gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The group A Streptococcus small regulatory RNA FasX enhances streptokinase activity by increasing the stability of the ska mRNA transcript (2010)

Small RNA molecules play key regulatory roles in many bacterial species. However, little mechanistic data exists for the action of small regulatory RNAs in the human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS). Here, we analysed the relationship between a putative GAS sRNA and production of the secreted virulence factor streptokinase (SKA). SKA promotes GAS dissemination by activating conversion of host plasminogen into the fibrin-degrading protease plasmin. Homologues of the putative sRNA-encoding gene fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding/haemolytic-activity/streptokinase-regulator-X (fasX) were identified in four different pyogenic streptococcal species. However, despite 79% fasX nucleotide identity, a fasX allele from the animal pathogen Streptococcus zooepidemicus failed to complement a GAS fasX mutant. Using a series of precisely constructed fasX alleles we discovered that FasX is a bona-fide sRNA that post-transcriptionally regulates SKA production in GAS. By base-pairing to the 5' end of ska mRNA, FasX enhances ska transcript stability, resulting in a ∼10-fold increase in SKA activity. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms used by small regulatory RNAs to activate target mRNAs, and enhances our understanding of the regulation of a key GAS virulence factor.
Liposome-Mediated Delivery of Oligodeoxynucleotides In Vivo (2002)

Oligodeoxynuclotides (ODNs) are deoxyribonucleic-acid-based sequences showing therapeutic potential against such diseases as cancer, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, viral infections, and inflammation. Administration of these chemical entities using carriers has certain advantages over administration of free nucleic acid strands. Liposomes, one class of carriers, have been proven to be a popular choice for ODN delivery in vivo because of their potential to increase resistance of ODNs against nucleases and enhance circulation half-life. This result increases ODN uptake in target cells. Several liposomal formulations with proven potential for ODN delivery in vivo are discussed in this article.
Nanoclusters of semiconductors and metals: Colloidal nano‐particles of semiconductors and metals: Electronic structure and processes (1997)

Abstract The electronics of colloidal nano‐particles of semiconductors and metals has been one of the fastest growing research fields in physical chemistry for the past 10 years. The historical development is briefly reviewed and a number of fundamental effects and processes are described. They include the transition from the compact material to the atom, heterogeneous photo‐catalysis, and various aspects of nano‐electrochemistry, such as the storage of excess electrons and metal deposition on nano‐particles. Preparative aspects, such as the synthesis of composite metal and semiconductor particles and of nano‐crystals of semiconductors are also discussed.
Effects of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I in Man (1990)

A 6-day period of subcutaneous infusion with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in three healthy male volunteers resulted in an increase in the ratio of insulin to C-peptide levels and significant decreases in triglyceride levels and the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum. Increased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates were also observed.
Suicidality and Its Relationship to Treatment Outcome in Depressed Adolescents (2004)

This study investigates the impact of suicidality on treatment outcome in 107 depressed adolescents who participated in a clinical trial, and received either cognitive-behavioral (CBT), systemic-behavioral-family (SBFT), or non-directive-supportive therapy (NST). Suicidal depressed adolescents had a higher dropout rate and were more likely to be depressed at the end of treatment, in large part due to the particularly poor response of suicidal patients to NST. The relationship between suicidality and treatment response was mediated by severity of depression and hopelessness at intake. Hopelessness should be specifically targeted early in treatment. Suicidal depressed adolescents should not receive NST but a specific treatment like CBT.
The Ecology of Arsenic (2003)

Arsenic is a metalloid whose name conjures up images of murder. Nonetheless, certain prokaryotes use arsenic oxyanions for energy generation, either by oxidizing arsenite or by respiring arsenate. These microbes are phylogenetically diverse and occur in a wide range of habitats. Arsenic cycling may take place in the absence of oxygen and can contribute to organic matter oxidation. In aquifers, these microbial reactions may mobilize arsenic from the solid to the aqueous phase, resulting in contaminated drinking water. Here we review what is known about arsenic-metabolizing bacteria and their potential impact on speciation and mobilization of arsenic in nature.
Lung mechanics during induced bronchoconstriction (1996)

To elucidate differences in lung mechanics, we investigated the relative changes of partial forced expiratory flows at 50 and 30% of vital capacity, pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic elastance (Edyn), and the effects of a deep inhalation (DI) on maximal flows, Edyn, and RL in eight asthmatic and eight normal individuals during bronchial challenges with methacholine, histamine, and ATP. RL was partitioned into inspiratory and expiratory resistance. Different constrictor agents did not induce specific patterns of response. For a given decrement of flow at 50 and 30% vital capacity, RL increased significantly more in normal than in asthmatic individuals. The ratio of inspiratory to expiratory RL was always < 1 at baseline but became > 1 in the majority of asthmatic and normal individuals when RL exceeded 12.2 +/- 0.9 cmH2O.1-1.s, suggesting that tidal inspiration may have induced transient bronchodilation in more constricted subjects. In asthmatic individuals, DI had a significantly smaller effect on flow but not on RL compared with normal individuals. The recovery of RL and Edyn after DI was faster than Edyn for both normal and asthmatic individuals. These findings are consistent with the idea that asthmatic individuals have a stronger peripheral response to agonists than normal individuals.
Treatment of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis with High-Dose Itraconazole (2003)

The use of itraconazole, short-burst low-dose oral corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids, and endoscopic surgery is a safe and clinically effective regimen in the management of AFS. Our clinical experience suggests medical management of recurrent AFS with itraconazole may avoid revision surgery.
Schedule-calibrated occupant behavior simulation (2010)

Building performance simulation promises to reduce the future impact of buildings on the environment by helping architects predict the energy demand associated with different design options. We present a new method for simulating occupant behavior in buildings, a key phase in the prediction of energy use. Our method first inputs the recorded activities of actual building occupants, then randomly generates fictional schedules with similar behavioral patterns. The main contribution of this work is a mathematical technique in which an arbitrary set of factors can be used to select plausible activity types, durations, and numbers of participants during a simulation. A prototype model was implemented to test the method, and results obtained to date suggest that the generated occupant schedules are believable when compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to real occupant schedules.
Therapeutic potential of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 antagonists as multifunctional agents (2006)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 possesses multiple critical functions in normal and pathologic physiology. CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that transduces signals of its endogenous ligand, the chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1). The interaction between CXCL12 and CXCR4 plays an important role in the migration of progenitors during embryologic development of the cardiovascular, hemopoietic, central nervous systems, and so on. This interaction is also known to be involved in several intractable disease processes, including HIV infection, cancer cell metastasis, leukemia cell progression, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and pulmonary fibrosis. It is conjectured that this interaction may be a critical therapeutic target in all of these diseases, and several CXCR4 antagonists have been proposed as potential drugs. Fourteen-mer peptides, T140 and its analogues, were previously developed in our laboratory as specific CXCR4 antagonists that were identified as HIV-entry inhibitors, anti-cancer-metastatic agents, anti-chronic lymphocytic/acute lymphoblastic leukemia agents, and anti-RA agents. Cyclic pentapeptides, such as FC131 [cyclo(D-Tyr-Arg-Arg-L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine-Gly)], were also previously found as CXCR4 antagonist leads based on pharmacophores of T140. This review article describes the elucidation of multiple functions of CXCR4 antagonists and the development of a number of low-molecular weight CXCR4 antagonists involving FC131 analogues and other compounds with different scaffolds including linear-type structures.
Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines for Managing SLA Violations (2007)

A dynamic server migration and consolidation algorithm is introduced. The algorithm is shown to provide substantial improvement over static server consolidation in reducing the amount of required capacity and the rate of service level agreement violations. Benefits accrue for workloads that are variable and can be forecast over intervals shorter than the time scale of demand variability. The management algorithm reduces the amount of physical capacity required to support a specified rate of SLA violations for a given workload by as much as 50% as compared to static consolidation approach. Another result is that the rate of SLA violations at fixed capacity may be reduced by up to 20%. The results are based on hundreds of production workload traces across a variety of operating systems, applications, and industries.
PALB2-Positive Breast Cancer in a 40-Year-Old Man. (2017)

In July 2003, an asymptomatic 40-year-old man presented to his primary care physician for routine care and was found to have a palpable right axillary lymph node.
Blocking oriented monolayers of alkyl mercaptans on gold electrodes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlocking oriented monolayers of alkyl mercaptans on gold electrodesH. O. Finklea, S. Avery, M. Lynch, and T. FurtschCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 3, 409–413Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00075a024https://doi.org/10.1021/la00075a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1495Altmetric-Citations396LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of Telomerase Catalytic Component, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, in Human Gastric Carcinomas (1998)

Telomerase activity is believed to be crucial for cellular immortality, which is considered to participate in the development of a majority of human cancers. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has recently been identified as a catalytic subunit of telomerase. We examined the expression of TERT and other telomerase components such as human telomerase RNA component (hTR, encoded by TERC) and human telomerase-associated protein (TEP1) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human gastric carcinomas and non-neoplastic mucosa, in addition to measuring the telomerase activity. Of 20 gastric carcinomas examined, 18 (90%) and 18 (90%) showed increased expression of TERT and higher telomerase activity in comparison with corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa, respectively. Increased expression of hTR/TERC was also observed in 15 (75%) of the gastric carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, strong expression of TERT protein was detected in the nuclei of the tumor cells of all carcinoma tissues, while the expression of TERT in non-neoplastic mucosal cells as well as stromal elements (except lymphocytes) was weak or negative. These findings suggest that increased TERT expression associated with telomerase activity may serve as a novel marker for the diagnosis of stomach cancer.
The collagen types in the attachment zone of rotator cuff tendons in the elderly: an immunohistochemical study. (1994)

We conclude that severe degenerative changes in the cuff tendons of elderly individuals, alter the collagen characteristic of the rotator cuff and that the changes could be associated with impairment of biomechanical properties of the attachment zone, and may give rise to the clinical syndrome of enthesopathy.
Polymicrobial Bloodstream Infections among Children and Adolescents with Central Venous Catheters Evaluated in Ambulatory Care (2007)

Younger children and those who had not recently been discharged from the hospital had an increased risk of developing catheter-related polymicrobial BSI. Special consideration should be given to the increased likelihood of polymicrobial BSIs in these pediatric patients when initiating empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Synthesis of Isocyanate-Based Brush Block Copolymers and Their Rapid Self-Assembly to Infrared-Reflecting Photonic Crystals (2012)

The synthesis of rigid-rod, helical isocyanate-based macromonomers was achieved through the polymerization of hexyl isocyanate and 4-phenylbutyl isocyanate, initiated by an exo-norbornene functionalized half-titanocene complex. Sequential ruthenium-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization of these macromonomers readily afforded well-defined brush block copolymers, with precisely tunable molecular weights ranging from high (1512 kDa) to ultrahigh (7119 kDa), while maintaining narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.08-1.39). The self-assembly of these brush block copolymers to solid thin-films and their photonic properties were investigated. Due to the rigid architecture of these novel polymeric materials, they rapidly self-assemble through simple controlled evaporation to photonic crystal materials that reflect light from the ultra-violet, through the visible, to the near-infrared. The wavelength of reflectance is linearly related to the brush block copolymer molecular weight, allowing for predictable tuning of the band gap through synthetic control of the polymer molecular weight. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and optical modeling was employed to explain the origin of reflectivity.
The two biological activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein involve two separable structural domains (1996)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu protein is an integral membrane phosphoprotein that induces CD4 degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances virus release from the cell surface. CD4 degradation is specific, requires phosphorylation of Vpu, and involves the interaction between Vpu and the CD4 cytoplasmic domain. In contrast, regulation of virus release is less specific and not restricted to HIV-1 and may be mechanistically-distinct from CD4 degradation. We show here that a mutant of Vpu, Vpu35, lacking most of its cytoplasmic domain has residual biological activity for virus release but is unable to induce CD4 degradation. This finding suggests that the N terminus of Vpu encoding the transmembrane (TM) anchor represents an active domain important for the regulation of virus release but not CD4 degradation. To better define the functions of Vpu's TM anchor and cytoplasmic domain, we designed a mutant, VpuRD, containing a scrambled TM sequence with a conserved amino acid composition and alpha-helical structure. The resulting protein was integrated normally into membranes, was able to form homo-oligomers, and exhibited expression levels, protein stability, and subcellular localization similar to those of wild-type Vpu. Moreover, VpuRD was capable of binding to CD4 and to induce CD4 degradation with wild-type efficiency, confirming proper membrane topology and indicating that the alteration of the Vpu TM domain did not interfere with this function of Vpu. However, VpuRD was unable to enhance the release of virus particles from infected or transfected cells, and virus encoding VpuRD had replication characteristics in T cells indistinguishable from those of a Vpu-deficient HIV-1 isolate. Mutation of the phosphorylation sites in VpuRD resulted in a protein which was unable to perform either function of Vpu. The results of our experiments suggest that the two biological activities of Vpu operate via two distinct molecular mechanisms and involve two different structural domains of the Vpu protein.
Structure-function studies of iron-sulfur clusters and semiquinones in the NADH-Q oxidoreductase segment of the respiratory chain (1998)

Our recent experimental data on iron-sulfur clusters and semiquinones in the complex I segment of the respiratory chain is presented, focusing on the Paracoccus (P.) denitrificans and bovine heart studies. The iron-sulfur cluster N2 has attracted the attention of investigators in the research field of complex I, since the mid-point redox potential of this cluster is the highest among all clusters in complex I, and is pH dependent (60 mV/pH). It is known that this cluster is located either in the NQO6 (NuoB in E. coli/PSST in bovine heart nomenclature) or in the NQO9 (NuoI/TYKY) subunit in the amphipathic domain of complex I. Our preliminary data indicate that the cluster N2 is located in the NuoB rather than the long-advocated NuoI subunit, and may have a unique ligand structure. We previously reported spin-spin interactions between cluster N2 and two distinct species of semiquinone (designated SQNf and SQNs) associated with complex I. A parallel intensity change was observed between the SQNf (g = 2.00) signal and the N2 split g parallel signal, further supporting our proposed interaction between SQNf and N2 spins.
The Discovery and Development of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) for Clinical Practice (2013)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. These drugs have been intensively studied over the past decade and have proven to be a highly versatile group for the treatment of different conditions associated with postmenopausal women's health, including hormone responsive cancer and osteoporosis. Tamoxifen, a failed contraceptive is currently used to treat all stages of breast cancer, chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer and also has beneficial effects on bone mineral density and serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene, a failed breast cancer drug, is the only SERM approved internationally for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. However, although these SERMs have many benefits, they also have some potentially serious adverse effects, such as thromboembolic disorders and, in the case of tamoxifen, uterine cancer. These adverse effects represent a major concern given that long-term therapy is required to prevent osteoporosis or prevent and treat breast cancer. The search for the 'ideal' SERM, which would have estrogenic effects on bone and serum lipids, neutral effects on the uterus, and antiestrogenic effects on breast tissue, but none of the adverse effects associated with current therapies, is currently under way. Ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene and arzoxifene, which are new SERM molecules with potentially greater efficacy and potency than previous SERMs, have been investigated for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. These drugs have been shown to be comparably effective to conventional hormone replacement therapy in animal models, with potential indications for an improved safety profile. Clinical efficacy data from ongoing phase III trials are available or are awaited for each SERM so that a true understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds can be obtained. In this article, we describe the discovery and development of the group of medicines called SERMs. The newer SERMs in late development: ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene, are arzoxifene are described in detail.
Psychosocial Stress‐Induced Activation of Salivary Alpha‐Amylase: An Indicator of Sympathetic Activity? (2004)

Assessment of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity is only possible to date via measurement of catecholamines in blood plasma or via electrophysiological methods. Both ways of measurement are restricted to endocrinological or psychophysiological laboratories, as both require either immediate freezing of blood samples or complex recording devices. Efforts have therefore been undertaken to find a method comparable to salivary cortisol measurements, in which noninvasive samples can be taken at any place and stored at room temperature for sufficient time before later analysis in the laboratory. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a candidate that may prove useful in this context. We show here that sAA activity is increased by acute psychosocial stress (Trier Social Stress Test) and that increases in sAA correlate with increases in norepinephrine. We further report that sAA exhibits a stable circadian pattern that mirrors that of salivary cortisol. In conclusion, the current data show that salivary alpha-amylase may serve as an easy-to-use index for SAM activity. However, some questions remain to be answered; for example, what impact does salivary flow rate exert on stress-induced sAA activity?
Video Imaging of the Meibomian Gland (1994)

We report herein a new method for observing the structure of the meibomian glands. This type of meibography uses a one-chip infrared video camera, a hand-held transilluminating light source, and a video monitor. The infrared camera is positioned in the visual axis of the patient's eye. A T-shaped adapter is used at the tip of the transilluminator to facilitate the eversion of the lower lid while the examiner directs the light for transillumination. The lower lid is everted, exposing the meibomian glands, which are observed on the video monitor. A super VHS recorder is used to maintain a visual record of each individual. Observation of meibomian gland structure has been limited to infrared film using a specialized slit lamp and a camera.<sup>1,2</sup>This procedure not only was cost and labor intensive but time consuming as well since it took time and effort to develop the film. Video meibography overcomes