gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Role for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mouse Models (2004)

MKP-1 expression is associated with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and inhibition of MKP-1 activity may prevent atherosclerotic lesion development in mice. MKP-1 is required for Ox-PAPC-mediated endothelial/monocyte interactions; however, an in vivo role of MKP-1 in atherogenesis has not been investigated. We now report that MKP-1 protein is expressed in the atherosclerotic lesions of mice and inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase activity and MKP-1 protein reduce atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models.
Glucocorticoid Resistance (2010)

Changes in glucocorticoid (GC) receptor sensitivity can be categorized in three different types. First, generalized GC resistance syndrome is a hereditary disease. Patients present with signs and symptoms of increased androgen and/or mineralocorticoid action, combined with biochemical hypercortisolism, but lack of cushingoid features. Second, at a tissue level, transient changes in GC sensitivity are present during disease. Transient changes in GC sensitivity of leukocytes during infectious diseases like sepsis have been found, but also acquired forms or GC resistance occur, in particular in some types of neoplasms, major depression, AIDS, and several autoimmune diseases. Third, at the level of the general population, the diversity in GC sensitivity has a wide interindividual variation which in part can be explained by genetic variation of the GC receptor gene. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene have been associated with changes in GC sensitivity and its clinical phenotype. In this chapter, four genetic variants are described of which two (rs6198 and rs6189/6190) are associated with a relative GC resistance and two (rs1695 and rs41423247) are associated with a relative GC hypersensitivity.
The therapeutic potential of stem cells from adults (2002)

Adult stem cells seem to have the capacity to “transdifferentiate” into cells of many different tissue types; now further work is needed to establish their role in treating degenerative diseases 

The discovery of adult tissue specific stem cells, such as haematopoietic stem cells, which have the ability to “transdifferentiate” into other tissues, has generated much excitement among cellbiologists and transplant clinicians. It opens new avenues for basic biological research by using stem cells from adults as an alternative to stem cells from embryos. It also carries important implications for the treatment of many liver, heart, and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite strong evidence that multipotent stem cells (stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several cell types) reside in many adult organs and can be manipulated in ways that may confer a therapeutic advantage, several questions remain to be addressed before the development of clinical applications. We review recent findings on the “plasticity” of adult stem cells to adopt a fate different from their originally intended one, and we discuss the potential clinical importance of this finding. We also point out some directions for research in the future.

### Summary points

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells divide indefinitely and ostensibly generate all cell types

Stem cells from adults regenerate their resident tissue but may have broader potential for differentiation (multipotential)

Further work must establish the broad differentiation and functional potential of stem cells from adults

Clinical utility of all stem cells awaits further validation and development

We searched Medline with both general keywords such as “stem cells,” “stem cell plasticity,” “adult stem cells,” and “embryonal stem cells” and with more specific terms such as “haematopoietic,hepatic or muscle stem cells,” “Parkinson's disease,” and “osteogenesis imperfecta.” We also cite published and unpublished data generated in our laboratory.

After development of the embryo most tissues are fully differentiated, …
Analysis of 4-1BBL and Laminin Binding to Murine 4-1BB, a Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, and Comparison with Human 4-1BB (1997)

The T cell activation antigen 4-1BB (CDw137) is a distantly related member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family of cell surface receptors. We previously reported that murine 4-1BB (m4-1BB) bound to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Recently, a tumor necrosis factor-like ligand of m4-1BB, m4-1BBL, as well as the human counterparts of 4-1BB (ILA) and 4-1BBL (h4-1BB and h4-1BBL, respectively) have been cloned. No information is currently available on how binding of m4-1BB to ECM proteins affects its binding to m4-1BBL and vice versa and if the ability of m4-1BB to bind ECM proteins is conserved across species. We report that binding of m4-1BBL to m4-1BB blocked its ability to bind laminin (LN), while binding of m4-1BB to LN did not block its ability to bind m4-1BBL. Furthermore, binding of m4-1BBL to the m4-1BB.LN complex did not displace LN. These findings suggest the two ligands bind to proximal but distinct sites on m4-1BB. This is supported by the observation that six of eight anti-m4-1BB monoclonal antibodies blocked the interaction between 4-1BB and 4-1BBL, while seven blocked LN binding. Ligand and monoclonal antibody binding studies with a truncated protein lacking the amino-terminal LN-homologous domain of m4-1BB demonstrated that regions downstream of the LN-homologous domain participate in LN binding and that the intact protein is required for m4-1BBL binding. Studies with h4-1BB showed that h4-1BB only bound h4-1BBL, indicating that the ECM binding activity of 4-1BB is not conserved across species. This finding allowed the construction of murine/human 4-1BB chimeras, which permitted further dissection of the regions of 4-1BB involved in LN and 4-1BBL binding and suggests that sequence differences in the LN-homologous domain of h4-1BB in part account for the inability of h4-1BB to bind ECM proteins.
Pembrolizumab plus ipilimumab or pegylated interferon alfa-2b for patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma: take new drugs but keep the old? (2019)

In the last decade, the arrival of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway has dramatically altered the systemic treatment landscape of both metastatic melanoma (mM) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Single agent ICB with pembrolizumab for melanoma, and nivolumab for both melanoma and RCC, has resulted in durable and clinically meaningful disease control with overall survival (OS) ranging from 43–55% at 2 years for metastatic mM and 35% at 3 years in mRCC (1-3).
Codec designs for image browsing (1994)

We propose codec designs for image browsing. Image/video browsing is an important requirement in many multimedia applications. In image browsing, a lower resolution version of the image is first viewed. Upon request, the resolution is further enhanced until an acceptable fidelity is obtained. Recently, many new codecs have been designed for image/video compression. However these codecs are not directly applicable for image browsing as they cannot interact with the user. In this paper, we propose a codec design based on Gabor decomposition which is well adapted for image browsing applications. However we note that the generic design can be implemented with any compression algorithm. Gabor decomposition is a promising approach for image browsing. The Gabor basis functions match the human visual profiles and hence result in better subjective quality compared to JPEG. For example, Gabor decomposition does not suffer from the blocking artifacts prevalent in JPEG-DCT. The proposed codec can achieve real-time performance, is simple and modular and hence can be implemented in VLSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2016)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is biologically distinct from its B lymphoblastic (B-ALL) counterpart and shows different kinetic patterns of disease response. Although very similar regimens are used to treat T-ALL and B-ALL, distinctions in response to different elements of therapy have been observed. Similar to B-ALL, the key prognostic determinant in T-ALL is minimal residual disease (MRD) response. Unlike B-ALL, other factors including age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and genetics of the ALL blasts are not independently prognostic when MRD response is included. Recent insights into T-ALL biology, using modern genomic techniques, have identified a number of recurrent lesions that can be grouped into several targetable pathways, including Notch, Jak/Stat, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK. With contemporary chemotherapy, outcomes for de novo T-ALL have steadily improved and now approach those observed in B-ALL, with approximately 85% 5-year event-free survival. Unfortunately, salvage has remained poor, with less than 25% event-free and overall survival rates for relapsed disease. Thus, current efforts are focused on preventing relapse by augmenting therapy for high-risk patients, sparing toxicity in favorable subsets and developing new approaches for the treatment of recurrent disease.
BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA CELL LINES PRODUCING TRUNCATED P IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS LACKING PART OF THE VARIABLE REGION (1988)

Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines Ly91, Ly47 and JBL2 contained intracytoplasmic mu chains without light chains and variably expressed membrane mu chains. All three cell lines produced similarly truncated heavy chains with an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa instead of the normal 74 kDa. Both the intracellular and secreted forms of the mu chains were similarly truncated. The membrane and the secreted forms of mu mRNAs were shorter than normal. The cDNAs contained a leader sequence, followed by about one third of a variable region (VH), then by the constant region (C mu). Interruption of the variable region took place near the end of the framework region 1 (FR 1) in Ly 47 and JBL2, and within the complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) in Ly91. In the three lines, the joining between VH and C mu maintained the normal open reading frame throughout the variable and constant regions.
Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath (1984)

In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations the need often arises to maintain such parameters as temperature or pressure rather than energy and volume, or to impose gradients for studying transport properties in nonequilibrium MD. A method is described to realize coupling to an external bath with constant temperature or pressure with adjustable time constants for the coupling. The method is easily extendable to other variables and to gradients, and can be applied also to polyatomic molecules involving internal constraints. The influence of coupling time constants on dynamical variables is evaluated. A leap-frog algorithm is presented for the general case involving constraints with coupling to both a constant temperature and a constant pressure bath.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 1,3‐BENZODIOXOLE BORON COMPOUNDS (1985)

Abstract Das Brombenzodioxol (I) läßt sich nach Metallierung mit Lithium und Umsetzung mit Butylbromid (II) mit Tributylborat (III) zur Benzodioxolylboronsäure (IV) umsetzen, die mit den Alkoholen (V) die Boronsäuredialkylester (VI) liefert.
Sympathetic Nerve Biology In Essential Hypertension (2001)

1. Although the importance of sympathetic nervous activation in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is well documented, the exact pathophysiology of the sympathetic nervous dysfunction present remains to be delineated. There are several possible explanations for the increased spillover of noradrenaline from the kidneys and heart to plasma, a key piece of evidence supporting the neurogenic basis of essential hypertension, in addition to the obvious one of an increased rate of sympathetic nerve firing. 2. The possibility that there may be an increase in the density of sympathetic innervation in human hypertension, well documented in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, is currently under investigation by us. 3. Adrenaline cotransmission is present in the cardiac sympathetic nerves of patients with essential hypertension, presumptive evidence of their exposure to high levels of stress and a possible basis for the observed increase in cardiac noradrenaline spillover, through presynaptic augmentation of noradrenaline release. 4. Phenotypic evidence exists also of faulty noradrenaline reuptake into the sympathetic nerves of the heart in essential hypertension, an abnormality that would amplify the sympathetic neural signal by impairing removal of noradrenaline from the synaptic cleft.
Activation and Function of the MAPKs and Their Substrates, the MAPK-Activated Protein Kinases (2011)

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse cellular programs by relaying extracellular signals to intracellular responses. In mammals, there are more than a dozen MAPK enzymes that coordinately regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. The best known are the conventional MAPKs, which include the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun amino-terminal kinases 1 to 3 (JNK1 to -3), p38 (α, β, γ, and δ), and ERK5 families. There are additional, atypical MAPK enzymes, including ERK3/4, ERK7/8, and Nemo-like kinase (NLK), which have distinct regulation and functions. Together, the MAPKs regulate a large number of substrates, including members of a family of protein Ser/Thr kinases termed MAPK-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs). The MAPKAPKs are related enzymes that respond to extracellular stimulation through direct MAPK-dependent activation loop phosphorylation and kinase activation. There are five MAPKAPK subfamilies: the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), the mitogen- and stress-activated kinase (MSK), the MAPK-interacting kinase (MNK), the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2/3 (MK2/3), and MK5 (also known as p38-regulated/activated protein kinase [PRAK]). These enzymes have diverse biological functions, including regulation of nucleosome and gene expression, mRNA stability and translation, and cell proliferation and survival. Here we review the mechanisms of MAPKAPK activation by the different MAPKs and discuss their physiological roles based on established substrates and recent discoveries.
An Aliphatic Bifunctional Free Radical Initiator. Synthesis of a Block Copolymer from an Azoperester by Sequential Thermal and Photochemical Initiation (2003)

The azoalkaneperester tert-butyl 7-methyl-7-(tert-butylazo)peroxyoctanoate (7) has been found to be a viable bifunctional free radical initiator. Unlike the radicals from previously studied compounds 4−6, those from 7 neither fragment nor cyclize, presumably on account of the medium ring that would be required. Thermolysis of 7 with styrene affords macroinitiator 21 while photolysis affords 22. Photolysis of 21 with MMA yields block copolymer 23 while thermolysis of 22 with MMA affords block copolymer 24. One advantage of 7 is that the photolysis−thermolysis sequence can be reversed, as can the order of addition of monomers.
A Sensitive Direct ELISA for Detection of Prostaglandin E 2 (2007)

Abstract In order to improve the indirect ELISA for detection of PGE2, a modified direct ELISA technique was developed to measure PGE2 in cell culture supernatants. An evaluation of three types of coating buffer showed that PGE2 was adsorbed efficiently to the solid phase using the gelatin phosphate buffer. The sensitivity of the assay was increased by employing polyclonal rabbit anti‐PGE2 antibody dilution of 1/100 and 1% skimmed milk as a blocking solution, with the detection limit of 7.8–500 ng/well. The within‐run and between‐run coefficients of variation (CV) ranges were 3.2–3.7% and 3.4–3.8%, respectively. A linear standard curve was observed over the range of 0.078–5 µg/mL with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.99. Our results indicated that the developed direct ELISA was sensitive and suitable for a quick determination of PGE2 levels from cell culture supernatants.
Potent Induction Immunotherapy Promotes Long-Term Insulin Independence After Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

The seemingly inexorable decline in insulin independence after islet transplant alone (ITA) has raised concern about its clinical utility. We hypothesized that induction immunosuppression therapy determines durability of insulin independence. We analyzed the proportion of insulin-independent patients following final islet infusion in four groups of ITA recipients according to induction immunotherapy: University of Minnesota recipients given FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 antibody alone or T cell depleting antibodies (TCDAb) and TNF-α inhibition (TNF-α-i) (group 1; n = 29); recipients reported to the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) given TCDAb+TNF-α-i (group 2; n = 20); CITR recipients given TCDAb without TNF-α-i (group 3; n = 43); and CITR recipients given IL-2 receptor antibodies (IL-2RAb) alone (group 4; n = 177). Results were compared with outcomes in pancreas transplant alone (PTA) recipients reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (group 5; n = 677). The 5-year insulin independence rates in group 1 (50%) and group 2 (50%) were comparable to outcomes in PTA (group 5: 52%; p>>0.05) but significantly higher than in group 3 (0%; p = 0.001) and group 4 (20%; p = 0.02). Induction immunosuppression was significantly associated with 5-year insulin independence (p = 0.03), regardless of maintenance immunosuppression or other factors. These findings support potential for long-term insulin independence after ITA using potent induction therapy, with anti-CD3 Ab or TCDAb+TNF-α-i.
Chiral metal complexes. 4. Resolution of racemic tertiary phosphines with chiral palladium(II) complexes. The chemistry of diastereomeric phosphine palladium(II) species in solution (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral metal complexes. 4. Resolution of racemic tertiary phosphines with chiral palladium(II) complexes. The chemistry of diastereomeric phosphine palladium(II) species in solutionK. Tani, Leo D. Brown, Jamil Ahmed, James A. Ibers, A. Nakamura, S. Otsuka, and M. YokotaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 24, 7876–7886Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00466a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00466a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Kid-1, a putative renal transcription factor: regulation during ontogeny and in response to ischemia and toxic injury. (1993)

We have identified a new putative transcription factor from the rat kidney, termed Kid-1 (for kidney, ischemia and developmentally regulated gene 1). Kid-1 belongs to the C2H2 class of zinc finger genes. Its mRNA accumulates with age in postnatal renal development and is detected predominantly in the kidney. Kid-1 mRNA levels decline after renal injury secondary to ischemia or folic acid administration, two insults which result in epithelial cell dedifferentiation, followed by regenerative hyperplasia and differentiation. The low expression of Kid-1 early in postnatal development, and when renal tissue is recovering after injury, suggests that the gene product is involved in establishment of a differentiated phenotype and/or regulation of the proliferative response. The deduced protein contains 13 C2H2 zinc fingers at the COOH end in groups of 4 and 9 separated by a 32-amino-acid spacer. There are consensus sites for phosphorylation in the NH2 terminus non-zinc finger region as well as in the spacer region between zinc fingers 4 and 5. A region of the deduced protein shares extensive homology with a catalytic region of Raf kinases, a feature shared only with TFIIE among transcription factors. To determine whether Kid-1 can modulate transcription, a chimeric construct encoding the Kid-1 non-zinc finger region (sense or antisense) and the DNA-binding region of GAL4 was transfected into COS and LLC-PK1 cells together with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid containing GAL4 binding sites, driven by either a minimal promoter or a simian virus 40 enhancer. CAT activity was markedly inhibited in cells transfected with the sense construct compared with the activity in cells transfected with the antisense construct. To our knowledge, this pattern of developmental regulation, kidney expression, and regulation of transcription is unique among the C2H2 class of zinc finger-containing DNA-binding proteins.
Oxidation and Induced Damage in Oxygen Plasma In Situ Wafer Bonding (2000)

In this paper we present our in situ, oxygen plasma‐activated wafer bonding process. By keeping one wafer on the anode and the other on the cathode, we have an asymmetric plasma load on the wafers, making our bonding process interesting for low‐temperature applications where damage or defect‐sensitive active layers are bonded to less sensitive carrier wafers. As a step in optimizing the discharge parameters for plasma bonding applications, the effect of the self‐bias voltage on surface energy, oxidation rates, and damage is investigated. An optimum in surface energy was found at moderate self‐bias voltages, both at room temperature bonding and after low‐temperature annealing at 200°C. This is explained by the fact that at these voltages there is a minimum oxide thickness, which promotes the diffusion of water from the bond interface, and also by the fact that at these voltages we have the best surface cleaning conditions. Also, the surface oxide generated by the oxygen plasma seems to be reactive. With our in situ oxygen‐plasma‐activated wafer bonding process there was a major increase in surface energy for wafers bonded at moderate self‐bias volt‐ages compared to conventional wafer bonding performed in ambient air. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Extended critical values of extreme studentized deviate test statistics for detecting multiple outliers (1980)

Rosner (1975) obtained, by using the Monte Carlo technique, 5-, 1-, and 0.5-percentage points of the extreme studentized deviate test statistics for detecting at most two outliers in the data of size n = 10(1)20(5)50 from a normally distributed population. In this paper, the 5-percentage points of the test statistics are extended to allow detection of as many as 19 outliers in a data set of up to 100 observations. The critical values obtained by the Monte Carlo technique are smoothed to eliminate possible inconsistencies.