gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay of human platelet thrombospondin: different patterns of thrombospondin and beta-thromboglobulin antigen secretion and clearance from the circulation. (1985)

A method for radioimmunoassay of human thrombospondin was developed. Monospecific precipitating anti-human thrombospondin antibody was raised in rabbits after injection of thrombospondin purified by fibrinogen-agarose chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The linear portion of the thrombospondin radioimmunoassay standard curve was 0.5 to 20 ng/ml. Normal platelets and platelet-poor plasma contained 28,900 +/- 14,500 ng thrombospondin per 10(9) platelets and 60.6 +/- 10.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. Using radioimmunoassays for beta-thromboglobulin and thrombospondin antigens, we compared platelet location and secretion of these proteins. Both antigens shared similar distributions in platelet subcellular fractions with the largest amount localized to platelet alpha-granules. With thrombin (0.25 U/ml) as a platelet agonist, 62.4% and 19.5% of total beta-thromboglobulin and thrombospondin, respectively, were secreted from suspensions of washed human platelets. Because only 20% of the total platelet thrombospondin was secreted, further studies were initiated to determine whether the remaining thrombospondin became localized on the activated platelets membrane. 125I-Fab antithrombospondin specifically bound to activated platelets but not to unstimulated platelets. In contrast, 125I-Fab anti-beta-thromboglobulin did not bind to activated platelets. Plasma clearance of human beta-thromboglobulin (half-life fast 7.6 minutes, slow 56.6 minutes) and of human thrombospondin (half-life fast 29.9 minutes, slow 190 minutes) followed a biphasic exponential curve. In conclusion, both beta-thromboglobulin and thrombospondin are located in platelet alpha-granules, but they show a different pattern of secretion and expression on the platelet membrane and plasma clearance.
Interrupt handling for out-of-order execution processors (1993)

Processors with multiple functional units, including the superscalars, achieve significant performance enhancement through low-level execution concurrency. In such processors, multiple instructions are often issued and definitely executed concurrently and out-of-order. Consequently, interrupt and exception handling becomes a vexing problem. The authors identify latency, cost, and performance degradation as factors that must be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of interrupt and exception handling schemes. They then briefly enumerate proposals and implementations for interrupt and exception handling on out-of-order execution processors. An efficient hardware mechanism, the instruction window (IW), and an approach which allows for precise, responsive, and flexible interrupt and exception handling are presented. The implementation of the IW is discussed. The design of an eight-cell IW has been carried out; it can work with a very short machine cycle time. A comparison of all interrupt and exception handling schemes for out-of-order execution processors is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors in NSCLC cell lines by sequential treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (2005)

7083 Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib produce 11–20% response rates in NSCLC patients. E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, regulates the phosphorylation of EGFR. NSCLC cell lines were used as a model to identify molecules that predict response to EGFR inhibitors and to develop strategies that enhance the effect of EGFR inhibitors. Methods: Cell proliferation: cell lines were incubated in the presence of various gefitinib concentrations and cell growth was assessed with MTT assay. Apoptosis: Cell death was assessed using the vibrant apoptosis assay and evaluated with flow cytometry. Samples were assessed in the presence or absence of gefitinib or HDAC inhibitors. Results: Using real time RT-PCR and western blotting, E-cadhein was expressed in cell lines sensitive to gefitinib, including those with EGFR mutation and gene amplification. None of the gefitinib-resistant cell lines expressed E-cadherin. Overexpression of E-cadherin in the gefitinib-resistant cell line, H157, led to increased sensitivity to gefitinib. E-cadherin expression is inhibited by the zinc finger repressor, ZEB-1, with the recruitment of histone deacetylases. ZEB1 was expressed in gefitinib resistant cell lines while expression was lacking in gefitinib sensitive ones. Inhibiting histone deacetylase enhanced response to gefitinib in all the resistant cell lines tested. There was 20 to 50 fold higher induction of apoptosis and cell death when cells were pretreated with HDAC inhibitors 24 hours prior to gefitinib. Conclusions: These studies indicate that expression of E-cadherin may predict response to gefitinib. Pretreatment with HDAC inhibitors augments response to EGFR inhibitors in NSCLC cells. Phase I/II clinical trials will be designed based on this sequential treatment of HDAC and EGFR inhibitors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Evidence that the M antigen ofHistoplasma capsulatumvar.capsulatumis a catalase which exhibits cross-reactivity with other dimorphic fungi (1990)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was raised against histoplasmin, the antigen derived from the mycelial phase of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum which contains the diagnostically useful H and M antigens. A number of Mabs were obtained which recognized a 70-75 kD component of an antigenic preparation of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum by Western blotting. When reacted with histoplasmin by Western blotting the Mabs recognized a similar 70-75 kD band, together with a series of higher molecular mass bands at approximately 130, 190 and 230 kD, a pattern which correlates strongly with both the published relative molecular mass (Mr) of the M antigen and the known subunit structure of the enzyme catalase. These Mabs were also shown to recognize a commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger catalase by ELISA. Other dimorphic fungi were also reactive with these Mabs by Western blotting, indicating the presence of common epitopes on the catalase molecules of these species.
Long‐Term Culture and Differentiation of Rat Embryonic Stem Cell‐Like Cells into Neuronal, Glial, Endothelial, and Hepatic Lineages (2003)

The in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into different somatic cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, or myocytes is a well-established procedure. Long-term culture of rat embryonic stem cells is known to be hazardous, and attempts to differentiate these cells in vitro so far have been unsuccessful. We herein describe stable long-term culture of an alkaline phosphatase-positive rat embryonic stem cell-like cell line (RESC) and its differentiation into neuronal, endothelial, and hepatic lineages. RESCs were characterized by typical growth in single cells as well as in embryoid bodies when cultured in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor. RESC expressed stage-specific-embryonic antigen-1 and the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. For neuronal differentiation, cells were incubated with medium containing 10(-6) M retinoic acid for 14 days. For endothelial differentiation, RESCs were grown on Matrigel for 14 days, and for induction of hepatocyte-specific antigen expression, RESCs were grown in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor-4. Differentiated cells exhibited typical morphological changes and expressed neuronal (nestin, mitogen-activated protein-2, synaptophysin), glial (S100, glial fibrillary acid protein), endothelial (panendothelial antibody, CD31) and hepatocyte-specific (alpha-fetoprotein [alphaFP], albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, CK18) antigens. In addition, expression of hepatocyte-specific genes (alphaFP, transthyretin, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, and coagulation factor-2) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We were able to culture RESCs under stable, long-term conditions and to initiate programmed differentiation of RESCs to endothelial, neuronal, glial, and hepatic lineages in the rat species.
Production of Hollow Microspheres from Nanostructured Composite Particles (1999)

Uniform inorganic and hybrid inorganic−organic hollow microspheres have been produced by coating colloidal core templates with alternating layers of oppositely charged nanoparticles and polymer, and thereafter removing the core either by heating or chemical treatment. The multilayers were constructed by consecutively depositing the nanoparticles and polymer onto the colloidal templates, utilizing the electrostatic attraction between the particles and polymer for layer build-up. Hollow silica spheres were obtained by calcining polymer latex spheres coated with multilayers of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) bridged by polymer [poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)]. Exposure of SiO2/PDADMAC multilayer-coated polymer latex colloids to acidic solutions, dimethyl sulfoxide, or tetrahydrofuran yielded hollow composite silica−polymer spheres. The fabricated hollow spheres have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The approach employed is well suited to generating hollow spheres of controlled diameter, wall thickness, and composition.
An image correction-based approach to camera calibration (2005)

In several cases, the lens distortion introduces some error to visual detection. It is necessary and significant to correct the error efficiently for the purpose of extracting the accurate position information of the observed object. We developed a new method for correcting the radial lens distortion based on the pin-hole model with first order radial distortion. The development of the method is motivated through a desire to develop a linear camera calibration technique that requires the calibration of the less extrinsic parameters, and has better real-time character. Both the simulated image and real image are given to denote that this correction method is robust and accurate.
Speech recognition and alternative interfaces for older users (2007)

article Speech recognition and alternative interfaces for older users Share on Authors: Sara Basson IBM Research, [email protected] IBM Research, [email protected]View Profile , Peter G. Fairweather IBM Research, [email protected] IBM Research, [email protected]View Profile , Vicki L. Hanson IBM Research, [email protected] IBM Research, [email protected]View Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 14Issue 4July + August 2007 pp 26–29https://doi.org/10.1145/1273961.1273980Online:01 July 2007Publication History 6citation1,058DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads1,058Last 12 Months164Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
High Quality Flow Information from Tracer Data (2014)

Abstract This paper describes a systematic methodology to extract as much information as possible from inter-well tracer tests. Interwell tracer testing has been used extensively in Norway and world-wide the last 2-3 decades and is proven as an efficient technology to map well-to-well communication and sweep, and to evaluate the effect of water and gas injection projects. Significant information can usually be extracted from tracer curves, in addition to the immediate injector-producer communication available upon first tracer breakthrough. Improved tools and methods, such as residence time distribution (RTD) analysis, can quantify how effective water and gas floods displaces water, and reveal flow paths and channels prior to infill-drilling, polymer blocking etc. However, prior to interpretation of tracer data, it is essential to remove uncertainties due to water or gas re-injection, commonly applied to reduce discharge to the environment and save scarce water-resources. However, recirculation of produced water and gas can be seriously misleading when tracer data are interpreted, because tracers will be re-injected with re-injected water or gas. In this paper we show how the background tracer concentration due to re-injection can be removed in a systematic and unambiguous manner. The methodology is tested on data from tracer campaigns in two field cases. The tracer data from the field cases are subsequently used to evaluate water flooding sweep and reservoir heterogeneity using residence time distribution (RTD) analysis. The field case results show that the method is well suited to obtain quantitative flow pattern information from tracer data, and provides an effective tool for reservoir engineers that use tracer data to extract information about reservoirs.
The Enhanced Metastatic Potential of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Cells with Sorafenib Resistance (2013)

Acquired resistance towards sorafenib treatment was found in HCC patients, which results in poor prognosis. To investigate the enhanced metastatic potential of sorafenib resistance cells, sorafenib-resistant (SorR) cell lines were established by long-term exposure of the HCC cells to the maximum tolerated dose of sorafenib. Cell proliferation assay and qPCR of ABC transporter genes (ABCC1-3) were first performed to confirm the resistance of cells. Migration and invasion assays, and immunoblotting analysis on the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulatory proteins were performed to study the metastatic potential of SorR cells. The expression of CD44 and CD133 were studied by flow cytometry and the gene expressions of pluripotency factors were studied by qPCR to demonstrate the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in SorR cells. Control (CTL) and SorR cells were also injected orthotopically to the livers of NOD-SCID mice to investigate the development of lung metastasis. Increased expressions of ABCC1-3 were found in SorR cells. Enhanced migratory and invasive abilities of SorR cells were observed. The changes in expression of EMT regulatory proteins demonstrated an activation of the EMT process in SorR cells. Enriched proportion of CD44(+) and CD44(+)CD133(+) cells were also observed in SorR cells. All (8/8) mice injected with SorR cells demonstrated lung metastasis whereas only 1/8 mouse injected with CTL cells showed lung metastasis. HCC cells with sorafenib resistance demonstrated a higher metastatic potential, which may be due to the activated EMT process. Enriched CSCs were also demonstrated in the sorafenib resistant cells. This study suggests that advanced HCC patients with acquired sorafenib resistance may have enhanced tumor growth or distant metastasis, which raises the concern of long-term sorafenib treatment in advanced HCC patients who have developed resistance of sorafenib.
The Significance and Therapeutic Potential of GATA3 Expression and Mutation in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2015)

GATA3 is a critical transcription factor in the development of various human systems. The notion that GATA3 expression is required for the differentiation and maintenance of normal breast tissue has been well established. Recently, GATA3 is found to actively participate in the multistep process leading breast cancer pathogenesis, including tumorigenesis, tumor differentiation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and metastasis through regulation of various target genes. On the other hand, several studies have raised questions and highlighted the role of GATA3-low or GATA3-negative cells during the malignant development of breast cancer. In addition to gene expression, GATA3 mutations provide another dimension of complexity. As one of the most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, GATA3 mutations may have an effect on DNA-binding ability, protein production, and transactivation activity. Recognition of the multiple function of GATA3 in breast cancer will serve to deepen our understanding of the nature of this disease and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Gene gun-mediated skin transfection with interleukin 12 gene results in regression of established primary and metastatic murine tumors. (1996)

Particle-mediated (gene gun) in vivo delivery of the murine interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene in an expression plasmid was evaluated for antitumor activity. Transfer of IL-12 cDNA into epidermal cells overlying an implanted intradermal tumor resulted in detectable levels (266.0 +/- 27.8 pg) of the transgenic protein at the skin tissue treatment site. Despite these low levels of transgenic IL-12, complete regression of established tumors (0.4-0.8 cm in diameter) was achieved in mice bearing Renca, MethA, SA-1, or L5178Y syngeneic tumors. Only one to four treatments with IL-12 cDNA-coated particles, starting on day 7 after tumor cell implantation, were required to achieve complete tumor regression. This antitumor effect was CD8+ T cell-dependent and led to the generation of tumor-specific immunological memory. By using a metastatic P815 tumor model, we further showed that a delivery of IL-12 cDNA into the skin overlying an advanced intradermal tumor, followed by tumor excision and three additional IL-12 gene transfections, could significantly inhibit systemic metastases, resulting in extended survival of test mice. These results suggest that gene gun-mediated in vivo delivery of IL-12 cDNA should be further developed for potential clinical testing as an approach for human cancer gene therapy.
ACCEPTING THE GREEN CHALLENGE (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTACCEPTING THE GREEN CHALLENGEPresidential awards recognize innovative technologies that promote pollution preventionSTEPHEN K. RITTERView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 27, 24–28Publication Date (Print):July 2, 2001Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 2 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n027.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n027.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Seed Treatment Evaluated for Greenbug Control in Sorghum, 1993 (1994)

Abstract Seed of 3 sorghum hybrids treated with 0, 2 or 4 oz (AI)/cwt of Gaucho were furnished by Gustafson. The hybrids used in the study were NC+ 271, a greenbug susceptible hybrid; DK 56, a biotype-E resistant hybrid; and Cargill 607E, a biotype-I resistant hybrid. All 3 hybrids were pretreated with Captan and Concept and the DK 56 was also pretreated with Apron. The seed was planted on 2 Jun in a modified Latin square design with 3 replications. Each plot was 2 rows wide (5 ft) and 22 ft long. The seed was planted at the rate of 5 g per row using a cone planter. On 15 Jun (with sorghum in 2 leaf stage), greenbug counts were made by visually searching 10 consecutive plants in each row of each plot. On 20 Jul, corn leaf aphid populations were counted by cutting the whorl from 2 plants per plot and counting the number of aphids observed as the leaves were unrolled. On 10—12 Aug, 4 plants per plot were visually examined for greenbugs. On 20 Aug, 2 plants per plot were cut off at the base and then visually examined to estimate greenbug numbers. Yield was determined by machine harvesting the plots on 5 Nov.
Tris‐cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Three Different Ligands: a New Example with 2‐(2,4‐Difluorophenyl)pyridine‐Based Complex (2014)

Abstract An iridium(III) complex comprising three different cyclometalated phenylpyridine‐based ligands was designed and synthesized. Interestingly, mixed‐ligand complexes could be obtained by using a simple and straightforward procedure. A tris(heteroleptic) Ir III complex was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers that could not be separated. Photophysical properties of the tris(heteroleptic) complex was investigated by UV/VIS absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, and compared with those of the parent homoleptic complexes. Modelling by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) was also performed to elucidate the nature and the location of the excited state, and to support the experimental results.
Botulinum neurotoxins C, E and F bind gangliosides via a conserved binding site prior to stimulation‐dependent uptake with botulinum neurotoxin F utilising the three isoforms of SV2 as second receptor (2009)

The high toxicity of clostridial neurotoxins primarily results from their specific binding and uptake into neurons. At motor neurons, the seven botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A-G (BoNT/A-G) inhibit acetylcholine release, leading to flaccid paralysis, while tetanus neurotoxin blocks neurotransmitter release in inhibitory neurons, resulting in spastic paralysis. Uptake of BoNT/A, B, E and G requires a dual interaction with gangliosides and the synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins synaptotagmin or SV2, whereas little is known about the entry mechanisms of the remaining serotypes. Here, we demonstrate that BoNT/F as wells depends on the presence of gangliosides, by employing phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparations derived from mice expressing GM3, GM2, GM1 and GD1a or only GM3. Subsequent site-directed mutagenesis based on homology models identified the ganglioside binding site at a conserved location in BoNT/E and F. Using the mice phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm assay as a physiological model system, cross-competition of full-length neurotoxin binding by recombinant binding fragments, plus accelerated neurotoxin uptake upon increased electrical stimulation, indicate that BoNT/F employs SV2 as protein receptor, whereas BoNT/C and D utilise different SV receptor structures. The co-precipitation of SV2A, B and C from Triton-solubilised SVs by BoNT/F underlines this conclusion.
Adult neural stem cells: The promise of the future (2008)

Stem cells are self-renewing undifferentiated cells that give rise to multiple types of specialized cells of the body. In the adult, stem cells are multipotents and contribute to homeostasis of the tissues and regeneration after injury. Until recently, it was believed that the adult brain was devoid of stem cells, hence unable to make new neurons and regenerate. With the recent evidences that neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the adult central nervous system (CNS), the adult brain has the potential to regenerate and may be amenable to repair. The function(s) of NSCs in the adult CNS remains the source of intense research and debates. The promise of the future of adult NSCs is to redefine the functioning and physiopathology of the CNS, as well as to treat a broad range of CNS diseases and injuries.