gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. (1992)

A 36-item short-form (SF-36) was constructed to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The SF-36 includes one multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. The survey was constructed for self-administration by persons 14 years of age and older, and for administration by a trained interviewer in person or by telephone. The history of the development of the SF-36, the origin of specific items, and the logic underlying their selection are summarized. The content and features of the SF-36 are compared with the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study short-form.
Glucose-Reducing Effect of the ORMD-0801 Oral Insulin Preparation in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study (2013)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00867594.
Computed tomographic localization of the precentral gyrus. (1980)

The superior frontal, precentral, and central sulci of fixed brain specimens were marked and then scanned by computed tomography. A constant relationship between the posterior ends of the superior frontal and precentral sulci facilitated accurate identification of the anterior border of the precentral gyrus in both unmarked fixed brains and patients. Precise localization of this gyrus can aid in localization of lesions and correlation with functional changes.
Navigation in the water maze: The role of proximal and distal visual cues, path integration, and magnetic field information (1997)

The kind of information used in acquisition of the water maze task is an important element in the hypotheses generated to explain this form of learning. Therefore, we examined the role of proximal maze wall cue, distal visual cue, path integration, and direction-static magnetic field information in the acquisition of this task by male hooded rats. The availability of proximal cue and direction-static magnetic field information failed to support place responses when distal visual cues were occluded by black curtains and the rats were prevented from knowing the point of entry into the pool or using path integration information. When distal visual cues were occluded, the rats could make use of path integration information to perform a place response. Place responding was most robust when both distal visual cues and path integration information were available.
Binding Site of Macrolide Antibiotics on the Ribosome: New Resistance Mutation Identifies a Specific Interaction of Ketolides with rRNA (2001)

Macrolides represent a clinically important class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by interacting with the large ribosomal subunit. The macrolide binding site is composed primarily of rRNA. However, the mode of interaction of macrolides with rRNA and the exact location of the drug binding site have yet to be described. A new class of macrolide antibiotics, known as ketolides, show improved activity against organisms that have developed resistance to previously used macrolides. The biochemical reasons for increased potency of ketolides remain unknown. Here we describe the first mutation that confers resistance to ketolide antibiotics while leaving cells sensitive to other types of macrolides. A transition of U to C at position 2609 of 23S rRNA rendered E. coli cells resistant to two different types of ketolides, telithromycin and ABT-773, but increased slightly the sensitivity to erythromycin, azithromycin, and a cladinose-containing derivative of telithromycin. Ribosomes isolated from the mutant cells had reduced affinity for ketolides, while their affinity for erythromycin was not diminished. Possible direct interaction of ketolides with position 2609 in 23S rRNA was further confirmed by RNA footprinting. The newly isolated ketolide-resistance mutation, as well as 23S rRNA positions shown previously to be involved in interaction with macrolide antibiotics, have been modeled in the crystallographic structure of the large ribosomal subunit. The location of the macrolide binding site in the nascent peptide exit tunnel at some distance from the peptidyl transferase center agrees with the proposed model of macrolide inhibitory action and explains the dominant nature of macrolide resistance mutations. Spatial separation of the rRNA residues involved in universal contacts with macrolides from those believed to participate in structure-specific interactions with ketolides provides the structural basis for the improved activity of the broader spectrum group of macrolide antibiotics.
Endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis. In vitro modulation by basement membrane components. (1986)

Modulation of the behavior of microvascular endothelial cells during angiogenesis has been observed to correlate with changes in the extracellular matrix. These reports prompted a comparison of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells on monolayers of various matrix components in vitro. Over a 5 day period, the proliferation of these cells was significantly greater on laminin than on either plasma fibronectin, the interstitial collagen types I and III, or on the basement membrane collagen type IV. Proliferation of the microvascular endothelial cells was compared with that of bovine aortic endothelial cells and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells on the same matrices. All three cell types grew significantly more rapidly on laminin than on fibronectin. The aortic endothelial cells differed from their microvascular counterparts in that the growth of these large vessel endothelial cells on the collagenous matrices (types I and III, or type IV) was not significantly different from that observed for laminin, but was greater than the relatively slow growth seen on plasma fibronectin. Further comparison of the growth of the microvascular endothelial cells on the two basement membrane components, laminin and type IV collagen, demonstrated that the growth of these cells on laminin can be modulated by the presence of type IV collagen. This was true either if the two matrices were combined as a mixed layer, or if the laminin was specifically bound to a layer of type IV collagen, more closely simulating the distribution of these molecules in a basement membrane. Examination by immunoperoxidase of in vivo model of neovascularization in the murine cornea revealed a temporally staggered appearance of basement membrane components. The appearance of laminin was found to occur throughout the newly formed vessels, as well as in individual cells at the migrating, proliferating tips. In contrast, the appearance of type IV collagen correlated with lumen formation and was not detected at the vessel tips. The results of this study suggest that the temporally ordered synthesis of specific matrix components plays a significant role in orchestrating the growth and differentiation of endothelial cells during the highly integrated set of responses known as angiogenesis.
Thalidomide Downregulates Angiogenic Genes in Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells of Patients With Active Multiple Myeloma (2005)

Inhibition by thalidomide is probably confined to the genes of active MMECs and KS. This would account for its higher efficacy in these diseases.
Quality Control by DNA Repair (1999)

Faithful maintenance of the genome is crucial to the individual and to species. DNA damage arises from both endogenous sources such as water and oxygen and exogenous sources such as sunlight and tobacco smoke. In human cells, base alterations are generally removed by excision repair pathways that counteract the mutagenic effects of DNA lesions. This serves to maintain the integrity of the genetic information, although not all of the pathways are absolutely error-free. In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases.
Triple helix formation by oligonucleotides on DNA extended to the physiological pH range (1989)

We report here that oligodeoxyribonucleotides which contain 5-bromouracil (Br^5U) and 5-methylcytosine (m^5C) bind duplex DNA at the same homopurine target sequence as their T/C analogues but with greater affinities and over an extended pH range. Oligonucleotides containing uracil (U) bind with lower affinity (Figure 1).
Increased SR Ca cycling contributes to improved contractile performance in SERCA2a-overexpressing transgenic rats (2005)

In summary, SERCA2a-overexpression improved contractility in a frequency-dependent way due to increased SR Ca2+ loading whereas transsarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes were decreased.
The Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Protect Mouse Cochlea against Acoustic Injury (2008)

Acoustic injury is a common cause of hearing loss for people in industrial societies. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) are two important enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. Two COX isozymes are characterized, COX-1 and COX-2, that differ in terms of regulatory mechanisms of expression. Although COX-1, COX-2, and LOX are expressed in cochlea, their roles played in cochlear acoustic injury have not fully been evaluated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit either COX or LOX, or both. This study evaluated the effects of NSAIDs on the functional recovery of the cochlea after acoustic injury. Mice were exposed to a 4-kHz pure tone of 128 dB SPL (sound pressure level) for 4 hours and received one of the following drugs for two weeks after acoustic overexposure: indomethacin (COX-1 inhibitor), meloxicam, SC58125, and CAY10404 (COX-2 inhibitors), and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (LOX inhibitor). The hearing ability was evaluated using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) before and after overexposure. The ABR threshold shifts, defined as subtraction between ABR thresholds before and after overexposure, were compared among the control and the medication groups at one and two weeks after acoustic overexposure. Treatment of mice with either indomethacin or nordihydroguaiaretic acid decreased the ABR threshold shifts after overexposure, indicating that COX-1 and LOX inhibitors exhibited protective effects against acoustic injury. In contrast, COX-2 inhibitors, meloxicam, SC58125, and CAY10404, showed no noticeable effects on the ABR threshold shifts. These findings suggest that COX-1 and LOX are involved in the pathogenesis of acoustic injury in cochlea.
Protein kinase C isozymes and the regulation of diverse cell responses (2000)

Individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been implicated in many cellular responses important in lung health and disease, including permeability, contraction, migration, hypertrophy, proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion. New ideas on mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including the identification of a novel PKC kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), that regulates phosphorylation of PKC, have been advanced. The importance of targeted translocation of PKC and isozyme-specific binding proteins (like receptors for activated C-kinase and caveolins) is well established. Phosphorylation state and localization are now thought to be key determinants of isozyme activity and specificity. New concepts on the role of individual PKC isozymes in proliferation and apoptosis are emerging. Opposing roles for selected isozymes in the same cell system have been defined. Coupling to the Wnt signaling pathway has been described. Phenotypes for PKC knockout mice have recently been reported. More specific approaches for studying PKC isozymes and their role in cell responses have been developed. Strengths and weaknesses of different experimental strategies are reviewed. Future directions for investigation are identified.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, clinically aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm with a high mortality rate. Though the etiology is not precisely known, Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA has been found recently in a large percentage of MCC tumors. Other suggested risk factors include sun exposure, immunosuppression, and a history of prior malignancy. Work up of patients with MCC most notably includes nodal staging via clinical examination or sentinel lymph node biopsy. The prognosis for most patients with MCC is poor, and the rarity of MCC precludes the prospective, randomized clinical trials necessary to elucidate optimum treatment protocols. Most published data support the use of a multimodality approach centered around surgical excision with negative margins, sentinel lymph node biopsy to establish the presence or absence of nodal metastases, adjuvant radiothearpy to decrease the risk of recurrence, and systemic chemotherapy in the case of widespread disease.
Prevalence of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in the South Marmara Region and Observations of Some Management Practices (1999)

This study was carried out on cows, sheep and goats in Salkaya Village, Kovancilar, Baskil and Sivrice towns and in Elazig during 1994 and 1995. Fifty two myiasis cases were detected throughout the study. Forty seven (90.38%) and 5 (9.62%) of the cases were determined in sheep and cows respectively, no myiasis case was encountered in goats. Twenty two (42.32%) of the cases were seen in June during 1994 and 1995, 10 (19.23%) in May, 9 (17.31%) in July, 8 (15.38%) in September and 3 (5.77%) in August. Identification of the collected larvae showed that 51 (98.08%) and 1 (1.92%) of the wounds were caused by W. magnifica and L. sericata respectively. The wounds, cleared of necrotic tissues and rinsed with the suitable antiseptics before the spraying with negusant, were fully cured.
GRASE (Gradient‐and Spin‐Echo) imaging: A novel fast MRI technique (1991)

A fast multi-section MR imaging technique is described. Gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) imaging utilizes the speed advantages of gradient refocusing while overcoming the image artifacts arising from static field inhomogeneity and chemical shift. Image contrast is determined by the T2 contrast in the Hahn spin echoes. A novel k-space trajectory temporally modulates signals and demodulates artifacts.
Use of isotopic immunoglobulin in therapy. (1980)

Antibodies raised in heterologous species against tumor-associated antigens such as ferritin and carcinoembryonic antigen may be utilized in diagnostic scanning and in cancer therapy. The radiolabeled (131I) antibodies have a mean effective half-life of 3 days. The tumor-bearing regions retain activity which was associated with objective evidence of remission in primary hepatic cancers. Major organ toxicity was not apparent in eight of nine patients treated with radioactive antibody. Objective evidence of clinical remission was documented by computer-assisted axial tomography scan remission in sequential studies that determine residual tumor in the same planar cuts. Future possible improvements in radioimmunoglobulin are discussed in light of the clinical findings.
THE DUAL NATURE OF EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE (1967)

1. The hypothesis is put forward that the cartilage of a developing epiphysis consists of two separate moieties. There is a superficial zone which from the first is destined to become articular cartilage and is incapable of ossification, whereas the deeper layers are concerned with the actual growth of the epiphysis and will eventually be converted totally to bone. 2. The results of an experiment which support this theory are described. A piece of developing joint cartilage was excised and replaced in its bed upside down. It was found that although the cartilage continued to proliferate at its normal rate, ossification of the original articular layer did not occur, so that there was a considerable increase in the thickness of the excised cartilage. 3. The supporting evidence for the hypothesis is discussed.
Characteristics of Dynamic Mass Redistribution of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Living Cells Measured with Label-Free Optical Biosensors (2005)

This paper reported the identification of a novel optical signature for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells mediated by EGF. The optical signature was based on dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) in living cells triggered by EGFR activation, as monitored in real time with resonant waveguide grating biosensors. Analysis of the modulation of the EGF-induced DMR signals by a variety of known modulators provided links of various targets to distinct steps in the cellular responses. Results showed that the dynamic mass redistribution in quiescent A431 cells mediated by EGF required EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, actin polymerization, and dynamin and mainly proceeded through MEK. The DMR signals obtained serve as integrated signatures for interaction networks in the EGFR signaling.
A Condition-based Intra Prediction Algorithm for H.264/AVC (2006)

This paper proposes a condition-based algorithm for H.264/AVC 4times4 intra prediction. Exploiting high correlation existed in neighboring intra prediction modes, we propose the three conditions to skip the less possible candidates in doing intra4times4 block mode decision. When compared to the 9 prediction modes in the full search algorithm, the proposed algorithm can complete a 4times4 intra prediction using 4.4 prediction modes operation in average. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm can reduce computational complexity up to 44% at the cost of less than 0.1 dB PSNR loss in average
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tweezer Receptor Libraries and Identification of Receptors for Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala in Aqueous Solution (2005)

Libraries of "unsymmetrical" tweezer receptors, featuring a guanidinium head group as a carboxylate binding site and two independently synthesized peptidic arms, have been prepared and screened to identify receptors for the N-Ac-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala tripeptide sequence. The binding properties of one such receptor structure, with dye-labeled N-Ac-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, were investigated. These studies demonstrated that when attached to the solid-phase, the receptor binds dye-labeled N-Ac-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, in buffered aqueous media, with mM binding affinity.
A Novel Role for ATM in Regulating Proteasome-Mediated Protein Degradation through Suppression of the ISG15 Conjugation Pathway (2011)

Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is an inherited immunodeficiency disorder wherein mutation of the ATM kinase is responsible for the A-T pathogenesis. Although the precise role of ATM in A-T pathogenesis is still unclear, its function in responding to DNA damage has been well established. Here we demonstrate that in addition to its role in DNA repair, ATM also regulates proteasome-mediated protein turnover through suppression of the ISG15 pathway. This conclusion is based on three major pieces of evidence: First, we demonstrate that proteasome-mediated protein degradation is impaired in A-T cells. Second, we show that the reduced protein turnover is causally linked to the elevated expression of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 in A-T cells. Third, we show that expression of the ISG15 is elevated in A-T cells derived from various A-T patients, as well as in brain tissues derived from the ATM knockout mice and A-T patients, suggesting that ATM negatively regulates the ISG15 pathway. Our current findings suggest for the first time that proteasome-mediated protein degradation is impaired in A-T cells due to elevated expression of the ISG15 conjugation pathway, which could contribute to progressive neurodegeneration in A-T patients.
Stereotaxic Mapping of the Monoamine Pathways in the Rat Brain* (1971)

Abstract The ascending monoamine pathways in the rat brain are demonstrated by the pile up of fluorescent material occurring in the axons after various types of lesions. The anatomy of the pathways is outlined in drawings of frontal sections of the brain and the origin and termination of several pathways is determined by studying the anterograde and retrograde degeneration occurring after well localised lesions. It is possible to separate the ascending NA pathways into a dorsal and a ventral bundle of axons. The dorsal bundle innervates the cortex and the hippocampus and the ventral bundle supplies NA nerve terminals to the medulla, the pons, the mesencephalon and the diencephalon. The dorsal bundle is found to originate in the locus coeruleus. Lesions of this nucleus abolish the nerve terminals in all cortical areas and in several other areas of the brain indicating a unique role for the locus coeruleus in influencing the activity of the entire brain. The 5‐HT pathways have a distribution similar to the ventral NA pathyway. The course of the nigro‐striatal and the meso‐limbic DA pathways is presented in detail.
Finite Element Analysis of Crack Tip Field in Mooney-Rivlin Material (2005)

The mode I crack tip field under plane strain condition in the hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin material has been studied. A Finite element analysis is carried out to analyze the deformation and the distribution of principal stress field with general finite element software ANSYS. The numerical results indicate that: not only the stress singularity but also the expanding and shrinking sectors exist near the crack tip; in the two principal stresses, the larger one σ1 is larger about the second power than the smaller one σ2. The stress σ1 is a tensile stress with its direction approximately vertical to the crack tip and it plays the leading role in the deformation at the crack tip; if the stress singularity is observed in (R,(?)) coordinate system, σ1 has the same singularity in the expanding and shrinking sectors.
Void formation in annealed proton-bombarded GaAs (1981)

Radiation damage in GaAs bombarded to a dose of 1017 protons cm−2 at 300 keV is directly observable by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy as a dark diffuse structure. The densest region of this damage lies at the depth predicted by the Lindhard-Scharff-Schiott theory for proton penetration. During anneal for 15 min at 800–1000 °C the crystal recovers with the formation of dislocation networks interspersed with voids. The voids take on the form of dodecahedrons and produce a swelling of 2.5% at the peak of the damage distribution for samples annealed at 1000 °C.
Identification of a novel peptide derived from the M-phase phosphoprotein 11 (MPP11) leukemic antigen recognized by human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (2010)

This is the first study to describe a novel epitope derived from the MPP11 antigen that has been recognized by human CD8+ CTL.
Azido Sialic Acids Can Modulate Cell‐Surface Interactions (2004)

Delivery of unnatural sialic acids to cell-surface glycans can alter cellular recognition by sialic acid-binding proteins. The approach can be used to probe structure–activity relationships in the physiologically relevant context of the cell surface. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2004/z400148_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.