gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOE Pumping:  A Novel NMR Technique for Identification of Compounds with Binding Affinity to Macromolecules (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNOE Pumping: A Novel NMR Technique for Identification of Compounds with Binding Affinity to MacromoleculesAidi Chen and Michael J. ShapiroView Author Information Department of Analytics, Preclinical Research Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation 556 Morris Ave., Summit, New Jersey 07901 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 39, 10258–10259Publication Date (Web):September 17, 1998Publication History Received22 June 1998Revised7 August 1998Published online17 September 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982152ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982152orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1472Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Diffusion,Ligands,Macromolecules,Receptors,Transport properties Get e-Alerts
Lactate: A Preferred Fuel for Human Brain Metabolism in Vivo (2003)

Recent in vitro studies suggest that lactate, rather than glucose, may be the preferred fuel for neuronal metabolism. The authors examined the effect of lactate on global brain glucose uptake in euglycemic human subjects using 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Eight healthy men, aged 40 to 54 years, underwent a 60-minute FDG-PET scan on two occasions in random order. On one occasion, 6.72% sodium lactate was infused at a rate of 50 micro mol. kg-1. min-1 for 20 minutes and then reduced to 30 micro mol. kg-1. min-1; 1.4% sodium bicarbonate was infused as a control on the other occasion. Plasma glucose levels were not different between the two groups (5.3 +/- 0.23 and 5.3 +/- 0.24 mmol/L, P = 0.55). Plasma lactate was significantly elevated by lactate infusion (4.08 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, P < 0.0005. The whole-brain rate of glucose uptake was significantly reduced by approximately 17% during lactate infusion (0.195 +/- 0.022 vs. 0.234 +/- 0.020 micro mol. g-1. min-1, P = 0.001). The authors conclude that, in vivo in humans, circulating lactate is used by the brain at euglycemia, with sparing of glucose.
Improving Soft Real-Time Performance through Better Slack Reclaiming (2006)

Modern operating systems frequently support applications with a variety of timing constraints including hard real-time, soft real-time, and best-effort. To guarantee performance, critical applications typically over-reserve resources based on worst-case resource usage estimates, while others may reserve based on average-case or other estimates. When resources are fully subscribed, the performance of soft- and non-real-time applications depends upon the effective distribution of dynamic slack - reserved, but unused resources - from other tasks. Motivated by several representative examples, we derive four general principles for the effective management of slack. We have implemented these principles in four progressively better slack schedulers that demonstrate their effectiveness. BACKSLASH, which employs all four principles, misses fewer soft realtime deadlines than all of the other slack schedulers we examined
Replication of African Swine Fever Virus in Cell Cultures (1980)

Infection-specific, nonstructural, African swine fever virus antigens, as visualized by the immunofluorescence technique, appeared as fine stipplings, evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Vero cells and in monocytes by postinoculation hour (PIH) 3. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB) appeared at PIH 4 and continued to increase in size up to PIH 8. The viral DNA was solely synthesized within the IB of infected monocytes, as evidenced by an autoradiographic chase experiment; maximum synthesis occurred at PIH 5. The 2,300-S and 2,500-S (sedimentation coefficient) structural viral antigens were visualized in the IB at PIH 5 and 6, respectively. The infective new progeny of African swine fever virus were formed between PIH 7 and 8, and the cell surface viral antigens were produced between PIH 8 and 9. Free virus was released between PIH 10 and 11. Infected cells detached from the glass surface from PIH 13. The 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine interfered with the formation of infective virus, but not interfere with the production of viral antigens.
Going the Distance: A Current View of Enhancer Action (1998)

In eukaryotes, transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II yields messenger RNA intermediates from which protein products are synthesized. Transcriptional enhancers are discrete DNA elements that contain specific sequence motifs with which DNA-binding proteins interact and transmit molecular signals to genes. Here, current models regarding the role of enhancers in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II are presented.
EmisView: New Software for Visualizing and Quality Assuring Emission Modeling Data (2005)

EmisView is a new, open-source visualization tool that will improve the quality assurance of emissions data for use in air quality modeling efforts of states, Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It works closely with emission models, including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system, and the CONsolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool (CONCEPT), which has been developed by the Midwest RPO. The analyses and graphics created by EmisView can be configured and repeated in an automated fashion. The first beta version of EmisView will be released in May 2005, an additional release will follow in September 2005. It will be released under a GNU Public License, which will enable modelers to examine its source code and enhance it as needed. EmisView is being developed to perform analyses that the states, RPOs, and EPA have identified as priorities. By September 2005, the software will be able to plot emissions at various temporal and spatial resolutions with many types of plots (e.g., bar, line); display spatial plots of gridded, county, and source-level emissions; track a single source through all the stages of the emissions modeling process; and compare at least two emissions modeling runs (e.g., versions 1 and 2, or controlled versus uncontrolled). More information on the EmisView project is available at http://emisview.sourceforge.net.
Systemic Efficacy of Nodulisporamides against Fleas on Dogs (2001)

W. L. Shoop, M. Zakson-Aiken, L. M. Gregory, B. F. Michael, J. Pivnichny, P. T. Meinke, M. H. Fisher, M. J. Wyvratt, B. Pikounis, D. M. Schmatz, Systemic Efficacy of Nodulisporamides against Fleas on Dogs, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 87, No. 5 (Oct., 2001), pp. 1150-1154
Drotrecogin alfa (activated) (recombinant human activated protein C) reduces host coagulopathy response in patients with severe sepsis (2003)

Drotrecogin alfa (activated) improved survival in patients with severe sepsis in PROWESS, a double-blind, study of 1690 adult patients randomized to drotrecogin alfa (activated) at 24 microg/kg/h (N=850) or placebo (N=840) infused for 96 hours. Pharmacodynamic effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated) were assessed with 15 prospectively defined systemic biomarkers of hemostasis, inflammation and endothelial injury. The last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) method of imputation for missing observations was the prospectively defined statistical method. The results were also analyzed with only the observed values without imputation for missing data (repeated measures analysis). With both statistical methods, drotrecogin alfa (activated)-treated patients demonstrated antithrombotic (reduced markers of thrombin generation and accelerated normalization of anticoagulant factor, protein C and fibrinolytic factors) and anticoagulant (prolonged PT and APTT) effects compared with placebo. A profibrinolytic (reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) effect was significant only with the LOCF imputation method in observed case and percent change from baseline analyses. An anti-inflammatory (reduction in interleukin-6) effect was significant only with the LOCF imputation method in change from baseline and percent change from baseline analyses. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) is a new and promising agent for treatment of patients with severe sepsis. The extensive analysis of systemic biomarkers confirms the previously published antithrombotic effects. However, the present results using different statistical methods do not provide a strong basis for systemic anti-inflammatory or pro-fibrinolytic effects. These latter two effects may occur at the local or cellular level. The systemic biomarkers reported here might not be the most appropriate approach to demonstrate these potential effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated).
Sidewall transfer process and selective gate sidewall spacer formation technology for sub-15nm finfet with elevated source/drain extension (2006)

We present the FinFET process integration technology including improved sidewall transfer (SWT) process applicable to both fins and gates. Using this process, the uniform electrical characteristics of the ultra-small FinFETs of 15nm gate length and 10 nm fin width have been demonstrated. A new process technique for the selective gate sidewall spacer formation (spacer formation only on the gate sidewall, no spacer on the fin sidewall) is also demonstrated for realizing low-resistance elevated source/drain (S/D) extension
Tungsten-Induced Denaturation and Aggregation of Epoetin Alfa During Primary Packaging as a Cause of Immunogenicity (2011)

We propose tungsten-mediated unfolding and aggregation of epoetin alfa in pre-filled syringes as a potential root cause for increased immunogenicity. This finding may be more broadly applicable to this and other classes of therapeutic proteins.
The initiation, propagation, and arrest of joints and other fractures (2004)

This volume is a state of the art look at our understanding of joint development in the crust. Answers are provided for such questions as the mechanisms by which joints are initiated, the factors controlling the path they follow during the propagation process, and the processes responsible for the arrest of joints. Many of the answers to these questions can be inferred from the geometry of joint surface morphology and joint patterns. Joints are a record of the orientation of stress at the time of propagation and as such they are also useful records of ancient stress fields, regional and local. Because outcrop and subsurface views of joints are limited, statistical techniques are required to characterize joints and joint sets. Finally, joints are subject to post-propagation stresses that further localize deformation and are the focus for the development of new structures.
LTP saturation and spatial learning disruption: effects of task variables and saturation levels (1994)

The prediction that "saturation" of LTP/LTE at hippocampal synapses should impair spatial learning was reinvestigated in the light of a more specific consideration of the theory of Hebbian associative networks, which predicts a nonlinear relationship between LTP "saturation" and memory impairment. This nonlinearity may explain the variable results of studies that have addressed the effects of LTP "saturation" on behavior. The extent of LTP "saturation" in fascia dentata produced by the standard chronic LTP stimulation protocol was assessed both electrophysiologically and through the use of an anatomical marker (activation of the immediate-early gene zif268). Both methods point to the conclusion that the standard protocols used to induce LTP do not "saturate" the process at any dorsoventral level, and leave the ventral half of the hippocampus virtually unaffected. LTP-inducing, bilateral perforant path stimulation led to a significant deficit in the reversal of a well-learned spatial response on the Barnes circular platform task as reported previously, yet in the same animals produced no deficit in learning the Morris water task (for which previous results have been conflicting). The behavioral deficit was not a consequence of any after-discharge in the hippocampal EEG. In contrast, administration of maximal electroconvulsive shock led to robust zif268 activation throughout the hippocampus, enhancement of synaptic responses, occlusion of LTP produced by discrete high-frequency stimulation, and spatial learning deficits in the water task. These data provide further support for the involvement of LTP-like synaptic enhancement in spatial learning.
Determination of camera location from 2D to 3D line and point correspondences (2003)

A novel method for the determination of camera location from 2-D to 3-D line or point correspondences is presented. Using this method, the computation of the rotation matrix and the translation vector of the camera are separable. First, the rotation matrix is found by a linear algorithm using eight or more line correspondences, or by a nonlinear algorithm using three of more line correspondences, where the line correspondences are either given or derived from point correspondences. Then, the translation vector can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations based on three or more line correspondences, or two or more point correspondences. Eight 2-D-to-3-D line or point correspondences or six 2-D-to-3-D point correspondences are needed for the linear approach; three 2-D-to-3-D line or point correspondences for the nonlinear approach. Good results can be obtained in the presence of noise if more than the minimum required number of correspondences are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intensifying Platelet Inhibition — Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis (2007)

In Greek mythology, Scylla was a ferocious beast and Charybdis was a monstrous whirlpool. The wily Odysseus successfully navigated between these two dangers by steering closer to Scylla, though he did lose a few crew members to her. In a similar manner, the astute clinician managing myocardial ischemia by using antiplatelet therapy attempts to balance coronary thrombosis, the basic cause of myocardial ischemia, against hemorrhage, the most-feared complication of antiplatelet therapy. There are many pathways by which antiplatelet drugs may antagonize platelet activation or aggregation, all of which increase the risk of bleeding, and many of which decrease the risk . . .
Surface exposure of O1 serotype lipopolysaccharide in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains expressing different K antigens (1991)

Surface exposure of the O1 serotype lipopolysaccharide in encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains belonging to different serotypes was examined by using the O1 antigen-specific bacteriophages FC3-1 and FC3-2 in conjunction with immunogold electron microscopy and enzyme immunoassays with specific antisera. Despite the presence of the capsular polysaccharide, the O1 antigen was exposed at the cell surface in strains producing K2, K7, K8, K12, K19, K21, K22, K34, K35, K42, K45, K55, K57, K62, K66, K69, and K70 capsular polysaccharides. However, in strains producing K1, K10, and K16 capsular polysaccharides, the O1 antigen was masked by the K antigen. These results suggest that, since the O1 antigen is surface exposed in many different strains of K. pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes and is also able to immunoprotect, its potential as a useful vaccine component should not be overlooked.
Rapid Production of Multiple Independent Lines of Fertile Transgenic Wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1993)

Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by biotechnological approaches is currently limited by a lack of efficient and reliable transformation methodology. In this report, we detail a protocol for transformation of a highly embryogenic wheat cultivar, Bobwhite. Calli derived from immature embryos, 0.5 to 1 mm long, were bombarded with microprojectiles coated with DNA containing as marker genes the bar gene, encoding phosphinothricin-resistance, and the gene encoding [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS), each under control of a maize ubiquitin promoter. The bombardment was performed 5 d after embryo excision, just after initiation of callus proliferation. The ability of plantlets to root in the presence of 1 or 3 mg/L of bialaphos was the most reliable selection criteria used to identify transformed plants. Stable transformation was confirmed by marker gene expression assays and the presence of the bar sequences in high molecular weight chromosomal DNA of the resultant plants. Nine independent lines of fertile transgenic wheat plants have been obtained thus far, at a frequency of 1 to 2 per 1000 embryos bombarded. On average, 168 d elapsed between embryo excision for bombardment and anthesis of the T0 plants. The transmission of both the resistance phenotype and bar DNA to the T1 generation verified that germline transformation had occurred.
Olfactory responses and field attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles from Limburger cheese and human foot odor. (1998)

Olfactory responses of female Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) to various odor stimuli were studied in a dual-port olfactometer. Responses (i.e., the percent of ca. 75 available female mosquitoes in flight chamber entering each olfactometer port) were studied toward clean conditioned air (control), human foot skin emanations (collected on socks by wearing them for three days), human hand, and Limburger cheese. Mean percent response was greatest to the human hand (80.1%), followed by the human worn sock (66.1%), Limburger cheese (6.4%), and control (< 0.1%). In field studies the worn sock alone attracted very few mosquitoes but a synergistic response occurred to the sock + carbon dioxide baited traps for most species of mosquitoes in six genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Culiseta, and Psorophora). This synergistic effect persisted even when the socks were exposed to environmental conditions for eight consecutive days. Limburger cheese alone did not attract mosquitoes to traps compared to unbaited traps, and there appeared to be a slight repellent effect for most mosquito species when used in combination with carbon dioxide.
Mapping of RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: complementation group F mutants have lesions in nsP4 (1989)

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Sindbis virus belonging to complementation group F, ts6, ts110, and ts118, are defective in RNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature. cDNA clones of these group F mutants, as well as of ts+ revertants, have been constructed. To assign the ts phenotype to a specific region in the viral genome, restriction fragments from the mutant cDNA clones were used to replace the corresponding regions of the full-length clone Toto1101 of Sindbis virus. These hybrid plasmids were transcribed in vitro by SP6 RNA polymerase to produce infectious transcripts, and the virus recovered was tested for temperature sensitivity. After the ts lesion of each mutant was mapped to a specific region of 400 to 800 nucleotides by this approach, this region of the cDNA clones of both the ts mutant and ts+ revertants was sequenced in order to determine the precise nucleotide change and amino acid substitution responsible for each mutation. Rescued mutants, which have a uniform background except for one or two defined changes, were examined for viral RNA synthesis and complementation to show that the phenotypes observed were the result of the mutations mapped. ts6 and ts110 had a single base substitution in nsP4, resulting in replacement of Gly by Glu at position 153 or position 324, respectively. It is of interest that nsP4 contains the Gly-Asp-Asp motif characteristic of a number of viral replicases, and this, together with the fact that all RNA synthesis in ts6-infected cells and, to a lesser extent, in ts110-infected cells shut off when the cells were shifted from a permissive to a nonpermissive temperature, suggests that nsP4 is the virus polymerase. ts118 was a double mutant. It contained a single base substitution in nsP2, resulting in replacement of Val by Ala at position 425 that resulted in the formation of minute plaques, but not in a reduction in the plaque number at the nonpermissive condition. The second change, a substitution of Gln by Arg in ts118 at residue 93 in nsP4, had little apparent phenotype on its own, but in combination with the change in nsP2 led to a ts phenotype. Thus, in each case the mutation responsible for the temperature sensitivity of the three known complementation group F mutants lay in nsP4. In addition, the result with ts118 suggests that nsP2 and nsP4 may interact with each other in a complex.
Specificity of the high affinity interaction of protein kinase C with a physiological substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate. (1994)

Although myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), has been employed as an indicator for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in intact cells, little is known about its specificity for PKC family members. To address this question, we partially purified human MARCKS from baculovirus-infected cells and compared the kinetic parameters for phosphorylation by PKC isozymes, conventional PKC alpha (cPKC alpha), novel PKC delta (nPKC delta), nPKC epsilon, and atypical PKC zeta (apKC zeta), all of which are distributed in a wide variety of cells. cPKC alpha, nPKC delta, and nPKC epsilon efficiently phosphorylated intact MARCKS protein in vitro. The affinity of MARCKS for cPKC alpha, nPKC delta, and nPKC epsilon was extremely high and decreased in the order alpha > delta > epsilon with Km values of 10.7, 20.7, and 29.8 nM, respectively. The rate of phosphorylation also decreased in the same order. In contrast, a PKC zeta did not phosphorylate MARCKS efficiently, and we were unable to estimate the kinetic parameters. These results suggest that cPKC alpha, nPKC delta, and nPKC epsilon but not a PKC zeta are enzymes that phosphorylate MARCKS in response to PKC activators in intact cells. The structural requirements of MARCKS for efficient phosphorylation by these PKC members were then examined using a peptide that surrounds the phosphorylation site of MARCKS (peptide MARCKS). Interestingly, intact MARCKS showed a 90-150 times lower rate of phosphorylation by PKCs compared with peptide MARCKS, whereas the former showed a 40-180 times higher affinity for these PKC members. This implies that intact MARCKS protein retains a very high affinity for PKC with the sacrifice of its phospho-accepting activity. The structural requirements of PKC were then examined using a calpain-cleaved active fragment of nPKC delta. MARCKS was phosphorylated by the active catalytic fragment as efficiently as by intact nPKC delta, indicating that the kinase domain is sufficient for the high affinity interaction with intact MARCKS. However, gel overlay assay revealed that both intact nPKC delta and its regulatory domain bind to MARCKS, suggesting that both the kinase and regulatory domains of nPKC delta are involved in the high affinity interaction with intact MARCKS protein.