gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia. (1987)

Members of the bacterial genus Chlamydia are responsible for widespread disease among humans and animals, including endemic trachoma in developing countries, venereal disease in developed countries, and a variety of other diseases such as infantile pneumonia and lymphogranuloma venereum. Although there is little genetic relatedness between and large antigenic diversity between and among the two chlamydial species, one antigenic determinant has been preserved among all serovars: the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope. In this report, the tools of molecular genetics, monoclonal antibodies, and analytical and synthetic chemistry have been combined to determine the structure of this epitope. This epitope is attributed to the presence of a trisaccharide of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) of the sequence KDOp-(2----8)-KDOp-(2----4)-KDO. The structure includes a unique linkage of two KDO residues through a 2.8-linkage.
Planar gamma camera imaging and quantitation of yttrium-90 bremsstrahlung. (1994)

The results of this study suggest that reasonable accuracy can be achieved in clinical radioimmunotherapy using 90Y-bremsstrahlung quantitation.
The CXC Chemokines IP-10 and Mig Are Necessary for IL-12-Mediated Regression of the Mouse RENCA Tumor (1998)

The role of the non-ELR-containing CXC chemokines IP-10 and Mig in antitumor activity induced by systemic treatment with IL-12 was examined in mice bearing the murine renal adenocarcinoma RENCA. IL-12 treatment produces a potent antitumor effect that is associated with tumor infiltration by CD8+ T lymphocytes. The regression of tumor is associated with the elevated expression of the IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines IP-10 and Mig within the tumor tissue. IP-10 and Mig have been shown to function as chemoattractants for activated T lymphocytes. In animals treated with rabbit polyclonal Abs specific for IP-10 and for Mig, the IL-12-induced regression of RENCA tumors was partially abrogated. This effect was associated with a dramatic inhibition of T cell infiltration. Thus, it appears that IL-12-dependent, T cell-mediated antitumor activity requires the intermediate expression of IP-10 and Mig to recruit antitumor effector T cells to the tumor site.
Molecular Diagnosis of Burkitt's Lymphoma (2006)

Gene-expression profiling is an accurate, quantitative method for distinguishing Burkitt's lymphoma from diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
Cyclic amphipathic peptide-DNA complexes mediate high-efficiency transfection of adherent mammalian cells. (1993)

A DNA transfection protocol has been developed that makes use of the cyclic cationic amphipathic peptide gramicidin S and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA complex is formed by mixing gramicidin S with DNA at a 1:1 charge ratio and then adding phosphatidylethanolamine at a lipid/peptide molar ratio of 5:1. The complex mediates rapid association of DNA with cells and leads to transient expression levels of beta-galactosidase ranging from 1 to 30% of the transfected cells, with long-term expression being about an order of magnitude lower. The respective roles of peptide and phospholipid are not yet resolved but optimal transfection requires both the cyclic peptide and the hexagonal phase-competent phospholipid PtdEtn. Transfection in CV-1 cells is not affected by lysomotrophic agents, which suggests that DNA entry into the cell is via the plasma membrane. This technique that is simple, economical, and reproducible mediates transfection levels up to 20-fold higher than cationic liposomes in adherent mammalian cells.
Stromal cells from human long-term marrow cultures, but not cultured marrow fibroblasts, phagocytose horse serum constituents: studies with a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a species-specific epitope common to multiple horse serum proteins. (1987)

This report describes an IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody derived after immunization of mice with washed stromal cells from human, long-term bone marrow cultures. The antigen recognized by the antibody (BMS-1) is a carbohydrate-containing prosthetic group that is common to and specific for multiple horse serum proteins. These proteins are avidly ingested by stromal cells and concentrated in endocytic vesicles. Cultured smooth muscle cells took up the horse proteins in a similar manner to marrow stromal cells while cultured marrow fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and hepatoma cells did not. These data indicate that marrow stromal cells specifically accumulate horse serum proteins which might partially explain the horse serum requirement for long-term marrow culture maintenance. The data also suggest further similarities between marrow stromal and smooth muscle cells and additional differences between marrow fibroblasts and marrow stromal cells.
Primary structures of human alpha-fetoprotein and its mRNA. (1983)

DNA complementary to human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)mRNA was cloned in the plasmid pBR322. Analysis of three overlapping cDNA clones revealed most of the nucleotide sequence of AFP mRNA, and the remaining nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA were elucidated from a cloned genomic DNA fragment. The amino acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence, which revealed 19 amino acids in the signal sequence and 590 amino acids in mature AFP. There are 15 regularly spaced disulfide bridges, which generate a folding structure having three repeating domains. There is one potential N-glycosylation site, Asn-Phe-Thr, in the amino acid sequence. In comparison with mouse AFP, 66% of the amino acid sequence was conserved, with the highest identity (72%) in domain 3, followed by domain 2 (67%) and domain 1 (59%). In comparison with human albumin, a 39% conservation of primary structure was found. Again, the similarity was the highest in domain 3 and the lowest in domain 1. Human AFP and human albumin are similar in overall structure, but certain parts of the molecules differ significantly in their predicted secondary structure.
2-D ZO CRS stack by considering an acquisition line with smooth topography (2005)

The land seismic data suffers from effects due to the near surface irregularities and the existence of topography. For obtaining a high resolution seismic image, these effects should be corrected by using seismic processing techniques, e.g. field and residual static corrections. The Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stack method is a new processing technique to simulate zero-offset (ZO) seismic sections from multi-coverage seismic data. It is based on a second-order hyperbolic paraxial traveltime approximation referred to a central normal ray. By considering a planar measurement surface, the CRS stacking operator is defined by means of three parameters, namely the emergence angle of the normal ray, the curvature of the normal incidence point (NIP) wave, and the curvature of the normal (N) wave. In this paper the 2-D ZO CRS stack method is modified in order to consider effects due to the smooth topography. By means of this new CRS formalism, we obtain a high resolution ZO seismic section, without applying static corrections. As by-products the 2-D ZO CRS stack method we estimate at each point of the ZO seismic section the three relevant parameters associated to the CRS stack process.
Digital Concentration Readout of Single Enzyme Molecules Using Femtoliter Arrays and Poisson Statistics (2006)

Methods for accurately quantifying the concentration of a particular analyte in solution are all based on ensemble responses in which many analyte molecules give rise to the measured signal. In this paper, single molecules of beta-galactosidase were monitored using a 1 mm diameter fiber optic bundle with 2.4 x 10(5) individually sealed, femtoliter microwell reactors. By observation of the buildup of fluorescent products from single enzyme molecule catalysis over the array of reaction vessels and by application of a Poisson statistical analysis, a digital concentration readout was obtained. This approach should prove useful for single molecule enzymology and ultrasensitive bioassays. More generally, the ability to determine concentration by counting individual molecules offers a new approach to analysis of dilute solutions.
国家根据《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》负有的说明责任 (1998)

国家根据《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》负有的说明责任［美］丽见卡·Ｊ·库克，黄列译引言这一时刻已经来临：人们认识到，仅仅由于是妇女而剥夺她们的个人权利是侵犯人权；与此同时，人们要求，对于因为她们的性别而使其处于卑微、屈辱和受压迫的境地的种种国家实践，...
MMSE interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA (1994)

We consider interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems using the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) performance criterion. The conventional matched filter receiver suffers from the near-far problem, and requires strict power control (typically involving feedback from receiver to transmitter) for acceptable performance. Multiuser detection schemes previously proposed mitigate the near-far problem, but are complex and require explicit knowledge or estimates of the interference parameters. In this paper, we present and analyze several new MMSE interference suppression schemes, which have the advantage of being near-far resistant (to varying degrees, depending on their complexity), and can be implemented adaptively when interference parameters are unknown and/or time-varying, Numerical results are provided that show that these schemes offer significant performance gains relative to the matched filter receiver. We conclude that MMSE detectors can alleviate the need for stringent power control. In CDMA systems, and may be a practical alternative to the matched filter receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeted inactivation of hepatic Abca1 causes profound hypoalphalipoproteinemia and kidney hypercatabolism of apoA-I (2005)

Patients with Tangier disease exhibit extremely low plasma HDL concentrations resulting from mutations in the ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 1 (ABCA1) protein. ABCA1 controls the rate-limiting step in HDL particle assembly by mediating efflux of cholesterol and phospholipid from cells to lipid-free apoA-I, which forms nascent HDL particles. ABCA1 is widely expressed; however, the specific tissues involved in HDL biogenesis are unknown. To determine the role of the liver in HDL biogenesis, we generated mice with targeted deletion of the second nucleotide-binding domain of Abca1 in liver only (Abca1(-L/-L)). Abca1(-L/-L) mice had total plasma and HDL cholesterol concentrations that were 19% and 17% those of wild-type littermates, respectively. In vivo catabolism of HDL apoA-I from wild-type mice or human lipid-free apoA-I was 2-fold higher in Abca1(-L/-L) mice compared with controls due to a 2-fold increase in the catabolism of apoA-I by the kidney, with no change in liver catabolism. We conclude that in chow-fed mice, the liver is the single most important source of plasma HDL. Furthermore, hepatic, but not extrahepatic, Abca1 is critical in maintaining the circulation of mature HDL particles by direct lipidation of hepatic lipid-poor apoA-I, slowing its catabolism by the kidney and prolonging its plasma residence time.
Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. (1985)

We extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. The extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." HNP 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested in 10 mM phosphate buffer containing certain nutrients, but it had little or no bactericidal activity in nutrient-free buffer. In contrast, the nutrient-free buffer supported a high degree of activity by HNP 1-3 against Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, HNP 1-3 directly inactivated herpes simplex virus, Type 1. Two of the individual purified defensins, HNP-1 and HNP-2, were as microbicidal as the mixture HNP 1-3. HNP-3 was less active than the other defensins against most but not all of the microbes tested. Immunoperoxidase stains revealed HNP 1-3 to have a granular localization in the neutrophil's cytoplasm by light microscopy. Frozen thin section immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed HNP 1-3 to be localized in azurophil granules. These studies define a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system in human neutrophils. The defensin system may operate in conjunction with or independently from oxygen-dependent microbicidal processes to enable human neutrophils to inactivate and destroy potential pathogens.
Nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of the complete phenol/3,4-dimethylphenol catabolic pathway of Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600 (1992)

The meta-cleavage pathway for catechol is one of the major routes for the microbial degradation of aromatic compounds. Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600 grows efficiently on phenol, cresols, and 3,4-dimethylphenol via a plasmid-encoded multicomponent phenol hydroxylase and a subsequent meta-cleavage pathway. The genes for the entire pathway were previously found to be clustered, and the nucleotide sequences of dmpKLMNOPBC and D, which encode the first four biochemical steps of the pathway, were determined. By using a combination of deletion mapping, nucleotide sequence determinations, and polypeptide analysis, we identified the remaining six genes of the pathway. The fifteen genes, encoded in the order dmpKLMNOPQBCDEFGHI, lie in a single operon structure with intergenic spacing that varies between 0 to 70 nucleotides. Homologies found between the newly determined gene sequences and known genes are reported. Enzyme activity assays of deletion derivatives of the operon expressed in Escherichia coli were used to correlate dmpE, G, H, and I with known meta-cleavage enzymes. Although the function of the dmpQ gene product remains unknown, dmpF was found to encode acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity (acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase [coenzyme A acylating]; E.C.1.2.1.10). The role of this previously unknown meta-cleavage pathway enzyme is discussed.
Tumor-Like Stem Cells Derived from Human Keloid Are Governed by the Inflammatory Niche Driven by IL-17/IL-6 Axis (2009)

These findings support our hypothesis that the altered niche in keloids, predominantly inflammatory, contributes to the acquirement of a benign tumor-like stem cell phenotype of KPCs characterized by the uncontrolled self-renewal and increased proliferation, supporting the rationale for in vivo modification of the "pathological" stem cell niche as a novel therapy for keloid and other mesenchymal benign tumors.
The use of aeration to enhance ammonia nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (2003)

Jamieson, T.S., Stratton, G.W., Gordon, R. and Madani, A. 2003. The use of aeration to enhance ammonia nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 45: 1.9-1.14. Nitrogen (N) resulting from manure run-off can impair receiving water bodies. Constructed wetlands are engineered systems built to utilize the treatment processes available in natural wetlands in a controlled and predictable manner. Nitrification is often limited in constructed wetlands treating agricultural wastewater due to the predominantly anaerobic conditions within the wetland. A greenhouse wetland model was constructed to assess the effects of aeration on ammonia-N removal. The system achieved a mean 50% ammonia-N removal efficiency prior to the introduction of an aquatic aeration system. After the commencement of continual aeration in the first cell of the system, ammonia-N removal efficiencies increased to a mean of 93%, parallelled by nitrate-N increases. This indicated that the addition of continual aeration has great potential to enhance nitrification in constructed wetlands receiving agricultural wastewater.
Synthesis of 2‐substituted‐3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines as potential biologically active agents (2002)

Abstract A new heterocyclic reductive alkylating agent, 6‐chloro‐2‐chloromethyl‐3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine, was synthesized for the first time. It was shown to react under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions with 2‐nitropropane anion by an S RN 1 mechanism to give excellent yield of isopropylidene derivative formed from a base‐promoted nitrous acid elimination of C‐alkylation product. Extension of this S RN 1 reaction to various nitronate anions led to a new class of 3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine derivatives bearing a trisub‐stituted double bond at the 2‐position.
Effects of asenapine on depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes: a post hoc analysis of two 3-week clinical trials (2011)

These post hoc analyses show that asenapine reduced depressive symptoms in bipolar I disorder patients experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes with clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline; olanzapine results appeared to be less consistent. Controlled studies of asenapine in patients with acute bipolar depression are necessary to confirm the generalizability of these findings.
Hemodynamic, Neurohumoral, and Myocardial Energetic Effects of Pimobendan, a Novel Calcium-Sensitizing Compound, in Patients with Mild to Moderate Heart Failure (1994)

In contrast to cyclic AMP-dependent positive inotropes, the calcium-sensitizer and partial phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pimobendan may induce beneficial effects in heart failure. However, its effect on relaxation, myocardial energetics and neurohormones are unknown. Twelve patients with heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification II-III, due to ischemic cardiomyopathy, were studied for 1 h after they received 5 mg pimobendan intravenously (i.v.). Pimobendan progressively reduced systemic resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (22 and 50%, respectively) and improved isovolumetric contractility and relaxation parameters by 30% (all p < 0.05 vs. control). LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (LVEDV, LVESV) decreased significantly by 20 and 19%, respectively. Cardiac output (CO) increased by 17% due to a simultaneous increase in heart rate (HR) from 75 +/- 3 to 86 +/- 5 beats/min (mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). Pimobendan did not change coronary hemodynamics, but myocardial O2 extraction and consumption were decreased significantly by 18 and 20%, respectively. Catecholamines, angiotensin II (AII), and aldosterone levels did not change significantly. In contrast, arterial and coronary venous renin increased significantly from 57 +/- 17 and 53 +/- 14.7 microM/h at control to 69 +/- 20 and 69 +/- 20 microM/h, respectively, 60 min after pimobendan administration. Simultaneously, cardiac renin uptake at baseline (0.449 +/- 0.185 mumol/min) changed to release (-0.071 +/- 0.145 mumol/min, p < 0.05). Serious side effects did not occur. Thus, pimobendan had progressive positive inotropic and lusitropic effects, diminished preload and afterload despite modest stimulation of plasma renin activity (PRA), and reduced systemic vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial response. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-deficient mutant host cells no longer inhibit intracellular Chlamydia spp. or Toxoplasma growth (1993)

The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in IFN-gamma-mediated inhibition of intracellular parasite growth has been examined previously, although earlier work has been largely correlative. In this study, we defined more completely the role of IDO in the IFN-antimicrobial response. Two mutant cell lines, derived from ME180 cells and exhibiting reduced IDO activity (IR3B6A, IR3B6B) were characterized to determine if they retained the capacity to inhibit intracellular Chlamydia and Toxoplasma growth. Mutant cells treated with IFN-gamma exhibited reduced capacity to suppress pathogen growth. The expression of several IFN-regulated genes also was measured to confirm that the inability to inhibit pathogen growth was because of the lack of IDO. The expression of class II MHC, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, MxA, and P68 kinase genes was induced in the IFN-gamma-treated wild type ME180 cells, but was variable in the mutant cell lines, supporting the hypothesis that IFN-gamma-induced production of IDO is a key IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial mechanism.
Correction of fluorescence spectra and measurement of fluorescence quantum efficiency (1960)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Immuno-PET of Tissue Factor in Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Upregulation of tissue factor (TF) expression leads to increased patient morbidity and mortality in many solid tumor types. The goal of this study was to develop a PET tracer for imaging of TF expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: ALT-836, a chimeric antihuman TF monoclonal antibody, was conjugated to 2-S-(4isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) and labeled with 64 Cu. To compare the TF binding affinity of ALT-836 and NOTA-ALT-836, flow cytometry analysis was performed in 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines with different expression levels of TF (from low to high: PANC-1, ASPC-1, and BXPC-3). PET, biodistribution, blocking, and histology studies were performed on pancreatic tumor-bearing mice to evaluate the ability and specificity of 64 Cu-NOTA-ALT-836 to target TF in vivo. Results: There was no difference in TF binding affinity between ALT-836 and NOTA-ALT-836. 64 Culabeling was achieved with high yield and specific activity. Serial PET revealed that the uptake of 64 Cu-NOTA-ALT-836 in BXPC-3 tumors (high TF expression) was 5.7 6 1.8, 10.4 6 0.8, and 16.5 6 2.6 percentage injected dose per gram at 4, 24, and 48 h after injection, respectively (n 5 4), significantly higher than that in the PANC-1 and ASPC-1 tumors. Biodistribution data as measured by g-counting were consistent with the PET findings. Blocking experiments and histology further confirmed the TF specificity of 64 Cu-NOTA-ALT-836. Conclusion: Herein we report the first successful PET imaging of TF expression. Persistent and TF-specific uptake of 64 Cu-NOTA-ALT-836 was observed in pancreatic cancer models.