gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein G of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus (1990)

Bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus causes a severe lower respiratory tract disease in calves similar to the disease in children caused by human respiratory syncytial (HRS) virus. While there is antigenic cross-reactivity among the other major viral structural proteins, the major glycoprotein, G, of BRS virus and that of HRS virus are antigenically distinct. The G glycoprotein has been implicated as the attachment protein for HRS virus. We have carried out a molecular comparison of the glycoprotein G of BRS virus with the HRS virus counterparts. cDNA clones corresponding to the BRS virus G glycoprotein mRNA were isolated and analyzed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing. The BRS virus G mRNA contained 838 nucleotides exclusive of poly(A) and had a major open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 257 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the BRS virus G polypeptide showed only 29 to 30% amino acid identity with the G protein of either the subgroup A or B HRS virus. However, despite this low level of identity, there were strong similarities in the predicted hydropathy profiles of the BRS virus and HRS virus G proteins. A cDNA molecule containing the complete BRS virus G major open reading frame was inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus by homologous recombination, and a recombinant virus containing the BRS virus G protein gene was isolated. This recombinant virus expressed the BRS virus G protein, as demonstrated by Western immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence of infected cells. The BRS virus G protein expressed from the recombinant vector was transported to and expressed on the surface of infected cells. Antisera to the BRS virus G protein made by using the recombinant vector to immunize animals recognized the BRS virus attachment protein but not the HRS virus G protein and vice versa, confirming the lack of antigenic cross-reactivity between the BRS and HRS virus attachment proteins. On the basis of the data presented here, we conclude that BRS virus should be classified within the genus Pneumovirus in a group separate from HRS virus and that it is no more closely related to HRS virus subgroup A than it is to HRS virus subgroup B.
The Growth and Composition of Wool IV. The Differential Response of Growth and of Sulphur Content of Wool to the Level of Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids given Per Abomasum (1967)

Various amoWlts of DL-methionine or L-cysteine were infused directly into the abomasum of sheep as supplements to a diet of chopped wheaten and Lucerne hay, and effects on wool growth and sulphur content of wool were measured.
Distributed routing for load balancing (1989)

Some open-loop and closed-loop control algorithms are discussed for an example of a discrete-event system, namely, the routing of arriving tasks from different arrival streams among several possible service stations. It is shown that it is possible to design open-loop policies that give good performance in a way which is very robust with respect to large changes in the arrival rates. This is possible even though it is assumed that there is no online coordination between the routing algorithms for the different arrival streams. Some further improvements of the performance are possible when a simple feedback policy, namely, overflow routing, is implemented. This also gives reasonable robustness of performance with respect to changes in the service rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical Strategies for the Synthesis of Peptide−Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2009)

The use of synthetic oligonucleotides and their mimics to inhibit gene expression by hybridizing with their target sequences has been hindered by their poor cellular uptake and inability to reach the nucleus. Covalent postsynthesis or solid-phase conjugation of peptides to oligonucleotides offers a possible solution to these problems. As feasible chemistry is a prerequisite for biological studies, development of efficient and reproducible approaches for convenient preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates has become a subject of considerable importance. The present review gives an account of the main synthetic methods available to prepare covalent conjugation of peptides to oligonucleotides.
[FTIR and fluorescence studies on the europium complexes of multiple ligands]. (2000)

A series of EuA(m).nB complexes with different molar ratio of ligands and various concentrations of protecting agent were synthesized (A is thenoyltrifluoroacetone, B is a kind of P = O group compound). The properties of these complexes were investigated by FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescent intensity of complex is related to the reaction condition, the components of complexes.
System considerations for RGBW OLED displays (2005)

Abstract— The fabrication of full‐color RGBW OLED displays using a white emitter with RGB color filters has been previously described. This paper discusses the effect of several display‐system factors on the important RGBW OLED display performance attributes of power consumption, lifetime, and perceived image quality. These display‐system factors include the spectrum of the white OLED, the white OLED structure, the color‐filter selection, the subpixel aperture ratios, and the pixel arrangement (including sub‐sampling).
Loss of presenilin 1 is associated with enhanced β-catenin signaling and skin tumorigenesis (2001)

Presenilin 1 (PS1) is required for the proteolytic processing of Notch and the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), molecules that play pivotal roles in cell-fate determination during development and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, respectively. In addition, PS1 interacts with beta-catenin and promotes its turnover through independent mechanisms. Consistent with this activity, we report here that PS1 is important in controlling epidermal cell proliferation in vivo. PS1 knockout mice that are rescued through neuronal expression of human PS1 transgene develop spontaneous skin cancers. PS1-null keratinocytes exhibit higher cytosolic beta-catenin and beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer factor-1/T cell factor (beta-catenin/LEF)-mediated signaling. This effect can be reversed by reintroducing wild-type PS1, but not a PS1 mutant active in Notch processing but defective in beta-catenin binding. Nuclear beta-catenin protein can be detected in tumors. Elevated beta-catenin/LEF signaling is correlated with activation of its downstream target cyclin D1 and accelerated entry from G(1) into S phase of the cell cycle. This report demonstrates a function of PS1 in adult tissues, and our analysis suggests that deregulation of beta-catenin pathway contributes to the skin tumor phenotype.
Confidence mapping in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography using a bootstrap approach (2005)

The bootstrap technique is an extremely powerful nonparametric statistical procedure for determining the uncertainty in a given statistic. However, its use in diffusion tensor MRI tractography remains virtually unexplored. This work shows how the bootstrap can be used to assign confidence to results obtained with deterministic tracking algorithms. By invoking the concept of a "tract-propagator," it also underlines the important effect of local fiber architecture or architectural milieu on tracking reproducibility. Finally, the practical advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed. Not only does the bootstrap allow any deterministic tractography algorithm to be used in a probabilistic fashion, but also its model-free inclusion of all sources of variability (including those that cannot be modeled) means that it provides the most realistic approach to probabilistic tractography.
Dynamics Analysis of Cycloidal Speed Reducers With Pinwheel and Nonpinwheel Designs (2014)

Cycloidal speed reducers are composed primarily of an eccentric shaft, output parts, and a set comprising a cycloidal gear and pinwheel with pins or a cycloidal gear and cycloid internal gear. This paper investigates the contact and collision conditions of these components, as well as their stress variations during the transmission process. To do so, a system dynamics analysis model of a cycloidal speed reducer is constructed, together with dynamics analysis models for two design types: A traditional pinwheel design and a nonpinwheel design (i.e., a design in which a cycloid internal gear replaces the pinwheel). Based on the theory of gearing, a mathematical model of the pinwheel with pins, cycloidal gear, and cycloid internal gear is then built from which the component geometry can be derived. These dynamics analysis models, constructed concurrently, are used to investigate the components' movements and stress variations, and determine the differences between the transmission mechanisms. The results indicate that the nonpinwheel design effectively reduces vibration, stress value, and stress fluctuation, thereby enhancing performance. An additional torsion test further suggests that the nonpinwheel design's output rate is superior to that of the traditional pinwheel design.
Comentario A: “Macroeconometría de una Economía Pequeña y Abierta Usando Análisis de Vectores Autorregresivos” de Sergio Clavijo (1989)

"Comentario A: “Macroeconometría de una Economía Pequeña y Abierta Usando Análisis de Vectores Autorregresivos” de Sergio Clavijo." Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, (23), pp. 159–160
Animals and fungi are each other's closest relatives: congruent evidence from multiple proteins. (1993)

Phylogenetic relationships among plants, animals, and fungi were examined by using sequences from 25 proteins. Four insertions/deletions were found that are shared by two of the three taxonomic groups in question, and all four are uniquely shared by animals and fungi relative to plants, protists, and bacteria. These include a 12-amino acid insertion in translation elongation factor 1 alpha and three small gaps in enolase. Maximum-parsimony trees were constructed from published data for four of the most broadly sequenced of the 25 proteins, actin, alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and elongation factor 1 alpha, with the latter supplemented by three new outgroup sequences. All four proteins place animals and fungi together as a monophyletic group to the exclusion of plants and a broad diversity of protists. In all cases, bootstrap analyses show no support for either an animal-plant or fungal-plant clade. This congruence among multiple lines of evidence strongly suggests, in contrast to traditional and current classification, that animals and fungi are sister groups while plants constitute an independent evolutionary lineage.
CFTR Expression and Chloride Secretion in Polarized Immortal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (1994)

A major limitation in the study of vectorial ion transport, secretion, and differentiated function in the human airway epithelium has been the lack of suitable cell culture systems. Progress in this direction has been made through the transformation of primary cultured epithelial cells. However, these transformants tend to lose differentiated properties with increasing serial passage, particularly following crisis. The successful establishment of a postcrisis SV40 large T-antigen transformed epithelial cell line derived from human bronchial epithelium is described. This cell line, 16HBE14o-, retains differentiated epithelial morphology and functions. Cell cultures show the presence of tight junctions and cilia, and monolayers generate transepithelial resistance, as measured in Ussing chambers, and retain beta-adrenergic stimulation of cAMP-dependent chloride ion transport, measured either by 36Cl- efflux or as short-circuit current in Ussing chambers. The cells also increase chloride transport in response to bradykinin or calcium ionophore. In addition, 16HBE14o- cells express levels of both the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA and protein readily detectable by Northern and Western hybridization analysis, respectively. These cells provide a valuable resource for studying the modulation of CFTR and its role in regulation of chloride ion transport in human airway epithelium as well as other aspects of human airway cell biology.
Mycotic abortion in cattle (1987)

Placentas and foetuses from 1107 bovine abortions were examined and a fungal infection was diagnosed in 131 instances. Fungi seen in silver impregnated sections of tissues could be placed into 3 categories designated aspergillus, phycomycete and atypical. Culture indicated that the first 2 of these categories were due to Aspergillus sp and Mortierella wolfii respectively. The infections in the atypical category are probably also due to Aspergillus sp. Gross or microscopic examination or culture of the placenta were valuable diagnostically but examination of the foetus was seldom of value as infection in most instances did not involve foetal tissues. Questionnaires indicated that many M. wolfii abortions were associated with the feeding of poorly prepared or stored grass silage. As the majority of cattle are fed hay or silage, no association could be demonstrated between Aspergillus sp abortion and these feeds. Fertility following fungal abortion was apparently unimpaired.
Multi‐Level Block Coded Modulations with Unequal Error Protection for the Rayleigh Fading Channel (1993)

Abstract Block coded 8‐DPSK modulations are presented for the time selective Rayleigh fading channel. These coded modulations are based on multi‐level code constructions and utilize short binary block codes of length 2 to 8 (binary symbols) as building blocks to construct 8‐DPSK codes of length 2 to 8 symbols, respectively. All the constructed block coded modulations have a built in time diversity of at least 2 to combat Rayleigh fading. Unequal error protection (UEP) is obtained by providing higher time diversity for the important data. Further UEP can be obtained by using a non‐uniform signal constellation that provides higher product distance (through increased component Euclidean distance) for the more important data. Low transmission delay is obtained by matching the code rate and interleaver to the channel conditions (Doppler spread). Block coded 8‐DPSK schemes with rate 1.5‐2.25 information bits per symbol and code length 2 to 8 symbols have been designed and simulated for various values of Doppler spread. Gains of more than 15 dB can be obtained at a bit error rate of 10 −3 for a fraction of the data that is deemed to be most important. By using different binary codes in the multilevel scheme and by using different nonuniform signal constellations, the unequal error probability profile and the data rates can be controlled in a flexible manner.
Extracting Semantic Location from Outdoor Positioning Systems (2006)

With help of context, computer systems and applications could be more user-friendly, flexible and adaptable. With semantic locations, applications can understand users better or provide helpful services. We propose a method that automatically derives semantic locations from user’s trace. Our experimental results show that the proposed method identities up to 96% correct semantic locations.
Sarcoidosis is a Th1/Th17 multisystem disorder (2010)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Sarcoidosis is characterised by a compartmentalisation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes and activated macrophages in involved organs, including the lung. Recently, Th17 effector CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells have been claimed to be involved in the pathogenesis of granuloma formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral and pulmonary Th17 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry analyses and functional assays in patients with sarcoidosis in different phases of the disease and in control subjects. <h3>Results</h3> Th17 cells were detected both in the peripheral blood (4.72±2.27% of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) and in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (8.81±2.25% of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes) of patients with sarcoidosis and T cell alveolitis. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung and lymph node specimens showed that interleukin 17 (IL-17)<sup>+</sup>/CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells infiltrate sarcoid tissues surrounding the central core of the granuloma. IL-17 was expressed by macrophages infiltrating sarcoid tissue and/or forming the granuloma core (7.88±2.40% of alveolar macrophages). Analysis of some lung specimens highlighted the persistence of IL-17<sup>+</sup>/CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in relapsed patients and their absence in the recovered cases. Migratory assays demonstrated the ability of the Th17 cell to respond to the chemotactic stimulus CCL20—that is, the CCR6 ligand (74.8±8.5 vs 7.6±2.8 migrating BAL lymphocytes/high-powered field, with and without CCL20, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Th17 cells participate in the alveolitic/granuloma phase and also to the progression towards the fibrotic phase of the disease. The recruitment of this cell subset may be driven by CCL20 chemokine.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Sirolimus (2000)

Sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapamune) is a potent immunosuppressive drug that received marketing approval from the US Food and Drug Administration on September 15, 1999. Research into defining its pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior, interaction with other agents, and metabolism is ongoing. It has been established that oral doses of both liquid and solid formulation are rapidly, though incompletely and variably, absorbed. Metabolism by the intestinal and hepatic CYP3A family of enzymes likely contributes to variability in absorption and low bioavailability. Sirolimus has a long terminal half-life, the AUC correlates well with trough and peak concentrations, and it exhibits a moderate degree of dose proportionality. There is significant interpatient variability in PK parameters of sirolimus, though it exhibits predictable PK behavior when used with prednisone and cyclosporine neoral. There is a decreased rejection risk with higher doses and target level attainment. Several species of sirolimus metabolites have been characterized, and are measurable in whole blood and tissue specimens. Many more species of sirolimus metabolites are detectable, but they are not quantifiable at this time. The total concentration of metabolites appears to be less than that of the parent drug when examined through the PK profile. A reference method for the quantitation of metabolites remains elusive because of a lack of proper standardization. The clinical significance of sirolimus metabolites remains to be proven.
Epitaxial Growth of SrTiO3 Films on Si(100) Substrates Using a Focused Electron Beam Evaporation Method (1991)

A novel epitaxial growth method of SrTiO 3 films on Si(100) substrates is presented in which, in order to reduce the surface oxide layers of the substrates, thin Sr layers are deposited prior to deposition of SrTiO 3 films. It has been shown that the film composition becomes nearly stoichiometric when single-crystalline SrTiO 3 sources are evaporated by a focused electron beam and that SrTiO 3 films grow epitaxially on Si(100) substrates under the optimum conditions of the Sr layer thickness, deposition temperature, and annealing temperature.
An Analysis of Extended Survival in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treated With Riluzole (1998)

Patients receiving riluzole remained in the milder health states longer (P<.05).
Proximité et dualité dans un espace hilbertien (1965)

International audience
Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones: Emerging Roles in Human Disease and Identification of Small Molecule Modulators (2006)

Molecular chaperones are best known for their ability to aid in the solubilization of mis-folded proteins, and as a result play essential roles in protein folding, degradation, and transport. However, many molecular chaperones also play essential roles in signal transduction cascades. For example, Hsp70 molecular chaperones are a highly conserved, abundant class of chaperones that are found in every species and in nearly every cellular compartment in eukaryotes. In addition to their well-established roles in facilitating protein folding and in the targeting of proteins to organelles and to proteolytic machines, Hsp70s are anti-apoptotic and inhibition of Hsp70 function in some cases is sufficient to induce tumor cell death. Hsp70 function is also vital for the replication of viruses. Based on these data, small molecule Hsp70 modulators might, in principle, be used for the treatment of specific cancers, infections, and protein conformational diseases. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional characteristics of Hsp70 chaperones, and then discuss their roles in cellular physiology. Finally, we will review the recent discovery of small molecules that alter Hsp70 expression and function.
Peptidoglycan Molecular Requirements Allowing Detection by Nod1 and Nod2 (2003)

Nod1 and Nod2 are mammalian proteins implicated in the intracellular detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recently, naturally occurring peptidoglycan (PG) fragments were identified as the microbial motifs sensed by Nod1 and Nod2. Whereas Nod2 detects GlcNAc-MurNAc dipeptide (GM-Di), Nod1 senses a unique diaminopimelate-containing GlcNAc-MurNAc tripeptide muropeptide (GM-TriDAP) found mostly in Gram-negative bacterial PGs. Because Nod1 and Nod2 detect similar yet distinct muropeptides, we further analyzed the molecular sensing specificity of Nod1 and Nod2 toward PG fragments. Using a wide array of natural or modified muramyl peptides, we show here that Nod1 and Nod2 have evolved divergent strategies to achieve PG sensing. By defining the PG structural requirements for Nod1 and Nod2 sensing, this study reveals how PG processing and modifications, either by host or bacterial enzymes, may affect innate immune responses.
Prussian Blue/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for the Amperometric Determination of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide (2015)

Prussian blue has significant application for the construction of electrochemical biosensors. In this work, Prussian blue-reduced graphene oxide modified glass carbon electrodes were successfully fabricated using electrochemical deposition. The high surface area of graphene oxide enhanced the deposition of Prussian blue and the resulting electrocatalytic activity. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the relatively porous Prussian blue was on the surface of reduced graphene oxide. Cyclic voltammetry showed that Prussian blue-coated reduced graphene oxide composite films improved electron transfer compared to Prussian blue films. The Prussian blue-reduced graphene oxide composite film provided higher response for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of dopamine compared with the Prussian blue film due to synergistic effects between the reduced graphene oxide and Prussian blue particles. The sensitivity of the electrode was 0.1617 µA µM−1 cm−2. The linear dynamic range extended from 0.5 µM to 0.7 mM dopamine with a limit of detection equal to 125 nM. This work provided a versatile strategy for the design and construction of sensitive amperometric sensors with robust electrocatalytic behavior.