gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face Verification Using the LARK Representation (2011)

We present a novel face representation based on locally adaptive regression kernel (LARK) descriptors. Our LARK descriptor measures a self-similarity based on “signal-induced distance” between a center pixel and surrounding pixels in a local neighborhood. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) and a logistic function to LARK consecutively, we develop a new binary-like face representation which achieves state-of-the-art face verification performance on the challenging benchmark “Labeled Faces in the Wild” (LFW) dataset. In the case where training data are available, we employ one-shot similarity (OSS) based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the unsupervised setting and the image restrictive training setting (72.23% and 78.90% verification rates), respectively, as a single descriptor representation, with no preprocessing step. As opposed to combined 30 distances which achieve 85.13%, we achieve comparable performance (85.1%) with only 14 distances while significantly reducing computational complexity.
Depressed Platelet Status in an Elderly Patient With Hemorrhagic Stroke After Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction (1998)

Profound depression of platelet status preceded the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke in an elderly long-term aspirin user treated with thrombolytic therapy. Initial "exhausted" platelets may be responsible for the increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke after coronary thrombolysis.
Beneficial Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Serum Triglyceride Levels in NIDDM (1994)

Ours is the first report of a significant reduction in serum TGs in a group of NIDDM patients treated with chromium. The low cost and excellent safety profile of chromium make it an attractive lipid-lowering agent for this population. Long-term studies are needed to determine if the short-term changes in plasma lipids can be sustained.
Electroantennogram responses of the carrot fly, Psila rosae , to volatile plant components (1980)

ABSTRACT. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female carrot flies, Psila rosae F. (Diptera: Psilidae), were recorded to thirty‐six volatile plant constituents. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained to: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1‐hexanol, trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol and cis‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, their isomers cis‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol and trans‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, the alcohol 1‐heptanol, the ester cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate and the leaf aldehydes hexanal and trans‐2‐hexenal, and (2) from four compounds associated with the umbelliferous host plants of this insect, namely trans‐methyl‐iso‐eugenol, β‐caryophyllene, linalool and trans‐2‐nonenal. Higher responses were elicited by the leaf aldehydes than by the corresponding alcohols. Although the absolute amplitude of the female response was over twice that of the male, there were no differences between the relative responses to the compounds tested in both sexes, with the exception of a much higher response to the leaf aldehydes in the male. The shape of the EAG evoked by the various compounds was consistently different, with the slowest recovery being recorded for trans‐methyl‐iso‐eugenol. While the antennal olfactory receptors of the carrot fly are sensitive to the closely related general green leaf volatiles, they are most specifically tuned to the aldehyde component of this green odour complex. In addition, the ability of this insect to discriminate between different plants may be augmented by the perception of a group of more host specific volatiles. The conformity of the responses of males and females to the compounds tested may indicate that host plant volatiles plays an additional role as an aggregation cue for both sexes.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in the Mushrooms Agaricus brunnescens and Agaricus bitorquis (1987)

Two Agaricus species, A. brunnescens (a commercial mushroom) and A. bitorquis (a wild, edible species), were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. EcoRI-digested nuclear DNA from isolates of both species were cloned in plasmid vector pUC18. Ten random recombinant clones were used in Southern DNA-DNA hybridizations to probe EcoRI-digested DNA from 11 A. brunnescens isolates (7 commercial, 2 wild type, and 2 homokaryotic) and 7 A. bitorquis isolates. Most cloned fragments were polymorphic in both species. There were fewer different genotypes than expected, however, in the sample of commercial A. brunnescens strains. DNA from homokaryotic strains showed fewer bands in most hybridizations than DNA from heterokaryotic strains. All A. bitorquis isolates could be distinguished from each other as well as from every A. brunnescens strain. Putative homokaryons were detected by the loss of polymorphic bands among protoplast regenerates from one commercial strain and two strains collected in the wild.
<title>Field-widened spatial heterodyne spectroscopy: correcting for optical defects and new vacuum ultraviolet performance tests</title> (1994)

We are developing a field-widened Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) for suborbital observations of the hot component of the diffuse interstellar medium. Our goal for these observations is to obtain the first velocity-resolved (20 km/s) line profiles of the CIV 154.8 nm emission line from the Cygnus loop and from one direction at high galactic latitude. Long term, our interest is to develop an SHS instrument for a radial-velocity-resolved sky survey of the 10<SUP>5</SUP> K 'coronal gas' component of the interstellar medium using a small satellite. We describe the basic SHS technique along with vacuum ultraviolet demonstrations using our prototype interferometer. We also describe a new data reduction technique which corrects for instrumental distortions resulting from optical defects.
Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted T cells are required for resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. (1992)

Mice with a targeted disruption in the beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) gene, which lack major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and consequently fail to develop functional CD8 T cells, provided a useful model for assessing the role of class I-restricted T cells in resistance to infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of mutant beta 2m-/-mice infected with virulent 10(6) M. tuberculosis, 70% were dead or moribund after 6 weeks, while all control mice expressing the beta 2m gene remained alive for > 20 weeks. Granuloma formation occurred in mutant and control mice, but far greater numbers of tubercle bacilli were present in the lungs of mutant mice than in controls, and caseating necrosis was seen only in beta 2m-/-lungs. In contrast, no differences were seen in the course of infection of mutant and control mice with an avirulent vaccine strain, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Immunization with BCG vaccine prolonged survival of beta 2m-/-mice after challenge with M. tuberculosis for 4 weeks but did not protect them from death. These data indicate that functional CD8 T cells, and possibly T cells bearing gamma delta antigen receptor, are a necessary component of a protective immune response to M. tuberculosis in mice.
Selective electrochemical reductive acetylation of aromatic nitrosulfones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective electrochemical reductive acetylation of aromatic nitrosulfonesLeRoy H. Klemm and Quentin N. PorterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2184–2186Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diffuse senile plaques occur commonly in the cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease. (1989)

Diffuse senile plaques are characterized by the presence of beta protein (beta P), also called A4 protein, in a dispersed form and the apparent lack of associated dystrophic neurites or reactive glial cells. They are the most common type of senile plaque found in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down's syndrome (DS), and normal aging. Here is reported the frequent presence of diffuse senile plaques in the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex in AD. Typical neuritic plaques were never detected in this location, making the cerebellar molecular cortex a useful site for the study of diffuse plaques because diffuse plaques in the cerebral cortex are intermingled with neuritic plaques. Diffuse cerebellar plaques were detected by modified Bielschowsky silver stain in 47 of 100 cases of clinically and pathologically diagnosed AD and in none of 40 aged demented and nondemented controls. They were immunolabeled by antibodies to purified AD meningeal or cortical beta P, and to a synthetic beta P but not by two antibodies to the carboxyl- and amino-termini of the beta protein precursor (beta PP), which label a subgroup of cerebral cortical plaques. This latter result suggests that the beta P deposited in the cerebellar molecular layer may be derived from a form of the beta PP from which the carboxyl and amino terminal regions of the precursor have already been cleaved. Diffuse cerebellar plaques were not recognized by antibodies to neurofilaments, tau, and PHF, all of which detect dystrophic neurites in cerebral cortical neuritic plaques. Also, no association of reactive astrocytes or microglial cells with diffuse cerebellar plaques was observed. Thus, diffuse cerebellar plaques represent multifocal deposits of noncompacted beta P that cause little or no morphologic reaction in their microenvironment.
Intense oxidative DNA damage promoted by l‐DOPA and its metabolites implications for neurodegenerative disease (1994)

Oxidative DNA damage can cause mutation and cell death. We show that l ‐DOPA, dopamine and 3‐ O ‐methyl‐DOPA cause extensive oxidative DNA damage in the presence of H 2 O 2 and traces of copper ions. 8‐Hydroxyguanine is the major product. Iron ions were much less effective and manganese ions did not catalyse DNA damage. We propose that copper ion release, in the presence of l ‐DOPA and its metabolites, may be an important mechanism of neurotoxicity, e.g. in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Facilitation of Implicit Motor Learning by Weak Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex in the Human (2003)

Transcranially applied weak direct currents are capable of modulating motor cortical excitability in the human. Anodal stimulation enhances excitability, cathodal stimulation diminishes it. Cortical excitability changes accompany motor learning. Here we show that weak direct currents are capable of improving implicit motor learning in the human. During performance of a serial reaction time task, the primary motor cortex, premotor, or prefrontal cortices were stimulated contralaterally to the performing hand. Anodal stimulation of the primary motor cortex resulted in increased performance, whereas stimulation of the remaining cortices had no effect. We conclude that the primary motor cortex is involved in the acquisition and early consolidation phase of implicit motor learning.
Weekly 1-hour infusion of paclitaxel (2000)

Weekly 1-hour paclitaxel has activity in patients with HRPC. The major toxicity is peripheral neuropathy. The minimal myelosuppressive effects make a modified schedule (lower doses on the same schedule or a shorter schedule of the same dose) attractive for future combination chemotherapy trials.
The psychology and biology of emotion (1994)

Preface, Introduction. 1. The Study of Emotions 2. Major Historical Traditions in the Study of Emotions 4. Theories of Emotions 5. The Measurement of Emotions 6. Facial Expressions and Emotions 7. Neurophysiology and Theories of Facial Expressions 8. Emotional Development 9. Emotions and Evolution 10. Emotional Communication in Animals 11. Emotions and the Brain 12. Theories of Brain Function in Emotion 13. Love and Sadness in Everyday Life 14. Understanding Emotional Disorders. Epilogue: The Future of Emotions
ISOPT Clinical Hot Topic Panel Discussion on Ocular Drug Delivery (2019)

Ocular drug delivery offers unique challenges and opportunities in the era of novel therapeutic agents ranging from small molecules to gene therapies. Noninvasive delivery of drugs into the back of the eye or any part of the eye is extremely limited by short precorneal residence time and formidable biological barriers. The eye is a sensitive, sensory organ that requires a high level of material and procedural safety, while achieving therapeutic efficacy. Some recent advances and unmet needs for ocular drug delivery and disposition are discussed in this article. Specifically, nanomedicines, physical and chemical means to enhance delivery, stimuli-responsive delivery systems, the role of vitreal binding on ocular pharmacokinetics, and the influence of aging eye on drug delivery, and the associated unmet needs are highlighted. Additionally, the unmet needs in the medication management for the elderly patients with eye diseases are discussed.
Two-dimensional thermal oxidation of silicon. II. Modeling stress effects in wet oxides (1988)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.ED-34, p.1008-17 (May 1987). The authors propose that the stress from two-dimensional oxide deformation affects the kinetic parameter in the Deal-Grove model (1965). In particular, the viscous stress associated with the nonuniform deformation of the oxide is identified as the fundamental force of retardation. In this model, the stress normal to the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface reduces the surface reaction rate in both convex and concave surfaces, whereas the stress in the bulk of the oxide (compressive for concave and tensile for convex surfaces) is responsible for the thinner oxides on the concave structures. The model is described by a simplified mathematical formulation made possible by the symmetry in cylindrical structures. Comparisons with experimental data, possible applications, and limitations of the model are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Catalytic Upgrading of Bio‐Oils by Ketonization (2009)

Esterrific and ketonderful! Mixtures of acids and esters, produced by esterification reactions with alcohols in bio-oils, can be upgraded to larger ketones by ketonization reactions using a ceria–zirconia catalyst, on which acids adsorb more strongly than esters, leading to the preferential ketonization of acids followed by ketonization of esters at higher conversions.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Gag-Pol Candidate HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Administered by a Needle-Free Device in HIV-1-Seronegative Subjects (2007)

This candidate HIV DNA vaccine was safe and well tolerated. No HIV-specific antibody responses were detected, and only low-magnitude HIV-specific T-cell responses were detected in 8 (53%) of 15 vaccinees. This initial product led to the development of a 4-plasmid multiclade HIV DNA Vaccine Research Center vaccine candidate in which envelope genes expressing Env from clades A, B, and C and a Nef gene from clade B have been added.
Spike-Based Reinforcement Learning in Continuous State and Action Space: When Policy Gradient Methods Fail (2009)

Changes of synaptic connections between neurons are thought to be the physiological basis of learning. These changes can be gated by neuromodulators that encode the presence of reward. We study a family of reward-modulated synaptic learning rules for spiking neurons on a learning task in continuous space inspired by the Morris Water maze. The synaptic update rule modifies the release probability of synaptic transmission and depends on the timing of presynaptic spike arrival, postsynaptic action potentials, as well as the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. The family of learning rules includes an optimal rule derived from policy gradient methods as well as reward modulated Hebbian learning. The synaptic update rule is implemented in a population of spiking neurons using a network architecture that combines feedforward input with lateral connections. Actions are represented by a population of hypothetical action cells with strong mexican-hat connectivity and are read out at theta frequency. We show that in this architecture, a standard policy gradient rule fails to solve the Morris watermaze task, whereas a variant with a Hebbian bias can learn the task within 20 trials, consistent with experiments. This result does not depend on implementation details such as the size of the neuronal populations. Our theoretical approach shows how learning new behaviors can be linked to reward-modulated plasticity at the level of single synapses and makes predictions about the voltage and spike-timing dependence of synaptic plasticity and the influence of neuromodulators such as dopamine. It is an important step towards connecting formal theories of reinforcement learning with neuronal and synaptic properties.
Mechanism of Action of the Antifugal Agent Polyoxin D (1970)

The antibiotic polyoxin D was shown to inhibit the incorporation of (14)C-glucosamine into cell wall chitin in Neurospora crassa at levels which were comparable with those required for inhibition of fungal growth. At the same time, the antibiotic increased the accumulation of a nucleotide, which was identified as uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine, indicating inhibition of chitin synthesis. Chitin synthetase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: chitin N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.16) of N. crassa was found to be strongly inhibited by polyoxin D, as determined by the transfer of (14)C-N-acetylglucosamine from (14)C-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to the particulate fraction. The inhibition was competitive with respect to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and specific for chitin synthetase. The K(i) for polyoxin D in the reaction was 1.40 x 10(-6)m, and the K(m) for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was 1.43 x 10(-3)m. The formation of osmotically sensitive, protoplast-like structures, when the fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus was grown in the presence of polyoxin D, also suggested that the primary site of action of polyoxin D was in the formation of cell wall structures.
Correction: Myofibroblast Differentiation and Enhanced Tgf-B Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease (2013)

Rationale: TGF-b, a mediator of pulmonary fibrosis, is a genetic modifier of CF respiratory deterioration. The mechanistic relationship between TGF-b signaling and CF lung disease has not been determined.
`ZOCman Cometh' or `On the Application of Category of Zone of Confidence in the Australian Hydrographic Service' (2004)

In 1997 Zone o f Confidence (ZOC) was Included in the ENC Product Specification in I HO S-57. ZOC was developed by the I HO Data Quality Working Group as a practical solution for the assessment and display of hydrographic data quality to support safe and efficient navigation. Despite adoption by the IHO, Australia is the only country that employs ZOC in paper charts, and one of the few using ZOC comprehensively in ENC. This paper will: - provide a brief history o f ZOC development - explain the standard - describe AHS implementation - outline issues identified since ZOC were developed.
Mechanism of biological synergy between cellular Src and epidermal growth factor receptor (1999)

Overexpression of both cellular Src (c-Src) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs in many of the same human tumors, suggesting that they may functionally interact and contribute to the progression of cancer. Indeed, in murine fibroblasts, overexpression of c-Src has been shown to potentiate the mitogenic and tumorigenic capacity of the overexpressed EGFR. Potentiation correlated with the ability of c-Src to physically associate with the activated EGFR and the appearance of two unique in vivo phosphorylations on the receptor (Tyr-845 and Tyr-1101). Using stable cell lines of C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts that contain kinase-deficient (K-) c-Src and overexpressed wild-type EGFR, we show that the kinase activity of c-Src is required for both the biological synergy with the receptor and the phosphorylations on the receptor, but not for the association of c-Src with the receptor. In transient transfection assays, not only epidermal growth factor but also serum- and lysophosphatidic acid-induced DNA synthesis was ablated in a dominant-negative fashion by a Y845F mutant of the EGFR, indicating that c-Src-induced phosphorylation of Y845 is critical for the mitogenic response to both the EGFR and a G protein-coupled receptor (lysophosphatidic acid receptor). Unexpectedly, the Y845F mutant EGFR was found to retain its full kinase activity and its ability to activate the adapter protein SHC and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK2 in response to EGF, demonstrating that the mitogenic pathway involving phosphorylation of Y845 is independent of ERK2-activation. The application of these findings to the development of novel therapeutics for human cancers that overexpress c-Src and EGFR is discussed.
A critical assessment of comparative molecular modeling of tertiary structures of proteins* (1995)

In spite of the tremendous increase in the rate at which protein structures are being determined, there is still an enormous gap between the numbers of known DNA-derived sequences and the numbers of three-dimensional structures. In order to shed light on the biological functions of the molecules, researchers often resort to comparative molecular modeling. Earlier work has shown that when the sequence alignment is in error, then the comparative model is guaranteed to be wrong. In addition, loops, the sites of insertions and deletions in families of homologous proteins, are exceedingly difficult to model. Thus, many of the current problems in comparative molecular modeling are minor versions of the global protein folding problem. In order to assess objectively the current state of comparative molecular modeling, 13 groups submitted blind predictions of seven different proteins of undisclosed tertiary structure. This assessment shows that where sequence identity between the target and the template structure is high (> 70%), comparative molecular modeling is highly successful. On the other hand, automated modeling techniques and sophisticated energy minimization methods fail to improve upon the starting structures when the sequence identity is low (approximately 30%). Based on these results it appears that insertions and deletions are still major problems. Successfully deducing the correct sequence alignment when the local similarity is low is still difficult. We suggest some minimal testing of submitted coordinates that should be required of authors before papers on comparative molecular modeling are accepted for publication in journals.