gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic proteins: biological roles and mechanical properties (2002)

The term 'elastic protein' applies to many structural proteins with diverse functions and mechanical properties so there is room for confusion about its meaning. Elastic implies the property of elasticity, or the ability to deform reversibly without loss of energy; so elastic proteins should have high resilience. Another meaning for elastic is 'stretchy', or the ability to be deformed to large strains with little force. Thus, elastic proteins should have low stiffness. The combination of high resilience, large strains and low stiffness is characteristic of rubber-like proteins (e.g. resilin and elastin) that function in the storage of elastic-strain energy. Other elastic proteins play very different roles and have very different properties. Collagen fibres provide exceptional energy storage capacity but are not very stretchy. Mussel byssus threads and spider dragline silks are also elastic proteins because, in spite of their considerable strength and stiffness, they are remarkably stretchy. The combination of strength and extensibility, together with low resilience, gives these materials an impressive resistance to fracture (i.e. toughness), a property that allows mussels to survive crashing waves and spiders to build exquisite aerial filters. Given this range of properties and functions, it is probable that elastic proteins will provide a wealth of chemical structures and elastic mechanisms that can be exploited in novel structural materials through biotechnology.
Occupational Protein Contact Dermatitis: Two Case Reports (2010)

Protein contact dermatitis (PCD) is a contact dermatitis caused by high-molecular-weight proteins. This entity has been reported with increasing frequency, most commonly as occupational hand dermatitis in food handlers. Clinically, it is characterized by a chronic and recurrent dermatitis with erythema, scaling, and fissures with acute exacerbations occurring a few minutes after contact with offending allergen. We report two cases in confectioners who presented with chronic hand dermatitis.
Increased level of mRNA for the uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue of rats during thermogenesis induced by cold exposure or norepinephrine infusion. (1984)

We have studied by in vitro translation the mRNA population from rat brown fat in two situations where the thermogenic activity of the tissue is stimulated. Both cold exposure of rats and the presence of pheochromocytoma result in marked alterations among the polypeptides synthesized. Notably, in these two situations there was an increased labeling of polypeptides of the size of the heat-shock proteins and an increased labeling of the 32,000-dalton uncoupling protein of brown fat mitochondria, which is responsible for energy dissipation as heat. Stimulation of the thermogenic activity of brown fat thus results in a high level of mRNA encoding the uncoupling protein. Chronic delivery of norepinephrine mimicked the increase of mRNA for the uncoupling protein observed in animals exposed to cold or bearing pheochromocytoma. Thus, a neuromediator such as norepinephrine is able to trigger the induction of the mRNA encoding the mitochondrial uncoupling protein and is able to stimulate mitochondriogenesis.
Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment (2004)

The structural similarity image quality paradigm is based on the assumption that the human visual system is highly adapted for extracting structural information from the scene, and therefore a measure of structural similarity can provide a good approximation to perceived image quality. This paper proposes a multiscale structural similarity method, which supplies more flexibility than previous single-scale methods in incorporating the variations of viewing conditions. We develop an image synthesis method to calibrate the parameters that define the relative importance of different scales. Experimental comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Purification and characterisation of cysteine proteinases from human osteoclastomas (1991)

Conference Article| August 01 1991 Purification and characterisation of cysteine proteinases from human osteoclastomas ALISON PAGE; ALISON PAGE 1Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL J. WARBURTON; MICHAEL J. WARBURTON 1Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TIMOTHY J. CHAMBERS; TIMOTHY J. CHAMBERS 1Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALISON R. HAYMAN ALISON R. HAYMAN 1Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (3): 286S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019286s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ALISON PAGE, MICHAEL J. WARBURTON, TIMOTHY J. CHAMBERS, ALISON R. HAYMAN; Purification and characterisation of cysteine proteinases from human osteoclastomas. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1991; 19 (3): 286S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019286s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Folate‐targeted nanoparticles show efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis (2011)

The use of folate-targeted nanoparticles to specifically target MTX into macrophages may provide an effective clinical approach for antiinflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
Induction of apoptotic DNA damage and cell death by activation of the sphingomyelin pathway. (1994)

The potential involvement of ceramide-related signaling processes in the induction of apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alpha was assessed by multiple biochemical strategies in the human leukemic cell lines HL-60 and U937 and the murine fibrosarcoma cell lines L929/LM and WEHI 164/13. Exposure of these cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha resulted in internucleosomal cleavage of genomic DNA, yielding laddered patterns of oligonucleosomal fragments characteristic of apoptosis when resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis; similar responses were observed after exposure to exogenous sphingomyelinase or synthetic ceramides. Quantitative spectrofluorophotometry demonstrated that these treatments promoted time- and concentration-dependent degradation of DNA, resulting in the formation of and eventual release of small DNA fragments (< or = 3.0 kb). Corresponding damage to bulk DNA was demonstrated by enhanced-fluorescence alkaline unwinding analysis. DNA fragmentation was not induced by phospholipase C or synthetic diglyceride; in fact, the effects of sphingomyelinase and ceramide were substantially reduced by coexposure to these agents, suggesting opposing roles for diglyceride- and ceramide-mediated signals in the regulation of apoptosis. Phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid failed to promote DNA fragmentation, as did phospholipase D. Characterization of DNA strand breaks by alkaline and neutral elution analyses confirmed that ceramide action was restricted to breakage of mature, double-stranded DNA but not of nascent DNA. The induction of DNA damage was associated with appearance of apoptotic morphology and decreased clonogenicity. These results demonstrate that the ceramide-dependent signaling system selectively induces apoptosis and raise the possibility that ceramide-activated enzymes represent important components in a signaling cascade involved in the regulation of programmed cell death.
Cofactor Regeneration at Lab Scale (2005)

The progress made in the last two decades in lab scale applications of various coenzyme regeneration systems has been mainly focused on the applications of NAD+/NADH- and NADP+/NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase reactions. For these reactions whole cells, enzymatic, electro-enzymatic, chemical and photochemical in situ regeneration system as well as aspects of their efficiency and novelty are presented. The progress of enzyme reaction engineering is also reported.
Timescale of interest in traffic measurement for link bandwidth allocation design (2002)

Consider the link bandwidth allocation for transport of correlated traffic through a queueing system under a maximum allowable delay constraint d/sub max/. We decomposed the traffic into three frequency regions: low-frequency traffic in 0<|/spl omega/|/spl les//spl omega//sub L/, high-frequency traffic in |/spl omega/|/spl ges//spl omega//sub H/ and mid-frequency traffic in /spl omega//sub L/<|/spl omega/|</spl omega//sub H/. The zero-frequency component (DC term) of the traffic provides the average input rate which corresponds to the minimum link bandwidth requirement. Subject to delay constraint d/sub max/, we identify /spl omega//sub /spl lambda//=0.01/spl pi//d/sub max/ and /spl omega//sub H/=2/spl pi//d/sub max/. Hence, the transport of low-frequency traffic exceeds the limit of d/sub max/-constrained buffer capacity; its link bandwidth is essentially captured by its peak rate. In contrast, for the transport of high-frequency traffic the d/sub max/-constrained buffering is most effective and no additional link bandwidth is required. Essentially, the solution of /spl omega//sub L/ and /spl omega//sub H/ plays a role as "sampling theory" in traffic measurement for buffer capacity design and link bandwidth allocation. Equivalently in the time domain, the timescale of the low-frequency traffic is longer than or equal to 200d/sub max/; the timescale of high-frequency traffic is shorter than or equal to d/sub max/. Since the link bandwidth allocation of low- and high-frequency traffic requires no measurement of second-order statistics, the timescale of interest for traffic measurement must be identified in [d/sub max/, 200d/sub max/].
Antibiotics: Actions, Origins, Resistance (2003)

This new text offers a comprehensive, up to date account of those structural classes of antibiotics that have had an impact in human infectious disease. While most of the attention is on natural products with antibiotic activity elaborated by microbes to act as chemical weapons on neighboring bacteria, synthetic chemicals with antibiotic activity are also discussed.
The book opens with an introduction to antibiotics, followed by a section that examines how antibiotics block specific proteins acting in these essential bacterial processes and how the molecular structure of the small-molecule drugs enables their antibiotic activity. Section III explores the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, including the molecular logic that microbial producers of antibiotics use for self-protection. The fourth section addresses the molecular logic of antibiotic biosynthesis, starting with regulatory networks that control gene transcription of secondary metabolites in streptomycetes. The final section examines the prospects for broadening the base of bacterial targets and also where new antibiotics are likely to emerge, including both synthetic chemical efforts and natural products.
Out of Print, paperback, 335 pages, illustrations, index.
Purification and partial amino acid sequence of a bovine cartilage-derived collagenase inhibitor. (1986)

An inhibitor of mammalian collagenase from bovine scapular cartilage has been purified to homogeneity. The inhibitor, extracted from cartilage using 2 M NaCl, was applied to an A-1.5m gel filtration column. Inhibitor eluted at an apparent Mr of 28,000. Further purification was achieved by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A purification of greater than 1,000-fold was achieved. The inhibitor was judged homogeneous by the appearance of a single band on a silver-stained 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. Reduced inhibitor had an Mr of 27,400, unreduced inhibitor had an Mr of 23,900. NH2-terminal sequence data were obtained for the first 45 residues. The bovine cartilage-derived inhibitor exhibits greater than 65% homology over the first 23 residues with a collagenase inhibitor purified from human skin fibroblasts maintained in cell culture. This is the first demonstration that collagenase inhibitors extracted directly from tissue may be similar to those obtained from culture medium.
Recombinant human extrinsic pathway inhibitor. Production, isolation, and characterization of its inhibitory activity on tissue factor-initiated coagulation reactions. (1990)

Previous studies have shown that extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) is an effective inhibitor of factor Xa alone or factor VIIa-tissue factor complex in the presence of factor Xa. Since tissue factor exposure is implicated in thrombogenesis, we hypothesized that EPI may be valuable in the treatment of some thromboembolic episodes. Furthermore, EPI may be an important factor in bleeding complications in hemophiliacs. In the present study, human EPI was expressed in baby hamster kidney cells using a mammalian expression vector. Transfected cells expressed 1-2 micrograms/ml of recombinant EPI (rEPI) which was purified to homogeneity by heparin-Sepharose chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Purified rEPI exhibited a specific activity of 30,000 units/mg and migrated as a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 42,000. In addition, the NH2-terminal sequence of rEPI was identical to that of HepG2 EPI and HeLa EPI. The ability of rEPI to inhibit factor X activation by a complex of factor VIIa-tissue factor was then examined in the presence and absence of plasma concentrations of human factors VIII and IX. Using relipidated human brain tissue factor apoprotein, rEPI inhibited the factor VIIa-mediated activation of factor X half-maximally at 2.5 and 1 nM in the presence and absence of factors VIII and IX, respectively. Using monolayers of a human bladder carcinoma cell line (J82) as the source of tissue factor, the activation of factor X by cell-bound factor VIIa was inhibited half-maximally by 5 nM rEPI in the presence of factors VIII and IX. The proteolytic activity of J82 cell-bound factor Xa toward prothrombin was inhibited half-maximally at approximately 5 nM rEPI, while the amidolytic activity of factor Xa in solution was inhibited by rEPI with a Ki of 130 pM. Recombinant EPI also inhibited the amidolytic activity of factor VIIa half-maximally at 10 nM rEPI in the presence of relipidated tissue factor apoprotein and calcium. These results indicate that, in the presence of plasma concentrations of factors VIII and IX, at least 10 times the plasma concentration of EPI is required to reduce factor VIIa-dependent factor X activation one order of magnitude in vitro. In the absence of functional factor VIII and IX, rEPI at plasma levels was a potent inhibitor of factor VIIa-mediated factor X activation, and this activity presumably accounts for the inability of hemophiliacs to initiate hemostasis via the extrinsic pathway.
Software suite for image archiving and retrieval. (1992)

The efficient operation of a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS) requires a fully functional image archive. The archive should not only be able to store and retrieve images reliably but should also work in concert with software that optimizes the flow of image-related information throughout the PACS. The authors devised a software suite that serves to improve the flow and content of information and the integrity of the data. The software was developed by translating the functions performed by a conventional film library. Types of transactions possible with this system include scheduling, canceling, rescheduling, and prestaging examinations; changing demographic information; merging patient information; and generating reports. The authors believe such a software suite is essential for a clinically useful PACS.
The Rise and Fall of NMDA Antagonists for Ischemic Stroke (2004)

It has long been accepted that high concentrations of glutamate can destroy neurons, and this is the basis of the theory of excitotoxicity during brain injury such as stroke. Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as Selfotel, Aptiganel, Gavestinel and others failed to show neuroprotective efficacy in human clinical trials or produced intolerable central nervous system adverse effects. The failure of these agents has been attributed to poor studies in animal models and to poorly designed clinical trials. We also speculate that NMDA receptor antagonism may have hindered endogenous mechanisms for neuronal survival and neuroregeneration. It remains to be proven in human stroke whether NMDA receptor antagonism can be neuroprotective.
Error analysis of filters implemented with floating point arithmetic (2002)

Discrete time filters widely used in most control applications are usually implemented on finite precision digital devices which employ either fixed point of floating point arithmetic. Large dynamic range and the inherent normalizing characteristic of floating point representations may, in certain cases, make them preferable over other forms of representations. In a general simulation of system response, the effects due to quantization are not usually considered. This study presents a code for emulation of floating point quantization effects in time domain simulation of the system response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase I/II Study of Ipilimumab for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (2008)

Ipilimumab has activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. Late responses were observed in patients with prolonged SD.
The incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma in southern Germany (2006)

The current results indicated which diverging trends between incidence and mortality may be explained by improved public awareness regarding suspicious pigmented lesions and the earlier detection of these tumors. Continuation of the current preventive strategy and its expansion to include older age groups in the population are warranted.
The effect of nifedipine, Ca2+ antagonist, on activity of MAO inhibitors, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin in the mouse tail suspension test (1998)

An antidepressive effect is associated with the A type monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors which selectively stimulate serotonin conversion into N-acetylserotonin and melatonin. The current study compared the effect of these compounds with the non-selective MAO inhibitors and selective MAO-B inhibitors on the duration of immobility in the mouse tail suspension test, a variant of the 'behavioural despair' test. Since the Ca(2+) antagonist, nifedipine, potentiated the effect of tricyclic and atypical antidepressants in the tail suspension test, the additional aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of nifedipine in combination with ineffective doses of MAO inhibitors. Befloxatone, a selective reversible MAO-A inhibitor, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin decreased the duration of immobility. Non-selective MAO inhibitors (phenelzine and niamid), selective MAO-B inhibitors (deprenyl and Ro 196327) and selective MAO-A inhibitors (brofaromine, moclobemide and clorgyline) did not affect the duration of immobility. Nifedipine decreased the duration of immobility in combination with ineffective doses of all tested drugs, except the selective MAO-B inhibitor, Ro 196327. The results of our study suggest the antidepressant-like activity of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin and the possibility of the potentiation of the effect of practically all known classes of antidepressants by Ca(2+) antagonist, nifedipine.
BMP4 regulates the hematopoietic stem cell niche (2009)

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is required for mesoderm commitment to the hematopoietic lineage during early embryogenesis. However, deletion of BMP4 is early embryonically lethal and its functional role in definitive hematopoiesis is unknown. Consequently, we used a BMP4 hypomorph to investigate the role of BMP4 in regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and maintaining steady-state hematopoiesis in the adult. Reporter gene expression shows that Bmp4 is expressed in cells associated with the hematopoietic microenvironment including osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and megakaryocytes. Although resting hematopoiesis is normal in a BMP4-deficient background, the number of c-Kit+, Sca-1+, Lineage- cells is significantly reduced. Serial transplantation studies reveal that BMP4-deficient recipients have a microenvironmental defect that reduces the repopulating activity of wild-type HSCs. This defect is even more pronounced in a parabiosis model that demonstrates a profound reduction in wild-type hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow of BMP4-deficient recipients. Furthermore, wild-type HSCs that successfully engraft into the BMP4-deficient bone marrow show a marked decrease in functional stem cell activity when tested in a competitive repopulation assay. Taken together, these findings indicate BMP4 is a critical component of the hematopoietic microenvironment that regulates both HSC number and function.
Overview of methodologies for T-cell receptor repertoire analysis (2017)

Several valid methods for clonotype identification and TCR repertoire analysis exist, however, a gold standard method for the field has not yet been identified. Depending on the purpose of the scientific study, some approaches may be more suitable than others. Finally, due to possible method specific biases, scientists must be careful when comparing results obtained using different methods.
Improved imaging of metastatic melanoma with high dose 9. 2. 27 In-111 monoclonal antibody (1985)

In-111 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 9.2.27, a IgG2a, directed against a melanoma-associated antigen was administered in escalating doses (1-100 mg) to 9 patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma. This product (5 pts) or mixtures with 50 mg (3 pts) or 100 mg (1 pt) of unlabeled 9.2.27 was infused over 2 hr and serial scanning was performed from 2 hr to 6d. In an attempt to block nonspecific organ uptake 2 pts received 7.5 grams preinfusion of human gamma globulin (gamimmune). 2 of 5 pts receiving 1 mg had 2 of 8 known sites which were scan positive. In addition to tumor uptake, liver spleen and bone marrow uptake was prominent. Pts receiving greater than or equal to 50 mg had less ''non-specific'' organ uptake, and more prolonged plasma retention with 52% versus 14% in plasma at 24 hr. Pre-infusion of gamimmune had no effect on biodistribution. Predominant excretion was renal with 3% per day after the first 24 hours. No toxicity was observed. An antimouse immune response was seen in 1 of 4 pts tested. This data shows significant dose-dependent differences in biodistribution of In-111 9.2.27 with improved tumor detection at the higher dose levels.
Multiple scattering in optical coherence microscopy (1995)

We show that the multiple-scatter rejection provided by optical coherence microscopy (low-coherence interferometry) can be incomplete in optically turbid media and that multiple scattering manifests itself in two distinct ways. Multiple small-angle scattering results in an effective probe field that is stronger than expected from a first-order beam extinction model, but that contains a distorted wave front that enhances the apparent reflectance of small structures relative to those that are larger than the unscattered incident beam. Multiple wide-angle scattering produces a broad diffuse haze that reduces the contrast of subsequent features.