gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forage and Turf Grass Biotechnology (2001)

Referee: Dr. Ian Ray, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003 Forage and turf grasses are the backbone of sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to the world economy. They play a major role in providing high quality and economical meat, milk, and fiber products and are important in soil conservation, environmental protection, and outdoor recreation. Conventional breeding contributed substantially to the genetic improvement of forage and turf grasses in the last century. The relatively new developments in genetic manipulation of these species open up opportunities for incorporating cellular and molecular techniques into grass improvement programs. For some commonly used forage and turf species, significant advances have been achieved in the following areas: (1) establishment of a tissue culture basis for the efficient regeneration of fertile and genetically stable plants, (2) generation of transgenic plants by biolistic transformation and direct gene transfer to protoplasts, (3) recovery of intergeneric somatic grass plants by protoplast fusion, (4) development of molecular markers for marker assisted selection, and (5) sequencing of expressed sequenced tags and the development of DNA array technologies for gene discovery. Although difficulties still exist in genetic manipulation of these recalcitrant monocot species, impressive progress has been made toward the generation of value-added novel grass germplasm incorporating traits such as improved forage quality. The joint efforts of molecular biologists and plant breeders make the available biotechnological methods a useful tool for accelerating forage and turf grass improvement.
Severe motor tics causing cervical myelopathy in Tourette's syndrome (1996)

We describe two patients with Tourette's syndrome in whom severe motor tics involving the neck were complicated by cervical myelopathy. The first patient, a 21-year-old man, had complex tics consisting of violent twisting and extending movements of the neck preceded by an irresistible urge to produce the abnormal postures. Two years after onset of these tics, paraesthesias, sensory deficits up to the level of C4, and a gait disturbance developed. Neuroimaging studies confirmed compressive myelopathy, and the symptoms gradually improved with botulinum toxin injections in the posterior cervical muscles. The second patient, a 42-year-old man, had violent clonic tics consisting of thrusting head jerks. The repetitive flexion-extension neck movements had been present since the age 10 years. At age 23, he developed progressive weakness of all four extremities and bladder and sexual dysfunction. Myelography demonstrated cervical spinal canal stenosis with retrospondylosis from C3 through C5 and a Klippel-Feil malformation. After cervical decompression by C3-C5 laminectomies, his spinal cord symptoms improved temporarily. The tics, however, continued, and the neurologic deficits of cervical myelopathy progressed again after age 34. He did not benefit from a second operation. This report draws attention to the possibility that some tics can produce disabling compressive myelopathy. Early diagnosis and treatment of the movement disorder is essential in such cases.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION WITH BACTERIOCHLORINS (1993)

Biophysical and photobiological properties of a group of bacteriochlorins were compared with efficacy of these products for photodynamic therapy of murine tumors. Predictive factors for selective photosensitization in vivo include affinity binding to lipoproteins greater than albumin, extinction coefficient at the wavelength of irradiation and tumor/skin distribution. Efficacy was correlated with circulating plasma levels of the different sensitizers but not with the photodynamic therapy response in cell culture.
Management of transitional cell carcinoma by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (2006)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and its ligands play a central role in the development and progression of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. Alterations in receptor physiology are associated with propagation of malignancy, and overexpression is an adverse prognostic feature associated with decreased survival. Knowledge of abnormalities in EGFR physiology has been harnessed to explore potential avenues for treatment. Strategies for inhibition or abrogation of the EGFR signal in the setting of transitional cell carcinoma include the application of anti-EGFR antibodies and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as sole and salvage agents, and as adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. These novel drugs may permit greater treatment efficacy, reduced toxicity and improved organ preservation in this common disease.
Factors associated with fatal outcome in childhood meningococcal disease (1995)

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with a fatal outcome in children with meningococcal disease and to design a new clinical scoring system. We reviewed the charts of all 137 children with meningococcal disease admitted alive to the University Hospital, Tromsø, during the years 1977-92. Twelve of the children died (8.7%). On admission the following clinical signs were significantly associated with poor outcome: peripheral vasoconstriction, cyanosis, extensive petechiae, hypotension, altered consciousness, hyperventilation and absence of neck rigidity. The laboratory parameters low pH, low base excess, thrombocytopenia, low Trombotest and leukopenia were also associated with later death. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the independent effect of each variable. Cyanosis, peripheral vasoconstriction and base excess < -10 mmol/l or pH < 7.35 were significantly associated with a fatal outcome. A clinical scoring system based on the extent of petechiae, the presence of peripheral vasoconstriction, hyperventilation and/or cyanosis, the absence of neck rigidity and impairment of consciousness is proposed. Twenty-nine patients received > or = 3.5 points, of whom 12 died and 12 survived. None of the patients who died had less than 3.5 points. The clinical scoring system is based solely on clinical signs. It can be done rapidly and performs well in identifying children who might benefit from early intensive care.
Proteomic identification of non‐Gal antibody targets after pig‐to‐primate cardiac xenotransplantation (2008)

These experiments indicate that the non-Gal antibody response is directed to a number of stress response and inflammation related pig EC antigens and a few undefined targets. Further analysis of these antibody specificities using alternative methods is required to more fully define the repertoire of non-Gal antibody responses.
High-Resolution Mapping of Epigenetic Modifications of the Rice Genome Uncovers Interplay between DNA Methylation, Histone Methylation, and Gene Expression (2008)

We present high-resolution maps of DNA methylation and H3K4 di- and trimethylation of two entire chromosomes and two fully sequenced centromeres in rice (Oryza sativa) shoots and cultured cells. This analysis reveals combinatorial interactions between these epigenetic modifications and chromatin structure and gene expression. Cytologically densely stained heterochromatin had less H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 and more methylated DNA than the less densely stained euchromatin, whereas centromeres had a unique epigenetic composition. Most transposable elements had highly methylated DNA but no H3K4 methylation, whereas more than half of protein-coding genes had both methylated DNA and di- and/or trimethylated H3K4. Methylation of DNA but not H3K4 was correlated with suppressed transcription. By contrast, when both DNA and H3K4 were methylated, transcription was only slightly reduced. Transcriptional activity was positively correlated with the ratio of H3K4me3/H3K4me2: genes with predominantly H3K4me3 were actively transcribed, whereas genes with predominantly H3K4me2 were transcribed at moderate levels. More protein-coding genes contained all three modifications, and more transposons contained DNA methylation in shoots than cultured cells. Differential epigenetic modifications correlated to tissue-specific expression between shoots and cultured cells. Collectively, this study provides insights into the rice epigenomes and their effect on gene expression and plant development.
Proteinases Secreted by Fasciola hepatica Degrade Extracelullar Matrix and Basement Membrane Components (1997)

The invasive stages of the parasitic trematode Fasciola hepatica release proteinases into the medium in which they are maintained. In this study, we investigated the interaction of F. hepatica excretory/secretory (E/S) products and 2 cysteine proteinases (CL1 and CL2) purified from these products with extracellular matrix and basement membrane macromolecules. Fasciola hepatica E/S products contained collagenolytic activity on fibrillar types I and III collagen as well as basement membrane type IV collagen. CL1 and CL2 were capable of degrading acid-soluble type III and type IV collagen but not insoluble type I collagen. In contrast, neither the E/S products nor the purified CL1 and CL2 showed elastinolytic activity. Fibronectin and laminin were degraded by E/S products and by CL1 and CL2. Sequence analysis of fibronectin degradation products showed that the fragments obtained corresponded to complete biologically active domains. These results indicate that the cysteine proteinases secreted by F. hepatica may be involved in the process of tissue invasion by the parasite.
Approaches and Perspectives in the Studies of China’s Urban Poverty (2009)

The paper reviews some research on urban poverty in China.This topic began to attract academic attention in mid-1990s.In the marketization, the old socialist system in China, which included full employment and comprehensive social welfare for urban citizens, has been replaced by an emerging labor market and a socialized and partially privatized social security.The time lag between the old and establishing systems has thrown a large number of retrenched state workers and migrant workers into poverty and then concentrated the poor in particular areas or communities of city.There is impressive progress on identifying and measuring poverty, as well as casual processes of poverty creation.However, effective policy recommendations on anti-poverty and social security have seldom been suggested.Recent attempts in other countries prove that multidisciplinary approach could provide fresh and innovative perspectives on multidimensional poverty.Hence this is necessary to address the deteriorating urban poverty in China and to reveal its dimensions and characteristics under different conditions.
Early Weaning of Fall‐Born Beef Calves: II. Postweaning Performance of Early‐ and Normal‐Weaned Calves (1991)

A 5‐yr study was conducted to compare the effects of early weaning at approximately 110 d of age with normal weaning at approximately 220 d in fall‐born beef calves ( Bos taurus ). Differences in postweaning performance of steer and heifer calves that were early‐ or normal‐weaned are reported in this paper. One hundred fifty‐two Shorthorn × Angus × Hereford steers were used to study the effects of early weaning on feed‐lot performance and carcass cutability. Slaughter date was determined by using a combination of visual appraisal and sonoray measurements to slaughter steers at a relatively constant fat thickness. Early‐weaned steers were 31 lb heavier ( P = 0.02) at slaughter than normal‐weaned steers. Early‐weaned steers had greater ( P &lt; 0.05) daily gain from normal weaning to slaughter and were 11 d younger ( P &lt; 0.01) at slaughter than normal‐weaned steers. Forty‐seven heifer calves that were either early‐ or normal‐weaned in 1982, 1983, or 1984 were returned to the breeding herds. Reproductive performance was not different.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy for Cancer (2013)

Improved outcomes for patients with cancer hinge on the development of new targeted therapies with acceptable short-term and long-term toxicity. Progress in basic, preclinical, and clinical arenas spanning cellular immunology, synthetic biology, and cell-processing technologies has paved the way for clinical applications of chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies. This new form of targeted immunotherapy merges the exquisite targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity and long-term persistence provided by cytotoxic T cells. Although this field is still in its infancy, clinical trials have already shown clinically significant antitumor activity in neuroblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B cell lymphoma, and trials targeting a variety of other adult and pediatric malignancies are under way. Ongoing work is focused on identifying optimal tumor targets and on elucidating and manipulating both cell- and host-associated factors to support expansion and persistence of the genetically engineered cells in vivo. The potential to target essentially any tumor-associated cell-surface antigen for which a monoclonal antibody can be made opens up an entirely new arena for targeted therapy of cancer.
De novo generation of neuronal cells from the adult mouse brain. (1992)

Cells of neuronal morphology, expressing the 150- and 200-kDa neurofilament proteins, were generated in vitro from populations of neural cells dissociated from adult (greater than 60-day-old) mouse brain. Most of these neurons arose from dividing precursors, as demonstrated by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine during the culture period and autoradiography. Neuronal production was optimal under the conditions in which precursors were initially stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor and then exposed to medium conditioned by an astrocytic cell line, Ast-1, in serum-free medium. Few, if any, neurons arose in control cultures or in cultures kept in serum and fibroblast growth factor. These results suggest that neuronal precursors exist in the adult mammalian brain, but they require discrete epigenetic signals for their proliferation and differentiation.
Conditions for an optimal safety culture in construction (2026)

This article discusses how much attention construction companies generally pay to the concept of safety and how they perceive it. The presupposition for the argument put forward in this article is that safety is not only the result of clear-cut and stringent measures, but that practical safety on the building site is also a consequence of the entire organizational culture. The authors suggest the concept of a ‘safety culture’ as a key theme in relation to this concept of organizational culture, as well as providing an approach that makes it possible to break this concept down into its component parts. They illustrate this theory by comparing the ‘safety culture’ in construction companies with that of electric utility companies. A remarkàble result of the study is expressed by the difference between the approaches for motivating the workers. The study documented in this paper was part of a larger research project designed to improve the quality of labour in the construction industry. This particular study was carried out in the Netherlands at the Faculty of Building Engineering and Architecture of Eindhoven University of Technology in association with the BOUW Research College.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Adenovirus Major Coat Protein Hexon (1986)

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the adenovirus major coat protein is presented. Adenovirus type 2 hexon, at 967 residues, is now the longest polypeptide whose structure has been determined crystallographically. Taken with our model for hexon packing, which positions the 240 trimeric hexons in the capsid, the structure defines 60% of the protein within the 150 X 10(6) dalton virion. The assembly provides the first details of a DNA-containing animal virus that is 20 times larger than the spherical RNA viruses previously described. Unexpectedly, the hexon subunit contains two similar beta-barrels whose topology is identical to those of the spherical RNA viruses, but whose architectural role in adenovirus is very different. The hexon structure reveals several distinctive features related to its function as a stable protective coat, and shows that the type-specific immunological determinants are restricted to the virion surface.
Choice of wavelets for PIV image compression (1999)

In this paper the wavelet-based image compression technique is applied to PIV processing for reducing the physical storage. To determine the effect of the choice of the wavelet bases, the standard PIV images are compressed by some known wavelet families, Daubechies, Coifman and baylkin families. It was found that high order wavelet bases provides good compression performance for compressing PIV Images, because they have good frequency localization that in turn increases the energy compaction. The reconstructed PIV image with lower compression ratio may emphasize particle edges at a relatively high spatial resolution, and the reconstructed PIV image with higher compression ratio may display the large-scale motion of particles and may deduce noisy. In this study, higher compression ratio, from 25% to 1.56%, can be realized without losing significant flow information in PIV processing. It can say that the wavelet image compression technique is effective in PIV system. INTRODUCTION It is...
OROS•Osmotic system development (1983)

(1983). OROS•Osmotic system development. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 1331-1357.
[Mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide regulates pulmonary vascular structural remodeling induced by high pulmonary blood flow in rats]. (2006)

H(2)S may play a regulatory role in pulmonary vascular structural remodeling induced by high pulmonary blood flow via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signal transduction pathway.
New form of scanning optical microscopy (1989)

The exponential decay of the evanescent field due to the total internal reflection (TIR) of a light beam in a prism is used to advantage in a new form of scanning optical microscope, the photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM). The PSTM is the photon analogue of the electron scanning tunneling microscope. The sample is placed on or forms the TIR surface and spatially modulates the evanescent field. Changes in intensity are monitored by a probe tip scanned over the surface, and the data are processed to generate an image of the sample. Subwavelength resolution in three dimensions is obtained because of the exponential nature of the evanescent field intensity. Images produced by a prototype instrument using 633-nm light and a 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m probe tip are shown to have a lateral resolution of about 200 nm.
Genome-scale DNA methylation mapping of clinical samples at single-nucleotide resolution (2010)

Bisulfite sequencing measures absolute levels of DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution, providing a robust platform for molecular diagnostics. We optimized bisulfite sequencing for genome-scale analysis of clinical samples: here we outline how restriction digestion targets bisulfite sequencing to hotspots of epigenetic regulation and describe a statistical method for assessing significance of altered DNA methylation patterns. Thirty nanograms of DNA was sufficient for genome-scale analysis and our protocol worked well on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.
Crystal Structures of Phosphodiesterases 4 and 5 in Complex with Inhibitor 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine Suggest a Conformation Determinant of Inhibitor Selectivity (2004)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes controlling cellular concentrations of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP. Crystal structures of the catalytic domains of cGMP-specific PDE5A1 and cAMP-specific PDE4D2 in complex with the nonselective inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine have been determined at medium resolution. The catalytic domain of PDE5A1 has the same topological folding as that of PDE4D2, but three regions show different tertiary structures, including residues 79-113, 208-224 (H-loop), and 341-364 (M-loop) in PDE4D2 or 535-566, 661-676, and 787-812 in PDE5A1, respectively. Because H- and M-loops are involved in binding of the selective inhibitors, the different conformations of the loops, thus the distinct shapes of the active sites, will be a determinant of inhibitor selectivity in PDEs. IBMX binds to a subpocket that comprises key residues Ile-336, Phe-340, Gln-369, and Phe-372 of PDE4D2 or Val-782, Phe-786, Gln-817, and Phe-820 of PDE5A1. This subpocket may be a common site for binding nonselective inhibitors of PDEs.
Microbial Assimilation of Methanol (1973)

An NAD‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase has been isolated from the yeast Candida boidinii grown on methanol. A study of the properties of the enzyme has shown that it is very similar to the alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase from baker's yeast. The alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii does not catalyze the oxidation of methanol and is constitutively formed. A mutant, 4 8 , has been isolated which is unable to grow on methanol as sole carbon and energy source. This strain lacks the methanol‐oxidizing enzyme but not NAD‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. Cells grown on glucose or ethanol do not contain the methanol‐oxidizing enzyme. During adaptation from glucose to methanol, enzyme activity appears before growth on methanol begins. The methanol‐oxidizing enzyme has been partially purified. It catalyzes the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and is independent of the addition of a hydrogen acceptor. The prosthetic group of this enzyme is FAD. The molecular weight was calculated to be 600000, one subunit has a molecular weight of 74000. The optima of pH and temperature for enzyme activity are 7.5–9.5 and 30°C, respectively. It is unstable in acidic pH. The enzyme is not specific for methanol. It also oxidizes lower primary alcohols. The K m value for methanol is 2.0 mM and that for ethanol 4.5 mM.
Transradial cerebral angiography: technique and outcomes. (2003)

Transradial angiography is a useful tool for diagnostic and interventional neuroangiographic procedures. All relevant vessels can be accessed from the radial artery for diagnostic studies. Interventions in the right vertebral and carotid systems are facilitated by the transradial approach.
Imaging through Gas-Filled Sediments with Land 3C Seismic Data (2007)

B022 Imaging through Gas-Filled Sediments with Land 3C Seismic Data Y. Li* (BGP) P. Sun (BGP) D. Tang (BGP) Y. He (BGP) H. Chen (BGP) &amp; Y. Yue (BGP) SUMMARY It has been proved in many 4C OBC cases that gas cloud imaging can be improved with converted wave (Li et al. 2001) but few cases have been demonstrated in land 3-C exploration. This paper shows how multi-component (3-C) land data with dynamite source is used to image sub-gas-cloud sediments in CS gas field China. The conventional P-wave data provides unreliable structural images and the interpretation is dubious in an
Azole chemistry. VI.. tetrazolo[5,4‐b] [1,3] thiazinium salts (1973)

Abstract Cyclodehydration of tetrazolyl γ‐keto sulfides, prepared by treatment of β‐halo ketones with 5‐mereapto‐1‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles ( 1 ), gave 1,5‐diaryl‐7 H ‐tetrazolo[5,4‐6 ] [1,3] thiazinium salts in reasonable yields. Reaction of 1 with epoxy bromides afforded 6‐hydroxy‐1‐substiluled‐6,7‐dihydro‐5 H ‐letrazolo[5,4‐ b ] [ 1,3]thiazinium bromides. The spectral properties of the fused thiazinium salts are discussed.