gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Modulating Autophagy as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy (2014)

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders characterized by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most severe form of these diseases, the mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to muscle weakness and wasting, exhaustion of muscular regenerative capacity, and chronic local inflammation leading to substitution of myofibers by connective and adipose tissue. DMD patients suffer from continuous and progressive skeletal muscle damage followed by complete paralysis and death, usually by respiratory and/or cardiac failure. No cure is yet available, but several therapeutic approaches aiming at reversing the ongoing degeneration have been investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. Autophagy is an important proteolytic system of the cell and has a crucial role in the removal of proteins, aggregates, and organelles. Autophagy is constantly active in skeletal muscle and its role in tissue homeostasis is complex: at high levels, it can be detrimental and contribute to muscle wasting; at low levels, it can cause weakness and muscle degeneration, due to the unchecked accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles. The causal relationship between DMD pathogenesis and dysfunctional autophagy has been recently investigated. At molecular level, the Akt axis is one of the key dysregulated pathways, although the molecular events are not completely understood. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss the clinical relevance of the recent advances dissecting autophagy and its signaling pathway in DMD. The picture might pave the way for the development of interventions that are able to boost muscle growth and/or prevent muscle wasting.
Urokinase in the management of vitreous hemorrhage. (1977)

Urokinase is a plasminogen activator of human origin which breaks up the fibrin base of blood clots. When given as an intravitreal injection it produces hypopyon and glaucoma, both of which transient. In a series of 27 patients (34 eyes) with unresolved vitreous haemorrhage, this simple and relatively atraumatic treatment has produced marked objective improvement in 10, and greatly improved the life styles of a further 9. This series brings the total of reported cases to 93. When compared with recent American reports of surgical vitrectomy for vitreous haemorrhage, intravitreal urokinase appears to have a higher success rate, with a lower complication rate both in the short and long term. This study suggests that, despite the high cost of the purified enzyme, urokinase should be come the first line of attack in vitreous haemorrhage, vitrectomy being reserved for those patients who fail to respond.
A 32nm SoC platform technology with 2<sup>nd</sup> generation high-k/metal gate transistors optimized for ultra low power, high performance, and high density product applications (2009)

A leading edge 32nm high-k/metal gate transistor technology has been optimized for SoC platform applications that span a wide range of power, performance, and feature space. This technology has been developed to be modular, offering mix-and-match transistors, interconnects, RF/analog passive elements, embedded memory, and noise mitigation options. The low gate leakage of the high-k gate dielectric enables the triple transistor architecture to support ultra low power, high performance, and high voltage tolerant I/O devices concurrently. Embedded memories include high density (0.148 um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and low voltage (0.171 um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) SRAMs as well as secure OTP fuses. Analog/RF SoC features include high precision, high quality passives (resistors, capacitors and inductors) and deep-nwell noise isolation.
Nucleolar accumulation of poly (A)+ RNA in heat-shocked yeast cells: implication of nucleolar involvement in mRNA transport. (1995)

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm plays an important role in gene expression in eukaryotic cells. In wild-type Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells poly(A)+ RNA is uniformly distributed throughout the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. However, we found that a severe heat shock blocks mRNA transport in S. pombe, resulting in the accumulation of bulk poly(A)+ RNA, as well as a specific intron-less transcript, in the nucleoli. Pretreatment of cells with a mild heat shock, which induces heat shock proteins, before a severe heat shock protects the mRNA transport machinery and allows mRNA transport to proceed unimpeded. In heat-shocked S. pombe cells, the nucleolar region condensed into a few compact structures. Interestingly, poly(A)+ RNA accumulated predominantly in the condensed nucleolar regions of the heat-shocked cells. These data suggest that the yeast nucleolus may play a role in mRNA transport in addition to its roles in rRNA synthesis and preribosome assembly.
Heterobivalent Agents Targeting PSMA and Integrin-αvβ3 (2014)

Differential expression of surface proteins on normal vs malignant cells provides the rationale for the development of receptor-, antigen-, and transporter-based, cancer-selective imaging and therapeutic agents. However, tumors are heterogeneous, and do not always express what can be considered reliable, tumor-selective markers. That suggests development of more flexible targeting platforms that incorporate multiple moieties enabling concurrent targeting to a variety of putative markers. We report the synthesis, biochemical, in vitro, and preliminary in vivo evaluation of a new heterobivalent (HtBv) imaging agent targeting both the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and integrin-αvβ3 surface markers, each of which can be overexpressed in certain tumor epithelium and/or neovasculature. The HtBv agent was functionalized with either 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or the commercially available IRDye800CW. DOTA-conjugated HtBv probe 9 bound to PSMA or αvβ3 with affinities similar to those of monovalent (Mnv) compounds designed to bind to their targets independently. In situ energy minimization experiments support a model describing the conformations adapted by 9 that enable it to bind both targets. IRDye800-conjugated HtBv probe 10 demonstrated target-specific binding to either PSMA or integrin-αvβ3 overexpressing xenografts. HtBv agents 9 and 10 may enable dual-targeted imaging of malignant cells and tissues in an effort to address heterogeneity that confounds many cancer-targeted imaging agents.
Improved synthetic aperture focusing technique with applications in high-frequency ultrasound imaging (2004)

Synthetic aperture focusing using a virtual source was used previously to increase the penetration and to extend the depth of focus in high-frequency ultrasonic imaging. However, the performance of synthetic aperture focusing is limited by its high sidelobes. In this paper, an adaptive weighting technique based on a focusing-quality index is introduced to suppress the sidelobes. The focusing-quality index is derived from the spatial spectrum of the scan-line data along the mechanical scan direction (i.e., the synthetic aperture direction) after focusing delays relative to the virtual source have been applied. The proposed technique is of particular value in high-frequency ultrasound in which dynamic focusing using array transducers is not yet possible. Experimental ultrasound data from a 50-MHz imaging system with a single-crystal transducer (f-number = 2) are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique on both wire targets and speckle-generating objects. An in vivo experiment also is performed on a mouse to further demonstrate the effectiveness. Both 50-MHz fundamental imaging and 50-MHz tissue harmonic imaging are tested. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness in sidelobe reduction and background-noise suppression for both imaging modes. The principles, experimental results, and implementation issues of the new technique are described in this paper.
Framework for Multivariate Selectivity Analysis, Part I: Theoretical and Practical Merits (2005)

A number of definitions of multivariate selectivity have been proposed in the literature. Arguably, the one that enjoys the greatest chemometric attention has been the net analyte signal (NAS) based definitions of Lorber and Zinn. Recent works have suggested that similar inference can be made for inverse least-squares calibration methods (e.g., principal components regression). However, the properties of inverse calibration methods are markedly different than classical methods, so in many practical cases involving inverse models classically derived figures of merit cannot be transparently interpreted. In Part I of this work, we discuss a selectivity framework that is theoretically consistent regardless of the calibration method. Importantly, it is also experimentally measurable, either through controlled selectivity experiments, or through analysis on opportunistically acquired sample measurements. It is statistically advantageous to use the former if such control is achievable. Selectivity is defined to be a function of the change in predicted analyte concentration that will result from a change in the concentration of an interferant, an approach consistent with traditional definitions of analytical selectivity and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards recommendations for interference testing. Unlike the NAS-based definition of selectivity, the definition discussed herein is relevant to only a particular analyte-interferant pair. The theoretical and experimental aspects of this approach are illustrated with simulated data herein and in Part II of this paper, which investigates several experimental near-infrared data sets.
Cytotoxic responses to 405nm light exposure in mammalian and bacterial cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species (2016)

Light at wavelength 405 nm is an effective bactericide. Previous studies showed that exposing mammalian cells to 405 nm light at 36 J/cm(2) (a bactericidal dose) had no significant effect on normal cell function, although at higher doses (54 J/cm(2)), mammalian cell death became evident. This research demonstrates that mammalian and bacterial cell toxicity induced by 405 nm light exposure is accompanied by reactive oxygen species production, as detected by generation of fluorescence from 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. As indicators of the resulting oxidative stress in mammalian cells, a decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione content and a corresponding increase in the efflux of oxidised glutathione were observed from 405 nm light treated cells. The mammalian cells were significantly protected from dying at 54 J/cm(2) in the presence of catalase, which detoxifies H2O2. Bacterial cells were significantly protected by sodium pyruvate (H2O2 scavenger) and by a combination of free radical scavengers (sodium pyruvate, dimethyl thiourea (OH scavenger) and catalase) at 162 and 324 J/cm(2). Results therefore suggested that the cytotoxic mechanism of 405 nm light in mammalian cells and bacteria could be oxidative stress involving predominantly H2O2 generation, with other ROS contributing to the damage.
Highly penetrative, drug-loaded nanocarriers improve treatment of glioblastoma (2013)

Current therapy for glioblastoma multiforme is insufficient, with nearly universal recurrence. Available drug therapies are unsuccessful because they fail to penetrate through the region of the brain containing tumor cells and they fail to kill the cells most responsible for tumor development and therapy resistance, brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs). To address these challenges, we combined two major advances in technology: (i) brain-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles that can be loaded with drugs and are optimized for intracranial convection-enhanced delivery and (ii) repurposed compounds, previously used in Food and Drug Administration-approved products, which were identified through library screening to target BCSCs. Using fluorescence imaging and positron emission tomography, we demonstrate that brain-penetrating nanoparticles can be delivered to large intracranial volumes in both rats and pigs. We identified several agents (from Food and Drug Administration-approved products) that potently inhibit proliferation and self-renewal of BCSCs. When loaded into brain-penetrating nanoparticles and administered by convection-enhanced delivery, one of these agents, dithiazanine iodide, significantly increased survival in rats bearing BCSC-derived xenografts. This unique approach to controlled delivery in the brain should have a significant impact on treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and suggests previously undescribed routes for drug and gene delivery to treat other diseases of the central nervous system.
Ex Vivo Liver Perfusion with Arterial Blood from A Pig with Ischemic Liver Failure (1999)

To simplify liver support using an ex vivo perfused liver, an isolated pig liver was perfused with arterial blood from the recipient pig while monitoring the metabolic capacity of the ex vivo perfused liver. It was possible to perfuse the isolated liver for more than 24 h using arterial blood from a pig with ischemic liver failure. The viability of the isolated liver during support from the liver failure pig was well maintained as evidenced by the high adenylate energy charge (0.815) and a constant ketone body ratio (KBR) of over 1.0 sampled from the hepatic vein. Oxygen consumption (mean, 29.0 microl/min/g of liver) and bile production (mean, 24.2 microl/h/g of liver) were significantly higher in the isolated liver connected to the liver failure pig than in the organ connected to the pig without liver failure (15.5 microl/min/g and 7.3 microl/h/g, respectively). These findings suggest that this liver support system has sufficient metabolic capacity to support a failed liver. Further studies may provide the experimental basis necessary for the clinical application of this device in treatment of patients with acute liver failure.
Tantalum loaded silicone microspheres as particulate emboli (1991)

Chloroform solutions of medical grade silicone resin were cured in an aqueous dispersion medium containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the drop stabilizer at 40-60 degrees C to generate smooth, spherical, elastic microspheres. The microspheres were encapsulated with tantalum powder to render them radiopaque. Tantalum loaded microspheres having diameter more than 1.00 mm could be prepared by this technique. Incorporation of radiopaques such as barium sulphate and methyl iothalamate resulted in the instability of the suspension giving rise to an agglomerated product. Microspheres were grafted with hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) using ionizing radiation from a 60Co source in an effort to make their surfaces hydrophilic. While the graft yield was very little when HEMA alone was used for grafting, a combination of HEMA/NVP in a 1:1 ratio produced better graft yields resulting in improved surface hydrophilicity. The tantalum loaded microspheres were found to be very resistant to surface modification. Microspheres could be dispersed in water with the aid of small quantities of surfactants such as Tween 20. These microspheres may find use in particulate embolization.
Fluxionality in hexacoordinated copper(II) complexes with 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy) and related ligands: structural and spectroscopic investigations (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluxionality in hexacoordinated copper(II) complexes with 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy) and related ligands: structural and spectroscopic investigationsJose Vicente Folgado, Wolfgang Henke, Rudolf Allmann, Horst Stratemeier, Daniel Beltran-Porter, Teofilo Rojo, and Dirk ReinenCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 11, 2035–2042Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00336a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00336a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Transplanted Human Kidney Does Not Achieve Functional Reinnervation (1994)

1. Previous histological studies have demonstrated partial reinnervation of the human transplanted kidney. However, it remains unknown whether this reinnervation is of any functional significance. 2. The effects of noradrenaline infusion (2 micrograms h-1kg-1) and lower body negative pressure (-27 mmHg) on renal haemodynamics, sodium excretion and tubular function were investigated in 25 renal transplant recipients and 10 normal subjects. Sixteen of the transplant recipients had all been transplanted for more than 27 months, and nine had all been transplanted for less than 2 months. 3. After an overnight fast, the subjects were water-loaded, and clearance studies were performed with a 1 h baseline period, a 1 h period with noradrenaline infusion, another 1 h baseline period, and a final 1 h period with lower body negative pressure. 4. During noradrenaline infusion the relative decrease in effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and clearance of lithium and sodium was significantly more pronounced in the long-term transplanted patients than in the control subjects. 5. Lower body negative pressure only depressed the glomerular filtration rate significantly in the control subjects. Further, the relative decrease in effective renal plasma flow and clearance of lithium and sodium was significantly greater in the control subjects than in the two groups of transplanted patients. 6. The present study thus demonstrated that in short- and long-term transplanted kidneys in man, supersensitivity to circulating noradrenaline and an inadequate response to lower body negative pressure was present. This strongly suggests that the human transplanted kidney remains functionally denervated.
Conversion of double layer charge-stabilized Ag@citrate colloids to thiol passivated luminescent quantum clusters (2011)

A red luminescent silver cluster was synthesized in milligram quantities by the direct core reduction of the most widely studied class of large silver nanoparticles, namely silver@citrate of tens of nanometres diameter. No byproducts such as thiolates were detected, unlike in the case of typical methods of making such clusters. The route provides nearly pure clusters. The possibility to make diverse clusters from large nanoparticles expands the scope of cluster research.
Aerial display of vibrotactile sensation with high spatial-temporal resolution using large-aperture airborne ultrasound phased array (2013)

We fabricated a tactile display which can generate vibrotactile sensation on human skin on which no equipment is mounted. It utilizes focused airborne ultrasound radiation pressure for stimulation. The workspace of our new tactile display is widened to a cube of 1 m × 1 m × 1 m, which allows users free motions in it. In order to widen the workspace, our new prototype integrates multiple ultrasound transducer units and achieves a large aperture airborne ultrasound phased array. As the workspace is widened, it has become possible to stimulate arbitrary regions all over a human body. The amplitude of imposed radiation pressure can be time-variant. The profiles of generated vibrotactile stimuli can be designed with a temporal resolution of 0.5 ms and 320-level quantization of radiation pressure amplitude. It is easy to choose a recorded waveform and reproduce it as vibrotactile stimuli at an arbitrary spatial point. This paper introduces how our new tactile display works and reports its performance evaluation.
Growth Mechanism of Nonpolar and Semipolar GaN Layers from Sapphire Sidewalls on Various Maskless Patterned Sapphire Substrates (2011)

Nonpolar and semipolar GaN layers can be selectively grown from sapphire sidewalls of maskless patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) by selective-area growth using a low-temperature (LT) GaN buffer layer. Various PSSs, such as a-PSS for m-GaN, r-PSS for (1122) GaN, c-PSS for m-GaN, and m-PSS for a-GaN, were prepared to investigate the growth mechanisms. It was revealed that the growth windows of various PSSs to achieve nonpolar or semipolar GaN grown from only the sapphire sidewall by changing the growth conditions are different. To determine the cause of selective-area growth in each PSS, GaN nucleation after annealing of the LT-GaN buffer layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Consequently, GaN was predominantly grown on a region with higher quality and better crystallo-ordered c-oriented GaN nucleation. When such nucleation of GaN occurs on the sapphire sidewall, it proceeds to grow selectively from the sapphire sidewall, and nonpolar or semipolar GaN can be obtained using maskless PSS.
Physicochemical Characterization of PEG1500-12-acyloxy-stearate Micelles and Liquid Crystalline Phases (2005)

PEG 12-acyloxy-stearates are used as drug delivery carriers that have low cell damage effects. The mechanical and physical properties surrounding these processes and surfactants are still however not known. In this study, the physicochemical micellar properties of PEG 12-acyloxy-stearates were characterized by optical microscopic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. We determined the phase diagrams of the surfactants as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature, the micellar size and shape, and micellar dynamics. We found that each surfactant has a micellar, cubic Im3m, and hexagonal phase. The aggregation number in the discrete cubic phase, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, was approximately 150 for each surfactant, and showed no measurable chain-length dependence. The diffusion coefficients of the surfactant showed a discontinuity between the micellar and cubic phases, where the cubic phases gave very low values on the order of 10(-)(16) m(2) s(-)(1): this value indicates a non-bicontinuous cubic structure. In summary, these surfactants behave to a large extent as nonionic poly(ethylene glycol) surfactants with extended PEG headgroups.