gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Human Angiogenin by DNA Aptamers:  Nuclear Colocalization of an Angiogenin−Inhibitor Complex (1998)

Specific ligands (aptamers) for angiogenin were selected from a 72-mer oligodeoxynucleotide library consisting of 28 randomized positions flanked by two constant regions of 22 residues each. From a starting pool of approximately 10(14) molecules, 19 angiogenin-binding ligands were obtained. Among them, two oligonucleotides showed significant inhibition of the ribonucleolytic activity of angiogenin with apparent Kis of 0.65 and 0.60 micro M, respectively. One of them was shortened on the basis of its secondary structure to provide a 45-mer oligonucleotide that retained much of the inhibitory properties of the parent molecule. It inhibits both the angiogenic and cell proliferative activities of angiogenin but does not interfere with its nuclear translocation in human endothelial cells. Importantly, the inhibitor is cotranslocated to the nucleus with angiogenin in a approximately 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis by the oligonucleotide is due to suppression of the ribonucleolytic activity of angiogenin, an event that occurs most likely within the cell nucleus.
Performance aspects of WCDMA systems with high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) (2003)

In this paper, we consider the link and network layer performance aspects of a WCDMA/UTRA system with high speed downlink packet access. The study considers packet scheduling and the tradeoff among user fairness and cell throughput. We show performance numbers for different network setups and study the applicability of proportional scheduling methods. Even with conservative system and traffic settings, the best effort methods produce high user data rates and cell throughput.
Imaging of the traumatized cervical spine (1996)

Log in or Register Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Orthopaedic PracticeCurrent Opinion in Orthopaedics (1999-2007)Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007) Published Ahead-of-PrintCOP eNewsMy CollectionsJournal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardInformation for AuthorsAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Guidelines for Mobile Emotion Measurement (2009)

Mobile emotion measurement (MEM) through physiological signals is a promising tool for both experiments and application. We provide 1) an overview of unobtrusive physiological sensors and 2) a review of studies that have tried to infer emotions from physiological signals. This review shows that there is a lack of general standards, low accuracy, and a doubtful validity of the results. To overcome these problems, we provide three guidelines for future research on MEM: validation, triangulation, and a physiology-driven approach. These guidelines enable the embedding of MEM in various professional and consumer settings, as a key factor in our every day life.
Current Policies and Priorities in Soviet Education (1974)

This month, Soviet Education contains five articles reflecting current policies for the development of schools and higher education in the Soviet Union. The first two deal with Soviet primary and secondary schools, which enroll more than fifty million boys and girls, aged seven to seventeen; and the last three, with institutes and universities, which enroll almost twelve million young people and adults.
RNAi‐mediated silencing of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) enhances tamoxifen‐induced cell death in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells (2006)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a major downstream signaling protein for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors, conveying signals to PI-3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. In breast cancer, IRS-1 overexpression has been associated with tumor development, hormone-independence and antiestrogen-resistance. In part, these effects are related to potentiation of IRS-1/PI-3K/Akt signaling. In estrogen sensitive breast cancer cell lines, tamoxifen treatment reduces IRS-1 expression and function; consequently, inhibiting IRS-1/PI-3K signaling. We tested whether anti-IRS1 siRNA could inhibit growth and survival of estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, when used alone or in combination with TAM. Our results indicated: (a) out of four tested anti-IRS1 siRNAs, two siRNAs reduced IRS-1 protein by approximately three-fold in both growing and IGF-I-stimulated cells without affecting a closely related protein, IRS-2; (b) these effects paralleled IRS1 mRNA downregulation by approximately three-fold, measured by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction; (c) action of anti-IRS1 siRNAs induced the apoptotic response, observed by altered mitochondrial membrane potential coupled with downregulation of NF-kappaB target Bcl-xL and reduced cell viability; (d) anti-IRS1 siRNA treatment enhanced the cytotoxic effects of TAM by approximately 20%. In summary, anti-IRS1 RNAi strategy could become a potent tool to induce breast cancer cell death, especially if combined with standard TAM therapy.
A Compact Virtual-Source Model for Carbon Nanotube FETs in the Sub-10-nm Regime—Part I: Intrinsic Elements (2015)

We present a data-calibrated compact model of carbon nanotube (CNT) FETs (CNTFETs) based on the virtual-source (VS) approach, describing the intrinsic current-voltage and charge-voltage characteristics. The features of the model include: 1) carrier VS velocity extracted from experimental devices with gate lengths down to 15 nm; 2) carrier effective mobility and velocity depending on the CNT diameter; 3) short channel effect such as inverse subthreshold slope degradation and drain-induced barrier lowering depending on the device dimensions; and 4) small-signal capacitances including the CNT quantum capacitance effect to account for the decreasing gate capacitance at high gate bias. The CNTFET model captures the dimensional scaling effects and is suitable for technology benchmarking and performance projection at the sub-10-nm technology nodes.
The Cassava Genome: Current Progress, Future Directions (2012)

The starchy swollen roots of cassava provide an essential food source for nearly a billion people, as well as possibilities for bioenergy, yet improvements to nutritional content and resistance to threatening diseases are currently impeded. A 454-based whole genome shotgun sequence has been assembled, which covers 69% of the predicted genome size and 96% of protein-coding gene space, with genome finishing underway. The predicted 30,666 genes and 3,485 alternate splice forms are supported by 1.4 M expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Maps based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)-, and EST-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) already exist. Thanks to the genome sequence, a high-density linkage map is currently being developed from a cross between two diverse cassava cultivars: one susceptible to cassava brown streak disease; the other resistant. An efficient genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach is being developed to catalog SNPs both within the mapping population and among diverse African farmer-preferred varieties of cassava. These resources will accelerate marker-assisted breeding programs, allowing improvements in disease-resistance and nutrition, and will help us understand the genetic basis for disease resistance.
Biomaterial-centered sepsis and the total artificial heart. Microbial adhesion vs tissue integration (1988)

The principal barrier to the extended use of the total artificial heart is infection that is centered on the biomaterial constituting the prosthetic device and exacerbated by the surrounding damaged tissue. Ultrastructural studies of total artificial hearts removed from two patients indicate a failure of true tissue integration and diffuse, adhesive bacterial colonization of biomaterial surfaces. Biomaterials are, in part, susceptible to infection because, at the present state of the art, they are usually not well integrated with host tissue or, if hemodynamic, not optimally biocompatible or antiadhesive. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:870-874)
Classification of Pseudomonas diminuta Leifson and Hugh 1954 and Pseudomonas vesicularis Busing, Doll, and Freytag 1953 in Brevundimonas gen. nov. as Brevundimonas diminuta comb. nov. and Brevundimonas vesicularis comb. nov., Respectively (1994)

The taxonomic positions of strains previously assigned to Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas vesicularis were investigated by a polyphasic approach. The results of DNA-rRNA hybridization studies indicated that these two species belong to a separate genus in the alpha subclass (rRNA superfamily IV) of the Proteobacteria, for which the name Brevundimonas is proposed. Genus delineation and species delineation were determined by comparing the results of numerical analyses of whole-cell protein patterns, fatty acid compositions, and phenotypic characteristics and by measuring DNA base ratios and degrees of DNA relatedness. Taxonomic characteristics of Brevundimonas diminuta and Brevundimonas vesicularis strains were compared with characteristics of reference strains belonging to the following phylogenetically related taxa: a group of organisms gathered in Enevold Falsen group 21, the genera Sphingomonas and Rhizomonas, and the generically misclassified organisms [Pseudomonas] echinoides and "[Pseudomonas] riboflavina."
Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis and Toxigenicity of Cyanobacteria (1999)

Nonribosomal peptide synthesis is achieved in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes by the thiotemplate function of large, modular enzyme complexes known collectively as peptide synthetases. These and other multifunctional enzyme complexes, such as polyketide synthases, are of interest due to their use in unnatural-product or combinatorial biosynthesis (R. McDaniel, S. Ebert-Khosla, D. A. Hopwood, and C. Khosla, Science 262:1546-1557, 1993; T. Stachelhaus, A. Schneider, and M. A. Marahiel, Science 269:69-72, 1995). Most nonribosomal peptides from microorganisms are classified as secondary metabolites; that is, they rarely have a role in primary metabolism, growth, or reproduction but have evolved to somehow benefit the producing organisms. Cyanobacteria produce a myriad array of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, polyketides, and nonribosomal peptides, some of which are potent toxins. This paper addresses the molecular genetic basis of nonribosomal peptide synthesis in diverse species of cyanobacteria. Amplification of peptide synthetase genes was achieved by use of degenerate primers directed to conserved functional motifs of these modular enzyme complexes. Specific detection of the gene cluster encoding the biosynthetic pathway of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin was shown for both cultured and uncultured samples. Blot hybridizations, DNA amplifications, sequencing, and evolutionary analysis revealed a broad distribution of peptide synthetase gene orthologues in cyanobacteria. The results demonstrate a molecular approach to assessing preexpression microbial functional diversity in uncultured cyanobacteria. The nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic pathways detected may lead to the discovery and engineering of novel antibiotics, immunosuppressants, or antiviral agents.
Adaptive multicast routing in single rate loss networks (2002)

Propose a new approach, based on the maximum free circuit routing (MFCR) concept, toward multicast routing in single rate loss networks. Two versions of the multicast routing problems are studied: static and dynamic. In the static version of the multicast routing problem, the identities of all destination nodes are available to the multicast routing algorithm at once. Conversely, in the dynamic version of the multicast problem, the identities of the destination nodes are revealed to the routing algorithm one by one. The authors studied three MFCR-based multicast routing algorithms: one for the static multicast problem and two for the dynamic multicast problem. They also propose a new performance metric, referred to as fractional reward loss, for evaluating these three multicast routing algorithms. The performance of there three multicast routing algorithms are evaluated through simulations.
Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy (1999)

1. Quick Start Paraffin Embedding Paraffin Embedding - Microwave method Glycol methacrylate embedding Butyl/methyl methacrylate embedding Steedman's wax embedding Chromosome squashes Hematoxylin staining - microwave technique Kohler illumination 2. Microscopy History of the compound microscope Principles of specimen illumination 3. Chemical Fixation of Tissues The quality of fixation The mechanics of fixation Coagulating Fixatives Crosslinking Agents Other fixation methods Recommendations for fixing plant tissues 4. Tissue Dehydration General protocol Dehydration using a graded dehydration series Dehydration using chemical agents 5. Infiltrating Tissues Paraffin infiltrating Paraffin and PEG Embedding Polyethylene glycol and derivatives Plastic infiltrating 6. Sectioning and Mounting Mounting blocks to microtome stubs The quality of sectioning The microtome knife Setting up the microtome Sectioning Methods Mounting sections to glass slides 7. Staining Dye Chemistry Staining equipment General histological staining Other microtechniques stains and protocols Mounting the coverslip Coverslip mounting media 8. Alternate Methods of Microtomy Free-hand Sections Vibratome Cryostat Sliding microtome 9. Special Methods Clearing tissues with NaOH and chloral hydrate Clearing tissues without removing cytoplasmic components Macerating woody tissues Macerating non-woody tissues Bleaching tissues Preserving color in whole mounted specimens 10. Problem Solving Tissue collection Fixation Tannins Hard materials Sliding microtome Clearing Dehydration, Infiltration, and Embedding Microtomy Hand sections Staining 11. Histochemistry and Cytochemistry The relationship of the probe to the target Cytochemical localization of cell components Cytochemical localization of enzymes Cytochemical Fluorescence Microscopy 12. Localization of Molecular Targets Immunolocalization Tissue Printing in situ hybridization APPENDIX I: TOXICS APPENDIX II: BUFFERS APPENDIX III: COMMON CALCULATIONS APPENDIX IV: MERCURY ARC LAMP APPENDIX V: MANUFACTURERS AND VENDORS APPENDIX VI: OPTICS Properties of Light General lens optics The microscope objective The microscope eyepiece The condensor Fluorescence microscopy Microscopy light sources BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Applications of electrostatic stretch-and-positioning of DNA (1995)

The authors have previously reported that the electrostatic orientation and the dielectrophoresis (DEP) of DNA occur under /spl ap/1 MHz, >1/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/m field, by which DNA strands are stretched straight along field lines and positioned onto electrode edges. This paper presents some application of this stretch-and-positioning method to genetic engineering. It is shown that the DNA size distribution, as well as the activities of nuclease, can be determined by the measurement of the apparent length of stretched DNA. Several methods are developed to immobilize stretched DNA onto a substrate, including: (1) immobilization onto a conducting substrate for observations with the scanning tunneling microscopy, (2) anchoring onto a substrate only at both ends of the DNA using special electrode configuration, and/or molecular binding between avidin and biotin. The DNA can be held without contact to the substrate in the latter method, so that it does not cause steric hindrances to the DNA-binding enzymes. A novel fluid integrated circuit (FIC) device is proposed in which stretched DNA is cut by laser beam for the successive sequencing. A method to obtain unidirectionally oriented DNA is developed. The spatial resolution, and the small number of molecules required, are the advantages of the assays and measurements using electrostatic DNA manipulations over conventional biochemical methods. It is hoped that the methods may open a way to a novel category of "molecular biochemistry with spatial resolution.".< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physiology of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Treatments (2018)

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and is a multifactorial disease typically characterized by hyperuricemia and monosodium urate crystal deposition predominantly in, but not limited to, the joints and the urinary tract. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia has increased in developed countries over the past two decades and research into the area has become progressively more active. We review the current field of knowledge with emphasis on active areas of hyperuricemia research including the underlying physiology, genetics and epidemiology, with a focus on studies which suggest association of hyperuricemia with common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Finally, we discuss current therapies and emerging drug discovery efforts aimed at delivering an optimized clinical treatment strategy.
Mastering Java 2 (1998)

From the Publisher:
Mastering Java 1.2 provides the most in-depth coverage of JDK 1.2, enabling you to take immediate advantage of the many new and improved features of the latest standard from Sun. Inside, you'll find ample discussion of the basics - with everything that makes Java ideal for simple desktop and Internet applications. Experienced Java programmers will benefit most from the detailed coverage of what's new, including the many capabilities that make Java 1.2 ready for true enterprise development.
Data retention, endurance and acceleration factors of NROM devices (2003)

Reliability studies of Saifun NROM devices are presented. Data retention characteristics vs time, temperature and cycling level are explained based on a charge trapping and re-emission model. The thermal acceleration factor between ambient storage and 150/spl deg/C is shown to be 7/spl times/10/sup 5/. Storage life at room temperature after 100K memory cycles is predicted to be in excess of 100 years. A qualification method of NROM devices is discussed in view of these results.
Ethylcellulose - A Polymer Review (1995)

(1995). Ethylcellulose - A Polymer Review. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 61-77.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy, Older Men and Women (2002)

Sarcopenia is common in adults over the age of 65 years and increases with age. BMI is a strong predictor of skeletal muscle mass in women and men. Strength, power, and bioavailable testosterone are further contributors in men. These data suggest that interventions to target nutrition, strength training, and testosterone replacement therapy should be further investigated for their role in preventing muscle loss with age.
β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Is Crucial for Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Induce New Bone Formation (2006)

Endochondral ossification is recapitulated during bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced ectopic bone formation. Although BMP and beta-catenin have been investigated in bone development and in mesenchymal cells, how they interact in this process is not clear. We implanted recombinant BMP-2 into the muscle of mice to investigate the effect of beta-catenin signaling on BMP-induced in vivo endochondral bone formation. BMP-2 induced expression of several Wnt ligands and their receptors and also activated beta-catenin-mediated T cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity. An adenovirus expressing Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt pathway) inhibited beta-catenin signaling and endochondral bone formation. Interestingly, Dkk-1 inhibited both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Likewise, mice expressing conditional beta-catenin null alleles also displayed an inhibition of BMP-induced chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. This is in contrast to studies of embryonic skeletogenesis, which demonstrate that beta-catenin is required for osteogenesis but is dispensable for chondrogenesis. These findings suggest that embryonic development pathways are not always recapitulated during post-natal regenerative processes, and the biochemical pathways utilized to regulate cell differentiation may be different. During in vivo ectopic bone formation, BMP-2 induces beta-catenin-mediated signaling through Wnt ligands, and beta-catenin is required for both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
Analytical model of a gas phase field ionization source (2005)

High resolution focused ion beam technology is based on the use of field ionization sources. The most widely used source by far is the liquid metal ion source (LMIS) and most focused ion beam systems today employ it. The gas phase field ionization source (GFIS) is hardly employed today except in field ionization microscopy, but present day technology would allow its unique properties vis a vis the liquid metal ion source, including smaller virtual source size and energy spread, and the ability to produce ions from H, He, and heavier noble gases, to be exploited. If the GFIS is used as an ion source for a focusing column it would be useful to be able to calculate its emission properties (current versus voltage) as a function of emitter shape (a parameter not variable in a LMIS). Such a calculation had not been done precisely based on realistic emitter shapes. In this work, a theoretical description of the mechanism for ion production in a GFIS is presented. The comparison of the result with the experimental data for a H2–Ir GFIS is given, which shows reasonable agreement. With the present model, when used with the model for the optical properties of the GFIS (to be published), a focused ion beam (FIB) optical designer can make reasonable predictions about the properties of a GFIS-based FIB. Based on the modeling, we predict that a sub 1nm beam of He+ should be possible with ∼1pA current.