gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The LFA-1 Integrin Supports Rolling Adhesions on ICAM-1 Under Physiological Shear Flow in a Permissive Cellular Environment (2000)

The LFA-1 integrin is crucial for the firm adhesion of circulating leukocytes to ICAM-1-expressing endothelial cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that LFA-1 can arrest unstimulated PBL subsets and lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells on immobilized ICAM-1 under subphysiological shear flow and mediate firm adhesion to ICAM-1 after short static contact. However, LFA-1 expressed in K562 cells failed to support firm adhesion to ICAM-1 but instead mediated K562 cell rolling on the endothelial ligand under physiological shear stress. LFA-1-mediated rolling required an intact LFA-1 I-domain, was enhanced by Mg2+, and was sharply dependent on ICAM-1 density. This is the first indication that LFA-1 can engage in rolling adhesions with ICAM-1 under physiological shear flow. The ability of LFA-1 to support rolling correlates with decreased avidity and impaired time-dependent adhesion strengthening. A beta2 cytoplasmic domain-deletion mutant of LFA-1, with high avidity to immobilized ICAM-1, mediated firm arrests of K562 cells interacting with ICAM-1 under shear flow. Our results suggest that restrictions in LFA-1 clustering mediated by cytoskeletal attachments may lock the integrin into low-avidity states in particular cellular environments. Although low-avidity LFA-1 states fail to undergo adhesion strengthening upon contact with ICAM-1 at stasis, these states are permissive for leukocyte rolling on ICAM-1 under physiological shear flow. Rolling mediated by low-avidity LFA-1 interactions with ICAM-1 may stabilize rolling initiated by specialized vascular rolling receptors and allow the leukocyte to arrest on vascular endothelium upon exposure to stimulatory endothelial signals.
Acne vaccines targeting Propionibacterium acnes. (2009)

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases and can affect a large number of individuals at some point in their lives. Though the disease is multi-factorial, the Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a member of resident skin microflora, is implicated in acne inflammation and associated with acne lesions. Common treatments such as antibiotic or benzoyl peroxide nonspecifically reduce bacteria population on the skin, which may disrupt homeostasis and cause further complications such as promoting growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. A component vaccine and an inactivated whole bacteria vaccine are made to target specifically P. acnes. The component vaccine targeting P. acnes surface sialidase and heat-inactivated P. acnes vaccine have both been shown to reduce P. acnes- induced inflammation in vivo and neutralize P. acnes in vitro, suggesting their potentials as new treatment for acne vulgaris. To facilitate acne studies, a bioengineering approach was utilized to design a new human acne model using tissue chamber. The tissue chamber of human sebocytes is shown to produce in mice a microenvironment similar to human acne inflammation. This approach can also be utilized in future studies in developing therapeutic acne vaccines and designing possible combined treatment of acne vaccine with alternative acne treatments.
Placental mRNA in Maternal Plasma and Its Clinical Application to the Evaluation of Placental Status in a Pregnant Woman with Placenta Previa-Percreta (2005)

Fetal and/or placental mRNA in maternal plasma has been detected during pregnancy, and such mRNA tends to be stable against degradation (1). A quantitative study of plasma mRNA for γ-globin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) showed significantly higher concentrations in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women (2). These findings suggest that the quantitative analysis of placental mRNA in maternal plasma may be a useful method to monitor placental status.

In this study, we measured placental mRNA in maternal plasma to evaluate residual placenta in a pregnant woman with placenta previa-percreta (PPP) and bladder invasion that was diagnosed by both magnetic resonance imaging and pathology examination. Although a supravaginal hysterectomy just after the cesarean section (the first surgery) was done at 37 weeks of gestation, a 16-cm placental mass close to the internal os of the uterus could not be removed. Therapy with methotrexate (MTX) was therefore initiated on days 1–4, days 14–17, and days 33–36 after the first surgery (on day 0) to aid resorption of the placental residue, and a second surgery was performed to complete the hysterectomy …
Synthetic Utility of Catalytic Fe(III)/Fe(II) Redox Cycling Towards Fused Heterocycles: A Facile Access to Substituted Benzimidazole, Bisbenzimidazole and Imidazopyridine Derivatives (2000)

A catalytic Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling approach has been examined and applied towards synthesis of a wide range of benzimidazole, bis-benzimidazole and imidazopyridine derivatives from oxidative coupling of aromatic ortho-diamines with aromatic as well as heterocyclic aldehydes bearing different types of substituents. This versatile and convenient method has further proven to be particularly useful in expeditiously affording a number of novel bis-benzimidazole class of Hoechst 33 258 analogs towards potential development as fluorescent nucleic acid binding probes. Successful preparation and characterization of a diverse set of thirty different compounds is presented here.
Pathogenic potential of myeloblastosis-associated viruses. (1995)

Myeloblastosis-associated viruses (MAV) are replication competent avian retroviruses responsible for the induction of lymphoid leukosis, osteopetrosis, and nephroblastoma. Although both the route of infection and the strain of host used has been reported to be a critical factor in determining the outcome of viral infection, genetically distinct strains of MAV that exhibit a multiple pathogenic potential have been molcularly cloned. Osteopetrosis is a proliferative disease of the bones and nephroblastoma is a kidney cancer. Both diseases occur in chickens a few weeks after MAV injection. In both cases, the nature of the target cells and mechanisms of transformation induced by MAV remain to be established. Molecular cloning and sequencing of three MAV proviral genomes inducing both osteopetrosis and nephroblastoma or only nephroblastoma have allowed the identification of viral determinants essential for osteopetrosis induction. For the last decade we have focused our attention on the MAV-induced nephroblastoma because it is a unique animal model of the human Wilms' tumor. Studies that we have conducted to understand the molecular basis of MAV tumorigenic potential have led to the identification of viral sequences required for tumor induction and to the discovery of a new cellular gene (nov) likely to play a critical role in avian and human nephroblastoma development.
Dissemination-Based Information Systems. (1996)

This paper examines the construction of distributed information systems that incorporate the ability to push data out to clients (i.e., dissemination) in addition to having clients pull data from servers. One key issue that distinguishes such dissemination-based information systems (DBIS) from more traditional ones is communications asymmetry. Asymmetry arises in many new applications due to both physical characteristics such as network bandwidths, as well as to workload characteristics. We outline a number of different data delivery mechanisms, and then focus on one particular dissemination mechanism that we have developed, called Broadcast Disks. Finally, we discuss issues that arise in the design of a DBIS architecture that can provide many different modes of data delivery. 1 Introduction Ongoing advances in communications including the proliferation of the Internet and intranets, the development of mobile and wireless networks, and the impending availability of high bandwidth link...
The Role of DNA-Microarray in Translational Cancer Research (2005)

The overall prognosis for the majority of cancer patients remains poor. Current conventional strategies in clinical cancer research are unable to adequately answer a large number of important unsolved questions. Although some patients achieve substantial benefits from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy, others will not. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still not identified in detail. Furthermore, the activity of promising novel molecular targeting anticancer agents like tyrosinkinase inhibitors is currently not predictable within the individual patient. The biological background for this clinical and prognostic heterogeneity in behavior is more or less the large individual variation in the biological nature of tumors within the same classified histological subgroup. The overall usefulness of conventional histopathological classifications to adequately predict patient prognosis or response to chemotherapy is limited. The most promising way to solve this issue is to found clinical research strategies on basic biological evidence. New genomic technologies have been developed within recent years. These techniques are able to analyze thousands of genes and their expression profiles simultaneously. An increasing number of investigations has reported applications of these novel technologies within clinical trials settings. The aim of this approach is to identify new subsets of cancer patients, to improve prediction of their clinical outcome or response to treatment and select new targets for innovative therapeutic drugs based on the findings from gene expression profiles. Results of these gene expression profile studies could potentially lead to more individually tailored systemic cancer therapy. In the recent years, a remarkable number of studies based on these techniques have already been reported. Although the published results are clearly impressive and highly promising, a lot of work remains to be done. Moreover, there is a strong need for an increase in reliability and reproducibility of such gene expression profiling techniques and thus introduction of reproducible quality control in the performance of these assays. Although a large number of issues remain to be clarified prior to a more general application of genomic profiling techniques in clinical cancer research, this strategy will eventually turn out as a promising approach to improve successful management of cancer patients. Keywords: chemotherapy, tumor biology, breast cancer, predictor, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, retinoblastoma-binding protein.
Structural Aspects of the Plasminogen of Various Species (1988)

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of equine, ovine, canine, goat and rabbit plasminogen were determined and compared with those already known of the human, bovine, porcine and feline molecule. Furthermore, the kringle 4 domains of equine, ovine, canine and goat plasminogen, prepared by limited cleavage with elastase, were sequenced and compared with the known species of human, bovine, porcine and chicken plasminogen. Homology with the human kringle 4 ranges between 73% (chicken) and 90% (bovine). Comparison of sequences, fragmentation patterns with elastase and adsorption on lysine-Bio-Gel suggests the same structural and functional domains in the animal species as in human plasminogen.
A Leu-Leu sequence is essential for COOH-terminal targeting signal of GLUT4 glucose transporter in fibroblasts. (1994)

In the insulin-responsive tissues, muscle and adipose, the GLUT4 glucose transporter isoform accounts for most of the increase in hexose flux in response to hormone. In these cell types, as well as in fibroblasts transfected with cDNAs encoding the transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT4 are sorted to different subcellular locations. In the latter, GLUT1 is found primarily at the cell surface whereas GLUT4 localizes to the interior of the cell in a perinuclear distribution. The construction and analysis of chimeras of these two transporter isoforms have allowed identification of the COOH-terminal 30 amino acids as a critical sorting signal for differential localization of the transporters. In this study, we show that 2 residues present in the GLUT4 COOH terminus, Leu-489 and Leu-490, are critical for the intracellular sequestration of this isoform in NIH3T3 cells.
A randomized comparison of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study. (1992)

Although a more toxic regimen, we found M-VAC to be superior to single-agent cisplatin with respect to response rate, duration of remission, and overall survival in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.
Assessing Beliefs about Lighting Effects on Health, Performance, Mood, and Social Behavior (1996)

Energy conservation through the adoption of new, energy-efficient technologies will succeed only to the extent that the new technologies are not themselves perceived as risk sources. Previous research has found that beliefs about the health effects of fluorescent lighting predict compact fluorescent lamp use in homes. This paper describes the development and validation of a questionnaire to assess beliefs about the effects of common types of interior lighting on human health, work performance, mood, and social behavior. Principal components analysis of the 32-item Lighting Beliefs Questionnaire revealed 6 interpretable components: Lighting Importance, Brightness, Major Health Effects: Fluorescent Lighting, Minor Health Effects: Fluorescent Lighting, Social Setting, and Daylighting. The questionnaire may be used to explore responses to interior lighting and to discover what beliefs are held by end users. This information will assist in allaying unwarranted fears and concerns about new lighting technologies.
IL-6 receptor blockage inhibits the onset of autoimmune kidney disease in NZB/W F1 mice (1998)

In the present study, we examined the preventive effect of anti-mouse IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody, MR16-1, on the development of autoimmune kidney disease in female NZB/W F1 (BWF1) mice. Immunological tolerance to MR16-1 or isotype-matched control antibody, KH-5, was induced by the simultaneous administration of anti-CD4 MoAb in mice. Thereafter, mice were intraperitoneally given 0.5 mg of MR16-1, 0.5 mg of KH-5 or saline once a week from 13 to 64 weeks of age. MR16-1 treatment dramatically suppressed proteinuria and prolonged the survival time of BWF1 mice. Only one out of 10 mice died with high levels of proteinuria throughout the experiment. MR16-1 almost completely suppressed the production of IgG forms of anti-DNA and anti-TNP antibodies, but not the IgM forms of these antibodies. In particular, all IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3) of anti-DNA antibody production were significantly suppressed. Moreover, serum IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 levels in MR16-1-treated mice were lower than those in saline- and KH-5-treated mice, whereas serum IgM and IgA levels were not influenced. In conclusion, MR16-1 potently suppressed the development of autoimmune disease in BWF1 mice, and this was attributed to its effect of specific suppression of IgG class antibody production.
Privacy Promises, Access Control, and Privacy Management (2002)

Regulations and consumer backlash force man organizations to re-evaluate the wa they manage private data. Asa first step,the publish privac promises as text or P3P. These promises are not backed up by privacy technologythat enforces the promises throughout the enterprise. Privacy tools cover fractions of the problem while leaving themain challenge unanswered.This article describes a new approach towards enterprisewide enforcement of the privac promises. Its core is a newframework for managing collected personal data in a sensitive, trustworthy way. The framework enables enterprises toclear privacy promises, to collect and manage userpreferences and consent, and to enforce the privacy promisesthroughout the enterprise.This article shows how this new approach extends theditional view of access control to provide a more completecoverage of privacy management issues.
Decreased lysyl oxidase activity in the aneurysm-prone, mottled mouse. (1977)

Inbred mice bearing certain alleles at the Mottled locus have defects in connective tissue which result in weakness of skin and of blood vessels. Previous studies have established that cross-links in collagen and elastin are decreased in these animals due to impaired formation of lysine-derived aldehydes. Lysyl oxidase activity in extracts of skin is markedly lower in those prepared from affected animals than control mice. An inhibitor of lysyl oxidase is present in equal amounts in affected and control skins and does not account for diminished activity found in affected animals.
Myocardin is a direct transcriptional target of Mef2, Tead and Foxo proteins during cardiovascular development (2006)

Myocardin is a transcriptional co-activator of serum response factor (Srf), which is a key regulator of the expression of smooth and cardiac muscle genes. Consistent with its role in regulating cardiovascular development, myocardin is the earliest known marker specific to both the cardiac and smooth muscle lineages during embryogenesis. To understand how the expression of this early transcriptional regulator is initiated and maintained, we scanned 90 kb of genomic DNA encompassing the myocardin gene for cis-regulatory elements capable of directing myocardin transcription in cardiac and smooth muscle lineages in vivo. Here, we describe an enhancer that controls cardiovascular expression of the mouse myocardin gene during mouse embryogenesis and adulthood. Activity of this enhancer in the heart and vascular system requires the combined actions of the Mef2 and Foxo transcription factors. In addition, the Tead transcription factor is required specifically for enhancer activation in neural-crest-derived smooth muscle cells and dorsal aorta. Notably, myocardin also regulates its own enhancer, but in contrast to the majority of myocardin target genes, which are dependent on Srf, myocardin acts through Mef2 to control its enhancer. These findings reveal an Srf-independent mechanism for smooth and cardiac muscle-restricted transcription and provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms responsible for establishing the smooth and cardiac muscle phenotypes during development.
The disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in dogs, rats, and humans receiving venlafaxine (1992)

A stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitation of the enantiomers of venlafaxine, an antidepressant, in dog, rat, and human plasma. The procedure involves derivatization of venlafaxine with the chiral reagent, (+)-S-naproxen chloride, and a postderivatization procedure. The method was linear in the range of 50 to 5,000 ng of each enantiomer per ml of plasma. No interference by endogenous substances or known metabolites of venlafaxine occurred. Studies to characterize the disposition of the enantiomers of venlafaxine were conducted in dog, rat, and human, following oral administration of venlafaxine. The Cmax, area under the curve (AUC) and (S)/(R) concentration ratios of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers were compared. In rats, the mean plasma ratio of (S)-venlafaxine to that of (R)-venlafaxine over 0.5 to 6.0 h varied from 2.97 to 8.50 with a mean value of 5.51 +/- 2.45. The Cmax, AUC0-infinity, and t 1/2 values of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in dogs were not significantly different from one another (P greater than 0.1). The mean ratios [(S)/(R)] of enantiomers of venlafaxine in human over a 2 to 6 h interval ranged from 1.33 to 1.35 with an overall ratio of 1.34 +/- 0.26 (n = 12). These ratios of the enantiomers [(S)/(R)] were not statistically different from unity (P greater than 0.1) indicating that the disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in humans is not stereoselective and is more similar to that in dogs than that in rats.
The KDEL retrieval system is exploited by Pseudomonas exotoxin A, but not by Shiga-like toxin-1, during retrograde transport from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (1999)

To investigate the role of the KDEL receptor in the retrieval of protein toxins to the mammalian cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysozyme variants containing AARL or KDEL C-terminal tags, or the human KDEL receptor, have been expressed in toxin-treated COS 7 and HeLa cells. Expression of the lysozyme variants and the KDEL receptor was confirmed by immunofluorescence. When such cells were challenged with diphtheria toxin (DT) or Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin 1 (SLT-1), there was no observable difference in their sensitivities as compared to cells which did not express these exogenous proteins. By contrast, the cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is reduced by expressing lysozyme-KDEL, which causes a redistribution of the KDEL receptor from the Golgi complex to the ER, and cells are sensitised to this toxin when they express additional KDEL receptors. These data suggest that, in contrast to SLT-1, PE can exploit the KDEL receptor in order to reach the ER lumen where it is believed that membrane transfer to the cytosol occurs. This contention was confirmed by microinjecting into Vero cells antibodies raised against the cytoplasmically exposed tail of the KDEL receptor. Immunofluorescence confirmed that these antibodies prevented the retrograde transport of the KDEL receptor from the Golgi complex to the ER, and this in turn reduced the cytotoxicity of PE, but not that of SLT-1, to these cells.
DNA Vaccination Against Rat Her-2/Neu p185 More Effectively Inhibits Carcinogenesis Than Transplantable Carcinomas in Transgenic BALB/c Mice (2000)

The ability of vaccination with plasmids coding for the extracellular and the transmembrane domain of the product of transforming rat Her-2/neu oncogene (r-p185) to protect against r-p185(+) transplantable carcinoma (TUBO) cells and mammary carcinogenesis was evaluated. In normal BALB/c mice, DNA vaccination elicits anti-r-p185 Ab, but only a marginal CTL reactivity, and protects against a TUBO cell challenge. Massive reactive infiltration is associated with TUBO cell rejection. In BALB/c mice transgenic for the rat Her-2/neu gene (BALB-neuT), DNA vaccination elicits a lower anti-r-p185 Ab response, no CTL activity and only incompletely protects against TUBO cells, but markedly hampers the progression of carcinogenesis. At 33 wk of age, when control BALB-neuT mice display palpable tumors in all mammary glands, about 60% of immunized mice are tumor free, and tumor multiplicity is markedly reduced. Tumor-free mammary glands still display the atypical hyperplasia of the early stages of carcinogenesis, and a marked down-modulation of r-p185, along with a massive reactive infiltrate. However, BALB-neuT mice protected against mammary carcinogenesis fail to efficiently reject a TUBO cell challenge. This suggests that the mechanisms required for the rejection of transplantable tumors may not coincide with those that inhibit the slow progression of carcinogenesis.
Localization of chromosome 9p homozygous deletions in glioma cell lines with markers constituting a continuous linkage group. (1993)

Southern blot analyses of the 9p-localized type I interferon (IFN) genes in DNAs obtained from malignant glioma cell lines and glial tumor tissue have indicated that homozygous deletions of the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes often occur during the development of the highly malignant central nervous system neoplasm, glioblastoma. We have applied a set of markers that span the IFN region on 9p to the analysis of DNAs from 30 human glioma cell lines in order to define the region of homozygous deletion associated with this cancer more precisely. Fourteen of the cell lines revealed either complete (12 cases) or partial (2 cases) homozygous deletions of the IFN-alpha gene cluster; no instances of homozygous deletions were observed that did not involve the IFN-alpha region. Genomic DNA identified by the markers nearest to and flanking the IFN-alpha genes were retained in 5 of the cases with homozygous deletions. Consequently, these results limit the extent of homozygous deletions in glioma cell lines to a small region of 9p21-p22 that includes most of the type I IFN locus.