gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of treatment of colon, lung and breast human carcinoma xenografts with: doxorubicin, cisplatin, irinotecan or topotecan. (1999)

Given that human cancer xenografts tend to retain chemosensitivities similar to the cancerous tissue of origin, human carcinoma xenografts grown in nude mice were tested for sensitivity to four drug protocols: doxorubicin at 5 mg/kg, i.v., q5d; irinotecan at 60 mg/kg, i.v., q4d; cisplatin 5 mg/kg, i.p., q7d; and topotecan 1.5 mg/kg, p.o., qd (5 of 7 days). Irinotecan and doxorubicin protocols either halted or caused significant regression of the breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB 231 and T47D). None of the protocols tested resulted in significant regression in the lung cancer xenografts (H460, A549 and H226) although both irinotecan and doxorubicin did halt growth of the H226 xenograft. The ability of the irinotecan treatment to cause regression of xenograft size in all three colon cancer cell lines (SW620, COLO205 and HT29) justifies further clinical trials of irinotecan as an especially promising drug for the treatment of colon cancer.
Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) after progression on gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis): Multicenter comparative randomized phase 2b study (NIFTY). (2021)

4006 Background: There is no globally established second-line therapy after progression on GemCis in BTC. Although ABC-06 trial showed the clinical benefit of mFOLFOX compared to active symptom control, further investigation is needed. Methods: NIFTY is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 2b study. Pts with &gt; 19 years, ECOG PS 0/1, histologically confirmed metastatic BTC, and disease progression on first-line GemCis were eligible. Pts were randomized 1:1 to nal-IRI (70 mg/m2, 90 min) plus 5-FU (2400 mg/m2, 46 hours)/LV (400 mg/m2, 30 min), every 2 weeks or 5-FU/LV, every 2 weeks until disease progression per investigator review or intolerable toxicities (stratification: primary tumor site, prior surgery and institution). Tumor response was evaluated per RECIST v1.1, every 6 weeks (fixed schedule). Primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) per blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints were PFS per investigator review, overall survival (OS) overall response rates (ORR), and safety. This study was designed to improve median PFS from 2 months (P0) to 3.3 months (P1; HR 0.6) with 2-sided alpha of 0.05, power of 80% and follow-up loss rates of 10%; a total of 174 pts were required. Results: A total of 178 patients were enrolled between SEP 2018 and FEB 2020; with exclusion of 4 pts who did not receive any study treatment, 174 pts (88 for nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group and 86 for 5-FU/LV group) were included in the Full Analysis Set. Median age was 64 yrs (range 37-84); 99/75 pts were male/female; 74/47/53 pts had intrahepatic/extrahepatic/gallbladder cancers. Pts characteristics were well balanced between two arms. With median follow-up duration of 6.1 mo (IQR 3.5-11.2), median PFS per BICR in nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group and 5-FU/LV group was 7.1 mo (95% CI, 3.6-8.8) and 1.4 mo (1.2-1.5), respectively (HR=0.56 [0.39-0.81], p=0.0019); median PFS per investigator review was 3.9 mo (2.7-5.2) and 1.6 mo (1.3-2.2), respectively (HR=0.48 [0.34-0.69], p&lt;0.0001). Median OS was 8.6 mo (5.4-10.5) and 5.5 mo (4.7-7.2), respectively (HR=0.68 [0.48-0.98], p=0.0349). ORR was 14.8% and 5.8% per BICR, respectively (p=0.0684) and 19.3% and 2.3% per investigator review, respectively (p=0.0002). Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 68 pts (77.3%) of nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group and 27 pts (31.4%) of 5-FU/LV group. Most common grade ≥3 AEs in nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group were neutropenia (n=21, 23.9%), fatigue (7, 8.0%), and nausea (5, 5.7%). Conclusion: Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV significantly improved PFS and OS compared to 5-FU/LV in BTC pts who progressed on prior GemCis. Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV should be considered as standard second-line therapy for advanced BTC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03524508 Clinical trial information: NCT03524508.
Sol-Gel-Derived Ceramic-Carbon Composite Electrodes: Introduction and Scope of Applications (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSol-Gel-Derived Ceramic-Carbon Composite Electrodes: Introduction and Scope of ApplicationsMichael. Tsionsky, Genia. Gun, Victor. Glezer, and Ovadia. LevCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 10, 1747–1753Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00082a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00082a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1737Altmetric-Citations346LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoreactivities of two kinds of bimolecular crystals formed from acridine and phenothiazine (1997)

A yellow crystal 3 and a red crystal 4 simultaneously crystallize from a solution of acridine 1 and phenothiazine 2 in acetonitrile. Similar N · · · H–N hydrogen bonding pairs of 1 and 2 are formed in the two crystals. The 3∶4 crystal 3 has a slightly uncommon molecular arrangement of which four acridine molecules out of twelve are disordered in the unit cell. The 1∶1 crystal 4 has a more rigid packing of the hydrogen bonding pairs. Irradiation of 3 gives a photoadduct 5 as the sole product, whereas 4 shows almost no photoreactivity. The occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer has been confirmed by the measurement of transient absorption spectra of the crystals 3 and 4. However, the two-stage decay of the transient absorption of 3 with lifetimes of 2 and 50 ps is different from that of 4 with a single short lifetime of 2 ps. Upon irradiating 3, electron transfer, proton transfer and subsequent radical coupling occur over the shortest distance of 4.1 Å between the preradical carbon and nitrogen atoms in the crystal lattice followed by dehydrogenation to afford the product 5. In the case of the red crystal 4, the radical coupling is difficult because of the longer coupling distance of 5.6 Å and the more restricted movement in the rigid crystal lattice. The results indicate that the observed photochemical behaviour of 3 and 4 are controlled by the molecular arrangement in the crystal lattice.
Identification of a novel transcription factor, ELYS, expressed predominantly in mouse foetal haematopoietic tissues (2002)

We have reported the isolation and characterization of a novel molecule, ELYS. ELYS seems to be a nuclear transcription factor associated with both early and mature haematopoietic events.
Redesigning an Antibody Fragment for Faster Association with Its Antigen (2003)

Traditional approaches for increasing the affinity of protein-protein complexes focus on constructing highly complementary binding surfaces. Recent theoretical simulations and experimental results suggest that electrostatic steering forces can also be manipulated to increase association rates while leaving dissociation rates unchanged, thus increasing affinity. Here we demonstrate that electrostatic attraction can be enhanced between an antibody fragment and its cognate antigen through application of a few simple rules to identify potential on-rate amplification sites that lie at the periphery of the antigen-antibody interface.
Glucose transporter expression on the plasma membrane of resting and activated white blood cells (2007)

Activation of WBC leads to increased expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms on their plasma membrane; this process was further augmented by insulin. During infection, these mechanisms may help to redistribute glucose as a potential source of energy away from peripheral tissues and direct it towards cells that mediate the immune response and are therefore crucial to survival.
Effect of the levels of dissolved oxygen on the expression of recombinant proteins in four recombinantEscherichia coli strains (1992)

Four recombinant strains of Escherichia coli were examined for the effects of the dissolved oxygen level on the level of biomass, the plasmid content, and the level of recombinant protein at the stationary phase of batch growth. Strains JM101/pYEJ001, and TB-1/pYEJ001 (encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), and strain TB-1/p1034, and TB-1/pUC19 (encoding beta-galactosidase) were grown at the constant dissolved oxygen levels of 0, 50, and 100% air saturation, as well as in the absence of dissolved oxygen control. The biomass of all strains under constant aerobic conditions was 12-36 times higher than that under anaerobic conditions, but was the same as or slightly higher than that without dissolved oxygen control. The plasmid content in all strains under aerobic conditions was 2.9-11.7 times higher than that under aerobic conditions. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for the specific activity of recombinant proteins was dependent upon the strain. In no strain were constant aerobic conditions optimal. However, because of the effect on biomass, controlled aerobic conditions were optimal for the volumetric activity of recombinant protein in all but one strain.
Ultrasound Imaging: Principles and Applications in Rodent Research (2001)

Ultrasound imaging utilizes the interaction of sound waves with living tissue to produce an image of the tissue or, in Doppler-based modes, determine the velocity of a moving tissue, primarily blood. These dynamic, real time images can be analyzed to obtain quantitative structural and functional information from the target organ. This versatile, noninvasive diagnostic tool is widely used and accepted in human and veterinary medicine. Until recently its application as a research tool was limited primarily to larger, nonrodent species. Due to advances in ultrasound imaging technology, commercially available ultrasound systems now have the spatial and temporal resolution to obtain accurate images of rat and mouse hearts, kidneys, and other target tissues including tumor masses. As a result, ultrasound imaging is being used more frequently as a research tool to image rats and mice, and particularly to evaluate cardiac structure and function. The developing technology of ultrasound biomicroscopy has even greater spatial resolution and has been used to evaluate developing mouse embryos and guide site-specific injections into mouse embryos. Additional ultrasound imaging technologies, including contrast-enhanced imaging and intravascular ultrasound transducers adapted for transesophageal use, have been utilized in rats and mice. This paper provides an overview of basic ultrasound principles, equipment, and research applications. The use of noninvasive ultrasound imaging in research represents both a significant refinement as a potential replacement for more invasive techniques and a significant advancement in research techniques to study rats and mice.
Kinetic Description of the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor (2005)

A study has been conducted on the effect of an HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst used in situ in a conical spouted bed reactor in the flash pyrolysis of sawdust at 400 °C. The presence of the catalyst allows great changes in the yields of gas, liquid, and char. Thus, the yield of gas increases as the catalyst amount is increased, whereas the yield of liquid decreases significantly and the yield of char decreases slightly. The values of the kinetic constants corresponding to the kinetic scheme proposed for the catalytic pyrolysis have been calculated. This scheme includes two new steps that are different from those of thermal pyrolysis, namely, the transformation of the liquid into gas and char. As a consequence of the use of the catalyst, the composition of the bio-oil undergoes a drastic change, given that the heavy organic fraction is partially transformed to the aqueous fraction due cracking, whereas the aqueous liquid fraction undergoes reactions of dehydration, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation. These reactions explain the increase in the generation of CO2, and particularly CO, when the amount of catalyst is increased. A detailed study is performed on the effect of the amount of catalyst on the composition of the bio-oil.
Analysis, simulation, and measurement of envelope tracking linearization (2016)

Additional intermodulation distortions (IMD) are generated in an envelope tracking (ET) power amplifier (PA) due to the mixing between RF input and ET signals. ET linearization can thus be achieved by the IMD cancellation. Analytical expressions depicting the ET linearization mechanism are derived. IMD cancellation is demonstrated with a three tone harmonic balance simulation. Significant linearity improvement is experimentally observed with both two-tone and modulated signals.
Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: A tool whose time has come of age (2011)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are isolated tumor cells disseminated from the site of disease in metastatic and/or primary cancers, including breast cancer, that can be identified and measured in the peripheral blood of patients. As recent technical advances have rendered it easier to reproducibly and repeatedly sample this population of cells with a high degree of accuracy, these cells represent an attractive surrogate marker of the site of disease. Currently, CTCs are being integrated into clinical trial design as a surrogate for phenotypic and genotypic markers in correlation with development of molecularly targeted therapies. As CTCs play a crucial role in tumor dissemination, translational research is implicating CTCs in several biological processes, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In this mini-review, we review CTCs in metastatic breast cancer, and discuss their clinical utility for assessing prognosis and monitoring response to therapy. We will also introduce their utility in pharmacodynamic monitoring for rational selection of molecularly targeted therapies and briefly address how they can help elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis.
Development of {\it Listeria monocytogenes/} as a vaccine vector for the delivery of a model antigen to the immune system (1996)

Pyrolysis of pharmaceutical sludge (PS) is a promising way of safe disposal and to recover energy and resources from waste. The resulting PS biochar (PSBC) is often used as adsorbent, but has seldom been explored as catalyst. Herein we demonstrate that PSBC (0.4 g/L) could efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to 100% degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) with rate constants of 0.42-1.70 min<sup>-1</sup>, outperforming other reported catalysts. Interestingly, the PMS activation pathway highly depended on PSBC pyrolysis temperature, which produced dominantly high-valent iron species (e.g., Fe<sup>IV</sup>O<sup>2+</sup>) at low temperature but more sulfate radical (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>·-</sup>) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) at higher temperature, e.g., 0.17, 0.23, 0.12 mmol/L of Fe<sup>IV</sup>O<sup>2+</sup> and 0.009, 0.038, 0.102 mmol/L of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>·-</sup>/·OH were produced within 10 min by PSBC-600/PMS, PSBC-800/PMS, and PSBC-1000/PMS, respectively. Characterization, density functional theory (DFT) simulation and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that along with the increase of pyrolysis temperatures, the active sites of PSBC gradually shifted from atomically dispersed N-coordinated Fe moieties (FeN<sub>x</sub>) to iron nitrides (Fe<sub>x</sub>N), which activated PMS to produce Fe<sup>IV</sup>O<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>·-</sup>/·OH, respectively. This study clarifies the structure-activity relationships of PSBC for PMS activation, and opens a new avenue for the treatment and utilization of PS as high value-added resources.
Sympathetic vascular control of the pig nasal mucosa (2): reserpine‐resistant, non‐adrenergic nervous responses in relation to neuropeptide Y and ATP (1988)

The possible occurrence of non-adrenergic mechanisms in the sympathetic vascular control of the nasal mucosa was studied in vivo using reserpine-treated pigs (1 mg kg-1, i.v., 24 h earlier) in combination with pharmacological blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors by local phenoxybenzamine (1 mg kg-1, i.a.) infusion. The nasal mucosal depletion (99%) of the content of noradrenaline (NA) in reserpinized animals was not influenced by preganglionic denervation while the depletion (44%) of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was prevented. Upon stimulation with single shocks, 25% of the arterial blood flow reduction and 47% of the nasal mucosal volume reduction (reflecting contraction of venous sinusoids) were still present after reserpine as compared with controls. In reserpinized animals, the vascular responses were slow developing and long-lasting, and about 60% remained at 0.59 Hz and more than 80% at 6.9 Hz. The vascular effects after reserpine were, however, subjected to fatigue, which may explain why phenoxybenzamine treatment still reduced the functional effects in the absence of NA. Local intra-arterial injections of NA, NPY and the metabolically stable adenosine-5'-triphosphate analogue alpha, beta-methylene ATP (mATP) caused reduction in both arterial blood flow and nasal mucosal volume. The C-terminal fragment of NPY (NPY 13-36) also induced nasal vasoconstriction although with a fivefold lower potency than NPY 1-36. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate caused a biphasic vascular effect with vasodilatatory actions at low doses and a short-lasting vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation at very high doses (100-fold higher than the threshold response to mATP). In contrast to the response to NA, the long-lasting vascular effects of NPY and mATP were resistant to phenoxybenzamine treatment. In conclusion, although NA is likely to mediate most of the sympathetic vascular responses to low-frequency stimulation in the pig nasal mucosa, a large resistance and capacitance vessel component upon high-frequency stimulation seems to be non-adrenergic and mimicked by NPY rather than ATP.
IMP3 Is a Novel Biomarker to Predict Metastasis and Prognosis of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Insulinlike growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is a newly identified mRNA-binding protein that is involved in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis of some malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of this protein in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The expression of IMP3 in 65 samples of tongue SCC and 27 cases of oral leukoplakia (OL) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. These expression levels were correlated with clinical and pathologic features as well as death from tongue SCC. Weak immunohistochemical stain for IMP3 was identified in all 19 cases of OL with mild dysplasia, and no immunohistochemical reactivity was found in 8 cases of OL without dysplasia. Positive immunohistochemical stain for IMP3 was identified in 50 cases (77%) of SCC; among them, weak staining was identified in 33 cases (51%) and intermediate staining in 17 cases (26%). To compare the expression of IMP3 in tongue SCC and OL, stronger immunohistochemical reactivity was found in tongue SCC (P < 0.05). Stronger expression of IMP3 was found to be associated with lymphoid metastasis (P < 0.05) and patient poor outcome (median survival time of 40 months in the negative and weak expression group vs 10 months in the intermediate expression group; P < 0.05). This study suggests that the increase in IMP3 expression in tongue leukopathia and SCCs may play a role in the carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis of tongue SCCs. Insulinlike growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 could be a novel prognostic indicator for patients with tongue SCCs.
In situ hybridization: detecting viral nucleic acid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples (2004)

In situ hybridization is a method for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences within individual cells. This technique permits visualization of viral nucleic acid or gene expression in individual cells within their histologic context. In situ hybridization is based on the complementary binding of a labeled nucleic acid probe to complementary sequences in cells or tissue sections, followed by visualization of target sequences within the cells. It has been used widely for the detection of viral nucleic acid sequences within individual cells. This review will define the technical approaches of in situ hybridization and its current application to detect viral nucleic acids within formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, with special reference to the Epstein-Barr virus.
Biochemical properties of conjugates of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator with a monoclonal antibody specific for cross‐linked fibrin (1989)

Equimolar mixtures of recombinant single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) and a murine monoclonal antibody (MA-15C5) directed against fragment-D dimer of human cross-linked fibrin were conjugated, using the cross-linking agent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (PySSProSu). The conjugate (rscu-PA/MA-15C5), purified by immunoadsorption on a urokinase antibody and affinity chromatography on fibrin fragment-D dimer with a yield of 42 +/- 15% (mean +/- SD, n = 3), contained an average of 1.2 +/- 0.3 IgG molecules/rscu-PA molecule. On non-reduced SDS/PAGE it migrated as a main band with apparent Mr of 200,000. Specific amidolytic activities expressed/mass of u-PA were less than 250 IU/mg for rscu-PA/MA-15C5 and rscu-PA, 140,000 +/- 13,000 IU/mg and 100,000 +/- 17,000 IU/mg for their plasmin-generated two chain derivatives rtcu-PA/MA-15C5 and rtcu-PA respectively. Specific activities on fibrin plates were 100,000 +/- 24,000 IU/mg and 130,000 +/- 49,000 IU/mg for rscu-PA/MA-15C5 and rtcu-PA/MA-15C5 respectively, as compared to 180,000 +/- 15,000 IU/mg for both rscu-PA and rtcu-PA. Activation of plasminogen with rscu-PA/MA-15C5 (Km = 0.37 +/- 0.16 microM, k2 = 0.0063 +/- 0.0030 s-1 or rtcu-PA/MA-15C5 (Km = 19 +/- 3.0 microM, k2 = 2.0 +/- 0.10 s-1) in purified systems followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km and k2 values comparable to those of rscu-PA and rtcu-PA. In an in vitro system composed of a 125I-fibrin-labeled whole human plasma clot immersed in citrated human plasma, dose- and time-dependent lysis was obtained; 50% lysis in 2 h required 1.4 microgram/ml of rscu-PA or 0.33 microgram/ml of rtcu-PA, but only 0.22 microgram u-PA/ml of rscu-PA/MA-15C5 or 0.15 microgram u-PA/ml of rtcu-PA/MA-15C5. Addition of purified fragment-D dimer reversed the increased fibrinolytic potency of rscu-PA/MA-15C5 in a concentration-dependent way (50% inhibition at 7.2 micrograms fragment-D dimer/ml). Thus, conjugation of u-PA moieties with the fibrin-specific antibody MA-15C5 targets the plasminogen activator to the clot, resulting in a significant increase of their fibrinolytic potencies as compared to their unconjugated counterparts: 6.4-fold for rscu-PA and 2.2-fold for rtcu-PA.