gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of endothelial cell migration by vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor through cooperative mechanisms involving the alphavbeta3 integrin, osteopontin, and thrombin. (1996)

We have identified several mechanisms by which the angiogenic cytokine vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF) likely regulates endothelial cells (EC) migration. VPF/VEGF induced dermal microvascular EC expression of mRNAs encoding the alphav and beta3 integrin subunits resulting in increased levels of the alphavbeta3 heterodimer at the cell surface, and VPF/VEGF also induced mRNA encoding osteopontin (OPN), an alphavbeta3 ligand. OPN promoted EC migration in vitro; and VPF/VEGF induction of alphavbeta3 was accompanied by increased EC migration toward OPN. Because thrombin cleavage of OPN results in substantial enhancement of OPN's adhesive properties, and because VPF/VEGF promotes increased microvascular permeability leading to activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, we also investigated whether VPF/VEGF facilitates thrombin cleavage of OPN in vivo. Consistent with this hypothesis, co-injection of VPF/VEGF together with OPN resulted in rapid cleavage of OPN by endogenous thrombin. Furthermore, in comparison with native OPN, thrombin-cleaved OPN stimulated a greater rate of EC migration in vitro, which was additive to the increased migration associated with induction of alpha v beta 3. Thus, these data demonstrate cooperative mechanisms for VPF/VEGF regulation of EC migration involving the alphavbeta3 integrin, the alphavbeta3 ligand OPN, and thrombin cleavage of OPN. These findings also illustrate an operational link between VPF/VEGF induction of EC gene expression and VPF/VEGF enhancement of microvascular permeability, suggesting that these distinct biological activities may act accordingly to stimulate EC migration during angiogenesis.
Aberrant Neuronal and Paracellular Deposition of Endostatin in Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Cerebrovascular pathology is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered to contribute to cerebral malfunction. However, distinct antiangiogenic proteins that accumulate in AD brains have not yet been identified. Endostatin is a 20 kDa C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII that, when added exogenously, inhibits endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro and angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo by inducing apoptosis in endothelial cells. We produced a monoclonal antibody directed against endostatin and observed significantly more (p < 0.0001) immunoreactive cortical neurons in AD brains compared with age-matched neuropathologically unaltered controls. High numbers of extracellular and frequently perivascular endostatin deposits were detected in the cerebral hemispheres. Double-labeling experiments revealed colocalization of endostatin in amyloid-beta(1-40) (Abeta(1-40)), tau protein, and periodic acid-Schiff stain-positive plaques that were surrounded by focal gliosis. Western blotting revealed more 20 kDa endostatin in an AD patient compared with a control. In unstimulated SKNSH supernatants, endostatin was detected that increased predominantly after hypoxia in supernatants and cellular lysates. Abeta(1-40) (80 microg/ml) supplementation to SKNSH neurons for 24 hr completely abolished the release of endostatin. These data show that endostatin is released by neurons to accumulate in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Induction by hypoxia and complete abrogation of endostatin release after Abeta(1-40) challenge reveals intricate interactions between the two proteins and opens new avenues for the development of novel treatment strategies of AD patients.
Biomarkers on melanoma patient T Cells associated with ipilimumab treatment (2012)

Up-regulation of proliferation and activation signals in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were pharmacodynamic markers for ipilimumab. Ki67(+)EOMES(+)CD8(+) and Ki67(+)EOMES(+)CD4(+)T cells at baseline merit further testing as biomarkers associated with outcome and irAEs, respectively.
The Katada Reaction: A Study of Experimental Conditions (1985)

Experimental conditions for the Katada reaction have been studied using 2-picoline N-oxide as a model substrate.Using a mixture of acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride, the reaction takes place rapidly at room temperature to give an excellent yield of 2 -a c e t o x y m e t h y l p y r i d i n e .
Analysis of interpolated channel estimation for mobile OFDM systems (2010)

In an OFDM system using pilots for channel estimation, time interpolation among pilots of different OFDM symbols is commonly used to improve the estimate. The estimated channel impulse response may be also windowed to further reduce noise and disturbances. However, for a transmission over a time-varying channel, suboptimal time interpolation, implemented with a filter having only a few taps not matched to the maximum Doppler frequency, degrades channel estimation. In this paper we provide an analysis of the effects of pilot time interpolation over time-varying channels. We show in particular that suboptimal time interpolation yields aliases in the estimated channel impulse response and we derive a closed-form expression of the aliases¿ variance. As aliases can lead to an erroneous estimate of channel length and consequent errors in windowing, we propose a technique to detect aliases and correct the channel length estimate. Parameters of the detection techniques are optimized by an analysis that provides closed-form expressions of the false alarm and miss detection probabilities. Numerical results show the merits of the proposed techniques in a mobile transmission of the terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T).
Deformable Silicon Electronics Using Segmentation and Flexible Interconnect (2007)

In this contribution, our progress in development of deformable single-crystalline-silicon electronics by modification of the previously reported ultra-thin and flexible CIRCONFLEX technology [1] is presented. Additional deformability/reliability is achieved by lateral segmentation of silicon/dielectric layers and connecting these using flexible electrical interconnect. In the current study, segment thickness (silicon/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) of ~1 μm, segment size between 150 and 450 μm, spacing of 20-200 mum and serpentine-shaped aluminum interconnect transferred onto 8-10 μm thick polyimide film are characterized by bending and tensile stretching to find out the reliability limits. Compared to our previous reports [2,3], next to the processing issues also new electrical integrity results obtained from passive electrical test structures implemented on fully segmented polymer-embedded silicon islands are presented.
Vectorless Analysis of Supply Noise Induced Delay Variation (2003)

The impact of power supply integrity on a design has become a critical issue, not only for functional verification, but also for performance verification. Traditional analysis has typically applied a worst case voltage drop at all points along a circuit path which leads to a very conservative analysis. We also show that in certain cases, the traditional analysis can be optimistic, since it ignores the possibility of voltage shifts between driver and receiver gates. In this paper, we propose a new analysis approach for computing the maximum path delay under power supply fluctuations. Our analysis is based on the use of superposition, both spatially across different circuit blocks, and temporally in time. We first present an accurate model of path delay variations under supply drops, considering both the effect of local supply reduction at individual gates and voltage shifts between driver/receiver pairs. We then formulate the path delay maximization problem as a constrained linear optimization problem, considering the effect of both IR drop and LdI/dt drops. We show how correlations between currents of different circuit blocks can be incorporated in this formulation using linear constraints. The proposed methods were implemented and tested on benchmark circuits, including an industrial power supply grid and we demonstrate a significant improvement in the worst-case path delay increase.
[Clinical and imaging diagnosis of primary hepatic lymphoma]. (2005)

A comprehensive evaluation of the clinical manifestations and imaging features can be helpful in the diagnosis of PHL, and serum LDH level may help to assess the therapeutic effect.
A Determinant of Substrate Specificity Predicted from the Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase of Developing Cat's Claw Seed1 (1998)

Abstract Cat's claw (Doxantha unguis-cati L.) vine accumulates nearly 80% palmitoleic acid (16:1Δ9) plus cis-vaccenic acid (18:1Δ11) in its seed oil. To characterize the biosynthetic origin of these unusual fatty acids, cDNAs for acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) desaturases were isolated from developing cat's claw seeds. The predominant acyl-ACP desaturase cDNA identified encoded a polypeptide that is closely related to the stearoyl (Δ9–18:0)-ACP desaturase from castor (Ricinis communisL.) and other species. Upon expression inEscherichia coli, the cat's claw polypeptide functioned as a Δ9 acyl-ACP desaturase but displayed a distinct substrate specificity for palmitate (16:0)-ACP rather than stearate (18:0)-ACP. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the cat's claw enzyme with that of the castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase suggested that a single amino acid substitution (L118W) might account in large part for the differences in substrate specificity between the two desaturases. Consistent with this prediction, conversion of leucine-118 to tryptophan in the mature castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase resulted in an 80-fold increase in the relative specificity of this enzyme for 16:0-ACP. The alteration in substrate specificity observed in the L118W mutant is in agreement with a crystallographic model of the proposed substrate-binding pocket of the castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase.
Block of C/EBPα function by phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 activating mutations (2006)

Mutations constitutively activating FLT3 kinase are detected in approximately 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients and affect downstream pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. We found that activation of FLT3 in human AML inhibits CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) function by ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation, which may explain the differentiation block of leukemic blasts. In MV4;11 cells, pharmacological inhibition of either FLT3 or MEK1 leads to granulocytic differentiation. Differentiation of MV4;11 cells was also observed when C/EBPalpha mutated at serine 21 to alanine (S21A) was stably expressed. In contrast, there was no effect when serine 21 was mutated to aspartate (S21D), which mimics phosphorylation of C/EBPalpha. Thus, our results suggest that therapies targeting the MEK/ERK cascade or development of protein therapies based on transduction of constitutively active C/EBPalpha may prove effective in treatment of FLT3 mutant leukemias resistant to the FLT3 inhibitor therapies.
Gamma motor neurons survive and exacerbate alpha motor neuron degeneration in ALS (2016)

Significance Clinical and pathological hallmarks shared by various familial and sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest common underlying mechanisms of disease. Using a series of ALS mouse models, we demonstrate that one shared feature of ALS is the selective sparing of gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs), which innervate muscle spindles and regulate primary proprioceptive afferent (I A ) feedback on alpha motor neurons (α-MNs). Genetic evidence presented here implicates this major excitatory input in the selective degeneration of α-MNs in ALS. Functional elimination of I A inputs or partial elimination of γ-MNs is protective in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutant mice, suggesting that surviving γ-MNs contribute to α-MN loss by increasing muscle afferent-mediated excitation. This study highlights the role of synaptic connectivity and circuit function in motor neuron disease.
Requirement for the induced expression of a cell wall associated receptor kinase for survival during the pathogen response (1998)

Pathogen infection of angiosperms must rely on some interaction between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the invading agent, and may be accompanied by signaling between the ECM and cytoplasm. An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1) has an amino-terminal domain that is tightly associated with the ECM, spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen, or when the pathogen response is stimulated either by exogenous salicylate (SA) or its analog 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). This Wak1 induction requires the positive regulator NPR1/NIM1. Thus Wak1 is a pathogen-related (PR) protein. Expression of an antisense and a dominant negative allele of Wak1 shows that induced expression of Wak1 is needed for a plant to survive if stimulated by INA. Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1, or the kinase domain alone, can provide resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels. These experiments suggest that Wak1 expression and other PR proteins are protecting plants from detrimental effects incurred during the pathogen response. These results provide a direct link between a protein kinase that could mediate signals from the ECM, to the events that are precipitated by a pathogen infection.
评T.S.库恩的《科学革命的结构》 (1979)

库恩的《科学革命的结构》,对于分析的科学理论说来,具有一种双重的性质,因为它带有科学史家的激情,同时又是针对那些占统治地位的科学理论家们关于重建科学的见解的。库恩在他的这本书的导言中说:“这本书的
Gestational trophoblastic disease: a spectrum of radiologic diagnosis. (1996)

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions that includes hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma. Although ultrasound (US) is the examination of choice for initial diagnosis, plain radiography, angiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging all play a role in determining the presence of GTD and the extent of its complications. US shows molar gestations as alternating cystic and solid tissue that fills the entire uterus. CT and MR imaging are useful in detecting myometrial invasion, parametrial extension, and metastasis. Because each imaging technique offers a unique perspective highlighting different aspects of GTD, it is important to understand the pathophysiology and natural history of the disease. Such knowledge in turn leads to a greater understanding of the spectrum of findings seen on various kinds of radiologic images and enables the radiologist to play an important role in directing patient work-up by recognizing the implications of various findings and guiding management decisions.
Highly active self-immobilized FI-Zr catalysts in a PCP framework for ethylene polymerization (2015)

A series of zirconium-based porous coordination polymers (PCPs) containing FI catalysts in the frameworks have been developed and studied as catalysts for ethylene polymerization. These PCPs exhibit good catalytic activities and long life times, producing polyethylenes with high molecular weights and bimodal molecular weight distribution in the form of particles.
Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.1 1 -based multi-channel wireless mesh network (2005)

Even though multiple non-overlapped channels exist in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrum, most IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoc networks today use only a single channel. As a result, these networks rarely can fully exploit the aggregate bandwidth available in the radio spectrum provisioned by the standards. This prevents them from being used as an ISP's wireless last-mile access network or as a wireless enterprise backbone network. In this paper, we propose a multi-channel wireless mesh network (WMN) architecture (called Hyacinth) that equips each mesh network node with multiple 802.11 network interface cards (NICs). The central design issues of this multi-channel WMN architecture are channel assignment and routing. We show that intelligent channel assignment is critical to Hyacinth's performance, present distributed algorithms that utilize only local traffic load information to dynamically assign channels and to route packets, and compare their performance against a centralized algorithm that performs the same functions. Through an extensive simulation study, we show that even with just 2 NICs on each node, it is possible to improve the network throughput by a factor of 6 to 7 when compared with the conventional single-channel ad hoc network architecture. We also describe and evaluate a 9-node Hyacinth prototype that Is built using commodity PCs each equipped with two 802.11a NICs.
Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide for Patterning and Distributed Ignition Applications (2009)

Photopatterning of graphene oxide films can be achieved by exposing a thin film of graphene oxide to a photographic flash. Absorption of light causes rapid heating of the graphene oxide resulting in deoxygenation to graphitic carbon. Using a transmission electron microscope grid as a mask, the grid pattern can be transferred to a graphene oxide film. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Silk Fibroin Microfluidic Devices (2007)

Microfluidic devices were fabricated from silk fibroin using an aqueous molding process adapted from soft lithography. The process results in mechanically robust, patent devices with macroscopic fluidic connections. Hepatocytes were seeded in the device and perfused for up to five days during which they exhibited liver-specific functions equivalent to that observed for standard tissue culture substrates. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2487_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Targeted mutagenesis: analysis of phenotype without germ line transmission. (1996)

The available techniques for directed gene manipulation in the mouse are unprecedented in any multicellular organism and make the mouse an invaluable tool for unraveling all aspects of mammalian biology. To realize fully the potential of these genetic tools requires that phenotypic analysis be efficient, rapid, and complete. Genetic chimeras and mosaics, in which mutant cells are mixed with wild-type cells, can be used to augment standard analysis of intact mutant animals and alleviate the time required and the expense involved in generating and maintaining multiple strains of mutant mice.
Epidermal Thickness at Different Body Sites: Relationship to Age, Gender, Pigmentation, Blood Content, Skin Type and Smoking Habits (2003)

Epidermal thickness and its relationship to age, gender, skin type, pigmentation, blood content, smoking habits and body site is important in dermatologic research and was investigated in this study. Biopsies from three different body sites of 71 human volunteers were obtained, and thickness of the stratum corneum and cellular epidermis was measured microscopically using a preparation technique preventing tissue damage. Multiple regressions analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the various factors independently of each other. Mean (SD) thickness of the stratum corneum was 18.3 (4.9) microm at the dorsal aspect of the forearm, 11.0 (2.2) microm at the shoulder and 14.9 (3.4) microm at the buttock. Corresponding values for the cellular epidermis were 56.6 (11.5) microm, 70.3 (13.6) microm and 81.5 (15.7) microm, respectively. Body site largely explains the variation in epidermal thickness, but also a significant individual variation was observed. Thickness of the stratum corneum correlated positively to pigmentation (p = 0.0008) and negatively to the number of years of smoking (p < 0.0001). Thickness of the cellular epidermis correlated positively to blood content (P = 0.028) and was greater in males than in females (P < 0.0001). Epidermal thickness was not correlated to age or skin type.
Human osteoblasts support hematopoiesis through the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (1994)

Previous attempts at identifying the constitutive source(s) of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human bone marrow have been unsuccessful despite the fact that normal bone marrow supports abundant myelopoiesis in vivo. We hypothesized that the intimate physical association between bone and hematopoietic cells facilitates interactions between osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cells. Here we provide the first direct evidence that human osteoblasts participate in hematopoiesis by constitutively producing G-CSF and present the protein in a membrane-associated fashion to human hematopoietic progenitors. These results suggest a direct and central role for osteoblasts in normal myelopoiesis.
Multiresolution Recurrent Neural Networks: An Application to Dialogue Response Generation (2017)

We introduce a new class of models called multiresolution recurrent neural networks, which explicitly model natural language generation at multiple levels of abstraction. The models extend the sequence-to-sequence framework to generate two parallel stochastic processes: a sequence of high-level coarse tokens, and a sequence of natural language words (e.g. sentences). The coarse sequences follow a latent stochastic process with a factorial representation, which helps the models generalize to new examples. The coarse sequences can also incorporate task-specific knowledge, when available. In our experiments, the coarse sequences are extracted using automatic procedures, which are designed to capture compositional structure and semantics. These procedures enable training the multiresolution recurrent neural networks by maximizing the exact joint log-likelihood over both sequences. We apply the models to dialogue response generation in the technical support domain and compare them with several competing models. The multiresolution recurrent neural networks outperform competing models by a substantial margin, achieving state-of-the-art results according to both a human evaluation study and automatic evaluation metrics. Furthermore, experiments show the proposed models generate more fluent, relevant and goal-oriented responses.
Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants : Chemistry and Technology (2005)

As the field of tribology has evolved, the lubrication industry is also progressing at an extraordinary rate. Updating the author's bestselling publication, Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids, this book features the contributions of over 60 specialists, ten new chapters, and a new title to reflect the evolving nature of the field: Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology. The book contains chapters on all major lubricant fluids used in a wide range of applications. For each type of lubricant, the authors discuss the historical develo