gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Hall Effects in Metallic Antiferromagnets (2014)

We investigate four CuAu-I-type metallic antiferromagnets for their potential as spin current detectors using spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect. Nontrivial spin Hall effects were observed for FeMn, PdMn, and IrMn while a much higher effect was obtained for PtMn. Using thickness-dependent measurements, we determined the spin diffusion lengths of these materials to be short, on the order of 1 nm. The estimated spin Hall angles of the four materials follow the relationship PtMn>IrMn>PdMn>FeMn, highlighting the correlation between the spin-orbit coupling of nonmagnetic species and the magnitude of the spin Hall effect in their antiferromagnetic alloys. These experiments are compared with first-principles calculations. Engineering the properties of the antiferromagnets as well as their interfaces can pave the way for manipulation of the spin dependent transport properties in antiferromagnet-based spintronics.
Cyr61/CCN1 Overexpression Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Leading to Laryngeal Tumor Invasion and Metastasis and Poor Prognosis (2015)

Cyr61 expression is closely associated with LSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of Cyr61 may induce EMT and therefore leads to LSCC invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. Cyr61 may become a new maker for clinical prediction of LSCC invasion and metastasis and a new target for LSCC treatment.
First Non-ATP Competitive Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) Inhibitors:  Thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) has a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective inhibitors which avoid tau hyperphosphorylation may represent an effective therapeutical approach to the AD pharmacotherapy and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe the synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR of the small heterocyclic thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) as the first non-ATP competitive inhibitor of GSK-3beta. Their synthesis is based on the reactivity of sulfenyl chlorides. In GSK-3beta assays, TDZD derivatives showed IC(50) values in the micromolar range, whereas in other protein kinases assays they were devoid of any inhibitory activity. SAR studies allowed the identification of the key structural features. Finally, a possible enzymatic binding mode is proposed.
Overexpression of wound‐responsive RNA‐binding proteins induces leaf senescence and hypersensitive‐like cell death (2008)

Leaf senescence is a form of programmed cell death, and involves regulated expression of a specific set of senescence-associated genes (SAGs). In Arabidopsis, three UBA2 genes, UBA2a, UBA2b, and UBA2c, encode heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-type RNA-binding proteins. Previously, it has been demonstrated that expression of UBA2 genes is induced by mechanical wounding in a splice variant-dependent manner. Constitutive overexpression of the UBA2 genes proved lethal. Accordingly, a conditional gain-of-function system was used here to assess phenotypes related to UBA2 overexpression. Overexpression of each of the three UBA2 genes leads to a leaf yellowing/cell death-like phenotype in Arabidopsis plants. Expression levels of a number of SAGs, such as SAG13, SAG14, SAG15, SAG101, WRKY6, WRKY53, WRKY70, ACS2, ACS6, CML38 and SIRK, were elevated upon induction of UBA2 overexpression, as were transcripts of multiple wounding- and defense-related genes, including EDS1, CK1, JR1, WR3 and MPK3. Elevated ethylene biosynthesis and hypersensitive-like patterns of cell death and callose deposition, shown by Trypan blue and aniline blue staining, respectively, were also observed following induced overexpression of UBA2a, UBA2b, and UBA2c. These results indicate that induction of UBA2 gene expression stimulates leaf yellowing and cell death phenotypes through senescence and defense response pathways.
Characterization of the binding and phosphorylation of cardiac calsequestrin by e protein kinase C1 (1999)

In this study, we report the cloning of the rat cardiac isoform of calsequestrin on the basis of its interaction with an epsilonprotein kinase C-unique sequence (epsilonV1) derived form the epsilonprotein kinase C regulatory domain. Calsequestrin binds activated epsilonprotein kinase C holoenzyme better than the inactive enzyme and nearly three times better than other protein kinase C isozymes. The interaction between epsilonprotein kinase C and calsequestrin is mediated by sequences in both the regulatory and kinase domains of the epsilonprotein kinase C. Finally, we show that calsequestrin is an epsilonprotein kinase C substrate in vitro and protein kinase C phosphorylation of calsequestrin leads to a decreased binding of epsilonprotein kinase C to calsequestrin.
Hemopoietic Stem Cells in Human Peripheral Blood (1975)

A population of lymphocytes, separable from the great majority by virtue of their larger size and their failure to exhibit the rosetting characteristics of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and bursa-equivalent cells, possess true pluripotentiality. On culture in vivo they proliferate and differentiate into erythrocytic, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic progeny. This may be the first clear demonstration of the primitive progenitor blood cell in man.
Antitumor response and new lesions in advanced melanoma patients on ipilimumab treatment (2008)

3020 Background: Antitumor immune responses have been observed in response to ipilimumab (ipi), an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody. Per modified World Health Organization (mWHO) criteria, new lesions during cancer therapy are indicative of progressive disease (PD) and treatment failure. Final data from a single-arm, phase II study showed that ipi-treated patients (pts) with advanced melanoma who developed new lesions can go on to achieve responses with subsequent shrinkage of the new lesions. Methods: All pts were treated in study CA184008 with 10 mg/kg dosing every 3 weeks (Q3W) × 4; eligible pts received 10 mg/kg maintenance Q12W starting at Week (Wk) 24. If PD per mWHO was seen at Wk 12, ipi was withdrawn, but tumor assessments (TAs) continued in some cases for pts who were not switched to other anticancer therapies on-study, or for pts who chose to enter a roll-over study, CA184025. Immune-related response criteria (irRC) were developed based on measurements by independent radiologists. Per irRC, total tumor burden (TB, index + new lesions, when relevant) was compared at each TA to baseline measurements. irRC responses were categorized as complete or partial (irCR/PR) or stable disease (irSD25 - stable TB with > 25% reduction compared with baseline at the last TA). Results: 53/155 pts had a mWHO best overall response of PD and developed new lesions at the first TA (most at Wk 12, some earlier at an unscheduled visit). Of these, 26 were followed beyond mWHO PD at Wk 12 and 7 of these achieved irCR/PR (n = 4) or irSD25 (n = 3). Most of the irRC responders had stable or declining index lesions at Wk 12 despite new lesions. Shrinking and stabilization of new lesions was observed. This was observed in every study in which new-lesion measurements were captured. Conclusions: In pts receiving ipi, new lesions may not always indicate treatment failure, particularly in pts with decreasing or stable index lesions when new lesions appear. Shrinkage and/or eradication of new lesions after they appear has not been described in oncology. New criteria for evaluation of efficacy of ipi and related drugs are needed to fully capture clinical activity and guide treatment choices. irRC require prospective validation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb
Reinforcement Learning for Spoken Dialogue Systems (1999)

Recently, a number of authors have proposed treating dialogue systems as Markov decision processes (MDPs). However, the practical application of MDP algorithms to dialogue systems faces a number of severe technical challenges. We have built a general software tool (RLDS, for Reinforcement Learning for Dialogue Systems) based on the MDP framework, and have applied it to dialogue corpora gathered from two dialogue systems built at AT&amp;amp;T Labs. Our experiments demonstrate that RLDS holds promise as a tool for &amp;quot;browsing&amp;quot; and understanding correlations in complex, temporally dependent dialogue corpora. 1 Introduction Systems in which human users speak to a computer in order to achieve a goal are called spoken dialogue systems. Such systems are some of the few realized examples of openended, real-time, goal-oriented interaction between humans and computers, and are therefore an important and exciting testbed for AI and machine learning research. Spoken dialogue systems typically integrate ma...
Increased lysis of patient CD10-positive leukemic cells by T cells coated with anti-CD3 Fab' antibody cross-linked to anti-CD10 Fab' antibody (1991)

An anti-CD3 Fab' x anti-CD10 Fab' bispecific hybrid F(ab')2 antibody (Ab) was generated. This bispecific Ab had a molecular mass of 100 to 110 Kd, and the capacity to react with both CD3+ T cells and CD10+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. We studied whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could lyse patient CD10+ ALL cells after addition of the bispecific Ab. As effector CTLs, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CTL clones were used. When IL-2-stimulated PBMCs were assayed for cytotoxicity to 61Cr- labeled CD10+ ALL cells, their activity was shown to be markedly enhanced by the addition of the bispecific Ab. Most of the CTL clones established lacked cytotoxicity for CD10+ ALL cells, but addition of the bispecific Ab induced a significant level of cytotoxicity. CTLs derived from ALL patients also showed significant cytotoxicity for autologous CD10+ ALL cells after addition of the bispecific Ab. However, this Ab did not affect the cytotoxicity of CTLs when CD10- leukemic cells were used as the targets. These findings suggest that the bispecific Ab can be used for immunotherapy in patients with CD10+ ALL.
Object-based visual effects by using multi-focus images and its real-time implementation (2002)

We propose a novel approach to image content manipulation which produces special visual effects on objects in a scene. It uses multiple differently focused images and generates a new image by linear filtering of them. The proposed scheme enables us to arbitrarily handle object based visual effects such as blurring, enhancement, shifting, etc. The novelty of this work is that it does not require any segmentation of objects in the scene although it generates special effects selectively applied to the objects. In this paper, the principle and the derivation of the filters are described, the results obtained for real images and its real-time implementation are shown.
Lack of effect of topically applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on epidermal growth in man in vivo (1980)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been applied daily to 6 mm diameter circular epidermal wounds in otherwise healthy adult volunteers, in dosage 5 /ug in O'T ml. Using complete closure of the wounds as an end‐point, no evidence of enhancement of epidermal growth at EGF‐treated sites was evident.
Similarity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes Isolated from Fish Farm Bacteria to Those from Clinical Isolates (2003)

Tetracycline-resistant (Tet(r)) bacteria were isolated from fishes collected at three different fish farms in the southern part of Japan in August and September 2000. Of the 66 Tet(r) gram-negative strains, 29 were identified as carrying tetB only. Four carried tetY, and another four carried tetD. Three strains carried tetC, two strains carried tetB and tetY, and one strain carried tetC and tetG. Sequence analyses indicated the identity in Tet(r) genes between the fish farm bacteria and clinical bacteria: 99.3 to 99.9% for tetB, 98.2 to 100% for tetC, 99.7 to 100% for tetD, 92.0 to 96.2% for tetG, and 97.1 to 100% for tetY. Eleven of the Tet(r) strains transferred Tet(r) genes by conjugation to Escherichia coli HB-101. All transconjugants were resistant to tetracycline, oxycycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. The donors included strains of Photobacterium, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Citrobacter, and Salmonella spp., and they transferred tetB, tetY, or tetD to the recipients. Because NaCl enhanced their growth, these Tet(r) strains, except for the Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, and Salmonella strains, were recognized as marine bacteria. Our results suggest that tet genes from fish farm bacteria have the same origins as those from clinical strains.
A Survey of the Humoral Immune Response of Cancer Patients to a Panel of Human Tumor Antigens (1998)

Evidence is growing for both humoral and cellular immune recognition of human tumor antigens. Antibodies with specificity for antigens initially recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), e.g., MAGE and tyrosinase, have been detected in melanoma patient sera, and CTLs with specificity for NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis (CT) antigen initially identified by autologous antibody, have recently been identified. To establish a screening system for the humoral response to autoimmunogenic tumor antigens, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using recombinant NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, SSX2, Melan-A, and tyrosinase proteins. A survey of sera from 234 cancer patients showed antibodies to NY-ESO-1 in 19 patients, to MAGE-1 in 3, to MAGE-3 in 2, and to SSX2 in 1 patient. No reactivity to these antigens was found in sera from 70 normal individuals. The frequency of NY-ESO-1 antibody was 9.4% in melanoma patients and 12.5% in ovarian cancer patients. Comparison of tumor NY-ESO-1 phenotype and NY-ESO-1 antibody response in 62 stage IV melanoma patients showed that all patients with NY-ESO-1(+) antibody had NY-ESO-1(+) tumors, and no patients with NY-ESO-1(-) tumors had NY-ESO-1 antibody. As the proportion of melanomas expressing NY-ESO-1 is 20-40% and only patients with NY-ESO-1(+) tumors have antibody, this would suggest that a high percentage of patients with NY-ESO-1(+) tumors develop an antibody response to NY-ESO-1.
Thanks to our reviewers (2011)

Peer review remains at the heart of biomedical publication. As problematic and flawed as the process may be, careful scrutiny of your work by intelligent and supportive peers is a stalwart defense against mediocre science and a reasonable …
Topoisomerase IIα Gene Amplification Predicts Favorable Treatment Response to Tailored and Dose-Escalated Anthracycline-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy in HER-2/neu–Amplified Breast Cancer: Scandinavian Breast Group Trial 9401 (2006)

Coamplification of HER-2/neu and TOP2A may define a subgroup of high-risk breast cancer patients who benefit from individually tailored and dose-escalated adjuvant anthracyclines.
Use of the Kohonen Self-organizing Map to Study the Mechanisms of Action of Chemotherapeutic Agents (1994)

Our results indicate that the activity patterns obtained from the screen contain detailed information about mechanism of action and its basis in chemical structure. The self-organizing map can be used to suggest the mechanism of action of compounds identified by the screen as potentially useful chemotherapeutic agents and to probe the biology of the cell lines in the cancer screen. Kohonen self-organizing maps, unlike the previously applied neural networks, preserve and reveal the relationships among compounds acting by similar mechanisms and therefore have the potential to identify compounds that act by novel cytotoxic mechanisms.
Discipline: The Most Important Subject We Teach (1988)

This book offers a practical, realistic and positive guide for both prospective and experienced teachers working to improve their classroom management skills. Contents: Critical Incidents in Teaching; Discipline, the Most Important Subject We Teach; The Extent of the Problem; Why Students Misbehave; Discipline and the First-Year Teacher; Discipline and What You Might Share With Parents; A Perspective on Discipline; Ten Principles for Working with Adolescents; Punishment, A Legitimate Part of Teaching? Swearing, Lying, and Cheating: Developing a Conceptual Framework From Which to React; A Message from Those Who Survive; Models of Discipline; We Have Support to Do the Job We Need to Do! Role Playing and Discipline; A Final Word for Educators.
Daily oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation for vitamin D deficiency in haemodialysis patients: effects on mineral metabolism and bone markers (2008)

With a daily dose ranging from 10 to 30 microg, daily oral 25(OH)D(3) supplementation corrects most vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in HD patients, without any evident toxicity. The main effects observed included correction of excessive bone turnover, despite less alfacalcidol administration, increase in serum albumin level and increase in the percentage of patients with serum calcium and phosphorus levels within the recommendation of the KDOQI guidelines.
Velocity–porosity relationships: Predictive velocity model for cemented sands composed of multiple mineral phases (2005)

ABSTRACT Computer simulations are used to calculate the elastic properties of model cemented sandstones composed of two or more mineral phases. Two idealized models are considered – a grain‐overlap clay/quartz mix and a pore‐lining clay/quartz mix. Unlike experimental data, the numerical data exhibit little noise yet cover a wide range of quartz/cement ratios and porosities. The results of the computations are in good agreement with experimental data for clay‐bearing consolidated sandstones. The effective modulus of solid mineral mixtures is found to be relatively insensitive to microstructural detail. It is shown that the Hashin–Shtrikman average is a good estimate for the modulus of the solid mineral mixtures. The distribution of the cement phase is found to have little effect on the computed modulus–porosity relationships. Numerical data for dry and saturated states confirm that Gassmann's equations remain valid for porous materials composed of multiple solid constituents. As noted previously, the Krief relationship successfully describes the porosity dependence of the dry shear modulus, and a recent empirical relationship provides a good estimate for the dry‐rock Poisson's ratio. From the numerical computations, a new empirical model, which requires only a knowledge of system mineralogy, is proposed for the modulus–porosity relationship of isotropic dry or fluid‐saturated porous materials composed of multiple solid constituents. Comparisons with experimental data for clean and shaly sandstones and computations for more complex, three‐mineral (quartz/dolomite/clay) systems show good agreement with the proposed model over a very wide range of porosities.
Properties of glycans that activate the human alternative complement pathway and interact with the human monocyte beta-glucan receptor. (1985)

The glycans used in an earlier study to define the ligand specificity of the human monocyte phagocytic receptor for unopsonized particulate activators were assessed for their capacities to activate the proteins of the human alternative complement pathway. Normal human serum was preincubated with glycans under conditions of chelation to prevent activation of the classical complement pathway, and the activation-depletion of the alternative complement pathway was determined by the subsequent capacity of the serum to lyse rabbit erythrocytes (Er). When serum was preincubated at a 1/2 dilution in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg with increasing numbers of yeast glucan or zymosan particles, and was evaluated at final serum dilutions of 1/8, its capacity to lyse Er was found to be reduced by 50% with 1.9 X 10(6)/ml yeast glucan particles and 1.4 X 10(6)/ml zymosan particles. At 2 mg/ml of serum diluted 1/2 in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg, nonturbid preparations of mannan, laminarin, or pyrogen-free inulin and turbid suspensions of cellulose, Sephadex, agarose, or purified inulin failed to activate the alternative complement pathway. In contrast, activation-depletion of the alternative pathway was induced by turbid preparations of crude inulin, nigeran, pachyman, barley beta-glucan, and pustulan, which at 700 micrograms/ml, 500 micrograms/ml, 350 micrograms/ml, 60 micrograms/ml, and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, effected 50% reductions in the subsequent lysis of Er. After centrifugation of 2 mg/ml suspensions of barley beta-glucan at 1100 X G for 5 min and at 15,000 X G for 15 min, the supernatants contained 90 to 92% and 65% of the barley beta-glucan, respectively, as determined by the anthrone method. On a weight basis, the 1100 X G supernatant exhibited the same capacity to activate the alternative pathway as the corresponding original suspension, whereas the 15,000 X G supernatants had less than 3% of the original anti-complementary activity. Preincubation of adherent human monocytes with increasing concentrations of barley beta-glucan suspensions, 100,000 X G supernatants containing 64% of the original beta-glucan, and laminarin all decreased subsequent ingestion of 1.25 X 10(6) zymosan particles in a dose-related fashion. The numbers of monocytes from three different donors phagocytosing zymosan were reduced by 50% after pretreatment with 30 to 65 micrograms/ml, 25 to 48 micrograms/ml, and 12 to 15 micrograms/ml of barley beta-glucan suspensions, 100,000 X G supernatants of barley beta-glucan, and laminarin, respectively, even though the latter two preparations were fully soluble and had no capacity to activate the alternative pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Differential effects of ethanol antagonism and neuroprotection in peptide fragment NAPVSIPQ prevention of ethanol-induced developmental toxicity (2003)

NAPVSIPQ (NAP), an active fragment of the glial-derived activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, is protective at femtomolar concentrations against a wide array of neural insults and prevents ethanol-induced fetal wastage and growth retardation in mice. NAP also antagonizes ethanol inhibition of L1-mediated cell adhesion (ethanol antagonism). We performed an Ala scanning substitution of NAP to determine the role of ethanol antagonism and neuroprotection in NAP prevention of ethanol embryotoxicity. The Ser-Ile-Pro region of NAP was crucial for both ethanol antagonism and protection of cortical neurons from tetrodotoxin toxicity (neuroprotection). Ala replacement of either Ser-5 or Pro-7 (P7A-NAP) abolished NAP neuroprotection but minimally changed the efficacy of NAP ethanol antagonism. In contrast, Ala replacement of Ile-6 (I6A-NAP) caused a decrease in potency (>2 logarithmic orders) with only a small reduction (<10%) in the efficacy of NAP neuroprotection but markedly reduced the efficacy (50%) and the potency (5 logarithmic orders) of NAP ethanol antagonism. Ethanol significantly reduced the number of paired somites in mouse whole-embryo culture; this effect was prevented significantly by 100 pM NAP or by 100 pM P7A-NAP, but not by 100 pM I6A-NAP. The structure-activity relation for NAP prevention of ethanol embryotoxicity was similar to that for NAP ethanol antagonism and different from that for NAP neuroprotection. These findings support the hypothesis that NAP antagonism of ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion plays a central role in NAP prevention of ethanol embryotoxicity and highlight the potential importance of ethanol effects on L1 in the pathophysiology of fetal alcohol syndrome.