gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidrug resistance protein and topoisomerase 2 alpha expression in non-small cell lung cancer are related with brain metastasis postoperatively. (2015)

The aim of this study was to investigate association between expressions of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and topoisomerase 2 alpha expression in non-small cell lung cancer (TOP2A) and brain metastasis operatively. The expression of MRP and TOP2A were performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and the results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. A total of 286 NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery between 2007 and 2013 were enrolled in this study. Positive expression of MRP and TOP2A were 62.2% and 37.8%. MRP positive expression in NSCLC was significantly correlated with tumor cell differentiation (P=0.028). TOP2A expression was significantly associated with patients' smoking status, tumor histological type (P<0.05). The positive MRP group had significantly inferior survival rates for 2-year BMFS than did the negative MRP group (79.0% vs. 93.4%, P=0.003) by the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Similarly, the positive TOP2A expression was inversely correlated with 2-year BMFS (84.2% vs. 93.4%, P=0.030). Multivariate analysis showed that gender, MRP expression and TOP2A expression were independent prognostic factors for BMFS (P<0.05). Positive expressions of MRP and TOP2A in the tumor tissue are associated with increased risk of developing brain metastases in NSCLC.
The Intelligent Travel Assistant (2003)

The ultimate goal of the Intelligent Travel Assistant (ITA) is the fusion and development of a number of technologies into a device that will increase the efficiency of our transportation network through increased use of mass transit and ride sharing. The ITA will include: a) dynamic ridesharing, b) spatio-temporal database management, c) wireless communications, and d) a management framework. The ITA itself is envisioned to be a compact portable device with the capability to plan multi-modal routes for its user. The traveler will enter a desired destination into the ITA and it will formulate several plans to got the user to this destination. The ITA will make use of wireless Internet technology to send and receive traffic information, transit schedules, and arrange for payment of fares. The Global Positioning System (GPS) will be used to track the user's current position for use in route planning and also its it means of assessing traffic conditions while en-route. A spatio-temporal database management system will be used to efficiently track ITA positions in real-time.
More useful maleimide compounds for the conjugation of Fab' to horseradish peroxidase through thiol groups in the hinge. (1984)

Nine different maleimide compounds were evaluated for the conjugation of Fab' to horseradish peroxidase through thiol groups in the hinge. The compounds evaluated were succinimidyl maleimidoacetate (I), succinimidyl 4-maleimidobutyrate (II), succinimidyl 6-maleimidohexanoate (III), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (IV), succinimidyl m-maleimidobenzoate (V), succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (VI), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (VII), sulfosuccinimidyl m-maleimidobenzoate (VIII), and sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (IX). Maleimide groups of I-IV and VII were fairly stable at pH 7.0 at 30 degrees C, while those of the other compounds were significantly decomposed. I-III and VII-IX were sufficiently soluble in the reaction mixture for the introduction of maleimide groups, while the others were more or less precipitated during the reaction. II and III were the most effective in the introduction of maleimide groups and gave the highest recovery of peroxidase in the conjugate, which reached 80%. From these results, II and III were judged to be the most useful, and IV and VII were judged to be fairly useful.
Relative percentage and zonal distribution of mesenchymal progenitor cells in human osteoarthritic and normal cartilage (2011)

The present results underline the suitability of CD166 as a biomarker to identify and, in particular, localize and/or enrich resident MPC with a high chondrogenic potential in human articular cartilage. The percentage of MPC in both OA and normal cartilage is substantially higher than previously reported, suggesting a yet unexplored reserve capacity for regeneration.
Doublex Sequencing in Molecular Diagnosis of Hereditary Diseases (1998)

We describe doublex sequencing of human genomic PCR products using two differently labeled primers in a single reaction and analysis on two automated DNA sequencing devices. Feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by isothermal and cycle sequencing for two different PCR products and by cycle sequencing on both strands of a single product. It was applied to analyze mutations in patient DNAs in routine sample screening. Because it has the advantage of increased throughput and cost reduction while retaining its accuracy and reading length, we found that doublex sequencing is an attractive option for molecular diagnosis of hereditary diseases. This approach would be even more beneficial if it used DNA sequencing devices with several lasers in a single instrument.
학술연구 : 기업가정신과 가족기업 - 연구영역 및 관련성을 중심으로 - (1999)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the research fields of family business, and to research the relatedness of entrepreneurship and family business, The research fields are various points in time where family business and entrepreneurship intersect. These include: (1) family invlovement in start-up activities; (2) family and succession planning; (3) strategic management; (4) conflict management; (5) culture and ethics; (6) women entrepreneur; and (7) functional fields. The relatedness of entrepreneurship and family business consists of separate and distinct but overlapping domains.
Potential and limitations of the electroclinic effect in device applications (1991)

Abstract The electroclinic effect has been investigated from the point of view of its potential application in optical devices with particular emphasis on SLM's. Results and comments are given concerning switching speeds, contrast ratios, analogue response and electrical addressing.
Synthesis and antihyperglycemic activity of novel 5-(naphthalenylsulfonyl)-2,4-thiazolidinediones (1990)

A series of 5-(naphthalenylsulfonyl)-2,4-thiazolidinediones were synthesized and evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity in an insulin-resistant, genetically diabetic db/db mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The sulfones could be synthesized by a novel, selective C-5 sulfonylation of dilithio-2,4-thiazolidinedione with appropriate sulfonyl chlorides. Within this series, naphthalene was found to be superior to other groups for eliciting antihyperglycemic activity, including the p-alkoxyphenyl group found in ciglitazone, a prototypical agent for this activity. Attachment of the 5-sulfonyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione moiety to the 2-naphthalene position led to optimum activity. Other linkers between the naphthalene and 2,4-thiazolidinedione rings, such as thio, methylene, oxy, and sulfinyl led to decreased antihyperglycemic activity. The best analogue, 5-(2-naphthalenylsulfonyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (AY-31,637) was equipotent to ciglitazone in two animal models of NIDDM.
Definitive identification of Bacillus anthracis-a review (1999)

The word 'problem' is seen with some frequency in relation to clear differentiation between Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus. In fact, although the close relationship of these two species is undisputed, it is only in the case of a few borderline isolates, rarely encountered in practice, that any sort of identification problem exists. Until recently this was only important to the taxonomist who found it unsatisfactory not to be able to identify definitively such isolates. To most others, if the isolate was unable to produce anthrax in a laboratory animal, it was discarded as irrelevant without being named, or it was called B. cereus or given a name such as B. anthracis similis, or even a totally unrelated name. More recently, in view of the new light in which B. anthracis is increasingly seen, resulting from its putative association with bioaggression, clear identification has become a more critical issue. This paper reviews the current state of the art and suggests the way forward for the future.
Self‐Healing of Covalently Cross‐Linked Polymers by Reshuffling Thiuram Disulfide Moieties in Air under Visible Light (2012)

Self-healing of covalently cross-linked polymers under an ambient visible light in the bulk state, in air, at room temperature using radical exchange of thiuram disulfide units is reported. The successful attachment of surfaces of cut pieces proceeded under ambient conditions under exposure to visible light from a commercial tabletop lamp, as confirmed by bending and tensile tests.
Alloreactive CD8+ T cells can recognize unusual, rare, and unique processed peptide/MHC complexes (1996)

The identity and abundance of self-peptide/MHC class I complexes that serve as ligands for alloreactive T cells remain largely unknown. Using the Kb-restricted, alloreactive T cells as a probe, the Ag precursor gene, adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), was isolated by expression cloning. Its naturally processed product was identified as the SLVELTSL (SEL8) octapeptide. The SEL8 peptide shared five residues with the previously identified SVVEFSSL (JAL8) peptide that stimulated the same T cell, but lacked the critical phenylalanine/tyrosine residue at the primary p5 anchor position. Despite the absence of this key conserved anchor residue, SEL8 was bound tightly by Kb MHC and yet was expressed at less than 10 copies/cell. Mutations in the donor APRT gene in the APC caused a concomitant loss in the ability of APCs to stimulate T cells. The results confirm that the display of peptide/MHC complexes in cells exceeds the predictions based upon consensus motifs, and that CD8+ alloreactive and conventional Ag-specific T cells are indistinguishable in their ability to recognize unique and rare peptide/MHC class I complexes.
PHOTOACCLIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IRRADIANCE RESPONSE CURVES AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN MICROALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA1 (2002)

The photosynthesis‐irradiance response (PE) curve, in which mass‐specific photosynthetic rates are plotted versus irradiance, is commonly used to characterize photoacclimation. The interpretation of PE curves depends critically on the currency in which mass is expressed. Normalizing the light‐limited rate to chl a yields the chl a ‐specific initial slope (α chl ). This is proportional to the light absorption coefficient (a chl ), the proportionality factor being the photon efficiency of photosynthesis (φ m ). Thus, α chl is the product of a chl and φ m . In microalgae α chl typically shows little (&lt;20%) phenotypic variability because declines of φ m under conditions of high‐light stress are accompanied by increases of a chl . The variation of α chl among species is dominated by changes in a chl due to differences in pigment complement and pigment packaging. In contrast to the microalgae, α chl declines as irradiance increases in the cyanobacteria where phycobiliproteins dominate light absorption because of plasticity in the phycobiliprotein:chl a ratio. By definition, light‐saturated photosynthesis (P m ) is limited by a factor other than the rate of light absorption. Normalizing P m to organic carbon concentration to obtain P m C allows a direct comparison with growth rates. Within species, P m C is independent of growth irradiance. Among species, P m C covaries with the resource‐saturated growth rate. The chl a :C ratio is a key physiological variable because the appropriate currencies for normalizing light‐limited and light‐saturated photosynthetic rates are, respectively, chl a and carbon. Typically, chl a :C is reduced to about 40% of its maximum value at an irradiance that supports 50% of the species‐specific maximum growth rate and light‐harvesting accessory pigments show similar or greater declines. In the steady state, this down‐regulation of pigment content prevents microalgae and cyanobacteria from maximizing photosynthetic rates throughout the light‐limited region for growth. The reason for down‐regulation of light harvesting, and therefore loss of potential photosynthetic gain at moderately limiting irradiances, is unknown. However, it is clear that maximizing the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation is not the only criterion governing photoacclimation.
Electrothermally activated SU-8 microgripper for single cell manipulation in solution (2005)

The development of a SU-8-based microgripper that can operate in physiological ionic solutions is presented. The electrothermally activated polymer gripper consists of two "hot-and-cold-arm" actuators that are fabricated in a two-mask surface micromachining process. The high thermal expansion coefficient of SU-8 (52 ppm//spl deg/C) compared to silicon and metals, allows the actuation of the microgripper with small average temperature elevations (10 - 32/spl deg/C) at low voltages (1-2 V). The polymer microgripper can be used for the manipulation of single cells and other biological species in solution with minimal undesired interactions.
Postembryonic production and aging of inner ear hair cells in sharks (1981)

In many animals the sensory hair cells of the inner ear are ultrastructurally variable within individual epithelia. This variation has been hypothetically related to both the function and the age of the individual cells. In this study, growth-related changes in hair cell populations were examined in the macula neglecta sensory epithelia of juvenile and adult sharks. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that more than 80% of the 200,000 hair cells in the adult's macula negecta are produced postembryonically. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography and histological descriptions of the hair cells in this sound detector indicate that new sensory cells are produced in growth zones at the edges of the epithelia. The hair cells in those zones have small cell bodies, small and heterogeneous cilia complexes, and associations with small numbers of particularly thin nerve terminals. Their cytological features and their sparse innervation contrast with the features of the more numerous central cells in each epithelium, but appear to resemble the published descriptions of embryonically developing hair cells. Thus, a germinal zone at the leading edge of sensory epithelium growth appears to persist into adult life in sharks. Published reports reinterpreted in light of this evidence suggest that such hair cell population growth may be expected in other anamniotes and that latent growth zones might persist in the ears of amniotes.
Alpha 3 beta 1 integrin has a crucial role in kidney and lung organogenesis (1996)

A mutation was targeted to the murine alpha3 integrin gene. Homozygous mutant mice survived to birth, but died during the neonatal period. The mutation caused abnormal kidney and lung development. Mutant kidneys displayed decreased branching of the medullary collecting ducts, although the number of nephrons was not altered. Proximal tubules exhibited two distinct subsets of abnormalities, with the epithelial cells either containing excess lysosomes or becoming microcystic. In addition, glomerular development was markedly affected. In mutant kidneys, the extent of branching of glomerular capillary loops was decreased, with capillary lumina being wider than normal. The glomerular basement membrane was disorganized and glomerular podocytes were unable to form mature foot processes. Branching of the bronchi in lungs of mutant mice was also decreased and the large bronchi extended to the periphery. These results indicate a role for integrin receptors in basement membrane organization and branching morphogenesis.
Anti‐inflammatory agents as a therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease (1992)

Postmortem analyses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissue reveal reactive microglia expressing high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins, immunoglobulin receptors, and complement receptors; small but significant numbers of T-lymphocytes infiltrating tissue; enhanced cytokine and cytokine receptor expression; and profuse immunoreactivity for complement proteins of the classic pathway colocalized with senile plaques, dystrophic neurites, and some neurofibrillary tangles. Protectin, clusterin, and vitronectin, three proteins designed to defend host cells against "bystander lysis" caused by the membrane attack complex of complement, are all expressed at high levels in AD tissue but not in normal tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate that immune-mediated autodestructive processes may occur in AD. In view of the urgency to find treatments for AD and disappointing results with the many classes of pharmacologic agents that have so far been given clinical trials, exploration of the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory agents may now be warranted.
Contemporary patient-tailored treatment strategies against high risk and relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2018)

Recurrence of disease due to chemotherapy drug resistance remains a major obstacle to a more successful survival outcome of multiple myeloma (MM). Overcoming drug resistance and salvaging patients with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) MM is an urgent and unmet medical need. Several new personalized treatment strategies have been developed against molecular targets to overcome this drug resistance. There are several targeted therapeutics with anti-MM activity in clinical pipeline, including inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, fusion proteins, and various cell therapy platforms. For example, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific CAR-T cell platforms showed promising activity in heavily pretreated R/R MM patients. Therefore, there is renewed hope for high-risk as well as R/R MM patients in the era of personalized medicine.
Identification of a hydrophobic region in the carboxyl terminus of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor which is important for ligand-mediated endocytosis. (1991)

The functional properties of carboxyl terminally truncated mutants of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor were compared with those of the wild-type receptor and a receptor mutant made kinase negative by a point mutation. A mutant in which 98 amino acids were deleted retained kinase activity and mediated a mitogenic signal, whereas deletion of 141 or 155 amino acids led to loss of kinase activity and ability to mediate a mitogenic signal. The mutant with 155 amino acids deleted, i.e. the entire carboxyl-terminal tail downstream of the kinase domain, did not undergo ligand-mediated internalization and down-regulation, whereas the mutant with 141 amino acids deleted was internalized at a relatively high rate. This indicates that the 14 amino acids immediately downstream of the kinase domain is of importance for the internalization of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor. This region is hydrophobic and shares no similarity to other sequences postulated to mediate endocytotic signals.
α-Klotho protects against oxidative damage in pulmonary epithelia (2014)

α-Klotho exerts pleiotropic biological actions. Heterozygous α-Klotho haplo-insufficient mice (kl/+) appear normal at baseline except for age-related changes in the lung, suggesting heightened pulmonary susceptibility to α-Klotho deficiency. We used in vivo and in vitro models to test whether α-Klotho protects lung epithelia against injury. Normally, α-Klotho is not expressed in the lung, but circulating α-Klotho levels are reduced -40% in kl/+ mice and undetectable in homozygous α-Klotho-deficient mice (kl/kl). kl/+ mice show distal air space enlargement at a given airway pressure, with elevated lung oxidative damage marker (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; 8-OHdG); these abnormalities are exacerbated in kl/kl mice. Studies were performed in A549 lung epithelial cells and/or primary culture of alveolar epithelial cells. Hyperoxia (95% O2) and high inorganic phosphate concentrations (Pi, 3-5 mM) additively caused cell injury (lactate dehydrogenase release), oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG), lipid oxidation (8-isoprostane), protein oxidation (carbonyl), and apoptosis (caspase-8 activity and TUNEL stain). Transfection of transmembrane or soluble α-Klotho, or addition of soluble α-Klotho-containing conditioned media, increased cellular antioxidant capacity (Cu- and Fe-based assays) via increased nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factors 1 and 2 (Nrf1/2) transcriptional activity and ameliorated hyperoxic and phosphotoxic injury. To validate the findings in vivo, we injected α-Klotho-containing conditioned media into rat peritoneum before and during hyperoxia exposure and found reduced alveolar interstitial edema and oxidative damage. We conclude that circulating α-Klotho protects the lung against oxidative damage and apoptosis partly via increasing endogenous antioxidative capacity in pulmonary epithelia. Cytoprotection by α-Klotho may play an important role in degenerative diseases of the lung.
Model-based compensation of the additive noise for continuous speech recognition. experiments using the Aurora II database and tasks (2001)

In this paper we apply a model-based compensation method to cancel the effect of the additive noise in Automatic Speech Recognition systems. The method is formulated in a statistical framework in order to perform the optimal compensation of the noise effect given the observed noisy speech, a model describing the statistics of the speech recorded in a clean reference environment and the estimation of the noise in the noisy recognition environment. The noise is estimated using the first frames of the sentence to be recognized and a frame-by-frame noise compensation algorithm is performed, so that the compensation procedure does not constrain real-time speech recognition systems and is compatible with emerging technologies based on distributed speech recognition. We have performed recognition experiments under noise conditions using the AURORA II database for the recognition tasks developed for this database as a standard reference. Experiments have been carried out including both, clean and multicondition training approaches. The experimental results show the improvements in the recognition performance when the proposed model-based compensation method is applied.
The Mathematics of Internet Congestion Control (2004)

Congestion control algorithms were implemented for the Internet nearly two decades ago, but mathematical models of congestion control in such a large-scale network are relatively new. This text presen
STUDIES WITH BRUCELLA ENDOTOXIN IN HUMANS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENDOTOXIN IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRUCELLOSIS (1958)

The mechanisms by which patients ill with brucellosis develop their characteristic symptoms of fever, chills, myalgia, asthenia and malaise have not been precisely elucidated. In particular, the contributions of the brucella cell itself to the pathogenesis of these clinical features have not been extensively investigated. An unusual clinical observation (1) suggested that some component of the cell did play a significant role. When patients seriously ill with brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis were treated with chlortetracycline, an unexpected abrupt febrile response often occurred within 8 to 12 hours after the initial dose of the antibiotic. These adverse reactions could be abolished or ameliorated by administering smaller initial doses of the antibiotic. Such effects suggested to the observers that, as a result of the antibrucella activity of the chlortetracycline, brucella cells were killed, thus liberating some cellular component which then produced the febrile response. This component was presumably the endotoxin of the cell.