gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural diversity in the extracellular faces of peptidergic G-protein-coupled receptors. Molecular cloning of the mouse C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (1992)

The mouse C5a receptor gene was isolated using the human C5a receptor cDNA probe recently described (Gerard, N. P., and C. Gerard. 1991. Nature 349:614). By analogy with the human gene, the mouse homolog contains two exons with the 5' untranslated region and initiating methionine codon present in exon 1 and the remainder of the molecule in exon 2. Generation of an expressible cDNA for the mouse C5a receptor was accomplished using the polymerase chain reaction and a sense oligodeoxynucleotide primer which included an initiation codon just 5' to the sequence encoding the N-linked glycosylation site. When transfected into human 293 kidney epithelial cells the cloned cDNA directs expression of a binding site for human C5a anaphylatoxin with a binding constant of 2.5 +/- 0.3 nM; the human C5a receptor expressed under identical conditions has a Kd of 1.7 +/- 0.2 nM. Overall, the deduced amino acid sequences of the receptors are 65% identical given the analogous gene structures. Alignment of the sequences as seven transmembrane segment receptors reveals that the greatest structural diversity (approximately 70%) exists in the putative extracellular domains. In contrast, species differences among other members of this family of seven membrane-spanning receptors is generally only 10 to 20%, even for receptors whose ligands are relatively small and not expected to interact with sites on the extracellular surfaces. A high degree of structural identify is observed for the C5a receptors in the transmembrane segments and in all but one of the loops predicted to exist in the cytoplasm. Inasmuch as critical structures responsible for high affinity binding of the 74 amino acid polypeptide to both C5a receptors involve features conserved between species, these data provide the starting point for mutagenesis studies to determine the nature of the binding and activation sites for the chemotactic receptors. Additionally, these data provide a reagent for immunologic and molecular genetic studies on the role of C5a receptors in inflammatory models.
Nanoparticle-based evaluation of blood–brain barrier leakage during the foreign body response (2013)

Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the FBR-induced BBB leakage is characterized by larger gaps and is of longer duration than previously thought. This technique can be applied to examine the BBB in other disease states as well as during induced, transient, BBB opening.
Pharmacologically Regulated Regeneration of Functional Human Pancreatic Islets (2004)

Transplantation of allogeneic islets can correct the metabolic abnormalities of Type I diabetes. Limited availability of donor pancreas tissues restricts the application of this therapeutic modality to a subset of eligible recipients. In an attempt to expand the utility of available donor human pancreas tissue, we developed a method to stimulate the proliferation of insulin-secreting beta-cells within human islets. A lentiviral vector was used to introduce into human islets chimeric signaling receptors that are activated to stimulate cell proliferation through interactions with a small-molecule drug called a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID). In vitro exposure of vector-transduced human islets to the CID expanded the number of cells and increased regulated insulin secretion. Transplantation of the regenerated islets into diabetic immunodeficient mice, followed by in vivo administration of the CID, corrected hyperglycemia. This strategy has the potential to reduce the quantity of human islets required for treatment of patients with Type I diabetes.
Viral killer toxins induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in yeast (2005)

In yeast, apoptotic cell death can be triggered by various factors such as H2O2, cell aging, or acetic acid. Yeast caspase (Yca1p) and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key regulators of this process. Here, we show that moderate doses of three virally encoded killer toxins (K1, K28, and zygocin) induce an apoptotic yeast cell response, although all three toxins differ significantly in their primary killing mechanisms. In contrast, high toxin concentrations prevent the occurrence of an apoptotic cell response and rather cause necrotic, toxin-specific cell killing. Studies with Deltayca1 and Deltagsh1 deletion mutants indicate that ROS accumulation as well as the presence of yeast caspase 1 is needed for apoptosis in toxin-treated yeast cells. We conclude that in the natural environment of toxin-secreting killer yeasts, where toxin concentration is usually low, induction of apoptosis might play an important role in efficient toxin-mediated cell killing.
Low dystrophin levels in heart can delay heart failure in mdx mice (2014)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations that prevent synthesis of functional dystrophin. All patients develop dilated cardiomyopathy. Promising therapeutic approaches are underway that successfully restore dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle. However, their efficiency in the heart is limited. Improved quality and function of only skeletal muscle potentially accelerate the development of cardiomyopathy. Our study aimed to elucidate which dystrophin levels in the heart are required to prevent or delay cardiomyopathy in mice. Heart function and pathology assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analysis were compared between 2, 6 and 10-month-old female mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice, expressing low dystrophin levels (3-15%) in a mosaic manner based on skewed X-inactivation, dystrophin-negative mdx mice, and wild type mice of corresponding genetic backgrounds and gender. With age mdx mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy, whereas the onset of heart pathology was delayed and function improved in mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice. The ejection fraction, the most severely affected parameter for both ventricles, correlated to dystrophin expression and the percentage of fibrosis. Fibrosis was partly reduced from 9.8% in mdx to 5.4% in 10 month old mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice. These data suggest that mosaic expression of 4-15% dystrophin in the heart is sufficient to delay the onset and ameliorate cardiomyopathy in mice.
Recent developments in the Orbitron MASER (2003)

The Orbitron MASER can be used to produce millimeter and submillimeter radiation. Frequencies up to 1 Thz have been observed. It can be operated in a pulsed mode or in a steady-state mode, using a hot cathode. In recent experiments, the entire outer wall of the device has been used as a hot cathode. The device has also been used as a fast opening switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supervised Neural Networks for Clustering Conditions in DNA Array Data After Reducing Noise by Clustering Gene Expression Profiles (2005)

In this paper we compare various applications of supervised and unsupervised neural networks to the analysis of the gene expression profiles produced using DNA microarrays. In particular we are interested in the classification of samples or conditions. We have found that if gene expression profiles are clustered at the optimal level, the classification of conditions obtained using the average gene expression profile of each cluster is better than that obtained directly using all the gene expression profiles. If a supervised method (a back propagation neural network) is used instead of an unsupervised method, the efficiency of the classification of conditions increases. We studied the relative efficiencies of different clustering methods for reducing the dimensionality of the gene expression profile data set and found that the Self-Organising Tree Algorithm (SOTA) is a good choice for this task.
Satellite communications to mobile platforms (1971)

This paper describes a program carried out by the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory to demonstrate the feasibility of satellite communications to mobile platforms, particularly aircraft. The VHF/UHF 225-400-MHz band was selected to permit the use of simple, hemispherical coverage aircraft antennas. Experiments were carried out in 1965-1966 to establish initial feasibility by measuring the electromagnetic noise environment in this band and the nature of the multipath occurring on the link between a satellite and a nondirectional aircraft antenna. A satellite, LES-3, was orbited in 1965 to provide a propagation signal source for the latter measurements. Two satellites, LES-5 and LES-6, were orbited in 1967 and 1968, respectively, to serve as UHF repeaters for communications experiments. A multiple-access modulation system, TATS, was developed and tested in ground and aircraft environments with these satellites. In addition, a flush-mounted, crossed-slot aircraft antenna with good coverage properties was developed.
Self aligned, flip chip assembly of photonic devices with electrical and optical connections (2002)

Self-aligned flip-chip assembly using solder bump bonding has been applied to photonic circuits, resulting in several important advantages, including high precision, excellent ruggedness, and uncritical final assembly. Experiments with lithium niobate integrated optical chips and single-mode optical fibers have demonstrated that the optical coupling loss due to misalignment can be held to less than 1 dB in a fully self-aligned, multifiber assembly. The technique achieves approximately 1 mu m accuracy in optical-fiber placement without requiring micromanipulation of piece parts during final assembly, and simultaneously forms an essentially unlimited number of high-performance electrical bonds in an interconnect pattern distributed as required over the chip surface. The assemblies are compatible with a rugged environment and with hermetic packaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recombination‐deficient mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are avirulent and sensitive to the oxidative burst of macrophages (1993)

Mutations in the genes recA and recBC were constructed in the virulent Salmonella typhimurium strain 14028s. Both the recA and recBC mutants were attenuated in mice. The mutants were also sensitive to killing by macrophages in vitro. The recombination mutants were no longer macrophage sensitive in a variant line of J774 macrophage-like cells that fail to generate superoxide. This suggests that repair of DNA damage by Salmonella is necessary for full virulence in vivo and that the oxidative burst of phagocytes is one source of such DNA damage.
Nanometer‐Sized Copper Sulfide Hollow Spheres with Strong Optical‐Limiting Properties (2007)

Abstract CuS semiconductor nanometer‐sized hollow spheres are successfully synthesized by using a soft‐template method. A possible growth mechanism is proposed. The linear optical property of the CuS hollow spheres is examined by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. The optical‐limiting (OL) property of these nanostructures is characterized by using a nanosecond Q‐switched YAG laser and an optical parametric oscillator pumped with Surelite‐III. A strong OL response is detected for the CuS hollow spheres in both visible and near infrared (NIR) spectral ranges, which makes these promising materials for applications such as the protection of human eyes or as optical sensors for high‐power laser irradiation. The OL mechanism of the CuS hollow‐sphere nanostructure may be the combination of free‐carrier absorption (FCA) and nonlinear scattering.
Safety and efficacy of intranasal pirodavir (R77975) in experimental rhinovirus infection (1992)

Pirodavir (R77975) is a capsid-binding, antipicornaviral agent with in vitro activity against most rhinovirus (RV) serotypes. We conducted four double-blind, controlled trials to assess the efficacy of intranasal pirodavir in experimentally induced RV infection of susceptible volunteers. Intranasal pirodavir (2 mg per dose) or the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicle as a placebo was given by metered pump spray. In three prophylaxis trials, subjects were inoculated with RV within 10 min of the second and third doses. When sprays were given six times per day for a total of 25 doses, infection, detected by either virus shedding or seroconversion, developed in 100% of the 13 placebo-treated subjects and 58% of the 12 pirodavir-treated subjects (P = 0.015). Clinical colds developed in 54% of placebo-treated subjects and 8% of pirodavir-treated subjects during drug administration (efficacy = 85%, P = 0.03), although late-developing colds developed in several subjects in both groups. Significant reductions in morning symptom scores and in the frequency of abnormal middle-ear pressures were also found in the pirodavir group. In contrast, in two prophylaxis studies using three doses daily, no significant antiviral or clinical benefits were observed. When frequent sprays were initiated at 24 h after RV challenge, significant reductions in virus shedding but no clinical benefits were found. Intranasal pirodavir was generally well tolerated but was associated with an excess rate of transient unpleasant taste. The findings indicated that frequent intranasal sprays of pirodavir were effective in preventing experimentally induced RV illness.
Molecular analysis of metastasis in a polyomavirus middle T mouse model: the role of osteopontin (2004)

We conclude that OPN is an essential regulator of the metastatic phenotype seen in polyomavirus middle T-induced mammary tumors. Yet OPN expression alone is not sufficient to cause metastasis. These data suggest a link between metastasis and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated transcriptional upregulation of OPN, but additional phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-regulated genes may be essential in precipitating the metastasis phenotype in the polyomavirus middle T model.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene upstream of the eaeA gene of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1995)

A DNA segment located immediately upstream of the eaeA gene of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain HA1 was cloned and sequenced. This segment contained an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 156 amino acids. A database search identified similar open reading frames upstream of the eaeA gene in two other bacterial pathogens i.e. enteropathogenic E. coli and Citrobacter freundii. The predicted amino acid sequence of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli protein shared 96.8% and 94.2% identity with the enteropathogenic E. coli and C. freundii sequences, respectively. Because the open reading frame is located within the locus of enterocyte effacement region of the E. coli chromosome, a ‘hot spot’ for insertion of virulence factor genes, and shares high sequence homology with attaching and effacing EPEC and C. freundii, this protein may be associated with pathogenicity of E. coli O157:H7.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Intergroup (M/O) Recombination in Cameroon (1999)

Here we describe, for the first time, recombinants between two highly divergent major groups of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), M and O, within a Cameroonian woman infected with three different HIV-1 strains, a group O virus, a subtype D virus, and a recently reported IBNG (A/G)-like recombinant virus. Using nested extra-long PCR amplification, we sequenced from the pol region to the env region including accessory genes of the viral genome obtained from the patient's uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells and examined the phylogenetic position of each gene. Compared with sequential blood samples obtained in 1995 and 1996, there were multiple segmental exchanges between three HIV-1 strains (O, D, and IBNG) and all the recombinants appeared to be derived from a common M/O ancestor. Importantly, recombination between groups M and O occurred, even though the homology between these two groups is 69, 76, 68, and 55% in the gag, pol, vif-vpr, and env regions, respectively. Recombination between strains with such distant lineages may contribute substantially to generating new HIV-1 variants.
Nucleotides. Part XXXIX Synthesis of arabinonucleoside phosphoramidite building blocks (1993)

Abstract High‐yield chemical syntheses of phosphoramidite building blocks of the four arabinonucleosides aUrd ( 1 ), aCyd ( 2 ), aAdo ( 3 ), and aGuo ( 4 ), suitable for (3′–5′)oligoarabinonucleotide synthesis are described. The problem of 2′‐hydroxy group protection was solved by introduction of the versatile 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (npeoc) residue, which was also used for aglycon protection.
Physical compatibility of neonatal total parenteral nutrition admixtures containing organic calcium and inorganic phosphate salts in a simulated infusion at 37°C* (2009)

Low AA concentrations and high temperatures are significant risk factors for the precipitation of the insoluble dibasic calcium phosphate that may be fatal upon intravenous infusion. When thermoregulation is required, the AA concentration of the TPN formula should not be less than 1.5 g/dL (and ideally > or =3 g/dL) when high intakes of calcium (60 mg/dL) and phosphate (46.5 mg/dL) are prescribed.
Self-Assembly through Hydrogen Bonding: Peripheral Crowding - A New Strategy for the Preparation of Stable Supramolecular Aggregates Based on Parallel, Connected CA3.cntdot.M3 Rosettes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembly through Hydrogen Bonding: Peripheral Crowding - A New Strategy for the Preparation of Stable Supramolecular Aggregates Based on Parallel, Connected CA3.cntdot.M3 RosettesJohn P. Mathias, Eric E. Simanek, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4326–4340Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views713Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibodies in rabbits inoculated with a particulate antigen (Salmonella typhimurium). (1983)

Agglutinating and non-agglutinating anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibodies were specifically purified from the sera of immunized rabbits. Both types of antibody had the same electrophoretic mobility and were localized in the IgG fraction. It was not possible to find antigenic differences between agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibodies by immunodiffusion. Agglutinating antibody activated the complement system, while non-agglutinating antibody lacked this capacity. Only the former increased clearance of antigen from the blood. When serum samples with different antibody titres determined by agglutination (agglutinating antibody) and Coombs test (non-agglutinating antibody) were injected in mice, clearance of antigen from the blood showed changes. These results were similar to those previously observed by us when different precipitating: co-precipitating antibody ratios were used, and indicated that competition of both antibodies for the antigen depends on their respective amounts. When mice protection tests were set up by injection of agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibody before the inoculation of 10 LD(50) S. typhimurium, non-agglutinating antibody was found to be less effective than agglutinating antibody. Non-agglutinating antibody was detectable during the whole course of immunization. Its serum concentration was higher than that of the agglutinating antibody. Non-agglutinating antibody behaves in a similar way to co-precipitating antibody. The initially proposed hypothesis that such antibodies could interfere with immunity to certain chronic infections was extended to include the non-agglutinating antibodies demonstrated here.
Cloning of DNA complementary to the measles virus mRNA encoding nucleocapsid protein. (1980)

Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from total poly(A)-containing mRNA, extracted from monkey cells infected with measles virus, has been inserted into Pst cleavage site of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 and cloned. A clone containing measles virus DNA sequences was identified by hybridization to a measles virus-specific 32P-labeled cDNA probe prepared from the mRNA of measles virus-infected cells. Cellular sequences in the probe were neutralized by prehybridization with an excess of unlabeled mRNA from uninfected monkey cells. The insert of cloned cDNA isolated contans 1420 base pairs, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The size of the mRNA complementary to this cloned cDNA is 1750 nucleotides, as determined by the reverse Southern technique. The cloned DNA fragment was further identified as the reverse transcript of the mRNA coding for the nucleocapsid protein of measles virus on the basis that the major cell-free translation product of mRNA selected by hybridization to the cloned DNA comigrated with the nucleocapsid protein and was immunoprecipitated by measles virus-specific antibodies. Subsequently, the cloned DNA was used to detect specific measles virus sequences in the poly(A)-RNA extracted from brain autopsy material from a patient with subacute sclerosing panecephalitis. The cloned DNA can thus be used as a probe to study the structure and expression of the measles genome, and in particular, to study diseases of the central nervous system in which persistent infection with measles virus has been implicated.