gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saying and seeing it with feeling: techniques for synthesizing visible, emotional speech. (1994)

We describe attempts to synthesize visible speech in real-time on a Macintosh^TM personal computer, and to enable the user to color the text of the speech to be synthesized emotionally, according to the user&amp;apos;s wishes, the representation of the text, or the semantics of the utterance. The animated visible speech will be demonstrated, in real time, using a variety of on-screen agents and faces. The speech synthesizer used is Apple Computer&amp;apos;s MacinTalkPro2®, running on a Quadra AV® computer. Introduction Researchers in disciplines as diverse as ethology, psychology, speech therapy, interpersonal communications and human-machine interface design agree that facial expressions enhance communication. Facial expressions convey both emotion (Ekman and Friesen, 1986) and other communicative signals (Chovil, 1991). A multimodal form of interaction with a computer on-screen agent is likely to improve the quality of the dialogue, both in terms of intelligibility and with regard to user-friendline...
Immune response correlation with progression-free survival in glioblastoma following dendritic cell immunotherapy (ICT-107). (2010)

2097 Background: Active immunotherapy offers the potential for high tumor-specific toxicity and sustained tumoricidal activity. We therefore have developed this protocol to exploit the most current knowledge of specific glioma-associated antigens and used these antigens to induce a potent T cell response. Methods: The goal of this study is to administer dendritic cells pulsed with tumor associated antigens (TAA) expressed on gliomas to therapeutically vaccinate patients. TAA epitopes included HER2, TRP-2, gp100, MAGE-1, IL13R alpha, and AIM-3. In this phase I trial, sponsored by ImmunoCellular, HLA-A1 and/or HLA-A2 positive patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent brainstem glioma or glioblastoma were eligible. Mononuclear cells were isolated by leukapheresis, differentiated into dendritic cells in culture, pulsed with TAA peptides, and then administered intradermally three times at two week intervals. Results: Twenty-one patients with one screen failure, 16 males and 5 females, were enrolled between November 2006 and January 2010. There were 17 newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 3 patients with recurrent GBM, and 1 brainstem glioma. Vaccination was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Immune response data on 17 glioblastoma patients showed 35% responders (> 1.5 fold increase IFN g production after vaccination = responsder by tetramer/FACS) with prolong survival in 6 responder and 11 nonresponder (114 and 87 wks: p = 0.046). Irrespective of immune responsiveness, 6 of 16 newly diagnosed GBM patients continue to show no signs of tumor recurrence, three of whom have gone more than two years with no disease progression (135-169 weeks). The median progression-free survival time in this group was 13.7 months and RT/TMZ regimen 6.9 months (EORTC/NCIC). Data on 20 patients and 57 courses of dendritic cell vaccines demonstrated zero grade 3/4 toxicities that were attributable to the vaccination. Conclusions: Survival and progression-free survival compare favorably to previously performed immunotherapy trials for glioblastoma. In addition, positive antitumor cytokine response correlated with longer progression-free survival. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ImmunoCellular Therapeutics ImmunoCellular Therapeutics ImmunoCellular Therapeutics ImmunoCellular Therapeutics
Studies on Ketene and Its Derivatives. LI. Reaction of &alpha;-Aminoamide with Diketene (1972)

Reaction of diketene with glycinamide (IIIa) and its N-substituted derivatives (IIIb-f) afforded 2-acetoacetamidoacetamide (IVa-f) in a good yield. Treatment of IVa-e with sodium methoxide in methanol gave several cyclization products (II, V, VI, VII, , VIII). In the case of IVa-c, the main product was II which is obtainable by the cyclization of ethyl acetoacetylglycine3)(Ia). On the other hand, disubstituted derivative such as IVd, e gave 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (VI, VII) as a main product.
The mechanism for the activation of latent TGF-beta during co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells: cell-type specific targeting of latent TGF-beta to smooth muscle cells. (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is secreted in a latent form and activated during co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Plasmin located on the surface of endothelial cells is required for the activation of latent TGF-beta (LTGF-beta) during co-culture, and the targeting of LTGF-beta to the cellular surface is requisite for its activation. In the present study, the cellular targeting of LTGF-beta was examined. We detected the specific binding of 125I-large LTGF-beta 1 isolated from human platelets to smooth muscle cells but not to endothelial cells. A mAb against the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of large LTGF-beta 1 complex, which blocked the binding of 125I-large LTGF-beta 1 to smooth muscle cells, inhibited the activation of LTGF-beta during co-culture. The binding of 125I-large LTGF-beta 1 could not be competed either by mannose-6-phosphate (300 microM) or by the synthetic peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (300 micrograms/ml). These results indicate that the targeting of LTGF-beta to smooth muscle cells is required for the activation of LTGF-beta during co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The targeting of LTGF-beta to smooth muscle cells is mediated by LAP, and the domain of LAP responsible for the targeting to smooth muscle cells may not be related to mannose-6-phosphate or an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, both of which have been previously proposed as candidates for the cellular binding domains within LAP.
Near-infrared spectrophotometric monitoring of oxygen distribution to intact brain and skeletal muscle tissues (1986)

During continuous near-infrared optical monitoring of brain cortex and hindlimb skeletal muscles, anesthetized, ventilated cats were exposed either to progressive alveolar hypoxia, or to acute hemorrhage followed in some cases by resuscitation. Hypoxia decreased cytochrome a,a3 oxidation state in muscle more than in brain, while tissue blood volume increased in brain and decreased in muscle. At a PaO2 of 25 torr, cytochrome a,a3 oxidation level in the brain was sufficient to support EEG activity, but the cytochrome a,a,3 oxidation state in resting, innervated hindlimb muscle was near zero. Hemorrhagic hypotension invariably decreased cytochrome a,a3 oxidation state and tissue blood volume more in muscle than in brain, and muscle cytochrome a,a3 was completely reduced at about a 25-ml/kg blood loss. These observations, supported by noninvasively measured changes in near-infrared absorption in the tissues during serial intravascular injections of indocyanine green dye, indicate that different cytochrome responses to hypoxia and oligemia in muscle vs. brain tissue are attributable to different regional circulatory adjustments.
Antioxidant properties ofN‐acetylcysteine: their relevance in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2004)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both reactive oxidant species from inhaled cigarette smoke and those endogenously formed by inflammatory cells constitute an increased intrapulmonary oxidant burden. Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and airway walls. In addition, oxidative stress results in alterations in the local immune response, increasing the risk of infections and exacerbations, which, in turn, may accelerate lung function decline. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor, has been applied in these patients in order to reduce symptoms, exacerbations and the accelerated lung function decline. This article reviews the presently available experimental and clinical data on the antioxidative effects of N-acetylcysteine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Facile assembly and fluorescence-based screening method for heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways in fungi (2018)

Heterologous expression of multi-gene biosynthetic pathways in eukaryotic hosts is limited by highly regulated individual monocistrons. Dissimilar to prokaryotes, each eukaryotic gene is strictly controlled by its own regulatory elements, such as promoter and terminator. Consequently, parallel transcription can occur only when a group of genes is synchronously activated. A strategy to circumvent this limitation is the concerted expression of multiple genes as a polycistron. By exploiting the "stop-carry on" mechanism of picornaviruses, we have designed a sophisticated, yet easy-to-assemble vector system to heterologously express multiple genes under the control of a single promoter. For facile selection of correctly transformed colonies by basic fluorescence microscopy, our vector includes a split gene for a fluorescent reporter protein. This method was successfully applied to produce the psychotropic mushroom alkaloid psilocybin in high yields by heterologous expression of the entire biosynthetic gene cluster in the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
Transcellular Regulation of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis (2003)

Models for in vivo scenarios of transcellular biosynthesis provide invaluable information about the regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis that is likely to occur during multicellular events in vivo. The experimental approach of studying eicosanoid generation during cell-cell interactions and receptor-mediated cell activation represents a significant advancement beyond initial observations of eicosanoid formation and bioaction in isolated cell types that were activated under less physiologically relevant conditions. The experimental models reviewed in this chapter should be viewed as specific examples or as approaches to the study of cell-cell interactions. These examples may serve as guidelines to investigate novel cell-cell scenarios (see Fig. 3) and advance the emerging area of transcellular biosynthesis of bioactive lipid mediators.
An Efficient Route to 4-Aryl-5-pyrimidinylimidazoles via Sequential Functionalization of 2,4-Dichloropyrimidine (2005)

[reaction: see text] Starting from 2,4-dichloropyrimidine, a concise synthetic route to medicinally important 4-aryl-5-pyrimidinylimidazoles is described. Sequential substitution of the 4- and 2-chloro groups using a regioselective Sonogashira coupling, followed by nucleophilic substitution, led to pyrimidinylalkyne derivatives, which were then oxidized to their corresponding 1,2-diketones. These 1,2-diketones, on cyclocondensation with ammonium acetate and an aldehyde, furnished the desired pyrimidinyl imidazoles in good overall yields.
Overcoming the Stratum Corneum: The Modulation of Skin Penetration (2006)

It is preferred that topically administered drugs act either dermally or transdermally. For that reason they have to penetrate into the deeper skin layers or permeate the skin. The outermost layer of the human skin, the stratum corneum, is responsible for its barrier function. Most topically administered drugs do not have the ability to penetrate the stratum corneum. In these cases modulations of the skin penetration profiles of these drugs and skin barrier manipulations are necessary. A skin penetration enhancement can be achieved either chemically, physically or by use of appropriate formulations. Numerous chemical compounds have been evaluated for penetration-enhancing activity, and different modes of action have been identified for skin penetration enhancement. In addition to chemical methods, skin penetration of drugs can be improved by physical options such as iontophoresis and phonophoresis, as well as by combinations of both chemical and physical methods or by combinations of several physical methods. There are cases where skin penetration of the drug used in the formulation is not the aim of the topical administration. Penetration reducers can be used to prevent chemicals entering the systemic circulation. This article concentrates on the progress made mainly over the last decade by use of chemical penetration enhancers. The different action modes of these substances are explained, including the basic principles of the physical skin penetration enhancement techniques and examples for their application.
On the relationship between radiance and irradiance: determining the illumination from images of a convex Lambertian object (2001)

We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between incoming radiance and irradiance. Specifically, we address the question of whether it is possible to compute the incident radiance from knowledge of the irradiance at all surface orientations. This is a fundamental question in computer vision and inverse radiative transfer. We show that the irradiance can be viewed as a simple convolution of the incident illumination, i.e., radiance and a clamped cosine transfer function. Estimating the radiance can then be seen as a deconvolution operation. We derive a simple closed-form formula for the irradiance in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients of the incident illumination and demonstrate that the odd-order modes of the lighting with order greater than 1 are completely annihilated. Therefore these components cannot be estimated from the irradiance, contradicting a theorem that is due to Preisendorfer. A practical realization of the radiance-from-irradiance problem is the estimation of the lighting from images of a homogeneous convex curved Lambertian surface of known geometry under distant illumination, since a Lambertian object reflects light equally in all directions proportional to the irradiance. We briefly discuss practical and physical considerations and describe a simple experimental test to verify our theoretical results.
miR-424(322) reverses chemoresistance via T-cell immune response activation by blocking the PD-L1 immune checkpoint (2016)

Immune checkpoint blockade of the inhibitory immune receptors PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 has emerged as a successful treatment strategy for several advanced cancers. Here we demonstrate that miR-424(322) regulates the PD-L1/PD-1 and CD80/CTLA-4 pathways in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. miR-424(322) is inversely correlated with PD-L1, PD-1, CD80 and CTLA-4 expression. High levels of miR-424(322) in the tumours are positively correlated with the progression-free survival of ovarian cancer patients. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that miR-424(322) inhibited PD-L1 and CD80 expression through direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region. Restoration of miR-424(322) expression reverses chemoresistance, which is accompanied by blockage of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint. The synergistic effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is associated with the proliferation of functional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and the inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressive cells and regulatory T cells. Collectively, our data suggest a biological and functional interaction between PD-L1 and chemoresistance through the microRNA regulatory cascade.
Sequencing and modeling of anti-DNA immunoglobulin Fv domains. Comparison with crystal structures. (1994)

Models for the three-dimensional structures of the combining regions of six DNA-binding antibodies have been derived from the sequence data for their Fv domains presented here. Using the amino acid sequences and the canonical structure classes described by Chothia and Lesk (Chothia, C., and Lesk, A.M. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901), model loops were selected from immunoglobulin domains of known structure for five of the six antibody hypervariable regions. Models for the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain were constructed from known immunoglobulin loops of similar length and sequence. Comparison of three of the models with the respective crystal structure indicates that this procedure can generate a working model of the antibody combining region that provides useful information on the nature of the interactions between antibodies and nucleic acids. As part of our continuing investigation into the structural basis of antibody-DNA recognition, the observed and predicted models for the combining regions of nucleic acid-binding antibodies have been examined. In general, single strand-specific antibodies have deep clefts where the antigen might bind, whereas duplex-specific antibodies present a relatively flat surface. In addition, on the basis of both sequence and structure, there is little to distinguish autoimmune antibodies from those produced by immunization. Testable hypotheses for how these antibodies might interact with single- and double-stranded nucleic acids are presented.
Incorporating Concept Ontology for Hierarchical Video Classification, Annotation, and Visualization (2007)

Most existing content-based video retrieval (CBVR) systems are now amenable to support automatic low-level feature extraction, but they still have limited effectiveness from a user's perspective because of the semantic gap. Automatic video concept detection via semantic classification is one promising solution to bridge the semantic gap. To speed up SVM video classifier training in high-dimensional heterogeneous feature space, a novel multimodal boosting algorithm is proposed by incorporating feature hierarchy and boosting to reduce both the training cost and the size of training samples significantly. To avoid the inter-level error transmission problem, a novel hierarchical boosting scheme is proposed by incorporating concept ontology and multitask learning to boost hierarchical video classifier training through exploiting the strong correlations between the video concepts. To bridge the semantic gap between the available video concepts and the users' real needs, a novel hyperbolic visualization framework is seamlessly incorporated to enable intuitive query specification and evaluation by acquainting the users with a good global view of large-scale video collections. Our experiments in one specific domain of surgery education videos have also provided very convincing results.
Structural And Chemical Changes Among The Rust Fungi During Appressorium Development (1987)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Optical fibers for optical networking (2002)

This paper describes the influence of optical networking on the design of optical fibers. It reviews fundamental optical properties, describes the various fiber types, discusses the fiber requirements for optical networking, and considers the effects of fiber nonlinearities. Finally, the paper describes three new optical fibers from Lucent Technologies that have been optimized for optical networks — TrueWave® RS (reduced slope) fiber, TrueWave XL (extra large) fiber, and AllWave™ fiber.
Coherent Optical Phase-Modulation Link (2007)

We demonstrate and characterize a new class of radio-frequency (RF)-photonic link for the linear transport of analog RF signals. Simultaneous and separate detection and digitization of optical in-phase and quadrature-phase signals is employed for linear phase demodulation in the digital domain. This is shown to allow significantly larger tolerance to imperfect physical implementation of the phase demodulating receiver. Digitizer-limited spur-free dynamic range improvement >12 dBldrHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> is observed in our baseband demonstration. Modulation depths significantly exceeding unity are allowed and demonstrated.
Transgene and Transposon Silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by a DEAH-Box RNA Helicase (2000)

The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for posttranscriptional gene silencing and RNA interference remain poorly understood. We have cloned a gene (Mut6) from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is required for the silencing of a transgene and two transposon families. Mut6 encodes a protein that is highly homologous to RNA helicases of the DEAH-box family. This protein is necessary for the degradation of certain aberrant RNAs, such as improperly processed transcripts, which are often produced by transposons and some transgenes.
Synthesis of 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones via directed lithiation of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine derivatives (1996)

Directed lithiation of Boc or pivaloyl derivatives of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridines with BuLi–TMEDA in diethyl ether at –10 °C gave 4-lithio derivatives which were quenched with CO2 to give the analogous C-4 carboxylic acids. Hydrolysis of the protecting groups with either TFA or aqueous KOH gave 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine-4-carboxylic acids which were converted to 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones by reaction with formamide or, more optimally, formamidine acetate. Boc protected aminopyridines provided the best overall results, with synthesis of these derivatives best achieved by direct reaction of the aminopyridine with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the absence of added base.
Telomerase is not activated in human hyperplastic and adenomatous parathyroid tissue (2001)

Our findings indicate that telomerase is not a part of the mechanism promoting parathyroid proliferation and the underlying conditions remain to be determined.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the u-PA Gene are Related to Susceptibility to Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Northern Chinese Han Population (2013)

Our findings provide evidence that the rs2227564 C/T SNP in the u-PA gene is associated with the development of OSCC.
Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling Identifies Serum Proteomic Signatures for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Subtypes (2003)

Tumor-specific proteomic signatures may be useful for detection and classification of hepatocellular cancers.
Regulation of the Src Family Kinase Lck by Hsp90 and Ubiquitination (2004)

Regulation of the Src-related tyrosine kinase Lck is crucial to the outcome of T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. It was previously shown that the stability of the constitutively active mutant LckY505F is controlled by Hsp90 (M. J. Bijlmakers and M. Marsh, Mol. Biol. Cell. 11:1585-1595, 2000). Here we establish that following TCR stimulation, endogenous activated Lck in T cells is also degraded in the presence of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin. Using Lck constructs expressed in COS-7 cells, we show that the presence of activating Lck mutations results not only in the enhanced dependence on Hsp90 but also in enhanced ubiquitination of Lck. Although both processes were induced by mutations Y505F and W97A that release the SH2 and SH3 inhibitory intramolecular interactions, respectively, neither process required Lck kinase activity or activation-dependent phosphorylation at serines 42 and 59 or tyrosine 394. By binding to the ATP-binding site, the Src family inhibitor PP2 reduced ubiquitination and overcame the need for Hsp90 monitoring of active Lck. We conclude that the levels of active Lck are influenced by two opposing processes, targeting for degradation by ubiquitination and rescue from degradation by Hsp90 monitoring. Based on the PP2 result, we propose that activation-induced conformational changes of the Lck kinase domain instigate both regulatory processes.