gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of program death-1 in T cells has mild impact on allograft survival (2007)

Program death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor upregulated on T cells upon TCR stimulation, has been shown to attenuate a number of immune responses in vivo, including acute allograft rejection. We tested whether constitutive expression of PD-1 would further inhibit allograft rejection. To this end, we generated transgenic mice expressing T-cell-restricted PD-1 under the control of the Lck proximal promoter and CD2 locus control. PD-1 transgenic (PD-1-Tg) mice did not develop gross abnormalities of thymic development and displayed normal numbers of thymocyte subsets and peripheral T cells. In vitro, PD-1-Tg T cells had reduced proliferative and cytokine secretion capacity upon TCR stimulation and cross-linking of PD-1 resulted in diminished phosphorylation of protein kinase C-θ and Akt, as well as increased activation of the phosphate and tensin homolog. However, only T-cell responses to minor but not major mismatches were reduced in vitro. Similarly, PD-1-Tg mice exhibited prolonged survival of cardiac allografts only in mice transplanted with heart allografts expressing multiple minor mismatches and treated with suboptimal doses of cyclosporine A. We conclude that genetic engineering of T cells to express PD-1 constitutively has only a mild impact on allograft survival.
Chromatographic Separations of Stereoisomers (1985)

Introduction. Stereoisomer Separations by Gas Chromatography. Stereoisomer Separations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Stereoisomer Separations by Other Chro-matographic Techniques. Index.
Anemia and Interleukin‐6 Are Associated with Faster Progression to End‐Stage Renal Disease (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND Various classical risk factors are associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, recently, novel risk factors have been identified. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in a population of patients with CKD stages 4 and 5. METHODS We prospectively followed renal patients at our clinic (mean glomerular filtration rate [GFR] of 16.9 mL/min) for an average of 12.4 months. The end point was initiation of dialysis. For comparisons between groups, we used Student's t ‐ and χ 2 tests. Using the Cox proportional hazard model, we regressed several independent variables on time to dialysis. We also evaluated the influence of IL‐6 on the progression of CKD, using the Kaplan–Meier method. RESULTS Ninety‐five patients (54 men; mean age, 69.4 years) participated in the study. A greater proportion of those who began dialysis were male ( p = 0.003). Their GFR ( p = 0.0001), hemoglobin ( p = 0.024), and the albumin ( p = 0.034) levels were lower and their IL‐6 was higher ( p = 0.002) than those who did not begin dialysis. We also found that male sex ( p = 0.001), hypertension ( p = 0.043), lower GFR level ( p = 0.018), lower hemoglobin level ( p = 0.039), and higher IL‐6 level ( p = 0.0001) predicted faster progression to ESRD. Patients whose IL‐6 levels were in the upper quartiles had lower kidney survival after 12 months (log rank = 35.1, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION In our population, anemia and interleukin‐6 were associated with faster progression to ESRD.
VEGF, basic-FGF, and TGF-beta in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a novel mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation (2001)

It is suggested that the reciprocal reaction of these cytokines may contribute to angiogenesis in IBD b inducing intestinal ischemia through vasoconstriction.
Casposons: a new superfamily of self-synthesizing DNA transposons at the origin of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas immunity (2014)

The casposons are a novel superfamily of mobile elements, the first family of putative self-synthesizing transposons discovered in prokaryotes. The likely contribution of capsosons to the evolution of CRISPR-Cas parallels the involvement of the RAG1 transposase in vertebrate immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, suggesting that recruitment of endonucleases from mobile elements as ready-made tools for genome manipulation is a general route of evolution of adaptive immunity.
Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in IPEC-J2 cells is mediated by mTOR but not nitric oxide (2010)

Arginine is an indispensable amino acid in neonates and is required for growth. Neonatal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are capable of arginine transport, catabolism, and synthesis and express nitric oxide (NO) synthase to produce NO from arginine. Our aim was to determine whether arginine directly stimulates IEC growth and protein synthesis and whether this effect is mediated via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and is NO-dependent. We studied neonatal porcine IEC (IPEC-J2) cultured in serum- and arginine-free medium with increasing arginine concentrations for 4 or 48 h. Our results show that arginine enhances IPEC-J2 cell survival and protein synthesis, with a maximal response at a physiological concentration (0.1-0.5 mM). Addition of arginine increased the activation of mTOR, p70 ribosomal protein S6 (p70 S6) kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The arginine-induced protein synthesis response was not inhibited by the NO inhibitors nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and aminoguanidine, despite inducible NO synthase expression in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, protein synthesis was not increased or decreased in some cases by addition of an NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine), arginine precursors (proline and citrulline) in the absence of arginine, or insulin; S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, and 4E-BP1. We found a markedly higher arginase activity in IPEC-J2 cells than in primary pig IEC. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially (42%) reduced the arginine-induced protein synthesis response and phosphorylation of mTOR and 4E-BP1. We conclude that arginine-dependent cell survival and protein synthesis signaling in IPEC-J2 cells are mediated by mTOR, but not by NO.
The Effect of Implanting Gentamicin‐Impregnated Polymethylmethacrylate Beads in the Tarsocrural Joint of the Horse (2001)

Temporary intra-articular administration of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA may be an effective way to treat septic joints that require constant high concentrations of antibiotics.
Circadian Rhythms in Man (1965)

Like many animals, humans have adjusted to the natural environment so as to be prepared for efficient activity during daytime and to rest at night. As the basis of this program, almost all structures and functions undergo regular changes within 24 hours. Such rhythms have been described in physiological parameters, such as hormone levels in blood plasma, blood pressure and heart rate, body temperature, and sleep propensity, and in behavioral parameters, such as mood, reaction time, computation speed, and performance in learning tasks. These rhythms normally keep distinct phase-relationships with each other, implying a high degree of internal temporal order. In principle, this rhythmicity is maintained when subjects are sleep deprived, when they are starved, or when they receive equal amounts of food at short intervals over the day. The timing of single meals, however, may influence the pattern of some variables, and the sleep-wake cycle can have phase-setting as well as masking effects on the instantaneous value of rhythms as especially known for body temperature and some hormones.
Streamlining the design of promising clinical trials: in-vitro testing of antithrombotic regimens and multiple agonists of platelet activation (2009)

Platelets are activated in vivo by multiple agonists; however, platelet function testing in vitro has been performed predominantly with only one or two agonists of platelet activation. Greater insight into anticipated effects of antithrombotic regimens should enhance the design of successful clinical trials. To test this concept, we assessed platelet activation induced by multiple agonists and two antithrombotic regimens, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and eptifibatide compared with bivalirudin and cangrelor. Blood samples from 10 patients with coronary artery disease were spiked with pharmacologic concentrations achieved in vivo of either UFH (1.2 U/ml) and eptifibatide (1.7 μg/ml), or with bivalirudin (8 μg/ml) and cangrelor (500 nmol/l). Platelet function was assessed with the use of flow cytometry. Agonists included thrombin (50 nmol/l), adenosine diphosphate (1 μmol/l), the collagen-mimetic convulxin (5 ng/ml), and platelet-activating factor (10 nmol/l). When platelet activation was identified by the surface expression of P-selectin in response to multiple agonists, the combination of bivalirudin and cangrelor suppressed activation more than UFH and eptifibatide. When platelet activation was identified by the activation of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (PAC-1 binding), the combination of bivalirudin and cangrelor was more effective in suppressing activation in response to thrombin and adenosine diphosphate, whereas UFH and eptifibatide more effectively prevented binding of PAC-1 when platelets were activated with the collagen-mimetic convulxin. In conclusion, bivalirudin and cangrelor suppressed platelet activation in response to diverse agonists in vitro more than UFH and eptifibatide. These results and this approach to selection of promising interventions should be helpful in streamlining the design of clinical trials.
A simple analysis of an inductive RF discharge (1992)

The electrical properties of an inductive low pressure RF discharge have been analysed by considering the discharge to be a one-turn secondary of an air-core transformer. Expressions for spatially averaged quantities representing familiar discharge parameters such as the voltage, current and electric field have been determined as functions of measured electrical parameters of the primary circuit. Based on an analytical expression relating the coupling between the electrical characteristics of the primary coil and the plasma load, scaling laws for plasma parameters and the RF power distribution between the inductor coil and the discharge have been determined. The analysis developed here was applied to a collisionally dominated inductive RF discharge in a mercury-rare gas mixture. It may also be applied as a practical design and optimization tool for a plasma processing source based on an inductive discharge.
Fast Pattern Matching in Strings (1977)

An algorithm is presented which finds all occurrences of one given string within another, in running time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the strings. The constant of proportionality is low enough to make this algorithm of practical use, and the procedure can also be extended to deal with some more general pattern-matching problems. A theoretical application of the algorithm shows that the set of concatenations of even palindromes, i.e., the language $\{\alpha \alpha ^R\}^*$, can be recognized in linear time. Other algorithms which run even faster on the average are also considered.
Quantitation of mRNA by the polymerase chain reaction. (1989)

A method for the quantitation of specific mRNA species by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed by using a synthetic RNA as an internal standard. The specific target mRNA and the internal standard are coamplified in one reaction in which the same primers are used. The amount of mRNA is then quantitated by extrapolating against the standard curve generated with the internal standard. The synthetic internal standard RNA consists of a linear array of the sequences of upstream primers of multiple target genes followed by the complementary sequences to their downstream primers in the same order. This quantitative PCR method provides a rapid and reliable way to quantify the amount of a specific mRNA in a sample of less than 0.1 ng of total RNA. In addition, the same internal standard RNA is used, with appropriate primer pairs, to quantitate multiple different mRNA species.
A new linearization technique for MOSFET RF amplifier using multiple gated transistors (2000)

A simple linearization technique using multiple gated common source transistors is proposed where gate width and gate drive (V/sub gs/-V/sub th/) of each transistor are chosen to compensate for the nonlinear characteristics of the main transistor. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a prototype double-gated RF amplifier using two MOSFETs is implemented and its RF characteristics are compared with those of a single one. The results show that, compared with a conventional single-gate transistor amplifier, the third order intermodulation (IMD/sub 3/) is improved by 6 dB with similar gain, fundamental output power, and DC power consumption. Because the auxiliary transistor is smaller than the main one and biased at subthreshold, adding this does not affect amplifier characteristics appreciably other than the nonlinearity. With further optimization using multiple gated transistors, much better nonlinear performance per power consumption would be expected.
ALLOGENEIC BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE CELLS INDUCE THE HISTOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF LUNG ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN RECIPIENT MURINE LUNGS (1999)

These data show that ICAM-1 on donor lung accessory cells mediates differential effects on the histology and immunology of acute lung allograft rejection.
Metabolite and light regulation of metabolism in plants: lessons from the study of a single biochemical pathway (2001)

We are using molecular, biochemical, and genetic approaches to study the structural and regulatory genes controlling the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen into the amino acids glutamine, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine. These amino acids serve as the principal nitrogen-transport amino acids in most crop and higher plants including Arabidopsis thaliana. We have begun to investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling nitrogen assimilation into these amino acids in plants using molecular and genetic approaches in Arabidopsis. The synthesis of the amide amino acids glutamine and asparagine is subject to tight regulation in response to environmental factors such as light and to metabolic factors such as sucrose and amino acids. For instance, light induces the expression of glutamine synthetase (GLN2) and represses expression of asparagine synthetase (ASN1) genes. This reciprocal regulation of GLN2 and ASN1 genes by light is reflected at the level of transcription and at the level of glutamine and asparagine biosynthesis. Moreover, we have shown that the regulation of these genes is also reciprocally controlled by both organic nitrogen and carbon metabolites. We have recently used a reverse genetic approach to study putative components of such metabolic sensing mechanisms in plants that may be conserved in evolution. These components include an Arabidopsis homolog for a glutamate receptor gene originally found in animal systems and a plant PII gene, which is a homolog of a component of the bacterial Ntr system. Based on our observations on the biology of both structural and regulatory genes of the nitrogen assimilatory pathway, we have developed a model for metabolic control of the genes involved in the nitrogen assimilatory pathway in plants.
REBASE: restriction enzymes and methyltransferases (2003)

REBASE contains comprehensive information about restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases and related proteins such as nicking enzymes, specificity subunits and control proteins. It contains published and unpublished references, recognition and cleavage sites, isoschizomers, commercial availability, crystal and sequence data. Homing endonucleases are also included. REBASE contains the most complete and up-to-date information about the methylation sensitivity of restriction endonucleases. In addition, there is extensive information about the known and putative restriction-modification (R-M) systems in more than 100 sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes. The data is available on the web (http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html), through ftp (ftp.neb.com) and as monthly updates via email.
Sex Differences in Phase Angle of Entrainment and Melatonin Amplitude in Humans (2010)

Studies of sex differences in the timing of human circadian rhythms have reported conflicting results. This may be because the studies conducted to date have not controlled for the masking effects of the rest activity cycle on the circadian rhythms being assessed. In the present analysis of data collected under controlled conditions, we examined sex differences in the timing of circadian rhythms while minimizing masking from behavioral and environmental factors using a constant routine (CR) protocol. All participants (28 women and 28 men paired by habitual wake time; age range, 18 30 years) maintained a regular self selected sleep wake schedule at home prior to the study. After 3 baseline days in the laboratory, participants began a CR. Women were found to have a significantly higher melatonin amplitude and lower temperature amplitude than men. While sleep timing was the same between the 2 groups, the timing of the circadian rhythms of core body temperature and pineal melatonin secretion was earlier relative to sleep time in women as compared to men. Sleep therefore occurred at a later biological time for women than men, despite being at the same clock time. Given that sleep propensity and structure vary with circadian phase and are impacted by circulating melatonin, these findings may have important implications for understanding sex differences in sleep timing and duration, diurnal preference, and the prevalence of sleep disorders such as insomnia.
Climate change detection in natural systems by Bayesian methods (2009)

The presented PhD thesis focuses on climate change detection in natural systems by Bayesian analysis. 
Long-term (>30 years) phenological time series of different species and temperature time series are analysed within Europe. In one study global atmospheric temperature data sets from the troposphere to the stratosphere are used. 
The Bayesian approach offers new possibilities including robust model selection for time series description, assessment of functional behaviour and rates of change with uncertainty margins.
The separation of temporal and spatial changes in phenology and temperature time series as well as the potential to judge and incorporate outputs of competing mathematical models is an attractive contribution to the studies of climate change and of its multiple impacts.
Framework for land acquisition and resettlement (2003)

The Rural Investment and Local Government Project for Cambodia will support the Seila program which promotes governmental decentralization and increased local participation. Supported infrastructure subprojects are small in scale and generally cause little or no significant adverse impacts. Possible loss of land or loss of access to other resources will be mitigated by following a Framework for Land Acquisition Policy and Procedures. Subproject screening will ensure that no major land acquisition or resettlement related impacts occurred and will require subproject confirmation that no involuntary land acquisition is required; as well a land acquisition report. The Provincial Planning and Investment Component, in which civil works may be initiated and implemented by provincial officials, may involve land acquisition. This will be determined annually during the course of project implementation, and be mitigated by following the Framework for Land Acquisition and Resettlement.
Some Notes on the History of Parametric Transducers (1960)

This paper summarizes briefly the chronology of the development of parametric transducers. The early works of Michael Faraday (1831), F. Melde (1859), and Lord Rayleigh (1883) are cited as mechanical examples and the pioneering work of L. Kühn, J. Zenneck, E. F. W. Alexanderson and R. V. L. Hartley are cited as electrical examples. A very brief résumé of selected contributions follows, dating from the work on H. Q. North's diodes in 1945 to the present flurry of excitement beginning in 1954, created by the development of the Signal Corps-Bell Laboratories Task 8 varactor diodes. A list of 200 selected references is included.
[Production of anti-33kDa protein monoclonal antibody and organ-specificity of 33kDa protein]. (1991)

We produced monoclonal antibody TS-SC6 specific for 33kDa protein (33K) from bovine retina and studied the localization of 33K in mammalian retinas (rat, mouse, bovine, guinea pig and human) and pineal gland of rat. An immunohistochemical study showed that TS-SC6 reacted with the outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL) and rod inner segments (IS) in rat, ONL, IS and IS in mouse and guinea pig. It reacted with ONL and rod outer segments (OS) in bovine, ONL and OS in human. Immunoreactivity was seen in the pineal gland, but there was no immunoreactivity in the central nervous system surrounding the pineal gland. Immunoblot analysis was carried out with soluble fractions prepared from the retina, pineal gland, cerebrum, liver, kidney and intestine of rats. TS-SC6 reacted with 33K of the retina and pineal gland, respectively. However, it did not react with soluble fractions from the other tissues.
Passive location of mobile cellular telephone terminals (2002)

The strengths and weaknesses are discussed of various elements of possible methods for determining the location of cellular telephones using the North American AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) analog cellular telephone standard which require no modifications or assistance from the mobile units. Each element suffers from multipath effects and requires different levels of hardware addition at the cell sites. It is found that the combined use of interferometric and SAT (supervisory audio tone) tone ranging techniques may be useful for inferring the locations of mobile cellular telephones. The use of contours of constant field strength is less desirable because of variations between mobile units, variations in emissions from mobile units, and ambient environmental considerations. As with most UHF communications systems, multipath effects will afflict each of the location techniques discussed. Interference from mobile telephones operating in nearby cells on the same frequency as the target mobile telephone will be sources of corruption to the various measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>