gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared spectroelectrochemical characterization of ferrocene-terminated alkanethiolate monolayers at gold (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared spectroelectrochemical characterization of ferrocene-terminated alkanethiolate monolayers at goldDarwin D. Popenoe, Randall S. Deinhammer, and Marc D. PorterCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 10, 2521–2530Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00046a028https://doi.org/10.1021/la00046a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2458Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computed tomography imaging of lungs in mouse models of human disease : advancing the computing interfaces with physiology (2004)

New research applications for imaging can come from combining advances in anesthetic management and respiratory synchronization with computed tomography (CT) algorithms. CT imaging has the potential to provide lung pathologic details non-invasively, and to facilitate the structural and functional studies in mouse models of human diseases. Examples include atelectasis in lungs of transgenic mice expressing sickle hemoglobin, and bacterial pneumonia. However, human high-resolution CT is typically obtained during a breath-hold, asking the patient to voluntarily hold her breath for several seconds and hold still for a crisp image. Mice cannot cooperate in this manner, so inhalational general anesthesia keeps the animal in position but breathing spontaneously during the 20 to 40 minutes of scans. Mice with pleural effusion and with severe pulmonary fibrosis survived micro CT under anesthesia. Imaging can be gated to obtain one set of images in the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle, and another in the inspiratory phase. Respiratory gating provides superior image quality, and comparing inspiratory vs. expiratory lung volume provides an estimate of tidal volume. Correlating human conditions with pathophysiology in mouse models will permit more translational research.
Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from the vadose zone during multi-phase extraction at a contaminated industrial site. (2002)

Field trials of multi-phase extraction techniques evaluated the contribution of volatilization and biodegradation to removing petroleum hydrocarbons from a contaminated industrial site. The techniques combined the extraction of soil vapours with the recovery of mobilized non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) from wells. Inducing air-flushing of the vadose zone by applying a vacuum to the recovery well promoted both the recovery of mobile NAPL near the water table as well as the volatilization and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the vadose zone. Biodegradation and volatilization in the vadose zone were the major processes of removal under high water table conditions where liquid recovery rates were modest. In this case, biodegradation contributed most to removal. Where liquid recovery rates were increased under lowered water table conditions, volatilization and biodegradation still contributed 46% of the total removal rate.
A modelling method of software configuration change control (2002)

Software configuration management is a group of activities to build a system configuration by gathering configuration items generated during the lifecycle of a software system and to manage systematically changes to the system configuration. We build a model of configuration change control activity at each phase of the software development life cycle. Each model is represented in an entity relationship modelling method. We make an integrated ER model of configuration change control by merging the models of life cycle phases. When the ER model is completed, an IRD schema, which is a IRDS model, is generated from the ER model using IRDS commands.
Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D): Part 2: Study Outcomes (2008)

This article reviews the main outcome findings from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. The study compared the efficacy and tolerability of a range of antidepressant therapies through four sequential levels of treatment with the goal of achieving remission. Remission rates based on the primary outcome measure (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) were 28% (Level 1 citalopram), 17% to 30% (Level 2 treatments), 12% to 25% (Level 3 treatments), and 7% to 14% (Level 4 treatments). For patients not responding adequately to an initial trial of citalopram, subsequent treatment strategies may be effective. When more treatment steps are required, however, lower acute remission rates, greater degrees of treatment intolerance, and higher relapse rates during follow up are seen. There were few differences among treatments within each level related to efficacy or tolerability, although patients had clear preferences for or against certain treatments.
Acute Radiation Syndrome: Assessment and Management (2010)

Primary care physicians may be unprepared to diagnose and treat rare, yet potentially fatal, illnesses such as acute radiation syndrome (ARS). ARS, also known as radiation sickness, is caused by exposure to a high dose of penetrating, ionizing radiation over a short period of time. The time to onset of ARS is dependent on the dose received, but even at the lowest doses capable of causing illness, this will occur within a matter of hours to days. This article describes the clinical manifestations of ARS, provides guidelines for assessing its severity, and makes recommendations for managing ARS victims.
Comparison of different numerical models for volumetric metamaterials (2012)

In this paper we present a comparison of two different techniques for the modeling of volumetric metamaterials realized by stacked periodic surfaces, where the unit cell may contain a patch or a slot element. Both the techniques considered are based on the definition of an equivalent admittance for the single layer, however they differ in the approach used to derive the effective parameters of the metamaterial. In a first case, electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the unit cell are extracted and then substituted into the Clausius-Mossotti equations to find the bulk effective permittivity and permeability. In the second case, the interactions between adjacent layers are taken into account by exploiting the Bloch theory and the effective parameters are defined by imposing that the homogenized medium supports the same modal structure of the volumetric metamaterial.
In Vivo SPECT Reporter Gene Imaging of Regulatory T Cells (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were identified several years ago and are key in controlling autoimmune diseases and limiting immune responses to foreign antigens, including alloantigens. In vivo imaging techniques including intravital microscopy as well as whole body imaging using bioluminescence probes have contributed to the understanding of in vivo Treg function, their mechanisms of action and target cells. Imaging of the human sodium/iodide symporter via Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has been used to image various cell types in vivo. It has several advantages over the aforementioned imaging techniques including high sensitivity, it allows non-invasive whole body studies of viable cell migration and localisation of cells over time and lastly it may offer the possibility to be translated to the clinic. This study addresses whether SPECT/CT imaging can be used to visualise the migratory pattern of Tregs in vivo. Treg lines derived from CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells were retrovirally transduced with a construct encoding for the human Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) and the fluorescent protein mCherry and stimulated with autologous DCs. NIS expressing self-specific Tregs were specifically radiolabelled in vitro with Technetium-99m pertechnetate ((99m)TcO(4)(-)) and exposure of these cells to radioactivity did not affect cell viability, phenotype or function. In addition adoptively transferred Treg-NIS cells were imaged in vivo in C57BL/6 (BL/6) mice by SPECT/CT using (99m)TcO(4)(-). After 24 hours NIS expressing Tregs were observed in the spleen and their localisation was further confirmed by organ biodistribution studies and flow cytometry analysis. The data presented here suggests that SPECT/CT imaging can be utilised in preclinical imaging studies of adoptively transferred Tregs without affecting Treg function and viability thereby allowing longitudinal studies within disease models.
Developmental expression of neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptors in the rat retina (2000)

Tachykinin (TK) peptides act on retinal neurons through neurokinin (NK) receptors. We examined the expression of neurokinin-1 (NK1; the substance P receptor), NK3 [the neurokinin B (NKB) receptor], and TK peptides in developing rat retinas. NK1 immunolabeling was found in newborn retinas in rare amacrine cells and in putative ganglion cells. At postnatal day 2 (PND 2), NK1 immunostaining was reduced greatly among ganglion cells, and it appeared in many amacrine cells and in fibers in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), with the highest density in laminae 1, 3, and 5. A similar pattern was found at PND 7. At PND 12, interplexiform NK1-immunoreactive (-IR) cells were detected, and NK1-IR fibers in the IPL were concentrated in lamina 2, similar to what was seen in adults. NK3 was expressed mainly by OFF-cone bipolar cells, and the developmental pattern of NK3 was compared with that of cone bipolar cells that were labeled with antibodies to recoverin. Immature recoverin-IR cone bipolar cells were seen at PND 2. NK3 immunolabeling was detected first in the outer plexiform layer and in sparse bipolar cell somata at PND 10, when recoverin-IR cone bipolar cells are nearly mature. By PND 15, both the NK3 immunostaining pattern and the recoverin immunostaining pattern were similar to the patterns seen in adults. TK immunoreactivity was present at PND 0 in amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells. By PND 10, the morphologic maturation of TK-IR cells was complete. These findings indicate that, in early postnatal retinas, substance P may act on NK1 receptors, whereas NKB/NK3 interactions are unlikely, suggesting that there are different levels of importance for different TK peptides in the developing retina.
Upper trunk brachial plexopathy (1993)

This study was designed to determine the cause of upper trunk brachial plexopathy, which is referred to as a "stinger" or a "burner." This injury often has been thought to occur secondary to traction when an athlete sustains a lateral flexion injury of the neck. At the United States Military Academy, a 4-phase study was begun with 261 tackle football players (236 intramural- and 25 varsity-level players) to investigate this injury. Electromyography and nerve root stimulation studies were used to delineate the lesion, which was found in a total of 32 players who continued throughout the study. This study demonstrated that a much more common mechanism of injury resulting in the stinger syndrome is probably compression of the fixed brachial plexus between the shoulder pad and the superior medial scapula when the pad is pushed into the area of Erb's point, where the brachial plexus is most superficial. An orthosis was designed to protect the brachial plexus from the compressive force of the shoulder pad. In preliminary trials, this orthosis had been very effective in decreasing the number of episodes in which stinger injuries occurred.
Educação em saúde na prevenção da malária no estado do Amapá (2013)

Introducao: Este trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiencia sobre um estudo desenvolvido com o objetivo de proporcionar acoes de educacao em saude direcionadas a prevencao da malaria realizado na comunidade de Sao Francisco do Iratapuru, no municipio de Laranjal do Jari no periodo de marco a dezembro de 2009. Objetivos: As acoes educativas oferecem aos cidadaos um conjunto diversificado de oportunidades no processo de ensino e aprendizagem os quais objetivam, entre outros, o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, autoconfianca, habilidades, porem de acordo com as singularidades socioculturais e economicas locais. Metodologia ou Descricao da Experiencia: O processo metodologico teve como base acoes educativas tais como: palestras, oficinas, mini-cursos, atividades de cunho ludico e a elaboracao de material didatico como: calendarios, folders, jogos didaticos e filme de animacao, considerando as questoes socioeconomicas e culturais da realidade local. Todas as acoes foram definidas e realizadas de acordo com o nivel de conhecimento sobre a malaria, atraves da aplicacao de tres tipos questionarios: comunidade (G1), profissionais de saude (G2) e educacao (G3). Resultados: Todas as acoes foram definidas e realizadas de acordo com o nivel de conhecimento sobre a malaria, atraves da aplicacao de tres tipos questionarios: comunidade (G1), profissionais de saude (G2) e educacao (G3). O grau de conhecimento do G1 foi considerado insatisfatorio nos aspectos de combate e prevencao da doenca; no G2 o nivel de conhecimento pode ser considerado adequado e G3 foi observado que a maioria dos profissionais nao tinha informacoes basicas sobre a doenca como mecanismos de transmissao e prevencao. Conclusao ou Hipoteses: Necessita-se fortalecer e aprimorar atividades de educacao em saude em areas rurais, e importante a formacao de agentes multiplicadores, reforcando a ideia que esse tipo de experiencias tem reflexos positivos sobre praticas de promocao, protecao e recuperacao da saude, pois nao se trata de persuadir ou apenas informar mas sim fornecendo elementos que capacitem sujeitos para acoes.
Eyeglass-based systems for wearable computing (2002)

This paper reports on progress in the area of hardware for wearable computing. Our specific interest is in reducing conventional head-mounted display systems to eyeglass scale. We report here the successful demonstration of an ergonomic eyeglasses-based display. We present some of the general considerations in the design of such eyeglasses and briefly review our approach and initial findings.
Aging brain microenvironment decreases hippocampal neurogenesis through Wnt‐mediated survivin signaling (2012)

Accumulating evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis relies on the controlled and continued proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). With age, neurogenesis decreases through mechanisms that remain unclear but are believed to involve changes in the NPC microenvironment. Here, we provide evidence that NPC proliferation in the adult brain is in part regulated by astrocytes via Wnt signaling and that this cellular cross-talk is modified in the aging brain, leading to decreased proliferation of NPCs. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes regulate the NPC cell cycle by acting on the expression levels of survivin, a known mitotic regulator. Among cell cycle genes found down-regulated in aged NPCs, survivin was the only one that restored NPC proliferation in the aged brain. Our results provide a mechanism for the gradual loss of neurogenesis in the brain associated with aging and suggest that targeted modulation of survivin expression directly or through Wnt signaling could be used to stimulate adult neurogenesis.
Highly-ordered carbon nanotube arrays for electronics applications (1999)

Highly-ordered arrays of parallel carbon nanotubes were grown by pyrolysis of acetylene on cobalt within a hexagonal close-packed nanochannel alumina template at 650 °C. The nanotubes are characterized by a narrow size distribution, large scale periodicity, and high densities. Using this method ordered nanotubes with diameters from 10 nm to several hundred nm and lengths up to 100 μm can be produced. The high level of ordering and uniformity in these arrays is useful for applications in data storage, field emission displays and sensors, and offers the prospect of deriving computational functions from the collective behavior of symmetrically coupled nanotubes. The fabrication method used is compatible with standard lithographic processes and thus enables future integration of such periodic carbon nanotube arrays with silicon microelectronics.
Local environment of chronic wounds under synthetic dressings (1986)

• Local wound environment under oxygen-permeable and oxygen-nonpermeable dressings in patients with chronic ulcers was investigated. The oxygen tensions under both these dressings were very low or zero. Wound fluid was more acidic under the nonpermeable hydrocolloid dressing than under the oxygen-permeable polyurethane dressing. Bacterial growth studied in vitro was retarded at the more acidic pH similar to that found under the hydrocolloid dressing. Viable and functioning neutrophils were found under both the polyurethane and hydrocolloid dressings, with a greater percentage of viable cells under the polyurethane film. Our data suggest that these synthetic dressings create hypoxic conditions in which wound healing occurs whether or not the dressing is permeable to oxygen. Furthermore the local wound environment can be modified by use of synthetic dressings. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1986;122:52-57)
A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing (1996)

The concept of maximum entropy can be traced back along multiple threads to Biblical times. Only recently, however, have computers become powerful enough to permit the widescale application of this concept to real world problems in statistical estimation and pattern recognition. In this paper, we describe a method for statistical modeling based on maximum entropy. We present a maximum-likelihood approach for automatically constructing maximum entropy models and describe how to implement this approach efficiently, using as examples several problems in natural language processing.
Reduced progression of experimental osteoarthritis in vivo by selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1998)

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a selective inhibitor of iNOS, L-NIL, in attenuating the progression of experimental OA. The data suggest that L-NIL may act by reducing the activity of metalloproteases in cartilage and the production of IL-1beta by synovium, both of which are known to play a major role in the pathophysiology of OA structural changes.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Wild Isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans (2000)

Caenorhabditis elegans (isolate N2 from Bristol, UK) is the first animal of which the complete genome sequence was available. We sampled genomic DNA of natural isolates of C. elegans from four different locations (Australia, Germany, California, and Wisconsin) and found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by comparing with the Bristol strain. SNPs are under-represented in coding regions, and many were found to be third base silent codon mutations. We tested 19 additional natural isolates for the presence and distribution of SNPs originally found in one of the four strains. Most SNPs are present in isolates from around the globe and thus are older than the latest contact between these strains. An exception is formed by an isolate from an island (Hawaii) that contains many unique SNPs, absent in the tested isolates from the rest of the world. It has been noticed previously that conserved genes (as defined by homology to genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cluster in the chromosome centers. We found that the SNP frequency outside these regions is 4.5 times higher, supporting the notion of a higher rate of evolution of genes on the chromosome arms.
Management of diabetic retinopathy. (1995)

All persons with diabetes are at risk of retinal complications, although persons with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes face a greater danger of severe vision loss than persons with type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes. Retinopathy has two stages: the nonproliferative stage, which includes intraretinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and soft and hard exudates, typically occurs well before the more serious proliferative stage, which is characterized by neovascularization and fibrovascular growth from the retina or optic nerve. Macular edema, a serious development, can occur in either stage. Untreated neovascularization and macular edema are the two major retinal complications that lead to blindness. Good glycemic control has been shown to reduce the development of retinopathy by 76 percent in diabetic patients and to slow progression by 54 percent in those with early retinopathy. Effective hypertension control and diabetic therapy, regular ophthalmologic examinations and properly timed focal laser treatments for macular edema and proliferative retinopathy can markedly reduce the risk of vision loss.
The Spread of Ras Activity Triggered by Activation of a Single Dendritic Spine (2008)

In neurons, individual dendritic spines isolate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated calcium ion (Ca2+) accumulations from the dendrite and other spines. However, the extent to which spines compartmentalize signaling events downstream of Ca2+ influx is not known. We combined two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging with two-photon glutamate uncaging to image the activity of the small guanosine triphosphatase Ras after NMDA receptor activation at individual spines. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered robust Ca2+-dependent Ras activation in single spines that decayed in approximately 5 minutes. Ras activity spread over approximately 10 micrometers of dendrite and invaded neighboring spines by diffusion. The spread of Ras-dependent signaling was necessary for the local regulation of the threshold for LTP induction. Thus, Ca2+-dependent synaptic signals can spread to couple multiple synapses on short stretches of dendrite.