gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positron emission tomography instrumentation: an overview. (1988)

Positron emission tomography (PET) makes possible the quantitation of the regional distribution of positron-emitting radioisotopes in a selected organ (Ter Pogossian et al.: Radiology 114:89-98, 1975). Since a large variety of physiologic compounds can be labeled with positron emitters (Wolf: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 11:2-12, 1981; Fowler and Wolf: Nuclear Science Series, 1982), the technique can be used to monitor various biochemical and physiological processes of living tissues (Phelps et al.: Annals of Internal Medicine 98:339-359, 1983; Brodie et al.: Handbook of Neurochemistry, 1983). Indeed, research in the clinical application of PET has expanded considerably over the past 5 years and PET has been used in a variety of clinical problems in psychiatric, neurologic, and oncologic disorders (Phelps and Mazziotta: Science 228:799-809, 1985; Patronas et al.: Journal of Neurosurgery 62:816-822, 1985; Volkow and Tancredi: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2:577-594, 1986). Interpretation of the findings by the clinician has sometimes been confounded by the complexity of the technique and the many parameters which can influence the data. A simple knowledge of the methodological background of PET is needed in order to appreciate the potential applications and the limitations of this technique. There are three basic components in PET: instrumentation, radiopharmaceuticals, and mathematical modeling. A number of reviews address varied aspects of the last two components (Fowler and Wolf: Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography: Principals and Application of the Brain and Heart, 1986; Karlstrom and Christman: Brookhaven National Laboratory Associated Universities, Inc., 1983; Huang and Phelps: Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography: Principles and Applications for the Brain and Heart, 1986), and in this paper we will focus on PET instrumentation as it pertains to its clinical application. The aim of this article is to give an outline of the basic principles behind PET instrumentation, such as positron detection, resolution, quantitation, sensitivity, and image reconstruction as it affects the data presented to the clinician.
Structure and Properties of Cyclic Compounds. III.1 Dissociation Constants of Simple α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic Acids (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Properties of Cyclic Compounds. III.1 Dissociation Constants of Simple α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic AcidsOwne H. Wheeler and Isaac LernerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 1, 63–64Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01582a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01582a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined oral midazolam–ketamine better than midazolam alone for sedation of young children: a randomized controlled trial (2012)

BACKGROUND. There is a lack of clinical trials on paediatric dental sedation. AIM. We investigated whether young children's behaviour improves during dental treatment with oral ketamine/midazolam compared with midazolam alone or no sedation. DESIGN. Healthy children under 36 months of age, presenting early childhood caries were randomly assigned to receive protective stabilization plus: combined oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (MK), or oral midazolam (1.0 mg/kg) (MS), or no sedative (PS). One observer scored children's behaviour using the Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale (OSUBRS) at determined points in a dental exam (no sedative) and treatment session. Data were analysed using nonparametric bivariate tests. RESULTS. Forty-one children were included. In the dental exam session, the sum of OSUBRS scores was similar for the three groups (P = 0.81). In the treatment session, the MK produced more cooperative behaviour than MS and PS (P = 0.01), longer sessions (P = 0.04), and a pattern of homogeneous OSUBRS scores from the reception area (before sedative administration) to the end of the session (P = 0.06). No immediate and post-discharge side effects were observed in groups MK and MS. CONCLUSIONS. The combination of oral midazolam and ketamine is efficacious for guiding the behaviour of children under 3 years old.
Use of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Reporter Fusion for Detection of Nitric Oxide Produced by Denitrifiers (2003)

To determine if green fluorescent protein could be used as a reporter for detecting nitric oxide production, gfp was fused to nnrS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.3. nnrS was chosen because its expression requires nitric oxide. The presence of the fusion in R. sphaeroides 2.4.3 resulted in a significant increase in fluorescent intensity of the cells, but only when nitrite reductase was active. Cells lacking nitrite reductase activity and consequently the ability to generate nitric oxide were only weakly fluorescent when grown under denitrification-inducing conditions. One of the R. sphaeroides strains unable to generate nitric oxide endogenously was used as a reporter to detect exogenously produced nitric oxide. Incubation of this strain with sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide generator, significantly increased its fluorescence intensity. Mixing of known denitrifiers with the reporter strain also led to significant increases in fluorescence intensity, although the level varied depending on the denitrifier used. The reporter was tested on unknown isolates capable of growing anaerobically in the presence of nitrate, and one of these was able to induce expression of the fusion. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this isolate placed it within the Thauera aromatica subgroup, which is known to contain denitrifiers. These experiments demonstrate that this green fluorescent protein-based assay provides a useful method for assessing the ability of bacteria to produce nitric oxide.
The lungs in chronic heart failure (1995)

Journal Article The lungs in chronic heart failure Get access T. P. CHUA, T. P. CHUA *T.PC is a recipient of a British Heart Foundation Junior Research Fellowship Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. J. S. COATS A. J. S. COATS †A J S.C is the British Heart Foundation & Viscount Royston Senior Lecturer in Cardiomyopathy Correspondence Dr A J S Coats. Department of Cardiac Medicine. Royal Brompton National Heart & Lung Institute. Dovehouse Street. London SW3 6LY. U K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 16, Issue 7, July 1995, Pages 882–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061019 Published: 01 July 1995 Article history Received: 25 November 1994 Accepted: 27 January 1995 Published: 01 July 1995
Radon in Iowa Homes: Results of Screening Measurements (1991)

Homeowner-initiated short-term radon screening measurements in Iowa homes show that only about 30% of the homes have low enough radon levels - below 148 Bq/m (4.0 pC1/L) - that no follow-up measurements are necessary. Over 6 percent of the homes have screening measurements in excess of 740 Bq/m3 (20 pCi/L), a level at which prompt follow-up measurements are recommended. In all parts of the state, the range of radon results extends from low levels (below 37 Bq/m3 = 1 pCi/L) to high levels (above 740 Bq/m3). The average radon results tend to be higher than the state average in western Iowa and lower than the state average in eastern Iowa, with the highest average in northwest Iowa and the lowest in southeast Iowa; the reason for this geographical distribution is not known. These data indicate that a greater fraction of radon screening tests in Iowa exceed 148 Bq/m3 than in any other state for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has carried out random radon screening surveys.
Thermal Cleaning of Silicon Nitride with Fluorine and Additive Mixture (2007)

We describe improved gas mixtures for the thermal cleaning of low pressure CVD reactors used for silicon nitride deposition. F2 and HF mixture are widely used for thermal chamber cleaning today, however the F utilization rate is low, and the required cleaning temperature is higher than desired for productivity and equipment maintenance considerations. We identified NO as a promising low concentration additive that could be used to enhance the performance of fluorine. While F2 - N2 mixtures were unable to thermally clean CVD chambers with an acceptable rate, small additions of NO dramatically improved the cleaning rate. We performed numerous experiments to optimize the thermal cleaning condition. A thermal cleaning temperature of 300C, and a cleaning gas composition of 10% F2, 2% NO with a balance of N2 at 10Torr was the best recipe identified. Experiments were also performed to clarify the gas phase chemistry and to indicate the role of the NO for improving the thermal cleaning process.
Happiness and despair on the catwalk: Need satisfaction, well-being, and personality adjustment among fashion models (2007)

According to self-determination theory, well-being and healthy personality development depend on the fulfillment of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, relatedness, and competence. However, various contextual features can interfere with need satisfaction and undermine well-being. We hypothesized that fashion models, who are often valued for superficial reasons (i.e., their looks) and who may not have regular opportunities to cultivate deep relationships or exercise personal control on the job, might experience lower psychological need satisfaction, less well-being, and less optimal personality adjustment. Two studies were conducted in which professional fashion models (N = 56 in Study 1; N = 35 in Study 2) were compared to approximately equally large groups of non-models. Fashion models reported slightly lower need satisfaction and well-being but greater personality maladjustment (personality disorder features). Mediation analyses in Study 1 suggested that the lower well-being among models was explained via unfulfilled basic needs. These findings further substantiate the importance of basic need satisfaction for well-being and optimal adjustment.
Randomized controlled trial of trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy (2013)

This phase II study provides Class II evidence that trigeminal nerve stimulation may be safe and effective in reducing seizures in people with DRE.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 and E7 Proteins and HLA-A*0201-Restricted T-Cell Peptides in Cervical Cancer Patients (2007)

Previously, we found that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E5 protein is a tumor rejection antigen and can induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Therefore, in this study, human leukocyte antigen A*0201 (HLA-A*0201)-restricted human CTL epitopes of HPV-16 E5 protein were identified using a bioinformatics approach, and the abilities of these predicted peptides to induce an immune response in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice were confirmed by assaying E5-specific CTLs and in vitro-generated CTLs from normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes of HLA-A2-positive human donors. Second, the CTL responses to HLA-A*0201 CTL epitopes (E5 63-71 and E7 11-20) were examined in HPV-16-infected patients with HLA-A2. Third, the effect of HLA-A-type alleles on CTL activities in response to the entire E5 and E7 proteins was examined in cervical cancer patients. E5 and E7 peptides (but not the whole proteins) stimulated E5- and E7-specific CTL recall responses in HPV-16- and HLA-A2-positive cervical cancer patients, and HPV-16 E5 and E7 proteins stimulated naïve T cells in HPV-16-negative cervical cancer patients with HLA-A11 and -A24 haplotypes. In summary, this is the first demonstration that E5 63-71 is an HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope of HPV-16 E5.
Noninvasive Measurements of Human Brain Temperature Using Volume-Localized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1997)

Elucidation of the role of cerebral hyperthermia as a secondary factor that worsens outcome after brain injury, and the therapeutic application of modest brain hypothermia would benefit from noninvasive measurements of absolute brain temperature. The present study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy to measure absolute brain temperature in human subjects on a clinical imaging spectroscopy system operating at a field strength of 1.5 T. In vivo calibration results were obtained from swine brain during whole-body heating and cooling, with concurrent measurements of brain temperature via implanted probes. Plots of the frequency differences between the in vivo MR peaks of water and N-acetyl-aspartate and related compounds (NAX), or water and choline and other trimethylamines versus brain temperature were linear over the temperature range studied (28-40 degrees C). These relationships were used to estimate brain temperature from 1H MR spectra obtained from 10 adult human volunteers from 4 cm3-volumes selected from the frontal lobe and thalamus. Oral and forehead temperatures were monitored concurrently with MR data collection to verify normothermia in all the subjects studied. Temperatures determined using N-acetyl-aspartate or choline as the chemical shift reference did not differ significantly, and therefore results from these estimates were averaged. The brain temperature (mean +/- SD) measured from the frontal lobe (37.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C) and thalamus (37.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C) were significantly different from each other (paired t-test, p = 0.035). We conclude that 1H MR spectroscopy provides a viable noninvasive means of measuring regional brain temperatures in normal subjects and is a promising approach for measuring temperatures in brain-injured subjects.
Aripiprazole possibly worsens psychosis (2003)

Aripirazole is a novel antipsychotic that functions as a partial agonist at the dopamine D2 receptor and, thus, might theoretically worsen psychosis. We report a series of four clinical cases of exacerbation of psychosis related to initiation of aripiprazole therapy. Cases 1 and 2 demonstrated the worsening of psychosis following initiation of aripiprazole (15-30 mg daily) while tapering off the previous atypical antipsychotic. Cases 3 and 4 demonstrated worsening of psychosis following the addition of aripiprazole (15-30 mg daily) to an atypical antipsychotic. In two out of the four cases, discontinuation of arpiprazole resulted in improvement of psychotic symptoms. Although the cases presented are suggestive of a relationship between initiation of aripiprazole therapy and worsening of psychosis, further research is needed to clarify any potential association.
Coproduction of Ethanol and Glycerol (2000)

Ethanol and glycerol are both metabolic products of yeasts. There are occasions when coproduction of both is considered desirable in industrial operations. In this article, we describe the potential of integrating the two processes. A LORRE Y8 yeast culture isolated from molasses is capable of efficient glycerol production from glucose, and a yeast Culture 1400 is an excellent producer of ethanol. By controlling the process conditions, the ratio of ethanol and glycerol production can be varied.
A staged protocol for soft-tissue management in the treatment of complex pilon fractures (2008)

Results from 53 patients with 56 complex pilon fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation in a staged manner were reported. Universal wound healing with only minimal wound complications were demonstrated.
Going back to class I: MHC and immunotherapies for childhood cancer (2014)

After decades of unfulfilled promise, immunotherapies for cancer have reached a tipping point, with several FDA approved products now on the market and many more showing promise in both adult and pediatric clinical trials. Tumor cell expression of MHC class I has emerged as a potential determinant of the therapeutic success of many immunotherapy approaches. Here we review current knowledge regarding MHC class I expression in pediatric cancers including a discussion of prognostic significance, the opposing influence of MHC on T-cell versus NK-mediated therapies, and strategies to reverse or circumvent MHC down-regulation.
MacProMass: A computer program to correlate mass spectral data to peptide and protein structures (1990)

A program known as MacProMass has been written for Macintosh computers to assist in the analysis of mass spectral data of peptides and proteins. The program employs a user friendly, graphical interface and accommodates a variety of protein structures including cyclic peptides and multiple chain proteins. In addition to molecular mass calculations for positive and negative molecular ions, MacProMass also calculates elemental composition, amino acid composition, isoelectric point, surface free energy, and high-performance liquid chromatography index values for whole structures and peptide fragments resulting from enzymatic or chemical degradation. Users can program their own amino acid residues and terminal groups. In addition to search routines for both mass and sequence, theoretical fragment ions for peptide mass spectra can be calculated. Analysis of variant proteins is facilitated with a subroutine that systematically catalogs single amino acid substitutions that correspond to mass differences between observed and expected molecular ions. Interchain and intrachain disulfide bonds and other types of linkages are maintained throughout the chemical and enzymatic degradation operations.
Synergy of Taxol and radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90-labeled chimeric L6 antibody: Efficacy and toxicity in breast cancer xenografts (1997)

Synergistic multimodality therapy is needed for breast cancer. Breast cancer frequently has p53 mutations that result in cells less likely to undergo apoptosis when exposed to DNA damaging therapies. Taxol (paclitaxel) is more effective in the presence of mutant p53. (90)Y-labeled DOTA-peptide-ChL6 ((90)Y-ChL6, where ChL6 is chimeric L6 antibody and DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid) is a novel radioimmunoconjugate for targeting radiation to cancer. It has a stable metal chelator and a peptide linker that can be catabolized by hepatic lysozymes. This study was designed to assess potential synergism between Taxol and (90)Y-ChL6 in a highly anaplastic breast cancer model, HBT 3477. There was no tumor response in mice receiving ChL6 or Taxol alone. In mice receiving (90)Y-ChL6 alone, 79% (15 of 19) of tumors responded although none were cured. If Taxol was administered 24-72 hours before (90)Y-ChL6, again, 79% (23 of 29) of tumors responded but 21% were cured. When Taxol was administered 6 or 24 hours after (90)Y-ChL6, 100% (46 of 46) of tumors responded and 48% were cured. Taxol given with (90)Y-ChL6 did not substantially increase toxicity. Enhancement of the therapeutic effect when Taxol was added to (90)Y-ChL6 therapy for HBT 3477 xenografts was striking. The synergistic therapeutic effect of Taxol with (90)Y-ChL6 may relate to the p53 mutant status and BCL2 expression in HBT 3477 cells, observations that increase the likelihood that the results of this study are relevant to therapy for breast cancer in patients. In conclusion, Taxol seemed to be synergistic with (90)Y-ChL6 in this human breast cancer model. Up to 50% of these anaplastic breast cancer xenografts were cured by combined modality therapy.
Templated Techniques for the Synthesis and Assembly of Plasmonic Nanostructures (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTTemplated Techniques for the Synthesis and Assembly of Plasmonic NanostructuresMatthew R. Jones†§, Kyle D. Osberg†§, Robert J. Macfarlane‡§, Mark R. Langille‡§, and Chad A. Mirkin*†‡§View Author Information† ‡ § †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States*Fax: (847) 467-5123. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 6, 3736–3827Publication Date (Web):June 8, 2011Publication History Received21 December 2010Published online8 June 2011Published inissue 8 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr1004452https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1004452review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47264Altmetric-Citations1050LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Genetics,Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Metals,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Protective Effect of Fosfomycin against Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity (1985)

The protective effect of fosfomycin against aminoglycoside (dibekacin)-induced ototoxicity was studied in rats. Rats were injected with 100 or 50 mg/kg of dibekacin with or without 500 mg/kg of fosfomycin for 60 or 120 consecutive days. Inner ear damage appeared to be more reduced histopathologically in animals given both dibekacin and fosfomycin than in animals given dibekacin alone. Similarly, renal damage appeared to be reduced histopathologically and functionally by the combined administration of dibekacin and fosfomycin. The mechanism of reduced ototoxicity may be as follows: fosfomycin inhibits the accumulation of dibekacin in the kidney, and reduces its concentration in the kidney and serum. Consequently, the amounts of dibekacin reaching the inner ear are decreased, and ototoxicity is reduced.