gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Binaphtholate or Biphenolate Complexes of Molybdenum (1996)

Several racemic or enantiomerically pure complexes of the general type Mo(CHR)(NR‘)(O2R‘‘) that contain binaphtholate or biphenolate (O2R‘‘) ligands have been prepared and employed to ring open several achiral, racemic, or enantiomerically pure norbornenes and norbornadienes. A bimodal molecular weight distribution sometimes results from polymerization of an enantiomerically pure monomer with a racemic initiator as a consequence of a different rate of chain growth from enantiomeric metal centers. The analogous polymerization of an enantiomerically pure monomer with an enantiomerically pure initiator yields only a single polymer chain, as expected. Evaluation of the cis content of the resulting polymers suggests that cis polymer results from polymerization via syn alkylidene propagating species and that accessibility of the anti rotamer on the polymerization time scale is determined by a subtle combination of steric bulk in the biphenoxide and imido ligands. All cis polymers were found to be highly isotactic. The X-ray structures of two catalytically active species are also described. One is a THF adduct of 3,3‘-diphenyl-2,2‘-diolate-1,1‘-dinaphthyl (anti rotamer) while the other is a base-free syn species that contains the 6,6‘-dimethyl-3,3‘,5,5‘-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-2,2‘-diolate ligand.
Interaction and uptake of exosomes by ovarian cancer cells (2011)

In conclusion, exosomes are internalized by ovarian tumor cells via various endocytic pathways and proteins from exosomes and cells are required for uptake. On the other hand, exosomes are enriched in specific glycoproteins that may constitute exosome markers. This work contributes to the knowledge about the properties and dynamics of exosomes in cancer.
Expression of a shared tumor-specific antigen by two chemically induced BALB/c sarcomas. (1987)

A tumor-specific antigen (TSA) expressed on the chemically induced BALB/c Meth A sarcoma and one of 22 other BALB/c sarcomas tested, CMS13, was detected in in vitro cellular and humoral assays. The distribution pattern of the TSA defined in a complement-dependent microcytoxicity assay by cytotoxic antibodies present in CMS13 antisera was similar to that detected by a cytotoxic T-cell clone, designated CTLL-MA10B, in an 18-h cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The serologically defined TSA was shown to be expressed on gp96, a Mr 96,000 glycoprotein isolated from Meth A cytosol with immunoprotective activity in in vivo tumor rejection assays. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Meth A, CMS13, or preparations of gp96 isolated from these sarcomas induced tumor resistance in these mice to Meth A and CMS13 but not CMS5, an antigenically unrelated sarcoma. These results suggest that the shared TSA is expressed on gp96 and is functional in tumor rejection assays.
Plakophilin 3 Oncogene as Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer (2005)

We investigated gene expression profiles of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) to screen candidate molecules that might be useful as diagnostic markers or for development of novel molecular-targeting therapies. Here we report evidence that a member of the armadillo protein family, plakophilin 3 (PKP3), is a potential molecular target for treatment of lung cancers and might also serve as a prognostic indicator. We documented elevated expression of PKP3 in the great majority of NSCLC samples examined. Treatment of NSCLC cells with small interfering RNAs of PKP3 suppressed growth of the cancer cells; on the other hand, induction of exogenous expression of PKP3 conferred growth-promoting activity on COS-7 cells and enhanced their mobility in vitro. To investigate its function, we searched for PKP3-interacting proteins and identified dynamin 1-like, which was also activated in NSCLC. In addition, a high level of PKP3 expression was associated with poor survival as well as disease stage and node status for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting an important role of the protein in development and progression of this disease. As our data imply that up-regulation of PKP3 is a frequent and important feature of lung carcinogenesis, we suggest that targeting the PKP3 molecule might hold promise for development of a new therapeutic and diagnostic strategy for clinical management of lung cancers.
Recessed gate GaN MODFETs (1997)

MODFETs, with and without gate recess, were fabricated on a GaNAl0.27Ga0.73N heterostructure. The gate recess etch was performed with an ECR etch. The gate recess etch improved the maximum transconductance from 23 to 45 mS/mm, ft from 11.4 to 14 GHz, and fmax from 21.2 to 42.5 GHz. The physical gate length of 0.25 μm before recess etch increased to 0.4 μm due to the etching of the resist. Through gate recess, the decrease of the distance between the gate and 2DEG increased the maximum transconductance and the decrease of the effective gate length increased ft and fmax.
Biodegradable Thin Metal Foils and Spin‐On Glass Materials for Transient Electronics (2015)

Biodegradable substrates and encapsulating materials play critical roles in the development of an emerging class of semiconductor technology, generally referred as “transient electronics”, whose key characteristic is an ability to dissolve completely, in a controlled manner, upon immersion in ground water or biofluids. The results presented here introduce the use of thin foils of Mo, Fe, W, or Zn as biodegradable substrates and silicate spin‐on‐glass (SOG) materials as insulating and encapsulating layers, with demonstrations of transient active (diode and transistor) and passive (capacitor and inductor) electronic components. Complete measurements of electrical characteristics demonstrate that the device performance can reach levels comparable to those possible with conventional, nontransient materials. Dissolution kinetics of the foils and cytotoxicity tests of the SOG yield information relevant to use in transient electronics for temporary biomedical implants, resorbable environmental monitors, and reduced waste consumer electronics.
Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant use in long-term maintenance cancer therapy: a new therapeutic approach to disease progression and recurrence (2014)

The chronic, progressive clinical characteristics of many adult solid tumor malignancies suggest that a more effective therapeutic approach to cancer management may require long-term intervention using nontoxic systemic agents that block critical components of abnormal tumor physiology. Two highly promising systemic targets common to the development, progression and recurrence of many common cancers are dysregulated inflammatory and oxidation/reduction (redox) pathways. Compelling clinical data support the use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents as a therapeutic modality for long-term use in patients diagnosed with several common cancers, including colon cancer and breast cancer. The therapeutic paradigm presented in this paper is the product of a synthesis of what is currently understood about the biological effects of inflammation and oxidative stress that contribute to tumorigenesis, disease progression and recurrence as well as results obtained from research on the use of prophylactics with anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties in cancer prevention and treatment.
Feasibility Study for Applying Irreversible Electroporation to the Treatment of Breast Cancer (2009)

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new, minimally invasive, localized tissue ablation technique [1]. The procedure uses electrodes to deliver short-length, high voltage electric pulses to destabilize a cell membrane, leading to the creation of nanopores. When the pulses are strong enough, the cell cannot repair the damage and dies [2]. It has been shown that substantial volumes of tissue and cutaneous tumors may be ablated in a non-thermal manner using irreversible electroporation [1, 3]. In addition, this procedure may be predicted by numerical modeling, promotes an immune response, leaves the extracellular matrix intact, does not affect nerves, may be monitored in real-time, and preserves tissue vasculature [2–5].
Adaptation and growth of Serratia marcescens in contact lens disinfectant solutions containing chlorhexidine gluconate (1993)

Serratia marcescens (11 of 12 strains) demonstrated an ability to grow in certain chlorhexidine-based disinfecting solutions recommended for rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. For a representative strain, cells that were grown in nutrient-rich medium, washed, and inoculated into disinfecting solution went into a nonrecoverable phase within 24 h. However, after 4 days, cells that had the ability to grow in the disinfectant (doubling time, g = 5.7 h) emerged. Solutions supporting growth of S. marcescens were filter sterilized. These solutions, even after removal of the cells, showed bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a biphasic survival curve when rechallenged with S. marcescens. Adaptation to chlorhexidine by S. marcescens was not observed in solutions formulated with borate ions. For chlorhexidine-adapted cells, the MIC of chlorhexidine in saline was eightfold higher than that for unadapted cells. Cells adapted to chlorhexidine showed alterations in the proteins of the outer membrane and increased adherence to polyethylene. Cells adapted to chlorhexidine persisted or grew in several other contact lens solutions with different antimicrobial agents, including benzalkonium chloride.
Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Measured Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Tracer and Chamber Techniques (2007)

Our study compared methane (CH4) emissions from lactating dairy cows measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer and open-circuit respiration chamber techniques. The study was conducted using 16 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. In each chamber, the cow was fitted with the SF6 tracer apparatus to measure total CH4 emissions, including emissions from the rectum. Fresh ryegrass pasture was harvested daily and fed ad libitum to each cow with a supplement of 5 kg of grain/d. The CH4 emissions measured using the SF6 tracer technique were similar to those using the chamber technique: 331 vs. 322 g of CH4/d per cow. The accuracy of the SF6 tracer technique was indicated by considering the ratio of the CH4 emission measured using the SF6 tracer to the emission measured using the chamber for each cow on each day. The calculated ratio of 102.3% (SE = 1.51) was not different from 100%. A higher variability within cow between days was found for the SF6 tracer technique [coefficient of variation (CV) = 6.1%] than for the chamber technique (CV = 4.3%). The variability among cows was substantially higher than within cows, and was higher for the SF6 technique (CV = 19.6%) than for the chamber technique (CV = 17.8%). Our CH4 emission data were compared with whole-animal chamber studies conducted in Canada and Ireland. In the Canadian study the SF6 technique did not measure CH4 emissions from the rectum and emissions were 8% lower than those measured using the chamber, indicating that emissions from the rectum may be greater than previously measured (1%). The relationship between CH4 emission and dry matter intake was examined for our data and for that reported in the Canadian study. There was a difference in the slopes of the regressions derived from our data and that from Canada; 17.1 vs. 20.8 g of CH4/kg of dry matter intake. A difference between the 2 locations was expected based on the difference in diet composition for these 2 studies. The SF6 tracer technique is reasonably accurate for inventory purposes and for evaluating the effects of mitigation strategies on CH4 emissions.
Catalytic Synthesis of Secondary Amine-Containing Polymers: Variable Hydrogen Bonding for Tunable Rheological Properties (2016)

A synthetic protocol using atom-economic, catalytic hydroaminoalkylation and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been developed for the versatile synthesis of a new class of aryl-substituted secondary amine-containing polymers. This catalytic route minimizes waste generation and avoids protection/deprotection protocols, postpolymerization modification, and byproduct formation. Different amines can be readily incorporated to access variable hydrogen-bonding characteristics. Thermal and melt rheological characterization has shown the profound effect of hydrogen bonding on the bulk properties of these amine-containing norbornene polymers.
Hypochlorous acid and low serum paraoxonase activity in haemodialysis patients: an in vitro study (2003)

These results suggest that high concentrations of HOCl that severely oxidize serum proteins and tryptophan residues in the active site of PON1 are required to decrease PON1 arylesterase activity in serum. In haemodialysis patients, overproduction of HOCl that leads to high concentrations of severely oxidized proteins and increased oxidants in plasma might also contribute to low serum PON1 arylesterase activity, but does not appear to impair the ability of an HDL molecule to protect LDL from mild oxidation.
Alleviation of cancer anorexia and cachexia: studies of the Mayo Clinic and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. (1990)

Anorexia and cachexia are common clinical problems of many patients with advanced cancer. Approximately 20 years ago, a controlled, clinical study demonstrated that dexamethasone could stimulate appetites of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer without causing any apparent effect on patient weight or survival. More recently, two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigated cyproheptadine and megestrol acetate in patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. The first of these studies suggested that cyproheptadine could mildly stimulate appetite without causing any discernible effect on patient weight. Megestrol acetate, on the other hand, can clearly cause an increase in patient-perceived appetite and food intake and can also lead to substantial nonfluid weight gain in a proportion of patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. Ongoing studies have been designed to better study the appetite-enhancing effects of megestrol acetate. In addition, current studies are evaluating the effect of the drug hydrazine sulfate on the appetite and weight status of patients with advanced lung or colon cancer.
Neural crest progenitors and stem cells (2007)

In the vertebrate embryo, multiple cell types originate from a common structure, the neural crest (NC), which forms at the dorsal tips of the neural epithelium. The NC gives rise to migratory cells that colonise a wide range of embryonic tissues and later differentiate into neurones and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin and endocrine cells in the adrenal and thyroid glands. In the head and the neck, the NC also yields mesenchymal cells that form craniofacial cartilages, bones, dermis, adipose tissue, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The NC is therefore a model system to study cell diversification during embryogenesis and phenotype maintenance in the adult. By analysing the developmental potentials of quail NC cells in clonal cultures, we have shown that the migratory NC is a collection of heterogeneous progenitors, including various types of intermediate precursors and highly multipotent cells, some of which being endowed of self-renewal capacity. We also have identified common progenitors for mesenchymal derivatives and neural/melanocytic cells in the cephalic NC. These results are consistent with a hierarchical model of lineage segregation wherein environmental cytokines control the fate of progenitors and stem cells. One of these cytokines, the endothelin3 peptide, promotes the survival, proliferation, and self-renewal capacity of common progenitors for glial cells and melanocytes. At post-migratory stages, when they have already differentiated, NC-derived cells exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Epidermal pigment cells and Schwann cells from peripheral nerves in single-cell culture are able to reverse into multipotent NC-like progenitors endowed with self-renewal. Therefore, stem cell properties are expressed by a variety of NC progenitors and can be re-acquired by differentiated cells of NC origin, suggesting potential function for repair.
Liposome-encapsulated cephalothin in the treatment of experimental murine salmonellosis. (1983)

The effectiveness of liposome-encapsulated cephalothin was compared with free cephalothin for the treatment of mice experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Compared with free cephalothin, following intravenous administration, liposome-encapsulated cephalothin was cleared from the circulation more rapidly and concentrated in the liver and spleen. Treatment of infected mice with the liposome antibiotic complex was more efficacious in terms of reducing the number of S. typhimurium in these organs as compared with the free antibiotic. The results suggest that liposome-encapsulated antimicrobial agents may possess a therapeutic advantage in the treatment of diseases caused by facultative intracellular bacteria since this manipulation favors delivery of the entrapped antibiotic to intracellular sites occupied by S. typhimurium.
A Three-Step Preparation of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Dimethyl Acetal (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Three-Step Preparation of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Dimethyl Acetal†Edward L. Ferroni, Victoria DiTella, Nancy Ghanayem, Rebecca Jeske, Christopher Jodlowski, Matthew O'Connell, Jennifer Styrsky, Robyn Svoboda, Ajay Venkataraman, and Beth M. WinklerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532-0900 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 13, 4943–4945Publication Date (Web):June 9, 1999Publication History Received7 December 1998Published online9 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9823902https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9823902brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Hydrolysis,Phosphates,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Phenytoin Sodium Microcapsules: Bench Scale Formulation, Process Characterization and Release Kinetics (1996)

The objective of this investigation was to formulate and prepare sustained-action microcapsules of phenytoin sodium (diphenyl hydantoin sodium salt). Using ethylcellulose and methyl acrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit S-100 and L-100) as coating materials, microcapsules of phenytoin sodium were formulated by an organic phase separation and a granule coating method. The phase diagrams were used to study the phase separation in an ethylcellulose-petroleum ether-toluene system, and the effect of temperature and amount of petroleum ether on the ethylcellulose left in the organic solvent mixture was investigated. The phase diagrams showed that increase in temperature did not significantly affect the ethylcellulose residue, and 60 ml of nonsolvent was found adequate for microencapsulation. In vitro release of the formulated microcapsules and the commercially available preparations was performed in CO2-free distilled water using the USP XXIII rotating basket method, and the profiles were evaluated by Higuchi kinetics. Geometric mean diameters of the microparticles prepared by two different methods showed differences due to different core:wall ratios. A 4 x 5 factorial design was utilized and multiple regression was applied to the dependent variables (ethylcellulose content, percent dissolved) against the independent variables (amount of nonsolvent, temperature, core:wall ratio); the optimum phenytoin sodium-to-ethylcellulose ratio was 1:2.3. Utilizing second-order polynomial equations, response-surface graphs and contour plots pointed out the time necessary for 40%, 55%, and 70% release of phenytoin sodium. The desired release profiles were obtained with formulations E-5, ES-2 and ESL-2.
Isolation and Structural Determination of Novel Sulfated Hexasaccharides from Squid Cartilage Chondroitin Sulfate E That Exhibits Neuroregulatory Activities (2001)

Squid cartilage chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) exhibits various biological activities, including anticoagulant activities, lymphoid regulatory activities, and neuroregulatory activities [Ueoka, C., Kaneda, N., Okazaki, I., Nadanaka, S., Muramatsu, T., and Sugahara, K. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 37407-37413]. These activities are expressed through molecular interactions with specific proteins, including heparin cofactor II, selectins, CD44, chemokines, and the heparin-binding growth factor midkine. Hence, the sugar sequence information is essential for a better understanding of the CS-E functions. Previously, several novel tetrasaccharides containing the unreported 3-O-sulfated glucuronic acid (GlcA) were isolated after digestion of squid cartilage CS-E with testicular hyaluronidase. In this study, hexasaccharides were isolated to obtain more detailed sequence information, especially around the GlcA(3-O-sulfate) residue, and were characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 500 or 600 MHz (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate one tetrasulfated and five pentasulfated hexasaccharide sequences, five of them being novel. They were composed of three disaccharide building units of either A [GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)], E [GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc(4,6-O-disulfate)], K [GlcA(3-O-sulfate)(beta1-3)GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)], L [GlcA(3-O-sulfate)(beta1-3)GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)], or M [GlcA(3-O-sulfate)(beta1-3)GalNAc(4,6-O-disulfate)], forming E-A-A, M-A-A, K-L-A, E-E-A, K-K-A, and A-M-A hexasaccharide sequences. The K-L tetrasaccharide sequence is to date unreported. The isolated sequences appear to indicate the occurrence of an unreported GlcA 3-O-sulfotransferase specific for chondroitin sulfate. The obtained sequence information will be useful for investigating the structure-function relationship and biosynthesis of CS-E.
Reversal of multidrug resistance. (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.1.4 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1670643 Reversal of multidrug resistance. B A ChabnerxB A ChabnerSearch for articles by this author , W WilsonxW WilsonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.1.4 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology