gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haemopoietic growth factors (1989)

The growth and development of mature blood cells in vitro is supported by a series of glycoproteins with a range of biological activities. Many of these growth factors have been molecularly cloned, purified to homogeneity, and their biological effects determined on various target cells. Some of these growth factors promote the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent stem cells; others are more restricted in their action and, when used alone, can support only the development of lneage-restricted progenitor cells. When used in combinations however, the spectrum of target cells supported by these growth factors can be considerably enlarged. Furthermore, other molecules (which are not themselves growth promoters for multipotent stem cells) can synergise with these growth factors and permit primitive cells to undergo proliferation and development. These findings are likely to have major therapeutic implications.
Metro: Measuring Error on Simplified Surfaces (1998)

This paper presents a new tool, Metro, designed to compensate for a deficiency in many simplification methods proposed in literature. Metro allows one to compare the difference between a pair of surfaces (e.g. a triangulated mesh and its simplified representation) by adopting a surface sampling approach. It has been designed as a highly general tool, and it does no assumption on the particular approach used to build the simplified representation. It returns both numerical results (meshes areas and volumes, maximum and mean error, etc.) and visual results, by coloring the input surface according to the approximation error.
Fragrance Release from the Surface of Branched Poly (Amide) S (2005)

Enzymes are powerful tools in organic synthesis that are able to catalyse a wide variety of selective chemical transformations under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. Enzymes such as the lipases have also found applications in the synthesis and degradation of polymeric materials. However, the use of these natural catalysts in the synthesis and the post-synthetic modification of dendrimers and hyperbranched molecules is an application of chemistry yet to be explored extensively. In this study the use of two hydrolytic enzymes, a lipase from Candida cylindracea and a cutinase from Fusarium solani pisii, were investigated in the selective cleavage of ester groups situated on the peripheral layer of two families of branched polyamides. These branched polyamides were conjugated to simple fragrances citronellol and L-menthol via ester linkages. Hydrolysis of the ester linkage between the fragrances and the branched polyamide support was carried out in aqueous buffered systems at slightly basic pH values under the optimum operative conditions for the enzymes used. These preliminary qualitative investigations revealed that partial cleavage of the ester functionalities from the branched polyamide support had occurred. However, the ability of the enzymes to interact with the substrates decreased considerably as the branching density, the rigidity of the structure and the bulkiness of the polyamide-fragrance conjugates increased.
Diagnosis of early dementia by the Double Memory Test (1997)

CCR has substantially higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of early dementia than memory tests that do not coordinate acquisition and retrieval. Superior discrimination by CCR is due to an encoding specificity deficit in dementia that increases the difference in recall by cases and controls. CCR is an efficient test with excellent discriminative validity that should facilitate diagnosis of early dementia.
(E)-3-(2-(N-Phenylcarbamoyl)vinyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives. A Novel Class of Glycine Site Antagonists (1998)

The synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of novel (E)-3-(2-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)-vinyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids bearing alkyl, acyl, alkoxy, phenyl, and halo substituents at the 4- and 5-positions of the pyrrole ring are reported. These compounds were studied for their in vitro affinity at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. In the [3H]glycine binding assay (E)-4,5-dibromo-3-(2-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)vinyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 6w (pKi = 7.95 +/- 0.01) and the 4-bromo-5-methyl 6j (pKi = 7.24 +/- 0.01) and 4,5-dimethyl 6g (pKi = 6.70 +/- 0.03) analogues were the most active compounds of the series. Qualitative structure-activity analysis points to a negative correlation between bulk of the C-4 and C-5 substituents and affinity which is enhanced by halo-substituents. QSAR analysis by the Hansch descriptors F, R, pi, and MR, on a subset of compounds with pKi > or = 4, indicates that electron-withdrawing groups at C-4 and C-5 enhance the affinity. Bulk and lipophilicity are also relevant for the substituents at these positions. 6g was found to be a full antagonist (alpha = 0; enhancement of the [3H]TCP binding). The in vivo potency of 6g, 6j, and 6w was evaluated by the inhibition of NMDA-induced convulsions in mice by both the i.v. and po routes; 6w was the most active compound (ED50 = 3 x 10(-3) (0.8-10) g/kg, i.v. and 30 x 10(-3) (4.5-61) g/kg, p.o.). The results of this study indicate that the 3,4-disubstitutedpyrrole-2-carboxylate represents a novel template for the design of new glycine antagonists.
The Novels of Jorge Volpi and the Possibility of Knowledge (2000)

This is the publisher's version, copyright by the Department of English, Georgia State University.
The KDEL receptor: New functions for an old protein (2009)

The KDEL receptor is a seven-transmembrane-domain protein that was first described about 20 years ago. Its well-known function is to retrotransport chaperones from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recent studies, however, have suggested that the KDEL receptor has additional functions. Indeed, we have demonstrated that chaperone-bound KDEL receptor triggers the activation of Src family kinases on the Golgi complex. This activity is essential in the regulation of Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport. However, the identification of different KDEL receptor interactors that are inconsistent with these established functions opens the possibility of further receptor activities.
MANNOSIDOSIS: CLINICAL, FINE‐STRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN THREE CASES (1973)

SUMMARY Three boys, 4, 5, and 10 years old, with psycho‐motor retardation, slightly gargoyle‐like faces and recurrent infections were found to have vacuolized lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow as well as diffuse skeletal alterations. Electron microscopy of liver biopsy specimens revealed vacuoles, presumably representing enlarged lysosomes engorged with storage material. The liver. a‐mannosidase activity was somewhat low but not absent, while several other acid hydrolases in the liver had very high activities. The a‐mannosidase activity was low also in white blood cells but not in plasma or urine. The liver and urine contained very high amounts of mannose‐rich compounds. It is concluded that the patients suffer from man‐nosidosis.
Two distinct classes of carbohydrate-recognition domains in animal lectins. (1988)

Les lectines sont des proteines non enzymatiques qui fixent selectivement des structures carbohydrates specifiques. Description de 2 categories de lectines animales: les lectines de type C, calcium-dependantes et les lectines de type S, thiol-dependantes
The gene 1.2 protein of bacteriophage T7 interacts with the Escherichia coli dGTP triphosphohydrolase to form a GTP-binding protein. (1990)

Escherichia coli encodes a dGTP triphosphohydrolase (dGTPase) that cleaves dGTP to deoxyguanosine and tripolyphosphate. dGTP is hydrolyzed with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 5 microM and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 1.8 mumols/min/mg. The ribonucleotide GTP is a poor substrate with a much lower affinity. It is hydrolyzed with a Km of 150 microM and Vmax of 0.07 mumols/min/mg. Bacteriophage T7 encodes a specific inhibitor of dGTPase, the gene 1.2 protein, that forms a tight complex with the enzyme. The enzyme-inhibitor complex binds dGTP with a dissociation constant (KD) of 1.5 microM, but the bound dGTP is not hydrolyzed. It remains stably bound to the complex with a half-life of approximately 5 min. In contrast, dGTP is unable to bind to gene 1.2 protein alone, and dGTP bound to dGTPase alone is quickly hydrolyzed and released. Surprisingly, the dGTPase-gene 1.2 protein complex has a higher affinity for GTP than for dGTP. GTP is stably bound to the dGTPase-gene 1.2 protein complex with a half-life greater than 30 min and KD of 0.8 microM; GTP is not stably bound to either dGTPase or gene 1.2 protein alone. Both GTP and dGTP bind to and stabilize the dGTPase-gene 1.2 protein complex, inhibiting its dissociation. Although the presence of dGTP induces conformation changes in dGTPase so that it is unable to associate with the gene 1.2 protein, saturating concentrations of GTP have no such effect. The enzyme efficiently associates with its inhibitor in the presence of GTP. These results indicate that E. coli dGTPase and gene 1.2 protein interact to form a high affinity GTP-binding site. dGTP is most effective in preventing the association of the enzyme with the inhibitor whereas GTP is most effective in preventing the dissociation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex.
International Multidimensional Authenticity Specification (IMAS) Algorithm for Detection of Commercial Pomegranate Juice Adulteration (2009)

The pomegranate fruit ( Punica granatum ) has become an international high-value crop for the production of commercial pomegranate juice (PJ). The perceived consumer value of PJ is due in large part to its potential health benefits based on a significant body of medical research conducted with authentic PJ. To establish criteria for authenticating PJ, a new International Multidimensional Authenticity Specifications (IMAS) algorithm was developed through consideration of existing databases and comprehensive chemical characterization of 45 commercial juice samples from 23 different manufacturers in the United States. In addition to analysis of commercial juice samples obtained in the United States, data from other analyses of pomegranate juice and fruits including samples from Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Syria, India, and China were considered in developing this protocol. There is universal agreement that the presence of a highly constant group of six anthocyanins together with punicalagins characterizes polyphenols in PJ. At a total sugar concentration of 16 degrees Brix, PJ contains characteristic sugars including mannitol at >0.3 g/100 mL. Ratios of glucose to mannitol of 4-15 and of glucose to fructose of 0.8-1.0 are also characteristic of PJ. In addition, no sucrose should be present because of isomerase activity during commercial processing. Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry as > -25 per thousand assures that there is no added corn or cane sugar added to PJ. Sorbitol was present at <0.025 g/100 mL; maltose and tartaric acid were not detected. The presence of the amino acid proline at >25 mg/L is indicative of added grape products. Malic acid at >0.1 g/100 mL indicates adulteration with apple, pear, grape, cherry, plum, or aronia juice. Other adulteration methods include the addition of highly concentrated aronia, blueberry, or blackberry juices or natural grape pigments to poor-quality juices to imitate the color of pomegranate juice, which results in abnormal anthocyanin profiles. To adjust the astringent taste of poor-quality juice or peel extract, addition of nonpomegranate sugars is a commonly detected adulteration method. The profile generated from these analyses combined with information from existing databases and published literature has been integrated into a validated IMAS for PJ, which can be utilized to detect PJ adulteration. In this survey of commercial pomegranate juices, only 6 of 23 strictly met all of the IMAS criteria.
Relationships between glycation and oxidation related fluorescences in rat collagen during aging. An in vivo and in vitro study. (1994)

The in vivo results of this study confirm that nonenzymatic reactions, glycation and oxidation, significantly modify collagen fluorescence during aging and can play a role in tissue damage related to age. The close relationships among fluorescences may be due to a reciprocal interconnection rather than to a parallel increase of both reactions during aging; this hypothesis is supported by the in vitro findings of this study.
Humans Lack iGb3 Due to the Absence of Functional iGb3-Synthase: Implications for NKT Cell Development and Transplantation (2008)

The glycosphingolipid isoglobotrihexosylceramide, or isogloboside 3 (iGb3), is believed to be critical for natural killer T (NKT) cell development and self-recognition in mice and humans. Furthermore, iGb3 may represent an important obstacle in xenotransplantation, in which this lipid represents the only other form of the major xenoepitope Galalpha(1,3)Gal. The role of iGb3 in NKT cell development is controversial, particularly with one study that suggested that NKT cell development is normal in mice that were rendered deficient for the enzyme iGb3 synthase (iGb3S). We demonstrate that spliced iGb3S mRNA was not detected after extensive analysis of human tissues, and furthermore, the iGb3S gene contains several mutations that render this product nonfunctional. We directly tested the potential functional activity of human iGb3S by expressing chimeric molecules containing the catalytic domain of human iGb3S. These hybrid molecules were unable to synthesize iGb3, due to at least one amino acid substitution. We also demonstrate that purified normal human anti-Gal immunoglobulin G can bind iGb3 lipid and mediate complement lysis of transfected human cells expressing iGb3. Collectively, our data suggest that iGb3S is not expressed in humans, and even if it were expressed, this enzyme would be inactive. Consequently, iGb3 is unlikely to represent a primary natural ligand for NKT cells in humans. Furthermore, the absence of iGb3 in humans implies that it is another source of foreign Galalpha(1,3)Gal xenoantigen, with obvious significance in the field of xenotransplantation.
Docosahexaenoic acid stabilizes soluble amyloid‐β protofibrils and sustains amyloid‐β‐induced neurotoxicity in vitro (2007)

Enrichment of diet and culture media with the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid has been found to reduce the amyloid burden in mice and lower amyloid-beta (Abeta) levels in both mice and cultured cells. However, the direct interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, with Abeta, and their effect on Abeta aggregation has not been explored in detail. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and the saturated fatty acid arachidic acid on monomer oligomerization into protofibrils and protofibril fibrillization into fibrils in vitro, using size exclusion chromatography. The polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid at micellar concentrations stabilized soluble Abeta42 wild-type protofibrils, thereby hindering their conversion to insoluble fibrils. As a consequence, docosahexaenoic acid sustained amyloid-beta-induced toxicity in PC12 cells over time, whereas Abeta without docosahexaenoic acid stabilization resulted in reduced toxicity, as Abeta formed fibrils. Arachidic acid had no effect on Abeta aggregation, and neither of the fatty acids had any protofibril-stabilizing effect on Abeta42 harboring the Arctic mutation (AbetaE22G). Consequently, AbetaArctic-induced toxicity could not be sustained using docosahexaenoic acid. These results provide new insights into the toxicity of different Abeta aggregates and how endogenous lipids can affect Abeta aggregation.
Treatment of Intrabony Defects With Collagen Membrane Barriers. Case Reports (1995)

Two separate investigations were undertaken to assess the clinical characteristics and the safety, and to determine whether an absorbable type 1 bovine collagen barrier membrane would result in the improvement of clinical parameters during guided tissue regeneration in humans. The collagen membrane barrier was placed over a total of 21 interdental intrabony periodontal defects in 18 patients. The surgical procedures and postsurgical regimen were similar in both components of the investigation. Sulcular incisions were used and the sites were surgically exposed by reflection of full thickness mucoperiosteal flaps. The intrabony defects were debrided and the root surfaces prepared with automatic scalers and curets. Four 1-minute applications of tetracycline HCl 50 mg/ml were applied to the root surface. The collagen membrane barrier was hydrated in sterile saline until pliable, then trimmed so it covered the osseous defect and extended 2 to 3 mm beyond the defect. In both investigations, the collagen barrier membrane was not sutured, but retained by "pouching" or undermining the flap. Healing occurred without complications. There were no untoward or adverse reactions to the material in either phase of the study. In the initial investigation, 13 intrabony defects with probing depths of > or = 5 mm were treated in 9 patients having a mean age of 50.6 years. No controls defects were treated. Soft and hard tissue measurements were taken at the time of initial surgery and at 2, 4, and 6 months. In the second phase, 9 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 49.7 years. They had similar bilateral interdental intrabony defects with probing depths > or = 6 mm. One defect received the collagen membrane barrier, while the other was treated by flap debridement alone. The collagen membrane had undergone modification since the initial investigation, and was more highly cross-linked to retard absorption. After initial therapy, and prior to the surgical procedure, a series of 3 dermal patch tests were used to determine whether the patient would elicit a reaction to the collagen. Venous blood was drawn at baseline, 7 to 10 days, 18 to 21 days and at 8 weeks for analysis by ELISA for comparison of test and control sites relative to baseline. There were no allergic response to the dermal tests, and the ELISA tests indicated no significant differences between test and control sites. An automated probe was used to record soft and hard tissue measurements. These included the probing depths and clinical attachment levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Calibration of Perspective picture Based on Vanishing Point (2008)

A three-dimensional perspective picture (also camera) calibration technique that use a cub and a vanishing point theorem was developed and tested. According to parallel lines in 3D space viewed in ideal picture appear to meet at a vanishing point, we presented a algorithm that take the radial distortion of camera lens into account for nonlinear calibration of perspective image. Adopt iterative algorithm of approaching step by step to compute the coefficient of radial distortion and main point and other parameters in perspective picture. Experiment show the algorithm is effective and can effectively improve the precision of perspective picture calibration.
Ruxolitinib: The First FDA Approved Therapy for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis (2012)

The BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (e.g., essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic malignancies that involve a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Thrombosis, bleeding, and transformation to acute leukemia reduce the overall survival of patients with myelofibrosis, a disease typified by progressive splenomegaly and disease-related symptoms such as fatigue, pruritus, and bony pains. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant offers the only potential for cure in a minority of eligible patients, leaving a serious unmet need for improved therapies. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these diseases have led to an explosion of clinical trials evaluating novel therapies. The discovery of an activating mutation in the Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) gene provided a therapeutic target to downregulate this activated signaling pathway, which influences the phenotype of these diseases. Ruxolitinib (Jakafi; Incyte) is a small-molecule inhibitor of JAK1/2 that has proved to be effective at reducing splenomegaly and ameliorating symptoms in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Based on the results of 2 pivotal randomized phase III clinical trials, ruxolitinib has become the first therapeutic to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with myelofibrosis. Ruxolitinib offers a well-tolerated oral therapeutic option for patients with myelofibrosis with symptomatic splenomegaly and debilitating disease-related symptoms, but it does not seem to be effective at eliminating the underlying hematological malignancy.
High-pressure nanolithography using low-energy electrons from a scanning tunnelling microscope (2001)

We present a reproducible method of producing nanometre-size holes on a graphite surface with a high-pressure scanning tunnelling microscope. Holes were only observed at pressures above 5 bar with voltage pulses in the field-emission range (±4-10 V). The depth of the hole varied with the pressure while the observed diameter was independent of the applied pressure. The results obtained in the presence of elevated pressures of dry nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are presented.
Forest composition, host‐population density, and parasitism of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana eggs by Trichogramma minutum (2003)

Abstract The frequency of egg parasitism in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was recorded in several host populations during the rising phase of an outbreak in the Gatineau Valley (Quebec, Canada) in 1999 and 2000. Some of the observed spruce budworm populations were subjected to experimental aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki during the course of the study. Untreated spruce budworm population densities at the onset of the study were directly related to stand composition (the proportion of non‐host basal area) but unrelated to plant species diversity. Much of the variation in budworm egg mass parasitism rates was accounted for (77.1% of total variance) by three variables: year, spruce budworm egg population density, and proportion of non‐host basal area in the stand. The exploitation of eggs within parasitised egg masses was related to year, B. thuringiensis treatment, egg mass size, and the proportion of egg masses parasitised in the host population (76.9% of variance). The yearly variation in parasitism rate was considerable, and was consistent with climatic conditions, namely heat accumulation and precipitation during the spruce budworm oviposition period. Parasitism by T. minutum on eggs of C. fumiferana was recorded in 16 additional sites in 2000, to confirm the general form of the inverse density dependence of parasitism. Observations recorded by Neilson in the Green River area of New Brunswick (Canada) between 1948 and 1957 are discussed in the context of the present analysis. These results indicate that parasitism by T. minutum may be more predictable than previously believed and may be an important and consistent source of mortality in the several years preceding an outbreak of C. fumiferana , especially in mixed‐wood stands and in warmer, drier portions of the spruce budworm's range.