gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicentre, open-label study using imiquimod 5% cream in one or two 4-week courses of treatment for multiple actinic keratoses on the head (2007)

Shorter treatment regimen of imiquimod 5% cream can produce complete clearance rates similar to those seen with 16 weeks of treatment and has the advantage of lower drug exposure, resulting in a better benefit-risk profile for the patient.
Role of the adherence-promoting receptors, CR3, LFA-1, and p150,95, in binding of Histoplasma capsulatum by human macrophages. (1987)

The principal host cell of H. capsulatum (Hc) is the M phi within which the pathogenic yeast phase of the fungus multiplies during active disease. The initial interaction between Hc yeasts and M phi therefore is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis. In the present study, we have identified the major receptor mechanism that mediates the attachment of unopsonized Hc yeasts to human monocyte-derived M phi from peripheral blood. Binding of Hc yeasts by M phi is rapid, temperature dependent, and requires both Ca and Mg ions for optimum activity. Recognition of Hc yeasts does not require Fc receptors, mannosyl/fucosyl receptors, beta-glucan receptors, or secretion of C3 by M phi. Studies were performed on the effect of down regulating specific receptors of the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 adherence-promoting protein family from the apical portion of M phi to determine the effects upon binding of Hc yeasts. Anti-beta chain mAbs that recognize all three of these proteins blocked binding of yeasts. However, removal of individual receptors with antibodies against the alpha polypeptides caused negligible depression of binding, and removal of any pair caused only modest depression. Thus, each of the members of the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 family is independently capable of binding Hc. The delineation of this new mechanism for nonopsonic recognition by M phi that is exploited by Hc yeasts will aid in future studies to identify the Hc ligand, to elucidate the stoichiometry of CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 binding, and to determine triggering mechanisms for release of toxic oxygen metabolites.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the porcine adenovirus 23K protein (1996)

The genomic location of the viral encoded protease (23K) of porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (PAV3) was determined and the appropriate fragment cloned and sequenced. An open reading frame (ORF) coding for a polypeptide of 203 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 23.3 kDa was found. The ORF was situated in a position similar to that of the human adenovirus 23K, that is, between a putative stop codon for the hexon gene and the polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, for the late region 3. Amino acid sequence alignment of the predicted polypeptide with the sequences of the 23K proteins from other mammalian adenoviruses revealed homology of between 50% and 60% for all except the bovine adenovirus type 7, which displayed appreciable variance from the PAV3 putative 23K with an overall sequence homology of approximately 35%. Conserved cysteine, histidine and proline residues believed to be important in the activity of the 23K protein of human adenoviruses were also present in the PAV3 protein. The genomic location and amino acid sequence of the characterised reading frame suggests that this gene is that of the 23K protein of PAV3.
Theomp-1Major Outer Membrane Multigene Family ofEhrlichia chaffeensisIs Differentially Expressed in Canine and Tick Hosts (2002)

Sixteen of 22 omp-1 paralogs encoding 28-kDa-range immunodominant outer membrane proteins of Ehrlichia chaffeensis were transcribed in blood monocytes of dogs throughout a 56-day infection period. Only one paralog was transcribed by E. chaffeensis in three developmental stages of Amblyomma americanum ticks before or after E. chaffeensis transmission to naïve dogs.
Naturally Transformable Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1 Belongs to the Newly Described Species Acinetobacter baylyi (2006)

Genotypic and phenotypic analyses were carried out to clarify the taxonomic position of the naturally transformable Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1. Transfer tDNA-PCR fingerprinting, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and selective restriction fragment amplification (amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis) indicate that strain ADP1 and a second transformable strain, designated 93A2, are members of the newly described species Acinetobacter baylyi. Transformation assays demonstrate that the A. baylyi type strain B2(T) and two other originally identified members of the species (C5 and A7) also have the ability to undergo natural transformation at high frequencies, confirming that these five strains belong to a separate species of the genus Acinetobacter, characterized by the high transformability of its strains that have been cultured thus far.
Antiviral Activity of Purified Human Breast Milk Mucin (2007)

Human breast milk is known to contain numerous biologically active components which protect breast fed infants against microbes, viruses, and toxins. The purpose of this study was to purify and characterize the breast milk mucin and determine its anti-poxvirus activity. In this study human milk mucin, free of contaminant protein and of sufficient quantity for further analysis, was isolated and purified by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration and cesiumchloride density-gradient centrifugation. Based on the criteria of size and appearance of the bands and their electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, Western blotting together with the amino acid analysis, it is very likely that the human breast milk mucin is MUC1. It was shown that this breast milk mucin inhibits poxvirus activity by 100% using an inhibition assay with a viral concentration of 2.4 million plaque-forming units/ml. As the milk mucin seems to aggregate poxviruses prior to their entry into host cells, it is possible that this mucin may also inhibit other enveloped viruses such as HIV from entry into host cells.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Apolipoprotein C-III Reduces Plasma Triglycerides in Rodents, Nonhuman Primates, and Humans (2013)

Antisense inhibition of apoC-III in preclinical models and in a phase I clinical trial with healthy subjects produced potent, selective reductions in plasma apoC-III and triglyceride, 2 known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This compelling pharmacological profile supports further clinical investigations in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
Secondary structure of the self-cleaving RNA of hepatitis delta virus: applications to catalytic RNA design (1992)

A model for the secondary structure of the self-cleaving RNA from hepatitis delta virus was tested. Specific base changes were introduced in each of four regions with the potential for base-pairing (stems I-IV), and for each variant sequence, a rate constant for cleavage was determined. In each stem, mutations that would interfere with Watson-Crick base-pairing also reduced the first-order rate constants by 10-10(4)-fold relative to the unmodified version. Within stems I and II and a shortened form of stem IV, compensatory changes resulted in rates of cleavage equal to or greater than the unaltered ribozyme sequence. Stem III compensatory mutants cleaved faster than the uncompensated mutants although they were not as active as the natural sequence, suggesting additional sequence-dependent requirements within this region. Structure probing of RNA containing the stem II mutations provided an independent confirmation of stem II in the ribozyme. The predictive value of the model was tested by designing two trans-acting ribozymes which were circularly permuted composites of genomic, antigenomic, and unique sequences. The core of these two catalytic RNAs was the same, but they otherwise differed in that, in one of them, a constraining tetraloop sequence was added to stem II. Both ribozymes catalyzed the trans cleavage of a substrate oligoribonucleotide, thus providing additional evidence for stem II and the proposed structure in general.
The 5-HT4 Agonists Cisapride, Mosapride, and CJ-033466, a Novel Potent Compound, Exhibit Different Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene (hERG)-Blocking Activities (2007)

The blocking effect of three 5-HT(4) agonists, cisapride, mosapride, and the newly discovered CJ-033466 on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel was studied using a whole cell patch-clamp technique in HEK293 cells. Cisapride was found to be the most potent of the hERG blockers. CJ-033466 had the widest safety margin between its hERG blocking activity and 5-HT(4) agonism among the tested compounds. This suggests a lower clinical risk of cardiac arrhythmia in CJ-033466 compared with the other 2 agonists. Therefore, CJ-033466 has the potential to be a drug with higher therapeutic efficacy and less cardiac risk than both cisapride and mosapride.
The regulated expression of B lineage associated genes during B cell differentiation in bone marrow and fetal liver. (1993)

The expression of B lineage associated genes during early B cell differentiation stages is not firmly established. Using cell surface markers and multiparameter flow cytometry, bone marrow (BM) cells can be resolved into six fractions, representing sequential stages of development; i.e., pre-Pro-B, early Pro-B, late Pro-B/large Pre-B, small Pre-B, immature B, and mature B cells. Here we quantitate the levels of several B lineage associated genes in each of these fractions by RT-PCR, demonstrating different patterns of expression. We find that expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), lambda 5, and VpreB is predominantly restricted to the Pro-B stages. Rag-1 and Rag-2 expression is also tightly regulated, and is found largely in the Pro-B through small Pre-B stages. Mb-1 is present from Pro-B throughout the pathway at high levels. Finally, Bcl-2 is expressed at high levels only at the pre-Pro-B and mature B stages, whereas it is low during all the intermediate stages. We also correlate this expression data with an analysis of the onset of Ig gene rearrangement as assessed by amplifying D-JH, VH-DJH, and VK-JK. Finally, we report differences in gene expression during B lymphopoiesis at two distinct ontogenic timings, in fetal liver and adult BM: both TdT and the precursor lymphocyte regulated myosin-like light chain are expressed at high levels in the Pro-B cell stage in bone marrow, but are absent from the corresponding fraction in fetal liver. In contrast, lambda 5, VpreB, Rag-1, and Rag-2 are expressed at comparable levels.
Circulating tumor-derived DNA is shorter than somatic DNA in plasma (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The cytoskeleton of stromal cells from human bone marrow cultures resembles that of cultured smooth muscle cells. (1990)

The cytoskeleton of stromal cells from the adherent layer of human Dexter-type cultures has been studied. It was found that the stress fibers contained actin specific for smooth muscle, mainly the alpha SM actin isoform. The intermediate filaments consisted of vimentin, and there were no desmin filaments. This pattern was similar to that of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. The detectability of the alpha SM actin isoform is coincident with the appearance of stromal cells in long-term marrow cultures and may provide a useful marker for stromal cells. The potential in vivo cellular counterpart for stromal cells generated in the Dexter-type culture system is discussed.
Design of a system for real-time worm detection (2005)

Recent well publicized attacks have made it clear that worms constitute a threat to Internet security. Systems that secure networks against malicious code are expected to be a part of the critical Internet infrastructure in the future. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) currently have limited use because they can filter only known worms. We present the design and implementation of a system that automatically detects new worms in real-time by monitoring traffic on a network. The system uses field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to scan packets for patterns of similar content. Given that a new worm hits the network and the rate of infection is high, the system is automatically able to detect an outbreak. Frequently occurring strings in packet payloads are instantly reported as likely worm signatures.
35‐1: Strategy for Developing an Ultra‐High‐Luminance AMOLED Display (2018)

To obtain a high‐luminance active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display compatible with the high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) technology, we investigated the effect of basic components, e.g., field‐effect transistor, pixel circuit, OLED structure, and organic material. Combining these technologies, we fabricated a high‐luminance display with a peak luminance exceeding 3,000 cd/m 2 .
Combretastatin A4 Phosphate: A Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent (2010)

Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) is the lead compound of a relatively new class of agents termed vascular disrupting agents that target existing tumor blood vessels. Rapid tumor blood flow shutdown has been demonstrated in preclinical models and patients by various techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, perfusion computed tomography and PET scans following CA4P infusion. CA4P typically induces rapid tumor necrosis in the center of the tumor and leaves a rim of viable cells in the periphery. In oncology, CA4P does not appear to be that active by itself, but may be more efficacious when combined with chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy and radiation therapy. Studies are currently underway, which combine CA4P with antiangiogenic agents. Side effects have included hypertension, tumor pain and occasional cardiovascular toxicity, without any significant myelosuppression or disabling systemic symptoms. The utility of CA4P for conditions other than cancer, which involves neovascularization such as macular degeneration, is also being explored.
Automated multi-view 3D image acquisition in human genome research (2003)

One of the main problems of 3D imaging in optical microscopy is nonisotropic optical resolution of acquired 3D data. For instance, in confocal laser scanning microscopy, axial resolution is 2-3 times worse than lateral resolution. A sophisticated solution to this problem is so-called micro-axial tomography that provides a good means for microscopic image acquisition of cells or subcellular components like cell nuclei with an improved resolution achieved by object tilting and acquisition of a series of mutually tilted 3D image data. Since the very early developments of micro-axial tomography a considerable drawback of this method has been the complicated image acquisition and processing procedure that requires much operator time. In order to solve this problem, advanced microscopy and automated computer image acquisition and analysis were brought together. Special software that drives all hardware components required for automated micro-axial tomography was developed. It performs multi-view 3D image acquisition as well as related image processing.
Prospero: A Tool for Organizing Internet Resources (1992)

Recent growth of the Internet has greatly increased the amount of information that is accessible and the number of resources that are available to users. To exploit this growth, it must be possible for users to find the information and resources they need. Existing techniques for organizing systems have evolved from those used on centralized systems, but these techniques are inadequate for organizing information on a global scale. This article describes Prospero, a distributed file system based on the Virtual System Model. Prospero provides tools to help users organize Internet resources. These tools allow users to construct customized views of available resources, while taking advantage of the structure imposed by others. Prospero provides a framework that can tie together various indexing services producing the fabric on which resource discovery techniques can be applied.
Measurement of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion by in vivo gastric autotitration (2002)

Measurement of meal- stimulated gastric acid secretion using manual intragastric titration is demanding in terms of personnel and specialized equipment. In the present study, we used a new method, in vivo gastric autotitration, to determine meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Gastric pH was measured every 4 s before, during, and after ingestion of a standard meal in 24 healthy subjects. Placebo, ranitidine (150 mg), ranitidine (75 mg), or famotidine (10 mg) was given 1 h after the beginning of the meal. Meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was calculated from the amount of HCl required to titrate the homogenized standard meal to pH 2 in vitro (119 mmol) and the time required for the pH of the ingested meal to decrease to pH 2 in vivo. Values for pH were also converted to acid concentration (mM), and integrated acidity was calculated from the cumulative, time-weighted means of the acid concentrations for every fourth second of the postprandial recording period. Control meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was 60 (40-71) mmol/h (median; interquartile range), and each histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist significantly decreased secretion by approximately 50%. Meal-stimulated acid secretion correlated directly with postprandial integrated gastric acidity (r = 0.72; P = 0.0001). Thus intragastric autotitration is a convenient, reproducible method for measuring gastric acid secretion after ingestion of a solid meal and offers several advantages over manual intragastric titration.
Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of the World. Part 1: phylogenetic higher classification (2004)

Twenty-nine monophyletic species groups based on the study of nearly 200 species of the Ephemeroptera family Heptageniidae from North and Central America, Africa, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia were subjected to cladistic analysis in order to hypothesize their interrelationships and produce a framework for a strict phylogenetic higher classification for the family. As a result, three sequentially derived major clades are recognized as the subfamilies Ecdyonurinae, Heptageniinae, and Rhithrogeninae. The Ecdyonurinae is divided into four tribes: the Ecdyonurini, containing the genera Nixe Flowers and Ecdyonurus Eaton; the Leucrocutini, n. trib., containing the genera Siberionurus McCafferty and Leucrocuta Flowers; the Notacanthurini, n. trib., containing the genera Notacanthurus Tshernova and Electrogena Zurwerra and Tomka; and the Atopopini, n. trib., containing the genera Afronurus Lestage [=Cinygmina Kimmins, n. syn.], Asionurus Braasch and Sold?n, Thalerosphyrus Eaton [=Compsoneuriella Ulmer, n. syn.; =Notonurus Crass, n. syn.], and Atopopus Eaton. The Heptageniinae is divided into four tribes: the Compsoneuriini, n. trib., containing the genera Compsoneuria Eaton and Trichogenia Braasch and Sold?n; the Heptageniini, containing the genera Heptagenia Walsh, Dacnogenia Kluge, n. stat., and Raptoheptagenia Whiting and Lehmkuhl; the Kageroniini, n. trib., containing the genera Kageronia Matsumura [=Parastenacron Kluge, n. syn.] and Stenacron Jensen; and the Stenonematini, n. trib., containing the genera Macdunnoa Lehmkuhl, Maccaffertium Bednarik, n. stat., and Stenonema Traver. The Rhithrogeninae is divided into four tribes: the Rhithrogenini, containing the genera Paegniodes Eaton, Rhithrogena Eaton [=Rhithwgeniella Ulmer, n. syn.], and Cinygmula McDunnough [=Epeiron Demoulin, n. syn.; =Ororotsia Traver, n. syn.]; the Cinygmatini, containing the genus Cinygma Eaton [=Cinygmoides Matsumura, n. syn.]; the Epeorini, n. trib., containing the genera Bleptus Eaton, Ironodes Traver, and Epeorus Eaton [=Epeorella Ulmer, n. syn.]; and the Anepeorini, containing the genera Anepeorus McDunnough [=Acanthomola Whiting and Lehmkuhl, n. syn.] and Spinadis Edmunds and Jensen. The nomenclatural history of the higher classification of the family, bases for the new classification and synonymies, and the biogeography and evolution of the genera are discussed.
What pharmacist's assistants need to know about emergency contraception : contraception (2014)

Emergency contraception, also sometimes known as the morning-after pill, is a form of birth control that may be used as an emergency measure for women who have had recent unprotected intercourse. Women who have had a recent possible failure of another method of contraception are also potential candidates for this intervention. The treatment is generally reserved for emergency situations, and is not appropriate as a regular method of birth control. Emergency situations include having a condom break or slip off during sex, missing two or more pills during a monthly cycle, when delaying depot medroxyprogesterone injections, or having unplanned sex (this includes victims of a sexual assault or rape, when no method of birth control was used). Emergency contraception is not a form of abortion. It is used as a back-up method to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, and not to end one.
Tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells develop cytotoxic activity and eradicate large established melanoma after transfer into lymphopenic hosts (2010)

Adoptive transfer of large numbers of tumor-reactive CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expanded and differentiated in vitro has shown promising clinical activity against cancer. However, such protocols are complicated by extensive ex vivo manipulations of tumor-reactive cells and have largely focused on CD8(+) CTLs, with much less emphasis on the role and contribution of CD4(+) T cells. Using a mouse model of advanced melanoma, we found that transfer of small numbers of naive tumor-reactive CD4(+) T cells into lymphopenic recipients induces substantial T cell expansion, differentiation, and regression of large established tumors without the need for in vitro manipulation. Surprisingly, CD4(+) T cells developed cytotoxic activity, and tumor rejection was dependent on class II-restricted recognition of tumors by tumor-reactive CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, blockade of the coinhibitory receptor CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the transferred CD4(+) T cells resulted in greater expansion of effector T cells, diminished accumulation of tumor-reactive regulatory T cells, and superior antitumor activity capable of inducing regression of spontaneous mouse melanoma. These findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic role for cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells and CTLA-4 blockade in cancer immunotherapy, and demonstrate the potential advantages of differentiating tumor-reactive CD4(+) cells in vivo over current protocols favoring in vitro expansion and differentiation.