gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of lipoprotein lipase activity by apolipoproteins. Effect of apolipoprotein C-III. (1985)

From a total of 22 hypertriglyceridemic subjects tested, 14 subjects were selected on the basis of normal postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and the presence of LPL inhibitory activity in their fasting plasma. The inhibitory activity was detected in both the lipoprotein fraction (d less than 1.25 g/ml) and the lipoprotein-deficient fraction (d greater than 1.25 g/ml). Correlational analyses of LPL inhibitory activity and apolipoprotein levels present in the lipoprotein fraction (d less than 1.25 g/ml) indicated that only apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) was significantly correlated (r = 0.602, P less than 0.05) with the inhibition activity of the lipoprotein fraction. Furthermore, it was found that LPL-inhibitory activities of the plasma lipoprotein fraction and lipoprotein-deficient fraction were also correlated (r = 0.745, P less than 0.005), though the activity in the lipoprotein-deficient plasma was not related to the ApoC-III or apolipoprotein E levels. Additional correlational analyses indicated that the LPL levels in the postheparin plasma of these subjects were inversely related to the levels of plasma apolipoproteins C-II, C-III, and E. To explain some of these observations, we directly examined the in vitro effect of ApoC-III on LPL activity. The addition of ApoC-III-2 resulted in a decreased rate of lipolysis of human very low density lipoproteins by LPL. Kinetic analyses indicated that ApoC-III-2 was a noncompetitive inhibitor of LPL suggesting a direct interaction of the inhibitor with LPL. Results of these studies suggest that ApoC-III may represent a physiologic modulator of LPL activity levels and that the incidence of LPL inhibitory activity in the plasma of hypertriglyceridemic subjects is more common than previously recognized.
Free-viewpoint video of human actors (2003)

In free-viewpoint video, the viewer can interactively choose his viewpoint in 3-D space to observe the action of a dynamic real-world scene from arbitrary perspectives. The human body and its motion plays a central role in most visual media and its structure can be exploited for robust motion estimation and efficient visualization. This paper describes a system that uses multi-view synchronized video footage of an actor's performance to estimate motion parameters and to interactively re-render the actor's appearance from any viewpoint.The actor's silhouettes are extracted from synchronized video frames via background segmentation and then used to determine a sequence of poses for a 3D human body model. By employing multi-view texturing during rendering, time-dependent changes in the body surface are reproduced in high detail. The motion capture subsystem runs offline, is non-intrusive, yields robust motion parameter estimates, and can cope with a broad range of motion. The rendering subsystem runs at real-time frame rates using ubiquous graphics hardware, yielding a highly naturalistic impression of the actor. The actor can be placed in virtual environments to create composite dynamic scenes. Free-viewpoint video allows the creation of camera fly-throughs or viewing the action interactively from arbitrary perspectives.
Signals and mechanisms for protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (1999)

After their co-translational insertion into the ER lumen or the ER membrane, most proteins are transported via the Golgi apparatus downstream on the secretory pathway while a few protein species are retained in the ER. Polypeptide retention in the ER is either signal-independent or depends on specific retention signals encoded by the primary sequence of the polypeptide. A first category, i.e. the newly synthesized polypep-tides that are unable to reach their final conformation, are retained in the ER where this quality control generally results in their degradation. A second category, namely the ER-resident proteins escape the bulk flow of secretion due to the presence of a specific N- or C-terminal signal that interacts with integral membrane or soluble receptors. ER retention of soluble proteins mediated by either KDEL, HDEL or related sequences and membrane receptors has been relatively well characterized in plants. Recent efforts have aimed at a characterization of the retention signal(s) of type I membrane proteins in the plant ER.
Probing the substrate specificity of hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease by using synthetic peptides (1997)

We probed the substrate specificity of a recombinant noncovalent complex of the full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease and NS4A cofactor, using a series of small synthetic peptides derived from the three trans-cleavage sites of the HCV nonstructural protein sequence. We observed a distinct cleavage site preference exhibited by the enzyme complex. The values of the turnover number (k(cat)) for the most efficient NS4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B peptide substrates were 1.6, 11, and 8 min(-1), respectively, and the values for the corresponding Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) were 280, 160, and 16 microM, providing catalytic efficiency values (k(cat)/Km) of 92, 1,130, and 8,300 M(-1) s(-1). An alanine-scanning study for an NS5A/5B substrate (P6P4') revealed that P1 Cys and P3 Val were critical. Finally, substitutions at the scissile P1 Cys residue by homocysteine (Hcy), S-methylcysteine (Mcy), Ala, S-ethylcysteine (Ecy), Thr, Met, D-Cys, Ser, and penicillamine (Pen) produced progressively less efficient substrates, revealing a stringent stereochemical requirement for a Cys residue at this position.
Bifunctional Surfaces with Superhydrophobic and Plasmonic Properties (2011)

A new development in the method of oxide-initiated silver nanoparticle generation is explored to elaborate superhydrophobic surfaces with plasmonic properties. By comparing two types of substrates, naked or silane-coated ZrO2 films on Pyrex, it is shown how this initial difference modifies the nanostructure of the silver film and both the wetting and the plasmonic properties, after thiol functionalization of the nanoparticles. On naked ZrO2, the silver surface is hydrophobic with a large hysteresis of contact angle, while on silane-coated ZrO2, the silver surface can be superhydrophobic. These surfaces exhibit an intriguing antireflective effect. The sample transparency is limited in the visible wavelength range by the plasmon band of the nanoparticles.
Mechanism of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced diuresis (1988)

In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to assess the mechanism of the diuretic effect of B-HT 933, a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. In conscious Sprague-Dawley rats whose plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels were increased by infusion of hypertonic NaCl, B-HT 933 had no effect on AVP secretion. In Brattleboro homozygous (DI) rats, the antidiuretic dose response to AVP was shifted to the right by B-HT 933. In addition, a sustained antidiuresis induced in rats by infusion of 10 pg/min AVP was attenuated by B-HT 933 in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of DI rats with pertussis toxin (2 micrograms/kg iv) 4-5 days before testing abolished the inhibitory effect of B-HT 933 on AVP-induced antidiuresis. In outer medullary collecting ducts of DI rats, norepinephrine and B-HT 933 produced significant inhibition of AVP-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. In contrast, the selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline had no effect on AVP-induced cAMP formation. The inhibitory effect of norepinephrine was antagonized by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine but not by prazosin, a selective alpha 1-antagonist. In outer medullary collecting ducts dissected from the pertussis toxin-treated DI rats used in the in vivo studies, the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine and B-HT 933 on AVP-stimulated cAMP accumulation was abolished. The results indicate that the hydrosmotic action of AVP is inhibited by alpha 2-agonists via a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism.
Dissemination of knowledge and the quality of care (1998)

The eighth conference on Advances in Wound Management, held recently in Madrid, has confirmed the ever-increasing interest in this specialty. International conferences provide a forum for the exchange of knowledge, research and innovations in practice between experts in the field. All healthcare professionals, not just the great and good in wound care, welcome this opportunity to broaden their knowledge and improve their practice.
Isolation and Characterization of Human Fast Skeletal β Troponin T cDNA: Comparative Sequence Analysis of Isoforms and Insight into the Evolution of Members of a Multigene Family (1994)

A cDNA encoding human fast skeletal beta troponin T (beta TnTf) has been isolated and characterized from a fetal skeletal muscle library. The cDNA insert is 1,000 bp in length and contains the entire coding region of 777 bp and 5' and 3' untranslated (UT) segments of 12 and 211 bp, respectively. The 3' UT segment shows the predicted stem-loop structure typical of eukaryotic mRNAs. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequence is the first available sequence for human beta TnTf protein. It is encoded by a single-copy gene that is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in fetal and adult fast skeletal muscles. Although the human beta TnTf represents the major fetal isoform, the sequence information indicates that this cDNA and the coded protein are quite distinct from the fetal and neonatal TnTf isoforms reported in other mammalian fetal muscles. The hydropathy plot indicates that human beta TnTf is highly hydrophilic along its entire length. The protein has an extremely high degree of predicted alpha-helical content involving the entire molecule except the carboxy-terminal 30 residues. Comparative sequence analysis reveals that the human beta TnTf shares a high level of sequence similarity in the coding region with other vertebrate TnTf and considerably reduced similarity with slow skeletal and cardiac TnT cDNAs. The TnT isoforms have a large central region consisting of amino acid residues 46-204 which shows a high sequence conservation both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. This conserved region is flanked by the variable carboxy-terminal and an extremely variable amino-terminal segment. The tropomyosin-binding peptide of TnT, which is represented by amino acid residues 47-151 and also includes a part of troponin I binding region, is an important domain of this central segment. It is suggested that this conserved segment is encoded by an ancestral gene. The variable regions of vertebrate striated TnT isoforms reflect the subsequent addition and modification of genomic sequences to give rise to members of the TnT multigene family.
Molecular Recognition and Transport of Nucleobases—Superiority of Macrobicyclic Host Molecules (1991)

Certain purine and pyrimidine bases form stable complexes with N-benzylated triscatechol macrobicycles (1), because the cavity is the right size and potential hydrogen bonding sites are present. The results stimulate the question whether siderophores play a role in the transport of nucleobases or nucleotides in biological systems.
Common organization of gene clusters for production of different capsular polysaccharides (K antigens) in Escherichia coli (1988)

Southern blot analysis of cloned K5- and K7-antigen genes, using DNA fragments from cloned K1 genes as radiolabeled probes, demonstrated that each K-antigen gene cluster is organized in a manner similar to that shown for the K1 antigen. That is, a central DNA segment unique for a given antigen type is flanked by DNA sequences that encode common functions for the management of intracellular polymer. This has been confirmed by transposon and deletion mutagenesis of plasmids carrying the K5 and K7 genes. We also describe a series of complementation experiments in which transport or postpolymerizational modification functions for one K antigen are used to complement mutations in the corresponding regions of a different K-antigen gene cluster. Thus, postpolymerizational modification of polysaccharide and transport of mature polysaccharide from the periplasmic space are common mechanisms and are independent of polysaccharide structure.
In vitro evaluation of activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae (1992)

The in vitro activities of azithromycin (CP-62,993; Pfizer), erythromycin, and tetracycline were evaluated by inhibiting Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, formerly TWAR, propagation in vitro in McCoy cells, HeLa cells, and HL cells. Eleven clinical isolates of C. trachomatis (serovars D, E, F, J, K, and L2) and four strains of C. pneumoniae were tested with an inoculum of 10(3) inclusion-forming units in a 96-well microtiter plate. The MIC ranges of these antimicrobial agents against C. trachomatis were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 0.5 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 0.1 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges, calculated from passage into antibiotic-free medium, were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.5 to 8.0 micrograms/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. The MIC ranges for C. pneumoniae in both HeLa and HL cells were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 1.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges were as follows: azithromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. From the results of this in vitro study, azithromycin appears to be an effective antibiotic comparable to tetracycline and erythromycin for use in the treatment of both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infections.
Characterization of the Streptococcus pneumoniae NADH oxidase that is required for infection (2001)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen capable of causing serious infections. NADH oxidase, a factor necessary for infection, was previously identified as part of a signature-tagged mutagenesis screen of a S. pneumoniae clinical isolate, 0100993. The mutant, with a plasmid insertion disrupting the nox gene, was attenuated for virulence in a murine respiratory tract infection model. A complete refined nox deletion mutant was generated by allelic-replacement mutagenesis and found to be attenuated for virulence 10(5)-fold in the murine respiratory tract infection model and at least 10(4)-fold in a Mongolian gerbil otitis media infection model, confirming the importance of the NADH oxidase for both types of S. pneumoniae infection. NADH oxidase converts O(2) to H(2)O. If O(2) is not fully reduced, it can form superoxide anion (O2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), both of which can be toxic to cells. Bacterial cell extracts from the allelic-replacement mutant were found to lack NADH oxidase activity and the mutant was unable to grow exponentially under conditions of vigorous aeration. In contrast, the mutant displayed normal growth characteristics under conditions of limited aeration. The S. pneumoniae nox gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The purified His-tagged NADH oxidase was shown to oxidize NADH with a K:(m) of 32 microM, but was unable to oxidize NADPH. Oxidation of NADH was independent of exogenous FAD or FMN.
An Approach for Detecting and Distinguishing Errors versus Attacks in Sensor Networks (2006)

Distributed sensor networks are highly prone to accidental errors and malicious activities, owing to their limited resources and tight interaction with the environment. Yet only a few studies have analyzed and coped with the effects of corrupted sensor data. This paper contributes with the proposal of an on-the-fly statistical technique that can detect and distinguish faulty data from malicious data in a distributed sensor network. Detecting faults and attacks is essential to ensure the correct semantic of the network, while distinguishing faults from attacks is necessary to initiate a correct recovery action. The approach uses hidden Markov models (HMMs) to capture the error/attack-free dynamics of the environment and the dynamics of error/attack data. It then performs a structural analysis of these HMMs to determine the type of error/attack affecting sensor observations. The methodology is demonstrated with real data traces collected over one month of observation from motes deployed on the Great Duck Island
Genotypes, Phenotypes, and the Brain (1993)

The history of psychiatric research on genotypes, phenotypes, and the brain reveals much about the role of these concepts in our past and current understanding of schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. Although interest in each topic is old by the standards of our young science, all have waxed and waned in their influence during our brief history. By ‘genotype’ I mean the hereditary constitution consisting of the genetic code, and by ‘phenotype’ I mean the physical expression of those genes throughout the life cycle of the individual. The relevance of the genotype to our field was recognised during the time of Charles Darwin, and reflected in the views of Henry Maudsley. Early optimism about the role that genetics would play in our understanding of mental disorder was tempered by the failure to find patterns of inheritance that corresponded to those described by Mendel. Enthusiasm about the study of genetic influences on human attributes was further attenuated when pseudo-genetics was embraced as a rationale for the horror of genocide. There has been a long and honourable history of genetic research in psychiatry, sustained by individuals such as Dr Eliot Slater (the 35th Maudsley lecturer and then Director of the Medical Research Council Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit at the Maudsley Hospital), but a renewal of the early excitement about genetic research has been engendered largely by recent developments in molecular biology.
Silicon micromachined hollow microneedles for transdermal liquid transfer (2003)

This paper presents an improved design and fabrication process for hollow micro needles with the proper mechanical strength and sharpness to be applied for painless transdermal transfer of liquids. Tests have shown that liquids like blood are drawn into the needle by capillary forces, reducing the need for active pumping. The fabrication method allows different needle shapes like blades and pencils, is robust enough to be applied for larger scale production, and enables the development of a complete micro-TAS for e.g. blood analysis.
Rerouting lipoprotein nanoparticles to selected alternate receptors for the targeted delivery of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents (2005)

We report that a lipoprotein-based nanoplatform generated by conjugating tumor-homing molecules to the protein components of naturally occurring lipoproteins reroutes them from their normal lipoprotein receptors to other selected cancer-associated receptors. Multiple copies of these targeting moieties may be attached to the same nanoparticle, or a variety of different targeting moieties can be attached. Such a diverse set of tumor-homing molecules could be used to create a variety of conjugated lipoproteins as multifunctional, biocompatible nanoplatforms with a broad application to both cancer imaging and treatment. The same principle can be applied to imaging and treatment of other diseases and for monitoring specific tissues. To validate this concept, we prepared a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-based folate receptor (FR)-targeted agent by conjugating folic acid to the Lys residues of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 protein. To demonstrate the ability of the lipoprotein-based nanoplatform to deliver surface-loaded and core-loaded payloads, the particles were labeled either with the optical reporter 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine that was intercalated in the phospholipid monolayer or with the lipophilic photodynamic therapy agent, tetra-t-butyl-silicon phthalocyanine bisoleate, that was reconstituted into the lipid core. Cellular localization of the labeled LDL was monitored by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in FR-overexpressing KB cells, in FR-nonexpressing CHO and HT-1080 cells, and in LDL receptor-overexpressing HepG2 cells. These studies demonstrate that the folic acid conjugation to the Lys side-chain amino groups blocks binding to the normal LDL receptor and reroutes the resulting conjugate to cancer cells through their FRs.
Multiphoton Microscopy of Endogenous Fluorescence Differentiates Normal, Precancerous, and Cancerous Squamous Epithelial Tissues (2005)

This study characterizes the morphologic features and the endogenous fluorescence in the stratified squamous epithelia of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated hamster cheek pouch model of carcinogenesis using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). MPLSM allows high-resolution, three-dimensional image data to be collected deeper within thick tissue samples with reduced phototoxicity compared with single-photon imaging. Three-dimensional image stacks of normal (n = 13), precancerous (dysplasia, n = 12; carcinoma in situ, n = 9) and cancerous tissue [nonpapillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n = 10, and papillary SCC, n = 7] sites in the hamster cheek pouch were collected in viable, unsectioned tissue biopsies at a two-photon excitation wavelength of 780 nm. Five features were quantified from the MPLSM images. These included nuclear density versus depth, keratin layer thickness, epithelial thickness, and the fluorescence per voxel in the keratin and epithelial layers. Statistically significant differences in all five features were found between normal and both precancerous and cancerous tissues. The only exception to this was a lack of statistically significant differences in the keratin fluorescence between normal tissues and papillary SCCs. Statistically significant differences were also observed in the epithelial thickness of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, and in the keratin layer thickness of dysplasia and SCCs (both nonpapillary and papillary). This work clearly shows that three-dimensional images from MPLSM of endogenous tissue fluorescence can effectively distinguish between normal, precancerous, and cancerous epithelial tissues. This study provides the groundwork for further exploration into the application of multiphoton fluorescence endoscopy in a clinical setting.