gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence analysis of the phs operon in Salmonella typhimurium and the contribution of thiosulfate reduction to anaerobic energy metabolism (1995)

The phs chromosomal locus of Salmonella typhimurium is essential for the dissimilatory anaerobic reduction of thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Sequence analysis of the phs region revealed a functional operon with three open reading frames, designated phsA, phsB, and phsC, which encode peptides of 82.7, 21.3, and 28.5 kDa, respectively. The predicted products of phsA and phsB exhibited significant homology with the catalytic and electron transfer subunits of several other anaerobic molybdoprotein oxidoreductases, including Escherichia coli dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, nitrate reductase, and formate dehydrogenase. Simultaneous comparison of PhsA to seven homologous molybdoproteins revealed numerous similarities among all eight throughout the entire frame, hence, significant amino acid conservation among molybdoprotein oxidoreductases. Comparison of PhsB to six other homologous sequences revealed four highly conserved iron-sulfur clusters. The predicted phsC product was highly hydrophobic and similar in size to the hydrophobic subunits of the molybdoprotein oxidoreductases containing subunits homologous to phsA and phsB. Thus, phsABC appears to encode thiosulfate reductase. Single-copy phs-lac translational fusions required both anaerobiosis and thiosulfate for full expression, whereas multicopy phs-lac translational fusions responded to either thiosulfate or anaerobiosis, suggesting that oxygen and thiosulfate control of phs involves negative regulation. A possible role for thiosulfate reduction in anaerobic respiration was examined. Thiosulfate did not significantly augment the final densities of anaerobic cultures grown on any of the 18 carbon sources tested. on the other hand, washed stationary-phase cells depleted of ATP were shown to synthesize small amounts of ATP on the addition of the formate and thiosulfate, suggesting that the thiosulfate reduction plays a unique role in anaerobic energy conservation by S typhimurium.
Neural Networks for Image and Video Compression (2018)

The data transition has become one of the most actual problems nowadays. Classical methods of video and image compression give great results but refers huge computational resources. One of the improvement ways in video and still images processing and transmitting is using neural networks. In this field they can be used for pre-/post-processing, algorithm optimization, segmentation tasks. There is a lack of studies which pay attention to neural network application for reducing spatial and temporal redundancy in video encoding operations. In this work we propose new methods of preprocessing and postprocessing using convolutional neural networks along with classical algorithms of video compression. The main structure consists of downscale and upscale parts which allows to downsize a transmitted image or frame and reconstruct it in decoder side with high accuracy. The reconstruction process uses preprocessing before upscale operation and post-processing after image size restoration. The current algorithm works in conjunction with the classic video codec H.264/ A VC. The work's results show improvement of the transmitted image quality at a lower bit rate. The new method improves previous ones in term of compression rate.
Fault-seal analysis using a stochastic multifault approach (2004)

We have developed a stochastic multifault method for analysis of the impact of stratigraphic uncertainty on cross-fault leakage at sand-sand juxtapositions. This method assumes that all sand-sand juxtapositions leak across the fault. Stratigraphic uncertainty is modeled by stochastic variation of stratigraphic stacking. Structural uncertainty is addressed through variation of the input. Our objectives were to quantitatively predict the impact of uncertainties in stratigraphic and structural input and to simulate the complex system of structural spills and juxtaposition leak points that control hydrocarbon contact levels in traps with stacked reservoir systems and many faults.Three examples demonstrate how this stochastic multifault method has helped us evaluate uncertainty and understand complex leak fill-and-spill controls. The Ling Gu prospect demonstrates that widespread cross-fault leakage on two crestal faults with throw changes that exceed seal thickness causes only a single hydrocarbon column to accumulate in multiple-stacked reservoirs. This column is controlled by a juxtaposition leak point on a third, deeper fault. We have learned from examples like Ling Gu that the relative size of throw change and seal thickness is a fundamental control on the probability of cross-fault juxtapositions. An example at prospect A demonstrates the sensitivity of hydrocarbon entrapment to small faults in a sand-prone interval with thin seals. The prospect A analysis shows that if seals are thin, faults or channel incisions below seismic resolution can leak hydrocarbons out of stacked reservoirs that are interpreted as unfaulted on seismic data. This introduced significant predrill uncertainty and risk. Guntong field demonstrates that a thin sand in a juxtaposed seal interval can introduce large uncertainty in the prediction of hydrocarbon columns.These examples and many other analyses using the method demonstrate how small changes in stratigraphic and structural input to a fault-seal analysis can introduce significant uncertainty in the predicted range of hydrocarbon volumes. Such uncertainties need to be directly and systematically accounted for in a fault-seal analysis.
The role of estrogens for male bone health (2009)

Sex steroids are important for the growth and maintenance of both the female and the male skeleton. However, the relative contribution of androgens versus estrogens in the regulation of the male skeleton is unclear. Experiments using mice with inactivated sex steroid receptors demonstrated that both activation of the estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and activation of the androgen receptor result in a stimulatory effect on both the cortical and trabecular bone mass in males. ERbeta is of no importance for the skeleton in male mice while it modulates the ERalpha-action on bone in female mice. Previous in vitro studies suggest that the membrane G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 also might be a functional ER. Our in vivo analyses of GPR30-inactivated mice revealed no function of GPR30 for estrogen-mediated effects on bone mass but it is required for normal regulation of the growth plate and estrogen-mediated insulin-secretion. Recent clinical evidence suggests that a threshold exists for estrogen effects on bone in men: rates of bone loss and fracture risk seem to be the highest in men with estradiol levels below this threshold. Taken together, even though these findings do not exclude an important role for testosterone in male skeletal homeostasis, it is now well-established that estrogens are important regulators of bone health in men.
Electronic Alerts to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism among Hospitalized Patients (2005)

The institution of a computer-alert program increased physicians' use of prophylaxis and markedly reduced the rates of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients at risk.
Growth factor and stem cell enhanced conduits in peripheral nerve regeneration and repair (2008)

This review discusses current animal and clinical growth factor and stem cell studies, specifically focusing on future bio-engineering approaches in developing a nerve guidance conduit in the future.
Boosting Photon Harvesting in Organic Solar Cells with Highly Oriented Molecular Crystals via Graphene–Organic Heterointerface (2015)

Photon harvesting in organic solar cells is highly dependent on the anisotropic nature of the optoelectronic properties of photoactive materials. Here, we demonstrate an efficient approach to dramatically enhance photon harvesting in planar heterojunction solar cells by using a graphene-organic heterointerface. A large area, residue-free monolayer graphene is inserted at anode interface to serve as an atomically thin epitaxial template for growing highly orientated pentacene crystals with lying-down orientation. This anisotropic orientation enhances the overall optoelectronic properties, including light absorption, charge carrier lifetime, interfacial energetics, and especially the exciton diffusion length. Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis reveal that the lying-down orientation persists until a thickness of 110 nm, which, along with increased exciton diffusion length up to nearly 100 nm, allows the device optimum thickness to be doubled to yield significantly enhanced light absorption within the photoactive layers. The resultant photovoltaic performance shows simultaneous increment in Voc, Jsc, and FF, and consequently a 5 times increment in the maximum power conversion efficiency than the equivalent devices without a graphene layer. The present findings indicate that controlling organic-graphene heterointerface could provide a design strategy of organic solar cell architecture for boosting photon harvesting.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Function Blocking Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in Pressure-Overloaded Rats (2002)

TGF-beta plays a causal role in myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction through fibroblast activation in pressure-overloaded hearts. Our findings may provide an insight into a new therapeutic strategy to prevent myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded hearts.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Autoimmunity (2008)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulators of many cellular functions and a growing number of PTPs have been implicated in human disease conditions, such as developmental defects, neoplastic disorders, and immunodeficiency. Here, we review the involvement of PTPs in human autoimmunity. The leading examples include the allelic variant of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22), which is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, and mutations that affect the exon-intron splicing of CD45 (PTPRC). We also find it likely that additional PTPs are involved in susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Finally, we discuss the possibility that PTPs regulating the immune system may serve as therapeutic targets.
Prefaces to Translations: A Microhistory of Translation (2020)

Prefaces, as interface between translator and reader, translation and relevant historical contexts, offer an access to translation activities in history. A survey of prefaces in existing studies suggest that only some canonized pieces have been included into the writing of translation history. Based on the profiles of prefaces to translation, that is, who are the translators, what has been translated, why and how is it translated, it is argued that prefaces are potential in writing a microhistory of translation with marginal, trival, piecemeal records.
Mutations in p53 produce a common conformational effect that can be detected with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed toward the central part of the p53 protein. (1994)

Human p53 displays two immunodominant regions localized in the amino and carboxy termini of the protein. Using a truncated p53 (residues 66 to 361), we selected eight new monoclonal antibodies directed to the central part of the protein. We identified the epitopes recognized by seven out of eight antibodies with a set of overlapping peptides. One of these antibodies had an epitope similar to PAb240, whereas the others recognized novel and diverse antigenic determinants. Using a series of 19 p53 mutants, we show that the behavior of several of the new monoclonal antibodies is similar to that of PAb240 despite their various epitope localizations. This suggests that different mutations in the p53 protein induce an overall conformational change that can be detected by various monoclonal antibodies directed toward the central part of the protein.
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis: two immunologically distinct species (1993)

Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are closely related species. Both are responsible for outbreaks of whooping cough in humans and produce similar virulence factors, with the exception of pertussis toxin, specific to B. pertussis. Current pertussis whole-cell vaccine will soon be replaced by acellular vaccines containing major adhesins (filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin) and major toxin (pertussis toxin). All of these factors are antigens that stimulate a protective immune response in the murine respiratory model and in clinical assays. In the present study, we examined the protective efficacies of these factors, and that of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, another B. pertussis toxin, against B. parapertussis infection in a murine respiratory model. As expected, pertussis toxin did not protect against B. parapertussis infection, since this bacterium did not express this protein, but the surprising result was that none of the other factors were protective against B. parapertussis infection. Furthermore, B. parapertussis adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, although it protected against B. parapertussis infection, did not protect against B. pertussis infection. Despite a high degree of homology between both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis species, no cross-protection was observed. Our results outline the fact that, as in other gram-negative bacteria, Bordetella surface proteins vary immunologically.
Generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells: synergy between tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2. (1988)

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) can be activated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) to lymphokine-activated killers (LAK). The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on LAK generation was investigated. TNF was found to act synergistically with low concentrations of IL-2 (0.10-0.25 ng/ml), which were ineffective by themselves in inducing LAK activity, to promote the differentiation of LGL into non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted killers. When IL-2 was used at concentrations optimal for LAK generation, TNF did not further enhance this phenomenon. Specific binding of 125I-labeled TNF to LGL was increased by IL-2 stimulation. Scatchard analysis of TNF binding revealed the existence of two classes of binding sites with markedly different affinities (Kd values of 57 and 600 pM). We also demonstrated that the IL-2/TNF synergistic induction of LAK activity did not involve either IL-1 or interferon-gamma. This IL-2/TNF synergistic effect was blocked by anti-Tac antibodies. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that IL-2/TNF selectively up-regulated Tac antigen expression on LAK precursors. Our results suggest a functional interaction between IL-2 and TNF on LAK precursors, which results in a reduction of the IL-2 concentration required for differentiation of LGL into LAK killers.
Synthesis and characterization of ordered organo–silica–surfactant mesophases with functionalized MCM-41-type architecture (1997)

Ordered organo–silica–surfactant mesophases containing covalently linked functionalized moieties are prepared with MCM-41-type architectures by template-directed co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and organotrialkoxysilanes (RO) 3 Si–R′ [R = Me, Et; R′ = (CH 2 ) 3 SH, (CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 , (CH 2 ) 3 OCH 2 CH(O)CH 2 , (CH 2 ) 3 NCHNCH 2 CH 2 or CH 2 CHCH 2 ].
Photoluminescence of ion-implanted GaN (1976)

Thirty-five elements were implanted in GaN. Their photoluminescence spectra were measured and compared to those of an unimplanted control sample. Most impurities emit a peak at about 2.15 eV. Mg, Zn, Cd, Ca, As, Hg, and Ag have more characteristic emissions. Zn provides the most efficient recombination center. A set of midgap states is generated during the damage-annealing treatment.
Tethering Ribozymes to a Retroviral Packaging Signal for Destruction of Viral RNA (1993)

Cellular compartmentalization of RNAs is thought to influence their susceptibility to ribozyme cleavage. As a test of this idea, two retroviral vectors--one encoding a hammer-head ribozyme designed to cleave lacZ transcripts and another encoding the lacZ messenger RNA--were coexpressed inside retroviral packaging cells. Because of the retroviral packaging signal, the ribozyme would be expected to colocalize with the lacZ-containing viral genomic RNA but not with the lacZ messenger RNA. The ribozyme was found to reduce the titer of infectious virus containing lacZ by 90 percent, but had no effect on translation of lacZ messenger RNA. These results indicate that sorting gene inhibitors to appropriate intracellular sites may increase their effectiveness.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left Atrial Tachycardia Originating Within the Pulmonary Vein in a Patient with Dextrocardia (1996)

A case is presented of a 38-year-old male with dextrocardia in whom radiofrequency current ablation of an incessant atrial tachycardia originating within the infero-lateral pulmonary vein was achieved. Activation mapping with detection of the earliest atrial activation was used for identification of the arrhythmogenic focus. In addition to fluoroscopy, transesophageal echocardiography was used for catheter guidance during the transseptal puncture. The present experience suggests that location of an arrhythmogenic focus within the pulmonary venous system should be considered whenever early atrial activation during ectopic atrial tachycardia is recorded at the junction between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins.
Identification of a Ras Palmitoyltransferase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2002)

Most Ras proteins are posttranslationally modified by a palmitoyl lipid moiety through a thioester linkage. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. Here, evidence is presented that the Ras2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is palmitoylated by a Ras protein acyltransferase (Ras PAT) encoded by the ERF2 and ERF4 genes. Erf2p is a 41-kDa protein localized to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and contains a conserved DHHC cysteine-rich domain (DHHC-CRD). Erf2p co-purifies with Erf4p (26 kDa) when it is expressed in yeast or in Escherichia coli. The Erf2p/Erf4p complex is required for Ras PAT activity, and mutations within conserved residues (Cys(189), His(201), and Cys(203)) of the Erf2p DHHC-CRD domain abolish Ras PAT activity. Furthermore, a palmitoyl-Erf2p intermediate is detected suggesting that Erf2p is directly involved in palmitate transfer. ERF2 and ERF4 are the first genes identified that encode a palmitoyltransferase for a Ras GTPase.
Proteasome inhibitor-induced model of Parkinson's disease (2006)

We recently reported that systemic administration of a proteasome inhibitor induced a progressive levodopa-responsive, bradykinetic syndrome in rats with imaging, pathological, and biochemical features that strikingly resemble what is found in PD. This model has the potential to be a useful tool for studying the mechanism of cell death in Parkinson's disease and for testing putative neuroprotective agents. Since publication of these findings, several laboratories have sought to reproduce the model; some have been successful in replicating our findings, but others have not. The reason for this variability is not known, but resolution is critically important given the potential utility of this model. We have begun to examine various factors that alone or in combination might explain these differences, and we present in this article preliminary results from these studies.
New Iterative Detector of MIMO Transmission Using Sparse Decomposition (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of decoding in large-scale multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this case, the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) detector becomes impractical due to an exponential increase in the complexity with the signal and the constellation dimensions. This paper introduces an iterative decoding strategy with a tolerable complexity order. We consider a MIMO system with finite constellation and model it as a system with sparse signal sources. We propose an ML relaxed detector that minimizes the Euclidean distance with the received signal while preserving a constant <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\ell_{1} $</tex-math></inline-formula> -norm of the decoded signal. We also show that the detection problem is equivalent to a convex optimization problem, which is solvable in polynomial time. Two applications are proposed, and simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed detector.
The α-Camera: A Quantitative Digital Autoradiography Technique Using a Charge-Coupled Device for Ex Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of α-Particles (2010)

The characteristics of the α-camera are promising, suggesting that this bioimaging system can assist the development, evaluation, and refinement of future targeted radiotherapy approaches using α-emitters. The α-camera provides quantitative data on the activity distribution in tissues on a near-cellular scale and can therefore be used for small-scale dosimetry, improving the prediction of biologic outcomes with α-particles with short path length and high linear energy transfer.
Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Benzylic Carbonates with Arylboronic Acids (2005)

The cross-coupling of benzylic carbonates with arylboronic acids gave the corresponding diarylmethanes in high yields by use of the palladium catalyst generated in situ from [Pd(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))Cl](2) and 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (DPPPent). The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction using DPPPent-palladium catalyst is applicable to syntheses of a broad range of functionalized diarylmethanes. [reaction: see text]
FORS: a system for flexible design (2002)

The structure of FORS, a software tool that deals primarily with the area of collaboration and secondarily with human computer interfaces and record keeping, is described. It also deals with tool acquisition. FORS implements the network model of collaboration and permits dynamic reconfiguration of tools and aspects. A detailed description of its four modules-an aspect library, a tool library, a design space, and remote effects-is given. The implementation of the system in the mechanical design of a window regulator is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sendai virus-specific T-cell clones: induction of cytolytic T cells by an anti-idiotypic antibody directed against a helper T-cell clone. (1984)

We used a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody that is directed against a Sendai virus-specific helper T-cell clone to induce an anti-viral immune response in vivo. Splenocytes primed with the anti-idiotypic antibody mediated an antigen-specific cytolytic response. Preimmunization of mice with the anti-idiotypic antibody resulted in protection against a subsequent lethal infection with Sendai virus.