gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Y chromosome from autoimmune BXSB/MpJ mice induces a lupus‐like syndrome in (NZW × C57BL/6)F1 male mice, but not in C57BL/6 male mice (1988)

The Y chromosome of the BXSB mouse has been shown to be responsible for the acceleration of lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in inbred BXSB mice and in their F1 hybrids with NZB or NZW mice. To further define the role of this as yet unidentified gene linked to the BXSB Y chromosome, designated Yaa (Y chromosome-linked autoimmune acceleration), the Y chromosome was transferred from the BXSB strain to nonautoimmune C57BL/6 (B6) mice. The effect of the Yaa gene on the autoantibody formation and the development of glomerulonephritis was investigated in B6 mice and in their F1 hybrids with NZW mice. The presence of the BXSB Y chromosome was not able to induce significant autoimmune responses in B6 mice. However, (NZW x B6)F1 males bearing the BXSB Y chromosome developed a severe lupus-like autoimmune syndrome, as documented by the production of anti-DNA antibodies and gp70-anti-gp70 immune complexes and the development of lethal lupus nephritis. Both sexes of (NZW x B6)F1 hybrids without the BXSB Y chromosome were essentially normal. Our results suggest that (a) the BXSB Y chromosome by itself is not sufficient to initiate autoimmune responses in nonautoimmune B6 mice, and (b) it is able to induce autoimmune responses in mice potentially capable of developing the disease, but whose autosomal abnormality by itself is not sufficient to develop autoimmune diseases.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Parallel Channel Array Microchannel Heat Exchanger (1996)

Abstract An experimental study is underway to investigate heat transfer and pressure drop in a microchannel heat exchanger. Devices with geometry consisting of an array of 54 parallel microchannels with rectangular cross-section, 1.0 mm deep and 0.27 mm wide (aspect ratio approximately 4, with hydraulic diameter 425 mm) have been tested using Refrigerant 124 as the working fluid. Conditions tested include a range of Reynolds numbers between 100 and 570 (where Red is defined using the hydraulic diameter of the channels), uniform heat flux up to approximately 40 W/cm2, and wall surface superheats ranging from approximately 0 to 65 K, in both single-phase and two-phase flow. The average liquid-side heat transfer coefficient showed a significant increase over the expected value in macroscopic flow at the same Reynolds numbers. In the single-phase tests, the Nusselt number values ranged from about 5 to 12 for the conditions tested and varied with Reynolds number, showing increasing Nu with increasing Red. In the two-phase tests, the Nusselt number appeared to be approximately constant with Red, at a value of approximately 20. Exit qualities achieved in the two-phase testing ranged from approximately 4% up to nearly 60%, as determined from an energy balance on the system. These results indicate that substantial improvements in thermal hydraulic performance can be realized in microscale heat exchangers with no significant penalty in the pressure drop.
Optical microscopic observation of single small molecules (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Hirschfeld, "Optical microscopic observation of single small molecules," Appl. Opt. 15, 2965-2966 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Fluorescence detection and size measurement of single DNA molecules (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence detection and size measurement of single DNA moleculesAlonso. Castro, Frederic R. Fairfield, and E. Brooks. SheraCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 7, 849–852Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00055a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00055a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrodeposited Ceramic Superlattices (1990)

Ceramic superlattices have been produced by electrodeposition with modulation wavelengths in the range from 5 to 10 nanometers. The TlaPbbOc/TldPbeOf superlattices were deposited from a single aqueous solution at room temperature, and the layer thicknesses were galvanostatically controlled. The films showed strong preferred orientation and distinct first-order satellites around the Bragg reflections in the x-ray diffraction pattem. The modulation wavelengths calculated from the satellite spacings were in agreement with those calculated from Faraday's law. Because the modulation wavelengths are of electron mean free path dimensions, this dass of degenerate semiconductor metal-oxide superlattices may exhibit thickness-dependent quantum optical, electronic, or optoelectronic effects.
Aerodynamic focusing of heavy molecules in seeded supersonic jets (1989)

The phenomenon of aerodynamic enrichment of heavy molecules seeded in supersonic free jets has been known since 1955. But its systematic exploitation in the generation of intensely focused molecular beams has been prevented by the lack of a quantitative and realistic explanation of the observed facts. Here, the aerodynamic focusing of CBr4, W(CO)6, and C2Cl6 molecules seeded in jets of He or H2 is studied experimentally, and found to be most singular under conditions similar to those known to produce sharply focused beams of microscopic spheres suspended in air jets. The gas mixture expands through thin-plate orifice into a vacuum chamber, forming a supersonic free jet. The spacial distribution of the heavy molecules in the jet is measured at varying distances L to the nozzle by scanning a thermocouple probe across a jet diameter. The probe is sufficiently small to interfere negligibly with the flow. The increment DV in the thermocouple voltage resulting from seeding the heavy gas on a given flow of He or H2 is seen to be a sensitive indicator of the local concentration of seed molecules in the jet. The following behavior is observed in terms of the same Stokes number or inertia parameter S that governs the simpler and better understood phenomenon of aerosol focusing. Below S=0.4 for H2 and S=0.2 for He, heavy molecule and aerosol beam widths are practically identical, and the boundary of the jet of heavy molecules is rather sharp. At higher values of S, aerosol beams show further reductions in cross section, down to less than 10% of a nozzle throat diameter dn. In contrast, the measured heavy species minimal beam widths or waists at a distance L∼dn from the throat are around 0.5 d n and 0.35 dn for jets of He and H2, respectively. In units of dn, these widths are several times larger than expected from elementary considerations on the defocusing effects due to Brownian motion (of the order of the square root of the molecular mass ratio between light and heavy molecules). Nonetheless, the thin-plate orifice nozzle yields considerably more concentrated jets of heavy gases than previously seen, with far-field enrichment factors for the seed species close to 50 in the case of H2 jets. This technique, thus, appears to provide a greatly improved source for intense molecular beams. Aerodynamically focused beams have a sharp distribution of kinetic energies, being ideally suited for cross beam and beam surface studies. But they are not quite so optimal for spectroscopic studies because they require moderate source Reynolds numbers (of order 100), at which the heavy gas undergoes very little translational, rotational, or vibrational cooling.
Cell surface expression and metabolism of major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain (CD74) by diverse cell lines (1999)

We previously described the processing of antibodies to CD74 (the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain, Ii), by B-cell lymphoma cell lines. These cells expressed relatively low levels of Ii on the surface, but the molecules were rapidly internalized and replaced by new molecules, so that approximately 8 x 10(6) antibody molecules per cell were taken up per day. We herein report the results of similar studies with other cell types, namely a melanoma, a colon carcinoma, a T-cell lymphoma and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. The melanoma and the carcinoma were treated with interferon-gamma to induce high levels of the antigen. The T-cell lymphoma, HUT 78, was selected specifically because it was previously reported to lack cell surface Ii, while expressing the molecule intracellularly. However, HUT 78 displayed Ii on the cell surface, as did the other cell lines tested, and catabolism of the antibody was very fast on all of the cell lines. The capacity of four of the cell lines for cumulative antibody uptake was evaluated, using 'residualizing' radiolabels, which are trapped within the cell after catabolism of the antibody to which they were conjugated. A high level of uptake was observed in all cases, although there was significant variation between the cell lines. With melanoma SK-MEL-37, the total LL1 uptake in 24 hr was nearly 10(7) molecules per cell and the average turnover time for Ii on the cell surface was 4 min; with carcinoma HT-29, the total LL1 uptake in 24 hr was approximately 10(6) molecules per cell, and the average turnover time for Ii on the cell surface was 27 min. Based on the cell content of mature class II antigens (alphabeta), these data suggest that a large fraction, or all, of immature class II molecules (alphabetaIi) reach the cell surface before entering the peptide-loading compartment, independent of the particular cell type.
The KUP gene, located on human chromosome 14, encodes a protein with two distant zinc fingers (1991)

We have isolated a human cDNA (kup), encoding a new protein with two distantly spaced zinc fingers of the C2H2 type. This gene is highly conserved in mammals and is expressed mainly in hematopoietic cells and testis. Its expression was not higher in the various transformed cells tested than in the normal corresponding tissues. The kup gene is located in region q23-q24 of the long arm of human chromosome 14. The kup protein is 433 a.a. long, has a M.W. close to 50 kD and binds to DNA. Although the structure of the kup protein is unusual, the isolated fingers resemble closely those of the Krüppel family, suggesting that this protein is also a transcription factor. The precise function and DNA motif recognized by the kup protein remain to be determined.
Neuronal calcium channel inhibitors. Synthesis of omega-conotoxin GVIA and effects on 45Ca uptake by synaptosomes. (1987)

We previously described a 27-amino acid peptide neurotoxin from the venom of Conus geographus, omega-conotoxin GVIA, which inhibits neuronal voltage-activated calcium channels. In this paper we describe the total synthesis of omega-conotoxin GVIA and demonstrate that it efficiently blocks voltage-activated uptake of 45Ca by standard synaptosomal preparations from chick brain. Dihydropyridines do not block 45Ca uptake under these conditions. Thus, the omega-conotoxin-sensitive, but dihydropyridine-insensitive uptake of 45Ca2+ by chick brain synaptosomes serves as a functional assay for a Ca channel target of omega-conotoxin. The use of synthetic GVIA should rapidly accelerate our understanding of the molecular biology of Ca2+ channels and their role in neuronal function.
Site-directed mutagenesis using a double-stranded DNA fragment as a PCR primer (1990)

Journal Article Site-directed mutagenesis using a double-stranded DNA fragment as a PCR primer Get access L.B. Giebel, L.B. Giebel Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinMadison, Wl 53706, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.A. Spritz R.A. Spritz * Laboratory of Genetics, University of WisconsinMadison, Wl 53706, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 16, 25 August 1990, Page 4947, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.16.4947 Published: 25 August 1990 Article history Accepted: 28 June 1990 Published: 25 August 1990
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Nitrogen‐Tethered Indoles and Alkylidenecyclopropanes: Convenient Access to Polycyclic Indole Derivatives (2013)

At the end of its tether: A new synthetic protocol for the preparation of polycyclic indole derivatives has been developed from a rhodium(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of a nitrogen-tethered indole and alkylidenecyclopropane, affording the corresponding tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives in moderate to good yields. Further transformations give a direct and rapid route to tetracyclic compounds through transition-metal catalysis.
[The effect of aloesin on melanocytes in the pigmented skin equivalent model]. (2008)

All the three depigmenting agents showed a concentration dependent suppression effect on the tyrosinase activity and formation of melanin, in which the tea polyphenols was the strongest effect( P <0.05). Aoesin has a good suppression effect on the tyrosinase activity and formation of melanin, but has a much lower toxicity, which could be used as a safe depigmenting agent.
Multiplex PCR assays for the detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from patients infected after cardiac surgery (2000)

Multiresistant staphylococci (82 Staphylococcus aureus and 114 coagulase-negative staphylococci) were characterized by testing with rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for species identification and detection of associated antibiotic resistance genes. These 196 staphylococci were isolated from 149 adult patients who developed wound infection after elective coronary artery bypass grafts and/or valve surgery. The multiplex PCR assays allowed identification of the most common staphylococcal species with S. aureus- and Staphylococcus epidermidis-specific primers as well as the detection of the erythromycin resistance genes ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2"), the oxacillin resistance gene mecA and the penicillin resistance gene blaZ. There was a very good correlation between the genotypic analysis by PCR and the phenotype determined by standard methods of susceptibility testing and identification of staphylococcal species: 100% for erythromycin resistance, 98.0% for gentamicin resistance, 99.0% for oxacillin resistance, 100% for penicillin resistance and 100% for S. aureus and S. epidermidis species identification. This study suggests that the incidence and distribution of the tested clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci associated with infections after cardiac surgery do not differ from those in strains from other infections. These multiplex PCR assays may be used as diagnostic tools to replace or complement standard methods of susceptibility testing and identification of staphylococci.
Discrete and infinite coordination arrays derived from a template-directed, solid-state, organic synthesis (2002)

A product derived from a template-directed, organic, solid-state synthesis, rctt-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)cyclobutane (2,2′-tpcb), serves as a bis-chelating ligand upon reaction with Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O and CuSO4·5H2O to produce discrete and infinite coordination arrays, [Cu2(NO3)4(μ-2,2′-tpcb)] (1) and [Cu2(μ2-SO4)2(μ-2,2′-tpcb)(H2O)2]n·9H2O (2), respectively.
A highly active thermophilic semisynthetic flavoenzyme (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA highly active thermophilic semisynthetic flavoenzymeDonald. Hilvert, Yasumaru. Hatanaka, and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 3, 682–689Publication Date (Print):February 3, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00211a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00211a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-4 is essential for the systemic transfer of delayed hypersensitivity by T cell lines. Role of gamma/delta cells. (1994)

Hapten (trinitrophenyl)-specific T cell lines were obtained by repeated stimulation of lymph node cells from immune mice with Ag in vitro. These T cell lines show phenotypic properties and a pattern of cytokine production typical of Th1 cells and consisted of more than 90% V beta 8.2+ T lymphocytes and 6 to 9% gamma/delta + T lymphocytes. The lines mediate a local passive transfer of DTH when injected at the site of Ag challenge but fail to mediate a systemic passive transfer of DTH when injected i.v. However, a successful systemic passive transfer of DTH was observed when IL-4 was given to recipient mice together with the T cell lines or when the T cell lines were incubated in vitro with IL-4. IL-4 enables systemic, specific passive transfer of DTH at a dose of 10 pg/ml in vitro and at a dose of 10 pg/mouse in vivo; it is effective when injected 4 h before cell transfer but not when given 1 to 5 days earlier. Cytofluorimetric analysis shows that the gamma/delta + cells and not the V beta 8.2+ cells of the line express IL-4R and a good systemic transfer of DTH is observed when gamma/delta + cells are incubated in vitro with IL-4 and then injected together with V beta 8.2+ cells into recipient mice. In contrast, injection of V beta 8.2+ cells treated with IL-4 together with gamma/delta + cells fails to transfer DTH. Overall, the present results show that IL-4 is an important mediator in the DTH reaction and that gamma/delta + cells are one of the targets of its action.
Functional Role of the Interaction between Polysialic Acid and Myristoylated Alanine-rich C Kinase Substrate at the Plasma Membrane (2013)

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a homopolymeric glycan that plays crucial roles in the developing and adult nervous system. So far only a few PSA-binding proteins have been identified. Here, we identify myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) as novel PSA binding partner. Binding assays showed a direct interaction between PSA and a peptide comprising the effector domain of MARCKS (MARCKS-ED). Co-immunoprecipitation of PSA-carrying neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) with MARCKS and co-immunostaining of MARCKS and PSA at the cell membrane of hippocampal neurons confirm the interaction between PSA and MARCKS. Co-localization and an intimate interaction of PSA and MARCKS at the cell surface was seen by confocal microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis after the addition of fluorescently labeled PSA or PSA-NCAM to live CHO cells or hippocampal neurons expressing MARCKS as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Cross-linking experiments showed that extracellularly applied PSA or PSA-NCAM and intracellularly expressed MARCKS-GFP are in close contact, suggesting that PSA and MARCKS interact with each other at the plasma membrane from opposite sides. Insertion of PSA and MARCKS-ED peptide into lipid bilayers from opposite sides alters the electric properties of the bilayer confirming the notion that PSA and the effector domain of MARCKS interact at and/or within the plane of the membrane. The MARCKS-ED peptide abolished PSA-induced enhancement of neurite outgrowth from cultured hippocampal neurons indicating an important functional role for the interaction between MARCKS and PSA in the developing and adult nervous system.
Phage Display Substrate: A Blind Method for Determining Protease Specificity (2002)

Phage display substrate enables rapid determination of protease specificity by exposing vast numbers of recombinant peptides to a given protease. Peptides released through specific cleavage are amplified in an expression system. Phage display substrate has been widely exploited and developed further. The number of proteases (from various sources) characterized by this approach testifies to its power. To conserve their advantage over chemical methods, however, phage libraries must be constructed accordingly. The current phenomenal progress in genomics steadily increases the number of protease to be studied. Phage display substrate should prove a powerful method to exploit this wealth of new knowledge.
Effects of Electrode Materials and Annealing Ambients on the Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1997)

In this work, we investigate the effects of the top electrode materials and annealing ambients on the electrical properties of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) TiO 2 films. Experimental results indicate that the leakage current is mainly determined by the work function of electrode materials before sintering. The capacitor with TaN top electrode reveals the least leakage. After 450° C and 800° C sintering in N 2 , owing to its thermal stability, WN is found to be the optimal material for withstanding high-temperature thermal treatment. From the annealing ambient results, N 2 O was more effective than O 2 in reducing leakage current, and furnace annealing in N 2 O ( FN 2 O) produces the smallest leakage. Such a phenomenon is primarily owing to the reduction of oxygen vacancies and carbon concentration in TiO 2 by the atomic oxygen generated by the dissociation of N 2 O during the thermal cycle, thereby improving film quality.
The video paper multimedia playback system (2003)

Video Paper is a prototype system for multimedia browsing, analysis, and replay. Key frames extracted from a video recording are printed on paper together with bar codes that allow for random access and replay. A transcript for the audio track can also be shown so that users can read what was said, thus making the document a stand-alone representation for the contents of the multimedia recording. The Video Paper system has been used for several applications, including the analysis of recorded meetings, broadcast news, oral histories and personal recordings. This demonstration will show how the Video Paper system was applied to these domains and the various replay systems that were developed, including a self-contained portable implementation on a PDA and a fixed implementation on desktop PC.