gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Amplified Quenching for Conjugated Polymer Microsphere Systems (2006)

A series of nonaggregating carboxylate-functionalized poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) have been synthesized for immobilization via electrostatic adsorption onto Eu3+-polystyrene microspheres with a mean diameter of 0.2 microm. This system is shown to constitute a ratiometric system that measures fluorescence quenching with high fidelity. The fluorescence quenching properties of the polymer-coated particles in response to methyl viologen and a naphthyl-functionalized viologen have been investigated in aqueous solutions to study the influence of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with pentiptycene-incorporated as well as macrocycle-containing polymers.
Virotherapy of Canine Tumors with Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus GLV-1h109 Expressing an Anti-VEGF Single-Chain Antibody (2012)

Virotherapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. We have previously reported that oncolytic vaccinia virus strains expressing an anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-1 exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy for treatment of human tumor xenografts. Here, we describe the use of oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h109 encoding GLAF-1 for canine cancer therapy. In this study we analyzed the virus-mediated delivery and production of scAb GLAF-1 and the oncolytic and immunological effects of the GLV-1h109 vaccinia virus strain against canine soft tissue sarcoma and canine prostate carcinoma in xenograft models. Cell culture data demonstrated that the GLV-1h109 virus efficiently infect, replicate in and destroy both tested canine cancer cell lines. In addition, successful expression of GLAF-1 was demonstrated in virus-infected canine cancer cells and the antibody specifically recognized canine VEGF. In two different xenograft models, the systemic administration of the GLV-1h109 virus was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor and immunological effects resulting in the significant reduction of tumor growth in comparison to untreated control mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to a continued production of functional scAb GLAF-1, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis. Overall, the GLV-1h109-mediated cancer therapy and production of immunotherapeutic anti-VEGF scAb may open the way for combination therapy concept i.e. vaccinia virus mediated oncolysis and intratumoral production of therapeutic drugs in canine cancer patients.
Design and Laboratory Tests of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Satellite (2015)

We describe the design and laboratory tests of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI), designed to measure thermospheric wind and temperature for the NASA-sponsored Ionospheric Connection (ICON) Explorer mission.
Phasic synaptic remodeling of the rat arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle depends on insulin-like growth factor-I receptor activation (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has trophic and plastic effects on neurons and glial cells and modulates neuroendocrine events by acting at the level of the hypothalamus. IGF-I and estrogen signaling interact to regulate in vitro hypothalamic neuronal survival and differentiation. In vivo, IGF-I levels fluctuate in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle in parallel with a phasic remodeling of synaptic contacts and glial cell processes. Both the fluctuation of IGF-I levels and the synaptic and glial changes are induced by estrogen. The possible role of IGF-I in the regulation of arcuate nucleus synaptic plasticity has been assessed in the present study by intracerebroventricular administration to cycling female rats of a specific IGF-I receptor antagonist. In agreement with previous findings, the number of synaptic inputs to arcuate neuronal somas in control rats showed a significant decrease between the morning of proestrus and the morning of estrus. This decline in synaptic inputs and the accompanying increase in glial ensheathing of neuronal somas were blocked by the IGF-I receptor antagonist. In contrast, the IGF-I receptor antagonist did not affect the basal number of synapses or the morphology of synaptic terminals or length of the synaptic contacts. These findings indicate that IGF-I receptor activation may be involved in the phasic remodeling of arcuate nucleus synapses during the estrous cycle. Res.
Apoptotic cells induce dendritic cell‐mediated suppression via interferon‐γ‐induced IDO (2008)

Dendritic cells (DC) are sensitive to their local environment and are affected by proximal cell death. This study investigated the modulatory effect of cell death on DC function. Monocyte-derived DC exposed to apoptotic Jurkat or primary T cells failed to induce phenotypic maturation of the DC and were unable to support CD4+ allogeneic T-cell proliferation compared with DC exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or necrotic cells. Apoptotic cells coincubated with LPS- or necrotic cell-induced mature DC significantly suppressed CD80, CD86 and CD83 and attenuated LPS-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation. Reduced levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-10, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were found to be concomitant with the suppressive activity of apoptotic cells upon DC. Furthermore, intracellular staining confirmed IFN-gamma expression by DC in association with apoptotic environments. The specific generation of IFN-gamma by DC within apoptotic environments is suggestive of an anti-inflammatory role by the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Both neutralization of IFN-gamma and IDO blockade demonstrated a role for IFN-gamma and IDO in the suppression of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that IDO expression within the DC was found to be IFN-gamma-dependent. Blocking transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) also produced a partial release in T-cell proliferation. Our study strongly suggests that apoptosis-induced DC suppression is not an immunological null event and two prime mediators underpinning these functional effects are IFN-gamma-induced IDO and TGF-beta.
Percutaneous Radio-frequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: Long-term Results in 117 Patients (2001)

RF ablation is an effective method to treat hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma.
Multiple growth factors, cytokines, and neurotrophins rescue photoreceptors from the damaging effects of constant light. (1992)

Recent demonstrations of survival-promoting activity by neurotrophic agents in diverse neuronal systems have raised the possibility of pharmacological therapy for inherited and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. We have shown previously that, in the retina, basic fibroblast growth factor delays photoreceptor degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats with inherited retinal dystrophy and that the growth factor reduces or prevents the rapid photoreceptor degeneration produced by constant light in the rat. This light-damage model now provides an efficient way to assess quantitatively the survival-promoting activity in vivo of a number of growth factors and other molecules. We report here that photoreceptors can be significantly protected from the damaging effects of light by intravitreal injection of eight different growth factors, cytokines, and neurotrophins that typically act through several distinct receptor families. In addition to basic fibroblast growth factor, those factors providing a high degree of photoreceptor rescue include brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, interleukin 1 beta, and acidic fibroblast growth factor; those with less activity include neurotrophin 3, insulin-like growth factor II, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; those showing little or no protective effect are nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, heparin, and laminin. Although we used at least one relatively high concentration of each agent (the highest available), it is still possible that other concentrations or factor combinations might be more protective. Injecting heparin along with acidic fibroblast growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor further enhanced the degree of photoreceptor survival and also suppressed the increased incidence of macrophages produced by either factor, especially basic fibroblast growth factor. These results now provide the impetus for determining the normal function in the retina, mechanism(s) of rescue, and therapeutic potential in human eye diseases for each agent.
Genomic instability in colorectal cancer: relationship to clinicopathological variables and family history. (1993)

Recent reports have suggested that one or more genes may cause replication errors (RER) during colorectal tumorigenesis. Additional alleles are seen in the tumors when analyzing random microsatellite loci. We have studied seven dinucleotide repeat loci, located on seven different chromosomes, by use of polymerase chain reaction amplification and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found that 16.5% (40 of 243) colorectal cancers showed RER at one or several loci (RER+). This includes 31% (4 of 13) among cases with a strong positive family history according to previously published criteria and 17% (35 of 207) among cases with no history of familial cancer. Interestingly, no significant association was found between RER+ tumors and a general familial clustering of cancer. Microsatellite instability was significantly associated with DNA diploid status of the tumor (P < 0.001), with the location of the tumor in the proximal colon (P < 0.001), and with poorly differentiated tumor phenotype (P < 0.001). Patients with RER+ at > or = 2 loci tumors had an increased survival (P = 0.05). We further analyzed 84 breast cancers and 86 male germ cell cancers using the same seven markers. None of the tumors were RER+, indicating that this phenomenon may be specific to certain types of tumors.
Engineered measles virus as a novel oncolytic viral therapy system for hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

The oncolytic measles virus Edmonston strain (MV-Edm), a nonpathogenic virus targeting cells expressing abundant CD46, selectively destroys neoplastic tissue. Clinical development of MV-Edm would benefit from noninvasive monitoring strategies to determine the speed and extent of the spread of the virus in treated patients and the location of virus-infected cells. We evaluated recombinant MV-Edm expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) for oncolytic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and efficiency in tracking viruses in vivo by noninvasive monitoring. CD46 expression in human HCC and primary hepatocytes was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Infectivity, syncytium formation, and cytotoxicity of recombinant MV-Edm in HCC cell lines were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, crystal violet staining, and the MTS assay. Transgene expression in HCC cell lines after infection with recombinant MV-Edm in vitro and in vivo was assessed by CEA concentration, 125I-uptake, and 123I-imaging studies. Toxicology studies were performed in Ifnar(KO)xCD46 transgenic mice. The CD46 receptor was highly expressed in HCC compared to nonmalignant hepatic tissue. Recombinant MV-Edm efficiently infected HCC cell lines, resulting in extensive syncytium formation followed by cell death. Transduction of HCC cell lines and subcutaneous HCC xenografts with recombinant MV-Edm resulted in high-level expression of transgenes in vitro and in vivo. MV-Edm was nontoxic in susceptible mice. Intratumoral and intravenous therapy with recombinant MV-Edm resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival with complete tumor regression in up to one third of animals. In conclusion, engineered MV-Edm may be a potent and novel cancer gene therapy system for HCC. MV-Edm expressing CEA or hNIS elicited oncolytic effects in human HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo, enabling the spread of the virus to be monitored in a noninvasive manner.
The 5'-untranslated regions of picornavirus RNAs contain independent functional domains essential for RNA replication and translation (1994)

The role of the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) in the replication of enteroviruses has been studied by using a series of poliovirus type 3 (PV3) replicons containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in which the 5'UTR was replaced by the 5'UTR of either coxsackievirus B4 or human rhinovirus 14 or composite 5'UTRs derived from sequences of PV3, human rhinovirus 14, coxsackievirus B4, or encephalomyocarditis virus. The results indicate that efficient replication of an enterovirus genome requires a compatible interaction between the 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure and the coding and/or 3'-noncoding regions of the genome. A crucial determinant of this interaction is the stem-loop formed by nucleotides 46 to 81 (stem-loop d). The independence of the cloverleaf structure formed by the 5'-terminal 88 nucleotides and the ribosome landing pad or internal ribosome entry site (IRES) was investigated by constructing a 5'UTR composed of the PV3 cloverleaf and the IRES from encephalomyocarditis virus. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene-containing replicons and viruses containing this recombinant 5'UTR showed levels of replication similar to those of the corresponding genomes containing the complete PV3 5'UTR, indicating that the cloverleaf and the IRES may be regarded as functionally independent and nonoverlapping elements.
Increased Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by a Novel Tumor-Targeted TRAIL Fusion Protein Combined With Bortezomib (2012)

EGFR-targeted TRAIL reveals increased antitumor activity toward HCC without inducing toxicity to tumor-free liver tissue and might therefore represent a promising novel strategy for HCC treatment.
Small-Scale Ammonia Production from Biomass: A Techno-Enviro-Economic Perspective (2016)

Ammonia production has traditionally been based on large-scale plants. The thrust toward large-scale production to gain economic advantages has overshadowed the benefits that could be derived from small-scale production plants. Additionally, the ammonia industry consumes a major chunk of global fossil fuels, which also burdens the planet with greenhouse gases. To effectively counter these issues, this study investigates the production of ammonia from biomass. Processes based on biomass plants are usually small-scale and are limited by biomass supply. To ensure sustainable ammonia production, this study tries to highlight the techno-economic advantages that result from small-scale ammonia plants based on biomass feedstock. This paper proposes a new process that takes inputs from a relatively old, natural gas based process (leading concept ammonia) specifically designed for small-scale ammonia manufacture and couples it with a recently developed dual fluidized bed technology for biomass feedstock. Two different flowsheet configurations are simulated rigorously and compared to gain a better understanding of the process. The flowsheets are optimized, and energy integration is performed to provide a wider insight. The life cycle assessment calculations that are carried out using ASPEN Plus simulation results and ecoinvent databases predict a CO2 emissions reduction of 54–68% when compared to conventional ammonia plants.
Historical perspective and recent insights into our understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of the antitumor properties of mda-7/IL-24 (2009)

A subtraction hybridization approach combined with a differentiation therapy model of human melanoma identified melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) as a gene upregulated during induction of terminal differentiation. Based on conserved structure, chromosomal location and cytokine-like properties, mda-7, has now been classified as a member of the expanding interleukin (IL)-10 gene family and designated as mda-7/IL-24. Extensive in vitro and in vivo human tumor xenograft studies confirm that mda-7/IL-24 induces apoptosis specifically in tumor cells without harming normal cells. Unique properties of mda-7/IL-24 action also include potent "bystander antitumor" activity, an ability to exert anti-angiogenic effects, immune modulating ability and a capacity to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy. Very recent studies from our groups further reveal autocrine regulation and chemoprevention facilitating properties of mda-7/IL-24. Based on these remarkable antitumor attributes, mda-7/IL-24 was evaluated by intratumoral injection with a replication incompetent adenovirus expressing this gene (Ad.mda-7; INGN 241) in a phase I clinical trial in patients with metastatic melanomas and other advanced solid cancers. mda-7/IL-24 was well tolerated with significant clinical activity. This review highlights our current understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of mda-7/IL-24 antitumor properties and highlights its potential as a viable gene-based therapy for a wide spectrum of primary and advanced cancers.
Programmable large area digital microfluidic array with integrated droplet sensing for bioassays (2012)

We describe a new device concept for digital microfluidics, based on an active matrix electrowetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device. A conventional EWOD device is limited by the number of electrical connections that can be made practically, which restricts the number and type of droplet operations. In an AM-EWOD, the patterned electrodes of a conventional EWOD device are replaced by a thin film transistor (TFT) array, as found in a liquid crystal display (LCD), facilitating independent control of each electrode. The arrays can have many thousand individually addressable electrodes, are fully reconfigurable and can be programmed to support multiple simultaneous operations. Each element is 210 μm × 210 μm in size and contains a circuit that measures the electrical impedance of the liquid above it. This is used to determine the presence and size of a droplet, a method that can improve assay reliability and accuracy. This sensor provides feedback, error detection and closed loop control of an assay sequence. We describe the design, fabrication and testing of a 64 × 64 format AM-EWOD device with impedance sensor functionality. A colorimetric assay is implemented on the device and used to measure glucose in human blood serum. Results are compared with the same assay performed on a microtitre plate.
Computational Evidence for the Role of Arabidopsis thaliana UVR8 as UV–B Photoreceptor and Identification of Its Chromophore Amino Acids (2011)

A homology model of the Arabidopsis thaliana UV resistance locus 8 (UVR8) protein is presented herein, showing a seven-bladed β-propeller conformation similar to the globular structure of RCC1. The UVR8 amino acid sequence contains a very high amount of conserved tryptophans, and the homology model shows that seven of these tryptophans cluster at the 'top surface’ of the UVR8 protein where they are intermixed with positive residues (mainly arginines) and a couple of tyrosines. Quantum chemical calculations of excitation spectra of both a large cluster model involving all twelve above-mentioned residues and smaller fragments thereof reveal that absorption maxima appearing in the 280–300 nm range for the full cluster result from interactions between the central tryptophans and surrounding arginines. This observation coincides with the published experimentally measured action spectrum for the UVR8-dependent UV–B stimulation of HY5 transcription in mature A. thaliana leaf tissue. In total these findings suggest that UVR8 has in fact in itself the ability to be an ultraviolet-B photoreceptor in plants.
Hafnium and zirconium silicates for advanced gate dielectrics (2000)

Hafnium and zirconium silicate (HfSixOy and ZrSixOy, respectively) gate dielectric films with metal contents ranging from ∼3 to 30 at. % Hf, or 2 to 27 at. % Zr (±1 at. % for Hf and Zr, respectively, within a given film), have been investigated, and films with ∼2–8 at. % Hf or Zr exhibit excellent electrical properties and high thermal stability in direct contact with Si. Capacitance–voltage measurements show an equivalent oxide thickness tox of about 18 Å (21 Å) for a 50 Å HfSixOy (50 Å ZrSixOy) film deposited directly on a Si substrate. Current–voltage measurements show for the same films a leakage current of less than 2×10−6 A/cm2 at 1.0 V bias. Hysteresis in these films is measured to be less than 10 mV, the breakdown field is measured to be EBD∼10 MV/cm, and the midgap interface state density is estimated to be Dit∼1–5×1011 cm−2 eV−1. Au electrodes produce excellent electrical properties, while Al electrodes produce very good electrical results, but also react with the silicates, creating a lower ε layer at the metal interface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that the dielectric films are amorphous silicates, rather than crystalline or phase-separated silicide and oxide structures. TEM shows that these films remain amorphous and stable up to at least 1050 °C in direct contact with Si substrates.
A novel dehydrogenation occurring during the synthesis of the new heterocyclic system 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b][2,7]naphthyridin‐8‐one (1975)

Abstract 1,3‐Disubstituted‐5‐aminopyrazoles and N ‐alkyl‐3‐carbethoxy‐4‐piperidones condense in refluxing acetic acid to give 1,3,6‐trisubstituted 4,5‐dihydro‐1 H ‐pyrazolo[3,4‐ b ][2,7]naphthyridin‐8(6 H )ones (a new heterocyclic system) with loss of one molecule of hydrogen.
書寫香港 : 王安憶、施叔育、西西的香港故事 (1999)

作者嘗試透過王安憶的〈香港的情與愛〉、施叔青的《她名叫蝴蝶》和西西的《飛氈》，探討表述的複雜本質，其中當然牽涉本土聲音、自我/他者、作家的自我定位等問題。正如作者所說，今天自作者與他者已經難有一個簡單的界分，作者的目的並不在於分辨誰的才是“本土聲音”，而是希望從她們的自我定位與寫作位置出發，一方面分析她們的書寫策略如何與本土/外來、殖民/反殖民、身分政治等後殖民論述的核心課題交結糾纏，她們的文本呈現怎樣的(後)殖民面貌；另一方面也透過分析她們的文本，探討當前文化論述的一些問題。
Introduction (2016)

Extract My agenda will be the role of folk music, broadly defined, during the trying years of the Great Depression in the United States, 1929–40. I will particularly focus on the role of left-wing political groups and individuals. “Folk music” is a slippery term including older rural, vernacular songs and styles, mostly derived from British and African roots, as well as more modern personal, topical, and event songs played on acoustic instruments. Commercial compositions from the nineteenth century, such as the songs of Stephen Foster, could even be considered folk songs within a few decades.1Close Historians have interpreted the vibrant and complex Depression years in various and conflicting ways. Michael Denning’s influential book The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century begins with the question, “Why did the left have a powerful, indeed an unprecedented, impact on US culture in the 1930s?” In response, he asserts, “The broad cultural social movement known as the Popular Front was the ground on which the workers theaters, proletarian literary magazines, and film unions stood; it was … a radical social-democratic movement forged around anti-fascism, anti-lynching, and the industrial unionism of the CIO.”2Close