gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptin: Therapeutic Potential of an Early Sensor of Carcinogenic Transformation (2007)

The avian virus-derived protein apoptin induces p53-independent apoptosis in a tumor-specific way. Apoptin acts as a multimeric complex and forms superstructures upon binding to DNA. In tumor cells, apoptin is phosphorylated and mainly nuclear, whereas in normal cells it is unphosphorylated, cytoplasmic, and becomes readily neutralized. Interestingly, apoptin phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and apoptosis can transiently be induced in normal cells by cotransfecting SV40 large T oncogene, indicating that apoptin recognizes early stages of oncogenic transformation. In cancer cells, apoptin appears to recognize survival signals, which it is able to redirect into cell death impulses. Apoptin targets include DEDAF, Nur77, Nmi, Hippi, and the potential drug target APC1. Apoptin-transgenic mice and animal tumor models have revealed apoptin as a safe and efficient antitumor agent, resulting in significant tumor regression. Future antitumor therapies could use apoptin either as a therapeutic bullet or as an early sensor of druggable tumor-specific processes.
Nutritional Regulation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors* (1994)

Nutrition is one of the main regulators of circulating IGF-I. In humans, serum IGF-I concentrations are markedly lowered by energy and/or protein deprivation. Both energy and proteins are critical in the regulation of serum IGF-I concentrations. Indeed, after fasting, optimal intake of both energy and protein is necessary for the rapid restoration of circulating IGF-I. We believe, however, that in adult humans energy may be somewhat more important than protein in this regard. While the lowest protein intake is able to increase IGF-I in the presence of adequate energy, there is a threshold energy requirement below which optimal protein intake fails to raise IGF-I after fasting. When energy intake is severely reduced, the carbohydrate content of the diet is a major determinant of responsiveness of IGF-I to GH. The essential amino acid content of the diet is also critical for the optimal restoration of IGF-I after fasting, when protein intake is reduced. The exquisite sensitivity of circulating IGF-I to nutrients, the nycthemeral stability of its concentrations and its relative short half-life constitute the basis for its use as a marker of both nutritional status and adequacy of nutritional rehabilitation. For these indications, IGF-I measurement is more sensitive and more specific than measurement of the other nutrient-related serum proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein). Animal models have been developed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the nutritional regulation of IGF-I. There is no doubt that many mechanisms are involved (Fig. 12). Decline of serum IGF-I in dietary restriction is independent of the diet-induced alterations in pituitary GH secretion. The role of the liver GH receptors is dependent on the severity of the nutritional insult. In severe dietary restriction (fasting), a marked decrease of the number of somatogenic receptors supports the role of a receptor defect in the decline of circulating IGF-I. In contrast, in less severe forms of dietary restriction (protein restriction), the decline of IGF-I results from a postreceptor defect in the GH action at the hepatic level. Nutritional deprivation decreases hepatic IGF-I production by diminishing IGF-I gene expression. Decline in IGF-I gene expression is mainly caused by nutrient deficiency and less importantly by the nutritionally induced hormonal changes (insulin and T3). Diet restriction also increases the clearance and degradation of serum IGF-I through changes in the levels of circulating IGFBPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Improving coupling efficiency of fiber-waveguide coupling with a double-tip coupler (2008)

A double-tip coupler that comprises two inversely and laterally tapered waveguides is experimentally demonstrated for efficient light coupling between a fiber and a sub-micron silicon nitride waveguide. The coupling efficiency of the fabricated double-tip coupler can be improved by as much as over 2 dB per coupling facet, compared with that of a single-tip one with the same tip width of 180 nm. The effect of the gap width of the double tips on the coupling efficiency is studied both in experiment and simulation.
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (2003)

Dioxygen activation by cytochromes P450 - a role for multiple oxidants in the oxidation of substrates, Alfin D.N. Vaz application of LC/MS, LC/NMR, NMR and stable isotopes in identifying and characterizing metabolites, A.E. Mutlib and John P. Shockcor bioactivation, Jack Uetrecht chemically reactive metabolites in drug discovery and development, Thomas A. Baillie cytochrome P450 and its place in drug discovery and development, Dennis Smith cytochrome P450 in laboratory animal species, Margit Spatzenegger, Stephanie L. Born and James R. Halpert typical and atypical enzyme, Kinetics J. Brian Houston, Kathryn E. Kenworthy and Aleksandra Galetin cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping, Larry C. Wienkers and Jeffrey C. Stevens drug-drug interactions and the cytochromes P450, Kenneth A. Bachmann, Barbara J. Ring and Steven A. Wrighton CYP gene induction by xenobiotics and drugs, Jean-Marc Pascussi, Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin, Martine Daujat, Lionel Drocourt, Lydiane Pichard-Garcia, Marie-Jose Vilarem, Patrick Maurel, Sylvie Klieber, Francois Torreilles, Martine Bourrie, Francois Guillou and Gerard Fabre cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics, Robert L. Haining and Aiming Yu role of intestinal cytochromes P450 in drug deposition, Mary F. Paine and Kenneth E. Thummel prediction of hepatic clearance in humans from experimental animals and in vitro data, Masato Chiba, Yoshihiro Shibata, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Yasuyuki Ishii and Yuichi Sugiyama non-P450 mediated oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, Dieter Lang and Amit S. Kalgutkar the role of sulfotransferases (SULTs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in human drug clearance and bioactivation, Michael W.H. Coughtrie and Michael B. Fisher.
Degradation of Fructans and Production of Propionic Acid by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are Enhanced by the Shortage of Amino Acids (2014)

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is commonly found in the human colon and stabilizes its ecosystem by catabolism of various polysaccharides. A model of cross-talk between the metabolism of amino acids and fructans in B. thetaiotaomicron was proposed. The growth of B. thetaiotaomicron DSM 2079 in two defined media containing mineral salts and vitamins, and supplemented with either 20 or 2 amino acids, was studied in an isothermal microcalorimeter. The polyfructans inulin (from chicory) and levan (synthesized using levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae), two fructooligosaccharide preparations with different composition, sucrose and fructose were tested as substrates. The calorimetric power-time curves were substrate specific and typically multiauxic. A surplus of amino acids reduced the consumption of longer oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization > 3). Bacterial growth was not detected either in the carbohydrate free medium containing amino acids or in the medium with inulin as a sole carbohydrate. In amino acid-restricted medium, fermentation leading to acetic acid formation was dominant at the beginning of growth (up to 24 h), followed by increased lactic acid production, and mainly propionic and succinic acids were produced at the end of fermentation. In the medium supplemented with 20 amino acids, the highest production of d-lactate (82 ± 33 mmol/gDW) occurred in parallel with extensive consumption (up to 17 mmol/gDW) of amino acids, especially Ser, Thr, and Asp. The production of Ala and Glu was observed at growth on all substrates, and the production was enhanced under amino acid deficiency. The study revealed the influence of amino acids on fructan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron and showed that defined growth media are invaluable in elucidating quantitative metabolic profiles of the bacteria. Levan was shown to act as an easily degradable substrate for B. thetaiotaomicron. The effect of levan on balancing or modifying colon microbiota will be studied in further experiments.
Ni(II)/Cr(II)-mediated coupling reaction: an asymmetric process (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNi(II)/Cr(II)-mediated coupling reaction: an asymmetric processChinpiao Chen, Katsuya Tagami, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 17, 5386–5387Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00122a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1331Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. (1989)

Mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61 of one of the three ras genes, H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, convert these genes into active oncogenes. Rapid assays for the detection of these point mutations have been developed recently and used to investigate the role mutated ras genes play in the pathogenesis of human tumors. It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly. The highest incidences are found in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (90%), the colon (50%), and the lung (30%); in thyroid tumors (50%); and in myeloid leukemia (30%). For some tumor types a relationship may exist between the presence of a ras mutation and clinical or histopathological features of the tumor. There is some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.
Influence of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient on the Prediction of Survival of Patients With Cirrhosis in the MELD Era * (2005)

Measurements of portal pressure, usually obtained via the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) may be a prognostic marker in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HVPG on survival in patients with cirrhosis in addition to the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. We also examined whether inclusion of HVPG in a model with MELD variables improves its prognostic ability. Retrospective analyses of all patients who had HVPG measurements between January 1998 and December 2002 were considered. Proportional hazards Cox models were developed. Prognostic calibrative and discriminative ability of the model was evaluated. In this period, 693 patients had a hepatic hemodynamic study, and 393 patients were included. Survival was significantly worse in those patients with greater HVPG value (univariate HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; P = .001). HVPG remained as an independent variable in a model adjusted by MELD, ascites, encephalopathy, and age (multivariate HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; P = .05) so that each 1-mmHg increase in HVPG had a 3% increase in death risk. In addition, HVPG as well as MELD score variables and age, significantly contributes to the calibrative predictive capacity of the prognostic model; however, discriminative ability improved only slightly (overall C statistic [95% CI]; MELD score variables: 0.71 [0.62-0.80], MELD score variables, age, and HVPG 0.76: [0.69-0.83]). In conclusion, HVPG has an independent effect on survival in addition to the MELD score. Although inclusion of HVPG and age in a survival predicting model would improve the calibrative ability of MELD, its discriminative ability is not significantly improved.
The locus control region is required for association of the murine β-globin locus with engaged transcription factories during erythroid maturation (2006)

We have examined the relationship between nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of the endogenous murine beta-globin locus during erythroid differentiation. Murine fetal liver cells were separated into distinct erythroid maturation stages by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and the nuclear position of the locus was determined at each stage. We find that the beta-globin locus progressively moves away from the nuclear periphery with increasing maturation. Contrary to the prevailing notion that the nuclear periphery is a repressive compartment in mammalian cells, beta(major)-globin expression begins at the nuclear periphery prior to relocalization. However, relocation of the locus to the nuclear interior with maturation is accompanied by an increase in beta(major)-globin transcription. The distribution of nuclear polymerase II (Pol II) foci also changes with erythroid differentiation: Transcription factories decrease in number and contract toward the nuclear interior. Moreover, both efficient relocalization of the beta-globin locus from the periphery and its association with hyperphosphorylated Pol II transcription factories require the locus control region (LCR). These results suggest that the LCR-dependent association of the beta-globin locus with transcriptionally engaged Pol II foci provides the driving force for relocalization of the locus toward the nuclear interior during erythroid maturation.
Classification of diffuse light emission profiles for distinguishing skin layer penetration of a needle-free jet injection (2019)

In this work, a system is developed for tracking the skin layer to which a needle-free jet injection of fluid has penetrated by incorporating a laser beam into the jet, and measuring the diffuse light emitted from skin tissue. Monitoring the injection in this way offers the ability to improve the reliability of drug delivery with this transdermal delivery method. A laser beam, axially aligned with a jet of fluid, created a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection progressed. High-speed videography was used to capture the diffuse light emission from laser-coupled jet injections into samples of porcine skin, fat, and muscle. The injection produced a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection descended. A classifier, trained to distinguish whether the light source was located in the fat or muscle from surface intensity profile measurements, correctly identified the injected layer in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>97.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the cases when cross-examined against estimates using the light distribution emitted from the side of the sample.
Detector array packaging technology for PLCs and its application in WDM subsystem (1999)

We describe the detector array packaging technology for a silica array waveguide grating (AWG) planar lightwave circuit (PLC). First, we show the design of a probe card on which the detector array mounts for the precision three-dimensional (3D) alignment. We then explain the process of packaging a 16-channel AWG at 200-GHz channel spacing with a 12-channel detector array. Experiment results showed that the total throughput loss is -6.1 dB. The influence of the distance between detector array and AWG during packaging has been studied. Finally, we discuss the applications of the detector array packaging technology.
On the Interaction of Melanoidin with Metallic Ions (1976)

Melanoidin, which is obtained from the browning solution prepared from glycine-D-glucose system by acid precipitation, displays a noticeable character attributable to an amphoteric polyvalent electrolyte with the isoelectric point at pH 2.5. The number of proton released during titration from the isoelectric point to pH 11.0 is ca. 500 per one molecule of melanoidin. Thus, melanoidin shows a remarkable coagulation in the presence of various metallic ions though affected by metal concentration, pH and the presence of other chelating agent such as EDTA. The behavior of melanoidin towards metallic ions is in common with anionic hydrophillic colloids. The metal binding ability of melanoidin was confirmed on the basis of difference spectra, titration curves and dialysis equilibria. The stability constants and the number of binding sites were approximately calculated from the results of dialysis equilibria in respect to Fe3+ and Cu2+. Melanoidin was evaluated as a powerful metal scavenger in an attempt to elucidate its antioxidative effect.
Specific microfluidic behavior of ternary mixed carrier solvents of water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate in open-tubular capillary chromatography and the chromatograms (2012)

We have developed a capillary chromatography system using an open-tubular capillary tube and a ternary water–hydrophilic–hydrophobic organic mixture carrier solution. We call the system “tube radial distribution chromatography (TRDC) system”. In this study, fluorescence photographs of the dyes dissolved in the ternary mixed carrier solvents in the TRDC were examined under various conditions concerning the inner diameters, tube temperatures, tube effective lengths, and flow rates (or average linear velocities). The TRDC system used an untreated fused-silica capillary tube and a ternary water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate mixture carrier solution (3 : 8 : 4 volume ratio; the organic solvent-rich solution). The tube radial distribution of the carrier solvents that generated the organic solvent-rich major inner phase and the water rich minor outer phase could be observed in 50–700 μm inner diameters of the tubes at an average linear velocity of 11 cm min−1 through the fluorescence microscope–CCD camera. The model analyte solution of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, and 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid was subjected to TRDC. They were separated and detected in this order with 50, 75, and 100 μm inner diameters of the open-tubular capillaries.
TXNIP Regulates Peripheral Glucose Metabolism in Humans (2007)

TXNIP regulates both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways of glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. Combined with recent studies that have implicated TXNIP in pancreatic beta-cell glucose toxicity, our data suggest that TXNIP might play a key role in defective glucose homeostasis preceding overt T2DM.
Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a novel EMT-based capture method. (2012)

10533 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential prognostic, predictive and surrogate implications in oncology. In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and breast cancer (BC), we have shown that CTCs isolated using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) ferromagnetic capture express mesenchymal markers, including N- and O-cadherin, suggesting phenotypic plasticity and the presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Therefore, we postulate that during metastasis, tumor cells exist as a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes and may not be captured with existing EpCAM-based CTC technology. The goal of this study is to identify CTCs in CRPC and BC patients using a novel mesenchymal-based capture method. Methods: In patients with advanced CRPC and BC, two EDTA and one CellSave tube of blood are collected. Using the CellSearch system (Veridex, USA), CTCs are captured with either anti-N-cadherin (N-cad) or anti-O-cadherin (O-cad) ferrofluid and detected cells (events) are defined as beta-catenin and DAPI positive, CD45 negative intact cells. We evaluated the performance of these EMT-based ferrofluids in healthy volunteers, control cells, and in a pilot study of patients with CRPC, and compared enumeration of cells using novel vs. standard EpCAM-based capture methods. Results: In healthy volunteers, rare events were detected using the novel capture methods. In CRPC patients, O-cad capture detected more events in 3 of 5 subjects than EpCAM-based capture, and the majority of captured cells were cytokeratin negative. See table below. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that a novel CTC phenotype exists in CRPC based on EMT properties, particularly overexpression of O-cadherin. Further characterization of these cells from patients with advanced PC, BC, and other solid tumors will provide insight into EMT and metastasis biology. [Table: see text]
DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL ENTERING NATIONAL PORTS: A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO RADIATION PORTAL DATA1 (2016)

Given the potential for illicit nuclear material being used for terrorism, most ports now inspect a large number of goods entering national borders for radioactive cargo. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is moving toward one hundred percent inspection of all containers entering the U.S. at various ports of entry for nuclear material. We propose a Bayesian classification approach for the real-time data collected by the inline Polyvinyl Toluene radiation portal monitors. We study the computational and asymptotic properties of the proposed method and demonstrate its efficacy in simulations. Given data available to the authorities, it should be feasible to implement this approach in practice.
Clopidogrel Use and Long-term Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation (2006)

The extended use of clopidogrel in patients with DES may be associated with a reduced risk for death and death or MI. However, the appropriate duration for clopidogrel administration can only be determined within the context of a large-scale randomized clinical trial.
Expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in human pregnant myometrium (2011)

Functional KATP channels are expressed in human pregnant myometrium. Down-regulation of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 expression in myometrium may contribute to the enhanced uterine contractility associated with the onset of labour.
Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated With the Use of the Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device (2001)

The vacuum-assisted wound closure technique and device (the V.A.C.) has become a widely accepted technique in the management of chronic and difficult wounds. The authors present the first reported case of toxic shock syndrome associated with its use. This article does not question the efficacy of the V.A.C. technique in the treatment of difficult wounds, but focuses on raising the index of suspicion of toxic shock syndrome in patients with wounds managed with the V.A.C. who develop early signs or symptoms that may be consistent with the diagnosis.