gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of glycoprotein gene sequences of herpes simplex virus type 2 from primary to recurrent human infection, and diversity of the sequences among patients attending an STD clinic (2014)

Although infections of cell cultures and animal models are useful for studies of herpes simplex virus, it is important to know how the virus behaves in the natural host. We observed that several glycoprotein gene sequences are stable from primary to recurrent infection. However, the virus isolates from the different patients were genetically different.
Atom-size gaps and contacts between electrodes fabricated with a self-terminated electrochemical method (2002)

We describe a method to fabricate atomic-scale gaps and contacts between two metal electrodes. The method uses a directional electrodeposition process and has a built-in self-termination mechanism. The final gap width and contact size are preset by an external resistor (Rext) that is connected in series to one of the electrodes. If 1/Rext is chosen to be much smaller than the conductance quantum (G0=2e2/h), a small gap with conductance determined by electron tunneling is formed. If 1/Rext is comparable or greater than G0, a contact with conductance near a multiple of G0 is fabricated.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen. (1997)

Viral respiratory infections can predispose to the development of asthma by mechanisms that are presently undetermined. Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, acute infection is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness as well as enhanced responses to subsequent sensitization to allergen. We demonstrate that acute viral infection results in increased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and pulmonary neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. This response is associated with predominant production of Th-1-type cytokines in peribronchial lymph node cells in vitro. Mice sensitized to ovalbumin via the airways after RSV infection developed increased airway responsiveness to methacholine and pulmonary eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, associated with the predominant production of Th-2-type cytokines. Treatment of the mice with anti-IL-5 antibody abolished airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic but not neutrophilic inflammation in both acutely infected mice and mice sensitized after infection. We conclude that RSV infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness in the acute phase and leads to changes in immune function that can enhance the effects of airway sensitization to antigen after infection. In both situations, airway hyperresponsiveness is closely associated with pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation. This model provides a means for further analyzing the influence of viral respiratory infections on airway sensitization and the development of altered airway responsiveness.
Multivariate analysis of various factors affecting background liver and mediastinal standardized uptake values (2012)

As mediastinal SUVs are not affected significantly by any of the factors, it can be considered as background when wide variations occur in uptake times or weight of the patient when comparing two PET/CT studies to evaluate response.
Neutralizing epitopes specific for influenza B virus Yamagata group strains are in the ‘loop’ (2003)

To study the neutralizing epitopes of influenza B virus Yamagata group strains, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to select escape mutants of the virus. mAbs 5H4 and 3A12 were found to react with B/Yamagata group strains in haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests; no reactivity with B/Victoria group strains was observed. Most of the mutants reacted poorly to polyclonal ferret antibody against the 1998 isolate. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences identified a single amino acid substitution at residue 141 (Gly-->Arg) or 149 (Arg-->Gly) in 5H4-escape mutants and 141 (Gly-->Arg), 147 (Thr-->Ile) or 148 (Ser-->Gly) in 3A12-escape mutants. These residues are situated in close proximity in the 'loop' of the haemagglutinin molecule. These epitopes have been conserved in B/Yamagata group strains for almost 10 years in Japan but amino acid substitutions in the loop have been observed in clinical isolates only since 1999.
Sterols. CLVII. Sapogenins. LXIX.1 Isolation and Structures of Thirteen New Steroidal Sapogenins. New Sources for Known Sapogenins (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterols. CLVII. Sapogenins. LXIX.1 Isolation and Structures of Thirteen New Steroidal Sapogenins. New Sources for Known SapogeninsRussell E. Marker, R. B. Wagner, Paul R. Ulshafer, Emerson L. Wittbecker, Dale P. J. Goldsmith, and Clarence H. RuofCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1199–1209Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precursor route pentacene metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (1996)

Metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors have been constructed with pentacene as the active semiconductor. The pentacene is processed by spin coating from a soluble precursor. A simple thermal conversion yields transistors with carrier mobilities as high as 9×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and current modulations of the order of 105. Depletion of charge is essential to the device operation. Data for an invertor exhibiting voltage amplification are presented.
Structure and Cancer Immunotherapy of the B7 Family Member B7x (2014)

B7x (B7-H4 or B7S1) is a member of the B7 family that can inhibit T cell function. B7x protein is absent in most normal human tissues and immune cells, but it is overexpressed in human cancers and often correlates with negative clinical outcome. The expression pattern and function of B7x suggest that it may be a potent immunosuppressive pathway in human cancers. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the human B7x immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain at 1.59 Å resolution and mapped the epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies. We developed an in vivo system to screen therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against B7x and found that the clone 1H3 significantly inhibited growth of B7x-expressing tumors in vivo via multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, the surviving mice given 1H3 treatment were resistant to tumor rechallenge. Our data suggest that targeting B7x on tumors is a promising cancer immunotherapy and humanized 1H3 may be efficacious for immunotherapy of human cancers.
Maximum permissible exposures for ocular safety (ANSI 2000), with emphasis on ophthalmic devices (2007)

After discussing the rationale and assumptions of the ANSI Z136.1-2000 Standard for protection of the human eye from laser exposure, we present the concise formulation of the exposure limits expressed as maximum permissible radiant exposure (in J/cm(2)) for light overfilling the pupil. We then translate the Standard to a form that is more practical for typical ophthalmic devices or in vision research situations, implementing the special qualifications of the Standard. The safety limits are then expressed as radiant power (watts) entering the pupil of the eye. Exposure by repetitive pulses is also addressed, as this is frequently employed in ophthalmic applications. Examples are given that will familiarize potential users with this format.
Common benign skin tumors. (2003)

Benign skin tumors are commonly seen by family physicians. The ability to properly diagnose and treat common benign tumors and to distinguish them from malignant lesions is a vital skill for all family physicians. Any lesions for which the diagnosis is uncertain, based on the history and gross examination, should be biopsied for histopathologic examination to rule out malignancy. Lipomas are technically subcutaneous soft tissue tumors, not skin tumors, and controversy exists about whether keratoacanthomas have malignant potential; however, both are discussed in this article because they are common tumors evaluated by family physicians. Diagnosis usually is based on the appearance of the lesion and the patient's clinical history, although biopsy is sometimes required. Treatment includes excision, cryotherapy, curettage with or without electrodesiccation, and pharmacotherapy, and is based on the type of tumor and its location. Generally, excision is the treatment of choice for lipomas, dermatofibromas, keratoacanthomas, pyogenic granulomas, and epidermoid cysts. Cherry angiomas and sebaceous hyperplasia are often treated with laser therapy and electrodesiccation. Common treatments for acrochordons and seborrheic keratoses are cryotherapy and shave excision. Referral is indicated if the family physician is not confident with the diagnostic evaluation or treatment of a lesion, or if a biopsy reveals melanoma.
Ab Initio Thermochemistry of the Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbon Radicals Using Silicon-, Germanium-, Tin-, and Lead-Substituted Methane and Isobutane (2007)

A series of reactions of the type Y· + XH4 → YH + ·XH3 and Y‘· + HX(CH3)3 → Y‘H + ·X(CH3)3, where Y = H, CH3; Y‘ = CH3, C(CH3)3; and X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb are studied using state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure methods. Second-order Møller−Plesset perturbation theory; the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples method; and density functional theory are used with correlation-consistent basis sets (cc-pVNZ, where N = D, T, Q) and their pseudopotential analogs (cc-pVNZ-PP) to determine the transition-state geometries, activation barriers, and thermodynamic properties of these reactions. Trends in the barrier heights as a function of the group IVA atom (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) are examined. With respect to kinetics and thermodynamics, the use of a hydrogen attached to a group IVA element as a possible hydrogen donation tool in the mechanosynthesis of diamondoids appears feasible.
LET versus EMLA for Pretreating Lacerations: A Randomized Trial (2001)

Pretreatment of simple lacerations with LET or EMLA at the time of patient presentation results in similar amounts of pain of subsequent local infiltration of lidocaine
Theory of laser phase noise in recirculating fiber-optic delay lines (1985)

Optically driven recirculating delay lines, often used in fiber-optic signal processors, convert the source phase noise to spectrally structured intensity noise at the loop output. This spectrum is characterized by deep notches at zero frequency as well as at other multiples of 1/(loop delay). An expression is derived for the power spectral density of the output noise. The formulae obtained, are then used to investigate the dependence of the magnitude and shape of this noise on the source coherence time, the coupling ratio, the coupler and loop losses, and the fiber birefringence.
Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsions for the treatment of dry eye: a review of the clinical evidence (2015)

Dry eye has gained recognition as a public health problem given its high prevalence, morbidity and cost implications. Although dry eye is common and affects patients' quality of life, only one medication, cyclosporine 0.05% emulsion, has been approved by the US FDA for its treatment. In this review, we summarize the basic science and clinical data regarding the use of cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. Randomized controlled trials showed that cyclosporine emulsion outperformed vehicles in the majority of trials, consistently decreasing corneal staining and increasing Schirmer scores. Symptom improvement was more variable, however, with ocular dryness shown to be the most consistently improved symptom over vehicle.
Systemic Adverse Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy (1999)

All inhaled corticosteroids exhibit dose-related systemic adverse effects, although these are less than with a comparable dose of oral corticosteroids. Metaanalysis shows that fluticasone propionate exhibits greater dose-related systemic bioactivity compared with other available inhaled corticosteroids, particularly at doses above 0.8 mg/d. The long-term systemic burden will be minimized by always trying to achieve the lowest possible maintenance dose that is associated with optimal asthmatic control and quality of life.
The Lead Tetraacetate Oxidation of 1- and 2-Benzenesulfonamido- and Benzamidonaphthalenes1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Lead Tetraacetate Oxidation of 1- and 2-Benzenesulfonamido- and Benzamidonaphthalenes1Henry J. Richter and Robert L. DresslerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 4066–4068Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a515https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a515research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ranolazine Inhibits An Oxidative Stress-induced Increase in Myocyte Sodium and Calcium Loading During Simulated-demand Ischemia (2008)

Ranolazine inhibits the late Na current and is proposed to reduce angina by decreasing [Na]i during ischemia, thereby reducing Ca influx via Na/Ca exchange (NCX). We sought to test this hypothesis and to determine whether oxidative stress during simulated-demand ischemia activates the late Na current. We measured [Ca]i and [Na]i in rabbit ventricular myocytes by flow cytometry during metabolic inhibition (MI) with 2 mM cyanide and 0 mM glucose at 37 degrees C plus pacing (P) at 0.5 Hz (P-MI), and in P-MI + 1, 10, or 50 microM ranolazine. In the clinically relevant concentration range (1-10 microM), ranolazine decreased Na and Ca loading and the development of myocyte contracture. P-MI caused an increase in fluorescence of the oxidative radical probe CM-H2DCFDA, which was inhibited by the radical scavenger Tiron 20 mM. The NCX inhibitor KB-R7943 (10 microM) and Tiron 20 mM reduced the rise in [Ca]i during P-MI and eliminated the effect of 10 microM ranolazine on [Ca]i. These results indicate that oxidative stress increases the late Na current during MI. Inhibition of the resulting increase in Na and Ca loading and contracture seems to account for the observed antiischemia effects of ranolazine.
Modulation of autoantibody production by mycophenolate mofetil: effects on the development of SLE in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice (2003)

The mechanisms through which MMF controls the development of SLE in (NZB x NZW)F(1) females is highly dependent upon immunosuppressor dose. Interestingly, lower dose MMF selectively reduced IgG2a antibody levels, suggesting that this dose may modulate T(H1) CD4+ activity.
Active Immunization against Nicotine Suppresses Nicotine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Rat Nucleus accumbens Shell (2002)

Active immunization with IP18-KLH prevents a central effect of nicotine that is considered critical for the induction of nicotine dependence. Consequently, active immunization may provide long-term protection against initiation of tobacco dependence, an effect that may prove particularly advantageous in relapse prevention.
PROPERTIES OF THE TRANSLOCATABLE TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE ELEMENT Tn10 IN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA (1978)

A number of independent insertions into bacteriophage lambda of the translocatable tetracycline-resistance element Tn10 have been isolated and characterized. The physical positions and relative orientations of several such insertions were determined. Two independent insertions appear to lie in the same orientation at or very near the same site in the cI gene, and two more lie in opposite orientations at or near the same position in or near the rex gene. Insertions in or near genes cI, rex, and cIII have been characterized genetically for their effects on expression of nearby genes. Tn10 appears to exert a polar effect on expression of distal genes when it is inserted within an operon, even when expression of that operon is under the influence of lambda N-function. In addition, Tn10 insertions in rex appear to influence in some way expression of an "upstream" gene, cI. Lambda derivatives carrying Tn10 give rise to spontaneously occurring, tetracycline-sensitive deletions at high frequencies. It is likely that formation of these deletions is promoted in some way by the Tn10 element. Lambda::Tn10 phages carrying a Tn10 element that has undergone several successive cycles of translocation since its first isolation and characterization have been analyzed. The results confirm that Tn10 often retains its physical and functional integrity during many cycles of translocation. Lambda derivatives carrying Tn10 have been used to generate insertions of Tn10 in the chromosome of Escherichia coli. This process is independent of recA function, and seems to be quite analogous to the translocation of Tn10 in Salmonella typhimurium as studied previously.
Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: Action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues (2005)

Human pharmacokinetics data indicate that i.v. ascorbic acid (ascorbate) in pharmacologic concentrations could have an unanticipated role in cancer treatment. Our goals here were to test whether ascorbate killed cancer cells selectively, and if so, to determine mechanisms, using clinically relevant conditions. Cell death in 10 cancer and 4 normal cell types was measured by using 1-h exposures. Normal cells were unaffected by 20 mM ascorbate, whereas 5 cancer lines had EC(50) values of <4 mM, a concentration easily achievable i.v. Human lymphoma cells were studied in detail because of their sensitivity to ascorbate (EC(50) of 0.5 mM) and suitability for addressing mechanisms. Extracellular but not intracellular ascorbate mediated cell death, which occurred by apoptosis and pyknosis/necrosis. Cell death was independent of metal chelators and absolutely dependent on H(2)O(2) formation. Cell death from H(2)O(2) added to cells was identical to that found when H(2)O(2) was generated by ascorbate treatment. H(2)O(2) generation was dependent on ascorbate concentration, incubation time, and the presence of 0.5-10% serum, and displayed a linear relationship with ascorbate radical formation. Although ascorbate addition to medium generated H(2)O(2), ascorbate addition to blood generated no detectable H(2)O(2) and only trace detectable ascorbate radical. Taken together, these data indicate that ascorbate at concentrations achieved only by i.v. administration may be a pro-drug for formation of H(2)O(2), and that blood can be a delivery system of the pro-drug to tissues. These findings give plausibility to i.v. ascorbic acid in cancer treatment, and have unexpected implications for treatment of infections where H(2)O(2) may be beneficial.
The nature of the active species in bis(imino)pyridyl cobalt ethylene polymerisation catalysts. (2001)

Studies on cobalt ethylene polymerisation catalysts bearing bis(imino)pyridine ligands strongly indicate that the activated species is not the anticipated cobalt(II) alkyl cation.
Multilocus Sequence Typing and Evolutionary Relationships among the Causative Agents of Melioidosis and Glanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei (2003)

A collection of 147 isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. thailandensis was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The 128 isolates of B. pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, were obtained from diverse geographic locations, from humans and animals with disease, and from the environment and were resolved into 71 sequence types. The utility of the MLST scheme for epidemiological investigations was established by analyzing isolates from captive marine mammals and birds and from humans in Hong Kong with melioidosis. MLST gave a level of resolution similar to that given by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and identified the same three clones causing disease in animals, each of which was also associated with disease in humans. The average divergence between the alleles of B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei was 3.2%, and there was no sharing of alleles between these species. Trees constructed from differences in the allelic profiles of the isolates and from the concatenated sequences of the seven loci showed that the B. pseudomallei isolates formed a cluster of closely related lineages that were fully resolved from the cluster of B. thailandensis isolates, confirming their separate species status. However, isolates of B. mallei, the causative agent of glanders, recovered from three continents over a 30-year period had identical allelic profiles, and the B. mallei isolates clustered within the B. pseudomallei group of isolates. Alleles at six of the seven loci in B. mallei were also present within B. pseudomallei isolates, and B. mallei is a clone of B. pseudomallei that, on population genetics grounds, should not be given separate species status.
Evidence for the Complex Formation between Reverse Transcriptase and Multicopy Single-stranded DNA in Retron EC83 (1997)

Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is produced by reverse transcriptase (RT) and is mutagenic in E. coli. In order to study the interaction between msDNA and RT, an RT open reading frame of retron EC83 was fused with maltose binding protein. The fusion protein, MBP-RT, was active in msDNA synthesis. The msDNA was copurified with MBP-RT by amylose affinity column. When purified msDNA was mixed with MBP-RT, the msDNA formed a complex with the fusion protein. These results show that msDNA is present as a complex with RT in vivo and it is able to form such a complex in vitro. We suggest that RT may compete with MutS protein for binding to msDNA and thereby controls mutagenesis by msDNA.
Components of Bacterial Ribosomes (1982)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More