gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular mechanisms of normal growth in the mammalian heart. I. Qualitative and quantitative features of ventricular architecture in the dog from birth to five months of age. (1979)

This paper describes the qualitative and quantitative composition of dog myocardium over the first 5 months of life. The quantitative composition of dog right and left ventricle over this period does not vary. A stereological analysis of electron micrographs representing 32,000 micron2 of tissue surface revealed that 79% of the heart is made up of myofibers, whereas 21% is extracellular space. Twenty-eight percent of the extracellular compartment by volume is vasculature (tissue was preserved by immersion rather than vascular perfusion); 72% is occupied by nonvascular elements and "empty" space. In contrast to the remarkable constancy of quantitative composition of the whole myocardium, myocyte shape and dimensions and the arrangement of intercellular connections vary dramatically over the age period studied. In early postnatal life, the morphology of blood vessels, many of which have completely partitioned lumina, also changes significantly.
Dictionary of biotechnology (1993)

This book explains all the significant terms, procedures and processes encountered in biotechnology, including fermentation; brewing; vaccine production; plant tissue culture; antibiotic production; production and use of enzymes; biomass; byproduct recovery and effluent treatment.
Ionic Liquids as Matrixes for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Room-temperature ionic liquids are useful as solvents for organic synthesis, electrochemical studies, and separations. We wished to examine whether their high solubalizing power, negligible vapor pressure, and broad liquid temperature range are advantageous if they are used as matrixes for UV-MALDI. Several different ionic matrixes were synthesized and tested, using peptides, proteins, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2000). All ionic liquids tested have excellent solubilizing properties and vacuum stability compared to other commonly used liquid and solid matrixes. However, they varied widely in their ability to produce analyte gas-phase ions. Certain ionic matrixes, however, produce homogeneous solutions of greater vacuum stability, higher ion peak intensity, and equivalent or lower detection limits than currently used solid matrixes. Clearly, ionic liquids and their more amorphous solid analogues merit further investigation as MALDI matrixes.
Solubilities in seawater-type systems: Some technical and environmental friendly applications (1993)

Abstract
Mechanistic Study of the Anchoring Behavior of Liquid Crystals Supported on Metal Salts and Their Orientational Responses to Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (2004)

This paper reports an investigation of the orientational behavior of films of nematic liquid crystal (LC) 4‘-pentyl-4-biphenyl-carbonitrile (5CB) supported on a variety of metal perchlorate salts and their orientational response to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). It is found that 5CB supported on perchlorate salts comprised of metal ions with high electron affinities (>15.64 eV), such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, La3+, Al3+, Eu3+, and Fe3+, assumes a homeotropic orientation whereas 5CB supported on salts of metal ions with low electron affinities, including Mn2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Cs+, and Na+, assumes a planar or tilted orientation. The role of the nitrile group of 5CB in determining the orientational behavior of the LC via its coordination with the metal ions is supported by polarization-modulation infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). A new nitrile stretching peak is measured with Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ (which cause homeotropic anchoring) but not with Ag+, Na+, and Mg2+ (which cause tilted or planar orientations of 5CB). Upon exposure to 100 ppb of DMMP, the 5CB supported on the perchlorate salts of Al3+, Eu3+, and Cu2+ undergoes a homeotropic-to-planar anchoring transition while 5CB supported on the other metal ions shows no measurable orientational response to DMMP. These results, when combined, support the view that the orientational response of 5CB to DMMP on metal perchlorate salts results from a competitive binding of 5CB and DMMP to the cations of the metal salts.
Role of ancillary techniques in diagnosing and subclassifying non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas on fine needle aspiration cytology (2006)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are tumours of the lymphoid cells. During the process of development of lymphoid cells, neoplasia may evolve at any point. Neoplastic cells usually carry the imprint of cell of origin at the stage of origin. Various types of NHL may have similar morphology with wide variation in origin, immunophenotype and other biological features. Different ancillary laboratory techniques may help to overcome the limitations of morphology in this aspect. The commonly used ancillary techniques in lymphomas are immunocytochemistry (IC), flow cytometry, Southern blot (SB) technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and DNA microarray technologies are in the research phase. Various laboratory techniques are used for immunophenotyping, demonstration of monoclonality, identification of chromosomal translocation, assessment of cell kinetics and expression of mRNA in the tumour cells. Flow cytometry helps in rapid immunophenotying of NHL and it has an added advantage over IC in recognizing the co-expression of CD markers. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with flow immunophenotyping may help us to diagnose and subclassify certain NHLs, such as follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, which were previously recognized as pure morphological entities. Loss of morphology is one of the important limitations of flow cytometry. LSC can overcome this limitation by studying morphology along with the immunophenotyping pattern of individual cells. Chromosomal changes in NHL can be identified by SB, PCR and FISH. Molecular diagnosis of NHL helps in diagnosis, subclassification, prognostic assessment and even in planning of therapy. DNA microarray is a relatively newer and promising technology. It gives information about the expression of several thousands of genes in a tumour in a single experiment. In the near future, FNAC combined with ancillary techniques may play a major role in diagnosis, subclassification and management of lymphomas.
Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation with Nondeterministic Gates (2010)

In certain approaches to quantum computing the operations between qubits are nondeterministic and likely to fail. For example, a distributed quantum processor would achieve scalability by networking together many small components; operations between components should be assumed to be failure prone. In the ultimate limit of this architecture each component contains only one qubit. Here we derive thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum computation under this extreme paradigm. We find that computation is supported for remarkably high failure rates (exceeding 90%) providing that failures are heralded; meanwhile the rate of unknown errors should not exceed 2 in 10(4) operations.
Optimizing pulsed‐chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging sequences (2011)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) provides a new imaging contrast mechanism sensitive to labile proton exchange. Pulsed-CEST imaging is better suited to the hardware constraints on clinical imaging systems when compared with traditional continuous wave-CEST imaging methods. However, designing optimum pulsed-CEST imaging sequences entails complicated and time-consuming numerical integrations. In this work, a simplified and computationally efficient technique is provided to optimize the pulsed-CEST imaging sequence. An analysis was performed of the optimal average irradiation power and the optimal irradiation flip angle as a function of the acquisition parameters and sample properties in both a two-pool model and a three-pool model of endogenous amine exchange. Key simulated and experimental results based on a creatine/agar tissue phantom show that (1) the average irradiation power is a more meaningful sequence metric than is the average irradiation field amplitude, (2) the optimal average powers for continuous wave and pulsed-CEST imaging are approximately equal to each other for a relevant range of solute frequency offsets, exchange rates, and concentrations, (3) an irradiation flip angle of 180° is optimal or near optimal, independent of the other acquisition parameters and the sample properties, and (4) higher duty cycles yield higher CEST contrast.
Experiments with a steady hand robot in constrained compliant motion and path following (2003)

We consider the problem of cooperative manipulation to improve positioning and path following abilities of humans. Using a specially designed actuated manipulator and "steady hand" manipulation we report on compliant path following strategies and their experimental evaluation. Detecting lines and simple curves by processing images from an endoscope mounted on the robot, we traverse these curves autonomously, under direct user control, and in an augmented mode of user control. Anisotropic gains based on gradient information from the imaging reduce errors in path traversal.
Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors Are Coupled to Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase through Gαi (2001)

Estrogen causes rapid endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production because of the activation of plasma membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ER) coupled to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). In the present study, we determined the role of G proteins in eNOS activation by estrogen. Estradiol-17beta (E(2), 10(-8) m) and acetylcholine (10(-5) m) caused comparable increases in NOS activity (15 min) in intact endothelial cells that were fully blocked by pertussis toxin (Ptox). In addition, exogenous guanosine 5'-O-(2- thiodiphosphate) inhibited E(2)-mediated eNOS stimulation in isolated endothelial plasma membranes, and Ptox prevented enzyme activation by E(2) in COS-7 cells expressing ERalpha and eNOS. Coimmunoprecipitation studies of plasma membranes from COS-7 cells transfected with ERalpha and specific Galpha proteins demonstrated E(2)-stimulated interaction between ERalpha and Galpha(i) but not between ERalpha and either Galpha(q) or Galpha(s); the observed ERalpha-Galpha(i) interaction was blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 and by Ptox. E(2)-stimulated ERalpha-Galpha(i) interaction was also demonstrable in endothelial cell plasma membranes. Cotransfection of Galpha(i) into COS-7 cells expressing ERalpha and eNOS yielded a 3-fold increase in E(2)-mediated eNOS stimulation, whereas cotransfection with a protein regulator of G protein signaling, RGS4, inhibited the E(2) response. These findings indicate that eNOS stimulation by E(2) requires plasma membrane ERalpha coupling to Galpha(i) and that activated Galpha(i) mediates the requisite downstream signaling events. Thus, novel G protein coupling enables a subpopulation of ERalpha to initiate signal transduction at the cell surface. Similar mechanisms may underly the nongenomic actions of other steroid hormones.
Highly nonlinear As–S–Se glasses for all-optical switching (2002)

We have synthesized a series of chalcogenide glasses from the As-S-Se system that is designed to have strong nonlinearities. Measurements reveal that many of these glasses offer optical Kerr nonlinearities greater than 400 times that of fused silica at 1.25 and 1.55mum and figures of merit for all-optical switching greater than 5 at 1.55mum .
MDCT Analysis of Sinusoids: Exact Results and Applications to Coding Artifacts Reduction (2004)

Although widely used in many coding applications, the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) has the drawback of being sensitive to time shifts. With the popular choice of a sine window, we show that it is possible to compute an explicit formulation of this time dependency. Starting from the exact MDCT of a pure sine and a simple interpretation in terms of combined modulations, we propose a regularization method that computes a "pseudo-spectrum" for the set of MDCT coefficients. This pseudo-spectrum is shown to provide, at a low computational cost, a good approximation of the local spectrum of the signal, with an improved behavior with respect to frequency and phase than the classical MDCT spectrum, ie. the absolute value of the coefficients. Amongst other applications, this procedure can be used to reduce some of the artifacts that appear in MDCT-based audio coders at low bit-rates.
An energy-efficient 2.4-GHz PSK/16-QAM transmitter (2012)

A 2.4-GHz energy-efficient transmitter (TX) which supports multiple modulation schemes is reported. The proposed TX is based on the phase-selector architecture, where the modulation signal is generated by interpolating among quadrature phases at RF. This TX demonstrates the capability of supporting various PSK (OQPSK, HS-OQPSK, and 8-PSK) and the 16-QAM modulations. Fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process, the TX consumes 8.9 mW and 13.8 mW at PSK and QAM modes, respectively. The maximum data rate is 105 Mbps under -3 dBm output power and 10.6 % EVM.
Phosphorylation of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-I (2004)

Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-IL) isolated from mitochondrial outer membranes obtained in the presence of protein phosphatase inhibitors is readily recognized by phosphoamino acid antibodies. Mass spectrometric analysis of CPT-IL tryptic digests revealed the presence of three phosphopeptides including one with a protein kinase CKII (CKII) consensus site. Incubation of dephosphorylated outer membranes with protein kinases and [gamma-32P]ATP resulted in radiolabeling of CPT-I only by CKII. Using mass spectrometry, only one region of phosphorylation was detected in CPT-I isolated from CKII-treated mitochondria. The sequence of the peptide and position of phosphorylated amino acids have been determined unequivocally as FpSSPETDpSHRFGK (residues 740-752). Furthermore, incubation of dephosphorylated outer membranes with CKII and unlabeled ATP led to increased catalytic activity and rendered malonyl-CoA inhibition of CPT-I from competitive to uncompetitive. These observations identify a new mechanism for regulation of hepatic CPT-I by phosphorylation.
The synthesis of pyrano[2,3-b]quinoxalines related to molybdopterin (2001)

Two cobalt complexes, 5 and 7, both containing 11,11a-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]quinoxaline nuclei, were synthesised as model substances for the molybdenum cofactor of the oxomolybdoenzymes. The organic proligands for the ene-1,2-dithiolates, from which these complexes were formed, were 1,3-dithiol-2-ones, the dianionic ligands being liberated by reaction with caesium hydroxide. The pyran ring in the tetracyclic 1,3-dithiol-2-one proligands, 4b and 6, was formed by ring closure of the side-chain alcohol in a 4-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-5-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-one onto an aromatic quinoxaline via reaction with a chloroformate, generating 6-alkyloxycarbonyl-2-oxo-5a,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3]dithiolo[4′,5′:4,5]pyrano[2,3-b]quinoxalines which were then reduced with cyanoborohydride to give 6-alkyloxycarbonyl-5a,6,11,11a-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4H-[1,3]dithiolo[4′,5′:4,5]pyrano[2,3-b]quinoxalines – the proligands.
Large-scale power-combining and linearization in watt-class mmWave CMOS power amplifiers (2013)

Switching-class PAs employing device-stacking have been recently explored to meet the challenge of efficient power amplification at mmWave frequencies at moderate power levels of around 20dBm. In this paper, we propose the use of a single-step, large-scale (8-way), 75%-efficient lumped quarterwave power combiner that is co-designed with stacked Class-Elike PA unit cells to enable a Q-band 45nm SOI CMOS PA with a peak P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of 27.2dBm (>0.5W), peak PAE of 10.7% and 1dB flatness in P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> over nearly the entire Q-band (3346GHz). This measured output power level is approximately 5 × higher than prior reported mmWave silicon PAs. In order to support complex modulations with high average-efficiency, we also propose a novel linearizing architecture that combines largescale power combining, supply-switching for efficiency under backoff and dynamic load modulation for linearization. A second fully-integrated 42.5GHz 45nm SOI CMOS PA is implemented based on this architecture and achieves 60% of the peak efficiency at 6dB back-off.
Nucleolin Participates in DNA Double-Strand Break-Induced Damage Response through MDC1-Dependent Pathway (2012)

H2AX is an important factor for chromatin remodeling to facilitate accumulation of DNA damage-related proteins at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. In order to further understand the role of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR), we attempted to identify H2AX-interacting proteins by proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified nucleolin as one of candidates. Here, we show a novel role of a major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, in DDR. Nucleolin interacted with γ-H2AX and accumulated to laser micro-irradiated DSB damage sites. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay also displayed the accumulation of nucleolin around DSB sites. Nucleolin-depleted cells exhibited repression of both ATM-dependent phosphorylation following exposure to γ-ray and subsequent cell cycle checkpoint activation. Furthermore, nucleolin-knockdown reduced HR and NHEJ activity and showed decrease in IR-induced chromatin accumulation of HR/NHEJ factors, agreeing with the delayed kinetics of γ-H2AX focus. Moreover, nucleolin-knockdown decreased MDC1-related events such as focus formation of 53 BP1, RNF168, phosphorylated ATM, and H2A ubiquitination. Nucleolin also showed FACT-like activity for DSB damage-induced histone eviction from chromatin. Taken together, nucleolin could promote both ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DSB repair by functioning in an MDC1-related pathway through its FACT-like function.
Selective Reduction of Serrulatenol as a Route to Seco-Pseudopterosin Analogues (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Reduction of Serrulatenol as a Route to Seco-Pseudopterosin AnaloguesLinda M. Cowin and Ralph A. Massy-WestroppCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 12, 1790–1794Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50090a015https://doi.org/10.1021/np50090a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a rapid emergency hemorrhage panel (2010)

Limiting EHPs to bleeding patients and modifications to the process and assays used for hemostasis testing lead to TATs of less than 20 minutes for critical testing in the clinical laboratory.
Fouling of heat exchangers by dairy fluids - a review. (2005)

An open access copy of this article is available and complies with the copyright holder/publisher conditions.
Mechanisms of Lytic and Blastic Metastatic Disease of Bone (1982)

In the majority of skeletal metastases, new bone develops simultaneously with bone destruction. The roentgenogram indicates the net effect of these two processes. Where the bone formation predominates, the lesion appears sclerotic. Where bone destruction predominates, it appears lytic. Mixed lesions may also occur. There are two main mechanisms for the new bone formation. Those tumors associated with a suitable fibrous stroma develop islands of intramembranous ossification within the stroma, e.g., metastases from prostatic carcinoma. In the vast majority of metastases bone destruction is associated with reactive new bone formation. The latter is similar to callus associated with fracture repair. Myelomata and lymphomata are not associated with this reactive new bone formation. There are at least two main mechanisms for the bone destruction. The earlier and quantitatively more important phase is mediated via osteoclasts, neoplasms secreting a variety of osteoclast stimulating factors. The main humoral factor in myeloma and the lymphomata is probably osteoclast activating factor (OAF), whereas in the carcinomata it may be prostaglandin. Two thirds of human mammary carcinomata are osteolytically active in vitro. In a co-culture model, the osteolysis can be significantly reduced by prostaglandin inhibitors, diphosphonates and particularly, their combination. At a late stage, neoplastic or monocytic cells are directly responsible for the continuing bone destruction.
On the synthesis of 3(5)‐carbomethoxy‐4‐hetarylpyrazoles (1988)

Abstract 3(5)‐Carbomethoxy‐4‐hetarylpyrazoles 3 can be obtained by the aromatization of the corresponding cis ‐3‐benzamido‐3‐carbomethoxy‐4‐hetaryl‐Δ 1 ‐pyrazolines 2 obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of diazo‐methane with methyl Z ‐2‐benzamido‐3‐hetarylpropenoates 1. An explanation, based on FMO theory, for the different reactivity of the dipolarophiles with diazomethane is given.
Simple Synthesis of C Molecule Triggers Intense Research Effort (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSimple Synthesis of C Molecule Triggers Intense Research Effort"Buckminsterfullerene" can be prepared easily by vaporizing graphite, and chemists are scrambling to characterize this new form of carbonRUDY M. BAUMView Author Information C&EN San FranciscoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 44, 22–25Publication Date (Print):October 29, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 29 October 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n044.p022Copyright © 1990 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (473 KB) SUBJECTS:Carbon nanomaterials,Molecules,Nanospheres Get e-Alerts
Clinical Relevance of C-Reactive Protein During Follow-Up of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Aggrastat-to-Zocor Trial (2006)

Achieved levels of hsCRP at 30 days and 4 months after acute coronary syndrome are independently associated with long-term survival. Patients treated with more aggressive statin therapy are more likely to achieve lower levels of hsCRP.