gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single cell analysis of gene expression patterns of competence development and initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis grown on chemically defined media (2006)

Some pathogens are able to develop natural competence, which is a serious medical problem with the increased acquired multi-drug resistance of these organisms. Another adaptive microbial response is spore formation. Because of their heat resistance and hydrophobicity, spores of a variety of species are of major concern for the food industry. Using the model organism B. subtilis, we show that competence development and sporulation are initiated in a bistable and sequential manner. We furthermore show that both processes may be noise-based, which has major implications for the control of unwanted differentiation processes in pathogenic and food-spoilage micro-organisms.
[Significance of expression of T lymphoma invasion/metastasis gene in ovarian cancer cells]. (2003)

Tiam1-Rac1 signaling pathway plays a positive role in assessing tumor cell invasion and metastasis and provides a new target for gene therapy of ovarian cancer.
Endotoxin and interleukin-1 related hepatic inflammatory response promotes liver failure after partial hepatectomy (1995)

Impairment of various functions of the liver and concomitantly increased levels of parameters of liver damage, a clinical entity termed liver failure, is commonly seen after partial hepatectomy. We investigated in a rat model whether damage of the remnant liver was due to local inflammatory responses, and related to endotoxin or interleukin-1 (IL-1). To address this question, the effects of partial hepatectomy on infiltration of immunocompetent cells and expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen of macrophages in the remnant liver was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. Specific intervention with recombinant N-terminal bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI23) to neutralize endotoxin and with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to block IL-1 activity was used to examine the respective roles of endotoxin and IL-1. After partial hepatectomy, we found an influx of neutrophils, an increased expression of MHC class II antigens, and morphologic changes of Kupffer cells consistent with activation. These inflammatory events coincided with increased serum levels of markers of liver damage (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ammonia). Both neutralization of endotoxin and blocking of IL-1 activity reduced hepatic inflammation and reduced serum levels of aminotransferases and ammonia. In addition, liver cell proliferation as assessed by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was significantly enhanced when either endotoxin or IL-1 effects were blocked. Thus, our results suggest that local hepatic inflammatory responses inhibit liver cell proliferation and promote liver failure, presumably by affecting the functional capacity of the remnant liver.
Relaxation, Equilibrium Oligomerization, and Molecular Symmetry of the VASP (336−380) EVH2 Tetramer (2002)

An investigation of the structural and dynamic properties of the C-terminal fragment of the human protein VASP (VASP 336-380) has been performed. Full length VASP has been shown to be tetrameric in solution, and the C-terminal 45 residues of the protein have been suggested to be responsible for the oligomerization. We have expressed and purified a C-terminal fragment of the human VASP protein from residue 336-380. It was found to form a stable domain in its own right. The fragment was shown by CD spectroscopy to form a helical structure, stable under a wide range of temperature and pH conditions. A (15)N-HSQC-experiment exhibits only one set of peaks, suggesting a high degree of symmetry for a putative oligomer. Measurements of the rotational correlation time tau(C) of the molecule and analytical ultracentrifugation data show VASP (336-380) to be entirely tetrameric in solution. The secondary structure was confirmed from a (15)N-NOESY-HSQC experiment and is completely alpha-helical. We conclude that VASP (336-380) forms a tetramer in solution via a coiled coil arrangement and is solely responsible for tetramerization of full-length VASP.
Regulation by phorbol esters of amyloid precursor protein release from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing protein kinase C alpha. (1993)

Release of large soluble NH2-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease was measured in two Swiss 3T3 fibroblast cell lines (designated SF1.4 and SF3.2), overexpressing the alpha subtype of protein kinase C, and in two control cell lines (SC1 and SC2) (Eldar, H., Zisman, Y., Ullrich, A., and Livneh, E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 13290-13296). Basal release of APP was significantly increased in SF1.4 cells, but not in SF3.2 cells, relative to controls. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, elicited a concentration-dependent increase in APP release in all four cell lines. However, the estimated EC50 for this effect was lower in the two cell lines overexpressing protein kinase C-alpha (7 and 6 nM, in SF1.4 and SF3.2 cells, respectively) than in control SC1 and SC2 cells (56 and 22 nM, respectively). The absolute amount of APP released by maximal concentrations of phorbol ester was not altered by overexpression of protein kinase C alpha. The protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 (1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride) significantly reduced the response to phorbol esters in control (SC1) cells but not in cells (SF1.4) that overexpress protein kinase C alpha. Levels of cell-associated APP were slightly elevated, and rates of APP turnover were unchanged, in SF1.4 cells relative to controls. However, cell-associated APP levels were lower in SF3.2 cells than in controls. The results demonstrate that protein kinase C alpha regulates APP release in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and perhaps in other tissues, including brain, and may be the isozyme that mediates receptor-evoked release of APP.
Hot and Cold Fuel Volatility Indexes of French Cars: A Cooperative Study by the GFC Volatility Group (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In 1977 car manufacturers and petroleum laboratories joined to form the GFC volatility group with the objective of evaluating the sensitivity of the French car population to fuel volatility in hot and cold conditions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After having defined a suitable test method, carrying out a similar action to the CEC CF24 activities, cars and fuels were chosen to obtain the necessary information. Twenty five cars representing approximately forty percent of the current car population were tested in 1979-80-81. Fuels were made according to a statistical plan in order to minimize the test time, with the objective of evaluating car performance with characteristics like RVP-E70 and E100. Hot tests have shown that on the average, cars respond to the already known Fuel Volatility Index (RVP + 7. E70). In the same way, cold tests put into evidence what could be defined as a “cold” Fuel Volatility Index (RVP + 22.E100). The data obtained in both types of tests allow each participant to apply his quality criteria and to obtain satisfaction curves, examples of which are shown. During 1982 and 1983, ten more cars were tested with conventional and oxygenated fuels showing that, on the average, overall performance remains the same for a given volatility. The comparison of two different rating systems was investigated, pointing out that one must be careful when defining the respective influence of each driving period (acceleration, cruise, starting and idling).&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibition of Neovascularization to Simultaneously Ameliorate Graft-vs-Host Disease and Decrease Tumor Growth (2010)

BACKGROUND Blood vessels are formed either by sprouting of resident tissue endothelial cells (angiogenesis) or by recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, vasculogenesis). Neovascularization has been implicated in tumor growth and inflammation, but its roles in graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and in tumors after allogeneic BM transplantation (allo-BMT) were not known. METHODS We analyzed neovascularization, the contribution of endothelial cells and EPCs, and the ability of anti-vascular endothelial-cadherin antibody, E4G10, to inhibit neovascularization in mice with GVHD after allo-BMT using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We examined survival and clinical and histopathologic GVHD in mice (n = 10-25 per group) in which GVHD was treated with the E4G10 antibody using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytokine immunoassay. We also assessed survival, the contribution of green fluorescent protein-marked EPCs to the tumor vasculature, and the ability of E4G10 to inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice (n = 20-33 per group) after allo-BMT using histopathology and bioluminescence imaging. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We found increased neovascularization mediated by vasculogenesis, as opposed to angiogenesis, in GVHD target tissues, such as liver and intestines. Administration of E4G10 inhibited neovascularization by donor BM-derived cells without affecting host vascularization, inhibited both GVHD and tumor growth, and increased survival (at 60 days post-BMT and tumor challenge with A20 lymphoma, the probability of survival was 0.29 for control antibody-treated allo-BMT recipients vs 0.7 for E4G10-treated allo-BMT recipients, 95% confidence interval = 0.180 to 0.640, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic targeting of neovascularization in allo-BMT recipients is a novel strategy to simultaneously ameliorate GVHD and inhibit posttransplant tumor growth, providing a new approach to improve the overall outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Functional Differences in Epigenetic ModulatorsSuperiority of Mercaptoacetamide-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Relative to Hydroxamates in Cortical Neuron Neuroprotection Studies (2007)

We compare the ability of two structurally different classes of epigenetic modulators, namely, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors containing either a hydroxamate or a mercaptoacetamide as the zinc binding group, to protect cortical neurons in culture from oxidative stress-induced death. This study reveals that some of the mercaptoacetamide-based HDAC inhibitors are fully protective, whereas the hydroxamates show toxicity at higher concentrations. Our present results appear to be consistent with the possibility that the mercaptoacetamide-based HDAC inhibitors interact with a different subset of the HDAC isozymes [less activity at HDAC1 and 2 correlates with less inhibitor toxicity], or alternatively, are interacting selectively with only the cytoplasmic HDACs that are crucial for protection from oxidative stress.
Uplink and downlink beamforming for fading channels (2003)

We highlight some issues in the design of beamformers for transmission and reception in communications systems with antenna arrays at the base stations. We assume a radio channel characterized by frequency flat Rayleigh fading which is correlated (but not coherent) from antenna element to antenna element. Different design criteria are considered and we show the relationship between downlink and uplink formulations and solutions. The resulting beamformers are typically given by quadratically constrained optimization problems which could be expected to give increased robustness to signal cancellation. Unfortunately, signal cancellation is still present, but diagonal loading can be introduced to minimize the problem.
Studies on 1-Alkyl-2 (1H)-pyridone Derivatives. XIX. Reactivity of 1-Methyl-2 (1H)-thiopyridone and Its Derivatives (1973)

Reactivity of 1-methyl-2 (1H)-thiopyridone (I), 1-methyl-2 (1H)-thioquinolone (III), and 2-methyl-1 (2H)-thioisoquinolone (V) was compared with that of the corresponding oxygen compounds, 1-methyl-2 (1H)-pyridone (II), 1-methyl-2 (1H)-quinolone (IV), and 2-methyl-1 (2H)-isoquinolone (VI). In deuteration, I was less reactive than II, III entirely failed to react, and V reacted under a stronger reaction condition than VI. Bromination of I and V was carried out but they did not produce the expected products, although II and VI reacted easily. Grignard reaction as an example of the nucleophilic substitution reactions on III, which was most inactive to the electrophilic substitution reactions, revealed that III is more inactive than IV to this reaction and the yield was not good even under a more drastic condition.
Purification and Characterization of Neutral and Acid Sphingomyelinases from Rat Brain (1989)

Neutral and acid sphingomyelinases were copurified from a rat brain P2 fraction by extraction with 1% Triton X-100, followed by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, acetone powdering, extraction with 1% Triton X-100, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, and chromatofocusing. The neutral sphingomyelinase was eluted with buffer containing 0.4 M NaCl after the acid sphingomyelinase had been eluted with Polybuffer at pH 5.3. The neutral sphingomyelinase exhibited specific activity of 48,300 nmol/h/mg of protein, with 254-fold purification; the corresponding value for acid sphingomyelinase was 25,300 nmol/h/mg protein, with 668-fold purification from the P2 fraction. The purified neutral sphingomyelinase had no acid sphingomyelinase activity, and vice versa. The properties of the two enzymes were examined. A single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 67,000 was obtained on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for both enzymes. The pI was estimated to be 5.5 for both on isoelectric focusing. The native molecular weights of the neutral and acid sphingomyelinases were found to be 434,000 and 284,000, respectively, on gel filtration with Sepharose CL-6B. The single band obtained for each enzyme on SDS-PAGE was identified as an antigen with antibody raised against the purified neutral sphingomyelinase. Their amino acid compositions were very similar. The neutral and acid sphingomyelinases probably consist of common polypeptides and are immunologically cross-reactive.
Correlation between long-term survival in breast cancer patients and amplification of two putative oncogene-coamplification units: hst-1/int-2 and c-erbB-2/ear-1. (1989)

The incidence and association with 10-year survival of amplification in five protooncogenes or transforming genes were retrospectively examined using DNAs extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues obtained from 176 consecutive patients surgically treated for primary breast carcinoma. The incidences of greater than threefold amplification of hst-1, int-2, c-erbB-2, ear-1 (one of c-erbA), and c-myc were 12, 13, 16, 10, and 4.0%, respectively. hst-1 and int-2 were almost always coamplified (21/22), while c-erbB-2 and ear-1 were frequently coamplified (18/28) with almost the same copy number. The hst-1 and int-2 pair and the c-erbB-2 and ear-1 pair, localized on chromosomes 11q13 and 17q21-22, respectively, in normal cells, were inferred to be constituents of different amplification units. Amplification of hst-1 and/or int-2 was detected preferentially in the younger age group, and was correlated with poorer prognosis in cases carrying four or more copies of the genes. Amplification of c-erbB-2 and/or ear-1 was strongly correlated with poor prognosis in all 176 patients, especially those with lymph node metastasis. Amplification of c-myc was also correlated with poor prognosis. Cox's life-table regression analysis showed that amplification of c-erbB-2 had a prognostic value, which was independent of other known prognostic factors such as lymph node status and tumor size.
Hyaluronan in morphogenesis (1997)

Pericellular matrices surrounding migrating and proliferating cells in the developing embryo, in regenerating tissues and in other dynamic cellular events, such as tumour cell invasion, are enriched in hyaluronan. In addition to contributing to the unique structure of the pericellular matrix, hyaluronan interacts with cell surface receptors, such as RHAMM and CD44. During morphogenesis, these interactions of hyaluronan with the cell surface are important in several ways. First, hyaluronan-CD44 interactions have been shown to mediate endocytic removal of hyaluronan at critical stages of embryonic development. Secondly, hyaluronan provides an appropriately hydrated, pericellular milieu that facilitates cellular invasion. Thirdly, in-vitro studies suggest strongly that interactions of hyaluronan with RHAMM or CD44 are involved in cell movement and proliferation, which are critical events in morphogenesis.
Paclitaxel‐eluting composite fibers: Drug release and tensile mechanical properties (2007)

New core/shell fiber structures loaded with paclitaxel were developed and studied. These composite fibers are ideal for forming thin, delicate, biomedically important structures for various applications. Possible applications include fiber-based endovascular stents that mechanically support blood vessels while delivering drugs for preventing restenosis directly to the blood vesel wall, or drug delivery systems for treatment of cancer. The core/shell fiber structures were formed by "coating" dense core fibers with porous paclitaxel-containing poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PDLGA) structures. Shell preparation ("coating") was performed by freeze-drying water in oil emulsions. The present study focused on the effects of the emulsion's formulation (composition) and processing conditions on the paclitaxel release profile and on the fibers' tensile mechanical properties. In general, the porous PDLGA shell released approximately 40% of the paclitaxel, with most of the release occurring during the first 30 days. The main release mechanism during the tested period is diffusion, rather than polymer degradation. The release rate and quantity increased with increased drug content or decreased polymer content, whereas the organic:aqueous phase ratio had practically no effect on the release profile. These new composite fibers are strong and flexible enough to be used as basic elements for stents. We demonstrated that proper selection of processing conditions based on kinetic and thermodynamic considerations can yield polymer/drug systems with the desired drug release behavior and good mechanical properties.
DNA repair (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA repairGary M. Myles and Aziz SancarCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1989, 2, 4, 197–226Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00010a001https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00010a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tunable UV generation at 286 nm by frequency tripling of a high-power mode-locked semiconductor laser (1995)

We produced ultraviolet radiation by frequency tripling the mode-locked emission of an external cavity laser containing a tapered GaAlAs amplif ier gain element. The 429-nm second harmonic produced by a KNbO(3) crystal was sum-frequency mixed with the 858-nm fundamental in a Li(3)BO(5) crystal, generating as much as 50 microW of power at 286 nm.
Incorporation of 2'-Deoxy-6-thioguanosine into G-Rich Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Inhibits G-Tetrad Formation and Facilitates Triplex Formation (1995)

An efficient and expeditious method for the synthesis of S6-(cyanoethyl)-N2-isobutyryl (or trifluoroacetyl)-2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine (7 and 2) from 2'-deoxyguanosine (G) has been developed. Compound 7 has been incorporated into several G-rich triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) using solid-support, phosphoramidite chemistry. The purified oligonucleotides containing 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine (S6-dG) residues in the place of G have been characterized by nucleoside composition analysis. These modified TFOs have been shown to be stable in aqueous, as well as buffered, solutions normally used to assay triple-helix formation. It has also been demonstrated that partial incorporation of S6-dG is effective in inhibiting the formation of G tetrads in G-rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides, thus facilitating triple-helix formation in potassium-containing buffers.
Development of an In Situ Mouse Brain Perfusion Model and its Application to mdr1a P-Glycoprotein-Deficient Mice (2000)

An in situ mouse brain perfusion model predictive of passive and carrier-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was developed and applied to mdr1a P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-deficient mice [mdr1a(-/-)]. Cerebral flow was estimated from diazepam uptake. Physical integrity of the BBB was assessed with sucrose/inulin spaces; functional integrity was assessed with glucose uptake, which was saturable with a Km of approximately 17 mmol/L and Vmax of 310 mmol x 100 g(-1) x min(-1). Brain uptake of a Pgp substrate (colchicine) was significantly enhanced (two- to fourfold) in mdr1a(-/-) mice. These data suggest that the model is applicable to elucidating the effects of efflux transporters, including Pgp, on brain uptake.
Single Chain Variable Fragments against β-Amyloid (Aβ) Can Inhibit Aβ Aggregation and Prevent Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity (2004)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) is a major pathological determinant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both active and passive immunization studies have shown that antibodies against Abeta are effective in decreasing cerebral Abeta levels, reducing Abeta accumulation, and attenuating cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. However, the therapeutic potential of these antibodies in human AD patients is limited because of adverse inflammatory reactions and cerebral hemorrhaging associated with the treatments. Here we show that single chain variable fragments (scFv's) represent an attractive alternative to more conventional antibody-based therapeutics to reduce Abeta toxicity. The binding affinities and binding epitopes of two different scFv's to Abeta were characterized using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. An scFv binding the 17-28 region of Abeta effectively inhibited in vitro aggregation of Abeta as determined by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence staining and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, while an scFv binding the carboxyl-terminal region of Abeta (residues 29-40) did not inhibit aggregation. The scFv to the 17-28 region when co-incubated with Abeta not only decreased aggregation but also eliminated any toxic effects of aggregated Abeta on the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. The ability of scFv's to inhibit both aggregation and cytotoxicity of Abeta indicates that scFv's have potential therapeutic value for treating AD.
The Telecommunications Landscape: 1986. (1986)

Les bibliotheques doivent imperativement integrer a leur fonctionnement les technologies des telecommunications et de l'informatique