gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCREASED MORTALITY AND ALTERED IMMUNITY IN NEONATAL SEPSIS PRODUCED BY GENERALIZED PERITONITIS (2007)

Neonates have a higher prevalence of bacterial sepsis and have greater morbidity and mortality from sepsis than other infants and children. Our understanding of the inflammatory and immunological responses to sepsis is hampered by the lack of appropriate neonatal murine models. In the present report, we have developed a cecal slurry model of generalized peritonitis in neonatal mice (age range, 5-7 days) and compared the outcome and the innate and adaptive cellular responses of these animals with those of the young adult animals (age range, 7-10 weeks) with sepsis induced either by cecal slurry administration or by cecal ligation and puncture. Neonatal mice were more susceptible to sepsis and mounted a markedly attenuated systemic inflammatory response compared with young adult animals (specifically, decreased plasma interferon gamma; interleukins 1alpha and 1beta; regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES); and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations). Compared with young adult animals, septic neonatal mice did not lose significant percentage or absolute number of splenic CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that the cecal slurry model of generalized peritonitis can produce sepsis in neonatal mice with dose-dependent lethality. Inherent differences in the host response to polymicrobial sepsis between neonatal and young adult animals may explain the increased sensitivity of the neonatal mouse to generalized peritonitis.
Different denaturation rates between methylated and non-methylated genomic DNA can result in allele-specific PCR amplification (2011)

We analysed a DNA sample from a father and child who were both heterozygous for a 7 base pair insertion in the MEST gene differentially-methylated promoter region, previously shown by PCR analysis of bisulphite-treated DNA to be on the methylated allele in the unaffected father and the unmethylated allele in the affected child. PCR from genomic DNA was then carried out using a commercial PCR kit with its recommended initial DNA denaturation step of 2 minutes. Subsequent sequence analysis showed that only the non-methylated allele had been amplified, the father appearing to be homozygous normal and the child appearing to have a homozygous 7 b.p. insertion. The PCR protocol was then modified in order to use a longer DNA denaturation stage prior to the addition of the polymerase enzyme. Upon doing so, both the methylated and non-methylated alleles were then identifiable by sequencing with the mutation appearing in its expected heterozygous form. These results highlight the fact that the methylation status of DNA can affect the denaturation rate prior to PCR and result in allele drop-out, showing that the standard protocols of commercial kits should be used with caution when working with methylated regions of DNA.
Initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on antigen production in the local lymph node, not the lungs (2007)

The onset of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is delayed compared with that of other infections or immunization, and allows the bacterial population in the lungs to expand markedly during the preimmune phase of infection. We used adoptive transfer of M. tuberculosis Ag85B-specific CD4(+) T cells to determine that the delayed adaptive response is caused by a delay in initial activation of CD4(+) T cells, which occurs earliest in the local lung-draining mediastinal lymph node. We also found that initial activation of Ag85B-specific T cells depends on production of antigen by bacteria in the lymph node, despite the presence of 100-fold more bacteria in the lungs. Although dendritic cells have been found to transport M. tuberculosis from the lungs to the local lymph node, airway administration of LPS did not accelerate transport of bacteria to the lymph node and did not accelerate activation of Ag85B-specific T cells. These results indicate that delayed initial activation of CD4(+) T cells in tuberculosis is caused by the presence of the bacteria in a compartment that cannot be mobilized from the lungs to the lymph node, where initial T cell activation occurs.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a novel inhibitor of T-cell proliferation (2003)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lysosphingophospholipid stored and secreted by platelets. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analyses, we determined the expression of S1P receptors (S1P1, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5) in peripheral blood T cells. T cells were induced to proliferate in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin, anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and allogeneic immature or mature dendritic cells. This activity was inhibited by the addition of S1P. Enhanced T-cell proliferation was observed when these cells were stimulated with the same stimuli, but were incubated in serum-free media (SFM). Addition of S1P to SFM inhibited the stimulation of T cells induced by T-cell stimuli, suggesting that S1P is an important inhibitory molecule present in the serum. T-cell proliferation was also inhibited by the addition of dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (DHS1P), sphingosine, and ceramide; however, the latter 2 sphingolipids required higher concentrations than S1P. Pretreatment of T cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) blocked the inhibitory effect of S1P on activation with PMA plus ionomycin, but not on activation with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. This is corroborated with the down-regulation of S1P1 in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. Similarly, PTX did not affect the inhibitory effect of S1P on T-cell proliferation when dendritic cells were used as stimuli. Further, S1P or DHS1P but not ceramide or sphingosine enhanced rather than decreased secretion of interleukin 2 and interferon gamma by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. These results show differential effects of S1P on polyclonal T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion.
Reconstitution of tracheal grafts with a genetically modified epithelium. (1991)

A rational approach to the development of gene therapies for cystic fibrosis requires a better understanding of the cellular targets for gene transfer in the airway epithelium. We have used recombinant retroviruses to study the dynamics and lineage relationships of a regenerating rat tracheal epithelium. Primary cultures of tracheal epithelial cells were exposed to lacZ-transducing retroviruses and subsequently seeded into denuded trachea that were implanted into BALB/c (nu/nu) mice. The grafts developed a fully differentiated mucociliary epithelium containing large clones of lacZ-expressing cells with virtually all cell types represented within each clone. These data are most consistent with gene transfer into a putative progenitor cell that is capable of extensive self renewal and pleuripotent development. Vector-specific variation in transgene expression was noted in the various cell types.
México, candidato al cambio estructural en el marco de la transformación global (1989)

La propuesta de un enfoque riguroso del cambio estructural en la economia, dentro del marco de su transformacion global, ha sido la intencion de la autora en este trabajo, su tercer libro consagrado al estudio de problemas economicos. Aqui asume que el contenido de las transformaciones mundiales no es otro que el rapido desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas y la consecuente reactivacion de los mercados, lo que teoricamente no dejaria fuera el mercado de trabajo en general y el industrial en particular. El cambio estructural en Mexico, sin embargo, se define en medios oficiales con politicas mas indispensables para el objetivo pragmatico y razonable, de captacion de divisas en el contexto de una aplicacion severa de condiciones acordadas con el Fondo Monetario Internacional para un ajuste estructural, ya que las inversiones necesarias para el desarrollo y reactivacion de los mercados son impensables sin esta condicion. Un cuidadoso analisis de los indicadores pertinentes permite arribar a un diagnostico que debe conocerse, ya que no resulta del todo favorable para hacer residir el cambio estructural en una reactivacion de todos los mercados, incluidos el interno y el de trabajo.
Predicting the Evolution of Human Influenza A (1999)

Eighteen codons in the HA1 domain of the hemagglutinin genes of human influenza A subtype H3 appear to be under positive selection to change the amino acid they encode. Retrospective tests show that viral lineages undergoing the greatest number of mutations in the positively selected codons were the progenitors of future H3 lineages in 9 of 11 recent influenza seasons. Codons under positive selection were associated with antibody combining site A or B or the sialic acid receptor binding site. However, not all codons in these sites had predictive value. Monitoring new H3 isolates for additional changes in positively selected codons might help identify the most fit extant viral strains that arise during antigenic drift.
The inheritance of grain hardness in wheat as measured by the particle size index (1965)

The difference in particle size index between a hard wheat (Falcon) and a soft wheat (Heron) is shown to be due to a single major gene. Tests of F2 populations of seven other crosses between hard and soft wheats indicate that this is not uncommon. The existence of minor genes which modify the action of the major gene in determining the hardness or softness of wheat grain is also demonstrated. In at least one case (Spica) a different level of hardness appears to be due to a different major gene from that found in Falcon and not to modifying genes. The conversion of a hard wheat to a soft wheat or vice versa can be achieved by backcrossing. The grain hardness of the new wheat will be influenced both by the hardness of the donor parent and by the degree to which modifying genes are carried over. This demonstration of the simple inheritance of grain hardness as measured by particle size index is of significance to wheat improvement programmes.
Semantic similarity methods in wordNet and their application to information retrieval on the web (2005)

Semantic Similarity relates to computing the similarity between concepts which are not lexicographically similar. We investigate approaches to computing semantic similarity by mapping terms (concepts) to an ontology and by examining their relationships in that ontology. Some of the most popular semantic similarity methods are implemented and evaluated using WordNet as the underlying reference ontology. Building upon the idea of semantic similarity, a novel information retrieval method is also proposed. This method is capable of detecting similarities between documents containing semantically similar but not necessarily lexicographically similar terms. The proposed method has been evaluated in retrieval of images and documents on the Web. The experimental results demonstrated very promising performance improvements over state-of-the-art information retrieval methods.
Novel Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Agents. 5. Hydroxyl versus Benzyloxy Containing Chroman Derivatives (1999)

Several thiazolidinediones having chroman moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their euglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Some of the analogues having an aminoalkyl group as a linker between the chroman ring and 4-[5-(2,4-dioxo-1, 3-thiazolidinyl)methyl]phenoxy moiety seem to be better than troglitazone. In vitro transactivation assays of PPARgamma have been carried out with these glitazones to understand their molecular mechanism. For the first time we have found that some of the unsaturated thiazolidinediones are superior to their saturated counterpart in the in vivo assay. A more potent thiazolidinedione analogue than troglitazone is reported. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that protection of the OH group in the chroman moiety leads to a decrease in metabolism, thereby resulting in a superior pharmacological profile.
Monoclonality and surface lesion-specific microsatellite alterations in premalignant and malignant neoplasia of uterine cervix: a local field effect of genomic instability and clonal evolution (1999)

Invasive squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (CC) arises from sequential progression of low-grade (L) and high-grade (H) squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). In clinical observations, these lesions are frequently found as synchronous multiple foci. The nature and evolutionary mechanism of these lesions are largely unknown. We have performed allelotyping of three 3p markers (at 3p14, 3p22-24, and 3p25) on 22 LSILs and 15 HSILs microdissected from patients with multiple (n = 21) or uniform (n = 6) cervical lesions. The results were analyzed together with our previous allelotyping of 57 deeply invasive CCs. Loss of heterozygosity at one of the three markers was observed in 23%, 27%, and 31 % of LSILs, HSILs, and CCs, respectively. Frequent and early allelic loss was noted (in 30% of LSILs and 50% of HSILs) at 3p14, which may harbor tumor suppressor genes involved in early stages of cervical carcinogenesis. A high frequency of microsatellite alteration (MA) was found in LSIL (41%) and HSIL (67%) but not in CC (5.3%). In particular, MA was more frequently found in low-grade lesions in association with invasive cancers (75%, 6/8) than in those associated with SILs (29%, 4/14) (P < 0.05). Together with the finding of a monoclonal origin of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions, the present results allow us to propose a model of local field effect of genomic instability that progressively affects the clonal evolution of SIL of uterine cervix.
An acquired and a native penicillin-binding protein cooperate in building the cell wall of drug-resistant staphylococci (2001)

The blanket resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to all beta-lactam antibiotics--which had such a devastating impact on chemotherapy of staphylococcal infections--is related to the properties of the key component of this resistance mechanism: the "acquired" penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-2A, which has unusual low affinity for all beta-lactam antibiotics. Until now, the accepted model of resistance implied that in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics in the surrounding medium, PBP2A must take over the biosynthesis of staphylococcal cell wall from the four native staphylococcal PBPs because the latter become rapidly acylated and inactivated at even low concentrations of the antibiotic. However, recent observations indicate that this model requires revision. Inactivation of the transglycosylase domain, but not the transpeptidase domain, of PBP2 of S. aureus prevents expression of beta-lactam resistance, despite the presence of the low-affinity PBP2A. The observations suggest that cell-wall synthesis in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics requires the cooperative functioning of the transglycosylase domain of the native staphylococcal PBP2 and the transpeptidase domain of the PBP2A, a protein imported by S. aureus from an extra species source.
Differential current switch logic: a low power DCVS logic family (1996)

Differential current switch logic (DCSL), a new logic family for implementing clocked CMOS circuits, has been developed. DCSL is in principle a clocked differential cascode voltage switch logic circuit (DCVS). The circuit topology outlines a generic method for reducing internal node swings in clocked DCVS logic circuits. In comparison to other forms of clocked DCVS, DCSL achieves better performance both in terms of power and speed by restricting internal voltage swings in the NMOS tree. DCSL circuits are capable of implementing high complexity high fan-in gates without compromising gate delay. Automatic lock-out of inputs on completion of evaluation is a novel feature of the circuit. Three forms of DCSL circuits have been developed with varying benefits in speed and power. SPICE simulations of circuits designed using the 1.2 /spl mu/m MOSIS SCMOS process indicate a factor of two improvement in speed and power over comparable DCVS gates for moderate tree heights.
Inhibition of tumor growth by a monoclonal antibody reactive with an oncogene-encoded tumor antigen. (1986)

The neu oncogene encodes a 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein tumor antigen, termed p185. We have recently described a monoclonal antibody reactive with a cell surface domain of the p185 molecule. In vivo treatment with this anti-p185 monoclonal antibody was able to significantly inhibit the tumorigenic growth of neu-transformed NIH 3T3 cells implanted into nude mice. Such treatment had no effect on the tumorigenic growth of Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, anti-p185 antibody treatment was able to inhibit the growth of the rat neuroblastoma cells from which the neu oncogene was initially isolated. These results demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody reactive with the extracellular domain of an oncogene-encoded protein can exert a significant antitumor effect; such antibodies may prove useful in the therapy of certain malignancies.
Hormonal Changes and Sexual Function in Aging Men* (1983)

A cross-sectional study on 220 men, aged 41-93 yr, was conducted to determine whether age-related changes in circulating pituitary and gonadal hormone levels are related to quantitatively assessed changes in sexuality over this age span. The conclusion of most previous studies, that total and free plasma testosterone (T) levels decline with advancing age as gonadotropins increase, was corroborated. These changes were found to roughly parallel a decline in sexual function affecting the level of sexual activity, libido, and potency measures. PRL and estradiol did not change with age, and the age-related decline in free T was greater than that in total T. Decreases in free T and increases in LH manifested significant, but small, correlations with sexual hypofunction. Behavioral variables were also clearly related to LH and to the ratio of free T to LH and estradiol. The data also suggested that aging and hormonal changes were more strongly related to sexual activity and nocturnal erections that to libido (enjoyment, drive, and thoughts). Partial correlation procedures demonstrated that diseases and drugs were not responsible for the hormone-behavior relationships. Declining androgen levels, reduced sexual activity, and decreased sexual interest thus appear to be related sequelae of the aging process in men. Hormonal factors do not completely account for age-related changes in sexuality, although the full explanation of these changes must include a consideration of hormonal factors.
Study of the electrochemical properties of a transition metallic ions modified electrode in acidic VOSO4 solution (2007)

石墨材料为一节所有钒氧化还原作用流动电池被用作电极，并且电极被转变修改提高它的电气化学的行为的金属性的离子。合成电极高有的一块多孔的石墨比表面区域和高电流密度。金属性的离子改进了的转变修改的电极能催化 V 的催化作用行为(Ⅱ)-V( Ⅴ) 氧化还原作用反应由周期的 voltammograms 出现了。这篇文章由电气化学的阻抗光谱学(EIS ) 学习了修改电极的阻抗，并且同意电极由 Co~(2+) 和 Mn~(2+) 修改了，这比修改 thenon 的电极有一个更低的电嗬转移电阻。平均粒子尺寸分发的效果在 Warburg 阻抗的斜坡被大粒子尺寸分发减少的更低的频率。Co~(2+) 的电压效率修改了电极测试房间是 81.5% ，它比修改 thenon 的电极的高。
NetCube: A Scalable Tool for Fast Data Mining and Compression (2018)

We propose an novel method of computing and storing DataCubes. Our idea is to use Bayesian Networks, which can generate approximate counts for any query combination of attribute values and “don’t cares.” A Bayesian network represents the underlying joint probability distribution of the data that were used to generate it. By means of such a network the proposed method, NetCube, exploits correlations among attributes. Our proposed preprocessing algorithm scales linearly on the size of the database, and is thus scalable; it is also parallelizable with a straightforward parallel implementation. Moreover, we give an algorithm to estimate counts of arbitrary queries that is fast (constant on the database size). Experimental results show that NetCubes have fast generation and use (a few minutes preprocessing time per 100,000 records and less than a second query time), achieve excellent compression (at least 1800:1 compression ratios on real data) and have low reconstruction error (less than 5% on average). Moreover, our method naturally allows for visualization and data mining, at no extra cost.
Strategies to Circumvent Vascular Barriers of the Central Nervous System (1998)

Department of Neurological Surgery (BVZ, MLJA), University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, and Division of Neurosurgery (BVZ), Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, California Reprint requests: Berislav V. Zlokovic, M.D., 2025 Zonal Avenue, RMR 506, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
Effectiveness of Calcium Cyanamide as a Nitrogen Source and Nitrification Inhibitor in a Tropical Soil (1987)

Abstract Field experiments were conducted to test the efficiency of calcium cyanamide (CaCN 2 ) as an N source for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and maize ( Zea mays L.) over four cropping seasons at the Irrigation Research Station at Kadawa (10°39′N, 08°02′E) Nigeria. Calcium cyanamide applied at recommended N rates, was compared with urea (120 kg N ha −1 ) and a mixture of urea and CaCN 2 [urea (110 kg N) plus CaCN 2 (10 kg N ha −1 )]. Highest maize grain yields and N uptake were obtained with the mixture of urea and CaCN 2 in both years of the study. Wheat yields were unaffected by form of N. Recovery of inorganic N (NO ‐ 3 + NH + 4 ) in the surface soil, 8 weeks after planting wheat in 1984 to 1985, was greatest for the CaCN 2 treatment followed by the urea‐CaCN 2 mixture, and urea in tha torder. Nitrogen recovery in the 0.6‐m depth was approximately the same for all treatments. A laboratory incubation study using the same soil gave about 80% recovery of inorganic N from added CaCN 2 within 8 weeks with most of the N remaining as NH + 4 throughout the 8‐week study. Addition of 10 mg kg −1 of N as CaCN 2 to the soil inhibited the nitrification of added urea.
UV cleaning of contaminated 157-nm reticles (2001)

A UV-lamp-based cleaning station, serving as a load-lock to a VUV spectrometer, has been used to evaluate the cleaning of hydrocarbon residues on 157-nm reticles. UV lamp based cleaning is found to be an effective tool to remove both nanometer scale layers of physisorbed and significantly more resilient highly conjugated 'graphitized' layers on the mask substrate. Slight changes in reflectance and surface roughness are observed on the chromium absorber indicating some degree of photo-oxidation is occurring during lamp cleaning.
Information retrieval in hypertext systems: an approach using Bayesian networks (1991)

SUMMARY The emphasis in most hypertext systems is on the navigational methods, rather than on the global document retrieval mechanisms. When a search mechanism is provided, it is often restricted to simple string matching or to the Boolean model. As an alternate method, we propose a retrieval mechanism using Bayesian inference networks. The main contribution of our approach is the automatic construction of this network using the expected mutual information measure to build the inference tree, and using Jaccard’s formula to define fixed conditional probability relationships.
The significance of published polymorphisms in 14 cases of mild factor VII deficiency (2005)

Factor VII (FVII) plays a critical role in the initiation of blood coagulation, and patients with dysfunctional or reduced levels of this protein are susceptible to mucosal bleeding. There is poor correlation between the clinical presentation and the phenotypic data; and in cases of a mild bleeding tendency, mild to moderate reductions in both FVII antigen and activity may be overlooked. The prevalence of FVII deficiency may therefore be underestimated. Polymorphic differences throughout the FVII gene are associated with variations in plasma FVII antigen and activity levels. This study highlights the significance of mild FVII deficiency, and examines the importance of seven previously published polymorphisms in such patients.