gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use air sparging and vapor extraction to remediate subsurface organics (1996)

In situ air sparging (IAS) is used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from groundwater aquifers. Conceptually, the standard IAS process is simple -- clean air is injected into an aquifer beneath the water table. This induces the mass transfer of VOCs dissolved in groundwater, forcing them into the vapor phase. It also adds oxygen to the groundwater, promoting aerobic bioremediation. By forcing contaminated vapors to migrate from the saturated portions of the aquifer to the vadose (unsaturated) zone above the water table, IAS promotes aquifer remediation by a host of physical, chemical and biological processes. To control the potential migration of organic vapors as they move from the aquifer to the vadose zone -- or to capture unwanted pollutants for destruction or recycling at the surface -- soil vapor extraction (SVE) is often applied in conjunction with IAS. In such a setup, vacuum pumps at the surface induce the movement of sparged contaminants to a series of vapor-extraction wells. Vapors collected at the surface are then subjected to any combination of standard ex situ treatment schemes, including carbon adsorption, catalytic oxidation, biofiltration or condensation. In addition to the standard, vertical-well method, several additional techniques can be used to apply more » air sparging, including sparging gate-wells, trenches and ``curtains.`` « less
Swing-Free Transport of Suspended Objects With a Path-Controlled Robot Manipulator (1985)

Objects which cannot be directly grasped by the end effector of a robot manipulator and must be carried by a hook or similar device are susceptible to swinging during transport. For a simply suspended object, it is possible to use a path-controlled manipulator to achieve a swing-free motion. The trajectory consists of an initial acceleration to an intermediate velocity, then a secondary acceleration to final velocity. An experimental demonstration of the method is presented.
Recommended Test Panel for Differentiation of Klebsiella Species on the Basis of a Trilateral Interlaboratory Evaluation of 18 Biochemical Tests (2004)

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca are the two most frequently encountered Klebsiella species giving rise to infections in humans, but other Klebsiella species can also be found in clinical specimens: Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Klebsiella terrigena, Klebsiella planticola, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, and Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis). However, many of these species are indistinguishable by the conventional methods employed routinely in the clinical microbiological laboratory. Several investigators have suggested various additional tests, but as yet there is no standardized test panel for identifying all Klebsiella species and subspecies. In the present study, performed in three national Klebsiella reference laboratories, we have evaluated a test panel consisting of 18 biochemical tests on 242 strains comprising all Klebsiella species and subspecies. The test panel was designed to identify organisms preliminarily identified as belonging to the genus Klebsiella on the basis of conventional methods or automated identification systems. With the described test panel it is possible to find one or more positive test results differentiating any Klebsiella species, except Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, from its closest relative.
Giant-Cell Arteritis — More Ecstasy, Less Agony (2017)

If Irving Stone had written a book about giant-cell arteritis rather than about Michelangelo, he might have chosen The Ecstasy and the Agony as the more appropriate title. As many physicians know, diagnosing giant-cell arteritis and witnessing the patient’s dramatic initial response to treatment are much more fulfilling than managing a disease that lasts for months or years and that leads to the use of glucocorticoids in doses that result in a litany of side effects, including weight gain, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis. This vexing challenge of treating giant-cell arteritis explains why doctors and patients will welcome the results of . . .
Evidence for Persistent Vitamin D 1-Alpha-Hydroxylation in Hemodialysis Patients: Evolution of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol after 6 Months of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Treatment (2008)

The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Improvement (KDOQI) guidelines do not recommend checking and treating vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 patients due to the supposed lack of 1,25(OH)(2)D production. These data confirm persistent renal or extra-renal production of 1,25(OH)(2)D in HD patients after 6 months of 25(OH)D(3) administration. Diabetes is the main factor associated with impaired 1,25(OH)(2)D production. 25(OH)D(3 )administration corrects vitamin D deficiency with few effects on mineral metabolism and stability of bone turnover markers.
Megafaunal diversity associated with marine landscapes of northern Norway: a preliminary assessment (1996)

The purpose of this report was to describe the frequency and morphology of infrarenal aortic aneurysms suitable for endovascular tube graft repair. Preoperative abdominal CT scans of 89 patients undergoing open tube graft repair were analyzed retrospectively by measurements of lengths and diameters of the aneurysms. The cases were divided into 3 separate groups: most suitable aneurysms with neck and cuff in 10% (9/89), aneurysms (59%, 52/89) with either a neck (92%) or a cuff (8%), and finally aneurysms without a neck or a cuff (31%, 28/89). The anatomically suitable aneurysms have a neck of 31 +/- 19 mm in length and 23 +/- 4 mm in diameter, a cuff of 17 +/- 6 mm in length and 25 +/- 6 mm in diameter. The aneurysms have a nearly saccular nature with a "saccular index" of 0.81 +/- 0.17, p = 0.009. It appears that 10% of aneurysms restricted to the infrarenal aortic segment fulfill all criterias for endovascular straight tube graft repair.
Mouse neutrophilic granulocytes express mRNA encoding the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) as well as many other macrophage-specific transcripts and can transdifferentiate into macrophages in vitro in response to CSF-1 (2007)

The differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), which binds to a receptor (CSF-1R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. We have previously used the promoter region of the CSF-1R gene to direct expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene to resident macrophage populations in transgenic mice. In this paper, we show that the EGFP reporter is also expressed in all granulocytes detected with the Gr-1 antibody, which binds to Ly-6C and Ly-6G or with a Ly-6G-specific antibody. Transgene expression reflects the presence of CSF-1R mRNA but not CSF-1R protein. The same pattern is observed with the macrophage-specific F4/80 marker. Based on these findings, we performed a comparative array profiling of highly purified granulocytes and macrophages. The patterns of mRNA expression differed predominantly through granulocyte-specific expression of a small subset of transcription factors (Egr1, HoxB7, STAT3), known abundant granulocyte proteins (e.g., S100A8, S100A9, neutrophil elastase), and specific receptors (fMLP, G-CSF). These findings suggested that appropriate stimuli might mediate rapid interconversion of the major myeloid cell types, for example, in inflammation. In keeping with this hypothesis, we showed that purified Ly-6G-positive granulocytes express CSF-1R after overnight culture and can subsequently differentiate to form F4/80-positive macrophages in response to CSF-1.
Topical antiviral agents for herpes simplex virus infections (1998)

Several antiviral agents against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection have been clinically studied. Earlier therapies include gluteraldehyde, povidone-iodine, butylated hydroxytoluene and ether. Nucleoside analogs have been tested for efficacy in HSV. Although acyclovir and adenine arabinoside have shown minimal therapeutic benefit, cidofovir has been successful in the treatment of acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV, and idoxuridine 15% in dimethyl sulfoxide, edoxudine and penciclovir have significant clinical benefit against HSV. Interferon-alpha has shown synergism with other anti-HSV drugs such as caffeine, trifluorothymidine, dimethyl sulfoxide and nonoxynol-9, and ascorbic acid shows promising effects against HSV. Using a vehicle that enhances skin penetration of a drug or further exploring combination therapy may result in efficacious treatment of HSV. Vaccination or gene therapy may also prove beneficial in future studies.
Light-Harvesting Polymer Systems (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLight-Harvesting Polymer SystemsMARYE ANNE FOX, WAYNE E. JONES, JR., and DIANA M. WATKINSView Author Information University of Texas, AustinCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 11, 38–48Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 15 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n011.p038https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n011.p038newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Polymers,Solar energy Get e-Alerts
Repair of heteroduplex plasmid DNA after transformation into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

Purified heteroduplex plasmid DNAs containing 8- or 12-base-pair insertion mismatches or AC or CT substitution mismatches were used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two insertion mismatches, separated by 943 base pairs, were repaired independently of each other at least 55% of the time. This suggested that repair tracts were frequently shorter than 1 kilobase. The two insertion mismatches were repaired with different efficiencies. Comparison of the repair efficiency of one mismatched site with or without an adjacent mismatch suggests that mismatches promote their own repair and can influence the repair of neighboring mismatches. When two different plasmids containing single-insertion mismatches were transformed into S. cerevisiae cells, a slight preference towards insertion was detected among repair products of one of the two plasmids, while no repair preference was detected among transformants with the second plasmid.
Circadian clock regulates the host response to Salmonella (2013)

Organisms adapt to day-night cycles through highly specialized circadian machinery, whose molecular components anticipate and drive changes in organism behavior and metabolism. Although many effectors of the immune system are known to follow daily oscillations, the role of the circadian clock in the immune response to acute infections is not understood. Here we show that the circadian clock modulates the inflammatory response during acute infection with the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Mice infected with S. Typhimurium were colonized to higher levels and developed a higher proinflammatory response during the early rest period for mice, compared with other times of the day. We also demonstrate that a functional clock is required for optimal S. Typhimurium colonization and maximal induction of several proinflammatory genes. These findings point to a clock-regulated mechanism of activation of the immune response against an enteric pathogen and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies for chronopharmacologic interventions.
A Prospective Study of 5 Years of GH Replacement Therapy in GH-Deficient Adults: Sustained Effects on Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Metabolic Indices (2001)

GH replacement therapy has proved its efficacy and safety in short-term trials and in a few long-term trials with limited number of subjects. In this 1-center study, including 118 consecutive adults (70 men and 48 women; mean age, 49.3 yr; range, 22-74 yr) with adult-onset GH deficiency, the effects of 5 yr of GH replacement on body composition, bone mass, and metabolic indices were determined. The mean initial GH dose was 0.98 mg/d. The dose was gradually lowered, and after 5 yr the mean dose was 0.48 mg/d. The mean IGF-I SD score increased from -1.73 at baseline to 1.66 at study end. A sustained increase in lean body mass and a decrease in body fat were observed. The GH treatment increased total body bone mineral content as well as lumbar (L2-L4) and femur neck bone mineral contents. BMD in lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femur neck were increased and normalized at study end. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. At 5 yr, serum concentrations of triglycerides and hemoglobin A(1c) were reduced compared with baseline values. The treatment responses in IGF-I SD score, body fat as estimated by four- and five-compartment body composition models, total body protein and nitrogen, and lumbar bone mineral content and BMD were more marked in men than in women. One patient died during the period, four patients discontinued the study due to adverse events, and one dropped out due to lack of compliance. Four patients were lost to follow-up. However, all patients were retained in the statistical analysis according to the intention to treat approach used. In conclusion, 5 yr of GH substitution in GH-deficient adults is safe and well tolerated. The effects on body composition, bone mass, and metabolic indices were sustained. The effects on body composition and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were seen after 1 yr, whereas the effects on bone mass, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A(1c) were first observed after years of treatment.
Angiotensinogen-deficient mice with hypotension. (1994)

The renin-angiotensin system is an enzymatic cascade that produces a potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide angiotensin II, through its physiologically inactive intermediate decapeptide angiotensin I, from their precursor angiotensinogen. In the present study, we generated angiotensinogen-deficient mice by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. These mice do not produce angiotensinogen in the liver, resulting in the complete loss of plasma immunoreactive angiotensin I. The systolic blood pressure of the homozygous mutant mice was 66.9 +/- 4.1 mm Hg, significantly lower than that of wild-type mice (100.4 +/- 4.4 mm Hg). This profound hypotension in angiotensinogen-deficient mice demonstrates an indispensable role for the renin-angiotensin system in maintaining blood pressure.
Spatial and temporal distributions of zooplankton in Tampa Bay, Florida, including observations during a HAB event (2008)

This study describes spatial and temporal distributions of the zooplankton community in Tampa Bay, including their distributions during a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense. Three sites in the bay were sampled 30 times from April 2002 to April 2003. Abundances of holoplankton (copepod nauplii included), meroplankton and microzooplankton were determined using light microscopy. This is the first observation of microzooplankton in Tampa Bay. Phytoplankton composition, temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a were also determined. Generally, the inner bay had higher zooplankton abundances than the mid-and outer regions of the bay. The dominant holoplankton species were copepod nauplii, Oithona colcarva, Acartia tonsa and the larveacean Oikopleura dioica. Bivalve larvae were the most abundant meroplanktonic taxa and tintinnids the most abundant microzooplankton. A major bloom of P. bahamense was observed in the inner bay during the summer. During the bloom, numerical abundances of O. colcarva and A. tonsa declined, while abundances of O. dioica mimicked the pattern of P. bahamense abundance. Picoplankton and diatom concentrations also decreased during the bloom. Spatial patterns and temporal trends in zooplankton distribution suggest that regional differences in water residence times, salinity regimes and grazing pressures are important driving factors in the composition and abundance of zooplankton in Tampa Bay. The results of the study are discussed within the context of historical observation of the zooplankton community.
Femoral Condyle Geometry in the Normal and Varus Knee (1998)

Femoral condyle geometry was evaluated in 30 normal and 30 varus knees using magnetic resonance imaging. In the sagittal view, the distal part of the medial condyle was deformed in the varus knees, but there was no significant difference in the posterior part of the medial condyle between the normal and varus knees. In the transverse view, the transepicondylar axis (a reliable rotational landmark) showed approximately 6 degrees external rotation relative to the posterior condylar axis in the varus knees and the normal knees. The results of this study suggest that no hypoplasia exists at the posterior part of the medial condyle in varus knees. In addition, the posterior condylar axis may be a reliable rotational landmark but is in relative internal rotation in varus knees when total knee arthroplasty is performed.
Imaging TCR-Dependent NFAT-Mediated T-Cell Activation with Positron Emission Tomography In Vivo (2001)

A noninvasive method for molecular imaging of T-cell activity in vivo would be of considerable value. It would aid in understanding the role of specific genes and signal transduction pathways in the course of normal and pathologic immune responses, and could elucidate temporal dynamics and immune regulation at different stages of disease and following therapy. We developed and assessed a novel method for monitoring the T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-mediated activation of T cells by optical fluorescence imaging (OFI) and positron emission tomography (PET). The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase/green fluorescent protein [HSV1-tk/GFP (TKGFP)] dual reporter gene was used to monitor NFAT-mediated transcriptional activation in human Jurkat cells. A recombinant retrovirus bearing the NFAT-TKGFP reporter system was constructed in which the TKGFP reporter gene was placed under control of an artificial cis-acting NFAT-specific enhancer. Transduced Jurkat cells were used to establish subcutaneous infiltrates in nude rats. We demonstrated that noninvasive OFI and nuclear imaging of T-cell activation is feasible using the NFAT-TKGFP reporter system. PET imaging with [(124)I]FIAU using the NFAT-TKGFP reporter system is sufficiently sensitive to detect T-cell activation in vivo. PET images were confirmed by independent measurements of T-cell activation (e.g., CD69) and induction of GFP fluorescence. PET imaging of TCR-induced NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity may be useful in the assessment of T cell responses, T-cell-based adoptive therapies, vaccination strategies and immunosuppressive drugs.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the breakpoint region at 6q21–22 in T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines (2002)

Chromosome band 6q21 is reported to be one of the most frequent target regions in T-cell lymphoma for both translocations and deletions. To explore whether the breakpoint clustering in T-cell malignancy indicates the presence of a common breakpoint region in 6q, we employed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using various YAC, BAC, and PAC clones aligned at 6q21-22. We identified two T-cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines with different differentiation stages that had breakpoints within the same novel gene, TCBA1 (T-cell lymphoma breakpoint associated target 1). In a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line, HT-1, the TCBA1 fused to SUSP1 (SUMO-1-specific protease), creating a SUSP1-TCBA1 chimeric gene. However, in an adult T-cell leukemia cell line, ATN-1, no chimeric gene was detected, although aberrant TCBA1 transcripts were produced. We conclude that TCBA1 is a possible target gene for T-cell lineage-specific chromosome aberrations at 6q21.
Over-Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice (2007)

These findings indicate that Hsp27 may play a key role in resistance to doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Thermostability of poliovirus and measles vaccines. (1996)

Oral poliovirus vaccine, which has almost prevented the appearance of new poliomyelitis cases in the world, has been stabilized by incorporating molar MgCl2 into the vaccine. With the stabilizer, the virus can be held for years at 4 degrees C, and for six weeks at 22-25 degrees C, with no loss in titre. The stabilized virus loses 0.5 log10 units in three days at 37 degrees C, and in three hours at 45 degrees C. The MgCl2-stabilized vaccine, after being held at 30 degrees C for 21 days, elicited an antibody response in humans equal to that of standard vaccine maintained in the frozen state and thawed just before administration. The goal of WHO is to have a vaccine that does not lose any potency when held at 45 degrees C for at least seven days. Several approaches have been explored, with the addition of heavy water (Crainic et al, this volume) plus MgCl2 being the best. When poliovaccine is formulated with heavy water and MgCl2, it is more thermostable than in ordinary water containing molar MgCl2. Reconstituted measles vaccine rapidly loses potency at room temperature. At 22-25 degrees C, there is usually a 50% loss in potency in one hour, and at higher temperatures the reconstituted vaccine loses potency even more rapidly, and cannot be used. When molar MgSO4 is added, measles vaccine is stabilized, losing only 0.3 log10 in 30 minutes at 50 degrees C.
Adjuvanticity of the oil-in-water emulsion MF59 is independent of Nlrp3 inflammasome but requires the adaptor protein MyD88 (2011)

Oil-in-water emulsions have been successfully used to increase the efficacy, immunogenicity, and cross-protection of human vaccines; however, their mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Nlrp3 inflammasome has been previously associated to the activity of alum, another adjuvant broadly used in human vaccines, and MyD88 adaptor protein is required for the adjuvanticity of most Toll-like receptor agonists. We compared the contribution of Nlrp3 and MyD88 to the adjuvanticity of alum, the oil-in-water emulsion MF59, and complete Freund's adjuvant in mice using a three-component vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (rMenB). Although the basal antibody responses to the nonadjuvanted rMenB vaccine were largely dependent on Nlrp3, the high-level antibody responses induced by alum, MF59, or complete Freund's adjuvant did not require Nlrp3. Surprisingly, we found that MF59 requires MyD88 to enhance bactericidal antibody responses to the rMenB vaccine. Because MF59 did not activate any of the Toll-like receptors in vitro, we propose that MF59 requires MyD88 for a Toll-like receptor-independent signaling pathway.