gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Flumazenil nach Regionalanästhesie unter Midazolam-Sedation (1988)

In dieser doppelblind Placebo-kontrollierten Studie wurden Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Flumazenil (Anexate®, Fa. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzach-Wyhlen) in der postoperativen Anwendung zur Aufhebung der zentralnervösen Wirkungen von Midazolam untersucht. 59 Patienten, die sich chirurgischen Eingriffen unter Peridural- oder Spinalanästhesie unterzogen, wurden mit Midazolam sediert und erhielten am Operationsende titrierend Flumazenil. Als Meßparameter, die bis 240 Minuten nach Verabreichung der Testsubstanz untersucht wurden, dienten der Verlauf der Sedation und der Amnesie sowie Orientierung und Kooperation des Patienten. Ebenso wurden hämodynamische und respiratorische Parameter sowie die subjektive Patienteneinschätzung und Nebenwirkungen registriert. Nach durchschnittlich 0,3-0,4 mg Flumazenil waren bis 30 Minuten nach Gabe der Prüfsubstanz die Vigilanz signifikant besser und die Amnesie im Gegensatz zur Placebogruppe vollständig aufgehoben. Entsprechend der relativ kurzen Eliminationshalbwertszeit waren sekundäre Schläfrigkeits- und Amnesie-Perioden nicht auszuschließen. Die subjektive Einschätzung der Aufwachphase nach Flumazenil war besser als nach Placebo. Die Vitalfunktionen waren nach Verabreichung von Flumazenil stabil, klinisch relevante Nebenwirkungen traten nicht auf.
A generic framework of user attention model and its application in video summarization (2005)

Due to the information redundancy of video, automatically extracting essential video content is one of key techniques for accessing and managing large video library. In this paper, we present a generic framework of a user attention model, which estimates the attentions viewers may pay to video contents. As human attention is an effective and efficient mechanism for information prioritizing and filtering, user attention model provides an effective approach to video indexing based on importance ranking. In particular, we define viewer attention through multiple sensory perceptions, i.e. visual and aural stimulus as well as partly semantic understanding. Also, a set of modeling methods for visual and aural attentions are proposed. As one of important applications of user attention model, a feasible solution of video summarization, without fully semantic understanding of video content as well as complex heuristic rules, is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and generality of the user attention model. The promising results from the user study on video summarization indicate that the user attention model is an alternative way to video understanding.
Regeneration of spinal neurons in inframammalian vertebrates: morphological and developmental aspects. (1983)

This review discusses regeneration of spinal neurons in inframammalian vertebrates. In contrast to the limited regeneration of nerve fibers in mammalian spinal cord, relatively complete regeneration of spinal cord, including the formation of new neurons, occurs in cyclostomes, selachians, teleosts, and urodele amphibians. The various experimental techniques which have been used to accelerate or enhance regeneration of spinal cord, such as implantation of peripheral nerve bridges, application of growth factors or chemical agents, and the application of exogenous electrical fields, are discussed. Processes involved in regeneration of other systems, e.g., the trophic effect of nerve fibers, the effect of certain hormones, and the effects of the blastema, are discussed as they may relate to regeneration in the spinal cord. Recent work on the factors which influence nerve outgrowth is discussed. Factors such as diffusible chemical gradients, contact with other cells, pre-formed channels for nerve growth, and differences in adhesivity of neurites for the substratum may act to control the direction of axon outgrowth in regeneration as well as normal embryonic development. This article next reviews work from our laboratory on regeneration of spinal neurons in the teleost, Sternarchus albifrons. We have used Sternarchus as a model system for the study of regeneration and remyelination since: 1. spinal cord readily regenerates after amputation of the tail, 2. new nerve cell bodies are formed during this regeneration, and 3. Sternarchus contains large neurogenic electric organs which also regenerate after tail amputation. The axons of the electric organ arise from spinal neurons and have a highly specific and complex morphology which is recapitulated after regeneration. Studies on Sternarchus indicate that new nerve cell bodies are produced during regeneration from the enlarged ependymal cells. Initially, many more of the electromotor neurons are produced in regenerated spinal cord than are present normally. Cell death subsequently occurs in some of these asynaptic cells, reducing the number of electrocytes in older regenerated cord to a more normal condition. The spinal electromotor neurons in Sternarchus have also been used to demonstrate that section of the axon in an asynaptic neuron will produce a typical "axon reaction" in the cell body. It is interesting that cell death during regeneration and the retrograde axon reaction both appear to occur without loss of synaptic elements in these normally asynaptic cells. Neurites grow through regenerating Sternarchus spinal cord in small bundles, in close contact with adjacent ependymal cell processes. Longitudinal channels, filled with neurites, are seen extending through many stages of regenerating Sternarchus cord, usually near the periphery of the cord. There are numerous invaginations of the peripheral edge of regenerating cord and its associated external lamina. These infoldings may be involved in the generation of the neurite filled channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Amyloid β Protein Precursor Is Possibly a Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Core Protein (1988)

The amyloid beta protein peptide is a major constituent of amyloid plaque cores in Alzheimer's disease and is apparently derived from a higher molecular weight precursor. It is now shown that the core protein of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan secreted from a nerve cell line (PC12) has an amino acid sequence and a size very similar to those of the amyloid beta protein precursor and that these molecules are antigenically related. This amyloid beta protein precursor-related protein is not found in the conditioned medium of a variant cell line (F3 PC12) that does not secrete heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The synaptic localization and metabolism of this class of proteoglycans are consistent with its potential involvement in central nervous system dysfunction.
Amino acid sequence of honeybee prepromelittin synthesized in vitro. (1978)

Translation of melittin messenger RNA from queen bee venom glands in a cell-free system from wheat germ yielded prepromelittin. Sequence analysis of the labeled in vitro product was performed by automatic Edman degradation of the intact polypeptide as well as by analysis of some of its proteolytic fragments. Prepromelittin was shown to be composed of 70 amino acids, two of which have not been identified. The sequence of melittin is located in the COOH-terminal third of the polypeptide chain (residues 44--69). Prepromelittin starts with a very hydrophobic pre-region, probably 21 residues long, followed by a pro-part of unusual sequence, containing only alanine, proline, and acidic residues. At least three post-translational reactions are required to convert prepromelittin to mellitin.
Immunomodulatory Therapy for Ocular Inflammatory Disease: A Basic Manual and Review of the Literature (2005)

Corticosteroids are used as first-line treatment for many ocular inflammatory conditions. The risk of adverse effects, however, necessitates conversion to steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for disease that is recurrent, chronic, or poorly responsive to treatment. Combination drug treatments with multiple agent 'recipes' are also considered. Immunomodulatory agents include the broad categories of antimetabolites (azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil), alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil), T-cell inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), and cytokines (interferon alfa). This article reviews and summarizes the evidence for IMT agent use in the treatment of various forms of ocular inflammation.
The Role of 18F-FDG-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Staging Primary Breast Cancer (2010)

Despite Medicare approving the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in staging primary breast cancer, little evidence is available to support the use of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of distant metastases in the initial staging of breast cancer. In this review of the literature listed in MEDLINE, we examine whether (18)F-FDG-PET/CT may play a role in the initial staging of breast cancer. We discuss studies comparing PET/CT with conventional imaging for diagnosing distant metastases and axillary and extra-axillary lymph node metastases.
Feasibility of conductivity imaging using subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI gradients (2016)

Low-frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin-echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926-1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Thyroid Hormone (2003)

Thyroid hormone (T3) has a profound effect on mitochondrial biogenesis. T3-regulated gene expression is mediated by thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). In concert with the action of various coactivators and corepressors this interaction leads to a modulation of the chromatin structure and subsequently to a modulation of gene expression of adjacent target genes. However, as numerous genes are endogenously regulated by T3, and a TRE appears to be absent in their regulatory elements, a TR-independent pathway of T3-mediated gene regulation is likely. In this review, we discuss the direct mechanisms of TR-dependent regulation of gene expression on the nuclear and mitochondrial genome by T3. We also summarise recent observations on an indirect mechanism of T3 action via intermediate factor(s). We discuss the regulation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) by T3, suggesting NRF-1 and PGC-1alpha as attractive candidates for an intermediate factor of T3 action in vivo.
REVIEWS Une mémoire inquiète: ‘La Route des Flandres’ de Claude Simon. By VIARTDOMINIQUE. (Écrivains). Paris, PUF, 1997. vii + 302 pp. Pb 148 F. (2000)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Une mémoire inquiète: ‘La Route des Flandres’ de Claude Simon. By DOMINIQUE VIART. (Écrivains). Paris, PUF, 1997. vii + 302 pp. Pb 148 F. ANTHONY CHEAL PUGH ANTHONY CHEAL PUGH UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume LIV, Issue 1, January 2000, Pages 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/LIV.1.113 Published: 01 January 2000
Microarray gene expression data with linked survival phenotypes: diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma revisited (2005)

Diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy of mature B lymphocytes and is the most common type of lymphoma in adults. While treatment advances have been substantial in what was formerly a fatal disease, less than 50% of patients achieve lasting remission. In an effort to predict treatment success and explain disease heterogeneity clinical features have been employed for prognostic purposes, but have yielded only modest predictive performance. This has spawned a series of high-profile microarray-based gene expression studies of DLBCL, in the hope that molecular-level information could be used to refine prognosis. The intent of this paper is to reevaluate these microarray-based prognostic assessments, and extend the statistical methodology that has been used in this context. Methodological challenges arise in using patients' gene expression profiles to predict survival endpoints on account of the large number of genes and their complex interdependence. We initially focus on the Lymphochip data and analysis of Rosenwald et al. (2002). After describing relationships between the analyses performed and gene harvesting (Hastie et al., 2001a), we argue for the utility of penalized approaches, in particular least angle regression-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Efron et al., 2004). While these techniques have been extended to the proportional hazards/partial likelihood framework, the resultant algorithms are computationally burdensome. We develop residual-based approximations that eliminate this burden yet perform similarly. Comparisons of predictive accuracy across both methods and studies are effected using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. These indicate that gene expression data, in turn, only delivers modest predictions of posttherapy DLBCL survival. We conclude by outlining possibilities for further work.
Primary Multi-frequency Data Analyze in Electrical Impedance Scanning (2005)

This paper deduced the Cole-Cole arc equation in form of admittance by the traditional Cole-Cole equation in form of impedance. Comparing to the latter, the former is more adaptive to the electrical impedance scanning which using lower frequency region. When using our own electrical impedance scanning device at 50-5000Hz, the measurement data separated on the arc of the former, while collected near the direct current resistor on the arc of the latter. The four parameters of the former can be evaluated by the least square method. The frequency of the imaginary part of admittance reaching maximum can be calculated by the Cole-Cole parameters. In conclusion, the Cole-Cole arc in form of admittance is more effective to multi-frequency data analyze at lower frequency region, like EIS.
Novel Chiral Macrocycles Containing Two Electronically Interacting Arylene Chromophores (2001)

Novel chiral macrocycles consisting of two rigid oligoarylene rods and two chiral spiroindane clips have been synthesized by condensation of spiroindane diols and CF3-activated alpha-omega-difluorooligoaryls. Since a broad variety of planar aromatic macrocycles is known, our non-planar, chiral rings represent a new class of macrocyclic compounds. The first two examples, which contain quaterphenylene and diphenylbithiophene rods, are presented in this communication; for one of them a crystal structure is given. The chiroptical properties of the macrocycles can be interpreted as an interplay of the "intra-rod" helicity of individual oligoarylene rods and the "inter-rod" helicity between both chromophores of the macrocycle. The macrocycles can act as chiral dopands of commercially available, and novel, polymeric nematic liquid crystals (emissive polyfluorenes). The "intra-rod" helicity of individual oligoarylene rods is the main feature in determining the resulting helical twisting power (HTP). The cholestric induction in mesogenic, emissive polyfluorenes is of special interest for a realization of electronic devices that have a circularly polarized electroluminescence. The results are also important for an understanding of larger ensembles of chiral rodlike molecules, especially their pi-pi interactions.
Tumor cell targeted delivery by specific peptide-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2012)

Receptor-mediated delivery of hydrophobic antitumor drugs is of great interest in chemotherapy of tumors such as glioma. Specific expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor has been characterized in glioma. In this work, a specific peptide corresponding to the residues within IL-13 protein, designated as IP, was exploited, for the first time, as a glioma-targeting ligand. IP was conjugated to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) via bifunctional polyethyleneglycol (PEG), constructing the vector MSN–PEG–IP. The successful synthesis of MSN–PEG–IP was demonstrated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy result showed that the size of MSN–PEG–IP was about 160 nm with an average pore diameter of around 2.6 nm. The cellular uptake of doxorubicin (DOX)-loading IP-modified system (MSN–PEG–IP/DOX) was concentration-dependent in glioma U251 cells. IP modification could significantly enhance the cellular uptake of the drug delivery system in U251 cells but not in normal astrocyte 1800 cells, compared to unmodified counterparts. This effect was further verified by cytotoxicity analysis. Furthermore, the intracellular trafficking result indicated that the loaded DOX was mostly accumulated in nuclei, even at very short incubation time (5 min). All the results suggested that IP could be applied as a special glioma-targeting ligand, and MSN–PEG–IP is a potential vector for delivering hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs to IL-13 receptor-overexpressed tumors.
Drug properties affecting aerosol behavior. (2000)

The widespread use of aerosol therapy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases is based on optimizing drug properties and aerodynamic behavior of airborne particulates. In order to understand drug properties and aerodynamic behavior, it is important to recognize that each category of inhaler delivers a product with different physicochemical characteristics, and that these properties determine the site of deposition and the mechanism of clearance from the lungs. The complex interplay of these properties and the physiology and anatomy of the lungs must be considered to fully understand the implications for drug delivery. The aerodynamic behavior of aerosols under various inspiratory flow conditions influences the site of deposition. Once the particle comes to rest in the lungs, mechanisms of clearance are invoked, including dissolution and absorption, or, for more insoluble materials, mucociliary transport or cell-mediated transport. Finally the pharmacokinetics of drug disposition dictate the pharmacodynamic effects of the drugs responsible for efficacy.
The effects of the helium-neon laser on postsurgical discomfort: a pilot study. (1991)

It has been postulated that low-energy lasers (soft lasers) have analgesic capabilities. European investigators who have worked with these lasers have tried to explain this phenomenon as an interference with the mediation of the pain message and/or the stimulation of endorphin production. There does not appear, however, to be much well-controlled research to support these claims. This study has examined the effect of the helium-neon laser on post-surgical discomfort. Fifteen patients who had surgical removal of bilaterally symmetrical mandibular third molars were evaluated. Laser therapy was applied to one side of each patient's mouth with the other side serving as the control. A similar technique of application, without activation of the laser beam, was utilized on the control side. This study has demonstrated that the helium-neon laser (632.8 nanometre (nm) at 10 milliwatt (mW), when applied to the surgical site for three minutes immediately following third molar surgery, reduced postoperative pain on the day of surgery and on the first postoperative day. This finding was statistically significant.
Bolus Inhalation of rhDNase with the AERx System in Subjects with Cystic Fibrosis (2003)

Inhaled recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) delivered by nebulizer improves pulmonary function and reduces the rate of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis subjects. Standard jet nebulizers are relatively inefficient and require a delivery time of 10-20 min. We conducted an open-label, proof-of-concept study to evaluate whether bolus inhalation of rhDNase with a more efficient delivery system was safe and effective in cystic fibrosis subjects. The AERx system used for this study aerosolized 1.35 mg of rhDNase in three inhalations at a single sitting. The predicted AERx lung dose was approximately 0.68 mg, a dose consistent with lung doses of rhDNase given by jet nebulizer. In our 16 subjects with cystic fibrosis, a mean relative increase in FEV(1) of 7.8% (p < or = 0.001) was observed after 15 days of bolus delivery of rhDNase with the AERx system. The safety profile of rhDNase given as a bolus was similar to that observed with traditional nebulizer delivery. This study demonstrated that bolus inhalation of rhDNase was feasible, reasonably well-tolerated, and associated with improvement in pulmonary function in this small group of cystic fibrosis subjects.
Emergence and Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates With Decreased Susceptibilities to Ceftriaxone and Cefixime in Canada (2011)

In Canada, N. gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibilities to third-generation cephalosporins have increased over the years. The alterations in penA, mtrR, and porB1b (penB alteration) are important determinants identified in these isolates. The most common STs identified among these Canadian isolates have also been reported worldwide.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence (2004)

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) of William Sharpe (1964) and John Lintner (1965) marks the birth of asset pricing theory (resulting in a Nobel Prize for Sharpe in 1990). Before their breakthrough, there were no asset pricing models built from first principles about the nature of tastes and investment opportunities and with clear testable predictions about risk and return. Four decades later, the CAPM is still widely used in applications, such as estimating the cost of equity capital for firms and evaluating the performance of managed portfolios. And it is the centerpiece, indeed often the only asset pricing model taught in MBA level investment courses. The attraction of the CAPM is its powerfully simple logic and intuitively pleasing predictions about how to measure risk and about the relation between expected return and risk. Unfortunately, perhaps because of its simplicity, the empirical record of the model is poor - poor enough to invalidate the way it is used in applications. The model's empirical problems may reflect true failings. (It is, after all, just a model.) But they may also be due to shortcomings of the empirical tests, most notably, poor proxies for the market portfolio of invested wealth, which plays a central role in the model's predictions. We argue, however, that if the market proxy problem invalidates tests of the model, it also invalidates most applications, which typically borrow the market proxies used in empirical tests. For perspective on the CAPM's predictions about risk and expected return, we begin with a brief summary of its logic. We then review the history of empirical work on the model and what it says about shortcomings of the CAPM that pose challenges to be explained by more complicated models.