gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chimeric renin-angiotensin system demonstrates sustained increase in blood pressure of transgenic mice carrying both human renin and human angiotensinogen genes (1993)

A reaction between enzyme renin and its only natural substrate angiotensinogen is the initial and rate-limiting step for producing a potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II as the final product of the renin-angiotensin system, a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In order to assess the role of the interaction of human renin with human angiotensinogen in the development of high blood pressure, we have constructed the chimeric renin-angiotensin cascade in mice comprising both human renin and human angiotensinogen as well as the endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor by cross-mating separate lines of transgenic mice carrying either the human renin or human angiotensinogen genes. Although each single gene carrier did not develop hypertension despite the observed normal tissue-specific expression of the transgenes, dual gene strains exhibited a chronically sustained increase in blood pressure. Administration of a human renin-specific inhibitor (ES-8891) was effective in reducing the elevated blood pressure only against the cross-mated hybrid mice, but treatment of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) and a selective antagonist (DuP 753) directed at the angiotensin II receptor decreased the basal level of blood pressure even in single gene carriers as well as in dual gene mice. These results clearly demonstrated that the sustained increase in blood pressure of the hybrid mice was initiated by the interaction between the products of the two human genes.
The AzusA 16-way itanium server (2000)

AzusA is the 16-way optimized ItaniumTM processor-based server with enhanced reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features required for enterprise-level computing. With its low memory access latencies and small remote/local ratio, AzusA is expected to demonstrate consistent performance scalability for all kinds of workloads.
Inverse planning for IMRT with nonuniform beam profiles using total‐variation regularization (TVR) (2010)

TVR-based optimization in nonflat beam domain provides an effective way to maximally leverage the technical capacity of radiation therapy with FFF fields. The technique can generate effective IMRT plans with improved dose delivery efficiency without significant deterioration of the dose distribution.
Cloning and characterization of gdhA, the structural gene for glutamate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium (1984)

Glutamic acid is synthesized in enteric bacteria by either glutamate dehydrogenase or by the coupled activities of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase. A hybrid plasmid containing a fragment of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome cloned into pBR328 restores growth of glutamate auxotrophs of S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains which have mutations in the genes for glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase. A 2.2-kilobase pair region was shown by complementation analysis, enzyme activity measurements, and the maxicell protein synthesizing system to carry the entire glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene, gdhA. Glutamate dehydrogenase encoded by gdhA carried on recombinant plasmids was elevated 5- to over 100-fold in S. typhimurium or E. coli cells and was regulated in both organisms. The gdhA promoter was located by recombination studies and by the in vitro fusion to, and activation of, a promoter-deficient galK gene. Additionally, S. typhimurium gdhA DNA was shown to hybridize to single restriction fragments of chromosomes from other enteric bacteria and from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
TLR13 Recognizes Bacterial 23 S rRNA Devoid of Erythromycin Resistance–Forming Modification (2012)

Host protection from infection relies on the recognition of pathogens by innate pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we show that the orphan receptor TLR13 in mice recognizes a conserved 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence that is the binding site of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin group (MLS) antibiotics (including erythromycin) in bacteria. Notably, 23S rRNA from clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and synthetic oligoribonucleotides carrying methylated adenosine or a guanosine mimicking a MLS resistance-causing modification failed to stimulate TLR13. Thus, our results reveal both a natural TLR13 ligand and specific mechanisms of antibiotic resistance as potent bacterial immune evasion strategy, avoiding recognition via TLR13.
Two genes that encode ribosomal‐protein S6 kinase homologs are induced by cold or salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana (1995)

We have isolated two closely related cDNA clones (cATPK19 and cATPK6) with homology to protein-serine/threonine kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The deduced amino acid sequences of the ATPK19 and ATPK6 contain all 11 conserved regions of the catalytic domain of protein kinases, and have homology to p70 ribosomal S6 kinases (52%). ATPK19 and ATPK6 have putative PEST regions in their N- and C-terminal regions, and these regions also contain putative phosphorylation sites that are recognized by casein kinases or proline-directed protein kinases such as cdc2, MAP kinase, and p54 MAP-2 kinase (SAPK). The transcription levels of the ATPK19 and ATPK6 genes rapidly and markedly increased when plants were subjected to cold or high-salt stresses. These observations suggest that ATPK19 and ATPK6 may function in the adaptation of plant cells to cold or high-salt conditions, providing an understanding of the role of protein phosphorylation in plant responses to environmental stresses.
Cyanovirin-N Gel as a Topical Microbicide Prevents Rectal Transmission of SHIV89.6P in Macaques (2003)

Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), an 11-kDa cyanobacterial protein, potently inactivates diverse strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and also prevents virus-to-cell fusion, virus entry, and infection of cells in vitro. These properties make CV-N an attractive candidate for use as a topical microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. We evaluated the efficacy of gel-formulated, recombinant CV-N gel asa topical microbicide in male macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that were rectally challenged with a chimeric SIV/HIV-1 virus known as SHIV89.6P. All of the untreated macaques were infected and experienced CD4+T cell depletion. In contrast, none of the macaques that received either 1% or 2% CV-N gel showed evidence of SHIV89.6P infection. Neither CV-N nor placebo gels produced any adverse effects in any macaque following the rectal application. These results indicate that CV-N gel as a topical microbicide can prevent rectal transmission of SHIV in macaques. These studies encourage clinical evaluation of CV-N as a topical microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in humans.
Pilot symbol assisted modulation and differential detection in fading and delay spread (1995)

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) has previously been shown to give good performance in flat fading, noise and cochannel interference. The present paper analyzes its performance in ISI due to frequency selective fading, and provides a similar analysis of differential detection for comparison. The paper also introduces a method for performing the formidable average over transmitted data patterns simply, and with an analytical result, PSAM is shown to be sensitive to RMS delay spread, though it always gives better performance than differential detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyisoguanosine 5′-Triphosphate and 2′-Deoxy-5-methylisocytidine 5′-Triphosphate (1999)

The syntheses of the 5′-triphosphates of 2′-deoxyisoguanosine (=p3isoGd) and 2′-deoxy-5-methylisocytidine (=p3me5isoCd), two new bases for the genetic alphabet, are described. The triphosphates were synthesized from the corresponding nucleosides using a transient-protection procedure. The introduction of a methyl group at the 5-position of 2′-deoxyisocytidine remarkably improved the stability of the triphosphate. Characterization of the triphosphates included enzymatic incorporation opposite the complementary base in a template oligonucleotide.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Pituitary Tumor Behavior (2000)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-containing endopeptidases that are able to degrade the extracellular matrix and allow angiogenesis and tumor invasion. The vast majority of pituitary tumors are benign and do not metastasize to distant sites, although they may invade locally. The aim of this study was to determine whether expression of the collagenase MMP-9 may play a role in allowing angiogenesis and invasion by different pituitary tumor types. Tumor expression of MMP-9 was investigated using a monoclonal antibody on a series of well-characterized paraffin-embedded sections of pituitary tumors. Invasive macroprolactinomas (n = 11) were significantly more likely to express MMP-9 than noninvasive macroprolactinomas (n = 8) (P = 0.003). Invasive macroprolactinomas showed higher-density MMP-9 staining than noninvasive tumors (P < 0.05). MMP-9 expression did not differ between noninvasive tumors and normal pituitary gland, or between different sized prolactinomas. MMP-9 expression was related to aggressive tumor behavior. It was higher in invasive macroprolactinomas (P = 0.003) when compared with noninvasive macroprolactinomas or the normal anterior pituitary gland. In addition, although there was no difference in whether MMP-9 was present or not when nonfunctioning adenomas that recurred were compared with those that did not, samples of recurrent tumor at the second presentation were more likely to express MMP-9 (P = 0.01). Pituitary carcinomas were significantly more likely to be MMP-9 positive compared with normal anterior pituitary gland (P = 0.05), but there was no difference from invasive adenomas. Angiogenesis assessed by vascular density was related to MMP-9 expression (P < 0.05). In summary, we have shown the presence of MMP-9 expression in some invasive and recurrent pituitary adenomas, and in the majority of pituitary carcinoma. The mechanisms whereby MMP-9 expression influences tumor recurrence and invasiveness, and its association with angiogenesis, remains to be elucidated. However, these observations suggest that a future potential therapeutic strategy for some pituitary tumors may be administration of a synthetic MMP-9 inhibitor.
Chlorine injury and the enumeration of waterborne coliform bacteria (1979)

Injury induced in Escherichia coli cells by chlorination was studied from a physiological standpoint. Predictable and reproducible injury was found to occur rapidly in 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter and was reversible under nonselective conditions. There was an extended lag period in the growth of chlorinated cells not seen in control suspensions followed by the resumption of logarithmic growth at a rate equaling that of control cells. The aldolase activity of cells chlorinated in vivo was equivalent to that obtained for control cells. Oxygen uptake experiments showed that chlorinated cells underwent a decrease in respiration that was not immediatedly repaired in the presence of reducing agents. This effect was more pronouned in rich media containing reducing agents. Uptake of metabolities was inhibited by chlorine injury as shown with experiments using 14C-labeled glucose and algal protein hydrolysate.
Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase phosphorylated in response to cell attachment to fibronectin. (1992)

A homology-based cDNA cloning approach was used to identify a widely expressed protein-tyrosine kinase designated as "focal adhesion kinase" (FadK). The entire mouse FadK amino acid sequence was deduced from cDNA clones, revealing a large (119-kDa) non-membrane-spanning protein-tyrosine kinase that lacks Src-homology SH2 and SH3 domains. Immunostaining of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts revealed that FadK is concentrated in focal adhesions. FadK is phosphorylated on tyrosine in growing cultures of BALB/c 3T3 cells but contains little or no phosphotyrosine in cells detached by trypsinization. The tyrosine-phosphorylated state is regained within minutes when the cells are replated onto fibronectin. Activation of FadK may be an important early step in intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix.
Analysis of the intracellular signalling domain of the human growth hormone receptor in children with idiopathic short stature (2000)

The apparent partial growth hormone insensitivity in this group of idiopathic short-stature subjects is not related to heterozygous, dominant-negative variants of the intracellular signalling domain of the GHR. Hence it is likely that other genetic and environmental factors may be involved.
The fate of articular cartilage after transplantation of fresh and cryopreserved tissue-antigen-matched and mismatched osteochondral allografts in dogs. (1989)

The long-term success of massive osteochondral allografts depends not only on the incorporation of the transplanted articular cartilage. Osteochondral allografts are immunogenic, and, once an immune response is stimulated by exposure to donor cellular antigens, the cartilage becomes vulnerable to direct injury by cytotoxic antibodies or by lymphocytes, or to indirect injury by inflammatory mediators and enzymes induced by the immune response. To clarify the role of histocompatibility antigen-matching on the health of transplanted articular cartilage, we orthotopically implanted canine leukocyte antigen-matched and mismatched proximal osteochondral allografts of the radius, both fresh and cryopreserved, in beagles. Four groups of dogs received: (1) canine leukocyte antigen-mismatched frozen allografts, (2) canine leukocyte antigen-mismatched fresh allografts, (3) canine leukocyte antigen-matched fresh allografts, or (4) canine leukocyte antigen-matched frozen allografts. In twelve of the dogs, the contralateral leg was subjected to a sham operation, and in ten of the dogs, the proximal part of the radius was removed and replaced as an autogenous graft control. All animals were followed for eleven months after the operation and then were killed. The cartilage of the grafts was evaluated grossly, histologically, and biochemically. The biochemical analysis consisted of measurement of dry weight, content of glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline, and galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratios. Analyses of variance were used to study the effect of tissue antigen-matching and freezing on degradation of cartilage. During the study, no dog had grossly obvious clinical abnormalities, all host-graft interfaces healed, and no joints dislocated. The gross appearance of the cartilage was normal for both the joints that had an autogenous graft and those that were subjected to the sham operation. The cartilage of all allografts was thinned, dull, and roughened. The synovial membrane of all of the joints that had been operated on was mildly fibrotic and hyperplastic, but only that of the dogs that had an allograft was severely fibrotic and hyperplastic and demonstrated an inflammatory response. The inflammatory response was most severe in joints that had received a fresh canine leukocyte antigen-mismatched allograft. Invasive pannus was more frequent in joints that had received a fresh graft, particularly those that had received a canine leukocyte antigen-mismatched allograft, and cartilage was sometimes eroded to subchondral bone. Freezing was harmful to the cartilage. Very few cells survived the freezing procedure, and frozen grafts received s significantly worse histological scores had significantly less glycosaminoglycans and had a lower ratio of galactosamine to glucosamine than fresh grafts.
Issues in the design of tactile input devices for mechanical CAD systems (2003)

Although some current CAD systems have successfully integrated expert systems with solid modelers and analysis packages, most of these systems are conspicuously unequipped with the intuitive human-computer interfaces necessary to allow a designer truly to conceptualize a design. It is asserted that the primary reason why many of the current systems serve more as design verification tools than as true design synthesis tools is that the human interfaces used are too awkward to give the designer the flexibility to create and modify a design easily. To date there has been little deviation from the traditional keyboard and mouse or stylus input devices. A brief description is given of initial research efforts to develop an alternative computer input device for mechanical CAD.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and analgesic activities of some (4-substituted phenyl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl 2-aminobenzoates and 2-aminonicotinates (1979)

A series of (4-substituted phenyl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl 2-aminobenzoates and 2-aminonicotinates has been prepared and screened for analgesic and antiinflammatory properties in mice and rats. The tabulated results reveal several 2-(4-substituted phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl 2-(7- or 8-substituted 4-quinolinylamino)benzoates to be six to nine times more potent analgesics than the reference compounds (glafenine and aminopyrine) and to possess minor antinflammatory activity. Compound 45, 2-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethyl 2-[[7-(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinyl]amino]benzoate (antrafenine), showed marked analgesic activity, long duration of action, and excellent tolerance in pharmacological and toxicological studies, as well as in clinical trials.
Polyrod Antennas (1947)

The polyrod, a new form of microwave endfire antenna, is described. This consists of a properly shaped dielectric rod protruding from a metal waveguide. For applications requiring moderate gain, it possesses desirable electrical and mechanical properties. It is useful as a unit antenna in broadside arrays on account of its low crosstalk into adjacent polyrods. This paper describes work done from 1941 to 1944 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, N. J. Important individual contributions are acknowledged in some of the footnotes. A report of this development has been withheld from earlier publication for reasons of military security.
Glucose regulated proteins in cancer progression, Drug resistance and immunotherapy (2006)

It has been established that as molecular chaperones, the glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. This conventional concept of GRPs as protein folding chaperones is updated by discoveries that GRPs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immunotherapy, which have major clinical implications in the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Further, the localization of GRPs on the cell surface of certain cell types suggests that they serve new functions as cell surface receptors for signaling. These and other new developments on the role of GRP78, GRP94 and GRP170 in cancer progression and therapy are discussed in this review.
Acid formation and deprotection reaction by novel sulfonates in a chemical amplification positive photoresist (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid formation and deprotection reaction by novel sulfonates in a chemical amplification positive photoresistL. Schlegel, T. Ueno, H. Shiraishi, N. Hayashi, and T. IwayanagiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 3, 299–305Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00009a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (824 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Domains of the Human Androgen Receptor Involved in Steroid Binding, Transcriptional Activation, and Subcellular Localization (1991)

A series of human androgen receptor (AR) deletion mutants was constructed to study the relationship between the structural domains and their different functions in the AR protein. Human AR mutants were expressed in COS-1 and HeLa cells to investigate hormone binding, transcriptional activation, and subcellular localization. The wild-type human AR (AR 1-910) was expressed as a 110- to 112-kDa doublet, as revealed on immunoblots. All mutant AR proteins also migrated as doublets, except for one. This AR has a deletion from amino acid residues 51-211 and migrated as a single protein band, possibly due to altered posttranslational modification. The AR steroid-binding domain is encoded by approximately 250 amino acid residues in the C-terminal end. Deletions in this domain as well as truncation of the last 12 C-terminal amino acid residues abolished hormone binding. Cotransfection studies in HeLa cells showed that transcriptional activation of an androgen-regulated reporter gene construct was induced by the wild-type human AR. Mutational analysis revealed two regions in the N-terminal part, encoded by amino acid residues 51-211 and 244-360, to be essential for this transcriptional activation. Deletion of the hormone-binding domain yielded a constitutively active AR protein, indicating that in the absence of hormone this domain displays an inhibitory function. In the presence of its ligand, the wild-type AR was located in the cell nucleus. In the absence of androgens the receptor was mainly nuclear, but cytoplasmic localization was observed as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)