gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making development sustainable : the World Bank Group and the environment, fiscal 1994 (1994)

The past few years have seen an important shift in the design of development policies and investment, as the links between natural environment and economic development have been more deeply understood. Since the establishment of the Environment Department (ENVDR) in 1987, and the Vice Presidency for Environmentally Sustainable Development (ESD) in 1993, the World Bank has embarked on a major effort to incorporate environmental concerns into all aspects of its work. This report focuses primarily on activities in fiscal year 1994. Progress has been substantial in each of the four areas that comprise the Bank's environmental agenda: 1) assisting countries in strengthening their own environmental policies and institutions; assessing and mitigating potential damage from Bank-financed activities; 3) building on complementarities between sound development and sound environmental policies; and 4) addressing global environmental problems. Good progress has also been made in strengthening the Bank's internal capacity and the environmental programs of IFC and MIGA. The report also stresses that there is still enourmous amount of work to be done and outlines goals to be achieved next.
Synthesis of 3‐[1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl]propyl 4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl ether ([18F]fluoroproxyfan): a potential radioligand for imaging histamine H3 receptors (2000)

3-[1H-Imidazol-4-yl]propyl 4-fluorobenzyl ether (fluoroproxyfan), a potential histamine H3 receptor ligand, was labelled with 18F for clinical PET studies. The synthesis involved the O-alkylation of 3-(1-triphenylmethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanol with 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl bromide in the presence of silver triflate and a non-nucleophilic amine base. 4-[18F]Fluoroproxyfan was obtained within 100 min from the end of bombardment (EOB) in 10% radiochemical yield (decay corrected to EOB) with a radiochemical purity >99% and a specific activity >150 GBq/μmol. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the fusion glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice suggests possible conserved secondary structure elements in paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins (1992)

The gene encoding the fusion (F) glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice consists of 1657 bases and contains an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids which is more similar to the F proteins of pneumoviruses than to those of other paramyxoviruses. Computer-assisted sequence analyses can be combined with data on the antigenicity of various F proteins to suggest a possible arrangement of secondary structure elements common to all pneumovirus and paramyxovirus F proteins.
Sonification as a Means of Enhancing the Detection of Gene Expression Levels from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Biopsies (1996)

We describe a novel approach for the isolation and quantification of mRNA from archival specimens by using oligo(dT)25 paramagnetic beads and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A preliminary study is conducted to evaluate experimental conditions and the effects of varied periods of sonification on the yield of mRNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human biopsy samples. Validation of this approach will involve the comparison of observed beta-actin gene expression levels among different samples from the same patient after various periods of sonification. The novelty of this method is that it offers a means of analyzing archival samples using semiquantitative RT-PCR following sonification-enhanced mRNA extraction. The utility of this protocol allows for gene expression studies to be done effectively using the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival samples that are commonly available in all hospital pathology departments.
Laser Scanner-Based Navigation for Commercial Vehicles (2007)

In this paper a novel navigation system for commercial vehicles using laser range sensors is presented, which in particular supports backward driving of trucks and truck-trailer combinations in order to approach target objects or target positions precisely and collision-free. The system can be used in an autonomous or a semi-autonomous manner and is aimed to relieve drivers of the stress of maneuvering tasks and to help them avoid damages. A laser range scanner mounted at the rear of the vehicle measures the pose of all objects in the scene. After target selection the system generates a navigable path from the current position to the final target position. During the approach the system tracks the target object using a hierarchical, multi-phase object model and continuously computes the current vehicle pose. It controls the vehicle along the planned path by generating commands for autonomous steering and speed limitation as well as for braking at the final target position and for collision avoidance. The driver only supervises the approach and confirms vehicle motion by using the throttle pedal. For system evaluation a very challenging application example has been implemented which is backward driving under a swap body for picking it up and interchanging it. The prototypical application has been successfully tested with a truck and a truck-trailer combination under varying environmental conditions. The results prove the system's suitability for further applications.
α-Synuclein Protofibrils Inhibit 26 S Proteasome-mediated Protein Degradation (2008)

The impaired ubiquitin-proteasome activity is believed to be one of the leading factors that contribute to Parkinson disease pathogenesis partially by causing alpha-synuclein aggregation. However, the relationship between alpha-synuclein aggregation and the impaired proteasome activity is yet unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of three soluble alpha-synuclein species (monomer, dimer, and protofibrils) on the degradation activity of the 26 S proteasome by reconstitution of proteasomal degradation using highly purified 26 S proteasomes and model substrates. We found that none of the three soluble alpha-synuclein species impaired the three distinct peptidase activities of the 26 S proteasome when using fluorogenic peptides as substrates. In striking contrast, alpha-synuclein protofibrils, but not monomer and dimer, markedly inhibited the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of unstructured proteins and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of folded proteins when present at 5-fold molar excess to the 26 S proteasome. Together these results indicate that alpha-synuclein protofibrils have a pronounced inhibitory effect on 26 S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Because alpha-synuclein is a substrate of the proteasome, impaired proteasomal activity could further cause alpha-synuclein accumulation/aggregation, thus creating a vicious cycle and leading to Parkinson disease pathogenesis. Furthermore we found that alpha-synuclein protofibrils bound both the 26 S proteasome and substrates of the 26 S proteasome. Accordingly we propose that the inhibitory effect of alpha-synuclein protofibrils on 26 S proteasomal degradation might result from impairing substrate translocation by binding the proteasome or sequestrating proteasomal substrates by binding the substrates.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles (2008)

The synthesis of peptidomimetics is an area of research that has gained a lot of attention in recent years. Peptidomimetics are compounds designed to mimic the natural peptide but retain its activity with increased stability and bioavailibility, as a result of the structural changes introduced into the parent molecule. The most frequent of these changes are peptide bond surrogates, which contribute to the hydrolytic resistance of peptidomimetics. 1,2,4- and 1,3,4- oxadiazoles are commonly employed as bioisosteric replacements of the amide bond thus constituting these heterocycles as an important structural motif for the pharmaceutical industry. The article will therefore provide an insight into the synthetic methodologies leading to 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole formation to give the reader an appreciation of the field. This review covers all recent developments achieved in the classical synthesis. Additionally, it focuses on the emerging methodologies of microwave-assisted and solid phase synthesis, thus revealing the scope of influence that these methodologies have in the synthesis of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4- oxadiazoles.
Phase I trial of a ligand fusion-protein (DAB389IL-2) in lymphomas expressing the receptor for interleukin-2. (1998)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and possible antitumor activity of a ligand fusion-protein, DAB389IL-2, in a phase I trial. This was a multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation trial. Patients with preserved organ function and histologically confirmed relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), or Hodgkin's disease (HD) were eligible if their cancer was shown to express the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor by an immunohistochemical assay for the p55 or the p75 subunit. Patients received up to eight courses of DAB389IL-2 given as a short intravenous infusion daily for 5 days with subsequent courses every 21 days. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and tumor response was determined according to standard criteria. Seventy-three patients (44 men/29 women), aged 16 to 81 years (mean, 50.7) with CTCL (n = 35), NHL (n = 17), and HD (n = 21) were enrolled. The patients were extensively treated, failing 0 to 15 previous therapies (median, 4). Patients received one to six courses (mean, 3.3) of DAB389IL-2 over a range of 3 to 31 micrograms/kg/day. The dose-limiting toxicity was asthenia, establishing the maximum tolerated dose of 27 micrograms/kg/day. Approximately half of all patients had significant titers of antibody to diphtheria toxin or to DAB389IL-2 at the time of enrollment compared with 92% with titers at the end of treatment. The presence of antibody did not preclude clinical response. There were five complete (CR) and eight partial (PR) remissions in patients with CTCL with one CR and two PR occurring in NHL. The median time to response was 2 months and the duration of response was 2 to 39+ months. No responses were documented in patients with HD. DAB389IL-2 is well tolerated with an MTD of 27 micrograms/kg/day. This ligand fusion-protein showed antitumor effects in patients with IL-2 receptor expressing CTCL and NHL. Additional trials in these diseases are warranted.
Heteroatom-directed metalation. Lithiation of N-propenylbenzamides and N-propenyl-o-toluamides. Novel routes to ortho-substituted primary benzamide derivatives and N-unsubstituted isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteroatom-directed metalation. Lithiation of N-propenylbenzamides and N-propenyl-o-toluamides. Novel routes to ortho-substituted primary benzamide derivatives and N-unsubstituted isoquinolin-1(2H)-onesLawrence E. Fisher, Joseph M. Muchowski, and Robin D. ClarkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 9, 2700–2705Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00035a030Request reuse permissionsArticle Views910Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (831 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Output voltage integral control technique for compensating nonideal DC buses in voltage source inverters (1997)

Output harmonic minimization in standard pulse width modulation (PWM) pattern generators is based on the assumption that the input DC bus voltage is ripple-free. However, in a practical converter system, a nonideal DC bus deteriorates the quality of the inverter output voltage by introducing undesirable low-order harmonics that may be difficult to filter. The existing compensation techniques often use additional and complex circuitry to eliminate the effect of this ripple on the output voltage. This paper presents an online PWM pattern generator that inherently takes into account the DC bus ripple and generates gating signals required to produce high-quality sinusoidal output voltages. The technique is based on integrating the output voltage at a constant frequency on a pulse-by-pulse basis to ensure a sinusoidal volt-sec (V/s) distribution, irrespective of the input DC bus. The principles of operation are explained, and design equations are derived. The features of the proposed PWM pattern generator are illustrated. Comparison of the output voltage waveforms of those standard sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) techniques illustrate, in particular, the effectiveness of the ripple-rejection mechanism. Experimental results obtained on a 3-kVA laboratory prototype confirm the feasibility and features of the proposed pattern generator.
<title>Low Loss Splicing And Connection Of Optical Waveguide Cables</title> (1975)

The individual loss mechanisms contributing to the insertion loss of an optical waveguide joint are described and quantified. Losses attributable to the characteristics of individual waveguides as well as losses due to coupling technique are included. The identification and understanding of these loss mechanisms has led to the design of optical waveguide alignment and retention techniques that minimize or avoid these effects. To make a connector useful in field applications of optical cables utilizing these techniques, the hardware must be reliable, stable, low cost, quick, and fully intermateable, as well as providing low insertion loss. Experimental results are given that indicate extrinsic insertion loss as low as 0.3 dB is routinely attainable in each channel of multifiber connections utilizing low-loss optical waveguides.
Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan-1 (IMPG1) gene: a candidate for 6q-linked retinopathies (1998)

The interphotoreceptor matrix is a unique extracellular matrix occupying the space between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. Due to its putative function in the maintenance and integrity of the photoreceptor cells, it is conceivable that it is involved in retinal degeneration processes. More recently, a novel gene encoding a 150-kDa interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan, designated IMPG1, was cloned and shown to be expressed in both rod and cone photoreceptor cells. To assess this gene in human retinal dystrophies, we have now determined the genomic organization and chromosome location of IMPG1. It is composed of 17 exons ranging from 21 to 533 bp, including an alternatively spliced exon 2. Using somatic cell hybrid mapping and FISH analysis, we have assigned the IMPG1 locus to 6q13-->q15. As this interval overlaps with the chromosomal loci of several human retinopathies, including autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3), progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy (PBCRA), and North Carolina macular dystrophy (MCDR1), IMPG1 represents an attractive candidate for these 6q-linked disorders.
Remodeling of myocardium and arteries by chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive patients (1994)

Aim To investigate changes in left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function in hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Methods Structural and functional changes in the heart and iliac artery were studied by echocardiography and intraluminal ultrasound in 15 hypertensive patients following 6 months of treatment with the ACE inhibitor quinapril at 10–40 mg/day. Results Systolic/diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 156/100 mmHg to 128/82 mmHg within 2 months and remained stable during the next 4 months of the study. The left ventricular mass index was significantly reduced from 174 ± 86 to 161 ± 75g/m2 (−7.4%, P < 0.05). The reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with a trend towards an improvement in diastolic function, but left ventricular systolic function did not change. There was a 3.9% increase in iliac lumen area and a significant decrease of 10.7% (P < 0.05) in the ratio between the intimal-medial and lumen area, which represents a decrease in wall thickness. A key result was a statistically significant decrease in pulse-wave velocity, from 13.7 ± 2.6 to 12.1 ± 2.0 m/s, and in the modulus of elasticity, from 20.5 ± 7.2 to 15.8 ± 5.6 × 104 N/m2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that 6 months of treatment with an ACE inhibitor induced a significant regression in left ventricular hypertrophy and a reduction in wall thickness. In addition, the results indicate that chronic ACE inhibition can decrease the stiffness of large elastic arteries independently of a reduction in blood pressure.
Fibroblast migration is mediated by CD44-dependent TGFβ activation (2008)

CD44 contributes to inflammation and fibrosis in response to injury. As fibroblast recruitment is critical to wound healing, we compared cytoskeletal architecture and migration of wild-type (CD44WT) and CD44-deficient (CD44KO) fibroblasts. CD44KO fibroblasts exhibited fewer stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, and their migration was characterized by increased velocity but loss of directionality, compared with CD44WT fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CD44WT cells generated more active TGFbeta than CD44KO cells and that CD44 promotes the activation of TGFbeta via an MMP-dependent mechanism. Reconstitution of CD44 expression completely rescued the phenotype of CD44KO cells whereas exposure of CD44KO cells to exogenous active TGFbeta rescued the defect in stress fibers and migrational velocity, but was not sufficient to restore directionality of migration. These results resolve the TGFbeta-mediated and TGFbeta-independent effects of CD44 on fibroblast migration and suggest that CD44 may be critical for the recruitment of fibroblasts to sites of injury and the function of fibroblasts in tissue remodeling and fibrosis.
RNA transcription modulates phase transition-driven nuclear body assembly (2015)

Significance Living cells contain various membraneless organelles whose size and assembly appear to be governed by equilibrium thermodynamic phase separation. However, the dynamics of this process are poorly understood. Here, we quantify the assembly dynamics of liquid-phase nuclear bodies and find that they can be explained by classical models of phase separation and coarsening. In addition, active nonequilibrium processes, particularly rRNA transcription, can locally modulate thermodynamic parameters to stabilize nucleoli. Our findings demonstrate that the classical phase separation mechanisms long associated with nonliving condensed matter can mediate organelle assembly in living cells, whereas chemical activity may serve to regulate these processes in response to developmental or environmental conditions.
Electronics for the Human Body (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maf nuclear oncoprotein recognizes sequences related to an AP-1 site and forms heterodimers with both Fos and Jun. (1994)

The v-maf oncogene, identified from AS42 avian retrovirus, encodes a nuclear bZip protein. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of cell transformation induced by this oncogene, we determined the specific binding sequences of its product. Maf protein recognized two types of relatively long palindromic consensus sequences, TGCTGACTCAGCA and TGCTGACGTCAGCA, at roughly equal efficiency. The middle parts of these Maf-binding sequences completely match with two binding sequences for AP-1 transcription factor, i.e., phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoate-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive element (TRE) and cyclic AMP responsive element, suggesting partial overlapping of the target genes for Maf and AP-1. Furthermore, Maf efficiently formed heterodimers with the components of AP-1, Fos and Jun, through their leucine zipper structures, and these heterodimers show binding specificities distinct from those for Maf-Maf and Jun-Jun homodimers. Thus, a multiple combination of the dimers should generate a greatly expanded repertoire of transcriptional regulatory potential. DNA data base search for the Maf-binding consensus sequences suggested that some of the TRE-like cis elements reported previously may actually be the targets for Maf family proteins or their heterodimers with other bZip proteins.
Acquisition of substrate-specific parameters during the catalytic reaction of penicillinase. (1976)

The progress of the catalytic reaction of penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6; penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase) depends on the structure of the side-chain in derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (the parent substrate). Side-chains of one class promote the rate of the reaction and cause no deviation from the linear kinetics observed with the parent compound. By contrast, side-chains of the other class induce a time-dependent, reversible change in the parameters of the catalytic reaction. The rate decelerates considerably and then becomes constant; the decrease in kcat is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in Km. The initial parameters of the biphasic reaction, determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, approach those of the unsubstituted 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The final parameters, which are specific for each derivative, are not acquired when the native conformation of the enzyme is stabilized by homologous antibodies.
Subclassification of Preeclampsia (2003)

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disorder, and as with other diseases (e.g., type I and type II diabetes), progress in the understanding of this disorder would be assisted greatly if subtypes could be characterized. We suggest that a first step would be to subdivide preeclampsia into early-onset disease (< 34 + 0 weeks') and late onset disease (> 34 + 0 weeks').