gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harmonic broadcasting for video-on-demand service (1997)

Using conventional broadcasting, if we want to support a 120-minute popular movie every 10 minutes, we need 12 video channels. Assuming the set-top box at the client end can buffer portions of the playing video on a disk, pyramid broadcasting schemes can reduce the bandwidth requirements to 5.7 channels. We present a new scheme which only needs 3.2 channels. For a movie with length D minutes, if we want to reduce the viewer waiting time to D/N minutes, we only need to allocate H(N) video channels to broadcast the movie periodically, where H(N) is the harmonic number of N, H(N)=1+1/2+...+1/N. In order to support video-on-demand service for a popular movie, the new scheme greatly reduces the bandwidth requirements.
Clonidine Added to the Anesthetic Solution Enhances Analgesia and Improves Oxygenation After Intercostal Nerve Block for Thoracotomy (1998)

We evaluated the effect of adding clonidine to bupivacaine on postoperative pain control and oxygenation after intercostal nerve blockade (ICB) for thoracotomy, and attempted to distinguish a systemic from a local effect of clonidine.ICB with 2 mg/kg 0.5% bupivacaine was performed in 36 patients undergoing thoracotomy. Patients were randomized to one of three groups: 1) a control group that received bupivacaine with saline for ICB and an IM injection of saline, 2) an IM group that received bupivacaine with saline for ICB and an IM injection of 2 [micro sign]g/kg clonidine, and 3) a block group that received bupivacaine with 2 [micro sign]g/kg clonidine for ICB and an IM injection of saline. Blood gases, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and analgesic demand were determined hourly for 8 h after arrival in the postoperative care unit (PCU). Patients in the block group had significantly lower VAS scores, higher arterial oxygen tension, and lower analgesic demand for the first 4 h in the PCU, compared with the two other groups. No difference was noted thereafter. We conclude that the addition of clonidine to bupivacaine for ICB leads to a short-term effect enhancing postoperative pain control and improving arterial oxygenation, probably mediated by a direct effect on the nerves. Implications: Severe pain after thoracotomy can lead to impaired ventilation. We studied the effect of adding clonidine to bupivacaine for intercostal nerve blockade after thoracotomy. Clonidine administered directly on the nerves enhanced analgesia and improved oxygenation for a short time compared with systemic administration or control. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:107-11)
Microvesicle-mediated release of soluble LH/hCG receptor (LHCGR) from transfected cells and placenta explants (2011)

Placental hCG and pitutary LH transduce signals in target tissues through a common receptor (LHCGR). We demonstrate that recombinant LHCGR proteins which include the hormone-binding domain are secreted from transfected cells and that natural LHCGR is also secreted from human placental explants. LHCGR recombinant proteins representing varying lengths of the N-terminal extracellular domain were expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in suspension culture. Secretion was minimal up to 72h but by 96h 24-37% of the LHCGR had been released into the culture medium. The secreted proteins were folded and sensitive to glycosidases suggesting N-linked glycosylation. Secretion was independent of recombinant size and was mediated via structurally defined membrane vesicles (50-150nm). Similarly cultured human early pregnancy placental explants also released LHCGR via microvesicles. These studies provide the first experimental evidence of the possible mechanistic basis of the secretion of LHCGR.
An Automated User Transparent Approach to log Web URLs for Forensic Analysis (2009)

This paper presents an automated approach to record Web activity as the user connects to Internet. It includes monitoring and logging of Web URLs visited by the user. The distinctive features of this approach are a) it starts automatically, b) it is transparent to users, c) it is robust against intentional or un-intentional process kill, and d) it is robust against intentional or un-intentional corruption or deletion of log file. The first feature is achieved as the program/application will run with svchost.exe service which is initiated automatically. Transparency is achieved by storing the log file to a default hidden location defined by system variables as well as at a third location (logging server) on the network. Process killing is prevented through dependencies of this application on essential service required to connect to network and thus World Wide Web. The last feature determines that a log activity is also stored in logging server (not accessible to users) even if a user deletes or corrupts it from his local system. The log file contains important information of client, username, date and time of activity and URLs visited. The approach can give vital and potential evidential information of corporate Web policy violations, employee monitoring, and law enforcement agencies (digital forensics investigators). This paper also carries out a comparative analysis of the performance and security of proposed scheme against some existing Web forensic and antiforensic tools.
Luminal Epithelial Antigen (LEA.135) Expression Correlates With Tumor Progression for Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Principles of Oncology and Immunology, and Tumors of Bladder, Penis and Urethra1 May 1998Luminal Epithelial Antigen (LEA.135) Expression Correlates With Tumor Progression for Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder H.L. Jones, B. Delahunt, P.B. Bethwaite, and A. Thornton H.L. JonesH.L. Jones More articles by this author , B. DelahuntB. Delahunt More articles by this author , P.B. BethwaiteP.B. Bethwaite More articles by this author , and A. ThorntonA. Thornton More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199805000-00118AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Luminal Epithelial Antigen (LEA.135) Expression Correlates With Tumor Progression for Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder." The Journal of Urology, 159(5), pp. 1769–1770 Department of Pathology, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159Issue 5May 1998Page: 1769-1770 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information H.L. Jones More articles by this author B. Delahunt More articles by this author P.B. Bethwaite More articles by this author A. Thornton More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Transcoding of video into different encoding formats (2002)

In this paper, transcoding of pre-encoded MPEG-1,2 video into lower bit rates is realized through altering the coding algorithm into H.261/H.263 standards with lower spatial resolutions. We extract and compose a set of candidate motion vectors, from the incoming bit stream, to comply with the encoding format of the output bit stream. For the spatial resolution reduction, we generate one motion vector out of a set of input motion vectors operating on the higher spatial resolution image. We discuss the impact of motion estimation refinement on the new motion vectors and show that for all cases a simple half-pixel refinement is sufficient for near-optimum results.
Endoscopic management of tissue‐engineered tracheal graft stenosis in an ovine model (2017)

NA. Laryngoscope, 127:2219-2224, 2017.
Line and edge detection by symmetry filters (2003)

Sequential (search) methods for edge and line detection and parallel (filter) methods for edge detection are well-known. Filter methods for line detection are generally based on direction-by-direction filtering: each filter is parallel, but only special hardware architectures allow filtering in different directions simultaneously. The authors present a class of isotropic edge and line detection filters that work in arbitrary dimension: symmetry filters. The principle of the method is correlation of the filter window content with a mapped version. The mapping may be point inversion, blow or rotation, all relative to the window center. Covariance is used as correlation measure. In the paper only point inversion is considered. Moreover, the filter may contain weighting coefficients e.g. to emphasize contributions from the central part. For point inversion, lines give a positive correlation and edges a negative correlation (twofold symmetry and antisymmetry).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Discovery of Plasmodium vivaxN-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors: Screening, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of their Binding Mode (2012)

N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) is a prospective drug target against parasitic protozoa. Herein we report the successful discovery of a series of Plasmodium vivax NMT inhibitors by high-throughput screening. A high-resolution crystal structure of the hit compound in complex with NMT was obtained, allowing understanding of its novel binding mode. A set of analogues was designed and tested to define the chemical groups relevant for activity and selectivity.
Effects of the intensity levels and beam map resolutions on static IMRT plans (2004)

In this study we focus on how the intensity level and multileaf collimator (MLC) resolution affect the quality of IMRT plans using the static MLC delivery technique. The planning process is based on a least-square dose-based quadratic function and uses a simulated annealing algorithm to sample the discrete variables. Three clinical cases are studied empirically: a medulloblastoma, a prostate, and an oropharyngeal carcinoma. The intensity levels used are 3, 5, 10, 20, and continuous; the map resolution varies from 0.15-1.5 cm, with the leaf width equal to the step size. The influence of these two parameters are studied by comparing the cost value and the cost of delivery time from a trade-off point of view. An "efficient frontier" is drawn by connecting the plans with the lowest cost value at any given resolutions. For each case, a practical delivery region is defined by doubling the delivery time needed at a normal setting (five levels, 1.0 cm). Within this region, the "efficient frontier" demonstrates that the plans with five intensity levels are the most efficient comparing with plans with higher levels. This is a confirmation of the conclusion from Keller-Reichenbecher et al. [Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 45, 1315-1324 (1999)]. It indicates that to further improve the plan quality with the minimal cost of extra delivery time, the most economical way is to improve the resolution rather than using higher intensity levels.
Selecting Patients for Early Stroke Treatment with Penumbra Images (2005)

Review of results of experimental and clinical studies indicates that the area of physiologically impaired, but potentially salvageable, tissue surrounding the central core of focal cerebral ischemia that develops shortly after onset of vessel occlusion is complex and dynamic with severity and duration thresholds for hypoxic stress and injury that are specific to tissue site, cell type, molecular pathway or gene expression investigated, and efficiency of collateral or residual flow and reperfusion. Identification of this ischemic penumbra in the acute stroke clinical setting is an important goal for stroke researchers and clinicians. Recent advances in neuroimaging allowed a better understanding of this physiopathological process. However, there is not a perfect penumbra imaging technique and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. Numerous thrombolytic and potentially neuroprotective agents have been studied in stroke patients, with little success, as the only approved therapy is thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of stroke onset in highly selected patients (<10% of all acute stroke patients in some specialized centers). One major obstacle in the development of effective therapies for ischemic stroke has been the lack of versatile imaging techniques. The development of penumbra concept and its detection through modern cerebral image techniques can extend the patients' selection for thrombolysis. A number of multicenter clinical trials are now under way to test these models and confirm the utility of penumbra imaging for treatment decisions. Present knowledge about visualization of the salvageable penumbra suggests a promising future in which penumbra imaging studies are performed routinely in the acute stroke setting and the data provided by these studies assist in individualizing therapeutic decisions and identifying effective therapies that can be delivered at late time points. So, the main target of management is 'penumbra', or salvageable tissue, which is primarily dependent upon the expediency of the whole process, better expressed by the phrase 'Penumbra (and not Time) is Brain'.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as a Tool for Surface Functionalization (2002)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is receiving increasing attention as a method for surface functionalization. In this paper we discuss a simple way, based on the hydrophilicity of the substrate, for discriminating between surface and bulk polymerization in materials having a homogeneous distribution of initiator groups. This concept could allow a consistent simplification of the processing techniques and is therefore of high significance for the applicability of ATRP.
The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) requires conserved leucine charged domains for interactions with the conserved W box promoter element (1998)

The class II transactivator CIITA is required for transcriptional activation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. Aside from an N-terminal acidic transcriptional activation domain, little is known about how this factor functions. Extensive mutagenesis of CIITA was undertaken to identify structural motifs required for function. The ability of mutants to activate a reporter gene under the control of MHC class II conserved W-X-Y or X-Y regulatory elements was determined. Two mutants displayed differential activity between the two promoters, activating transcription with the W-X-Y but not the X-Y elements. All mutants were tested for their ability to interfere with wild-type CIITA activity. Five CIITA mutant constructions were able to down-regulate wild-type CIITA activity. Three of these mutants contained targeted disruptions of potential functional motifs: the acidic activation domain, a putative GTP-binding motif and two leucine charged domains (LCD motifs). The other two contained mutations in regions that do not have homology to described proteins. The characterization of CIITA mutants that are able to discriminate between promoters with or without the W box strongly suggests that CIITA requires such interactions for function. The identification of LCD motifs required for CIITA function brings to light a previously undefined role of these motifs in CIITA function.
Two human FLT4 receptor tyrosine kinase isoforms with distinct carboxy terminal tails are produced by alternative processing of primary transcripts. (1993)

FLT4 is a recently cloned gene encoding a transmembrane tyrosine kinase related to the FLT1 and KDR/FLK1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. We have previously shown that FLT4 is expressed as transcripts of 4.5 and 5.8 kb in several human fetal and adult tissues. Here we show that these transcripts encode two polypeptides, FLT4s (short) and FLT41 (long), which are proteolytically processed in transfected cells and leukemia cells and which have different carboxy terminal tails. The 3' coding region of the 5.8 kb mRNA was found to be 65 codons longer than that of the the 4.5 kb mRNA. Analysis of the genomic structure of the region encoding the two carboxy termini revealed that the two transcripts are generated by alternative polyadenylation and subsequent alternative splicing during RNA processing. Our findings thus show regulation of FLT4 structure in the carboxy terminal tail considered important for receptor function. The significance of the two forms may relate to the role of additional potential autophosphorylation sites in the FLT4 long form.
On the propagation of errors in the size of join results (1991)

Query optimizers of current relational database systems use several statistics maintained by the system on the contents of the database to decide on the most efficient access plan for a given query. These statistics contain errors that transitively affect many estimates derived by the optimizer. We present a formal framework based on which the principles of this error propagation can be studied. Within this framework, we obtain several analytic results on how the error propagates in general, as well as in the extreme and average cases. We also provide results on guarantees that the database system can make based on the statistics that it maintains. Finally, we discuss some promising approaches to controlling the error propagation and derive several interesting properties of them.
Metadata-Based Adaptive Assembling of Video Clips on the Web (2007)

Video content remixing - generic or personalised - is available on the Web in various forms. Most platforms target at users uploading and rearranging content, and sharing it with the community. Although several implementations exist, to the best of our knowledge no solution uses metadata to its full extent to, e.g., dynamically render a video stream. With the research presented in this paper, we propose a new approach to dynamic video assembly. In our approach consumers may describe the desired content using a set of domain-specific parameters. Based on the metadata the video clips are annotated with, the system then chooses clips fitting the user criteria. They are aligned in an aesthetically pleasing manner while the user furthermore is able to interactively influence content selection during playback. A fictitious showcase from the sports domain illustrates the applicability of our approach. The implementation is demonstrated using an available non-linear, interactive movie production environment.
Toxicity and biodegradation of formaldehyde in anaerobic methanogenic culture (1997)

Formaldehyde is present in several industrial wastewaters including petrochemical wastes. In this study, the toxicity and degradability of formaldehyde in anaerobic systems were investigated. Formaldehyde showed severe toxicity to an acetate enrichment methanogenic culture. As low as 10 mg/L (0.33 mM) of formaldehyde in the reactor completely inhibited acetate utilization. Formaldehyde, however, was degraded while acetate utilization was inhibited. Degradation of formaldehyde (Initial concentration < or =30 mg/L) followed Monod model with a rate constant, k, of 0.35-0.46 d(-1). At higher initial concentrations (> or =60 mg/L), formaldehyde degradation was inhibited and partial degradation was possible. The initial formaldehyde to biomass ratio, S(0)/X(0), was useful to predict the degradation potential of high formaldehyde concentrations in batch systems. When S(0)/X(0) < or = 0.1, formaldehyde was completely degraded with initial concentration of up to 95 mg/L; when S(0)/X(0) > or = 0.29, formaldehyde at higher than 60 mg/L was only partially degraded. The inhibition of formaldehyde degradation in batch systems could be avoided by repeated additions of low concentrations of formaldehyde (up to 30 mg/L). Chemostats (14-day retention time) showed degradation of 74 mg/L-d (1110 mg/L) of influent formaldehyde with a removal capacity of 164 mg/g VSS-day. A spike of 30 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat caused only a small increase in effluent acetate concentration for 3 days. But a spike of 60 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat resulted in a dramatic increase in acetate concentration in the effluent. The results also showed that the acetate enrichment culture was not acclimated to formaldehyde even after 226 days. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 727-736, 1997.
LUMENAL PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE URINARY BLADDER (1972)

To determine the three-dimensional structure of the lumenal membrane of transitional epithelium, a study was made of sectioned, negatively stained, and freeze-etched specimens from intact epithelium and membrane fractions from rabbit urinary bladder. Particulate membrane components are confined to plaque regions within which the unit membrane is asymmetric, having a thicker outer leaflet. Transversely fractured freeze-etched plaques display a thick ( approximately 80 A), particulate lumenal leaflet and a thin ( approximately 40 A) cytoplasmic one. Four different faces of the two leaflets can be distinguished: two complementary, split, inner membrane faces exposed by freeze-cleaving the bilayer and two external (lumenal and cytoplasmic) membrane surfaces revealed by deep-etching. On the split, inner face of the lumenal leaflet appear polygonal plaques of hexagonally arranged particles. These fit into holes observed on the complementary, split, innerface of the cytoplasmic leaflet. The particles, which have a center-to-center spacing of approximately 160 A, also seem to protrude from the external surface of the lumenal leaflet, where their subunits ( approximately 50 A in diameter) are revealed by freeze-etching and negative staining. The plaques are separated from each other by smooth-surfaced regions, which cleave like simple lipid bilayers. Since the array of plaque particles covers only approximately 73% of the membrane surface area, whereas 27% is taken up by particle-free interplaque regions, the presence of particles cannot in itself entirely account for the permeability barrier of the lumenal membrane. Although no particles are observed protruding from the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, cytoplasmic filaments are attached to it by short, cross-bridge-like filaments that seem to contact the particles within the membrane. These long cytoplasmic filaments cross-link adjacent plaques. Therefore, we suggest that at least one function of the particles is to serve as anchoring sites for cytoplasmic filaments, which limit the expansion of the lumenal membrane during distention of the bladder, thereby preventing it from rupturing. The particle-free interplaque regions probably function as hinge areas between the stiff plaques, allowing the membrane to fold up when the bladder is contracted.
Impaired Expression of Notch Signaling Genes in Aged Human Skeletal Muscle (2007)

Notch signaling is essential for myogenesis and the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle; however, its regulation in human muscle is yet to be fully characterized. Increased expression of Notch3, Jagged1, Hes1, and Hes6 gene transcripts were observed during differentiation of cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, significantly lower expressions of Notch1, Jagged1, Numb, and Delta-like 1 were evident in muscle biopsies from older men (60-75 years old) compared to muscle from younger men (18-25 years old). Importantly, with supervised resistance exercise training, expression of Notch1 and Hes6 genes were increased and Delta-like 1 and Numb expression were decreased. The differences in Notch expression between the age groups were no longer evident following training. These results provide further evidence to support the role of Notch in the impaired regulation of muscle mass with age and suggest that some of the benefits provided by resistance training may be mediated through the Notch signaling pathway.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL TRIPTANS FOR ACUTE MIGRAINE: MIXED TREATMENT COMPARISON (2012)

Depending on the decision-maker's willingness-to-pay threshold, either sumatriptan 100 mg or eletriptan 40 mg is likely to be cost-effective.