gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A concurrent fault detection method for superscalar processors (2003)

The authors describe a method for the concurrent detection of faults in instruction level parallel (ILP) processors. This method makes use of the No Operation (NOP) instruction's slots that sometimes fill some of the pipelines (stages) in an ILP processor. The authors show the practical application of this method to a superscalar RISC processor. For this processor, branch addresses, execution of certain instructions (store/load) and resource conflicts that force the inclusion of NOPs are the cases exploited to test its pipelines. The NOPs are replaced by an effective instruction running in another pipeline. This allows the checking of the processor's pipelines by the comparison of the outputs of their stages during the execution of the replicated instruction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1-wavelength loop type dielectric chip antennas (2002)

We propose a 1-wavelength loop type dielectric chip antenna that meets the demand for antennas with unidirectional radiation patterns for portable communication devices. The structure of the proposed antenna is shown. The radiating element printed loop is on the top of the cube. A feeding strip line is on one of the vertical face of the cube and a shorted plate parallel to the feeding strip line is on the same face. The conductive plane is on the bottom of the cube. By printing all of conductive elements on a ceramic cube this novel antenna is easy to fabricate.
Specific C‐Terminal Cleavage and Inactivation of Interleukin‐8 by Invasive Disease Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes (2005)

Lethal necrotizing fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is characterized by a paucity of neutrophils at the site of infection. Interleukin (IL)-8, which is important for neutrophil transmigration and activation, can be degraded by S. pyogenes. Blood isolates of S. pyogenes were better able to degrade human IL-8 than throat isolates. Degradation of IL-8 was the result of a single specific cleavage between 59glutamine and 60arginine within the IL-8 C-terminal alpha helix. Cleaved IL-8 reduced neutrophil activation and migration. IL-8-cleaving activity was found in partially purified supernatant of a necrotizing fasciitis isolate, and this activity was associated with an approximately 150-kDa fraction containing S. pyogenes cell envelope proteinase (SpyCEP). IL-8-cleaving activity corresponded with the presence of SpyCEP in the supernatant. Cleavage of IL-8 by S. pyogenes represents an unprecedented mechanism of immune evasion, effectively preventing IL-8 C-terminus-mediated endothelial translocation and subsequent recruitment of neutrophils.
Stochastic constraints for vision-aided inertial navigation (2005)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Neural regulation of renin release: experimental evidence and clinical implications in arterial hypertension. (1977)

The assessment of the possible role played by the renin-angiotensin system in maintaining arterial hypertension requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating renin release from the kidney. In addition to intrarenal mechanisms of control, recent investigation stresses the importance of sympathetic influences on the juxtaglomerular cells both in experimental animals and in man. Studies with beta-adrenergic blocking agents, interfering with sympathetic release of renin, and with peptides interfering with sympathetic release of renin, and with peptides interfering with the generation or action of angiotensin II, suggest that renin may play some pressor role in a number of cases of hypertension: a major one in the small group of patients with high plasma renin, and possibly a minor one in the large population of patients whose renin is stimulated by treatment with diuretics and vasodilators. On the whole, available evidence suggests that renin disturbances in essential hypertension are rarely primary. It is unlikely, therefore, that renin levels alone can suffice as guideline for treatment of hypertension. A more comprehensive approach should be based on a multifaceted profile, including but not limited to renin.
A Two-stage, Fitted Values Approach to Activity Matching (2016)

Accurate and rich representations of constituent actor populations are a critical component of agent-based models.Such populations are designed so that demographic, behavioral, procedural, and geographic characteristics of the synthetic population jointly reflect the available information about the true population.Information about the attributes to be mimicked in the synthetic population is often derived from survey samples of the real actors of interest --such as firms in a market or households in a city.This additional information is then mapped to individual actors in such a way that each actor in the population represents one sample from the joint distribution of all assigned attributes.These actors then interact according to rules, which are functions of their attributes.Thus, accurate attribute matching is necessary to ensure that model outputs are meaningful.In real applications, behavioral surveys often yield complex data types, such as daily activity schedules or action sequences, for which it is difficult to conceive of adequate conditional models of behavior that could be used to generate new behavioral data as a function of covariates.Here we propose a method for assigning behavioral templates to synthetic agents from a set of survey templates.Our method first maps the complex behavioral data to a reduced-dimension Euclidean space, then estimates conditional models in this space.We then make predictions in Euclidean space for synthetic actors and assign them the template schedule that minimizes the distance to the predicted value.By employing a two-step process, we also ensure that within-household dependence structures are maintained in the synthetic population.We illustrate the method with an application to a synthetic representation of households in the state of Israel and demonstrate superior ability to generate accurate joint distributions between demographic characteristics and behavioral activity relative to the standard behavior assignment method.
Monitoring left ventricular dilation in mice with PET. (2005)

Evaluation and quantitation of LV dilation in both control and cardiomyopathic mice can be reliably and serially performed using small-animal PET and (18)F-FDG, yielding useful functional information in addition to metabolic data.
Justification of specific genetic modifications in pigs for clinical organ xenotransplantation (2019)

Xenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications. We suggest that a pig with nine genetic modifications (ie, currently available) will provide organs (initially kidneys and hearts) that would function for a clinically valuable period of time, for example, >12 months, after transplantation into patients with end-stage organ failure. The national regulatory authorities, however, will likely require evidence, based on in vitro and/or in vivo experimental data, to justify the inclusion of each individual genetic modification in the pig. We provide data both from our own experience and that of others on the advantages of pigs in which (a) all three known carbohydrate xenoantigens have been deleted (triple-knockout pigs), (b) two human complement-regulatory proteins (CD46, CD55) and two human coagulation-regulatory proteins (thrombomodulin, endothelial cell protein C receptor) are expressed, (c) the anti-apoptotic and "anti-inflammatory" molecule, human hemeoxygenase-1 is expressed, and (d) human CD47 is expressed to suppress elements of the macrophage and T-cell responses. Although many alternative genetic modifications could be made to an organ-source pig, we suggest that the genetic manipulations we identify above will all contribute to the success of the initial clinical pig kidney or heart transplants, and that the beneficial contribution of each individual manipulation is supported by considerable experimental evidence.
Anticancer and chemosensitizing abilities of cycloviolacin O2 from Viola odorata and psyle cyclotides from Psychotria leptothyrsa (2010)

Cycloviolacin O2 (CyO2), a cyclotide from Viola odorata (Violaceae) has antitumor effects and causes cell death by membrane permeabilization. In the breast cancer line, MCF-7 and its drug resistant subline MCF-7/ADR, the cytotoxic effects of CyO2 (0.2-10 microM) were monitored in the presence and absence of doxorubicin (0.1-5 microM) using cell proliferation assays to establish its chemosensitizing abilities. SYTOX Green assays were Sperformed to verify membrane permeabilization and showed cellular disruption correlates with cyclotide chemosensitization. Fluorescence microscopy studies demonstrated increased cellular internalization of doxorubicin in drug resistant cells when coexposed to CyO2. Interestingly, CyO2 did not produce significant membrane disruption in primary human brain endothelial cells, which suggested cyclotide specificity toward induced pore formation in highly proliferating tumor cells. Furthermore, three novel cyclotides (psyle A, C and E) from Psychotria leptothyrsa (Rubiaceae) were also monitored for cytotoxic activity. The cyclotides displayed potent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.64->10 microM), and coexposure to cyclotides significantly enhanced doxorubicin induced toxicity (IC50 = 0.39-0.76 microM). This study documents several cyclotides with robust cytotoxicity that may be promising chemosensitizing agents against drug resistant breast cancer.
Broadly targeted CD8 + T cell responses restricted by major histocompatibility complex E (2016)

Major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed, nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule with limited polymorphism that is primarily involved in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cells. We found that vaccinating rhesus macaques with rhesus cytomegalovirus vectors in which genes Rh157.5 and Rh157.4 are deleted results in MHC-E-restricted presentation of highly varied peptide epitopes to CD8αβ(+) T cells, at ~4 distinct epitopes per 100 amino acids in all tested antigens. Computational structural analysis revealed that MHC-E provides heterogeneous chemical environments for diverse side-chain interactions within a stable, open binding groove. Because MHC-E is up-regulated to evade NK cell activity in cells infected with HIV, simian immunodeficiency virus, and other persistent viruses, MHC-E-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses have the potential to exploit pathogen immune-evasion adaptations, a capability that might endow these unconventional responses with superior efficacy.
Fabrication of polymeric large-core optical waveguides using a rubber molding process (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. Lee, M. Kwon, J. Yoon, and S. Shin, "Fabrication of Polymeric Large-Core Optical Waveguides Using a Rubber Molding Process," in Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper SuA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Measurement of tissue optical properties by time-resolved detection of laser-induced transient stress (1997)

We report on a technique utilizing time-resolved detection of laser-induced stress transients for the measurement of optical properties in turbid media specifically suitable for biological tissues. The method was tested initially in nonscattering absorbing media so that it could be compared with spectrophotometry. The basis of this method is provided by the conditions of temporal stress confinement in the irradiated volume where the pressure generated in tissues heated instantly by laser pulses is proportional to the absorbed laser energy density, and the exponential profile of the initial stress distribution in the irradiated volume corresponds to the z-axial distribution of the absorbed laser fluence. Planar thermoelastic waves can propagate in water-containing media with minimal distortion, and their axial profiles can be detected by an acoustic transducer with sufficient temporal resolution. The acoustic waves induced by 14-ns laser pulses in nonscattering media, turbid gels, and tissues were measured by a piezoelectric transducer with a 3-ns response time. Temporal profiles of stress transients yielded z-axial distributions of the absorbed laser energy in turbid and opaque media, provided that the speed of sound in these media was known. The absorption and effective scattering coefficients of beef liver, dog prostate, and human aortic atheroma at three wavelengths, 1064 nm (in near infrared), 532 nm (visible), and 355 nm (near UV), were deduced from laser-induced stress profiles with additional measurements of total diffuse reflectance.
The physical approximation of APP and BACE‐1: A key event in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brains. Aβ is derived by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site secretase enzyme (BACE-1) and γ-secretase. Proteolytic processing of APP by BACE-1 is the rate-limiting step in Aβ production, and this pathway is a prime target for AD drug development. Both APP and BACE-1 are membrane-spanning proteins, transported via secretory and endocytic pathways; and the physical interaction of APP and BACE-1 during trafficking is a key cell biological event initiating the amyloidogenic pathway. Here, we highlight recent research on intracellular trafficking/sorting of APP and BACE-1, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways might lead to enhanced convergence of APP and BACE-1, and subsequent β-cleavage of APP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 340-347, 2018.
MUC1 expression in human breast cancer cells is altered by the factors affecting cell proliferation. (2002)

Increased expression of the epithelial mucin MUC1 has been linked to tumor aggressiveness in human breast carcinoma. In the present study, we have investigated if the factors affecting cells proliferation could influence MUC1 mucin biosynthesis and shedding from cell surface into the culture medium in two human breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-). Using MCF-7 line we found that estradiol at a concentration of 10(-7) M increased [3H]glucosamine incorporation into mucin in cell lysate approximately twofold in comparison with control cultures, and a similar increase was observed in the culture medium. The selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen (at concentrations of 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M) had a little inhibitory effect. MDA-MB-231 cells in culture were stimulated with phorbol ester PMA, the protein kinase C activator. We noted that PMA greatly stimulated MUC1 synthesis and its shedding to culture medium and that this effect was abolished by protein kinase C specific inhibitor--bisindolylmaleimide.
Metal complex formation of a new siderophore desferrithiocin and of three related ligands (1990)

Desferrithiocin shows, in comparison with other iron chelators, a similar but lower tendency to bind iron(III) under physiological conditions although its biological efficiency in animal models is quite promising.
Kallikrein Protects Against Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Inflammation and Promoting Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis (2006)

Stroke-induced neurological deficits and mortality are often associated with timing of treatment after the onset of stroke. We showed that local delivery of the human tissue kallikrein gene into rat brain immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) exerts neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the effect of systemic delivery of the kallikrein gene 8 hr after MCAO. Expression of recombinant human tissue kallikrein after gene transfer was identified in the ischemic brain region and blood vessels. Intravenous injection of adenovirus encoding the kallikrein gene significantly reduced neurological deficit scores 2 and 7 days after gene transfer. Kallikrein gene transfer also reduced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced cerebral infarction and promoted the survival and migration of glial cells from penumbra to the ischemic core from 3 to 14 days after gene delivery. Kallikrein reduced I/R-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells and inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation in the ischemic brain. These effects were blocked by the kinin B2 receptor antagonist icatibant. In addition, kallikrein enhanced angiogenesis and promoted neurogenesis after I/R and the stimulatory effect of kinin on neuronal cell proliferation was confirmed in primary cultured neuronal cells. The protective effects of kallikrein, through the kinin B2 receptor, were accompanied by increased cerebral nitric oxide and Bcl-2 levels, Akt phosphorylation, and reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide production, Bax levels, and caspase-3 activity. These results indicate that delayed systemic administration of the kallikrein gene after onset of stroke protects against ischemic brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation and by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Phosphorothioate Di- and Trinucleotides as a Novel Class of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents (2004)

Several nucleoside analogs are under clinical development for use against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lamivudine (3TC), a nucleoside analog, and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), an acyclonucleotide analog, are clinically approved. However, long-term treatment can induce viral resistance, and following the cessation of therapy, viral rebound is frequently observed. There continues to be a need for new antiviral agents with novel mechanisms of action. A library of more than 600 di- and trinucleotide compounds synthesized by parallel synthesis using a combinatorial strategy was screened for potential inhibitors of HBV replication using the chronically HBV-producing cell line 2.2.15. Through an iterative process of synthesis, lead optimization, and screening, three analogs were identified as potent inhibitors of HBV replication: dinucleotides ORI-7246 (drug concentration at which a 10-fold reduction of HBV DNA was observed [EC(90)], 1.4 microM) and ORI-9020 (EC(90), 1.2 microM) and trinucleotide ORI-7170 (EC(90), 7.2 microM). These analogs inhibited the replication of both strands of HBV DNA. No suppression of HBV protein synthesis or intracellular core particle formation by these analogs was observed. No inhibition of HBV DNA strand elongation by the analogs or their 5'-triphosphate versions was apparent in in vitro polymerase assays. Although the exact mechanism of action is not yet identified, present data are consistent with an inhibition of the HBV reverse transcriptase-directed priming step prior to elongation of the first viral DNA strand. In transient-transfection assays, these analogs inhibited the replication of 3TC-resistant HBV. Synergistic interactions in combination treatments between the analogs and either 3TC or ADV were observed. These compounds represent a novel class of anti-HBV molecules and warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.
Calu-3: a human airway epithelial cell line that shows cAMP-dependent Cl- secretion (1994)

Of 12 cell lines derived from human lung cancers, only Calu-3 cells showed high transepithelial resistance (Rte) and increases in short-circuit current (Isc) in response to mediators. Calu-3 cells formed polarized monolayers with tight junctions and Rte of approximately 100 omega.cm2. Baseline Isc was approximately 35 microA/cm2 and was increased by approximately 75 microA/cm2 on elevation of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) by isoproterenol. Flux studies showed that the increase in Isc was due to Cl- secretion. Forskolin and permeant analogues of cAMP also increased Isc. Consistent with the presence of cAMP-dependent Cl- secretion, immunoprecipitation demonstrated the presence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Bradykinin, methacholine, trypsin, and histamine all transiently (15-30 s) elevated Isc, probably by increasing intracellular Ca concentration. Experiments in which the basolateral membrane was permeabilized with nystatin indicated that CFTR was substantially activated under baseline conditions and that Ca-activated Cl- channels were absent from the apical membrane. We anticipate that Calu-3 cells will prove useful in the study of Cl- secretion and other functions of human airway epithelial cells.
Acid-Functionalized SBA-15-Type Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas and Their Use in the Continuous Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2012)

The activity, selectivity, and stability of several supported acid catalysts were evaluated in tubular reactors designed to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) continuously from fructose dissolved in a single-phase solution of THF and H2O (4:1 w/w). The reactors, packed with the solid catalysts, were operated at 403 K for extended periods, up to 190 h. The behaviors of three propylsulfonic acid-functionalized, ordered porous silicas (one inorganic SBA-15-type silica, and two ethane-bridged SBA-15-type organosilicas) were compared with that of a propylsulfonic acid-modified, nonordered, porous silica. The HMF selectivity of the catalysts with ordered pore structures ranged from 60 to 75%, whereas the selectivity of the nonordered catalyst under the same reaction conditions peaked at 20%. The latter was also the least stable, deactivating with a first-order rate constant of 0.152 h–1. The organosilicas are more hydrothermally stable and maintained a steady catalytic activity longer than the inorganic SBA-15-type silica. The organosilica with an intermediate framework ethane content of 45 mol % was more stable, with a first-order deactivation rate constant of only 0.012 h–1, than the organosilica containing 90 mol % ethane linkers in the framework. The catalysts were recovered and characterized after use by 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, and SEM/TEM. Deactivation under flow conditions is caused primarily by hydrolytic cleavage of acid sites, which can be (to some) extent recaptured by the free surface hydroxyl groups of the silica surface.