gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-excited induction generator controlled by a VS-PWM bidirectional converter for rural applications (1999)

This paper concerns an application of a three-phase cage induction machine (IM) as a self-excited generator connected to the AC side of a voltage-source PWM bidirectional inverter. The generator is supposed to be driven by a low-head unregulated shaft hydraulic turbine. The proposed system is intended to be applied in rural plants as a low-cost source of high-quality AC sinusoidal regulated voltage with constant frequency. Simulation results are obtained based on the /spl alpha//spl beta//spl gamma/ stationary reference frame model of the IM. The experimental results demonstrated that the system presents satisfactory behavior when feeding AC loads and during the startup of induction motors.
Scope and Mechanism of Allylic C−H Amination of Terminal Alkenes by the Palladium/PhI(OPiv)2Catalyst System: Insights into the Effect of Naphthoquinone (2010)

Palladium-catalyzed oxidative amination of unactivated alkyl olefins has been developed to produce linear (E)-allylimides with high regioselectivity. This highly efficient transformation of alkenes has been achieved by enhancing the reoxidation of palladium with the strong oxidant PhI(OPiv)2. The present work also provides the first systematic analysis of the mechanism of the allylic C−H oxidative amination. It has been found that naphthoquinone (NQ) plays a vital role in promoting olefin coordination to the palladium catalyst: in the absence of NQ, the turnover-limiting step is olefin coordination to palladium catalyst; in the presence of NQ, the reaction involves a rapid equilibration to give a nitrogen-coordinated olefin-Pd(NQ) complex that undergoes turnover-limiting allylic C−H bond activation to generate a π-allyl-Pd intermediate. This work provides valuable insights for further studies on the functionalization of unactivated olefins.
A spiral nerve cuff electrode for peripheral nerve stimulation (1988)

A novel type of nerve cuff electrode consisting of conductive segments embedded within a self-curling sheath of biocompatible insulation has been developed. This spiral nerve cuff is biased to self-wrap around peripheral nerves and possesses a 'self-sizing' property, presenting an alternative to present commercially available, fixed-size nerve cuffs that are manually wrapped around nerves and sutured shut ('split-cylinder' cuffs). Spiral cuff design and manufacture are described. The authors hypothesize that unlike traditional cuffs, the spiral cuff potentially can be implanted safely when sized to fit peripheral nerves snugly. Theoretical pressure analyzes of traditional and spiral cuffs that support this hypothesis are presented. These analyses are designed to predict the minimum CNR (cuff diameter/nerve diameter ratio) at which there is no interference with intraneural blood flow. Results of a preliminary experiment in which snug spiral cuffs were implanted on feline peripheral nerve support the prediction that they may be safe.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Filter-embedded design and its applications to passive components (1989)

A design in which a filter is embedded in a fiber fixed on a substrate is proposed. It was successfully applied to the fabrication of low loss fiber optic components for a single-mode fiber transmission system. These components have a wide operational temperature range. The design is easily adapted to a multifilter or multifiber component. Filter embedding is achieved in two ways. One is to insert a thin filter chip in a slit which is machined into a fiber fixed on a substrate by a dicing saw (filter inserted type). The other is to evaporate a filter film directly on a fiber end face and butt this fiber to another fiber on a guide groove on a substrate (filter evaporated type).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phosphorylation and Regulation of -Catenin by Casein Kinase I (2002)

beta-Catenin transduces cytosolic signals to the nucleus in the Wnt pathway. The Wnt ligand stabilizes cytosolic beta-catenin protein, preventing its phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Serine-33 and -37 of beta-catenin are GSK3 phosphorylation sites that serve as recognition sites for the beta-TRCP-ubiquitin ligase complex, which ultimately triggers beta-catenin degradation. Mutations at those two sites, as well as in Ser-45, stabilize beta-catenin. Recently, casein kinase I epsilon (CKI epsilon) has been shown to be a positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. Its action mechanism, however, remains unknown. Here I show that Ser-45 is phosphorylated not by GSK3 but by CKI epsilon. Axin, a scaffold protein that binds CKI epsilon and beta-catenin, enhances this CKI epsilon-mediated phosphorylation. Overexpression of CKI epsilon in cells increases the amount of beta-catenin phosphorylated at Ser-45. Ser-45 phosphorylated beta-catenin is a better substrate for GSK3, which suggests that CKI epsilon and GSK3 may co-operate in destabilizing beta-catenin. In spite of the fact that CKI epsilon was found as a positive regulator of the Wnt pathway, mutational analysis suggests that mutation of Ser-45 regulates beta-catenin stability by inhibiting the ability of GSK3 to phosphorylate Ser-33 and -37, thereby disrupting the interaction between beta-catenin, beta-TRCP and Axin. I propose that phosphorylation of Ser-45 by CKI epsilon plays an important role in regulating beta-catenin stability.
The Antifungal Vaccine Derived from the Recombinant N Terminus of Als3p Protects Mice against the Bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (2008)

Vaccination with the recombinant N terminus of the candidal adhesin Als3p (rAls3p-N) protects mice from lethal candidemia. Candidal Als3p also is structurally similar to the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule adhesin, clumping factor, from Staphylococcus aureus. To determine the potential for cross-kingdom vaccination, we immunized mice with rAls3p-N or negative control proteins and challenged them via the tail vein with S. aureus or other gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens. The rAls3p-N vaccine, but neither tetanus toxoid nor a related Als protein (Als5p), improved the survival of vaccinated mice subsequently infected with multiple clinical isolates of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. The rAls3p-N vaccine was effective against S. aureus when combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. However, the vaccine did not improve the survival of mice infected with other bacterial pathogens. Vaccinated, infected mice mounted moderated type 1 immune responses. T lymphocyte-deficient mice were more susceptible to S. aureus infection, but B lymphocyte-deficient mice were not. Furthermore, T but not B lymphocytes from vaccinated mice mediated protection in adoptive transfer studies. The passive transfer of immune serum was not protective. These data provide the foundation for cross-kingdom vaccine development against S. aureus and Candida, which collectively cause 200,000 bloodstream infections resulting in >/=40,000 to 50,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.
Overview and Status of Mouthguard Bleaching (1991)

Since the bleaching of vital teeth using a tray delivery system with a 10 percent carbamide peroxide first became common knowledge in March, 1989, there has been much discussion, improvement, and questions concerning the process and the various products available. This article presents an overview of its history, the variations in techniques, and questions concerning safety, including the impact on tooth structure, the pulp, soft tissue of the mouth, and systemic ingestion. It divides currently available products according to their composition, into either a carbamide peroxide with and without carbopol, a hydrogen peroxide of varying concentrations, a hydrochloric acid, or other categories. It discusses the various delivery mechanisms and comments on their apparent effectiveness, as well as reflecting the current knowledge base of the profession.
Surface-Enhanced Superquenching of Cyanine Dyes as J-Aggregates on Laponite Clay Nanoparticles (2002)

Nanoparticles of synthetic Laponite clay can be coated with individual or mixed cyanine dyes to form J-aggregated assemblies in water. The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of these J-aggregates are substantially different from those of J-aggregates formed in crystals or colloids, suggesting that smaller J-aggregate domains are present on the disk-shaped nanoparticles. The mixed cyanine/Laponite aggregates exhibit similar but nonidentical absorption and fluorescence as compared to the individual dye aggregates, suggesting a mixed electronic structure. The fluorescence from the nanoparticle-adsorbed cyanines is subject to superquenching by a variety of electron- and energy-accepting quenchers. These quenchers can be introduced by coadsorption with donors on the clay (mixed aggregates) or by addition of acceptors to preformed donor aggregates in aqueous suspensions. For some of the energy-accepting cyanines, it is found that strong sensitization of fluorescence from a (mostly) acceptor state is observed, even in cases where the monomer dye is non- or very weakly emissive. In limiting cases, 50% quenching is observed at levels of 1 quencher per ∼400 monomers or 4 quenchers per nanoparticle.
Linear–Logarithmic CMOS Pixel With Tunable Dynamic Range (2011)

A CMOS pixel with linear-logarithmic response and programmable dynamic range (DR), based on a tunable transition point, has purposely been designed for endoscopic applications. A theoretical model of the pixel was developed and validated. A chip with a 100×100 pixel array and a 12-b digital output was fabricated in a 0.35-μm technology and was fully tested, thus demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in terms of DR and noise. Intraframe DR proved to be extendable to more than 110 dB through a logarithmic compression of the signal in the light irradiation power density (LIPD) range. The measured temporal noise (pixel noise) was less than 0.22% over the full range. The architecture presented limited fixed pattern noise (FPN) due to the scheme adopted, which allowed its correction over the full signal range: FPN was 0.83% (1.37%) in the linear (logarithmic) region. Although the test chip was designed mainly for endoscopic applications, the technology may also be applied to other fields, e.g., robotics, security and industrial automation, whenever high DR is a crucial feature.
Structural Characterization of Fibroblast Human Interferon-β 1 (1988)

The complete amino acid sequence of fibroblast human interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) was determined, and the higher-order structure of the protein was characterized with Raman spectroscopy. That amino acid sequence was identical to the entire sequence deduced from the cDNA nucleotide sequence, showing there are no proteolytic cleavages of carboxy-terminal residues in contrast to natural human IFN-alpha and natural human IFN-gamma. The N-glycosylation site was confirmed as Asn-80 by the detection of glucosamines in the peptide containing Asn-80. An S-carboxymethyl Cys-17 was detected in the S-carboxymethylated protein, suggesting that Cys-17 is unpaired. Raman spectra indicated a predominance of alpha-helical backbone and three Cys residues in this protein form, one unpaired Cys residue and one disulfide bond. These results provide some evidence for the primary and higher-order structures of natural IFN-beta 1 so far predicted.
Polymorphism of Acetylcholinesterase in Discrete Regions of the Developing Human Fetal Brain (1985)

The molecular forms and membrane association of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) and pseudocholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) were determined in the presence of protease inhibitors in dissected regions of developing human fetal brain, as compared with parallel areas from mature brain. All areas contained substantial cholinesterase activities, of which acetylcholinesterase accounted for almost all the activity. Two major forms of acetylcholinesterase activity, sedimenting at 10-11S and 4-5S, respectively, were detected on sucrose gradients and possessed similar catalytic properties, as judged by their individual Km values toward [3H]acetylcholine (ca. 4 X 10(-4) M). The ratio between these forms varied by up to four- to fivefold, both between different areas and within particular areas at various developmental stages, but reached similar values (about 5:2) in all areas of mature brain. Acetylcholinesterase activity was ca. 35-50% low-salt-soluble and 45-65% detergent-soluble in various developmental stages and brain areas, with an increase during development of the detergent-soluble fraction of the light form. In contrast, pseudocholinesterase activity was mostly low-salt-soluble and sedimented as one component of 10-11S in all areas and developmental stages. Our findings suggest noncoordinate regulation of brain acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, and indicate that the expression of acetylcholinesterase forms within embryonic brain areas depends both on cell type composition and on development.
Role of human liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle in postprandial glucose homeostasis (2002)

Recent studies indicate a role for the kidney in postabsorptive glucose homeostasis. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the role of the kidney in postprandial glucose homeostasis and to compare its contribution to that of liver and skeletal muscle. Accordingly, we used the double isotope technique along with forearm and renal balance measurements to assess systemic, renal, and hepatic glucose release as well as glucose uptake by kidney, skeletal muscle, and splanchnic tissues in 10 normal volunteers after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. We found that, during the 4.5-h postprandial period, 22 +/- 2 g (30 +/- 3% of the ingested glucose) were initially extracted by splanchnic tissues. Of the remaining 53 +/- 2 g that entered the systemic circulation, 19 +/- 3 g were calculated to have been taken up by skeletal muscle and 7.5 +/- 1.7 g by the kidney (26 +/- 3 and 10 +/- 2%, respectively, of the ingested glucose). Endogenous glucose release during the postprandial period (16 +/- 2 g), calculated as the difference between overall systemic glucose appearance and the appearance of ingested glucose in the systemic circulation, was suppressed 61 +/- 3%. Surprisingly, renal glucose release increased twofold (10.6 +/- 2.5 g) and accounted for ~60% of postprandial endogenous glucose release. Hepatic glucose release (6.7 +/- 2.2 g), the difference between endogenous and renal glucose release, was suppressed 82 +/- 6%. These results demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated contribution of the kidney to postprandial glucose homeostasis and indicate that postprandial suppression of hepatic glucose release is nearly twofold greater than had been calculated in previous studies (42 +/- 4%), which had assumed that there was no renal glucose release. We postulate that increases in postprandial renal glucose release may play a role in facilitating efficient liver glycogen repletion by permitting substantial suppression of hepatic glucose release.
Protective immunization of the squirrel monkey against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum by use of parasite protein fractions. (1984)

We had previously shown that two polypeptides of Plasmodium falciparum are preferentially recognized by antibodies of resistant squirrel monkeys Saimiri sciureus. Free parasites were isolated from synchronized cultures on human erythrocytes initially inoculated with infected Saimiri erythrocytes. Crude extracts were prepared from mature schizont stages and electrophoresed on preparative NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. Two groups of five monkeys were immunized with protein fractions eluted from the 75- and 100-kilodalton regions of the gels. Strong protection against challenge by the homologous strain of P. falciparum was induced in both groups. Analysis of specific anti-malarial antibodies revealed a homogeneous response of all the animals against a few polypeptides of the mature parasite.
CNN-SLAM: Real-Time Dense Monocular SLAM with Learned Depth Prediction (2017)

Given the recent advances in depth prediction from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), this paper investigates how predicted depth maps from a deep neural network can be deployed for the goal of accurate and dense monocular reconstruction. We propose a method where CNN-predicted dense depth maps are naturally fused together with depth measurements obtained from direct monocular SLAM, based on a scheme that privileges depth prediction in image locations where monocular SLAM approaches tend to fail, e.g. along low-textured regions, and vice-versa. We demonstrate the use of depth prediction to estimate the absolute scale of the reconstruction, hence overcoming one of the major limitations of monocular SLAM. Finally, we propose a framework to efficiently fuse semantic labels, obtained from a single frame, with dense SLAM, so to yield semantically coherent scene reconstruction from a single view. Evaluation results on two benchmark datasets show the robustness and accuracy of our approach.
The Relationships between Energy Balance, Milk Production and Ovulation in Postpartum Holstein Cows1 (1981)

Energy balance and serum progesterone concentrations were monitored during early lactation in a group of high producing Holstein cows. The postpartum interval to normal ovulation averaged 36 +/- 6 days (range 6 to 83 days). Average energy balance during the first 20 days of lactation (cumulative daily calculated energy balance divided by days in milk) was inversely related to days to normal ovulation (r = -.60) and to milk production (r = -.80). Milk yield during this period was not closely related to days to ovulation (r = .30). Milk yield was also not significantly related to serum prolactin concentrations over the first 12 weeks of lactation (r = .27). During early lactation, energy balance was maximally negative until peak milk yield and then began returning toward zero, with the magnitude and duration of negative energy balance being quite variable. On the average, ovulation and the initiation of the first normal luteal phase occurred approximately 10 days after energy balance began returning toward zero. During this 10-day interval, a transient elevation in serum progesterone concentrations occurred in eight of 13 cows. These results suggest that energy balance during the first 20 days of lactation is important in determining the onset of ovarian activity following parturition.
Posttranscriptional regulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase expression in antigen receptor-stimulated splenic B cells (2000)

Mutation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) causes human X-linked agammaglobulinemia and murine X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome (xid). Quantitative aspects of B lymphocyte development and function have been demonstrated to depend on Btk level in vivo by using a murine transgenic model system. A sensitive intracellular immunofluorescent assay was developed to measure Btk protein on a per cell basis to test the hypothesis that its dosage is dynamically regulated during B cell development or functional responses. Marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, common lymphoid progenitor cells, and developing B and myeloid lineages expressed Btk protein at comparable levels. Resting peripheral B lineage cells had a significantly lower amount of Btk than marrow-derived cells in both wild-type and xid mice. Activation of the B cell antigen receptor up-regulated Btk protein level 10-fold within several hours by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent, posttranscriptional mechanism. In contrast, the protein level of Btk R28C in activated B lymphocytes from xid mice remained low. Bypass of the antigen receptor signaling pathways by treatment of cells with phorbol myristic acid and ionomycin rescued up-regulation of Btk protein in xid splenic B cells. These combined results suggest that certain receptor signals mediated by Btk regulate the level of expression of Btk protein in responding B lymphocytes to potentiate signal transduction. Dynamic regulation of Btk protein dosage is an additional mechanism to modulate B lymphocyte immune functions.
Detection of cortical activation during averaged single trials of a cognitive task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (1996)

Functional neuroimaging studies in human subjects using positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are typically conducted by collecting data over extended time periods that contain many similar trials of a task. Here methods for acquiring fMRI data from single trials of a cognitive task are reported. In experiment one, whole brain fMRI was used to reliably detect single-trial responses in a prefrontal region within single subjects. In experiment two, higher temporal sampling of a more limited spatial field was used to measure temporal offsets between regions. Activation maps produced solely from the single-trial data were comparable to those produced from blocked runs. These findings suggest that single-trial paradigms will be able to exploit the high temporal resolution of fMRI. Such paradigms will provide experimental flexibility and time-resolved data for individual brain regions on a trial-by-trial basis.
Fabrication of patterned silane based self-assembled monolayers by photolithography and surface reactions on silicon-oxide substrates (2010)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have received increasing attention since their introduction 30 years ago. Soon it was discovered that they can be used as alternative resist materials and are compatible with different established lithographic techniques commonly used in silicon semiconductor technology. Besides these possibilities to structure SAMs, other attractive properties emerged from the use of SAMs. E.g., the introduction of addressability into the patterns by selective functionalization with reactive precursor molecules and/or by applying suitable surface reactions was established. In this feature we highlight developments of photolithographic techniques that have been used in combination with SAMs serving either as resists for the patterning process or as precursor molecules for surface reactions, which can be performed on non-structured and mainly photochemically structured surfaces to obtain multifunctional surfaces with tunable surface properties. The aim is to provide an overview about the versatile possibilities to use silane based SAM systems to structure silicon-oxide substrates by introducing topographical as well as chemically heterogeneous surface structures. In particular the chemical activation of SAMs includes a large number of functionalization concepts which are intended to be summarized in this review. They will be introduced here according to the class of chemical reaction that has been used. Therefore, an introduction into the plethora of possible structures, which have been created by the combination of photolithographic structuring approaches, and the integration of tailor made surface functionalities into these systems will be highlighted. Additionally effective strategies to implement a diversity of chemical functionalities onto one substrate are summarized.