gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current State of Nerve Stimulation Technique for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children (2011)

Clinical controlled trials vs sham devices and predictable variables for successful response are urgently needed to address an apparently renewed focus on the use of nerve stimulation in the treatment of pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms.
Cancer cells harboring MET gene amplification activate alternative signaling pathways to escape MET inhibition but remain sensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors (2009)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) receptor c-Met is implicated in growth, invasion and metastasis of many tumors. Tumor cells harboring MET gene amplification are initially sensitive to c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), but escape from long-term treatment has not been investigated. C-Met is a client of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and is destabilized by Hsp90 inhibitors, suggesting that these drugs may inhibit tumors driven by MET amplification, although tumor escape under these conditions also has not been explored. Here, we evaluated the initial inhibitory effects of, and the likelihood of escape from, the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and the c-Met TKI SU11274, using two cell lines harboring MET gene amplification. 17-AAG inhibited cell growth in both cell lines and induced substantial apoptosis, whereas SU11274 was only growth inhibitory in one cell line. In both cell lines, c-Met-dependent Akt, Erk and/or STAT3 signaling, as well as activation of the EGFR family, resumed shortly after treatment with c-Met TKI despite sustained c-Met inhibition. PKC delta upregulation may participate in reactivation of c-Met downstream signaling in both cell lines. In contrast to c-Met TKI, 17-AAG destabilized c-Met protein and durably blocked reactivation of downstream signaling pathways and EGFR family members. Our data demonstrate that downstream signaling in tumor cells overexpressing c-Met is not stably suppressed by c-Met TKI, even though c-Met remains fully inhibited. In contrast, Hsp90 inhibitors provide long-lasting suppression of c-Met-dependent signaling, and these drugs should be further evaluated in tumors driven by MET gene amplification.
HER-2/neu expression in archival non-small cell lung carcinomas using FDA-approved Hercep test. (2000)

HER-2/neu is a 185 kDa glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Overexpressed in 25-30% of primary breast carcinomas, HER-2/neu is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Recently the FDA approved an antibody to HER-2/neu, trastuzumab (Herceptin), for the treatment of HER-2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancers. Relatively little is known about HER-2/neu status and lung cancers. We reasoned that if HER-2/neu status could be ascertained in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), and a clinical correlation can be established, a rationale for the use of Herceptin in this tumor type could be established. Using a FDA-approved standardized diagnostic kit, HercepTest, for detection of HER-2/neu in clinical specimens, we examined the expression of HER-2/neu in NSCLCs in archival paraffin-embedded specimens (N = 81). In normal epithelium, HER-2/neu expression was not detected in a majority of samples (74/81). HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 27% of the tumors of different histological types including adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. Poor to moderately differentiated, but not well differentiated tumors showed overexpression of HER-2/neu. The specificity of HercepTest was further increased (from 27% to 21%) when the expression in the few normal tissues was subtracted from the tumor score. HER-2/neu may offer an attractive predictive and prognostic factor for NSCLC.
Aufbaureaktion Redux: Scalable Production of Precision Hydrocarbons from AlR3 (R=Et or iBu) by Dialkyl Zinc Mediated Ternary Living Coordinative Chain‐Transfer Polymerization (2010)

Metal ménage à trois: Rapid and reversible chain transfer under living conditions between an active transition-metal propagating species, AlR3 as a primary surrogate, and a catalytic amount of ZnR2 as a secondary surrogate and chain-transfer mediator provides a cost-effective, scalable process for the production of precision hydrocarbons. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Growth of juvenile Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Pisces: Clupeidae) in MERL mesocosms: Effects of eutrophication (1990)

Growth and mortality of recently hatched Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) were examined for 7 months under two levels of nutrient enrichment (with and without silicate enhancement) and control conditions in experimental marine mesocosms (13 m3), Results from six plankton-dominated systems confirmed the often hypothesized but rarely demonstrated link between nutrient loading, food quantity, and growth in marine fish. Weekly abundance and mortality were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) between controls and treatment mesocosms. On the other hand, von Bertalanffy’s growth coefficients and mean asymptotic sizes of juvenile Atlantic menhaden were significantly different (P < 0.05), with highest values in the two silicate-enhanced systems, intermediate values in the nutrient-addition tanks, and lowest values in the two control systems. Growth and size were significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated (r2 = 0.98) with mean food availability (measured as the sum of phytoplankton plus zooplankton carbon), which in turn was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated (r2 = 0.94) with nutrient loading (measured as the input of N+P+Si).
As I was saying (1990)

Ageing is more than having fun. Pat Young questions why the media and advertising services seem to have difficulty in treating old people as intelligent, normal adults.
Attack class: address spoofing (1997)

We present an analysis of a class of attacks we call address spoofing. Fundamentals of internetwork routing and communication are presented, followed by a discussion of the address spoofing class. The attack class is made concrete with a discussion of a well known incident. We conclude by dispelling several myths of purported security solutions including the security provided by one-time passwords. 1
SiGe BiCMOS technology for communication products (2004)

SiGe BiCMOS technology is reviewed with focus on recent advances including the achievement of >200 GHz Ft and Fmax SiGe transistors, integration with generic 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS, and the realization of low-cost nodes for the integration of wireless transceivers. Record-breaking wireless and wire-line circuit examples are also provided.
Practice Guidelines for Central Venous Access (2012)

P RACTICE Guidelines are systematically developed rec- ommendations that assist the practitioner and patient in making decisions about health care. These recommendations may be adopted, modified, or rejected according to clinical needs and constraints, and are not intended to replace local institutional policies. In addition, Practice Guidelines developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) are not intended as standards or absolute requirements, and their use cannot guarantee any specific outcome. Practice Guidelines are subject to revision as warranted by the evolution of medical knowledge, technology, and practice. They provide basic recommendations that are supported by a synthesis and analysis of the current literature, expert and practitioner opinion, open forum commentary, and clinical feasibility data.
Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (2000)

This paper describes two techniques that improve throughput in an ad hoc network in the presence of nodes that agree to forward packets but fail to do so. To mitigate this problem, we propose categorizing nodes based upon their dynamically measured behavior. We use a watchdog that identifies misbehaving nodes and a pathrater that helps routing protocols avoid these nodes. Through simulation we evaluate watchdog and pathrater using packet throughput, percentage of overhead (routing) transmissions, and the accuracy of misbehaving node detection. When used together in a network with moderate mobility, the two techniques increase throughput by 17% in the presence of 40% misbehaving nodes, while increasing the percentage of overhead transmissions from the standard routing protocol's 9% to 17%. During extreme mobility, watchdog and pathrater can increase network throughput by 27%, while increasing the overhead transmissions from the standard routing protocol's 12% to 24%.
Pharmacological inhibition of VIP signaling enhances antiviral immunity and improves survival in murine cytomegalovirus-infected allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients (2013)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-BMT) is controlled by donor-derived cellular immunity. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) suppresses Th1 immunity. We hypothesized that blocking VIP-signaling would enhance anti-CMV immunity in murine recipients of allo-BMT. Recipients were transplanted with bone marrow (BM) and T-cells from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched VIP-knockout (KO) or wild-type donors, and treated with 7 daily subcutaneous injections of VIPhyb (peptidic VIP-antagonist) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Genetic and pharmacological blockade of VIP-signaling protected allo-BMT recipients from lethal murine CMV (mCMV) infection, improving survival without increasing graft-versus-host disease. Mice treated with VIPhyb or transplanted with VIP-KO allografts had significantly lower viral loads, increased numbers of mCMV-M45-peptide-MHC-tetramer(+) CD8(+) T-cells, with lower PD-1 expression, and enhanced primary and secondary cellular immune responses after mCMV infection than did PBS-treated mice. These results demonstrate that administration of a VIP antagonist after allo-BMT is a promising safely therapeutic approach to enhance antiviral cellular immunity.
Dual Function for U2AF 35 in AG-Dependent Pre-mRNA Splicing (2001)

The splicing factor U2AF is required for the recruitment of U2 small nuclear RNP to pre-mRNAs in higher eukaryotes. The 65-kDa subunit of U2AF (U2AF(65)) binds to the polypyrimidine (Py) tract preceding the 3' splice site, while the 35-kDa subunit (U2AF(35)) contacts the conserved AG dinucleotide at the 3' end of the intron. It has been shown that the interaction between U2AF(35) and the 3' splice site AG can stabilize U2AF(65) binding to weak Py tracts characteristic of so-called AG-dependent pre-mRNAs. U2AF(35) has also been implicated in arginine-serine (RS) domain-mediated bridging interactions with splicing factors of the SR protein family bound to exonic splicing enhancers (ESE), and these interactions can also stabilize U2AF(65) binding. Complementation of the splicing activity of nuclear extracts depleted of U2AF by chromatography in oligo(dT)-cellulose requires, for some pre-mRNAs, only the presence of U2AF(65). In contrast, splicing of a mouse immunoglobulin M (IgM) M1-M2 pre-mRNA requires both U2AF subunits. In this report we have investigated the sequence elements (e.g., Py tract strength, 3' splice site AG, ESE) responsible for the U2AF(35) dependence of IgM. The results indicate that (i) the IgM substrate is an AG-dependent pre-mRNA, (ii) U2AF(35) dependence correlates with AG dependence, and (iii) the identity of the first nucleotide of exon 2 is important for U2AF(35) function. In contrast, RS domain-mediated interactions with SR proteins bound to the ESE appear to be dispensable, because the purine-rich ESE present in exon M2 is not essential for U2AF(35) activity and because a truncation mutant of U2AF(35) consisting only of the pseudo-RNA recognition motif domain and lacking the RS domain is active in our complementation assays. While some of the effects of U2AF(35) can be explained in terms of enhanced U2AF(65) binding, other activities of U2AF(35) do not correlate with increased cross-linking of U2AF(65) to the Py tract. Collectively, the results argue that interaction of U2AF(35) with a consensus 3' splice site triggers events in spliceosome assembly in addition to stabilizing U2AF(65) binding, thus revealing a dual function for U2AF(35) in pre-mRNA splicing.
Wavelet compression of ECG signals by the set partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm (2000)

A wavelet electrocardiogram (ECG) data codec based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is proposed in this paper. The SPIHT algorithm [1] has achieved notable success in still image coding. We modified the algorithm for the one-dimensional case and applied it to compression of ECG data. Experiments on selected records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database revealed that the proposed codec is significantly more efficient in compression and in computation than previously proposed ECG compression schemes. The coder also attains exact bit rate control and generates a bit stream progressive in quality or rate.
TYPE CONVERSION AND n-p JUNCTION FORMATION IN Hg1−xCdxTe PRODUCED BY PROTON BOMBARDMENT (1971)

We have fabricated n-p junction photovoltaic detectors in Hg1−xCdxTe with x=0.50, 0.31, and 0.25 using proton bombardment to create the n-type layer. Peak detection sensitivities were in the wavelength range 1.6–6 μm. Although high-sensitivity photodiodes were obtained with each composition, the best results were obtained with the x=0.31 material, which has a peak response at 3.8 μm. At 77°K, 15-mil×15-mil diodes made with this material had zero-bias impedances of several megaohms. The peak detectivity at 3.8μ was 9×1011 cmHz1/2/W in reduced background and the quantum efficiency at the peak was 29%.
Deposition of aligned bamboo-like carbon nanotubes via microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2000)

Aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes have been grown on silicon substrates by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane/ammonia mixtures. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the nanotubes are well aligned with high aspect ratio and growth direction normal to the substrate. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the majority phase has a bamboo-like structure. Data are also presented showing process variable effects on the size and microstructure of the aligned nanotubes, giving insight into possible nucleation and growth mechanisms for the process.
Super-human multi-talker speech recognition: the IBM 2006 speech separation challenge system (2006)

We describe a system for model based speech separation which achieves super-human recognition performance when two talkers speak at similar levels. The system can separate the speech of two speakers from a single channel recording with remarkable results. It incorporates a novel method for performing two-talker speaker identification and gain estimation. We extend the method of model based high resolution signal reconstruction to incorporate temporal dynamics. We report on two methods for introducing dynamics; the first uses dynamics in the acoustic model space, the second incorporates dynamics based on sentence grammar. The addition of temporal constraints leads to dramatic improvements in the separation performance. Once the signals have been separated they are then recognized using speaker dependent labeling.
Residues 484-508 Contain a Major Determinant of the Inhibitory Epitope in the A2 Domain of Human Factor VIII (1995)

The A2 domain (residues 373-740) of human blood coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) contains a major epitope for inhibitory alloantibodies and autoantibodies. We took advantage of the differential reactivity of inhibitory antibodies with human and porcine fVIII and mapped a major determinant of the A2 epitope by using a series of active recombinant hybrid human/porcine fVIII molecules. Hybrids containing a substitution of porcine sequence at segment 410-508, 445-508, or 484-508 of the human A2 domain were not inhibited by a murine monoclonal antibody A2 inhibitory, mAb 413, whereas hybrids containing substitutions at 387-403, 387-444, and 387-468 were inhibited by mAb 413. This indicates that the segment bounded by Arg484 and Ile508 contains a major determinant of the A2 epitope. mAb 413 did not inhibit two more hybrids that contained porcine substitutions at residues 484-488 and 489-508, indicating that amino acid side chains on both sides of the Ser488-Arg489 bond within the Arg484-Ile508 segment contribute to the A2 epitope. The 484-508, 484-488, and 489-508 porcine substitution hybrids displayed decreased inhibition by A2 inhibitors from four patient plasmas, suggesting that there is little variation in the structure of the A2 epitope in the inhibitor population.
Sterile shunt malfunction (1984)

Recently, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to silicone plastics has been demonstrated in some patients with breast and joint implants and subcutaneously injected silicone. In this study, the authors examined the internal surface of shunting systems to evaluate the cellular response to implanted silicone plastic. The distal peritoneal tubing from 20 patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Twelve tubes were removed because of documented distal shunt malfunction and eight for an elective lengthening procedure. Cultures of all tubing were negative. The catheters removed for malfunction contained a variety of cells: sometimes in clumps, sometimes associated with platelets and densely adherent to the silicone tubing wall. In several shunts, giant cells were seen with multiple foot processes adherent to the internal silicone surface. The internal surface of the tubing of two malfunctioning shunts was embedded in electron microscopy plastic and studied with transmission electron microscopy. The cells proved to be neutrophils with no evidence of silicone granules inside the cell bodies. The shunts removed for elective revision showed only a few cells, and those were never associated with platelets. There was proteinaceous material scattered on the internal surface of the tubing, but the cellular response was markedly different from that in malfunctioning shunts. The authors postulate that the findings in malfunctioning shunt tubing represent a delayed hypersensitivity to silicone similar to that seen with other types of silicone implants.
Bulk Spin-Resonance Quantum Computation (1997)

Quantum computation remains an enormously appealing but elusive goal. It is appealing because of its potential to perform superfast algorithms, such as finding prime factors in polynomial time, but also elusive because of the difficulty of simultaneously manipulating quantum degrees of freedom while preventing environmentally induced decoherence. A new approach to quantum computing is introduced based on the use of multiple-pulse resonance techniques to manipulate the small deviation from equilibrium of the density matrix of a macroscopic ensemble so that it appears to be the density matrix of a much lower dimensional pure state. A complete prescription for quantum computing is given for such a system.
Overexpression confers an oncogenic potential upon the eph gene. (1990)

The eph gene encodes a putative receptor tyrosine kinase for an as yet unknown ligand. Some human cancer cells have been found to overexpress eph mRNAs without gene amplification. We show here that NIH3T3 cells acquire tumorigenic ability in nude mice and make colonies in soft agar with a viral LTR (Long Terminal Repeat)-driven artificial expression of the eph gene to a high level. This result supports the alleged contribution of overexpressed receptor tyrosine kinases to cell transformation.
Pronuclear Microinjection of Purified Artificial Chromosomes for Generation of Transgenic Mice: Pick-and-Inject Technique (2004)

Mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs) are appealing vectors for transgenesis and gene therapy applications. Their principal benefits include large DNA-carrying capacity and the ability to replicate in synchrony with the host genome. In addition, introducing genes into artificial chromosomes eliminates the disadvantages of integrating exogenous DNA into the host genome—variegated gene expression and insertional mutagenesis.
Exploiting fundamental properties of SAR data for compression of tactical SAR imagery (2005)

This paper introduces a technique that exploits the statistical properties of complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to effectively compress tactical SAR imagery. The technique combines Fourier transforms and analysis/synthesis algorithms into a hybrid compression architecture that exploits the temporal correlation of the complex radar returns. In addition the technique incorporates the fact that the viewable SAR image is based on the magnitude of the complex imagery. This enables a vocoding technique that can preserve the frequency information and discard the phase information with little perceptual degradation in the image content. Finally the holographic property of SAR is also exploited. The performance of the new algorithm is compared with the JPEG compression standard. The results show that compression ratios of over 100:1 are achievable and far surpass the compression capabilities of the conventional JPEG algorithm
Inhalation of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Ozone Causes Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Healthy Adults (2002)

Short-term inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone at concentrations that occur in the urban environment causes acute conduit artery vasoconstriction.
Priming with Interferon-α 1 or Interferon-α 2 Enhances the Production of Both Subtypes Simultaneously (1995)

A short period of incubation with interferon-alpha ("priming") increases the amounts of IFN-alpha formed by human peripheral blood leukocytes when subsequently induced with a virus. We investigated specifically the effect of priming on the production of two individual subtypes, IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2. The rate of interferon synthesis and the amounts formed were equally potentiated in leukocytes primed with either IFN-alpha 1 or IFN-alpha 2. Whichever of these was used for priming had no selective effect on the relative increased production of IFN-alpha 1 or IFN-alpha 2.
Rapid, Robust, and Reliable Blind Deconvolution via Nonconvex Optimization (2016)

We study the question of reconstructing two signals $f$ and $g$ from their convolution $y = f\ast g$. This problem, known as {\em blind deconvolution}, pervades many areas of science and technology, including astronomy, medical imaging, optics, and wireless communications. A key challenge of this intricate non-convex optimization problem is that it might exhibit many local minima. We present an efficient numerical algorithm that is guaranteed to recover the exact solution, when the number of measurements is (up to log-factors) slightly larger than the information-theoretical minimum, and under reasonable conditions on $f$ and $g$. The proposed regularized gradient descent algorithm converges at a geometric rate and is provably robust in the presence of noise. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first blind deconvolution algorithm that is numerically efficient, robust against noise, and comes with rigorous recovery guarantees under certain subspace conditions. Moreover, numerical experiments do not only provide empirical verification of our theory, but they also demonstrate that our method yields excellent performance even in situations beyond our theoretical framework.
Homeostasis Model Assessment Is a Reliable Indicator of Insulin Resistance During Follow-up of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

HOMA-IR may constitute a useful method not only for diagnosing insulin resistance, but also for follow-up during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.