gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization with baculovirus-expressed recombinant rotavirus proteins VP1, VP4, VP6, and VP7 induces CD8+ T lymphocytes that mediate clearance of chronic rotavirus infection in SCID mice (1991)

Clearance of chronic murine rotavirus infection in SCID mice can be demonstrated by adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ T lymphocytes from histocompatible donor mice immunized with a murine homotypic rotavirus (T. Dharakul, L. Rott, and H.B. Greenberg, J. Virol 64:4375-4382, 1990). The present study focuses on the protein specificity and heterotypic nature of cell-mediated clearance of chronic murine rotavirus infection in SCID mice. Heterotypic cell-mediated clearance was demonstrated in SCID mice infected with EDIM (murine) rotavirus after adoptive transfer of CD8+ T lymphocytes from BALB/c mice that were immunized with a variety of heterologous (nonmurine) rotaviruses including Wa (human, serotype 1), SA11 and RRV (simian, serotype 3), and NCDV and RF (bovine, serotype 6). This finding indicates the serotypic independence of T-cell-mediated rotavirus clearance. To further identify the rotavirus proteins that are capable of generating CD8+ T cells that mediate virus clearance, donor mice were immunized with SF-9 cells infected with a baculovirus recombinant expressing one of the following rotavirus proteins: VP1, VP2, NS53 (from RF), VP4, VP7, NS35 (from RRV), VP6, and NS28 (from SA11). SCID mice stopped shedding rotavirus after receiving CD8+ T cells from mice immunized with VP1, VP4, VP6, and VP7 but not with VP2, NS53, NS35, NS28, or wild-type baculovirus. These results suggest that heterotypic cell-mediated clearance of rotavirus in SCID mice is mediated by three of the major rotavirus structural proteins and by a putative polymerase protein.
Altering the antibody repertoire via transgene homologous recombination: evidence for global and clone-autonomous regulation of antigen-driven B cell differentiation. (1995)

Antibody VH transgenes containing small amounts of natural 5' and 3' flanking DNA undergo nonreciprocal homologous recombination with the endogenous Igh locus in B cells. The resulting "hybrid" heavy chain loci are generated at a low frequency but are fully functional, undergoing somatic hypermutation and isotype class switching. We have used this recombination pathway to introduce a somatically mutated variable (V) region with an unusually high affinity for the hapten p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) into the preimmune antibody repertoire. The affinity of this V region for Ars is 100-fold higher than any unmutated anti-Ars antibody previously characterized. Expression of the transgene-encoded V region did not affect many aspects of antigen-driven B cell differentiation, including somatic hypermutation, in either Ars-specific transgene- or endogenous V gene-expressing clones. Thus, the regulation of these processes appears to operate in a "global" fashion, in that the mechanisms involved are imperceptive of the relative affinities for antigen of the antibodies expressed by B cell clones participating in the immune response. In contrast, the selection of V region mutants leading to affinity maturation and memory cell formation was found to be strongly influenced by the transgenic V region, but only in clones expressing this V region. Hybridomas derived from transgene- and endogenous V region-expressing memory cells were isolated at similar frequencies from individual transgenic mice. The V regions expressed by hybridomas in both of these groups had 2- to 30-fold greater affinity for Ars than their unmutated precursors, despite the fact that the transgene-encoded precursors had 100-fold higher affinity than their endogenous counterparts. These results show that the criterion for entry into the memory compartment is established not by the affinity of a B cell's V region relative to all other V regions expressed during the response, but by the affinity of this V region relative to its unmutated precursor. Thus, the development of B cell memory is regulated in a "clone-autonomous" fashion.
Crystal structure of a functional unit from Octopus hemocyanin (1998)

Hemocyanins are giant oxygen transport proteins found in many arthropods and molluscs. Freely dissolved in the hemolymph, they are multisubunit proteins that contain many copies of the active site, a copper atom pair that reversibly binds oxygen. Octopus hemocyanin is composed of ten subunits, each of which contain seven oxygen-binding "functional units". The carboxyl-terminal 47 kDa functional unit, Odg, is a proteolytic isolate that binds oxygen reversibly while exhibiting slight Bohr and magnesium ion effects. In this work we present the X-ray structure determination and analysis of Odg at 2.3 A resolution. Odg has two structural domains: a largely alpha-helical copper binding domain, and a five-stranded anti-parallel beta-sandwich with the jelly roll topology found in many viruses. Six histidine residues ligate the copper atoms, one of which is involved in a thioether bridge. The results show that the hemocyanin from the mollusc and that from the arthropod have distinct tertiary folds in addition to the long recognized differences in their quaternary structures. Nonetheless, a comparison of Octopus and horseshoe crab hemocyanin reveals a similar active site, in a striking example of perhaps both convergent and divergent evolution.
The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries (1998)

No abstract available.
Pharmacokinetics of eltoprazine in healthy male subjects after single dose oral and intravenous administration. (1990)

The kinetics, safety and tolerability of eltoprazine hydrochloride were studied in an open, cross-over, partially randomised design after single oral (8 mg) and intravenous (3 and 8 mg) doses to 12 healthy male subjects. After intravenous administration, the mean t1/2 ranged from 7 to 9 h, the MRT was 11 h, CL was 487 +/- 148 (3 mg dose) and 471 +/- 56 (8 mg dose) ml kg-1 h-1, while CLR was 226 +/- 124 (3 mg dose) and 189 +/- 38 (8 mg dose) ml kg-1 h-1. The Vss was 3.3 +/- 0.7 (3 mg dose) and 3.8 +/- 0.5 (8 mg dose) 1 kg-1. Cumulative renal excretion was 40%. The AUC and the cumulative urinary excretion were directly proportional to dose within the range of 3-8 mg. Values of tmax varied from 1 to 4 h after oral administration. The mean Cmax value was 24 ng ml-1 after an oral dose of 8 mg. The plasma elimination half-life after oral administration was 9.8 +/- 3.9 h. Absolute oral bioavailability was 110 +/- 32%. Dose-dependent somnolence was observed.
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation is required for human neutrophil function triggered by TNF-alpha or FMLP stimulation. (1998)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-mediated signal-transduction pathways convert extracellular stimulation into a variety of cellular functions. However, the roles of MAP kinases in neutrophils are not well understood yet. Protein phosphorylation analysis of cellular MAP kinases indicates that exposure of human neutrophils to chemotactic factor FMLP as well as granulocyte-macrophage CSF, PMA, or ionomycin rapidly induced the activation of p38 and p44/42 MAP kinases, but stimulation with inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha triggered the activation of p38 MAP kinase only. To study the cellular functions of these MAP kinases, the inhibitor SB20358, which specifically inhibited enzymatic activity of cellular p38 MAP kinase, and the inhibitor PD98059, which specifically blocked the induced protein phosphorylation and activation of p44/42 MAP kinase in intact neutrophils, were utilized. Inhibition of the cellular p38 MAP kinase activation almost completely abolished the TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-8 production and superoxide generation of human neutrophils. In addition, the FMLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis as well as superoxide generation were suppressed markedly by inhibiting the activation of cellular p38 MAP kinase, but not p44/42 MAP kinase. Moreover, RIA indicates that the activation of cellular p38 MAP kinase was required for the neutrophil IL-8 production stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage CSF or LPS as well as TNF-alpha, but not for that induced by PMA or ionomycin. These results demonstrate that the activation of cellular p38 MAP kinase is indispensable for the TNF-alpha- or FMLP-mediated cellular functions in human neutrophils, and suggest that p38 MAP kinase may play a different role in response to distinct stimulation.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SESAME OIL (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SESAME OILGeorge S. Jamieson and Walter F. BaughmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 3, 775–778Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01668a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01668a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrophobic D-amino acids in the design of peptide ligands for the pp60src SH2 domain. (1996)

Src homology-2 (SH2) domains, containing approximately 100 amino acid residues, are noncatalytic motifs involved with intracellular signal transduction. These domains can be found on nonreceptor kinases, phosphatases, and in regulatory adapter proteins among others. SH2 domains bind proteins containing phosphotyrosine (pTyr) residues in a sequence specific manner. Our efforts have focused on designing peptide mimetic ligands for the SH2 domain of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pp60src. We employed the cocrystal structure of the 11mer Glu-Pro-Gln-pTyr-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro-IIe-Tyr-Leu IC50 = 800 nM as a starting point for our design efforts. These efforts have resulted in the discovery of tripeptide ligands containing D-amino acids that are only 2-fold less potent than the 11mer.
Lipid Domain Structure of the Plasma Membrane Revealed by Patching of Membrane Components (1998)

Lateral assemblies of glycolipids and cholesterol, "rafts," have been implicated to play a role in cellular processes like membrane sorting, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. We studied the structure of raft domains in the plasma membrane of non-polarized cells. Overexpressed plasma membrane markers were evenly distributed in the plasma membrane. We compared the patching behavior of pairs of raft markers (defined by insolubility in Triton X-100) with pairs of raft/non-raft markers. For this purpose we cross-linked glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), Thy-1, influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the raft lipid ganglioside GM1 using antibodies and/or cholera toxin. The patches of these raft markers overlapped extensively in BHK cells as well as in Jurkat T-lymphoma cells. Importantly, patches of GPI-anchored PLAP accumulated src-like protein tyrosine kinase fyn, which is thought to be anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of raft domains. In contrast patched raft components and patches of transferrin receptor as a non-raft marker were sharply separated. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that coalescence of cross-linked raft elements is mediated by their common lipid environments, whereas separation of raft and non-raft patches is caused by the immiscibility of different lipid phases. This view is supported by the finding that cholesterol depletion abrogated segregation. Our results are consistent with the view that raft domains in the plasma membrane of non-polarized cells are normally small and highly dispersed but that raft size can be modulated by oligomerization of raft components.
Research challenges in wireless networks: a technical overview (2003)

This technical overview outlines some key network research issues, and differentiates the features of wireless networks and the services that they will support. As the Internet becomes ubiquitously delivered on mobile platforms, new approaches to wireless networking that build upon the advances of wireline networks and cellular system design will be required.
Hadamard Transform Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1998)

A new mode of operation of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) is described and demonstrated. A continuous ion beam emerging from the ion source is accelerated and then modulated by a pseudorandom sequence of “on” and “off” pulses. The data acquisition period is set to match the period of the modulation sequence, and data are acquired synchronously with the modulation of the ion beam. The modulation sequence is deconvoluted from the data using a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) algorithm to extract the time-of-flight distribution of the ions. This multiplexing scheme increases the ion usage to ∼50% for a single detector instrument and ∼100% for a multiple detector instrument, which improves the signal level considerably over that of conventional TOFMS. The gains in signal lead to an improved signal-to-noise ratio or alternatively reduced data acquisition time, giving HT-TOFMS a major instrumental advantage over conventional TOFMS in a number of applications at little additional cost. Positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectra of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, cesium chloride, and a protein mixture of cytochrome c and ubiquitin are presented to illustrate the method and the device.
Fatty acid synthase and adipsin mRNA levels in obese and lean JCR:LA-cp rats: effect of diet. (1992)

In Sprague-Dawley rats, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity is suppressed by dietary fat. To test the hypothesis that a defect in regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis exists in massive obesity, we investigated the effect of diet on FAS mRNA levels in genetically obese JCR:LA-corpulent (cp) rats. We also determined levels of mRNA encoding adipsin, a fat cell-derived protein possibly associated with lipid metabolism. Hepatic FAS mRNA levels were elevated five-fold in obese compared to lean cp rats and were unsuppressed by dietary fat. Dietary sucrose increased FAS mRNA levels in lean cp rats, but, in contrast to Sprague-Dawley rats, little deposition of lipid resulted. Adipsin mRNA levels were fivefold lower in obese cp and Sprague-Dawley rats than in lean cp rats and were unaffected by diet. We conclude that exaggerated de novo fatty acid synthesis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity in obese JCR:LA-corpulent rats.
Shared and Unique Determinants of the Erythropoietin (EPO) Receptor Are Important for Binding EPO and EPO Mimetic Peptide (1999)

We have shown previously that Phe93 in the extracellular domain of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) is crucial for binding EPO. Substitution of Phe93 with alanine resulted in a dramatic decrease in EPO binding to the Escherichia coli-expressed extracellular domain of the EPOR (EPO-binding protein or EBP) and no detectable binding to full-length mutant receptor expressed in COS cells. Remarkably, Phe93 forms extensive contacts with a peptide ligand in the crystal structure of the EBP bound to an EPO-mimetic peptide (EMP1), suggesting that Phe93 is also important for EMP1 binding. We used alanine substitution of EBP residues that contact EMP1 in the crystal structure to investigate the function of these residues in both EMP1 and EPO binding. The three largest hydrophobic contacts at Phe93, Met150, and Phe205 and a hydrogen bonding interaction at Thr151 were examined. Our results indicate that Phe93 and Phe205 are important for both EPO and EMP1 binding, Met150 is not important for EPO binding but is critical for EMP1 binding, and Thr151 is not important for binding either ligand. Thus, Phe93 and Phe205 are important binding determinants for both EPO and EMP1, even though these ligands share no sequence or structural homology, suggesting that these residues may represent a minimum epitope on the EPOR for productive ligand binding.
Hydrogenolysis of carbohydrate acetals, ketals, and cyclic orthoesters with lithium aluminium hydride – aluminium trichloride (1969)

The reduction of hexofuranose and hexopyranose acetals with LiAlH 4 –AlCl 3 (1:1, probably AlH 2 Cl) to the corresponding ethers proceeds in similar fashion as that of simple acetals and ketals (Scheme I) (refs. 1–7). Certain O-methyl and O-benzyl derivatives, not readily obtainable otherwise, are conveniently synthesized from appropriate acetals in this way. Cyclic orthoesters of glucofuranose may be selectively reduced to acetals; the steric course of such reduction has been shown unequivocally in the case of orthoformates (Scheme II). Of several cleavable groups, the ease of hydrogenolysis is (a) cyclic orthoester &gt; isopropylidene ketal, cyclohexylidene ketal &gt; benzylidene acetal &gt; ethylidene acetal &gt; formal and (b) 5,6-O-linked or 3,5-O-linked acetal or ketal &gt; 1,2-O-linked acetal or ketal.
Bisphosphonates Inhibit the Growth ofTrypanosomabrucei,Trypanosomacruzi,Leishmaniadonovani,Toxoplasmagondii, andPlasmodiumfalciparum:  A Potential Route to Chemotherapy (2001)

We have investigated the effects in vitro of a series of bisphosphonates on the proliferation of Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum. The results show that nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates of the type used in bone resorption therapy have significant activity against parasites, with the aromatic species having in some cases nanomolar or low-micromolar IC(50) activity values against parasite replication (e.g. o-risedronate, IC(50) = 220 nM for T. brucei rhodesiense; risedronate, IC(50) = 490 nM for T. gondii). In T. cruzi, the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate risedronate is shown to inhibit sterol biosynthesis at a pre-squalene level, most likely by inhibiting farnesylpyrophosphate synthase. Bisphosphonates therefore appear to have potential in treating parasitic protozoan diseases.
Design, Self‐Assembly, and Molecular Structures of 3D Copper(II) Capsules Templated by BF4– Guest Anions (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of two 3D M 2 L 4 copper(II) capsules, {[BF 4 ⊂(CH 3 CN) 2 Cu 2 (L 1 ) 4 ][BF 4 ] 3 } ( 1 ) and {[BF 4 ⊂(BF 4 ) 2 Cu 2 (L 1 ) 4 ][BF 4 ]} ( 2 ), by using 1,3‐(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2,5‐dimethoxy‐4,6‐dimethylbenzene (L 1 ) as a semirigid exobidentate ligand and [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ][BF 4 ] 2 as a metallobrick is reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies show the encapsulation of a BF 4 – anion in 1 and 2 . Moreover, 2 displayed three coordinated BF 4 – anions, which is rare in supramolecular coordination host–guest chemistry. Remarkably, in both metallocages the weakly coordinated BF 4 – anion acts as a template and interacts with the metal center through a weak Cu ··· F contact. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Parametric oscillation in a vertical microcavity: A polariton condensate or micro-optical parametric oscillation (2000)

Semiconductor microcavities can support quasiparticles which are half-light and half-matter with interactions possessed by neither component alone. We show that their distorted dispersion relation forms the basis of a quasiparticle ``trap'' and elicits extreme enhancements of their nonlinear optical properties. When driven by a continuous wave laser at a critical angle, the quasiparticles are sucked into the trap, condensing into a macroscopic quantum state which efficiently emits light. This device is thus an optical parametric oscillator based on quasiparticle engineering. In contrast to a laser, macroscopic coherence is established in the electronic excitations as well as the light field. This paves the way to new techniques analogous to those established in atomic and superconducting condensates, such as ultrasensitive solid-state interferometers.
Administration of Liposomal Agents and Blood Clearance Capacity of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (1998)

As liposomes are cleared from the circulation to a substantial extent by the phagocytic cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), there is a question whether administration of liposome-based therapeutic agents interferes with clearance of infectious organisms by the MPS from blood. In the present study, at first the effect of administration of three types of empty liposomes (devoid of drug), differing in blood residence time, on carbon clearance and bacterial clearance from blood was studied with mice. Classical liposomes (LIP A) and placebo liposomes with lipid composition as in AmBisome (LIP B) or as in Doxil (LIP C) were used. Liposomes were administered intravenously as a single dose. Second, the effect of multiple-dose administration of AmBisome on bacterial blood clearance was studied with rats. AmBisome was administered with two different dosage schedules. The blood clearance capacity of the MPS was monitored at different time points after the last liposome injection. It was shown that the carbon blood clearance capacity of the MPS was impaired only at a high lipid dose of empty classical liposomes. The bacterial blood clearance capacity was never impaired, not even after prolonged treatment with AmBisome administered in a clinically relevant regimen.
Feature selection algorithms: a survey and experimental evaluation (2003)

In view of the substantial number of existing feature selection algorithms, the need arises to count on criteria that enables to adequately decide which algorithm to use in certain situations. This work assesses the performance of several fundamental algorithms found in the literature in a controlled scenario. A scoring measure ranks the algorithms by taking into account the amount of relevance, irrelevance and redundance on sample data sets. This measure computes the degree of matching between the output given by the algorithm and the known optimal solution. Sample size effects are also studied.