gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aural Proxies and Directionally-Varying Reverberation for Interactive Sound Propagation in Virtual Environments (2013)

We present an efficient algorithm to compute spatially-varying, direction-dependent artificial reverberation and reflection filters in large dynamic scenes for interactive sound propagation in virtual environments and video games. Our approach performs Monte Carlo integration of local visibility and depth functions to compute directionally-varying reverberation effects. The algorithm also uses a dynamically-generated rectangular aural proxy to efficiently model 2-4 orders of early reflections. These two techniques are combined to generate reflection and reverberation filters which vary with the direction of incidence at the listener. This combination leads to better sound source localization and immersion. The overall algorithm is efficient, easy to implement, and can handle moving sound sources, listeners, and dynamic scenes, with minimal storage overhead. We have integrated our approach with the audio rendering pipeline in Valve's Source game engine, and use it to generate realistic directional sound propagation effects in indoor and outdoor scenes in real-time. We demonstrate, through quantitative comparisons as well as evaluations, that our approach leads to enhanced, immersive multi-modal interaction.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Anilino Benzimidazoles (1997)

Abstract A series of 2‐(anilino or 2,6‐dichloroanilino)‐1,5(6)‐disubstituted‐1 H ‐benzimidazoles ( 1–43 ) were prepared by reaction of several 2‐chloro‐ or 2‐chloromethyl‐1 H ‐benzimidazoles with aniline derivatives. The prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds 2, 8 , and 9 exhibited the best activity.
Determination of synthetic lethal interactions in KRAS oncogene-dependent cancer cells reveals novel therapeutic targeting strategies (2012)

Oncogenic mutations in RAS genes are very common in human cancer, resulting in cells with well-characterized selective advantages, but also less well-understood vulnerabilities. We have carried out a large-scale loss-of-function screen to identify genes that are required by KRAS-transformed colon cancer cells, but not by derivatives lacking this oncogene. Top-scoring genes were then tested in a larger panel of KRAS mutant and wild-type cancer cells. Cancer cells expressing oncogenic KRAS were found to be highly dependent on the transcription factor GATA2 and the DNA replication initiation regulator CDC6. Extending this analysis using a collection of drugs with known targets, we found that cancer cells with mutant KRAS showed selective addiction to proteasome function, as well as synthetic lethality with topoisomerase inhibition. Combination targeting of these functions caused improved killing of KRAS mutant cells relative to wild-type cells. These observations suggest novel targets and new ways of combining existing therapies for optimal effect in RAS mutant cancers, which are traditionally seen as being highly refractory to therapy.
Union List of Current Serials Held In Edinburgh University Library (EUL) (1989)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
Thick-Gate-Oxide MOS Structures with Sub-Design-Rule (SDR) Polysilicon Lengths for RF Circuit Applications (2008)

Use of sub-design-rule (SDR) thick-gate-oxide MOS structures can significantly improve RF performance. Utilizing 3-stack 3.3-V MOSFET's with an SDR channel length, a 31.3-dBm 900-MHz Bulk CMOS T/R switch with transmit (TX) and receive (RX) insertion losses of 0.5 and 1.0 dB is realized. A 28-dBm 2.4-GHz T/R switch with TX and RX insertion losses of 0.8 and 1.2 dB is also demonstrated. SDR MOS varactors achieve Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of ~ 80 at 24 GHz with a tuning range of ~ 40%.
Multispectral near-IR reflectance and transillumination imaging of teeth (2011)

NIR imaging methods do not require ionizing radiation and have great potential for detecting caries lesions (tooth decay) on high-risk proximal and occlusal tooth surfaces and at the earliest stages of development. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies at 1300-nm demonstrated that high contrast reflectance and transillumination images could be acquired of caries lesions on tooth proximal and occlusal surfaces where most new decay is found. Water absorption varies markedly between 1200 and 1600-nm and the scattering properties of enamel and the underlying dentin have not been characterized in this region. Hyperspectral reflectance studies show lower reflectivity from sound enamel and dentin at NIR wavelengths with higher water absorption. The purpose of this imaging study was to determine which NIR wavelengths between 1200 and 1600-nm provide the highest contrast of demineralization or caries lesions for each of the different modes of NIR imaging, including transillumination of proximal and occlusal surfaces along with cross polarization reflectance measurements. A tungsten halogen lamp with several spectral filters and a Ge-enhanced CMOS focal plane array (FPA) sensitive from 400 to 1600-nm were used to acquire the images of caries lesions on extracted teeth. Artificial interproximal lesions were created on twelve tooth sections of 5 & 6-mm thickness that were used for transillumination imaging. Fifty-four extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions were also examined in both occlusal transillumination and reflectance imaging modes. Cavity preparations were also cut into whole teeth and filled with composite and used to compare the contrast between composite and enamel at NIR wavelengths. NIR wavelengths longer than 1400-nm are likely to have better performance for the transillumination of occlusal caries lesions while 1300-nm appears best for the transillumination of proximal surfaces. Loss of mobile water in enamel markedly reduced the transparency of the enamel at all NIR wavelengths. Significantly higher contrast was attained for reflectance measurements at wavelengths that have higher water absorption, namely 1460-nm. Wavelengths with higher water absorption also provided higher contrast of composite restorations.
Abstract 917: mTOR kinase inhibition relieves feedback inhibition of RTK and PI3K signaling in breast cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Activation of mitogenic signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases is regulated by negative feedback. Feedback is in part mediated by mTORC1/S6K dependent downregulation of IRS proteins which downregulate IGF/insulin receptor signaling. Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, relieves this feedback and causes induction of phosphorylation of AKT at Serine 473 via IGF activation of mTORC2 leading to the activation of AKT kinase and signaling. This relief of feedback inhibition of mTORC2/AKT signaling may attenuate or abolish the antitumor activity of rapamycin. mTOR kinase inhibitors that inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes have now been developed to circumvent these problems. We now find that AZD8055 is a potent and selective inhibitor of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 and thus abolishes AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 as well as 4EBP1 and S6K phosphorylation, in contrast to rapamycin which effectively inhibits only the last and which activates the first. This drug potently inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, especially those in which PI3K/AKT signaling is dysregulated and sometimes induced their death. However, AZD8055 does potently reactivate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It enhanced receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and expression and caused a profound, HER-kinase dependent activation of ERK and PI3K signaling. It reactivated phosphorylation of AKT Thr308 and AKT substrates, but not that of Ser473 AKT. These data suggest that inhibition of the phosphorylation of AKT at Serine 473 is not sufficient to inhibit AKT signaling. Furthermore, relief of feedback inhibition of RTK function by mTOR kinase inhibitors leads to reactivation of both ERK and AKT signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 917. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-917
Second-line therapy for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer: is there a standard? (2008)

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has been the standard treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer based primarily on clinical benefits. To date, no standard guideline for second-line treatment of pancreatic cancer has been established. Data supporting the use of second-line therapy compared to best supportive care is lacking. We reviewed the published literature on second-line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Most studies were published in abstract form with small numbers of patients. No single drug has been studied extensively in this setting. Benefits of second-line therapy seem to be modest, at the cost of drug toxicity, and randomized phase III trials are still needed. Future studies in the second-line setting should not only use response or overall survival as an outcome measure but should consider using clinical benefit as treatment endpoints. The incorporation of costs, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-benefit analysis into these studies should be considered as well.
Binding of Neuroligins to PSD-95 (1997)

PSD-95 is a component of postsynaptic densities in central synapses. It contains three PDZ domains that localize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2 (NMDA2 receptor) and K+ channels to synapses. In mouse forebrain, PSD-95 bound to the cytoplasmic COOH-termini of neuroligins, which are neuronal cell adhesion molecules that interact with beta-neurexins and form intercellular junctions. Neuroligins bind to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95, whereas NMDA2 receptors and K+ channels interact with the first and second PDZ domains. Thus different PDZ domains of PSD-95 are specialized for distinct functions. PSD-95 may recruit ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors to intercellular junctions formed between neurons by neuroligins and beta-neurexins.
Internal Modulation in Multimode Laser Oscillators (1965)

Multimode laser oscillation in the presence of internal resonator modulation is discussed. Modulation of the dielectric constant (ε) is shown to lead to frequency modulation of the laser light while modulation of the losses (or gain) leads to amplitude modulation. The results are discussed with particular reference to recent experiments and proposals involving modulation inside laser resonators. The mathematical formalism is that of normal-mode parametric interactions.
Degradable Cyclooctadiene/Acetal Copolymers: Versatile Precursors to 1,4-Hydroxytelechelic Polybutadiene and Hydroxytelechelic Polyethylene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegradable Cyclooctadiene/Acetal Copolymers: Versatile Precursors to 1,4-Hydroxytelechelic Polybutadiene and Hydroxytelechelic PolyethyleneCassandra Fraser, Marc A. Hillmyer, Elvin Gutierrez, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 21, 7256–7261Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00125a031Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1119Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (783 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation and Structure of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates on Palladium (2003)

The adsorption of n-alkanethiols onto polycrystalline thin films of palladium containing a strong (111) texture produces well-organized, self-assembled monolayers. The organization of the alkane chains in the monolayer and the nature of the bonding between the palladium and the thiol were studied by contact angle measurements, optical ellipsometry, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS data reveals that a compound palladium-sulfide interphase is present at the surface of the palladium film. The RAIR spectra, ellipsometry data, and wetting properties show that the palladium-sulfide phase is terminated with an organized, methyl-terminated monolayer of alkanethiolates. The local molecular environment of the alkane chains transitions from a conformationally disordered, liquidlike state to a mostly all-trans, crystalline-like structure with increasing chain length (n = 8-26). The intensities and dichroism of the methylene and methyl stretching modes support a model for the average orientation of an ensemble of all-trans-conformer chains with a tilt angle of approximately 14-18 degrees with respect to the surface normal and a twist angle of the CCC plane relative to the tilt plane of approximately 45 degrees. The SAMs are stable in air, although the sulfur present at the surface oxidizes in air over a period of 2-5 days at room temperature. The differences in chain organization between SAMs formed by microcontact printing and by solution deposition are also examined by RAIRS and XPS.
Immunization of human HIV-seronegative volunteers with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles elicits HIV-1 p24-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. (1993)

We conclude that hybrid HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty-VLP are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity to HIV-1 Gag p17 and p24 components and are worthy of further study as a potential HIV immunotherapeutic.
Investigation of ferrocenyl carbodiimide (FCDI) in the modification reaction of nucleic acids (2005)

Ferrocenyl carbodiimide (FCDI) was allowed to react with thymine or guanine bases of single stranded DNA in borate buffer (pH 9.5) at 37 degrees C for a short period of time. The reactivity of FCDI with the guanine bases was smaller than that with the thymine ones and the prolongation of the reaction time resulted in a lower yield. The reactivity for double stranded oligonucleotide was extremely decreased from that for the single stranded one. One base mismatched double stranded oligonucleotides could react with FCDI, albeit slowly. These results suggested that the reactivity of FCDI was variable depending on the kind of bases and the oligonucleotide structure.
Dendritic Cells Genetically Modified with an Adenovirus Vector Encoding the cDNA for a Model Antigen Induce Protective and Therapeutic Antitumor Immunity (1997)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in the initiation of antitumor immune responses. In this study, we show that genetic modifications of a murine epidermis-derived DC line and primary bone marrow-derived DCs to express a model antigen beta-galactosidase (betagal) can be achieved through the use of a replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vector, and that the modified DCs are capable of eliciting antigen-specific, MHC-restricted CTL responses. Importantly, using a murine metastatic lung tumor model with syngeneic colon carcinoma cells expressing betagal, we show that immunization of mice with the genetically modified DC line or bone marrow DCs confers potent protection against a lethal tumor challenge, as well as suppression of preestablished tumors, resulting in a significant survival advantage. We conclude that genetic modification of DCs to express antigens that are also expressed in tumors can lead to antigen-specific, antitumor killer cells, with a concomitant resistance to tumor challenge and a decrease in the size of existing tumors.
The p38α MAPK Regulates Microglial Responsiveness to Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Neuropathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of both the immediate impact injury and secondary injury mechanisms. Unresolved post-traumatic glial activation is a secondary injury mechanism that contributes to a chronic state of neuroinflammation in both animal models of TBI and human head injury patients. We recently demonstrated, using in vitro models, that p38α MAPK signaling in microglia is a key event in promoting cytokine production in response to diverse disease-relevant stressors and subsequent inflammatory neuronal dysfunction. From these findings, we hypothesized that the p38α signaling pathway in microglia could be contributing to the secondary neuropathologic sequelae after a diffuse TBI. Mice where microglia were p38α-deficient (p38α KO) were protected against TBI-induced motor deficits and synaptic protein loss. In wild-type (WT) mice, diffuse TBI produced microglia morphological activation that lasted for at least 7 d; however, p38α KO mice failed to activate this response. Unexpectedly, we found that the peak of the early, acute phase cytokine and chemokine levels was increased in injured p38α KO mice compared with injured WT mice. The increased cytokine levels in the p38α KO mice could not be accounted for by more infiltration of macrophages or neutrophils, or increased astrogliosis. By 7 d after injury, the cytokine and chemokine levels remained elevated in injured WT mice but not in p38α KO mice. Together, these data suggest that p38α balances the inflammatory response by acutely attenuating the early proinflammatory cytokine surge while perpetuating the chronic microglia activation after TBI.
Transcranial focused ultrasound to the thalamus alters anesthesia time in rats (2011)

A pulsed application of focused ultrasound (FUS) to the regional brain tissue alters the state of tissue excitability and thus provides the means for noninvasive functional neuromodulation. We report that the application of transcranial FUS to the thalamus of anesthetized rats reduced the time to emergence of voluntary movement from intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Low-intensity FUS was applied to the thalamus of anesthetized animals. The times required for the animals to show distinct physiological/behavioral changes were measured and compared with those times required in a control session without sonication. The sonication significantly reduced the time to show pinch response and voluntary movement. The modulatory effects of FUS on anesthesia suggest potential therapeutic applications for disorders of consciousness such as minimally consciousness states.
Near capacity multiple access scheme forinterference channel using complex-valued signals (1998)

A multiuser detection scheme is proposed for channels using non-spread signals. Trellis encoders and different random interleavers are employed for each user to remove the ambiguity in decoding each user&apos;s data from the composite received signal. With symbol-by-symbol soft decision, near channel capacity performance is obtained.
Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase aggravate mild anti-glomerular-basement-membrane-mediated glomerular injury in the rat. (1996)

Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are present in sera from patients with various forms of vasculitis-associated glomerulonephritis. Evidence for a pathogenic role of anti-MPO antibodies has been provided mainly by in vitro studies. We studied the pathogenic role of autoantibodies to MPO in a rat model of mild immune-mediated glomerular injury. Brown Norway rats were immunized with human MPO in complete Freund's adjuvant or with complete Freund's adjuvant alone. At 2 weeks after immunization, rats had developed antibodies to human and rat MPO as detected by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation. At this time point, rats were intravenously injected with a subnephritogenic dose of 150 micrograms of rabbit anti-rat GBM. Rats were sacrificed at 4 hours, 24 hours, 4 days, and 10 days after antibody administration. Control immunized rats developed mild glomerulonephritis characterized by slight proteinuria at day 10 (14.8 +/- 8.1 mg/24 hours) and moderate intraglomerular accumulation of ED1+ macrophages. Crescent formation, tuft necrosis, and tubular atrophy were not observed in those rats. In contrast, rats immunized with MPO developed severe glomerulonephritis characterized by the early occurrence of severe hematuria, marked proteinuria at day 10 (76.2 +/- 18.2 mg/24 hours), and massive glomerular deposition of fibrin. Complement and rat IgG were present in insudative lesions, but no linear pattern along the glomerular capillary wall was observed. By light microscopy, severe glomerular lesions were found at day 10 consisting of crescent formation and fibrinoid necrosis of capillary loops. In the interstitium, tubular necrosis and atrophy and marked interstitial mononuclear infiltration were found in conclusion, autoantibodies to MPO severely aggravate subclinical anti-GBM disease demonstrating their in vivo pathogenic potential.
Cyclophosphamide-induced Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell Population Is Immunosuppressive But Not Identical to Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Induced By Growing TC-1 Tumors (2012)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play an important role in tumor escape from antitumor immunity. MDSC accumulate in the lymphoid organs and blood during tumor growth and their mobilization was also reported after cyclophosphamide (CY) administration. In this communication, spleen MDSC accumulating after CY therapy (CY-MDSC) were compared with those expanded in mice bearing human papilloma viruses 16-associated TC-1 carcinoma (TU-MDSC). Although both CY-MDSC and TU-MDSC accelerated growth of TC-1 tumors in vivo, their phenotype and immunosuppressive function differed. CY-MDSC consisted of higher percentage of monocyte-like subpopulation and this was accompanied by lower relative expression of immunosuppressive genes and lower suppression of T-cell proliferation. After interferon-γ stimulation, the expression of immunosuppressive genes increased, but the suppressive ability of CY-MDSC did not reach that of TU-MDSC. The phenotype and function of MDSC obtained from mice bearing TC-1 tumors treated with CY was, in general, found to lie between CY-MDSC and TU-MDSC. After in vitro cultivation of MDSC in the presence of interleukin 12 (IL-12), the percentage of CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells decreased and was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of CD86+/MHCII+ cells. The strongest modulatory effect was noticed in the group of CY-MDSC. The susceptibility of CY-MDSC to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was also evaluated. In vitro cultivation with ATRA resulted in MDSC differentiation, and ATRA inhibited MDSC accumulation induced by CY administration. Our findings identified differences between CY-MDSC and TU-MDSC and supported the rationale for utilization of ATRA or IL-12 to alter MDSC accumulation after CY chemotherapy with the aim to improve its antitumor effect.