gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat, induced with two homologous reagin-like antibodies and its specific inhibition with disodium cromoglycate. (1969)

Rats immunized with egg albumin and Bordetella pertussis organisms produce a `mast cell sensitizing' antibody (MCSAb) which is thermolabile, a potent skin sensitizer and reagin in character. Similarly the immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats is closely associated with the formation of antibodies which also resembles human reagins. Homologous passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reactions induced by N. brasiliensis serum were found to be similar to those produced using the adjuvant induced antibody in that both were completely inhibited by, combined treatment with mepyramine and 2-bromo-D-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL148), cyproheptadine or pretreatment with compound 48/80. In contrast, skin reactions involving passive sensitization of rats with rabbit hyperimmune antiserum were much less affected. Studies on mast cell disruption at the site of PCA reactions showed that such reactions using N. brasiliensis serum were accompanied by degranulation of mast cells, and confirmed that mast cell damage occurs in PCA induced with MCSAb. Both the PCA and the mast cell disruption were maximal 5 minutes after antigen challenge in both rat reagin systems. The skin reaction produced using rabbit hyperimmune antiserum was not primarily dependent on, or associated with, mast cell disruption, since it was still possible to induce skin reactions when the mast cells had been disrupted by compound 48/80, and skin reactions could be obtained without significant mast cell disruption. Disodium cromoglycate, a new compound introduced for the treatment of asthma, was shown to inhibit both the PCA and mast cell disruption induced using both rat reagin antibodies but not the skin reactions produced with rabbit anti-serum. It was possible to obtain substantial inhibition of mast cell disruption induced by rat reagin, even when the PCA was inhibited only slightly. At higher doses the discharge of the mediators from mast cells was also prevented. This interference with mast cell permeability was not unspecific since disodium cromoglycate did not prevent the skin reaction or mast cell disruption produced by compound 48/80. As expected mepyramine was able to partially inhibit the skin reaction without affecting mast cell disruption induced by rat reagin or compound 48/80. It is suggested that disodium cromoglycate acts at some critical pathway in the events after the union of antigen with reagin antibody and that this critical pathway might be common to both the human and rat reagin systems.
Quantification of N-hydroxysuccinimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) (2015)

NHS and sulfo-NHS esters are used for many different bioconjugations. A simple and robust chromatographic method is presented, reaching a detection limit of about 1 mg/L of NHS. The purity determination of a commercial fluorescent dye NHS ester and other applications are shown.
Effect of l-ornithine-l-aspartate on patients with and without TIPS undergoing glutamine challenge: a double blind, placebo controlled trial (2000)

This study showed that LOLA ameliorated the deleterious psychometric effects of glutamine in Child's grade B and C patients with cirrhosis without TIPS and supports its use in clinical practice in hepatic encephalopathy.
Visualization of Polyoma Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells In Vivo During Infection and Tumor Rejection (1999)

Abstract T cells are critical for clearing infection and preventing tumors induced by polyoma virus, a natural murine papovavirus. We previously identified the immunodominant epitope for polyoma virus-specific CTL in tumor-resistant H-2k mice as the Dk-restricted peptide, MT389–397, derived from the polyoma middle T oncoprotein. In this study, we developed tetrameric Dk complexes containing the MT389–397 peptide to directly visualize and enumerate MT389–397-specific CTL during polyoma virus infection. We found that Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ T cells undergo a massive expansion during primary infection such that by day 7 postinfection these Ag-specific CD8+ T cells constitute ∼20% of the total and ∼40% of the activated CD8+ T cells in the spleen. This expansion of Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ T cells parallels the emergence of MT389–397-specific ex vivo cytolytic activity and clearance of polyoma virus. Notably, Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ T cells are maintained in memory at very high levels. The frequencies of Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ effector and memory T cells in vivo match those of CD8+ T cells producing intracellular IFN-γ after 6-h in vitro stimulation by MT389–397 peptide. Consistent with preferential Vβ6 expression by MT389–397-specific CD8+CTL lines and clones, Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ T cells exhibit biased expression of this Vβ gene segment. Finally, we show that Dk/MT389 tetramer+CD8+ T cells efficiently infiltrate a polyoma tumor challenge to virus-immune mice. Taken together, these findings strongly implicate virus-induced MT389–397-specific CD8+ T cells as essential effectors in eliminating polyoma-infected and polyoma-transformed cells in vivo.
Alternative implementations of two-level adaptive branch prediction (1992)

As the issue rate and depth of pipelining of high performance Superscalar processors increase, the importance of an excellent branch predictor becomes more vital to delivering the potential performance of a wide-issue, deep pipelined microarchitecture. We propose a new dynamic branch predictor (Two-Level Adaptive Branch Prediction) that achieves substantially higher accuracy than any other scheme reported in the literature. The mechanism uses two levels of branch history information to make predictions, the history of the last k branches encountered, and the branch behavior for the last s occurrences of the specific pattern of these k branches. We have identified three variations of the Two-Level Adaptive Branch Prediction, depending on how finely we resolve the history information gathered. We compute the hardware costs of implementing each of the three variations, and use these costs in evaluating their relative effectiveness. We measure the branch prediction accuracy of the three variations of two-Level Adaptive Branch Prediction, along with several other popular proposed dynamic and static prediction schemes, on the SPEC benchmarks. We show that the average prediction accuracy for Two-Level Adaptive Branch Prediction is 97 percent, while the other known schemes achieve at most 94.4 percent average prediction accuracy. We measure the effectiveness of different prediction algorithms and different amounts of history and pattern information. We measure the costs of each variation to obtain the same prediction accuracy.
Space division multiplexing (SDM) for OFDM systems (2002)

A promising solution for significant increase of the bandwidth efficiency and transmission capacity is the exploitation of the spatial dimension, by using space division multiplexing (SDM). SDM algorithms exploit the richly scattered (indoor) wireless channel by using multiple transmit and receive antennas. A new SDM technique, called maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) is proposed. The superior SNR performance of MLD compared to other SDM techniques is proven. To obtain an even higher bit rate and make the system more robust against intersymbol interference, (single-carrier) SDM is successfully applied to the spectrum efficient multi-carrier transmission technique orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
Predicting the 30-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (2009)

Standard risk factors remain strong predictors of hard CVD over extended follow-up. Thirty-year risk prediction functions offer additional risk burden information that complements that of 10-year functions.
Characterization of GLP-1 Effects on β-Cell Function After Meal Ingestion in Humans (2003)

Administration of GLP-1 along with ingestion of a meal augments insulin secretion in humans by a dose-dependent potentiation of the dose-response relationship between plasma glucose and insulin secretion.
Disruption of BRD4 at H3K27Ac-enriched enhancer region correlates with decreased c-Myc expression in Merkel cell carcinoma (2015)

Pathologic c-Myc expression is frequently detected in human cancers, including Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer with no cure for metastatic disease. Bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) regulates gene transcription by binding to acetylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) on the chromatin. Super-enhancers of transcription are identified by enrichment of H3K27Ac. BET inhibitor JQ1 disrupts BRD4 association with super-enhancers, downregulates proto-oncogenes, such as c-Myc, and displays antitumor activity in preclinical animal models of human cancers. Here we show that an enhancer proximal to the c-Myc promoter is enriched in H3K27Ac and associated with high occupancy of BRD4, and coincides with a putative c-Myc super-enhancer in MCC cells. This observation is mirrored in tumors from MCC patients. Importantly, depleted BRD4 occupancy at the putative c-Myc super-enhancer region by JQ1 correlates with decreased c-Myc expression. Thus, our study provides initial evidence that super-enhancers regulate c-Myc expression in MCC.
Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates wound healing in healing-impaired db/db mice. (1990)

The stimulatory effect of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on wound healing was assessed using healing-impaired (db/db) mice. Full-thickness wounds were made in female diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice, and their normal (db/+) littermates with a punch biopsy instrument. Recombinant bFGF was applied locally to the open wound once a day. The mice were later killed and histological sections of the wounds were prepared. The degree of wound healing was evaluated using several histological parameters such as degree of reepithelialization, granulation tissue thickness, matrix density, number of infiltrated cells, and number of capillaries. Wounds from normal mice displayed good reepithelialization rates and granulation tissue formation, while wounds from db/db mice had poor responses, especially in the dermal parameters. Although the application of bFGF to wounds in the normal (db/+) mice had little effect, application of bFGF to wounds in db/db mice induced significant responses in all of the dermal parameters compared with nontreated db/db mice (p less than 0.001). In the presence of bFGF, these parameters approximated those observed in nontreated littermates. A minimum of 0.5 microgram bFGF in either single or multiple applications was required for a significant effect. bFGF that was either boiled or pretreated with neutralizing antibody had little stimulatory effect. Time-course experiments indicated that the granulation response in bFGF-treated mice peaked between 8 and 12 d, and decreased after 12 d, while matrix density continued to increase until the 18th day (p less than 0.05). The breaking strength of healed linear wounds in db/db mice was also decreased when compared with heterozygous littermates. This parameter was also improved by the administration of bFGF to the wounds (p less than 0.05).
Thermal Control of Metathesis Reactions Producing GaN and InN (2001)

The addition of lithium amide (LiNH2) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to metathesis (exchange) reactions between gallium triiodide (GaI3) and lithium nitride (Li3N) produces crystalline gallium nitride (GaN) in seconds at ambient pressure. A specially designed rate cell incorporating multiple thermocouples enables both the reaction velocity and temperatures to be measured. Without the additives, the GaI3/Li3N reaction propagates at >100 cm/s with a reaction temperature above 1300 K, which exceeds the 1150 K decomposition temperature of GaN. By adding an optimal ratio of LiNH2 and NH4Cl, the reaction velocity slows to about 3 cm/s with a reaction temperature near 1200 K. Rapid heat dissipation is found to be very important in these reactions in preventing the decomposition of GaN. By using a specially designed thermal dissipation cell, the yield of GaN can be increased up to 78.8%. Applying the concepts developed in the synthesis of GaN, crystalline InN has been synthesized for the first time using solid-state metathesis reactions.
First‐And Second‐Generation Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibitors Targeted Against Human C‐ raf Kinase (2007)

Following extensive screening of more than 50 antisense-designed phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to human c-raf mRNA, one oligodeoxynucleotide (ISIS 5132/CGP 69846A) was identified as being the most potent inhibitor of c-raf gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. ISIS 5132 is a highly sequence-specific and target-specific inhibitor of c-raf mRNA and protein levels. c-raf inhibition results in dramatic alteration of downstream signalling events within the MAP kinase signalling pathway. Moreover, this oligodeoxynucleotide displays potent antitumour activity against a broad spectrum of tumour types in mouse models and has progressed to Phase I clinical trails. In an effort to identify potential back-up compounds to ISIS 5132, a variety of second-generation 2' sugar modifications have been evaluated for activity against c-raf in cell culture. We have identified a number of second-generation oligonucleotides with improved biophysical characteristics that result in enhanced activity against c-raf in cell culture. Activity enhancement was most pronounced for 2'-O-methoxyethyl-modified oligonucleotides and this modification also resulted in significantly improved antitumour activity in vivo.
Augmented reality for plant lifecycle management (2007)

Augmented reality is a technology expected to have a big impact as a natural and intuitive user interface to industrial applications. A lot of research has been done in industrial augmented reality but real life applications are still rare. One reason for the slow adoption seems to be that augmented reality applications have been developed without taking sufficiently into account the existing industrial processes in information management. This paper describes a prototype software which uses augmented reality as a user interface to plant lifecycle management applications in different lifecycle phases. Several use cases implemented show that augmented reality can be implemented cost efficiently without specific authoring tools if the design information is correctly structured already in the design phase, and if the design, maintenance and real-time information sources are accessed via standard application interfaces.
The potential role of microorganisms in the development of rosacea (2010)

Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous disorder characterized by centrofacial persisting erythema, telangiectases, papules, pustules, edema, phymas and ocular involvement. Despite being one of the most common skin disorders, its pathogenesis remains unclear and controversial. Although the disease triggering factors are well recognized, the underlying causes of rosacea have not yet been identified. Several different postulates about its pathogenesis can be found in the medical literature. Abnormalities of the pilosebaceous unit, as well as genetic, vascular, inflammatory, environmental and microbial factors have been described. The microorganisms that have been associated include Helicobacter pylori, Demodex folliculorum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Chlamydia pneumonia; all the studies have been inconclusive. We review currently available scientific data on the potential pathogenetic role of microorganisms in the development of rosacea.
Unilateral orbital emphysema after sneezing. (2010)

We report a case who developed unilateral orbital emphysema after sneezing in a 30-year-old man presented with left crepitant eyelid swelling and progressive ptosis. Sneezing may cause orbital emphysema in cases with a history of minor periorbital trauma. While periodical followup without any medication is considered satisfactory, needle decompression may provide early cure.
Protein Translocation Across and Integration into Membrane (1986)

This review concentrates mainly on the translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. It will start with a short historical review and will pinpoint the crucial questions in the field. Special emphasis will be given to the present knowledge on the molecular details of the first steps, i.e., on the function of the signal recognition particle and its receptor. The knowledge on the signal peptidase and the ribosome receptor(s) will also be summarized. The various models for the translocation of proteins across and the integration of proteins into membranes will be critically discussed. In particular, the function of signal, stop-transfer, and insertion sequences will be dealt with and molecular differences discussed. The cotranslational mode of membrane transfer will be compared with the post-translational transport found for mitochondria and chloroplasts. This review will conclude with open questions and an outlook.
Identification of a second oligopeptide transport system in Bacillus subtilis and determination of its role in sporulation (1994)

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis depends on an intact oligopeptide transport system, the Opp system. Mutants in opp sporulate poorly but second-site revertants can be found that restore sporulation and peptide transport. These second-site mutations were found in a second oligopeptide transport system, app, in which the peptide-binding protein, AppA, is mutant owing to a frame-shift mutation, and the revertants restore the original frame. The AppA mutation is present in the 168 strain of B. subtilis. The app operon consists of five genes in the order appD-appF-appA-appB-appC, with the locus designations corresponding to their homologue in the opp operon. Homology between the app and opp proteins ranges from 54% identity for AppF and OppF, to 22% identity for AppA and OppA. Both the App and Opp permease systems can transport tetra- and pentapeptides, but tripeptides are not transported by the App system. Strains of the genotype app+ opp- are resistant to the tripeptide antibiotic bialaphos. The repaired App system can substitute completely for the Opp system in both sporulation and competence for genetic transformation. The phenotypes raised some speculation about the subunit configuration of the Opp system.
Role of the Extrinsic Pathway of Blood Coagulation in Hemostasis and Thrombosis (2007)

Hemostasis requires both platelets and the coagulation system. At sites of vessel injury, bleeding is minimized by the formation of a hemostatic plug consisting of platelets and fibrin. The traditional view of the regulation of blood coagulation is that the initiation phase is triggered by the extrinsic pathway, whereas amplification requires the intrinsic pathway. The extrinsic pathway consists of the transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF) and plasma factor VII/VIIa (FVII/FVIIa), and the intrinsic pathway consists of plasma FXI, FIX, and FVIII. Under physiological conditions, TF is constitutively expressed by adventitial cells surrounding blood vessels and initiates clotting. In addition so-called blood-borne TF in the form of cell-derived microparticles (MPs) and TF expression within platelets suggests that TF may play a role in the amplification phase of the coagulation cascade. Under pathologic conditions, TF is expressed by monocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets, which results in an elevation of the levels of circulating TF-positive MPs. TF expression within the vasculature likely contributes to thrombosis in a variety of diseases. Understanding how the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation contributes to hemostasis and thrombosis may lead to the development of safe and effective hemostatic agents and antithrombotic drugs.
Increased Expression of Integrin αvβ3 Contributes to the Establishment of Autocrine TGF-β Signaling in Scleroderma Fibroblasts (2005)

The constitutive secretion of latent TGF-beta by many cell types in culture suggests that extracellular mechanisms to control the activity of this potent cytokine are important in the pathogenesis of the diseases in which this cytokine may be involved, including fibrotic disorders. In this study, we focused on the alpha(v)beta3 integrin, which is recently demonstrated to function as an active receptor for latent TGF-beta1 through its interaction with latency-associated peptide-beta1, and investigated the involvement of this integrin in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Scleroderma fibroblasts exhibited increased alpha(v)beta3 expression compared with normal fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. In scleroderma fibroblasts, ERK pathway was constitutively activated and such abnormality induced the up-regulation of alpha(v)beta3. Transient overexpression of alpha(v)beta3 in normal fibroblasts induced the increase in the promoter activity of human alpha2(I) collagen gene and the decrease in that of human MMP-1 gene. These effects of alpha(v)beta3 were almost completely abolished by the treatment with anti-TGF-beta Ab or TGF-beta1 antisense oligonucleotide. Furthermore, the addition of anti-alpha(v)beta3) Ab reversed the expression of type I procollagen protein and MMP-1 protein, the promoter activity of human alpha2(I) collagen gene, and the myofibroblastic phenotype in scleroderma fibroblasts. These results suggest that the up-regulated expression of alpha(v)beta3 contributes to the establishment of autocrine TGF-beta loop in scleroderma fibroblasts, and this integrin is a potent target for the treatment of scleroderma.
Female Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: A Case-Control Study of Dietary and Reproductive Factors. (1993)

To investigate risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in relation to diet and reproduction, a population-based case-control study was conducted during the period from October 1988 to October 1989 in Miyagi Prefecture in northeastern Japan. Included in the study were 52 female patients with the recent SLE onset. Two sex- and birth year-matched (+/- 2 years) controls for each patient were selected from the general population. The analysis on diet showed that the frequent intake of meat was associated with an increased risk (frequent vs. rare, relative risk (RR) 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-10.24) and that the patients preferred fatty meat such as beef or pork. The analysis on menstrual history revealed that menstrual irregularity was also associated with an increased risk (RR 3.79; 95% CI 1.43-10.01). These results suggest that dietary and reproductive factors may be responsible for the onset and the progression of SLE.
Vascular Actions of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Adrenomedullin (2004)

This review summarizes the receptor-mediated vascular activities of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the structurally related peptide adrenomedullin (AM). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide, primarily released from sensory nerves, whilst AM is produced by stimulated vascular cells, and amylin is secreted from the pancreas. They share vasodilator activity, albeit to varying extents depending on species and tissue. In particular, CGRP has potent activity in the cerebral circulation, which is possibly relevant to the pathology of migraine, whilst vascular sources of AM contribute to dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Both peptides exhibit potent activity in microvascular beds. All three peptides can act on a family of CGRP receptors that consist of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CL) linked to one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) that are essential for functional activity. The association of CL with RAMP1 produces a CGRP receptor, with RAMP2 an AM receptor and with RAMP3 a CGRP/AM receptor. Evidence for the selective activity of the first nonpeptide CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS for the CGRP receptor is presented. The cardiovascular activity of these peptides in a range of species and in human clinical conditions is detailed, and potential therapeutic applications based on use of antagonists and gene targeting of agonists are discussed.