gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cougar approach to in-network query processing in sensor networks (2002)

The widespread distribution and availability of small-scale sensors, actuators, and embedded processors is transforming the physical world into a computing platform. One such example is a sensor network consisting of a large number of sensor nodes that combine physical sensing capabilities such as temperature, light, or seismic sensors with networking and computation capabilities. Applications range from environmental control, warehouse inventory, and health care to military environments. Existing sensor networks assume that the sensors are preprogrammed and send data to a central frontend where the data is aggregated and stored for offline querying and analysis. This approach has two major drawbacks. First, the user cannot change the behavior of the system on the fly. Second, conservation of battery power is a major design factor, but a central system cannot make use of in-network programming, which trades costly communication for cheap local computation.In this paper, we introduce the Cougar approach to tasking sensor networks through declarative queries. Given a user query, a query optimizer generates an efficient query plan for in-network query processing, which can vastly reduce resource usage and thus extend the lifetime of a sensor network. In addition, since queries are asked in a declarative language, the user is shielded from the physical characteristics of the network. We give a short overview of sensor networks, propose a natural architecture for a data management system for sensor networks, and describe open research problems in this area.
Conditional control of selectin ligand expression and global fucosylation events in mice with a targeted mutation at the FX locus (2002)

Glycoprotein fucosylation enables fringe-dependent modulation of signal transduction by Notch transmembrane receptors, contributes to selectin-dependent leukocyte trafficking, and is faulty in leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type II, also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG)-IIc, a rare human disorder characterized by psychomotor defects, developmental abnormalities, and leukocyte adhesion defects. We report here that mice with an induced null mutation in the FX locus, which encodes an enzyme in the de novo pathway for GDP-fucose synthesis, exhibit a virtually complete deficiency of cellular fucosylation, and variable frequency of intrauterine demise determined by parental FX genotype. Live-born FX(-/-) mice exhibit postnatal failure to thrive that is suppressed with a fucose-supplemented diet. FX(-/-) adults suffer from an extreme neutrophilia, myeloproliferation, and absence of leukocyte selectin ligand expression reminiscent of LAD-II/CDG-IIc. Contingent restoration of leukocyte and endothelial selectin ligand expression, general cellular fucosylation, and normal postnatal physiology is achieved by modulating dietary fucose to supply a salvage pathway for GDP-fucose synthesis. Conditional control of fucosylation in FX(-/-) mice identifies cellular fucosylation events as essential concomitants to fertility, early growth and development, and leukocyte adhesion.
Mechanism of Immune Dysfunction in Cancer Mediated by Immature Gr-1+ Myeloid Cells (2001)

The mechanism of tumor-associated T cell dysfunction remains an unresolved problem of tumor immunology. Development of T cell defects in tumor-bearing hosts are often associated with increased production of immature myeloid cells. In tumor-bearing mice, these immature myeloid cells are represented by a population of Gr-1(+) cells. In this study we investigated an effect of these cells on T cell function. Gr-1(+) cells were isolated from MethA sarcoma or C3 tumor-bearing mice using cell sorting. These Gr-1(+) cells expressed myeloid cell marker CD11b and MHC class I molecules, but they lacked expression of MHC class II molecules. Tumor-induced Gr-1(+) cells did not affect T cell responses to Con A and to a peptide presented by MHC class II. In sharp contrast, Gr-1(+) cells completely blocked T cell response to a peptide presented by MHC class I in vitro and in vivo. Block of the specific MHC class I molecules on the surface of Gr-1(+) cells completely abrogated the observed effects of these cells. Thus, immature myeloid cells specifically inhibited CD8-mediated Ag-specific T cell response, but not CD4-mediated T cell response. Differentiation of Gr-1(+) cells in the presence of growth factors and all-trans retinoic acid completely eliminated inhibitory potential of these cells. This may suggest a new approach to cancer treatment.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of D-manno-heptulose, perseitol, glucose, and fructose in avocado cultivars (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of D-manno-heptulose, perseitol, glucose, and fructose in avocado cultivarsPhilip E. Shaw, Charles W. Wilson III, and Robert J. Knight Jr.Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 2, 379–382Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60228a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60228a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effectiveness of Acidic Oxidative Potential Water in Preventing Bacterial Infection in Islet Transplantation (1999)

At a number of points in the current procedures of islet isolation and islet culture after the harvesting of donor pancreata, microorganisms could potentially infect the islet preparation. Furthermore, the use of islets from multiple donors can compound the risks of contamination of individual recipients. Acidic oxidative potential water (also termed electrolyzed strong acid solution, function water, or acqua oxidation water), which was developed in Japan, is a strong acid formed on the anode in the electrolysis of water containing a small amount of sodium chloride. It has these physical properties: pH, from 2.3 to 2.7; oxidative-reduction potential, from 1,000 to 1,100 mV; dissolved chlorine, from 30 to 40 ppm; and dissolved oxygen, from 10 to 30 ppm. Because of these properties, acidic oxidative potential water has strong bactericidal effects on all bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), viruses including HIV, HBV, HCV, CMV, and fungi as a result of the action of the active oxygen and active chlorine that it contains. We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of acidic oxidative potential water irrigation on bacterial contamination on the harvesting of porcine pancreata from slaughterhouses for islet xenotransplantation by counting the number of pancreatic surface bacteria using the Dip-slide method, and on the results of islet culture; and to evaluate the direct effect on isolated islets when it is used to prevent bacterial contamination by the static incubation test and by morphological examination. Direct irrigation of the pancreas by acidic oxidative potential water was found to be very effective in preventing bacterial contamination, but direct irrigation of isolated islets slightly decreased their viability and function.
Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes as RF Filters in Waveguides (2003)

Brushlike arrays of carbon nanotubes embedded in microstrip waveguides provide highly efficient (high-Q) mechanical resonators that will enable ultraminiature radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits. In its basic form, this invention is an RF filter based on a carbon nanotube array embedded in a microstrip (or coplanar) waveguide, as shown in Figure 1. In addition, arrays of these nanotube-based RF filters can be used as an RF filter bank. Applications of this new nanotube array device include a variety of communications and signal-processing technologies. High-Q resonators are essential for stable, low-noise communications, and radar applications. Mechanical oscillators can exhibit orders of magnitude higher Qs than electronic resonant circuits, which are limited by resistive losses. This has motivated the development of a variety of mechanical resonators, including bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, and Si and SiC micromachined resonators (known as microelectromechanical systems or MEMS). There is also a strong push to extend the resonant frequencies of these oscillators into the GHz regime of state-of-the-art electronics. Unfortunately, the BAW and SAW devices tend to be large and are not easily integrated into electronic circuits. MEMS structures have been integrated into circuits, but efforts to extend MEMS resonant frequencies into the GHz regime have been difficult because of scaling problems with the capacitively-coupled drive and readout. In contrast, the proposed devices would be much smaller and hence could be more readily incorporated into advanced RF (more specifically, microwave) integrated circuits.
Binary Multiplication Using Partially Redundant Multiples (1992)

This report presents an extension to Booth&amp;apos;s algorithm for binary multiplication. Most implementations that utilize Booth&amp;apos;s algorithm use the 2 bit version, which reduces the number of partial products required to half that required by a simple add and shift method. Further reduction in the number of partial products can be obtained by using higher order versions of Booth&amp;apos;s algorithm, but it is necessary to generate multiples of one of the operands (such as 3 times an operand) by the use of a carry propagate adder. This carry propagate addition introduces significant delay and additional hardware. The algorithm described in this report produces such difficult multiples in a partially redundant form, using a series of small length adders. These adders operate in parallel with no carries propagating between them. As a result, the delay introduced by multiple generation is minimized and the hardware needed for the multiple generation is also reduced, due to the elimination of expensive ca...
An embedded HMM-based approach for face detection and recognition (1999)

We describe an embedded hidden Markov model (HMM)-based approach for face detection and recognition that uses an efficient set of observation vectors obtained from the 2D-DCT coefficients. The embedded HMM can model the two dimensional data better than the one-dimensional HMM and is computationally less complex than the two-dimensional HMM. This model is appropriate for face images since it exploits an important facial characteristic: frontal faces preserve the same structure of "super states" from top to bottom, and also the same left-to-right structure of "states" inside each of these "super states".
The membrane attack complex (C5b-9) in liver cold ischemia and reperfusion injury (2008)

Activation of the complement cascade represents an important event during ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This work was designed to investigate the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC; C5b-9) in the pathogenesis of hepatic IRI. Livers from B&W/Stahl/rC6(+) and C6(-) rats were harvested, stored for 24 hours at 4 degrees C, and then transplanted [orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)] to syngeneic recipients. There were 4 experimental groups: (1) C6(+)-->C6(+), (2) C6(+)-->C6(-), (3) C6(-)-->C6(+), and (4) C6(-)-->C6(-). At day +1, C6(-) OLTs showed decreased vascular congestion/necrosis, contrasting with extensive necrosis in C6(+) livers, that was independent of the recipient C6 status (Suzuki score: 7.2 +/- 0.9, 7.3 +/- 1.3, 4.5 +/- 0.6, and 4.8 +/- 0.4 for groups 1-4, respectively, P < 0.05). The liver function improved in recipients of C6(-) grafts (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase: 2573 +/- 488, 1808 +/- 302, 1170 +/- 111, and 1188 +/- 184 in groups 1-4, respectively, P < 0.05). Intragraft macrophage infiltration (ED-1 immunostaining) and neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity) were reduced in C6(-) grafts versus C6(+) grafts (P = 0.001); these data were confirmed by esterase staining (naphthol). The expression of proinflammatory interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor messenger RNA/protein was also reduced in C6(-) OLTs in comparison with C6(+) OLTs. Western blot-assisted expression of proapoptotic caspase-3 was decreased in C6(-) OLTs versus C6(+) OLTs (P = 0.006), whereas antiapoptotic Bcl-2/Bag-1 was enhanced in C6(-) OLTs compared with C6(+) OLTs (P = 0.001). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining of apoptotic cells was enhanced (P < 0.05) in C6(+) OLTs compared with C6(-) OLTs. Thus, the terminal products of the complement system are essential in the mechanism of hepatic IRI. This is the first report using a clinically relevant liver cold ischemia model to show that local MAC inhibition attenuates IRI cascade in OLT recipients.
Evolutionary architectures and techniques for video distribution on fiber (1989)

A number of proposed and/or demonstrated approaches to video distribution on fiber are highlighted. Each of the architectures described embodies a different combination of delivery mode, degree of fiber utilization, transmission format, and multiplexing technique. The various approaches typically rely on different classes of technologies and can result in different service capabilities. Since available technologies and service demands generally evolve with time, the architectures are presented in an evolutionary manner, beginning with those that appear technologically and economically feasible in the early 1990s, and ending with more sophisticated techniques targeted for the late 1990s and beyond. For each time frame, key technology and system issues are stressed, as well as limits and driving forces that may trigger evolution to later, more advanced architectures. The key design considerations that are common to all of these approaches and the factors that will ultimately govern the pace of evolution from one class of architectures to another are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Towards Novel Treatments for Schizophrenia: Molecular and Behavioural Signatures of the Psychotropic Agent SEP-363856 (2021)

Schizophrenia is a complex psychopathology whose treatment is still challenging. Given the limitations of existing antipsychotics, there is urgent need for novel drugs with fewer side effects. SEP-363856 (SEP-856) is a novel psychotropic agent currently under phase III clinical investigation for schizophrenia treatment. In this study, we investigated the ability of an acute oral SEP-856 administration to modulate the functional activity of specific brain regions at basal levels and under glutamatergic or dopaminergic-perturbed conditions in adult rats. We found that immediate-early genes (IEGs) expression was strongly upregulated in the prefrontal cortex and, to a less extent, in the ventral hippocampus, suggesting an activation of these regions. Furthermore, SEP-856 was effective in preventing the hyperactivity induced by an acute injection of phencyclidine (PCP), but not of <i>d</i>-amphetamine (AMPH). The compound effectively normalized the PCP-induced increase in IEGs expression in the PFC at all doses tested, whereas only the highest dose determined the major modulations on AMPH-induced changes. Lastly, SEP-856 acute administration corrected the cognitive deficits produced by subchronic PCP administration. Taken together, our data provide further insights on SEP-856, suggesting that modulation of the PFC may represent an important mechanism for the functional and behavioural activity of this novel compound.
Osteoblast responses to orthopedic implant materials in vitro (1991)

Responses of neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts to a variety of orthopedic implant materials were examined in vitro. Attachment, proliferation, and collagen synthesis of a well-characterized line of osteoblasts with 316L stainless steel, Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo, PMMA, hydroxyapatite, borosilicate glass, and tissue culture polystyrene were studied. Cell adhesion and growth were similar on nonapatitic materials. In contrast, attachment and growth of osteoblasts were significantly lower and slower, respectively, on hydroxyapatite. Collagen synthesis per cell and relative collagen synthesis, however, were comparable on all the materials tested.
Integrin Targeted Therapeutics (2011)

Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that function as mechanosensors, adhesion molecules and signal transduction platforms in a multitude of biological processes. As such, integrins are central to the etiology and pathology of many disease states. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of integrins is of great interest for the treatment and prevention of disease. In the last two decades several integrin-targeted drugs have made their way into clinical use, many others are in clinical trials and still more are showing promise as they advance through preclinical development. Herein, this review examines and evaluates the various drugs and compounds targeting integrins and the disease states in which they are implicated.
Synthesis and duplex-forming ability of oligonucleotides containing 4′-carboxythymidine analogs (2012)

Oligonucleotides containing 4'-carboxy-, 4'-methoxycarbonyl-, 4'-carbamoyl-, and 4'-methylcarbamoyl-thymidines, and their 2'-methoxy, 2'-amino or 2'-acetamido analogs were prepared. Their duplex-forming ability with DNA and RNA complements was evaluated by UV melting experiments. Interestingly, 4'-carboxythymidine existing in the S-type sugar conformation was found to lead to an increase in the stability of the duplex formed with RNA complements compared to natural thymidine.
The Fetal Basis of Amyloidogenesis: Exposure to Lead and Latent Overexpression of Amyloid Precursor Protein and β-Amyloid in the Aging Brain (2005)

The fetal basis of adult disease (FeBAD) hypothesis states that many adult diseases have a fetal origin. According to FeBAD, injury or environmental influences occurring at critical periods of organ development could result in "programmatic" changes via alterations in gene expression or gene imprinting that may result in functional deficits that become apparent later in life. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by excessive deposits of aggregated beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides, which are snippets of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). The predominantly sporadic nature of AD suggests that the environment must play a role in neurodegeneration. To examine latent responses to an environmental agent, we exposed rodents to lead and monitored the lifetime expression of the APP gene. We observed that APP mRNA expression was transiently induced in neonates, but exhibited a delayed overexpression 20 months after exposure to Pb had ceased. This upregulation in APP mRNA expression was commensurate with a rise in activity of the transcription factor Sp1, one of the regulators of the APP gene. Furthermore, the increase in APP gene expression in old age was accompanied by an elevation in APP and its amyloidogenic Abeta product. In contrast, APP expression, Sp1 activity, as well as APP and Abeta protein levels were unresponsive to Pb exposure during old age. These data suggested that environmental influences occurring during brain development predetermined the expression and regulation of APP later in life, potentially altering the course of amyloidogenesis.
Identification of Promoter Elements Involved in Cell-specific Regulation of Rat Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Transcription (1996)

In order to identify cis-acting regulatory elements involved in smooth muscle cell-specific gene regulation, we have cloned a 4.7-kilobase pair fragment of the promoter for the rat smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, a protein expressed in differentiated smooth muscle cells. Sequence analysis of a 1.7-kilobase pair portion of this clone reveals potential binding sites for known transcription factors. A comparison of the primary sequence between the rat and rabbit smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoters reveals numerous conserved consensus binding sites. Transient transfection analysis of promoter deletion constructs in rat aorta and tracheal smooth muscle cells, L8 myoblast cells, and rat pulmonary aorta endothelial cells suggests that a region of the promoter located between −1,249 and −1,317 base pairs is important for the restriction of gene expression to smooth muscle cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis of a highly conserved region located between −1,317 and −1,085 base pairs reveals specific DNA-protein complexes formed in smooth muscle cell extracts, which can be competed with an oligonucleotide containing a nuclear factor 1 binding site. In order to identify cis-acting regulatory elements involved in smooth muscle cell-specific gene regulation, we have cloned a 4.7-kilobase pair fragment of the promoter for the rat smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, a protein expressed in differentiated smooth muscle cells. Sequence analysis of a 1.7-kilobase pair portion of this clone reveals potential binding sites for known transcription factors. A comparison of the primary sequence between the rat and rabbit smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoters reveals numerous conserved consensus binding sites. Transient transfection analysis of promoter deletion constructs in rat aorta and tracheal smooth muscle cells, L8 myoblast cells, and rat pulmonary aorta endothelial cells suggests that a region of the promoter located between −1,249 and −1,317 base pairs is important for the restriction of gene expression to smooth muscle cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis of a highly conserved region located between −1,317 and −1,085 base pairs reveals specific DNA-protein complexes formed in smooth muscle cell extracts, which can be competed with an oligonucleotide containing a nuclear factor 1 binding site.
Stabilization of α-helix structure by polar side-chain interactions: Complex salt bridges, cation–π interactions, and C–H … O H-bonds (2001)

It is generally understood that helical proteins are stabilized by a combination of hydrophobic and packing interactions, together with H-bonds and electrostatic interactions. Here we show that polar side-chain interactions on the surface can play an important role in helix formation and stability. We review studies on model helical peptides that reveal the effect of weak interactions between side chains on helix stability, focusing on some nonclassical side-chain-side-chain interactions: complex salt bridges, cation-pi, and C-H em leader O H-bonding interactions. Each of these can be shown to contribute to helix stability, and thus must be included in a comprehensive catalogue of helix stabilizing effects. The issue of the structure of the unfolded states of helical peptides is also discussed, in the light of recent experiments showing that these contain substantial amounts of polyproline II conformation.