gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin Wideband Radar Absorbers (2010)

A procedure for the optimal design of thin wideband radar absorbers is presented. The resulting absorbers are implemented by printing a frequency selective surface on a lossy perforated substrate. A binary hill climbing optimization scheme with random restart is used to find optimal solutions. The method of moments in conjunction with the transmission line method is used to calculate the fitness of structures designed by the optimizer. The optimization procedure is done in two steps in order to find a structure with best performance in terms of both operation bandwidth and angular stability. Three types of lossy substrate are considered: 1) unmodified radar absorbing substrate, 2) substrate with one circular hole per unit cell, and 3) substrate with several circular holes per unit cell. It is shown that by drilling only one hole - with optimized radius - in each unit cell, a %100 improvement in terms of operation bandwidth may be obtained. For the case with several holes per unit cell the observed performance was not as good, which might be due to a too rough optimization.
US of Gastrointestinal Tract Disease (2015)

The potential use of ultrasonography (US) in evaluating gut disease has been underappreciated in most diagnostic imaging departments in North America. The impression that US has a questionable role in bowel assessment is related to the operator-dependent nature of the modality, the technical challenges of performing bowel US examinations, and the lack of familiarity of radiologists and technologists with the US appearances of normal and abnormal bowel. However, with development of technical experience by the sonographer and integration of a clinical focus at patient evaluation, US can become a powerful tool for bowel assessment. Unlike computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, it provides a widely available, noninvasive, inexpensive method for evaluating the gut without the use of ionizing radiation. These factors are of particular importance in young patients and those who require recurrent follow-up imaging. Because US is performed with real-time imaging, the modality also allows the sonographer to view and assess the motility properties of the bowel, a feature that has not been previously used to its full potential. Color Doppler US can yield useful information about mural vascularity in bowel disease when used in conjunction with gray-scale findings and clinical symptoms. Radiologists should be familiar with the static and dynamic US appearances of the normal and abnormal bowel, recognize features of various pathologic conditions, and understand potential errors at imaging interpretation. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Genetic assignment of multiple E2 gene products in bovine papillomavirus-transformed cells (1989)

The E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been shown genetically to encode at least three transcriptional regulatory factors, and three E2 specific proteins have been recently identified in virally transformed rodent cells. In this study, the genes encoding these E2 specific proteins have been determined. The 48-kilodalton (kDa) protein was identified as the product of a full-length E2 open reading frame cDNA, which confirmed that this polypeptide is the E2 transactivator. The 31-kDa E2 protein species, which is the most abundant E2 specific polypeptide, was identified by analysis of both bovine papillomavirus type 1 mutants and cDNAs to be the previously identified E2 transcriptional repressor, E2-TR, which results from translation initiation at an internal E2 ATG codon. The smallest E2 protein species, the 28-kDa polypeptide, was identified as the product of the E8/E2 fusion gene which results from translation of a spliced mRNA species.
Functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) and monomethoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (1981)

Abstract Simple methods are described for the substitution of poly(ethylene glycol) and monomethoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) substitution. Affinity ligands, coenzymes, or enzymes can be covalently attached to the substitution product or they can be used as liquid ionexchangers.
The oestrogenic isoflavones of subterranean clover (1964)

A number of strains of subterranean clover has been examined for isoflavone content in an attempt to explain the differences of oestrogenic potency in sheep and cattle under field conditions. A method of thin-layer chromatography has been developed which allows a rapid semiquantitative estimation of the main isoflavones present in this species. The isoflavones are present in a combined form, probably as glycosides, and the free isoflavones are rapidly released after crushing the leaf. The percentages of formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A in the leaves are very much higher than reported by earlier workers and vary widely between strains. Moreover, the ratios of the isoflavones differ greatly among strains. The relevance of these plant data to the oestrogenic potency in the animal is discussed.
Specific Receptors for α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Are Widely Distributed in Tissues of Rodents (1987)

alpha MSH is known to act on several nonmelanocyte cell types, which has led to recent interest in its regulatory roles in fever, inflammation, immunity, and behavior. To determine its possible sites of action, we examined the distribution of alpha MSH receptors in a variety of tissues in mice and rats. The superpotent and enzymatically resistant alpha MSH analog, Nle4,D-Phe7-alpha MSH (NDP-MSH), was radioiodinated using lactoperoxidase (Enzymobeads) and purified by reverse phase chromatography for use as a tracer. [125I]NDP-MSH exhibited consistent and specific binding to cultured B16 and Cloudman S91 murine melanoma cells, which are highly responsive to alpha MSH. The tracer had full biological activity, as determined by its potency in stimulating melanogenesis in B16 cells. To study receptor distribution in vivo, [125I]NDP-MSH was administered iv to C3H/HeJ (pigmented) mice and Sprague-Dawley (albino) rats. To determine the specificity of tracer uptake by tissues, some animals received a large molar excess of alpha MSH together with [125I]NDP-MSH. Data were expressed as tissue to plasma radioactivity concentration ratios. In mice, specific (i.e. alpha MSH-inhibitable) binding of [125I]NDP-MSH was found in a number of glandular organs, including lacrimal, Harderian, preputial, submandibular, and adrenal glands and pancreas, as well as in brown and white adipose tissues, bladder, duodenum, skin, spleen, and hypothalamus. In rats, results were generally similar; specific tracer uptake was observed in lacrimal, Harderian, preputial, and thyroid glands; pancreas, duodenum, spleen, hypothalamus; and white adipose tissue. These results show that specific receptors for alpha MSH are widely distributed, suggesting that alpha MSH may affect the functions of a number of organs.
Use of arginine vasopressin in the management of vasodilatory shock after CABG--a clinical trial. (2003)

Vasodilatory shock requiring treatment with catecholamines occurs in some patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. We investigated the use of vasopressin in the treatment of this syndrome. Forty patients with a left main coronary artery disease and a poor left ventricular function (ejection fraction <30%) were studied. Only those patients (n=12, 30%) in whom difficulty was experienced in maintaining a mean arterial pressure of > 60 mm Hg and a systemic vascular resistance of greater than 900 dynes.sec.cm5 on maximal doses of pharmacological and mechanical support were selected. Patients underwent a standard cardiac anaesthesia protocol. All patients had a Swan-ganz catheter inserted pre-operatively. Arginine vasopressin was administered as a bolus of 0.015 units/kg intravenously followed by an infusion of 0.03 units/kg/hour. This dose increased the mean arterial pressure from 67+/-7 to 95+/-5 mm Hg and the systemic vascular resistance from 860+/-55 to 1502+/-71 dynes.sec.cm-5. It was also associated with a decrease in pharmacological support. All subjects responded to vasopressin administration. Vasopressin is an effective pressor in vasodilatory shock after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Lysine Residues Direct the Chlorination of Tyrosines in YXXK Motifs of Apolipoprotein A-I When Hypochlorous Acid Oxidizes High Density Lipoprotein (2004)

Oxidized lipoproteins may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of 3-chlorotyrosine, a specific end product of the reaction between hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and tyrosine residues of proteins, have been detected in atherosclerotic tissue. Thus, HOCl generated by the phagocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase represents one pathway for protein oxidation in humans. One important target of the myeloperoxidase pathway may be high density lipoprotein (HDL), which mobilizes cholesterol from artery wall cells. To determine whether activated phagocytes preferentially chlorinate specific sites in HDL, we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to analyze apolipoprotein A-I that had been oxidized by HOCl. The major site of chlorination was a single tyrosine residue located in one of the protein's YXXK motifs (where X represents a nonreactive amino acid). To investigate the mechanism of chlorination, we exposed synthetic peptides to HOCl. The peptides encompassed the amino acid sequences YKXXY, YXXKY, or YXXXY. MS/MS analysis demonstrated that chlorination of tyrosine in the peptides that contained lysine was regioselective and occurred in high yield if the substrate was KXXY or YXXK. NMR and MS analyses revealed that the N(epsilon) amino group of lysine was initially chlorinated, which suggests that chloramine formation is the first step in tyrosine chlorination. Molecular modeling of the YXXK motif in apolipoprotein A-I demonstrated that these tyrosine and lysine residues are adjacent on the same face of an amphipathic alpha-helix. Our observations suggest that HOCl selectively targets tyrosine residues that are suitably juxtaposed to primary amino groups in proteins. This mechanism might enable phagocytes to efficiently damage proteins when they destroy microbial proteins during infection or damage host tissue during inflammation.
Two unusual pilin sequences from different isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)

The pilin genes of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from two different patients with cystic fibrosis were cloned and sequenced. The predicted protein sequences of these two pilins had several unusual features compared with other published P. aeruginosa pilin sequences.
Generation of human embryonic stem cell‐derived mesoderm and cardiac cells using size‐specified aggregates in an oxygen‐controlled bioreactor (2008)

The ability to generate human pluripotent stem cell-derived cell types at sufficiently high numbers and in a reproducible manner is fundamental for clinical and biopharmaceutical applications. Current experimental methods for the differentiation of pluripotent cells such as human embryonic stem cells (hESC) rely on the generation of heterogeneous aggregates of cells, also called "embryoid bodies" (EBs), in small scale static culture. These protocols are typically (1) not scalable, (2) result in a wide range of EB sizes and (3) expose cells to fluctuations in physicochemical parameters. With the goal of establishing a robust bioprocess we first screened different scalable suspension systems for their ability to support the growth and differentiation of hESCs. Next homogeneity of initial cell aggregates was improved by employing a micro-printing strategy to generate large numbers of size-specified hESC aggregates. Finally, these technologies were integrated into a fully controlled bioreactor system and the impact of oxygen concentration was investigated. Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of stirred bioreactor culture, aggregate size-control and hypoxia (4% oxygen tension) on both cell growth and cell differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. QRT-PCR data for markers such as Brachyury, LIM domain homeobox gene Isl-1, Troponin T and Myosin Light Chain 2v, as well as immunohistochemistry and functional analysis by response to chronotropic agents, documented the impact of these parameters on cardiac differentiation. This study provides an important foundation towards the robust generation of clinically relevant numbers of hESC derived cells.
Closed-Form Expressions for the Design of Ladder-Type FBAR Filters (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Filters based on film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) promise to improve the performance of actual filters, however, to the authors' knowledge, their systematic implementation is not straightforward. This letter presents a collection of closed-form expressions for the systematic design of ladder-type filters using FBARs. The procedure is validated against the work of other authors, finding a very good agreement between results. </para>
Histopathologic Basis for the Favorable Survival after Resection of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm-Associated Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas (2010)

The favorable biologic behavior of IPMN-associated compared with standard PDA is based on its lower rate of advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis, high tumor grade, positive resection margin, perineural, and vascular invasion. In the presence of any one of the aforementioned adverse pathologic characteristics, however, survival outcomes after resection of IPMN-associated and after resection of standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma are similar.
Dermatitis due to epiregulin deficiency and a critical role of epiregulin in immune-related responses of keratinocyte and macrophage (2004)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members, including epiregulin (EP), play a fundamental role in epithelial tissues; however, their roles in immune responses and the physiological role of EP remain to be elucidated. The skin has a versatile system of immune surveillance. Biologically active IL-1alpha is released to extracellular space upon damage from keratinocytes and is a major player in skin inflammation. Here, we show that EP is expressed not only in keratinocytes but also in tissue-resident macrophages, and that EP-deficient (EP(-/-)) mice develop chronic dermatitis. Wound healing in the skin in EP(-/-) mice was not impaired in vivo, nor was the growth rate of keratinocytes from EP(-/-) mice different from that of WT mice in vitro. Of interest is that in WT keratinocytes, both IL-1alpha and the secreted form of EP induced down-regulation of IL-18 mRNA expression, which overexpression in the epidermis was reported to induce skin inflammation in mice, whereas the down-regulation of IL-18 induced by IL-1alpha was impaired in EP(-/-) keratinocytes. Although bone marrow transfer experiments indicated that EP deficiency in non-bone-marrow-derived cells is essential for the development of dermatitis, production of proinflammatory cytokines by EP(-/-) macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor agonists was much lower, compared with WT macrophages, whose dysfunction in EP(-/-) macrophages was not compensated by the addition of the secreted form of EP. These findings, taken together, suggested that EP plays a critical role in immune/inflammatory-related responses of keratinocytes and macrophages at the barrier from the outside milieu and that the secreted and membrane-bound forms of EP have distinct functions.
MEMS-Enabled Silicon Photonic Integrated Devices and Circuits (2019)

Photonic integrated circuits have seen a dramatic increase in complexity over the past decades. This development has been spurred by recent applications in datacenter communications and enabled by the availability of standardized mature technology platforms. Mechanical movement of wave-guiding structures at the micro- and nanoscale provides unique opportunities to further enhance functionality and to reduce power consumption in photonic integrated circuits. We here demonstrate integration of MEMS-enabled components in a simplified silicon photonics process based on IMEC's Standard iSiPP50G Silicon Photonics Platform and a custom release process.
Gene Therapy for Cerebrovascular Disease (1999)

Gene therapy for cerebrovascular disease is likely to have clinical application in the near future and will have a major impact on neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons will need to be aware of the literature in this area.
Clinical Experience and Early Results of Carbon Fiber Augmentation of Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction of the Knee (1985)

Augmentation by autogenous tissue in the repair of acute anterior cruciate ligament injury has been found to be of benefit in providing a scaffold for the disrupted tissue and a stent to protect the repaired tissue, thereby ultimately increasing the strength of the repair. In both the acute setting and when autogenous tissue is used to reconstruct a chronic anterior cruciate-deficient knee, the substitute tissues require protection while revascularization and recollagenization take place. Potential solutions to these problems are sought in a ligament prosthesis, such as carbon fibers, that would be capable of providing both a stent for protection and an inducement for collagen ingrowth. Intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with autogenous tissue augmented by PLA-coated carbon fibers was performed in one group of ten patients. A second group of matched cases was similarly treated but without augmentation for controls. The results were analyzed at one year postoperation on both the 100-point protocol rating system and the authors' 200-point knee rating system. On the 100-point scale, the study group improved by 14.8% of the preoperative rating, while the comparison group improved by 23.3%. On the 200-point system, the study group improved by 21.9%, the comparison group by 22.6%. There was no demonstrable benefit in the use of carbon fiber to augment intra-articular, autogenous tissue anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
Enantioselective Fluorination Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Palladium Complexes (2006)

On the basis of our chiral palladium enolate chemistry, efficient catalytic enantioselective fluorination reactions have been developed. These reactions can be carried out in environmentally friendly alcoholic solvents without any precaution to exclude water and moisture. The reaction was found applicable to a wide range of active methine compounds including β-ketoesters, β-ketophosphonates, and other related compounds (up to 99% ee). Furthermore, we succeeded in developing efficient fluorination reactions of 3-substituted oxindoles, which are found among many natural products. Interestingly, sequential fluorination-solvolysis reaction of a 3-nonsubstituted oxindol allowed monofluorination of an active methylene compound, and an optically active α-fluoroarylacetate was obtained (93% ee). To confirm the utility of these reactions, ­stereoselective synthesis of chiral fluorinated analogues of fundamental building blocks and catalytic asymmetric synthesis of BMS204352, which is a promising agent for the treatment of stroke, were demonstrated.
Imaging Brain Amyloid of Alzheimer Disease in Vivo in Transgenic Mice with an Aβ Peptide Radiopharmaceutical (2002)

Abeta 1-40 is a potential peptide radiopharmaceutical that could be used to image the brain Abeta amyloid of Alzheimer disease in vivo, should this peptide be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier in vivo. The blood-brain barrier transport of [ 125 I]-Abeta 1-40 in a transgenic mouse model was enabled by conjugation to the rat 8D3 monoclonal antibody to the mouse transferrin receptor. The Abeta 1-40 -8D3 conjugate is a bifunctional molecule that binds the blood-brain barrier TfR and undergoes transport into brain and binds the Abeta amyloid plaques of Alzheimer disease. App SW /Psen1 double-transgenic and littermate control mice were administered either unconjugated Abeta 1-40 or the Abeta 1-40 -8D3 conjugate intravenously, and brain scans were obtained 6 hours later. Immunocytochemical analysis showed abundant Abeta immunoreactive plaques in the brains of the App SW /Psen1 transgenic mice and there was a selective retention of radioactivity in the brains of these mice at 6 hours after intravenous administration of the conjugate. In contrast, there was no selective sequestration either of the conjugate in control littermate mouse brain or of unconjugated Abeta 1-40 in transgenic mouse brain. In conclusion, the results show that it is possible to image the Abeta amyloid burden in the brain in vivo with an amyloid imaging agent, provided the molecule is conjugated to a blood-brain barrier drug-targeting system.
Allogeneic cells vaccine increases disease-free survival in stage III melanoma patients. A non randomized phase II study. (1997)

The incidence of melanoma is increasing rapidly, and in many cases the primary tumor is excised after metastatic spreading. In 80% of the cases, the first metastatic site is in regional lymph nodes (AJCC Stage III). After excision of these nodes, the patient is clinically disease-free, but the chances of recurrency vary between 40-80%. Thirty patients with stage III melanoma were treated in a non-randomized Phase II adjuvant trial with a vaccine consisting of a mixture of three allogeneic cell lines: IIB-MEL-J, IIB-MEL-LES and IIB-MEL-IAN (5 x 10(6) cells each). The cells were irradiated (5,000 cGy) and BCG was used as nonspecific stimulant. Before each vaccination (72 hr) the patients received cyclophosphamide (300 mg/sqm). The untreated control group was composed of 24 Stage III melanoma patients. Vaccination started within 60 days after surgery, and patients received 4 vaccinations, one every 21 days and then 1 every two months during the 1st year; 1 every three months during the 2nd year, and 1 every 6 months during the 3rd, 4th and 5th years. The treated group was composed by 19 men (63.3%) and 11 women (36.7%); average age: 47.6 +/- 14.1 years (range: 16-70 yr). The control group was composed by 18 men (75%) and 6 women (25%); average age 49.8 +/- 14.2 yr (range: 26-73 yr). The median disease free survival (DFS) calculated according to Kaplan-Meier was 7.0 months in the control group vs 20.0 months in the treated group (p < 0.001). The results of this clinical trial suggest that treatment with allogeneic cell vaccines increases DFS in stage III melanoma patients.
Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no-reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons. (1992)

These results suggest that CD18-mediated polymorphonuclear leukocyte-endothelium adherence contributes to no-reflow predominantly in noncapillary microvessels and at least partially to that in capillaries.