gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Advanced Digoxin Intoxication with Fab Fragments of Digoxin-Specific Antibodies (1976)

Purified Fab fragments of ovine digoxin-specific antibodies reversed severe digoxin intoxication in a patient who had taken 22.5 mg of the drug with suicidal intent. Atrioventricular block with extreme bradycardia was temporarily managed by pacing, but progressive, intractable hyperkalemia (serum potassium of 8.7 meq per liter) with increasing pacing threshold and progressive intraventricular conduction delay was controlled only after infusion of 1100 mg of Fab. Sinus rhythm returned 10 minutes after completion of Fab infusion. Within five hours, the serum potassium concentration fell to 4.0 meq per liter. Free digoxin concentrations in serum fell sharply to undetectable levels, whereas total serum digoxin concentration concomitantly increased 12-fold. Renal excretion of digoxin bound to Fab was documented. Reversal of toxicity was not accompanied by hemodynamic instability, and antibodies to sheep Fab fragments were not detected in the patient's serum after treatment. Thus, purified digoxin-specific Fab fragments are capable of rapid reversal of advanced digoxin toxicity.
Immunoglobulin chain recombination among antidigoxin antibodies by hybridoma-hybridoma fusion. (1987)

Conditions necessary for in vitro chain recombination of high affinity (10(9) to 10(12) M-1) antidigoxin monoclonal antibodies resulted in decreased affinity for both intact "native" and chain recombinant molecules. Chain recombination by somatic cell fusion was used instead to study the effects on antigen specificity and idiotypy of recombinants in which an homologous light (L) chain substituted for the parental L chain. The antidigoxin antibody 26-10 utilizes a VL sequence highly homologous to that of antibody 40-20, an antidigoxin antibody which uses a different VH gene than does 26-10 and lacks significant reactivity with an anti-26-10 idiotypic serum. The drug-marked antidigoxin cell line 26-10 (gamma 2a, kappa) and a drug-marked light chain producing variant of antidigoxin hybridoma 45-20 (lambda 1) which lacks both digoxin binding and idiotypy were fused. The fusion progeny (gamma 2a, kappa, lambda 1) which binds digoxin and is idiotype-positive, was selected for kappa loss (resulting in loss of digoxin and idiotype binding) and then fused with a heavy (H) chain loss variant of antidigoxin hybridoma 40-20 (kappa, digoxin nonbinding, idiotype negative). The resultant cell line CR-57 (gamma 2a, kappa, lambda) secretes antibodies which assemble the 26-10 H chain with both the 40-20 kappa-chain and the 45-20 lambda 1-chain. The affinity purified recombinant species consisting of 26-10 H chain and 40-20 kappa-chain expresses complete 26-10 idiotypic determinants. However, this recombinant antibody binds digoxin with decreased affinity and altered specificity relative to native 26-10. The binding specificity pattern nonetheless is most similar to the H chain donor. Amino acid and nucleotide sequence analyses of the respective light chains demonstrate six variable region differences between them, two of which are in complementarity-determining regions and the remainder in the framework. Hybridoma-hybridoma fusion provides an alternative to in vitro chain recombination for studying the contribution of chain combinational diversity to antibody diversity, antigen binding, and idiotypy.
Neutron-capture therapy of human cancer: in vivo results on tumor localization of boron-10-labeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen in the GW-39 tumor model system. (1984)

Antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was conjugated with p-[1,2-dicarba-closo-[1-3H]do-decaboran(12)-2-yl] benzenediazonium ion by an azo-coupling reaction, resulting in 30 boron atoms per IgG molecule with no loss of antibody protein. Antibody immunoreactivity was not appreciably affected by this conjugation and was stable after incubation in vitro in hamster plasma for 24 hr. The efficacy of the boron-conjugated anti-CEA IgG for localizing selectively in CEA-containing human colonic carcinomas propagated in the hind leg musculature of hamsters was evaluated by labeling the antibodies with 131I and determining distribution of the radioactivity in vivo. The results show that the boron-conjugated antibodies retain selective localization in the tumors, thus indicating their suitability for transporting boron-10 to tumors for use in neutron-capture therapy of cancer.
Affinity of galectin-8 and its carbohydrate recognition domains for ligands in solution and at the cell surface (2007)

Galectin-8 has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), the N-terminal Gal-8N and the C-terminal Gal-8C linked by a peptide, and has various effects on cell adhesion and signaling. To understand the mechanism for these effects further, we compared the binding activities of galectin-8 in solution with its binding and activation of cells. We used glycan array analysis to broaden the specificity profile of the two galectin-8 CRDs, as well as intact galectin-8s (short and long linker), confirming the unique preference for sulfated and sialylated glycans of Gal-8N. Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay, we examined the solution affinities for a subset of these glycans, the highest being 50 nM for NeuAcalpha2,3Lac by Gal-8N. Thus, carbohydrate-protein interactions can be of high affinity without requiring multivalency. More importantly, using fluorescence polarization, we also gained information on how the affinity is built by multiple weak interactions between different fragments of the glycan and its carrier molecule and the galectin CRD subsites (A-E). In intact galectin-8 proteins, the two domains act independently of each other in solution, whereas at a surface they act together. Ligands with moderate or weak affinity for the isolated CRDs on the array are bound strongly by intact galectin-8s. Also galectin-8 binding and signaling at cell surfaces can be explained by combined binding of the two CRDs to low or medium affinity ligands, and their highest affinity ligands, such as sialylated galactosides, are not required.
Fabrication of metal field emitter arrays on polycrystalline silicon (1997)

Cone-shaped metal field emitter arrays were fabricated on a single heavily doped polysilicon layer. From the observation of the metal field emitter fabricated on the single-polysilicon layer, it was noticed that the irregular shape of the gate aperture was caused by the large grain size of heavily doped polysilicon after oxidation. Therefore, in order to obtain a good shape, the double layers of polysilicon where one was heavily doped and the other was not doped were used. The undoped polysilicon layer was consumed for the gate oxide layer and the doped polysilicon layer was used to serve as a conducting cathode layer. The small grain size of the undoped polysilicon after oxidation led to an improved shape of the gate aperture which rendered a stable emission characteristic.
Automated assembly of pre-equated language proficiency tests (1994)

This study examines the effectiveness of an automated language proficiency test assembly system introduced at the Lackland Air Force Base Defense Language Institute English Language Center in several stages over the past year. Since it is desirable that the recently recalibrated item bank and newly implemented test assembly hardware and software be effective in the rapid generation of equivalent test forms, the criteria of effectiveness adopted for this study have been the established classical standards of test equivalence. Thus, the focus of the study is on the investigation of the equivalence of mean score difficulty, total score variance and intercorrelation covariance across ECL test forms. An experimental comparison of four randomly selected, computer-generated ECL test forms was made employing a representative sample of 338 ELC examinees. Results indicated that a high level of test-form equivalence and uniformly high internal consistency evidence exist across ECL test forms, exceeding the levels present in any known commer cially available language tests. It was concluded that the automated system meets requisite quality standards as implemented.
The total degumming process (1989)

Abstracts A novel degumming process is described that is applicable to both undegummed and water‐degummed oils. Such totally degummed oils have residual iron contents below 0.2 ppm Fe and residual phosphorus contents that average below 5 ppm P. Therefore, they can be physically refined to yield a stable refined oil while using the same level of bleaching earth commonly used for alkali refined oils prior to deodorization. They can also be alkali refined with reduced oil loss to yield a soapstock that only requires slight acidification for fatty acid recovery, and thus avoids the strongly polluting soap splitting process. The total degumming process involes dispersing a non‐toxic acid such as phosphoric acid or citric acid into the oil, allowing a contact time, and then mixing a base such as caustic soda or sodium silicate into the acid‐in‐oil emulsion. This keeps the degree of neutralization low enough to avoid forming soaps, because that would lead to increased oil loss. Subsequently, the oil is passed to a centrifugal separator where most of the gums are removed from the oil stream to yield a gum phase with minimal oil content. The oil stream is then passed to a second centrifugal separator to remove all remaining gums to yield a dilute gum phase which is recycled. Washing and drying or in‐line alkali refining complete the process. After the adoption of the total degumming process, in comparison with the classical alkali refining process, an overall yield improvement of approximately 0.5% has been realized. It did not matter whether the totally degummed oil was subsequently alkali refined, bleached and deodorized, or bleached and physically refined.
Immunologic Abnormalities in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1985)

The immune systems of patients with AIDS are characterized by a profound defect in cell-mediated immunity which is predominantly due to a decrease in the number and function of the helper/inducer T lymphocytes, particularly the antigen-reactive cells. This defect is manifested primarily as decreases in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and decreased in vitro proliferation to soluble antigen. A variety of secondary manifestations of immunologic dysfunction occur, some of which result from a lack of effective inducer-cell function, others from the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Among these secondary phenomena are decreased cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, polyclonal B-cell activation, decreased monocyte chemotaxis, and a number of serologic abnormalities. The primary cause of this defect in the antigen-reactive helper/inducer T lymphocyte is infection with a class of T-cell tropic retroviruses known as HTLV-III or LAV. This virus is capable of selectively infecting T4 + lymphocytes and can be isolated consistently from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related conditions. Despite substantial knowledge concerning the nature of the immune defect in AIDS and its causative agent, little progress has been made in developing effective therapies for this uniformly fatal illness. Because the incidence of this disease continues to increase, and patients stricken with this illness have a median survival of two years, additional investigation in this area is greatly needed. Continued effort aimed at delineating the precise nature of the immune defect in these patients should be of value in attempting to enhance our understanding of the human immune system in both normal and disease states.
A Novel 111In-Labeled Anti–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Nanobody for Targeted SPECT/CT Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2015)

We developed an (111)In-radiolabeled anti-PSMA Nanobody, showing good tumor targeting, low uptake in nontarget tissues, and low renal retention, allowing excellent SPECT/CT imaging of PCa within a few hours after injection.
Field effect transistor sensitive to penicillin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTField effect transistor sensitive to penicillinSteve. Caras and Jiri. JanataCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 12, 1935–1937Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50062a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50062a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1290Altmetric-Citations431LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The chondrogenic transcription factor Sox9 is a target of signaling by the parathyroid hormone-related peptide in the growth plate of endochondral bones (2000)

In the growth plate of endochondral bones, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) regulates the rate of chondrocyte maturation from prehypertrophic chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Using an antibody specific for Sox9 phosphorylated at serine 181 (S(181)), one of the two consensus protein kinase A phosphorylation sites of Sox9, we showed that the addition of PTHrP strongly increased the phosphorylation of SOX9 in COS7 cells transfected with both SOX9- and PTH/PTHrP receptor-expressing vectors. PTHrP also increased the SOX9-dependent activity of chondrocyte-specific enhancers in the gene for type II collagen (Col2a1) in transient transfection experiments. This increased enhancer activity did not occur with a Sox9 mutant harboring serine-to-alanine substitutions in its two consensus protein kinase A phosphorylation sites. Consistent with these results, PTHrP also increased Col2a1 mRNA levels in rat chondrosarcoma cells as well as 10T1/2 mesenchymal cells transfected with a PTH/PTHrP receptor expressing plasmid. No phosphorylation of Sox9 at S(181) was detected in prehypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate or any chondrocytes of PTH/PTHrP receptor null mutants. In contrast in wild-type mouse embryos, previous immunohistochemistry experiments indicated that Sox9 phosphorylated at S(181) was detected almost exclusively in chondrocytes of the prehypertrophic zone. Sox9, regardless of the phosphorylation state, was present in all chondrocytes of both genotypes except hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our results indicated that Sox9 is a target of PTHrP signaling in prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. We hypothesize that Sox9 mediates at least some effects of PTHrP in the growth plate and that the PTHrP-dependent increased transcriptional activity of Sox9 helps maintain the chondrocyte phenotype of cells in the prehypertrophic zone and inhibits their maturation to hypertrophic chondrocytes.
Hope, Social Support and Self-Esteem of Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries (1991)

A descriptive study was conducted to determine if a relationship among the variables of hope, social support and self-esteem existed in persons with spinal cord injuries. A demographic data sheet and three instruments were used: Miller Hope Scale (MHS), Personal Resource Questionnaire Part II (PRQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Of the 83 inpatients and outpatients who agreed to participate, 77 sets of questionnaires were usable. Ages of subjects ranged from 18-73 (mean 34.8) years and levels of injury ranged from C4-L3. The mean scores on the tools were: MHS-153.51 (40-200 possible range), PRQ-137.42 (25-175 possible range) and RSES-29.59 (10-40 possible range). There was a statistically significant relationship between hope and social support, hope and self-esteem and social support and self-esteem. By multiple regression analysis, the best predictors of hope in the subjects were self-esteem, social support and education.
Reaching goal in hypercholesterolaemia: dual inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and absorption with simvastatin plus ezetimibe (2006)

Lowering serum cholesterol levels reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)-related events. Statins are commonly prescribed as first-line treatment but many patients at high-risk for CHD still fail to reach their cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals with statin monotherapy. National and international guidelines for the prevention of CHD recommend the modification of lipid profiles and particularly LDL-C [e.g. the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III; 2001) and Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (2003) Guidelines]. Several recent clinical trials indicated an added benefit from aggressive lowering of LDL-C levels. Based on these findings, the NCEP ATP III revised the LDL-C target from < 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) to < 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) (optional target) for very high-risk patients and < 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) to < 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) for moderately high-risk patients. For patients who fail to achieve their LDL-C target, inhibiting the two main sources of cholesterol - synthesis and uptake - can produce more effective lipid lowering, allowing more patients to reach their LDL-C goal. Ezetimibe is a highly-selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption and simvastatin is an evidence-based inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. The LDL-C-lowering efficacy of targeting both major sources of cholesterol with ezetimibe plus simvastatin was demonstrated in several multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. For patients who do not reach their cholesterol goal with a statin, adding ezetimibe 10 mg significantly reduces LDL-C compared with statin monotherapy. Thus, this treatment option may help patients reach the new 'stricter' cholesterol goals. This review, based on a Medline database search from January 2000 to August 2005, considers the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of ezetimibe and discusses the role of this agent for patients who fail to achieve guideline cholesterol goals with statin monotherapy.
New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator‐transfer agents (inifers). VII. Synthesis and characterization of α,ω‐di(hydroxy)polyisobutylene (1980)

Abstract A new telechelic polyisobutylene diol, HOCH 2 PIBCH 2 OH, carrying two terminal primary hydroxyl end groups has been prepared from α,ω‐di(isobutenyl)polyisobutylene, CH 2 C(CH 3 )‐ CH 2 PIBCH 2 C(CH 3 )CH 2 , by regioselective hydroboration followed by alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Infrared (IR) spectra, 1 H‐NMR analysis of the pure and silylated products, and ultraviolet (UV) spectra of phenylisocyanate‐treated diols indicate quantitative yields and two CH 2 OH termini per polyisobutylene chain. The viscosity of HOCH 2 PIBCH 2 OH is higher than that of the starting α,ω‐diolefin. The telechelic diol prepolymer opens new avenues to the synthesis of many new materials, e.g., polyurethanes.
Secure MMU: Architectural support for memory isolation among virtual machines (2011)

In conventional virtualized systems, a hypervisor can access the memory pages of guest virtual machines without any restriction, as the hypervisor has a full control over the address translation mechanism. In this paper, we propose Secure MMU, a hardware-based mechanism to isolate the memory of guest virtual machines from unauthorized accesses even from the hypervisor. The proposed mechanism extends the current nested paging support for virtualization with a small hardware cost. With Secure MMU, the hypervisor can flexibly allocate physical memory pages to virtual machines for resource management, but update nested page tables only through the secure hardware mechanism, which verifies each mapping change. With the hardware-rooted memory isolation among virtual machines, the memory of a virtual machine in cloud computing can be securely protected from a compromised hypervisor or co-tenant virtual machines.
A Genetic Switch, Phage Lambda Revisited (2004)

Chapter 1. The master elements of control Chapter 2. Protein-DNA interactions and gene control Chapter 3. Control circuits - setting the switch Chapter 4. How do we know - the key experiments Chapter 5. 2004: New developments Appendices
Graphene nanogap for gate-tunable quantum-coherent single-molecule electronics (2011)

We present atomistic calculations of quantum coherent electron transport through fulleropyrrolidine terminated molecules bridging a graphene nanogap. We predict that three difficult problems in molecular electronics with single molecules can be solved by utilizing graphene contacts: (1) a back gate modulating the Fermi level in the graphene leads facilitates control of the device conductance in a transistor effect with high on-off current ratio; (2) the size mismatch between leads and molecule is avoided, in contrast to the traditional metal contacts; (3) as a consequence, distinct features in charge flow patterns throughout the device are directly detectable by scanning techniques. We show that moderate graphene edge disorder is unimportant for the transistor function.
Automated video looping with progressive dynamism (2013)

Given a short video we create a representation that captures a spectrum of looping videos with varying levels of dynamism, ranging from a static image to a highly animated loop. In such a progressively dynamic video, scene liveliness can be adjusted interactively using a slider control. Applications include background images and slideshows, where the desired level of activity may depend on personal taste or mood. The representation also provides a segmentation of the scene into independently looping regions, enabling interactive local adjustment over dynamism. For a landscape scene, this control might correspond to selective animation and deanimation of grass motion, water ripples, and swaying trees. Converting arbitrary video to looping content is a challenging research problem. Unlike prior work, we explore an optimization in which each pixel automatically determines its own looping period. The resulting nested segmentation of static and dynamic scene regions forms an extremely compact representation.
Advanced light trapping management by diffractive interlayer for thin-film silicon solar cells (2008)

Thin-film silicon solar cells made of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon in tandem cell configuration enable high efficiency and low-cost production. Precise control of the absorption in each diode by a wavelength-selective and diffractive interlayer provides optimized current matching. For this purpose, intermediate reflectors with periodically textured interfaces are investigated. The propagation of electromagnetic waves is simulated using a three dimensional Maxwell solver which considers both near field and far field optics. Design rules for intermediate reflectors and textured interfaces are presented.
Postmortem brain abnormalities of the glutamate neurotransmitter system in autism (2001)

Subjects with autism may have specific abnormalities in the AMPA-type glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in the cerebellum. These abnormalities may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder.