gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Elderly: Assessment of Multidrug Resistance (MDR1) and Cytogenetics Distinguishes Biologic Subgroups With Remarkably Distinct Responses to Standard Chemotherapy. A Southwest Oncology Group Study (1997)

Compared with younger patients, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy. To determine if this poor response is due to differences in the biologic characteristics of AML in the elderly, we studied 211 patients (161 de novo, 50 secondary AML) over 55 years of age (median, 68 years) registered to a single clinical trial for previously untreated AML (SWOG 9031, Phase III randomized trial of standard dose cytosine arabinoside and daunomycin + rhG-CSF). Pretreatment leukemic blasts were karyotyped and were also analyzed for intrinsic drug resistance by quantitating expression of the multidrug resistance glycoprotein MDR1 and functional drug efflux using sensitive flow cytometric techniques. Results were correlated with clinical variables and outcome. These elderly AML patients had a high frequency of unfavorable cytogenetics (32%), MDR1 protein expression (71%), and functional drug efflux (58%); each of these factors occurred at high frequencies in both de novo and secondary AML patients and was associated with a significantly poorer complete remission (CR) rate. In multivariate analysis, secondary AML (P = .0035), unfavorable cytogenetics (P = .0031), and MDR1 (P = .0041) were each significantly and independently associated with lower CR rates. Resistant disease was associated with unfavorable cytogenetics (P = .017) and MDR1 expression (P = .0007). Strikingly, elderly MDR1(-) de novo AML patients with favorable/intermediate cytogenetics had a CR rate of 81%; with increasing MDR1 expression, CR rate decreased in this cytogenetic group. MDR1(+) secondary AML patients with unfavorable cytogenetics had a CR rate of only 12%. Thus, AML in the elderly is associated with an increased frequency of unfavorable cytogenetics and MDR1 expression, both of which independently contribute to poor outcomes. The high frequencies of these features in both de novo and secondary elderly AML patients suggest a common biologic mechanism for these leukemias distinct from that in younger patients. Investigation of biologic parameters at diagnosis in AML in the elderly may help identify patients with a high likelihood of achieving CR with conventional regimens, as well as those who may require alternate regimens designed to overcome therapy resistance.
Atomic Layer Deposition and Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tantalum Oxide by Successive and Simultaneous Pulsing of Tantalum Ethoxide and Tantalum Chloride (2000)

Amorphous Ta2O5 films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) or pulsed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes as a result of reactions between Ta(OC2H5)5 and TaCl5. Pulses of evaporized Ta precursors were led into the reactor successively or simultaneously. H2O could be applied as a supplementary oxygen source, but the films could be grown also in a water-free process. Films were grown in the temperature range of 275−450 °C. The growth rate of the films obtained by CVD using simultaneous pulsing of precursors exceeded 2.5 times that of the films obtained in the ALD process, where only one metal precursor was applied at a time. The refractive index and permittivity of the films increased with the growth temperature and frequency of Ta precursor pulses, approaching the values characteristic of the films obtained in the conventional ALD or CVD processes.
Performance and complications associated with the Synchromed 10-ml infusion pump for intrathecal baclofen administration in children (2004)

Object. The objectives of this multicenter study were to monitor the performance of a 10-ml pump infusing intrathecal baclofen to treat 100 children with cerebral spasticity, to monitor complications associated with the pump, and to correlate pump-related complications with body habitus. Methods. Age at implantation of the pump ranged from 1.4 to 16.8 years (mean 8.1 years). The effects of ITB on spasticity in the upper and lower extremities were evaluated using the Ashworth Scale. Data were collected regarding implant site, infection, complication, and body mass index (BMI). Ashworth Scale scores decreased significantly in the upper and lower extremities at 6 and 12 months after pump implantation (p < 0.001). There were four serious system-related complications, all specific to catheters. There were 32 serious procedure-related complications in 21 patients: 11 complications were infections that occurred in nine patients. Four of nine pump-induced infections were treated with pump removal and antibiotic therapy; five infections were treated successfully with antibiotic therapy alone, without pump removal. In children younger than 8 years of age there was a significantly higher incidence of serious procedure-related adverse events than in older children. There was no significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of pump pocket—related complications or infections. Conclusions. The 10-ml pump can be used therapeutically in small children, particularly those weighing less than 40 lbs, with greater ease and less wound tension, than the conventional 18-ml pump. The incidence of complications associated with the 10-ml pump in younger children appears to be similar to that previously reported with the 18-ml pump in larger-sized children.
Developmental abnormalities in cultured mouse embryos deprived of retinoic by inhibition of yolk-sac retinol binding protein synthesis. (1996)

Presomitic and 3- to 12-somite pair cultured mouse embryos were deprived of retinoic acid (RA) by yolk-sac injections of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for retinol binding protein (RBP). Inhibition of yolk-sac RBP synthesis was verified by immunohistochemistry, and the loss of activity of a lacZ-coupled RA-sensitive promoter demonstrated that embryos rapidly became RA-deficient. This deficiency resulted in malformations of the vitelline vessels, cranial neural tube, and eye, depending upon the stage of embryonic development at the time of antisense injection. Addition of RA to the culture medium at the time of antisense injection restored normal development implicating the role of RBP in embryonic RA synthesis. Furthermore, the induced RA deficiency resulted in early down-regulation of developmentally important genes including TGF-beta1 and Shh.
A practical synthesis of mitomycin A and its analogs (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA practical synthesis of mitomycin A and its analogsD. M. Vyas, D. Benigni, R. A. Partyka, and T. W. DoyleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 22, 4307–4309Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00372a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00372a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative study of organic dyes with time‐of‐flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry and related techniques (2005)

A series of cationic, zwitterionic and anionic fluorinated carbocyanine dyes, spin-coated on Si substrates, were measured with time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-S-SIMS) under Ga(+) primary ion bombardment. Detailed fragmentation patterns were developed for all dyes measured. In the positive mode, the resulting spectra showed very intense signals for the precursor ions of the cationic dyes, whereas the protonated signals of the anionic dyes were hardly detected. Differences of three orders of magnitude were repeatedly observed for the secondary ion signal intensities of cationic and anionic dyes, respectively. All measured dyes yielded mass spectra containing several characteristic fragment ions. Although the secondary ion yields were still higher for the cationic than the anionic dye fragments, the difference was reduced to a factor of < or =10. This result and the fact that M(+), [M + H](+) or [M + 2H](+) are even-electron species make it very likely that the recorded fragments were not formed directly out of the (protonated) parent ions M(+), [M + H](+) or [M + 2H](+). In the negative mode, none of the recorded spectra contained molecular information. Only signals originating from some characteristic elements of the molecules (F, Cl), the anionic counter ion signal and some low-mass organic ions were detected. A comparative study was made between TOF-S-SIMS, using Ga(+) primary ions, and other mass spectrometric techniques, namely fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The measurements showed that MALDI, ESI and FAB all give rise to spectra containing molecular ion signals. ESI and FAB produced M(+) and [M + H](+) signals, originating from the cationic and zwitterionic dyes, in the positive mode and M(-) and [M - H](-) signals of the anionic and zwitterionic dyes in the negative mode. With MALDI, molecular ion signals were measured in both modes for all the dyes. Structural fragment ions were detected for FAB, ESI and MALDI in both the positive and negative modes. Compared with the other techniques, TOF-S-SIMS induced a higher degree of fragmentation.
PGMAKE: A Portable Distributed Make System (1994)

We describe pgmake, which extends the GNU project‘s make utility to support distributed job execution using the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) package from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These two packages were chosen because of their high level of portability to different architectures, free source code distribution policy and availability to the public. Using medium-sized farms of modest performing workstations, our system has achieved software build times faster than expensive high-speed uni- and multiprocessors. The highly portable code additions make this implementation easy to port among various platforms.
The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of a Long-Acting Growth Hormone (GH) Preparation (Nutropin Depot) in GH-Deficient Adults (2002)

A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of a long-acting GH [Nutropin Depot; somatropin (rDNA origin) for injectable suspension] was performed in 25 patients with adult GH deficiency. Single doses of 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, based on ideal body weight, were administered sc. After either dose, serum GH concentrations rose rapidly in both sexes. In men, the lower dose maintained serum IGF-I levels within 1 SD of the mean for age and sex for 14-17 d; the higher dose raised IGF-I levels 2 SD above the mean. In most women, all of whom were receiving oral estrogen, the lower dose did not normalize IGF-I levels; the higher dose maintained IGF-I near the mean for approximately 14 d. Increases in IGF binding protein-3 and acid-labile subunit levels were observed in both sexes; however, a sex-related difference was not obvious. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were transiently elevated in men receiving the higher dose. Patients tolerated the injections well. We concluded that a single injection of Nutropin Depot at these doses in patients with adult GH deficiency increased serum IGF-I to within normal limits for 14-17 d. Estrogen-treated women required approximately twice the dose needed in men to produce comparable IGF-I concentrations.
Complications of Proximal Femoral Allografts in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (1993)

Four revision hip arthroplasties using a well-described surgical construct involving a large frozen femoral allograft to replace a deficient proximal femur developed six major complications related to the use of the allograft or of the surgical construct. These cases represent three consecutive cases using this surgical construct performed by the senior author and one postoperative referral that used the same construct. The complications included three allograft fractures, two nonunions at the host-allograft junction, and one postoperative infection. All four of the patients previously had cemented revisions before the allograft procedure, and all had deficient proximal femurs at the time of the allograft procedure. All three of the fractures occurred at the tip of the femoral prosthesis within the allograft. The unacceptably high fracture rate, three of four, was associated with the allograft functioning as an unsupported load-bearing element in this study.
Carboxypeptidase A (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxypeptidase ADavid W. Christianson and William N. LipscombCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 2, 62–69Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00158a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00158a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2569Altmetric-Citations579LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chrome congestive heart failure (1994)

This study investigated the effect of intravascular high intensity, low frequency catheter-delivered ultrasound on vasomotor behaviour in vivo. Catheter-delivered therapeutic ultrasound induces endothelium-independent vasodilation in vitro. To study this effect in vivo we analysed the angiograms of canine coronaries and human femoropopliteal arteries before and after ultrasound exposure. Vasomotor behaviour was studied using a computer edge detection program. We analysed the angiograms of: (1) eight canine left coronary arteries before and after ultrasound; (2) eight canine left coronaries only subjected to serial angiograms, and three canine left coronary arteries of two dogs after passing the unactivated ultrasound probe down the coronary artery infusing saline at a rate of 10-20 ml.min-1, which served as controls, and (3) eight angiographically normal human arterial sites proximal to occlusions in eight femoropopliteal arteries of patients undergoing ultrasound angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease. Vessel diameter of canine coronaries after ultrasound exposure increased from 2.3 +/- 0.3 mm to 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm (21 +/- 2.3%) (P < 0.01). There was no change in vascular diameter in controls after multiple angiograms (2.4 +/- 0.3 mm vs 2.5 +/- 0.2 mm (4.2 +/- 0.2%) (P = ns). Average vessel diameter after passage of the unactivated probe with saline infusion decreased in the left anterior descending coronary artery from 3.66 mm to 3.13 mm, and in the left circumflex coronary artery from 2.88 mm to 2.62 mm. Vessel diameter in human femoropopliteal arteries increased from 3.2 +/- 0.2 mm to 3.6 +/- 0.5 mm or by 14.3 +/- 2.9% respectively (P < 0.01) after exposure to ultrasound energy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles (2015)

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are growing in popularity exponentially. Despite their ever-growing acceptance, their aerosol has not been fully characterized. The current study focused on evaluating e-cigarette solutions and their resultant aerosol for potential differences. A simple sampling device was developed to draw e-cigarette aerosol into a multi-sorbent thermal desorption (TD) tube, which was then thermally extracted and analyzed via a gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. This novel application provided detectable levels of over one hundred fifteen volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from a single 40mL puff. The aerosol profiles from four commercially available e-cigarettes were compared to their respective solution profiles with the same GC-MS method. Solution profiles produced upwards of sixty four unidentified and identified (some only tentatively) constituents and aerosol profiles produced upwards of eighty two compounds. Results demonstrated distinct analyte profiles between liquid and aerosol samples. Most notably, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and siloxanes were found in the aerosol profiles; however, these compounds were never present in the solutions. These results implicate the aerosolization process in the formation of compounds not found in solutions; have potential implications for human health; and stress the need for an emphasis on electronic cigarette aerosol testing.
9-[(2RS)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo. (1991)

A new class of compounds, 9-[(2RS)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(RS)-FPMP] derivatives of purines, is described that has selective activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses [including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2)] but not other RNA or DNA viruses. This activity spectrum is completely different from that of the parental compounds, 9-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(S)-HPMP] derivatives of purines, which are active against a broad range of DNA viruses. The racemic (RS)-FPMP derivatives of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine, termed (RS)-FPMPA and (RS)-FPMPDAP, respectively, are markedly more selective as in vitro antiretroviral agents than their 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) (PME) counterparts, PMEA and PMEDAP. Also, (RS)-FPMPA and (RS)-FPMPDAP have a substantially higher therapeutic index in mice in inhibiting Moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced tumor formation and associated death and are markedly less inhibitory to human bone marrow cells than PMEA and PMEDAP. The diphosphate derivative of (RS)-FPMPA [(RS)-FPMPApp] is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase but not of HSV-1 DNA polymerase or DNA polymerase alpha. (RS)-FPMPApp, akin to PMEA diphosphate (PMEApp), acts as a DNA chain terminator. The DNA chain-terminating properties of PMEApp and (RS)-FPMPApp seem to be a prerequisite for acyclic nucleoside phosphonates to exhibit antiretrovirus (i.e., anti-HIV) activity.
Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy of Nanosized Metal Particles (1996)

The use of optical measurements to monitor electrochemical changes on the surface of nanosized metal particles is discussed within the Drude model. The absorption spectrum of a metal sol in water is shown to be strongly affected by cathodic or anodic polarization, chemisorption, metal adatom deposition, and alloying. Anion adsorption leads to strong damping of the free electron absorption. Cathodic polarization leads to anion desorption. Underpotential deposition (upd) of electropositive metal layers results in dramatic blue-shifts of the surface plasmon band of the substrate. The deposition of just 0.1 monolayer can be readily detected by eye. In some cases alloying occurs spontaneously during upd. Alloy formation can be ascertained from the optical absorption spectrum in the case of gold deposition onto silver sols. The underpotential deposition of silver adatoms onto palladium leads to the formation of a homogeneous silver shell, but the mean free path is less than predicted, due to lattice strain in the shell.
Fully process-compatible layout design on bond pad to improve wire bond reliability in CMOS ICs (2002)

During manufacture of wire bonding in packaged IC products, the breaking of bond wires and the peeling of bond pads occur frequently. The result is open-circuit failure in IC products. There were several prior methods reported to overcome these problems by using additional process flows or special materials. In this paper, a layout method is proposed to improve the bond wire reliability in general CMOS processes. By changing the layout patterns of bond pads, the reliability of bond wires on bond pads can be improved. A set of different layout patterns of bond pads has been drawn and fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m single-poly triple-metal CMOS process for investigation by the bond wire reliability tests, the ball shear test and the wire pull test. By implementing effective layout patterns on bond pads in packaged IC products, not only the bond wire reliability can be improved, but also the bond pad capacitance can be reduced for high frequency application. The proposed layout method for bond pad design is fully process-compatible to general CMOS processes.
Nicotine Promotes Colon Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis through -Adrenergic Activation (2007)

Cigarette smoking is a putative environmental risk factor for colon cancer. Nicotine, an active alkaloid in tobacco, has been implicated in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that oral nicotine administration (50 or 200 μg/ml) for 25 days stimulated growth of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice. It also increased vascularization in the tumors and elevated cotinine and adrenaline plasma levels. β-Adrenoceptors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were also increased by nicotine. I.p. injection of β1-selective antagonist (atenolol, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or β2-selective antagonist (ICI 118,551, 5, or 10 mg/kg) blocked the nicotine-stimulated tumor growth dose dependently, in which β2-selective antagonist produced a more prominent effect. β-Adrenoceptors blockade also abrogated the stimulatory action of nicotine on microvessel densities as well as cell expression of COX-2, PGE2, and VEGF, in which β2-selective antagonist produced a significant effect. These findings provide a direct evidence that nicotine can enhance colon tumor growth mediated partly by stimulation of β-adrenoceptors, preferentially the β2-adrenoceptors. Activation of β-adrenoceptors and the subsequent stimulation of COX-2, PGE2, and VEGF expression is perhaps an important mechanism in the tumorigenic action of nicotine on colon tumor growth. These data suggest that β-adrenoceptors play a modulatory role in the development of colon cancer and partly elucidate the carcinogenic action of cigarette smoke. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved.
Fluorescence assay in biology and medicine (1962)

Fluorescence assay in biology and medicine , Fluorescence assay in biology and medicine , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی