gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and specific chemical control of eukaryotic translation with a synthetic RNA–protein interaction (2012)

Sequence-specific RNA-protein interactions, though commonly used in biological systems to regulate translation, are challenging to selectively modulate. Here, we demonstrate the use of a chemically-inducible RNA-protein interaction to regulate eukaryotic translation. By genetically encoding Tet Repressor protein (TetR)-binding RNA elements into the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of an mRNA, translation of a downstream coding sequence is directly controlled by TetR and tetracycline analogs. In endogenous and synthetic 5'-UTR contexts, this system efficiently regulates the expression of multiple target genes, and is sufficiently stringent to distinguish functional from non-functional RNA-TetR interactions. Using a reverse TetR variant, we illustrate the potential for expanding the regulatory properties of the system through protein engineering strategies.
GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction (2016)

#### Summary points

Healthcare decision making is complex. Decision-making processes and the factors (criteria) that decision makers should consider vary for different types of decisions, including clinical recommendations, coverage decisions, and health system or public health recommendations or decisions.1 2 3 4 However, some criteria are relevant for all of these decisions, including the anticipated effects of the options being considered, the certainty of the evidence for those effects (also referred to as quality of evidence or confidence in effect estimates), and the costs and feasibility of the options. Decision makers must make judgments about each relevant factor, informed by the best evidence that is available to them.

Often, the processes that decision makers use, the criteria that they consider and the evidence that they …
Emerging drugs for non-small-cell lung cancer (2007)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite the optimization of chemotherapy regimens, treatment outcomes for advanced disease are still disappointing. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, and the recombinant monoclonal antibody against the VEGF, bevacizumab, have proven active in NSCLC. In the BR.21 trial, a 2-month benefit in overall survival was observed for previously treated NSCLC patients who received erlotinib versus placebo. The combination of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab yielded superior overall survival or progression-free survival in one randomized trial in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients. However, despite the introduction of more effective agents, new treatment strategies are clearly needed in lung cancer management. The review focuses on a number of new targeted agents/chemotherapy drugs now in clinical trials directed at improving NSCLC management. Mature results regarding their activity and usefulness can be expected in the near future.
Molecular motion in a smectic liquid crystal showing V-shaped switching as studied by optical second-harmonic generation (1999)

The molecular motion during the V-shaped switching in a homogeneously aligned smectic-${C}^{*}$-like liquid crystal (LC) cell has been investigated by means of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and SHG interferometry. At normal incidence, SHG intensity profiles were observed as a function of applied electric field for four combinations of input-output polarizations of light. For the analysis of SHG results, the V-shaped switching system was considered as a ferroelectric uniform state with ${C}_{2}$ symmetry (collective model). It was shown that the observed SHG behavior was successfully simulated using the collective model. By using SHG interferometry measurements, it was found that azimuthal rotation of LC molecules is limited within half the cone, where molecules could distribute. Moreover, it was also found that LC molecules undergo counterazimuthal rotation in the upper and lower halves of the LC layer in chevron structure. The stabilization of the uniform molecular alignment was attributed to the escape from the formation of polarization charges and a surface molecular constraint. The mechanism of the collective motion was discussed on the basis of the softening of the system due to the frustration of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric interactions.
Percutaneous Biphasic Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2007)

In this paper, we study the effect of stimulation of the genioglossus with percutaneous biphasic electrical pulses on patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The experiment was conducted in 22 patients clinically diagnosed with OSAS. The patients were monitored with polysomnography (PSG) in the trial. When the sleep apnea was detected, the genioglossus was stimulated with percutaneous biphasic electrical pulses that were automatically regulated by a microcontroller to achieve the optimal effect. The percutaneous biphasic electrical stimulation caused contraction of the genioglossus, forward movement of the tongue, and relieving of the glossopharyngeal airway obstruction. The SaO2, apnea time, hypoxemia time, and change of respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were compared in patients with treatment and without treatment. With percutaneous biphasic electrical stimulation of the genioglossus, the OSAS patients showed apnea time decreased (P < 0.01), RDI decreased (P < 0.01), and SaO2 increased (P < 0.01). No tissue injury or major discomfort was noticed during the trial. The stimulation of genioglossus with percutaneous biphasic electrical current pulse is an effective method for treating OSAS.
The Uninsured Consumer and Hospital Choice (1996)

The term "choice" has played an important role in the ongoing debate over health care reform in the United States. One of the major assumptions underlying reform efforts is that affordability drives consumers' choice of health care providers, particularly for the uninsured. In the state of Maryland, the issue of affordability is addressed by an "all-payor" system. In such a scenario, where enhanced choice opportunities are available for the uninsured, such consumers seem to be making choices which lead to the use of hospitals other than those which would be predicted based upon convenience or closeness of location alone.
BreadCrumbs (2008)

Mobile devices cannot rely on a single managed network, but must exploit a wide variety of connectivity options as they travel. We argue that such systems must consider the derivative of connectivity--the changes inherent in movement between separately managed networks, with widely varying capabilities. With predictive knowledge of such changes, devices can more intelligently schedule network usage.
Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Family-Related Protein Ligand is Requisite for Optimal Functioning of Regulatory CD4+ T Cells (2014)

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (TNFRSF18, CD357) is constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is inducible on effector T cells. In this report, we examine the role of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein ligand (GITR-L), which is expressed by antigen presenting cells, on the development and expansion of Tregs. We found that GITR-L is dispensable for the development of naturally occurring FoxP3(+) Treg cells in the thymus. However, the expansion of Treg in GITR-L (-/-) mice is impaired after injection of the dendritic cells (DCs) inducing factor Flt3 ligand. Furthermore, DCs from the liver of GITR-L (-/-) mice were less efficient in inducing proliferation of antigen-specific Treg cells in vitro than the same cells from WT littermates. Upon gene transfer of ovalbumin into hepatocytes of GITR-L (-/-)FoxP3(GFP) reporter mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV8-OVA) the number of antigen-specific Treg in liver and spleen is reduced. The reduced number of Tregs resulted in an increase in the number of ovalbumin specific CD8(+) T effector cells. This is highly significant because proliferation of antigen-specific CD8(+) cells itself is dependent on the presence of GITR-L, as shown by in vitro experiments and by adoptive transfers into GITR-L (-/-) Rag (-/-) and Rag (-/-) mice that had received AAV8-OVA. Surprisingly, administering αCD3 significantly reduced the numbers of FoxP3(+) Treg cells in the liver and spleen of GITR-L (-/-) but not WT mice. Because soluble Fc-GITR-L partially rescues αCD3 induced in vitro depletion of the CD103(+) subset of FoxP3(+)CD4(+) Treg cells, we conclude that expression of GITR-L by antigen presenting cells is requisite for optimal Treg-mediated regulation of immune responses including those in response during gene transfer.
Non-invasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature (2005)

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospective studies which evaluated the effects of either TMS (12 studies) or ECT (five studies) on motor function in PD using the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for TMS studies and any continuous measures of motor function in PD for ECT studies were included. The pooled effect size (standardised mean difference between pre-treatment versus post-treatment means) from a random effects model was 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.38, 0.85) for TMS treatment and 1.68 (0.79, 2.56) for ECT treatment, and from a fixed effects model was 0.59 (0.39, 0.78) for TMS treatment and 1.55 (1.07, 2.03) for ECT treatment. TMS, across applied stimulation sites and parameters, can exert a significant, albeit modest, positive effect on the motor function of patients with PD. ECT also may exert a significant effect on motor function in PD patients.
Reference values for clinical chemistry tests during normal pregnancy (2008)

Most of the analytes change during normal pregnancy. It is thus of importance to use special reference values during pregnancy.
Microfluidic platform combining droplets and magnetic tweezers: application to HER2 expression in cancer diagnosis (2016)

The development of precision medicine, together with the multiplication of targeted therapies and associated molecular biomarkers, call for major progress in genetic analysis methods, allowing increased multiplexing and the implementation of more complex decision trees, without cost increase or loss of robustness. We present a platform combining droplet microfluidics and magnetic tweezers, performing RNA purification, reverse transcription and amplification in a fully automated and programmable way, in droplets of 250nL directly sampled from a microtiter-plate. This platform decreases sample consumption about 100 fold as compared to current robotized platforms and it reduces human manipulations and contamination risk. The platform's performance was first evaluated on cell lines, showing robust operation on RNA quantities corresponding to less than one cell, and then clinically validated with a cohort of 21 breast cancer samples, for the determination of their HER2 expression status, in a blind comparison with an established routine clinical analysis.
Profound hypothermia (less than 10 degrees C) compared with deep hypothermia (15 degrees C) improves neurologic outcome in dogs after two hours' circulatory arrest induced to enable resuscitative surgery. (1991)

Deaths from uncontrollable hemorrhage might be prevented by arresting the circulation under protective hypothermia to allow resuscitative surgery to repair these injuries in a bloodless field. We have shown previously that in hemorrhagic shock, circulatory arrest of 60 minutes under deep hypothermia (tympanic membrane temperature, Ttm = 15 degrees C) was the maximum duration of arrest that allowed normal brain recovery. We hypothesize that profound cerebral hypothermia (Ttm less than 10 degrees C) could extend the duration of safe circulatory arrest. In pilot experiments, we found that the cardiopulmonary system did not tolerate arrest at a core (esophageal) temperature (Tes) of less than 10 degrees C. Twenty-two dogs underwent 30-minute hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 40 mm Hg), rapid cooling by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), blood washout to a hematocrit of less than 10%, and circulatory arrest of 2 hours. In deep hypothermia group 1 (n = 10), Ttm was maintained at 15 degrees C during arrest. In profound hypothermia group 2 (n = 12), during cooling with CPB, the head was immersed in ice water, which decreased Ttm to 4 degrees-7 degrees C. The Tes was 10 degrees C in all dogs during arrest. Reperfusion and rewarming were by CPB for 2 hours. Controlled ventilation was to 24 hours, intensive care to 72 hours. In the 20 dogs that followed protocol, best neurologic deficit scores (0% = normal, 100% = brain death) at 24-72 hours were 23% +/- 19% in group 1 and 12% +/- 8% in group 2 (p = 0.15). Overall performance categories and histologic damage scores were significantly better in group 2 (p = 0.04 and p less than 0.001, respectively). We conclude that profound cerebral hypothermia with CPB plus ice water immersion of the head can extend the brain's tolerance of therapeutic circulatory arrest beyond that achieved with deep hypothermia.
In Vitro Characterization of Monoaspartyl Chlorin e6 and Diaspartyl Chlorin e6 for Photodynamic Therapy (1988)

The characteristics of two new chlorin photosensitizers were studied in cell culture by determining phototoxicity, subcellular localization, and photophysical properties. Monoaspartyl chlorin e6 (MACE) and diaspartyl chlorin e6 (DACE) are new photosensitizers that show promise for use in photodynamic therapy. These chlorins are pure, monomeric compounds as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Both compounds absorb substantially at a longer wavelength (664 nm) than does dihematoporphyrin ether-ester (DHE). Tumor diagnosis with the use of fluorescence should be facilitated due to the purity of the compounds and the single fluorescence emission peak. Phototoxicity dose-response curves of the sensitizers were completed using a standard clonogenic assay to determine cell viability. The chlorins showed good sensitizing capabilities with light. In addition, subcellular localization of MACE, DACE, and DHE was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Whereas DHE was located throughout the cytoplasm, the primary site of localization of the chlorins appeared to be in the lysosome. The results demonstrate that MACE and DACE are effective photosensitizing agents in vitro and compare favorably to DHE.
Anti-obesity effect of dietary diacylglycerol in C57BL/6J mice:dietary diacylglycerol stimulates intestinal lipid metabolism (2002)

We examined the long-term effects of dietary diacylglycerol (DG) and triacylglycerol (TG) with similar fatty acid compositions on the development of obesity in C57BL/6J mice. We also analyzed the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism at an early stage of obesity development in these mice. Compared with mice fed the high-TG diet, mice fed the high-DG diet accumulated significantly less body fat during the 8-month study period. Within the first 10 days, dietary DG stimulated beta-oxidation and lipid metabolism-related gene expression, including acyl-CoA oxidase, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and uncoupling protein-2 in the small intestine but not in the liver, skeletal muscle, or brown adipose tissue, suggesting the predominant contribution of intestinal lipid metabolism to the effects of DG. Furthermore, analysis of digestion products of [(14)C]DG and those of [(14)C]TG revealed that the radioactivity levels detected in fatty acid, 1-monoacylglycerol, and 1,3-DG in intestinal mucosa were significantly higher after intrajejunal injection of DG rather than TG. Thus, dietary DG reduces body weight gain that accompanies the stimulation of intestinal lipid metabolism, and these effects may be related to the characteristic metabolism of DG in the small intestine.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions (1996)

These observations suggest that CNP has functional significance in atherogenesis.
Clofarabine Plus Cytarabine Compared With Cytarabine Alone in Older Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Results From the CLASSIC I Trial (2012)

Although the primary end point of OS did not differ between arms, Clo+Ara-C significantly improved response rates and EFS. Study follow-up continues, and the role of clofarabine in the treatment of adult patients with AML continues to be investigated.
Nonneuronal cells mediate neurotrophic action of vasoactive intestinal peptide. (1987)

The developmental regulation of neuronal survival by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was investigated in dissociated spinal cord-dorsal root ganglion (SC-DRG) cultures. Previous studies demonstrated that VIP increased neuronal survival in SC-DRG cultures when synaptic transmission was blocked with tetrodotoxin (TTX). This effect was further investigated to determine if VIP acted directly on neurons or via nonneuronal cells. For these studies, SC-DRG cells were cultured under conditions designed to provide preparations enriched for a particular cell type: astrocyte-enriched background cell (BG) cultures, meningeal fibroblast cultures, standard mixed neuron-nonneuron (STD) cultures, and neuron-enriched (N) cultures. Addition of 0.1 nM VIP to TTX-treated STD cultures for 5 d prevented the TTX-mediated death and the death that occurred naturally during development in culture, whereas the same treatment on N cultures did not prevent neuronal cell death. Conditioned medium from VIP-stimulated BG cultures prevented neuronal cell death when added to the medium (10% of total volume) of N cultures treated with TTX. The same amount of conditioned medium from BG cultures that were not treated with VIP had no protective action on N cultures. Conditioned medium from N or meningeal fibroblast cultures, either with or without VIP treatment, did not prevent TTX-mediated cell death in N test cultures. These data indicate that VIP increases the availability of neurotrophic survival-promoting substances derived from nonneuronal cultures, the most likely source being astroglial cells. This study suggests that VIP has a role in mediating a neuron-glia-neuron interaction that influences the trophic regulation of neuronal survival.
Design Of The Coupling Schemes For The Dolby Ac-3 Coder In Stereo Coding (1998)

When applying the Dolby AC-3 coder the for stereo music compression, the coupling scheme is the key technology for the Dolby AC-3 to achieve a bit rate lower than 96x2 kbit per second while preserving high stereo audio quality. This paper proposes four coupling schemes for the AC-3 encoder. These four methods vary with the complexity and the performance. These four methods are compared through both subjective and objective tests.
DTMOS: its derivatives and variations, and their potential applications (2002)

Since the first introduction of dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) in 1994 (Assaderaghi et al, 1994), many novel and interesting proposals have been made regarding this device. Some of the proposals have focused on improving the original design and overcoming its limitations, while others have found circuit and system applications for it. This paper briefly reviews the DTMOS concept, and its advantages over conventional CMOS. Next, the main limitations and disadvantages of the device are touched upon, while covering some of the suggestions for optimizing the device. A rich category of circuit applications for DTMOS and its derivatives have been created in the short period following DTMOS inception. Some of the proposed circuit applications are mentioned next. Finally, the author's views on future directions of the device are presented.
The structure of hydrogenated fullerene (C60H36) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe structure of hydrogenated fullerene (C60H36)L. E. Hall, D. R. McKenzie, M. I. Attalla, A. M. Vassallo, R. L. Davis, J. B. Dunlop, and D. J. H. CockayneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 21, 5741–5744Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100123a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100123a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of a Glucosidase Inhibitor On The Bioactivity And Immunoreactivity of hUman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein (1991)

Apparently conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of env glycoprotein glycans in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity and cytopathogenicity. Whereas we have shown that enzymic removal of carbohydrates from mature envelope glycoproteins has only limited effect on the ability of HIV-1 to bind to CD4 and to infect target cells, sugar analogues that interfere with the glycosylation process of the nascent molecule markedly reduce virus infectivity. Here we have investigated the effect of a glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM), on the bioactivity and immunoreactivity of precursor gp160 produced by recombinant vaccinia virus-infected BHK-21 cells (rgp160). dNM (4 mM) did not affect the amount of rgp160 recovered nor its secretion from the cells. As described by other authors the effect of dNM was incomplete, resulting in the production of rgp160, the glycosylation of which was heterogeneous with respect to apparent Mr distribution and to sensitivity to endoglycosidase H and endoglycosidase F, all the species being susceptible to N-glycanase. A major reduction of the binding to CD4+ cells was noted with rgp 160 produced by dNM-treated cells using a quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assay and labelling with polyclonal human anti-HIV IgG. Similarly, dNM treatment altered the accessibility to murine monoclonal antibody 110-4 of the exposed V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 by at least 10-fold, as determined by either ELISA capture assay or immunoaffinity purification. Such bioactivity and conformation modifications, which result from the abnormal folding of the nascent glycoprotein due to aberrant glycosylation, may account for the impaired HIV-1 infectivity elicited by dNM.