gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Black lipid membranes stabilized through substrate conjugation to a hydrogel (2008)

Recent research in stabilizing lipid bilayer membranes has been directed toward tethering the membrane to a solid surface or contacting the membrane with a solid support such as a gel. It is also known that the solvent annulus plays an important role in lipid bilayer stability. In this work, the authors set out to stabilize the solvent annulus. Glass substrates with approximately 500 mum apertures were functionalized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to allow cross-linking with a surrounding polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate hydrogel. The hydrogel makes a conformal mold around both the lipid bilayer and the solvent reservoir. Since the hydrogel is covalently conjugated with the glass substrate via vinyl groups, the solvent annulus is prevented from leaving the aperture boundary. Measurements of a membrane created with this approach showed that it remained a stable bilayer with a resistance greater than 1 GOmega for 12 days. Measurements of the ion channel gramicidin A, alpha-hemolysin, and alamethicin incorporated into these membranes showed the same conductance behavior as conventional membranes.
Cross‐sectional TEM investigation of nickel‐catalysed carbon nanotube films grown by plasma‐enhanced CVD (2005)

Summary Nickel‐catalysed multiwall carbon nanotubes synthesized by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition on a silicon substrate with acetylene and ammonia at 700 °C have been characterized by high‐resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy. The nucleation of the carbon nanotubes occurs as a consequence of the carburization and dusting of supported preformed nickel‐ and silicon‐rich particles. This process yields disintegrated silicon‐containing nickel particles dispersed in dome‐shaped carbon islands adherent to the substrate. The particles act as catalysts for tube growth, resulting in aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes with a bamboo‐like structure anchored to the dome‐shaped carbon islands. The bottom part of the carbon islands contains bundles of graphene sheets orientated parallel to the substrate. The nanotubes are capped with fcc nickel particles containing dissolved silicon. Most of these particles have a conical shape orientated with a &lt;110&gt; direction along the tube growth axis, and with {110} and {111} planes as exposed faces.
A New Algorithm For Watershed Segmentation of Cells in Marrow (2005)

A new watershed segmentation algorithm of binary images based on the convex property of cells is proposed in this study. A distance map is developed to determine the number of seeds due to iterative erosion. The ultra-erosion aggregate is considered as seeds to separate the cell cluster, and images are grown by dilation from these seeds until all the image pixels are assimilated except the convex boundary. In order to speed up the computation while maintaining a good cell contour, the choice and growing of seeds are under control.
Fast, arbitrary BRDF shading for low-frequency lighting using spherical harmonics (2002)

Real-time shading using general (e.g., anisotropic) BRDFs has so far been limited to a few point or directional light sources. We extend such shading to smooth, area lighting using a low-order spherical harmonic basis for the lighting environment. We represent the 4D product function of BRDF times the cosine factor (dot product of the incident lighting and surface normal vectors) as a 2D table of spherical harmonic coefficients. Each table entry represents, for a single view direction, the integral of this product function times lighting on the hemisphere expressed in spherical harmonics. This reduces the shading integral to a simple dot product of 25 component vectors, easily evaluatable on PC graphics hardware. Non-trivial BRDF models require rotating the lighting coefficients to a local frame at each point on an object, currently forming the computational bottleneck. Real-time results can be achieved by fixing the view to allow dynamic lighting or vice versa. We also generalize a previous method for precomputed radiance transfer to handle general BRDF shading. This provides shadows and interreflections that respond in real-time to lighting changes on a preprocessed object of arbitrary material (BRDF) type.
Axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury: A perspective and new technique (1986)

A set of techniques is described for determining the response of mammalian spinal axons to transection. The logical selection and the advantages of these techniques are discussed. The dorsal column of guinea pig thoracic spinal cord was transected with a tungsten needle and the position of the lesion was marked by a staple-shaped wire device (Foerster: J. Comp. Neurol. 210:335-356, '82). The morphology of dorsal column axons projecting rostrally toward the lesion was examined between 1 and 50 days postlesion by anterograde staining with horseradish peroxidase, applied to a second lesion of the dorsal column two to three vertebral segments caudal to the first. Axons damaged by the original lesion were found to die back 1-2 mm from the plane of transection and at 18-20 hours were characterized by terminal club-shaped swellings attached to the proximal axon by a thin connection. At 50 days postlesion there was some evidence of limited regenerative responses in terms of growth-cone-like axon terminals, and the presence of aberrant axonal branching, but no evidence of regenerating axons approaching close to the plane of transection. These findings are in agreement with previous studies indicating little or no effective regrowth of myelinated axons in the mammalian spinal cord. These same techniques were used in a succeeding study to examine the effects of applied electric fields on the axonal response to transection.
Cycloaddition reactions of heteroaromatic six-membered rings (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition reactions of heteroaromatic six-membered ringsAlan R. Katritzky and Nicholas DennisCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 4, 827–861Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00094a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00094a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1885Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-complex formation of nicotinamide-modified dextran with carboxymethyl dextran using their degradation products (2000)

A pseudo-metabolic cycle as a self-degradation system was designed: enzymatic degradation products from a polysaccharide generate oxidants which introduce a cationic charge into the polysaccharide chains, and can form a polyion complex with an anionic polysaccharide. As a component of such a system, dextran, with various degrees of nicotinamide substitution, was prepared. Its degradation by dextranase, redox reaction via glucose oxidase-catalysis, and polyion complex formation with carboxymetyl dextran (CMD) were examined. Nicotinamide-modified dextran (NA-Dex) with nine nicotinamide moieties per 100 glucose units was soluble in PBS and completely oxidized by > 100 mM H2O2. The oxidized type of NA-Dex was found to form a 1:1 complex with CMD. By the addition of dextranase, isomaltase, and glucose oxidase (GOD) to phosphate buffer solution of the reduced type of NA-Dex and CMD, the transmittance of the solution dropped, suggesting polyion complex formation via the oxidation of 1,4-dihydronicotinamide in NA-Dex by H2O2 generated from GOD-catalytic reaction. These findings are of great importance for designing a self-complex formation system aimed at biodegradable and osillative drug release.
[Preparation and bioactivity of anti-human red blood cell ScFv and CSFV E2 bifunctional fusion protein]. (2010)

The aim of this study is to construct a bifunctional fusion protein, which can conjugate both human red blood cells and antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). We respectively amplified 2E8ScFv and mE2 genes from different recombinant vectors, in which 2E8ScFv gene is the single chain Fv gene against H antigen of human red blood cells, whereas mE2 gene is the main antigen coding region gene of CSFV E2 protein. We used overlap extension PCR to obtain an artificial fusion gene segment 2E8mE2 containing genes of Both 2E8ScFv and mE2, then ligated into the expression vector pET-DsbA and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) PlysS host cells, after induced with IPTG the target fusion protein was successfully expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. We purified the fusion protein and renatured it from inclusion bodies to obtain a native state of well biological activity. The Erythrocyte agglutination test results indicated that the fusion protein can conjugate both human red blood cells and antibodies of CSFV.
Phosphatidylethanolamine Induces Specific Conformational Changes in the Kininogens Recognizable by Antiphosphatidylethanolamine Antibodies (1996)

Autoantibodies to the zwitterionic phospholipid (PL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) have been described in patients with thrombotic diseases. Recently, we reported that many antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (aPE) are not specific for PE per se, but are directed to plasma proteins which can bind PE, for example, high molecular weight kininogen (HK), low molecular weight kininogen (LK) and/or proteins in complex with HK, factor XI or prekallikrein. In the ELISA, we now show that intact HK binds to all PL tested. By using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the HK light chain, binding to cardiolipin (CL) was highest followed by phosphatidylserine (PS), PE and phosphatidylcholine (PC). By contrast, LK bound best to PE, with lesser amounts binding to PC and CL. Many aPE recognize only a kininogen-PE complex and neither PE nor kininogen when they are tested independently. We now report that these aPE are specific for the kininogen-PE complex as they do not recognize the kininogens when the latter are presented on other PL substrates. This indicates that PE induces unique antigenic conformational changes in the kininogens which are not induced when the kininogens bind to other PL. The kininogens bind to platelets and endothelial cells through an as yet undefined receptor. Since PE is a normal constituent of the outer layer of cell and platelet plasma membranes, it is available for the kininogens to bind. In vitro studies showed that purified IgG which bound kininogen-PE complexes in ELISA also caused platelets to undergo irreversible aggregation when stimulated by subthreshold concentrations of bovine thrombin.
Chiral Anion Phase Transfer of Aryldiazonium Cations: An Enantioselective Synthesis of C3‐Diazenated Pyrroloindolines (2014)

Herein is reported the first asymmetric utilization of aryldiazonium cations as a source of electrophilic nitrogen. This is achieved through a chiral anion phase-transfer pyrroloindolinization reaction that forms C3-diazenated pyrroloindolines from simple tryptamines and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. The title compounds are obtained in up to 99% yield and 96% ee. The air- and water-tolerant reaction allows electronic and steric diversity of the aryldiazonium electrophile and the tryptamine core.
Temperature perception and nociception (2004)

The specificity theory of somesthesis holds that perceptions of warmth, cold, and pain are served by separate senses. Although no longer accepted in all its details, the theory's basic assumptions of anatomical and functional specificity have remained guiding principles in research on temperature perception and its relationship to pain. This article reviews the response characteristics of thermoreceptors, temperature-sensitive nociceptors, and their associated pathways in the context of old and new perceptual phenomena, most of which cannot be satisfactorily explained by the specificity theory. The evidence indicates that throughout most of the perceptual range, temperature sensitivity depends upon coactivation of, and interactions among, thermal and nociceptive pathways that are composed of both specific "labeled lines" and nonspecific, multimodal fibers. Adding to this complexity is evidence that tactile stimulation can influence the way in which thermal stimulation is perceived. It is argued that thermoreception is best defined as a functional subsystem of somesthesis that serves the very different and sometimes conflicting demands of thermoregulation, protection from thermal injury, and haptic perception.
β-migrating very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants bind to rat liver hepatocytes at a low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-independent site (the remnant receptor) (1995)

Correspondence| August 15 1995 β-migrating very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants bind to rat liver hepatocytes at a low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-independent site (the remnant receptor) J C Van Berkel; J C Van Berkel Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Voorschuur; A Voorschuur Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Kuiper J Kuiper Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1995) 310 (1): 359–360. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3100359b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J C Van Berkel, A Voorschuur, J Kuiper; β-migrating very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants bind to rat liver hepatocytes at a low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-independent site (the remnant receptor). Biochem J 15 August 1995; 310 (1): 359–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3100359b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 The Biochemical Society, London1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transforming Growth Factor-β in Thermally Injured Patients with Hypertrophic Scars: Effects of Interferon α-2b (1998)

Hypertrophic scarring is a common dermal fibroproliferative disorder that leads to poor quality wound healing, prolongs rehabilitation, and increases morbidity following major thermal and other injuries to the deep dermis. Local and systemic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been implicated as a fibrogenic cytokine in the pathogenesis of many fibrotic disorders, whereas interferon (IFN) alpha-2b may improve the pathologic features of dermal fibrosis directly or by antagonizing the effects of TGF-beta and histamine. Nine patients with severe hypertrophic scarring were evaluated for 8 weeks before treatment with subcutaneous recombinant IFN alpha-2b, 2 x 10(6) IU three times per week for 24 weeks. Clinical assessment was performed using standardized photography, a burn scar assessment tool, and serial scar volume measurements. Monthly measurements of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine were made prior to, during, and after IFN alpha-2b therapy and compared with 27 age-matched controls. Serial biopsies of the hypertrophic scars and normal skin were performed for evaluation of mast cell numbers. Significant improvement in scar assessment occurred in 7 of 9 patients, and 3 of 9 demonstrated significant reductions in scar volume with interferon therapy beyond that occurring during the 8-week control period. For the entire group, mean rates of improvement were significantly better during interferon therapy with no recurrence following treatment. Before interferon therapy, serum TGF-beta was significantly higher in the burn patients with hypertrophic scarring than in a control population (123.04 +/- 36.48 vs. 56.85 +/- 8.38 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Within 3 months of IFN alpha-2b therapy, serum TGF-beta levels fell significantly and remained within the normal range during therapy and after interferon therapy was stopped. Plasma Ntau-methylhistamine levels were also significantly elevated in the hypertrophic scar patients as compared with age and sex-matched controls (153.6 +/- 92.07 vs. 48.3 +/- 28.9 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and significant reductions were achieved with interferon therapy and maintained after interferon was discontinued. Paired biopsies of hypertrophic scarring and normal tissue demonstrated increased numbers of mast cells in hypertrophic scars compared with normal uninjured skin from the same patients (2.65 +/- 1.63 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.62 cells/high power field, p < 0.001); however, no significant change in mast cell content of the hypertrophic scars accompanied interferon therapy. Patients with severe hypertrophic scarring demonstrate increased levels of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine following thermal injury. A significant clinical improvement in scar quality and volume occurred during IFN alpha-2b therapy, which was associated with normalization of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine levels. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will be required to further assess the usefulness of subcutaneous treatment with IFN alpha-2b for the treatment of hypertrophic scarring.
Quantitative assessment of intestinal injury using a novel in vivo, near-infrared imaging technique. (2010)

Intestinal injury owing to inflammation, severe trauma, and burn is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, animal models employed to study the intestinal response to injury and inflammation depend on outdated methods of analysis. Given that these classic intestinal assays are lethal to the experimental animal, there is no ability to study the gut response to injury in the same animal over time. We postulated that by developing an in vivo assay to image intestinal injury using fluorescent dye, it could complement other expensive, time-consuming, and semiquantitative classic means of detecting intestinal injury. We describe a novel in vivo, noninvasive method to image intestinal injury using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that allows for serial visual and quantitative analysis of intestinal injury. Our results correlate with traditional, time-consuming, semiquantitative assays of intestinal injury, now allowing the noninvasive, nonlethal assessment of injury over time.
Vaccination with CD20 peptides induces a biologically active, specific immune response in mice (2002)

CD20 is a 33-kD B-cell antigen that is expressed from the early pre-B-cell stage of development and is lost on differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Because CD20 is expressed strictly by B cells, it is an attractive target for B-cell lymphoma therapy. Monoclonal antibodies to CD20 have been used successfully in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. We hypothesized that a vaccine consisting of CD20 peptide sequences might be capable of inducing an active, specific, humoral immune response to the protein. Vaccine therapy would have the advantage of generating a polyclonal response to the antigen in contrast to the monoclonal response of an infused antibody. Balb/c mice were vaccinated with prototype vaccine constructs that consisted of peptides representing the human or mouse CD20 extracellular sequences conjugated to carrier proteins and mixed with QS21 adjuvant. Sera from the vaccinated mice demonstrated high-titer, specific antibodies to various epitopes on the immunizing peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, weaker antibody binding to native CD20 on cells by flow cytometry, and antibody-mediated complement killing of CD20(+) cells in some cases. Specific proliferation and secretion of interleukin 4 and interferon gamma by mouse spleen cells in response to the immunizing peptides were also demonstrated. Mice vaccinated with the CD20 peptide keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates had a 25% decrease in CD19(+) splenic B cells relative to control mice. These data indicate that a biologically active, specific immune response to CD20 can be elicited in mice vaccinated with CD20 peptide conjugates.
Autonomic reflexes and non‐allergic rhinitis (1997)

Functions traditionally ascribed to the nose include warming, humidification, and filtration of inspired air prior to its passage to the lower respiratory tract. The nose thus conditions inspired air, making it suitable for pulmonary gas exchange. In order to carry out these functions, the nose is subject to a complex series of reflexes mediated via the autonomic nervous system. The effector tissues are the nasal blood vessels and glands. Perennial non-allergic rhinitis may be divided into two types based on the presence or absence of eosinophilia in nasal secretions. Much circumstantial evidence suggests that non-eosinophilic non-allergic rhinitis (NENAR) may be a disease of autonomic imbalance. In a series of studies carried out at the University of Liverpool, patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis, and NENAR in particular, were found to have qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in their nasal response to various stimuli as manifested by changes in nasal patency. The nasal response to axillary pressure is much reduced in NENAR patients compared with normal controls, and the normal decrease in nasal resistance in response to standing is abrogated. Isometric exercise has little effect in normal subjects, but those with NENAR demonstrate an increase in nasal resistance. A similar effect is seen in response to the cold pressor test. Of great importance for therapy is the effect of topical fluticasone propionate in patients with NENAR. Treatment normalizes the damaged nasal reflexes seen in this condition, whereas placebo has no effect. However, abnormalities in other non-nasal autonomic reflexes (systemic parameters) are not affected by treatment.