gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrin alpha 4 beta 1-mediated melanoma cell adhesion and migration on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the alternatively spliced IIICS region of fibronectin. (1994)

The integrin receptor alpha 4 beta 1 (also known as VLA-4) binds two different ligands, the endothelial cell surface protein vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the extracellular matrix component fibronectin. Three distinct sites in fibronectin are recognized by alpha 4 beta 1. Two of these (represented by peptides CS1 and CS5) are present in the alternatively spliced IIICS region and lie in separate, independently spliced segments of this region. A third site resides in the adjacent constitutively expressed HepII domain. Recombinant proteins containing the HepII domain and different splice variants of the IIICS have been generated and compared for their ability to mediate cell attachment, spreading and migration. The activity of these proteins has also been compared with that of a recombinant soluble form of VCAM-1 (rsVCAM-1). All the recombinant proteins supported A375-SM human melanoma cell attachment and spreading in an alpha 4 beta 1-dependent manner, but had varied adhesive activities with rsVCAM-1 > fibronectin variants containing the CS1 sequence >> other fibronectin variants. Low concentrations of rsVCAM-1 and CS1-containing fibronectin variants effectively supported cell migration in a trans-filter assay; however, cell motility was retarded at high concentrations of the same proteins. Fibronectin variants lacking CS1 supported little or no migration. To obtain further insight into the molecular basis of this varied adhesive activity, apparent dissociation constants for each of the recombinant proteins were measured using a solid phase receptor-ligand binding assay. The results revealed a hierarchy of ligand affinities that mirrored their adhesive activity (rsVCAM-1 > fibronectin variants containing CS1 >> other fibronectin variants).
Phospholipid metabolism by phagocytic cells. Phospholipases A2 associated with rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules (1974)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from sterile peritoneal exudates in rabbits contain two phospholipid-splitting activities (phosphatidylacylhydrolases EC 3.1.1.4), one most active at pH 5.5 and the other between pH 7.2 and 9.0. Hydrolysis of phospholipid was demonstrated using Escherichia coli labeled during growth with [1-(14)C]oleate and then autoclaved to inactivate E. coli phospholipases and to increase the accessibility of the microbial phospholipid substrates. The acid and alkaline phospholipase activities are both membrane bound, calcium dependent, and heat stable, and they appear to be specific for the 2-acyl position of phospholipids. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that the E. coli envelope phospholipids with oleate in position 2 are more readily degraded than those with palmitate. The two activities are associated with azurophilic as well as specific granules (obtained by zonal centrifugation) and with phagosomes (isolated after ingestion of paraffin particles by the granulocytes). Phospholipase A activities at pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 degrade the two major phospholipids of E. coli, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, to the same extent, but the phospholipase activity at acid pH does not hydrolyze micellar dispersions of phosphatidylethanolamine. By contrast, phospholipase A(2) activity at pH 7.5 degrades both types of phosphatidylethanolamine substrates. Heparin and chondroitin sulfate inhibit phospholipase activity at pH 5.5 but have little effect on activity at pH 7.5. All detergents tested inhibited phospholipase activity, and both activities are inhibited by reaction products, free fatty acid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. This product inhibition is only partially prevented by addition of albumin. Supernatant fractions of granulocyte homogenates contain a heat-labile inhibitor of granule phospholipase activity at pH 7.5. Boiling the fraction not only removes the inhibition but actually results in stimulation of hydrolysis at pH 7.5 as well as pH 5.5. These granule-associated phospholipase A activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes differ in several of their properties from granule or lysosomal phospholipases of other phagocytic cells.
Comparison of non-crystalline silica nanoparticles in IL-1β release from macrophages (2012)

In conclusion, non-crystalline silica particles in the nano- and submicro-size ranges seemed to induce IL-1β release from LPS-primed RAW264.7 macrophages via similar mechanisms as crystalline silica, involving particle uptake, phagosomal leakage and activation of the NALP3 inflammasome. Notably, rat primary lung macrophages were more sensitive with respect to silica-induced IL-1β release. The differential response patterns obtained suggest that silica-induced IL-1β responses not only depend on the particle surface area, but on factors and/or mechanisms such as particle reactivity or particle uptake. These findings may suggest that bacterial infection via LPS may augment acute inflammatory effects of non-crystalline as well as crystalline silica particles.
Revision Processing in a Stream Processing Engine: A High-Level Design (2006)

Data stream processing systems have become ubiquitous in academic [1, 2, 5, 6] and commercial [11] sectors, with application areas that include financial services, network traffic analysis, battlefield monitoring and traffic control [3]. The append-only model of streams implies that input data is immutable and therefore always correct. But in practice, streaming data sources often contend with noise (e.g., embedded sensors) or data entry errors (e.g., financial data feeds) resulting in erroneous inputs and therefore, erroneous query results. Many data stream sources (e.g., commercial ticker feeds) issue "revision tuples" (revisions) that amend previously issued tuples (e.g. erroneous share prices). Ideally, any stream processing engine should process revision inputs by generating revision outputs that correct previous query results. We know of no stream processing system that presently has this capability.
Analysis of Broadcast Delivery in a Videotex System (1985)

Videotex is a system which provides users with low-cost real-time access to information. In such a system, user requests are forwarded to a service computer where the desired information is retrieved and sent back to the user. In this study, we investigate the response time behavior of a videotex system where information requested by one user is broadcast to all users. A novel queueing model for broadcast delivery is developed. Using this model, we first obtain an analytic expression for the mean response time, and then we develop an efficient algorithm for its computation. Numerical results illustrating the performance characteristics of broadcast delivery are presented.
Cu(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen Azide−Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction in Nucleoside, Nucleotide, and Oligonucleotide Chemistry (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCu(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen Azide−Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction in Nucleoside, Nucleotide, and Oligonucleotide ChemistryFranck Amblard, Jong Hyun Cho, and Raymond F. Schinazi*View Author Information Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 9, 4207–4220Publication Date (Web):July 2, 2009Publication History Received10 June 2009Published online2 July 2009Published inissue 9 September 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9001462https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9001462review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17618Altmetric-Citations717LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Biopolymers,Cyclization,Genetics,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts
Exactly solving the weighted time/fuel optimal control of an undamped harmonic oscillator (1988)

The exact solution to the problem of the weighted time/fuel optimal control of an undamped harmonic oscillator with one bounded control and any initial state is summarized. The motivation is the possibility of improvements in the final behavior of trajectories produced by Vander Velde's designs for on/off controls of large space structures, by replacing his approximate solution with the exact one. This includes: 1) the development and extensive study of the first-order necessary conditions; 2) investigations of the existence, normality, uniqueness, and determination of the extremals and the optimal solution; and 3) numerical comparisons between the approximate and exact solutions according to three criteria, including those improvements. It is found that the extremals (solution) exist(s), are (is) normal, can be nonunique but in a finite number (is unique), can be determined by an algorithm based on items 1 and 2, and seems to improve the final behavior of the controller.
Silicon carbon nitride films as new materials obtained by plasma chemical vapor deposition from novel precursor (2001)

Silicon carbonitride films were synthesized by RP CVD process using the novel single-source precursor that is derivative of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, (CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>HSiNHN(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>. The films were characterized by X- ray photoelectron (XPS), infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The microstructure of the films was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffraction of synchrotron radiation (DSR) methods. XPS and FT-IR spectroscopy studies showed that the Si-C and Si-N are the main bonds in the deposited films. Concerning the C-N bonds, the results are less obvious: they are either negligible or not present at all. The films were found to be predominately amorphous with a number of crystallites within the unstructured matrix. The crystals appearance, their dimensions and crystal form did not depend on substrate temperature. We hypothesized that crystallization could happen in the gas phase during deposition or nanocrystals were formed by the strain induced after a certain thickness of the amorphous film. The crystals were assigned to the structure closed to (alpha) -Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> phase. According to FTIR and XPS data it is clear that the chemical bonding and the atomic local order in the amorphous matrix are much more complicated than those of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>-SiC mixtures. We concluded that tetrahedral configurations of silicon carbide and silicon nitride units with mixed C/N environment are hypothetically formed. The films are highly resistant to thermal degradation. It was also demonstrated that this new material has a band gap that was variable from 2.0 eV to 4.7 eV.
Localization of a Neutralizing Epitope on the Envelope Protein of Dengue Virus Type 2 (1994)

Two neutralization-resistant variants of dengue virus type 2 were selected using the neutralizing monoclonal antibody G8D11. Virus N-GV4 was derived from the New Guinea C strain and virus P-GV3 from the PUO-218 strain. Both variants had an identical change at nucleotide 919 in the E gene, causing a substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at residue 307 in the E glycoprotein. The substitution abolished the ability of antibody G8D11 to bind to the E glycoprotein in radioimmunoprecipitation experiments. The epitope was sensitive to treatment with SDS and was dependent on the formation of a disulfide bridge. This dependency was determined by mutagenesis of Cys residues 11 and 12 in the E glycoprotein.
Mice without a Functional Relaxin Gene Are Unable to Deliver Milk to Their Pups1 (1999)

We have used gene targeting to generate relaxin (rlx)-deficient mice. The majority (15 of 17) of homozygous (rlx-/-) mice are fertile and produce normal litters. However their mammary development is deficient; pups are unable to suckle and die within 24 h of birth unless cross-fostered to a wild-type (rlx+/+) foster mother. The nipples of rlx-/- animals do not enlarge significantly during pregnancy, and their histology retains the appearance of the virgin state. Breast parenchyma is somewhat underdeveloped at term even though milk is produced. Mammary ducts become grossly dilated in these animals. Heterozygous (rlx+/-) mice lactate normally. The interpubic ligament does not relax during pregnancy in rlx-/- mice. Plasma osmolality during late gestation was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in rlx-/- mice than in wild-type controls.
Fibronectin's amino-terminal matrix assembly site is located within the 29-kDa amino-terminal domain containing five type I repeats. (1988)

Fibronectin is organized into disulfide cross-linked, insoluble pericellular matrix fibrils by fibroblasts in vitro. Two sites, the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-containing cell attachment domain and a site located in the first 70 kDa of fibronectin, are required for matrix assembly. The first 70 kDa of fibronectin contain two structural motifs termed type I and type II homologies, which are repeated nine and two times, respectively. Previous work has implicated the amino-terminal region and the carboxyl terminus containing three type I repeats in matrix assembly, suggesting that type I repeats possess binding activity essential for fibronectin matrix assembly. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sensitive capture immunoassay to quantify insoluble matrix fibronectin and tested a panel of fibronectin fragments, containing all of the type I repeats found in the intact protein, for their ability to inhibit matrix assembly. Only fragments containing the first five type I repeats inhibited fibronectin matrix assembly, although sequences carboxyl-terminal to this domain enhanced this activity. Additional evidence for the specific recognition of the amino-terminal type I repeats by matrix assembling cells was found when the reversible, detergent-sensitive binding of a 125I-labeled fragment containing the first five type I repeats (29 kDa) to cell monolayers was studied. Only monolayers of cell lines that incorporate fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix specifically bound 125I-labeled 29 kDa. Binding of the radiolabeled amino-terminal fragment to matrix-forming cells was inhibited by unlabeled fragments containing the first five type I repeats but not by unlabeled fragments containing the remaining seven type I repeats. Matrix assembly is therefore not a generalized property of type I repeats. Rather, a critical site is located within the first 29 kDa of fibronectin.
Complementation of Adeno-Associated Satellite Virus (AAV) by Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Adenovirus Type 31 (1977)

SUMMARY Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of human adenovirus type 31 were able to complement adeno-associated satellite virus (AAV) antigen production in both HEK and KB cells at both permissive and non-permissive temperatures. However, mutant ts 94, an adenovirus 31 mutant which produces apparently normal amounts of structural protein and DNA but is defective in maturation, was significantly inhibited in its ability to potentiate AAV infectivity at the non-permissive temperature. Normal AAV DNA and adenovirus DNA were isolated from co-infections with AAV and mutant ts 94 at the non-permissive temperature. We suggest that an adenovirus-coded maturation function common to both adenovirus and AAV maturation is defective in the ts 94 system.
Cellular distribution of protein kinase C isozymes in CD3‐mediated stimulation of human T lymphocytes with aging (1995)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in a variety of cellular responses, such as the expression and secretion of IL-2, the regulation of cytotoxic killing and cell proliferation. It is known that these immune functions are altered with aging. Here, we show that anti-CD3-triggered T cell proliferation is significantly decreased with aging and that H7, an inhibitor of PKC, impairs the anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation in a differential manner, lymphocytes of healthy young subjects being more sensitive to the PKC inhibitor than those of elderly subjects. We examined (Western blot) the presence and the cellular distribution of PKC isozymes in T lymphocytes of healthy young and elderly subjects in the resting state and after anti-CD3 mAb stimulation using antibodies directed against PKC alpha, beta, delta, epsilon and zeta isoforms in the cytosol and the plasma membrane fractions. These five PKC isotypes were present in human T cells of young and elderly subjects. However, their distribution between the cytosolic and membrane fractions varied according to the isozymes and the age of the subjects. In resting lymphocytes of young subjects, all the PKC isozymes were found in the cytosolic fraction, except PKC-zeta. In resting lymphocytes of elderly subjects PKC-zeta and -epsilon were almost equally distributed between the cytosolic and the membrane fractions, whereas PKC-alpha and -zeta were mainly found in the membrane fraction and PKC-beta was almost exclusively located in the cytosolic fraction. The translocation of PKC-alpha, -beta, -delta and -epsilon could be observed under anti-CD3 mAb stimulation in lymphocytes of young subjects, while in the case of elderly subjects only the PKC beta isoform was translocated. Our results suggest tha the decreased availability of cytosolic PKC may contribute to the diminished PKC-dependent responses to CD3-triggered stimulation of human T lymphocytes with aging.
Recent Research in Cooperative Control of Multivehicle Systems (2007)

This paper presents a survey of recent research in cooperative control of multivehicle systems, using a common mathematical framework to allow different methods to be described in a unified way. The survey has three primary parts: an overview of current applications of cooperative control, a summary of some of the key technical approaches that have been explored, and a description of some possible future directions for research. Specific technical areas that are discussed include formation control, cooperative tasking, spatiotemporal planning, and consensus.
Lung Transplantation for Bronchiolitis Obliterans After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2012)

This case series illustrates that LuTX is a possible therapeutic option for selected patients with severe treatment-refractory BO.
CRYSTALLINE DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE (1950)

A crystalline enzyme capable of digesting thymus nucleic acid (desoxyribonucleic acid) has been isolated from fresh beef pancreas. The enzyme called "desoxyribonuclease" is a protein of the albumin type. Its molecular weight is about 60,000 and its isoelectric point is near pH 5.0. It contains about 8 per cent tyrosine and 2 per cent tryptophane. It is readily denatured by heat. The denaturation is reversible if heated in dilute acid at pH about 3.0. The digestion of thymus nucleic acid by crystalline desoxyribonuclease is accompanied by a gradual increase in the specific absorption of ultraviolet light by the acid. The spectrophotometric measurement of the rate of increase in the light absorption can be conveniently used as a general method for estimating desoxyribonuclease activity. Details are given of the method for isolation of crystalline desoxyribonuclease and of the spectrophotometric procedure for the measurement of desoxyribonuclease activity.
Point-Counterpoint: To Screen or Not To Screen for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcusaureus (2010)

There are few more compelling questions in clinical microbiology today than the issue of whether or not to screen for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the results being used to institute infection control interventions aimed at preventing transmission of MRSA in health care environments. Numerous different matters must be addressed when considering a screening program. Who is to be screened, what method is to be employed to detect MRSA, and what sites should be sampled? When and how often should the screening be performed? Who is going to pay for the screening, and, finally and perhaps most importantly, how are screening results to be communicated to health care providers and what kind of interventions are best undertaken based on the results? Numerous governmental agencies have mandated MRSA screening programs, and yet several authorities in infection control organizations have questioned the appropriateness of mandated screening. In this Point-Counterpoint feature, Dr. Lance Peterson of Evanston Hospital (Evanston, IL) offers his perspective on why screening for MRSA is to be encouraged. Dr. Daniel Diekema of the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (Iowa City, IA) offers an opposing view.
Targeting Antigen to Mouse Dendritic Cells via Clec9A Induces Potent CD4 T Cell Responses Biased toward a Follicular Helper Phenotype (2011)

Three surface molecules of mouse CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs), also found on the equivalent human DC subpopulation, were compared as targets for Ab-mediated delivery of Ags, a developing strategy for vaccination. For the production of cytotoxic T cells, DEC-205 and Clec9A, but not Clec12A, were effective targets, although only in the presence of adjuvants. For Ab production, however, Clec9A excelled as a target, even in the absence of adjuvant. Potent humoral immunity was a result of the highly specific expression of Clec9A on DCs, which allowed longer residence of targeting Abs in the bloodstream, prolonged DC Ag presentation, and extended CD4 T cell proliferation, all of which drove highly efficient development of follicular helper T cells. Because Clec9A shows a similar expression pattern on human DCs, it has particular promise as a target for vaccines of human application.
N-Nitrosamines: Environmental occurrence, in vivo formation and metabolism (1982)

A number of amines and quaternary ammonium salts can be nitrosated to N-nitrosamines under environmental conditions as well as in vivo. Of the N-nitrosamines which have been bioassayed to date, more than 250 are proven animal carcinogens. In the absence of data which document that N-nitrosamines can be carcinogenic to man, we concur with the International Agency for Research on Cancer that those nitrosamines that were proven carcinogens in at least 2 animal species "should be regarded for practical purposes as if they were carcinogenic to humans" (1). Such evaluation pertains also to N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and the tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). This presentation discusses the environmental occurrence, analysis, reduction, bioassay data for carcinogenicity and metabolism of these 3 types of nitrosamines. The data at hand make it prudent to encourage reduction of the occurrence of N-nitrosamines in the workplace, in the environment and in food, tobacco and other personal use products. Emphasis should also be placed on research efforts to inhibit the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines and their metabolic activation to reactive carcinogenic species. The latter efforts require increased knowledge as to the activation of nitrosamines and their reaction with cellular macromolecules including DNA.