gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[beta]-Glucan Synthesis in the Cotton Fiber (I. Identification of [beta]-1,4- and [beta]-1,3-Glucans Synthesized in Vitro) (1993)

In vitro [beta]-glucan products were synthesized by digitonin-solubilized enzyme preparations from plasma membrane-enriched fractions of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cells. The reaction mixture favoring [beta]-1,4-glucan synthesis included the following effectors: Mg2+, Ca2+, cellobiose, cyclic-3[prime]:5[prime]-GMP, and digitonin. The ethanol insoluble fraction from this reaction contained [beta]-1,4-glucan and [beta]-1,3-glucan in an approximate ratio of 25:69. Approximately 16% of the [beta]-1,4-glucan was resistant to the acetic/nitric acid reagent. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the treated product favoring [beta]-1,4-glucan synthesis strongly resembled that of cellulose II. On the basis of methylation analysis, the acetic/nitric acid reagent-insoluble glucan product was found to be exclusively [beta]-1,4-linked. Enzymic hydrolysis confirmed that the product was hydrolyzed only by cellobiohydrolase I. Autoradiography proved that the product was synthesized in vitro. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the in vitro product was estimated by nitration and size exclusion chromatography; there were two average DPs of 59 (70%) and 396 (30%) for the [beta]-1,3-glucanase-treated sample, and an average DP of 141 for the acetic/nitric acid reagent-insoluble product. On the basis of product analysis, the positive identification of in vitro-synthesized cellulose was established.
Establishment and characterization of two new squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from tumors of the head and neck. (1988)

Two human cell lines were established from untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Line 183 was derived from a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and 1483 from a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone. Both lines grow in a cobblestone pattern demonstrating their epithelial heritage. Immunofluorescence studies and one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that both lines contain cytokeratins. Line 1483 is more aggressive in nude mice, has a higher efficiency for anchorage-independent growth, expresses p21ras (product of the ras oncogene) at a higher level, and is more aneuploid than 183. 1483 also grows as a multicellular tumor spheroid. Line 1483, which was established from the primary tumor of a patient with nodal metastasis, thus displays more progressed characteristics than line 183, which was established from a patient with no clinically positive nodes.
Over 1000 V n-ch LDMOSFET and p-ch LIGBT with JI RESURF structure and multiple floating field plate (2002)

A new 1500 V n-ch LDMOSFET and a new 1200 V p-ch LIGBT using JI/RESURF structures with a new surface electric field relaxation structure, MFFP, and n+/n-buried layer are described. On resistance of the n-ch LDMOSFET is about 700 /spl Omega/ and it has 800 V/100 mA switching capabilities. The p-ch LIGBT has a p-LDD structure. On resistance of this device is 1600 /spl Omega/ and that value may be reduced to one third compared to a p-ch LDMOSFET of same chip size.
Androgen Therapy Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Decreases Leptin Level in Healthy Adult Men With Low Plasma Total Testosterone (2001)

In men, an association between lower plasma total testosterone (PTT) and insulin resistance has been found in cross-sectional studies (1,2) and in one nested case-control study (3) without any possible conclusion in terms of causality or direction of the relationship. Indeed, to obtain such information, randomized controlled trials are needed. Until now, only one clinical trial has suggested that testosterone therapy improves insulin sensitivity in obese men (4). Cross-sectional studies concerning leptin regulation by androgens have provided no definitive conclusions as to whether the negative association between androgens and leptin level is independent (5) or dependent (6). This randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the role of androgens on insulin sensitivity and leptin regulation in healthy adult men.

This study was a randomized, double-blind, unicentric, controlled, clinical trial. Three treatments (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone [DHT], and placebo) were compared in parallel groups during a 3-month period. All of the examinations were performed by only two physicians, using a standardized protocol. Blood was drawn between 8:00 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. after an overnight fast to determine fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, sex hormones, lipids, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, hepatic enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and blood cell count. Then, a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and a digital rectal examination were performed. In addition, between days 10 and 20, all of the subjects were monitored to measure sex hormones in order to adapt the treatment dose. The study protocol was approved by the Henri Mondor Hospital Ethics Committee. All of the included subjects gave written informed consent.

Men with low levels of PTT (confirmed by two measurements) were selected from a large occupation-based population. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1 ) either PTT ≤3.4 ng/ml [5th percentile value of PTT distribution in the 1,718 men of the TELECOM …
Effect of Acute Posttrauma Propranolol on PTSD Outcome and Physiological Responses During Script‐Driven Imagery (2011)

The physiological results provide some limited support for a model of PTSD in which a traumatic conditioned response is reduced by posttrauma propranolol. However, the clinical results from this study do not support the preventive use of propranolol in the acute aftermath of a traumatic event.
Arginine regulation by myeloid derived suppressor cells and tolerance in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives (2008)

Patients with cancer have an impaired T-cell response that can decrease the potential therapeutic benefit of cancer vaccines and other forms of immunotherapy. L-arginine (L-Arg) is a conditionally essential amino acid that is fundamental for the function of T lymphocytes. Recent findings in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients indicate that increased metabolism of L-Arg by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) producing arginase I inhibits T-lymphocyte responses. Here we discuss some of the most recent concepts how MDSC expressing arginase I may regulate T-cell function in cancer and other chronic inflammatory diseases and suggest possible therapeutic interventions to overcome this inhibitory effect.
Surface Proton Donors for the D-Pathway of CytochromecOxidase in the Absence of Subunit III (2006)

The major proton-transfer pathway into the buried active site of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the D-pathway that begins with the subunit I residue Asp-132 on the inner protein surface (the cytoplasmic surface of the aa3-type CcO of Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Asp-132 is surrounded by residues from both subunits I and III. In the absence of subunit III, CcO retains activity, but the functional characteristics of the D-pathway are significantly altered such that the transfer of protons from Asp-132 into the pathway becomes the rate-limiting step. Determination of the pH-dependence of the rate constant for D-pathway proton uptake during the single-turnover of CcO indicates that the pKa of Asp-132 in the absence of subunit III is approximately 7. The removal of subunit III also allows for alternative surface proton donor/acceptors other than Asp-132. With Asp-132 altered to alanine, the rate constant for D-pathway proton uptake is very slow (5 s(-1)) in the presence of subunit III. Once subunit III is removed, the proton uptake rate constant increases 80-fold, to 400 s(-1). The pKa associated with this uptake is >10, and the initial proton donor/acceptor in D132A III (-) is proposed to be a water of the D-pathway rather than an amino acid residue. Arachidonic acid (Aa), which stimulates the activity of several D-pathway mutant CcOs, appears to become the initial proton donor/acceptor in the absence of subunit III, whether or not Asp-132 is altered. Aa shifts the pKa of the initial proton donor to 7.6 for both wild-type (WT) III (-) and D132A III (-). The results indicate that subunit III creates a barrier that helps prevent protons from donors other than Asp-132 from directly accessing the internal waters of the D-pathway, while the subunit also provides an environment that increases the rate at which Asp-132 transfers protons into the D-pathway.
Survival prediction of diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma based on both clinical and gene expression information (2005)

We describe an integrated clinicogenomic modeling approach that combines gene expression profiles and the clinically based International Prognostic Index (IPI) for personalized prediction in disease outcome. Dimension reduction methods are proposed to produce linear combinations of gene expressions, while taking into account clinical IPI information. The extracted summary measures capture all the regression information of the censored survival phenotype given both genomic and clinical data, and are employed as covariates in the subsequent survival model formulation. A case study of diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma data, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, both demonstrate that the proposed integrative modeling improves the prediction accuracy, delivering predictions more accurate than those achieved by using either clinical data or molecular predictors alone.
High-performance TFTs fabricated by XeCl excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous-silicon film (1989)

High-performance staggered a-Si:H and poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by XeCl excimer laser annealing of a-Si:H films are discussed. The field-effect mobility of poly-Si TFT is 102 cm/sup 2//V-s, and that of a-Si:H TFT is 0.23 cm/sup 2//V-s. Their drain current on/off ratios are over 10/sup 6/. Except for the crystallization, the fabrication process was the same for both of them. This process appears extremely promising for the integration of matrix elements and peripheral drivers in a single substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polarization-sensitive swept-source optical coherence tomography with continuous source polarization modulation (2008)

We present fiber-based polarization-sensitive swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) based on continuous source polarization modulation. The light source is a frequency swept laser centered at 1.31 microm with a scanning rate of 20 kHz. The incident polarization is modulated by a resonant electro-optic modulator at 33.3 MHz, which is one-third of the data acquisition frequency. The zeroth- and first-order harmonic components of the OCT signals with respect to the polarization modulation frequency have the polarimetric information of the sample. By algebraic and matrix calculations of the signals, this system can measure the depth-resolved Jones matrices of the sample with a single wavelength scan. The phase fluctuations of the starting trigger of wavelength scan and the polarization modulation are cancelled by monitoring the OCT phase of a calibration mirror inserted into the sample arm. We demonstrate the potential of the system by the measurement of chicken breast muscle and the volumetric measurement of an in vivo human anterior eye segment. The phase retardation image shows an additional contrast in the fibrous tissue such as the collagen fiber in the trabecular meshwork and sclera.
Apolipoprotein E but Not B Is Required for the Formation of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles (2009)

Our previous studies have found that hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles are enriched in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and that apoE is required for HCV infectivity and production. Studies by others, however, suggested that both microsomal transfer protein (MTP) and apoB are important for HCV production. To define the roles of apoB and apoE in the HCV life cycle, we developed a single-cycle HCV growth assay to determine the correlation of HCV assembly with apoB and apoE expression, as well as the influence of MTP inhibitors on the formation of HCV particles. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of apoE expression remarkably suppressed the formation of HCV particles. However, apoE expressed ectopically could restore the defect of HCV production posed by the siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous apoE expression. In contrast, apoB-specific antibodies and siRNAs had no significant effect on HCV infectivity and production, respectively, suggesting that apoB does not play a significant role in the HCV life cycle. Additionally, two MTP inhibitors, CP-346086 and BMS-2101038, efficiently blocked secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins but did not affect HCV production unless apoE expression and secretion were inhibited. At higher concentrations, however, MTP inhibitors blocked apoE expression and secretion and consequently suppressed the formation of HCV particles. Furthermore, apoE was found to be sensitive to trypsin digestion and to interact with NS5A in purified HCV particles and HCV-infected cells, as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that apoE but not apoB is required for HCV assembly, probably via a specific interaction with NS5A.
Interleukin-17 (2003)

Keywords: airways hyperresponsiveness, AHR; delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH; interleukin, IL; ovalbumin, OVA
Phase I study of OM-174, a lipid A analogue, with assessment of immunological response, in patients with refractory solid tumors (2013)

NCT01800812 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier).
Specificity of binding of three soluble rat lung lectins to substituted and unsubstituted mammalian beta-galactosides. (1986)

Binding of a series of mammalian glycoconjugates to three soluble rat lung lectins was determined with a quantitative assay. The three lectins, RL-14.5, RL-18, and RL-29, had a similar apparent affinity for lactose and associated with the same critical determinants, which included positions 4 and 6 of Gal and part of Glc. Derivatization at position 3 of Glc in lactose markedly reduced reactivity with the three lectins. For RL-14.5 and RL-29 the determinant extended specifically to the 3-hydroxyl of Glc which must be equatorial. In contrast, the stereochemical requirements for RL-18 were less specific, and Gal beta 1-3GalNAc bound as well as lactose. For RL-29 activity was markedly enhanced by GalNAc alpha 1-3 substitution on Gal, a modification which had little effect with RL-18 and inhibited binding to RL-14.5. Combinations of these residues in larger oligosaccharides and glycopeptides did not substantially enhance binding above that which might be expected from the sum of the constituent beta-galactoside residues. Although these lectins showed overlapping specificities, their binding properties are sufficiently different to suggest selective interactions with naturally occurring mammalian glycoconjugates.
The role of the chlorine substituents in the antibiotic vancomycin: preparation and characterization of mono- and didechlorovancomycin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe role of the chlorine substituents in the antibiotic vancomycin: preparation and characterization of mono- and didechlorovancomycinConstance M. Harris, Rajamoorthi Kannan, Hana Kopecka, and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 23, 6652–6658Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00309a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00309a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views887Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α on osteolysis and tumor burden in the murine 5TGM1 model of myeloma bone disease (2003)

Recent data have implicated macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in multiple myeloma (MM)-associated osteolysis. However, it is unclear whether the chemokine's effects are direct, to enhance osteolysis, or indirect and mediated through a reduction in tumor burden, or both. It is also unclear whether MIP-1alpha requires other factors such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) for its effects on bone. In murine 5TGM1 (Radl) myeloma-bearing mice, administration of neutralizing anti-MIP-1alpha antibodies reduced tumor load assessed by monoclonal paraprotein titers, prevented splenomegaly, limited development of osteolytic lesions, and concomitantly reduced tumor growth in bone. To determine the effects of MIP-1alpha on bone in vivo, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells secreting human MIP-1alpha (CHO/MIP-1alpha) were inoculated into athymic mice. Mice bearing intramuscular CHO/MIP-1alpha tumors developed lytic lesions at distant skeletal sites, which occurred earlier and were larger than those in mice with CHO/empty vector (EV) tumors. When experimental metastases were induced via intracardiac inoculation, mice bearing CHO/MIP-1alpha tumors developed hypercalcemia and significantly more osteolytic lesions than mice bearing CHO/EV tumors, with intramedullary CHO/MIP-1alpha tumors associated with significantly more tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts. Injection of recombinant MIP-1alpha over calvariae of normal mice evoked a striking increase in osteoclast formation, an effect dependent on RANK/RANKL signaling because MIP-1alpha had no effect in RANK-/- mice. Together, these results establish that MIP-1alpha is sufficient to induce MM-like destructive lesions in bone in vivo. Because, in the 5TGM1 model, blockade of osteoclastic resorption in other situations does not decrease tumor burden, we conclude that MIP-1alpha exerts a dual effect in myeloma, on osteoclasts, and tumor cells.
Modulation of proteinase-K resistant prion protein by prion peptide immunization (2001)

Prion diseases are caused by conformational alterations in the prion protein (PrP). The immune system has been assumed to be non-responsive to the self-prion protein, therefore, PrP autoimmunity has not been investigated. Here, we immunized various strains of mice with PrP peptides, some selected to fit the MHC class II-peptide binding motif. We found that specific PrP peptides elicited strong immune responses in NOD, C57BL/6 and A/J mice. To test the functional effect of this immunization, we examined the expression of proteinase-K-resistant PrP by a scrapie-infected tumor transplanted to immunized syngeneic A/J mice. PrP peptide vaccination did not affect the growth of the infected tumor transplant, but significantly reduced the level of protease-resistant PrP. Our results demonstrate that self-PrP peptides are immunogenic in mice and suggest that this immune response might affect PrP-scrapie levels in certain conditions.
The growth of PM in North America (1995)

The North American powder metallurgy (PM) industry is currently enjoying tremendous growth with iron powder shipments having increased 50% in the past three years. The expansion is a reflection of the innovative and determined spirit that has characterized the industry since its beginnings. Donald G. White, executive director of the Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), reflects on the past 50 years.
Regulation of CB 1 cannabinoid receptor trafficking by the adaptor protein AP‐3 (2008)

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)) is an abundant G protein-coupled receptor, involved in a number of physiological processes. This receptor is localized at the plasma membrane, as well as in intracellular vesicles. The trafficking events leading to this intracellular localization remain controversial. In this study, we examine the differential trafficking of CB(1) receptors and its implication on signaling. We find that the transfected tagged receptors are predominantly at the plasma membrane, whereas endogenous receptors exhibit an intracellular localization. We also find that intracellular endogenous CB(1) receptors do not have an endocytic origin. Instead, these receptors associate with the adaptor protein AP-3 and traffic to the lysosomes. siRNA-mediated AP-3delta knockdown leads to enhanced cell surface localization of CB(1) receptors. Finally, we show that CB(1) receptors in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment are associated with heterotrimeric G proteins and mediate signal transduction. These results suggest that intracellular CB(1) receptors are functional and that their spatial segregation is likely to significantly affect receptor function.
Magnetic susceptibility of oxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins. (1984)

The room temperature magnetic susceptibilities of human and carp oxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin solutions were measured in a 30-gauss (1 G = 10(-4) T) field with a superconducting magnetometer. To within experimental uncertainty, the susceptibility was the same for both the oxy and carbonmonoxy forms, and salt concentration did not effect it. A variety of sample preparations were used; the iron chemical state was verified by Mössbauer spectroscopy. A value of -0.580 +/- 0.010 X 10(-6) centimeter-gram-second (cgs) system was obtained for the mass susceptibility of the protein. We attribute the paramagnetism sometimes observed in oxyhemoglobin solutions to the presence of a small amount of the deoxy form.
Execution monitoring of security-critical programs in distributed systems: a specification-based approach (2002)

We describe a specification-based approach to detect exploitations of vulnerabilities in security-critical programs. The approach utilizes security specifications that describe the intended behavior of programs and scans audit trails for operations that are in violation of the specifications. We developed a formal framework for specifying the security-relevant behavior of programs, on which we based the design and implementation of a real-time intrusion detection system for a distributed system. Also, we wrote security specifications for 15 Unix setuid root programs. Our system detects attacks caused by monitored programs, including security violations caused by improper synchronization in distributed programs. Our approach encompasses attacks that exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities in security-critical programs.
Neodymium-doped silica single-mode fibre lasers (1985)

We report the first CW operation of a neodymium doped silica single-mode fibre laser pumped by a GaAlAs laser diode. A laser threshold of less than 1 mW has been obtained.
BDNF diminishes caspase-2 but not c-Jun immunoreactivity of neurons in retinal ganglion cell layer after transient ischemia. (1999)

Expression of c-Jun and caspase-2 is associated with neuronal cell apoptosis in the GCL. Suppression of caspase-2 expression may explain the neuroprotective effects of BDNF.