gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human-human hybridomas generated with lymphocytes from patients with colorectal cancer. (1987)

Human-human hybridoma technology was used to produce human monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to colorectal cancer antigens. Two different B-lymphoma cell lines were fused with lymphocytes obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes from colorectal cancer patients. The fusion frequency was 11% with LICR-LON-HMy-2. Out of 294 growing hybridomas 26 secreted antibodies reacting with epitopes on cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells. Only one (D4213) was established and has now been in culture for 1.5 years. D4213 antibody shows a strong reaction with colon cancer tissue compared with normal colon epithelium. Using W1-L2-729-HF2 the fusion frequency was about 50%. Of 2,487 hybridomas 499 produced immunoglobulin and 44 of these reacted with colon cancer tissues or cultured cancer cells. One of the established hybridomas produces antibody reacting with cancer cell membrane antigens, and on immunoblotting a number of components were stained. The antibody from the other hybridomas reacts with cytoplasmatic antigens, and only one of these showed reactivity in immunoblotting where it bound to a component with Mr of about 60K.
Inhibition of Elevated Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Improves Contractility in Human Failing Myocardium (2010)

The present study shows for the first time that CaMKII inhibition acutely improves contractility in human HF where CaMKIIδ expression is increased. The mechanism proposed consists of a reduced SR Ca(2+) leak and consequently increased SR Ca(2+) load. Thus, CaMKII inhibition appears to be a possible therapeutic option for patients with HF and merits further investigation.
CXCR3 Requires Tyrosine Sulfation for Ligand Binding and a Second Extracellular Loop Arginine Residue for Ligand-Induced Chemotaxis (2006)

CXCR3 is a G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain chemokine receptor that plays an important role in effector T-cell and NK cell trafficking. Three gamma interferon-inducible chemokines activate CXCR3: CXCL9 (Mig), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC). Here, we identify extracellular domains of CXCR3 that are required for ligand binding and activation. We found that CXCR3 is sulfated on its N terminus and that sulfation is required for binding and activation by all three ligands. We also found that the proximal 16 amino acid residues of the N terminus are required for CXCL10 and CXCL11 binding and activation but not CXCL9 activation. In addition, we found that residue R216 in the second extracellular loop is required for CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis and calcium mobilization but is not required for ligand binding or ligand-induced CXCR3 internalization. Finally, charged residues in the extracellular loops contribute to the receptor-ligand interaction. These findings demonstrate that chemokine activation of CXCR3 involves both high-affinity ligand-binding interactions with negatively charged residues in the extracellular domains of CXCR3 and a lower-affinity receptor-activating interaction in the second extracellular loop. This lower-affinity interaction is necessary to induce chemotaxis but not ligand-induced CXCR3 internalization, further suggesting that different domains of CXCR3 mediate distinct functions.
Identification of the MN/CA9 protein as a reliable diagnostic biomarker of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. (1997)

The MN/CA9 protein is a tumor-associated antigen that has been shown to have diagnostic utility in identifying cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. MN/CA9 expression is limited to very few normal tissues. We have now extended those observations to further investigate expression of the MN/CA9 protein in histological sections and fine-needle aspiration biopsy smears of normal kidney, benign renal cell lesions, all categories of renal cell carcinomas (clear/granular/spindle cell, chromophilic cell, chromophobic cell, and collecting duct cell RCCs), metastatic RCCs, and non-renal cell clear cell adenocarcinomas. We have found that high levels of MN/CA9 expression is seen in all primary RCCs, cystic RCCs, and metastatic RCCs, with the exception of two cases of the chromophobe cell type, which were MN/CA9 negative. Identical MN/CA9 immunostaining was also observed in the aspiration cytological smears. In contrast, all benign lesions, including pyelonephritis, renal cysts, adenomas, oncocytomas, and normal kidney, did not express the MN/CA9 protein. Thus, we conclude that MN/CA9 protein expression could serve as a valuable adjunct to the cytological and histological diagnosis of benign renal cysts versus cystic RCC, adenoma versus RCC, and oncocytoma versus granular cell RCC. Diffuse membraneous staining of all RCCs (with the exception of chromophobic cell RCC) suggests that MN/CA9 protein expression might have an important clinical utility in the early detection and treatment of RCC. Absence of MN/CA9 expression in non-renal cell clear cell adenocarcinoma also indicates that MN/CA9 protein expression may be used as a differential diagnostic biomarker of metastatic clear cell RCC.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Alginates as Mucolytic Agents (2019)

The excessive production of thick, viscous mucus in severe respiratory diseases leads to obstruction of the airways and provides a suitable environment for the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. The effect of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing alginates with varying NO release kinetics on the viscoelastic properties of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) mucus was evaluated as a function of the NO-release kinetics using parallel plate rheology. Low molecular weight (~5 kDa) alginates with high NO flux (~4000 ppb/mg) and sustained release (half-life ~0.3 h) proved to be most effective in reducing both mucus elasticity and viscosity (≥60% reduction for both). The efficacy of the NO-releasing alginates was shown to be dose-dependent, with high concentrations of NO-releasing alginates (~80 mg•mL<sup>-1</sup>) resulting in greater reduction of the viscosity and elasticity of the mucus samples. Greater reduction in mucus rheology was also achieved with NO-releasing alginates at lower concentrations when compared to both NO-releasing chitosan, a similarly biocompatible cationic polymer, and <i>N-</i>acetyl cysteine (NAC), a conventional mucolytic agent.
Optimised Fabry-Perot (AlGa)As quantum-well lasers tunable over 105 nm (1989)

Uncoated, Fabry-Perot (AlGa)As semiconductor lasers are tuned over 105 nm in a grating-coupled external cavity. Broadband tunability is achieved by optimising the resonator loss so as to invoke lasing from both the first and second quantised states of the single quantum well active region.
Implantable polymeric microneedles with phototriggerable properties as a patient-controlled transdermal analgesia system (2016)

Adequate pain control can be achieved using a patient-controlled drug delivery system that can provide analgesia to patients as needed. To achieve this objective, we developed a phototriggered microneedle (MN) system that enables the on-demand delivery of pain medications to the skin under external near-infrared (NIR) light stimulation. In this system, polymeric MNs, containing NIR absorbers and analgesics, are combined with a poly(l-lactide-co-d,l-lactide) supporting array. A "removable design" of the supporting array enables the quick implantation of the MNs into the skin to act as a drug depot, thus shortening the patch application time. Upon irradiation with NIR light, the NIR absorbers in the implanted MNs can absorb light energy and induce a phase transition in the MNs to activate drug release. We demonstrated that lidocaine release can be modulated or repeatedly triggered by varying the duration of irradiation and controlling the on and off status of the laser. Lidocaine delivered by the implanted MNs can be rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation within 10 min and has a bioavailability of at least 95% relative to the subcutaneous injection, showing that the proposed system has the potential to provide a rapid onset of pain relief. Such an implantable device may allow pain sufferers receiving the painkiller without the need for multiple needle injections, and may enable controlling pain more conveniently and comfortably.
Isolation and characterization of recombinant antigens from Leishmania aethiopica that react with human antibodies (1992)

A genomic expression library of Leishmania aethiopica was constructed in lambda gt11 and screened with patient sera and sera from healthy people living in an area of endemicity. Forty-five recombinant clones were isolated and partly characterized. Clone-specific antibodies were prepared and used with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis to estimate the molecular masses of the parasite-derived antigens containing the reactive epitope(s). Antigens with apparent molecular masses of 90, 85, 63, 50, 41, 25 and 24 kDa as well as several antigens with lower molecular masses were detected. The clone-specific antibodies from patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis reacted with high-molecular-weight antigens (30,000 less than Mr less than 90,000), whereas antibodies from patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis recognized low-molecular-weight antigens (Mr less than 25,000). Nine different purified recombinant antigens were obtained from lysogens in Escherichia coli Y1089 by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-beta-galactosidase columns and were subsequently tested with patient sera. It is suggested that some of these recombinant antigens might be used for immunodiagnostic purposes.
Quality-of-service routing for supporting multimedia applications (1996)

Several new architectures have been developed for supporting multimedia applications such as digital video and audio. However, quality-of-service (QoS) routing is an important element that is still missing from these architectures. In this paper, we consider a number of issues in QoS routing. We first examine the basic problem of QoS routing, namely, finding a path that satisfies multiple constraints, and its implications on routing metric selection, and then present three path computation algorithms for source routing and for hop-by-hop routing.
Fully Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection from Whole Blood (2016)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a promising method to detect small amount of proteins in biological samples. The devices providing a platform for reduced sample volume and assay time as well as full automation are required for potential use in point-of-care-diagnostics. Recently, we have demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of serum proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), utilizing a lab-on-a-disc composed of TiO2 nanofibrous (NF) mats. It showed a large dynamic range with femto molar (fM) detection sensitivity, from a small volume of whole blood in 30 min. The device consists of several components for blood separation, metering, mixing, and washing that are automated for improved sensitivity from low sample volumes. Here, in the video demonstration, we show the experimental protocols and know-how for the fabrication of NFs as well as the disc, their integration and the operation in the following order: processes for preparing TiO2 NF mat; transfer-printing of TiO2 NF mat onto the disc; surface modification for immune-reactions, disc assembly and operation; on-disc detection and representative results for immunoassay. Use of this device enables multiplexed analysis with minimal consumption of samples and reagents. Given the advantages, the device should find use in a wide variety of applications, and prove beneficial in facilitating the analysis of low abundant proteins.
Fractional Differential Equations (2010)

1 School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Qeensland 4001, Australia 2 Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, A416 Wells Hall, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA 3 Department of Mathematics, Mu’tah University, P.O. Box 7, Mu’tah 61710, Jordan 4 School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF2 4YH, UK 5 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Xikang Road Number 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
Photorearrangement of Propargyl Bromide as a Probe to Study Propargylic and Allenic Radicals by Infrared Matrix Isolation Technique (1998)

Abstract The photolysis of propargyl bromide in Ar matrix to form allenyl bromide proceeded with a radical mechanism. The deuterium label study and radical scavenger were used to investigate the mechanism. Neither propargyl nor allenyl radical was trapped in Ar matrix at 8 K. The rates of propargyl and allenyl radicals coupled with bromo radical are significantly fast. The stability of propargyl and allenyl radicals is discussed.
Sequence homology between human .alpha.1-antichymotrypsin, .alpha.1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin III (1983)

alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin mRNA was isolated by specific polysome immunoprecipitation from turpentine-treated baboon liver. The highly enriched mRNA was used for synthesis and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. Baboon alpha 1-antichymotrypsin cDNA clones were identified by hybrid-selected translation, and the insert DNA fragment from one of the putative clones was used as a probe to screen a human liver cDNA library comprised of 40 000 independent transformants. One of the human cDNA clones was unambiguously identified to contain alpha 1-antichymotrypsin DNA sequences by comparison of its 5'-terminal nucleotide sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. This cDNA clone, designated phACT235, contains 1524 base pairs of human DNA, which was sequenced in its entirety. The inserted DNA codes for a 25 amino acid signal peptide sequence and the entire mature alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of 408 amino acid residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin with that of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin has revealed a homology level similar to that between chymotrypsin and trypsin.
The 67 kDa laminin receptor: structure, function and role in disease (2008)

The 67LR (67 kDa laminin receptor) is a cell-surface receptor with high affinity for its primary ligand. Its role as a laminin receptor makes it an important molecule both in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in signalling transduction following this binding event. The protein also plays critical roles in the metastasis of tumour cells. Isolation of the protein from either normal or cancerous cells results in a product with an approx. molecular mass of 67 kDa. This protein is believed to be derived from a smaller precursor, the 37LRP (37 kDa laminin receptor precursor). However, the precise mechanism by which cytoplasmic 37LRP becomes cell-membrane-embedded 67LR is unclear. The process may involve post-translational fatty acylation of the protein combined with either homo- or hetero-dimerization, possibly with a galectin-3-epitope-containing partner. Furthermore, it has become clear that acting as a receptor for laminin is not the only function of this protein. 67LR also acts as a receptor for viruses, such as Sindbis virus and dengue virus, and is involved with internalization of the prion protein. Interestingly, unmodified 37LRP is a ribosomal component and homologues of this protein are found in all five kingdoms. In addition, it appears to be strongly associated with histones in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, although the precise role of these interactions is not clear. Here we review the current understanding of the structure and function of this molecule, as well as highlighting areas requiring further research.
Hematin Therapy for Acute Porphyria (1979)

1. A therapeutic trial of intravenous hematin is presented. Eleven cases of AIP and one of VP who did not improve with conventional treatment (high carbohydrate intake) received this new agent. 2. Urinary ALA, PBG and, when possible, uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin were used to monitor the chemical response to the treatment. Objective clinical parameters of hypertension and tachycardia were followed when present in addition to subjective estimates of acute porphyric symptomatology (abdominal pain, backache, extremity pain and paresthesias, weakness, depression, etc.). 3. At a dosage of approximately 3 mg/kg, diminution of urinary ALA and PBG excretion was achieved in every patients. Hypertension and tachycardia improved in those instances where they were observed in association with the attack. Also, subjective improvements in the clinical status of the patients were observed frequently. 4. Hematin appears to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute attack forms of porphyria.
Blood Rheology and Hemodynamics (2003)

Blood is a two-phase suspension of formed elements (i.e., red blood cells [RBCs], white blood cells [WBCs], platelets) suspended in an aqueous solution of organic molecules, proteins, and salts called plasma. The apparent viscosity of blood depends on the existing shear forces (i.e., blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid) and is determined by hematocrit, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation, and the mechanical properties of RBCs. RBCs are highly deformable, and this physical property significantly contributes to aiding blood flow both under bulk flow conditions and in the microcirculation. The tendency of RBCs to undergo reversible aggregation is an important determinant of apparent viscosity because the size of RBC aggregates is inversely proportional to the magnitude of shear forces; the aggregates are dispersed with increasing shear forces, then reform under low-flow or static conditions. RBC aggregation also affects the in vivo fluidity of blood, especially in the low-shear regions of the circulatory system. Blood rheology has been reported to be altered in various physiopathological processes: (1) Alterations of hematocrit significantly contribute to hemorheological variations in diseases and in certain extreme physiological conditions; (2) RBC deformability is sensitive to local and general homeostasis, with RBC deformability affected by alterations of the properties and associations of membrane skeletal proteins, the ratio of RBC membrane surface area to cell volume, cell morphology, and cytoplasmic viscosity. Such alterations may result from genetic disorders or may be induced by such factors as abnormal local tissue metabolism, oxidant stress, and activated leukocytes; and (3) RBC aggregation is mainly determined by plasma protein composition and surface properties of RBCs, with increased plasma concentrations of acute phase reactants in inflammatory disorders a common cause of increased RBC aggregation. In addition, RBC aggregation tendency can be modified by alterations of RBC surface properties because of RBC in vivo aging, oxygen-free radicals, or proteolytic enzymes. Impairment of blood fluidity may significantly affect tissue perfusion and result in functional deteriorations, especially if disease processes also disturb vascular properties.
Surfactant‐Assisted Orientation of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films (2008)

The addition of surfactants, which preferentially interact with the PMMA block domains, modifies the surface energy of the system by making the surface energy difference between the two blocks almost equal, resulting in the perpendicular orientation of microphase separated domains in the film. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200800670_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transforming growth factor beta mRNA increases during liver regeneration: a possible paracrine mechanism of growth regulation. (1988)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a growth factor with multiple biological properties including stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation. To determine whether TGF-beta is involved in hepatocyte growth responses in vivo, we measured the levels of TGF-beta mRNA in normal liver and during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. TGF-beta mRNA increases in the regenerating liver and reaches a peak (about 8 times higher than basal levels) after the major wave of hepatocyte cell division and mitosis have taken place and after the peak expression of the ras protooncogenes. Although hepatocytes from normal and regenerating liver respond to TGF-beta, they do not synthesize TGF-beta mRNA. Instead, the message is present in liver nonparenchymal cells and is particularly abundant in cell fractions enriched for endothelial cells. TGF-beta inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in vitro in hepatocytes from normal or regenerating liver, although the dose-response curves vary according to the culture medium used. We conclude that TGF-beta may function as the effector of an inhibitory paracrine loop that is activated during liver regeneration, perhaps to prevent uncontrolled hepatocyte proliferation.
Liposomal Irinotecan (2004)

These results illustrate that liposomal encapsulation can substantially enhance the therapeutic activity of irinotecan and emphasize the potential for using liposomal irinotecan to treat liver metastases.
Anti-inflammatory effect of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones prevents bone resorption rather than cartilage changes in experimental polyarthritis (2008)

These data emphasize that higher dosages of thiazolidinediones are required for the treatment of arthritis than for restoring insulin sensitivity but that thiazolidinediones prevent inflammatory bone loss despite exposing animals to increased fatness possibly resulting from excessive activation of PPAR-gamma.
Involvement of B lymphocytes in the growth inhibition of human pulmonary melanoma metastases in athymic nu/nu mice by an antibody-lymphotoxin fusion protein. (1996)

Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins can target biologically active cytokines to various tumor sites, achieving local concentrations sufficient to induce host immune responses leading to tumor elimination. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of a tumor-specific antibody-lymphotoxin fusion protein (ch225-LT) on xenografted pulmonary metastases of human melanoma. In vitro studies indicated a direct cytotoxic effect of such construacts on melanoma cells via the induction of apoptosis, as demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and DNA fragmentation. However, ch225-LT lacked any therapeutic effect in immune deficient C.B17 scid/beige and scid/scid mice, indicating the insufficiency of this direct mechanism in vivo. In contrast, in athymic nu/nu mice, ch225-LT completely inhibited outgrowth of the xenografted tumor. This therapeutic effect was accompanied by infiltrations of CD45+, Mac-1+, and asialo-GM1+ cells into the tumor; B220+ cells were present in the surrounding tissue and the periphery of the tumor. The functional role of asialo-GM2+ cells was confirmed by in vivo depletion studies. Our data indicate that an antibody-lymphotoxin fusion protein effectively inhibits the growth of disseminated melanoma metastases by mechanisms that function in the absence of mature T cells, but require B, NK, and other asialo-GM1+ cells.