gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics (1922)

Abstract Several reasons have contributed to the prolonged neglect into which the study of statistics, in its theoretical aspects, has fallen. In spite of the immense amount of fruitful labour which has been expended in its practical applications, the basic principles of this organ of science are still in a state of obscurity, and it cannot be denied that, during the recent rapid development of practical methods, fundamental problems have been ignored and fundamental paradoxes left unresolved. This anomalous state of statistical science is strikingly exemplified by a recent paper entitled "The Fundamental Problem of Practical Statistics," in which one of the most eminent of modern statisticians presents what purports to be a general proof of BAYES' postulate, a proof which, in the opinion of a second statistician of equal eminence, "seems to rest upon a very peculiar -- not to say hardly supposable -- relation."
Liposome/water lipophilicity: Methods, information content, and pharmaceutical applications (2004)

This review discusses liposome/water lipophilicity in terms of the structure of liposomes, experimental methods, and information content. In a first part, the structural properties of the hydrophobic core and polar surface of liposomes are examined in the light of potential interactions with solute molecules. Particular emphasis is placed on the physicochemical properties of polar headgroups of lipids in liposomes. A second part is dedicated to three useful methods to study liposome/water partitioning, namely potentiometry, equilibrium dialysis, and (1)H-NMR relaxation rates. In each case, the principle and limitations of the method are discussed. The next part presents the structural information encoded in liposome/water lipophilicity, in other words the solutes' structural and physicochemical properties that determine their behavior and hence their partitioning in such systems. This presentation is based on a comparison between isotropic (i.e., solvent/water) and anisotropic (e.g., liposome/water) systems. An important factor to be considered is whether the anisotropic lipid phase is ionized or not. Three examples taken from the authors' laboratories are discussed to illustrate the factors or combinations thereof that govern liposome/water lipophilicity, namely (a) hydrophobic interactions alone, (b) hydrophobic and polar interactions, and (c) conformational effects plus hydrophobic and ionic interactions. The next part presents two studies taken from the field of QSAR to exemplify the use of liposome/water lipophilicity in structure-disposition and structure-activity relationships. In the conclusion, we summarize the interests and limitations of this technology and point to promising developments.
Liderança brasileira à luz da Declaração de Compromisso sobre HIV/Aids da UNGASS (2006)

The present article focuses on the subject of leadership in the United Nations Declaration of Commitment in HIV/AIDS, discussing the advancements, challenges, and limitations to the action of major social forces acting to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil. The national policy on AIDS was characterized by the illustrative Brazilian experience in summoning multiple government, civil society, and private sector initiatives to fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The synergy between different partners needs to be enhanced and efforts in the field of scientific and technological development must be articulated in order to minimize the effects of technological dependence. These actions are aimed at the sustainable production of drugs and other products, with the perspective of improving the fulfillment of the constitutional precept of health as a universal right.
Apolipoprotein B Knockdown by AAV-delivered shRNA Lowers Plasma Cholesterol in Mice (2011)

Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are proportionate to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In order to reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in mice, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to inhibit expression of the structural protein of LDL-C, apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB). We developed and screened 19 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting conserved sequences in human, mouse, and macaque ApoB mRNAs (shApoB) and subsequently narrowed our focus to one candidate for in vivo testing. Self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (scAAV8) was used for long-term transduction of murine liver with shApoB. A strong dose-dependent knockdown of ApoB mRNA and protein was observed, which correlated with a reduction in total cholesterol levels, without obvious signs of toxicity. Furthermore, shApoB was found to specifically reduce LDL-C in diet-induced dyslipidemic mice, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remained unaffected. Finally, elevated lipid accumulation was shown in murine liver transduced with shApoB, a known phenotypic side effect of lowering ApoB levels. These results demonstrate a robust dose-dependent knockdown of ApoB by AAV-delivered shRNA in murine liver, thus providing an excellent candidate for development of RNAi-based gene therapy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Congenital Jaundice in Rats with a Mutation in a Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Gene (1996)

The human Dubin-Johnson syndrome and its animal model, the TR(-) rat, are characterized by a chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. TR(-) rats are defective in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), which mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. The complementary DNA for rat cmoat, a homolog of the human multidrug resistance gene (hMRP1), was isolated and shown to be expressed in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. In the TR(-) rat, a single-nucleotide deletion in this gene resulted in a reduced messenger RNA level and absence of the protein. It is likely that this mutation accounts for the TR(-) phenotype.
No Association Between Hepatitis C and B–Cell Lymphoma (1999)

Chronic viral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects lymphocytes. Chronic infection with HCV may result in B-cell proliferation. Individuals infected with hepatitis C are often co-infected with the RNA virus GB virus type C. Studies from Europe where hepatitis C infection is more common than in North America have shown a high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of HCV and GBV-C infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma in an area of low HCV prevalence. One hundred patients with B-cell lymphoma (10 high grade, 46 intermediate grade, and 44 low grade) and 100 controls with nonhematological malignancies were studied. Serum was analyzed for HCV antibodies by third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and HCV RNA and GBV-C RNA was analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR. None of the controls or lymphoma patients had antibodies to HCV. HCV RNA was undetected in 60 out of 100 lymphoma patients tested. GBV-C RNA was detected in the serum of 5 out of 100 (5%) of lymphoma patients and in 3 out of 100 (3%) controls. Hepatitis C and GBV-C are, therefore, unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma in North America.
GDNF: a Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor for Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (1993)

A potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons was purified and cloned. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer that is a distantly related member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In embryonic midbrain cultures, recombinant human GDNF promoted the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increased their high-affinity dopamine uptake. These effects were relatively specific; GDNF did not increase total neuron or astrocyte numbers nor did it increase transmitter uptake by gamma-aminobutyric-containing and serotonergic neurons. GDNF may have utility in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is marked by progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
Taser‐Induced Rapid Ventricular Myocardial Capture Demonstrated by Pacemaker Intracardiac Electrograms (2007)

This report describes the first human case of ventricular myocardial capture at a rapid rate resulting from a Taser application. This raises the issue as to whether conducted energy devices can cause primary myocardial capture or capture only in association with cardiac devices providing a preferential pathway of conduction to the myocardium.
High-level Production of Human β-Endorphin in Escherichia coli (1987)

A human opioid peptide hormone, β-endorphin, was expressed in Escherichia coli as the C-terminal portion of a fused protein. The fused protein consisting of the N-terminal 62% of E. coli anthranilate synthetase (323 amino acids), a peptide corresponding to the linker DNA (7 amino acids), and the precursor form of β-endorphin (47 amino acids), was highly expressed under the control of a tryptophan promoter. The level of expression of β-endorphin was estimated to be 17 mg/liter broth by radioimmunoassay, and 51 mg/liter broth by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by a densitometric analysis. β-Endorphin was cleaved from the fused protein and purified by HPLC, and is presumed to be identical with human β-endorphin because of its amino acid composition and amino acid sequence.
From the inside out – processing of the Chlamydial autotransporter PmpD and its role in bacterial adhesion and activation of human host cells (2004)

Polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp)21 otherwise known as PmpD is the longest of 21 Pmps expressed by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Recent bioinformatical analyses annotated PmpD as belonging to a family of exported Gram-negative bacterial proteins designated autotransporters. This prediction, however, was never experimentally supported, nor was the function of PmpD known. Here, using 1D and 2D PAGE we demonstrate that PmpD is processed into two parts, N-terminal (N-pmpD), middle (M-pmpD) and presumably third, C-terminal part (C-pmpD). Based on localization of the external part on the outer membrane as shown by immunofluorescence, immuno-electron microscopy and immunoblotting combined with trypsinization, we demonstrate that N-pmpD translocates to the surface of bacteria where it non-covalently binds other components of the outer membrane. We propose that N-pmpD functions as an adhesin, as antibodies raised against N-pmpD blocked chlamydial infectivity in the epithelial cells. In addition, recombinant N-pmpD activated human monocytes in vitro by upregulating their metabolic activity and by stimulating IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that N-PmpD is an autotransporter component of chlamydial outer membrane, important for bacterial invasion and host inflammation.
Bioavailability profile of Uceris MMX extended-release tablets compared with Entocort EC capsules in healthy volunteers (2013)

Uceris was associated with a similar extent (AUC) of systemic exposure to budesonide compared with that following Entocort. However, for Uceris, the pharmacokinetic profile was delayed, a pattern consistent with greater colonic delivery of the active substance.
Structure and potential C‐terminal dimerization of a recombinant mutant of surfactant‐associated protein C in chloroform/methanol (2004)

The solution structure of a recombinant mutant [rSP-C (FFI)] of the human surfactant-associated protein C (hSP-C) in a mixture of chloroform and methanol was determined by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. rSP-C (FFI) contains a helix from Phe5 to the C-terminal Leu34 and is thus longer by two residues than the helix of porcine SP-C (pSP-C), which is reported to start at Val7 in the same solvent. Two sets of resonances at the C-terminus of the peptide were observed, which are explained by low-order oligomerization, probably dimerization of rSP-C (FFI) in its alpha-helical form. The dimerization may be induced by hydrogen bonding of the C-terminal carboxylic groups or by the strictly conserved C-terminal heptapeptide segment with a motif similar to the GxxxG dimerization motif of glycophorin A. Dimerization at the heptapeptide segment would be consistent with findings based on electrospray ionization MS data, chemical cross-linking studies, and CNBr cleavage data.
FEMTOSECOND LASERS: THE NEXT GENERATION (1994)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text HENRY C. KAPTEYN and MARGARET M. MURNANE, "FEMTOSECOND LASERS: THE NEXT GENERATION," Optics & Photonics News 5(3), 20- (1994) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Globally optimal pose estimation from line correspondences (2011)

Correspondences between 2D lines in an image and 3D lines in the surrounding environment can be exploited to determine the camera's position and attitude (pose). In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to estimate the camera's pose by directly solving the corresponding least-squares problem algebraically. Specifically, the optimality conditions of the least-squares problem form a system of polynomial equations, which we efficiently solve through the eigendecomposition of a so-called multiplication matrix. Contrary to existing methods, the proposed algorithm (i) is guaranteed to find the globally optimal estimate in the least-squares sense, (ii) does not require initialization, and (iii) has computational cost only linear in the number of measurements. The superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared to previous approaches is demonstrated through extensive simulations and experiments.
Influence of ghrelin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans (2005)

In humans, administration of ghrelin induces a premature gastric phase III of the MMC, which is not mediated through release of motilin. This is accompanied by prolonged increased tone of the proximal stomach.
Temporal and spatial patterns of 1, 3‐β‐glucanase and chitinase induction in potato leaves infected by Phytophthora infestans (1992)

Summary Infection of potato ( Solarium tuberosum L.) leaves with the fungal pathogen Phytophthora infestans caused a similar, strong and coordinated induction of 1, 3‐β‐glucanases and chitinases in compatible (plant susceptible) and incompatible (plant resistant) interactions of two selected plant cultivars with appropriate races of the fungus. The temporal and spatial patterns of 1, 3‐β‐glucanase induction were studied in further detail by immunohistochemical and in‐situ hybridization methods. Accumulation of the protein was preceded by progressive activation of the corresponding gene, commencing near infection sites and spreading rapidly throughout the whole infected leaf as well as to adjacent, non‐infected leaves. Protein and mRNA distribution patterns were nearly identical in compatible and incompatible interactions. In comparison with 1, 3‐β‐glucanase mRNA, phenyl‐alanine ammonia‐lyase mRNA accumulated more rapidly and remained restricted to the vicinity of fungal infection sites, in addition to its constitutive occurrence in the vascular bundles. Even more rapid than any detectable mRNA induction was the accumulation of auto fluorescing material in plant cells immediately surrounding fungal structures, particularly and invariably in incompatible interactions and less frequently in compatible interactions. It is concluded that cultivar‐race‐specific resistance is established early in the interaction of potato leaves with P. infestans and hence the observed massive accumulation of 1, 3‐β‐glucanase and chitinase is presumably not involved in determining this specificity.
A CATALOG OF PROSTATE CANCER NOMOGRAMS (2001)

Patients with prostate cancer need accurate predictions. Prognostic nomograms are available for many clinical states and outcomes, and may provide the most accurate predictions currently available. Selection among them and progress in this field are hampered by the lack of comparisons for predictive accuracy.
Digital dispersion compensation in optical coherence tomography (2003)

We present and experimentally demonstrate a novel dispersion compensation algorithm for optical coherence tomography that can account for both material and delay-line induced dispersion. It is a fast Fourier transform based algorithm that simultaneously corrects for the dispersion at all depths in a material, so that longer scan ranges are possible than can be compensated by optically correcting the dispersion at a particular depth. Such an algorithm becomes necessary when large bandwidth illumination or a large scan range is employed. We validate the algorithm by correcting the OCT measurements of a multilayered transparent PDMS (polydimethyl siloxane) microfluidic device.
Hierarchically Ordered Porous and High-Volume Polycaprolactone Microchannel Scaffolds Enhanced Axon Growth in Transected Spinal Cords (2017)

The goal of this work was to design nerve guidance scaffolds with a unique architecture to maximize the open volume available for nerve growth. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was selected as the scaffold material based on its biocompatibility and month-long degradation. Yet, dense PCL does not exhibit suitable properties such as porosity, stiffness, strength, and cell adhesion to function as an effective nerve guidance scaffold. To address these shortcomings, PCL was processed using a modified salt-leaching technique to create uniquely controlled interconnected porosity. By controlling porosity, we demonstrated that the elastic modulus could be controlled between 2.09 and 182.1 MPa. In addition, introducing porosity and/or coating with fibronectin enhanced the PCL cell attachment properties. To produce PCL scaffolds with maximized open volume, porous PCL microtubes were fabricated and translated into scaffolds with 60 volume percent open volume. The scaffolds were tested in transected rat spinal cords. Linear axon growth within both the microtubes as well as the interstitial space between the tubes was observed, demonstrating that the entire open volume of the scaffold was available for nerve growth. Overall, a novel scaffold architecture and fabrication technique are presented. The scaffolds exhibit significantly higher volume than state-of-the-art scaffolds for promising spinal cord nerve repair.
Equilibrium Conformations of Concentric-tube Continuum Robots (2010)

Robots consisting of several concentric, preshaped, elastic tubes can work dexterously in narrow, constrained, and/or winding spaces, as are commonly found in minimally invasive surgery. Previous models of these "active cannulas" assume piecewise constant precurvature of component tubes and neglect torsion in curved sections of the device. In this paper we develop a new coordinate-free energy formulation that accounts for general preshaping of an arbitrary number of component tubes, and which explicitly includes both bending and torsion throughout the device. We show that previously reported models are special cases of our formulation, and then explore in detail the implications of torsional flexibility for the special case of two tubes. Experiments demonstrate that this framework is more descriptive of physical prototype behavior than previous models; it reduces model prediction error by 82% over the calibrated bending-only model, and 17% over the calibrated transmissional torsion model in a set of experiments.
Gateway®recombinational cloning: a biological operating system (2007)

The Gateway(®) cloning system sets a new trend in molecular biology by addressing the difficulties of adaptability, efficiency and compatibility of the traditional cloning approaches. Based on the well-characterized site-specific recombination system of phage lambda, the Gateway(®) technology allows the cloning, combining and transferring of DNA segments between different expression platforms in a high-throughput manner while maintaining orientation and the reading frame of the fragment or fragments of interest. In this article, the key-aspects and potential applications of this system are reviewed. Benefits and weaknesses of this and other cloning technologies are discussed.
Heterofermentative pattern and exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15807 in response to environmental pH (2001)

This work provides relevant information of the effect of pH on the metabolism of citrate and EPS production by Lact. helveticus. It may contribute to improve technological aspects of ropy and citrate-utilizing lactic acid bacteria.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Compartments in Human and Mouse B Lymphoblasts Represent Conventional Endocytic Compartments (1997)

In most human and mouse antigen-presenting cells, the majority of intracellular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules resides in late endocytic MHC class II compartments (MIICs), thought to function in antigen processing and peptide loading. However, in mouse A20 B cells, early endocytic class II-containing vesicles (CIIVs) have been reported to contain most of the intracellular MHC class II molecules and have also been implicated in formation of MHC class II-peptide complexes. To address this discrepancy, we have studied in great detail the endocytic pathways of both a human (6H5.DM) and a mouse (A20.Ab) B cell line. Using quantitative immunoelectron microscopy on cryosections of cells that had been pulse-chased with transferrin-HRP or BSA-gold as endocytic tracers, we have identified up to six endocytic subcompartments including an early MIIC type enriched in invariant chain, suggesting that it serves as an important entrance to the endocytic pathway for newly synthesized MHC class II/invariant chain complexes. In addition, early MIICs represented the earliest endocytic compartment containing MHC class II- peptide complexes, as shown by using an antibody against an abundant endogenous class II-peptide complex. The early MIIC exhibited several though not all of the characteristics reported for the CIIV and was situated just downstream of early endosomes. We have not encountered any special class II-containing endocytic structures besides those normally present in nonantigen-presenting cells. Our results therefore suggest that B cells use conventional endocytic compartments rather than having developed a unique compartment to accomplish MHC class II presentation.
Kondo Physics in Single-Molecule Transistors (2006)

We have used an electromigration technique to prepare single‐molecule transistors incorporating a family of transition metal coordination complexes. In a number of these devices, we observe the Kondo effect, the formation of a correlated many‐body state comprising a spin localized to the molecule coupled to the conduction electrons in the Au leads. We will discuss the temperature dependence of the width and height of the Kondo resonance, and its variation as a function of transition metal. In devices based on Co‐containing molecules, Kondo temperatures (∼ 70 K) comparable to those seen in scanning tunneling microscopy of Co atoms on bare Au are observed. The implications of these results, and the prospects of using single‐molecule transistors as model quantum impurity systems will be discussed.