gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Myelofibrosis (2011)

Myelofibrosis (MF), either primary or arising from previous polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET), is the worst among the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms in terms of survival and quality of life. Patients with MF have to face several clinical issues that, because of the poor effectiveness of medical therapy, surgery or radiotherapy, represent largely unmet clinical needs. Powerful risk stratification systems, applicable either at diagnosis using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) or during the variable course of illness using the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) and DIPSS Plus, allow recognition of categories of patients with survival times ranging from decades to < 2 years. These scores are especially important for therapeutic decisions that include allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allogeneic SCT), the only curative approach that still carries a nonnegligible risk of morbidity and mortality even with newest reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens. Discovery of JAK2V617F mutation prompted the development of clinical trials using JAK2 inhibitors; these agents overall have resulted in meaningful symptomatic improvement and reduction of splenomegaly that were otherwise not achievable with conventional therapy. Intriguing differences in the efficacy and tolerability of JAK2 inhibitors are being recognized, which could lead to a nonoverlapping spectrum of activity/safety. Other agents that do not directly target JAK2 and have shown symptomatic efficacy in MF are represented by inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Pomalidomide appears to be particularly active against MF-associated anemia. However, because these agents are all poorly effective in reducing the burden of mutated cells, further advancements are needed to move from enhancing our ability to palliate the disease to arriving at an actual cure for MF.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Apoptosis, Antimicrobial Peptides and Human Inflammatory Diseases (2015)

Excessive free radical generation, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress in the biological system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathological conditions associated with diverse human inflammatory diseases (HIDs). Although inflammation which is considered advantageous is a defensive mechanism in response to xenobiotics and foreign pathogen; as a result of cellular damage arising from oxidative stress, if uncontrolled, it may degenerate to chronic inflammation when the ROS levels exceed the antioxidant capacity. Therefore, in the normal resolution of inflammatory reactions, apoptosis is acknowledged to play a crucial role, while on the other hand, dysregulation in the induction of apoptosis by enhanced ROS production could also result in excessive apoptosis identified in the pathogenesis of HIDs. Apparently, a careful balance must be maintained in this complex environment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed in this review as an excellent candidate capable of playing prominent roles in maintaining this balance. Consequently, in novel drug design for the treatment and management of HIDs, AMPs are promising candidates owing to their size and multidimensional properties as well as their wide spectrum of activities and indications of reduced rate of resistance.
Fungicidal Components of Mammalian Granulocytes Active against Cryptococcus neoformans (1977)

Citric acid extracts of granule-rich fractions, prepared from rabbit and guinea pig heterophils or human neutrophis, killed Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. These extracts sere fractionated by micropreparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. In preparation of rabbit and guinea pig heterophils, cryptococcidal activity was associated predominantely with lysosomal cationic protein complex. Human neutrophils lacked strictly comparable cationic proteins but contained other components that killed C. neoformans. These components appeared to be identical to previously described proteins of the human neutrophil active against Candida parapsilosis.
Reductive amination of .alpha.-formyl lactones. II. Synthesis of tulipalin A and B and the acylglucoside, Tuliposide A, fungitoxic agents from Tulipa gesneriana. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of anomeric configuration in acylglucosides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive amination of .alpha.-formyl lactones. II. Synthesis of tulipalin A and B and the acylglucoside, Tuliposide A, fungitoxic agents from Tulipa gesneriana. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of anomeric configuration in acylglucosidesCharles R. HutchinsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 13, 1854–1858Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00927a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00927a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting Drops In Electronic Dance Music: Content Based Approaches To A Socially Significant Music Event. (2014)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders (1999)

Until recently many clinical trials of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) suVered from important weaknesses in trial design, study execution, and data analysis. This makes it diYcult to determine whether truly eYcacious therapies exist for these disorders. One of the important methodologic problems is the absence of validated outcome measures and lack of consensus among stakeholders on how to measure outcome. Currently much of the eVort is being put into the development of validated outcome measures for several of the FGIDs. The randomized, controlled trial with parallel groups is the design of choice. In this report, guidelines are given for the basic architecture of intervention studies of FGIDs. Further studies on design issues are required to ensure the recommendations will become evidence based in the future.
On the assessment of optical images (1955)

Abstract In the formation of an optical image, each surface element of the object gives rise to a more or less blurred distribution in the image surface, of total brightness proportional to that of the object element. The image is the sum of these distributions in the appropriate sense: when the object is coherently lit, the image is built up by adding their complex amplitudes; when the object elements are regarded as incoherent it is the intensities which are added. In both cases the image can be expressed as the convolution of the object with a spread function which characterizes the optical system. In systems for which the spread function does not change appreciably from one part of the field to another, the Fourier transform of the image is obtained to a sufficient approximation on multiplying the Fourier transform of the object with that of the spread function. More generally, this holds for any part of the field of a non-isoplanatic system over which the changes in the form of the spread function are small enough to be disregarded; we call such an area an ‘isoplanatism-patch’. Working over such an area, an optical system can be regarded as a linear filter in which the Fourier components of the object reappear in the image multiplied by ‘transmission factors’. These factors, first considered by Duffieux, depend on the aperture and aberrations of the system, and in §2 they are evaluated in terms of an ikonal function. The qualities required of an optical image are so varied that an assessment valid over the whole range of practical applications seems out of the question. Two extreme cases are considered in the present paper. In the first of these it is assumed that the aim of an optical design is to produce an image which is directly similar to the object. This is appropriate when no process of image interpretation or reconstruction is envisaged. In the second case, the aim is to produce an image containing the greatest possible amount of information about the object, without regard to the complexity of the interpretation processes which may be needed to extract it. For the first case, a criterion of image fidelity is proposed in §2.4 which gives a numerical measure of the resemblance of image to object in terms of the transmission factors of the optical system. In the second case, assessment is based on the information content of the image in Shannon’s sense. This depends not only on the transmission factors of the system but also on the statistical properties of the presumed object set and of the unpredictable fluctuations which necessarily disturb observation; the analysis is carried through in §3. In §4 the assessment of optical images is discussed in terms of these two criteria.
Deposition of highly resistive, undoped, and p-type, magnesium-doped gallium nitride films by modified gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1993)

Undoped, highly resistive (≳102 Ω cm) and Mg-doped, p-type (0.3 Ω cm) monocrystalline GaN films with a thickness of (4–5)×103 Å have been achieved via modified gas source molecular beam epitaxy on AIN buffer layers without the post-processing procedures of either electron beam irradiation or annealing necessary in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) derived films. The carrier concentrations and mobilities could not be accurately measured in the undoped films; values to 1018 cm−3 and 10 cm2/V s, respectively, have been achieved in the p-type films. These results indirectly support the hypothesis of Mg-H complexes as the cause of the difficulty in achieving highly conducting p-type materials using CVD techniques.
The solid-phase reaction [60]fullerene: novel addition of organozinc reagents (1996)

Reaction of ethyl bromoacetate and zinc with [60]fullerene in the absence of any solvent, followed by quenching with acid affords 1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1-20 dihydro [60]fullerene along with other minor byproducts including 1,4-bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4-dihydro[60]fullerene; a detailed reaction mechanism is proposed.
Adhesion Protein Protocols (1999)

In Adhesion Protein Protocols, an international corps of expert investigators describe their optimized techniques for both the identification of new cell adhesion proteins and the characterization of novel adhesive structures. Their cutting edge methods will enable both novice and experienced researchers readily to identify and clone new adhesion proteins, to successfully produce inhibitors of adhesive activity, to develop biological models for the assay of cell-to-matrix and cell-to-cell adhesion in vitro, and to measure the signaling activities of adhesion proteins. The protocols described here constitute a guide to some of the most important assays in cell biology, promising significant results not only to those interested in adhesion processes, but also to scientists from many different disciplines. Adhesion Protein Protocols is the first collection of methodologies devoted entirely to the study of adhesion molecules. By illuminating these molecules and the possibilities for manipulating them, the new experimental strategies collected here offer powerful approaches to the regulation of immunity, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and embryonic development. The book will become the standard source for those wishing to discover new adhesion molecules and to characterize their biological activity
Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Human Acrosomal Protein SP-101 (1993)

SP-10 is a human intra-acrosomal protein that is first detected in the developing acrosome of round spermatids and is observed associated with the acrosomal membranes and matrix of mature sperm. Recombinant SP-10 is currently being tested as a contraceptive vaccine immunogen on the basis of its tissue specificity as well as functional assays indicating that anti-SP-10 antisera inhibit sperm-egg interactions. In the present study, structural characterization of the human SP-10 gene was undertaken to investigate the expression of the gene and to identify possible functions of the SP-10 protein within the acrosome. Genomic blots indicate that SP-10 is encoded by a single-copy gene. Mapping and sequencing of the 8-kb SP-10 gene show that the SP-10 mRNA consists of exons of 119, 487, 113, and 390 bp with each exon coding for a distinct structural domain within the SP-10 protein. An in-frame alternatively spliced form of the SP-10 mRNA, identified during SP-10 cDNA characterization, employs the same 3' splice site as the 487-bp exon and a unique 5' splice site within the 487-bp exon. Previous comparisons of human, baboon, and macaque SP-10 cDNA sequences indicated that the baboon and macaque cDNAs contained 60 bp (20 aa) not present in the human SP-10 cDNA. Analysis of the human SP-10 genomic sequence suggests that a 60-bp deletion may have occurred during the evolution of the human SP-10 gene by homologous recombination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Concentration-time interactions in hydrogen sulphide toxicity in rats. (1988)

Concentration-time interactions were investigated in young male and female Sprague-Dawley, Long Evans and Fischer-344 rats exposed to hydrogen sulphide for two, four or six hours. Higher concentrations caused more deaths, with no significant difference for duration of exposure. A significant sex effect was noted with 30% mortality in males and 20% in females, with no significant difference among strains. Changes in weight were significant: increasing with concentration, higher in males than in females, different among strains (Fischer-344 less than Sprague Dawley less than Long Evans), and affected by duration of exposure. Lethal concentration values (LC50 and LC10) were estimated, for the pooled data set (n = 456); the probit equation was Y = -5.74749 + 3.8259X where X is log10 dose of hydrogen sulphide in parts per million. The LC50/LC10 values were 644/298 parts per million (902/417 mg m-3) respectively. Individual probit analyses were also performed for strain, hours of exposure and sex. The LC50 and LC10 values for male, female and strain were not different. Significant differences were observed among LC50/LC10 values for hours of exposure (2 h = 587/549 parts per million, 822/769 mg m-3; 4 h = 501/422 parts per million, 701/591 mg m-3; 6 h = 335/299 parts per million, 469/491 mg m-3). There was no effect of spatial position in the exposure chamber on the distribution of mortality. All rats of all strains dying had severe pulmonary edema.
Characterization of a novel subset of CD8(+) T cells that expands in patients receiving interleukin-12. (1998)

IL-12 has significant antitumor activity in mice that may be mediated by CD8(+) T cells. We show in this report that repeated subcutaneous injections of IL-12 in patients with cancer resulted in the selective expansion of a subset of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells. This T cell subset expressed high levels of CD18 and upregulated IL-12 receptor expression after IL-12 treatment in vivo. In normal subjects, these CD3(+)CD8(+)CD18(bright) T cells expressed IL-12 and IL-2 receptors and adhesion/costimulatory molecules to a greater degree than other CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. They appeared morphologically as large granular lymphocytes, although they did not express NK cell markers such as CD56. In addition, CD8(+)CD18(bright) T cells were almost exclusively T cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta+, and exhibited a TCR Vbeta repertoire that was strikingly oligoclonal, whereas the Vbeta repertoire of CD18(dim) T cells was polyclonal. Although CD8+CD18(bright) T cells demonstrated little functional responsiveness to IL-12 or IL-2 alone in vitro, they responded to the combination of IL-12+IL-2 with strong IFN-gamma production and proliferation and enhanced non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activity. In contrast, CD18(dim) T cells were not activated by IL-12 or IL-2, alone or in combination. These findings demonstrate that CD8+CD18(bright) T cells are a unique population of peripheral blood lymphocytes with features of both memory and effector cells that are capable of TCR-independent activation through combined stimulation with IL-12+IL-2. As this activation results in IFN-gamma production and enhanced cytolytic activity, these T cells may play a role in innate as well as acquired immunity to tumors and infectious pathogens. Additional studies will be necessary to determine whether CD8+CD18(bright) T cells mediate the antitumor effect of IL-12 or IL-2 administered to cancer patients, and if so, whether maximal activation of these T cells with the combination of IL-12+IL-2 in vivo can augment the clinical effectiveness of these cytokines.
Resonance Raman Spectra of Bovine Liver Catalase Compound II (1989)

Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structure and environment of the heme group in bovine liver catalase compound II. Both Soret- and Q-band excitation have been employed to observe and assign the skeletal stretching frequencies of the porphyrin ring. The oxidation state marker band v4 increases in frequency from 1373 cm-1 in ferricatalase to 1375 cm-1 in compound II, consistent with oxidation of the iron atom to the Fe(IV) state. Oxidation of five-coordinate, high-spin ferricatalase to compound II is accompanied by a marked increase of the porphyrin core marker frequencies that is consistent with a six-coordinate low-spin state with a contracted core. An Fe(IV) = O stretching band is observed at 775 cm-1 for compound II at neutral pH, indicating that there is an oxo ligand at the sixth site. At alkaline pH, the Fe(IV) = O stretching band shifts to 786 cm-1 in response to a heme-linked ionization that is attributed to the distal His-74 residue. Experiments carried out in H218O show that the oxo ligand of compound II exchanges with bulk water at neutral pH, but not at alkaline pH. This is essentially the same behavior exhibited by horseradish peroxidase compound II and the exchange reaction at neutral pH for both enzymes is attributed to acid/base catalysis by a distal His residue that is believed to be hydrogen-bonded to the oxo ligand. Thus, the structure and environment of the heme group of the compound II species of catalase and horseradish peroxidase are very similar. This indicates that the marked differences in their reactivities as oxidants are probably due to the manner in which the protein controls access of substrates to the heme group.
Risk factors, preemptive therapy, and antiperistaltic agents for Clostridium difficile infection in cancer patients (2013)

CDI was not uncommon in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. IgA myeloma appears to be protective. Concurrent antiperistaltic (loperamide) and preemptive CDI therapies were associated with excellent outcomes. Prior CDI history increased the risk for recurrence during successive chemotherapy courses.
Action of Hydrazines on Substituted 3,5-Pyrazolidinediones (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Hydrazines on Substituted 3,5-PyrazolidinedionesAHMED MUSTAFA, MOHAMED KIRA, and SHAWKY NAKHLACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3389–3391Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a090https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stress measurements in silicon devices through Raman spectroscopy: Bridging the gap between theory and experiment (1996)

The different steps that have to be taken in order to derive information about local mechanical stress in silicon using micro-Raman spectroscopy experiments, including theoretical and experimental aspects, are discussed. It is shown that the calculations are in general less complicated when they are done in the axes system of the sample. For that purpose, the secular equation is calculated in the axes system [110], [−110], [001], which is important for microelectronics structures. The theory relating Raman mode shift with stress tensor components is applied using two analytical stress models: uniaxial stress and planar stress. The results of these models are fitted to data from micro-Raman spectroscopy experiments on Si3N4/poly-Si lines on silicon substrate. In this fit procedure, the dimensions of the laser spot and its penetration depth in the substrate are also taken into account.
Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: Links to racial‐ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian‐heritage college students (2016)

Our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple emotion regulation strategies simultaneously-considering what strategies are available to individuals and in what combination they are used-to understand how best to deal with negative emotions resulting from experiencing discrimination.
Turning Waste into Value: Potassium‐Promoted Red Mud as an Effective Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of CO2 (2020)

Since 1887, red mud has been an unavoidable waste derived from the production of alumina in the Bayer process. Because of its high alkalinity and metal loading, red mud disposal and storage constitute a significant environmental risk. With worldwide storage capacity reaching its limits and no alternatives to the Bayer Process, the development of methods for the valorization of red mud is a must. In this study, red mud is converted into an efficient catalyst for the valorization of CO<sub>2</sub> . By simple potassium promotion, 45 % conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> with a light olefin (C<sub>2</sub> -C<sub>4</sub> ) selectivity of 36 % is achieved at 375 °C, 30 bar, and 9600 mL g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> , matching the performance of some of the best catalysts reported to date.