gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrogenic Reactions After Inadvertent Infusion of Endotoxin During Cardiac Catheterizations (1980)

In April 1976 the attack rate of chills and fever with or without falls in blood pressure increased in association with cardiac catheterizations. Fevers were associated with coronary angiography and right and left heart catheterizations. Blood cultures were negative, and reactions did not correlate with amounts of contrast materials infused or with procedures done by a single operator. Significant numbers of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (var. anitratus) and a Pseudomonas species were cultured from hospital-reservoir distilled water when it was flushed through a catheter before gas sterilization. This same water after ethylene oxide sterilization contained 2 x 10(5) ng/mL of endotoxin by limulus lysate test and was positive by rabbit pyrogen test. When washed reusable cardiac catheters were sterilized daily or when disposable catheters were substituted, febrile reactions ended. Pyrogenic reactions in patients undergoing cardiac catheterizations correlated with emptying retained endotoxin with injected contrast material from reused washed-sterilized catheters.
Semiconductor or vibration sensors using multiple cantilever beams with different lengths (1991)

Abstract Semiconductor vibration sensors incorporating ten polycrystalline silicon cantilever beams with different lengths and the detection circuitry on the same substrate have been developed. The sensors were designed to detect a resonance of each beam by capacitance change and to discriminate knockings precisely by outputting the vibration spectrum. This paper describes the structure of the sensors, the analysis of the characteristics, the fabrication process, and the measured results. The cantilever beams consist of triply stacked layers of Si3N4/p 4 poly‐Si/Si3N4 and are released from the substrate by etching a sacrificial layer of an undoped poly‐Si, where the warps of the beams are adjusted through thickness control of the upper silicon nitride layer. The measured resonant frequencies of the fabricated sensors were 5 to 14 kHz for the 1‐μm thick, 100‐μm wide beams with lengths of 510 to 310 μm, which agreed approximately with the values calculated using a simple model. The sensitivity at resonance depended on the ambient pressure and was about 10mV/G with Q of 100 at 5 × 10 −6 torr. In the test using a one‐cycle engine, remarkable outputs were observed for knocking vibrations with peak frequencies near the resonant frequencies of the beams.
What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Dashboards? (2018)

Dashboards are one of the most common use cases for data visualization, and their design and contexts of use are considerably different from exploratory visualization tools. In this paper, we look at the broad scope of how dashboards are used in practice through an analysis of dashboard examples and documentation about their use. We systematically review the literature surrounding dashboard use, construct a design space for dashboards, and identify major dashboard types. We characterize dashboards by their design goals, levels of interaction, and the practices around them. Our framework and literature review suggest a number of fruitful research directions to better support dashboard design, implementation, and use.
Inhibition by D-mannoheptulose of D-glucose phosphorylation and metabolism: comparison between liver, parotid cells and pancreatic islets (1997)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Inversion of Spin Polarization and Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Spin-Dependent Tunneling Junctions (1999)

An inversion of spin polarization has been observed in spin-dependent tunneling (SDT) junctions with ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ barriers. The resistance of an SDT junction is found to be lower with magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrodes aligned antiparallel under specific voltage configurations. The tunneling magnetoresistance effect changes sign with applied voltage and varies from $+1%$ to $\ensuremath{-}4%$ at room temperature. This inversion is believed to be due to the change in sign with bias of the spin polarization of one of the two electrodes. The strong dependence on voltage suggests negative spin polarization could arise from the densities of states for spins being different at the two electrode/barrier interfaces.
Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer (2012)

Bladder carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Up to 85% of patients with bladder cancer are diagnosed with a tumor that is limited to the bladder mucosa (Ta, T1, and CIS). These stages are commonly termed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although the treatment of NMIBC has greatly improved in recent years, there is a need for additional therapies when patients fail bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and chemotherapeutic agents. We propose that bladder cancer may be an ideal target for oncolytic viruses engineered to selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells leaving normal cells unharmed. In support of this hypothesis, here we review current treatment strategies for bladder cancer and their shortcomings, as well as recent advancements in oncolytic viral therapy demonstrating encouraging safety profiles and antitumor activity.
Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial (2020)

Icosapent ethyl demonstrated significant regression of LAP volume on MDCT compared with placebo over 18 months. EVAPORATE provides important mechanistic data on plaque characteristics that may have relevance to the REDUCE-IT results and clinical use of IPE.
Incidence of multiple sclerosis in Macomer, Sardinia, 1912–1981 (1986)

Intensive search of all cases of MS occurring in the Sardinian commune of Macomer since 1912 indicated that MS was absent up to the early 1950s. All 13 ascertained cases had clinical onset in the years 1952-1981. During this period, the average annual incidence was 4.8 per 100,000; the highest incidence was found in the period 1957-1961, slowly decreasing up to 1981. MS was probably introduced after 1945, when the centuries-old isolation of Macomer ended and the native population came into contact with individuals from high- and medium-risk areas.
Incorporation of Caseinoglycomacropeptide and Caseinophosphopeptide into the Salivary Pellicle Inhibits Adherence of Mutans Streptococci (1996)

The protective effects of milk and milk products against dental caries have been demonstrated in many animal studies. We have shown that this effect was mediated by micellar casein or caseinopeptide derivatives. A reduction in the Streptococcus sobrinus population in the oral microbiota of animals fed diets supplemented with these milk components was consistently observed. A possible explanation for these findings is that milk components are incorporated into the salivary pellicle, thereby reducing the adherence of S. sobrinus. This hypothesis was tested in vitro by the incubation of bovine enamel discs with unstimulated saliva. The resulting pellicle was washed and incubated with caseinoglycomacropeptide (CGMP) and/or caseinophosphopeptide (CPP) labeled with 17- and 12-nm gold particles. All samples were prepared for electron microscopy by high-pressure freezing followed by freeze-substitution. It was demonstrated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy with back-scattered electron imaging, as well as by transmission electron microscopy, that both peptides were incorporated into the pellicle in exchange for albumin, confirming previous findings. This protein was identified with a mouse anti-human serum albumin followed by goat anti-mouse IgG labeled with 25-nm gold particles. Incorporation of CGMP and/or CPP into salivary pellicles reduced the adherence of both S. sobrinus and S. mutans significantly. It is suggested that the calcium and phosphate-rich micellar casein or caseinopeptides are incorporated into the pellicle. The resulting ecological shifts, together with the increased remineralization potential of this biofilm, may explain its modified cariogenic potential.
Effect of Processing Methods and Heat Treatment on the Formation of Wax Matrix Tablets for Sustained Drug Release (2001)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of processing methods and heat treatment on matrix formation and subsequent drug release from wax matrix tablets for controlled release. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) and Compritol were processed with appropriate diluent(s) using either dry blending (DB), wet granulation (WG), partial melt granulation (PMG), or melt granulation (MG). Then the tablets were heat-treated at 80 degrees C. Particle size distribution and compressibility, along with drug release, tablet micro-morphology, wettability, porosity, and tortuosity were investigated. The drug release was different for the four processing methods even though the tablet formulation was identical. Heat treatment further retarded drug release and its effect was related to the previous manufacturing processes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that heat treatment redistributed the wax and formed a film-like structure covering drug and excipients. The contact angle of tablets made from DB, WG, and PMG methods increased after heat treatment, while that of tablets made from MG remained constant. Tablet tortuosity calculated from drug release rate constants increased dramatically after heat treatment. Drug release from the wax tablets with or without heat treatment was best described by the Higuchi equation. Different processing methods produced different matrix structures that resulted in different drug release rates. Heat treatment retarded drug release mainly by increasing tortuosity of the matrix. Contact angle measurement and SEM analysis indicated that heat treatment caused the wax to melt, redistribute, coat the drug and diluents, and form a network structure.
Molecular Biology of Mammalian Amino Acid Transporters (1996)

Recently a number of α-amino acid transport proteins and corresponding cDNA clones have been isolated and categorized into gene families. The “CAT family” contains two members that mediate high-affinity Na+-independent transport of cationic amino acids in many tissues, and a third member that encodes a liver-specific low-affinity activity. The “glutamate transporter family” contains at least four members that mediate Na+-dependent glutamate/aspartate uptake and two members that are selective for neutral amino acids. The glutamate transporters are expressed at high levels in both glia and neurons of the central nervous system. The Na+/Cl--dependent proline transporter (PROT) belongs to a large superfamily of neurotransmitter transporters and is expressed in regions of the brain that contain glutamanergic neurons. All four glycine transporters of the “GLYT family” also belong to the neurotransmitter superfamily and exhibit the greatest expression in the central nervous system. The “rBAT/4F2hc family” of proteins induce both neutral and cationic amino acid uptake when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Cystinuria is linked to specific mutations in the rBAT sequence.
Inhibitors of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Synthesis and biological activities of 8-amino-3-benzylhypoxanthine and related analogs (1992)

A series of 3-substituted hypoxanthines (6-10, 14-17) and related analogues (22, 23) have been synthesized as inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which may conceivably act as T-cell-selective immunosuppressive agents with potential utility in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, in organ transplantations, and in T-cell leukemias. The compounds were evaluated for their PNP activity by a radiochemical assay and also for their cytotoxic effects on a T-lymphoblastoid cell line (MOLT-4). Appropriate substitutions on 3-benzylhypoxanthine (7a) (IC50 in PNP assay, 112 microM; IC50 in MOLT-4 assay, 204.2 microM) increase potency: 8-amino (17a; 42.6, 65.2), 2-hydroxy (9a; 13.4, 28.6), 2-amino (10a; 11.4, 29.1), and 2,8-diamino (16a; 5.0, 11.9). Variation of the 3-aryl substituents of 16a as in 16b-d has thus far failed to further increase potency. Replacement of the 6-oxygen function in 7a with the analoguous nitrogen or sulfur functions, as in 22a and 23a, resulted in little change in activity. Other variations including the increase of the 3-aliphatic chain length as in 6h and 7h (n = 2), the substitution of the phenyl ring with electron-withdrawing groups as in 7e-g, and replacement of the 2-hydrogen with methylthio as in 8a and 14a resulted in decrease of activity. The values for 16a-d represent moderate but significant activities, as compared to the most active inhibitor presently known, 8-amino-9-thienylguanine (1c; 0.17, 0.82). 2,8-Diamino-3-substituted hypoxanthines (16a-d) represent a novel structural type hitherto unreported in the literature, and efficient methodologies for their synthesis were developed in the present studies. The formation of the aminoimidazole moiety occurred through a base-catalyzed 1,5-(O----N)-carbamimidoyl rearrangement (13 to 14, 20 to 16).
AUTOLOGOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL MOSAICPLASTY FOR THE TREATMENT OF FULL-THICKNESS DEFECTS OF WEIGHT-BEARING JOINTS (2003)

On the basis of these promising results and those of other similar studies, autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty appears to be an alternative for the treatment of small and medium-sized focal chondral and osteochondral defects of the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee and other weight-bearing synovial joints.
Colloidal crystal assembly on topologically patterned templates (2005)

A variety of methods have been successfully used to produce crystals of colloidal particles made of polymeric (or silica) microspheres. Achieving highly accurate growth and control of the packing symmetry, packing efficiency and packing quality of these crystals is of paramount importance for many applications, for example in photonics. If colloidal crystals are formed in self-assembly processes, it is usually the most densely packed (111) set of planes that terminates the crystal-air interface. However, often exposure of (given) different packing facets is required at the crystal surface. In addition, there is ( in photonics) need for crystals exhibiting lower than the tightest packing, and possessing also lower degrees of packing symmetry. These requirements demand development of various engineering approaches for controlled particle assembly in regular structures. The synthesis of polymer colloidal particles with different sizes, shapes and surface charge density is first briefly outlined. The various interactions and forces that control growth for a broad range of colloidal crystals are subsequently discussed. In the main section of this review we give an account of various template-assisted, graphoepitaxial assembly approaches to produce colloidal crystals with tailored packing structures and controlled crystal orientation with respect to the topologically patterned substrates used to direct the assembly process. In the outlook we also describe various selected emerging approaches, which have the potential to produce crystals with low degree of packing symmetries, for example using direct one-to-one colloidal particle assembly.
Photopatterning and Visualization of Adsorbed Monolayers of Bis(1-benzyl-4-pyridinio)ethylene Moieties (2000)

Photopatterning of adsorbed monolayershas been achieved using a photopolymerizable cationic adsorbate (see Figure) that undergoes stepwise UV-induced polymerization. The technique uses a conventional light source, and development of the photolithographic pattern involves only aqueous solutions, which makes it an environmentally friendly process.
Pharmaco-topology of Sulfonylurea Receptors (2000)

The differential responsiveness of (SUR1/K(IR)6.2)(4) pancreatic beta-cell versus (SUR2A/K(IR)6.2)(4) sarcolemmal or (SUR2B/K(IR)6. 0)(4) smooth muscle cell K(ATP) channels to K(+) channel openers (KCOs) is the basis for the selective prevention of hyperinsulinemia, myocardial infarction, and acute hypertension. KCO-stimulation of K(ATP) channels is a unique example of functional coupling between a transport ATPase and a K(+) inward rectifier. KCO binding to SUR is Mg-ATP-dependent and antagonizes the inhibition of (K(IR)6.0)(4) pore opening by nucleotides. Patch-clamping of matched chimeric human SUR1-SUR2A/K(IR)6.2 channels was used to identify the SUR regions that specify the selective response of sarcolemmal versus beta-cell channels to cromakalim or pinacidil versus diazoxide. The SUR2 segment containing the 12th through 17th predicted transmembrane domains, TMD12-17, confers sensitivity to the benzopyran, cromakalim, and the pyridine, pinacidil, whereas an SUR1 segment which includes TMD6-11 and the first nucleotide-binding fold, NBF1, controls responsiveness to the benzothiadiazine, diazoxide. These data are incorporated into a functional topology model for the regulatory SUR subunits of K(ATP) channels.
Characterization of IgG monoclonal anti‐cardiolipin/anti‐β2GP1 antibodies from two patients with antiphospholipid syndrome reveals three species of antibodies (1999)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including antibodies detected in anti-cardiolipin (aCL) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and in lupus anticoagulant (LA) tests, are strongly associated with recurrent thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss, i.e. the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although recent studies suggest that most APS-associated aCL are directed against the phospholipid (PL)-binding plasma protein beta2-glycoprotein 1 (beta2GP1), the precise nature of aCL binding specificities remains controversial. To address the issue of aCL specificity we generated five new monoclonal IgG aCL from two patients with APS. Characterization of these five aCL, as well as two previously published IgG aCL, revealed three patterns of reactivity: (1) four antibodies reacted strongly with human beta2GP1-cardiolipin (CL) complexes and weakly with human beta2GP1 alone; (2) two antibodies recognized bovine beta2GP1, but not human beta2GP1; (3) one antibody reacted with complexes of human beta2GP1 and CL, but not with human beta2GP1 alone. Only one monoclonal displayed weak LA activity. These patient-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies, and additional ones to be generated, may help define varying species of antibodies detected in aCL assays and identify the specific antibodies that may be pathogenic.
Structural Characterization of Layered LixNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (0 < x ≤ 2) Oxide Electrodes for Li Batteries (2003)

X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were used to study chemical and electrochemical Li insertion and extraction reactions of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. These results, along with galvanostatic cycling data, suggest that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 layered electrodes in lithium batteries operate predominantly off two-electron redox couples, Ni4+/Ni2+, between approximately 4.5 and 1.25 V and Mn4+/Mn2+ between 1.25 and 1.0 V versus metallic Li, respectively. The retention of a stable layered framework structure and the apparent absence of Jahn−Teller ions Ni3+ and Mn3+ in the high- or low-voltage region is believed to be responsible for the excellent structural and electrochemical stability of these electrodes. The LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 layered oxide reversibly reacts chemically or electrochemically with Li to form an air-sensitive, dilithium compound, Li2Ni0.5Mn0.5O2, with a hexagonal structure analogous to Li2MnO2. The cycling behavior of Li/LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cells over a large voltage window (4.6−1.0 V) and with very slow rates shows that rechargeable capacities >500 mA·h/g can be obtained.
Introduction To Pattern Recognition: Statistical, Structural, Neural And Fuzzy Logic Approaches (1999)

Decision functions classification by distance functions and clustering classification using statistical approach feature selection fuzzy classification and pattern recognition syntactic pattern recognition neural nets and pattern classification.
SCREEN PRINTING PROCESS DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR FINE LINE PRINTING OF THICK FILM CERAMIC SUBSTRATES (1999)

Screen printing has been the dominant method of thick film deposition because of its low cost. Many experiments in industry have been done and many models of the printing process have been developed since the 1960's. With a growing need for denser packaging and a drive for higher pin count, screen printing has been refined to yield high resolution prints. However, fine line printing is still considered by industry to be difficult. In order to yield high resolution prints with high first pass yields and manufacturing throughput, the printing process must be controlled stringently.\nThis paper focuses on investigating the effect of manufacturing process parameters on fine line printing through the use of statistical design of experiments (DOE). The process parameters include print speed, squeegee hardness, squeegee pressure, and snap-off distance. Response variables are space widths of 10 mil, 8 mil, and 5 mil lines in both parallel and perpendicular directions relative to the squeegee traveldirection. It is concluded that the squeegee hardness and print speed have statistically significant effects on print quality. The harder the squeegee hardness and the lower the print speed within the range of values tested, the better the printed results. It was observed that the space width between perpendicular lines is narrower than that of parallel lines. The implementation procedures of the experimental design are also presented. The analysis of a 2k factorial design with center points pertaining to the fine line printing experiment is discussed in detail.
Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.0-Angstrom resolution. (1986)

Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a secreted bacterial toxin capable of translocating a catalytic domain into mammalian cells and inhibiting protein synthesis by the ADP-ribosylation of cellular elongation factor 2. The protein is a single polypeptide chain of 613 amino acids. The x-ray crystallographic structure of exotoxin A, determined to 3.0-A resolution, shows the following: an amino-terminal domain, composed primarily of antiparallel beta-structure and comprising approximately half of the molecule; a middle domain composed of alpha-helices; and a carboxyl-terminal domain comprising approximately one-third of the molecule. The carboxyl-terminal domain is the ADP-ribosyltransferase of the toxin. The other two domains are presumably involved in cell receptor binding and membrane translocation.
Motion estimation with quadtree splines (2002)

This paper presents a motion estimation algorithm based on a new multiresolution representation, the quadtree spline. This representation describes the motion field as a collection of smoothly connected patches of varying size, where the patch size is automatically adapted to the complexity of the underlying motion. The topology of the patches is determined by a quadtree data structure, and both split and merge techniques are developed for estimating this spatial subdivision. The quadtree spline is implemented using another novel representation, the adaptive hierarchical basis spline, and combines the advantages of adaptively-sized correlation windows with the speedups obtained with hierarchical basis preconditioners. Results are presented on some standard motion sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyridin-2(1H)-ones from β-Oxo Amides under Vilsmeier Conditions (2007)

A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones from a variety of beta-oxo amides under Vilsmeier conditions is described, and a mechanism involving sequential halogenation, formylation and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization is proposed.