gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of radiation-sensitive polymers and their application in lithography (2001)

The goal of this dissertation is to synthesize and characterize novel polymers designated as resists for lithographic applications. Although significant progress has been achieved in the design and preparation of new resists over the past decades, much remains to be accomplished. The focus of this research is to address some critical issues frequently encountered in designing new resists: (i) dry-etch resistance. A resist material must have sufficient dry-etch resistance for pattern transfer. Polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane methacrylate (POSS) is a structurally well-defined monomer that has an inorganic silica-like pendant group. In this work, a series of POSS-containing polymeric resists were synthesized and characterized. The results have shown that incorporation of POSS into the polymers increased their dry-etch resistance without sacrificing the sensitivity. A morphological study of the polymer films by high-resolution TEM was conducted in an effort to shed some light on how the silica cages assemble in the resist film; (ii) compatibility of polymer matrices and photoacid generators in chemically amplified resists. Chemically amplified resists, formulated by physically blending a polymer and a photoacid generator, can pose problems such as phase separation and nonuniform PAG distribution in the resist film. To circumvent these problems, a photoacid generating monomer was synthesized. A series of novel resists were prepared by copolymerization of this monomer with various comonomers. These resists offer a number of advantages over physically blended resists, such as excellent film formation behavior and high sensitivity. In contrast with the polymer/PAG blends, these resists had high acid generating efficiency independent of components and compositions of the polymers. In addition, the homopolymer of this monomer acted as a high sensitivity negative resist that did not suffer solvent-induced swelling phenomenon due to its single-component character. ^
Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development: March 9-12, 2009, Coronado, CA USA (2009)

The Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development was held in Coronado, California. The meeting was organized by the Society for Biological Engineering (SBE) and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); SBE is a technological community of the AIChE. Bob Adamson (Wyeth) and Chuck Goochee (Centocor) were co-chairs of the event, which had the theme "Delivering cost-effective, robust processes and methods quickly and efficiently." The first day focused on emerging disruptive technologies and cutting-edge analytical techniques. Day two featured presentations on accelerated cell culture process development, critical quality attributes, specifications and comparability, and high throughput protein formulation development. The final day was dedicated to discussion of technology options and new analysis methods provided by emerging disruptive technologies; functional interaction, integration and synergy in platform development; and rapid and economic purification process development.
TRANSCUTANEOUS NEUROMODULATION FOR THE URGE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY (2001)

Although preliminary, our results indicate that transcutaneous neuromodulation can improve symptoms of detrusor overactivity, as response to stimulation was noted in 76% of our patients and 56% were cured after 1 year. This therapeutic option is attractive for children because of its noninvasiveness and absence of adverse effects.
Laminins and retinal vascular development (2013)

The mechanisms controlling vascular development, both normal and pathological, are not yet fully understood. Many diseases, including cancer and diabetic retinopathy, involve abnormal blood vessel formation. Therefore, increasing knowledge of these mechanisms may help develop novel therapeutic targets. The identification of novel proteins or cells involved in this process would be particularly useful. The retina is an ideal model for studying vascular development because it is easy to access, particularly in rodents where this process occurs post-natally. Recent studies have suggested potential roles for laminin chains in vascular development of the retina. This review will provide an overview of these studies, demonstrating the importance of further research into the involvement of laminins in retinal blood vessel formation.
Flow cytometric determination of residual white blood cell levels in preserved samples from leukoreduced blood products (2007)

These results demonstrate that WBCs in WBC stabilizing solution-treated samples from LR blood components were stabilized up to 4 weeks at room temperature and that rWBC determinations made with a WBC enumeration kit by flow cytometry have the required precision, specificity, reliability, and accuracy in the relevant test range. This validated WBC stabilization and flow cytometric counting method is considered acceptable as part of a quality control program for leukoreduced blood products.
Thermal characterization of polymeric materials (1981)

Thermoanalytical instrumentation, techniques and methodology, P.K. Gallagher the basis of thermal analysis, B. Wunderlich thermoplastic polymers, R.P. Chartoff polymer blends and block copolymers, H.E. Bair and A. Hale elastomers, A.K. Sircar thermosets, R.B. Prime fibres, M. Jaffe, J.D. Menczel, and W.E. Bessy films, M. Jaffe, J.D. Menczel, and W.E. Bessy thermal characterization of composites, R.J. Morgan thermal analysis of additives in polymers, H.E. Bair.
Association of HIV infection with spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery (2011)

There is a significant association of HIV infection with PTD, both spontaneous and iatrogenic PTD. HAART use was predominantly associated with iatrogenic PTD.
Recombinant human growth hormone therapy in HIV-associated wasting and visceral adiposity (2005)

This article reviews the clinical data on recombinant human growth hormone therapy of body composition abnormalities in HIV-infected patients. Short-term recombinant human growth hormone therapy at pharmacologic doses modestly increases total body weight and lean body mass in patients with HIV wasting, resulting in improvements in physical capacity and quality of life. Short-term recombinant human growth hormone therapy has a clear dose-dependent impact on trunk and visceral fat in HIV-infected patients with central fat accumulation, resulting in improvements in perception of body image and a beneficial effect on lipid parameters. Recombinant human growth hormone therapy is also accompanied by dose-dependent side effects related to fluid retention and increased insulin resistance. The optimal treatment strategy, maintenance dose and duration of treatment have not been identified.
[Health and hygiene education in the light of decisions of the 25th Congress of the CPSU]. (1977)

Xax is a browser plugin model that enables developers to leverage existing tools, libraries, and entire programs to deliver feature-rich applications on the web. Xax employs a novel combination of mechanisms that collectively provide security, OS-independence, performance, and support for legacy code. These mechanisms include memory-isolated native code execution behind a narrow syscall interface, an abstraction layer that provides a consistent binary interface across operating systems, system services via hooks to existing browser mechanisms, and lightweight modifications to existing tool chains and code bases. We demonstrate a variety of applications and libraries from existing code bases, in several languages, produced with various tool chains, running in multiple browsers on multiple operating systems. With roughly two person-weeks of effort, we ported 3.3 million lines of code to Xax, including a PDF viewer, a Python interpreter, a speech synthesizer, and an OpenGL pipeline.
Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA. (1983)

Human retrovirus adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) has been shown to be closely associated with human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) [Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, I. & Hinuma, Y. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2031-2035]. The provirus of ATLV integrated in DNA of leukemia T cells from a patient with ATL was molecularly cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence of 9,032 bases of the proviral genome was determined. The provirus DNA contains two long terminal repeats (LTRs) consisting of 755 bases, one at each end, which are flanked by a 6-base direct repeat of the cellular DNA sequence. The nucleotides in the LTR could be arranged into a unique secondary structure, which could explain transcriptional termination within the 3' LTR but not in the 5' LTR. The nucleotide sequence of the provirus contains three large open reading frames, which are capable of coding for proteins of 48,000, 99,000, and 54,000 daltons. The three open frames are in this order from the 5' end of the viral genome and the predicted 48,000-dalton polypeptide is a precursor of gag proteins, because it has an identical amino acid sequence to that of the NH2 terminus of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) p24. The open frames coding for 99,000- and 54,000-dalton polypeptides are thought to be the pol and env genes, respectively. On the 3' side of these three open frames, the ATLV sequence has four smaller open frames in various phases; these frames may code for 10,000-, 11,000-, 12,000-, and 27,000-dalton polypeptides. Although one or some of these open frames could be the transforming gene of this virus, in preliminary analysis, DNA of this region has no homology with the normal human genome.
Comparison of TE and TM Inversions in the Framework of the Gauss-Newton Method (2010)

The Gauss-Newton inversion method in conjunction with a regularized formulation of the inverse scattering problem is used to invert transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) data. The utilized data sets consist of experimental data provided by the Institut Fresnel as well as synthetic data. The TE inversion outperformed the TM inversion when utilizing near-field scattering data collected using only a few transmitters and receivers. However, very little difference was found between TE and TM inversions when using far-field scattering data. It is conjectured that the reason for the better performance of the near-field TE result is that the near-field TE data contains more information than the near-field TM data at each receiver point. In all cases considered herein, the TE inversion required equal or fewer iterations than the TM inversion. The per-iteration computational complexity of both TE and TM inversions is discussed in the framework of the Gauss-Newton inversion method. Actual costs are consistent with the computational complexity analysis that is given.
Section Review Biologicals & Immunologicals: Advances in antibody engineering (1996)

Our ability to genetically modify antibody molecules has been dramatically enhanced by a number of technological breakthroughs, including the ability to rapidly and easily clone the variable region genes, and the development of good expression systems. In addition phage display technology has given a new impetus to the field by allowing the isolation and modification of novel antibodies. This paper reviews these important areas, and describes some of the more common genetic constructs that have been produced. Such recombinant molecules are entering clinical trials more frequently and will become increasingly important as diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Fabrication and Nanocompression Testing of Aligned Carbon‐Nanotube–Polymer Nanocomposites (2007)

The reinforcement of fiber–polymer composites with arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported. Nanocomposite features containing vertically aligned CNTs and a commercially available polymer are fabricated and mechanically characterized with a direct nanocompression method using a flat punch mounted on a nanoindenter (see figure). The results show a reinforcement of 220 % at a CNT volume fraction of 2 %. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0237_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A general method for greatly improving the affinity of antibodies by using combinatorial libraries (2005)

Look-through mutagenesis (LTM) is a multidimensional mutagenesis method that simultaneously assesses and optimizes combinatorial mutations of selected amino acids. The process focuses on a precise distribution within one or more complementarity determining region (CDR) domains and explores the synergistic contribution of amino acid side-chain chemistry. LTM was applied to an anti-TNF-alpha antibody, D2E7, which is a challenging test case, because D2E7 was highly optimized (K(d) = 1 nM) by others. We selected and incorporated nine amino acids, representative of the major chemical functionalities, individually at every position in each CDR and across all six CDRs (57 aa). Synthetic oligonucleotides, each introducing one amino acid mutation throughout the six CDRs, were pooled to generate segregated libraries containing single mutations in one, two, and/or three CDRs for each V(H) and V(L) domain. Corresponding antibody libraries were displayed on the cell surface of yeast. After positive binding selection, 38 substitutions in 21 CDR positions were identified that resulted in higher affinity binding to TNF-alpha. These beneficial mutations in both V(H) and V(L) were represented in two combinatorial beneficial mutagenesis libraries and selected by FACS to produce a convergence of variants that exhibit between 500- and 870-fold higher affinities. Importantly, these enhanced affinities translate to a 15- to 30-fold improvement in in vitro TNF-alpha neutralization in an L929 bioassay. Thus, this LTM/combinatorial beneficial mutagenesis strategy generates a comprehensive energetic map of the antibody-binding site in a facile and rapid manner and should be broadly applicable to the affinity maturation of antibodies and other proteins.
The lacI Gene: Its Role in lac Operon Control and Its Use as a Genetic System (1980)

INTRODUCTION One of the lasting contributions of the work of Jacob and Monod is that we can now envision the previously abstract notion of genetic control in terms of concrete, physical models. This is principally due to the conceptual breakthrough made during their studies of phage λ immunity and the enzymes concerned with lactose metabolism in Escherichia coli (Jacob and Monod 1961), namely, the idea that genes can be under the control of other “regulatory genes,” and that regulation is carried out by an intermediate which is often the direct product of the regulatory gene itself. A dominant theme in biology is that nature favors selective rather than instructive modes of development and control. This is evident not only for evolution and embryogenesis, but also for antibody synthesis and now gene control. For instance, rather than instructing a cell to acquire the capacity to synthesize a specific antibody molecule, a particular antigen is recognized, thereby selecting for the proliferation of cells in which this capacity preexisted. Jacob and Monod showed that, in a similar fashion, lactose does not dictate to cells how to synthesize an enzyme with the appropriate stereospecific properties; instead, recognition of lactose at the molecular level permits selection of enhanced expression of several of the many genes already present which are involved in the metabolism of different sugars.1 In the specific case of the lac operon, the product of the I gene, the repressor , was postulated to bind to a small region of the DNA, termed the...
Hardware Support for Dynamic Access Ordering: Performance of Some Design Options (1993)

Hardware Support for Dynamic Access Ordering: Performance of Some Design Options Sally A. McKee Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, 22903 mckee@virginia.edu Memory bandwidth is rapidly becoming the performance bottleneck in the application of high performance microprocessors to vector-like algorithms, including the &amp;quot;grand challenge &amp;quot; scientific problems. Caching is not the sole solution for these applications due to the poor temporal and spatial locality of their data accesses. Moreover, the nature of memories themselves has changed. Achieving greater bandwidth requires exploiting the characteristics of memory components &amp;quot;on the other side of the cache&amp;quot; --- they should not be treated as uniform access-time RAM. This paper describes the use of hardware-assisted access ordering on a uniprocessor system. Our technique combines compile-time detection of memory access patterns with a memory subsystem that decouples the order of requests generated by t...
A phase 2 trial of complete resection for stage IV melanoma (2011)

In a prospective multicenter setting, appropriately selected patients with stage IV melanoma achieved prolonged overall survival after complete surgical resection. Although median relapse-free survival was only 5 months, patients could still frequently undergo subsequent surgery for isolated recurrences. This patient population is appropriate for aggressive surgical therapy and for trials evaluating adjuvant therapy.
Ikappa B kinaseβ/nuclear factor‐κB activation controls the development of liver metastasis by way of interleukin‐6 expression† (2009)

Collectively, these observations suggest that IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation controls the development of liver metastasis by way of IL-6 expression and is a potential target for the development of antimetastatic drugs.
Controlling Exciton Diffusion in Multilayer White Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices (2002)

Fully electrophosphorescent organic LEDs can take advantage of the diffusion of triplets to produce bright white devices with high power and quantum efficiencies. It is shown that the device color can be tuned by varying the thickness and the dopant concentrations in each layer, and by introducing exciton blocking layers between emissive layers. The Figure depicts the device structure used to probe the triplet exciton concentration.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 in a sterilized tissue derived from the pig small intestine submucosa (2003)

The extracellular matrices of connective tissues contain growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. The possibility arises, therefore, that animal connective tissues that have been excised and rendered acellular in the sterilization, lyophilization, and other preparative processes for human use may still retain active growth factors that could contribute to the clinical efficacy of the product. We therefore analyzed 4M guanidine HCl extracts of a sterilized, acellular matrix, Oasis Wound Matrix, for the presence of TGF-beta1 by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the soluble type II receptor for TGF-beta to capture the growth factor, and for biological activity by testing the capacity of the extracts to inhibit 3[H]thymidine incorporation into Mv1Lu cells (mink lung epithelial cells). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined that TGF-beta1 was present at a concentration of 710.9 +/- 157.7 pg/g dry weight of tissue in Oasis and 768.1 +/- 182.1 pg/g dry weight of tissue in SIS (porcine small intestinal submucosa), the disinfected precursor of Oasis. The growth inhibition assays demonstrated that the Oasis extracts inhibited the proliferation of Mv1Lu cells in culture, consistent with the TGF-beta1 in the material having biological activity. Most of the TGF-beta1 survives the sterilization and lyophilization processes in the preparation of the Oasis Wound Matrix, and is functional in its ability to bind to its receptor and, apparently, in its capacity to inhibit growth.
Melting point depression of Al clusters generated during the early stages of film growth: Nanocalorimetry measurements (1998)

This work investigates the thermodynamic properties of small structures of Al using an ultrasensitive thin-film differential scanning calorimeter. Al thin films were deposited onto a Si3N4 surface via thermal evaporation over a range of thicknesses from 6 to 50 Å. The Al films were discontinuous and formed nanometer-sized clusters. Calorimetry measurements demonstrated that the melting point of the clusters is lower than the value for bulk Al. We show that the melting point of the clusters is size dependent, decreasing by as much as 140 °C for 2 nm clusters. The results have relevance in several key areas for Al metallization in micro-electronics including the early stages of film growth and texture formation, the Al reflow process, and the dimensional stability of high aspect ratio Al lines.
A Case of Childhood Auditory Agnosia due to Bilateral Temporal Lesions. (1992)

2歳7カ月時に罹患した単純ヘルペス脳炎により両側側頭葉聴覚領野を含む損傷を受け, 聴覚失認を呈した症例の聴覚および視覚を媒介とする言語の発達経過を報告した.解剖学的にはCTスキャンで左右の聴皮質を含む上側頭回に低吸収域, MRIで左右の横側頭回に低信号域を認めた.電気生理学的には聴性脳幹反応 (ABR) 検査で末梢・脳幹の聴覚伝導路には障害を認めなかった.神経心理学的検査では精神発達の遅れ, 口腔器官の運動障害がみられた.行動反応聴力検査では域値の変動がみられるが, 軽度～中等度の域値上昇を示した.語音・環境音・音楽の認知, 音の方向定位の障害を認め, あまり改善しなかった.発症後音声言語の理解・表出が全く不可能となった.身振りサインや手話を用いた言語指導により文レベルでのコミュニケーションが可能となった.しかし, 指文字や文字の習得は困難であった.
Surface modification of titanium oxide nanocrystals with PEG (2012)

In this study, surface modification of titanium oxide nanocrystals has been considered. PEG was employed to make bio-conjugated TiO2 nanopowders (TNPs). On the basis of the modification process, the effect of PEG on the size and morphology of prepared samples has been evaluated. It was found that the addition stage of PEG plays a critical role in the characteristics of TiO2 nanopowders. It was shown that PEG affects sol–gel reactions and the crystallization process of the prepared titanium oxide nanoparticles. PEG must be added before starting the synthesis to get well-defined size distribution, compared to post-synthesis. However, TiO2/PEG nanoparticles synthesized by the second approach have good photocatalytic performance, and the photodecomposition test of methylene blue proves that the addition of PEG after the synthesis of TiO2 improves the photocatalytic properties of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. This phenomenon will affect TiO2 functionality, as well.
Cloning and expression of a hypoxic and nitrogen inducible maize alanine aminotransferase gene (1998)

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) is regulated by hypoxia in the roots of several plant species, and by light and nitrogen stress in the leaves of the C 4 plant, broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum ). In order to more fully characterize the regulation of ALT, we isolated a maize alt genomic clone that has high sequence homology to the coding regions of both the barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) and P. miliaceum alt cDNA clones. This is the first plant alt gene isolated to date. The alt gene consists of 15 exons, and has regions of the promoter that are similar to the maize Anaerobic Responsive Element, and to the maize 27‐kDa zein promoter. ALT activity increased 2.1‐fold in roots after 96 h of hypoxic stress, but did not increase significantly in either root or leaf tissue when the plant was subjected to anaerobic conditions. Northern analysis of hypoxic root tissue showed an 18‐fold increase in a single alt mRNA band after 8 h of hypoxic stress, followed by a continual decline in mRNA levels. ALT activity and mRNA levels were also found to increase in root tissue after recovery from nitrogen stress but not after salt, cold or heat stress conditions. These interesting patterns of ALT expression in maize roots as a result of exposure to hypoxia and nitrogen stress are discussed.