gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability studies of stevioside and rebaudioside A in carbonated beverages (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability studies of stevioside and rebaudioside A in carbonated beveragesShin S. Chang and Joanne M. CookCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 2, 409–412Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00116a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00116a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1138Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor-killing γδ-TCRs take center stage (2012)

Human γδ T cells potently kill a variety of tumor cells, suggesting their usefulness in cancer therapy. In this issue of Blood , Grunder and colleagues report on in vitro–manipulated γδ–T cell receptors (TCRs) with substantially improved tumor cell recognition and killing characteristics.[1
Introduction of the Taser into British policing. Implications for UK emergency departments: an overview of electronic weaponry (2004)

The Taser is a development of the stun gun. It has recently been introduced into British policing as a "less lethal" weapon to fill the operational gap between the baton and the gun for controlling potentially dangerous and violent suspects. It is inevitable that "tasered" victims will be brought to hospitals. A review of clinical experience with electronic weaponry is presented. Suggestions for managing "tasered" subjects are provided.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of a trihydroxylated A ring as an immediate precursor to 1.alpha.,2.alpha.,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled synthesis of a trihydroxylated A ring as an immediate precursor to 1.alpha.,2.alpha.,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3Gary H. Posner and Todd D. NelsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 14, 4339–4341Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00014a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00014a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Differential migration, LPS‐induced cytokine, chemokine, and NO expression in immortalized BV‐2 and HAPI cell lines and primary microglial cultures (2008)

Microglial cells are hematopoietically derived monocytes of the CNS and serve important neuromodulatory, neurotrophic, and neuroimmune roles. Following insult to the CNS, microglia develop a reactive phenotype, migrate to the site of injury, proliferate, and release a range of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic factors. Isolation of primary microglial cell cultures has been an integral step in elucidating the many roles of these cells. In addition to primary microglial cells, several immortalized cell lines have been created to model primary microglia in vitro, including murine-derived BV-2 cells and rat derived highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells. Here, we compare rat primary microglial, BV-2, and HAPI cells in experiments assessing migration, expression of activation markers, and production and release of nitric oxide, cytokines, and chemokines. BV-2 and HAPI cells responded similarly to primary microglia in experiments assessing migration, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 expression, and nitric oxide release. However, BV-2 and HAPI cells did not model primary microglia in experiments assessing tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and release and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 44/42 expression following lipopolysaccharide treatment. These results indicate that BV-2 and HAPI cell cultures only partially model primary microglia and that their use should therefore be carefully considered.
Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes in vitro-II. Reappraisal of T and B cell-specific mitogens. (1980)

The capacity of the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) to induce B cell proliferation and differentiation was compared with the B cell mitogen, formalinized Staphylococcus aureus (STA). Lymphocyte subpopulations from normal donors and patients with various immunodeficiency diseases were studied. In the presence of the T cell mitogens, irradiated T cells were capable of providing a helper cell activity that enabled co-cultured B lymphocytes to proliferate in response to these mitogens and to differentiate into IgM-secreting (direct) hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC). In the PFC response, radioresistant T-helper and radiosensitive T-suppressor cell activities could be demonstrated. T-suppressor cell activity outweighed helper activity only in nonirradiated co-cultures stimulated with Con A. Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency lacked mitogen-induced helper T cells, whereas patients with various forms of humoral immune deficiency were normal in this respect. These findings and the tissue distribution of the helper activity is aquired early in post-thymic T cell differentiation. The data suggest that experiments with cell lineage-specific lymphocyte mitogens should be considered in the context of more complex cell-cell interactions.
Rapid induction of medullary thymocyte phenotypic maturation and egress inhibition by nanomolar sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist (2003)

Only a small number of T cells generated in the thymus each day are selected to replenish the peripheral T cell pool. Much is known about thymic selection; however, little is known of the mechanisms regulating medullary maturation and the release of mature T cells into the blood. Here we demonstrate a rapid acceleration of medullary thymocyte phenotypic maturation through loss of CD69 induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist. Low nanomolar agonist concentrations selectively induce changes in CD69(int) CD62L(high) single positive T cells, resulting in down-modulation of CD69 within 2 h. While CD69 loss is accelerated, egress of mature T cells into blood is inhibited >95% within 2 h. Both processes exhibit parallel sensitivities and dose-responses. Together, these data reveal a potent means for rapidly regulating thymic export where S1P receptor agonism alters both phenotypic maturation and egress of thymocytes into blood during late thymic maturation. The S1P system is now shown to acutely regulate both thymic and lymph node egress. Inhibition of lymphocyte egress from thymus and lymph node can contribute synergistically to clinically useful immunosupression by disrupting recirculation of peripheral T cells.
MRSA Infections (2007)

MRSA InfectionsM ethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacterium.Staph bacteria, like other kinds of bacteria, frequently live on the skin and in the nose without causing health problems.Staph becomes a problem when it is a source of infection.These bacteria can be spread from one person to another through casual contact or through contaminated objects.Infections with MRSA are more difficult to treat than ordinary Staph infections because these strains of bacteria are resistant to many types of antibiotics-the medicines used to treat bacterial infections.Infections can occur in wounds, burns, and other sites where tubes have been inserted into the body.In 2005, there were an estimated 94 360 cases of MRSA infections in the United States.MRSA that is acquired in a hospital is called hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA).MRSA infections are now becoming more common in healthy, nonhospitalized persons.These infections can occur among young people who have cuts or wounds and who have close contact with one another, such as members of sports teams.This type of MRSA is called community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).The October 17, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article that documents the increasing incidence and burden of invasive MRSA infections.
Probiotics as Complementary Treatment for Metabolic Disorders (2015)

Over the past decade, growing evidence has established the gut microbiota as one of the most important determinants of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, obesogenic diet can drastically alter bacterial populations (i.e., dysbiosis) leading to activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms and metabolic endotoxemia, therefore promoting insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. To counteract these deleterious effects, probiotic strains have been developed with the aim of reshaping the microbiome to improve gut health. In this review, we focus on benefits of widely used probiotics describing their potential mechanisms of action, especially their ability to decrease metabolic endotoxemia by restoring the disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier. We also discuss the perspective of using new bacterial strains such as butyrate-producing bacteria and the mucolytic Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as the use of prebiotics to enhance the functionality of probiotics. Finally, this review introduces the notion of genetically engineered bacterial strains specifically developed to deliver anti-inflammatory molecules to the gut.
1H and13C NMR spectra of commercial rhodamine ester derivatives (2000)

Ethyl and methyl esters of commercial rhodamines B, 19, 101 and 110 and propyl and butyl esters of commercial rhodamine B were synthesized and isolated with different counterions (yields 70–98%). The 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for these compounds were fully assigned by a combination of one- and two-dimensional experiments. The Fourier transform IR and UV–visible spectra were also recorded and the main bands were identified. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deletion of arginine codon 229 in the Rhce gene alters e and f but not c antigen expression (2004)

Arg229 is invariant on external loop 4 and close to the Ala226Pro change specific for e/E polymorphism. The qualitative and quantitative alteration of e antigen defines Arg229 as a crucial component for e/E epitope presentation. Given a normal dose of c antigen, the disruption of f (Rh6) by Arg229 deletion suggests that external loop 4 is a major structural element contributing to the expression of RHCE cis interacting antigenic products.
Spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio and serum cystatin C are effective for detection of diabetic nephropathy in childhood diabetic patients (2012)

Spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) measurement has been suggested as a surrogate to 24-hr urine collection for the assessment of microalbuminuria, and cystatin C (cysC) is known as an advantageous marker for renal function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical values of spot urinary ACR and serum cysC for the assessment of diabetic nephropathy instead of 24-hr urine microalbumin in children and adolescents with diabetes. A total of 113 children and adolescents (age 12-19 yr, M:F = 47:66) with type 1 or 2 diabetes were enrolled. We evaluated the validity of spot urine ACR and serum cysC, and then compared them to 24-hr urine microalbumin and creatinine clearance. Spot urine ACR was correlated with 24-hr urine albumin excretion (R2 = 0.828, P = 0.001) and creatinine clearance (R2 = 0.249, P = 0.017). The ROC curve analysis of serum cysC demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than that of serum creatinine (AUC 0.732 vs 0.615). Both the measurements of spot urine ACR and serum cysC might better predict the presence of diabetic nephropathy than 24-hr urine microalbumin in childhood diabetic patients.
Optimization of the Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening (2012)

Current treatments of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are limited due to the lack of a truly non-invasive, transient, and regionally selective brain drug delivery method. The brain is particularly difficult to deliver drugs to because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The impermeability of the BBB is due to the tight junctions connecting adjacent endothelial cells and highly regulatory transport systems of the endothelial cell membranes. The main function of the BBB is ion and volume regulation to ensure conditions necessary for proper synaptic and axonal signaling. However, the same permeability properties that keep the brain healthy also constitute the cause of the tremendous obstacles posed in its pharmacological treatment. The BBB prevents most neurologically active drugs from entering the brain and, as a result, has been isolated as the rate-limiting factor in brain drug delivery. Until a solution to the trans-BBB delivery problem is found, treatments of neurological diseases will remain impeded. Over the past decade, methods that combine Focused Ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles have been shown to offer the unique capability of noninvasively, locally and transiently open the BBB so as to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Four of the main challenges that have been taken on by our group and discussed in this paper are: 1) assess its safety profile, 2) unveil the mechanism by which the BBB opens and closes, 3) control and predict the opened BBB properties and duration of the opening and 4) assess its premise in brain drug delivery. All these challenges will be discussed, findings in both small (mice) and large (non-human primates) animals are shown and finally the clinical potential for this technique is shown.
Tolerance to Amino Acid Variations in Peptides Binding to the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Protein H-2Kb (1995)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are cell-surface glycoproteins that bind peptides and present them to T cells. The formation of a peptide-MHC complex is the initial step in specific, T cell-mediated immune responses. But, unlike other receptor-ligand systems, peptides are essential for a stable conformation of the MHC proteins. To investigate the contribution of every amino acid of octapeptides to the stability and antigenic integrity of MHC proteins, complex octapeptide libraries with one defined amino acid and mixtures of 19 amino acids in the remaining seven positions were synthesized and tested for their capacity to stabilize the conformation of the mouse MHC class I molecule H-2Kb. Peptide transporter-deficient RMA-S cells were employed in this study. Amino acid preferences found for the eight sequence positions reveal constitutional, volumetric, and steric constraints that govern peptide selection by MHC molecules. The pattern of amino acid preferences indicates that the peptides behave as integral parts of the MHC proteins and follow rules established for the interrelationship of primary sequence and the conformation and stability of proteins in general.
Multislice and multicoil phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery imaging (2005)

Phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (PSIR) imaging may provide enhanced T(1) contrast. However, clinical implementation of PSIR imaging is hindered because image reconstruction with this method often lacks robustness and requires manual intervention, particularly for data acquired in multiple slices and with phased-array coils. In this paper, a new algorithm suitable for automatic PSIR image reconstruction of multislice and multicoil data is presented. This algorithm phase corrects by region-growing, employing both the magnitude and the phase information of image pixels. Specifically, phase gradients of the original complex image are first calculated and then used to determine the sequence of the region-growing. The signal direction relating to the phase error for each pixel is then determined during the region-growing using both the magnitude and the phase of the previously determined pixels that are located within a boxcar neighborhood of the pixel. Finally, the intrinsic intercoil and interslice correlation is exploited to ensure consistency in the global polarity of all of the PSIR images. The results are demonstrated with in vivo human brain images acquired at 3 Tesla with an eight-channel phased-array coil.
Video analytics for retail (2007)

We describe a set of tools for retail analytics based on a combination of video understanding and transaction-log. Tools are provided for loss prevention (returns fraud and cashier fraud), store operations (customer counting) and merchandising (display effectiveness). Results are presented on returns fraud and customer counting.
Ursolic Acid Nanocrystals for Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Enhancement: Influence of Different Particle Size (2016)

The nanosized UA crystal is a viable and efficient approach to improve the oral bioavailability of UA.
TOLERANCE FOLLOWING CTLA4-Fc & ANTI-CD40L mAb TREATMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED T-CELL APOPTOSIS BUT NOT IMMUNE DEVIATION (1999)

454 Short-term inhibition of the CD40/CD40L and CD28/B7 costimulatory pathways has been shown to induce specific unresponsiveness to rat islet xenografts in mice. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of tolerance induction following CTLA4-Fc and anti-CD40L mAb (MR1) treatment. METHODS: Wistar rat islets were transplanted into streptozotocin induced diabetic B6AF1 mice. 500μg of CTLA4-Fc was administered on day 2 post transplant in conjunction with 500 μg MR1 which was administered on days 0, 2, 4, 6 post transplant. Blood glucose levels were monitored for signs of rejection. RESULTS: CTLA4-Fc and MR1 mAb treatment resulted in indefinite graft survival (>100 days) in 100% of animals (n=21). Three of five long term surviving mice accepted a second Wistar islet graft and 5 of 5 mice accepted a DA rat islet graft (an inbred strain derived from Wistar) for more than 50 days, whereas third party Balb/c islet grafts were rejected. Tolerance induction was associated with a down regulation of the T-cell specific cytokine genes: IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 as assessed by semi-quantitative PCR. In particular the Th2 associated cytokine gene, IL-4 was markedly down regulated at days 6 and 12 post transplant and was either undetectable or detectable at very low levels by PCR at 100 days post transplant. Associated with this down regulation of IL-4 gene expression, there was a complete inhibition of antidonor IgG and IgG1 antibody in the serum of CTLA4-Fc and MR1 mAb treated animals, consistent with the cytokine gene findings. Next leukocytes were isolated from the grafts, draining lymph nodes and spleen of control and CTLA4-Fc/MR1 treated animals at 6 days post transplant and assessed by indirect immunofluorescence for co-expression of CD4 and either Fas, Bcl2 or annexin-V to determine the proportion of apoptotic CD4+ T cells in each lymphoid compartment. In CTLA4-Fc/Mr1 treated recipients there was a substantial increase in the proportion of annexin-V staining and Fas expressing CD4+ T cells and a modest decrease in CD4+ T-cell Bcl2 expression in all lymphoid compartments when compared to control recipients. CONCLUSION: Tolerance induction following CTLA4-Fc/MR1 treatment was not associated with immune deviation rather it was associated with enhanced T cell apoptosis most likely via a Fas mediated mechanism.
The forced swimming test as a model for core and component behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs (1997)

The existence of a number of classes of antidepressant drugs with diverse pharmacological effects would lead one to expect that antidepressant drugs acting through different pharmacological mechanisms should produce different behavioral effects. Animal behavioral tests used to screen antidepressant drugs do not, however, discriminate between drugs that selectively enhance serotonin or norepinephrine transmission. Several components of human depression are differently affected by drugs selectively interacting with either serotonin or norepinephrine transmission. The ideal animal model for detecting antidepressant drug effects should thus be sensitive to all antidepressant drugs and should also display multiple components that are sensitive to specific drug classes. The revised scoring of the forced swimming test corresponds to a behavioral test for antidepressant drugs that meet these criteria.
Blockade of natural and neuropeptide Y-induced carbohydrate feeding by a receptor antagonist PYX-2 (1992)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats has a potent stimulatory effect specifically on carbohydrate intake. This study examined the behavioral effects of a newly synthesized NPY antagonist, PYX-2. After PVN injection of PYX-2 (50-900 pmoles) alone, a strong dose-dependent reduction in spontaneous carbohydrate intake at the onset of the dark cycle was observed in freely-feeding rats. Moreover, at even lower doses (12.5 and 25.0 pmoles), PYX-2 also blocked the stimulatory action of PVN NPY (100 pmoles) on carbohydrate ingestion. These results provide the first evidence for the existence of endogenous NPY receptors in mediating the action of exogenous NPY in the hypothalamus. They also constitute a crucial step in demonstrating a physiological function of these PVN NPY receptors specifically in controlling carbohydrate ingestion at the onset of the natural feeding cycle.