gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequestration and Inhibition of Daxx-Mediated Transcriptional Repression by PML (2000)

PML fuses with retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) in the t(15;17) translocation that causes acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In addition to localizing diffusely throughout the nucleoplasm, PML mainly resides in discrete nuclear structures known as PML oncogenic domains (PODs), which are disrupted in APL and spinocellular ataxia cells. We isolated the Fas-binding protein Daxx as a PML-interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses reveal that Daxx is a nuclear protein that interacts and colocalizes with PML in the PODs. Reporter gene assay shows that Daxx drastically represses basal transcription, likely by recruiting histone deacetylases. PML, but not its oncogenic fusion PML-RARalpha, inhibits the repressor function of Daxx. In addition, SUMO-1 modification of PML is required for sequestration of Daxx to the PODs and for efficient inhibition of Daxx-mediated transcriptional repression. Consistently, Daxx is found at condensed chromatin in cells that lack PML. These data suggest that Daxx is a novel nuclear protein bearing transcriptional repressor activity that may be regulated by interaction with PML.
Review: IRF-4 Activities in HTLV-I-Induced T Cell Leukemogenesis (2002)

We summarize recent studies on the activation and regulation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-4 (IRF-4) and its function in activated T cells, human T cell lymphoma virus (HTLV-I)-infected T cells, and HTLV-I-induced adult T cell leukemia (ATL). We have examined the specific mechanisms underlying the expression and regulation of the IRF-4 transcription factor in HTLV-I-infected cells and have shown that constitutive IRF-4 expression is exclusive to the transformed, leukemic ATL phenotype as opposed to the nonleukemic HTLV-I associated myelopathies/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) phenotype. In contrast, IRF-4 is only transiently induced in T lymphocytes activated by signals that mimic stimulation through the T cell receptor (TCR). In vivo and in vitro analyses have identified several regulatory regions within the human IRF-4 promoter that interact with the transcriptional regulators NF-kappaB, NF-AT, and Sp-1 to drive IRF-4 production in HTLV-I-infected, ATL-derived cells. cDNA array analysis of an IRF-4-expressing T cell line has also provided valuable insight into potential IRF-4 target genes. Further investigation of these novel IRF-4-regulated genes will permit a mechanistic understanding of IRF-4 function in HTLV-I-induced leukemogenesis.
Identification and Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded MicroRNAs (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of noncoding genes that regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional repression. Given the potential for large viral genomes to encode these transcripts, we examined the human cytomegalovirus AD169 genome for miRNAs using a bioinformatics approach. We identified 406 potential stem-loops, of which 110 were conserved between chimpanzee cytomegalovirus and several strains of human cytomegalovirus. Of these conserved stem-loops, 13 exhibited a significant score using the MiRscan algorithm. Examination of total RNA from human cytomegalovirus-infected cells demonstrated that 5 of the 13 predicted miRNAs were expressed during infection. These studies demonstrate that human cytomegalovirus encodes multiple conserved miRNAs and suggest that human cytomegalovirus may utilize an miRNA strategy to regulate cellular and viral gene function.
Ceramic powder processing and clay-like flow stress of saturated alumina powder compacts (1999)

The flow stresses of saturated, consolidated alumina powder compacts and a commercial throwing clay were measured and compared. The flow stresses were measured at displacement rates between 0.5 and 20 mm/min. for cylindrical bodies deformed in unconstrained, uniaxial compression. The flow stresses of certain saturated alumina powder compacts formed by consolidating salt coagulated slurries were found to be almost identical to the flow stress of the commercial throwing clay. Such systems may be useful in developing low cost plastic forming processes for the production of advanced ceramic components.
Co-expression of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and (R)-enoyl-CoA hydratase genes ofAeromonas caviaeestablishes copolyester biosynthesis pathway inEscherichia coli (1999)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes of Aeromonas caviae were expressed in Escherichia coli LS5218 (fadR atoC(Con)), and the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing ability of the recombinants was investigated. A LS5218 strain harboring only phaCAc (polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene) did not accumulate any polyhydroxyalkanoate from dodecanoate in spite of the existence of translated polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase protein, whereas co-expression phaCAc and phaJAc ((R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase gene) resulted in the accumulation of P(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer up to 7-11 wt% of dry cell weight from octanoate and dodecanoate. These results indicated that both phaCAc and phaJAc are essential for E. coli LS5218 to establish the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis pathway from alkanoic acids. The copolyester content in the strain expressing both the genes under the lac promoter control reached to 38 wt% from dodecanoate. Enzyme assays suggest that efficient monomer formation via beta-oxidation by a high level expression of phaJAc was important to achieve a high polyhydroxyalkanoate content in the recombinant E. coli.
Guided Three-Dimensional Growth of Functional Cardiomyocytes on Polyethylene Glycol Nanostructures (2006)

We introduce well-defined nanopillar arrays of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel as a cell culture platform to guide a 3D construct of primary rat cardiomyocytes in vitro for potential tissue engineering applications. Ultraviolet (UV)-assisted capillary lithography was used to fabricate highly uniform approximately 150 nm PEG pillars with approximately 400 nm height. It was found that cell adhesion was significantly enhanced on PEG nanopillars (132 +/- 29 cells/mm2) compared to that on the bare PEG control (39 +/- 17 cells/mm2) (p < 0.05) but substantially reduced compared to that on the glass control (502 +/- 45 cells/mm2) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in colonizing cardiomyocytes, the nanopillars stimulated self-assembled aggregates among the contacting cells with 3D growth, which is a unique feature for nanopatterned PEG hydrogels as a cell culture substrate. The 3D-grown cardiomyocytes retained their conductive and contractile properties, as evidenced by the observation of beating cardiomyocytes with robust action potential generation.
Endothelin antagonists for diabetic and non‐diabetic chronic kidney disease (2012)

Numerous pre-clinical studies have implicated endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal endothelin-1 production is almost universally increased in kidney disease. The pathologic effects of endothelin-1, including vasoconstriction, proteinuria, inflammation, cellular injury and fibrosis, are likely mediated by the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. ETA antagonism alone, and/or combined ETA/B blockade, reduces CKD progression. Based on the strong pre-clinical data, several clinical trials using ETA antagonists were conducted. Small trials involving acute intravenous endothelin receptor blockade suggest that ETA, but not ETB, blockade exerts protective renal and vascular effects in CKD patients. A large phase 3 trial (ASCEND) examined the effects of avosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, on renal disease progression in diabetic nephropathy. Proteinuria was reduced after 3-6 months of treatment. However the study was terminated due to increased morbidity and mortality associated with avosentan-induced fluid retention. Several phase 2 trials using avosentan at lower doses than in ASCEND, atrasentan or sitaxsentan (the latter two being highly ETA-selective) showed reductions in proteinuria on top of renin-angiotensin system blockade. Infrequent and clinically insignificant fluid retention was observed at the most effective doses. Additional trials using ETA blockers are ongoing or being planned in patients with diabetic nephropathy or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Moving forward, such studies must be conducted with careful patient selection and attention to dosing in order to minimize adverse side effects. Nonetheless, there is cause for optimism that this class of agents will ultimately prove to be effective for the treatment of CKD.
<title>Pattern classification of RGB color images using a BP neural network classifier</title> (1993)

This paper presents a neural network approach to classify three-band RGB color images for automatic visual inspection of seed maize. A back-propagation neural network classifier was developed and tested. The effectiveness of the neural network classification was evaluated by comparing with two conventional statistical methods, minimum distance (MD) and maximum likelihood (ML) classifications. Experimental results showed that the BP neural network classifier, the MD classifier and ML classifier provided the overall accuracies of 93.4%, 91.5% and 96%, respectively. The neural network classifier showed a better performance than the MD and ML classifiers in classifying the shady boundaries or blurred edges of an interested class when the training samples were selected from the boundary areas of the class. This research indicated that neural networks are suitable for the pattern classification of RGB color images.
Delayed initiation of subcutaneous insulin therapy after failure of oral glucose‐lowering agents in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based analysis in the UK (2007)

This study found that 25% of patients with Type 2 diabetes had insulin initiation delayed for at least 1.8 years, and 50% of patients delayed starting insulin for almost 5 years after failure of glycaemic control with OGLA polytherapy, even in the presence of diabetes-related complications. Interventions that reduce this delay to insulin initiation are required to help achieve and maintain recommended glycaemic targets in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow decrease neuronal death in global ischemia by modulation of inflammatory/immune responses (2008)

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were injected into the hippocampus of adult mice 1 day after transient global ischemia. The hMSCs both improved neurologic function and markedly decreased neuronal cell death of the hippocampus. Microarray assays indicated that ischemia up-regulated 586 mouse genes. The hMSCs persisted for <7 days, but they down-regulated >10% of the ischemia-induced genes, most of which were involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The hMSCs also up-regulated three mouse genes, including the neuroprotective gene Ym1 that is expressed by activated microglia/macrophages. In addition, the transcriptomes of the hMSC changed with up-regulation of 170 human genes and down-regulation of 54 human genes. Protein assays of the hippocampus demonstrated increased expression in microglia/macrophages of Ym1, the cell survival factor insulin-like growth factor 1, galectin-3, cytokines reflective of a type 2 T cell immune bias, and the major histocompatibility complex II. The observed beneficial effects of hMSCs were largely explained by their modulation of inflammatory and immune responses, apparently by alternative activation of microglia and/or macrophages.
Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (Prasterone), a physiological and highly efficient treatment of vaginal atrophy (2009)

Local Prasterone, through local androgen and estrogen formation, causes a rapid and efficient reversal of all the symptoms and signs of vaginal atrophy with no or minimal changes in serum steroids, which remain well within the normal postmenopausal range. This approach avoids the fear of systemic effects common to all presently available estrogen formulations and adds a novel physiological androgenic component to therapy.
Surfactant Alterations in Severe Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Cardiogenic Lung Edema (1996)

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were analyzed for surfactant abnormalities in 153 patients with acute respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. Diagnoses were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the absence of lung infection (n = 16), severe pneumonia (PNEU; n = 88), ARDS and PNEU (n = 36), and cardiogenic lung edema (CLE; n = 13). The PNEU group was subdivided into groups with alveolar PNEU (n = 35), bronchial PNEU (n = 16), interstitial PNEU (n = 18) and nonclassified PNEU (n = 19). Comparison with healthy controls (n = 20) was undertaken. Total phospholipids (PL), proteins, PL classes (HPTLC) and surfactant apoproteins SP-A and SP-B (ELISA) were quantified in the original BALF. The 48,000 x g pellet from centrifugation of the BAL was used to assess the percentage of large surfactant aggregates (LSA) and the biophysical properties of the surfactant (pulsating bubble surfactometer). All groups with inflammatory lung injury (PNEU and/or ARDS) showed some decrease in the lavageable PL pool, a reduced LSA content in BALF, and a manifold increase in alveolar protein load. Marked changes in the PL profile were noted throughout the groups (a decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an increase in phosphatidylinositol [PI] and sphingomyelin [SPH]). Concentrations of SP-A but not of SP-B in BALF were reduced. Minimum surface-tension values approached 0 mN/m in controls, and ranged from 10 to 25 mN/m in the absence of supernatant protein and from 20 to 35 mN/m in recombination with leaked protein in the groups with ARDS and/or PNEU. Abnormalities in alveolar PNEU surpassed those in bronchial PNEU, and interstitial PNEU presented a distinct pattern with extensive metabolic changes. All surfactant changes were absent in CLE except for a slight inhibition of surface activity by proteins. We conclude that pronounced surfactant abnormalities, comparable to those in ARDS in the absence of lung infection, occur in different entities of severe PNEU, but not in CLE.
Mammalian Sarcoma-Leukemia Viruses. I. Infection of Feline, Bovine, and Human Cell Cultures With Snyder-Theilen Feline Sarcoma Virus (1974)

Journal Article Mammalian Sarcoma-Leukemia Viruses. I. Infection of Feline, Bovine, and Human Cell Cultures With Snyder-Theilen Feline Sarcoma Virus Get access Emerson W. Chan, Emerson W. Chan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pauline E. Schiop-Stansly, Pauline E. Schiop-Stansly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy E. O'Connor Timothy E. O'Connor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 473–481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.473 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 06 August 1973 Accepted: 19 October 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
Gate-controlled ZnO nanowires for field-emission device application (2006)

Gate-controlled field-emission devices have great promise for a number of applications such as bright electron source or flat display array. The gate-controlled ZnO nanowire (NW) field-emission device was fabricated using lift-off fabrication process to synthesize side-gate control in the present investigation. This device effectively controls the turn-on electron beams and switches the drain current (Id) under a threshold gate voltage (VT) of ∼35V. In the meantime, the current density of the device is ∼1mA∕cm2 that is similar to carbon nanotube (CNT) field-emission level with a potential for the design of field-emission display (FED) devices. Furthermore, when the gate voltage (Vg) is equal to 0V, the turn-on electric field (Eto) for ZnO NWs is ∼0.8V∕μm and the effective-field-enhancement factor β is ∼7000. As Vg is increased to 10, 20, 30, and 40V, the Eto lowers to the range of∼0.8–0.6V∕μm and the β value increases to ∼7600–17800. The continuous increases in Vg lowers the turn-on electric field because the local electric field (Elocal) generated induces an extra force that enhances electron emission from the ZnO NWs. Besides, the transconductance (gm) value can approach 0.388mS while the Vg is increased to 44.5V. The devices have well-controlled behavior and exhibit better Fowler-Nordheim characteristic in comparison with classic CNT field-emission devices. The gated ZnO NW array has a good opportunity to be applied to FED devices and be integrated to the semiconductor industry in the future.
Effect of intra-abdominal pressure on abdominal wall blood flow. (1992)

Adverse effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on cardiac, pulmonary, and renal function have been well described. Abdominal wound healing complications seen in the massively injured patient may also be associated with IAP. The effects of IAP on abdominal wall blood flow, however, have not been documented. This study examines rectus sheath (RS) blood flow in a porcine model of increased IAP. Seven domestic swine were anesthetized with pentobarbital and maintained with isoflurane. Swan-Ganz and femoral arterial catheters were placed for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). A midline incision was performed for placement of laser flow probe on the RS and for placement of catheters to raise and measure IAP. Intra-abdominal pressure was then increased by installation of lactated ringers (LRs) into the peritoneum. Mean arterial pressure was maintained throughout the procedure with intravenous LR. Hemodynamics and RS blood flow data were obtained at baseline, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg IAP. Analysis of data was done by paired t-test with level of significance at P less than 0.05 and linear regression. Rectus sheath blood flow was significantly reduced at all pressure levels when compared to baseline and negatively correlated (r = -0.82) with increasing IAP. Since indices of systemic perfusion were maintained with increasing IAP, the decreased RS blood flow is most likely due to increased compartmental pressure within the abdomen.
Abatacept, a Novel CD80/86–CD28 T Cell Co‐stimulation Modulator, in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with major articular manifestations. While its aetiology still remains to be resolved, our understanding on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has become clearer during two decades enlightening the role of adaptative immunity in the development of the symptoms and signs as well as in the progression of the pathological articular changes taking place in inadequately controlled disease. T lymphocytes are considered to be an important cell type in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through production of proinflammatory cytokines, promotion of formation of ectopic lymphoid structures and neovascularization in synovial tissue, promotion autoantibody production by B cells, and activation of synoviocytes and osteoclasts. Abatacept, a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein, represents a new therapeutic approach in rheumatoid arthritis. Abatacept attenuates T cell activation as it regulates the activation of T cells by inhibiting the CD80/86:CD28 co-stimulatory pathway that is required for the proper T cell activation. This MiniReview gives an overview on the mechanism of action of abatacept and summarizes the published clinical data on abatacept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
“Fluidic batteries” as low-cost sources of power in paper-based microfluidic devices (2012)

This communication describes the first paper-based microfluidic device that is capable of generating its own power when a sample is added to the device. The microfluidic device contains galvanic cells (that we term "fluidic batteries") integrated directly into the microfluidic channels, which provides a direct link between a power source and an analytical function within the device. This capability is demonstrated using an example device that simultaneously powers a surface-mount UV LED and conducts an on-chip fluorescence assay.
Efficiently structured CDMA receiver with near–far immunity (1995)

A Gaussian code division multiple access (CDMA) channel is shared by K active users who transmit asynchronously with BPSK modulation by independent binary data streams. A conventional direct sequence CDMA receiver has only limited capability for suppressing cochannel multiple user interference (MUI) from the K – 1 other CDMA signals while attempting to receive and demodulate each CDMA signal. A new and efficient feedback receiver structure is described for coherent demodulation of the K asynchronous CDMA signals. By incorporating adaptive cancellation of the cochannel MU1 in a feedback structure, the new design offers the following advantages: protection of the receiver's synchronization loops as well as its data demodulators against MUI; lower bit error rate (BER) than the conventional receiver for equal-strength as well as near-far MUI; and implementation simplicity close to that of the conventional CDMA receiver. It is shown that all the CDMA signals are canceled to a common level determined by N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , the one-sided power spectral density of the input AWGN; the bandwidth spreading ratio N; and K. The BER for any signal may be computed as if the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at its matched filter input were multiplied by the factor (6N/π)(1.5N + 1 – K) for K ≤ 1.5N. Computer simulations corroborate this result. A straightforward enhancement to the receiver structure is shown to allow it to overcome the deleterious affects of multipath propagation.
3D imaging with axially distributed sensing (2009)

A new (to our knowledge) multiperspective 3D imaging architecture is proposed that uses imagers distributed along a common optical axis. In this axially distributed sensing method, either a single imager is translated along its optical axis or objects are moved parallel to the optical axis of a single imager. The 3D information collection capability of the proposed architecture is analyzed and a computational 3D reconstruction algorithm based on ray back-projection is proposed. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the collection capacity of this architecture is not uniform over the field of view. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed approach. We believe this is the first report on 3D sensing and imaging with axially distributed sensing.
Aprotinin: A Pharmacologic Overview (2004)

Aprotinin is a polypeptide with serine protease inhibitory activity of key enzymes associated with inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and hemostatic pathways. The drug binds directly to the fibrinolytic plasmin at the lower plasmin-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, 137 KIU/mL), and the inflammatory mediator, kallikrein, using the higher kallikrein-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, >250 KIU/mL). Aprotinin inhibits platelet glycoprotein loss (GpIb and GpIIb/IIIa receptors) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and has been described as platelet sparing. Current literature supports direct anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of neutrophil activation, attachment, and transmigration, with resultant blunting in the rise of proinflammatory cytokine levels and deleterious tissue damaging enzymes. The pharmacologic properties of aprotinin may lead clinicians to consider this therapy for use as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in surgeries beyond its established use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.