gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contents Distribution System Based on MPEG-4 ISMACryp in IP Set-top Box Environments (2006)

DRM is a technique for preventing an illegal use of digital contents such as streaming media. ISMA 1.0 is a standard for implementing MPEG-4 streaming media in the Internet, while ISMACryp 1.0 adds cryptographic mechanisms for enabling DRM to the ISMA standard. Since ISMACryp 1.0 satisfies requirements for Internet streaming and copyright protection, it is appropriate for playing DRM-enabled digital contents on the Internet. The digital contents to which ISMACryp 1.0 is applied can be replayed both in the IP set-top box and personal computer. The IP set-top box is a device that is subsidiary to television for various broadcasting services, and is expected as an essential element in a home networking environments. Nowadays, it is a trend to make the IP set-top box as a multi purpose device that is vary similar to personal computer. We could also prospect that the IP set-top box replaces the personal computer as a major client system for streaming services. We design and implement the secure DRM client system for playing ISMACryp-enabled digital contents. Especially, we develop the lightweight SecureDB and SecureDB Daemon for protecting sensitive information such as cryptographic keys. We also apply them to the commercialized embedded Linux IP set-top box for enabling the secure contents distribution system.
Spontaneous Reduction of Metal Ions on the Sidewalls of Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Nanotube/nanoparticle hybrid structures are prepared by forming Au and Pt nanoparticles on the sidewalls of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Reducing agent or catalyst-free electroless deposition, which purely utilizes the redox potential difference between Au3+, Pt2+, and the carbon nanotube, is the main driving force for this reaction. It is also shown that carbon nanotubes act as a template for wire-like metal structures. The successful formation of the hybrid structures is monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrical measurements.
Memory-enhancing effects in male mice of pregnenolone and steroids metabolically derived from it. (1992)

Immediate post-training intracerebroventricular administration to male mice of pregnenolone (P), pregnenolone sulfate (PS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or aldosterone caused improvement of retention for footshock active avoidance training, while estrone, estradiol, progesterone, or 16 beta-bromoepiandrosterone did not. Dose-response curves were obtained for P, PS, DHEA, and testosterone. P and PS were the most potent, PS showing significant effects at 3.5 fmol per mouse. The active steroids did not show discernible structural features or known membrane or biochemical effects that correlated with their memory-enhancing capacity. The above, together with the findings that DHEA acted even when given at 1 hr after training and that P, PS, and DHEA improved retention over a much wider dose range than do excitatory memory enhancers, led to the suggestion that the effects of the active steroids converge at the facilitation of transcription of immediate-early genes. P and PS, for which receptors have not yet been demonstrated, may exert their effects by serving as precursors for the formation of a panoply of different steroids, ensuring near-optimal modulation of transcription of immediate-early genes required for achieving the plastic changes of memory processes. Low serum levels of P in aging and the increases of cancer and behavioral disorders in individuals receiving drugs that block synthesis of cholesterol, the immediate precursor of P, suggest possible clinical utility for P.
Emended Description of Enterobacter cancerogenus comb. nov. (Formerly Erwinia cancerogena) (1988)

The description for three strains of Erwinia cancerogena was expanded to include 108 phenotypic characters. These strains were compared with seven strains of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and the type strains of Enterobacter (Erwinia) nimipressuralis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter amnigenus, and Enterobacter intermedium. Our results support the proposal to transfer Erwinia cancerogena to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter cancerogenus comb. nov.
Combination of PIM and JAK2 inhibitors synergistically suppresses cell proliferation and overcomes drug resistance of myeloproliferative neoplasms (2014)

Inhibitors of JAK2 kinase are emerging as an important treatment modality for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, similar to other kinase inhibitors, resistance to JAK2 inhibitors may eventually emerge through a variety of mechanisms. Effective drug combination is one way to enhance therapeutic efficacy and combat resistance against JAK2 inhibitors. To identify potential combination partners for JAK2 compounds in MPN cell lines, we performed pooled shRNA screen targeting 5,000 genes in the presence or absence of JAK2 blockade. One of the top hits identified was MYC, an oncogenic transcription factor that is difficult to inhibit directly, but could be targeted by modulation of upstream regulatory elements such as kinases. We demonstrate herein that PIM kinase inhibitors efficiently suppress MYC protein levels in MPN cell lines. Importantly, overexpression of MYC restores the viability of PIM inhibitor-treated cells, revealing causal relationship between MYC down-regulation and cell growth inhibition by PIM compounds. Combination of various PIM inhibitors with a JAK2 inhibitor results in significant synergistic growth inhibition of multiple MPN cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed strong downregulation of phosphorylated forms of S6 and 4EBP1 by JAK2/PIM inhibitor combination treatment. Finally, such combination was effective in eradicating in vitro JAK2 inhibitor-resistant MPN clones, where MYC is consistently up-regulated. These findings demonstrate that simultaneous suppression of JAK2 and PIM kinase activity by small molecule inhibitors is more effective than either agent alone in suppressing MPN cell growth. Our data suggest that JAK2 and PIM combination might warrant further investigation for the treatment of JAK2-driven hematologic malignancies.
Modified Nucleoside 5′-Triphosphonates as a New Type of Antiviral Agents (1999)

Abstract The design of dNTP analogs with increased stability in vivo could produce a new group of highly effective inhibitors of HIV reproduction. The advantages of such compounds would be as follows: (i) Independence on the phosphorylation process catalyzed by intracellular enzymes, and direct inhibition of proviral DNA synthesis. (ii) The lack of the cell cycle effect on their activity. (iii) The ability to inhibit reverse transcription of the virus circulating in blood plasma. It is also desirable that such dNTP/rNTP analogs possess selective substrate properties towards viral enzymes and be hydrophobic enough to penetrate into the cell or be able to be bound by membrane proteins which would facilitate their transportation into cells. We present the biological evaluation of carbocyclic analogs of L-d4NTP of I-III types in cell-free systems with HIV and avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptases, DNA polymerases α and β, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, as well as in Rat1 cell culture infected by artificial retrovirus containing Mu-MLV RT. The stability of I-III in human serum is also reported.
Botulinum A Toxin for Treatment of Aberrant Facial Nerve Regeneration (1993)

Twelve patients with involuntary synkinetic eyelid closure were given 40 injections of botulinum A toxin. Temporary improvement in involuntary eyelid closure was observed in all 12 patients. Eleven of the 12 patients desired repeated injections. Dose requirements for this indication were compared with doses used in 697 injections in 112 patients with essential blepharospasm and Meige syndrome. Additionally, dose comparisons were made with 269 injections in 71 patients with hemifacial spasm. Dose requirements needed to treat aberrant regeneration of the facial nerve were substantially less than needed to treat blepharospasm and Meige syndrome. The dose requirement was similar to that in hemifacial spasm treatment. The reason for the differences probably relates to existing muscular denervation associated with hemifacial spasm and aberrant facial nerve regeneration.
[Effect of a fibrin-antibiotic compound in bone and soft tissue infections]. (1981)

It is reported on experimental experiences in the use of a biological adhesive system--highly concentrated native fibrinogen, thrombin and clotting factor XIII--in conjunction with local antibiotics. The results in animals are: Antibiotics in conjunction with the mentioned adhesive system give a high local concentration for a short time. The activity of the antibiotics decreases quickly within some activity of the antibiotics decreases quickly within some hours, there is no more antibiotic effect after 36 hours.
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (2007)

In our 6 patients, all had either failing native or transplant kidneys at the time of gadodiamide exposure. The development of NSF was temporally related to gadodiamide injection, suggesting as the etiology dechelation of the agent and thus emphasizing the need for change in clinical practice.
Binding Properties of Replication Protein A from Human and Yeast Cells (1992)

Replication protein A (RP-A; also known as replication factor A and human SSB), is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is required for simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. RP-A isolated from both human and yeast cells is a very stable complex composed of 3 subunits (70, 32, and 14 kDa). We have analyzed the DNA-binding properties of both human and yeast RP-A in order to gain a better understanding of their role(s) in DNA replication. Human RP-A has high affinity for single-stranded DNA and low affinity for RNA and double-stranded DNA. The apparent affinity constant of RP-A for single-stranded DNA is in the range of 10(9) M-1. RP-A has a binding site size of approximately 30 nucleotides and does not bind cooperatively. The binding of RP-A to single-stranded DNA is partially sequence dependent. The affinity of human RP-A for pyrimidines is approximately 50-fold higher than its affinity for purines. The binding properties of yeast RP-A are similar to those of the human protein. Both yeast and human RP-A bind preferentially to the pyrimidine-rich strand of a homologous origin of replication: the ARS307 or the simian virus 40 origin of replication, respectively. This asymmetric binding suggests that RP-A could play a direct role in the process of initiation of DNA replication.
[A clinical study of actual corneal ablation depth in laser in situ keratomileusis]. (2010)

The actual ablation depth was about(18.16+/-14.71)μm thicker than the predicted ablation depth in the NIDEK EC5000 excimer laser system. We may have to take into account this deviation in order to ensure sufficient thickness of residual stromal bed.
Nature Optimizes the Swirling Flow in the Human Left Ventricle (2005)

The asymmetry of the blood flow in the human left ventricle is commonly assumed to facilitate the following ejection of blood in the primary circulation. The intraventricular flow is here studied by the numerical solution of the governing equations written in a prolate spheroid geometry with moving walls. The physiological parameters are taken from pediatric clinical data; then, the entering jet is artificially displaced to modify the asymmetry of the flow. The analysis of flow patterns confirms that the physiological case looks to best comply with the transition from the filling to the ejection phase. The flow energy dissipation is found to be minimized about the physiological conditions. An unnatural asymmetry, as given by cardiac diseases or valvular replacement, could reduce the efficiency of the heart pump by over 10%, thus augmenting the work required by the cardiac muscle.
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of Dipeptide Hydroxamic Acid Helicobacter pylori Urease Inhibitors (2002)

A homology model of Helicobacter pylori urease was developed by using the crystal structure of urease from Klebsiella aerogenes (EC 3.5.1.5) as a template. The acetohydroxamic acid moiety was docked into the active pocket of the enzyme model, followed by relaxation of the complex by use of molecular dynamics. The resulting conformation was used as a template to construct 24 potential dipeptide hydroxamic acid inhibitors with which comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed. The resulting model provided a cross-validation correlation coefficient (q(2)(L00)) of 0.610, a conventional r(2) value of 0.988, and an F (Fisher indication of statistical significance) value of 294.88. We were able to validate the CoMFA model by using the 50% inhibitory concentrations of six compounds that were not included in the construction of the model. A very good structural correlation was observed between the amino acids in the model urease's active pocket and the contour maps derived from the CoMFA model. This correlation, accompanied by the validation supplied by use of the CoMFA data, illustrates that the model can aid in the prediction and design of novel H. pylori urease inhibitors.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1'-C-Branched Uracil Nucleosides from Uridine (1995)

Abstract Face-selective electrophilic addition (bromo-pivaloyloxylation) to 1-[3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pent-1-enofurano-syl]uracil (1), when combined with nucleophilic substitution using organosilicon or organoaluminum reagents, provides a new and highly divergent C-C bond forming method at the anomeric position.
Whole Genome Expression Analysis Reveals Differential Effects of TiO2 Nanotubes on Vascular Cells (2009)

The response of primary human endothelial (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to TiO2 nanotube arrays is studied through gene expression analysis. Microarrays revealed that nanotubes enhanced EC proliferation and motility, decreased VSMC proliferation, and decreased expression of molecules involved in inflammation and coagulation in both cell types. Networks generated from significantly affected genes suggest that cells may be sensing nanotopographical cues via pathways previously implicated in sensing shear stress.
Hyaluronic acid modulates proliferation of mouse dermal fibroblasts in culture (1988)

When the concentration of hyaluronic acid was monitored in primary cultures of mouse skin dermal fibroblasts, there was an increase in hyaluronic acid proportional to the increase in cell number during the logarithmic growth phase. The concentration reached the maximum value 2 days before the cells became confluent, and then decreased gradually. Hyaluronic acid added at 1 mg ml-1 during the logarithmic phase either promoted or inhibited cell growth, depending on the density of cells at the time when hyaluronic acid was added. Hyaluronic acid (1 mg ml-1) added to subconfluent or postconfluent cultures induced a transient DNA synthesis with a consequent increase (greater than 20%) in cell number. The effects appeared to be specific, since neither hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides nor some other types of glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin, chondroitin sulphates, heparan sulphates and heparin) had any similar effects. Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP), at 1 mM, added to subconfluent or postconfluent cultures had promoting effects successively on hyaluronic acid synthesis and on cell growth. An increase in hyaluronic acid synthesis also occurred when dbcAMP was added to day 1 cultures in the logarithmic growth phase, but the effect on cell growth was reversed; there was an inhibition rather than a promotion. The pattern of cell density-dependent variation of the dbcAMP effect is quite similar to that observed with exogenously added hyaluronic acid. Therefore, we propose that hyaluronic acid added exogenously or supplied endogenously by increased synthesis may act as a modulator of mouse dermal fibroblast proliferation.
Dynamic sample selection for approximate query processing (2003)

In decision support applications, the ability to provide fast approximate answers to aggregation queries is desirable. One commonly-used technique for approximate query answering is sampling. For many aggregation queries, appropriately constructed biased (non-uniform) samples can provide more accurate approximations than a uniform sample. The optimal type of bias, however, varies from query to query. In this paper, we describe an approximate query processing technique that dynamically constructs an appropriately biased sample for each query by combining samples selected from a family of non-uniform samples that are constructed during a pre-processing phase. We show that dynamic selection of appropriate portions of previously constructed samples can provide more accurate approximate answers than static, non-adaptive usage of uniform or non-uniform samples.
Sacral nerve stimulation for neuromodulation of the lower urinary tract (2007)

Patients with symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome or non-obstructive urinary retention, refractory to conservative therapy, can nowadays be treated minimally invasively with sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). The use of electric currents to treat urological pathology has a long history but SNS therapy only received FDA approval in 1997. The mechanisms of action are still not known so there are different theories explaining the modulation effect. Recent studies have shown a central modulation effect. Predictive factors which can help to identify the perfect candidates are not known. Over the years the technique of SNS has become less invasive and because of two stage implantation test results have proven to be more reliable. The clinical results for this therapy have proven to be safe and effective and with the technical improvements over the years the re-operation and complication rates have decreased significantly. The clinical results have led to expanding indications because of positive effects in other symptoms. In the field of urology this has resulted in the use of SNS therapy for interstitial cystitis, neurogenic lower urinary dysfunction, and pediatric voiding dysfunction. In the field of gastro-intestinal pathology, SNS therapy is used to treat faecal incontinence and constipation.
Sampling time-dependent artifacts in single-cell genomics studies (2020)

Robust protocols and automation now enable large-scale single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing experiments and their application on biobank and clinical cohorts. However, technical biases introduced during sample acquisition can hinder solid, reproducible results, and a systematic benchmarking is required before entering large-scale data production. Here, we report the existence and extent of gene expression and chromatin accessibility artifacts introduced during sampling and identify experimental and computational solutions for their prevention.
A Genetic Model for Interaction of the Homeodomain Recognition Helix with DNA (1991)

The Bicoid homeodomain protein controls anterior development in the Drosophila embryo by binding to DNA and regulating gene expression. With the use of genetic assays in yeast, the interaction between the Bicoid homeodomain and a series of mutated DNA sites was studied. These experiments defined important features of homeodomain binding sites, identified specific amino acid-base pair contacts, and suggested a model for interaction of the recognition alpha-helices of Bicoid and Antennapedia-class homeodomain proteins with DNA. The model is in general agreement with results of crystallographic and magnetic resonance studies, but differs in important details. It is likely that genetic studies of protein-DNA interaction will continue to complement conventional structural approaches.
Superconductivity above 20 K in the Ba-K-Bi-O system (1988)

The results of magnetic susceptibility measurements on multiphase Ba-K-Bi-O samples with overall composition ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{BiO}}_{3}$ (x\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.2) provide evidence for superconductivity above 20 K in a minority fraction (\ensuremath{\sim}5%) of the sample volume. These results support the expectation that K doping at the inactive Ba donor sites can extend the metallic range of the previously studied ${\mathrm{BaPb}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ alloys closer to the ${\mathrm{BaBiO}}_{3}$ Peierls instability where the strong coupling of the conduction electrons to the O phonons could explain the enhanced (${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\sim}22 vs 13 K) superconducting transition temperatures.
CAT-8015: A Second-GenerationPseudomonasExotoxin A–Based Immunotherapy Targeting CD22-Expressing Hematologic Malignancies (2009)

CAT-8015 is a CD22-targeting immunotoxin that, in preclinical studies, has greatly improved efficacy compared with CAT-3888.
The actin filament disrupter cytochalasin D activates the recombinant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl‐ channel in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. (1995)

1. Cytochalasin D (CD; 5 microM) readily stimulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel activity in cell-attached and whole-cell patch recordings from 3T3 fibroblasts expressing recombinant CFTR but not in mock-transfected cells. CD-stimulated currents were indistinguishable from those evoked by forskolin stimulation. Kinetic analysis of CFTR gating showed identical channel behaviour independent of the agonist used. 2. To elucidate the mechanism of action of CD we tested its effects on cAMP, protein kinase A, and the CFTR itself during CD stimulation. In contrast to forskolin treatment, CD did not increase cellular cAMP content. 3. A direct interaction of CD with the CFTR was ruled out because CD showed no effect on CFTR in excised inside-out patches. 4. CD effects were fully blocked when the cellular protein kinase A was inhibited by treatment of cells with RpcAMPS in cell-attached patches or when protein kinase inhibitor peptide was dialysed into cells in whole-cell experiments. 5. Addition of G-actin to excised patches had no effects on CFTR. 6. We conclude that the stimulatory effect of CD is cAMP independent, but needs a functional protein kinase A in order to activate the CFTR. We propose that cytochalasin D activates CFTR by releasing a cellular inhibitor, e.g. a phosphatase, that is held in place by F-actin.