gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections (2004)

About six years ago, Greg Partyka and his colleagues at Amoco Research showed how an old technique (the Fourier transform) could be used effectively for seismic interpretation and visualization. This idea has come to be known as spectral decomposition. In recent years, many spectral decomposition techniques have been developed and utilized for stratigraphic analysis and direct hydrocarbon detection. With the refined spectral decomposition techniques now available, the low-frequency shadow beneath gas reservoirs is another old idea that has renewed importance and interest in the exploration community. Almost a decade ago, Dan Ebrom studied a variety of possible mechanisms for the low-frequency shadow and why it might be associated with hydrocarbons. He presented his analysis at the 1996 SEG Summer Research Workshop.
The 3D Wunderkammer: an indexing by placing approach to the image storage and retrieval (2003)

The explosion of storage media size and spread of the Internet have resulted in a huge amount of images and multimedia material that an average user has to deal with. The traditional use of filenames and directories is no longer sufficient. In contrast to keywording and a kind of content-based image retrieval, we introduce a novel approach to storing and retrieving images, and other multimedia material using an indexing by placing mechanism. The idea is to let the user place images in the 3D environment, where the user can easily find them again. The images can be collected, modified, and grouped together. The principles described in the paper are implemented in the 3D Wunderkammer system, a multi-user client-server application. The server is completely written in Java and the client runs in a standard Web browser with a standard VRML plug-in.
LDPC Code for Reduced Routing Decoder (2005)

A design approach that reduces the routing complexity in a VLSI implementation of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder is presented. An LDPC code is a linear-block code for forward error correction, attributed by a sparse parity-check matrix. Iterative decoding of this code is shown to yield Bit Error Rate (BER) performance approaching Shannon Limit. However, implementation of decoder for this code is difficult due to the routing requirements of its massive number of data-flow structures in decoding logic. We present a routing approach for a parallel LDPC decoder implementation by 1) analyzing the physical routability limitations and 2) designing the code parameters to limit the interconnect lengths to a bounded region. The approach does not compromise the BER performance, and yet achieves a much higher throughput resulting from significantly reduced wires lengths.
A robust measure of correlation between two genes on a microarray (2007)

When dealing with microarray data, which are known to be quite noisy, robust methods should be used. Specifically, robust distances, including the biweight correlation, should be used in clustering and gene network analysis.
Generalized Analytical Design Equations for Variable Slope Class-E Power Amplifiers (2006)

The Class-E power amplifier is widely used because of its high efficiency, resulting from switching at zero voltage and zero slope of the switch voltage. In this paper, we extend our general analytical solutions for the Class-E power amplifier to the ideal single-ended Variable Slope Class-E (Class-E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VS</sub> ) power amplifier which is switching at zero voltage but not necessarily at zero slope. It is shown that a Class-E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VS</sub> power amplifier can have higher tolerance to switch (transistor) output capacitance compared to the normal Class-E power amplifier; this higher tolerance can be exchanged for higher drain efficiency. The presented design equations for Class-E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VS</sub> power amplifiers give more degrees of freedom in the design and optimization of switching RF power amplifiers.
Sulfonylureas and Sulfonylcarbamates as New Non-Tetrazole Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. Discovery of a Highly Potent Orally Active (Imidazolylbiphenylyl)sulfonylurea (HR 720) (1995)

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of new potent nonpeptide non-tetrazole angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists are described. These compounds are 4-thioimidazole derivatives linked on N1 to a biphenylsulfonyl fragment by a methylene spacer. Different acidic sulfonamides such as sulfonylureas 12, sulfonylcarbamates 15, sulfonylamides 16, and sulfonylsulfonamides 17 have been investigated as replacements to the known potent tetrazole moiety at the 2'-biphenyl position. Their activity were evaluated by AII receptor binding assay as well as by in vivo (i.v. and po) assays such as inhibition of the AII-induced pressor response in pithed rats. Most of the synthesized sulfonyl derivatives showed nanomolar affinity for the AT1 receptor subtype. The N-propylsulfonylurea 12d and the ethyl sulfonylcarbamate 15b as representative members of this series exhibited high oral activity in the pithed rat model with ID50 values of 0.38 and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. Structure-activity relationships on the imidazole ring linked to the methylbiphenyl N-propylsulfonylurea fragment demonstrated similar features to those found in the corresponding tetrazole series. For both class of compounds, the linear butyl chain in position 2 and a carboxylic acid in position 5 were important for high in vitro and in vivo activity. In most cases, replacement of the carboxylic acid was detrimental to in vivo activity while maintaining the in vitro binding affinity. Introduction of a methylthio group in position 4 was found to enhance oral activity compared to compounds with chloro or other alkylthio, (polyfluoroalkyl)thio, and arylthio groups. 2-Butyl-4-(methylthio)-1-[[2'- [[[(propylamino)carbonyl]amino[sulfonyl](1,1'-biphenyl)-4- yl]methyl]-1-H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid (12d) as the most promising example of the series was synthesized as its dipotassium salt (50, HR 720). This compound 50 inhibited the specific binding of [125I]-AII to rat liver membranes with an IC50 value of 0.48 nM. In vivo, 50 dose-dependently inhibited the AII-induced pressor response in normotensive pithed rats (ID50 = 0.11 mg/kg i.v. and 0.7 mg/kg po). In addition, this compound produced a marked and long-lasting decrease in blood pressure in high renin animal models and proved to be superior to the corresponding tetrazole 45 as well as to DuP 753 or its active metabolite EXP 3174. Compound 50 has been selected for in-depth investigations and is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials.
Probability of introducing porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into Danish pig herds by imported spray-dried porcine plasma (2015)

This study provides preliminary and important information on the probability of introducing PEDV into the Danish pig population by use of SDPP. Currently PED is not a notifiable disease in the EU and uncertainty was present in our estimates due to possible underreporting in EU Member States, from which SDPP is imported into Denmark. In the future, PED might become a notifiable disease, and in such a case, new knowledge could become available on its epidemiology. Moreover, SDPP could be imported more safely if: producers find a way to substantiate freedom from disease (at least) in herds delivering blood for SDPP, the batch of blood tests negative for PEDV and conditions for processing/storage required by the international laws are respected.
High Efficiency 5 Min Transformation of Escherichia Coli (1996)

We report a simple, rapid, 5 min transformation protocol that produces 100% more transformants than the original calcium competent protocol of Mandel and Higa (1). There have been improvements on the transformation efficiency of 10 5 -10 6 colonies/g plasmid DNA (2); the best probably that of Hanahan (3) yielding 10 7 -10 9 . The highest rates are achieved using electroporation (10 9 -10 10 ). However, we experienced difficulties in electroporation of the repair deficient strain of Escherichia coli (BMH71-18 mut S) required in the Unique Site Mutagenesis (USE) technique (4) and examined factors effecting the efficiency of the calcium competent protocol. It is possible to transform cells in a fraction of the time recommended and vastly improve efficiency.
Joint detection with low computational complexity for hybrid TD-CDMA systems (2001)

In the hybrid multiple access technique time division-code division multiple access (TD-CDMA), both multiple-access interference and intersymbol interference (ISI) arise. In order to combat the overall interference, we propose four efficient joint detection schemes based on zero-forcing and minimum-mean square error criteria. By exploiting the Toeplitz-block structure of matrices and the asymptotic equivalence between finite-order Toeplitz matrices and circulant matrices, most computations can be carried out very efficiently through extensive use of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and independent DFT (IDFT) transforms. Performance results based on the UMTS scenario are presented.
Cytogenetic analysis of reconstituted one-cell mouse embryos derived from nuclear transfer of fetal male germ cells (1992)

Micromanipulation techniques were used to produce reconstituted one-cell mouse embryos after the fusion of fetal male germ cells 15.5 day post coitum with enucleated secondary oocytes. At this stage of development, male fetal germ cells are arrested at G1 of mitotic interphase. Two distinct populations of germ cells, differing in size and ploidy, were isolated from the genital ridge of a mid-term fetus. Oocytes that had received male germ cells from the population of smaller (mononuclear) germ cells developed as diploid one-cell reconstituted embryos. When the same procedures were used to produce reconstituted one-cell embryos using male fetal germ cells from a population of larger (multinucleate) cells, they exhibited ploidy of either 4x, 6x or 8x at metaphase of the first cell division. Although most reconstituted embryos (90 and 96%) developed to the two-cell stage, the proportion of embryos receiving small germ cells developed to blastocysts was much higher (62%) than that receiving large germ cells (4%). These studies indicate that not all fetal germ cells are diploid before the onset of meiosis and have identified procedures to produce reconstituted embryos from fetal germ cells that do not carry genome or chromosome anomalies.
Encapsulation of <I>Trans</I>-Dehydrocrotonin in Liposomes: An Enhancement of the Antitumor Activity (2013)

The aim of this study was the encapsulation of trans-dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN) and its inclusion complexes with hydropropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) in liposomes to improve t-DCTN antitumor activity. The in vitro kinetic profiles of t-DCTN-loaded liposomes (LD) and t-DCTN:HP-beta-CD-loaded liposomes (LC) were evaluated using the dialysis technique. The antitumor activity of LD and LC were investigated against Sarcoma 180 in Swiss mice. Histopathological and hematological analyses were carried out. The amounts of t-DCTN and t-DCTN:HP-beta-CD inclusion complex encapsulated in liposomes were equivalent to 1 mg of t-DCTN. The encapsulation efficiencies of LD and LC were 95.0 +/- 3.8% and 91.1 +/- 5.6%, respectively. In relation to kinetics, the drug release profiles of t-DCTN are in substantial agreement with the Fickian model. The treatment of animals with LD and LC produced tumor inhibitions of 79.4 +/- 9.6% and 63.5 +/- 5.5%, respectively. The liposomal encapsulation of t-DCTN by entrapment in the phospholipid bilayer increased at twice the antitumor activity. Moreover, the liposomal formulations reduced the hepatotoxicity effect of the drug and no significant hematological toxicity was observed in the treated animals. However, the counting of platelets was slightly decreased. Thus, the results show that the development of liposomal formulations containing t-DCTN or t-DCTN:HP-beta-CD is an important advance for enabling this drug to be use in therapy.
Simple technique for long term central venous access in the patient with thrombocytopenic carcinoma. (1991)

A technique for the insertion of a central venous access device in the patient with thrombocytopenia is described. Using the Seldinger technique, a wire is placed into the internal jugular vein. A catheter tunneled from the anterior part of the chest is inserted through a peel-away sheath into the central venous system. The incision is then closed.
Chip-Based Comparison of the Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Mechanical Stimulation (2012)

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered as an attractive stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We compared human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hASCs under dynamic hydraulic compression to evaluate and compare osteogenic abilities. A novel micro cell chip integrated with microvalves and microscale cell culture chambers separated from an air-pressure chamber was developed using microfabrication technology. The microscale chip enables the culture of two types of stem cells concurrently, where each is loaded into cell culture chambers and dynamic compressive stimulation is applied to the cells uniformly. Dynamic hydraulic compression (1 Hz, 1 psi) increased the production of osteogenic matrix components (bone sialoprotein, oateopontin, type I collagen) and integrin (CD11b and CD31) expression from both stem cell sources. Alkaline phosphatase and Alrizarin red staining were evident in the stimulated hMSCs, while the stimulated hASCs did not show significant increases in staining under the same stimulation conditions. Upon application of mechanical stimulus to the two types of stem cells, integrin (β1) and osteogenic gene markers were upregulated from both cell types. In conclusion, stimulated hMSCs and hASCs showed increased osteogenic gene expression compared to non-stimulated groups. The hMSCs were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and more effective towards osteogenic differentiation than the hASCs under these modes of mechanical stimulation.
A double authentication scheme to detect impersonation attack in link state routing protocols (2004)

In this paper, we present an authentication scheme to prevent impersonation attack in link state routing protocol. The existing authentication schemes are either simple to compute but vulnerable to attacks of too robust against attacks but has exponential computation cost. We introduce a double authentication (DA) scheme which provides authentication to the routing information data carried by link state routing packets. In this scheme every router needs to sign the routing data twice with two different keys using a group keying scheme, which is based on one-way hash function. Based on our performance assessment, we found that this scheme is simpler to implement, computationally efficient and provides the degree of robustness desired with less communication overhead but has higher memory requirement.
The vortex concentrator for suspended solids treatment (2003)

The use of vortex concentrators is becoming increasingly popular for suspended solids reduction in combined sewer overflows and stormwater. This study is a laboratory investigation of the use of vortex concentrators to reduce the solids concentration of synthesized stormwater. The synthesized stormwater was made with water and addition of particles; sand, granular activated carbon, and sewer sediments. The vortex concentrator was made of acryl resin 300 mm in diameter. To determine the efficiency for various influent suspended solids (SS) concentrations, tests were performed with different SS concentrations. The samples were taken simultaneously at the influent storage tank and effluent tank, and measured SS concentrations. The range of surface loading rates were 120 to 850 m3/m2/day, and influent SS concentrations were varied from 300 to 5,000 mg/L. To determine the optimum coagulant dosage, jar tests were conducted with coagulants such as PAM and PAC. It was found that optimum coagulant and its dosage were PAM and 2 mg/L. The overall SS removal efficiency of the vortex concentrator for typical stormwater was estimated at about 65%. With an increase of SS concentration, the removal efficiency was increased. Since the SS concentration of stormwater was higher than 1,000 mg/L, the removal efficiency of the vortex concentrator for stormwater could be estimated to be 65-70%. The SS removal efficiency was increased with an increase of retention time, and the optimum retention time was 0.15-1.0 minutes. With an increase of the foul to overflow Q(F)/Q(o), a key parameter for vortex concentrator operation, the removal efficiency was increased. An alternative solution to improve treatment efficiency might be to set a follow-up retention basin. Based on a series of settling tests on the treated overflow water from the vortex concentrator, 5 to 10 minutes hydraulic retention time in a follow-up retention basin would substantially improve the results.
Application of the DCT energy histogram for face recognition (2004)

Abstract-- In this paper, we investigate the face recognition problem via energy histogram of the DCT coefficients. Several issues related to the recognition performance are discussed, in particular the issue of histogram bin sizes and feature sets. In addition, we propose a technique for selecting the classification threshold incrementally. Experimentation was conducted on the Yale face database and results indicated that the threshold obtained via the proposed technique provides a balanced recognition in term of precision and recall. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the energy histogram algorithm outperformed the well-known Eigenface algorithm. I.
Apoptosis induction of human lung cancer cell line in multicellular heterospheroids with humanized antiganglioside GM2 monoclonal antibody. (1999)

The chimeric antiganglioside GM2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) KM966, which showed high effector functions such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), potently suppressed growth and metastases of GM2-positive human cancer cells inoculated into mice. To further improve the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-GM2 MAb in humans, we constructed a humanized anti-GM2 MAb, KM8969. The humanized KM8969 was more efficient in supporting ADCC against GM2-positive human cancer cell lines than the chimeric KM966, whereas complement-dependent cytotoxicity was slightly reduced in the humanized KM8969. In addition, the humanized KM8969 was shown to exert potent ADCC mediated by both lymphocytes and monocytes. To investigate the effect of the humanized KM8969 on the biological function of GM2 in the condition physiologically mimicking formation and growth of cancer masses, the heterospheroids composed of normal human dermal fibroblasts and GM2-positive human lung cancer cells were developed. Interestingly, the humanized KM8969 gave rise to growth inhibition of heterospheroids without dependence of the effector functions. Morphological and immunocytochemical analysis suggested that the inhibitory effect was due to the apoptosis of GM2-positive cancer cells in the heterospheroids. The result indicates that GM2 captured by the antibody on the cell surface loses its physiological function that plays a critical role in maintaining the three-dimensional growth of cancer cells in contact with its own cells or other type of cells in a microenvironment. The humanized KM8969, which can destroy the cancer cells via blocking functional GM2 on the cell surface as well as the effector functions, would have extraordinary potential in human cancer therapy.
Gene Amplification and Drug Resistance in Cultured Murine Cells (1978)

Resistance of mouse cells to the folate analog, methotrexate, results from selection of increasingly resistant cells on progressive increases of methotrexate in the culture medium. High-level resistance is associated with high rates of synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase and correspondingly high numbers of reductase genes. In some variants high resistance and gene copy number are stable in the absence of selection pressure, whereas in others they are unstable. Analogies are made to antibiotic and insecticide resistance wherein selection of organisms with increased capacity to counteract the drug effect results in emergence of resistance. Gene amplification may underlie many such resistance phenomena.
Human β1,4 galactosyltransferase and α2,6 sialyltransferase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are retained as active enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (1994)

Biosynthesis and intracellular transport of recombinant human full-length beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase (GT) and full-length alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase (ST) were investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, enzymic activity of recombinant GT (rGT) in crude homogenates of S. cerevisiae could successfully be demonstrated [Krezdorn, C., Watzele, G., Kleene, R. B., Ivanov, S. X. & Berger, E. G. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 212, 113-120]. In the present work, we show that, in yeast strains transformed with plasmid pDPSIA containing the cDNA coding for human ST, rST enzymic activity using asialo-fetuin or N-acetyllactosamine as acceptor substrates could readily be detected. Analysis by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the disaccharide product of rGT, as recently reported, and the trisaccharide product of rST demonstrated that only the expected glycosidic linkages were formed. Following mechanical disruption of yeast cells, both enzymes sedimented with a fraction enriched in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and were activated by Triton X-100 3-5-fold. rGT and rST could be immunoprecipitated from their [35S]Met-labelled transformed yeast extracts using polyclonal antibodies raised against fusion proteins consisting of beta-galactosidase-GT or beta-galactosidase-ST, respectively, expressed in Escherichia coli. For rGT a single glycosylated form of apparent molecular mass 48 kDa was reported, but for rST two main bands corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 48 kDa and 44 kDa, respectively, were detected. Immunoprecipitation from either tunicamycin-treated [35S]Met-labelled transformed yeast cells or labelling with radio-active sugars both indicated that the 44-kDa form of rST was non-glycosylated and that the 48-kDa form of rST was core N-glycosylated. In addition, core glycosylation of both recombinant enzymes demonstrated that they were competent for translocation across the ER membranes. However, the 44-kDa form of rST was converted to the 48-kDa glycosylated form only slowly, suggesting a mechanism of posttranslational translocation. Absence of hyperglycosylation of rST and rGT in wild type and lack of the Golgi-specific man-alpha 1,6-man epitope suggest that the recombinant enzymes did not enter the yeast Golgi apparatus. These results indicated that both rGT and rST are retained as enzymically active enzymes in the ER of yeast and suggest a ribonucleoprotein-independent import of rST into the ER.
Evaluation of Osteopontin as Biomarker for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2004)

Serum OPN may have utility as a diagnostic marker in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Hyperhidrosis: A Comprehensive and Practical Approach to Patient Management (2006)

Approximately 60 healthcare professionals and related industry leaders (including representatives from over-the-counter antiperspirant manufacturers, as well as pharmaceutical companies) gathered i...
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS. 140. A NOVEL PHOTOCHEMICAL (3 + 2) CYCLOADDITION OF 3‐CYANO‐5,5‐DIMETHYL‐2‐CYCLOHEXENONE TO OLEFINS (1983)

Abstract Das Cyan‐cyclohexenon (I) reagiert mit den Olefinen (IIa) und (IIb) zu den Addukten (III) und (IV).