gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Panel of Candidate Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinoma (2010)

The timely diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited by the lack of specific biomarkers. To identify candidate RCC biomarkers, we used 2-DE gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and 2-DE spot intensity-based ROC analysis to analyze 18 sets of paired normal and RCC tumor tissue including conventional, papillary, and chromophobe subtypes. Validation was performed with RCC patient plasma samples and confirmed by clustergram, shRNA, and immunohistochemistry assays. Cardinal candidates were evaluated by ELISA. The leading candidate biomarker that was upregulated in RCC samples according to the clustergram and validation analysis was nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) (13/15, P < 0.0001). Other upregulated candidate biomarkers that were identified by this method include ferritin, hNSE, NM23, secretagogin, and L-plastin. The upregulation of NNMT in RCC was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of fractionated membrane-associated proteins identified CAP-G, mitofillin, tubulin alpha, RBBP7, and HSP27. Of these, RBBP7 and HSP27 were highly expressed in the chromophobe subtype of RCC (3/3) but were absent from conventional RCC (0/3). The triple combination of the NNMT, FTL, and hNSE biomarkers had the highest predictive capacity of 0.993, while NNMT was the single, most powerful candidate diagnostic biomarker for all types of RCC.
Band Gaps in a Multiresonator Acoustic Metamaterial (2010)

In this study, we investigated dispersion curves and the band gap structure of a multiresonator mass-in-mass lattice system. The unit cell of the lattice system consists of three separate masses connected by linear springs. It was demonstrated that the band gaps can be shifted by varying the spring constant and the magnitude of the internal masses. By using the conventional monatomic (single mass) lattice model as an equivalent system, the effective mass was found to become negative for frequencies in the band gaps. An attempt was made to represent the two-resonator mass-in-mass lattice with a microstructure continuum model. It was found that the microstructure continuum model can capture the dispersive behavior and band gap structure of the original two-resonator mass-in-mass system.
Total dose imferon (iron-dextran complex) infusion therapy in severe hookworm anaemia. (1967)

Digital Artery Disease-Birnstingl ,Baff 605
미국발 세계금융위기의 원인 분석: 서브프라임 주택담보 대출을 중심으로 (2009)

본 논문은 2006년 하반기 미국 서브프라임 모기지 사태로 촉발된 세계 금융위기의 구조적 원인과 제도적 요인을 설명해 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 논문은 금융부문의 비정상적인 발전, 사회적 양극화의 심화, 그리고 경상수지 적자와 자본수지 흑자로 현상된 대외불균형이라는 구조적 요인과 주택대출시장과 자본시장이 결합된 부동산 시장의 독특한 구조로 인해 나타난 제도적 요인을 연관 지어서 설명해 보는 것이다. 구조적 요인과 제도적 요인을 연관 짓는 이유는 이번 위기가 도덕적 해이나 무분별한 금융규제 완화, 그리고 금융투기와 탐욕만의 문제로 해석되기 힘들기 때문이다. 이를 통해 내릴 수 있는 결론은 이번 위기가 미국 경제가 안고 있던 구조적 모순과 촉발 요인이 되었던 제도적 요인이 동시적으로 문제를 일으키면서 발생했다는 점이다. 따라서 이번 금융위기는 단순한 금융위기만의 문제로 환원되지 않으며, 금융위기와 실물위기가 결합되었고 부동산 시장, 금융시장, 국제 금융시스템 등 국내외적인 문제들이 동시적으로 발생했다는 측면에서 심각한 위기로 보인다.
CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR: A MEDIATOR OF EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES ON BLADDER FUNCTION (2004)

Epidemiological, genetic and neuropharmacological evidence links disorders of voiding and anxiety. CRF may participate in these events and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target in the treatment of OAB and interstitial cystitis.
A new G-tailing method for the determination of the poly(A) tail length applied to hepatitis A virus RNA (2001)

To study the role of the poly(A) tail length during the replication of poly(A)-containing plus-strand RNA virus, we have developed a simple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based method that substantially improves the previously reported PAT [poly(A) test] assay. In contrast to the PAT assay, the new method is based on the enzymatic 3' elongation of mRNA with guanosine residues, thus immediately preserving the 3' end of the RNA and creating a unique poly(A)-oligo(G) junction. The oligo(G)-protected full-length poly(A) tail is reverse transcribed using the universal anti-sense primer oligo(dC(9)T(6)) and amplified by PCR with a gene-specific sense primer. After sequencing the resulting RT-PCR product the length of the poly(A) tail was unequivocally deduced from the number of adenosine residues between the oligo(G) stretch and the sequence upstream of the poly(A) tail. The efficiency and specificity of the newly developed assay was demonstrated by analysing the poly(A) tail length of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA. We show here that the poly(A) tail of HAV RNA rescued after transfection of in vitro transcripts was elongated in the course of HAV replication.
Scaling in thin magnetoresistive films (1990)

The magnetoresistive response of long strips of thin ferromagnetic films under external field in the plane of the film is examined using analytic as well as numerical methods. This is done for a range of easy axis directions and external field angles. It is found that the dimensional as well as magnetic parameters are subsumed into two parameters—a zero-field equilibrium angle η and a field scale HS. The magnetoresistive response of the film to an external field HA appears in terms of the scaled variable (HA/ HS). As a result, the response of a large number of films for a given external field angle, and fixed η, falls on the same curve when expressed in terms of the scaled variable (HA/ HS). This also leads to a reciprocal relation between the sensitivity and range of linearity of the transfer function of a magnetoresistive transducer.
Potential for antioxidant therapy of cystic fibrosis (2004)

The many levels of potential application offered by antioxidants make this class of molecules one of the promising areas of therapeutic development for CF. Several redox-modulating agents have a high likelihood of providing useful approaches for the treatment of many aspects of CF airway disease.
Signaling Pathways that Establish the Dorsal-Ventral Pattern of the Drosophila Embryo (1995)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
The effect of preparation and aging conditions on the internal environment of sol-gel derived materials as probed by 7-azaindole and pyranine fluorescence (1999)

Sol-gel derived silicate materials were prepared by a two-stage processing method similar that commonly used for entrapment of biomolecules. In the first step, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was hydrolyzed by sonicating in the presence of water (molar ratio of H 2 O:Si = 4:1) and 0.044 M HCl with no added alcohol. The hydrolyzed TEOS was then mixed with varying amounts of a buffer solution (1:1 up to 4:1 vol:vol of silane:buffer) to induce gelation, and the monoliths were aged at room temperature either in air or in buffer for several days, followed by prolonged drying in air over several months. The emission spectra of the entrapped probes 7-azaindole (7AI) and 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-trisulfonated pyrene (pyranine) were examined at various times during the aging process to monitor the effects of the H 2 O:Si ratio on the evolution of the internal environment of the silicate materials. The results showed that (i) the internal environment of the silicate materials continued to evolve long after the drying of the matrix (as determined by mass changes) was complete; (ii) the internal structure of the silicate materials, as monitored by both 7AI fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy, was affected by the proportion of water used for gelation of dry-aged materials, but was similar for all wet-aged samples, and (iii) both wet-aged and dry-aged monoliths had a distribution of final environments present both during and after drying. The implications of these findings for protein entrapment are discussed.Key words: fluorescence, sol-gel, silicate materials, aging conditions, biosensor.
Traffic Jams II: An Update of Diseases of Intracellular Transport (2002)

As more details emerge on the mechanisms that mediate and control intracellular transport, the molecular basis for variety of human diseases has been revealed. In turn, disease pathology and physiology shed light on the intricate controls that regulate intracellular transport to assure proper cellular and tissue function and homeostasis. We previously listed a number of diseases that are the result of defects in intracellular transport, or cause defects in intracellular transport. (Aridor M, Hannan LA. Traffic Jam: A compendium of human diseases that affect intracellular transport processes. Traffic 2000; 1: 836-851). This Toolbox updates the previous list to include additional disorders that were recently identified to be related to intracellular trafficking. In the time since we have published our first list there have been significant advances in understanding of the molecular basis of these defects. Such advances will pave the way to future effective therapeutics.
Fabrication of periodic nanostructures by phase-controlled multiple-beam interference (2003)

A special beam splitting scheme based on distributed beam splitting with diffractive elements is presented. Multiple beams are created, whose phase relations can be controlled with almost arbitrary precision by only changing the distance between the applied diffractive elements. Integration of this scheme into a reflective imaging system ensures temporal and spatial overlap of all selected beams in the target plane, and enables the use of femtosecond radiation. Manifold photonic structures can be fabricated in this way by phase-controlled multiple-beam interference. We demonstrate the capability of the method for femtosecond laser treatment of solids. Using subpicosecond laser pulses at 248 nm, submicron sized periodic structures with different shapes and feature sizes in the range of 100 nm are ablated on the surface of polycarbonate samples.
A case of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid administration on serum bile acids and cholestanol. (1982)

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare familiar disease characterized by tendon xanthomas, cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, dementia and an elevated serum cholestanol level. In this paper, a 50-year-old man with typical signs and symptoms of CTX is described. Serum cholestanol and chelesterol concentrations were 17.9-28.6 micrograms/ml and 109-153 mg/dl, respectively. The determination of non-sulfated bile acid concentration in the serum assayed by mass fragmentography disclosed an abnormal profile. The concentration of cholic acid (0.30-0.52 microgram/ml) was higher than normal, while those of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were extremely low or undetectable. Administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (300 mg per day, orally) for 2 weeks resulted in a marked reduction of serum cholic acid concentration. However, serum cholestanol levels remained unchanged.
Oral Use of Interferon-alpha Stimulates ISG-15 Transcription and Production by Human Buccal Epithelial Cells (1999)

ISG-15 is a 15-kDa protein encoded by an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG), which is transcriptionally regulated by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Considered as part of the cytokine network, ISG-15 has the potential to amplify the immunomodulatory effects of these IFNs by enhancing IFN-gamma production, natural killer cell proliferation, and lymphokine-alphactivated killer cell cytotoxicity. To understand better the mechanism(s) of action of orally administered IFN-alpha, we have studied the effect of IFN-alpha on ISG-15 gene expression by human buccal epithelial cells (BEC). For in vitro studies, ISG-15 mRNA and protein levels were measured in BEC incubated for 0.5, 2, and 9 h with 100 or 1,000 IU/ml of human lymphoblastoid IFN-alpha. For in vivo studies, ISG-15 mRNA was measured in BEC samples collected at baseline, and 0.5, 2, and 9 h after 5-20 min of oral rinsing with 10 ml of IFN-alpha (1,000 IU/ml). ISG-15 mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and ISG-15 protein production by Western Blot analysis. IFN-alpha augmented BEC ISG-15 gene expression in a concentration dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that orally administered IFN-alpha exerts its immunomodulatory effects in humans in part by upregulating the production of ISG-15 by BEC, thereby enhancing the immune reactivity of mucosa-associated lymphocytes.
Sensitization ofStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia colito Antibiotics by the Sesquiterpenoids Nerolidol, Farnesol, Bisabolol, and Apritone (2003)

The sesquiterpenoids nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolol, and apritone were investigated for their abilities to enhance bacterial permeability and susceptibility to exogenous antimicrobial compounds. Initially, it was observed by flow cytometry that these sesquiterpenoids promoted the intracellular accumulation of the membrane-impermeant nucleic acid stain ethidium bromide by live cells of Lactobacillus fermentum, suggesting that enhanced permeability resulted from disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. The ability of these sesquiterpenoids to increase bacterial susceptibility to a number of clinically important antibiotics was then investigated. In disk diffusion assays, treatment with low concentrations (0.5 to 2 mM) of nerolidol, bisabolol, or apritone enhanced the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Nerolidol and farnesol also sensitized Escherichia coli to polymyxin B. Our results indicate the practical utility of sensitizing bacteria to antimicrobials with sesquiterpenoids that have traditionally been used as flavorants and aroma compounds in the food and perfume industries.
W/sup 4/: real-time surveillance of people and their activities (2000)

W/sup 4/ is a real time visual surveillance system for detecting and tracking multiple people and monitoring their activities in an outdoor environment. It operates on monocular gray-scale video imagery, or on video imagery from an infrared camera. W/sup 4/ employs a combination of shape analysis and tracking to locate people and their parts (head, hands, feet, torso) and to create models of people's appearance so that they can be tracked through interactions such as occlusions. It can determine whether a foreground region contains multiple people and can segment the region into its constituent people and track them. W/sup 4/ can also determine whether people are carrying objects, and can segment objects from their silhouettes, and construct appearance models for them so they can be identified in subsequent frames. W/sup 4/ can recognize events between people and objects, such as depositing an object, exchanging bags, or removing an object. It runs at 25 Hz for 320/spl times/240 resolution images on a 400 MHz dual-Pentium II PC.
Endocannabinoids and the Control of Energy Homeostasis (2008)

Endocannabinoids (ECBs) are ubiquitous lipid mediators that act through the same G protein-coupled receptors (CB1 and CB2) that recognize plant-derived cannabinoids. As regulators of metabolism, ECBs are anabolic: they increase the intake, promote the storage, and decrease the expenditure of energy. Recent work indicates that activation of peripheral CB1 receptors by ECBs plays a key role in the hormonal/metabolic changes associated with obesity/metabolic syndrome and may be targeted for its pharmacotherapy.
Identification and Characterization of anAzotobacter vinelandiiType I Secretion System Responsible for Export of the AlgE-Type Mannuronan C-5-Epimerases (2006)

Alginate is a linear copolymer of beta-d-mannuronic acid and its C-5-epimer, alpha-l-guluronic acid. During biosynthesis, the polymer is first made as mannuronan, and various fractions of the monomers are then epimerized to guluronic acid by mannuronan C-5-epimerases. The Azotobacter vinelandii genome encodes a family of seven extracellular such epimerases (AlgE1 to AlgE7) which display motifs characteristic for proteins secreted via a type I pathway. Putative ATPase-binding cassette regions from the genome draft sequence of the A. vinelandii OP strain and experimentally verified type I transporters from other species were compared. This analysis led to the identification of one putative A. vinelandii type I system (eexDEF). The corresponding genes were individually disrupted in A. vinelandii strain E, and Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies against all AlgE epimerases showed that these proteins were present in wild-type culture supernatants but absent from the eex mutant supernatants. Consistent with this, the wild-type strain and the eex mutants produced alginate with about 20% guluronic acid and almost pure mannuronan (< or =2% guluronic acid), respectively. The A. vinelandii wild type is able to enter a particular desiccation-tolerant resting stage designated cyst. At this stage, the cells are surrounded by a rigid coat in which alginate is a major constituent. Such a coat was formed by wild-type cells in a particular growth medium but was missing in the eex mutants. These mutants were also found to be unable to survive desiccation. The reason for this is probably that continuous stretches of guluronic acid residues are needed for alginate gel formation to take place.
Effects of Intrathecal Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (Protirelin) in Refractory Depressed Patients (1997)

Administration of protirelin by an intrathecal route induced a rapid improvement in mood and suicidality in these refractory depressed patients, supporting the hypothesis that thyrotropin-releasing hormone could be a positive modulator of mood.
Intron retention as a component of regulated gene expression programs (2017)

Intron retention has long been an exemplar of regulated splicing with case studies of individual events serving as models that provided key mechanistic insights into the process of splicing control. In organisms such as plants and budding yeast, intron retention is well understood as a major mechanism of gene expression regulation. In contrast, in mammalian systems, the extent and functional significance of intron retention have, until recently, remained greatly underappreciated. Technical challenges to the global detection and quantitation of transcripts with retained introns have often led to intron retention being overlooked or dismissed as "noise". Now, however, with the wealth of information available from high-throughput deep sequencing, combined with focused computational and statistical analyses, we are able to distinguish clear intron retention patterns in various physiological and pathological contexts. Several recent studies have demonstrated intron retention as a central component of gene expression programs during normal development as well as in response to stress and disease. Furthermore, these studies revealed various ways in which intron retention regulates protein isoform production, RNA stability and translation efficiency, and rapid induction of expression via post-transcriptional splicing of retained introns. In this review, we highlight critical findings from these transcriptomic studies and discuss commonalties in the patterns prevalent in intron retention networks at the functional and regulatory levels.
Predicting gelatinization temperatures of starch/sweetener systems for cake formulation by differential scanning calorimetry. I. Development of a model (1990)

Formulators of baked products may need to know the effect of sweeteners on optimum baking temperature and time for desired cake volume and cell structure. Authors propose a model to aid in this
Excitonic electroabsorption in extremely shallow quantum wells (1990)

We report the remarkable observation of strong room-temperature excitonic features in the absorption spectra of GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells (QWs) for values of x as low as 0.02. This has important implications for high-power modulators, since saturation intensities have been shown to be higher in QW modulators with low barriers. In addition, very shallow QWs have enhanced electroabsorption at small biases because of ease of ionization. In our p-i(multi-QW)-n device with x=0.02, we obtain a transmission change from 29% to 47% for a voltage change from +1 to −3 V.
Effects of Antisense c- myb Oligonucleotides on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Response to Vessel Wall Injury (1995)

Abstract The process of restenosis after arterial balloon dilatation has been demonstrated to involve smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. Initial reports with antisense oligonucleotides directed against the proto-oncogene c- myb suggest marked in vitro specificity and in vivo efficacy. In the present study, we sought to confirm and extend the hypothesis that antisense to c- myb results in a specific antiproliferative effect with a comprehensive assessment by using different oligonucleotide preparations, different species, and tissue and cellular uptake experiments. Phosphorothioate-protected oligonucleotides representing the appropriate sequence for antisense to c- myb and multiple controls were used to inhibit proliferation of platelet-derived growth factor– and fetal bovine serum–stimulated rat, dog, and human aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and neointimal proliferation in the rat carotid injury model. In vitro experiments using identical culture conditions in rat, dog, and human aortic smooth muscle cells failed to show specificity as well as consistency in growth inhibitory effects that could be attributed to an antisense mechanism. Proliferation of smooth muscle cell growth in culture was consistently inhibited with oligomers containing a contiguous 4-guanosine residue motif. In vivo, the rat carotid injury neointimal hyperplasia was similar for antisense c- myb (0.095±0.009 mm 2 ) and sense c- myb (0.090±0.009 mm 2 ). Fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides were present in tissue after local delivery via pluronic gel, and their activity rapidly declined over a 72-hour period. Our findings point to the potential nonspecificity and lack of consistency of the antisense oligonucleotide to c- myb in vitro and in vivo. An alternative nonantisense mechanism for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, involving contiguous 4-guanosine residues, is proposed.
Pathologic and biochemical studies of juvenile parkinsonism linked to chromosome 6q (1998)

We report the results of pathologic and biochemical studies in a patient with 6q-linked autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). Neuronal loss and gliosis were restricted to the substantia nigra and the locus ceruleus. No Lewy bodies were found, but neurofibrillary tangles and argyrophilic astrocytes were seen in the cerebral cortex and brainstem nuclei. The later findings, which have not been reported previously in AR-JP, suggest the pathologic heterogeneity of 6q-linked AR-JP.