gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to Make Reliable, Washable, and Wearable Textronic Devices (2017)

In this paper, the washability of wearable textronic (textile-electronic) devices has been studied. Two different approaches aiming at designing, producing, and testing robust washable and reliable smart textile systems are presented. The common point of the two approaches is the use of flexible conductive PCB in order to interface the miniaturized rigid (traditional) electronic devices to conductive threads and tracks within the textile flexible fabric and to connect them to antenna, textile electrodes, sensors, actuators, etc. The first approach consists in the use of TPU films (thermoplastic polyurethane) that are deposited by the press under controlled temperature and pressure parameters in order to protect the conductive thread and electrical contacts. The washability of conductive threads and contact resistances between flexible PCB and conductive threads are tested. The second approach is focused on the protection of the whole system-composed of a rigid electronic device, flexible PCB, and textile substrate-by a barrier made of latex. Three types of prototypes were realized and washed. Their reliabilities are studied.
The Surface Activity of Silicones: A Short Review (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Surface Activity of Silicones: A Short ReviewMichael J. OwenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1980, 19, 1, 97–103Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360073a023https://doi.org/10.1021/i360073a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1164Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
New Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Affected in the Transport of Proteins From the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Complex (1996)

We have isolated new temperature-sensitive mutations in five complementation groups, sec31-sec35, that are defective in the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. The sec31-sec35 mutants and additional alleles of previously identified sec and vacuolar protein sorting (vps) genes were isolated in a screen based on the detection of alpha-factor precursor in yeast colonies replicated to and lysed on nitrocellulose filters. Secretory protein precursors accumulated in sec31-sec35 mutants at the nonpermissive temperature were core-glycosylated but lacked outer chain carbohydrate, indicating that transport was blocked after translocation into the ER but before arrival in the Golgi complex. Electron microscopy revealed that the newly identified sec mutants accumulated vesicles and membrane structures reminiscent of secretory pathway organelles. Complementation analysis revealed that sec32-1 is an allele of BOS1, a gene implicated in vesicle targeting to the Golgi complex, and sec33-1 is an allele of RET1, a gene that encodes the alpha subunit of coatomer.
Synthesis and ethanol sensing properties of indium-doped tin oxide nanowires (2006)

Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) nanowires are synthesized in mass production via thermal evaporation of In2O3, SnO, and graphite mixture powders. The transverse sizes of these nanowires range from 70 to 150 nm, and the lengths are up to several tens of micrometers. The three elements In, Sn, and O uniformly distribute over the whole nanowire, respectively. The atomic concentration of In is about 5%. The gas sensors realized from these ITO nanowires are very sensitive to ethanol gas, and the sensitivity is about 40 against 200ppm ethanol at the work temperature of 400°C. Both the response and recovery time are shorter than 2s. These results suggest that ITO nanowires are good candidates for fabricating gas sensors.
Prospects for drug therapy for hyperlipoproteinaemia. (1995)

Prospects for therapy for hyperlipoproteinaemia are likely to rely more heavily on improvement of known molecules than on development of new ones aimed at various components of the plasma lipid transport system. Promising advances are revealed in both directions. A new synthetic inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, atorvastatin, lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol with greater potency than currently available drugs of this class. A highly selective thyromimetic, CGS 26214, virtually devoid of cardiovascular effects, has potent cholesterol-lowering activity in several models, reduces post-prandial response to a fat load in rats and markedly lowers Lp(a) concentrations in monkeys. There is a trend to develop inhibitors of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with more than one desirable activity. Thus, ACA-147, which inhibits cholesterol absorption, reduces LDL, prevents their oxidation and increases HDL-cholesterol, was antiatherogenic in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Sch48461 has emerged as an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption by an as yet unknown mechanism unrelated to ACAT inhibition, while a synthetic saponin, CP- 148,623, which prevents the entry of cholesterol into intestinal mucosa, has a potential for combination therapy. Approaches which may find applications in a more distant future include molecular cages to trap cholesterol selectively, "cholesterol vaccination", overexpression of the apolipoprotein E gene in the skin, and gene therapy. With improvements in understanding of the pathophysiology of dyslipoproteinaemias, drug discovery and development may focus more in future on the specific causes of disease.
Machine learning attacks against the Asirra CAPTCHA (2008)

The Asirra CAPTCHA [EDHS2007], proposed at ACM CCS 2007, relies on the problem of distinguishing images of cats and dogs (a task that humans are very good at). The security of Asirra is based on the presumed difficulty of classifying these images automatically.
Lung Mechanics and Dyspnea during Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2005)

Abstract Rationale Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease commonly causes hospitalization. The change in lung mechanics during exacerbation and its relationship to symptoms in spontaneously breathing individuals has not been described. Objective We hypothesized that changes in both airflow and lung volumes would occur during an exacerbation, but that only volume change would relate to symptomatic improvement. Methods Lung mechanics and resting dyspnea were recorded in 22 hospitalized patients during recovery from exacerbation. Measurements Spirometry, inspiratory capacity, respiratory system resistance and reactance, tidal breathing patterns, and expiratory flow limitation were recorded after nebulized bronchodilator therapy on the first 3 d after admission, at discharge, and 6 wk postadmission (Day 42). Prebronchodilator measurements were taken on Day 2, at discharge, and on Day 42. Main Results Postbronchodilator inspiratory capacity increased 0.23 ± 0.07 L by discharge and 0.42 ± 0.1 L by Day 42, FEV1 rose 0.09 ± 0.04 and 0.2 ± 0.05 L at discharge and Day 42, respectively, and FVC increased 0.21 ± 0.08 and 0.47 ± 0.09 L at discharge and Day 42 (all p &amp;lt; 0.05). Consistent reduction in dyspnea was seen as the exacerbation resolved. Respiratory system resistance, FEV1/FVC, and expiratory flow limitation were unchanged throughout, indicating that changes in lung volume rather than airflow resistance predominated. Conclusions Improvement in operating lung volumes is the principal change seen as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation resolves and increase in inspiratory capacity is a useful guide to a reduction in dyspnea.
Preparation (1997)

When the Beatles formally began their recording career on 6 June 1962, Lennon and McCartney had been playing together intermittently for five years, while Harrison (then aged only fifteen) had joined what was ‘John's group’ a year later, in 1958. That long apprenticeship began with various gigs in Liverpool, but it was in the summer of 1960, and the first long trip to play all-nighters in Hamburg, that the band acquired the professionalism ‘to play as if their lives depended on it’. Their return to Liverpool, and in particular a live show in December 1960 which provided the first inklings of ‘Beatlemania’, saw them settled in as regulars at the city's Cavern Club to immense local enthusiasm. The record business, however, was not a provincial phenomenon, and it saw two further stints in Hamburg, in the springs of 1961 and 1962, and gigs all around north-west England before manager Brian Epstein, in a last-ditch effort, managed to secure an audition with George Martin, head of the tiny Parlophone label. The rest is well known, of course, but what may not be sufficiently appreciated is how different the Beatles appeared from their competitors in 1963. The cosmopolitan, street-hardened clientèle of the Hamburg clubs was not there to listen to the music: the rock ‘n’ roll material with which all members of the band had been infatuated since their school days of the mid-1950s, and which could be shouted and thrown about, was far more suitable to such an audience than the pop standards of the time.
Immunomodulatory properties of porins of some members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (1997)

The outer membrane protein (OMP) preparation of Salmonella typhi was observed to have several immunomodulatory properties. Treatment of mice with an intraperitoneal injection of the OMP preparation enhanced both cellular and humoral responses of the mice to an unrelated antigen, a killed vaccine of Mycobacterium vaccae; both the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and the antibody titers were enhanced. The predominant isotype of the antibody shifted from immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) to IgG2a upon treatment with OMP. Treatment of mice with the OMP preparation improved the efficiency of in vitro antigen presentation by the peritoneal cells and also induced the cells to secrete interleukin-1. Treatment with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation of S. typhi had the opposite effect; i.e., the DTH response to M. vaccae was suppressed. Treatment with OMP neutralized the suppressive effects of LPS. The OMP preparation also had an enhancing effect on the innate immune mechanisms of the mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the OMP preparation enhanced the microbicidal activity of the peritoneal cells, and production of nitric oxide intermediates was stimulated. Injection of the OMP preparation into footpads of naive nonimmune mice induced a sustained hypersensitivity response that peaked at 24 h. Purified porins of the OMP preparation could induce both immunomodulation and hypersensitivity. Porins prepared from five different Salmonella strains and a strain of normal fecal Escherichia coli also exhibited immunomodulatory and hypersensitivity-inducing activities.
The application of stable isotopes in biomedical research (1982)

Many of the ways in which isotopes are used in biomedical research are reviewed. The use of stable isotopes in stable isotope dilution assays, for metabolite identification and in pharmacokinetic studies, is discussed and relevant examples are given to illustrate the various points made. Isotope effects and their implications for future drug design are considered. Some of the toxicity problems associated with the use of stable isotopes are also considered. Finally, a brief subjective view of possible future advances is made.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Assessment of Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in the Developing Premature Brain (2011)

Little is known about cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume (CBV), oxygenation, and oxygen consumption in the premature newborn brain. We combined quantitative frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy measures of cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation (SO(2)) and CBV with diffusion correlation spectroscopy measures of cerebral blood flow index (BF(ix)) to determine the relationship between these measures, gestational age at birth (GA), and chronological age. We followed 56 neonates of various GA once a week during their hospital stay. We provide absolute values of SO(2) and CBV, relative values of BF(ix), and relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO(2)) as a function of postmenstrual age (PMA) and chronological age for four GA groups. SO(2) correlates with chronological age (r=-0.54, P value ≤0.001) but not with PMA (r=-0.07), whereas BF(ix) and rCMRO(2) correlate better with PMA (r=0.37 and 0.43, respectively, P value ≤0.001). Relative CMRO2 during the first month of life is lower when GA is lower. Blood flow index and rCMRO(2) are more accurate biomarkers of the brain development than SO(2) in the premature newborns.
Host‐Response Therapeutics for Periodontal Diseases (2008)

Periodontal diseases are initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, with resultant osseous and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxins derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissues. Major drivers of this aggressive tissue destruction are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and other osteoclast-derived enzymes. This article focuses on the downstream factors of the osteoclast responsible for the degradation of bone and soft tissues around teeth and oral implants. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches that target MMP-2, -8, and -9 inhibition, such as MMP inhibitors, chemically modified tetracyclines, and subantimicrobial formulations of tetracycline analogues, are discussed. The use of rapid, chair-side tests of MMP activity, in particular for MMP-8 and bone collagen fragments, show strong potential as non-invasive measures of tissue health or disease. In addition, studies using other agents for the preservation of bone mass, such as bisphosphonates that inhibit osteoclast recruitment, are highlighted. The application of these bone-preservation strategies to periodontal management and treatment are discussed in the context of high-risk patients susceptible to disease reactivation or disease complications.
Kinetic mechanisms of gentamicin acetyltransferase I. Antibiotic-dependent shift from rapid to nonrapid equilibrium random mechanisms. (1978)

Initial velocity, product, dead-end, and substrate inhibition studies are described for gentamicin acetyltransferase I in the forward reaction. Initial velocity patterns were linear with tobramycin (Km acetyl-CoA = 1.7 micron, Km tobramycin = 1.6 micron), concave upward with sisomicin (V/K.Et = 1.7 X 10(7) M-1 s-1, indicative of nonrapid equilibrium conditions), and showed partial uncompetitive substrate inhibition with gentamicin C1a (Km acetyl-CoA = 1.3 micron, Km gentamicin C1a = 0.12 micron, KI = 6.5 micron). Product inhibition by CoA and acetyltobramycin consists of two competitive and two noncompetitive patterns. Dead-end inhibition by butyryl-CoA and neomycin consists of two competitive and two uncompetitive patterns. However, the uncompetitive pattern between neomycin and acetyl-CoA became noncompetitive when sisomicin rather than tobramycin was the nonvaried substrate. These results are consistent with a Random BiBi mechanism with synergism between binding sites which is nonrapid equilibrium with gentamicin C1a and sisomicin and rapid equilibrium with poor substrates such as tobramycin. The substrate inhibition by gentamicin C1a arises from a reduction in the rate of product (CoA) release which is partially rate-determining under nonrapid equilibrium conditions.
Frequency and genetic basis of MHC, beta‐2‐microglobulin and MEMO‐1 loss of heterozygosity in sporadic breast cancer (2002)

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I molecules are critical factors in T cell recognition of abnormal, including neoplastic, cells. Loss of HLA class I expression phenotypes, as defined by immunohistochemistry-based tests, have been previously described in many types of cancer. Here we describe a microsatellite marker DNA-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of three distinct chromosomal regions which have been implicated in HLA class I expression on a cohort of 99 unselected sporadic breast cancer samples. These regions comprise the 4Mb major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p, which contains the HLA class I heavy chain loci and other genes responsible for antigen processing, the HLA class I light chain (beta-2-microglobulin, beta2m) gene on chromosome 15q, and the putative HLA class I modifier of methylation gene (MEMO-1) on chromosome 1p. Additional chromosome 6 markers were also employed to determine the likely genetic mechanism for MHC loss. We show that 25/99 (25%) of samples show allelic loss within the MHC, 28/95 informative samples (29%) show allelic loss of beta2m and 21/76 informative samples (28%) show allelic loss of MEMO-1. Approximately half of the samples are predicted to have compromised HLA class I gene expression due to LOH at one and/or other of these three loci. Sequencing of the remaining beta2m allele in samples displaying beta2m LOH failed to detect any additional intragenic mutations. Analysis of the frequency of samples showing LOH at either 0, 1, 2 or 3 of the genomic regions analyzed suggested clustering of tumors into either 'no loci loss' or '3 loci loss' categories. These results reveal major underlying genetic causes for the high level of HLA class I expression loss seen in breast cancer.
Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase confers oxo-reductase activity upon 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (2005)

Two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) interconvert active cortisol and inactive cortisone. 11β-HSD2 (renal) acts only as a dehydrogenase, converting cortisol to cortisone. 11β-HSD1 (liver) is a bi-directional enzyme in cell homogenates, whereas in intact cells it typically displays oxo-reductase activity, generating cortisol from cortisone. We recently established that cortisone reductase deficiency is a digenic disease requiring mutations in both the gene encoding 11β-HSD1 and in the gene for a novel enzyme located within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH). This latter enzyme generates NADPH, the co-factor required for oxo-reductase activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that H6PDH expression may be an important determinant of 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity. Transient transfection of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with 11β-HSD1 resulted in the appearance of both oxo-reductase and dehydrogenase activities in intact cells. Co-transfection of 11β-HSD1 with H6PDH increased oxo-reductase activity whilst virtually eliminating dehydrogenase activity. In contrast, H6PDH had no effect on reaction direction of 11β-HSD2, nor did the cytosolic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) affect 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity. Conversely in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with 11β-HSD1 cDNA, transfection of an H6PDH siRNA reduced 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity whilst simultaneously increasing 11β-HSD1 dehydrogenase activity. In human omental preadipocytes obtained from 15 females of variable body mass index (BMI), H6PDH mRNA levels positively correlated with 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity, independent of 11β-HSD1 mRNA levels. H6PDH expression increased 5.3-fold across adipocyte differentiation ( P &lt;0.05) and was associated with a switch from 11β-HSD1 dehydrogenase to oxo-reductase activity. In conclusion, H6PDH is a crucial determinant of 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity in intact cells. Through its interaction with 11β-HSD1, H6PDH may represent a novel target in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity.
Effects of interventions on oxidative stress and inflammation of cardiovascular diseases (2011)

Excessive oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation are major pathophysiological factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that a compromised anti-oxidant system can lead to excessive oxidative stress in cardiovascular related organs, resulting in cell damage and death. In addition, increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, are closely related to morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular complications. Emerging evidence suggests that interventions including nutrition, pharmacology and exercise may activate expression of cellular anti-oxidant systems via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 signaling pathway and play a role in preventing inflammatory processes in CVD. The focus of the present review is to summarize recent evidence showing the role of these anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory interventions in cardiovascular disease. We believe that these findings may prompt new effective pathogenesis-oriented interventions, based on the exercise-induced protection from disease in the cardiovascular system, aimed at targeting oxidant stress and inflammation.
Molecular Characterization and Sequence of a Methionine Biosynthetic Locus from Pseudomonas syringae (1998)

Two methionine biosynthetic genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, metX and metW, were isolated, sequenced, and evaluated for their roles in methionine biosynthesis and bacterial fitness on leaf surfaces. The metXW locus was isolated on a 1.8-kb DNA fragment that was required for both methionine prototrophy and wild-type epiphytic fitness. Sequence analysis identified two consecutive open reading frames (ORFs), and in vitro transcription-translation experiments provided strong evidence that the ORFs encode proteins with the predicted molecular masses of 39 and 22.5 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence of MetX (39 kDa) showed homology to several known and putative homoserine O-acetyltransferases. This enzyme is the first enzyme in the methionine biosynthetic pathway of fungi, gram-negative bacteria of the genus Leptospira, and several gram-positive bacterial genera. Both metX and metW were required for methionine biosynthesis, and transcription from both genes was not repressed by methionine. MetW (22.5 kDa) did not show significant homology to any known protein, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic methionine biosynthetic enzymes. Several classes of methionine auxotrophs, including metX and metW mutants, exhibit reduced fitness on leaf surfaces, indicating a requirement for methionine prototrophy in wild-type epiphytic fitness. This requirement is enhanced under environmentally stressful conditions, suggesting a role for methionine prototrophy in bacterial stress tolerance.