gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autodisplay: Development of an Efficacious System for Surface Display of Antigenic Determinants inSalmonellaVaccine Strains (2003)

To optimize antigen delivery by Salmonella vaccine strains, a system for surface display of antigenic determinants was established by using the autotransporter secretion pathway of gram-negative bacteria. A modular system for surface display allowed effective targeting of heterologous antigens or fragments thereof to the bacterial surface by the autotransporter domain of AIDA-I, the Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence. A major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted epitope, comprising amino acids 74 to 86 of the Yersinia enterocolitica heat shock protein Hsp60 (Hsp60(74-86)), was fused to the AIDA-I autotransporter domain, and the resulting fusion protein was expressed at high levels on the cell surface of E. coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Colonization studies in mice vaccinated with Salmonella strains expressing AIDA-I fusion proteins demonstrated high genetic stability of the generated vaccine strain in vivo. Furthermore, a pronounced T-cell response against Yersinia Hsp60(74-86) was induced in mice vaccinated with a Salmonella vaccine strain expressing the Hsp60(74-86)-AIDA-I fusion protein. This was shown by monitoring Yersinia Hsp60-stimulated IFN-gamma secretion and proliferation of splenic T cells isolated from vaccinated mice. These results demonstrate that the surface display of antigenic determinants by the autotransporter pathway deserves special attention regarding the application in live attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains.
Linking Together Books: Experiments in Adapting Published Material into Intermedia Documents (1989)

(1989). Linking Together Books: Experiments in Adapting Published Material into Intermedia Documents. Hypermedia: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 111-145.
Salsalate attenuates diet induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by decreasing lipogenic and inflammatory processes (2015)

Salsalate exerted a preventive effect on the development of NASH and progression to fibrosis. These data suggest a clinical application of salsalate in preventing NASH.
The Central Half of Pit2 Is Not Required for Its Function as a Retroviral Receptor (2004)

The type III sodium-dependent phosphate (NaPi) cotransporter, Pit2, is a receptor for amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) and 10A1 MuLV. In order to determine what is sufficient for Pit2 receptor function, a deletion mutant lacking about the middle half of the protein was made. The mutant supported entry for both viruses, unequivocally narrowing down the identification of the sequence that is sufficient to specify the receptor functions of Pit2 to its N-terminal 182 amino acids and C-terminal 170 amino acids.
Theory and Design of a Direct Space-to-Information Converter for Rapid Detection of Interferer DoA (2017)

A reconfigurable and scalable architecture called the Direct Space-to-Information Converter (DSIC) is presented for rapid and energy-efficient direction-of-arrival (DoA) finding. In conventional delay-and-sum beamformers (CBF), the tradeoff between scan time, resolution and energy consumption is fixed due to the Nyquist sampling theorem. To accurately detect the DoA of an interferer, many scan angles and complex energy intensive calculations are needed. In contrast, the proposed DSIC directly converts an incoming wavefront to spatial information and generates only a few compressed sensing (CS) measurements by forming random projections of the spatial signal consecutively in time. The DoA of the wavefront is then rapidly found from these CS measurements. The energy consumption of the DSIC is 16x lower than the CBF for a realistic scenario where the DoA of only one large interferer needs to be found. Compared to other recently proposed CS DoA finders, the DSIC delivers significant reconfigurability and scalability advantages especially when the number of interferers is unknown.
Interleukin-10 inhibits antigen-induced cellular recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice. (1995)

This report examines the effect of recombinant murine (rm) IL-10 on antigen-induced cellular recruitment into the airways of sensitized Balb/c mice. The intranasal instillation of 10 micrograms ovalbumin induced an early (6-24 h) increase in the number of neutrophils, and a late rise (24-96 h) in that of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial tissue. A single intranasal instillation of 0.01-0.1 microgram of rmIL-10, administered concurrently with ovalbumin, but not 1 or 3 h thereafter, dose-dependently inhibited both airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia. This phenomenon was suppressed by treating the sensitized mice with 1 mg/mouse of a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb, which increased significantly ovalbumin-induced neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in the BAL fluid. These results suggest that antigen stimulation may trigger the in vivo generation of IL-10, which, in turn, participates in the leukocyte infiltration into the airways. rmIL-10 also reduced TNF-alpha release in the BAL fluid observed 1 and 3 h after antigen challenge. Furthermore, the intranasal instillation of an anti-TNF-alpha antiserum to sensitized mice markedly reduced ovalbumin-induced neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in the BAL fluid. These findings indicate that leukocyte infiltration into the airways of antigen-challenged mice is regulated by IL-10. Furthermore, inhibition of TNF-alpha production by rmIL-10 suggests that allergic airway inflammation and TNF-alpha formation are parallel events in this model.
Enzymatic conversion of proteins to glycoproteins. (1977)

The enzymatic transfer of the oligosaccharide moiety from an oligosaccharide-lipid to denatured forms of three secretory proteins--ovalbumin, alpha-lactalbumin, and ribonuclease A--has been demonstrated utilizing a membrane fraction from hen oviduct. Based on a survey of 10 proteins denatured by sulfitolysis, the presence of the tripeptide sequence -Asn-X-Thr-Ser- (X represents a variable amino acid) appears to be necessary but not sufficient for the protein to serve as acceptor in vitro. The results of this investigation also suggest that unfolding of the polypeptide chain is required in order to expose sites for carbohydrate attachment.
Fast electrical detection of Hg(II) ions with AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (2007)

Bare Au gated and thioglycolic acid functionalized Au-gated AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were used to detect mercury (II) ions. Fast detection of less than 5s was achieved for thioglycolic acid functionalized sensors. This is the shortest response time ever reported for mercury detection. Thioglycolic acid functionalized Au-gated AlGaN∕GaN HEMT based sensors showed 2.5 times larger response than bare Au-gated based sensors. The sensors were able to detect mercury (II) ion concentration as low as 10−7M. The sensors showed an excellent sensing selectivity of more than 100 for detecting mercury ions over sodium or magnesium ions. The dimensions of the active area of the sensor and the entire sensor chip are 50×50μm2 and 1×5mm2, respectively. Therefore, portable, fast response, and wireless based heavy metal ion detectors can be realized with AlGaN∕GaN HEMT based sensors.
Nimesulide, a preferential cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, suppresses peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor induction of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human synovial fibroblasts: Evidence for receptor antagonism (2002)

PPAR-mediated induction of COX-2 expression and synthesis in human OA synovial fibroblasts is inhibited by therapeutic concentrations of NIM through the functional antagonism of ligand-dependent receptor activation, with the resultant suppression of PPAR-dependent transactivation of target genes (e.g., COX-2).
Tumor cell adhesion and migration supported by interaction of a receptor-protease complex with its inhibitor (1999)

Tissue factor (TF), the cell-surface receptor for coagulation factor VIIa, supports metastasis. Equally important for this process are (a) interactions of the TF cytoplasmic domain, which binds the mobility-enhancing actin-binding protein 280, and (b) the formation of a proteolytically active TF-VIIa complex on the tumor cell surface. In primary bladder carcinoma cells, we find that this complex localizes to the invasive edge, in proximity to tumor-infiltrating vessels that stain intensely for TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI-1), the major inhibitor of the protease activity of the complex. In culture, binding of VIIa to TF-expressing tumor cells is sufficient to allow cell adhesion, migration, and intracellular signaling on immobilized TFPI-1. Immobilized heparin, a mimic for extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, binds physiological concentrations of TFPI-1 in a conformation that supports TF-VIIa-dependent cell adhesion. Consistent with a functional role of TFPI-1 in complex extracellular matrices, we show that TF cooperates with integrin-mediated adhesion and migration on composite matrices that contain ligands for both integrins and the TF-VIIa complex. This study thus provides evidence for a novel mechanism of protease-supported migration that is independent of proteolytic matrix degradation but rather involves protease-dependent bridging of TF's extracellular domain to an ECM-associated inhibitor.
Pioneering work, economic factors provide insights into Russian drilling technology (1998)

In Russia and America, individual ingenuity and economic forces have produced a variety of drilling technologies, resulting in the development of disparate drilling systems. Endeavors by the US Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Sandia Laboratories, and private industry have promoted exchanges of knowledge since the 1980s, and now that the barriers to technology transfer are being lifted, engineers from both countries have the opportunity to exchange knowledge and incorporate the best of both. The Russian drilling industry, like the Russian space program, has achieved tremendous success in implementing product and process innovations including the first directional (1940s), horizontal (1950s), and multilateral (1950s) wells. In addition, Russian engineers built the first turbodrills, electrodrills, novel drills (lasers, explosives), aluminum drill pipe, downhole electric submersible pumps, and mud hammers. This first part of a two-part series describes the achievements of Russian engineers in horizontal and multilateral drilling technologies followed by a discussion of the economic differences that led Russian and American drillers to develop dissimilar drilling systems. The second part describes a variety of innovative Russian technologies and provides details on the technical advantages they offer for the drilling process.
Bioavailability study of furosemide prodrugs in rats. (1992)

According to the hydrolysis performance "in vitro" and lipophylicity, two Furosemide (F) prodrugs were chosen from a series of acyloxymethylesters of F synthesized previously: P1 (acetyloxymethyl-4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilate ) and P4 (pivaloyloxymethyl-4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilate+ ++). The bioavailability studies were assayed over two groups of eight male Wistar rats as a randomized two-way crossover and balanced design: group 1) a solution of P1 in propylenglycol/ethyl acetate vs an aqueous solution of F, and group 2) P1 vs. P4 solutions in oleic acid (P1#, P4#). These assays showed a better absorption performance of P1 and P4 than F, while the two prodrugs showed a similar bioavailability. The oleic acid seems to be responsible for the delay in the recovery of 50% of the total amount of F excreted in urine (T50%). When the monitoring is done in plasma after the administration of P1#, P1 was not detected as circulating prodrug. The analytical determinations of F in urine and plasma were done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the urinary excretion data, a slope that indicates a slow elimination was found with a half-life of 12 hours approximately.
A 33-kDa polypeptide with homology to the laminin receptor: component of translation machinery. (1992)

A 33-kDa polypeptide (termed p40), which shares an antigenic determinant with a laminin receptor and is under translational control, is believed to serve as a precursor to the receptor and to be related to the neoplastic state. The present study of subcellular localization of this protein shows it to be a cytoplasmic component not associated with the plasma membrane. Most of the cellular p40 was found to be associated with polyribosomes as well as with 40S to 60S cytoplasmic particles. Conditions that lead to polysome disruption also caused release of the polysomal form of p40 as smaller particles, and polysome reconstitution was accompanied by uptake of p40 into these structures. Because of the large abundance of this protein in the cells (six to eight copies per ribosome), it is unlikely that it represents a factor that associates with the 40S preinitiation complex. The p40-containing particles appear to represent a newly discovered structure involved in the process of polysome formation.
Changes of Intratumoral Microvessels and Blood Perfusion during Establishment of Hepatic Metastases in Mice (2007)

Stepwise changes of intratumoral microcirculation were revealed from direct diffusion, to portal perfusion, to mixed portal and arterial perfusion, and finally to arterial perfusion in accordance with stepwise tumor neovascularization during the growth of murine colonic hepatic metastases.
A Comparison of Three Methods for Production of Human Hybridomas Secreting Autoantibodies (1998)

Human hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in a stable manner are technically difficult to obtain. The problems limiting their production are the low numbers of sensitized B cells in peripheral blood, the limited choice of techniques for B cell immortalization, the limited number of suitable human myeloma or lymphoblastoid fusion partners, and the inability to immunize humans with most antigens. In order to circumvent these problems, we have compared the efficiency of different methods for production of B cell lines secreting human MAbs against the nuclear antigens dsDNA, ssDNA, and Sm/RNP from patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have tested various combinations of the following procedures: (1) EBV infection for immortalization of activated B lymphocytes, (2) activation of human resting B lymphocytes by anti-CD40, and (3) direct fusion of lymphocytes with a myeloma cell line using PBL or splenocytes from SLE patients. The methodological aspects of this investigation include optimization of the CD40 system and the generation of human hybridomas specific for nuclear antigens by fusion between sensitized lymphocytes and the human/mouse heteromyeloma cell line CBF7. The most efficient method for producing stable, IgG autoantibody-secreting human hybridomas was fusion of lymphocytes with cell line CBF7; human spleen was the best source of lymphocytes.
Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease. (1987)

Tissue specimens from 21 cases of Hodgkin's disease were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus DNA by molecular hybridization techniques. EBV DNA was detected in 4 cases, including 2 of 8 cases which had been previously shown to contain clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Two of the cases containing EBV DNA were of the nodular sclerosing type and had received prior therapy; the other 2 were classified as mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease and had not received therapy before the biopsy tissue was obtained. Analyses of the terminal portions of EBV genomes indicated a monoclonal or oligoclonal proliferation of EBV-infected cells in the tissues studied. In contrast, none of the 21 cases had detectable cytomegalovirus DNA sequences. The identification of EBV DNA may reflect the proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells due to the reduced immune competence frequently noted in Hodgkin's disease or may indicate the presence of EBV genomes within Reed-Sternberg cells.
Neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory (2001)

Commonalities and differences in findings across neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory are reviewed. In general terms, the overall pattern across studies is of medial and left-lateralized activations associated with retrieval of autobiographical event memories. It seems that the medial frontal cortex and left hippocampus in particular are responsive to such memories. However, there are also inconsistencies across studies, for example in the activation of the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It is likely that methodological differences between studies contribute to the disparate findings. Quantifying and assessing autobiographical event memories presents a challenge in many domains, including neuroimaging. Methodological factors that may be pertinent to the interpretation of the neuroimaging data and the design of future experiments are discussed. Consideration is also given to aspects of memory that functional neuroimaging might be uniquely disposed to examine. These include assessing the functionality of damaged tissue in patients and the estimation of inter-regional communication (effective connectivity) between relevant brain regions.
Neutrophils and their Fc receptors are essential in a mouse model of transfusion-related acute lung injury (2006)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the most common cause of transfusion-related mortality. To explore the pathogenesis of TRALI, we developed an in vivo mouse model based on the passive transfusion of an MHC class I (MHC I) mAb (H2Kd) to mice with the cognate antigen. Transfusion of the MHC I mAb to BALB/c mice produced acute lung injury with increased excess lung water, increased lung vascular and lung epithelial permeability to protein, and decreased alveolar fluid clearance. There was 50% mortality at a 2-hour time point after Ab administration. Pulmonary histology and immunohistochemistry revealed prominent neutrophil sequestration in the lung microvasculature that occurred concomitantly with acute peripheral blood neutropenia, all within 2 hours of administration of the mAb. Depletion of neutrophils by injection of anti-granulocyte mAb Gr-1 protected mice from lung injury following MHC I mAb challenge. FcRgamma-/- mice were resistant to MHC I mAb-induced lung injury, while adoptive transfer of wild-type neutrophils into the FcRgamma-/- animals restored lung injury following MHC I mAb challenge. In conclusion, in a clinically relevant in vivo mouse model of TRALI using an MHC I mAb, the mechanism of lung injury was dependent on neutrophils and their Fc gamma receptors.
In situ vaccination against mycosis fungoides by intratumoral injection of a TLR9 agonist combined with radiation: a phase 1/2 study (2011)

We have developed and previously reported on a therapeutic vaccination strategy for indolent B-cell lymphoma that combines local radiation to enhance tumor immunogenicity with the injection into the tumor of a TLR9 agonist. As a result, antitumor CD8(+) T cells are induced, and systemic tumor regression was documented. Because the vaccination occurs in situ, there is no need to manufacture a vaccine product. We have now explored this strategy in a second disease: mycosis fungoides (MF). We treated 15 patients. Clinical responses were assessed at the distant, untreated sites as a measure of systemic antitumor activity. Five clinically meaningful responses were observed. The procedure was well tolerated and adverse effects consisted mostly of mild and transient injection site or flu-like symptoms. The immunized sites showed a significant reduction of CD25(+), Foxp3(+) T cells that could be either MF cells or tissue regulatory T cells and a similar reduction in S100(+), CD1a(+) dendritic cells. There was a trend toward greater reduction of CD25(+) T cells and skin dendritic cells in clinical responders versus nonresponders. Our in situ vaccination strategy is feasible also in MF and the clinical responses that occurred in a subset of patients warrant further study with modifications to augment these therapeutic effects. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00226993.
Catalytic and Atom‐Economic C−C Bond Formation: Alkyl Tantalum Ureates for Hydroaminoalkylation (2018)

Atom-economic and regioselective Csp3 -Csp3 bond formation has been achieved by rapid C-H alkylation of unprotected secondary arylamines with unactivated alkenes. The combination of Ta(CH<sub>2</sub> SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>3</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub> , and a ureate N,O-chelating-ligand salt gives catalytic systems prepared in situ that can realize high yields of β-alkylated aniline derivatives from either terminal or internal alkene substrates. These new catalyst systems realize C-H alkylation in as little as one hour and for the first time a 1:1 stoichiometry of alkene and amine substrates results in high yielding syntheses of isolated amine products by simple filtration and concentration.
Human IgA Activates the Complement System Via the Mannan-Binding Lectin Pathway (2001)

The recently identified lectin pathway of the complement system, initiated by binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to its ligands, is a key component of innate immunity. MBL-deficient individuals show an increased susceptibility for infections, especially of the mucosal system. We examined whether IgA, an important mediator of mucosal immunity, activates the complement system via the lectin pathway. Our results indicate a dose-dependent binding of MBL to polymeric, but not monomeric IgA coated in microtiter plates. This interaction involves the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL, because it was calcium dependent and inhibited by mannose and by mAb against this domain of MBL. Binding of MBL to IgA induces complement activation, as demonstrated by a dose-dependent deposition of C4 and C3 upon addition of a complement source. The MBL concentrations required for IgA-induced C4 and C3 activation are well below the normal MBL plasma concentrations. In line with these experiments, serum from individuals having mutations in the MBL gene showed significantly less activation of C4 by IgA and mannan than serum from wild-type individuals. We conclude that MBL binding to IgA results in complement activation, which is proposed to lead to a synergistic action of MBL and IgA in antimicrobial defense. Furthermore, our results may explain glomerular complement deposition in IgA nephropathy.
The degenerative effect of a single intranigral injection of LPS on the dopaminergic system is prevented by dexamethasone, and not mimicked by rh‐TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IFN‐γ (2002)

It is becoming widely accepted that the inflammatory response is involved in neurodegenerative disease. In this context, we have developed an animal model of dopaminergic system degeneration by the intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inductor of inflammation. To address the importance of the inflammatory response in the LPS-induced degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurones, we carried out two different kinds of studies: (i) the possible protective effect of an anti-inflammatory compound, and (ii) the effect of the intranigral injection of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma) on dopaminergic neurones viability. Present results show that dexamethasone, a potent anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with many of the features characterizing pro-inflammatory glial activation, prevented the loss of catecholamine content, Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and TH immunostaining induced by LPS-injection and also the bulk activation of microglia/macrophages. Surprisingly, injection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines failed to reproduce the LPS effect. Taken together, our results suggest that inflammatory response is implicated in LPS-induced neurodegeneration. This damage may be due, at least in part, to a cascade of events independent of that described for TNF-alpha/IL-1 beta/IFN-gamma.