gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of sub-100 nm mesoscale inverse opal films and their application in dye-sensitized solar cell electrodes (2014)

Inverse opal (IO) films with mesoporous structures hold promise as high-performance electrodes for various photoelectrochemical devices because of their high specific area as well as their fully connected pore structure. A great challenge to their use is obtaining an intact film of mesoscale colloidal crystals as a template. Here, using the plate-sliding coating method coupled with hot air flow, we successfully deposited mesoscale colloidal crystals onto the substrate. A TiO2 mesoscale IO (meso-IO) with 70 nm pores was then successfully fabricated via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and subsequent removal of the template. As a photoelectrochemical electrode, the meso-IO structure exhibits enhanced charge transport properties as well as a high specific area. Moreover, dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using the meso-IO electrode exhibit a higher photocurrent and cell efficiency than a cell constructed using a conventional TiO2 nanoparticle electrode. This meso-IO film provides a new platform for developing electrodes for use in various energy storage and conversion devices.
Evaluation of Enteric Coated Tablet Sensitive to Pancreatic Lipase. I, In Vitro Disintegration Test. (1992)

We designed a new enteric coated preparation which is pH independent and functions by pancreatic lipase activity in the duodenum. Triolein (TO) and trilaurin (TL) were selected as lipase sensitive components and ethylcellulose (EC) was used as the support film for TO and TL.Tablets (330 mg, d=10 mm) containing a model drug, sulfamethizole (SMZ), were coated with 1% each of TO, TL and EC solution by the fluidized bed coating technique. Disintegration tests were carried out in the media including JPXI 1st fluid (pH 1.2, JP-1), 2nd fluid (pH 6.8, JP-2) and JP-2 with gall powder and pancreatic lipase (JP-2-GL). The lag time of disintegration of the tablet (TOTL-Tab) coated 5-7 mg/tab with TO, TL and EC was about 10 min and all of the tablets disintegrated completely within 30 min in JP-2-GL. However, in the other media, which did not contain lipase, TOTL-Tab did not disintegrate for at least 2 h. It was confirmed that TO and TL in the coating film were digested by lipase. In addition, the tensil strength of the film decreased quickly after incubation in JP-2-GL.These results suggest that the application of TO, TL and EC to tablet coating is useful for an enteric release preparation sensitive to pancreatic lipase, even if patients have low gastric acidity or are taking antacids.
Mechanism of inhibition and induction of cytolytic activity in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by CD3 monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for inhibition as well as induction of cytolytic activity in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by cluster-defined 3 (T3) (CD3) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). A series of isotype heavy chain switch variants (murine IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA, and IgE) of a single CD3 mAb was used in the analysis of effects of CD3 mAb on the cytolytic activity of an allospecific CTL clone. The results obtained indicate that the inhibition of cytolytic activity of CTL by CD3 mAb is not caused by interference with events that occur after conjugate formation, such as programming for lysis and the delivery of the lethal hit, but by inhibition of specific recognition of the target cell by the CTL. We also present evidence that induction of nonspecific CTL activity by CD3 mAb is only achieved by direct binding of the Fc receptor to the CD3 mAb. This observation allowed us to use the CD3 mAb-induced nonspecific cytolytic activity of CTL as a sensitive assay for detection of Fc receptors for various heavy chain isotypes. So far, evidence was found for human Fc receptors reactive with murine IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not for murine IgA or IgE. The combined results indicate a similar role for Fc receptors in induction of cytolytic activity of CTL by CD3 mAb as well as in CD3 mAb-induced proliferative responses of T cells.
Fabricating 0.10-μm line patterns using attenuated phase-shift masks (2001)

We studied the optical proximity effect, the depth of focus (DOF) and the mask-error-enhancement factor of ArF attenuated phase shift masks (att. PSMs) for application to 0.1-?m logic gate patterns. We made an ArF att. PSM with 6% transmittance and exposed it with an ArF scanner, NA = 0.60, using a 0.4- ?m-thick chemically amplified positive resist. We evaluated the performance under these conditions. We obtained the best result with annular illumination. The critical dimension variation range for the target was 23 nm from semi-dense to isolated line patterns. That was large but we could suppress it with bias optical proximity correction. The common DOF for both semi-dense and isolated line patterns was 0.4 pm, which is large enough to print 0.1-?m logic gate patterns. We confirmed good performance for fabricating 0.1-pm-logic gates with the ArF att. PSM and annular illumination.
Characterization of MSC Potential To Treat GVHD Using Molecular Markers Linked to MSC-Mediated Immunosuppression In Vitro. (2005)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rare progenitor cells present in adult bone marrow that have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of tissue types, including bone, cartilage and fat. The biological activities of MSCs suggest a number of potential clinical applications, where each particular application is related to a specific MSC activity mediated by a different mechanism. Osiris Therapeutics has developed a technology for isolation and expansion of hMSCs from adult bone marrow for clinical use. Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that the ability of MSCs to migrate to inflammatory sites, modulate immune response, down-regulate inflammation, and accelerate tissue repair in the local environment may have therapeutic effects. Therefore in developing therapeutic applications, the MSCs should be verified to display one or more of above-mentioned functions, calling for the need to develop predictive functional assays. Modulation of the immune response is an apparent in vivo therapeutic property of the MSC necessary for successful Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) treatment. Based on previous knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunosuppressive effects, several markers for developing an MSC potency assay have been proposed. In the present study a relationship between selected markers and hMSC-mediated immunosuppression was investigated in vitro. Results show that co-culture of hMSCs with anti-CD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) caused inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. The hMSC effect on lymphocyte proliferation is dose-dependent, causing &amp;gt; 50% inhibition at approximately 1:10–1:25 MSC: T-lymphocyte ratio. Supernatants of parallel co-cultures taken on days 1, 3, and 5 were analyzed for prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and tryptophan. The results showed increased levels of PGE2, decreased levels of TNF-α and increased depletion of tryptophan related to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme activity, associated with increasing number of MSCs in each well. The quantity of PGE2 on day 1 and the level of tryptophan on day 5 in the MSC-PBMC co-culture supernatants correlated to the level of inhibition of proliferation, with the PGE2 range from approximately 11,000 to 22,000 pg/mL and 50% tryptophan depletion resulting in a 50% inhibition of the lymphocyte proliferation point. Further studies demonstrated that the addition of TNF-α to MSCs induced PGE2 secretion at a level which was similar to that detected in the co-culture studies of MSCs-PBMC. Thus, a strong correlation between inducible PGE2 secretion/IDO enzyme activity and the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by hMSCs in vitro indicates key molecules responsible for hMSC functional activity related to the immunological responses involved with diseases such as GVHD, solid organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
Stroke in Icelandic patients with hereditary amyloid angiopathy is related to a mutation in the cystatin C gene, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. (1989)

Cystatin C is an inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases and consists of 120 amino acids. A variant of cystatin C lacking the first NH2-terminal residues and having one amino acid substitution at position 68 forms amyloid deposits mainly in the walls of brain arteries, causing fatal strokes in Icelandic patients with familial cerebral hemorrhage secondary to a form of an autosomal dominant amyloidosis. To understand the molecular basis of the genetic defect, the gene encoding cystatin C was isolated from genomic DNA libraries made from normal tissue and the brain of an Icelandic patient with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA-I). The data indicate that the cystatin C gene encodes a polypeptide of 146 amino acids, of which the first 26 correspond to a secretory peptide signal sequence. The gene contains two intervening sequences that interrupt the coding region at amino acids 55 and 93. Comparison with genes encoding salivary cystatins and kininogen proteins show sequence homology and conservation of exon-intron structure. Except for a mutation in the second exon (CAG instead of CTG in the normal gene, resulting in the substitution of glutamine for a leucine residue), the gene cloned from the brain of the Icelandic patient is identical to the normal cystatin C gene. Thus, HCHWA-I is the first familial type of amyloidosis related to a point mutation in a gene encoding for an inhibitor. The mutation in the structural gene encoding cystatin C appears to be the primary defect in this inherited disorder causing amyloid fibril formation and accumulation followed by cerebral hemorrhage.
An alternative to conventional insect marking procedures: detection of a protein mark on pink bollworm by ELISA* (2002)

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of marking pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein for mark‐release‐recapture studies. Pink bollworm were internally marked by feeding larvae an enriched rabbit IgG diet or externally marked by submerging pupae and spraying adults. Individuals were then assayed for the presence of rabbit IgG by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti‐rabbit IgG. The internal marker was retained in larvae and retained in prepupae and pupae, but not in adults. A second experiment showed that rabbit IgG was retained on adults that were externally marked as pupae. A third series of tests examined the feasibility of externally marking adults with rabbit IgG. Rabbit IgG was retained on externally marked adults for six days in the field. Protein was retained on marked moths in the laboratory after they were captured on and removed from sticky traps. Finally, laboratory tests showed that large groups of externally marked moths transferred rabbit IgG to unmarked moths, but individual males do not readily transfer the protein to unmarked females in small vials.
MR Angiography with Gradient Motion Refocusing (1988)

In typical spin echo (SE) sequences vascular structures can range from low to high in signal intensity, depending on both velocity distribution and imaging parameters. Control of this contrast spectrum is needed to permit consistent blood vessel evaluation. In this paper, methods for high resolution vascular magnetic resonance imaging which are based on additional gradient pulses to enhance flow and minimize flow artifacts are examined. The gradient motion refocusing technique is applied to both SE and gradient echo sequences. Vascular structures are clearly delineated over long distances by using thick slices or three-dimensional acquisition techniques. Preliminary experience in volunteers and patients indicates that these methods improve visualization of blood vessels, correctly identifying vascular disease.
Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) protein does not affect growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro or prostate cancer xenografts in vivo (2003)

Although recent reports suggest the PSA protein itself may be antiangiogenic, our results demonstrate that production of PSA protein by prostate cancer cells does not significantly alter growth in vitro or in vivo.
Information visualization using 3D interactive animation (1993)

article Free Access Share on Information visualization using 3D interactive animation Authors: George G. Robertson View Profile , Stuart K. Card View Profile , Jack D. Mackinlay View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 36Issue 4April 1993 pp 57–71https://doi.org/10.1145/255950.153577Online:01 April 1993Publication History 392citation9,075DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations392Total Downloads9,075Last 12 Months224Last 6 weeks30 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Comparison of intraarticular bupivacaine with the addition of morphine or fentanyl for analgesia after arthroscopic surgery (1995)

A randomized study on 30 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy was performed. Group I (n = 15) received 50 mg of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 mg of morphine, and group II (n = 15) received 50 mg of 0.25% bupivacaine and 100 micrograms of fentanyl. The visual analogue scale was recorded at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the operation. Supplementary analgesia requirements were also recorded. In group I, pain scores were lower than group II (P < .05) during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours. The duration of analgesia on group I was significantly longer than group II. The combination of intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine has a longer analgesic duration and effect than a combination of fentanyl and bupivacaine.
Targeted cancer immunotherapy (2012)

Under physiological conditions, the trans-presentation of interleukin-15 (IL-15) by the IL-15 receptor α on the cell surface allows to confine and tune the IL-15-mediated immune responses. Therefore, targeting strategies that mimic this situation at the tumor sites appear especially promising for anticancer immunotherapy.
The Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms by HPLC Utilizing a Dual Reagent Acidic Potassium Permanganate and Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Chemiluminescence Detection System (2006)

This paper describes a procedure for the determination of psilocin and psilocybin in mushroom extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn chemiluminescence detection. A number of extraction methods for psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms were investigated, with a simple methanolic extraction being found to be most effective. Psilocin and psilocybin were extracted from a variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms using methanol. The analytes were separated on a C12 column using a (95:5% v/v) methanol:10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.5 mobile phase with a run time of 5 min. Detection was realized through a dual reagent chemiluminescence detection system of acidic potassium permanganate and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). The chemiluminescence detection system gave improved detectability when compared with UV absorption at 269 nm, with detection limits of 1.2 x 10(-8) and 3.5 x 10(-9) mol/L being obtained for psilocin and psilocybin, respectively. The procedure was applied to the determination of psilocin and psilocybin in three Australian species of hallucinogenic mushroom.
EARLY DOSE ASSESSMENT IN CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS (2001)

Early estimation of dose is useful in the medical evaluation of severe radiation accidents. In a prior publication, lymphocyte depletion kinetics were shown to follow an exponential decline for gamma accidents in which the average whole-body dose was in the range 50 cGy < D < 8-10 Gy. In that study, the depletion rate constant was linearly related to dose, within the statistical variation of the historical hematological data. This simple technique has now been extended to include analysis of various types of criticality accidents (liquid process; water moderated systems; metallic systems). Lymphocyte depletion in high-level mixed gamma/neutron accidents is found to be approximately equal, at a given effective dose, to that for gamma accidents. This universality would indicate a neutron RBE for human lymphocytes close to unity. Furthermore, the technique appears to be insensitive to the shape of gamma and neutron spectra, therefore making it especially robust for initial, approximate dose estimation.
Action of Human Group IIa Secreted Phospholipase A2on Cell Membranes (1998)

Human group IIa phospholipase A2 (hIIa-PLA2) is a highly basic protein that is secreted from a number of cells during inflammation and may play a role in arachidonate liberation and in destruction of invading bacteria. It has been proposed that rodent group IIa PLA2 is anchored to cell surfaces via attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycan and that this interaction facilitates lipolysis. hIIa-PLA2 contains 13 lysines, 2 histidines, and 10 arginines that fall into 10 clusters. A panel of 26 hIIa-PLA2 mutants were prepared in which 1-4 basic residues in each cluster were changed to glutamate or aspartate (charge reversal). A detailed analysis of the affinities of these mutants for anionic vesicles and for heparin and heparan sulfate in vitro and of the specific activities of these proteins for hydrolysis of vesicles in vitro and of living cell membranes reveal the following trends: 1) the affinity of hIIa-PLA2 for heparin and heparan sulfate is modulated not by a highly localized site of basic residues but by diffuse sites that partially overlap with the interfacial binding site. In contrast, only those residues on the interfacial binding site of hIIa-PLA2 are involved in binding to membranes; 2) the relative ability of these mutants to hydrolyze cellular phospholipids when enzymes were added exogenously to CHO-K1, NIH-3T3, and RAW 264.7 cells correlates with their relative in vitro affinity for vesicles and not with their affinity for heparin and heparan sulfate. 3) The rates of exogenous hIIa-PLA2-catalyzed fatty acid release from wild type CHO-K1 cells and two mutant lines, one lacking glycosaminoglycan and one lacking heparan sulfate, were similar. Thus basic residues that modulate interfacial binding are important for plasma membrane fatty acid release by exogenously added hIIa-PLA2. Binding of hIIa-PLA2 to cell surface heparan sulfate does not modulate plasma membrane phospholipid hydrolysis by exogenously added hIIa-PLA2.
Key parameters to be considered for market introduction of a thermoelectric generator (2014)

This paper reviews the keys parameters which lead the overall performances of a thermoelectric generator (TEG). TEG integrated in an exhaust line of a car. Thermal working conditions of the TEG are detailed and some proposals are made to improve TEG performance and reduce its cost through integration into the catalytic converter of gasoline engines. Specific driving conditions as in New European Driving Cycle cycle are analyzed to better understand the necessary TEG design adaptation to be efficient in all conditions. In conclusion, performance potential of different thermo-electrical materials is evaluated in performance and cost. Results show that TEG can be a midterm new product to participate to CO2 emission reduction. That for, industrials leading the supply chain upstream of car manufacturers must investigate to pull this technology out research lab’s and let it at disposal of the market.
The Use of Infrared Spectrophotometry for Measuring Body Water Spaces (1999)

This improved infrared method for measuring deuterium enrichment in plasma and saliva requires no sample preparation, is rapid, and has potential value to the clinician.
Image segmentation by data-driven markov chain monte carlo (2002)

This paper presents a computational paradigm called Data-Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo (DDMCMC) for image segmentation in the Bayesian statistical framework. The paper contributes to image segmentation in four aspects. First, it designs efficient and well-balanced Markov Chain dynamics to explore the complex solution space and, thus, achieves a nearly global optimal solution independent of initial segmentations. Second, it presents a mathematical principle and a K-adventurers algorithm for computing multiple distinct solutions from the Markov chain sequence and, thus, it incorporates intrinsic ambiguities in image segmentation. Third, it utilizes data-driven (bottom-up) techniques, such as clustering and edge detection, to compute importance proposal probabilities, which drive the Markov chain dynamics and achieve tremendous speedup in comparison to the traditional jump-diffusion methods. Fourth, the DDMCMC paradigm provides a unifying framework in which the role of many existing segmentation algorithms, such as, edge detection, clustering, region growing, split-merge, snake/balloon, and region competition, are revealed as either realizing Markov chain dynamics or computing importance proposal probabilities. Thus, the DDMCMC paradigm combines and generalizes these segmentation methods in a principled way. The DDMCMC paradigm adopts seven parametric and nonparametric image models for intensity and color at various regions. We test the DDMCMC paradigm extensively on both color and gray-level images and some results are reported in this paper.
British anti-lewisite (1946)

ARSENICAL VESICANTS AND SKIN RESPIRATION 529 generalized denaturant or coagulant effect on the skin proteins.Although the evidence presented above is insufficient to warrant a firm conclusion that vesication is initiated by this respiratory defect, yet, since pyruvate oxidation is known to be a fundamental stage in the energy-yielding reactions of many animal cells, it is felt that inactivation of carbohydrate metabolism at this stage may repre- sent a biochemical lesion sufficiently severe to account for grave alterations in the functions of the capillary endothelial cells.It should be pointed out that the defect in pyruvate metabolism is certainly present at an early stage in the development of the skin lesion, although no evidence has as yet been obtained that it actually precedes the development of visible oedema, since, by the time respiratory measurements were actually begun, using the skin removed 5 min.after contamination, it might be argued that oedema would also have been present had the skin still been on the animal.SUMMARY 1.The effect of low concentrations of sodium arsenite and lewisite on the respiration of rat skin slices in the presence of pyruvate and succinate has been studied.2. Under the conditions used, addition of these arsenicals caused a marked inhibition of the small extra oxygen consumption due to pyruvate (86-100 %), but only a slight effect on succinate oxida- tion (0-19 %).3. The respiration of skin contaminated in vivo with lewisite has been compared with that of normal skin slices.In the contaminated skin there was again a marked inhibition of pyruvate oxidation but no significant inhibition of succinate oxidation.4. The significance of these changes to the pathogenesis of vesication is briefly discussed.