gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the RPGR gene cause X-linked cone dystrophy (2002)

X-linked cone dystrophy is a type of hereditary retinal degeneration characterized by a progressive dysfunction of the day vision or photopic (cone) system with preservation of night vision or scotopic (rod) function. The disease presents with a triad of photophobia, loss of color vision and reduced central vision. This phenotype is distinct from retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in which there are prominent night and peripheral vision disturbances. X-linked cone dystrophy is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with linkage to loci on Xp11.4--Xp21.1 (COD1, OMIM 304020) and Xq27 (COD2, OMIM 303800). COD1 maps to a region that harbors the RPGR gene, mutations in which account for >70% of patients with X-linked RP. The majority of these mutations reside in one purine-rich exon, ORF15, encoding 567 amino acids with a repetitive domain rich in glutamic acid residues. We mapped two families with X-linked cone dystrophy to the COD1 locus and identified two distinct mutations in ORF15 in the RPGR gene (ORF15+1343_1344delGG and ORF15+694_708del15) leading to a frame-shift and premature termination of translation in one case and a deletion of five amino acids in another. Consistent with expression of RPGR in rods and cones, our results show that mutations in RPGR, in addition to X-linked RP, can also cause cone-specific degeneration.
Ribavirin (1984)

Despite the plethora of antibiotics available for the treatment of bacterial infections, very few agents have been developed to treat viral diseases. Ribavirin (Virazole) is a triazole nucleoside antiviral agent that produces selective antiviral effects against a broad spectrum of RNA and DNA viruses. The drug has been effective in the treatment of naturally occurring influenza A and B infections when administered by aerosol; oral administration has been ineffective. Ribavirin aerosol therapy also has proven effective to reduce symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infections in young adults and hospitalized neonates. Ribavirin aerosol may be the first antiviral agent to treat these common diseases.
Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (1982)

Sixty-one lumbar intervertebral joints were compressed while wedged to simulate hyperflexion. Twenty-six of the joints failed by posterior disc prolapse. The results show that slightly degenerated discs at lower lumbar levels from subjects aged between 40 and 50 years are most susceptible to prolapse.
Perceptually based tone mapping of high dynamic range image streams (2005)

This paper presents a new perceptually based tone mapping operator that represents scene visibility under timevarying, high dynamic range conditions. The operator is based on a new generalized threshold model that extends the conventional threshold-versus-intensity (TVI) function to account for the viewer's adaptation state, and a new temporal adaptation model that includes fast and slow neural mechanisms as well as photopigment bleaching. These new visual models allow the operator to produce tone-mapped image streams that represent the loss of visibility experienced under changing illumination conditions and in high dynamic range scenes. By varying the psychophysical data that the models use, we simulate the differences in scene visibility experienced by normal and visually impaired observers.
Safety-Reinforced Succinonitrile-Based Electrolyte with Interfacial Stability for High-Performance Lithium Batteries (2017)

Different contents of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as cosolvent is added into succinonitrile (SN) solution to form a novel electrolyte for lithium batteries. The SN-based electrolyte with 20 wt % FEC exhibits the most favorable properties involving the good thermal stability, wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity. Comparing with the commercial electrolyte, the 20% FEC-SN electrolyte demonstrates the advantage of high safety and excellent interfacial compatibility with lithium due to the form of compact and smooth solid electrolyte interphase layer on the anode. LiCoO<sub>2</sub>/Li cells using the SN-based electrolyte behave a high reversible discharge capacity of 122.4 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> and keep an outstanding capacity retention of 91% (122.1 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>) at 0.5 C after 100 cycles at 25 °C, 50 °C, respectively. More importantly, the soft-package cells with the SN-based electrolyte can withstand harsh surroundings at 120 °C for 30 min without gas emitted, and can still keep the capacity retention of 77% compared to that before heat treatment, significantly higher than traditional commercial electrolyte (0%). All above results indicate the novel SN-based electrolyte can be an excellent alternative electrolyte in a practical lithium battery.
CD1: Antigen Presentation and T Cell Function (2004)

This review summarizes the major features of CD1 genes and proteins, the patterns of intracellular trafficking of CD1 molecules, and how they sample different intracellular compartments for self- and foreign lipids. We describe how lipid antigens bind to CD1 molecules with their alkyl chains buried in hydrophobic pockets and expose their polar lipid headgroup whose fine structure is recognized by the TCR of CD1-restricted T cells. CD1-restricted T cells carry out effector, helper, and adjuvant-like functions and interact with other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, and B cells, thereby contributing to both innate and adaptive immune responses. Insights gained from mice and humans now delineate the extensive range of diseases in which CD1-restricted T cells play important roles and reveal differences in the role of CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in contrast to CD1d. Invariant TCR alpha chains, self-lipid reactivity, and rapid effector responses empower a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells (NKT cells) to have unique effector functions without counterpart among MHC-restricted T cells. This review describes the function of CD1-restricted T cells in antimicrobial responses, antitumor immunity, and in regulating the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity.
Further Improvement in Postprandial Glucose Control With Addition of Exenatide or Sitagliptin to Combination Therapy With Insulin Glargine and Metformin (2010)

EXE or SITA added to GLAR + MET further substantially reduced postprandial blood glucose excursions. Longer-term studies in a larger population are warranted to confirm these findings.
An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing (1972)

A constrained least mean-squares algorithm has been derived which is capable of adjusting an array of sensors in real time to respond to a signal coming from a desired direction while discriminating against noises coming from other directions. Analysis and computer simulations confirm that the algorithm is able to iteratively adapt variable weights on the taps of the sensor array to minimize noise power in the array output. A set of linear equality constraints on the weights maintains a chosen frequency characteristic for the array in the direction of interest. The array problem would be a classical constrained least-mean-squares problem except that the signal and noise statistics are assumed unknown a priori. A geometrical presentation shows that the algorithm is able to maintain the constraints and prevent the accumulation of quantization errors in a digital implementation.
High order Ambisonic decoding method for irregular loudspeaker arrays (2010)

Ambisonics, a sound field synthesis and reproduction technique, has shown promising results in conveying three-dimensional spatialized sound. Ambisonic encodings directly describe the spatial properties of sound fields without reference to the reproduction system. Precise regeneration of a sound field requires a large number of loudspeakers arranged so as to adequately sample all directions; this is referred to as a regular layout. It is not difficult to find a decoding matrix to reproduce Ambisonic recordings using uniformly distributed loudspeakers. Nevertheless, evenly locating a large number of loudspeakers is not feasible in most scenarios. Irregular arrays, however, are known to lead to ill-conditioned and singular re-encoding matrices. We propose a method for accurate reproduction of high order Ambisonic recordings over irregular loudspeaker arrays. Our approach consists of three stages which aim to exploit any regularities of the array, while using asymmetrically located loudspeakers to expand the listening volume. We evaluated our proposal using an irregular 157-channel loudspeaker array. Comparisons with mainstream decoding methods were conducted. The proposed scheme results in an overall increase in the size of the listening volume.
New Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia montbretii (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia montbretiiAyhan Ulubelen and Gülaçti TopcuCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 4, 441–444Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50082a006https://doi.org/10.1021/np50082a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GlycoSpectrumScan: Fishing Glycopeptides from MS Spectra of Protease Digests of Human Colostrum sIgA (2009)

With the emergence of glycoproteomics, there is a need to develop bioinformatic tools to identify glycopeptides in protease digests of glycoproteins. GlycoSpectrumScan is a web-based tool that identifies the glycoheterogeneity on a peptide from mass spectrometric data. Two experimental data sets are required as inputs: (1) oligosaccharide compositions of the N- and/or O-linked glycans present in the sample and (2) in silico derived peptide masses of proteolytically digested proteins with a potential number of N- and/or O-glycosylation sites. GlycoSpectrumScan uses MS data, rather than MS/MS data, to identify glycopeptides and determine the relative distribution of N- and O-glycoforms at each site. It is functional for assigning monosaccharide compositions on glycopeptides with single and multiple sites of glycosylation. The algorithm allows the input of raw mass data, including multiply charged ions, making it applicable for both ESI and MALDI data from all mass spectrometer platforms. Manual analysis time for identifying glycosylation heterogeneity at each site on glycoprotein(s) is substantially decreased. The application of this tool to characterize the N- and O-linked glycopeptides from human secretory IgA (sIgA), consisting of secretory component (7 N-linked sites), IgA1 (2 N-linked, <or=5 O-linked sites), IgA2 (4 N-linked sites) and J-chain (1 N-linked site) is described. GlycoSpectrumScan is freely available at www.glycospectrumscan.org .
Single-strand DNA triple-helix formation (1990)

Chemical modification studies provide evidence that single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides can form stable intrastrand triple helices. Two oligonucleotides of opposite polarity were synthesized, each composed of a homopurine-homopyrimidine hairpin stem linked to a pyrimidine sequence which is capable of folding back on the hairpin stem and forming specific Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. Using potassium permanganate as a chemical modification reagent, we have found that two oligodeoxyribonucleotides of sequence composition type 5'-(purine)8(N)4(pyrimidine)8(N)6(pyrimidine)8-3' and 5'-(pyrimidine)8N6(pyrimidine)8N4(purine)8-3' undergo dramatic structural changes consistent with intrastrand DNA triple-helix formation induced by lowering the pH or raising the Mg2+ concentration. The intrastrand DNA triple helix is sensitive to base mismatches.
Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles (2017)

Durable, electrically conducting yarns are a critical component of electronic textiles (e-textiles). Here, such yarns with exceptional wear and wash resistance are realized through dyeing silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori with the conjugated polymer:polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS. A high Young's modulus of approximately 2 GPa combined with a robust and scalable dyeing process results in up to 40 m long yarns that maintain their bulk electrical conductivity of approximately 14 S cm<sup>-1</sup> when experiencing repeated bending stress as well as mechanical wear during sewing. Moreover, a high degree of ambient stability is paired with the ability to withstand both machine washing and dry cleaning. For the potential use for e-textile applications to be illustrated, an in-plane thermoelectric module that comprises 26 p-type legs is demonstrated by embroidery of dyed silk yarns onto a piece of felted wool fabric.
UVB-Mediated Induction of Cytokines and Growth Factors in Pterygium Epithelial Cells Involves Cell Surface Receptors and Intracellular Signaling (2006)

The results have identified a stress-induced intracellular pathway and potential cell-surface transmitters that may be relevant to pterygium development. Moreover, two anti-inflammatory/antiangiogenic agents were identified that reduced cytokine production in the study model. Topical application of these drugs may benefit patients with pterygia, potentially reducing the necessity for surgical intervention.
Derivation of a bronchial genomic classifier for lung cancer in a prospective study of patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy (2015)

We developed a gene expression classifier measured in bronchial airway epithelial cells that is able to detect lung cancer in current and former smokers who have undergone bronchoscopy for suspicion of lung cancer. Due to the high NPV of the classifier, it could potentially inform clinical decisions regarding the need for further invasive testing in patients whose bronchoscopy is non diagnostic.
Implementing Signatures for Transactional Memory (2007)

Transactional Memory (TM) systems must track the read and write sets--items read and written during a transaction--to detect conflicts among concurrent trans- actions. Several TMs use signatures, which summarize unbounded read/write sets in bounded hardware at a per- formance cost of false positives (conflicts detected when none exists). This paper examines different organizations to achieve hardware-efficient and accurate TM signatures. First, we find that implementing each signature with a single k-hash- function Bloom filter (True Bloom signature) is inefficient, as it requires multi-ported SRAMs. Instead, we advocate using k single-hash-function Bloom filters in parallel (Par- allel Bloom signature), using area-efficient single-ported SRAMs. Our formal analysis shows that both organiza- tions perform equally well in theory and our simulation- based evaluation shows this to hold approximately in prac- tice. We also show that by choosing high-quality hash func- tions we can achieve signature designs noticeably more ac- curate than the previously proposed implementations. Fi- nally, we adapt Pagh and Rodler's cuckoo hashing to im- plement Cuckoo-Bloom signatures. While this representa- tion does not support set intersection, it mitigates false pos- itives for the common case of small read/write sets and per- forms like a Bloom filter for large sets.
Murine cytomegalovirus displays selective infection of cells within hours after systemic administration (2008)

A distinctive feature of the cytomegaloviruses is their wide tissue tropism, demonstrated by the infection of many organs and cell types in an active infection. However, in experimental models of systemic infection, the earliest stages of infection are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether only certain cells are initially infected. Using a recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), we tracked viral infection after systemic administration via intraperitoneal injection and showed that specific cells are infected within the first hours. We provide evidence that MCMV traffics as free virus from the peritoneal cavity into the mediastinal lymphatics, providing access to the bloodstream. We demonstrate that MCMV productively infected CD169(+) subcapsular sinus macrophages in the mediastinal lymph nodes, ER-TR7(+) CD29(+) reticular fibroblasts in the spleen and hepatocytes. Infection in the spleen followed a distinctive pattern, beginning in the marginal zone at 6 h and spreading into the red pulp by 17 h. By 48 h after infection, there was widespread infection in the spleen and liver with degeneration of infected cells. In addition, infected dendritic cells appeared in the white pulp of the spleen at 48 h post-infection. On the other hand, cowpox virus showed a different pattern of infectivity in the spleen and liver. Thus, early MCMV infection produces a distinct pattern of infection of selective cells.
Comparing spot electrode arrangements for electric impedance cardiography (2002)

This study investigates whether an arrangement with nine spot electrodes, for thoracic bio-impedance cardiography, can be replaced by an arrangement with five spot electrodes. The study was conducted on 15 healthy subjects, six females and nine males, in supine rest. The variables obtained from the measurements were the mean of the impedance of the thorax segment between the recording electrodes, the maximum negative deflection of the first derivative of the thoracic impedance, the left ventricular ejection time and an estimate of left ventricular stroke volume. An analysis of variance for a randomized complete block design was used to determine whether significant differences exist in the group means of the observed variables between six different electrode arrangements. If no statistically significant differences were found in these group means between pairs of arrangements, Bland and Altman analyses were used to determine the differences in the observed variables between pairs of arrangements for individual subjects. This study concludes that reducing the number of spot electrodes from nine to five, does not yield significant differences in the group means of the observed variables, but it could result in large differences in the values of these variables for individual subjects.
Fgf10expression identifies parabronchial smooth muscle cell progenitors and is required for their entry into the smooth muscle cell lineage (2005)

Lineage formation in the lung mesenchyme is poorly understood. Using a transgenic mouse line expressing LacZ under the control of Fgf10 regulatory sequences, we show that the pool of Fgf10-positive cells in the distal lung mesenchyme contains progenitors of the parabronchial smooth muscle cells. Fgf10 gene expression is slightly repressed in this transgenic line. This allowed us to create a hypomorphic Fgf10 phenotype by expressing the LacZtransgene in a heterozygous Fgf10 background. Hypomorphic Fgf10 mutant lungs display a decrease inβ-galactosidase-positive cells around the bronchial epithelium associated with an accumulation of β-galactosidase-expressing cells in the distal mesenchyme. This correlates with a marked reduction of α smooth muscle actin expression, thereby demonstrating that FGF10 is mostly required for the entry of mesenchymal cells into the parabronchial smooth muscle cell lineage. The failure of exogenous FGF10 to phosphorylate its known downstream targets ERK and AKT in lung mesenchymal cultures strongly suggests that FGF10 acts indirectly on the progenitor population via an epithelial intermediate. We provide support for a role of epithelial BMP4 in mediating the formation of parabronchial smooth muscle cells.
5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of pestivirus genome: primary and secondary structure analyses (1993)

Within the conserved 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the pestivirus genome three highly variable regions were identified. Preceding the polyprotein start codon, multiple cryptic AUG codons and several small open reading frames are characteristic for all the five pestiviruses. Inspection of the context of AUGs revealed that the polyprotein initiation AUG of pestivirus has a weak context for efficient translation initiation. The most favorable context was found in two of the cryptic AUGs. Two oligopyrimidine-rich tracts upstream to the conserved either cryptic or authentic AUG in the 5'-UTR of pestivirus were identified and 83.3% of their nucleotide sequences are complementary to the consensus sequence at the 3' terminus of eucaryotic 18S rRNA. A secondary structure model for the 5'-UTR of pestivirus was predicted. Nucleotide sequence comparison among five pestiviruses led to the identification of a variable region and a conserved region in the 3'-UTR. A deletion of 41 nucleotides was found within the variable region in Osloss. A secondary structure model for the 3'-UTR was also predicted. The structural similarity of the 5'-UTR between pestiviruses and picornaviruses and hepatitis C viruses was demonstrated and the possible implications of features of the 5' and 3'-UTR of pestiviruses are discussed.
Coronary sinus pacing clinical follow-up. (1978)

Coronary sinus pacing is a safe and effective means of pacing from the atrium. In 66 patients with an average follow-up of 14 months, there was a 14% failure rate. There were transient problems in 14% which were subsequently corrected. There was a 6% death rate which was not pacemaker related. Successful atrial pacing with thresholds up to 6.0 mA is feasible. Atrial pacing was successful in 18 of 19 patients with varying degrees of atrioventricular block. Our experience with a new electrode has been very satisfactory.
Chemical modification of proteins by methylglyoxal. (1998)

Methylglyoxal is formed in vivo by spontaneous decomposition of triose phosphate intermediates in aerobic glycolysis. It may also be formed during oxidative degradation of both carbohydrates (pentoses and ascorbate) and lipids (arachidonate). In addition to reaction with arginine residues to form imidazolone adducts, methylglyoxal reacts with lysine residues in protein to form N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and the imidazolium crosslink, methylglyoxal-lysine dimer (MOLD). Like the glycoxidation products, N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and glyoxal-lysine dimer (GOLD) which are formed on reaction of glyoxal with protein, CEL and MOLD increase in lens proteins and skin collagen with age. CML and CEL also increase in skin collagen in diabetes, while all four compounds increase in plasma proteins in uremia. Overall, CML, CEL, GOLD and MOLD are quantitatively the major biomarkers of the Maillard reaction in tissue proteins. GOLD and MOLD, in particular, are present at 10-50 fold higher concentrations than the fluorescent crosslink, pentosidine. Together, these dicarbonyl-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) represent the major chemical modifications that accumulate in tissue proteins with age and in chronic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.