gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Induces Apoptosis by Inhibition of NFκB and Activation of Fas in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells (2004)

The transcription factor NFkappaB plays a role in cell survival. Apoptosis, programmed cell death, via numerous triggers including death receptor ligand binding is antagonized by NFkappaB activation and potentiated by its inhibition. In the present study, we found that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), known to inhibit NFkappaB, induced apoptosis via Fas signal activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. CAPE activated Fas by a Fas ligand (Fas-L)-independent mechanism, induced p53-regulated Bax protein, and activated caspases. CAPE also activated MAPK family proteins p38 and JNK. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, partially suppressed CAPE-induced p53 activation, Bax expression, and apoptosis, consistent with a mechanism by which CAPE leads to Bax activation, known to be regulated by p38 and p53. The expression of dominant negative c-Jun, which inhibits the JNK signal, also suppresses CAPE-induced apoptosis, suggesting MAPKs are involved in CAPE-induced apoptosis. The expression of Fas antisense oligomers significantly suppressed the CAPE-induced activations of JNK and p38 and apoptosis as compared with Fas sense oligomers. To ascertain whether these phenomena are attributable to the inhibition of NFkappaB by CAPE, we examined the effect of a truncated form of IkappaBalpha (IkappaBDeltaN) lacking the phosphorylation sites essential for NFkappaB activation. IkappaBDeltaN expression not only inhibited NFkappaB activity but also induced Fas activation, Bax expression, and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that NFkappaB inhibition is sufficient to induce apoptosis and that Fas activation plays a role in NFkappaB inhibition-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
PCDH11X variation is not associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease susceptibility (2010)

A recent genome-wide association study and follow-up shows significant association with the protocadherin 11 X-linked (PCDH11X) gene. Carrasquillo et al. (2009) show statistical association with four PCDH11X polymorphisms (rs5984894, rs2573905, rs5941047, rs4568761) in five of seven cohorts. The combined analysis of 2356 cases and 2384 controls showed the strongest association with a P value of 2.2×10 with an allele-specific odds ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.43) at the rs5984894 polymorphism. We tested for association at these four single nucleotide polymorphisms in two independent datasets and then performed a joint analysis. Although we had adequate power to detect effect sizes with the reported odds ratios, we did not detect association between late-onset Alzheimer disease and the PCDH11X polymorphisms in our dataset of 889 cases and 850 controls, indicating that the PCDH11X association, if not a false positive, is not as strong or generalized as hypothesized earlier.
Phase 1/2 study of the combination of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine with valproic acid in patients with leukemia (2006)

We conducted a phase 1/2 study of the combination of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) in patients with advanced leukemia, including older untreated patients. A group of 54 patients were treated with a fixed dose of decitabine (15 mg/m(2) by IV daily for 10 days) administered concomitantly with escalating doses of VPA orally for 10 days. A 50 mg/kg daily dose of VPA was found to be safe. Twelve (22%) patients had objective response, including 10 (19%) complete remissions (CRs), and 2 (3%) CRs with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp). Among 10 elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, 5 (50%) had a response (4CRs, 1CRp's). Induction mortality was observed in 1 (2%) patient. Major cytogenetic response was documented in 6 of 8 responders. Remission duration was 7.2 months (range, 1.3-12.6+ months). Overall survival was 15.3 months (range, 4.6-20.2+ months) in responders. Transient DNA hypomethylation and global histone H3 and H4 acetylation were induced, and were associated with p15 reactivation. Patients with lower pretreatment levels of p15 methylation had a significantly higher response rate. In summary, this combination of epigenetic therapy in leukemia was safe and active, and was associated with transient reversal of aberrant epigenetic marks.
Phase I clinical trial using peptide vaccine for human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (2009)

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is an essential factor in tumor angiogenesis and in the growth of pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy using epitope peptide for VEGFR2 (VEGFR2-169) that we identified previously is expected to improve the clinical outcome. Therefore, a phase I clinical trial combining of VEGFR2-169 with gemcitabine was conducted for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients with metastatic and unresectable pancreatic cancer were eligible for the trial. Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28-day cycle. The VEGFR2-169 peptide was subcutaneously injected weekly in a dose-escalation manner (doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/body, six patients/one cohort). Safety and immunological parameters were assessed. No severe adverse effect of grade 4 or higher was observed. Of the 18 patients who completed at least one course of the treatment, 15 (83%) developed immunological reactions at the injection sites. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reacting to the VEGFR2-169 peptide were induced in 11 (61%) of the 18 patients. The disease control rate was 67%, and the median overall survival time was 8.7 months. This combination therapy for pancreatic cancer patients was tolerable at all doses. Peptide-specific CTL could be induced by the VEGFR2-169 peptide vaccine at a high rate, even in combination with gemcitabine. From an immunological point of view, the optimal dose for further clinical trials might be 2 mg/body or higher. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (no. NCT 00622622).
Rare-Earth Metal Triflates in Organic Synthesis (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRare-Earth Metal Triflates in Organic SynthesisShū Kobayashi, Masaharu Sugiura, Hidetoshi Kitagawa, and William W.-L. LamView Author Information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 6, 2227–2302Publication Date (Web):June 12, 2002Publication History Received28 January 2002Published online12 June 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010289ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010289iresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13962Altmetric-Citations963LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Aldehydes,Catalysts,Ethers,Lewis acids Get e-Alerts
Ashwagandha Leaf Derived Withanone Protects Normal Human Cells Against the Toxicity of Methoxyacetic Acid, a Major Industrial Metabolite (2011)

The present day lifestyle heavily depends on industrial chemicals in the form of agriculture, cosmetics, textiles and medical products. Since the toxicity of the industrial chemicals has been a concern to human health, the need for alternative non-toxic natural products or adjuvants that serve as antidotes are in high demand. We have investigated the effects of Ayurvedic herb Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) leaf extract on methoxyacetic acid (MAA) induced toxicity. MAA is a major metabolite of ester phthalates that are commonly used in industry as gelling, viscosity and stabilizer reagents. We report that the MAA cause premature senescence of normal human cells by mechanisms that involve ROS generation, DNA and mitochondrial damage. Withanone protects cells from MAA-induced toxicity by suppressing the ROS levels, DNA and mitochondrial damage, and induction of cell defense signaling pathways including Nrf2 and proteasomal degradation. These findings warrant further basic and clinical studies that may promote the use of withanone as a health adjuvant in a variety of consumer products where the toxicity has been a concern because of the use of ester phthalates.
Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2002)

BACKGROUND Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a alone produces significantly higher sustained virologic responses than treatment with interferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We compared the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin, interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin, and peginterferon alfa-2a alone in the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. METHODS A total of 1121 patients were randomly assigned to treatment and received at least one dose of study medication, consisting of 180 μg of peginterferon alfa-2a once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg, depending on body weight), weekly peginterferon alfa-2a plus daily placebo, or 3 million units of interferon alfa-2b thrice weekly plus daily ribavirin for 48 weeks. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin had a sustained virologic response (defined as the absence of detectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after cessation of therapy) than of patients who received interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin (56 percent vs. 44 percent, P CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic hepatitis C, once-weekly peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin was tolerated as well as interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin and produced significant improvements in the rate of sustained virologic response, as compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin or peginterferon alfa-2a alone.
Structural analysis of hypertexts (1992)

Hypertext users often suffer from the “lost in hyperspace” problem: disorientation from too many jumps while traversing a complex network. One solution to this problem is improved authoring to create more comprehensible structures. This paper proposes several authoring tools, based on hypertext structure analysis. In many hypertext systems authors are encouraged to create hierarchical structures, but when writing, the hierarchy is lost because of the inclusion of cross-reference links. The first part of this paper looks at ways of recovering lost hierarchies and finding new ones, offering authors different views of the same hypertext. The second part helps authors by identifying properties of the hypertext document. Multiple metrics are developed including compactness and stratum . Compactness indicates the intrinsic connectedness of the hypertext, and stratum reveals to what degree the hypertext is organized so that some nodes must be read before others. Several existing hypertexts are used to illustrate the benefits of each technique. The collection of techniques provides a multifaceted view of the hypertext, which should allow authors to reduce undesired structural complexity and create documents that readers can traverse more easily.
Development of Isotherm Polymer/Surfactant Adsorption Models in Chemical Flooding (2011)

Abstract The injection of chemical solutions plays an important role in increasing the recovery factor of mature fields. For many reservoirs, polymer or surfactant flooding is an attractive alternative to conventional waterflooding; it can improve the area swept efficiency not only in the macro scale but also in the micro scale. Adsorption of polymer/surfactant on reservoir rock is an extremely important parameter for chemical flooding. Adsorption represents a loss of a chemical agent from solution, and consequently, a net reduction in the surfactant-polymer slug. Therefore, the efficiency of chemical flooding will be significantly diminished not only in technical aspects but also in terms of economics. However, adsorption is usually measured in laboratory scale with high uncertainties, and numerical simulation of multi-component adsorption is still limited. The adsorption process in a polymer/rock system has not yet been well developed, especially for highly heterogeneous reservoirs. In this paper, the polymer and surfactant adsorption processes are modeled by the Langmuir isotherm theory for various chemical flooding approaches including polymer, surfactant, micellar polymer and alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding. The simulation results indicate that polymer adsorption strongly depends on the polymer concentration, shear rate, pH, salt concentration, and reservoir heterogeneity. An effective controlling of such parameters can reduce the effect of polymer adsorption so that it helps minimize mass of chemical loss and improve economic efficiency of the chemical flooding process.
Epidermal Growth Factor as a Candidate for Ex Vivo Expansion of Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2005)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into several cell types and are thus an attractive cell source for connective tissue engineering. A challenge in such a use is expansion and directed seeding in vitro, requiring proliferation and survival, and directed migration, respectively, prior to functional differentiation. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is the prototypal growth factor receptor and elicits these responses from a wide variety of stromal, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Ligands for this receptor are appealing for use in tissue engineering because they are relatively resistant to biological extremes and amenable to high-volume production. Therefore, we determined whether an EGFR ligand, EGF, could be used for ex vivo expansion of BMMSCs. EGF stimulated motility in rat and immortalized human BMMSCs. EGF-induced proliferation was observed in immortalized human BMMSCs but was not apparent in rat BMMSCs under our experimental conditions. EGF did not, however, rescue either type of BMMSC from apoptosis due to lack of serum. During our examination of key signaling intermediaries, EGF caused robust phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B/akt (AKT) but only minimal phosphorylation of EGFR and phospholipase C-gamma in rat BMMSCs, whereas in the human BMMSCs these intermediaries were all strongly activated. EGF also induced robust ERK activation in primary porcine mesenchymal stem cells. EGF pretreatment or cotreatment did not interfere with secondarily induced differentiation of either type of BMMSC into adipogenic or osteogenic lineages. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) effects were similar to but not additive with those elicited by EGF, with some quantitative differences; however, PDGF did interfere with the differentiation of these BMMSCs. These findings suggest that EGFR ligands could be used for ex vivo expansion and direction of BMMSCs.
Stereo laser micromachining of silicon (1992)

A technique has been developed for 1-μm resolution, high speed micromachining of three-dimensional (3D) silicon parts. The method, based on acousto-optic deflection of laser microchemical chlorine etching reactions, creates parts directly from a file generated with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. In this demonstration, 1-μm3 pixels are removed at a rate of 2×104 pixels/s. The laser-driven process relies on one of the fastest-known sustained gas/solid interface reactions, and the size- and pressure-scaling laws permit micromachining at ≳2×105 μm3/s at 10-μm resolution. This is ∼3000 times the rate of current electrodischarge matching methods. Exchange of the etchant gas for organometallic vapor precursors has permitted laser deposition of 3D platinum and cobalt metallization on the laser-etched structures. It is proposed that this approach can satisfy the need for primary patterning of 3D parts and molds for micromechanics, in analogy with two-dimensional (2D) electron-beam patterning of masks for microelectronics.
Parallel Sheet Secondary Structure in γ-Peptides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTParallel Sheet Secondary Structure in γ-PeptidesMatthew G. Woll, Jonathan R. Lai, Ilia A. Guzei, Stephen J. C. Taylor, Mark E. B. Smith, and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Graduate Program in Biophysics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Chirotech Technology Limited, Unit 321, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 44, 11077–11078Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2001Publication History Received16 July 2001Published online16 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011719phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja011719prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views884Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Conformation,Molecules,Noncovalent interactions,Nucleic acid structure Get e-Alerts
Gaze Tracking Based on Face‐Color (1995)

In many practical situations, a desirable user interface to a computer system should have a model of where a person is looking at and what he/she is paying attention to. This is particularly important if a system is providing multimodal communication cues, speech, gesture, lipreading, etc., [2, 3, 8] and the system must identify, whether the cues are aimed at it, or at someone else in the room. This paper describes a system that identifies user focus of attention by visually determining where a person is looking. While other attempts at gaze tracking usually assume a fixed or limited location of a person &amp;apos;s face, the approach presented here allows for complete freedom of movement in a room. The gaze-tracking system, uses several connectionist modules, that track a person&amp;apos;s face using a software controlled pan-tilt camera with zoom and identifies the focus of attention from the orientation and direction of the face. 1 Introduction One major impediment to user acceptance of speech inte...
TOWARD CONSISTENT DEFINITIONS FOR PRELOAD AND AFTERLOAD (2001)

Significant differences exist among textbook definitions for the terms preload and afterload, leading to confusion and frustration among students and faculty alike. Many faculty also chose to use in their teaching simple terms such as "end-diastolic volume" or "aortic pressure" as common-usage approximations of preload and afterload, respectively, but these are only partial representations of these important concepts. Straightforward definitions both of preload and afterload that are concise yet still comprehensive can be developed using the Law of LaPlace to describe the relationships among chamber pressure, chamber radius, and wall thickness. Within this context, the term "preload" can be defined as all of the factors that contribute to passive ventricular wall stress (or tension) at the end of diastole, and the term "afterload" can be defined as all of the factors that contribute to total myocardial wall stress (or tension) during systolic ejection. The inclusion of "wall stress" in both definitions helps the student appreciate both the complexities of cardiac pathophysiology and the rationale for therapeutic intervention.
Synthetic Resins and Rubbers (1944)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSynthetic Resins and RubbersPAUL O. POWERSView Author Information Armstrong Cork. Co., Lancaster, Pa.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1944, 22, 22, 1992–1993Publication Date (Print):November 25, 1944Publication History Published online4 November 2010Published inissue 25 November 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v022n022.p1992https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v022n022.p1992newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1944 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Progranulin is expressed within motor neurons and promotes neuronal cell survival (2009)

Neurons are among the most long-lived cells in the body and are subject to low levels of toxic challenges throughout life. We have demonstrated that progranulin is abundantly expressed in motor neurons and is cytoprotective over prolonged periods when over-expressed in a neuronal cell line. This work highlights the importance of progranulin as neuroprotective growth factor and may represent a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases including motor neuron disease.