gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental comparison of audio tempo induction algorithms (2006)

We report on the tempo induction contest organized during the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR 2004) held at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain, in October 2004. The goal of this contest was to evaluate some state-of-the-art algorithms in the task of inducing the basic tempo (as a scalar, in beats per minute) from musical audio signals. To our knowledge, this is the first published large scale cross-validation of audio tempo induction algorithms. Participants were invited to submit algorithms to the contest organizer, in one of several allowed formats. No training data was provided. A total of 12 entries (representing the work of seven research teams) were evaluated, 11 of which are reported in this document. Results on the test set of 3199 instances were returned to the participants before they were made public. Anssi Klapuri's algorithm won the contest. This evaluation shows that tempo induction algorithms can reach over 80% accuracy for music with a constant tempo, if we do not insist on finding a specific metrical level. After the competition, the algorithms and results were analyzed in order to discover general lessons for the future development of tempo induction systems. One conclusion is that robust tempo induction entails the processing of frame features rather than that of onset lists. Further, we propose a new "redundant" approach to tempo induction, inspired by knowledge of human perceptual mechanisms, which combines multiple simpler methods using a voting mechanism. Machine emulation of human tempo induction is still an open issue. Many avenues for future work in audio tempo tracking are highlighted, as for instance the definition of the best rhythmic features and the most appropriate periodicity detection method. In order to stimulate further research, the contest results, annotations, evaluation software and part of the data are available at http://ismir2004.ismir.net/ISMIR_Contest.html
Enhanced Endocytosis and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity of Anti-rev Antibodies after Cationization (1994)

Transmembrane transport and endocytosis of antibodies is facilitated by cationization, when the isoelectric point of the antibody is raised to the cationic range. The present studies describe the preparation of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against a 16-amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 35-50 of the 116-amino acid rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The concentration of cationized anti-rev35-50 antibody that results in 50% binding to the rev epitope, based on results with an immunoradiometric assay, also results in a statistically significant 37% inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cationized antibodies caused no measurable toxicity to the cells, on the basis of [3H]thymidine incorporation. These studies demonstrate that cationization results in enhanced endocytosis of the antibody and enhanced inhibition of HIV-1 replication, consistent with intracellular immunization of the rev protein.
Collecting Handwritten Nom Character Patterns from Historical Document Pages (2012)

In this paper, we present methods of segmenting Nom historical documents and clustering character patterns to build a Nom character pattern database. Nom is an ideographic script to represent Vietnamese, used from the 10th century to 20th century. However, this heritage is nearly lost. In order to preserve the wisdom and knowledge expressed in Nom, recognition and digitalization are indispensable. Because there is no OCR for Nom yet, we have to start from collecting patterns. We have employed a projection profile based method for segmenting hundreds of pages into individual characters. Then, we have implemented a combination of Chinese OCR-based clustering and K-means clustering to group characters into categories. The experiment shows that the proposed system can help collecting the characters patterns effectively. Moreover, it has revealed that there are many character classes lost or uncategorized so far.
Membrane perforations inhibit lysosome fusion by altering pH and calcium in Listeria monocytogenes vacuoles (2005)

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) evade microbicidal defences inside macrophages by secreting a pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), which allows Lm to escape vacuoles. LLO also inhibits Lm vacuole fusion with lysosomes, which indicates LLO alters vacuole chemistry prior to release of Lm into cytoplasm. Using fluorescent probes to measure membrane permeability, calcium and pH, we identified small membrane perforations in vacuoles containing wild-type but not LLO-deficient (hly-) Lm. The small membrane perforations released small fluorescent molecules and persisted for several minutes before expanding to allow exchange of larger fluorescent molecules. Macropinosomes and hly- Lm vacuoles acidified and increased their calcium content ([Ca2+]vac) within minutes of formation; however, the small perforations made by LLO-expressing bacteria increased vacuolar pH and decreased [Ca2+]vac shortly after infection. Experimental increases in vacuolar pH inhibited Lm vacuole fusion with lysosomes. The timing of perforation indicated that LLO-dependent delays of Lm vacuole maturation result from disruption of ion gradients across vacuolar membranes.
Selective deficit of angiogenic growth factors characterises pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia (1999)

Decreased serum levels of VEGF and PIGF characterise, and therefore seem to be of importance during (the development of), pre-eclampsia. This selective deficit of angiogenic growth factors might in part explain the shallow placentation found in this pregnancy complication.
Matching with shape contexts (2000)

We introduce a new shape descriptor, the shape context, for measuring shape similarity and recovering point correspondences. The shape context describes the coarse arrangement of the shape with respect to a point inside or on the boundary of the shape. We use the shape context as a vector-valued attribute in a bipartite graph matching framework. Our proposed method makes use of a relatively small number of sample points selected from the set of detected edges; no special landmarks or keypoints are necessary. Tolerance and/or invariance to common image transformations are available within our framework. Using examples involving both silhouettes and edge images, we demonstrate how the solution to the graph matching problem provides us with correspondences and a dissimilarity score that can be used for object recognition and similarity-based retrieval.
Biological efficacy of a chimeric antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor in a human tumor xenograft model. (1995)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protein tyrosine kinase expressed on many types of tumor cells, including breast, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, and prostatic carcinoma. There seems to be an association between up-regulation of the EGFR and poor clinical prognosis for a number of human cancers. The 225 antibody is a highly specific murine monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the human EGFR with an affinity equal to its ligand, competes with the ligand for binding, and blocks activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase. In addition, 225 has been shown to inhibit the growth of human tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. The 225 antibody has recently been chimerized with human IgG1 in its constant region to increase its clinical utility by decreasing the potential for generation of human antimouse antibodies in recipients. This report compares the biological effects of 225 and its chimeric counterpart (designated C225) against established A431 tumor xenografts in nude mice. The results of these experiments indicated that C225 was more effective than 225 in inhibiting tumor growth in this model. In addition, many of the animals treated with C225 were tumor free at the end of each treatment protocol. It was determined that the dissociation constant of C225 was about 5-fold lower than 225. This suggested that the increased capacity of C225 to compete with ligand for binding to the EGFR was responsible for its enhanced in vivo antitumor effect.
Capturing Knowledge of User Preferences: ontologies on recommender systems (2002)

Tools for filtering the World Wide Web exist, but they are hampered by the difficulty of capturing user preferences in such a dynamic environment. We explore the acquisition of user profiles by unobtrusive monitoring of browsing behaviour and application of supervised machine-learning techniques coupled with an ontological representation to extract user preferences. A multi-class approach to paper classification is used, allowing the paper topic taxonomy to be utilised during profile construction. The Quickstep recommender system is presented and two empirical studies evaluate it in a real work setting, measuring the effectiveness of using a hierarchical topic ontology compared with an extendable flat list.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 5,6‐DIPHENYL‐PYRIDAZINES (1979)

Abstract Die durch Cyclokondensation der Benzilmonohydrazone (I) mit dem Malonat (II) erhältlichen Carbethoxypyridazone (III) werden über die Derivate (IV) und (V) in die Chloride (VI) übergeführt, von denen (VIa) zu (VIIa), (VIII) bzw. (X) umgesetzt wird.
Accelerated 4D quantitative single point EPR imaging using model‐based reconstruction (2014)

By applying bilateral k-space extrapolation and model-based reconstruction, improved scan times with higher spatial resolution can be achieved in the current single-point electron paramagnetic resonance imaging modality.
Mesoporous TiO2–B Microspheres with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries (2011)

Mesoporous TiO2–B microspheres with a favorable material architecture are designed and synthesized for highpower lithium ion batteries. This material, which combines the advantages of fast lithium transport with a pseudocapacitive mechanism, adequate electrode-electrolyte contact, and compact particle packing in the electrode layer, shows superior high-rate charge–discharge capability and long-time cyclability for lithium ion batteries. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Isolation of Escherichia coli K-12 Mutants with Altered Levels of β- N -Acetylglucosaminidase (1976)

Eight mutants with less than 25% of the wild-type level of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity have been isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. Studies on these mutants suggest that less than 1% of the wild-type level of this enzyme may be adequate for the normal growth and division of E. coli cells.
Bioavailability of recombinant tumor necrosis factor determines its lethality in mice (2002)

In mice, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) displays a selective species specificity. In contrast to murine TNF (mTNF), human TNF (hTNF) only induces lethality at extremely high doses of about 500 microg/mouse, whereas it still has a powerful antitumor activity in combination with interferon-gamma. The observation that hTNF does not interact with the p75 mTNF receptor seemed to provide a plausible explanation for these species-specific biological effects. Experiments in TNF receptor knockout mice and tests with hTNF muteins in baboons did not, however, support this hypothesis. We here show that an mTNF mutein selective for the p55 mTNF receptor induces lethality in a manner comparable to wild-type mTNF, and conclude that other differences between hTNF and mTNF must account for the reduced lethality of hTNF. Pharmacokinetics showed that hTNF is cleared much faster than mTNF or the mTNF mutein used. In contrast to the hardly lethal effect(s) of a bolus administration of hTNF, fractionated repetitive administration of the same total hTNF dose induced lethality. This suggests that prolonged exposure rather than peak levels determine the lethal effects of hTNF in mice. Experiments with receptor and ligand knockouts demonstrated that the difference in pharmacokinetics is independent of an interaction with (soluble) TNF receptor, TNF-induced effects or induction of endogenous TNF. These results show that manipulation of the clearance rate of TNF may broaden the therapeutic range of systemic treatments with TNF.
State of actin in gastric parietal cells (1998)

Remodeling of the apical membrane-cytoskeleton has been suggested to occur when gastric parietal cells are stimulated to secrete HCl. The present experiments assayed the relative amounts of F-actin and G-actin in gastric glands and parietal cells, as well as the changes in the state of actin on stimulation. Glands and cells were treated with a Nonidet P-40 extraction buffer for separation into detergent-soluble (supernatant) and detergent-insoluble (pellet) pools. Two actin assays were used to quantitate actin the deoxyribonuclease I binding assay to measure G-actin and F-actin content in the two pools and a simple Western blot assay to quantitate the relative amount of actin in the pools. Functional secretory responsiveness was assayed by aminopyrine accumulation. About 5% of the total parietal cell protein is actin, with about 90% of the actin present as F-actin. Stimulation of acid secretion resulted in no measurable change in the relative amounts of G-actin and cytoskeletal F-actin. Treatment of gastric glands with cytochalasin D inhibited acid secretion and resulted in a decrease in F-actin and an increase in G-actin. No inhibition of parietal cell secretion was observed when phalloidin was used to stabilize actin filaments. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that microfilamentous actin is essential for membrane recruitment underlying parietal cell secretion. Although the experiments do not eliminate the importance of rapid exchange between G- and F-actin for the secretory process, the parietal cell maintains actin in a highly polymerized state, and no measurable changes in the steady-state ratio of G-actin to F-actin are associated with stimulation to secrete acid.
Demystified … (2000)

Monoclonal antibodies are essential tools for many molecular immunology investigations. In particular, when used in combination with techniques such as epitope mapping and molecular modelling, monoclonal antibodies enable the antigenic profiling and visualisation of macromolecular surfaces. In addition, monoclonal antibodies have become key components in a vast array of clinical laboratory diagnostic tests. Their wide application in detecting and identifying serum analytes, cell markers, and pathogenic agents has largely arisen through the exquisite specificity of these unique reagents. Furthermore, the continuous culture of hybridoma cells that produce these antibodies offers the potential of an unlimited supply of reagent. In essence, when compared with the rather limited supply of polyclonal antibody reagents, the feature of a continuous supply enables the standardisation of both the reagent and the assay technique. Clearly, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of generation, cost, and overall applications. Ultimately, monoclonal antibodies are only produced when necessary because their production is time consuming and frustrating, although greatly rewarding (at least most of the time!). This is especially apparent when a monoclonal antibody can be applied successfully in a routine pathology laboratory or can aid in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients. In this article, the generation and application of monoclonal antibodies are demystified to enable greater understanding and hopefully formulate novel ideas for clinicians and scientists alike.
A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Reversible Hydration of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and Proton Spectra and Equilibrium Constants (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Reversible Hydration of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and Proton Spectra and Equilibrium ConstantsP. Greenzaid, Z. Luz, and David. SamuelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 4, 749–756Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00980a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00980a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views997Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparison of conventional and in situ methods of transesterification of seed oil from a series of sunflower cultivars (1985)

Abstract The cost of vegetable oil monoesters represents one of the major restrictions on their use as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. This cost can be reduced by increasing the yield of esters produced from a given quantity of oilseed. Transesterification of sunflowerseed oil in situ with acidified methanol has been shown to produce fatty acid methyl esters in yields significantly greater than those obtained from conventional reaction with pre‐extracted seed oil. Yield improvements of over 20% were achieved and could be related to the moisture content of the seed. Fatty ester compositions and cloud points of the products from the in situ reactions were virtually identical to those of esters produced using conventional techniques.
PC1 and PC2 are proprotein convertases capable of cleaving proopiomelanocortin at distinct pairs of basic residues. (1991)

A recombinant vaccinia virus vector was used to coexpress the two candidate mouse prohormone convertases, PC1 and PC2, together with mouse proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the constitutively secreting cell line BSC-40 and in the endocrine tissue-derived cell lines PC12 and AtT-20, which exhibit regulated secretion. Monitoring of POMC processing demonstrated the distinct cleavage specificities of PC1 and PC2, since in the cell lines analyzed (i) PC1 cleaves POMC into corticotropin and beta-lipotropin, (ii) PC2 cleaves POMC into beta-endorphin, an N-terminally extended corticotropin containing the joining peptide, and either alpha MSH or desacetyl-alpha MSH, and (iii) PC2 cleaves POMC at the five pairs of basic residues analyzed, whereas PC1 cleaves two of them preferentially, suggesting that PC2 has a broader spectrum of activity than PC1. These data are consistent with our hypothesis on the physiological role of PC1 and PC2 as distinct proprotein convertases acting alone or together to produce a set of tissue-specific maturation products in the brain and in peripheral tissues.
<title>Toward digital rights protection in BitTorrent-like P2P systems</title> (2008)

Both research and practice have shown that BitTorrent-like (BT) P2P systems are scalable and efficient for Internet content distribution. However, existing BT systems are mostly used for distributing non-copyrighted or pirated digital objects on the Internet. They have not been leveraged to distribute the majority of legal media objects because existing BT systems are incapable of copyright protection. On the other hand, existing Digital Rights Management (DRM) techniques are mainly based on a client-server model, and cannot be directly applied to peer-to-peer based BT systems. To leverage the efficiency and the scalability of BT systems for Internet content distribution, we propose a novel scheme to enable DRM in existing BT systems without demanding infrastructure changes. In our scheme, each file piece is re-encrypted at runtime before a peer uploads it to any other peer. Thus, the decryption keys are unique for both different peers and difference pieces. In addition, any user can take part in the content distribution while only legitimate users can access the plaintext of being distributed content. To evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme, we have conducted experiments on PlanetLab with an implemented prototype and compared with the original BT system. The results show that our proposed scheme introduces less than 10% of system throughput degradation for copyright protection when compared to BT systems without copyright protection.
The incidence of inherited porphyrias in Europe (2012)

Retrospective estimates of the prevalence of porphyrias have been reported but there has been no large scale prospective study of their incidence. The European Porphyria Network collected information prospectively over a 3 year period about the number of newly diagnosed symptomatic patients with an inherited porphyria (335 patients from 11 countries). Prevalence was calculated from the incidence and mean disease duration. The incidence of hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) in acute hepatic porphyria and the prevalence of patients with recurrent acute attacks of porphyria were also investigated. The incidence of symptomatic acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was similar in all countries (0.13 per million per year; 95 % CI: 0.10 - 0.14) except Sweden (0.51; 95 % CI: 0.28-0.86). The incidence ratio for symptomatic AIP: variegate porphyria: hereditary coproporphyria was 1.00:0.62: 0.15. The prevalence of AIP (5.4 per million; 95 % CI: 4.5-6.3) was about half that previously reported. The prevalence of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) was less uniform between countries and, in some countries, exceeded previous estimates. Fourteen new cases of HCC (11 from Sweden) were reported in patients with acute porphyria. Sixty seven patients (3 VP; 64 AIP: 53 females, 11 males) with recurrent attacks of acute porphyria were identified. The estimated percentage of patients with AIP that will develop recurrent acute attacks was 3-5 %. In conclusion, the prevalence of symptomatic acute porphyria may be decreasing, possibly due to improved management, whereas the prevalence of EPP may be increasing due to improved diagnosis and its greater recognition as a cause of photosensitivity.