gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity Coefficients of Nonelectrolyte Solutes in Aqueous Salt Solutions. (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivity Coefficients of Nonelectrolyte Solutes in Aqueous Salt Solutions.F. A. Long and W. F. McDevitCite this: Chem. Rev. 1952, 51, 1, 119–169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60158a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2450Altmetric-Citations642LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Novel Method of Tooth Whitening Using Cold Plasma Microjet Driven by Direct Current in Atmospheric-Pressure Air (2010)

We reported in this paper the tooth-whitening effect by a direct-current cold atmospheric-pressure air plasma microjet (PMJ) and saline solution (0.9%). All teeth were randomly divided into three groups, treated for 20 min with an air blow and saline solution, a PMJ and saline solution, and 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, respectively. Compared with the other groups, the teeth treated with the PMJ and saline solution showed the best tooth-whitening effect. The microhardness of the tooth enamel measurement showed no apparent differences among the three groups. A minor enamel surface morphological change was observed via SEM but was considered acceptable. Singlet oxygen ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and hydroxyl (*OH) radicals were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Atomic oxygen (O) was observed in the optical emission spectra of the PMJ. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , *OH, and O were considered to be the key agents during the tooth-whitening process. This novel method of tooth whitening has the potential to revolutionize the clinical tooth-whitening procedure.
Using semantic networks for data base management (1975)

This paper presents a semantic model of data bases. The model assumes the availability of a semantic network storing knowledge about a data base and a set of attributes for the data base. The use of the semantic net in generating a relational schema for the data base, in defining a set of semantic operators and in maintaining the data base consistent is then demonstrated.
Hyperlinked television research at the MIT Media Laboratory (2000)

In hyperlinked video, objects are selectable—resulting in an associated action—akin to linked words or graphics on Web pages. Possible venues for hyperlinked video include broadcast television, streaming video (e.g., video on the Internet or other forms of video-on-demand systems), and published media such as DVD (digital versatile disc). Hyperlinked video offers new interaction possibilities with streaming media and the opportunity to move electronic commerce from the personal computer to the television receiver while making it more dynamic and engaging. In this paper we examine some opportunities and challenges of hyperlinked video, describe an object tracking and identification algorithm and an authoring tool we have developed, and discuss two prototype hyperlinked television programs—one an augmented broadcast and one a video-on-demand application.
High-quantum-efficiency Er^3+ fiber lasers pumped at 980 nm (1989)

Significant improvements in the operation of Er(3+)-doped silica fiber lasers operating at wavelengths between 1.5 and 1.6 microm are reported. The use of 980 nm as the pump wavelength provides an output that is limited mainly by the quantum efficiency of the lasing process. It is thus considerably more efficient than previous results using ~810-nm pumping, where excited-state absorption degrades the lasing performance. Operation at three discrete output wavelengths is observed and is accounted for by studying gain across the lasing bandwidth.
Why the Next Song Matters: Streaming, Recommendation, Scarcity (2018)

Abstract This article explores how human curation and algorithmic recommendation are figured in cloud-based streaming platforms. In promoting their services as alternatives to illicit file-sharing, platforms such as Spotify, Deezer, and Apple Music have long touted the access they provide to a massive database of music. Yet the effectiveness of appeals to musical plenitude have been thrown into doubt, as high rates of user turnover threaten streaming's economic viability. Curation and recommendation have thus been posited as solutions to this problem, as means of producing and reproducing consumer desire. By attending to the fantasies woven around streaming and music recommendation more specifically, this article highlights the peculiar form of subjectivation at work in the way recommendation hails listeners. The normative listener constructed through such modes of hyper-personalized address is ideally one that is as dynamic and adaptive as the algorithmic systems that adjust to their fluctuating needs, dispositions, and desires.
Blockade of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in cats (1996)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been shown to play an important role in myocardial ischemia (MI) and reperfusion (R) injury. Since blockade of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecules (PECAM-1) inhibits neutrophil transmigration in vitro and in vivo, the effects of a polygonal Ab directed against PECAM-1 were examined in a feline model of Ml/R. We established cross-reactivity of our anti-human PECAM-1 Ab to cat coronary vasculature and neutrophils by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The anti-PECAM-1 Ab markedly blocked leukocyte transmigration into the peritoneal cavity of cats after glycogen-induced peritonitis. Then, anti-PECAM-1 Ab (1 mg/kg) was tested to determine whether it attenuates MI/R injury in a well characterized feline model of Ml and R. Anti-PECAM-1 Ab administered 10 min before R significantly inhibited the myocardial necrosis seen 4.5 h post-R compared with that in MI/R cats treated with control isotype rabbit IgG (12 +/- 2 vs 29 +/- 4% of area at risk; p less than 0.01) and significantly attenuated the rise in plasma creatine kinase activity (p less than 0.05). The Ab did not prevent increases in cardiac myeloperoxidase activity within the affected regions and did not significantly inhibit autologous neutrophil adhesion to coronary endothelium after stimulation of either neutrophils (by leukotriene B4) or coronary endothelium (by thrombin) in vitro. These results indicate that in vivo blockade of PECAM-1 significantly attenuates MI/R injury, presumably by inhibiting transendothelial migration of neutrophils.
TDP‐43 mutation in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Accumulating evidence has shown that 43kDa TAR-DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) is the disease protein in ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We previously reported a familial ALS with Bumina bodies and TDP-43-positive skein-like inclusions in the lower motor neurons; these findings are indistinguishable from those of sporadic ALS. In three affected individuals in two generations of one family, we found a single base-pair change from A to G at position 1028 in TDP-43, which resulted in a Gln-to-Arg substitution at position 343. Our findings provide a new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ALS.
Development and postnatal regulation of adult myoblasts (1995)

The myogenic precursor cells of postnatal and adult skeletal muscle are situated underneath the basement membrane of the myofibers. It is because of their unique positions that these precursor cells are often referred to as satellite cells. Such defined satellite cells can first be detected following the formation of a distinct basement membrane around the fiber, which takes place in late stages of embryogenesis. Like myoblasts found during development, satellite cells can proliferate, differentiate, and fuse into myofibers. However, in the normal, uninjured adult muscle, satellite cells are mitotically quiescent. In recent years several important questions concerning the biology of satellite cells have been asked. One aspect has been the relationship between satellite cells and myoblasts found in the developing muscle: are these myogenic populations identical or different? Another aspect has been the physiological cues that control the quiescent, proliferative, and differentiative states of these myogenic precursors: what are the growth regulators and how do they function? These issues are discussed, referring to previous work by others and further emphasizing our own studies on avian and rodent satellite cells. Collectively, the studies presented indicate that satellite cells represent a distinct myogenic population that becomes dominant in late stages of embryogenesis. Moreover, although satellite cells are already destined to be myogenic precursors, they do not express any of the four known myogenic regulatory genes unless their activation is induced in the animal or in culture. Furthermore, multiple growth factors are important regulators of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Our work on the role of one of these growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)] during proliferation of adult myoblasts is further discussed with greater detail and the possibility that PDGF is involved in the transition from fetal to adult myoblasts in late embryogenesis is brought forward.
Organization of rabbit immunoglobulin genes. I. Structure and multiplicity of germ-line VH genes. (1985)

Two rabbit germ-line VH gene segments have been isolated from a recombinant phage DNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that both of the genes share structural and regulatory features common to mouse and human VH genes, although one appears to be a pseudogene. Comparison of the protein sequences encoded by these genes to the protein sequences of rabbit immunoglobulin V regions indicates that both genes encode VH a-negative-like molecules. Quantitative genomic blot analysis with a VH probe capable of recognizing most, if not all, germ-line VH genes indicates that there are approximately 100 VH genes in the haploid genome of rabbits. The average spacing between the germ-line VH genes was determined to be approximately 6 kb. The molecular basis for the allelic inheritance of rabbit VH allotypes is discussed in view of the structural organization of germ-line VH genes.
Transformations to optimize the superposition of similar structures (1979)

A simple, efficient and general method is described for finding the linear orthogonal transformation to superpose two similar structures given by sets of equivalent points, usually atomic position vectors. Formulae are also given for extracting the independent variables of rotation from the resulting transformation matrix. In addition, general transformations are derived, both in the case of proper rotation and in the case of rotatory inversion, to convert to a molecular frame of reference based on the superposition axis of symmetry.
A decision-theoretic approach to fuzzy behavior coordination (2003)

We propose a novel approach to behavior-based control, which combines fuzzy logic with multiobjective decision theory. Fuzzy logic provides powerful tools for formulating sophisticated behavior-based systems for robot control. However, it suffers from problems associated with resolving behavioral conflicts, which are mainly due to the deficiencies of fuzzy inference techniques. Hence, we propose to formulate the inference mechanism using a multiobjective decision-theoretic approach, which provides formal tools for behavior coordination and resolving conflicts in a principled manner. Preliminary experimental results are reported.
Phenotypic comparison of natural killer cells from peripheral blood and from early pregnancy decidua. (1997)

In this descriptive flow cytometric study we analyzed the phenotype of human large granular lymphocytes from the decidua (DLGL) of first-trimester pregnancy. Expression of CD56 at high density on DLGL suggests a relationship to the small CD56bright+ subpopulation of peripheral blood natural killer (PBNK) cells. In comparison, these cell types differ in respect to the expression of a variety of adhesion molecules and receptors implicated in homing, migration and activation. In contrast to CD56bright+ PBNK cells, DLGL were still brighter for CD56 and show higher expression for CD29 and CD45RO. Less expression was found for CD15s, CD43, CD44, CD45RA, CD62L and HLA-DR. CD11a to c and CD18 were distributed in bimodal form on DLGL, part of the cells being negative. In summary, we found considerable differences between the cell surface marker profiles of DLGL and PBNK cells (subpopulations of the latter being separately analyzed).
Acyl Carriers Used as Substrates by the Desaturases and Elongases Involved in Very Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis Reconstituted in Yeast (2003)

The health benefits attributed to very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the long term goal to produce them in transgenic oilseed crops have led to the cloning of all the genes coding for the desaturases and elongases involved in their biosynthesis. The encoded activities have been confirmed in vivo by heterologous expression, but very little is known about the actual acyl substrates involved in these pathways. Using a Delta 6-elongase and front-end desaturases from different organisms, we have reconstituted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid from exogenously supplied linoleic acid in order to identify these acyl carriers. Acyl-CoA measurements strongly suggest that the elongation step involved in polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis is taking place within the acyl-CoA pool. In contrast, detailed analyses of lipids revealed that the two desaturation steps (Delta 5 and Delta 6) occur predominantly at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine when using Delta 5- and Delta 6-desaturases from lower plants, fungi, worms, and algae. The specificity of these Delta 6-desaturases for the fatty acid acylated at this particular position as well as a limiting re-equilibration with the acyl-CoA pool result in the accumulation of gamma-linolenic acid at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine and prevent efficient arachidonic acid biosynthesis in yeast. We confirm by using a similar experimental approach that, in contrast, the human Delta 6-desaturase uses linoleoyl-CoA as substrate, which results in high efficiency of the subsequent elongation step. In addition, we report that Delta 12-desaturases have no specificity toward the lipid polar headgroup or the sn-position.
Synthetic texturing using digital filters (1980)

Aliasing artifacts are eliminated from computer generated images of textured polygons by equivalently filtering both the texture and the edges of the polygons. Different filters can be easily compared because the weighting functions that define the shape of the filters are pre-computed and stored in lookup tables. A polygon subdivision algorithm removes the hidden surfaces so that the polygons are rendered sequentially to minimize accessing the texture definition files. An implementation of the texture rendering procedure is described.
Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM (1997)

A rapid synchronization method is presented for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system using either a continuous transmission or a burst operation over a frequency-selective channel. The presence of a signal can be detected upon the receipt of just one training sequence of two symbols. The start of the frame and the beginning of the symbol can be found, and carrier frequency offsets of many subchannels spacings can be corrected. The algorithms operate near the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the variance of the frequency offset estimate, and the inherent averaging over many subcarriers allows acquisition at very low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
UNRAVELING THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN MOTOR NEURON DEGENERATION IN ALS (2004)

Although Charcot described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) more than 130 years ago, the mechanism underlying the characteristic selective degeneration and death of motor neurons in this common adult motor neuron disease has remained a mystery. There is no effective remedy for this progressive, fatal disorder. Modern genetics has now identified mutations in one gene [Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1)] as a primary cause and implicated others [encoding neurofilaments, cytoplasmic dynein and its processivity factor dynactin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] as contributors to, or causes of, motor neuron diseases. These insights have enabled development of model systems to test hypotheses of disease mechanism and potential therapies. Along with errors in the handling of synaptic glutamate and the potential excitotoxic response this provokes, these model systems highlight the involvement of nonneuronal cells in disease progression and provide new therapeutic strategies.
Nanosized CdSe Particles Synthesized by an Air Pressure Solution Process Using Ethylene‐Glycol‐Based Solvent (2010)

Nanosized CdSe particles were synthesized at a temperature of 115°–175°C by a solution method with air pressure condition. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used as the main solvent and sodium selenite and cadmium nitrate‐tetrahydrate as inorganic sources. The influence of refluxing temperature and time on growth morphology and crystallization was investigated by transmission electron microscope, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction. The chemical reaction was deducted based on X‐ray photoelectron spectra. The optical absorption property was measured by UV‐vis. The CdSe nanoparticles synthesized through this EG solvent system was single wurtzite crystallization and had a nanoscale size below 15 nm diameter with a narrow size distribution. The reduction of Se 4+ →Se 0 →Se 2− and the disproportionation of Se 0 occurred during the synthetic process and dominated the chemical reaction.
Differential Expression of Fourteen Proteins between Uveal Melanoma from Patients Who Subsequently Developed Distant Metastases versus Those Who Did Not (2012)

Proteomic analysis identified proteins differentially expressed in uveal melanoma that will subsequently metastasize, some of which appear to have a functional role in invasion. These results may contribute to better predictive tests (along with genetic analysis) and to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Crowd Counting with Deep Negative Correlation Learning (2018)

Deep convolutional networks (ConvNets) have achieved unprecedented performances on many computer vision tasks. However, their adaptations to crowd counting on single images are still in their infancy and suffer from severe over-fitting. Here we propose a new learning strategy to produce generalizable features by way of deep negative correlation learning (NCL). More specifically, we deeply learn a pool of decorrelated regressors with sound generalization capabilities through managing their intrinsic diversities. Our proposed method, named decorrelated ConvNet (D-ConvNet), is end-to-end-trainable and independent of the backbone fully-convolutional network architectures. Extensive experiments on very deep VGGNet as well as our customized network structure indicate the superiority of D-ConvNet when compared with several state-of-the-art methods. Our implementation will be released at https://github.com/shizenglin/Deep-NCL.
Lidocaine Block of LQT-3 Mutant Human Na + Channels (1996)

In transiently transfected mammalian cells we have identified pharmacological consequences of a naturally occurring deletion mutation, delta KPQ, of the human heart Na+ channel alpha subunit that previously has been linked to one form of the long QT syndrome, an inherited heart disease. Our results show that the Class IB antiarrhythmic agent lidocaine blocks maintained inward current through and slows recovery from inactivation of delta KPQ-encoded Na+ channels. Block is greater for maintained than for peak current. Because incomplete inactivation of mutant Na+ channels is now thought to underlie the prolonged ventricular action potential, which is the phenotype of this disease, and we find that the delta KPQ mutation speeds the recovery from inactivation of drug-free mutant channels, our results provide evidence, for the first time, that clinically relevant dysfunctional properties of an ion channel can be selectively targeted on the basis of the molecular properties conferred on the channel by an inherited genetic disorder.
Viability of Diced, Crushed Cartilage Grafts and the Effects of Surgicel (Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose) on Cartilage Grafts (2001)

The viability of cartilage grafts has been well documented; however, controversy still exists about the viability of crushed cartilage. Recently, there has been a tendency to use diced cartilage grafts wrapped with oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) sheets for improving dorsal contour in rhinoplasty. The viability of diced cartilage grafts and the effect of Surgicel on cartilage grafts are not well known. In this study, we used ear cartilage from 18 New Zealand rabbits. Cartilage grafts were transplanted to surgically created subcutaneous pockets on the back of the rabbits on both the left and right sides. There were three groups: (1) intact cartilage grafts, (2) crushed cartilage grafts, and (3) diced cartilage grafts. The grafts that were transplanted to the right side were wrapped with Surgicel. Cartilage grafts in all groups were viable. In grafts that were wrapped with Surgicel, a marked increase in the collagen content was investigated. Grafts that were wrapped with Surgicel demonstrated no evidence of proliferation, whereas the bare cartilage grafts demonstrated significant amounts of proliferation. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 108: 1054, 2001.)