gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness study of vinpocetine vs nimodipine on functional recovery in patients of head injury (2013)

Background : Head injuries are increasing cause of overall disability which needs aggressive researches on neuroprotective agents to prevent or rectify the sequelae of brain damage. The outcomes on functional recovery following add on therapies either nimodipine or vinpocetine was done to compare merits of either therapies. Methods : 90 head injury cases admitted to S.S. hospital were divided into standard treatment group given neither vinpocetine nor nimodipine &amp; other two groups given either nimodipine or vinpocetine dependent entirely on clinician’s discretion. The patients data on initial severity on GCS scale and functional recovery on Barthel Index, head injury watch scale, Disability rating score were collected at discharge &amp; at one month follow up thereafter to compare the recovery profiles. Results : Vinpocetine treatment proved superior to nimodipine or standard treatment on examining the outcomes. Significance of time since injury was emphasized for improved outcome to nimodipine but not so necessary for vinpocetine. Conclusions : Nimodipine delayed administration had no consequence while vinpocetine is useful treatment at any stage to enhance functional recovery in cases of head injury.
Disease-Inducing Secretions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (1989)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Activated endothelial cells induce neutrophil extracellular traps and are susceptible to NETosis‐mediated cell death (2010)

Neutrophil interaction with activated endothelial cells (EC) is required for transmigration. We examined consequences of this interaction on NETosis. Co-culture of activated EC with neutrophils induced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which was partially dependent on production of IL-8 by activated EC. Extended neutophil/EC co-culture resulted in EC damage, which could be abrogated by inclusion of either diphenyleneiodonium to inhibit the NAPDH oxidase pathway required for NETosis, or DNAse to disrupt NETs. These findings offer new insight into mechanisms whereby NETs trigger damage to the endothelium in sepsis, small vessel vasculitis and possibly the villous trophoblast in preeclampsia.
Incremental whole program optimization and compilation (2017)

Most modern compilers for statically typed high level languages perform whole program optimization and compilation in order to generate highly optimized code. Whole program analysis and optimization has the advantage of providing the compiler with visibility to the entire program. This allows information to be propagated across procedures to improve the quality of the generated code. The main disadvantage of existing systems with this capability however, is that recompiling a program after an edit incurs the cost of reanalyzing and regenerating code for all functions. Compiler throughput is crucial for developers' everyday edit-compile-test cycle as well as build lab's automated rolling build. Improving the throughput of such builds significantly improves developer productivity and lab efficiency. We present a practical and extensible framework for incremental whole program optimization (WPO) and compilation. It uses two program abstractions, namely a dependence graph representing the program entities that the code for each function depends upon, and lattices of data-flow information that affect the code generated. These abstractions are used to minimize the number of functions that must be reanalyzed and recompiled after a program edit. The framework uses a simple and fast checksum technique for detecting edits to functions and variables, and experimental evidence that this technique works well in practice. We also present a novel mechanism for achieving the no code generation diff requirement in the presence of multi-level inline expansion. The system has been successfully implemented in the state-of-the-art commercial quality Visual C/C++ compiler and achieves up to 7X compilation speedup for typical edits.
Detection of the genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin types A to E by the polymerase chain reaction (1993)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as the basis for the development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for organisms harboring botulinum neurotoxin type A through E genes. Synthetic DNA primers were selected from nucleic acid sequence data for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins. Individual components of the PCR for each serotype (serotypes A through E) were adjusted for optimal amplification of the target fragment. Each PCR assay was tested with organisms expressing each of the botulinum neurotoxin types (types A through G), Clostridium tetani, genetically related nontoxigenic organisms, and unrelated strains. Each assay was specific for the intended target. The PCR reliably identified multiple strains having the same neurotoxin type. The sensitivity of the test was determined with different concentrations of genomic DNA from strains producing each toxin type. As little as 10 fg of DNA (approximately three clostridial cells) was detected. C. botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, and E, which are most commonly associated with human botulism, could be amplified from crude DNA extracts, from vegetative cells, and from spore preparations. This suggests that there is great potential for the PCR in the identification and detection of botulinum neurotoxin-producing strains.
Depth-profiling of elastic inhomogeneities in transparent nanoporous low-k materials by picosecond ultrasonic interferometry (2009)

We achieve depth-profiling of the elasticity of a thin transparent film of a nanoporous low-k material using picosecond acoustic interferometry. The variation in the material properties with depth is extracted from time-resolved femtosecond optical reflectivity measurements. More than 40% of the variation in the longitudinal elastic modulus between the front and the back surfaces of an 800 nm thick nanoporous layer is mapped with a 40 nm spatial resolution. We attribute this variation to the spatially inhomogeneous UV curing of the film during fabrication.
Classification and quantification of microstructures in steels (2004)

The International Institute of Welding (IIW) microstructure classification scheme for ferrous weld metals has been investigated as a basis for the quantification of complex microstructures in steels. The aim has been to cover the full range of microstructures observed in plain carbon and low alloy steel products, as well as ferritic weld metals and parent plate heat affected zones. The mechanisms of formation of the principal structures and the characteristic ferrite morphologies produced in the reconstructive and displacive transformation regimes of ferrous materials have been briefly reviewed. The classification and terminology used for intragranular as well as austenite grain boundary microstructural constituents have been considered, and also the way in which transformation products are orientated in space. Problems encountered in relating microstructural constituents to principal structures have been discussed in detail and solutions proposed. The microstructure classification and terminology used in the IIW scheme have been built upon and new terminology incorporated into a table providing descriptions of the principal structures and sub-category components. A new classification scheme has been defined in the form of flow charts with guidelines for identifying the principal structures. Evaluation exercises have been carried out with the new scheme. These have shown that a reasonable degree of consistency may be obtained between operators in identifying primary ferrite, pearlite, martensite and the transformation products constituting ferrite sideplate and acicular ferrite structures, notably Widmanstätten ferrite and bainite. A means is thus provided of obtaining database information for developing microstructure–property relationships, or generating data for calibrating physical models, which have the principal structures as their output.
International consensus statement on the peri‐operative management of anaemia and iron deficiency (2016)

Despite current recommendations on the management of pre-operative anaemia, there is no pragmatic guidance for the diagnosis and management of anaemia and iron deficiency in surgical patients. A number of experienced researchers and clinicians took part in an expert workshop and developed the following consensus statement. After presentation of our own research data and local policies and procedures, appropriate relevant literature was reviewed and discussed. We developed a series of best-practice and evidence-based statements to advise on patient care with respect to anaemia and iron deficiency in the peri-operative period. These statements include: a diagnostic approach for anaemia and iron deficiency in surgical patients; identification of patients appropriate for treatment; and advice on practical management and follow-up. We urge anaesthetists and peri-operative physicians to embrace these recommendations, and hospital administrators to enable implementation of these concepts by allocating adequate resources.
Resonance Fluorescence of Fused Silica by the Depopulation of the Ground State (2012)

Spectroscopically pure fused silica has been used in many applications ranging from optoelectronics and optical fibers to laser flash spectroscopy. Although ultraviolet light irradiated optical absorption spectra and coherence fluorescence of silicon dioxide have been studied in the past, we present discrete absorption and resonance coherent fluorescence line of silicon dioxide which were recorded photographically at 288.2 nm. This discrete fluorescence is observed at room temperature using high photon flux (10 24 photon/pulse) excitation spectroscopy.
Definition and treatment of lupus flares measured by the BILAG index (2003)

These results are consistent with the principles upon which the BILAG index was devised and suggest that a moderate disease flare can be defined as a new B score following a C, D or E score according to the BILAG index.
Single‐step procedure for labeling DNA strand breaks with fluorescein‐ or Bodipy‐conjugated deoxynucleotides: Detection of apoptosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (1995)

The methods of in situ labeling of DNA strand breaks have been used to identify apoptotic cells and/or DNA replicating cells. While discrimination of apoptotic cells is based on the inherent presence of numerous DNA strand breaks in their chromatin, DNA proliferating cells can be discriminated by the selective DNA strand break induction by photolysis (SBIP) methodology at the sites that contain incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). In both instances, DNA strand breaks are labeled with biotin- or digoxygenin-conjugated deoxynucleotides, preferably in the reaction catalyzed by exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; fluorescein tagged avidin (streptavidin) or digoxygenin antibody is used in the second step of the reaction. In the present study, DNA strand break labeling was simplified by using directly labeled deoxynucleotides, in a single-step reaction. Cell fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry as well as by a microscope-based laser scanning multiparameter cytometer. Apoptotic cells in HL-60 cultures treated with camptothecin or in primary cultures of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells treated with prednisolone were easily identified utilizing BODIPY-conjugated dUTP (B-dUTP). Apoptotic cells were also recognized using fluorescein-conjugated dUTP or dATP, although the discrimination was more pronounced with B-dUTP. The single-step procedure, requiring fewer centrifugation steps, resulted in less cell loss compared to the two-step cell labeling technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CD70 represents the human ligand for CD27 (1994)

The recently identified CD27 ligand (L) is a type II transmembrane molecule with significant structural homology to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, lymphotoxin beta, CD40L, and CD30L. Using a CD27L specific mAb we examined the tissue distribution of the molecule, and found its expression to be restricted to B cells in occasional germinal centers, stromal cells in the thymic medulla, and scattered T cells in tonsils, skin and gut. As the limited expression of CD27L closely resembled the reported distribution of the activation antigen CD70, we tested whether CD70 represents the human CD27L. CD70 mAb were found to react with CD27L-expressing transfected mouse fibroblasts. Moreover a number of CD70 mAb could specifically interfere with the cellular binding of CD27L mAb. Thus, CD70 is identical to the human CD27L.
An Oral-Diffusion-Sink Device for Extended Sampling of Multiple Steroid Hormones from Saliva (1992)

Performance of a new oral-diffusion-sink (ODS) device for sampling the steroid hormones cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone from human saliva was tested in vitro. The tested device differed from an earlier ODS sampler by using a polymeric composition of beta-cyclodextrin rather than an antiserum to bind analytes diffusing into the device. The capacity of the cyclodextrin-driven device to accumulate the steroid hormones from a simple buffer, human saliva, and saliva fortified with high concentrations of glucocorticosteroids was evaluated. Further, the ability of this device to accurately register the average analyte concentration resulting from treatments simulating physiological episodic secretion events was tested. Each steroid showed a characteristic rate of uptake that was unaffected by saliva or high physiological concentrations of competing steroids, and ODS uptake resulting from temporally varied concentrations of the hormone in the medium accurately reflected the time-integrated average concentration. This ODS provides a potential noninvasive and unobtrusive means of sampling the tissue-available concentrations of multiple steroid hormones, with averaging over physiological secretion events.
Odor Plumes and How Insects Use Them (1992)

Odor plumes and how insects use them , Odor plumes and how insects use them , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel (Abi-007): A Newer Taxane Alternative In Breast Cancer (2005)

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women of developed countries. Taxanes are cornerstones in the treatment of breast cancer. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABI-007, Abraxane) is a novel taxane that obviates the need of using a toxic solvent such as Cremophor EL leading to a safer administration without standard premedication. Several factors such as the presence of albumin receptors in cell surface, the increased need of nutrients such as albumin by tumor cells and the lack of sequestering Cremophor micelles lead to increased intratumoral concentration of this new taxane. Recent trials have shown that ABI-007 is not only well tolerated but, compared with conventional paclitaxel, is associated with superior response rate, longer time to tumor progression and prolonged survival as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Do DNA Vaccines Induce Autoimmune Disease? (1997)

This report examines whether plasmid DNA vaccines induce the production of anti-DNA or anti-muscle cell autoantibodies. A three-fold increase in the number of B cells secreting immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-DNA autoantibodies was detected in BALB/c mice immunized and boosted with any of three DNA plasmids (p < 0.004). This correlated with a transient increase in serum anti-DNA autoantibody titers but was not associated with the development of glomerulonephritis or autoimmune disease. None of the DNA vaccines examined stimulated the production of anti-muscle cell autoantibodies or the development of myositis. The effect of DNA vaccines on the development of nascent autoimmunity in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice was also examined. Repeated vaccination did not alter the onset or course of disease in these animals. These findings suggest that DNA vaccines neither initiate nor accelerate the development of systemic autoimmunity.
Domestic and Global Sourcing (2017)

This paper develops a general equilibrium Ricardian model with transaction costs to investigate the determinants of the firm's sourcing decision. It derives conditions under which different sourcing choices and corresponding trade patterns occur in general equilibrium. These conditions suggest that, inter alia, the choice between vertical integration and specialisation depends on the relative internal transaction costs associated with vertical integration and external transaction costs associated with international outsourcing; and that the equilibrium sourcing structures and trade patterns are consistent with a refined theory of comparative advantage that incorporates the effects of transaction costs in international trade.
A novel regulatory function of proteolytically cleaved VEGF‐2 for vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (1997)

By high throughput sequencing, we have identified a cDNA encoding a polypeptide related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) in the VEGF/PDGF gene family. It is designated vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGF-2). Similar to VEGF, expression of VEGF-2 mRNA is abundant in vascular smooth muscle cells and several highly vascularized tissues. VEGF-2 protein is expressed as a secreted 52 kDa precursor as well as the 30 kDa amino-terminal and 27 kDa carboxy-terminal cleavage products. The latter two cleavage products are linked via a disulfide bridge (or bridges) and can be copurified. Using copurified 30 and 27 kDa proteins, the effect of VEGF-2 on growth of several cell types, including vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, was determined. Our results demonstrate that VEGF-2 protein stimulates the growth of human vascular endothelial cells but inhibits growth of human aortic smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor. These studies establish VEGF-2 as a novel regulator for growth of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Frozen Peptide Nucleic Acid Backbone: Chiral Piperidine PNA as a Hexitol Nucleic Acid Surrogate. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alanine scanning mutagenesis and functional analysis of the fibronectin-like collagen-binding domain from human 92-kDa type IV collagenase. (1992)

The human 72-kDa (CLG4A) and 92-kDa (CLG4B) type IV collagenases contain a domain consisting of three contiguous copies of the fibronectin (FN)-derived type II homology unit (T2HU), T2HU-1, T2HU-2, and T2HU-3. To investigate the functional role of this domain, we have constructed plasmids expressing beta-galactosidase fusion proteins with one or more of the CLG4B-derived T2HU. The gelatin binding assays demonstrate that a single copy of T2HU-2 renders beta-galactosidase capable of binding gelatin. The three repeats, however, differ dramatically in their capacity to bind gelatin, with T2HU-1 and T2HU-3 having significantly less binding activity than T2HU-2. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis we have defined the amino acid residues (Arg307, Asp309, Asn319, Tyr320, Asp323) that are critical for gelatin binding of T2HU-2. The low gelatin binding of T2HU-1 compared to T2HU-2 was traced to the non-conserved residues Ala228-Ala and Leu253-Pro. The results suggest that the gelatin binding of the type IV collagenase proenzyme is mediated by the FN-like domain, although the presence of another gelatin-binding site cannot be excluded. The FN domain-mediated binding, however, is not a rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis of gelatin by the enzyme.
Transcutaneous measurement of frequency dispersion in the regional pulse wave velocity (2002)

The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the propagation speed of the pulsation along the artery due to the heartbeat; its measurement is being reported to estimate the elasticity of the arterial wall for noninvasive diagnosis of arteriosclerosis. It is important for advanced diagnosis, to determine the PWV for each frequency and for each instance in time during the cardiac cycle. Using a phased tracking method developed, the movement of the arterial wall is accurately tracked and small velocity signals at multiple points in the human carotid artery along a linear-type probe are all simultaneously measured with sub-micrometer accuracy. By applying a spatial autoregressive modeling to the measured signals after using the Hilbert transform, the regional PWV of each frequency component was determined at the beginning of the ejection period, T/sub E/, and at the beginning of the ventricular diastole, T/sub D/. The novel detection of the PWV offers potential for quantitative diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Rats Treated with an Antibody Neutralizing the Myelin-Associated Neurite Growth Inhibitor Nogo-A (2001)

The limited plastic and regenerative capabilities of axons in the adult mammalian CNS can be enhanced by the application of a monoclonal antibody (mAb), IN-1, raised against the myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitor Nogo-A. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of this treatment on the functional recovery of adult rats with a dorsal over-hemisection of the spinal cord. Directly after injury, half of the animals were implanted with mAb IN-1-secreting hybridoma cells, whereas the others received cells secreting a control antibody (anti-HRP). A broad spectrum of locomotor tests (open field locomotor) score, grid walk, misstep withdrawal response, narrow-beam crossing) was used to characterize locomotor recovery during the 5 weeks after the injury. In all behavioral tests, the recovery in the mAb IN-1-treated group was significantly augmented compared with the control antibody-treated rats. EMG recordings of flexor and extensor muscles during treadmill walking confirmed the improvement of the locomotor pattern in the mAb IN-1-treated rats; step-cycle duration, rhythmicity, and coupling of the hindlimbs were significantly improved. No differences between the two groups with regard to nociception were observed in the tail flick test 5 weeks after the operation. These results indicating improved functional recovery suggest that the increased plastic and regenerative capabilities of the CNS after Nogo-A neutralization result in a functionally meaningful rewiring of the motor systems.