gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impedance matching with lossy components (1975)

Impedance matching networks couple a generator to a load. When lossless matching elements are used, the load power <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> and the power <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P'</tex> extracted from the generator terminals are the same. Then the familiar conjugate impedance match condition maximizes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P'</tex> , and hence <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> . But if the matching elements are lossy <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P \neq P'</tex> ; the power difference <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P' - P</tex> is wasted in the matching network. Maximizing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P'</tex> does not maximize <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> . Suppose the load is purely resistive and that the quality factors of all elements used in the matching network must not exceed a prescribed value <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> . If the load resistance value <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</tex> is not prescribed, but can be adjusted to facilitate matching, then the maximum obtainable load power is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_m</tex> , given by Theorem 1. When <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</tex> is prescribed, the maximum power may be less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_m</tex> . However, there is a range of load resistance values, wide in many cases, for which Theorem 2 applies to deliver the same maximum power <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_m</tex> . <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_m</tex> depends on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> and on another quality factor <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> of the generator. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P_m</tex> is small if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q \ll q</tex> , as may be the case if the generator is a short receiving antenna.
Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root for the treatment of chronic facial pain (1995)

Between March 1990 and December 1992, 23 patients with chronic intractable facial pain due to various forms of injury to the trigeminal nerve or nerve root underwent implantation of an electrical stimulating system to treat their pain. All patients had failed previous extensive pain treatment efforts. A monopolar platinum-iridium electrode was implanted on the trigeminal nerve root via percutaneous puncture of the foramen ovale. All patients experienced at least 50% reduction in pain intensity during a period of trial stimulation and underwent internalization of the electrode and connection to a completely implanted pulse generator. Independent assessment of the effect of stimulation was obtained by a specially trained nurse practitioner. Over a mean follow-up period of 24 months, six patients reported nearly complete relief of pain and six others reported at least a 50% reduction in pain intensity using a visual analog scale. Thus, 12 (52%) of the 23 patients achieved 50% or greater reduction in pain intensity. Although changes in the patterns of analgesic medication usage were few, six patients (26%) now experience a normal life style. Only one complication was seen, namely a dislocated electrode, which was easily replaced. Chronic electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root appears to be an easy and safe technique for providing relief of chronic facial pain related to injury to the trigeminal nerve in a significant number of patients.
ADVANCED VEHICLE MONITORING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR BUS TRANSIT: BENEFITS AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY (1991)

This report analyzes the feasibility of advance motor vehicle monitoring and communication (AVMC) systems for bus transit in the United States. Such systems are widely used in Europe and Canada to provide more reliable and efficient bus services, but have seen little deployment in the U.S. Many systems are now available from both American and foreign vendors, and thus the question of whether or not to deploy such a system is coming to the forefront inn many transit agencies. In this report, the potential benefits of such a system are discussed, including benefits to current and new riders in the form of better service, to the agency in the form of increased revenues and reduced costs, and to ccommunities in a variety of ways includidng town Watch functions. This sets the stage for a discussion of the actual experince of foreign and domestic agencies that have introduced such systems with both costs and benefits. A method for evaluating the feasibility of AVMC systems is presented, for both outright purchase and for leasing - a very attractive alternative that conserves scarce capital resources. Calculations for typical U.S. conditions suggest that these systems should be quite cost effective, improving both agency finances and passenger satisfaction. Agencies should consider them carefully.
Assembled baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein virus-like particles are recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and induce high titres of neutralizing antibodies (1994)

Baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) major capsid protein (L1) virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced in insect cells and purified on CsCl density gradients. The VLPs retained conformational neutralizing epitopes that were detected by a series of HPV-11-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Electron microscopy determined that the HPV-11 L1 VLPs were variable in size with a surface topography similar to that of infectious HPV-11. The VLPs were very antigenic, and induced high titres of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and mice when used as an immunogen without commercial preparations of adjuvant. These VLP reagents may be effective vaccines for protection against HPV infections.
AND‐34/BCAR3 differs from other NSP homologs in induction of anti‐estrogen resistance, cyclin D1 promoter activation and altered breast cancer cell morphology (2007)

Over-expression of AND-34/BCAR3/NSP2 (BCAR3) or its binding-partner p130Cas/BCAR1 generates anti-estrogen resistance in human breast cancer lines. Here, we have compared BCAR3 to two related homologs, NSP1 and NSP3/CHAT/SHEP, with regards to expression, anti-estrogen resistance, and signaling. BCAR3 is expressed at higher levels in ERalpha-negative, mesenchymal, than in ERalpha-positive, epithelial, breast cancer cell lines. Characterization of "intermediate" epithelial-like cell lines with variable ER-alpha expression reveals that BCAR3 expression correlates with both mesenchymal and ERalpha-negative phenotypes. Levels of the BCAR3/p130Cas complex correlate more strongly with the ERalpha-negative, mesenchymal phenotype than levels of either protein alone. NSP1 and NSP3 are expressed at lower levels than BCAR3 and without correlation to ERalpha/mesenchymal status. Among NSP-transfectants, only BCAR3 transfectants induce anti-estrogen resistance and augment transcription of cyclin D1 promoter constructs. Over-expression of all homologs results in activation of Rac, Cdc42 and Akt, suggesting that these signals are insufficient to induce anti-estrogen resistance. BCAR3 but not NSP1 nor NSP3 transfectants show altered morphology, transitioning from polygonal cell groups to rounded, single cells with numerous blebs. Whereas stable over-expression of BCAR3 in MCF-7 cells does not lead to classic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, it does result in down-regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion and augmentation of fibronectin expression. These studies suggest that BCAR's ability to induce anti-estrogen resistance is greater than that of other NSP homologs and may result from altered interaction of breast cancer cells with each other and the extracellular matrix.
The Occurrence of Three Isoforms of Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Sulfotransferase Having Different Specificities for Hexuronic Acid Adjacent to the TargetedN-Sulfoglucosamine (2000)

We previously cloned heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (HS6ST) (Habuchi, H., Kobayashi, M., and Kimata, K. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9208-9213). In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of three mouse isoforms of HS6ST, a mouse homologue to the original human HS6ST (HS6ST-1) and two novel HS6STs (HS6ST-2 and HS6ST-3). The cDNAs have been obtained from mouse brain cDNA library by cross-hybridization with human HS6ST cDNA. The three cDNAs contained single open reading frames that predicted type II transmembrane proteins composed of 401, 506, and 470 amino acid residues, respectively. Amino acid sequence of HS6ST-1 was 51 and 57% identical to those of HS6ST-2 and HS6ST-3, respectively. HS6ST-2 and HS6ST-3 had the 50% identity. Overexpression of each isoform in COS-7 cells resulted in about 10-fold increase of HS6ST activity. The three isoforms purified with anti-FLAG antibody affinity column transferred sulfate to heparan sulfate and heparin but not to other glycosaminoglycans. Each isoform showed different specificity toward the isomeric hexuronic acid adjacent to the targeted N-sulfoglucosamine; HS6ST-1 appeared to prefer the iduronosyl N-sulfoglucosamine while HS6ST-2 had a different preference, depending upon the substrate concentrations, and HS6ST-3 acted on either substrate. Northern analysis showed that the expression of each message in various tissues was characteristic to the respective isoform. HS6ST-1 was expressed strongly in liver, and HS6ST-2 was expressed mainly in brain and spleen. In contrast, HS6ST-3 was expressed rather ubiquitously. These results suggest that the expression of these isoforms may be regulated in tissue-specific manners and that each isoform may be involved in the synthesis of heparan sulfates with tissue-specific structures and functions.
ANTIVIRAL ACTION OF DERIVATIVES OF ω‐AMINOACETOPHENONE (1958)

Numerous structural analogues of 3-amino-4-hydroxy-omega-methylaminoacetophenone were tested for their effect on the multiplication of influenza virus (FM(1) strain) in embryonated eggs, infected via the allantoic cavity. Antiviral activity was found in omega-aminoacetophenones containing an amino and hydroxyl group in the aromatic nucleus in the ortho or para positions to each other. The most powerful antiviral activity was found in the series of omega-alkylamino-5-amino-2:4-dihydroxyacetophenones. Derivatives of acetophenone with other substituents in the aromatic nucleus or in the aliphatic chain were without activity. In vitro, several analogues inactive in the egg test, as well as those which were active, exerted a virucidal and to a lesser extent a haemagglutinin-destroying action. Antiviral action in the allantoic test could not be prevented or inhibited by simultaneous administration of reducing substances, or of some amino-acids or vitamins. No inhibition of virus multiplication occurred in embryonated eggs infected via the yolk sac, or in mice infected intranasally with FM(1) virus. The activity in the allantoic test could be explained by the virucidal action of the compounds on the virus present in the allantoic fluid. No satisfactory interpretation of the empirical relationship between chemical structure and antiviral activity could be found.
A Simple Question Answering System. (2000)

. We describe our simple question answering system written in perl that uses the CMU Link parser (Sleator and Temperley 1991), Princeton University&amp;apos;s WordNet (Miller 1995), the REX system for XML parsing (Cameron 1998) and the Managing Gigabyte search engine (Witten, Mo#at and Bell 1999). This work is based on an MSc project (Cooper 2000).
Osteotropic Peptide That Differentiates Functional Domains of the Skeleton (2007)

HPMA copolymer-d-aspartic acid octapeptide (D-Asp8) conjugates have been found to target the entire skeleton after systemic administration. In a recent study using the ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, we surprisingly discovered that D-Asp8 would favorably recognize resorption sites in skeletal tissues, while another bone-targeting moiety, alendronate (ALN), directs the delivery system to both formation and resorption sites. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses reveal that ALN has a stronger binding force to hydroxyapatite (HA) than D-Asp8. In vitro HA binding studies indicate that D-Asp8 is more sensitive to change of HA crystallinity than ALN. Because the bone apatite in the newly formed bone (formation sites) usually has lower crystallinity than the resorption sites (mainly mature bone), we believe that the favorable recognition of D-Asp8 to the bone resorption sites could be attributed to its relatively weak binding to apatite, when compared to bisphosphonates, and the different levels of crystallinity of bone apatite at different functional domains of the skeleton.
Membrane glycoproteins involved in cell--substratum adhesion. (1981)

A combination of immunological and biochemical methods were used to identify surface membrane components involved in cell-substratum adhesion. Broad-spectrum antiserum, prepared against surface membranes from hamster cells, induced reversible rounding and detachment of hamster fibroblasts from a substratum in vitro. This phenomenon was inhibited by Nonidet P-40 extracts of hamster cells. Therefore, an antibody neutralization assay was developed to detect the presence of antigen during the fractionation of Nonidet P-40 extracts of cells. After two differential precipitation steps, anion exchange chromatography, and sequential lectin affinity chromatography, a fraction greatly enriched in ability to block antiserum-induced changes in cell adhesion and appearance was isolated. Analysis of this fraction by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a highly restricted group of glycoproteins with Mr approximately 140,000. A lectin-purified glycoprotein fraction was used to raise a higher titer antiserum that was able to induce reversible rounding and detachment of cells from a substratum and, when immobilized on an antibody affinity column, was able to bind and release material capable of blocking antiserum-induced cell rounding. These methods have allowed us to focus attention on a restricted group of glycoproteins that are integral constituents of the surface membrane and which play some as yet undetermined role in the process of cell--substratum adhesion.
Intrahepatic interleukin-2 with chemotherapy for unresectable liver metastases: a randomized multicenter trial. (1999)

Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy plus IL-2 resulted in an increased tumor response when compared with chemotherapy alone. To confirm the efficacy of this treatment protocol, we have started a large-scale, randomized, multi-institution trial.
ERCOS: An Operating System for Automotive Applications (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the concept of the operating system ERCOS (&lt;u&gt;E&lt;/u&gt;mbedded &lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;eal-time &lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;ontrol &lt;u&gt;O&lt;/u&gt;perating &lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ystem). ERCOS has been specially designed to meet the functionality and performance requirements in the area of automotive applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ever increasing functional requirements for modern electronic control units are introducing considerable complexity in the area of software development. It is well known that real-time operating systems provide powerful means to handle complex functions under real-time constraints. Past experience, however, has shown that the efficiency and flexibility of operating systems was very often inadequate for automotive applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To overcome these insufficiencies the operating system ERCOS has been designed with dedicated support for automotive requirements. This has been achieved by supplementing the run-time part of the operating system by powerful off-line tools. The off-line tools support the construction of reusable and modular software in real-time applications by virtue of an object-based model and a strict separation of system-independent functional design and the run-time configuration. Furthermore, they allow the optimization of calls to the operating system to achieve very high efficiency.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The major operating system concepts for scheduling, interprocess communication, guarantee of mutually exclusive access, timer handling and fault-tolerance as implemented in ERCOS are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Bosch will use ERCOS as a standard operating system platform for its automotive products. The operating system is compatible with the OSEK specification [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;OSE95&lt;/span&gt;] and has been passed to an independent software house &lt;span class="xref"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to make it available to third parties.&lt;/div&gt;
Exploring the affect of abstract motion in social human-robot interaction (2011)

We present our exploration of the emotional impact that abstract robot motion has on human-robot interaction (HRI). We argue for the importance of designing for the fundamental characteristics of physical robot motion as distinct from designing the robot's visual appearance or functional context. We discuss our design approach, the creation of an abstract robotic motion platform that is nearly formless and affordance-less, and our evaluation of the affect abstract motion had on more than thirty participants which interacted with our robotic platform in a series of studies. We detail our results and explain how different styles of robot motion were mapped to emotional responses in human observers. We believe that our findings can inform and provide important insight into the purposeful use of motion as a design tool in social human-robot interaction.
Rapid Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Bacteria in Feces by Multiplex PCR with Molecular Beacons on the Smart Cycler (2002)

We have developed a rapid (1-h) real-time fluorescence-based PCR assay with the Smart Cycler thermal cycler (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, Calif.) for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), as well as other Shiga toxin-producing bacteria. Based on multiple-sequence alignments, we have designed two pairs of PCR primers that efficiently amplify all variants of the Shiga toxin genes stx(1) and stx(2), respectively. These primer pairs were combined for use in a multiplex assay. Two molecular beacons bearing different fluorophores were used as internal probes specific for each amplicon. Assays performed with purified genomic DNA from a variety of STEC strains (n = 23) from diverse geographic locations showed analytical sensitivities of about 10 genome copies per PCR. Non-STEC strains (n = 20) were also tested, and no amplification was observed. The PCR results correlated perfectly with the phenotypic characterization of toxin production in both STEC and non-STEC strains, thereby confirming the specificity of the assay. The assay was validated by testing 38 fecal samples obtained from 27 patients. Of these samples, 26 were PCR positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2). Compared with the culture results, both the sensitivity and the negative predictive value were 100%. The specificity was 92%, and the positive predictive value was 96%. Moreover, this assay detected STEC from a sample in which the STEC concentration was at the limit of detection of the conventional culture methods and from a sample in which STEC was not detected by the conventional culture methods. This real-time PCR assay is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific and allows detection of all Shiga toxin-producing bacteria directly from fecal samples, irrespective of their serotypes.
Mismatch repair of heteroduplex DNA intermediates of extrachromosomal recombination in mammalian cells (1994)

Previous work indicated that extrachromosomal recombination in mammalian cells could be explained by the single-strand annealing (SSA) model. This model predicts that extrachromosomal recombination leads to nonconservative crossover products and that heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) is formed by annealing of complementary single strands. Mismatched bases in hDNA may subsequently be repaired to wild-type or mutant sequences, or they may remain unrepaired and segregate following DNA replication. We describe a system to examine the formation and mismatch repair of hDNA in recombination intermediates. Our results are consistent with extrachromosomal recombination occurring via SSA and producing crossover recombinant products. As predicted by the SSA model, hDNA was present in double-strand break-induced recombination intermediates. By placing either silent or frameshift mutations in the predicted hDNA region, we have shown that mismatches are efficiently repaired prior to DNA replication.
Long-term ACE Inhibition Doubles Lifespan of Hypertensive Rats (1997)

Lifelong ACE inhibition doubles lifespan in SHR-SP, matching that of normotensive WKY rats. This effect correlated with preservation of endothelial function, cardiac function/size, and metabolism. Thus, these data predict a beneficial outcome on survival in high-risk patients with hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases by ACE inhibition.
Development of a parenteral and of an oral formulation of albendazole with cyclodextrins (1999)

peer reviewed
Fomepizole for the Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning (1999)

In patients with ethylene glycol poisoning, fomepizole administered early in the course of intoxication prevents renal injury by inhibiting the formation of toxic metabolites.
A binary plasmid system for shuffling combinatorial antibody libraries. (1992)

We have used a binary system of replicon-compatible plasmids to test the potential for promiscuous recombination of heavy and light chains within sets of human Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial antibody libraries. Antibody molecules showed a surprising amount of promiscuity in that a particular heavy chain could recombine with multiple light chains with retention of binding to a protein antigen. The degree to which a given heavy chain productively paired with any light chain to bind antigen varied from 43% to 100% and depended strongly on the heavy-chain sequence. Such productive crosses resulted in a set of Fab fragments of similar apparent binding constants, which seemed to differ mainly in the amount of active Fab fragment produced in the bacterial cell. The dominance of the heavy chain in the antibody-antigen interaction was further explored in a set of directed crosses, in which heavy and light chains derived from antigen-specific clones were crossed with nonrelated heavy and light chains. In these crosses, an Fab fragment retained antigen binding only if it contained a heavy chain from an antigen-specific clone. In no case did the light chain confer detectable affinity when paired with indifferent heavy chains. The surprising promiscuity of heavy chains has ramifications for the evaluation of the diversity of combinatorial libraries made against protein antigens and should allow the combination of one such promiscuous heavy chain with an engineered light chain to form an Fab fragment carrying synthetic cofactors to assist in antibody catalysis.