gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of intravenous L-carnitine administration in sheep preceding an oral urea drench. (1998)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of i.v. administration of L-carnitine on selected metabolites in sheep and to determine the feasibility of using L-carnitine to ameliorate the deleterious effects of hyperammonemia in sheep. In Exp. 1, i.v. L-carnitine solutions were administered at three levels in a replicated Latin square: 0 (CONT), 6.36 (CAR 1), and 12.72 (CAR 2) mmol L-carnitine/kg x (75) BW using Suffolk ewes (n = 6; average BW 75+/-3 kg). Plasma L-carnitine concentration was increased (P<.05) by treatment (51.9 vs 102.3, and 96.4 micromol/L in CONT, CAR 1, and CAR 2, respectively). Plasma glucose concentration was elevated (P<.05) in CAR 2 and CAR 1. Plasma NEFA concentration was highest (P<.05) in CAR 2. Area under the response curve for glucose was greater (P<.02) in CAR 2. In Exp. 2, Suffolk ewes (n = 16; average BW 48+/-2 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2x2 factorial treatment arrangement to determine the effects of i.v. L-carnitine administration during an oral urea load test (OULT). L-Carnitine (0 and 6.36 mmol/kg x (75) BW) was administered i.v. at 30 min, and an oral urea drench (50% wt/vol; 0 and 300 mg/kg BW) was administered at 60 min. Plasma L-carnitine was increased (P<.0001) by i.v. L-carnitine. Plasma ammonia N was highest (P<.0001) in the UREA treatment compared with the CONT, CARN, and CARN + UREA treatments (148 vs 95, 101, and 108 micromol/L, respectively). Intravenous L-carnitine administration influenced plasma glucose and NEFA concentrations in sheep and, when administered 30 min preceding an OULT, prevented the development of subclinical hyperammonemia in sheep.
Mice without a Functional Relaxin Gene Are Unable to Deliver Milk to Their Pups (1999)

We have used gene targeting to generate relaxin (rlx)-deficient mice. The majority (15 of 17) of homozygous (rlx−/−) mice are fertile and produce normal litters. However their mammary development is deficient; pups are unable to suckle and die within 24 h of birth unless cross-fostered to a wild-type (rlx+/+) foster mother. The nipples of rlx−/− animals do not enlarge significantly during pregnancy, and their histology retains the appearance of the virgin state. Breast parenchyma is somewhat underdeveloped at term even though milk is produced. Mammary ducts become grossly dilated in these animals. Heterozygous (rlx+/−) mice lactate normally. The interpubic ligament does not relax during pregnancy in rlx−/− mice. Plasma osmolality during late gestation was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in rlx−/− mice than in wild-type controls.
Comparative Neuroprotective Effects of Cyclosporin a and NIM811, a Nonimmunosuppressive Cyclosporin a Analog, following Traumatic Brain Injury (2008)

Earlier experiments have shown that cyclosporin A (CsA) and its non-calcineurin inhibitory analog NIM811 attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Presently, we compared the neuroprotective effects of previously determined mitochondrial protective doses of CsA (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and NIM811 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) when administered at 15 mins postinjury in preventing cytoskeletal (alpha-spectrin) degradation, neurodegeneration, and neurological dysfunction after severe (1.0 mm) controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI in mice. In a first set of experiments, we analyzed calpain-mediated alpha-spectrin proteolysis at 24 h postinjury. Both NIM811 and CsA significantly attenuated the increased alpha-spectrin breakdown products observed in vehicle-treated animals (P<0.005). In a second set of experiments, treatment of animals with either NIM811 or CsA at 15 mins and again at 24 h postinjury attenuated motor function impairment at 48 h and 7 days (P<0.005) and neurodegeneration at 7 days postinjury (P<0.0001). Delayed administration of NIM811 out to 12 h was still able to significantly reduce alpha-spectrin degradation. These results show that the neuroprotective mechanism of CsA involves maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and that calcineurin inhibition plays little or no role because the non-calcineurin inhibitory analog, NIM811, is as effective as CsA.
eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus (1996)

Classical embryological experiments suggest that a posterior signal is required for patterning the developing anteroposterior axis. In this paper, we investigate a potential role for FGF signalling in this process. During normal development, embryonic fibroblast growth factor (eFGF) is expressed in the posterior of the Xenopus embryo. We have previously shown that overexpression of eFGF from the start of gastrulation results in a posteriorised phenotype of reduced head and enlarged proctodaeum. We have now determined the molecular basis of this phenotype and we propose a role for eFGF in normal anteroposterior patterning. In this study, we show that the overexpression of eFGF causes the up-regulation of a number of posteriorly expressed genes, and prominent among these are Xcad3, a caudal homologue, and the Hox genes, in particular HoxA7. There is both an increase of expression within the normal domains and an extension of expression towards the anterior. Application of eFGF-loaded beads to specific regions of gastrulae reveals that anterior truncations arise from an effect on the developing dorsal axis. Similar anterior truncations are caused by the dorsal overexpression of Xcad3 or HoxA7. This suggests that this aspect of the eFGF overexpression phenotype is caused by the ectopic activation of posterior genes in anterior regions. Further results using the dominant negative FGF receptor show that the normal expression of posterior Hox genes is dependent on FGF signalling and that this regulation is likely mediated by the activation of Xcad3. The biological activity of eFGF, together with its expression in the posterior of the embryo, make it a good candidate to fulfil the role of the 'transforming' activity proposed by Nieuwkoop in his 'activation and transformation' model for neural patterning.
Gene doctoring: a method for recombineering in laboratory and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (2009)

We have developed a counter-selective recombineering technique for epitope tagging or for deleting genes in E. coli. We have demonstrated the versatility of the technique by modifying the chromosome of the enterohaemorrhagic O157:H7 (EHEC), uropathogenic CFT073 (UPEC), enteroaggregative O42 (EAEC) and enterotoxigenic H10407 (ETEC) E. coli strains as well as in K-12 laboratory strains.
Differential Expression of T- and L-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Renal Resistance Vessels (2001)

The distribution of voltage-dependent calcium channels in kidney pre- and postglomerular resistance vessels was determined at the molecular and functional levels. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of microdissected rat preglomerular vessels and cultured smooth muscle cells showed coexpression of mRNAs for T-type subunits (Ca(V)3.1, Ca(V)3.2) and for an L-type subunit (Ca(V)1.2). The same expression pattern was observed in juxtamedullary efferent arterioles and outer medullary vasa recta. No calcium channel messages were detected in cortical efferent arterioles. Ca(V)1.2 protein was demonstrated by immunochemical labeling of rat preglomerular vasculature and juxtamedullary efferent arterioles and vasa recta. Cortical efferent arterioles were not immunopositive. Recordings of intracellular calcium concentration with digital fluorescence imaging microscopy showed a significant increase of calcium in response to K(+) (100 mmol/L) in isolated afferent arterioles (140+/-25%) and in juxtamedullary efferent arterioles (118+/-21%). These calcium responses were attenuated by the L-type antagonist calciseptine and by the T-type antagonist mibefradil. Intracellular calcium increased in response to K(+) in cortical efferent arterioles (21+/-9%). Mibefradil and nickel concentration dependently blocked K(+)-induced contraction of perfused rabbit afferent arterioles. Calciseptine blocked the contraction mediated by K(+) (EC(50) 8x10(-14)). S-(-)-Bay K 8644 had no effect on vascular diameter in the afferent arteriole. We conclude that voltage-dependent L- and T-type calcium channels are expressed and of functional significance in renal cortical preglomerular vessels, in juxtamedullary efferent arterioles, and in outer medullary vasa recta, but not in cortical efferent arterioles.
Ultrasound Monitoring of In Vitro Radio Frequency Ablation by Echo Decorrelation Imaging (2008)

Echo decorrelation imaging can map tissue changes due to RFA in vitro, with local echo decorrelation corresponding strongly to local tissue temperature elevations and ablation effects. With further development and in vivo validation, echo decorrelation imaging is potentially useful for improved image guidance of clinical RFA procedures.
Only plant‐type (GLYK) glycerate kinases produce d‐glycerate 3‐phosphate (2008)

D-Glycerate kinases (GK) occur in three phylogenetically distinct classes. Class II GKs produce glycerate 2-phosphate, while both class I GK and class III GK (GLYK) are thought to produce glycerate 3-phosphate. We report on the identification of a bacterial-type class I GK in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and of a plant-type GLYK in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120. The comparison with other prokaryotic and eukaryotic GKs of both classes shows that glycerate 3-phosphate is produced only by the GLYKs, but, in contrast to current thinking, not by any of the examined class I enzymes.
Full range polarization-sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (2004)

A swept source based polarization-sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) system was developed that can acquire the Stokes vectors, polarization diversity intensity and birefringence images in biological tissue by reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase terms of the interference signal. The Stokes vectors of the reflected and backscattered light from the sample were determined by processing the analytical complex fringe signals from two perpendicular polarizationdetection channels. Conventional time domain OCT (TDOCT) and spectrometer based FDOCT systems are limited by the fact that the input polarization states are wavelength dependent. The swept source based FDOCT system overcomes this limitation and allows accurate setting of the input polarization states. From the Stokes vectors for two different input polarization states, the polarization diversity intensity and birefringence images were obtained.
Scalable progressive analytics on big data in the cloud (2013)

Analytics over the increasing quantity of data stored in the Cloud has become very expensive, particularly due to the pay-as-you-go Cloud computation model. Data scientists typically manually extract samples of increasing data size (progressive samples) using domain-specific sampling strategies for exploratory querying. This provides them with user-control, repeatable semantics, and result provenance. However, such solutions result in tedious workflows that preclude the reuse of work across samples. On the other hand, existing approximate query processing systems report early results, but do not offer the above benefits for complex ad-hoc queries. We propose a new progressive analytics system based on a progress model called Prism that (1) allows users to communicate progressive samples to the system; (2) allows efficient and deterministic query processing over samples; and (3) provides repeatable semantics and provenance to data scientists. We show that one can realize this model for atemporal relational queries using an unmodified temporal streaming engine, by re-interpreting temporal event fields to denote progress. Based on Prism, we build Now!, a progressive data-parallel computation framework for Windows Azure, where progress is understood as a first-class citizen in the framework. Now! works with "progress-aware reducers"- in particular, it works with streaming engines to support progressive SQL over big data. Extensive experiments on Windows Azure with real and synthetic workloads validate the scalability and benefits of Now! and its optimizations, over current solutions for progressive analytics.
The HOXD11 gene is fused to the NUP98 gene in acute myeloid leukemia with t(2;11)(q31;p15). (2002)

The nucleoporin gene, NUP98, has been reported to be fused to seven partner genes in hematological malignancies with 11p15 translocations. We report here a novel NUP98 partner gene, HOXD11, not HOXD13, in a pediatric patient with de novo AML having t(2;11)(q31;p15), using a cDNA panhandle PCR. The HOXD11 gene is one of the HOXD cluster genes and contains 2 exons, encoding a protein of 338 amino acids with a homeodomain. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis showed that two alternatively spliced 5'-NUP98 transcripts were fused in frame to the HOXD11 gene. Both proteins consist of an NH(2)-terminal phenylalanine-glycine repeat motif of NUP98 and COOH-terminal homeodomain of HOXD11. RT-PCR analysis in various leukemic cell lines showed that expression of the HOXD11 gene was significantly more frequent in BCR-ABL-positive than in BCR-ABL-negative leukemic cell lines (P = 0.028). Our results revealed that t(2;11)(q31;p15) was not a single chromosomal abnormality and that the NUP98-HOXD fusion genes encode similar fusion proteins, which suggests that the NUP98-HOXD11 as well as NUP98-HOXD13 fusion protein play a role in leukemogenesis through similar mechanisms.
Structure-Based Design of Novel Anticancer Agents (2001)

Recently identified agents that interact with cytoskeletal elements such as tubulin include synthetic spiroketal pyrans (SPIKET) and monotetrahydrofuran compounds (COBRA compounds). SPIKET compounds target the spongistatin binding site of beta-tubulin and COBRA compounds target a unique binding cavity on alpha-tubulin. At nanomolar concentrations, the SPIKET compound SPIKET-P causes tubulin depolymerization and exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. COBRA-1 inhibits GTP-induced tubulin polymerization. Treatment of human breast cancer and brain tumor cells with COBRA-1 caused destruction of microtubule organization and apoptosis. Other studies have identified some promising protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. These include EGFR inhibitors such as the quinazoline derivative WHI-P97 and the leflunomide metabolite analog LFM-A12. Both LFM-A12 and WHI-P97 inhibit the in vitro invasiveness of EGFR positive human breast cancer cells at micromolar concentrations and induce apoptotic cell death. Dimethoxyquinazoline compounds WHI-P131 and WHI-P154 inhibit tyrosine kinase JAK3 in leukemia cells. Of particular interest is WHI-P131, which inhibits JAK3 but not JAK1, JAK2, SYK, BTK, LYN, or IRK at concentrations as high as 350 microM. Studies of BTK inhibitors showed that the leflunomide metabolite analog LFM-A13 inhibited BTK in leukemia and lymphoma cells. Consistent with the anti-apoptotic function of BTK, treatment of leukemic cells with LFM-A13 enhanced their sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
Scheduling and page migration for multiprocessor compute servers (1994)

Several cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors have been developed that are scalable and offer a very tight coupling between the processing resources. They are therefore quite attractive for use as compute servers for multiprogramming and parallel application workloads. Process scheduling and memory management, however, remain challenging due to the distributed main memory found on such machines. This paper examines the effects of OS scheduling and page migration policies on the performance of such compute servers. Our experiments are done on the Stanford DASH, a distributed-memory cache-coherent multiprocessor. We show that for our multiprogramming workloads consisting of sequential jobs, the traditional Unix scheduling policy does very poorly. In contrast, a policy incorporating cluster and cache affinity along with a simple page-migration algorithm offers up to two-fold performance improvement. For our workloads consisting of multiple parallel applications, we compare space-sharing policies that divide the processors among the applications to time-slicing policies such as standard Unix or gang scheduling. We show that space-sharing policies can achieve better processor utilization due to the operating point effect, but time-slicing policies benefit strongly from user-level data distribution. Our initial experience with automatic page migration suggests that policies based only on TLB miss information can be quite effective, and useful for addressing the data distribution problems of space-sharing schedulers.
Use of the Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect To Determine the Conformations of Ligands Bound to Proteins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of the Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect To Determine the Conformations of Ligands Bound to ProteinsFeng Ni and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1994, 27, 9, 257–264Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00045a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00045a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On optimizing an SQL-like nested query (1982)

SQL is a high-level nonprocedural data language which has received wide recognition in relational databases. One of the most interesting features of SQL is the nesting of query blocks to an arbitrary depth. An SQL-like query nested to an arbitrary depth is shown to be composed of five basic types of nesting. Four of them have not been well understood and more work needs to be done to improve their execution efficiency. Algorithms are developed that transform queries involving these basic types of nesting into semantically equivalent queries that are amenable to efficient processing by existing query-processing subsystems. These algorithms are then combined into a coherent strategy for processing a general nested query of arbitrary complexity.
Routing and switching in a wavelength convertible optical network (2002)

A wavelength-convertible switch architecture and routing algorithm for circuit-switched wavelength-division-multiplexing optical networks is studied. Wavelength converters are used to resolve wavelength conflicts and to reuse wavelengths. These converters are not dedicated to individual channels, but are shared by the channels of a node or those of an outbound link in the share-per-node or the share-per-link wavelength-convertible switch, respectively. A routing algorithm is developed to converse wavelength converters while maintaining performance close to that of a network with abundant converters. It is found that converters can improve the network performance, such as the blocking probability and fairness, considerably.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Chemistry and Biology of Antimitotic Chalcones and Related Enone Systems (2005)

The development of combretastatin as an antimitotic agent has led to an enormous effort to design other tubulin-targeting agents. The intriguing discovery that combretastatin A-4 phosphate causes selective damage to tumor vasculature has stimulated even more activity in this field. This attention to tubulin binding agents and their antivasculature activity is highly likely to lead to significant clinical advances for the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the development of ketones as tubulin-binding agents such as chalcones and related enones as surrogates of combretastatin and colchicine.
3‐(2‐Oxoethylidene)indolin‐2‐one Derivatives Activate Nrf2 and Inhibit NF‐κB: Potential Candidates for Chemoprevention (2014)

Induction of cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes through inhibition of Keap1, a repressor of transcription factor Nrf2, is a cancer-prevention strategy. Compounds that elicit antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects are promising candidates for chemoprevention. Novel analogues of 1-methyl-3-(2-oxopropylidene)indolin-2-one ('supercinnamaldehyde'; SCA) were synthesized, and their abilities to induce cytoprotective responses through Nrf2 induction and to suppress inflammatory responses were examined. 1-Methyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one (6) was identified as the lead compound. The compounds showed induction of Nrf2-dependent phase 2 enzymes in Keap1+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which was abrogated in Keap1-/- MEFs. The compounds also displayed a suppressive effect on NF-κB signaling that was at least partly responsible for inhibition of lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory responses. These SCA analogues exhibited cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities and may be developed further as chemopreventive agents.
Smad3 Deficiency in Mice Protects Against Insulin Resistance and Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet (2011)

Smad3 is a multifaceted regulator in adipose physiology and the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that Smad3 may be a potential target for the treatment of obesity and its associated disorders.
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Silicon Oxide Dots and Stripes from Block Copolymer Thin Films (2008)

A general route to fabricate highly ordered arrays of nanoscopic silicon oxide dots and stripes (see figure) from block copolymer thin films is described. Poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) thin films with cylindrical microdomains oriented normal and parallel to the surface were used as templates for the fabrication of nanoscopic silicon oxide, with polydimethylsiloxane as the inorganic precursor.