gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro investigation of shear bond strength of a phosphate based dentinal bonding agent (1989)

The objective with this study was to investigate how the shear bond strength of a phosphate based dentinal bonding agent is influenced by storage in saline at 37 degrees C up to 6 months. The effect of dentin bonding agent on the leachability of calcium from dentin was also determined. The results showed that the shear bond strength decreased after saline storage. After half a year, the strength was ca. 60% of the initial dry strength. The bonding agent also accelerated the leaching of calcium from the dentin discs, a finding which was explained as being a result of acidic reactions occurring at the dentin-bonding agent interface. In addition to the increased calcium leachability, the dentin bonding agent peeled off with time from the dentin discs. SEM investigation of the dentin surfaces after either shear strength determination or the film had peeled off due to water storage showed that a residual film was left on the dentin. This film, based on morphologic appearance, is most likely composed of the bonding agent but may also contain residuals of the smear layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Stille Reaction (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metabolism of the Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Leaves of Ajuga reptans L. (Cold Acclimation, Translocation, and Sink to Source Transition: Discovery of Chain Elongation Enzyme) (1994)

Ajuga reptans is a frost-hardy, perennial labiate that is known for its high content of raffinose family oligosaccharide(s) (RFO). Seasonal variations in soluble nonstructural carbohydrate levels in above-ground parts of Ajuga showed that the RFO were by far the most predominant components throughout the whole year. RFO were lowest in summer (75 mg/g fresh weight) and highest in fall/winter (200 mg/g fresh weight), whereas sucrose and starch were only minor components. Cold treatment (14 d at 10/3[deg]C, day/night) of plants that were precultivated under warm conditions (25[deg]C) lowered the temperature optimum of net photosynthesis from 16[deg] to 8[deg]C, decreased the maximum rate, and increased the total nonstructural carbohydrate content of leaves by a factor of about 10, mainly because of an increase of RFO. The degree of polymerization of the RFO increased sequentially up to at least 15. A novel, galactinol-independent galactosyltransferase enzyme was found, forming from two molecules of RFO, the next higher and lower degree of polymerization of RFO. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 4.5 to 5.0 and may be responsible for RFO chain elongation. RFO were the main carbohydrates translocated in the phloem, with stachyose being by far the most dominant form. Studies of carbon balance during leaf development revealed a transition point between import and export at approximately 25% maximal leaf area. RFO synthesis could be detected even before the commencement of export, suggesting the existence of a nonphloem-linked RFO pool even in very young leaves. Taken together, it seems that Ajuga leaves contain two pools of RFO metabolism, a pronounced long-term storage pool in the mesophyll, possibly also involved in frost resistance, and a transport pool in the phloem.
Stimulation of activin A expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells by thrombin and angiotensin II correlates with neointimal formation in vivo. (1997)

Vasoactive GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor agonists (e.g., angiotensin II [AII] and alpha-thrombin) stimulate the production of mitogenic factors from vascular smooth muscle cells. In experiments to identify mitogens secreted from AII- or alpha-thrombin-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells, neutralizing antibodies directed against several growth factors (e.g., PDGF and basic fibroblast growth factor [basic FGF]) failed to inhibit the mitogenic activity of conditioned media samples derived from the cells. In this report, we found that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies directed against purified human placental basic FGF reduced the mitogenic activity of AII-stimulated RASM cell-conditioned media and in immunoblot experiments identified a 26-kD protein (14 kD under reducing conditions) that was distinct from basic FGF. After purification from RASM cell-conditioned medium, amino acid sequence analysis identified the protein as activin A, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Increased activin A expression was observed after treatment of the RASM cells with AII, alpha-thrombin, and the protein kinase C agonist PMA. In contrast, PDGF-BB or serum caused only a minor induction of this protein. Although activin A alone only weakly stimulated RASM cell DNA synthesis, it demonstrated a potent comitogenic effect in combination with either EGF or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in the RASM cells, increasing DNA synthesis by up to fourfold. Furthermore, in a rat carotid injury model, activin A mRNA was upregulated within 6 h after injury followed by increases in immunoreactive protein detected in the expanding neointima 7 and 14 d later. Taken together, these results indicate that activin A is a vascular smooth muscle cell-derived factor induced by vasoactive agonists that may, either alone or in combination with other vascular derived growth factors, have a role in neointimal formation after arterial injury.
Unraveling the Source of Nitric Oxide Emission During Nitrification (2007)

Nitric oxide production was measured during nitrification in a laboratory-scale bioreactor, operated at conditions relevant to municipal nitrifying wastewater treatment plants. This study aims to determine which type of microorganism and which metabolic pathway is responsible for nitric oxide emission during nitrification. Simulation studies were used to identify which pathway is the main source of nitric oxide emission, based on the following three hypothetical pathways for nitric oxide emission: (a) nitrification, (b) denitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with ammonium as electron donor, and (c) heterotrophic denitrification. The results of the study suggest that, in a nitrifying reactor treating wastewater containing solely ammonium and nutrients, denitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is the main nitric-oxide-producing pathway. During the experiments, 0.025% of the treated ammonium is emitted as nitric oxide, independent of the aeration rate imposed. Nitrite presence and oxygen limitation were found to increase the nitric oxide emission.
NF??B: A Pivotal Transcription Factor in Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone (2003)

Prostate cancers frequently metastasize to bone and this accounts for substantial morbidity. We investigated the potential role of the transcription factor NFkappaB as a central regulator of prostate cancer metastasis using the prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, PC-3, in a series of in vitro studies. Wild type PC-3 cells (PC-3.WT) have high basal levels of NFkappaB signaling, otherwise absent in PC-3 cells stably expressing a mutant form of the inhibitory kappa B (IkappaB) protein alpha (PC-3.mIkappaB). Although PC-3.WT cells in co-culture with rat bone marrow cells enhance bone resorption, no increase was observed in co-cultures with PC-3.mIkappaB cells. Similarly, although PC-3.WT cells were invasive in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane extravasation model, PC-3.mIkappaB cells lose this capacity to invade. NFkappaB reciprocally regulated genes involved in cellular invasion, with upregulation of MMP-9 and downregulation of its inhibitor, TIMP-1 in PC-3.WT cells, whereas MMP-9 was downregulated and TIMP-1 was upregulated in PC-3.mIkappaB cells. Finally, high basal gene and protein expression of the osteoclast-activating cytokine IL-6, observed in PC-3.WT cells, was absent in PC-3.mIkappaB cells. These in vitro experiments suggest NFkappaB as an important target to prevent prostate cancer bone metastasis and provide a rationale for further study of this transcription factor in metastatic disease.
G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptors: Sustained Signaling via Intracellular Megaplexes and Pathway‐Specific Drugs (2016)

Together forever? Functional selection was applied to finally achieve separation of the analgesic properties of opiods from serious side effects such as potentially lethal respiratory depression. A Gi-biased μ-opioid-receptor agonist (PZM21) was identified that stabilizes previously unexplored receptor conformations. This compound relieves pain in mice without causing hypoventilation or addiction.
NeuN/Rbfox3 Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Isoforms Differentially Regulate Alternative Splicing and Nonsense-Mediated Decay of Rbfox2 (2011)

Anti-NeuN (Neuronal Nuclei) is a monoclonal antibody used extensively to specifically detect post-mitotic neurons. Anti-NeuN reactivity is predominantly nuclear; by western it detects multiple bands ranging in molecular weight from 45 kDa to >75 kDa. Expression screening putatively identified R3hdm2 as NeuN; however immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry of the two major NeuN species at 45-50 kDa identified both as the RNA binding protein Rbfox3 (a member of the Fox family of alternative splicing factors), confirming and extending the identification of the 45 kDa band as Rbfox3 by Kim et al. Mapping of the anti-NeuN reactive epitopes in both R3hdm2 and Rbfox3 reveals a common proline- and glutamine-rich domain that lies at the N-terminus of the Rbfox3 protein. Our data suggests that alternative splicing of the Rbfox3 pre-mRNA itself leads to the production of four protein isoforms that migrate in the 45-50 kDa range, and that one of these splicing choices regulates Rbfox3/NeuN sub-cellular steady-state distribution, through the addition or removal of a short C-terminal extension containing the second half of a bipartite hydrophobic proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal. Rbfox3 regulates alternative splicing of the Rbfox2 pre-mRNA, producing a message encoding a dominant negative form of the Rbfox2 protein. We show here that nuclear Rbfox3 isoforms can also enhance the inclusion of cryptic exons in the Rbfox2 mRNA, resulting in nonsense-mediated decay of the message, thereby contributing to the negative regulation of Rbfox2 by Rbfox3 through a novel mechanism.
Mild and Homogeneous Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CC, CO, and CN Bonds (2012)

A cationic cobalt(II)–alkyl complex is an effective precatalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, and imines under mild conditions (1–4 atm H2; see scheme). The catalyst shows a high functional-group tolerance across a broad range of substrates. Experiments suggest that the active catalytic species is a cobalt(II)–hydride complex.
Genome sequence of an industrial microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis : Deducing the ability of producing secondary metabolites (2001)

Streptomyces avermitilis is a soil bacterium that carries out not only a complex morphological differentiation but also the production of secondary metabolites, one of which, avermectin, is commercially important in human and veterinary medicine. The major interest in this genus Streptomyces is the diversity of its production of secondary metabolites as an industrial microorganism. A major factor in its prominence as a producer of the variety of secondary metabolites is its possession of several metabolic pathways for biosynthesis. Here we report sequence analysis of S. avermitilis, covering 99% of its genome. At least 8.7 million base pairs exist in the linear chromosome; this is the largest bacterial genome sequence, and it provides insights into the intrinsic diversity of the production of the secondary metabolites of Streptomyces. Twenty-five kinds of secondary metabolite gene clusters were found in the genome of S. avermitilis. Four of them are concerned with the biosyntheses of melanin pigments, in which two clusters encode tyrosinase and its cofactor, another two encode an ochronotic pigment derived from homogentiginic acid, and another polyketide-derived melanin. The gene clusters for carotenoid and siderophore biosyntheses are composed of seven and five genes, respectively. There are eight kinds of gene clusters for type-I polyketide compound biosyntheses, and two clusters are involved in the biosyntheses of type-II polyketide-derived compounds. Furthermore, a polyketide synthase that resembles phloroglucinol synthase was detected. Eight clusters are involved in the biosyntheses of peptide compounds that are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. These secondary metabolite clusters are widely located in the genome but half of them are near both ends of the genome. The total length of these clusters occupies about 6.4% of the genome.
Representation of functional information in the SWISS-PROT Data Bank (1999)

Functional information in SWISS-PROT results, primarily, from assessment of articles reporting characterization. Predicted information is labeled with flags describing the evidence level (e.g. potential, probable, by similarity).
Multifunctional Magnetic–Optical Nanoparticle Probes for Simultaneous Detection, Separation, and Thermal Ablation of Multiple Pathogens (2009)

Multifunctional nanoparticles possessing magnetization and near-infrared (NIR) absorption have warranted interest due to their significant applications in magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, bioseparation, target delivery, and NIR photothermal ablation. Herein, the site-selective assembly of magnetic nanoparticles onto the ends or ends and sides of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios (ARs) to create multifunctional nanorods decorated with varying numbers of magnetic particles is described for the first time. The resulting hybrid nanoparticles are designated as Fe(3)O(4)-Au(rod)-Fe(3)O(4) nanodumbbells and Fe(3)O(4)-Au(rod) necklacelike constructs with tunable optical and magnetic properties, respectively. These hybrid nanomaterials can be used for multiplex detection and separation because of their tunable magnetic and plasmonic functionality. More specifically, Fe(3)O(4)-Au(rod) necklacelike probes of different ARs are utilized for simultaneous optical detection based on their plasmon properties, magnetic separation, and photokilling of multiple pathogens from a single sample at one time. The combined functionalities of the synthesized probes will open up many exciting opportunities in dual imaging for targeted delivery and photothermal therapy.
Pattern of Marine Mass Extinction Near the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China (2000)

The Meishan section across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China is the most thoroughly investigated in the world. A statistical analysis of the occurrences of 162 genera and 333 species confirms a sudden extinction event at 251.4 million years ago, coincident with a dramatic depletion of delta13C(carbonate) and an increase in microspherules.
Ultraviolet B and H2O2 Are Potent Inducers of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Cultured Keratinocytes (1996)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is strongly expressed by epidermal keratinocytes during wound healing, in psoriasis, and in bullous diseases such as erythema multiforme and bullous pemphigoid. All of these disorders are characterized by increased microvascular permeability and angiogenesis. Since the development of erythema as a result of hyperpermeable blood vessels is also a common feature after excess sun exposure, we speculated about an up-regulation of VEGF expression by ultraviolet (UV) light. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effect of UVB irradiation on VEGF expression in cultured keratinocytes. Thereby we found a large increase in VEGF mRNA and protein levels upon irradiation of quiescent keratinocytes with sublethal and physiologically relevant doses of UVB. Although H2O2 was also a potent inducer of VEGF expression, the effect of UVB irradiation is unlikely to be mediated by reactive oxygen species as determined by the use of antioxidants. Further experiments revealed that the UVB-induced overexpression of VEGF is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and might occur via release of soluble mediators, which subsequently turn on VEGF expression. In summary, our results suggest a novel role of VEGF in the induction of erythema after excess sun exposure.
[Low extracellular pH increases the persistent sodium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes]. (2007)

Whole-cell and cell-attached patch-clamp techniques were used to record the changes of persistent sodium current (I(Na.P)) in ventricular myocytes of guinea pig to investigate the effect of low extracellular pH on I(Na.P) and its mechanism. The results showed that low extracellular pH (7.0, 6.8 and 6.5) obviously increased the amplitude of whole-cell I(Na.P) in a [H(+)] concentration-dependent manner. Under the condition of extracellular pH 6.5, I(Na.P) was markedly augmented from control (pH 7.4) value of (0.347+/-0.067) pA/pF to (0.817+/- 0.137) pA/pF (P<0.01, n=6), whereas the reducing agent dithiothreitiol (DTT, 1 mmol/L) reversed the increased IN(Na.P) from (0.817+/-0.137) pA/pF to (0.233+/-0.078) pA/pF (P<0.01 vs pH 6.5, n=6). Decreasing extracellular pH to 6.5 also increased the persistent sodium channel activity in cell-attached patches. The mean open probability and mean open time were increased from control value of 0.021+/-0.007 and (0.899+/-0.074) ms to 0.205+/-0.023 and (1.593+/-0.158) ms, respectively (both P<0.01, n=6), and such enhancement was reversed by application of 1 mmol/L DTT [to 0.019+/-0.005 and (0.868+/-0.190) ms, both P<0.01 vs pH 6.5, n=6]. Furthermore, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BIM, 5 micromol/L) reduced the enhanced mean open probability and mean open time at pH 6.5 from 0.214+/-0.024 and (1.634+/-0.137) ms to 0.025+/-0.006 and (0.914+/-0.070) ms, respectively (both P<0.01 vs pH 6.5, n=6). The results demonstrate that low extracellular pH markedly increases I(Na.P) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, in which activation of PKC may be involved.
Highly efficient complexation of a .pi.-acceptor by a molecular tweezer containing two .pi.-donors: the role of preorganization (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly efficient complexation of a .pi.-acceptor by a molecular tweezer containing two .pi.-donors: the role of preorganizationSteven C. Zimmerman, Milan Mrksich, and Monica BalogaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 22, 8528–8530Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00204a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views734Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Water-Assisted Highly Efficient Synthesis of Impurity-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

We demonstrate the efficient chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by water. Water-stimulated enhanced catalytic activity results in massive growth of superdense and vertically aligned nanotube forests with heights up to 2.5 millimeters that can be easily separated from the catalysts, providing nanotube material with carbon purity above 99.98%. Moreover, patterned, highly organized intrinsic nanotube structures were successfully fabricated. The water-assisted synthesis method addresses many critical problems that currently plague carbon nanotube synthesis.
α-Helical Polypeptide Films Grown From Sulfide or Thiol Linkers on Gold Surfaces (2002)

We prepared two new linkers, S-functionalized adamantane derivatives 2 and 3, which bind as monolayers on polycrystalline gold. From these surface anchors, both L- and D-isomers of alanine can be grown as thin films of α-helical polypeptides directed from the gold surface by using the appropriate N-carboxyalanine anhydride. FT-IR Studies show that these layers are roughly 1000-Å thick and that, under the same growth conditions, the L-polypeptide layers grow at a rate ca. 30% greater than that of the non-natural D-amino acid. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that, upon equilibration, all three S-atoms of the sulfide moieties of 2 are bound to the gold surface, and that, on average, three of the four thiols of 3 are chemoadsorbed. The essential role of H2O on the surface of these films as a necessary component in these gas-phase polymerization reactions is demonstrated.
New pathway for retinol metabolism in liver microsomes. (1985)

Rat liver microsomes were discovered to actively oxidize retinol to polar metabolites, including 4-hydroxyretinol, in a system requiring oxygen and NADPH. Involvement of cytochrome P-450 was indicated by CO and SKF-525A inhibition and reconstitution of this system with purified forms of cytochrome P-450 (b and f). Addition of excess unlabeled retinoic acid did not decrease the specific activity of the products formed from labeled retinol, suggesting that retinoic acid is not involved as an intermediate step. Microsomal inducers (such as phenobarbital) strikingly enhanced the activity of the system, resulting in 5-10-fold increased rates of retinol degradation. Furthermore, microsomal substrates (such as benzphetamine) inhibited microsomal retinol metabolism. This new pathway of retinol metabolism in liver microsomes may explain, at least in part, vitamin A-drug interactions, including drug-induced hepatic depletion of vitamin A.
Efficient simulation of critical synchronous dataflow graphs (2007)

System-level modeling, simulation, and synthesis using electronic design automation (EDA) tools are key steps in the design process for communication and signal processing systems, and the synchronous dataflow (SDF) model of computation is widely used in EDA tools for these purposes. Behavioral representations of modern wireless communication systems typically result in critical SDF graphs : These consist of hundreds of components (or more) and involve complex intercomponent connections with highly multirate relationships (i.e., with large variations in average rates of data transfer or component execution across different subsystems). Simulating such systems using conventional SDF scheduling techniques generally leads to unacceptable simulation time and memory requirements on modern workstations and high-end PCs. In this article, we present a novel simulation-oriented scheduler (SOS) that strategically integrates several techniques for graph decomposition and SDF scheduling to provide effective, joint minimization of time and memory requirements for simulating critical SDF graphs. We have implemented SOS in the advanced design system (ADS) from Agilent Technologies. Our results from this implementation demonstrate large improvements in simulating real-world, large-scale, and highly multirate wireless communication systems (e.g., 3GPP, Bluetooth, 802.16e, CDMA 2000, XM radio, EDGE, and Digital TV).