gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromelysin 3: an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in node-positive breast cancer and demonstration of novel breast carcinoma cell expression. (1998)

Stromelysin 3 (ST3) is a matrix metalloproteinase implicated in mammary carcinoma progression. To date, localization of ST3 expression in breast cancer by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry has shown that the expression of the enzyme is limited to only the stromal fibroblasts surrounding the cancer cells. We have immunostained a large group of ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinomas using a monoclonal antibody (5ST-4A9) raised against the hemopexin-like domain of human ST3. We show that invasive lobular carcinomas express significantly less ST3 than invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) (P = 0.002). We also show, for the first time, that certain breast carcinoma cells that have undergone a degree of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the so-called metaplastic carcinomas, can express ST3 mRNA and protein, which may in part explain the increased metastatic propensity seen in a number of these tumors. In addition, patients with IDC who had moderate to strong ST3 levels had significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with negative or weak ST3 levels (P = 0.02). Furthermore, in node-positive IDC patients, multivariate analysis revealed that ST3 level was a strong, independent prognostic parameter for disease-free survival (P = 0.005).
99mTc-labeled nucleotides as tumor-seeking radiodiagnostic agents. (1984)

Several lines of human tumor cells in monolayer and soft agar cultures allow permeation of low levels of adenine nucleotides through their plasma membranes, while, in general, untransformed cells do not incorporate adenine nucleotides into their cellular pools without prior degradation of the nucleotides to adenosine. This study determined the uptake of 99mTc-radiolabeled chelated forms of adenine nucleotides, 99mTc-Ap4A (diadenosine 5',5"',P1,P4-tetraphosphate) and 99mTc-ATP chelates as radiodiagnostic agents suitable for the in vivo detection of tumors by radionuclide imaging. Biodistribution studies revealed that Ap4A accumulated preferentially in RT-24 tumors implanted in rats and that V2 carcinoma implanted in rabbits could be readily visualized by in vivo imaging. The biodistribution at various time points showed increased tumor-to-muscle ratios after 99mTc-Ap4A or 99mTc-ATP injections when compared with a nonspecific marker of the extracellular fluid space, 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and with an agent known to localize in some tumors, 67Ga-labeled citrate. Studies of ectoenzymatic activities of virus-transformed animal cells and their untransformed counterparts in monolayer cultures showed marked decreases in the ectoenzymatic activities that degrade Ap4A in the transformed cells. Incorporation of en bloc [3H, 32P]Ap4A into cellular acid-soluble nucleotide pools of certain transformed cells was observed. Normal untransformed cells incorporated the radioactive label only by prior degradation to [3H]adenosine and 32Pi.
11.14 Preoperative treatment with lentinan prevented the impairment of natural killer activity after cardiopulmonary bypass (1997)

Lentinan, a (1-3)-beta glucan from Lentinus edodes, is licensed as an immunostimulatory drug. We tested the effect of lentinan in the well-established model system of the murine Listeria monocytogenes infection. Pre-treatment of bone marrow macrophages and dendritic cells with lentinan resulted in increased production of TNF-α and IL-12 after L. monocytogenes infection in vitro. After lentinan treatment bone marrow macrophages showed increased NO-production and enhanced cytotoxic activity against L. monocytogenes. Pre-treatment of mice with lentinan resulted in increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ and also an increased number of L. monocytogenes specific CD8 T cells in the spleen. The bacterial burden in spleen and liver of mice was significantly reduced during primary and secondary Listeria infection after lentinan pre-treatment of mice. In summary these results show that lentinan enhances the protective CD8 T-cell response against L. monocytogenes probably by a mechanism that involves the IL-12-mediated augmentation of the specific antilisterial CD8 T-cell response.
C-phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis wet biomass (2011)

C-Phycocyanin is a natural blue dye used in food and pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, a simple and efficient method to extract C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis wet biomass is reported. The extractions were carried out using six different methods, including chemical (organic and inorganic acid treatment), physical (freezing and thawing, sonication, homogenization) and enzymatic (lysozyme treatment) methods. The extraction using ultrasonic bath in the presence of glass pearls in the biomass proved to be the most efficient method, 56% higher than using freezing and thawing (the method most frequently used), and presented a extraction yield of 43.75 mg.g-1 and a C-phycocyanin concentration of 0.21 mg.mL-1.
Facile dibenzoylation of picoline (1985)

Abstract In the presence of triethylamine, 2‐ and 4‐picolines reacted with an excess of benzoyl chloride in refluxing acetonitrile to give the corresponding 1‐benzoyl‐phenacylidenedihydropyridines. The difference in reactivity between 2‐ and 4‐picoline toward such a dibenzoylation was studied from the conversion rates under various conditions with hplc. It was also clarified that the dibenzoylation proceeded via the intermediate phenacylpyridine and a plausible reaction scheme has been proposed, considering the significant role of triethylamine.
Recognizing human actions: a local SVM approach (2004)

Local space-time features capture local events in video and can be adapted to the size, the frequency and the velocity of moving patterns. In this paper, we demonstrate how such features can be used for recognizing complex motion patterns. We construct video representations in terms of local space-time features and integrate such representations with SVM classification schemes for recognition. For the purpose of evaluation we introduce a new video database containing 2391 sequences of six human actions performed by 25 people in four different scenarios. The presented results of action recognition justify the proposed method and demonstrate its advantage compared to other relative approaches for action recognition.
Rare cell isolation and profiling on a hybrid magnetic/size-sorting chip (2013)

We present a hybrid magnetic/size-sorting (HMSS) chip for isolation and molecular analyses of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The chip employs both negative and positive cell selection in order to provide high throughput, unbiased CTC enrichment. Specifically, the system utilizes a self-assembled magnet to generate high magnetic forces and a weir-style structure for cell sorting. The resulting device thus can perform multiple functions, including magnetic depletion, size-selective cell capture, and on-chip molecular staining. With such capacities, the HMSS device allowed one-step CTC isolation and single cell detection from whole blood, tested with spiked cancer cells. The system further facilitated the study of individual CTCs for heterogeneity in molecular marker expression.
Performance of Epigenetic Markers SEPT9 and ALX4 in Plasma for Detection of Colorectal Precancerous Lesions (2010)

While these data confirm the detection rate of SEPT9 as a biomarker for colorectal cancer, they also show that methylated DNA from advanced precancerous colorectal lesions can be detected using a panel of two DNA methylation markers, ALX4 and SEPT9. If confirmed in larger studies these data indicate that screening for colorectal precancerous lesions with a blood-based test may be as feasible as screening for invasive cancer.
Double-level “orthogonal” dynamic combinatorial libraries on transition metal template (2001)

Dynamic combinatorial libraries are mixtures of compounds that exist in a dynamic equilibrium and can be driven to compositional self adaptation via selective binding of a specific assembly of certain components to a molecular target. We present here an extension of this initial concept to dynamic libraries that consists of two levels, the first formed by the coordination of terpyridine-based ligands to the transition metal template, and the second, by the imine formation with the aldehyde substituents on the terpyridine moieties. Dialdehyde 7 has been synthesized, converted into a variety of ligands, oxime ethers L(11)-L(33) and acyl hydrazones L(44)-L(77), and subsequently into corresponding cobalt complexes. A typical complex, Co(L(22))(2)(2+) is shown to engage in rapid exchange with a competing ligand L(11) and with another complex, Co(L(22))(2)(2+) in 30% acetonitrile/water at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. The exchange in the corresponding Co(III) complexes is shown to be much slower. Imine exchange in the acyl hydrazone complexes (L(44)-L(77)) is strongly controlled by pH and temperature. The two types of exchange, ligand and imine, can thus be used as independent equilibrium processes controlled by different types of external intervention, i.e., via oxidation/reduction of the metal template and/or change in the pH/temperature of the medium. The resulting double-level dynamic libraries are therefore named orthogonal, in similarity with the orthogonal protecting groups in organic synthesis. Sample libraries of this type have been synthesized and showed the complete expected set of components in electrospray ionization MS.
A simple model of river meandering and its comparison to natural channels (2002)

Abstract We develop a new method for analysis of meandering channels based on planform sinuosity. This analysis objectively identifies three channel‐reach lengths based on sinuosity measured at those lengths: the length of typical, simple bends; the length of long, often compound bends; and the length of several bends in sequence that often evolve from compound bends to form multibend loops. These lengths, when normalized by channel width, tend to fall into distinct and clustered ranges for different natural channels. Mean sinuosity at these lengths also falls into distinct ranges. That range is largest for the third and greatest length, indicating that, for some streams, multibend loops are important for planform sinuosity, whereas for other streams, multibend loops are less important. The role of multibend loops is seldom addressed in the literature, and they are not well predicted by previous modelling efforts. Also neglected by previous modelling efforts is bank–flow interaction and its role in meander evolution. We introduce a simple river meandering model based on topographic steering that has more in common with cellular approaches to channel braiding and landscape evolution modelling than to rigorous, physics‐based analyses of river meandering. The model is sufficient to produce reasonable meandering channel evolution and predicts compound bend and multibend loop formation similar to that observed in nature, in both mechanism and importance for planform sinuosity. In the model, the tendency to form compound bends is sensitive to the relative magnitudes of two lengths governing meander evolution: (i) the distance between the bend cross‐over and the zone of maximum bank shear stress, and (ii) the bank shear stress dissipation length related to bank roughness. In our simple model, the two lengths are independent. This sensitivity implies that the tendency for natural channels to form compound bends may be greater when the banks are smoother. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of in vitro bioassays to determine cellular glucocorticoid sensitivity (2004)

An altered cellular glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity is associated with several pathophysiological conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis. Several bioassays have been developed and employed to assess cellular GC sensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but correlations between these have rarely been investigated. We have compared four mitogen-based assays and an FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) mRNA induction assay, using ten controls and a GC-resistant patient. The mitogen-based assays were performed using either diluted whole blood or isolated PBMC, and showed relatively large assay variations for the parameters maximal effect and half-maximal effect concentration. The FKBP51 assay showed smaller intra-assay and within-individual variation compared with the mitogen-based assays. The whole blood-based mitogen assays and the FKBP51 assay clearly discriminated the GC-resistant patient from the controls but, in contrast to expectations, both PBMC-based mitogen assays did not. The GC-induced FKBP51 mRNA increase in PBMC may be an alternative to determine an altered individual GC sensitivity with several advantages as compared with mitogen-based assays, such as the use of unstimulated PBMC, and a better intra- and inter-individual reproducibility.
Emergence of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Gentamicin and Correlation of Resistance with Bacteriophage Type (1978)

A total of 623 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics by the disk diffusion method and were bacteriophage typed. The emergence of isolates resistant to gentamicin was noted. Eighteen percent of the isolates from patients on surgical services were resistant to gentamicin; 83% of these resistant strains were phage type 95. Five percent of the isolates from patients on services other than surgical were resistant to gentamicin, and 61% of these gentamicin-resistant strains were phage type 94, 96. Physicians are urged to be aware of the possible emergence of such strains with epidemic potential.
Agonistic and antagonistic properties of a Rhizobium sin-1 lipid A modified by an ether-linked lipid (2007)

LPS from Rhizobium sin-1 (R. sin-1) can antagonize the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by E. coli LPS in human monocytic cells. Therefore these compounds provide interesting leads for the development of therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of septic shock. Detailed structure activity relationship studies have, however, been hampered by the propensity of these compounds to undergo beta-elimination to give biological inactive enone derivatives. To address this problem, we have chemically synthesized in a convergent manner a R. sin-1 lipid A derivative in which the beta-hydroxy ester at C-3 of the proximal sugar unit has been replaced by an ether linked moiety. As expected, this derivative exhibited a much-improved chemical stability. Furthermore, its ability to antagonize TNF-alpha production induced by enteric LPS was only slightly smaller than that of the parent ester modified derivative demonstrating that the ether-linked lipids affect biological activities only marginally. Furthermore, it has been shown for the first time that R. sin-1 LPS and the ether modified lipid A are also able to antagonize the production of the cytokine interferon-inducible protein 10, which arises from the TRIF-dependent pathway. The latter pathway was somewhat more potently inhibited than the MyD88-dependent pathway. Furthermore, it was observed that the natural LPS possesses much greater activity than the synthetic and isolated lipid As, which indicates that di-KDO moiety is important for optimal biological activity. It has also been found that isolated R. sin-1 LPS and lipid A agonize a mouse macrophage cell line to induce the production of TNF-alpha and interferon beta in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner demonstrating species specific properties.
DNA-DNA Hybridization Studies and Phenotypic Characteristics of Strains within the 'Streptococcus milleri Group' (1989)

Twenty-five strains resembling 'Streptococcus milleri' were compared by DNA-DNA hybridization, by whole-cell-derived polypeptide patterns on SDS-PAGE, and by biochemical tests. Four homology groups were revealed by DNA-DNA hybridization. DNA homology groups 1, 2 and 3 were closely related and contained the type strains NCDO 2226 (Streptococcus constellatus), NCDO 2227 (Streptococcus intermedius) and NCTC 10713 (Streptococcus anginosus), respectively. DNA homology group 4 consisted of four strains received as variants of Streptococcus intermedius which were found not to be closely related to strains in groups 1-3. The data from SDS-PAGE polypeptide patterns and biochemical tests supported the recognition of three centres of variation within the 'Streptococcus milleri group' corresponding to DNA homology groups 1-3 and indicated that strains of DNA homology group 4 are members of an as yet undescribed species within the viridans streptococci.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxylated Polyamine Analogues as Antiproliferatives (2001)

A new means of accessing N1-cyclopropylmethyl-N11-ethylnorspermine (CPMENSPM) and the first synthesis of (2R,10S)-N1-cyclopropylmethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-N11-ethylnorspermine [(2R,10S)-(HO)2CPMENSPM] are described. Both of these polyamine analogues are shown to be more active against L1210 murine leukemia cell growth than either N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) or (2R,10R)-N1,N11-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2R,10R)-(HO)2DENSPM] after 96 h of treatment; the activity was comparable to that of (2S,10S)-N1,N11-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2S,10S)-(HO)2DENSPM] at 96 h. Both cyclopropyl compounds reduced putrescine and spermidine pools, but less effectively than did DENSPM and its derivatives. Only CPMENSPM, and not (2R,10S)-(HO)2CPMENSPM, lowered spermine pools. As with DENSPM and (2R,10R)-(HO)2DENSPM, both cyclopropyl analogues diminished ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity. Unlike the hydroxylated DENSPM compounds, both cyclopropyl norspermines substantially upregulated spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. The most interesting effect of hydroxylating CPMENSPM is the profound reduction in toxicity compared with that of the parent drug. The same phenomenon had been observed for the DENSPM/(2R,10R)-(HO)2DENSPM pair. Thus, hydroxylation of norspermine analogues appears to be a way to maintain the compounds' antiproliferative activity while reducing their toxicity.
Antimicrobial-Drug Resistance (1996)

Since their discovery, antimicrobial drugs have proved remarkably effective for the control of bacterial infections. However, it was soon evident that bacterial pathogens were unlikely to surrender unconditionally, because some pathogens rapidly became resistant to many of the first effective drugs. For example, the development of resistance to penicillin in Staphylococcus aureus by the production of a β-lactamase quickly decreased the usefulness of penicillin for serious staphylococcal infections, especially among hospitalized patients, in whom resistant strains are frequently found before they spread to the community.1 Initially, the problem of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs was solved by the discovery of . . .
Lead-selective membrane electrode using methylene bis(diisobutyldithiocarbamate) neutral carrier (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLead-selective membrane electrode using methylene bis(diisobutyldithiocarbamate) neutral carrierSatsuo. Kamata and Kazuhiro. OnoyamaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 13, 1295–1298Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00013a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00013a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immediate post-radiotherapy changes in malignant glioma can mimic tumor progression (2004)

To determine the frequency of progressive MRI lesions shortly after radiotherapy for glioma with spontaneous improvement or stabilization, the authors studied a cohort of patients treated within two prospective phase III trials with radiotherapy only. In 9 out of 32 patients, the first post-radiotherapy MRI showed progressive enhancement. In 3 of these 9 the MRI improved or stabilized for 6 months without additional treatment. The authors conclude that patients with progressive lesions within 3 months after radiotherapy should not be eligible for phase II trials on recurrent glioma.
Role of Plants in the National Cancer Institute Drug Discovery and Development Program (1993)

Over the past 30 years the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has developed a number of plant-derived drugs which have undergone clinical trials. Prior to 1986, plant collections were generally restricted to temperate areas of the world. Since then, collections have focused on tropical, primarily rainforest, regions, and to date over 28,000 plant samples have been collected from over 20 countries. Policies have been formulated aimed at establishing collaborations with scientists in these countries and providing long-term compensation to source countries for drugs which are developed as marketable products. The various facets of the NCI drug discovery and development program are discussed, including future plans for the large-scale production of biomass for the isolation of promising new anticancer and antiviral natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation and Conformational Studies of 5,5,11,11,17,17,23,23‐ Octamethyl‐1,3,7,9,13,15,19,21‐octaazaquinquecyclo(19.3.1.13,7.19,13. 115,19)octacosane. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and analysis of dynamic Huffman coding (1985)

We introduce an efficient new algorithm for dynamic Huffman coding, called Algorithm V. It performs one-pass coding and transmission in real-time, and uses at most one more bit per letter than does the standard two-pass Huffman algorithm; this is optimum in the worst case among all one-pass schemes. We also analyze the dynamic Huffman algorithm due to Faller, Gallager, and Knuth. In each algorithm, both the sender and the receiver maintain equivalent dynamically varying Huffman trees. The processing time required to encode and decode a letter whose node in the dynamic Huffman tree is currently on the lth level is O(l); hence, the processing can be done in real time. Empirical tests show that Algorithm V performs quite well in practice, often better than the two-pass method. The proposed algorithm is well-suited for file compression and online encoding/decoding in data networks.