gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Mediates Feedback Inhibition of the Insulin Signaling Cascade (2003)

Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by proinflammatory cytokines inhibits insulin signaling, at least in part, by stimulating phosphorylation of rat/mouse insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) at Ser(307) (Ser(312) in human IRS1). Here we show that JNK mediated feedback inhibition of the insulin signal in mouse embryo fibroblasts, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and 32D(IR) cells. Insulin stimulation of JNK activity required phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb2 signaling. Moreover, activation of JNK by insulin was inhibited by a cell-permeable peptide that disrupted the interaction of JNK with cellular proteins. However, the direct binding of JNK to Irs1 was not required for its activation by insulin, whereas direct binding was required for Ser(307) phosphorylation of Irs1. Insulin-stimulated Ser(307) phosphorylation was reduced 80% in cells lacking JNK1 and JNK2 or in cells expressing a mutant Irs1 protein lacking the JNK binding site. Reduced Ser(307) phosphorylation was directly related to increased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and glucose uptake. These results support the hypothesis that JNK is a negative feedback regulator of insulin action by phosphorylating Ser(307) in Irs1.
Experimental evaluation of a prototype cylindrical section ultrasound hyperthermia phased-array applicator (1991)

A prototype 64-element, 75 degrees cylindrical-section ultrasonic phased-array hyperthermia applicator has been designed and constructed. The ability of this applicator to focus ultrasonic energy at its geometric focus is verified in a water medium. The array is then driven by excitation vectors obtained using the pseudoinverse pattern synthesis method to generate shifted-focus and multiple-focus field patterns. Experimental results of single and multiple-focus patterns at 500 kHz are given and are in good agreement with theory. The results indicate that the main beam in single-focus patterns is generally insensitive to errors in the phases and amplitudes of the particle velocities of the array elements. The effect of such errors is largely exhibited in the sidelobes which, for all practical purposes, remain at levels acceptable for hyperthermia. This is true for both the geometric focus and shifted foci.
Hemeoxygenase-1 in SJL mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (2003)

The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is increased in the CNS of mice and rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the role of HO-1 in EAE, a putative inhibitor [tin-protoporphyrin IX (Sn-PP IX)] of HO-1 was administered to SJL mice during active disease. Sn-PP IX (200 micromol/kg) attenuated clinical scores, weight loss, and some signs of pathology in comparison to vehicle treatment. Glutathione levels were greater in treated EAE mice than in those receiving vehicle, indicating lower oxidative stress in the former group. These data suggest that inhibition of HO-1 attenuated disease and suppressed free radical production. In the SJL model of EAE, extravasated blood is present in the CNS, and iron released by HO-1 from this heme source may not be adequately sequestered by ferritin, allowing for iron-mediated tissue damage. Thus, HO-1 may act to amplify the disease process in this model.
Functional STAT3 deficiency compromises the generation of human T follicular helper cells (2012)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for providing the necessary signals to induce differentiation of B cells into memory and Ab-secreting cells. Accordingly, it is important to identify the molecular requirements for Tfh cell development and function. We previously found that IL-12 mediates the differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells to the Tfh lineage, because IL-12 induces naive human CD4(+) T cells to acquire expression of IL-21, BCL6, ICOS, and CXCR5, which typify Tfh cells. We have now examined CD4(+) T cells from patients deficient in IL-12Rβ1, TYK2, STAT1, and STAT3 to further explore the pathways involved in human Tfh cell differentiation. Although STAT1 was dispensable, mutations in IL12RB1, TYK2, or STAT3 compromised IL-12-induced expression of IL-21 by human CD4(+) T cells. Defective expression of IL-21 by STAT3-deficient CD4(+) T cells resulted in diminished B-cell helper activity in vitro. Importantly, mutations in STAT3, but not IL12RB1 or TYK2, also reduced Tfh cell generation in vivo, evidenced by decreased circulating CD4(+)CXCR5(+) T cells. These results highlight the nonredundant role of STAT3 in human Tfh cell differentiation and suggest that defective Tfh cell development and/or function contributes to the humoral defects observed in STAT3-deficient patients.
Metastatic prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse. (1996)

We have previously reported the development of a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer derived from PB-Tag transgenic line 8247, henceforth designated the TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) model. We now describe the temporal and spatial consequences of transgene expression and report the identification and characterization of metastatic disease in the TRAMP model. TRAMP mice characteristically express the T antigen oncoprotein by 8 weeks of age and develop distinct pathology in the epithelium of the dorsolateral prostate by 10 weeks of age. Distant site metastases can be detected as early as 12 weeks of age. The common sites of metastases are the periaortic lymph nodes and lungs, with occasional metastases to the kidney, adrenal gland, and bone. By 28 weeks of age, 100% harbor metastatic prostate cancer in the lymph nodes or lungs. We have also demonstrated the loss of normal E-cadherin expression, as observed in human prostate cancer, as primary tumors become less differentiated and metastasize. The TRAMP model provides a consistent source of primary and metastatic tumors for histopathobiological and molecular analysis to further define the earliest molecular events involved in the genesis, progression, and metastasis of prostate cancer.
Reversible Control of Carbon Nanotube Aggregation for a Glucose Affinity Sensor (2006)

Hin und her: Über die Bildung kolloidal stabiler Suspensionen von dextranumhüllten einwandigen Nanoröhren (SWNTs) gelang es, einen Affinitätssensor herzustellen, der auf einer SWNT-Photolumineszenz basiert. Die Aggregation ließ sich über die Einführung eines glucosebindenden Proteins und von Glucose steuern, was einen reversiblen Glucosesensor ergibt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z603138_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory (2007)

Modern organic synthesis in the laboratory , Modern organic synthesis in the laboratory , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
A Study of Doderlein's Vaginal Bacillus (1926)

Journal Article A Study of Döderlein's Vaginal Bacillus Get access Abraham F. Lash, Abraham F. Lash From the Departments of Bacteriology and Pathology and of Gynecology, University of Illinois, and from the Cook County Hospital, Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bertha Kaplan Bertha Kaplan From the Departments of Bacteriology and Pathology and of Gynecology, University of Illinois, and from the Cook County Hospital, Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 1926, Pages 333–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/38.4.333 Published: 01 April 1926 Article history Received: 28 December 1925 Published: 01 April 1926
Phytochrome gene diversity (1997)

ABSTRACT The structures and functions of the phytochrome apoprotein genes (the PHY genes), their diversity across the plant kingdom, and their evolution are central concerns in the study of red‐light sensing in plants. We summarize here recent advances in two areas relating to these topics: (1) the characteristics of the PHY gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana , the higher plant species for which the most extensive information on these genes is available, and (2) the similarity relationships, phylogeny, and evolutionary implications of PHY gene sequences and partial sequences which have been described from various plants. Together, these two areas of study, one directed at understanding in detail the phytochromes present in a single species and the other directed at a much broader understanding of PHY gene relatedness and distribution, are producing an increasingly clear picture of the diversity and evolution of plant red‐light photoreceptors. Moreover, they suggest that the complexity of the phytochrome family has increased as land plants have evolved novel morphologies.
Synthesis and polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes (1999)

Vinylcyclopropanes are important synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry and are mostly synthesized by the simultaneous introduction of the cyclopropane and the vinyl unit, e. g., by the reaction of trans-1,4-dihalobutenes with β-dicarbonyl compounds or the addition of carbenes to dienes. The polymerization of vinylcyclopropane itself results in vinyl polymers with predominantly 1,2-structural units. The radical polymerization of substituted vinylcyclopropanes results in polymers with mainly 1,5-ring-opened units, whereby radical stabilizing substituents or electron-withdrawing groups increase the radical polymerizability and the ring-opening ability. The vinylcyclopropanes undergo a radical copolymerization with other vinyl monomers, such as methacrylates, and, in comparison to the polymerization of these linear vinyl monomers, the vinylcyclopropanes show a significantly lower volume shrinkage during ring-opening polymerization. Hybrid vinylcyclopropanes are polymerized step-by-step under formation of reactive polymers or polymer networks. Multifunctional cross-linking vinylcyclopropanes can be used as new low-shrinking matrix monomers for photopolymerizable materials. In addition, the sol-gel process of trialkoxysilyl-functionalized vinylcyclopropanes affords low shrinking organic-inorganic nanocomposites.
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) drives proliferation and anoikis resistance in a subset of ovarian cancers (2015)

Ovarian cancer represents the most lethal tumor type among malignancies of the female reproductive system. Overall survival rates remain low. In this study, we identify the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) as a potential therapeutic target for a subset of ovarian cancers. We show that SPINK1 drives ovarian cancer cell proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, and that SPINK1 promotes resistance to anoikis through a distinct mechanism involving protease inhibition. In analyses of ovarian tumor specimens from a Mayo Clinic cohort of 490 patients, we further find that SPINK1 immunostaining represents an independent prognostic factor for poor survival, with the strongest association in patients with nonserous histological tumor subtypes (endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). This study provides novel insight into the fundamental processes underlying ovarian cancer progression, and also suggests new avenues for development of molecularly targeted therapies.
High Temperature Oxidation Issues in Fossil Boilers (2010)

This report covers the conclusion of a multi-year project that examined the oxidation resistance of Al-rich coatings and a new project examining the effect of higher CO 2 contents on corrosion mechanisms in oxyfired coal-fueled boilers. The coating work primarily examined diffusion coatings for the steam side of typical ferritic (9-12%Cr) and austenitic (e.g., Type 304L) tube materials in accelerated testing at 650°-800°C in wet air. The final phase of this work has attempted to obtain additional coating failures to determine a critical Al content (at coating failure) as a function of exposure temperature. However, no failures have been observed for austenitic substrates including&amp;gt;25 kh at 700°C and&amp;gt;6 kh at 800°C. Preliminary results are presented from the oxy-firing project, where the initial focus is on ferritic alloys. Initial coal-ash experiments were conducted at 600°C to evaluate some of the test parameters and three different levels of CO 2 were investigated. An in-situ creep rig is being constructed to evaluate the effect of environment on creep properties. Initial ex-situ creep experiments are presented as a baseline.
Discovery of a 2,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolo[1,2-f][1,2,4]triazine Inhibitor (BMS-754807) of Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R) Kinase in Clinical Development (2009)

This report describes the biological activity, characterization, and SAR leading to 9d (BMS-754807) a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor in clinical development.
cAMP-independent activation of CFTR Cl channels by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (1995)

Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, activates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in transfected NIH-3T3 fibroblasts that express the CFTR (3T3-CFTR). CFTR activity was assayed by 125I efflux and by patch clamping in the cell-attached mode. Both forskolin and genistein stimulated 125I efflux and activated a 9-10 pS anion channel in 3T3-CFTR cells but failed to activate 125I efflux in mock-transfected NIH-3T3 cells. Genistein, unlike forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, did not increase intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) above control levels. This demonstrates that genistein-dependent activation does not involve inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity and suggests that stimulation does not involve a direct activation of protein kinase A. Genistein stimulated 125I efflux to approximately 50% of the maximal rate with forskolin. Genistein did not increase 125I efflux at saturating forskolin but decreased the concentration of forskolin required for half-maximal stimulation. Orthovanadate (VO4), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, inhibited genistein-induced channel activation with an inhibition constant of approximately 20 microM. These effects suggest that, in addition to activation by protein kinase A, the CFTR is regulated by a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway.
Cine MR Angiography of the Heart with Segmented True Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession (2001)

In five healthy subjects and 18 patients, cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the heart was performed with a true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence. Results were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively with those at cine fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR imaging. The blood-myocardial contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was 2.0 times higher and the normalized (for measurement time and pixel size) blood-myocardial CNR was 4.0 times higher for true FISP compared with FLASH MR imaging. Qualitative scores for image quality were significantly higher with true FISP MR imaging. Segmented cine true FISP MR imaging generated high-contrast MR images of the heart in healthy subjects and in patients with heart disease and produced image quality superior to that with cine FLASH MR imaging.
Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms. (1995)

We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA coding for human HepG2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; EC 6.4.1.2). The sequence has an open reading frame of 7038 bp that encode 2346 amino acids (M(r), 264,737). The C-terminal 2.6-kb sequence is very different from that recently reported for human ACC (Ha, J., Daniel, S., Kong, I.-S., Park, C.-K., Tae, H.-J. & Kim, K.-H. [1994] Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 297-306). Northern blot analysis revealed that the ACC mRNA is approximately 10 kb in size and that its level varies among the tissues tested. Evidence is presented to show that the human ACC gene is 200-480 kbp in size and maps to chromosome 17q12. We also provide evidence for the presence of another ACC-like gene with similarly sized mRNA but tissue-specific expression different from that of the ACC gene reported herein. That this second ACC-like gene encodes the 280-kDa carboxylase is not ruled out.
Wave Length Lenses (1947)

Abstract : The property shown by dielectric blocks of concentrating the energy of electromagnetic waves is similar in many respects to the operation of an ordinary glass optical lens. The energies considered have a much lower frequency than that of light, and the wave lengths are generally such that the lenses have dimensions of the order of a wave length, for the more usual applications. In this they differ radically from optical lenses. A definite phase relationship is found to exist between the energy in the lens and that of free space, and if in the design of the lens, this relationship is not respected, the lens will not yield its maximum concentrating power, or gain. The energy velocity in a lens approaches that of light with a decreasing cross section. The side walls of a lens are found to be effective energy gatherers. The thinner the lens the longer it can be made so as to increase its exposed area. An increased gain results. The index of refraction of the lens material plays a role in this action by its effect on the lens velocity. Experimental data correlating their different properties are given in the following with tentative supporting theories where possible. Dielectric losses contribute a small and usually negligible effect in the operation of all lenses, but this effect has been disregarded to simplify as far as possible the following data.
Half rate CELP codec candidate for North American digital cellular systems (2003)

A half rate speech/channel codec intended for the TIA technology assessment is described. The requirements for this assessment are an overall bit rate of 6.4 kbps and a frame size of 40 msec. The codec design and its performance is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Texture analysis for classification of cervix lesions (2000)

This paper presents a generalized statistical texture analysis technique for characterizing and recognizing typical, diagnostically most important, vascular patterns relating to cervical lesions from colposcopic images. The contributions of the research include: 1) the introduction of a generalized texture analysis technique based on the combination of the conventional statistical and structural textural analysis approaches by using a statistical description of geometric primitives; 2) the introduction of a set of textural measures that capture the specific characteristics of cervical textures as perceived by human. Experimental study with real images demonstrated the feasibility and promising of the proposed approach in discriminating between cervical texture patterns indicative of different stages of cervical lesions.
Improved Localizadon of Cortical Activity by Combining EEG and MEG with MRI Cortical Surface Reconstruction: A Linear Approach (1993)

Abstract We describe a comprehensive linear approach to the problem of imaging brain activity with high temporal as well as spatial resolution based on combining EEG and MEG data with anatomical constraints derived from MRI images. The "inverse problem" of estimating the distribution of dipole strengths over the cortical surface is highly underdetermined, even given closely spaced EEG and MEG recordings. We have obtained much better solutions to this problem by explicitly incorporating both local cortical orientation as well as spatial covariance of sources and sensors into our formulation. An explicit polygonal model of the cortical manifold is first constructed as follows: (1) slice data in three orthogonal planes of section (needle-shaped voxels) are combined with a linear deblurring technique to make a single high-resolution 3-D image (cubic voxels), (2) the image is recursively flood-filled to determine the topology of the gray-white matter border, and (3) the resulting continuous surface is refined by relaxing it against the original 3-D gray-scale image using a deformable template method, which is also used to computationally flatten the cortex for easier viewing. The explicit solution to an error minimization formulation of an optimal inverse linear operator (for a particular cortical manifold, sensor placement, noise and prior source covariance) gives rise to a compact expression that is practically computable for hundreds of sensors and thousands of sources. The inverse solution can then be weighted for a particular (averaged) event using the sensor covariance for that event. Model studies suggest that we may be able to localize multiple cortical sources with spatial resolution as good as PET with this technique, while retaining a much finer grained picture of activity over time.
The production of ethyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid using clay catalysts (1983)

Abstract Wyoming bentonite, exchanged with cations of high charge density, is an efficient and selective catalyst for the production of ethyl acetate, in a single step, from ethylene and acetic acid. The reaction occurs in the interlamellar space of the clay where it is proposed that strong Brönsted acid sites on the clay coupled with highly polarized intercalated reactants produce a reaction which is otherwise difficult to carry out.
IPT-AST Pre-Group Sessions (2016)

Adolescents in Interpersonal Psychotherapy–Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) participate in two individual pre-group sessions before the group begins. If two sessions are not feasible, a single 90-minute session can be offered. The goals of these sessions are to get to know the adolescent and build rapport; assess for depression symptoms over the past week; provide psychoeducation about depression; explain the structure of IPT-AST; conduct an interpersonal inventory of important relationships; and help the teen to set interpersonal goals for group. When possible, it is helpful for parents to attend the first pre-group session to learn about the program’s focus and structure. This chapter describes the structure and content of these pre-group sessions.
CD94 surface density identifies a functional intermediary between the CD56bright and CD56dim human NK-cell subsets (2009)

Human CD56(bright) natural killer (NK) cells possess little or no killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), high interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, but little cytotoxicity. CD56(dim) NK cells have high KIR expression, produce little IFN-gamma, yet display high cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that, if human NK maturation progresses from a CD56(bright) to a CD56(dim) phenotype, an intermediary NK cell must exist, which demonstrates more functional overlap than these 2 subsets, and we used CD94 expression to test our hypothesis. CD94(high)CD56(dim) NK cells express CD62L, CD2, and KIR at levels between CD56(bright) and CD94(low)CD56(dim) NK cells. CD94(high)CD56(dim) NK cells produce less monokine-induced IFN-gamma than CD56(bright) NK cells but much more than CD94(low)CD56(dim) NK cells because of differential interleukin-12-mediated STAT4 phosphorylation. CD94(high)CD56(dim) NK cells possess a higher level of granzyme B and perforin expression and CD94-mediated redirected killing than CD56(bright) NK cells but lower than CD94(low)CD56(dim) NK cells. Collectively, our data suggest that the density of CD94 surface expression on CD56(dim) NK cells identifies a functional and likely developmental intermediary between CD56(bright) and CD94(low)CD56(dim) NK cells. This supports the notion that, in vivo, human CD56(bright) NK cells progress through a continuum of differentiation that ends with a CD94(low)CD56(dim) phenotype.