gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Case for a Signal-Oriented Data Stream Management System (2007)

Sensors capable of sensing phenomena at high data rates—on the order of tens to hundreds of thousands of samples per second—are useful in many industrial, civil engineering, scientific, networking, and medical applications. In these applications, high-rate streams of data produced by sensors must be processed and analyzed using a combination of both event-stream and signal-processing operations. This paper motivates the need for a data management and continuous query processing architecture that integrates these two different desired classes of functions into a single, unified software system. The key goals of such a system include: the ability to treat a sequence of samples that constitute a “signal segment ” as a basic data type; ease of writing arbitrary event-stream and signal-processing functions; the ability to process several million samples per second on conventional PC hardware; and the ability to distribute application code across both PCs and sensor nodes. 1.
PTEN , a Putative Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gene Mutated in Human Brain, Breast, and Prostate Cancer (1997)

Mapping of homozygous deletions on human chromosome 10q23 has led to the isolation of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, that appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in human cancers. In preliminary screens, mutations of PTEN were detected in 31% (13/42) of glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts, 100% (4/4) of prostate cancer cell lines, 6% (4/65) of breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, and 17% (3/18) of primary glioblastomas. The predicted PTEN product has a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and extensive homology to tensin, a protein that interacts with actin filaments at focal adhesions. These homologies suggest that PTEN may suppress tumor cell growth by antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases and may regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through interactions at focal adhesions.
Final Report for the Energy Efficient and Affordable Small Commercial and Residential Buildings Research Program - Project 3.3 - Smart Load Control and Grid Friendly Appliances (2003)

This report summarizes the results of a research effort that evolved during the course of the project. The objective of this project was to develop, implement, and test new methods for detecting pre-cursors of impending problems in the California electric power system. The approach pursued in this project utilized information that is measurable at the wall outlet anywhere in California. The approach deliberately focused on methods that do not require communication from an outside source, but rather be fully autonomous by relying on a local frequency sensor that measures the frequency in the AC power supply at the wall outlet and some control intelligence that can ultimately be implemented at low-cost in commonly used appliances for homes and business.
A Review of Recent Literature to Search for an Efficient Catalytic Process for the Conversion of Syngas to Ethanol (2008)

Alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals are being sought in an effort to improve air quality and increase energy security through development of novel technologies for the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals using renewable energy sources such as biomass. In this context, ethanol is being considered as a potential alternative synthetic fuel to be used in automobiles or as a potential source of hydrogen for fuel cells as it can be produced from biomass. Renewable ethanol can also serve as a feedstock for the synthesis of a variety of industrial chemicals and polymers. Currently, ethanol is produced primarily by fermentation of biomass-derived sugars, especially those containing six carbons, whereas 5-carbon sugars and lignin, which are also present in the biomass, remain unusable. Gasification of biomass to syngas (CO + H2), followed by catalytic conversion of syngas, could produce ethanol in large quantities. However, the catalytic conversion of syngas to ethanol remains challenging, and no commercial process exists as of today although the research on this topic has been ongoing for the past 90 years. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes have been reported. The homogeneous catalytic processes are relatively more selective for ethanol. However, the need for expensive catalyst, high operating pressure, and the tedious workup procedures involved for catalyst separation and recycling make these processes unattractive for commercial applications. The heterogeneous catalytic processes for converting syngas to ethanol suffer from low yield and poor selectivity due to slow kinetics of the initial C–C bond formation and fast chain growth of the C2 intermediate. Recently, there is a growing worldwide interest in the conversion of syngas to ethanol. Significant improvements in catalyst design and process development need to be achieved to make this conversion commercially attractive. This paper reviews and critically assesses various catalytic routes reported in the recent past for the conversion of syngas to higher alcohols, with an emphasis on ethanol. The chemistry and thermodynamics of the processes, the type of catalysts developed, reactors used, and the current status of the technology are reviewed and discussed.
Purification, amino acid sequence and immunological characterization of Ole e 6, a cysteine‐enriched allergen from olive tree pollen (1997)

The Ole e 6 allergen from olive tree pollen has been isolated by combining gel permeation and reverse-phase chromatographies. It is a single and highly acidic (pI 4.2) polypeptide chain protein. Its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence has been determined by Edman degradation. Total RNA from the olive tree pollen was isolated, and a specific cDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using a degenerate oligonucleotide primer designed according to the NH2-terminal sequence of the protein. The nucleotide sequencing of the cDNA rendered an open reading frame encoding a 50 amino acid polypeptide chain, in which two sets of the sequential motif Cys-X3-Cys-X3-Cys are present. No sequence similarity has been found between this protein and other previously described polypeptides.
Modellsysteme für die Gallium-Extraktion, I. Struktur und Moleküldynamik von Aluminium- und Galliumtris(oxinaten) / Model Systems for Gallium Extraction, I. Structure and Molecular Dynamics of Aluminium and Gallium Tris(oxinates) (1991)

Tris(oxinato) complexes of aluminium(III) and gallium(III) have been prepared from 8-oxyquinoline (OxH) and its six C-methylated derivatives from aqueous solutions of the metal chlorides or nitrates and an ammonium acetate buffer. Crystalline monohydrates or (upon precipitation with methanol) mono-methanol adducts are obtained. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal a meridional tris(chelate) structure for the two (isomorphous) tris(oxinates) Al(Ox) 3 · MeOH and Ga(Ox) 3 · MeOH with distinct differences in the individual dimensions. (The MeOH molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with one of the oxygen atoms.) For these species and those of the substituted ligands 3-MeOx, 4-MeOx, 5-MeOx, 6-MeOx, and 7-MeOx a similar meridional structure was confirmed by low temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy, which showed three inequivalent sets of ligands in each case. The collaps of these signals at elevated temperatures indicates a ligand-equilibrating process, with the mechanism probably comprising a dissociation of a pyridine function from the metal, to give a fluctional pentacoordinate species with free rotation about the intact M—O bond, and an M—N recombination at a random octahedral site. For the 2-MeOx ligands, however, the facial structure is preferred at lower temperature, but with the meridional isomer present as a component of an equilibrium. This indicates the strong steric influence of substituents in 2-position of the 8-oxy-quinoline.
Practical Aspects of microRNA Target Prediction (2011)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. These small regulatory molecules play a key role in the majority of biological processes and their expression is also tightly regulated. Both the deregulation of genes controlled by miRNAs and the altered miRNA expression have been linked to many disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is of particular interest to reliably predict potential miRNA targets which might be involved in these diseases. However, interactions between miRNAs and their targets are complex and very often there are numerous putative miRNA recognition sites in mRNAs. Many miRNA targets have been computationally predicted but only a limited number of these were experimentally validated. Although a variety of miRNA target prediction algorithms are available, results of their application are often inconsistent. Hence, finding a functional miRNA target is still a challenging task. In this review, currently available and frequently used computational tools for miRNA target prediction, i.e., PicTar, TargetScan, DIANA-microT, miRanda, rna22 and PITA are outlined and various practical aspects of miRNA target analysis are extensively discussed. Moreover, the performance of three algorithms (PicTar, TargetScan and DIANA-microT) is both demonstrated and evaluated by performing an in-depth analysis of miRNA interactions with mRNAs derived from genes triggering hereditary neurological disorders known as trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases (TREDs), such as Huntington's disease (HD), a number of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).
Expression of TGF‐β isoforms and their receptors during mineralized nodule formation by rat periodontal ligament cells in vitro (1999)

Transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-beta s) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of a TGF-beta superfamily, are known to play an important role in osteogenic cell differentiation and consequently bone formation. We have reported previously that periodontal ligament (PDL) cells differentiate and form mineralized nodules when cultured in the presence of dexamethasone (Dex), beta-glycerophosphate (GP) and ascorbic acid (AA). To understand the roles of TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3) and TGF-beta type I receptors (activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2, -3, -5 and -6) in PDL cell differentiation, their expression was investigated using Northern blot analysis. Rat PDL cells, derived from coagulum in the tooth socket, were cultured in the presence of Dex (5 microM), GP (10 mM) and AA (50 micrograms/ml) for up to 21 d. Total RNA was isolated from PDL cells after 0, 7, 14 and 21 d and used for northern blot analysis of mRNAs for matrix proteins, TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors using 32P-labeled cDNAs as probes. Four stages showing distinct morphological characteristics and matrix expression during development of mineralized nodules were identified. Type I collagen (Col I) and SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) mRNAs were expressed at the confluent stage, but decreased during the mineralization stage. Osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) transcripts were initially observed at multilayer stage, while bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC) at the nodule stage and all 4 were expressed thereafter. TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression increased with the progression of PDL cell differentiation, while a relatively high level of TGF-beta 3 transcript decreased slightly during their differentiation. TGF-beta 2 mRNA was not expressed. The expression of TGF beta-RI mRNA decreased, whereas that of TGF beta-RIII increased dramatically with PDL cell differentiation. TGF beta-RII gene activities remained high throughout all stages. ALK-2, ALK-3 and ALK-6 mRNA expression increased with the progression of PDL cell differentiation, suggesting that these receptors may play important roles in Dex-induced PDL cell differentiation and mineralized nodule formation.
Método y modelo para el apoyo computacional a la evaluación en cscl (2003)

El uso de medios computacionales en el dominio del Aprendizaje Colaborativo Asistido por Ordenador o CSCL (Computer Supported Collaborative Learning) ha sido considerado una oportunidad para la investigacion, no solo para la definicion de nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje, sino tambien como soporte a la evaluacion de los mismos. Este documento trata con detalle el problema del apoyo computacional a la evaluacion formativa de aspectos participativos del aprendizaje en entornos CSCL. La motivacion inicial del mismo fue la necesidad de refinar el marco DELFOS en aspectos relacionados con la evaluacion de los procesos de aprendizaje apoyados por las aplicaciones disenadas por medio de dicho marco. Como punto de partida teorico se ha adoptado la perspectiva del aprendizaje situado, que enfatiza la interdependencia entre contexto y aprendizaje, de forma que cada uno de ellos no se puede estudiar sin el otro. Como consecuencia de ello se extrae la necesidad de plantear la evaluacion desde un enfoque interpretativo, y de tomar la accion -entendida como el reflejo de la subjetividad humana en un determinado contexto-como unidad basica para el analisis. Se propone un metodo mixto de evaluacion que describe como integrar fuentes de datos y metodos de analisis de diferente origen y naturaleza en un esquema global que busca la complementariedad entre dichos datos y metodos. Las fuentes de datos incluyen observaciones, cuestionarios, grupos de discusion y datos recogidos automaticamente por el sistema. En cuanto a los metodos de analisis, se introducen metodos cuantitativos, cualitativos, y de analisis de redes sociales. El proceso de evaluacion se apoya en una serie de herramientas, entre las que dstaca SAMSA, desarrollada para el apoyo automatico al analisis de redes sociales. El analisis automatico se apoya en un modelo de la accion colaborativo y la representacion del mismo en XML. En ella se incluyen aspectos r
Fabrication of a two-dimensional phased array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1990)

We report the successful fabrication of a two-dimensional phase-locked array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The array was comprised of more than 160 vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers of 1.3 μm diameter with a separation of less than 0.1 μm between each lasing element. The array had a 25 μm diameter and each of the elemental lasers was located on a two-dimensional rectangular lattice. The threshold current of the two-dimensional array 45 mA yields a threshold current of 280 μA for an elemental laser. The far-field beam angle of the array was as narrow as 7°, and the spectral purity was found to be good enough to allow for a clear holographic image reconstruction of a holographic memory.
Organocatalytic Direct Michael Reaction of Ketones and Aldehydes with β-Nitrostyrene in Brine (2006)

We have developed a direct, asymmetric Michael reaction that can be performed in brine or seawater without addition of organic solvents. A bifunctional catalyst with long hydrophobic alkyl chains efficiently catalyzed Michael reactions and afforded the desired products in excellent yield with high enantiomeric excess, even when only an equal molar ratio of the donor to acceptor was used.
Characterization of Glucose-Specific Catabolite Repression-Resistant Mutants of Bacillus subtilis : Identification of a Novel Hexose:H + Symporter (1998)

ABSTRACT Insertional mutagenesis was conducted on Bacillus subtilis cells to screen for mutants resistant to catabolite repression. Three classes of mutants that were resistant to glucose-promoted but not mannitol-promoted catabolite repression were identified. Cloning and sequencing of the mutated genes revealed that the mutations occurred in the structural genes for (i) enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase (PtsG), (ii) antiterminator GlcT, which controls PtsG synthesis, and (iii) a previously uncharacterized carrier of the major facilitator superfamily, which we have designated GlcP. The last protein exhibits greatest sequence similarity to the fucose:H + symporter of Escherichia coli and the glucose/galactose:H + symporter of Brucella abortus . In a wild-type B. subtilis genetic background, the glcP ::Tn 10 mutation (i) partially but specifically relieved glucose- and sucrose-promoted catabolite repression, (ii) reduced the growth rate in minimal glucose medium, and (iii) reduced rates of [ 14 C]glucose and [ 14 C]methyl α-glucoside uptake. In a Δ pts genetic background no phenotype was observed, suggesting that expression of the glcP gene required a functional phosphotransferase system. When overproduced in a Δ pts mutant of E. coli , GlcP could be shown to specifically transport glucose, mannose, 2-deoxyglucose and methyl α-glucoside with low micromolar affinities. Accumulation of the nonmetabolizable glucose analogs was demonstrated, and inhibitor studies suggested a dependency on the proton motive force. We conclude that B. subtilis possesses at least two distinct routes of glucose entry, both of which contribute to the phenomenon of catabolite repression.
Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis: serial passage of disease in cynomolgus macaques and tamarins and recovery of disease-associated 27- to 34-nm viruslike particles. (1987)

An experimental model of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) was established in tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). First-passage animals were inoculated with two different stool suspensions obtained from human patients with well-defined ET-NANBH that originated from Burma and Pakistan, where epidemics of ET-NANBH occur. Both inocula contained 27- ato 34-nm-diameter viruslike particles (VLPs) that were specifically aggregated by acute-phase ET-NANBH sera. ET-NANBH was subpassaged in both tamarins and cynomolgus macaques by using pools of stool suspensions from first-passage animals. One additional passage of disease in cynomolgus macaques resulted in a significantly shortened incubation period and increased severity of disease. VLPs similar to those found in the human inocula were observed in stool specimens of first-, second-, and third-passage cynomolgus macaques and in first- and second-passage tamarins. Our findings indicate that cynomolgus macaques are particularly suitable experimental models for studies of human ET-NANBH. The 27- to 34-nm VLPs found in infected human and primate stools appear to be etiologically linked to disease.
The NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts and mediates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury (2013)

This study shows that the NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated in myocardial fibroblasts post-MI, and may be a significant contributor to infarct size development during ischaemia-reperfusion.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of mouse immunoglobulin epsilon chain cDNA. (1982)

cDNA corresponding to mouse IgE heavy (epsilon) chain mRNA was cloned from mouse IgE-secreting hybridoma cells. A clone containing the epsilon cDNA insert was identified by hybridization to epsilon mRNA and subsequent translation in vitro to unprocessed epsilon chain reactive with anti-mouse IgE antibodies. This clone was used to select 20 other epsilon cDNA clones by colony hybridization. The clone containing the longest insert was selected and the epsilon cDNA insert was subjected to sequence analysis. The determined sequence is 1,279 nucleotides long and contains the coding regions for part of the constant region (C epsilon) I and all of the C epsilon 2, C epsilon 3, and C epsilon 4 domains and also the entire 3' untranslated region of epsilon mRNA. When the amino acid sequence determined from the nucleotide sequence is compared to that of human epsilon chain, significant homologies between corresponding domains of the two epsilon chains are found, including conservations in cysteine and tryptophan residues and carbohydrate attachment sites.
For the Duration: Place, Space and Gender (2002)

The Second World War had a significant impact on British culture. Myths were created and have found their way into accounts of the war, state propaganda and areas of popular culture. An exploration of women's understanding of the war, contrasted with other accounts, serves to highlight the discrepancies between private and conventional history, offering 'a means of analysing how and by whom national memory is constructed' (Scott 1987, p. 28). During the war years the structure of feminine identities was called into question in ways which conflicted with embedded views of domesticity, nurturing and woman as a metaphor for home (Massey 1994).KeywordsGender RelationOfficial DiscoursePerverse BundleFeminine IdentityMale SpaceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Controlling Human Upright Posture: Velocity Information Is More Accurate Than Position or Acceleration (2004)

The problem of how the nervous system fuses sensory information from multiple modalities for upright stance control remains largely unsolved. It is well established that the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory modalities provide position and rate (e.g., velocity, acceleration) information for estimation of body dynamics. However, it is unknown whether any particular property dominates when multisensory information is fused. Our recent stochastic analysis of postural sway during quiet stance suggested that sensory input provides more accurate information about the body's velocity than its position or acceleration. Here we tested this prediction by degrading major sources of velocity information through removal/attenuation of sensory information from vision and proprioception. Experimental measures of postural sway were compared with model predictions to determine whether sway behavior was indicative of a deficit in velocity information rather than position or acceleration information. Subjects stood with eyes closed on a support surface that was 1) fixed, 2) foam, or 3) sway-referenced. Six measures characterizing the stochastic structure of postural sway behaved in a manner consistent with model predictions of degraded velocity information. Results were inconsistent with the effect of degrading only position or acceleration information. These findings support the hypothesis that velocity information is the most accurate form of sensory information used to stabilize posture during quiet stance. Our results are consistent with the assumption that changes in sway behavior resulting from commonly used experimental manipulations (e.g., foam, sway-referencing, eyes closed) are primarily attributed to loss of accurate velocity information.
Active Integrated Antennas (2001)

Active integrated antennas are a synergistic mixture of circuit and antenna technologies, that has lead to a range of innovative structures and geometries, which are now being developed for inclusion in a number of practical applications. However the mixture leads to some limitations and these are reviewed. Furthermore there are new opportunities opening up including integration with photonic systems, and the use of micromachining that will contribute to a continuing interest in this topic