gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model Based Testing Technique to Test Web Applications Using Statecharts (2008)

In this paper, we discuss a model based software testing method for testing of the Web applications using StateCharts. To this end, we briefly describe the test coverage technique, editorial tools for drawing StateCharts, modeling concurrency in Web applications, and test metrics. A simple Web application has been used to show the feasibility of our approach.
A coupled-waveguide grating resonator filter (1992)

A coupled-waveguide grating resonator is proposed and analyzed for implementing a tunable narrowband wavelength filter. Exchange Bragg reflection between two strongly coupled dissimilar waveguides is utilized in the filter design. The input and output (reflected) signals are spatially separated so that the device may be suitable as a signal dropping filter in a unidirectional ring photonic network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Enantioselective Synthetic Route to Omuralide Analogues with the Potential for Species Selectivity in Proteasome Inhibition (2001)

[reaction in text] The building blocks shown can be combined for an enantioselective construction of the simplified omuralide analogue 4 in nine steps, with the use of (R)-atrolactic acid as a recoverable chiral controller.
In situ androgen producing enzymes in human prostate cancer (2005)

Androgens have been proposed to be actively produced in situ in human prostate cancer. These locally produced androgens have also been considered to play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of prostate cancer. Therefore, it is important to examine the status of this in situ androgen metabolism and/or synthesis in detail in order to improve the clinical response to hormonal therapy in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Several studies have previously demonstrated the expression of androgen-producing enzymes such as 5alpha-reductase types 1 and 2, and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD5), in human prostate carcinoma cells. However, their biological significance has remained largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the immunoreactivities of these steroidogenic enzymes in human prostate cancer obtained from surgery (n = 70), and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features of the patients. 17Beta-HSD5 immunoreactivity was detected in 54 cases (77%), 5alpha-reductase type 1 in 51 cases (73%) and 5alpha-reductase type 2 in 39 cases (56%). 5Alpha-reductase type 2 immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with that of androgen receptor (AR), and 17beta-HSD5 positive cases were significantly associated with clinical stage (TNM stage pT3 vs pT2). These data all suggest that androgen-producing enzymes, such as 5alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2, and 17beta-HSD5 are expressed in a majority of prostate cancers, and are involved in the local production and actions of androgens in prostate cancers.
Perturbation of Endothelial Functions by Ionizing Irradiation: Effects on Prostaglandins, Chemoattractants and Mitogens (1989)

Numerous studies have shown that early radiation injury is characterized by vascular damage and that the initial site of damage appears to be the EC lining of the vessel wall. Chronic irreversible tissue reactions to radiation include thrombotic occlusion of capillaries, enhanced atherosclerosis in larger vessels, inflammatory changes, and late tissue fibrosis. These processes may be mediated by endothelial products released as a result of cellular injury. Using EC cultures, we show that ionizing irradiation affects one of the major vascular defense mechanisms against platelet activation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis--the capacity to produce PGI2. Dose- and time-related damage to enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade were demonstrated. Radiation damage is associated with oxidant stress and production of free radicals. The oxygen radical scavenger, vitamin C, was found to protect the capacity of irradiated ECs to produce PGI2. Radiation injury often induces an acute inflammatory response. We found that irradiated ECs release a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, which is a lipid product of the lipoxygenase pathway. Late radiation-induced tissue fibrosis and the capacity of radiation to enhance arteriosclerosis may involve participation of mitogens released from perturbed and damaged ECs. We show that conditioned medium of irradiated ECs contain larger amounts of newly synthesized mitogens capable of stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts, SMCs, and ECs. Hence, it may be assumed that the mitogenic activity released by irradiated ECs includes both PDGF and FGF-like mitogens.
Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on in vitro growth of human solid tumors. (1989)

Solid tumor biopsies from 33 patients were tested in vitro to evaluate the growth modulatory effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In 29 of 33 studies (88%), addition of GM-CSF either had no effect on in vitro growth, or induced growth inhibition. While significant growth inhibition was observed in 10 studies, marked inhibition was only observed in three studies. However, all dose-response curves were usually flat, suggesting indirect effects. Moderate growth stimulation was observed in four instances, which may have been due to residual granulocyte-macrophage progenitors within the biopsies. We conclude that GM-CSF has little or no growth-modulatory effect on most nonhematopoietic neoplasms. The primary role of GM-CSF in patients with solid tumors appears to be in prevention or reversal of myelosuppression associated with therapy. Thus, while GM-CSF seems unlikely to have a role in monotherapy of cancer, it is also unlikely to have its utility compromised by enhancement of tumor growth.
Human prostate sphere‐forming cells represent a subset of basal epithelial cells capable of glandular regeneration in vivo (2009)

Human prostate sphere-forming cells self-renew, have tissue regeneration capability, and represent a subpopulation of basal cells.
Fast detection and segmentation of drusen in retinal optical coherence tomography images (2008)

Accurate detection-characterization of drusen is an important imaging biomarker of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. We report on the development of an automatic method for detection and segmentation of drusen in retinal images captured via high speed spectral domain coherence tomography (SDOCT) systems. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of a priori knowledge about the retina shape and structure in the AMD and normal eyes. In the first step, the location of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is estimated by searching for the locally connected segments with high radiometric vertical gradients appearing in the upper section of the SDOCT scans. The high reflective and locally connected pixels that are spatially located below the RNFL layer are taken as the initial estimate of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer location. Such rough estimates are smoothed and improved by using a slightly modified implementation of the Xu-Prince gradient vector flow based deformable snake method. Further steps, including a two-pass scan of the image, remove outliers and improve the accuracy of the estimates. Unlike healthy eyes commonly exhibiting a convex RPE shape, the shape of the RPE layer in AMD eyes might include abnormalities due to the presence of drusen. Therefore by enforcing local convexity condition and fitting second or fourth order polynomials to the possibly unhealthy (abnormal) RPE curve, the health (normal) shape of the RPE layer is estimated. The area between the estimated normal and the segmented RPE outlines is marked as possible drusen location. Moreover, fine-tuning steps are incorporated to improve the accuracy of the proposed technique. All methods are implemented in a graphical user interface (GUI) software package based on MATLAB platform. Minor errors in estimating drusen volume can be easily manually corrected using the user-friendly software interface and the program is constantly refined to correct for the repeating errors. This semi-supervised approach significantly reduces the time and resources needed to conduct a large-scale AMD study. The computational complexity of the core automated segmentation technique is attractive as it only takes about 6.5 seconds on a conventional PC to segment, display, and record drusen locations in an image of size (512 &times; 1000) pixels. Experimental results on segmenting drusen in SDOCT images of different subjects are included, which attest to the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
SieveStore (2010)

Emerging solid-state storage media can significantly improve storage performance and energy. However, the high cost-per-byte of solid-state media has hindered wide-spread adoption in servers. This paper proposes a new, cost-effective architecture - SieveStore - which enables the use of solid-state media to significantly filter access to storage ensembles. Our paper makes three key contributions. First, we make a case for highly-selective, storage-ensemble-level disk-block caching based on the highly-skewed block popularity distribution and based on the dynamic nature of the popular block set. Second, we identify the problem of allocation-writes and show that selective cache allocation to reduce allocation-writes - sieving - is fundamental to enable efficient ensemble-level disk-caching. Third, we propose two practical variants of SieveStore. Based on week-long block access traces from a storage ensemble of 13 servers, we find that the two components (sieving and ensemble-level caching) each contribute to SieveStore's cost-effectiveness. Compared to unsieved, ensemble-level disk-caches, SieveStore achieves significantly higher hit ratios (35%-50% more, on average) while using only 1/7 th the number of SSD drives. Further, ensemble-level caching is strictly better in cost-performance compared to per-server caching.
Five Fingers of Death: On Revenge and the Martial Arts (2003)

In 1969, when I was in sixth grade, my brother and I liked to play kung fu in our shared bedroom at the top of the house. This was because the first wave of Hong Kong martial arts movies to hit America was pouring over the airwaves in a blitz of commercials for Five Fingers of Death, an especially violent entry in the genre. We never saw anything but the trailer, but that was enough: Lo Leih catching a samurai sword thrust at his face between two palms before breaking it with his forearm (symbolizing the Chinese arts beating the Japanese arts). This was pretty compelling, as was the wild variety of techniques—tiger claw, sun fist, willow palm, shadowless kick. I couldn't understand the social implications, but in some visceral way I knew there was an incredible beauty to the discipline that could move with such exactitude and cause so much damage. And what was amazing to us was that the striking hand was often not clenched into a fist, but open, and the fighters were leaping into the air, not rooted to the ground like boxers. As fairy-tale in plot and cheap in execution as those movies were, they still formed a part of how my child's mind conceived things: the underdog, by force of will and mastery of technique, could defeat all odds.
A segment of the phage HK022 chromosome is a mosaic of other lambdoid chromosomes (1994)

We report the sequence of a region of the PR operon of lambdoid phage HK022 and an analysis of the proteins it encodes. This region has DNA sequence elements and open reading frames that resemble those found in phages lambda, P22, and phi 80. The open reading frames encode homologs of the lambda CII transcription activator, the P22 DNA replication proteins, and a fourth protein of unknown function.
Immune Responses in Pigs Vaccinated with Adjuvanted and Non-Adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm/09 Influenza Vaccines Used in Human Immunization Programmes (2012)

Following the emergence and global spread of a novel H1N1 influenza virus in 2009, two A(H1N1)pdm/09 influenza vaccines produced from the A/California/07/09 H1N1 strain were selected and used for the national immunisation programme in the United Kingdom: an adjuvanted split virion vaccine and a non-adjuvanted whole virion vaccine. In this study, we assessed the immune responses generated in inbred large white pigs (Babraham line) following vaccination with these vaccines and after challenge with A(H1N1)pdm/09 virus three months post-vaccination. Both vaccines elicited strong antibody responses, which included high levels of influenza-specific IgG1 and haemagglutination inhibition titres to H1 virus. Immunisation with the adjuvanted split vaccine induced significantly higher interferon gamma production, increased frequency of interferon gamma-producing cells and proliferation of CD4(-)CD8(+) (cytotoxic) and CD4(+)CD8(+) (helper) T cells, after in vitro re-stimulation. Despite significant differences in the magnitude and breadth of immune responses in the two vaccinated and mock treated groups, similar quantities of viral RNA were detected from the nasal cavity in all pigs after live virus challenge. The present study provides support for the use of the pig as a valid experimental model for influenza infections in humans, including the assessment of protective efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Robust determination of molecular spectra on a quantum processor (2017)

Harnessing the full power of nascent quantum processors requires the efficient management of a limited number of quantum bits with finite lifetime. Hybrid algorithms leveraging classical resources have demonstrated promising initial results in the efficient calculation of Hamiltonian ground states--an important eigenvalue problem in the physical sciences that is often classically intractable. In these protocols, a Hamiltonian is parsed and evaluated term-wise with a shallow quantum circuit, and the resulting energy minimized using classical resources. This reduces the number of consecutive logical operations that must be performed on the quantum hardware before the onset of decoherence. We demonstrate a complete implementation of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), augmented with a novel Quantum Subspace Expansion, to calculate the complete energy spectrum of the H2 molecule with near chemical accuracy. The QSE also enables the mitigation of incoherent errors, potentially allowing the implementation of larger-scale algorithms without complex quantum error correction techniques.
Molecular biology of fructan accumulation in plants (1991)

Conference Article| August 01 1991 Molecular biology of fructan accumulation in plants Sjef Smeekens; Sjef Smeekens 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3583 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gerco Angenent; Gerco Angenent 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3583 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michel Ebskamp; Michel Ebskamp 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3583 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Peter Weisbeek Peter Weisbeek 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3583 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (3): 565–569. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190565 Article history Received: March 05 1991 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Sjef Smeekens, Gerco Angenent, Michel Ebskamp, Peter Weisbeek; Molecular biology of fructan accumulation in plants. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1991; 19 (3): 565–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190565 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DP, degree of polymerization, SST, sucrose-sucrose fructosyltransferase, FFT, fructan-fructan frutosyltransferase, CHI, cycloheximide This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ischemic Lacunar Stroke in Patients With and Without Potential Mechanism Other Than Small-Artery Disease (2003)

Our data suggest that patients with non-SAD lacunar strokes have a worse clinical outcome and a higher prevalence of large cerebral and coronary artery disease than patients with SAD lacunar strokes.
Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to mRNA of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: location and gene products of RNA transcripts found late in infection (1982)

DNAs complementary to late Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) mRNA were synthesized by reverse transcription and cloned in Escherichia coli by using pBR322 as a vector. Eleven different cDNAs were distinguished in our screening of 45 AcNPV-homologous clones. Location of the regions of cDNA homology with respect to the AcNPV physical map showed that the 11 cDNAs were dispersed throughout the genome. The most abundant cDNA insertion, representing approximately one-third of the late viral mRNAs, was homologous to the AcNPV HindIII-P,Q and EcoRI-P fragments. The direction of transcription in this region was from left to right on a linearized AcNPV physical map. Hybridization selection followed by in vitro translation showed that this region encoded a 7,200-dalton (7.2K) protein which comigrated with a minor protein found in the extracellular nonoccluded form of the virus (NOV). Similarly, the gene for polyhedrin, the major structural protein of the occluded virus form, was located, at least in part, in the HindIII-V/EcoRI-I region of the AcNPV map. The polyhedrin transcript represented approximately one-quarter of the viral polyadenylic acid-containing RNAs at 27 h postinfection. Another relatively abundant cDNA was homologous to the HindIII-A/EcoRI-C/SstI-G region, and RNA selected by this cDNA directed the synthesis of two proteins (31K and 30K). The protein products of five other cDNA-selected RNAs were identified. The HindIII-D/EcoRI-O, HindIII-C/EcoRI-D, HindIII-B1/EcoRI-E, and HindIII-B2/EcoRI-H regions of the AcNPV L-1 genome were homologous to RNAs which directed the synthesis of a 57K protein, a 25K protein, a 61K protein, and a 37K protein (plus a minor 26K protein), respectively. Late mRNA selected by a cDNA homologous to the HindIII-P/EcoRI-B region of the AcNPV map directed the synthesis of 31K and 30K proteins which comigrated with the 31K and 30K proteins translated from RNA selected by the HindIII-A/EcoRI-C/SstI-G cDNA. Three other cDNAs have not been correlated yet with specific protein products.
A Minimalist Design Approach to Antimicrobial Agents Based on a Thionin Template (2005)

Numerous studies have been devoted to the stabilization of secondary structure elements to improve receptor-ligand recognition. We report a novel application of this principle to create new antimicrobial agents using the highly folded thionin from Pyrularia puberaas a template. Non-native disulfide bonds have been used to induce two short linear segments of the protein into an amphipathic helix. The resulting 13- and 9-residue peptides are significantly more active than their linear counterparts and have an activity similar to that of native thionin.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
R&D challenges and solutions for highly complex distributed systems: a middleware perspective (2011)

Abstract Highly complex distributed systems (HCDSs) are characterized by a large number of mission-critical, heterogeneous inter-dependent subsystems executing concurrently with diverse—often conflicting—quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Creating, integrating, and assuring these properties in HCDSs is hard and expecting application developers to perform these activities without significant support is unrealistic. As a result, the computing and communication foundation for HCDSs is increasingly based on middleware. This article examines key R&amp;D challenges that impede the ability of researchers and developers to manage HCDS software complexity. For each challenge that must be addressed to support HCDSs, the article surveys the state-of-the-art middleware solutions to these challenges and describes open issues and promising future research directions.
Critical Issues in Peripheral Arterial Disease Detection and Management<subtitle>A Call to Action</subtitle> (2003)

Jill J. F. Belch, MD; Eric J. Topol, MD; Giancarlo Agnelli, MD; Michel Bertrand, MD; Robert M. Califf, MD; Denis L. Clement, MD; Mark A. Creager, MD; J. Donald Easton, MD; James R. Gavin III, MD, PhD; Philip Greenland, MD; Graeme Hankey, MD; Peter Hanrath, MD; Alan T. Hirsch, MD; Jurgen Meyer, MD; Sidney C. Smith, MD; Frank Sullivan, PhD; Michael A. Weber, MD; for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Disease Network
Systemic delivery of RafsiRNA using cationic cardiolipin liposomes silences Raf-1 expression and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft model of human prostate cancer (2005)

Raf-1, a protein serine-threonine kinase, plays a critical role in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK/MEK)- mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) (MAPK/ERK) pathways. We show here that systemically delivered novel cationic cardiolipin liposomes (NeoPhectin-AT) containing a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Raf-1 silence the expression of Raf-1 in tumor tissues and inhibit tumor growth in xenograft model of human prostate cancer. The knockdown of Raf-1 expression by siRNA is also associated with down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression in vivo.