gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Preparation and Size-Dependent Properties of Nanostructured CoFe2O4 Particles (1998)

Nanostructured CoFe2O4 particles were prepared by a sonochemical approach, first by preparation of the amorphous precursor powders, followed by heat treatment at relatively very low temperatures. The precursor was prepared by sonochemical decomposition of solutions of volatile organic precursors, Fe(CO)5 and Co(NO)(CO)3, in Decalin at 273 K, under an oxygen pressure of 100−150 kPa. The amorphous nature of these particles was confirmed by various techniques, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), electron microdiffraction, and X-ray diffractograms. Magnetic measurements, Mössbauer, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral studies indicated that the as-prepared amorphous particles were superparamagnetic. The Mössbauer parameters and the significantly low (45 emu/g) observed saturation of magnetization of the annealed sample, compared to that of the bulk sample (72 emu/g), reflected its nanocrystalline nature.
Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard (2001)

Streaming video profile is the subject of an Amendment of MPEG-4, and is developed in response to the growing need on a video coding standard for streaming video over the Internet. It provides the capability to distribute single-layered frame-based video over a wide range of bit rates with high coding efficiency. It also provides fine granularity scalability (FGS), and its combination with temporal scalability, to address a variety of challenging problems in delivering video over the Internet. This paper provides an overview of the FGS video coding technique in this Amendment of the MPEG-4.
nmt1 of fission yeast. A highly transcribed gene completely repressed by thiamine. (1990)

The first fully repressible gene in fission yeast is described. In minimal medium it is highly transcribed producing a mRNA which is 50-100 times more abundant than the cyc1 mRNA. By contrast, in minimal medium supplemented with thiamine at a concentration of 0.5 microM or greater the transcript is undetectable. The gene has been called nmt1 (for no message in thiamine). The 5' and 3' ends of the transcript have been mapped and indicate an unspliced mRNA of 1.3 kilobases with no evidence of heterogeneity at either end. The single major open reading frame encodes a protein of 39 kDa. The gene product is most likely involved in thiamine biosynthesis and consistent with this is the observation that the nmt1::ura4 disruption strain is a thiamine auxotroph. The kinetics of transcriptional repression and induction have been studied. Addition of thiamine to log phase cells growing minimal medium results in complete disappearance of the nmt1 message within 3 h. Removal of thiamine from the medium produces the first detectable message after 10 h and maximal steady-state levels after 16 h. Nuclear "run on" experiments demonstrate that control is exerted at the level of transcription initiation. The nmt1 promotor has been subcloned, and thiamine-mediated transcriptional control has been transferred to the bacterial reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.
Stereoselective amination of chiral enolates. A new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of .alpha.-hydrazino and .alpha.-amino acid derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective amination of chiral enolates. A new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of .alpha.-hydrazino and .alpha.-amino acid derivativesDavid A. Evans, Thomas C. Britton, Roberta L. Dorow, and Joseph F. DellariaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6395–6397Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1948Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Safety and efficacy of treatment with asfotase alfa in patients with hypophosphatasia: Results from a Japanese clinical trial (2017)

Asfotase alfa therapy improved skeletal, respiratory and physical symptoms with a few serious AEs in patients with HPP. Our results add support to the safety and efficacy of AA therapy for HPP patients.
Post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in mouse pituitary melanotroph tumors induced by a POMC-simian virus 40 large T antigen transgene. (1993)

Abstract Mice harboring a transgene composed of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene promoter sequences (nucleotides -706 to +64) ligated to the simian virus (SV) 40 early gene encoding large T antigen developed large POMC-expressing pituitary tumors. Histologically the tumors arose from the intermediate lobe, contained nuclear SV40 T antigen and POMC peptides, but did not express other pituitary hormones. POMC processing in the pituitary tumors was indistinguishable from normal mouse intermediate lobe melanotrophs and was characterized by high proportions of acetylated and carboxyl-terminal shortened beta-endorphins, and amino-terminal acetylated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and virtually no adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)(1-39), beta-lipotropin, or POMC. The tumors contained abundant levels of mRNA for the prohormone convertase PC2 and undetectable levels of PC1. Normal mouse neurointermediate lobe also has a high ratio of PC2/PC1 expression that is distinct from the relative abundance of PC1 in anterior lobe and AtT-20 corticotroph cells. In contrast, extracts from tumors transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice contained predominantly nonacetylated forms of beta-endorphin(1-31) and -(1-27), very little ACTH(1-39), almost no corticotropin-like intermediate peptide or alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and higher proportions of intact POMC. Surprisingly, despite the less efficient proteolytic cleavage, a transplanted tumor expressed both PC1 and PC2. These studies are the first biochemical documentation of a melanotroph pituitary tumor in a rodent species and provide a new model for the investigation of pituitary oncogenesis and the molecular basis of tissue-specific prohormone post-translational processing.
T-cell-subset characterization of human T-CLL (1979)

Circulating peripheral blood tumor cells in four cases of chronic lymphoproliferative disease were immunologically characterized. By the use of T-cell-specific heteroantisera and indirect immunofluorescence, all were shown to involve proliferation of malignant T cells. Three cases demonstrated morphologic and clinical features consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and one case presented as a lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Antisera specific for normal human T-cell subsets defined the malignant T cells in each case as arising from the TH2--subset. This subset normally constitutes approximately 80% of human peripheral blood T cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was not detected in any of the T-cell CLL cases, thus supporting the notion that T-cell CLL represents a malignancy of a mature phenotype. The one patient with lymphosarcoma whose tumor cells were TdT-positive subsequently developed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, la-like antigen (p23,30) was detected on two of these tumor cell populations. In addition, it was shown that not all tumor cells were E-rosette-positive, since only cells from 3 of 4 patients were capable of forming spontaneous rosettes. These findings demonstrate that heteroantisera can provide an additional important tool for dissecting the heterogeneity of T-cell leukemias and for relating them to more differentiated normal T cells.
Chemistry and biology of artificial nucleic acids (2012)

Nucleic Acids with a Six-Membered 'Carbohydrate' Mimic in the Backbone (P. Herdewijn) Oligonucleotide N3'-> P5' Phosphoramidates and Thio-Phoshoramidates as Potential Therapeutic Agents (S. M. Gryaznov) From Anionic to Cationic alpha-Anomeric Oligodeoxynucleotides (F. Morvan, F. Debart, J.-J. Vasseur) The Resurgence of Acyclic Nucleic Acids (S. Zhang, C. Switzer, J. C. Chaput) Exotic DNAs Made of Nonnatural Bases and Natural Phosphodiester Bonds (J. Chiba, M. Inouye) Locked Nucleic Acids: Promising Nucleic Acid Analogs for Therapeutic Applications (R. N. Veedu, J. Wengel) Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (P. E. Nielsen) 2-Azapurine Nucleosides: Synthesis, Properties, and Base Pairing of Oligonucleotides (S. Budow, F. Seela) An Overview of Sugar Modified Oligonucleotides for Antisense Therapeutics (T. P. Prakash) Phosphorothioate Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides - Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application (P. Guga, M, Koziolkiewicz) Crystallographic Studies of Chemically Modified Nucleic Acids: A Backward Glance (M. Egli, P. S. Pallan) Selenium Derivatization of Nucleic Acids for X-Ray Crystal-Structure and Function Studies (J. Sheng, Z. Huang) Oligonucleotides with Sugars Other Than Ribo- and 2'-Desoxyribofuranose in the Backbone: the Solution Structures Determined by NMR in the Context of the 'Etiology of Nucleic Acids' Project of Albert Eschenmoser (M.-O. Ebert, B. Jaun) Chemistry and Structural Biology of DNA Damage and Biological Consequences (M. P. Stone, H. Huang, K. L. Brown, G. Shanmugam) Exploring the Role of Chirality in Nucleic Acid Recognition (D. D'Alonzo, A. Guaragna, G. Palumbo) Chemistry on Nucleic Acid Templates (J. Berger, M. Oberhuber) Improved Large-Scale Liquid-Phase Synthesis and High-Temperature NMR Characterization of Short (F-)PNAs (T. A. Ploger, G. von Kiedrowski) Index
Microfluidic Systems with Ion-Selective Membranes (2014)

When integrated into microfluidic chips, ion-selective nanoporous polymer and solid-state membranes can be used for on-chip pumping, pH actuation, analyte concentration, molecular separation, reactive mixing, and molecular sensing. They offer numerous functionalities and are hence superior to paper-based devices for point-of-care biochips, with only slightly more investment in fabrication and material costs required. In this review, we first discuss the fundamentals of several nonequilibrium ion current phenomena associated with ion-selective membranes, many of them revealed by studies with fabricated single nanochannels/nanopores. We then focus on how the plethora of phenomena has been applied for transport, separation, concentration, and detection of biomolecules on biochips.
Diffusion in gels containing immobilized cells: A critical review (1991)

Eleven experimental investigation of diffusion in gels containing immobilized cells are reviewed. The experimental data, which quantitatively express the diffusion coefficient as a function of the cell concentration, are compared with a number of well-known equations developed for mass transfer in heterogeneous media. Based on this comparison, a procedure for the theoretical prediction of effective diffusion coefficients in cell-containing gels is recommended.
The consequences of tetraploidy and aneuploidy (2008)

Polyploidy, an increased number of chromosome sets, is a surprisingly common phenomenon in nature, particularly in plants and fungi. In humans, polyploidy often occurs in specific tissues as part of terminal differentiation. Changes in ploidy can also result from pathophysiological events that are caused by viral-induced cell fusion or erroneous cell division. Tetraploidization can initiate chromosomal instability (CIN), probably owing to supernumerary centrosomes and the doubled chromosome mass. CIN, in turn, might persist or soon give way to a stably propagating but aneuploid karyotype. Both CIN and stable aneuploidy are commonly observed in cancers. Recently, it has been proposed that an increased number of chromosome sets can promote cell transformation and give rise to an aneuploid tumor. Here, we review how tetraploidy can occur and describe the cellular responses to increased ploidy. Furthermore, we discuss how the specific physiological changes that are triggered by polyploidization might be used as novel targets for cancer therapy.
The T-DNA-linked VirD2 protein contains two distinct functional nuclear localization signals. (1992)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes neoplastic growth in plants by transferring a piece of DNA, called T-DNA, into the nucleus of the plant cell. The virulence protein VirD2 of A. tumefaciens is tightly linked to the T-DNA and is thought to direct it to the plant genome. Here we show that the VirD2 protein contains two nuclear localization signals that are functional both in yeast and in plant cells. One signal is located in the N-terminal part of the protein and resembles a single-cluster-type nuclear localization signal. The second signal is near the C terminus and is a bipartite-type nuclear localization signal. The involvement of these sequences in the entry of the T-DNA into the nucleus is discussed.
Chemistry and chemical biology of taxane anticancer agents (2001)

Taxol (paclitaxel) and Taxotere (docetaxel) are currently considered to be among the most important anticancer drugs in cancer chemotherapy. The anticancer activity of these drugs is ascribed to their unique mechanism of action, i.e., causing mitotic arrest in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis through inhibition of the depolymerization of microtubules. Although both paclitaxel and docetaxel possess potent antitumor activity, treatment with these drugs often results in a number of undesirable side effects, as well as multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, it has become essential to develop new anticancer agents with superior pharmacological properties, improved activity against various classes of tumors, and fewer side effects. This paper describes an account of our research on the chemistry of paclitaxel and taxoid anticancer agents at the biomedical interface, including: 1. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of taxoids leading to the development of the "second-generation" taxoids, which possess exceptional activity against drug-resistant cancer cells expressing the MDR phenotype. 2. Development of fluorinated taxoids to study the bioactive conformation of paclitaxel and photoaffinity labeling taxoids for mapping of the drug-binding domain on both microtubules and P-glycoprotein. 3. The synthesis of novel macrocyclic taxoids for the investigation into the common pharmacophore for microtubule stabilizing anticancer agents.
Finely Tuned Asymmetric Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes: Structure–Activity Relationship and Application as Orally Available Prodrugs (2016)

Platinum(IV) bis-carboxylates are highly versatile prodrug scaffolds with different axial ligands that can be functionalized while keeping the platinum(II) pharmacophore intact. Using a sequential acylation strategy, we developed a class of Pt<sup>IV</sup> prodrugs of cisplatin with contrasting lipophilic and hydrophilic ligands. We investigated their stability, reduction rates, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, and antiproliferative efficacies, and assessed for correlations among the parameters that could be useful in drug design. We showed that compounds with high lipophilicity result in better antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo, with one of the three compounds tested showing better efficacy than satraplatin against an animal model of colorectal cancer, owing to its higher solubility and lower reduction rates. Our asymmetric Pt<sup>IV</sup> prodrugs may pave the way for a highly predictable, fine-tuned class of orally available Pt<sup>IV</sup> prodrugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Vav1 Controls DAP10-Mediated Natural Cytotoxicity by Regulating Actin and Microtubule Dynamics (2006)

The NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D recognizes several MHC class I-related molecules expressed on virally infected and tumor cells. Human NKG2D transduces activation signals exclusively via an associated DAP10 adaptor containing a YxNM motif, whereas murine NKG2D can signal through either DAP10 or the DAP12 adaptor, which contains an ITAM sequence. DAP10 signaling is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by PI3K and is independent of Syk/Zap-70 kinases; however, the exact mechanism by which DAP10 induces natural cytotoxicity is incompletely understood. Herein, we identify Vav1, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as a critical signaling mediator downstream of DAP10 in NK cells. Specifically, using mice deficient in Vav1 and DAP12, we demonstrate an essential role for Vav1 in DAP10-induced NK cell cytoskeletal polarization involving both actin and microtubule networks, maturation of the cytolytic synapse, and target cell lysis. Mechanistically, we show that Vav1 interacts with DAP10 YxNM motifs through the adaptor protein Grb2 and is required for activation of PI3K-dependent Akt signaling. Based on these findings, we propose a novel model of ITAM-independent signaling by Vav downstream of DAP10 in NK cells.
A single-channel implantable microstimulator for functional neuromuscular stimulation (1997)

This paper describes a single-channel implantable microstimulator for functional neuromuscular stimulation. This device measures 2 x 2 x 10 mm3 and can be inserted into paralyzed muscle groups by expulsion from a hypodermic needle. Power and data to the device are supplied from outside by RF telemetry using an amplitude-modulated 2-MHz RF carrier generated using a high-efficiency class-E transmitter. The transmitted signal carries a 5-b address which selects one of the 32 possible microstimulators. The selected device then delivers up to 2 microC of charge store in a tantalum chip capacitor for up to 200 microseconds (10 mA) into loads of < 800 omega through a high-current thin-film iridium-oxide (IrOx) electrode (approximately 0.3 mm2 in area). A bi-CMOS receiver circuitry is used to: generate two regulated voltage supplies (4.5 and 9 V), recover a 2-MHz clock from the carrier, demodulate the address code, and activate the output current delivery circuitry upon the reception of an external command. The overall power dissipation of the receiver circuitry is 45-55 mW. The implant is hermetically packaged using a custom-made glass capsule.
DROPLET SIZE AND LEAF MORPHOLOGY EFFECTS ON PESTICIDE SPRAY DEPOSITION (2000)

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of droplet size, leaf morphology, and a spray thickener onpesticide spray deposition using chlorpyrifos as the indicator compound. The predicted deposition efficiencies for 140 mdroplets were 99, 77, 65, and 55%, respectively, for cocklebur, entireleaf morninglory, velvetleaf, and coffee senna leaves.Predicted deposition efficiencies decreased as droplet size increased for all four leaf types. The slopes of the linearregression equations indicated that deposition efficiency would decrease by 16, 10, 8, and 6% , respectively, with each100 m increase in droplet diameter. Addition of a viscosity modifying adjuvant did not improve the deposition efficiencyon coffee senna leaves.
野生动物“进城”来 (2011)

随着人娄保护动物的意识日益加强，越来越多的野生动物不都只在荒郊野外繁衍生息了，它们避驻到都市，和人吴共同生活．许多动物在城市里自由穿梭．见到人矣一点儿也不“害羞”．纽约就是这样一个你会随处见到野生动物的城市，
An Interactive Prefetching Proxy Server for Improvement of WWW Latency (1997)

Molecular medicine has entered a high-tech age that provides curative treatments of complex genetic diseases through genetically engineered cellular medicinal products. Their clinical implementation requires the ability to stably integrate genetic information through gene transfer vectors in a safe, effective and economically viable manner. The latest generation of Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon vectors fulfills these requirements, and may overcome limitations associated with viral gene transfer vectors and transient non-viral gene delivery approaches that are prevalent in ongoing pre-clinical and translational research. The SB system enables high-level stable gene transfer and sustained transgene expression in multiple primary human somatic cell types, thereby representing a highly attractive gene transfer strategy for clinical use. Here we review several recent refinements of the system, including the development of optimized transposons and hyperactive SB variants, the vectorization of transposase and transposon as mRNA and DNA minicircles (MCs) to enhance performance and facilitate vector production, as well as a detailed understanding of SB's genomic integration and biosafety features. This review also provides a perspective on the regulatory framework for clinical trials of gene delivery with SB, and illustrates the path to successful clinical implementation by using, as examples, gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Distortion analysis of bipolar transistor circuits (1973)

In the design of long-haul analog communication systems, it is essential to understand the nonlinear distortion behavior of the electronic circuit realization. Distortion analysis of weakly nonlinear circuits has been developed based on the well-known perturbation method. In the frequency domain, the nonlinearities of a transistor are shown to be equivalently represented by intermodulation distortion sources whose amplitudes and phases are iteratively determined by the linear circuit characteristics and the Taylor-series coefficients associated with the nonlinearities. For all practical purposes, only two iterations are sufficient to yield accurate results. An algorithm for computing the second- and third-order intermodulation distortions is described. This algorithm has been implemented in a program called NODAP (nonlinear distortion analysis program). NODAP computes the smallsignal nonlinear transistor model from the recently developed integral change-control model (ICM). It then passes this information through a linear circuit analysis program for distortion computations. Computer results for several transistor circuits using Western Electric highfrequency transistors are all in excellent agreement with the measured data over a wide range of bias conditions and frequencies. This demonstrates the validity of the approach treated in the paper.