gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Base Excision Repair Is Impaired in Mammalian Cells Lacking Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (2000)

In mammalian cells, damaged bases in DNA are corrected by the base excision repair pathway which is divided into two distinct pathways depending on the length of the resynthesized patch, replacement of one nucleotide for short-patch repair, and resynthesis of several nucleotides for long-patch repair. The involvement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in both pathways has been investigated by using PARP-1-deficient cell extracts to repair single abasic sites derived from uracil or 8-oxoguanine located in a double-stranded circular plasmid. For both lesions, PARP-1-deficient cell extracts were about half as efficient as wild-type cells at the polymerization step of the short-patch repair synthesis, but were highly inefficient at the long-patch repair. We provided evidence that PARP-1 constitutively interacts with DNA polymerase beta. Using cell-free extracts from mouse embryonic cells deficient in DNA polymerase beta, we demonstrated that DNA polymerase beta is involved in the repair of uracil-derived AP sites via both the short and the long-patch repair pathways. When both PARP-1 and DNA polymerase beta were absent, the two repair pathways were dramatically affected, indicating that base excision repair was highly inefficient. These results show that PARP-1 is an active player in DNA base excision repair.
Serum Interleukin‐6 and Hemoglobin as Physiological Correlates in the Geriatric Syndrome of Frailty: A Pilot Study (2002)

These results suggest that frail subjects have evidence of inflammation and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. This subclinical anemia is normocytic and is hence unlikely due to myelosuppression or iron deficiency and is potentially related to the increased chronic inflammatory state marked by serum IL-6 elevation. Further studies are indicated to better characterize the immune and hematological changes that underlie frailty.
Systematic Ensemble Learning for Regression (2014)

The motivation of this work is to improve the performance of standard stacking approaches or ensembles, which are composed of simple, heterogeneous base models, through the integration of the generation and selection stages for regression problems. We propose two extensions to the standard stacking approach. In the first extension we combine a set of standard stacking approaches into an ensemble of ensembles using a two-step ensemble learning in the regression setting. The second extension consists of two parts. In the initial part a diversity mechanism is injected into the original training data set, systematically generating different training subsets or partitions, and corresponding ensembles of ensembles. In the final part after measuring the quality of the different partitions or ensembles, a max-min rule-based selection algorithm is used to select the most appropriate ensemble/partition on which to make the final prediction. We show, based on experiments over a broad range of data sets, that the second extension performs better than the best of the standard stacking approaches, and is as good as the oracle of databases, which has the best base model selected by cross-validation for each data set. In addition to that, the second extension performs better than two state-of-the-art ensemble methods for regression, and it is as good as a third state-of-the-art ensemble method.
Regulation of the adhE gene, which encodes ethanol dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli (1991)

The respiratory control of adhE, which encodes ethanol (alcohol) dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli, was examined at the transcriptional level by using various phi (adhE'-lacZ) adhE+ merodiploid strains. Expression of the adhE'-lacZ operon fusion was increased about eightfold by anaerobic growth. Under anaerobic growth conditions, provision of nitrate lowered the level of expression. Nitrate repression was more severe than aerobic repression. From analyses of various mutants with mutations related to nitrate reduction, nitrate repression appears to result from two effects. (i) When nitrate was present, NarL, the positive regulator of the nar operon, exerted a direct repression on adhE expression, which was demonstrable even aerobically. (ii) The chemical reduction of nitrate exerted an indirect effect by altering the cellular redox potential.
Ring transformation of condensed dihydro‐as‐triazines (1981)

Abstract The 2‐amino‐ as ‐triazino[6,5‐ c ]quinoline as well as 3‐aminopyrido[4,3‐ e ]‐ as ‐triazine had previously been synthetized by Berényi (1) and Benkó et al (2). In this paper, the ring transformation occuring in aqueous media of the dihydro intermediates and their salts, respectively appearing during the synthesis of 2‐substitutedamino‐ as ‐triazino[6,5‐ c ]quinolines, are reported.
Multimodality noninvasive imaging of gene transfer using the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004)

hNIS-mediated cellular accumulation of radionuclide was clearly visualized by all 3 imaging modalities tested. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of using hNIS for monitoring the location and magnitude of expression of genes delivered during gene therapy.
On the mechanism of fibrin-specific plasminogen activation by staphylokinase (1991)

The mechanism of plasminogen activation by recombinant staphylokinase was studied both in the absence and in the presence of fibrin, in purified systems, and in human plasma. Staphylokinase, like streptokinase, forms a stoichiometric complex with plasminogen that activates plasminogen following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km = 7.0 microM and k2 = 1.5 s-1. In purified systems, alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibits the plasminogen-staphylokinase complex with k1(app) = 2.7 +/- 0.30 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 (mean +/- S.D., n = 12), but not the plasminogen-streptokinase complex. Addition of 6-aminohexanoic acid induces a concentration-dependent reduction of k1(app) to 2.0 +/- 0.17 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 (mean +/- S.D., n = 5) at concentrations greater than or equal to 30 mM, with a 50% reduction at a 6-aminohexanoic acid concentration of 60 microM. Staphylokinase does not bind to fibrin, and fibrin stimulates the initial rate of plasminogen activation by staphylokinase only 4-fold. Staphylokinase induces a dose-dependent lysis of a 0.12-ml 125I-fibrin-labeled human plasma clot submersed in 0.5 ml of citrated human plasma; 50% lysis in 2 h is obtained with 17 nM staphylokinase and is associated with only 5% plasma fibrinogen degradation. Corresponding values for streptokinase are 68 nM and more than 90% fibrinogen degradation. In the absence of a fibrin clot, 50% fibrinogen degradation in human plasma in 2 h requires 790 nM staphylokinase, but only 4.4 nM streptokinase. These results suggest the following mechanism for relatively fibrin-specific clot lysis with staphylokinase in a plasma milieu. In plasma in the absence of fibrin, the plasminogen-staphylokinase complex is rapidly neutralized by alpha 2-antiplasmin, thus preventing systemic plasminogen activation. In the presence of fibrin, the lysine-binding sites of the plasminogen-staphylokinase complex are occupied and inhibition by alpha 2-antiplasmin is retarded, thus allowing preferential plasminogen activation at the fibrin surface.
Yet more intramolecular cross-links in Gram-positive surface proteins (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Safety and Efficacy of a Fish-Oil–Based Fat Emulsion in the Treatment of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease (2008)

Parenteral fish-oil-based fat emulsions are safe and may be effective in the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.
Sigma Receptors and Cancer (2004)

The sigma (sigma) receptor and its agonists have been implicated in a myriad of cellular functions, biological processes and diseases. Whereas the precise molecular mechanism(s) of sigma receptors and their involvement in cancer cell biology have not been elucidated, recent work has started to shed some light on these issues. A molecular model has been proposed for the cloned sigma1 receptor; the precise molecular nature of the sigma2 receptor remains unknown. sigma receptors have been found to be frequently up-regulated in human cancer cells and tissues. sigma2 receptor drugs particularly have been shown to have antiproliferative effects. An interesting possibility is that sigma and/or sigma1 drugs could produce anticancerous effects by modulating ion channels. As well as proliferation, a variety of other metastatic cellular behaviors such as adhesion, motility, and secretion may also be affected. Other mechanisms of sigma receptor action may involve interaction with ankyrin and modulation of intracellular Ca(2+) and sphingolipid levels. Although more research is needed to further define the molecular physiology of sigma receptors, their involvement in the cellular pathophysiology of cancer raises the possibility that sigma drugs could be useful as novel therapeutic agents.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha maintains the viability of murine epidermal Langerhans cells in culture, but in contrast to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, without inducing their functional maturation. (1990)

Freshly isolated murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are weak stimulators of resting T cells but increase their stimulatory capacity 10-30-fold upon 2-3 d of culture together with other epidermal cells. This maturation of LC is mediated by two keratinocyte products. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) maintains viability and increases function. IL-1 alone does not keep LC alive, but when combined with GM-CSF further enhances their stimulatory activity. We have now searched for a cytokine that would keep LC in a viable, but functionally immature state. When LC (enriched to greater than 75%) were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF (2 ng/ml) or murine (TNF-alpha) (plateau effect at 62 U/ml), the recovery of viable LC after 72 h was identical. The LC cultured in murine TNF-alpha, however, were 10-30 times less active in stimulating resting T cells. A series of experiments demonstrated that this phenomenon was not due to the induction of insufficient amounts of GM-CSF, the induction of a suppressor factor, or a toxic effect of TNF-alpha. Interestingly, the observed TNF-alpha activity exhibited a species preference, as human TNF-alpha was not active at comparable doses. We have observed an unexpected effect of TNF-alpha on LC in vitro. Though we found that freshly prepared epidermal cells express TNF-alpha mRNA, further studies are needed to establish whether TNF-alpha plays a role in vivo by keeping resident LC in a viable, but functionally immature state.
Effects of HA‐966 on conflict, social interaction, and plus maze behaviors (1991)

Abstract Antagonists at the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor share a number of properties, including anticonvulsant and anxiolytic‐like behaviors. In the Cook and Davidson conditioned conflict paradigm, the NMDA receptor complex antagonists HA‐966 (1 and 3 mg/kg), CPP (10 mg/kg), MK‐801 (0.03 mg/kg), and the benzodiazepine, diazepam (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly disinhibited conflict responding. Likewise, in the social interaction test and elevated plus maze assay, two non‐conditioned paradigms predictive of anxiolytic activity, the NMDA antagonists HA‐966, CPP, and MK‐801, as well as diazepam, all significantly increased both social interaction time and open arm exploration time, respectively. In general, antagonism of the NMDA receptor complex results in anxiolytic behavior in rodents. Moreover, selective antagonism at the strychnine‐insensitive glycine modulatory site (HA‐966) may represent a new and novel class of compounds with potential therapeutic efficacy in anxiety.
Bias toward use of a specific T cell receptor beta-chain variable region in a subgroup of individuals with sarcoidosis. (1988)

To evaluate the concept that biases in the usage of T cell antigen receptor beta variable (V) regions may be manifested in T lymphocytes that accumulate in nonmalignant, T cell-mediated human disorders, a V beta 8-specific antibody (anti-Ti3A, 5REX9H5) was used to evaluate lung and blood T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis, a chronic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Whereas normal patients had less than 5% Ti3A+ lung (n = 7) and/or blood (n = 9) lymphocytes, strikingly, a subgroup (8 of 21) with active pulmonary sarcoidosis had greater than 7% Ti3A+ lung and/or blood T cells and a higher proportion of Ti3A+ lymphocytes in the lung compared with blood. Dual-color flow cytometry demonstrated compartmentalization of Ti3A+ CD4+ lymphocytes to lung and Ti3A+ CD8+ lymphocytes to blood. Analysis with a 32P-labeled V beta 8 probe revealed that sarcoid lung T lymphocytes contained higher amounts of V beta 8+ mRNA than autologous blood T cells. However, Southern analysis of sarcoid lung and blood T cell DNA demonstrated no evidence of clonal rearrangements of V beta 8 genes. These observations demonstrate a clear bias toward the use of at least one V beta region in sarcoidosis, and suggests T cells accumulate secondary to external selective pressure, rather than in a random polyclonal fashion or by clonal expansion of one or few T cell clones.
Selective activators of thyroid hormone receptors (2004)

An excess of thyroid hormone (TH) leads to a mix of deleterious (increased heart rate, muscle wasting and osteoporosis) and beneficial effects (reduced serum cholesterol and lipoprotein A and weight loss). All of these actions are mediated by nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), however, genetic evidence suggests that different TR isoforms do not contribute equally to individual TH effects. Thus, TR isoform selective activators could mimic the beneficial aspects of TH excess while avoiding the harmful effects. This article reviews new selective TR activators, their mechanism of action (they work by targeting the TR-beta isoform) and their actions in animal models. It is clear that these compounds represent a promising new avenue for the treatment of lipid disorders and obesity.
A New Anticoagulant−Antidote Pair:  Control of Thrombin Activity by Aptamers and Porphyrins (2007)

Cationic porphyrins have been described to bind to G-quadruplexes with high affinities. In combination with G-quadruplex containing DNA aptamers that bind and inhibit the blood clotting factor thrombin, these molecules act as true antidotes that revert the anticoagulant activity of the aptamer. Porphyrins in concert with four-stranded aptamers therefore represent a novel anticoagulant/antidote class within the blood clotting cascade.
Intelligent Multicast Internet Radio (2002)

As the internet continues to mature static content will continue to give way to\ndynamic, interactive multimedia content. This content will enrich all online media\nwhile at the same time imposing heavy bandwidth usage on the underlying network\ninfrastructure. Multicast networking will undoubtedly increase in popularity to\nrelieve the congested networks.\nEven as the scaling power of multicast networking approaches, users are burdened by\nthe amount of multimedia and have to spend countless hours searching for the\nappropriate content. Recommender systems are a key way to personalize this content.\nThis thesis is aimed at developing a scalable streaming application over the current IP\nmulticast infrastructure and then using personalization for recommending and\ncustomizing dynamic multimedia content.\nThe system uses a web based personalization system as the basis for user interaction\nand data collection. The multimedia streams are delivered through either Multicast or\nUnicast depending on each user's capabilities. In short it is a completely scalable,\nintelligent, audio streaming application.
An Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzocycloocta-4a,6a,-diene-5,11-diyne and its Precursors (2002)

Two efficient syntheses of dibenzocyclooctadienediyne 1 were developed employing known reactions, which utilize commercially available reagents. Both methods are an improvement on known syntheses resulting in 41% and 43% overall yields. The latter method also offers an efficient synthesis of dibenzocyclooctatetraene 9, which is one of the key reagents now commercially unavailable.
Seed‐specific expression of a bacterial desensitized aspartate kinase increases the production of seed threonine and methionine in transgenic tobacco (1993)

Summary In order to study the regulation of threonine and methionine synthesis in plant seeds, tobacco plants were transformed with a chimeric gene containing the coding DNA sequence of a mutant lysC gene from Escherichia coli fused to a promoter from a phaseolin seed storage protein gene. The bacterial mutant lysC gene codes for aspartate kinase (AK) which is desensitized to feedback inhibition by lysine and threonine. Increased AK activity, compared with control non‐transformed plants, was detected in seeds but not in leaves, roots and flowers of the transgenic plants. This expression was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of free threonine and methionine in the seed. The level of these amino acids also correlated positively with the levels of the bacterial enzyme. No alteration in plant phenotype and ‘average seed weight’ was observed in any of the transgenic plants, indicating that plant growth and seed development were normal. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the threonine and methionine biosynthetic pathways are active in plant seeds. Thus, targeting of the production of favorable biosynthetic enzymes to plant seeds may represent a desirable molecular approach for production of crop plants with a more balanced nutritional quality.
Progress toward 10 nm CMOS devices (2002)

One of the primary means for improving performance and increasing the scale of integration on a chip is the miniaturization of the electronic devices that comprise it. The SIA roadmap projects that future gains in performance will continue to accrue from this approach. One of the guiding principles for miniaturization has been the scaling of successful existing device designs to smaller dimensions. While there may be no compelling reason why the SIA targets cannot be achieved by continued scaling, an accurate assessment of the limiting performance that can be derived from conventional CMOS is crucial for identifying the principal impediments and for developing alternatives. Here, we identify five impediments that we have encountered as we attempt to scale CMOS technology toward 10 nm gate lengths: optical lithography, gate oxide tunneling, enhanced boron diffusion in the ultra-shallow junction, drive current saturation with decreasing oxide thickness, and the subthreshold current.
Temperature memory effect of Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloy (2005)

The temperature memory effect(TEM) of Ti_(50)Ni_(35)Cu_(15) and Ti_(50)Ni_(45)Cu_5(mole fraction,%) shape memory alloys was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter.The results indicate that TME of Ti-Ni-Cu alloy only exists in the heating process,and TME occurs both in B19′→B2 and B19→B2 transformation during heating process.But,there is no evidence of TME during cooling in the experimented alloy.The analysis suggests that this could be due to the re-distribution of the elastic strain energy during the incomplete transformation.
Brain Blood‐flow Alterations Induced by Therapeutic Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Partial Epilepsy: II. Prolonged Effects at High and Low Levels of Stimulation (2004)

Seizure control improved during a period over which some immediate VNS-induced CBF changes declined (mainly over cortical regions), whereas other VNS-induced CBF changes persisted (mainly over subcortical regions). Altered synaptic activities at sites of persisting VNS-induced CBF changes may reflect antiseizure actions.
Photosensitization by reversible electron transfer: theories, experimental evidence, and examples (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitization by reversible electron transfer: theories, experimental evidence, and examplesGeorge J. Kavarnos and Nicholas J. TurroCite this: Chem. Rev. 1986, 86, 2, 401–449Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00072a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00072a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6016Altmetric-Citations1314LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Measuring Visual Performance of LASIK Patients under Photopic and Mesopic Conditions (2006)

High-contrast logMAR chart performed under mesopic conditions has the potential to replace visual acuity measured under photopic conditions in providing more reliable representation of postoperative visual outcomes of LASIK eyes. Eye doctors should consider performing this vision test routinely to gauge the success of LASIK surgery.
New variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia with IRF2BP2–RARA fusion (2016)

We present an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient with two subtypes of IRF2BP2-RARA, in which the IRF2BP2 gene showed completely new breakpoints. Bone marrow examination revealed morphologic features indicative of APL. However, promyelocytic leukemia-RARA fusion was not detected. A paired-end mRNA sequencing followed by RT-PCR and direct sequencing revealed two types of fusion transcripts between exon 1B of IRF2BP2 and exon 3 of RARA. The patient received all-trans retinoic acid and conventional chemotherapy, but showed resistance. This is the second report of IRF2BP2 involvement in APL, and we describe various breakpoints for the IRF2BP2-RARA fusion gene.
Human Photoreceptor Transplantation in Retinitis Pigmentosa (1997)

A sheet of adult human photoreceptor cells can be harvested from human cadaveric eyes and safely transplanted to the subretinal spaces of patients with retinitis pigmentosa without systemic immunosuppression.