gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Interactions of Porphyrins with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

A derivatized porphyrin with long alkyl chains, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(hexadecyloxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine, is selective toward semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in presumably noncovalent interactions, resulting in significantly enriched semiconducting SWNTs in the solubilized sample and predominantly metallic SWNTs in the residual solid sample according to Raman, near-IR absorption, and bulk conductivity characterizations.
Expression cloning of dSR-CI, a class C macrophage-specific scavenger receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. (1995)

Mammalian class A macrophage-specific scavenger receptors (SR-A) exhibit unusually broad binding specificity for a wide variety of polyanionic ligands. The properties of these receptors suggest that they may be involved in atherosclerosis and host defense. We have previously observed a similar receptor activity in Drosophila melanogaster embryonic macrophages and in the Drosophila macrophage-like Schneider L2 cell line. Expression cloning was used to isolate from L2 cells a cDNA that encodes a third class (class C) of scavenger receptor, Drosophila SR-CI (dSR-CI). dSR-CI expression was restricted to macrophages/hemocytes during embryonic development. When expressed in mammalian cells, dSR-CI exhibited high affinity and saturable binding of 125I-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein and mediated its chloroquine-dependent, presumably lysosomal, degradation. Although the broad polyanionic ligand-binding specificity of dSR-CI was similar to that of SR-A, their predicted protein sequences are not similar. dSR-CI is a 609-residue type I integral membrane protein containing several well-known sequence motifs, including two complement control protein (CCP) domains and somatomedin B, MAM, and mucin-like domains. Macrophage scavenger receptors apparently mediate important, well-conserved functions and may be pattern-recognition receptors that arose early in the evolution of host-defense mechanisms. Genetic and physiologic analysis of dSR-CI function in Drosophila should provide further insights into the roles played by scavenger receptors in host defense and development.
PALATAL MYOCLONUS TREATED WITH 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN AND A DECARBOXYLASE-INHIBITOR (1977)

A case of palatal myoclonus successfully treated with the combination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and a pheripheral decarboxylase-inhibitor is described.
Introduction to Lattices and Order (2002)

This new edition of Introduction to Lattices and Order presents a radical reorganization and updating, though its primary aim is unchanged. The explosive development of theoretical computer science in recent years has, in particular, influenced the book's evolution: a fresh treatment of fixpoints testifies to this and Galois connections now feature prominently. An early presentation of concept analysis gives both a concrete foundation for the subsequent theory of complete lattices and a glimpse of a methodology for data analysis that is of commercial value in social science. Classroom experience has led to numerous pedagogical improvements and many new exercises have been added. As before, exposure to elementary abstract algebra and the notation of set theory are the only prerequisites, making the book suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. It will also be a valuable resource for anyone who meets ordered structures.
Tray-forming technique for dentist-supervised home bleaching. (1995)

This article provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the technique for making a custom tray for the delivery of bleaching gel in dentist-supervised home bleaching systems. Specific recommendations about certain steps and materials are made and the advantages offered by these variations are explained. This information should facilitate the preparation of the tray by the dental staff in office or provide some guidelines to the dental laboratory to improve its service. The resulting appliance may offer some advantages for patient comfort during specific treatment regimens.
Mud and Cement for Horizontal Wells (1986)

ABSTRACT High-angle and horizontal well bores raise many questions concerning the characteristics of mud and cement. This paper is a summary of our knowledge and work on these two subjects. For all research carried out, large or full-scale laboratory test plants were used. Cutting transport is not only a problem in horizontal conditions but hole angles of 25 to 65° can be even more critical when parameters such as mud rheological properties and velocities are not optimized. Drilling a long horizontal drain creates a dynamic annulus pressure unbalance. This can lead to a loss and kick situation. Two test benches were thus used to obtain a good understanding of the inefficiency of conventional plugging methods and of the difficult ies of gas migration control in subhorizontal well bores. High concentrations of LCM, high rheological properties of fluids and low flow rates increase the chances of solving the first problem. The results of the second bench demonstrate the difficulties of annulus gas evacution for angles varying from 90 to 100 degrees, or from over-gauged sections in horizontal holes. Cementing horizontal casing strings is still a fairly new practice. However a good casing/formation cement bond is certainly the best means of obtaining correct well productivity. A successful horizontal cement job should prevent the formation of mud, water and gas channels and of a free water channel on the upper part of the drain hole. Therefore, several full-scale test benches (25 to 300 m in length) were set up in order to study the following cement placement parameters: casing-hole eccentricity, drilling fluid rheological behaviour, hole geometry, spacer design (rheology and density), flow rate, etc. Furthermore, slurries without free-water were studied for varying downhole conditions.
Spin-transfer torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions and spin-transfer torque random access memory (2007)

We present experimental and numerical results of current-driven magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions. The experiments show that, for MgO-based magnetic tunnelling junctions, the tunnelling magnetoresistance ratio is as large as 155% and the intrinsic switching current density is as low as 1.1 × 106 A cm−2. The thermal effect and current pulse width on spin-transfer magnetization switching are explored based on the analytical and numerical calculations. Three distinct switching modes, thermal activation, dynamic reversal, and precessional process, are identified within the experimental parameter space. The switching current distribution, write error, and read disturb are discussed based on device design considerations. The challenges and requirements for the successful application of spin-transfer torque as the write scheme in random access memory are addressed.
Transferrin receptor (TfR) trafficking determines brain uptake of TfR antibody affinity variants (2014)

Antibodies to transferrin receptor (TfR) have potential use for therapeutic entry into the brain. We have shown that bispecific antibodies against TfR and β-secretase (BACE1 [β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1]) traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and effectively reduce brain amyloid β levels. We found that optimizing anti-TfR affinity improves brain exposure and BACE1 inhibition. Here we probe the cellular basis of this improvement and explore whether TfR antibody affinity alters the intracellular trafficking of TfR. Comparing high- and low-affinity TfR bispecific antibodies in vivo, we found that high-affinity binding to TfR caused a dose-dependent reduction of brain TfR levels. In vitro live imaging and colocalization experiments revealed that high-affinity TfR bispecific antibodies facilitated the trafficking of TfR to lysosomes and thus induced the degradation of TfR, an observation which was further confirmed in vivo. Importantly, high-affinity anti-TfR dosing induced reductions in brain TfR levels, which significantly decreased brain exposure to a second dose of low-affinity anti-TfR bispecific. Thus, high-affinity anti-TfR alters TfR trafficking, which dramatically impacts the capacity for TfR to mediate BBB transcytosis.
Disease-Specific Expression of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Isoforms (2003)

The association between elevated serum type 5 TRACP activity and metabolic bone diseases has been recognized for many years. However, serum type 5 TRACP exists as two related isoforms: 5a and 5b. Only isoform 5b is osteoclast-derived; the origin and significance of isoform 5a has hardly been explored. We have used simultaneous immunoassays for type-5 TRACP activity and total type-5 TRACP protein in conjunction with non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and column chromatography to investigate the nature and significance of TRACP isoforms 5a and 5b in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our studies have shown that TRACP activity and protein are elevated in approximately 50% of sera from ESRD patients, which is caused by osteoclastic isoform 5b. We have also shown that total TRACP protein, but not TRACP activity, is elevated in approximately 30% of sera from RA patients, which is caused by non-osteoclastic isoform 5a. When macrophages or dendritic cells (DC) were cultured in vitro, abundant TRACP 5a was secreted into the culture medium, whereas TRACP 5b was retained intracellularly by both cell types. This implicates macrophages and DC as potential sources of elevated TRACP 5a in RA. Because TRACP isoform expression may be disease-specific, it is important to be able to distinguish TRACP 5a from 5b. There are four criteria by which to do so: (1) TRACP 5a bears sialic acid residues while TRACP 5b does not; (2) the pH optimum for TRACP 5a is 5.2 while that for TRACP 5b is 5.8; (3) the specific activity of TRACP 5a is significantly lower than that of TRACP 5b; and (4) TRACP 5a is as an uncleaved polypeptide, whereas TRACP 5b is a proteolytically nicked disulfide-linked "heterodimer." The differences in biochemical properties and disease-specific expression of TRACP isoforms 5a and 5b suggest that they are regulated differently and perform separate functions in a tissue-specific manner.
Conformational Changes Detected in a Sensory Rhodopsin II-Transducer Complex (2003)

Sensory rhodopsins (SRs) are light receptors that belong to the growing family of microbial rhodopsins. SRs have now been found in all three major domains of life including archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. One of the most extensively studied sensory rhodopsins is SRII, which controls a blue light avoidance motility response in the halophilic archaeon Natronobacterium pharaonis. This seven-helix integral membrane protein forms a tight intermolecular complex with its cognate transducer protein, HtrII. In this work, the structural changes occurring in a fusion complex consisting of SRII and the two transmembrane helices (TM1 and TM2) of HtrII were investigated by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. Although most of the structural changes observed in SRII are conserved in the fusion complex, several distinct changes are found. A reduction in the intensity of a prominent amide I band observed for SRII indicates that its structural changes are altered in the fusion complex, possibly because of the close interaction of TM2 with the F helix, which interferes with the F helix outward tilt. Deprotonation of at least one Asp/Glu residue is detected in the transducer-free receptor with a pKa near 7 that is abolished or altered in the fusion complex. Changes are also detected in spectral regions characteristic of Asn and Tyr vibrations. At high hydration levels, transducer-fusion interactions lead to a stabilization of an M-like intermediate that most likely corresponds to an active signaling form of the transducer. These findings are discussed in the context of a recently elucidated x-ray structure of the fusion complex.
Synthesis of insect antijuvenile hormones. (1977)

An efficient synthesis of 2, 2-dimethylchromenes was developed to pursue chemical structure-biological activity studies of insect antijuvenile hormones. The combination of Michael condensation and cyclodehydration with polyphosphoric acid gave nearly quantitative yields of alkoxy 2, 2-dimethylchromanones which were reduced and dehydrated in one flask, to yield the respective 2, 2-dimethylchromenes. By these methods several AJH analogs were prepared which possessed greater biological activity than the natural precocenes.
BindingDB Entry 50042069: Methotrexate is excreted into the bile by canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter in rats. (2013)

Methotrexate [(+) amethopterin, L-MTX] has two carboxyl groups in its structure and is eliminated mainly by excretion into urine and bile. To investigate the biliary excretion mechanism of L-MTX, we performed in vivo and in vitro studies using mutant rats, Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBRs), whose canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) is defective as a consequence of heredity. After i.v. administration of L-MTX to EHBRs, its plasma disappearance and biliary excretion was slower than in normal Sprague Dawley rat (SDR). ATP-dependence and overshoot phenomena were observed in the uptake of [3H]L-MTX by canalicular membrane vesicles (CMV) prepared from SDR, whereas no ATP-dependence was observed in CMV from EHBRs. The ATP-dependent uptake of L-MTX by SDR CMV exhibited saturable kinetics with a Km of 295 microM. L-MTX competitively inhibited the ATP-dependent uptake of [3H]2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, a typical substrate for cMOAT, and the inhibition constant (Ki) of L-MTX was comparable with its own Km. These results suggest that L-MTX is excreted into bile by cMOAT. The inhibitory effects of L-MTX and its optical isomer, (-) amethopterin (D-MTX), on the uptake of [3H]L-MTX differed with Kis of 326 and 93 microM, respectively, indicating that the biologically inactive D form has a higher affinity for cMOAT than L-MTX.
A dimerized urea-based inhibitor of the prostate-specific membrane antigen for 68Ga-PET imaging of prostate cancer (2012)

The dimeric [68Ga]7 is a promising imaging agent for PSMA-expressing tumors as it shows higher tumor uptake while observing more favorable background clearance. As compared to the respective monomer, the higher affinity and prolonged tumor retention additionally represent promising features and warrant further evaluation regarding 68Ga-PET imaging of PSMA expression.
5â€² tRNA Halves: The Next Generation of Immune Signaling Molecules (2015)

tRNA halves in immunity tRNA halves will provide opportunities for discovering health and disease biomarkers and designing new therapeutic strategies.
Gene expression analysis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) highlights disease heterogeneity and potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators (2017)

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) are rare, but potentially devastating malignancies, whose pathogenesis remains poorly elucidated. Unfortunately, currently it is not possible to predict based on the available criteria in which patients the cancer will progress and which patients will experience an indolent disease course. Furthermore, at early stages this malignancy often masquerades as psoriasis, chronic eczema or other benign inflammatory dermatoses. As a result, it takes on average 6 y to diagnose this lymphoma since its initial presentation. In this study, we performed transcription expression profiling using TruSeq targeted RNA gene expression on 181 fresh and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin samples from CTCL patients and patients affected by benign inflammatory dermatoses that often mimic CTCL clinically and on histology (e.g., psoriasis, chronic eczema, etc.) We also analyzed multiple longitudinal biopsies that were obtained from the same patients over time. Our results underscore significant molecular heterogeneity with respect to gene expression between different patients and even within the same patients over time. Our study also confirmed <i>TOX, FYB, LEF1, CCR4, ITK, EED, POU2AF, IL26, STAT5, BLK, GTSF1</i> and <i>PSORS1C2</i> genes as being differentially expressed between CTCL and benign skin biopsies. In addition, we found that differential expression for a subset of these markers (e.g., <i>TOX, FYB, GTSF1</i> and <i>CCR4</i>) may be useful in prognosticating this disease. This research, combined with other molecular analyses, prepares the foundation for the development of personalized molecular approach toward diagnosis and management of CTCL.
Mathematical/computational challenges in creating deformable and probabilistic atlases of the human brain (2000)

Striking variations in brain structure, especially in the gyral patterns of the human cortex, present fundamental challenges in human brain mapping. Probabilistic brain atlases, which encode information on structural and functional variability in large human populations, are powerful research tools with broad applications. Knowledge-based imaging algorithms can also leverage atlased information on anatomic variation. Applications include automated image labeling, pathology detection in individuals or groups, and investigating how regional anatomy is altered in disease, and with age, gender, handedness and other clinical or genetic factors. In this report, we illustrate some of the mathematical challenges involved in constructing population-based brain atlases. A disease-specific atlas is constructed to represent the human brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specialized strategies are developed for population-based averaging of anatomy. Sets of high-dimensional elastic mappings, based on the principles of continuum mechanics, reconfigure the anatomy of a large number of subjects in an anatomic image database. These mappings generate a local encoding of anatomic variability and are used to create a crisp anatomical image template with highly resolved structures in their mean spatial location. Specialized approaches are also developed to average cortical topography. Since cortical patterns are altered in a variety of diseases, gyral pattern matching is used to encode the magnitude and principal directions of local cortical variation. In the resulting cortical templates, subtle features emerge. Regional asymmetries appear that are not apparent in individual anatomies. Population-based maps of cortical variation reveal a mosaic of variability patterns that segregate sharply according to functional specialization and cytoarchitectonic boundaries.
The Natural History of Alzheimer's Disease: A Brain Bank Study (1995)

These data suggest that the typical AD patient is diagnosed 32 months after symptom onset, at the age of 75 years. This patient is institutionalized 25 months after diagnosis, or approximately 57 months after symptom onset at age 78. The patient remains institutionalized for 44 months or, in actuality, until death. Total disease duration for this typical AD patient is just over 101 months, or approximately 8.5 years.
Immunotherapy by a slow delivery system of interleukin-2 in mice models. (1993)

A sustained release system for interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-2 mini-pellet (IL-2 mp), was developed by fusing IL-2 into a needle shaped collagen. Serum concentration of IL-2 after a single subcutaneous injection of the IL-2 mp into C57BL/6 mice remained elevated longer than after an injection of aqueous IL-2. IL-2 in the serum became undetectable by 6h after a subcutaneous injection of 1 x 10(6) unit of IL-2 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In contrast, after a single subcutaneous injection of IL-2 mp containing the same amount of IL-2, the concentration of IL-2 increased to its maximum at 6h after injection, then began to decrease gradually. IL-2 was detected even on the third day after a single subcutaneous injection of one IL-2 mp. Augmentation of NK activity and generation of IL-2 activated killer cells were observed in the spleen from day 1--day 3 after a single subcutaneous injection of IL-2 mp into C57BL/6 mice. This activation was not observed following a single subcutaneous injection of the same amount of IL-2 in PBS. Adoptive immunotherapy by a single subcutaneous injection of IL-2 mp followed by intravenous injections of in vitro cultured IL-2 activated killer cells showed better results in decreasing the number of metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice than immunotherapy using IL-2 solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The severity of clinical symptoms in ragweed‐allergic patients is related to the extent of ragweed‐induced complement activation in their sera (1997)

We have previously reported a correlation between the extent of ragweed allergen (RWA)‐induced in vitro serum complement activation and the symptom scores registered daily during the ragweed (RW)‐blooming season in RW‐allergic patients. The present study was performed in 22 15–17‐year‐old RW‐allergic adolescents. Serum samples were incubated with 100μ/ml RWA, and the generation of different complement activation products was measured by ELISA or RIA. Symptom scores were registered for 4 weeks during the RW‐blooming season. The patients were divided according to the extent (low or high) of the generation of complement activation products, and symptom scores registered in the two groups were compared by two‐way ANOVA. Significantly higher symptom scores were obtained in the high than in the low complement activation group ( P values: 0.049 for C1rC1sC1inh, 0.022 for CSbBbP, 0.015 for C5b‐9, 0.0001 for C3a, and 0.0008 for C5a). Similar results were obtained at the measurement performed in the sera obtained from the same patients half a year before the season ( P values: 0.022 for C3bBbP, and 0.005 for C5b‐9). These findings indicate that complement activation induced by the allergen may enhance the clinical symptoms of RW allergy.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2002)

A 43-year-old man presents with heavy snoring; his bed partner reports that he sometimes stops breathing while he sleeps. He has hypertension controlled by medication but is otherwise healthy. He admits to feeling sleepy at times when he drives, although he has not had any motor vehicle accidents. His body-mass index is 33, and he has a large neck circumference (46 cm). How should he be evaluated and treated?
Murine hematopoietic stem cell characterization and its regulation in BM transplantation (2000)

Using 5-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated a subset of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) with the phenotype Lin− Sca+ kit+CD38+ CD34− that appears to fulfill the criteria for most primitive PHSC. In the presence of whole bone marrow (BM) competitor cells, these cells produced reconstitution in lethally irradiated primary, secondary, and tertiary murine transplant recipients over the long term. However, these cells alone could not produce reconstitution in lethally irradiated recipients. Rapid proliferation of these cells after BM transplantation required the assistance of another BM cell subset, which has the phenotype Lin− Sca+ kit+ CD38−CD34+.
Suppressing texture-depth misalignment for boundary noise removal in view synthesis (2010)

During view synthesis based on depth maps, also known as Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR), annoying artifacts are often generated around foreground objects, yielding the visual effects that slim silhouettes of foreground objects are scattered into the background. The artifacts are referred as the boundary noises. We investigate the cause of boundary noises, and find out that they result from the misalignment between texture and depth information along object boundaries. Accordingly, we propose a novel solution to remove such boundary noises by applying restrictions during forward warping on the pixels within the texture-depth misalignment regions. Experiments show this algorithm can effectively eliminate most boundary noises and it is also robust for view synthesis with compressed depth and texture information.