gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silica-Supported Poly-γ-Mercaptopropylsiloxane Palladium(0) Complex: A Highly Active and Stereoselective Catalyst for Arylation of Styrene and Acrylic Acid (1997)

A silica-supported poly-γ-mercaptopropylsiloxane palladium(0) complex was prepared from poly-γ-mercaptopropylsiloxane and palladium chloride in acetone, followed by reduction with hydrazine in ethanol. The complex is a highly active and stereoselective catalyst for arylation of styrene and acrylic acid affording a variety of trans-stilbenes and substituted trans-cinnamic acids in high yields.
Pseudoprolines as Removable Turn Inducers:  Tools for the Cyclization of Small Peptides (2004)

The cyclization of small peptides which do not incorporate turn inducers is often difficult. We have developed a method involving the use of removable turn inducers, in the form of pseudoprolines, for the cyclization of difficult peptide sequences. The pseudoprolines induce a cisoid amide bond in the peptide backbone which facilitates cyclization. They are then readily removed to yield a cyclic peptide that does not contain any turn inducers.
Electroosmotic pumping within a chemical sensor system integrated on silicon (2002)

The concept of a multi-manifold flow system integrated on a silicon substrate with valveless switching of flows and electroosmotic pumping of an aqueous solvent is presented. Electroosmotic flow rates of 0.001 cm/s and 0.002 cm/s are obtained with fields of 100 and 180 V/cm, respectively, in an optimized system with thermal oxide insulation. The dielectric breakdown value of an oxide/nitride film 250 nm thick allows application of 200 V to the channels. Sample volumes on the order of 6 to 320 pL can be introduced into the sensing channel. While oxide appears to be a poor choice of insulator, a combination of oxide, nitride, and low-conductivity silicon will allow suitable voltages of 100 to 600 V to be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fed‐Batch Process for Pyruvate Production by Recombinant Escherichia coli YYC202 Strain (2003)

Abstract Fed‐batch fermentation was applied to the production of pyruvate by using a recombinant Escherichia coli YYC202 strain. This strain is completely blocked in its ability to convert pyruvate into acetyl‐CoA or acetate, resulting in acetate auxotrophy during growth in glucose minimal medium. By controlling acetate and glucose feed rate, a series of lab‐scale fed‐batch experiments were performed at pH 7 and 37 °C. CO 2 production rate ( CTR ) was used for on‐line regulation of the acetate feed rate. The correlation between CTR and acetate consumption rate ( ACR ) was determined experimentally. At optimal process conditions a final pyruvate concentration higher than 62 g/L, a space‐time yield of up to 42 g/L/d and pyruvate/glucose molar yield of 1.11 mol/mol were achieved. Experimental evidence was gathered that pyruvate export is active.
Enhanced proliferative effects of a baculovirus-produced fusion protein of insulin-like growth factor and α1-proteinase inhibitor and improved anti-elastase activity of the inhibitor with glutamate at position 351 (2002)

Alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (API) was coupled at the C-terminus of a human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) analog to facilitate its production in insect cells. This fusion protein significantly increased thymidine incorporation into HL-60 cells as compared with the incorporation observed with an equivalent molar mixture of the IGF analog and API. The M351E variant of API has been previously shown to reduce aggregate formation in prokaryotic expression systems. When the oxidation-sensitive methionine 351 of the inhibitor was changed to glutamate, the M351E variant was secreted in larger amounts from insect cells than the corresponding fusion protein with wild-type API. The M351E fusion protein and the corresponding chimera containing the wild-type API were tested for their capacity to inhibit human neutrophil elastase. The M351E variant was a more potent elastase inhibitor than the fusion protein containing the wild-type analog, whereas the proliferative activity of both chimeras was identical. The described mitogenic effect of the chimera and the improved anti-elastase activity of the M351E variant are two ideal properties for therapeutic agents acting in pathological situations where cell proliferation and inhibition of neutrophil elastase have to take place simultaneously, such as during wound healing.
Diversity, Activity, and Evolution of CRISPR Loci in Streptococcus thermophilus (2007)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are hypervariable loci widely distributed in prokaryotes that provide acquired immunity against foreign genetic elements. Here, we characterize a novel Streptococcus thermophilus locus, CRISPR3, and experimentally demonstrate its ability to integrate novel spacers in response to bacteriophage. Also, we analyze CRISPR diversity and activity across three distinct CRISPR loci in several S. thermophilus strains. We show that both CRISPR repeats and cas genes are locus specific and functionally coupled. A total of 124 strains were studied, and 109 unique spacer arrangements were observed across the three CRISPR loci. Overall, 3,626 spacers were analyzed, including 2,829 for CRISPR1 (782 unique), 173 for CRISPR2 (16 unique), and 624 for CRISPR3 (154 unique). Sequence analysis of the spacers revealed homology and identity to phage sequences (77%), plasmid sequences (16%), and S. thermophilus chromosomal sequences (7%). Polymorphisms were observed for the CRISPR repeats, CRISPR spacers, cas genes, CRISPR motif, locus architecture, and specific sequence content. Interestingly, CRISPR loci evolved both via polarized addition of novel spacers after exposure to foreign genetic elements and via internal deletion of spacers. We hypothesize that the level of diversity is correlated with relative CRISPR activity and propose that the activity is highest for CRISPR1, followed by CRISPR3, while CRISPR2 may be degenerate. Globally, the dynamic nature of CRISPR loci might prove valuable for typing and comparative analyses of strains and microbial populations. Also, CRISPRs provide critical insights into the relationships between prokaryotes and their environments, notably the coevolution of host and viral genomes.
Carbamate Insecticides, Some Structural Relationships of a Group of Simple Alkyl Phenyl N-Methylcarbamates to Anticholinesterase Activity (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbamate Insecticides, Some Structural Relationships of a Group of Simple Alkyl Phenyl N-Methylcarbamates to Anticholinesterase ActivityG. K. Kohn, J. N. Ospenson, and J. E. MooreCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1965, 13, 3, 232–235Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60139a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60139a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Researching actor power: analyzing mechanisms of interaction in negotiations over space (2002)

Turning complex theories on social power into research practice is no easy task. Drawing on recent debates in geography and associated disciplines, this paper illustrates one means of operationalizing the study of power deployed by actors in a negotiating arena through the elucidation of motives, resources and tactics. The discussion is based on the methods and findings of a case study of community involvement in protected area planning.
Tissue, Developmental, and Tumor-Specific Expression of Divergent Transcripts in Wilms Tumor (1990)

The Wilms tumor locus on chromosome 11p13 has been mapped to a region defined by overlapping, tumor-specific deletions. Complementary DNA clones representing transcripts of 2.5 (WIT-1) and 3.5 kb (WIT-2) mapping to this region were isolated from a kidney complementary DNA library. Expression of WIT-1 and WIT-2 was restricted to kidney and spleen. RNase protection revealed divergent transcription of WIT-1 and WIT-2, originating from a DNA region of less than 600 bp. Both transcripts were present at high concentrations in fetal kidney and at much reduced amounts in 5-year-old and adult kidneys. Eleven of 12 Wilms tumors classified as histopathologically heterogeneous exhibited absent or reduced expression of WIT-2, whereas only 4 of 14 histopathologically homogeneous tumors showed reduced expression. These data demonstrate a molecular basis for the pathogenetic heterogeneity in Wilms tumorigenesis.
Anemia of Chronic Disease (2005)

New therapeutic strategies have emerged along with our understanding that disturbances of iron homeostasis, impaired proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, and blunted erythropoietin response occur in anemia of chronic disease. This review discusses advances in our knowledge of the causes and management of the condition.
A motion-stabilized outdoor augmented reality system (2003)

Almost all previous Augmented Reality (AR) systems work indoors. Outdoor AR systems offer the potential for new application areas. However, building an outdoor AR system is difficult due to portability constraints, the inability to modify the environment, and the greater range of operating conditions. We demonstrate a hybrid tracker that stabilizes an outdoor AR display with respect to user motion, achieving more accurate registration than previously shown in an outdoor AR system. The hybrid tracker combines rate gyros with a compass and tilt orientation sensor in a near real-time system. Sensor distortions and delays required compensation to achieve good results. The measurements from the two sensors are fused together to compensate for each other's limitations. From static locations with moderate head rotation rates, peak registration errors are /spl sim/2 degrees, with typical errors under 1 degree, although errors can become larger over long time periods due to compass drift. Without our stabilization, even small motions make the display nearly unreadable.
Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Strategy against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clade C: Skewing The Immune Response Toward A Helper T Cell Type 2 Profile (2007)

Given the continued spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 worldwide, developing efficient vaccine strategies against HIV-1 is a key task. We tested the safety and immunogenicity of a multicomponent, cell-based vaccine that consisted of antigen-expressing apoptotic bodies with or without autologous dendritic cells (DCs). The vaccine strategy involved transfection of human 293T cells with codon-optimized DNA vectors expressing env of HIV1084i, a newly transmitted pediatric HIV-1 clade C strain; SHIV89.6P tat; and SIVmac239 gag-protease. Apoptotic bodies were generated by heat shock and ultraviolet irradiation and mixed either with mouse DCs (DC-cell vaccine) or given directly (cell-only vaccine) to BALB/c mice for initial priming; boosts consisted of apoptotic bodies only. The immunogens were well tolerated with or without DCs. Compared with the cell-only vaccine, the DC-cell vaccine induced higher antibody titers against all three antigens, whereas virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were equally strong in both groups. Iso-type analysis of viral antigen-specific antibodies revealed a skewing toward helper T type 2 responses induced by the DC-cell vaccine but not by the cell-only vaccine. In summary, both vaccine strategies were safe and induced cellular as well as humoral antiviral immunity; the DC-based approach had the advantage of significantly stronger antibody responses.
Water Durable Lithium Ion Conducting Composite Membranes from the Li[sub 2]O-Al[sub 2]O[sub 3]-TiO[sub 2]-P[sub 2]O[sub 5] Glass-Ceramic (2007)

In this paper, processing and properties of water durable solid electrolyte membranes prepared from a glass-ceramic powder in the system are reported. Specifically, ionic conductivity, microstructure, and water stability of thick membranes of the glass-ceramic and its composite with polyethylene are investigated and discussed. The grains (crystallites) of the glass-ceramic show liquidlike conductivity at ambient temperature, whereas the grain boundary conductivity is lower by a factor of about 3. The ratio between the grain and grain boundary conductivities in the temperature range of varies by a factor of 3 to 14. The lower the temperature, the larger the ratio. The difference in conductivities is explained on the basis of crystallographic mismatch and the existence of crystalline at the grain boundary. The membranes were very stable in tap water. The polyethylene infiltration further improved water stability with little impact on conductivity.
Anti-Cancer Activity of a Novel Small Molecule Compound That Simultaneously Activates p53 and Inhibits NF-κB Signaling (2012)

The p53 and NF-κB pathways play important roles in diverse cellular functions, including cell growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Mutations that inactivate the p53 gene and constitutive NF-κB pathway activation are common occurrences in human cancers. Although many drugs are being developed that selectively activate p53 or inhibit NF-κB, there are few drug candidates that can do both. Simultaneous activation of p53 and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is therefore a prime target for new cancer drug development. This study is the first report of a high-throughput approach with mass compounds that concurrently target both pathways. Using a cell-based screening assay and a library of 200,000 synthetic compounds, we identified 9 small molecules that simultaneously inhibit NF-κB and activate p53. One of these compounds, N-2, increased the expression of p53 target genes, including p21 and GADD45a. In addition, N-2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, concomitantly repressing interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. When cell lines derived from a diverse range of cancers were treated in vitro with N-2, we observed increased cell death. N-2 also significantly inhibited allograft growth in murine models of melanoma and lung carcinoma. Our findings suggest that N-2 may act as a bivalent anti-cancer agent through simultaneous modulation of NF-κB and p53 activities.
<title>Data warehousing with Oracle</title> (1999)

With the emergence of data warehousing, Decision support systems have evolved to its best. At the core of these warehousing systems lies a good database management system. Database server, used for data warehousing, is responsible for providing robust data management, scalability, high performance query processing and integration with other servers. Oracle being the initiator in warehousing servers, provides a wide range of features for facilitating data warehousing. This paper is designed to review the features of data warehousing - conceptualizing the concept of data warehousing and, lastly, features of Oracle servers for implementing a data warehouse.
A new approach for clinical biological assay comparison and standardization: application of principal component analysis to a multicenter study of twenty-one carcinoembryonic antigen immunoassay kits. (1999)

PCA applied to the in vitro diagnostic reagent field could contribute to the standardization process and improve the quality of medical laboratory analyses. A standardization method using a panel of patient sera is proposed.
A novel pH‐responsive interpolyelectrolyte hydrogel complex for the oral delivery of levodopa. Part I. IPEC modeling and synthesis (2014)

This study was undertaken to synthesize an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of polymethacrylate (E100) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to form a polymeric hydrogel material for application in specialized oral drug delivery of sensitive levodopa. Computational modeling was employed to proffer insight into the interactions between the polymers. In addition, the reactional profile of NaCMC and polymethacrylate was elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) by exploring the spatial disposition of NaCMC and E100 with respect to each other. Computational modeling revealed that the formation of the IPEC was due to strong ionic associations, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophilic interactions. The computational results corroborated well with the experimental and the analytical data.
High power and high efficiency green light emitting diode on free‐standing semipolar (11$ \bar 2 $2) bulk GaN substrate (2007)

Abstract We demonstrate a high power green InGaN/GaN multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) light emitting diode (LED) with a peak emission wavelength of 516 nm grown on low extended defect density semipolar (11 $ \bar 2 $ 2) bulk GaN substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) at drive currents of 20 and 100 mA under direct current (DC) operation were 5.0 mW, 10.5% and 15.6 mW, 6.3%, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
JSP Pages (2015)

This chapter is all about the “view” layer of an application. For Java web applications, that of course means .jsp files. The JavaServer Pages (JSPs) that we create will contain both HTML and a small amount of JSTL (tag library) code that outputs variables from our ActionBeans. We’ve already seen one example of this in Chapter 3’s Listing 3-3.
Neuraminidase hemadsorption activity, conserved in avian influenza A viruses, does not influence viral replication in ducks (1997)

The N1 and N9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of influenza A viruses exhibit significant hemadsorption activity that localizes to a site distinct from that of the enzymatic active site. To determine the conservation of hemadsorption activity among different NAs, we have examined most of the NA subtypes from avian, swine, equine, and human virus isolates. All subtypes of avian virus NAs examined and one equine virus N8 NA possessed high levels of hemadsorption activity. A swine virus N1 NA exhibited only weak hemadsorption activity, while in human virus N1 and N2 NAs, the activity was detected at a much lower level than in avian virus NAs. NAs which possessed hemadsorption activity for chicken erythrocytes (RBCs) were similarly able to adsorb human RBCs. However, none of the hemadsorption-positive NAs could bind equine, swine, or bovine RBCs, suggesting that RBCs from these species lack molecules, recognized by the NA hemadsorption site, present on human and chicken RBCs. Mutagenesis of the putative hemadsorption site of A/duck/Hong Kong/7/75 N2 NA abolished the high level of hemadsorption activity exhibited by the wild-type protein but also resulted in a 50% reduction of the NA enzymatic activity. A transfectant virus, generated by reverse genetics, containing this mutated NA replicated 10-fold less efficiently in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures than did a transfectant virus expressing the wild-type NA. However, both viruses replicated equally well in Peking ducks. Although conservation of NA hemadsorption activity among avian virus NAs suggests the maintenance of a required function of NA, loss of the activity does not preclude the replication of the virus in an avian host.
Local inflammation occurs before systemic inflammation in patients with COPD (2010)

The increase in the inflammatory cell population and IL-6 and CRP levels in the airway may occur earlier than in the peripheral blood, and reflect the degree of airflow limitation better than do peripheral blood measurements. Systemic inflammation may be present in patients with severe or very severe COPD.
Converting light into spectrally pure microwave oscillation (1996)

We present theoretical and experimental results for a novel oscillator that converts continuous light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic oscillator can generate ultrastable spectrally pure microwave reference frequencies as high as 75 GHz with a phase noise lower than 2140 dBcyHz at 10 kHz, independent of oscillation frequency.
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by 2-bromooctanoate. Evidence for the enzymatic formation of 2-bromo-3-ketooctanoyl coenzyme A and the inhibition of 3-ketothiolase. (1979)

Incubation of rat liver mitochondria with 10 microM DL-2-bromooctanoate causes complete and irreversible inactivation of 3-ketothiolase I (acyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase). Evidence is presented that mitochondria convert bromooctanoate to 2-bromo-3-ketooctanoyl-CoA, an alpha-haloketone which is probably the active form of the inhibitor. The inactivation is accompanied by incorporation of radioactivity from [1-14C]bromooctanoate into the enzyme. Bromooctanoate does not affect the activities of the other enzymes of beta-oxidation, except for 3-ketothiolase II (acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase), which becomes partially inhibited. Evidence is also presented that various enzymes of beta-oxidation can use 2-bromooctanoyl-CoA and its beta-oxidation products as substrates.
Treatment of phantom limb pain (PLP) based on augmented reality and gaming controlled by myoelectric pattern recognition: a case study of a chronic PLP patient (2014)

A variety of treatments have been historically used to alleviate phantom limb pain (PLP) with varying efficacy. Recently, virtual reality (VR) has been employed as a more sophisticated mirror therapy. Despite the advantages of VR over a conventional mirror, this approach has retained the use of the contralateral limb and is therefore restricted to unilateral amputees. Moreover, this strategy disregards the actual effort made by the patient to produce phantom motions. In this work, we investigate a treatment in which the virtual limb responds directly to myoelectric activity at the stump, while the illusion of a restored limb is enhanced through augmented reality (AR). Further, phantom motions are facilitated and encouraged through gaming. The proposed set of technologies was administered to a chronic PLP patient who has shown resistance to a variety of treatments (including mirror therapy) for 48 years. Individual and simultaneous phantom movements were predicted using myoelectric pattern recognition and were then used as input for VR and AR environments, as well as for a racing game. The sustained level of pain reported by the patient was gradually reduced to complete pain-free periods. The phantom posture initially reported as a strongly closed fist was gradually relaxed, interestingly resembling the neutral posture displayed by the virtual limb. The patient acquired the ability to freely move his phantom limb, and a telescopic effect was observed where the position of the phantom hand was restored to the anatomically correct distance. More importantly, the effect of the interventions was positively and noticeably perceived by the patient and his relatives. Despite the limitation of a single case study, the successful results of the proposed system in a patient for whom other medical and non-medical treatments have been ineffective justifies and motivates further investigation in a wider study.