gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asbestosis: Clinical Spectrum and Pathogenic Mechanisms (1997)

Asbestosis is a diffuse pulmonary fibrotic process caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Despite extensive investigations, the precise mechanisms regulating asbestos-induced lung damage are not fully understood. This review summarizes the important clinical manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of asbestosis. We focus on the relatively new information that has emerged over the last several years. The diagnosis of asbestosis is often easily established by well-characterized criteria. Pulmonary physiologic testing and high-resolution computed tomography can detect clinically occult disease. The finding of asbestos bodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirms that an individual has been exposed to asbestos but is of unclear significance in diagnosing asbestosis. Evidence reviewed herein suggests that asbestos pulmonary toxicity is due in part to the physical properties of the fibers, iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS), and macrophage-derived cytokines and growth factors. Special emphasis is given to the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radicals (HO.-) have a pivotal role in causing asbestosis. Definitive proof of this hypothesis is difficult to obtain since HO.- are highly reactive and their deleterious effects to cells may have occurred years prior to disease presentation. Despite these limitations, considerable data firmly support the notion that ROS have an important role in causing asbestos toxicity. Further, the iron content of asbestos or the redoxactive iron associated with or mobilized from the surface of the fibers is important in generating HO.- as well as in activating inflammatory cells. There also appears to be a close association between asbestos-induced ROS production and cellular toxicity and DNA damage. The full expression of asbestos-induced diseases likely involves the contribution of cytokines, growth factors, proteases, and other inflammatory cell products. Many of the mechanisms by which asbestos- and inflammation-induced ROS activate specific genes in pulmonary cells remain to be elucidated.
Composite multimedia and active objects (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Composite multimedia and active objects Author: Simon Gibbs Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, Université de Genève, 12 rue du Lac, Geneva 1207, Switzerland Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, Université de Genève, 12 rue du Lac, Geneva 1207, SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims OOPSLA '91: Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applicationsNovember 1991 Pages 97–112https://doi.org/10.1145/117954.117962Published:01 November 1991Publication History 66citation679DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations66Total Downloads679Last 12 Months58Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Hepatic microvascular dysfunction during evolution of dietary steatohepatitis in mice (2004)

In alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic microvascular changes have pathogenic significance for hepatocellular function, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and portal hypertension. It is unclear whether similar changes occur in other forms of steatohepatitis. We therefore examined whether hepatic microvascular dysfunction occurs in fibrosing steatohepatitis induced by feeding mice a high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Using in vivo microscopic--as well as histological and electron microscopic--methods, together with measurements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid content, and oxidative stress, hepatic microvascular structure and function were studied in relation to inflammatory and fibrotic changes during evolution of steatohepatitis. At 3 weeks of MCD diet intake, serum ALT was elevated and hepatic steatosis was pronounced. By 5 weeks, necroinflammatory change was noteworthy, and by 8 weeks perisinusoidal fibrosis was established. Compared with mice receiving the high-fat diet supplemented with methionine and choline (controls), levels of hepatic lipid and lipoperoxides were elevated at 3 weeks and beyond. The numbers of perfused sinusoids were significantly reduced at each time point. Enlarged, fat-laden hepatocytes together with perivascular fibrosis narrowed sinusoidal lumens, making vessels tortuous and impairing sinusoidal perfusion. At 3 and 5 weeks, MCD diet caused significant increases in phagocytic activity of macrophages in centrilobular regions. By 8 weeks, macrophage activity was less striking, but the number of leukocytes adherent to the sinusoidal lining had increased 5-fold compared with controls. In conclusion, these results are consistent with a dysfunctional hepatic microvasculature. Thus, microvascular changes may contribute to progressive liver injury in metabolic and toxic forms of steatohepatitis.
Improving Descriptors for Fast Tree Matching by Optimal Linear Projection (2007)

In this paper we propose to transform an image descriptor so that nearest neighbor (NN) search for correspondences becomes the optimal matching strategy under the assumption that inter-image deviations of corresponding descriptors have Gaussian distribution. The Euclidean NN in the transformed domain corresponds to the NN according to a truncated Mahalanobis metric in the original descriptor space. We provide theoretical justification for the proposed approach and show experimentally that the transformation allows a significant dimensionality reduction and improves matching performance of a state-of-the art SIFT descriptor. We observe consistent improvement in precision-recall and speed of fast matching in tree structures at the expense of little overhead for projecting the descriptors into transformed space. In the context of SIFT vs. transformed M- SIFT comparison, tree search structures are evaluated according to different criteria and query types. All search tree experiments confirm that transformed M-SIFTperforms better than the original SIFT.
NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2005)

Visual prognosis of neovascular AMD is variable according to lesion location, composition, and size. Often, lesions have a poor prognosis, resulting in rapid and progressive loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Such losses have a profound effect on patients' quality of life and ability to perform everyday tasks. Reducing the risk of further loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity might enable patients with neovascular AMD to maintain better functional abilities.
Functional heterogeneity of HLA-A*02 subtypes revealed by presentation of a MAGE-3-encoded peptide to cytotoxic T cell clones. (1997)

The peptide-binding and presentation characteristics of seven naturally occurring HLA-A2 subtypes were studied using M3(271), a peptide derived from the tumor-specific Ag encoded by gene MAGE-3, which has been shown to be processed and presented by A*0201+ melanoma lines. Three independent M3(271)-specific CTL clones were obtained from two unrelated A*0201+ donors. B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs) expressing A*0201, A*0207, or A*0209 could be sensitized to lysis by all three clones upon incubation with the relevant peptide. Furthermore, the same BLCLs were able to present endogenous M3(271) in IFN-gamma release assays. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of a functional overlap between A*0207 and other A*02 subtypes. One of the CTL clones also lysed M3(271)-pulsed BLCLs expressing A*0204 and A*0206, while the other two clones recognized M3(271) only in the context of either of these two subtypes. Peptide-pulsed BLCLs expressing A*0202 or A*0205 were not lysed, although A*0205 and, with lower affinity, A*0202 molecules were shown to bind peptide M3(271). These findings have implications for the selection of cancer patients for specific immunotherapy with peptide M3(271).
Expression of IL-17 Homologs and Their Receptors in the Synovial Cells of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (2005)

IL-17 is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-lymphocytes that accumulates in the inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Additional IL-17-related molecules and their receptors have been discovered and may also contribute to RA pathogenesis. We examined the expression of the prototypic IL-17 (IL-17A) and its homologs, IL-17B-F, by RT-PCR analyses of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. We also tested for induction of the IL-17 receptor homologs upon stimulation of the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of RA patients with IL-17. The patients' SFMCs expressed IL-17C, E and F in addition to IL-17A. As in the case of IL-17, IL-15 appears to be the major inducer of these homologs in RA SFMCs. We detected transcripts of IL-17R, as well as those of IL-17RB, C and D, in the FLSs of RA patients. Whereas IL-17R expression increased upon in vitro stimulation with IL-17, expression of IL-17RB, C and D was unchanged. However the possibility of cross-interaction between other IL-17 homologs and receptor isoforms remains to be investigated. Our data suggest that these additional homologs should also be considered as targets for immune modulation in the treatment of RA joint inflammation.
Structure–function analysis of rods and cones in juvenile, adult, and aged C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice (2003)

To determine whether the photoreceptors change structurally and functionally during aging, and to analyze whether pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium might be a contributing factor. Young, adult, and aged C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice (1, 4, and 17 months of age) were housed under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, with an ambient light intensity at the eye level of the mice of 85 +/- 18 lux. Scotopic single-flash and photopic-flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) after complete dark adaptation were used to assess rod and cone function, respectively. Numbers of rod photoreceptors were counted in plastic sections, and rhodopsin levels were measured using absorption difference spectrophotometry. Numbers and types of cones were determined using lectin staining in retinal flatmounts and cone-specific antibodies in radial frozen sections. Young pigmented C57BL/6 and nonpigmented Balb/c mice had similar numbers of rods. In both mouse strains, there was an overall decline in rod photoreceptor number during aging, which was more pronounced in albino mice. Rod cell numbers correlated with a drop in the overall amount of rhodopsin and a reduction in the maximum a-wave of the rod ERG. The number of short-wavelength cones was unaffected by age and pigmentation, whereas an age-related decline was observed in mid-wavelength (MWL) cones in albino, but not in pigmented mice. In contrast, MWL cone function was reduced during aging in both strains. Flicker-fusion frequency was determined to be approximately 10 Hz lower in albino animals, which is due to prolonged b-waves in these ERGs. Age-related changes were found in both photoreceptor systems, rods and cones, and in both pigmented and nonpigmented mice. However, rod photoreceptors appear to be more susceptible to both aging and the lack of pigmentation, when compared to cones. These results may help as we begin to understand certain age-related retinal diseases.
Microinjection of transforming ras protein induces c-fos expression. (1987)

Microinjection of p21ras induced c-fos protein accumulation in three types of 3T3 cells. The induction was rapid and efficient and persisted for many hours. In addition, anti-ras antibody dramatically reduced c-fos accumulation after serum stimulation of injected cells. However, cells which expressed p21ras continuously did not maintain a high level of c-fos expression.
Crosstalk between Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor and Integrin through Direct Integrin Binding to FGF and Resulting Integrin-FGF-FGFR Ternary Complex Formation (2013)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play a critical role in diverse physiological processes and the pathogenesis of diseases. Integrins are involved in FGF signaling, since integrin antagonists suppress FGF signaling. This is called integrin-FGF crosstalk, while the specifics of the crosstalk are unclear. This review highlights recent findings that FGF1 directly interacts with integrin αvβ3, and the resulting integrin-FGF-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ternary complex formation is essential for FGF1-induced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. An integrin-binding defective FGF1 mutant (Arg-50 to Glu, R50E) is defective in ternary complex formation and in inducing cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, while R50E still binds to the FGF receptor and heparin. In addition, R50E suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo, while wild-type (WT) FGF1 enhanced it. Thus, the direct interaction between FGF1 and integrin αvβ3 is a potential therapeutic target, and R50E is a potential therapeutic agent.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Blasticidin S (1966)

Journal Article Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Blasticidin S: II. Studies on the Site of Action in E. coli Polypeptide Synthesizing Systems Get access HIDEYO YAMAGUCHI, HIDEYO YAMAGUCHI From the Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NOBUO TANAKA NOBUO TANAKA From the Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 60, Issue 6, December 1966, Pages 632–642, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128489 Published: 01 December 1966 Article history Received: 28 April 1966 Published: 01 December 1966
Taming the killer lakes of Cameroon (2006)

A chain of volcanoes, some of them still active, extends from the Atlantic Ocean into the highlands of Cameroon. Mount Cameroon, located at the edge of the continent, erupted in 1999 and 2000 and spewed lava part‐way down its flanks, cutting off a coastal road. A number of the now extinct (or dormant) volcanic craters on the continental part of the line are filled with water, forming crater lakes. These lakes have achieved mythical status in local tribal lore. Lacking a written history, prior to the arrival of the colonial powers, much of our understanding of past natural phenomena relating to the lakes is based on these myths.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: MR Imaging of Liver Proton Density Fat Fraction to Assess Hepatic Steatosis (2013)

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for assessing hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by using centrally scored histopathologic validation as the reference standard. Materials and Methods This prospectively designed, cross-sectional, internal review board–approved, HIPAA-compliant study was conducted in 77 patients who had NAFLD and liver biopsy. MR imaging–PDFF was estimated from magnitude-based low flip angle multiecho gradient-recalled echo images after T2* correction and multifrequency fat modeling. Histopathologic scoring was obtained by consensus of the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network Pathology Committee. Spearman correlation, additivity and variance stabilization for regression for exploring the effect of a number of potential confounders, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results Liver MR imaging–PDFF was systematically higher, with higher histologic steatosis grade (P < .001), and was significantly correlated with histologic steatosis grade (ρ = 0.69, P < .001). The correlation was not confounded by age, sex, lobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, NASH diagnosis, fibrosis, or magnetic field strength (P = .65). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.989 (95% confidence interval: 0.968, 1.000) for distinguishing patients with steatosis grade 0 (n = 5) from those with grade 1 or higher (n = 72), 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.734, 0.915) to distinguish those with grade 1 or lower (n = 31) from those with grade 2 or higher (n = 46), and 0.893 (95% confidence interval: 0.809, 0.977) to distinguish those with grade 2 or lower (n = 58) from those with grade 3 (n = 19). Conclusion MR imaging–PDFF showed promise for assessment of hepatic steatosis grade in patients with NAFLD. For validation, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed. © RSNA, 2013
New precision alignment methodology for CMOS wafer bonding (2014)

A new precision alignment methodology suitable for distorted CMOS wafer bonding is proposed. Using multiaxis-interferometer and load-cell measurements with in situ fine stage-position adjustment combined with newly designed wafer holders, two wafers are flattened and aligned precisely. The alignment capability is 250 nm or better without any damage to low-k materials, making the methodology suitable for future 3D integration.
Production of advanced biofuels. (2006)

Four promising biofuels for the future - methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and synthetic diesel - were systematically analyzed for their technical and economic potential, and for improvements necessary to fulfil these potentials. Key technologies for the production of these fuels, such as gasification, gas processing, synthesis, hydrolysis and fermentation, and their improvement options were studied and modelled. The production facilities' technological and economic performance were analysed, applying variations in technology and scale. Production costs of these fuels range 16 - 22 ?/GJ HHV now, down to 9 -13 ?/GJ HHV in future (2030) under the assumption that certain technological developments have taken place and that biomass is available at 3 ?/GJ HHV . The feedstock costs strongly influence the resulting biofuel costs by 2 - 3 ?/GJ fuel for each ?/GJ HHV feedstock change. In biomass producing regions such as Latin America, the four fuels could be produced at 7 - 11 ?/GJ HHV , equalling diesel and gasoline production costs. The uncertainties in the biofuels production costs of the four selected biofuels are 15 - 30%. Large-scale gasification, thorough gas cleaning, and microbiological processes for hydrolysis and fermentation are key major fields for RD&D efforts.
Digestive Permeability to Different-Sized Molecules and to Sodium Cromoglycate in Food Allergy (1991)

Intestinal absorption of mannitol (used as a marker of normal monomer passage) and intestinal absorption of lactulose (used as a marker of macromolecule exclusion) were measured in 15 healthy subjects and in 20 patients with food allergy. When studied in the fasting state, there was no apparent difference in the absorption of mannitol between control subjects and allergic patients although the absorption of lactulose was more marked, but not significantly, in the latter group. Ingestion of an allergen by these patients led to a significant increase in the absorption of lactulose (intestinal passage increased by a factor of two). Administration of 300 mg cromoglycate 1/4 hour before the provocation test completely averted abnormal intestinal permeability. Digestive absorption of cromoglycate was also studied in the same 15 control subjects and 20 allergic patients. The peak plasma concentration and area under the curve were significantly greater in healthy subjects when the study was carried out in the fasting state. The application of an oral provocation test with an allergen also significantly increased the plasma concentration of cromoglycate in allergic patients. Contact between an allergen and the digestive tract in allergic patients therefore leads to an increased intestinal absorption of macromolecules but also to cromoglycate passage, which inhibits allergic reactions.
IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF): analysis and enhancement (2003)

Being a part of IEEE project 802, the 802.11 medium access control (MAC) is used to support asynchronous and time bounded delivery of radio data packets. It is proposed that a distributed coordination function (DCF), which uses carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and binary slotted exponential backoff, be the basis of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC protocols. This paper proposes a throughput enhancement mechanism for DCF by adjusting the contention window (CW) resetting scheme. Moreover, an analytical model based on Markov chain is introduced to compute the enhanced throughput of 802.11 DCF. The accuracy of the model and the enhancement of the proposed scheme are verified by elaborate simulations.
Coagulation-fibrinolysis abnormalities in acute and chronic phases of cerebral thrombosis and embolism. (1990)

We assayed plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex, D dimer, and antithrombin III activity in 40 patients with cerebral thrombosis and nine patients with cerebral embolism during the acute (less than 7 days), subacute (7-27 days), and chronic (greater than or equal to 28 days) periods and compared these with 69 controls. In cerebral thrombosis, fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A levels were elevated significantly in all stages (p less than 0.001), whereas plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex and D dimer levels were elevated significantly in the subacute and chronic periods. The antithrombin III activity was significantly decreased in the acute stage. The elevation of fibrinogen and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex levels in the acute stage was significantly greater in patients with an infarct size greater than 10 mm2 compared to patients with an infarct size less than 10 mm2. We observed similar changes in patients with cerebral embolism. These results suggest that enhanced coagulation exists at all stages and endogenous fibrinolysis is activated in the subacute and chronic periods in a large proportion of patients with cerebral thrombosis and embolism.
Analytical Relationships Among Biosite, Bayer, and Roche Methods for BNP and NT-proBNP (2005)

This study determined whether, for patient monitoring, it is feasible to convert B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) results obtained using Triage (BNP, Biosite, San Diego, CA), Centaur (BNP, Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY), and Elecsys 2010 (N-terminal proBNP; Roche, Indianapolis, IN) assays. Concordance between assays and effects of renal impairment also were assessed. Samples were primarily from emergency center patients. Biosite testing was performed immediately; Bayer and Roche testing was performed later on plasma stored frozen (–30°C). Logistic regression relationships were as follows: Bayer = 0.57 Biosite + 23.1, n = 121, R2 = 0.85; Roche = 6.09 Biosite – 220.4 + 1,131.6 (if female), n = 131, R2 = 0.57; and Roche = 15.34 Bayer + 2,400.8, n = 150, R2 = 0.23. An increased serum creatinine level (≥2 mg/dL [≥177 μmol/L]) influenced the Roche results. We conclude the following from this preliminary study: (1) Results from one method cannot be converted reliably to another using regression relationships. (2) When using manufacturers’cutoff values, concordance between assays was acceptable. (3) Renal impairment affected Roche results.