gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of interleukin 2 and various effector cell populations in adoptive immunotherapy of 9L rat gliosarcoma: allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes prevent tumor take. (1990)

Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) and various effector cell populations were used for adoptive immunotherapy in the Fischer strain 9L rat gliosarcoma model. The in vivo cytotoxicities of nonspecifically activated lymphocytes and specifically activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were assessed in a modified in vivo neutralization (Winn) assay. Effector cells (10(6)) and 9L tumor cells (10(5] were combined with 10(4) units of rIL-2 and stereotactically implanted into the right frontal centrum semiovale of the Fischer (F344) rat. At 7 and 14 days, additional effector cells (10(6] and rIL-2 (10(4) units) were administered through the same burr hole. Nonspecifically activated splenocytes were lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, both plastic-adherent and nonadherent, whereas specifically activated CTLs were either syngeneic (genetically identical) or allogeneic (genetically dissimilar). Syngeneic CTLs were T lymphocytes from Fischer rats primed in vivo with 9L cells and restimulated in vitro. Allogeneic CTLs were generated by exposing DA rat lymphocytes either to irradiated Fischer lymph node cells or to 9L Fisher tumor cells in vitro. Control groups included rats bearing 9L tumor who were untreated, those who received peripheral (i.p. or s.c.) administration of rIL-2, or those who received syngeneic unstimulated T lymphocytes and rIL-2. For a set of animals given the same inoculum of 9L tumor, significantly improved survival was shown for groups treated with nonadherent or adherent LAK cells (P less than or equal to 0.0003), syngeneic CTLs (P = 0.0327), or allogeneic CTLs (P = 0.0025) over untreated control animals by using Mantel-Haenzel nonparametric logrank equations. Only treatment with allogeneic CTLs prevented tumor take.
Kozupeptins, Antimalarial Agents Produced by Paracamarosporium Species: Isolation, Structural Elucidation, Total Synthesis, and Bioactivity (2019)

Kozupeptins A and B, novel antimalarial lipopeptides, were isolated from the culture broths of Paracamarosporium sp. FKI-7019. They exhibited potent antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro. The structural elucidation was accomplished by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and chemical approaches including a total synthesis of kozupeptin A. Synthetic kozupeptin A demonstrated a therapeutic effect in vivo, and an intermediate exhibited much higher antimalarial activity than kozupeptin A.
Genome‐wide linkage analysis of 1,233 prostate cancer pedigrees from the International Consortium for prostate cancer Genetics using novel sumLINK and sumLOD analyses (2010)

Our results represent genomic regions with the greatest consistency of positive linkage evidence across a very large collection of high-risk PC pedigrees using new statistical tests that deal powerfully with heterogeneity. These regions are excellent candidates for further study to identify PC predisposition genes.
Immunohistologic detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1991)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) expression was studied immunohistologically in 38 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The EGF-R was faintly expressed in basal and parabasal layers of normal esophageal epithelia and in cancer nests of 20 patients; it was strongly expressed in all areas of dysplastic epithelia and in cancer nests of 18 patients. The patients with strongly expressed EGF-R had lymph node metastases more frequently, and their prognosis was poorer than those with faintly expressed EGF-R. The EGF-R expression showed a mosaic pattern in 17 patients and a diffuse pattern in 21 patients. The patients with a mosaic pattern had lymph node metastases more frequently and a worse prognosis than those with a diffuse pattern. Expression of EGF-R in metastatic lymph nodes was similar to that in strongly expressing areas of primary cancers with a mosaic pattern. Thus EGF-R expression may be an important indicator for malignancies of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas because primary cancer cells with strongly expressed EGF-R metastasize to lymph nodes more frequently.
Unwinding of Unnatural Substrates by a DNA Helicase (2000)

Helicases separate double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA intermediates that are required during replication and recombination. These enzymes are believed to transduce free energy available from ATPase activity to unwind the duplex and translocate along the nucleic acid lattice. The nature of enzyme-substrate interactions between helicases and duplex DNA substrates has not been well-defined. Most helicases require a single-stranded DNA overhang adjacent to duplex DNA in order to initiate unwinding. The strand containing the overhang is referred to as the loading strand whereas the complementary strand is referred to as the displaced strand. We have investigated the interactions between a DNA helicase and the DNA substrate by replacing the displaced strand with a nucleic acid mimic, peptide nucleic acid (PNA). PNA is capable of forming duplex structures with DNA according to Watson-Crick base pairing rules, but contains a N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine backbone in place of the deoxyribose phosphates. The PNA-DNA hybrids had higher melting temperatures than their DNA-DNA counterparts. Dda helicase, from bacteriophage T4, was able to unwind the DNA-PNA substrates at similar rates as DNA-DNA substrates. The results indicate that the rate-limiting step for unwinding is relatively insensitive to the chemical nature of the displaced strand and the thermal stability of oligonucleotide substrates.
Engineering mammalian aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase to probe structural features mediating its association with the multisynthetase complex (1992)

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from higher eukaryotes is a component of a multienzyme complex comprising nine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The cDNA encoding cytoplasmic rat liver aspartyl-tRNA synthetase was previously cloned and sequenced. This work reports the identification of structural features responsible for its association within the multisynthetase complex. Mutant and chimeric proteins have been expressed in mammalian cells and their structural behavior analyzed. A wild-type rat liver aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, associates within the complex from CHO cells, whereas a mutant enzyme with a deletion of 34 amino acids from its amino-terminal extremity does not. A chimeric enzyme, made of the amino-terminal moiety of rat liver aspartyl-tRNA synthetase fused to the catalytic domain of yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase, has been expressed in Lys-101 cells, a CHO cell line with a temperature-sensitive lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The fusion protein is stable in vivo, does not associate within the multisynthetase complex and cannot restore normal growth of the mutant cells. These results establish that the 3.7-kDa amino-terminal moiety of mammalian aspartyl-tRNA synthetase mediates its association with the other components of the complex. In addition, the finding that yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase cannot replace the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase component of the mammalian complex, indicates that interactions between neighbouring enzymes also play a prominent role in stabilization of this multienzyme structure and strengthened the view that the multisynthetase complex is a discrete entity with a well-defined structural organization.
Living Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization):  Approaches to Star Polymers (2003)

The synthesis of multiarm star polymers by radical polymerization with reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is described. When the precursor RAFT agents to star polymers are trithiocarbonate derived, fragmentation of the radical intermediate can lead to different products depending on the leaving abilities of the two groups attached to sulfur. To demonstrate this, two types of RAFT agents, ones that allow growth of arms away from the core and the other attached to the core during propagation, were designed, and an example of each was synthesized. While both star RAFT agents gave excellent molecular weight control and low polydispersities (typically <1.2), the one that grows its arms away from the core offers polymers free from star−star coupled products. Thus, the direction of fragmentation should be considered when designing efficient star RAFT agents. The living nature of the arms of these polymers was demonstrated by extending the arms with a different monomer to afford a star block copolymer. The RAFT agents described are easily synthesized from commercially available reagents by a simple experimental procedure.
P16INK4a Positive Cells in Human Skin Are Indicative of Local Elastic Fiber Morphology, Facial Wrinkling, and Perceived Age (2015)

Senescent cells are more prevalent in aged human skin compared to young, but evidence that senescent cells are linked to other biomarkers of aging is scarce. We counted cells positive for the tumor suppressor and senescence associated protein p16INK4a in sun-protected upper-inner arm skin biopsies from 178 participants (aged 45-81 years) of the Leiden Longevity Study. Local elastic fiber morphology, facial wrinkles, and perceived facial age were compared to tertiles of p16INK4a counts, while adjusting for chronological age and other potential confounders.The numbers of epidermal and dermal p16INK4a positive cells were significantly associated with age-associated elastic fiber morphologic characteristics, such as longer and a greater number of elastic fibers. The p16INK4a positive epidermal cells (identified as primarily melanocytes) were also significantly associated with more facial wrinkles and a higher perceived age. Participants in the lowest tertile of epidermal p16INK4a counts looked 3 years younger than those in the highest tertile, independently of chronological age and elastic fiber morphology.In conclusion, p16INK4a positive cell numbers in sun-protected human arm skin are indicative of both local elastic fiber morphology and the extent of aging visible in the face.
Metabolism of pyrimidine L-nucleosides (1976)

The intraperitoneal application of L-nucleosides (L-Cyd, L-Urd, L-dThd) to mice results in distribution of these compounds into tissues of the organism and their gradual excretion in the unchanged form. The residual level has been observed with L-ribonucleosides only and contains in addition to the L-nucleoside its 5'-phosphate. The phosphorylation in vivo is catalyzed by nucleoside-kinase and utilizes ATP as the phosphate donor while glycerol 1-phosphate and creatine phosphate are inactive. The L-cytidine derivatives are in vivo deaminated to the derivatives of L-uridine. On the other hand, when L-uridine is applied in vivo, derivatives of L-cytidine are obtained on the level of both the nucleoside and 5'-ribonucleotide.
Effect of pH and chemical mechanical planarization process conditions on the copper–benzotriazole complex formation (2016)

Abstract Benzotriazole (BTA) has been used to protect copper (Cu) from corrosion during Cu chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes. However, an undesirable Cu–BTA complex is deposited after Cu CMP processes and it should be completely removed at post-Cu CMP cleaning for next fabrication process. Therefore, it is very important to understand of Cu–BTA complex formation behavior for its applications such as Cu CMP and post-Cu CMP cleaning. The present study investigated the effect of pH and polisher conditions on the formation of Cu–BTA complex layers using electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and the surface contact angle. The wettability was not a significant factor for the polishing interface, as no difference in the contact angles was observed for these processes. Both electrochemical techniques revealed that BTA had a unique advantage of long-term protection for Cu corrosion in an acidic condition (pH 3).
Complete nucleotide sequence of the peroxisomal Acyl CoA Oxidase from the alkane-utilizing yeastCandida maltosa (1988)

Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of the peroxisomal Acyl CoA Oxidase from the alkane-utilizing yeast Candida maltosa Get access David E. Hill, David E. Hill * Genetics Institute87 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard Boulay, Richard Boulay Genetics Institute87 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Rogers David Rogers Genetics Institute87 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 1, 11 January 1988, Pages 365–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.1.365 Published: 11 January 1988 Article history Accepted: 30 October 1987 Published: 11 January 1988
IL-2 reduces graft-versus-host disease and preserves a graft-versus-leukemia effect by selectively inhibiting CD4+ T cell activity (1993)

We have recently demonstrated, in a fully MHC-mismatched murine bone marrow transplantation model, that administration of a short course of high dose IL-2 markedly diminishes graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) without compromising alloengraftment or the graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) effect of allogeneic T cells. We have now evaluated the mechanism of the dissociation of GVL and GVHD observed in this model. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cells were required to produce severe, acute GVHD in the fully MHC-mismatched plus minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched A/J-->B10 strain combination. The GVHD-producing activity of A/J CD4+ T cells administered without CD8+ T cells was inhibited by IL-2 treatment. In contrast, CD8+ T cells alone mediated the GVL effect observed in the EL4 leukemia/lymphoma model, and CD4+ cells did not contribute to this effect. This CD8-mediated GVL activity was not inhibited by IL-2 treatment. Because naive A/J CD8+ T cells administered without CD4+ T cells did not produce acute GVHD, we were unable to evaluate the effect of IL-2 in this model. However, when A/J donors were presensitized with B10 skin grafts, CD4-depleted A/J spleen cells were capable of causing acute GVHD in B10 recipients. This CD8-mediated GVHD was not inhibited by treatment with IL-2. However, IL-2 did partially inhibit the GVHD produced by nondepleted presensitized A/J spleen cells, probably due to selective inhibition of the function of presensitized A/J CD4+ T cells. The dissociation of GVHD and GVL against the EL4 leukemia/lymphoma in IL-2-treated mice can therefore be explained by selective inhibition by IL-2 of CD4 activity.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Foot Structure During Gait: A Basic Tool for Clinical Applications (2000)

A novel three-dimensional numerical model of the foot, incorporating, for the first time in the literature, realistic geometric and material properties of both skeletal and soft tissue components of the foot, was developed for biomechanical analysis of its structural behavior during gait. A system of experimental methods, integrating the optical Contact Pressure Display (CPD) method for plantar pressure measurements and a Digital Radiographic Fluoroscopy (DRF) instrument for acquisition of skeletal motion during gait, was also developed in this study and subsequently used to build the foot model and validate its predictions. Using a Finite Element solver, the stress distribution within the foot structure was obtained and regions of elevated stresses for six subphases of the stance (initial-contact, heel-strike, midstance, forefoot-contact, push-off, and toe-off) were located. For each of these subphases, the model was adapted according to the corresponding fluoroscopic data, skeletal dynamics, and active muscle force loading. Validation of the stress state was achieved by comparing model predictions of contact stress distribution with respective CPD measurements. The presently developed measurement and numerical analysis tools open new approaches for clinical applications, from simulation of the development mechanisms of common foot disorders to pre- and post-interventional evaluation of their treatment.
Studies of tunnel MOS diodes I. Interface effects in silicon Schottky diodes (1971)

A theoretical and experimental study has been made of silicon Schottky diodes in which the metal and semiconductor are separated by a thin interfacial film. A generalized approach is taken towards the interface states which considers their communication with both the metal and the semiconductor. Diodes were fabricated with interfacial films ranging from 8 to 26 Å in thickness, and their characteristics are related to this model. The effects of reduced transmission coefficients together with fixed charge in the film are investigated. The interpretation of the current-voltage characteristics and the validity of the C−2-V method in the determination of diffusion potentials are discussed.
Vasopressinanaloga als Ultima ratio bei einer schweren Intoxikation mit Vasodilatanzien (2003)

In circulatory shock due to toxic vasodilatation the use of vasopressin analogue argipressin can be helpful as an ultima therapeutic measure in catecholamine refractory shock caused by vasodilatation. Attention must be paid to overwhelming vasoconstrictor effects resulting in mesenteric ischemia.
Don’t Forget HPV-45 in Cervical Cancer ScreeningThe Authors’ Reply (2011)

To the Editor 

The ATHENA trial is focusing only on human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and HPV-18 to identify women at high risk for high-grade cervical disease or worse.1

Type-specific screening tests should focus not only on HPV-16 and HPV-18 but also on HPV-45. HPV types 16, 18, and 45 are the 3 most common types in cervical cancer. Together, they account for 75% of squamous cell carcinoma and 94% of adenocarcinoma.2,3 HPV-18 and HPV-45 together are significantly more common in cases of adenocarcinoma than in cases of squamous cell carcinoma (44% vs 14%; P < .0001).3 Women younger than 30 years have twice (4%) as many invasive cervical cancers related to HPV-45 than to HPV types other than 16, 18, or 45 (2%).3

The mean age of patients with cervical cancer is the lowest for HPV-45 (46.8 years), followed by HPV-18 (48.2 years) and HPV-16 (50.0 years). The average age of patients with invasive cancer caused by HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-45 is 47 years, and the average age of women with this cancer related to any other HPV type is 56 years.2,3

A possible explanation for this younger age is the integration of the viral DNA in the human genome. The percentage of integration increases from progression of a low-grade lesion to an invasive carcinoma. Patients with invasive cancer with integrated HPV DNA have a statistically significant younger median age at diagnosis (43 years) compared with patients without integration (52.5 years; P = .017).4 Integration frequency in invasive cancer is the highest for HPV-18, which varies between 100% and 92%, followed by HPV-45 (83%) and HPV-16 (which varies between 55% and 80%).4–6 Other types, such as HPV-33 (37% integration) and HPV-31 (14% integration), are less likely to integrate. …
A retrieval model incorporating hypertext links (1989)

Article A retrieval model incorporating hypertext links Share on Authors: W. B. Croft Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile , H. Turtle Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '89: Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on HypertextNovember 1989 Pages 213–224https://doi.org/10.1145/74224.74242Online:01 November 1989Publication History 74citation585DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations74Total Downloads585Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Ligand-field theory (1957)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Relative efficacy of human monocytes and dendritic cells as accessory cells for T cell replication. (1983)

Monocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies (7) were used to compare the efficacy of monocytes and dendritic cells as accessory or stimulator cells for human T cell replication. Both unfractionated and plastic-adherent mononuclear cells were first treated with a cytolytic antimonocyte antibody that kills greater than 95% of monocytes but not dendritic cells. When tested as stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and of oxidative mitogenesis (the proliferation of T cells modified with sodium periodate), the monocyte-depleted cells had normal or enhanced stimulatory capacity. Monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells also proliferated normally to soluble antigens (Candida albicans, tetanus toxoid), even under limiting conditions of cell dose, antigen dose, and culture time. Adherent blood mononuclear cells were next separated into monocyte-enriched and -depleted components using fluoresceinated antimonocyte antibody and the cell sorter. The depleted fraction (less than 2% monocytes by esterase staining and by cytology) contained the dendritic cells and exhibited at least 75% of the accessory activity. The monocyte-rich fraction (approximately 97% esterase positive) stimulated the MLR and oxidative mitogenesis weakly, and was comparable in potency to nonadherent cells. Cell-specific antibodies and complement were also used to prepare dendritic cells that were thoroughly depleted of monocytes and lymphocytes. The dendritic cells (70-80% pure) were potent stimulators of the allogeneic MLR, syngeneic MLR, and tetanus toxoid response, being active at stimulator to responder ratios of 1:100 or less. Taken together with previous studies (1, 2), these experiments indicate that the dendritic cell is the major stimulator of T cell replication in man. The contribution of class II products of the major histocompatibility complex (7) was then evaluated with a new monoclonal, 9.3F10. Accessory function was dramatically inhibited if cells bearing class II antigens were killed with 9.3F10 and complement, or if class II molecules were blocked by the addition of 9.3F10 Fab to the culture medium. The expression of 9.3F10 class II products was therefore studied on purified monocytes and dendritic cells. Most if not all cells in both populations reacted with 9.3F10, and each population exhibited approximately 150,000 125I-Fab 9.3F10 binding sites per cell. Since Ia+ dendritic cells are active accessory cells, but Ia+ monocytes are not, class II products are necessary but not sufficient for the stimulation of T cell proliferation in man.