gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Burkitt Lymphoma in Adults (2008)

This review will begin with a detail of the revision of the WHO classification, and pathological definitions of Burkitt lymphoma. Over the past several years, molecular understanding of Burkitt lymphoma has improved significantly. Using gene expression profiling, a genomic "signature" of Burkitt lymphoma may be identified, that has fidelity beyond c-myc expression, and the presence of the classical t(8;14). Then, evaluation and therapy of the adult patient with Burkitt lymphoma will be reviewed. Relatively few data exist on optimal therapy of the adult patient with Burkitt lymphoma. Principles of therapy should include high doses of alkylating agents, frequent administration of chemotherapy, and attention to central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with high doses of systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal therapy, or both. The outcome of adult patients with Burkitt lymphoma, particularly those over 40 years of age, is inferior to the outcome of younger patients, but may be improving over the past few years. Results from an international collaborative effort, which are helpful in evaluating results of Burkitt lymphoma therapy in adults, will be presented. HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma, and elderly patients with Burkitt lymphoma, comprise special clinical situations that will be also covered in this review.
American Genotype Structures Decrease Dengue Virus Output from Human Monocytes and Dendritic Cells (2003)

The dengue virus type 2 structures probably involved in human virulence were previously defined by sequencing the complete genome of both American and Southeast (SE) Asian genotype templates in patient serum (K. C. Leitmeyer et al., J. Virol. 73:4738-4747, 1999). We have now evaluated the effects of introducing a mutation in the envelope glycoprotein (E) gene and/or replacement of 5'- and 3'-nontranslated regions on dengue virus replication in human primary cell cultures. A series of chimeric infectious clones were generated containing different combinations of American and SE Asian genotype sequences. Some of the chimeric viruses had altered plaque morphology in mammalian cells; however, they replicated at similar rates in mosquito cells as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and plaque assay. Although susceptibility to virus infection varied from donor to donor in experiments using human macrophage and dendritic cells, we were able to measure consistent differences in viral RNA output per infected cell. Using this measurement, we demonstrated that the chimeric virus containing the E mutation had a lower virus output compared to the parental infectious clone. A larger reduction in virus output was observed for the triple mutant and the wild-type, American genotype virus from which chimeric inserts were derived. It appears that the three changes function synergistically, although the E mutation alone gives a lower output compared to the 5'- and 3'-terminal mutations. The data suggest that these changes may be responsible for decreased dengue virus replication in human target cells and for virulence characteristics during infection.
Generation and degradation of human endostatin proteins by various proteinases (2000)

The angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin is a fragment of the NC1 domain of collagen XVIII. The generation of endostatin has been investigated only in murine hemangioendothelioma cell cultures and was ascribed to cathepsin L. Distinct endostatin-like fragments were detected in human tissues and serum. To identify proteinases able to generate such fragments, we incubated human NC1 with proteinases of all classes, including cathepsin L. Eleven out of 12 generate fragments with an N-terminus within the same 15 residue stretch as those occurring physiologically, indicating that this region is sensitive to many proteinases. None correspond to mouse endostatin. However, the efficiencies of these proteinases differed markedly. Some proteinases also proved to degrade endostatin, pointing to another regulatory loop of angiogenesis.
Data compression of scanned halftone images (1994)

A new method for coding scanned halftone images is proposed. It is information-lossy, but still preserving the image quality, compression rates of 16-35 have been achieved for a typical test image scanned on a high resolution scanner. The bi-level halftone images are filtered, in phase with the halftone grid, and converted to a gray level representation. A new digital description of (halftone) grids has been developed for this purpose. The gray level values are coded according to a scheme based on states derived from a segmentation of gray values. To enable real-time processing of high resolution scanner output, the coding has been parallelized and implemented on a transputer system. For comparison, the test image was coded using existing (lossless) methods giving compression rates of 2-7. The best of these, a combination of predictive and binary arithmetic coding was modified and optimized achieving a compression rate of 9.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design Research: Transforming Urban Landscape (2013)

본 논문은 서울시 관악구 도림천 수계영역 안에 잠재적으로 살기좋은 도시경관 회복을 보고한 디자인 연구이다. 변형되는 도시경관 구조체계는 랜드스케이프 어바니즘과 ‘변형되는 경계’ 이론을 통하여 현재의 지역프로그램들이 변화되어 새로운 이용과 다양한 도시 프로그램들이 가능하게 실험되었다: 경관은 지속적으로 변화하는 과정이다. 중요한 부분은 녹색 인프라와 장기적인계획하에서의 계획적 이동인 역동적 맵핑이다. 계획적 이동의 배열형태와 방향은 현재의 토지이용 배치를 반영하여 보다 최적화 되고, 논리정연한 배치가 개념적으로 이루어 졌다. 비록 열린 개념과 지속적인 과정이 중요한 결론으로 남아있다 하더라도, 특정지역 네 곳의 대상지 설계 또한 탐구되었다.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization under the Action of Microwaves of D‐Saccharic Acid to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Managing Communicative Intentions in Dialogue using a Collaborative (2002)

In order to understand natural language, it is necessary to understand the intentions behind it, (i.e., why an utterance was spoken). We model dialogue as collaboration between agents. Communicative intentions can then be seen as how an agent is trying to affect the collaboration. Most previous work on intention-recognition approaches to dialogue has focused on only a small subset of agent collaboration paradigms (i.e., master-slave), and thus is unable to account for dialogues in other paradigms, such as mixed-initiative collaboration. Previous work has also either modeled dialogues where the agents are only planning or dialogues where agents are only acting. This restricts dialogue-model coverage to only those cases and does not model dialogues where collaboration about acting and planning occurs. .pp In this paper, we present a collaborative problem-solving model of dialogue. This model is able to account for a much wider array of dialogues than previous models have covered. It covers the spectrum of collaboration paradigms (from master-slave to mixed-initiative) as well as dialogues where interleaved acting and planning are taking place. .pp We propose, for future research, to complete this model and to build a domain-independent intention-recognition system based on it for use within the TRIPS dialogue system.
Overexpression of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Prevents Ceramide Accumulation and Ameliorates Muscle Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice (2012)

The sphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide are important bioactive lipids with many cellular effects. Intracellular ceramide accumulation causes insulin resistance, but sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) prevents ceramide accumulation, in part, by promoting its metabolism into S1P. Despite this, the role of SphK1 in regulating insulin action has been largely overlooked. Transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress SphK1 were fed a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks before undergoing several metabolic analyses. SphK1 Tg mice fed an HFD displayed increased SphK activity in skeletal muscle, which was associated with an attenuated intramuscular ceramide accumulation compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. This was associated with a concomitant reduction in the phosphorylation of c-jun amino-terminal kinase, a serine threonine kinase associated with insulin resistance. Accordingly, skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity were improved in SphK1 Tg, compared with WT mice, when fed an HFD. We have identified that the enzyme SphK1 is an important regulator of lipid partitioning and insulin action in skeletal muscle under conditions of increased lipid supply.
[CD47 and leukemia stem cells]. (2010)

CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP), is an immunoglobulin-like protein. It can inhibit the phagocytosis of macrophages through binding with signal-regulatory protein alpha chain of inhibitory receptor on macrophage (SIRPα). The expression of CD47 on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is useful for maintaining the stability of HSCs in body, but the high expression of CD47 existed on leukemia stem cell (LSCs) of AML patients which can reduce the macrophage-induced phagocytosis to LSCs and decrease the clearance of innate immune system of organism to LSCs. In this article, the expression and function of CD47 on HSCs and LSCs as well as the role of CD47 in the prognosis and target therapy of AML are reviewed.
Conditional Models of Identity Uncertainty with Application to Noun Coreference (2004)

Coreference analysis, also known as record linkage or identity uncer-tainty, is a difficult and important problem in natural language process-ing, databases, citation matching and many other tasks. This paper intro-duces several discriminative, conditional-probability models for coref-erence analysis, all examples of undirected graphical models. Unlike many historical approaches to coreference, the models presented here are relational—they do not assume that pairwise coreference decisions should be made independently from each other. Unlike other relational models of coreference that are generative, the conditional model here can incorporate a great variety of features of the input without having to be concerned about their dependencies—paralleling the advantages of con-ditional random fields over hidden Markov models. We present positive results on noun phrase coreference in two standard text data sets. 1
Targeted Degradation of KRAS by an Engineered Ubiquitin Ligase Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

KRAS is an attractive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapeutic target. E3 ligase is thought to be the component of the ubiquitin conjugation system that is directly responsible for substrate recognition. In this study, an engineered E3 ubiquitin ligase (RC-U) was generated to target the KRAS oncoprotein for ubiquitination and degradation. The engineered E3 ubiquitin ligases (RC-U) were constructed (pRC-U and lentivirus-expressing RC-U). After transfecting the pRC-U plasmid into human pancreatic cancer cells, KRAS expression levels were determined. KRAS expression was also evaluated in cells transfected with pRC-U and treated with MG-132 or cycloheximide. Interactions between RC-U and KRAS as well as whether RC-U could ubiquitinate KRAS were investigated. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK1/2) levels were examined in pancreatic cancer cells transfected with pRC-U. The effects of RC-U on pancreatic cancer cell growth were assessed. RC-U decreased KRAS protein levels. After pRC-U transfection, KRAS stability was increased in the presence of MG-132. HEK 293T cells were transfected with a mutant KRAS construct together with pRC-U and incubated with cycloheximide to inhibit new protein synthesis. The exogenous mutant KRAS oncoprotein was degraded more quickly. RC-U can bind KRAS and KRAS can be ubiquitinated by RC-U. pERK1/2 protein levels were decreased. RC-U resulted in reduced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. KRAS destruction by RC-U occurred through a ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation pathway. RC-U inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
Bortezomib for the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2007)

Bortezomib received regular approval for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma in relapse after prior therapy.
Macromolecular Sieving by the Dormant Spore of Bacillus cereus (1971)

The threshold surface porosity in the dormant spore of Bacillus cereus strain T was assessed by measuring passive permeabilities to a series of polydisperse polyethylene glycol samples which increased in average molecular size. The apparent exclusion threshold at diffusional equilibrium corresponded to a polymer of number-average molecular weight ( M(n)) = 150,000 and equivalent hydrodynamic radius ( r(ES)) = 16 nm, which confirmed a previous report. However, analytical gel chromatography before and after uptake by the spores revealed that only the low molecular weight fractions in a polymer sample distribution were taken up. From graphical analyses of the changes in molecular weight distributions, a quasi-monodisperse exclusion threshold was determined corresponding to M(n) = 8,000 and r(ES) = 3.2 nm. Thus, the equivalent porosity in the limiting outer integument appeared much more restrictive than heretofore shown for spores, although still more open than the monodisperse equivalent for the cell wall of vegetative bacilli.
A low-voltage, high-power T/R-switch MMIC using LC resonators (1995)

A novel T/R switch is proposed for high-power/low-distortion operation at a low control voltage. LC-resonant switches composed of inductors, capacitors, and switch FET's are incorporated in TX and RX arms to provide a reverse control scheme that removes the rf-voltage limitation in the transmit mode, A 1.9-GHz LC-resonant T/R switch MMIC with a total FET periphery of 3.36 mm exhibits 3rd IMR less than -40 dB for an input power up to 31 dBm when controlled at a V/-2 V. This MMIC occupies an area as small as less than 2/spl times/2 mm, This will make it possible to implement advanced T/R-switches at PCS and ISM frequencies below 5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endemic african kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with immunodeficiency (1985)

Twenty-seven histologically confirmed Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients resident in the Kivu Lake area of eastern Zaire were examined for immune competence. Only KS cases of the endemic African type have been observed in this high-incidence area. The median duration of the symptoms was 6 years and ranged from 1 to 38 years. Forty-one controls matched for age, sex and tribe and unrelated to the KS patients were selected from the community. Thirteen additional controls were first-degree relatives of the KS patients. No evidence of immune suppression among KS patients was found and there were no significant differences in the immune status between KS patients and controls. Total lymphocytes, B and T cells, and OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells varied within the normal range. Grouping of the KS patients in categories according to duration and disease extent did not reveal significant differences in their immune status. The number of KS patients reacting positively in a skin test to 5 recall antigens and I mitogen was similar to that of controls, except in the case of candidin, to which a higher number of KS patients were negative. The serum levels of immunoglobulins, complement factors and circulating immune complexes were comparable in KS patients and controls. Indicators of inflammatory processes [white blood cells (WBC), complement-reactive protein (CRP)] were positive in 27% of the KS patients. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis were similar in KS patients and in controls.
Digital imaging sensor identification (further study) (2007)

In this paper, we revisit the problem of digital camera sensor identification using photo-response non-uniformity noise (PRNU). Considering the identification task as a joint estimation and detection problem, we use a simplified model for the sensor output and then derive a Maximum Likelihood estimator of the PRNU. The model is also used to design optimal test statistics for detection of PRNU in a specific image. To estimate unknown shaping factors and determine the distribution of the test statistics for the image-camera match, we construct a predictor of the test statistics on small image blocks. This enables us to obtain conservative estimates of false rejection rates for each image under Neyman- Pearson testing. We also point out a few pitfalls in camera identification using PRNU and ways to overcome them by preprocessing the estimated PRNU before identification.
A New Bioartificial Liver Using Porcine Hepatocyte Spheroids in High-Cell-Density Suspension Perfusion Culture: In Vitro Performance in Synthesized Culture Medium and in 100% Human Plasma (1999)

A prototype of a bioartificial liver (BAL) based on suspension perfusion culture of porcine hepatocyte spheroids was developed at 150 ml scale. About 2% (4 x 10(9) cells) of whole human liver cells was immobilized. The cell density in the bioreactor was 2.7 x 10(7) cells/ml, which was almost comparable to that of presently developed packed-bed-type BALs. The bioreactor was perfused with culture medium while retaining spheroids. This was done using a rotating stainless filter (pore size 50 microm). In vitro 8-h perfusion experiments utilizing both synthesized culture medium and 100% human plasma demonstrated the spheroids in the bioreactor had almost the same functions on a unit/cell basis as those in small-scale rotational culture. This indicated that the functional deterioration often associated with scaling up had been minimized. Rapid spheroid aggregation and dysfunction in specific human plasma pool must be eliminated before clinical application, although this phenomenon seemed to be inherent to porcine hepatocyte-based BALs. This prototype shows promise in meeting present clinical demands by achieving maximal metabolic activities even in the short term.
Physically based rigging for deformable characters (2005)

In this paper we introduce a framework for instrumenting ("rigging") characters that are modeled as dynamic elastic bodies, so that their shapes can be controlled by an animator. Because the shape of such a character is determined by physical dynamics, the rigging system cannot simply dictate the shape as in traditional animation. For this reason, we introduce forces as the building blocks of rigging. Rigging forces guide the shape of the character, but are combined with other forces during simulation. Forces have other desirable features: they can be combined easily and simulated at any resolution, and since they are not tightly coupled with the surface geometry, they can be more easily transferred from one model to another. Our framework includes a new pose-dependent linearization scheme for elastic dynamics, which ensures a correspondence between forces and deformations, and at the same time produces plausible results at interactive speeds. We also introduce a novel method of handling collisions around creases.
Viral and Plasmid Transduction Systems: Methods to Modify Immune Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy (2011)

Immunotherapy is a treatment that utilizes the human immune system to reject diseases. It is a promising alternative method for inoperable cancer and also an attractive postoperative treatment possibly in conjunction with traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. One idea is to extract immune cells from the patient, modify them as a drug or a vehicle for drug delivery, and give them back to the patient. Thus, the severe side-effect caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy can possibly be avoided.
Chemie und Biologie der Epothilone (1998)

Nur wenige Monate nach Veröffentlichung der absoluten Konfiguration von Epothilon A (siehe rechts, R=H) und B (R=Me) wurden bereits die ersten Totalsynthesen dieser Naturstoffe beschrieben. Sie zogen schon zuvor wegen ihrer starken cytostatischen Eigenschaften viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich, wobei ihr Wirkungsmechanismus dem von Taxol ähnelt. Neben der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Totalsynthesen und biologischen Eigenschaften der natürlichen Epothilone A–E bietet der Aufatz von Nicolaou et al. auch eine systematische Übersicht über zahlreiche Epothilon-Analoga, die in den Regionen A–D modifiziert wurden, um Erkenntnisse über Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen zu erhalten.
CRM197: Effects of intravenous administration to advanced cancer patients. (2004)

3803 CRM197 is a nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (DT) that shares the immunologic property of the native molecule and its ability to bind to heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), the specific cell-membrane receptor for DT. HB-EGF is often overexpressed in cancer, a condition that may allow CRM197 to bind preferentially to tumor cells. CRM197 behaves as a powerful inflammatory-immunogenic agent. Moreover, its binding to HB-EGF results in inhibition of the strong mitogenic activity of this growth factor. In the last years, we tested the potential antitumor activity of CRM197 in advanced cancer patients. The product was administered by subcutaneous (s.c.) imjections. However, for patients with humoral immunity to DT, the s.c. route allowed only a partial absorption of CRM197 into the bloodstream being the molecule largely neutralized by specific antibodies in the injection sites. To prevent this waste of the product, we recently started a new trial based on a 10-min intravenous infusion of CRM197 to advanced cancer patients refractory or not amenable to standard therapies. The mutant toxin was diluted to a concentration of 432 μg/ml in a sterilized solution buffer (10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) containing 10% sucrose as stabilizer and was delivered to patients on 6 alternate days. Three different doses were used (1.7, 2.6, or 3.5 mg/day) according to the preexistent level of immunity against DT of the subjects (serum antibodies 0.01 IU/ml, or > 0.01 IU/ml and delayed type hypersensitivity [HDT] to DT, respectively). So far, 8 patients entered the study. After the first infusion, most patients had a marked increase in the number of circulating neutrophils (from 50 to 300%) and in serum TNF-α. Toxicities were fatigue and hypotension for patients with no immunity to DT or with humoral immunity only. Patients with humoral immunity and DTH had a delayed flu-like syndrome with fever. This side-effect was from moderate to severe (fever from 37°.5 to 40° C) and its start had a shorter lag than that previously observed for patients treated by the s.c. route (4–6 h from the infusion). Neither changes in biochemistry parameters nor anaphylactic or autoimmune phenomena were detected. One patient with a brain metastasis of a carcinoma of the mouth sizing 0.8 cm in diameter had a complete response still ongoing after 4 months. One patient with a lung carcinoma had a partial response lasting 2 months and 2 with liver metastases of colon carcinoma had stable disease lasting 4 and 5 months, respectively. The results suggest that CRM197 can be administered by intravenous infusion with tolerable toxicities and that the molecule has antitumor property.
Hydrocarbon Microtremors Interpreted as Oscillations Driven by Oceanic Background Waves (2006)

Hydrocarbon Microtremor Analysis (HyMAS) is an innovative technology for identifying the presence of hydrocarbon containing geological structures by analyzing low frequency background wave signals. A possible interpretation of this reproducibly observable phenomenon is the excitation of hydrocarbon related resonances. Synthetic spectra produced by basic linear and non-linear one-dimensional models of an oscillating liquid filled porous medium show characteristic features of measured HyMAS spectra when oceanic background waves around 0.1-0.2Hz are assumed to be the external driving force.