gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Normal and Mutant Huntingtin in the Developing Brain (1996)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a genetic mutation that results in a polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin. The time course of neuronal loss in the HD striatum and other affected brain regions before the onset of symptoms is unknown. To determine the potential influence of huntingtin on brain development, we examined its expression in the developing mouse and in human control and HD brain. By Western blot, huntingtin was detected throughout the adult mouse brain and at all stages of embryonic and postnatal brain development. The protein increased significantly between postnatal day 7 (P7) and P15, which marks a period of active neuronal differentiation and enhanced sensitivity to excitotoxic injury in the rodent striatum. Immunoreactivity was found in neurons throughout the brain and localized mostly to the somatodendritic cytoplasm and to axons in fiber bundles. Staining was variable in different groups of neurons and within the same cell population. In developing brain, huntingtin was limited primarily to neuronal perikarya. Increased immunoreactivity in large neurons followed the gradient of neurogenesis and appeared in the basal forebrain and brainstem by embryonic days 15-17, in regions of cortex by P0-P1, and in the striatum by P7. In human brain at midgestation (19-21 weeks), huntingtin was detected in all regions. The brain of a 10-week-old infant with the expanded HD allele expressed a higher molecular weight mutant form of huntingtin at levels comparable to those of the wild-type protein. Thus, mutant huntingtin is expressed before neuronal maturation is complete. Results suggest that huntingtin has an important constitutive role in neurons during brain development, that heterogeneity in neuronal expression of the protein is developmentally regulated, and that the intraneuronal distribution of huntingtin increases in parallel with neuronal maturation. The presence of mutant huntingtin in the immature HD brain raises the possibility that neurons may be affected during brain development and possibly in the postnatal period when vulnerability to excitotoxic injury is at its peak.
Integrated Power Management of Data Centers and Electric Vehicles for Energy and Regulation Market Participation (2014)

Large scale data centers and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are valuable assets that can be used to balance power grid frequency by adjusting their power consumption. This paper considers the joint power management of a data center and the PEVs of its employees for frequency regulation. The problem involves designing a real-time power control strategy for the integrated assets to collectively track the assigned frequency regulation signal, as well as developing a market planning strategy that determines the best baseload and capacity (regulation up/down) values over a multi-hour operating period to minimize energy cost and maximize regulation service revenue. A two-layer hierarchical power management framework is proposed, which enables a systematic design of both the tracking control and market planning problems. The proposed framework is evaluated based on real workload, regulation signal, and market data. The simulation results indicate that the regulation signal can be accurately tracked, and our scheme outperforms other designs that manage different regulation assets separately.
A pure church? Ecclesiological reflections from the Gospel of Matthew (2006)

The distinctive nature of the rural church community is considered in relation to the question of ‘belonging’. It is suggested that the Gospel of Matthew provides useful guidelines for understanding such a community. It displays on the one hand a clear sense of the ultimate division between saved and lost but on the other hand a reluctance to draw clear lines between insiders and outsiders as far as the earthly community is concerned. There will be surprises at the final judgment. Until then, wheat and weeds must grow together until harvest, even though pragmatic measures will be needed to maintain the church’s witness. Such a church is an inclusive school of discipleship rather than an exclusive gathering of the saved.
Fabrication and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannels by in situ polymerization with a novel metal template (2003)

A stainless steel template for the fabrication of plastic microfluidic devices has been developed by photolithography and chemical etching technique. The preparation process of the template is simple, rapid, and low-cost. The cross sectional profiles of raised microchannels on the template are trapezoidal. The surface roughness of the templates was controlled down to 190 nm. The template can be used repeatedly to generate devices reproducibly. The microfluidic devices of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were fabricated by in situ polymerization using the templates. The reproducibility of the fabricated microchannel is high and the relative standard deviation is 0.7% by the in situ polymerization approach. Some physical properties of the polymerized microchannels were characterized including the transparency, the thermal deformation temperature, and the dimensional information. Current monitoring was used to evaluate the electroosmotic flow within the microchannels under the electric field strength of 300 V/cm.
Clostridium difficile: History of Its Role as an Enteric Pathogen and the Current State of Knowledge About the Organism (1994)

Clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified enteric pathogen in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. It accounts for 10%-25% of all cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and virtually all cases of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Clinical features that distinguish infection with C. difficile from that due to many other enteric pathogens are hyperpyrexia, leukemoid reactions, toxic megacolon, pseudomembranous colitis, hypoalbuminemia, and chronic diarrhea. Factors important in the pathogenesis of disease are exposure to antibiotics, the presence of C. difficile in the patient's indigenous flora or acquisition of the organism from an environmental source, production of toxin A, and age-related susceptibility. The criterion standard for testing is the tissue culture assay; alternatives are culture and other methods of antigen detection including EIA, dot blot hybridization assay, and latex agglutination. The optimal drug for treatment is vancomycin; however, metronidazole is often used because it is less expensive. At present the main problems associated with C. difficile infection are treatment of patients with ileus, the management and prevention of nosocomial epidemics, and the management of repeated relapses.
A New Matrix for Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization on Magnetic Sector Instruments with Point Detectors (1996)

A new matrix consisting of a binary mixture of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 3-amino-quinoline has been developed specifically for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis on magnetic sector mass spectrometers with point detectors. The major benefit of this matrix is that it is a viscous liquid with a self-healing surface. These properties provide very long-lasting and reasonably constant ion currents from pmol quantities of analyte, allowing MALDI-magnetic sector spectra to be obtained even though a non-integrating point detector is used. The applicability of this matrix for biological samples is demonstrated by analyzing a mixture of complex N-linked oligosaccharides with the new liquid matrix and with several traditional solid MALDI matrices both on magnetic sector and time-of-flight instruments.
Relations among interaural cross-correlation coefficient (IACCE), lateral fraction (LFE), and apparent source width (ASW) in concert halls (1998)

Relations are determined between one of the important subjective attributes of concert hall acoustics, the apparent source width, ASW, and three acoustical measures, interaural cross-correlation coefficient IACCE, LFE, and strength factor G. Although these measures previously have been found to correlate with ASW, their relations with it have not been examined sufficiently, especially in respect to their frequency characteristics. Herein, ASW's are directly determined for electronically reproduced musical sound fields with extensive ranges of values for IACCE and LFE. Investigated as parameters are angles of incidence, the time delay difference between a pair of symmetric early lateral reflections, and the number of early lateral reflections. These studies indicate the relative efficacy of IACCE and LFE for determining ASW under conditions that are realistically encountered in concert halls. The results were compared with measured IACCE's, LFE's, and also the strength factor G's in existing concert halls. It is concluded that the arithmetic average of [1-IACCE]'s at 500, 1 k and 2 k Hz combined with the strength factor Glow of the sound field at frequencies below 250 Hz are physical measures highly correlated with the subjective rank ordering of concert halls and that they cover the effects on ASW of the entire octave-band frequency range from 125 to 4 k Hz.
Archaeal nucleosomes (1997)

Archaea contain histones that have primary sequences in common with eukaryal nucleosome core histones and a three-dimensional structure that is essentially only the histone fold. Here we report the results of experiments that document that archaeal histones compact DNA in vivo into structures similar to the structure formed by the histone (H3+H4)2 tetramer at the center of the eukaryal nucleosome. After formaldehyde cross-linking in vivo, these archaeal nucleosomes have been isolated from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and Methanothermus fervidus, visualized by electron microscopy on plasmid and genomic DNAs, and shown by immunogold labeling, SDS/PAGE, and immunoblotting to contain archaeal histones, cross-linked into tetramers. Archaeal nucleosomes protect approximately 60 bp of DNA and multiples of approximately 60 bp from micrococcal nuclease digestion, and immunoprecipitation has demonstrated that most, but not all, M. fervidus genomic DNA sequences are associated in vivo with archaeal histones.
Diffraction-limited polarized emission from a multimode ytterbium fiber amplifier after a nonlinear beam converter (2004)

The multimode and depolarized output beam of a highly multimode diode-pumped Yb-doped fiber amplifier is converted to a diffraction-limited, linearly polarized beam by a self-referencing two-wave-mixing process in an infrared-sensitive photorefractive crystal (Rh:BaTiO3). As much as 11.6 W of single-mode output is achieved with a 78% multimode-to-single-mode photorefractive conversion efficiency.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Imiquimod and 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: Critical Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy Studies (2005)

The results of this meta-analysis show that both imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil are effective methods for the treatment of actinic keratosis and provide a useful alternative to cryotherapy. However, this analysis suggests that imiquimod may have higher efficacy than 5-fluorouracil for actinic keratosis lesions located on the face and scalp and therefore provides another option to dermatologists.
Electromagnetic fields around silver nanoparticles and dimers (2003)

We use the discrete dipole approximation to investigate the electromagnetic fields induced by optical excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances of silver nanoparticles, including monomers and dimers, with emphasis on what size, shape, and arrangement leads to the largest local electric field (E-field) enhancement near the particle surfaces. The results are used to determine what conditions are most favorable for producing enhancements large enough to observe single molecule surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Most of the calculations refer to triangular prisms, which exhibit distinct dipole and quadrupole resonances that can easily be controlled by varying particle size. In addition, for the dimer calculations we study the influence of dimer separation and orientation, especially for dimers that are separated by a few nanometers. We find that the largest /E/2 values for dimers are about a factor of 10 larger than those for all the monomers examined. For all particles and particle orientations, the plasmon resonances which lead to the largest E-fields are those with the longest wavelength dipolar excitation. The spacing of the particles in the dimer plays a crucial role, and we find that the spacing needed to achieve a given /E/2 is proportional to nanoparticle size for particles below 100 nm in size. Particle shape and curvature are of lesser importance, with a head to tail configuration of two triangles giving enhanced fields comparable to head to head, or rounded head to tail. The largest /E/2 values we have calculated for spacings of 2 nm or more is approximately 10(5).
Rate-Controlled Delivery Systems in Drug and Hormone Research (1984)

Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic ...Read More
Analysis of Radiation-Pressure Induced Mechanical Oscillation of an Optical Microcavity (2005)

The theoretical work of Braginsky predicted that radiation pressure can couple the mechanical, mirror eigenmodes of a Fabry-Pérot resonator to its optical modes, leading to a parametric oscillation instability. This regime is characterized by regenerative mechanical oscillation of the mechanical mirror eigenmodes. We have recently observed the excitation of mechanical modes in an ultrahigh Q optical microcavity. Here, we present a detailed experimental analysis of this effect and demonstrate that radiation pressure is the excitation mechanism of the observed mechanical oscillations.
Pentavalent organobismuth reagents. Part 2. The phenylation of phenols (1985)

The phenylation of a variety of phenols by pentavalent bismuth reagents under neutral, acid and basic conditions has been investigated. Under basic conditions well defined pentavalent intermediates have been isolated and fully characterised. Their decomposition gives only ortho-C-phenylation (except in the case of a p-nitrophenol derivative). O-Phenylation is seen under neutral or acidic conditions. Another mechanism is proposed to explain this reaction with no pentavalent bismuth intermediate.
In Vivo Determinants of Energy Consumption in Electric Motor Driven Artificial Hearts (1989)

To identify factors responsible for energy consumption, a retrospective investigation of the in-vivo performance of the 100 ml electric motor-driven left ventricular assist device (ELVAD), and the e-motor 100 ml total artificial heart, was undertaken. Multivariate regression analysis of the device parameters demonstrated that device flow, and estimated outlet pressure, were the most significant independent variables for predicting changes in motor power. Weighted least-square curvefit, using the product of these two variables, showed that changes in energy consumption can be well predicted for the ventricular assist device (r2 = 0.732). However, by applying the same model to the total artificial heart (ETAH), less favorable results were achieved (r2 = 0.422). In this model, device flow seemed to be more important in predicting energy consumption for the ETAH compared to the ELVAD. Therefore, changing the model by using flow to the third order significantly improved the fit (r2 = 0.6706) for the ETAH, and could compensate in part for the greater variability of the values and increased number of outliers in this group.
作为历史唯物主义范畴的预先推定和希望——恩斯特·布洛赫对历史唯物主义的创造性贡献 (2009)

在最基本的类冲动萌芽中，希望已经是超出单纯类冲动的东西，它已经吸收了充满幻想的想象能力、思想上的预先推定能力。希望是最卓越的人的冲动，希望连同社会劳动、概念构成和意识构成一道属于我们人类学特性的基础。想象的人乃是希望中的人。人类历史不仅是一部阶级斗争史，也是一部包括希望、计划、预先推定、诗作、教育、哲学论述、政治计划和斗争等的历史。希望和展望对于每一种政治都具有重要意义。预先推定-希望-梦不仅仅是马克思主义的范畴，也是革命的现实政治的范畴。
Synergistic effects of topoisomerase I inhibitor, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, and irradiation in a cisplatin-resistant human small cell lung cancer cell line. (2002)

7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidyl)-1-piperidyl] carbonyloxy-camptothecin, a topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitor, is one of the most active agent against lung cancer, and its radiosensitizing effect has been reported recently. We evaluated a combination in vitro effect of irradiation and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-CPT (SN-38), an active metabolite of 7-ethyl-10-[4- (1-piperidyl)-1-piperidyl] carbonyloxy-camptothecin, on a human small cell lung cancer cell line (SBC-3) and its cisplatin-resistant subline (SBC-3/CDDP). Growth-inhibitory effects of irradiation with or without SN-38 were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. A modified isobologram method was used to evaluate the treatment interaction. The combination of irradiation and SN-38 showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of SBC-3/CDDP despite its cross-resistance to irradiation and SN-38. In contrast, the same combination showed only an additive effect on the growth of parental SBC-3 cells. There was no significant difference in topo I protein expression between these two cell lines. In SBC-3 cells, topo I catalytic activity was suppressed by 4 Gy of irradiation, without a decrease of nuclear topo I protein, whereas the exposure of SBC-3 cells to 1 microM SN-38 subsequent to irradiation showed no remarkable additional effects on both topo I activity and protein content. On the other hand, in SBC-3/CDDP cells, topo I activity was unchanged by irradiation, but the subsequent exposure to SN-38 gave rise to a decrease in topo I activity, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the topo I protein content (P = 0.02). These observations may indicate that SN-38 induces sequestration of topo I onto DNA in radiation-treated SBC-3/CDDP cells and suggest that the synergistic effect of irradiation and SN-38 in SBC-3/CDDP cells was considered attributable to DNA repair-related enhanced recruitment of topo I onto the damaged DNA.
Characterization of a Novel Isoform of Caspase-9 That Inhibits Apoptosis (2001)

We have identified a novel isoform of rat caspase-9 in which the C terminus of full-length caspase-9 is replaced with an alternative peptide sequence. Casp-9-CTD (where CTD is carboxyl-terminal divergent) is expressed in multiple tissues, with the relative highest expression observed in ovary and heart. Casp-9-CTD was found primarily in the cytoplasm and was not detected in the nucleus. Structural predictions suggest that in contrast to full-length caspase-9, casp-9-CTD will not be processed. Our model is supported by reduced protease activity of casp-9-CTD preparations in vitro and by the lack of detectable processing of casp-9-CTD proenzyme or the induction of cell death following transfection into cells. Both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types transfected with casp-9-CTD were resistant to death evoked by trophic factor deprivation or DNA damage. In addition, cytosolic lysates prepared from cells permanently expressing exogenous casp-9-CTD were resistant to caspase induction by cytochrome c in reconstitution assays. Taken together, our observations indicate that casp-9-CTD acts as a dominant-negative variant. Its expression in various tissues indicates a physiological role in regulating cell death.
Obesity management: what brings success? (2012)

The upward trend in obesity prevalence across regions and continents is a worldwide concern. Today a majority of the world's population live in a country where being overweight or obese causes more deaths than being underweight. Only a portion of those qualifying for treatment will get the health care they need. Still, a minor weight loss of 5-10% seems to be sufficient to provide a clinically significant health benefit in terms of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diet, exercise and behavior modifications remain the current cornerstones of obesity treatment. Weight-loss drugs play a minor role. Drugs which were available and reasonably effective have been withdrawn because of side effects. The fact that the 'old' well known, but pretty unexciting tools remain the basic armamentarium causes understandable concern and disappointment among both patients and therapists. Hence, bariatric surgery has increasingly been recognized and developed, as it offers substantial weight loss and prolonged weight control. The present review highlights the conventional tools to counter obesity, lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, including some of the barriers to successful weight loss: (1) unrealistic expectations of success; (2) high attrition rates; (3) cultural norms of self-acceptance in terms of weight and beliefs of fat being healthy; (4) neighborhood attributes such as a lack of well-stocked supermarkets and rather the presence of convenience stores with low-quality foods; and (5) the perception of the neighborhood as less safe and with low walkability. Prevention is the obvious key. Cost-effective societal interventions such as a tax on unhealthy food and beverages, front-of-pack traffic light nutrition labeling and prohibition of advertising of junk food and beverages to children are also discussed.
BRD4 Inhibitor AZD5153 Suppresses the Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Sensitizes the Anticancer Effect of PARP Inhibitor (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Bromodomain-containing protein 4(BRD4) is reported to play a vital role in the development of numerous malignant diseases, which is considered as a promising target for cancer therapy. AZD5153, a novel specific BRD4 inhibitor, showed potent anticancer effects in several cancer types, but its therapeutic potential has not been fully evaluated in colorectal cancer cells. <b>Objective:</b> We sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BRD4 inhibition of by AZD5153 and its combined anticancer cancer effect with PARP inhibitor BMN673 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in colorectal cancer. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate BRD4 expression in colorectal cancer patient. Clonogenic assays 、MTT assays and PI/Annexin V staining were used to determine the effect of AZD5153 and BMN673 and combination therapy on cell viability and apoptosis induction. Western blotting was applied to detect relevant molecules changes. Propidium iodide staining was performed to examine cell cycle distributions after monotherapy or combination therapy. Nude mice xenograft model was generated to confirm the therapeutic effect of AZD5153 and BMN673 combination <i>in vivo</i>, and IHC staining was used to detect the expression level of BRD4 and related markers in colorectal patient and xenograft. <b>Results:</b> Analysis of TCGA database indicated that BRD4 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer patient. The clonogenic and MTT assays and PI/Annexin V staining demonstrated that AZD5153 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells HCT116 and LoVo. Western blotting showed that AZD5153 inhibited the expression of <i>c-Myc</i> and increased expression of the apoptosis markers, cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), besides, we found that BRD4 knockdown could also inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, AZD5153 inhibited the expression of Wee1 and impaired G2M cell cycle checkpoint, thus sensitized the anticancer effect of BMN673 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our data revealed that AZD5153suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and sensitized them to the anticancer effect of the PARP inhibitor BMN673 via Wee1 inhibition <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This suggested that targeting BRD4 might be a valuable strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
Striatal dopamine transporter imaging in nonhuman primates with iodine-123-IPT SPECT. (1995)

These results indicate that [123I]IPT is a useful radioligand for in vivo SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine transporters.