gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Electroporation Waveforms for Cell Sterilization (2004)

Pores occur naturally in cell membranes. Application of an electric field generates a force which tends to open the pore, a mechanism known as electroporation. The force generated depends on the electric field in the pore and the difference in dielectric constant between the fluid in the pore and the membrane. In this paper, we use transient finite-element analysis to investigate the field as a function of time in a system which consists of an electrolyte, an ellipsoidal bacterial cell membrane, and cytoplasm within the cell membrane. For this shape of cell, the field in the cell membrane is caused largely by the relaxation of the field in the cytoplasm. In addition, we compute the force on the pore wall, both in an analytic approximation and numerically as a function of time during a variety of applied voltage waveforms, using transient finite-element analysis. The numerical data are in good agreement with the analytic approximation and provide a basis for judging the efficacy of waveforms for sterilization based on a "figure of merit" which is suggested in the paper.
Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans by using a trpC plasmid. (1984)

We constructed a chimeric plasmid carrying a complete copy of the trifunctional trpC gene from the Ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans. This plasmid, designated pHY201, replicates in Escherichia coli, where it confers resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol and complements trpC mutants lacking phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity. We used pHY201 to transform an A. nidulans trpC- strain to trpC+ at frequencies of greater than 20 stable transformants per microgram of DNA. Southern blot analysis of DNA from transformants showed that pHY201 DNA had integrated into the A. nidulans chromosomes in a majority of cases. Most of the integration events appeared to occur at the site of the trpC- allele of the recipient strain. In several instances, we succeeded in recovering pHY201, or derivatives thereof, from A. nidulans transformants by restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal DNA, ligation, and transformation of E. coli.
The Fluorescence of Some Quinazolons (1970)

キナゾロン誘導体のケイ光性におよぼす化学構造の影響を検討するため, ジオキサン溶液中における紫外吸収スペクトルとケイ光スペクトルを測定した。そしてこれらケイ光強度とケイ光主波長におよぼす置換基の影響を調べた。2-メチル-3-フェニルキナゾリノン-(4)(2-1-1), 2-メチル-3-フェニル-6-アミノキナゾリノン-(4)(2-1-2), 2-スチリル-3-フェニルキナゾリノン-(4)(2-2-1), 2-メチル-3-フェニル-6,7-ベンゾキナゾリノン-(4) (2-3-1), および 2-メチル-3-フェニル-6,7-ベンゾ-8-アセチルアミノキナゾリノン-(4)(2-3-12) を比較すると, 6,7-アネレーション(2-3-1,2-3-12) はより効果的に, そして 6-アミノ基(2-1-2) は効果的にケイ光強度を増大させるけれども 2-スチリル基(2-2-1) は逆に減少させることがわかった。
A fusion study of a range-Doppler imager with an infrared sensor for ground-to-ground surveillance (2009)

The Defense Research and Development Canada establishment located at Valcartier has an ongoing project to improve the detection capability of a optical surveillance system presently used by the Canadian Forces, To improve the detection capabilities of the system, we demonstrated and tested a new Range-Doppler imager specialty adapted to the existing infrared imaging system to provide information gathered by the radar to be fuse with the infrared image. Operating in W band (92-94 GHZ), the range resolution of the radar is better than 40cm for a maximum range of 2km. To obtain the Doppler signature of the scene, the radar is mounted on a 1.5m rail directed attached to the cameras pan-and-tilt. To produce the range-Doppler image, the radar is moved on the rail at constant speed. As the motion of the radar is highly linear, no correction is required in the range-Doppler processing to obtain a well focused image. The field of view of the radar is matched to the infrared camera one to facilitate the fusion process.
Static and space-time visual saliency detection by self-resemblance (2009)

We present a novel unified framework for both static and space-time saliency detection. Our method is a bottom-up approach and computes so-called local regression kernels (i.e., local descriptors) from the given image (or a video), which measure the likeness of a pixel (or voxel) to its surroundings. Visual saliency is then computed using the said "self-resemblance" measure. The framework results in a saliency map where each pixel (or voxel) indicates the statistical likelihood of saliency of a feature matrix given its surrounding feature matrices. As a similarity measure, matrix cosine similarity (a generalization of cosine similarity) is employed. State of the art performance is demonstrated on commonly used human eye fixation data (static scenes (N. Bruce & J. Tsotsos, 2006) and dynamic scenes (L. Itti & P. Baldi, 2006)) and some psychological patterns.
Massively parallel bisulphite pyrosequencing reveals the molecular complexity of breast cancer-associated cytosine-methylation patterns obtained from tissue and serum DNA (2007)

Cytosine-methylation changes are stable and thought to be among the earliest events in tumorigenesis. Theoretically, DNA carrying tumor-specifying methylation patterns escape the tumors and may be found circulating in the sera from cancer patients, thus providing the basis for development of noninvasive clinical tests for early cancer detection. Indeed, using methylation-specific PCR-based techniques, several groups reported the detection of tumor-associated methylated DNA in the sera from cancer patients with varying clinical success. However, by design, such analytical approaches allow assessment of the presence of molecules with only one methylation pattern, leaving the bigger picture unexplored. The limited knowledge about circulating DNA methylation patterns hinders the efficient development of clinical methylation tests and testing platforms. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive methylation pattern analysis from breast cancer clinical tissues and sera obtained using massively parallel bisulphite pyrosequencing. The four loci studied were recently discovered by our group, and demonstrated to be powerful epigenetic biomarkers of breast cancer. The detailed analysis of more than 700,000 DNA fragments derived from more than 50 individuals (cancer and cancer-free) revealed an unappreciated complexity of genomic cytosine-methylation patterns in both tissue derived and circulating DNAs. Both tumor and cancer-free tissues (as well as sera) contained molecules with nearly every conceivable cytosine-methylation pattern at each locus. Tumor samples displayed more variation in methylation level than normal samples. Importantly, by establishing the methylation landscape within circulating DNA, this study has better defined the development challenges facing DNA methylation-based cancer-detection tests.
Membrane lipidome of an epithelial cell line (2011)

Tissue differentiation is an important process that involves major cellular membrane remodeling. We used Madin-Darby canine kidney cells as a model for epithelium formation and investigated the remodeling of the total cell membrane lipidome during the transition from a nonpolarized morphology to an epithelial morphology and vice versa. To achieve this, we developed a shotgun-based lipidomics workflow that enabled the absolute quantification of mammalian membrane lipidomes with minimal sample processing from low sample amounts. Epithelial morphogenesis was accompanied by a major shift from sphingomyelin to glycosphingolipid, together with an increase in plasmalogen, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol content, whereas the opposite changes took place during an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, during polarization, the sphingolipids became longer, more saturated, and more hydroxylated as required to generate an apical membrane domain that serves as a protective barrier for the epithelial sheet.
Characterization, Molecular Cloning and Expression of Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor (1996)

We examined whether the conditioned media of 64 kinds of cell lines, which have been maintained by a protein-free culture system, could produce megakaryocyte potentiating (Meg-POT) activity. In these cell lines, HPC-Y5, established from human pancreatic cancer, was shown to have the highest level of activity. The megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF) was purified from its conditioned medium by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. The purified MPF showed Meg-POT activity almost equal to human (Hu) interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the presence of murine IL-3 in a colony-forming assay with mouse bone marrow cells. The molecular weight of MPF was estimated to be 33 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Glycopeptidase F digestion and amino sugar analysis of the factor demonstrated that MPF is a glycoprotein carrying at least one N-linked sugar chain. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of MPF was determined to be Leu-Ala-Gly-Glu-Thr-Gly-Gln-Glu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-Asp-Gly-Val-Leu-Ala-Asn. The same or homologous amino acid sequence has not been found in known proteins, demonstrating that MPF may be a novel cytokine which has Meg-POT activity. Then, we isolated HuMPF cDNA from an HPC-Y5 cDNA library using polymerase chain reaction and plaque hybridization methods. The HuMPF cDNA encodes a polypeptide consisting of 622 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 33 amino acids, and with a deduced molecular weight of 68 kDa, although HPC-Y5 cells secrete a 33 kDa form of HuMPF. HuMPF cDNA does not show any significant homology with other known sequences. The cDNA was expressed in COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and Meg-POT activity was detected in their culture supernatant. The COS-7 cells secreted only a 33 kDa recombinant (r)HuMPF, however, an additional 30 kDa form was detected in the culture medium of CHO cells. The 33 kDa rHuMPF from CHO cells showed Meg-POT activity, but not the purified 30 kDa rHuMPF. The difference in structure and activity between the 33 and 30 kDa forms of HuMPF was ascribed to the existence in the 33 kDa form of the C-terminal 25 amino acid residues. The expression of MPF mRNA was examined by Northern blot analysis using labeled MPF cDNA as a probe. MPF mRNA was detected in HPC-Y5 cells, with an approximate molecular size of 2.4 kb. We also examined the expression of the MPF gene in various human tissues, and the 2.4 kb band was detected only in lung. Then, the immunohistocytochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that MPF-producing cells were identified as lung macrophages. MPF may exhibit other biological activities such as regeneration of the lung tissues.
Evaluation of a biodegradable matrix containing cultured human fibroblasts as a dermal replacement beneath meshed skin grafts on athymic mice. (1992)

Meshed, expanded split-thickness skin grafts (MSTSG) frequently achieve poor results when used to cover full-thickness wounds. Poor cosmetic and functional results occur in part because the epithelium that grows across the skin graft interstices lacks a dermis. We used a living dermal replacement composed of either polyglycolic acid (PGA) or polyglactin-910 (PGL) mesh containing confluent, cultured human fibroblasts. These grafts were applied to full-thickness wounds on athymic mice; widely expanded, 3:1 ratio human MSTSG was then placed over the dermal graft. Histologic examination of wounds during a 99-day period after graft placement showed that PGA/PGL-fibroblast grafts vascularized to the wound, and the MSTSG simultaneously vascularized to the PGA/PGL-fibroblast graft. Epithelialization from the MSTSG bridges proceeded rapidly across the surface of the PGA/PGL-fibroblast grafts, resulting in an epithelialized layer that covered a densely cellular substratum that resembled dermis. Basement membrane formation at the dermal-epidermal junction of the epithelialized interstices was confirmed by immunohistochemical microscopy. Minimal inflammatory reaction to the PGA/PGL-fibroblast grafts was seen. Grafts composed of PGA or PGL biodegradable meshes combined with cultured fibroblasts vascularize in full-thickness wounds, resulting in formation of organized tissue beneath the epithelialized surface that resembles dermis.
Poly-p-amino-DL-phenylalanine1,2 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly-p-amino-DL-phenylalanine1,2Michael Sela and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 129–133Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Liquid-Crystal Adaptive-Optics to Alter the Refractive State of the Eye (1997)

We evaluated the potential of wavefront shaping with liquid-crystals for modulating the eye's refractive state. A spatial light modulator with 127 liquid crystals cells was imaged in the entrance pupil of the eye and programmed to induce prismatic, spherical, and astigmatic refractive changes. Psychophysical evaluation of these optical effects was in agreement with expectations for prisms up to approximately 0.08 D and for lenses up to approximately 1.5 D. These maximum dioptric values represent wavefront retardation of about 3 to 4 wavelengths of 584 nm light across a 3-mm diameter pupil. Optical aliasing of high-power prisms was traced to spatial undersampling of the wavefront retardation function by the discrete array of liquid crystal cells. Undersampling may also be the factor which limits the useful dioptric range of the technique.
Visual compatibility of idarubicin hydrochloride with selected drugs during simulated Y-site injection (1991)

Journal Article Visual compatibility of idarubicin hydrochloride with selected drugs during simulated Y-site injection Get access Robert C. Turowski, M.B.A., Robert C. Turowski, M.B.A. Clinical Pharmacist The Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, OH Address reprint requests to Mr. Turowski at the Department of Pharmacy, Room 368 Doan Hall, The Ohio State University Hospitals, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jeffrey M. Durthaler Jeffrey M. Durthaler Sterile Product Manager University of Kentucky Hospital, Lexington, KY, and Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky; at the time of this study he was a pharmacy resident at The Ohio State University Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 48, Issue 10, 1 October 1991, Pages 2181–2184, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/48.10.2181 Published: 01 October 1991
Hyaluronidase-injectable microparticles intended for the treatment of extravasation (1998)

Hyaluronidase is a protein whose enzymatic activity is successfully employed in extravasation therapy. Taking into account that several proteins (e.g. gelatin and albumin) have been employed as natural polymers for the preparation of microspheres, this work approaches a comprehensive investigation on hyaluronidase injectable microparticles. The goals are either to obtain a sustained release preparation of hyaluronidase or to use the enzyme as drug carrier. Microspheres have been prepared using a water-in-oil emulsification technique, and they have been crosslinked either by thermal or chemical means. Results show that hyaluronidase microspheres with good morphological characteristics can be obtained by this preparation method. Manufacturing variables influence the enzymatic activity of the microspheres, which can be highly preserved under mild experimental conditions. Moreover, the suitability of this enzyme as a microparticulate drug carrier has been shown by the successful encapsulation of hydrocortisone sodium succinate.
[Effect of the LDL-/HDL-cholesterol quotient on progression and regression of arteriosclerotic lesions. An analysis of controlled angiographic intervention studies]. (1992)

The importance of hypercholesterolemia for the development of atherosclerotic lesions is undebatable. It is less evident, however, whether the progression of established lesions can be influenced by modifying lipid levels. The review of seven controlled angiographic intervention trials shows that different criteria are used to define progression of lesions. The relation of progression to regression (progression/regression ratio), however, is a useful marker for the activity of coronary artery disease. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have a progression/regression ratio of between 3 and 7. There is a consistent relationship between the progression/regression ratio and the LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio in both control and intervention groups in these trials. Groups with a LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio of 5 have six times more progression than regression. If the LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio is less than 2.5 regression occurs more often than progression (i.e. progression/regression ratio less than 1). Thus, in the management of hyperlipidemic patients a LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio of less than 2.5 should be achieved if regression of atherosclerotic lesions is desired.
Polariton quantum boxes in semiconductor microcavities (2006)

We report on the realization of polariton quantum boxes in a semiconductor microcavity under strong coupling regime. The quantum boxes consist of mesas, etched on the top of the spacer of a microcavity, that confine the cavity photon. For mesas with sizes of the order of a few microns in width and nanometers in depth, we observe quantization of the polariton modes in several states, caused by the lateral confinement. We evidence the strong exciton-photon coupling regime through a typical anticrossing curve for each quantized level. Moreover, the growth technique permits one to obtain high-quality samples, and opens the way for the conception of new optoelectronic devices.
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone: Can they be used to treat autoimmune diseases? (1994)

We strongly recommend estrogen replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Younger women with rheumatoid arthritis can undergo pregnancy or use estrogen-containing contraceptives. Estrogens can be used in lupus only with great caution. Recommendations regarding other hormones and other diseases are less firm, but research is continuing in this area.
Co‐expression of CD79a (JCB117) and CD3 by lymphoblastic lymphoma (1998)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma is a malignant disorder derived from the clonal proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. Whether the tumour cells are of B- or T-cell type is an important criterion for prognosis which has not been available previously to pathologists, due to the lack of a reliable early B-cell marker functioning on routinely processed material. This has changed with the production of monoclonal antibodies against the B-cell signalling molecule CD79a. CD79a is expressed on normal and neoplastic B cells from the early stages of B-cell maturation and has been considered to be B-cell-specific. Currently available antibodies against CD79a, in particular JCB117, allow the identification of B cells, and hence B lymphoblastic disease, in paraffin-embedded material. In this study, the expression of CD79a (JCB117) and CD3 has been investigated in 149 cases of T and 68 cases of B lymphoblastic leukaemia/ lymphoma. For the first time, co-expression of CD79a (JCB117) and CD3 is reported in 10 per cent of cases of T lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma. This finding raises questions about the co-expression of T- and B-cell markers in the development of lymphocytes, benign as well as malignant, and alerts pathologists to a potential problem in diagnosis. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between amyloid precursor protein and presenilins in mammalian cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (1997)

Mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes increase the production of the highly amyloidogenic 42-residue form of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta42) in a variety of cell lines and transgenic mice. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of this effect, wild-type (wt) or mutant PS1 and PS2 genes were stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing endogenous or transfected beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). By immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis, APP was consistently found to coimmunoprecipitate with PS1 or PS2 proteins. Several distinct PS1, PS2, or APP antibodies precipitated PS-APP complexes that were detectable by blotting with either APP or PS antibodies. Importantly, complex formation could be detected at endogenous protein levels in nontransfected cells. In various Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, the amounts of APP coprecipitated by PS antibodies were proportional to the expression levels of both APP and PS. APP-PS complexes also were recovered from human 293 and HS683 cells. Full maturation of APP was not required for the interaction; most APP molecules complexed with PS were solely N-glycosylated. Treatment of cells with brefeldin A or incubation at 20 degrees C did not block complex formation, suggesting that the association between APP and PS occurs in part in the endoplasmic reticulum. Complex formation was detected for both wt and mutant PS and APP proteins. Deletion of the APP C-terminal domain did not abrogate complex formation, suggesting that the interaction does not occur in the cytoplasmic domains of the proteins. Our results demonstrate that wt and mutant PS1 and PS2 proteins form complexes with APP in living cells, strongly supporting the hypothesis that mutant PS interacts with APP in a way that enhances the intramembranous proteolysis of the latter by a gamma-secretase cleaving at Abeta42.
Classification criteria and treatment modalities in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (2014)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by a lymphocytic exocrinopathy. Oral and ocular dryness, asthenia and pain represent hallmarks of the disease. Systemic manifestations concern a third of patients, including lymphoma in 5% of the patients. The American European Consensus Group classification criteria have been used in current practice and clinical trials since 2002. New classification criteria were recently proposed by the American Congress of Rheumatology. A group of international experts are currently working to reach a new consensus between the American European Consensus Group classification criteria and the American Congress of Rheumatology proposal for disease classification. In addition, international consensus disease activity scores were recently established. Regarding treatment modalities, symptomatic treatments remain the cornerstone of therapy in pSS, but new biologic treatments are currently evaluated.