gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Mobilization of CD34+ Cells Following Administration of the CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 to Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2004)

AMD3100 appears to be a safe and effective agent for the rapid mobilization of CD34+ cells in patients who have received prior chemotherapy. Further studies in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with lymphoid malignancies are warranted.
ABERRANT AMYGDALA-FRONTAL CORTEX CONNECTIVITY DURING PERCEPTION OF FEARFUL FACES AND AT REST IN GENERALIZED SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER (2012)

Task and rest paradigms provide unique and important information about discrete and overlapping functional networks. In particular, amygdala coupling to DLPFC may be a phasic abnormality, emerging only in the presence of a social predictor of threat, whereas amygdala coupling to the rostral ACC may reflect both phasic and tonic abnormalities. These findings prompt further studies to better delineate intrinsic and externally evoked brain connectivity in anxiety and depression in relation to amygdala dysfunction.
Detection of human osteosarcoma-associated antigen(s) by monoclonal antibodies. (1982)

Hybrid cell lines have been derived from a fusion between mouse myeloma cells, NS1, and spleen cells from mice immunized with freshly resected osteosarcoma cells from an untreated patient. Of the 276 hybrids obtained, five secreted antibodies which bound to osteosarcoma tissues but not to autologous skin fibroblasts. The antibodies from three of these five hybrids, OST6, OST7, and OST15, reacted with all of five osteosarcoma tissues and with one chondrosarcoma tissue but not with other malignant or benign tumors. Tests of various normal tissues were negative, except for weak binding to a subpopulation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. The reciprocal binding inhibition test showed that OST6, OST7, and OST15 antibodies were directed against different antigenic determinants.
Active Power Factor Correction for Switching Power Supplies (1987)

The harmonic-free utility/dc interface provides to the computer industry a means to extract more power from the wall outlet than the normal rectifier, with its heavily distorted input current, will allow. Due in part to the very high switch stresses in this interface, however, the cost appears to be too high to justify its use at this time. An alternate approach is proposed that focuses on power factor correction rather than harmonic reduction. Compared to the harmonic-free interface, the switch stress of this new approach is approximately a factor of two smaller.
Regulation of immunostimulatory function and costimulatory molecule (B7-1 and B7-2) expression on murine dendritic cells. (1994)

Dendritic cells (DC) play a critical role in the initiation of T cell-mediated immune responses, and express costimulatory molecules that are required for optimal activation of unprimed T cells. Studies on the regulation of the costimulatory molecules on DC have produced evidence from several systems that GM-CSF can up-regulate expression of CTLA4 counter receptor (CTLA4-CR) (but not intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and heat stable Ag (HsAg)) on DC. This is demonstrated on splenic DC, Langerhans cells, kidney DC in culture, and in a skin-explant culture system, in which the increased expression of CTLA4-CR on Langerhans cells (LC) occurs concomitantly with their migration out of skin. Interestingly, despite the ability of both GM-CSF and IFN-gamma to increase CTLA4-CR and maintain similar levels of ICAM-1, HsAg, and MHC molecule expression, the functional consequences of these cytokines on splenic DC are distinctly different. GM-CSF enhances the ability of DC to stimulate both T cell proliferation and cytokine release, whereas IFN-gamma causes no increase in immunostimulatory function. Further analysis of the CTLA4-CR on these cell populations by using the GL-1 and IG10 mAbs has shown that GM-CSF-cultured DC express high levels of both B7-1 and B7-2, whereas IFN-gamma-cultured DC express increased levels of only B7-2. These results suggest that optimal stimulation of unprimed T cells to proliferate and release cytokines may require participation of both of these CTLA4 counter receptors, and confirm the importance of GM-CSF for the maturation of DC into potent stimulators of T cell activation.
Pinched Flow Fractionation:  Continuous Size Separation of Particles Utilizing a Laminar Flow Profile in a Pinched Microchannel (2004)

A concept of "pinched flow fractionation" for the continuous size separation and analysis of particles in microfabricated devices has been proposed and demonstrated. In this method, particles suspended in liquid were continuously introduced into a microchannel having a pinched segment and were aligned to one sidewall in the pinched segment by another liquid flow without particles. The particles were then separated perpendicularly to the flow direction according to their sizes by the spreading flow profile inside the microchannel. Polymer microbeads were successfully separated, and the effects of the flow rate and channel shapes on the separation performance were examined. Also, separated particles were collected independently by making branches at the end of the pinched segment. Since this method utilizes only the laminar flow profile inside a microchannel, complicated outer field control could be eliminated, which is usually required for other kinds of particle separation methods such as field flow fractionation. Also, this method can be applied both for particle size analysis and for preparation of monodispersed particles, since separation can be rapidly and continuously performed.
A constitutively active mutant beta 2-adrenergic receptor is constitutively desensitized and phosphorylated. (1994)

The beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) can be constitutively activated by mutations in the third intracellular loop. Whereas the wild-type receptor exists predominantly in an inactive conformation (R) in the absence of agonist, the mutant receptor appears to spontaneously adopt an active conformation (R*). We now demonstrate that not only is the mutant beta 2AR constitutively active, it is also constitutively desensitized and down-regulated. To assess whether the mutant receptor can constitutively engage a known element of the cellular desensitization machinery, the receptor was purified and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. These preparations retained the essential properties of the constitutively active mutant receptor: agonist-independent activity [to stimulate guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs)-GTPase] and agonist-specific increase in binding affinity. Moreover, the purified mutant receptor, in the absence of agonist, was phosphorylated by recombinant beta AR-specific kinase (beta ARK) in a fashion comparable to the agonist-occupied wild-type receptor. Thus, the conformation of the mutated receptor is equivalent to the active conformation (R*), which stimulates Gs protein and is identical to the beta ARK substrate.
CTLA-4-Mediated Inhibition in Regulation of T Cell Responses: Mechanisms and Manipulation in Tumor Immunotherapy (2001)

The T cell compartment of adaptive immunity provides vertebrates with the potential to survey for and respond specifically to an incredible diversity of antigens. The T cell repertoire must be carefully regulated to prevent unwanted responses to self. In the periphery, one important level of regulation is the action of costimulatory signals in concert with T cell antigen-receptor (TCR) signals to promote full T cell activation. The past few years have revealed that costimulation is quite complex, involving an integration of activating signals and inhibitory signals from CD28 and CTLA-4 molecules, respectively, with TCR signals to determine the outcome of a T cell's encounter with antigen. Newly emerging data suggest that inhibitory signals mediated by CTLA-4 not only can determine whether T cells become activated, but also can play a role in regulating the clonal representation in a polyclonal response. This review primarily focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of regulation by CTLA-4 and its manipulation as a strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
Metabolism of the Pectic Substances (1959)

This thesis examines pectic metabolism by oat coleoptile sections. Pectin accounts for 5 per cent of the dry weight of such sections. Approximately 5 per cent of the pectin is cold water soluble--70 per cent alcohol insoluble. Approximately 50 per cent of the carboxyl groups of this fraction are methyl esterified. Hot water solubilizes from the cell wall a highly esterified pectin fraction which represents 15 per cent of the total. In the remaining hot water insoluble pectin, only 30 per cent of the pectic carboxyl groups are combined as esters. Pectins, once formed, are metabolized very slowly. There is little or no mixing of the various pectic fractions during a 15-hour period. The methyl ester group of pectin is supplied by the methyl group of methionine. Oat coleoptile sections, either intact or as homogenates, form S-methylmethionine and methionine sulfoxide from methionine. Both of these compounds are also active as methyl donors for the formation of pectic esters. Indoleacetic acid accelerates both incorporation of the methyl of methionine into methyl ester moieties and the incorporation of glucose into galacturonic acid residues of water soluble pectins. This increase is a measure of an accelerated rate of pectin synthesis. Indoleacetic acid does not increase the rate of synthesis of the water insoluble pectins. Evidence is presented which favors the supposition that the methyl ester groups are formed before polymerization of the galacturonic acid residues. In vitro incorporation of the methyl of methionine into methyl ester groups of pectin has not been achieved. Limited success has been obtained with the in vitro incorporation of glucose into galacturonic acid residues of water soluble pectins.
Randomized Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry in 20,802 Patients; II (1993)

This study demonstrated that pulse oximetry can improve the anesthesiologist's ability to detect hypoxemia and related events in the OR and PACU and that the use of the oximeter was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of myocardial ischemia. Although monitoring with pulse oximetry prompted a number of changes in patient care, a reduction in the overall rate of postoperative complications was not observed.
A 100 Mb/s CMOS 100Base-T4 Fast Ethernet transceiver for category 3, 4 and 5 UTP (2002)

A 100Base-T4 Fast Ethernet transceiver based on a DSP approach supports 100 Mb/s over low-grade CAT3 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) as well as higher grade CAT4 and 5 UTP. The transceiver performs all the required physical layer (PHY) interface functions from the media-independent interface (MII) to filterless magnetic module in a single CMOS chip.
Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8 + T cells (2005)

Depletion of immune elements before adoptive cell transfer (ACT) can dramatically improve the antitumor efficacy of transferred CD8+ T cells, but the specific mechanisms that contribute to this enhanced immunity remain poorly defined. Elimination of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells has been proposed as a key mechanism by which lymphodepletion augments ACT-based immunotherapy. We found that even in the genetic absence of T reg cells, a nonmyeloablative regimen substantially augmented CD8+ T cell reactivity to self-tissue and tumor. Surprisingly, enhanced antitumor efficacy and autoimmunity was caused by increased function rather than increased numbers of tumor-reactive T cells, as would be expected by homeostatic mechanisms. The gammaC cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 were required for augmenting T cell functionality and antitumor activity. Removal of gammaC cytokine-responsive endogenous cells using antibody or genetic means resulted in the enhanced antitumor responses similar to those seen after nonmyeloablative conditioning. These data indicate that lymphodepletion removes endogenous cellular elements that act as sinks for cytokines that are capable of augmenting the activity of self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Thus, the restricted availability of homeostatic cytokines can be a contributing factor to peripheral tolerance, as well as a limiting resource for the effectiveness of tumor-specific T cells.
Purification of the Human α2 Isoform of Na,K-ATPase Expressed inPichia pastoris.Stabilization by Lipids and FXYD1 (2007)

Human alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms of Na,K-ATPase have been expressed with porcine 10*Histidine-tagged beta1 subunit in Pichia pastoris. Methanol-induced expression of alpha2 is optimal at 20 degrees C, whereas at 25 degrees C, which is optimal for expression of alpha1, alpha2 is not expressed. Detergent-soluble alpha2beta1 and alpha1beta1 complexes have been purified in a stable and functional state. alpha2beta1 shows a somewhat lower Na,K-ATPase activity and higher K0.5K compared to alpha1beta1, while values of K0.5Na and KmATP are similar. Ouabain inhibits both alpha1beta1 (K0.5 24.6 +/- 6 nM) and alpha2beta1 (K0.5 102 +/- 14 nM) with high affinity. A striking difference between the isoforms is that alpha2beta1 is unstable. Both alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 complexes, prepared in C12E8 with an added phosphatidyl serine, are active, but alpha2beta1 is rapidly inactivated at 0 degrees C. Addition of low concentrations of cholesterol with 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-l-serine] (SOPS) stabilizes strongly, maintaining alpha2beta1 active up to two weeks at 0 degrees C. By contrast, alpha1beta1 is stable at 0 degrees C without added cholesterol. Both alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 complexes are stabilized by cholesterol at 37 degrees C. Human FXYD1 spontaneously associates in vitro with either alpha1beta1 or alpha2beta1, to form alpha1beta1/FXYD1 and alpha2beta1/FXYD1 complexes. The reconstituted FXYD1 protects both alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 very strongly against thermal inactivation. Instability of alpha2 is attributable to suboptimal phophatidylserine-protein interactions. Residues within TM8, TM9 and TM10, near the alphabeta subunit interface, may play an important role in differential interactions of lipid with alpha1 and alpha2, and affect isoform stability. Possible physiological implications of isoform interactions with phospholipids and FXYD1 are discussed.
Identification of a human T lymphocyte surface protein associated with the E-rosette receptor. (1981)

We describe a new monoclonal murine antibody that reacts with a 50,000-mol wt polypeptide that appears to be present on all E-rosetting cells. We conclude that this antigen is either identical to or closely associated with the E receptor because of (a) the high degree of concordance between E-rosette formation and 9.6 antigen expression, (b) the inhibition of rosette formation by preincubation of cells with 9.6 antibody, and (c) the observed failure of cells lysostripped of 9.6 antigen to form E-rosettes. This last finding suggests cocapping of 9.6 antigen and the E receptor.
Risk of Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality Following Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy (2005)

Clinical parameters (PSADT, pathological Gleason score, and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence) can help risk stratify patients for prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. These preliminary findings may serve as useful guides to patients and their physicians to identify patients at high risk for prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy to enroll them in early aggressive treatment trials. In addition, these preliminary findings highlight that survival in low-risk patients can be quite prolonged.
Human monocytes and macrophages express substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor (1997)

We present data demonstrating the gene expression of substance P and its receptor in human peripheral blood-isolated monocytes and macrophages. Using the RT-PCR assay, preprotachykinin-A (substance P) mRNA is detected in human peripheral blood-isolated monocytes and macrophages. Among the alpha, beta, and gamma transcripts of the substance P gene, only the beta and gamma transcripts are detectable in these cells. By Southern blot assay these RT-PCR-amplified transcripts are recognized using a specific substance P probe. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products from both monocytes and macrophages also confirmed the structure of these transcripts, which are identical to those found in human neuronal cells. At the protein level, both human monocytes and macrophages produced endogenous substance P as determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Capsaicin, a vanillyl fatty acid amide (ingredient of hot pepper), released substance P from both human monocytes and macrophages. In addition, using nested RT-PCR analysis, we identified the presence of mRNA for neurokinin-1 receptor (the receptor for substance P) in human peripheral blood-isolated monocytes and macrophages, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. The demonstration that human monocytes and macrophages express substance P and its receptor support the notion that substance P is biologically involved in regulating the functions of these cells in an autocrine fashion.
Comprehensive approach to intrusion detection alert correlation (2004)

Alert correlation is a process that analyzes the alerts produced by one or more intrusion detection systems and provides a more succinct and high-level view of occurring or attempted intrusions. Even though the correlation process is often presented as a single step, the analysis is actually carried out by a number of components, each of which has a specific goal. Unfortunately, most approaches to correlation concentrate on just a few components of the process, providing formalisms and techniques that address only specific correlation issues. This paper presents a general correlation model that includes a comprehensive set of components and a framework based on this model. A tool using the framework has been applied to a number of well-known intrusion detection data sets to identify how each component contributes to the overall goals of correlation. The results of these experiments show that the correlation components are effective in achieving alert reduction and abstraction. They also show that the effectiveness of a component depends heavily on the nature of the data set analyzed.
Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber. (1989)

Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rham-nopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.
Microstructured Devices for Preparing Controlled Multiple Emulsions (2008)

Abstract The preparation of multiple emulsions with controlled droplet sizes and internal structures has been a challenge for a long time. However, in recent years, a major breakthrough has been achieved in the preparation of monodisperse single emulsions by small‐scale fluid processing, which has enabled the formation of multiple emulsions with the desired droplet sizes, structures, and compositions. This review deals with the preparation of controlled multiple emulsions in various microstructured devices. The four preparation pathways are discussed individually. They are (a) membrane emulsification, (b) microchannel emulsification, (c) the use of a two‐dimensional microfluidic device, and (d) the use of a three‐dimensional coaxial microcapillary device. The applications of the prepared multiple emulsions to a novel class of materials are also discussed.
Molecular-Imprinted, Polymer-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalances for the Detection of Terpenes (2001)

A piezoelectric sensor coated with an artificial biomimetic recognition element has been developed for the determination of L-menthol in the liquid phase. A highly specific noncovalently imprinted polymer (MIP) was cast in situ on to the surface of a gold-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode as a thin permeable film. Selective rebinding of the target analyte was observed as a frequency shift quantified by piezoelectric microgravimetry with the QCM. The detectability of L-menthol was 200 ppb with a response range of 0-1.0 ppm. The response of the MIP-QCM to a range of monoterpenes was investigated with the sensor binding menthol in favor of analogous compounds. The sensor was able to distinguish between the D- and L-enantiomers of menthol owing to the enantioselectivity of the imprinted sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing enantiomeric resolution within an MIP utilizing a single monomer-functional moiety interaction. It is envisaged that this technique could be employed to determine the concentration of terpenes in the atmosphere.
The Nlrp3 inflammasome regulates acute graft-versus-host disease (2013)

The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a severe complication accompanied by high mortality rates. Yet, the molecular mechanisms initiating this disease remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that, after conditioning therapy, intestinal commensal bacteria and the damage-associated molecular pattern uric acid contribute to Nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production and that gastrointestinal decontamination and uric acid depletion reduced GvHD severity. Early blockade of IL-1β or genetic deficiency of the IL-1 receptor in dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells improved survival. The Nlrp3 inflammasome components Nlrp3 and Asc, which are required for pro-IL-1β cleavage, were critical for the full manifestation of GvHD. In transplanted mice, IL-1β originated from multiple intestinal cell compartments and exerted its effects on DCs and T cells, the latter being preferentially skewed toward Th17. Compatible with these mouse data, increased levels of active caspase-1 and IL-1β were found in circulating leukocytes and intestinal GvHD lesions of patients. Thus, the identification of a crucial role for the Nlrp3 inflammasome sheds new light on the pathogenesis of GvHD and opens a potential new avenue for the targeted therapy of this severe complication.