gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma give rise to permanently growing Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells (1996)

A novel Hodgkin's disease (HD) derived cell line, L1236, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements revealed a biallelic Ig heavy chain and a monoallelic Ig kappa light chain gene rearrangement, pointing to a B-lymphoid origin of these cells. No DNA of Epstein-Barr virus was detected in L1236. The cells expressed the HD-associated surface antigens CD30 and CD15 as well as the transferrin receptor (CD71). Cytogenetic analysis of early passages of L1236 cells revealed a grossly disordered karyotype including cytogenetic aberrations described previously in other HD-derived cell lines. The Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cell origin of L1236 cells is further confirmed by Kanzler et al (Blood 87:3429, 1996), who found identical Ig gene rearrangement sequences in L1236 cells and H-RS cells of the same patient's bone marrow. L1236 cells expressed antigens necessary for efficient antigen presentation to T cells including HLA class I and II, B7.1 and B7.2, as well as adhesion molecules ICAM 1 and LFA 3. The cells secreted the interleukins (IL)-6, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interferon (IFN) gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). After subcutaneous inoculation into SCID mice, a necrotic regression of initially growing tumors at the injection site was followed by disseminated intralymphatic growth. Our findings, together with the results of Kanzler et al, demonstrate that H-RS cells of B-lymphoid origin were present in the peripheral blood of a patient with advanced HD. These cells exerted a malignant phenotype with regard to their in vitro and in vivo characteristics.
Locally adaptive dimensionality reduction for indexing large time series databases (2002)

Similarity search in large time series databases has attracted much research interest recently. It is a difficult problem because of the typically high dimensionality of the data. The most promising solutions involve performing dimensionality reduction on the data, then indexing the reduced data with a multidimensional index structure. Many dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed, including Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In this article, we introduce a new dimensionality reduction technique, which we call Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation (APCA). While previous techniques (e.g., SVD, DFT and DWT) choose a common representation for all the items in the database that minimizes the global reconstruction error, APCA approximates each time series by a set of constant value segments of varying lengths such that their individual reconstruction errors are minimal. We show how APCA can be indexed using a multidimensional index structure. We propose two distance measures in the indexed space that exploit the high fidelity of APCA for fast searching: a lower bounding Euclidean distance approximation, and a non-lower-bounding, but very tight, Euclidean distance approximation, and show how they can support fast exact searching and even faster approximate searching on the same index structure. We theoretically and empirically compare APCA to all the other techniques and demonstrate its superiority.
Achieving an Accurate Surface Profile of a Photonic Crystal for Near-Unity Solar Absorption in a Super Thin-Film Architecture (2016)

In this work, a teepee-like photonic crystal (PC) structure on crystalline silicon (c-Si) is experimentally demonstrated, which fulfills two critical criteria in solar energy harvesting by (i) its Gaussian-type gradient-index profile for excellent antireflection and (ii) near-orthogonal energy flow and vortex-like field concentration via the parallel-to-interface refraction effect inside the structure for enhanced light trapping. For the PC structure on 500-μm-thick c-Si, the average reflection is only ∼0.7% for λ = 400-1000 nm. For the same structure on a much thinner c-Si ( t = 10 μm), the absorption is near unity (A ∼ 99%) for visible wavelengths, while the absorption in the weakly absorbing range (λ ∼ 1000 nm) is significantly increased to 79%, comparing to only 6% absorption for a 10-μm-thick planar c-Si. In addition, the average absorption (∼94.7%) of the PC structure on 10 μm c-Si for λ = 400-1000 nm is only ∼3.8% less than the average absorption (∼98.5%) of the PC structure on 500 μm c-Si, while the equivalent silicon solid content is reduced by 50 times. Furthermore, the angular dependence measurements show that the high absorption is sustained over a wide angle range (θinc = 0-60°) for teepee-like PC structure on both 500 and 10-μm-thick c-Si.
Rat C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase. cDNA isolation, tissue-specific levels of the mRNA, and expression of the protein in yeast. (1990)

We have isolated and characterized cDNA clones encoding rat cytoplasmic C1-tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) synthase. In eukaryotes, this enzyme is trifunctional and contains the activities of 10-formyl-H4folate synthetase, 5,10-methenyl-H4folate cyclohydrolase, and 5,10-methylene-H4folate dehydrogenase. The deduced sequence of the 935-amino acid open reading frame contained exact matches to NH2-terminal (15 residues) and internal (residues 436-450) peptide sequences obtained from the purified enzyme. The amino acid sequence derived from the rat cDNA shows extensive homology to analogous proteins from bacterial, yeast, and mammalian sources. We have used the cDNA to determine the steady-state levels of the mRNA in various rat tissues and have found that gene expression is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Transcript levels are highest in kidney and liver with liver transcripts reduced about 30% relative to those found in kidney. Brain, heart, testis, lung and skeletal muscle display even lower transcript levels; reductions range from 70 to 80% of transcript levels found in kidney. Comparison to the levels of enzyme in these tissues allows us to conclude that pretranslational events predominate in the tissue-specific expression. The rat enzyme has been functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as evidenced by its capacity to complement a chromosomal deletion of ADE3, the yeast gene encoding cytoplasmic C1-H4folate synthase.
AN IMPLICIT MEASURE OF THE EFFECTIVE BID‐ASK SPREAD: A NOTE (1993)

Abstract We extend Roll's study of the effective bid‐ask spread in an efficient market environment by allowing for serially correlated order arrival and quote behavior. This extension results in a more general effective bid‐ask spread measure, which precludes imaginary spreads and includes Roll's measure as a special case when the serial correlation is zero. This new measure is related to the length of the measurement interval due to the serial correlation, and thus has the potential to explain the previously observed differential between weekly and daily derived spreads.
Extreme Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Technology Overview (2019)

With the number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the rise, there is a need for an adequate charging infrastructure to serve these vehicles. The emerging extreme fast-charging (XFC) technology has the potential to provide a refueling experience similar to that of gasoline vehicles. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art EV charging infrastructure and focus on the XFC technology, which will be necessary to support the current and future EV refueling needs. We present the design considerations of the XFC stations and review the typical power electronics converter topologies suitable to deliver XFC. We consider the benefits of using the solid-state transformers (SSTs) in the XFC stations to replace the conventional line-frequency transformers and further provide a comprehensive review of the medium-voltage SST designs for the XFC application.
Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production (2007)

Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have been developed during the past 80 years that allow this conversion process to occur, and the clear objective now is to make this process cost-competitive in today's markets. Here, we consider the natural resistance of plant cell walls to microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, collectively known as "biomass recalcitrance." It is this property of plants that is largely responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion. To achieve sustainable energy production, it will be necessary to overcome the chemical and structural properties that have evolved in biomass to prevent its disassembly.
Crosslinked liquid crystal polymers from liquid crystal monomers: Synthesis and mechanical properties (1993)

Abstract Difunctional acrylates and methacrylate monomers have been made which are high order smectic liquid crystal (or crystalline) at room temperature. This report discusses materials with the following structure: F–S–M–S–F, where F is a functional group, acrylate or methacrylate (A or M); S is a spacer (CH 2 ) n ( n ), and M is a mesogen—in this case 4,4′‐dioxybiphenyl (B). They are codified as B n A or B n M where n is the number of methylenes in the spacer. High conversion with high T g can be obtained when polymerizing in the smectic state because the reactive end groups are concentrated in a small volume and can react well with little or no diffusion. B2A, B3A, B6A, B11A, and B3M were polymerized in the smectic state and compared to polymers made at temperatures where the monomers were isotropic. High conversion was obtained below final T g —even then, probably because the polymers were ordered. All the polymers were studied by WAXD and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Solid‐state NMR on B3A showed that there was very high conversion of the double bonds at all temperatures. B3A photopolymerized in the smectic state (60–76°C) produced a crystalline polymer with T g = 185°C (1 Hz). When photopolymerized at 85°C, above the isotropization temperature ( T i ), a poorly organized polymer was obtained with a T g of 155°C (1 Hz). Monomers with an odd number of methylene groups as spacers were crystalline after polymerization. With an even number of methylene groups, they lost most of their crystallinity on polymerization below T i , but retained a low order smectic structure. Similar structures were obtained with all the monomers when they were polymerized above T i . There was little effect of polymerization temperature on T g when the spacers had an even number of methylene groups. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Stimulation of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in human cells by electroporation with site-specific endonucleases. (1996)

In somatic mammalian cells, homologous recombination is a rare event. To study the effects of chromosomal breaks on frequency of homologous recombination, site-specific endonucleases were introduced into human cells by electroporation. Cell lines with a partial duplication within the HPRT (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) gene were created through gene targeting. Homologous intrachromosomal recombination between the repeated regions of the gene can reconstruct a functioning, wild-type gene. Treatment of these cells with the restriction endonuclease Xba I, which has a recognition site within the repeated region of HPRT homology, increased the frequency or homologous recombination bv more than 10-fold. Recombination frequency was similarly increased by treatment with the rare-cutting yeast endonuclease PI-Sce I when a cleavage site was placed within the repeated region of HPRT. In contrast, four restriction enzymes that cut at positions either outside of the repeated regions or between them produced no change in recombination frequency. The results suggest that homologous recombination between intrachromosomal repeats can be specifically initiated by a double-strand break occurring within regions of homology, consistent with the predictions of a model.
IEHouse: A non-intrusive household appliance state recognition system (2017)

Recognizing the states of household appliance is helpful to monitor the power consumption and model user behaviors at home. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) receives widespread attention as it can identify a individual appliance state using a single sensor. However, presented approaches today can not be adopted in actual home scenarios because they either ignore the energy limitation of sensors or require a complex user configuration. To solve this problem, this paper proposes IEHouse which is a Non-Intrusive Household Appliance State Recognition System. It leverages a supervised learning process over the labeled appliance data sets which can be constructed dynamically based on a small number of appliance profiles. It uses Deep Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models, to identify appliance states and improves the accuracy through online learning gradually. By simulating a common household scenario, the energy consumption of sampling sensor is 5.12fcJ per week and the average accuracy of recognizing 10 mixed typical appliance states is 92.9%, which achieves better accuracy with low energy.
Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of uracil nucleosides and nucleotides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of uracil nucleosides and nucleotidesChristopher F. Bigge, Panos Kalaritis, Joanne R. Deck, and Mathias P. MertesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 6, 2033–2038Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00526a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (797 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nitroglycerin Ointment in the Treatment of Impotence (1993)

Topical nitroglycerin ointment has been studied in the laboratory as a possible treatment for impotence of various etiologies. However, there is limited information on the topical administration of nitroglycerin in a natural environment allowing normal sexual function. We report 3 cases of impotence that were successfully treated with topical nitroglycerin ointment.
Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms Among Persons With Diabetes Mellitus in the Community (2000)

In the community, the prevalence of most GI tract symptoms is similar in persons with or without DM, except for a lower prevalence of heartburn and an increased prevalence of constipation or laxative use in residents with type 1 DM, especially in men. This difference is associated with calcium channel blocker use rather than symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. In community-based practices, physicians should not immediately assume that GI tract symptoms in patients with DM represent a complication of DM.
The voltage-gated Na + channel Na V BP has a role in motility, chemotaxis, and pH homeostasis of an alkaliphilic Bacillus (2004)

The prokaryotic voltage-gated Na(+) channel, NaChBac, is one of a growing channel superfamily of unknown function. Here we show that Na(V)BP, the NaChBac homologue encoded by ncbA in alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4, is a voltage-gated Na(+) channel potentiated by alkaline pH. Na(V)BP has roles in motility, chemotaxis, and pH homeostasis at high pH. Reduced motility of bacteria lacking functional Na(V)BP was reversed by restoration of the native channel but not by a mutant Na(V)BP engineered to be Ca(2+)-selective. Motile ncbA mutant cells and wild-type cells treated with a channel inhibitor exhibited behavior opposite to the wild type in response to chemoeffectors. Mutants lacking functional Na(V)BP were also defective in pH homeostasis in response to a sudden alkaline shift in external pH under conditions in which cytoplasmic [Na(+)] is limiting for this crucial process. The defect was exacerbated by mutation of motPS, the motility channel genes. We hypothesize that activation of Na(V)BP at high pH supports diverse physiological processes by a combination of direct and indirect effects on the Na(+) cycle and the chemotaxis system.
Identification of a putative amyloid A4‐generating enzyme as a prolyl endopeptidase (1990)

The A4 amyloid peptide is deposited in Alzheimer's disease inside neurons as neurofibrillary tangles or extracellularly as vascular amyloid. The A4 peptide is cleaved off by an unidentified proteinase from a larger precursor protein (APP), which resembles a cell surface receptor. The proteinase, which cleaves off the membrane‐spanning domain of APP, may be important in amyloid formation. To evaluate this, a model peptide substrate, succinyl‐ isoleucyl‐alanine‐methylcoumarinamide, which is homologous to the C‐terminal portion of A4 peptide, was synthesized to screen the putative A4‐generating proteinase. On chromatographie purification, it was found that two proteinases are involved in the hydrolysis of the peptide, the major one being identified as a prolyl endopeptidase. This evidence may facilitate elucidation of the mechanism of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease.
FPA development: from InGaAs, InSb, to HgCdTe (2008)

This paper reports preliminary results obtained on 1.7µm InGaAs, Vis-InGaAs, extended-wavelength InGaAs, InSb, and HgCdTe 320x256 FPAs fabricated at Judson. Test structures designed to characterize fundamental detector parameters are presented. FPA performance and imaging analysis are reported. Possible performance improvements by means of architectural design and fabrication process refinement are described. Future development plan and preliminary experimental results on FPAs with larger format and smaller pitch are also discussed. Relatively low dark current and NEI values, as well as high operability, are achieved for 1.7µm InGaAs FPAs at room temperature. High quantum efficiency in the visible wavelength range is achieved for Vis-InGaAs FPAs. Low NETD values are achieved for InSb FPAs at LN2 and MWIR HgCdTe FPAs at -70°C (203°K).
Pharmacokinetics of selamectin following intravenous, oral and topical administration in cats and dogs (2002)

The pharmacokinetics of selamectin were evaluated in cats and dogs, following intravenous (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), topical (24 mg/kg) and oral (24 mg/kg) administration. Following selamectin administration, serial blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After intravenous administration of selamectin to cats and dogs, the mean maximum plasma concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were linearly related to the dose, and mean systemic clearance (Clb) and steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) were independent of dose. Plasma concentrations after intravenous administration declined polyexponentially in cats and biphasically in dogs, with mean terminal phase half-lives (t(1/2)) of approximately 69 h in cats and 14 h in dogs. In cats, overall Clb was 0.470 +/- 0.039 mL/min/kg (+/-SD) and overall Vd(ss) was 2.19 +/- 0.05 L/kg, compared with values of 1.18 +/- 0.31 mL/min/kg and 1.24 +/- 0.26 L/kg, respectively, in dogs. After topical administration, the mean C(max) in cats was 5513 +/- 2173 ng/mL reached at a time (T(max)) of 15 +/- 12 h postadministration; in dogs, C(max) was 86.5 +/- 34.0 ng/mL at T(max) of 72 +/- 48 h. Bioavailability was 74% in cats and 4.4% in dogs. Following oral administration to cats, mean C(max) was 11,929 +/- 5922 ng/mL at T(max) of 7 +/- 6 h and bioavailability was 109%. In dogs, mean C(max) was 7630 +/- 3140 ng/mL at T(max) of 8 +/- 5 h and bioavailability was 62%. There were no selamectin-related adverse effects and no sex differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. Linearity was established in cats and dogs for plasma concentrations up to 874 and 636 ng/mL, respectively. Pharmacokinetic evaluations for selamectin following intravenous administration indicated a slower elimination from the central compartment in cats than in dogs. This was reflected in slower clearance and longer t(1/2) in cats, probably as a result of species-related differences in metabolism and excretion. Inter-species differences in pharmacokinetic profiles were also observed following topical administration where differences in transdermal flux rates may have contributed to the overall differences in systemic bioavailability.
Interferometric fluorescent super-resolution microscopy resolves 3D cellular ultrastructure (2009)

Understanding molecular-scale architecture of cells requires determination of 3D locations of specific proteins with accuracy matching their nanometer-length scale. Existing electron and light microscopy techniques are limited either in molecular specificity or resolution. Here, we introduce interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM), the combination of photoactivated localization microscopy with single-photon, simultaneous multiphase interferometry that provides sub-20-nm 3D protein localization with optimal molecular specificity. We demonstrate measurement of the 25-nm microtubule diameter, resolve the dorsal and ventral plasma membranes, and visualize the arrangement of integrin receptors within endoplasmic reticulum and adhesion complexes, 3D protein organization previously resolved only by electron microscopy. iPALM thus closes the gap between electron tomography and light microscopy, enabling both molecular specification and resolution of cellular nanoarchitecture.
Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental acute acoustic trauma from firearms (2000)

In acute acoustic trauma (AAT), excessive noise exposure causes rupture of cell membranes and decreased cochlear blood flow. This leads to decreased oxygen tension in inner ear fluids and reduction of a variety of different oxygen-dependent cellular activities. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) may help the cells suffering from hypoxia to survive. We exposed male Wistar rats to 60 impulses of 162-dB SPL from a 7.62-mm assault rifle equipped with a blank adaptor. After the exposure, 15 animals were given HBO treatment for 90 min daily for 10 consecutive days at 0.25 MPa. After a survival time of 4 weeks, auditory brainstem responses were measured and the left cochleae processed for light microscopy. The impulse noise caused permanent damage to the cochlea of all animals, with the most severe lesions in the lower middle coil, where a significantly smaller number of hair cells was missing in the HBO-treated group. The morphological damage was also reflected in function, as measured by auditory brainstem responses, which showed the greatest threshold shifts at 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kHz.