gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific suppressive factors produced by hybridomas derived from the fusion of enriched suppressor T cells and a T lymphoma cell line (1978)

A cell fusion technique was used to produce hybridomas between the T lymphoma cell line, EL-4, derived from C57BL (H-2(b)), and an enriched population of human gamma globulin (HGG)-specific suppressor T cells prepared from the spleens of HGG-tolerant CBA mice (H-2(k)). Membrane fluorescence analysis of the hybridoma cells within 6 wk of cell fusion revealed expression of H-2(k) and I-J(k) gene products as well as H-2(b) antigens. Sonicates prepared from hybridomas which contained I-J(k) cells were tested for suppressive activity in vivo in irradiated mice given HGG-primed cells, dinitrophenyl (DNP)-primed cells, HGG-DNP, and horse erythrocytes. Among 18 such hybridoma lines, 6 showed specific suppressive activity, 5 nonspecific suppression, and 7 no suppression. Most lines progressively lost, with time, those properties derived from the normal parent cell. By about 3 mo after fusion few cells expressed CBA markers and only one cell line (number 77) retained some specific suppressive activity. In parallel with the losses was an alteration in chromosome number from near-tetraploid, soon after cell fusion, to near- diploid. Preliminary results with the T lymphoma-sensitive hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine cell line, L5178, indicate retention of the expression of surface markers derived from the normal parent for 18 wk after hybidization. This suggests that T lymphoma cell lines may have to be screened for their capacity to produce hybridomas with stable properties.
The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus (1997)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is not only critical to the biology of hepatitis B virus (HBV), it is also the basis of the currently available vaccines, assays to detect it in serum are crucial for diagnosis of infection and antibodies against it are used clinically to suppress infection of transplanted livers. All of these rely on antigenic interactions between HBsAg and HBsAb. Thus, it should not be surprise that changes in epitopes will affect all these situations. It is useful to classify such changes simplistically as variants, found in natural isolates, and mutants, which are observed to emerge, usually under immunological pressure, often medical in origin. The former tend to affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays and the latter allow escape of viruses in vaccinees and those being treated with HBsAb. The majority of these changes cluster in the hydrophilic central core of HBsAg, from aa99 up to 169. They are gaining importance as causes of mistaken diagnosis and are associated with infection of vaccinees and transplanted livers. There is a danger that they will become the dominant strains as vaccination becomes universal. More data are required on the epidemiology and antigenicity of these changes.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRON-IRRADIATED ALUMINUM SINGLE CRYSTALS AT 23°K (1965)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kanji Ono, M. Meshii; EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRON‐IRRADIATED ALUMINUM SINGLE CRYSTALS AT 23°K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 October 1965; 7 (7): 191–193. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754373 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Cyclin B mRNA depletion only transiently inhibits the Xenopus embryonic cell cycle (1991)

The control of the cell cycle is dependent on the ability to synthesize and degrade proteins called cyclins. When antisense oligonucleotides are used to deplete Xenopus embryos of mRNA encoding cyclin B protein, embryonic cleavage is inhibited. Surprisingly, after missing several rounds of cleavage, the cell cycle and cell division resumes. These studies indicate that the early embryonic cell cycle can proceed with undetectable levels of cyclin B encoding mRNA. In contrast, other events of normal development, including the activation of embryonic transcription and gastrulation, are inhibited.
Inactivation of the N-myc gene product by single amino acid substitution of leucine residues located in the leucine-zipper region. (1989)

To verify the importance of the hypothetical leucine-zipper structure in the N-myc protein, a series of mutants of the mouse N-myc gene were constructed, in which codons for the first and second leucine residues within this structure were systematically replaced by other amino acids. The expression plasmids which contained the mutated and wild type N-myc genes were cotransfected into rat embryo cells with activated c-Ha-ras gene and their transforming abilities were compared. It was shown that single amino acid substitutions in the leucine-zipper region inactivate the transforming ability of the N-myc gene product. In particular, proline, which is known to disrupt an alpha-helical structure, completely inactivated the transforming activity even when it was substituted for another amino acid located between these two leucine residues. Among several amino acid species used for substitution of the leucine residues, only methionine was able to retain the transforming activities in both the first and second leucine positions, although the activity was reduced as compared with wild-type N-myc gene product. It also appeared that the integrity of the first leucine is more important than the second leucine. Our results provide experimental evidence for the physiological importance of the hypothetical leucine-zipper structure.
Nanofabrication, effects and sensors based on micro-electro-mechanical systems technology (2013)

In this paper, our investigation of nanofabrication, effects and sensors based on the traditional micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been reviewed. Thanks to high selectivity in anisotropic etching and sacrificial layer processes, nanostructures such as nanobeams and nanowires have been fabricated in top-down batch process, in which beams with thickness of only 20 nm and nanowires whose width and thickness is only 20 nm were achieved. With the help of MEMS chip, the scale effect of Young's modulus in silicon has been studied and confirmed directly in a tensile experiment using electron microscopy. Because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and small size, silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have been shown as one of the most promising electronic devices and ultrasensitive detectors in biological applications. We demonstrated that an SiNW-FET sensor can reveal ultrahigh sensitivity for rapid and reliable detection of 0.1 fM of target DNA with high specificity. All these indicate that the MEMS technology can pave the way to nanoapplications with its advantages of batch production, low cost and high performance.
The carboxyl-terminal part of the putative Berne virus polymerase is expressed by ribosomal frameshifting and contains sequence motifs which indicate that toro- and coronaviruses are evolutionary related (1990)

Sequence analysis of the 3' part (8 kb) of the polymerase gene of the torovirus prototype Berne virus (BEV) revealed that this area contains at least two open reading frames (provisionally designated ORF1a and ORF1b) which overlap by 12 nucleotides. The complete sequence of ORF1b (6873 nucleotides) was determined. Like the coronaviruses, BEV was shown to express its ORF1b by ribosomal frameshifting during translation of the genomic RNA. The predicted tertiary RNA structure (a pseudoknot) in the toro- and coronaviral frameshift-directing region is similar. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the predicted BEV ORF1b translation product revealed homology with the ORF1b product of coronaviruses. Four conserved domains were identified: the putative polymerase domain, an area containing conserved cysteine and histidine residues, a putative helicase motif, and a domain which seems to be unique for toro- and coronaviruses. The data on the 3' part of the polymerase gene of BEV supplement previously observed similarities between toro- and coronaviruses at the level of genome organization and expression. The two virus families are more closely related to each other than to other families of positive-stranded RNA viruses.
Reconfigurable physical unclonable function based on probabilistic switching of RRAM (2015)

The probabilistic switching of resistive random access memory (RRAM) can be utilised to implement physical unclonable functions (PUFs). By setting the operation condition at a switching probability of 50%, devices in a RRAM array are randomly settled into state ‘0’ or ‘1’ after programming. The RRAM switching probability provides a natural source of randomness that could be exploited in the PUF to generate security primitives. The feasibility and characteristics of the proposed PUF are analysed by simulation based on measured RRAM switching probability. With good scalability and stochastic mechanisms, RRAM may prove to be a promising candidate for security applications.
Signaling abnormalities, apoptosis, and reduced proliferation of circulating and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with oral carcinoma. (2002)

We have reported earlier that T cells found in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer showed evidence of apoptosis as well as decreased expression of signaling molecules. In this prospective study, spontaneous apoptosis in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and in paired circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was evaluated in 28 patients with oral carcinoma and correlated with zeta-chain expression and anti-CD3 antibody-induced proliferation of the PBL obtained from each patient. In addition, expression of CD3, CD4, and CD8 molecules on TIL and Fas ligand (FasL) on the tumor was studied by immunohistochemistry. Soluble FasL was measured in the patients' sera. PBL obtained from 20 age-matched normal donors was used as a control. Reduced zeta-chain expression was observed in TIL-T of 9 of 28 patients and in PBL-T of 12 of 28 patients. Low zeta expression in autologous TIL-T and PBL-T was correlated (P < 0.0012), and it was associated with high levels of expression of FasL on the tumor (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0013, respectively). Low zeta expression in PBL-T was also associated with the poor ability of these cells to proliferate in response to anti-CD3 antibodies (P = 0.0012). Increased proportions of apoptotic cells were detected in PBL of 6 of 28 (21%) patients versus 13 of 28 patients (46%) in TIL. Apoptosis in autologous PBL and TIL was found to correlate (P = 0.0322) and was significantly associated with reduced zeta-chain expression. Serum levels of soluble FasL were decreased in patients relative to normal controls but did not correlate with PBL apoptosis or FasL expression on the tumor. Decreased expression of TcR-associated zeta chain, depressed immune function, and apoptosis of T cells were observed to occur concomitantly in TIL and circulating PBL-T of a subset of patients with oral carcinoma. These alterations correlated with high levels of FasL expression on the tumor but not with the disease stage. The results suggest that tumor exerts systemic suppressive effects on immune cells, which may be, in part, mediated via the Fas/FasL pathway.
Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Metabolism and the Influence of Arginine on Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Synthesis, Biofilm Formation, and Pathogenesis (2007)

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the leading causes of nosocomial infections in the United States and often are associated with biofilms attached to indwelling medical devices. Despite the importance of biofilms, there is very little consensus about the metabolic requirements of S. aureus during biofilm growth. To assess the metabolic requirements of S. aureus growing in a biofilm, we grew USA200 and USA300 clonal types in biofilm flow cells and measured the extraction and accumulation of metabolites. In spite of the genetic differences, both clonal types extracted glucose and accumulated lactate, acetate, formate, and acetoin, suggesting that glucose was catabolized to pyruvate that was then catabolized via the lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate formate-lyase, and butanediol pathways. Additionally, both clonal types selectively extracted the same six amino acids (serine, proline, arginine, glutamine, glycine, and threonine) from the culture medium. These data and recent speculation about the importance of arginine in biofilm growth and the function of arginine deiminase in USA300 clones led us to genetically inactivate the sole copy of the arginine deiminase operon by deleting the arginine/ornithine antiporter gene (arcD) in the USA200 clonal type and to assess the effect on biofilm development and pathogenesis. Although inactivation of arcD did completely inhibit arginine transport and did reduce polysaccharide intercellular adhesin accumulation, arcD mutants formed biofilms and achieved cell densities in catheter infection studies that were equivalent to those for isogenic wild-type strains.
Glykamine von Ursol‐ und 18β‐Glycyrrhetinsäure (1979)

Abstract 3‐Amino‐3‐desoxo‐ursol‐ (2) , 3‐Amino‐3‐desoxo‐11‐oxoursol‐ (5) und 3‐Amino‐3‐desoxoglycyrrhetinsäure (3) , jeweils erhalten durch reduktive Aminierung der 3‐Oxoverbindungen, werden mit d‐Glucose und d‐Ribose in Gegenwart von Natriumcyanoborhydrid zu den Glykaminen 3‐Desoxotriterpensäure‐3β‐yl‐1′‐amino‐1′‐desoxo‐d‐sorbitol. HCl 6, 8, 10 bzw. ‐d‐ribitol. HCl 7, 9, 11 umgesetzt. Die chemischen Eigenschaften der Glykamine werden beschrieben. Zum geschmacklichen Vergleich wird ferner 3ß‐Diethylamino‐3‐desoxo‐18ß‐glycyrrhetinsäure. HCl (12) hergestellt.
Introductory polymer chemistry (1994)

Focuses on polymer chemistry. This text is suitable for students who have studied in an Indian University for a BSc degree.
YAPI, a New Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Pathogenicity Island (2004)

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are chromosomal clusters of pathogen-specific virulence genes often found at tRNA loci. In the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 32777 chromosome, we characterized a 98-kb segment that has all of the characteristic features of a PAI, including insertion in a (phenylalanine) tRNA gene, the presence of a bacteriophage-like integrase-encoding gene, and direct repeats at the integration sites. The G+C content of the segment ranges from 31 to 60%, reflecting a genetic mosaic: this is consistent with the notion that the sequences were horizontally acquired. The PAI, termed YAPI (for Yersinia adhesion pathogenicity island), carries 95 open reading frames and includes (i) the previously described pil operon, encoding a type IV pilus that contributes to pathogenicity (F. Collyn et al., Infect. Immun. 70:6196-6205, 2002); (ii) a block of genes potentially involved in general metabolism; (iii) a gene cluster for a restriction-modification system; and (iv) a large number of mobile genetic elements. Furthermore, the PAI can excise itself from the chromosome at low frequency and in a precise manner, and deletion does not result in a significant decrease of bacterial virulence compared to inactivation of the fimbrial gene cluster alone. The prevalence and size of the PAI vary from one Y. pseudotuberculosis strain to another, and it can be found integrated into either of the two phe tRNA loci present on the species' chromosome. YAPI was not detected in the genome of the genetically closely related species Y. pestis, whereas a homologous PAI is harbored by the Y. enterocolitica chromosome.
Effect of structure of the initiator codon on translation in E. coli (1988)

A set of plasmids carrying different initiator codons--either AUG, or GUG, or UUG, or CUG (as a control) in the hybrid gene lacIZ--was constructed by using synthetic oligonucleotides. GUG and UUG codons were demonstrated to be 2-3 times less effective than AUG in translation initiation. Furthermore, the correlation between the efficiencies of different initiator codons in translation initiation proved to vary, depending on the phase of bacterial growth. The rarely occurring usage in nature of the initiator codons GUG and UUG is supposed to be due to the particular role played by the initiator triplets in regulation of gene expression.
Oral colon-specific drug delivery: Design strategies (1994)

L'interet pour le potentiel des formes orales capables de controler le site de liberation est croissant. A cet egard, des medicaments a liberation specifique du principe actif au niveau du colon ont ete proposes pour le traitement local des inflammations de l'intestin, le controle de la croissance microbienne du colon et l'amelioration de la biodisponibilite des polypeptides et des proteines administrees oralement. On a propose plusieurs solutions, y compris l'emploi de prodrugs, d'enrobages degradables par l'activite enzymatique de la flore microbienne et d'enrobages polymetriques qui se dissolvent a pH specifiques
CRISPR-offinder: a CRISPR guide RNA design and off-target searching tool for user-defined protospacer adjacent motif (2017)

Designing efficient and specific CRISPR single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) is vital for the successful application of CRISPR technology. Currently, a growing number of new RNA-guided endonucleases with a different protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) have been discovered, suggesting the necessity to develop a versatile tool for designing sgRNA to meet the requirement of different RNA-guided DNA endonucleases. Here, we report the development of a flexible sgRNA design program named "CRISPR-offinder". Support for user-defined PAM and sgRNA length was provided to increase the targeting range and specificity. Additionally, evaluation of on- and off-target scoring algorithms was integrated into the CRISPR-offinder. The CRISPR-offinder has provided the bench biologist a rapid and efficient tool for identification of high quality target sites, and it is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/crispr-offinder-v1-2/ or http://www.biootools.com.
Studies on antimicrobial activity of semicarbazones and their metal complexes (2010)

A few semicarbazone ligands and their Co(II), Cu(II),Pd(II) and Hg(II) complexes have been screened for antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+ve) and Gram(-ve) bacterial and fungal species. The metal complexes are found to have higher activity than the ligands. Further, the metal complexes exert differential activity against the organisms studied and the results obtained are discussed.
Open-Label Trial of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2010)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00233519.
The xCELLigence System for Real-Time and Label-Free Monitoring of Cell Viability (2011)

We describe here the use of the xCELLigence system for label-free and real-time monitoring of cell ­viability. The xCELLigence system uses specially designed microtiter plates containing interdigitated gold microelectrodes to noninvasively monitor the viability of cultured cells using electrical impedance as the readout. The continuous monitoring of cell viability by the xCELLigence system makes it possible to distinguish between different perturbations of cell viability, such as senescence, cell toxicity (cell death), and reduced proliferation (cell cycle arrest). In addition, the time resolution of the xCELLigence system allows for the determination of optimal time points to perform standard cell viability assays as well as other end-point assays to understand the mode of action. We have used the WST-1 assay (end-point viability readout), the cell index determination (continuous monitoring of viability by xCELLigence), and the DNA fragmentation assay (end-point apoptosis assay) to systematically examine cytotoxic effects triggered by two cytotoxic compounds with different cell-killing kinetics. Good correlation was observed for viability readouts between WST-1 and cell index. The significance of time resolution by xCELLigence readout is exemplified by its ability to pinpoint the optimal time points for conducting end point viability and apoptosis assays.
cDNA encoding the major mite allergen Der f II (1991)

cDNA encoding the major house dust mite allergen Der f II from Dermatophagoides farinae was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and cloned into E. coli. It encoded a 129-residue protein with a calculated molecular weight of 14,021 D and had the expected high homology (88%) with Der p II including the absence of N-glycosylation sites and conserved cysteine residues. These results are consistent with the high degree of antibody crossreactivity and may help identify the differences in T-cell epitopes revealed for these molecules so far.
RALPH: rapidly adapting lateral position handler (2002)

Nearly 15,000 people die each year in the US in single vehicle roadway departure crashes. These accidents are often caused by driver inattention, or driver impairment (e.g. fatigued or intoxicated drivers). A system capable of warning the driver when the vehicle starts to depart the roadway, or controlling the lateral position of the vehicle to keep it in its lane, could potentially eliminate many of these crashes. This paper presents a system called RALPH (Rapidly Adapting Lateral Position Handler) which decomposes the problem of steering a vehicle into three steps, 1) sampling of the image, 2) determining the road curvature, and 3) determining the lateral offset of the vehicle relative to the lane center. The output of the later two steps are combined into a steering command, which can be compared with the human driver's current steering direction as part of a road departure warning system, or sent directly to the steering motor.
Cadmium-Induced Anemia in Growing Pigs: Protective Effect of Oral or Parenteral Iron (1973)

Forty-Two weanling Yorkshire pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of oral or injected Fe on the anemia and growth depression induced by dietary Cd. In both experiments 154 ppm Cd (as CdCl2) added to a corn-soybean meal diet significantly (P<.01) depressed hemoglobin; in experiment 2, daily weight gain and feed consumption were significantly (P<.01) depressed by Cd. The depression in hemoglobin induced by Cd was prevented by oral (400 ppm Fe as FeSO4•7H2O) or intramuscular (800 mg Fe as iron dextrin) Fe (experiment 1) or by intramuscular (1,000 mg Fe as iron dextrin) Fe (experiment 2). Daily weight gain of pigs fed the basal diet was not significantly different from that of pigs fed Cd when Fe was injected (experiment 2). Oral Fe was incorporated into the feed throughout the experiment; parenteral Fe was administered as a single intramuscular injection on day 1 of each experiment. The protective effect of Fe on Cd-induced anemia observed previously in the rat is apparently operative in the pig as well.