gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REDUCED PAF-ACETYLHYDROLASE ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTINJURY MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE (1997)

Our basic laboratory work has identified the postischemic gut as a source of platelet-activating factor (PAF), which primes circulating neutrophils for the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) leading to distant organ injury. Circulating PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) hydrolyzes PAF to lyso-PAF. Recently, ROMs have been shown to rapidly and irreversibly inactivate human PAF-AH. Consequently, our study hypothesis was that reduced levels of PAF-AH in severely injured patients would be associated with the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). Over a 16 mo period, 26 patients at known risk for MOF (Injury Severity Score (ISS) > or = 25 or an ISS > 15 with > or = 6 U of blood transfused within the first 6 h) had blood sampled on postinjury days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5. PAF-AH activity was assessed by measuring the percentage of 3H-labeled PAF hydrolyzed. MOF was defined by a standard score. The mean age of the 26 study patients was 34 +/- 2 yr; 19 (73%) were male. The injury mechanism was blunt in 18 (69%), and the mean ISS was 31 +/- 2. Eight patients (31%) developed MOF. In the MOF patients, plasma PAF-AH activity was significantly lower on the day of injury and remained depressed throughout the ensuing 5 days compared with the non-MOF patients. Reduced PAF-AH activity is associated with the development of postinjury MOF. With the recent molecular cloning of human plasma PAF-AH, repleting this circulating, anti-inflammatory enzyme may represent useful therapy for these high risk patients.
Consolidation therapy in ovarian cancer: where do we stand? (2006)

The role of consolidation therapy in ovarian cancer is evolving. Although it is recognized that ovarian cancer patients commonly suffer recurrences after initial response, it is not clear that current therapies alter this course. Future clinical designs should include appropriate control groups. Novel therapies should be studied in randomized controlled trials with sufficient power to detect relevant clinical differences, the most important being overall survival. Toxicity and ease of administration must be considered against the benefits of therapy.
Soluble receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator in both full-length and a cleaved form is present in high concentration in cystic fluid from ovarian cancer. (1998)

We assayed the levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (su-PAR) with an ELISA in various body fluids from 77 patients with benign or malignant ovarian tumors, histologically classified as follows: benign; possibly malignant (borderline); and well, intermediately, and poorly differentiated malignant. The concentration of su-PAR in fluid from malignant cysts was extremely high, approximately 10-fold higher than the concentration in ascitic fluid and approximately 100-fold higher than that in blood. Also, the concentration in malignant cysts was approximately 10-fold higher than the concentration in benign cysts. Such high concentrations of su-PAR were found not only in truly malignant but also in possibly malignant cysts. Thus, we suggest that the concentration of su-PAR in cystic fluid can serve as a marker, allowing early diagnosis of malignant ovarian cysts. The concentration of su-PAR in fluid aspirated transvaginally with ultrasonographic guidance can be used to discriminate possibly and truly malignant cysts from benign cysts without surgery. The high concentrations of su-PAR in ovarian cystic fluids allowed us to characterize the molecular forms. Cross-linking of a radiolabeled ligand to the receptor demonstrated that at least a fraction of su-PAR was able to bind the ligand. A cleaved form of the receptor constituting domains 2 and 3 was detected with Western blotting. The cleaved receptor, which is devoid of the ligand-binding domain 1, has not previously been demonstrated in body fluids; it has only been demonstrated on cell surfaces. su-PAR domains 2 and 3 were found in cystic fluids from both malignant and benign ovarian tumors.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Steroidal Hydroxamic Acids as Inhibitors of P450 17 (17α-Hydroxylase/C17-20-Lyase) (2001)

With the aim of developing new inhibitors of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (P450 17, CYP 17), two steroidal hydroxamic acids (compounds 2 and 3) were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of CYP 17. The synthesis was performed using carboxylic acids as starting material to give acid chlorides which were reacted with N,N,O-tris(trimethylsilyl) hydroxylamine. Using microsomal fractions of human and rat testes and progesterone as a substrate, both compounds moderately inhibited the human and rat enzyme.
Rectangular grid fringe pattern for topographic applications (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Taboada and B. R. Altschuler, "Rectangular grid fringe pattern for topographic applications," Appl. Opt. 15, 597-599 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of Micro/Nano Silica Particle Feeding for Mice (2008)

The toxic effect of nano and micron sized silica particle was studied on mice. The size of the nano and micron sized silica were approximately 30 nm and approximately 30 microm, respectively. The mice, Balb/c (20 approximately 30 g, white) and C57BL/6J (black) for the experiment were classified to normal, nano sized silica (1%), and micron sized silica (1%) dieted groups. After feeding for 10 weeks, the blood was tested biochemically and hematologically. There was no difference between the groups in the tested items except ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase). The nano sized silica particle dieted group showed higher value of ALT than normal and micron sized silica dieted groups. H&E staining of the liver of the nano sized particle dieted group indicated some fatty liver pattern while the contents of Si in the livers of the groups were almost the same. From the results, it was suggested that the nano sized silica particle had a toxic effect on the liver even though there was no significant different on the health in total fed amount of 140 g silica/kg mouse.
Comparative assessment of virulence of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing IL-2 and IL-15 in immunodeficient mice (2001)

IL-2 and -15 belong to the four alpha-helix bundle family of cytokines and display a spectrum of overlapping immune functions because of shared signal transducing receptor components of the IL-2 receptor complex. However, recent evidence suggests a nonredundant unique role for IL-15 in the establishment and perhaps maintenance of peripheral natural killer (NK) cell populations in vivo. To explore the contribution of locally released IL-15 on peripheral NK-cell-mediated innate immune responses, we generated a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses IL-15 and evaluated the course of vaccinial disease in athymic nude mice. Coexpression of IL-15 resulted in the attenuation of virulence of vaccinia virus, and mice inoculated with 10(5) plaque-forming units or less resolved the infection successfully. In contrast, mice inoculated with a similar dose of the control vaccinia virus failed to eliminate the virus and died of generalized vaccinial disease. Enhanced expression of IL-12 and IFN-gamma as well as induction of chemokines were evident in the mice inoculated with IL-15-expressing vaccinia virus in addition to an increase in NK cells in the spleen. However, in this model system, the degree of attenuation in viral virulence attained with coexpression of IL-15 was much less than that achieved with coexpression of IL-2, suggesting that the peripheral NK-cell-mediated events are more responsive to IL-2 than to IL-15.
Pathways towards an effective immunotherapy for Parkinson’s disease (2011)

Immunizations that target specific types of immune responses are used commonly to prevent microbial infections. However, a range of immune responses may prove necessary to combat the ravages of neurodegenerative diseases. The goal is to eliminate the 'root' cause of neurodegenerative disorders, misfolded aggregated proteins, while harnessing adaptive immune responses to promote neural repair. However, immunization strategies used to elicit humoral immune responses against aberrant brain proteins have yielded mixed success. While specific proteins can be cleared, the failures in halting disease progression revolve, in measure, around adaptive immune responses that promote autoreactive T cells and, as such, induce a meningoencephalitis, accelerating neurodegeneration. Thus, alternative approaches for protein clearance and neural repair are desired. To this end, our laboratories have sought to transform autoreactive adaptive immune responses into regulatory neuroprotective cells in Parkinson's disease. In this context, induction of immune responses against modified brain proteins serves to break immunological tolerance, while eliciting adaptive immunity to facilitate neuronal repair. How to harness the immune response in the setting of Parkinson's disease requires a thorough understanding of the role of immunity in human disease and the ways to modify such immune responses to elicit therapeutic gain. These are discussed in this review.
Writing the Self: Barbara Hanrahan's The Scent of Eucalyptus (1989)

Currently there is a good deal of critical interest in Australian auto-biography.^ To my mind, though, much of it does not engage sufficient-ly with theoretical and methodological issues associated with the genre. One web of issues which interests me in particular is how memories are produced, shaped into pattern, and placed in narrative. Writers of auto-biography, I would argue, situate their subjectivity in varying literary and culturally specific discourses of self. Autobiographical narratives need to be read intertextually with these discourses of self. I use the term 'subjectivity^ in a poststructuralist sense:
Discovery and development of anticancer aptamers (2006)

Aptamers, also termed as decoys or "chemical antibodies," represent an emerging class of therapeutics. They are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides or peptides that assume a specific and stable three-dimensional shape in vivo, thereby providing specific tight binding to protein targets. In some cases and as opposed to antisense oligonucleotides, effects can be mediated against extracellular targets, thereby preventing a need for intracellular transportation. The first aptamer approved for use in man is a RNA-based molecule (Macugen, pegaptanib) that is administered locally (intravitreally) to treat age-related macular degeneration by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. The most advanced aptamer in the cancer setting is AS1411, formerly known as AGRO100, which is being administered systemically in clinical trials. AS1411 is a 26-mer unmodified guanosine-rich oligonucleotide, which induces growth inhibition in vitro, and has shown activity against human tumor xenografts in vivo. The mechanism underlying its antiproliferative effects in cancer cells seems to involve initial binding to cell surface nucleolin and internalization, leading to an inhibition of DNA replication. In contrast to other unmodified oligonucleotides, AS1411 is relatively stable in serum-containing medium, probably as a result of the formation of dimers and a quartet structure. In a dose escalation phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors, doses up to 10 mg/kg/d (using a four or seven continuous infusion regime) have been studied. Promising signs of activity have been reported (multiple cases of stable disease and one near complete response in a patient with renal cancer) in the absence of any significant adverse effects. Further trials are ongoing in renal and non-small cell lung cancers. In preclinical studies, additional aptamers have been described against several cancer targets, such as tenascin-C, the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and antiapoptotic and Ku proteins.
Long-Term Administration of Controlled-Release Oxycodone Tablets for the Treatment of Cancer Pain (1998)

We conducted a study of the safety of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone tablets (OxyContin Tablets) administered chronically to patients with cancer-related pain in a usual clinical setting. These patients had participated in 1 of 2 double-blind, active-control studies. Our study was an open, 3-month treatment study that included 87 patients. Patients received CR oxycodone tablets every 12 hr in a manner that reflected typical clinical practice. Supplemental immediate-release (IR) oxycodone was available PRN for breakthrough pain. Patients recorded medication use, adverse events, and evaluations of pain intensity and acceptability of therapy in a daily diary. Forty-four patients (51%) completed all 12 weeks of study; 43 patients (49%) discontinued participation. At baseline and throughout the study period, the overall mean pain-intensity score was slight to moderate. A comparison of initial and final doses showed a significant but modest increase in total daily CR oxycodone dose. An increase or decrease in titration of the oxycodone dose occurred for 66 patients (84%) at least once during the 12-week study period, primarily for increased pain. Forty-four patients (56%) did not undergo dose titration when the latter was indicated. Half of the patients used IR oxycodone rescue almost daily; the mean number of rescue doses per day was 1.5. Despite stable pain control and an increasing total daily CR oxycodone dose, the percentage of patients reporting common opioid-related adverse events decreased over the course of the study. CR oxycodone tablets administered every 12 hr were successfully used to manage cancer pain over a 12-week period. Importantly, side effects diminished over time without a concomitant change in efficacy.
Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization:  End Group Modification for Functionalized Polymers and Chain Transfer Agent Recovery (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTReversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization: End Group Modification for Functionalized Polymers and Chain Transfer Agent RecoverySébastien Perrier, Pittaya Takolpuckdee, and Craig A. MarsView Author Information Department of Colour and Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 6, 2033–2036Publication Date (Web):February 15, 2005Publication History Received19 November 2004Revised12 January 2005Published online15 February 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma047611mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma047611mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10527Altmetric-Citations436LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Organic compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,RAFT polymerization,Separation science Get e-Alerts
CYP24A1 and kidney disease (2011)

Changes in serum phosphate and FGF-23 levels in the CKD patient increase CYP24A1 expression resulting in decreased vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate defective calcium and phosphate homeostasis causing renal osteodystrophy and contribute to the other complications of renal disease. These findings argue for increased focus on correcting vitamin D deficiency in CKD patients by blocking CYP24A1 activity.
The Effects of Vitamins B12, B6, and Folate on Blood Homocysteine Levelsa (1992)

The interaction between plasma homocysteine levels and vitamins B6, B12, and folate is an exciting field and one that has gathered great momentum over the past few years, with the recognition that homocysteine probably plays an important role in occlusive vascular disease. Our understanding in this field is greatly advanced compared to just a few years ago. There are a number of important issues, however, that will need to be addressed in the future if we are to develop a sufficient knowledge base to effectively minimize the risk of occlusive vascular disease ascribable to hyperhomocysteinemia. These include (1) definitive evidence that homocysteine is the actual agent that mediates accelerated occlusive vascular disease and the mechanism by which this occurs; (2) an understanding of what constitutes a pathologic elevation in homocysteine (is there a threshold concentration in the plasma below which no vascular injury occurs? is the peak concentration achieved the critical determinant of injury, or is the area under the curve, or some other feature, more important?); (3) understanding what synergies might exist by adding B6 or B12 to a regimen of folate supplementation (what doses are most appropriate? will toxologic issues limit the utility of supplementation?); and (4) determining the circumstances where reduction of plasma homocysteine will retard or reverse the process of occlusive vascular disease.
Controlled breaks as a fatigue countermeasure on the flight deck. (2002)

A major challenge for flight crews is the need to maintain vigilance during long, highly automated nighttime flights. No system currently exists to assist in managing alertness, and countermeasure options are limited. Surveys reveal many pilots use breaks as an in-flight countermeasure, but there have been no controlled studies of their effectiveness.We hypothesized that brief, regular breaks could improve alertness and performance during an overnight flight.A 6-h, uneventful, nighttime flight in a Boeing 747-400 flight simulator was flown by fourteen two-man crews. The 14 subjects in the treatment group received 5 short breaks spaced hourly during cruise; the 14 subjects in the control group received 1 break in the middle of cruise. Continuous EEG/EOG, subjective sleepiness, and psychomotor vigilance performance data were collected.During the latter part of the night, the treatment group showed significant reductions for 15 min post-break in slow eye movements, theta-band activity, and unintended sleep episodes compared with the control group. The treatment group reported significantly greater subjective alertness for up to 25 min post-break, with strongest effects near the time of the circadian trough. There was no evidence of objective vigilance performance improvement at 15-25 min post-break, with expected performance deterioration occurring due to elevated sleep drive and circadian time.The physiological and subjective data indicate the breaks reduced nighttime sleepiness for at least 15 min post-break and may have masked sleepiness for up to 25 min, suggesting the potential usefulness of short-duration breaks as an in-flight fatigue countermeasure.
Reinvestigation of the antioxidant properties of conjugated linoleic acid (1995)

Despite repeated suggestions that antioxidant activity of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a collective of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, underlies its reported anticarcinogenic and antiatherosclerotic effects, the antioxidant properties of CLA remain ill-defined. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain more insight into the mechanism of potential CLA antioxidant activity. It was tested whether CLA could protect membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (PLPC) from oxidative modification under conditions of metal ion-dependent or -independent oxidative stress. Progress of oxidation was determined by direct spectrophotometric measurement of conjugated diene formation and by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids. The oxidative susceptibility of CLA was higher than that of linoleic acid, and comparable to arachidonic acid. When oxidation of PLPC (1.0 mM) was initiated using the lipid-soluble 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) or the water-soluble 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride, the radical scavengers vitamin E and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.75 microM efficiently inhibited PLPC oxidation, as evident from a clear lag phase. In contrast, 0.75 microM CLA did not have any significant effect on PLPC oxidation. Inhibition of PLPC oxidation by higher concentrations of CLA appeared due to competition, not to an antioxidant effect. When oxidation of PLPC was initiated by hydrogen peroxide/Fe2+ (500 microM/0.05-20 microM), both vitamin E (1 microM) and ethylene glycol-bis(aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid (50 microM) efficiently inhibited PLPC oxidation. However, CLA (1-50 microM) did not show a clear protective effect under any of the conditions tested. We conclude that CLA, under these test conditions, does not act as an efficient radical scavenger in any way comparable to vitamin E or BHT. CLA also does not appear to be converted into a metal chelator under metal-ion dependent oxidative stress, as had previously been suggested. On the basis of our observations, a role for CLA as an antioxidant does not seem plausible.
Autonomic and Peptidergic Innervation of Human Nasal Mucosa (1993)

The localization and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), the novel peptide helospectin, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and its C-flanking peptide (C-PON), substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied in the middle and inferior turbinate of the human nose using sensitive immunocytochemical and radioimmunological methods. For light microscopy, double immunofluorescence and immunogold-silver staining methods were applied. Ultrastructural immunoelectronmicroscopy was performed using a pre-embedding method. In addition, semithin Epon resin sections were immunostained. The concentrations of VIP, NPY, CGRP, substance P and neurokinin A were measured using radioimmunological methods. A dense network of autonomic and peptidergic nerve fibers in the normal human nasal mucosa was demonstrated. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of peptides with components of the autonomic nervous system. Scattered chromogranin A-, CGRP and bombesin-flanking peptide (BFP)-immunoreactive endocrine-like cells were detected within the lamina propria and in groups within exocrine ducts. Highest radioimmunoassay (RIA) tissue concentrations were detected for VIP, followed by NPY, substance P, CGRP and neurokinin A.