gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence mounts for the role of gap junctions during development (1988)

Abstract While evidence for the role of gap functions, particularly during development, has been mounting, it has remained largely correlative, linking structure with presumed functions. With the recent advent of functional antibodies raised to the junctional protein, however, it has become possible to study the role of gap junctions more directly. There is now considerable evidence indicating that they play a vital role in tissue pattern formation and differentiation by allowing direct cell‐to‐cell transfer of developmental signals or morphogens.
[Genes involved in breast cancers]. (2006)

Specific abnormalities in cancers are the best molecular targets of therapeutics, which is exemplified by trastuzumab. ERBB2 amplification is present in 15-30% of invasive ductal carcinomas, and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. c-MYC amplification is present in 13-19%, but other forms of oncogene activation are rare. Germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for familial breast cancers. Their somatic mutations in sporadic breast cancers are rare, but chromosomal losses are frequent. Inactivation of BRCA1 by its promoter methylation is also frequent. p53 mutations are present in 20-25% of sporadic breast cancers, and inactivation of its pathway is present in most of them. Further molecular analysis will reveal new targets for diagnosis and therapeutics.
Tethered particle motion mediated by scattering from gold nanoparticles and darkfield microscopy (2009)

We measured light scattered from gold nanoparticles with darkfield microscopy in order to perform single molecule detection based on tethered particle motion (TPM). This combination results in a signal to noise ratio of about 40 dB, which allowed us to use 80 nm diameter gold particles as reporters instead of the typically used polystyrene particles whose sizes are up to 1 µm. The particle size is crucial in TPM experiments as it can induce a volume-exclusion effect, which results in a stretching force acting on the DNA tether. This affects both the biophysical and statistical properties of the anchored DNA and hence the interpretation of the experimental data. We demonstrated that the gold nanoparticles and darkfield microscopy can be used to characterize the confined Brownian motion of dsDNA-tethered gold particles with a spatial precision of 3 nm. Physical parameters such as the spring constant of the tethered DNA fragment and the persistence length can be derived from the two dimensional (2D) (x, y) projected image data. We have applied this method to various MgCl2 and glycerol concentrations as a proof of principle.
The Role of Computerized Rheoencephalography in the Assessment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (2005)

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between arterial compliance derived from rheoencephalography (REG), and the slope of the regression line between pulse amplitude and mean ICP (AMP/P) recorded during a lumbar infusion study. A hypothetical link between these two variables has been suggested in the past. Resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (R(out)) and the slope of the amplitude pressure regression line (AMP/P) were calculated in 62 patients diagnosed with posttraumatic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In all patients, the changes in cerebral electrical impedance related to the pulsatile component of blood flow were studied noninvasively using computerized rheoencephalography. We classified the REG pulse-related waveform (REGpw) according to the number of the inflection points in the ascending branch, which are a manifestation of the elastic properties of the small arteries. In normal subjects, REGpw corresponded with only one inflection point in the ascending branch (category I). For the purpose of this study, we assumed that the presence of three or greater number of inflection points was characteristic of the regressive changes of the arterial wall (category II). The slope of the AMP/P in patients with the category I REGpw was significantly lower than that in patients with category II (p < 0.05). The association between REGpw category II and the increased slope of the aAMP/P regression line may be related to the transmission of the pulse pressure waveform arterial wall to the CSF compartment, which in turn depends on the elastic properties of the cerebral arteries. The outcome of shunting in patients with REGpw category I was significantly better than that in patients with category II, suggesting that small artery disease may be linked to worse clinical outcomes. Our study indicates that REG examination has potential clinical value in diagnosis and prognosis of NPH.
Basic proteins of the perinuclear theca of mammalian spermatozoa and spermatids: a novel class of cytoskeletal elements. (1987)

The nuclei of bovine spermatids and spermatozoa are surrounded by dense cytoplasmic webs sandwiched between the nuclear envelope and the acrosome and plasma membrane, respectively, filling most of the cytoplasmic space of the sperm head. This web contains a complex structure, the perinuclear theca, which is characterized by resistance to extractions in nondenaturing detergents and high salt buffers, and can be divided into two major subcomponents, the subacrosomal layer and the postacrosomal calyx. Using calyces isolated from bull and rat spermatozoa we have identified two kinds of basic proteins as major constituents of the thecal structure and have localized them by specific antibodies at the light and electron microscopic level. These are an Mr 60,000 protein, termed calicin, localized almost exclusively to the calyx, and a group of multiple-band polypeptides (MBP; Mr 56,000-74,000), which occur in both the calyx and the subacrosomal layer. The polypeptides of the MBP group are immunologically related to each other, but unrelated, by antibody reactions and peptide maps, to calicin. We show that these basic cytoskeletal proteins are first detectable in the round spermatid stage. As we have not detected any intermediate filament proteins and proteins related to nuclear lamins of somatic cells in sperm heads, we conclude that the perinuclear theca and its constituents, calicin and MBP proteins, are the predominant cytoskeletal elements of the sperm head. Immunologically cross-reacting polypeptides with similar properties have been identified in the heads of rat and human spermatozoa. We speculate that these insoluble basic proteins contribute, during spermiogenesis, to the formation of the perinuclear theca as an architectural element involved in the shape changes and the intimate association of the nucleus with the acrosome and the plasma membrane.
A system for finding a 3D target without a 3D image (2008)

We present here a framework for a system that tracks one or more 3D anatomical targets without the need for a preoperative 3D image. Multiple 2D projection images are taken using a tracked, calibrated fluoroscope. The user manually locates each target on each of the fluoroscopic views. A least-squares minimization algorithm triangulates the best-fit position of each target in the 3D space of the tracking system: using the known projection matrices from 3D space into image space, we use matrix minimization to find the 3D position that projects closest to the located target positions in the 2D images. A tracked endoscope, whose projection geometry has been pre-calibrated, is then introduced to the operating field. Because the position of the targets in the tracking space is known, a rendering of the targets may be projected onto the endoscope view, thus allowing the endoscope to be easily brought into the target vicinity even when the endoscope field of view is blocked, e.g. by blood or tissue. An example application for such a device is trauma surgery, e.g., removal of a foreign object. Time, scheduling considerations and concern about excessive radiation exposure may prohibit the acquisition of a 3D image, such as a CT scan, which is required for traditional image guidance systems; it is however advantageous to have 3D information about the target locations available, which is not possible using fluoroscopic guidance alone.
Lysosomal degradation of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein microinjected into the cytosol of human fibroblasts. (1985)

We have analyzed the subcellular localization of 125I-labeled ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein (residues 21-124) after erythrocyte-mediated microinjection into confluent cultures of IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts. Microinjected cells were fractionated by two consecutive Percoll gradients, and the distribution of radioactive ribonuclease A and S-protein was compared to patterns for known enzyme markers. Ribonuclease A is localized in the cytosol immediately after microinjection, but thereafter a portion of the microinjected enzyme is associated with lysosomes. We obtained similar results for ribonuclease S-protein except extensive association with a nonlysosomal intracellular structure is also evident. The effects of ammonium chloride on proteolysis indicate that ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein are degraded at least in part by lysosomal pathways. Degradation of long-lived cellular proteins is inhibited by 17% in the presence of serum and by 35% in the absence of serum. The effects of ammonium chloride on catabolism of microinjected proteins are more variable. Inhibition in the presence and absence of serum ranged between 43 and 64% for both ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein. To quantitatively assess the role of lysosomal and cytosolic pathways in the degradation of microinjected proteins, we have tagged proteins with the inert trisaccharide, [3H] raffinose. The radioactive degradation products of such proteins are completely retained within lysosomes since the lysosomal membrane is impermeable to [3H] raffinose coupled to lysine or small peptides. These studies show that ribonuclease A and S-protein are degraded almost entirely by lysosomes while bovine serum albumin is degraded principally in the cytosol. A mixture of rat liver cytosolic proteins is degraded approximately 60% in the cytosol and 40% by lysosomes confirming that both lysosomal and nonlysosomal pathways of proteolysis are important in confluent human fibroblasts.
Central Counterparties Resolution-An Unresolved Problem (2018)

Recovery and resolution regimes are being developed for central counterparties (CCPs). We analyse current resolution tools in the context of policy, which is to restore the critical functions of a failed CCP. We conclude that the toolkit is insufficient to avoid the costs of resolution being borne by taxpayers, and propose alternative policy suggestions for addressing the problem of a failed CCP.
Clinical trials using autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood-derived progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (2005)

This paper discusses the current data concerning the results of major clinical trials using bone marrow-derived and peripheral blood-derived stem/progenitor cells in treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. In all major trials (TOPCARE-AMI, BOOST), the primary outcome measure was increase in left ventricular systolic function (LVEF) and left ventricle remodeling. The most consistent finding is the significant increase in LVEF. Some trials suggest also reduction of left ventricular remodeling. Although the absolute LVEF increase is small (6-9%), it may substantially contribute to the improvement of global LV contractility. None of the studies in AMI patients treated with intracoronary infusion of progenitor cells revealed excess risk of arrythmia, restenosis or other adverse effects attributable to the therapy. The exact mechanism of improved myocardial contractile function remains unknown, however, there are several possible explanations: therapeutic angiogenesis improving the blood supply to the infarct border zone, paracrine modulation of myocardial fibrosis and remodeling (e.g. inhibition of myocyte apoptosis) and transdifferentiation of stem/progenitor cells into functional cardiomyocytes. No study showed the superiority of the particular subpopulation of autologous progenitor cells in terms of left ventricular function improvement in AMI. In fact, most of the clinical trials used the whole population of mononuclear bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, peripheral blood derived progenitor cells (endothelial progenitors).
Therapeutic assessment of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists compared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors as potential antidiabetic drugs (2005)

The most prevalent form of diabetes is non-insulin-dependent or Type 2 diabetes. Innovative strategies to enhance insulin secretion and thereby improve glucose tolerance in patients with this type of diabetes are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation. These therapies include the applications of incretin hormones; gut hormones released postprandially that stimulate insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Because incretin actions are rapidly terminated by N-terminal cleavage of these peptide hormones by the amino-peptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, CD26), the utility of DPP IV inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes is also under investigation. This review compares the therapeutic potential and possible side effects of metabolically stable analogues/peptide agonists of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the application of DPP IV inhibitors that reduce the rate of endogenous degradation of GLP-1 and other incretins. GLP-1 analogues have been shown to be highly efficacious in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, with minimal side effects. Of particular importance is the fact that they do not induce hypoglycaemia. However, they are currently available only in an injectable form. In contrast, DPP IV inhibitors have the clear advantage of oral application resulting in better patient compliance. Furthermore, they also potentiate the actions of other incretins normally degraded by the action of DPP IV. However, they possess more potential side effects. Taken together, both approaches offer promising new drugs for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
On State Synchronization of Business Conversations (2006)

The paper assumes that business interactions between trading partners are composed of well defined conversations (tasks), such as issue a purchase order, process payment, refund money, cancel purchase order, etc. Using RosettaNet partner interface processes (PIPs) as an example of these conversations, the paper discusses a method that guarantees that trading partners have a mutually consistent view of the state of business interactions despite encountering software and hardware related problems (e.g., clock skews, unpredictable transmission delays, message loss etc.). The paper develops centralized as well as distributed execution models and outlines the middleware functionality required for maintaining consistency
Simplified Preformed Chelate Protein Radiolabeling with Technetium-99m Mercaptoacetamidoadipoylglycylglycine (N3S-Adipate) (1998)

A simplified kiet has been developed for 99mTc protein radiolabeling using an N3S triamide mercaptide bifunctional chelating agent and the preformed chelate approach. The process combined N3S chelating agent, gluconate intermediate transfer agent, stannous reducing agent, and gentisic acid stabilizer into a lyophilized formulation. With sulfur donor atom hemithioacetal protection of the ligand, delta-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenyl alpha-S-(1-ethoxyethyl)mercaptoacetamido-L-adipoylglycylglycine , optimum 99mTc chelation was achieved in a single step. Subsequent reaction with NR-LU-10 antibody Fab fragment followed by purification via QAE Sephadex anion exchange resin filter afforded 99mTc-N3S-NR-LU-10 Fab conjugate with retained immunoreactivity and effective tumor targeting properties.
Revisiting Haptic Issues for Virtual Manipulation (1996)

In HF patients with left ventricular dysfunction and secondary pulmonary hypertension, bosentan did not provide any measurable hemodynamic benefit, and was associated with more frequent AEs, requiring drug discontinuation.
iEMS for large scale charging of electric vehicles: Architecture and optimal online scheduling (2012)

The problem of large scale charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered. An architecture for the energy management system (EMS) is proposed based on the concept of network switched charging where chargers are controlled by a scheduler that optimizes the overall operating profit of the service provider. It is assumed that the EMS has access to collocated renewable sources (e.g. solar power) and can supplement the renewable with purchased electricity from the grid. The renewable source may vary arbitrarily, and requests of all EVs accepted for service must be completed by their respective deadlines. Under a deterministic model for arbitrary arrivals, charging requests, and service deadlines, online scheduling of EV charging is formulated as a multi-processor deadline scheduling problem for which the optimal scheduler maximizes the competitive ratio against the best offline scheduler. An online scheduling algorithm, referred to as TAGS, is proposed based on the principle of threshold admission and greedy scheduling. TAGS has the complexity of O(n log n) where n is the number of EVs in the facility. It is shown that, when the price offered to the EV customers is higher than the purchasing price of electricity from the grid, TAGS achieves the competitive ratio of 1. Otherwise, TAGS achieves the maximum competitive ratio given by the inverse of a real root of a certain polynomial. Simulations are used to evaluate the performance of TAGS against standard benchmarks and for the setting of optimal charging price.
Ki-67 and CD100 immunohistochemical expression is associated with local recurrence and poor prognosis in soft tissue sarcomas, respectively (2013)

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors of >50 subtypes. However, STSs represent <1% of types of cancer. Despite this low frequency, the disease is aggressive and treatment, when possible, is based on traditional chemotherapies. A number of cases of resistance to adjuvant therapies have been reported. Metastases are commonly identified in STS patients during diagnosis and the development of effective clinical parameters is crucial for correct management of the disease. The use of biological markers in cancer is a useful tool to determine patient prognosis. Ki-67 is a protein marker for proliferation of somatic cells and is widely used in prognostic studies of various types of tumor, including STSs. Cluster of differentiation 100 (CD100) is a member of the semaphorin family. The family was initially described as axon guidance molecules important for angiogenesis, organogenesis, apoptosis and neoplasia. CD100 was previously utilized as a prognostic factor in tumors and also in STSs. In the present study, protein expression of Ki-67 and CD100 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in samples of STS patients of the Barretos Cancer Hospital (Barretos, Brazil) to establish prognostic criteria of the disease. Results demonstrate a correlation between CD100 expression and poor prognosis, consistent with a previous study. Moreover, the expression of Ki-67 was identified to correlate with presence of local or locoregional recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, no large casuistic study has revealed this correlation between Ki-67 and local recurrence in STSs. The use of Ki-67 and CD100 as markers in clinical pathological analysis may be suitable as a prognostic criterion in disease progression.
Market trends toward enhanced control of electronic power systems (2002)

Telecommunications and data processing systems are growing in complexity and more functionality is being demanded of the embedded power system for these products as well. These trends toward enhanced control are discussed, and the impact on both the system developer and the power system provider is explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Role of the TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion in Prostate Cancer (2008)

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions are the predominant molecular subtype of prostate cancer. Here, we explored the role of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion product using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Transgenic mice expressing the ERG gene fusion product under androgen-regulation develop mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a precursor lesion of prostate cancer. Introduction of the ERG gene fusion product into primary or immortalized benign prostate epithelial cells induced an invasion-associated transcriptional program but did not increase cellular proliferation or anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest that TMPRSS2-ERG may not be sufficient for transformation in the absence of secondary molecular lesions. Transcriptional profiling of ERG knockdown in the TMPPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancer cell line VCaP revealed decreased expression of genes over-expressed in prostate cancer versus PIN and genes overexpressed in ETS-positive versus -negative prostate cancers in addition to inhibiting invasion. ERG knockdown in VCaP cells also induced a transcriptional program consistent with prostate differentiation. Importantly, VCaP cells and benign prostate cells overexpressing ERG directly engage components of the plasminogen activation pathway to mediate cellular invasion, potentially representing a downstream ETS target susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Our results support previous work suggesting that TMPRSS2-ERG fusions mediate invasion, consistent with the defining histologic distinction between PIN and prostate cancer.
Wireless Sensor Network for Wearable Physiological Monitoring (2008)

Wearable physiological monitoring system consists of an array of sensors embedded into the fabric of the wearer to continuously monitor the physiological parameters and transmit wireless to a remote monitoring station. At the remote monitoring station the data is correlated to study the overall health status of the wearer. In the conventional wearable physiological monitoring system, the sensors are integrated at specific locations on the vest and are interconnected to the wearable data acquisition hardware by wires woven into the fabric. The drawbacks associated with these systems are the cables woven in the fabric pickup noise such as power line interference and signals from nearby radiating sources and thereby corrupting the physiological signals. Also repositioning the sensors in the fabric is difficult once integrated. The problems can be overcome by the use of physiological sensors with miniaturized electronics to condition, process, digitize and wireless transmission integrated into the single module. These sensors are strategically placed at various locations on the vest. Number of sensors integrated into the fabric form a network (Personal Area Network) and interacts with the human system to acquire and transmit the physiological data to a wearable data acquisition system. The wearable data acquisition hardware collects the data from various sensors and transmits the processed data to the remote monitoring station. The paper discusses wireless sensor network and its application to wearable physiological monitoring and its applications. Also the problems associated with conventional wearable physiological monitoring are discussed.
Unexpected Formation of 3-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines during Tosylation of N,N-dibenzylaminols (1999)

An efficient new entry toward the construction of 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines from N,N-dibenzyl-α-aminols is reported via intramolecular Friedel−Crafts cyclization of in situ generated tosylate intermediate.