gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
보론 첨가강의 연속냉각시 결정입계 석출물의 생성과정 (1996)

An investigation was performed to examine the formation process and morphology of the precipitates on the prior-austenite grain boundary of boron bearing steel during continuous cooling. During the faster cooling rate of water quenching from 1350℃ or 20℃/sec from 1350℃ to 750℃ and 850℃, elements of boron and carbon were segregated to the prior-austenite grain boundary, and transformed to the unstable amorphous phase or a meta-stable and a partially crystallized one. The stable phases were Fe_(23)(B,C)_6 at step quenching temperature of 850℃ and Fe₃(C,B) at 750℃, respectively. But during the slower cooling rate of 1℃/sec from 1350℃ to 750℃ and 850℃, segregated boron and carbon were not transformed to a unstable amorphous phase but directly transformed to the stable Fe_(23)(B,C)_6 or Fe₃(C,B). Line fraction and volume fraction of the stable phase on the prior-austenite grain boundary were not depended upon the step quenching temperature and the holding time, but mainly upon the cooling rate from 1350℃ to 750℃ and 850℃. Morphology of precipitates on the prior-austenite grain boundary was changed from small and thin type at the faster cooling rate of water quenching to large and thick one at the slower cooling rate of 1℃ /sec.
Model compression (2006)

Often the best performing supervised learning models are ensembles of hundreds or thousands of base-level classifiers. Unfortunately, the space required to store this many classifiers, and the time required to execute them at run-time, prohibits their use in applications where test sets are large (e.g. Google), where storage space is at a premium (e.g. PDAs), and where computational power is limited (e.g. hea-ring aids). We present a method for "compressing" large, complex ensembles into smaller, faster models, usually without significant loss in performance.
Sequence Analysis of the GntII (Subsidiary) System for Gluconate Metabolism Reveals a Novel Pathway for l -Idonic Acid Catabolism in Escherichia coli (1998)

The presence of two systems in Escherichia coli for gluconate transport and phosphorylation is puzzling. The main system, GntI, is well characterized, while the subsidiary system, GntII, is poorly understood. Genomic sequence analysis of the region known to contain genes of the GntII system led to a hypothesis which was tested biochemically and confirmed: the GntII system encodes a pathway for catabolism of L-idonic acid in which D-gluconate is an intermediate. The genes have been named accordingly: the idnK gene, encoding a thermosensitive gluconate kinase, is monocistronic and transcribed divergently from the idnD-idnO-idnT-idnR operon, which encodes L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase, 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase, an L-idonate transporter, and an L-idonate regulatory protein, respectively. The metabolic sequence is as follows: IdnT allows uptake of L-idonate; IdnD catalyzes a reversible oxidation of L-idonate to form 5-ketogluconate; IdnO catalyzes a reversible reduction of 5-ketogluconate to form D-gluconate; IdnK catalyzes an ATP-dependent phosphorylation of D-gluconate to form 6-phosphogluconate, which is metabolized further via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway; and IdnR appears to act as a positive regulator of the IdnR regulon, with L-idonate or 5-ketogluconate serving as the true inducer of the pathway. The L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase and 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase reactions were characterized both chemically and biochemically by using crude cell extracts, and it was firmly established that these two enzymes allow for the redox-coupled interconversion of L-idonate and D-gluconate via the intermediate 5-ketogluconate. E. coli K-12 strains are able to utilize L-idonate as the sole carbon and energy source, and as predicted, the ability of idnD, idnK, idnR, and edd mutants to grow on L-idonate is altered.
Engineering adeno‐associated virus serotype 2‐based targeting vectors using a new insertion site‐position 453‐and single point mutations (2009)

Position 453 emerged as a prominent site for the development of targeting mutants. Furthermore, we show for the first time that linearly distant residues can be critical for the efficiency of inserted peptide ligands.
A study of spray forming using uniform droplet sprays (1992)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1992.
Structure/Function Characterization of μ-Conotoxin KIIIA, an Analgesic, Nearly Irreversible Blocker of Mammalian Neuronal Sodium Channels (2007)

Peptide neurotoxins from cone snails continue to supply compounds with therapeutic potential. Although several analgesic conotoxins have already reached human clinical trials, a continuing need exists for the discovery and development of novel non-opioid analgesics, such as subtype-selective sodium channel blockers. Micro-conotoxin KIIIA is representative of micro-conopeptides previously characterized as inhibitors of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channels in amphibian dorsal root ganglion neurons. Here, we show that KIIIA has potent analgesic activity in the mouse pain model. Surprisingly, KIIIA was found to block most (>80%) of the TTX-sensitive, but only approximately 20% of the TTX-resistant, sodium current in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. KIIIA was tested on cloned mammalian channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.6 were strongly blocked; within experimental wash times of 40-60 min, block was reversed very little for Na(V)1.2 and only partially for Na(V)1.6. Other isoforms were blocked reversibly: Na(V)1.3 (IC50 8 microM), Na(V)1.5 (IC50 284 microM), and Na(V)1.4 (IC50 80 nM). "Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2. Taken together, these data suggest that KIIIA is an effective tool to study structure and function of Na(V)1.2 and that further engineering of micro-conopeptides belonging to the KIIIA group may provide subtype-selective pharmacological compounds for mammalian neuronal sodium channels and potential therapeutics for the treatment of pain.
N-Terminal Fibronectin 30-kDa Fragment Mediales the Immobilization of Soluble Fibrin by Factor XIIIa-Coated Polystyrene Beads (1987)

Polystyrene beads coated with thrombin-activated Factor XIII (plasma transglutaminase, plasma transamidase) retained soluble 125I-fibrin, if a 30-kDa fragment of fibronectin was present. The fragment was obtained by proteolytic cleavage of plasma fibronectin with trypsin, but was also available with plasmin or thrombin. It represented a fibrin-binding domain at the N-terminus of each of the two subunit chains and contained close to its amino end a transamidase-reactive site. Fibronectin was unable to mediate the binding of 125I-fibrin to Factor XIIIa-coated beads. 125I-fibrinogen was hardly recognized by the beads even in presence of the fibronectin fragment. The relatively slow binding of 125I-fibrin was inhibited by 0.15 mM putrescine or by a pretreatment of the coated beads with EDTA or N-ethylmaleinimide indicating the involvement of a transamidation in the binding reaction. Immobilization of 125I-fibrin in presence of the fibronectin fragment is assumed to require a covalent cross-linking of the two ligands at the immobilized transamidase giving rise to a product which is retained strongly. The possibility is discussed that a surface-attached transamidase might act as a fibrin receptor which requires the fibronectin fragment as a cofactor.
Ruddlesden–Popper Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite 2D Homologous Semiconductors (2016)

The hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have recently drawn significant interest because they can serve as excellent photoabsorbers in perovskite solar cells. Here we present the large scale synthesis, crystal structure, and optical characterization of the 2D (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ∞) perovskites, a family of layered compounds with tunable semiconductor characteristics. These materials consist of well-defined inorganic perovskite layers intercalated with bulky butylammonium cations that act as spacers between these fragments, adopting the crystal structure of the Ruddlesden–Popper type. We find that the perovskite thickness (n) can be synthetically controlled by adjusting the ratio between the spacer cation and the small organic cation, thus allowing the isolation of compounds in pure form and large scale. The orthorhombic crystal structures of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 (n = 2, Cc2m; a = 8.9470(4), b = 39.347(2) Å, c = 8.8589(6)), (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 (n = 3, C2cb; a = 8.9275(6), b = 51.959(4) Å, c = 8.8777(6)), and (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)3Pb4I13 (n = 4, Cc2m; a = 8.9274(4), b = 64.383(4) Å, c = 8.8816(4)) have been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and are reported here for the first time. The compounds are noncentrosymmetric, as supported by measurements of the nonlinear optical properties of the compounds and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The band gaps of the series change progressively between 2.43 eV for the n = 1 member to 1.50 eV for the n = ∞ adopting intermediate values of 2.17 eV (n = 2), 2.03 eV (n = 3), and 1.91 eV (n = 4) for those between the two compositional extrema. DFT calculations confirm this experimental trend and predict a direct band gap for all the members of the Ruddlesden–Popper series. The estimated effective masses have values of mh = 0.14 m0 and me = 0.08 m0 for holes and electrons, respectively, and are found to be nearly composition independent. The band gaps of higher n members indicate that these compounds can be used as efficient light absorbers in solar cells, which offer better solution processability and good environmental stability. The compounds exhibit intense room-temperature photoluminescence with emission wavelengths consistent with their energy gaps, 2.35 eV (n = 1), 2.12 eV (n = 2), 2.01 eV (n = 3), and 1.90 eV (n = 4) and point to their potential use in light-emitting diodes. In addition, owing to the low dimensionality and the difference in dielectric properties between the organic spacers and the inorganic perovskite layers, these compounds are naturally occurring multiple quantum well structures, which give rise to stable excitons at room temperature.
Profile aggregation and policy evaluation for adaptive internet services (2004)

Mobile and ubiquitous computing emphasize the need for highly adaptive delivery of Internet services. While several systems and even products exist that guarantee shallow or deep adaptation, they are usually based on profile information and customer relationship management modules stored and operating at the service provider. On the contrary, We assume that profile information, including user personal data and preferences, device capabilities, network bandwidth, location and other contextual information, as well as policy rules that can dynamically change this data, are provided by different sources. We describe a formal framework for aggregating this information and for solving conflicts between policy rules. We provide both a theoretical study of the properties of our techniques and a practical evaluation study obtained through a prototype implementation.
Comparison of single-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics between two formulations of hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen: immediate-release versus biphasic immediate- release/extended release (2015)

PK outcomes and tolerability were similar for IR/ER HB/APAP and IR HB/APAP.
Interactions of an intact proteoglycan and its fragments with basic homopolypeptides in dilute aqueous solution (1974)

The interactions between a proteoglycan and cationic polypeptides have been investigated by the use of circular-dichroism spectroscopy. The interaction produces an induced conformational change for poly(l-arginine) and poly(l-lysine), similar to the effects previously reported for mucopolysaccharide-polypeptide mixtures. For bovine nasal septum proteoglycan, the interactions are similar to those for chondroitin 4-sulphate, which comprises approximately 63% of the total polysaccharide. The results also suggest that the interactions produce a conformational change in the protein core. Similar studies for the Smith-degradation product show that the protein core can adopt a substantial alpha-helical content and is capable of interactions with poly-(l-arginine). The interactions for chondroitin sulphate ;doublets' are significantly different from those for the separated chains, indicating that the arrangement of the polysaccharide side chains in pairs (and larger groups) along the protein backbone contributes to the interaction properties of the intact proteoglycan.
Gene Therapy of Retinal Dystrophies: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (2003)

Early attempts at gene therapy of inherited retinal diseases by recombinant adenovirus-vectored gene replacement in laboratory animals met with moderate success but the effect was transient. Recently, emphasis has shifted to less toxic vectors, namely recombinant adeno-associated (rAAV) viruses. Ribozymes, targeted to the P23H rhodopsin mutation in transgenic rats, significantly reduced photoreceptor loss and slowed attenuation of the electroretinogram (ERG) for 8 months. By gene replacement, rAAV-based photoreceptor rescue has been achieved in the rds-/- mouse and has restored vision in dogs carrying a RPE65 gene mutation. Minigenes for neurotrophins delivered by rAAV have been effective in achieving structural rescue of photoreceptors in rodent models of dominant disease, although this has not always been accompanied by functional rescue. One of the current challenges is the application of ribozyme therapy for dominant mutations coupled with wild-type gene augmentation to overcome haploinsufficiency. Other animal models are currently being utilized for preclinical studies as well. Spontaneously mutated Irish Setters and rd mice offer excellent subjects for the therapy of recessive mutations as do the RPE65 knockout mouse and RCS (rdy) rat. With burgeoning preclinical successes, the future looks bright for the treatment and cure of inherited retinal diseases in human patients.
The Synthesis of Novel HIV-Protease Inhibitors via Silica Gel Assisted Addition of Amines to Epoxides (1993)

HIV-protease inhibitors, containing novel ß-hydroxy secondary amine transition state isosteres, are constructed using a silica gel mediated addition of unreactive amines to epoxides as the key step.
Label-free and dynamic detection of biomolecular interactions for high-throughput microarray applications (2008)

Direct monitoring of primary molecular-binding interactions without the need for secondary reactants would markedly simplify and expand applications of high-throughput label-free detection methods. A simple interferometric technique is presented that monitors the optical phase difference resulting from accumulated biomolecular mass. As an example, 50 spots for each of four proteins consisting of BSA, human serum albumin, rabbit IgG, and protein G were dynamically monitored as they captured corresponding antibodies. Dynamic measurements were made at 26 pg/mm(2) SD per spot and with a detectable concentration of 19 ng/ml. The presented method is particularly relevant for protein microarray analysis because it is label-free, simple, sensitive, and easily scales to high-throughput.
OML: optical maskless lithography for economic design prototyping and small-volume production (2004)

The business case for Maskless Lithography is more compelling than ever before, due to more critical processes, rising mask costs and shorter product cycles. The economics of Maskless Lithography gives a crossover volume from Maskless to mask-based lithography at surprisingly many wafers per mask for surprisingly few wafers per hour throughput. Also, small-volume production will in many cases be more economical with Maskless Lithography, even when compared to “shuttle” schemes, reticles with multiple layers, etc. The full benefit of Maskless Lithography is only achievable by duplicating processes that are compatible with volume production processes on conventional scanners. This can be accomplished by the integration of pattern generators based on spatial light modulator technology with state-of-the-art optical scanner systems. This paper reports on the system design of an Optical Maskless Scanner in development by ASML and Micronic: small-field optics with high demagnification, variable NA and illumination schemes, spatial light modulators with millions of MEMS mirrors on CMOS drivers, a data path with a sustained data flow of more than 250 GPixels per second, stitching of sub-fields to scanner fields, and rasterization and writing strategies for throughput and good image fidelity. Predicted lithographic performance based on image simulations is also shown.
Recent progress in understanding the persistent luminescence in SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy (2019)

Ever since the discovery of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy persistent afterglow material, that can intensively glow up to 20 h, the mechanism of long-lasting luminescence has been a popular area of research. The research is focused on discovering the mechanism of persistent luminescence in order to prolong the duration and intensity of afterglow in a controlled way. Although most researchers agree on the general things, there are still many unclarities and ambiguities to discuss upon. This review paper briefly sketches in the highlights of past research on the luminescence mechanism in SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy, mainly focusing on the research conducted in the past decade dedicated to clearing these ambiguities. This paper provides an overview of the latest persistent luminescence mechanisms offered by researchers.
The Biologic Activity and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Synthetic Interferon-Alpha Species, Consensus Interferon (1996)

Consensus interferon (Infergen) is a wholly synthetic type I interferon (IFN), developed by scanning several interferon-alpha nonallelic subtypes and assigning the most frequently observed amino acid in each position, resulting in a consensus sequence. The antiviral, antiproliferative, NK cell activation activity, cytokine induction, and interferon-stimulated gene-induction activity of consensus interferon has been compared with naturally occurring type I interferons. In all of these comparisons, consensus interferon had a higher activity when compared, on a mass basis, with IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-alpha 2b, although the activity was the same for all of these parameters on an antiviral unit basis. That a synthetic type I interferon could have higher activities than naturally occurring molecules is surprising and may be a result of the higher affinity for the array of type I interferon receptors demonstrated for consensus interferon when compared with IFN-alpha. In contrast, consensus interferon was shown to be an inferior inducer of IL-1 beta when compared with IFN-alpha. These results may reflect differential binding to multiple accessory proteins interacting with a type I interferon receptor. These unique biologic properties may lead to a favorable clinical benefit for consensus interferon when compared with the naturally occurring recombinant molecules. Ongoing clinical trials will ascertain whether consensus interferon can be used in a wide array of disease situations, such as chronic viral infections and certain malignancies.
Structure and Mechanism of Lysine-specific Demethylase Enzymes (2007)

The discovery of histone-demethylating enzymes has revealed yet another reversible histone modification mark. In this review, we describe the structural and chemical insights that we have now derived underlying the activity of these enzymes. The recent co-crystal structures of LSD1 bound to a proparylamine-derivatized histone H3 peptide and JHDM structures bound to two different methylated histone H3 peptides illustrate the steric requirements and structural basis for substrate specificity.
Directly Modulated Self-Seeding Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers as Colorless Transmitters in Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (2007)

The deployment rate of wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) is expected to accelerate with the availability of cost-efficient wavelength-specific transmitters. Fueled by this promise, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme that facilitates the use of reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) as colorless upstream transmitters. Central to the scheme is the use of a passive reflective path that is placed at the remote node (RN) to reflect a spectral slice of the broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light emitted from each RSOA. The reflected spectral slice, termed as a seeding light, establishes a self-seeding of the RSOA with measurements indicating the self-seeded output to be incoherent with a low relative intensity noise. The subsequent direct modulation of the self-seeding RSOA with nonreturn-to-zero data at 1.25 Gb/s for upstream transmission exhibits good transmission and crosstalk performance after traversing 21 km of single-mode fiber. Our proposed scheme eliminates the need for centralized broadband sources, external modulators, and active temperature control within the RN and between the RN and the optical network unit. Aside from the feasibility study of self-seeding RSOAs, we investigate the upstream performance dependence on the characteristics of the seeding light. Our investigations reveal that there exists a noise floor limit of the bit error rate (BER) of the self-seeded upstream signal. The noise floor is shown to vary with an initial optical seeding power that affects the level of ASE noise suppression of the self-seeded upstream signal. None the less, the RSOA self-seeds at a user-defined wavelength with a sufficient suppression of ASE noise to achieve a BER=10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> with only -30.5 dBm of initial optical seeding power. Our characterization of the frequency response of the RSOA reveals a high-pass filter response that suppresses the modulation on the reflected seeding light, and thus stabilizing the self-seeded output. Collectively, these features highlight the potential of using the self-seeding RSOAs to realize a cost-efficient WDM-PON solution in the near future
Nucleotide sequence of a gene coding for a saliva-binding protein (SsaB) from Streptococcus sanguis 12 and possible role of the protein in coaggregation with actinomyces (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of a 2.9-kb streptococcal DNA fragment which codes for two proteins with MrS of 36,000 (Streptococcus sanguis adhesin B [SsaB]) and 20,000 has been determined. The ssaB gene is 927 bp and codes for a 34,684-Da protein. The open reading frame coding for the 20-kDa protein is 489 bp and codes for a protein of 17,885 Da. The SsaB protein has a putative hydrophobic 19-amino-acid signal sequence resulting in a 32,620-Mr secreted protein, whereas the 20-kDa protein has no signal sequence. Both proteins are hydrophilic, and neither appears to have a hydrophobic membrane anchor sequence in the carboxy-terminal region. A DNA sequence homology of 73% exists between the cloned fragment containing the ssaB gene from S. sanguis 12 and the cloned fragment containing the type 1 fimbrial gene of S. sanguis FW213 (J.C. Fenno, D.J. LeBlanc, and P. Fives-Taylor, Infect. Immun. 57:3527-3533, 1989). Amino acid comparisons of the SsaB and type 1 fimbrial proteins show 87% homology, indicating a close similarity of the two proteins. Antiserum raised against the cloned SsaB protein cross-reacts with a 38-kDa protein identified from Streptococcus gordonii (S. sanguis) PK488 which was proposed to mediate coaggregation with Actinomyces naeslundii PK606 (P.E. Kolenbrander and R.N. Andersen, Infect. Immun. 58:3064-3072, 1990). The SsaB adhesion may play a role in oral colonization by binding either to a receptor on saliva or to a receptor on actinomyces.