gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upper airway pressure-flow relationships in obstructive sleep apnea (1988)

We examined the pressure-flow relationships in patients with obstructive sleep apnea utilizing the concepts of a Starling resistor. In six patients with obstructive sleep apnea, we applied incremental levels of positive pressure through a nasal mask during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. A positive critical opening pressure (Pcrit) of 3.3 +/- 3.3 (SD) cmH2O was demonstrated. As nasal pressure was raised above Pcrit, inspiratory airflow increased in proportion to the level of positive pressure applied until apneas were abolished (P less than 0.01). However, at pressures greater than Pcrit, esophageal pressures either did not correlate or correlated inversely with inspiratory airflow provided that esophageal pressure was less than Pcrit. When pressure was applied to a full face mask, inspiratory airflow did not occur and Pcrit could not be obtained at pressures well above Pcrit demonstrated with the nasal mask. These results are consistent with the view that the upper airway functions as a Starling resistor with a collapsible segment in the oropharynx. These findings offer a unifying construct for the association of sleep apnea, periodic hypopnea, and snoring.
Long Cable Applications From a Medium-Voltage Drives Perspective (2015)

Many installations in the petrochemical industry routinely require medium-voltage adjustable speed drives (MV ASDs) with long output cables, particularly for offshore applications and land-based well applications. This paper describes the effects of using MV ASDs with long cables. It examines the major issue known as the “standing wave effect,” which may be more prominent at certain cable lengths, as well as the design solutions to ensure proper drive and motor functionality and performance. Examples of this unique phenomenon and the effectiveness of different mitigation measures are presented using simulations and actual data. Simulations are also used to provide a comparison of operating waveforms with two- and multilevel converters. This paper recommends considerations for the installation and/or design of the MV ASD that can be implemented to avoid problems.
The ATCUN Domain as a Probe of Intermolecular Interactions:  Application to Calmodulin−Peptide Complexes (2002)

The utility of a three-residue Cu2+ binding motif (ATCUN domain) for studying intermolecular interactions is demonstrated. By comparing a set of 1H-15N correlation spectra recorded on complexes of calmodulin (CaM) and peptides with the ATCUN tag in the presence and absence of Cu2+ the two possible canonical binding orientations of the peptide can be rapidly distinguished. The methodology is confirmed with studies of complexes of CaM and peptides from myosin light chain kinase and CaM kinase kinase, for which high-resolution structures are available, and then applied to a complex with CaM kinase I for which structural data has not been obtained. The orientation of the CaM kinase I and myosin light chain kinase peptides are shown to be identical. In the case of a complex of CaM with a peptide for which structural information is not available, the present methodology, in combination with 1H-15N residual dipolar couplings measured on CaM, and the database of existing CaM-peptide structures, allows a homology model to be built rapidly and with confidence.
Blue Photoluminescence from Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide (2009)

Blue photoluminescene (PL) from chemically derived graphene oxide has been observed. The PL is attributed to radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs in isolated “molecular” sp2 domains, which are present within the carbon–oxygen sp3 matrix in chemically derived graphene oxide. The PL intensity is correlated to the evolution of sp2 domains during reduction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Attitude Control on the Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed-2 (2012)

The Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed-2 (PSSCT-2) was a 5” x 5” x 10”, 3.7-kg mass nanosatellite ejected from the Space Shuttle Atlantis during the final STS-135 mission on July 20, 2011. PSSCT-2 had a three-axis attitude control system to enable firing of solid rockets for orbit raising, pointing of solar cells normal to the sun for on-orbit performance monitoring, and pointing of a GPS antenna in the anti-flight direction for radio-occultation measurements. Attitude determination and control hardware developed by the authors for this mission included two sun sensors, an Earth nadir sensor suite, three magnetic torque coils, and three magnetically-shielded miniature reaction wheels. We performed on-orbit magnetic detumbling, nadir-pointing, sun-pointing, flight/anti flight pointing, and crude antenna pointing towards our ground station to support various experiments over the 4 and 1/2-month orbital lifetime. This work discusses the overall mission, attitude sensors, reaction wheel design and testing, magnetic torque coils, attitude control loops, overall performance of our three-axis attitude control system, and some of the lessons learned.
Principles of salt formation (2014)

It has been evaluated that approximately 50% of all drug molecules marketed as medicinal products are administered in a form of salts as they offer many benefits for the pharmaceutical drugs. Salt formation is a relatively simple and powerful pre-formation technique that can result in significant improvement of drug’s physicochemical properties. Following the formation of candidate salt forms, the optimal form is chosen for further development. Salt selection is a rational and step-wise process, in which salts are analysed with regard to particular properties and the most suitable forms are examined further to ensure an optimal choice. Although the effects of salt formation may be highly beneficial to the drug’s performance, there are a number of properties that may deteriorate as a result of the drug being formulated as a salt.
Visibility enhancement for silicon debug (2006)

Several emerging Design-for-Debug (DFD) methodologies are addressing silicon debug by making internal signal values and other data observable. Most of these methodologies require the instrumentation of on-chip logic for extracting the internal register data from in situ silicon. Unfortunately, lack of visibility of the combinational network values impedes the ability to functionally debug the silicon part. Visibility enhancement techniques enable the virtual observation of combinational nodes with minimal computational overhead. These techniques also cover the register selection analysis for DFD and multi-level design abstraction correlation for viewing values at the register transfer level (RTL). Experimental results show that visibility enhancement techniques can leverage a small amount of extracted data to provide a high amount of computed combinational signal data. Visibility enhancement provides the needed connection between data obtained from the DFD logic and HDL simulation-related debug systems.
Synthesis of 2-oxygenated glycyrrhetic acid derivatives (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-oxygenated glycyrrhetic acid derivativesBarnett S. PitzeleCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 2, 191–194Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00248a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00248a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tailoring Piezoresistive Sensitivity of Multilayer Carbon Nanotube Composite Strain Sensors (2007)

In recent years, carbon nanotubes have been utilized for a variety of applications, including nanoelectronics and various types of sensors. In particular, researchers have sought to take advantage of the superior electrical properties of carbon nanotubes for fabricating novel strain sensors. This article presents a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polyelectrolyte (PE) composite thin film strain sensor fabricated with a layer-by-layer (LbL) process. Optimization of bulk SWNT-PE strain sensor properties is achieved by varying various LbL fabrication parameters, followed by characterization of strain-sensing electromechanical responses. A resistor and capacitor (RC)-circuit model is proposed and validated with electrical impedance spectroscopy to fit experimental results and to identify equivalent circuit element parameters sensitive to strain. Experimental results suggest consistent trends between SWNT and PE concentrations to strain sensor sensitivities. Simply by adjusting the weight fraction of SWNT solutions and film thickness, strain sensitivities between 0.1 and 1.8 have been achieved. While SWNT-PE strain sensitivity is lower than some metal-foil strain gauges ($2), the LbL method allows for precise tailoring of the properties (i.e., strain sensitivity, resistivity, among others) of a high-capacity (±10,000 μm m -1 ) homogeneous multilayer strain sensor.
Occurrence, Transfer and Mobilization in Epilithic Strains of Acinetobacter of Mercury-resistance Plasmids Capable of Transformation (1988)

A 7.8 kb plasmid (pQM17) encoding mercury resistance was isolated from two epilithic strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The plasmid had a broad host range when mobilized by RP1, transferring into Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Chromobacterium sp. with frequencies ranging from 5.3 x 10(-9) to 4.6 x 10(-4) per recipient. The plasmid could be transferred into A. calcoaceticus BD413 using intact cells of donor and recipient bacteria (i.e. natural transformation) and there was a broad temperature optimum (14-37 degrees C) for transformation. Transformation was as efficient in liquid matings as on plates but there was no effect of pH in the range 5.6-7.9. Maximum transformation frequencies were obtained after 24 h on agar plates containing 3.5-10 g C 1-1 with donor to recipient ratios ranging from 6 to 415.
Interaction of a Stream of Dielectric Spheres in an Electric Field in a High Vacuum (1985)

The interaction of a stream of dielectric spheres in an electric field in a high vacuum is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. This investigation is motivated by an attempt to detect fractional electric charges which might exist in matter, namely, a search for isolated quarks in matter. The theoretical analysis is intended to pinpoint the basic interaction mechanism by which a stream of dielectric spheres becomes destabilized in an electric field. One important result of this analysis is a suggested method by which the destabilizing forces can be eliminated. The experiments performed are intended to study the behavior of a stream of uniform liquid drops in an electric field in a high vacuum. It is seen from these experiments that the deflections of any two drops in the stream with charges differing by one electronic charge is the same except for the effects of some destabilizing forces.
Expression of a rat neurotensin receptor in Escherichia coli (1993)

With the goal of obtaining sufficient quantities of seven-helix G-protein-coupled receptors for structural analysis, we have studied the functional expression of a rat neurotensin receptor cDNA in Escherichia coli with and without a signal sequence and as a fusion with the gene coding for maltose-binding protein. The addition of an N-terminal signal peptide resulted in increased expression levels. In vitro translation at a high level revealed that the codon usage of the rat neurotensin receptor cDNA was not critical for overproduction. Expression of neurotensin receptor cDNA fused to the 3' end of the gene encoding maltose-binding protein resulted in a 40-fold increase in neurotensin-binding sites. Binding of [3H]neurotensin to intact bacteria or E. coli membranes was saturable, with a dissociation constant, KD, of 0.23 nM (Bmax. = 450 sites/bacterium or 15 pmol/mg of crude membrane protein). The binding properties of all recombinant receptors presented in this study were similar and corresponded to those of the high-affinity binding sites in rat brain. For immunological detection and future purification of neurotensin receptor, a C-terminal pentahistidine/c-myc tail was introduced. Western-blot analysis revealed the association of neurotensin receptor with E. coli membranes.
Weighting hyperspectral image data for improved multivariate curve resolution results (2008)

Abstract The combination of hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) provides an ideal system for improved quantitative imaging when multiple fluorophores are present. However, the presence of multiple noise sources limits the ability of MCR to accurately extract pure‐component spectra when there is high spectral and/or spatial overlap between multiple fluorophores. Previously, MCR results were improved by weighting the spectral images for Poisson‐distributed noise, but additional noise sources are often present. We have identified and quantified all the major noise sources in hyperspectral fluorescence images. Two primary noise sources were found: Poisson‐distributed noise and detector‐read noise. We present methods to quantify detector‐read noise variance and to empirically determine the electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) gain factor required to compute the Poisson noise variance. We have found that properly weighting spectral image data to account for both noise sources improved MCR accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate three weighting schemes applied to a real hyperspectral corn leaf image and to simulated data based upon this same image. MCR applied to both real and simulated hyperspectral images weighted to compensate for the two major noise sources greatly improved the extracted pure emission spectra and their concentrations relative to MCR with either unweighted or Poisson‐only weighted data. Thus, properly identifying and accounting for the major noise sources in hyperspectral images can serve to improve the MCR results. These methods are very general and can be applied to the multivariate analysis of spectral images whenever CCD or EMCCD detectors are used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of oxidative stress in temporomandibular disorders: a pilot study (2011)

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many conditions and is caused by free radicals in concentrations that overwhelm the natural scavenging mechanisms and cause pain and inflammation. This investigation sought to determine whether pain from temporomandibular disorders was associated with increased oxidative stress as measured by biomarkers in saliva and serum. Both salivary and serum levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status were compared in patients with mild and severe TMJD pain and with healthy controls. These biomarkers were determined spectrophotometrically in saliva and serum from 10 high TMJD pain patients, 10 low TMJD pain patients, and 10 healthy control subjects from National Institute of Dental Research's TMJ Implant Registry and Repository. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between each biomarker and TMJD pain. The mean levels of log 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (saliva P < 0·0001, serum P = 0·0008), malondialdehyde (saliva P = 0·002, serum P = 0·004) and total antioxidant status (saliva P = 0·005; serum P = 0·001) achieved statistically significant differences between groups. In linear regression analysis, both salivary and serum levels of each biomarker were associated with TMJD pain. In a multivariable analysis, again, both salivary levels and serum levels were also different between groups. Salivary levels of oxidative stress ratios of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status were significantly different between patients with TMJD pain and controls and was comparable to that in serum. These biomarkers hold promise as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.
The Merck veterinary manual (2005)

*Foreword v*Guide for Readers vii*Abbreviations and Symbols xi*Contributors xv*CIR Circulatory System 1*DIG Digestive System 115*EE Eye and Ear 393*END Endocrine System 429*GEN Generalized Conditions 471*IMM Immune System 645*ITG Integumentary System 665*MET Metabolic Disorders 801*MUS Musculoskeletal System 837*NER Nervous System 977*REP Reproductive System 1083*RES Respiratory System 1167*URN Urinary System 1249*BEH Behavior 1289*CPP Clinical Pathology and Procedures 1333*EMG Emergency Medicine and Critical Care 1391*EXL Exotic and Laboratory Animals 1443*MGN Management and Nutrition 1671*PHM Pharmacology 1935*POU Poultry 2185*TOX Toxicology 2337*ZNS Zoonoses 2545*REF Reference Guides 2581*IND Index 2593
Development of myelofibrosis in mice genetically impaired for GATA-1 expression (GATA-1low mice) (2002)

The phenotype induced by the GATA-1(low) (neodeltaHS) mutation is here further characterized by analyzing the hemopoietic system during the aging (up to 20 months) of a GATA-1(low) colony (135 mutants and 40 normal littermates). Mutants expressed normal hematocrit values (Hct = 45.9 +/- 4.0) until 12 months but became anemic from 15 months on (Hct = 30.9 +/- 3.9; P <.05). Anemia was associated with several markers of myelofibrosis such as the presence of tear-drop poikilocytes and progenitor cells in the blood, collagen fibers in the marrow and in the spleen, and hemopoietic foci in the liver. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that growth factor genes implicated in the development of myelofibrosis (such as osteocalcin, transforming growth factor-beta1, platelet-derived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) were all expressed in the marrow from the mutants at higher levels than in corresponding normal tissues. The GATA-1(low) mutants experienced a slow progression of the disease because the final exitus was not observed until at least 15 months with a probability of survival more favorable than that of W/Wv mice concurrently kept in the animal facility (P <.001, by Kaplan-Meier analysis). In conclusion, impaired GATA-1 expression may contribute to the development of myelofibrosis, and the GATA-1(low) mutants may represent a suitable animal model for the human disease that may shed light on its pathogenesis.
Structural Basis of Calcification Inhibition by α2-HS Glycoprotein/Fetuin-A (2003)

Genetic evidence from mutant mice suggests that alpha(2)-HS glycoprotein/fetuin-A (Ahsg) is a systemic inhibitor of precipitation of basic calcium phosphate preventing unwanted calcification. Using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, we demonstrate that precipitation inhibition by Ahsg is caused by the transient formation of soluble, colloidal spheres, containing Ahsg, calcium, and phosphate. These "calciprotein particles" of 30-150 nm in diameter are initially amorphous and soluble but turn progressively more crystalline and insoluble in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. Solubilization in Ahsg-containing calciprotein particles provides a novel conceptual framework to explain how insoluble calcium precipitates may be transported and removed in the bodies of mammals. Mutational analysis showed that the basic calcium phosphate precipitation inhibition activity resides in the amino-terminal cystatin-like domain D1 of Ahsg. A structure-function analysis of wild type and mutant forms of cystatin-like domains from Ahsg, full-length fetuin-B, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and kininogen demonstrated that Ahsg domain D1 is most efficient in inhibiting basic calcium phosphate precipitation. The computer-modeled domain structures suggest that a dense array of acidic residues on an extended beta-sheet of the cystatin-like domain Ahsg-D1 mediates efficient inhibition.
Scanning 3D Full Human Bodies Using Kinects (2012)

Depth camera such as Microsoft Kinect, is much cheaper than conventional 3D scanning devices, and thus it can be acquired for everyday users easily. However, the depth data captured by Kinect over a certain distance is of extreme low quality. In this paper, we present a novel scanning system for capturing 3D full human body models by using multiple Kinects. To avoid the interference phenomena, we use two Kinects to capture the upper part and lower part of a human body respectively without overlapping region. A third Kinect is used to capture the middle part of the human body from the opposite direction. We propose a practical approach for registering the various body parts of different views under non-rigid deformation. First, a rough mesh template is constructed and used to deform successive frames pairwisely. Second, global alignment is performed to distribute errors in the deformation space, which can solve the loop closure problem efficiently. Misalignment caused by complex occlusion can also be handled reasonably by our global alignment algorithm. The experimental results have shown the efficiency and applicability of our system. Our system obtains impressive results in a few minutes with low price devices, thus is practically useful for generating personalized avatars for everyday users. Our system has been used for 3D human animation and virtual try on, and can further facilitate a range of home&#8211;oriented virtual reality (VR) applications.
Multifractal Dimensions and Their Fluctuations in Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (1997)

We use a recently developed a priori theory of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) to compute multifractal dimensions and their fluctuations, using methods analogous to field theoretical resummations. There are two regimes, depending upon $n$, the number of particles in the DLA cluster, as well as on the multifractal moment $q$. In the strongly fluctuating regime quenched and annealed dimensions differ, while in the weakly fluctuating one they are identical. Our values for multifractal dimensions are in good agreement with numerical results.