gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen expressed on leukemia and melanoma cell lines has neutral endopeptidase activity. (1989)

We have previously reported that the amino acid sequence of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10) translated from a normal human kidney cDNA clone is identical to that of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11). In this study, we show that by flow cytometry, a monoclonal antibody (135A3) produced against rabbit NEP reacted selectively with leukemia and melanoma cell lines expressing CALLA on their surface. A glycoprotein of apparent Mr 100,000 was immunoprecipitated from surface labeled NALM-1 leukemia or Mel-1477 melanoma cells with monoclonal antibodies to NEP (135A3) or CALLA (44C10). mRNAs hybridizing to a NEP-specific probe were present in CALLA+ leukemia and melanoma cell lines, but absent from CALLA- lines. NEP enzymatic activity was detected on intact cells from CALLA+ lines, but not CALLA- lines. The activity was blocked by two selective inhibitors of NEP, thiorphan and phosphoramidon. CALLA antigen purified from the NALM-6 leukemic cell line by affinity to 44C10-IgG Sepharose retained a peptidase activity that was completely blocked by thiorphan and phosphoramidon. Thus the CALLA antigen present at the surface of leukemia and melanoma cell lines is an enzymatically active neutral endopeptidase.
Accelerating Tooth Movement: What Options We Have? (2016)

With a better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of orthodontic tooth movement now the focus is on surgically assisted rapid tooth movement This requires the collective effort of orthodontists and periodontists Clinically corticotomies and osteotomies have been devised to fasten the orthodontic tooth movement OTM Besides these this article highlights various newer methods of enhancing the rate of tooth movement like low level laser therapy use of electric current periodontal tissue activation by vibration photobiomodulation Pulsed electromagnetic fields etc Recent research has shown that these methods effectively increase the rate of OTM
New Strategies for Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: The Role of Tissue-of-Origin Molecular Profiling (2013)

The taxonomy and management of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) has matured over the past decade with the use of sophisticated imaging and pathologic tools. In the era of tailored therapeutics, this presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Tissue-of-origin (ToO) molecular profiling has an important role in the diagnostic armamentarium of CUP cancers, and its niche continues to evolve with ongoing prospective studies. Despite the inability to conduct direct validation (i.e., primary tumor), the use of the indirect validation methods with immunohistochemistry (IHC), imaging, and treatment response has allowed us to evaluate the performance accuracy of ToO profiling assays in CUP cancers. Despite advances, we struggle with the undifferentiated neoplasms, which often remain unclassifiable after an exhaustive use of IHC and ToO profiling assays. Genomic characterization of these and other select CUP cancers using next-generation sequencing techniques may reveal actionable biomarkers outside the (tissue specific) cellular framework. Also, going forward, using data from comparative effectiveness research, one could envision using a streamlined, cost-effective algorithm that integrates IHC and ToO molecular profiling in patients with limited (or difficult-to-access) biopsies and difficult-to-diagnose cancers.
A Bacterial Protein Enhances the Release and Efficacy of Liposomal Cancer Drugs (2006)

Clostridium novyi-NT is an anaerobic bacterium that can infect hypoxic regions within experimental tumors. Because C. novyi-NT lyses red blood cells, we hypothesized that its membrane-disrupting properties could be exploited to enhance the release of liposome-encapsulated drugs within tumors. Here, we show that treatment of mice bearing large, established tumors with C. novyi-NT plus a single dose of liposomal doxorubicin often led to eradication of the tumors. The bacterial factor responsible for the enhanced drug release was identified as a previously unrecognized protein termed liposomase. This protein could potentially be incorporated into diverse experimental approaches for the specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors.
Genetic factors in epileptic seizures: evidence from a large twin population (1991)

The Finnish Twin Cohort study (27,776 individuals; all twins of the same sex born before 1958 and alive in 1967) detected 316 cases of epileptic seizures occurring in 310 twin pairs: 89 monozygotic pairs and 221 dizygotic pairs, including three concordant monozygotic pairs and three concordant dizygotic pairs. The ratio of the observed to expected number of concordant pairs for epileptic seizures was 5.48 (90% CL 1.5-14.2) in monozygotic and 2.12 (90% CL 0.6-5.5) in dizygotic pairs. The results suggest that 8% to 27% of the incidence of epileptic seizures is related to genetic variability. The study of environmental differences in discordant monozygotic pairs should provide insights into the etiology of this group of disorders.
<title>Laser microprocessing of diamond and diamond-like films</title> (1994)

Applications of KrF excimer laser for processing of polycrystalline diamond films and hard amorphous (`diamond-like') carbon films grown by chemical vapor deposition are reported. A technique of selective-area deposition of diamond films on Si substrates is described. Smoothing of rough surface of as-grown films using a scanning laser beam, and high speed drilling of diamond films were realized. Laser etching of amorphous carbon in air is shown to occur by two mechanisms: (carbon oxidation, which provides etch rates of a few nm/pulse, and (2) physical ablation dominating at high fluences. Micron-sized patterns were produced in amorphous films using the `mild' laser-chemical etching regime without any damage of Si substrates. It is concluded that lasers are very efficient tools for patterning, polishing, and shaping of these two classes of the extremely hard and chemically inert materials.
Diabetes Mellitus and the Dental Pulp (2003)

This study attempts to evaluate the oral manifestations of and the limited available dental pulp information on diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disorder of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism affecting over 16 million Americans. Diabetics are particularly prone to bacterial or opportunistic infections. This vulnerability is caused by a generalized circulatory disorder whereby the blood vessels are damaged by the accumulation of atheromatous deposits in the tissues of the blood vessels lumen. In addition, blood vessels, particularly capillaries, develop a thickened basement membrane, which impairs a leukotactic response, and there is a decrease in the polymorphonuclear leucocyte microbicidal ability and failure to deliver the humoral and cellular components of the immune system. Because the dental pulp has limited or no collateral circulation, it is more prone to be at risk for infection. Clinical and radiographic studies by other investigators have shown that there is a greater prevalence of periapical lesions in diabetics than in nondiabetics. In a study of 252 diabetics with poor glycemic control, a high rate of asymptomatic tooth infection was found. Inflammatory reactions are greater in diabetic states, and the increased local inflammation causes an intensification of diabetes with a rise in blood glucose, placing the patient in an uncontrolled diabetic state. This often requires an increase in insulin dosage or therapeutic adjustment. Removal of the inflammatory state in the periodontium created a need for a lesser amount of insulin for glycemic control. Thus, it is essential to remove all infections including those of the dental pulp. When diabetes mellitus is under therapeutic control, periapical and other lesions heal as readily as in nondiabetics.
A self-learning neural network chip with 125 neurons and 10 K self-organization synapses (1991)

A learning neural network LSI chip is described. The chip integrates 125 neuron units and 10K synapse units with the 1.0 mu m double-poly-Si, double-metal CMOS technology. Most of this integration has been realized by using a mixed design architecture of digital and analog circuits. The fully feedback connection network LSI can memorize at least 15 patterns with 50 mu s learning time for each pattern. Under the condition that each test vector keeps a Hamming distance of 6 from memorized pattern, a correct association rate of 98% is obtained. The relaxation time is 1 to 2 mu s. This chip consumes less than 7.5 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Temperature-compensated aluminum nitride lamb wave resonators (2010)

In this paper, the temperature compensation of AlN Lamb wave resonators using edge-type reflectors is theoretically studied and experimentally demonstrated. By adding a compensating layer of SiO2 with an appropriate thickness, a Lamb wave resonator based on a stack of AlN and SiO2 layers can achieve a zero first-order temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). Using a composite membrane consisting of 1 microm AlN and 0.83 microm SiO2, a Lamb wave resonator operating at 711 MHz exhibits a first-order TCF of -0.31 ppm/degrees C and a second-order TCF of -22.3 ppb/degrees C(2) at room temperature. The temperature-dependent fractional frequency variation is less than 250 ppm over a wide temperature range from -55 degrees C to 125 degrees C. This temperature-compensated AlN Lamb wave resonator is promising for future applications including thermally stable oscillators, filters, and sensors.
A portable digital DLL for high-speed CMOS interface circuits (1999)

A digital delay-locked loop (DLL) that achieves infinite phase range and 40-ps worst case phase resolution at 400 MHz was developed in a 3.3-V, 0.4-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The DLL uses dual delay lines with an end-of-cycle detector, phase blenders, and duty cycle correcting multiplexers. This more easily process portable DLL achieves jitter performance comparable to a more complex analog DLL when placed into identical high-speed interface circuits fabricated on the same test-chip die. At 400 MHz, the digital DLL provides <250 ps peak-to-peak long-term jitter at 3.3 V and operates down to 1.7 V, where it dissipates 60 mW. The DLL occupies 0.96 mm/sup 2/.
Mucosal Cytokine Response After Short-Term Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (2013)

CD patients mounted a concomitant innate and adaptive immune response to gluten challenge. NCGS patients had increased density of intraepithelial CD3(+) T cells before challenge compared with disease controls and increased IFN-γ mRNA after challenge. Our results warrant further search for the pathogenic mechanisms for NCGS.
Development, Evaluation, and Demonstration of a Virtual Refrigerant Charge Sensor (2009)

Abstract Proper refrigerant charge level is critical for vapor-compression cycle refrigeration systems to operate efficiently and safely. The current practice of accurately determining charge levels is very time consuming and costly. Technicians must stop and evacuate the system, weigh the removed charge, and add the correct amount of charge to the system using a scale. This paper presents a method for obtaining accurate estimates of refrigerant charge level using noninvasive temperature measurements obtained while the system is operating. The method could be used as part of a permanently installed control or monitoring system to indicate charge level and/or to automatically detect and diagnose low or high levels of refrigerant charge. It could also be used as a stand-alone tool by technicians to determine existing charge and during the process of adjusting the refrigerant charge. The accuracy of the virtual refrigerant charge sensor is evaluated using laboratory data for seven different systems and over a wide range of operating conditions with and without the presence of other faults. The evaluation and demonstration verify that the virtual refrigerant charge level gauge has very good performance in terms of accuracy and robustness and can be easily implemented and installed in terms of both hardware and software.
Partial characterization of leukocyte binding molecules on endothelial cells induced by minimally oxidized LDL. (1994)

Treatment of rabbit aortic endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human aortic endothelial cells for 4 hours with minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) induced the adhesion of monocytes but not neutrophils or lymphocytes to these cells. This induction was blocked by inhibitors of glycoprotein synthesis (cycloheximide and tunicamycin), and binding was abolished by treatment of cells with low levels of trypsin, suggesting that the binding molecule(s) is a protein. There was no increase in binding of antibodies to E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) after treatment of cells with MM-LDL. Treatment of endothelial cells with Fab fragments of antibody to monocyte chemotactic protein-1 or to fibronectin did not block monocyte binding. Several sugars (lactose-1-phosphate, maltose-1-phosphate, and N-acetylglucosamine) inhibited monocyte binding to cells treated with MM-LDL, but binding was not blocked by mannose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, or glucose-6-phosphate. EDTA or EGTA treatment inhibited binding, which was restored by adding either calcium or magnesium. We conclude that the binding of monocytes to endothelial cells induced by a 4-hour treatment with MM-LDL is caused by a binding molecule(s) other than E-selectin, VCAM-1, or ICAM-1 and that carbohydrate chains on the monocytes or the endothelium play a role in binding.
Introduction (2001)

A striking departure in the early 1990s in the foreign aid policies of Northern ‘donor’ governments was the linkage of development assistance to the promotion of human rights, democracy and good governance in Southern ‘recipient’ countries. Similar policies were declared in rapid succession by almost all major bilateral aid donors from 1990 onwards, with a remarkable consensus in both the ends and means pronounced in the policy statements. The stated aid policy objectives were the promotion of civil and political rights, democratic government and an accountable and efficient public administration. It is asserted here that this amounts to an overall goal of democratisation (see Figure 1.2 on page 29). The policy instruments were two-fold: on the one hand, positive support through aid projects aimed at strengthening respect for human rights and democratic practices; on the other hand, negative action in the form of aid restrictions in situations of perceived violations of human rights or reversals in the democratisation process. The whole policy area is sometimes described as ‘political conditionality’, though this term more accurately refers to negative measures only. The positive measures are often described as ‘democracy assistance’, although the term ‘political aid’ is generally preferred here.
Oscillations in Systems with Non-Linear Reactance (1936)

A theoretical study is presented of the properties of a condenser, one plate of which is free to vibrate, when it is included in a circuit containing a generator, the frequency of which is higher than the resonant frequency of the plate and unrelated thereto. It is shown that the plate may be maintained in oscillation at a frequency at or near its mechanical resonance, at the expense of the energy supplied by the generator, provided certain conditions are satisfied. The most favorable condition is one in which the plate is resonant at the frequency of its vibration and the electric circuit is resonant at that of the generator, and at the difference between the generator and plate frequencies, and is anti-resonant at their sum. Under these conditions the generator voltage must exceed a threshold value determined by the impedances and frequencies. This threshold voltage increases as the conditions become less favorable. Expressions are given for the values of the oscillations as functions of the voltage when the threshold is exceeded. When the sum frequency is absent, the energies dissipated at the plate and difference frequencies are in the ratio of the two frequencies. The oscillations described represent a special case of a class of similar oscillations, all of which depend on the presence of a non-linear reactance. Another special case is a molecular model capable of reproducing the main features of the Raman effect.
Influence of upper and lower thermoneutral room temperatures (20 degrees C and 25 degrees C) on fasting and post-prandial resting metabolism under different outdoor temperatures. (1990)

It has been believed that post-absorptive resting metabolic rate (RMR) is invariable provided room temperature is maintained not far from 20 degrees C. Some recent works pose a problem of variability of post-absorptive RMR under conditions of room temperature within the comfortable thermoneutral range; a thermogenic response to mild cold (around 20 degrees C) increases RMR. For a total of 23 male subjects between the ages of 22 and 29 years, determination of post-absorptive and post-prandial RMRs were made after the same subjects wearing standardized clothing stayed overnight on four separate occasions in a room controlled at 20 and 25 degrees C in both winter and summer seasons. RMRs at 20 degrees C in winter were significantly greater by 6-9 per cent than those at 25 degrees C in the same season, and those at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C in summer. These differences were commonly observed in the post-absorptive RMRs and post-prandial RMRs. No statistical differences were detected among the RMRs on the other three occasions (25 degrees C in winter, 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C in summer). According to a three-way ANOVA, the effects of room temperature, season (outdoor temperature) and time course on RMRs were statistically significant. The effects of room temperature and of season on RMRs were independent of time course, and interacted with each other. These results suggest that 20 degrees C room temperature is not sufficient to determine definite RMR. At the lower room temperature, outdoor temperature is a possible factor that can affect RMRs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Triterpene, XIV: Die Bromierung von 19β.28‐Epoxy‐3‐oxo‐2‐diazo‐ und ‐1‐oxo‐2‐diazo‐ sowie von 19β.28‐Epoxy‐1‐oxo‐18αH‐oleanan (1965)

Abstract Die Bromierung der Diazoketone I und V sowie des Ketons IX führt zu den Bromketonen II und III, zu VI bzw. zu X und XI.
Exploring interaction of β‐amyloid segment (25–35) with membrane models through paramagnetic probes (2006)

The accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides into senile plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is mounting evidence that the lipid matrix of neuronal cell membranes plays an important role in the beta-sheet oligomerization process of beta-amyloid. Abeta(25-35), the sequence of which is GSNKGAIIGLM, is a highly toxic segment of amyloid beta (Abeta)-peptides, which forms fibrillary aggregates. In the present work, two spin-labelled Abeta(25-35) analogues containing the nitroxide group of the amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) as a paramagnetic probe at the N- or the C-terminus of the peptide sequence, respectively, were synthesized in order to investigate the peptide-membrane interaction. The orientation and associated changes of the peptide conformation in the presence of different artificial membrane models (micelles, liposomes) were evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance and circular dichroism techniques. The results of this study allowed us to propose a model in which the C-terminal portion of the peptide is highly associated to the membrane, while the N-terminal part extends into the aqueous phase with occasional contacts with the lipid head-group region. Interestingly, the interaction of the C-terminal portion of the peptide is particularly enhanced in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules.
Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in room‐temperature ionic liquids (2002)

Abstract The reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully carried out in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile/CuCl 2 /bipyridine as the initiating system, which had been reported as not able to promote a controlled process of MMA in bulk. The living nature of the polymerization was confirmed by kinetic studies, end‐group analysis, chain extension, and block copolymerization results. The polydispersity of the polymer obtained was quite narrow, with a weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ratio of less than 1.2. In comparison with other reverse ATRPs in bulk or conventional solvents, a much smaller amount of the catalyst was used. After a relatively easy removal of the polymer and residue monomer, the ionic liquid and catalytic system could be reused without further treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 143–151, 2003
Design of LCD driver IP for SOC applications (2004)

This paper describes a scheme for the integration of a LCD driver IP embedded within an ARM-based system-on-chip platform. The LCD driver IP with dot matrix scalable capability can interface to AMBA on chip bus is implemented by hardware description language as a RTL design. The wrapper architecture for AMBA interface is proposed The advantages of the proposed design are easy modification of the common and segment output lines, increasing flexibility for various types of LCD panels with scalable architecture. In our study, the proposed module was verified in ARM AMRA University Kit (AUK) environment.
Isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in epiretinal membranes: Immunolocalization to retinal pigmented epithelial cells (1995)

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) form on the inner surface of the retina in conjunction with various ocular disease processes, but the factors controlling their development are not understood. The predominant cell types involved are retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and retinal glia. Cultured RPE cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which is chemotactic and mitogenic for both RPE cells and retinal glia and, therefore, could be involved in the development of ERMs. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemical staining for PDGF A chain (PDGF-A), PDGF B chain (PDGF-B), and both types of PDGF receptors (PDGFr alpha and PDGFr beta) on ERMs associated with various disease processes. PDGF-A is detected in most ERMs, regardless of the associated disease process, and it appears to be localized predominantly in RPE cells, recognized by the presence of pigment and the immunohistochemical demonstration of some or all of the following RPE-associated epitopes: class III beta-tubulin, keratin, the 65-kDa microsomal protein recognized by the RPE9 antibody, and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein. PDGF-B is found only in minor subpopulations of cells in about half of the ERMs evaluated and, with only occasional exceptions, appears to be localized almost entirely in blood-borne cells found in and around vessels in vascularized ERMs. Both PDGFr alpha and PDGFr beta are demonstrated in most ERMs with neither isotype consistently predominating: they are found predominantly on RPE cells with many cells expressing both receptor types. ERMs with little or no RPE cell component contain little or no PDGF and PDGF receptor, whereas those in which the RPE cell represents the major cell type, have widespread PDGF and PDGF receptor positivity. These findings show that RPE cells in ERMs produce PDGF-A and PDGF alpha and PDGF beta receptors and suggest that autocrine and paracrine stimulation with PDGF may be involved in ERM pathogenesis.