gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Costimulation of CD28- T lymphocytes by 4-1BB ligand (1997)

The interaction of the T cell surface protein CD28 with its ligand, B7-1 or B7-2, provides a critical costimulatory signal for T cell activation. T cells from CD28- mice are deficient in a variety of responses, including those to lectins and allogeneic spleen cells. However, some immune responses do occur in CD28- mice, suggesting the existence of alternate costimulatory pathways. In this work, we show that T cells purified from CD28- mice respond to B lymphomas expressing 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), a member of the TNF gene family. This response is inhibited by a soluble form of 4-1BB, the T cell surface receptor for 4-1BBL. Thus, 4-1BBL/4-1BB interaction provides costimulatory signals to T cells independent of signaling through the CD28 receptor. We find that 4-1BBL is inducible on splenic B cells by CD40 ligand/CD40 interaction or by culturing of splenic dendritic cells, treatments that also induce B7 family molecules. CD28- T cells fail to respond in an MLR to resting allogeneic spleen cells. However, treatment of spleen cells with CD40 ligand renders them competent in activation of CD28- T cells. In contrast to results using B lymphomas as APC, soluble 4-1BB fails to inhibit the T cell response to activated spleen cells. This failure of soluble 4-1BB to block an MLR between CD28+ or CD28- T cells and allogeneic spleen cells is in contrast to a previous report with CD28+ cells.
PCR-based gene synthesis as an efficient approach for expression of the A+T-rich malaria genome (1999)

The A+T-rich genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum encodes genes of biological importance that cannot be expressed efficiently in heterologous eukaryotic systems, owing to an extremely biased codon usage and the presence of numerous cryptic polyadenylation sites. In this work we have optimized an assembly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the fast and extremely accurate synthesis of a 2.1 kb Plasmodium falciparum gene (pfsub-1) encoding a subtilisin-like protease. A total of 104 oligonucleotides, designed with the aid of dedicated computer software, were assembled in a single-step PCR. The assembly was then further amplified by PCR to produce a synthetic gene which has been cloned and successfully expressed in both Pichia pastoris and recombinant baculovirus-infected High Five(TM) cells. We believe this strategy to be of special interest as it is simple, accessible and has no limitation with respect to the size of the gene to be synthesized. Used as a systematic approach for the malarial genome or any other A + T-rich organism, the method allows the rapid synthesis of a nucleotide sequence optimized for expression in the system of choice and production of sufficiently large amounts of biological material for complete molecular and structural characterization.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding the alpha-subunit of human electron transfer flavoprotein. (1988)

cDNAs encoding the precursor of the alpha-subunit of human electron transfer flavoprotein (p alpha-ETF) were cloned and sequenced. The cDNAs span 1,300 base pairs and include the entire coding region of 333 amino acids. The identity of the p alpha-ETF clones was confirmed by hybrid selected translation, by transcription/translation of a cDNA, and by mitochondrial processing of the protein produced by these translations. The identity of the cDNA clones was further confirmed by matching the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs to amino acid sequences determined from seven tryptic peptides prepared from purified rat alpha-subunit of electron transfer flavoprotein (alpha-ETF). Ninety-eight of 105 amino acids from these rat alpha-ETF tryptic peptides matched with those deduced from the human cDNAs. The seven amino acid substitutions are presumably due to species difference. The calculated molecular weight of the human alpha-ETF precursor was 35,084. The amino-terminal amino acid of the mature protein could not be determined by amino-terminal sequencing, presumably due to blockage and, therefore, an accurate molecular weight of mature alpha-ETF could not be calculated. The molecular sizes of the precursor and mature alpha-ETF have been estimated to be 35 and 32 kDa, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 release from human leukocytes. (2003)

Although proteinases are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD, the mechanism of proteinase release from inflammatory cells has not been thoroughly clarified. We examined matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) release from human leukocytes using soluble agonists such as C5a, FMLP, and PAF. Mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils isolated from human leukocytes were incubated with C5a, FMLP, or PAF for 20 min. MMP-9 in supernatants was measured by ELISA. Among mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, MMP-9 was released mainly from neutrophils. FMLP was the most effective stimulus of MMP-9 release from neutrophils among three agonists: C5a, FMLP, and PAF. GM-CSF clearly enhanced FMLP-induced MMP-9 release. Pretreatment of neutrophils with pertussis toxin (PTX) resulted in the inhibition of FMLP-induced MMP-9 release, indicating the contribution of PTX-sensitive G-proteins to intracellular signal transduction in FMLP-induced MMP-9 release. These results suggest that neutrophils release large amounts of MMP-9 in response to FMLP, which is a bacterial product analogue. It cannot be excluded that MMP-9 released from neutrophils may be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD.
Suppression of Geometric Component of Charge Pumping Current in Thin Film Silicon on Insulator Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (1998)

A new reverse pulse method is proposed for precise measurement of charge pumping current in silicon on insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SOI MOSFETs), where the reverse pulse voltage is applied to the body only at the gate voltage rise time. The majority carries of the high resistive body region can be completely removed by applying the reverse pulse to the body. Therefore, the undesirable, geometry-dependent component which causes imprecise measurement of the interface trap density on SOI MOSFETs is suppressed. This method also suppresses the reduction of effective channel length which takes place when using a DC reverse bias. It is demonstrated that the accurate measurements of the interface density on SOI MOSFETs are possible.
A Member of the Sugar Transporter Family, Stl1p Is the Glycerol/H+Symporter inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2005)

Glycerol and other polyols are used as osmoprotectants by many organisms. Several yeasts and other fungi can take up glycerol by proton symport. To identify genes involved in active glycerol uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae we screened a deletion mutant collection comprising 321 genes encoding proteins with 6 or more predicted transmembrane domains for impaired growth on glycerol medium. Deletion of STL1, which encodes a member of the sugar transporter family, eliminates active glycerol transport. Stl1p is present in the plasma membrane in S. cerevisiae during conditions where glycerol symport is functional. Both the Stl1 protein and the active glycerol transport are subject to glucose-induced inactivation, following identical patterns. Furthermore, the Stl1 protein and the glycerol symporter activity are strongly but transiently induced when cells are subjected to osmotic shock. STL1 was heterologously expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a yeast that does not contain its own active glycerol transport system. In S. pombe, STL1 conferred the ability to take up glycerol against a concentration gradient in a proton motive force-dependent manner. We conclude that the glycerol proton symporter in S. cerevisiae is encoded by STL1.
Development of Anatomically Realistic Numerical Breast Phantoms With Accurate Dielectric Properties for Modeling Microwave Interactions With the Human Breast (2008)

Computational electromagnetics models of microwave interactions with the human breast serve as an invaluable tool for exploring the feasibility of new technologies and improving design concepts related to microwave breast cancer detection and treatment. In this paper, we report the development of a collection of anatomically realistic 3-D numerical breast phantoms of varying shape, size, and radiographic density which can readily be used in finite-difference time-domain computational electromagnetics models. The phantoms are derived from T1-weighted MRIs of prone patients. Each MRI is transformed into a uniform grid of dielectric properties using several steps. First, the structure of each phantom is identified by applying image processing techniques to the MRI. Next, the voxel intensities of the MRI are converted to frequency-dependent and tissue-dependent dielectric properties of normal breast tissues via a piecewise-linear map. The dielectric properties of normal breast tissue are taken from the recently completed large-scale experimental study of normal breast tissue dielectric properties conducted by the Universities of Wisconsin and Calgary. The comprehensive collection of numerical phantoms is made available to the scientific community through an online repository.
Long-term hyperalimentation (1994)

During this review period, outcome data relating to long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) were reported in both adult and pediatric patients from the United States and Europe. Several diagnostic categories including inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis, cancer, hyperemesis gravidarum, and pediatrics were discussed and issues pertaining to complications associated with long-term therapy for, in particular, metabolic bone disease and liver disease were reviewed. Choline and taurine supplements have been demonstrated to reverse hepatic steatosis, while catheter-related sepsis continues to be reported and appears to be more prevalent in pediatric patients and the immunocompromised, However, conflicting data were published regarding the HPN complication rate in patients with AIDS. Several case reports described serious complications associated with thiamine deficiency in patients not receiving vitamin supplements. Future developments in long-term HPN should address the role of new substrates such as alternative fat sources, including medium-chain triglycerides, structured lipids, and fish oils and the requirement for and provision of conditionally essential nutrients, eg, glutamine, arginine, taurine, choline, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. In particular, health care reform and limited resources will drive the demand for objective outcome data especially in patients with a short-term prognosis.
New Antibody Conjugates in Cancer Therapy (2010)

Targeting of radiation, drugs, and protein toxins to cancers selectively with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been a topic of considerable interest and an area of continued development. Radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) of lymphoma using directly labeled MAbs is of current interest after approval of two radiolabeled anti-CD20 MAbs, as illustrated with the near 100% overall response rate obtained in a recent clinical trial using an investigational radiolabeled anti-CD22 MAb, 90Y-epratuzumab. The advantage of pretargeted RAIT over directly labeled MAbs is continuing to be validated in preclinical models of lymphoma and solid tumors. Importantly, the advantages of combining RAIT with radiation sensitizers, with immunotherapy, or a drug conjugate targeting a different antigen are being studied clinically and preclinically. The area of drug-conjugated antibodies is progressing with encouraging data published for the trastuzumab-DM1 conjugate in a phase I clinical trial in HER2-positive breast cancer. The Dock-and-Lock platform technology has contributed to the design and the evaluation of complex antibody-cytokine and antibody-toxin conjugates. This review describes the advances made in these areas, with illustrations taken from advances made in the authors' institutions.
Rapid purification of mammalian 70,000-dalton stress proteins: affinity of the proteins for nucleotides. (1985)

A new and rapid purification procedure has been developed for the mammalian 70,000-dalton (70-kDa) heat-shock (or stress) proteins. Both the constitutive 73-kDa protein and the stress-induced 72-kDa protein have been purified by a two-step procedure employing DE52 ion-exchange chromatography followed by affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose. The two proteins, present in approximately equal amounts in either the 12,000 X g supernatant or pellet of hypotonically lysed heat-shock-treated HeLa cells, were found to copurify in relatively homogenous form. The purified proteins were covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the fluorescently labeled proteins were introduced back into living rat embryo fibroblasts via microinjection. The microinjected cells maintained at 37 degrees C showed only diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescence. After heat-shock treatment of the cells, fluorescence was observed throughout the nucleus and more prominently within the nucleolus. This result is consistent with our earlier indirect immunofluorescence studies which showed a nuclear and nucleolar distribution of the endogenous 72-kDa stress protein in heat-shock-treated mammalian cells. The result also indicates that, for at least the 72-kDa protein, (i) the protein has been purified in apparently "native" form and (ii) its nucleolar distribution is stress dependent.
Individualized monitoring of drug bioavailability and immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with the tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor infliximab (2006)

Development of anti-infliximab antibodies, heralded by low preinfusion serum infliximab levels, is associated with increased risk of infusion reaction and treatment failure. Early monitoring may help optimize dosing regimens for individual patients, diminish side effects, and prevent prolonged use of inadequate infliximab therapy.
Estrone, Estradiol-17β and Progesterone Concentrations in Uterine Lymph and Systemic Blood throughout the Porcine Estrous Cycle (1983)

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of estrone (E1, pg/ml), estradiol-17β (E2β, pg/ml) and progesterone (P4, ng/ml) in uterine lymph (UL) and systemic blood (SB) throughout the estrous cycle of gilts. Eighteen gilts were assigned randomly to surgery on d 0 or 1 (n = 5), 5 (n = 4), 11 (n = 5) or 15 (n = 4) postestrus (first day of estrus = d 0). At surgery a catheter was inserted into a uterine lymphatic closely associated with a main branch of the middle uterine artery supplying one uterine horn, above the anastomosis of the ovarian and uterine lymphatic systems. Lymph was allowed to flow continuously into a heparinized collection tube, which was replaced at 12-h intervals (1200 and 2400 h) until the loss of catheter patency (∽ 5 d). The two lymph samples collected daily from each gilt were pooled, and this pool was considered as the observation for that animal for that day. Systemic blood was collected via vena cava puncture at 1200 h on each day that lymph was obtained. Lymph and blood plasma were stored at -20 C until assayed for E1, E2β and P4. Concentrations of E1 E2β and P4 in UL were correlated (P<.01) with concentrations of the same steroid in SB throughout the estrous cycle (r = .61, .84 and .90, respectively). However, E1 and E2β were higher (P<.01) and P4 was lower (P<.01) in UL than in SB. The ratio of estrogen (E1 + E2β to P4 on a pg to ng basis, designated E:P4, was greater during the follicular phase (5 d before estrus to 3 d postestrus) than during the luteal phase (d 4 to d 15 postestrus) of the estrous cycle in UL (19 vs 3.3) and SB (4 vs .3). These data demonstrate that concentrations of E1, E2β and P4 in UL are highly correlated with concentrations of these ovarian steroids in SB throughout the porcine estrous cycle; however, the E:P4 ratio is markedly higher in UL than in SB.
Pacs: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems in Biomedical Imaging (1996)

Digital image fundamentals image acquisition - conventional projection radiography image acquisition - sectional imaging automatic acquisition interfaces image compression and reconstruction PACS infrastructure database-architecture and design network station design planning a digital radiology department PACS modules, components, and large scale PACS projects.
Preparation of bioactive Ti and its alloys via simple chemical surface treatment (1996)

A simple chemical method was established for inducing bioactivity of Ti and its alloys. When pure Ti, Ti-6A1-4V, Ti-6A1-2Nb-Ta, and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3A1 substrates were treated with 10M NaOH aqueous solution and subsequently heat-treated at 600 degrees C, a thin sodium titanate layer was formed on their surfaces. Thus, treated substrates formed a dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. This indicates that the alkali- and heat-treated metals bond to living bone through the bonelike apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. The apatite formation on the surfaces of Ti and its alloys was assumed to be induced by a hydrated titania which was formed by an ion exchange of the alkali ion in the alkali titanate layer and the hydronium ion in SBF. The resultant surface structure changed gradually from the outermost apatite layer to the inner Ti and its alloys through a hydrated titania and titanium oxide layers. This provides not only the strong bonding of the apatite layer to the substrates but also a uniform gradient of stress transfer from bone to the implants. The present chemical surface modification is therefore expected to allow the use the bioactive Ti and its alloys as artificial bones even under load-bearing conditions.
Tyrosine kinase drug discovery: what can be learned from solved crystal structures? (2006)

Understanding molecular recognition during ligand binding is crucial for rational drug design. Protein kinases are a well known pharmacological target, especially in the therapeutic area of cancer. Solved crystal structures of tyrosine kinase domains in complex with ligands deliver insight into the binding event. These experimental data were collected and analysed by means of molecular modelling techniques. Common molecular recognition patterns were depicted and studied among this class of proteins. The results of this analysis and the consequences for rational design of inhibitors are presented.
On the Passage of High-Level Pulsed Radio Frequency Interference Through a Nonlinear Satellite Transponder (1984)

Under examination in this paper is the uncoded bit error rate (BER) performance of a satellite communications system in which the modulation scheme is binary PSK, the transponder contains an arbitrary amplitude nonlinearity, and high-level pulsed radio frequency interference (RFI) is present. The RFI may be characterized as either pulsed Gaussian noise or pulsed CW, with the burst duration shorter than that of the information bit and arrivals assumed to follow a Poisson law. Of special significance is the fact that a general approach is presented for direct BER evaluations; this is in contrast to other approaches which may, for example, employ signal-to-noise ratio suppression factors. Computed results are based on arbitrarily specified RFI scenarios and the presence of one of three amplitude nonlinearities-hard limiter, clipper, or blanker. In the context of these three specific nonlinearities, performance curves demonstrate the superiority of an appropriately chosen blanker when the RFI environment is particularly severe. Comparisons between hard limiting and clipping are also made. Additional results examine performance sensitivity to information bit rate, variations in signal power, and the ratio of CW to noise content. With respect to the latter, CW effects are found to be most severe.
Dietary Nucleotides Reverse Malnutrition and Starvation-Induced Immunosuppression (1990)

The requirement of dietary nucleotide sources for maximal helper T-cell function has been demonstrated. The effect of dietary nucleotide restriction was tested during two forms of nutritional stress: starvation and protein malnutrition. In the starvation model, mice were fed chow diet, nucleotide free or nucleotide free supplemented with 0.25% yeast RNA, for at least 4 weeks. The animals were then starved for 5 days, at which time they were killed and mitogen assays were performed using spleen cells. Animals previously maintained on the nucleotide-free diet supplemented with RNA showed a significant increase in spontaneous concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blastogenesis. Protein malnutrition was induced by feeding Balb/c mice a protein-free diet for 7 to 10 days. These mice then received either the protein-free diet, the nucleotide-free diet, or the nucleotide-free diet supplemented with 0.25% yeast RNA. Popliteal lymph node assays were then performed. The chow diet, nucleotide-free diet, and nucleotide-free diet supplemented with 0.25% yeast RNA led to a restoration of body weight, but only the chow and supplemented diets restored significant popliteal lymph node immune reactivity. These studies using starvation and protein-malnutrition models clearly indicate the nutritional role of nucleotides in the maintenance and restoration of the immune response.
In vivo cardiotonic activity of pyridylmethylene-2-indolinones. (1998)

The synthesis of 5-chloro-3-pyridylmethylene-2-indolinone is reported. This compound was subjected to an in vivo cardiotonic assay with 10 analogs whose synthesis and in vitro cardiotonic activity were previously reported. All the compounds tested (except the 5-hydroxyindole derivative) showed significant positive inotropic activity. The 3-pyridyl derivative without substituents at the indole system was the most active of the whole series.
Monolayer-CappedCubicPlatinum Nanoparticles for Sensing Nonpolar Analytes in Highly Humid Atmospheres (2010)

We report on the feasibility of cubic Pt nanoparticles (NPs) capped with four representative organic ligands, viz. oleylamine (ODA), 11-mercaptoundecanol, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, and benzylmercaptan, for sensing gaseous nonpolar analytes in humid atmospheres. Chemiresistors based on cubic Pt NPs with nonpolar ligands show a very large increase in resistance upon exposure to nonpolar analyte vapors, combined with a low sensitivity to polar analyte vapors, especially to water. The sensing mechanism can be understood in terms of analyte-induced changes in the NP−NP core distance and changes in the permittivity of the medium between the NPs. The sensing capabilities of the Pt NP chemiresistors for nonpolar molecules in highly humid atmospheres are demonstrated by dosing an ODA-capped cubic Pt NP sensor with air mixtures containing low octane concentrations and high humidity levels that are typical for many applications. The simple construction, low cost, stability, fast response, and high sensitivity to nonpolar molecules, together with the low sensitivity to water vapor, are promising features for sensing applications in real confounding atmospheres.