gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF D-α-PIPECOLIC ACID, α[L],β-METHYLASPARTIC ACID AND α,β-DIAMINOBUTYRIC ACID FROM THE POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC ASPARTOCIN (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF D-α-PIPECOLIC ACID, α[L],β-METHYLASPARTIC ACID AND α,β-DIAMINOBUTYRIC ACID FROM THE POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC ASPARTOCINJ. H. Martin and W. K. HausmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 8, 2079Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01493a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01493a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum Haloperidol Levels of Schizophrenics Receiving Treatment for Tuberculosis (1986)

Serum haloperidol levels were studied in schizophrenic patients with and without antituberculosis therapy, and the effect of these agents on serum haloperidol level was evaluated. Rifampicin caused significant suppression of serum haloperidol levels in all cases studied (n = 7). The serum haloperidol clearance rate was accelerated in patients taking rifampicin, with a shortened half-life (4.9 h) compared with the control group (9.4 h). Among 18 schizophrenic patients receiving isoniazid, three showed significantly elevated serum haloperidol levels. It is possible that isoniazid can elevate haloperidol levels in some patients depending upon some unknown factors. The elevation of serum haloperidol level was though to be due to prolonged clearance of haloperidol secondary to isoniazid interaction with hepatic enzymes involved in drug metabolism. These observations suggest that haloperidol doses in schizophrenic patients receiving rifampicin or isoniazid must be carefully monitored.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Polyoxygenated Compounds: Effect of the Solvent on the Enantioselectivity of Lipase Catalyzed Transesterifications in Organic Solvents (1993)

The influence of the solvent on the transesterification between vinyl acetate and cis-(±)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane [(±)--1] catalyzed by Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase has been studied. It was found that the enantioselectivity of the process depends on both the hydrophobicity and the polarity of the solvent.
Language Generation with Recurrent Generative Adversarial Networks without Pre-training (2017)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown great promise recently in image generation. Training GANs for language generation has proven to be more difficult, because of the non-differentiable nature of generating text with recurrent neural networks. Consequently, past work has either resorted to pre-training with maximum-likelihood or used convolutional networks for generation. In this work, we show that recurrent neural networks can be trained to generate text with GANs from scratch using curriculum learning, by slowly teaching the model to generate sequences of increasing and variable length. We empirically show that our approach vastly improves the quality of generated sequences compared to a convolutional baseline.
Oligosaccharides : their synthesis and biological role (2000)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES CHAPTER 3: SYNTHESIS OF CARBOHYDRATE ACCEPTORS CHAPTER 4: SYNTHESIS OF CARBOHYDRATE DONORS CHAPTER 5: ASSEMBLY OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES CHAPTER 6: LITERATURE EXAMPLES OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES CHAPTER 7: ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SYNTHESISING OLIGOSACCHARIDES FURTHER READING
Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (2001)

Experimental data show accumulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles in atherosclerotic plaques. SPIO uptake occurred in plaques, suggesting an increased endothelial permeability and macrophage infiltrates as signs of inflammatory plaque activity. We incidentally observed SPIO uptake in aortic and arterial wall segments in patients who had originally received the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for staging lymph node metastases. Twenty patients (19 male, 1 female; mean age, 64; range, 41-78 years) with bladder or prostate cancer underwent MR imaging (MRI) using a T2*-weighted high-resolution gradient-echo sequence prior to and 24-36 hours after intravenous injection of 2.6 mg of Fe/kg of SPIO (Sinerem). The aorta, both common external and internal iliac, as well as both superficial femoral arteries, were retrospectively analyzed for atherosclerotic wall changes. One patient was excluded. A positive finding was defined as an area of pronounced signal loss on postcontrast images clearly confined to the arterial wall, which was absent in the precontrast examination or increased in size. Such a finding was observed in one to three arteries in 7 of the 19 patients. The pronounced signal loss in the wall of the aorta and pelvic arteries seen in part of an elderly patient population after intravenous SPIO administration strongly suggests that this contrast agent accumulates in human atherosclerotic plaques.
CO 2 transcritical vapor compression cycle with thermoelectric subcooler (2012)

Abstract In this article, the integration of two different cooling technologies: thermoelectric (TE) cooling and the vapor compression cycle (VCC), is investigated to enhance the performance of the latter. In the integrated system, the TE cooler is utilized as a subcooler of the VCC condenser or gas cooler. In this integration, the TE subcooler is operated at a small temperature lift so that it operates at higher efficiency than that of the baseline VCC efficiency while providing the additional subcooling. These two factors result in the improved capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the entire system. To prove the concept, a TE subcooler was designed and fabricated to subcool the CO2 exiting the gas cooler of a transcritical VCC. A 3.3% improvement in COP with a TE subcooler was experimentally demonstrated with a corresponding 7.9% capacity increase. A 18.7% capacity increase was demonstrated at a comparable COP to the baseline system. Acknowledgements The support of this research through the Alternative Cooling Technologies and Applications Consortium of the Center for Environmental Energy Engineering at the University of Maryland is gratefully acknowledged. Jonathan Schoenfeld, Associate Member ASHRAE, is Engineer. Yunho Hwang, PhD, Member ASHRAE, is Research Associate Professor. Reinhard Radermacher, PhD, Fellow ASHRAE, is Professor and Director.
Negative regulation in correct tissue-specific expression of mouse mammary tumor virus in transgenic mice. (1990)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is an endogenous murine retrovirus that is expressed in the epithelial cells of the mammary and salivary glands, lungs, kidneys, and seminal vesicles and in the lymphoid cells of the spleen and thymus. Several studies have shown that the long terminal repeat (LTR) of this virus can direct the expression of reporter genes to the same tissues in transgenic mice. To determine whether multiple regulatory elements within the LTR are involved in this tissue-specific expression, we have established lines of transgenic mice containing transgenes that have deletions in the MMTV LTR. Deletions of all LTR sequences upstream of -364 or of LTR sequences from -165 to -665 both result in the expression of linked reporter genes such as the simian virus 40 early region or the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in novel sites, such as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle; expression of endogenous MMTV and transgenes containing the full-length LTR is not detected in these organs. Negative regulation appears to involve more than one region, since deletion of sequences between either -201 and -471 or -201 and -344, as well as sequences upstream of -364, results in inappropriate expression in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Therefore, a negative regulatory element(s) in the MMTV LTR can suppress transcription from the viral promoter in several different organs. This represents the first example of generalized negative regulatory elements that act in many different tissues in transgenic mice to prevent inappropriate expression of a gene.
Beyond Coronary Sinus Angiography: The Value of Coronary Arteriography and Identification of the Pericardiophrenic Vein During Left Ventricular Lead Placement (2005)

Intraoperative left coronary arteriography increases the success of CS cannulation. Identification of the pericardiophrenic vein is a useful method to avoid phrenic nerve stimulation.
Cutaneous Features of Crouzon Syndrome With Acanthosis Nigricans (2013)

In addition to craniofacial malformations, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans results in characteristic cutaneous findings.
Methotrexate analogs. 2. Facile method of preparation of lipophilic derivatives of methotrexate and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate by direct esterification (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethotrexate analogs. 2. Facile method of preparation of lipophilic derivatives of methotrexate and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate by direct esterificationA. RosowskyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 10, 1190–1193Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00268a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00268a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An HPV-E6/E7 immunotherapy plus PD-1 checkpoint inhibition results in tumor regression and reduction in PD-L1 expression (2015)

Meeting abstracts The prevalence of head and neck cancers in the USA is estimated to be about 370,000 and between 25% to 38% of these are human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We have developed a viral gene delivery platform to immunize against HPV
Nanoparticle-Driven Assembly of Block Copolymers: A Simple Route to Ordered Hybrid Materials (2011)

The addition of nanoparticles that selectively hydrogen bond with one of the segments of a block copolymer is shown to induce order in otherwise disordered systems. This enables the fabrication of well-ordered hybrid materials with spherical, cylindrical, or lamellar domains at particle loadings of more than 40%, as evidenced by TEM and SAXS. The approach described is simple and applicable to a wide range of nanoparticles and block copolymers, and it lays the groundwork for the design of cooperatively assembled functional devices.
Specific Nitration at Tyrosine 430 Revealed by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as Basis for Redox Regulation of Bovine Prostacyclin Synthase (2003)

Treatment of bovine aortic microsomes containing active prostacyclin synthase (PGI(2) synthase) with increasing concentrations of peroxynitrite (PN) up to 250 microm of PN yielded specific staining of this enzyme on Western blots with antibodies against 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), whereas above 500 microm PN staining of additional proteins was also observed. Following treatment of aortic microsomes with 25 microm PN, PGI(2) synthase was about half-maximally nitrated and about half-inhibited. It was then isolated by gel electrophoresis and subjected to proteolytic digestion with several proteases. Digestion with thermolysin for 24 h provided a single specific peptide that was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as a tetrapeptide Leu-Lys-Asn-Tyr(3-nitro)-COOH corresponding to positions 427-430 of PGI(2) synthase. Its structure was established by precise mass determination using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry and Edman microsequencing and ascertained by synthesis and mass spectrometric characterization of the authentic Tyr-nitrated peptide. Complete digestion by Pronase to 3-nitrotyrosine was obtained only after 72 h, suggesting that the nitrated Tyr-430 residue may be embedded in a tight fold around the heme binding site. These results provide evidence for the specific inhibition of PGI(2) synthase by nitration at Tyr-430 that may occur already at low levels of PN as a consequence of endothelial co-generation of nitric oxide and superoxide.
Antibiotic Use and Microbial Resistance in Intensive Care Units: Impact of Computer-Assisted Decision Support (1999)

As part of our integrated hospital information system (the HELP system), we developed computer-assisted decision support programs for antimicrobial prescribing that are available at bedside terminals throughout our 520-bed community hospital. Recently, options have been added to allow direct physician order entry of anti-infective agents in the shock-trauma intensive care unit (STRICU). Physicians prescribed the computer-suggested regimens for 46% but followed the suggested dose and interval for 93% of the orders during a 1-year study period. In comparison to a 2-year pre-intervention period, improved drug selection and reductions in adverse drug events and costs were seen. Antimicrobial resistance patterns for nosocomial gram-negative isolates remained stable or improved in the STRICU over an 11-year period of computer-assisted antibiotic management. We conclude that strategies for optimizing antimicrobial prescribing have the potential to stabilize resistance and reduce costs by encouraging heterogeneous prescribing patterns, use of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to inform empiric drug selection, and reduced "tonnage" of antibiotic use.
Anti-CD86 (B7.2) Treatment Abolishes Allergic Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice (1999)

Allergic sensitization in asthma develops as a consequence of complex interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. We have developed several in vivo models to study allergen-specific T cell and B cell function and their relevance to allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), focusing on the role of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Treatment of mice with anti-CD86, but not anti-CD80, significantly inhibited increased serum levels of ovalbumin (OA)-specific IgE and IgG1, airway eosinophilia, and AHR both after 10 d of OA aerosol exposure (in the absence of adjuvant) and after intraperitoneal sensitization followed by repeated airway challenges. Inhibition of AHR was associated with decreased IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the BAL fluid of sensitized mice, suggesting impaired Th2 function in anti-CD86-treated animals. This effect was not seen when mice received treatment only before allergen challenge, indicating that anti-CD86 acts through inhibition of allergic sensitization and not simply by inhibiting the influx of inflammatory cells. These data suggest that the CD86 costimulatory ligand plays a major role in the development of allergic inflammation and AHR in allergen-challenged mice. Further, this study demonstrates that T-B cell interactions during allergic sensitization are amenable to therapeutic manipulation and that selective blockade of accessory signals can be an effective means for modulating distinct T cell functions.
Reduction of Nitrite to Nitric Oxide Catalyzed by Xanthine Oxidoreductase (2000)

Xanthine oxidase (XO) was shown to catalyze the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of either NADH or xanthine as reducing substrate. NO production was directly demonstrated by ozone chemiluminescence and showed stoichiometry of approximately 2:1 versus NADH depletion. With xanthine as reducing substrate, the kinetics of NO production were complicated by enzyme inactivation, resulting from NO-induced conversion of XO to its relatively inactive desulfo-form. Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined spectrophotometrically for urate production and NADH oxidation catalyzed by XO and xanthine dehydrogenase in the presence of nitrite under anaerobic conditions. pH optima for anaerobic NO production catalyzed by XO in the presence of nitrite were 7.0 for NADH and </=6.0 for xanthine. Involvement of the molybdenum site of XO in nitrite reduction was shown by the fact that alloxanthine inhibits xanthine oxidation competitively with nitrite. Strong preference for Mo=S over Mo=O was shown by the relatively very low NADH-nitrite reductase activity shown by desulfo-enzyme. The FAD site of XO was shown not to influence nitrite reduction in the presence of xanthine, although it was clearly involved when NADH was the reducing substrate. Apparent production of NO decreased with increasing oxygen tensions, consistent with reaction of NO with XO-generated superoxide. It is proposed that XO-derived NO fulfills a bactericidal role in the digestive tract.
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis (2018)

Multiple types of cancer have the specific ability to home to the bone microenvironment and cause metastatic lesions. Despite being the focus of intense investigation, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the metastasis of disseminated tumor cells still remain largely unknown. Bone metastases severely impact quality of life since they are associated with pain, fractures, and bone marrow aplasia. In this review, we will summarize the recent discoveries on the role of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the regulation of bone remodeling activity and bone metastasis occurrence. Indeed, it was shown that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, released from tumor cells can modify the bone microenvironment, allowing the formation of osteolytic, osteosclerotic, and mixed mestastases. In turn, bone-derived EV can stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells. The inhibition of EV-mediated crosstalk between cancer and bone cells could represent a new therapeutic target for bone metastasis.
Oxygen transport to embryos in microdrop cultures (1991)

The standard method for culturing small preimplantation mammalian embryos is a system in which they are placed into microdrops of culture medium under oil. Thus the source of oxygen for the embryos lies beyond two liquid phases--medium and oil. If transport of oxygen is not sufficiently rapid to replace that consumed by the embryos, the medium could become depleted of oxygen. Over small distances, the dominant means by which oxygen is transported through liquid is by diffusion. Our calculations show that diffusion alone is sufficient to supply oxygen to mouse embryos; there is virtually no perturbation of the oxygen concentration when there are up to 10 embryos in the drop, and 50 embryos produce a drop in oxygen tension that is not large enough to have a deleterious effect. Furthermore, diffusion is probably not the dominant mechanism by which oxygen is transported to the embryos; on the scale of these microdrops, convection is faster and would serve to mix the drop so that anoxic regions cannot develop. Therefore, we conclude that even a relatively large number of embryos in a culture drop do not significantly deplete oxygen.
Local Delivery of Protease-Resistant Stromal Cell Derived Factor-1 for Stem Cell Recruitment After Myocardial Infarction (2007)

The combined advances of a new, protease-resistant SDF-1 and nanofiber-mediated delivery promoted recruitment of stem cells and improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction. These data demonstrate that driving chemotaxis of stem cells by local chemokine delivery is a promising new strategy for tissue regeneration.
Synthesis of Nitrolipids. All Four Possible Diastereomers of Nitrooleic Acids:  (E)- and (Z)-, 9- and 10-Nitro-octadec-9-enoic Acids (2006)

Unsaturated fatty acids are nitrated endogenously to produce nitrated lipids. Recent studies have shown that these nitrated lipids have high chemical reactivity and profound biological implications. We report an efficient, scalable synthesis which is regiospecific and stereoselective for all possible isomers of nitrated oleic acid: (E)- and (Z)-, 9- and 10-octadec-9-enoic acids.
Molecular control of the cytosolic aconitase/IRP1 switch by extramitochondrial frataxin (2010)

The inability to produce normal levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin causes the hereditary degenerative disorder Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), a syndrome characterized by progressive gait instability, cardiomyopathy and high incidence of diabetes. Frataxin is an iron-binding protein involved in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISC), prosthetic groups allowing essential cellular functions such as oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme catalysis and gene regulation. Although several evidence suggest that frataxin acts as an iron-chaperone within the mitochondrial compartment, we have recently demonstrated the existence of a functional extramitochondrial pool of mature frataxin in various human cell types. Here, we show that a similar proteolytic process generates both mature mitochondrial and extramitochondrial frataxin. To address the physiological function of human extramitochondrial frataxin, we searched for ISC-dependent interaction partners. We demonstrate that the extramitochondrial form of frataxin directly interacts with cytosolic aconitase/iron regulatory protein-1 (IRP1), a bifunctional protein alternating between an enzymatic and a RNA-binding function through the 'iron-sulfur switch' mechanism. Importantly, we found that the cytosolic aconitase defect and consequent IRP1 activation occurring in FRDA cells are reversed by the action of extramitochondrial frataxin. These results provide new insight into the control of cytosolic aconitase/IRP1 switch and expand current knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of FRDA.