gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1, is stably and specifically associated with promoter-regulatory domains of alpha genes and of selected other viral genes. (1986)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 genes form at least five groups (alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2) whose expression is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. Previous studies have shown that functional alpha 4 gene product is essential for the transition from alpha to beta protein synthesis and have suggested that alpha 4 gene expression is autoregulatory. However, the mechanism by which alpha 4 regulates gene expression remained unknown. We report that labeled DNA fragments containing promoter-regulatory domains of three alpha (alpha 0, alpha 4, and alpha 27) and a gamma 2 gene form stable complexes with proteins from infected-cell lysates as detected by a gel electrophoresis binding assay. The protein(s) exhibits sequence specificity since autologous DNA fragments but not heterologous DNA fragments, synthetic polydeoxynucleotide chains, or salmon sperm DNA competitively displace the DNA probe from the complexes. Murine monoclonal antibody to alpha 4 protein added before or after DNA-protein complex formation further retarded the electrophoretic mobility of the complexes whereas monoclonal antibody to alpha 0, alpha 27, or to a viral glycoprotein had no effect. Complexes consisting of the promoter-regulatory domain of the beta-class thymidine kinase gene and infected cell proteins were low in abundance and could be detected only in the presence of antibody to alpha 4 protein. The alpha 4 protein, therefore, forms stable complexes with promoter-regulatory domains of alpha genes and of selected other herpes simplex virus type 1 genes either alone or in combination with other proteins.
Survival and retrovirus infection of murine hematopoietic stem cells in vitro: effects of 5-FU and method of infection. (1991)

Gene replacement therapy for diseases of the hematopoietic system requires efficient gene transfer to pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. We have systematically compared a number of protocols for retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into murine repopulating hematopoietic stem cells. Recipients of infected bone marrow cells were analyzed for the presence of the transduced provirus 4 months after transplantation. Our results show that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pretreatment of donor animals was required for efficient gene transfer and that 5-FU-treated bone marrow retained more repopulating activity in culture than untreated bone marrow. A comparison of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer by co-cultivation of bone marrow cells with retrovirus producer cells as opposed to gene transfer by culturing bone marrow cells in retrovirus-containing supernatant revealed that gene transfer by cocultivation was more efficient than supernatant infection. However, the repopulating ability of bone marrow cells cocultured with retrovirus producer cells was reduced compared to bone marrow cells cultured in virus-containing medium.
Predictors of antidepressant response in clinical trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation (2005)

Although previous clinical trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has a significant antidepressant effect, the results of these trials are heterogeneous. We hypothesized that individual patients' characteristics might contribute to such heterogeneity. Our aim was to identify predictors of antidepressant response to rTMS. We pooled data from six separate clinical trials conducted independently, which evaluated the effects of rapid rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with major depression. We investigated 195 patients with regard to demographic, depression and treatment characteristics, psychiatric and drug history. Results showed that age and treatment refractoriness were significant negative predictors of depression improvement when adjusting these variables to other significant predictors and confounders. These findings were not confounded by methodological differences from the six studies, as the results were adjusted for the study site. In conclusion TMS antidepressant therapy in younger and less treatment-resistant patients is associated with better outcome.
Language-Independent Text Lines Extraction Using Seam Carving (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel language-independent algorithm for extracting text-lines from handwritten document images. Our algorithm is based on the seam carving approach for content aware image resizing. We adopted the signed distance transform to generate the energy map, where extreme points indicate the layout of text-lines. Dynamic programming is then used to compute the minimum energy left-to-right paths (seams), which pass along the ``middle`` of the text-lines. Each path intersects a set of components, which determine the extracted text-line and estimate its hight. The estimated hight determines the text-line's region, which guides splitting touching components among consecutive lines. Unassigned components that fall within the region of a text-line are added to the components list of the line. The components between two consecutive lines are processed when the two lines are extracted and assigned to the closest text-line, based on the attributes of extracted lines, the sizes and positions of components. Our experimental results on Arabic, Chinese, and English historical documents show that our approach manage to separate multi-skew text blocks into lines at high success rates.
Detection and Measurement of Microbial Lipase Activity: A Review (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEY WORDS: plate assayesteraseslipase substrateslipolytic activitythermophilicmicroorganismsbacteria
Assembly of the B Subunit Pentamer of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin (1996)

The B subunits of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) and cholera toxin (CtxB) assemble in vivo into exceptionally stable homopentameric complexes, which maintain their quaternary structure in a range of conditions that would normally be expected to cause protein denaturation. Recently, we showed that the simultaneous protonation of two of the COOH-terminal carboxylates in pentameric EtxB was required to cause its disassembly at pH values below 2.0 (Ruddock, L., Ruston, S. P., Kelly, S. M., Price, N. C., Freedman, R. B., and Hirst, T. R.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29953-29958). Here, we investigate the influence of environmental parameters on the kinetics of reassembly of acid-generated EtxB monomers in vitro. Such monomers were found to undergo a further acid-mediated conformational change, with an activation energy of 76 +/- 2 J.mol-1.K-1, consistent with isomerization of the cis-proline residue at position 93, and which prevented subsequent EtxB reassembly. By using rapid neutralization of acid-generated monomers, a high proportion of the B-subunits adopted an assembly-competent conformation, which resulted in up to 75% of the protein reassembling into a stable pentameric complex, indistinguishable from native EtxB pentamers. The rate-limiting step in reassembly, over a concentration range of 50-200 microg/ml, was shown to be due to an intramolecular event, which exhibited a pH dependence with a pKa of 7.0. Modification of EtxB with amine-specific probes revealed that the protonation state of the NH2-terminal alanine residue was responsible for the pH dependence of reassembly. The implications of these findings for the biogenesis of Escherichia coli enterotoxin and related enterotoxins in vivo, are considered.
Biological Consequences of Gene Regulation After Ionizing Radiation Exposure (1991)

Ionizing radiation is a ubiquitous environmental mutagen and carcinogen widely used in cancer therapy. However, little is known about the induction of cellular signaling events and specific gene expression after radiation exposure. We review the accumulating evidence that ionizing radiation induces signal transduction pathways involving activation of protein kinase C and a program of genetic events that may contribute to the biological effects of x rays.
DNA Replication Is Intrinsically Hindered in Terminally Differentiated Myotubes (2010)

We conclude that the inability of myotubes to complete DNA replication must be ascribed to peculiar features inherent in their TD state, rather than to the reactivation method. On reviewing the literature concerning reactivation of other TD cell types, we propose that similar mechanisms underlie the general inability of all kinds of TD cells to proliferate in response to otherwise mitogenic stimuli. These results define an unexpected basis for the well known incompetence of mammalian postmitotic cells to proliferate. Furthermore, this trait might contribute to explain the inability of these cells to play a role in tissue repair, unlike their counterparts in extensively regenerating species.
Unsupervised learning strategies for the detection and classification of transient phenomena on electric power distribution systems (2002)

A number of utilities are currently installing high-speed data acquisition equipment in their distribution substations. This equipment will make it possible to record the transient waveforms due to events such as low and high-impedance faults, capacitor switching, and load switching. The authors describe the potential of applying unsupervised learning strategies to the classification of the various events observed by a substation recorder. Several strategies are tested using simulation studies and the effectiveness of unsupervised learning is compared to current classification strategies as well as supervised learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measurement of Phosphorylated Tau Epitopes in the Differential Diagnosisof Alzheimer Disease (2004)

The p-tau proteins in CSF come closest to fulfilling the criteria of a biological marker of AD. There is a tendency for p-tau proteins to perform differently in the discrimination of primary dementia disorders from AD.
Dynamic properties of the Ras switch I region and its importance for binding to effectors (2001)

We have investigated the dynamic properties of the switch I region of the GTP-binding protein Ras by using mutants of Thr-35, an invariant residue necessary for the switch function. Here we show that these mutants, previously used as partial loss-of-function mutations in cell-based assays, have a reduced affinity to Ras effector proteins without Thr-35 being involved in any interaction. The structure of Ras(T35S)(.)GppNHp was determined by x-ray crystallography. Whereas the overall structure is very similar to wildtype, residues from switch I are completely invisible, indicating that the effector loop region is highly mobile. (31)P-NMR data had indicated an equilibrium between two rapidly interconverting conformations, one of which (state 2) corresponds to the structure found in the complex with the effectors. (31)P-NMR spectra of Ras mutants (T35S) and (T35A) in the GppNHp form show that the equilibrium is shifted such that they occur predominantly in the nonbinding conformation (state 1). On addition of Ras effectors, Ras(T35S) but not Ras(T35A) shift to positions corresponding to the binding conformation. The structural data were correlated with kinetic experiments that show two-step binding reaction of wild-type and (T35S)Ras with effectors requires the existence of a rate-limiting isomerization step, which is not observed with T35A. The results indicate that minor changes in the switch region, such as removing the side chain methyl group of Thr-35, drastically affect dynamic behavior and, in turn, interaction with effectors. The dynamics of the switch I region appear to be responsible for the conservation of this threonine residue in GTP-binding proteins.
LogTM-SE: Decoupling Hardware Transactional Memory from Caches (2007)

This paper proposes a hardware transactional memory (HTM) system called LogTM Signature Edition (LogTM-SE). LogTM-SE uses signatures to summarize a transactions read-and write-sets and detects conflicts on coherence requests (eager conflict detection). Transactions update memory "in place" after saving the old value in a per-thread memory log (eager version management). Finally, a transaction commits locally by clearing its signature, resetting the log pointer, etc., while aborts must undo the log. LogTM-SE achieves two key benefits. First, signatures and logs can be implemented without changes to highly-optimized cache arrays because LogTM-SE never moves cached data, changes a blocks cache state, or flash clears bits in the cache. Second, transactions are more easily virtualized because signatures and logs are software accessible, allowing the operating system and runtime to save and restore this state. In particular, LogTM-SE allows cache victimization, unbounded nesting (both open and closed), thread context switching and migration, and paging
Gram-CTC: Automatic Unit Selection and Target Decomposition for Sequence Labelling (2017)

Most existing sequence labelling models rely on a fixed decomposition of a target sequence into a sequence of basic units. These methods suffer from two major drawbacks: 1) the set of basic units is fixed, such as the set of words, characters or phonemes in speech recognition, and 2) the decomposition of target sequences is fixed. These drawbacks usually result in sub-optimal performance of modeling sequences. In this pa- per, we extend the popular CTC loss criterion to alleviate these limitations, and propose a new loss function called Gram-CTC. While preserving the advantages of CTC, Gram-CTC automatically learns the best set of basic units (grams), as well as the most suitable decomposition of tar- get sequences. Unlike CTC, Gram-CTC allows the model to output variable number of characters at each time step, which enables the model to capture longer term dependency and improves the computational efficiency. We demonstrate that the proposed Gram-CTC improves CTC in terms of both performance and efficiency on the large vocabulary speech recognition task at multiple scales of data, and that with Gram-CTC we can outperform the state-of-the-art on a standard speech benchmark.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: a review and update. (1977)

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a herpesvirus infection of cattle, has diverse clinical manifestations. Known mainly as a respiratory tract disease characterized by tracheitis, rhinitis, and fever, IBR plays a prominent role among causes of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and abortion. It also causes conjunctivitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, and rarely, encephalitis. The virus is readily transmitted and has worldwide distribution. Some cattle develop a latent infection, which can be reactivated. The disease can be diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions and by a variety of virologic and immunologic techniques. Control of IBR is based largely on vaccination. A review is timely because efficient utilization of the wide assortment of available vaccines requires knowledge of recent developments in the diagnosis, immunology, and epidemiology of the disease.
Dexamethasone induces irreversible G1 arrest and death of a human lymphoid cell line (1979)

Growth of a human leukemic T-cell line (CEM C7) in 10(-6) M dexamethasone results in inhibition of growth and rapid loss of cell viability after a delay of approximately 18 to 24 hours. Analysis of dexamethasone-treated cells by flow-microfluorometry showed that they were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Loss of cell viability began at the same time as G1 accumulation was first detectable, and 20% of all cells were found to be blocked in G1 at this time suggesting that loss of viability and G1 arrest were coincident events. Half-maximal and maximal effects on both viability and G1 arrest after 48 hours in steroid were nearly identical with respect to steroid concentration and corresponded to half-maximal and full occupancy of glucocorticoid specific receptor by hormone, consistent with a glucocorticoid receptor mediated mechanism for both phenomena. Most non-viable cells were arrested in G1, and accumulation of cells in G1 was irreversible; removal of steroid in the presence of colcemid did not result in a decreased fraction of G1 cells. Furthermore, dexamethasone treatment did not protect cells against the effects of 33258 Hoechst-amplified killing of bromodeoxyuridine substituted cells exposed to light. These results show that dexamethasone arrests these leukemic cells in G1 and strongly suggest that dexamethasone-treated cells are killed upon entry into G1.
Formation of primary yields of hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron in the .gamma.-radiolysis of water (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of primary yields of hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron in the .gamma.-radiolysis of waterZ. D. Draganic and I. G. DraganicCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 6, 765–772Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/j100625a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
[Effect of elastin peptides on the production of matrix metalloproteinase 2 by human skin fibroblasts in culture]. (2001)

Soluble elastin-derived peptides from alkaline or elastase hydrolysis of insoluble elastin, as well as tropoelastin, increase matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) production by human skin fibroblasts in culture as determined by gelatin zymography and ELISA. Such an effect is time and concentration dependent; it can be reproduced by synthetic elastin: VGVAPG, PGAIPG, and laminin: LGTIPG, hexapeptides and inhibited by lactose and is therefore elastin receptor-mediated. The steady state levels of MMP-2 mRNAs are invariant following elastin-fibroblasts interaction. Inhibition of phospholipase C (D-609), ADP-ribosylation factor (brefeldin), protein kinase C (RO-318220) and phospholipase D (1-propanol) totally abolished the elastin-mediated increase of MMP-2 production. It suggested that the post-transcriptional mechanism controlling the elastin-mediated overproduction of MMP-2 involved a cascade leading to phospholipase D activation.
Induction of beta-polymerase mRNA by DNA-damaging agents in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1989)

Only a few of the genes involved in DNA repair in mammalian cells have been isolated, and induction of a DNA repair gene in response to DNA damage has not yet been established. DNA polymerase beta (beta-polymerase) appears to have a synthetic role in DNA repair after certain types of DNA damage. Here we show that the level of beta-polymerase mRNA is increased in CHO cells after treatment with several DNA-damaging agents.
Meiosis and Pollen Mitosis in <i>Aloe barbadensis</i> Mill. (<i>A. perfoliata</i> var. <i>vera</i> L., <i>A. vera Auth</i>. non Mill.) (1975)

Studies on normal meiosis and meiotic abnormalities in Aloe barbadensis have been carried out in detail explaining a high percentage of sterility in the pollen grains. A detailed karyomorphology from pollen mitosis is also presented. The failure of fruit-set is presumed to be because of high pollen sterility (58.3%) and self-incompatibility.
Development of Three-Dimensional Microstages Using Inclined Deep-Reactive Ion Etching (2007)

Three-dimensional (3-D) microstages driven by electrostatic comb actuators that provide continuous motion along three axes (x,y , and z ) were designed and fabricated. Each 3-D microstage consisted of sets of traveling tables, suspension systems, and comb actuators. To convert lateral displacement of the comb actuators to vertical motion, one suspension system incorporated leaf springs inclined to a substrate. To efficiently construct the inclined leaf springs, we devised a fabrication technique that uses deep reactive ion etching. Three-dimensional microstages were then fabricated in a 20-mum-thick device layer on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The maximum vertical (z) displacement of this 3-D microstage was 2.6 mum, and the maximum lateral displacement (x and y) was more than 6 mum in each direction, achieved by using support suspensions to suppress the interference between the comb actuators. A 3-D microstage was then installed in a commercial atomic force microscope, and a 3-D image of a grating was successfully measured without hysteresis using this 3-D microstage as the scanning device.
The Inman Steamship Company Limited: Innovation and Competition on the North Atlantic, 1850-1886 (2002)

De J 850 1886, la compagnie de navires vapeur de Liverpool, New York et Philadelphie (Inman Line) fut l'une des entreprises maritimes les plus importantes de l'Atlantique Nord. Elle demeure ce jour l'une des plus clbres des grandes lignes de navires vapeur du XIX sicle. Les principales voies desservies liaient Liverpool Philadelphie et New York. La contribution la plus rvolutionnaire de l Inman Line aux changes de l'Atlantique Nordfut le transport rgulier de passagers immigrants bord de navires de premire classe. Auparavant, les immigrants dsireux de traverser l Atlantique taientforcs de rserver leur place sur des voiliers. L Inman mit en vogue le concept du transport d'immigrants sur navires vapeur et transforma l'industrie.
Dendrimers in drug delivery and targeting: Drug-dendrimer interactions and toxicity issues (2014)

Dendrimers are the emerging polymeric architectures that are known for their defined structures, versatility in drug delivery and high functionality whose properties resemble with biomolecules. These nanostructured macromolecules have shown their potential abilities in entrapping and/or conjugating the high molecular weight hydrophilic/hydrophobic entities by host-guest interactions and covalent bonding (prodrug approach) respectively. Moreover, high ratio of surface groups to molecular volume has made them a promising synthetic vector for gene delivery. Owing to these properties dendrimers have fascinated the researchers in the development of new drug carriers and they have been implicated in many therapeutic and biomedical applications. Despite of their extensive applications, their use in biological systems is limited due to toxicity issues associated with them. Considering this, the present review has focused on the different strategies of their synthesis, drug delivery and targeting, gene delivery and other biomedical applications, interactions involved in formation of drug-dendrimer complex along with characterization techniques employed for their evaluation, toxicity problems and associated approaches to alleviate their inherent toxicity.