gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiationless decay of singlet molecular oxygen in solution. Experimental and theoretical study of electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiationless decay of singlet molecular oxygen in solution. Experimental and theoretical study of electronic-to-vibrational energy transferPaul B. Merkel and David R. KearnsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 21, 7244–7253Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00776a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00776a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1696Altmetric-Citations504LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Power Dissipation SEU-Hardened CMOS Latch (2007)

This paper reports three design improvements for CMOS latches hardened against single event upset (SEU) based on three memory cells appeared in recent years. The improvement drastically reduces static power dissipation, reduces the number of transistors required in the VLSI, especially when they are used in the Gate Array. The original cells and the new improved latches are compared. It is shown that the new latch-NDICE latch has the best compositive capability and the best SEU immunity.
Deoxyribozyme-Based Logic Gates (2002)

We report herein a set of deoxyribozyme-based logic gates capable of generating any Boolean function. We construct basic NOT and AND gates, followed by the more complex XOR gate. These gates were constructed through a modular design that combines molecular beacon stem-loops with hammerhead-type deoxyribozymes. Importantly, as the gates have oligonucleotides as both inputs and output, they open the possibility of communication between various computation elements in solution. The operation of these gates is conveniently connected to a fluorescent readout.
New trends in non-absorbable antibiotics in gastrointestinal disease. (1993)

Numerous antibiotics have been used for several years in the treatment of intestinal diseases, the majority belonging to the class of aminoglycosides. These are effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, above all aerobes, and do not therefore cover the entire range of microorganisms responsible for intestinal infections. With these antibiotics, moreover, it is not possible to exclude intestinal absorption which can lead to serious side effects. Other intestinal antibiotics, however, such as Vancomycin, have a restricted spectrum of action which limits their use. This study analyzes the pharmacological characteristics of a new non-absorbable antibiotics with particularly interesting properties from a clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic point of view: Rifaximin. This drug has an extremely broad spectrum of action covering all intestinal germs, and its absorption is practically zero. The results of some controlled clinical studies in gastrointestinal diseases are examined, such as the treatment of infectious diarrhoea, of acute or chronic portal-caval encephalopathy and of diverticular disease of the colon. The possible role of Rifaximin in some intestinal diseases, such as small bowel bacterial overgrowth and Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is also analyzed.
Baculovirus Expression Protocols (1995)

Introduction to the Molecular Biology of Baculoviruses. Baculovirus Transfer Vectors. Insect Cell-Culture Techniques in Serum-Containing Medium. Insect Cell Culture in Serum-Free Medium. Transfection Techniques for Producing Recombinant Baculoviruses. Selection of Recombinant Baculoviruses by Visual Screening. Production of Recombinant Baculoviruses Using Linearized Viral DNA. Rapid Procedures for the Isolation and PCR Analysis of Recombinant Baculovirus. Production of Recombinant Baculoviruses Using Rapid Screening Vectors That Contain the Gene for b-Galactosidase. Fast Isolation of Recombinant Baculovirus by Antibody Screening. Continuous Foreign Gene Expression in Transformed Lepidopteran Insect Cells. Scale-up pf Recombinant Virus and Protein Production in Stirred-Tank Reactors. Expression of Foreign Genes in Bombyx mori Larvae Using Baculovirus Vectors. Expression of Foreign Proteins in Trichoplusia ni Larvae. Use of Baculoviruses as Biological Insecticides. Molecular Approaches to AIDS Vaccine Development Using Baculovirus Expression Vectors. Expression of the Hemagglutinin Protein of Influenza Virus: Analysis of Protein Modifications. Purification of Recombinant Protein Derived from the Baculovirus Expression System Using Glutathione Affinity Agarose. Purification of the Extracellular Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Produced by Recombinant Baculovirus-Infected Insect Cells in a 10-Liter Reactor. Expression and Secretion of a Soluble Form of Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG). Comparison of Different Cell Lines for the Production of Recombinant Baculovirus Proteins. Development of Lepidopteran Cell Lines. Index.
Cathepsin B and L inhibitors: a patent review (2010 - present) (2016)

Cathepsins play an important role in protein degradation and processing. Aberrant cathepsin B or L is closely associated with many serious diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, development of potent and selective cathepsin B and L inhibitors has aroused much attention in recent years. Although several classes of cathepsin inhibitors are presently available, there are still some problems to solve, such as broad-spectrum inhibition to protease, specially cysteine proteases, which lead to unpredictable side effects in clinical trials. Therefore, it is very necessary to discovery new scaffolds and new application of cathepsin B and L inhibitors for developing therapeutic agents for treating diseases mediated by cathepsin B or L. Areas covered: This updated review summarizes new patents on cathepsin B and L inhibitors from 2010 to present. Expert opinion: The review gives the latest development in the area of inhibitors of cathepsin B and L, which have been considered key therapeutic targets for the development of drugs treating related diseases. This review puts emphasis on the discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of cathepsin B and L, as well as their new application as new therapeutic agents.
Inhibition of protein prenylation by patulin (1993)

The antibiotic patulin was found to inhibit protein prenylation in mouse FM3A cells. Thus, the agent reduced incorporation of [3H]mevalonate into proteins by 50% at a concentration of 7 microM. In a cell-free assay, patulin inhibited rat brain farnesyl:protein transferase, one of the enzymes responsible for protein prenylation. The inhibition was 50% at a concentration of 290 microM.
Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured murine aortic smooth muscle cells, vessel walls and platelets (1983)

The effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (97% pure) on the arachidonic acid cascade in isolated murine vascular cells and platelets were studied. The incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid was not as active as that of arachidonic acid in platelets. The ratio of incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid into platelet phospholipids was about 0.7. Analysis of the phospholipid fractions of platelets after labeling with 14C-eicosapentaenoic acid and 14C-arachidonic acid revealed that the incorporation of 14C-eicosapentaenoic acid into the fraction is significantly less than that of 14C-arachidonic acid, while the incorporation of both fatty acids into other phospholipid fractions was almost the same. On the other hand, no significant difference between either fatty acid in incorporation rate, kinetics or distribution in cellular phospholipids was found in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Following treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid, cells produced less prostacyclin from endogenous arachidonic acid than did control cells. This was not due to the decrease in fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity, but rather, due to the decrease in arachidonic acid content in cellular phospholipids. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid was neither converted to prostaglandin I3 by the vascular cells nor to thromboxane A3 by platelets. Furthermore, similar results were also obtained by in vivo experiments in which rats were fed with eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diet.
An Engineered Constitutive Promoter Set with Broad Activity Range for Cupriavidus necator H16 (2018)

Well-characterized promoters with variable strength form the foundation of heterologous pathway optimization. It is also a key element that bolsters the success of microbial engineering and facilitates the development of biological tools like biosensors. In comparison to microbial hosts such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the promoter repertoire of Cupriavidus necator H16 is highly limited. This limited number of characterized promoters poses a significant challenge during the engineering of C. necator H16 for biomanufacturing and biotechnological applications. In this article, we first examined the architecture and genetic elements of the four most widely used constitutive promoters of C. necator H16 (i.e., PphaC1, PrrsC, Pj5, and Pg25) and established a narrow 6-fold difference in their promoter activities. Next, using these four promoters as starting points and applying a range of genetic modifications (including point mutation, length alteration, incorporation of regulatory genetic element, promoter hybridization, and configuration alteration), we created a library of 42 constitutive promoters, all of which are functional in C. necator H16. Although these promoters are also functional in E. coli, they show different promoter strength and hierarchical rank of promoter activity. Subsequently, the activity of each promoter was individually characterized, using l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter as a benchmark. This study has extended the range of constitutive promoter activities to 137-fold, with some promoter variants exceeding the l-arabinose-inducible range of PBAD promoter. Not only has the work enhanced our flexibility in engineering C. necator H16, it presented novel strategies in adjusting promoter activity in C. necator H16 and highlighted similarities and differences in transcriptional activity between this organism and E. coli.
Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling (2001)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) comprises a family of serine/threonine phosphatases, minimally containing a well conserved catalytic subunit, the activity of which is highly regulated. Regulation is accomplished mainly by members of a family of regulatory subunits, which determine the substrate specificity, (sub)cellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzymes. Moreover, the catalytic subunit is subject to two types of post-translational modification, phosphorylation and methylation, which are also thought to be important regulatory devices. The regulatory ability of PTPA (PTPase activator), originally identified as a protein stimulating the phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity of PP2A, will also be discussed, alongside the other regulatory inputs. The use of specific PP2A inhibitors and molecular genetics in yeast, Drosophila and mice has revealed roles for PP2A in cell cycle regulation, cell morphology and development. PP2A also plays a prominent role in the regulation of specific signal transduction cascades, as witnessed by its presence in a number of macromolecular signalling modules, where it is often found in association with other phosphatases and kinases. Additionally, PP2A interacts with a substantial number of other cellular and viral proteins, which are PP2A substrates, target PP2A to different subcellular compartments or affect enzyme activity. Finally, the de-regulation of PP2A in some specific pathologies will be touched upon.
Molecular Basis for the Homophilic Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM Interaction (2001)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, facilitates heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) and homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) cell-cell interactions. While expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cells, ALCAM is restricted to subsets of cells usually involved in dynamic growth and/or migration processes. A structure-function analysis, using two monoclonal anti-ALCAM antibodies and a series of amino-terminally deleted ALCAM constructs, revealed that homophilic cell adhesion depended on ligand binding mediated by the membrane-distal amino-terminal immunoglobulin domain and on avidity controlled by ALCAM clustering at the cell surface involving membrane-proximal immunoglobulin domains. Co-expression of a transmembrane ALCAM deletion mutant, which lacks the ligand binding domain, and endogenous wild-type ALCAM inhibited homophilic cell-cell interactions by interference with ALCAM avidity, while homophilic, soluble ligand binding remained unaltered. The extracellular structures of ALCAM thus provide two structurally and functionally distinguishable modules, one involved in ligand binding and the other in avidity. Functionality of both modules is required for stable homophilic ALCAM-ALCAM cell-cell adhesion.
Three-dimensional computed tomography of the hip in the assessment of femoroacetabular impingement (2005)

Femoroacetabular impingement secondary to the cam effect is thought to be associated with an insufficient anterior concavity in the sagittal/axial plane of the femoral head-neck junction. Using three-dimensional computed tomography the anterior and posterior concavity of the femoral head-neck junction was assessed in 36 painful non-dysplastic hips (30 patients). The mean age of the symptomatic hips was 40.7 with 13 females and 17 males. Eighteen out of the 36 hips had a pistol grip deformity. Magnetic resonance gadolinium arthrography was performed to assess for labral and cartilage lesions. Alpha and beta angles measuring the anterior and posterior femoral head-neck junction concavities were also determined in 20 asymptomatic hips (12 patients; mean age 37, 5 females and 7 males) using three-dimensional computed tomography. The mean alpha angle for the symptomatic and the control group were: 66.4 versus 43.8 (p=0.001), and for the beta angle 40.2 versus 43.8 (p=0.011), respectively. All but one of the symptomatic hips had a labral tear with 61% of these hips having associated cartilage damage. Three-dimensional computed tomography represents an accurate tool to quantify the femoral head-neck concavity providing a non-invasive assessment of hips at risk of femoroacetabular impingement.
Adaptive rate coding in frequency-hopped random access communication systems (2003)

An adaptive rate coding scheme in a slotted frequency-hopped (FH) random access communication system is considered. Each transmitter-receiver pair selects the optimal code rate for each estimated channel traffic level so that the normalized channel throughput can be maximized. An analysis that accounts for the fact that the traffic estimation is inaccurate is presented, and an adaptive rate coding scheme that is quite robust to the accuracy of the traffic estimation is proposed. The effect of the reliability of the side information and the accuracy of the traffic estimation on the normalized throughput are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Parasympathetic inhibition of sympathetic neural activity to the pancreas (2001)

The present study tested the hypothesis that activation of the parasympathetic nervous system could attenuate sympathetic activation to the pancreas. To test this hypothesis, we measured pancreatic norepinephrine (NE) spillover (PNESO) in anesthetized dogs during bilateral thoracic sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS; 8 Hz, 1 ms, 10 mA, 10 min) with and without (randomized design) simultaneous bilateral cervical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS; 8 Hz, 1 ms, 10 mA, 10 min). During SNS alone, PNESO increased from the baseline of 431 +/- 88 pg/min to an average of 5,137 +/- 1,075 pg/min (P < 0.05) over the stimulation period. Simultaneous SNS and VNS resulted in a significantly (P < 0.01) decreased PNESO response [from 411 +/- 61 to an average of 2,760 +/- 1,005 pg/min (P < 0.05) over the stimulation period], compared with SNS alone. Arterial NE levels increased during SNS alone from 130 +/- 11 to approximately 600 pg/ml (P < 0.05); simultaneous SNS and VNS produced a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller response (142 +/- 17 to 330 pg/ml). Muscarinic blockade could not prevent the effect of VNS from reducing the increase in PNESO or arterial NE in response to SNS. It is concluded that parasympathetic neural activity opposes sympathetic neural activity not only at the level of the islet but also at the level of the nerves. This neural inhibition is not mediated via muscarinic mechanisms.
Pan-trk inhibition decreases metastasis and enhances host survival in experimental models as a result of its selective induction of apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. (2001)

During the progression of prostate cancer, molecular changes occur resulting in the autocrine production of a series of neurotrophins by the malignant cells. This is coupled with expression of high-affinity cognate receptors for these ligands, termed trk receptors, by these cancer cells. The binding of the neurotrophins to their trk receptors activates the receptor's latent tyrosine kinase activity inducing a series of signal transduction pathways within these prostate cancer cells. These molecular changes result in the acquisition by prostate cancer cells of a restricted requirement for these trk signaling pathways for optimal survival. CEP-701 is an indolocarbazole compound specifically designed as a potent inhibitor (IC(50), 4 nM) of the tyrosine kinase activity of the trk receptors required for initiation of these survival pathways. In the present studies, the consequences of CEP-701 inhibition of these trk signaling survival pathways were tested in vivo using both rat (R3327 AT 6.3 and H) and human (TSU-pr1 and CWR-22Rv1) prostatic cancer models. These in vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with CEP-701 inhibits the growth of both rodent and human prostate cancers, without being toxic to the normal tissue including the host prostate. Because of this selective effect, CEP-701 inhibits metastasis and growth of both primary and metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based upon this profile, long-term survival studies were performed using the slow-growing Dunning H rat prostate cancer model. For these latter studies, the dosing regimen was 10 mg CEP-701/kg/dose twice a day via gavage 5 days a week. This regimen maintains CEP-701 tumor tissue concentrations of 25-50 nM. Such chronic dosing increased (P < 0.001) the median survival of rats bearing the slow growing H prostate cancers from 408 days (395-432 days, 95% confidence interval) for the vehicle group (n = 18) to 566 days (497-598 days, 95% confidence interval) for the CEP-701-treated group (n = 24).
Structure-Based Design of a Sulfonamide Probe for Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection of Zinc with a Carbonic Anhydrase-Based Biosensor (1996)

Given the avid and selective metal binding properties of naturally-occurring metalloproteins, it is possible to exploit these systems in the development of novel sensors, i.e., “biosensors”, for the detection of trace quantities of metal ions. Here, we exploit the high affinity of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) for zinc in the detection of nanomolar concentrations of this metal ion by fluorescence anisotropy using a fluorescein-derivatized arylsulfonamide probe, 4-aminosulfonyl[1-(4-N-(5-fluoresceinylthioureido)butyl)]benzamide (3). This probe was designed through an iterative, structure-based approach and was demonstrated to bind tightly only to the zinc-bound holoenzyme (Kd = 2.3 nM) and not the metal-free apoenzyme. Furthermore, the probe exhibits anisotropy that is proportional to the concentration of bound zinc, and this behavior can be exploited in the detection of zinc in the 10−1000 nM range. Strategies for the structure-based design of improved CAII-based metal ion biosensors are considered in view of these results.
Surrogate Endpoints And FDA’s Accelerated Approval Process (2005)

There is interest in approaches allowing more rapid availability of new interventions, particularly for diseases providing risks of death or serious illness. The accelerated-approval regulatory process is intended to address this need by allowing marketing of interventions shown to have strong effects on measures of biological activity, if those measures are potential "surrogates" for true measures of tangible clinical benefit. To use surrogate endpoints and the accelerated-approval process, challenging issues must be addressed to avoid compromising what is truly in the best interest of public health: the reliable as well as timely evaluation of an intervention's safety and efficacy.
Femtosecond dynamics of photoinduced molecular detachment from halogenated alkanes. II. Asynchronous concerted elimination of I2 from CH2I2 (1998)

The photoinduced molecular detachment dynamics of CH2I2 have been investigated with femtosecond time resolution. Upon multiphoton excitation of CH2I2 with 312 nm femtosecond pulses, weak fluorescence in the 260–290 nm region was observed in addition to the I2 fluorescence in the 290–345 nm region studied in the previous paper. The weak fluorescence has also been interpreted as due to emission from I2, where I2 was produced from the photodissociation process CH2I2→CH2+I2*. In order to investigate the detailed dynamics of this reaction, femtosecond time-resolved data have been obtained by selective detection of the I2 fluorescence at 272 and 285 nm. From these transients, it has been found that the dissociation process takes place within the temporal width (50 fs) of the laser pulse and that the I2 photofragments exhibit coherent vibrational motion. The 272 nm transients also exhibit clear, fast decaying rotational anisotropy, quantitative analysis of which reveals a distribution of rather high rotational levels of I2. This permits us to conclude that the I2 detachment is an asynchronous concerted process; while breaking of the two C–I bonds and formation of the I–I bond happen in a single kinetic step, one of the C–I bonds breaks faster than the other. In addition, energy partitioning between the CH2 and I2 photofragments has also been explored based on the experimental observations. Since this study involves a multiphoton transition, a theoretical formulation for the time dependent rotational anisotropy is presented for the general case of multiphoton pump and multiphoton probe transitions.
Toxicity and Lethal Time of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide against Two Subterranean Termite Species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1988)

Nan-Yao Su, Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, Toxicity and Lethal Time of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide against Two Subterranean Termite Species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 73-78