gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody Response to Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoproteins gB and gH after Natural Infection in Humans (1991)

Antibody to the recombinant gB (rgB) and recombinant gH (rgH) glycoproteins of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans by immunoprecipitating [35S]methionine-labeled CHO cell lines stably expressing rgB and rgH. Antibody to the rgB precursor was present in greater than 60% of immunocompetent individuals. However rgH antibody was detected in less than 10% of these patients. Antibody to both the rgB and rgH was detected during convalescence in three immunocompetent individuals with symptomatic CMV mononucleosis but to a lesser extent in three others who seroconverted to CMV without symptoms. Antibody to rgB and rgH in heart and heart-and-lung transplant recipients was detected in both primary and recurrent CMV infections but not with the same intensity as in immunocompetent individuals. Selected lots of immune serum globulin, administered prophylactically to bone marrow transplant recipients, were frequently deficient in antibody to rgH but not to rgB.
Patient Experience and Satisfaction With Sacral Neuromodulation: Results of a Single-Center Sample Survey (2011)

This study shows that patients treated with sacral neuromodulation, in general, are very satisfied. The main problems mentioned by patients are pain, loss of efficacy, and general concerns.
Ultrasonic measurement of elastic constants of anisotropic materials with laser source and laser receiver focused on the same interface (2001)

A noncontact laser–ultrasonic technique is described that allows determination of material properties of anisotropic platelike samples. The method requires access to only one side of the sample. Plane waves are synthesized by scanning the surface with a laser line source at judiciously chosen intervals. By doing so, the intricacies associated with the reflection of an acoustic ray off an interface of an anisotropic medium are avoided. The plane-wave reflections off the opposite free surface of the plate are simply governed by Snell's law. The identification of the stiffness-tensor components is based on the inversion of the phase velocities of these reflected plane waves. The procedure developed is presented and applied to both simulated and experimental signals. The method is easy to implement, and provides a means for noncontact measurement of elastic properties where there is limited access to test specimens.
WNT/RYK signaling restricts goblet cell differentiation during lung development and repair (2019)

Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are observed in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. However, the regulation of goblet cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we identify a regulator of this process in an <i>N</i>-ethyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea (ENU) screen for modulators of postnatal lung development; <i>Ryk</i> mutant mice exhibit lung inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RYK functions as a WNT coreceptor, and, in the developing lung, we observed high RYK expression in airway epithelial cells and moderate expression in mesenchymal cells as well as in alveolar epithelial cells. From transcriptomic analyses and follow-up studies, we found decreased WNT/β-catenin signaling activity in the mutant lung epithelium. Epithelial-specific <i>Ryk</i> deletion causes goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion but not inflammation, while club cell-specific <i>Ryk</i> deletion in adult stages leads to goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion during regeneration. We also found that the airway epithelium of COPD patients often displays goblet cell metaplastic foci, as well as reduced RYK expression. Altogether, our findings reveal that RYK plays important roles in maintaining the balance between airway epithelial cell populations during development and repair, and that defects in RYK expression or function may contribute to the pathogenesis of human lung diseases.
Effect of Sublingual Application of Cannabinoids on Intraocular Pressure: A Pilot Study (2006)

A single 5 mg sublingual dose of Delta-9-THC reduced the IOP temporarily and was well tolerated by most patients. Sublingual administration of 20 mg CBD did not reduce IOP, whereas 40 mg CBD produced a transient increase IOP rise.
Preen gland function in layer fowls: factors affecting preen oil fatty acid composition (2004)

1. Preen oil derived from the preen gland has previously been shown to differ in its composition between birds of different ages, sex and diet. As a part of a larger study on preening behaviour and its components, the relative percentages of fatty acids in preen oil were examined in laying hens that differed in age, beak trimmed status, feather pecking status (pecker and pecked) and method of sampling (either direct from the preen gland or from lipid extracted from feathers). 2. Five experiments are described. Fatty acids extracted from lipid were analysed by gas chromatography (GC). Fatty acid composition was affected by age, by whether or not a bird was feather pecked (but not if it was a feather pecker) and by lipid source. 3. Changes in preen oil composition with age (shown here) may be due to changes in circulating concentrations of hormones. Differences in preen oil composition between feather pecked and non-pecked birds may influence plumage odour and therefore taste, making the plumage of some birds more attractive to pecking than others. 4. The proportions of some fatty acids derived from feathers differed to those extracted from the preen gland. Lipid found on feathers is most likely a combination of that from the preen gland and from sebaceous secretions from the skin.
AliWABA: alignment on the web through an A-Bruijn approach (2006)

http://aba.nbcr.net/
Thalidomide Derived Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs) as Potential Therapeutic Agents (2003)

Thalidomide is known to be effective in the treatment of a number of conditions, including leprosy and various cancers. The exact mechanisms of action remain unclear although these are known to include anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, T cell costimulatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activities. However, thalidomide is being superceded by novel structural derivatives which have been designed to have improved immunomodulatory activity and side effect profiles. These are currently being characterised and some are entering the clinic in phase I/II studies. One novel group of structural analogues are classified as the Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs). This review describes the emerging immunological, anti-angiogenic and direct anti-tumour properties of thalidomide and the characterisation and clinical application of its IMiD analogues. We describe the laboratory studies which have led to the characterisation and development of IMiDs into potentially clinically relevant drugs. Early trial data suggests that these compounds may themselves become established therapies, particularly in certain cancers. Furthermore, ongoing studies will determine how best to apply these compounds to the appropriate clinical settings. We will describe the various clinical studies of lead compounds that are in progress and speculate as to the potential and future development of these exciting compounds.
Engineering a signal transduction mechanism for protein-based biosensors (2005)

Hybridization-induced conformational changes have been successfully used in biosensors for the transduction of DNA-binding events into readily observable optical or electronic signals. Similar signal transduction has not, however, proven of equal utility in protein-based biosensors. The discrepancy arises because, unlike ssDNA, most proteins do not undergo significant conformational changes upon ligand binding. Here, we describe a solution to this problem. We show that an arbitrarily selected, normally well folded protein can be rationally engineered such that it undergoes ligand-induced folding. The engineered protein responds rapidly (milliseconds) and selectively to its target, and it couples recognition with the largest possible conformational change: folding. These traits suggest that ligand-induced folding could serve as an ideal signal-transduction mechanism. Consistent with this claim, we demonstrate a label-free optical biosensor based on the effect that is sufficiently selective to detect its target even in complex, contaminant-ridden samples such as blood serum.
Effects of busulfan on ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and anti-müllerian activity of rat neonates (1988)

Pregnant rats were injected with busulfan on day 12 or 18 of gestation and the ovaries of 5- and 10-day-old neonates were compared with control ones in terms of 1) folliculogenesis, 2) production of estradiol-17 beta and estrone in vitro, 3) aromatase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD) activities, and 4) anti-müllerian hormone. Injection of busulfan on day 12 led to a reduction in the number of germ cells and follicles, delayed the maturation of antral follicles and lowered estrogen production and aromatase and 3 beta-HSD activities. Anti-müllerian activity, present in ovaries from 10-day-old controls, was also depressed in busulfan-treated rats. No obvious effects were observed when busulfan was injected on day 18. Estrogen biosynthesis could be stimulated by gonadotropins at day 10 post-partum, indicating the presence of functional receptors to LH and/or FSH. These relationships are interpreted as indicating that ovarian cells retain their capacity to respond to hormonal challenge despite the morphological impairment induced by busulfan. Other factors which possibly interfere with ovarian activity in busulfan-treated rats are discussed.
Multiple Transcripts for the Human Cardiac Form of the cGMP-inhibited cAMP Phosphodiesterase (1995)

cDNAs for two distinct Type III cGMP-inhibited (cGI) cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE), designated cGIP1 and cGIP2, were previously cloned from rat adipose and human cardiac cDNA libraries, respectively. In this study, another cDNA (approximately 4.0 kilobase (kb)) encoding a cGI-PDE of 74 kDa (658 amino acids) was isolated from a human placental cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of its open reading frame was virtually identical to a corresponding region in the 3' portion of the cardiac cGIP2 cDNA (approximately 7.6 kb) which encoded a approximately 125-kDa cGI-PDE (1141 amino acid). Northern blots and RNase protection assays revealed a prominent 4.4-kb transcript and a 7.6-kb transcript in human placenta. The transcription start site of the 4.4-kb transcript was assigned to cardiac cDNA nucleotide 1292, the putative beginning of exon 3 of the human cGIP2 gene, with a potential translation initiation site 183 bases downstream, as determined by RNase protection assay. The 5'-flanking region of the 4.4-kb transcript exhibited promoter activity in HeLa cells which expressed the 4.4-kb transcript, and contained a TATAA sequence 35 base pairs upstream from the tentative transcription start site. Recombinant cGI-PDEs, expressed in Sf9 cells from the 7.6- and 4.0-kb cDNA, exhibited differences in their subcellular localization and Km for cGMP. Thus, in human tissues, alternative transcription may contribute to generating at least two cGIP2 isoforms, cytosolic and membrane-associated cGI-PDEs with different Km values for cGMP.
Actin-Binding Protein Requirement for Cortical Stability and Efficient Locomotion (1992)

Three unrelated tumor cell lines derived from human malignant melanomas lack actin-binding protein (ABP), which cross-links actin filaments in vitro and connects these filaments to plasma membrane glycoproteins. The ABP-deficient cells have impaired locomotion and display circumferential blebbing of the plasma membrane. Expression of ABP in one of the lines after transfection restored translocational motility and reduced membrane blebbing. These findings establish that ABP functions to stabilize cortical actin in vivo and is required for efficient cell locomotion.
Properties of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant defective in the transport of arginine and ornithine (1977)

A canavanine-resistant mutant strain, defective in the transport of arginine and ornithine, was isolated and characterized. Experiments presented show that both the kinetics of influx and the steady state of accumulation of arginine and ornithine are affected by the mutation, whereas the activity of other related transport systems remains unchanged. On the basis of competitive studies, it is concluded that L-canavanine can inhibit efficiently the arginine-specific uptake system. D-Arginine appears to be a moderate inhibitor. None of the basic amino acid-binding proteins of the mutant strain showed detectable alterations in terms of quantity, physical properties, or affinity constants. Studies on the relationship between the number of transport carriers and the steady state of accumulation of arginine suggested the presence of a reduced number of membrane carriers in the mutant strain. It is proposed that the mutation affects a regulatory gene concerned with controlling the amount of membrane carriers produced, which are components of the arginine- and ornithine-specific uptake systems. The mutation maps at min 62 on the recalibrated linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, in a locus closely linked or identical to argP.
Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Devices and Pseudoelastic Components (2013)

Processing of Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi) is by no means easy because all processing steps can strongly affect the properties of the material. Hence, near-net-shaping technologies are very attractive for processing NiTi due to reduction of the processing route. Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides especially promising alternatives to conventional processing because it offers unparalleled freedom of design. In the last 5 years AM of NiTi received little attention from academics and researchers and, therefore, is far from being established for processing NiTi today. This work is to highlight the current state of the art of using the AM technique Selective Laser Melting (SLM) for processing high quality NiTi parts. For this reason, fundamentals for SLM processing of NiTi are described. It is shown in detail that a careful control of process parameters is of great importance. Furthermore, this work characterizes structural and functional properties like shape recovery, referring to the shape memory effect in Ti-rich SLM NiTi, or pseudoelasticy in Ni-rich SLM NiTi. It is shown that both types of shape memory effects can be adjusted in SLM NiTi by the choice of the raw material and processing strategy. By comparing the properties of SLM NiTi to those of conventionally processed NiTi, this work clearly shows that SLM is an attractive manufacturing method for production of high quality NiTi parts.
Absorption Spectrum of DNA for Wavelengths Greater than 300 nm (1981)

Although DNA absorption at wavelengths greater than 300 nm is much weaker than that at shorter wavelengths, this absorption seems to be responsible for much of the biological damage caused by solar radiation of wavelengths less than 320 nm. Accurate measurement of the absorption spectrum of DNA above 300 nm is complicated by turbidity characteristic of concentrated solutions of DNA. We have measured the absorption spectra of DNA from calf thymus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, salmon testis, and human placenta using procedures which separate optical density due to true absorption from that due to turbidity. Above 300 nm, the relative absorption of DNA increases as a function of guanine-cytosine content, presumably because the absorption of guanine is much greater than the absorption of adenine at these wavelengths. This result suggests that the photophysical processes which follow absorption of a long-wavelength photon may, on the average, differ from those induced by shorter-wavelength photons. It may also explain the lower quantum yield for the killing of cells by wavelengths above 300 nm compared to that by shorter wavelengths.
Mammalian Cell Display for Antibody Engineering (2008)

Antibody engineering has generally been carried out by displaying mouse or human antibodies or antibody fragments on the surface of microorganisms (phage, bacteria, and yeast). We have shown that mammalian cells can be used to display single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) for affinity maturation. Using mammalian cell display one can isolate and engineer scFvs, Fabs, or whole IgGs for increased affinity and other specific biological functions. Here, we describe a mammalian cell display strategy to isolate high-affinity scFvs specific for CD22. Our strategy uses flow cytometry and human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK-293T) cells that are widely used for transient protein expression. Flow cytometry enhances the screen's sensitivity thereby allowing us to isolate high-affinity antibodies.
Nanomanufacturing of high-performance hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes by coating uniform block polymer films from solution (2017)

Block polymer membranes in the hollow fiber geometry were fabricated by combining the dip-coating archetype with the self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation method.
Intravascular atherosclerotic imaging with combined fluorescence and optical coherence tomography probe based on a double-clad fiber combiner (2012)

We developed a multimodality fluorescence and optical coherence tomography probe based on a double-clad fiber (DCF) combiner. The probe is composed of a DCF combiner, grin lens, and micromotor in the distal end. An integrated swept-source optical coherence tomography and fluorescence intensity imaging system was developed based on the combined probe for the early diagnoses of atherosclerosis. This system is capable of real-time data acquisition and processing as well as image display. For fluorescence imaging, the inflammation of atherosclerosis and necrotic core formed with the annexin V-conjugated Cy5.5 were imaged. Ex vivo imaging of New Zealand white rabbit arteries demonstrated the capability of the combined system.
Hormonal and immunological aspects of the phylogeny of sex steroid binding plasma protein. (1980)

Sex steoid binding plasma protein (Sbp) in man and in monkeys binds the androgens dihydrotestosterone and testosterone and the estrogen estradiol with high affinity (Kd approximately 0.5, 1, and 2 nM, respectively). Detailed studies of steroid binding specificity give the same results in all primates, except that in humans and chimpanzees estrone does not compete for dihydrotestosterone binding. In other mammals, Sbps of Artiodactyla and Lagomorpha have the same range of affinities for androgens but they do not bind estradiol to any significant extent (Kd > 280 nM). The dog has an unusual Sbp (Kd for dihydrotestosterone, 7.1 nM; for estradiol, 125 nM), and rodents do not have a specific dihydrotestosterone-binding plasma protein. Gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic experiments have been performed with a monospecific antiserum against human Sbp. The results indicate variable crossreactivities with Sbps of primates (from complete in chimpanzee and gorilla to weak in Prosimii). No crossreaction was observed with specific androgen-binding plasma proteins of other species. These results suggest the evolutionary emergence of bifunctional Sbp.
Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Derivatives Have a Fragile Immune Privilege but Still Represent Novel Targets of Immune Attack (2008)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer an attractive potential in cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine because of their inherent plasticity and ability to self-renew. However, the immunological response against transplanted ESC-derived allografts requires further evaluation. In this study, we showed that ESCs expressing the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule H2K(b) escape immune recognition by H2K(b)-reactive CD8(+) T cells, irrespective of H2K(b) expression levels. In the face of more robust immunological challenge, however, evidence of ESC allograft rejection becomes apparent. We further assessed the adaptive immune response against terminally differentiated insulin-producing tissue derived from an ESC source to examine the potential future applicability of this tissue as a beta-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The functional ESC-derived insulin-producing tissue was infiltrated by alloreactive T cells and rejected in immunocompetent hosts. Hence, although ESCs and their terminally differentiated derivatives may possess a fragile immune privilege, they still represent novel targets of attack by elements of the immune system and are rejected. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of adaptive immunity toward ESCs and their derivatives. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
How to Set up and Maintain a World Wide Web Site: The Guide for Information Providers (1995)

From the Publisher:
World Wide Web (WWW) sites have been blossoming at an astounding rate, with good reason; WWW technology has proven extraordinarily effective at creating a flexible, interactive, and graphic medium for sharing all kinds of information over the Internet. Here in one concise volume you will find all of the essential information needed to create and maintain a World Wide Web site. Following every stage of the process, this book covers all aspects of WWW server design, setup, and maintenance, including: finding, compiling, installing, and configuring the appropriate web server software; understanding the ins and outs of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP); creating hypertext documents with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML); converting existing documents to hypertext; working with graphics, sound, and video; incorporating executable programs that run such features as searchable indexes; fill-out forms, clickable maps, and gateways to other services, and writing server scripts to create dynamic documents. In addition, an entire chapter focuses on security, pointing out the risks inherent in a WWW site and how to protect your site from these dangers without hampering its smooth operation. Most importantly, the book's illustrated Style Guide shows you how to put all of this information together to design a fully functioning web site that balances your desire for eye-catching graphics with the practical need for speedy performance.
An Incremental Adaptive Life Long Learning Approach for Type-2 Fuzzy Embedded Agents in Ambient Intelligent Environments (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel type-2 fuzzy systems based adaptive architecture for agents embedded in ambient intelligent environments (AIEs). Type-2 fuzzy systems are able to handle the different sources of uncertainty and imprecision encountered in AIEs to give a very good response. The presented agent architecture uses a one pass method to learn in a nonintrusive manner the user's particular behaviors and preferences for controlling the AIE. The agent learns the user's behavior by learning his particular rules and interval type-2 Membership Functions (MFs), these rules and MFs can then be adapted online incrementally in a lifelong learning mode to suit the changing environmental conditions and user preferences. We will show that the type-2 agents generated by our one pass learning technique outperforms those generated by genetic algorithms (GAs). We will present unique experiments carried out by different users over the course of the year in the Essex Intelligent Dormitory (iDorm), which is a real AIE test bed. We will show how the type-2 agents learnt and adapted to the occupant's behavior whilst handling the encountered short term and long term uncertainties to give a very good performance that outperformed the type-1 agents while using smaller rule bases