gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioorganic chemistry : nucleic acids (1996)

1. Fundamentals of Nucleic Acids 2. Chemical Synthesis of DNA/RNA 3. Enzymatic Methods for Preparation and Manipulation of Nucleic Acids 4. Structure of DNA and RNAM. 5. Chemical Mapping of Nucleic Acid Conformation 6. Introduction to 1H NMR Spectroscopy of DNA 7. The Formation of Alternative Structures in DNA 8. Reporter Groups for the Analysis of Nucleic Acid Structure 9. Nucleic Acid Binding and Catalysis by Metal Ions 10. Small Molecule-DNA Interaction 11. The Chemistry of Protein-DNA Interactions 12. Antisense/Antigene Oligonucleotides 13. Catalytic RNA 14. The Polymerase Chain Reaction and In Vitro Random Selection
Space/time trade-offs for higher radix modular multiplication using repeated addition (1997)

The value of using a higher radix for modular multiplication in the context of RSA is investigated. The main conclusion is that for algorithms which perform the multiplication via repeated addition, there is, broadly speaking, a direct trade-off between space and time provided by change of radix. Thus chip area utilized is roughly proportional to speed. However, initially, as the radix is increased from 2, there is a short-lived increase in speed greater than the extra area used.
Trend of Nutritional Support in Preterm Infants (2016)

Without appropriate nutritional support, preterm infants fail to grow after birth and have malnutrition. The main reason for delayed feeding is fear of immaturity of gastrointestinal function. The principles of nutritional practice should be as follows: (1) minimal early initiation of enteral feeding with breast milk (0.5–1 mL/h) to start on Day 1 if possible and gradual increase as tolerated; (2) early aggressive parenteral nutrition as soon as possible; (3) provision of lipids at rates that will meet the additional energy needs of about 2–3 g/kg/d; and (4) attempt to increase enteral feeding rather than parenteral nutrition.
A Pilot Study of Consolidative Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2008)

Consolidative immunotherapy is a scientifically based and clinically practical approach for integrating immunotherapy into a multimodal regimen for chemoresponsive cancer. Patients receiving immunotherapy experienced minimal toxicity and favorable survival. The robust influenza immune responses observed suggest that postchemotherapy immune incompetence will not fundamentally limit this approach. Future studies will seek to increase efficacy by using more immunogenic antigens and more potent dendritic cells.
Safety and Efficacy of Teplizumab for Treatment of Type One Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

Teplizumab is associated with lower insulin use and higher AUC of C-peptide in type 1 diabetic patients with no significant effect on Hb1c levels. Besides, teplizumab has shown some adverse effects.
What you see is what you hear-Acoustics applied in virtual worlds (1993)

Up to now virtual reality (VR) systems have emphasized visual graphics and display technology. With audio hardware and system software readily available it is now possible to take the next evolutionary step and use acoustic simulations to enhance virtual worlds. An audiovisual system addresses two important human senses and provides realistic impressions that are natural to the daily life and environment. The VR toolkit of IGD features several visual and acoustic renderers, which are applied by IGD's general purpose VR system "Virtual Design". Examples demonstrate several virtual audiovisual worlds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Slug Test Analysis (1986)

The pressure or head response of an aquifer to a slug test in a fully penetrating well with wellbore storage and skin is presented. Three kinds of type curves are discussed: early time log‐log, intermediate time semilog, and late time log‐log. The early time response of the slug test depends on the presence of wellbore skin; hence two kinds of early time type curves are presented. When the active well has wellbore skin, the early time correlating parameter is the product of the skin and dimensionless storage. When wellbore skin is not present, the early time response is proportional to the square root of time, with dimensionless storage as the correlating parameter. The intermediate time semilog type curves are applicable when wellbore skin is not present. The late time type curves may be used when the dimensionless storage is greater than one and wellbore skin is positive or when the dimensionless storage is smaller than one and wellbore skin is negligible. The radius of investigation of the slug test is also examined with and without wellbore skin at the active well. Although the presence of wellbore skin reduces the magnitude of the dimensionless head responses at observation wells, the detectable radius of investigation is not significantly dependent on wellbore skin.
Augmentation Treatment of Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders with D‐Cycloserine (2006)

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. One of the most effective strategies to treat anxiety disorders is exposure therapy with or without cognitive intervention. Fear reduction in exposure therapy is similar to extinction learning. Preclinical studies suggest that extinction learning can be blocked by antagonists at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and facilitated with D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor in the amygdala. DCS is an established antibiotic drug for the chronic treatment of tuberculosis in humans, but has only recently been investigated as an augmentation therapy for psychological treatment procedures. The review of the literature provides preliminary support for the use of acute dosing of DCS as an adjunctive intervention to exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, including specific phobia and social anxiety disorder. Negative results have recently been reported in the treatment of subclinical fears of animals. These studies suggest that DCS needs to be administered on an acute rather than a chronic dosing schedule, include sufficient time for memory consolidation, and be administered together with psychological treatment that leaves sufficient room for further improvement. It remains to be seen whether these highly promising findings represent reliable pharmacological strategies to enhance exposure therapy of anxiety disorders.
Multicarrier modulation with low peak-to-averagepower ratio (1996)

It is shown that multicarrier modulation with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted waveform can be performed. As an example, a 32-carrier OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) scheme with a PAPR of &lt;3.3 dB is presented.
Structure−Function Relationships for Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Toxicity Containing the Recognition Sequence KLVFF (2001)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta), the primary protein component of Alzheimer's plaques, is neurotoxic when aggregated into fibrils. We have devised a modular strategy for generating compounds that inhibit Abeta toxicity. These compounds contain a recognition element, designed to bind to Abeta, linked to a disrupting element, designed to interfere with Abeta aggregation. On the basis of this strategy, a hybrid peptide was synthesized with the sequence KLVFF (residues 16-20 of Abeta) as the recognition element and a lysine hexamer as the disrupting element; this compound protects cells in vitro from Abeta toxicity [Pallitto, M. M., et al. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 3570]. To determine if the length of the disrupting element could be reduced, peptides were synthesized that contained the KLVFF recognition element and a sequence of one to six lysines as disrupting elements. All compounds enhanced the rate of aggregation of Abeta, with the magnitude of the effect increasing as the number of lysines in the disrupting element increased. The greatest level of protection against Abeta toxicity was achieved with compounds containing disrupting elements of three or more lysines in sequence. A peptide with an anionic disrupting element, KLVFFEEEE, had activity similar to that of KLVFFKKKK, in both cellular toxicity and biophysical assays, whereas a peptide with a neutral polar disrupting element, KLVFFSSSS, was ineffective. Protective compounds retained activity even at an inhibitor:Abeta molar ratio of 1:100, making these some of the most effective inhibitors of Abeta toxicity reported to date. These results provide critical insight needed to design more potent inhibitors of Abeta toxicity and to elucidate their mechanism of action.
How do Specialty Polymers Modify the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries? (1994)

Abstract Specialty polymers play an increasingly important role in all stages of the enormously complex development process of new biologically active products. They widen and facilitate the discovery stage. For example, the use of solid polymer supports for automated peptide and oligo-nucleotide synthesis (the application of “Affymax” technology) enables the light-directed parallel chemical synthesis of a highly diverse set of oligopeptides. The chiral DNA and RNA backbones of antisense oligonucleotides can be replaced by synthetic archiral ones. In the testing stages the rapid chromatographic separation of racemates on chiral polymer supports has been established as an invaluable tool. The search for better application methods has led to the development of smart polymer patches that often provide excellent transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical drugs; water-soluble bags and microencapsulation technology have greatly improved the environmental safety of agrochemicals. Finally, the diverse synthetic activity within a large research organization brings to light compounds which can unexpectedly be utilized as new monomers, initiators, or crosslinkers; for example, for the design of high-performance photopolymers.
Differential activity of the RVF enhancer element in the decreased expression of the neu oncogene in NR‐6 cells versus parental Swiss Webster 3T3 cells (1993)

The rat neu oncogene encodes a growth factor receptor-like glycoprotein, termed p185, that shares structural similarity with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), particularly in the tyrosine-kinase domain. The Swiss Webster 3T3 murine embryo fibroblast (SW3T3) variant NR-6, in contrast to the parental cell line, does not express EGFR mRNA. After transfection of an activated rat neu cosmid clone, we demonstrated in this report that whereas SW3T3 cells readily expressed the exogenous rat p185 protein, NR-6 cells did not express detectable levels of this protein product. By transfection of plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene driven by the neu promoter and subsequent CAT assays, we also showed that neu gene promoter activity was significantly less in NR-6 cells than in SW3T3 cells and that the neu promoter sequence responsible for this decreased transcription was a previously identified RVF enhancer element (Yan D-H, Hung M-C, Mol Cell Biol 11:1875-1882, 1991). That is to say, the RVF enhancer element of the neu promoter did not function as an enhancer in NR-6 cells. To investigate the mechanism responsible for the inactivation of RVF in NR-6 cells, we used southwestern blot analyses and demonstrated that the 60-kDa RVF polypeptide was present in both NR-6 and SW3T3 cell nuclear extracts. This result indicates that the DNA-binding activity of RVF was similar in these two cell lines; therefore, loss of RVF enhancer activity in NR-6 cells is probably due to inactivation of the trans-activating function and not DNA binding activity of RVF.
Neutralization of IL-9 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Decreasing the Effector T Cell Population (2010)

Multiple sclerosis is a CD4(+) T cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been thought to be Th1-mediated diseases. However, recent studies provide strong evidence that the major pathogenic T cell subsets in EAE are Th17 cells. IL-9, a hematopoietic growth factor, is considered to be a mediator of Th17 cells, but the precise mechanisms of its action are largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the role of IL-9 in autoimmune demyelination. IL-9 blockade with anti-IL-9 mAb inhibited the development of EAE, reduced the serum levels of IL-17, the CNS mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced IL-17, IFN-γ secretion of lymphocytes. Furthermore, anti-IL-9 mAb in culture suppressed IL-17 production of MOG-reactive T cells and their potency in adoptive transfer EAE. These findings indicate that the protective effect of IL-9 blockade in EAE was likely mediated via inhibition of the development of MOG peptide-specific T cells, which in turn led to reduced infiltration of T cells into the CNS. Thus, anti-IL-9 mAb treatment may provide an effective therapeutic strategy against autoimmune diseases.
Induction of a RARβ2-lacZ transgene by retinoic acid reflects the neuromeric organization of the central nervous system (1992)

The hormone retinoic acid (RA) has been implicated in the organization of the anteroposterior (AP) body axis. In this paper, we describe the effects of RA on the activity of the RA-inducible retinoic acid receptor-beta 2 (RAR beta 2) promoter. When transgenic embryos carrying a RAR beta 2-lacZ reporter gene were exposed to a single dose of RA between gestational days 8.5 to 10.5, lacZ expression was induced in the anterior central nervous system (CNS). Strikingly, the transgene was expressed in a segmented pattern reminiscent of that of Drosophila 'pair-rule' genes. RA treatment of midgastrulation embryos at day 7.5 disturbed the segmentation and produced severe craniofacial defects. We discuss the possibility that the entire anterior CNS is segmented and that this segmentation is reflected by the RAR beta 2-lacZ induction pattern.
Genetic variation in bone morphogenetic proteins and breast cancer risk in hispanic and non‐hispanic white women: The breast cancer health disparities study (2012)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are thought to be important in breast cancer promotion and progression. We evaluated genetic variation in BMP-related genes and breast cancer risk among Hispanic (2,111 cases, 2,597 controls) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) (1,481 cases, 1,586 controls) women who participated in the 4-Corner's Breast Cancer Study, the Mexico Breast Cancer Study and the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study. BMP genes and their receptors evaluated include ACVR1, AVCR2A, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, BMP1, BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, MSTN and GDF10. Additionally, 104 ancestral informative markers were assessed to discriminate between European and native American ancestry. The importance of estrogen on BMP-related associations was suggested through unique associations by menopausal status and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status of tumors. After adjustment for multiple comparisons ACVR1 (8 SNPs) was modestly associated with ER+PR+ tumors [odds ratios (ORs) between 1.18 and 1.39 padj < 0.05]. ACVR1 (3 SNPs) and BMP4 (3 SNPs) were associated with ER+PR- tumors (ORs 0.59-2.07; padj < 0.05). BMPR2 was associated with ER-PR+ tumors (OR 4.20; 95% CI 1.62, 10.91; padj < 0.05) as was GDF10 (2 SNPs; ORs 3.62 and 3.85; padj < 0.05). After adjustment for multiple comparisons several SNPs remained associated with ER-PR- tumors (padj < 0.05) including ACVR1 BMP4 and GDF10 (ORs between 0.53 and 2.12). Differences in association also were observed by percentage of native ancestry and menopausal status. Results support the hypothesis that genetic variation in BMPs is associated with breast cancer in this admixed population.
Generic schema matching, ten years later (2011)

In a paper published in the 2001 VLDB Conference, we proposed treating generic schema matching as an independent problem. We developed a taxonomy of existing techniques, a new schema matching algorithm, and an approach to comparative evaluation. Since then, the field has grown into a major research topic. We briefly summarize the new techniques that have been developed and applications of the techniques in the commercial world. We conclude by discussing future trends and recommendations for further work.
Blood MUC-18/MCAM expression in patients with melanoma: a suitable marker of poor outcome (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Multiple marker reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay has been established as the most reliable and sensitive approach for identifying circulating melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma by the detection of one or more melanoma‐associated markers of differentiation (MAMs).1 Their predictive value in melanoma progression, recurrence or response to therapy has recently been investigated.2 We read with interest the paper entitled ‘Markers of circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma correlate with disease recurrence and progression’ by Reid et al.3 preceded by the Commentary ‘The challenge of developing useful blood‐based biomarkers in melanoma’ by Sullivan,4 both published in a recent issue of BJD. Surprisingly, neither Reid et al. nor Sullivan cited the article that we published in the BJD in 2009 reporting the results of our investigation on a similar issue entitled ‘Melanoma‐associated markers expression in blood: MUC‐18 is associated with advanced stages in melanoma patients’.5
The self-assembly process of DMPC/protein at the air-water interface. (2000)

The phase changes of the complex monolayer composed of DMPC and β- lactoglobulin or β - casein during the compression process were investigated. The self - assembly process of the phospholipid and the protein at the air/water interface was observed via Brewster angle microscopy. It was found that at the low surface pressure during the compress process the linear or piece shape domain appeared with the DMPC/β -casein or the DMPC/β- lactoglobulin complex monolayer, respectively. At the higher surface pressure, the hook shape domains were formed for the DMPC/β - casein system.
A Flip-Chip Silicon IPMOS Power Amplifier and a DC/DC Converter for GSM 850/900/1800/1900 MHz Systems (2007)

An LDMOS-based MOS device, called integrated power MOS (IPMOS), was developed to provide integration of high-performance reliable RF power devices with the rest of the front-end using flip-chip packaging. A 3-stage power amplifier (PA) die containing 1-8-30 and 1-8-40 mm wide IPMOS devices was designed for GSM 1800/1900 and GSM 850/900 MHz systems, respectively. The PA for GSM 850/900 achieved power added efficiencies (PAE) in the range of 54 to 62 % across the band with output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> ) ranging from 34.5 to 35.4 dBm when driven with input power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> ) greater than 3 dBm. The PA for GSM 1800/1900 achieved PAEs in the range of 39 to 42 % with Pout ranging from 32.5 to 33.7 dBm when driven with P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> greater than 4 dBm. A DC/DC buck converter was also designed using the same process, and the bias to the PA for GSM 850/900 was applied through this converter. PAEs when P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> and DC/DC converter output voltage are varied were compared.
Inhaled iloprost in the management of pulmonary hypertension in infants undergoing congenital heart surgery (2004)

Mueller, M.; Neuhaeuser, C.; Noest, R.; Akintuerk, H.; Welters, I.; Hempelmann, G.Author Information
Treatment of cirrhotic rats with L-ornithine-L-aspartate enhances urea synthesis and lowers serum ammonia levels. (1997)

CCl4-induced cirrhosis of rats was used for studying the influence of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (OA) on hyperammonemia. OA given to cirrhotic rats (2 g/kg daily) for 2 wk slightly increased net body weight and led to a significant increase in plasma urea levels and a decrease in plasma ammonia levels. Serum concentrations of glutamate, glutamine and arginine decreased significantly. In the livers of the OA-treated rats the activities of carbamoylphosphate synthetase I and arginase increased by 30 and 40%, respectively, approaching normal levels. No change in the activities of the other urea cycle enzymes as well as of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutaminase and glutamine synthetase was found. The negative correlation between glutamine synthetase activity and plasma ammonia levels reported previously for cirrhotic rats (Gebhardt and Reichen, Hepatology 20:684-691, 1994) was corroborated for cirrhotic animals not treated with OA, but was no longer apparent in OA-treated cirrhotic rats. Despite this improvement, plasma ammonia levels still varied considerably reflecting the variable accessibility and activities of glutamine synthetase in cirrhotics. Cultured hepatocytes from the two groups of rats showed a similar stimulation of urea production by addition of ammoniumacetate and/or OA to Hanks' buffered salt solution. In Williams medium E, however, the hepatocytes from the OA group produced significantly more urea than those from controls. These results suggest that treatment of cirrhotic rats with OA considerably improves urea production favoring the detoxification of ammonia that, however, is still limited by the severe alterations in liver architecture that are not influenced by OA in a 2-wk period.
Eliminating voltage emergencies via microarchitectural voltage control feedback and dynamic optimization (2004)

Microprocessor designers use techniques such as clock gating to reduce power dissipation. An unfortunate side-effect of these techniques is the processor current fluctuations that stress the power-delivery network. Recent research has focused on hardware-only mechanisms to detect and eliminate these fluctuations. While the solutions have been effective at avoiding operating-range violations, they have done so at a performance penalty to the executing program.
A high-quality rhesus macaque genome (2020)

Nonhuman Genomics
Genome technology has improved substantially since the first full organismal genomes were generated. Applying new technology, Warren et al. refined the genome of the rhesus macaque, a model nonhuman primate. Long-read technology and other recent advances in sequencing technology were applied to generate a genome with far fewer gaps and helped to refine the locations and numbers of repetitive elements. Furthermore, the authors performed resequencing among populations to identify the genetic variability of the rhesus macaque. Thus, a previously incomplete and inaccurate set of sequence information is now fully resolved, improving gene mapping for biomedical and comparative genetic studies.

Science , this issue p. [eabc6617][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc6617
A MMIC smart power amplifier with on-chip dynamic bias controller for WCDMA mobile communication (2005)

This work presents an InGaP/GaAs HBT smart MMIC power amplifier provided with a new dynamic bias controller and dual power stages in parallel. The proposed dynamic bias circuit controls the quiescent current as a function of input power with perfect freedom, and is implemented for a WCDMA MMIC power amplifier together with the parallel power stages for both linearity and efficiency. Maximum output power, PAE, and gain are simulated to have 31.3 dBm, 40.8%, and 23.9 dB, respectively in WCDMA conditions. The smart power amplifier exhibits an improvement of average power usage efficiency by 220 % while keeping the WCDMA linearity.