gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galloylglucoses of low molecular weight as mordant in electron microscopy. I. Procedure, and evidence for mordanting effect. (1976)

Gallotannin, consisting mainly of low molecular weight esters such as penta- and hexagalloylglucoses (commercially available as tannic acid produced from Turkish nutgall), can be used for increasing and diversifying tissue contrast in electron microscopy. When applied on tissue specimens previously fixed by conventional methods (aldehydes and OsO4), the low molecular weight galloylglucoses (LMGG) penetrate satisfactorily the cells and induce general high contrast with fine delineation of extra- and intracellular structures, especially membranes. In some features, additional details of their intimate configuration are revealed. Various experimental conditions tested indicate that the LMGG display a complex effect on fixed tissues: they act primarily as a mordant between osmium-treated structures and lead, and concomitantly stabilize some tissue components against extraction incurred during dehydration and subsequent processing. Experiments with aldehyde blocking reagents (sodium borohydride and glycine) suggested that the LMGG mordanting effect is not dependent on residual aldehydes groups in tissues.
Formulating Binary Compressive Sensing Decoding with Asymmetrical Property (2011)

This paper mathematically analyzes the verification based message passing decoder for the binary compressive sensing (CS) compression problem, toward the goal of judging whether the decoding will be successful prior to the decoding process and of providing design guidelines of sensing matrices for better coding performance. For a biased binary source with unequal percentage of bit "0" and "1", we observe that the recovery probabilities for bit "0" and "1" are different during each round of evolution in the decoding process. We refer to this property as asymmetrical recovery. To authors' best knowledge, this paper is the first one to formulate CS decoding by taking the asymmetrical recovery into account. With the new formulation, the recursion of unrecoverable probability of source bits can be characterized more precisely than previous formulations. Furthermore, as an important property of CS decoding, we also characterize the variation on asymmetrical recovery in different rounds of evolution. The simulation results show that the new formulation has a close match with the actual decoding. Finally, we derive design guidelines for random sensing matrices from the source coding perspective.
Molecular Layer Deposition of a Highly Stable Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Film Using an Organic Chlorosilane and Water (2018)

In this study, molecular layer deposition (MLD) was used to deposit ultrathin films of methylene-bridged silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) using bis(trichlorosilyl)methane and water as precursors at room temperature. By utilizing bifunctional trichlorosilane precursors, films of SiOC can be deposited in a layer-by-layer manner, wherein a water co-reactant circumvents the need for plasma, high temperatures, or highly oxidizing precursors. In this manner, films could be grown without the degradation commonly seen in other SiOC deposition methods. Saturation behavior for both precursors was confirmed for the MLD process, and a constant growth rate of 0.5 ± 0.1 Å/cycle was determined. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to verify the reaction between precursors and to gain insight into the final film composition. Unlike most MLD films, which grow polymers in a linear fashion, XPS analysis indicates that neighboring silanol groups within the films tend to condense, forming a highly cross-linked network structure, whereby, on average, two-thirds of silanol groups undergo a condensation reaction. Further indication of cross-linking is seen by XPS during in situ annealing, which shows exceptional temperature stability of the film up to 600 °C in vacuum, in contrast to linear SiOC films, which are known to degrade below this temperature. The films also exhibit high chemical stability against acids, bases, and solvents. A film density of 1.4 g/cm<sup>3</sup> was measured by X-ray reflectivity, while the dielectric constant and refractive index were determined to be 2.6 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ± 0.1, respectively, at a 633 nm wavelength. The low dielectric constant, high ease of deposition, and exceptional thermal and chemical stabilities of this MLD SiOC film suggest that it may have potential applications for electronic devices.
Antiarrhythmic Action ofβ-Blockers: Potential Mechanisms (2005)

Sympathetic nervous system overactivity has been linked to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death. It has been hypothesized that the extent and nature of the arrhythmogenic effect of sympathetic stimulation depends on the underlying myocardial substrate, the mechanism of the arrhythmia, and the integrated effects of sympathetic stimulation in the particular individual circumstance. Multiple direct and indirect mechanisms of adrenergic action on the heart may benefit from the known antiarrhythmic actions of beta-blocker therapy and other interventions that decrease sympathetic tone. The antiarrhythmic mechanism of beta-blockade (and possibly alpha-blockade) will depend on the specific mechanism of the individual arrhythmia and will differ for those arrhythmias caused by tachycardia and ischemia, those caused by reentry and promoted by decreased conduction velocity and shortened refractoriness, and those caused by early or delayed afterdepolarizations, usually in the context of prolonged action potential duration. Antagonism of cardiac adrenergic activity by beta-blockade in particular is the best-established drug therapy to prevent ventricular arrhythmias.
Effects of Perilipin (PLIN) Gene Variation on Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Weight Loss in Obese Children and Adolescents (2008)

The minor A allele at PLIN4 was associated with higher risk of MS at baseline, whereas the PLIN6 SNP was associated with better weight loss, suggesting that these polymorphisms may predict outcome strategies based on multidisciplinary treatment for OCA.
Measurement of data compression in advanced group 4 facsimile systems (1985)

The CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph) has defined Group 4 facsimile apparatus as that which transmits an ISO A4 (210 × 297 mm) document over public data networks including Packet Switched Data Networks (PSDN) and Circuit Switched Data Networks (CSDN). Data compression is employed in Group 4 systems to minimize the number of bits required for transmission of a message. CCITT Recommendation T.6 defines the basic Group 4 coding scheme to be a variation of the modified READ code (MRC II) which is the Group 3 coding option. This paper measures the compression of the MRC II algorithm for three different documents at resolutions of 200, 240, 300, 400, and 480 picture elements per inch. The compression measurement was accomplished by means of computer simulation. It was determined that the bits per page measure increases linearly with resolution. Results are presented and conclusions drawn. The Group 4 CCITT Recommendations include a mode of operation known as Mixed Mode where a page is divided into two parts: character-coded information and facsimile-coded information. This paper describes four alternative mixed-mode algorithms and measures the compression of each coding technique for CCITT document number 1. The compression measurements were performed by means of computer simulation. Conclusions are drawn regarding the relative advantages of the four algorithms.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Increases Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cultures of Human Synovial Fibroblasts (2012)

Platelet-rich plasma was shown to contain a mixture of anabolic and catabolic mediators. Synoviocytes treated with platelet-rich plasma responded with substantial MMP secretion, which may increase cartilage catabolism. Synoviocytes responded to PDGF with a substantial proinflammatory response.
Low Turnover Osteodystrophy and Vascular Calcification Are Amenable to Skeletal Anabolism in an Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome (2005)

LDL receptor (LDLR)-null mice fed high-fat/cholesterol diets, a model of the metabolic syndrome, have vascular calcification (VC) worsened by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ameliorated by bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), an efficacious agent in treating animal models of renal osteodystrophy. Here, LDLR-/- high-fat-fed mice without CKD were shown to have significant reductions in bone formation rates, associated with increased VC and hyperphosphatemia. Superimposing CKD resulted in a low turnover osteodystrophy, whereas VC worsened and hyperphosphatemia persisted. BMP-7 treatment corrected the hyperphosphatemia, corrected the osteodystrophy, and prevented VC, compatible with skeletal phosphate deposition leading to reduced plasma phosphate and removal of a major stimulus to VC. A pathologic link between abnormal bone mineralization and VC through the serum phosphorus was supported by the partial effectiveness of directly reducing the serum phosphate by a phosphate binder that had no skeletal action. Thus, in this model of the metabolic syndrome with CKD, a reduction in bone-forming potential of osteogenic cells leads to low bone turnover rates, producing hyperphosphatemia and VC, processes ameliorated by the skeletal anabolic agent BMP-7, in part through deposition of phosphate and increased bone formation.
Tumacrophage: macrophages transformed into tumor stem-like cells by virulent genetic material from tumor cells (2017)

// Yizhuang Zhang 1, * , Na Zhou 1, * , Xiuyan Yu 1, * , Xuehui Zhang 1 , Shanxin Li 1 , Zhen Lei 5 , Ruobi Hu 1 , Hui Li 1 , Yiqing Mao 1 , Xi Wang 1 , Jinshu Zhang 2 , Yuan Li 3 , Hongyan Guo 3 , David M. Irwin 4 , Gang Niu 5 and Huanran Tan 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 305 Hospital of People&rsquo;s Liberation Army, Beijing, China 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 5 N &amp; N Genetech Company, Ltd., Beijing, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Huanran Tan, email: tanlab@bjmu.edu.cn Gang Niu, email: nngene@sohu.com David M. Irwin, email: david.irwin@utoronto.ca Keywords: macrophages, circulating tumor cells, apoptosis, phagocytosis, epithelial tumors Received: May 04, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: June 20, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: July 18, 2017 ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages are regarded as tumor-enhancers as they have key roles in the subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor progression. Here, we show that cancer cells can subvert macrophages yielding cells that have gained pro-tumor functions. When macrophages isolated from mice or humans are co-cultured with dead cancer cell line cells, induced to undergo apoptosis to mimic chemotherapy, up-regulation of pro-tumor gene expression was identified. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cancer cells by macrophages resulted in their transformation into tumor stem (initiating)-like cells, as indicated by the expression of epithelial markers (e.g., cytokeratin) and stem cell markers (e.g., Oct4) and their capability to differentiate in vitro and self-renew in serum-free media. Moreover, we identified a subset of monocytes/macrophages cells in the blood of cancer (breast, ovarian and colorectal) patients undergoing chemotherapy that harbor tumor transcripts. Our findings uncover a new role for macrophages in tumor development, where they can be transformed into tumor-like cells, potentially by horizontal gene transfer of tumor-derived genes, thus, by taking advantage of chemotherapy, these transformed macrophages promote tumor metastasis by escaping immune surveillance.
Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for human pancreatic kallikrein (1985)

Cloned cDNA sequences for human pancreatic kallikrein have been isolated and determined by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. The identity between human pancreatic and urinary kallikreins is indicated by the complete coincidence between the amino acid sequence deduced from the cloned cDNA sequence and that reported partially for urinary kallikrein. The active enzyme form of the human pancreatic kallikrein consists of 238 amino acids and is preceded by a signal peptide and a profragment of 24 amino acids. A sequence comparison of this with other mammalian kallikreins indicates that key amino acid residues required for both serine protease activity and kallikrein-like cleavage specificity are retained in the human sequence, and residues corresponding to some external loops of the kallikrein diverge from other kallikreins. Analyses by RNA blot hybridization, primer extension, and S1 nuclease mapping indicate that the pancreatic kallikrein mRNA is also expressed in the kidney and sublingual gland, suggesting the active synthesis of urinary kallikrein in these tissues. Furthermore, the tissue-specific regulation of the expression of the members of the human kallikrein gene family has been discussed.
A W-band micro-coaxial passive monopulse comparator network with integrated cavity-backed patch antenna array (2011)

Summary form only given, as follows. An integrated W-band passive monopulse comparator network is constructed using four rat-race hybrids, designed using the PolystrataTM 3-D sequential micromachining process. The comparator network has a simulated azimuth null of 44.6 dB and elevation null of 44.4 dB. The network is monolithically integrated with an array of cavity backed patch antennas and diode detectors for measurement purposes. An azimuth null of 31.4 dB and an elevation null of 22.5 dB are measured at 93.5 GHz.
Outcome of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Posterolateral Fusion for Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis (2002)

Posterolateral fusion has a better clinical outcome in low grades of isthmic spondylolisthesis, although posterior lumbar interbody fusion is more predictable in maintaining correction and achieving union. Careful patient selection is needed for each operation, and adjacent level disc degeneration may influence the procedure offered to the patient.
Sliding, Absorbable, Reinforced Ring and an Axially Driven Stent Placement Device for Sutureless Fibrin Glue Gastrointestinal Anastomosis (1996)

Reduced blood flow of from 43 to 71% has been reported in sutured and stapled anastomoses. The sutureless sliding, absorbable, intraluminal, nontoxic stent (SAINT)-fibrin glue anastomotic method, which clamps the stump margins between 2 dissolving surfaces, includes only two stages of temporary compression (about 6 min total using 4 IU/mL thrombin) during the glue application in order to promote vascularization. A SAINT placement device (SAINT-PD) was introduced to facilitate low rectal anastomoses. Morphohistologic results from limited trials using fibrin glue with an untied sutureless stapler technique and a prototype non-gear-driven SAINT-PD, neither having the two dissolvable clamping surfaces of the SAINT, showed a 29 and 25% incidence of intraluminal tissue ridges, respectively. Since these tissue ridges could result in subclinical dilatation or frank stenosis, and the more extensive SAINT trials had an 8% incidence of tissue ridges, redesign of the SAINT-PD was undertaken. Consequently, to improve the anastomotic quality of the SAINT-PD, the sliding absorbable reinforced ring (sucrose base) acting as the second dissolvable surface for the SAINT-PD and a new axially controlled geared SAINT-PD design are described.
The Requirements of Methodologies for Developing Web Applications (2005)

The Internet has had a significant impact on the process of developing information systems. However, there has been little research that has examined specifically the role of development methodologies in this new era. Although there are many new forces driving systems development many other issues are extensions of problems that have been there for some years. This study identifies the main requirements of methodologies for developing e-commerce applications. A number of e-commerce application development approaches are examined and a methodology is proposed which attempts to address a number of issues identified within the literature. The Internet Commerce Development Methodology (ICDM) considers evolutionary development of systems, provides a business and strategic focus and includes a management structure in addition to covering the engineering aspects of e-commerce application development. The methodology is evaluated by three focus groups. The results of the evaluations are used to highlight the factors that practitioners identify as important attributes of systems development methodologies for developing Web applications. These include emphasising a business focus, the consideration of organisational culture and management structures, and the importance of an external focus. Practitioners would ideally like methodologies to be relevant to their industry and provide detailed approaches for changing organisational culture. Many traditional systems development methodologies are perceived as being inadequate for dealing with the development of e-commerce systems. The research work proposes that there is a need for an overarching development framework where other more sub-system specific approaches can be integrated. However, any such framework should consider the strategic business drivers of the system, the evolutionary nature of systems, effective management structures, and the development of a conducive organisational culture.
Automatic recognition of a car license plate using color image processing (2002)

An automatic recognition method of a car license plate using color image processing is presented. At first, background colors of a plate are extracted from an input car image. A neural network is used for more stable extraction. To find a plate region, a fixed ratio of horizontal and vertical length of a plate is used. To recognize characters in a plate, template matching and postprocessing techniques are used. Since the proposed method does not depend on line information of a plate it is very robust to boundary deformation. Also, this method is strong enough to deal with a car's image which has many similar regions with a plate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (2003)

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are inherited neurologic disorders in which the primary symptom is insidiously progressive difficulty walking due to lower extremity weakness and spasticity. There have been great strides in our knowledge of this group of disabling disorders; 20 HSP loci and 9 HSP genes have been discovered. Insights into the molecular causes of HSPs are beginning to emerge. This review summarizes these advances in HSPs' genetics.
De la conversion. A propos de la thèse de M. Margairaz (1991)

Cohen Elie. De la conversion. A propos de la thèse de M. Margairaz. In: Les Cahiers de l'Institut d'Histoire du Temps Présent, n°18, juin 1991. Histoire politique et sciences sociales. pp. 33-38.
Reduced-latency SC polar decoder architectures (2012)

Polar codes have become one of the most favorable capacity achieving error correction codes (ECC) along with their simple encoding method. However, among the very few prior successive cancellation (SC) polar decoder designs, the required long code length makes the decoding latency high. In this paper, conventional decoding algorithm is transformed with look-ahead techniques. This reduces the decoding latency by 50%. With pipelining and parallel processing schemes, a parallel SC polar decoder is proposed. Sub-structure sharing approach is employed to design the merged processing element (PE). Moreover, inspired by the real FFT architecture, this paper presents a novel input generating circuit (ICG) block that can generate additional input signals for merged PEs on-the-fly. Gate-level analysis has demonstrated that the proposed design shows advantages of 50% decoding latency and twice throughput over the conventional one with similar hardware cost.
Temporal Changes of Parameters in Phase Change Memory (2008)

We have presented the data showing the drift of PCM parameters over a broad range of times. We have proposed a simple analytical model to explain our observations through inherent structural relaxations in a glass and described by the double well potential concept that predicts the temporal and saturation dependencies of drift phenomena. Our model correctly describes the observed drift including the numerical values of parameters.
UMBRAS: a matched occulter and telescope for imaging extrasolar planets (2003)

We describe a 1-meter space telescope plus free-flying occulter craft mission that would provide direct imaging and spectroscopic observations of Jovian and Uranus-sized planets about nearby stars not detectable by Doppler techniques. The Doppler technique is most sensitive for the detection of massive, close-in extrasolar planets while the use of a free-flying occulter would make it possible to image and study stellar systems with planets comparable to our own Solar System. Such a mission with a larger telescope has the potential to detect earth-like planets. Previous studies of free-flying occulters reported advantages in having the occulting spot outside the telescope compared to a classical coronagraph onboard a space telescope. Using an external occulter means light scatter within the telescope is reduced due to fewer internal obstructions and less light entering the telescope and the polishing tolerances of the primary mirror and the supporting optics can be less stringent, thereby providing higher contrast and fainter detection limits. In this concept, the occulting spot is positioned over the star by translating the occulter craft, at distances of 1,000 to 15,000 kms from the telescope, on the sky instead of by moving the telescope. Any source within the telescope field-of-view can be occulted without moving the telescope. In this paper, we present our current concept for a 1-m space telescope matched to a free-flying occulter, the Umbral Missions Blocking Radiating Astronomical Sources (UMBRAS) space mission. An UMBRAS space mission consists of a Solar Powered Ion Driven Eclipsing Rover (SPIDER) occulter craft and a matched (apodized) telescope. The occulter spacecraft would be semi-autonomous, with its own propulsion systems, internal power (solar cells), communications, and navigation capability. Spacecraft rendezvous and formation flying would be achieved with the aid of telescope imaging, RF or laser ranging, celestial navigation inputs, and formation control algorithms.