gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of IgG Antibody Thermal Stability by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1995)

Monitoring the stability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) type antibodies is a crucial analytical issue spanning a wide variety of immunological/biotechnological studies, which includes the analysis of conjugated IgG's for drug delivery. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has proven valuable for the analysis of proteins and has the potential to separate and detect native antibody components. An ideal complement to CE, which is capable of providing the desired detection specificity to provide species identification information, is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Utilizing these two techniques we have developed an antibody examination procedure and monitored the degradation of an internalizing chimeric (human/mouse) monoclonal antibody (BR96). Electropherograms of the antibody after up to 166 h of thermal stress are presented; MALDI mass spectra of the stressed antibody were acquired at the same time points. At 166 h, the percentage of ionization carried by the intact antibody molecular ions M+, M2+, etc., had clearly decreased, while that due to additional ion species had significantly increased. Ions corresponding in mass to loss of one light chain, loss of an Fab arm to yield an Fab/c type fragment, and formation of separated heavy-chain and light-chain moieties were observed. Several of these fragments result from simple disulfide linkage disruption. In addition, species less in mass than common antibody subunits were also observed, demonstrating peptide as well as disulfide bond cleavage. The observation that a small number of well-defined species were formed during the study suggests that the cleavage induced by thermal stress is very site-specific within the IgG.
A Transition State Analogue for an RNA-Editing Reaction (2004)

Deamination at C6 of adenosine in RNA catalyzed by the ADAR enzymes generates inosine at the corresponding position. Because inosine is decoded as guanosine during translation, this modification can lead to codon changes in messenger RNA. Hydration of 8-azanebularine across the C6-N1 double bond generates an excellent mimic of the transition state proposed for the hydrolytic deamination reaction catalyzed by ADARs. Here, we report the synthesis of a phosphoramidite of 8-azanebularine and its use in the preparation of RNAs mimicking the secondary structure found at a known editing site in the glutamate receptor B subunit pre-mRNA. The binding properties of analogue-containing RNAs indicate that a tight binding ligand for an ADAR can be generated by incorporation of 8-azanebularine. The observed high-affinity binding is dependent on a functional active site, the presence of one, but not the other, of ADAR2's two double-stranded RNA-binding motifs (dsRBMs), and the correct placement of the nucleoside analogue into the sequence/structural context of a known editing site. These results advance our understanding of substrate recognition during ADAR-catalyzed RNA editing and are important for structural studies of ADAR.RNA complexes.
Synthesis of ( – )-Biopterin Using (S)-Ethyl Lactate as a Starting Material (1989)

( – )-Biopterin was synthesized from (1S,2S)-1-(1,3-dithian-2-yl) propane-1,2-diol 5 ( = C), which was derived from commercially available (S)-ethyl lactate. Diol 5 (= C) was converted to 15 through a six-step sequence. Ketone 15 was submitted to condensation with 3,5,6-triaminopyrimidinol (TAP, 2), and followed by oxidation to afford isopropylidenebiopterin (16). Finally, 16 was deprotected to give ( – )-biopterin (1).
Preparation and Properties of Novel Hydrogels from Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Cross‐Linked Chitosan for in vitro Drug Delivery (2007)

In this paper, a novel composite hydrogel was prepared by the use of dialdehyde konjac glucomannan (DAK) as macromolecular cross-linking agent for chitosan (CS). This biocompatible material cross-links and gels in minutes. The structure and morphology were characterized by various analyses. The results indicate that the hydrogels formed through the Schiff-base reaction between the amino groups of CS chains and the aldehyde groups of DAK. The cross-link density (rho(x)) increases with the enhancement of DAK content in hydrogels, while equilibrium swelling ratio (SR) and the average molecular weight between cross-links (Mc) value decrease. Drug release was evaluated by varying the pH of the release medium, reversed dependence of release rate on the equilibrium SR of hydrogel indicated that drug release may be impeded by the association of drug with the polymer. Importantly, this process offers an entirely new window of materials preparation when compared with the traditional preparation of CS-based hydrogels with small molecules cross-linking agent.
N-Chloroazasteroids. A novel class of reactive steroid analogs. Preparation, reaction with thiols, and photochemical conversion to electrophilic N-acyl imines (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Chloroazasteroids. A novel class of reactive steroid analogs. Preparation, reaction with thiols, and photochemical conversion to electrophilic N-acyl iminesThomas G. Back and Kurt BrunnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 8, 1904–1910Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00269a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Using microvascular decompression of nervous reduces to treat primary prosopalgian and prosopospasm] (1996)

Primary prosopalgian and prosopospasm are common clinical problems considered obstinate diseases without effective therapy in the past.Since June 1990,microvascular decompression of nervous reduces in pontocerebellar corner by posterior pathway of sigmodeus sinus has been performed on 141 patients with porsopalgian 117 cases and prosopospasm 24 cases.All patients were cured with the operation only once,which were no recurrence followed up from 6 months to 4 years and 6 months.This report elaborates the method and precaution of the operation,it also discusses the causes.
Volume leases for consistency in large-scale systems (1999)

This article introduces volume leases as a mechanism for providing server-driven cache consistency for large-scale, geographically distributed networks. Volume leases retain the good performance, fault tolerance, and server scalability of the semantically weaker client-driven protocols that are now used on the Web. Volume leases are a variation of object leases, which were originally designed for distributed file systems. However, whereas traditional object leases amortize overheads over long lease periods, volume leases exploit spatial locality to amortize overheads across multiple objects in a volume. This approach allows systems to maintain good write performance even in the presence of failures. Using trace-driven simulation, we compare three volume lease algorithms against four existing cache consistency algorithms and show that our new algorithms provide strong consistency while maintaining scalability and fault-tolerance. For a trace-based workload of Web accesses, we find that volumes can reduce message traffic at servers by 40 percent compared to a standard lease algorithm, and that volumes can considerably reduce the peak load at servers when popular objects are modified.
Novel compounds with antiproliferative activity against imatinib-resistant cell lines (2007)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by the Bcr-Abl hybrid gene that encodes the p210Bcr-Abl chimeric oncoprotein. Although it reduces the total body burden of leukemia cells, the use of imatinib mesylate as a single agent may be accompanied by the evolution of resistance due mainly to the acquisition of point mutations. Imatinib has been combined with drugs that inhibit both the active and the inactive states of the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. These combinations have reduced but not completely eliminated the rate at which point mutations are acquired in the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. Thus, it is important to identify additional new inhibitors of the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. One possible method to prevent evolution of resistance is to simultaneously use multiple kinase inhibitors each with a different mechanism of action. To identify such a new class of inhibitors that could suppress the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and prevent the evolution of cells that are resistant to imatinib, we screened two low-complexity libraries of compounds based on planar and linear scaffolds. These libraries were screened using a cell-based assay for molecules that suppress p210Bcr-Abl-dependent cell growth. The application of this method resulted in the isolation of two new classes of drugs, both of which inhibited imatinib-resistant cells in the low micromolar range. Some of these drugs were potent inhibitors not only of Abl tyrosine kinase but also of the Src, Lyn, and Fyn tyrosine kinases.
Angiopoietin‐1‐induced phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase activation prevents neuronal apoptosis (2003)

Although angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is recognized as an endothelial growth factor, its presence in brain following an ischemic event suggests a role in the evolution of neuronal damage. Using primary neuronal cultures, we showed that neurons express Ang-1 and possess the functional angiopoietin-receptor Tie-2, which is phosphorylated in the presence of Ang-1. We further investigated in vitro whether Ang-1 could protect neurons against either excitotoxic necrosis or apoptosis induced by serum deprivation (SD). A neuroprotective effect for Ang-1 was detected exclusively in the apoptotic paradigm. Treatment of cells with the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited Ang-1-induced phosphorylation of Akt, restored the cleavage of the effector caspase-3, and reduced the protective effect of Ang-1 against SD-induced toxicity. These findings suggest that Ang-1 has a neuroprotective effect against apoptotic stress and that this effect is dependent on the PI3-K/Akt pathway and inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage. This study provides evidence that Ang-1 is not just angiogenic but also neuroprotective. The understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms induced by Ang-1 may promote strategies based on the pleiotropic effects of angiogenic factors. Such approaches could be useful for the treatment of brain diseases in which both neuronal death and angiogenesis are involved.
Community Relations: An Impetus for Educational Growth and Development in Nigeria (2014)

Community Relations is one indispensable factor for growth and development especially in a fast changing society like Nigeria- As fracas between institutions of learning and their host communities has become a reoccurring trend in Nigeria, it is imperative to adopt community relations in order to not just enjoy a mutual relationship but to boost academic growth and development. This paper examines, using literature study as a method, the importance of community relation in strengthening academic growth and development in Nigeria. The paper concludes that if properly harnessed, community relation would certainly enhance the performance of institutions in Nigeria
A low magnification focused ion beam system with 8 nm spot size (1991)

A 50 keV Ga+ beam has been focused to a spot diameter of 8 nm (full width at half-maximum) in our two-lens microprobe system by reducing the contributions of both chromatic aberration and the virtual ion source size to the final image size. Features as small as 6 to 8 nm were distinctly visible in scanning ion images. To our knowledge, this is the smallest focused beam of ions produced to date. The limiting resolution in 30-nm thick films of poly(methylmethacrylate) exposed with this beam was approximately 8 to 10 nm. Effects such as ion scattering, atomic recoil, and statistical dose fluctuations during exposure are believed to set inherent limits to the lithographic resolution.
Phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. (1987)

Natural killer (NK)3 cells are large granular lymphocytes that appear to play a significant role in the host's defense against viral infection. We performed an extensive phenotypic and functional characterization of NK cells on 41 patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), or "chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection" syndrome, and on 23 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control subjects in an attempt to further characterize this illness. These studies demonstrated that a majority of patients with CFS have low numbers of NKH1+T3- lymphocytes, a population that represents the great majority of NK cells in normal individuals. CFS patients had normal numbers of NKH1+T3+ lymphocytes, a population that represents a relatively small fraction of NK cells in normal individuals. When tested for cytotoxicity against a variety of different target cells, patients with CFS consistently demonstrated low levels of killing. After activation of cytolytic activity with recombinant interleukin 2, patients were able to display increased killing against K562 but most patients remained unable to lyse Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cell targets. Additional cytotoxicity experiments were carried out utilizing anti-T3 monoclonal antibody to block killing by NKH1+T3+ cells. These experiments indicated that the NK cell that appears to be responsible for much of the functional activity remaining in patients with CFS belongs to the NKH1+T3+ subset, which under normal circumstances represents only approximately 20% of the NK cell population.
Building a better data warehouse (1997)

Reality and vision data warehousing 101 project management choose your weapons data modelling administration extraction meta data show me the data construction, testing, rollout.
Recognition of influenza-infected cells by cytolytic T lymphocyte clones: determinant selection by class I restriction elements. (1983)

The fine specificity of virus recognition by influenza A/PR8/34(H1N1)-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones was analyzed with the use of a panel of syngeneic target cells infected with five heterologous influenza A strain viruses. Forty-five H-2 D-end-restricted CTL clones from B10.A(5R) responders (Dd,Ld) demonstrated 14 different patterns of recognition. Many of these clonotypes were able to distinguish between closely related viruses of the same subtype. Such discriminatory capacity, however, was often accompanied by cross-reactivity against a distantly related viral subtype. This supports the contention that virus-specific CTL see different structures than do virus-specific antibodies. A similar analysis of the fine specificity of 60 Db-restricted clones from C57BL/6 responders was performed. The vast majority of this response was composed of clonotypes not observed in the B10.A(5R) response. In addition, the hierarchy of relatedness between the virus strain used for immunization and the various heterologous viruses was different in C57BL/6 and B10.A(5R). In contrast, the D-end-restricted response of Balb/c (Dd,Ld) demonstrated clonotypes similar to those found in B10.A(5R). These data suggest that determinant recognition in an anti-viral CTL response is a function of the H-2 restricting elements, and this is discussed in the context of determinant selection by class I molecules.
Vergleichende Studie zur Therapie des Trockenen Auges bedingt durch Lipidphasenstörungen mit lipidhaltigen Tränenpräparaten (2006)

The treatment with phospholipids liposomes shows statistically significant clinical advantages and proves to be favourably and explicitly superior compared to the conventional standard treatment all in all.
Platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction on the blood vessel wall. (1997)

Leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells interact at sites of vascular injury and inflammation through adhesion receptors on the cell surface. On binding of ligand to receptor, these receptors initiate intracellular signaling that leads to the modulation of several biological properties of the cells involved. These finely regulated processes involve several classes of cell adhesion molecules: integrins, immunoglobulin-like proteins, selectins, and mucin-like proteins as well as an array of soluble mediators. Interaction of these cell adhesion molecules serves to recruit circulating cells to the blood vessel endothelium or to accumulated platelets on the vessel wall and to foster cell-cell communication. The importance of these interactions to inflammation, blood coagulation, and the immune response is outlined.
Low-threshold cw Raman laser (1976)

Continuous-wave Raman oscillation has been obtained employing single-mode glass fibers in a Fabry-Perot resonator configuration. The pump-power input to the Raman laser required to reach threshold is 5 W of which approximately 50% is coupled into the fiber. The dominant oscillation of the Raman laser is at 499.1 nm with a 488.0-nm pump source.
The Hepatitis C Virus Non-structural NS5A Protein Impairs Both the Innate and Adaptive Hepatic Immune Response in Vivo (2009)

The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein non-structural (NS) 5A in HCV-associated pathogenesis is still enigmatic. To investigate the in vivo role of NS5A for viral persistence and virus-associated pathogenesis a transgenic (Tg) mouse model was established. Mice with liver-targeted NS5A transgene expression were generated using the albumin promoter. Alterations in the hepatic immune response were determined by Western blot, infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and using transient NS3/4A Tg mice generated by hydrodynamic injection. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was investigated by the Cr-release assay. The stable NS5A Tg mice did not reveal signs of spontaneous liver disease. The intrahepatic immunity was disrupted in the NS5A Tg mice as determined by clearance of LCMV infection or transiently NS3/4A Tg hepatocytes in vivo. This impaired immunity was explained by a reduced induction of interferon beta, 2',5'-OAS, and PKR after LCMV infection and an impairment of the CTL-mediated elimination of NS3-expressing hepatocytes. In conclusion, these data indicate that in the present transgenic mouse model, NS5A does not cause spontaneous liver disease. However, we discovered that NS5A could impair both the innate and the adaptive immune response to promote chronic HCV infection.
Extended Upstream A-T Sequence Increases T7 Promoter Strength (2005)

Bacteriophage T7 promoters contain a consensus sequence from -17 to +6 relative to the transcription start site, +1. In addition, the strong class III promoters are characterized by an extended AT-rich region upstream of -17, which is often interrupted by one or more GC base pairs in the weaker class II promoters. Herein we studied the role of the AT-rich region upstream of -17 in transcription regulation of T7 RNA polymerase. Equilibrium DNA binding studies with promoter fragments of consensus sequence truncated at various positions between -17 and -27 showed that the polymerase-promoter complex is significantly stabilized as the upstream AT-rich sequence is extended to and beyond -22. Similarly, promoters in which the AT-rich region from -17 to -22 is interrupted by several GC base pairs showed weak binding. Kinetic studies indicated that the presence of extended AT-rich sequence slows the dissociation rate constant of the polymerase-promoter complex and slightly stimulates the association rate constant, thereby increasing the stability of the complex. Measurement of the transcription activity revealed that the extended AT-rich region does not affect the kinetics of abortive synthesis up to the formation of 8-nucleotide RNA but causes accumulation of longer abortive products between 9 and 13 nucleotides. The observed effects of the upstream DNA region were AT sequence-specific, and the results suggested a larger role for the extended AT-rich sequence that has been unappreciated previously. We propose that the AT-rich DNA sequence upstream of -17 plays a role in modulating the efficiency of transcription initiation by affecting both the affinity of T7 RNA polymerase for the promoter and the efficiency of promoter clearance.
Inhibition of Hyaluronan Synthase-3 Decreases Subcutaneous Colon Cancer Growth by Increasing Apoptosis (2011)

Hyaluronan (HA) and hyaluronan synthases (HAS) have been implicated in cancer growth and progression. We previously have shown that HAS3 and HA mediate tumor growth in SW620 colon cancer cells, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. In addition, the effect of HAS3 inhibition on tumor growth with other cells lines has not been explored. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of HAS3 in highly tumorigenic HCT116 colon cancer cells would decrease tumor growth and that the underlying mechanism would involve altering proliferation and/or apoptosis. HAS3 expression was inhibited by transfection with siRNA; a scrambled sequence served as a control. Stable transfectants were injected into the flanks of nude mice and tumor growth followed for 30 days. Proliferation and apoptosis were then assessed in the harvested tumors. Results were compared using the Students' t-test and ANOVA where appropriate. siRNA transfection decreased HAS3 expression, protein production, and pericellular HA retention, and decreased in vivo tumor growth. Proliferation was unaffected in the HCT116 tumors, but increased slightly in the SW620 tumors. In contrast, HAS3 inhibition significantly increased apoptosis in all tumors. HAS3 inhibition decreases subcutaneous tumor growth by colon cancer cells and significantly increases apoptosis with less effect on proliferation. These data show that HAS3 and HA mediate colon cancer growth by inhibiting apoptosis.