gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phage-enzymes: expression and affinity chromatography of functional alkaline phosphatase on the surface of bacteriophage (1991)

We have demonstrated that an active enzyme can be expressed on the surface of a bacteriophage. The gene encoding alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli was cloned upstream of gene 3, which encodes a minor coat protein of the filamentous bacteriophage, fd. A fusion protein of the correct size was detected from viral particles by Western blotting. Ultrafiltration confirmed that the enzyme fusion behaves as part of a larger structure as would be expected of an enzyme fused to a viral particle. Both wild-type alkaline phosphatase (Arg166) and an active site mutant (Ala166) expressed in this way retain catalytic activity and have qualitatively similar kinetic properties to free enzyme. Values were obtained for Km of 72.7 and 1070 microM respectively whilst relative kcat for the mutant was 36% of that for wild-type. Phage particles expressing alkaline phosphatase were bound to an immobilized inhibitor (arsenate-Sepharose) and eluted with product (20 mM inorganic phosphate). In this way, the functional enzyme is co-purified with the DNA encoding it. This may permit a novel approach to enzyme engineering based on affinity chromatography of mutant enzymes expressed on the phage surface.
Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Tolerability of Single and Repeat Doses of a Nasal Spray Formulation of Zolmitriptan in Healthy Volunteers (2002)

The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, dose proportionality, and tolerability of a range of single and multiple doses of a nasal spray formulation of zolmitriptan in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced, incomplete crossover study. Thirty healthy male or female volunteers received two of five dose levels of zolmitriptan nasal spray: 0 (placebo), 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg. At each level, treatment comprised a single dose on day 1 and two doses (separated by 2 h) on each of days 2, 3, and 4. Zolmitriptan was well tolerated, and symptoms were generally mild and of short duration. The most commonly reported adverse events were taste disturbance, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, headache, and nasal/throat discomfort. Volunteers generally reported fewer adverse events during the multiple-dose phase than after the single-dose phase. Zolmitriptan was detectable in plasma within 15 minutes, and t(max) was similar for each dose and after single and multiple dosing. Dose proportionality was shown for the C(max) and AUC of both zolmitriptan and its active metabolite, 183C91. Mean t1/2 for zolmitriptan and 183C91 was approximately 3 hours. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetics (C(max) and AUC) for both zolmitriptan and 183C91 was proportional to dose after both single and multiple dosing. Nasal spray zolmitriptan was well tolerated; the frequency and nature of adverse events did not increase after multiple dosing.
MPD thruster performance - Propellant distribution and species effects (1986)

Previous research has shown that MPD thruster performance, as measured by thrust, specific impulse, and efficiency, is limited by a so-called 'onset' current level. Experimental results are presented which show that the onset current level varies with the radial position of mass injection. Specifically, mass injection into either of two zones results in drastically different performance for both argon and xenon propellants. This difference in performance is evidenced by the onset current levels, the onset V-J signatures, and the overall V-J characteristics. The behavior of the thruster with the total mass flow split between the two zones follows a transition between the zonal behavioral limits. The behavior of propellant mixtures also follows a transition between the behavior of the individual propellant species. The flow region between the two zones is characterized by a particle number density discontinuity, a large axial current density, and a large electron Hall parameter, suggesting a possible correlation between observed onset phenomena and a shear-flow discontinuity located in the region between the two zones.
Kinase crystal identification and ATP-competitive inhibitor screening using the fluorescent ligand SKF86002 (2014)

The small kinase inhibitor SKF86002 lacks intrinsic fluorescence but becomes fluorescent upon binding to the ATP-binding sites of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α). It was found that co-crystals of this compound with various kinases were distinguishable by their strong fluorescence. The co-crystals of SKF86002 with p38α, Pim1, ASK1, HCK and AMPK were fluorescent. Addition of SKF86002, which binds to the ATP site, to the co-crystallization solution of HCK promoted protein stability and thus facilitated the production of crystals that otherwise would not grow in the apo form. It was further demonstrated that the fluorescence of SKF86002 co-crystals can be applied to screen for candidate kinase inhibitors. When a compound binds competitively to the ATP-binding site of a kinase crystallized with SKF86002, it displaces the fluorescent SKF86002 and the crystal loses its fluorescence. Lower fluorescent signals were reported after soaking SKF86002-Pim1 and SKF86002-HCK co-crystals with the inhibitors quercetin, a quinazoline derivative and A-419259. Determination of the SKF86002-Pim1 and SKF86002-HCK co-crystal structures confirmed that SKF86002 interacts with the ATP-binding sites of Pim1 and HCK. The structures of Pim1-SKF86002 crystals soaked with the inhibitors quercetin and a quinazoline derivative and of HCK-SKF86002 crystals soaked with A-419259 were determined. These structures were virtually identical to the deposited crystal structures of the same complexes. A KINOMEscan assay revealed that SKF86002 binds a wide variety of kinases. Thus, for a broad range of kinases, SKF86002 is useful as a crystal marker, a crystal stabilizer and a marker to identify ligand co-crystals for structural analysis.
In vivo induction of CTL responses by recombinant adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis carrying multiple copies of a viral CD8+ T-cell epitope (1999)

Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is one of the few known protein toxins penetrating directly into the cytosol of target cells across their cytoplasmic membrane without the need for endocytosis.This capacity of ACT was recently exploited for in vivo delivery of single viral CD8 T-epitopes into MHC class I-presenting cells and induction of protective antiviral cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses.Here, we have explored the potential of the cell-invasive adenylate cyclase domain of the toxin to deliver larger antigens by evaluating the epitope-specific CTL responses induced by constructs bearing one to four copies of the CD8 T-epitope from the nucleoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.The increase in the number of copies of the epitope was accompanied by a moderate decrease of the specific cell invasiveness of the ACT protein and did not lead to further enhancement of the level of induced epitope-specific CTL cells in mice, as compared to ACT with a single copy of the epitope.These results demonstrate the capacity of ACT to deliver larger heterologous antigens comprising several epitopes for antigenic presentation in vivo.
Secretion of biologically active glycoforms of bovine follicle stimulating hormone in plants (2001)

We chose the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, as a model to assess the ability of the plant cell to express a recombinant protein that requires extensive N-glycosylation for subunit folding and assembly, intracellular trafficking, signal transduction and circulatory stability. A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based transient expression system was used to express a single-chain (sc) version of bovine FSH in the tobacco related species Nicotiana benthamiana. Preparations of periplasmic proteins from plants infected with recombinant viral RNA contained high levels of sc-bFSH, up to 3% of total soluble proteins. Consistently, in situ indirect immunofluorescence revealed that the plant cell secreted the mammalian secretory protein to the extracellular compartment (EC). By mass spectrometric analysis of immunoaffinity purified sc-bFSH derived from EC fractions, we found two species of the plant paucimannosidic glycan type, truncated forms of complex-type N-glycans. Stimulation of cAMP production in a CHO cell line expressing the porcine FSH receptor acknowledged the native-like structure of sc-bFSH and a sufficient extent of N-glycosylation required for signal transduction. Furthermore, in superovulatory treatments of mice, sc-bFSH displayed significant in vivo bioactivity, although much lower than that of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. We conclude that plants may have a broad utility as hosts for the recombinant expression of proteins even where glycosylation is essential for function.
Orexin Neurons Respond Differentially to Auditory Cues Associated with Appetitive versus Aversive Outcomes (2016)

Orexin neurons play a critical role in promoting and maintaining a waking state because, in their absence, narcolepsy with cataplexy ensues. Known to discharge during waking and not during sleep, they have also been proposed to be selectively active during appetitive behaviors. Here, we recorded and labeled neurons in rats to determine the discharge of immunohistochemically identified orexin neurons during performance of an associative discrimination task. Orexin neurons responded differentially to auditory cues associated with appetitive sucrose versus aversive quinine, indicating that they behave like reward neurons. However, correlated discharge with cortical and muscle activity indicates that they also behave like arousal neurons and can thus promote cortical activation with behavioral arousal and muscle tone during adaptive waking behaviors.
Nonwetting, nonrolling, stain resistant polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane coated textiles (2009)

Abstract Cotton/polyester fabric surfaces were modified using nanostructured organic‐inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules via solution dip coating. Surface wetting characteristics of coatings prepared from two chemically and structurally different POSS molecules, a closed cage fluorinated dodecatrifluoropropyl POSS (FL‐POSS) and an open cage nonfluorinated trisilanolphenyl POSS (Tsp‐POSS), were evaluated with time and compared with Teflon. Surface analysis, including Atomic Force Microscopy, SEM/EDAX, and NMR revealed the presence of POSS aggregates on the fabric surface leading to a spiky topography, high roughness, and hysteresis. POSS coated fabrics showed complete reversal of surface wetting characteristics with contact angles higher than the benchmark Teflon surface. Water contact angle measured as a function of time showed equivalent or better performance for POSS‐coated surfaces in comparison to Teflon. Furthermore, FL‐POSS coated fabric exhibited exceptional stain and acid resistance along with a 38% reduction in relative surface friction. Additionally, “nonsliding” and high surface adhesion behavior of water droplets on the FL‐POSS coated fabric are reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Increased Adipose Angiotensinogen Gene Expression in Human Obesity (2000)

Adipose angiotensinogen gene expression is elevated in obesity in men.
Current Treatment Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis B and C (2001)

For chronic hepatitis B, treatment with a 4-month course of interferon alfa-2b can achieve hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, normalization of aminotransferase levels, reduced hepatic inflammation, and possibly reduced progression to cirrhosis and improvement in survival in 20%-30% of patients. Similar results can be achieved with a 12-month course of lamivudine, with response rates increasing to 40%-65% after 3 years of therapy. Interferon can also be used in early cirrhotic patients, and lamivudine can be used in advanced cirrhotics and immunosuppressed patients. Combination interferon and lamivudine therapy does not confer additional benefits. For chronic hepatitis C, the combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin is the treatment of choice, offering superior sustained response rates (40%) compared with interferon alone (15%). Therapy should be administered for 12 months to patients with genotype 1 virus but for only 6 months to patients with genotypes 2 and 3. Patients experiencing relapse after 6 months of interferon monotherapy can be re-treated with interferon and ribavirin or high-dose interferon, with 45%-56% sustained response rates. However, relatively few patients who are prior nonresponders to interferon monotherapy will have sustained response to further interferon-based treatments, including combination therapy with ribavirin. Successful therapy not only leads to the eradication of viral RNA but also may delay progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferon combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG), shows promise as an improved formulation of interferon with yet higher sustained response rates.
Innovative instructions and software model for isolated execution (2013)

For years the PC community has struggled to provide secure solutions on open platforms. Intel has developed innovative new technology to enable SW developers to develop and deploy secure applications on open platforms. The technology enables applications to execute with confidentiality and integrity in the native OS environment. It does this by providing ISA extensions for generating hardware enforceable containers at a granularity determined by the developer. These containers while opaque to the operating system are managed by the OS. This paper analyzes the threats and attacks to applications. It then describes the ISA extension for generating a HW based container. Finally it describes the programming model of this container.
Superoxide Radical: An Endogenous Toxicant (1983)

The Two Faces of Oxygen Molecular oxygen is both benign and malign. On the one hand it provides enormous advantages and on the other it imposes a universal toxicity. This toxicity is largely due to the intermediates of oxygen reduction, i.e. 0;, H202, and OH·, and any organism that avails itself of the benefits of oxygen does so at the cost of maintaining an elaborate system of defenses against these intermediates. We will here concern ourselves with the superoxide dismutases which, by catalytically scavenging 0;, provide a defense against it and against any reactive radical species which can be derived from it.
[Analgesic effect of Sandostatin (SMS 201-995) in acromegaly headache]. (1991)

Somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin; SMS 201-995) is utilized as a therapy in acromegaly because of its efficiency in inhibiting GH secretion; it induces some clinical improvements, such as headache remission in acromegalic patient, which seem to be unrelated to Gh normalization. We have examined 8 acromegalic patients, suffering from headache, after injection of saline solution and subsequently of SMS 201-995 (100 y), in order to study the mechanism of analgesic effect induced by Sandostatin administration. Headache, by autovaluation test, heart rate frequency, PAO, sistolic and diastolic blood velocity in medial cerebral artery, by utilizing Transcranial Doppler Sonography (SDSV), have been measured before and after saline and after SMS 201-995. GH and beta-endorphin have been also assayed in plasma samples. All patients have shown a rapid and complete improvement in headache after Sandostatin administration. At the same time we have observed an increase in SDSV and a parallel slight increase in PAO values, more evident in the diastolic phase. Plasma beta-endorphin assay has shown rather conflicting results after SMS 201-995 administration. Our results confirm an important and rapid analgesis effect of Sandostatin on acromegaly headache unrelated to GH normalization. The cerebral emodinamic changes suggest their involvement in Sandostatin induced analgesia.
Prokaryotic Homologs of the Eukaryotic DNA-End-Binding Protein Ku, Novel Domains in the Ku Protein and Prediction of a Prokaryotic Double-Strand Break Repair System (2001)

Homologs of the eukaryotic DNA-end-binding protein Ku were identified in several bacterial and one archeal genome using iterative database searches with sequence profiles. Identification of prokaryotic Ku homologs allowed the dissection of the Ku protein sequences into three distinct domains, the Ku core that is conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, a derived von Willebrand A domain that is fused to the amino terminus of the core in eukaryotic Ku proteins, and the newly recognized helix-extension-helix (HEH) domain that is fused to the carboxyl terminus of the core in eukaryotes and in one of the Ku homologs from the Actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor. The version of the HEH domain present in eukaryotic Ku proteins represents the previously described DNA-binding domain called SAP. The Ku homolog from S. coelicolor contains a distinct version of the HEH domain that belongs to a previously unnoticed family of nucleic-acid-binding domains, which also includes HEH domains from the bacterial transcription termination factor Rho, bacterial and eukaryotic lysyl-tRNA synthetases, bacteriophage T4 endonuclease VII, and several uncharacterized proteins. The distribution of the Ku homologs in bacteria coincides with that of the archeal-eukaryotic-type DNA primase and genes for prokaryotic Ku homologs form predicted operons with genes coding for an ATP-dependent DNA ligase and/or archeal-eukaryotic-type DNA primase. Some of these operons additionally encode an uncharacterized protein that may function as nuclease or an Slx1p-like predicted nuclease containing a URI domain. A hypothesis is proposed that the Ku homolog, together with the associated gene products, comprise a previously unrecognized prokaryotic system for repair of double-strand breaks in DNA.
Results of patch testing with lavender oil in Japan (2000)

We report the annual results of patch testing with lavender oil for a 9-year period from 1990 to 1998 in Japan. Using Finn Chambers and Scanpor tape, we performed 2-day closed patch testing with lavender oil 20% pet. on the upper back of each patient suspected of having cosmetic contact dermatitis. We compared the frequency of positive patch tests to lavender oil each year with those to other fragrances. We diagnosed contact allergy when patch test reactions were + or <+ at 1 day after removal. The positivity rate of lavender oil was 3.7% (0-13.9%) during the 9-year period from 1990 to 1998. The positivity rate of lavender oil increased suddenly in 1997. Recently, in Japan, there has been a trend for aromatherapy using lavender oil. With this trend, placing dried lavender flowers in pillows, drawers, cabinets, or rooms has become a new fashion. We asked patients who showed a positive reaction to lavender oil about their use of dried lavender flowers. We confirmed the use of dried lavender flowers in 5 cases out of 11 positive cases in 1997 and 8 out of 15 positive cases in 1998. We concluded that the increase in patch test positivity rates to lavender oil in 1997 and 1998 was due to the above fashion, rather than due to fragrances in cosmetic products.
On the quantitative analysis of deep belief networks (2008)

Deep Belief Networks (DBN's) are generative models that contain many layers of hidden variables. Efficient greedy algorithms for learning and approximate inference have allowed these models to be applied successfully in many application domains. The main building block of a DBN is a bipartite undirected graphical model called a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). Due to the presence of the partition function, model selection, complexity control, and exact maximum likelihood learning in RBM's are intractable. We show that Annealed Importance Sampling (AIS) can be used to efficiently estimate the partition function of an RBM, and we present a novel AIS scheme for comparing RBM's with different architectures. We further show how an AIS estimator, along with approximate inference, can be used to estimate a lower bound on the log-probability that a DBN model with multiple hidden layers assigns to the test data. This is, to our knowledge, the first step towards obtaining quantitative results that would allow us to directly assess the performance of Deep Belief Networks as generative models of data.
Minimizing Migration on Grid Environments: an Experience on Sun Grid Engine (2007)

In distributed systems, the techniques of migration have been extensively studied by simulation, implementation, and successful results were accepted in most schedulers for grid computing. In effect, migration is capable of improving the load balancing, reliability, and QoS of distributed systems. However, migration can also be accompanied by negative effects. It not only consumes a considerable amount of resource, but also comes with migration failure. In this paper, we present some migration decision strategies and experimental results on job migration. Through different policies, it makes decision to select and migrate to the next available node. In this paper, we propose a lookahead strategy to imporove the performance of the decision-making. The target node is selected such that it may provide a high availability environment and thus may finish the execution with high probability.
로버트 J.C. 영의 트리컨티넨탈리즘과 포스트식민의 급진화 (2010)

This paper is a critical review article of Robert J.C. Young's representative two books, White Mythologies and Postcolonialism: A Historical...
A harmonic bandwidth extension method for audio codecs (2009)

Today's efficient audio codecs for low bitrate application scenarios often rely on parametric coding of the upper frequency band portion of a signal while the lower frequency band portion of the same is conveyed by a waveform preserving coding method. At the decoder, the upper frequency signal is approximated from the lower frequency data using the upper frequency band parameters. However, commonly used methods of bandwidth extension almost inevitably suffer from a sensation of unpleasant roughness, which is especially present for tonal music items. In this paper we expose the origin of the roughness and propose a bandwidth extension method, which does not introduce roughness into the reconstructed audio signal. A listening test demonstrates the advantage of the proposed method compared to a standard bandwidth extension.
Obstacle and lane detection on ARGO (2002)

Presents ARGO, the experimental land vehicle developed at the Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione of the University of Parma, Italy. ARGO integrates the GOLD (generic obstacle and lane detection) system, a stereo vision-based hardware and software architecture that allows detection of both generic obstacles (without constraints on shape, color or symmetry) on flat roads and the lane position in structured environments (with painted lane markings). In addition, the paper presents an approach that allows us to handle also non-flat roads.