gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction ofListeria monocytogeneswith Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: InlB-Dependent Invasion, Long-Term Intracellular Growth, and Spread from Macrophages to Endothelial Cells (1998)

Invasion of endothelial tissues may be crucial in a Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to meningitis and/or encephalitis. Internalization of L. monocytogenes into endothelial cells has been previously demonstrated by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a model system. However, during the crossing of the blood-brain barrier, L. monocytogenes most likely encounters brain microvascular endothelial cells which are strikingly different from macrovascular or umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the present study human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were used to study the interaction of L. monocytogenes with endothelial cells, which closely resemble native microvascular endothelial cells of the brain. We show that L. monocytogenes invades HBMEC in an InlB-dependent and wortmannin-insensitive manner. Once within the HBMEC, L. monocytogenes replicates efficiently over a period of at least 18 h, moves intracellularly by inducing actin tail formation, and spreads from cell to cell. Using a green fluorescent protein-expressing L. monocytogenes strain, we present direct evidence that HBMEC are highly resistant to damage by intracellularly growing L. monocytogenes. Infection of HBMEC with L. monocytogenes results in foci of heavily infected, but largely undamaged endothelial cells. Heterologous plaque assays with L. monocytogenes-infected P388D1 macrophages as vectors demonstrate efficient spreading of L. monocytogenes into HBMEC, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and epithelial cells, and this phenomenon is independent of the inlC gene product.
Hyaluronidases of Gram-positive bacteria (2000)

Bacterial hyaluronidases, enzymes capable of breaking down hyaluronate, are produced by a number of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria that initiate infections at the skin or mucosal surfaces. Since reports of the hyaluronidases first appeared, there have been numerous suggestions as to the role of the enzyme in the disease process. Unlike some of the other more well studied virulence factors, much of the information on the role of hyaluronidase is speculative, with little or no data to substantiate proposed roles. Over the last 5 years, a number of these enzymes from Gram-positive organisms have been cloned, and the nucleotide sequence determined. Phylogenetic analysis, using the deduced amino acid sequences of the Gram-positive hyaluronidases, suggests a relatedness among some of the enzymes. Molecular advances may lead to a more thorough understanding of the role of hyaluronidases in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of a Potent Radioiodinated and Photoactivatable Peptidic Oxytocin Antagonist (2001)

Using a segment strategy, we have synthesized four iodinated photoactivatable cyclic peptidic ligands of oxytocin, bearing a beta-mercapto-betabeta-cyclopentamethylene propionic group (Pmp) on their N-terminus. All the syntheses were RP-HPLC monitored, and the compounds were HPLC purified. They were characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF, or FAB mass spectrometries. The affinities of Pmp-Tyr(Me)-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Gly-Orn-Phe(3I,4N3)-NH2 (20), Pmp-Tyr-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Gly-Orn-Phe(3I,4N3)-NH2 (21), Pmp-Tyr(Me)-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Orn-Phe(3I,4N3)-NH2 (22), and Pmp-Tyr-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Orn-Phe(3I,4N3)-NH2 (23) were evaluated as inhibition constants (K(i), in nM) for the human oxytocin receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells by displacement of a radioiodinated disulfide-cyclized antagonist (Elands et al. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1987, 147, 197-207). The most potent of them, compound 22, was synthesized by another method in order to allow its radiolabeling by 125I. Its dissociation constant (K(d)) for the human oxytocin receptor, directly measured in saturation studies, was 0.25 +/- 0.04 nM, and its antagonist properties were determined by inactivation of phospholipase C, thus obtaining an inactivation constant (K(inact)) of 0.18 +/- 0.02 nM, evaluated by inositol phosphate accumulation. This compound is a very good tool for the mapping of peptidic antagonist binding sites in the human oxytocin receptor.
Using quality scores and longer reads improves accuracy of Solexa read mapping (2008)

Our results indicate that significant gains in Solexa read mapping performance can be achieved by considering the information in 3' ends of longer reads, and appropriately using the base-call quality scores. The RMAP tool we have developed will enable researchers to effectively exploit this information in targeted re-sequencing projects.
Progress Toward Diamond Power Field‐Effect Transistors (2018)

Diamond's properties (highest thermal conductivity, high hole &amp; electron mobilities, &amp; high electric breakdown field) predict that diamond field‐effect transistors (FETs) will have superior high‐power high‐frequency performance over FETs formed in other semiconductors. The development of diamond FETs is limited by a lack of quality substrates &amp; the high ionization energy of the primary dopant, boron (B). This high ionization energy results in a resistance too high for FETs. Fortunately, recent developments are addressing these shortcomings. Single‐crystal diamond substrates ≈4 inches have been demonstrated. Further, two approaches address the dopant issue. When the surface of diamond is terminated in H, a surface p‐type conductive layer forms. FETs made using this layer demonstrate competitive high‐frequency performance, though manufacturability of this type of device has yet to be worked out. The second solution to doping uses delta doping by B. A thin &lt;2‐nm layer doped with B at &gt;10 20 cm −3 is sandwiched within undoped diamond. This structure mitigates B's high ionization energy by producing an acceptor subband with ≈100% of the B is ionized. Recent reports of delta‐doped diamond have channel resistances suitable for device applications. This article reviews the state of the art for FET and substrate development.
A novel ubiquitous family of putative efflux transporters. (2000)

We describe a novel family of putative efflux transporters (PET) found in bacteria, yeast and plants. None of the members of the PET family has been functionally characterized. The bacterial and yeast proteins display a duplicated internal repeat element consisting of an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence of about 170 residues, exhibiting six putative transmembrane alpha-helical spanners (TMSs), followed by a large (230 residue), C-terminal, hydrophilic, cytoplasmic domain. The plant proteins exhibit only one such unit, but they have a larger C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Arabidopsis thaliana encodes at least seven paralogues of the PET family. The gram-negative bacterial proteins are sometimes encoded by genes that are found in operons that also contain genes that encode membrane fusion proteins. This fact strongly suggests that PET family proteins are efflux pumps. The sequence, topological and phylogenetic characteristics of these proteins as well as the operonic structures of their encoded genes when relevant are described.
Evaluation of Interleukins, ACTH, Cortisol and Prolactin Concentrations in the Blood of Patients with Parkinson's Disease (1996)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a markedly decreased number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is still unknown; among other etiological factors, immunological abnormalities have been suggested. Recently, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been hypothesized to be an endogenous cytokine that regulates striatal dopaminergic function. We examined the plasma concentrations of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and blood levels of ACTH, cortisol and prolactin of 21 patients with PD without any previous treatment. Age- and sex-matched subjects without any neurological or immune disorders were used as controls. Significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-2 in patients with PD were found. Treatment with antiparkinsonian drugs reduced IL-2 levels in these patients. Our results suggested a functional relationship between central dopaminergic and immune systems and a possible involvement of the latter in the pathogenesis of PD.
Phase Noise in LC Oscillators: A Phasor-Based Analysis of a General Result and of Loaded $Q$ (2009)

Recent work by Bank, and Mazzanti and Andreani has offered a general result concerning phase noise in nearly-sinusoidal inductance-capacitance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> ) oscillators; namely that the noise factor of such oscillators (under certain achievable conditions) is largely independent of the specific operation of individual transistors in the active circuitry. Both use the impulse sensitivity function (ISF). In this work, we show how the same result can be obtained by generalizing the phasor-based analysis. Indeed, as applied to nearly-sinusoidal LC oscillators, we show how the two approaches are equivalent. We analyze the negative-gm LC model and present a simple equation that quantifies output noise resulting from phase fluctuations. We also derive an expression for output noise resulting from amplitude fluctuations. Further, we extend the analysis to consider the voltage-biased LC oscillator and fully differential CMOS LC oscillator, for which the Bank's general result does not apply. Thus we quantify the concept of loaded <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> .
Posthatch development of small intestinal function in the poult (1999)

The size, morphology, and mucosal enzyme activity of small intestines in poults were determined from hatch to 12 d of age. Mass and length of the small intestines increased at different rates in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and mass increased more than length. Intestinal weight increased more rapidly then other body organs, reaching a peak at about Day 6, and then decreased. Examination of the morphology of the small intestine showed that villus height and area increased several fold in the jejunum and duodenum and less in the ileum over the period examined. Enterocyte size increased slightly in the initial posthatch period. Activities of mucosal enzymes also increased at different rates in the different intestinal segments and sucrase, maltase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities per gram of intestine peaked at 2 to 5 d posthatch before decreasing. Regional mucosal intestine activities exhibited a steady increase, which was highly correlated with BW and thus mucosal hydrolysis may be a determining step in digestion. Poult villus size and area were smaller and mucosal enzyme activity was lower than that found in broilers and this may explain the initial slower growth rate in poults.
DNA Binding Affinity of Bisguanidine and Bis(2-aminoimidazoline) Derivatives with in Vivo Antitrypanosomal Activity (2006)

A new antitrypanosomal hit compound that cures an acute (STIB 900) mouse model of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomiasis is described. This bis(2-aminoimidazolinium) dicationic compound proved to be an excellent DNA minor groove binder, suggesting a possible mechanism for its trypanocidal activity. From these studies, the 4,4'-diaminodiphenylamine skeleton emerged as a good scaffold for antitrypanosomal drugs.
Mutagenesis of a flexible loop in streptavidin leads to higher affinity for the Strep-tag II peptide and improved performance in recombinant protein purification (1997)

The Strep-tag, an artificial peptide ligand of streptavidin, has gained use as an affinity handle for the purification and detection of recombinant fusion proteins. In an attempt to achieve tighter complexation of the peptide, streptavidin was engineered and the amino acid residues 44-47 in the flexible loop from 44 to 53, which is close to the binding site, were subjected to random mutagenesis. A fusion between alkaline phosphatase and the Strep-tag II sequence, an improved version of the Strep-tag, was constructed as a molecular probe for peptide binding. By means of a filter-sandwich assay, two streptavidin mutants with significantly stronger binding activity for the Strep-tag II were thus identified from a library of Escherichia coli colonies. Both in an ELISA with the alkaline phosphatase fusion and in a fluorescence titration experiment with the synthetic Strep-tag II peptide, which carried an anthraniloyl group as chromophore, their affinities were found to be higher by more than one order of magnitude compared with wild-type streptavidin. The nature of the amino acid exchanges and an enhanced electrophoretic mobility of the streptavidin tetramers suggest an altered loop conformation to be part of the optimized binding mechanism. When one of the streptavidin mutants was immobilized on a chromatographic column it exhibited clearly improved performance in the purification of Strep-tag II fusion proteins, and desthiobiotin turned out to be a suitable reagent for mild competitive elution.
Invited review: Neuropathology of tauopathies: principles and practice (2014)

Tauopathies are clinically, morphologically and biochemically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain. The neuropathological phenotypes are distinguished based on the involvement of different anatomical areas, cell types and presence of distinct isoforms of tau in the pathological deposits. The nomenclature of primary tauopathies overlaps with the modern classification of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathological phenotypes comprise Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, primary age-related tauopathy, formerly called also as neurofibrillary tangle-only dementia, and a recently characterized entity called globular glial tauopathy. Mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein tau are associated with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. In addition, further neurodegenerative conditions with diverse aetiologies may be associated with tau pathologies. Thus, the spectrum of tau pathologies and tauopathy entities expands beyond the traditionally discussed disease forms. Detailed multidisciplinary studies are still required to understand their significance.
Effects of phospholipase A2 inhibitors on ruthenium red-induced Ca2+ release from mitochondria. (1985)

The pharmacologic agents verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, prenylamine, N-oleoylethanolamine, R 24571, trifluoperazine, dibucaine, and quinacrine are examined as potential inhibitors of rat liver mitochondrial phospholipase A2 acting on endogenous phospholipid. Their potency as inhibitors of the enzyme is compared to their activities as inhibitors of phospholipase A2-dependent swelling and ruthenium red-induced Ca2+ release in intact mitochondria. For verapamil, diltiazem, trifluoperazine, dibucaine, and quinacrine, there is complete agreement between the relative potencies as inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and the two other processes. Nifedipine and prenylamine, which are weak inhibitors of phospholipase A2, produce a permeable inner membrane, provided that the mitochondrial have accumulated Ca2+. R 24571, which strongly inhibits the enzyme, disrupts mitochondria by a Ca2+-independent mechanism. N-Oleoylethanolamine, which is an effective inhibitor of swelling, does not inhibit phospholipase A2 or ruthenium red-induced Ca2+ release. The results support a proposed scheme wherein ruthenium red-induced Ca2+ release is viewed as reverse activity of the Ca2+-uptake uniporter occurring subsequent to decline in the proton motive force. The latter effect is proposed to arise from a specific phospholipase A2-dependent increase in inner-membrane H+ conductance of mitochondrial subpopulations. It is further shown that mitochondrial membranes display cyclic oscillations in free fatty acid content which are not dependent on the presence of Ca2+ or on the capacity to generate acylcoenzyme A.
Structure and Reaction Pathway of TMP-Zincate:  Amido Base or Alkyl Base? (2006)

The novel directed ortho metalation (DoM) reagents for functionalized aromatic rings, TMP-Zn-ates (R2Zn(TMP)Li (R = Me, 1; tBu, 2)), have been reported to be synthetically useful for the chemo- and regioselective construction of multi-functionalized aromatic compounds. Here, we present the first comprehensive structural and mechanistic investigation by means of X-ray, NMR, and DFT studies on the DoM reaction employing our original TMP-Zn-ate base. The structures of TMP-Zn-ates in solution and in the solid state were determined. The DFT study strongly suggested that the deprotonation involving the TMP ligand on the TMP-Zn-ate is kinetically more favorable than that involving the alkyl ligand, and this view was supported by monitoring of the 13C NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture.
The complement system: pathophysiology and clinical relevance. (1999)

In the present article we review selected aspects of the complement system as a major determinant of innate immunity. Besides a detailed description of the components of the complement system, its mode of action, cellular receptors and regulatory control mechanisms, we have focused on the role of the complement system in mutual defence strategies of invading viral pathogens and the host. Since a detrimental activation of the complement cascade is a critical element of several pathological conditions in diverse organs, we summarise the role of a deteriorated complement system in dermatology, nephrology, neurology and xenotransplantation.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Structure of Some Substituted 4,6‐Pyrimidinediones (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PCR-targeted Streptomyces gene replacement identifies a protein domain needed for biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene soil odor geosmin (2003)

Streptomycetes are high G+C Gram-positive, antibiotic-producing, mycelial soil bacteria. The 8.7-Mb Streptomyces coelicolor genome was previously sequenced by using an ordered library of Supercos-1 clones. Here, we describe an efficient procedure for creating precise gene replacements in the cosmid clones by using PCR targeting and λ-Red-mediated recombination. The cloned Streptomyces genes are replaced with a cassette containing a selectable antibiotic resistance and oriT RK2 for efficient transfer to Streptomyces by RP4-mediated intergeneric conjugation. Supercos-1 does not replicate in Streptomyces , but the clones readily undergo double-crossover recombination, thus creating gene replacements. The antibiotic resistance cassettes are flanked by yeast FLP recombinase target sequences for removal of the antibiotic resistance and oriT RK2 to generate unmarked, nonpolar mutations. The technique has been used successfully by &gt;20 researchers to mutate around 100 Streptomyces genes. As an example, we describe its application to the discovery of a gene involved in the production of geosmin, the ubiquitous odor of soil. The gene, Sco6073 ( cyc2 ), codes for a protein with two sesquiterpene synthase domains, only one of which is required for geosmin biosynthesis, probably via a germacra-1 (10) E,5E -dien-11-ol intermediate generated by the sesquiterpene synthase from farnesyl pyrophosphate.
Novel Echogenic Drug-Immunoliposomes for Drug Delivery (2004)

We have developed a novel acoustic drug-liposomal agent that can deliver drugs to cultured cells. Although in vivo translation is required, this technique has potential for site-specific drug delivery.
Implication of steroid saponins and sapogenins in the hypocholesterolemic effect of fenugreek (1991)

The transformation of fenugreek subfractions, rich in steroid saponins, was studied upon their passage through the digestive tract to determine the contribution of saponins and/or diosgenin and other steroid sapogenins to the hypocholesterolemic effect of fenugreek seeds. Feces of alloxan diabetic dogs fed fenugreek subfractions were analyzed, and diosgenin, smilagenin and gitogenin were identified and measured using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our results show that saponins are, in part (about 57%), hydrolyzed into sapogenins in the digestive tract. It appears that saponins may be implicated, alone or together with diosgenin, in the observed hypocholesterolemic effect of fenugreek seeds in diabetic dogs.
Cisplatin, Radiation, and Adjuvant Hysterectomy Compared with Radiation and Adjuvant Hysterectomy for Bulky Stage IB Cervical Carcinoma (1999)

Adding weekly infusions of cisplatin to pelvic radiotherapy followed by hysterectomy significantly reduced the risk of disease recurrence and death in women with bulky stage IB cervical cancers.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy-induced vasculitis: case series. (2003)

As experience with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) therapy increases, there has been the expected emergence of reports on uncommon side effects. Large clinical trials identified the development of autoantibodies and postmarketing surveillance has identified problems including tuberculosis. There have been several case reports of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. We describe eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapies who developed presumed vasculitis, with different pathophysiologic causes. We discuss the literature and potential causal mechanisms, including disease activity, the role of autoantibodies, and shifts in T cell responses.
A flexible high voltage biphasic current-controlled stimulator (2006)

The efficiency of implantable stimulation systems depends in large proportion of the electrode-tissue interface condition and in the choice of appropriate stimuli waveform. In this paper, we present an integrated flexible stimuli generator dedicated for high current stimulation in large electrode-tissue contact impedance. The system, powered by a single 3.3 V supply level, includes an integrated high voltage generator in order to supplies the output stage with -10 V/+10 V. High voltage parts are implemented in a 9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip using a 0.8 um high voltage process. For area and power efficiency concern, the control unit of the whole device is implemented in a standard 0.18 um technology and use 1.96 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area. Preliminary results indicate that the stimuli generator can deliver a stimulating current of 2 mA in electrode-tissue impedance as high as 9.125 kOmega.
Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using Contegra® valved conduit: natural history and conduit performance under pressure (2006)

The Contegra conduit is widely applicable to RVOT reconstruction with satisfactory mid-term results. However, there is a significant incidence of conduit-related complications, particularly with the smaller conduits. Adverse performance was strongly associated with high RV/LV pressure ratio at completion of surgery. We would recommend cautious use of the conduits in patients with predicted high RV/LV pressure ratios, where careful monitoring of conduit performance is crucial. There is some element of unpredictability, which adds to the importance of close follow-up. Further studies are needed to explore the issues of thrombogenicity, degeneration, possible 'rejection', and the potential role of anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory modulation.
KH906, a recombinant human VEGF receptor fusion protein, is a new effective topical treatment for corneal neovascularization. (2011)

Topical administration of KH906 significantly inhibited alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in rabbits. The new eye drops of KH906 may have a broad application for human corneal neovascularization in the near future.