gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AEG: Automatic Exploit Generation (2018)

The automatic exploit generation challenge is given a program, automatically find vulnerabilities and generate exploits for them. In this paper we present AEG, the first end-to-end system for fully automatic exploit generation. We used AEG to analyze 14 open-source projects and successfully generated 16 control flow hijacking exploits. Two of the generated exploits (expect-5.43 and htget-0.93) are zero-day exploits against unknown vulnerabilities. Our contributions are: 1) we show how exploit generation for control flow hijack attacks can be modeled as a formal verification problem, 2) we propose preconditioned symbolic execution, a novel technique for targeting symbolic execution, 3) we present a general approach for generating working exploits once a bug is found, and 4) we build the first end-to-end system that automatically finds vulnerabilities and generates exploits that produce a shell.
Computerized microfluidic cell culture using elastomeric channels and Braille displays (2004)

Computer-controlled microfluidics would advance many types of cellular assays and microscale tissue engineering studies wherever spatiotemporal changes in fluidics need to be defined. However, this goal has been elusive because of the limited availability of integrated, programmable pumps and valves. This paper demonstrates how a refreshable Braille display, with its grid of 320 vertically moving pins, can power integrated pumps and valves through localized deformations of channel networks within elastic silicone rubber. The resulting computerized fluidic control is able to switch among: (i) rapid and efficient mixing between streams, (ii) multiple laminar flows with minimal mixing between streams, and (iii) segmented plug-flow of immiscible fluids within the same channel architecture. The same control method is used to precisely seed cells, compartmentalize them into distinct subpopulations through channel reconfiguration, and culture each cell subpopulation for up to 3 weeks under perfusion. These reliable microscale cell cultures showed gradients of cellular behavior from C2C12 myoblasts along channel lengths, as well as differences in cell density of undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiation patterns, both programmable through different flow rates of serum-containing media. This technology will allow future microscale tissue or cell studies to be more accessible, especially for high-throughput, complex, and long-term experiments. The microfluidic actuation method described is versatile and computer programmable, yet simple, well packaged, and portable enough for personal use.
Behaviour-based control: examples from navigation, learning, and group behaviour (1997)

Abstract This paper describes the main properties of behaviour-based approaches to control. Different approaches to designing and using behaviours as basic units for control, representation, and learning are illustrated on three empirical examples of robots performing navigation and path-finding, group behaviours, and learning behaviour selection.
Nuclear Transplantation in Early Pig Embryos1 (1989)

Nuclear transfer was evaluated in early porcine embryos. Pronuclear stage embryos were centrifuged, treated with cytoskeletal inhibitors, and subsequently enucleated. Pronuclei containing karyoplasts were placed in the perivitelline space of the enucleated zygote and fused to the enucleated zygote with electrofusion. The resulting pronuclear exchange embryos were either monitored for cleavage in vitro (9/13 cleaved and contained 2 nuclei after 24 h, 69%) or for in vivo development. In vivo development after 3 days resulted in 14/15 (93%) of the embryos transferred cleaving to the greater than or equal to 4-cell stage and after 7 days 6/16 (38%) reaching the expanded blastocyst stage. A total of 56 pronuclear exchange embryos were allowed to go to term, and 7 piglets were born. A similar manipulation procedure was used to transfer 2-, 4- or 8-cell nuclei to enucleated, activated meiotic metaphase II oocytes. Enucleation was effective in 74% (36/49) of the contemporary oocytes. Activation was successful in 81% (37/46) of nonmanipulated but pulsed oocytes versus 13% (4/31) of control oocytes (p less than 0.01). After 6 days in vivo, 9% (1/11) of the 2-cell nuclei, 8% (7/83) of the 4-cell nuclei, and 19% (11/57) of the 8-cell nuclei transferred to enucleated, activated meiotic metaphase II oocytes resulted in development to the compact morula or blastocyst stage (p less than 0.01). A total of 88 nuclear transfer embryos were transferred to recipient gilts for continued development. A single piglet was born after the transfer of a 4-cell nucleus to an enucleated, activated metaphase II oocyte and subsequent in vivo development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The neighborhood social environment and body mass index among youth: a mediation analysis (2012)

The findings suggest that the neighborhood social environment may be important for preventing overweight and obesity in children. Further research investigating the mechanisms through which the neighborhood social environment exerts its effect on BMI is needed.
Picosecond Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Solids: Capabilities and Limitations for Fluorescence Rejection and the Influence of Diffuse Reflectance (2001)

It has been known for many years that it should be possible to discriminate between Raman and fluorescence phenomena on the basis of their differing temporal responses. However, it is only relatively recently that optical technology has advanced sufficiently to achieve the necessary combination of high repetition rate and picosecond laser pulses, coupled with “gateable” multichannel detectors with matched repetition rates and short on-times. Both electronic and optical gating technologies have been shown to significantly improve the Raman spectra of highly fluorescent solutions. However, the performance of such systems with solid materials has not been reported in detail. To partially redress this imbalance, this article describes the ps-time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of solid films and powders. Excellent temporal resolution and fluorescence rejection was obtained with homogeneous films, but with powders, multiple scattering has the potential to significantly blur the time resolution. For example, after incidence of a 1-ps pulse on a powdered sample of trans-stilbene, the Rayleigh signal was spread over 100 ps in time and the Raman signal persisted for more than 300 ps. Simple models are presented that predict these temporal responses on the assumption that photons randomly “diffuse” through the powder, scattering at particle boundaries and sometimes reemerging to be detected at a later time. These dynamics imply that fluorescence rejection with bulk powders might be less effective than with homogeneous solids as the broadened Raman signal would be incompletely captured within the short detector “on” period. The fluorescence would be rejected, but so would the Raman signal (to some extent), giving a poor signal-to-noise ratio. This long-term signal persistence could also complicate the interpretation of pump-probe spectroscopy studies. However, further work is needed to assess the practical implications of these findings.
The Amino Terminus of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Nuclear Antigen 1 Contains AT Hooks That Facilitate the Replication and Partitioning of Latent EBV Genomes by Tethering Them to Cellular Chromosomes (2004)

During latency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is stably maintained as a circular plasmid that is replicated once per cell cycle and partitioned at mitosis. Both these processes require a single viral protein, EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), which binds two clusters of cognate binding sites within the latent viral origin, oriP. EBNA1 is known to associate with cellular metaphase chromosomes through chromosome-binding domains within its amino terminus, an association that we have determined to be required not only for the partitioning of oriP plasmids but also for their replication. One of the chromosome-binding domains of EBNA1 associates with a cellular nucleolar protein, EBP2, and it has been proposed that this interaction underlies that ability of EBNA1 to bind metaphase chromosomes. Here we demonstrate that EBNA1's chromosome-binding domains are AT hooks, a DNA-binding motif found in a family of proteins that bind the scaffold-associated regions on metaphase chromosomes. Further, we demonstrate that the ability of EBNA1 to stably replicate and partition oriP plasmids correlates with its AT hook activity and not its association with EBP2. Finally, we examine the contributions of EBP2 toward the ability of EBNA1 to associate with metaphase chromosomes in human cells, as well as support the replication and partitioning of oriP plasmids in human cells. Our results indicate that it is unlikely that EBP2 directly mediates these activities of EBNA1 in human cells.
A Mammalian Histone Deacetylase Related to the Yeast Transcriptional Regulator Rpd3p (1996)

Trapoxin is a microbially derived cyclotetrapeptide that inhibits histone deacetylation in vivo and causes mammalian cells to arrest in the cell cycle. A trapoxin affinity matrix was used to isolate two nuclear proteins that copurified with histone deacetylase activity. Both proteins were identified by peptide microsequencing, and a complementary DNA encoding the histone deacetylase catalytic subunit (HD1) was cloned from a human Jurkat T cell library. As the predicted protein is very similar to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p, these results support a role for histone deacetylase as a key regulator of eukaryotic transcription.
Androgen receptor expression predicts different clinical outcomes for breast cancer patients stratified by hormone receptor status (2016)

In this study we sought to correlate androgen receptor (AR) expression with tumor progression and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. We investigated AR expression in 450 breast cancer patients. We found that breast cancers expressing the estrogen receptor (ER) are more likely to co-express AR compared to ER-negative cancers (56.0% versus 28.1%, P < 0.001). In addition, we found that AR expression is correlated with increased DFS in patients with luminal breast cancer (P < 0.001), and decreased DFS in TNBC (triple negative breast cancer, P = 0.014). In addition, patients with HR+ tumors (Hormone receptor positive tumors) expressing low levels of AR have the lowest DFS among all receptor combinations. We also propose a novel prognostic model using AR receptor status, BRCA1, and present data showing that our model is more predictive of disease free survival compared to the traditional TMN staging system.
Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Droplets (2007)

We study the impact and subsequent retraction dynamics of aqueous liquid droplets upon high-speed impact on hydrophobic surfaces. Often a spectacular "rebound" of the droplet can be observed: after the impact and expansion, the drop retracts rapidly, leading to ejection of part of the material from the surface. We show how non-Newtonian flow properties can be used to slow down the retraction sufficiently to completely inhibit rebound. The slowing down is due to non-Newtonian normal stresses generated near the moving contact line of the droplet. We provide a quantitative theory for the slowing down, and show that the non-Newtonian effects profoundly change the contact line dynamics.
Paracentesis with Intravenous Infusion of Albumin as Compared with Peritoneovenous Shunting in Cirrhosis with Refractory Ascites (1991)

The LeVeen shunt and paracentesis are equally effective in relieving refractory ascites. The former may provide better long-term control of ascites, but shunt occlusion is common and survival is not improved.
Local Dystrophin Restoration with Antisense Oligonucleotide PRO051 (2007)

Intramuscular injection of antisense oligonucleotide PRO051 induced dystrophin synthesis in four patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy who had suitable mutations, suggesting that further studies might be feasible.
Mapping of a gene that regulates hemolysin production in Vibrio cholerae (1985)

A gene that regulates the hemolysin structural gene (hly) was found to be tightly linked to the tox-1000 locus of Vibrio cholerae RJ1 and separated from hly by a large section of the V. cholerae genetic map. This hemolysin regulatory gene was designated hlyR.
Organofluorine compounds: chemistry and applications (2000)

Recently, fluorine has become a key element in the remarkable progress of materials and biologically active agents.Since fluorine has quite unique reactivities and properties, fluorine chemistry is recognized as being totally different from the chemistry of the other halogens.Accordingly, many books and reviews have been published.Most of them, however, were written by experts in specialized fields.Although many excellent monographs on organofluorine chemistry exist, this new textbook was undertaken with the aim of overviewing organofluorine chemistry on the basis of organic synthesis.Accordingly, the present work will focus on the organic chemistry of organofluorine compounds, starting with general discussions on the unique properties of the fluorine atom and carbon-fluorine bonds, natural resources, and the salient features of organofluorine compounds in addition to their toxicity.This will be followed by chapters on reagents and methods for the introduction of fluorine into organic compounds, organofluorine building blocks, reactions of C-F bonds, biologically active organofluorine compounds, fluorine-containing materials, fluorous media, and some synthetic reagents containing fluorine.The book focuses as much as possible on information that will be useful for synthetic chemists who have experienced or inexperienced organofluorine chemistry.
Comment on ‘‘Crystalline carbon nitride films formation by chemical vapor deposition’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 634 (1996)] (1996)

First Page
Anomalous electrical resistivity and photovoltaic phenomenon in the fast-mixed conductor lithium silicideLi12Si7 (1988)

The anomalous electrical resistivity and photovoltaic phenomenon in the fast-mixed conductor lithium silicide (${\mathrm{Li}}_{12}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$), which is classified as a diamagnetic semiconductor, are presented for the first time. An abrupt change in the electrical resistivity near 230 K is associated with the ordering of vacancies on the Li sublattice. The conductive behavior of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{12}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$ is characterized as a degenerate semiconductor resulting from the off-stoichiometric composition. A photovoltage on the order of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ V is produced instantly by illumination at 300 K. The phenomenon is described in terms of the Dember effect.
Association of Tumor Angiogenesis With Bone Marrow Micrometastases in Breast Cancer Patients (1997)

This study suggests that an assessment of tumor angiogenesis and vascular invasion gives a reliable indication of the likelihood of the presence of bone marrow micrometastases in patients with breast cancer and that both processes contribute to metastases.
Transient analysis of Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifier circuit after load short-circuit (1995)

Abstract On the basis of simulation results, analytical solutions of the transients in the main and branch discharging routes in a Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifier circuit, in responce to a load short-circuit discharge, are derived. Using these analytical expressions, transient currents, energy dissipation in the circuit elements and the effects of circuit parameters on transients are investigated quantitatively for the first time. Results show that the diodes at the uppermost and lowest ends suffer stronger surges; inserting resistors and inductors into the circuit can weaken the undesirable effects of a surge on circuit elements. Notes Fax: +(81) 6 875 0506 Additional informationNotes on contributorsHAIBO ZHANG zhang@ele.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures: The guide to applications, methods, and materials (2011)

The properties of concrete as needed in concrete construction, including strength and durability, are presented in this book. In terms of their optimal use in designing and proportioning concrete mixtures, all concrete ingredients (cementing materials, water, aggregates, admixtures, and fibers) are reviewed. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Association of the Cement Industries (ACI) standards are extensively referred to, as applicable. Also addressed is the use of concrete from design to batching, mixing, transporting, placing, consolidating, finishing, and curing. Reviewed as well are concrete sustainability, along with special concretes, including high-performance concretes.
Failed Escape: Solid Surfaces Prevent Tumbling ofEscherichia coli (2014)

Understanding how bacteria move close to surfaces is crucial for a broad range of microbial processes including biofilm formation, bacterial dispersion, and pathogenic infections. We used digital holographic microscopy to capture a large number (>10(3)) of three-dimensional Escherichia coli trajectories near and far from a surface. We found that within 20 μm from a surface tumbles are suppressed by 50% and reorientations are largely confined to surface-parallel directions, preventing escape of bacteria from the near-surface region. A hydrodynamic model indicates that the tumble suppression is likely due to a surface-induced reduction in the hydrodynamic force responsible for the flagellar unbundling that causes tumbling. These findings imply that tumbling does not provide an effective means to escape trapping near surfaces.
Interleukin-6 inhibits oxidative injury and necrosis after extreme liver resection (2007)

Massive oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the liver after extreme hepatectomy. IL-6 improves recovery and survival from extreme liver resection by enhancing pro-growth pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and maintaining mitochondrial function.
Efficient data compression methods for multidimensional sparse array operations based on the ekmr scheme (2003)

We have proposed the extended Karnaugh map representation (EKMH) scheme for multidimensional array representation. We propose two data compression schemes, EKMR compressed row/column storage (ECRS/ECCS), for multidimensional sparse arrays based on the EKMR scheme. To evaluate the proposed schemes, we compare them to the CRS/CCS schemes. Both theoretical analysis and experimental tests were conducted. In the theoretical analysis, we analyze the CRS/CCS and the ECRS/ECCS schemes in terms of the time complexity, the space complexity, and the range of their usability for practical applications. In experimental tests, we compare the compressing time of sparse arrays and the execution time of matrix-matrix addition and matrix-matrix multiplication based on the CRS/CCS and the ECRS/ECCS schemes. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the ECRS/ECCS schemes are superior to the CRS/CCS schemes for all the evaluated criteria, except the space complexity in some case.
The coming revolution in interactive digital video (1989)

article Free AccessThe coming revolution in interactive digital video Author: Edward A. Fox Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., BlacksburgView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 32Issue 701 July 1989pp 794–801https://doi.org/10.1145/65445.65446Published:01 July 1989Publication History 46citation936DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads936Last 12 Months37Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Infectivity of Growth Hormone Derived from Human Pituitary Glands (1993)

To the Editor: As part of a comprehensive evaluation of the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in recipients of native human growth hormone (GH), we inoculated nonhuman primates with samples of all 76 lots of GH retained on file at the National Hormone and Pituitary Program distribution center in September 19851. A total of 1 ml from each lot was inoculated by intracerebral, intravenous, and intramuscular routes into three squirrel monkeys, and 25 of the same lots were pooled in different combinations and inoculated into chimpanzees. The protocol called for these animals to be observed for a minimum of five . . .
FGF-8 isoforms activate receptor splice forms that are expressed in mesenchymal regions of mouse development (1995)

The Fgf8 gene is expressed in developing limb and craniofacial structures, regions known to be important for growth and patterning of the mouse embryo. Although Fgf8 is alternatively spliced to generate at least 7 secreted isoforms that differ only at their mature amino terminus, the biological significance of these multiple isoforms is not known. In this report, we demonstrate that multiple FGF-8 isoforms are present at sites of Fgf8 expression during mouse development. To address the possibility that the FGF-8 isoforms might interact with different fibroblast growth factor receptors, we prepared recombinant FGF-8 protein isoforms. We examined the ability of these proteins to activate alternatively spliced forms of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-3, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. Recombinant FGF-8b and FGF-8c activate the 'c' splice form of FGFR3, and FGFR4, while FGF-8b also efficiently activates 'c' splice form of FGFR2. No activity could be detected for recombinant or cell expressed FGF-8a. Furthermore, none of the isoforms tested interact efficiently with 'b' splice forms of FGFR1-3, or the 'c' splice form of FGFR1. These results indicate that the FGF-8b and FGF-8c isoforms, produced by ectodermally derived epithelial cells, interact with mesenchymally expressed fibroblast growth factor receptors. FGF-8b and FGF-8c may therefore provide a mitogenic signal to the underlying mesenchyme during limb and craniofacial development.
Peptide-Mediated Immune Responses in Specific Immunotherapy (2000)

Conventional immunotherapy using whole allergen extracts has been shown to be an effective, disease-modifying treatment in carefully selected patients with allergic conjunctivo-rhinitis, asthma and bee and wasp venom hypersensitivity. However, this form of therapy is associated with the risk of systemic anaphylaxis, which, when severe, can be life threatening. A potentially significant reduction in the incidence of IgE-mediated events during immunotherapy may be achieved by the use of short peptides corresponding to T cell epitopes which, by virtue of their size, are incapable of cross-linking allergen-specific IgE bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils. Initial clinical studies have demonstrated degrees of efficacy which have, in some cases, been associated with adverse events occurring immediately or several hours after peptide administration. Preliminary data from studies employing shorter peptides (20 amino acids or less) suggest that improved efficacy may be achieved by using peptides of defined major histocompatibility complex-binding specificity administered in an incremental dose fashion comparable to conventional immunotherapy. This review will discuss the concept of peptide immunotherapy and the implications of recent studies.
Controlled Polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by ATRP at Ambient Temperature (2001)

The efficient, controlled polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is achieved using atom transfer radical polymerization in methanol/water mixtures or pure methanol at 20 °C. The evolution of molecular weight with conversion is linear; polydispersities are around 1.1 for polymerization in methanol and around 1.2−1.3 for syntheses in 50:50 methanol/water mixtures, indicating good living character.