gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Episodic Hyperammonemia in Adult Siblings With Hyperornithinemia, Hyperammonemia, and Homocitrullinuria Syndrome (1990)

A 39-year-old man and his 42-year-old sister, both vegetarians, had episodic confusion for many years, but their mental function was normal between those episodes. They were recently diagnosed with hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria syndrome. Hyperammonemia was documented during an episode of confusion in the male sibling but not in his sister. Both had elevated plasma ornithine, glutamine, and alanine levels and persistently low plasma lysine levels. Homocitrulline was present in their urine, and orotic aciduria and orotidinuria developed in the male sibling following ingestion of allopurinol. Studies on their cultured skin fibroblasts showed deficient metabolism of ornithine, indicating a defect in ornithine transport across the mitochondrial membrane. During therapy with citrulline and phenylbutyrate sodium, plasma ornithine levels increased in both patients, while plasma levels of glutamine and alanine decreased to normal. Since therapy started, their clinical conditions have also improved, and no recurrent neurologic dysfunction has occurred during a follow-up period of 20 months.
Nonthermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Suppresses Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Replication in Corneal Epithelium (2014)

Nonthermal plasma is a versatile tool that holds great biomedical potential for ophthalmology, where it is being investigated for wound healing and sterilization and is already in use for ocular microsurgery. The anti-HSV-1 activity of DBD plasma demonstrated here could be directly translated to the clinic for use against drug-resistant herpes keratitis.
Resistive-Memory Embedded Unified RAM (R-URAM) (2009)

A disturb-free unified RAM (URAM) is demonstrated. It consists of a nonvolatile memory (NVM) and a capacitorless dynamic random access memory (DRAM) in a single-cell transistor. The NVM function is achieved by the resistive switching of an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film, and the capacitorless DRAM operation is attained by hole accumulation in a floating body. A property of resistive switching-an abrupt change of the bistable resistance state at a specific voltage-permits a high level of immunity to disturbances between NVM and capacitorless DRAM (1T-DRAM) operations compared to the previously proposed URAM whose NVM characteristics originate from charge trapping in the oxide/nitride/oxide layer.
E-RNAi: a web application to design optimized RNAi constructs (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful genetic approach to systematically dissect gene function on a genome-wide scale. Owing to the penetrance and efficiency of RNAi in invertebrates, model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans have contributed significantly to the identification of novel components of diverse biological pathways, ranging from early development to fat storage and aging. For the correct assessment of phenotypes, a key issue remains the stringent quality control of long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) to calculate potential off-target effects that may obscure the phenotypic data. We here describe a web-based tool to evaluate and design optimized dsRNA constructs. Moreover, the application also gives access to published predesigned dsRNAs. The E-RNAi web application is available at http://e-rnai.dkfz.de/.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Visible Light over Pt-Interlinked Hybrid Composites of Cubic-Phase and Hexagonal-Phase CdS (2008)

A hybrid photocatalytic system, which is based on a mixed-phase cadmium sulfide matrix composed of nanoparticulate cubic-phase CdS (c-CdS) with average particle diameters of 13 nm and a bandgap energy of 2.6 eV, is coupled with bulk-phase hexagonal CdS (hex-CdS) that has a bandgap energy of 2.3 eV and is interlinked with elemental platinum deposits. The resulting hybrid nanocomposite catalysts are photocatalytically efficient with respect to hydrogen gas production from water with visible light irradiation at λ > 420 nm. Rates of H2 production approaching 1.0 mmol-H2 g−1 h−1 are obtained with a c-CdS/Pt/hex-CdS composite photocatalyst, in the presence of a mixed sodium sulfide and sodium sulfite background electrolyte system at pH 14. In contrast, the same composite produces H2 a rate of 0.15 mmol g−1 h−1 at pH 7 in a water-isopropanol solvent system. The relative order of reactivity for the synthesized hybrid catalysts was found to be c-CdS/Pt/hex-CdS > Pt/c-CdS/hex-CdS > Pt/hex-CdS > hex-CdS > c-CdS/hex-CdS > quantum-sized c-CdS. A mechanism involving enhanced lifetimes of electron−hole trapping states that are dependent on the surface chemistry of hydrated CdS involving surface hydroxyl (>CdOH) and sulfhydryl groups (>CdSH) are invoked.
Enzyme Immobilization: The Quest for Optimum Performance (2007)

Abstract Immobilization is often the key to optimizing the operational performance of an enzyme in industrial processes, particularly for use in non‐aqueous media. Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed. The methods are divided into three main categories, viz. (i) binding to a prefabricated support (carrier), (ii) entrapment in organic or inorganic polymer matrices, and (iii) cross‐linking of enzyme molecules. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
A real-time PCR-based method for determining the surface coverage of thiol-capped oligonucleotides bound onto gold nanoparticles (2006)

Here we report a real-time PCR-based method for determining the surface coverage of dithiol-capped oligonucleotides bound onto gold nanoparticles alone and in tandem with antibody. The detection of gold nanoparticle-bound DNA is accomplished by targeting the oligonucleotide with primer and probe binding sites, amplification of the oligonucleotide by PCR, and real-time measurement of the fluorescence emitted during the reaction. This method offers a wide dynamic range and is not dependant on the dissociation of the oligonucleotide strands from the gold nanoparticle surface; the fluorophore is not highly quenched by the gold nanoparticles in solution during fluorescence measurements. We show that this method and a fluorescence-based method give equivalent results for determining the surface coverage of oligonucleotides bound onto 13 or 30 nm gold nanoparticles alone and in tandem with antibody. Quantifying the surface coverage of immobilized oligonucleotides on metallic nanoparticle surfaces is important for optimizing the sensitivity of gold nanoparticle-based detection methods and for better understanding the interactions between thiol-functionalized oligonucleotides and gold nanoparticles.
Formation of hybrid phycobilisomes by association of phycobiliproteins from Nostoc and Fremyella (1982)

Formation of phycobilisomes has been accomplished in vitro from isolated phycobiliprotein fractions obtained from the same blue-green alga (intrageneric) and from different blue-green algae (intergeneric). Phycobilisomes, which are supra-molecular complexes of phycobiliproteins, serve as major light-harvesting antennae for photosynthesis in blue-green and red algae. Intrageneric association into energetically functional phycobilisomes, previously reported to occur with Nostoc sp. allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin-phycocyanin complexes [Canaani, O., Lipschultz, C. A. & Gantt, E. (1980) FEBS Lett. 115, 225-229], has been obtained with Fremyella diplosiphon. By their spectral properties (absorption, fluorescence excitation, and emission) and electron microscopic images, the native and in vitro-associated phycobilisomes were virtually indistinguishable. Intergeneric phycobilisomes have been produced from allophycocyanin of Nostoc sp. strain Mac. and phycoerythrin-phycocyanin of F. diplosiphon, as well as from the reverse mixtures. The yield of intergeneric phycobilisomes, favored by higher phycobiliprotein content in 0.75 M phosphate, pH 7.0/2.0 M sucrose, was 40-60%. Energy transfer to the terminal long-wavelength-emitting allophycocyanin in the phycobilisomes was evident from the 670-675 nm fluorescence emission peaks. Furthermore, excitation spectra showed the contribution of the respective phycoerythrins (Fremyella, lambda(max) 570; Nostoc, lambda(max) 573 and 553 nm), as well as that of phycocyanin and short-wavelength-absorbing allophycocyanin. Phycobilisomes of Nostoc and Fremyella, analyzed by NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, possessed a number of polypeptides having similar molecular weights: the usual alpha- and beta-phycobilin-containing polypeptides of M(r) 15,000-22,000, a faint band at M(r)ca. 95,000, and a prominent band at M(r)ca. 31,000. The M(r) 31,000 polypeptide is assumed to provide the recognition site for attachment of the phycoerythrin-phycocyanin complexes with the allophycocyanin core. In vitro association was not obtained between allophycocyanin from Nostoc and phycoerythrin-phycocyanin complexes from Phormidium persicinum or Porphyridium sordidum.
Poor People Using Mobile Financial Services : Observations on Customer Usage and Impact from M-PESA (2009)

Despite growing agreement on the potential of technology to expand access to finance, or branchless banking, there is surprisingly little data publicly available about low-income users. This brief draws on some of the first ethnographic research on Mobile-Swahili for money (M-PESA), one of the earliest success stories in mobile phone-based delivery of financial services. The research offers insights into how poor people use M-PESA, its impact on their lives, and some unexpected consequences.
Cadherin Cell Adhesion Receptors as a Morphogenetic Regulator (1991)

Cadherins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that are crucial for the mutual association of vertebrate cells. Through their homophilic binding interactions, cadherins play a role in cell-sorting mechanisms, conferring adhesion specificities on cells. The regulated expression of cadherins also controls cell polarity and tissue morphology. Cadherins are thus considered to be important regulators of morphogenesis. Moreover, pathological examinations suggest that the down-regulation of cadherin expression is associated with the invasiveness of tumor cells.
Absence of covalently linked core protein from newly synthesized hyaluronate (1982)

1. Primary cultures of chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were labelled with either [3H]glucosamine or [14C]glucosamine, and hyaluronate synthesized by the cells was isolated from the cell layer. Parallel cultures were labelled with either [3H]serine or [3H]lysine, and identical fractions were isolated from the cell layer. Some cultures were dual-labelled. 2. In cultures labelled with [3H]serine for between 30 min and 24 h and extracted with 4.0 M-guanidine, a procedure that solubilizes predominantly extracellular macromolecules, small amounts of [3H]serine-labelled molecules were found associated with the hyaluronate fraction purified from the extract by dissociative CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation and dissociative Sepharose CL-2B chromatography. About 75% of the [3H]serine-labelled molecules in the fraction were specifically associated with hyaluronate, since they could be removed by prior treatment with proteinase-free Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The association of the [3H]serine-labelled molecules with hyaluronate was non-covalent, since they could be separated from it by further centrifugation in CsCl density gradients containing 4 M-guanidinium chloride and a zwitterionic detergent. 3. In other experiments the cultures were extracted with a sequential zwitterionic-detergent/guanidinium chloride procedure that completely solubilized the cell layer and enabled fractions containing newly synthesized cell-associated hyaluronate to be isolated. Zwitterionic detergent was present throughout. No [3H]lysine was incorporated into these fractions, irrespective of whether the cultures were pulsed concurrently with [3H]lysine and [14C]glucosamine or sequentially with [3H]lysine to prelabel the protein pool (24 h) followed by [14C]-glucosamine to label hyaluronate (1 h). 4. The results show that newly synthesized hyaluronate is not associated with covalently bound protein, and suggest that chain synthesis is initiated by a mechanism other than on to a core protein. Small amounts of [3H]serine-labelled molecules are, however, non-covalently associated with extracellular hyaluronate. Their identity is at present unknown, but they are probably of low molecular weight.
Centralized Modularity of N-Linked Glycosylation Pathways in Mammalian Cells (2009)

Glycosylation is a highly complex process to produce a diverse repertoire of cellular glycans that are attached to proteins and lipids. Glycans are involved in fundamental biological processes, including protein folding and clearance, cell proliferation and apoptosis, development, immune responses, and pathogenesis. One of the major types of glycans, N-linked glycans, is formed by sequential attachments of monosaccharides to proteins by a limited number of enzymes. Many of these enzymes can accept multiple N-linked glycans as substrates, thereby generating a large number of glycan intermediates and their intermingled pathways. Motivated by the quantitative methods developed in complex network research, we investigated the large-scale organization of such N-linked glycosylation pathways in mammalian cells. The N-linked glycosylation pathways are extremely modular, and are composed of cohesive topological modules that directly branch from a common upstream pathway of glycan synthesis. This unique structural property allows the glycan production between modules to be controlled by the upstream region. Although the enzymes act on multiple glycan substrates, indicating cross-talk between modules, the impact of the cross-talk on the module-specific enhancement of glycan synthesis may be confined within a moderate range by transcription-level control. The findings of the present study provide experimentally-testable predictions for glycosylation processes, and may be applicable to therapeutic glycoprotein engineering.
Anchor Structure of Cell Wall Surface Proteins in Listeria monocytogenes (2000)

Many surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria are anchored to the cell wall by a mechanism requiring a COOH-terminal sorting signal with a conserved LPXTG motif. In Staphylococcus aureus, surface proteins are cleaved between the threonine and the glycine of the LPXTG motif. The carboxyl of threonine is subsequently amide linked to the amino group of the pentaglycine cell wall crossbridge. Here we investigated the anchor structure of surface proteins in Listeria monocytogenes. A methionine and six histidines (MH(6)) were inserted upstream of the LPXTG motif of internalin A (InlA), a cell-wall-anchored surface protein of L. monocytogenes. The engineered protein InlA-MH(6)-Cws was found anchored in the bacterial cell wall. After peptidoglycan digestion with phage endolysin, InlA-MH(6)-Cws was purified by affinity chromatography. COOH-terminal peptides of InlA-MH(6)-Cws were obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by purification on a nickel-nitriloacetic acid column. Analysis of COOH-terminal peptides with Edman degradation and mass spectrometry revealed an amide linkage between the threonine of the cleaved LPXTG motif and the amino group of the m-diaminopimelic acid crossbridge within the listerial peptidoglycan. These results reveal that the cell wall anchoring of surface proteins in Gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus and L. monocytogenes occurs by a universal mechanism.
Kinetic parameters of the lipoprotein transport systems in the adrenal gland of the rat determined in vivo. Comparison of low and high density lipoproteins of human and rat origin. (1981)

These studies were done to characterize the rate of uptake of high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein cholesterol by the adrenal gland of the rat under in vivo conditions. Animals were pretreated for 4 days with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine to essentially eliminate endogenous plasma lipoproteins and with aminoglutethimide for 1 h to block conversion of cholesterol to adrenal hormones. Such animals were then infused with varying amounts of HDL and LDL from both human and rat plasma, and this led to rapid accumulation of cholesterol, both free and esterified, in the adrenal glands over the subsequent 4-h period of observation. This uptake process was linear with respect to time and manifested saturation kinetics with respect to the steady state level of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol. When human lipoproteins were infused, the maximal rate of cholesterol uptake was approximately 0.45 mg/pair of adrenal glands/h for both HDL and LDL; however, the half-maximal rate of uptake (Km) was achieved at a plasma HDL cholesterol concentration of only 12 mg/dl while a concentration of 61 mg/dl was required to achieve the same velocity with LDL. When similar experiments were carried out with rat HDL, the Km equaled 7.2 mg/dl and a maximal rate of uptake of 0.32 mg/pair of adrenal glands/h was achieved. It was not possible to obtain complete kinetic curves using rat LDL, but at physiological plasma concentrations, there was no difference in the rate of cholesterol uptake from LDL of rat or human origin. When large amounts of both HDL (5.8 times Km) and LDL (3.1 times Km) were infused into the same animals, the rate of cholesterol uptake essentially equaled the sum of the maximal transport rates for the two lipoproteins. These data provide additional support for the concept that the adrenal gland (and ovary) of the rat can take up HDL and LDL cholesterol by separate mechanisms. However, from the quantitative data on the kinetics of these uptake processes, it is apparent that in this species HDL cholesterol must be the major substrate for the synthesis of adrenal hormones.
The Effects of Loudspeaker Placement on Listener Preference Ratings (1994)

Through the use of an acoustically adjustable listening room and a binaural recording and reproduction system, live and binaural subjective evaluations were made of different loudspeakers placed in different room locations. The experimental results from both tests show that the listener preference ratings for different loudspeakers are significantly influenced by the loudspeaker location within the room
Biological aspects of early osteoarthritis (2011)

Systematic review, Level II.
Membrane permeability commonly shared among arginine‐rich peptides (2003)

Delivery of proteins and other macromolecules using membrane-permeable carrier peptides is a recently developed novel technology, which enables us to modulate cellular functions for biological studies with therapeutic potential. One of the most often used carrier peptides is the arginine-rich basic peptide derived from HIV-1 Tat protein [HIV-1 Tat (48-60)]. Using this peptide, efficient intracellular delivery of molecules including proteins, oligonucleic acids and liposomes has been achieved. We have demonstrated that these features were commonly shared among many arginine-rich peptides such as HIV-1 Rev (34-50) and octaarginine. Not only the linear peptides but also branched-chain peptides showed efficient internalization with an optimum number of arginines (approximately eight residues). The structural and mechanistic features of the translocation of these membrane-permeable arginine-rich peptides are reviewed.
Multiple Mechanisms of Protein Insertion into and Across Membranes (1985)

Protein localization in cells is initiated by the binding of characteristic leader (signal) peptides to specific receptors on the membranes of mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum or, in bacteria, to the plasma membrane. There are differences in the timing of protein synthesis and translocation into or across the bilayer and in the requirement for a transmembrane electrochemical potential. Comparisons of protein localization in these different membranes suggest underlying common mechanisms.
Heart rate estimation from facial images using filter bank (2014)

This paper introduces a new method to estimate the instantaneous heart rates from facial images obtained from video camera. In this study, facial images of a subject whose heart rate varying from 150 beats per minute (BPM) to 110 BPM in 100 seconds are captured through video camera and analyzed using filter bank. The filter bank is utilized to provide the localized temporal information. We test the proposed method on videos with duration of 20s. The proposed method is compared to short-time Fourier Transform, which can also give temporal information. Experimental results show the proposed method can provide an acceptable result. The root mean square error is about 2.31 beats per minute (BPM). The average percentage error is 1.42% while the correlation coefficient 0.96.
Cross-clade HIV-1 neutralization by an antibody fragment from a lupus phage display library (2004)

A single-chain fragment containing antibody V domains (scFv) isolated from a lupus antibody library displayed the ability to bind gp120 and the conserved gp120 determinant composed of residues 421-436. The scFv neutralized R5 and X4-dependent HIV-1 strains from clades B, C, and D. The lupus repertoire may be useful as a source of neutralizing antibodies to HIV.
Preparation of LNA Phosphoramidites (2002)

A highly efficient method for the preparation of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) phosphoramidite monomers with 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite and 4,5-dicyanoimidazole has been devised. The quality of the phosphoramidites prepared in this manner is equal to HPLC purified phosphoramidites and can easily be used for oligonucleotide synthesis without further purification. In addition the possibility of using 4,5-dicyanoimidazole in catalytic amounts has been investigated and showed optimum results when 0.7 equivalent was used, and that reducing the amount further leads to undesired phosphitylation of the nucleobase. Furthermore it is demonstrated that LNA phosphoramidite monomers are exceedingly stable in acetonitrile solution thereby prolonging the effective lifetime of the reagent significantly.
Microgravimetric and gravity‐gradient techniques for detection of subsurface cavities (1983)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983Microgravimetric and gravity‐gradient techniques for detection of subsurface cavitiesAuthors: Dwain K. ButlerDwain K. ButlerU. S. Army Corps of Engineershttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893775 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893775FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1983 Pages: 646 publication data© 1983 Copyright © 1983 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Dwain K. Butler, (1983), "Microgravimetric and gravity‐gradient techniques for detection of subsurface cavities," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893775 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...