gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gang Migration of Virtual Machines Using Cluster-wide Deduplication (2013)

Gang migration refers to the simultaneous live migration of multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) from one set of physical machines to another in response to events such as load spikes and imminent failures. Gang migration generates a large volume of network traffic and can overload the core network links and switches in a data center. In this paper, we present an approach to reduce the network overhead of gang migration using global deduplication (GMGD). GMGD identifies and eliminates the retransmission of duplicate memory pages among VMs running on multiple physical machines in the cluster. We describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a GMGD prototype using QEMU/KVM VMs. Evaluations on a 30-node Gigabit Ethernet cluster having 10GigE core links shows that GMGD can reduce the network traffic on core links by up to 65% and the total migration time of VMs by up to 42% when compared to the default migration technique in QEMU/KVM. Furthermore, GMGD has a smaller adverse performance impact on network-bound applications.
Role of Imaging in the Staging and Response Assessment of Lymphoma: Consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group (2014)

This article comprises the consensus reached to update guidance on the use of PET-CT for staging and response assessment for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lymphomas in clinical practice and late-phase trials.
Learning Complexity-Aware Cascades for Deep Pedestrian Detection (2015)

The design of complexity-aware cascaded detectors, combining features of very different complexities, is considered. A new cascade design procedure is introduced, by formulating cascade learning as the Lagrangian optimization of a risk that accounts for both accuracy and complexity. A boosting algorithm, denoted as complexity aware cascade training (CompACT), is then derived to solve this optimization. CompACT cascades are shown to seek an optimal trade-off between accuracy and complexity by pushing features of higher complexity to the later cascade stages, where only a few difficult candidate patches remain to be classified. This enables the use of features of vastly different complexities in a single detector. In result, the feature pool can be expanded to features previously impractical for cascade design, such as the responses of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). This is demonstrated through the design of a pedestrian detector with a pool of features whose complexities span orders of magnitude. The resulting cascade generalizes the combination of a CNN with an object proposal mechanism: rather than a pre-processing stage, CompACT cascades seamlessly integrate CNNs in their stages. This enables state of the art performance on the Caltech and KITTI datasets, at fairly fast speeds.
KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 Potassium Channel Subunits: Molecular Correlates of the M-Channel (1998)

The M-current regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability of many neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. To date, however, the genes that encode subunits of this important channel have not been identified. The biophysical properties, sensitivity to pharmacological blockade, and expression pattern of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels were determined. It is concluded that both these subunits contribute to the native M-current.
Surgical technique of experimental lung transplantation in rabbits. (2005)

We established a left unilateral lung allotransplantation model in the rabbit and observed suppression of acute rejection of the transplanted lung by CsA. This study suggests that the rabbit is also an experimental model suited for the analysis of lung preservation as well as lung allotransplant rejection.
Application of Nanoparticle Technology for the Prevention of Restenosis After Balloon Injury in Rats (2003)

Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention continues to be a serious problem in clinical cardiology. Recent advances in nanoparticle technology have enabled us to deliver an antiproliferative drug selectively to the balloon-injured artery for a longer time. NK911, which is a core-shell nanoparticle of polyethyleneglycol-based block copolymer encapsulating doxorubicin, accumulates in vascular lesions with increased permeability. We first confirmed that balloon injury caused a marked and sustained increase in vascular permeability (as evaluated by Evans blue staining) for a week in the rat carotid artery. We then observed that intravenous administration of just 3 times of NK911, but not doxorubicin alone, significantly inhibited the neointimal formation of the rat carotid artery at 4 weeks after the injury in both a single- and double-injury model. Immunostaining demonstrated that the effect of NK911 was due to inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation but not to enhancement of apoptosis or inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment. Measurement of vascular concentrations of doxorubicin confirmed the effective delivery of the agent to the balloon-injured artery by NK911 in both a single- and double-injury model. RNA protection assay demonstrated that NK911 inhibited expression of several cytokines but not that of apoptosis-related molecules. NK911 was well tolerated without any adverse systemic effects. These results suggest that nanoparticle technology to target vascular lesions with increased permeability is a promising and safe approach for the prevention of restenosis after balloon injury. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Reaction Kinetics of CO2-H2O Gas Mixtures with Liquid Fe-C Alloys. (1994)

The rate of decarburization of carbon-saturated liquid iron with CO.-H.O gas mixtures has been studied to better understand the reaction mechanismbetween liquid iron containing carbon with post-combusted gas in an iron bath smelting reactor. The measurementswere done under conditions in which the effect of mass transfer is negligible. The experimental temperature was 1 773 K and the sulfur content in the metal was fixed at 0.2mass'/. The rate was measuredfor a partial pressure of CO* in the range of 0.5 to I atm for CO.-Ar. 0 .7 to 0.9atm for C02-H.Oand O to 0.95atm for C02-5"/oH.O-Ar gas mixtures.
Blockage by Adenovirus E4orf6 of Transcriptional Activation by the p53 Tumor Suppressor (1996)

The adenovirus E4orf6 protein is shown here to interact with the cellular tumor suppressor protein p53 and to block p53-mediated transcriptional activation. The adenovirus protein inhibited the ability of p53 to bind to human TAFII31, a component of transcription factor IID (TFIID). Earlier work demonstrated that the interaction of p53 with TAFII31 involves a sequence near the NH2-terminus of p53, whereas the E4orf6-p53 interaction occurs within amino acids 318 to 360 of p53. Thus, the E4orf6 protein interacts at a site on p53 distinct from the domain that binds to TAFII31 but nevertheless inhibits the p53-TAFII31 interaction.
Association of the Innate Immunity and Inflammation Pathway with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most frequent and second most lethal cancer in men in the United States. Innate immunity and inflammation may increase the risk of prostate cancer. To determine the role of innate immunity and inflammation in advanced prostate cancer, we investigated the association of 320 single nucleotide polymorphisms, located in 46 genes involved in this pathway, with disease risk using 494 cases with advanced disease and 536 controls from Cleveland, Ohio. Taken together, the whole pathway was associated with advanced prostate cancer risk (P = 0.02). Two sub-pathways (intracellular antiviral molecules and extracellular pattern recognition) and four genes in these sub-pathways (TLR1, TLR6, OAS1, and OAS2) were nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk and harbor several SNPs nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that the innate immunity and inflammation pathway may play a modest role in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer through multiple small effects.
Snake Venom Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) Exhibit Potent Activity through Their Specific Recognition of KDR (VEGF Receptor 2) (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) exhibits multiple effects via the activation of two distinct endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases: Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) and KDR (kinase insert domain-containing receptor). KDR shows strong ligand-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with Flt-1 and mainly mediates the mitogenic, angiogenic, and permeability-enhancing effects of VEGF165. Here we show the isolation of two VEGFs from viper venoms and the characterization of their unique biological properties. Snake venom VEGFs strongly stimulated proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Interestingly, the maximum activities were almost twice that of VEGF165. They also induced strong hypotension on rat arterial blood pressure compared with VEGF165 in vivo. A receptor binding assay revealed that snake venom VEGFs bound to KDR-IgG with high affinity (Kd = approximately 0.1 nm) as well as to VEGF165 but did not interact with Flt-1, Flt-4, or neuropilin-1 at all. Our data clearly indicate that snake venom VEGFs act through the specific activation of KDR and show potent effects. Snake venom VEGFs are a highly specific ligand to KDR and form a new group of the VEGF family.
Binding characteristics of scavenger receptors on liver endothelial and Kupffer cells for modified low-density lipoproteins (1994)

Previous studies showed that both endothelial and Kupffer cells contain specific recognition sites of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), in addition to recognition sites which recognize OxLDL and acetylated LDL (AcLDL). We have determined the binding characteristics of the recognition sites for OxLDL on Kupffer cells and endothelial cells (OxLDL-specific binding-site) in comparison to the recognition site for AcLDL on endothelial cells, which recognizes both AcLDL and OxLDL (Ac/OxLDL binding site). The capacity of Kupffer cells to bind OxLDL (Bmax. = 779 ng of 125I-OxLDL/mg of cell protein; Kd = 6 micrograms/ml) was comparable to the binding-capacity of endothelial cells (Bmax. = 803 ng of 125I-OxLDL/mg of cell protein; Kd = 5 micrograms/ml). The effect of net charge of modified LDL on its affinity for the recognition sites on Kupffer and endothelial cells was evaluated using competition studies. The affinity of AcLDL for the Ac/OxLDL binding site was greatly increased from 460 micrograms/ml to 4 micrograms/ml with increasing extent of modification and thus net charge. The Ac/OxLDL binding-site on endothelial cells also displayed an increased affinity towards LDL with an increasing degree of oxidation. The affinity of OxLDL for the Ac/OxLDL binding-site appeared to be about 4-fold higher than that of AcLDL with a similar extent of modification. At higher degrees of oxidation of LDL, the affinity for the OxLDL-specific site on endothelial and Kupffer cells was also strongly enhanced; the OxLDL-specific binding-site possesses a higher affinity for mildly oxidized LDL as compared with the Ac/OxLDL binding-site. It is concluded that recognition of OxLDL by both the OxLDL-specific binding-site and the Ac/OxLDL binding-site on liver endothelial and Kupffer cells depends on the net negative charge of modified LDL. The similarity in binding pattern of these binding sites makes it likely that the newly described 95 kD OxLDL binding protein on Kupffer cells [Y. B. De Rijke and Th. J. C. van Berkel, J. Biol. Chem. (1994), 269, 824-827] contains a recognition site with similar structural elements as described earlier for scavenger receptors.
Concise Review: Organoids Are a Powerful Tool for the Study of Liver Disease and Personalized Treatment Design in Humans and Animals (2016)

Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems in which adult stem cells and their progeny grow and represent the native physiology of the cells in vivo. Organoids have been successfully derived from several organ systems in both animal models and human patients. Organoids have been used for fundamental research, disease modeling, drug testing, and transplantation. In this review, we summarize the applications of liver-derived organoids and discuss their potential. It is likely that organoids will provide an invaluable tool to unravel disease mechanisms, design novel (personalized) treatment strategies, and generate autologous stem cells for gene editing and transplantation purposes.
Advances in Asphaltene Science and the Yen–Mullins Model (2012)

The Yen–Mullins model, also known as the modified Yen model, specifies the predominant molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils and laboratory solvents and consists of the following: The most probable asphaltene molecular weight is ∼750 g/mol, with the island molecular architecture dominant. At sufficient concentration, asphaltene molecules form nanoaggregates with an aggregation number less than 10. At higher concentrations, nanoaggregates form clusters again with small aggregation numbers. The Yen–Mullins model is consistent with numerous molecular and colloidal studies employing a broad array of methodologies. Moreover, the Yen–Mullins model provides a foundation for the development of the first asphaltene equation of state for predicting asphaltene gradients in oil reservoirs, the Flory–Huggins–Zuo equation of state (FHZ EoS). In turn, the FHZ EoS has proven applicability in oil reservoirs containing condensates, black oils, and heavy oils. While the development of the Yen–Mullins model was founded on a very large number of studies, it nevertheless remains essential to validate consistency of this model with important new data streams in asphaltene science. In this paper, we review recent advances in asphaltene science that address all critical aspects of the Yen–Mullins model, especially molecular architecture and characteristics of asphaltene nanoaggregates and clusters. Important new studies are shown to be consistent with the Yen–Mullins model. Wide ranging studies with direct interrogation of the Yen–Mullins model include detailed molecular decomposition analyses, optical measurements coupled with molecular orbital calculations, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, centrifugation, direct-current (DC) conductivity, interfacial studies, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), as well as oilfield studies. In all cases, the Yen–Mullins model is proven to be at least consistent if not valid. In addition, several studies previously viewed as potentially inconsistent with the Yen–Mullins model are now largely resolved. Moreover, oilfield studies using the Yen–Mullins model in the FHZ EoS are greatly improving the understanding of many reservoir concerns, such as reservoir connectivity, heavy oil gradients, tar mat formation, and disequilibrium. The simple yet powerful advances codified in the Yen–Mullins model especially with the FHZ EoS provide a framework for future studies in asphaltene science, petroleum science, and reservoir studies.
SERVICEABILITY BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE HALF JOINTS (1987)

A method of calculating service load stresses, strains and crack widths in reinforced concrete half joints is proposed, and compared with the results of tests on 46 half joints. The proposed method of calculation gave reasonable agreement with the test data, and also with the limited amount of independent data that are available. It was found that the most significant factor in controlling service load stresses and crack widths is the provision of inclined reinforcement at a half joint.(a)
cag , a pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors (1996)

cagA, a gene that codes for an immunodominant antigen, is present only in Helicobacter pylori strains that are associated with severe forms of gastroduodenal disease (type I strains). We found that the genetic locus that contains cagA (cag) is part of a 40-kb DNA insertion that likely was acquired horizontally and integrated into the chromosomal glutamate racemase gene. This pathogenicity island is flanked by direct repeats of 31 bp. In some strains, cag is split into a right segment (cagI) and a left segment (cagII) by a novel insertion sequence (IS605). In a minority of H. pylori strains, cagI and cagII are separated by an intervening chromosomal sequence. Nucleotide sequencing of the 23,508 base pairs that form the cagI region and the extreme 3' end of the cagII region reveals the presence of 19 ORFs that code for proteins predicted to be mostly membrane associated with one gene (cagE), which is similar to the toxin-secretion gene of Bordetella pertussis, ptlC, and the transport systems required for plasmid transfer, including the virB4 gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transposon inactivation of several of the cagI genes abolishes induction of IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial cell lines. Thus, we believe the cag region may encode a novel H. pylori secretion system for the export of virulence determinants.
Ex Vivo Magnetofection With Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Novel Platform for Nonviral Tissue Engineering (2008)

Several methods have been described to introduce DNA expression vectors into mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo. Each system has benefits and limitations, and to date there is still no ideal method for gene transfer. In this study, we introduced a novel method of gene transfer by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles composed of Fe3O4, and the transfected genes used are Lac Z and enhanced green fluorescence protein gene (EGFG). Four different groups of preparations included in this study were homemade liposome-enveloped EGFP-DNA/Fe3O4, homemade liposome EGFP-DNA gene without magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, lipofectamine 2000-enveloped EGFP-DNA, and EGFP-DNA gene only. Mice osteoblast and He99 lung cancer cell line were used as host cells for gene transfection. The time-dependent EGFP gene expression was monitored and analyzed. The results showed that the diameter of the complex was less than 100 nm. There was no cytotoxicity observed at any of the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentrations tested. In the presence of magnetic field, the liposome-enveloped EGFP-DNA/Fe3O4 complex exhibited a much higher efficiency for transfecting EGFP-DNA into osteoblast cells under external magnetic fields. The gene can be transfected into cells with an aid of magnetic vectors and magnetic force. Under a gradient magnetic field, the efficiency of magnetofection is enhanced as compared to that without magnetic field.
Inhibition of the Activity of Src and Abl Tyrosine Protein Kinases by the Binding of the Wiskott−Aldrich Syndrome Protein (2003)

The Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP, is an effector through which cdc42, a Rho family GTPase, regulates the actin cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells. We have found that WASP binds readily to a number of tyrosine protein kinases including the Src kinases and the Abl kinase when the proteins are coexpressed during transient transfection. Binding inhibited the activity of each of these kinases strikingly, both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, the binding was not due to an interaction between the proline-rich domain of WASP and the SH3 domain of these kinases. Rather, residues 83-93 in WASP were found to bind to the catalytic domains of the kinases. Binding did not decrease the affinity of Src kinases for either ATP or a peptide substrate noticeably. Rather, the V(max) of substrate phosphorylation was reduced by the binding of the peptide. This inhibition represents a novel form of regulation of protein kinase activity and suggests that that the isolation of small molecules that exploit this inhibitory mechanism may be possible.
Growth of 293 Cells in Suspension Culture (1987)

A subline of 293 cells able to grow in suspension culture has been developed by passage of 293 cells through nude mice. This new line, designated 293N3S, grows with a doubling time of approximately 30 h, continues to express adenovirus 5 early region 1 (E1) antigens, and remains permissive for adenovirus 5 host range mutants defective in E1 functions.
Memory system characterization of commercial workloads (1998)

Commercial applications such as databases and Web servers constitute the largest and fastest-growing segment of the market for multiprocessor servers. Ongoing innovations in disk subsystems, along with the ever increasing gap between processor and memory speeds, have elevated memory system design as the critical performance factor for such workloads. However, most current server designs have been optimized to perform well on scientific and engineering workloads, potentially leading to design decisions that are non-ideal for commercial applications. The above problem is exacerbated by the lack of information on the performance requirements of commercial workloads, the lack of available applications for widespread study, and the fact that most representative applications are too large and complex to serve as suitable benchmarks for evaluating trade-offs in the design of processors and servers.This paper presents a detailed performance study of three important classes of commercial workloads: online transaction processing (OLTP), decision support systems (DSS), and Web index search. We use the Oracle commercial database engine for our OLTP and DSS workloads, and the AltaVista search engine for our Web index search workload. This study characterizes the memory system behavior of these workloads through a large number of architectural experiments on Alpha multiprocessors augmented with full system simulations to determine the impact of architectural trends. We also identify a set of simplifications that make these workloads more amenable to monitoring and simulation without affecting representative memory system behavior. We observe that systems optimized for OLTP versus DSS and index search workloads may lead to diverging designs, specifically in the size and speed requirements for off-chip caches.
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deficiency or Inhibition Attenuates Diet-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Liver and Adipose Tissue (2013)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has beneficial effects in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases in murine models. Mice with targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of sEH exhibit improved insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue. Herein, we assessed the role of sEH in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver and adipose tissue. We report that sEH expression was increased in the livers and adipose tissue of mice fed a high fat diet, the adipose tissue of overweight humans, and palmitate-treated cells. Importantly, sEH deficiency or inhibition in mice attenuated chronic high fat diet-induced ER stress in liver and adipose tissue. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes mitigated chemical-induced ER stress and activation of JNK, p38, and cell death. In addition, insulin signaling was enhanced in HepG2 cells treated with sEH substrates and attenuated in cells treated with sEH products. In summary, these findings demonstrate that sEH is a physiological modulator of ER stress and a potential target for mitigating complications associated with obesity.
P‐175L: Late‐News Poster: High Efficiency Light Extraction from Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Mask‐Free Plasma Etched Stochastic Polymer Surface (2015)

High efficiency light extraction method for top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) employing mask‐free plasma etched stochastic polymer surface has been suggested. The increase in light out‐coupling from the TEOLEDs results in efficiency enhancement up to 1.55‐fold relative to that of the conventional devices.