gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heating and separation using nanomagnet-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (2011)

A magnetic functionalization of microcrystalline MOF particles was realized using magnetic iron oxide particles. Such magnetic MOFs can be separated using a static magnetic field after use in catalytic processes and heated by an external alternating magnetic field to trigger desorption of encaged drug molecules.
PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION PANCARDITIS I. (1980)

Radiation-induced heart injuries were morphologically studied by using the rabbits irradiated with a single dose of 3,000R (group I) or 300R of X-ray group II) from 1 hour until 6 months. There was no essential difference in the lesions of the hearts from group I and that of group II. Acute epicarditis was found as early as 1 hour after irradiation and it became maximum in severity at 1-2 days. In the myocardium, there were degeneration and resolution of the myocardial cell, various architectural changes of mitochondria, and disorganization of the intercalated disc. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and endothelial injuries of the capillaries occurred in the interstitial tissue. In addition, endocarditis with or without thrombus formation was often found. Acute inflammation was seen in the myocardium of group II rather later than that of group I, but it disappeared earlier. In the later stage, fibrosis finally occurred in the epicardium and endocardium. Glycoprotein degeneration of the muscle cells and fibrosis appeared in the myocardium. The pathogenesis of radiation pancarditis is thought to be dependent not only on the disturbance of microcirculation caused by endothelial cell damage of the capillaries, but also on alterations of the myocardial mitochondria as a result of direct injury.
Quantum mechanics in terms of non-negative smoothed Wigner functions (1992)

A formalism that allows the formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of non-negative smoothed Wigner functions, in a simple and straightforward way, is developed. It contains the formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of Husimi distributions as a special case.
Medical Hazards of Obesity (1993)

The medical hazards of obesity are discussed. Risks include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Obesity is also associated with gallbladder disease and some forms of cancer as well as sleep apnea, chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia, and degenerative joint disease. Obesity is an independent risk factor for death from coronary heart disease. A central distribution of body fat enhances the risk for most of these conditions.
Extreme Exposure to Filtered Far‐UVC: A Case Study† (2021)

Far-UVC devices are being commercially sold as "safe for humans" for the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, without supporting human safety data. We felt there was a need for rapid proof-of-concept human self-exposure, to inform future controlled research and promote informed discussion. A Fitzpatrick Skin Type II individual exposed their inner forearms to large radiant exposures from a filtered Krypton-Chloride (KrCl) far-UVC system (SafeZoneUVC, Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with peak emission at 222 nm. No visible skin changes were observed at 1500 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup> ; whereas, skin yellowing that appeared immediately and resolved within 24 h occurred with a 6000 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup> exposure. No erythema was observed at any time point with exposures up to 18 000 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup> . These results combined with Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer computer modeling suggest that filtering longer ultraviolet wavelengths is critical for the human skin safety of far-UVC devices. This work also contributes to growing arguments for the exploration of exposure limit expansion, which would subsequently enable faster inactivation of viruses.
Tools of Nanotechnology: Electrospray (2005)

Liquids can readily interact with electric fields. Field-induced or injected charges in liquids interact with an external electric field causing liquids to move, break into drops or spray into jets or strings of fine droplets. One important case of liquid in the capillary deserves special mentioning as it serves as a basis of many and varied technological applications. An electric field acts on a liquid meniscus, counteracted by surface tension. In a strong enough field a cone is formed that emits a jet of liquid from its tip. This effect is used, for example, to coat car bodies by a thin uniform layer of paint. At the other end of the scale nano-electrospray has revolutionised mass-spectroscopy of bio-molecules. The ability of electrospray to repeatedly generate very small and uniform volumes of liquid makes it into one of the important tools of nanotechnology. Electrospray has been used to deposit ultra-thin films of inorganic, organic and biological materials, to generate nanoparticles and quantum dots, to sort them according to their sizes, and to help with dispersion and delivery of nanomaterials. This mini-review introduces basics of electrospray technology and summarises the diverse applications of electrospray in nano-sciences.
Monitoring and early warning for internet worms (2003)

After the Code Red incident in 2001 and the SQL Slammer in January 2003, it is clear that a simple self-propagating worm can quickly spread across the Internet, infects most vulnerable computers before people can take effective countermeasures. The fast spreading nature of worms calls for a worm monitoring and early warning system. In this paper, we propose effective algorithms for early detection of the presence of a worm and the corresponding monitoring system. Based on epidemic model and observation data from the monitoring system, by using the idea of "detecting the trend, not the rate" of monitored illegitimated scan traffic, we propose to use a Kalman filter to detect a worm's propagation at its early stage in real-time. In addition, we can effectively predict the overall vulnerable population size, and correct the bias in the observed number of infected hosts. Our simulation experiments for Code Red and SQL Slammer show that with observation data from a small fraction of IP addresses, we can detect the presence of a worm when it infects only 1% to 2% of the vulnerable computers on the Internet.
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline reduces cardiac collagen cross-linking and inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats (2013)

We have reported previously that Ac-SDKP (N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline) reduces fibrosis and inflammation (in macrophages and mast cells). However, it is not known whether Ac-SDKP decreases collagen cross-linking and lymphocyte infiltration; lymphocytes modulate both collagen cross-linking and ECM (extracellular matrix) formation in hypertension. Thus we hypothesized that (i) in AngII (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension, Ac-SDKP prevents increases in cross-linked and total collagen by down-regulating LOX (lysyl oxidase), the enzyme responsible for cross-linking, and (ii) these effects are associated with decreased pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration. We induced hypertension in rats by infusing AngII either alone or combined with Ac-SDKP for 3 weeks. Whereas Ac-SDKP failed to lower BP (blood pressure) or LV (left ventricular) hypertrophy, it did prevent AngII-induced increases in (i) cross-linked and total collagen, (ii) LOX mRNA expression and LOXL1 (LOX-like 1) protein, (iii) TGFβ expression, (iv) nuclear translocation of NF-κB, (v) CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, and (vi) CD68+ macrophages infiltration. In addition, we found a positive correlation between CD4+ infiltration and LOXL1 expression. In conclusion, the effect of Ac-SDKP on collagen cross-linking and total collagen may be due to reduced TGFβ1, LOXL1, and lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, and its effect on inflammation could be due to lower NF-κB.
Analysis of the generalized clock buffer replacement scheme for database transaction processing (1992)

The CLOCK algorithm is a popular buffer replacement algorithm because of its simplicity and its ability to approximate the performance of the Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy. The Generalized Clock (GCLOCK) buffer replacement policy uses a circular buffer and a weight associated with each page brought in buffer to decide on which page to replace. We develop an approximate analysis for the GCLOCK policy under the Independent Reference Model (IRM) that applies to many database transaction processing workloads. We validate the analysis for various workloads with data access skew. Comparison with simulations shows that in all cases examined the error is extremely small (less than 1%). To show the usefulness of the model we apply it to a Transaction Processing Council benchmark A (TPC-A) like workload. If knowledge of the different data partitions in this workload is assumed, the analysis shows that, with appropriate choice of weights, the performance of the GCLOCK algorithm can be better than the LRU policy. Performance very close to that for optimal (static) buffer allocation can be achieved by assigning sufficiently high weights, and can be implemented with a reasonably low overhead. Finally, we outline how the model can be extended to capture the effect of page invalidation in a multinode system.
Human Cardiac Stem Cells (2009)

T he view of the heart as a static organ implies that myocyte death and formation play a negligible role in cardiac homeostasis. Although stem cells have been unexpectedly identified in several organs, including the brain, kidney, lung, and skeletal muscle, the search for a cardiac stem cell (CSC) has been perceived as a futile effort, given the acknowledged lack of regenerative potential of the myocardium. Nevertheless, in the past several years, the demonstration of myocyte renewal in the normal and diseased heart has revealed a new, dynamic, and lively picture of this organ. Components of the cell cycle machinery and markers of cell replication have been detected in cardiomyocytes. The demonstration that karyokinesis and cytokinesis involve cells expressing contractile proteins has provided evidence that cardiomyocyte division occurs in the adult heart. 1 More recently, pulse-chase assays with thymidine analogs, 2 lineage tracing protocols, 3 and 14 C birth dating of cells 4 have shown the existence of myocyte turnover, a process that has been found to differ in magnitude according to the methods used for its documentation and quantification.
Risk of Worsening Renal Function With Nesiritide in Patients With Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure (2005)

Nesiritide significantly increases the risk of worsening renal function in patients with ADHF. Whether worsening renal function reflects hemodynamic effect or renal injury is unknown, but the prognostic importance of worsening renal function suggests the need for further investigation in appropriately powered clinical trials.
Evaluating intrusion detection systems: the 1998 DARPA off-line intrusion detection evaluation (2002)

An intrusion detection evaluation test bed was developed which generated normal traffic similar to that on a government site containing 100's of users on 1000's of hosts. More than 300 instances of 38 different automated attacks were launched against victim UNIX hosts in seven weeks of training data and two weeks of test data. Six research groups participated in a blind evaluation and results were analyzed for probe, denial-of-service (DoS) remote-to-local (R2L), and user to root (U2R) attacks. The best systems detected old attacks included in the training data, at moderate detection rates ranging from 63% to 93% at a false alarm rate of 10 false alarms per day. Detection rates were much worse for new and novel R2L and DoS attacks included only in the test data. The best systems failed to detect roughly half these new attacks which included damaging access to root-level privileges by remote users. These results suggest that further research should focus on developing techniques to find new attacks instead of extending existing rule-based approaches.
The Transcription Factors HvABI5 and HvVP1 Are Required for the Abscisic Acid Induction of Gene Expression in Barley Aleurone Cells (2002)

The abscisic acid (ABA) response promoter complexes (ABRCs) of the HVA1 and HVA22 genes have been shown to confer ABA-induced gene expression in cereals. A barley basic domain/Leu zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, HvABI5, is able to recognize ABRCs in vitro in a sequence-specific manner and to transactivate ABRC-beta-glucuronidase reporter genes when introduced to barley aleurone cells via particle bombardment. This transactivation is dependent on the presence of another transcription factor, HvVP1, and cannot be blocked by the negative regulator abi1-1. Using the double-stranded RNA interference technique, we show that HvABI5 and HvVP1 are necessary for the ABA induction of gene expression but have no effect on another hormone-regulated process, the gibberellin-induced and ABA-suppressed expression of alpha-amylase. Our work indicates that although other typical plant bZIP transcription factors may bind ABRCs in vitro, HvABI5 is related to a subfamily of bZIPs responsible for the ABA induction of gene expression. Furthermore, HvABI5 and HvVP1 are not involved in the ABA suppression of gene expression.
High-efficiency transformation of Streptococcus lactis protoplasts by plasmid DNA (1986)

Streptococcus lactis IL1403 protoplasts were transformed by plasmid pIL204 (5.5 kilobases), which conferred erythromycin resistance with an average efficiency of 5 X 10(6) transformants per microgram of supercoiled DNA. The procedure used and transformation efficiencies obtained were close to those described for Bacillus subtilis (G. Chang and S. N. Cohen, Mol. Gen. Genet. 168:111-115, 1979).
HIV-1 Entry and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β-mediated Signaling Are Independent Functions of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5 (1997)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of specific chemokine receptors in addition to CD4 to enter its target cell. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is used by macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, which predominate during the asymptomatic stages of infection. Here we investigate whether the ability of CCR5 to signal in response to its beta-chemokine ligands is necessary or sufficient for viral entry. Three CCR5 mutants with little or no ability to mobilize calcium in response to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta could nonetheless support HIV-1 entry and the early steps in the virus life cycle with efficiencies comparable with those of wild-type CCR5. Conversely, a chimeric receptor with the N terminus of CCR2 replacing that of CCR5 responded to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta and MCP-1 but did not efficiently support viral entry. These results demonstrate that chemokine signaling and HIV-1 entry are separable functions of CCR5 and that only viral entry requires the N-terminal domain of CCR5.
Effects of Prechilling and Sequential Washing on Enumeration of Microorganisms from Refuse (1989)

Techniques were evaluated for formation of a liquid inoculum from shredded municipal refuse, including chilling the refuse at 4 degrees C prior to blending and multiple washing and blending cycles. The average count of cellulolytic bacteria from six different detachment treatments was 5.1 x 10 cells per g (dry weight) of refuse with a range of 0.7 x 10 to 12.7 x 10 cells per g (dry weight). The liquid obtained from blending the refuse in phosphate buffer followed by hand squeezing was the selected detachment procedure. The inoculum formation procedure was validated by the addition of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria to refuse and recovery of the cellulolytic bacteria by most-probable-number enumerations. The ratio of measured to expected cell counts among tests in which different volumes of ruminal fluid were added to refuse ranged from 2.7 to 14.4. There was no evidence of anaerobic cellulolytic fungi in a refuse sample.
Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020)

This Viewpoint from physicians with the Italian National Institute of Health confirms a higher case-fatality rate from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy compared with China and explains possible reasons, including age, cause of death definitions, and testing strategy.
A New Serotype of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Responsible for Respiratory Disease in Arkansas Broiler Flocks (1973)

R. B. Johnson, W. W. Marquardt, J. A. Newman, A New Serotype of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Responsible for Respiratory Disease in Arkansas Broiler Flocks, Avian Diseases, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1973), pp. 518-523
Ionic mechanism of the effects of hydrogen peroxide in rat ventricular myocytes. (1997)

1. Whole-cell and amphotericin-perforated patch-clamp techniques have been used to study the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on action potentials and underlying ionic currents in single myocytes from the ventricles of adult rat hearts. 2. The results obtained differed markedly depending on the recording method utilized. Conventional whole-cell recordings, in which the myoplasm is dialysed with the contents of the pipette, failed to show any significant effects of H2O2 on the action potential or cell shortening. In contrast, when action potentials were recorded with the amphotericin-perforated patch method, H2O2 (50-200 microM) produced a marked prolongation of the action potential and an increase in cell shortening. 3. Voltage-clamp recordings with the amphotericin-perforated patch method showed that H2O2 caused no significant changes in either the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K+ current (Ito) or the inwardly rectifying K+ current (IK1). 4. Application of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 8 x 10(-6) M), a Na+ channel blocker, largely inhibited the effects of H2O2 on the action potential. Moreover, anthopleurin A (4 x 10 (-7) M), which augments Na+ current (INa) by slowing its inactivation, mimicked the effects of H2O2 on the action potential of ventricular myocytes. These effects on INa were also blocked almost completely by TTX. 5. The hypothesis that H2O2 can augment INa by slowing its kinetics of inactivation was tested directly using ensemble recordings from cell-attached macropatches. These results demonstrated a significant enhancement of late opening events when H2O2 (200 microM) was included in the recording pipette. A corresponding slowing of inactivation of the ensemble INa was observed. 6. The possibility that protein kinase C (PKC) is an intracellular second messenger for the observed effects of H2O2 was examined using the blocker bisindolylmaelimide (BIS; 10(-7) M). Bath application of BIS prior to H2O2 exposure significantly delayed and also attenuated the development of the action potential prolongation. 7. These results demonstrate marked electrophysiological effects of H2O2 in rat ventricle. The dependence of these effects on recording methods suggests involvement of an intracellular second messenger, and the results with the PKC inhibitor, BIS, support this possibility. The most prominent effect of H2O2 on the ionic currents which underlie the action potential is a slowing of inactivation of the TTX-sensitive INa. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated a PKC phosphorylation site on the rat cardiac Na+ channel isoform and have also shown that PKC activation can slow inactivation of INa.
The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression (1993)

Research Article| October 15 1993 The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression G W Gould; G W Gould *Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G D Holman G D Holman †Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1993) 295 (2): 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2950329 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G W Gould, G D Holman; The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression. Biochem J 15 October 1993; 295 (2): 329–341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2950329 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1993 The Biochemical Society, London1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Biosensors for directly measuring cell affecting agents. (1990)

Cellular perfusion chambers have been constructed from the Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS) previously described. The authors have used these chambers to measure the effects of a variety of agents on the metabolic rates of cells. The chambers are used in a stopped flow mode. When flow is on, samples may be introduced to the chamber. When flow is stopped, acidification of the very small volume of medium in the chamber is used to determined the metabolic rate of the cells. Using a variety of types of mammalian cells the authors have demonstrated the following. The triggering of cellular receptors can be determined in minutes. Metabolic inhibition of normal human cells by a test compound can be correlated with the compounds in vivo ocular irritancy. And the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor cells exhibiting multidrug resistance can be determined in a few hours.
Enhancing source-level programming tools with an awareness of transparent program transformations (2009)

Programs written in managed languages are compiled to a platform-independent intermediate representation, such as Java bytecode. The relative high level of Java bytecode has engendered a widespread practice of changing the bytecode directly, without modifying the maintained version of the source code. This practice, called bytecode engineering or enhancement , has become indispensable in introducing various concerns, including persistence, distribution, and security, transparently. For example, transparent persistence architectures help avoid the entanglement of business and persistence logic in the source code by changing the bytecode directly to synchronize objects with stable storage. With functionality added directly at the bytecode level, the source code reflects only partial semantics of the program. Specifically, the programmer can neither ascertain the program's runtime behavior by browsing its source code, nor map the runtime behavior back to the original source code. This paper presents an approach that improves the utility of source-level programming tools by providing enhancement specifications written in a domain-specific language. By interpreting the specifications, a source-level programming tool can gain an awareness of the bytecode enhancements and improve its precision and usability. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by making a source code editor and a symbolic debugger enhancements-aware.