other on-board components. This feature was demonstrated through integration and conditioning of microbeads, magnetic discs, dried DNA buffer reagents and spotted DNA array inserts. Furthermore, all microfluidic functions and plastic parts were designed according to the current injection mold-making knowledge for industrialization purposes. Therefore, the current work highlights a seamless strategy that promotes a feasible path for the transfer from prototype toward realistic industrialization. This work aims to establish the full potential for TPE-based centrifugal system as a mainstream microfluidic diagnostic platform for clinical diagnosis, water and food safety, and other molecular diagnostic applications.
Total cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with the development of new bone marrow lesions in asymptomatic middle-aged women - a prospective cohort study (2009)

In this study of asymptomatic middle-aged women with no clinical knee OA, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were associated with the incidence of BMLs over 2 years. This provides support for the hypothesis that vascular pathology may have a role in the pathogenesis of knee OA. Further work is warranted to clarify this and whether treatments aimed at reducing serum lipids may have a role in reducing the burden of knee OA.
Efficient Fluorescence Enhancement and Cooperative Binding of an Organic Dye in a Supra‐biomolecular Host–Protein Assembly (2007)

A factor of 300 enhancement in fluorescence and increased binding is observed when the triphenylmethane dye Brilliant Green binds to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of the macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) as a supramolecular “enhancer” (see picture). Thus, a cumulative (multiplicative) fluorescence enhancement occurs compared to the effects observed in the presence of CB7 alone (factor of 6) or BSA alone (factor of 45).
Immune Inhibitory Molecules LAG-3 and PD-1 Synergistically Regulate T-cell Function to Promote Tumoral Immune Escape (2011)

Inhibitory receptors on immune cells are pivotal regulators of immune escape in cancer. Among these inhibitory receptors, CTLA-4 (targeted clinically by ipilimumab) serves as a dominant off-switch while other receptors such as PD-1 and LAG-3 seem to serve more subtle rheostat functions. However, the extent of synergy and cooperative interactions between inhibitory pathways in cancer remain largely unexplored. Here, we reveal extensive coexpression of PD-1 and LAG-3 on tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in three distinct transplantable tumors. Dual anti-LAG-3/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment cured most mice of established tumors that were largely resistant to single antibody treatment. Despite minimal immunopathologic sequelae in PD-1 and LAG-3 single knockout mice, dual knockout mice abrogated self-tolerance with resultant autoimmune infiltrates in multiple organs, leading to eventual lethality. However, Lag3(-/-)Pdcd1(-/-) mice showed markedly increased survival from and clearance of multiple transplantable tumors. Together, these results define a strong synergy between the PD-1 and LAG-3 inhibitory pathways in tolerance to both self and tumor antigens. In addition, they argue strongly that dual blockade of these molecules represents a promising combinatorial strategy for cancer.
Multiple spatially distinct types of facultative heterochromatin on the human inactive X chromosome (2004)

Heterochromatin is defined classically by condensation throughout the cell cycle, replication in late S phase and gene inactivity. Facultative heterochromatin is of particular interest, because its formation is developmentally regulated as a result of cellular differentiation. The most extensive example of facultative heterochromatin is the mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi). A variety of histone variants and covalent histone modifications have been implicated in defining the organization of the Xi heterochromatic state, and the features of Xi heterochromatin have been widely interpreted as reflecting a redundant system of gene silencing. However, here we demonstrate that the human Xi is packaged into at least two nonoverlapping heterochromatin types, each characterized by specific Xi features: one defined by the presence of Xi-specific transcript RNA, the histone variant macroH2A, and histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 and the other defined by H3 trimethylated at lysine 9, heterochromatin protein 1, and histone H4 trimethylated at lysine 20. Furthermore, regions of the Xi packaged in different heterochromatin types are characterized by different patterns of replication in late S phase. The arrangement of facultative heterochromatin into spatially and temporally distinct domains has implications for both the establishment and maintenance of the Xi and adds a previously unsuspected degree of epigenetic complexity.