gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Glutamate System in Humans:Relevance to Drug Discovery for Schizophrenia (2009)

There is growing evidence for the involvement of glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia. Uncompetitive NMDA receptor ( NMDAR) antagonists induce effects closely resembling both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; candidate risk genes for schizophrenia converge on the NMDAR expressing synapse; and a recent trial of a drug with direct action at metabotropic glutamate autoreceptors has demonstrated equivalent efficacy to olanzapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Imaging the glutamate system in humans in vivo poses a number of difficulties, and has progressed slowly in comparison to the relative ease of dopamine imaging. Indirect imaging of the glutamate system is possible using pharmacological challenges targeting the glutamate system combined with fMRI, PET or SPECT imaging. There are two methods of directly estimating glutamatergic neurotransmission in living patients using neuroimaging at present: [123I] CNS-1261 SPECT ( measuring NMDAR binding), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of glutamate and glutamine. Both methods have yielded some intriguing insights into glutamatergic abnormalities and their relevance to psychotic symptoms. In this review, the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia, and its relationship to current findings in glutamate imaging in psychosis to this hypothesis will be discussed. The possibility of developing new drugs for schizophrenia in light of these findings will then be considered.
Psoriasin (S100A7) expression is associated with poor outcome in estrogen receptor-negative invasive breast cancer. (2003)

These results suggest that psoriasin expression may be associated with a worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinomas and raise the possibility that psoriasin expression may also be an indicator of risk of progression in ductal carcinoma in situ.
Cloning and characterization of srfB, a regulatory gene involved in surfactin production and competence in Bacillus subtilis (1989)

A Tn917 insertion mutation srfB impairs the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin in Bacillus subtilis. srfB is located between aroG and ald in the B. subtilis genome, as determined by phage PBS1 transduction mapping, and is not linked to the previously described surfactin loci sfp or srfA. A srfB mutant was found to be also deficient in the establishment of competence. SP beta phage-mediated complementation analysis showed that both competence and surfactin production were restored in the srfB mutant by a single DNA fragment of 1.5 kilobase pairs. The sequence of the complementing DNA revealed that the srfB gene is comA, an early competence gene which codes for a product similar to that of the activator class of bacterial two-component regulatory systems. The srfB mutation impaired the expression of a srfA-lacZ fusion, suggesting that surfactin production is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the srfB (comA) gene product.
Nanoparticle injector for photonic manipulators using dielectrophoresis (2019)

We describe the concept of a dielectrophoretic nanoparticle injector and its use in a plasmonic/photonic-based nanoparticle manipulation system. Particle motion is achieved by generating an electrostatic, non-uniform field between two tilted plates and applying the corresponding dielectrophoretic force to net-neutral nanoparticles. We investigate the dependence the dielectrophoretic force has on the plate angle of the charged plates as well as their separation distance, dielectric filler material, and exit interface membrane. Our results indicate an increasing average and maximum dielectrophoretic force attainable in the axial direction with corresponding decreasing plate angle and gap distance. The model also predicts larger field variation and deviation from the average with smaller plate angle and gap distance. Lastly, we conclude that the nanoparticles must be suspended in a dielectric medium with permittivity greater than their own permittivity so that their net motion is outward through the exit interface membrane and into the manipulator system.
B7RP-1 Blockade Ameliorates Autoimmunity through Regulation of Follicular Helper T Cells (2009)

Autoimmune diseases are marked by the presence of class-switched, high-affinity autoantibodies with pathogenic potential. Costimulation plays an important role in the activation of T cells and the development of T cell-dependent B cell responses. ICOS plays an indispensable role in the development of follicular helper T cells (T(FH) cells), which provide cognate help to germinal center (GC) B cells. We show that the levels of T(FH) cells and GC B cells in two different models of autoimmunity, the New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW) F(1) mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus and the collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis, are dependent on the maintenance of the ICOS/B7RP-1 pathway. Treatment with an anti-B7RP-1 Ab ameliorates disease manifestations and leads to a decrease in T(FH) cells and GC B cells as well as an overall decrease in the frequency of ICOS(+) T cells. Coculture experiments of Ag-primed B cells with CXCR5(+) or CXCR5(-) T cells show that blocking B7RP-1 does not directly impact the production of IgG by B cells. These findings further support the role of ICOS in autoimmunity and suggest that the expansion of the T(FH) cell pool is an important mechanism by which ICOS regulates Ab production.
Ketamine for Bipolar Depression (2012)

Evidence is accumulating for ketamine's acute antidepressant effect lasting up to a few weeks in unipolar depression (see JW Psychiatry Jan 3 2011). In
Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Alzheimer’s disease (2003)

Plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 increase with age and are strongly correlated with each other. Plasma A[beta]40 and A[beta]42 levels are elevated in some patients before and during the early stages of AD but decline thereafter. High plasma A[beta]42 levels may also be associated with mortality in patients with AD.
GDF11 modulates NGN3+ islet progenitor cell number and promotes β-cell differentiation in pancreas development (2004)

Identification of endogenous signals that regulate expansion and maturation of organ-specific progenitor cells is a major goal in studies of organ development. Here we provide evidence that growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the TGF-beta ligand family, governs the number and maturation of islet progenitor cells in mouse pancreas development. Gdf11 is expressed in embryonic pancreatic epithelium during formation of islet progenitor cells that express neurogenin 3. Mice deficient for Gdf11 harbor increased numbers of NGN3+ cells, revealing that GDF11 negatively regulates production of islet progenitor cells. Despite a marked expansion of these NGN3+ islet progenitors, mice lacking Gdf11 have reduced beta-cell numbers and evidence of arrested beta-cell development, indicating that GDF11 is also required for beta-cell maturation. Similar precursor and islet cell phenotypes are observed in mice deficient for SMAD2, an intracellular signaling factor activated by TGF-beta signals. Our data suggest that Gdf11 and Smad2 regulate islet cell differentiation in parallel to the Notch pathway, which previously has been shown to control development of NGN3+ cells. Thus, our studies reveal mechanisms by which GDF11 regulates the production and maturation of islet progenitor cells in pancreas development.
Real-time quantitative hydrocarbon gas imaging with the gas cloud imager (GCI) (2012)

The gas cloud imager (GCI) is a passive uncooled multispectral camera capable of unprecedented sensitivity for analyzing hydrocarbon gas mixtures in a scene. The GCI is currently finishing its final stages of development, and promises to obtain a 220×220 image of gas concentrations at 30 frames/sec, allowing for real-time display in a compact instrument without moving parts. We summarize measurement approach and discuss the advantages of the GCI instrument design against conventional instruments.
The Bottleneck Geodesic: Computing Pixel Affinity (2006)

A meaningful affinity measure between pixels is essential for many computer vision and image processing applications. We propose an algorithm that works in the features’ histogram to compute image specific affinity measures. We use the observation that clusters in the feature space are typically smooth, and search for a path in the feature space between feature points that is both short and dense. Failing to find such a path indicates that the points are separated by a bottleneck in the histogram and therefore belong to different clusters. We call this new affinity measure the "Bottleneck Geodesic". Empirically we demonstrate the superior results achieved by using our affinities as opposed to those using the widely used Euclidean metric, traditional geodesics and the simple bottleneck.
Mechanism and Application of NMOS Leakage with Intra-Well Isolation Breakdown by Voltage Contrast Detection (2013)

An innovative application of voltage-contrast (VC) inspection allowed inline detection of NMOS leakage in dense SRAM cells is presented. Cell sizes of SRAM are continual to do the shrinkage with bit density promotion as semiconductor technology advanced, but the resulting challenges include not only development of smaller-scale devices, but also intra-devices isolation. The NMOS leakage caused by the underneath n+/P-well shorted to the adjacent PMOS/N-well was inspected by the proposed electron-beam (e-beam) scan in which VC images were compared during the in-line process step of post contact tungsten (W) CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization) instead of end-of-line electrical test, which has a long response time. A series of experiments based on the mechanism for improving the intra-well isolation was performed and verified by the inline VC inspection. An optimal process-integration condition involved to the tradeoff between the implant dosage and photo CD was carried out.
Preparation of an optically active prostaglandin intermediate via asymmetric induction (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of an optically active prostaglandin intermediate via asymmetric inductionE. J. Corey and Harry E. EnsleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 23, 6908–6909Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00856a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00856a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6777Altmetric-Citations401LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the terminal regions of hepatitis C viral RNA: identification of conserved sequences in the 5' untranslated region and poly(A) tails at the 3' end. (1991)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence at the extreme 5' and 3' termini of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Our analyses of these sequences show (i) the nucleotide sequence in the 5' untranslated region is highly conserved among HCV isolates of widely varying geographical origin, (ii) within this region, there are blocks of nucleotide sequence homology with pestiviruses but not with other viruses, (iii) the relative position of short open reading frames present in the same region of the HCV genome is similar to that of the pestiviral genome, (iv) RNAs truncated at the 5' and 3' ends are found, but the origin and functions of these RNAs are unknown, and (v) poly(A) tails appear to be present on 3' subgenomic RNAs. These data differentiate HCV from the flaviviruses and indicate a closer evolutionary relationship of HCV with the pestiviruses. However, HCV also appears to be substantially different from other known pestiviruses. These data are consistent with the assignment of HCV to a separate viral genus.
Characterization of two Maize HSP90 heat shock protein genes: Expression during heat shock, embryogenesis, and pollen development (1993)

We have isolated two genes from Zea mays encoding proteins of 82 and 81 kD that are highly homologous to the Drosophila 83-kD heat shock protein gene and have analyzed the structure and pattern of expression of these two genes during heat shock and development. Southern blot analysis and hybrid select translations indicate that the highly homologous hsp82 and hsp81 genes are members of a small multigene family composed of at least two and perhaps three or more gene family members. The deduced amino acid sequence of these proteins based on the nucleotide sequence of the coding regions shows 64-88% amino acid homology to other hsp90 family genes from human, yeast, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. The promoter regions of both the hsp82 and hsp81 genes contain several heat shock elements (HSEs), which are putative binding sites for heat shock transcription factor (HSF) commonly found in the promoters of other heat shock genes. Gene-specific oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and used to examine the mRNA expression patterns of the hsp81 and hsp82 genes during heat shock, embryogenesis, and pollen development. The hsp81 gene is only mildly heat inducible in leaf tissue, but is strongly expressed in the absence of heat shock during the pre-meiotic and meiotic prophase stages of pollen development and in embryos, as well as in heat-shocked embryos and tassels. The hsp82 gene shows strong heat inducibility at heat-shock temperatures (37-42 degrees C) and in heat shocked embryos and tassels but is only weakly expressed in the absence of heat shock. Promoter-GUS reporter gene fusions made and analyzed by transient expression assays in Black Mexican Sweet (BMS) Maize protoplasts also indicate that the hsp82 and hsp81 are regulated differentially. The hsp82 promoter confers strong heat-inducible expression of the GUS reporter gene in heat-treated cells (60- to 80-fold over control levels), whereas the hsp81 promoter is only weakly heat inducible (5- to 10-fold over control levels).
Cardiac ischemia in patients with septic shock randomized to vasopressin or norepinephrine (2013)

Controlled-trials.com ISRCTN94845869.
The G2/M Regulator 14-3-3ς Prevents Apoptosis through Sequestration of Bax (2001)

In response to DNA damage and genotoxic stress, the p53 tumor suppressor triggers either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The G(2) arrest after damage is, in part, mediated by the p53 target, 14-3-3final sigma (final sigma). Colorectal tumor cells lacking final sigma are exquisitely sensitive to DNA damage. Here we analyzed the mechanism of this sensitivity in final sigma(-/-) as compared with final sigma(+/+) human colorectal tumor cells. Exposure to adriamycin resulted in rapid apoptosis only in final sigma(-/-) cells. This was further characterized by caspase-3 activation, p21(CIP1) cleavage, and CDK2 activation. Moreover, Bax was rapidly translocated out of the cytoplasm, and cytochrome c was released in final sigma(-/-) cells. Transient adenovirus-mediated reconstitution of final sigma in the final sigma(-/-) cells led to effective rescue of this phenotype and protected cells against apoptosis. The association of final sigma, Bax, and CDK1 in protein complexes may be the basis for this antiapoptotic mechanism. In conclusion, final sigma not only enforces the p53-dependent G(2) arrest but also delays the apoptotic signal transduction.
Prognostics and diagnostics of conflicts and errors with prevention and detection logic (2009)

The objective of this research is to design and develop effective methods to prevent and detect conflicts and errors (CEs) through prognostics and diagnostics. The Centralized Conflict and Error Prevention and Detection (CEPD) Logic and Decentralized CEPD Logic are developed for prognostics and diagnostics over three types of real-world constraint networks: random network (RN), scale-free network (SFN), and Bose-Einstein condensation network (BECN). The CEPD logic is compared with the Traditional CEPD Algorithm using four performance measures: total CEPD time (TT), CE coverage ability (CA), CE prognostics ability (PA), and total damage (TD ). Analytical and experiment results show that (1) compared to the Centralized Logic and Traditional Algorithm, the Decentralized Logic is preferred and requires the least TT (80% less), obtains the largest CA and PA (two times larger), and minimizes TD (50% less); (2) if the Decentralized Logic cannot be applied for certain reasons, e.g., communication disruptions between distributed agents, the Network-Adaptive Centralized Logic should be used to obtain larger CA and PA (10 times larger) and smaller TD (at least 10% smaller) compared to the Traditional Algorithm.
Pharmacokinetics and cancer: successes, failures and future prospects. (1993)

Cancer pharmacokinetics has made an enormous contribution to the development and optimization of cancer therapy. While consolidating its position and subjecting itself to prospective clinical trials in areas of established pharmacology, it needs also to keep constantly on the move in order to respond to the challenging demands of more futuristic approaches. Antibodies, cytokines, nucleic acid drugs and therapeutic genes will be metabolized and excreted and will in addition display special difficulties in terms of tissue and cell uptake. Pharmacokinetic considerations must accompany all new experimental therapies for scientific reasons as well as to fulfil regulatory requirements (Peck et al, 1992). The very latest approaches will understandably be seen by many practising clinicians as science fiction--for example obtaining a genetic fingerprint of a patient's tumour in order to guide corrective therapy, whether it be based on a chemical drug or a replacement gene. But it is from such speculative attempts that the real breakthroughs of the future may follow and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies are essential to these efforts. In terms of the role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in day to day management of individual patients, we do need to be more pragmatic. We must address tough questions such as: Can the assays be conducted on a routine basis? Do the measurements affect treatment outcome? Are they cost effective? Will they actually be used by clinical and nursing staff in a busy hospital environment? There is ample evidence in the following pages that pharmacokinetics will continue to prove vital to support both routine patient management and the exciting new approaches to cancer therapy.
<title>Development of fiber sensors for structural monitoring</title> (1995)

This paper describes an instrumentation technique for 'reading' multiple fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, and focuses on a prototype system designed and built for the FHWA for multipoint monitoring of strain in concrete structures.
Photolithographic Patterning of C2C12 Myotubes using Vitronectin as Growth Substrate in Serum‐Free Medium (2007)

The C2C12 cell line is frequently used as a model of skeletal muscle differentiation. In our serum-free defined culture system, differentiation of C2C12 cells into myotubes required surface-bound signals such as substrate-adsorbed vitronectin or laminin. On the basis of this substrate requirement of myotube formation, we developed a photolithography-based method to pattern C2C12 myotubes, where myotubes formed exclusively on vitronectin surface patterns. We have determined that the optimal line width to form single myotubes is approximately 30 mum. To illustrate a possible application of this method, we patterned myotubes on the top of commercial substrate-embedded microelectrodes. In contrast to previous experiments where cell patterning was achieved by selective attachment of the cells to patterned surfaces in a medium that contained all of the factors necessary for differentiation, this study illustrates that surface patterning of a signaling molecule, which is essential for skeletal muscle differentiation in a defined system, can result in the formation of aligned myotubes on the patterns. This technique is being developed for applications in cell biology, tissue engineering, and robotics.
NSAIDs Inhibit Tumorigenesis, but How? (2013)

Numerous epidemiologic studies have reported that the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with a significant decrease in cancer incidence and delayed progression of malignant disease. The use of NSAIDs has also been linked with reduced risk from cancer-related mortality and distant metastasis. Certain prescription-strength NSAIDs, such as sulindac, have been shown to cause regression of precancerous lesions. Unfortunately, the extended use of NSAIDs for chemoprevention results in potentially fatal side effects related to their COX-inhibitory activity and suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. Although the basis for the tumor growth-inhibitory activity of NSAIDs likely involves multiple effects on tumor cells and their microenvironment, numerous investigators have concluded that the underlying mechanism is not completely explained by COX inhibition. It may therefore be possible to develop safer and more efficacious drugs by targeting such COX-independent mechanisms. NSAID derivatives or metabolites that lack COX-inhibitory activity, but retain or have improved anticancer activity, support this possibility. Experimental studies suggest that apoptosis induction and suppression of β-catenin-dependent transcription are important aspects of their antineoplastic activity. Studies show that the latter involves phosphodiesterase inhibition and the elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP levels. Here, we review the evidence for COX-independent mechanisms and discuss progress toward identifying alternative targets and developing NSAID derivatives that lack COX-inhibitory activity but have improved antineoplastic properties.
An acyl‐carrier‐protein – thioesterase domain from the 6‐deoxyerythronolide B synthase of Saccharopolyspora erythraea (1991)

The C-terminal region of a multifunctional polypeptide from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase of Saccharopolyspora erythraea is predicted to contain an acyl carrier protein and a thioesterase or acyltransferase activity [Cortes, J., Haydock, S. F., Roberts, G. A., Bevitt, D. J. & Leadlay, P. F. (1990) Nature 348, 176-178]. Site-directed mutagenesis by means of the polymerase chain reaction was used to construct an efficient pT7-based expression plasmid for this domain. The recently developed technique of electrospray mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate that the purified protein had not been post-translationally modified by attachment of a 4'-phosphopantetheine group. However, treatment with the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride led to highly selective labelling of the predicted active site of the thioesterase or acyltransferase.
Synergistic antiviral effects of antiherpes compounds and human leukocyte interferon on varicella-zoster virus in vitro (1984)

The four antiherpes compounds acyclovir, adenine arabinoside, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, and phosphonoformic acid showed an additive to synergistic effect with human leukocyte interferon in inhibiting focus formation by three different strains of varicella-zoster virus in human embryonic fibroblasts.