gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, Characterization, andin vitroDifferentiation of Cytotrophoblasts from Human Term Placentae* (1986)

Highly purified functional cytotrophoblasts have been prepared from human term placentae by adding a Percoll gradient centrifugation step to a standard trypsin-DNase dispersion method. The isolated mononuclear trophoblasts averaged 10 microns in diameter, with occasional cells measuring up to 20-30 microns. Viability was greater than 90%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cells had fine structural features typical of trophoblasts. In contrast to syncytial trophoblasts of intact term placentae, these cells did not stain for hCG, human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein or low mol wt cytokeratins by immunoperoxidase methods. Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or macrophages did not contaminate the purified cytotrophoblasts, as evidenced by the lack of immunoperoxidase staining with antibodies against vimentin or alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. The cells produced progesterone (1 ng/10(6) cells . 4 h), and progesterone synthesis was stimulated up to 8-fold in the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol (20 micrograms/ml). They also produced estrogens (1360 pg/10(6) cells . 4 h) when supplied with androstenedione (1 ng/ml) as a precursor. When placed in culture, the cytotrophoblasts consistently formed aggregates, which subsequently transformed into syncytia within 24-48 h after plating. Time lapse cinematography revealed that this process occurred by cell fusion. The presumptive syncytial groups were proven to be true syncytia by microinjection of fluorescently labeled alpha-actinin, which diffused completely throughout the syncytial cytoplasm within 30 min. Immunoperoxidase staining of cultured trophoblasts between 3.5 and 72 h after plating revealed a progressive increase in cytoplasmic pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, hCG, and human placental lactogen concomitant with increasing numbers of aggregates and syncytia. At all time points examined, occasional single cells positive for these markers were identified. RIA of the spent culture media for hCG revealed a significant increase in secreted hCG, paralleling the increase in hCG-positive cells and syncytia identified by immunoperoxidase methods. We conclude that human cytotrophoblasts differentiate in culture and fuse to form functional syncytiotrophoblasts.
Phase I Study of Oral Azacitidine in Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2011)

Oral azacitidine was bioavailable and demonstrated biologic and clinical activity in patients with MDSs and CMML.
Dnmt2 is not required for de novo and maintenance methylation of viral DNA in embryonic stem cells (1998)

We have shown previously that de novo methylation activities persist in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells homozygous for a null mutation of Dnmt1 that encodes the major DNA cytosine methyltransferase. In this study, we have cloned a putative mammalian DNA methyltransferase gene, termed Dnmt2 , that is homologous to pmt1 of fission yeast. Different from pmt1 in which the catalytic Pro-Pro-Cys (PPC) motif is 'mutated' to Pro-Ser-Cys, Dnmt2 contains all the conserved methyltransferase motifs, thus likely encoding a functional cytosine methyltransferase. However, baculovirus-expressed Dnmt2 protein failed to methylate DNA in vitro . To investigate whether Dnmt2 functions as a DNA methyltransferase in vivo , we inactivated the Dnmt2 gene by targeted deletion of the putative catalytic PPC motif in ES cells. We showed that endogenous virus was fully methylated in Dnmt2 -deficient mutant ES cells. Furthermore, newly integrated retrovirus DNA was methylated de novo in infected mutant ES cells as efficiently as in wild-type cells. These results indicate that Dnmt2 is not essential for global de novo or maintenance methylation of DNA in ES cells.
Photosensitive Glass (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitive GlassS. D. StookeyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 4, 856–861Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50472a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50472a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Repeat-cycle study of high-dose intravenous 4162W94 anti-CD4 humanized monoclonal antibody in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized placebo-controlled trial (2002)

4162W94 demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in this study. However, because of unacceptable CD4 lymphopenia and rash, the original hypothesis that prolonged CD4 blockade would give lasting clinical benefit was not tested.
Atom Ejection in Low Energy Sputtering of Single Crystals of bcc Metals (1963)

The spatial distribution of atoms ejected from low index planes of the bcc metals V, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W have been studied in detail for bombardment by Hg+-, Xe+-, Ar+-, and Ne+-ions of energies up to 800 eV. The principal atom ejection directions are the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉, which are the directions of focuson propagation in bcc crystals. Other atom ejection directions were observed in which momentum focusing is not possible. These are interpreted to be the result of 〈111〉 focusons (directed outwardly with sufficient energy) intercepting surface atoms which are not in normal atom sites. For bombardment of (100) surfaces the center spot ([100] ejection) appears above a certain minimum energy which increases in the order Ne, Ar, Xe, Hg. This is true for widely different masses of the target atoms, and seems to be related to the spatial distribution of momenta in the crystal. For heavier bombarding ions the momenta tend to be directed more in the forward direction and the center spot becomes less pronounced than for lighter bombarding ions.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dimeric RGD Peptide−Paclitaxel Conjugate as a Model for Integrin-Targeted Drug Delivery (2005)

Targeting drugs to receptors involved in tumor angiogenesis is a novel and promising approach to improve cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of paclitaxel (PTX) conjugated with a bicyclic peptide E[c(RGDyK)](2) (RGD) in a metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435). The cyclic RGD peptide selectively binds to alpha(v) integrin receptors that are highly expressed in metastatic cancer cells. PTX, an antimicrotubule agent, is a potent antitumor agent commonly used in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer. The in vitro results showed that RGD peptide inhibited cell cycle proliferation by arresting cells in G(0)/G(1)-phase. The PTX-RGD conjugate inhibited cell proliferation with activity comparable to that observed for paclitaxel, both of which were mediated by an arrest of G(2)/M-phase of the cell cycle followed by apoptosis. Although the PTX-RGD conjugate showed slightly decreased integrin binding affinity than the unconjugated peptide, it indicated integrin specific accumulation in vivo. (125)I-Labeled PTX-RGD showed highest tumor uptake at 2 h postinjection (2.72 +/-0.16%ID/g) and best tumor/background contrast after 4 h postinjection. Our results demonstrate the potential of tumor-targeted delivery of paclitaxel based on the specific recognition of cell adhesion molecule alpha(v)beta(3) integrin to reduce toxicity and enhance selective killing of cancer cells.
Coating of a textured solid (2011)

We discuss how a solid textured with well-defined micropillars entrains a film when extracted out of a bath of wetting liquid. At low withdrawal velocity V , it is shown experimentally that the film exactly fills the gap between the pillars; its thickness h d is independent of V and corresponds to the pillar height h p . At larger velocity, h d slowly increases with V and tends towards the Landau–Levich–Derjaguin (LLD) thickness h LLD observed on a flat solid. We model the entrainment by adapting the LLD theory to a double layer consisting of liquid trapped inside the texture and covered by a free film. This model allows us to understand quantitatively our different observations and to predict the transition between h p and h LLD .
Normal, benign, preneoplastic, and malignant prostate cells have distinct protein expression profiles resolved by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. (2002)

We have shown that the protein profiles from prostate cells with different disease states have discriminating differences. These differentially regulated proteins are potential markers for early detection and/or risk factors for development of prostate cancer. Studies are under way to identify these protein/peptides, with the goal of developing a diagnostic test for the early detection of prostate cancer.
Towards Sketch-Based Motion Queries in Sports Videos (2013)

The advent of pen-based user interfaces has facilitated several natural ways for human-computer interaction. One example is sketch-based retrieval, i.e., the search for (multimedia) objects on the basis of sketches as query input. So far, work has focused mainly on sketch-based image retrieval. However, more and more application domains also benefit from sketches as query input for searching in video collections. Enabling spatial search in videos, in the form of sketch-based motion queries, is increasingly demanded by coaches and analysts in team sports as a novel and innovative tool for game analysis. Even though game analysis is already a major activity in this domain, it is still mostly based on manual selection of video sequences. In this paper, we present Sport Sense, a first approach to enabling intuitive and efficient video retrieval using sketch-based motion queries. This is accomplished by using videos of games in team sports, together with an overlay of meta data that incorporates spatio-temporal information about various events. Sport Sense exploits spatio-temporal databases to store, index, and retrieve the tracked information at interactive response times. Moreover, it provides first intuitive user input interfaces for sketches representing motion paths. A particular challenge is to convert the users' sketches into spatial queries and to execute these queries in a flexible way that allows for some controlled deviation between the sketched path and the actual movement of the players and/or the ball. The evaluation results of Sport Sense show that this approach to sketch-based retrieval in sports videos is both very effective and efficient.
Optical misalignment sensing and image reconstruction using phase diversity (1988)

A segmented-aperture telescope such as the Multiple-Mirror Telescope will suffer from phase errors unless the segments are aligned to within a small fraction of a wavelength. Such a coherent alignment of the segments is difficult to achieve in real time. An alternative is to record the images degraded by phase errors and to restore them after detection by using phase-retrieval techniques. In this paper we describe the use of Gonsalves’s phase-diversity method (which was previously used to combat atmospheric turbulence) to correct imagery blurred by a misaligned segmented-aperture telescope. Two images are recorded simultaneously: the usual degraded image in the focal plane and a second degraded image in an out-of-focus plane. An iterative gradient-search algorithm finds the phase error of the telescope that is consistent with both degraded images. We refer to this technique as the method of multiple-plane measurements with iterative reconstruction. The final image is obtained by a Wiener–Helstrom filtering of the degraded image using the retrieved phase errors. The results of reconstruction experiments performed with simulated data including the effects of noise are shown for the case of random piston phase errors on each of six segments.
Cardioprotection mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate and ganglioside GM-1 in wild-type and PKCε knockout mouse hearts (2002)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) protects neonatal rat cardiac myocytes from hypoxic damage through unknown signaling pathways. We tested the hypothesis that S1P-induced cardioprotection requires activation by the epsilon-isoform of protein kinase C (PKC epsilon) by subjecting hearts isolated from PKC epsilon knockout mice and wild-type mice to 20 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Pretreatment with a 2-min infusion of 10 nM S1P improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) in both wild-type and PKC epsilon knockout hearts and reduced the rise in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and creatine kinase (CK) release. Pretreatment for 2 min with 10 nM of the ganglioside GM-1 also improved recovery of LVDP and suppressed CK release in wild-type hearts but not in PKC epsilon knockout hearts. Importantly, GM-1 but not S1P, increased the proportion of PKC epsilon localized to particulate fractions. Our results suggest that GM-1, which enhances endogenous S1P production, reduces cardiac injury through PKC epsilon-dependent intracellular pathways. In contrast, extracellular S1P induces equivalent cardioprotection through PKC epsilon-independent signaling pathways.
Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury (1985)

The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.
Sleep and gastric function in irritable bowel syndrome: derailing the brain-gut axis (1997)

Results confirmed the enhancement of REM sleep in patients with IBS and suggested an intrinsic alteration in autonomic and CNS functioning in patients with IBS.
Opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and endocrine stress responses in cynomolgus monkeys: a preliminary study. (1993)

Twenty-five female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed to psychological stress (threat of capture) after blockade of endogenous opioids with naloxone and after saline control injections. Heart rates were monitored continuously and blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma levels of cortisol and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. Results indicate that the stress manipulation resulted in increased heart rates as well as plasma cortisol levels in monkeys pretreated with saline. Blockade of opioid receptors with naloxone potentiated the stress-induced rise in plasma cortisol and stimulated release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. The drug effect on heart rate reactivity was significantly correlated with the drug effects on both cortisol and beta-endorphin. When saline-treated monkeys were divided into high and low heart rate reactivity groups, the effects of naloxone on heart rate, cortisol, and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity responsiveness were significantly greater in low heart rate reactors. These data suggest that monkeys with low heart rate responses to stress have an effective opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and pituitary-adrenocortical reactivity. Monkeys showing excessive heart rate reactivity during psychological stress have a less active opioidergic inhibitory mechanism. The potential pathophysiological consequences of impaired opioidergic inhibition are discussed in light of the relationship between exaggerated stress reactivity and atherosclerotic lesion formation.
Functional Genomic and Metabolic Studies of the Adaptations of a Prominent Adult Human Gut Symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to the Suckling Period (2006)

The adult human gut microbiota is dominated by two divisions of Bacteria, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Assembly of this community begins at birth through processes that remain largely undefined. In this report, we examine the adaptations of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent member of the adult distal intestinal microbiota, during the suckling and weaning periods. Germ-free NMRI mice were colonized at birth from their gnotobiotic mothers, who harbored this anaerobic Gram-negative saccharolytic bacterium. B. thetaiotaomicron was then harvested from the ceca of these hosts during the suckling period (postnatal day 17) and after weaning (postnatal day 30). Whole genome transcriptional profiles were obtained at these two time points using custom B. thetaiotaomicron GeneChips. Transcriptome-based in silico reconstructions of bacterial metabolism and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and biochemical assays of carbohydrate utilization in vivo indicated that in the suckling gut B. thetaiotaomicron prefers host-derived polysaccharides, as well as mono- and oligosaccharides present in mother's milk. After weaning, B. thetaiotaomicron expands its metabolism to exploit abundant, plant-derived dietary polysaccharides. The bacterium's responses to postnatal alterations in its nutrient landscape involve expression of gene clusters encoding environmental sensors, outer membrane proteins involved in binding and import of glycans, and glycoside hydrolases. These expression changes are interpreted in light of a phylogenetic analysis that revealed unique expansions of related polysaccharide utilization loci in three human alimentary tract-associated Bacteroidetes, expansions that likely reflect the evolutionary adaptations of these species to different nutrient niches.
Global methylation profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines reveals epigenetic contributions to autism spectrum disorders and a novel autism candidate gene, RORA , whose protein product is reduced in autistic brain (2010)

Autism is currently considered a multigene disorder with epigenetic influences. To investigate the contribution of DNA methylation to autism spectrum disorders, we have recently completed large-scale methylation profiling by CpG island microarray analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from monozygotic twins discordant for diagnosis of autism and their nonautistic siblings. Methylation profiling revealed many candidate genes differentially methylated between discordant MZ twins as well as between both twins and nonautistic siblings. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially methylated genes demonstrated enrichment for high-level functions including gene transcription, nervous system development, cell death/survival, and other biological processes implicated in autism. The methylation status of 2 of these candidate genes, BCL-2 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA), was further confirmed by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue arrays containing slices of the cerebellum and frontal cortex of autistic and age- and sex-matched control subjects revealed decreased expression of RORA and BCL-2 proteins in the autistic brain. Our data thus confirm the role of epigenetic regulation of gene expression via differential DNA methylation in idiopathic autism, and furthermore link molecular changes in a peripheral cell model with brain pathobiology in autism.
Modulation of LDL receptor mRNA stability by phorbol esters in human liver cell culture models (1997)

In the human hepatocarcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA levels were rapidly and transiently induced after treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), increasing by approximately 50-fold and 8-fold, respectively, within 4 h before returning to near basal levels by 24 h. The difference in magnitude of mRNA accumulation between these cell lines is at least partly due to a rapid 2- to 2.5-fold stabilization of LDLR mRNA in HepG2 cells after PMA treatment. Stabilization of LDLR mRNA in response to PMA was also observed in HH01 cells, a human hepatocyte coculture system derived from normal human liver. In both HepG2 and HH01 cells, PMA treatment induced a rapid morphological change with characteristics of cytoskeletal reorganization. The changes in morphology and stabilization of LDLR mRNA by PMA were coincident in the cell lines tested and were independent of de novo gene expression. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that LDLR polysomes may be associated with the cytoskeleton in HepG2 cells. Disruption of the action cytoskeleton but not microtubules abrogated stabilization of LDLR mRNA by PMA. These data suggest that components of the actin cytoskeleton are involved in the regulated decay of LDLR mRNA in some human liver cell culture systems.
Arterial–Venous Specification During Development (2009)

The major arteries and veins of the vertebrate circulatory system are formed early in embryonic development, before the onset of circulation, following de novo aggregation of "angioblast" progenitors in a process called vasculogenesis. Initial embryonic determination of artery or vein identity is regulated by variety of genetic factors that work in concert to specify endothelial cell fate, giving rise to 2 distinct components of the circulatory loop possessing unique structural characteristics. Work in multiple in vivo animal model systems has led to a detailed examination of the interacting partners that determine arterial and venous specification. We discuss the hierarchical arrangement of many signaling molecules, including Hedgehog (Hh), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, and chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) that promote or inhibit divergent pathways of endothelial cell fate. Elucidation of the functional role of these genetic determinants of blood vessel specification together with the epigenetic factors involved in subsequent modification of arterial-venous identity will allow for potential new therapeutic targets for vascular disorders.