gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-frequency packing for linear modulations: spectral efficiency and practical detection schemes (2009)

We investigate the spectral efficiency, achievable by a low-complexity symbol-by-symbol receiver, when linear modulations based on the superposition of uniformly time- and frequency-shifted replicas of a base pulse are employed. Although orthogonal signaling with Gaussian inputs achieves capacity on the additive white Gaussian noise channel, we show that, when finite-order constellations are employed, by giving up the orthogonality condition (thus accepting interference among adjacent signals) we can considerably improve the performance, even when a symbol-by-symbol receiver is used. We also optimize the spacing between adjacent signals to maximize the achievable spectral efficiency. Moreover, we propose a more involved transmission scheme, consisting of the superposition of two independent signals with suitable power allocation and a two-stage receiver, showing that it allows a further increase of the spectral efficiency. Finally, we show that a more involved equalization algorithm, based on soft interference cancellation, allows to achieve an excellent bit-error-rate performance, even when error-correcting codes designed for the Gaussian-noise limited channel are employed, and thus does not require a complete redesign of the coding scheme.
Aluminum nitride nanowire light emitting diodes: Breaking the fundamental bottleneck of deep ultraviolet light sources (2015)

Despite broad interest in aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) optoelectronic devices for deep ultraviolet (DUV) applications, the performance of conventional Al(Ga)N planar devices drastically decays when approaching the AlN end, including low internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) and high device operation voltages. Here we show that these challenges can be addressed by utilizing nitrogen (N) polar Al(Ga)N nanowires grown directly on Si substrate. By carefully tuning the synthesis conditions, a record IQE of 80% can be realized with N-polar AlN nanowires, which is nearly ten times higher compared to high quality planar AlN. The first 210 nm emitting AlN nanowire light emitting diodes (LEDs) were achieved, with a turn on voltage of about 6 V, which is significantly lower than the commonly observed 20 - 40 V. This can be ascribed to both efficient Mg doping by controlling the nanowire growth rate and N-polarity induced internal electrical field that favors hole injection. In the end, high performance N-polar AlGaN nanowire LEDs with emission wavelengths covering the UV-B/C bands were also demonstrated.
Bistable Si growth conditions on Ge(100) in synchrotron-radiation-excited atomic layer epitaxy from SiH2Cl2 (1997)

When Si layers were grown on Ge(100) by alternating SiH2Cl2 gas exposure and irradiation with synchrotron radiation, bistable growth occurred at temperatures (i) below 400 °C (0.21 Å/cycle) and (ii) between 470 and 530 °C (0.42 Å/cycle). The growth rate saturated for both SiH2Cl2 exposures and synchrotron-radiation (SR) irradiation time. In regime (i) chemisorption and photon-stimulated desorption of H and Cl atoms on the Si overlayer resulted in Stranski–Krastanov-type growth. In regime (ii) chemisorption on a bare Ge surface, removal of the ligands by photothermal desorption, and enhanced migration of Si adatoms resulted in Volmer–Weber-type growth. Island size increased with increasing SR irradiation time in the exposure-irradiation cycle.
Live attenuated Salmonella: a paradigm of mucosal vaccines (1999)

Two key steps control immune responses in mucosal tissues: the sampling and transepithelial transport of antigens, and their targeting into professional antigen-presenting cells in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Live Salmonella bacteria use strategies that allow them to cross the epithelial barrier of the gut, to survive in antigen-presenting cells where bacterial antigens are processed and presented to the immune cells, and to express adjuvant activity that prevents induction of oral tolerance. Two Salmonella serovars have been used as vaccines or vectors, S. typhimurium in mice and S. typhi in humans. S. typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in a broad host range, including humans, while S. typhi infection is restricted to humans. Attenuated S. typhimurium has been used successfully in mice to induce systemic and mucosal responses against more than 60 heterologous antigens. This review aims to revisit S. typhimurium-based vaccination, as an alternative to S. typhi, with special emphasis on the molecular pathogenesis of S. typhimurium and the host response. We then discuss how such knowledge constitutes the basis for the rational design of novel live mucosal vaccines.
Induction of Th2 cell differentiation in the primary immune response: dendritic cells isolated from adherent cell culture treated with IL-10 prime naive CD4+ T cells to secrete IL-4 (1998)

A number of observations indicate that exposure to IL-4 is essential for the priming of Th2-type effector T cells and that exposure to IL-12 is essential for the priming of Th1-type effector T cells. However, the initial source of IL-4 in the early immune response has not been clearly identified. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) in priming naive T cells. In this report, we show that DC exposed to IL-10 may play an important role in the priming of IL-4-secreting cells in the early immune response. DC isolated from splenic adherent cell cultures treated with rIL-10 (IL-10-DC) primed naive ovalbumin (OVA)-TCR transgenic T cells to secrete IL-4 upon re-stimulation with OVA and splenic APC. By contrast, DC isolated from rIL-12, rIL-4 or control treated cultures induced almost exclusively Th1-type effector T cells. IL-4 secretion was detected in the primary cultures of IL-10-DC plus naive CD4+ T cells and the priming of IL-4-secreting T cells by IL-10-DC was dependent on endogenous IL-4 production in the priming culture since anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibody completely abrogated the priming of IL-4-secreting cells. Anti-B7-2 but not anti-B7-1 inhibited the ability of IL-10-DC to prime T cells to secrete IL-4. Furthermore, the ability of IL-10 DC to prime for IL-4-secreting T cells was closely related to the down-regulation of CD40 ligand-mediated IL-12 p70 production by DC in the primary cultures and was markedly reduced by adding exogenous IL-12 to the priming cultures. Thus, our findings indicate that early immunologic events that drive Th2 differentiation involve the effects of IL-10 on DC.
323. Efficient Generation of CART Cells by Homology Directed Transgene Integration into the TCR-Alpha Locus (2016)

Genetically engineered cancer targeting CAR-T cells have generated promising results in a series of B cell derived cancers. Development of these therapies for solid tumor applications has been much more difficult and will likely require extensive T cell engineering to improve both efficacy and safety. Advanced gene editing approaches were developed to enable simultaneous disruption of a target gene combined with introduction of exogenous transgenes at the disrupted locus. A gene specific megaTAL nuclease was used to generate double stranded DNA breaks followed by transduction with adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding new genetic information flanked by regions of homology proximal to the nuclease breakpoint. Highly efficient introduction of a CD19-specific CAR transgene into the T cell receptor-alpha constant (TRAC) locus was demonstrated using this approach. T cells treated with the TRAC megaTAL and corresponding AAV encoding a CD19 CAR and TRAC homology arms generated greater than 50% of CD19-CAR positive T cells that no longer expressed the T cell receptor complex. In vitro assays confirmed that TRAC-targeted CD19-CAR T cells were comparable to CD19 CAR-T cells generated by lentiviral transduction in their cytotoxicity and cytokine responses against CD19+ Nalm-6 cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of megaTAL driven homology directed T cell genome engineering to obviate the need for traditional integrating viral vectors and generate a defined and potentially more potent T cell product by combining gene disruption with targeted transgene integration.
An Efficient Approach to Generating Location-Sensitive Recommendations in Ad-hoc Social Network Environments (2015)

Social recommendation has been popular and successful in various urban sustainable applications such as online sharing, products recommendation and shopping services. These applications allow users to form several implicit social networks through their daily social interactions. The users in such social networks can rate some interesting items and give comments. The majority of the existing studies have investigated the rating prediction and recommendation of items based on user-item bipartite graph and user-user social graph, so called social recommendation. However, the spatial factor was not considered in their recommendation mechanisms. With the rapid development of the service of location-based social networks, the spatial information gradually affects the quality and correlation of rating and recommendation of items. This paper proposes spatial social union (SSU), an approach of similarity measurement between two users that integrates the interconnection among users, items and locations. The SSU-aware location-sensitive recommendation algorithm is then devised. We evaluate and compare the proposed approach with the existing rating prediction and item recommendation algorithms subject to a real-life data set. Experimental results show that the proposed SSU-aware recommendation algorithm is more effective in recommending items with the better consideration of user's preference and location.
The synthesis of perfluorovinylborazines (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of perfluorovinylborazinesAndrew J. Klanica, John P. Faust, and Charles S. KingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 4, 840–842Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50050a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50050a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Importance of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Vascularized Tissue Regeneration in the Field of Tissue Transplantation (2006)

The importance of stem cells in regenerating or repairing damaged or diseased tissues is well established, but three factors have to be considered in employing stem cells clinically. The first is how to harvest, handle, and multiply them non-invasively, easily, and effectively. From this standpoint, adipose-derived stem cells are considered to be the best to work with among mesenchymal stem cells; since they were first reported in 2001, their pluripotency, proliferative efficiency, and low donor morbidity have been amply confirmed. The second factor is how to differentiate stem cells into the required cells and use them effectively to construct three-dimensional tissues; here, tissue-specific scaffolds and signaling systems are essential. The third factor is how to ensure survival of the differentiated cells and regenerated tissues. Regenerated tissues need to contain vascular systems to allow both the tissues themselves and the differentiated cells to survive. Thus, we believe that the vascularization of regenerated tissues will be an important field of research in the near future. In this paper, we focus on adipose-derived stem cells and vascularized tissue regeneration within the context of tissue transplantation.
Functional and Structural Characterization of α-(1→2) Branching Sucrase Derived from DSR-E Glucansucrase (2012)

ΔN(123)-glucan-binding domain-catalytic domain 2 (ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2) is a truncated form of the bifunctional glucansucrase DSR-E from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299. It was constructed by rational truncation of GBD-CD2, which harbors the second catalytic domain of DSR-E. Like GBD-CD2, this variant displays α-(1→2) branching activity when incubated with sucrose as glucosyl donor and (oligo-)dextran as acceptor, transferring glucosyl residues to the acceptor via a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism. This allows the formation of prebiotic molecules containing controlled amounts of α-(1→2) linkages. The crystal structure of the apo α-(1→2) branching sucrase ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2 was solved at 1.90 Å resolution. The protein adopts the unusual U-shape fold organized in five distinct domains, also found in GTF180-ΔN and GTF-SI glucansucrases of glycoside hydrolase family 70. Residues forming subsite -1, involved in binding the glucosyl residue of sucrose and catalysis, are strictly conserved in both GTF180-ΔN and ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. Subsite +1 analysis revealed three residues (Ala-2249, Gly-2250, and Phe-2214) that are specific to ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. Mutation of these residues to the corresponding residues found in GTF180-ΔN showed that Ala-2249 and Gly-2250 are not directly involved in substrate binding and regiospecificity. In contrast, mutant F2214N had lost its ability to branch dextran, although it was still active on sucrose alone. Furthermore, three loops belonging to domains A and B at the upper part of the catalytic gorge are also specific to ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. These distinguishing features are also proposed to be involved in the correct positioning of dextran acceptor molecules allowing the formation of α-(1→2) branches.
Vision channels, contrast sensitivity, and functional vision (2004)

The neurophysiology and psychophysics of vision provide the basis for vision channels. Vision channels are the foundation of understanding spatial vision. This understanding has led to the development of a general model of visual perception and tests of functional vision. The channel model is shown to predict the Gestalt of many objects and perceptual distortions in a wide variety of spatial patterns misnamed as "visual illusions". Contrast sensitivity has been shown, more than visual acuity, to relate to functional vision and the visual quality of everyday objects viewed at work and play. The channel model and differences in contrast sensitivity help explain why people such as drivers with similar good visual acuity can complain of the quality of vision in one eye and not the other from eye disease and can dete4ct and identify objects at significatnly different distances. The peak of the contrast sensitivity function, about 3 to 6 cpd, is most sensitive to detecting objects at low contrast and is shown to relate to the visibility of a variety of objects in a night driving simulator. Using the contrast sensitivity function from sine-wave grating contrast sensitivity charts, EyeView software creates images that relate to the quality of vision.
Current Status of the Gene-For-Gene Concept (1971)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
A Selective, Cell-Permeable Nonphosphorylated Bicyclic Peptidyl Inhibitor against Peptidyl–Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 (2015)

Pin1 regulates the levels and functions of phosphoproteins by catalyzing phosphorylation-dependent cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds. Previous Pin1 inhibitors contained phosphoamino acids, which are metabolically unstable and have poor membrane permeability. In this work, we report a cell-permeable and metabolically stable nonphosphorylated bicyclic peptide as a potent and selective Pin1 inhibitor, which inhibited the intracellular Pin1 activity in cultured mammalian cells but had little effect on other isomerases such as Pin4, FKBP12, or cyclophilin A.
Regression of HPV-Positive Tumors Treated With a New Listeria monocytogenes Vaccine (2004)

Our results demonstrate the ability of a new Listeria-based vaccine to generate a specific antitumor T-cell response and cause the regression of HPV-positive tumors in a murine model.
Trends in the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment in the United States (2011)

Declines in heart disease and stroke mortality rates are conventionally attributed to reductions in cigarette smoking, recognition and treatment of hypertension and diabetes, effective medications to improve serum lipid levels and to reduce clot formation, and general lifestyle improvements. Recent evidence implicates these and other cerebrovascular factors in the development of a substantial proportion of dementia cases. Analyses were undertaken to determine whether corresponding declines in age-specific prevalence and incidence rates for dementia and cognitive impairment have occurred in recent years. Data spanning 1 or 2 decades were examined from community-based epidemiological studies in Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana, and from the Health and Retirement Study, which is a national survey. Although some decline was observed in the Minnesota cohort, no statistically significant trends were apparent in the community studies. A significant reduction in cognitive impairment measured by neuropsychological testing was identified in the national survey. Cautious optimism appears justified.
Molecular characterization of the human macrophage mannose receptor: demonstration of multiple carbohydrate recognition-like domains and phagocytosis of yeasts in Cos-1 cells. (1990)

The macrophage mannose receptor is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of tissue macrophages. After ligation of mannose-rich glycoconjugates or pathogens, the receptor mediates endocytosis and phagocytosis of the bound ligands by macrophages. The cDNA-derived primary structure of the mannose receptor predicts a cysteine-rich NH2-terminal domain, followed by a fibronectin type II region. The remainder of the ectodomain is comprised of eight carbohydrate recognition-like domains, followed by a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. Transfection of the mannose receptor cDNA into Cos-I cells is necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis of mannose-rich glycoconjugate as well as phagocytosis of yeasts. Deletion of the cytoplasmic tail results in a mutant receptor that is able to bind but not ingest the ligated pathogens, suggesting that the signal for phagocytosis is contained in the cytoplasmic tail.
Selective Recognition of Protein Tetraserine Motifs with a Cell-Permeable, Pro-fluorescent Bis-boronic Acid (2008)

There is considerable interest in novel cell imaging tools that avoid the use of fluorescent proteins. One widely used class of such reagents are "pro-fluorescent" biarsenical dyes such as FlAsH, ReAsH, CrAsH, and Cy3As. Despite their utility, biarsenicals are plagued by high background labeling and cytotoxicity and are challenging to apply in oxidizing cellular locale. Here we demonstrate that [(3-oxospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3',6'-diyl)bis(iminomethylene-2,1-phenylene)]bis-(9CI), a rhodamine-derived bisboronic acid (RhoBo) described initially as a monosaccharide sensor, functions as a cell-permeable, turn-on fluorescent sensor for tetraserine motifs in recombinant proteins. RhoBo binds peptides or proteins containing Ser-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser with affinities in the nanomolar concentration range and prefers this sequence to simple monosaccharides by >10,000-fold. RhoBo fails to form fluorescent complexes with constituents of the mammalian cell surface, as judged by epifluorescent, confocal, and TIRF microscopy, but fluoresces brightly within the Ser-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser-rich cell interior. These results suggest that current efforts to identify optimal serine-rich sequences for RhoBo will allow it to function effectively as a selective small-molecule label for appropriately tagged proteins either upon or within living cells.
Outerjoin optimization in multidatabase systems (1990)

Outerjoin is used in distributed relational multidatabase systems for integrating local schemas to a global schema. Queries against the global schema need to be modified, optimized, and decomposed into subqueries at local sites for processing. Since outerjoin combines local relations in different databases to form a global relation, it is expensive to process. Based on the structure of the query and the definition of the schemas, queries with outerjoin, join, select and project operations are optimized. Conditions where outerjoin can be avoided or transformed into a one-sided outerjoin are identified. Considering these conditions makes it possible to reduce the response time for query processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cytokines in asthma (2001)

The airway inflammation underlying asthma is regulated by a network of mutually interacting cytokines. The exact functional role of each individual cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be fully established. Type 2 T-helper cells are currently considered to play a crucial role in this process. In vivo animal data suggest a sequential involvement of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in the induction of allergen-induced airway changes. The potential role of other type 2 T-helper cell-like cytokines in asthma is increasingly being recognized. In particular, IL-4 and -13 display a large degree of redundancy. Whereas IL-4 seems to be crucial in the primary allergen sensitization process, IL-13 might be more important during secondary exposure to aerosolized allergen. Animal models also indicate that T-cell-derived cytokine production, rather than eosinophil influx or immunoglobulin-E synthesis, is causally related to altered airway behaviour. An important aspect when evaluating the functional role of cytokines in a complex disease such as asthma is the interaction with other cytokines in the microenvironment. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha can further enhance the inflammatory process, and is increasingly linked to disease severity. In addition, decreased expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, including interleukin-12, interleukin-18 or interferon gamma could also strengthen the type 2 T-helper cell-driven inflammatory process.
Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Perovskite Films (2004)

Understanding the suppression of ferroelectricity in perovskite thin films is a fundamental issue that has remained unresolved for decades. We report a synchrotron x-ray study of lead titanate as a function of temperature and film thickness for films as thin as a single unit cell. At room temperature, the ferroelectric phase is stable for thicknesses down to 3 unit cells (1.2 nanometers). Our results imply that no thickness limit is imposed on practical devices by an intrinsic ferroelectric size effect.