gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of extensive canalicular networks by rat hepatocytes cultured in collagen-sandwich configuration (1994)

Rat primary hepatocytes were cultured under different extracellular matrix configurations and evaluated for the acquisition and maintenance of structural and functional cell polarity. De novo repolarization of the plasma membrane was variable in rate and extent in hepatocyte cultures maintained on a conventional single layer of either gelled or ungelled collagen. However, cultures maintained in a collagen-sandwich configuration initiated uniform formation of a contiguous anastomosing network of bile canaliculi throughout the entire culture. Localization of apical membrane markers demonstrated normal distribution at the canalicular membrane. A marked rearrangement of the intracellular microfilaments to the cell periphery was observed and coincided with the development of the bile canaliculi. Acquisition of normal bile canalicular function and integrity was observed within 3-4 days postoverlay as indicated by the concentration and retention of carboxyfluorescein within the canalicular network. These results demonstrate that cultures of hepatocytes maintained in a sandwich configuration may serve as a more reliable and representative model in which to study the physiology of hepatic function as well as the morphogenesis of polarized membrane domains in vitro.
Edaravone-Loaded Liposome Eyedrops Protect against Light-Induced Retinal Damage in Mice (2011)

Edaravone-loaded ssLips protected against light-induced retinal dysfunction by eyedrop administration. Liposomal eyedrops may become one of the therapeutic candidates for drug delivery to posterior eye segments.
Gene Therapy Targeting Peripheral Blood CD34 + Hematopoietic Stem Cells of HIV-infected Individuals (1997)

Gene therapy is a promising treatment modality for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Autologous transplantation with genetically altered pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells encoding anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genes could in theory completely and permanently reconstitute all blood lineages and immune functions with cells resistant to HIV. Recent studies showed that CD34+ stem cell can be mobilized in HIV-infected individuals after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration without major side effects or increase of viral load. In this study, peripheral blood CD34+ cells of five HIV-infected individuals were mobilized with G-CSF and after leukapheresis and enrichment, subjected to retroviral transduction with genes encoding anti-HIV ribozyme-decoy fusion molecules. These cells were tested for the ability to give rise to progeny cells, for retroviral transduction efficiency, and for expression of the transgene. CD34+-derived macrophage-like cells were also challenged with HIV. Results showed that CD34+ cells from HIV-infected individuals gave rise to similar numbers of progeny colonies as cells from healthy donors. The transduction efficiency of these cells varied from 68.8 to 100% as assessed by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the transgene in individual colonies. CD34+-derived macrophages expressed anti-HIV genes and displayed a substantial and sustained inhibition of HIV replication as compared to untransduced cells. Furthermore, we showed that after thawing, cryopreserved CD34+ cells from these individuals have survival, proliferation, and transduction parameters comparable to fresh cells. Thus, CD34+ cells from HIV-infected patients can be stored for further genetic manipulations with improved vectors or anti-HIV genes as they become available.
Detection of HIV-1 in Saliva: Implications for Case-Identification, Clinical Monitoring and Surveillance for Drug Resistance§ ~!2010-04-01~!2010-04-22~!2010-05-28~! (2010)

Most patients with plasma virus >50 copies/mL had detectable saliva HIV RNA, and the genotypic data was highly concordant between saliva and plasma. In patients with high levels of plasma HIV RNA, saliva might be useful in identifying viremia and evaluating drug resistance.
Human ret proto-oncogene mapped to chromosome 10q11.2. (1989)

Using cosmid clones derived from human ret protooncogene as probes, we determined its chromosome localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Two overlapping clones, cret-1 and -2, which were cloned using the most 5' part of human ret proto-oncogene cDNA, hybridized to chromosome 10q11.2. Sixty-three and 52% of the grains obtained by cret-1 and -2, respectively, were localized to the same site. No other specific hybridization site was observed. From these data, we assigned the site of ret proto-oncogene to chromosome 10q11.2, where the possible locus responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) was mapped by linkage analysis using interstitial retinol binding protein cDNA and D10S5. These findings suggest that ret proto-oncogene might be a suitable probe for approaching the MEN2A locus.
In vivo regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by C5a during sepsis (2006)

Delayed neutrophil apoptosis is characteristic of sepsis and may accentuate organ injury. It has been shown that PI-3K and MAPK pathways provide survival signaling in neutrophils. In this study, we demonstrate that neutrophils isolated from septic rats are resistant to apoptosis in comparison with the cells from normal animals. In contrast to normal serum, septic sera induced strong phosphorylation of AKT and p44/42 in neutrophils obtained from normal rats, resulting in marked resistance of these cells to apoptosis. Protection from apoptosis by septic sera was abrogated completely by inhibition of PI-3K and partially diminished by MEK inhibition. Increased neutrophil survival in septic rats was associated with increased levels of Bcl-xL in neutrophils and decreased levels of Bim expression. In vivo blockade of C5a in cecal ligation and puncture rats by anti-C5a antibody markedly restored the susceptibility of neutrophils to undergo apoptosis. C5a activated AKT and p44/42 and also enhanced X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis expression in neutrophils. LPS and C5a were able to induce Bcl-xL expression. Thus, neutrophil survival signals derived from effects of septic sera could be linked to activation of ERK1/2 and PI-3K, increased antiapoptotic protein expression, and ultimately, delayed neutrophil apoptosis.
Allicin Characterization and its Determination by HPLC (1987)

Allicin has been synthesized and was purified by liquid chromatography. HPLC chromatograms recorded at different wavelengths reveal pure allicin at similar retention times. The purity of the allicin peak could be confirmed by diode array detection. Pure synthetic allicin has been identified by infrared and mass spectrometry and its spectra were characterized. For the quantitative determination of allicin from different sources, an external standard method has been elaborated.
Structure-guided Optimization of the Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling Antagonist sgp130 (2008)

Binding of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to its specific receptor IL-6R is a prerequisite for the activation of the signal-transducing receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). A soluble form of the IL-6R (sIL-6R) in complex with IL-6 can activate cells lacking membrane-bound IL-6R (trans-signaling). IL-6-trans-signaling is counterbalanced by a naturally occurring, soluble form of gp130 (sgp130), whereby signaling via the membrane-bound IL-6R is not affected. Many inflammatory and neoplastic disorders are driven by IL-6 trans-signaling. By analysis of the three-dimensional structure of gp130 in complex with IL-6 and sIL-6R, we identified amino acid side chains in gp130 as candidates for the generation of sgp130 muteins with increased binding affinity to IL-6/sIL-6R. In addition, with information from modeling and NMR analysis of the membrane proximal domain of gp130, we generated a more stable variant of sgp130Fc. Proteins were tested for binding to the IL-6/sIL-6R-complex, for inhibition of IL-6/sIL-6R-induced cell proliferation and of acute phase gene expression. Several mutations showed an additive effect in improving the binding affinity of human sgp130 toward human IL-6/sIL-6R. Finally, we demonstrate the species specificity of these mutations in the optimal triple mutein (T102Y/Q113F/N114L) both in vitro and in a mouse model of acute inflammation.
Electro-catalytic reduction of ethylene on gold and other substrates (1972)

The kinetics and mechanism of the cathodic reduction of ethylene on gold, tungsten and a number of other materials is reported. Tafel slopes, reaction orders and isotope effects indicate a rate determining step (r.d.s.) between adsorbed ethylene and adsorbed hydrogen. Contrasts between the catalytic behaviour of platinum (reported previously) and gold are discussed and attributed to the different pH dependencies of the potential of zero charge values (p.z.c.) of these metals. Catalytic efficiencies of the several materials are reviewed in the light of theories of catalysis.
Adhesion mediated by LFA-1 is required for efficient IL-12-induced NK and NKT cell cytotoxicity (2000)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12)-activated NK1.1+TCRalpha beta+ (NKT2) and NK1.1+TCRalpha beta- (NK) cells exhibit cytotoxic activity against a wide variety of tumor cells in the absence of prior sensitization. Here we demonstrate that the integrin adhesion receptor LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) regulates the cytotoxic activity of IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells against YAC-1 and EL-4 tumor cells. Differentiation in vivo and the expression of the cytolytic effector molecules perforin and Fas-L were comparable in both IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells from LFA-1-/ - and LFA-1+/+ mice. However, LFA-1-/-IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells showed impaired conjugate formation with target cells. These results provide the first genetic evidence for a role for an adhesion receptor in killing by IL-12-activated NK cells.
Vasoconstrictor actions of isoprostanes via tyrosine kinase and Rho kinase in human and canine pulmonary vascular smooth muscles (2001)

1. We examined the effects of several E-ring and F-ring isoprostanes on mechanical activity in pulmonary artery and vein. 2. 8-iso PGE(2) and 8-iso PGF(2 alpha) were powerful spasmogens in human vasculature and in canine pulmonary vein. 8-iso PGE(1) and 8-iso PGF(2 beta) also exhibited moderate spasmogenic activity in canine pulmonary vein; 8-iso PGF(1 alpha), 8-iso PGF(1beta), and 8-iso PGF(3 alpha) were generally ineffective. Canine pulmonary arteries did not exhibit excitatory responses to any of the isoprostanes. 3. The spasmogenic effects of 8-iso PGE(2) were markedly attenuated by the TP-receptor blocker ICI 192605 and by the EP-receptor blocker AH 6809 (-log K(B)=8.4 and 5.7, respectively). PGE(2) was a very weak agonist ( approximately 100 fold less so than 8-iso PGE(2)). 4. In the presence of ICI 192605 (10(-6) M), 8-iso PGE(1) evoked modest dose-dependent relaxations in human and canine pulmonary vein, and in canine pulmonary artery, but not in the human pulmonary artery. The other isoprostanes were generally ineffective as vasodilators in the pulmonary vasculature of both species. 5. The spasmogenic effects of 8-iso PGE(2) and 8-iso PGF(2 alpha) did not involve elevation of [Ca(2+)](i). 6. 8-iso PGE(2)-evoked contractions were blocked by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase (genistein) and Rho kinase (Y 27632 and HA 1077), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C (calphostin C or chelerythrine), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (PD 98059) or p38-kinase (SB 203580). 7. The actions of 8-isoprostanes in the lungs are compound-, species- and tissue-dependent. Several isoprostanes evoke vasoconstriction: in the case of 8-iso PGE(2), this involves activation of TP-receptors, tyrosine kinases and Rho kinases. 8-iso PGE(1) is also able to cause vasodilation.
Xentry, a new class of cell-penetrating peptide uniquely equipped for delivery of drugs (2013)

Here we describe an entirely new class of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) represented by the short peptide Xentry (LCLRPVG) derived from an N-terminal region of the X-protein of the hepatitis B virus. Xentry permeates adherent cells using syndecan-4 as a portal for entry, and is uniquely restricted from entering syndecan-deficient, non-adherent cells, such as resting blood cells. Intravenous injection of Xentry alone or conjugated to β-galactosidase led to its delivery to most tissues in mice, except circulating blood cells. There was a predilection for uptake by epithelia. Anti-B-raf antibodies and siRNAs linked to Xentry were capable of killing B-raf-dependent melanoma cells. Xentry represents a new class of CPP with properties that are potentially advantageous for life science and therapeutic applications.
Improved cardiac function and quality of life following upgrade to dual chamber pacing after long-term ventricular stimulation (2002)

An upgrade to dual chamber rate adaptive pacing results in significantly improved quality of life and cardiac function as compared to continued VVIR stimulation and should thus be considered in patients with ventricular pacemakers who have not developed permanent atrial fibrillation or flutter.
The Relationship Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From China (2002)

This paper investigates the causal links between financial development and economic growth in China by employing the Granger causality test within a VARECM framework. Bi‐directional causality is found between financial development and growth, suggesting that economic growth and financial development are mutually reinforcing under the open‐door policy.
Development of a Laboratory-safe and Low-cost Detection Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020)

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly to over a dozen countries. Especially, the spike of case numbers in South Korea sparks pandemic worries. This virus is reported to spread mainly through person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets generated by coughing and sneezing, or possibly through surface contaminated by people coughing or sneezing on them. More critically, there have been reports about the possibility of this virus to transmit even before a virus-carrying person to show symptoms. Therefore, a low-cost, easy-access protocol for early detection of this virus is desperately needed. Here, we have established a real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rtPCR)-based assay protocol composed of easy specimen self-collection from a subject via pharyngeal swab, Trizol-based RNA purification, and SYBR Green-based rtPCR. This protocol shows an accuracy and sensitivity limit of 1-10 virus particles as we tested with a known lentivirus. The cost for each sample is estimated to be less than 15 US dollars. Overall time it takes for an entire protocol is estimated to be less than 4 hours. We propose a cost-effective, quick-and-easy method for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 at any conventional Biosafety Level II laboratories that are equipped with a rtPCR machine. Our newly developed protocol should be helpful for a first-hand screening of the asymptomatic virus-carriers for further prevention of transmission and early intervention and treatment for the rapidly propagating virus.
ArchJava: connecting software architecture to implementation (2003)

Software architecture describes the structure of a system, enabling more effective design, program understanding, and formal analysis. However, existing approaches decouple implementation code from architecture, allowing inconsistencies, causing confusion, violating architectural properties, and inhibiting software evolution. ArchJava is an extension to Java that seamlessly unifies software architecture with implementation, ensuring that the implementation conforms to architectural constraints. A case study applying ArchJava to a circuit-design application suggests that ArchJava can express architectural structure effectively within an implementation, and that it can aid in program understanding and software evolution.
Differential antiproliferative activities of alpha‐ and gamma‐interferon and tumor necrosis factor alone or in combinations against two prostate cancer xenografts transplanted in nude mice (1991)

We have investigated the antiproliferative effects of recombinant human alpha- and gamma-Interferon (IFN) and recombinant human Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF) against the hormone-independently growing PC3 and DU145 prostatic tumor lines. Subcutaneous, peritumoral administration of the drugs was started 24 hours after subcutaneous implantation of 1-2 mm3 tumor pieces. IFN was given three times per week and TNF five times per week. IFN-alpha (dose-range 0.5-5 ng/gram bodyweight) had significant growth-inhibiting effects against the PC3 tumor, but showed no significant antitumor effects against the DU145 tumor. IFN-gamma monotherapy (dose-range 8-80 ng/gram bodyweight) was less effective than IFN-alpha. 500 ng/gram TNF produced growth inhibition of both tumors, whereas the lower dose (50 ng/g) was only effective against the PC3 tumor. IFN-alpha and -gamma combination treatment had significant antiproliferative effects against the PC3 tumor, but not against the DU145 tumor. Combinations of IFN-alpha and TNF were very effective against both xenografts; some combinations resulted in complete growth inhibition. IFN-gamma and TNF combinations also showed significant antitumor effects against both tumor lines. We therefore conclude that cytokine combination treatment may provide a new approach in the treatment of hormone-escaped prostatic tumors.
An enzyme immunoassay procedure for cancer antigen 125 evaluated. (1988)

The performance of a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure (Abbott Labs.) for cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) met or exceeded the manufacturer's claims for all analytical variables examined. Overall correlation with results obtained with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) were good. However, near the decision thresholds typically chosen to define a positive result for ovarian carcinoma, EIA results were 10 to 20 arbitrary units/mL less than the RIA results. At specific decision thresholds, therefore, the sensitivities and specificities of the EIA and RIA procedure differed. Adjusting the decision thresholds gave a similar optimum efficiency for each procedure: EIA, 82.9% (decision threshold, 35 units/mL); RIA, 83.4% (decision threshold, 54 units/mL). Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the two procedures' ability to distinguish patients with active ovarian carcinoma from those with disease in remission was the same.
"Goodies" in exchange for consumer information on the Internet: the economics and issues (2002)

A recent phenomenon in Internet marketing is the evolution of "virtual" organizations that provide free e-mail services or promotional rebates or even cash to "qualified" online consumers who are willing to interact with them. In order to qualify for such "goodies" the consumers provide these organizations information on their demographics, likes and dislikes, shopping/product preferences, etc., which the organizations, in turn, either sell to advertisers or use to target interactive advertisements of their corporate clients to the desired users. Although different terms have been used to describe the concept, from a business transaction viewpoint, these virtual organizations act as middlemen in collecting information from consumers, paying for the information, and in turn, selling it to corporate clients. We describe the various business models that have been adopted by such organizations, explore the economic issues of such transactions and the implications for consumer welfare. We explore the continued viability of the market in light of recent concerns regarding breaches in privacy of consumer information. Finally, we also explore the impact of different schemes used for pricing advertisements on the business models adopted by the organizations.
Optical filters in WDM ring network architectures (1995)

This paper gives a review of the state of the art of the main optical technologies suited to optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM) in a WDM ring network with their respective potential advantages and level of maturity. Experimental results of a four port multilayer OADM are given. Then, experimentations including these filters are described with the corresponding results we have obtained. Further prospects are given for evolution and growth.
Two-dimensional aggregation and crystallization of a colloidal suspension of latex spheres (1984)

We present experimental investigations of two-dimensional crystallization of calibrated Brownian spheres in water. The interaction monitored by an external AC electric field is attractive in a wide range of frequency and leads to a clustering of fractal crystallites. The fractal dimension of the structure is measured to be D = 1.74 ± 0.05 in good agreement with the theory of dynamical clustering of clusters. Melting occurs upon increasing frequency and is continuous via a phase of hexatic symmetry as seen by light scattering.
Lessons learned from the development of an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myelogenous leukemia (2000)

A Protein kinase targeted. A number of these molecules are broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors. B Staurosporine class represents examples of broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors. PCD, preclinical development. These compounds may have progressed to phase I clinical trials.
Gastrointestinal transit and release of 5‐aminosalicylic acid from 153Sm‐labelled mesalazine pellets vs. tablets in male healthy volunteers (2003)

Novel mesalazine pellets and Salofalk tablets release active 5-aminosalicylic acid in the same target region and pass through the gastrointestinal tract under fasting conditions in healthy volunteers in a comparable time. From a comparison of in vitro dissolution and plasma concentration data, a slower and more prolonged release of 5-aminosalicylic acid from pellets is suggested.
Management of atrial fibrillation: Figure 1 (2006)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterised by uncoordinated atria activation with consequent deterioration of atrial mechanical function. It is the most common arrhythmia encountered in the clinical practice of the developed countries,1w1 and accounts for 1% of all National Health Service expenditure in the United Kingdom.w2

The prevalence and incidence of AF increases with advancing age, affecting approximately 5% of individuals older than 65 years and nearly 10% of those aged older than 80 years.2 So common is this problem that it is expected that more than five million Americans will be living with AF by the year 2050.w1 AF also coexists with common cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus, and with an increasingly older general population, AF (and its co-morbidities) will become an increasing health care burden.2w3 w4 Indeed, hospitalisation rates for AF have increased by 2–3 fold.w4 In the Framingham Heart Study, AF was associated with a 1.5- to 1.9-fold mortality risk, even after adjustment for the pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.w5 AF also confers a substantial morbidity from stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure and impaired quality of life; indeed, stroke survivors associated with AF have more severe strokes with greater disability, longer hospital stays and lower rates of discharge to their own home.2

The aim of this review is to provide a practical and clinically useful approach to the management of AF. The current 2001 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology (ACC/AHA/ESC) consensus guidelines1 for the management of patients with AF will be updated in late 2006, and the evidence-based UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines are available (www.nice.org.uk) in their final form from June 2006. The extensive literature on the electrophysiology and …