gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic NMR studies of diastereomeric carbamates: implications toward the determination of relative configuration by NMR (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic NMR studies of diastereomeric carbamates: implications toward the determination of relative configuration by NMRW. H. Pirkle, Kirk A. Simmons, and Charles W. BoederCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 26, 4891–4896Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00394a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00394a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum antibody response of gnotobiotic athymic and euthymic mice following alimentary tract colonization and infection with Candida albicans (1991)

Colonization and infection evoked specific immunoglobulin responses to Candida albicans antigens in gnotobiotic nu/+ mice which appeared to correlate with clearance of infected mucosal surfaces (tongue and stomach). Conversely, colonized and infected nu/nu mice formed some IgM but no detectable IgG or IgA antibodies against C. albicans antigens. Although chronic mucosal infections of tongue and stomach persisted in nu/nu mice, they were able to resist overwhelming mucosal and systemic infections with C. albicans. Thus, C. albicans specific antibodies may play a role in clearance of mucosal candidiasis (tongue and stomach), but these antibodies do not appear to be necessary for protecting athymic mice against systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin.
Quantitative aspects of the receptor binding of cytokinin agonists and antagonists (1983)

Congeneric 4-anilino- and 4-(alkylamino)-2-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines showed cytokinin and anticytokinin activities, depending on the structure of their 4-substituents, and the antagonistic nature of the latter was established kinetically. The effect of the substituent on these activities was analyzed quantitatively by using physicochemical parameters and regression analysis to give a single, common equation for both the agonists and antagonists. The results indicated that the maximum width of the N4 substituents is an important factor both for binding to the receptor, thus the extent of activity, and for the quality of activity, agonistic or antagonistic. The electron-withdrawing effect and hydrophobicity of the substituents further enhance binding and, thus, activity, irrespective of the quality of the activity. These results coincide with and/or provide evidence for the hypothesis that in hormonal action, agonist binding causes a conformational change of an otherwise inactive receptor to the active form and that antagonists are species that bind similarly to the receptor but do not cause the effective conformational change.
The N‐terminal sequence of albumin Redhill, a variant of human serum albumin (1985)

Albumin Redhill, a variant human albumin, has been isolated by fast protein liquid chromatofocusing. The N-terminal sequence of this protein corresponded to that of albumin A except that one additional arginine residue was attached to the N-terminus.
Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Catalyzed Site-Specific Protein Labeling with ADP Conjugated Chemical Probes (2009)

Phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) catalyzed protein modification has been demonstrated as an efficient method for site specific protein labeling with small molecules of diverse structures. Previously coenzyme A conjugated small molecule probes have been used as the substrates of PPTase for the covalent attachment of the probes to a specific Ser residue in the carrier proteins or short peptide tags through a phosphopantetheinyl linkage. Here we discovered that small molecules directly conjugated to the 5'-diphosphate moiety of ADP can serve as the substrates of a mutant Sfp PPTase, R4-4. Based on this, we used R4-4 to transfer small molecule labels to the carrier protein or peptide tags fused to the target protein through structurally simplified synthetic linkers. The synthesis of ADP conjugated small molecule probes can be easily accomplished by one-step coupling between phosphate derivatized probes and morpholidate-activated AMP. The use of ADP-small molecule conjugates for PPTase catalyzed protein labeling would further expand the structural and functional diversity of the chemical probes attached to the target protein to elucidate or engineer their biological activities.
The expression of stem cell factor and c‐kit receptor in human asthmatic airways (2004)

The results of this study demonstrate the increased expression of SCF and its receptor, c-kit within human asthmatic airways, which suggests an important role of this cytokine in the pathophysiology of asthma.
Precision bonders - A game changer for monolithic 3D (2014)

It is well recognized that dimensional scaling has reached its diminishing return phase and the industry is now looking to monolithic 3D to be the future technology driver. This was clearly voiced in the Qualcomm keynote at DAC 2014. This paper will present the game changing impact of the emerging precision bonders, such as EVG's Gemini® XT FB. Innovative process flows combined with a 'Smart Alignment' technique could enable any semiconductor vendor to integrate monolithic 3D into its existing manufacturing line and existing process flows with minimal technology challenge. This provides a natural path for product innovation and an unparalleled competitive edge. In sharp contrast, prior published works on monolithic 3D were conditioned on new process flows and new transistor formation recipes. In addition, this game-changer breakthrough offers a very cost competitive flow.
Intraindividual, right-left comparison of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy vs. 5% imiquimod cream for actinic keratoses on the upper extremities (2009)

Our study shows that ALA-PDT and 5% IMIQ cream are both attractive treatment options for upper extremities AKs with comparable efficacy and cosmetic outcomes.
PAC Subset Selection in Stochastic Multi-armed Bandits (2012)

We consider the problem of selecting, from among the arms of a stochastic n-armed bandit, a subset of size m of those arms with the highest expected rewards, based on efficiently sampling the arms. This “sub-set selection ” problem finds application in a variety of areas. In the authors ’ previ-ous work (Kalyanakrishnan &amp;amp; Stone, 2010), this problem is framed under a PAC setting (denoted “Explore-m”), and corresponding sampling algorithms are analyzed. Whereas the formal analysis therein is restricted to the worst case sample complexity of algo-rithms, in this paper, we design and ana-lyze an algorithm (“LUCB”) with improved expected sample complexity. Interestingly LUCB bears a close resemblance to the well-known UCB algorithm for regret minimiza-tion. The expected sample complexity bound we show for LUCB is novel even for single-arm selection (Explore-1). We also give a lower bound on the worst case sample com-plexity of PAC algorithms for Explore-m. 1.
Cloning and Expression of Four Novel Isoforms of Human Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme with Different Apoptotic Activities (1995)

To understand the mechanism of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) activation in apoptosis, we analyzed the expression of ICE mRNA in two human cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. This resulted in the identification and cloning of four alternatively spliced ICE mRNA isoforms. Although all the alternative splicing events were within the coding sequence of ICE, the four ICE isoforms maintained open reading frames and were designated as ICE beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. In ICE gamma, most of the propeptide (amino acids 20-112) is deleted, which suggests that it may function as a catalyst for ICE autoprocessing in vivo. In ICE delta, amino acids 288-335, which contain the cleavage sites between the p20 and p10 subunits of ICE, are deleted thus resulting in its inactivation. Intriguingly, in ICE epsilon amino acids 20-335, which encompass most of the propeptide and the p20 subunit, are deleted resulting in the formation of a molecule that is homologous to the p10 subunit. Examination of the ability of these four ICE isoforms to cause apoptosis revealed that only the parental ICE alpha and isoforms beta and gamma, but not isoforms delta and epsilon, can induce apoptosis when overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells. In addition, coexpression of the p20 and p10 but not the p20 and ICE epsilon in Sf9 cells results in apoptosis. Interestingly, expression of ICE epsilon and to a lesser degree ICE delta resulted in extension of the survival of baculovirus-infected cells in a manner similar to expression of BCL2. The ability of ICE epsilon to extend the survival of Sf9 cells suggests that baculovirus-induced apoptosis in these cells is mediated by an ICE-like protease. We show that ICE epsilon can bind to the p20 subunit of ICE and potentially may compete with the p10 subunit to form an inactive ICE complex. Therefore, by acting as a dominant inhibitor of ICE activity, ICE epsilon may regulate ICE activation in vivo.
Value of FDG PET in the Assessment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma (2005)

FDG PET is able to detect bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma. FDG PET is useful in assessing extent of disease at time of initial diagnosis, contributing to staging that is more accurate. FDG PET is also useful for evaluating therapy response.
Bicuspid-valved PTFE conduit optimization for pediatric RVOT reconstruction (2011)

Conduits available for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction eventually become stenotic and/or insufficient due to calcification. To reduce the incidence of reoperations, using a bicuspid-valved polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit for the RVOT reconstruction can be a viable alternative. The previous designs of this PTFE conduit performed well both in vitro and in clinical evaluations, with relatively low pressure drop, and intact valve motion independent from the conduit curvature, orientation or valve location, but at the expense of increased diastolic flow regurgitation. This undergraduate research project aims to optimize the conduit hemodynamics through the joint use of computational bioengineering modeling, bicuspid heart-valve shape optimization and in vitro hemodynamic evaluation. In addition, the development of a novel device for the intra-operative creation of sinuses in the conduit for improved valve closure is described.
Support for Reduced-Size Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP): Opportunities and Consequences (2009)

This memo discusses benefits and issues that arise when allowing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTCP) packets to be transmitted with reduced size.The size can be reduced if the rules on how to create compound packets outlined in RFC 3550 are removed or changed.Based on that analysis, this memo defines certain changes to the rules to allow feedback messages to be sent as Reduced-Size RTCP packets under certain conditions when using the RTP/AVPF (Real-time Transport Protocol / Audio-Visual Profile with Feedback) profile (RFC 4585).
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation Modulates Sound Level Processing in the Cochlear Nucleus (1998)

The principal role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the transmission and processing of information in the auditory pathway has been investigated extensively. In contrast, little is known about the functional contribution of the G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), although their anatomic location suggests that they exercise a significant influence on auditory processing. To investigate this issue, sound-evoked responses were obtained from single auditory neurons in the cochlear nuclear complex of anesthetized cats and gerbils, and metabotropic ligands were administered locally through microionophoretic pipettes. In general, microionophoresis of the mGluR agonists, (1S, 3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid or (2S,1'S, 2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, initially produced a gradual increase in spontaneous and sound-evoked discharge rates. However, activation and recovery times were significantly longer than those observed for ionotropic agonists, such as N-methyl--aspartate or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, consistent with the recruitment of a second-messenger system. The efficacy of mGluR agonists was diminished after administration of the mGluR antagonist, (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine, consistent with a selective action at metabotropic recognition sites. In contrast, two distinct changes were observed after the mGluR agonist had been discontinued for several minutes. Approximately 50% of neurons exhibited a chronic depression of sound-evoked discharge rate reminiscent of long-term depression, a cellular property observed in other systems. Approximately 30% of neurons exhibited a long-lasting enhancement of the sound-evoked response similar to the cellular phenomenon of long-term potentiation. These findings suggest that mGluR activation has a profound influence on the gain of primary afferent driven activity in the caudal cochlear nucleus.
Non-functional expression of Escherichia coli signal peptidase I in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

The Escherichia coli lep gene, encoding signal peptidase I (SPase I) was provided with Bacillus subtilis transcription/translation signals and expressed in this organism. When present on a low-copy-number plasmid, the amount of E. coli SPase I produced (per mg cell protein) in B. subtilis was half that produced in wild-type E. coli cells. The production of E. coli SPase I in B. subtilis was increased approximately fivefold by cloning the lep gene into a high-copy-number plasmid. The expression of E. coli SPase I in B. subtilis did not appear to increase the rate of processing of two hybrid secretory precursor proteins. Two observations may explain the failure of E. coli SPase I to stimulate processing of exported proteins in B. subtilis. First, the E. coli SPase I was apparently not exposed on the outside of the B. subtilis cytoplasmic membrane, indicating its incorrect insertion into the membrane. Second, in vitro processing studies, using cell-free extracts of B. subtilis producing E. coli SPase I, suggested that the enzyme was not active. A further outcome of this study was that conditions favouring processing of precursors by SPase I in cell-free extracts of E. coli did not favour processing by the corresponding enzyme in B. subtilis cell-free extracts. This suggests that significant differences exist between the two enzymes. The observation that antibodies directed against E. coli SPase I did not cross-react with B. subtilis membrane proteins supports this idea.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) (1982)

This RFC is proposed to establish a standard for Gateway to Gateway
procedures that allow the Gateways to be mutually suspicious. This
document is a DRAFT for that standard. Your comments are strongly
encouraged.
正在形成的权力均衡：尚存的单极、不稳定的多极和未经检验的无极 (2008)

正在形成的权力均衡至少可以分为以下这几种模式或情况，它们可能各自单独形成也可能彼此结合共同形成。它们是：一超多强模式（Uni-Multipolarity Model），合作或对抗的多极模式（Cooperative or Adversarial Multipolarity），无极模式（Nonpolarity Model）。以上三种未来的模式已经集中涉及到了尽可能多的可观察到的多极趋势。尽管俄罗斯和中国对多极的定义可能并不相同，各自选择达成目标的路径也存在巨大差异，这种对多极松散的定义仍然是中俄双边关系的坚强基石。
Insulin receptor and cancer (2011)

The widespread epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has raised concern for the impact of these disorders as risk factors for cancer and has renewed the interest for studies regarding the involvement of hyperinsulinemia and insulin receptor (IR) in cancer progression. Overexpression of IR in cancer cells may explain their increased sensitivity to hyperinsulinemia. Moreover, IR isoform A (IR-A) together with autocrine production of its ligand IGF2 is emerging as an important mechanism of normal and cancer stem cell expansion and is a feature of several malignancies. De novo activation of the IR-A/IGF2 autocrine loop also represents a mechanism of resistance to anticancer therapies. Increasing knowledge of the IR role in cancer has important implications for cancer prevention, which should include control of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in the population and meticulous evaluation of new antidiabetic drugs for their metabolic:mitogenic ratio. We are now aware that several anticancer treatments may induce or worsen insulin resistance that may limit therapy efficacy. Future anticancer therapies need to target the IR-A pathway in order to inhibit the tumor promoting effect of IR without impairing the metabolic effect of insulin.
Molecular containers in complex chemical systems (2014)

Over the last decade molecular containers have been increasingly studied within the context of complex chemical systems. Herein we discuss selected examples from the literature concerning three aspects of this field: complex host-guest behaviour, adaptive transformations of molecular containers and reactivity modulation within them.
Fabrication of Robust Hydrogel Coatings on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates Using Micropillar Anchor Structures with Chemical Surface Modification (2014)

A durable hydrophilic and protein-resistant surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based devices is desirable in many biomedical applications such as implantable and microfluidic devices. This paper describes a stable antifouling hydrogel coating on PDMS surfaces. The coating method combines chemical modification and surface microstructure fabrication of PDMS substrates. Three-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylates containing C═C groups were used to modify PDMS surfaces with micropillar array structures fabricated by a replica molding method. The micropillar structures increase the surface area of PDMS surfaces, which facilitates secure bonding with a hydrogel coating compared to flat PMDS surfaces. The adhesion properties of the hydrogel coating on PDMS substrates were characterized using bending, stretching and water immersion tests. Long-term hydrophilic stability (maintaining a contact angle of 55° for a month) and a low protein adsorption property (35 ng/cm(2) of adsorbed BSA-FITC) of the hydrogel coated PDMS were demonstrated. This coating method is suitable for PDMS modification with most crosslinkable polymers containing C═C groups, which can be useful for improving the anti-biofouling performance of PDMS-based biomedical microdevices.
Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications (2006)

This paper investigates the design of power and spectrally efficient coded modulations based on amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation with application to satellite broadband communications. APSK represents an attractive modulation format for digital transmission over nonlinear satellite channels due to its power and spectral efficiency combined with its inherent robustness against nonlinear distortion. For these reasons APSK has been very recently introduced in the new standard for satellite Digital Video Broadcasting named DVB-S2. Assuming an ideal rectangular transmission pulse, for which no nonlinear inter-symbol interference is present and perfect pre-compensation of the nonlinearity, we optimize the APSK constellation. In addition to the minimum distance criterion, we introduce a new optimization based on the mutual information; this new method generates an optimum constellation for each spectral efficiency. To achieve power efficiency jointly with low bit error rate (BER) floor we adopt a powerful binary serially concatenated turbo-code coupled with optimal APSK modulations through bit-interleaved coded modulation. We derive tight approximations on the maximum-likelihood decoding error probability, and results are compared with computer simulations. The proposed coded modulation scheme is shown to provide a considerable performance advantage compared to current standards for satellite multimedia and broadcasting systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Drug Targets (2007)

L-glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, is involved in many physiological functions, including learning and memory, but also in toxic phenomena occurring in numerous degenerative or neurological diseases. These functions mainly result from its interaction with Glu receptors (GluRs). The broad spectrum of roles played by glutamate derived from the large number of membrane receptors, which are currently classified in two main categories, ionotropic (iGluRs) and metabotropic (mGluRs) receptors. The iGluRs are ion channels, permeant to Na(+) (Ca(2+)) while the mGluRs belongs to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Despite continuous efforts over more than two decades, the use of iGluR agonists or antagonists to improve or inhibit excitatory transmission in pathological states still remains a major challenge, though the discovery and development of recent molecules may prove it worthwhile. This probably results form the vital role of fast excitatory transmission in many fundamental physiological functions. Since the discovery of mGluRs, hope has emerged. Indeed, mGluRs are mainly involved in the regulation of fast excitatory transmission. Consequently, it was logically thought that modulating mGluRs with agonists or antagonists might lead to more subtle regulation of fast excitatory transmission than by directly blocking iGluRs. As a result of intensive investigation, new drugs permitting to discriminate between these receptors have emerged. Moreover, a new class of molecules acting as negative or positive allosteric modulators or mGluRs is now available and appears to be promising. In the following, we will review the classification of mGluRs and the functions in which mGluRs are involved. We will focus on their potential as therapeutic targets for improving numerous physiological functions and for different neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, which are related to malfunction of Glu signaling in human beings.
Studies on Stabilization of Wheat Bran (1990)

Studies were carried out to determine the shelf-life of bran and its possible improvement by suitable processing. Inactivation of the lipolytic enzyme system in bran was achieved when bran was toasted at 175°C for 40 min. Toasting resulted in inactivation of lipase by 40%, of lipoxidase by 100% and of protease by 50%. Storage trials were conducted with samples of un toasted and toasted bran packed in polypropylene pouches (37 µ thick film). The fat acidity increased from 35 to 175.0 mg KOH/100 g in raw&#13;\nbran stored at 27°C for 105 days whereas the increase was negligible in heat stabilised bran. The peroxide value increased from 0 to 63 and 132 meq/kg oil in toasted and raw bran respectively, during the storage period. Untoasted raw bran developed rancid taste within 20 days, whereas a rancid flavour became perceptible in toasted bran only after 90 days.