gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and immunological properties of the human carcinoma-associated CAR-3 epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody AR-3. (1989)

The monoclonal antibody AR-3 reacts with an epitope (CAR-3) carried on a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein associated with carcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, colon, uterus, and ovary. This study reports the partial purification and characterization of CAR-3-bearing molecule. The antigen was quantified by a double determinant immunoradiometric assay. CAR-3 antigen was purified by a three-step procedure, consisting of perchloric acid extraction, molecular sieving on Sepharose CL-4B, and affinity chromatography on AR-3 antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B. Following this procedure CAR-3 antigen was purified about 400-fold with a 36% yield. Treatment of the CAR-3 antigen with 16 mM metaperiodate or with 1 N NaOH resulted in complete loss of activity. Antigenicity survived enzymatic treatments known to destroy proteins. The epitope was found to be carried on a molecule with a molecular weight of greater than 400,000 with a density of 1.45 g/ml, metabolically labeled with [35S]sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, and [35S]methionine. It is concluded that CAR-3 epitope is expressed on a carbohydrate moiety linked to a sulfo-mucin-like molecule via an O-glycosidic bond. Cross-competition experiments showed that CAR-3 epitope is strictly related or in close topographic proximity to Lewis(a) and Lewis(b) antigens. Cross-double determinant immunoradiometric assay experiments indicated that the same mucin carrying CAR-3 bears also CA 19-9, CA 125, and BW 494 epitopes.
Flutamide: a novel agent for restoring the depressed cell-mediated immunity following soft-tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock. (1997)

Recent studies indicate beneficial effects of androgen depletion in male mice, before trauma-hemorrhage on cell-mediated immunity following soft-tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Nonetheless, it remains unknown whether androgen receptor blockade following the insult has any salutary effects. To study this, male C3H/HeN mice were either sham-operated or subjected to soft-tissue trauma (i.e., 2.5 cm midline laparotomy) followed by hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure 35 +/- 5 mmHg for 90 min) and then adequately resuscitated (shed blood and lactated Ringer's). Immediately after the completion of resuscitation, as well as 24 and 48 h thereafter, the animals received either vehicle, 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) flutamide or 25 mg/kg BW flutamide subcutaneously. At 72 h after resuscitation, all animals were killed. The spleens and peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were then harvested and cultures established to determine IL-2 and IL-3 release, splenocyte proliferative capacity, as well as splenic and peritoneal M phi IL-1 release. Moreover, plasma testosterone and corticosterone levels were measured. Our results indicate that trauma-hemorrhage resulted in significant depression of splenocyte and M phi functions in vehicle-treated and animals receiving 10 mg/kg BW flutamide. Treatment with 25 mg/kg BW flutamide following trauma-hemorrhage, however, resulted in levels of cytokine release which were comparable with those found in sham-operated animals. No significant alterations in plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels were observed in any of the experimental groups. These findings indicate that short-term therapy of males with the androgen receptor blocker, flutamide at 25 mg/kg BW, following trauma-hemorrhage has protective effects on immune functions. This protective effect is dose dependent, since 10 mg/kg BW flutamide did not produce significant salutary effects. Thus, flutamide represents a novel and safe agent for improving the depressed functions in male trauma patients suffering severe blood loss.
Human Gut Symbiont Roseburia hominis Promotes and Regulates Innate Immunity (2017)

Mono-association of mice with <i>R. hominis</i> bacteria results in specific bidirectional gene expression patterns. A set of genes thought to be important for host colonization are induced in <i>R. hominis</i>, while the host cells respond by strengthening gut barrier function and enhancing Treg population expansion, possibly <i>via</i> TLR5-flagellin signaling. Our data reveal the immunomodulatory properties of <i>R. hominis</i> that could be useful for the control and treatment of gut inflammation.
Superconducting Proximity Effect on a One-Dimensional Interacting Electron Gas (1996)

A one-dimensional interacting electron gas (N) in contact with a bulk superconductor (S) is studied theoretically using a bosonization method. We calculate various correlation functions in the case of the complete Andreev reflection at zero temperature. It is found that a tendency towards singlet superconductivity is enhanced in the vicinity of the NS interface, while spin-density-wave correlation is shown to be suppressed. We calculate the conductance of the NS interface in the presence of a barrier potential. This interface conductance shows relatively strong temperature dependence compared with conductance through a single barrier in the absence of the proximity effect. This is a manifestation of interplay between the proximity effect and the mutual interaction.
Organozirconium Chemistry on Cyclosporin: A Novel Process for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-ISA247 (Voclosporin) and Close Analogues (2011)

Application of organozirconium chemistry to cyclosporin has led to the development of a novel process for the highly stereoselective synthesis of the E-isomer of ISA247 (voclosporin), which is a potent immunosuppressive agent currently in late stage human clinical trials for treatment of psoriasis, prevention of kidney transplant rejection, and ophthalmic indications. Synthesis of deuterated analogues of ISA247 and a cyclosporin triene analogue using the same methodology is also described.
Development and evaluation of in situ gel of pregabalin (2015)

Floating in situ gelling system of PRG can be formulated using sodium alginate as a gelling polymer and calcium chloride as a complexing agent to control the drug release for about 12 h for the treatment of epilepsy.
Techniques for automated local activation time annotation and conduction velocity estimation in cardiac mapping (2015)

Measurements of cardiac conduction velocity provide valuable functional and structural insight into the initiation and perpetuation of cardiac arrhythmias, in both a clinical and laboratory context. The interpretation of activation wavefronts and their propagation can identify mechanistic properties of a broad range of electrophysiological pathologies. However, the sparsity, distribution and uncertainty of recorded data make accurate conduction velocity calculation difficult. A wide range of mathematical approaches have been proposed for addressing this challenge, often targeted towards specific data modalities, species or recording environments. Many of these algorithms require identification of activation times from electrogram recordings which themselves may have complex morphology or low signal-to-noise ratio. This paper surveys algorithms designed for identifying local activation times and computing conduction direction and speed. Their suitability for use in different recording contexts and applications is assessed.
Solvability of a Four Point Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem (2017)

In this article a typical four point boundary value problem associated with a second order differential equation is proposed. Then its solution is developed with the help of the Green's function associated with the homogeneous equation. Using this idea and Iteration method is proposed to solve the corresponding non linear problem.
Neuroendocrine perturbations as a cause of insulin resistance (1999)

Insulin resistance is followed by several prevalent diseases. The most common condition with insulin resistance is obesity, particularly when localized to abdominal, visceral regions. A summary of recent reviews on the pathogenesis of systemic insulin resistance indicates that major factors are decreased insulin effects on muscular glycogen synthase or preceding steps in the insulin signalling cascade, on endogenous glucose production and on circulating free fatty acids (FFA) from adipose tissue lipolysis. Contributions of morphologic changes in muscle and other factors are considered more uncertain. Newly developed methodology has made it possible to determine more precisely the neuroendocrine abnormalities in abdominal obesity including increased cortisol and adrenal androgen secretions. This is probably due to a hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, amplified by inefficient feedback inhibition by central glucocorticoid receptors, associated with molecular genetic defects. Secondly, secretion of gender-specific sex steroid hormones becomes inhibited and the sympathetic nervous system activated. At this stage the HPA axis shows signs of a 'burned-out' condition, and cortisol secretion is no longer elevated. Cortisol counteracts the insulin activation of glycogen synthase in muscle, the insulin inhibition of hepatic glucose production and the insulin inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to the well-established systemic insulin resistance caused by excess cortisol. This is exaggerated by increased free fatty acid mobilization, particularly with a concomitant elevation of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, capillarization and fiber composition in muscle are changed. These are the identical perturbations responsible for insulin resistance in recent reviews. The diminished sex steroid secretion in abdominal obesity has the same consequences. It is thus clear that insulin resistance may be induced by neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as those seen in abdominal obesity. These endocrine perturbations also direct excess fat to visceral fat depots via mechanisms that are largely known, indicating why abdominal obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance. This possible background to the most prevalent condition of insulin resistance has been revealed by development of methodology that allows sufficiently sensitive measurements of HPA axis activity. These findings demonstrate the power of neuroendocrine regulations for somatic health.
Cell‐specific caspase expression by different neuronal phenotypes in transient retinal ischemia (2001)

Emerging evidence supports an important role for caspases in neuronal death following ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study assessed whether cell specific caspases participate in neuronal degeneration and whether caspase inhibition provides neuroprotection following transient retinal ischemia. We utilized a model of transient global retinal ischemia. The spatial and temporal pattern of the active forms of caspase 1, 2 and 3 expression was determined in retinal neurons following ischemic injury. Double-labeling with cell-specific markers identified which cells were expressing different caspases. In separate experiments, animals received various caspase inhibitors before the induction of ischemia. Sixty minutes of ischemia resulted in a delayed, selective neuronal death of the inner retinal layers at 7 days. Expression of caspase 1 was not detected at any time point. Maximal expression of caspase 2 was found at 24 h primarily in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina and localized to ganglion and amacrine neurons. Caspase 3 also peaked at 24 h in both the inner nuclear and outer nuclear layers and was predominantly expressed in photoreceptor cells and to a lesser extent in amacrine neurons. The pan caspase inhibitor, Boc-aspartyl fmk, or an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of caspase 2 led to significant histopathologic and functional improvement (electroretinogram) at 7 days. No protection was found with the caspase 1 selective inhibitor, Y-vad fmk. These observations suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury activates different caspases depending on the neuronal phenotype in the retina and caspase inhibition leads to both histologic preservation and functional improvement. Caspases 2 and 3 may act in parallel in amacrine neurons following ischemia-reperfusion. These results in the retina may shed light on differential caspase specificity in global cerebral ischemia.
Classification of Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Profiling as a Component of the Survival Predictor Algorithm (2004)

Our data imply that quantitative laboratory tests measuring expression profiles of a limited set of identified small gene clusters may be useful in stratification of breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis into subgroups with statistically distinct probability of positive outcome after therapy and assisting in selection of optimal treatment strategies. The estimated increase in survival due to the optimization of treatment protocols may reach many thousands of breast cancer survivors every year at the 10-year follow-up check point.
A 128×128-pixel standard-CMOS image sensor with electronic shutter (1996)

A 128/spl times/128-pixel image sensor with a 20 s-10/sup -4/ s electronic shutter has been integrated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology. The pixel cell consists of four PMOS transistors and a photodiode with antiblooming suppression. Each pixel measures 24 /spl mu/m by 24 /spl mu/m and has a fill factor of 25%. Current is used to transfer pixel signals to the column readout amplifiers in order to minimize voltage swings on the highly capacitive column lines. Correlated double sampling is used to reduce intracolumn fixed pattern noise. The saturation voltage is 470 mV. The peak output signal to noise ratio is 45 dB, and the optical dynamic range is 56 dB. The frame transfer rate is 1.7 ms per frame.
Optical properties of embedded metal nanoparticles at low temperatures (2000)

Metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, copper) that are embedded in an insulating organic host material exhibit optical plasma resonance absorption in the visible and near-infrared region. The spectral position, the half width and the intensity of the plasma resonance absorption all depend on the particle size, the particle shape, and the optical behavior of the cluster and the host material. The optical extinction of various gold, silver or copper particle assemblies embedded in plasma polymer or gelatin was measured at 4.2 K and 1.2 K as well as at room temperature. The packing density of several samples was high enough to resolve a reversible increase of the plasma resonance absorption intensity towards lower temperatures. Additionally, at larger silver particles nm a significant blue shift of the plasma resonance absorption was measured. Particle size and shape distribution were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the first time, simultaneous measurements of the electrical and optical properties at one and the same particle assembly were performed at low temperatures. Contrary to the increasing optical extinction, the d.c. conductivity decreased to two orders of magnitude. At silver particles embedded in a plasma polymer made from thiophene a significant photocurrent was measured.
Facilitating consumption of online social networking services on mobile devices (2011)

Mobile social network aggregators, such as Motoblur and Windows Phone 7 People Hub, emerge as a common tool to access online social networking services on mobile devices. There are limited user studies, however, about how people use and perceive these aggregators. In this study, I explore this research field by deploying an innovative mobile social network aggregator named Linked Internet UI, or LinkedUI. It deeply integrates social networking services into the mobile device user interface and recommends new content that is likely to be interesting to the user. The main research question is that of how people use and perceive these designs, and what user practices these designs enable. The supporting research emphasis is on exploring how we apply user-centered design in the era of online social networking services.
Review of cyanoacrylate tissue glues with emphasis on their otorhinolaryngological applications (1984)

Cyanoacrylates were first synthesized by Ardis in 1949. However, it was not until Coover in 1959 discovered their adhesive properties that an interest arose in using these substances in surgical procedures. Over the past two decades the use of cyanoacrylates has been varied and widespread among the surgical specialties. methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910 Monomer), Isobutyl-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate), and 2-cyano-butyl-acrylate (Histoacryl) were the most widely used. Because of its tissue toxicity methyl 2-cyanoacrylate was discarded. The consensus of various investigators was that the higher homologues, in particular Histoacryl could be safely used in human applications. The authors thought it would be important to ascertain how the academic departments of Otolaryngology perceived the role of cyanoacrylates within their specialty. A questionnaire was distributed to 115 academic centers: 47% of the departments responded and, of those, 34% indicated a current working knowledge of the cyanoacrylates. This response confirmed a very active interest in these tissue adhesives despite a lack of F.D.A. approval. The otologic applications of these adhesives has been well documented, but the literature is devoid of studies using cyanoacrylates in other aspects of Otolaryngology. The authors feel that these adhesives (in particular Histoacryl) have a role as an adjunctive technique in facial reconstructive and cosmetic surgery for autogenous cartilage grafting. A study using rabbits was designed to determine if Histoacryl could be used safely to overcome the technical difficulties (graft migration during healing and cartilage fracture during suturing) often encountered when performing autogenous onlay cartilage grafting. On the left ear of each rabbit, a cartilage graft was harvested and reimplanted at a second site on the same ear by suturing the perichondrium of the graft to the perichondrium of the donor site. On the right ear the graft was secured to the donor site with Histoacryl. The histological analysis of the rabbits' ears sacrificed at weekly intervals from 1 week to 1 month failed to demonstrate cartilage damage or tissue toxicity in the ears where Histoacryl was used. In conclusion, the authors contend that a role exists for the use of Histoacryl as an adjunctive technique in facial reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. The study will be continued to assess the long-term results of using Histoacryl for autogenous onlay cartilage grafting.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (2004)

Obesity, with its related problems, is recognized as the fastest growing disease epidemic facing the world, yet we still have limited insight into the regulation of adipose tissue mass in humans. We have previously shown that adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) secrete a factor(s) that increases proliferation of human preadipocytes. We now demonstrate that coculture of human preadipocytes with MVECs significantly increases preadipocyte differentiation, evidenced by dramatically increased triacylglycerol accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity compared with controls. Subsequent analysis identified fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 as an adipogenic factor produced by MVECs. Expression of FGF-1 was demonstrated in MVECs but not in preadipocytes, while preadipocytes were shown to express FGF receptors 1-4. The proliferative effect of MVECs on human preadipocytes was blocked using a neutralizing antibody specific for FGF-1. Pharmacological inhibition of FGF-1 signaling at multiple steps inhibits preadipocyte replication and differentiation, supporting the key adipogenic role of FGF-1. We also show that 3T3-L1 cells, a highly efficient murine model of adipogenesis, express FGF-1 and, unlike human preadipocytes, display no increased differentiation potential in response to exogenous FGF-1. Conversely, FGF-1-treated human preadipocytes proliferate rapidly and differentiate with high efficiency in a manner characteristic of 3T3-L1 cells. We therefore suggest that FGF-1 is a key human adipogenic factor, and these data expand our understanding of human fat tissue growth and have significant potential for development of novel therapeutic strategies in the prevention and management of human obesity.
Analyses of mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry: a feasibility study (2010)

Exhaled breath can provide comprehensive information about the metabolic state of the subject. Breath analysis carried out during animal experiments promises to increase the information obtained from a particular experiment significantly. This feasibility study should demonstrate the potential of ion mobility spectrometry for animal breath analysis, even for mice. In the framework of the feasibility study, an ion mobility spectrometer coupled with a multicapillary column for rapid preseparation was used to analyze the breath of orotracheally intubated spontaneously breathing mice during anesthesia for the very first time. The sampling procedure was validated successfully. Furthermore, the breath of four mice (2 healthy control mice, 2 with allergic airway inflammation) was analyzed. Twelve peaks were identified directly by comparison with a database. Additional mass spectrometric analyses were carried out for validation and for identification of unknown signals. Significantly different patterns of metabolites were detected in healthy mice compared with asthmatic mice, thus demonstrating the feasibility of analyzing mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry. However, further investigations including a higher animal number for validation and identification of unknown signals are needed. Nevertheless, the results of the study demonstrate that the method is capable of rapid analyses of the breath of mice, thus significantly increasing the information obtained from each particular animal experiment.
Mobile virtual private dial-up services (2002)

Virtual private dial-up networking (VPDN) allows mobile users to access their corporate networks through the same infrastructure they use to access the Internet. The data networking industry has produced various protocols — for example, Layer 2 forwarding (L2F) and point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP) — to provide VPDN services. Based on these protocols, a new integrated VPDN protocol, Layer 2 tunneling protocol (L2TP), is currently being designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). However, this solution is only meant to deal with a wired network environment. In this paper, we describe and compare different solutions that extend the wired VPDN service model over the various wireless access network technologies. The first set of solutions uses network-layer protocols such as IETF's mobile Internet protocol (IP) to perform macromobility management. In addition, IETF's secure IP (IPSEC) protocols may be used when security features are desired. The first set of solutions differs from the wired VPDN model only in terms of the location of the home agent (whether it resides in the access provider's network or the corporate network) and the availability of a hierarchical architecture to minimize hand-off latency. The second set of solutions uses both link-layer (for example, L2TP) and network-layer (for example, mobile IP) protocols to perform macromobility management. Some alternatives require the mobile hosts to play a more proactive role — for example, the voluntary tunneling approach. We briefly describe and compare the two sets of alternatives in terms of their flexibility, hand-off latency, and bandwidth overhead.