gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective vinylic carbon-hydrogen activation by a homogeneous iridium catalyst (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective vinylic carbon-hydrogen activation by a homogeneous iridium catalystJ. W. Faller and C. J. SmartCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 3, 602–609Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00105a005https://doi.org/10.1021/om00105a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selection of an RNA domain that binds Zn2+. (1995)

We have selected an RNA that depends on zinc for affinity to a column, starting from a pool of ribooligonucleotides with 50 randomized positions. This RNA's chemical sensitivities, calculated folding thermodynamics, and activity when fragmented suggest that an ion binding site lies within a complex 21-nt hairpin loop, near the junction with an imperfect helical stem. This RNA site has an unselected selectivity among divalents, preferring nickel, cobalt, and cadmium to calcium, magnesium, and manganese, as expected for a simple site of chelation. A moderate zinc-dependent change in loop structure accompanies divalent binding and can be detected by chemical probing and zinc-dependent UV-induced crosslinking. The latter also demonstrates the apposition of loop sequences to make a structure that may be related to the E-loop motif found in a number of other RNA molecules; the E-loop motif, accordingly, may be a divalent site.
Syntheses of 6-Substituted 3-Pyridazinyl Phosphorothioates (1974)

A variety of 6-substituted-3-pyridazinyl phosphorothioates were synthesized by the reaction of O,O-dialkyl phosphorothiochloridates with corresponding 3 (2H)pyridazinones. In certain cases, N-alkylated pyridazinones were formed along with the desired phosphorothioates. The optimal condition for the phosphorylation and the mechanism of the N-alkylation were investigated.
High Performance Virtual Machines (2002)

Abstract : The primary goal of the High Performance Virtual Machines (HPVM) project was to reduce the effort required to build a high performance and distributed applications by leveraging the investments and understanding of scalable parallel systems. The approach to reducing the programming effort required to build high performance distributed applications was to insulate the program with a uniform, portable abstraction - a High Performance Virtual Machine - with predictable, high performance characteristics. Success was achieved by delivering a large fraction of the underlying hardware performance, visualizing resources to provide portability and reduce the application building effort and delivering predictable, high performance computing. HPVM has produced several major software releases involving high performance communication libraries, complete software systems, and improved versions of those systems on a variety of hardware and software platforms. These systems have been downloaded and deployed at top research universities, major computer companies and national research laboratories. Clusters of commodity systems connected by high-speed networks are an important computing element and serve as an important model for future computing environments. Technologies which effectively exploit distributed computational resources can tap this cluster pool to deliver high performance computing, dramatically increasing the computational power available for both high performance computing and high performance distributed applications.
Measurement and Modeling of Amplitude Scintillations on Low-Elevation Earth-Space Paths and Impact on Communication Systems (1986)

Amplitude scintillations occurring on low-elevation earthspace paths can be large enough to significantly degrade the quality of satellite communications links at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> -band and higher frequencies. This paper presents measurements of amplitude scintillations on low-elevation (7.1° and 8.9°) satellite downlinks at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> -band. The statistical distributions of scintillation amplitude and rms intensity are approximated using the Moulsley-Vilar model [1]. An analytical approximation of this model is presented and is shown to be an easy means of predicting system outage time due to scintillations. Theoretical estimates of the average bit error rate for a digital satellite link subject to scintillation fading are presented for NCFSK and CPSK modulations. Other ways in which scintillations can affect a satellite communication link are discussed, and results are also presented showing the seasonal and diurnal variability of the scintillation intensity and long-term correlation with ground temperature.
Improve power conversion efficiency of slab coupled optical waveguide lasers (2014)

The slab coupled optical waveguide laser (SCOWL) is a promising candidate for high power, single mode emitter for a number of reasons, including its near diffraction limited optical quality, large modal size and near circular output pattern. Current SCOWL designs have limited electrical-optical power conversion efficiency (PCE) around 40%, which is lower than conventional RWG laser and broad area laser that are known to have much higher PCEs. To improve the SCOWL PCE, we theoretically optimize its structure by reducing Al content, increasing doping concentration and introducing a GRIN layer to prevent carrier leakage. Numerical simulations predict that an optimized SCOWL design has a maximum PCE of about 57% at room temperature.
Soluble fibers and resistant starch ameliorate disease activity in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary fibers in preventing gut inflammation in interleukin‐10‐deficient (IL‐10−/−) mice. C57BL/6J wild type mice (n=90) and IL‐10−/− mice (n=185) were randomly assigned to either a control or isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with PROMITOR™ soluble corn fiber (SCF), STA‐LITE III® polydextrose (PDX), biogum (BG), pullulan, PROMITOR™ resistant starch‐75 (RS‐75), SGF&amp;BG, RS‐75&amp;BG and inulin (4 g fiber/100 g diet). On day 47 spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were macroscopically and histologically evaluated. The spleen and Peyer's patches (PP) were collected in sterile conditions for isolating mononuclear cells, measuring the percentages of regulatory T cells (Treg) and cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells (i.e., IL‐12, IFN‐γ; and IL‐10). Dietary supplementation with RS‐75, SCF, RS‐75&amp;BG and inulin had a preventive effect in spontaneous colitis and ileitis and ameliorated disease activity, but only RS‐75 reduced inflammatory lesions in the MLN, ileum and colon. RS‐75, SCF and inulin significantly decreased IFN‐γ; production by effector CD4+ T cells from PP and RS‐75 increased the Treg compartment in spleen and PP. These data suggest certain soluble fibers and resistant starch may influence Treg and cytokine production to minimize gut inflammation. Supported by Tate &amp; Lyle Health &amp; Nutrition Sciences
The Unique Methane Gas Deposit in Lake Kivu (Central Africa) - Stratification, Dynamics, Genesis and Development (1980)

Abstract Lake Kivu, situated in Central Africa, contains a scientific and economic peculiarity: 63.109 m3 of methane at STP are dissolved in the deep part of this lake. The gas is held in the water by a special density stratification. The lake has recently been systematically explored during a German research expedition. With help of the results of the expedition and theoretical exploitation models the basis for development of this unique methane deposit has been created.
Strong exciton-plasmon coupling in semiconducting carbon nanotubes (2009)

We study theoretically the interactions of excitonic states with surface electromagnetic modes of small-diameter $(\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{nm})$ semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. We show that these interactions can result in strong exciton-surface-plasmon coupling. The exciton absorption line shape exhibits Rabi splitting $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{eV}$ as the exciton energy is tuned to the nearest interband surface-plasmon resonance of the nanotube. We also show that the quantum confined Stark effect may be used as a tool to control the exciton binding energy and the nanotube band gap in carbon nanotubes in order, e.g., to bring the exciton total energy in resonance with the nearest interband plasmon mode. The exciton-plasmon Rabi splitting we predict here for an individual carbon nanotube is close in its magnitude to that previously reported for hybrid plasmonic nanostructures artificially fabricated of organic semiconductors on metallic films. We expect this effect to open up paths to new tunable optoelectronic device applications of semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
Effective treatment of mild-to-moderate nasal polyposis with fluticasone delivered by a novel device (2009)

Fluticasone propionate (400 microg b.i.d.) administered using OptiNose's breath actuated bi-directional delivery device was an effective and well tolerated treatment for mild-to- moderate bilateral nasal polyposis.
SurR: a transcriptional activator and repressor controlling hydrogen and elemental sulphur metabolism in Pyrococcus furiosus (2008)

This work describes the identification and characterization of SurR, Pyrococcus furiosus sulphur (S(0)) response regulator. SurR was captured from cell extract using promoter DNA of a hydrogenase operon that is downregulated in the primary response of P. furiosus to S(0), as revealed by DNA microarray experiments. SurR was validated as a sequence-specific DNA binding protein, and characterization of the SurR DNA binding motif GTTn(3)AAC led to the identification of several target genes that contain an extended motif in their promoters. A number of these were validated to contain upstream SurR binding sites. These SurR targets strongly correspond with open reading frames and operons both up- and downregulated in the primary response to S(0). In vitro transcription revealed that SurR is an activator for its own gene as well as for two hydrogenase operons whose expression is downregulated during the primary S(0) response; it is also a repressor for two genes upregulated during the primary S(0) response, one of which encodes the primary S(0)-reducing enzyme NAD(P)H sulphur reductase. Herein we give evidence for the role of SurR in both mediating the primary response to S(0) and controlling hydrogen production in P. furiosus.
Quantum Hall Effect in a Gate-Controlled p-n Junction of Graphene (2007)

The unique band structure of graphene allows reconfigurable electric-field control of carrier type and density, making graphene an ideal candidate for bipolar nanoelectronics. We report the realization of a single-layer graphene p-n junction in which carrier type and density in two adjacent regions are locally controlled by electrostatic gating. Transport measurements in the quantum Hall regime reveal new plateaus of two-terminal conductance across the junction at 1 and 32 times the quantum of conductance, e(2)/h, consistent with recent theory. Beyond enabling investigations in condensed-matter physics, the demonstrated local-gating technique sets the foundation for a future graphene-based bipolar technology.
Tetracyclines of various hydrophobicities as a probe for permeability of Escherichia coli outer membranes (1984)

The outer membrane of gram-negative cells excludes hydrophobic molecules and is responsible for the resistance of these cells to a number of dyes, detergents, and antibiotics. We describe a test for hydrophobic permeability in which a series of tetracyclines with various hydrophobicities are used. Normal Escherichia coli cells became more resistant as hydrophobicity was increased in this series, but mutants altered in outer membrane permeability remained susceptible. A mutant lacking all polysaccharide except 2-keto-3- deoxyoctonic acid in its lipopolysaccharide is virtually as susceptible to the hydrophobic drug 13- phenylmercapto -alpha-6- deoxytetracycline as to oxytetracycline (MIC 100 times lower than that of the wild type), and a mutant with another, as yet undefined outer membrane defect, acrA , also shows increased, although somewhat lesser, susceptibility (MIC 20 times lower than that of the wild type). Increased susceptibility to this tetracycline derivative is associated with greater fluorescence of the derivative when added to the cells, which we interpret as increased interaction of the derivative with hydrophobic domains, such as membranes, in the mutants. This series of tetracyclines may provide an assay for measuring the permeability of gram-negative organisms and their mutants to hydrophobic molecules.
Immune complexes are potent inhibitors of interleukin‐12 secretion by human monocytes (1997)

We have studied the effect of immune complexes (IC) on interleukin (IL)-12 secretion by human monocytes in vitro. Two experimental models of IC were used. IC formed of tetanus toxoid and polyclonal anti-tetanus toxoid antiserum as well as heat-aggregated human serum IgG almost completely inhibited IL-12 (p70 and p40) secretion induced by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide in human blood-derived monocytes. Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies plus indomethacin restored IL-12 secretion in the presence of IC to a high extent, indicating that IL-10 and prostaglandin (PG) partially mediate the IC-induced inhibition of IL-12 secretion. However, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by specific antibodies also incompletely restored IL-12 secretion. Indeed, monocytes secrete high levels of TNF-alpha upon stimulation by IC. We found that exogenously added TNF-alpha caused a profound inhibition of monocytic IL-12 secretion in the absence of IC, again mediated via the induction of IL-10 and PG. In summary, IC inhibit IL-12 secretion via TNF-alpha-induced IL-10 and PG synthesis. We conclude that IC, typically appearing in the course of chronic inflammatory processes, may influence the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses and may thus contribute to a deprivation of cell-mediated immune responses.
Production of Antibodies That Recognize Specific Tyrosine‐Phosphorylated Peptides (2002)

Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of various proteins plays an important role in regulation of the functional activities of proteins within the cell. Antibodies to specific tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides are a valuable tool for analysis of the localization and function of individual phosphoproteins. This unit describes the methods used to produce and screen monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for specificity for only the phosphorylated state of a peptide.
A submillimeter-wave planar low noise Schottky receiver (2002)

A planar quasi-optical Schottky receiver based on the quasi-integrated horn antenna has been developed and tested over the 230-280-GHz bandwidth. The receiver consists of a planar GaAs Schottky diode placed at the feed of a dipole-probe suspended on a thin dielectric membrane in an etched-pyramidal horn cavity. The antenna-mixer results in a measured DSB (double sideband) conversion loss and noise temperature at 258 GHz of 7.2 dB+or-0.5 dB and 1310 K+or-70 K, respectively, at room temperature. The low cost of fabrication and simplicity of the design make it ideal for submillimeter-wave receivers requiring a 10% bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of allopurinol and steroids on inflammation and oxidative tissue damage in experimental lens induced uveitis: a biochemical and morphological study. (1996)

The findings show that both allopurinol and steroids exert positive effects on the variables determined in LIU. The effects of steroids are believed to be mostly due to their direct action on inflammatory cells. The recently reported scavenging effects of methylprednisolone should play a minor role in this disease model. Allopurinol and oxypurinol act as direct scavengers of free radicals and hypochlorous acid, which is produced via MPO catalysis, thus leading to a reduction in tissue inflammation and tissue damage.
Structure/function of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: lessons from polymorphisms, evolution, crystal structures and mutations (2011)

Stimulation or tolerance of natural killer (NK) cells is achieved through a cross-talk of signals derived from cell surface activating and inhibitory receptors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a family of highly polymorphic activating and inhibitory receptors that serve as key regulators of human NK cell function. Distinct structural domains in different KIR family members determine function by providing docking sites for ligands or signalling proteins. Here, we review a growing body of literature that has identified important structural elements on KIR that contribute to function through studies of engineered mutants, natural polymorphic sequence variants, crystal structure data and the conservation of protein sequences throughout primate evolution. Extensive natural polymorphism is associated with both human KIR and their ligands, MHC class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) molecules, and numerous studies have demonstrated associations between inheritance of certain combinations of KIR and HLA genes and susceptibility to several diseases, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders and cancers. In addition, certain KIR/HLA combinations can influence pregnancy and the outcome of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In view of the significant regulatory influences of KIR on immune function and human health, it is essential to fully understand the impacts of these polymorphic sequence variations on ligand recognition, expression and function of the receptor.
Chemical Probes for the Rapid Detection of Fatty-Acylated Proteins in Mammalian Cells (2007)

The attachment of lipids onto proteins modulates the activity of proteins in many biological settings. The analysis of protein lipidation, however, is challenging due to the relatively few methods for the detection of lipid-modified proteins. Here we describe the synthesis of ω-azido-fatty acids as non-radioactive chemical probes for the rapid visualization of fatty-acylated proteins in mammalian cells. Following metabolic installation of the ω-azido-fatty acids onto target proteins by cellular enzymes, fatty-acylated proteins are selectively biotinylated with a phosphine−biotin reagent via the Staudinger ligation and visualized by streptavidin blotting. Depending on the chain length of the ω-azido-fatty acids, N-myristoylated and S-palmitoylated proteins can be visualized selectively in cell lysates and on specific proteins. These chemical probes provide new tools to analyze fatty acylation of proteins in living cells.
Immune Privilege and the Skin (2008)

This chapter summarizes the evidence that defined compartments of the hair follicle (HF) and nail epithelium maintain an area of relative immune privilege (IP). HF and nail IP is chiefly characterized by absent or very low level of expression of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens, complemented by a number of factors, such as the local production of potent immunosuppressive agents, dysfunction of professional antigen-presenting cells and inhibition of natural killer cell activities. In the hair bulb, IP is seen only in the anagen stage of HF cycling, while the nail apparatus continuously maintains an IP site in its proximal nail matrix, since the nail apparatus does not cycle. Possibly, the (non-cycling) bulge area of human scalp HFs also enjoys some relative, stably maintained IP, even though it is not as pronounced as the IP of the anagen hair bulb. A collapse of HF and nail IP likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis of one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, alopecia areata. Therefore, the therapeutic restoration of IP collapse promises to be a particularly effective future strategy for the treatment of alopecia areata.
A Genomic Strategy to Refine Prognosis in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

The lung metagene model provides a potential mechanism to refine the estimation of a patient's risk of disease recurrence and, in principle, to alter decisions regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage NSCLC.
An extrachromosomal tetracycline-regulatable system for mammalian cells (2000)

We have modified the tetracycline-regulatable system so that all components are present on a stable extrachromosomal vector that can replicate in a wide variety of mammalian cells. An EBV/human ori vector is used to carry the system, overcoming the species specificity of conventional Epstein-Barr virus vectors. By placing the transcriptional transactivator gene under autoregulation, better induction characteristics are obtained. This system offers greater speed and sensitivity than previously reported methods. It can be applied within 3-4 weeks and produces an induction range of several hundred-fold with a low background.
5-HT4receptor agonists and δ-opioid receptor antagonists act synergistically to stimulate colonic propulsion (1998)

Opioid neurons exert a tonic restraint on inhibitory VIP/PACAP/NOS motoneurons of the enteric nervous system. A decrease in opioid peptide release during the descending phase of the peristaltic reflex, which underlies propulsive activity, leads to an increase in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and nitric oxide (NO) release and circular muscle relaxation. These effects are accentuated by opioid receptor antagonists. Endogenous opioid peptides and selective opioid delta-, kappa- and mu-receptor agonists decreased the velocity of pellet propulsion in isolated segments of guinea pig colon, whereas selective antagonists increased velocity in a concentration-dependent fashion with an order of potency indicating preferential involvement of delta-receptors. 5-HT4 agonists (HTF-919 and R-093877), which also increase the velocity of propulsion, acted synergistically with the delta-receptor antagonist naltrindole; a threshold concentration of naltrindole (10 nM) shifted the concentration-response curve to HTF-919 to the left by 70-fold. A combination of 10 nM naltrindole with threshold concentrations of the 5-HT4 agonists caused significant increases in the velocity of propulsion (50 +/- 7 to 77 +/- 8%). We conclude that 5-HT4 agonists and opioid delta-receptor antagonists act synergistically to facilitate propulsive activity in isolated colonic segments.