gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid automated disgnosis of bacteremia by impedance detection (1977)

Lysis and filtration of blood culture specimens were combined with impedance detection of bacterial growth to facilitate the diagnosis of bacteremia. A blood lysis-filtration technique (Zierdt et al., 1976) was coupled to a simple, inexpensive automated detection system. The practical and technical aspects of the impedance detection system are discussed. This new blood culturing system was compared to a conventional system for 264 aerobic blood cultures. A 30-ml sample of the blood-broth mixture was withdrawn from the conventional aerobic blood culture bottle and processed in parallel. Excluding the isolation of the commonly recognized contaminants, the detection efficiency was 36% greater in the new system. A total of 53 blood cultures from 107 patients were positive by one or both methods. The new system detected 92% of the total number of positive cultures, compared with 56% detected by the routine method. The explanation of the differences is discussed.
Synthesis of N-t-Boc-4-S-t-Butyl-L-thiophenylalanineviaPalladium Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of N-t-Boc-4-Iodo-L-phenylalanine witht-Butylthiol or Sodiumt-Butylthiolate (1996)

Abstract Cross-coupling reaction of N-t-Boc-4-iodo-L-phenylalanine with t-BuSH proceeded efficiently in the presence of Pd2dba3.CHCl3/DPPF as the catalyst system. However, Pd2dba3.CHCl3/DPPB was found to be more effective for coupling with t-BuSNa.
Cytokeratin 20 in human carcinomas. A new histodiagnostic marker detected by monoclonal antibodies. (1992)

The authors have recently identified a new cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide, CK 20, whose expression is almost entirely confined to the gastric and intestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel cells. Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for CK 20 were raised and characterized by applying immunoblotting and immunocytochemical screening. All of them reacted on frozen tissue sections. A further MAb, IT-Ks20.8, recognized CK 20 in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. A total of 711 cases of primary and metastatic cancer, mostly carcinomas, were analyzed immunohistochemically for CK-20 expression, using CK-20 specific guinea-pig antibodies and MAbs. The expression spectrum of CK 20 in carcinomas resembled that seen in the corresponding normal epithelia of origin. CK-20 positivity was seen in the vast majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon (89/93 cases), mucinous ovarian tumors, transitional-cell and Merkel-cell carcinomas and frequently also in adenocarcinomas of the stomach, bile system, and pancreas. Most squamous cell carcinomas in general and most adenocarcinomas from other sites (breast, lung, endometrium), nonmucinous tumors of the ovary, and small-cell lung carcinomas were essentially or completely negative. The authors propose to use CK 20 as a diagnostic marker valuable in distinguishing different types of carcinomas, notably when presenting as metastases.
Targeting of interleukin-13 receptor on human renal cell carcinoma cells by a recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38QQR) (1996)

We have previously shown that human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells express large numbers of interleukin-13 receptors (IL-13R), a newly described hemopoietic growth factor receptor. To target tumor cells that express IL-13R, we have produced a chimeric protein composed of human IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, termed PE38QQR. We report here that IL13-PE38QQR is highly cytotoxic to many human RCC cell lines. IL-13R-negative cell lines or cell lines expressing low numbers of IL-13R ( < 300 sites/cell) that include human bone marrow-derived cells were not susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of IL 13-PE38QQR. The sensitivity of RCC cells to IL13-PE38QQR correlated positively with the density of IL-13R. The cytotoxic activity of IL13-PE38QQR was competed by an excess of IL-13 in a protein synthesis inhibition assay and confirmed by a clonogenic assay. Even though IL-13 and IL-4 are homologues and IL-4R and IL-13R have been proposed to share a receptor subunit, IL-4 did not compete for the cytotoxicity mediated by IL13-toxin on RCC. IL13-PE38QQR competes for [125I]-IL-13 binding sites on RCC cells, although at a lower affinity than the wild-type recombinant cytokine. Human T-cell, B-cell, and monocytic cell lines are unresponsive to the cytotoxic action of IL13-PE38QQR. Thus, our results indicate that IL13-PE38QQR is highly cytotoxic to human RCC cells, although it is not cytotoxic to a variety of normal hematopoietic cells. IL13-PE38QQR should be further investigated preclinically for the treatment of human RCCs.
Impact of Lithium Bis(oxalate)borate Electrolyte Additive on the Performance of High-Voltage Spinel/Graphite Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

The impact of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) electrolyte additive on the performance of full lithium-ion cells pairing the high-voltage spinel cathode with the graphite anode was systematically investigated. Adding 1 wt % LiBOB to the electrolyte significantly improved the cycle life and Coulombic efficiency of the full-cells at 30 and 45 °C. As the LiBOB was preferentially oxidized and reduced compared with LiBOB-free electrolyte during cycling, their relative contributions to the improved capacity retention in full-cells was gauged by pairing fresh and LiBOB-treated electrodes with various combinations. The results indicated that a solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on graphite produced by the reduction of the LiBOB additive is more robust and stable against Mn dissolution problem during cycling at 45 °C compared with the SEI formed by the reduction of the base (LiBOB-free) electrolyte. In addition, a 3 wt % LiBOB-added electrolyte showed reduced Mn dissolution compared with the base electrolyte after storing the fully charged Li1–xNi0.42Fe0.08Mn1.5O4 (LNFMO) electrodes at 60 °C for one month. It is believed that LiBOB aids in stabilizing the electrolyte by trapping the PF5, i.e., sequestering the radical which tends to oxidize EC and DEC electrolyte solvents. Thus, oxidation is suppressed on the carbon black particles in the positive electrode, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. As a result, HF generation is suppressed, which in turn results in less Mn dissolution from the spinel cathode.
Comparison of Oral Capecitabine Versus Intravenous Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin as First-Line Treatment in 605 Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Randomized Phase III Study (2001)

Oral capecitabine was more active than 5-FU/LV in the induction of objective tumor responses. Time to disease progression and survival were at least equivalent for capecitabine compared with the 5-FU/LV arm. Capecitabine also demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits over bolus 5-FU/LV in terms of tolerability.
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol–Conjugated Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor on Platelet Counts after Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer (1997)

MGDF has potent stimulatory effects on platelet production in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Multiple antigen-presenting system (MAPS) to induce comprehensive B- and T-cell immunity (2013)

Vaccines are among the most effective approaches to prevent and control many infectious diseases. Because of safety and reproducibility concerns, whole-cell vaccines (WCVs), made from live or killed microorganisms and including hundreds of antigenic components, have been mostly replaced by acellular or subunit vaccines composed of well-defined, purified antigen components. The efficacy of acellular vaccines is inferior to that of WCVs, however, for two major reasons: limited antigen diversity and reduced immunogenicity, especially in a lack of activation of antigen-specific T-cell immunity, which plays an important role in protection against mucosal and intracellular pathogens. Here we present the multiple antigen-presenting system (MAPS), which enables the creation of a macromolecular complex that mimics the properties of WCVs by integrating various antigen components, including polysaccharides and proteins, in the same construct and that induces multipronged immune responses, including antibody, Th1, and Th17 responses. Using antigens from various pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), we demonstrate the versatility of the MAPS system and its feasibility for the design of unique defined-structure subunit vaccines to confer comprehensive protection via multiple immune mechanisms. Moreover, MAPS can serve as a tool for structure-activity analysis of cellular immunogens.
On supporting anonymity in a BAN biometric framework (2009)

The flourishing technology of physiological biometrics, particularly those related to medical information, has raised concerns about the intrusion to individuals' private information. This paper proposes a novel biometric framework for managing sensitive information. A privacy oriented body area network (BAN), with electrocardiogram (ECG) based recognition, is presented for supporting anonymity. In this framework, service providers are equipped with the possibility of pervasive subject monitoring, potentially eliminating the need for authenticated identities, while offering an automatic way of managing personal information. To this end, the central node of each BAN is designed to handle both the communication with external resources, and the processing of ECG personalized signatures destined to identify an individual. Sensitive information reaches the server with anonymity guarantees, to be stored automatically in the associated file.
EARLY EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON NITROGEN DEFICIENCY AND LEAF CHLOROSIS IN BARLEY (1977)

SUMMARY Effects of flooding the root system on nitrogen status, leaf chlorosis and shoot growth have been studied in barley seedlings. Within 2 days, oxygen in the soil water decreased to a low concentration (&lt; 2%), and net uptake of nitrogen to shoots was inhibited. Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the average concentration of nitrogen in shoots, due to translocation from older leaves to younger expanding ones. These changes pieceded the onset of chlorosis of the older leaves. It is suggested that inhibition of nitrogen uptake, and the consequent redistribution of nitrogen within the shoot, are important contributory factors in the early senescence of leaves and the retarded growth of shoots in flooded plants.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new thienopyrimidine derivatives. (2006)

Reaction of heteroaromatic o-aminonitrile with ethyl N-[bis(methylthio)methylene]amino acetate resulted in annelation of a thieno[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine moiety in a one step process. [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-c]thieno- [3,2-e]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared by initial treatment of o-aminonitrile with carbon disulfide, followed by methylation with methyl iodide and subsequent reaction with benzhydrazide and thiosemicarbazide, respectively. Hydrazinothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine was prepared by cyclization of heteroaromatic o-aminoester with formamide, followed by chlorination and subsequent displacement with hydrazine. Treatment of the hydrazino derivative with acetylacetone, benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride afforded pyrazolylpyrimidine, benzylidenehydrazonopyrimidine and triazolopyrimidine derivatives, respectively. Some of these derivatives exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity.
Structural and functional analyses of disease-causing missense mutations in the forkhead domain of FOXC1 (2003)

Five missense mutations (P79L, P79T, I91S, I91T and R127H) within the forkhead DNA-binding domain of the FOXC1 transcription factor, identified in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger (AR) malformations, were studied to identify the effects of these mutations on FOXC1 structure and function. Molecular modeling and threading analyses predict that the I91S and T mutations may generate local disruptions to the structure of the forkhead domain while the R127H mutation alters the electrostatic charge of the DNA binding surface of the forkhead domain. The P79L and T mutations are not predicted to grossly perturb the structure of the forkhead domain. Biological analyses indicate that all of these missense mutations cause a range of FOXC1 perturbations, including nuclear localization defects, reduced or abolished DNA binding capacity, and a reduction in the transactivation capacity of FOXC1. These experiments extend our previous hypothesis that reduced transactivation of appropriate target genes by FOXC1, underlie AR malformations mapping to human chromosome 6p25. Importantly, these results can also be applied to predict the consequences of the molecular effects of mutations of other FOX genes that have analogous missense mutations, including FOXP2, FOXE3 and FOXC2.
Mesenchymal stem cells: from biology to clinical use. (2007)

Stem cells are immature progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation through a process of asymmetric mitosis that leads to two daughter cells, one identical to the stem cell and one capable of differentiation into more mature cells.

Stem cells may be: 1) totipotent, i.e. early embryonic cells (1–3 days from oocyte fertilization), which can give rise to all the embryonic tissues and placenta; 2) pluripotent, i.e. embryonic cells from blastocystis (days 4–14 after oocyte fertilization), which can differentiate only into embryonic tissues belonging to the inner cell mass (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm); or 3) multipotent, i.e. embryonic cells from the 14th day onwards, fetal stem cells, cord blood stem cells, and adult stem cells, which can give rise only to tissues belonging to one embryonic germ layer (ectoderm or mesoderm or endoderm).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are non-haematopoietic cell precursors initially found in the bone marrow, but actually present in many other tissues. MSC in culture are adherent, proliferating, and capable of multilineage differentiation into several tissues of mesenchymal origin, such as bone marrow stroma, adipose tissue, bone, cartilage, tendon, skeletal muscle, visceral mesoderm, and endothelial cells1–5. Well known and used for bone regeneration for many years, MSC came in the limelight at the end of the 1990s thanks to the evidence that, despite their adult stem cell nature, these cells are capable of pluripotent differentiation, which may be useful for regenerative medicine. In addition, since the beginning of 2000 it has become clear that MSC possess immune regulatory properties that may make them useful in autoimmune diseases.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2000)

Age-related macular degeneration, a deterioration of the central portion of the retina, is the chief cause of severe and irreversible loss of vision in developed countries.1,2 There is no effective treatment for most patients with age-related macular degeneration, and many patients therefore resort to experimental treatments. Physicians must know how to counsel their patients about the limitations and risks of these experimental therapies. Fortunately, several clinical trials sponsored by both the National Eye Institute and the private sector are evaluating novel prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. In addition, there is much exciting, ongoing basic research, some of which may lead . . .
Pulmonary Vein Morphology in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Initiated by Ectopic Beats Originating From the Pulmonary Veins (2000)

Nonspecific dilatation of the ostia and proximal portion of superior PVs were found in patients with PAF initiated by ectopic beats from the superior PVs.
Normalization of full-length enriched cDNA (2008)

Analysis of rare messages in cDNA libraries is extremely difficult due to the substantial variations in the abundance of different transcripts in cells and tissues. Therefore, for rare transcript searches and analyses, the generation of equalized (normalized) cDNA is essential. Several cDNA normalization methods have been developed since 1990. A number of these methods have been optimized for the normalization of full-length enriched cDNA, and used in various applications, including transcriptome analysis and functional screening of cDNA libraries. One such procedure (named DSN-normalization) is based on the unique properties of duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) from kamchatka crab and allows the generation of normalized cDNA libraries with a high gene discovery rate.
Microsystems for the Capture of Low-Abundance Cells (2010)

Efficient selection and enumeration of low-abundance biological cells are highly important in a variety of applications. For example, the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is recognized as a viable biomarker for the management of various cancers, in which the clinically relevant number of CTCs per 7.5 ml of blood is two to five. Although there are several methods for isolating rare cells from a variety of heterogeneous samples, such as immunomagnetic-assisted cell sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, they are fraught with challenges. Microsystem-based technologies are providing new opportunities for selecting and isolating rare cells from complex, heterogeneous samples. Such approaches involve reductions in target-cell loss, process automation, and minimization of contamination issues. In this review, we introduce different application areas requiring rare cell analysis, conventional techniques for their selection, and finally microsystem approaches for low-abundance-cell isolation and enumeration.
Adsorption Characterization of Oligo(dimethylsiloxane)-Modified Silicas:  An Example of Highly Hydrophobic Surfaces with Non-Aliphatic Architecture (2002)

This paper describes adsorption characterization of oligo(dimethylsiloxane)-modified silicas, nonpolar, lyophobic adsorbents with non-aliphatic architecture of the surfaces. Synthesis and spectral and thermal characterization of these surfaces have been recently reported in: Fadeev, A. Y.; Kazakevich, Y. V. Langmuir 2002, 18, 2665. Adsorbents were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and by liquid-phase adsorption from methanol−water mixtures. Modification of silica with short oligo(dimethylsiloxane)s resulted in a drop of the specific pore volumes and in a decrease of C constants of the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller equation. The observed C constants were in the range of 12−17, indicating low energy of the adsorption interactions for dimethylsiloxane−silicas. The effective thickness of the grafted layers and the molecular volumes of grafted dimethylsiloxy groups were calculated from the change of the pore volumes due to surface modification and from the chemical analysis data. The thickness of the bonded layers increases from ∼3 up to ∼12 Å as grafting density of the [Si(CH3)2O] groups increases from ∼5 to 11 group/nm2, respectively. Molecular volumes of the [Si(CH3)2O] groups undergo substantial increase as grafting density increases, indicating more loose packing of the oligo(dimethylsiloxane) chains on the surface. Excess adsorption isotherms from methanol−water mixtures were measured using the dynamic minor disturbance method. Only preferential adsorption of methanol was observed on the adsorbents of high bonding density of dimethylsiloxane, indicating very low polarity and high uniformity of these surfaces. The absence of the excess water adsorption argues for the absence of accessible silanol groups (or any other polar adsorption centers) on oligo(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces.
On the Complexing of Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) by Mercuric Ion1 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Complexing of Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) by Mercuric Ion1Tetsuo Yamane and Norman DavidsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 12, 2599–2607Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01473a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations241LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (971 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anti‐thrombogenicity of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)s (2009)

Abstract We transformed hydrophobic/hydrophobic styrene/butadiene/styrene tri‐block copolymer (SBS) to hydrophobic / hydrophilic microphase‐separated surfaces by grafting with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on poly(butadiene) (PB) domain via hydrocarboxylation and hydrobromination and investigated the anti‐thrombogenicity of these surfaces. In the case of SBS cast film from toluene solution, PEG was densely grafted because of the development of an unevenness on the order of several 10 nm on the surface, which had a huge surface area in comparison with poly(butadiene) rubber with its uniformly smooth surface. Grafted PEG (molecular weight = 600) was found to clearly inhibit adhesion and activation of platelets and coagulation of the whole blood component, which is indicative of anti‐thrombogenicity. These properties correspond to a surface coated by a copolymer of 2‐methacryloyl‐oxyethyl phosphorylcholine and n ‐butyl methacrylate, which is well known to be the best excellent anti‐thrombogenic material in the world. Melt‐molded SBS film, which also has an uneveness on the order of several 10 nm, showed similar excellent anti‐thrombogenicity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Prolegomena to Future Experimental Efforts on Genetic Code Engineering by Expanding Its Amino Acid Repertoire (2004)

Protein synthesis and its relation to the genetic code was for a long time a central issue in biology. Rapid experimental progress throughout the past decade, crowned with the recently elucidated ribosomal structures, provided an almost complete description of this process. In addition important experiments provided solid evidence that the natural protein translation machinery can be reprogrammed to encode genetically a vast number of non-coded (i.e. noncanonical) amino acids. Indeed, in the set of 20 canonical amino acids as prescribed by the universal genetic code, many desirable functionalities, such as halogeno, keto, cyano, azido, nitroso, nitro, and silyl groups, as well as C=C or C[triple bond]C bonds, are absent. The ability to encode genetically such chemical diversity will enable us to reprogram living cells, such as bacteria, to express tailor-made proteins exhibiting functional diversity. Accordingly, genetic code engineering has developed into an exciting emerging research field at the interface of biology, chemistry, and physics.