gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated inhibition of actin-induced platelet aggregation by plasma gelsolin and vitamin D-binding protein (1993)

Actin is an abundant intracellular protein that is released into the blood during tissue injury and its injection into rats causes microthrombi to form in the vasculature. This report and others have shown that actin filaments are able to aggregate platelets in an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-dependent manner. The effects on this process of two plasma actin-binding proteins, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and gelsolin, were examined separately and together. The addition of DBP, a monomer-binding protein, to actin filaments did not affect their ability to induce platelet aggregation. However, severing of actin filaments with gelsolin resulted in an increased degree of platelet aggregation. Preincubation of F-actin with both gelsolin and DBP resulted in a significant inhibition of aggregation. The effects of DBP and gelsolin on actin-induced aggregation paralleled their effects on exchange of actin-bound adenine nucleotides. DBP inhibited 1, N6- ethenoadenosine 5′ triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) exchange with G-actin but not with F-actin. Gelsolin increased epsilon-ATP exchange with F-actin, which was largely abrogated by the addition of DBP. These results suggest that gelsolin's severing (and subsequent capping) of actin filaments not only results in an increase in the number of pointed filament ends but also in the dissociation of actin monomers containing ADP. Phalloidin, which stabilizes actin filaments while decreasing both monomer and nucleotide exchange, inhibited actin-induced aggregation, as well, indicating that depolymerization of actin filaments is not required to inhibit aggregation. Platelet activation by either G- or F- actin may thus be regulated by the local concentrations of the plasma actin-binding proteins gelsolin and DBP. Together, these proteins inhibit platelet aggregation in a manner that can be explained by their effects on actin's filament structure and the accessibility of its bound ADP. Depletion of DBP or gelsolin may allow actin released from injured tissues to stimulate purinergic receptors on platelets, and perhaps other cells, via its bound adenine nucleotides.
A baculovirus expression vector derived from the basic protein promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (1990)

The basic protein of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is associated with virus DNA in virion nucleocapsids and is produced in infected cells during the late phase of gene expression. A transfer vector was constructed containing the beta-galactosidase gene, under the control of a copy of the putative basic protein promoter, in place of the polyhedrin gene within the AcMNPV EcoRI fragment I. After cotransfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells with the transfer vector and infectious AcMNPV DNA, polyhedrin-negative recombinant viruses were selected which expressed high levels of beta-galactosidase. Radiolabelling of infected cell proteins showed that beta-galactosidase was expressed at the same time as the viral basic protein, between 8 to 24 h post-infection, with a peak synthesis at 12 to 15 h. These results demonstrated that the temporal regulation of the basic protein promoter was not affected by its position within the virus genome. Furthermore, a new baculovirus vector system is now available for high level expression of foreign genes at earlier times in infected cells.
Binucleating tetrapyrrole macrocycles (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinucleating tetrapyrrole macrocyclesFrancis V. Acholla, Fusao Takusagawa, and Kristin Bowman MertesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 24, 6902–6908Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00310a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00310a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Automated detection of pulmonary nodules in helical CT images based on an improved template-matching technique (2001)

The purpose of this study is to develop a technique for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems to detect lung nodules in helical X-ray pulmonary computed tomography CT) images. We propose a novel template-matching technique based on a genetic algorithm (GA) template matching (GATM) for detecting nodules existing within the lung area; the GA was used to determine the target position in the observed image efficiently and to select an adequate template image from several reference patterns for quick template matching. In addition, a conventional template matching was employed to detect nodules existing on the lung wall area, lung wall template matching (LWTM), where semicircular models were used as reference patterns; the semicircular models were rotated according to the angle of the target point on the contour of the lung wall. After initial detecting candidates using the two template-matching methods, we extracted a total of 13 feature values and used them to eliminate false-positive findings. Twenty clinical cases involving a total of 557 sectional images were used in this study. 71 nodules out of 98 were correctly detected by our scheme (i.e., a detection rate of about 72%), with the number of false positives at approximately 1.1/sectional image. Our present results show that our scheme can be regarded as a technique for CAD systems to detect nodules in helical CT pulmonary images.
Comparative evaluation of oral prostaglandin E2 & intravenous oxytocin for induction of labour. (1989)

Oral prostaglandin E2 tablets (group I) and iv Oxytocin (group II) were evaluated in 120 randomly selected women subjected to induction of labour. In group I, 60 women received oral prostaglandin E2 tablets in incremental doses from 0.5-1.5 mg hourly, depending upon the parity and Bishop score of the patient. Group II women received oxytocin iv in 5 per cent dextrose, starting at a rate of 2 mU/min and gradually increasing to a maximum of 64 mU/min. Overall success rate in group I (prostaglandin E2) and group II (intravenous oxytocin) was 85 and 93.3 per cent respectively (P greater than 0.05). In the favourable group (Bishop score 6-13) the induction delivery interval (IDI) for group I and group II was 8.86 h and 7.95 h respectively (P greater than 0.05), while in the unfavourable group (Bishop score less than or equal to 5), the IDI for the respective groups were 13.42 h and 10.11 h (P less than 0.05). Side effects with prostaglandin E2 were mostly mild gastrointestinal ones. A significantly higher incidence of foetal distress was observed with intravenous oxytocin (15%) as compared to prostaglandin E2 (3.33%). Oral prostaglandin E2 was thus found to be a better alternative to intravenous oxytocin in multiparous women with favourable Bishop score (greater than 6) and in those in whom fluid retention is to be avoided (e.g., conditions like toxemias, renal disease).
Impaired prothrombinase activity of factor X Gly381Asp results in severe familial CRM+ FX deficiency (2003)

We investigated three members of a large Omani family affected by severe factor X (FX) deficiency (coagulant activity <1%) and showing marked differences in the onset of severe hemorrhagic symptoms. All patients were homozygous for a novel FX mutation (Gly381Asp) in the structurally conserved region of the serine protease active site. Expression levels of recombinant 381D-FX were similar to those of wt-FX, indicating the presence of a severe CRM+ FX deficiency, a poorly investigated condition. The 381D-FX was normally activated and did not show a detectable amidolytic activity. Instead, we observed a residual activity in a prothrombin-time based assay (1%) and in prothrombinase assays both in plasma (1%) and in purified systems (3%). Comparison with FX variants characterized by reduced activation suggests that mutations affecting FX activity might result in a more pronounced impairment of coagulation and thus in severe hemorrhagic phenotype. In addition, this study indicates that the hemorrhagic heterogeneity observed in FX deficiencies is only partially explained by molecular analysis of FX gene.
The continuum model of marrow stem cell regulation (2006)

Thus, stem cells show a plastic plasticity and the continuum appears to hold for both nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic lineages.
Robotic mapping: a survey (2003)

This article provides a comprehensive introduction into the field of robotic mapping, with a focus on indoor mapping. It describes and compares various probabilistic techniques, as they are presently being applied to a vast array of mobile robot mapping problems. The history of robotic mapping is also described, along with an extensive list of open research problems.
Structure and Orientation of Pardaxin Determined by NMR Experiments in Model Membranes (2004)

Pardaxins are a class of ichthyotoxic peptides isolated from fish mucous glands. Pardaxins physically interact with cell membranes by forming pores or voltage-gated ion channels that disrupt cellular functions. Here we report the high-resolution structure of synthetic pardaxin Pa4 in sodium dodecylphosphocholine micelles, as determined by (1)H solution NMR spectroscopy. The peptide adopts a bend-helix-bend-helix motif with an angle between the two structure helices of 122 +/- 9 degrees , making this structure substantially different from the one previously determined in organic solvents. In addition, paramagnetic solution NMR experiments on Pa4 in micelles reveal that except for the C terminus, the peptide is not solvent-exposed. These results are complemented by solid-state NMR experiments on Pa4 in lipid bilayers. In particular, (13)C-(15)N rotational echo double-resonance experiments in multilamellar vesicles support the helical conformation of the C-terminal segment, whereas (2)H NMR experiments show that the peptide induces considerable disorder in both the head-groups and the hydrophobic core of the bilayers. These solid-state NMR studies indicate that the C-terminal helix has a transmembrane orientation in DMPC bilayers, whereas in POPC bilayers, this domain is heterogeneously oriented on the lipid surface and undergoes slow motion on the NMR time scale. These new data help explain how the non-covalent interactions of Pa4 with lipid membranes induce a stable secondary structure and provide an atomic view of the membrane insertion process of Pa4.
DNA helicase and nucleoside-5'-triphosphatase activities of polyoma virus large tumor antigen (1990)

Polyoma virus large tumor antigen (PyV T antigen) has been purified to near homogeneity by immunoaffinity column chromatography. We have detected DNA helicase and ATPase (nucleoside-5'-triphosphatase) activities in the purified PyV T antigen fraction and characterized these activities. The ATPase activity was stimulated about 2-fold by poly(dT), which was the most effective stimulator among the synthetic polynucleotides tested. Natural nucleic acids, such as calf thymus native and heat-denatured DNA, and single-stranded circular fd DNA were also effective, but the degree of stimulation was less than 1.5-fold. The basal and poly(dT)-stimulated ATPase activities showed similar preference for nucleoside 5'-triphosphates, requirement for divalent cations, and pH optima. The preference for nucleoside 5'-triphosphates was ATP, dATP greater than CTP, UTP much greater than GTP. The only difference observed between the two activities was salt sensitivity. The basal ATPase activity was resistant to KC1 up to 300 mM. In contrast, poly-(dT)-stimulated activity was reduced to the level of basal activity at 300 mM KC1. DNA helicase activity required divalent cations and was dependent on hydrolysis of ATP. The activity showed similar preference for nucleoside 5'-triphosphates, requirement for divalent cations, and pH optimum as the two ATPase activities, and the salt sensitivity of DNA helicase activity was similar to that of poly(dT)-stimulated ATPase activity. The helicase activity was inhibited competitively by the addition of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA, and a relatively high inhibitory activity was observed with poly [d(A-T)]. The PyV T antigen helicase was found to migrate in the 3' to 5' direction along the DNA strand to which the protein bound.
Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Peptides, I. Syntheses of Leucine-Enkephalin and Methionine-Enkephalin on a p-Alkoxybenzyl-Modified Soluble Support (1981)

The liquid-phase synthesis of two pentapeptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of Leu- and Met-enkephalin is described. Modified monofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) containing a p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol functional group was employed as the soluble polymeric support. Cleavage of the peptides from the polymer, as well as the removal of protecting groups, was achieved with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. The free peptides were purified by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, and were identical in both physical and biological characteristics with reference material. The results showed that the proposed support is effective for a mild cleavage of peptides from the soluble polymer during liquid-phase synthesis.
Complications and Pitfalls in Rat Stroke Models for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2004)

Model failures occurred frequently in all groups. MRI and MRA helps to identify animals that need to be excluded from experimental stroke studies.
A synthetic peptide vaccine involving the product of the pre-S(2) region of hepatitis B virus DNA: protective efficacy in chimpanzees. (1986)

The S gene encoding the major surface polypeptide of hepatitis B virus is preceded by the region pre-S(2) with a capacity to code for 55 amino acid residues. In the product of region pre-S(2), the sequence of 19 amino acid residues (amino acids 14-32 from the N terminus) representing an area of high local hydrophilicity is shared by viral strains of subtypes adr, ayw, and ayr; residue 22, phenylalanine, is replaced by leucine in a strain of the other subtype, adw. A synthetic peptide vaccine involving these 19 amino acid residues, when given to two chimpanzees, raised antibodies that bound to viral particles and protected the animals from challenge with 10(6) chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis B virus.
Efficient vector quantization for color image encoding (2005)

The practical application of adaptive vector quantization to the encoding of a database of large color images is demonstrated. Methods for search space reduction, improved codebook initialization, empty cell treatment, and color vector coding are presented, with particular emphasis on encode time reduction. These variations to the basic vector quantization algorithm are compared in terms of computational complexity, execution time, and image quality. Experimental results are presented for a typical 256 × 256 pixel color image at a representative data rate of 2.0 bits/pixel, demonstrating over two orders of magnitude improvement in computation time.
Headphones with touch control (2005)

The Touch Headphones are meant for portable music players and aim to present an improvement to the conventional remote control in the headphone wire, and a solution for controls on wireless in-ear type headphones. Two capacitive touch sensors per earpiece sense when earpieces are being tapped on, and being put in or out.
Scalable Passaging of Adherent Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2014)

Current laboratory methods used to passage adherent human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are labor intensive, result in reduced cell viability and are incompatible with larger scale production necessary for many clinical applications. To meet the current demand for hPSCs, we have developed a new non-enzymatic passaging method using sodium citrate. Sodium citrate, formulated as a hypertonic solution, gently and efficiently detaches adherent cultures of hPSCs as small multicellular aggregates with minimal manual intervention. These multicellular aggregates are easily and reproducibly recovered in calcium-containing medium, retain a high post-detachment cell viability of 97%±1% and readily attach to fresh substrates. Together, this significantly reduces the time required to expand hPSCs as high quality adherent cultures. Cells subcultured for 25 passages using this novel sodium citrate passaging solution exhibit characteristic hPSC morphology, high levels (>80%) of pluripotency markers OCT4, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 andTRA-1-81, a normal G-banded karyotype and the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three germ layers, both in vivo and in vitro.
CCL18‐stimulated upregulation of collagen production in lung fibroblasts requires Sp1 signaling and basal Smad3 activity (2005)

A CC chemokine CCL18 stimulates collagen production in pulmonary fibroblasts through an unknown signaling mechanism. In this study, involvement of Sp1 and Smad3 in CCL18 signaling in primary human pulmonary fibroblast cultures was investigated. Phosphorylation of Sp1, DNA-binding by Sp1, and the activity of an Sp1-dependent reporter were all increased in response to CCL18 stimulation. CCL18 did not stimulate a detectable increase in Smad3 phosphorylation or Smad3/4 DNA-binding activity, although some basal phosphorylation and DNA binding by Smad3/4 were noted. Transient overexpression of dominant negative mutants of Sp1 and Smad3 abrogated CCL18-dependent upregulation as well as basal production of collagen. These observations suggested that CCL18 activates collagen production in pulmonary fibroblasts through an Sp1-dependent pathway that also requires basal Smad3 activity. Possible involvement of autocrine TGF-beta in CCL18 signaling was considered. CCL18 stimulated increases in collagen mRNA and protein production without detectable changes in TGF-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 mRNA or protein levels. Neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibodies, latency-associated peptide, ALK5-specific inhibitor SD431542, and an inhibitor of the protease-dependent TGF-beta activation aprotinin, each failed to block CCL18-stimulated collagen production. These observations suggest that both CCL18 signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts and basal Smad3 activity are independent of autocrine TGF-beta.
Baculovirus surface display: Construction and screening of a eukaryotic epitope library (1998)

The baculovirus expression system was utilized to serve as a tool for ligand selection, demonstrating the applicability of the system to the generation and screening of eukaryotic expression libraries. The HIV-1-gp41 epitope 'ELDKWA', specific for the neutralizing human mAb 2F5, was inserted into the antigenic site B of influenza virus hemagglutinin and expressed on the surface of baculovirus infected insect cells. In order to improve the antigenicity of the epitope within the hemagglutinin, and therefore enhance the specific binding of 2F5, we inserted three additional, random amino acids adjacent to the epitope. This pool of hemagglutinin genes was directly cloned into the baculovirus Ac-omega. To identify distinct proteins displayed on the cellular surface, we developed a screening protocol to select for specific binding capacity of individual viral clones. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) we isolated a baculovirus clone displaying the epitope with markedly increased binding capacity out of a pool of 8000 variants in only one sorting step. Binding properties of the identified ligand were examined by FACS performing a competition assay.
Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation using human single-chain Fv antibodies specific for TREM-like transcript-1 (2007)

TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) is a novel platelet membrane receptor, which has been recently characterized in mice. TLT-1 is expressed exclusively in platelets and megakaryocytes, and its expression is dramatically upregulated upon platelet activation, suggesting that it plays a unique role in hemostasis and/or thrombosis. In this study we identified and characterized highly specific human monoclonal antibodies that bind to TLT-1 by screening a naïve library of single chain Fv fragments (scFvs) displayed on filamentous phage (Thomlinson I library). These scFvs detected plate-bound TLT-1, captured soluble TLT-1, and readily reacted with cell-bound TLT-1 on transfectants and primary human platelets. Most importantly, anti-TLT-1 scFvs inhibited thrombin-mediated human platelet aggregation. This inhibition was specific for thrombin-induced aggregation and was reversible with higher doses of agonist. These data are the first to demonstrate a biological role for TLT-1 and its potential as a therapeutic target. The human scFvs isolated in this study may represent novel anti-platelet therapeutic agents.
The INVENT framework: Examining the role of information visualization in the reconceptualization of digital libraries (2006)

The objective of this paper is to show how information visualization can play an important and catalytic role in the reconceptualization of digital libraries as interactive knowledge environments. Information visualization has long been described as a beneficial and promising technology for digital libraries. Today, however, few digital libraries rely on information visualization concepts and techniques. This is because the research agenda has been dominated by first-generation challenges, such as digitization, organization, preservation, and facilitating access through conventional search and browse interfaces. As a result, digital libraries are still conceptualized as curated, networked, and searchable document repositories. But new research directions are reconceptualizing them as interactive knowledge environments. This paper re-examines the role of information visualization in this reconceptualization. It introduces a new conceptual framework for digital libraries called INVENT: INteractive Visual ENironmenTs. The INVENT framework emphasizes the importance of rich interaction with representations of information, especially visual representations, for supporting cognitive and knowledge work activities. There are six elements in the framework: digital objects, representations, activities, interactions, actors, and ecologies. This paper suggests that these elements should be conceptual cornerstones in the knowledge environment conceptualization of digital libraries.
Vacuum-assisted closure to treat deep sternal wound infection following cardiac surgery (2000)

Deep sternal wound infection is a devastating and potentially lethal complication following cardiac surgery. Established treatment may involve debridement, packing, delayed closure, plastic reconstruction, re-wiring and irrigation, depending on the severity of infection. The authors prefer early debridement and rewiring with irrigation if possible. If this method fails the results are often poor. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) of complex infected wounds has recently gained popularity among various surgical specialties. This article describes the successful application of this novel technique in a patient with infected sternal dehiscence who had failed to respond to conventional treatment.