gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A peptidomimetic antagonist of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 inhibits Leydig cell tumor growth and the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy. (1998)

The integrin alpha(v)beta3 interacts with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide recognition sequence of a variety of extracellular matrix proteins. Recent studies show that alpha(v)beta3 plays an important role in tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth and that antagonists of alpha(v)beta3 inhibit angiogenic processes that include endothelial cell adhesion and migration. Consequently, we reasoned that an RGD-based peptidomimetic antagonist of alpha(v)beta3 might inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. An RGD-peptidomimetic library was screened to identify antagonists of vitronectin binding to alpha(v)beta3, and the compounds chosen were modified to produce selective and potent inhibitors of alpha(v)beta3. One of these compounds, beta-[[2-2-[[[3-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-phenyl]carbonyl]amino]ac etyl]amino]-3,5-dichlorobenzenepropanoic acid (SC-68448), inhibited vitronectin binding to both alpha(v)beta3 and the closely related platelet receptor, alpha(IIb)beta3, in a dose-responsive manner. SC-68448 inhibited vitronectin binding to alpha(v)beta3 (IC50, 1 nM) and fibrinogen binding to the platelet receptor alpha(IIb)beta3 (IC50, >100 nM), demonstrating that SC-68448 was 100-fold more potent as an inhibitor of alpha(v)beta3 versus alpha(IIb)beta3. In cell-based studies, SC-68448 inhibited alpha(v)beta3-mediated endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner but did not inhibit tumor cell proliferation, suggesting that effects on endothelial cell proliferation were not due to SC-68448-induced cytotoxicity. In accord with these results, SC-68448 inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in a basic fibroblast growth factor-induced rat corneal neovascularization model. A xenogeneic severe combined immune deficiency mouse/rat Leydig cell tumor model was developed for testing SC-68448 as an inhibitor of tumor growth in vivo. Rat Leydig cell tumors grew rapidly in severe combined immune deficiency mice and produced humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. SC-68448 inhibited the growth of the tumors in mice by up to 80% and completely blocked the development of hypercalcemia. Together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of antitumor therapies based upon the development of nontoxic small molecule pharmacological antagonists of integrin alpha(v)beta3.
Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Hypervariable Regions Using Infrared Fluorescence Detection (1998)

The non-coding region of the mitochondrial genome provides an attractive target for human forensic identification studies. Two hypervariable (HV) regions, each approximately 250-350 bp in length, contain the majority of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variability among different individuals. Various approaches to determine mtDNA sequence were evaluated utilizing highly sensitive infrared (IR) fluorescence detection. HV regions were amplified either together or separately and cycle-sequenced using a Thermo Sequenase protocol. An M13 universal primer sequence tail covalently attached to the 5' terminus of an amplification primer facilitated electrophoretic analysis and direct sequencing of the amplification products using IR detection.
Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation of AlN/α-Al2O3 Heteroepitaxial Interface with Initial-Nitriding AlN Layer (1995)

The AlN/α-Al 2 O 3 heteroepitaxial interface is investigated using a transmission electron microscope. The epitaxial AlN film is deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with and without initial nitriding. The initial nitriding method is to convert the α-Al 2 O 3 substrate surface to a nanometer-thick AlN single-crystal buffer layer in NH 3 ambient just before AlN deposition. The (1\bar210)AlN/(1\bar102)α-Al 2 O 3 interface with initial nitriding is found to be atomically flat, and no dislocation inside the postdeposited AlN is observed. We have confirmed that initial nitriding is excellent in improving the crystal quality of the AlN epitaxial layer.
A three‐year follow up of tension free vaginal tape for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (1999)

We consider the tension-free vaginal tape operation to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence. The technique can be considered as an ambulatory procedure performed under local anaesthesia, allowing the majority of the women to be discharged from the clinic the same day or the day after the procedure.
Acyclic Polyacetals from Polysaccharides: Biomimetic Biomedical "Stealth" Polymers (2001)

Technologically adaptable hydrophilic polymers combining negligible in vivo reactivity with biodegradability would be instrumental in the development of specialized materials for advanced biomedical applications. Such highly biocompatible biodegradable polymers can be obtained via partial emulation of carbohydrate interface structures prevalent in biological systems. These structures are also present in polysaccharides and in some cases can be chemically "carved out" and isolated as acyclic hydrophilic polyacetals.
Storage of platelets in balanced salt solutions: a simple platelet storage medium (1991)

When a commercially available intravenous solution, plasmalyte-A, was added to platelet pellets as a platelet storage medium (PSM) after more than 85 percent of the plasma had been expressed, the platelets functioned equally well, after 5 days of storage, in platelet aggregation, release reaction, and serotonin uptake as did platelets stored in plasma. The level of fibrinopeptide A was significantly different in the PSM. Similarly, lower levels of kallikrein and complement components in the PSM-stored platelets indicated reduced activation of plasma enzyme systems. Morphology scores showed better shape maintenance in PSM, with values of 255 versus values of 185 in plasma (time zero, 280); electron microscopy also showed somewhat better structural maintenance in PSM. Glucose consumption, lactate and ammonia production, and fatty acid oxidation were also reduced in PSM. No significant differences in pH, white cell count, pO2, pCO2, or lactic dehydrogenase were observed after 5 days of storage in plasma or PSM; however, platelet counts were reduced after 5 days in plasma but remained constant in PSM. The beta-thromboglobulin release was significantly lower in the PSM-stored platelets after 5 days. The volume of platelet membrane glycoprotein lb (which is responsible for platelet adhesion) decreased 15 percent in plasma following storage, whereas a decrease of only 5 percent was noted in PSM. There was less leaching of plasticizers in PSM than in plasma. Survival and recovery using 51Cr-labeled autologous platelets showed that, after 5 days of storage, the recovery of PSM-stored platelets was 63 percent and the survival was 7.7 +/- 0.8 days (multiple hit model).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
E1a regions of the human adenoviruses and of the highly oncogenic simian adenovirus 7 are closely related (1985)

Simian adenovirus 7 (SA7) is a highly oncogenic virus, capable of causing tumors in hamsters upon the direct injection of viral DNA. We determined the transcriptional organization of the transforming region and compared it with that of the human adenoviruses. This analysis demonstrated that there are two independently promoted transcription units similar to the E1a and E1b regions of the human adenoviruses. The nucleotide sequence of the SA7 E1a region demonstrated considerable homology with the human adenoviruses, both in the sequences that regulate E1a expression and in the encoded polypeptides. The amino acid homology was reflected in the ability of SA7 to complement the growth of human adenoviruses mutant in the E1a region. Furthermore, we found two regions of amino acid homology unique to SA7 and the highly oncogenic human adenovirus 12.
Genomic Organization of the MammalianMhc (2003)

The Human Genome Project transformed the quest of more than 50 years to understand the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc). The sequence of the Mhc from human and mouse, together with a large amount of sequence and mapping information from several other species, allows us to draw general conclusions about the organization and origin of this crucial part of the immune system. The Mhc is a mosaic of stretches formed by conserved and nonconserved genes. Surprisingly, of the approximately 3.6-Mb Mhc, the stretches that encode the class I and class II genes, which epitomize the Mhc, are the least conserved part, whereas the approximately 1.7-Mb stretches that encode at least 115 other genes are highly conserved. We summarize the available data to answer the questions (a) What is the Mhc? and (b) How can we define it in a general, not species-specific, way? Knowing what is essential and what is incidental helps us understand the fundamentals of the Mhc, and defining the species differences makes the model organisms more useful.
Web-based ip evaluation and distribution using applets (2003)

This paper introduces an IP evaluation and delivery framework that operates within Java applets. The use of such applets allows circuit designers to create, evaluate, test, and obtain FPGA circuits directly within a Web browser. Based on the JHDL design tool, these applets allow structural viewing, circuit simulation, and netlist generation of application-specific circuits. An important component of this framework is the ability to deliver black-box simulation models as executable Java applets. These applet-based simulation models can be tied to third-party simulation tools using network sockets. Several techniques for interfacing black-box applet models to external simulators are described.
Methylglyoxal-Derived Hydroimidazolone Advanced Glycation End-Products of Human Lens Proteins (2003)

Methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones are quantitatively major AGEs of human lens proteins. These substantial modifications of lens proteins may stimulate further glycation, oxidation, and protein aggregation leading to the formation of cataract.
MicroRNA signatures associated with cytogenetics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs of 19 to 25 nucleotides that are negative regulators of gene expression. To determine whether miRNAs are associated with cytogenetic abnormalities and clinical features in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we evaluated the miRNA expression of CD34(+) cells and 122 untreated adult AML cases using a microarray platform. After background subtraction and normalization using a set of housekeeping genes, data were analyzed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays. An independent set of 60 untreated AML patients was used to validate the outcome signatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We identified several miRNAs differentially expressed between CD34(+) normal cells and the AML samples. miRNA expression was also closely associated with selected cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, such as t(11q23), isolated trisomy 8, and FLT3-ITD mutations. Furthermore, patients with high expression of miR-191 and miR-199a had significantly worse overall and event-free survival than AML patients with low expression (overall survival: miR-191, P = .03; and miR-199a, P = .001, Cox regression). In conclusion, miRNA expression in AML is closely associated with cytogenetics and FLT3-ITD mutations. A small subset of miRNAs is correlated with survival.
Illuminating Photoswitchable Catalysis (2013)

Through the realization of conceptually new approaches aimed at controlling chemical reactions using light, the field of photoswitchable catalysis has seen rapid development over the past three decades. Although many photoswitchable catalysts are heterogeneous and utilize photosensitive surfaces, such as TiO2 and CdSe, significant attention has also been directed toward homogeneous analogues, primarily by capitalizing on the steric changes that accompany the E -&amp;gt; Z photoisomerizations of azobenzene or stilbene derivatives. More recently, photochromic diarylethene moieties have been used to switch the intrinsic catalytic activities and selectivities through alteration of the steric and electronic properties displayed by a supporting ligand. In addition to detailing the aforementioned advances, this perspective summarizes other important developments in photoswitchable catalysis and offers a viewpoint on the future outlook of the field.
The Origin of Gymnosperms and the Seed Habit (1898)

1. A great Cordaites plexus, more extensive than the one usually included under that name, represented the characteristic Palaeozoic seed plants. 2. It was probably derived from homosporous-eusporangiate Filicales, represented today most abundantly by the Marattia forms and their allies, and was the most common Palaeozoic type of Filicales. 3. From it the gymnosperm lines, at least the cycads and conifers, were derived, the usually recognized Cordaites representing a transition stage towards conifers. 4. The frequent independent appearance of heterospory is to be expected, as it probably results from inequalities of nutrition in connection with the development of antheridia and archegonia. 5. The retention of the megaspore, resulting in the seed habit, follows the extreme sterilization of the megasporangium, which is attained with the organization of but one megaspore. With the development of a single megaspore imbedded in sterile tissue, shedding becomes mechanically difficult, unnecessary, and even disadvantageous from the standpoint of nutrition. 6. The retention of the megaspore was followed by the development possibly of seed coats, through the well-known effect of fertilization upon adjacent tissues; by immediate germination of the oospore, on account of the favorable conditions and the abundant supply of available nutrition; and by the checking of the developing embryo by the mature seed structures, resulting in the characteristic intra-seminal and extraseminal stages of germination. 7. The first retained megaspores were doubtless directly exposed to the microspores, and in Cordaites and cycads a pollen chamber of varying depth and extent is associated with the early stages of siphonogamy, with which spermatozoid habit was more or less associated. 8. The pollination of gymnosperms is but a continuation of the ordinary method of dispersing aerial spores employed by cryptogams, the chief result of the retention of the megaspore upon the male gametophyte being the development of siphonogamy.
Vaccination Against Angiogenesis-Associated Antigens: A Novel Cancer Immunotherapy Strategy (2003)

Therapeutic vaccines represent an attractive approach to cancer treatment. Traditionally, cancer immunotherapy targets antigens expressed by the tumor cells. Although numerous clinical trials studying different cancer vaccines have been conducted during the past twenty years, very limited clinical responses have been observed. The inefficient anti-tumor immunity is thought to be due, in major part, to the escape mechanisms exerted by the genetically unstable tumor cells, e.g., emergence of antigen-loss mutants, downregulation of MHC molecules and lack of expression of costimulatory molecules. Recently, a novel vaccine strategy has been developed to circumvent these obstacles. Taking advantage of the importance of angiogenesis in tumor growth and the genetic stability of endothelial cells, this immunotherapy strategy targets antigens (e.g., angiogenic growth factor receptors) overexpressed by the tumor neo-vasculature rather than the tumor cells per se. For example, active immunization against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been shown to generate strong cellular and humoral immune responses, which lead to the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis. This review provides an outline of this emerging field and discusses the advantages and potential pitfalls of such a vaccine strategy.
Importance of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase and Its Cleavage in Apoptosis (1998)

We have studied the apoptotic response of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-/- cells to different inducers and the consequences of the expression of an uncleavable mutant of PARP on the apoptotic process. The absence of PARP drastically increases the sensitivity of primary bone marrow PARP-/- cells to apoptosis induced by an alkylating agent but not by a topoisomerase I inhibitor CPT-11 or by interleukin-3 removal. cDNA of wild type or of an uncleavable PARP mutant (D214A-PARP) has been introduced into PARP-/- fibroblasts, which were exposed to anti-CD95 or an alkylating agent to induce apoptosis. The expression of D214A-PARP results in a significant delay of cell death upon CD95 stimulation. Morphological analysis shows a retarded cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation. Upon treatment with an alkylating agent, expression of wild-type PARP cDNA into PARP-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in the restoration of the cell viability, and the D214A-PARP mutant had no further effect on cell recovery. In conclusion, PARP-/- cells are extremely sensitive to apoptosis induced by triggers (like alkylating agents), which activates the base excision repair pathway of DNA, and the cleavage of PARP during apoptosis facilitates cellular disassembly and ensures the completion and irreversibility of the process.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Single‐Site Solid Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions (2012)

Abstract This review documents the evolution of chiral MOF catalysts from simple Lewis acid and Lewis base catalysts that afford limited selectivity to more recent advancements that exhibit high stereo‐ and regioselectivities. MOF‐based catalysts provide unprecedented opportunities for interrogating structure‐activity relationships at high structural precision and for controlling catalytic activity by using external stimuli. The most notable disadvantage of MOF‐based catalysts has been the inherent instability of the materials. This hurdle, which effectively limits the reaction scope of MOF catalysts, is slowly being overcome by the advent of new binding moieties and secondary building units.
Quantitative analysis of collagen gel contractile forces generated by dermal fibroblasts and the relationship to cell morphology (1996)

The force generated in granulation tissue during wound contraction is thought to be cell mediated; however, it is unclear whether contractile forces are generated by fibroblast locomotion or contraction of myofibroblasts. To help clarify this question the force of this contraction can now be determined accurately in a human dermal fibroblast collagen lattice system using a novel instrument known as a Culture Force Monitor. Three distinct phases of contraction of such collagen gels could be identified over the first 24 hours. Most of the force generated by human dermal fibroblasts was produced during the first stage in parallel with cell attachment and associated changes in cell shape, and the appearance of cell processes. During this initial 24 hours no evidence could be found for the presence of myofibroblasts, but stereoscopic and electron microscopic analysis at a range of time points indicated that migratory fibroblasts were present in the system. Comparison of the contraction profiles of cells extracted from other tissues (tendon and articular cartilage), and extracted by different means from the same tissue specimen, indicated that different populations of fibroblasts can be distinguished on the basis of their pattern of contractions. It would seem that most of the force generated in this model is a result of fibroblast attachment and movement within the collagen lattice. Furthermore, different groups of fibroblasts, even within the same tissue, may vary in their contraction (hence locomotory) activity.
Comparison of acyl donors for lipase‐catalyzed production of 1,3‐dicapryloyl‐2‐eicosapentaenoylglycerol (2001)

Abstract Synthesis of 1,3‐dicapryloyl‐2‐eicosapentaenoylglycerol (CEC) catalyzed by Lipozyme IM (immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase) was performed by interesterification of trieicosapentaenoylglycerol (EEE) with caprylic acid (CA) (acidolysis) and EEE with ethyl caprylate (EtC) (interesterification). Both methods involved two steps: (i) transesterification at an optimized water content and temperature for the high yield conversion of the substrate to CEC, 1‐capryloyl‐2‐eicosapentaenoylglycerol (CEOH) and 2‐eicosapentaenoylglycerol (OHEOH), and (ii) reesterification of CEOH and OHEOH to CEC by water removal under reduced pressure. Interesterification had clear advantages over acidolysis. The reaction rates for interesterification were higher and the reaction times shorter. The final yield of CEC by interesterification was higher, and the extent of acyl migration, indicated by the tricapryloylglycerol content, was lower. The disadvantage of the higher price of EtC used for interesterification (approximately 10 times higher than the price of CA) was overcome by synthesizing it directly in the same reaction vessel prior to the interesterification step. EtC was rapidly synthesized by esterification of CA with ethanol in high yield (92% obtained in 2.5 h). The amount of water added to the reaction mixture and the reaction temperature influenced the yields of CEC, CEOH, and OHEOH in the transesterification step for both interesterification and acidolysis methods. The regioisomeric purity of CEC was 100% for both methods at temperatures of 40°C or less. The highest yield of CEC (81%) was obtained for the interesterification of EEE with EtC, formed directly in the same reaction vessel, at a CA/EEE molar ratio of 20∶1 and 30°C.
Association of EnterotoxigenicBacteroides fragilisInfection with Inflammatory Diarrhea (2008)

ETBF infection is a newly recognized cause of inflammatory diarrhea in children and adults. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of ETBF in persistent colonic inflammation and other morbid sequelae of acute diarrheal disease.
Printed monopole slot antenna for multiband operation in the mobile phone (2007)

In this paper, we present a promising design of the monopole slot antenna for multiband operation in the mobile phone. The antenna is formed by two monopole slots of different lengths and is capable of multiband operation covering the AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN bands. With multiband operation achieved in this study, however, the proposed printed monopole slot antenna requires a small area of 15 x 40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the system circuit board of the mobile phone. Design considerations of the antenna are described in detail in the paper, and results for the constructed prototype are presented and discussed.
<title>200-in. full-color laser projection display</title> (1998)

A 200 inches large-area laser projection display is presented. the laser light processor is mainly composed of a white laser for light source, acousto-optic modulators and the laser beam scanner composed of a galvanometer and a polygon scan mirror. The white light source is a Krypton- Argon laser with main wavelengths 647nm, 515nm, 488nm, respectively. Collimated and focused laser beams are modulated at acousto-optic modulators according to the video signals. Dichroic mirrors are used for separating the white laser beam to red, green, blue light beams and recombining the modulated red, green, blue light beams to one light beam. Recombined laser beam is vertically scanned by a galvanometer running at 60Hz rate and horizontally scanned by the 24 facet polygon scan mirror rotating at the speed of 39,375rpm. Between the polygon scan mirror and the galvanometer, relay lenses are inserted for which horizontally scanned beam is focused onto the galvanometer mirror facet. The size of 4m X 3m image with high resolution is obtained at the throw distance of 7m using 4W white light.