gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed testosterone replacement restores nitric oxide synthase‐containing nerve fibres and the erectile response in rat penis (2000)

Testosterone acts on the nervous system to mediate erection; when it is absent there may be down-regulation of both the production and activity of NO, thereby decreasing the response to peripheral stimulation via the NO pathway. The restoration of erectile function seen in rats in group 2 supports this phenomenon. Delayed testosterone replacement has no detrimental effect on the restoration of the erectile mechanism after castration.
Statistical analysis of EMI noise measurement for Flash Memory (2011)

Due to the miniaturization of a variety of consumer and communications electronics, the layout and trace routing of circuits and components become much denser than ever before. Meanwhile, with the development of IC technologies advancing toward nano-meter processing node and higher operating frequencies in recent years, the systems of highly integrated high-speed digital circuits are now facing the challenge from performance degradation by more complicated electromagnetic noisy environment. The EM noises emitted by unintentionally radiated sources (like digital integrated circuits) will severely interfere with the sensitive devices via trace coupling or direct radiation, and thus result in the severe performance degradation of system or even system error. To achieve the electromagnetic compatibility at integrated circuit level, it is important to measure and analyze the influence of EMI emission from ICs impact on performance of system assembly and PCB layout. In this paper, we will utilize the IC-EMI measurement standards IEC 61967-2 (TEM cell method) and IEC 61967-3 (Surface scan method) with miniaturized magnetic probe to investigate the statistical behavior of EMI noise generated from Flash Memory. We will then analyze the EMI noise radiated from Flash under different operating voltages, command instructions, operating frequencies, and capacities. As to the Flash controlling mechanism, we use Microchip PIC to control Flash data access execution and then try to establish the noise budget of Flash with different measuring methods. The IC manufacturers and their customers for system applications will benefit from provision of the noise budget to realize the IC EMI characteristics in early design stage.
[Alzheimer's disease]. (2010)

The insulin resistance and peripheral hyperinsulinemia have been known to promote the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as beta amyloid (Abeta) deposits and increase of tau hyperphosphorylation. Therefore, correcting insulin dysregulation may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of AD. Pharmacologic treatment with thiazolidinedions, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), may offer some therapeutic relief of AD by lowering peripheral insulin and enhancing insulin sensitivity. In addition, PPARgamma agonists have been shown to inhibit inflammatory gene expression, alter Abeta homeostasis and exhibit neuroprotective effects. PPARgamma agonists represent a new and potentially efficacious treatment of AD.
Mutation pattern in clinically asymptomatic coagulation factor VII deficiency (1996)

A total of 122 subjects, referred after presurgery screening or checkup for prolonged prothrombin time, were characterized for the presence of coagulation factor VII deficiency. Fourteen subjects carried a partial and asymptomatic deficiency, and in half of them dysfunctional molecules were detected in plasma. In nine subjects we found five missense mutations differing from those previously found in factor VII deficient patients. The others were homozygous for a common polymorphism (R353Q) that affects factor VII levels. A new codon dimorphism (A330) was also found in exon 8. Four mutations (R223W, M298I, R304Q, and R353Q) located at FVII-specific residues point out protein regions that are important for coagulation factor evolution, and two mutations (G342E and E265K) affect generic or partially generic residues. The newly reported mutations were combined with those we previously found, totalling 17 independent mutations responsible for FVII deficiency in 27 Italian pedigrees. We observed several similarities with the mutation pattern determined in factor IX, which include a high percentage of transitions at CpG doublets, the presence of hot spot sites affected by multiple substitutions, and of several topologically equivalent mutations. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fat-free yogurt made using a galactose-positive exopolysaccharide-producing recombinant strain of Streptococcus thermophilus (2009)

To prevent textural defects in low-fat and fat-free yogurts, fat substitutes are routinely added to milk. In situ production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by starter cultures is an acknowledged alternative to the addition of biothickeners. With the aim of increasing in situ EPS production, a recombinant galactose-positive EPS(+) Streptococcus thermophilus strain, RD-534-S1, was generated and compared with the parent galactose-negative EPS(+) strain RD-534. The RD-534-S1 strain produced up to 84 mg/L of EPS during a single-strain milk fermentation process, which represented 1.3 times more than the EPS produced by strain RD-534. Under conditions that mimic industrial yogurt production, the starter culture consisting of RD-534-S1 and (EPS(-)) Lactobacillus bulgaricus L210R strain (RD-534-S1/L210R) led to an EPS production increase of 1.65-fold as compared with RD-534-S1 alone. However, the amount of EPS produced did not differ from that found in yogurts produced using an isogenic starter culture that included the parent S. thermophilus strain RD-534 and Lb. bulgaricus L210R (RD-534/L210R). Moreover, the gel characteristics of set-style yogurt and the rheological properties of stirred-style yogurt produced using RD-534-S1/L210R were similar to the values obtained for yogurts made with RD-534/L210R. In conclusion, it is possible to increase the production of EPS by ropy S. thermophilus strains through genetic engineering of galactose metabolism. However, when used in combination with Lb. bulgaricus for yogurt manufacture, the EPS overproduction of recombinant strain is not significant.
Gene therapy of RAG-2−/− mice: sustained correction of the immunodeficiency (2002)

Patients with mutations of either RAG-1 or RAG-2 genes suffer from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by the lack of T and B lymphocytes. The only curative treatment today consists of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, which is only partially successful in the absence of an HLA genoidentical donor, thus justifying research to find an alternative therapeutic approach. To this end, RAG-2-deficient mice were used to test whether retrovirally mediated ex vivo gene transfer into HSCs could provide long-term correction of the immunologic deficiency. Murine RAG-2-/-Sca-1(+) selected bone marrow cells were transduced with a modified Moloney leukemia virus (MLV)-based MND (myeloproliferative sarcoma virus enhancer, negative control region deleted, dl587rev primer-binding site substituted) retroviral vector containing the RAG-2 cDNA and transplanted into RAG-2-/- sublethally irradiated mice (3Gy). Two months later, T- and B-cell development was achieved in all mice. Diverse repertoire of T cells as well as proliferative capacity in the presence of mitogens, allogeneic cells, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were shown. B-cell function as shown by serum Ig levels and antibody response to a challenge by KLH also developed. Lymphoid subsets and function were shown to be stable over a one-year period without evidence of any detectable toxicity. Noteworthy, a selective advantage for transduced lymphoid cells was evidenced by comparative provirus quantification in lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Altogether, this study demonstrates the efficiency of ex vivo RAG-2 gene transfer in HSCs to correct the immune deficiency of RAG-2-/- mice, constituting a significant step toward clinical application.
Dendritic cells: tools and targets for antitumor vaccination (2005)

Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and represent a promising tool in therapeutic vaccination against cancer. Immunotherapy applying ex vivo-generated and tumor antigen-loaded dentritic cells has been successfully introduced in clinical vaccination protocols and has proven to be feasible and effective in some patients. A better understanding of how dentritic cells succeed to induce and modulate immunity is necessary to optimally exploit dentritic cells in anticancer vaccines. The authors will review novel insights in antigen loading, activation and migration of dentritic cells and their impact on the application of ex vivo-generated dentritic cell vaccines. In addition, novel means to exploit dentritic cells in cancer vaccines by loading and activation of dentritic cells directly in situ and possible obstacles that should be overcome to induce long-lasting immunity in therapeutic settings will be discussed.
Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia After Cryolipolysis (2014)

Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia is a rare, previously unreported adverse effect of cryolipolysis with an incidence of 0.0051%. No single unifying risk factor has been identified. The phenomenon seems to be more common in male patients undergoing cryolipolysis. At this time, there is no evidence of spontaneous resolution. Further studies are needed to characterize the pathogenesis and histologic findings of this rare adverse event.
Visualization in network topology optimization (1992)

The intrinsic complexity and the geometric nature of network topology optimization lends itself to visual human-computer interaction. We have applied techniques of scientific visualization to all the aspects of network design, and have designed graphical user interface which takes full advantage of human expertise in the context of automated design processes.
Review: Human Antibody Variable Region Gene Usage in HIV-1 Infection (1996)

Human antibody variable region gene usage during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is examined in the following review, and several hypotheses are presented to account for the distinct patterns of antibody gene expression associated with infection. Evidence supporting qualitatively biased antibody gene expression has been derived from analysis of the human humoral immune response by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and serological and molecular studies of immunoglobulin (Ig) from different lymphoid compartments of HIV-1-infected patients. Preferential usage of heavy-chain variable region (VH) gene families 1 and 4 is supported by serological studies of serum Ig and molecular characterization of anti-HIV-1 human monoclonal antibodies derived from infected patients. Negative biases against VH3 family gene usage are detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients but not by combinatorial phage display library techniques. Biased antibody gene usage and expression during HIV-1 infection may be related to HIV-1 pathogenesis by limiting the available HIV-1 neutralizing repertoire. Further molecular characterization of anti-HIV-1 antibodies and in vivo expression of V-region genes during HIV-1 infection should provide important information regarding antibody gene expression and its relationship to HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Que(e)rräume: Trans, Homo, Hetero (2004)

In diesem Teil des Bandes werden transgender, homosexuelle und heterosexuelle Identitäten aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln und in verschiedenen Medien diskutiert
The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a transcriptional coactivator that activates through NF-kappa B p50 homodimers. (1993)

The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a protein that shares structural features with I kappa B-alpha and other proteins that bind to members of the Rel protein family. Here, we show that in contrast to the inhibitory activity of I kappa B-alpha, the bcl-3 gene product superactivates NF-kappa B p50 homodimer-mediated gene expression both in vivo and in vitro. BCL-3 protein can, as well, selectively associate with p50 homodimers in the presence of DNA containing a kappa B motif. These results strongly suggest that BCL-3 can act as a transcriptional coactivator, acting through DNA-bound p50 homodimers.
Developmental biology of the pancreas (1995)

The pancreas is an organ containing two distinct populations of cells, the exocrine cells that secrete enzymes into the digestive tract, and the endocrine cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It arises from the endoderm as a dorsal and a ventral bud which fuse together to form the single organ. Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies. Invertebrates do not have a pancreas, but comparable endocrine cells may be found in the gut or the brain. The early pancreatic bud shows uniform expression of the homeobox gene IPF-1 (also known as IDX-1, STF-1 or PDX), which when mutated to inactivity leads to total absence of the organ. The occurrence of heterotopic pancreas in the embryo, and also the metaplasias that can be displayed by a regenerating pancreas in the adult, both suggest that only a few gene products distinguish the pancreatic cell state from that of the surrounding tissues of duodenum, gall bladder and liver. In the developing pancreatic buds, the endocrine cells start to differentiate before the exocrine cells, and co-expression of different hormones by the same cell is often observed at early stages. Although pancreatic endocrine cells produce many gene products also characteristic of neurons, evidence from in vitro cultures and from quailchick grafts shows that they are of endogenous and not of neural crest origin. Observational studies suggest strongly that both endocrine and exocrine cells arise from the same endodermal rudiment. Development of the pancreas in embryonic life requires a trophic stimulus from the associated mesenchyme. In postnatal life, all cell types in the pancreas continue to grow. Destruction of acinar tissue by duct ligation or ethionine treatment is followed by rapid regeneration. Surgical removal of parts of the pancreas is followed by moderate but incomplete regeneration of both acini and islets. Poisoning with alloxan or streptozotocin can lead to permanent depletion of beta cells. Although the cell kinetics of the pancreas are not understood, it seems likely that there is a continuous slow turnover of cells, fed from a stem cells population in the ducts, and that the controls on the production rate of each cell type are local rather than systemic.
Physical Activity and Public Health: The Emergence of a Subdiscipline—Report from the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health April 17-21, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (2006)

"Physical Activity and Public Health: The Emergence of a Subdiscipline—Report from the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health April 17-21, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia, USA" published on Oct 2006 by Human Kinetics, Inc..
Effect of the Factor V Leiden Mutation on the Clinical Expression of Severe Hemophilia A (2000)

To determine whether the factor V Leiden mutation is associated with decreased bleeding in individuals with severe hemophilia A, factor concentrate utilization, maximum annual number of bleeding episodes, and the prevalence of hemophilic arthropathy between carriers and non-carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation were compared. Heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden mutation was found in 6 of 137 subjects (4.4%). Carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation utilized less factor concentrate (geometric mean: 310 vs. 1185 units/kg/year) and had fewer bleeding episodes than non-carriers (proportion with 10 or fewer bleeding episodes in their worst year: 50 vs. 11%). However, the factor V Leiden mutation was not associated with the absence of arthropathy. The intron 22 inversion mutation of the factor VIII gene was tested for in a subgroup of 80 subjects, but it was not found to be a significant variable for any of the bleeding endpoints. The results of this small study are consistent with the hypothesis that the factor V Leiden mutation imparts a protective effect; however, a larger confirmatory study in which the factor VIII molecular defects can be controlled for is needed. Furthermore, most severe hemophiliacs who used fewer than 200 units/kg/year of factor concentrate or who had experienced 10 or fewer bleeding episodes per year did not carry the factor V Leiden mutation, suggesting that the proportion of severe hemophiliacs whose mild clinical course can be attributed to the factor V Leiden mutation is small.
Design and Implementation of Video Imag Acquisition System Using Based on CPLD and DSP Technology (2005)

Aiming at the static image transmission, a novel and general method of video image acquisition is described based on DSP and CPLD in this paper. This idea is favorable for the design of the circuits and easy for debugging. The experimental result indicates that the image transmitted is very clear. Therefore, the system will be extensively applied to some situations such as accidental occasion, fire alarming.
A dose-escalating toxicology study of the candidate biologic ELP-VEGF (2021)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis and vascular repair, is reduced in chronic ischemic renal diseases, leading to microvascular rarefaction and deterioration of renal function. We developed a chimeric fusion of human VEGF-A<sub>121</sub> with the carrier protein Elastin-like Polypeptide (ELP-VEGF) to induce therapeutic angiogenesis via targeted renal VEGF therapy. We previously showed that ELP-VEGF improves renal vascular density, renal fibrosis, and renal function in swine models of chronic renal diseases. However, VEGF is a potent cytokine that induces angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability, which could cause undesired off-target effects or be deleterious in a patient with a solid tumor. Therefore, the current study aims to define the toxicological profile of ELP-VEGF and assess its risk for exacerbating tumor progression and vascularity using rodent models. A dose escalating toxicology assessment of ELP-VEGF was performed by administering a bolus intravenous injection at doses ranging from 0.1 to 200 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Blood pressure, body weight, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were quantified longitudinally, and terminal blood sampling and renal vascular density measurements were made 14 days after treatment. Additionally, the effects of a single administration of ELP-VEGF (0.1-10 mg/kg) on tumor growth rate, mass, and vascular density were examined in a mouse model of breast cancer. At doses up to 200 mg/kg, ELP-VEGF had no effect on body weight, caused no changes in plasma or urinary markers of renal injury, and did not induce renal fibrosis or other histopathological findings in SD rats. At the highest doses (100-200 mg/kg), ELP-VEGF caused an acute, transient hypotension (30 min), increased GFR, and reduced renal microvascular density 14 days after injection. In a mouse tumor model, ELP-VEGF did not affect tumor growth rate or tumor mass, but analysis of tumor vascular density by micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed significant, dose dependent increases in tumor vascularity after ELP-VEGF administration. ELP-VEGF did not induce toxicity in the therapeutic dosing range, and doses one hundred times higher than the expected maximum therapeutic dose were needed to observe any adverse signs in rats. In breast tumor-bearing mice, ELP-VEGF therapy induced a dose-dependent increase in tumor vascularity, demanding caution for potential use in a patient suffering from kidney disease but with known or suspected malignancy.
Studies on pyrazines. Part 37. Synthesis of 6-propionylpteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and its 1- and/or 3-methyl derivatives from marine natural products (2000)

The synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-6-propionylpteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is described, which is completed by the cross-coupling reaction of 6-bromolumazine with a 1-ethoxyprop-1-enyl tin compound in the presence of a palladium catalyst and copper iodide. Similarly, 1,3-demethylated, and 1- and 3-methyl derivatives are prepared from the corresponding bromolumazines which are obtained by cyclization of 6-bromo-3-acetylamino- or -3-methylamino-pyrazinecarbonitrile with methyl isocyanate or methyl chloroformate. In contrast, the synthesis of 6-propynyllumazine relies on the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 6-bromo-3-methylaminopyrazinecarbonitrile with propyne, yielding 6-acetonylpteridine on treatment with aqueous mercury(II) sulfate.
Imiquimod: modes of action (2003)

Journal Article Imiquimod: modes of action Get access D.N. Sauder D.N. Sauder Daniel Sauder, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Suite 6072, Baltimore, MD 21287, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue s66, 1 November 2003, Pages 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05628.x Published: 01 November 2003
Regulation of the CTL Response by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (2001)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to be a pivotal cytokine that mediates host inflammatory and immune responses. Recently, immunoneutralization of MIF has been found to inhibit tumor growth in mice; however, the contributing mechanisms underlying this effect have not been well defined. We investigated whether MIF plays a regulatory role in the expression of CTL activity. In a mouse model of the CTL response using the OVA-transfected tumor cell line EL4 (EG.7), we found that cultures of splenocytes obtained from EG.7-primed mice secrete high levels of MIF following Ag stimulation in vitro. Notably, parallel splenocyte cultures treated with neutralizing anti-MIF mAb showed a significant increase in the CTL response directed against EG.7 cells compared with control mAb-treated cultures. This effect was accompanied by elevated expression of IFN-gamma. Histological examination of the EG. 7 tumors from anti-MIF-treated animals showed a prominent increase in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as apoptotic tumor cells, consistent with the observed augmentation of CTL activity in vivo by anti-MIF. This increased CTL activity was associated with enhanced expression of the common gamma(c)-chain of the IL-2R that mediates CD8(+) T cell survival. Finally, CD8(+) T lymphocytes obtained from the spleens of anti-MIF-treated EG.7 tumor-bearing mice, when transferred into recipient tumor-bearing mice, showed increased accumulation in the tumor tissue. These data provide the first evidence of an important role for MIF in the regulation and trafficking of anti-tumor T lymphocytes in vivo.