gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The alpha subunit of meprin A. Molecular cloning and sequencing, differential expression in inbred mouse strains, and evidence for divergent evolution of the alpha and beta subunits. (1992)

Meprin A, a membrane-bound oligomeric metalloendopeptidase, contains two different subunits, alpha and beta. We report here the cloning and sequencing of the alpha subunit cDNA. The translated polypeptide consists of 760 amino acids, including a preprosequence (77 amino acids) that precedes the NH2 terminus of the purified enzyme. The next 198 amino acids constitute the "astacin family" protease domain, which includes the astacin family signature sequence, HE(L,I)XHXXGFXHE(Q,H)XRXDRDX(Y,H)(V,I)X(I,V). An immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex protein signature was found at the end of the protease domain. At the COOH terminus of the alpha subunit, there is an epidermal growth factor-like domain, followed by a transmembrane domain, and six additional amino acids. Ten potential glycosylation sites have been identified, and at least three of those sites are glycosylated. Northern blot analyses of kidney tissue from C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice indicate that variations in meprin A activity in these strains reflect differences in the levels of the alpha subunit mRNA. Several internal peptide sequences obtained from the beta subunit indicate that it is approximately 50% identical to the alpha subunit. Furthermore, NH2-terminal sequence analyses (39 residues) indicate that rat and mouse alpha are 79% identical, rat and mouse beta are 74% identical, and that alpha and beta subunits for both species are 47% identical. These data indicate that alpha and beta are closely related products of divergent evolution.
Location updates and probabilistic tracking algorithms for mobile cellular networks (2003)

In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical model to analyze different location update protocols for mobile cellular network. Our model can capture many important features of user movements, such as geographically dependent movement, directional movement and non-exponential distribution of cell dwell times. We propose to use the transient method to predict the location of a mobile user. This method is efficient and, more importantly, able to address the temporal change in the current location of a mobile user. Therefore, the accuracy of the prediction of the location of a user can be enhanced. We also propose a new location update protocol which can attain a lower trading cost and also adapt to different mobility patterns. Transient performance analysis is also carried out and the results are compared with other protocols.
Rethinking the Discourse on Race: A Symposium on How the Lack of Racial Diversity in the Media Affects Social Justice and Policy (The Ronald H. Brown Center for Civil Rights and Economic Development Post-Conference Report) (2007)

Race and Representation: How the Media Shape and Misshape Race in America.Institutional bias continues to shape how reporters perceive, interpret, and frame events.Racial stereotyping-often blatant but typically subtle-pervades both news coverage and entertainment media.Looking at themselves in the media, minority groups often see images that are distorted, or simply absent.Members of minority groups face particular challenges in attempting to change these distortions.In particular, reporters of color who strive to bring more accuracy, complexity, context, and nuance to the news often encounter formidable obstacles, from the structural biases of standard "objective" journalism to a more insidious institutional bias that shades coverage in many newsrooms.Framing Race: How Media Shape the Discourse at the Nexus of Race and Public Policy.Beyond their role in perpetuating racial stereotypes, the media also exert a profound influence by framing issues at the intersection of race and public policy.In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, for instance, the conservative media's coverage excused the government's failures by suggesting instead that the victims in New Orleans-at least those who were black and too poor to leave-somehow deserved their fate by irrationally "choosing" to stay behind.In most cases, however, the ways in which race corrupts media frames is much more subtle-how, for instance, coverage of President Clinton's Initiative on Race focused on procedure rather than substance.Or how reporting in regional newspapers often frames discrimination as a relic of the past.
Fully-parallel LUT-based (2048,1723) LDPC code decoder for FPGA (2012)

A good trade-off between performance and complexity is achieved if the min-sum algorithm with 2-bit non-uniform quantization is used to decode Low-Density Parity-Check codes. This paper proposes a method to design Variable Node Update (VNU) units based on Look-up tables suitable to design decoders for this algorithm. The method has been developed for the (2048,1723) LDPC code of the IEEE 802.3an standard and fully-parallel architectures have been implemented in a FPGA device. The results show that with the proposed method 35% area saving is achieved with respect to the use of the conventional VNU units.
The Hydrolysis of Mono-, Di-, and Triglutamate Derivatives of Folic Acid with Bacterial Enzymes (1968)

Abstract A soil organism of the genus Flavobacterium was isolated from a medium containing folic acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen (ATCC 25012). This organism resembles but is not identical with a previously described strain, Flavobacterium polyglutamicum. It utilizes the glutamate released from pteroylmonoglutamate by the action of an intracellular enzyme, folate amidase. The relative rates of enzymatic hydrolysis of a variety of analogues of pteroylmonoglutamate were determined in order to characterize the substrate specificity of folate amidase. Gel filtration was used to separate folate amidase from two other bacterial enzymes: one that acts on α-glutamylglutamate and another that splits γ-glutamylglutamate. Enzyme fractions that hydrolyzed γ-glutamylglutamate also released free glutamate from pteroyl-γ-diglutamate and pteroyl-γ,γ-triglutamate.
Equivalence of LP Relaxation and Max-Product for Weighted Matching in General Graphs (2007)

Max-product belief propagation is a local, iterative algorithm find the mode/MAP estimate of a probability distribution. While it has been successfully employed in a wide variety of applications, there are relatively few theoretical guarantees of convergence and correctness for general loopy graphs that may have many short cycles. Of these, even fewer provide exact "necessary and sufficient" characterizations. In this paper we investigate the problem of using max-product to find the maximum weight matching in an arbitrary graph with edge weights. This is done by first constructing a probability distribution whose mode corresponds to the optimal matching, and then running max-product. Weighted matching can also be posed as an integer program, for which there is an LP relaxation. This relaxation is not always tight. In this paper we show that 1) If the LP relaxation is tight, then max-product always converges, and that too to the correct answer. 2) If the LP relaxation is loose, then max-product does not converge. This provides an exact, data-dependent characterization of max-product performance, and a precise connection to LP relaxation, which is a well-studied optimization technique. Also, since LP relaxation is known to be tight for bipartite graphs, our results generalize other recent results on using max-product to find weighted matching in bipartite graphs.
Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. (1976)

Wireless sensor networks require communication protocols for efficiently propagating and maintaining data in a distributed fashion. Ideally, a communication protocol is able to disseminate data quickly to all nodes in the network using as few transmissions as possible, while distributing transmission load fairly. In the context of wireless sensor networks the Trickle algorithm is a popular protocol serving as the basis for many of the current communication protocols. In this study we analyze the performance of Trickle with respect to efficiency, fairness, reliability and propagation speed. Additionally, we show how small extensions to the algorithm can improve its performance.
The Functional Block of TNF but Not of IL-6 Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice (1997)

Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that estrogen prevents bone loss by blocking the bone marrow cell production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines. However, controversy remains on the role of candidate factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). To investigate the contribution of these cytokines to the pathogenesis of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss, OVX mice were treated with either TNF binding protein (TNFbp), an inhibitor of TNF, the anti-(IL-6) antibody (Ab) 20F3, or estrogen for the first 2 weeks after surgery. OVX caused a rapid decrease in trabecular bone volume (TBV) and an increase in in vivo bone resorption, as assessed by bone histomorphometry. Treatment with TNFbp completely prevented bone loss and the increase in both osteoclast formation and bone resorption induced by OVX, but had no effects in sham-operated controls. In contrast, treatment with anti-IL-6 antibody failed to prevent bone loss, and the increase in bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis induced by OVX. These data demonstrate that in nongenetically manipulated mice, the estrogen-regulated cytokine that plays a central role in the mechanism by which estrogen deficiency causes bone loss is not IL-6, but rather TNF.
Gas-phase-reaction-controlled atomic-layer-epitaxy of silicon (1998)

Atomic layer epitaxy of silicon has been studied by alternating exposures of atomic hydrogen and SiH2Cl2. An ideal growth rate of 1 monolayer per cycle has been achieved with a wide temperature window from 550 °C to 610 °C under long SiH2Cl2 residence time and high pressure conditions. These requirements seem to come from the generation of dense SiHCl, the desirable precursor, by gas-phase reaction of SiH2Cl2.
A Low-Power and Compact Analog CMOS Processing Chip for Portable ECG Recorders (2005)

This paper presents a three-channel low-power and compact analog processor including a test chip, fabricated in TSMC 0.35mum mixed-mode CMOS process, for portable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices. The chip highlights integrating CMOS instrumentation amplifiers based on current balancing technique to implement more analog signal conditioning functions at instrumentation amplifiers. First order low-pass filtering as well as programmable high-pass filtering has been included in each instrumentation amplifier. Experimental results show that each channel draws 22muA from a 3.3V battery. Measurement results satisfy recommended specifications for portable ECG recorders. The programmable test board designed using the chip, records three-leads ECG with frontal plane and precordial leads. Analog signal conditioning circuit, measurement results and recorded ECGs are given in this paper
Topology of the C-Terminal Tail of HIV-1 gp41: Differential Exposure of the Kennedy Epitope on Cell and Viral Membranes (2010)

The C-terminal tail (CTT) of the HIV-1 gp41 envelope (Env) protein is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of Env structure and functional properties, including fusogenicity and antigenicity. While the CTT has been commonly referred to as the "intracytoplasmic domain" based on the assumption of an exclusive localization inside the membrane lipid bilayer, early antigenicity studies and recent biochemical analyses have produced a credible case for surface exposure of specific CTT sequences, including the classical "Kennedy epitope" (KE) of gp41, leading to an alternative model of gp41 topology with multiple membrane-spanning domains. The current study was designed to test these conflicting models of CTT topology by characterizing the exposure of native CTT sequences and substituted VSV-G epitope tags in cell- and virion-associated Env to reference monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Surface staining and FACS analysis of intact, Env-expressing cells demonstrated that the KE is accessible to binding by MAbs directed to both an inserted VSV-G epitope tag and the native KE sequence. Importantly, the VSV-G tag was only reactive when inserted into the KE; no reactivity was observed in cells expressing Env with the VSV-G tag inserted into the LLP2 domain. In contrast to cell-surface expressed Env, no binding of KE-directed MAbs was observed to Env on the surface of intact virions using either immune precipitation or surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. These data indicate apparently distinct CTT topologies for virion- and cell-associated Env species and add to the case for a reconsideration of CTT topology that is more complex than currently envisioned.
Secondary changes in bowel function after successful treatment of voiding symptoms with neuromodulation (2010)

Studies have indicated that neuromodulation improves FI in carefully selected patients. The impact on other bowel conditions, including IBS, is unclear. Since voiding and bowel symptoms often coexist, it is crucial to fully evaluate all potential treatment benefits.
Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid in atherosclerotic plaques in the presence of luminal blood (2012)

Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging can characterize atherosclerotic plaque composition on the basis of the optical absorption contrast between different tissue types. Given the high optical absorption of lipid at 1720 nm wavelength, an atherosclerotic rabbit aorta was imaged at this wavelength ex vivo using an integrated intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and IVPA imaging catheter in the presence of luminal blood. Strong optical absorption of lipid combined with low background signal from other tissues provides a high-contrast, depth-resolved IVPA image of lipid. The ability to image lipid at a single wavelength without removing luminal blood suggests that in vivo detection of lipid in atherosclerotic plaques using combined IVUS/IVPA imaging is possible.
comYA, a gene similar to comGA of Bacillus subtilis, is essential for competence-factor-dependent DNA transformation in Streptococcus gordonii (1997)

Tn4001 mutagenesis identified a new competence gene in Streptococcus gordonii Challis designated comYA. A comYA mutant was completely deficient in transformation and exhibited decreased levels of DNA binding and hydrolysis. The deduced 319-amino-acid ComYA protein exhibited 57% similarity and 33% identity to the ComGA transporter protein of Bacillus subtilis and contained the Walker A-box motif conserved in ATP-binding proteins as well as aspartic acid boxes Asp-1 and Asp-2 present in some components of the general secretory pathway of gram-negative bacteria. comYA appeared to be part of a putative operon encompassing a comGB homolog, designated comYB, together with sequences that could encode ComGC- and ComGD-like peptides designated ComYC and ComYD, respectively, as well as other components. The putative ComYC and ComYD peptides had leader sequences similar to the type IV N-methylphenylalanine pilins of gram-negative bacteria, but unlike other examples in this class, including B. subtilis, they contained an alanine at position -1 of the leader instead of the usual glycine residue. Northern analysis identified a single 6.0-kb comYA-containing transcript strictly dependent on exogenous competence factor for expression in ComA1 cells. An identical pattern of expression was seen in wild-type Challis cells grown under conditions of maximal competence but not in cells that were noncompetent.
Growth factor-like phospholipids generated after corneal injury (1998)

The present study provides evidence that growth factor-like glycerophosphate mediators of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) family are present in the aqueous humor and the lacrimal gland fluid of the rabbit eye. By use of a combination of HPLC, two-dimensional TLC, mass spectrometry, and the Xenopus oocyte bioassay, the LPA-like phospholipids LPA, cyclic PA, alkenyl-glycerophosphate (GP), lysophosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were detected as physiological constituents of the fluids bathing the cornea. Corneal injury resulted in an increased production of some of these mediators. Alkenyl-GP, a novel member of the LPA family, has been identified in postinjury aqueous humor, establishing that it is generated endogenously. LPA and its homologues were found to be mitogenic in freshly dissociated keratocytes from uninjured corneas. There appears to be a link between the occurrence of LPA responsiveness in keratocytes activated by injury and the increase in LPA-like activity in aqueous humor. These data suggest that LPA and its homologues are involved in maintaining the integrity of the normal cornea and in promoting cellular regeneration of the injured cornea.
Workshop on apolipoprotein quantification. (1983)

lism and Atherogenesis Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored a workshop on apolipoprotein quantification in Chevy Chase, Maryland. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together a large number of investigators with primary interests in epidemiology, genetics, and basic and clinical research to discuss recent advances in the knowledge of apolipoprotein metabolism, epidemiological correlations with cardiovascular disease, assay methods, structure and functions of apolipoproteins, and the possible needs for standards, reference materials, and standardization of immunoassay methods for apolipoproteins.
How Can Liver Toxins be Removed? Filtration and Adsorption With the Prometheus System (2006)

The application of extracorporeal blood circuits in liver failure therapy has its roots in the two functions of the liver, first as a detoxifying and second as a synthetizing organ. In contrast to hydrophilic uremic toxins, most liver toxins are hydrophobic and bind preferentially to blood proteins. Consequently, the majority of these compounds cannot be removed by hemodialysis or similar dialytic procedures. Current systems use albumin as a transport vehicle for hydrophobic compounds across high flux membranes (e.g. albumin-dialysis, molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS)). In contrast to these devices, the Prometheus system (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) applies filtration across highly permeable membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of >300.000. These membranes facilitate a direct filtration of most of the toxin-bearing proteins. In a secondary circuit these toxins are then removed by adsorber beads assembled in specially designed cartridges. The protein-containing toxin-free solution returns to the primary circuit. Clinical testing of the Prometheus system's safety and efficacy parameters showed that cell counts and coagulation factors were not significantly affected. Total bilirubin-, bile acid- and plasma ammonia-levels were reduced in vivo by -21%, -43% and -40%, respectively. First successful therapeutic results have been obtained for patients treated for drug abuse and for patients waiting for transplantation. Thus, a combination of plasma fractionation with highly permeable membranes followed by a secondary circuit with adsorber cartridges proves to be the most effective method of removing toxic waste in liver failure. Further investigations will follow in order to extend the application of the Prometheus system to larger cohorts of patients.
A v-erbB-related protooncogene, c-erbB-2, is distinct from the c-erbB-1/epidermal growth factor-receptor gene and is amplified in a human salivary gland adenocarcinoma. (1985)

From a human genomic library, we obtained six v-erbB-related DNA clones. A DNA probe prepared from one of the clones, lambda 107, hybridized to EcoRI fragments of 6.4 and 13 kilobase pairs of human DNA. Neither of these fragments was amplified in A431 vulva carcinoma cells, in which the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor is amplified. In addition, the probe from lambda 107 hybridized with a single, 4.8-kilobase poly(A)+ RNA species and did not react with EGF receptor mRNA. Thus, we conclude that clone lambda 107 represents a v-erbB-related gene (c-erbB-2) that is distinct from the EGF receptor gene. In contrast, the other five clones were shown to represent the EGF receptor gene (c-erbB-1). Partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the lambda 107 insert showed that this clone contained at least seven putative exons and that six of them could encode the kinase domain characteristic of protein products of the src oncogene family. Southern blot analysis showed close similarity of the restriction patterns of the rat c-erbB-2 gene and the rat neu oncogene, suggesting possible involvement of c-erbB-2 in human cancer. In fact, approximately 30-fold amplification of c-erbB-2 was observed in a human adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland.
Indocyanine green dye fluorescence and infrared absorption choroidal angiography performed simultaneously with fluorescein angiography. (1976)

The sensory retina of the eye is nourished by two essentially separate blood circulations. The more superficial of these, the retinal circulation, is easily evaluated by direct visualization or routine fluorescein angiography. However, the underlying choroidal circulation, which is attributed with maintenance of the outer layers of the retina is not easily visualized due to the pigment epithelial layer and choroidal pigment. Fluorescence and infrared absorption angiographic techniques using indocyanine green (ICG) dye, which can be used to evaluate the choroidal circulation routinely, are described in this paper. A method is also described which can provide these angiograms simultaneously with standard fluorescein fluorescence angiograms of the retina. Finally, a comparison of all three types of angiograms is made. Limitations to the resolution of fundus details in angiograms imposed by optics of the fundus camera, photographic films, and optics and anatomy of the eye are examined.
Implementation of portable monitor based on mobile phone for music therapy on hypertension (2010)

Hypertension is a common clinical disease and a major risk to human health. Relationships between specific music phrases and cardiovascular variability promote music therapy to an important part of anti-hypertension treatment. We integrate our former related researches achievement into a new portable monitor based on smart phone. The new portable device which is made up of health accessories and mobile software, can measure user's blood pressure (BP) with a cuff-less technique, do data processing, display waveforms and parameters and play selected music. The strategy of music selection is based on correlation coefficient, which derived from rhythm of music phrases and blood pressure. The coefficient determines the type of music should be selected and played.