gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
V(D)J recombination in ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom's syndrome, and a DNA ligase I-associated immunodeficiency disorder. (1993)

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Bloom's syndrome (BS) patients are characterized by sensitivity to radiation, increased lymphoid malignancy, and frequent translocations to the antigen receptor loci. Because of these features, there has been a persistent question as to whether the V(D)J recombinase might be abnormal in cells from these patients. Such abnormalities might be due to inappropriate to inaccurate expression of components of the V(D)J recombinase or due to mutation in a component shared between V(D)J recombination and other cellular processes, such as DNA repair. Bloom's syndrome is associated with a ligation deficiency, and this activity may contribute in the end resolution steps of both site-specific and general DNA-processing reactions. In the current study, we have activated V(D)J recombination in normal, AT, and BS fibroblasts and in fibroblasts from a patient with mutations that largely abolish DNA ligase I activity. We find that the signal and coding joint formation of the V(D)J recombination reaction are entirely normal in AT, BS, and DNA ligase I mutant cells. In addition to ruling out abnormalities of the V(D)J recombinase in AT, BS, and DNA ligase I mutant cells, these studies suggest that DNA ligase I is unlikely to be required for signal or coding end joining in the V(D)J recombination reaction.
Quasi-static resource allocation with interference avoidance for fixed wireless systems (1999)

We propose a novel intercell interference management technique, called quasi-static resource allocation with interference avoidance (QRA-IA), for fixed broadband wireless systems with narrow sectors or equipped with fixed or adaptive array antennas. The basic idea of QRA-IA is for every base to periodically turn off each of its beams (sectors) for a certain amount of time. This periodic turn off introduces a predictable nonuniformity in a terminal's performance and therefore permits each terminal to identify a preferred time period for transmission. QRA-IA requires that each terminal sense the interference over time, select the preferred transmission periods, and report these to the base. The resource allocation algorithm at the base can then use this information for scheduling transmissions to the terminals. The base can also use this information for obtaining an appropriate beam-off sequence. A graph theory model is used to show that an acceptable beam-off sequence exists for each base. A simple, distributed, and measurement-based beam-switching algorithm is designed for the system to find these sequences autonomously. We demonstrate via simulations that a system with QRA-IA provides a marked improvement in the packet error rate performance of terminals over the same system without QRA-IA. This improvement translates directly to improved coverage and throughput and also reduces the burden on higher layer protocols to ensure fairness and quality of service.
Type III collagen is crucial for collagen I fibrillogenesis and for normal cardiovascular development (1997)

Type III collagen is a fibrillar forming collagen comprising three alpha1(III) chains and is expressed in early embryos and throughout embryogenesis. In the adult, type III collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix in a variety of internal organs and skin. Mutations in the COL3A1 gene have been implicated as a cause of type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a disease leading to aortic rupture in early adult life. To directly study the role of Col3a1 in development and disease, we have inactivated the Col3a1 gene in embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination. The mutated allele was transmitted through the mouse germ line and homozygous mutant animals were derived from heterozygous intercrosses. About 10% of the homozygous mutant animals survived to adulthood but have a much shorter life span compared with wild-type mice. The major cause of death of mutant mice was rupture of the major blood vessels, similar to patients with type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Ultrastructural analysis of tissues from mutant mice revealed that type III collagen is essential for normal collagen I fibrillogenesis in the cardiovascular system and other organs.
Optical mixing of CO2-laser radiation in a scanning tunneling microscope (1995)

Two infrared laser beams coupled into the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope lead to the generation of a signal at the difference frequency. In this article it is described that two different frequency mixing mechanisms are responsible for this process. One part of the signal is generated through a mixing process owing to the nonlinearity in the static current-voltage characteristic. Another part has its origin in a nonlinear susceptibility at the surface; it therefore corresponds to frequency mixing in nonlinear optics. It will be shown that the difference-frequency signals generated by the two processes can be separated owing to their different dependence on the tip-sample distance.
Experimental result analysis for a generative probabilistic image retrieval model (2003)

The main conclusion from the metrics-based evaluation of video retrieval systems at TREC's video track is that non-interactive image retrieval from general collections using visual information only is not yet feasible. We show how a detailed analysis of retrieval results -- looking beyond mean average precision (MAP) scores on topical relevance -- gives significant insight in the main problems with the visual part of the retrieval model under study. Such an analytical approach proves an important addition to standard evaluation measures.
Inhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verification (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verificationSimon H. Friedman, Dianne L. DeCamp, Rint P. Sijbesma, Gordana Srdanov, Fred Wudl, and George L. KenyonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 6506–6509Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2475Altmetric-Citations843LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent Progress in Discovery and Development of Antimitotic Agents (2007)

This review highlights structural diversity of antimitotic agents. In particular, we emphasized current antimitotic therapies based on modulation of microtubule dynamics. With several successful anticancer drugs on the market and numerous compounds in clinical developments, tubulin-binding agents remain among the most important categories of anticancer agents. Compounds targeting mitotic kinases and kinesins are also discussed.
The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update (2014)

This guideline is the result of a systematic literature review using the 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) methodology and a structured consensus conference held on 28 and 29 November 2012, in Berlin. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU-funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the World Allergy Organization (WAO) with the participation of delegates of 21 national and international societies. Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell-driven disease, presenting with wheals, angioedema, or both. The life-time prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous urticaria and other chronic forms of urticaria do not only cause a decrease in quality of life, but also affect performance at work and school and, as such, are members of the group of severe allergic diseases. This guideline covers the definition and classification of urticaria, taking into account the recent progress in identifying its causes, eliciting factors and pathomechanisms. In addition, it outlines evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).
Electrically-heated cold trap inlet system for high-speed gas chromatography (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrically-heated cold trap inlet system for high-speed gas chromatographyB. A. Ewels and R. D. SacksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2774–2779Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Expression and clinical significance of PTPN14 in cholangiocarcinoma]. (2015)

PTPN14 was down-regulated in cholangiocarcinoma, and negatively correlated with better clinical-pathological features and 5-year overall survival rate of cholangiocarcinoma.
Substrate specificity of retinyl ester hydrolase activity in retinal pigment epithelium (1998)

In the eye, hydrolysis of stored retinyl esters is catalyzed by retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) activities in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) membranes. In the present study, biochemical analyses were conducted to determine the substrate specificity of these activities. Specific activities determined for hydrolysis of various retinol isomers of retinyl palmitate (9-cis-, 11-cis-, 13-cis-, and all-trans-retinyl palmitates) indicated that 11-cis-retinyl palmitate is preferentially hydrolyzed (1.7 nmol/min/mg) compared to the other isomers (0.1-0.3 nmol/min/mg). Examination of the specificity of REH activity for 11-cis-retinyl esters of varied acyl chain length (-myristate, -palmitate, and -stearate) and degree of saturation (-oleate and -linoleate) further demonstrated that palmitate is the preferred fatty acyl moiety. Notably, retinyl esters possessing chain lengths which more closely approximate that of the palmitate ester exhibited higher rates of hydrolysis. Similar results were obtained in retinyl ester-plasma membrane fusion studies in which hydrolysis took place within the membrane domain rather than at the lipid-water interface. REH substrate specificity was further assessed in competition studies in which 11-cis-retinyl palmitate hydrolysis was monitored in the presence of 13-cis-, 9-cis-, or all-trans-retinyl palmitate. Results show that addition of these retinyl palmitate isomers does not affect the rate of hydrolysis of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. However, the hydrolytic rates associated with other retinyl palmitate isomers were significantly reduced in the presence of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. Finally, cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was found to be distinct from the observed 11-cis-REH activity and the presence of cholesterol oleate did not affect the rate of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate hydrolysis. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that a distinct, membrane-associated, 11-cis-retinyl palmitate-specific retinyl ester hydrolase activity exists in the retinal pigment epithelium.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDINIUM P‐TOLUENESULFONATE. A MILD AND EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR THE TETRAHYDROPYRANYLATION OF ALCOHOLS (1978)

Abstract Cyclohexanol (I) liefert glatt den Tetrahydropyranylether (II).
Molecular cloning and functional expression of a mu-opioid receptor from rat brain. (1993)

Opioid drugs act on specific receptors to modulate a wide range of physiological functions. There are at least three types of opioid receptors, mu, delta, and kappa. Using a cDNA probe for a mouse delta-opioid receptor in low stringency hybridization, a clone has been isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. This clone contains an open reading frame of 1194 base pairs, with a deduced polypeptide of 398 amino acid residues. The predicted protein exhibits the structural features of guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors and displays a high degree of sequence homology with the mouse delta-opioid receptor. When transfected into COS-7 cells, the cDNA conferred a binding site with subnanomolar affinity for [3H]diprenorphine, a high affinity ligand for all three types of opioid receptors. This site also displayed nanomolar affinity for [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-selective agonist, whereas its affinities for the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50488 were in the micromolar range. Several mu-selective antagonists, including naloxonazine, beta-funaltrexamine, and cyprodime, were capable of displacing [3H]diprenorphine binding with nanomolar potency. The pharmacological profile of this binding site thus suggests that it is a mu-type opioid receptor, which we designated MOR-1. In COS-7 cells expressing MOR-1 and stimulated with forskolin, treatment with DAGO decreased the steady state levels of cAMP; this inhibitory effect of DAGO was blocked by naloxonazine. These results suggest that this mu-opioid receptor is functionally coupled to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
Sequences and diversity of human T cell receptor beta chain variable region genes. (1986)

The nucleotide sequences of 22 human T cell antigen receptor (TcR) beta chain variable region genes isolated from various T lymphocytes have been analyzed. Of the 19 variable gene segment (V beta)-containing sequences, 17 were unique. The V beta gene segments were grouped into 11 families. Comparisons were made with the data of Concannon et al. to unify the nomenclature. The data is consistent with a total V beta gene segment repertoire with a most probable value of 38 members and an upper bound of 104 members at the 95% confidence level. Southern blot data of germline DNA using selected TcR V beta cDNAs as probes support this estimate. The human repertoire is approximately three to four times greater than that reported for the mouse. Explanations for this discrepancy are proposed.
Z-Source\/Quasi-Z-Source Inverters: Derived Networks, Modulations, Controls, and Emerging Applications to Photovoltaic Conversion (2014)

The current and emerging investigations on Z-source/quasi-Z-source inverters (ZSIs/qZSIs) are presented. The ZSI/qZSI fulfills buck/boost capability in single-stage topology and overcomes the limits of traditional voltage source inverters (VSIs). Hence, high reliablity, high efficiency, and low cost can be achieved. The recently derived impedance networks with improved voltage gain are discussed. The classic and newly proposed modulations and feedback controls for ZSIs/qZSIs are compared. Finally, the emerging applications and trends of ZSIs/qZSIs to photovoltaic (PV) power generation are discussed. This study offers a comprehensive and systematic reference for the future development of the high-performance ZSI/qZSI.
Understanding Digital Signal Processing (2nd Edition) (2004)

Amazon.com's top-selling book for 5 straight years-now fully updated!Real-world solutions for working professionals!Understanding Digital Signal Processing, Second Edition is quite simply the best way for engineers, and other technical professionals, to master and apply techniques. Lyons has updated and expanded his best-selling first edition-building on the exceptionally readable coverage that made it the favorite of professionals worldwide.This book achieves the perfect balance between theory and practice, making accessible to beginners without ever oversimplifying it. Comprehensive in scope and gentle in approach, keeping the math at a tolerable level, this book helps readers thoroughly grasp the basics and quickly move on to more sophisticated techniques.This edition adds extensive new coverage of quadrature signals for digital communications; recent improvements in digital filtering; and much more. It also contains more than twice as many DSP Tips and Tricks... including clever techniques even seasoned professionals may have overlooked. Down-to-earth, intuitive, and example-rich, with detailed numerical exercises Stresses practical, day-to-day implementations and problem-solving All-new quadrature processing coverage includes easy-to-understand 3D drawings Extended coverage of IIR filters; plus frequency sampling, interpolated FIR filters New coverage of multirate systems; including both polyphase and cascaded integrator-comb FIR filters Coverage includes: periodic sampling, DFT, FFT, digital filters, discrete Hilbert transforms, sample rate conversion, quantization, signal averaging, and more
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication Involves Disruption of Capsid Integrity through Activation of NF-κB (2003)

Chronic infection by hepatitis B virus results from an inability to clear the virus, which is associated with liver disease and liver cancer. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with noncytopathic clearance of hepatitis B virus in animal models. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway is a central mediator of inhibition of hepatitis B virus by TNF-alpha and we describe the molecular mechanism. TNF-alpha is shown to suppress hepatitis B virus DNA replication without cell killing by disrupting the formation or stability of cytoplasmic viral capsids through a pathway requiring the NF-kappaB-activating inhibitor of kappaB kinase complex IKK-alpha/beta and active transcription factor NF-kappaB. Hepatitis B virus replication could also be inhibited and viral capsid formation could be disrupted in the absence of TNF-alpha solely by overexpression of IKK-alpha/beta or strong activation of NF-kappaB. In contrast, inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling stimulated viral replication, demonstrating that HBV replication is both positively and negatively regulated by the level of activity of the NF-kappaB pathway. Studies are presented that exclude the possibility that HBV inhibition by NF-kappaB is carried out by secondary production of gamma interferon or alpha/beta interferon. These results identify a novel mechanism for noncytopathic suppression of hepatitis B virus replication that is mediated by the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and activated by TNF-alpha.
Math1Gene Transfer Generates New Cochlear Hair Cells in Mature Guinea PigsIn Vivo (2003)

Hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea is irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Math1, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor homolog of the Drosophila atonal gene, is a positive regulator of hair cell differentiation during cochlear development. Developing hair cells express Math1, and nonsensory cells do not. We set out to determine the outcome of overexpression of Math1 in nonsensory cells of the cochlea on the phenotype of these cells. We demonstrate that in vivo inoculation of adenovirus with the Math1 gene insert into the endolymph of the mature guinea pig cochlea results in Math1 overexpression in nonsensory cochlear cells, as evident from the presence of Math1 protein in supporting cells of the organ of Corti and in adjacent nonsensory epithelial cells. Math1 overexpression leads to the appearance of immature hair cells in the organ of Corti and new hair cells adjacent to the organ of Corti in the interdental cell, inner sulcus, and Hensen cell regions. Axons are extended from the bundle of auditory nerve toward some of the new hair cells, suggesting that the new cells attract auditory neurons. We conclude that nonsensory cells in the mature cochlea retain the competence to generate new hair cells after overexpression of Math1 in vivo and that Math1 is necessary and sufficient to direct hair cell differentiation in these mature nonsensory cells.
Detection of glycosylation abnormality in rheumatoid IgG using N-acetylglucosamine-specific Psathyrella velutina lectin. (1993)

Although the galactose deficiency in the Asn297-linked sugar chains of serum IgG from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established, structural analysis of sugar chains has not been readily available. Psathyrella velutina lectin (PVL) preferentially interacts with the N-acetylglucosamine beta 1-->2Man group, exposed at the termini of sugar chains in agalacto IgG. Biotinylated PVL reacted strongly in Western blotting with H chains of IgG derived from patients with RA. An ELISA-based assay for the detection of agalacto IgG was developed using recombinant protein G and biotinylated PVL in combination, and the screening of patients' sera was performed. PVL binding of serum IgG significantly correlated with percentage of galactose-deficient IgG determined by the structural analysis. Age-related slight increase in PVL binding was observed among normal controls. Patients with RA showed significantly higher PVL binding (37.90 +/- 42.25 U/ml, n = 93) as compared with normal controls (5.75 +/- 2.92 U/ml, n = 112) (p = 0.0001). Patients with SLE showed lower but still significant PVL binding (17.86 +/- 5.18 U/ml, n = 10, p = 0.0001). PVL binding correlated with C-reactive protein level in serial analysis of individual RA patients, and was significantly higher in the synovial fluid compared with paired serum samples. PVL binding assay may provide an ideal tool for the simple and sensitive detection of agalacto IgG.