gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary observations on effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. (1990)

Short term hypolipidemic effects of oral L. sporogenes therapy (360 million spores/day in tablet form) were studied in 17 patients with type II hyperlipidemia in an open label fixed dose trial. Total serum cholesterol (330 +/- 55 mg/dl vs 226 +/- 46 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (267 +/- 58 mg/dl vs 173 +/- 54 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios (P less than 0.001) were reduced significantly over a period of three months. HDL-cholesterol was marginally increased (43.6 +/- 7 mg/dl vs 46.8 +/- 8.9 mg/dl, P less than 0.05); however there was no change in serum triglyceride levels.
Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. (1989)

chemical findings stable.The packed cell volume was 0 27.With hypertonic peritoneal dialysis his weight decreased by 1 6 kg, but blood pressure remained raised at 230/130 mm Hg, and the next day he suffered two generalised seizures.Packed cell volume was 0-35.Phenytoin was started.He was discharged on 17 December, normotensive with no neurological sequelae, and taking no antihypertensive medication.Phenytoin was subsequently withdrawn.He had a cadaveric renal transplant in 1987 and remained well with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
Dehydroepiandrosterone: the “missing link” between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis? (1992)

A well-established epidemiologic association exists between hyperinsulinemia and macrovascular disease. However, the mechanism or mechanisms by which hyperinsulinemia promotes atherogenesis is unknown. Recent evidence indicates that the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts multiple antiatherogenic effects and also suggests that hyperinsulinemia may reduce serum DHEA and DHEA-sulfate levels by decreasing production and enhancing metabolic clearance. We advance the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia promotes macrovascular disease in part by reducing serum DHEA and DHEA-sulfate levels and illustrate how this may be the case in two clinical conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance: aging and obesity.
Role of maximal androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer (1994)

Androgen ablation by bilateral orchiectomy or by the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists has become standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) remain at about 40% of the precastration levels due to the conversion of the adrenal androgens. Maximal androgen blockade (MAB) aims to block the stimulatory action of this adrenal-derived DHT by adding antiandrogens to surgical or medical castration. Some of the largest and best controlled randomized trials in Europe and the United States have shown statistically better progression-free survival, overall survival, and survival from death by prostate cancer with MAB than with monotherapy with a GnRH agonist or with bilateral orchiectomy. Trial 30853 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) compared MAB using a combination of goserelin subcutaneous depot (Zoladex; Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK) and flutamide with bilateral orchiectomy. Some other published trials did not find the differences revealed by EORTC 30853, however, and so an overview or meta-analysis of trials on the effects of MAB was organized jointly by the American Cancer Society, the Urological Group of the EORTC, and the International Prostate Health Council. Preliminary results on some of the 23 trials included in the meta-analysis showed an advantage of the GnRH agonist therapy in combination with an anti-androgen, particularly in time to progression. If time to progression is viewed as improved quality of life due to the absence of symptoms, a net result in favor of the combination therapy is noted. The MAB trials, using flutamide as the antiandrogen, also showed a small but distinct improvement in survival with the combination treatment. An emphasis on prognostic factors allows treatment decisions to be reached more easily.
Lithography‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Cellular Ceramic Structures (2012)

Abstract Lithography‐based additive manufacturing technology is a layered manufacturing approach where liquid photopolymerizable resins are solidified with ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light. Using a system based on digital mirror devices, photopolymers can be exposed selectively in order to build parts with defined geometries. By modifying the system with a rotating building platform, suspensions with a high solid loading of ceramic powders can be processed, despite the high viscosity of these resins. Depending on the field of application, various formulations were developed for fabricating customized ceramic parts made of alumina, tricalcium phosphate, or bioactive glasses, respectively. On the one hand the influence of the ceramic filler on the mechanical properties is characterized, on the other hand the good precision and the high surface quality of the process system is discussed. For alumina filled resins a solid loading of 50 vol% was used to obtain fully dense parts (&gt;99% of theoretical density) with high fracture strength (biaxial strength of 516 MPa).
Cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages: stimulation by beta-very low density lipoproteins from cholesterol-fed animals of several species (1980)

Animals fed cholesterol accumulate several types of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in their plasma and ultimately develop cholesteryl ester deposition in tissue macrophages. Previous studies in the cholesterol-fed dog have shown that one class of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL, density < 1.006 g/ml), possesses a unique ability to produce cellular cholesteryl ester accumulation when incubated with mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. This accumulation results from the receptor-mediated uptake of beta-VLDL with subsequent lysosomal hydrolysis of the lipoprotein and re-esterification of the liberated cholesterol. In the current studies, we demonstrate that beta-VLDL obtained from cholesterol-fed animals of several other species, including monkeys, rabbits, and rats, also causes cholesteryl ester accumulation in monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages, as monitored by an increase in the rate at which the cells incorporate exogenous [14C]oleate into cholesteryl [14C]oleate. Like canine beta-VLDL, the beta-VLDL from these three other species were effective at low concentrations and exhibited saturation kinetics, suggesting that they, too, entered macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) from normal animals and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from normal and cholesterol-fed monkeys, rats, and rabbits did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition to their effects on mouse macrophages, the beta-VLDL from cholesterol-fed dogs and rabbits stimulated cholesteryl ester synthesis in cultured human monocytes. The current findings suggest that beta-VLDL from cholesterol-fed animals has the general property of stimulating cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation in macrophages.
RELAÇÃO DAS VARIÁVEIS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS COM O NÚMERO DE ÓBITOS NA LEUCEMIA INFANTIL, PARAÍBA, BRASIL. (2015)

Dentre as diversas neoplasias da infância, as leucemias representam a principal causa de obitos no Brasil e no mundo. Este trabalho objetiva analisar os aspectos epidemiologicos da leucemia infantil e a relacao destes com o numero de obitos. De um total de 41 registros, foram analisados 39 prontuarios de pacientes atendidos em um Centro de Referencia Estadual da Paraiba no periodo de 2007 a 2011. A analise estatistica foi realizada pelo teste qui-quadrado e/ou pelo teste exato de Fisher e calculados o Oddsratio com seus respectivos intervalos de confianca de 95%. Destaca-se que 28,2% dos pacientes foram a obito ocorrendo uma estabilidade nesse percentual entre os anos analisados. Entre os pacientes com leucemia, 53,8% eram do sexo feminino e a forma linfoide aguda o subtipo mais frequente (87,1%). A faixa etaria mais acometida e o maior numero de obitos foram em pacientes de zero a quatro anos. Entre os avaliados, 43,6% apresentaram remissao e 28,2% apresentaram recidiva. A quimioterapia foi realizada em 66,6% e a radioterapia associada com a quimioterapia em 33,3%. Conclui-se que as variaveis epidemiologicas diferem de algumas pesquisas realizadas em outros municipios brasileiros e foi constatado que, pacientes que apresentaram remissao, mas nao tiveram recidivas e foram tratados com quimioterapia associada a radioterapia, apresentam maiores chances de sobreviver.
A DSP Implementation of a Robust Flexible Receiver/Demultiplexer for Broadcast Data Satellite Communications (1990)

The implementation of a broadcast data receiving system using software to perform the majority of functions below the final intermediate frequency is described. A sub-sampling technique is presented and demodulation algorithms and structure discussed. A robust demultiplexing method is described and its performance analysed. A multiprocessing DSP hardware structure is proposed and conclusions drawn regarding the systems.
Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides bearing a pendant pyrene group. (1985)

Two hexathymidine oligonucleotide derivatives bearing a pyrenylbutyl substituent at a designated internucleotide phosphorus were prepared by solid phase syntheses using 5'-O-(di-p-methoxytrityl)thymidyl-3'-4-(1-pyrenyl)butyl phosphorochloridite and 5'-O-(di-p-methoxytrityl)thymidyl-3'2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylet hyl phosphorochloridite as phosphitylating agents. Spectrophotometric studies showed that these oligomers bind to Poly A, but not to Poly C, Poly G, or Poly U, and that the complexes with Poly A are somewhat more stable than the duplex formed between hexathymidine pentaphosphate and Poly A.
A strategy-based theory of planning for goal-based scenario-learning environments (1996)

We all face problems every day in most aspects of our lives. Much of our time is spent planning how we will address these problems. Consequently, one of the central goals of education has been to enable students to solve the problems they will encounter. That is, we would like students to plan effectively in the course of solving their problems and achieving their goals. This dissertation addresses the question: What, if anything, can we teach students to make them effective planners and problem-solvers?
Traditional attempts to address this question both in the education and artificial intelligence communities have generally assumed a model of problem-solving in which a general problem-solving process is applied to a body of domain knowledge. This view has largely restricted research in planning and problem-solving either to the domain knowledge required to solve very specific types of problems, or to problem-independent strategies intended to optimize the general problem-solving process. Overlooked by the traditional view is the fact that we encounter the same kinds of problems time and again across many domains. Correspondingly, we frequently rely on the same strategies to address these problems. These problem-based I argue, are something we can teach students to make them better problem solvers.
The primary contribution of this work lies in the attempt to identify what some of these strategies are. I outline and discuss a set of approximately 80 planning strategies commonly used throughout the course of pursuing goals across a variety of domains. I also discuss Farmworld, a prototype goal-based scenario designed to illustrate what it means to teach these strategies, as well as CAST, an authoring tool created to build additional systems of this kind.
Quantitative biological Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive blood analysis (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Bullfrog Ghrelin Is Modified by n-Octanoic Acid at Its Third Threonine Residue (2001)

We have identified the amphibian ghrelin from the stomach of the bullfrog. We also examined growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity of this novel peptide in both the rat and bullfrog. The three forms of ghrelin identified, each comprised of 27 or 28 amino acids, possessed 29% sequence identity to the mammalian ghrelins. A unique threonine at amino acid position 3 (Thr(3)) in bullfrog ghrelin differs from the serine present in the mammalian ghrelins; this Thr(3) is acylated by either n-octanoic or n-decanoic acid. The frog ghrelin-28 has a complete structure of GLT (O-n-octanoyl)FLSPADMQKIAERQSQNKLRHGNM; the structure of frog ghrelin-27 was determined to be GLT(O-n-octanoyl)FLSPADMQKIAERQSQNKLRHGN; frog ghelin-27-C10 possessed a structure of GLT(O-n-decanoyl)FLSPADMQKIAERQSQNKLRHGN. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that ghrelin mRNA is predominantly expressed in the stomach. Low levels of gene expression were observed in the heart, lung, small intestine, gall bladder, pancreas, and testes, as revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Bullfrog ghrelin stimulated the secretion of both GH and prolactin in dispersed bullfrog pituitary cells with potency 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than that of rat ghrelin. Bullfrog ghrelin, however, was only minimally effective in elevating plasma GH levels following intravenous injection into rats. These results indicate that although the regulatory mechanism of ghrelin to induce GH secretion is evolutionary conserved, the structural changes in the different ghrelins result in species-specific receptor binding.
α1 → 3‐Galactosyltransferase: the use of recombinant enzyme for the synthesis of α‐galactosylated glycoconjugates (1990)

We have reported the isolation and characterization of a bovine cDNA clone containing the complete coding sequence for UDP-Gal:Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase [Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, J. H., Van den Eijnden, D. H., Van Tunen, A. J. & Shaper, N. L. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14290-14297]. Insertion of this cDNA clone into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) and subsequent infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with recombinant virus, resulted in high-level expression of enzymatically active alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase. The expressed enzyme accounted for about 2% of the cellular protein; the corresponding specific enzyme activity was 1000-fold higher than observed in calf thymus, the tissue with the highest specific enzyme activity reported to date. The recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase could be readily detergent-solubilized and subsequently purified by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose. The recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase showed the expected preference for the acceptor substrate N-acetyllactosamine (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc), and demonstrated enzyme kinetics identical to those previously reported for affinity-purified calf thymus alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase [Blanken, W. M. & Van den Eijnden, D. H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 12927-12934]. In pilot studies, the recombinant enzyme was examined for the ability to synthesize alpha 1----3-galactosylated oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins. By a combination of 1H-NMR, methylation analysis, HPLC, and exoglycosidase digestion it was established that, for each of the model compounds, the product of galactose transfer had the anticipated terminal structure, Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4-R. Our results demonstrate that catalysis by recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase can be used to obtain preparative quantities of various alpha 1----3-galactosylated glycoconjugates. Therefore, enzymatic synthesis using the recombinant enzyme is an effective alternative to the chemical synthesis of these biologically relevant compounds.
Crystals as Molecules: Postsynthesis Covalent Functionalization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (2008)

A new crystalline zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-90, was prepared from zinc(II) nitrate and imidazolate-2-carboxyaldehyde (ICA) and found to have the sodalite-type topology. Its 3D porous framework has an aperture of 3.5 A and a pore size of 11.2 A. The pores are decorated by the aldehyde functionality of ICA which has allowed its transformation to the alcohol functionality by reduction with NaBH4 and its conversion to imine functionality by reaction with ethanolamine to give ZIF-91 and ZIF-92, respectively. The N2 adsorption isotherm of ZIF-90 shows a highly porous material with calculated Langmuir and BET surface areas of 1320 and 1270 m2 g(-1). Both functionalized ZIFs retained high crystallinity and in addition ZIF-91 maintained permanent porosity (surface areas: 1070 and 1010 m2 g(-1)).
The biology of the combretastatins as tumour vascular targeting agents (2002)

The tumour vasculature is an attractive target for therapy. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and A-1 (CA-1) are tubulin binding agents, structurally related to colchicine, which induce vascular-mediated tumour necrosis in animal models. CA-1 and CA-4 were isolated from the African bush willow, Combretum caffrum, and several synthetic analogues are also now available, such as the Aventis Pharma compound, AVE8062. More soluble, phosphated, forms of CA-4 (CA-4-P) and CA-1 (CA-1-P) are commonly used for in vitro and in vivo studies. These are cleaved to the natural forms by endogenous phosphatases and are taken up into cells. The lead compound, CA-4-P, is currently in clinical trial as a tumour vascular targeting agent. In animal models, CA-4-P causes a prolonged and extensive shut-down of blood flow in established tumour blood vessels, with much less effect in normal tissues. This paper reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of the combretastatins and their therapeutic potential.
Fine Particle Sensor Based on Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Data Fusion (2017)

Meteorological parameters such as relative humidity have a significant impact on the precision of PM2.5 measurement instruments based on light scattering. Instead of adding meteorological sensors or dehumidification devices used widely in commercial PM2.5 measurement instruments, a novel particle sensor based on multi-angle light scattering and data fusion is proposed to eliminate the effect of meteorological factors. Three photodiodes are employed to collect the scattered light flux at three distinct angles. Weather index is defined as the ratio of scattered light fluxes collected at the 40° and 55° angles, which can be used to distinguish the mass median diameter variation caused by different meteorological parameters. Simulations based on Lorenz-Mie theory and field experiments establish the feasibility of this scheme. Experimental results indicate that mass median diameter has less effect on the photodiode at the 55° angle in comparison with photodiodes at the 40° angle and 140° angle. After correction using the weather index, the photodiode at the 40° angle yielded the best results followed by photodiodes at the 55° angle and the 140° angle.
Inhibition of thrombin: relevance to anti-thrombosis strategy (2006)

Thromboembolism is a common cause of death and disability. Heparin or warfarin, the current standard management for thromboembolism may cause serious bleeding complications. Thrombin is the key enzyme of coagulation. Hirudin, the most potent natural thrombin-specific inhibitor, was first isolated from leech salivary fluid. Synthetic thrombin-specific inhibitors are rationally designed based on the knowledge on the structures of the activate site of thrombin. Thrombin-specific inhibitors are the current best choice for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Recombinant hirudins (such as desirudin) were also approved for the prevention of thrombosis after hip or knee surgery. Bivalirudin (hirulog-1 or Angiomax), in adjunct to aspirin, was approved for prevention of thrombosis in patients with unstable angina following angioplasty. Argatroban has been used for the treatment of HIT, peripheral and cerebral thrombotic diseases. The benefit of using thrombin-specific inhibitors alone in acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina remains uncertain. Some of thrombin-specific inhibitors which are small molecules are orally active. The major concern for the use of thrombin-specific inhibitors is bleeding complication. The efficacy, safety, stability and oral bioavailability may be considerably improved through structural optimization. A growing line of evidence suggests that statins, the most commonly prescribed cholesterol lowering drug, may inhibit thrombin generation. Statins do not cause bleeding and have an outstanding safety profile. The findings suggest that further development of thrombin-specific inhibitors and exploration of the potential applications of non-specific thrombin inhibitors, including statins, may improve the prevention and management of thromboembotic events.
Deep-sequencing approach for minimal residual disease detection in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2012)

The persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) during therapy is the strongest adverse prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We developed a high-throughput sequencing method that universally amplifies antigen-receptor gene segments and identifies all clonal gene rearrangements (ie, leukemia-specific sequences) at diagnosis, allowing monitoring of disease progression and clonal evolution during therapy. In the present study, the assay specifically detected 1 leukemic cell among greater than 1 million leukocytes in spike-in experiments. We compared this method with the gold-standard MRD assays multiparameter flow cytometry and allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) using diagnostic and follow-up samples from 106 patients with ALL. Sequencing detected MRD in all 28 samples shown to be positive by flow cytometry and in 35 of the 36 shown to be positive by ASO-PCR and revealed MRD in 10 and 3 additional samples that were negative by flow cytometry and ASO-PCR, respectively. We conclude that this new method allows monitoring of treatment response in ALL and other lymphoid malignancies with great sensitivity and precision. The www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier number for the Total XV study is NCT00137111.
A perceptually adaptive JPEG coder (1997)

auteur qui protge cette thse.Ni la thse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent tre imprims ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR MONITORING DEFORMITY CORRECTION USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL INFRA-RED CAMERA TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional camera technology when monitoring deformity correction by an Ilizarov frame and to compare it to manual measurements. Methods and Results A model consisting of an Ilizarov frame built around an artificial tibia and fibula was used with retro-reflective markers placed on the frame and bones to allow for the positions of each to be detected by the camera system. Measurements made by the camera system were compared to measurements taken manually. In the assessment of frame lengthening, the camera system average error was 2% (SD 2%) compared to 7% (SD 6%) for manual measurement. In the assessment of bone lengthening, the camera system average error was 4% (SD 4%) compared to 34% (SD 8%) for manual measurement. The technology also demonstrated good accuracy in the measurement of angular deformity changes. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the measurement of deformity correction with three-dimensional infra-red camera technology is superior to manual measurements in a model of deformity correction. This method could replace or greatly reduce x-ray exposure in monitoring deformity correction post-operatively.