gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T Cell-Derived IL-10 Promotes Lung Cancer Growth by Suppressing Both T Cell and APC Function (1999)

We have found previously that human lung cancers potently induce T lymphocyte IL-10 production in vitro. To assess the impact of enhanced T cell-derived IL-10 on antitumor immunity in vivo, we utilized transgenic mice expressing IL-10 under the control of the IL-2 promoter. We have shown previously that Lewis lung carcinoma cells (3LL) have more aggressive growth potential in IL-10 transgenic mice compared with control littermates. In this study, we show that transfer of T cells from IL-10 transgenic mice to control littermates transferred the IL-10 immunosuppressive effect and led to enhanced 3LL tumor growth. In addition to changes in T cell-mediated immunity, professional APC from IL-10 transgenic mice were found to have significantly suppressed capacity to induce MHC alloreactivity, CTL responses, and IL-12 production. Tumor Ag-pulsed dendritic cells from IL-10 transgenic mice also failed to generate antitumor reactivity. These results suggest that increased levels of T cell-derived IL-10 severely impair antitumor immunity in vivo, due to defects in both T cell and APC function.
Device choice and experience level in endoscopic foreign object retrieval: An in vivo study (1997)

The Roth net is the best device for retrieving smooth objects such as the button disc battery. For sharp objects, such as the tack and toothpick, best results were achieved with the snare, although the forceps were also effective. More experienced endoscopists had higher success rates and faster retrieval times. Both device choice and the experience level of the endoscopists have an impact on successful foreign object retrieval.
Subsurface Probing in Diffusely Scattering Media Using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (2005)

We describe a simple methodology for the effective retrieval of Raman spectra of subsurface layers in diffusely scattering media. The technique is based on the collection of Raman scattered light from surface regions that are laterally offset away from the excitation laser spot on the sample. The Raman spectra obtained in this way exhibit a variation in relative spectral intensities of the surface and subsurface layers of the sample being investigated. The data set is processed using a multivariate data analysis to yield pure Raman spectra of the individual sample layers, providing a method for the effective elimination of surface Raman scatter. The methodology is applicable to the retrieval of pure Raman spectra from depths well in excess of those accessible with conventional confocal microscopy. In this first feasibility study we have differentiated between surface and subsurface Raman signals within a diffusely scattering sample composed of two layers: trans-stilbene powder beneath a 1 mm thick over-layer of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) powder. The improvement in contrast of the subsurface trans-stilbene layer without numerical processing was 19 times. The potential applications include biomedical subsurface probing of specific tissues through different overlying tissues such as assessment of bone quality through skin, providing an effective noninvasive means of screening for bone degeneration, other skeletal disease diagnosis, and dermatology studies, as well as materials and catalyst research.
Non-Peptide Vasopressin V1b Receptor Antagonists as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Stress-Related Disorders (2005)

Since vasopressin has been shown to be critical for adaptation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during stress through its ability to potentiate the stimulatory effect of CRF, it has been hypothesized that this peptide may provide a good opportunity for pharmacological treatment of stress-related disorders. The availability of the first orally active non-peptide V(1b) receptor antagonist, SSR149415, opened a new era for examining the role of vasopressin in animal models of anxiety and depression. In rats, SSR149415 blocked several endocrine (i.e. ACTH release), neurochemical (i.e. noradrenaline release) and autonomic (i.e. hyperthermia) responses following various stress exposures. Moreover, the drug was able to attenuate some but not all stress-related behaviors in rodents. While the antidepressant-like activity of the compound was comparable to that of reference antidepressants, the overall profile displayed in anxiety tests was different from that of classical anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines. These latter were highly effective and reliably produced robust effects in most anxiety tests, while SSR149415 showed clear-cut effects only in particularly stressful situations. Experiments with mice or hamsters indicated that V(1b) receptor blockade is associated with reduced aggressiveness, suggesting that SSR149415 could prove useful for treating aggressive behavior. It is important to note that SSR149415 is devoid of adverse effects on motor functions or cognitive processes, and it did not produce tolerance to its anxiolytic- or antidepressant-like activity. Altogether, these findings suggest that V(1b) receptor antagonists represent a promising alternative to agents currently used for the treatment of depression and some forms of anxiety disorders.
Multi-Reward Reinforced Summarization with Saliency and Entailment (2018)

Ramakanth Pasunuru, Mohit Bansal. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α regulates induction of brain cyclooxygenase-2 in a mouse model of inflammation (2005)

The products of arachidonic acid metabolism are key mediators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system, and yet we do not know the mechanisms of their regulation. The phospholipase A(2) enzymes are sources of cellular arachidonic acid, and the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are essential for the synthesis of inflammatory PGE(2) in the brain. These studies seek to determine the function of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha) in inflammatory PGE(2) production in the brain. We wondered whether cPLA(2)alpha functions in inflammation to produce arachidonic acid or to modulate levels of COX-2 or mPGES-1. We investigated these questions in the brains of wild-type mice and mice deficient in cPLA(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha(-/-)) after systemic administration of LPS. cPLA(2)alpha(-/-) mice had significantly less brain COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in response to LPS than wild-type mice. The reduction in COX-2 was most apparent in the cells of the cerebral blood vessels and the leptomeninges. The brain PGE(2) concentration of untreated cPLA(2)alpha(-/-) mice was equal to their wild-type littermates. After LPS treatment, however, the brain concentration of PGE(2) was significantly less in cPLA(2)alpha(-/-) than in cPLA(2)alpha(+/+) mice (24.4 +/- 3.8 vs. 49.3 +/- 11.6 ng/g). In contrast to COX-2, mPGES-1 RNA levels increased equally in both mouse genotypes, and mPGES-1 protein was unaltered 6 h after LPS. We conclude that cPLA(2)alpha regulates COX-2 levels and modulates inflammatory PGE(2) levels. These results indicate that cPLA(2)alpha inhibition is a novel anti-inflammatory strategy that modulates, but does not completely prevent, eicosanoid responses.
Efficient auto-focus algorithm utilizing discrete difference equation prediction model for digital still cameras (2006)

Most digital still cameras employ the passive auto-focus scheme to achieve these goals. Measuring the sharpness of an image using passive auto-focus is time-consuming, particularly for digital still cameras with mega-pixels resolutions. However, the auto-focus search algorithm for digital still cameras needs to be fast and real-time. This study presents an efficient real-lime auto-focus (AF) algorithm combining the discrete difference equation prediction model (DDEPM) and bisection search method for digital still cameras. The proposed auto-focus algorithm uses both the coarse search procedure with DDEPM and the fine search procedure with bisection search method to perform the auto-focus process for digital still cameras. The coarse search procedure utilizes the precise forecasting ability of the DDEPM model to determine the turning points of the focus value curve, thus skipping some unnecessary detection points on the focus value curve. This procedure can be used to move the lens quickly to the neighborhood region of the best-focused lens position during AF processes. After the coarse search is finished, the fine search procedure is used to find the best-focused lens position according to the coarse search result. The proposed scheme increases the auto-focus speed since it reduces the number of detection points required for the focus value curve when searching the neighboring region of the best-focused lens position, and also reduces the lens backlash times. The proposed algorithm is implemented herein on an HP digital camera including control software. The experimental results indicate that the proposed AF algorithm is very reliable and requires few focusing iterations
Biology of the relaxin-like factor (RLF) (1997)

The relaxin-like factor (RLF) is a novel member of the insulin-IGF-relaxin family of hormones and growth factors. Also known as the Leydig cell insulin-like factor (Ley-I-L), this peptide and the mRNA encoding it appear to be expressed in very large quantities in the Leydig cells of the testis. However, it is also produced in the ovary of a number of species in both follicular theca cells and in the corpus luteum of the cycle and pregnancy. RLF gene transcripts have been identified at a much lower level of expression throughout the bovine female reproductive tract and also in the hypothalamus. Although data are limited, it would appear that RLF represents a new differentiation-related factor with specific functions linked to reproductive physiology in male and female mammals.
Heterogeneity of Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase (1970)

1 Twelve enzymatically active fractions of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase are demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis and chromatography on CM- and DEAE-cellulose. A method for the isolation and purification of seven of these multiple molecular forms is described. Their subunit composition is discussed. 2 The isoelectric point was determined for five of the enzymes by the method of isoelectric focusing. 3 Catalytic properties of isoenzyme III (subunit composition AA) are compared with those of isoenzyme V (BB) and enzyme IIc (AA′). Differences are observed with regard to the oxidation of alcohols, the reduction of aldehydes and the pH rate profiles.
The biochemical status of the DNA synthesome can distinguish between permanent and temporary cell growth arrest. (1997)

We previously identified and characterized the human leukemia (HL-60) cell DNA synthetic machinery as a multiprotein form of DNA polymerase, which was designated the DNA synthesome. This multiprotein replication complex contains DNA polymerases alpha and delta, primase, replication factor C, replication protein A, helicase, poly(ADPribose) polymerase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, DNA ligase I, and topoisomerases I and II. Recently, the HeLa cell-derived DNA synthesome was identified as a discrete high molecular weight protein band in native polyacrylamide gels. Here, we report our findings regarding the change in the organizational status of the DNA synthesome when HL-60 cells undergo either terminal differentiation or temporary G1 growth arrest. We observed that the HL-60 cell DNA synthesome also migrates as a discrete high molecular weight protein band in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. This high molecular weight protein band was present in nuclei derived from both actively cycling cells and aphidicolin-arrested cells but was absent in TPA-induced terminally differentiated cells. We also found that DNA polymerase delta, replication factor C, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are absent in cells that are induced to differentiate in response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate treatment but are present in actively cycling cells. The level of replication protein A in differentiated cells was similar to that of cycling cells, whereas the level of annexin I, a cytoskeleton protein, is higher in differentiated cells than it is in actively cycling cells. We conclude that the DNA synthesome remains integrated and inactive in temporarily growth-arrested cells but is disassembled in differentiated cells. Furthermore, we conclude that disassembly of the organized replication complex is a specific cellular event in the process of permanent cell cycle exit and that the process leading to disassembly may be regulated, in part, at the level of gene transcription.
Correlation of Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation With Cardiovascular and Bleeding Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2010)

Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) has been a drug development target in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for almost 2 decades. The relationship between IPA and cardiovascular (CV) events has not been quantified. Cardiovascular (non fatal myocardial infarction, death) and major bleeding events were extracted from phase 2 or 3 randomized, double-blind trials that evaluated oral and intravenous glycoprotein 2b/3a (GP2b/3a) antagonists and thienopyridines. IPA was extracted from different sources that studied a similar regimen in a similar population. Events were correlated to IPA using a linear relative-risk mixed-effects model. Covariates included type of drug, mean age, gender percentage, and ADP. Clinical trial simulations were conducted to evaluate the relationship between IPA and the likelihood of observing a CV event in a 6-month end point trial. Data from 81918 subjects in 20 studies were extracted from the literature. To achieve a 20% relative reduction in CV events would require a further 77% (56%-100%) absolute increase in IPA for IV GP2b/3a antagonists or a further 27%(20%-41%) absolute increase for thienopyridines. CV risk reduction was less in studies with older subjects and greater in studies with greater percentages of male subjects. Assuming a 3% major bleeding rate in the control group, these drugs had a 1% increase in absolute risk as absolute platelet inhibition increases by 60% (range, 40%-80%). This relationship in intrinsic bleeding may be different in different population subtypes. Assuming a 12% event rate, a 6-month active-controlled thienopyridine trial with 3000 subjects could detect a relationship between CV events and IPA with 80% likelihood. Target IPA increases in ACS are an absolute increase of 80% for IV GP2b/3a antagonists and 30% for thienopyridines. Quantitative models using literature data on IPA and CV events can be used to select dose regimens in early stages of drug development.
Lemon picking with a grape harvester (1976)

From 40 to 90 percent of the mature lemon fruit on young close-set or trellis-grown trees have been removed mechanically by a grape harvester in 3 years of field trials in Ventura County. Abscission chemicals to loosen the fruit and growth inhibitors to retard the tree foliage proved helpful.
Expression Profiling of Exosomal miRNAs Derived from Human Esophageal Cancer Cells by Solexa High-Throughput Sequencing (2014)

Cellular genetic materials, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs and proteins, are packaged inside exosomes, small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are released into the extracellular environment. These cellular genetic materials can be delivered into recipient cells, where they exert their respective biological effects. However, the miRNA profiles and biological functions of exosomes secreted by cancer cells remain unknown. The present study explored the miRNA expression profile and distribution characteristics of exosomes derived from human esophageal cancer cells through Solexa high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that 56,421 (2.94%) unique sequences in cells and 7727 (0.63%) in exosomes matched known miRNAs. A total of 342 and 48 known miRNAs were identified in cells and exosomes, respectively. Moreover, 64 and 32 novel miRNAs were predicted in cells and exosomes, respectively. Significant differences in miRNA expression profiles were found between human esophageal cancer cells and exosomes. These findings provided new insights into the characteristics of miRNAs in exosomes derived from human esophageal cancer cells and the specific roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication mediated by exosomes in esophageal cancer.
[Computer-assisted determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Solupront after intrauterine administration in cattle]. (1991)

The drug "Solupront" a sulfonamide was clinical tested in healthy heifers and cows with endometritis, retentio secundinarum etc. The test-results were evaluated with the computer-program "Phakimo". The pharmacokinetic parameters show that there are similar relationships between the extravasal and the intravasal application of this osmochemotherapeutic. A retard of absorption is shown in dioestrus and in prooestrus. If there are pathological signs in uterus, the rate of absorption of the drug is higher and the excretion via urine is more quickly, too. The effect of the sulfonamide in the drug "Solupront" is impaired after application in the uterus in order of the quick absorption, of distribution and excretion and also in order of dilution by lochia and by interaction with p-aminobenzoic acid.
Activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation of human factor VIII and factor VIIIa. Identification of cleavage sites and correlation of proteolysis with cofactor activity. (1991)

Human factor VIII and factor VIIIa were proteolytically inactivated by activated protein C. Cleavages occurred within the heavy chain (contiguous A1-A2-B domains) of factor VIII and in the heavy chain-derived A1 and A2 subunits of factor VIIIa, whereas no proteolysis was observed in the light chain or light chain-derived A3-C1-C2 subunit. Reactivity to an anti-A2 domain monoclonal antibody and NH2-terminal sequence analysis of three terminal digest fragments from factor VIII allowed ordering of fragments and identification of cleavage sites. Fragment A1 was derived from the NH2 terminus and resulted from cleavage at Arg336-Met337. The A2 domain was bisected following cleavage at Arg562-Gly563 and yielded fragments designated A2N and A2C. A third cleavage site is proposed at the A2-B junction (Arg740-Ser741) since fragment A2C was of equivalent size when derived either from factor VIII or factor VIIIa. The site at Arg562 was preferentially cleaved first in factor VIII(alpha) compared with the site at Arg336, and it was this initial cleavage that most closely correlated with the loss of cofactor activity. Factor VIIIa was inactivated 5-fold faster than factor VIII, possibly as a result of increased protease utilization of the site at Arg562 when the A2 subunit is not contiguous with the A1 domain. When initial cleavage occurred at Arg336, it appeared to preclude subsequent cleavage at Arg562, possibly by promoting dissociation of the A2 domain (subunit) from the A1/light chain dimer. This conclusion was supported by the failure of protease treated A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer to bind A2 subunit and gel filtration analysis that showed dissociation of the A2 domain-derived fragments, A2N and A2C, from the A1 fragment/light chain dimer. These results suggest a mechanism for activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation of factor VIII(alpha) involving both covalent alteration and fragment dissociation.
A Boost for HIV Vaccine Design (2010)

Antibodies that potently neutralize almost all HIV isolates could aid the rational design of a vaccine.
Face-based visually-optimized image sequence coding (2002)

We have developed a coding technique which exploits characteristics of the human visual system to allocate more bits to the region in which a viewer is most likely, and assumed, to be looking. We focus on applications, such as video phone and video teleconferencing, in which the regions of interest are those containing human faces. Our approach encodes the video frames more efficiently than uniform quantization and can be used to significantly reduce the encoding bit rate or to improve the perceived image quality for a given bit budget. The method consists of the following: face detection and tracking, local visual-sensitivity determination, and quantizer control.
Analysis of Human KS Biopsies and Cloned Cell Lines for Cytomegalovims, HIV-1, and Other Selected DNA Virus Sequences (1989)

Investigation into a possible role of several human viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has resulted in the lack of an association of these viruses in KS biopsy and cloned KS cell line specimens. Since nearly all patients with KS, including those with HIV-associated KS, have a high incidence of HCMV infection, HCMV has been proposed to be etiologically associated with KS. Moreover, our previous studies showed the retention of HCMV morphological transforming region II (mtrII) in both transformed and tumor-derived cell lines. As a result, we focused on the nucleic acid hybridization analysis of both KS biopsies from AIDS patients as well as cloned KS endothelial cell lines for HCMV mtrII sequences. We also analyzed KS biopsy and KS cloned cell line specimens for HIV-1, HBV, HHV6, and EBV sequences, since these viruses have also been implicated in the etiology of KS. In one set of experiments, Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of HCMV mtrII sequences in two of six KS biopsies; in other experiments, HBV sequences were found in one of seven KS biopsies. No hybridization in any biopsy tissue was detected for HIV-1 DNA sequences. The analysis of six independently derived cloned KS cell lines was next studied. All these lines were negative for hybridization to the HCMV mtrII transforming fragment as well as to subgenomic fragments of HHV6 and EBV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rapid automated molecular replacement by evolutionary search (1999)

A new procedure for molecular replacement is presented in which an efficient six-dimensional search is carried out using an evolutionary optimization algorithm. In this procedure, a population of initially random molecular-replacement solutions is iteratively optimized with respect to the correlation coefficient between observed and calculated structure factors. The sensitivity and reliability of the method is enhanced by uniform sampling of the rotational-search space and the use of continuously variable rotational and translational parameters. The process is several orders of magnitude faster than a systematic six-dimensional search, and comparisons show that it can identify solutions using significantly less accurate or less complete search models than is possible with two existing molecular-replacement methods. A program incorporating the method, EPMR, allows the rapid and highly automated solution of molecular-replacement problems involving single or multiple molecules in the asymmetric unit. EPMR has been used to solve a number of difficult molecular-replacement problems.