gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulky Trialkylsilyl Acetylenes in the Cadiot−Chodkiewicz Cross-Coupling Reaction (2002)

Bulky trialkylsilyl-protected alkynes such as triethylsilyl (TES), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), and triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) acetylenes underwent the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz cross-coupling reaction with different bromoalkynes to form a variety of synthetically useful unsymmetrical diynes in good yields. The diyne alcohol 10 was transformed regio- and stereoselectively into enynes by hydrotelluration, carbometalation, and reduction reactions.
In vivo priming of helper T cells in the absence of B cell activation. (1989)

This paper describes an adjuvant-free immunization regimen that results in the priming of T cells but not B cells. B10.A mice were primed s.c. with syngeneic spleen cells that had been pulsed with the peptide 81-104 derived from pigeon cytochrome c. The T cell response was measured by using a sensitive limiting dilution assay that measures lymphokine production. The precursor frequency of Ag-specific cells found in these mice was indistinguishable from the frequency found in mice primed in the footpads with 81-104 in CFA. A striking difference in antibody induction was found, however, when these two immunization regimens were compared. Mice primed with 81-104 in CFA developed significant serum antibody responses against the peptide, whereas mice primed with Ag-pulsed spleen cells produced no detectable anti-peptide antibodies. This lack of antibody did not result from detectable differences in the T cells that were primed: no differences were seen in IL-2 and IL-4 production or in the ability to provide help to B cells in vitro. In vitro stimulation with LPS suggested that the B cells were not primed by the Ag-pulsed spleen cells. The B cells were not tolerized, however, because boosting the mice with Ag in CFA resulted in the induction of an antibody response. The failure to induce an antibody response by priming with Ag-pulsed spleen cells was not caused by the site of immunization or the total amount of Ag used for priming. The critical variable may be the introduction of the Ag on the surface of an APC; in this form, B cell Ag recognition was apparently inefficient, whereas T cell Ag recognition was optimal.
Expression of cytokine receptors on different myeloid leukemic cells. (1998)

We have studied the expression of cytokine receptors CD25 (IL-2Ra,55kD), CD116 (hGM-CSRF,145kD), CD117 (CSFR,145kD), CD120a (TNFR,55kD), CD120b (TNFR,75kD), CD121a (IL-1R, type I, 80kD), CD123 (IL-3R), CD124 (IL-4R, 140kD), CD126 (IL-6R, 80kD), CDw127 (IL-7R, 75kD), CDw128 (IL-8R), CD130 (gp130 subunit), CD131 (common beta), CD134 (OX40) and also CD95 (Fas antigen) on the myeloid leukemic cells. Cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow of 30 patients with disorders in myeloid lineage included mostly acute myeloid leukemias (with high leukocyte count and percentage of blasts) were analyzed for the expression of surface membrane molecules by indirect immunofluorescence method evaluated by flow cytometry. The findings indicate that some monoclonal antibodies have a reactivity against cytokine receptors of pathological cells in individual cases, but with very variable qualitative and quantitative (number copies/cell) expression (preliminary results). The leukemic cells demonstrate unique cytokine receptor profiles, which reveal the great diversity of immunophenotypes within the main functional characterization of blood malignancies. The immunophenotype heterogeneity of leukemic cells has proved to be much greater than to match with existing classification criteria. This fact could raise the necessity of further evaluation and specification of cytokine markers of the myeloid acute leukemias. On the other hand, detection of cytokine receptors on the leukemia cells is important for cytokine therapy.
Repertoire of Human Antibodies against the Polysaccharide Capsule ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeSerotype 6B (1999)

We examined the repertoire of antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae 6B capsular polysaccharide induced with the conventional polysaccharide vaccine in adults at the molecular level two ways. In the first, we purified from the sera of seven vaccinees antipneumococcal antibodies and determined their amino acid sequences. Their VH regions are mainly the products of VH3 family genes (candidate genes, 3-23, 3-07, 3-66, and 3-74), but the product of a VH1 family gene (candidate gene, 1-03) is occasionally used. All seven individuals have small amounts of polyclonal kappa+ antibodies (Vkappa1 to Vkappa4 families), although kappa+ antibodies are occasionally dominated by antibodies formed with the product of the A27 Vkappa gene. In contrast, lambda+ anti-6B antibodies are dominated by the antibodies derived from one of 3 very similar Vlambda2 family genes (candidate genes, 2c, 2e, and 2a2) and Clambda1 gene product. The Vlambda2(+) antibodies express the 8.12 idiotype, which is expressed on anti-double-stranded-DNA antibodies. In one case, Vlambda is derived from a rarely expressed Vlambda gene, 10a. In the second approach, we studied a human hybridoma (Dob1) producing anti-6B antibody. Its VH region sequence is closely related to those of the 3-15 VH gene (88% nucleotide homology) and JH4 (92% homology). Its VL region is homologous to the 2a2 Vlambda2 gene (91%) and Jlambda1/Clambda1. Taken together, the V region of human anti-6B antibodies is commonly formed by a VH3 and a Vlambda2 family gene product.
Novel photoacid generators: Key components for the progress of chemically amplified photoresist systems. (1991)

Chemically amplified photoresist systems consist of a photoacid generator (PAG), which interacts with the actinic radiation, and at least one acid sensitive compound, which changes the material's solubility properties under acidic conditions. The PAG is not only the coupler between the applied exposure tools and the photoresist systems, but also determines the nature of the acid produced, which in turn controls the process and performance latitudes of the resist materials. The selection of the optimum PAG is a critical issue in the preparation of production-worthy materials. This paper reviews several new classes of photoacid generating compounds with respect to some of their chemical and physical properties and their lithographic behaviour. The compounds investigated include new 4, 6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1, 3, 5-triazenes, α, α-bis-(sulfonyl)diazomethanes, α-carbonyl-α-sulfonyldiazomethanes, and certain sulfonic esters. Their impact on the lithographic performance of chemically amplified positive and negative tone resists for deep- and near-UV as well as e-beam applications is discussed.
Insulin-like Growth Factor–Binding Protein-2 Is a Target for the Immunomodulation of Breast Cancer (2008)

Breast cancer is immunogenic and well suited to treatment via immunomodulation. The disease is often treated to remission and time to relapse is generally measured in years in many cases. Immune-based therapeutics, such as cancer vaccines, may be able to affect the clinical progression of micrometastatic disease. Immune targets must be identified that have the potential to inhibit tumor growth. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) has direct effects on breast cancer proliferation via stimulation of critical signaling pathways. We questioned whether IGFBP-2 was an immune target in breast cancer. IGFBP-2-specific IgG antibody immunity was preferentially detected in breast cancer patients compared with controls (P = 0.0008). To evaluate for the presence of T-cell immunity, we identified potential pan-HLA-DR binding epitopes derived from IGFBP-2 and tested the peptides for immunogenicity. The majority of epitopes elicited peptide-specific T cells in both patients and controls and had high sequence homology to bacterial pathogens. IGFBP-2 peptide-specific T cells could respond to naturally processed and presented IGFBP-2 protein, indicating that these peptides were native epitopes of IGFBP-2. Finally, both immunization with IGFBP-2 peptides as well as adoptive transfer of IGFBP-2-competent T cells mediated an antitumor effect in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. This is the first report of IGFBP-2 as a human tumor antigen that may be a functional therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Surface Patterning with Fluorescent Molecules Using Click Chemistry Directed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2008)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)-based surface patterning can be achieved to form useful μm size structures for various kinds of applications. Here we report a novel SECM-based surface patterning of fluorescent molecules onto a solid substrate by forming covalent bonds through a click chemistry reaction. Patterned images can be observed by their fluorescence and we observed the formation of Liesegang rings in the diffusion−reaction system.
Coupled placement in modern data centers (2009)

We introduce the coupled placement problem for modern data centers spanning placement of application computation and data among available server and storage resources. While the two have traditionally been addressed independently in data centers, two modern trends make it beneficial to consider them together in a coupled manner: (a) rise in virtualization technologies, which enable applications packaged as VMs to be run on any server in the data center with spare compute resources, and (b) rise in multi-purpose hardware devices in the data center which provide compute resources of varying capabilities at different proximities from the storage nodes. We present a novel framework called CPA for addressing such coupled placement of application data and computation in modern data centers. Based on two well-studied problems - Stable Marriage and Knapsacks - the CPA framework is simple, fast, versatile and automatically enables high throughput applications to be placed on nearby server and storage node pairs. While a theoretical proof of CPA's worst-case approximation guarantee remains an open question, we use extensive experimental analysis to evaluate CPA on large synthetic data centers comparing it to Linear Programming based methods and other traditional methods. Experiments show that CPA is consistently and surprisingly within 0 to 4% of the Linear Programming based optimal values for various data center topologies and workload patterns. At the same time it is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the LP based methods and is able to scale to much larger problem sizes. The fast running time of CPA makes it highly suitable for large data center environments where hundreds to thousands of server and storage nodes are common. LP based approaches are prohibitively slow in such environments. CPA is also suitable for fast interactive analysis during consolidation of such environments from physical to virtual resources.
Nitrification inhibition and dose-dependent effect of dicyandiamide on sandy, loamy and clayey soils (2011)

通过硝化抑制剂抑制土壤硝化作用是实现作物铵硝混合营养和提高氮肥利用率的重要途径之一。本试验采用室内模拟的方法, 在人工气候室(25 ℃)黑暗培养条件下, 应用新疆石灰性土壤研究了不同剂量的双氰胺(dicyandiamide, DCD)在砂土、壤土、黏土3 种不同质地土壤中对土壤硝态氮、铵态氮转化的影响及DCD 的剂量效应和硝化抑制效果。处理30 d 内, 各剂量DCD 处理对砂土的硝化抑制率为96.5%~99.4%(平均值为98.3%), 在黏土上为66.9%~85.6%(平均值为77.6%), 在壤土上为49.3%~79.4%(平均值为67.7%), 总体硝化抑制率表现为砂土>黏土>壤土。在砂土上DCD 的剂量效应不明显, DCD 用量从纯氮的1.0%增加到7.0%时, 土壤中硝态氮含量仅增加1.9~10.7 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>(培养30 d 时); 而在壤土和黏土中, 土壤硝态氮含量随DCD 浓度的增加而显著下降, 存在明显剂量效应。这说明施用DCD 可显著抑制新疆石灰性土壤的硝化作用过程, 在砂土、壤土、黏土中DCD 的最佳浓度分别为纯氮用量的6.0%、7.0%和7.0%, 并在培养30 d 内发挥显著作用。
Molecular dynamics studies of the antimicrobial peptides piscidin 1 and its mutants with a DOPC lipid bilayer (2012)

Piscidin 1 (Pis-1) has a high broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses but it also has a moderate hemolytic activities. To improve the antibacterial activity and to reduce toxicity, mutants Pis-1AA (G8A/G13A double mutant) and Pis-1PG (G8P mutant) have been designed based on the crystal structure of Pis-1. Eighteen independent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Pis-1 and its mutants with membranes are conducted in this article. Furthermore, 60 independent MD simulations of three peptides in water box have also been discussed for comparison. The results indicate that the unfolding process starts at the middle of the peptide. Pis-1 disrupts easily in the region of Val10-Lys14. Pis-1PG has a flexible N-terminal region, and the interaction between N-terminal and C-terminal is very weak. Pis-1AA has the most stable helical structure. In addition, percentage of native contacts and hydrogen bonds analysis are also performed. Lipid-peptide interaction analysis suggests that Pis-1 and Pis-1AA has a stronger interaction with the zwitterionic dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipid bilayer than Pis-1PG. When compared with the results of peptide with membrane, peptides are unstable and unfolding quickly in water solution. Our results are applicable in examining diversities on hemolytic, antibacterial, and selectivity of antimicrobial peptides.
High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution without sending a local oscillator (2015)

We report a 100-MHz continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) experiment over a 25-km fiber channel without sending a local oscillator (LO). We use a "locally" generated LO and implement with a 1-GHz shot-noise-limited homodyne detector to achieve high-speed quantum measurement, and we propose a secure phase compensation scheme to maintain a low level of excess noise. These make high-bit-rate CV-QKD significantly simpler for larger transmission distances compared with previous schemes in which both LO and quantum signals are transmitted through the insecure quantum channel.
Ventricular proarrhythmic effects of ventricular cycle length and shock strength in a sheep model of transvenous atrial defibrillation. (1994)

Synchronized transvenous atrial defibrillation shocks delivered on beats with a short preceding ventricular cycle length (< 300 milliseconds) are associated with a significantly increased risk of initiation of VF. To decrease the risk of ventricular proarrhythmia, short CLs should be avoided.
Polyhydroxymethionine (2002)

Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structures/Physical Properties Structures Physical Properties Occurrence Applications Production Patents Monomer Polymer Outlook and Perspectives
Sensitivity of bovine blastocyst gene expression patterns to culture environments assessed by differential display RT-PCR (2001)

The use of culture media to support the development of preimplantation embryos to the blastocyst stage is often associated with detrimental effects on normal development. These effects have been uncovered largely by investigating the phenotypic abnormalities displayed by fetuses and newborns derived from cultured preimplantation embryos. Research to understand the impact of culture on the embryonic developmental programme has focused on embryo metabolism, gene expression and genomic imprinting. We have used differential display RT-PCR to examine culture influences on global transcript pools in bovine embryos. Others have examined culture influences on candidate "marker genes" in cultured murine, ovine and bovine embryos. These studies have demonstrated that culture conditions influence the amount of marker gene transcripts and downregulate or induce the expression of novel genes during early development. Optimized defined culture media maintain embryonic gene expression patterns closely resembling those displayed by embryos derived in vivo. Preimplantation mammalian embryos display an impressive capacity to respond to the pressures that suboptimal culture environments place upon them. However, this plasticity operates within a defined range of tolerances. Continued research using molecular techniques will lead to increased understanding of developmental mechanisms causing culture-related phenotypic abnormalities in post-implantation embryos.
Rituximab Plus Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Prolongs Progression-Free Survival Compared With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Alone in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

R-FC significantly improved the outcome of patients with previously treated CLL.
Forensic analysis of inks by imaging desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (2007)

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is employed in the forensic analysis of documents. Blue ballpoint pen inks applied to ordinary writing paper are examined under ambient conditions without any prior sample preparation. When coupled to an automated moving stage, two-dimensional molecular images are generated. Proof-of-principle experiments include characterization of a simulated forged number and examination of older written records. This application of DESI has advantages over extractive techniques in terms of speed and sample preservation. The effects of the desorbing solvent composition, in this case a mixture of methanol and water, and of flow rate, are evaluated. Results suggest that the solubility of the analyte (dyes Basic Blue 7, Basic Violet 3 and Solvent Blue 26) plays an important role in desorption from the paper surface.
Holmium-activated fluoride glasses for U band amplifiers (2003)

Spectroscopic properties of Ho3+: 1.6 µm emission in fiber materials such as fluoride, sulfide, and selenide glasses have been investigated. To achieve a new U band fiber amplifier, optimum pumping band as well as codoping scheme is discussed under a special interest in fluoride glasses.
A Long-Term Memory Obtained by Genetic Immunization Results in Full Protection from a Mammary Adenocarcinoma Expressing an EBV Gene (1999)

We have tested the capability of a plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing the EBV nuclear Ag-4 (EBNA-4) to evoke a T cell response-associated protective immune response against a tumor expressing this gene. We have found that ACA mice immunized with EBNA-4-expressing plasmid were partially protected against syngeneic mammary carcinoma line (S6C) expressing EBNA-4 (S6C-E4). This protection was enhanced by coimmunizing mice with EBNA-4- and GM-CSF-expressing plasmids, and a full protection was achieved by coimmunizing mice with EBNA-4- and IFN-gamma-expressing plasmids. Furthermore, mice that have rejected the EBNA-4-positive tumor were also resistant against a subsequent challenge with the original nontransfected tumor line. We then checked for the ability of pDNA immunization to provide a protective long-term memory response. We indeed found that even after 3 mo from the last immunization, full protection was obtained by this method, as compared with full tumor outgrowth in the control-immunized group. These findings support the concept that a nonviral, pDNA-based vaccination strategy is useful to fully protect from the outgrowth of tumors expressing this EBV gene.
Immunological properties of the Gag protein p24 of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus (human T-cell leukemia virus type III). (1985)

Antigenic cross-reactivity of human T-cell leukemia virus type III (HTLV-III) with HTLV-I and HTLV-II and other retroviruses was measured by using a stringent homologous competition radioimmunoassay for the Gag protein p24 and a less stringent electrophoretic transfer blot assay. In the competition radioimmunoassay only minimal cross-reactivities were detected between HTLV-III p24 and both HTLV-I and HTLV-II. No cross-reactivity was detected with any other retrovirus. In the electrophoretic transfer blot system using rabbit antibody to HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and HTLV-III, low-level cross-reaction was detected between HTLV-I and HTLV-III and between HTLV-II and HTLV-III. Unlike the cross-reactivity between HTLV-I p24 and HTLV-III p24, which was bidirectional, the one between HTLV-II and HTLV-III was only a one-way reactivity. Antiserum to HTLV-II recognized HTLV-III p24, but the antiserum to HTLV-III did not recognize HTLV-II p24. The results indicate that HTLV-III is a unique retrovirus with a limited homology with HTLV-I and HTLV-II but unrelated to most other retroviruses.
Differential induction by immune interferon of the gene products of the HLA-D region on the melanoma cell line MeWo and its metastatic variant MeM 50-10. (1988)

This study has shown for the first time an association between the metastatic properties of two autologous melanoma cell lines and their susceptibility to induction of HLA class II Ag by IFN-gamma. After in vitro incubation with IFN-gamma the melanoma cell line MeWo did not acquire reactivity with anti-HLA class II antibodies, whereas its metastatic variant MeM 50-10 did. The differential susceptibility to induction of HLA class II Ag on the two cell lines cannot be accounted for by either differences in the number and affinity of IFN-gamma receptors or in the sensitivity to IFN-gamma, but most likely reflects an intrinsic property of each cell line. Serologic and immunochemical investigations with anti HLA-DR, DQ, and DP mAb have indicated that only HLA-DR Ag are induced by IFN-gamma on MeM 50-10 cells. Northern blot analysis with HLA-DR beta, DQ beta, and DP beta probes suggest that different mechanisms underlie the differential susceptibility to induction by IFN-gamma of the gene products of the HLA-D region. The regulatory mechanism(s) that control the expression of HLA class II Ag appear to be different from those controlling the expression of the melanoma-associated Ag tested, inasmuch as the modulation of the latter by IFN-gamma did not differ on the two melanoma cell lines.
Efficacy and safety of QGE031, a novel anti-IgE antibody, in atopic subjects (2014)

Background: Omalizumab has a mid-range affinity for IgE, and the clinical effects of deeper IgE suppression are largely unknown.
Objective: To explore the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of QGE031, a novel high-affinity anti-IgE antibody.
Methods: Preclinical assessments and two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials were conducted in atopic subjects. The first trial administered QGE031 (0.1-10 mg/kg) or placebo intravenously, while the second trial administered QGE031 (0.2- 4 mg/kg) or placebo subcutaneously. Both trials included an open-label omalizumab arm. 
Results: Sixty of seventy-three (82%) and 96/110 (87%) subjects completed the intravenous and subcutaneous studies, respectively. Exposure to QGE031 and its half-life were dependent on the dose of QGE031 and serum IgE level. QGE031 had a biexponential pharmacokinetic profile after intravenous administration and a terminal half-life of approximately 20 days (subcutaneous study; range, 13-26 days). QGE031 demonstrated dose- and time-dependent suppression of free IgE, basophil FceRI and basophil surface IgE superior in extent (free IgE and surface IgE) and duration to omalizumab. At Day 85, six weeks after the last dose, skin-prick wheal responses to allergen were suppressed by >95% and 41% in subjects treated subcutaneously with QGE031 (2 mg/kg) or omalizumab, respectively (P < .001). Urticaria was observed in QGE031- and placebo-treated subjects and was accompanied by systemic symptoms in one subject treated with 10 mg/kg intravenous QGE031. There were no serious adverse events.
Conclusion and clinical relevance: These are the first clinical data obtained with QGE031, a novel anti-IgE monoclonal antibody; they demonstrate that increased suppression of free IgE compared with omalizumab translated to superior reduction of pharmacodynamic endpoints in atopic subjects, including those with high levels of IgE. QGE031 may therefore benefit patients unable to receive, or not optimally treated with, omalizumab.
Terbutaline and the Prevention of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

Terbutaline may be shown to be effective and safe in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes in a suitably powered randomized controlled trial.