gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing. (1990)

We have studied the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin, and desmin in granulation tissue during the healing of an open wound in the rat by means of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, at the light and electron microscopic levels, using specific antibodies directed against these proteins. Important amounts of the three antigens were always expressed in pericytic and/or smooth muscle cells of neoformed small vessels. In fibroblastic cells, microfilaments were absent 4 days after wounding but accumulated gradually, starting from the 6th up to the 15th day; at this time, they were evident in about 70% of fibroblastic cells (myofibroblasts). They then regressed progressively, and on the 30th day, microfilaments were no longer present in scar fibroblasts. alpha-Smooth muscle actin, but not smooth muscle myosin and desmin, was always present in microfilament bundles of myofibroblasts. The staining intensity was progressive from the 6th to the 15th day and decreased thereafter; no staining was seen at the 30th day. Between the 20th and the 25th day, many apoptotic figures were seen in fibroblastic and endothelial cells, suggesting that apoptosis is the mechanism of their disappearance. We conclude that myofibroblasts develop gradually from granulation tissue fibroblasts and temporarily express a marker of smooth muscle differentiation. These results may be relevant for the understanding of the mechanisms of normal and pathologic wound healing.
Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2015)

Immunological and inflammatory processes downstream of dystrophin deficiency as well as metabolic abnormalities, defective autophagy, and loss of regenerative capacity all contribute to muscle pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These downstream cascades offer potential avenues for pharmacological intervention. Modulating the inflammatory response and inducing immunological tolerance to de novo dystrophin expression will be critical to the success of dystrophin-replacement therapies. This Review focuses on the role of the inflammatory response in DMD pathogenesis and opportunities for clinical intervention.
The absorption of sustained‐release methylphenidate formulations compared to an immediate‐release formulation (1989)

A crossover study in 18 subjects evaluated the plasma concentration-time profile of two different 20 mg sustained-release (SR) methylphenidate (MPH) tablets administered before breakfast, compared to a 10 mg immediate-release (IR) tablet administered before breakfast and again 5 h later, before lunch. Plasma MPH concentrations were determined using a sensitive and precise gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, incorporating a deuterated internal standard. The mean peak MPH concentration was 6.4 ng ml-1 for the IR product versus 4.6 ng ml-1 and 4.8 ng ml-1 for the two SR formulations. Peak concentrations occurred at 3.3 h after dosing with the SR products, compared to 1.5 h after the first dose of the IR product. The extent of absorption for the three products, as determined from areas under the plasma concentration-time curves, were within 5 per cent of each other. There was no significant difference in rate or extent of absorption between the two SR formulations.
Meiotic spindle stability depends on MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein (MISS), a new MAPK substrate (2002)

Vertebrate oocytes arrest in the second metaphase of meiosis (metaphase II [MII]) by an activity called cytostatic factor (CSF), with aligned chromosomes and stable spindles. Segregation of chromosomes occurs after fertilization. The Mos/.../MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) pathway mediates this MII arrest. Using a two-hybrid screen, we identified a new MAPK partner from a mouse oocyte cDNA library. This protein is unstable during the first meiotic division and accumulates only in MII, where it localizes to the spindle. It is a substrate of the Mos/.../MAPK pathway. The depletion of endogenous RNA coding for this protein by three different means (antisense RNA, double-stranded [ds] RNA, or morpholino oligonucleotides) induces severe spindle defects specific to MII oocytes. Overexpressing the protein from an RNA not targeted by the morpholino rescues spindle destabilization. However, dsRNA has no effect on the first two mitotic divisions. We therefore have discovered a new MAPK substrate involved in maintaining spindle integrity during the CSF arrest of mouse oocytes, called MISS (for MAP kinase-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein).
Expression of Interferon‐α and Interferon‐β Genes in Human Lymphoblastoid (Namalwa) Cells (1983)

Treatment of human lymphoblastoid (Namalwa) cells with Sendai virus induced the coordinate synthesis of both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta interferon mRNAs. One sub-line of Namalwa cells (WRL) produced no IFN-beta activity, although IFN-beta mRNA was induced and was associated with polysomes. The IFN-alpha mRNA was heterogeneous, ranging in size over 1.20-1.35 X 10(3) bases, probably because of variation in the size of the transcribale DNA in the alpha-gene family. The IFN-beta mRNA was monodisperse with a size of 1.05 X 10(3) bases. The kinetics of accumulation and decay of both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta mRNAs, as assessed by hybridization with cDNA probes, were very similar to those of translatable interferon mRNA, as assessed by translation in Xenopus oocytes. Treatment of the cells with butyrate or 5'-bromodeoxyuridine increased the amount of hybridizable IFN-alpha and IFN-beta mRNA about 15-fold and 4-fold respectively, again demonstrating coordinate control of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta production.
Expression of the CD117 antigen (C‐Kit) on normal and myelomatous plasma cells (1996)

The surface expression of CD117 on plasma cells (PCs) from normal individuals and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been analysed using triple-stained cells for flow cytometry. In addition, the clinical significance of CD117 expression in MM patients and its possible value for the evaluation of minimal residual disease was explored. A total of 11 healthy volunteers and 56 untreated MM patients were included in the study. The expression of CD117 was analysed by flow cytometry, using simultaneous staining with the MAbs BB4, CD117 and CD38. Cell acquisition was performed in two consecutive steps using a live gate drawn on SSC/CD38 cells and a total of 300,000 events were acquired. For data analysis, the Paint-a-Gate Plus software (Becton Dickinson) was used. PCs were identified according to their strong reactivity for CD38 and their positivity for BB4, as well as by their light scatter distribution. Dilution experiments of CD117+ myelomatous PCs with normal bone marrow (BM) cells were performed in order to assess the sensitivity level of the technique for detection of CD117+ residual PCs. None of the PCs from normal BM samples showed reactivity for the CD117 antigen. In contrast, CD117 antigen was present in 18/56 MM patients (32%), the proportion of positive cells in these cases being as high as 92.1 +/- 9%. Therefore, within PC lineage the c-Kit antigen would be restricted to the myelomatous population and thus could be considered as a 'tumour-associated marker' for monitoring minimal residual disease in about one third of MM patients. Dilution experiments indicate that the detection limit with this marker would be 10(-4) (one myelomatous PC/10(4) normal BM cells). Upon comparing the clinical and haematological disease characteristics of CD117-positive and CD117-negative cases, no significant differences were found.
Cysteine Synthase (CysM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is an O-Phosphoserine Sulfhydrylase (2008)

The biosynthesis of cysteine is a crucial metabolic pathway supplying a building block for de novo protein synthesis but also a reduced thiol as a component of the oxidative defense mechanisms that appear particularly vital in the dormant state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We here show that the cysteine synthase CysM is, in contrast to previous annotations, an O-phosphoserine-specific cysteine synthase. CysM belongs to the fold type II pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, as revealed by the crystal structure determined at 2.1-angstroms resolution. A model of O-phosphoserine bound to the enzyme suggests a hydrogen bonding interaction of the side chain of Arg220 with the phosphate group as a key feature in substrate selectivity. Replacement of this residue results in a significant loss of specificity for O-phosphoserine. Notably, reactions with sulfur donors are not affected by the amino acid replacement. The specificity of CysM toward O-phosphoserine together with the previously established novel mode of sulfur delivery via thiocarboxylated CysO (Burns, K. E., Baumgart, S., Dorrestein, P. C., Zhai, H., McLafferty, F. W., and Begley, T. P. (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11602-11603) provide strong evidence for an O-phosphoserine-based cysteine biosynthesis pathway in M. tuberculosis that is independent of both O-acetylserine and the sulfate reduction pathway. The existence of an alternative biosynthetic pathway to cysteine in this pathogen has implications for the design strategy aimed at inhibition of this metabolic route.
Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise on pulmonary gas exchange and airway function in women (2001)

Seventeen fit women ran to exhaustion (14 +/- 4 min) at a constant speed and grade, reaching 95 +/- 3% of maximal O(2) consumption. Pre- and postexercise lung function, including airway resistance [total respiratory resistance (Rrs)] across a range of oscillation frequencies, was measured, and, on a separate day, airway reactivity was assessed via methacholine challenge. Arterial O(2) saturation decreased from 97.6 +/- 0.5% at rest to 95.1 +/- 1.9% at 1 min and to 92.5 +/- 2.6% at exhaustion. Alveolar-arterial O(2) difference (A-aDO(2)) widened to 27 +/- 7 Torr after 1 min and was maintained at this level until exhaustion. Arterial PO(2) (Pa(O(2))) fell to 80 +/- 8 Torr at 1 min and then increased to 86 +/- 9 Torr at exhaustion. This increase in Pa(O(2)) over the exercise duration occurred due to a hyperventilation-induced increase in alveolar PO(2) in the presence of a constant A-aDO(2). Arterial O(2) saturation fell with time because of increasing temperature (+2.6 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and progressive metabolic acidosis (arterial pH: 7.39 +/- 0.04 at 1 min to 7.26 +/- 0.07 at exhaustion). Plasma histamine increased throughout exercise but was inversely correlated with the fall in Pa(O(2)) at end exercise. Neither pre- nor postexercise Rrs, frequency dependence of Rrs, nor diffusing capacity for CO correlated with the exercise A-aDO(2) or Pa(O(2)). Although several subjects had a positive or borderline hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, this reactivity did not correlate with exercise-induced changes in Rrs or exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. In conclusion, regardless of the degree of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia at the onset of high-intensity exercise, prolonging exercise to exhaustion had no further deleterious effects on A-aDO(2), and the degree of gas exchange impairment was not related to individual differences in small or large airway function or reactivity.
Computing spike-based convolutions on GPUs (2009)

In spiking neural networks, asynchronous spike events are processed in parallel by neurons. Emulations of such networks are traditionally computed by CPUs or realized using dedicated neuromorphic hardware. In many neuromorphic systems, the Address-Event-Representation (AER) is used for spike communication. In this paper we present the acceleration of AER based spike processing using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). In our experiment we interface a 128×128 pixel AER vision sensor to a spiking neural network implemented on a GPU for real-time convolution-based nonlinear feature extraction with convolution kernel sizes ranging from 48×48 to 112×112 pixels. We show parallelism-performance trade-offs on GPUs for single spike per thread, multiple spikes per thread, and multiple objects parallelism techniques. Our implementation can achieve a kernel speedup of up to 35× on a single NVIDIA GTX280 board when compared to a CPU-only implementation.
23Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage (2002)

One of the initiating steps of osteoarthritis is the loss of proteoglycan (PG) molecules from the cartilage matrix. One method for assessing cartilage integrity, therefore, is to measure the PG content or fixed charge density (FCD) of cartilage. This report shows the feasibility of calculating FCD by (23)Na MRI and introduces MRI protocols for human studies, in vivo. (23)Na MRI was used to measure the sodium concentration inside bovine patellar cartilage. The sodium concentration was then converted to FCD (mM) by considering ideal Donnan equilibrium. These FCD measurements were compared to FCD measurements obtained through standard dimethylmethylene blue PG assays. There was a high correlation (slope = 0.89, r(2) = 0.81) between the FCD measurements obtained by (23)Na MRI and those obtained by the PG assays. These methods were then employed in quantifying the FCD of articular cartilage of human volunteers in vivo. Two imaging protocols were compared: one using a birdcage coil, the other using a transmit/receive surface coil. Both methodologies gave similar results, with the average sodium concentration of normal human patellar cartilage ranging from approximately 240 to 260 mM. This corresponds to FCDs of -158 mM to -182 mM.
Desorption electrospray ionization with a portable mass spectrometer: in situ analysis of ambient surfaces (2006)

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is implemented on a portable mass spectrometer and used to demonstrate in situ detection of active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, alkaloids in plant tissues, explosives, chemical warfare agent simulants and agricultural chemicals from a variety of surfaces; air monitoring applications using DESI are also introduced.
Transcription from bacteriophage T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase promoters in the presence of 3'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate chain terminators (1985)

RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase or SP6 RNA polymerase is 100-1000 times more sensitive to the presence of the 3'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate chain terminators than is RNA synthesis by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase or Q beta replicase. These ribonucleotide analogues do not alter the specificity of each polymerase for its own promoters nor do they alter the site at which synthesis is initiated. Transcription by T7 RNA polymerase or SP6 RNA polymerase in the presence of relatively low concentrations of these chain terminators offers a useful route for determining the nucleotide sequence of any DNA segment that is inserted immediately downstream from a homologous bacteriophage promoter. This sequencing procedure was used to explore the effects that different dinucleotides have on the specificity of initiation at two different T7 RNA polymerase promoters.
Cardiomyocyte-Specific Overexpression of NO Synthase-3 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2006)

These results provide evidence that site-specific targeting of eNOS gene therapy may be more advantageous in limiting MI-R injury and subsequent cardiac dysfunction.
Suppression of Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis by a Specific Antagonist of the Cell-Surface Expressed Nucleolin (2008)

Our results illustrate the dual inhibitory action of HB-19 on the tumor development and the neovascularization process, thus validating the cell-surface expressed nucleolin as a strategic target for an effective cancer drug. Consequently, the HB-19 pseudopeptide provides a unique candidate to consider for innovative cancer therapy.
论“符号学”概念 (1993)

一、“符号学”的五种不同概念 “符号学”一词是多义的,看来我们可以辨别五种意义,因此我们可以有五种符号概念,而我们通常没有意识到这一事实。 第一,符号学可以等同于符号的语形、语义或语用性质,或者等同于以上一种、两种或三种性质或特征。而且,我们可以考虑其中一些性质,也可以考虑全部。例如,我们可以不问一个给定语句的符号学性质,而问那个句子的符号学。同样,我们可以问它的语形学(句法学)是什么,它的语义学或语用学是什么。由于在这些情况下我们探询的都是性质,所以我们引入以下用语:“符号学p”,“语形学p”、“语义学p”、“语用学p”。
Faster maximum and minimum mean cycle algorithms for system-performance analysis (1998)

Maximum and minimum mean cycle problems are important problems with many applications in performance analysis of synchronous and asynchronous digital systems including rate analysis of embedded systems, in discrete-event systems, and in graph theory. Karp's algorithm is one of the fastest and most common algorithms for these problems. We present this paper mainly in the context of the maximum mean cycle problem. We show that Karp's algorithm processes more nodes and arcs than needed to find the maximum cycle mean of a digraph. This observation motivated us to propose a new graph-unfolding scheme that remedies this deficiency and leads to two faster algorithms with different characteristics. Theoretical analysis tells us that our algorithms always run faster than Karp's algorithm and that they are among the fastest to date. Experiments on small benchmark graphs confirm this fact for most of the graphs. These algorithms have been used in building a framework for analysis of timing constraints for embedded systems.
Presiding over accidents (2004)

As human-computer interaction becomes more closely modeled on human-human interaction, new techniques and strategies for human-computer interaction are required. In response to the inevitable shortcomings of recognition technologies, researchers have studied mediation: interaction techniques by which users can resolve system ambiguity and error. In this paper we approach the human-computer dialogue from the other side, examining system-initiated direction and mediation of human action. We conducted contextual interviews with a variety of experts in fields involving human-human direction, including a film director, photographer, golf instructor, and 911 operator. Informed by these interviews and a review of prior work, we present strategies for directing physical human action and an associated design space for systems that perform such direction. We illustrate these concepts with excerpts from our interviews and with our implemented system for automated media capture or Active Capture, in which an unaided computer system uses techniques identified in our design space to act as a photographer, film director, and cinematographer.
ADHD and Mental Health Status in Brazilian School-Age Children (2012)

Prevalence and demographic features of ADHD in Brazil are similar to what has been reported worldwide.
60 Minutes of Cardiac Rescue and Stabilization with a Small Intravenous Bolus of Adenocaine Following 8 Minutes of Asphyxial Hypoxia in the Rat in Vivo: Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia. (2011)

Sudden cardiac death claims more than 7,000,000 lives per year globally and a survival rate of 2 to 8% for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims has not improved in 30 years. Previously we reported that Adenocaine (adenosine and lidocaine) can arrest and reanimate the heart for use in cardiac surgery/transplantation, and that 7.5% NaCl/Adenocaine/Mg2+ can resuscitate the rat following severe hemorrhagic shock. Our aim was to examine Adenocaine's ability to rescue and stabilize the heart following 8 min of asphyxial hypoxia in the rat model of cardiac arrest at warm (37°C) and cold (rectal 32-33°C) temperatures.
Overlapping roles of two Hox genes and theexdorthologceh-20in diversification of theC. eleganspostembryonic mesoderm (2000)

Members of the Hox family of homeoproteins and their cofactors play a central role in pattern formation of all germ layers. During postembryonic development of C. elegans, non-gonadal mesoderm arises from a single mesoblast cell M. Starting in the first larval stage, M divides to produce 14 striated muscles, 16 non-striated muscles, and two non-muscle cells (coelomocytes). We investigated the role of the C. elegans Hox cluster and of the exd ortholog ceh-20 in patterning of the postembryonic mesoderm. By examining the M lineage and its differentiation products in different Hox mutant combinations, we found an essential but overlapping role for two of the Hox cluster genes, lin-39 and mab-5, in diversification of the postembryonic mesoderm. This role of the two Hox gene products required the CEH-20 cofactor. One target of these two Hox genes is the C. elegans twist ortholog hlh-8. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that twist is a direct target of Hox activation. We present evidence from mutant phenotypes that twist is not the only target for Hox genes in the M lineage: in particular we show that lin-39 mab-5 double mutants exhibit a more severe M lineage defect than the hlh-8 null mutant.
Rev7/Mad2B plays a critical role in the assembly of a functional mitotic spindle (2015)

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) acts as a guardian against cellular threats that may lead to chromosomal missegregation and aneuploidy. Mad2, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdc20 (APC/C(Cdc20)) inhibitor, has an additional homolog in mammals known as Mad2B, Mad2L2 or Rev7. Apart from its role in Polζ-mediated translesion DNA synthesis and double-strand break repair, Rev7 is also believed to inhibit APC/C by negatively regulating Cdh1. Here we report yet another function of Rev7 in cultured human cells. Rev7, as predicted earlier, is involved in the formation of a functional spindle and maintenance of chromosome segregation. In the absence of Rev7, cells tend to arrest in G2/M-phase and display increased monoastral and abnormal spindles with misaligned chromosomes. Furthermore, Rev7-depleted cells show Mad2 localization at the kinetochores of metaphase cells, an indicator of activated SAC, coupled with increased levels of Cyclin B1, an APC(Cdc20) substrate. Surprisingly unlike Mad2, depletion of Rev7 in several cultured human cell lines did not compromise SAC activity. Our data therefore suggest that besides its role in APC/C(Cdh1) inhibition, Rev7 is also required for mitotic spindle organization and faithful chromosome segregation most probably through its physical interaction with RAN.
Apoptosis leads to photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal dystrophy of RCS rats. (1994)

Apoptosis is the dominant mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration in the RCS rat, which has a genetic defect in the phagocytic activity of retinal pigment epithelium. The onset of the degeneration appeared to vary between rod cells in the different regions of the eye.
Reverse Transcriptase in a Clinical Strain of Escherichia coli : Production of Branched RNA-Linked msDNA (1989)

Branched RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) originally detected in myxobacteria has now been found in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Although lacking homology in the primary structure, the E. coli msDNA is similar in secondary structure to the myxobacterial msDNA's, including the 2',5'-phosphodiester linkage between RNA and DNA. A chromosomal DNA fragment responsible for the production of msDNA was cloned in an E. coli K12 strain; its DNA sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 586 amino acid residues. The ORF shows sequence similarity with retroviral reverse transcriptases and ribonuclease H. Disruption of the ORF blocked msDNA production, indicating that this gene is essential for msDNA synthesis.