gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of porcine factor VIII:C by thrombin and factor Xa (1985)

The activation of porcine factor VIII:C by thrombin and by factor Xa was studied by a chromogenic substrate assay and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel radioelectrophoresis of 125I-labeled factor VIII:C activation products. In the chromogenic assay, the kinetics of factor VIII:C dependent activation of factor X by factor IXa in the presence of calcium and phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine vesicles were measured with N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamylglycyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide (S2222) as substrate. Substrate dependence of initial rates of the reaction at fixed factor IXa, factor VIII:C, lipid, and calcium obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At fixed factor IXa, factor X, lipid, and calcium the initial rates of the reaction varied linearly with lower factor VIII:C concentrations and plateaued at higher concentrations. The linear initial rate dependence formed the basis of a rapid, plasma-free assay of activated factor VIII:C. The activation of factor VIII:C by thrombin or factor Xa and the enzyme-independent rate of spontaneous inactivation were studied under conditions of excess enzyme. A model of the activation kinetics was developed and fit to the data by a nonlinear least-squares technique. From the model, the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of factor VIII:C activation by thrombin and factor Xa were 5.0 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. By comparison with published values of the catalytic efficiencies of several other coagulation enzymes for various substrates, both thrombin and factor Xa are efficient enzymes toward factor VIII:C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Longitudinal measurement and hierarchical classification framework for the prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Accurate prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of AD. Therefore, patients with MCI who are at high risk of fully developing AD should be identified to accurately predict AD. However, the relationship between brain images and AD is difficult to construct because of the complex characteristics of neuroimaging data. To address this problem, we present a longitudinal measurement of MCI brain images and a hierarchical classification method for AD prediction. Longitudinal images obtained from individuals with MCI were investigated to acquire important information on the longitudinal changes, which can be used to classify MCI subjects as either MCI conversion (MCIc) or MCI non-conversion (MCInc) individuals. Moreover, a hierarchical framework was introduced to the classifier to manage high feature dimensionality issues and incorporate spatial information for improving the prediction accuracy. The proposed method was evaluated using 131 patients with MCI (70 MCIc and 61 MCInc) based on MRI scans taken at different time points. Results showed that the proposed method achieved 79.4% accuracy for the classification of MCIc versus MCInc, thereby demonstrating very promising performance for AD prediction.
Capacitation of Bovine Sperm by Heparin1 (1988)

Capacitation of bovine sperm was evaluated by determining the ability of sperm to fertilize bovine oocytes in vitro and to undergo an acrosome reaction upon exposure to lysophosphatidylcholine (LC). Incubation of sperm with heparin (10 micrograms/ml) increased the percentage of oocytes fertilized, but this required exposing sperm to heparin for at least 4 h before adding them to oocytes. There was no effect on the percentage of motile or acrosome-reacted sperm after exposure of noncapacitated sperm to 100 micrograms/ml LC for 15 min. When sperm were incubated for 4 h with heparin, exposure to 100 micrograms/ml LC for 15 min had no effect on the percentage of sperm that were motile, but the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm increased from less than 10% to over 70%. The acrosome reactions (ARs) induced by LC were synchronous, reached maximal levels within 15 min, and differed (p less than 0.001) between sperm incubated under capacitating (with heparin) and noncapacitating conditions (without heparin). The time course required for heparin to capacitate sperm as judged by in vitro fertilization and to render sperm sensitive to LC induction of the AR were found to be similar. The percentage of ARs induced by LC and percentage of oocytes fertilized by sperm were found to be heparin-dose-dependent, with the maximum responses occurring at 5-10 micrograms/ml heparin. The correlation between the mean fertilization and LC-induced AR percentages was 0.997 (p less than 0.01). These studies demonstrate capacitation of bovine sperm by heparin requires at least a 4-h exposure of sperm to heparin and suggest that plasma membrane changes prior to an AR can be detected by exposure of bovine sperm to LC.
Toward an adaptive command line interface (1997)

This paper explores different mechanisms for predicting the next command to be used for the UNIX command-line shell. We have collected command histories from 77 people, and have calculated the predictive accuracy for each of five methods over this dataset. The algorithm with the best performance has an average online predictive accuracy of up to 45%.
Disc1 is mutated in the 129S6/SvEv strain and modulates working memory in mice (2006)

Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia (DISC1) is a leading candidate schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Here, we describe a deletion variant in mDisc1 specific to the 129S6/SvEv strain that introduces a termination codon at exon 7, abolishes production of the full-length protein, and impairs working memory performance when transferred to the C57BL/6J genetic background. Our findings provide insights into how DISC1 variation contributes to schizophrenia susceptibility in humans and the behavioral divergence between 129S6/SvEv and C57BL/6J mouse strains and have implications for modeling psychiatric diseases in mice.
The M, E, and N Structural Proteins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Are Required for Efficient Assembly, Trafficking, and Release of Virus-Like Particles (2008)

The production of virus-like particles (VLPs) constitutes a relevant and safe model to study molecular determinants of virion egress. The minimal requirement for the assembly of VLPs for the coronavirus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (SARS-CoV) is still controversial. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV VLP formation depends on either M and E proteins or M and N proteins. Here we show that both E and N proteins must be coexpressed with M protein for the efficient production and release of VLPs by transfected Vero E6 cells. This suggests that the mechanism of SARS-CoV assembly differs from that of other studied coronaviruses, which only require M and E proteins for VLP formation. When coexpressed, the native envelope trimeric S glycoprotein is incorporated onto VLPs. Interestingly, when a fluorescent protein tag is added to the C-terminal end of N or S protein, but not M protein, the chimeric viral proteins can be assembled within VLPs and allow visualization of VLP production and trafficking in living cells by state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Fluorescent VLPs will be used further to investigate the role of cellular machineries during SARS-CoV egress.
Virtual backbone routing structures in wireless ad-hoc networks (2010)

\n\t\t\t\t\tIn this paper we studied several virtual routing structures (ring, ring-tree, cord, and mesh) which are scalable, independent on addresses, based on local information and partial global information for routing packets. These virtual routing structures are built on the top of the backbone nodes which are selected by considering power, connections, and immobility metrics.Our experimental results on the ns2 simulator and both TelosBand MicaZ sensor nodes tested platform prove that the virtual backbone structures are superior to the existing routing schemes and the different virtual structures fit in with the different physical scenarios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
The extent of heterocellular communication mediated by gap junctions is predictive of bystander tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. (1995)

Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) viral-directed enzyme prodrug gene therapy causes potent, tumor-selective cytotoxicity in animal models in which HSV-tk gene transduction is limited to a minority of tumor cells. The passage of toxic molecules from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells during GCV therapy is one mechanism that may account for this "bystander" cytotoxicity. To investigate whether gap junction-mediated intercellular coupling could mediate this bystander effect, we used a flow cytometry assay to quantitate the extent of heterocellular coupling between HSV-tk+ murine fibroblasts and both rodent and human tumor cell lines. Bystander tumor cytotoxicity during GCV treatment in a coculture assay was highly correlated (P < 0.001) with the extent of gap junction-mediated coupling. These findings show that gap junction-mediated intercellular coupling contributes to the in vitro bystander effect during HSV-tk/GCV therapy and that retroviral transduction of tumor cells is not required for bystander cytotoxicity.
Ion‐concentration dependence of the reversal potential and the single channel conductance of ion channels at the frog neuromuscular junction. (1979)

1. The acetylcholine-sensitive ionic channels at the neuromuscular junction were studied in voltage-clamped single muscle fibres from a monolayer preparation of the cutaneous pectoris muscle from Rana pipiens. The experimental observations were of three types: (a) reversal potential as a function of external Na and Ca concentrations, (b) the single channel conductance (gamma) from noise analysis as a function of these same concentrations, and (c) gamma as a function of membrane potential. 2. The reversal potential in normal Na Ringer was -3.8 +/- 0.5 mV (+/- S.E. of mean, n = 22) and decreased approximately linearly as the logarithm of the outside Na activity as this activity decreased to 10% of normal. 3. The single channel conductance in normal Na Ringer was 27.5 +/- 0.7 pS (n = 28) and reached a limiting value close to 10 pS as Na was replaced with sucrose. 4. Increasing [Ca]o from 2 to 10 mM made the reversal potential more positive and decreased the single channel conductance. Mg caused similar effects. 5. Various theories that have been used to describe the mechanism of ion permeation through e.p.c. channels were tested. Constant field theory (eqns. (3), (4) and (5)), a modified Takeuchi approach (eqn. (6)), and a single barrier theory (eqns. (8), (9) and (10)) could not account for all of the experimental observations. 6. In particular, constant field theory, with no surface charge density, could account for the following: (a) the reversal potential measurements for solutions containing 2 mM-Ca (with PK/PNa = 1.2 and PCa/PNa = 1.02), (b) the single channel conductance values for solutions containing 2 mM-Ca and Na concentrations down to 20% of normal, (c) that gamma has little voltage dependence. 7. However, constant field theory, with no assumed surface charge density, could not account for the following: (a) the reversal potential observed for Ringer containing 80 mM-Ca, (b) the gamma values observed for very low Na concentrations, (c) the observation that increasing Ca from 2 to 10 mM in a solution containing 75% normal Na results in a decrease in gamma. 8. From the failure of the Takeuchi approach (eqn. (6)), it is argued that ion interactions must occur at e.p.c. channels because ion flux independence is the only asumption in the derivation of eqn. (6) without experimental verification. 9. The ion interactions at e.p.c. channels probably include both surface charge effects and competition for a binding site.
USE OF COLLOIDAL OATMEAL INSIDE RUBBER GLOVES (1955)

Many persons with hand eczema are uncomfortable while wearing rubber gloves even though they wear cotton gloves next to the skin. The accumulated sweat and the moist cloth appear to be the main causes of irritation. Colloidal oatmeal has a soothing effect upon the skin, 1 and patients were instructed to dust oatmeal powder on their hands before putting on the gloves. Nine housewives who could not tolerate rubber and cotton gloves were made comfortable by the addition of the oatmeal powder. The hand eczema improved more rapidly after the addition of oatmeal powder to the previous therapy. Certain persons (jewelers, dentists, etc.) cannot wear two pairs of gloves, since they must retain the feeling and dexterity in the fingertips. Four such persons tried a variety of powders inside rubber gloves and found that colloidal oatmeal powder made them most comfortable. SUMMARY A coating of colloidal
Site-Specific Mutagenesis of the Human Interleukin-2 Gene: Structure-Function Analysis of the Cysteine Residues (1984)

The gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been cloned from human spleen cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the Jurkat cell line. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene revealed that the encoded IL-2 protein has three cysteines located at amino acid residues 58, 105, and 125 of the mature protein. Site-specific mutagenesis procedures were used to modify the IL-2 gene by changing each of the cysteine codons individually to serine codons. Substitution of serine for cysteine residues at either position 58 or 105 of the IL-2 protein substantially reduced biological activity, indicating that the cysteines at these positions are necessary for maintenance of the biologically active conformation and may therefore be linked by a disulfide bridge. The modified IL-2 protein containing a substitution at position 125 retained full biological activity, suggesting that the cysteine at this position is not involved in a disulfide bond and that a free sulfhydryl group at that position is not necessary for receptor binding.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ta(Al)N(C) Thin Films Using Trimethylaluminum as a Reducing Agent (2001)

Ta(Al)N(C) thin films were deposited by the atomic layer deposition technique using or and as precursors and as an additional reducing agent. For comparison TaN thin films were deposited also from and with and without Zn. The films were analyzed by means of the time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and standard four-point probe method. The deposition temperature was varied between 250 and 400°C. The films contained aluminum, carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine impurities. The chlorine content decreased drastically as the deposition temperature was increased. The film deposited at 400°C contained less than 4 atom % chlorine and also had the lowest resistivity, 1300 μΩ cm. The barrier properties of the Cu/Ta(Al)N(C)/Si structure were studied by using sheet resistance and X-ray diffraction measurements. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Altered Expression of the D1.1 Ganglioside in the Cerebellum of the Weaver Mouse (1988)

Expression of the D1.1 ganglioside was studied immunohistochemically in developing cerebella from normal and weaver mutant mice. In the normal cerebellum at postnatal day 7 (P7), D1.1 expression was restricted to the external granule-cell layer (EGL). At later ages, D1.1 disappeared as the developing granule neurons ceased mitosis and began migrating toward the internal granule-cell layer. In the weaver cerebellum, D1.1 was expressed in the EGL in apparently normal fashion at P7, but failed to disappear at later ages. As late as P35, D1.1 immunoreactivity was observed throughout the weaver cerebellar cortex. The relative amounts of D1.1 ganglioside in weaver and normal cerebella were compared by thin layer chromatography of total gangliosides, followed by overlay of the chromatogram with anti-D1.1 and 125I-labelled second antibody. Autoradiograms showed that at P12 and P35 the weaver tissue contains six- to tenfold more D1.1 than normal tissue. These findings suggest that one result of the weaver mutation is prolonged expression of D1.1. We speculate that the D1.1 ganglioside might be involved in adhesive interactions that regulate the timing of granule-cell migration from the EGL. The prolonged expression of D1.1 could be responsible, in part, for the failure of granule-cell migration in the weaver cerebellum.
Real-time automatic 3D scene generation from natural language voice and text descriptions (2006)

Automatic scene generation using voice and text offers a unique multimedia approach to classic storytelling and human computer interaction with 3D graphics. In this paper, we present a newly developed system that generates 3D scenes from voice and text natural language input. Our system is intended to benefit non-graphics domain users and applications by providing advanced scene production through an automatic system. Scene descriptions are constructed in real-time using a method for depicting spatial relationships between and among different objects. Only the polygon representations of the objects are required for object placement. In addition, our system is robust. The system supports different quality polygon models such as those widely available on the Internet.
Methylation-associated silencing of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 gene suggest a suppressor role in kidney, brain, and other human cancers. (1999)

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) antagonizes matrix metalloproteinase activity and can suppress tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Loss of TIMP-3 has been related to the acquisition of tumorigenesis. Herein, we show that TIMP-3 is silenced in association with aberrant promoter-region methylation in cell lines derived from human cancers. TIMP-3 expression was restored after 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine-mediated demethylation of the TIMP-3 proximal promoter region. Genomic bisulfite sequencing revealed that TIMP-3 silencing was related to the overall density of methylation and that discrete regions within the TIMP-3 CpG island may be important for the silencing of this gene. Aberrant methylation of TIMP-3 occurred in primary cancers of the kidney, brain, colon, breast, and lung, but not in any of 41 normal tissue samples. The most frequent TIMP-3 methylation was found in renal cancers, which originate in the tissue that normally expresses the highest TIMP-3 levels. This methylation correlated with a lack of detectable TIMP-3 protein in these tumors. Together, these data show that methylation-associated inactivation of TIMP-3 is frequent in many human tumors.
Association of the Agrobacterium T-DNA–protein complex with plant nucleosomes (2008)

Agrobacterium represents the only natural example of transkingdom transfer of genetic information, from bacteria to plants. Before the bacterial transferred DNA (T-DNA) can integrate into the plant genome, it should be targeted to and bind the host chromatin. However, the T-DNA association with the host chromatin has not been demonstrated. Here, we study T-DNA binding to plant nucleosomes in vitro and show that it is mediated by bacterial and host proteins associated with the T-DNA. The main factor that determines nucleosomal binding of the T-DNA is the cellular VirE2-interacting protein 1 (VIP1), which functions as a molecular link between the T-DNA-associated bacterial virulence protein VirE2 and core histones. The presence of both VIP1 and VirE2 is required for association of the T-DNA with mononucleosomes in which the DNA molecule exists as a tripartite complex DNA-VirE2-VIP1. Furthermore, this nucleosome-associated ternary complex can bind another bacterial virulence factor, VirF, which is an F-box protein known to target both VirE2 and VIP1 for proteasomal degradation and uncoat the T-DNA.
Climatic and anthropic influence on size and fluctuating asymmetry of Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a semideciduous seasonal forest reserve (2009)

We examined the influence of climate and man on size and fluctuating asymmetry in two species of Euglossine bees collected from a semideciduous forest reserve. Sixty males of each species were collected; four measurements were made of their wings to obtain a multivariable size index and a fluctuating asymmetry index. No significant differences in the size of Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier were found between the areas and seasons. Larger males of Euglossa pleosticta Dressler were collected during the hot and wet season; however, male size did not vary with location. Higher rainfall and a consequent increase in food availability could have influenced the increase in size of E. pleosticta. Bees collected during the hot and wet season at the forest border were more asymmetric than bees collected during the cold and dry season; the latter were found inside the forest. This indicates that climate and anthropic interferences influence the stability of development of E. pleosticta. Consequently, this species could be used as a bioindicator of stress. Apparently, E. nigrita is more resistant to environmental interference.
An anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody inhibits the development of experimental skin tumors. (2003)

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was originally considered to have activity against malignant disease. However, recent studies suggest TNF-alpha may also act as an endogenous tumor promoter. In the present work, mice deficient in TNF-alpha either genetically (TNF-alpha(-/-)) or after blockade with a neutralizing antibody (cV1q) were used to investigate the role of TNF-alpha in skin tumor development. Papillomas were induced in wild-type (wt) mice after treatment of skin with the initiating agent 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 15 weeks. TNF-alpha(-/-) mice were resistant to papilloma development when compared with wt mice on C57Bl/6J, 129/SvEv, and BALB/c genetic backgrounds. Primary murine keratinocytes (newborn keratinocytes) and skin homogenates were used to characterize TPA-stimulated TNF-alpha expression. TPA induced TNF-alpha protein in newborn keratinocytes in vitro and epidermis in vivo. Neutralization of TNF-alpha protein with cV1q in vivo for 0-15 weeks of promotion significantly decreased skin tumor development after 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/TPA treatment. cV1q treatment during the early stages of tumor promotion (0-6 weeks) was equally effective. These data suggest that early induction of TNF-alpha is critical for skin tumor promotion. cV1q also reduced TPA-stimulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, proteins that are differentially regulated in wt and TNF-alpha(-/-) epidermis. Treatment of the 410.4 transplantable breast carcinoma with cV1q reduced tumor growth in vivo, illustrating that inhibition of tumor growth through neutralization of TNF-alpha is not limited to skin carcinogenesis. These results provide further evidence for procancer actions of TNF-alpha and give some rationale for use of TNF-alpha antagonists in cancer prevention and treatment.
Fibromyalgia, depression, and alcoholism: a family history study. (1996)

Our data suggest that the tendency toward DEP in patients with FM may be a manifestation of a familial depressive spectrum disorder (alcoholism and/or depression in the family members), not simply a "reactive" depression secondary to the pain and other symptoms.
The OSPF Opaque LSA Option (1998)

This memo defines enhancements to the OSPF protocol to support a new class of link-state advertisements (LSA) called Opaque LSAs. Opaque LSAs provide a generalized mechanism to allow for the future extensibility of OSPF. Opaque LSAs consist of a standard LSA header followed by application-specific information. The information field
Effects of cold atmospheric plasmas on adenoviruses in solution (2012)

Summary form only given. In the past few years cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have proven their bactericidal, fungicidal and also sporicidal properties. One further challenge is the inactivation of viruses.