gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Absence of Fucose but Not the Presence of Galactose or Bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine of Human IgG1 Complex-type Oligosaccharides Shows the Critical Role of Enhancing Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2003)

An anti-human interleukin 5 receptor (hIL-5R) humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and an anti-CD20 chimeric IgG1 produced by rat hybridoma YB2/0 cell lines showed more than 50-fold higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector than those produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Monosaccharide composition and oligosaccharide profiling analysis showed that low fucose (Fuc) content of complex-type oligosaccharides was characteristic in YB2/0-produced IgG1s compared with high Fuc content of CHO-produced IgG1s. YB2/0-produced anti-hIL-5R IgG1 was subjected to Lens culinaris aggulutin affinity column and fractionated based on the contents of Fuc. The lower Fuc IgG1 had higher ADCC than the IgG1 before separation. In contrast, the content of bisecting GlcNAc of the IgG1 affected ADCC much less than that of Fuc. In addition, the correlation between Gal and ADCC was not observed. When the combined effect of Fuc and bisecting GlcNAc was examined in anti-CD20 IgG1, only a severalfold increase of ADCC was observed by the addition of GlcNAc to highly fucosylated IgG1. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that YB2/0 cells had lower expression level of FUT8 mRNA, which codes alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase, than CHO cells. Overexpression of FUT8 mRNA in YB2/0 cells led to an increase of fucosylated oligosaccharides and decrease of ADCC of the IgG1. These results indicate that the lack of fucosylation of IgG1 has the most critical role in enhancement of ADCC, although several reports have suggested the importance of Gal or bisecting GlcNAc and provide important information to produce the effective therapeutic antibody.
Characterization of a microfluidic in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (μBBB) (2012)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a unique selective barrier for the central nervous system (CNS), hinders the passage of most compounds to the CNS, complicating drug development. Innovative in vitro models of the BBB can provide useful insights into its role in CNS disease progression and drug delivery. Static transwell models lack fluidic shear stress, while the conventional dynamic in vitro BBB lacks a thin dual cell layer interface. To address both limitations, we developed a microfluidic blood-brain barrier (μBBB) which closely mimics the in vivo BBB with a dynamic environment and a comparatively thin culture membrane (10 μm). To test validity of the fabricated BBB model, μBBBs were cultured with b.End3 endothelial cells, both with and without co-cultured C8-D1A astrocytes, and their key properties were tested with optical imaging, trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and permeability assays. The resultant imaging of ZO-1 revealed clearly expressed tight junctions in b.End3 cells, Live/Dead assays indicated high cell viability, and astrocytic morphology of C8-D1A cells were confirmed by ESEM and GFAP immunostains. By day 3 of endothelial culture, TEER levels typically exceeded 250 Ω cm(2) in μBBB co-cultures, and 25 Ω cm(2) for transwell co-cultures. Instantaneous transient drop in TEER in response to histamine exposure was observed in real-time, followed by recovery, implying stability of the fabricated μBBB model. Resultant permeability coefficients were comparable to previous BBB models, and were significantly increased at higher pH (>10). These results demonstrate that the developed μBBB system is a valid model for some studies of BBB function and drug delivery.
On the origins of arrestin and rhodopsin (2008)

We identified ciliary opsins in Cnidaria and propose this subfamily is ancestral to all previously known animal opsins. That finding is consistent with Darwin's theory that eyes evolved once, and lends some support to Parker's hypothesis that vision triggered the Cambrian explosion of life forms. Our arrestin findings have implications on the evolution of GPCR signaling, and on the biological roles of human alpha arrestins.
Cytokine-induced modulation of cellular adhesion to human cerebral endothelial cells is mediated by soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (2000)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha) has been proposed as one of the key mediators of inflammatory diseases of the CNS such as multiple sclerosis. It has been shown to induce the expression of adhesion molecules which is a prerequisite for the transmigration of immune cells through the blood-brain barrier. We therefore investigated the role of TNF-alpha in the expression and release of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultures of human cerebral endothelial cells (HCEC) in comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A time- and dose-dependent expression of VCAM-1 and release of soluble VCAM-1 was detected in HCEC but not PBMC. TNF-alpha-induced release of soluble VCAM-1 was further increased by cotreatment with interferon-beta (IFN-beta), while IFN-beta alone did not affect VCAM-1 expression or the release of soluble VCAM-1. In addition, we observed that preincubation of PBMC with soluble VCAM-1 completely blocked their adhesion to HCEC. In conclusion, the proinflammatory effect of TNF-alpha on HCEC, which involves the induction of VCAM-1 expression and cellular adhesion, is followed by the consecutive effects of soluble VCAM-1 release in blocking adhesion and downregulating further cellular infiltration. Increasing soluble VCAM-1 release during active inflammation could be another mechanism by which IFN-beta treatment exerts protective effects in multiple sclerosis patients.
Drug targeting, drug discovery, and brain drug development (2001)

The brain of all vertebrates is protected from substances in the blood by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Owing to the presence of the BBB, >98% of new drugs discovered for the central nervous system (CNS) do not enter the brain following systemic administration. Twentieth-century CNS drug development, like drug development in general, relied almost exclusively on small molecule pharmaceuticals, as it was generally believed that small molecules cross the BBB. In fact, most small molecules do not cross the BBB, as reviewed in Chapter 3. The few small molecules that did cross the BBB enabled twentieth-century CNS drug development to focus on small molecule drug discovery without a parallel program in CNS drug targeting. The sole reliance on small molecules will change in the twenty-first century as large molecule pharmaceuticals are developed. Large molecule drugs are peptides, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, antisense drugs, and gene edicines. Since these large molecule drugs do not cross the BBB, it will not be possible to develop large molecules as CNS pharmaceuticals unless there is a parallel development of BBB drug-targeting technology. The future of brain drug development will, therefore, be limited by progress in brain drug targeting.
The Potential of Transcription Factor-Based Genetic Engineering in Improving Crop Tolerance to Drought (2014)

Abstract Drought is one of the major constraints in crop production and has an effect on a global scale. In order to improve crop production, it is necessary to understand how plants respond to stress. A good understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in plant responses during drought will enable researchers to explore and manipulate key regulatory points in order to enhance stress tolerance in crops. Transcription factors (TFs) have played an important role in crop improvement from the dawn of agriculture. TFs are therefore good candidates for genetic engineering to improve crop tolerance to drought because of their role as master regulators of clusters of genes. Many families of TFs, such as CCAAT, homeodomain, bHLH, NAC, AP2/ERF, bZIP, and WRKY have members that may have the potential to be tools for improving crop tolerance to drought. In this review, the roles of TFs as tools to improve drought tolerance in crops are discussed. The review also focuses on current strategies in the use of TFs, with emphasis on several major TF families in improving drought tolerance of major crops. Finally, many promising transgenic lines that may have improved drought responses have been poorly characterized and consequently their usefulness in the field is uncertain. New advances in high-throughput phenotyping, both greenhouse and field based, should facilitate improved phenomics of transgenic lines. Systems biology approaches should then define the underlying changes that result in higher yields under water stress conditions. These new technologies should help show whether manipulating TFs can have effects on yield under field conditions.
IP SAN - from iSCSI to IP-addressable Ethernet disks (2003)

The initial iSCSI products provide a means to connect FC SAN islands across IP networks. This paper describes the implementation of an IP-SAN where the disk subsystem is a virtual array of individually Ethernet attached IP-addressable disks. By replacing the conventional peripheral bus and loop interconnects with a switched Gigabit Ethernet network, the virtual disk array scales continually and dynamically with the simple addition of Ethernet switches and disks, as well as system-wide disk sharing and inherent high availability. In fully exploiting the IP and Ethernet technologies and user knowledge, this architecture pushes the IP SAN evolution toward a truly scalable, manageable, yet flexible and cost-effective data storage system that will be a seamless part of the networked infrastructure.
Insulin-Heparin Infusions Peritransplant Substantially Improve Single-Donor Clinical Islet Transplant Success (2010)

Peritransplant intensive insulin and heparin enhances islet transplantation outcomes likely related in part to mitigation of the effects of the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, combined with islet rest and avoidance of inflammation. It would be important to further investigate the effects of peritransplant insulin and heparin infusions on islet engraftment.
Conformation and binding properties of polymethylene-linked bisviologens–2-naphthol complexes (2001)

The effect of chain length on charge transfer (CT) complexation behavior between N′,N″-poly(methylene)bis(1-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium) (VCnV; bisviologen, n = 3–8) and 2-naphthol was studied by using NMR, UV and molecular modeling techniques. Complexation constants, determined by fitting both NMR and UV titration data, show that bisviologens were more effective in complex formation with 2-naphthol than N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (MV; methylviologen). For example, the complexation constant of VC7V–2-naphthol obtained was more than 12 times as large as that of MV–2-naphthol. This implies formation of a sandwich-type complex for bisviologens, which is further supported by the increase of the CT band with added salts due to decreasing electrostatic repulsion. The complexation constants show significant dependence on the linkage chain length of bisviologen with an alternation phenomenon. The extent of complexation of VCnV–2-naphthol was more pronounced for n = 5 and 7 than for n = 4, 6, and 8. The stabilization energies for sandwich-type complexes of VCnV–2-naphthol obtained by molecular modeling showed the same trend. The even–odd alternate trend was explained by the backbone strain of folding that occurs in the formation of sandwich-type complexs, where VCnV behaves like molecular tweezers.
A universal relation data model with semantic abstractions (1992)

Two important features of modern database models are support for complex data structures and support for high-level data retrieval and update. The first issue has been studied by the development of various semantic data models; the second issue has been studied through universal relation data models. How the advantages of these two approaches can be combined is presently examined. A new data model that incorporates standard concepts from semantic data models such as entities, aggregations, and ISA hierarchies is introduced. It is then shown how nonnavigational queries and updates can be interpreted in this model. The main contribution is to demonstrate how universal relation techniques can be extended to a more powerful data model. Moreover, the semantic constructs of the model allow one to eliminate many of the limitations of previous universal relation models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physical and genetic mapping of IDDM8 on chromosome 6q27. (2000)

Genome-wide mapping studies have provided evidence of a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene (IDDM8) that is located on chromosome 6q27. However, association studies of IDDM8 have so far been negative. The purpose of this investigation was to determine a linkage disequilibrium (LD) map in the chromosome 6q27 region and to better localize IDDM8. A physical map of nearly 1 Mb containing the chromosome 6 telomere was constructed, and polymorphic markers spanning this region were defined. Haplotypes composed of the markers in LD were tested for association with type 1 diabetes in 266 families. A microsatellite marker allele and multiple haplotypes were associated with IDDM8, which suggests localization of this type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene to the terminal 200 kb of chromosome 6.
Effect of olefin structure on the ceiling temperature for olefin polysulfone formation (1957)

Abstract Ceiling temperatures T c (at which the free energy change for the reaction is zero) have been determined for the formation of polysulfones from a wide variety of olefins and allyl compounds under standard concentration conditions ([M] [S] = 27 mole 2 liter −2 , M = unsaturated compound, S = sulfur dioxide). In the 1‐olefin series T c falls from ethylene to propylene 90°, to 1‐butene 64°, and then remains approximate constant as the chain is lengthened. With 2‐olefins there is a progressive decrease from butene 34°, to pentene 8°, to heptene −38°. Branching invariably lowers T c and the effect is greatest when the branching is at the double bond; thus isobutene 4°, 3‐methyl‐1‐butene 36°, 4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐pentene 14°. 2‐ethyl substitution of a 1‐olefin, or 2, 3, or 4 branching of a 2‐olefin results in inability to react ( T c &lt; −80°). Cycloolefins have T c values considerably higher than the corresponding 2‐olefins; thus cyclopentene 102°, cyclohexene 24°. In the allyl compounds a carboxyl group tends to lower T c but a hydroxyl group raises T c . An ether group raises T c slightly. The results are discussed in terms of structural effects on the heat and entropy changes and on the monomer activity coefficients and polymer solubilities. The infrared absorption spectra of 20 polysulfones and 3 aliphatic sulfones are recorded for the sulfone stretching region (7.5–9.5 μ).
Tunable Long Range Forces Mediated by Self-Propelled Colloidal Hard Spheres (2015)

Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we systematically study the effective interaction between two parallel hard walls in a 2D suspension of self-propelled (active) colloidal hard spheres, and we find that the effective force between two hard walls can be tuned from a long range repulsion into a long range attraction by changing the density of active particles. At relatively high densities, the active hard spheres can form a dynamic crystalline bridge, which induces a strong oscillating long range dynamic wetting repulsion between the walls. With decreasing density, the dynamic bridge gradually breaks, and an intriguing long range dynamic depletion attraction arises. A similar effect occurs in a quasi-2D suspension of self-propelled colloidal hard spheres by changing the height of the confinement. Our results open up new possibilities to manipulate the motion and assembly of microscopic objects by using active matter.
The use of mass spectrometry for the proteomic analysis of glycosylation (2006)

Of all protein PTMs, glycosylation is by far the most common, and is a target for proteomic research. Glycosylation plays key roles in controlling various cellular processes and the modifications of the glycan structures in diseases highlight the clinical importance of this PTM. Glycosylation analysis remains a difficult task. MS, in combination with modern separation methodologies, is one of the most powerful and versatile techniques for the structural analysis of glycoconjugates. This review describes methodologies based on MS for detailed characterization of glycoconjugates in complex biological samples at the sensitivity required for proteomic work.
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkoxydiboron with Haloarenes: A Direct Procedure for Arylboronic Esters (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkoxydiboron with Haloarenes: A Direct Procedure for Arylboronic EstersTatsuo Ishiyama, Miki Murata, and Norio MiyauraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 23, 7508–7510Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00128a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00128a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35477Altmetric-Citations1355LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Isolation of mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus deficient in wax ester synthesis and complementation of one mutation with a gene encoding a fatty acyl coenzyme A reductase (1997)

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 accumulates wax esters and triacylglycerol under conditions of mineral nutrient limitation. Nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants of strain BD413 were isolated that failed to accumulate wax esters under nitrogen-limited growth conditions. One of the mutants, Wow15 (without wax), accumulated wax when grown in the presence of cis-11-hexadecenal and hexadecanol but not hexadecane or hexadecanoic acid. This suggested that the mutation may have inactivated a gene encoding either an acyl-acyl carrier protein or acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase. The Wow15 mutant was complemented with a cosmid genomic library prepared from wild-type A. calcoaceticus BD413. The complementary region was localized to a single gene (acr1) encoding a protein of 32,468 Da that is 44% identical over a region of 264 amino acids to a product of unknown function encoded by an open reading frame associated with mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Extracts of Escherichia coli cells expressing the acr1 gene catalyzed the reduction of acyl-CoA to the corresponding fatty aldehyde, indicating that the gene encodes a novel fatty acyl-CoA reductase.
Microvascular quantification based on contour-scanning photoacoustic microscopy (2014)

Accurate quantification of microvasculature remains of interest in fundamental pathophysiological studies and clinical trials. Current photoacoustic microscopy can noninvasively quantify properties of the microvasculature, including vessel density and diameter, with a high spatial resolution. However, the depth range of focus (i.e., focal zone) of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is often insufficient to encompass the depth variations of features of interest—such as blood vessels—due to uneven tissue surfaces. Thus, time-consuming image acquisitions at multiple different focal planes are required to maintain the region of interest in the focal zone. We have developed continuous three-dimensional motorized contour-scanning OR-PAM, which enables real-time adjustment of the focal plane to track the vessels’ profile. We have experimentally demonstrated that contour scanning improves the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional OR-PAM by as much as 41% and shortens the image acquisition time by 3.2 times. Moreover, contour-scanning OR-PAM more accurately quantifies vessel density and diameter, and has been applied to studying tumors with uneven surfaces.
The use of temporal speech and lip information for multi-modal speaker identification via multi-stream HMMs (2002)

Investigates the use of temporal lip information, in conjunction with speech information, for robust, text-dependent speaker identification. We propose that significant speaker-dependent information can be obtained from moving lips, enabling speaker recognition systems to be highly robust in the presence of noise. The fusion structure for the audio and visual information is based around the use of multi-stream hidden Markov models (MSHMM), with audio and visual features forming two independent data streams. Recent work with multi-modal MSHMMs has been performed successfully for the task of speech recognition. The use of temporal lip information for speaker identification has been performed previously (T.J. Wark et al., 1998), however this has been restricted to output fusion via single-stream HMMs. We present an extension to this previous work, and show that a MSHMM is a valid structure for multi-modal speaker identification.
Tankyrase, a Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase at Human Telomeres (1998)

Tankyrase, a protein with homology to ankyrins and to the catalytic domain of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), was identified and localized to human telomeres. Tankyrase binds to the telomeric protein TRF1 (telomeric repeat binding factor-1), a negative regulator of telomere length maintenance. Like ankyrins, tankyrase contains 24 ankyrin repeats in a domain responsible for its interaction with TRF1. Recombinant tankyrase was found to have PARP activity in vitro, with both TRF1 and tankyrase functioning as acceptors for adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation. ADP-ribosylation of TRF1 diminished its ability to bind to telomeric DNA in vitro, suggesting that telomere function in human cells is regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
Optimal algorithms for Byzantine agreement (1988)

We exhibit randomized Byzantine agreement (BA) algorithms achieving optimal running time and fault tolerance against all types of adversaries ever considered in the literature. Our BA algorithms do not require trusted parties, preprocessing, or non-constructive arguments.Given private communication lines, we show that n processors can reach BA in expected constant time in a syncronous network if any