gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of human interleukin 2 to apparent homogeneity and its molecular heterogeneity. (1982)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2), produced with and without co-stimulation by the Burkitt's lymphoma line Daudi, was purified 37,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from lymphocyte conditioned medium by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and chromatography on blue agarose and on Procion-red agarose. The purified IL-2 showed a 10(6) U/mg protein sp act. IL-2 produced in the absence of Daudi cells had a mol wt of 26,000 as measured by gel filtration and an isoelectric point of 6.7. This IL-2 showed a 16,000 and 17,000 mol wt in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). IL-2, produced in the presence of Daudi cells (10(6)/ml), showed a mol wt of approximately 14,000, as measured by both gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, and an isoelectric point of 8.1. The purified IL-2 lacked detectable interferon (alpha and gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, B cell growth factor, T cell-replacing factor, and thymocyte-differentiating activity and was free of any contaminating proteins as judged by silver staining in SDS-PAGE. All three molecular forms of IL-2 were biologically active at concentrations of 10(-11) - 10(-10) M, supporting the growth of human and murine cytotoxic T cell lines.
Recombinant Human Monoclonal IgA Antibody Against CEA to Recruit Neutrophils to CEA-Expressing Cells (2008)

IgA is able to trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by recruiting neutrophils expressing the Fc receptor for the CHalpha chain. We herein describe the preparation of a human recombinant anti-CEA IgA antibody to kill carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing tumor cells via ADCC by neutrophils. A single chain Fv (scFv) gene was constructed using a cDNA library of a hybridoma clone that produces a human anti-CEA monoclonal IgG4 (C2-45). The scFv gene, linked with a CHalpha gene, was inserted into the pBK283 vector, which was cotransfected into BmN4 insect cells with the wild-virus BmNPV. After cloning and amplification, the recombinated virus was injected into silkworm larvae. The resulting human recombinant IgA, designated as 45scFvLCHalpha, was purified from hemolymph by Ni-affinity chromatography and characterized by ELISA, Western blotting, and the ADCC assay. 45scFvLCHalpha with an IgA antigenicity was bound to CEA and showed effective killing of the CEA-expressing cells in the presence of IFN-gamma-activated neutrophils. These data suggest the recombinant anti-CEA IgA antibody recruiting neutrophils maybe a useful means for the antibody-based immunotherapy of human CEA-expressing tumors.
Di George Anomaly and Velocardiofacial Syndrome (1990)

The velocardiofacial syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, characteristic facies, and learning disabilities. The Di George anomaly involves developmental defects of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, resulting in thymic and parathyroid hypoplasia and cardiac defects. The cases of individuals in two families help substantiate the notion that the Di George anomaly occurs as a feature of the velocardiofacial syndrome. The proband in family 1 was a male infant with persistent hypocalcemia and cardiac defects consisting of truncus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and abnormal aortic arch vessels. Autopsy revealed absence of thymic and parathyroid tissue, and the Di George anomaly was diagnosed. His father had a submucous cleft palate, T cell dysfunction, and facial features consistent with the velocardiofacial syndrome. This is the third case of male-to-male transmission of velocardiofacial syndrome. The proband of family 2 was a 4-year-old girl with developmental delay, persistent neonatal hypocalcemia, ventricular septal defect, T cell dysfunction, and facial features of the velocardiofacial syndrome. The Di George anomaly has been reported to occur in at least 18 different disorders. The observation that the Di George anomaly is a component manifestation of the velocardiofacial syndrome in these two families provides further evidence that the Di George anomaly is not a distinct syndrome of a single origin but rather a heterogeneous developmental field defect. It is proposed that all previously reported cases of autosomal dominant Di George anomaly are examples of the velocardiofacial syndrome.
Mechanical properties and structure relationships in drawn fibers of elastomer‐polyoxymethylene blends (1997)

Superdrawn fibers of an elastomer–poly(oxymethylene) (POM) blend have been prepared and investigated in terms of the structure and mechanical properties. The development of the mechanical properties along the fiber axis and the formation of a higher order structure during drawing were slightly retarded by blending, but the loop tenacity increased greatly with the elastomer content. The blend microtextures had an immiscible and phase-separated morphology in which the elastomer was dispersed in the form of streaks between the oriented POM layers, which allowed the fiber to split into smaller filaments on bending. The high loop tenacity of the blend fibers is due to an increase in the radius of curvature resulting from the filament splitting on bending, because the shear stress at the bending corner becomes higher as the radius of curvature increases. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical characteristics of 1.24-μm InAs quantum-dot laser diodes (1999)

The optical characteristics of the first laser diodes fabricated from a single-InAs quantum-dot layer placed inside a strained InGaAs QW are described. The saturated modal gain for this novel laser active region is found to be 9-10 cm/sup -1/ in the ground state. Room temperature threshold current densities as low as 83 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for uncoated 1.24-μm devices are measured, and operating wavelengths over a 190-nm span are demonstrated.
Structural analysis of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in erythropoietin (2001)

We previously demonstrated that high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/MS) equipped with a graphitized carbon column (GCC) is useful for the structural analysis of carbohydrates in glycoproteins. Using LC/MS with GCC, sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides were found in erythropoietin (EPO) expressed in baby hamster kidney cells. Sulfation occurs in a part of the N-linked oligosaccharides in the EPO. Sulfated monosaccharide residue in the sulfated N-linked oligosaccharide was determined by exoglycosidase digestion followed by sugar mapping by LC/MS. The linkage position and branch-location of the sulfate group in the tetraantennary oligosaccharide were analyzed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance. It was suggested that sulfation occurs on the C-6 position of GlcNAc located in the GlcNAcbeta1-4Manalpha1-3 branch.
High-Performance Separation of Nanoparticles with Ultrathin Porous Nanocrystalline Silicon Membranes (2010)

Porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) is a 15 nm thin free-standing membrane material with applications in small-scale separations, biosensors, cell culture, and lab-on-a-chip devices. Pnc-Si has already been shown to exhibit high permeability to diffusing species and selectivity based on molecular size or charge. In this report, we characterize properties of pnc-Si in pressurized flows. We compare results to long-standing theories for transport through short pores using actual pore distributions obtained directly from electron micrographs. The measured water permeability is in agreement with theory over a wide range of pore sizes and porosities and orders of magnitude higher than those exhibited by commercial ultrafiltration and experimental carbon nanotube membranes. We also show that pnc-Si membranes can be used in dead-end filtration to fractionate gold nanoparticles and protein size ladders with better than 5 nm resolution, insignificant sample loss, and little dilution of the filtrate. These performance characteristics, combined with scalable manufacturing, make pnc-Si filtration a straightforward solution to many nanoparticle and biological separation problems.
Cortical lesions induce an increase in cell number and PSA-NCAM expression in the subventricular zone of adult rats (1996)

The subventricular zone (SVZ) bordering the lateral ventricle is one of the few regions of adult brain that contains dividing cells. These cells can differentiate into neurons in vivo after migration into the olfactory bulb and in vitro in the presence of appropriate growth factors. Little is known, however, about the fate of these cells in vivo after brain injury in adults. We examined cell number and expression of differentiation markers in the SVZ of adult rats after cortical lesions. Aspiration lesions of the sensorimotor cortex in adult rats induced a transient doubling of the number of cells in the SVZ at the level of the striatum without consistent increases in bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells. Immunoreactivity to the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule, expressed by the majority of cells of the SVZ during development, increased dramatically after lesion. In contrast, immunolabeling for molecules found in mature neurons and glia did not increase in the SVZ after lesion, and immunoreactivity for growth factors that induce differentiation of SVZ cells in vitro decreased or remained undetectable, suggesting that lack of appropriate growth factor expression may contribute to the lack of differentiation of the newly accumulated cells in vivo. The data reveal that cells of the SVZ are capable of plasticity in the adult rat after brain injury in vivo and that the newly accumulated cells retain characteristics seen during development.
National Trends in Antiarrhythmic and Antithrombotic Medication Use in Atrial Fibrillation (2004)

Digoxin use in atrial fibrillation decreased over time, without concomitant increases in beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker use. Amiodarone replaced quinidine as the dominant sinus rhythm medication. Although oral anticoagulant use increased over time, particularly in the oldest patients, fewer than half of the patients at high risk for stroke were anticoagulated.
Crystallographic characterization of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase. (1986)

Recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase as expressed in yeast has been crystallized in three different crystal forms. Hexagonal plates grow from 2.4 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.5, and belong to the space group P6(3)22, with cell dimensions a = b = 113.5(3), c = 151.5(5) A, and Vm = 2.21 A3/dalton for two dimers per asymmetric unit. At 2.0 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.5, chunky wedges grow in space group C222(1), a = 205.2(6), b = 166.5(4), c = 145.4(4) A with a Vm of 2.43 A3/dalton for eight dimers per asymmetric unit. With polyethylene glycol 8000, pH 7.5-8.0, hexagonal prisms are obtained with cell dimensions a = b = 197.4(6), c = 43.1(2) A, space group P6, and Vm = 2.53 A3/dalton for three dimers per asymmetric unit. All of these forms diffract to high resolution, are stable to x-rays, and appear suitable for determination of the atomic structure. Crystals of the doubly mutated enzyme (Cys6----Ala, Cys111----Ser) grown from both micro- and macroseeds of the wild type protein demonstrate the feasibility of isomorphous crystallization of site-directed mutants of the cloned parent enzyme for comparative structure-function studies.
The Effects of Alternative HOME-AWAY Sequences in a Best-of-Seven Playoff Series (1998)

Abstract In the NBA and NHL, the usual playoff format is a best-of-seven series where the stronger team (based on regular season performance) is given the benefit of four games scheduled in its home building. Typical HOME-AWAY schedules are HHAAAHH (the 2–3 format) for the NBA and HHAAHAH (the 2–2 format) for the NHL. Assuming that games are independent Bernoulli trials, we show that each team's probability of winning the series is unaffected by HOME-AWAY sequencing but that the average length of a series is affected by HOME-AWAY sequencing. For instance, if one team is stronger than the other in both buildings, the 2–3 format has a higher expected number of games than does the 2–2 format. The results follow from simple probability calculations. The sporting context makes this an interesting exercise for students of statistics.
Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications (2012)

Within the framework of green chemistry, solvents occupy a strategic place. To be qualified as a green medium, these solvents have to meet different criteria such as availability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, flammability, and low price among others. Up to now, the number of available green solvents are rather limited. Here we wish to discuss a new family of ionic fluids, so-called Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), that are now rapidly emerging in the current literature. A DES is a fluid generally composed of two or three cheap and safe components that are capable of self-association, often through hydrogen bond interactions, to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than that of each individual component. DESs are generally liquid at temperatures lower than 100 °C. These DESs exhibit similar physico-chemical properties to the traditionally used ionic liquids, while being much cheaper and environmentally friendlier. Owing to these remarkable advantages, DESs are now of growing interest in many fields of research. In this review, we report the major contributions of DESs in catalysis, organic synthesis, dissolution and extraction processes, electrochemistry and material chemistry. All works discussed in this review aim at demonstrating that DESs not only allow the design of eco-efficient processes but also open a straightforward access to new chemicals and materials.
Endotoxin Binding by Charged and Uncharged Resins (1975)

Cholestyramine (Dowex 1-X2), a strongly basic anion-exchange resin, has previously been shown to bind bacterial endotoxin, preventing both its toxicity and intestinal absorption. Because hemoperfusion through charged and uncharged resins is practical, a study was undertaken to test the endotoxin-binding characteristics of a number of resins. The resin to be tested was washed and swelled overnight, and 1 mg/ml of 51Cr-labeled endotoxin was added and the mixture, agitated and incubated at 37 degrees for a specific time period. In the Dowex 1 series, the 1-X2 was superior to the 1-X4 and 1-X8 in its ability to bind E. coli endotoxin, removing about 90% from solution in 15 min. Increasing mesh size seemed to offer more binding sites for each Dowex 1 resin. Activated charcoal adsorbed about 90% of the endotoxin also, but Amberlite XAD-2 showed little binding capacity. Injection of filtrate from unlabeled E. coli and S. typhosa resin-treated solution into rats, demonstrated that both Dowex 1-X2 and activated charcoal prevented the transaminase rise noted in animals injected with solutions not so treated. It is concluded that Dowex 1-X2 resin and activated charcoal efficiently remove endotoxin in vitro, and may offer a unique method for removing circulating endotoxin in vivo.
Effects of imidazole derivatives on cytochromes P450 from human hepatocytes in primary culture (1992)

The expression of several forms of cytochrome P450 including P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A was investigated in human hepatocytes maintained in primary culture for 96 h in the absence or presence of 50 microM of various imidazole derivatives. These included ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, secnidazole and metronidazole. In addition, the typical inducers rifampicin and beta-naphthoflavone were used for comparison. Western and Northern blot analysis of microsomes and RNA prepared from these cultures as well as de novo synthesis experiments revealed that, among the imidazole derivatives tested, only clotrimazole was a strong rifampicin-like inducer of P450 3A. The expression of the other forms of P450 tested was not affected by the treatments. Analysis of the inhibition of 13 monoxygenase activities, including ethoxyresorufin and phenacetin O-deethylases, coumarin 7 alpha-, lauric acid 11- and 12-, mephenytoin 4-, debrisoquin 4-, and aniline hydroxylases, benzphetamine, aminopyrine, mephenytoin and erythromycin demethylases, and cyclosporin oxidase (representative of 10 different forms of P450 in human liver microsomes) revealed that ketoconazole was a strong and selective in vitro inhibitor of P450 3A (cyclosporin oxidase) with a Ki less than 1 microM. Clotrimazole and miconazole were also strong inhibitors of P450 3A-mediated activities in contrast to the other imidazole derivatives.
Python Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (PyNUFFT): An Accelerated Non-Cartesian MRI Package on a Heterogeneous Platform (CPU/GPU) (2018)

A Python non-uniform fast Fourier transform (PyNUFFT) package has been developed to accelerate multidimensional non-Cartesian image reconstruction on heterogeneous platforms. Since scientific computing with Python encompasses a mature and integrated environment, the time efficiency of the NUFFT algorithm has been a major obstacle to real-time non-Cartesian image reconstruction with Python. The current PyNUFFT software enables multi-dimensional NUFFT accelerated on a heterogeneous platform, which yields an efficient solution to many non-Cartesian imaging problems. The PyNUFFT also provides several solvers, including the conjugate gradient method, ℓ1 total variation regularized ordinary least square (L1TV-OLS), and ℓ1 total variation regularized least absolute deviation (L1TV-LAD). Metaprogramming libraries have been employed to accelerate PyNUFFT. The PyNUFFT package has been tested on multi-core central processing units (CPUs) and graphic processing units (GPUs), with acceleration factors of 6.3–9.5× on a 32-thread CPU platform and 5.4–13× on a GPU.
Estramustine-binding protein in rat and human prostate. (1988)

Estramustine phosphate, a nor-nitrogen mustard carbamate derivative of oestradiol-17 beta-phosphate, labelled with tritium in the oestradiol moiety, caused a higher concentration of radioactivity in rat prostate than did tritiated oestradiol-17 beta-phosphate or oestradiol-17 beta. Further studies in rat prostate demonstrated a protein that binds etramustine, the dephosphorylated metabolite of estramustine phosphate. The physical and chemical properties of this protein have been investigated, as has its presence in different organs of the rat and other species, including man. The finding of estramustine- binding protein in the human prostate gave rise to speculations concerning possible significance of estramustine phosphate's mechanism of action. The initial studies on estramustine-binding protein in rat and human prostate are briefly presented.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment (Part II) (1998)

In the last few years, enormous progress in the field of signal transduction inhibition has been made. Many companies have entered the field. Along with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, many other tyrosine kinases have been identified as interesting targets for drug discovery projects. X-ray data of more than 40 crystal structures of protein kinases, in most cases complexed with an inhibitor, have been published. Pharmacophore models for the binding of inhibitors in the ATP-binding site of protein kinases have been developed that are generally applicable, enabling the rational design of tyrosine as well as serine/threonine kinase inhibitors. It has been proven by numerous examples that the ATP-binding of protein kinases is an exciting target for the design of anticancer drugs. In many cases, it has also been demonstrated that through rational design it is possible to modify a lead structure in such a way that inhibitors with an altered selectivity profile are obtained. Chemical optimisation of several lead structures led to development candidates with potent in vitro and in vivo activity fulfilling the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, toxicological and technical (synthesis, formulation) requirements for a clinical candidate. Currently, there are seven tyrosine kinase inhibitors in early phases of clinical trials. In addition, several candidates are close to entering Phase I trials this year or at the beginning of next year. It is expected that positive results from clinical trials will greatly contribute to the clinical proof of concept of the value of signal transduction inhibition and will greatly stimulate further research in this area. This review is a continuation of a review with the same title of last year and summarises published patent literature and related publications between 1997 and September 1998.
Functional Gene Cloning and Characterization of MdeA, a Multidrug Efflux Pump from Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

A DNA fragment conferring drug resistance was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Staphylococcus aureus N315 using a drug hypersensitive Escherichia coli KAM32 as the host. Although E. coli KAM32 cells were sensitive to many antimicrobial agents, transformed cells harboring a recombinant plasmid carrying the DNA region became resistant to several structurally unrelated antimicrobial agents, such as tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, Hoechst 33342 and norfloxacin. These results suggest that the cloned DNA fragment carries a gene(s) encoding a multidrug efflux pump. We partially determined the nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA and found the mdeA gene within it. The E. coli cells transformed with the mdeA gene showed efflux activity of Hoechst 33342. On the other hand, S. aureus cells transformed with mdeA showed elevated resistance to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, Hoechst 33342, ethidium bromide and rhodamine 6G. Elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium was observed with transformed S. aureus. We found that the mdeA gene was expressed under normal growth conditions in S. aureus N315.
Three-dimensional superresolution colocalization of intracellular protein superstructures and the cell surface in live Caulobacter crescentus (2011)

Recently, single-molecule imaging and photocontrol have enabled superresolution optical microscopy of cellular structures beyond Abbe's diffraction limit, extending the frontier of noninvasive imaging of structures within living cells. However, live-cell superresolution imaging has been challenged by the need to image three-dimensional (3D) structures relative to their biological context, such as the cellular membrane. We have developed a technique, termed superresolution by power-dependent active intermittency and points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (SPRAIPAINT) that combines imaging of intracellular enhanced YFP (eYFP) fusions (SPRAI) with stochastic localization of the cell surface (PAINT) to image two different fluorophores sequentially with only one laser. Simple light-induced blinking of eYFP and collisional flux onto the cell surface by Nile red are used to achieve single-molecule localizations, without any antibody labeling, cell membrane permeabilization, or thiol-oxygen scavenger systems required. Here we demonstrate live-cell 3D superresolution imaging of Crescentin-eYFP, a cytoskeletal fluorescent protein fusion, colocalized with the surface of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus using a double-helix point spread function microscope. Three-dimensional colocalization of intracellular protein structures and the cell surface with superresolution optical microscopy opens the door for the analysis of protein interactions in living cells with excellent precision (20-40 nm in 3D) over a large field of view (12 12 μm).