gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles and Indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles from 2-(Benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)indole (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles and Indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles from 2-(Benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)indoleAlan R. Katritzky, Jianqing Li, and Christian V. StevensCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3401–3404Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1264Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic hypothermia in the emergency department following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (2010)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality and severe neurological disability. Recent literature suggests that mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) can improve survival and neurological outcome in some groups of comatose patients after cardiac arrest but uncertainty exists over the best way to implement this treatment. This review examines the evidence for the efficacy and mode of implementation of MTH after OHCA, particularly in the Emergency Department setting. A literature search was performed and all systematic reviews; human and animal randomised and non-randomised trials were screened for inclusion. Specific emphasis was placed on MTH being commenced in the prehospital and Emergency Department setting. Outcome measures were: time to reach target temperature, in-hospital mortality, neurological outcome at hospital discharge and complications of therapeutic hypothermia. Two systematic reviews found that MTH improved outcome after OHCA. Five human randomised controlled trials were identified. Two trials commenced cooling prehospital. One showed a favourable outcome but the other failed to show survival benefit. The other three trials only commenced cooling after the patient arrived in hospital and all showed improved survival for patients treated with MTH after OHCA. Evidence from animal and non-randomised studies suggests cooling should be commenced as early as possible after return of spontaneous circulation. Cold intravenous fluid was reported as a safe, effective means of cooling in the emergency setting. MTH improves patient outcome after OHCA. There is some evidence to suggest cooling should be commenced early. Cold intravenous crystalloid infusion may be the preferred cooling method in the Emergency Department.
In vitro selection and evolution of RNA: applications for catalytic RNA, molecular recognition, and drug discovery. (1993)

In vitro selection and in vitro evolution methods represent powerful tools for isolating functional RNA molecules, and are proving to have wide applications in biology. Selection in the absence of living cells is possible because some RNA molecules possess a selectable "phenotype" (catalytic activity or ligand binding) as well as a "genotype" (nucleotide sequence). This review discusses the basic principles of in vitro selection technology and the application of these methods to isolate RNA molecules with interesting and novel properties. Selection techniques have been used to analyze the structure and function of catalytic RNA molecules (ribozymes), and to isolate novel catalytic structures not found in nature. They are also useful for studying protein-RNA interactions and for isolating RNA molecules that bind specifically to peptides and other ligands. The isolation of RNA molecules with new binding functionalities (aptamers) for both large and small molecules has exciting potential for discovery of new drugs and diagnostic reagents.
16S rRNA Gene-Based Identification of Midgut Bacteria from Field-Caught Anopheles gambiae Sensu Lato and A. funestus Mosquitoes Reveals New Species Related to Known Insect Symbionts (2005)

Field-collected mosquitoes of the two main malaria vectors in Africa, Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and Anopheles funestus, were screened for their midgut bacterial contents. The midgut from each blood-fed mosquito was screened with two different detection pathways, one culture independent and one culture dependent. Bacterial species determination was achieved by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Altogether, 16 species from 14 genera were identified, 8 by each method. Interestingly, several of the bacteria identified are related to bacteria known to be symbionts in other insects. One isolate, Nocardia corynebacterioides, is a relative of the symbiont found in the vector for Chagas' disease that has been proven useful as a paratransgenic bacterium. Another isolate is a novel species within the gamma-proteobacteria that could not be phylogenetically placed within any of the known orders in the class but is close to a group of insect symbionts. Bacteria representing three intracellular genera were identified, among them the first identifications of Anaplasma species from mosquitoes and a new mosquito-Spiroplasma association. The isolates will be further investigated for their suitability for a paratransgenic Anopheles mosquito.
The Acylation and Alkylation of o-Tolunitrile. A New Route to 3-Substituted Isocarbostyrils (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acylation and Alkylation of o-Tolunitrile. A New Route to 3-Substituted IsocarbostyrilsWilliam T. Boyce and Robert LevineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3807–3809Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a075https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GPRC5D is a promising marker for monitoring the tumor load and to target multiple myeloma cells (2013)

In a comparison of gene expression profile in unsorted bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), acute leukemia, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma infiltrating the BM, the leading myeloma distinguishing gene was GPRC5D. This gene was highly expressed in BM samples from the 10 MM cases examined as opposed to minimal expression in samples from the eight cases with other hematological malignancies. Moreover, following antimyeloma treatment the expression of GPRC5D decreased several folds. The strong and selective expression of GPRC5D in MM cells makes this gene and its encoded surface protein as promising markers for monitoring the tumor load and hopefully also as targets for antimyeloma antibodies.
A least-squares minimization approach to depth determination for numerical horizontal gravity gradients (1995)

Abstract The sphere and the horizontal cylinder models can be very useful in quantitative interpretation of gravity data measured in a small area over buried structures. Several graphical and numerical methods have been developed by many workers for interpreting the residual gravity anomalies caused by these models to find the depth of most geologic structures. Excellent reviews are given in Saxov and Nygaard (1953) and Bowin et al. (1986). The numerical approaches (Odegard and Berg, 1965; Gupta, 1983; Sharma and Geldart, 1968; Lines and Treitel, 1984; and Shaw and Agarwal, 1990) may have advantages in theory and practice over graphical depth estimation techniques (Pick et al., 1973: Nettleton, 1976; Telford et al., 1976). However, effective quantitative interpretation procedures using the least-squares method based on the analytical expression of simple numerical horizontal gravity gradient anomalies are yet to be developed.
Near-IR to visible light face matching: Effectiveness of pre-processing options for commercial matchers (2015)

The use of near-IR images for face recognition has been proposed as a means to address illumination issues that can hinder standard visible light face matching. However, most existing non-experimental databases contain visible light images. This makes the matching of near-IR face images to visible light face images an interesting and useful challenge. Image pre-processing techniques can potentially be used to help reduce the differences between near-IR and visible light images, with the goal of improving matching accuracy. We evaluate the use of several such techniques in combination with commercial matchers and show that simply extracting the red plane results in a comparable improvement in accuracy. In addition, we show that many of the pre-processing techniques hinder the ability of existing commercial matchers to extract templates. We also make available a new dataset called Near Infrared Visible Light Database (ND-NIVL) consisting of visible light and near-IR face images with accompanying baseline performance for several commercial matchers.
A novel mouse model of red blood cell storage and posttransfusion in vivo survival (2009)

Mouse RBCs showed a progressive decline in survival, as a function of storage time, unlike the precipitous loss of viability reported for rat RBCs. Moreover, changes in the measured surface markers were analogous to trends reported for human RBCs. Together, these findings provide an initial characterization of a novel mouse model of RBC storage with the potential to serve as an experimental platform for studying the pathophysiologic consequences of transfusing stored RBCs.
Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor β-1 and Its Effects on Osseointegration (2003)

Dental implant failures are still a common occurrence, especially in areas of poor bone quality. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the application of a growth factor, recombinant human transforming growth factor beta-1 (rhTGF-beta1), would improve the healing of bone adjacent to titanium dental implants. Four adult male Yucatan minipigs had four titanium dental implants placed into the inferior border of each hemimandible. On the control side, the implants were placed in standard fashion. On the experimental side, rhTGF-beta1 within a carrier gel was placed into the recipient site before implant placement. After a 6-week healing period, two implants from each side were evaluated by pull-out testing and histomorphometric analysis. The mean pull-out force for experimental implants was 1,124.01 N and 818.12 N (P = 0.5015) for controls. The mean percentage of bone between adjacent threads on the implant surface was 49.74% for the experimental group and 36.50% for controls (P = 0.0783). The mean percentage of bone-implant surface contact was 41.86% for the experimental implant sites and 24.60% for the control implant sites (P = 0.0452). The application of rhTGF-beta1 to implant sites appears to increase the amount of bone healing adjacent to a titanium dental implants in minipig mandibles at the 6-week period. Further studies are required to quantify better the amount of growth factor required and to study its effects over a broader period of time to see whether these differences are maintained.
Mechanistic and biological aspects of helicase action on damaged DNA (2010)

Helicases catalytically unwind structured nucleic acids in a nucleoside-triphosphate-dependent and directionally specific manner, and are essential for virtually all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. ATPase-driven helicases which translocate along nucleic acids play a role in damage recognition or unwinding of a DNA tract containing the lesion. Although classical biochemical experiments provided evidence that bulky covalent adducts inhibit DNA unwinding catalyzed by certain DNA helicases in a strand-specific manner (i.e., block to DNA unwinding restricted to adduct residence in the strand the helicase translocates), recent studies suggest more complex arrangements that may depend on the helicase under study, its assembly in a protein complex, and the type of structural DNA perturbation. Moreover, base and sugar phosphate backbone modifications exert effects on DNA helicases that suggest specialized tracking mechanisms. As a component of the replication stress response, the single-stranded DNA binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA) may serve to enable eukaryotic DNA helicases to overcome certain base lesions. Helicases play important roles in DNA damage signaling which also involve their partnership with RPA. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of mechanistic and biological aspects of helicase action on damaged DNA.
Differential Impact of Blood Pressure–Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes (2006)

BP-lowering drugs can have substantially different effects on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics despite a similar impact on brachial BP. Moreover, central aortic pulse pressure may be a determinant of clinical outcomes, and differences in central aortic pressures may be a potential mechanism to explain the different clinical outcomes between the 2 BP treatment arms in ASCOT.
Zinc phthalocyanine with PEG-400 as a recyclable catalytic system for selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds (2012)

Zinc phthalocyanine with PEG-400 was established as a catalytic system for chemo and regioselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding amines. A large range of reducible functional groups such as acid, amide, ester, halogen, lactone, nitrile, N-benzyl, O-benzyl, hydroxy and heterocycles were well tolerated. Direct synthesis of benzotriazole from O-dinitrobenzene was achieved for the first time. The present catalytic system was successfully employed for the reduction of carbonyl and ester compounds to corresponding alcohols and reductive amination of benzaldehydes with primary amines to form corresponding secondary amines. Remarkable advantages of the present catalytic method include low loading of metal, avoidance of toxic ligands and high isolated yields. The catalyst was recyclable up to four times without any loss of selectivity and activity.
Memory CD8 T lymphocytes express inhibitory MHC-specific Ly49 receptors (2000)

Natural killer (NK) cells survey potential targets using an array of receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. In mice, members of the Ly49 receptor gene family are expressed on overlapping subsets of NK cells and on CD1-restricted NK1 T cells. Here we characterize a population of memory cytotoxic (CD8(+)) T lymphocytes which also express inhibitory Ly49 family members. This cell population increases steadily with age; by 11 months, over one third of memory CD8(+) T cells express Ly49 molecules. These cells appear to express a normal TCR repertoire, and share several traits with previously activated T cells. Analysis of mutant mouse strains reveals that normal development of these cells depends upon the presence of the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), classical class I molecules, and class II molecules. As a functional consequence of Ly49 expression, we demonstrate that T cell receptor-mediated activation of CD8(+) T cells is inhibited by Ly49 interactions with cognate class I molecules. We hypothesize that conventional memory CD8(+) T cells initiate Ly49 expression as a means of dampening an immune response and / or inhibiting T cell autoreactivity.
Meth A fibrosarcoma cells express two transforming mutant p53 species. (1988)

Expression plasmids directing the synthesis of various forms of the p53 cellular tumor antigen were compared with respect to their biological activities. All plasmids encoding wild type p53, derived from two different cDNA libraries, had absolutely no detectable activity when assayed for transformation of primary rat embryo fibroblasts in collaboration with Ha-ras. In contrast, p53 variants carrying point mutations in the protein coding region exhibited at least some transforming activity. Most notably, this was true for both types of mutant p53 cDNA clones isolated from Meth A cells. The data indicate that these cells, derived from a chemically-induced tumor, carry two independently mutated p53 alleles, each encoding a transformationally activated protein. This may imply that the mutations in the p53 gene played a role in the development of the Meth A tumor. Finally, cells overexpressing a transfected mutant p53 exhibit a physical complex between this exogenous p53 and its endogenous counterpart, possibly resulting in the stabilization of the latter.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Cyclic Laminin Related Peptides (1998)

The synthesis of three cyclic peptides related to an active sequence of Laminin is described. These molecules have no, one, or two stearoyl residues linked to the amino terminal end of the sequence. The physicochemical properties of these peptides as well as their interactions with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine molecules ordered in mono- and bilayers are described. Properties based on aqueous solutions of peptides show maximum activity for the analogue with one stearoyl residue. But properties measured from organic solutions of peptides (compression isotherms), as well as those in water but at high temperatures, gave as the most surface active the distearoyl derivative. This behavior is interpreted as a strong tendency of this highly hydrophobic molecule to form aggregates (probably micelles), very stable in aqueous media. Thus, the monostearoyl-substituted peptide seems to be the most adequate for efficient insertion into mono- and bilayers.
Altered Microenvironment Promotes Progression of Preinvasive Breast Cancer: Myoepithelial Expression of αvβ6 Integrin in DCIS Identifies High-risk Patients and Predicts Recurrence (2013)

These findings indicate that altered myoepithelial cells in DCIS predict disease progression and recurrence and show that upregulation of αvβ6 on myoepithelial cells generates a tumor promoter function through TGFβ upregulation of MMP-9. These data suggest that expression of αvβ6 may be used to stratify patients with DCIS.
A New Biomaterial Derived from Small Intestine Submucosa and Developed into a (2002)

A biomaterial derived from porcine intestinal submucosa has been used in the development of a new biologic wound matrix. This review describes the origin of the wound matrix device, including the discovery of the biomaterial and its properties, to the development of the commercial product currently in clinical use. The composi- tion and structure of this biomaterial are described and considered as mechanisms that contribute to its effectiveness in wound management. The wound matrix developed from this unique biomaterial was evaluated in a pilot study of human partial-thickness dermal wounds and was found to be beneficial, especially in its dehydrated form. Other applications of this biomaterial, as well as its limitations, are also discussed.
(6,7-Diaryldihydropyrrolizin-5-yl)acetic Acids, a Novel Class of Potent Dual Inhibitors of Both Cyclooxygenase and 5-Lipoxygenase (1994)

A novel class of nonantioxidant dual inhibitors of both CO and 5-LO is described. The balance between the activity against CO and 5-LO can be shifted by modifying the substitution pattern of the phenyl moiety at the 6-position of the pyrrolizine ring. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Compound 3e with a 4-Cl substituent (IC50 = 0.21 microM (CO); 0.18 microM (5-LO)) and 3n with a 4-OCH3 substituent (IC50 = 0.1 microM (CO); 0.24 microM (5-LO)) are the most potent and well-balanced dual inhibitors of both enzymes. The inhibition of CO was determined in a bovine thrombocyte intact cell assay and that of 5-LO using intact bovine PMNL. Compound 3e was also investigated in human cells.
Characterization of edema by diffusion-weighted imaging in experimental traumatic brain injury (1996)

The objective of this study was to use diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) to help detect the type of edema that develops after experimental trauma and trauma coupled with hypotension and hypoxia (THH). Reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) is thought to represent cytotoxic edema. In a preliminary series of experiments, the infusion edema model and middle cerebral artery occlusion models were used to confirm the direction of ADC change in response to purely extracellular and cytotoxic edema, respectively. The ADCs increased (p<0.05) in the case of extracellular edema and decreased (p<0.001) in cytotoxic edema. Following these initial experiments, a new impact acceleration model was used to induce traumatic brain injury. Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups; sham, trauma alone, hypoxia and hypotension (HH), and THH. Following trauma, a 30-minute insult of hypoxia (PaO2 of 40 mm Hg) and hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 30 mm Hg) were imposed and the animals were resuscitated. The DWI was carried out at four 1-hour intervals postinjury, and MABP, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were monitored. The ADCs in the control and HH groups remained unchanged. The ADCs in the THH group rapidly decreased from a control level of 0.68 +/- 0.05 x 10(-3) mm2/second to 0.37 +/- 0.09 x 10(-3) mm2/second by 3 hours posttrauma (p < 0.001). In this group, the decreased CBF and CPP during secondary insult remained low despite resuscitation, with the ICP increasing to 56 +/- 7 mm Hg by 3 hours. In the trauma alone group, the rise in ICP reached a maximum value (28 +/- 3 mm Hg) at 30 minutes with a significant and sustained increase in CBF despite a gradual decrease in CPP. The ADCs in this group were not significantly reduced. The data lead the authors to suggest that the rise in ICP following severe trauma coupled with secondary insult in this model is predominately caused by cytotoxic edema and that ischemia plays a major role in the development of brain edema after head injury.