gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Major Gene for Powdery Mildew Resistance Transferred to Common Wheat from Wild Einkorn Wheat (1998)

ABSTRACT A major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) from wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, AA). NC96BGTA5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree Saluda x 3/PI427662. The response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici, and the line was resistant to all tested isolates. The analyses of P(1), P(2), F(1), F(2), and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from NC96BGTA5 revealed two genes for wheat powdery mildew resistance in the NC96BGTA5 line. One gene, Pm3a, was from its recurrent parent Saluda, and the second was a new gene introgressed from wild einkorn wheat. The gene was determined to be different from Pm1 to Pm21 by gene-for-gene and pedigree analyses. The new gene was identified as linked to the Pm3a gene based on the F(2) and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from a cross between NC96BGTA5 and a susceptible cultivar NK-Coker 68-15, and the data indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 1A. It is proposed that this new gene be designated Pm25 for wheat powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5. Three random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, OPX06(1050), OPAG04(950), and OPAI14(600), were found to be linked to this new gene.
The stability of different forms of double-stranded decoy DNA in serum and nuclear extracts (1992)

Journal Article The stability of different forms of double-stranded decoy DNA in serum and nuclear extracts Get access Barbara C.F. Chu, Barbara C.F. Chu The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesPO Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie E. Orgel Leslie E. Orgel * The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesPO Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 21, 11 November 1992, Pages 5857–5858, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.21.5857 Published: 11 November 1992 Article history Received: 19 August 1992 Revision received: 25 September 1992 Accepted: 25 September 1992 Published: 11 November 1992
American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline on Uses of Serum Tumor Markers in Adult Males With Germ Cell Tumors (2010)

The Panel recommended against using markers to screen for GCTs, to decide whether orchiectomy is indicated, or to select treatment for patients with cancer of unknown primary. To stage patients with testicular nonseminomas, the Panel recommended measuring three markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) before and after orchiectomy and before chemotherapy for those with extragonadal nonseminomas. They also recommended measuring AFP and hCG shortly before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and at the start of each chemotherapy cycle for nonseminoma, and periodically to monitor for relapse. The Panel recommended measuring postorchiectomy hCG and LDH for patients with seminoma and preorchiectomy elevations. They recommended against using markers to guide or monitor treatment for seminoma or to detect relapse in those treated for stage I. However, they recommended measuring hCG and AFP to monitor for relapse in patients treated for advanced seminoma.
PCR Protocols (2003)

In this new edition, the editors have thoroughly updated and dramatically expanded the number of protocols to take advantage of the newest technologies used in all branches of research and clinical me
Active and passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus (1999)

RSV is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants under 2 years of age. Evidence is accumulating that it is also underestimated as a cause of respiratory infection in adults, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Active interventions to control the impact of RSV infection have been hampered by a lack of understanding of the immune response to RSV in different age groups. A number of different strategies for developing RSV vaccines have been pursued, including live attenuated vaccines, genetically engineered live and subunit vaccines and peptide vaccines with varying degrees of success. The target populations for RSV vaccines include infants, the elderly and women of childbearing age, but the efficacy of different vaccines may differ according to age. Desirable immune responses and immune correlates of protection to RSV in humans remain uncertain and determining these is critical for introduction of any vaccines. Prophylaxis and treatment of RSV in infants using human immunoglobulin containing high titres of RSV specific neutralising antibody (RSV-Ig) has shown limited success in different infant populations. Prophylaxis of premature infants with RSV-Ig, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, has demonstrated limited clinical efficacy against RSV. In contrast, there are significant safety concerns for use of this preparation for prophylaxis in infants with congenital heart disease and no demonstrable efficacy in treatment of RSV disease in healthy infants. The cost of the preparation will limit use to highly selected infant groups. Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies to RSV offers another potential passive immunotherapy intervention for RSV, with increased specific activity and reduced side effects, although its use remains experimental.
Macrospirocyclic Oligomer Based on Triphenylamine and Diphenylphosphine Oxide as a Bipolar Host for Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) (2015)

A novel bipolar oligomer (TPA-PO)3 was prepared as a host material for efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Through the C-9s of the fluorene units, three triphenylamine units attached to diphenylphosphine oxide are connected in series to form a macrocyclic structure. The solution-processed phosphorescent device based on FIrpic and (TPA-PO)3 achieved a maximum current efficiency of 19.4 cd A(-1) and a maximum luminance of 11,500 cd m(-2) with a relatively low efficiency roll-off.
Blue Electroluminescent Diodes Utilizing Poly(alkylfluorene) (1991)

Blue electroluminescent diodes utilizing poly(alkylfluorene) have been demonstrated for the first time. A Schottky-type electroluminescent diode of poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) is driven at ∼10 V and has a peak emission wavelength of 470 nm at room temperature.
The Growth of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals by the Czochralski Method (1993)

The effects of the growth parameters of the Czochralski method on bubble formation were investigated. Pure Al2O3 single crystals were bubble free under both atmospheres of N2+1.5%O2 and N2+20%H2. Although Ti doped Al2O3 single crystals grown under an atmosphere of N2+20% H2 were bubble free, the crystals grown under an atmosphere of N2+1.5%O2 contained many bubble. The effective segregation coefficient of Ti ions was estimated to be greatly reduced under non-reducing atmospheres, possibly due to the valence state change of Ti from 3+ to 4+. The convection of the melt was remarkably enhanced under the reducing atmosphere and an influence of the atmosphere to the melt properties was suggested. The condition for the bubble formation is concluded to be similar to that of constitutional supercooling.
Inverse probability weighting (2016)

Statistical analysis usually treats all observations as equally important. In some circumstances, however, it is appropriate to vary the weight given to different observations. Well known examples are in meta-analysis, where the inverse variance (precision) weight given to each contributing study varies, and in the analysis of clustered data.
A Multi-Agent Based Approach for Modeling and Simulation of Bulk Power System Restoration (2005)

A Multi-Agent System(MAS) based approach for modeling and simulation of power system restoration is presented in this paper. The power system restoration process is represented as a multi-agent system with hierar chical architecture. Two major kinds of agents are in cluded, which are management agent(MGAG) and practical components in power system(PCAG). PCAG includes three types of agents: Generator Agent (GAG), Substation Agent(SAG) and Load Agent(LAG). When a subsystem with necessary components such as GAGs, SAGs and LAGs is built up, one MGAG is generated to in charge of the subsystem and provides negotiations between different PCAGs and with other subsystems. Each agent is granted with its own knowledge base, database and decision sup port base. In order to figure out a feasible restoration plan, a distributed computing structure is proposed. The compu tation tasks such as constraints check of operations and path search for power transmission are assigned to every agent in the MAS. Both decentralized control and central ized control are employed in this model to make up for the disadvantages of each control method. A sample simulation in a MAS platform is provided to demonstrate the validity of this model.
Rapid Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a Bacteriophage Cell Wall Hydrolase (2001)

Nasopharyngeal carriage is the major reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the community. Although eliminating this reservoir would greatly reduce disease occurrence, no suitable intervention has been available for this purpose. We show here that seconds after contact, a purified pneumococcal bacteriophage lytic enzyme (Pal) is able to kill 15 common serotypes of pneumococci, including highly penicillin-resistant strains. In vivo, previously colonized mice revealed undetectable pneumococcal titers 5 hours after a single enzyme treatment. Pal enzyme had little or no effect on microorganisms normally found in the human oropharynx, and Pal-resistant pneumococci could not be detected after extensive exposure to the enzyme.
Cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): female fertility of restored rapeseed with "Ogura" and cybrids cytoplasms (1988)

The study of Brassica napus L. plants carrying restorer genes introgressed from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) showed that these genes ensured restoration of male fertility in rapeseed for all the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm studied, i.e., "Ogura"-type cytoplasm and that of four cybrids obtained by protoplast fusion. Plants with high levels of restored male fertility were obtained. However, the introduction of restorer genes was accompanied by a large decrease in seed set. Observations of embryo sacs inside the ovules and correlation between number of seeds per pod and percentage of octonucleate embryo sacs indicated that low seed set could be attributed to a high rate of embryo sac abortion, mainly at the uninucleate stage. Introduction of too much radish genetic information was assumed to be the cause of this low female fertility. Female fertility must be improved before the restored material can be used for F 1 hybrid rapeseed production.Key words: Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer, cybrid, female fertility, embryo sac.
Toward a Complete Human Genome Sequence (1998)

We have begun a joint program as part of a coordinated international effort to determine a complete human genome sequence. Our strategy is to map large-insert bacterial clones and to sequence each clone by a random shotgun approach followed by directed finishing. As of September 1998, we have identified the map positions of bacterial clones covering approximately 860 Mb for sequencing and completed >98 Mb ( approximately 3.3%) of the human genome sequence. Our progress and sequencing data can be accessed via the World Wide Web (http://webace.sanger.ac.uk/HGP/ or http://genome.wustl.edu/gsc/).
Cancer treatment-related neuropathic pain: proof of concept study with menthol—a TRPM8 agonist (2015)

This proof-of-concept study indicates that topical menthol has potential as a novel analgesic therapy for cancer treatment-related neuropathic pain. Improvements in patient-rated measures are supported by changes in objective measures of physical function and sensation. Further systematic evaluation of efficacy is required.
Control circuit in an in-pipe wireless micro inspection robot (2002)

We have been developing an in-pipe wireless micro robot for inspection on inner surface of pipes. The robot consists of a CCD camera, a locomotive device, a system control circuit and wireless energy supply and communication devices. The robot moves in a 10 mm diameter pipe without wire and observes the inner surface of the pipe using the installed CCD camera. We have developed a compact control circuit which controls all the devices installed in the robot by commands from outside and transmits the image data from the CCD camera. As for the control circuit, the power consumption and the size are greatly restricted in order to be installed in the robot. In order to reduce the size of the circuit, we have newly developed an image data communication LSI based on a new architecture. The LSI is made of 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and has the size of 3.9 mm by 3.9 mm. To make the control circuit compact, we used a flip chip assembly for the LSI and eight more ICs in the robot. Through a fabricated prototype of the micro robot, we have successfully confirmed the wireless image data communication of 2.27 frames per second and control of the robot by microwave technology.
Biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin. A preferred pathway from tylactone to tylosin. (1983)

The efficiencies of bioconversion of twenty-three potential intermediates in the biosynthesis of tylosin were determined with a mutant strain blocked only in tylactone biosynthesis. The results indicated that tylactone, the first intermediate excreted by Streptomyces fradiae, is converted to tylosin by a preferred sequence of reactions which include: (1) addition of mycaminose to the C-5 hydroxyl position of the lactone; (2) hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl group to a hydroxymethyl group; (3) dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl group to a formyl group; (4) hydroxylation of the C-23 methyl group to a hydroxymethyl; (5) addition of 6-deoxy-D-allose to the C-23 hydroxymethyl group; (6) addition of mycarose to the 4'-hydroxyl group of mycaminose; (7) addition of a methyl group to the 2"'-hydroxyl position of demethylmacrocin, and (8) addition of a methyl group to the 3"'-hydroxyl position of macrocin to produce tylosin. The intermediates which lacked both neutral sugars (mycarose and 6-deoxy-D-allose) were biologically unstable, and substantial quantities of these compounds were degraded during standard bioconversion experiments. However, the amount of one such intermediate (O-mycaminosyltylonolide) degraded was substantially reduced when low concentrations of the compound were used for bioconversion, and under these conditions, much higher efficiencies of bioconversion to tylosin were obtained. We have shown that a mutant blocked in hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl group is also blocked in the further dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl group to a formyl group, and have confirmed in in vitro studies that the 2"'-O-methylation of demethylmacrocin must proceed the 3"'-O-methylation of macrocin to produce tylosin.
Orderly stimulation of skeletal muscle motor units with tripolar nerve cuff electrode (1989)

An electrical nerve stimulation technique, using single tripolar electrode, was shown to be capable of recruiting motor units according to their size, while allowing simultaneous but independent control of firing rate in the active units. Test paradigms consisting of established fundamental physiological concepts of soleus-gastrocnemius architecture, motor units conduction velocity, firing rate behavior of motor units of different sizes, and their susceptibility to fatigue were employed to validate the technique and demonstrate its utility as a basic and applied research tool.
Research on the Anomaly Discovering Algorithm of the Packet Filtering Rule Sets (2010)

The vulnerability analysis based on rule is playing an important role in the internet security. Many security devices such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems work on the packet filtering system of which rules are the bases. The consistency of the rules and security policies as well as the validity of the regulation configure are of importance. Thus we must check and find out the rule's anomaly in the set of the rules, which can influence the security policies. In this paper, we use the set theory to deeply research the checking technology of the rules to packet filtering system formally. On the basis of the formal definitions of packet, the rule and the five kinds of rule anomaly existed between two special rules, the paper proposes a rule sets anomaly discovering algorithm named ADPS which analyses the relationships between two rules and can precisely locate the anomaly of the rules. The paper also analyzes the influence to security policy caused by relationships among multiple rules and defines the anomaly of them.
Two-Helper RNA System for Production of Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus Particles (1999)

Alphavirus expression systems based on suicidal virus particles carrying recombinant replicons have proven to be a very efficient way to deliver genes for heterologous protein expression. However, present strategies for production of such particles have biosafety limitations due to the generation, by RNA recombination, of replication-proficient viruses (RPVs). Here we describe a new packaging system for Semliki Forest virus (SFV) based on a the use of a two-helper system in which the capsid and spike proteins of the C-p62-6K-E1 polyprotein are expressed from two independent RNA molecules. The capsid gene contains a translational enhancer and therefore that sequence was also engineered in front of the spike sequence p62-6K-E1. A sequence coding for the foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A autoprotease was inserted in frame between the capsid translational enhancer and the spike genes. This allows production of the spike proteins at high levels with cotranslational removal of the enhancer sequence and normal biosynthesis of the spike complex. The autoprotease activity of the capsid protein was abolished by mutation, further increasing the biosafety of the system. Cotransfection of cells with both helper RNAs and an SFV vector replicon carrying the LacZ gene led to production of recombinant particles with titers of up to 8 x 10(8) particles per 10(6) cells. Extensive analysis failed to demonstrate the presence of any RPVs, emphasizing the high biosafety of the system based on two-helper RNAs.
Drag reducing additives improve drilling fluid hydraulics (1995)

The use of drag reducing additives helps drilling fluids develop a lower pressure gradient at a constant flow rate under turbulent flow conditions. At a constant pressure gradient a treated mud will flow faster than an untreated mud because turbulence is suppressed. The phenomenon, however, is unrelated to the lubricity functions of a drilling fluid. Drag reduction cannot be predicted from the description of mud rheology obtained with conventional API test procedures, and the phenomenon is unrelated to shear thinning behavior. Flow properties predicted from the Bingham, power law, Herschel-Bulkley, or Casson models will not correlate with this phenomenon. Simple pipe flow tests can provide a direct method for detecting and quantifying drag reduction activity (provided care is taken in selecting flow conditions). Drag reduction activity can be determined without introducing complicated rheological parameters. These pipe flow tests can be helpful in comparing different types of drag reducing additives. They are also valuable in analyzing the effectiveness of a drag reducer for a particular drilling application.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies. 4. Analysis of Residual Lignin after Kraft Pulping (1998)

Residual lignin from a series of softwood kraft pulps was isolated and structurally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. Results of these analyses showed that residual lignin structure differs depending upon the lignin content of the pulp and the pulping technology employed. The lower lignin content pulps had reduced contents of aliphatic hydroxyl groups and β-O-4 structures and higher contents of phenolic hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, and condensed structures compared to higher κ number pulps. Analysis of residual lignins isolated from conventional kraft pulps (CK) and extended modified kraft pulps (EK) indicated that the CK pulps had lower contents of β-O-4 structures and higher contents of condensed structures. These differences potentially explain the improved delignification selectivity of EK kraft pulping because residual lignin with a higher content of β-O-4 structures and a lower content of condensed structures would be more reactive under pulping conditions.
The antiproliferative activity of c-myb and c-myc antisense oligonucleotides in smooth muscle cells is caused by a nonantisense mechanism. (1995)

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is thought to play a major role in vascular restenosis after angioplasty and is a serious complication of the procedure. Developing antisense (AS) oligonucleotides as therapeutics is attractive because of the potentially high specificity of binding to their targets, and several investigators have reported inhibition of SMC proliferation in vitro and in vivo by using AS strategies. We report here the results of our experiments on vascular SMCs using AS oligonucleotides directed toward c-myb and c-myc. We found that significant inhibition of SMC proliferation occurred with these specific AS sequences but that this inhibition was clearly not via a hybridization-dependent AS mechanism. Rather, inhibition was due to the presence of four contiguous guanosine residues in the oligonucleotide sequence. This was demonstrated in vitro in primary cultures of SMCs and in arteries ex vivo. The ex vivo model developed here provides a rapid and effective system in which to screen potential oligonucleotide drugs for restenosis. We have further explored the sequence requirements of this non-AS effect and determined that phosphorothioate oligonucleotides containing at least two sets of three or four consecutive guanosine residues inhibit SMC proliferation in vitro and ex vivo. These results suggest that previous AS data obtained using these and similar, contiguous guanosine-containing AS sequences be reevaluated and that there may be an additional class of nucleic acid compounds that have potential as antirestenosis therapeutics.