gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etodolac preserves cartilage-specific phenotype in human chondrocytes: effects on type II collagen synthesis and associated mRNA levels. (1990)

We have shown that interleukin-1 (IL-1) suppresses expression of cartilage-specific types II and IX collagens by cultured human chondrocytes. This inhibition is potentiated by agents which block IL-1-stimulated PGE2 production (J. Clin. Invest. 82:2026, 1988). In contrast, expression of types I and III collagens and fibronectin, matrix components produced by chondrocytes that have lost cartilage-specific phenotype, is increased by IL-1, particularly when IL-1-stimulated synthesis of PGE2 is blocked by a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Etodolac is a new NSAID which is an effective inhibitor of PGE2 synthesis. The enhanced potency of etodolac in chondrocytes (compared with macrophages) suggests that this drug may have selective effects on different target cell types. The present studies were undertaken to compare the effects of etodolac and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on IL-1-induced modulation of chondrocyte phenotype. Juvenile human costal chondrocytes or adult articular chondrocytes in primary culture were incubated with etodolac, indomethacin or ketoprofen in the absence or presence of IL-1 beta. After treatment the [3H] proline-labelled collagens were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and type I and type II collagen mRNAs were analyzed by Northern or dot hybridization. Indomethacin (0.3-300 nM) or ketoprofen (2-2000 nM) produced a dose-dependent suppression of type II collagen synthesis associated with decreased levels of type II collagen mRNA in the absence of IL-1, while they potentiated the inhibitory effects of IL-1. In contrast, etodolac (2-2000 nM) maintained expression of type II collagen protein and mRNA. Etodolac unmasked a stimulatory effect of IL-1 on synthesis of type I collagen and fibronectin and levels of type I collagen mRNA, but to a lesser extent than indomethacin. These results suggest that, despite equipotent inhibitory effects of etodolac (IC50 congruent to 10 nM) on PGE2 biosynthesis compared with indomethacin (IC50 congruent to 1.0 nM) or ketoprofen (IC50 congruent to 10 nM), etodolac may be capable of maintaining type II collagen expression by chondrocytes. In vivo this could help to prevent the detrimental effects of mediators such as IL-1 on cartilage matrix synthesis in inflammatory joint diseases.
Elevated serum interleukin-6 levels associated with active disease in systemic connective tissue disorders. (1995)

The determination of SeIL-6 may be a useful indicator of disease activity in those patients groups, including SLE and SSc, in which a normal acute phase response by the liver is often lacking. The mechanism underlying this hepatic impairment requires further investigation, but is clearly not due to a failure to generate the appropriate cytokine signal. Excessive local or systemic production of IL-6 in connective tissue diseases could play an important pathogenic role in these conditions, for example through stimulating autoantibody synthesis.
Inhibition of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Selectively Attenuates Specific Insulin Receptor Signal Transduction Pathways (1998)

To examine the role of clathrin-dependent insulin receptor internalization in insulin-stimulated signal transduction events, we expressed a dominant-interfering mutant of dynamin (K44A/dynamin) by using a recombinant adenovirus in the H4IIE hepatoma and 3T3L1 adipocyte cell lines. Expression of K44A/dynamin inhibited endocytosis of the insulin receptor as determined by both cell surface radioligand binding and trypsin protection analysis. The inhibition of the insulin receptor endocytosis had no effect on either the extent of insulin receptor autophosphorylation or insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, expression of K44A/dynamin partially inhibited insulin-stimulated Shc tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and -2. Although there was an approximately 50% decrease in the insulin-stimulated activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase associated with IRS1, insulin-stimulated Akt kinase phosphorylation and activation were unaffected. The expression of K44A/dynamin increased the basal rate of amino acid transport, which was additive with the effect of insulin but had no effect on the basal or insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, expression of K44A/dynamin increased the basal rate of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and lipogenesis without any significant effect on insulin stimulation. Together, these data demonstrate that the acute actions of insulin are largely independent of insulin receptor endocytosis and are initiated by activation of the plasma membrane-localized insulin receptor.
Hormonal Therapy for Acne Using Oral Contraceptive Pills (2005)

The etiology of acne vulgaris is multifactorial and complex. The four key factors involved in the development of acne include follicular plugging, inflammation, the presence and activity of Propionibacterium acnes, and sebum. Androgen hormones stimulate the sebaceous gland and promote sebum excretion. Therefore, therapies that have an overall antiandrogen effect, like combination oral contraceptive pills, may be useful in the management of acne vulgaris. Numerous combination oral contraceptive pills have been evaluated in the treatment of acne vulgaris and have been found to be effective. With a thorough understanding of their proper use and potential associated risks, these hormonal treatments may be prescribed safely and effectively to women with acne.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Fluconazole with Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Candidemia in Patients without Neutropenia (1994)

In patients without neutropenia and without major immunodeficiency, fluconazole and amphotericin B are not significantly different in their effectiveness in treating candidemia.
Planar multimode detector arrays for infrared and millimeter-wave applications (1981)

A new type of detector array is described. By means of a suitably designed metallic network, many detector elements (each individually small compared to wavelength) are assembled into an impedance-matched termination for radiation incident normally on the plane of the device. Residual reactance is tuned out by means of a movable backshort. An array of 400 bismuth-film microbolometers with a total area of 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been tested at 215 GHz. A coupling efficiency of approximately 60 percent was observed. The detector has a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D*</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4 \times 10^{8}</tex> cm . Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at room temperature with response time on the order of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{-7}</tex> s. Similar arrays of Schottky and SIS diodes can probably be constructed.
A comparison of the risks of leukaemia in the offspring of the Japanese bomb survivors and those of the Sellafield workforce with those in the offspring of the Ontario and Scottish workforces (1993)

The cases of childhood leukaemia found among children of the Sellafield (West Cumbria), Ontario and Scottish radiation workers and those observed in the offspring of the Japanese bomb survivors are analysed using exponential and linear forms of a relative risk model and employing dose estimates both for the period 6 months before conception and for total pre-conception doses. Because of the uncertainties that surround the neutron dose estimates in the Hiroshima bomb survivors, analyses of the possible discrepancies between the pre-conception exposure risks of leukaemia in the Japanese and other datasets are performed separately for each city within the Japanese F1 cohort. In general, the discrepancy between the leukaemia relative risk coefficients in the Japanese and West Cumbrian datasets is strongest for Hiroshima, although there are also indications of differences in risks between the West Cumbrian and Nagasaki data. The leukaemia relative risk coefficients for paternal (whole-body) exposure in these pre-conception periods for children in the Canadian and Scottish groups are found to be statistically compatible with the (gonadal dose) coefficients derived from studies of the offspring of the Japanese bomb survivors, whether for each city considered separately or for both cities taken together. There are indications at borderline levels of statistical significance that the leukaemia risks observed in the Canadian and Scottish datasets are not compatible with those derived from the West Cumbrian group, whether for 6-month or total pre-conception dose. Given the lack of a discernibly raised risk of childhood leukaemia in the offspring of the Japanese bomb survivors and the Canadian and Scottish studies, it therefore appears unlikely that the statistical association between recorded paternal pre-conception external radiation and the raised incidence of childhood leukaemia found in the West Cumbrian study represents a causal relationship.
Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Eighteenth Volume (1998)

Description Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: 18th Volume (STP 1347) provides 26 peer-reviewed papers from application, formulation, and synthesis professionals from academia, government, and industry. The volume is divided into three areas: Current Issues -- the impact of pesticide and insect resistant crops on pesticide and adjuvant usage and regulatory concerns; the advantages and disadvantages of transgenic crops and potential shifts in pesticide usage; basic principles of endocrine disruption, compounds considered disrupters; the activities of the Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee that was established to help the EPA with guidelines for the Congressional set date of August 1999. Application Technology -- Innovations in pesticide spray applications; influence of species, spray volume, droplet size, adjuvant type and amount of spray retained; closed systems for spray application; spray distribution patterns; mechanism of spray droplet wetting and spreading; and surface tension affects on droplet spectrum. Pesticide Formulations and Adjuvants -- Various components for liquid, flowable, and granular pesticide formulations are discussed in several papers. The surface acidity of clay carriers relative to pesticide stability, the use of computer models for developing emusifiable formulations; rapid tests for adjuvant efficacy with specific herbicides; and the blends of dispersing agents and surfactants for suspension stability are specific topics addressed. Topics relating to adjuvant enhanced efficacy are adjuvant physicochemical properties; surfactant phytotoxicity to plants and cell suspensions; spray droplet retention and spread relative to efficacy with herbicides; potential of corn syrup as an adjuvant; and methods of evaluating adjuvant efficacy. For pesticide formulators, pesticide developers, agricultural consultants, weed, insect, and plant disease scientists. Also for general formulation chemists (as in the paint industry, pharmaceuticals, inks, etc.) and pesticide distributors.
Diagnosis and treatment of atrophic vaginitis. (2000)

Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Because the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may occur in premenopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels of estrogen. The thinned endometrium and increased vaginal pH level induced by estrogen deficiency predispose the vagina and urinary tract to infection and mechanical weakness. The earliest symptoms are decreased vaginal lubrication, followed by other vaginal and urinary symptoms that may be exacerbated by superimposed infection. Once other causes of symptoms have been eliminated, treatment usually depends on estrogen replacement. Estrogen replacement therapy may be provided systemically or locally, but the dosage and delivery method must be individualized. Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants, and participation in coitus may also be beneficial in the treatment of women with atrophic vaginitis.
The portable cell site (1986)

One measure of success in the implementation of cellular mobile radio service is the ability to quickly add new cell sites to an existing system. Whether the need for an additional site arises from a desire to expand geographical coverage or a requirement to increase call carrying capacity, the demand is usually urgent. Nevertheless, once the need is identified and permitted use of the proposed site is obtained, many months are required before the cell site is available for commercial service. This period represents a lost opportunity for revenue. The Portable Cell Site was designed, developed, and implemented to take advantage of this window of opportunity by reducing the interval from permitted use to commercial service to a matter of days instead of months.
Serum and mucosal S100 proteins, calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) and S100A12, are elevated at diagnosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease (2007)

Serum calprotectin and S100A12 are increased in children with IBD and indicate disease activity. Elevated levels of these proteins are present in the colonic mucosa and may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Furthermore, an imbalance between sRAGE and S100A12 may contribute to inflammatory changes present in IBD.
Impact of the DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism on risk for major depression, brain morphology and ERK signaling (2006)

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), identified in a pedigree with a familial psychosis with the chromosome translocation (1:11), is a putative susceptibility gene for psychoses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Although there are a number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the family members with the chromosome translocation, the possible association with MDD has not yet been studied. We therefore performed an association study of the DISC1 gene with MDD and schizophrenia. We found that Cys704 allele of the Ser704Cys single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with an increased risk of developing MDD (P=0.005, odds ratio=1.46) and stronger evidence for association in a multi-marker haplotype analysis containing this SNP (P=0.002). We also explored possible impact of Ser704Cys on brain morphology in healthy volunteers using MR imaging. We found a reduction in gray matter volume in cingulate cortex and a decreased fractional anisotropy in prefrontal white matter of individuals carrying the Cys704 allele compared with Ser/Ser704 subjects. In primary neuronal culture, knockdown of endogenous DISC1 protein by small interfering RNA resulted in the suppression of phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, whose signaling pathways are implicated in MDD. When effects of sDISC1 (Ser704) and cDISC1 (Cys704) proteins were examined separately, phosphorylation of ERK was greater in sDISC1 compared with cDISC1. A possible biological mechanism of MDD might be implicated by these convergent data that Cys704 DISC1 is associated with the lower biological activity on ERK signaling, reduced brain gray matter volume and an increased risk for MDD.
Desmin antibodies in acute infectious myopericarditis (1989)

The role of autoantibodies against cardiac tissue in the pathogenesis of acute myopericarditis is poorly understood--partly because the specificity of the antibodies is unknown. We assayed antibodies against desmin, a cytoskeletal muscle protein, in 18 patients with acute infectious myopericarditis (AIM), in 24 patients with acute uncomplicated infections, in ten patients with acute myocardial infarction, and in 68 blood donors by an immunoenzymatic assay using purified desmin from Purkinje fibers of cow heart. In addition, anti-heart antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-heart antibodies were detected in all groups by indirect immunofluorescence. On the other hand, anti-desmin antibody levels exceeding the mean + 2 SD of the blood donors could demonstrated in seven (39%) AIM patients but in only one patient in the other groups. The analysis of serial samples indicated that the antibody level was highest in the acute phase of AIM and declined during the recovery.
Modulation of cell surface-associated mannoprotein antigen expression in experimental candidal vaginitis (1994)

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) AF1 recognizes an oligosaccharide epitope present on highly immunogenic and immunomodulatory mannoproteins (MP) of Candida albicans. The expression of this epitope (AF1-MP) during experimental candidal vaginitis was studied in two strains of C. albicans (3153 and CA-2) which were equally vaginopathic but differed in the mode of hypha formation in the vagina. In both strains, immunofluorescence of vaginal samples, taken 1 h after challenge, revealed an intense, MAb AF1-specific labelling of the yeast cells. This labelling was very scarce in fungal cells taken at 24 h and on subsequent days during the development of filamentous forms. Electron-microscopic gold immunolabelling observations showed that molecules carrying AF1-MP spanned the entire cell wall in the initial yeast cells but were absent on the cell surface and in the outermost, capsular layer of the cell wall of the germ tubes and filamentous forms. In both strains, at any time and for any form of intravaginal growth, AF1-MP was clearly expressed in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vesicles, and was fully incorporated into the inner layers of the cell wall. As seen by immunofluorescence, the vaginal fluid from C. albicans-infected rats did not hinder the expression of AF1-MP on the yeast cells surface in vitro. In electron-microscopic gold immunolabelling, a hypha-specific MAb (3D9) labelled the surface of the hyphal but not of the yeast cells of C. albicans harvested from rat vagina. Overall, these data strongly suggest that cell surface expression of MP antigen is modulated during intravaginal growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans.
Accurate internal camera calibration using rotation, with analysis of sources of error (2002)

Describes a simple and accurate method for internal camera calibration based on tracking image features through a sequence of images while the camera undergoes pure rotation. A special calibration object is not required and the method can therefore be used both for laboratory calibration and for self calibration in autonomous robots. Experimental results with real images show that focal length and aspect ratio can be found to within 0.15 percent, and lens distortion error can be reduced to a fraction of a pixel. The location of the principal point and the location of the center of radial distortion can each be found to within a few pixels. We perform a simple analysis to show to what extent the various technical details affect the accuracy of the results. We show that having pure rotation is important if the features are derived from objects close to the camera. In the basic method accurate angle measurement is important. The need to accurately measure the angles can be eliminated by rotating the camera through a complete circle while taking an overlapping sequence of images and using the constraint that the sum of the angles must equal 960 degrees.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photochemistry and Photophysics of Liquid Interfaces by Second Harmonic Spectroscopy (1996)

The study of photochemical and photophysical processes at various liquid interfaces using second harmonic generation methods is described. Among the topics discussed are the dynamics of photoinduced structure changes, the transport of charge across an interface, the rotational motions of interfacial molecules, intermolecular energy transfer within the interface, interfacial photopolymerization, and photoprocesses at a semiconductor/liquid interface.
Testing the susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms to antibacterial agents (1990)

In this minireview, we summarize recent studies of the interaction of bacteria in biofilms with antibacterial agents and we discuss the parameters that should be considered in the development of experimental protocols for study of the efficacy of antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria in biofilm.
Evidence of Prevalent Genital-Type Human Papillomavirus Infections in Adults and Children (1990)

Recombinant proteins encoded by the E2, E7, L1, and L2 open reading frames (ORF) of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6b, 16, and 18 were used in Western blot assays to detect serum IgG antibodies in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic (n = 92) and in hospitalized children (n = 81). Antibodies to late gene products (L1 or L2 ORF) were more common than antibodies to early gene products (E2 or E7), both in the adults and the children; overall, the antibody prevalences in the children and the sexually active adults were not significantly different. Human sera with high titers of antibodies to the HPV16 E7 recombinant protein immunoprecipitated the genuine HPV16 E7 protein from the cervical carcinoma cell line CaSki. As an independent measure of HPV infection, the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect HPV6b and HPV16 in oral mucosal scrapings from adults (n = 35) and preschool children (n = 21). In adults, HPV6b and HPV16 DNA were detected in 17% and 23% of oral mucosal samples, respectively. In preschool children, HPV6b and HPV16 DNA were found in 24% and 19% of oral samples, respectively.
Elevated levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 in serum and increased production of IL-1 beta mRNA in lymph nodes of patients with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome (1994)

To evaluate a possible implication of cytokines in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome, we studied five consecutive patients with this condition, of which four had sclerotic bone lesions and four had multicentric Castleman's disease. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 serum levels were determined in these patients (13 serum samples) and in patients with multiple myeloma (5) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (5). In situ hybridization of the relevant mRNAs was performed on lymph node specimens of two patients with POEMS syndrome who had Castleman's disease. Elevated serum levels of IL-1 beta (13/13 samples), and IL-6 (7/13 samples) were found in patients with POEMS syndrome. In the other patients, serum IL-1 beta was undetectable or slightly increased and IL-6 was elevated in a single patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Abundant IL-1 beta mRNA-producing cells were present in interfollicular spaces in the two tested patients, while IL-6 mRNA-producing cells were rare. We conclude that IL-1 beta and IL-6 serum levels may be chronically elevated in patients with POEMS syndrome, and that lymph node may be one site of IL-1 beta overproduction. These results are in keeping with the hypothesis that cytokines mediate systemic manifestations of POEMS syndrome.