gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a novel bioartificial liver in a patient with acute liver insufficiency. (1993)

We have developed a bioartificial liver support system (BAL) using porcine hepatocytes attached to microcarriers and placed on the outer surface of hollow fibers. The BAL system was attached to a plasmapheresis device that was then used to treat the plasma of a patient with acute liver failure. Our aim was to test the efficacy and safety of this system after a single short treatment period. A patient with alcohol-induced, severe, acute liver failure manifested by coagulopathy, rising plasma ammonia level, and deteriorating mental status was studied. The procedure was well tolerated by the patient, who remained hemodynamically stable throughout the treatment period. A marked increase in coagulation factor V, VII, VIII, and IX activities, a decrease in serum ammonia level (120 to 32 mumol/L), a twofold increase in all serum amino acids except for aminobutyric acid, and an improvement in mental status were noted after a 6-hour treatment period. This preliminary report of the first use of this novel BAL system in conjunction with plasmapheresis appears promising. A clinical study is now in progress to prove its efficacy.
Regio- and stereocontrolled synthesis of novel 3-sulfonamido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines from 2-(bromomethyl)- or 2-(sulfonyloxymethyl)aziridines (2008)

2-(Bromomethyl)-1-sulfonylaziridines were converted into novel 3-sulfonamido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines upon treatment with 2-aminothiophenol in THF in the presence of K2CO3. Starting from 3-substituted 2-(sulfonyloxymethyl)aziridines, a regio- and stereocontrolled synthesis of trans-2-phenyl- and trans-4-(phenyl or propyl)-3-sulfonamido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines was developed in good yields via two different reaction pathways, depending on the nature of the sulfonyloxy group.
Tanzania: Finally a Success Story? (2014)

Abstract The problem is set, and the questions are asked. Why did the Tanzania economy collapse in the 1980s? How did it manage to recover? What was the role of international aid in these developments? Is Tanzania, finally, a success story?
Controlled Scalable Synthesis of Uniform, High-Quality Monolayer and Few-layer MoS2 Films (2013)

Two dimensional (2D) materials with a monolayer of atoms represent an ultimate control of material dimension in the vertical direction. Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) monolayers, with a direct bandgap of 1.8 eV, offer an unprecedented prospect of miniaturizing semiconductor science and technology down to a truly atomic scale. Recent studies have indeed demonstrated the promise of 2D MoS2 in fields including field effect transistors, low power switches, optoelectronics, and spintronics. However, device development with 2D MoS2 has been delayed by the lack of capabilities to produce large-area, uniform, and high-quality MoS2 monolayers. Here we present a self-limiting approach that can grow high quality monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films over an area of centimeters with unprecedented uniformity and controllability. This approach is compatible with the standard fabrication process in semiconductor industry. It paves the way for the development of practical devices with 2D MoS2 and opens up new avenues for fundamental research.
Fast computation of the discrete cosine transform and the discrete Hartley transform (1987)

A new factorization of the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is presented. It is used to derive new algorithms for the DHT and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with reduced number of multiplications.
A GM-CSF and IL-4 Fusion Cytokine Triggers Conversion of B-Cells to Tumoricidal Effectors (2012)

Abstract Abstract 1048 We have previously demonstrated that coupling of GMCSF at the N-terminus of common γ-chain interleukins IL2, IL15 and IL21 leads to meaningful gain-of function activity in interleukin-responsive lymphomyeloid cells. Considering the physiological and immunological importance of IL4 that is a member of γ-chain interleukins, we tested the bioactivity of a novel fusion cytokine consisting of a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-4 (GIFT4). We observed that GIFT4 leads to a pan-STAT hyper-phosphorylation response in resting splenic B-cells distinct from IL4 only and that treated B-cells up-regulated expression of MHCI/II, CD80 and CD86, secreted IL-12, IL-1a, IL-6, and substantial amounts of CCL3 and GM-CSF, akin to recently described innate response activator (IRA) B-cells (Science 335, 597, 2012). In vivo delivery of recombinant GIFT4 protein to normal mice leads to homeostatic expansion of splenic B cells and plasma cells as well as humoral hyper-responsiveness to antigenic challenge. We further showed that B16F0 melanoma cells engineered to secrete GIFT4 are immune-rejected in a B-cell dependent manner. The clinical effect was abolished when B16F0-GIFT4 cells were implanted in B-cell deficient μMT, CD4−/−, CD8−/− or FcγR−/− mice consistent with a pivotal for B cells, their T-cell helper function and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity for the observed melanoma-specific therapeutic effect. Thus, GIFT4 defines a novel engineered cytokine that mediates endogenous expansion of B-cells with potent immune helper and antigen-specific effector function. We propose that GIFT4 protein could serve as a novel immunotherapeutic agent and defines a previously unrecognized potential of B-cells as tumoricidal effectors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Small-Molecule Targeting of Heat Shock Protein 90 Chaperone Function:  Rational Identification of a New Anticancer Lead (2006)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a significant target in the development of rational cancer therapy due to its role at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and cell viability. Here we present a combined structure- and dynamics-based computational design strategy, taking the flexibility of the receptor and of a lead peptidic antagonist into account explicitly, to identify the nonpeptidic small molecule 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) as a structurally novel inhibitor of Hsp90. The compound is selected to bind the Hsp90 N-terminal domain, mimicking the chemical and conformational properties of the recently described peptidic antagonist of the survivin-Hsp90 complex, shepherdin [Plescia et al. Cancer Cell 2005, 7, 457-468]. Experimental tests show that AICAR binds the Hsp90 N-domain, destabilizes multiple Hsp90 client proteins in vivo, including survivin, and exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in multiple tumor cell lines, while not affecting proliferation of normal human fibroblasts. We propose that AICAR represents a viable lead for further development of anticancer drugs with wide therapeutic opportunities.
Performance analysis of channel estimation for OFDM systems with residual timing offset (2006)

The authors present an analysis of the effect of timing offset on channel estimation for comb-type pilot-aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Residual timing offset does not negatively affect the channel estimation of the pilot subcarrier, but does corrupt the channel information obtained via interpolation. This paper provides the mean square error (MSE) channel estimation performance when a linear interpolation technique is used in a comb-type pilot-aided OFDM system. Analysis shows that the performance degradation of the channel estimator due to imperfect frame synchronization is dependent on the frequency correlation of the channels and the amount of timing offset
Controlling Amyloid β-Peptide Fibril Formation with Protease-stable Ligands (1997)

We have previously shown that short peptides incorporating the sequence KLVFF can bind to the approximately 40amino acid residue Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and disrupt amyloid fibril formation (Tjernberg, L. O., Näslund, J., Lindqvist, F., Johansson, J., Karlström, A. R., Thyberg, J., Terenius, L., and Nordstedt, C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 8545-8548). Here, it is shown that KLVFF binds stereospecifically to the homologous sequence in Abeta (i.e. Abeta16-20). Molecular modeling suggests that association of the two homologous sequences leads to the formation of an atypical anti-parallel beta-sheet structure stabilized primarily by interaction between the Lys, Leu, and COOH-terminal Phe. By screening combinatorial pentapeptide libraries exclusively composed of D-amino acids, several ligands with a general motif containing phenylalanine in the second position and leucine in the third position were identified. Ligands composed of D-amino acids were not only capable of binding Abeta but also prevented formation of amyloid-like fibrils. These ligands are protease-resistant and may thus be useful as experimental agents against amyloid fibril formation in vivo.
Antibody Based EpCAM Targeted Therapy of Cancer, Review and Update (2018)

Todays, after four decades from the discovery of monoclonal antibodies by Kohler and Milstein in 1975, a dozen of antibodies are used in cancer targeted therapy with different strategies. The success of these antibodies depends on the specificity of antigens expressed on the cancer cells. Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), a homophilic cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein is a well- known tumor antigen, which expresses on epithelial tumors and circulating tumor cells as well as cancer stem cells. The EpCAM signaling pathway is associated with proliferation, differentiation and adhesion of epithelial cancer cells. Here we review EpCAM structure, expression profile and its signaling pathway in cancer cells. In addition, we focused on structure, mechanism of action and success of anti EpCAM antibodies which have been used in different clinical trials. Based on literatures, Edrecolomab showed limited efficacy in the phase III studies. The wholly human monoclonal antibody Adecatumumab is dose- and target-dependent in metastatic breast cancer patients expressing EpCAM. The chimeric antibody, Catumaxomab, has been approved for the treatment of malignant ascites; however, this Mab showed considerable results in intrapleural administration in cancer patients. Anti EpCAM toxin conjugated antibodies like, Oportuzumab Monatox (scFv antibody and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA)), Citatuzumab Bogatox (Fab fragment with bouganin toxin) and immono-conjugate antibody Tucotuzumab (monoclonal antibody with IL2), have shown acceptable results in different clinical trials. Almost, all of the antibodies were well-tolerated; however, still more clinical trials are needed for the approval of antibodies for the treatment of specific tumors.
Determination of pterins in biological samples by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry with a dual-electrode detector (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of pterins in biological samples by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry with a dual-electrode detectorCraig E. Lunte and Peter T. KissingerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1458–1462Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00260a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser Radar Imager Based on 3D Integration of Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes with Two SOI Timing Circuit Layers (2006)

A 64 X 64 laser-radar (ladar) detector array with 50mum pixel size measures the arrival times of single photons using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (APD). A 3-tier structure with active devices on each tier is used with 227 transistors, six 3D vias and an APD in each pixel. A 9b pseudorandom counter in the pixel measures time. Initial imagery shows 2ns time quantization
The epidemiology of Sj&ouml;gren&rsquo;s syndrome (2014)

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands. It can present as an entity by itself, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), or in addition to another autoimmune disease, secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS). pSS has a strong female propensity and is more prevalent in Caucasian women, with the mean age of onset usually in the 4th to 5th decade. Clinical presentation varies from mild symptoms, such as classic sicca symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and xerostomia, to severe systemic symptoms, involving multiple organ systems. Furthermore, a range of autoantibodies can be present in Sjögren's syndrome (anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies, rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies), complicating the presentation. The heterogeneity of signs and symptoms has led to the development of multiple classification criteria. However, there is no accepted universal classification criterion for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. There are a limited number of studies that have been published on the epidemiology of Sjögren's syndrome, and the incidence and prevalence of the disease varies according to the classification criteria used. The data is further confounded by selection bias and misclassification bias, making it difficult for interpretation. The aim of this review is to understand the reported incidence and prevalence on pSS and sSS, the frequency of autoantibodies, and the risk of malignancy, which has been associated with pSS, taking into account the different classification criteria used.
RF Photonic Technology in Optical Fiber Links (2002)

In many applications, radio frequency (RF) signals need to be transmitted and processed without being digitalized. Optical fiber provides a transmission medium in which RF modulated optical carriers can be transmitted and distributed with very low loss, making it more efficient and less costly than conventional electronic systems. This volume presents a review of RF photonic components, transmission systems, and signal processing examples in optical fibers from leading academic, government, and industry scientists working in this field. It also introduces the reader to various related technologies such as direct modulation of laser sources, external modulation techniques, and detectors. The text is aimed at engineers and scientists engaged in the research and development of optical fibers and analog RF applications. With an emphasis on design, performance and practical application, this book will be of particular interest to those developing systems based on this technology.
Reliable Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network Using Novel Protection Scheme (2008)

A novel, reliable wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) with self-protection capability is proposed. By utilizing the routing characteristics of N x N arrayed waveguide grating, the proposed architecture can provide automatic protection against any fiber cut between central office and optical network unit (ONU). Compared with the conventional schemes, this scheme adopts colorless ONUs, thus leading to a decrease in the costs of operation, administration, and maintenance, as well as the production cost. Without the performance degradation, the proposed WDM-PON scheme can offer a reliable network service. In the experiment, the protection performance was demonstrated in the carrier-distributed 1.25-Gb/s WDM transmission over 20-km single-mode fiber.
Reaction of enaminonitriles with isocyanates. Synthesis of new 2‐oxo‐ and 6‐oxopyrimidines (1994)

Abstract The reaction of enaminonitriles 1 with aryl or benzyl isocyanates afforded C‐ 3–5 or N‐adducts 6–8 or a mixture of both depending on the substitution pattern of the considered enaminonitrile. The one‐step synthesis of 6‐oxopyrimidines 9–11 and 2‐oxopyrimidines 12–14 by cyclization of compounds 3–5 and 6–8 respectively is also described.
A comparison of protein crystal subunit sizes in Bacillus thuringiensis (1980)

We have employed gel electrophoresis to determine the number and size of the subunits present in the protein crystals from 16 strains of Baccillus thuringiensis. The calculated molecular weights (MW) fell into three major categories whose crystals exhibited the following protein banding patterns: type I, high MW only (140 000- 160 000); type II, both high MW and medium MW (60 000 and 150 000); and type III, low MW only (40 000 - 50 000). Interestingly, the type I and type II crystals were the expected bipyramidal diamonds whereas the type III crystals possessed a previously unreported tetrahedral shape.
Nanowire transistor arrays for mapping neural circuits in acute brain slices (2010)

Revealing the functional connectivity in natural neuronal networks is central to understanding circuits in the brain. Here, we show that silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (Si NWFET) arrays fabricated on transparent substrates can be reliably interfaced to acute brain slices. NWFET arrays were readily designed to record across a wide range of length scales, while the transparent device chips enabled imaging of individual cell bodies and identification of areas of healthy neurons at both upper and lower tissue surfaces. Simultaneous NWFET and patch clamp studies enabled unambiguous identification of action potential signals, with additional features detected at earlier times by the nanodevices. NWFET recording at different positions in the absence and presence of synaptic and ion-channel blockers enabled assignment of these features to presynaptic firing and postsynaptic depolarization from regions either close to somata or abundant in dendritic projections. In all cases, the NWFET signal amplitudes were from 0.3-3 mV. In contrast to conventional multielectrode array measurements, the small active surface of the NWFET devices, approximately 0.06 microm(2), provides highly localized multiplexed measurements of neuronal activities with demonstrated sub-millisecond temporal resolution and, significantly, better than 30 microm spatial resolution. In addition, multiplexed mapping with 2D NWFET arrays revealed spatially heterogeneous functional connectivity in the olfactory cortex with a resolution surpassing substantially previous electrical recording techniques. Our demonstration of simultaneous high temporal and spatial resolution recording, as well as mapping of functional connectivity, suggest that NWFETs can become a powerful platform for studying neural circuits in the brain.
UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS (2006)

In this project we will discuss a few promising physical and chemical technologies for the utilization and conversion of CO2 from a power plant into viable economic products. This task has been performed as part of a broader effort to appreciate the global concerns of increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and particularly the role of the recovery and utilization of CO2 from industry. This project will be used in part towards development of a solution for optimal CO2 utilization. Various existing and future utilization technologies were explored in this project for optimum CO2 utilization. The main areas of interest were microalgae biomass production (pond and bioreactor production), supercritical CO2 extraction technology, fixation of CO2 into organic compounds (production of various chemical products), and CO2 reforming of methane. The feasibility of these processes was evaluated according to their thermodynamics, energetics, production rates and yields, product values and economics. The value-added products that can be produced from these four main technologies are:
Mullerian inhibiting substance regulates its receptor/SMAD signaling and causes mesenchymal transition of the coelomic epithelial cells early in Mullerian duct regression (2006)

Examination of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) signaling in the rat in vivo and in vitro revealed novel developmental stage- and tissue-specific events that contributed to a window of MIS responsiveness in Müllerian duct regression. The MIS type II receptor (MISRII)-expressing cells are initially present in the coelomic epithelium of both male and female urogenital ridges, and then migrate into the mesenchyme surrounding the male Müllerian duct under the influence of MIS. Expression of the genes encoding MIS type I receptors, Alk2 and Alk3, is also spatiotemporally controlled; Alk2 expression appears earlier and increases predominantly in the coelomic epithelium, whereas Alk3 expression appears later and is restricted to the mesenchyme, suggesting sequential roles in Müllerian duct regression. MIS induces expression of Alk2, Alk3 and Smad8, but downregulates Smad5 in the urogenital ridge. Alk2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocks both the transition of MISRII expression from the coelomic epithelium to the mesenchyme and Müllerian duct regression in organ culture. Müllerian duct regression can also be inhibited or accelerated by siRNA targeting Smad8 and Smad5, respectively. Thus, the early action of MIS is to initiate an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of MISRII-expressing cells and to specify the components of the receptor/SMAD signaling pathway by differentially regulating their expression.
MicroRNAs in Cancer: Small Molecules With a Huge Impact (2009)

Every cellular process is likely to be regulated by microRNAs, and an aberrant microRNA expression signature is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer. MicroRNA expression profiling has indeed provided evidence of the association of these tiny molecules with tumor development and progression. An increasing number of studies have then demonstrated that microRNAs can function as potential oncogenes or oncosuppressor genes, depending on the cellular context and on the target genes they regulate. Here we review our current knowledge about the involvement of microRNAs in cancer and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
Expression of divIB of Bacillus subtilis during vegetative growth (1994)

Expression of the division initiation gene, divIB, of Bacillus subtilis vegetative growth was examined. lacZ fusion studies and transcription start point mapping have established that a sigma A promoter proximal to divIB is utilized in vivo. The -10 region of this promoter, which is located 93 bp upstream of the start codon, has been defined precisely by site-directed mutagenesis that destroys the promoter. Examination of transcripts by Northern (RNA) blotting has shown that there are at least two transcripts for divIB. The established proximal promoter was found to give rise to a very minor transcript which could not be convincingly demonstrated in wild-type cells but which became apparent upon insertion of a plasmid into the chromosome just upstream of this promoter. The major transcript for divIB originated from a site several kb upstream of the gene and is probably the same as the long polycistronic message also traversing the murD-spoVE-murG genes that was identified previously by others (A.D. Henriques, H. de Lencastre, and P.J. Piggot, Biochimie 74:735-748, 1992). Transcription from the proximal promoter alone, in an upstream-deletion mutant strain, provided sufficient DivIB for normal growth and division as well as sporulation.