gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Electromyography During Thoracolumbar Spinal Surgery (1998)

Intraoperative electromyography can provide useful information regarding lumbosacral nerve root function during thoracolumbar spinal surgery. Free-running electromyography provides continuous feedback regarding the location and potential for surgical injury to the lumbosacral nerve roots within the operative field. Stimulus-evoked electromyography can confirm that transpedicular instrumentation has been positioned correctly within the bony cortex. However, electromyography has a number of potential limitations, which are discussed in this article along with improved methods to increase the overall efficacy of intraoperative electromyography, including: 1) Electromyography is sensitive to blunt lumbosacral nerve root irritation or injury, but may provide misleading results with "clean" nerve root transection. 2) Electromyography must be recorded from muscles belonging to myotomes appropriate for the nerve roots considered at risk from surgery. 3) Electromyography can be effective only with careful monitoring and titration of pharmacologic neuromuscular junction blockade. 4) When transpedicular instrumentation is stimulated, an exposed nerve root should be stimulated directly as a positive control whenever possible. 5) Pedicle holes and screws should be stimulated with single shocks at low-stimulus intensities when pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade is excessive. 6) Chronically compressed nerve roots that have undergone axonotmesis (wallerian degeneration) have higher thresholds for activation from electrical and mechanical stimulation. 7) Hence, whenever axonotmetic nerve root injury is suspected, the stimulus thresholds for transpedicular holes and screws must be specifically compared with those required for the direct activation of the adjacent nerve root (and not published guideline threshold values).
Hsp27 overexpression in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease: chronic neurodegeneration does not induce Hsp27 activation (2007)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage occur in both R6/2 mice and HD patient brains and might play a role in disease pathogenesis. In cell culture systems, heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a small molecular chaperone, suppresses mutant huntingtin-induced reactive oxygen species formation and cell death. To investigate this in vivo, we conducted an extensive phenotypic characterization of mice arising from a cross between R6/2 mice and Hsp27 transgenic mice but did not observe an improvement of the R6/2 phenotype. Hsp27 overexpression had no effect in reducing oxidative stress in the R6/2 brain, assessed by measuring striatal aconitase activity and protein carbonylation levels. Native protein gel analysis revealed that transgenic Hsp27 forms active, large oligomeric species in heat-shocked brain lysates, demonstrating that it is efficiently activated upon stress. In contrast, Hsp27 in double transgenic brains exists predominantly as a low molecular weight, inactive species. This suggests that Hsp27, which is otherwise activatable upon heat shock, remains inactive in the R6/2 model of chronic neurodegeneration. Hsp27 transgenics had been previously shown to be protected from acute stresses such as kainate administration, ischemia/reperfusion heart injury and neonatal nerve injury. Our study is the first to suggest a differential modulation of Hsp27 activation in vivo and, importantly, it illustrates the diverse effect of Hsp27 on acute versus chronic models of disease.
Six different cytokines that share GP130 as a receptor subunit, induce serum amyloid A and potentiate the induction of interleukin-6 and the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by interleukin-1 (1996)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) potentiate the elevation of serum corticosterone induced by suboptimal doses of interleukin-1 (IL-1). CNTF also potentiates IL-1-induced serum IL-6. Here, we report that four other cytokines (leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], oncostatin M [OSM], interleukin-11 and cardiotrophin-1) also potentiated the elevation of serum corticosterone and IL-6 levels induced by IL-1. Furthermore, all the six cytokines studied induced the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A when administered alone. Because these cytokines differ both in structure and in function, but share gp130 as a subunit of their receptors, these results indicate that signaling through gp130 mediates potentiation of IL-1 activities. The potentiation of IL-1-induced serum corticosterone levels is not a consequence of the increased serum IL-6 observed after IL-1 administration. In fact, in IL-6 deficient mice, IL-1 increased serum corticosterone to a level comparable to that observed in wild-type mice. Thus, either endogenous IL-6 does not mediate IL-1-induced corticosterone increase, or its role may be fulfilled by other cytokines. To the extent that gp130-dependent cytokines may serve this role, they may be important feedback regulators of inflammation through the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the potentiation of acute-phase protein synthesis.
Retroviral gene transfer and sustained expression of human arylsulfatase A. (1996)

Transduction of mouse hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny was studied using a recombinant retroviral vector (MFG-ASA) which incorporates the human arylsulfatase A gene (ASA; EC 3.1.6.8). Successful transduction was demonstrated in spleen colonies of mice that received bone marrow transplantation, cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, visceral tissues and brain of long-term reconstituted mice, and also the spleen colonies of secondarily transplanted mice. The efficiency of transduction in primary spleen colonies was 90%. Expression of the ASA transgene exceeded endogenous levels in spleen colonies and in cultured macrophages by 50-100%. Enzyme activity in the visceral tissues of long-term reconstituted mice consistently showed elevated ASA activity, greater than three-fold in the spleen and lung of one animal. Increased activity of ASA also could be detected in secondary spleen colonies. These data demonstrate the usefulness of the MFG-ASA vector for efficient gene transfer and expression in mouse hematopoietic stem cells and their differentiated progeny. The presence of vector DNA in the brain 4 months after transplantation suggests a role for gene transfer and stem cell transplantation in the treatment strategies for metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Clinical importance of B7-H3 expression in human pancreatic cancer (2009)

Our data show for the first time that B7-H3 may have a critical role in pancreatic cancer and provide the rationale for developing a novel cancer immunotherapy against this fatal disease.
Design and performance of singular electric field terahertz photoconducting antennas (1997)

We present new designs of more efficient terahertz (THz) radiation emitters and detectors enhanced by electric field singularities using sharp and laterally offset electrodes. We compare the performances of the terahertz emission and different polarization properties resulting from these structures. An average THz radiation power of 3 μW is achieved under 20 mW excitation, calibrated by free space electro-optic sampling. We also study the gap size dependence of the THz radiation, and find an absence of a positive electrode effect in the small gap limit.
Crosstab, OLAP, and APL (1998)

Article Crosstab, OLAP, and APL: N-dimensional data analysis with sparse cubes Share on Author: Martin Barghoorn Technical University of Berlin, Germany, Franklinstr. 28, D-10587 Berlin, Germania Technical University of Berlin, Germany, Franklinstr. 28, D-10587 Berlin, GermaniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims APL '98: Proceedings of the APL98 conference on Array Processing LanguagesJuly 1998 Pages 110–113https://doi.org/10.1145/327559.327627Online:27 July 1998Publication History 0citation455DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads455Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Development of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Cell Bioassay for the Rapid and Inexpensive Detection and Characterization of Ah Receptor Agonists (2002)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates the toxic and biological effects of a variety of chemicals. Although halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs and PAHs, respectively) represent the highest affinity and most toxic ligands, recent studies have demonstrated that the AhR can be activated by chemicals with structures distinctly different from HAHs/PAHs. In order to identify and characterize novel AhR ligands, we developed a rapid and inexpensive high-throughput screening bioassay based on the ability of AhR agonists to induce an HAH/PAH-responsive, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene in a stably transfected mouse hepatoma (Hepa1c1c7) cell line. EGFP induction in the resulting recombinant cell line, H1G1.1c3, is sensitive (with a minimal 1-pM detection limit for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the most potent AhR ligand), and it responds to HAHs and PAHs in a time-, dose-, and chemical-specific manner. Application of this bioassay was demonstrated by the rapid characterization of the relative inducing potency of a series of previously uncharacterized dioxin surrogates. This bioassay system has numerous advantages over currently available AhR-based bioassays including increased rapidity and ease of use, low reagent cost, and application for high-throughput screening.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Ca2+ Influx Dependence for Ligand-stimulated Internalization of the c-Kit Receptor (1997)

We have evaluated the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and Ca2+ influx in ligand-stimulated internalization of the c-Kit receptor. The wild type (wt) c-Kit receptor and YF719, a mutant receptor in which the SH2-mediated binding site for the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase is disrupted, were expressed in DA-1 cells. YF719 internalized with similar kinetics as wt c-Kit although the receptor remained localized close to the plasma membrane. However, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, or in the presence of the competitive Ca2+ influx blocker Ni2+, the YF719 mutant failed to internalize. Failure to internalize in the absence of Ca2+ was also observed for the wt c-Kit receptor in cells that were pretreated with the PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. Following stimulation with ligand, clathrin heavy chains were found to co-immunoprecipitate with c-Kit. However, under conditions in which PI3-kinase activity is inhibited and Ca2+ influx is blocked, clathrin failed to co-immunoprecipitate with c-Kit. Our results demonstrate that both Ca2+ influx and PI3-kinase activity influence c-Kit endocytosis, and inhibition of these two signals disrupts the earliest stages of ligand-mediated internalization.
Cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells* (2002)

Abstract Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Cardiac ischaemia caused by oxygen deprivation and subsequent oxygen reperfusion initiates irreversible cell damage, eventually leading to widespread cell death and loss of function. Strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue by cardiomyocyte transplantation may prevent or limit post‐infarction cardiac failure. We are searching for methods for inducing pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into transplantable cardiomyocytes. We have already shown that an endoderm‐like cell line induced the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells into immature cardiomyoctyes. Preliminary results show that human and mouse embryonic stem cells respond in a similar manner. This study presents initial characterization of these cardiomyocytes and the mouse myocardial infarction model in which we will test their ability to restore cardiac function.
Neisseria meningitidis GNA2132, a heparin-binding protein that induces protective immunity in humans (2010)

GNA2132 is a Neisseria meningitidis antigen of unknown function, discovered by reverse vaccinology, which has been shown to induce bactericidal antibodies in animal models. Here we show that this antigen induces protective immunity in humans and it is recognized by sera of patients after meningococcal disease. The protein binds heparin in vitro through an Arg-rich region and this property correlates with increased survival of the unencapsulated bacterium in human serum. Furthermore, two proteases, the meningococcal NalP and human lactoferrin, cleave the protein upstream and downstream from the Arg-rich region, respectively. We conclude that GNA2132 is an important protective antigen of N. meningitidis and we propose to rename it, Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA).
Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients show mast cell activation and hyperplasia in the jejunum (2006)

This jejunal mucosal inflammatory profile may help identify diarrhoea-predominant IBS, a stress-related disorder.
Immunoreactive Adrenocorticotropin in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreatic Islets of the Rat* (1981)

Radioimmunoassayable ACTH is detectable in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets of the rat by using a midportion ACTH antiserum. Portions of the gastrointestinal tract and isolated pancreatic islets were extracted with 0.1 N HCl. Serial dilutions of the extracts resulted in inhibition curves parallel with human alpha ACTH-(1-39). The highest concentrations were in the isolated pancreatic islets (20 pg/ml protein) and the gastric antrum-pylorus (17.9 +/- 1.2 pg/ml protein). Chromatographic characterization of the stomach extract showed a main peak, with an elution constant identical to that of [125I]iodo-ACTH-(1-39) and an elution pattern identical to that of rat pituitary extracts and medium from incubated rat pituitaries.
Cholesterol-lowering bile acid-binding agents: novel lipophilic polyamines (1992)

A series of novel lipophilic polyamines was synthesized by the sodium cyanoborohydride-mediated reductive amination of various ketones and aldehydes with the polyamine tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Two of these compounds, N,N-bis[2-(cyclododecylamino)ethyl]-N'-benzyl-1,2-ethanediamine trihydrochloride (36.3HCl) and N,N-bis[2-(cyclododecylmethylamino)ethyl]-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethan ediamine (23), are 29 and 24 times more potent than colestipol hydrochloride, respectively, for lowering animal serum cholesterol levels.
Prostasin serine protease inhibits breast cancer invasiveness and is transcriptionally regulated by promoter DNA methylation (2001)

We have shown that prostasin serine protease is downregulated in high-grade prostate tumors and inhibits invasiveness of prostate cancer cell lines upon enforced reexpression. In our study, prostasin mRNA and protein were shown to be expressed in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMEC), the poorly invasive breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the nonmetastatic breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-453, but absent in highly invasive and metastatic breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s. Enforced reexpression of prostasin in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s reduced the in vitro invasiveness of either cell line by 50%. Examination of the prostasin gene promoter and first exon revealed a GC-enriched region that contains transcription regulatory elements. The promoter and exon 1 region of the prostasin gene was investigated for DNA methylation in NHMEC and the carcinoma cell lines. The results revealed a methylation pattern that correlates with prostasin expression in these cells. Demethylation coupled with histone deacetylase inhibition resulted in reactivated expression of the prostasin mRNA in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s cells. These results suggest that prostasin expression in breast cancer cells may be regulated by DNA methylation and that an absence of prostasin expression may contribute to breast cancer invasiveness and metastatic potential.
Are we missing a simple treatment for most adult sleep apnea patients? The avoidance of the supine sleep position (2013)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder which has been gradually accepted as an important cause of increased morbidity and mortality. The treatment of moderate-severe OSA has improved dramatically since the introduction of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices; however, the adherence of patients to CPAP treatment is relatively low. Adherence appears to be even worse in patients with mild or asymptomatic OSA. The failure to identify and treat mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic OSA patients may be costly, as such patients comprise about 20% of the general adult population. OSA patients could be divided into positional and non-positional patients. Positional patients show most of their breathing abnormalities while sleeping in the supine position. Simply, by sleeping in the lateral postures, they eliminate or reduce significantly the number of apneas and hypopneas. On the contrary, non-positional patients suffer from breathing abnormalities in the supine and lateral postures, and as a consequence those are the most severe OSA patients for whom CPAP is the treatment of choice. In this paper we intend to argue that positional therapy, i.e., avoidance of the supine posture during sleep, could represent a valuable therapy mainly for mild-moderate OSA. Considering the fact that the vast majority of mild-moderate OSA patients are positional patients (between 65 and 87%), positional therapy may be a simple, cheap and effective solution for them. High-quality research regarding this issue is needed to evaluate the real effectiveness of this mode of therapy.
CA resist with high sensitivity and sub-100-nm resolution for advanced mask making (2000)

Recently, there is significant interest in using CA resist for electron beam (E-beam) applications including mask making, direct write, and projection printing. CA resists provide superior lithographic performance in comparison to traditional non-CA E-beam resist in particular high contrast, resolution, and sensitivity. However, most of the commercially available CA resist have the concern of airborne base contaminants and sensitivity to PAB and/or PEB temperatures. In this presentation, we will discuss a new improved ketal resists system referred to as KRS-XE which exhibits excellent lithography, is robust toward airborne base, compatible with 0.263N TMAH aqueous developer and exhibits excellent lithography, is robust toward airborne base, compatible with 0.263N TMAH aqueous developer and exhibits a large PAB/PEB latitude. With the combination of a high performance mask making E-beam exposure tool, high kV shaped beam system EL4+ and the KRS-XE resist, we have printed 75nm lines/space feature with excellent profile control at a dose of 13(mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 75kV. The shaped beam vector scan system used here provides a unique property in resolving small features in lithography and throughput. Overhead in EL4+$ limits the systems ability to fully exploit the sensitivity of the new resist for throughput. The EL5 system has sufficiently low overhead that it is projected to print a 4X, 16G DRAM mask with OPC in under 3 hours with the CA resist. We will discuss the throughput advantages of the next generation EL5 system over the existing EL4+.
Relationship between Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Fatty Acid Composition in Morbidly Obese Patients (2013)

Our findings suggest that serum fatty acids are linked to acute phase proteins in morbidly obese patients.
Night Myopia at Night Automobile Luminances (1978)

One-hundred seventy-five persons viewed test letters of 35 and 11% contrast at 0.1 and 0.01 fL chart luminance while lenses (+0.25 to -1.50 D in 0.25-D steps) were placed before their eyes (and glasses, if they wore them). With one or more of the minus lenses, only 9% of the subjects obtained improved acuity by one or more lines on the chart. The most common optimum lens power was -0.75 D.
Molecular Routes to Metal Carbides, Nitrides, and Oxides. 2. Studies of the Ammonolysis of Metal Dialkylamides and Hexamethyldisilylamides (1996)

Ammonolysis of metal amides M(NR2)n, where M = a group 4, 5, or 6 transition metal, M2(NMe2)6, where M = Mo, W, and metal hexamethyldisilylamides M(N(SiMe3)2)n, where M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, La, Y, and Sn have been carried out in hydrocarbon solvents. The initially formed products are hydrocarbon-insoluble powders wherein the metal retains its original oxidation state. Elemental analysis of these powders reveals a dramatic loss of NR2 ligands as evidenced by relatively low C and H content. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy indicates that these powders readily eliminate amine (HNR2) and ammonia to form metal nitrides upon heating, typically in the temperature range 200−400 °C. Upon further heating, redox reactions may occur with the evolution of N2 gas leading to more thermodynamically stable nitrides or the metal, i.e., where M = Fe, Co, Cu. The nitrogen content of the nitrides has been shown to be derived from ammonia and not from the parent amide. Ammonolyses of mixtures of metal amides have been studied, and the resultant powders have been shown to give, upon heating, either a mixture of the metal nitrides, nitride solid solutions, e.g., (Nb,Ta)N and (Ti,V)N or, for the later transition elements, metal alloys. The metal nitrides and metal alloys were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDAX.
Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment Goals in Logopedics: Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (1998)

This study was aimed to investigate to what extent impairments, disabilities and handicaps are used as diagnostic assessments and treatment goals in logopedics. Traditionally, logopedists are mainly concerned with impairments. These days, increasing attention is demanded for disabilities and handicaps as well. A survey study was carried out on 1,567 patients in logopedic practices in the Netherlands to provide an empirical quantitative description of diagnostic assessments and treatment goals, formulated in terms of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Results show that logopedists indeed often indicate impairments as diagnostic assessments and as treatment goals, particularly language development impairments and phonetic/phonological articulation impairments. Interestingly, also large numbers of diagnostic assessments and treatment goals were indicated at the level of disabilities and handicaps; the most important being disability in expressing communication and occupational handicap. These results demonstrate that disabilities and handicaps may serve an important function in logopedics, in that they may guide assessment as well as therapy. It is concluded that disabilities and handicaps should be considered in the future development of the profession of logopedics.