gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MiNT: a miniaturized network testbed for mobile wireless research (2005)

Most mobile wireless networking research today relies on simulations. However, fidelity of simulation results has always been a concern, especially when the protocols being studied are affected by the propagation and interference characteristics of the radio channels. Inherent difficulty in faithfully modeling the wireless channel characteristics has encouraged several researchers to build wireless network testbeds. A full-fledged wireless testbed is spread over a large physical space because of the wide coverage area of radio signals. This makes a large-scale testbed difficult and expensive to set up, configure, and manage. This paper describes a miniaturized 802.11b-based, multi-hop wireless network testbed called MiNT. MiNT occupies a significantly small space, and dramatically reduces the efforts required in setting up a multi-hop wireless network used for wireless application/protocol testing and evaluation. MiNT is also a hybrid simulation platform that can execute ns-2 simulation scripts with the link, MAC and physical layer in the simulator replaced by real hardware. We demonstrate the fidelity of MiNT by comparing experimental results on it with similar experiments conducted on a non-miniaturized testbed. We also compare the results of experiments conducted using hybrid simulation on MiNT with those obtained using pure simulation. Finally, using a case study we show the usefulness of MiNT in wireless application testing and evaluation.
Advances in biomaterials, drug delivery, and bionanotechnology (2003)

Abstract Biomaterials are widely used in numerous medical applications. Chemical engineering has played a central role in this research and development. Polymers as biomaterials, materials and approaches used in drug and protein delivery systems, materials used as scaffolds in tissue engineering, and nanotechnology and microfabrication techniques applied to biomaterials are reviewed.
Effects of Fenugreek Seeds on Endocrine Pancreatic Secretions in Dogs (1984)

The components of fenugreek seeds were separated and analyzed to determine which fraction of the seed had hypoglycemic activity. These fractions were administered orally to normal or diabetic dogs for 8 days. The effect on blood glucose and pancreatic hormones was studied in normal dogs. The lipid extract had no effect; the defatted fraction (50.2% fibers: gum 17.7%, hemicellulose 22%, cellulose 8.3%, lignin 2.2%) lowered basal blood glucose level, plasma glucagon and somatostatin levels and reduced the orally induced hyperglycemia. The addition of this fraction to the insulin treatment resulted in a decrease of hyperglycemia and glycosuria in diabetic dogs. The results indicate that the defatted part is responsible for the antidiabetic action. However, the present study does not permit one to know whether the effects are caused by an unknown pharmacological compound or by the gastrointestinal action of fibers.
Improved gene transfer by direct plasmid injection associated with regeneration in mouse skeletal muscle (1993)

Gene transfer into skeletal muscle via simple plasmid injection in vivo has many potential uses but these are severely constrained by the low efficiency of this technique. Muscle regeneration, induced by the myotoxic local anaesthetic bupivacaine, significantly increased gene expression following plasmid injection 3-7 days after bupivacaine treatment. Much of this effect can be attributed to uptake and expression of the plasmid by a greater number of muscle fibres, up to 9% of the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. A similar significant increase in expression was observed in the naturally regenerating muscle of the dystrophic mdx mouse when compared to the control C57Bl/10 strain.
Preclinical efficacy and safety of pascolizumab (SB 240683): a humanized anti-interleukin-4 antibody with therapeutic potential in asthma (2002)

The type 2 helper T cell (T(H)2) cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 is thought to play a central role in the early stages of asthma. In an effort to develop an antibody treatment for asthma that neutralizes the effects of IL-4, a murine monoclonal antibody, 3B9, was generated with specificity for human IL-4. In vitro studies demonstrated that 3B9 inhibited IL-4-dependent events including IL-5 synthesis, (T(H)2) cell activation and up-regulation of immunoglobulin E expression. 3B9 was then humanized (pascolizumab, SB 240683) to reduce immunogenicity in humans. SB 240683 demonstrated species specificity for both monkey and human IL-4 with no reactivity to mouse, rat, cow, goat or horse IL-4. Pascolizumab inhibited the response of human and monkey T cells to monkey IL-4 and effectively neutralized IL-4 bioactivity when tested against several IL-4-responsive human cell lines. Affinity studies demonstrated rapid IL-4 binding by pascolizumab with a slow dissociation rate. In vivo pharmacokinetic and chronic safety testing in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that pascolizumab was well tolerated, and no adverse clinical responses occurred after up to 9 months of treatment. Three monkeys developed an anti-idiotypic response that resulted in rapid pascolizumab clearance. However, in the chronic dosing study the antibody response was transient and not associated with clinical events. In conclusion, pascolizumab is a humanized anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody that can inhibit upstream and downstream events associated with asthma, including (T(H)2) cell activation and immunoglobulin E production. Clinical trials are under way to test the clinical efficacy of pascolizumab for asthma.
3-(4-Aroyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides, a New Class of Synthetic Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2001)

Novel 3-(4-aroyl-2-pyrrolyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides are disclosed as a new class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Three-dimensional structure-based drug design and conformational analyses into the histone deacetylase-like protein (HDLP) catalytic core suggested the synthesis and biological evaluation of compounds 7a-h. Experimental pK(i) values are in good agreement with VALIDATE predicted pK(i) values of new derivatives. All compounds 7a-h show HDAC inhibitory activity in the micromolar range, with 7e as the most potent derivative (IC(50) = 1.9 microM). The influence of the 4'-substituent in the aroyl moiety is not significant for the inhibitory activity, as all compounds 7a-g show IC(50) values between 1.9 and 3.9 microM. Otherwise, the unsaturated chain linking the pyrrole ring to the hydroxamic acid group is clearly important for the anti-HDAC activity, the saturated analogue 7h being 10-fold less active than the unsaturated counterpart 7a.
Expression of c-myb and B-myb, but not A-myb, correlates with proliferation in human hematopoietic cells (1991)

Abstract The steady-state expression of three members of the myb family of genes, c-myb, B-myb, and A-myb, was studied in four purified normal human hematopoietic cell types, ie, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The c-myb proto-oncogene is low to undetectable in resting T and B lymphocytes and shows a biphasic induction in both cell types after mitogenic stimulation, with a first peak at 3 hours and a second and stronger induction at 44 to 72 hours. Study of the B-myb gene showed that this gene is low to undetectable in resting T or B cells and is strongly induced after mitogenic stimulation with a peak between 44 and 72 hours in both cell types. Finally, the A-myb gene shows a pattern of expression in lymphocytes different from that of c- myb and B-myb. It is expressed in resting T lymphocytes and its levels gradually decrease after mitogenic stimulation to become undetectable at 48 hours. It is also expressed in a subpopulation of large B lymphocytes but not in in vitro activated B cells. Neither of the three members of the myb family of genes was expressed in monocytes and granulocytes, even after functional activation of these cells. Taken together, these data bring further evidence for the role of c-myb in cellular proliferation and on the basis of the kinetics of its induction relative to thymidine uptake, we hypothesize that it may have a role during G1 progression in addition to that already documented for entry into S phase. Furthermore, our studies indicate that another member of the myb family of genes, B-myb, may also be involved in cellular proliferation, because its expression correlates with the induction of mitogenesis.
Molecule-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles:  Synthesis of Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate, Cobalt Pentacyanonitrosylferrate, and Chromium Hexacyanochromate Coordination Polymers in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions (2001)

Although considerable effort has been dedicated to the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with classical inorganic structures, there are few reports on the formation of nanoscale materials based on supramolecular compounds such as transition metal coordination polymers. Here we describe the synthesis of crystalline nanoparticles of three different molecule-based magnetic materials, cobalt hexacyanoferrate, cobalt pentacyanonitrosylferrate, and chromium hexacyanochromate, by coprecipitation reactions involving mixtures of water-in-oil microemulsions. The cobalt-containing nanoparticles are regular in shape and size and have dimensions between 12 and 22 nm depending on the concentration of the reactants trapped within the water droplets. At sufficiently high particle concentrations, superlattice structures are formed by solvent evaporation. Growth of the nanoparticles occurs by interdroplet aggregation of primary clusters that are nucleated in the confined spaces of the microemulsion reaction field.
Cyclooxygenase-2: A Therapeutic Target (2002)

Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Two COX isoforms have been identified, COX-1 and COX-2. In many situations, the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (e.g., in gastric mucosa), whereas COX-2 is highly inducible (e.g., at sites of inflammation and cancer). Traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both enzymes, and a new class of COX-2 selective inhibitors (COXIBs) preferentially inhibit the COX-2 enzyme. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of COX-1 and COX-2 in normal physiology and disease.
Effect of pH on Bone Resorption by Rat Osteoclastsin Vitro (1986)

Acidosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic bone diseases. Experimental acid ingestion is known to stimulate the release of bone mineral in humans and increase osteoclastic resorption surfaces in animals, but the mechanism has remained unclear. We have investigated the effect of medium pH on osteoclastic activity in vitro using a new method that allows direct measurement of bone resorption. Osteoclasts were disaggregated from neonatal rat long bones and allowed to settle onto thin slices of bovine cortical bone. After 24-h incubation in medium 199, adjusted to the required pH, bone slices were fixed, and the number and surface area of resorption pits per slice were determined. Reduction in medium pH from 7.4 to 6.8 resulted in a 14-fold increase in the mean area resorbed per bone slice (P less than 0.01). Five- and 9-fold increases were seen at pH 7.2 and 7.0, respectively. Incubation of bone cells with human PTH-(1-34) (100 ng/ml) did not significantly enhance resorption at either pH 7.4 or 6.4, whereas human calcitonin (50 pg/ml) produced near-total inhibition. Mean osteoclast and mononuclear cell numbers were unaltered by all treatments. This is the first direct demonstration that low pH stimulates cell-mediated bone resorption, an observation that may have considerable physiological and pathophysiological significance.
Strategies for preclinical immunogenicity assessment of protein therapeutics. (2009)

The immunogenicity assessment of protein therapeutics has received significant attention, both from regulatory bodies and industry. With the advent of several industry white papers and the EMEA guidance on the clinical assessment of antidrug antibodies (ADAs), the immunogenicity screening framework has become better defined. Immunogenicity in many cases leads to the loss of efficacy of a drug, but can also lead to the production of severe adverse effects. A risk assessment should be conducted for every biotherapeutic under development to address the incidence rate of immunogenicity, as well as the severity of the adverse effects caused. Typically, immunogenicity is characterized by measuring the ADAs that occur in individuals exposed to a drug. Industry and academic research efforts are geared toward the assessment of potential immunogenicity in a preclinical setting, with the aim of predicting immunogenicity prior to clinical trials, and thereby reducing the attrition rate of drugs in clinical development. This article addresses the current status, strategies and challenges related to the predictive immunogenicity assessment of protein therapeutics.
A transparent service for synchronized replication across loosely-connected file systems (2002)

n-DFS/Parrot is a service that provides synchronized file replication across two loosely-connected file systems. It propagates the modification of replicated files and directories from either file system to the other. Parrot guarantees sequential write sharing over a local- or wide-area network: file access under Parrot has exactly the same semantics as if all of the processes on both hosts were executing on a single time-sharing system and sharing a single copy of each file. Parrot implements a read-one write-all replication scheme as a shared library that runs within an application's address space. It preserves the operating system interface between applications and the file system; it requires no modification in the kernel or the applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exploiting punctuation semantics in continuous data streams (2003)

As most current query processing architectures are already pipelined, it seems logical to apply them to data streams. However, two classes of query operators are impractical for processing long or infinite data streams. Unbounded stateful operators maintain state with no upper bound in size and, so, run out of memory. Blocking operators read an entire input before emitting a single output and, so, might never produce a result. We believe that a priori knowledge of a data stream can permit the use of such operators in some cases. We discuss a kind of stream semantics called punctuated streams. Punctuations in a stream mark the end of substreams allowing us to view an infinite stream as a mixture of finite streams. We introduce three kinds of invariants to specify the proper behavior of operators in the presence of punctuation. Pass invariants define when results can be passed on. Keep invariants define what must be kept in local state to continue successful operation. Propagation invariants define when punctuation can be passed on. We report on our initial implementation and show a strategy for proving implementations of these invariants are faithful to their relational counterparts.
Preparation of 1,3-Diarylpropenes by Phosphine-Free Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Suzuki-Type Coupling of Allyl Bromides with Arylboronic Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 1,3-Diarylpropenes by Phosphine-Free Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Suzuki-Type Coupling of Allyl Bromides with Arylboronic AcidsMarcial Moreno-Manas, Francesca Pajuelo, and Roser PleixatsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2396–2397Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views918Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (219 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with methylprednisolone and cyclosporine with or without an anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody. A multicenter phase III study. (1995)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of BT563, including 13 European centers, was initiated in October 1989 to compare the efficacy of the combination of in vivo anti-CD25 mAb (BT 563), cyclosporine, and steroids versus placebo and CSA-steroids in the treatment of grade II and III acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Sixty-nine patients participated in the study, which excluded non-genotypically identical allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. No statistically significant differences were observed, clinically or biologically, between the 2 groups before the onset of the treatment. Treatment responses were scored during and after the 3-week treatment period (mAb or placebo). Efficacy was evaluated on days 4, 10, 20, 30, and 60 or on any day the patient's condition was found to be deteriorating. Preceding and systemically untreated GVHD of grade I was observed in 59% of the cases. No statistically clinically significant differences between the 2 groups were observed during or upon completion of treatment in GVHD grade. Nine patients in the placebo group and 6 in the active group were withdrawn of the study. Thirteen of these 15 patients were withdrawn because of failure of GVHD therapy (9 in the placebo group and 4 in the BT563 group). At day 20 after onset of the treatment, the response rate was 63% and 70% for the placebo and BT563 groups, respectively (NS). Probability of survival at 1 year was 59% and 66% (NS) for the placebo and active groups, respectively. In conclusion, despite preliminary promising results in the treatment of steroid-resistant acute GVHD, the role of first-line treatment with an in vivo anti-interleukin-2 receptor mAb remains to be determined.
In VitroStudies on Reuterin Synthesis byLactobacillus reuteri (1989)

Lactobacillus reuteri resides in the gastrointestinal ecosystem of humans and other animals. In an earlier report we showed that this enteric species converts glycerol into reuterin—a substance with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In this report we show that reuterin also has antimycotic and antiprotozoal activity. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was developed and used to study the conditions under which reuterin is synthesised. The results show reuterin to be synthesised in vitro under pH, temperature and relative anaerobic conditions similar to those believed to exist in the regions of the gastrointestinal ecosystem inhabited by L.reuteri. It was also demonstrated that L.reuteri cells are stimulated to produce reuterin when permitted to interact directly with a variety of other microorganisms. A symbiotic relationship between L.reuteri and its host is postulated and discussed.
Neuropathology of malignant gliomas. (1994)

Astrocytomas are the most common primary gliomas, with the highly anaplastic glioblastoma multiforme being the most frequently occurring astrocytoma. Distinctive histological features permit astrocytomas to be graded into levels of anaplasia, and these histological grades correlate with biological behavior and patient prognosis. However, there is also a strong correlation between patient age, tumor grade, and prognosis. More objective indicators of tumor proliferative potential, such as BUdR or Ki-67 LI, are currently being investigated with the hope that these will be a more accurate means of predicting patient survival. Oligodendrogliomas are a much less common primary glioma, with a generally better survival rate than astrocytomas. However, grading systems for oligodendrogliomas are not well defined. For any type of glioma, subsequent surgery after radiation therapy may be required for treatment of therapeutic effects or for therapy planning at recurrence. The histological changes observed in these post-therapy biopsy specimens or resections may be difficult to distinguish from reactive changes that can simulate recurrent tumor and vice versa.
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced DNA adducts in peripheral leukocytes from seven cancer patients: quantitative immunochemical detection of the adduct induction and removal after a single dose of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). (1987)

The same four platinum-containing products identified in nucleolytic digests of DNA treated with cisplatin (cisDDP) in vitro now have been shown to be present in digested DNA originating from human cells after in vivo exposure. The immunochemical detection of these products at the fmol level became possible by the application of an existing and two newly raised rabbit antisera with specificities towards the various cisDDP-DNA derived products. In DNA isolated from white blood cells of a number of cancer patients treated with the drug for the first time, intrastrand cross-links on pGpG base sequences appeared to be the main adduct, followed by the intrastrand cross-links on pApG sequences, interstrand cross-links, and/or intrastrand cross-links on two guanines separated by one or more bases and a very low amount of monofunctionally bound cisDDP to guanine; typical proportions were 65, 22, 13, and less than 1%, respectively. The induction and removal of the main adduct, the intrastrand cross-link on pGpG sequences, have been studied in DNA from blood samples of six male patients after their first cisDDP treatment. The results indicate that the susceptibility of blood cells to cisDDP-DNA adduct formation can show strong individually determined differences. From the data it is also clear that a substantial part of the adducts is removed within the first 24 h after the cisDDP-infusion.
Power efficient multimedia communication over wireless channels (2003)

In this work, we introduce an approach for minimizing the total power consumption of a mobile transmitter due to source compression, channel coding and transmission subject to a fixed end-to-end source distortion. We illustrate our approach both on an abstract class of sources and channels and on a realistic H.263 video transmission system through a wireless channel. Performance under different channel environments and implementation schemes are investigated. Our numerical analysis shows that optimized settings can reduce the total power consumption by a significant factor and prolong battery life considerably compared with fixed parameter settings.