gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of murine L cells expressing recombinant human EBV/C3d receptor. (1988)

The normal host range of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is limited to primate B lymphocytes and certain epithelial cells that express the C3d/EBV receptor [complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21)]. In the present study, expansion of the tissue tropism of EBV has been accomplished by stably transfecting the murine fibroblast L cell line with pMT.CR2. neo.1, a eukaryotic expression vector promoting the transcription of a complementary DNA insert encoding human CR2. High CR2-expressing transfected L cells were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The recombinant CR2 was shown to have the same molecular weight as wild-type CR2 from Raji cells and to mediate the binding by the transfectants of particles bearing the iC3b and C3d fragments of the third component of complement. All CR2-expressing L cells, but not nontransfected controls, also bound EBV, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. After a 60-hr culture, approximately 0.5% of the CR2-expressing cells preincubated with EBV demonstrated immunofluorescent staining of EBV nuclear antigen with serum from a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No fluorescent staining of cells was seen with monoclonal antibodies to the early antigen complex or to gp350/220, indicating that the infection was predominantly latent. Infected cells cultured for up to 4 weeks remained EBV nuclear antigen-positive. The capacity of recombinant human CR2 to confer on murine L cells susceptibility to stable latent infection by EBV indicates that this receptor is a primary determinant of the tissue tropism of EBV and may facilitate studies of cell-specific factors that regulate the viral growth cycle.
Innovative ESD protections for UTBB FD-SOI technology (2013)

We present an innovative set of UTBB (Ultra-Thin Body and BOX) ESD protection devices, which achieves remarkable performance in terms of leakage current and triggering control. Ultra-low leakage current below 0.1 pA/μm and adjustable triggering (1.1V <; V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t1</sub> <; 2.6V) capability are demonstrated. These devices rely on gate-controlled injection barriers and match the 28nm UTBB-FDSOI ESD design window by triggering before the nominal breakdown voltage of digital core MOS transistors.
Attenuation of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice by monoclonal antibody to interleukin-12 (2001)

We previously demonstrated essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) pathway in bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice. T lymphocytes and natural killer cells express FasL on activation and use it as a cytotoxic effector molecule. Because interleukin (IL)-12 is known to play a critical role in cell-mediated immunity, we investigated whether anti-IL-12 antibody treatment suppresses the development of this model. The anti-IL-12 antibody treatment decreased the number of apoptotic cells and the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue. The results of RT-PCR showed that IL-12p40, IL-12 receptor (R) beta2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and FasL mRNAs were upregulated after bleomycin instillation. The upregulation of FasL, IL-12Rbeta2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in lung tissue was suppressed by anti-IL-12 antibody treatment. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the levels of IL-12p40, but not of IL-12p70, were increased in lung tissue after bleomycin instillation. Although the increase in IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA levels suggests that the T helper type 1 cell response may participate in lung injury, the increase in IL-12p40 supports T helper type 2 cell predominance in the fibrotic process of this model. The administration of anti-IL-12 antibody could be a novel therapy against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
Standardised Assessment of Personality – Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): Preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder (2003)

The study provides preliminary evidence of the usefulness of the screen in routine clinical settings.
Increase in Peripheral Benzodiazepine Binding Sites in Colonic Adenocarcinoma (1990)

Binding characteristics of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites (PBS) in membrane homogenates of samples taken at abdominal surgery from colonic adenocarcinoma and from healthy colonic tissues in 17 patients were determined. [3H]PK 11195, an isoquinoline carboxamide derivative, which exhibits high affinity to PBS, was used as a radioligand for the binding assay. A robust increase (3.1-fold) was found in membranes from the tumor sites as compared to normal control colon, whereas the affinity of [3H]PK 11195 to PBS was similar in both tissues.
FELLOW CLINICAL GERONTOLOGISTS... (1992)

No abstract available for this article.
Overexpression of miR-196b and HOXA10 characterize a poor-prognosis gastric cancer subtype (2013)

Co-activation of miR-196b and HOXA10 characterized a poor-prognosis subgroup of patients with gastric cancer. Elucidation of the biologic function of miR-196b and HOXA10 is warranted.
Effect of Alpha-Interferon on Anti-Alpha-Fetoprotein-Monoclonal-Antibody Targeting of Hepatoma (1993)

We studied the potential of alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) to enhance alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and thus alter the localization of 125I-labeled antibody to the human hepatoma xenograft in athymic mice using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 19F12, which recognized AFP on the surface of human hepatoma cells. Treatment of the human hepatoma cell NuE with IFN-alpha increased the surface expression of AFP 2.4-fold in an IFN-dose-dependent manner. The IFN-alpha treatment substantially increased (2.7-fold) the localization of 125I-labeled 19F12 to NuE xenografts in athymic mice. The increase in localization of 125I-labeled 19F12 was dependent on the circulating plasma IFN levels. Our experimental results suggested that IFN-alpha could act as a potent modulator of the cellular antigen AFP, and be used to enhance the targeting of a conjugated MAb to hepatoma cell populations.
Comparative Value of Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, Soybean Oil Meal, and Linseed Oil Meal for Milk Production (1960)

SUGARY
Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)acrylamide) Brushes by Surface Initiated Polymerization: Effect of Macromonomer Chain Length on Brush Growth and Protein Adsorption from Blood Plasma (2009)

Three hydrolytically stable polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based N-substituted acrylamide macromonomers, methoxypolyethyleneglycol (350) acrylamide (MPEG350Am) methoxypolyethyleneglycol (750) acrylamide(MPEG750Am) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol (2000)acrylamide (MPEG2000Am) with increasing PEG chain length were synthesized. Surface-initiated aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyl triethylene tetramine (HMTETA) catalyst was utilized to generate dense polymer brushes from these monomers via an ester linker group on the surface of model polystyrene (PS) particles. The molecular weight, hydrodynamic thickness, and graft densities of the grafted polymer layers were controlled by changing the reaction parameters of monomer concentration, addition of Cu(II)Cl2, and sodium chloride. The graft densities of surface-grafted brushes decreased with increasing PEG macromonomer chain length, 350 > 750 >> 2000, under similar experimental conditions. The molecular weight of grafts increased with increase in monomer concentration, and only selected conditions produced narrow distributed polymer chains. The molecular weight of grafted polymer chains differs significantly to those formed in solution. The hydrodynamic thicknesses of the grafted polymer layers were fitted to the Daoud and Cotton model (DCM) for brush height on spherical surfaces. The results show that the size of the pendent groups on the polymer chains has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush for a given degree of polymerization. The new PEG-based surfaces show good protection against nonspecific protein adsorption from blood plasma compared to the bare surface. Protein adsorption decreased with increasing surface density of grafted polymer chains. Poly(MPEG750Am) brushes were more effective in preventing protein adsorption than poly(MPEG350Am) even at low graft densities, presumably due to the increase in PEG content in the grafted layer.
Contenidos definidos por el usuario en un medio de aprendizaje constructivista (2006)

En la era digital se están desarrollando nuevas pedagogías que reflejan colaboración, pensamiento interiorizado, reflexión e iteración en vez del concepto de la lección impartida; no obstante, son muchos los que aún consideran Internet un mecanismo práctico para entregar material tradicional en línea.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Insight (2014)

Insight occurs when a person suddenly reinterprets a stimulus, situation, or event to produce a nonobvious, nondominant interpretation. This can take the form of a solution to a problem (an "aha moment"), comprehension of a joke or metaphor, or recognition of an ambiguous percept. Insight research began a century ago, but neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have been applied to its study only during the past decade. Recent work has revealed insight-related coarse semantic coding in the right hemisphere and internally focused attention preceding and during problem solving. Individual differences in the tendency to solve problems insightfully rather than in a deliberate, analytic fashion are associated with different patterns of resting-state brain activity. Recent studies have begun to apply direct brain stimulation to facilitate insight. In sum, the cognitive neuroscience of insight is an exciting new area of research with connections to fundamental neurocognitive processes.
A dual-monoclonal sandwich assay for prostate-specific membrane antigen: Levels in tissues, seminal fluid and urine (2000)

This report is the first to describe absolute quantitation of PSMA in tissues and fluids. Congruent with earlier tissue studies based on immunohistochemical staining and Western-blot analysis, prostate tissue membranes expressed the highest levels of PSMA.
Purification and properties of agmatine ureohydrolyase, a putrescine biosynthetic enzyme in Escherichia coli (1986)

The putrescine biosynthetic enzyme agmatine ureohydrolase (AUH) (EC 3.5.3.11) catalyzes the conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Escherichia coli. AUH was purified approximately 1,600-fold from an E. coli strain transformed with the plasmid pKA5 bearing the speB gene encoding the enzyme. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation, heat treatment, and DEAE-sephacel column chromatography. The molecular mass of nondenatured AUH is approximately 80,000 daltons as determined by gel-sieving column chromatography, while on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, the molecular mass is approximately 38,000 daltons; thus, native AUH is most likely a dimer. A radiolabeled protein extracted from minicells carrying the pKA5 plasmid comigrated with the purified AUH in both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide and native polyacrylamide gels. The pI of purified AUH is between 8.2 and 8.4, as determined by either chromatofocusing or isoelectric focusing. The Km of purified AUH for agmatine is 1.2 mM; the pH optimum is 7.3. Neither the numerous ions and nucleotides tested nor polyamines affected AUH activity in vitro. EDTA and EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid] at 1 mM inactivated AUH activity by 53 and 74%, respectively; none of numerous divalent cations tested restored AUH activity. Ornithine inhibited AUH activity noncompetitively (Ki = 6 X 10(-3) M), while arginine inhibited AUH activity competitively (Ki = 9 X 10(-3) M).
Improving UNIX kernel performance using profile based optimization (1994)

Several studies have shown that operating system performance has lagged behind improvements in application performance. In this paper we show how operating systems can be improved to make better use of RISC architectures, particularly in some of the networking code, using a compiling technique known as Profile Based Optimization (PBO). PBO uses profiles from the execution of a program to determine how to best organize the binary code to reduce the number of dynamically taken branches and reduce instruction cache misses. In the case of an operating system, PBO can use profiles produced by instrumented kernels to optimize a kernel image to reflect patterns of use on a particular system. Tests applying PBO to an HP-UX kernel running on an HP9000/720 show that certain parts of the system code (most notably the networking code) achieve substantial performance improvements of up to 35% on micro benchmarks. Overall system performance typically improves by about 5%.
Bayesian Inference for Non-Stationary Spatial Covariance Structure via Spatial Deformations (2003)

Summary In geostatistics it is common practice to assume that the underlying spatial process is stationary and isotropic, i.e. the spatial distribution is unchanged when the origin of the index set is translated and under rotation about the origin. However, in environmental problems, such assumptions are not realistic since local influences in the correlation structure of the spatial process may be found in the data. The paper proposes a Bayesian model to address the anisot- ropy problem. Following Sampson and Guttorp, we define the correlation function of the spatial process by reference to a latent space, denoted by D, where stationarity and isotropy hold. The space where the gauged monitoring sites lie is denoted by G. We adopt a Bayesian approach in which the mapping between G and D is represented by an unknown function d(·). A Gaussian process prior distribution is defined for d(·). Unlike the Sampson–Guttorp approach, the mapping of both gauged and ungauged sites is handled in a single framework, and predictive inferences take explicit account of uncertainty in the mapping. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to obtain samples from the posterior distributions. Two examples are discussed: a simulated data set and the solar radiation data set that also was analysed by Sampson and Guttorp.
Synthesis of α-Galactosyl Ceramide, a Potent Immunostimulatory Agent (2002)

Alpha-galactosyl ceramide has been identified to be a potent stimulatory agent for a novel immunological process, mediated by CD1 molecules. This paper describes a short and efficient synthesis of alpha-galactosyl ceramide. Starting from commercially available 2-deoxy galactose, a suitable sphingosine derivative was obtained in nine steps and 36% overall yield, which was subsequently glycosylated to give the target molecule. This flexible route will provide various glycolipids for further exploration of this interesting biological process.
Induction of xenobiotic enzymes by the map kinase pathway and the antioxidant or electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE),†,‡ (2001)

Cellular responses to xenobiotic-induced stress can signal proliferation, differentiation, homeostasis, apoptosis, or necrosis. To better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms after exposure to xenobiotics or drugs, we studied the signal transduction pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2, activated by different agents in the induction of Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). The MAPKs, characterized as proline-directed serine/threonine kinases, are essential components of signaling pathways that convert various extracellular signals into intracellular responses through serial phosphorylation cascades. Once activated, MAPKs can phosphorylate many transcription factors, such as c-Jun, ATF-2, and ultimately lead to changes in gene expression. Two classes of Phase II gene inducers, which are also cancer chemopreventive agents, were studied: (1) the phenolic antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its active de-methylated metabolite t-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), and phenolic flavonoids such as green tea polyphenols (GTP) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); and (2) the naturally occurring isothiocyanates, namely phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and sulforaphane. BHA and tBHQ are both well-known phenolic antioxidants used as food preservatives, and strongly activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2), or p38, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or glutathione (GSH), inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK1 activation by BHA/tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Under conditions where MAPKs were activated, BHA or GTP also activated ARE/EpRE (antioxidant/electrophile response element), with the induction of Phase II genes such as NQO. Transfection studies with various cDNAs encoding wild-type or dominant-negative mutants of MAPKs and/or transcription factor Nrf2, substantially modulated ARE-mediated luciferase reporter activity in the presence or absence of phenolic compounds. Other phytochemicals including PEITC, and sulforaphane, also differentially regulated the activities of MAPKs, Nrf2, and ARE-mediated luciferase reporter gene activity and Phase II enzyme induction. A model is proposed where these xenobiotics (BHA, tBHQ, GTP, EGCG, PEITC, sulforaphane) activate the MAPK pathway via an electrophilic-mediated stress response, leading to the transcription activation of Nrf2/Maf heterodimers on ARE/EpRE enhancers, with the subsequent induction of cellular defense/detoxifying genes including Phase II DMEs, which may protect the cells against toxic environmental insults and thereby enhance cell survival. The studies of these signaling pathways may yield insights into the fate of cells upon exposure to xenobiotics.
The Frost Tolerance of Tobacco Plants Transformed With the Gene Encoding the Antifreeze Protein From Winter Flounder. (1991)

The winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, can survive in sea water at temperatures below freezing by producing antifreeze-proteins (AFPs) which depress the freezing point of their cellular fluids. The antifreeze gene (IIA7 cDNA) encodes a 91 amino acid preproprotein which is processed to a mature protein of 53 amino acids. This gene encoding only the mature antifreeze-protein, including a start methionine, was cloned into a plasmid which allowed enhanced expression from a double CaMV 35S promoter. The AFP gene construct was subcloned into both the intermediate vector pMON200 and the binary vector pBI121. After triparental mating and infection of tobacco leaf discs with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing either pBI121AF or pMON200AF, transgenic plantlets were obtained which were kanamycin resistant and GUS positive. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of single-copy gene integration. The transcription levels of the antifreeze gene were significantly higher than those of a single CaMV 35S promoter and a Western blot confirmed the synthesis of the immunoreactive 5.5 kd antifreeze-protein in the transgenic tobacco tissues. Several individual plant seedlings which were kanamycin resistant were selected and tested for frost tolerance. At least 30% more transgenic plants survived than the control plants. These results confirmed the ability of this fish protein to confer increased frost-tolerance to plants.
Mast cell tryptase stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen in human lung fibroblasts. (1997)

Mast cell activation is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation, a condition that may lead to fibrosis as a result of increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. We have investigated the potential of tryptase, the major protease of human mast cells, to stimulate collagen synthesis in the human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. Tryptase was isolated from human lung tissue by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. At concentrations of 18 and 36 mU/ml, tryptase stimulated both an increase in cell numbers, and a fivefold increase in DNA synthesis as determined by methyl-[3H]thymidine incorporation. Similar concentrations of tryptase resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in collagen synthesis as determined both by incorporation of [3H]proline into collagen, and by assay of hydroxyproline concentrations in the supernatants. There was also a twofold increase in collagenolytic activity in the culture medium after tryptase treatment, indicating that the increase in collagen synthesis was not a consequence of decreased collagenase production. All of these actions of tryptase were reduced in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and benzamidine hydrochloride, indicating a requirement for an active catalytic site. SDS-PAGE and autoradiographic analysis of the [3H]collagen produced by the cells revealed it to be predominantly type I collagen. Our findings suggest that the release of tryptase from activated mast cells may provide a signal for abnormal fibrosis in inflammatory disease.
Fabrication and characterization of cross-linkable hydrogel particles based on hyaluronic acid: potential application in vocal fold regeneration (2008)

There is a critical need to engineer hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with prolonged in vivo residence time, temporal release of therapeutics and matching viscoelasticity for use in vocal fold tissue engineering. We have previously demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of HA-based soft hydrogel particles (HGP) and particle cross-linked networks as injectable materials to treat vocal fold scarring. In this paper, we report a more versatile technique for preparing cross-linkable HA HGP with reduced sizes. HA HGP were synthesized via chemical cross-linking with divinyl sulfone using a sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reverse micelle system in the presence of 1-heptanol. These HGP were rendered cross-linkable by introducing aldehyde groups via sodium periodate oxidation (oxHGP). The presence of aldehyde groups was confirmed by multi-photon confocal microscope upon fluorescence staining using cascade blue hydrazide. The aldehyde groups were used as reactive handles for covalent cross-linking with HA that has been previously modified with adipic acid dihydrazide (HADH). The resulting doubly cross-linked networks (DXN) are highly pliable and do not break until approx. 200-300% strain. The measured elastic modulus of the DXN is around 500 Pa, while the dynamic viscosity decreases linearly with frequency in log- log scale. The mechanical characteristics of DXN are similar to that of vocal fold lamina propria. In vitro cell-proliferation assays showed that the cross-linkable HA HGP did not adversely affect the proliferation of the cultured fibroblasts as assessed by MTT assay. A low-molecular-weight model drug, rhodamine 6G (R6G), was loaded into oxHGP, and its release was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. R6G-loaded oxHGP maintained their ability to form DXN when mixed with the HAADH solution. Approximately 84% of entrapped R6G was liberated from oxHGP at a rate of 0.24%/min in the first 6 h. When encapsulated in the DXN, R6G was released at a steady rate of 0.03%/min for over 3 days. These novel hydrogels are promising implant materials for vocal fold tissue regeneration.