gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct identification of an endogenous peptide recognized by multiple HLA-A2.1-specific cytotoxic T cells. (1993)

An endogenous peptide recognized by a murine T-cell clone specific for the human class I major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecule HLA-A2.1 was identified through the use of microcapillary high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The peptide was associated with HLA-A2.1 on both normal cells and the antigen-processing-mutant cell line T2. This observation demonstrates that a processing mechanism other than that involving the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) proteins 1 and 2 can produce peptides that can be recognized by T cells. The peptide was also recognized by four other independently derived murine HLA-A2.1-specific murine T-cell clones. This suggests that xenogeneic responses are directed at a restricted subset of major histocompatibility complex product-associated peptides. Finally, quantitation of this peptide in cell extracts using mass spectrometry showed it to be among the most dominant HLA-A2.1 associated species on human lymphoid cells. The potential relevance of this observation to models of alloreactivity will be discussed. The methodology described should be generally useful for the identification of peptide epitopes recognized by alloreactive, tumor-specific, and autoimmune T cells.
Systemic treatment of severe psoriasis (1997)

Severe psoriasis presents a difficult therapeutic challenge. Some modalities such as synthetic retinoids, phototherapy and methotrexate have been available for many years and need reappraisal, cyclosporin has only recently become available and requires careful administration. In this article we focus on the therapeutic modalities available to the dermatologist in Australia.
Piezoelectric polymer multilayer on flexible substrate for energy harvesting (2013)

A piezoelectric polymer multilayer structure formed on a flexible substrate is investigated for mechanical energy harvesting under bending mode. Analytical and numerical models are developed to clarify the effect of material parameters critical to the energy harvesting performance of the bending multilayer structure. It is shown that the maximum power is proportional to the square of the piezoelectric stress coefficient and the inverse of dielectric permittivity of the piezoelectric polymer. It is further found that a piezoelectric multilayer with thinner electrodes can generate more electric energy in bending mode. The effect of improved impedance matching in the multilayer polymer on energy output is remarkable. Comparisons between piezoelectric ceramic multilayers and polymer multilayers on flexible substrate are discussed. The fabrication of a P(VDF-TrFE) multilayer structure with a thin Al electrode layer is experimentally demonstrated by a scalable dip-coating process on a flexible aluminum substrate. The results indicate that it is feasible to produce a piezoelectric polymer multilayer structure on flexible substrate for harvesting mechanical energy applicable for many low-power electronics.
Arterial Inflammation in Mice Lacking the Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Gene (2000)

Branch points and flexures in the high pressure arterial system have long been recognized as sites of unusually high turbulence and consequent stress in humans are foci for atherosclerotic lesions. We show that mice that are homozygous for a null mutation in the gene encoding an endogenous antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), develop lethal arterial inflammation involving branch points and flexures of the aorta and its primary and secondary branches. We observe massive transmural infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4(+) T cells. Animals appear to die from vessel wall collapse, stenosis, and organ infarction or from hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysms. Heterozygotes do not die from arteritis within a year of birth but do develop small lesions, which suggests that a reduced level of IL-1ra is insufficient to fully control inflammation in arteries. Our results demonstrate a surprisingly specific role for IL-1ra in the control of spontaneous inflammation in constitutively stressed artery walls, suggesting that expression of IL-1 is likely to have a significant role in signaling artery wall damage.
Asymmetric catalytic synthesis of .beta.-branched amino acids via highly enantioselective hydrogenation of .alpha.-enamides. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric catalytic synthesis of .beta.-branched amino acids via highly enantioselective hydrogenation of .alpha.-enamides.Mark J. Burk, Michael F. Gross, and Jose P. MartinezCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 36, 9375–9376Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00141a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1959Altmetric-Citations202LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Resistance to cerebral malaria in tumor necrosis factor-alpha/beta-deficient mice is associated with a reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation and T helper type 1 response. (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection was suggested to play an important role in the development of cerebral malaria (CM). We asked whether TNF-alpha/beta double-deficient mice, which have a complete disruption of the TNF-signaling pathways, are protected from CM and what might be the possible mechanisms of protection. PbA infection induces fatal CM in wild-type mice, which die within 5 to 8 days with severe neurological signs. In contrast, TNF-alpha/beta-deficient mice are completely resistant to PbA-induced CM. As PbA-induced up-regulation of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression as well as the systemic release of nitric oxide is found only in wild-type mice, TNF is apparently central for the recruitment of mononuclear cells and microvascular damage. Mononuclear cell adhesion to the endothelium, vascular leak and, perivascular hemorrhage are found only in the brain of wild-type mice. By contrast, the development of parasitemia and anemia is independent of TNF. Resistance to CM in TNF-alpha/beta-deficient mice is associated with reduced interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 expression in the brain, in the absence of increased T helper type 2 cytokines. In conclusion, TNF apparently is required for PbA-induced endothelial ICAM-1 up-regulation and subsequent microvascular pathology resulting in fatal CM. In the absence of TNF, ICAM-1 and nitric oxide up-regulation are reduced, and PbA infection fails to cause fatal CM.
Continuous terlipressin versus vasopressin infusion in septic shock (TERLIVAP): a randomized, controlled pilot study (2009)

The present study provides evidence that continuous infusion of low-dose terlipressin--when given as first-line vasopressor agent in septic shock--is effective in reversing sepsis-induced arterial hypotension and in reducing norepinephrine requirements.
Structure of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: model for room temperature molten salts (1994)

The crystal structure of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+) hexafluorophosphate consists of interionic interactions dominated by cation–anion coulombic forces with minimal hydrogen bonding and serves as a model for EMI+ room temperature molten salts containing weakly complexing anions.
The EGF receptor family--multiple roles in proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia with an emphasis on HER4. (2003)

The EGF Receptor (EGFR), the first transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase cloned and sequenced, and its closely related family members HER2, HER3, and HER4, play myriad roles in mammalian growth and development. Receptor activation involves ligand binding to separate receptors followed by formation of active dimers. These receptors can signal as homodimers or they can subtly alter signaling output by heterodimerizing with other family members. Adding complexity, these receptors with varying specificity bind at least 10 ligands from two ligand families, the EGF and neuregulin/heregulin families. This signaling system's impact on human neoplasia is underscored by the following: i.) EGFR is overexpressed or activated by autocrine or paracrine growth factor loops in at least 50% of epithelial malignancies; ii.) HER2 is amplified and dramatically overexpressed in approximately 20%-25% or breast cancers; iii) HER3 and HER4 are variably expressed in breast and other cancers. Overexpression and/or activation of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 has been correlated with poor tumor prognosis; antibody and small molecule inhibitors of their activity are being tested as therapy in cancer patients. However, the signaling complexity engendered by four interacting receptors and ten ligands makes it difficult to definitively measure receptor signaling output in human tumors and even makes mechanistic studies of the family's role in normal physiology and neoplastic transformation a challenge. In spite of the literature's emphasis on growth control, activation by some EGF receptor family member ligands can produce tumor cell differentiation, characterized by growth cessation and differentiation gene product synthesis. The present work delineates a role for HER4 in breast cancer cell differentiation and demonstrates that HER4 is both necessary and sufficient to produce an anti-proliferative signal. These
[The anti-athetotic effects of heme-L-lysinate in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis]. (2010)

Heme-L-lysinate could attenuate atherosclerotic progression through upregulating HO-1 and HSP70 expression and increasing CO production in this model.
Origin of the Overpotential for Oxygen Reduction at a Fuel-Cell Cathode (2004)

We present a method for calculating the stability of reaction intermediates of electrochemical processes on the basis of electronic structure calculations. We used that method in combination with detailed density functional calculations to develop a detailed description of the free-energy landscape of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction over Pt(111) as a function of applied bias. This allowed us to identify the origin of the overpotential found for this reaction. Adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl are found to be very stable intermediates at potentials close to equilibrium, and the calculated rate constant for the activated proton/electron transfer to adsorbed oxygen or hydroxyl can account quantitatively for the observed kinetics. On the basis of a database of calculated oxygen and hydroxyl adsorption energies, the trends in the oxygen reduction rate for a large number of different transition and noble metals can be accounted for. Alternative reaction mechanisms involving proton/electron transfer to adsorbed molecular oxygen were also considered, and this peroxide mechanism was found to dominate for the most noble metals. The model suggests ways to improve the electrocatalytic properties of fuel-cell cathodes.
Characterization of recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide. A highly selective inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa. (1990)

Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa (Waxman, L., Smith, D. E., Arcuri, K. E., and Vlasuk, G. P. (1990) Science, 248, 593-596). Further detailed studies pertaining to the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of TAP require quantities of the inhibitor which cannot be isolated from ticks. To overcome this limitation we describe here the characterization of recombinant TAP (rTAP) secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of rTAP was obtained using a chimeric gene containing a fusion between sequences encoding the secretory preproleader of the yeast mating pheromone alpha-factor and a synthetic sequence encoding the 60-amino acid inhibitor under the transcriptional control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Recombinant S. cerevisiae were found to secrete biologically active rTAP into the extracellular medium at levels of 0.1-0.15 g/liter. The secreted inhibitor was purified to homogeneity and found to be indistinguishable from the native inhibitor with respect to several criteria, including primary structure, amino acid composition, and electrophoretic mobility. In addition, purified rTAP and native TAP exhibited similar stoichiometric inhibition of factor Xa in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of rTAP was demonstrated using a model of low grade disseminated intravascular coagulation where the purified inhibitor was shown to significantly inhibit thromboplastin-induced fibrinopeptide A generation following an infusion into conscious rhesus monkeys. The availability of rTAP will allow a detailed evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo properties of this highly specific and potent factor Xa inhibitor.
Sepsis due to an Infected Pseudocyst of Hemophilia (1989)

A 42-year-old Factor-VIII-deficient hemophiliac developed an infected pseudocyst and subsequent clostridial sepsis. Wide surgical debridement and precise medical management provided for survival in this patient's case. The treatment of choice for this rarely encountered problem was radical excisional surgery along with antibiotics and replenishment of all necessary blood products.
Altered MicroRNA Expression Confined to Specific Epithelial Cell Subpopulations in Breast Cancer (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that are involved in diverse developmental and pathologic processes. Altered miRNA expression has been associated with several types of human cancer. However, most studies did not establish whether miRNA expression changes occurred within cells undergoing malignant transformation. To obtain insight into miRNA deregulation in breast cancer, we implemented an in situ hybridization (ISH) method to reveal the spatial distribution of miRNA expression in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens representing normal and tumor tissue from >100 patient cases. Here, we report that expression of miR-145 and miR-205 was restricted to the myoepithelial/basal cell compartment of normal mammary ducts and lobules, whereas their accumulation was reduced or completely eliminated in matching tumor specimens. Conversely, expression of other miRNAs was detected at varying levels predominantly within luminal epithelial cells in normal tissue; expression of miR-21 was frequently increased, whereas that of let-7a was decreased in malignant cells. We also analyzed the association of miRNA expression with that of epithelial markers; prognostic indicators such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2; as well as clinical outcome data. This ISH approach provides a more direct and informative assessment of how altered miRNA expression contributes to breast carcinogenesis compared with miRNA expression profiling in gross tissue biopsies. Most significantly, early manifestation of altered miR-145 expression in atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ lesions suggests that this miRNA may have a potential clinical application as a novel biomarker for early detection.
Endothelial cell culture: beginnings of modern vascular biology (2004)

Endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins were first successfully cultured in vitro in 1973. Weibel-Palade bodies and the von Willebrand factor antigen were used as morphological, immunohistochemical, and functional markers to unequivocally identify the cells. These landmark studies helped initiate the growth of modern vascular biology.
‘Hairpin’ catalytic RNA model: evidence for helices and sequence requirement for substrate RNA (1990)

We have identified the catalytic domain within the sequence of the negative strand of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus. Minimum energy RNA folding calculations predict a two dimensional model with four major helical regions which are supported by mutagenesis experiments. This model for the catalytic complex consists of a 50 base catalytic RNA and a 14 base substrate RNA folded together in a type of hairpin two dimensional structure. Part of the recognition region between the catalyst and substrate is two helices of 6 bases and 4 bases respectively. Catalytic activity remains when the bases in these two helices are changed but base pairing is maintained. Thus an appropriately engineered 'hairpin' catalyst is capable of cleaving heterologous RNA.
Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase-based signal transduction as specific target for cancer treatment. (2003)

Every cell in a multicellular organism receives signals from the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. These signals are transmitted, via transmembrane receptors and cascade proteins of the intracellular message system, inside the cell and often to the nucleus, regulating almost every physiological function of the cell. Protein tyrosine kinases constitute a family of receptors that regulate major cellular events, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion and apoptosis. Mutant tyrosine kinases and/or their aberrant activity are associated with human cancer and other hyper-proliferative diseases. Strategies for inhibition of aberrant tyrosine kinase activity, such as antisense oligonucleotides, antigenic stimulation and small molecular inhibitors have been developed. STI571, a phenylaminopyrimidine derivative, is considered to be the pioneer of the small molecular inhibitors available to date. It is a successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is currently approved and used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal tumors. In this article we review the mechanisms of cell signaling, the signal transduction pathways related to tyrosine kinases, their relationship with cancer, and the strategies developed to inhibit the aberrant tyrosine kinase receptor-based signal transduction. Drug resistance and future perspectives for combination therapies are also discussed.
Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis (1983)

One method of evaluating the degree of neurologic impairment in MS has been the combination of grades (0 = normal to 5 or 6 = maximal impairment) within 8 Functional Systems (FS) and an overall Disability Status Scale (DSS) that had steps from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS). A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 . . . 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 . . . 9.5). The lower portion is obligatorily defined by Functional System grades. The FS are Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Brain Stem, Sensory, Bowel & Bladder, Visual, Cerebral, and Other; the Sensory and Bowel & Bladder Systems have been revised. Patterns of FS and relations of FS by type and grade to the DSS are demonstrated.
Studies on monolayers. 1. Surface tension and absorption spectroscopic measurements of monolayers of surface-active azo and stilbene dyes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on monolayers. 1. Surface tension and absorption spectroscopic measurements of monolayers of surface-active azo and stilbene dyesJuergen HeesemannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7, 2167–2176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00527a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00527a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of a protein inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase by the end products of its reaction. (1976)

Putrescine, the end-product of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC: L-ornithine carboxylyase, EC; 4.1.1.17) action, induces the synthesis of a protein(s), in L1210, neuroblastoma, and H-35 cells as well as in rat liver, which inhibits ODC activity. Spermidine and spermine, distal products of ODC activity, also induce the synthesis of a similar protein in H-35 cells. These ODC-inhibitors are heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive, and their induction is dependent upon protein synthesis. They have short half-lives which range from 18 to 66 min; these half-lives are similar to those of the ODC derived from the same source. They are noncompetitive inhibitors of ODC activity with an apparent molecular weight of 26,500. Each inhibitor crossreacts with the ODC's of the other cells and forms an enzyme-inhibitor complex which is stable during Sephadex chromatography; however, after treatment with ammonium sulfate, enzyme and inhibitor activities can be dissociated and recovered intact from the same column. We propose the name antizyme for proteins whose synthesis is induced by the proximal or distal products of the enzyme they inhibit.
Detecting simultaneous changepoints in multiple sequences (2010)

We discuss the detection of local signals that occur at the same location in multiple one-dimensional noisy sequences, with particular attention to relatively weak signals that may occur in only a fraction of the sequences. We propose simple scan and segmentation algorithms based on the sum of the chi-squared statistics for each individual sample, which is equivalent to the generalized likelihood ratio for a model where the errors in each sample are independent. The simple geometry of the statistic allows us to derive accurate analytic approximations to the significance level of such scans. The formulation of the model is motivated by the biological problem of detecting recurrent DNA copy number variants in multiple samples. We show using replicates and parent-child comparisons that pooling data across samples results in more accurate detection of copy number variants. We also apply the multisample segmentation algorithm to the analysis of a cohort of tumour samples containing complex nested and overlapping copy number aberrations, for which our method gives a sparse and intuitive cross-sample summary.