gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 fatty acids and major depression: A primer for the mental health professional (2004)

Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in the development and function of the central nervous system. Emerging research is establishing an association between omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) and major depressive disorder. Evidence from epidemiological, laboratory and clinical studies suggest that dietary lipids and other associated nutritional factors may influence vulnerability and outcome in depressive disorders. Research in this area is growing at a rapid pace. The goal of this report is to integrate various branches of research in order to update mental health professionals.
The Kinetics of L-selectin Tethers and the Mechanics of Selectin-mediated Rolling (1997)

Two mechanisms have been proposed for regulating rolling velocities on selectins. These are (a) the intrinsic kinetics of bond dissociation, and (b) the reactive compliance, i.e., the susceptibility of the bond dissociation reaction to applied force. To determine which of these mechanisms explains the 7.5-11.5-fold faster rolling of leukocytes on L-selectin than on E- and P-selectins, we have compared the three selectins by examining the dissociation of transient tethers. We find that the intrinsic kinetics for tether bond dissociation are 7-10-fold more rapid for L-selectin than for E- and P-selectins, and are proportional to the rolling velocities through these selectins. The durations of pauses during rolling correspond to the duration of transient tethers on low density substrates. Moreover, applied force increases dissociation kinetics less for L-selectin than for E- and P-selectins, demonstrating that reactive compliance is not responsible for the faster rolling through L-selectin. Further measurements provide a biochemical and biophysical framework for understanding the molecular basis of rolling. Displacements of tethered cells during flow reversal, and measurements of the distance between successive pauses during rolling provide estimates of the length of a tether and the length of the adhesive contact zone, and suggest that rolling occurs with as few as two tethers per contact zone. Tether bond lifetime is an exponential function of the force on the bond, and the upper limit for the tether bond spring constant is of the same order of magnitude as the estimated elastic spring constant of the lectin-EGF unit. Shear uniquely enhances the rate of L-selectin transient tether formation, and conversion of tethers to rolling adhesions, providing further understanding of the shear threshold requirement for rolling through L-selectin.
Nonmagnetic semiconductor spin transistor (2003)

We propose a spin transistor using only nonmagnetic materials that exploits the characteristics of bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) in (110) symmetric quantum wells. We show that extremely large spin splittings due to BIA are possible in (110) InAs/GaSb/AlSb heterostructures, which together with the enhanced spin decay times in (110) quantum wells demonstrates the potential for exploitation of BIA effects in semiconductor spintronics devices. Spin injection and detection is achieved using spin-dependent resonant interband tunneling and spin transistor action is realized through control of the electron spin lifetime in an InAs lateral transport channel using an applied electric field (Rashba effect). This device may also be used as a spin valve, or a magnetic field sensor.
Antitumor T-cell Reconditioning: Improving Metabolic Fitness for Optimal Cancer Immunotherapy (2018)

With the rapid rise of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, attention has focused on gaining a better understanding of T-cell biology in the tumor microenvironment. Elucidating the factors underlying changes in their function will allow for the development of new therapeutic strategies that could expand the patient population benefiting from immunotherapy, as well as circumvent therapy resistance. Cancers go beyond avoiding immune recognition and inducing T-cell dysfunction through coinhibitory molecules. Recent work has demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment elicits metabolic changes in T cells that dampen their ability to respond and that manipulating these metabolic changes can strengthen an antitumor immune response. Here we review the metabolic status of various types of T cells, the energetic state of the tumor microenvironment, and proposed modalities for improvement of immunotherapy through metabolic remodeling. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2473-81. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Proteins and Bacteria in Aqueous Solution Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Optical Fibers (2011)

We report the detection of the proteins lysozyme and cytochrome c as well as the live bacterial cells of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in aqueous solutions with sensitivities order(s) of magnitude higher than those previously reported. Two highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors using optical fibers have been employed for such label-free macromolecule detections. The first sensor is based on a tip-coated multimode fiber (TCMMF) with a double-substrate "sandwich" structure, and a detection limit of 0.2 μg/mL is achieved in protein detections. The second sensor is based on a liquid core photonic crystal fiber (LCPCF) with a better confinement of light inside the fiber core, and a detection limit of 10(6) cells/mL is achieved for the bacteria detection. Both SERS biosensors show great potential for highly sensitive and molecule-specific detection and identification of biomolecules.
Current Concepts on Antiplatelet Therapy: Focus on the Novel Thienopyridine and Non-Thienopyridine Agents (2010)

Thienopyridines are a class of drug targeting the platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 2 receptor. They significantly reduce platelet activity and are therefore clinically beneficial in settings where platelet activation is a key pathophysiological feature, particularly myocardial infarction. Ticlopidine, the first of the class introduced to clinical practice, was soon challenged and almost completely replaced by clopidogrel for its better tolerability. More recently, prasugrel and ticagrelor have been shown to provide a more powerful antiplatelet action compared to clopidogrel but at a cost of higher risk of bleeding complications. Cangrelor, a molecule very similar to ticagrelor, is currently being evaluated against clopidogrel. Considering the key balance of ischemic protection and bleeding risk, this paper discusses the background to the development of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and cangrelor and aims to characterise their risk-benefit profile and possible implementation in daily practice.
Imposed work of breathing and methods of triggering a demand-flow, continuous positive airway pressure system (1993)

An endotracheal tube is a resistor in the breathing apparatus over which a pressure decrease must be developed by the patient in order to inhale spontaneously. An endotracheal tube, therefore, imposes substantial resistance and work. The results indicate that the pressure measuring/triggering site for a ventilator's demand-flow system should be at the tracheal or carinal end of an endotracheal tube so as to effectively decrease the resistance of the endotracheal tube, thus, decreasing the patient's work of breathing.
Cyclosporin depolarizes human lymphocytes: earliest observed effect on cell metabolism (1987)

Cyclosporin A (CsA) produced dose-dependent membrane depolarization of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The phenomenon was investigated applying the membrane potential probe dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide in a flow cytometer in combination with ionophores, hormones and monoclonal antibodies binding to different subclasses of lymphocytes and the anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody. Human interferon-gamma abolished the depolarizing effect of cyclosporin on lymphocytes. Interleukin 2 caused depolarization and also enhanced the effect of CsA. OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies slightly hindered depolarization by CsA while OKT3, OKT11 and OKIa1 antibodies had no such effect. Valinomycin decreased CsA's effect on the membrane potential while the ionophore A-23187 and ionomycin caused depolarizations that were additive with CsA's. CsA treatment released the isotope from 42K-loaded human lymphocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. CsA addition increased intracellular calcium content. CsA decreased the motional freedom of a spin probe in the membrane, but did not hinder the binding of fluoresceinated antibodies to the cell surface. These results suggest immediate alteration in membrane structure upon CsA treatment, causing potassium leakage and calcium ion uptake. These are the earliest detected effects of CsA on cells so far.
A68: a Major Subunit of Paired Helical Filaments and Derivatized Forms of Normal Tau (1991)

Putative Alzheimer disease (AD)-specific proteins (A68) were purified to homogeneity and shown to be major subunits of one form of paired helical filaments (PHFs). The amino acid sequence and immunological data indicate that the backbone of A68 is indistinguishable from that of the protein tau (tau), but A68 could be distinguished from normal human tau by the degree to which A68 was phosphorylated and by the specific residues in A68 that served as phosphate acceptors. The larger apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of A68, compared to normal human tau, was attributed to abnormal phosphorylation of A68 because enzymatic dephosphorylation of A68 reduced its Mr to close to that of normal tau. Moreover, the LysSerProVal motif in normal human tau appeared to be an abnormal phosphorylation site in A68 because the Ser in this motif was a phosphate acceptor site in A68, but not in normal human tau. Thus, the major subunits of a class of PHFs are A68 proteins and the excessive or inappropriate phosphorylation of normal tau may change its apparent Mr, thus transforming tau into A68.
Comparison of Analytical Platforms for Cerebrospinal Fluid Measures of β-Amyloid 1-42, Total tau, and P-tau181 for Identifying Alzheimer Disease Amyloid Plaque Pathology (2011)

The INNOTEST and INNO-BIA CSF platforms perform equally well in identifying individuals with underlying amyloid plaque pathology. Differences in absolute values, however, point to the need for assay-specific diagnostic cutoff values.
PURE SILICA SINGLE-MODE FIBRE WITH HEXAGONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CLADDING (1996)

Pure silica fibres supporting guided modes were first investigated in the 1970's, the aim being to achieve low transmission losses. The huge success of chemical vapour deposition in producing extremely low loss fibre has largely superseded this early technology. We have recently revisited it in the context of photonic crystals, and report here the realisation of a new kind of pure silica microstructured optical fibre which supports a robust single mode. Photonic crystals are periodically microstructured materials with a pitch on the scale of the optical wavelength. They have recently been the subject of much interest because of their unusual optical properties, including their ability to support a full photonic band gap. Several research teams have reported fabricating two-dimensional photonic crystal material out of glasses using selective etching processes. However, such a fabrication process results in samples of at most a few millimetres in the third dimension. The photonic crystal fibre described here is formed by creating a hexagonal silica/air preform (including a deliberate defect to guide light) on a macroscopic scale and then reducing its size by several orders of magnitude by pulling it into an optical fibre (see Fig 1).
Eliminating Xenoantigen Expression on Swine RBC (2016)

Xenoantigenicity of swine RBC can be eliminated via gene disruption. These results suggest that the gene knockout approach may be able reduce antigenicity in other pig tissues to levels that enable the xenotransplantation humoral barrier to be overcome.
Dengue 1 Diversity and Microevolution, French Polynesia 2001–2006: Connection with Epidemiology and Clinics (2009)

First, this study showed that DENV-1 epidemiology in FP was different from that described in other South-Pacific islands, characterized by a long sustained viral circulation and the absence of new viral introduction over a 6-year period. Second, a significant part of DENV-1 evolution was observed during the endemic period characterized by the rapid fixation of S222T in the envelope protein that may reflect genetic drift or adaptation to the mosquito vector. Third, for the first time, it is suggested that clinical outcome may be correlated with intra-host genetic diversity.
Studies of the adjuvant-independent antibody response to immunotargeting. Target structure dependence, isotype distribution, and induction of long term memory. (1993)

Immunoconjugates composed of avidin linked to biotinylated antibodies specific for different surface determinants on cells of the immune system were evaluated for their ability to induce adjuvant-independent anti-avidin IgG responses in mice. Previously, we demonstrated that allele-specific murine anti-class II MHC-avidin immunoconjugates were immunogenic in mice bearing the appropriate haplotype. Herein we report the immunotargeting potential of heterologous anti-class II MHC antibodies specific for framework determinants, and extend the range of effective targets to include certain non-MHC structures present on APC (e.g., 33D1 on dendritic cells, 14.8 on B cells, and CD45--the leukocyte common antigen). However, antibodies with other specificities (e.g., leukocyte integrins and some macrophage markers) were not effective targeting vehicles. Surprisingly, immunoconjugates specific for CD3 and CD4 were immunogenic. The isotype distribution of the anti-avidin antibody response induced in mice by immunotargeting to class II MHC or 33D1 was similar to that induced by immunization with Ag emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Most of the antibody induced was IgG1 (65-75%), but a significant proportion was IgG2a (20-30%). We also demonstrate that immunotargeting is able to prime for long-term immunologic memory in mice.
Synthesis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests on Conducting Metal Foils (2006)

Here, we report a highly efficient growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) on conducting metal foils. We found that foils made of Ni-based alloys with Cr or Fe serve as excellent substrates for SWNT (DWNT) synthesis. In significant contrast, a CNT grown on Ni, Fe foils contains a significant ratio of MWNTs. This result opens up an economical route for the mass production of SWNT (DWNT) forests and also enables the straightforward integration of CNTs into nanoelectronic devices, such as field emission displays.
<title>Tracking interval changes of pulmonary nodules using a sequence of three-dimensional thoracic images</title> (2000)

We are developing a computerized approach to characterize pulmonary nodules through quantitative analysis between sequential 3-D thoracic images. In this approach the registration procedure of sequential 3-D pulmonary images consisted of two transformation steps: the rigid transformation step between two sequential 3-D thoracic CT images and the affine transformation step between two sequential region-of-interest (ROI) images including the pulmonary nodule. In both transformation step, the normalized mutual information was used as a voxel-based similarity measure. After the registration procedure, the 3-D pulmonary nodule image was segmented from the ROI image by a deformable surface method. The curvatures of each voxel in the nodule were computed directly from the gray-level 3-D image. Through curvatures a local description of the lesion was obtained by using shape index, curvedness, and CT value. Based on this local description of the nodule, the evolution of geometrical parameters was tracked through the time interval. Additionally, to characterize globally the evolution of the local description, the shape and the curvedness spectra were introduced. The interval changes of the lesion were traced in the feature spaces. The application results of our method to the sequence of 3-D thoracic images demonstrated that the interval changes of pulmonary nodules could be made visible.
Anaerobic threshold (1985)

The concentration of lactate in the blood is the result of (1) those processes which produce lactate and contribute to its appearance in the blood and (2) those processes which catabolize lactate after its removal from the blood. Consequently, the concentration of lactate in the blood provides minimal information about the rate of lactate production in muscle. The accumulation of lactate beyond the lactate threshold [T(lact)] does provide an indication that the mechanisms of lactate removal fail to keep pace with lactate production. Lactate is produced in skeletal muscle as a direct result of increased metabolic rate and glycolytic carbon flow. Factors which influence lactate production in muscle include: the Vmax of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which is several times greater than the combined activities of enzymes which provide alternative pathways of pyruvate metabolism; the kM of LDH for pyruvate, which is sufficiently low to assure maximal stimulation of LDH in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate; and the K'eq of pyruvate to lactate conversion, which exceeds 1000. Recent studies on dog gracilis muscle in situ clearly indicate that lactate production occurs in contracting pure red muscle for reasons other than an O2 limitation on mitochondrial ATP production. In addition to failure of the essential assumption of the anaerobic threshold [T(an)] hypothesis that there exist limitations on O2 availability in muscles of healthy individuals during submaximal exercise, several groups of investigators have produced results which indicate that parameters associated with changes in pulmonary minute ventilation [i.e., the ventilatory threshold, T(vent)] do not always track changes in blood lactate concentration. Therefore, the T(an) hypothesis fails on the bases of theory and prediction. A series of kinetic tracer experiments to better understand lactate kinetics during exercise is proposed.
Designing communication for diversity in a horizontal individualist culture (2003)

[Extract]: This paper draws together the tragedy of the Twin Towers and the Bali bombing with a consideration of how individualism and collectivism are played out in dealing with crisis situations and endemic social problems, to a view of government and individuals and how notions of agentic and communal attitudes are expressed in advertising and workplace relationships and promotions. For some Communication scholars, there is the hope that our academic work can be focused upon our interactions with one another and our world. In order to add SWB to our lives in the community and the world, we need to look at the Communication curriculum to see how we integrate the technical with the human, to see how we can use theory to examine the assumptions of the agentic. We need to look at how Communication takes its place in the examination of the political process and advertising and at how Communication courses are responding to the challenge of providing an education in the human and the political to future journalists, advertisers, media and public relations practitioners, and corporate and organisational communicators.
Influence of aortic compliance on coronary blood flow. (1984)

The influence of a change in aortic compliance on the systolic/diastolic filling of the coronary vascular system was investigated in a canine heart-lung preparation. Changes in compliance were produced by opening and closing a Windkessel attached to the ascending aorta and a reservoir system. The percentage of total coronary flow occurring during systolic ejection increased significantly with a decrease in aortic compliance, whereas isovolumetric and diastolic coronary flow decreased. These effects were also present when cardiac work was changed by altering either afterload or bypass flow. The hypothesis was also tested in whole animal experiments in which left circumflex coronary flow was divided into systolic and diastolic components while the ascending aorta was partially constricted. A similar increase in the proportion of systolic flow was seen even at the same total circumflex flow, cardiac output, heart rate, and mean aortic pressure levels. It is suggested that this finding may have important implications in human disease.
Factors Determining the Glucose Sensitivity and Glucose Responsiveness of Pancreatic Beta Cells (1996)

Functional, metabolic and molecular studies using purified beta cells (beta-cell have contributed to our understanding how insulin synthesis and release at regulated by glucose. Individual rat islet beta-cells are heterogeneous in the threshold sensitivity to glucose, so that the physiological graded glucose induced response of the pancreatic beta-cell population can be explained--at least in part--by dose-dependent recruitment of cells. beta-Cell threshold sensitivity to glucose is correlated to glucokinase gene expression rather than glucose transport, reinforcing the concept that glucokinase is directly involved in beta-cell glucose sensing. This idea is further supported by observing major species differences in islet GLUT2 expression, whereas islet cell glucokinase expression and function are strongly conserved. Studies on pure rat beta-cell have also shown that cyclic AMP acts--in addition to its well-known potentiator function of glucose-induced insulin release--as a competence factor which is absolutely required for normal beta-cell responsiveness to glucose. Intraislet glucagon appears to be a paracrine regulator of cyclic AMP production in vitro, but this signalling pathway can be an artifact of the islet isolation procedure. In rat beta-cells, expression and functional activity can be demonstrated on receptors recognising glucagon, glucagon-like peptide I and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. Whether this diversity in signalling reflects another form of beta-cell heterogeneity, functional complementation or biological redundancy, remains to be investigated.