gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pistachio nut hypersensitivity: identification of pistachio nut allergens (1993)

Type I hypersensitivity to pistachio nut antigens was demonstrated in three patients by means of immediate skin-test reactivity, specific IgE determination by a fluoroimmunoassay (CAP), CAP-inhibition and leucocyte histamine release. Sensitization to other dried fruits and pollens was observed in the patients. The CAP-inhibition studies revealed significant crossreactivity between pistachio and cashew nut belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, and between pistachio nut and other dried fruits belonging to taxonomically unrelated botanical families. No relevant crossallergenicity was observed between pistachio nut and Lolium and Olea pollens. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a pistachio nut extract followed by immunoblotting analysis identified four IgE-binding bands with molecular weights of 34, 41, 52 and 60 kD.
Acute myeloid leukemia is associated with retroviral gene transfer to hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rhesus macaque (2006)

We report, for the first time, a replication-defective retroviral vector-associated neoplasia in a nonhuman primate. Five years after transplantation with CD34+ cells transduced with a retroviral vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and a drug-resistant variant of the dihydrofolate reductase gene (L22Y), a rhesus macaque developed a fatal myeloid sarcoma, a type of acute myeloid leukemia. Tumor cells contained 2 clonal vector insertions. One insertion was found in BCL2-A1, an antiapoptotic gene. This event suggests that currently available retroviral vectors may have long-term side effects, particularly in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Design and validation of a multiplexed low coherence interferometry instrument for in vivo clinical measurement of microbicide gel thickness distribution (2011)

We present a multiplexed, Fourier-domain low coherence interferometry (mLCI) instrument for in vivo measurement of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution over the surface of the vaginal epithelium. The mLCI instrument uses multiple delivery fibers to acquire depth resolved reflection profiles across large scanned tissue areas. Here mLCI has been adapted into an endoscopic system with a custom imaging module for simultaneous, co-registered measurements with fluorimetric scans of the same surface. The resolution, optical signal-to-noise, and cross-talk of the mLCI instrument are characterized to evaluate performance. Validation measurements of gel thickness are made using a calibration socket. Initial results from a clinical study are presented to show the in vivo capability of the dual-modality system for assessing the distribution of microbicide gel vehicles in the lower human female reproductive tract.
MPL® Immunostimulant: Adjuvant Formulations (2003)

Interest in new methods of potentiating the immune response against vaccine antigens has increased considerably over the past decade. In part, this interest is in response to vaccine initiatives that have established aggressive goals for improving existing vaccines and for developing much-needed new vaccines. Many of the candidate vaccine antigens being developed as part of this effort are synthetic or recombinant subunit structures that are often poorly immunogenic and as such, are unable to elicit protective immune responses in the absence of an adjuvant. Fortunately, our understanding of disease pathogenesis and the immunological mechanisms of protection have increased considerably over the past few years, thus providing an improved rational basis for the development of new adjuvants.
Mechanisms of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle (1984)

Since the discovery of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport by SR a little over two decades ago, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the kinetic mechanism of Ca2+ transport and ATP hydrolysis and the role of phosphorylated enzyme intermediates in the energetics of active ion transport. Significant information has accumulated on the structure and composition of the SR membrane, on the primary amino acid sequence of the Ca2+-pump protein, and on the adaptive changes in the Ca2+-transport function during embryonic development and muscle activity. The discovery of the charge movement as a step in EC coupling and the use of novel optical probes for analyzing potential and calcium transients in living muscle changed the enigma of EC coupling into a well-defined problem that is clearly open to rational solutions. Studies on the structure, composition, and function of the isolated components of the T-SR system have just begun. The effectiveness of this approach will depend on successful maintenance of the functionally intact structure of the T-SR junction during the disruption of the muscle, which is required for the isolation of pure membrane elements. Reconstitution of a functionally competent junctional complex from isolated components is the ultimate aim of these studies, but the path toward that goal is so difficult that much of the mechanism of EC coupling may be solved by electrophysiologists, before reconstitution is achieved. The avalanche of information on Ca2+ releases induced by various agents under diverse and sometimes ill-defined conditions led to formulation of a series of hypothetical mechanisms. Of these, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release promises to be an important element of the physiological Ca2+-release process, but few of the other proposed mechanisms can be eliminated from consideration at this stage. The impressive progress of the last few years has left several fundamental problems largely unsolved. Among these are the physical mode of translocation of Ca2+ across the membrane and the molecular mechanism of the coupling of Ca2+ transport to ATP hydrolysis; the regulation of the concentration of the Ca2+-pump protein and calcium in the SR of fast and slow skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles; the gating mechanisms that regulate the graded release of calcium from the SR and the composition and biochemical characterization of the triad; the role of SR membrane potential in the regulation of Ca2+ fluxes in vivo; the permeability of SR membranes in living muscle; the functional significance of protein-protein interactions in the SR with respect to Ca2+ transport and permeability control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Identification and characterization of human cardiolipin synthase (2006)

The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin is synthesized from cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, a process catalyzed by the enzyme cardiolipin synthase. In this study, we identified a human candidate gene/cDNA for cardiolipin synthase, C20orf155. Expression of this candidate cDNA in the (cardiolipin synthase-deficient) crd1Delta yeast confirmed that it indeed encodes human cardiolipin synthase. Purified mitochondria of the crd1Delta expressing human cardiolipin synthase were used to characterize the enzyme. It has an alkaline pH optimum, requires divalent cations for activity and appears to have a different substrate preference for cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol species when compared to phosphatidylglycerol species. The possible implications for CL synthesis and remodeling are discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE ISOENZYMES OF THE HUMAN PROSTATE (2001)

Our results demonstrate the presence and functional relevance of PDE isoenzymes 4 and 5 in human prostatic tissue. These studies support the possible use of inhibitors of PDE 4 and 5 for treating urinary obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Mechanical properties of model atherosclerotic lesion lipid pools. (1994)

Structural analysis of atherosclerotic coronary arteries has suggested that stress concentrations are associated with plaque rupture and that these stress concentrations are critically dependent on the geometry and mechanical properties of the fibrous cap and lipid pool. Recent clinical trials of lipid-lowering therapy have shown a significant reduction in cardiac events associated with plaque rupture perhaps because of the changing composition of subintimal lipid pools. To test the hypothesis that changes in lipid composition can change the mechanical properties of lipid pools, we measured the dynamic shear moduli of combinations of cholesterol monohydrate crystals, phospholipids, and triglycerides similar to those found in atherosclerotic lesions. Increasing the cholesterol monohydrate concentration from 0% to 50% increased the real component of the dynamic shear modulus (storage modulus or stiffness) by 4.5 times at a frequency of 1 Hz (P < .001). All specimens demonstrated an increase in stiffness with increasing frequencies of stress ranging from 0.1 to 3 Hz. We conclude that the stiffness of model atherosclerotic plaque lipid pools is related to the concentration of cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Because the relative concentration of cholesterol monohydrate increases during early regression of experimental atherosclerosis, the resultant stiffening of the lipid pool may reduce stresses in plaque caps. However, the magnitude of the contribution of changing lipid stiffness to the reduction of cardiac events seen in clinical studies is unclear.
Deficiency of an erythrocyte membrane protein with complement regulatory activity in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. (1983)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia in which the erythrocytes are abnormally sensitive to lysis by complement. A functional deficiency of membrane-associated complement regulators has been demonstrated on PNH erythrocytes. The two factor H-like proteins, the C3b receptor (CR1) and the decay-accelerating factor (DAF), were isolated from normal human erythrocytes, and specific antisera were prepared. Selective inhibition of the two proteins on normal erythrocytes by the antisera demonstrated (i) that the factor responsible for accelerated decay of erythrocyte-bound C3 convertase is DAF and (ii) that the cofactor required for inactivation of erythrocyte-bound C3b by factor I is CR1. PNH erythrocytes were deficient in both of these activities. Erythrocytes deficient in CR1, which were obtained from an apparently healthy individual, exhibited normal DAF activity but no factor I cofactor activity. These cells were not susceptible to complement-mediated lysis in acidified human serum, whereas PNH erythrocytes and Pronase-treated human erythrocytes (which lack DAF and CR1 activities) were lysed by this treatment. It is suggested that the protein primarily responsible for preventing complement activation on normal human erythrocytes is DAF. AMr 73,000 protein isolated from the normal erythrocyte membranes of one PNH patient by using anti-DAF IgG was largely absent from the abnormal erythrocytes of this individual, suggesting that PNH cells lack the DAF protein. CR1 antigen, however, was present on the abnormal PNH erythrocytes. The results suggest that the primary molecular defect underlying the clinical manifestations of PNH may be the lack of the membrane-associated DAF protein and that the abnormal cells may also exhibit impaired CR1 function.
Glycemic Modulation of Insulin/IGF-1 Mediated Skeletal Muscle Blood Following Sympathetic Denervation in Normal Rats (1999)

Both insulin and IGF-1 decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow in skeletal muscle, and it has been suggested that the mechanistic action for insulin may be by increasing autonomic vasodilatory activity. In this study we evaluated the effects of insulin and IGF-1 on blood flow to denervated and non-denervated skeletal muscle as part of a continuing investigation into the mechanism of regulation of cardiovascular responses by these hormones. Normal rats were prepared for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and vascular flow in the left and right iliac artery. Resection of the left lumbar sympathetic chain increased flow (expressed as conductance, flow/MAP) in the denervated left iliac but not in the intact right artery. Subsequent insulin infusion where hypoglycemia was allowed to occur increased conductance in both arteries, but more so in the denervated artery. Similarly, IGF-1 infusion increased conductances in both intact and denervated iliac arteries, and the effect was slightly greater in the denervated artery. Insulin infusion when euglycemia was maintained increased conductance to a similar extent in denervated and intact iliac arteries. Contrastingly, IGF-1 infusion under euglycemic conditions resulted in a much greater increased conductance in the intact iliac. We conclude that both insulin and IGF-1 increase conductance directly and that glycemic status and sympathetic nerve activity modulate these responses. The insulin-induced increase in conductance in the denervated limb under hypoglycemic conditions suggest that hypoglycemic-stimulated epinephrine release may enhance the dilatory response. while the greater response to IGF-1 in the intact vessel under euglycemic conditions may be due to IGF-1 capacity to decrease sympathetic activity leading to an enhanced conductance.
Adrenaline: Pinpointing and reining in tail queries with quick voltage boosting (2015)

Reducing the long tail of the query latency distribution in modern warehouse scale computers is critical for improving performance and quality of service of workloads such as Web Search and Memcached. Traditional turbo boost increases a processor's voltage and frequency during a coarse-grain sliding window, boosting all queries that are processed during that window. However, the inability of such a technique to pinpoint tail queries for boosting limits its tail reduction benefit. In this work, we propose Adrenaline, an approach to leverage finer granularity, 10's of nanoseconds, voltage boosting to effectively rein in the tail latency with query-level precision. Two key insights underlie this work. First, emerging finer granularity voltage/frequency boosting is an enabling mechanism for intelligent allocation of the power budget to precisely boost only the queries that contribute to the tail latency; and second, per-query characteristics can be used to design indicators for proactively pinpointing these queries, triggering boosting accordingly. Based on these insights, Adrenaline effectively pinpoints and boosts queries that are likely to increase the tail distribution and can reap more benefit from the voltage/frequency boost. By evaluating under various workload configurations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology. We achieve up to a 2.50x tail latency improvement for Memcached and up to a 3.03x for Web Search over coarse-grained DVFS given a fixed boosting power budget. When optimizing for energy reduction, Adrenaline achieves up to a 1.81x improvement for Memcached and up to a 1.99x for Web Search over coarse-grained DVFS.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women with Proliferative Breast Disease (1985)

To assess the importance of various risk factors for breast cancer in women with benign proliferative breast lesions, we reevaluated 10,366 consecutive breast biopsies performed in women who had presented at three Nashville hospitals. The median duration of follow-up was 17 years for 3303 women, 1925 of whom had proliferative disease. This sample contained 84.4 per cent of the patients originally selected for follow-up. Women having proliferative disease without atypical hyperplasia had a risk of cancer that was 1.9 times the risk in women with nonproliferative lesions (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.9). The risk in women with atypical hyperplasia (atypia) was 5.3 times that in women with nonproliferative lesions (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.8). A family history of breast cancer had little effect on the risk in women with nonproliferative lesions. However, the risk in women with atypia and a family history of breast cancer was 11 times that in women who had nonproliferative lesions without a family history (95 per cent confidence interval, 5.5 to 24). Calcification elevated the cancer risk in patients with proliferative disease. Although cysts alone did not substantially elevate the risk, women with both cysts and a family history of breast cancer had a risk 2.7 times higher than that for women without either of these risk factors (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.6). This study demonstrates that the majority of women (70 per cent) who undergo breast biopsy for benign disease are not at increased risk of cancer. However, patients with a clinically meaningful elevation in cancer risk can be identified on the basis of atypical hyperplasia and a family history of breast cancer.
Molecular cloning, primary structure, and expression of the human platelet/erythroleukemia cell 12-lipoxygenase. (1990)

The major pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets proceeds via a 12-lipoxygenase enzyme; however, the biological role of the product of this reaction, 12-hydro(pero)xyeicosatetraenoic acid [12-H(P)ETE], is unknown. Using a combination of the polymerase chain reaction and conventional screening procedures, we have isolated cDNA clones encoding the human platelet/human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell 12-lipoxygenase. From the deduced primary structure, human platelet/HEL 12-lipoxygenase would encode a Mr 75,000 protein consisting of 663 amino acids. The cDNA encoding the full-length protein (pCDNA-121x) under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter was expressed in simian COS-M6 cells. Intact cells and lysed-cell supernatants were able to synthesize 12-H(P)ETE from arachidonic acid, whereas no 12-H(P)ETE synthesis was detected in mock-transfected cells. A single 2.4-kilobase mRNA was detected in erythroleukemia cells but not in several other tissues and cell lines evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Comparison of the human platelet/HEL 12-lipoxygenase sequence with that of porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase and human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase revealed 65% amino acid identity to both enzymes. By contrast, the leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase is 86% identical to human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase. Sequence data and previously demonstrated immunochemical and biochemical evidence support the existence of distinct 12-lipoxygenase isoforms. The availability of cDNA probes for human platelet/HEL cell 12-lipoxygenase should facilitate elucidation of the biological role of this pathway.
Human osteoblasts support human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro bone marrow cultures (1996)

Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation occurs in direct proximity to osteoblasts within the bone marrow cavity. Despite this striking affiliation, surprisingly little is known about the precise cellular and molecular impact of osteoblasts on the bone marrow microenvironment. Recently, we showed that human osteoblasts produce a variety of cytokine mRNAs including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-6. We examined here the ability of osteoblasts to support the development of hematopoietic colonies from progenitors as well the ability to maintain long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) in vitro. Examination of the hematopoietic cells recovered after 2 weeks of culture showed that osteoblasts support the maintenance of immature hematopoietic phenotypes. In methylcellulose assays, osteoblasts stimulate the development of hematopoietic colonies to a level at least 10-fold over controls from progenitor cells. Using limiting dilutional bone marrow cultures, we observed an activity produced by osteoblasts resulting in an threefold to fourfold expansion of human LTC-IC and progenitor cells in vitro. Thus, the presence of hematopoietic stem cells in close proximity to endosteal surfaces in vivo may be due in part to a requirement for osteoblast-derived products.
Light-pipe-based optical train and its applications (2004)

Traditional projection engine designs are mostly based on propagation of light through standard components, such as, dichroic filters, lenses, polarization beam splitters, prisms, etc. These components are usually held individually using optical mounts and assembled together on an optical bench such that all the components are aligned properly. Even in high volume production environment, it tends to be tedious and expensive. With the advancement of light pipe based illumination system, e.g. the Wavien patented dual paraboloid reflector system, and light-pipe based polarization recovery system, it would be advantage to design a light-pipe based projection engine for a complete light-pipe based system for low cost and space saving applications. Except the projection lens, a totally light-pipe based projection engine is described. It consists of an etendue efficiency illumination system using the dual paraboloid reflector system with a lensed tapered light pipe at the output. The output is then directed into a light-pipe based polarization recovery system such that the output is polarized. The polarized light is then separated into its individual RGB colors, and is directed into the corresponding HTPS imager chips separately by the use of light pipes, prism, and beam splitters. The outputs from the imager chips are then recombined by an X-cube and projected onto the screen. A design has also been made for LCOS imagers. The folding and unfolding properties of the light pipe are used in this case resulting in a more compact projection engine. This light-pipe based system uses low cost optical components and takes up much less space than the traditional projection system.
The Relationship Between Control Systems and Conflict Resolution in US-Japanese Joint Ventures (1992)

Master of Arts (MA)
A Droplet‐Based, Composite PDMS/Glass Capillary Microfluidic System for Evaluating Protein Crystallization Conditions by Microbatch and Vapor‐Diffusion Methods with On‐Chip X‐Ray Diffraction (2004)

On-chip protein crystallization and diffraction: Proteins can be crystallized in nanoliter volumes by using both microbatch and vapor-diffusion techniques inside composite PDMS/glass microfluidic devices (PDMS=polydimethylsiloxane). The quality of crystals can be assessed directly by on-chip X-ray diffraction (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53974_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.