gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freestanding Co3O4 nanowire array for high performance supercapacitors (2012)

We report a single-crystalline Co3O4 nanowire array grown on a nickel foam prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method for supercapacitor application. The Co3O4 nanowires show sharp tips and have an average diameter of 70 nm, and a length up to 25 μm. Impressively, the as-prepared single-crystalline Co3O4 nanowire array exhibits noticeable pseudocapacitive performance with a high capacitance of 754 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and 610 F g−1 at 40 A g−1 as well as excellent cycling stability. The enhanced supercapacitor performance is due to the unique one-dimensional (1D) architecture, which provides fast diffusion paths for ions and facilitates the electron and ion transfer on the Co3O4/electrolyte interfaces. Moreover, the 1D nanowire array can accommodate the volume expansion and restrain the pulverization and deterioration of Co3O4 during the repeated cycling process, resulting in enhanced cycling stability.
Crystal structure of human histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) (2006)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) was recently identified as the first histone demethylase that specifically demethylates monomethylated and dimethylated histone H3 at K4. It is a component of the CoREST and other corepressor complexes and plays an important role in silencing neuronal-specific genes in nonneuronal cells, but the molecular mechanisms of its action remain unclear. The 2.8-A-resolution crystal structure of the human LSD1 reveals that LSD1 defines a new subfamily of FAD-dependent oxidases. The active center of LSD1 is characterized by a remarkable 1,245-A3 substrate-binding cavity with a highly negative electrostatic potential. Although the protein core of LSD1 resembles other flavoenzymes, its enzymatic activity and functions require two additional structural modules: an N-terminal SWIRM domain important for protein stability and a large insertion in the catalytic domain indispensable both for the demethylase activity and the interaction with CoREST. These results provide a framework for further probing the catalytic mechanism and the functional roles of LSD1.
Relationship of PTTG Expression with Tumor Invasiveness and Microvessel Density of Pituitary Adenomas: A Meta-Analysis (2014)

Aims: Many existing studies have demonstrated that pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) expression may contribute to the development of pituitary adenomas (PAs), but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationships of PTTG expression with tumor invasiveness and microvessel density of pituitary adenomas. Methods: We searched CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases from inception through September 1st, 2013. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. The crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: Fifteen clinical cohort studies were included with a total of 752 pituitary adenoma patients. The meta-analysis results revealed that patients with invasive pituitary adenomas had higher positive expression of PTTG than those of noninvasive patients (OR=6.68, 95% CI=3.72–11.99, p<0.001). We also found a significant difference in the microvessel density between invasive and noninvasive patients (OR=1.81, 95% CI=0.39–3.23, p<0.001). No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis (all p>0.05). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that PTTG expression may be associated with tumor invasiveness and microvessel density of pituitary adenomas. Thus, detection of PTTG expression may be useful for the prediction of malignancy degree in pituitary adenomas.
Unfolded proteins stimulate molecular chaperone Hsc70 ATPase by accelerating ADP/ATP exchange (1992)

The mammalian 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70) is an abundant, cytosolic molecular chaperone whose interactions with protein substrates are regulated by ATP hydrolysis. In vitro, purified Hsc70 was found to have a slow, intrinsic ATPase activity in the absence of protein substrates. The addition of an unfolded protein such as apocytochrome c stimulated ATP hydrolysis 2-3-fold. In contrast, the native holoprotein, cytochrome c, did not stimulate the ATPase rate, in accord with recent observations that 70-kilodalton heat shock proteins interact selectively with unfolded proteins. Stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by apocytochrome c was due to an increase in the Vmax, with no effect on the Km for ATP. Following hydrolysis of [3H]ATP, a relatively stable [3H]ADP.Hsc70 complex was formed. Release of [3H]ADP from Hsc70 was most efficient in the presence of other nucleotides such as ADP or ATP, suggesting that ADP release occurs as an ADP/ATP exchange reaction. The loss of radiolabeled ADP from Hsc70 in the presence of exogenous nucleotides followed first-order kinetics. In the presence of nucleotides, apocytochrome c induced a 2-fold increase in the rate of ADP release from Hsc70. Moreover, rate constants of the nucleotide exchange reaction measured in the absence and presence of apocytochrome c (0.16 and 0.34 min-1, respectively) closely matched the kcat values derived from ATP hydrolysis measurements (0.15 and 0.38 min-1, respectively). The results suggest that ADP release in a rate-limiting step in the Hsc70 ATPase reaction and that unfolded proteins stimulate ATP hydrolysis by accelerating the rate of ADP/ATP exchange.
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints Changes Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity (2009)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulations (TEAS) on body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women with obesity. In this prospective study, 49 postmenopausal women were recruited in Taiwan. Body composition was used as a screening test for obesity (percentage body fat > 30%, waist circumference > 80 cm). The experimental group (n = 24) received TEAS treatment 30 min twice per week for 12 weeks at the Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints. The control group (n = 25) did not receive any intervention. The study of HRV was analyzed by time (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) indices) and frequency domain methods. Power spectral components were obtained at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies. Body composition and HRV values were measured at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. A total of 40 subjects completed this study. Waist circumference and percentage body fat in the experimental group (n = 20) were significantly less than those of the control group (n = 20) at the 8th and 12th weeks (all P < .05). Additionally, at the same time points, percentage lean body mass in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P < .05). SDNN values increased significantly at the 4th and 8th weeks when compared with the control group (all P < .05). At 12 weeks, SDNN value was not significantly different from that of the control group (P = .105). TEAS treatment improves body composition, and has a transient effect on the HRV in postmenopausal women with obesity.
Oxidative stress caused by glycation of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and its effects on intracellular components (1996)

It is now evident that the redox state of the cell is a pivotal determinant of the fate of cells. Extensive production of reactive oxygen species (ROI) causes necrotic cell death. Even transient or localized production of ROI may mediate a signal for apoptotic cell death, whereas small amounts of ROI function as an intracellular messenger of some growth stimulants. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that decreases in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity causes apoptotic cell death in neuronal cells. Our data using mutant Cu,Zn-SOD related to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) suggest that glycation itself and ROI produced from the glycated proteins are involved in many diseases, including diabetic complications. Glycation of important cellular components, including lipid, DNA and proteins, induces dysfunction of these components. Mutant proteins in patients with various hereditary diseases would be destabilized by the glycation reaction, as shown in the case of mutant Cu,Zn-SODs, thereby hyperglycaemic conditions would trigger the onset of some hereditary diseases such as FALS and Alzheimer's disease. Glycation, particularly of antioxidative enzymes, would enhance production of ROI, resulting in oxidative damage to the cells.
Synovial stromal cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients attract monocytes by producing MCP-1 and IL-8 (2001)

Macrophages that accumulate in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients play an important role in the pathogenesis of this inflammatory disease. However, the mechanism by which macrophages are attracted into the inflamed synovium and accumulate there has not been completely delineated. The results of this study show that rheumatoid arthritis synovial stromal cells produce the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and IL-8, and these have the capacity to attract peripheral monocytes. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms by which macrophages accumulate in the inflamed synovium is by responding to the chemokines produced locally.
Effect of Exogenous Surfactant (Calfactant) in Pediatric Acute Lung Injury<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2005)

Calfactant acutely improved oxygenation and significantly decreased mortality in infants, children, and adolescents with ALI although no significant decrease in the course of respiratory failure measured by duration of ventilator therapy, intensive care unit, or hospital stay was observed.
A novel, potent, and selective insulin-like growth factor-I receptor kinase inhibitor blocks insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling in vitro and inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I receptor–dependent tumor growth in vivo (2007)

Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and its ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, are up-regulated in a variety of human cancers. In tumors, such as colorectal, non-small cell lung, ovarian, and pediatric cancers, which may drive their own growth and survival through autocrine IGF-II expression, the role of IGF-IR is especially critical. Here, we present a novel small-molecule IGF-IR kinase inhibitor, cis-3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-ylamine (PQIP), which displayed a cellular IC(50) of 19 nmol/L for inhibition of ligand-dependent autophosphorylation of human IGF-IR with 14-fold cellular selectivity relative to the human insulin receptor. PQIP showed minimal activity against a panel of 32 other protein kinases. It also abolished the ligand-induced activation of downstream phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in both IGF-IR transfectant cells and a GEO human colorectal cancer cell line. Analysis of GEO cells revealed a significant level of both phosphorylated IGF-IR and IGF-II expression. Furthermore, inactivation of IGF-II in conditioned GEO culture medium by a neutralizing antibody diminished IGF-IR activation, indicating the presence of a functional IGF-II/IGF-IR autocrine loop in GEO cells. Once daily oral dosing of PQIP induced robust antitumor efficacy in GEO xenografts. The antitumor efficacy correlated with the degree and duration of inhibition of tumor IGF-IR phosphorylation in vivo by this compound. Moreover, when mice were treated for 3 days with a dose of PQIP that maximally inhibited tumor growth, only minor changes in blood glucose were observed. Thus, PQIP represents a potent and selective IGF-IR kinase inhibitor that is especially efficacious in an IGF-II-driven human tumor model.
New Diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)-Based Conjugated Polymers Prepared upon Palladium Catalyzed Polymerization and Electropolymerization Reactions (2006)

Synthesis and characteristic properties of new conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes containing DPP-units in the main chain are described. The polymers are synthesized upon palladium-catalyzed Suzuki, Stille and Buchwald-Hartwig polycondensation and electropolymerization. Characteristic properties such as molecular weight, structure, optical and electrooptical properties of the polymers are studied using gel permeation chromatography, spectroscopic methods (UV/vis, Fluorescence, NMR spectroscopy), cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical characterization. Using the Suzuki, Stille and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, conjugated polymers are synthesized from dibromo-DPP or the boronic ester of DPP and derivatives of the carbazole (CBZ), triphenylamine (TPA), benzothiadiazole (BTZ), thiophene (TH), bithiophene (BTH), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), pyrene (PYRE) or N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene diamine (PDA). The molecular weights of the resulting polymers are between 4.3 and 16.5 kDa. The polymers are soluble in solvents such as toluene, chloroform or THF forming red to purple solutions with strong photoluminescence. Compared with the DPP monomer, the optical properties of the polymers are bathochromically shifted due to the increase of the conjugated system. Polymers in solution exhibit absorption maxima between 506 and 560 nm, and fluorescence maxima between 585 and 635 nm. The polymer P-DPP-TPA exhibits a photoluminescence quantum yield of 85 %, which is the highest value reported for DPP containing conjugated polymers so far. Polymers of DPP and BTH, PDA and PYRE exhibit reversible electrochromic properties upon electrochemical oxidation and reduction. The abrupt colour changes from purple to dark blue to black-green are observed. Furthermore, a series of electropolymerizable DPP containing monomer have been successfully prepared using Suzuki, Stille or Buchwald-Hartwig coupling. The in-situ formed polymer films are robust and insoluble in common solvents. They exhibit a very good stability during oxidation reduction cycles together with electrochromic properties. The polymer films are useful as active materials in electrochromic devices showing colour changes from blue to transparent, brown-red to olive-green, purple-red to brown-red, and colourless to green. Conjugated polyelectrolytes were synthesized from bis-bromohexyl-DPP or bis-sulfonylbutyl-DPP using Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling. The resulting cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes are readily soluble in water and polar organic solvents such as methanol and DMSO. The polymers are non-luminescent in water, but exhibit photoluminescence quantum yields between 6.2 % and 49 % in DMSO.
Defibrotide in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor significantly enhances the mobilization of primitive and committed peripheral blood progenitor cells in mice. (2002)

Defibrotide is a polydeoxyribonucleotide, which significantly reduces the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. We investigated the activity of Defibrotide alone or in combination with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) in BALB/c mice. A 5-day treatment with Defibrotide alone (1-15 mg/mouse/day) had no effect on WBC counts, frequencies and absolute numbers of total circulating colony-forming cells (CFCs), i.e., granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, erythroid burst-forming units, and multilineage colony-forming units. As compared with mock-injected mice, administration of rhG-CSF alone (5 micro g/mouse/day) for 5 days significantly (P < or = 0.0001) increased WBC counts, CFC frequencies, and CFC absolute numbers by 2-, 13-, and 27-fold, respectively. As compared with control mice, the combined administration of Defibrotide (15 mg/mouse/day) and rhG-CSF significantly (P < or = 0.0001) increased WBC counts, frequencies and absolute numbers of CFCs by 4-, 38-, and 119-fold, respectively. As compared with rhG-CSF alone, administration of Defibrotide plus rhG-CSF resulted in a significant increase (P < or = 0.001) of the frequency of circulating long-term culture-initiating cells. In addition, transplantation of 2 x 10(5) rhG-CSF- or Defibrotide/rhG-CSF-mobilized mononuclear cells rescued 43% and 71% of recipient mice, respectively. Experiments of CFC homing performed in lethally irradiated or nonirradiated recipients showed that marrow homing of transplanted PBPCs was reduced by 3-fold in Defibrotide-treated animals as compared with mock-injected mice (P < or = 0.001), suggesting that the mobilizing effect of Defibrotide might be because of an effect on PBPC trafficking. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Defibrotide synergizes with rhG-CSF and significantly increases the mobilization of a broad spectrum of PBPCs, including primitive and committed progenitor cells. These data might have relevant implications for autologous and allogeneic anticancer therapy in humans.
Automatic variable classification for COBOL programs (1994)

Program understanding is crucial during software maintenance. Variable classification has been found to be useful for program understanding. We present an automatic variable classification technique for COBOL programs and how this has been implemented as component of the Data-centered Program Understanding Tool Environment (DPUTE) (J.K. Joiner et al., 1994). We have experimented on both small and large COBOL programs using our tool to determine if our methods are useful for program understanding and software maintenance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
FastSLAM 2.0: an improved particle filtering algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping that provably converges (2003)

In [15] , Montemerlo et al. proposed an algorithm called FastSLAM as an efficient and robust solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. This paper describes a modified version of FastSLAM that overcomes important deficiencies of the original algorithm. We prove convergence of this new algorithm for linear SLAM problems and provide real-world experimental results that illustrate an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy over the original FastSLAM algorithm.
Curcumin: An Anti-Inflammatory Molecule from a Curry Spice on the Path to Cancer Treatment (2011)

Oxidative damage and inflammation have been pointed out in preclinical studies as the root cause of cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that cancer could be prevented or significantly reduced by treatment with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs, therefore, curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (a curry spice) showing strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might be a potential candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, curcumin, a highly pleiotropic molecule with an excellent safety profile targeting multiple diseases with strong evidence on the molecular level, could not achieve its optimum therapeutic outcome in past clinical trials, largely due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Curcumin can be developed as a therapeutic drug through improvement in formulation properties or delivery systems, enabling its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake. This review mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin and recent developments in dosage form and nanoparticulate delivery systems with the possibilities of therapeutic application of curcumin for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin reduces striatal glutamate in an animal model of Parkinson??s disease (2005)

Using in-vivo microdialysis, we examined the effect of the serotonin 5-HT1A agonist R-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin on striatal extracellular excitatory amino acids in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Extracellular glutamate and aspartate in the dopamine-denervated striatum of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were significantly decreased by acute subcutaneous injection of R-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (0.3 mg/kg). Although not quantified in the present study, a concomitant increase in locomotor activity was anecdotally observed following R-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin. These results suggest that systemic administration of a 5-HT1A agonist can reduce glutamate neurotransmission in the dopamine-denervated striatum. The results are discussed with respect to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene Brushes for Organic Thin Film Transistors (2012)

We synthesized and characterized polystyrene brushes on a silicon wafer using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The thickness of the polymer brush was controlled by adjusting the reaction time. We investigated monomer conversion as well as the molecular weight and density of the polymer brushes. When the monomer conversion reached 100%, the number-average molecular weight and film thickness reached 135,000 and 113 nm, respectively. The estimated densities of the synthesized polystyrene brushes were in the range 0.34-0.54 chains/nm2, high enough to be categorized in the "concentrated brush" regime. The synthesized polymer brush was used as an insulating layer in an organic thin-film transistor. Organic thin-film transistors were fabricated using pentacene as an active p-type organic semiconductor and a polystyrene brush on a SiO2 layer as a gate dielectric. The pentacene based organic thin-film transistor with the polystyrene brush exhibited a field-effect mobility microFET of 0.099 cm2/(V x s).
Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Nano-objects with an Apertureless Probe (2002)

We propose a novel way to trap and manipulate nano-objects above a dielectric substrate using an apertureless near-field probe. A combination of evanescent illumination and light scattering at the probe apex is used to shape the optical field into a localized, three-dimensional optical trap. We use the coupled-dipole method and the Maxwell stress tensor to provide a self-consistent description of the optical force, including retardation and the influence of the substrate. We show that small objects can be selectively captured and manipulated under realistic conditions.
Charge variants in IgG1 (2010)

Antibody charge variants have gained considerable attention in the biotechnology industry due to their potential influence on stability and biological activity. Subtle differences in the relative proportions of charge variants are often observed during routine biomanufacture or process changes and pose a challenge to demonstrating product comparability. To gain further insights into the impact on biological activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge heterogeneity, we isolated the major charge forms of a recombinant humanized IgG1 and compared their in vitro properties and in vivo PK. The mAb starting material had a pI range of 8.7-9.1 and was composed of about 20% acidic variants, 12% basic variants, and 68% main peak. Cation exchange displacement chromatography was used to isolate the acidic, basic, and main peak fractions for animal studies. Detailed analyses were performed on the isolated fractions to identify specific chemical modification contributing to the charge differences, and were also characterized for purity and in vitro potency prior to being administered either subcutaneously (SC) or intravenously (IV) in rats. All isolated materials had similar potency and rat FcRn binding relative to the starting material. Following IV or SC administration (10 mg/kg) in rats, no difference in serum PK was observed, indicating that physiochemical modifications and pI differences among charge variants were not sufficient to result in PK changes. Thus, these results provided meaningful information for the comparative evaluation of charge-related heterogeneity of mAbs, and suggested that charge variants of IgGs do not affect the in vitro potency, FcRn binding affinity, or the PK properties in rats.