gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress and Challenges in Screening for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer (2004)

Ovarian cancer is characterize by few early symptoms, presentation at an advanced stage, and poor survival. As a result, it is the most frequent cause of death from gynecological cancer. During the last decade, a research effort has been directed toward improving outcomes for ovarian cancer by screening for preclinical, early stage disease using both imaging techniques and serum markers. Numerous biomarkers have shown potential in samples from clinically diagnosed ovarian cancer patients, but few have been thoroughly assessed in preclinical disease and screening. The most thoroughly investigated biomarker in ovarian cancer screening is CA125. Prospective studies have demonstrated that both CA125 and transvaginal ultrasound can detect a significant proportion of preclinical ovarian cancers, and refinements in interpretation of results have improved sensitivity and reduced the false-positive rate of screening. There is preliminary evidence that screening can improve survival, but the impact of screening on mortality from ovarian cancer is still unclear. Prospective studies of screening are in progress in both the general population and high-risk population, including the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS), a randomized trial involving 200,000 postmenopausal women designed to document the impact of screening on mortality. Recent advances in technology for the study of the serum proteome offer exciting opportunities for the identification of novel biomarkers or patterns of markers that will have greater sensitivity and lead time for preclinical disease than CA125. Considerable interest and controversy has been generated by initial results utilizing surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) in ovarian cancer. There are challenging issues related to the design of studies to evaluate SELDI and other proteomic technology, as well as the reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of this new technology. Large serum banks such as that assembled in UKCTOCS, which contain preclinical samples from patients who later developed ovarian cancer and other disorders, provide a unique resource for carefully designed studies of proteomic technology. There is a sound basis for optimism that further developments in serum proteomic analysis will provide powerful methods for screening in ovarian cancer and many other diseases.
Effectiveness of hyaluronan on corneal epithelial barrier function in dry eye (1997)

This study suggests that hyaluronan is effective in the treatment of corneal epithelial disruption in dry eye.
Block-level link analysis (2004)

Link Analysis has shown great potential in improving the performance of web search. PageRank and HITS are two of the most popular algorithms. Most of the existing link analysis algorithms treat a web page as a single node in the web graph. However, in most cases, a web page contains multiple semantics and hence the web page might not be considered as the atomic node. In this paper, the web page is partitioned into blocks using the vision-based page segmentation algorithm. By extracting the page-to-block, block-to-page relationships from link structure and page layout analysis, we can construct a semantic graph over the WWW such that each node exactly represents a single semantic topic. This graph can better describe the semantic structure of the web. Based on block-level link analysis, we proposed two new algorithms, Block Level PageRank and Block Level HITS, whose performances we study extensively using web data.
Targeting Contact Lens Induced Dryness and Discomfort: What Properties Will Make Lenses More Comfortable (2007)

There are about 35 million contact lens wearers in North America, and about half of them are symptomatic of dryness and discomfort, more commonly experienced at the end of the lens wearing day. Most of these contact lens wearers do not suffer from true dry eye, which is a pervasive and ubiquitous disease or condition that affects many millions of people in North America. It seems fairly clear that the lens causes the eye to become uncomfortable or "dry," and unless it is effectively remedied, the patient will most likely discontinue lens wear. This review describes the dryness and discomfort effects of contact lenses and how contact lens properties with novel solutions have the potential for eliminating or alleviating these symptoms.
Protection from Lymphoma Cell Metastasis in ICAM-1 Mutant Mice: A Posthoming Event (1998)

It has been hypothesized that the intercellular adhesion receptors used by normal cells could also be operative in the spreading of circulating malignant cells to target organs. In the present work, we show that genetic ablation of the ICAM-1 gene confers resistance to T cell lymphoma metastasis. Following i.v. inoculation of LFA-1-expressing malignant T lymphoma cells, we found that ICAM-1-deficient mice were almost completely resistant to the development of lymphoid malignancy compared with wild-type control mice that developed lymphoid tumors in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. Histologic examinations confirmed that ICAM-1-deficient mice, in contrast to wild-type mice, had no evidence of lymphoid infiltration in these organs. The effect of ICAM-1 on T cell lymphoma metastasis was observed in two distinct strains of ICAM-1-deficient animals. Nonetheless, lymphoma cells migrated with the same efficiency to target organs in both normal and ICAM-1-deficient mice, indicating not only that ICAM-1 expression by the host is essential in lymphoma metastasis, but also that this is so at stages subsequent to homing and extravasation into target organs. These results point to posthoming events as a focus of future investigation on the control of metastasis mediated by ICAM-1.
Intrahepatic expression of the hepatic stellate cell marker fibroblast activation protein correlates with the degree of fibrosis in hepatitis C virus infection (2002)

FAP expression, seen at the tissue-remodelling interface, was strongly and significantly correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis. A weaker correlation was seen between glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and fibrosis stage. This contrasted with the absence of a relationship between alpha smooth muscle actin and the fibrotic score. A correlation was also observed between FAP expression and necroinflammatory score. In summary, FAP expression identifies a HSC subpopulation at the tissue-remodelling interface that is related to the severity of liver fibrosis.
The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on restoration of physiological continuity of the spinal cord. A preliminary report. (1990)

The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone on restoration of physiological continuity of the spinal cord in rats was studied. After complete transection of the spinal cord at the midthoracic level eleven of these 21 rats in the study received HCG for six weeks. The other ten served as controls. At the end of six weeks amplitude of the cortically evoked motor At the end of six weeks amplitude of the cortically evoked motor action potential (CEMAP) was measured. The amplitude of the motor action potentials was significantly greater (P less than 0.02) in HCG treated rats. The study thus shows that HCG might help in the restoration of spinal cord function.
Enzyme‐Mediated Site‐Specific Bioconjugation of Metal Complexes to Proteins: Sortase‐Mediated Coupling of Copper‐64 to a Single‐Chain Antibody (2014)

The enzyme-mediated site-specific bioconjugation of a radioactive metal complex to a single-chain antibody using the transpeptidase sortase A is reported. Cage amine sarcophagine ligands that were designed to function as substrates for the sortase A mediated bioconjugation to antibodies were synthesized and enzymatically conjugated to a single-chain variable fragment. The antibody fragment scFv(anti-LIBS) targets ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) on the glycoprotein receptor GPIIb/IIIa, which is present on activated platelets. The immunoconjugates were radiolabeled with the positron-emitting isotope (64)Cu. The new radiolabeled conjugates were shown to bind selectively to activated platelets. The diagnostic potential of the most promising conjugate was demonstrated in an in vivo model of carotid artery thrombosis using positron emission tomography. This approach gives homogeneous products through site-specific enzyme-mediated conjugation and should be broadly applicable to other metal complexes and proteins.
Test–Retest Repeatability of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (2008)

The DPOAE-test-retest study presented here is to our knowledge the first, which combines variation of primary tone levels, assessment of both SF- and MF-modes, and comparison of the two modalities within the same subjects. Although the measurements were conducted under practical conditions resembling the clinical setting, repeatability was generally good. The widely used minimum SNR of 6 dB seems to be a recommendable criterion when considering both practicability and measurement quality under clinical conditions. The current findings underline the suitability of DPOAE as a monitoring tool of cochlear status over time. The data are intended to assist the clinician and the scientist in the correct interpretation of DPOAE level changes in the test-retest situation.
Role of cyclophilin A in the uptake of HIV-1 by macrophages and T lymphocytes (1998)

Cyclophilins are a family of proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA) and possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. In addition, they are secreted by activated cells and act in a cytokine-like manner, presumably via signaling through a cell surface cyclophilin receptor. More recently, host-derived cyclophilin A (CyPA) has been shown to be incorporated into HIV-1 virions and its incorporation essential for viral infectivity. Here we present evidence supporting a role for viral-associated CyPA in the early events of HIV-1 infection. We report that HIV-1 infection of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be inhibited by: (i) an excess of exogenously added CyPA; (ii) a CsA analogue unable to enter the cells; (iii) neutralizing antibodies to CyPA. Taken together with our observations that recombinant CyPA-induced mobilization of calcium in immortalized, as well as primary, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and that incubation of T cells with iodinated CyPA, followed by chemical cross-linking, resulted in the formation of a high molecular mass complex on the cell surface, these results suggest that HIV-1-associated CyPA mediates an early event in viral infection via interaction with a cellular receptor. This interaction may present a target for anti-HIV therapies and vaccines.
User acceptance of location-aware mobile guides based on seven field studies (2004)

Location-awareness provides mobile users with topical and personal contents that may increase the appeal of mobile guides in different application fields. Based on the results of seven field studies, this paper identifies factors of usability, utility and user trust that affect the user acceptance of location-aware mobile guides. The results indicate that on-the-move use sets high requirements for ease-of-use and, in particular, ease of taking the services into use. The need for location-aware mobile guides turned out to be occasional, but in many of those occasional usage situations the guides proved extremely useful. The trade-off between privacy protection and effortless use requires careful consideration, even though in these studies the users turned out to be trusting towards the service providers. The results indicate that location-awareness can provide the users with easy-to-use and situationally relevant mobile guides.
Multiplexed Imaging of Therapeutic Cells with Multispectrally Encoded Magnetofluorescent Nanocomposite Emulsions (2009)

Here, we describe the fabrication of multispectrally encoded nanoprobes, perfluorocarbon (PFC)/quantum dots (QDs) nanocomposite emulsions, which could provide both multispectral MR and multicolor optical imaging modalities. Our strategy exploited the combination of the multispectral MR properties of four different PFC materials and the multicolor emission properties of three different colored CdSe/ZnS QDs. The PFC/QDs nanocomposite emulsions were fabricated by exchanging hydrophobic ligands coated onto CdSe/ZnS QDs using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, which renders the QDs to be dispersible in the PFC liquids. To provide biocompatibility, the PFC liquids containing QDs were emulsified into aqueous solutions with the aid of phospholipids. The distinct (19)F-based MR images of PFC/QDs nanocomposite emulsions were obtained by selective excitation of the nanocomposite emulsions with magnetic resonance frequency of each PFC, while a specific fluorescence image of them could be selected using appropriate optical filters. The uptake of PFC/QDs nanocomposite emulsions was high in phagocytic cells such as macrophages (90.55%) and dendritic cells (85.34%), while it was low in nonphagocytic T cells (33%). We have also shown that the nanocomposite emulsions were successfully applied to differentially visualize immunotherapeutic cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells) in vivo. The PFC/QDs nanocomposite emulsions are expected to be a promising multimodality nanoprobe for the multiplexed detection and imaging of therapeutic cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Botulinum A Toxin Injection as a Treatment for Blepharospasm (1985)

Thirty-nine patients with blepharospasm were treated with injections of botulinum A toxin into the lid and brow. The maximum number of injections in one patient was 16 over a period of 24 months. A reduction of abnormal movement occurred in all patients, lasting up to 170 days. Both the amount and the duration of effect were dose dependent. Reinjection for recurrence had effects similar to the original injection. Tearing, dry-eye symptoms, or transient ptosis occurred in 20% of injections, especially in patients who had had previous eyelid surgery.
The role and regulation of the extracellular proteases of Staphylococcus aureus (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus has several extracellular proteases with proposed roles in virulence. SspA (serine protease), SspB (cysteine protease) and Aur (metalloprotease) have been characterized previously and SspA and SspB were found to be cotranscribed. The coding region for the cysteine protease ScpA has been identified and characterized. It is in a probable bi-cistronic operon with scpA located immediately upstream of a coding region for a 108 aa protein that is a specific inhibitor of ScpA. Using primer extension analysis promoters have been mapped and it was found that σ A is the only sigma factor involved in the transcription of scpA, sspABC and aur. The transcription of all the genes occurs maximally at post-exponential phase, being positively regulated by agr (accessory gene regulator) and negatively regulated by sarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator). Furthermore σ B represses transcription from the aur and scp operons similarly to the previously shown effect on ssp [ Horsburgh, M., Aish, J., White, I., Shaw, L., Lithgow, J. &amp; Foster, S. (2002). J Bacteriol 184, 5457–5467 ]. Using mutations in each protease gene the proteolytic cascade of activation has been analysed. Aur, SspA, SspB and ScpA are all produced as zymogens, activated by proteolytic cleavage. Although the metalloprotease, Aur, does catalyse activation of the SspA zymogen, it is not the sole agent capable of conducting this process. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Aur is not capable of undergoing auto-proteolysis to achieve activation. The cysteine protease, ScpA, appears to reside outside this cascade of activation, as mature ScpA was observed in the aur, sspA and sspB mutant strains. Using a mouse abscess model, it has been shown that insertional inactivation of sspA or sspB results in significant attenuation of virulence, whilst mutations in aur or scpA do not. It is likely the attenuation observed in the sspA strain is due to polarity on the sspB gene.
A Novel Form of Pointing Device (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach for man machine interaction applying real time computer vision techniques. We use a handheld camera to control the mouse cursor on a computer display. The camera captures an image of the display in its eld of view and this can be used to judge the camera's position and orientation relative to the display. The problem is modelled as a plane-to-plane projection (homography). Once the mapping of the display in the camera view to the real world display is known, the intersection between the central axis of the camera and the surface of the display can be computed. The mouse pointer is then moved to the corresponding display position. This calculation can be iterated continuously to update the mouse cursor position as the camera position and orientation changes. The camera can then be used to control the mouse cursor just like a laser pointer controls a laser dot. A prototype has been developed to demonstrate the approach.
Recombinant and tissue extract thromboplastins for determination of international normalised ratio in over-anticoagulated patients. (1999)

The international normalised ratio (INR)/international sensitivity index (ISI) system is established for calibration of thromboplastins for laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy. The calibration procedure employs patients stabilised on oral anticoagulants, and is therefore validated for patients within the therapeutic range. For practical reasons, the system is used for patients at all levels of therapy, including over-anticoagulated patients with particularly low levels of factors II, VII and X. We studied patients within and above the therapeutic range, using a thromboplastin containing recombinant human tissue factor (Innovin) and two tissue extract thromboplastins. In samples with INRs from 2.0 to 4.0, there was good agreement between results obtained with the three systems (mean INRs within 4% of each other). In patients with INRs > 4.0, results with a human placental extract reagent (Thromborel S) were similar to those obtained with a rabbit brain thromboplastin (IL PT Fib Hs Plus); mean INRs were 6.30 and 6.32 respectively (not significant). Results with Innovin (mean INR: 7.67) were significantly (P < 0.001) greater (on average by 22%) than those obtained with the other two materials. The discrepancy between results with different reagents negatively correlated with factor VII levels. Thus, the lower the factor VII level, the greater was the discrepancy between INRs. Unexpectedly, there was a positive correlation between factor V level and the difference between INRs with different reagents. Thus, the higher the factor V level, the greater was the discrepancy between INRs. The effect of these differences at higher INRs on patient management is unknown, but the recently revised UK guidelines recommend that management of these patients should be influenced by clinical factors, reducing the relative importance of discrepancies between results obtained with different systems.
Effect of Procalcitonin-Based Guidelines vs Standard Guidelines on Antibiotic Use in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (2009)

isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN95122877.
Identifying and classifying subjective claims (2007)

To understand the subjective documents, for example, public comments on the government's proposed regulation, opinion identification and classification is required. Rather than classifying documents or sentences into binary polarities as in much previous work, we identify the main claim or assertion of the writer and classify it into the predefined classes of opinion (attitude) over the topic. For the classification of the claims, we automatically build a list of multi-word subjective expressions by extending a small set of seed words, using automatically generated paraphrases from machine translation corpus. Our supervised machine learning method shows significant improvement over the baseline both in identification and classification of claims.
Chromosome Segregation in Mitosis and Meiosis (1985)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Optimal EMG signal bandwidth and interelectrode distance for the recording of acoustic, electrocutaneous, and photic blink reflexes (1998)

The bandwidth for the recording of the orbicularis oculi blink reflex electromyogram (EMG) response is optimal when low-frequency artifacts, such as motion artifacts and cross-talk from other muscles, are maximally suppressed, whereas true EMG signal power is maximally retained. The optimal bandwidth was investigated for acoustic, electrocutaneous, and photic blink reflexes. Reflexes were recorded with varying bandwidth and interelectrode distances of 12 and 36 mm. Power spectra of the EMG signals were calculated and compared with a theoretical spectrum of the uncontaminated EMG signal. For both electrode distances, the optimal bandwidth was on the average 28–500 Hz for acoustic and electrocutaneous blink reflexes and 12–500 Hz for photic blinks. Using photic stimuli, however, a high-pass filter frequency larger than 12 Hz (probably at least 30 Hz) in combination with occlusion of the eye will be necessary to avoid influences of retinal potentials. Given the optimal bandwidth, a larger electrode spacing may be expected to moderately improve the detectability of small blinks in all stimulus conditions.
Sulfonated surfactants obtained from furfural (2013)

Furfural obtained from pentose containing biomass such as hemicelluloses is subjected to photooxygenation. The resulting hydroxyfuranone obtained in high yields undergoes acetalization with fatty alcohols. Using NaHSO3, surfactants are obtained by addition of a sulfonate group to α,β-unsaturated carboxyl or carbonyl compounds. Addition occurred either at the CC double bond (6) or at the aldehyde function (7). Compared to conventional surfactants of this type, the resulting compounds possess similar good detergent properties. In the case of compound family 6 and when compared to the corresponding alkylsulfate and alkylsulfonate surfactants, even lower critical micelle concentrations (CMC) are observed. Biodegradation of the new surfactants was determined according to the OECD Test guideline 301 F. Compounds of family 6 are biodegradable. Biodegradation of compounds of family 7 stopped after 10 days.
Effect of the o-methyl catechols apocynin, curcumin and vanillin on the cytotoxicity activity of tamoxifen (2012)

Apocynin (APO), curcumin (CUR) and vanillin (VAN) are o-methyl catechols widely studied due their antioxidant and antitumour properties. The effect of treatment with these o-methyl catechols on tamoxifen (TAM)-induced cytotoxicity in normal and tumour cells was studied. The cytotoxicity of TAM on red blood cells (RBC) was performed by haemoglobin or K(+)release and on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Cytotoxic activity was assessed in human chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) cell line by (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). According the release of haemoglobin and K(+), the CUR showed a decrease in TAM cytotoxicity on RBC; however, in PMN, APO, CUR and VAN showed increased of these cells viability. VAN presented the highest cytotoxicity on K562 cells, followed by APO and CUR. These results point the potential therapeutic value of these o-methyl catechols with TAM, particularly of CUR, which potentiates the cytotoxic effects of TAM on K562 cells and also decreases TAM-associated cytotoxicity on RBC and PMN.