gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (1989)

Facial skeletal morphology was studied by cephalometric analysis in 25 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and ten controls. The hyoid bone was more inferiorly positioned in patients (at the level of cervical vertebrae C4-C6) than in controls (C3-C4 level). The height and length of the nasal cavity was normal, while the length of the bony nasopharynx was moderately reduced. The mandibular plane inclination was slightly larger in patients as was the anterior face height. Mandibular retrognathia was demonstrated in six patients (24 per cent), but the angles of maxillary and mandibular prognathism was within normal limits when the group was considered as a unity. Cephalometric analysis is highly recommended as a diagnostic aid in OSAS patients, especially when surgical intervention is considered.
β-Cyclodextrin Production by Simultaneous Fermentation and Cyclization (1998)

Production of β-cyclodextrin (CD) with high-dextrose equivalent (DE) starch hydrolysates by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization (SFC) gives higher yields than using only the enzyme CGTase, because fermentation eliminates glucose and maltose that inhibit CD production, while at the same time, produces ethanol that increases yield. A 10% (w/v) solution of cassava starch, liquefied with α-amylase, was incubated with CGTase using: only the enzyme, added ethanol (from 1 to 5%), and added yeast, S. cerevisiae (12% w/v), plus nutrients, the latter being the SFC process. Reaction conditions were: 38°C, pH 6.0, DE from 2 to 25, and 3.3 mL of CGTase/L. The yield of β-CD has decreased with an increase in DE, and maximum reaction yields were found for DE equal to 3.54, reaching 5.6, 14.7, and 11.5 mM β-CD, respectively. For an increase of DE, of approx 6 times (from 3.54 to 23.79), β-CD yield decreased 6 times for the first, and second reaction media with 3% (v/v) ethanol, and only approx 3 times for SFC (from 11.5 to 3.73 mM), showing that this process is less sensitive to variations in the DE.
Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency ofp-nJunction Solar Cells (1961)

In order to find an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p-n junction solar energy converters, a limiting efficiency, called the detailed balance limit of efficiency, has been calculated for an ideal case in which the only recombination mechanism of hole-electron pairs is radiative as required by the principle of detailed balance. The efficiency is also calculated for the case in which radiative recombination is only a fixed fraction fc of the total recombination, the rest being nonradiative. Efficiencies at the matched loads have been calculated with band gap and fc as parameters, the sun and cell being assumed to be blackbodies with temperatures of 6000°K and 300°K, respectively. The maximum efficiency is found to be 30% for an energy gap of 1.1 ev and fc = 1. Actual junctions do not obey the predicted current-voltage relationship, and reasons for the difference and its relevance to efficiency are discussed.
Aligned carbon nanotube array stiffness from stochastic three-dimensional morphology (2015)

The landmark theoretical properties of low dimensional materials have driven more than a decade of research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and related nanostructures. While studies on isolated CNTs report behavior that aligns closely with theoretical predictions, studies on cm-scale aligned CNT arrays (>10(10) CNTs) oftentimes report properties that are orders of magnitude below those predicted by theory. Using simulated arrays comprised of up to 10(5) CNTs with realistic stochastic morphologies, we show that the CNT waviness, quantified via the waviness ratio (w), is responsible for more than three orders of magnitude reduction in the effective CNT stiffness. Also, by including information on the volume fraction scaling of the CNT waviness, the simulation shows that the observed non-linear enhancement of the array stiffness as a function of the CNT close packing originates from the shear and torsion deformation mechanisms that are governed by the low shear modulus (∼1 GPa) of the CNTs.
Aggregates of acetylcholine receptors are associated with plaques of a basal lamina heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the surface of skeletal muscle fibers. (1983)

Hybridoma techniques have been used to generate monoclonal antibodies to an antigen concentrated in the basal lamina at the Xenopus laevis neuromuscular junction. The antibodies selectively precipitate a high molecular weight heparan sulfate proteoglycan from conditioned medium of muscle cultures grown in the presence of [35S]methionine or [35S]sulfate. Electron microscope autoradiography of adult X. laevis muscle fibers exposed to 125I-labeled antibody confirms that the antigen is localized within the basal lamina of skeletal muscle fibers and is concentrated at least fivefold within the specialized basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. Fluorescence immunocytochemical experiments suggest that a similar proteoglycan is also present in other basement membranes, including those associated with blood vessels, myelinated axons, nerve sheath, and notochord. During development in culture, the surface of embryonic muscle cells displays a conspicuously non-uniform distribution of this basal lamina proteoglycan, consisting of large areas with a low antigen site-density and a variety of discrete plaques and fibrils. Clusters of acetylcholine receptors that form on muscle cells cultured without nerve are invariably associated with adjacent, congruent plaques containing basal lamina proteoglycan. This is also true for clusters of junctional receptors formed during synaptogenesis in vitro. This correlation indicates that the spatial organization of receptor and proteoglycan is coordinately regulated, and suggests that interactions between these two species may contribute to the localization of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Evidence for IL-1 receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of depression. (2009)

Uncontrollable stress, a major precipitant of depression in humans and in animal paradigms, impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, which is necessary for the behavioral effects of antidepressants in models of depression that require chronic treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying these anti-neurogenic and behavioral effects of stress have not been elucidated. Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be contributing factors to stress and have been implicated in stress-related mood disorders such as major depression. In particular, IL-1 beta has been proposed to be a key mediator in a variety of behavioral actions of stress. Notably, the administration of a IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) blocks the stress-like effects of IL-1 beta in both cellular and behavioral models. This review highlights the increasing interest in the relationship between IL-1 beta, neurogenesis, stress and depression, and discusses the potential of IL-1Ra or other cytokine antagonists as new candidates for the treatment of depression.
Querying and retrieving pictorial data using semantics induced by colour quality and arrangement (2002)

In this paper a novel approach is featured to querying painting databases on the basis of the semantics implied by the use artists make of colours. A symbolic query language, called "colour description language" has been designed to express high-level chromatic features of a painting, which cannot be obtained through a set of concrete examples. A visual extension of the language is then presented which introduces a feedback between the sentence composed and its pictorial meaning. The language has been used as the high-level query paradigm of a prototype automatic painting database.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 and exendin-4 convert pancreatic AR42J cells into glucagon- and insulin-producing cells. (1999)

In this article, we show that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can induce AR42J cells to differentiate into insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon-positive cells. In their natural state, these cells, which are derived from a chemically induced pancreatic tumor, possess exocrine and neuroendocrine properties but are negative for islet hormones and their mRNAs. We found that when these cells were exposed to GLP-1 (1 or 10 nmol), a peptide normally released from the gut in response to food and a modulator of insulin release, intracellular cAMP levels were increased, and proliferation of cells was increased for the first 24 h, followed by inhibition. Up to 50% of the cells became positive for islet hormones. The mRNAs for glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase were detected in the GLP-1-treated cells. Insulin was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the medium of GLP-1-treated cells, and the cells were capable of releasing insulin in a glucose-mediated fashion. Exendin-4, an analog of GLP-1, in some critical experiments performed in a similar manner to GLP-1, with the exception of it being 10-fold more potent. We therefore propose that GLP-1 and exendin-4 are capable of causing pancreatic precursor cells to differentiate into islet cells.
Development of GFP-based biosensors possessing the binding properties of antibodies (2009)

Proteins that can bind specifically to targets that also have an intrinsic property allowing for easy detection could facilitate a multitude of applications. While the widely used green fluorescent protein (GFP) allows for easy detection, attempts to insert multiple binding loops into GFP to impart affinity for a specific target have been met with limited success because of the structural sensitivity of the GFP chromophore. In this study, directed evolution using a surrogate loop approach and yeast surface display yielded a family of GFP scaffolds capable of accommodating 2 proximal, randomized binding loops. The library of potential GFP-based binders or ''GFAbs'' was subsequently mined for GFAbs capable of binding to protein targets. Identified GFAbs bound with nanomolar affinity and required binding contributions from both loops indicating the advantage of a dual loop GFAb platform. Finally, GFAbs were solubly produced and used as fluorescence detection reagents to demonstrate their utility.
Colonization of human lung grafts in SCID-hu mice by human colon carcinoma cells (1996)

Human colon carcinoma cell lines were examined in a colonization assay using SCID-hu mice engrafted with human fetal lung (HFL) tissues. Cell lines SW620 and COLO 320DM, derived from metastatic tumors, colonized HFL grafts after i.v. injection into SCID-hu mice. Cell lines SW480 and T34 initiated from primary colon tumors were unable to colonize HFL grafts. The ability to colonize HFL grafts but not mouse lungs of SCID-hu-L mice correctly reflects the clinical origin of these human colon carcinoma cell lines. Expression of a number of cell adhesion molecules was examined on SW480, SW620 and in vivo selected highly aggressive variants of SW620. NCAM and integrin alpha 3 expressed on the surface of SW480 cells were lost from metastatic cells, while carbohydrate ligands sialyl Lewis x and a, previously shown to be upregulated in metastatic colorectal tumors, were expressed at higher levels on colonizing cells. Unlike SW480, SW620 and its in vivo selected variants expressed RNA for calcium binding protein calbindin-D28K, a neuroendocrine marker. Acquisition of neuroendocrine features might be of potential importance in the development of the metastatic phenotype.
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of the human FMS proto-oncogene. (1989)

The human proto-oncogene c-fms [FMS] on chromosome 5q33.3 encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity that functions as the cell surface receptor for the macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1 or M-CSF). Overlapping bacteriophage clones that included 35 kb of the FMS locus and contained the complete coding sequence of the CSF-1 receptor were subjected to nucleotide sequencing analysis. Comparison with the cDNA sequence of the human c-fms gene indicated that at least one 5' noncoding exon is located far upstream (ca. 26 kb) from sequences encoding the CSF-1 receptor. The FMS coding sequence consists of 21 small exons and heterogeneously sized introns, ranging from 6.3 kb to less than 0.1 kb in complexity.
High-resolution dynamic31P-MRSI using a low-rank tensor model (2017)

Dynamic spatiospectral variations of <sup>31</sup> P-MRSI signals can be efficiently represented by a low-rank tensor. Exploiting this mathematical structure for data acquisition and image reconstruction can lead to fast <sup>31</sup> P-MRSI with high resolution, frame-rate, and SNR. Magn Reson Med 78:419-428, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Site-specific Genetic Recombination Promoted by the FLP Protein of the Yeast 2-micron Plasmid In Vitro (1984)

The yeast 2-micron plasmid is a 6318-bp circular DNA molecule present at 50–100 copies per cell in most yeast strains (Broach 1981). The plasmid has been sequenced (Hartley and Donelson 1980) and has been utilized as a cloning vector in yeast (Botstein and Davis 1982). A notable feature of the sequence of this plasmid is a 599-bp inverted repeat, which divides the plasmid into two roughly equivalent segments. Recombination between these repeats inverts one segment of the plasmid relative to the other (Broach et al. 1982). This results in two forms of the plasmid, A and B, which occur in equal concentrations in plasmid DNA isolated from yeast cells. In addition, 10–20% of the 2-micron plasmid DNA isolated from yeast is present in dimeric or other multimeric forms (Royer and Hollenberg 1977). These multimers could arise in vivo due to intramolecular recombination within a θ-structure replication intermediate or could be...
Chemotherapy induces enrichment of CD47 + /CD73 + /PDL1 + immune evasive triple-negative breast cancer cells (2018)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and is often characterized by early relapse and metastasis. To form a secondary (recurrent and/or metastatic) tumor, a breast cancer cell must evade the innate and adaptive immune systems. CD47 enables cancer cells to evade killing by macrophages, whereas CD73 and PDL1 mediate independent mechanisms of evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here, we report that treatment of human or murine TNBC cells with carboplatin, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, or paclitaxel induces the coordinate transcriptional induction of CD47, CD73, and PDL1 mRNA and protein expression, leading to a marked increase in the percentage of CD47<sup>+</sup>CD73<sup>+</sup>PDL1<sup>+</sup> breast cancer cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) blocked chemotherapy-induced enrichment of CD47<sup>+</sup>CD73<sup>+</sup>PDL1<sup>+</sup> TNBC cells, which were also enriched in the absence of chemotherapy by incubation under hypoxic conditions, leading to T cell anergy or death. Treatment of mice with cytotoxic chemotherapy markedly increased the intratumoral ratio of regulatory/effector T cells, an effect that was abrogated by HIF inhibition. Our results delineate an HIF-dependent transcriptional mechanism contributing to TNBC progression and suggest that combining chemotherapy with an HIF inhibitor may prevent countertherapeutic induction of proteins that mediate evasion of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity.
Lentil Lectin Enriched Microsomes from the Plasma Membrane of the Human B-Lymphocyte Cell Line H2LCL Carry a Heavy Load of Type-1 Porin (1998)

Using an established biochemical approach, five subcellular fractions of human B lymphocytes were prepared by differential centrifugation. Crude membranes were passed over a lentil lectin column to enrich carbohydrate-coated cell surface microsomes. The lectin-bound fraction contained a high amount of plasma membrane-derived microsomes as indicated by cell surface markers. All subcellular fractions in Western blots proved to contain distinct but variable amounts of porin. There was a strong increase in porin content from crude membranes to plasma membrane-derived vesicles. The porin content of this fraction appeared to be higher than that of mitochondria. In the final step the plasma membrane-derived microsome fraction proved to be devoid of contamination by outer mitochondrial membranes, as revealed by antibodies against the established markers MAO B and Tom20 applied in Western blots. These data prove the extramitochondrial expression of human type-1 porin/ type-1 VDAC.
Expression and regulation of Escherichia coli lacZ gene fusions in mammalian cells. (1983)

Gene fusions between the Escherichia coli lacZ gene and DNA segments containing the simian virus 40 early promoter or the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter direct the synthesis of functional beta-galactosidase in Cos 7 monkey cells and mouse Ltk-cells. Enzymatic activity was measured either 72 h after transfection or in stable transformants. The sensitive beta-galactosidase assay was used to measure gene expression and to optimize the efficiency of DNA-mediated transfection. Glucocorticoids stimulated the production of beta-galactosidase when lacZ was fused to the hormonally regulated MMTV promoter.
Peptide Nucleic Acids Are Potent Modulators of Endogenous Pre-mRNA Splicing of the Murine Interleukin-5 Receptor-α Chain (2001)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that bind target pre-mRNA with high affinity have been shown to alter splicing patterns and offer promise as therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that ASOs fully modified with 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-O-MOE) sugar residues redirect constitutive and alternative splicing of the murine interleukin-5 receptor-alpha (IL-5Ralpha) chain pre-mRNA in cells, resulting in inhibition of the membrane-bound isoform and enhanced expression of the soluble isoform. Here, we show that antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) alter splicing of the IL-5Ralpha pre-mRNA in a fashion similar to their 2'-O-MOE-modified counterparts of the same sequence. Moreover, using PNA as the splicing modulator, the length of the antisense oligomer could be shortened from 20 to 15 nucleobase units to obtain a comparable effect. Treatment of cells with antisense PNA resulted in dose-dependent, specific downregulation of IL-5Ralpha membrane isoform mRNA expression and enhanced levels of the soluble IL-5Ralpha isoform transcript, with an EC50 equivalent to that observed in parallel with the corresponding 2'-O-MOE ASO. The pronounced activity of antisense PNAs in modulating IL-5Ralpha mRNA splicing observed in our study identifies these compounds as a promising new class of lower molecular weight splicing modulators.
Tracking vocal tract resonances using an analytical nonlinear predictor and a target-guided temporal constraint (2003)

A technique for high-accuracy tracking of formants or vocal tract resonances is presented in this paper using a novel nonlinear predictor and using a target-directed temporal constraint. The nonlinear predictor is constructed from a parameter-free, discrete mapping function from the formant (frequencies and bandwidths) space to the LPC-cepstral space, with trainable residuals. We examine in this study the key role of vocal tract resonance targets in the tracking accuracy. Experimental results show that due to the use of the targets, the tracked formants in the consonantal regions (including closures and short pauses) of the speech utterance exhibit the same dynamic properties as for the vocalic regions, and reflect the underlying vocal tract resonances. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of training the prediction-residual parameters and of incorporating the target-based constraint in obtaining high-accuracy formant estimates, especially for non-sonorant portions of speech.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Conversion of Nitriles to Amides by Amberlyst A‐26 Supported Hydroperoxide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peptide‐specific antibodies localize the major lipid binding sites of talin dimers to oppositely arranged N‐terminal 47 kDa subdomains1 (1998)

Using ultrastructural analysis and labeling with polyclonal antibodies that recognize peptide sequences specific for phospholipid binding, we mapped the functional domain structure of intact platelet talin and its proteolytic fragments. The talin dimer, which is crucial for actin and lipid binding, is built of a backbone containing the 200 kDa rod portions, at both ends of which a 47 kDa globular domain is attached. Peptide-specific polyclonal antibodies were raised against three potential lipid binding sequences residing within the N-terminal 47 kDa domain (i.e. S19, amino acids 21-39; H18, amino acids 287-304; and H17, amino acids 385-406). Antibodies H17 and H18 localize these lipid binding sequences within the N-terminal 47 kDa globular talin subdomains opposed at the outer 200 kDa rod domains within talin dimers. Hence, we conclude that in its dimeric form, which is used in actin and lipid binding, talin is a dumbbell-shaped molecule built of two antiparallel subunits.
ER-X: A Novel, Plasma Membrane-Associated, Putative Estrogen Receptor That Is Regulated during Development and after Ischemic Brain Injury (2002)

We showed previously in neocortical explants, derived from developing wild-type and estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene-disrupted (ERKO) mice, that both 17alpha- and 17beta-estradiol elicit the rapid and sustained phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2. We proposed that the ER mediating activation of the MAPK cascade, a signaling pathway important for cell division, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal survival in the developing brain, is neither ER-alpha nor ER-beta but a novel, plasma membrane-associated, putative ER with unique properties. The data presented here provide further evidence that points strongly to the existence of a high-affinity, saturable, 3H-estradiol binding site (K(d), approximately 1.6 nm) in the plasma membrane. Unlike neocortical ER-alpha, which is intranuclear and developmentally regulated, and neocortical ER-beta, which is intranuclear and expressed throughout life, this functional, plasma membrane-associated ER, which we have designated "ER-X," is enriched in caveolar-like microdomains (CLMs) of postnatal, but not adult, wild-type and ERKO neocortical and uterine plasma membranes. We show further that ER-X is functionally distinct from ER-alpha and ER-beta, and that, like ER-alpha, it is re-expressed in the adult brain, after ischemic stroke injury. We also confirmed in a cell-free system that ER-alpha is an inhibitory regulator of ERK activation, as we showed previously in neocortical cultures. Association with CLM complexes positions ER-X uniquely to interact rapidly with kinases of the MAPK cascade and other signaling pathways, providing a novel mechanism for mediation of the influences of estrogen on neuronal differentiation, survival, and plasticity.