gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water in biological membranes at interfaces: does it play a functional role? (2004)

The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss the ways in which water is organized at the interface of a biological membrane. The relevance of this structure to the surface properties and to the adsorption of proteins in membranes is also analized. The approach is based on the idea that cell functions are confined to a restricted water media, the cell interior, in which the proximity of the membrane may be key to regulating the enzyme activity and the cell membrane permeability. As the lipid bilayer is the structural base of cell membranes, the distribution of water in the surface sites of a phospholipid membrane is analyzed by means of Fourier Transform spectrometry. The polarization of water at the surface was looked into through the measure of surface potentials and the dynamics of the surface hydration by cyclic voltammetry. Modification of these properties by the replacement of water by polyol molecules such as trehalose and phloretin and by the insertion of aqueous soluble enzymes, has also been investigated.
Hormonal requirements for growth and differentiation of ob17 preadipocyte cells in vitro. (1983)

The ob17 cell line is a clonal line established from epididymal fat pads of C57 BL/6J ob/ob mice. After conversion into adipose-like cells, ob17 presents both the morphological and biochemical properties of mature rodent fat cells. The adipose conversion process is best represented by a stochastic model in which a pool of stem cells (adipoblasts) gives rise to clusters of adipose cells and to additional stem cells that remain in the population. The role of the different factors involved in the adipose conversion process of ob17 cells is discussed, i.e. 1) mitogenic factors, that enhance the number of committed cells (ACF or adipose conversion factor(s)) 2) lipogenic factors, that enhance the expression of adipocyte enzyme markers (insulin) and 3) adipogenic factors, that are obligatory requirements for adipose conversion (triiodothyronine, growth hormone and other pituitary factors).
The influenza virus NS1 protein binds to a specific region in human U6 snRNA and inhibits U6-U2 and U6-U4 snRNA interactions during splicing. (1995)

The influenza virus NS1 protein is a unique posttranscriptional regulator that has two activities: inhibition of the nuclear export of poly A-containing mRNAs and inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing. Here we demonstrate that this protein binds to a specific region in one of the human spliceosomal snRNAs, U6 snRNA. Using U6 deletion mutations, we show that the binding of the NS1 protein requires both chains of a stem-bulge structure encompassing nucleotides 27-46 and nucleotides 83-101 of human U6 snRNA. A chemical modification/interference assay indicated that the primary binding site is centered around a purine-containing bulge in this stem-bulge structure. These results provide strong evidence that this postulated secondary structure in U6 snRNA actually exists. The NS1 protein also binds to a model U6-U4 snRNA complex, suggesting that the U6 stem-bulge comprising the NS1 protein binding site is also present in natural U6-U4 snRNA complexes. The U6 stem-bulge includes the U6 sequence that forms helix II with U2 snRNA during splicing, an interaction that is essential for mammalian splicing. We demonstrate that the NS1 protein blocks formation of the U6-U2 helix II both in a model system and during in vitro splicing. In addition, we show that the NS1 protein inhibits formation of U6-U4 snRNA complexes during in vitro splicing, presumably because the binding site of the NS1 protein includes the 3'-terminal region of U6 snRNA that has been shown to be important for the formation of U6-U4 complexes. We postulate that the inhibition of U6-U2 and U6-U4 snRNA complex formation is largely responsible for the inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing by the NS1 protein.
Utilizing deep neural nets for an embedded ECG-based biometric authentication system (2015)

This work presents a low-power, embedded ECG pattern recognition system for the purpose of biometric authentication. We believe that ECG coupled with a secondary biometric marker such as fingerprint will play a key role in wearable security as wearables' popularity continues to grow. The key objective of this work is to implement a system that is reliable, robust, and fast while maintaining a low area and power footprint. A streamlined approach was devised that utilized neural networks to both identify QRS complex segments of the ECG signal and then perform user authentication on these segments. When tested on 90 individuals, the system is able to achieve 99.54% accuracy for QRS complex identification, and, on average, 99.85% sensitivity, 99.96% specificity, and 0.0582% EER for user identification. When implemented on an Artix-7 FPGA, the entire design occupies 1,712 slices (5%) and 978.7 KB of memory and dissipates 31.75 mW of total chip dynamic power when running at 12.5 MHz.
A study of Ge/GaAs interfaces grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1981)

Ohmic contacts to n-GaAs using a Ge/GaAs heterojunction have been developed. Ge layers with free-electron concentrations above 1×1020 cm−3 have been grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Gold evaporated on such structures forms tunnel contacts through the Ge to the GaAs. The lower barrier height of metals on Ge compared to GaAs and the small barrier at the Ge/GaAs heterojunction facilitates the formation of contacts with specific contact resistances below 10−7 Ω cm2.
The Role of Cutaneous Sensory Nerves in the Maintenance of Psoriasis (1990)

This is a case report of two patients with chronic plaque psoriasis in whom cutaneous nerve damage resulted in clearance of the disease at that site. In both patients reappearance of the psoriasis occurred with recovery of cutaneous sensation. The role of cutaneous sensation in the maintenance of skin disorders and, in particular, the role of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are discussed.
Nuclear receptor corepressors partner with class II histone deacetylases in a Sin3-independent repression pathway (2000)

Transcriptional repression mediated by corepressors N-CoR and SMRT is a critical function of nuclear hormone receptors, and is dysregulated in human myeloid leukemias. At the present time, these corepressors are thought to act exclusively through an mSin3/HDAC1 complex. Surprisingly, however, numerous biochemical studies have not detected N-CoR or SMRT in mSin3- and HDAC1-containing complexes. Each corepressor contains multiple repression domains (RDs), the significance of which is unknown. Here we show that these RDs are nonredundant, and that one RD, which is conserved in N-CoR and SMRT, represses transcription by interacting directly with class II HDAC4 and HDAC5. Endogenous N-CoR and SMRT each associate with HDAC4 in a complex that does not contain mSin3A or HDAC1. This is the first example of a single corepressor utilizing distinct domains to engage multiple HDAC complexes. The alternative HDAC complexes may mediate specific repression pathways in normal as well as leukemic cells.
BOD (Bcl-2-Related Ovarian Death Gene) Is an Ovarian BH3 Domain-Containing Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Protein Capable of Dimerization with Diverse Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Members (1998)

Using the yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction system to search for genes capable of forming dimers with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, we have isolated BOD (Bcl-2-related ovarian death agonist) from an ovarian fusion cDNA library. The three variants of BOD (long, medium, and short) have an open reading frame of 196, 110, and 93 amino acids, respectively; all of them contain a consensus Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain but lack other BH domains found in channel-forming Bcl-2 family proteins. In the yeast cell assay, BOD interacts with diverse antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins[ Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Bfl-1, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BHRF-1] but not with different proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (BAD, Bak, Bok, and Bax). After overexpression in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, BOD induces apoptosis that can be prevented by the baculoviral caspase inhibitor P35. The cell-killing activity of BOD is also antagonized in cells cotransfected with the antiapoptotic Bcl-w protein, which showed high affinity for BOD in the two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies showed that BOD mutants with alterations in the BH3 domain lose cell-killing ability, suggesting that the BH3 domain is important for the mediation of cell killing by BOD. BOD mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in ovary and multiple other tissues. The BOD gene is also conserved in diverse mammalian species. Identification of BOD expands the group of proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins that only contains the BH3 domain and allows future elucidation of the intracellular mechanism for apoptosis regulation in ovary and other tissues.
The first and the final fifty nanoseconds of a fast focus discharge (1983)

Conventional plasma focus devices of different capacitor bank energy (kilojoules to megajoules) show very similar discharge behavior with respect to breakdown, compression, and pinch data. The use of SPEED 1—a plasma focus driven by a fast high impedance bank (voltage 200 kV, initial current rise &amp;gt;5×1012 A/sec, bank impedance 160 mΩ),—allowed the investigation of a 400 nsec discharge in a parameter range not previously accessible. Considerable improvement of current and neutron efficiency (30 A/J; 106/J) has been achieved as compared with values (≤20 A/J; 2×105/J) of conventional slow devices of equal energy (20 kJ). Exceptional compression dynamics (current derivative spike &amp;gt;1013 A/sec FWHM 10 nsec) is observed from electric signals. This is due to the current stabilizing effect of the high bank impedance and especially to improved current sheath structure (reduced thickness, enhanced conductivity). Current density and conductivity of the sheath depend on ignition parameters at breakdown (voltage, current rise), the low values of which are possibly responsible for the similarity of the discharge behavior of conventional devices. Conclusions on further improvements are drawn.
Rapid, Semiquantitative Assay To Discriminate among Compounds with Activity against Replicating or Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

The search for drugs that can kill replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis faces practical bottlenecks. Measurement of CFU and discrimination of bacteriostatic from bactericidal activity are costly in compounds, supplies, labor, and time. Testing compounds against M. tuberculosis under conditions that prevent the replication of M. tuberculosis often involves a second phase of the test in which conditions are altered to permit the replication of bacteria that survived the first phase. False-positive determinations of activity against nonreplicating M. tuberculosis may arise from carryover of compounds from the nonreplicating stage of the assay that act in the replicating stage. We mitigate these problems by carrying out a 96-well microplate liquid MIC assay and then transferring an aliquot of each well to a second set of plates in which each well contains agar supplemented with activated charcoal. After 7 to 10 days-about 2 weeks sooner than required to count CFU-fluorometry reveals whether M. tuberculosis bacilli in each well have replicated extensively enough to reduce a resazurin dye added for the final hour. This charcoal agar resazurin assay (CARA) distinguishes between bacterial biomasses in any two wells that differ by 2 to 3 log10 CFU. The CARA thus serves as a pretest and semiquantitative surrogate for longer, more laborious, and expensive CFU-based assays, helps distinguish bactericidal from bacteriostatic activity, and identifies compounds that are active under replicating conditions, nonreplicating conditions, or both. Results for 14 antimycobacterial compounds, including tuberculosis (TB) drugs, revealed that PA-824 (pretomanid) and TMC207 (bedaquiline) are largely bacteriostatic.
Adsorption of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Containing Block Copolymers: A Route to Protein Resistance (1996)

Adsorption of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Containing Block Copolymers: A Route to Protein Resistance
Allosteric Antagonism of Insect Odorant Receptor Ion Channels (2012)

Background: At a molecular level, insects utilize members of several highly divergent and unrelated families of cell-surface chemosensory receptors for detection of volatile odorants. Most odors are detected via a family of odorant receptors (ORs), which form heteromeric complexes consisting of a well-conserved OR co-receptor (Orco) ion channel and a non-conserved tuning OR that provides coding specificity to each complex. Orco functions as a non-selective cation channel and is expressed in the majority of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). As the destructive behaviors of many insects are principally driven by olfaction, Orco represents a novel target for behavior-based control strategies. While many natural and synthetic odorants have been shown to agonize Orco/Or complexes, only a single direct Orco modulator, VUAA1, has been described. In an effort to identify additional Orco modulators, we have investigated the structure/activity relationships around VUAA1.
Melanin transfer in human skin cells is mediated by filopodia—a model for homotypic and heterotypic lysosome‐related organelle transfer (2010)

Transfer of the melanocyte-specific and lysosome-related organelle, the melanosome, from melanocytes to keratinocytes is crucial for the protection of the skin against harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR)--our main physiological cutaneous stressor. However, this commonplace event remains a most enigmatic process despite several early hypotheses. Recently, we and others have proposed a role for filopodia in melanin transfer, although conclusive experimental proof remained elusive. Using known filopodial markers (MyoX/Cdc42) and the filopodial disrupter, low-dose cytochalasin-B, we demonstrate here a requirement for filopodia in melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes and also, unexpectedly, between keratinocytes. Melanin distribution throughout the skin represents the key phenotypic event in skin pigmentation. Melanocyte filopodia were also necessary for UVR-stimulated melanosome transfer, as this was also inhibited by MyoX knockdown and low-dose cytochalasin-B. Knockdown of keratinocyte MyoX protein, in its capacity as a phagocytosis effector, resulted in the inhibition of melanin uptake by keratinocytes. This indicates a central role for phagocytosis by keratinocytes of melanocyte filopodia. In summary, we propose a new model for the regulation of pigmentation in human skin cells under both constitutive and facultative (post-UVR) conditions, which we call the "filopodial-phagocytosis model." This model also provides a unique and highly accessible way to study lysosome-related organelle movement between mammalian cells.
Droplet-Interface Bilayer Technologies for Membrane Protein Analysis and Molecular Trafficking Measurements (2021)

Droplet-interface bilayers (DIBs) have been developed as a miniature model membrane system with distinct advantages over cell-based and other artificial membrane systems. This dissertation will describe a number of projects relating to DIB research, including: (i) the creation of new devices that allow the repeated addition and mixing of reagents to one side of a droplet-based membrane system; (ii) measurements of peptide and polymer mediated protein translocation across lipid bilayers; (iii) efforts to synthesize eukaryotic ion channels in DIBs; (iv) investigations on the asymmetric lipid dependence of the potassium channel KirBac1.1.
Automatic Classification Technique of Offence Pattern in Soccer Game using Neural Networks (2000)

In this paper, we suggest and test a classification technique of offence pattern from group formation to automatically index highlights of soccer games. A BP (Back-propagation) neural nets technique was applied to the information of the position of both the player and the ball on a ground, and the distance between the player and the ball to identify the group formation in space and time. The real soccer game scenes including '98 France World Cup were used to extract 297 video clips of various types of offence patterns; Left Running 60, Right Running 74, Center Running 72, Corner-kick 39 and Free-kick 52. The results are as follows: Left Running comes to 91.7%, Right Running 100%. Center Running 87.5%, Corner-kick 97.4% and Free-kick 75%, and these showed quite a satisfactory rate of recognition.
A Tripodal Ruthenium–Gadolinium Metallostar as a Potential αvβ3 Integrin Specific Bimodal Imaging Contrast Agent (2012)

Gd(III)-containing metallostar contrast agents are gaining increased attention, because their architecture allows for a slower tumbling rate, which, in turn, results in larger relaxivities. So far, these metallostars find possible applications as blood pool contrast agents. In this work, the first example of a tissue-selective metallostar contrast agent is described. This RGD-peptide decorated Ru(II)(Gd(III))(3)metallostar is synthesized as an α(v)β(3)-integrin specific contrast agent, with possible applications in the detection of atherosclerotic plaques and tumor angiogenesis. The contrast agent showed a relaxivity of 9.65 s(-1) mM(-1), which represents an increase of 170%, compared to a low-molecular-weight analogue, because of a decreased tumbling rate (τ(R) = 470 ps). The presence of the MLCT band (absorption 375-500 nm, emission 525-850 nm) of the central Ru(II)(Ph-Phen)(3)-based complex grants the metallostar attractive luminescent properties. The (3)MLCT emission is characterized by a quantum yield of 4.69% and a lifetime of 804 ns, which makes it an interesting candidate for time-gated luminescence imaging. The potential application as a selective MRI contrast agent for α(v)β(3)-integrin expressing tissues is shown by an in vitro relaxometric analysis, as well as an in vitroT(1)-weighted MR image.
Three-Dimensional Sulfur/Graphene Multifunctional Hybrid Sponges for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Large Areal Mass Loading (2014)

In this communication, we introduce the concept of three dimensional (3D) battery electrodes to enhance the capacity per footprint area for lithium-sulfur battery. In such a battery, 3D electrode of sulfur embedded into porous graphene sponges (S-GS) was directly used as the cathode with large areal mass loading of sulfur (12 mg cm(-2)), approximately 6-12 times larger than that of most reports. The graphene sponges (GS) worked as a framework that can provide high electronic conductive network, abilities to absorb the polysulfides intermediate, and meanwhile mechanical support to accommodate the volume changes during charge and discharge. As a result, the S-GS electrode with 80 wt.% sulfur can deliver an extremely high areal specific capacitance of 6.0 mAh cm(-2) of the 11(th) cycle, and maintain 4.2 mAh cm(-2) after 300 charge-discharge cycles at a rate of 0.1C, representing an extremely low decay rate (0.08% per cycle after 300 cycles), which could be the highest areal specific capacity with comparable cycle stability among the rechargeable Li/S batteries reported ever.
LOH analysis of genes around D4S2964 identifies ARD1B as a prognostic predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

LOH in genes around D4S2964 may play an important role in HCC development and progression. LOH in ARD1B and SEPT11 could serve as novel prognostic predictors in HCC patients.
"Quantamycin" - a computer-simulated new-generation inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal binding (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Quantamycin" - a computer-simulated new-generation inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal bindingStephen Hanessian, K. Sato, T. J. Liak, N. Danh, D. Dixit, and B. V. CheneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 20, 6114–6115Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00332a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00332a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Complete Sequence Analysis of the Genome of the Bacterium Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (1996)

The entire genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae M129 has been sequenced. It has a size of 816,394 base pairs with an average G+C content of 40.0 mol%. We predict 677 open reading frames (ORFs) and 39 genes coding for various RNA species. Of the predicted ORFs, 75.9% showed significant similarity to genes/proteins of other organisms while only 9.9% did not reveal any significant similarity to gene sequences in databases. This permitted us tentatively to assign a functional classification to a large number of ORFs and to deduce the biochemical and physiological properties of this bacterium. The reduction of the genome size of M. pneumoniae during its reductive evolution from ancestral bacteria can be explained by the loss of complete anabolic (e.g. no amino acid synthesis) and metabolic pathways. Therefore, M. pneumoniae depends in nature on an obligate parasitic lifestyle which requires the provision of exogenous essential metabolites. All the major classes of cellular processes and metabolic pathways are briefly described. For a number of activities/functions present in M. pneumoniae according to experimental evidence, the corresponding genes could not be identified by similarity search. For instance we failed to identify genes/proteins involved in motility, chemotaxis and management of oxidative stress.
Conversion of Heat to Electricity by Thermionic Emission (1959)

A heat engine and electric generator is described which is a vacuum or gas filled device containing a hot cathode and a cold anode. Heat at the cathode lifts electrons out of the cathode and to a high (negative) potential in the system. By collecting the electrons on a low work function surface, part of the potential energy may be retained to use in an external circuit. Thus part of the heat that lifts the electrons out of the cathode may be converted into electrical energy. Cs vapor filled tubes have been built and tested as thermionic converters. A hot surface ionized part of the Cs vapor to neutralize space charge between the cathode and anode. The Cs vapor was also used to adjust the work functions of the two surfaces. A thermionic converter has been built which converts 9.2% of the input heat into electricity. The output was 3.1 watts per cm2 of cathode surface—0.78 v at 4.0 amp per cm2 of cathode surface.