gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faster incoherent rays (2009)

High fidelity rendering via ray tracing requires tracing incoherent rays for global illumination and other secondary effects. Recent research show that the performance benefits from fast packet traversal schemes that exploit high coherence are lost when coherency is low due to inefficient use of the CPU's SIMD units. In an effort to solve this problem, methods have been proposed which try to extract the remaining coherency from secondary rays through ray sorting, reordering and streaming. Another category of traversal methods have also been proposed which ignore coherency altogether and use a higher order tree branching factor while tracing single rays at a time. These single ray methods not only target applications with incoherent rays but are also scalable with larger SIMD widths. This paper combines ideas from both categories to form a new traversal method which extracts coherency from a group of rays through simple filtering while still providing a fast single ray traversal in cases where there is no coherency present. This new algorithm does not depend on the use of packets which cleanly decouples traversal from shading and is scalable for larger SIMD widths. Results show that overall performance benefits are obtained on a current generation CPU architecture.
Cognitive impairment in unipolar depression is persistent and non-specific: further evidence for the final common pathway disorder hypothesis (2008)

Our results support the hypothesis that cognitive impairments in depression are neither selective nor specific; they have trait-like features and are, therefore, not merely an epiphenomenon of depression. Whether or not cognitive dysfunction is a prognostic marker for the course of depression remains still an open issue.
A Controlled Randomized Trial of Budesonide versus Prednisolone Retention Enemas in Active Distal Ulcerative Colitis (1987)

Sixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were evaluated by sigmoidoscopy, histology, and subjective symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment 16 of 31 patients (52%) receiving budesonide enema had healed endoscopically, compared with 8 of 33 (24%) (p = 0.045) receiving prednisolone enema. Budesonide was superior to prednisolone in terms of both significantly improved sigmoidoscopic and histologic scores and subjective symptoms evaluated by visual analogue scales. The patients receiving prednisolone had a significant depression of endogenous cortisol levels during the treatment period, but not the patients receiving budesonide. Budesonide enema seems to be a promising therapy for active distal ulcerative colitis and causes no adverse reactions.
Advanced Electrical Machines and Machine-Based Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2015)

The paper presents a number of advanced solutions on electric machines and machine-based systems for the powertrain of electric vehicles (EVs). Two types of systems are considered, namely the drive systems designated to the EV propulsion and the power split devices utilized in the popular series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle architecture. After reviewing the main requirements for the electric drive systems, the paper illustrates advanced electric machine topologies, including a stator permanent magnet (stator-PM) motor, a hybrid-excitation motor, a flux memory motor and a redundant motor structure. Then, it illustrates advanced electric drive systems, such as the magnetic-geared in-wheel drive and the integrated starter generator (ISG). Finally, three machine-based implementations of the power split devices are expounded, built up around the dual-rotor PM machine, the dual-stator PM brushless machine and the magnetic-geared dual-rotor machine. As a conclusion, the development trends in the field of electric machines and machine-based systems for EVs are summarized.
Multicenter Study of Autologous Adrenal Medullary Transplantation to the Corpus Striatum in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease (1989)

In 19 patients with severe Parkinson's disease, we replicated the surgical procedures developed by Madrazo et al. for transplantation of the adrenal medulla to the striatum, and followed them for six months after operation. We monitored their motor function with the use of standardized scales and determined the amount and quality of "on" and "off" time (the hours of the waking day when the antiparkinsonian medications were effective and ineffective, respectively). We found significant improvement in focal areas of motor function. The mean percentage of on time during the day increased from 47.6 percent to 75.0 percent (P = 0.012); the mean percentage of on time without chorea increased from 26.6 percent to 59.2 percent (P = 0.006); the mean severity of off time decreased as assessed by both the Activities of Daily Living subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale (P = 0.002) and the Schwab and England scale (P = 0.037). In contrast to the finding of Madrazo et al., however, the dosages of antiparkinsonian medications could not be decreased and postoperative morbidity was substantial. Despite cautious optimism, we conclude that the widespread use of this procedure outside of research centers is premature, since the improvement we found was slighter than in the previous cases.
Introduction to spread-spectrum antimultipath techniques and their application to urban digital radio (1980)

In a combination tutorial and research paper, spread-spectrum techniques for combating the effects of multipath on high-rate data transmissions via radio are explored. The tutorial aspect of the paper presents: 1) a heuristic outline of the theory of spread-spectrum antimultipath radio receivers and 2) a summary of a statistical model of urban/suburban multipath. The research section of the paper presents results of analyses and simulations of various candidate receivers indicated by the theory, as they perform through urban/suburban multipath. A major result shows that megabit-per-second rates through urban multipath (which typically lasts up to 5 µs) are quite feasible.
Techniques for verifying superscalar microprocessors (1996)

Burch and Dill [3] described an automatic method for verifying a pipelined processor against its instruction set architecture (ISA). We describe three techniques for improving this method. We show how the combination of these techniques allows for the automatic verification of the control logic of a pipelined, superscalar implementation of a subset of the DLX architecture.
Successful “in‐flight” activation of natural killer cells during long‐distance shipping (2012)

The need for novel cell therapies to be infused as fresh products may be a limitation for various cell types. However, we have shown that NK cells can be successfully shipped in the fresh state (allowing 48 hr from apheresis to product infusion) for use at clinical centers. Although IL-2 is critical for NK-cell activation, a 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator is not.
Regional Angiogenesis With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Peripheral Arterial Disease (2003)

A single unilateral intramuscular administration of AdVEGF121 was not associated with improved exercise performance or quality of life in this study. This study does not support local delivery of single-dose VEGF121 as a treatment strategy in patients with unilateral PAD.
Nano‐ to Microscale Porous Silicon as a Cell Interface for Bone‐Tissue Engineering (2007)

Porous Si (PSi) is shown to support and promote primary osteoblast growth (shown in the figure), protein-matrix synthesis, and mineralization. It is also shown that the osteoconductivity of PSi and other cellular responses can be controlled by altering the micro-/ nanoarchitecture of the porous interface. This material has the potential to be a functional biomaterial with both osteoconductivity and drug- delivery functions.
Quality Control of Heat-Treated Surface of 20CrMo Steel Transmission Countershaft (2011)

After heat treatment, the surface hardness and effective depth of hardened layers of automotive transmission countershaft, determines the quality of the part itself as well as the normal and reliable operation of the transmission assembly. The paper analyzes the specific reasons for such problems as soft zone on the hardened surface of transmission countershaft when proceeding with carbonitriding in the controlled atmosphere furnace, a multi-purpose furnace. And with process parameters adjusted, the process parameters of heat treatment are corrected that the soft zone has been eliminated and the quality of parts has been effectively controlled.
Naloxone Treatment of Opiate Dependence (1971)

The duration of action of naloxone hydrochloride, a narcotic antagonist, was extended by increasing doses in nine male volunteers. Blockade against intravenously administered heroin challenges was measured. A daily dose of 2.4 gm of naloxone hydrochloride elicited blockade to 25 mg of heroin and 3.0 gm extended blockade to 50 mg of heroin both for 24 hours. No toxic symptoms occurred in nine weeks of naloxone administration. In order to use antagonists in the prophylaxis of opiate dependence, a long-acting, parenterally administered formulation must be developed.
Erythromycin resistance due to a mutation in a ribosomal RNA operon of Escherichia coli. (1982)

There are seven ribosomal RNA operons (rrn operons) in Escherichia coli. A single rrn operon was amplified by use of a multicopy recombinant plasmid containing a complete rrnH operon. rrnH thereby has the potential to contribute a greater fraction of the rRNA found in ribosomes. Erythromycin-resistant mutants were isolated from cells containing the plasmid, and at least one mutation to resistance was shown to reside in rrnH on the plasmid. Erythromycin resistance was retained when a major deletion was introduced into the 16S rRNA gene and was abolished by deletions that affect the 16S and 23S rRNA genes but do not alter the 5S rRNA gene or non-rrnH DNA. Cell-free S30 protein-synthesizing extracts from cells containing the mutant plasmid have an increased resistance to erythromycin. The selection procedure used to isolate erythromycin-resistance mutations in rrnH may allow, with minor modifications, the isolation of mutations in rrn operons that change resistance of the ribosome to other antibiotics or that alter other properties of ribosomes.
Estimation of the optimal wavelengths for laser‐induced wound healing (2010)

Light at 480 nm should be used for treating infected wounds followed by 730 nm light for enhancing wound closure.
Adiponectin Is Related to CD146, a Novel Marker of Endothelial Cell Activation/Injury in Chronic Renal Failure and Peritoneally Dialyzed Patients (2004)

Adiponectin has antiatherogenic properties and attenuates endothelial inflammatory responses. CD146 is a novel cell adhesion molecule localized at the endothelial junction. In renal failure, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis are almost universal. We studied possible correlations between adiponectin, CD146, and other markers of endothelial cell injury in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on conservative treatment and patients with and without diabetic nephropathy maintained on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We assessed adiponectin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, and endothelial function/injury markers: von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule, and CD146. Adiponectin was elevated in patients with CRF and on CAPD. It correlated significantly, with PAI-1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, intercellular adhesion molecule, VCAM, and CD146 in nondiabetics on CAPD. In diabetics, CAPD adiponectin correlated positively with C146 and VCAM and negatively with PAI and TFPI. In multivariate regression analysis, only CD146 remained a positive predictor of adiponectin in all CAPD patients. In CRF, adiponectin correlated with CD146. In healthy volunteers, adiponectin correlated with TFPI and CD146. Elevated adiponectin related to CD146 may be the expression of a counterregulatory response aimed at mitigating the consequences in endothelial damage and increased cardiovascular risk in renal failure.
CD38 expression and immunoglobulin variable region mutations are independent prognostic variables in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but CD38 expression may vary during the course of the disease (2002)

Although the presence or absence of somatic mutations in the immunoglobulin variable region (IgV(H)) genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) identifies subtypes with very different prognoses, the assay is technically complex and unavailable to most laboratories. CD38 expression has been suggested as a surrogate marker for the 2 subtypes. IgV(H) mutations and CD38 expression in 145 patients with B-CLL with a long follow-up were compared. The 2 assays gave discordant results in 41 patients (28.3%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Binet stage, IgV(H) mutations and CD38 were independent prognostic indicators. Median survival time in patients whose cells had unmutated IgV(H) genes and expressed CD38 was 8 years; in those with mutated IgV(H) genes not expressing CD38, it was 26 years. For those with discordant results, median survival time was 15 years. Thus, although CD38 expression does not identify the same 2 subsets as IgV(H) mutations in CLL, it is an independent risk factor that can be used with IgV(H) mutations and clinical stage to select patients with B-CLL with the worst prognoses. Using cryopreserved cells taken at intervals during the course of the disease, however, changes of CD38 expression over time were demonstrated in 10 of 41 patients. Causes of the variation of CD38 expression require further study. Additional prospective studies are required for comparing CD38 expression with other prognostic factors and for taking sequential measurements during the course of the disease.
Suprabasin, a Novel Epidermal Differentiation Marker and Potential Cornified Envelope Precursor (2002)

The suprabasin gene is a novel gene expressed in mouse and human differentiating keratinocytes. We identified a partial cDNA encoding suprabasin using a suppression subtractive hybridization method between the proliferative basal and differentiating suprabasal populations of the mouse epidermis. A 3′ gene-specific probe hybridized to transcripts of 0.7- and 2.2-kb pairs on Northern blots with specific detection in differentiated keratinocytes of stratified epithelia. The mouse gene was mapped to chromosome 7 by fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization. This region is syntenic to human chromosome band 19q13.1, which contained the only region in the data bases with homology to the mouse suprabasin sequence. During embryonic mouse development, suprabasin mRNA was detected at day 15.5, coinciding with epidermal stratification. Suprabasin was detected in the suprabasal layers of the epithelia in the tongue, stomach, and epidermis. Differentiation of cultured primary epidermal keratinocytes with 0.12 mm Ca<sup>2+</sup> or 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment resulted in the induction of suprabasin. The 2.2-kb cDNA transcript encodes a protein of 72 kDa with a predicted isoelectric point of 6.85. The translated sequence has an amino-terminal domain, a central domain composed of repeats rich in glycine and alanine, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. The alternatively spliced 0.7-kb transcript encodes a smaller protein that shares the NH<sub>2</sub>- and COOH-terminal regions but lacks the repeat domain region. Cross-linking experiments indicate that suprabasin is a substrate for transglutaminase 2 and 3 activity. Altogether, these results indicate that the suprabasin protein potentially plays a role in the process of epidermal differentiation.
Doxorubicin triggers splenic contraction and irreversible dysregulation of COX and LOX that alters the inflammation-resolution program in the myocardium (2018)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used drug for cancer treatment as a chemotherapeutic agent. However, the cellular and integrative mechanism of DOX-induced immunometabolism is unclear. Two-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into high- and low-dose DOX-treated groups with a maintained saline control group. The first group was injected with a high dose of DOX (H-DOX; 15 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·wk<sup>-1</sup>), and the second group was injected with 7.5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·wk<sup>-1</sup> as a latent low dose of DOX (LL-DOX). H-DOX treatment led to complete mortality in 2 wk and 70% survival in the LL-DOX group compared with the saline control group. Therefore, an additional group of mice was injected with an acute high dose of DOX (AH-DOX) and euthanized at 24 h to compare with LL-DOX and saline control groups. The LL-DOX and AH-DOX groups showed obvious apoptosis and dysfunctional and structural changes in cardiac tissue. Splenic contraction was evident in AH-DOX- and LL-DOX-treated mice, indicating the systems-wide impact of DOX on integrative organs of the spleen, which is essential for cardiac homeostasis and repair. DOX dysregulated splenic-enriched immune-sensitive lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in the spleen and left ventricle compared with the saline control group. As a result, lipoxygenase-dependent D- and E-series resolvin precursors, such as 16HDoHE, 4HDoHE, and 12-HEPE, as well as cyclooxygenase-mediated PG species (PGD<sub>2</sub>, PGE<sub>2,</sub> and 6-keto-PG<sub>2α</sub>) were decreased in the left ventricle, suggestive of defective immunometabolism. Both AH-DOX and LL-DOX induced splenic contraction and expansion of red pulp with decreased CD169<sup>+</sup> metallophilic macrophages. AH-DOX intoxicated macrophages in the spleen by depleting CD169<sup>+</sup> cells in the acute setting and sustained the splenic macrophage loss in the chronic phase in the LL-DOX group. Thus, DOX triggers a vicious cycle of splenocardiac cachexia to facilitate defective immunometabolism and irreversible macrophage toxicity and thereby impaired the inflammation-resolution program. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Doxorubicin (DOX) triggered splenic mass loss and decreased CD169 with germinal center contraction in acute and chronic exposure. Cardiac toxicity of DOX is marked with dysregulation of immunometabolism and thereby impaired resolution of inflammation. DOX suppressed physiological levels of cytokines and chemokines with signs of splenocardiac cachexia.
Immunotherapy in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation. (1990)

Although high-dose chemoradiotherapy used for conditioning prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represent an effective tool for eradication of certain malignant hematological disorders, relapses indicate that the last tumor cell is unlikely to be completely eradicated. We are investigating several approaches for controlling residual tumor cells escaping from chemoradiotherapy by cellular adoptive immunotherapy and amplification of natural defense mechanisms, using recombinant human IL2 (Cetus, Emeryville CA), in a murine model of leukemia/lymphoma disease (BCL1).
Computation of harmonic comb filter weights (1993)

Harmonic comb filters are characterized in the frequency domain by notches arranged at equal intervals, and centered about DC. For a finite impulse response harmonic comb filter, the characteristic polynomial has its roots on the unit circle at equal angular intervals, symmetrically about 1+j0. A simple formula for the coefficients of such a polynomial and for their derivatives with respect to the frequency interval is presented. This result is applied as well to the computation of Butterworth filter parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Historical fiction and children's understanding of the past (1986)

(1986). Historical fiction and children's understanding of the past. Education 3-13: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 3-9.
Acetamide Selection of Kluyveromyces lactis Cells Transformed with an Integrative Vector Leads to High-Frequency Formation of Multicopy Strains (2007)

The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has been extensively used as a host for heterologous protein expression. A necessary step in the construction of a stable expression strain is the introduction of an integrative expression vector into K. lactis cells, followed by selection of transformed strains using either medium containing antibiotic (e.g., G418) or nitrogen-free medium containing acetamide. In this study, we show that selection using acetamide yields K. lactis transformant populations nearly completely comprised of strains bearing multiple tandem insertions of the expression vector pKLAC1 at the LAC4 chromosomal locus, whereas an average of 16% of G418-selected transformants are multiply integrated. Additionally, the average copy number within transformant populations doubled when acetamide was used for selection compared to G418. Finally, we demonstrate that the high frequency of multicopy integration associated with using acetamide selection can be exploited to rapidly construct expression strains that simultaneously produce multiple heterologous proteins or multisubunit proteins, such as Fab antibodies.
Identification of cellular proteins that bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activation-responsive TAR element RNA. (1989)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator protein Tat activates the expression of its viral long terminal repeat (LTR) through a target transactivation-responsive element termed TAR. We have constructed cell lines that constitutively express the HIV-1 Tat protein. Analyses of nuclear proteins from these cells and from matched control cells that do not express Tat have identified three proteins that bind to a radiolabeled HIV-1 TAR RNA probe. These polypeptides are 100 kDa, 62 kDa, and 46 kDa in size. Competition experiments using a wild-type TAR RNA sequence, a biologically inactive mutant sequence of TAR, and an unrelated RNA species demonstrated that these proteins show higher binding affinity to wild-type TAR than to the other two non-trans-activatable sequences. We hypothesize that these cellular proteins may mediate a function necessary in Tat-dependent activation of the LTR. The fact that no differences were seen in the binding profiles of nuclear proteins to TAR RNA in Tat-producing and Tat-nonproducing cells suggests that Tat does not directly interact with TAR.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Receptor for Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (1997)

A cDNA encoding the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptor gene (CPE-R) was cloned from an expression library of enterotoxin-sensitive Vero cells. The nucleotide sequence of CPE-R showed that the enterotoxin receptor consists of 209 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 22,029 D. This receptor is highly hydrophobic, contains four putative transmembrane segments, and has significant similarity to the rat androgen withdrawal apoptosis protein RVP1 and the mouse oligodendrocyte specific protein, the functions of which are unknown. The expression of CPE-R was detected in the enterotoxin-sensitive Vero, Hep3B, and Intestine 407 cell lines, but not in the enterotoxin-insensitive K562 and JY cell lines. The CPE-R gene product expressed in enterotoxin-resistant L929 cells bound to enterotoxin specifically and directly and with high affinity and rendered the cells sensitive to the toxin, indicating that the cloned receptor is functional. Results showed that enterotoxin could not assemble into a complex with a defined structure unless it interacted with the receptor. From these results, it is proposed that the enterotoxin receptor is required for both target cell recognition and pore formation in the cell membrane.