gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of integrating sphere signal output for non-Lambertian samples (1988)

A new formalism is derived for the analysis of signal output from double-beam integrating spheres. The analysis explicitly considers the effects of port losses and a non-Lambertian sample surface and introduces a separation of the diffusely reflected light into two parts: one which should be analyzed as a specular component and one which is fully diffuse. An experimental procedure to determine the two parameters in the formalism is described for two cases, a brushed copper and a rolled aluminum surface, and it is experimentally verified that the formalism eliminates spurious structure from the barium sulfate reference. A criterion is also given for the selection of barium sulfate or polytetrafluorethylene powder as a reference material.
Assessment for Probability of Ship Capsizing due to Pure Loss of Stability in Quartering Seas (1991)

This study presents a theoretical method for calculating probabilities of capsizing due to pure loss of stability for a ship running in short crested waves and fluctuating wind. The aim was to develop stability criteria of a ship in quartering seas making use of the risk analysis. We divide the ship motions into the stationary motions and the unstationary motions. Then we integrate the probability density function, which is given by the stationary random process theory, on the safe domain that is determined by separatorices of the unstationary dynamical system. The reduction of restoring moment when a wave crest moves into the center of gravity of the ship is fully considered by Grim's effective wave concept.Numerical examples for a coastal trawler indicate that the probability of capsizing in quartering seas is larger than that in following or beam seas when the wind velocity is 10 m/sec. However, they also indicate that the probability of capsizing in beam seas is larger than that in following or quartering seas when the wind velocity is 20 m/sec.Furthermore, we concluded that the present method is effective for developing stability criteria, because the capsizing probabilities predicted by the present method are slightly larger than those given by the Monte Carlo simulation in time domain.
The Effect of Constant Temperatures and Osmotic Potentials on the Germination of Sugar Beet (1986)

The germination-time curves for a series of experiments at constant temperatures and osmotic potentials were analysed to produce a relationship between germination, time, temperature and osmotic potential. The analysis involved the concept of hydrothermal time which is a combination of potential above a base potential, temperature above a base temperature and time. For most of the population of sugar-beet seeds examined, the hydrothermal time required for germination was constant. The base temperatures of the seeds were similar but the base potentials varied between seeds. Analysis of the times to germination of fractions of the seed population, grouped according to the order in which they germinated, showed that the base potentials were almost normally distributed An equation using this distribution can be used to predict the time course of germination over a wide range of temperatures and potentials. The equation uses five parameters to describe a seed population: the proportion of live seeds, the hydrothermal time required for germination, the base temperature and the mean and standard deviation of base potential.
Steady-state ion pumping of a potential dip near an electron collecting anode (1986)

A negative potential well is found in front of a positively biased electron collecting plate in a low temperature laboratory plasma. The well parameters are governed by the Child–Langmuir condition and a necessary condition for the existence of such potential wells is the presence of an ion pumping mechanism which removes trapped ions from the wells. Here ion pumping was provided by the presence of negative electrically floating ceramic on the back of the plate.
Clonally expanded novel multipotent stem cells from human bone marrow regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction (2005)

We have identified a subpopulation of stem cells within adult human BM, isolated at the single-cell level, that self-renew without loss of multipotency for more than 140 population doublings and exhibit the capacity for differentiation into cells of all 3 germ layers. Based on surface marker expression, these clonally expanded human BM-derived multipotent stem cells (hBMSCs) do not appear to belong to any previously described BM-derived stem cell population. Intramyocardial transplantation of hBMSCs after myocardial infarction resulted in robust engraftment of transplanted cells, which exhibited colocalization with markers of cardiomyocyte (CMC), EC, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) identity, consistent with differentiation of hBMSCs into multiple lineages in vivo. Furthermore, upregulation of paracrine factors including angiogenic cytokines and antiapoptotic factors, and proliferation of host ECs and CMCs, were observed in the hBMSC-transplanted hearts. Coculture of hBMSCs with CMCs, ECs, or SMCs revealed that phenotypic changes of hBMSCs result from both differentiation and fusion. Collectively, the favorable effect of hBMSC transplantation after myocardial infarction appears to be due to augmentation of proliferation and preservation of host myocardial tissues as well as differentiation of hBMSCs for tissue regeneration and repair. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a specific population of multipotent human BM-derived stem cells can induce both therapeutic neovascularization and endogenous and exogenous cardiomyogenesis.
Amperometric response enhancement of the immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme electrode (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric response enhancement of the immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme electrodeLeroy D. Mell and J. T. MaloyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 11, 1597–1601Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50005a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50005a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A current-mode latch sense amplifier and a static power saving input buffer for low-power architecture (2003)

Two circuit schemes for reducing power dissipation are proposed. The first is a current-mode latch sense amplifier that achieves power reduction without degradation of the access speed compared with conventional current-mirror sense amplifier operation. The other is a static power saving input buffer (SPSIB) for reducing static power. These circuits are applied to 512-kb high-speed SRAMs, and the efficiencies are simulated by SPICE simulations. The current-mode latch sense amplifier effectively reduces the power, and the SPSIB reduces current in the interface circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adverse effect of the chitinolytic enzyme PjCHI‐1 in transgenic tomato on egg mass production and embryonic development of Meloidogyne incognita (2010)

A novel chitinase gene ( PjCHI‐1 ) isolated from Paecilomyces javanicus , a non‐nematophagous fungus, and driven by a CaMV35S promoter, was delivered into CLN2468D, a heat‐tolerant cultivar of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). T 1 tomato plants exhibited high endochitinase activity and reduced numbers of eggs and egg masses when infected with the root‐knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita . The eggs found in transgenic tomato had lower shell chitin contents than eggs collected from control plants. Egg masses from transgenic plants exhibited higher chitinase activity than those from control plants. Moreover, only 30% of eggs from transgenic plants were able to develop to the multi‐cell/J1 stage, compared with more than 96% from control plants. The present study demonstrated that the expression of the PjCHI‐1 chitinase gene can effectively reduce the production of egg masses and repress the embryonic development of M. incognita , presenting the possibility of a novel agro‐biotechnological strategy for preventing crop damage by RKN.
Differential myelinogenic capacity of specific developmental stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage upon transplantation into hypomyelinating hosts (1993)

The capacity of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their progenitors to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in vivo was evaluated by transplanting highly enriched populations of sequential stages of the OL lineage (A2B5+O4-, O4+GalC-, and GalC+) into the telencephalon of the hypomyelinating mouse, shiverer. The shiverer mouse neither expresses the major myelin basic protein (MBP) nor makes normal myelin due to a large deletion in the gene for MBP. Thirty days after transplantation, serial 225 micron sections of the host brain were immunostained with antiserum to MBP and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The presence of MBP+ patches of myelin in the otherwise MBP- host brain allowed a retrospective analysis of the myelinogenic activity of the transplanted progenitors cells. Both the extent of MBP+ myelin and the location of MBP+ structures relative to the initial site of cell deposition were highly dependent on the developmental stage of the transplanted cells. Specifically, A2B5+O4- OL progenitors migrated distances of > or = 600 microns and produced MBP+ patches in nearly every slice of the host brain. An average of over 250 separate patches were found per host brain, some of which had cross-sectional areas of > 250,000 microns2 containing as many as 60 MBP+ OL cell bodies, and with densities of myelination rivaling that of normal brain. In marked contrast, transplantation of O4+GalC- cells produced only small (1,000-25,000 microns2), scattered (25-40 per brain) patches of MBP+ myelin containing one to five cell bodies, all of which were within 50 microns of the needle track or the nearest ventricular surface. GalC+ cells produced MBP+ myelin at a level similar to that of O4+CalC- cells. These data suggest that the developmental transition of OL progenitors from the O4- to the O4+ phenotype is accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the innate capacity of the cells to migrate and survive in vivo. The use of developmentally identified, enriched populations of OL progenitor cells offers the opportunity for more precise analyses of transplantation and remyelination behavior, and relates to clinically relevant studies indicating that contaminant cell types can seriously interfere with the stable integration of donor tissue into the host.
Copper Chelation Enhances Antitumor Efficacy and Systemic Delivery of Oncolytic HSV (2012)

This study shows that combining ATN-224 with oHSV significantly increased serum stability of oHSV and greatly enhanced its replication and antitumor efficacy.
Characterization, chemical optimization and anti-tumor activity of a tubulin poison identified by a p53-based phenotypic screen (2008)

A robust p53 cell-based assay that exploits p53's function as a transcription factor was used to screen a small molecule library and identify bioactive small molecules with potential antitumor activity. Unexpectedly, the majority of the highest ranking hit compounds from this screen arrest cells in mitosis and most of them impair polymerization of tubulin in cells and in vitro. One of these novel compounds, JJ78:1, was subjected to structure-activity relationship studies and optimized leading to the identification of JJ78:12. This molecule is significantly more potent than the original hit JJ78:1, as it is active in cells at two-digit nanomolar concentrations and shows clear antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model as a single agent. The effects of nocodazole, a well established tubulin poison, and JJ78:12 on p53 levels are remarkably similar, supporting that tubulin depolymerization is the main mechanism by which JJ78:12 treatment leads to p53 activation in cells. In summary, these results identify JJ78:12 as a potential cancer therapeutic, demonstrate that screening for activators of p53 in a cell-based assay is an effective way to identify inhibitors of mitosis progression and highlights p53's sensitivity to alterations during mitosis.
The epidermal growth factor receptor ligands at a glance (2008)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates key processes of cell biology, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation during development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Canonical EGFR activation involves the binding of seven peptide growth factors. These ligands are synthesized as transmembrane proteins comprising an N-terminal extension, the EGF module, a short juxtamembrane stalk, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a carboxy-terminal fragment. The central structural and functional feature is the EGF module, a sequence containing six cysteines in a conserved spacement which is responsible for binding to the EGFR. While the membrane-anchored peptide can be biologically active by juxtacrine signaling, in most cases the EGF module is proteolytically cleaved (a process termed ectodomain shedding) to release the soluble growth factor, which may act in an endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine fashion. This review summarizes the structural and functional properties of these fascinating molecules and presents selected examples to illustrate their roles in development, physiology, and pathology.
Determinants of [Arg2]PTH-(1-34) binding and signaling in the transmembrane region of the parathyroid hormone receptor. (1994)

Previously, we reported that [Arg2]PTH-(1-34) bound to the rat osteosarcoma cell line, ROS 17/2.8, with 2-fold higher apparent affinity than it did to the opossum kidney cell line, OK, yet the analog was only a weak partial agonist for cAMP stimulation with ROS 17/2.8 cells, whereas it was a full cAMP agonist with OK cells. These results suggested that the rat and opossum PTH receptors differ in a region recognized by the hormone's amino-terminus. In this report we show that the cloned PTH receptors derived from ROS 17/2.8 and OK cells, expressed in COS-7 cells, also displayed altered responses to [Arg2]PTH-(1-34). Thus, [Arg2]PTH-(1-34) bound to the cloned rat PTH receptor with 7-fold higher affinity than it did to the cloned opossum PTH receptor, and in cAMP stimulation assays, it was a much weaker agonist with the rat receptor than it was with the opossum receptor. Studies with rat/opossum PTH receptor chimeras suggested that the membrane-spanning region of the receptor contributed to the different binding and signaling responses to [Arg2]PTH-(1-34). Point mutation analysis identified three sites in or near the extracellular ends of transmembrane domains V and VI, which specifically affected [Arg2]PTH-(1-34) binding and signaling.
Automation of the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF) I: Bond Perception and Atom Typing (2012)

Molecular mechanics force fields are widely used in computer-aided drug design for the study of drug-like molecules alone or interacting with biological systems. In simulations involving biological macromolecules, the biological part is typically represented by a specialized biomolecular force field, while the drug is represented by a matching general (organic) force field. In order to apply these general force fields to an arbitrary drug-like molecule, functionality for assignment of atom types, parameters, and charges is required. In the present article, which is part I of a series of two, we present the algorithms for bond perception and atom typing for the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF). The CGenFF atom typer first associates attributes to the atoms and bonds in a molecule, such as valence, bond order, and ring membership among others. Of note are a number of features that are specifically required for CGenFF. This information is then used by the atom typing routine to assign CGenFF atom types based on a programmable decision tree. This allows for straightforward implementation of CGenFF's complicated atom typing rules and for equally straightforward updating of the atom typing scheme as the force field grows. The presented atom typer was validated by assigning correct atom types on 477 model compounds including in the training set as well as 126 test-set molecules that were constructed to specifically verify its different components. The program may be utilized via an online implementation at https://www.paramchem.org/ .
Developmental Regulation of FKBP65 (2000)

FKBP65 (65-kDa FK506-binding protein) is a member of the highly conserved family of intracellular receptors called immunophilins. All have the property of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization, and most have been implicated in folding and trafficking events. In an earlier study, we identified that FKBP65 associates with the extracellular matrix protein tropoelastin during its transport through the cell. In the present study, we have carried out a detailed investigation of the subcellular localization of FKBP65 and its relationship to tropoelastin. Using subcellular fractionation, Triton X-114 phase separation, protease protection assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), we have identified that FKBP65 is contained within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequent IF studies colocalized FKBP65 with tropoelastin and showed that the two proteins dissociate before reaching the Golgi apparatus. Immunohistochemical localization of FKBP65 in developing lung showed strong staining of vascular and airway smooth muscle cells. Similar areas stained positive for the presence of elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix. The expression of FKBP65 was investigated during development as tropoelastin is not expressed in adult tissues. Tissue-specific expression of FKBP65 was observed in 12-d old mouse tissues; however, the pattern of expression of FKBP65 was not restricted to those tissues expressing tropoelastin. This suggests that additional ligands for FKBP65 likely exist within the ER. Remarkably, in the adult tissues examined, FKBP65 expression was absent or barely detectable. Taken together, these results support an ER-localized FKBP65-tropoelastin interaction that occurs specifically during growth and development of tissues.
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin is a marker for dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation in human skin (2002)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein initially isolated from the specific granules of human neutrophils. It is a member of the highly heterogeneous lipocalin protein family, which shares a common tertiary structure. Its synthesis is induced in gastrointestinal epithelium in association with inflammation and malignancy. To gain insight into its potential role in other epithelia we have investigated the expression of NGAL in human skin embryonic development, in normal adult skin, and in skin associated with inflammation and neoplastic transformation. In the present study we report that the embryonic expression of NGAL appears to be regulated in a spatio-temporal pattern. It was induced in the interfollicular epidermis at 20-24 weeks of gestational age but thereafter progressively receded towards the hair follicles. In normal adult skin, NGAL was detected solely in association with hair follicles. However, strong induction of NGAL in the epidermis was seen in a variety of skin disorders characterized by dysregulated epithelial differentiation such as psoriasis, pityriasis rubra and squamous cell carcinoma. In these tissues production of NGAL was confined to spatially distinct subpopulations of keratinocytes underlying areas of parakeratosis, whereas skin samples lacking parakeratotic epithelium such as lichen ruber planus, acute contact eczema and basal cell carcinoma were negative for NGAL. Consistent with being a marker for disturbed terminal differentiation, NGAL immunoreactivity showed an inverse pattern when compared with that of the differentiation marker filaggrin. The biologic functions of NGAL in epithelia are not fully known, although an immunomodulatory role in host defense has been proposed. In addition, the transient interfollicular NGAL expression during skin embryogenesis along with the induction of NGAL in adult parakeratotic epidermis suggests it play a role in epithelial differentiation pathways.
Highly-effective Flame Retardancy of Poly(lactide) Composite Achieved Through Incorporation of Amorphous Nickel Phosphate Microparticle (2014)

Abstract In this study, amorphous nickel phosphate (NiPO) was prepared through urea-assisted hydrothermal process. The composition of NiPO was investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). And the structure of NiPO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD).Then poly(lactide) (PLA) was melt blended with the resulting NiPO to prepare flame retardant PLA composites. The flame retardant property of PLA composites was probed using limiting oxygen index test (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter test (CCT). And the thermal combustion property was analyzed through pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter test (PCFC). In the meantime, the thermal stability of NiPO microparticles and PLA composites was analyzed through thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and integrated procedural degradation temperature (IPDT). In the meantime, the melting and crystallization property of PLA composites was investigated through DSC analysis. Results showed that NiHPO3 was the main component of NiPO. PLA composite with only 2 wt.% NiPO powder exhibited excellent flame retardancy (LOI = 27.5% and UL-94 V-0 rating). In the CCT and PCFC test, it showed that HRR of PLA composites was higher in the early stage of combustion and lower in the late stage of combustion than that of pure PLA. Moreover, a slightly increased CO production rate (COP) and obviously decreased total smoke production (TSP) were found in PLA composites containing 2 wt.% NiPO in CCT. In the DTG curve, the similar weight derivation trend to HRR in CCT and PCFC test was also observed. Additionally, the intrinsic thermal stability was enhanced significantly by 19°C with 2 wt.% NiPO into PLA composites. DSC results showed that NiPO could also improve the crystallization property of PLA composites. Keywords: Amorphous nickel phosphateHigh-effective flame retardancyPLA composites Notes a The cotton could be ignited by the dripping. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/lpte.
The quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 is related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. (1995)

These data indicate that the quantitative changes of AgNOR proteins observed in cytohistologic preparations in situ mainly reflect the quantitative changes of nucleolin and protein B23 and demonstrate that nucleolin and protein B23 amounts are inversely related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells.