gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilectin Affinity Chromatography for Characterization of Multiple Glycoprotein Biomarker Candidates in Serum from Breast Cancer Patients (2006)

M-LAC for isolation of the serum glycoproteome, coupled with liquid chromatography-MS/MS and the use of gene ontology associations, can be used to characterize large panels of candidate markers, which can then be evaluated in a particular patient population.
Vascular Targeting as a Strategy for Cancer Therapy (1998)

New molecular techniques have yielded a battery of potential therapies for many diseases, but the clinical fruits of these methods have not been abundant, in part because in vitro models used for screening often do not duplicate in vivo conditions. For example, in vivo the microvascular wall prevents many intravenous agents with in vitro activity from reaching target cells in the tissue. Moreover, the magic bullet of cancer immunotherapy — antibodies conjugated to a drug or toxin — do not consistently hit their mark, because the bull's-eye on the other side of the vascular endothelium remains largely inaccessible to the . . .
High-Performance Fibers from Spider Silk (2002)

Transgenic goats to spin webs! The silk of spider nets (see picture) possesses unique mechanical properties. By using suitable microbiological methods, a structurally similar fiber protein has recently been prepared that, after spinning, exhibits comparable strength and elasticity to natural spider silk. The American firm Nexia Biotechnology plans to use transgenic goats to express this silk protein in their milk.
Multiple positive results during a neonatal screening program: a retrospective analysis of incidence, clinical implications and outcomes (2005)

Multiple positive results are a rare observation at neonatal screening for PKU, CH and CAH, more frequently observed in preterm babies. However, multiple positive results must not be overlooked because of true positive results at recall.
Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent-wave spectroscopy (2002)

The use of integrated optical microcavities (MCs) for enhanced optical spectroscopy and sensing is investigated. The MC sustains high- Q whispering-gallery modes, in which the energy of the optical field can be efficiently stored. The resulting enhanced field can be used to probe fluorescent molecules in the cladding of the MC. Enhanced fluorescence excitation with an integrated optical MC is demonstrated experimentally for what is believed to be the first time. A comparison between a MC and a straight waveguide shows that the MC may give an increase of 40 times in fluorescence excitation. Because of the ultrasmall size of the MC (15 microm in radius), the fluorescence signal may be observed from only 20 molecules in the cladding.
Fluoroalkylated discotic liquid crystals (1995)

Abstract The concept of mesophase stabilization by partial fluorination of side chains has been extended to discotic systems. The mesophase structure is essentially unchanged, whereas the temperature range of the mesophase is strongly affected by the fluorinated side chains. Triphenylene substituted with only one partially fluorinated side chain exhibits a decrease of the clearing temperature, whereas for symmetrically substituted systems a broad range mesophase has been observed. This behaviour can be attributed to a segregation of the incompatible parts of the molecule giving rise to a stabilized columnar structure for the symmetrical substitution pattern.
Design of compact multilevel folded-line RF couplers (1999)

A new design methodology for compact multilevel multiconductor folded-line couplers is presented in this paper. The approach is based on a general network representation of folded-line structures as interconnected coupled lines in a multilayered environment. Simple design equations are presented for compact directional couplers using two-level C-sections, and branch-line hybrids with single and cascaded C-sections. The new folded-line couplers exhibit a significant reduction in foot print compared to the conventional designs. The directional and hybrid folded-line coupler designs are validated by full-wave electromagnetic simulation. Also, a 3-dB branch-line hybrid using three folded-line sections is fabricated. The measured response is found to be in good agreement with the proposed theory.
Synthesis of (2S,4S)- and (2S,4R)-4-Substituted Glutamic Acid Analogues for Neuroexcitatory Activity Studies (1990)

The stereospecific syntheses of various length of 4(R)- and 4(S)-substituted 2(S)-glutamic acid were described
Potent and Selective α-Ketoheterocycle-Based Inhibitors of the Anandamide and Oleamide Catabolizing Enzyme, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (2007)

A study of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 2f (OL-135), a potent inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is detailed, targeting the 5-position of the oxazole. Examination of a series of substituted benzene derivatives (12-14) revealed that the optimal position for substitution was the meta-position with selected members approaching or exceeding the potency of 2f. Concurrent with these studies, the effect of substitution on the pyridine ring of 2f was also examined. A series of small, nonaromatic C5-substituents was also explored and revealed that the K(i) follows a well-defined correlation with the Hammett sigma(p) constant (rho = 3.01, R2 = 0.91) in which electron-withdrawing substituents enhance potency, leading to inhibitors with K(i)s as low as 400 pM (20n). Proteomic-wide screening of the inhibitors revealed that most are exquisitely selective for FAAH over all other mammalian proteases, reversing the 100-fold preference of 20a (C5 substituent = H) for the enzyme TGH.
Self-assembling peptide hydrogel fosters chondrocyte extracellular matrix production and cell division: Implications for cartilage tissue repair (2002)

Emerging medical technologies for effective and lasting repair of articular cartilage include delivery of cells or cell-seeded scaffolds to a defect site to initiate de novo tissue regeneration. Biocompatible scaffolds assist in providing a template for cell distribution and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in a three-dimensional geometry. A major challenge in choosing an appropriate scaffold for cartilage repair is the identification of a material that can simultaneously stimulate high rates of cell division and high rates of cell synthesis of phenotypically specific ECM macromolecules until repair evolves into steady-state tissue maintenance. We have devised a self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffold for cartilage repair and developed a method to encapsulate chondrocytes within the peptide hydrogel. During 4 weeks of culture in vitro, chondrocytes seeded within the peptide hydrogel retained their morphology and developed a cartilage-like ECM rich in proteoglycans and type II collagen, indicative of a stable chondrocyte phenotype. Time-dependent accumulation of this ECM was paralleled by increases in material stiffness, indicative of deposition of mechanically functional neo-tissue. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of a self-assembling peptide hydrogel as a scaffold for the synthesis and accumulation of a true cartilage-like ECM within a three-dimensional cell culture for cartilage tissue repair.
Videoendoscopic distortion correction and its application to virtual guidance of endoscopy (2001)

Modern video-based endoscopes offer physicians a wide-angle field of view (FOV) for minimally invasive procedures. Unfortunately, inherent barrel distortion prevents accurate perception of range. This makes measurement and distance judgment difficult and causes difficulties in emerging applications, such as virtual guidance of endoscopic procedures. Such distortion also arises in other wide FOV camera circumstances. This paper presents a distortion-correction technique that can automatically calculate correction parameters, without precise knowledge of horizontal and vertical orientation. The method is applicable to any camera-distortion correction situation. Based on a least-squares estimation, our proposed algorithm considers line fits in both FOV directions and gives a globally consistent set of expansion coefficients and an optimal image center. The method is insensitive to the initial orientation of the endoscope and provides more exhaustive FOV correction than previously proposed algorithms. The distortion-correction procedure is demonstrated for endoscopic video images of a calibration test pattern, a rubber bronchial training device, and real human circumstances. The distortion correction is also shown as a necessary component of an image-guided virtual-endoscopy system that matches endoscope images to corresponding rendered three-dimensional computed tomography views.
Reinforcing polymer cross-linked aerogels with carbon nanofibers (2008)

We have previously reported cross-linking the mesoporous silica structure of aerogels with di-isocyanates, styrenes or epoxies reacted with amine decorated silica surfaces. These approaches have been shown to significantly increase the strength of aerogels with only a small effect on density or porosity. Herein, we examine the effect of including up to 5% (w/w) carbon nanofibers in the silica backbone before cross-linking. The addition of 5% carbon nanofibers to the lowest density aerogels studied triples the compressive modulus and the tensile stress at break is increased five-fold with no density penalty. The carbon fiber also improves the strength of the initial hydrogels before cross-linking, which may have implications in manufacturing.
Surgical options for drug-refractory overactive bladder patients. (2010)

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom complex of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and nocturia, with or without urgency incontinence. This syndrome is idiopathic in most instances without clearly defined pathophysiology. Studies clearly show that OAB negatively impacts health-related quality of life and impairs daily functioning in a large proportion of patients. Despite recent advances in drug delivery and improved tolerability of antimuscarinic drug class, a large percentage of patients remain refractory to conventional pharmacological therapy for this chronic condition. There are several unique and effective treatments that are available for this difficult population. We review the various surgical options within the urological armamentarium to treat patients with refractory OAB.
Triple transcriptional control of the resuscitation promoting factor 2 (rpf2) gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum by the regulators of acetate metabolism RamA and RamB and the cAMP-dependent regulator GlxR (2008)

The transcriptional regulators RamA, RamB and GlxR were detected to bind to the promoter region of the resuscitation promoting factor 2 (rpf2) gene involved in growth and culturability of Corynebacterium glutamicum. DNA-binding sites were identified by bioinformatic analysis and verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assays with purified hexahistidyl-tagged proteins. Carbon source-dependent deregulation of rpf2 expression was demonstrated in vivo in ramA and ramB mutants and in a C. glutamicum strain overexpressing glxR. The deduced network of regulatory interactions provided insights into the complex regulation pattern of rpf2 expression in C. glutamicum.
Dynamic branch prediction with perceptrons (2002)

This paper presents a new method for branch prediction. The key idea is to use one of the simplest possible neural networks, the perceptron, as an alternative to the commonly used two-bit counters. Our predictor achieves increased accuracy by making use of long branch histories, which are possible becasue the hardware resources for our method scale linearly with the history length. By contrast, other purely dynamic schemes require exponential resources. We describe our design and evaluate it with respect to two well known predictors. We show that for a 4K byte hardware budget our method improves misprediction rates for the SPEC 2000 benchmarks by 10.1% over the gshare predictor. Our experiments also provide a better understanding of the situations in which traditional predictors do and do not perform well. Finally, we describe techniques that allow our complex predictor to operate in one cycle.
Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene: Prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuits (2008)

The authors reported on investigation of the thermal conductivity of graphene suspended across trenches in Si∕SiO2 wafer. The measurements were performed using a noncontact technique based on micro-Raman spectroscopy. The amount of power dissipated in graphene and corresponding temperature rise were determined from the spectral position and integrated intensity of graphene’s G mode. The extremely high thermal conductivity in the range of ∼3080–5150W∕mK and phonon mean free path of ∼775nm near room temperature were extracted for a set of graphene flakes. The obtained results suggest graphene’s applications as thermal management material in future nanoelectronic circuits.
Arginine vasopressin as a rescue vasopressor agent in the operating room (2005)

Whereas arginine vasopressin in combination with epinephrine can significantly increase hospital discharge in cardiac arrest, arginine vasopressin combined with catecholamines improved haemodynamics in vasodilatory and haemorrhagic shock, but effects on outcome remain unknown. Nonetheless, in the perioperative setting, arginine vasopressin may already be considered as a potent adjunct vasopressor agent in advanced shock states unresponsive to conventional therapy.
Four-wave mixing instabilities in photonic-crystal and tapered fibers (2003)

Four-wave mixing instabilities are theoretically studied for continuous wave propagation in ultrasmall core photonic-crystal and tapered fibers. The waveguide, or geometrical, contribution to the overall dispersion of these structures is much stronger than in conventional fibers. This leads to the appearance of unstable frequency bands that are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those seen in conventional fibers. The four-wave mixing theory developed here is based on the full wave equation, which allows rigorous study of the unstable bands even when the detunings are of the order of the pump frequency itself. Solutions obtained using the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is an approximate version of the full wave equation, reveal that it suffers from several deficiencies when used to describe four-wave mixing processes.
A Novel Biosurfactant Produced by Aureobasidium pullulans L3-GPY from a Tiger Lily Wild Flower, Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2015)

Yeast biosurfactants are important biotechnological products in the food industry, and they have medical and cosmeceutical applications owing to their specific modes of action, low toxicity, and applicability. Thus, we have isolated and examined biosurfactant-producing yeast for various industrial and medical applications. A rapid and simple method was developed to screen biosurfactant-producing yeasts for high production of eco-friendly biosurfactants. Using this method, several potential niches of biosurfactant-producing yeasts, such as wild flowers, were investigated. We successfully selected a yeast strain, L3-GPY, with potent surfactant activity from a tiger lily, Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Here, we report the first identification of strain L3-GPY as the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans. In addition, we isolated a new low-surface-tension chemical, designated glycerol-liamocin, from the culture supernatant of strain L3-GPY through consecutive chromatography steps, involving an ODS column, solvent partition, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and an ODS Sep-Pak cartridge column. The chemical structure of glycerol-liamocin, determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicates that it is a novel compound with the molecular formula C33H62O12. Furthermore, glycerol-liamocin exhibited potent biosurfactant activity (31 mN/m). These results suggest that glycerol-liamocin is a potential novel biosurfactantfor use in various industrial applications.
Lower Airway Inflammation in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis Detected by Newborn Screening (2005)

Controversy exists over whether the lower airway inflammation that characterizes cystic fibrosis (CF) is initiated primarily by the genetic defect. To determine if inflammation precedes infection, we examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology, cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and free neutrophil elastase activity from 70 CF (aged 1.5-71 months) children detected by newborn screening and 19 (aged 2.0-48 months) controls with chronic stridor. CF subjects were selected and categorized as pristine (13 aged </= 6 months, lacking prior respiratory symptoms and exposure to antibiotics, and without respiratory pathogens on BAL), infected (42 with viruses or >/= 10(5) colony-forming units/ml of pathogenic bacteria in BAL), and uninfected (15 aged > 6 months, asymptomatic, not taking antibiotics at bronchoscopy, and free of pathogens in their BAL). To further resolve if inflammation develops without infection, inflammatory mediators in paired annual BAL samples from 38 CF subjects were measured, and results were grouped according to whether BAL showed persistence (n = 6), acquisition (n = 8), clearance (n = 13), or absence (n = 11) of infection. While pristine, uninfected, and control subjects had similar BAL profiles, infected patients showed elevated inflammatory indices, including increased IL-10 (P < 0.001). Pristine subjects had the fewest signs of inflammation. Analysis of BAL pairs found differences between the four infection groups for changes in neutrophil percentages, IL-8 (P < 0.001), and free neutrophil elastase (P = 0.009). Infection was associated with elevated inflammatory mediators in BAL fluid. In contrast, minimal or reduced signs of inflammation accompanied absence of eradication of infection from BAL fluid. We conclude that in CF, infection initiates and sustains airway inflammation.
Sensorless rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet motor from initial states (2003)

This paper describes a torque, speed, or position control method at standstill and low speed in the interior permanent-magnet motor (IPMM) drive system without any rotational transducer. While IPMMs have originally magnetic saliency, it varies according to the load conditions and the control performance can be easily degraded. In this paper, the saliency or impedance difference is used as the conventional methods and, nevertheless, in order to amplify the difference containing the information of the rotor angle and to maintain a reasonable performance under any load condition a high-frequency injection scheme is proposed. A speed and position estimation scheme based on the characteristics of the high-frequency impedance is proposed. The scheme extracts the high-frequency impedance components related to the rotor position. An initial angle estimation scheme for starting from an arbitrary rotor position is also proposed. It can distinguish the north magnetic pole position from the south one in several decade milliseconds. The proposed scheme enables position control of a transducerless or position-sensorless IPMM. The experimental results clarify the satisfactory operation of the proposed position control algorithm under any load condition.
Development of a novel universal immune receptor for antigen targeting (2012)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) possess fixed specificity for a single antigen and require empirical testing in T cells. To address this, we have developed a novel, adaptable immune receptor strategy that allows for the rapid generation and testing of T cells of nearly infinite antigen specificity.
Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol (L2TP) Over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) (2002)

The Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) provides a standard method for transporting the link layer of the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) between a dial-up server and a Network Access Server, using a network connection in lieu of a physical point-to-point connection. This document describes the use of an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network for the underlying network connection. ATM User-Network Interface (UNI) Signaling Specification Version 4.0 or Version 3.1 with ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) are supported as interfaces to the ATM network.
Can Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease be transmitted by transfusion? (1995)

The transmissible agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a dementing neurodegenerative disorder, is present in many tissues of the body, even though its pathologic consequences are confined to the brain. Experimental animal models of the disease have shown that blood (most probably the leukocyte component) can be infectious in both the clinical and preclinical incubation stages of the disease, and there are also a few reported isolations of the agent from whole blood, buffy coats, or serum from humans with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Despite this potential for blood-borne iatrogenic infection, epidemiologic studies do not support the contention that the administration of blood, blood components, or blood derivatives transmits the disease; in particular, not one of nearly 2000 patients who have been studied during the past two decades has been shown to have acquired the disease from a blood donor who later died of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This fact does not diminish our responsibility to preclude such an occurrence from happening in the future, and will require an unremitting effort to screen from the blood donor population all individuals with a higher than average risk of harboring the infectious agent; namely, donors with neurologic disease, a family history of neurologic disease, or a history of events that have been identified as leading to iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, such as neurosurgical procedures involving dura mater homografts or treatment with native pituitary hormones.
Purification, Analysis, and Enzymatic Activity of Recombinant Human Synovial Fluid Phospholipase A2 and N-Terminal Variants (1992)

Recombinant human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (rPLA2) and several variants with N-terminal sequences modified by addition or deletion of one or two amino acid residues (ala or Met; Des-Asn1, Leu2) have been expressed in mammalian cells and in Escherichia coli, respectively, purified to homogeneity, and characterized. The observed values for the molecular mass of rPLA2 and variants are in complete agreement with the predicted values for a correctly folded structure containing seven disulfide bridges. Moreover, the relative proportions of the various types of secondary structures of the variants of rPLA2, as measured by CD spectroscopy, are similar to that found for native porcine pancreatic PLA2, indicating that the recombinant proteins are correctly folded. Enzymatic activities of rPLA2 with modified N-termini decreased to 1.3-0.005% of the activity of the mature rPLA2, emphasizing a key role of the N-terminus for catalytic activity.
Dynamic presentation of document content for rapid on-line skimming (1998)

Present day summarisation technologies are imperfect. At a certain level of abstraction, they all work by performing data reduction over the original document source. In order for such summaries to be useful, it is necessary to be able to know how they relate to the documents. In order for such summaries to be usable, it is necessary for them to function as windows into the whole documents, with suitably designed interfaces for navigation into areas of particular interest. This paper discusses the notion of strong contextualisation of document highlights, how this translates into necessary features for document analysis, and how the document abstractions derived from such principles facilitate dynamic delivery of document content. We argue that dynamic document abstractions effectively mediate different levels of granularity of analysis, from terse document highlights to fully contextualised foci of particular interest. We describe a range of dynamic document viewers which embody novel presentation