gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Damping in Road Vehicle Suspension Systems (1983)

ABSTRACT Low order, linearized dynamic models of road vehicle suspension systems are analyzed to provide insight into the benefits of suspensions incorporating generalized velocity feedback compared with conventional passive suspensions. Damping forces from passive dampers are supplemented by forces generated by an active element requiring a power supply. A simple criterion is developed which indicates whether or not the introduction of activedamping forces will result in significant benefit for pneumatic tired vehicles. An extended active suspension concept involving a high-gain load leveler as well as active damping is analyzed. The realization of active or semi-active damping forces through electrical or hydraulic means is briefly discussed.
Biopolymers and biomaterials based on elastomeric proteins (2002)

Elastomeric proteins represent a very interesting subject of investigation, not only for their molecular mechanism(s) of elasticity, but also for their great potential as novel biomaterials. This review is intended to give an overview of the properties of the main elastic proteins, with particular focus on elastin and, at the same time, a report on the most recent acquisitions in the field of elastomeric biomaterials. TEM image of poly(OrnGlyGlyOrnGly) after crosslinking reaction with GTA. The bar represents 100 nm.
Demonstration of Separation Delay with Glow Discharge Plasma Actuators (2003)

Active flow control of boundary-layer separation using glow-discharge plasma actuators is studied experimentally. Separation is induced on a flat plate installed in a closed-circuit wind tunnel by a shaped insert on the opposite wall. The flow conditions represent flow over the suction surface of a modern low-pressure-turbine airfoil. The Reynolds number, based on wetted plate length and nominal exit velocity, is varied from 50,000 to 300,000, covering cruise to takeoff conditions. Low (0.2 percent) and high (2.5 percent) free-stream turbulence intensities are set using passive grids. A spanwise-oriented phased-plasma-array actuator, fabricated on a printed circuit board, is surface-flush-mounted upstream of the separation point and can provide forcing in a wide frequency range. Static surface pressure measurements and hot-wire anemometry of the base and controlled flows are performed and indicate that the glow-discharge plasma actuator is an effective device for separation control.
March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (2007)

"The revised and updated 9th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry explains the theories of organic chemistry, with examples and reactions -- guiding chemists to plan and execute multi-step synthetic reactions, with detailed descriptions of all the reactions. The first 9 chapters cover general organic chemistry with theoretical principles, with the next 10 addressing reactions and mechanistic discussion. It is the latter group of chapters seeing major update for literature citations from 2018-23. Finally appendix A focused on literature and B arranging mechanisms by functional group transformation. This 9th Edition proves again it is a must-have reference for every student and professional working in organic chemistry or related fields"--
Quantification of Maternal Serum Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Early-Onset Preeclampsia (2013)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the increased serum cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) level of gravidas developed into early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) subsequently in the early second trimesters is related to prenatal screening markers. Serum was collected from 1011 gravidas. The level of cffDNA and prenatal screening markers were analyzed in 20 cases with EOPE and 20 controls. All fetuses were male. The maternal serum cffDNA level was assessed by ampliﬁcation of the Y chromosome speciﬁc gene. Correlations between the variables were examined. (Logged) cffDNA in EOPE (median, 3.08; interquartile range, 2.93-3.68) was higher than controls (median, 1.79; interquartile range, 1.46-2.53). The increased level of (logged) cffDNA was correlated signiﬁcantly with the increased human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level (r = 0.628, p < 0.001). Significant reciprocal correlations between cffDNA and babies' birth weight as well as gestation weeks at delivery were noted (r = -0.516, p = 0.001; r = -0.623, p < 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity and speciﬁcity of cffDNA to discriminate between the EOPE cases and the controls were 90% and 85%, respectively. CffDNA is a potential marker for EOPE, which had a significant reciprocal correlation with babies' birth weight and gestation weeks at delivery. Moreover, it may help in indicating the underlying hypoxic condition in the placenta.
Medicinal Chemistry of Aminocyclitols (2010)

Aminocyclitols comprise an important group of compounds with remarkable biological activities. From a structural standpoint, aminocyclitols are amino polyhydroxy cycloalkanes that can be found in nature in several families of natural products. Among them, the aminoglycoside antibiotics, since the discovery of streptomycin, have become particularly relevant at the forefront of the antibacterial treatment. Another group of aminocyclitols, generally referred to as aminocarbasugars, have been found as key structural components of some families of alkaloids that have evolved as suitable leads for the development of potent glycosidase inhibitors with a vast array of applications in medicinal chemistry, both as therapeutically useful agents as well as valuable pharmacological tools. On the other hand, the aminocyclitol moiety has been used by medicinal chemists as a versatile scaffold in drug design. Thus, in the antiviral arena, it is found as the key component of several families of carbocyclic nucleoside analogues, designed as metabolically stable surrogates of the natural nucleosides. Finally, in a still relatively unexplored area, some aminocyclitol derivatives are being used as key components of artificial receptors for which promising applications in drug research can be envisaged. In all cases, the development of the modern regio- and stereoselective synthetic methodologies enables a large variety of stereochemically defined aminocyclitol analogues in order to study in depth the influence of this moiety on the structure-activity relationships from a given lead.
Disruption of interfascicular fiber differentiation in an Arabidopsis mutant. (1997)

Arabidopsis develops interfascicular fibers in stems for needed support of shoots. To study the molecular mechanisms controlling fiber differentiation, we isolated an interfascicular fiber mutant (ifl1) by screening ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized Arabidopsis populations. This mutant lacks normal interfascicular fibers in stems. Interestingly, some interfascicular cells were sclerified in the upper parts but not in the basal parts of the ifl1 stems. These sclerified cells were differentiated at a position different from that of interfascicular fibers in the wild type. Lack of interfascicular fibers correlated with a dramatic change of stem strength. Stems of the mutant could not stand erect and were easily broken by bending. Quantitative measurement showed that it took approximately six times less force to break basal stems of the mutant than of the wild type. In addition, noticeable morphological changes were associated with the mutant, including long stems, dark green leaves with delayed senescence, and reduced numbers of cauline leaves and branches. Genetic analysis showed that the ifl1 mutation was monogenic and recessive. The ifl1 locus was mapped to a region between the 17C2 and 7H9L markers on chromosome 5. Isolation of the ifl1 mutant provides a novel means to study the genetic control of fiber differentiation.
Electrical vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic heart failure (2011)

Autonomic dysregulation is a feature of chronic heart failure (HF) and is characterized by a sustained increase of sympathetic drive and by withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. Both sympathetic overdrive and increased heart rate are predictors of poor long-term outcome in patients with HF. Pharmacologic agents that partially inhibit sympathetic activity, such as beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, effectively reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic HF. In contrast, modulation of parasympathetic activation as a potential therapy for HF has received only limited attention because of its inherent complex cardiovascular effects. This review examines results of experimental animal studies that provide support for the possible use of electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic HF. The review also addresses the effects of VNS on potential modifiers of the HF state, including proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide elaboration, and myocardial expression of gap junction proteins. Finally, the safety, feasibility, and efficacy trends of VNS in patients with advanced HF are reviewed.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Febuxostat (TMX‐67), a Non‐Purine Selective Inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase/Xanthine Dehydrogenase (NPSIXO) in Patients with Gout and/or Hyperuricemia (2004)

The diurnal change of sUA and the effect of febuxostat on this change were investigated in 10 patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia. The diurnal sUA change after the last dose during the 4-week treatment phase (20 mg, QD) was almost the same as the pre-treatment value. Considering the dose, the AUC(obs) and Cmax of unchanged drug in patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia were estimated to be similar to those of healthy male adults. The results show that a 6-week treatment with febuxostat is safe and well-tolerated in the target patient population for this drug.
Synthetically Tractable Click Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Formed Using Tetrazine–Norbornene Chemistry (2013)

The implementation of bio-orthogonal click chemistries is a topic of growing importance in the field of biomaterials, as it is enabling the development of increasingly complex hydrogel materials capable of providing dynamic, cell-instructive microenvironments. Here, we introduce the tetrazine-norbornene inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction as a new cross-linking chemistry for the formation of cell laden hydrogels. The fast reaction rate and irreversible nature of this click reaction allowed for hydrogel formation within minutes when a multifunctional PEG-tetrazine macromer was reacted with a dinorbornene peptide. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the polymerization led to high postencapsulation viability of human mesenchymal stem cells, and the specificity of the tetrazine-norbornene reaction was exploited for sequential modification of the network via thiol-ene photochemistry. These advantages, combined with the synthetic accessibility of the tetrazine molecule compared to other bio-orthogonal click reagents, make this cross-linking chemistry an interesting and powerful new tool for the development of cell-instructive hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.
Direct Interaction of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase and Caveolin-1 Inhibits Synthase Activity (1997)

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and caveolin-1 are associated within endothelial plasmalemmal caveolae. It is not known, however, whether eNOS and caveolin-1 interact directly or indirectly or whether the interaction affects eNOS activity. To answer these questions, we have cloned the bovine caveolin-1 cDNA and have investigated the eNOS-caveolin-1 interaction in an in vitro binding assay system using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-caveolin-1 fusion proteins and baculovirus-expressed bovine eNOS. We have also mapped the domains involved in the interaction using an in vivo yeast two-hybrid system. Results obtained using both in vitro and in vivo protein interaction assays show that both N- and C-terminal cytosolic domains of caveolin-1 interact directly with the eNOS oxygenase domain. Interaction of eNOS with GST-caveolin-1 fusion proteins significantly inhibits enzyme catalytic activity. A synthetic peptide corresponding to caveolin-1 residues 82-101 also potently and reversibly inhibits eNOS activity by interfering with the interaction of the enzyme with Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM). Regulation of eNOS in endothelial cells, therefore, may involve not only positive allosteric regulation by Ca2+/CaM, but also negative allosteric regulation by caveolin-1.
Early failure of the tissue engineered porcine heart valve SYNERGRAFT™ in pediatric patients (2003)

The xenogenic collagen matrix of the Synergraft valve elicits a strong inflammatory response in humans which is non-specific early on and is followed by a lymphocyte response. Structural failure or rapid degeneration of the graft occurred within 1 year. Calcific deposits before implantation and incomplete decellularization may indicate manufacturing problems. The porcine Synergraft treated heart valves should not be implanted at this stage and has been stopped.
Predicting the Reactivity of Nitrile-Carrying Compounds with Cysteine: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study (2014)

Here, we report on a mechanistic investigation based on DFT calculations and kinetic measures aimed at determining the energetics related to the cysteine nucleophilic attack on nitrile-carrying compounds. Activation energies were found to correlate well with experimental kinetic measures of reactivity with cysteine in phosphate buffer. The agreement between computations and experiments points to this DFT-based approach as a tool for predicting both nitrile reactivity toward cysteines and the toxicity of nitriles as electrophile agents.
Development of OLED With High Stability and Luminance Efficiency by Co-Doping Methods for Full Color Displays (2004)

We propose co-doping systems in emission layers of red and green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The luminance-voltage, luminous and power efficiency-voltage characteristics, operational stability, and the energy bands of materials were measured. In red OLED devices, we propose an emitting assist (EA) dopant for better luminance efficiency and power efficiency with pure red emission and improved operational stability. The EA dopant (rubrene) did not emit itself but assisted the energy transfer from a host (Alq) to an emitting dopant (DCJTB). By doping rubrene, the luminance efficiency increased from 1.7 to 4.3 cd/A (from 0.6 to 1.9 lm/W) with chromaticity of (x=0.64, y=0.36) unchanged. An improved lifetime was also observed. In green OLED devices, we introduced hole transporting material (NPB) into an emission layer for better charge injection balance. The green devices with the emitting dopant (C545T) achieved the luminance efficiency of 8.5 cd/A compared with 6.9 cd/A without NPB. We studied the co-doping methods and use of this approach for active-matrix full color display. The power consumption of white emission at 100 cd/m/sup 2/ was reduced by 32%. The effectiveness of these co-doping methods was demonstrated for practical applications.
Heterodyne Spectroscopy in the Thermal Infrared Region: A Window on Physics and Chemistry (2004)

The thermal infrared region contains molecular bands of many of the most important species in gaseous astronomical sources. True shapes and frequencies of emission and absorption spectral lines from these constituents of planetary and stellar atmospheres contain unique information on local temperature and abundance distribution, non-thermal effects, composition, local dynamics and winds. Heterodyne spectroscopy in the thermal infrared can remotely measure true line shapes in relatively cool and thin regions and enable the retrieval of detailed information about local physics and chemistry. The concept and techniques for heterodyne detection will be discussed including examples of thermal infrared photomixers and instrumentation used in studies of several astronomical sources. Use of heterodyne detection to study non-LTE phenomena, planetary aurora, minor planetary species and gas velocities (winds) will be discussed. A discussion of future technological developments and relation to space flight missions will be addressed.
Delayed hypersensitivity in mice infected with reovirus. II. Induction of tolerance and suppressor T cells to viral specific gene products. (1980)

Abstract We have found that route of inoculation and viral infectivity determine the ability of mice to generate immunocompetent T cells able to mediate in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against reovirus. DTH reactivity is present when live virus is administered by the subcutaneous (s.c), i.p., i.v. routes and when ultraviolet (UV) inactivated virus is administered by the s.c. or i.p. routes. However, no DTH responses are elicited when UV-inactivated virus is administered by the i.v. route. The lack of DTH reactivity (tolerance) is due to active suppression and involves the generation of suppressor T cells, since 1) simultaneous administration of UV-inactivated virus by the i.v. route and live virus by the s.c. route prevents the induction of DTH reactivity, and 2) adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that spleen cells from tolerant animals prevent the induction of DTH reactivity in animals immunized with live virus by the s.c. route. These suppressor cells are T cells, since their ability to suppress DTH reactivity is abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and C. Tolerance to reovirus as measured by DTH reactivity is serotype-specific. Using appropriate recombinant viral clones, it was demonstrated that serotype-specific tolerance and suppressor T cells are a property of the viral hemagglutinin, the viral protein that also determines serotype-specific humoral and cytolytic T cell responses.
Production of a Cytotoxin by Helicobacter pylori (1991)

Helicobacter pylori produces a cytotoxin that was initially detected as the ability of broth culture filtrates of this bacterium to induce intracellular vacuolation of cultured cells. Fifty-three percent of more than 200 isolates of H. pylori tested produce the cytotoxin, which appears to be unique to H. pylori. Results of characterization studies suggest that the cytotoxin is a high-molecular-weight protein. Detection of serum antibody to the cytotoxin by neutralization or immunoblotting indicates that this toxin is produced in vivo. The cytotoxin is more frequently associated with cases of peptic ulceration than with cases of gastritis; this finding suggests that the toxin contributes to the severity of disease associated with H. pylori infection.
Modelling Mortgage Insurance Claims Experience: A Case Study (1994)

Abstract Mortgage insurance indemnifies a mortage lender against loss on default by the borrower. The sequence of events leading to a claim under this type of insurance is relatively complex, depending not only on the credit worthiness of the borrower but also on a number of external economic factors. Prominent among these external factors are the loan to valuation ratio of the insured loan, the disposable income of the borrower, and movements in property values. A broad theoretical model of the functional dependencies of claim frequency and average claim size on these variables is established in Sections 6 and 7. Section 8 fits these models, extended by other “internal” variables such as the geographic location of the mortgaged property, to a real data set. Section 9 compares the fitted model with the data, and finds an acceptable fit despite extreme fluctuations in the claims experience recorded in the data set.
Early and dynamic changes in gene expression in septic shock patients: a genome-wide approach (2014)

In conclusion, both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, measured at the transcriptomic level, are induced within the very first hours after septic shock. Interestingly, the more severe patients did not exhibit the strongest modulation. This highlights that not only the responses mechanisms by themselves but mainly their early and appropriate regulation are crucial for patient recovery. This reinforces the idea that an immediate and tailored aggressive care of patients, aimed at restoring an appropriately regulated immune response, may have a beneficial impact on the outcome.
Composition and Preliminary Pharmacology Studies with Anvirzelt (2001)

Initial identification and characterization of the major biochemical and biological properties of Anvirzelt, a patented hot-water extract of Nerium oleander, were undertaken using HPLC, LC/MS, and in vitro cell growth inhibition assays. Analyses using high pH anion exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection consistently revealed seven major polysaccharide peaks which were subsequently designated as a “carbohydrate fingerprint.” Analyses of monomer sugar composition revealed glucose and galacturonic acid as major carbohydrate residues, while carbohydrate linkage studies identified gluco-pyranosyl and 6-glucopyranosyl as major terminal carbohydrate residues. Nonpolar compounds were separated from polar components through solid phase extraction and analyzed by both reverse phase HPLC and LC/MS methods. Two nonpolar cytotoxic components, oleandrin and its aglycone, oleandrigenin, were detected. Quantitative analysis showed that the oleander extract contained oleandrin and oleandrigenin at concentr...
c-KIT signaling as the driving oncogenic event in sub-groups of melanomas. (2009)

As we enter the era of targeted therapy for melanoma, attempts are being made to sub-group tumors on the basis of their driving oncogenic mutations, with the hope of developing truly personalized therapeutic regimens. c-KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose aberrant activation is implicated in the progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and some acute myeloid leukemias. The role of c-KIT signaling in melanoma has been controversial; although c-KIT activity is critical to melanocyte development, its expression tends to be lost in most melanomas. Some reports have even shown that the re-expression of c-KIT induces apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. The recent publication of work showing the presence of activating c-KIT mutations in acral and mucosal melanomas, as well as melanomas arising on skin with chronic sun damage, has renewed interest in c-KIT signaling in melanoma. Recent work from our own laboratory has further identified melanomas with constitutive c-KIT signaling activity resulting from c-KIT receptor overexpression. Although the initial clinical trials of the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate in melanoma were negative, some dramatic responses have been seen in patients with very high c-KIT expression and/or documented activating mutations, fostering the belief that focused studies in patients selected on the basis of c-KIT mutational status will yield more encouraging results. The current review discusses the role of c-KIT signaling in melanoma progression and how this new information can be applied to the targeted therapy of melanoma.