gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and comparison of two molecular species of the BAL 31 nuclease from Alteromonas espejiana with distinct kinetic properties. (1983)

The extracellular nuclease from Alteromonas espejiana sp. BAL 31 can be isolated as two distinct proteins, the "fast" (F) and "slow" (S) species, both of which have been purified to homogeneity. The F and S species of the nuclease have molecular weights, respectively, of 109 X 10(3) and 85 X 10(3), and both are single polypeptide chains with an isoelectric pH near 4.2. Both species catalyze the degradation of single-stranded and linear duplex DNAs to 5'-mononucleotides. The degradation of linear duplex DNA occurs through a terminally directed hydrolysis mechanism that results in the removal of nucleotides from both the 3' and 5' ends. Apparent Michaelis constants (Km) have been obtained for the exonuclease activities of both species and for the activity against single-stranded DNA of the S species. The Km for the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA catalyzed by the F species has not been obtained because the reaction velocity was maximal even at the lowest substrate concentrations accessible in the photometric assay. The ratio of the turnover numbers for the exonuclease activities of the two species indicates that the F species will shorten linear duplex DNA at a rate 27 +/- 5 (S.D.) times faster than an equimolar concentration of the S species in the limit of high substrate concentration, while the corresponding ratio for the activities against single-stranded DNA (1.2 +/- 0.1) shows that the two species are similar with respect to hydrolysis of this substrate. In the limit of high substrate concentrations, the F and S species break phosphodiester bonds in single-stranded DNA at rates 1.3 +/- 0.3 and 33 +/- 2 times those for the exonucleolytic degradation of linear duplex DNA, respectively. It has not been established whether the two species are physically related.
Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in human platelets (1998)

In this study, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dose-dependently (100-300 microg/ml) and time-dependently (10-60 min) inhibited platelet aggregation in human platelets stimulated by agonists. LPS also dose-dependently inhibited the phosphoinositide breakdown and the intracellular Ca+2 mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen. LPS (300 microg/ml) also significantly inhibited the thromboxane A2 formation stimulated by collagen in human platelets. Moreover, LPS (100-300 microg/ml) dose-dependently decreased the fluorescence of platelet membranes tagged with diphenylhexatrience. In addition, LPS (200 and 300 microg/ml) significantly increased the formation of cyclic GMP but not cyclic AMP in platelets. LPS (200 microg/ml) also significantly increased the production of nitrate within a 30 min incubation period. Rapid phosphorylation of a platelet protein of Mr 47,000, a marker of protein kinase C activation, was triggered by phorbol-12-13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 50 nM). This phosphorylation was markedly inhibited by LPS (200 microg/ml) within a 30 min incubation period. These results indicate that the antiplatelet activity of LPS may be involved in two important pathways. (1) LPS may induce conformational changes in the platelet membrane, leading to change in the activity of phospholipase C. (2) LPS also activated the formation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP in human platelets, resulting in inhibition of platelet aggregation. Therefore, LPS-mediated alteration of platelet function may contribute to bleeding diathesis in septicaemic and endotoxaemic patients.
2-Aza-2′-deoxyadenosine: Synthesis, Base-Pairing Selectivity, and Stacking Properties of Oligonucleotides (2000)

2-Aza-2'-deoxyadenosine (2, z2Ad) is synthesized via its 1,N6-etheno derivative 7 and enzymatically deaminated to 2-aza-2'-deoxyinosine (3). Compound 2 is converted into the phosphoramidite building block 10b. This is employed in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The 2-azapurine base forms a strong base pair with guanine, but a much weaker one with adenine, thymine, and cytosine. Oligonucleotide duplexes with dangling nucleotide residues, such as 2-aza-2'-deoxyadenosine and 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (4, c7Ad), either on one or both termini, are synthesized, and the thermal stability of the duplexes is correlated with the hydrophobic properties of the dangling nucleotide residues.
Single-radial-hemolysis: a new method for the assay of antibody to influenza haemagglutinin. Applications for diagnosis and seroepidemiologic surveillance of influenza. (1975)

A simple single-radial-haemolysis technique is described that permits the detection and assay of antibody to influenza virus haemagglutinin. The method depends on the passive haemolysis of virus-treated erythrocytes by antihaemagglutinin antibody and complement. Under the "standard" test conditions described antibody to the other surface antigen of the influenza virus (neuraminidase) or to the internal antigens of the virus (nucleoprotein and matrix protein) do not produce haemolysis. Because it requires only small amounts of crude virus antigen and is rapid and simple, the method appears to be of considerable value for large-scale seroepidemiologic studies of new influenza virus variants. Antihaemagglutinin antibody detected by single-radial-haemolysis appears to be relatively strain-specific; the technique may therefore be useful in the antigenic characterization of virus isolates.
Hair flow sensors: from bio-inspiration to bio-mimicking—a review (2012)

A great many living beings, such as aquatics and arthropods, are equipped with highly sensitive flow sensors to help them survive in challenging environments. These sensors are excellent sources of inspiration for developing application-driven artificial flow sensors with high sensitivity and performance. This paper reviews the bio-inspirations on flow sensing in nature and the bio-mimicking efforts to emulate such sensing mechanisms in recent years. The natural flow sensing systems in aquatics and arthropods are reviewed to highlight inspirations at multiple levels such as morphology, sensing mechanism and information processing. Biomimetic hair flow sensors based on different sensing mechanisms and fabrication technologies are also reviewed to capture the recent accomplishments and to point out areas where further progress is necessary. Biomimetic flow sensors are still in their early stages. Further efforts are required to unveil the sensing mechanisms in the natural biological systems and to achieve multi-level bio-mimicking of the natural system to develop their artificial counterparts.
Rapamycin Promotes Expansion of Functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells of Both Healthy Subjects and Type 1 Diabetic Patients (2006)

CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are pivotal for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance in both mice and humans. Rapamycin has been shown to promote tolerance in experimental models and to favor CD4+CD25+ Treg-dependent suppression. We recently reported that rapamycin allows in vitro expansion of murine CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs, which preserve their suppressive function. In the current study, we show that activation of human CD4+ T cells from healthy subjects in the presence of rapamycin leads to growth of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and to selective depletion of CD4+CD25- T effector cells, which are highly sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of the compound. The rapamycin-expanded Tregs suppress proliferation of both syngeneic and allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs also in type 1 diabetic patients, in whom a defect in freshly isolated CD4+CD25+ Tregs has been reported. The capacity of rapamycin to allow growth of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, but also to deplete T effector cells, can be exploited for the design of novel and safe in vitro protocols for cellular immunotherapy in T cell-mediated diseases.
Metalearning: a survey of trends and technologies (2013)

Metalearning attracted considerable interest in the machine learning community in the last years. Yet, some disagreement remains on what does or what does not constitute a metalearning problem and in which contexts the term is used in. This survey aims at giving an all-encompassing overview of the research directions pursued under the umbrella of metalearning, reconciling different definitions given in scientific literature, listing the choices involved when designing a metalearning system and identifying some of the future research challenges in this domain.
Induction of uterine adenocarcinoma in CD-1 mice by catechol estrogens. (2000)

Catechol estrogens may mediate estrogen-induced carcinogenesis because 4-hydroxyestradiol induces DNA damage and renal tumors in hamsters, and this metabolite is formed in the kidney and estrogen target tissues by a specific estrogen 4-hydroxylase. We examined the carcinogenic potential of catechol estrogen in an experimental model previously reported to result in a high incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Outbred female CD-1 mice were treated with 2- or 4-hydroxyestradiol, 17beta-estradiol, or 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol on days 1-5 of neonatal life (2 microg/pup/day) and sacrificed at 12 or 18 months of age. Mice treated with 17beta-estradiol or 17a-ethinyl estradiol had a total uterine tumor incidence of 7% or 43%, respectively. 2-Hydroxyestradiol induced tumors in 12% of the mice, but 4-hydroxyestradiol was the most carcinogenic estrogen, with a 66% incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma. Both 2- and 4-hydroxylated catechols were estrogenic and increased uterine wet weights in these neonates. These data demonstrate that both 2- and 4-hydroxyestradiol are carcinogenic metabolites. The high tumor incidence induced by 4-hydroxyestradiol supports the postulated role of this metabolite in hormone-associated cancers.
Online Feedback for Structure-from-Motion Image Acquisition (2012)

The quality and completeness of 3D models obtained by Structure-fromMotion (SfM) heavily depend on the image acquisition process. If the user gets feedback about the reconstruction quality already during the acquisition, he can optimize this process. The goal of this paper is to support a user during image acquisition by giving online feedback of the current reconstruction quality. We propose an online SfM method that integrates wide-baseline still-images in an online fashion into a consistent reconstruction and we derive a surface model given the SfM point cloud. To guide the user to scene parts that are captured not very well, we colour the mesh according to redundancy and resolution information. In the experiments, we show that our approach makes the final SfM result predictable already during image acquisition. The method is suited for large-scale reconstructions as obtained by flying micro aerial vehicles as well as on small indoor environments. We propose a method that supports a user in the acquisition process in two ways: (a) sparse online SfM with accuracy close to offline methods and (b) surface extraction and quality visualization. The workflow of our method is shown in Figure 1.
High-performance data transfers using network-attached peripherals at the National Storage Laboratory (2002)

One of the main goals of the National Storage Laboratory (NSL) is to advance the state-of-the-art of network-attached, high-performance storage architectures and to relate this experience back to the IEEE Storage System Standards Working Group (SSSWP). The work to date has concentrated on high-speed data transfers directly between storage devices and client processors (supercomputers, high-performance workstations, and frame buffers) using IPI-3 over HIPPI (High-Performance Parallel Interface). Data have successfully been transferred between an IBM 9570 HIPPI Disk Array and client processors using IPI-3 third-party copy protocols. The authors present work at the NSL in three areas: using IPI-3 over HIPPI and IPI-3 third-party copy to transfer data between client processors and storage devices or other processors; (2) using IPI-3 third-party copy to transfer data directly between two storage devices; and (3) relating the work at the NSL to the work of the IEEE SSSWP, Mover Subcommittee.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual Living Free Radical and Ring Opening Polymerizations from a Double-Headed Initiator (1998)

peer reviewed
Direct synthesis of organic carbonates by oxidative carboxylation of olefins catalyzed by metal oxides: developing green chemistry based on carbon dioxide (2000)

In this paper we report on the 'oxidative-carboxylation' of olefins catalysed by either transition metal complexes or metal oxides. We discuss the oxidation mechanism under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. In the former case the process is driven by co-ordination to the metal centre, in the latter a radical reaction takes place. The yield of carbonate is strongly dependent on the catalyst used. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MODIFIED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CHYMOTRYPSIN, TRYPSIN, AND THROMBIN (1959)

The spectrophotometric procedure proposed by Schwert and Takenaka for the assay of chymotrypsin and trypsin has been modified and extended to include the application to N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and α-p-toluenesulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester. The greater degree of sensitivity and specificity thus achieved permits the determination of traces of chymotrypsin in the presence of relatively large amounts of trypsin and vice versa. A similar spectrophotometric procedure for the assay of thrombin is described.
4-1BB costimulation induces T cell mitochondrial function and biogenesis enabling cancer immunotherapeutic responses (2018)

Despite remarkable responses to cancer immunotherapy in a subset of patients, many patients remain resistant to these therapies. The tumor microenvironment can impose metabolic restrictions on T cell function, creating a resistance mechanism to immunotherapy. We have previously shown tumor-infiltrating T cells succumb to progressive loss of metabolic sufficiency, characterized by repression of mitochondrial activity that cannot be rescued by PD-1 blockade. 4-1BB, a costimulatory molecule highly expressed on exhausted T cells, has been shown to influence metabolic function. We hypothesized that 4-1BB signaling might provide metabolic support to tumor-infiltrating T cells. 4-1BB costimulation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells results in enhanced mitochondrial capacity (suggestive of fusion) and engages PGC1α-mediated pathways via activation of p38-MAPK. 4-1BB treatment of mice improves metabolic sufficiency in endogenous and adoptive therapeutic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. 4-1BB stimulation combined with PD-1 blockade results in robust antitumor immunity. Sequenced studies revealed the metabolic support afforded by 4-1BB agonism need not be continuous and that a short course of anti-4-1BB pretreatment was sufficient to provide a synergistic response. Our studies highlight metabolic reprogramming as the dominant effect of 4-1BB therapy and suggest that combinatorial strategies using 4-1BB agonism may help overcome the immunosuppressive metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment.
Tools that an NRCS Field Office Might Use to Help a Farmer in the Edwards Aquifer Area in South Texas (2007)

In an area that has limited water due to permitting, it becomes critical to assist farmer in making decisions on irrigation systems, management and tillage. Here is a list of tools/models and information that is being used by the local NRCS Field office to help in the decisions in the Edwards Aquifer area where they are limited to two acre/feet per acre of land irrigated. In this paper I will list the tools and give a brief example of how the tool or information is used. Some of the tools include things as simple as a current topo survey of the fields in question. Some of the models that are being used include CPED, CPNozzle, IWR, BORDER, BASIN, etc.
Poly-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-cytidylic acid: enzymatic synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and interaction with poly-inosinic acid (1977)

The polymerization of 2'deoxy-2'-fluoro-cytidine-diphosphate (dCflDP) by polynucleotide phosphorylase is barely detectable in the presence of Mg++ under usual experimental conditions for polymerization of nucleoside diphosphates. High concentrations of enzyme have to be used to accomplish the synthesis. Mn++ is a better activator than Mg++ for the reaction. cCflDP inhibits the polymerization of CDP and has a Km=8.8X10-3M, six times higher than CDP.- The polymer, poly (dCfl), ressembles in many respects poly(C), but not poly(dC): the acid selfstructure forms at similar pK's; interaction with poly(I) yields a 1:1 complex the CD spectrum of which is similar to that of poly(I).poly(C). Finally, the Tm's of poly(I).poly(dCfl) are comparable to those of poly(I).poly(C).
Improved Efficacy of a Licensed Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Reformulated in an Adjuvant Emulsion of Liposomes in Oil, in a Murine Model (2007)

The immunogenicities and efficacies of a licensed diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and the same vaccine formulated in a liposome/oil emulsion adjuvant were compared in a mouse model of pertussis respiratory infection. A single dose of the liposome/oil emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine produced significantly higher antibody levels than one dose of the licensed vaccine and protected mice from Bordetella pertussis infection with an efficacy equivalent to that of three doses of the licensed vaccine.
DNA alkylation properties of enhanced functional analogs of CC-1065 incorporating the 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[1,2-c]benz[1,2-e]indol-4-one (CBI) alkylation subunit (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA alkylation properties of enhanced functional analogs of CC-1065 incorporating the 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[1,2-c]benz[1,2-e]indol-4-one (CBI) alkylation subunitDale L. Boger and Stephen A. MunkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5487–5496Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00040a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systemic AAVrh10 provides higher transgene expression than AAV9 in the brain and the spinal cord of neonatal mice (2015)

Systemic delivery of self-complementary (sc) adeno-associated-virus vector of serotype 9 (AAV9) was recently shown to provide robust and widespread gene transfer to the central nervous system (CNS), opening new avenues for practical, and non-invasive gene therapy of neurological diseases. More recently, AAV of serotype rh10 (AAVrh10) was also found highly efficient to mediate CNS transduction after intravenous administration in mice. However, only a few studies compared AAV9 and AAVrh10 efficiencies, particularly in the spinal cord. In this study, we compared the transduction capabilities of AAV9 and AAVrh10 in the brain, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) after intravenous delivery in neonatal mice. As reported in previous studies, AAVrh10 achieved either similar or higher transduction than AAV9 in all the examined brain regions. The superiority of AAVrh10 over AAV9 appeared statistically significant only in the medulla and the cerebellum, but a clear trend was also observed in other structures like the hippocampus or the cortex. In contrast to previous studies, we found that AAVrh10 was more efficient than AAV9 for transduction of the dorsal spinal cord and the lower motor neurons (MNs). However, differences between the two serotypes appeared mainly significant at low dose, and surprisingly, increasing the dose did not improve AAVrh10 distribution in the spinal cord, in contrary to AAV9. Similar dose-related differences between transduction efficiency of the two serotypes were also observed in the sciatic nerve. These findings suggest differences in the transduction mechanisms of these two serotypes, which both hold great promise for gene therapy of neurological diseases.
Classification of breast masses in mammograms using neural networks with shape, edge sharpness, and texture features (2006)

We propose an approach using artificial neural networks to classify masses in mammograms as malignant or benign. Single-layer and multilayer perceptron networks are used in a study on perceptron topologies and training procedures for pattern classification of breast masses. The contours of a set of 111 regions on mammograms related to breast masses and tumors are manually delineated and represented by polygonal models for shape analysis. Ribbons of pixels are extracted around the boundaries of a subset of 57 masses by dilating and eroding the contours. Three shape factors, three measures of edge sharpness, and 14 texture features based on gray-level co-occurrence matrices of the pixels in the ribbons are computed. Several combinations of the features are used with perceptrons of varying topology and training procedures for the classification of benign masses and malignant tumors. The results are compared in terms of the area Az under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Values of Az up to 0.99 are obtained with the shape factors and texture features. However, only feature sets that included at least one shape factor provide consistently high performance with respect to variations in network topology and training.