gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear piezoelectric behavior of ceramic bending mode actuators under strong electric fields (1999)

The nonlinear electromechanical behavior of cantilevered piezoelectric ceramic bimorph, unimorph, and reduced and internally biased oxide wafer actuators is studied in a wide electric field and frequency range. It is found that under quasistatic condition, linear relationships between actuator tip displacement-electric field, and blocking force-electric field are only valid under weak field driving. With increasing the driving field, electromechanical nonlinearity begins to contribute significantly to the actuator performance because of ferroelectric hysteresis behavior associated with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-type ceramic materials. The bending resonance frequencies of all these actuators vary with the magnitude of the electric field. The decrease of resonance frequency with electric field is explained by the increase of elastic compliance of PZT ceramic due to elastic nonlinearity. Mechanical quality factors of the actuators also depend on the magnitude of electric field strength. No significant temperature increase is observed when actuators are driven near resonance frequency under high electric field.
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustophoresis: now and beyond (2012)

On-chip manipulation of micro-objects has long been sought to facilitate fundamental biological studies and point-of-care diagnostic systems. In recent years, research on surface acoustic wave (SAW) based micro-object manipulation (i.e., SAW acoustophoresis) has gained significant momentum due to its many advantages, such as non-invasiveness, versatility, simple fabrication, easy operation, and convenient integration with other on-chip units. SAW acoustophoresis is especially useful for lab-on-a-chip applications where a compact and non-invasive biomanipulation technique is highly desired. In this Focus article, we discuss recent advancements in SAW acoustophoresis and provide some perspectives on the future development of this dynamic field.
Complement activation in platelet concentrates is surface-dependent and modulated by the platelets. (1994)

Activation of platelets during storage may contribute to the loss of function and viability known as the platelet storage lesion. We investigated the role of complement activation as a possible mediator of the platelet storage lesion. We studied platelet bags stored up to 5 days under standard blood bank conditions and monitored the generation of several complement activation fragments from both the classical and alternative pathways. To assess the role of noncellular artificial surfaces in the activation of complement, parallel bags were prepared containing platelet-poor plasma. The levels of C4d and C3a increased steadily over time in storage, as did the level of the inactivated membrane attack complex SC5b-9. Generation of C4d, C5a, and SC5b-9 was greater in the absence of platelets than when platelets were present in the container. C5a levels in both groups were low and remained so during storage, suggesting that the C5a generated became surface associated. Using flow cytometry we detected C3 and C3a, but not C9, on the platelet surface. The percentage of C3-positive platelets peaked at the third day of storage; by day five platelet-associated C3 had declined. Decay accelerating factor expression on the platelet surface increased with time in storage and in parallel with CD63 expression. Based on the C4d levels, complement activation proceeded via the classical pathway; minimal generation of the alternative pathway activation fragment. Bb was seen in either the presence or absence of platelets. As an indirect measure of the activation of C1, the functional level of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) was determined. C1INH levels declined over time in storage in bags containing only plasma; however, in the presence of platelets, the levels remained constant presumably because of release of C1INH from the alpha-granules of activated platelets.
Expression and localisation of extracellular matrix degrading proteases and their inhibitors during the oestrous cycle and after induced luteolysis in the bovine corpus luteum (2007)

The corpus luteum (CL) offers the opportunity to study high proliferative processes during its development and degradation processes during its regression. We examined the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, MMP-19, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA-receptor (uPAR), PA-inhibitors (PAI)-1, PAI-2 in follicles 20 h after GnRH application, CLs during days 1-2, 3-4, 5-7 and 8-12 of the oestrous cycle as well as after induced luteolysis. Cows in the mid-luteal phase were injected with Cloprostenol and the CLs were collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF2alpha injection. Real-time RT-PCR determined mRNA expressions. Expression from 20 h after GnRH to day 12: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-14 and tPA showed a clear expression, but no regulation. TIMP-1 and uPAR mRNA increased when compared with the follicular phase. TIMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-19 and uPA increased from the follicular phase to days 8-12. PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression increased from days 1-7 and decreased to days 8-12. Induced luteolysis: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, MMP-19 and TIMP-1 all increased at different time points and intensities, whereas TIMP-2 was constantly decreased from 24 to 64 h. The plasminogen activator system and their inhibitors were up-regulated from 2 to 64 h, tPA was already increased after 0.5 h. Immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-14: an increased staining for MMP-1 and MMP-14 was seen in large luteal cells beginning 24 h after PGF2alpha application. MMP-2 showed a strong increase in staining in endothelial cells at 48 h.
The endothelial cell binding determinant of human factor IX resides in the .gamma.-carboxyglutamic acid domain (1992)

The blood coagulation factor IX(a) binds specifically to a site on endothelial cells with a Kd of 2.0-3.0 nM. A number of previous studies have attempted to define the region(s) of factor IX(a) that mediate this interaction. These studies suggested that there are two regions of factor IX(a), the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain and the epidermal growth factor like (EGF-like) domains, that mediate high-affinity binding to endothelial cells. Recently, however, the participation of the EGF1 domain has been excluded from the interaction. This indicated that if there was an EGF component of factor IX contributing to the binding affinity, then it must be in the second EGF-like domain. In order to further evaluate this relationship, we performed competitive binding experiments between 125I plasma factor IX and a set of six chimeric proteins composed of portions of factor VII and factor IX. Our data suggest that the high-affinity interaction between factor IX and the endothelial cell binding site is mediated by the factor IX Gla domain and that the factor IX EGF domains are not involved in binding specificity.
Increased expression of osteopontin in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (2008)

Patients with osteopontin overexpression develop predominantly triple-negative tumours. Osteopontin overexpression is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis.
Preprocessing eo-1 hyperion hyperspectral data to support the application of agricultural indexes (2003)

The benefits of Hyperion hyperspectral data to agriculture have been studied at sites in the Coleambally Irrigation Area of Australia. Hyperion can provide effective measures of agricultural performance through the use of established spectral indexes if systematic and random noise is managed. The noise management strategy includes recognition of "bad" pixels, reducing the effects of vertical striping, and compensation for atmospheric effects in the data. It also aims to reduce compounding of these effects by image processing. As the noise structure is different for Hyperion's two spectrometers, noise reduction methods are best applied to each separately. Results show that a local destriping algorithm reduces striping noise without introducing unwanted effects in the image. They also show how data smoothing can clean the data and how careful selection of stable Hyperion bands can minimize residual atmospheric effects following atmospheric correction. Comparing hyperspectral indexes derived from Hyperion with the same indexes derived from ground-measured spectra allowed us to assess some of these impacts on the preprocessing options. It has been concluded that preprocessing, which includes fixing bad and outlier pixels, local destriping, atmospheric correction, and minimum noise fraction smoothing, provides improved results. If these or equivalent preprocessing steps are followed, it is feasible to develop a consistent and standardized time series of data that is compatible with field-scale and airborne measured indexes. Red-edge and leaf chlorophyll indexes based on the preprocessed data are shown to distinguish different levels of stress induced by water restrictions.
Bi-functional IgG-lysosomal enzyme fusion proteins for brain drug delivery (2019)

Most lysosomal storage disorders affect the central nervous system. However, lysosomal enzymes do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and intravenous enzyme infusion is not effective for the brain. Lysosomal enzymes can be re-engineered for BBB transport as IgG-enzyme fusion proteins, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against an endogenous BBB receptor/transporter, and which acts as a molecular Trojan horse to deliver the enzyme to brain. However, the problem is retention of high enzyme activity following enzyme fusion to the IgG. The present investigation shows this is possible with a versatile approach that employs fusion of the enzyme to either the IgG heavy chain or light chain using a long flexible linker. The model IgG is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The enzyme activity of the HIRMAb-enzyme fusion protein is preserved for hexosaminidase A, which is mutated in Tay Sachs disease, for protein palmitoylthioesterase-1, which is mutated in Batten disease type 1, acid sphingomyelinase, which is mutated in Niemann Pick disease type A, and beta galactosidase-1, which is mutated in GM1 gangliosidosis.
Negative regulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha gene by thyroid hormone: receptor interaction adjacent to the TATA box. (1989)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha and beta subunit genes are negatively regulated by thyroid hormone at the transcriptional level. Transient gene expression studies were used to demonstrate that the erbA beta form of the thyroid hormone receptor mediates negative regulation of the alpha-subunit promoter in a hormone-dependent manner. In JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, which are deficient in thyroid hormone receptors, coexpression of erbA beta with alpha CAT reporter genes markedly suppressed alpha CAT expression after treatment with thyroid hormone, whereas a reporter gene containing a known positive thyroid response element was induced. Thus, a single form of thyroid hormone receptor mediates both positive and negative responses to thyroid hormone in this system. Transient expression analyses of alpha gene 5' flanking sequence deletion mutants localized the negative thyroid response element to the proximal region of the promoter between -100 and +4 base pairs. The location of the negative thyroid response element in the alpha gene is therefore distinct from that of previously identified regulatory elements including the tissue-specific upstream regulatory elements, the cAMP response elements, and the glucocorticoid response elements. Overlapping segments of the alpha promoter were examined for potential thyroid hormone receptor binding sites by using gel shift assays and biotinylated DNA-binding studies. A specific thyroid hormone receptor binding site was identified between -22 and -7 base pairs, which is immediately downstream from the TATA box. This region of the alpha promoter interacts with erbA beta receptor synthesized in vitro as well as with endogenous nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, and it competes for receptor binding to a known positive thyroid response element. These studies suggest a mechanism for negative regulation in which the thyroid hormone receptor interacts with the alpha gene promoter immediately downstream of the TATA box to inhibit transcription.
Surgical Decompression of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions (1988)

Many patients with branch retinal vein occlusions can develop significant long-term diminution of vision due to such complications as macular edema, retinal neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage. One of us (S.C.) developed a new surgical procedure that involves sectioning or decompression of the common sheath connecting the artery and vein at the crossing where a branch retinal vein occlusion occurs. The patient whose case we report had a visual acuity improvement from 20/200-2 to 20/25+1 eight months after surgery.
Changes in Fine Structure of Nylon 6 Gut Yarns in Twisting, Annealing and Untwisting Processes (1979)

The changes in fine structure of Nylon 6 gut yarns by twisting, annealing and untwisting were studied on the term, simulating the false textured yarn process. Wide and small angle X ray diffraction methods and electron microscopic technique were used to make clear the results of the researches.
Politeness in Social Networks: Using Verbal Behaviors to Assess Socially-Accorded Regard (2010)

Social Network Analysis has proven itself useful at defining interaction paths within a network of individuals and of deriving useful information from the presence and frequency with which they are used. Thus, we can know who talks to whom and how frequently-but “traditional” social network analysis techniques are blind to other aspects of how individuals within such networks relate. We propose the use of politeness behaviors as a means of inferring relationships among members of a social network with comparatively simple linguistic analysis techniques. We report preliminary work adapting a computational implementation of Brown and Levinson's politeness model to deriving “regard networks” from social interaction data.
Hypoxic enhancement of exosome release by breast cancer cells (2012)

These data provide evidence that hypoxia promotes the release of exosomes by breast cancer cells, and that this hypoxic response may be mediated by HIF-1α. Given an emerging role for tumour cell-derived exosomes in tumour progression, this has significant implications for understanding the hypoxic tumour phenotype, whereby hypoxic cancer cells may release more exosomes into their microenvironment to promote their own survival and invasion.
Role of the Phytotoxin Coronatine in the Infection ofAmbidopsis thalianabyPseudomonas syringaepv.tomato (1995)

The role of the phytotoxin coronatine in the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana was evaluated by comparing symptom development, in planta bacterial multiplication, and the induction of defense-related genes in Arabidopsis plants inoculated with the coronatine-producing (Cor+) P. s. pv. tomato strain DC3000 and the coronatine-defective (Cor-) strain DC3661 by either infiltration or dipping methods. The Cor+ strain, P. s. pv. tomato DC3000, caused severe disease symptoms and multiplied by 4-6 logs after inoculation by either infiltration or dipping. P. s. pv. tomato DC3661 failed to produce any disease symptoms and multiplied by only 1-1.5 logs in dipped plants, whereas it caused mild symptoms and multiplied 6 logs over the 4-day experimental period in plants inoculated by infiltration. Parallel experiments using a natural host, tomato, yielded similar results. Analysis of the accumulation of mRNAs encoded by several distinct defense-related genes in Arabidopsis leaves infiltrated with either DC3000 or DC3661 demonstrated that the Cor- strain consistently induced higher levels of these transcripts. These results demonstrate that coronatine production is required under more natural inoculation conditions for the successful infection of Arabidopsis by DC3000, and that coronatine may play a critical role during the early stages of infection by suppressing the activation of defense-related genes.
The lethal phenotype caused by null mutations in the Escherichia coli htrB gene is suppressed by mutations in the accBC operon, encoding two subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (1992)

Insertion mutations in the Escherichia coli htrB gene result in the unique phenotype of not affecting growth at temperatures below 32.5 degrees C but leading to a loss of viability at temperatures above this in rich media. When htrB bacteria growing in rich media were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature of 42 degrees C, they continued to grow at a rate similar to that at 30 degrees C but they produced phospholipids at the rate required for growth at 42 degrees C. This led to the accumulation of more than twice as much phospholipid per milligram of protein compared with that in wild-type bacteria. Consistent with HtrB playing a role in phospholipid biosynthesis, one complementation group of spontaneously arising mutations that suppressed htrB-induced lethality were mapped to the accBC operon. This operon codes for the biotin carboxyl carrier protein and biotin carboxylase subunits of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme complex, which catalyzes the first step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Four suppressor mutations mapped to this operon. Two alleles were identified as mutations in the accC gene, the third allele was identified as a mutation in the accB gene, and the fourth allele was shown to be an insertion of an IS1 transposable element in the promoter region of the operon, resulting in reduced transcription. The suppressor mutations caused a decrease in the rate of phospholipid biosynthesis, restoring the balance between the biosynthesis of phospholipids and growth rate, thus enabling htrB bacteria to grow at high temperatures.
Network Coded TCP (CTCP) (2012)

We introduce CTCP, a reliable transport protocol using network coding. CTCP is designed to incorporate TCP features such as congestion control, reliability, and fairness while significantly improving on TCP's performance in lossy, interference-limited and/or dynamic networks. A key advantage of adopting a transport layer over a link layer approach is that it provides backward compatibility with wireless equipment installed throughout existing networks. We present a portable userspace implementation of CTCP and extensively evaluate its performance in both testbed and production wireless networks.
5-Hydroxytryptophan as adjuvant therapy in treatment of moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind randomized trial with placebo control (2020)

On the basis of numerous previous studies, the serotonergic system plays a role in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and effective agents in this pathway, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan, can potentially contribute to treatment of patients with this disorder. Evaluating the efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptophan in treating OCD was the aim of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial. In a 12-week, randomized double-blind study, 60 patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis of moderate to severe OCD and a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score of >21 were randomly assigned to receive either fluoxetine plus placebo or fluoxetine plus 5-hydroxytryptophan (100 mg twice daily). All patients, regardless of their treatment group, received fluoxetine at 20 mg/day for the initial 4 weeks of the study followed by 60 mg/day of fluoxetine for the rest of the trial course. Symptoms were assessed using the Y-BOCS at baseline and weeks 4, 8 and 12. General linear model repeated measure showed significant effects for time × treatment interaction on total Y-BOCS (F = 12.07, df = 2.29, P-value <0.001), obsession (F = 8.25, df = 1.91, P-value = 0.001) and compulsion subscale scores (F = 6.64, df = 2.01, P-value = 0.002). 5-Hydroxytryptophan augmentation therapy demonstrated higher partial and complete treatment response rate (P = 0.032 and P = 0.001, respectively) according to the Y-BOCS total scores. The results of this study confirm that 5-hydroxytryptophan may be effective as an augmentative agent in treatment of moderate-to-severe OCD.
Identification of critical regions in mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by scanning-deletion analysis. (1989)

Structure-function relationships for mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were examined by generating a series of small deletions scanning the entire length of the molecule. Deletions of three amino acids were introduced at intervals of five amino acids by site-directed mutagenesis of the mature mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. The mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for biological activity. This procedure identified four regions critical to activity. These critical regions were further delineated by additional three-amino acid deletion mutants. Larger deletions at each terminus were also made, as well as changes of specific amino acid residues. The four critical regions span amino acid residues 18-22, 34-41, 52-61, and 94-115. The disulfide bridge between Cys-51 and Cys-93 was also shown to be essential for activity, whereas that between Cys-85 and Cys-118 could be removed without loss of activity. The possible structural and/or functional roles of the critical regions are discussed.
Novel pathways for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: focus on bile acid modulation (2008)

Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder with high risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. These complications are largely driven by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, for which aggressive treatment is thus warranted. Achieving and maintaining control of all three risk factors is especially difficult, however, and new therapeutic approaches could be useful. Bile acids have a well-established and important role in cholesterol homeostasis. Normally, their levels are maintained primarily by ileal reabsorption and enterohepatic recycling. Bile acid sequestrants bind bile acids in the intestine, reduce this recycling and deplete the bile acid pool, thereby stimulating use of hepatic cholesterol for bile acid synthesis, which leads to accelerated removal of LDL from the plasma and a decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that bile acid sequestrants can lower glucose levels to a clinically meaningful degree. This review presents this evidence and the possible mechanisms by which these glucose-lowering effects occur and discusses the apparently unique ability of bile acid sequestrants among lipid-lowering agents to significantly improve two cardiovascular risk factors, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. There is renewed interest in the use of bile acid sequestrants in individuals with type 2 diabetes, most of whom would benefit from additional reductions in both LDL-cholesterol and glycaemia.
The Application of NAVSTAR Differential GPS in the Civilian Community* (1982)

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), currently being developed for the Department of Defense, is a space based navigation system that will provide the user with precise position, velocity and time information on a 24-hour basis and in all weather conditions at any point on the globe. The potential unauthorized use of this source of very precise navigation information has prompted the DoD to intentionally contaminate the signals and to provide only authorized users with the necessary information to recover the original signals. The high probability of the implementation of these techniques, known as Selective Availability, indicated the need for a variation of the baseline GPS, so as to allow for an assured, uninterrupted level of accuracy, if the system was to be used effectively in the civilian sector. Differential GPS provides such a capability.