gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing role of forebrain astrocytes during development, regenerative failure, and induced regeneration upon transplantation (1986)

When the cerebral midline is lesioned in the embryo or neonate, the would-be callosal axons form neuromas. We have shown that an untreated Millipore implant inserted between the neuromas in young acallosal animals can support the migration of immature astrocytes that, in turn, support the de novo growth of commissural axons between the hemispheres. Since callosal neuromas persist into adulthood, we asked whether a critical period exists after which reactive glia no longer promote axon growth. We found that a critical period does exist and have documented a variety of changes in reactive gliosis that, in part, may lead to the axon growth-refractory state. In acallosal mouse postnates given untreated implants on or prior to day 8, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+, stellate-shaped astrocytes migrated and attached to the implant by inserting foot processes into the pores of the filter. This form of gliotic response established an axon growth-promoting substratum within 24-48 hours after implantation. During this critical stage there was no evidence of scar formation or necrosis at or around the implant surface. However, when acallosal mice were implanted on or later than postnatal day 14, extensive tissue degeneration occurred, and a mixed population of astrocytes and fibroblasts invaded the surface of the filter, producing a dense scar. Reactive cells within the scar did not promote axonal outgrowth. To determine whether glia from neonates can influence the host environment and/or induce axonal regeneration in acallosal animals after the critical period, we harvested immature astrocytes on Millipore from critical-period mouse forebrains and transplanted the glia-coated prostheses into the brains of post-critical-period acallosal animals. Such transplants reduced glial scarring in the host, inhibited extensive bleeding and secondary necrosis, and promoted axonal regeneration. Our studies suggest that when controlled with a prosthesis, gliosis during the critical period is a beneficial process that can promote the reconstruction of malformed axon pathways; that in older animals a variety of changes in reactive glia and the extracellular matrix may work together to hinder axon regeneration after the critical period; and that axonal regeneration in the postcritical CNS may be stimulated by reintroducing an immature glial environment at the lesion site.
Magnetostriction of Terfenol-D heat treated under compressive stress (1999)

Heat treatment at temperatures >835/spl deg/C and compressive stresses >80 MPa substantially increased the magnetostrictive performance of Terfenol-D (Tb/sub 0.3/Dy/sub 0.7/Fe/sub 1.92/) under the condition of zero loading. This heat treatment created a built-in prestress which significantly increased the low stress magnetostriction and substantially altered the magnetization curve by reducing its initial susceptibility. For measurements at compressive stresses >15 MPa the effect of the built-in stress was minimal and the magnetostrictive performance was not appreciably altered.
28.2: Driving Method of FFS‐Mode OS‐LCD for Reducing Eye Strain (2013)

Abstract In order to reduce eye strain, a driving method reducing flickers is devised. For this driving, material constitution is optimized and an FFS mode with a storage capacitor is used. We fabricated an OS‐LCD, thereby revealing the possibility of reducing‐eye‐strain technology (REST) driving even in combination with a touch sensor.
Preparation of “Sugar-Coated” Homopolymers and Multiblock ROMP Copolymers (1996)

Ring-opened homopolymers of 5-norbornene-2-carboxylates or 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylates that contain acetal-protected sugars (1: 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranos-6-O-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate; 2: bis(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranos-6-O-yl) 5-norbornene-trans-2,3-dicarboxylate; 3: 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid ester containing 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-ribonic γ-lactone; 4: 3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-mannofuranos-1-O-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate) were prepared in toluene using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(O-t-Bu)2 as the initiator. These homopolymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.02−1.25) and a molecular weight dependent on the number of monomers added. Di-, tri-, and tetrablock copolymers containing 1−4, methyltetracyclododecene (MTD, 5), or trans-2,3-bis(((trimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-norborn-5-ene (6) were also prepared and found to have low polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.03−1.25). The cyclic acetal in polymers containing 1 or 2 could be removed using CF3CO2H/H2O (9/1 v/v, 15 min, 22 °C) to afford the corresponding water-soluble polymers containing the parent sugar.
Characterization of Heusler alloy thin film, Cu2MnAl and Co2MnSi, deposited by co‐sputtering method (2004)

Abstract Thin films of Heusler alloy, Cu 2 MnAl and Co 2 MnSi were fabricated successfully, by the co‐sputtering method. Magnetic and structural properties are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The films fabricated at room temperature show paramagnetic behaviour and amorphous or very fine crystalline feature in XRD and TEM analysis. On increasing substrate temperature, there appear polycrystalline features of L2 1 structure, accompanied by ferromagnetic properties. Also, the electrical resistivity implies that the electronic structures are heavily disturbed in the films fabricated at room temperature. These results suggest that structural ordering strongly affects the magnetic and electrical properties of Cu 2 MnAl and Co 2 MnSi. The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of Co 2 MnSi, Cu 2 MnAl are 950 K (with extrapolation), 1100 emu/cc and 600 K, 440 emu/cc, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reconfigurable trusted computing in hardware (2007)

Trusted Computing (TC) is an emerging technology towards building trustworthy computing platforms. The TrustedComputing Group (TCG) has proposed several specifications to implement TC functionalities by extensions to common computing platforms, particularly the underlying hardware with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM).However, actual TPMs are mostly available for workstations and servers nowadays and rather for specific domainapplications and not primarily for embedded systems. Further, the TPM specifications are becoming monolithic andmore complex while the applications demand a scalable and flexible usage of TPM functionalities.In this paper we propose a reconfigurable (hardware) architecture with TC functionalities where we focus on TPMsas proposed by the TCG specifically designed for embedded platforms. Our approach allows for (i) an efficient andscalable design and update of TPM functionalities, in particular for hardware-based crypto engines and accelerators, (ii) establishing a minimal trusted computing base in hardware, (iii) including the TPM as well as its functionalities into the chain of trust that enables to bind sensitive data to the underlying reconfigurable hardware, and (iv) designing a manufacturer independent TPM. We discuss possible implementations based on current FPGAs and point out the associated challenges, in particular with respect to protection of the internal TPM state since it must not be subject to manipulation, replay, and cloning
Synthesis and Characterization of Diperfluorooctyl-Substituted Phenylene−Thiophene Oligomers as n-Type Semiconductors. Molecular Structure−Film Microstructure−Mobility Relationships, Organic Field-Effect Transistors, and Transistor Nonvolatile Memory Elements (2004)

A new series of mixed phenylene−thiophene oligomers with terminal n-perfluorooctyl groups has been synthesized. These compounds are 2,5-bis(4-n-perfluorooctylphenyl)thiophene (DFO−PTP, 1), 5,5'-bis(4-n-perfluorooctylphenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (DFO−PTTP, 2), 5,5' '-bis(4-n-perfluorooctylphenyl)-2,2':5',2' '-terthiophene (DFO−PT3P, 3), 5,5' ''-bis(4-n-perfluorooctylphenyl)-2,2':5',2' ':5' ',2' ''-quaterthiophene (DFO−PT4P, 4), and 1,4-bis[5-(4-n-perfluorooctylphenyl)-2-thienyl]benzene (DH−PTPTP, 5). These systems have been characterized by 1H and 19F NMR, elemental analysis or HRMS, optical absorption and emission spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Vacuum-deposited films were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and field effect transistor measurements. As thin films, all of the fluorinated compounds are n-type semiconductors with carrier mobilities ranging from ∼10-6 to ∼ 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1, depending on the substrate deposition temperature. Furthermore, these films exhibit very large current Ion:Ioff ratios (up to ∼107) due to substantially suppressed off-currents. Particularly interesting is straightforwardly synthesized DFO−PTTP (2), which displays a combination of high mobility, high current Ion:Ioff ratio, and reversible, tunable, and stable memory effects.
Mechanisms of enhanced UV photosensitivity via hydrogen loading in germanosilicate glasses (1993)

Germanosilicate glasses soaked in high pressure hydrogen at low temperature exhibit markedly increased photoinduced refractive index changes when exposed to 248 nm UV radiation. The mechanisms involved include both photolytically and thermally driven reactions between hydrogen and germania, forming OH and deep UV absorbing species.
Delivery of Demineralized Bone Powder by Fibrin Sealant (1995)

The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of fibrin sealant as a delivery vehicle for demineralized bone powder would result in bone induction in heterotopic and orthotopic sites. Rat demineralized bone powder alone or in different concentrations of fibrin sealant matrix (4, 8, 15, and 45 mg/ml) was bioassayed for bone induction by implantation in intramuscular sites. Distribution of treatment groups was as follows: demineralized bone powder alone (n = 12), demineralized bone powder plus 4 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 11), demineralized bone powder plus 8 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 11), demineralized bone powder plus 15 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 11), demineralized bone powder plus 45 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 10), 4 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 13), and 45 mg/ml fibrin sealant (n = 11). In a second group of rats, 8-mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created and treated with demineralized bone powder plus 30 mg/ml fibrin sealant. Intramuscular implants were retrieved after 28 days, while calvarial implants were retrieved at 28 days (n = 8), 3 months (n = 8), or 4 months (n = 5). Implants were then x-rayed and submitted for histology. Results showed bone formation as evidenced by radiopacity and histology. Radiopacity measurements of demineralized bone powder implants alone or in a fibrin sealant matrix were associated with immature woven bone at the implantation site. Fibrin sealant allowed bone formation by demineralized bone powder to occur, improved the handling of demineralized bone powder, and facilitated the shaping of implants.
Current concepts in hypophosphatasia: case report and literature review (2012)

BACKGROUND. Hypophosphatasia (HP) is characterized by defective mineralization of bone and teeth because of deficient alkaline phosphatase activity. There are generally six recognized clinical forms, of which the most severe is often lethal prenatally or early in life. In milder forms, such as odontohypophosphatasia (OHP), premature exfoliation of primary teeth may be the only clinical manifestation. CASE REPORT. A 20-month-old girl was referred to the Specialist Paediatric Salaried Dental Service within the Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust with mobility of tooth numbers 71 and 81. Clinical examination revealed grade III mobile 71 and 81, with minimal gingival inflammation and plaque deposits. There were no other dental findings and no significant medical history. Tooth numbers 71 and 81 exfoliated prematurely with no evidence of root resorption, shortly after presentation. Haematological and urinary investigations showed no abnormalities. Histological examination showed a complete absence of cementum. A diagnosis of OHP was made. After 10 months of dental follow-up, no further teeth have increased mobility. CONCLUSION. Odontohypophosphatasia should be included as a differential diagnosis in children presenting with early loss of primary teeth. The dentist may be the first health care professional to whom the patient presents.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK by the aggregation of high affinity immunoglobulin E receptors requires cell adherence. (1993)

The aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) in adherent rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins. We examined whether focal adhesion-associated tyrosine kinase, pp125FAK, is one of these proteins. Anti-pp125FAK monoclonal antibody immunoblotted and precipitated a 115-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. In the absence of Fc epsilon RI aggregation, pp125FAK was tyrosine-phosphorylated only in adherent cells. Aggregating Fc epsilon RI in adherent cells markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK. This increase was detectable within 1 min of Fc epsilon RI aggregation and was maximal by 15 min. In contrast, in nonadherent cells Fc epsilon RI aggregation did not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK. The enhanced influx of calcium by calcium ionophore or the activation of protein kinase C by phorbol myristate acetate induced tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK only in adherent cells. Thus, Fc epsilon RI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK could be mediated by the activation of protein kinase C and/or the induction of calcium influx. The data indicate that cell adherence is essential for Fc epsilon RI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK.
Desert Hedgehog/Patched 1 signaling specifies fetal Leydig cell fate in testis organogenesis (2002)

Establishment of the steroid-producing Leydig cell lineage is an event downstream of Sry that is critical for masculinization of mammalian embryos. Neither the origin of fetal Leydig cell precursors nor the signaling pathway that specifies the Leydig cell lineage is known. Based on the sex-specific expression patterns of Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) and its receptor Patched 1 (Ptch1) in XY gonads, we investigated the potential role of DHH/PTCH1 signaling in the origin and specification of fetal Leydig cells. Analysis of Dhh(-/-) XY gonads revealed that differentiation of fetal Leydig cells was severely defective. Defects in Leydig cell differentiation in Dhh(-/-) XY gonads did not result from failure of cell migration from the mesonephros, thought to be a possible source of Leydig cell precursors. Nor did DHH/PTCH1 signaling appear to be involved in the proliferation or survival of fetal Leydig precursors in the interstitium of the XY gonad. Instead, our results suggest that DHH/PTCH1 signaling triggers Leydig cell differentiation by up-regulating Steroidogenic Factor 1 and P450 Side Chain Cleavage enzyme expression in Ptch1-expressing precursor cells located outside testis cords.
Increased expression of actin-like protein in human and ethylnitrosourea-induced tumors of the nervous system. (1977)

Twenty-one human intracranial tumors comprising 15 astrocytomas and 6 meningiomas and 26 ethylnitrosourea-induced rat neural tumors comprising 7 astrocytomas and 9 schwannomas were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for reactivity with a human anti-actin antibody. In cryostat sections both human and rat astrocytomas showed an increased reaction with the anti-actin antibody compared to normal astrocytes, and the reaction with astrocytomas was greater than that with meningiomas. Malignant rat schwannomas also showed prominent anti-actin staining contrasting with the negative reaction in normal Schwann cells. These in vivo observations were paralleled by concurrent studies with impression films and in vitro monolayer cultures of tumor tissue. The results, reviewed in the light pfo previous studies of anti-actin antibody reactivity with other nonneural tumors, suggest that an enhanced actin expression in vivo may be a general feature of the neoplastic state and that this increased expression may be more pronounced in malignant than in benign tumors.
Process Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2013)

In the pharmaceutical industry, identification of a development drug candidate (preclinical lead profile, PLP, or early candidate notification, ECN), fi ling of investigational new drug application (IND), and new drug application (NDA) are important milestones before the launch of a new drug. This entry works to outline this process, and in doing so discusses the chemist’s viewpoint of drug development, the general process of research and development, and the role of outsourcing in the pharmaceutical industry.
ChemInform Abstract: 8‐Carboxamidocyclazocine Analogues: Redefining the Structure—Activity Relationships of 2,6‐Methano‐3‐benzazocines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Security risk analysis of enterprise networks using probabilistic attack graphs (2011)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by
Distributed Architectures for High Performance and Privacy-Aware Content Generation and Delivery (2006)

The current trend in the evolution of the Web is towards an every increasing demand for personalized Web contents. Tailoring Web resources to the characteristics of heterogeneous client devices and user preferences opens two main novel issues in the research area of content generation and delivery. First, the high computational cost characterizing most adaptation services requires efficient and scalable support systems. Second, adaptation services typically rely on user information that may include sensitive data. When system scalability is achieved through architectures that are distributed over a geographical area, privacy issues concerning the user profiles management become particularly critical. In this paper, we propose a distributed architecture for the ubiquitous Web access that guarantees high performance and privacy of sensitive user information by splitting the adaptation services over the nodes of a two-level topology. We evaluate the performance and the overheads of the proposed architecture in order to understand to which extent it is convenient to distribute adaptation services over multiple nodes that are geographically distributed
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene variability is associated with increased risk for AD (2005)

Abstract Converging evidence points to a pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neuronal protection and a lack of its activity in neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate this possible association, we screened the VEGF gene promoter for various well‐known single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in a series of 249 consecutively recruited Italian patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic analysis indicated different distributions of two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the AD population compared with healthy control subjects. In particular, the frequencies of −2578A/A and −1198C/T genotypes were significantly greater in AD patients than in control subjects (23.7 vs 14.7% and 2.8 vs 0%, respectively). The −2578A/A genotype was associated with an increased risk for disease, independently of apolipoprotein E genotype. The risk was significantly increased with respect to various VEGF genotype combinations. In contrast, no difference in serum VEGF levels was detected comparing 96 patients and 49 control subjects. These findings suggest that polymorphisms within the promoter region of the VEGF gene confer greater risk for AD, probably by reducing its neuroprotective effect, and confirm the biological role of VEGF in neurodegenerative processes. Ann Neurol 2005;57:373–380
Interleukin 2 is mitogenic for nu/nu and nu/+ murine spleen cells. (1981)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2), a product of activated T lymphocytes but not of T-cell-deficient spleen cells of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice, is shown to be strongly mitogenic for spleen cells from both nu/nu and nu/+ mice in the absence of serum. This response does not depend on the presence of additional mitogen or antigen as has been previously reported and is dose dependent with respect to IL-2. Plots of the logarithm of cell number versus logarithm of response indicate that IL-2-induced mitogenesis of nu/nu spleen cells is a one-cell event (slope = 1.28 +/- 0.21, mean +/- SD), whereas the response of nu/+ spleen cells to concanavalin A is a three-cell event (slope = 3.18 +/- 0.16). The nu/nu spleen cells proliferating in response to IL-2 are at least 80% T lymphocytes by the third day of culture, as demontrated by lysis with monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody and complement. These results suggest that one of the major roles of the thymus may be to induce IL-2 production in a subpopulation of lymphocytes that is then persistent.
Detection of metabolites discriminating subtypes of thyroid cancer: Molecular profiling of FFPE samples using the GC/MS approach (2015)

One of the critical issues in thyroid cancer diagnostic is differentiation between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, which in some cases is not possible based on histopathological features only. In this paper we performed molecular profiling of thyroid tissue aiming to identify metabolites characteristic for different types of thyroid cancer. FFPE tissue specimens were analysed from 5 different types of thyroid malignancies (follicular, papillary/classical variant, papillary/follicular variant, medullary and anaplastic cancers), benign follicular adenoma and normal thyroid. Extracted metabolites were identified and semi-quantified using the GC/MS approach. There were 28 metabolites identified, whose abundances were significantly different among different types of thyroid tumours, including lipids, carboxylic acids, and saccharides. We concluded, that multi-component metabolome signature could be used for classification of different subtypes of follicular thyroid lesions. Moreover, potential applicability of the GC/MS-based analysis of FFPE tissue samples in diagnostics of thyroid cancer has been proved.
Transient Limb Ischemia Induces Remote Preconditioning and Remote Postconditioning in Humans by a K ATP Channel–Dependent Mechanism (2007)

This study demonstrates for the first time in humans that RPostC can be induced by transient limb ischemia and is as effective as RIPC in preventing endothelial IR injury. RIPC and RPostC share mechanistic similarities, with protection being dependent on K(ATP) channel activation. These results suggest that remote conditioning stimuli could be protective in patients with acute ischemia about to undergo therapeutic reperfusion.
Defining Anxious Depression: Going beyond Comorbidity (2003)

Based upon our literature review, we believe that the term anxious depression should only be used for the second group; that is, those patients with an MDD and subthreshold anxiety symptoms. From our literature review to determine the most appropriate treatment for this group of patients, it appears likely that drugs inhibiting the reuptake of both noradrenaline and serotonin may have greater clinical utility than single-action drugs such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, it is also clear that much more research needs to be undertaken in this important patient group so that we can better understand its prevalence, clinical features, and treatment.