gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial membrane potential in single living adult rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia or metabolic inhibition. (1995)

1. The relation between mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) and cell function was investigated in single adult rat cardiac myocytes during anoxia and reoxygenation. delta psi m was studied by loading myocytes with JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'- tetra-ethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide), a fluorescent probe characterized by two emission peaks (539 and 597 nm with excitation at 490 nm) corresponding to monomer and aggregate forms of the dye. 2. De-energizing conditions applied to mitochondria, cell suspensions or single cells decreased the aggregate emission and increased the monomer emission. This latter result cannot be explained by changes of JC-1 concentration in the aqueous mitochondrial matrix phase indicating that hydrophobic interaction of the probe with membranes has to be taken into account to explain JC-1 fluorescence properties in isolated mitochondria or intact cells. 3. A different sensitivity of the two JC-1 forms to delta psi m changes was shown in isolated mitochondria by the effects of ADP and FCCP and the calibration with K+ diffusion potentials. The monomer emission was responsive to values of delta psi m below 140 mV, which hardly modified the aggregate emission. Thus JC-1 represents a unique double sensor which can provide semi-quantitative information in both low and high potential ranges. 4. At the onset of glucose-free anoxia the epifluorescence of individual myocytes studied in the single excitation (490 nm)-double emission (530 and 590 nm) mode showed a gradual decline of the aggregate emission, which reached a plateau while electrically stimulated (0.2 Hz) contraction was still retained. The subsequent failure of contraction was followed by the rise of the emission at 530 nm, corresponding to the monomer form of the dye, concomitantly with the development of rigor contracture. 5. The onset of the rigor was preceded by the increase in intracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i) monitored by mag-indo-1 epifluorescence. Since under these experimental conditions intracellular [Ca2+] and pH are fairly stable, the increase in [Mg2+]i was likely to be produced by a decrease in ATP content. 6. The inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase induced by oligomycin during anoxia was associated with a rapid and simultaneous change of both the components of JC-1 fluorescence, suggesting that delta psi m, instead of producing ATP, is generated by glycolytic ATP during anoxia. 7. The readmission of oxygen induced a rapid decrease of the monomer emission and a slower increase of the aggregate emission. These fluorescence changes were not necessarily associated with the recovery of mechanical function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib impairs dendritic cell function in vitro and in vivo (2013)

The Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitor ruxolitinib decreases constitutional symptoms and spleen size of myelofibrosis (MF) patients by mechanisms distinct from its anticlonal activity. Here we investigated whether ruxolitinib affects dendritic cell (DC) biology. The in vitro development of monocyte-derived DCs was almost completely blocked when the compound was added throughout the differentiation period. Furthermore, when applied solely during the final lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation step, ruxolitinib reduced DC activation as demonstrated by decreased interleukin-12 production and attenuated expression of activation markers. Ruxolitinib also impaired both in vitro and in vivo DC migration. Dysfunction of ruxolitinib-exposed DCs was further underlined by their impaired induction of allogeneic and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Ruxolitinib-treated mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)/CpG induced markedly reduced in vivo activation and proliferation of OVA-specific CD8⁺ T cells compared with vehicle-treated controls. Finally, using an adenoviral infection model, we show that ruxolitinib-exposed mice exhibit delayed adenoviral clearance. Our results demonstrate that ruxolitinib significantly affects DC differentiation and function leading to impaired T-cell activation. DC dysfunction may result in increased infection rates in ruxolitinib-treated patients. However, our findings may also explain the outstanding anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activity of JAK inhibitors currently used in the treatment of MF and autoimmune diseases.
Supercritical Fluid–Liquid–Solid (SFLS) Synthesis of Si and Ge Nanowires Seeded by Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals (2003)

Abstract Semiconductor nanowires, 5 to 20 nm in diameter and micrometers in length, appear to be promising candidates for a variety of new technologies, including computing, memory, and sensor applications. Suitable for these applications, silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanowires ranging from 4 to 30 nm in diameter and micrometers in length can be produced in high temperature supercritical fluids by thermally degrading organosilane or organogermane precursors in the presence of organic‐monolayer‐protected gold nanocrystals. Although gas phase vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) methods can be used to produce a variety of different nanowire materials, high temperature supercritical fluids provide wire size control through nanocrystal size selection prior to synthesis, and high product yields due to the high precursor solubility.
Cellular Interactions in Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Vitro: I. Hyperoxic Induction of Fibroblast Factors Which Alter Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Pulmonary Epithelial Cells (1983)

Pulmonary fibroblasts exposed to hyperoxic conditions in vitro release factors into their culture medium which influence the growth and lipid synthesis of tumor and nontumor pulmonary epithelial cells, but not pulmonary fibroblasts. These factors may be either inhibitory or stimulatory, depending on the degree and duration of hyperoxic exposure. Two stimulatory heat-labile factors have been tentatively identified by gel filtration. A growth-stimulating factor induced by hyperoxia has an apparent molecular weight approximately 20,000-26,000 daltons; a factor tht stimulates lipid synthesis has an apparent molecular weight approximately 8000 daltons. These factors appear distinct from other pneumocyte-specific peptides which occur in response to steroid therapy or pneumonectomy.
Morphology of regenerated silk fibroin: Effects of freezing temperature, alcohol addition, and molecular weight (2001)

Abstract Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was prepared by dissolving in a CaCl 2 /ethanol/H 2 O solvent system, freezing, and lyophilization. The effect of freezing temperature, alcohol addition, and molecular weight on the morphological and conformational changes were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. However, the addition of a small amount of methanol induced the morphological change of RSF to a fine‐particle aggregate, which resulted from the formation of a β‐sheet crystalline structure. The lower the freezing temperature was, the more the formation of aggregates was favored, and the finer powder aggregates were formed. As the amount of added hydrophilic alcohol such as methanol and ethanol increased in the silk fibroin solution, a spherical powder form was changed to fine aggregates with the enhancement of thermal stability and crystallinity. On the other hand, RSFs prepared with a hydrophobic alcohol such as 1‐butanol or 1‐octanol showed a lump‐like or sheet‐like shape of morphology without any changes in conformational transition. It is concluded that the molecular weight of the silk fibroin and the type and amount of alcohol were determining factors in the morphological features of RSF, especially the size and shape of fibroin particles. A uniform ultrafine powder of RSF with a spherical form (∼ 1 μm) can be obtained when the molecular weight and the alcohol addition to the silk fibroin solution are controlled. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3008–3021, 2001
Modeling and prediction of Driving Behavior (2004)

Driving assistance systems that adapt to an individual driver are essential for avoiding traffic accidents because there are individual differences in the way of driving. To realize such systems, it is necessary to take account of not
Stool Caproic Acid for Screening of Clostridium difficile (1988)

Clostridium difficile is the prime etiologic agent in the production of pseudomembranous colitis by its powerful cytotoxin. The most common test for the toxin is a tissue culture method with neutralization of cytopathic effect by a C. difficile antiserum. This method is expensive and requires a minimum of 72 hours before results can be obtained. Attempts to create a rapid method, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, latex agglutination, and fluorescent antibody test are fraught with many problems. This report describes a rapid method for the identification of C. difficile, using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for the demonstration of caproic acid, a product of the organisms fatty acid metabolism.
Synthesis of Cerebronic Acid from Lignoceric Acid by Rat Brain Preparation (1973)

SUMMARY The conversion of [I-Wllignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) into cerebronic acid (Z-hydroxytetracosanoic acid) by a cell-free preparation of rat brain was investigated. The a-hydroxylating enzyme required molecular oxygen, Mg++, pyridine nucleotides, and a heat stable water soluble cofactor. The activity had pH optimum of ‘7.8, and the K, value for lignoceric acid was found to be 4.2 pM. The presence of CO did not inhibit the activity. Except for Mgf+, all heavy divalent metal ions were strongly inhibitory. EDTA was also strongly inhibitory. The pyridine nucleotides DPNH and TPNH were equally effective in producing full enzyme activity; their oxidized forms were less effective. The product cerebronic acid was detected only as a component of ceramide or cerebroside and not as free acid or CoA ester. There was no detectable activity in rat brain during the first 6 days after birth, but a rapid increase was noted between the ages of 8 and 21 days. Activity in the brain attained a maximum in rats 21 to 28 days old and then gradually decreased until an age of 85 days was reached. The cerebellum was found to have the greatest activity. No ol-hydroxylating activity was detected in any of the extraneural tissues studied. 2-Hydroxy fatty acids, found in small amounts in certain yeasts, bacteria, and mammalian extraneural tissues (l), are uniquely abundant in the mammalian nervous system. The 2hpdroxy acids found in the nervous system consist mainly of both saturated or monounsaturated compounds with a chain length of 22 to 26 carbon atoms. They contain an unusually high concentration of odd-numbered carbon acids. They were detected exclusively in cerebrosides and sulfatides, which are considered characteristic myelin lipids. Their concentration in the brain increase very rapidly during the period of active myelination and more slowly during the later life of the animal (2).
Development of a street sweeper fleet management system (2019)

Street sweeping is a vital public service that not only facilitates traffic flow and improves the appearance of the neighborhoods. It also helps removes debris and dust from the roadways thus enhancing drainage and reducing air pollution. The need for a street sweeper fleet management system is to help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of street sweeping programs. In this research, an application is developed for the management of street sweepers with the aid of a mapping system interface to query and analyze the data collected using Global Positioning System (GPS) devices installed in the sweeper trucks. Based on the functional needs of the system, an architecture is first developed for the system. Then, existing software and hardware components are used as the basis to design the system. Customized interfaces and processes are developed to integrate various system components. The resulting system is expected to provide accurate records of machine activity, improving fleet cost management and vehicle productivity. The system has the capabilities to generate reports and graphical summaries of various aspects of resource allocation and utilization. Examples of such reporting capabilities include records of machine usage and activity including dates, exact times and locations that vehicles start, drive, idle and stop as well as the use of various events such as even when and where the brooms and dust suppression systems were engaged. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Treatment With Topical Steroids Downregulates IL-5, Eotaxin-1/CCL11, and Eotaxin-3/CCL26 Gene Expression in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2008)

Our results confirm that eotaxin-3/CCL26 is significantly increased in EE esophageal samples. However, the individual analysis of IL-5, CCL11, and CCL26 expression data suggests that several cytokines and chemokines could participate in the physiopathology of EE in humans.
CA 242 in comparison with established tumour markers in colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancer. (1999)

In a prospective study (N = 566) we investigated the tumour associated carbohydrate-protein CA 242, focusing on the question whether CA 242 (CaNAG, Sweden) expression in carcinoma patients is distinctly higher than in benign disorders, especially when compared to CA 19-9 (EIA Roche Germany). A second point of interest was if CA 242 is expressed to a higher extent in early stages of colorectal cancer than CEA (MEIA Abbott, USA) and CA 19-9 are, and third its behavior in pancreatic and lung cancer. We found CA 242 values comparable in healthy individuals and benign gastrointestinal disorders, thus CA 19-9 remains the marker of first choice for pancreatic cancer and CEA for colorectal cancer. CA 242 shows no advantage in lung cancer as compared to the established markers (CEA, CYFRA 21-1 (EIA Roche Germany) and NSE (EIA Hoffmann LaRoche, Switzerland) and no clearly higher expression in early colorectal cancer. Overall, the combination of CEA and CA 242 shows the best sensitivity in colorectal cancer.
TNF- and Cancer Therapy-Induced Apoptosis: Potentiation by Inhibition of NF-κB (1996)

Many cells are resistant to stimuli that can induce apoptosis, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ionizing radiation, or daunorubicin (a cancer chemotherapeutic compound), was found to protect from cell killing. Inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation enhanced apoptotic killing by these reagents but not by apoptotic stimuli that do not activate NF-kappaB. These results provide a mechanism of cellular resistance to killing by some apoptotic reagents, offer insight into a new role for NF-kappaB, and have potential for improvement of the efficacy of cancer therapies.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Konstitution von neutralziehenden Metallkomplexfarbstoffen, Verteilungsgleichgewichten zwischen flüssigen Phasen und Färbegleichgewichten auf Polyamiden. 3. Mitteilung über Komplexfarbstoffe (1959)

Abstract A series of ten neutral‐dyeing 1:2 chromium and cobalt complexes of some o, o′‐dihydroxy‐monoazo dyes has been investigatcd with respect to their dyeing charakteristics. Partition between liquid phases (water/ethyl ether and watcr/ethyl acetate) and dyeing behaviour of these dyes run parallel: One group is relatively hydrophobic and follows a solution mechanism in polyamide dyeing. The other group is less soluble in organic solvents and dyes polyamide fibres predominantly through a salt binding mechanism. Affinities are calculated for the salt binding mechanism of 6 dyestuffs and three polyamides (nylon 66, 68 and 610), based on R EMINGTON &amp; G LADDING 's zwitterion model for polyamides. In partition between an aqueous buffer (pH 20° = 6,84) and organic solvents it is the complex acid which is dissolved in the organic phase. In thc aqueous phase the dyestuffs form aggregates.
Microengineered physiological biomimicry: Organs-on-Chips (2012)

Microscale engineering technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to create cell culture microenvironments that go beyond current three-dimensional in vitro models by recapitulating the critical tissue–tissue interfaces, spatiotemporal chemical gradients, and dynamic mechanical microenvironments of living organs. Here we review recent advances in this field made over the past two years that are focused on the development of ‘Organs-on-Chips’ in which living cells are cultured within microfluidic devices that have been microengineered to reconstitute tissue arrangements observed in living organs in order to study physiology in an organ-specific context and to develop specialized in vitro disease models. We discuss the potential of organs-on-chips as alternatives to conventional cell culture models and animal testing for pharmaceutical and toxicology applications. We also explore challenges that lie ahead if this field is to fulfil its promise to transform the future of drug development and chemical safety testing.
Trial of Dequalinium for Skin Infections (1958)

investigations carried out by the department of chemistry; and to H.M. Coroner, Penang,
The Internet business book (1994)

Getting Connected What on Earth is the Internet: Networks and Connectivity E-Mail and Discussion Lists Telnet - Remote Login File Transfer Protocol - Anonymous FTP Online Databases and Libraries of General Interest Searching and Locating Information Miscellaneous Services and Sources Professional Resources on the Internet Doing Business on the Internet Sources of Additional Information and Summary.
Mobile User Profile Acquisition through Network Observables and Explicit User Queries (2008)

This paper describes a novel approach for gathering profile information about mobile phone users. The focus is on information that can be used to enhance targeting of advertisements. (The ads might be delivered into the mobile phones, or to other devices such as the user's IPTV.) Unlike previous approaches, we use a two-tiered approach for learning end-user habits and preferences. In this approach the first tier involves statistical learning from network observable data (in the current paper, primarily logs of cell towers visited), and the second tier involves explicit queries to the user (in the current paper, to ask, e.g., what kinds of activities the user does in a given region that he frequents). The user might be willing to answer occasional queries of this sort through offers of service discounts, or to be able to receive more relevant ads. The paper focuses on two key aspects of our approach, which correspond to how the two tiers are instantiated in the current version of the prototype system that we have developed at Bell Labs. The first concerns the statistical techniques used to determine information about regions visited, along with the frequency of visits, typical durations, and typical visit times. These techniques were developed based on a training set consisting of logs of 6 users with mobile devices over a period of several months. The techniques address issues that arise when a given small region is serviced by multiple cell towers (in which case oscillations between cell towers can be confused with movement between regions). The second key aspect concerns optimizing the order in which queries are presented to users, in a context where different query answers have different value for the advertising process. (The values of answers might be influenced by the mix of advertising campaigns from which ads are to be matched against users.) Optimization is NP-complete in a relatively general context. We develop a polynomial time algorithm which yields optimal sequences for the case where the family of queries to be asked satisfies a tree-based property. This is extended to create a heuristic polynomial time algorithm for the general case.
Pedicle Fat Grafts for the Prevention of Scar in Low-Back Surgery (1985)

Encouraged by the results of an experimental study on dogs, the authors performed pedicle fat grafts in 92 patients. The grafts were used in the following groups of patients: following primary disc removal (37 cases); following scar removal in the multiply operated back with definite root findings (37 cases); in patients with spondylolisthesis who had had prior decompressions but developed fifth lumbar nerve root pain after lateral fusion (6 cases); in three patients with spondylolisthesis and simple decompression; in nine patients with spinal stenosis. Pedicle fat grafts were obtained from the subcutaneous layer of fat of the low back in 85 patients and from the buttocks in seven patients. The grafts were brought through openings in the fascia and muscle and were used to cover the dural sac as well as the margins of the nerve root. They were held in position by a fine suture of silk. The results after a minimum follow-up of 1 year and a maximum of 4 years have been excellent or good in 66 percent of the patients who have had lateral fusion with resultant L5 root compression, in 99 percent of patients with spondylolisthesis and decompression only, and in 66 percent of patients with spinal stenosis. The results in the other two groups compare favorably with those reported in the literature.
Multimodal microscopy for automated histologic analysis of prostate cancer (2011)

We were able to achieve very effective fusion of the information from two different images that provide very different types of data with different characteristics. The method is entirely transparent to a user and does not involve any adjustment or decision-making based on spectral data. By combining the IR and optical data, we achieved high accurate classification.
Computer Aided Design Software for Designing Phase-Shifting Masks (1993)

Computer aided design software has been developed in order to improve the efficiency of completing the design of Levenson-type phase-shifting masks. The software assists designers with the functions of automatic shifter arrangement and verification. In addition, to cope with contradictory spots where Levenson-type alternating phase shifting is impossible, the functions of extracting the shapes causing contradiction and of phase assignment with priority are also offered. The principle of shifter arrangement is that when the distance between clear mask areas is less than a certain threshold, a shifter is positioned into one of the clear areas. According to the principle, the number of pairs whose mutual phases have to be opposite decreases, and thus the degree of freedom to arrange shifters increases. The software was developed on a workstation, and its performance was evaluated using several layouts of 64Mbit dynamic random access memory. The average processing time for layouts with 300–400 shapes was about 1 min.
Honoring the Customer: Marketing and Selling to the Japanese (1993)

Written by an expert who has taught and worked in Japan, it shows how to satisfy Japan's demanding and sophisticated consumers by explaining what they expect from foreign suppliers, how they evaluate goods and services, how to train and develop managers and staff to deal with them and how to set strategies for entry into the Japanese market.
Serologic Evidence Incriminating a Recently Isolated Virus (ATCC VR-2332) as the Cause of Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome (SIRS) (1992)

and swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS). tality ranged from 37% to 83% and was accompanied by late term (>day 100) abortion in all but 1 herd. The absence of anorexia in 2 herds and absence of dyspnea in 1 herd may reflect a failure of detection rather than absence of these clinical signs (Table 2). Each case herd was matched with a herd located within 10 miles, of similar size and type of production, and having no history of undiagnosed reproductive failure or respiratory disease in the last 3 years. Sera were collected from approximately 30 representative sows at each of these 16 herds.