gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From otoacoustic emission modeling to bionic wavelet transform (2002)

Bionic Wavelet Transform (BWT), a new realtime adaptive method, is proposed in this paper based on understanding of the peripheral hearing system. The resolutions of BWT in the time-frequency domain can be adaptively adjusted not only by the signal frequency but also by other parameters of the signal, such as signal amplitude. Simulation results show new properties in time-frequency representation of this nonlinear transform.
Separation and imaging of seismic diffractions using migrated dip-angle gathers (2012)

ABSTRACT Common-reflection angle migration can produce migrated gathers either in the scattering-angle domain or in the dip-angle domain. The latter reveals a clear distinction between reflection and diffraction events. We derived analytical expressions for events in the dip-angle domain and found that the shape difference can be used for reflection/diffraction separation. We defined reflection and diffraction models in the Radon space. The Radon transform allowed us to isolate diffractions from reflections and noise. The separation procedure can be performed after either time migration or depth migration. Synthetic and real data examples confirmed the validity of this technique.
Expression of Noncovalent Hepatitis C Virus Envelope E1-E2 Complexes Is Not Required for the Induction of Antibodies with Neutralizing Properties following DNA Immunization (1999)

Interactive glycoproteins present on the surface of viral particles represent the main target of neutralizing antibodies. The ability of DNA vaccination to induce antibodies directed at such structures was investigated by using eight different expression plasmids engineered either to favor or to prevent interaction between the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. Independently of the injection route (intramuscular or intraepidermal), plasmids expressing antigens capable of forming heterodimers presumed to be the prebudding form of the HCV envelope protein complex failed to induce any significant, stable antibodies following injection in mice. In sharp contrast, high titers of antibodies directed at both conformational and linear determinants were induced by using plasmids expressing severely truncated antigens that have lost the ability to form native complexes. In addition, only a truncated form of E2 induced antibodies reacting against the hypervariable region 1 of E2 (specifically with the C-terminal part of it) known to contain a neutralization site. When injected intraepidermally into small primates, the truncated E2-encoding plasmid induced antibodies able to neutralize in vitro the binding of a purified E2 protein onto susceptible cells. Because such antibodies have been associated with viral clearance in both humans and chimpanzees, these findings may have important implications for the development of protective immunity against HCV.
Managing Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (1999)

Painful neuropathy affects up to 5% of patients with diabetes. Although the pain is often difficult to treat, the choice of drugs has broadened. Included are tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, anticonvulsants, and antiarrhythmics.
Bipolar Gold(III) Complexes for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Devices with a Small Efficiency Roll-Off (2014)

A new class of bipolar alkynylgold(III) complexes containing triphenylamine and benzimidazole moieties has been synthesized, characterized, and applied as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of solution-processable organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The incorporation of methyl groups in the central phenyl unit has been found to rigidify the molecule to reduce nonradiative decay, yielding a high photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 75% in spin-coated thin films. In addition, the realization of highly efficient solution-processable OLEDs with an extremely small external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off has been demonstrated. At practical brightness level of 1000 cd m(-2), the optimized devices exhibited a high EQE of up to 10.0% and an extremely small roll-off of less than 1%.
Mutant proteins of human interleukin 2 (1989)

Muteins, i.e. proteins altered by mutation of their genes, of interleukin 2 (Il2) were generated by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in vitro. All acidic and basic residues conserved between man and mouse were exchanged as well as four lipophilic residues contained within four hydrophobic segments of the protein. The muteins were produced in Escherichia coli and submitted to a renaturation and purification protocol, before bioactivity and receptor binding of each of them was determined. All muteins besides two (K44/T125 and Q110/T125) could be renatured and purified. One mutein (K94/T125) exhibited a more than tenfold-improved renaturation yield. One amino exchange (Asp-20 to Asn) resulted in an about 20-fold reduction in proliferative activity and high-affinity receptor binding. The binding to the low-affinity Il2-binding protein (Tac antigen) was unimpaired. A second exchange (Arg-38 to Gln) had no effect on proliferative activity. The binding to both the high- and the low-affinity receptor, however, was reduced about 20-fold. Preliminary trials on the stability of these muteins by guanidinium hydrochloride denaturation studies detected no differences between wild-type interleukin 2 and muteins. It is suggested that Asp-20 forms part of the binding site for the large receptor subunit whereas Arg-38 is involved in the contact site to the small subunit.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS UNDER METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS (2004)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widely distributed organic contaminants in aquatic sediments due to their presence in coal and petroleum. While it has been demonstrated that PAHs are degraded under anaerobic conditions, little is known about the microorganisms responsible for PAH degradation. This study demonstrates not only the first isolations of naphthalene (NAP)- and phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading microorganisms under methanogenic conditions by utilizing modified plating methods but also the first identification and isolation of a fermentative bacterium responsible for initiating a syntrophic PHE-degradation. Molecular characterization of PAH-degrading methanogenic cultures via comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis was employed to monitor the microbial community structure and consequently to design isolation strategies for the possible microbial species responsible for PAH-degradation. To isolate PAH-degrading microbes under anaerobic conditions, a modified plating method was first developed for detecting microorganisms degrading solid PAHs on the agar-overlay plate. It was also verified that this method was not only applicable for the isolation of both aerobic and anaerobic PAH-degrading microorganisms but also effective to solve problems existing with other previous isolation methods. By employing the modified plating method, PHE-degrading microorganisms under methanogenic conditions were successfully isolated from the enrichment cultures. The degradation of PHE was partially inhibited by 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid; however, no 14CH4 was detected when [9-14C] PHE was employed, indicating partial mineralization of PHE. One species of bacterium was isolated and identified as an initial microbial catalyst for PHE-degradation. NAP-degrading microorganisms under methanogenic conditions were also isolated by employing an agar-overlay containing evenly dispersed fine particles of NAP. One species of the bacteria was identified to be the same microorganism as a fermentative bacterium initiating a syntrophic PHE-degradation, and the other one showed a syntrophic relationship with methanogen species. The results presented here will likely contribute to the development of the isolation techniques and the identification of microbial consortia for the biodegradation of PAHs under anaerobic conditions.
Image quality analyzer (2012)

Image quality analyzer (IQA) which used as device for efficiency analysis of adaptive optics application is described. In analyzer marketed possibility estimations quality of images on three different criterions of quality images: contrast, sharpnesses and the spectral criterion. At present given analyzer is introduced on Big Solar Vacuum Telescope in stale work that allows at observations to conduct the choice of the most contrasting images of Sun. Is it hereinafter planned use the analyzer in composition of the ANGARA adaptive correction system.
Dynamical System Modulation for Robot Learning via Kinesthetic Demonstrations (2008)

We present a system for robust robot skill acquisition from kinesthetic demonstrations. This system allows a robot to learn a simple goal-directed gesture and correctly reproduce it despite changes in the initial conditions and perturbations in the environment. It combines a dynamical system control approach with tools of statistical learning theory and provides a solution to the inverse kinematics problem when dealing with a redundant manipulator. The system is validated on two experiments involving a humanoid robot: putting an object into a box and reaching for and grasping an object.
Speaker-Machine Interaction in a Limited Speech Recognition System (1970)

The performance of a speaker-independent limited speech recognition system for adult male and female speakers is examined. In cases of incorrect recognition, on the basis of results, the speaker is instructed to change his articulation to effect correct recognition. Methods of changes in articulation and the effects they have on recognition performance are discussed. The vocabulary used consists of 55 /əCVd/ syllables, where C is one of six stop and five fricative consonants, and V is one of five tense vowels. The recognition depends on the extraction of several acoustic features. The positions of spectral energy concentrations are determined and their relative movements are tracked, especially along the CV transitions. [This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health.]
A Method for Patterning Multiple Types of Cells by Using Electrochemical Desorption of Self‐Assembled Monolayers within Microfluidic Channels (2006)

Fenced in: Selective electrochemical desorption of self-assembled monolayers of HS(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)6OH was carried out on parts of a gold substrate restricted to microfluidic channels. This chemical transformation activates parts of the surface for adhesion of multiple types of cells with well-controlled geometry.
Uterine papillary serous and clear cell carcinomas predict for poorer survival compared to grade 3 endometrioid corpus cancers (2006)

To compare the survival of women with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and clear cell carcinoma (CC) to those with grade 3 endometrioid uterine carcinoma (G3EC). Demographic, pathologic, treatment, and survival information were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 1988 to 2001. Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods. Of 4180 women, 1473 had UPSC, 391 had CC, and 2316 had G3EC cancers. Uterine papillary serous carcinoma and CC patients were older (median age: 70 years and 68 vs 66 years, respectively; P<0.0001) and more likely to be black compared to G3EC (15 and 12% vs 7%; P<0.0001). A higher proportion of UPSC and CC patients had stage III-IV disease compared to G3EC patients (52 and 36% vs 29%; P<0.0001). Uterine papillary serous carcinoma, CC and G3EC patients represent 10, 3, and 15% of endometrial cancers but account for 39, 8, and 27% of cancer deaths, respectively. The 5-year disease-specific survivals for women with UPSC, CC and G3EC were 55, 68, and 77%, respectively (P<0.0001). The survival differences between UPSC, CC and G3EC persist after controlling for stage I-II (74, 82, and 86%; P<0.0001) and stage III-IV disease (33, 40, and 54; P<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, more favourable histology (G3EC), younger age, and earlier stage were independent predictors of improved survival. Women with UPSC and CC of the uterus have a significantly poorer prognosis compared to those with G3EC. These findings should be considered in the counselling, treating and designing of future trials for these high-risk patients.
Structure, exon pattern, and chromosome mapping of the gene for cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (sod-1) from Neurospora crassa. (1990)

A 4.8-kilobase BamHI-HindIII fragment encoding the entire Neurospora crassa CuZn superoxide dismutase gene (herein designated sod-1) was isolated from a genomic library using two 60-base deoxyoligonucleotide probes corresponding to the published N. crassa amino acid sequence. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encodes an amino acid sequence matching the published protein sequence at 152 of 153 positions. Codon preference shows an unusually strong bias such that only 32 of the possible 61 codons are used, with no codons ending in A. Codon usage is that of highly expressed N. crassa genes. The gene contains three introns, none of which corresponds to any of the introns previously identified in the human gene. Analysis of the intron positions provides support for the hypothesis that CuZn superoxide dismutases evolved by gene duplication and fusion followed by the addition of exons encoding an N-terminal beta-hairpin and a zinc-binding subdomain. The N. crassa gene has an intron mapping to amino acid residue 114 in a sequence-conserved region of the protein whereas the human gene has an intron mapping to a similar but not identical position at residue 118. The discordant position of these introns suggests that one of them was inserted relatively recently. The first N. crassa intron contains a sequence that is similar to the transcriptional regulatory site, UAS1, of the yeast CYC1 (iso-1-cytochrome c) gene and to a putative UAS from the yeast manganese superoxide dismutase gene. A 10-nucleotide portion of this region also matches exactly a sequence in intron 2 of the con-10 gene of N. crassa. sod-1 was mapped to the left arm of chromosome I by following the segregation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism in a sexual cross. Although results indicate that there is a single gene for cytosolic CuZn superoxide dismutase, two additional, perhaps distantly related, sequences were identified that hybridized weakly to both oligonucleotide probes.
Liver X Receptor Is a Therapeutic Target for Photoaging and Chronological Skin Aging (2008)

Liver X receptors (LXRalpha and -beta) are liposensors that exert their metabolic effects by orchestrating the expression of macrophage genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. LXRs are also expressed in other tissues, including skin, where their natural oxysterol ligands induce keratinocyte differentiation and improve epidermal barrier function. To extend the potential use of LXR ligands to dermatological indications, we explored the possibility of using LXR as a target for skin aging. We demonstrate that LXR signaling is down-regulated in cell-based models of photoaging, i.e. UV-activated keratinocytes and TNFalpha-activated dermal fibroblasts. We show that a synthetic LXR ligand inhibits the expression of cytokines and metalloproteinases in these in vitro models, thus indicating its potential in decreasing cutaneous inflammation associated with the etiology of photoaging. Furthermore, a synthetic LXR ligand induces the expression of differentiation markers, ceramide biosynthesis enzymes, and lipid synthesis and transport genes in keratinocytes. Remarkably, LXRbeta-null mouse skin showed some of the molecular defects that are observed in chronologically aged human skin. Finally, we demonstrate that a synthetic LXR agonist inhibits UV-induced photodamage and skin wrinkle formation in a murine model of photoaging. Therefore, the ability of an LXR ligand to modulate multiple pathways underlying the etiology of skin aging suggests that LXR is a novel target for developing potential therapeutics for photoaging and chronological skin aging indications.
Radiative cooling of solar cells (2014)

Standard solar cells heat up under sunlight. The resulting increased temperature of the solar cell has adverse consequences on both its efficiency and its reliability. We introduce a general approach to radiatively lower the operating temperature of a solar cell through sky access, while maintaining its solar absorption. We first present an ideal scheme for the radiative cooling of solar cells. For an example case of a bare crystalline silicon solar cell, we show that the ideal scheme can passively lower its operating temperature by 18.3 K. We then demonstrate a microphotonic design based on real material properties that approaches the performance of the ideal scheme. We also show that the radiative cooling effect is substantial, even in the presence of significant convection and conduction and parasitic solar absorption in the cooling layer, provided that we design the cooling layer to be sufficiently thin.
Efficient diode-pumped CW and Q -switched single-mode fibre laser (1986)

We report the efficient operation an Nd3+-doped silica single-mode fibre laser pumped by a GaAlAs laser diode. A CW output power in excess of 1 mW at 1.088 μm has been obtained with a slope efficiency of 33%. Q-switched operation of this device is also reported.
Droplet Formation Utilizing Controllable Moving-Wall Structures for Double-Emulsion Applications (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The formation of microscale single- and double-emulsion droplets with various sizes is crucial for a variety of industrial applications. In this paper, we report a new microfluidic device which can actively fine-tune the size of single- and doubleemulsion droplets in liquids by utilizing controllable movingwall structures. Moreover, various sizes of external and internal droplets for double emulsions are also successfully formed by using this device. Three pneumatic side chambers are placed at a T-junction and flow-focusing channels to construct the controllable moving-wall structures. When compressed air is applied to the pneumatic side chambers, the controllable moving-wall structures are activated, thus physically changing the width of the microchannels. The size of the internal droplets at the intersection of the T-junction channel is then fine-tuned due to the increase in the shear force. Then, the internal droplets are focused into a narrow stream hydrodynamically and finally chopped into double-emulsion droplets using another pair of moving-wall structures downstream. For single emulsions, oil-in-water droplets can be actively fine-tuned from 50.07 to 21.80 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex> </formula> under applied air pressures from 10 to 25 psi with a variation of less than 3.53%. For a water-in-oil single emulsion, droplets range from 50.32 to 14.76 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> with a variation of less than 4.62% under the same applied air pressures. For double emulsions, the sizes of the external and internal droplets can be fine-tuned with external/internal droplet diameter ratios ranging from 1.69 to 2.75. The development of this microfluidic device is promising for a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hfill$</tex></formula>[2007-0230] </para>
Inhibition of Tumor Growth by the Peptidoglycan From Bacillus megaterium 2 (1977)

When injected in admixture with tumor cells, the peptidoglycan extracted from Bacillus megaterium inhibited the growth of a chemically induced fibrosarcoma in syngeneic rats. In some instances, the tumor growth was totally suppressed. Animals rejecting mixed inocula exhibited a tumor-specific immunity. Peptidoglycan was not cytotoxic for tumor cells; it rendered macrophages nonspecifically cytotoxic.
Potent neutralization of anthrax edema toxin by a humanized monoclonal antibody that competes with calmodulin for edema factor binding (2009)

This study describes the isolation and characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against anthrax edema factor, EF13D. EF13D neutralized edema toxin (ET)-mediated cyclic AMP (cAMP) responses in cells and protected mice from both ET-induced footpad edema and systemic ET-mediated lethality. The antibody epitope was mapped to domain IV of EF. The mAb was able to compete with calmodulin (CaM) for EF binding and displaced CaM from EF-CaM complexes. EF-mAb binding affinity (0.05-0.12 nM) was 50- to 130-fold higher than that reported for EF-CaM. This anti-EF neutralizing mAb could potentially be used alone or with an anti-PA mAb in the emergency prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax infection.
Dielectric functions and optical parameters of Si, Ge, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb from 1.5 to 6.0 eV (1983)

We report values of pseudodielectric functions $〈\ensuremath{\epsilon}〉=〈{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}〉+i〈{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}〉$ measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry and refractive indices $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{n}=n+ik$, reflectivities $R$, and absorption coefficients $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ calculated from these data. Rather than correct ellipsometric results for the presence of overlayers, we have removed these layers as far as possible using the real-time capability of the spectroscopic ellipsometer to assess surface quality during cleaning. Our results are compared with previous data. In general, there is good agreement among optical parameters measured on smooth, clean, and undamaged samples maintained in an inert atmosphere regardless of the technique used to obtain the data. Differences among our data and previous results can generally be understood in terms of inadequate sample preparation, although results obtained by Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflectance measurements often show effects due to improper extrapolations. The present results illustrate the importance of proper sample preparation and of the capability of separately determining both ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$ in optical measurements.
Analyses of all matrix metalloproteinase members in leukocytes emphasize monocytes as major inflammatory mediators in multiple sclerosis (2003)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in multiple sclerosis where one of their roles may be to facilitate the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into the CNS. Studies have focused on only a few MMPs, and much remains unknown of which of the 23 MMP family members is/are critical to the multiple sclerosis disease process. Using quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions, we have systematically analysed the expression of all 23 MMP members in subsets of leukocytes isolated from the blood of normal individuals. We found a distinctive pattern of MMP expression in different cellular populations: MMP-11, MMP-26 and MMP-27 were enriched in B cells, while MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-24 and MMP-28 were prominent in T lymphocytes. Of interest is the enrichment of a majority of MMP members in monocytes: MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-14, MMP-19 and MMP-25. MMP-2 and MMP-17 were also significantly represented in monocytes, although B cells had significant amounts of these MMPs. In correspondence with their strong expression of many MMP members, monocytes migrated more rapidly across a model of the blood-brain barrier in culture than T or B lymphocytes. Finally, we found higher levels of two of the monocyte-expressed MMPs in multiple sclerosis patients compared with normal individuals: MMP-2 and MMP-14. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 was also elevated in monocytes from multiple sclerosis patients, providing a mechanism for the reported activation of MMP-2 by MMP-14 and TIMP-2. These results emphasize that monocytes are prominent contributors of the neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis through a mechanism that involves their high MMP expression and that they identify specific MMP members as targets for novel therapeutics in the disease.