gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in non-small-cell lung carcinoma]. (1990)

The nuclear DNA content of paraffin-embedded specimens of primary non-small-cell lung carcinomas was analysed using flow cytometry in 210 patients (80 squamous cell carcinomas, 99 adenocarcinomas, 19 large cell carcinomas and 15 others). The relationship between nuclear DNA content and prognostic factors was studied using multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazard model. 1) The frequency of DNA aneuploidy was 77.3% among 210 patients, and it significantly (p less than 0.05) increased with advanced stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis. 2) The patients with DNA aneuploid tumors had a significantly (p less than 0.001) less favorable prognosis than those with DNA diploid tumors among 179 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinomas. Similar results were demonstrated in 79 patients with stage I carcinomas and in 85 patients who underwent absolute curative resection. 3) Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that DNA ploidy was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Especially in the patients with absolute curative resection, DNA ploidy was the most important prognostic factor. In conclusion, flow cytometric nuclear DNA content analysis provided useful biological information, and DNA ploidy was an important and major independent prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Electrically short monopole antennas with dielectric or ferrite coatings (1978)

A comprehensive analysis of the electrically-small material-clad monopole is performed by representing the various fields by discrete and continuous eigenvalue spectrums. The cladding creates a dominant quarter-wavelength resonant-cavity effect whereby the leakage of radiation at the terminal plane is transformed into a low impedance at the annular feed. The mode coupling taking place at both feed and terminal plane is solved by variational methods to yield the antenna radiation pattern, bandwidth, efficiency and input impedance as a function of electrical size and frequency. The agreement between the computed and measured results establishes the usefulness of the analysis, and design curves are presented; other factors that influence the system performance of the antennas in practice are discussed. It is concluded that the optimisation of this type of antenna centres on the choice of suitable low-loss material with comparable relative permeability and permittivity values at the frequency of interest. In general, this calls for research into improved materials, but useful antennas can be made with commercially available materials.
Highly Chiral Muscarinic Ligands:  The Discovery of (2S,2‘R,3‘S,5‘R)-1-Methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide Methyl Iodide, a Potent, Functionally Selective, M2Partial Agonist (2006)

By further steric complication of previously studied highly chiral muscarinic agonists, we have obtained a small chiral library of enantiomeric and diasteromeric 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxides. Binding studies on cloned human muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO cells show that the introduction of a fourth stereogenic center gives undetectable affinity for hm1, hm3, hm4 and hm5 subtypes while leaving a quite modest affinity only for hm2 subtypes. However, functional studies on model M1-M4 muscarinic tissues have shown that three compounds of the series [(-)-5, (-)-7, (+)-8] are endowed with functional activity and behave as M2 selective partial agonists. Among them, compound (2S,2'R,3'S,5'R)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide methyl iodide [(+)-8] is particularly interesting, as it is a potent partial agonist on guinea pig atrium (force) (M2; pD2=7.65, alpha=0.41) while being a poor antagonist on M1, M3, and M4 model tissues (pKb<5).
In vitro tolerance induction of neonatal murine B cells. (1976)

The susceptibility of neonatal and adult B lymphocytes to tolerance induction was analyzed by a modification of the in vitro splenic focus technique. This technique permits stimulation of individual hapten-specific clonal precursor cells from both neonatal and adult donors. Neonatal or adult BALB/c spleen cells were adoptively transferred into irradiated, syngeneic, adult recipients which had been carrier-primed to hemocyanin (Hy), thus maximizing stimulation to the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl coupled by Hy (DNP-Hy). Cultures were initially treated with DNP on several heterologous (non-Hy) carriers and subsequently stimulated with DNP-Hy. Whereas the responsiveness of adult B cells was not diminished by pretreatment with any DNP conjugate, the majority of the neonatal B-cell response was abolished by in vitro culture with all of the DNP-protein conjugates. During the 1st wk of life, the ability to tolerize neonatal splenic B cells progressively decreased. Thus, tolerance in this system is: (a) restricted to B cells early in development; (b) established by both tolerogens and immunogens; (c) achieved at low (10(-9) M determinant) antigen concentrations; and (d) highly specific, discriminating between DNP- and TNP-specific B cells. We conclude that: (a) B lymphocytes, during their development, mature through a stage in which they are extremely susceptible to tolerogenesis; (b) the specific interaction of B-cell antigen receptors with multivalent antigens, while irrelevant to mature B cells, is tolerogenic to neonatal (immature) B cells unless antigen is concomitantly recognized by primed T cells; and (c) differences in the susceptibility of immature and mature B lymphocytes to tolerance induction suggest intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult B cells and may provide a physiologically relevant model for the study of tolerance to self-antigens.
Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain (1980)

Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining, utilizing a specific antibody to the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), was employed to analyze gliogenesis in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys ranging in age from embryonic day 38 (E38) to birth (E165) and through the second postnatal month. All major subdivisions of the brain contain glial cells, recognized by the presence of dark brown horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction product. Neuronal elements are not stained with this immunocytochemical technique. The first class of glial cells to appear during development are the radial glial cells; the radial fibers fan out from the ventricular and subventricular zones, where their cell bodies reside, to the pial surface where they terminate with conical endfeet. These glial cells appear within the first third of gestation, being present in the spinal cord and brainstem by E41; in the diencephalon by E45; and in the telencephalon and cerebellum by E47. The next class of glia to appear is the Bergmann glial cell of the cerebellar cortex, which can be stained by E54. Bergmann glial cells located below the Purkinje cell layer issue parallel processes which extend up to the pial surface. Within each major subdivision of the brain, massive numbers of elongated glial fibers continually alter their distinctive patterns to maintain constant ventricular-pial surface relationships during the major tectogenetic changes which occur throughout embryonic development. In Nissl-counterstained sections columns of migrating neurons are observed juxtaposed to GFA-positive radial and Bergmann glial fibers. Radial glial cells assume a variety of transitional forms during the process of their transformation into maturea astrocytes. This transformation occurs in each structure at specific embryonic ages and is initiated after neuronal migration has begun to subside. The number of astroglial cells increases at an accelerated pace after neurogenesis is complete. The immunohistochemical localization of radial fibers at relatively early stages of embryonic development indicates that glial cells are present concomitantly with neurons, raising the possibility that at least two distinct populations of cell precursors compose the proliferative zones. Furthermore, the demonstration of large numbers of radial glial cells in all brain regions during the peak of neuronal migration and a close structural relationship between elongated glial fibers and migrating neurons support the concept that glia play a significant role in the guidance and compartmentalization of neuronal elements during development.
Blood to brain iron uptake in one rhesus monkey using [Fe-52]-citrate and positron emission tomography (PET): influence of haloperidol. (1994)

Iron is highly concentrated in the basal ganglia of the brain. The involvement of cerebral iron and its handling systems in neurodegenerative brain diseases like Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia is currently under close investigation. There is evidence from animal studies that neuroleptics can increase iron uptake into brain. This effect appeared to be due to alteration of blood-brain barrier transport by the neuroleptics, particularly chlorpromazine and haloperidol, but not clozapine. We have investigated one Rhesus monkey using positron emission tomography (PET) and [Fe-52]-citrate before and during haloperidol administration. After drug withdrawal during a period of 1.5 year the investigation procedure was repeated. The results show that in the investigated monkey haloperidol induces a reversible marked increase of iron transport across the blood brain barrier concomitant with a large increase in elimination rate of the tracer from the blood.
Convolutive BSS of Short Mixtures by ICA Recursively Regularized Across Frequencies (2010)

This paper proposes a new method of frequency-domain blind source separation (FD-BSS), able to separate acoustic sources in challenging conditions. In frequency-domain BSS, the time-domain signals are transformed into time-frequency series and the separation is generally performed by applying independent component analysis (ICA) at each frequency envelope. When short signals are observed and long demixing filters are required, the number of time observations for each frequency is limited and the variance of the ICA estimator increases due to the intrinsic statistical bias. Furthermore, common methods used to solve the permutation problem fail, especially with sources recorded under highly reverberant conditions. We propose a recursively regularized implementation of the ICA (RR-ICA) that overcomes the mentioned problem by exploiting two types of deterministic knowledge: 1) continuity of the demixing matrix across frequencies; 2) continuity of the time-activity of the sources. The recursive regularization propagates the statistics of the sources across frequencies reducing the effect of statistical bias and the occurrence of permutations. Experimental results on real-data show that the algorithm can successfully perform a fast separation of short signals (e.g., 0.5-1s), by estimating long demixing filters to deal with highly reverberant environments (e.g., ms).
Active specific immunotherapy of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma using a synthetic tumor-associated glycoconjugate. (1990)

A synthetic tumor-associated glycoconjugate (S-TAG) "vaccine" formulation was developed for active specific immunotherapy of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma (TA3-Ha). An S-TAG composed of the Thomsen Freidenreich hapten coupled to a conventional carrier protein (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and emulsified in Ribi adjuvant, when administered s.c. (in four doses at 3 to 6 days apart) into hosts bearing TA3-Ha tumors, provided 25% long-term survival. When administration of this synthetic glycoconjugate was preceded by treatment with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg i.v.), 50% long-term survival was observed for hosts in which the tumor had been established for 5 days and up to 90% long-term survival for groups of mice with tumors established for 1 to 2 days. In contrast, a significantly (P less than 0.025) lower level of survival was observed when cyclophosphamide treatment was preceded by active immunizations with the S-TAG tumor vaccine. Surviving tumor-challenged mice that had been treated with cyclophosphamide and the S-TAG vaccine had relatively good IgG antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness to the synthetic Thomsen Friedenreich determinants. About 30% of these animals were also able to resist and sustain long-term survival when rechallenged with a high dose (1 x 10(4] of TA3-Ha tumor cells. Lymph node cells obtained from surviving animals were highly inhibitory to tumor growth in a Winn-type assay.
Tetradecafluorosexithiophene:  The First Perfluorinated Oligothiophene (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTetradecafluorosexithiophene: The First Perfluorinated OligothiopheneYouichi Sakamoto, Shingo Komatsu, and Toshiyasu SuzukiView Author Information Institute for Molecular Science Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 19, 4643–4644Publication Date (Web):April 20, 2001Publication History Received23 February 2001Revised3 April 2001Published online20 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja015712jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja015712jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5182Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Diodes,Molecular structure,Molecules,Thiophenes Get e-Alerts
DNA copy number changes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma--comparative genomic hybridization study (1996)

We studied DNA copy number changes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using comparative genomic hybridization analysis on 20 primary tumors and on 12 recurrent tumors excised after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Twenty-nine (91%) of the cases showed abnormal copy number karyotypes. Chromosomal regions at X (41%), 1q (38%), 7 (31%), 3 (24%), 6p (21%), 11 (21%), 12 (21%), and 18 (21%) were most frequently gained, and the most common losses involved 6q (38%), X (21%), 1p (14%), and 8p (10%). High-level amplifications were observed at 6p23-ter, 10p12-14, 17p1l.2, 18q21-ter, and Xq22-ter, all but 18q appearing only in the recurrent tumors. Gains (median, 2; range, 0 to 10) were more frequent than losses (median, 1; range, 0 to 7; P = .0004). The median number of aberrations found in the recurrent tumors (6.5) was greater than that in the primary tumors (2; P = .01). The copy number changes found in the recurrent tumors were more random than those found in the primary tumors, which were mainly located in the most frequently affected regions. Our findings are in line with those observed using conventional cytogenetic analysis, but especially novel high-level amplifications were detected. Southern blot analysis showed BCL2 amplification, but not translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21), in cases in which a gain at 18q was detected by comparative genomic hybridization, which strongly suggests that, in addition to translocation, gene amplification is another mechanism for the overexpression of the BCL2 protein.
The case of thresholdless antiferroelectricity: polarization-stabilized twisted SmC* liquid crystals give V-shaped electro-optic response (1999)

We have studied the three-component liquid crystal mixture reported to exhibit ‘thresholdless antiferroelectricity’ [Inui et al., J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 671]. We find that the thresholdless or V-shaped switching is obtained in the absence of antiferroelectricity. This analog electro-optic response is due to the field-induced switching of a twisted smectic C* structure stabilized by polar surface interactions and by electrostatic bulk polarization charge interactions. The latter confine the director twist to thin surface regions leaving the bulk of the cell uniform, which gives good extinction at zero field. In sufficiently thin cells, such thresholdless switching can in fact be followed down to much lower temperatures, where the bulk would be antiferroelectric, but is maintained in the cells in the ferroelectric state by hysteresis from surface action.
Extended preoperative polyvinyl alcohol microembolization of intracranial meningiomas: assessment of two embolization techniques. (1993)

Extended microembolization with 50- to 150-microns PVA particles improves the surgical treatment of meningiomas, as compared with larger particle embolization. It may also be the only treatment required in older or high-risk patients. The protective effect of steroid medication before the endovascular treatment of meningiomas is suggested by our study.
Entangled State Quantum Cryptography: Eavesdropping on the Ekert Protocol (2000)

Using polarization-entangled photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion, we have implemented Ekert's quantum cryptography protocol. The near-perfect correlations of the photons allow the sharing of a secret key between two parties. The presence of an eavesdropper is continually checked by measuring Bell's inequalities. We investigated several possible eavesdropper strategies, including pseudo-quantum-nondemolition measurements. In all cases, the eavesdropper's presence was readily apparent. We discuss a procedure to increase her detectability.
Study of Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway related molecules in gastric carcinoma (2006)

The elevated expression of Shh and Gli1 in gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric squamous cell carcinoma shows the involvement of activated Shh signaling in the cellular proliferation of gastric carcinogenesis. It suggests Shh signaling gene may be a new and good target gene for gastric tumor diagnosis and therapy.
Evolutionary algorithms for finding optimal gene sets in microarray prediction (2002)

http://stravinsky.ucsc.edu/josh/gesses/.
Colocalization of FcγRI-Targeted Antigen With Class I MHC: Implications for Antigen Processing (2001)

The high-affinity receptor for IgG (CD64 or FcgammaRI) is constitutively expressed exclusively on professional APCs (monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). When Ag is targeted specifically to FcgammaRI, Ag presentation is markedly enhanced, although the mechanism of this enhancement is unknown. In an effort to elucidate the pathways involved in FcgammaRI targeting, we developed a model targeted Ag using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). This molecule, wH22xeGFP, consists of the entire humanized anti-FcgammaRI mAb H22 with eGFP genetically fused to the C-terminal end of each CH3 domain. wH22xeGFP binds within the ligand-binding region by its Fc end, as well as outside the ligand-binding region by its Fab ends, thereby cross-linking FcgammaRI. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that wH22xeGFP was rapidly internalized by the high-FcgammaRI-expressing cell line U937 10.6, but did not associate with intracellular proteins Rab4, Rab5a, or Lamp-1, suggesting that the targeted fusion protein was not localized in early endosomes, recycling vesicles, or lysosomes. Interestingly, wH22xeGFP was found colocalized with intracellular MHC class I, suggesting that FcgammaRI-targeted Ags may converge upon a class I processing pathway. These data are in agreement with studies in the mouse showing that FcgammaRI targeting can lead to Ag-specific activation of cytotoxic T cells. Data obtained from these studies should lead to a better understanding of how Ags targeted to FcgammaRI are processed and under what conditions they lead to presentation of antigenic peptides in MHC class I, as a foundation for the use of FcgammaRI-targeted Ags as vaccines.
The DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Phosphorylation Sites in Human Artemis (2005)

Artemis protein has irreplaceable functions in V(D)J recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) as a hairpin and 5' and 3' overhang endonuclease. The kinase activity of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is necessary in activating Artemis as an endonuclease. Here we report that three basal phosphorylation sites and 11 DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites within the mammalian Artemis are all located in the C-terminal domain. All but one of these phosphorylation sites deviate from the SQ or TQ motif of DNA-PKcs that was predicted previously from in vitro phosphorylation studies. Phosphatase-treated mammalian Artemis and Artemis that is mutated at the three basal phosphorylation sites still retain DNA-PKcs-dependent endonucleolytic activities, indicating that basal phosphorylation is not required for the activation. In vivo studies of Artemis lacking the C-terminal domain have been reported to be sufficient to complement V(D)J recombination in Artemis null cells. Therefore, the C-terminal domain may have a negative regulatory effect on the Artemis endonucleolytic activities, and phosphorylation by DNA-PKcs in the C-terminal domain may relieve this inhibition.
Prevention of transfusion‐associated Chagas' disease: efficacy of white cell‐reduction filters in removing Trypanosoma cruzi from infected blood (1995)

The present experimental data provide evidence that white cell-reduction filters are effective in reducing the number of parasites in T. cruzi-infected blood and that this efficacy depends, in part, on the concentration of parasites in the artificially infected blood. Properly designed clinical studies of known carriers of T. cruzi must be conducted to determine whether the use of white cell-reduction filters may be an alternative method of reducing the incidence of TA-CD.
Auristatin Antibody Drug Conjugate Physical Instability and the Role of Drug Payload (2014)

The conjugation of hydrophobic cytotoxic agents such as monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to the interchain sulfhydryl groups of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) through a protease-labile linker generates a heterogeneous drug load distribution. The conjugation process can generate high-drug-load species that can affect the physical stability of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this study, the mechanism of physical instability of ADCs was investigated by formulating the ADC pool as well as isolated drug load species in high and low ionic strength buffers to understand the effect of ionic strength on the stability of drug-conjugated Mabs. The results showed that the presence of high ionic strength buffer led to time-dependent aggregate and fragment formation of ADCs, predominantly ADCs with high-drug-load species under stress conditions. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed that there is a direct correlation between thermal unfolding and drug payload and that specific changes in the DSC thermogram profiles can be assigned to modifications by MMAE.
Saliva as a diagnostic fluid (2002)

In the last 10 years, the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has become somewhat of a translational research success story. Technologies are now available enabling saliva to be used to diagnose disease and predict disease progression. This review describes some important recent advances in salivary diagnostics and barriers to application and advancement. This review will also stimulate future research activity.