gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The actin cytoskeleton mediates the hormonally regulated translocation of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in astrocytes. (1990)

Thyroid hormone, specifically thyroxine, alters cytoskeletal organization in astrocytes by modulating actin polymerization and, in turn, regulates the turnover of the short-lived membrane protein, type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase. In the absence of thyroxine, approximately 35% of the total cellular actin is depolymerized, and greater than 90% of the deiodinase is found in the plasma membrane and not associated with the cytoskeleton. Addition of thyroxine promotes actin polymerization and decreases the depolymerized actin to approximately 10% of the total actin pool, induces binding of the deiodinase to F-actin, and promotes rapid internalization of the enzyme. These data provide direct evidence that the actin cytoskeleton participates in the inactivation pathway of the deiodinase by translocating this short-lived plasma membrane protein to an internal membrane pool.
Production and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin 1) in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (2010)

proMMP-7 is excessively produced by hyperplastic alveolar and metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells and activated locally in the lungs of IPF patients, suggesting that MMP-7 may contribute to the pathology of IPF.
Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its endothelial cell receptor KDR in type 1 leprosy reaction. (2002)

The sites of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and of KDR, its endothelial cell receptor, were investigated in leprosy reaction Type 1, or reversal reaction (RR), by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In comparison with nonreactional leprosy, overexpression of both VEGF and KDR was seen in granuloma cells, especially epithelioid and foreign body-type giant cells, the epithelium and the vascular endothelium of RR specimens. In granuloma cells, hybridization for VEGF was stronger than immunostaining, a finding that may reflect the rapid turnover of VEGF in an immunologically dynamic situation such as RR. In the epidermis, double immunohistochemistry revealed VEGF overexpression in CDla-positive dendritic cells. The VEGF may not only be relevant for hyperpermeability and mononuclear cell differentiation (the key morphologic features in the acute, clinically evident phase of RR), but it could also be implicated in RR onset, when dendritic cells are activated in response to antigen stimulation.
Establishing remote conversations through eye contact with physical awareness proxies (2003)

We present a mechanism for initiating mediated conversations through eye contact. An eyePHONE is a physical proxy of a remote individual that senses and conveys attention using an eye tracking device and a pair of actuated eyeballs. Users may initiate calls by jointly looking at each other's eyePHONE. We discuss how this allows participants to implement some of the basic social rules of face-to-face conversations in mediated conversations.
CD56+ human blood dendritic cells effectively promote TH1-type γδ T-cell responses (2009)

CD56+ human dendritic cells (DCs) have recently been shown to differentiate from monocytes in response to GM-CSF and type 1 interferon in vitro. We show here that CD56+ cells freshly isolated from human peripheral blood contain a substantial subset of CD14+CD86+HLA-DR+ cells, which have the appearance of intermediate-sized lymphocytes but spontaneously differentiate into enlarged DC-like cells with substantially increased HLA-DR and CD86 expression or into fully mature CD83+ DCs in response to appropriate cytokines. Stimulation of CD56+ cells containing both DCs and abundant gammadelta T cells with zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2) resulted in the rapid expansion of gammadelta T cells as well as in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta but not in IL-4, IL-10, or IL-17 production. IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta production were almost completely abolished by depleting CD14+ cells from the CD56+ subset before stimulation. Likewise, depletion of CD14+ cells dramatically impaired gammadelta T-cell expansion. IFN-gamma production could also be blocked by neutralizing the effects of endogenous IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Conversely, addition of recombinant IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or both further enhanced IFN-gamma production and strongly up-regulated IL-6 production. Our data indicate that CD56+ DCs from human blood are capable of stimulating CD56+ gammadelta T cells, which may be harnessed for immunotherapy.
Fibrin Tissue Adhesives (1997)

FTA is a promising adjunct treatment in many fields of surgery, mainly in patients with acquired and congenital bleeding disorders or in procedures with high risk of postoperative bleeding or leaking of air, blood, fluids. Numerous report exist for variety of indications, however, very few are well controlled and conclusive. There is controversy and contradicting data that stem from variability in FTA formulation the selection and design of the operative indication the methodology of application including the application devices and the skills of the surgeon. Understanding of all these differences and the requirements for the certain indication are important for the successful use of FTA. It is important to remember that FTA is a blood product and even with more than one viral inactivation techniques there should have a clear indication for its use. If no clinically important benefit is proven for a certain indication it means that contraindication exists.
Buried-oxide silicon-on-insulator structures. II. Waveguide grating couplers (1992)

For pt.I, see ibid., vol.28, no.1, p.157-63 (1992). Grating couplers formed in buried-oxide silicon-on-insulator structures are analyzed using both a convergent Block wave approach and a simple approximate method. Strong interface reflections that occur during grating coupling can cause interference effects which result in variations in coupling efficiency and coupling length by an order of magnitude when varying grating period and film thickness parameters. Results indicate that proper coupler design is essential in order to obtain efficient coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Paraoxonase has a major role in the hydrolysis of prulifloxacin (NM441), a prodrug of a new antibacterial agent. (1998)

NM441 is a prodrug of the new quinolone carboxylic acid antibacterial agent NM394. A rat serum enzyme (NM441-hydrolase) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of NM441 to NM394 was purified by ultracentrifugation, heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, and HPLC with a Mono Q anion exchange column. The enzyme showed a single protein band after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular mass was estimated as 46 kDa. The amino-terminal sequence and two internal amino acid sequences of the NM441-hydrolase resemble those of mouse, rabbit, and human serum paraoxonases. Moreover, its enzymatic characteristics (optimum pH, calcium requirement, and molecular mass) were similar to those of the paraoxonases. These findings identify the NM441-hydrolase as rat serum paraoxonase. To determine whether the paraoxonase catalyzes the hydrolysis of NM441 to NM394 in human serum, we investigated whether the paraoxonase and NM441-hydrolase activities were correlated. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.653, p < 0.005) found in the sera of 67 healthy volunteers, indicating that paraoxonase is responsible for the conversion of NM441 to NM394 in humans. Human paraoxonase shows polymorphism. There was a 9-fold variation in paraoxonase activity but only a 2-fold variation in NM441-hydrolase activity. These findings show that paraoxonase polymorphism does not cause marked interindividual variation in NM441-hydrolase activity and is substrate dependent.
Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis (1986)

Animal species differ in their resistance both to infection by Bacillus anthracis and to anthrax toxin. A mouse model was developed to study the basis of the host differences and the pathogenesis of infection. When mice were infected with the virulent B. anthracis strain Vollum 1B, low 50% lethal dose (LD50) values (5 to 30 spores) were found for all 10 strains of inbred mice tested. However, analysis of time-to-death data revealed significant differences among the strains, which could be divided into three groups: most susceptible (A/J and DBA/2J); least susceptible (CBA/J, BALB/cJ, and C57BR/cdJ); and intermediate (the remaining five strains). In contrast, the mice were distinctly susceptible or resistant to lethal infection by the toxigenic, nonencapsulated Sterne vaccine strain. The LD50 for the susceptible A/J and DBA/2J mice was approximately 10(3) spores of the Sterne strain, whereas the remaining eight relatively resistant strains were killed only by 10(6) or more spores. F1 hybrid and backcross studies suggested that resistance to the Sterne strain is determined by a single dominant gene or gene complex. Mice lethally infected with B. anthracis showed an acute course of infection, characterized by extensive gelatinous edema and large concentrations of bacilli in the blood and organs (e.g., 10(9) CFU/g of spleen). The susceptibility of A/J and CBA/J mice to intravenously injected anthrax toxin components appeared to differ from their susceptibility to infection. The toxin LD50 values for both strains were similar. However, CBA/J mice died sooner than did A/J mice, with mean time to death of 0.9 and 3.7 days, respectively, in mice given 4 LD50 of toxin. The mouse model appears to be useful in studies on host resistance to anthrax and on the pathogenesis of the infection.
The Comparative Response of Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Volatile Attractants1 (1988)

Journal Article The Comparative Response of Diabrotica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Volatile Attractants Get access Richard L. Lampman, Richard L. Lampman Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert L. Metcalf Robert L. Metcalf Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 17, Issue 4, 1 August 1988, Pages 644–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.4.644 Published: 01 August 1988 Article history Received: 07 December 1987 Accepted: 11 April 1988 Published: 01 August 1988
MinCD-independent inhibition of cell division by a protein that fuses MalE to the topological specificity factor MinE (1997)

We report that MinE, the topological specificity factor of cell division in Escherichia coli, inhibits septation when fused to the C terminus of the maltose-binding protein MalE. This contrasts with overexpression of MinE alone, which affects growth but has no effect on division. Inhibition by MalE-MinE was minCD independent and depended on MinE segments involved in dimerization and prevention of MinCD division inhibition. The SOS and the heat shock responses were not involved, suggesting that the inhibition comes from a direct interaction of MalE-MinE with the septation apparatus. MalE-MinE lethality was suppressed by overexpression of ftsZ, as well as by overexpression of ftsN, a suppressor of temperature-sensitive mutations in genes ftsQ, ftsA, and ftsI. We also report that high-level synthesis of MalE disturbs nucleoid partitioning.
Vasculitis simulators and vasculitis look-alikes. (1992)

A variety of common and uncommon nonvasculitic disorders may mimic vasculitis clinically, angiographically, or even histologically. These are the vasculitis simulators and vasculitis look-alikes. It is important to distinguish these vasculitis simulators from true vasculitis in order to avoid the unnecessary and harmful side effects of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents, the mainstay of drug therapy for vasculitis.
Radioimmunological determination of insulinlike growth factors I and II in normal subjects and in patients with growth disorders and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. (1981)

Serum levels of immunoreactive insulinlike growth factors (IGF) I and II were determined by a modified IGF I and a new IGF II radioimmunoassay in normal children and adults, and in patients with acromegaly, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. Serum samples were gel filtered by a simple routine procedure at acidic pH to dissociate and separate IGF from the IGF carrier protein. Mean immunoreactive IGF I levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF II) were 193 +/- 58 ng/ml in normal adult subjects, 712 +/- 245 ng/ml in acromegalic patients and 24 +/- 14 ng/ml in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. The lack of growth hormone alone, irrespective of an otherwise normal hormonal status, appears to be responsible for the drastic decrease of IGF I levels. Oversecretion of growth hormone does not increase the levels of immunoreactive IGF II: mean levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF I) in normal and acromegalic subjects are virtually identical (647 +/- 126 and 641 +/- 189 ng/ml, respectively). Apparently, normal growth hormone levels stimulate IGF II production already maximally. However in growth hormone deficiency immunoreactive IGF II is significantly decreased (252 +/- 99 ng/ml). Thus, IGF II, like IGF I, is growth hormone dependent. But in contrast to IGF I, the growth hormone dependence of IGF II seems to become apparent only at subnormal growth hormone levels. In normal children IGF I is age dependent: it is low in newborn cord sera (51 +/- 20 ng/ml) and gradually rises into the adult range with increasing age. At the onset of and during puberty mean IGF I levels lie above prepubertal values. In contrast, IGF II levels in normal children are independent of age and pubertal stage beyond the first year of life, whereas newborns have significantly lower IGF II values. Hypoglycemia resulting from extrapancreatic tumors is not associated with increased immunoreactive IGF I or II levels. IGF I is decreased in most of the sera (mean level +/- SD:56 +/- 39 ng/ml) whereas IGF II lies in the normal range (556 +/- 195 ng/ml).
Long Chain Omega-3 Dietary Supplements: A Review of the National Library of Medicine Herbal Supplement Database (2011)

The amount of EPA and DHA per recommended serving in these products was highly variable. Clinicians should heighten their scrutiny in terms of selection of the appropriate product.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α-(1→3)-Gal(NAc)-Terminating Glycosides of Complex Tertiary Sugar Alcohols (1999)

The scope of glycosyltransferases in the synthesis of oligosaccharide analogues has been expanded to include the use of “retaining” enzymes acting on complex tertiary C-branched disaccharide acceptors. The enzymes studied were α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3-GalT, EC 2.4.1.151), which uses Galβ1→4Glcβ-OR as the acceptor, and recombinant blood group A [α1,3-GalNAc transferase (GTA), EC 2.4.1.40] and B [α1,3-Gal transferase (GTB), EC 2.4.1.37] glycosyltransferases, which use Fucα1→2Galβ-OR as the acceptor in their biosynthetic reactions. Chemical synthesis produced acceptor analogues in which the ring carbon bearing the OH groups undergoing enzymatic glycosylation in the natural reactions had their C−H bond replaced with a C-methyl or C-propyl bond. The tertiary C-methyl alcohols proved to be kinetically competent substrates which permitted the enzymatic preparation of the expected product trisaccharides in near quantitative yields.
Beyond slogans: lessons from Uganda's experience with ABC and HIV/AIDS. (2004)

Between the late 1980s and mid-1990s, at a time when HIV/AIDS was well on its way toward ravaging sub-Saharan Africa, achieved an extraordinary feat. It stopped the spread of HIV/AIDS in its tracks and saw the nation's rate of infection plummet. As word of the Uganda miracle spread, journalists, researchers, policymakers and advocates all descended to try to ascertain how it was accomplished. By now, Uganda's success story has become virtually synonymous with the so-called ABC approach to HIV/AIDS prevention, for Abstain, Be faithful, use Condoms. And, indeed, it is clear that some combination of important changes in all three of these sexual behaviors contributed both to Uganda's extraordinary reduction in HIV/AIDS rates and to the country's ability to maintain its reduced rates through the second half of the 1990s. Beyond that, however, the picture becomes considerably less clear. ABC refers to individual behaviors, but it also refers to the program approach and content designed to lead to those behaviors. Researchers and public health experts continue to study both and to delve into the many and varied complex relationships among them. This information is critical to determining to what extent the experience really is replicable and what from that experience productively might be exportable to other countries. At the same time, much more research is needed into the relevance of the ABC approach for the prevention of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well as unintended pregnancy and the abortions or unplanned births that inevitably follow, both in sub-Saharan Africa and in other parts of the world. Meanwhile, US-based social conservatives in and out of government even as they pay homage to the ABC mantra-continue to confuse all of these issues. For them, ABC has become little more than an excuse and justification to promote their long-standing agenda regarding people's sexual behavior and the kind of sex education they should receive: A for all unmarried people, bolstered by advocacy of B, but at least for the so-called general population anything but C.
The RNA polymerase II core promoter: a key component in the regulation of gene expression (2002)

The development, growth, and survival of eukaryotic organisms require the proper regulation of tens of thousands of genes. By complex formulae that have yet to be solved, the expression of each of these thousands of genes is controlled by a wide variety of mechanisms (e.g., see Lefstin and Yamamoto 1998; Roeder 1998; Struhl 1999; Glass and Rosenfeld 2000; Lee and Young 2000; Lemon and Tjian 2000; Strahl and Allis 2000; Courey and Jia 2001; Smale 2001; White 2001; Zhang and Reinberg 2001; Emerson 2002; McKenna and O’Malley 2002; Narlikar et al. 2002; Orphanides and Reinberg 2002; West et al. 2002). In this review, we will focus on one of these regulatory components—the RNA polymerase II core promoter.
Synthesis of Benzimidazole KeteneN,S-Acetals and Their Reactions with Nucleophiles (2003)

Abstract The novel ketene thioacetal 4 and ketene N,S-acetal 5 were readily prepared by the reaction of 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole with either carbon disulfide or phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of a base, followed by alkylation of the produced salts with methyl iodide. The reaction of compounds 4 and 5 with hydrazines afforded different benzimidazolyl substituted pyrazoles.
The role of symmetries in adiabatic quantum algorithms (2007)

Exploiting the similarity between adiabatic quantum algorithms and quantum phase transitions, we argue that second-order transitions -- typically associated with broken or restored symmetries -- should be advantageous in comparison to first-order transitions. Guided by simple examples we construct an alternative adiabatic algorithm for the NP-complete problem {\em Exact Cover 3}. We show numerically that its average performance (for the considered cases up to ${\cal O}\{20\}$ qubits) is better than that of the conventional scheme. The run-time of adiabatic algorithms is not just determined by the minimum value of the fundamental energy gap (between the ground state and the exited states), but also by its curvature at the critical point. The proposed symmetry-restoring adiabatic quantum algorithm only contains contributions linear and quadratic in the Pauli matrices and can be generalized to other problem Hamiltonians which are decomposed of terms involving one and two qubits. We show how the factoring problem can be cast into such a quadratic form. These findings suggest that adiabatic quantum algorithms can solve a large class of NP problems much faster than the Grover search routine (which corresponds to a first-order transition and yields a quadratic enhancement only).
Induction of persistent tumor-protective immunity in mice cured of established colon carcinoma metastases. (1998)

The induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses that are effective in eradicating disseminated tumors and in mounting a persistent tumor-protective immunity is one of the major goals of tumor immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that we achieved this goal by directing interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the tumor microenvironment of colon carcinoma metastases in syngeneic mice with a recombinant antibody-IL-2 fusion protein (huKS1/4-IL-2). Eradication of established pulmonary metastases is induced by a CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response, which can be transmitted to naive syngeneic severe combined immunodeficient mice by adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from immune animals. This immune response was followed by the induction of a long-lived immunity against challenge up to 5 months later with CT26-KSA or wild-type CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells in BALB/c mice. This memory immune response was confirmed by flow cytometric analyses of CD8+ T cells isolated from secondary lymphoid tissue that revealed a phenotypic profile typical of early memory T cells. This long-lived protective tumor immunity was successfully boosted to become optimally effective in all experimental animals by injections of noncurative doses of IL-2 fusion protein 4 days after challenge with tumor cells. Taken together, our results indicate that the huKS1/4-IL-2 fusion protein elicits a long-lived cellular memory immune response that can be amplified by additional applications of IL-2 fusion proteins. This approach could become useful for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in an adjuvant setting, particularly in patients with minimal residual disease.
Isolation and Characterization of the Promoter of the Human Prostate Cancer-specific DD3 Gene (2000)

Recently, we have described a novel gene, DD3, which is one of the most prostate cancer-specific genes described to date (Bussemakers, M. J. G., van Bokhoven, A., Verhaegh, G. W., Smit, F. P., Karthaus, H. F. M., Schalken, J. A., Debruyne, F. M. J., Ru, N., and Isaacs, W. B. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 5975-5979). The prostate cancer-specific expression of DD3 indicates that the DD3 gene promoter is a promising tool for the treatment of prostate cancer. To identify the promoter elements that are responsible for the prostate cancer-specific expression of DD3, we have isolated and characterized the DD3 promoter. Sequence analysis of the DD3 5'-flanking region was performed and several promoter-human growth hormone reporter constructs were prepared, which were transiently transfected in the DD3-positive cell line LNCaP and several DD3-negative cell lines. Using a 500-base pair DD3 promoter construct, we could detect promoter activity in LNCaP cells, which was not affected by increasing the size of the constructs. Truncated constructs, however, showed an increased transcriptional activity, suggesting the presence of a silencer that negatively regulates the expression of DD3. DNase-I footprint analysis, using nuclear extracts from LNCaP cells, revealed the presence of three DNase-I-protected areas within the DD3 proximal promoter. We show that the high mobility group I(Y) protein binds to one of the DNase-I-protected areas and recruits another, yet unidentified, protein to the DD3 promoter in LNCaP cells.