gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-quality Ge films on Si substrates using Sb surfactant-mediated graded SiGe buffers (2001)

High-quality Ge films were grown on Si substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy using SiGe graded layer and Sb surfactant-mediation technique. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show that samples grown using this method have a lower threading dislocation density than those grown by other typical methods, such as grading at high temperature (700 °C) only, grading at intermediate temperature (510 °C) only, and the use of low temperature Si buffer. A relaxed Ge film on a 4-μm-thick graded buffer was grown and shown to have a threading dislocation density of 5.4×105 cm−2 and surface roughness of 35 Å. Ge p–i–n diodes were fabricated and tested. Under a reverse bias of 1 V, the p–i–n Ge mesa photodiodes exhibit a very low dark current density of 0.15 mA/cm2.
Decortication and striatal mRNA (1992)

Ipsilateral frontal cortex lesions damaged the corticostriatal input. Northern hybridization analysis showed increases in fibronectin (FN) mRNA, but not changes in mRNA for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), neuro-filament-68 (NF-68) or alpha-tubulin (alpha-1T) 72 h post-lesion. In situ hybridization resolved a different spatial-temporal distribution. The superficial cell layer beneath the wound cavity showed transient elevations of FN mRNA that peaked at 72 h post-lesion. However, in the ipsilateral striatum, FN mRNA was maximal at later times than in the wound cavity, at 240 h post-lesion. Changes in NCAM and alpha-tubulin mRNAs in response to decortication occur only around the wound cavity but not in the deafferentated striatum. The different time courses of mRNA revealed by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization are most probably due to contamination of the ipsilateral striatum at dissection with superficial tissue adjacent to the wound cavity. These results suggest that cellular responses to ipsilateral decortication consist of two phases: (i) a wound healing process; and (ii) striatal responses to deafferentation.
Si IC-compatible inductors and LC passive filters (1990)

Passive inductors and LC filters fabricated in standard Si IC technology are demonstrated. Q-factors from three to eight and inductors up to 10 nH in the gigahertz range have been realized. Measurements on a five-pole maximally flat low-pass filter give midband insertion loss and -3 dB bandwidth close to the nominal design values of 2.25 dB and 880 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Review: family intervention added to standard treatment for schizophrenia reduces relapse (2001)

Barbato A, D'Avanzo B. Family interventions in schizophrenia and related disorders: a critical review of clinical trials . Acta Psychiatr Scand2000 Aug;102 : 81 –97. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTIONS: In patients with schizophrenia, does family intervention increase the efficacy of standard treatment, and what are the characteristics of successful intervention? Studies were identified by searching Medline (1976–98), scanning reviews, and handsearching journal titles (1976–97) listed in Evidence-Based Mental Health . English language studies were selected if they were clinical trials of psychosocial treatment aimed at families of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, used a standardised diagnostic system, were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared family intervention with a control group or alternative family interventions, and systematically described and measured outcomes. Data were extracted on number of patients in treatment groups, type of family intervention, patient characteristics, setting, outcome measures, and results. 25 studies (1744 patients) met the selection criteria. 15 studies compared relapse rates, which were defined in different ways across studies. Statistically significant lower relapse rates were reported for the intervention group than for the control group in 7 of 10 studies at 6–12 months. The median relapse rates across studies was 18% and 44% at 1 year and 33% and 64% at 2 years for the intervention and control groups, respectively. 1 study published in 1997 reported higher relapse rates for the intervention group than for the … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DActa%2Bpsychiatrica%2BScandinavica%26rft.stitle%253DActa%2BPsychiatr%2BScand%26rft.aulast%253DBarbato%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D102%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D81%26rft.epage%253D97%26rft.atitle%253DFamily%2Binterventions%2Bin%2Bschizophrenia%2Band%2Brelated%2Bdisorders%253A%2Ba%2Bcritical%2Breview%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Btrials.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1034%252Fj.1600-0447.2000.102002081.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10937780%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102002081.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10937780&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F4%2F1%2F10.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000088455800002&link_type=ISI
New nanoformulation of rapamycin Rapatar extends lifespan in homozygous p53−/− mice by delaying carcinogenesis (2012)

The nutrient-sensing mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway regulates cellular metabolism, growth functions, and proliferation and is involved in age-related diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. The inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, or calorie restriction, has been shown to extend lifespan and delays tumorigenesis in several experimental models suggesting that rapamycin may be used for cancer prevention. This requires continuous long-term treatment making oral formulations the preferred choice of administration route. However, rapamycin by itself has very poor water solubility and low absorption rate. Here we describe pharmacokinetic and biological properties of novel nanoformulated micelles of rapamycin, Rapatar. Micelles of Rapatar were rationally designed to increase water solubility of rapamycin to facilitate oral administration and to enhance its absorption. As a result, bioavailability of Rapatar was significantly increased (up to 12%) compared to unformulated rapamycin, which concentration in the blood following oral administration remained below level of detection. We also demonstrated that the new formulation does not induce toxicity during lifetime administration. Most importantly, Rapatar extended the mean lifespan by 30% and delayed tumor development in highly tumor-prone p53-/- mice. Our data demonstrate that water soluble Rapatar micelles represent safe, convenient and efficient form of rapamycin suitable for a long-term treatment and that Rapatar may be considered for tumor prevention.
Predicting the Stock Market (1998)

This paper presents a tutorial introduction to predictions of stock time series. The various approaches of technical and fundamental analysis is presented and the prediction problem is formulated as a special case of inductive learning. The problems with performance evaluation of near-random-walk processes are illustrated with examples together with guidelines for avoiding the risk of data-snooping. The connections to concepts like &amp;quot;the bias/variance dilemma&amp;quot;, overtraining and model complexity are further covered. Existing benchmarks and testing metrics are surveyed and some new measures are introduced.
STUDIES IN THE ADAPTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL FOOD TO HUMAN MILK (1919)

Three years ago<sup>1</sup>the idea of adapting the fat of an artificial food like Friedenthal's milk to that of human milk was presented in a practical manner, but with clinical data that at that time were considered insufficient to warrant the drawing of conclusions as to its real practical value. The present report aims to give this data. <h3>OBJECT OF THE INVESTIGATION</h3> The reasons for attempting to adapt the fat of an artificial milk to that of human milk are the following: 1. It is a universally recognized fact that infants, especially young infants, cannot take as high a percentage of cow's milk fat in their food as they can of breast milk fat. A clear substantiation of this fact can be had by consulting the percentage formulas given in the textbook of L. E. Holt. These formulas show two things: (<i>a</i>) that the amount of fat at the
Neuroendocrine Cells in Prostate Cancer (2004)

Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are found in prostate tumors, and their incidence is considered a promising prognostic indicator for the development of androgen-independent disease. NE cells are derived from non-NE prostate cancer cells and secrete factors that can act in a paracrine manner to stimulate the survival, growth, motility, and metastatic potential of prostatic carcinoma cells. Factors such as IL-6, epinephrine, and forskolin induce NE differentiation in prostate cancer cells; the mechanisms involve increases in intracellular cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA) activation and reduced intracellular calcium levels. Transcription factors implicated in the acquisition of NE characteristics by prostate cancer cells include STAT3, CREB, EGR1, c-fos, and NF-kappaB. Expression of Chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, bcl-2, and the androgen receptor are modulated during NE differentiation and serve as molecular markers for NE cells. Most importantly, NE cells secrete neuropeptides, such as bombesin, neurotensin, PTHrP, serotonin, and calcitonin, which trigger growth and survival responses in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cell receptors that play a role in these processes include the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor, neurotensin receptors, and the epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR). Signal-transduction molecules activated by these neuropeptides include Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), ERK, and PI3K/Akt, with subsequent activation of Elk-1, NF-kappaB, and c-myc transcription factors. A multitude of genes are then expressed by prostate cancer cells, which are involved in proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Targeting of these pathways at multiple levels can be exploited to inhibit the process by which NE cells contribute to the progression of androgen-independent, treatment-refractory prostate cancer.
Combined harmonic and waveform coding of speech at low bit rates (2002)

In this paper we present a new approach for speech coding, which combines frequency-domain harmonic coding for periodic and "noise like" unvoiced segments of speech with a time-domain waveform coder for transition signals. This hybrid coder requires special handling of the boundary between voiced and transition segments. We outline the details of a 4 kbps hybrid coder and present subjective quality test results of this coder.
Nucleotide sequence and genome structure of grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 reveal similarities to apple stem pitting virus. (1998)

Rupestris stem pitting (RSP), a component of the rugose wood complex, is one of the most widespread graft-transmissible diseases of grapevines. Here we report on the consistent association of a high molecular mass dsRNA (ca. 8.7 kbp) with RSP. The dsRNA was reverse-transcribed and cDNAs generated were cloned into Lambda ZAP II. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clones showed that the dsRNA was of viral origin and the putative virus was designated rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 (RSPaV-1). The genome of RSPaV-1 consists of 8726 nt excluding a poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. It has five potential open reading frames which have the capacity to code for the replicase (ORF1), the triple gene block (ORF2-4) and the coat protein (ORF5). Comparison of the genome structure and nucleotide and amino acid sequences indicated similarities of RSPaV-1 to apple stem pitting virus, and to a lesser extent, to potato virus M carlavirus. The possibility that different strains of RSPaV-1 or other viruses are associated with RSP is discussed.
RESEARCH ADVANCES IN OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LOW SULFUR FUEL OILS (2009)

The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) technology has been widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for the removal of fuel oils, due to the very mild operation conditions it requires. According to the oxidants involved, the ODS methods to date can be divided into the following categories: H2O2 oxidation method, organic oxidant method, photochemical oxidation method, as well as those involving the use of plasma or ultrasound. Status of research progress in these ODS methods was systematically reviewed, whereby the future work of importance was proposed.
Treatment of acne: an update (2006)

This article reviews the current literature and outlines principles of therapy for acne vulgaris. The treatment selected for each individual case should be based on lesion type, severity of acne, presence of scarring and the psychosocial disability caused by the disease. Clear patient guidelines regarding possible adverse effects and realistic expectations that take into account patient preferences are required to achieve compliance.
Adoptively Transferred Tumor-Specific T Cells Stimulated Ex vivo Using Herpes Simplex Virus Amplicons Encoding 4-1BBL Persist in the Host and Show Antitumor Activity In vivo (2007)

4-1BB is a T-cell costimulatory receptor which binds its ligand 4-1BBL, resulting in prolonged T cell survival. We studied the antitumor effects of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells expanded ex vivo using tumors transduced with herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicons expressing 4-1BBL as a direct source of antigen and costimulation. We constructed HSV amplicons encoding either the 4-1BBL (HSV.4-1BBL) or B7.1 (HSV.B7.1) costimulatory ligands. Lewis lung carcinoma cells expressing ovalbumin (LLC/OVA) were transduced with HSV.4-1BBL, HSV.B7.1, or control HSV amplicons and used to stimulate GFP+ OVA-specific CD8+ T cells (OT-1/GFP) ex vivo. Naive or ex vivo stimulated OT-1/GFP cells were adoptively transferred into LLC/OVA tumor-bearing mice. Higher percentages of OT-1/GFP cells were seen in the peripheral blood, spleen, and tumor bed of the HSV.4-1BBL-stimulated OT-1/GFP group compared with all other experimental groups. OT-1 cells identified within the tumor bed and draining lymph nodes of the HSV.4-1BBL-stimulated OT-1 group showed enhanced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation, suggesting ongoing expansion in vivo. Mice receiving HSV.4-1BBL-stimulated OT-1/GFP had significantly decreased tumor volumes compared with untreated mice (P<0.001) or to mice receiving naive OT-1/GFP (P<0.001). Transfer of HSV.B7.1-stimulated OT-1/GFP did not protect mice from tumor. Mice that received HSV.4-1BBL-stimulated OT-1/GFP exhibited increased cytolytic activity against LLC/OVA and higher percentages of Ly-6C+ OT-1/GFP in the spleen and tumor bed compared with controls. Tumor-specific T cells stimulated ex vivo using tumor transduced with HSV.4-1BBL expand in vivo following adoptive transfer, resulting in tumor eradication and the generation of tumor-specific CD44+Ly-6C+CD62L- effector memory T cells.
Generation of pluripotent stem cells from patients with type 1 diabetes (2009)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The cellular and molecular defects that cause the disease remain unknown. Pluripotent cells generated from patients with T1D would be useful for disease modeling. We show here that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from patients with T1D by reprogramming their adult fibroblasts with three transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4). T1D-specific iPS cells, termed DiPS cells, have the hallmarks of pluripotency and can be differentiated into insulin-producing cells. These results are a step toward using DiPS cells in T1D disease modeling, as well as for cell replacement therapy.
Synthesis, characterization, biodegradation, and drug delivery application of biodegradable lactic/gly colic acid oligomers: Part II. Biodegradation and drug delivery application (1998)

Previously synthesized lactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) oligomers with different compositions (i.e. different ratio of lactic to glycolic acid in the oligomers) were further studied regarding their biodegradation and drug delivery application. The PLGA oligomers have fast biodegradation characteristics. They degrade to water soluble substances, i.e. lactic and glycolic acids, at a rate of 31.43-40.68 mg day-1 in a medium of constant pH and 28.04-37.87 mg day-1 in a medium of non-constant pH. The biodegradation rate is affected by the composition of the PLGA oligomers and the pH of the incubating medium. The higher the content of glycolic acid moiety in the oligomer, the faster the biodegradation rate. The lower the pH of the incubating medium, the slower the biodegradation of PLGA oligomers. A sustained-release drug delivery system based on the PLGA oligomers was fabricated as injectable microgranules by thermal blending of the PLGA oligomers and drug. Aspirin was used as a model drug. The oligomeric microgranules have advantages of easy fabrication, high drug loading efficiency, easy administration, and fast biodegradation. This thermal blending preparation method has a high loading efficiency of more than 90%. The PLGA oligomeric microgranules can release drug from 9 to 13 days depending on the oligomer composition. Both drug release rate and release duration are influenced by composition of the oligomers. The PLGA oligomeric matrix has the capability of protecting aspirin from hydrolysis. The lactic/glycolic acid oligomeric microgranules have potential use for sustained-release drug delivery.
Impaired function of dendritic cells in alymphoplasia (aly/aly) mice for expansion of CD25+CD4+regulatory T cells (2006)

Alymphoplasia (aly/aly) mice are from a naturally occurring strain with a mutation in nuclear factor-kappa B inducing kinase (NIK). The NIK mutation causes disruption of the architecture of the thymus and spleen and aly/aly mice show decreased numbers of CD25+CD4+T cells in the spleen. For the expansion of CD25+CD4+T cells, interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells are necessary. We investigated the ability of DCs to induce expansion of CD25+CD4+T cells. We found that DCs are reduced in the spleen of aly/aly mice, and showed low expressions of CD80, CD86 and MHC class II molecules on the surface. DCs from aly/aly mice showed decreased ability to present ovalbumin (OVA) to T cells from OVA specific TCR transgenic mice, and a decreased ability for alloantigen presentation. Further, DCs showed a decreased ability to induce expansion of CD25+CD4+T cells in vitro. Our results suggested that the impairment of DCs in aly/aly mice is responsible, at least in part, for the decreased numbers of CD25+CD4+T cells in the periphery of aly/aly mice.
Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Biomedical Applications (2011)

Challenges 56 bioadhesives, for immobilization of enzymes and cells and in tissue engineering. These photocrosslinked polymers can be obtained either from natural polymers (eg. hyaluronic acid) or from synthetic monomers in the presence of a photoinitiator, using visible or ultraviolet light They observed that the PEGMEMA-PPGMA-EGDMA copolymers, with both thermoresponsive and photocrosslinkable properties, have excellent mechanical properties above the LCST. They suggested that the biodegradability of these gels could be increased by copolymerization with biodegradable blocks. Other authors They observed that this method could give a very efficient method to synthesize hydrogels in a selective and controlled manner. Tae II Son group developed a visible light-crosslinkable porcine gelatine containing furfuryl groups by using Rose Bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) as a visible light sensitizer. These authors referred that the material could be used in the dental field as well as a visible light induced crossslinkable bioselant. Schuster and co-workers ( For this purpose, as a first step, they prepared different methacrylate based gelatine derivatives by reaction of this polymer with glycidylmethacrylate and other acrylate monomers. In this way, they obtained polymerizable gelatin that was polymerized with a polyethyleneglycol monomethacrylate comonomer. They where then, able to prepare cellular structures by using stereolithography. Nichol and colleagues (2010) prepared a photopolymerizable gelatine methacrylate for tissue engineering applications. They modified gelatine with methacrylic anhydride, which was subsequently photopolymerized with UV irradiation, in the presence of Irgacure 2959. These authors suggested that these hydrogels could be applied in microscale applications to create endothelial-lined vessels within engineered tissues. Hu and co-workers (2010) used a carboxymethylated chitosan modified with 4nitrocinnamate acid to obtain a photopolymerizable derivative without initiator. They were able to prepare a gel with good mechanical properties that was efficiently used as a matrix in a drug delivery system. Although the extension of described works, the photopolymerization/photocrosslinkage are processes which are still being studied and therefore explored by many researchers. In this chapter, we wish to report some of the highlights of our work, in this field, still on course in our research group.
Proglucagon Processing Similar to Normal Islets in Pancreatic α-Like Cell Line Derived From Transgenic Mouse Tumor (1990)

A pancreatic alpha-like cell line has been established from a glucagonoma arising in transgenic mice expressing a hybrid gene consisting of the rat glucagon-promoter sequence fused to the sequence encoding the SV40 T-antigen oncoprotein. The alpha-tumor cell 1 (alpha TC1) line maintained many characteristics of differentiated alpha-cells for greater than 40 passages in culture and expressed levels of glucagon mRNA 5- to 10-fold higher than those reported previously in rat and hamster islet cell lines. By radioimmunoassay, the cells synthesized considerable amounts of glucagon, glucagonlike peptide I (GLP-I), the major proglucagon fragment, and small amounts of unprocessed proglucagon but no free GLP-II. This distribution of peptides is similar to that found in extracts of rodent pancreases and is distinct from that seen with other islet cell lines, which process proglucagon in patterns more characteristic of intestinal cells. The GLP-I peptide in the alpha TC1 cell line was in the form of GLP-I-(1-37), which is inactive as a stimulator of insulin secretion, and not GLP-I-7-37) or -(7-36)-amide peptides, both of which are potent insulin secretagogues. The alpha TC1 cell line produced glucagon-related peptides in a relatively uniform pattern by immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed typical alpha-type (glucagon) secretory granules. Although the cell line was derived from an islet tumor producing only glucagon, the alpha TC1 cell line also produced insulin in addition to the glucagon peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Single sign-on using cookies for Web applications (2003)

The proliferation of Web applications forces users to manage multiple user names and passwords daily. Various single sign-on solutions that depend upon PKI, Kerberos, or password-store have been proposed, but they require client side infrastructure and new administrative steps. Single sign-on in a Web based intranet environment can be achieved using http cookies. This paper analyses cookie security issues and proposes a cookie based single sign-on architecture.