gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane (2015)

Three dimensional (3D) imaging of the tympanic membrane (TM) has been carried out using a traditional otoscope equipped with a high-definition webcam, a portable projector and a telecentric optical system. The device allows us to project fringe patterns on the TM and the magnified image is processed using phase shifting algorithms to arrive at a 3D description of the TM. Obtaining a 3D image of the TM can aid in the diagnosis of ear infections such as otitis media with effusion, which is essentially fluid build-up in the middle ear. The high resolution of this device makes it possible examine a computer generated 3D profile for abnormalities in the shape of the eardrum. This adds an additional dimension to the image that can be obtained from a traditional otoscope by allowing visualization of the TM from different perspectives. In this paper, we present the design and construction of this device and details of the imaging processing for recovering the 3D profile of the subject under test. The design of the otoscope is similar to that of the traditional device making it ergonomically compatible and easy to adopt in clinical practice.
Adiabatic microring resonators (2010)

A class of whispering-gallery-mode resonators, herein referred to as adiabatic microring resonators, is proposed and numerically demonstrated. Adiabatic microrings enable electrical and mechanical contact to be made to the resonator without inducing radiation, while supporting only a single radial mode and therein achieving an uncorrupted free spectral range (FSR). Rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that adiabatic microrings with outer diameters as small as 4 μm can achieve resonator quality factors (Qs) as high as Q = 88,000 and an FSR of 8.2 THz, despite large internal contacts.
Characterization of a Human TAR RNA-Binding Protein That Activates the HIV-1 LTR (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is activated by Tat, a virally encoded protein. Tat trans-activation requires viral (trans-activation--responsive; TAR) RNA sequences located in the R region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Existing evidence suggests that Tat probably cooperates with cellular factors that bind to TAR RNA in the overall trans-activation process. A HeLa complementary DNA was isolated and characterized that encodes a TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP). TRBP activated the HIV-1 LTR and was synergistic with Tat function.
Role of Secondary Structure in Discrimination between Constitutive and Inducible Activators (1999)

We have examined structural differences between the proto-oncogene c-Myb and the cyclic AMP-responsive factor CREB that underlie their constitutive or signal-dependent activation properties. Both proteins stimulate gene expression via activating regions that articulate with a shallow hydrophobic groove in the KIX domain of the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). Three hydrophobic residues in c-Myb that are conserved in CREB function importantly in cellular gene activation and in complex formation with KIX. These hydrophobic residues are assembled on one face of an amphipathic helix in both proteins, and mutations that disrupt c-Myb or CREB helicity in this region block interaction of either factor with KIX. Binding of the helical c-Myb domain to KIX is accompanied by a substantial increase in entropy that compensates for the comparatively low enthalpy of complex formation. By contrast, binding of CREB to KIX entails a large entropy cost due to a random coil-to-helix transition in CREB that accompanies complex formation. These results indicate that the constitutive and inducible activation properties of c-Myb and CREB reflect secondary structural characteristics of their corresponding activating regions that influence the thermodynamics of formation of a complex with CBP.
Human Carbonic Anhydrase. Protein Conformation and Metal Ion Binding* (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman Carbonic Anhydrase. Protein Conformation and Metal Ion Binding*Joseph E. ColemanCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 12, 2644–2655Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00888a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00888a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intelligent network feature transaction interface (1988)

The feature transaction interface and associated software structures required to support an intelligent network are addressed. A layer service logic execution environment is used to describe the operation of the feature transaction interface for provisioning intelligent network services. Included in the discussion are: the need for service creation; unbundled service logic for functional flexibility; remote operation using the SS7 network; and reduced service-provisioning intervals. Service examples using the feature transaction interface are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distributed Simulation: A Case Study in Design and Verification of Distributed Programs (1979)

The problem of system simulation is typically solved in a sequential manner due to the wide and intensive sharing of variables by all parts of the system. We propose a distributed solution where processes communicate only through messages with their neighbors; there are no shared variables and there is no central process for message routing or process scheduling. Deadlock is avoided in this system despite the absence of global control. Each process in the solution requires only a limited amount of memory. The correctness of a distributed system is proven by proving the correctness of each of its component processes and then using inductive arguments. The proposed solution has been empirically found to be efficient in preliminary studies. The paper presents formal, detailed proofs of correctness.
Identity and fate of Tbx4‐expressing cells reveal developmental cell fate decisions in the allantois, limb, and external genitalia (2011)

T-box gene Tbx4 is critical for the formation of the umbilicus and the initiation of the hindlimb. Previous studies show broad expression in the allantois, hindlimb, lung and proctodeum. We have examined the expression of Tbx4 in detail and used a Tbx4-Cre line to trace the fates of Tbx4-expressing cells. Tbx4 expression and lineage reveal that various distinct appendages, such as the allantois, hindlimb, and external genitalia, all arise from a single mesenchymal expression domain. Additionally, although Tbx4 is associated primarily with the hindlimb, we find two forelimb expression domains. Most notably, we find that, despite the requirement for Tbx4 in allantoic vasculogenesis, the presumptive endothelial cells of the allantois do not express Tbx4 and lineage tracing reveals that the umbilical vasculature never expresses Tbx4. These results suggest that endothelial lineages are segregated before the onset of vasculogenesis, and demonstrate a role for the peri-vascular tissue in vasculogenesis.
HLA-E-restricted recognition of cytomegalovirus-derived peptides by human CD8+cytolytic T lymphocytes (2003)

HLA-E-restricted T cell receptor alphabeta+ CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exist as monoclonal expansions in the peripheral blood of some individuals. Here, we show that they recognize, with high avidity, peptides derived from the UL40 protein of different human cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains. Recognition results in the induction of cytotoxicity, IFN-gamma production and cell proliferation. Autologous cells pulsed with CMV-derived peptides become susceptible to lysis by HLA-E-restricted CTLs and induce their proliferation. The high avidity for CMV-derived peptides may explain how these cells are generated in vivo and suggest their possible role in the host defenses against CMV, a virus that evolved various mechanisms to down-regulate classical HLA class I molecules, thus escaping detection by conventional CTLs.
The Guts of Dietary Habits (2011)

Can dietary intervention change an individual's gut microbiome composition?
A convolution and product theorem for the fractional Fourier transform (1998)

The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT), which is a generalization of the Fourier transform, has many applications in several areas, including signal processing and optics. Almeida (see ibid., vol.4, p.15-17, 1997) and Mendlovic et al. (see Appl. Opt., vol.34, p.303-9, 1995) derived fractional Fourier transforms of a product and of a convolution of two functions. Unfortunately, their convolution formulas do not generalize very well the classical result for the Fourier transform, which states that the Fourier transform of the convolution of two functions is the product of their Fourier transforms. This paper introduces a new convolution structure for the FRFT that preserves the convolution theorem for the Fourier transform and is also easy to implement in the designing of filters.
Phase-conjugating mirror with continuous-wave gain (1980)

We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.
Optimization of Phenyl-Substituted Benzimidazole Carboxamide Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: Identification of (S)-2-(2-Fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (A-966492), a Highly Potent and Efficacious Inhibitor (2010)

We have developed a series of phenylpyrrolidine- and phenylpiperidine-substituted benzimidazole carboxamide poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with excellent PARP enzyme potency as well as single-digit nanomolar cellular potency. These efforts led to the identification of (S)-2-(2-fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (22b, A-966492). Compound 22b displayed excellent potency against the PARP-1 enzyme with a K(i) of 1 nM and an EC(50) of 1 nM in a whole cell assay. In addition, 22b is orally bioavailable across multiple species, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and appears to distribute into tumor tissue. It also demonstrated good in vivo efficacy in a B16F10 subcutaneous murine melanoma model in combination with temozolomide and in an MX-1 breast cancer xenograft model both as a single agent and in combination with carboplatin.
Alternating d(G-C)3and d(C-G)3hexanucleotides containing 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine or 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine in place of dG (1989)

The synthesis of alternating hexamers (8-13) derived from d(C-G)3 or d(G-C)3 but containing c7z8Gd (2) or c7Gd (3) instead of dG is described employing phosphoramidite-chemistry. Apart from the isobutyryl group the dimethylaminomethylene residue was used for the nucleobase-protection of 3. The methyl- and the cyanoethyl-phosphoramidites of 3 (5a-c) were synthesized. They were employed together with those of c7G or c7z8Gd in automated oligonucleotide synthesis. Tm-values as well as thermodynamic data of the oligomers 9, 10, 12, and 13 indicated that duplexes were destabilized if c7Gd replaced dG, whereas c7z8Gd stabilized the duplex structure. In contrast to d(C-G)3 which underwent salt-dependent B-Z transition, CD-spectra of oligomers containing c7Gd or c7z8Gd in place of dG showed retained B-conformation.
Inhibition of the Growth of Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Tetrathiomolybdate-Induced Copper Suppression in a Murine Model (2003)

This study demonstrates the ability of tetrathiomolybdate to maintain a significant and reversible suppression of long-term tumor growth in this murine model of squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting a potential application for the use of tetrathiomolybdate in human squamous cell carcinoma.
Investigation of the far-field approximation for modeling a transducer's spatial impulse response in photoacoustic computed tomography (2013)

When ultrasonic transducers with large detecting areas and/or compact measurement geometries are employed in photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), the spatial resolution of reconstructed images can be significantly degraded. Our goal in this work is to clarify the domain of validity of an imaging model that mitigates such effects by use of a far-field approximation. Computer-simulation studies are described that demonstrate the far-field-based imaging model is highly accurate for a practical 3D PACT imaging geometry employed in an existing small animal imaging system. For use in special cases where the far-field approximation is violated, an extension of the far-field-based imaging model is proposed that divides the transducer face into a small number of rectangular patches that are each described accurately by use of the far-field approximation.
Digital Video Recording (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Digital Recording of Analog Signals The Road to D-1 Composite Video Digital Recording Data Compression HDTV Digital Recording DV, Digital Video D-VHS, The Latest Member of the VHS Family Disk Recorders for Digital Video Applications Looking into the Future References
Coadministration of DNA Encoding Interleukin-6 and Hemagglutinin Confers Protection from Influenza Virus Challenge in Mice (1998)

This study was conducted to investigate whether Accell gene gun coadministration of DNA encoding human interleukin-6 (IL-6) would enhance protective immune responses in mice to an equine influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) DNA vaccine. Mice that received HA DNA alone exhibited accelerated clearance of homologous challenge virus but were not protected from infection. In contrast, mice that received both HA and IL-6 DNA had no detectable virus in their lungs after challenge. These results strongly support the use of IL-6 as a cytokine adjuvant in DNA vaccination.
Total energy expenditure estimated using a foot-contact pedometer. (2004)

At TEEs >14 MJ/day, the TEEpedo method underestimated actual TEE, possibly due to unaccounted for upper body exercise. At more moderate TEEs of 9 to 14 MJ/day, the Tc pedometry method provided accurate estimates of TEE.
A Simple Chemical Treatment for Preventing Thermal Bubbles in Silicon Wafer Bonding (1995)

A periodic acid aqueous solution has been shown to remove thermally unstable hydrocarbons from silicon surfaces resulting in residual hydrocarbon concentrations which are much lower than those after RCA cleaning. Bonded pairs of silicon wafers cleaned in the periodic acid solution prior to bonding generate no bubbles after annealing at any temperature. The powerful oxidizing reaction of periodic acid solution with hydrocarbons is believed to be responsible for the performance. Periodic acid solution is environmentally friendly, hazard‐free, and compatible to mainstream semiconductor technology.
Wearable Pulse Oximetry Measurements on the Torso, Arms, and Legs: A Proof of Concept (2017)

For decades pulse oximeters designed for use on the head, hands, or feet have provided invaluable estimates of oxygen saturation to medical personal attending to combat casualties. However, traditional placement sites are not ideal for the relatively new paradigm of continuous battlefield telemonitoring. To assess the feasibility of oximetry on nontraditional body sites, 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled, consented, and underwent an industry standard induced-hypoxia study. During the study volunteers used prototype wearable oximeters, designed for the torso, arms, and legs. Subsets (size n) of the volunteers had the wearables placed at the following body sites, and achieved accuracies (A<sub>RMS</sub>, root-mean-square difference) of the following: calf 1.7% (n = 26); bicep 3.1% (n = 12); forearm 3.4% (n = 11); pectoral 2.9% (n = 42); sternum 2.9% (n = 13). In keeping with regulatory guidance calibrations with an A<sub>RMS</sub> of less than 3.5% are acceptable for potential future development. Additionally, a new method was developed to enable accurate reporting of respiration rate from the pectoral oximeter, A<sub>RMS</sub> of 1.1 breaths per minute (n = 10). This study demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring oxygen saturation and respiration rate from nontraditional sites via a wearable pulse oximeter.
SUMO—Nonclassical Ubiquitin (2000)

▪ Abstract SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is the best-characterized member of a growing family of ubiquitin-related proteins. It resembles ubiquitin in its structure, its ability to be ligated to other proteins, as well as in the mechanism of ligation. However, in contrast to ubiquitination—often the first step on a one-way road to protein degradation—SUMOlation does not seem to mark proteins for degradation. In fact, SUMO may even function as an antagonist of ubiquitin in the degradation of selected proteins. While most SUMO targets are still at large, available data provide compelling evidence for a role of SUMO in the regulation of protein-protein interactions and/or subcellular localization.
Debris mitigation in a laser-produced tin plume using a magnetic field (2005)

Debris mitigation in a laser-produced tin plume is one of the most important issues for its use as an extreme ultraviolet source in next generation lithography. We investigated the use of a magnetic field for controlling the kinetic energies of various species in a laser-produced tin plasma. 1.06μm, 8-ns pulses from a Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser were used to create the tin plasma in vacuum that expanded across a transverse magnetic field. Time-of-flight optical emission spectroscopy was used to measure the velocities of excited neutral and singly ionized tin species. Our studies showed a significant reduction in the kinetic energies of the plume species with a modest magnetic field of 0.64T.
Performance of normal-incidence molybdenum-yttrium multilayer-coated diffraction grating at a wavelength of 9 nm (2002)

The first experimental investigation of a normal-incidence Mo-Y multilayer-coated diffraction grating operating at a 9-nm wavelength is reported. The substrate is a replica of a concave holographic ion-etched blazed grating with 2,400 grooves/mm and a 2-m radius of curvature. The measured peak efficiency in the -3 order is 2.7% at a wavelength of 8.79 nm. To our knowledge, this is the highest normal-incidence grating efficiency ever obtained in this wavelength region.
Distinct localization of histone H3 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation to the transcription start sites in the human genome (2004)

Almost 1-2% of the human genome is located within 500 bp of either side of a transcription initiation site, whereas a far larger proportion (approximately 25%) is potentially transcribable by elongating RNA polymerases. This observation raises the question of how the genome is packaged into chromatin to allow start sites to be recognized by the regulatory machinery at the same time as transcription initiation, but not elongation, is blocked in the 25% of intragenic DNA. We developed a chromatin scanning technique called ChAP, coupling the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with arbitrarily primed PCR, which allows for the rapid and unbiased comparison of histone modification patterns within the eukaryotic nucleus. Methylated lysine 4 (K4) and acetylated K9/14 of histone H3 were both highly localized to the 5' regions of transcriptionally active human genes but were greatly decreased downstream of the start sites. Our results suggest that the large transcribed regions of human genes are maintained in a deacetylated conformation in regions read by elongating polymerase. Common models depicting widespread histone acetylation and K4 methylation throughout the transcribed unit do not therefore apply to the majority of human genes.
Das dynamische Verhalten des 1-Methyl-1-benzothiepinium-Ringsystems/The Dynamic Behaviour of the 1-Methyl-1-benzothiepinium Ring System (1981)

Abstract By 1 H NMR spectroscopy the stereochemistry of the 1-methyl-1-benzothiepinium ring system was investigated both in thermodynamic and kinetic respects. It was shown that in solution a rapid mutual conversion of the boat shaped seven membered ring system with exo-respectively endo-S-methyl group occurs via a ring inversion and not by a pyramidal inversion at the sulfonium ion. At room temperature predominantly the conformation with the exo-S-methyl group is present.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance-Guided Normobaric Hyperoxia Treatment Protects the Brain by Maintaining Penumbral Oxygenation in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2006)

Oxygen therapy for ischemic stroke remains controversial. Too much oxygen may lead to oxidative stress and free radical damage while too little oxygen will have minimal therapeutic effect. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, which can measure localized interstitial partial oxygen (pO2), can monitor penumbral changes of pO2. Therefore, we used EPR to study the effects of oxygen therapy in a rat model of 90-mins middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that 95% normobaric O2 given during ischemia was able to maintain penumbral interstitial pO2 levels close to the preischemic value while it may cause a two-fold increase in penumbral pO2 level if given during reperfusion. Elevation of the penumbra pO2 to preischemic physiologic level during MCAO significantly reduced infarction volume, improved neurologic function, decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and caspase-8 cleavage in the penumbra tissue of rats brain treated with oxygen. These results suggest that maintaining penumbral oxygenation by normobaric oxygen treatment during ischemia lead to neuroprotection, which is further reflected by the decreased production of ROS, MMP-9, and caspase-8.