gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Platelet Collagen Receptor Glycoprotein VI Is a Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Closely Related to FcαR and the Natural Killer Receptors (1999)

We have cloned the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI from a human bone marrow cDNA library using rapid amplification of cDNA ends with platelet mRNA to complete the 5' end sequence. GPVI was isolated from platelets using affinity chromatography on the snake C-type lectin, convulxin, as a critical step. Internal peptide sequences were obtained, and degenerate primers were designed to amplify a fragment of the GPVI cDNA, which was then used as a probe to screen the library. Purified GPVI, as well as Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies made against the receptor, inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The GPVI receptor cDNA has an open reading frame of 1017 base pairs coding for a protein of 339 amino acids including a putative 23-amino acid signal sequence and a 19-amino acid transmembrane domain between residues 247 and 265. GPVI belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and its sequence is closely related to FcalphaR and to the natural killer receptors. Its extracellular chain has two Ig-C2-like domains formed by disulfide bridges. An arginine residue is found in position 3 of the transmembrane portion, which should permit association with Fcgamma and its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif via a salt bridge. With 51 amino acids, the cytoplasmic tail is relatively long and shows little homology to the C-terminal part of the other family members. The ability of the cloned GPVI cDNA to code for a functional platelet collagen receptor was demonstrated in the megakaryocytic cell line Dami. Dami cells transfected with GPVI cDNA mobilized intracellular Ca(2+) in response to collagen, unlike the nontransfected or mock transfected Dami cells, which do not respond to collagen.
Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis as Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19 (2020)

The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. We discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the downstream cytokines as a promising target for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019-associated diseases.
NON-CONTACT HEATING SYSTEM FOR A CENTRIFUGAL MICROLFUIDIC PLATFORM. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
The kinetics and phenotype of the human B‐cell response following immunization with a heptavalent pneumococcal‐CRM197 conjugate vaccine (2006)

Primary immunization of infants with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines induces antipolysaccharide antibody and is highly effective in preventing invasive disease caused by encapsulated bacteria. However, recent experience from the UK indicates that this immunity is not sustained in the absence of booster doses of vaccine. This study aimed to establish the kinetics and phenotype of B-cell subpopulations responding to booster immunization with a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Pnc7), which is to be introduced into the primary immunization schedule in the UK during 2006. Six adult volunteers received a booster dose of Pnc7 12-18 months after primary immunization. CD27hi CD38hi CD20(+/-) IgG antibody-forming cells were detected in peripheral blood with maximum frequency at days 6-7 after immunization. This was accompanied by a more prolonged rise in memory B cells that required in vitro stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain and interleukin-2 to induce antibody secretion. These data provide evidence for at least two subsets of antibody-forming cells involved in the secondary humoral response to a glycoconjugate vaccine in primed individuals. A briefly circulating subset of B cells that spontaneously secrete immunoglobulin G may be responsible for early defence against re-encountered encapsulated bacteria. However, the kinetics of the appearance of these cells may indicate that the humoral immune response is too slow in defence against an organism that invades within days of acquisition. The more sustained presence of a memory population may provide persistence of antipolysaccharide antibody after a booster dose of vaccine and may also include re-circulatory populations responsible for further anamnestic responses.
Sialophorin, a surface sialoglycoprotein defective in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, is involved in human T lymphocyte proliferation. (1987)

The mAb L10 was used to determine the distribution and the function of sialophorin, the heavily glycosylated surface molecule that is deficient/defective in lymphocytes of patients with the X-linked immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Dual-parameter FACS analysis indicated that sialophorin is expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, on a subpopulation of peripheral blood B lymphocytes, on all thymocytes, and on a subpopulation of bone marrow cells. Functional studies demonstrated that L10 mAb stimulates the proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes as measured by stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. The time course and magnitude of increased [3H]thymidine incorporation by T lymphocytes in response to L10 mAb paralleled that induced by anti-CD3 mAb. Effective stimulation was dependent on the presence of monocytes and the Fc portion of L10 mAb. Stimulation of lymphocytes by L10, like stimulation by anti-CD3 mAb, involves increased expression of 4F2, HLA-DR, and IL-2-R. These observations suggest that sialophorin functions in T cell activation.
Dwellers in dens on sandy bottoms: Ecological and behavioural traits of Octopus vulgaris (2014)

Four visual censuses targeting Octopus vulgaris living in dens on sandy bottoms were carried out from June to October 2013 in the National Park of the Atlantic Galician Islands (NW Spain). Censuses were undertaken by scuba diving between 5 and 21 m depth in daytime. The total area swept was 13.75 ha. There were no significant differences between octopus presence in dens during open and closed fishing seasons. Depth had a significant negative relationship with occupancy. The average number of dens per 1000 m2 was 3.84±0.84 in June and 3.89 in October. The area per den was 260 m2. Den number estimations varied between 1586 and 2057. The largest number of dens (76.5%) was found between 5 and 10 m depth. Den distribution was clumped. No significant differences were found between octopus size classes (small, medium and large) and den diameter. Associate dens were observed. There were no significant differences in den diameter and shell types found around the middens. Many dens could be “permanent”. Drilling bivalve shell behaviour is discussed. The surveyed area had around 1100 individuals, mainly small specimens. No significant differences were found between octopus size and depth. Substrate, den type and food abundance and availability (especially razors Ensis arcuatus) seem to be the main factors influencing dens and octopus density and distribution. Den availability does not appear to be a limiting factor in this case. Temperature, den availability, predators and fishing pressure influencing density and distribution are discussed. Rodas inlet may be a preferential habitat for O. vulgaris individuals ranging from 200 to 2000 g, but especially small specimens ( ≤ 1000 g).
Short bioactive Spiegelmers to migraine-associated calcitonin gene-related peptide rapidly identified by a novel approach: Tailored-SELEX (2003)

We developed an integrated method to identify aptamers with only 10 fixed nucleotides through ligation and removal of primer binding sites within the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process. This Tailored-SELEX approach was validated by identifying a Spiegelmer ('mirror-image aptamer') that inhibits the action of the migraine-associated target calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (alpha-CGRP) with an IC50 of 3 nM at 37 degrees C in cell culture. Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands that can be generated to bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Stabilized aptamers and Spiegelmers have shown activity in vivo and may be used as therapeutics. Aptamers are isolated by in vitro selection from combinatorial nucleic acid libraries that are composed of a central randomized region and additional fixed primer binding sites with approximately 30-40 nt. The identified sequences are usually not short enough for efficient chemical Spiegelmer synthesis, post-SELEX stabilization of aptamers and economical production. If the terminal primer binding sites are part of the target recognizing domain, truncation of aptamers has proven difficult and laborious. Tailored-SELEX results in short sequences that can be tested more rapidly in biological systems. Currently, our identified CGRP binding Spiegelmer serves as a lead compound for in vivo studies.
Genetic polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3, MRP3) gene and relationship to its mRNA and protein expression in human liver (2004)

Multiple genetic polymorphisms of MRP3 exist in Caucasians. The -211C>T promoter polymorphism appears to be associated with altered hepatic MRP3 mRNA expression.
Decreased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transporters in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (1994)

Glucose metabolism is depressed in the temporal and parietal regions of the cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We measured the concentrations of two glucose transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT3, in six regions of brains from both control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. The concentrations of both transporters were reduced in the cerebral cortex, with larger and highly significant reductions observed for GLUT3, the putative neuronal glucose transporter. The reductions in GLUT3 were greater than the loss of synapses, and should be considered as a potential cause of the deficits in glucose metabolism.
The role of interleukin 1 in growth and metastasis of human cancer xenografts. (2006)

These data show that the IL-1 gene is frequently expressed in metastases from patients with several types of human cancers. IL-1Ra inhibits xenograft growth in IL-1-producing tumors but has no direct antiproliferative effects in vitro; decreased tumor levels of IL-8 and VEGF may be an early surrogate of IL-1Ra-mediated antitumor activity. IL-1Ra may have a role alone or with other agents in the treatment of human cancers.
Analysis of Large Scale Interacting Systems by Mean Field Method (2008)

Modeling and analysing very large stochastic systems composed of interacting entities is a very challenging and complex task. The usual approach, relying on the generation of the whole state space, is bounded by the state space explosion, even if symmetry properties, often included in the model, allow to apply lumping techniques and building the overall model by means of tensor algebra operations. In this paper we resort to the mean field theory. The main idea of the mean field theory is to focus on one particular tagged entity and to replace all interactions with the other entities with an average or effective interaction. The reduction of a multibody problem into an effective one-body problem makes the solution easier while at the same time taking into account the contribution of an averaged interdependence of the whole system on the specific entity. We apply the mean field approach to very large systems of interacting continuous time Markov chains, in which the averaged interaction depends on the distribution of the entity population in each state. We report several examples of interacting Markovian queues, showing the potentialities of the proposed technique.
Calcium and Phosphate Solubility in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrient Solutions Containing TrophAmine (2010)

Significant amounts of calcium and phosphate are required in neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) regimens to ensure adequate supplementation and prevention of metabolic bone disease. Current clinical recommendations for calcium and phosphate requirements in neonatal PN cannot be achieved with traditional amino acid formulations. The solubility curves of these amion acids do not allow the appropriate doses of calcicum and phosphate to be achieved, therefore placing the neonate at risk of receiving a precipitated infusion. Fitzgerald and MacKay investigated the calcium and phosphate solubility of TrophAmine, an amino acid injection developed for neonatal PN. The results of their findings allow higher concentrations of calcium and phosphate to be added to each pediatric PH regimen while maintaing solubility, therefore safely allowing higher concentrations of calcium and phosphate to be added to each prediatric PN regimen. The pivotal nature of Fitzgerald and MacKay's paper changed how practitioners address calcium and phosphate supplementation in the nutrition support of the neonatal patient.
The 3GPP and 3GPP2 movements toward an all-IP mobile network (2000)

Today's wireless core network is based on a circuit-switched SS7 architecture similar to that found in wireline telecommunications networks. With the advent of IP technologies and the tremendous growth in data traffic, the wireless industry is evolving its core networks toward IP technology. Wireless telecommunications started as an offshoot of wireline telephony, and the absence of global standards resulted in regional standardization. Two major mobile telecommunications standards have dominated the global wireless market, namely, TDMA/CDMA developed by the TIA in North America and GSM developed by the ETSI in Europe. As we move toward third-generation wireless, there is a need to develop standards which are more global and collaborative. The global wireless industry has created two new global partnership projects, SGPP and 3GPP2, to address the issue of the limited data capabilities of 2G systems, motivating the partnership projects (PPs) to start work on 3G wideband radio technologies that can provide higher data rates. This work resulted in 3G wireless radio technologies that will provide data rates of 144 kb/s for vehicular, 384 kb/s for pedestrian, and 2 Mb/s for indoor environments, and meet the ITU IMT-2000 requirements. Now that the radio technology standards to support higher data rates have been developed, the PPs are focusing on development of standards for all-IP networks. We discuss the genesis of 3GPP and 3GPP2 IP work, outlining the important architectural differences of the two groups. Currently, 3GPP and 3GPP2 offer divergent proposals that need to be harmonized if convergence toward an IP-based mobile telecommunications networks is to become a reality.
Use of a Peltier chip with a newly devised local brain–cooling system for neocortical seizures in the rat (2006)

Local cortical cooling for termination of epileptic discharges (EDs) has recently become a focus of research. The authors report on a newly devised cooling system that uses a thermoelectric (Peltier) chip and examine the system's performance in experimental neocortical seizures. Experiments were performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after induction of halothane anesthesia. The Peltier chip was attached to a heat sink with a water channel. Two silicon tubes were connected to the heat sink, and water at 37 degrees C was circulated in the channel. The newly designed device was placed on the surface of the cortex. Kainic acid (KA) was injected into the cortex to provoke EDs. In the nonepileptic cortex, the temperature of the cortical surface decreased to 14.8 +/- 1.5 degrees C and that 2 mm below the surface to 27.1 +/- 3.1 degrees C within 30 seconds after the start of cooling. The temperature of the heated side of the chip was maintained at approximately 36.9 degrees C. Without water circulation, the temperature of the cortical surface decreased to 20 degrees C but soon began to increase, peaking at 30 degrees C. The temperature of the heated side of the chip rose to more than 60 degrees C. The EDs, which appeared within 20 minutes after KA injection, began to decrease in amplitude immediately after cooling began and continued to decrease as the temperature of the cortex was lowered. Sufficient miniaturization and good performance of the cooling device was demonstrated. Further efforts to develop implantable cooling systems and improve existing ones should be continued.
Future therapy of hepatitis C (2002)

Currently available therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C are effective in half of patients, but are expensive, often poorly tolerated, and unsuitable for certain patient populations. The ideal therapy would be highly effective, orally bioavailable, have minimal side effects, be cost effective, and suitable for the majority of patients with hepatitis C. Recent advances in understanding the replication cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and structural, crystallographic definitions of components of the viral polyprotein have improved the prospects for development of novel therapies. The lack of a small animal model of HCV infection continues to hamper progress in the preclinical evaluation of new antivirals and vaccines. Strategies to enhance response to current therapies include the development of novel interferons and delivery systems, nucleoside analogues that have reduced hemolysis compared with ribavirin, inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and other immunomodulators that are being evaluated as adjunctive therapy to interferon-based regimens. Compounds in preclinical or early phase human trials include small molecules that inhibit virus specific enzymes (such as the serine proteases, RNA polymerase and helicase), or those that prevent translation initiation (such as antisense molecules and ribozymes). Antifibrotic agents are also being developed in an attempt to prevent disease progression in patients in whom HCV RNA cannot be eradicated. While the advent of these newer compounds represent an exciting phase in the treatment of HCV, their safety and efficacy need to be established. Most of these newer therapies are unlikely to be available for routine clinical use in the next 3 to 5 years.
Network massive MIMO for cell-boundary users: From a precoding normalization perspective (2012)

In this paper, we propose network massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where three radio units (RUs) connected via one digital unit (DU) support multiple user equipments (UEs) at a cell-boundary through the same radio resource, i.e., the same frequency/time band. For precoding designs, zero-forcing (ZF) and matched filter (MF) with vector or matrix normalization are considered. We also derive the formulae of the lower and upper bounds of the achievable sum rate for each precoding. Based on our analytical results, we observe that vector normalization is better for ZF while matrix normalization is better for MF. Given antenna configurations, we also derive the optimal switching point as a function of the number of active users in a network. Numerical simulations confirm our analytical results.
Characterization of ts 16, a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus (1995)

We have characterized a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus, ts16, originally isolated by Condit et al. (Virology 128:429-443, 1983), at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. In a previous study by Kane and Shuman (J. Virol 67:2689-2698, 1993), the mutation of ts16 was mapped to the I7 gene, encoding a 47-kDa protein that shows partial homology to the type II topoisomerase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The present study extends previous electron microscopy analysis, showing that in BSC40 cells infected with ts16 at the restrictive temperature (40 degrees C), the assembly was arrested at a stage between the spherical immature virus and the intracellular mature virus (IMV). In thawed cryosections, a number of the major proteins normally found in the IMV were subsequently localized to these mutant particles. By using sucrose density gradients, the ts16 particles were purified from cells infected at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. These were analyzed by immunogold labelling and negative-staining electron microscopy, and their protein composition was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While the ts16 virus particles made at the permissive temperature appeared to have a protein pattern identical to that of wild-type IMV, in the mutant particles the three core proteins, p4a, p4b, and 28K, were not proteolytically processed. Consistent with previous data the sucrose-purified particles could be labelled with [3H]thymidine. In addition, anti-DNA labelling on thawed cryosections suggested that most of the mutant particles had taken up DNA. On thawed cryosections of cells infected at the permissive temperature, antibodies to I7 labelled the virus factories, the immature viruses, and the IMVs, while under restrictive conditions these structures were labelled much less, if at all. Surprisingly, however, by Western blotting (immunoblotting) the I7 protein was present in similar amounts in the defective particles and in the IMVs isolated at the permissive temperature. Finally, our data suggest that at the nonpermissive temperature the assembly of ts16 is irreversibly arrested in a stage at which the DNA is in the process of entering but before the particle has completely sealed, as monitored by protease experiments.
High mobility group box-1 and tumor (2010)

High mobility group box-1 (HMGBI)is a kind of non-histone chromatin-binding protein in nucleus.HMGB1 is intimately associated with the regulation of transcription,inflammation and rheumatic disease through binding the receptor.Recently,HMGB1 is overexpressed in several malignant tumors,and the expression level is positively correlated with the degree of differentiation,tumor invasion and metastasis.HMGB1 may be a new target molecule of antitumor.

Key words: 
HMGB1 protein ;  Neoplasms;  Receptors
Procedure for systematically tuning up cross-talk in the cross-resonance gate (2016)

We present improvements in both theoretical understanding and experimental implementation of the cross resonance (CR) gate that have led to shorter two-qubit gate times and interleaved randomized benchmarking fidelities exceeding 99%. The CR gate is an all-microwave two-qubit gate that does not require tunability and is therefore well suited to quantum computing architectures based on two-dimensional superconducting qubits. The performance of the gate has previously been hindered by long gate times and fidelities averaging 94--96%. We have developed a calibration procedure that accurately measures the full CR Hamiltonian. The resulting measurements agree with theoretical analysis of the gate and also elucidate the error terms that have previously limited gate fidelity. The increase in fidelity that we have achieved was accomplished by introducing a second microwave drive tone on the target qubit to cancel unwanted components of the CR Hamiltonian.
Time-reversal-symmetry breaking in circuit-QED-based photon lattices (2010)

Breaking time-reversal symmetry is a prerequisite for accessing certain interesting many-body states such as fractional quantum Hall states. For polaritons, charge neutrality prevents magnetic fields from providing a direct symmetry-breaking mechanism and, similar to the situation in ultracold atomic gases, an effective magnetic field has to be synthesized. We show that in the circuit-QED architecture, this can be achieved by inserting simple superconducting circuits into the resonator junctions. In the presence of such coupling elements, constant parallel magnetic and electric fields suffice to break time-reversal symmetry. We support these theoretical predictions with numerical simulations for realistic sample parameters, specify general conditions under which time reversal is broken, and discuss the application to chiral Fock-state transfer, an on-chip circulator, and tunable band structure for the Kagome lattice.