gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glioblastomas Induce T-Lymphocyte Death by Two Distinct Pathways Involving Gangliosides and CD70 (2005)

Here we report that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mediates immunosuppression by promoting T-cell death via tumor-associated CD70 and gangliosides that act through receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways, respectively. GBM lines cocultured with T cells induced lymphocyte death. The GBM lines were characterized for their expression of CD70, Fas ligand (FasL), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the possible participation of those molecules in T-cell killing was assessed by doing GBM/T cell cocultures in the presence of anti-CD70 antibodies, Fas fusion proteins, or anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. CD70 but not TNF-alpha or FasL is responsible for initiating T-cell death via the receptor-dependent pathway. Of the four GBM cell lines that induced T-cell death, three highly expressed CD70. Two nonapoptogenic GBM lines (CCF3 and U138), on the other hand, had only minimally detectable CD70 expression. Blocking experiments with the anti-CD70 antibody confirmed that elevated CD70 levels were involved in the apoptogenicity of the three GBM lines expressing that molecule. Gangliosides were found to participate in the induction of T-cell apoptosis, because the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor (PPPP) significantly reduced the abilities of all four apoptogenic lines to kill the lymphocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy revealed that GM2, GM2-like gangliosides, and GD1a were synthesized in abundance by all four apoptogenic GBM lines but not by the two GBMs lacking activity. Furthermore, gangliosides isolated from GBM lines as well as HPLC fractions containing GM2 and GD1a were directly apoptogenic for T cells. Our results indicate that CD70 and gangliosides are both products synthesized by GBMs that may be key mediators of T-cell apoptosis and likely contribute to the T-cell dysfunction observed within the tumor microenvironment.
Knock-in and knock-out. Transgenes, Development and Disease: A Keystone Symposium sponsored by Genentech and Immunex, Tamarron, CO, USA, January 12-18, 1991. (1991)

The meeting clearly reflected the recent rapid and staggering progress in the use of transgenic mice. Being able to manipulate single units of genetic information in their natural position in a cell genome and to examine the results of that manipulation in the background of a terminally differentiated organism has been an outstanding achievement on the road toward a deeper and generalizable understanding of complex life forms. However, there are many examples of genetic diseases in humans (for instance, Lesh-Nyhan syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria) whose genotypic "equivalent" in transgenic mice results in very different phenotypes or no phenotypic changes at all. Mice are clearly not human beings. Why not? No doubt, we will find out!
Antibiotic-free selection in E. coli: new considerations for optimal design and improved production (2010)

We propose a general strategy combining plasmid stabilization and antibiotic-free selection. The proposed host/vector system, completely devoid of antibiotic resistance gene at the end of construction, has the additional advantage of improving recombinant protein expression and/or plasmid recovery.
CD25 + Regulatory T Cells Isolated from HIV-Infected Individuals Suppress The Cytolytic And Nonlytic Antiviral Activity of HIV-specific CD8 + T Cells in Vitro (2007)

HIV infection is characterized by CD4(+) T cell depletion and progressive immune dysfunction; particularly impacted are HIV-specific T cell responses. An important component of immune-mediated control of HIV replication, killing of infected cells, appears to be impaired, in part due to poor cytolytic activity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). In vitro, several functions of HIV-specific T cells, such as cytokine production, can be enhanced by the depletion of the immunosuppressive CD25(+) FoxP3(+) CD4(+) regulatory (Treg) cell subset. However, the effect of CD25(+) Treg cells on virus-specific cytolytic activity in the context of HIV or any human viral infection has not been investigated. The present study demonstrates that CD25(+) Treg cells isolated from the peripheral blood of HIV-infected subjects significantly suppress HIV Gag-specific cytolytic activity in vitro. In addition, CD25(+) Treg cells suppress effector function (coexpression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells that proliferate in response to HIV antigen. Finally, the secretion of HIV-inhibitory CC-chemokines by HIV-specific and nonspecific CD8(+) T cells is significantly reduced in the presence of CD25(+) Treg cells. These data suggest that CD25(+) Treg-mediated suppression of the antiviral activity of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells could impact the ability of HIV-infected individuals to control HIV replication in vivo.
Clinical Efficacy of the 5‐HT3 Antagonist Ondansetron in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence (1994)

Medications that act on the serotonergic system have been found to be of benefit in the treatment of alcohol-dependent individuals. In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of 6 weeks of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist (0.25 mg bid or 2.0 mg bid), in the treatment of 71 nonseverely alcohol-dependent males was tested. The results showed reduction of drinking differences were steadily increasing toward the end of the treatment period approached significance at week 7 in the 0.25 mg group (p = 0.06). Twice as many patients in this group showed > or = 2 standard deviations decrease in drinking compared with the other groups. When patients drinking > 10 drinks/drinking day at baseline (n = 11) were excluded from the analysis, significant group differences were found at both treatment and follow-up, with the lower ondansetron dose producing the greatest reduction from baseline (i.e., 2.8 standard drinks; -35% compared with baseline and -21% compared with placebo; p < 0.02-0.001). Within this group, there was an almost 4-fold greater number of patients showing a clinically meaningful decrease in drinking. Lower baseline drinking and higher level of education were significant and strong predictors of drinking reduction during treatment. Ondansetron was very well tolerated; hence, further long-term studies with 5-HT3 antagonists alone or in combination with other treatment components may offer promise for treatment of alcoholism.
Gold Nanocages for Biomedical Applications (2007)

Nanostructured materials provide a promising platform for early cancer detection and treatment. Here we highlight recent advances in the synthesis and use of Au nanocages for such biomedical applications. Gold nanocages represent a novel class of nanostructures, which can be prepared via a remarkably simple route based on the galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nanocubes and HAuCl(4). The Au nanocages have a tunable surface plasmon resonance peak that extends into the near-infrared, where the optical attenuation caused by blood and soft tissue is essentially negligible. They are also biocompatible and present a well-established surface for easy functionalization. We have tailored the scattering and absorption cross-sections of Au nanocages for use in optical coherence tomography and photothermal treatment, respectively. Our preliminary studies show greatly improved spectroscopic image contrast for tissue phantoms containing Au nanocages. Our most recent results also demonstrate the photothermal destruction of breast cancer cells in vitro by using immuno-targeted Au nanocages as an effective photo-thermal transducer. These experiments suggest that Au nanocages may be a new class of nanometer-sized agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Eagle's syndrome. Review of the literature and a case report. (1990)

Eagle's syndrome has received scant attention in both medical and dental literature. The symptoms related to this condition can be confused with those attributed to a wide variety of facial neuralgias. The present case refers to a 46-year-old white woman with the symptomatology of Eagle's syndrome, especially the carotid artery type.
IpaB mediates macrophage apoptosis induced by Shigella flexneri (1994)

Shigella flexneri kills macrophages through apoptosis, involving the induction of host cell DNA fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes. Shigella can only cause damage if it escapes from the phagolysosome into the cytoplasm. The S. flexneri cytotoxic genes have been localized to the ipa operon of shigella's virulence plasmid. ipaB, C and D deletion mutants are not invasive and therefore not cytotoxic. In order to distinguish genes involved in the escape from the phagolysosome as distinct from cytotoxicity, we constructed Shigella strains that secrete low amounts of Escherichia coli haemolysin (hly(low)). These strains can escape into the cytoplasm of the macrophage even in the absence of the invasion plasmid as verified by electron microscopy and resistance to chloroquine. Macrophages were infected with different ipa mutants expressing hly(low). Both delta ipaC hly(low) and delta ipaD hly(low) were cytotoxic whilst delta ipaB hly(low) and a hly(low) strain cured of shigella's pathogenicity plasmid were not. Furthermore, both delta ipaC hly(low) and delta ipaD hly(low) killed through apoptosis as shown by both changes in ultrastructural morphology and fragmentation of the host cell DNA. These results demonstrate that ipaB is essential for S. flexneri to induce apoptosis in macrophages.
Comparative evaluation of survivin, midkine, and CXCR4 promoters for transcriptional targeting of glioma gene therapy (2007)

Our data demonstrate that the survivin promoter element is very active in glioma samples and has low activity in normal human brain and liver. A novel oncolytic virus, CRAd-survivin-5/3, was effective against a panel of glioma cell lines in vitro. Our results suggest that employing the survivin promoter element in the context of CRAd-5/3 may present a new opportunity for the development of glioma specific oncolytic vectors.
Facile design of Au@Pt core-shell nanostructures: Formation of Pt submonolayers with tunable coverage and their applications in electrocatalysis (2014)

A facile design of Pt nanostructures from submonolayer to monolayer has been realized by ion adsorption-in situ electrochemical reduction on Au nanoparticles supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The as prepared Au@Pt/CNTs catalysts display coverage-specific electrocatalysis. Au@Pt/CNTs with low Pt coverage is inactive towards methanol oxidation whereas it oxidizes formic acid effectively through a direct pathway with mass specific activity 90 times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Due to its inertness to methanol, it shows high performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high methanol tolerance. In contrast, simply increasing the Pt coverage to above 40% switches the formic acid oxidation process to both direct and indirect catalytic pathways, and also results in high methanol oxidation activity.
A 56.4-to-63.4 GHz Multi-Rate All-Digital Fractional-N PLL for FMCW Radar Applications in 65 nm CMOS (2014)

A mm-wave digital transmitter based on a 60 GHz all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) with wideband frequency modulation (FM) for FMCW radar applications is proposed. The fractional-N ADPLL employs a high-resolution 60 GHz digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) and is capable of multi-rate two-point FM. It achieves a measured rms jitter of 590.2 fs, while the loop settles within 3 μs. The measured reference spur is only -74 dBc, the fractional spurs are below -62 dBc, with no other significant spurs. A closed-loop DCO gain linearization scheme realizes a GHz-level triangular chirp across multiple DCO tuning banks with a measured frequency error (i.e., nonlinearity) in the FMCW ramp of only 117 kHz rms for a 62 GHz carrier with 1.22 GHz bandwidth. The synthesizer is transformer-coupled to a 3-stage neutralized power amplifier (PA) that delivers +5 dBm to a 50 Ω load. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the transmitter prototype (including PA) consumes 89 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
AmlamaxTMin the management of dyslipidemia in humans (2008)

Hypercholesterolemia is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases leading to myocardial infarctions leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. During the past decade a group of molecules referred to as statins such as simvastatin, atrovastatin have been tried with great success in reducing total cholesterol. These molecules act by inhibiting the HMG CoA reductase enzyme thereby interfering with the synthesis of cholesterol. But statins reduce all the cholesterol including HDL cholesterol. Long term drug vigilance activity has revealed serious side effects of tendinopathy and related musculoskeletal disorders in some of the subjects. In an effort to manage hypercholesterolemia without serious side effects in a natural way we had tried the use of Amlamax a reconstituted, purified, standardized dried extract of amla (Emblica officinalis) containing 30% ellagitannins with other hydrolysable tannins on humans. We report the hitherto unobserved significant elevation of HDL cholesterol by the administration of Amlamax.
Mutations in the CNGB3 gene encoding the beta-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel are responsible for achromatopsia (ACHM3) linked to chromosome 8q21 (2000)

Achromatopsia is an autosomal recessive disorder featuring total colour blindness, photophobia, reduced visual acuity and nystagmus. While mutations in the CNGA3 gene on chromosome 2q11 are responsible for achromatopsia in a subset of patients, previous linkage studies have localized another achromatopsia locus, ACHM3, on chromosome 8q21. Using achromatopsia families in which CNGA3 mutations have been excluded, we refined the ACHM3 locus to a 3.7 cM region enclosed by markers D8S1838 and D8S273. Two yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contigs covering nearly the entire ACHM3 interval were constructed. Database searches with YAC content sequences identified two overlapping high throughput genomic sequencing phase (HTGS) entries which contained sequences homologous to the murine cng6 gene encoding the putative beta-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel. Using RT-PCR and RACE, we identified and cloned the human cDNA homologue, designated CNGB3, which encodes an 809 amino acid polypeptide. Northern blot analysis revealed a major transcript of approximately 4.4 kb specifically expressed in the retina. The human CNGB3 gene consists of 18 exons distributed over approximately 200 kb of genomic sequence. Analysis of the CNGB3 gene in achromats revealed six different mutations including a missense mutation (S435F), two stop codon mutations (R203X and E336X), a 1 bp and an 8 bp deletion (1148delC and 819-826del) and a putative splice site mutation of intron 13. The 1148delC mutation was identified recurrently in several families, and in total was present on 11 of 22 disease chromosomes segregating in our families.
An IP2 Improvement Technique for Zero-IF Down-Converters (2006)

An IP2 calibration circuit to improve the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order nonlinearity of mixers in zero or low-IF receivers is presented. The circuit allows the mixers to be optimized independently, and has negligible impact on receiver noise figure, area, and power consumption. A prototype transceiver including the calibration circuitry in 0.13μm CMOS is fabricated. An average IIP2 improvement of 18dB is measured
The thermodynamic response of polymers and biological tissues to pulsed laser irradiation (1994)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1994.
FGF21: a novel prospect for the treatment of metabolic diseases. (2009)

The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases is alarming and highlights the need for more effective and safer therapies to treat these diseases. Recent evidence from several animal studies indicates that FGF21 induces numerous beneficial metabolic changes without apparent adverse effects. These results suggest that FGF21 could be a novel and attractive drug candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. The pharmacology of FGF21, molecular mechanisms contributing to the actions of this compound, and knowledge gaps to be addressed to allow further exploration of the therapeutic potential of this molecule are discussed in this review.
Use of multimode interference couplers to broaden the passband of wavelength-dispersive integrated WDM filters (1996)

We describe how multimode interference couplers (MMI) may be used to broaden and flatten the passband of integrated wavelength-dispersive filters. We discuss the approach and demonstrate its effectiveness with a passband-broadened InP arrayed waveguide filter operating at 1.5 μm.
Liquid and Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries Composed of Room-Temperature Molten Salt Doped by Lithium Salt (2003)

The lithium ion binary room-temperature molten salt (i.e., ionic liquid), was prepared by mixing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with The ionic conductivity of was 7.4 mS cm−1 at 20°C and lower than that of A solidified named was prepared by in situ polymerization of poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate with The ionic conductivity of the homogeneous transparent membrane obtained was smaller than that of The thermal decomposition temperatures of these "ionic media" measured by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis showed that and have high thermal stability around 300°C. The cathodic limit of was ca. 1.1 V vs. measured by linear sweep voltammetry. To test the possibility of use of these ionic media for lithium-ion batteries, demonstration cells of or were assembled. The capacity retention after 50 cycles was 93.8% of the initial capacity in the cell. Discharge potential profile of the cell showed decline probably due to the concentration polarization in the gelled electrolyte. Liquid and gelled electrolytes composed of "lithium ion coexisting room-temperature molten salt" are shown to function as nonflammable electrolytes in the lithium-ion batteries. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A 2.5 V delay-locked loop for an 18 Mb 500 MB/s DRAM (2002)

This paper describes a pair of delay-locked loops (one DLL for transmitting data, one for receiving) that satisfy the requirement for accurate timing (sub-100ps static phase error), even in the noisy environment (substrate and V/sub DD/) of DRAMs, to allow data transfer rates exceeding 500Mb/s/pin at 2.5V. While the application of delay-locked loops to the problem of host-slave synchronization is not new, the loop described in this paper solves several problems of conventional PLLs and DLLs, providing unlimited phase shift (modulo 2/spl pi/) without a VCO, enabling lock in under 200ns and good jitter performance at low supply voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemically modified polymer electrodes: synthetic approach employing poly(methacryl chloride) anchors (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemically modified polymer electrodes: synthetic approach employing poly(methacryl chloride) anchorsKingo. Itaya and Allen J. BardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 11, 1487–1489Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50033a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50033a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereochemical control of yeast reductions. 5. Characterization of the oxidoreductases involved in the reduction of .beta.-keto esters (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical control of yeast reductions. 5. Characterization of the oxidoreductases involved in the reduction of .beta.-keto estersWoanru Shieh, Aravamudan S. Gopalan, and Charles J. SihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 10, 2993–2994Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00296a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00296a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
T4 RNA ligase mediated preparation of novel "chemically misacylated" tRNAPhes (1984)

T4 RNA ligase was employed for the condensation of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe missing cytidine-75 and adenosine-76 (tRNAPhe-COH; the acceptor "oligomer") with each of several chemically acylated derivatives of pCpA (the donor "oligomer"). The resulting "chemically misacylated " tRNAPheS were obtained in 20-65% yields following chromatographic workup on DEAE-cellulose and benzoylated DEAE-cellulose. Characterization of the chemically misacylated tRNAs was accomplished by (i) enzymatic reaminoacylation of chemically misacylated tRNAPhe with phenylalanine by E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase following chemical deacylation of the "incorrect" amino acid, (ii) comparison of the hydrolytic effects of Cu2+ solutions on chemically and enzymatically prepared samples of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl- tRNAPheS , and (iii) measurement of the chromatographic behavior of the tRNA species derived from chemical misacylation .
An accurate method for voxelizing polygon meshes (1998)

me process of generating discrete surfaces in a volumetric representation, termed voxe~zation, is cotionted with topologid considerations as we~as accuracy and efficiency requirements. We introduce a new method for voxehg planar objects which, -e existing methods, provides topolo~cd conformity through geometric measures. We extend our approach to provide, for the fimt time, m amurate and coherent method for voxe~g polygon meshes. ~s method efimin~common voxe=on ficts at ~ges and verdm. We prove the metb~s topological attributes and report performance of our implementation FiiWy, we demonstrate that this approach forms a basis for a new set of voxetition Ngonthms by voxefizing an example cubic objec1 .