gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open Domain Question Answering over Tables via Dense Retrieval (2021)

Jonathan Herzig, Thomas Müller, Syrine Krichene, Julian Eisenschlos. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021.
Easily Processable Phenylene−Thiophene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Solution-Fabricated Nonvolatile Transistor Memory Elements (2003)

The synthesis of a new series of mixed phenylene-thiophene oligomers is reported; 2,5-bis(4-n-hexylphenyl)thiophene (dH-PTP, 1), 5,5'-bis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (dH-PTTP, 2), 5,5' '-bis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-2,2':5',2' '-terthiophene (dH-PT(3)P, 3), 5,5' "-bis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-2,2':5',2' ':5' ',2' "-quaterthiophene (dH-PT(4)P, 4), 1,4-bis[5-(4-n-hexylphenyl)-2-thienyl]benzene (dH-PTPTP, 5), and 2,5-bis[4(4'-n-hexylphenyl)phenyl]thiophene (dH-PPTPP, 6) were characterized by (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Vacuum-evaporated and solution-cast films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. All compounds display high p-type carrier mobilities as evaporated (up to 0.09 cm(2)/Vs) and as solution-cast (up to 0.03 cm(2)/Vs) films on both Si/SiO(2) and ITO/GR (glass resin) substrates. The straightforwardly synthesized dH-PTTP (2) displays an unprecedented combination of mobility, on/off ratio, stability, and processability. Both dH-PTTP (2) and dH-PPTPP (6) display a reversible, tunable, and stable memory effect even as solution-cast devices, with turn-on characteristics shifting from accumulation mode to zero or depletion mode after a writing voltage V(w) is applied. The charge storage is distributed over the gate dielectric structure and is concentrated near the dielectric-semiconductor interface, as evidenced by the response of "floating gate" configuration devices. Simple nonvolatile elements have been fabricated by solution-only techniques on ITO substrates using spin-coated glass resin, solution-cast oligomeric semiconductors, and painted graphite paste electrodes.
Avalanche-Induced Current Enhancement in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes under high electric field stress ( approximately 10 V/mum) display a remarkable current increase due to avalanche generation of free electrons and holes. Unlike other materials, the avalanche process in such 1D quantum wires involves access to the third subband and is insensitive to temperature but strongly dependent on diameter approximately exp(-1/d;{2}). Comparison with a theoretical model yields a novel approach to obtain the inelastic optical phonon emission length lambda{OP,ems} approximately 15d nm. The new results underscore the importance of multiband transport in 1D molecular wires.
Self-assembly of block copolymers (2012)

Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly has attracted considerable attention for many decades because it can yield ordered structures in a wide range of morphologies, including spheres, cylinders, bicontinuous structures, lamellae, vesicles, and many other complex or hierarchical assemblies. These aggregates provide potential or practical applications in many fields. The present tutorial review introduces the primary principles of BCP self-assembly in bulk and in solution, by describing experiments, theories, accessible morphologies and morphological transitions, factors affecting the morphology, thermodynamics and kinetics, among others. As one specific example at a more advanced level, BCP vesicles (polymersomes) and their potential applications are discussed in some detail.
Identification of Glypican-3 as a Novel Tumor Marker for Melanoma (2004)

GPC3 is apparently a novel tumor marker useful for the diagnosis of melanoma, especially in early stages of the disorder.
Fondaparinux用于预防老年急症内科患者静脉血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性：一项随机、安慰剂对照试验 (2006)

目的：确定抗凝血药fondapaxinux用于具有中至高度静脉血栓栓塞风险的老年急症内科住院患者的有效性和安全性。设计：双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验。机构：8个国家的35所医疗中心。受试者：因充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺部疾病急性呼吸道症状发作或急性感染性／炎性疾病而住院并预计至少卧床4d的849例年龄≥60岁患者。干预：2．5mg fondaparinux或安慰剂皮下给药，1次／d，持续6～14d。观察指标：主要的有效性终点为常规双侧静脉造影检出的静脉血栓栓塞以及第15天时出现的有症状性静脉血栓栓塞。次要终点为出血和死亡。1个月时对患者进行随访。结果：共对fondaparinux组的425例患者和安慰剂组的414例患者进行了安全性分析（10例患者未经治疗）。
Induction of Cellular Immune Responses in Patients With Stage-I Multiple Myeloma After Vaccination With Autologous Idiotype-pulsed Dendritic Cells (2010)

Idiotype vaccines have shown both biological efficacy and clinical benefit in lymphoma. Circulating idiotype proteins (Id) in multiple myeloma patients offer a suitable target for immunotherapy. So far, specific immune responses after vaccination with Ids have been evaluated mostly in advanced myeloma. We explored the potential of dendritic-cell (DC)-based immunotherapy in 9 patients with stage-I disease. Mature monocyte-derived Id-pulsed DCs and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were administered at dose levels between 2 and 20×10⁶ cells. Patients received 5 immunizations every 4 weeks. A median number of 6.8×10⁶ DCs were administered per vaccination. Five out of 9 patients (56%) developed Id-specific T cells as showed in proliferation assays and 8 out of 9 patients (89%) showed specific T-cell-mediated cytokine release after Id stimulation. The cytokine-secretion did not show a distinct Th1-type or Th2-type pattern. The M protein dropped slightly in 3 out of 9 patients. We could show that DC-based Id vaccination is a feasible way of inducing specific T-cell responses in stage-I myeloma patients. Further trials are needed to increase the rate of responses and to define the role of DC-based vaccination in the era of new pharmacologic therapies.
Cyclophilin Residues That Affect Noncompetitive Inhibition of the Protein Serine Phosphatase Activity of Calcineurin by the Cyclophilin.cntdot.Cyclosporin A Complex (1994)

Mutation of three cationic surface residues of human cyclophilin A (hCyPA), R69, K125, and R148, to both anionic and neutral residues left its intrinsic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity and cyclosporin A (CsA) binding unaffected, but altered its ability to inhibit the serine phosphatase activity of calcineurin (CN). R69E was 13-fold less effective (Ki = 3400 nM) than wild-type hCyPA (Ki = 270 nM) in presenting CsA for calcineurin phosphatase inhibition, while R148E was 17-fold more effective (Ki < or = 16 nM), and human CyPB was 13-fold better (Ki < or = 21 nM), establishing that a composite drug/protein surface is being recognized. The phosphoserine phosphatase reaction catalyzed by CN using unlabeled phosphoserine RII19 peptide was coupled to a continuous spectrophotometric assay to measure inorganic phosphate production using the enzyme purine ribonucleoside phosphorylase and the substrate N7-methyl-2-thioguanosine [Webb, M. R. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 4884-4887]. With this assay, we have determined that human cyclophilin A complexed with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A is a noncompetitive inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase activity. This mutational analysis identified hCyPA residues that interact with CN, and comparison to similar data on FKBP allowed us to begin to map out the CN recognition surface. The p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of CN was stimulated ca. 3-fold by CyP.CsA, presumably reflecting altered active site geometry and selective access of this small substrate.
Our Sporting Sisters: How Male Hegemony Stratifies Women in Sport (2000)

Italian Socialist Antonio Gramsci introduced the concept of hegemony in the early 1900s to describe how the capitalist elite maintain their dominant status, through a subtle imposition of ideology upon the masses. According to Gramsci, such a ruling class must generate a consensus of acceptance for dominant ideology. This consensus is created not by coercion, but through the influence of intellectuals and civic institutions. Gramsci’s concept may be applied to help explain the present status of American women in sport, by demonstrating the influence of masculinist hegemony over this institution. Women continue to face numerous barriers imposed by male hegemonic ideology, despite their recent attempts to gain equality and respect in sport. As well, some feminists may feel an ethical dilemma in their provision of support for women’s equality within an institution thought to be complicit with male hegemony. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the difficulties faced by our sporting sisters and to identify proactive strategies that may work toward the elimination of gender-based economic, social, and political stratification in sport.
Multijunction Solar Cells for Dense-Array Concentrators (2006)

A major step forward has been made towards cost reduction of terrestrial PV. World-record multijunction III-V solar cells have been integrated into a commercial concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system. A dense array of high-efficiency solar cells in the receiver of a high-intensity (~500X) concentrator system has been identified as a viable, cost-effective system. Concentrator ultra triple junction (CUTJ) cells have been developed for use in the Solar Systems CS500 solar electric power generator. The cell is designed for efficient conversion of the specific solar spectrum delivered to the system receiver while minimizing cell cost. Cells are optimized for maximum active area in a Solar Systems dense-array cell module. Solar Systems modules using CUTJ dense-array cells have demonstrated module efficiencies of over 35%. Field testing of CUTJ dense-array cells in a CS500 CPV dish unit at the Hermannsburg solar power plant in Australia was initiated in December 2005. A full multi-junction receiver in a CS500 dish has delivered over 30kW with an efficiency of almost 30%. Following qualification, these systems are slated for entry into the terrestrial market in 2006
Human iPSC-Derived Posterior Gut Progenitors Are Expandable and Capable of Forming Gut and Liver Organoids (2018)

Early endoderm progenitors naturally possess robust propagating potential to develop a majority of meter-long gastrointestinal tracts and are therefore considered as a promising source for therapy. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible generation of human CDX2<sup>+</sup> posterior gut endoderm cells (PGECs) from five induced pluripotent stem cell clones by manipulating FGF, TGF, and WNT signaling. Transcriptome analysis suggested that putative PGECs harbored an intermediate signature profile between definitive endoderm and organ-specific endoderm. We found that combinatorial EGF, VEGF, FGF2, Chir99021, and A83-01 treatments selectively amplify storable PGECs up to 10<sup>21</sup> cell scale without any gene transduction or feeder use. PGECs, compared with induced pluripotent stem cells, showed stable differentiation propensity into multiple endodermal lineages without teratoma formation. Furthermore, transplantation of PGEC-derived liver bud organoids showed therapeutic potential against fulminant liver failure. Together, the robustly amplified PGECs may be a promising cellular source for endoderm-derived organoids in studying human development, modeling disease, and, ultimately, therapy.
The Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF): A Coordinate Repressor of Multiple Neuron-Specific Genes (1995)

The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) binds a DNA sequence element, called the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE), that represses neuronal gene transcription in nonneuronal cells. Consensus NRSEs have been identified in 18 neuron-specific genes. Complementary DNA clones encoding a functional fragment of NRSF were isolated and found to encode a novel protein containing eight noncanonical zinc fingers. Expression of NRSF mRNA was detected in most nonneuronal tissues at several developmental stages. In the nervous system, NRSF mRNA was detected in undifferentiated neuronal progenitors, but not in differentiated neurons. NRSF represents the first example of a vertebrate silencer protein that potentially regulates a large battery of cell type-specific genes, and therefore may function as a master negative regulator of neurogenesis.
Phototransposition chemistry of 1-methylpyrazole. Deuterium, methyl, and fluorine substitution (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhototransposition chemistry of 1-methylpyrazole. Deuterium, methyl, and fluorine substitutionJames W. Pavlik and Edyth M. KurzweilCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 22, 6313–6320Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00022a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00022a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views911Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PG545, a dual heparanase and angiogenesis inhibitor, induces potent anti-tumour and anti-metastatic efficacy in preclinical models (2011)

PG545 is a new anti-angiogenic clinical candidate for cancer therapy. The anti-metastatic property of PG545, likely due to the inhibition of heparanase, may prove to be a critical attribute as the compound enters phase I clinical trials.
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis from methyltetrahydrofolate, CO, and coenzyme A by enzymes purified from Clostridium thermoaceticum: attainment of in vivo rates and identification of rate-limiting steps (1992)

Many anaerobic bacteria fix CO2 via the acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) (Wood) pathway. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), a corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein (C/Fe-SP), methyltransferase (MeTr), and an electron transfer protein such as ferredoxin II play pivotal roles in the conversion of methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3-H4folate), CO, and CoA to acetyl-CoA. In the study reported here, our goals were (i) to optimize the method for determining the activity of the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, (ii) to evaluate how closely the rate of synthesis of acetyl-CoA by purified enzymes approaches the rate at which whole cells synthesize acetate, and (iii) to determine which steps limit the rate of acetyl-CoA synthesis. In this study, CODH, MeTr, C/Fe-SP, and ferredoxin were purified from Clostridium thermoaceticum to apparent homogeneity. We optimized conditions for studying the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and found that when the reaction is dependent upon MeTr, the rate is 5.3 mumol min-1 mg-1 of MeTr. This rate is approximately 10-fold higher than that reported previously and is as fast as that predicted on the basis of the rate of in vivo acetate synthesis. When the reaction is dependent upon CODH, the rate of acetyl-CoA synthesis is approximately 0.82 mumol min-1 mg-1, approximately 10-fold higher than that observed previously; however, it is still lower than the rate of in vivo acetate synthesis. It appears that at least two steps in the overall synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CH3-H4folate, CO, and CoA can be partially rate limiting. At optimal conditions of low pH (approximately 5.8) and low ionic strength, the rate-limiting step involves methylation of CODH by the methylated C/Fe-SP. At higher pH values and/or higher ionic strength, transfer of the methyl group of CH3-H4folate to the C/Fe-SP becomes rate limiting.
Synthesis of Hetero-Grafted Amphiphilic Diblock Molecular Brushes and Their Self-Assembly in Aqueous Medium (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Hetero-Grafted Amphiphilic Diblock Molecular Brushes and Their Self-Assembly in Aqueous MediumZhou Li†, Jun Ma†, Chong Cheng‡, Ke Zhang†, and Karen L. Wooley*†§View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130‡ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260§ Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842*To whom correspondence should be addressed.Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 3, 1182–1184Publication Date (Web):January 14, 2010Publication History Received12 November 2009Revised22 December 2009Published online14 January 2010Published inissue 9 February 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma902513nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma902513nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3939Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Gel permeation chromatography,RAFT polymerization,Supramolecular structures and assemblies,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Modulation of cyclin D1 and early growth response factor‐1 gene expression in interleukin‐1β‐treated rat smooth muscle cells by n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (2004)

The proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to growth factors or cytokines, we have shown previously that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act in opposition to n-6 PUFAs by modulating various steps of the inflammatory process. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the incorporation of the n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid, increases the proliferation of rat SMC treated with interleukin-1beta, while the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), elicit no mitogenic response. Incorporation of EPA or DHA into SMC, which are then activated by interleukin-1beta to mimic inflammation, decreases promoter activity of the cyclin D1 gene and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Together, our data demonstrate that n-3 effects are dependent on the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and that down-regulation of the cyclin D1 promoter activity is mediated by the specific binding of the early growth response factor-1. Finally, we have shown that the incorporation of EPA and DHA also increased the concentration of caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 in caveolae, which correlated with n-3 PUFA inhibition of SMC proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. We provide evidence indicating that, in contrast to n-6 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs exert antiproliferative effects on SMC through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK pathway.
Self-Organized Growth of PbI-Based Layered Perovskite Quantum Well by Dual-Source Vapor Deposition (1997)

Oriented thin films of layered perovskite compounds (RNH3)2PbI4, which possess a quantum well structure where a two-dimensional semiconductor layer of PbI4 and an organic ammonium layer of RNH3 are alternately piled up, were found to grow in a self-organizing manner on fused quartz substrates through the simple dual-source vapor deposition of organic ammonium iodide RNH3I and lead iodide PbI2. The perovskite quantum-well films showed strong exciton absorption at around 2.4 eV and sharp exciton emission even at room temperature. Further, the X ray diffraction measurement on the vacuum-deposited films demonstrated that the layer structure of the vacuum-deposited film was oriented parallel to the film plane.
Alterations in Hepatic Metabolism in fld Mice Reveal a Role for Lipin 1 in Regulating VLDL-Triacylglyceride Secretion (2008)

Collectively, these studies reveal new and unexpected effects of lipin 1 on hepatic TAG metabolism and obesity-related hepatic insulin resistance.
EcoRI cleavage sites in the argECBH region of the Escherichia coli chromosome (1977)

The EcoRI cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) from lambdadarg phages, carrying argECBH, has been examined. The phages are derived from the heat-inducible, lysis-defective strain lambda y199, and their bacterial DNA, including argECBH, is derived from Escherichia coli K-12. Such cleavage of the phage DNAs, in each case, produces the D, E, and F segments of lambda. Additionally, these DNAs yield segments, ordered from left to right, of length (in kilobases [kb]) determined by electron microscopy and 0.7% agarose slab gel electrophoresis as follows: lambdadarg13 (ppc argECBH bfe), 13.9, 2.8, 1.5, and 5.6; lambdadarg14 (ppc argECBH), 3.0, 2.0, 17.3, and 6.2; and lambdadarg23 (argECBH), 18.4 and 6.2. For lambdadarg13 sup102 DNA, the segment analogous to the 13.9-kb segment measures 12.2 kb. The direction from left to right corresponds to the clockwise orientation of the E. coli genetic map. The EcoRI segments define five cleavage sites near the arg region of the E. coli chromosome. For each of the DNAs, the arg genes occur on the largest segment produced. The 17.3-kb segment, being entirely bacterial, represents the argECBH-bearing EcoRI segment of the E. coli chromosome. The location of the arg genes was demonstrated electron microscopically in heteroduplex experiments.
Nortriptyline in the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia with Panic Attacks (1988)

Thirty-four consecutive patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were treated with nortriptyline at the LAC-USC Medical Center's Anxiety Disorders Clinic. Fourteen (67%) of the 21 completers totally lost their panic attacks, five (24%) showed partial improvement, and two (10%) showed no improvement. The relationship of treatment outcome to pretreatment and posttreatment measures of depression is discussed, in addition to the potential role of nortriptyline in treating panic attacks in clinical practice.
Separation of Lactoferrin-a and -b from Bovine Colostrum (2000)

Bovine lactoferrin was separated into lactoferrin-a and lactoferrin-b from bovine colostrum. Lactoferrin-a was eluted at 0.38 M NaCl and lactoferrin-b was eluted at 0.43 M NaCl by carboxymethyl cation-exchange chromatography at pH 7.7, 0.05 M phosphate buffer. The molecular weights were estimated at 84,000 for lactoferrin-a and 80,000 for lactoferrin-b. Lactoferrin-a contents were 258.0 mg/L and lactoferrin-b contents were 524.3 mg/L of colostrum for cow 19. From colostrum to normal milk, total lactoferrin was from 17.1 to 129.4 mg/L during the normal lactational period; however, lactoferrin did not separate clearly into lactoferrin-a and lactoferrin-b. The lactoferrin-a measured from six cows was 258.0, 114.0, 112.8, 64.0, 59.7, and 22.4 mg/ L and the lactoferrin-b 524.3, 331.8, 184.7, 170.7, 129.3, and 44.0 mg/L, respectively. The average was 105.2 mg (31.3%) for lactoferrin-a and 230.8 mg (68.7%) for lactoferrin-b.