gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
고등학교 교사들의 인식 분석을 통한 대학입학사정관제의 학교생활기록부 평가방법 고찰 (2009)

본 연구는 고등학교 교사들의 인식을 통해 대학입학사정관제의 학교생활기록부 내 교과영역 및 비교과영역의 평가방안을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 연구방법으로는 조사연구, 심층 집단면담을 사용하였다. P시의 4개 지역교육청의 266명의 고등학교 3학년 담당교사들이 조사연구에 참여하였으며, 부장교사 6명으로 심층집단면담을 하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 첫째, 교사들은...
An automated system to mount cryo-cooled protein crystals on a synchrotron beamline, using compact sample cassettes and a small-scale robot (2002)

An automated system for mounting and dismounting pre-frozen crystals has been implemented at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). It is based on a small industrial robot and compact cylindrical cassettes, each holding up to 96 crystals mounted on Hampton Research sample pins. For easy shipping and storage, the cassette fits inside several popular dry-shippers and long-term storage Dewars. A dispensing Dewar holds up to three cassettes in liquid nitrogen adjacent to the beam line goniometer. The robot uses a permanent magnet tool to extract samples from, and insert samples into a cassette, and a cryo-tong tool to transfer them to and from the beam line goniometer. The system is simple, with few moving parts, reliable in operation and convenient to use.
Problems Faced by Children of Alcoholics Admitted in Selected De-Addiction Centers in Mangalore (2012)

Alcoholism is a family disease which affects the children with the same intensity that it affects the wife, in fact even more. Children of alcoholic families are at greater risk for poor psychosocial adjustments like guilt, embarrassment, confusion, anger, depression, poor peer relationship, school problems and health problems. Compared to Western countries Indian literature with regard to the psychosocial aspects of children of alcoholics is scanty. The study aimed to find out the Problems faced by the children of alcoholic fathers attending selected de- addiction centers in Mangalore. An explorative survey approach was adopted for the study. In the present study the sample consisted of 60 children(10 to 14 years) of alcoholic fathers. The data collection tool included Rating scale to assess the problems faced by the children of alcoholic fathers and baseline performa. Among 60 samples 16.6% had severe, 61.7% moderate and 21.7% of them experienced mild degree of problems due to their father's alcoholism. The chi- square values between degree of problems faced by the children and selected variables like age, sex, birth order of children, income of family, duration of father's alcoholism and treatment received for alcoholism were not significant at 0.05. The focus of health practitioners is directed towards primary prevention. The study concluded that nursing personnel, who comes in closer contact with the children of alcoholic fathers, can identify the problems of these children and to cope successfully with emotionally hazardous Experience and to develop a close bond with the caregiver.
The Effect of Minor-Groove Hydrogen-Bond Acceptors and Donors on the Stability and Replication of Four Unnatural Base Pairs (2003)

The stability and replication of DNA containing self-pairs formed between unnatural nucleotides bearing benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, and benzotriazole nucleobases are reported. These nucleobase analogues are based on a similar scaffold but have different hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor groups that are expected to be oriented in the duplex minor groove. The unnatural base pairs do not appear to induce major structural distortions and are accommodated within the constraints of a B-form duplex. The differences between these unnatural base pairs are manifest only in the polymerase-mediated extension step, not in base-pair stability or synthesis. The benzotriazole self-pair is extended with an efficiency that is only 200-fold less than a correct natural base pair. The data are discussed in terms of available polymerase crystal structures and imply that further modifications may result in unnatural base pairs that can be both efficiently synthesized and extended, resulting in an expanded genetic alphabet.
On Mutual Information Maximization for Representation Learning (2020)

Many recent methods for unsupervised or self-supervised representation learning train feature extractors by maximizing an estimate of the mutual information (MI) between different views of the data. This comes with several immediate problems: For example, MI is notoriously hard to estimate, and using it as an objective for representation learning may lead to highly entangled representations due to its invariance under arbitrary invertible transformations. Nevertheless, these methods have been repeatedly shown to excel in practice. In this paper we argue, and provide empirical evidence, that the success of these methods cannot be attributed to the properties of MI alone, and that they strongly depend on the inductive bias in both the choice of feature extractor architectures and the parametrization of the employed MI estimators. Finally, we establish a connection to deep metric learning and argue that this interpretation may be a plausible explanation for the success of the recently introduced methods.
Comparison of Numerical and Physical Models for Understanding Shear Fracture Processes (2006)

An understanding of the formation of shear fractures is important in many rock engineering design problems. Laboratory experiments have been performed to determine the Mode II fracture toughness of Mizunami granite rock samples using a cylindrical ‘punch-through’ testing device. In this paper we attempt to understand and interpret the experimental results by numerical simulation of the fundamental shear fracture initiation and coalescence processes, using a random array of displacement discontinuity crack elements. It is found that qualitative agreement between the experimental and numerical results can be established, provided that shear-like micro-scale failure processes can be accommodated by the failure initiation rules that are used in the numerical simulations. In particular, it is found that the use of an exclusively tension-driven failure initiation rule does not allow the formation of macro-shear structures. It is apparent, also, that further investigation is required to determine how consistent rules can be established to link micro-failure criteria to equivalent macro-strength and toughness properties for a macro-shear slip surface.
Anisotropic etching of Al by a directed Cl2 flux (1986)

A new Al etching technique is described that uses an ion beam from a Kaufman ion source and a directed Cl2 flux. The ion beam is used primarily to remove the native oxide to allow the Cl2 to spontaneously react with the Al film forming volatile Al2Cl6. By controlling both the flux equivalent pressure of Cl2 and the ion beam current, this etching technique makes possible the anisotropic etching of Al with etch rates from 100 nm min−1 to nearly 10 μm min−1 with a high degree of selectivity.
Migrating Sockets for networking with quality of service guarantees (2002)

Migrating Sockets is the protocol processing component of an end system architecture designed for networking with QoS guarantees. The architecture provides: (1) adaptive rate-controlled scheduling of protocol threads in Migrating Sockets, (2) rate-based flow control for reserved rate connections in future integrated services networks, and (3) a constant overhead active demultiplexing mechanism. Migrating Sockets achieves its efficiency by allowing user applications to manage a network endpoint with minimal system intervention, providing user level protocols read-only access to routing information in a "well-known" shared memory region, and integrating efficient kernel level support we previously built. It is backward compatible with Unix semantics and Berkeley sockets, and has been used to implement Internet protocols such as TCP, UDP and IP (including IP multicast). We also show that active demultiplexing supported by Migrating Sockets can be transparently enabled in wide-area TCP/IP internetworking (although it is not restricted to TCP/IP). We have an implementation of Migrating Sockets in Solaris 2.5. We discuss our implementation experience, and present performance results of our system running on the Ultra-1, SPARC 10 and SPARC 20 architectures.
The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement. (2010)

These findings suggest that application of a PEMF can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.
Angiogenesis in osteoarthritis and spondylosis: successful repair with undesirable outcomes (2004)

Reconceptualizing osteoarthritis and spondylosis as reparative processes provides a pathologic model consistent with current advice to exercise, when exercise facilitates repair. Repair does not, however, lead to normal tissue, and understanding the mechanisms by which changes in joint innervation may occur as a consequence of angiogenesis should lead to novel therapies that alleviate the common symptoms of these highly prevalent conditions.
Lisuride combined with levodopa in advanced Parkinson disease (1981)

Lisuride, a semisynthetic ergoline and potent central dopamine and serotonin agonist, was combined with levodopa in 20 patients with advanced Parkinson disease who were no longer responding satisfactorily to levodopa, including 14 patients with "on-off' phenomena. Every patient who completed the 8-week trial improved significantly (p greater than or equal to 0.01), with a decrease in all symptoms. The mean dose of lisuride was 2.4 mg per day. The dose of levodopa (mg of levodopa in Sinemet) was reduced from 1030 to 920 mg. Among the patients with "on-off' phenomena, there was a significant increase in the time in which they were 'on' (mobile) from 4.6 to 9.6 hours. In 5 of 10 patients who have been on lisuride for at least 1 year, there has been no decline in efficacy.
How to best measure HIV reservoirs? (2013)

In conclusion, there is a compelling need for investigators to optimize assays and share protocol reagents and specimens to permit the validation, comparison, and standardization of techniques. There is an important need for validated, high-throughput, sensitive, and accurate assays that can detect changes in HIV reservoir size in order to assess the impact of candidate therapies.
Vaccine To Confer to Nonhuman Primates Complete Protection against Multistrain Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections (2008)

Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) are among the deadliest viruses known to mankind, with mortality rates nearing 90%. These pathogens are highly infectious through contact with infected body fluids and can be easily aerosolized. Additionally, there are currently no licensed vaccines available to prevent filovirus outbreaks. Their high mortality rates and infectious capabilities when aerosolized and the lack of licensed vaccines available to prevent such infectious make Ebola and Marburg viruses serious bioterrorism threats, placing them both on the category A list of bioterrorism agents. Here we describe a panfilovirus vaccine based on a complex adenovirus (CAdVax) technology that expresses multiple antigens from five different filoviruses de novo. Vaccination of nonhuman primates demonstrated 100% protection against infection by two species of Ebola virus and three Marburg virus subtypes, each administered at 1,000 times the lethal dose. This study indicates the feasibility of vaccination against all current filovirus threats in the event of natural hemorrhagic fever outbreak or biological attack.
New approaches to the analysis of palindromic sequences from the human genome: evolution and polymorphism of an intronic site at the NF1 locus (2005)

The nature of any long palindrome that might exist in the human genome is obscured by the instability of such sequences once cloned in Escherichia coli. We describe and validate a practical alternative to the analysis of naturally-occurring palindromes based upon cloning and propagation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With this approach we have investigated an intronic sequence in the human Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) locus that is represented by multiple conflicting versions in GenBank. We find that the site is highly polymorphic, exhibiting different degrees of palindromy in different individuals. A side-by-side comparison of the same plasmids in E.coli versus. S.cerevisiae demonstrated that the more palindromic alleles were inevitably corrupted upon cloning in E.coli, but could be propagated intact in yeast. The high quality sequence obtained from the yeast-based approach provides insight into the various mechanisms that destabilize a palindrome in E.coli, yeast and humans, into the diversification of a highly polymorphic site within the NF1 locus during primate evolution, and into the association between palindromy and chromosomal translocation.
T-Bet Polymorphisms Are Associated with Asthma and Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2005)

These data suggest that T-bet variation contributes to airway responsiveness in asthma.
CMOS RF: (still) no longer an oxymoron (2003)

As CMOS continues to evolve along predicted trajectories, its suitability for RF applications only improves. Peak device f/sub T/ is /spl sim/40 GHz for 0.25 /spl mu/m technology and should double roughly every three years if established trends continue. The growing number of interconnect layers benefits passive components as well, such as lateral flux (e.g., fractal) capacitors, accumulation-mode varactors, and shielded inductors and transformers. Coplanar waveguides of reasonable quality are enabled also, and were recently used in a distributed amplifier with a 23 GHz unity-gain frequency, and in a 17 GHz distributed oscillator. Device F/sub min/ is well under 0.5 dB at 1-2 GHz, allowing practical LNA NFs in the /spl sim/1 dB range on <10 mW of power, while new insights into device noise scaling have eased concerns about hot carrier noise enhancement. Exploitation of a new phase noise theory has allowed a 1.8 GHz oscillator to exhibit under -121 dBc/Hz phase noise @600 kHz offset, with on-chip spiral inductors and 6 mW of power, by using symmetry to suppress the effect of 1/f device noise. The 17 GHz distributed oscillator also achieves a phase noise better than -110 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz on 52 mW of power. These developments have most recently resulted in a 0.25 /spl mu/m 5 GHz LNA/mixer/synthesizer that exhibits 5 dB overall NF and -2 dBm IIP3 on 45 mW of power.
Trauma systems, shock, and resuscitation. (1993)

This review of early care covers issues pertaining to the analysis of system function, prehospital intravascular volume replacement, diagnosis of proximity vascular injury, the role of emergency thoracotomy, and the value of transesophageal echocardiography. The first six articles deal with various aspects of system function, from triage to analysis of outcome. The next series of articles reviews work in progress evaluating optimal fluid for resuscitation. Hypertonic saline and dextran combinations have been shown to restore vital signs better than isotonic solutions; they are safe, require smaller volumes, and may improve head injury outcome. Danger lies in the restoration of perfusion without hemorrhage control. Two articles on emergency thoracotomy review the indications and outcome in blunt and penetrating trauma. Survival in blunt trauma is virtually zero. An article and two editorials summarize state of the art for diagnosis and treatment of proximity vascular injury. Two articles describe the potential use of the new technique of transesophageal echocardiography. This new modality has not formed a solid indication at present and can be considered investigational in trauma care.
Multimerin is found in the alpha-granules of resting platelets and is synthesized by a megakaryocytic cell line. (1993)

In this report, we describe the intracellular localization of multimerin in platelets and its biosynthesis by Dami cells, a megakaryocytic cell line. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to examine frozen thin sections of resting and activated platelets. Multimerin was localized within the platelet alpha-granule in an eccentric position. Within activated platelets, multimerin was found in the surface-connected open cannalicular system and on the external plasma membrane. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry demonstrated multimerin in normal megakaryocytes and in Dami cells after stimulation with PMA. Confirmation of multimerin biosynthesis by Dami cells was obtained by metabolic labeling studies. Both platelet and Dami cell multimerin demonstrated several subunit sizes on reduced SDS-PAGE. However, peptide mapping confirmed structural homology between the different multimerin subunits. Glycosidase digestion demonstrated that multimerin is heavily glycosylated with mainly complex, N-linked carbohydrate. In contrast to the multimerin isolated from platelets, cultured Dami cells secreted mainly smaller multimers of the protein. Biosynthesis of multimerin by a megakaryocytic cell line supports endogenous biosynthesis by megakaryocytes as the origin of this platelet alpha-granule protein.
Myc/Max and other helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins bend DNA toward the minor groove. (1992)

A distinct family of DNA-binding proteins is characterized by the presence of adjacent "basic," helix-loop-helix, and leucine zipper domains. Members of this family include the Myc oncoproteins, their binding partner Max, and the mammalian transcription factors USF, TFE3, and TFEB. Consistent with their homologous domains, these proteins bind to DNA containing the same core hexanucleotide sequence CACGTG. Analysis of the conformation of DNA in protein-DNA complexes has been undertaken with a circular permutation assay. Large mobility anomalies were detected for all basic/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins tested, suggesting that each protein induced a similar degree of bending. Phasing analysis revealed that basic/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins orient the DNA bend toward the minor groove. The presence of in-phase spacing between adjacent binding sites for this family of proteins in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer suggests the possible formation of an unusual triple-bended structure and may have implications for the activities of Myc.
Beneficial Influence of Platelets on Antibiotic Efficacy in an In Vitro Model ofStaphylococcus aureus-Induced Endocarditis (2004)

Platelets contribute to antimicrobial host defense against infective endocarditis (IE) by releasing platelet microbicidal proteins (PMPs). We investigated the influence of thrombin-stimulated human platelets on the evolution of simulated IE in the presence and absence of vancomycin or nafcillin. Staphylococcus aureus strains differing in intrinsic susceptibility to PMPs or antibiotics were studied: ISP479C (thrombin-induced PMP-1 [tPMP-1] susceptible; nafcillin and vancomycin susceptible), ISP479R (tPMP-1 resistant; nafcillin and vancomycin susceptible), and GISA-NJ (tPMP-1 intermediate-susceptible; vancomycin intermediate-susceptible). Platelets were introduced and thrombin activated within the in vitro IE model 30 min prior to inoculation with S. aureus. At 0 to 24 h postinoculation, bacterial densities in chamber fluid and simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs) were quantified and compared among groups. Activated platelets alone, or in combination with antibiotics, inhibited the proliferation of ISP479C in chamber fluid or SEVs over the initial 4-h period (P < 0.05 versus controls). Moreover, nafcillin-containing regimens exerted inhibitory effects beyond 4 h against ISP479C in both model phases. By comparison, activated platelets inhibited GISA-NJ proliferation in SEVs but not in chamber fluid. The combination of platelets plus nafcillin or vancomycin significantly inhibited proliferation of the GISA-NJ strain in SEVs compared to the effect of platelets or antibiotics alone (P < 0.05). In contrast, platelets did not significantly alter the antistaphylococcal efficacies of nafcillin or vancomycin against ISP479R. These data support our hypothesis that a beneficial antimicrobial effect may result from the interaction among platelets, PMPs, and anti-infective agents against antibiotic-susceptible or -resistant staphylococci that exhibit a tPMP-1-susceptible or -intermediate-susceptible phenotype.
Correlation of kinetic data of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-benzoyl-N-phenylnitrones with the homo energies of furan derivatives (1981)

Application of PMO treatment to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C-benzoyl-N-phenylnitrone with furan derivatives is described. Ionization potentials of 2-R-substituted furan derivatives (R = H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , CH 2 OH, CH 2 OCOCH 3 , C 6 H 5 , CHO) and 2,5-dimethylfurane representing experimental values of the HOMO energies have been determined from energies of the respective charge-transfer complexes with TCNE. Good correlation between IP and k 2 rate constants indicates that the reaction is controlled by the LUMO(nitrone)/HOMO(furan deriv.) interaction. Electron affinities of the furan derivatives were determined from IP and energies of π-π * transitions using empirical equation Δ E (π-π * ) = IP - EA -450.58 kJ mol -1 .
Chromosomal localization of human leukocyte, fibroblast, and immune interferon genes by means of in situ hybridization (1982)

Recombinant plasmids containing cDNA inserts from human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), or immune interferon (INF-gamma) genes were radiolabeled and hybridized in situ to human metaphase chromosome preparations. The results localized the human IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes to the short arm of chromosome 9(p21-->pter) and localized the IFN-gamma gene to the long arm of chromosome 12(q24.1).
Mechanism of the Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO2 Using β-Diiminate Zinc Catalysts:  Evidence for a Bimetallic Epoxide Enchainment (2003)

A series of zinc beta-diiminate (BDI) complexes and their solid-state structures, solution dynamics, and copolymerization behavior with CO(2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) are reported. Stoichiometric reactions of the copolymerization initiation steps show that zinc alkoxide and bis(trimethylsilyl)amido complexes insert CO(2), whereas zinc acetates react with CHO. [(BDI-2)ZnOMe](2) [(BDI-2) = 2-((2,6-diethylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] and (BDI-1)ZnO(i)Pr [(BDI-1) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] react with CO(2) to form [(BDI-2)Zn(mu-OMe)(mu,eta(2)-O(2)COMe)Zn(BDI-2)] and [(BDI-1)Zn(mu,eta(2)-O(2)CO(i)Pr)](2), respectively. (BDI-2)ZnN(SiMe(3))(2) inserts CO(2) and eliminates trimethylsilyl isocyanate to give [(BDI-2)Zn(mu-OSiMe(3))](2). [(BDI-7)Zn(mu-OAc)](2) [(BDI-7) = 3-cyano-2-((2,6-diethylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] reacts with 1.0 equiv of CHO to yield [(BDI-7)Zn(mu,eta(2)-OAc)(mu,eta(1)-OCyOAc)Zn(BDI-7)]. Under typical polymerization conditions, rate studies on the copolymerization exhibit no dependence in [CO(2)], a first-order dependence in [CHO], and orders in [Zn](tot) ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 for [(BDI)ZnOAc] complexes. The copolymerizations of CHO (1.98 M in toluene) and 300 psi CO(2) at 50 degrees C using [(BDI-1)ZnOAc] and [(BDI-2)ZnOAc] show orders in [Zn](tot) of 1.73 +/- 0.06 and 1.02 +/- 0.03, respectively. We propose that two zinc complexes are involved in the transition state of the epoxide ring-opening event.
Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (2009)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also called Horton or granulomatous arteritis, is a largeand medium-sized blood vessel systemic vasculitis characterized by the granulomatous involvement of the aorta and its major branches (1,2). Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a disease characterized by severe bilateral pain and aching involving the neck, shoulder, and pelvic girdles associated with morning stiffness (1). GCA and PMR mainly occur in white individuals age 50 years. Due to the progressive aging of the population in Western countries, both conditions have emerged as relatively common diseases in the elderly (1,2).