gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens when Coadministered with Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192G or CpG DNA (2001)

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancer, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. HPV recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease and are now being evaluated as a parenteral vaccine modality in human subjects. Vaccines formulated for injection generally are more costly, more difficult to administer, and less acceptable to recipients than are mucosally administered vaccines. Since oral delivery represents an attractive alternative to parenteral injection for large-scale human vaccination, the oral immunogenicity of HPV type 11 (HPV-11) VLPs in mice was previously investigated; it was found that a modest systemic neutralizing antibody response was induced (R. C. Rose, C. Lane, S. Wilson, J. A. Suzich, E. Rybicki, and A. L. Williamson, Vaccine 17:2129-2135, 1999). Here we examine whether VLPs of other genotypes may also be immunogenic when administered orally and whether mucosal adjuvants can be used to enhance VLP oral immunogenicity. We show that HPV-16 and HPV-18 VLPs are immunogenic when administered orally and that oral coadministration of these antigens with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) mutant R192G (LT R192G) or CpG DNA can significantly improve anti-VLP humoral responses in peripheral blood and in genital mucosal secretions. Our results also suggest that LT R192G may be superior to CpG DNA in this ability. These findings support the concept of oral immunization against anogenital HPV disease and suggest that clinical studies involving this approach may be warranted.
Characterising exoplanets and their environment with UV transmission spectroscopy (2015)

Exoplanet science is now in its full expansion, particularly after the CoRoT and Kepler space missions that led us to the discovery of thousands of extra-solar planets. The last decade has taught us that UV observations play a major role in advancing our understanding of planets and of their host stars, but the necessary UV observations can be carried out only by HST, and this is going to be the case for many years to come. It is therefore crucial to build a treasury data archive of UV exoplanet observations formed by a dozen "golden systems" for which observations will be available from the UV to the infrared. Only in this way we will be able to fully exploit JWST observations for exoplanet science, one of the key JWST science case.
Dicer-Dependent MicroRNAs Control Maturation, Function, and Maintenance of Langerhans Cells In Vivo (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the induction of T cell immunity and tolerance. Fundamental for DCs to control the immune system is their differentiation from precursors into various DC subsets with distinct functions and locations in lymphoid organs and tissues. In contrast to the differentiation of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and their seeding into the epidermis, LC maturation, turnover, and MHC class II Ag presentation capacities are strictly dependent on the presence of Dicer, which generates mature microRNAs (miRNAs). Absence of miRNAs caused a strongly disturbed steady-state homeostasis of LCs by increasing their turnover and apoptosis rate, leading to progressive ablation of LCs with age. The failure to maintain LCs populating the epidermis was accompanied by a proapoptotic gene expression signature. Dicer-deficient LCs showed largely increased cell sizes and reduced expression levels of the C-type lectin receptor Langerin, resulting in the lack of Birbeck granules. In addition, LCs failed to properly upregulate MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 surface molecules upon stimulation, which are critical hallmarks of functional DC maturation. This resulted in inefficient induction of CD4 T cell proliferation, whereas Dicer-deficient LCs could properly stimulate CD8 T cells. Taken together, Dicer-dependent generation of miRNAs affects homeostasis and function of epidermal LCs.
Inhibitory Effects of Bile Acids and Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists on Rotavirus Replication (2011)

Rotaviruses (group A rotaviruses) are the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. Currently, an antiviral drug is not available and information on therapeutic targets for antiviral development is limited for rotavirus infection. Previously, it was shown that lipid homeostasis is important in rotavirus replication. Since farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its natural ligands bile acids (such as chenodeoxycholic acid [CDCA]) play major roles in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis, we examined the effects of bile acids and synthetic FXR agonists on rotavirus replication in association with cellular lipid levels. In a mouse model of rotavirus infection, effects of oral administration of CDCA on fecal rotavirus shedding were investigated. The results demonstrate the following. First, the intracellular contents of triglycerides were significantly increased by rotavirus infection. Second, CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and other synthetic FXR agonists, such as GW4064, significantly reduced rotavirus replication in cell culture in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction of virus replication correlated positively with activation of the FXR pathway and reduction of cellular triglyceride contents (r(2) = 0.95). Third, oral administration of CDCA significantly reduced fecal virus shedding in mice (P < 0.05). We conclude that bile acids and FXR agonists play important roles in the suppression of rotavirus replication. The inhibition mechanism is proposed to be the downregulation of lipid synthesis induced by rotavirus infection.
Radioimmunotherapy for Acute Leukemia (2002)

Radiolabeled antibodies can be administered safely to patients with advanced leukemias and have significant antileukemic activity. Radiolabeled antibodies can potentially intensify the antileukemic effects of conditioning regimens when used in conjunction with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Whether or not radiolabeled antibodies improve the outcome of patients with leukemia remains to be demonstrated by randomized studies.
The minimal conserved transcription stop-start signal promotes stable expression of a foreign gene in vesicular stomatitis virus (1996)

A new transcription unit was generated in the 3' noncoding region of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein gene by introducing the smallest conserved sequence found at each VSV gene junction. This sequence was introduced into a DNA copy of the VSV genome from which infectious VSV can be derived. It contained an 11-nucleotide putative transcription stop/polyadenylation signal for the glycoprotein mRNA, an intergenic dinucleotide, and a 10-nucleotide putative transcription start sequence preceding a downstream foreign gene encoding the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Infectious recombinant VSV was recovered from this construct and was found to express high levels of functional chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mRNA and protein. The recombinant virus grew to wild-type titers of 5 x 10(9)/ml, and expression of the foreign gene was completely stable for at least 15 passages involving 10(6)-fold expansion at each passage. These results define functionally the transcription stop/polyadenylation and start sequences for VSV and also illustrate the utility of VSV as a stable vector that should have wide application in cell biology and vaccine development.
Transfemoral insertion of a bifurcated endovascular graft for aortic aneurysm repair: the first 22 patients (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and optimize a system of transfemoral bifurcated graft insertion for endovascular repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Grafts were inserted through bilateral femoral arteriotomies in 22 patients. Placement was guided by fluoroscopy. Results were assessed by completion angiography, with computed tomography scanning or duplex ultrasonography at 1, 3 and 6 months. The first 11 insertions were complicated by failed insertion in two cases, proximal leakage in one, graft limb thrombosis in five and wound infection in one. The second 11 insertions were complicated by retrograde leakage around the distal graft orifice in two patients. One of these was associated with aneurysm rupture, leading to the sole mortality of the series. There were no instances of graft migration or embolism. In conclusion, the lessons learned during the first 11 insertions were responsible for the improved results apparent in the second 11 insertions. When applied in properly selected patients, transfemoral insertion of a bifurcated graft is a reliable method of isolating an aortic aneurysm from the circulation.
Dip Pen Nanolithography of Conductive Silver Traces (2010)

We report the first demonstration of subμm, sub-50-μΩ·cm conductive traces directly written by Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN). We achieved subμm Ag lines with 28.8 μΩ·cm average resistivity after direct-write printing from a silver nanoparticle-based ink suspension and annealing at 150 °C for 10 min. This compares to Ag bulk resistivity of 1.63 μΩ·cm, where the difference is within the range of previously reported variations in conductivity of Ag-based inks due to annealing conditions and larger width scales. We leveraged DPN’s ability to directly place materials at specific locations in order to fabricate and characterize these conductive silver (Ag) traces on electrode patterns and multiple substrates (SiO2, Kapton, mica). The low viscosity of the AgNP ink solution allowed write speeds up to 1600 μm/s, almost 4 orders of magnitude higher than typical thiol-on-gold DPN writing speeds. This direct-write methodology paves the way for site-specific deposition of metallic materials for use in applications such as circuit repair, sensor element functionalization, failure analysis, gas sensing, and printable electronics.
An approach to realism in field ion microscopy via zone electropolishing (1984)

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Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules from hypoxia-induced mitochondrial injury (2000)

We have further examined the mechanisms for a severe mitochondrial energetic deficit, deenergization, and impaired respiration in complex I that develop in kidney proximal tubules during hypoxia-reoxygenation, and their prevention and reversal by supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) + aspartate. The abnormalities preceded the mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c loss. Anaerobic metabolism of alpha-KG + aspartate generated ATP and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential. Other citric-acid cycle intermediates that can promote anaerobic metabolism (malate and fumarate) were also effective singly or in combination with alpha-KG. Succinate, the end product of these anaerobic pathways that can bypass complex I, was not protective when provided only during hypoxia. However, during reoxygenation, succinate also rescued the tubules, and its benefit, like that of alpha-KG + malate, persisted after the extra substrate was withdrawn. Thus proximal tubules can be salvaged from hypoxia-reoxygenation mitochondrial injury by both anaerobic metabolism of citric-acid cycle intermediates and aerobic metabolism of succinate. These results bear on the understanding of a fundamental mode of mitochondrial dysfunction during tubule injury and on strategies to prevent and reverse it.
HOBT immobilized on macroporous polystyrene beads: a useful reagent for the synthesis of amides (1998)

Polymer-supported 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (P-HOBT), prepared from macroporous polystyrene beads, was used to synthesize amides from primary and secondary amines.
Optimization of ethylene glycol production from (d)-xylose via a synthetic pathway implemented in Escherichia coli (2015)

We have demonstrated the feasibility to produce EG from (D)-xylose via a synthetic pathway in E. coli at approximately 90 % of the theoretical yield.
ELiXIR-Solid-State Luminaire With Enhanced Light Extraction by Internal Reflection (2007)

A phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pcLED) luminaire featuring enhanced light extraction by internal reflection (ELiXIR) with efficacy of 60 lm/W producing 18 lumens of yellowish green light at 100 mA is presented. The luminaire consists of a commercial blue high power LED, a polymer hemispherical shell lens with interior phosphor coating, and planar aluminized reflector. High extraction efficiency of the phosphor-converted light is achieved by separating the phosphor from the LED and using internal reflection to steer the light away from lossy reflectors and the LED package and out of the device. At 10 and 500mA, the luminaire produces 2.1 and 66 lumens with efficacies of 80 and 37 lm/W, respectively. Technological improvements over existing commercial LEDs, such as more efficient pcLED packages or, alternatively, higher efficiency green or yellow for color mixing, will be essential to achieving 150-200 lm/W solid-state lighting. Advances in both areas are demonstrated
Strategies for Rapid Deconvolution of Combinatorial Libraries:  Comparative Evaluation Using a Model System (1997)

Synthesis and testing of complex mixtures maximize the number of compounds that can be prepared and tested in a combinatorial library. When mixtures of compounds are screened, however, the identity of the compound(s) selected may depend on the deconvolution procedure employed. Previously, we developed a model system for evaluation of deconvolution procedures and used it to compare pooling strategies for iterative and noniterative deconvolution [Freier et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 344-352]. We have now extended the model studies to include simulations of procedures with overlapping subsets such as subtractive pooling [Carell et al. Angew, Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2061-2064], bogus coin pooling [Blake and Litzi-Davis. Bioconjugate Chem. 1992, 3, 510-513], and orthogonal pooling [D'Prez et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5405-5406]. These strategies required synthesis and testing of fewer subsets than did the more traditional nonoverlapping iterative strategies. The compounds identified using simulations of these strategies, however, were not the most active compounds in the library and were substantially less active than those identified by simulations of more traditional strategies.
Evaluation of a new brachytherapy iodine‐125 source by AAPM TG43 formalism (1998)

Dosimetric measurements were performed to characterize a new 125I source that is similar in design to existing sources and that has application in interstitial brachytherapy. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in phantom to measure transverse-axis and angular dose profiles over a range of distances from 0.5 to 7 cm. The data were analyzed in terms of parameters recommended by AAPM Task Group #43. Tabular data evaluated in liquid water are provided for the dose-rate constant, lambda, radial dose function, g(r), the anisotropy function, F(r, theta), the anisotropy factor, phi an(r), the point-source approximation anisotropy constant, phi an, and the point-source average dose rate times the square of distance for unit air kerma strength, r2D(r). The new source is compared to the model 6702 125I source design, demonstrating similar dose-rate constant, lambda, and radial dose function, g(r). Differences in the anisotropy of the dose distributions are discussed. Finally, a comparison of the radial dose distribution is made between liquid water and tissue equivalent materials.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Water-Soluble Progesterone-Conjugated Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hormone Related Cancers (2011)

Progesterone receptor (PR) is strongly associated with disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in hormone-related diseases such as endometriosis and breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Receptor status is currently determined by immunohistochemistry assays. However, noninvasive PR imaging agents could improve disease detection and help elucidate pathological molecular pathways, leading to new therapies and animal disease models. A series of water-soluble PR-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes were synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. These agents demonstrated activation of PR in vitro and preferential accumulation in PR(+) compared to PR(-) human breast cancer cells with low toxicity. In xenograft tumor models, the agents demonstrated enhanced signal intensity in PR(+) tumors compared to PR(-) tumors. The results suggest that these agents may be promising MRI probes for PR(+) diseases.
FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties, and antitumor activity. (1994)

A novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide, FR901228, was isolated from a broth culture of Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968 as colorless prisms and the molecular formula was determined as C24H36N4O6S2. This antibiotic reverted the transformed morphology of a Ha-ras transformant to normal, and exhibited prominent antitumor activities against murine and human tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.
Detection of mercury vapor using resonating microcantilevers (1995)

Oscillating silicon nitride microcantilevers coated with a thin gold film have been used to detect mercury vapor in air. Cantilever resonance frequency changes due to surface mass loading as a result of adsorption of mercury vapor. Furthermore, cantilever bending is also altered due to changes in surface stress induced by mercury adsorption on the gold overlayer. Both of these phenomena can be used to quantitatively detect adsorbed vapors with picogram mass resolution.
Cancer Vaccine Design: A Novel Bacterial Adjuvant for Peptide-Specific CTL Induction (2001)

The recent identification of tumor Ags as potential vaccines has prompted the search for efficient adjuvants and delivery systems, especially in the case of peptide-based vaccination protocols. Here, we investigated the adjuvant potential of the recombinant 40-kDa outer membrane protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae (P40) for specific CTL induction. We studied the CTL response induced in HLA-A*0201/K(b) transgenic mice immunized with peptides derived from two melanoma-associated differentiation Ags, the HLA-A*0201-restricted decapeptide Melan-A(26--35) substituted at position 2 and the K(b)-restricted tyrosinase-related protein 2(181--188) T cell epitope. We found that both peptides are able to generate a specific CTL response when mixed with the protein in the absence of conventional adjuvant. This CTL response is a function of the amount of P40 used for immunization. Moreover, the CTL response generated against the tyrosinase-related protein 2(181-188) peptide in presence of P40 is associated with tumor protection in two different experimental models and is independent of the presence of CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Thus, the recombinant bacterial protein P40 functions as a potent immunological adjuvant for specific CTL induction.
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Treatment (2011)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes 40% mortality in approximately 200,000 critically ill patients annually in the United States. ARDS is caused by protein-rich pulmonary edema that causes severe hypoxemia and impaired carbon dioxide excretion. The clinical disorders associated with the development of ARDS include sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. The lung injury is caused primarily by neutrophil-dependent and platelet-dependent damage to the endothelial and epithelial barriers of the lung. Resolution is delayed because of injury to the lung epithelial barrier, which prevents removal of alveolar edema fluid and deprives the lung of adequate quantities of surfactant. Lymphocytes may play a role in resolution of lung injury. Mortality has been markedly reduced with a lung-protective ventilatory strategy. However, there is no effective pharmacologic therapy, although cell-based therapy and other therapies currently being tested in clinical trials may provide novel treatments for ARDS.
Structure of a chromosomal gene for human interferon β (1981)

We have cloned and analyzed a chromosomal DNA segment containing the human interferon beta(1) gene from a human gene library. The nucleotide sequence of the protein-coding and the noncoding regions of the chromosomal gene was identical to the cDNA sequence reported previously. In the region upstream from the putative transcription initiation site, significant nucleotide sequence homology was observed between interferon beta(1) and alpha(1) genes. This region thus may play a role in expression of the interferon genes. From the sequence data and the result of nuclease S1 mapping experiments, we conclude that, like the interferon alpha(1) gene, the interferon beta(1) gene is devoid of intervening sequences.
Percutaneous Radio-Frequency Neurotomy for Chronic Cervical Zygapophyseal-Joint Pain (1996)

In patients with chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain confirmed with double-blind, placebo-controlled local anesthesia, percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy with multiple lesions of target nerves can provide lasting relief.
Effects of differentiation‐inducing agents on maturation of human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells (1990)

The effects of the differentiation inducing agents (DIAS), sodium butyrate (NaBu), retinoic acid (RA), dimethylformamide (DMF), hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), forskolin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the growth, morphology, and estrogen receptor (ER) content and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression on a serumless human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were compared. All these agents reversibly caused a concentration-dependent growth inhibition in monolayers and markedly reduced colony-forming efficiency in soft agar. A twofold increase in doubling time was obtained with RA (1 microM), but cell replication ceased with NaBu (1 mM), forskolin (50 microM), DMF (1%), HMBA (5 mM), and TPA (8 nM). Total growth arrest induced by these last compounds was preceded by an accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase observed at 24 h by flow cytometry and accompanied by a change in cell morphology as seen by light and electronic microscopy. An increase in cell volume and the presence of lipid droplets was noted in treated cells that were spread out, as compared with controls. The acquisition of a more mature phenotype was confirmed by an increased expression of EMA monitored by flow cytometry. A specific reduction in the number of ER without any constant dissociation (Kd) modification was also observed after treatment with the 5 DIAs. No modification of morphological or biochemical characteristics, including EMA expression and ER binding, were observed for RA (1 microM)-treated cells. All these results suggest that induction of a more differentiated phenotype is associated with a block in G1 cell cycle phase, resulting in total growth arrest. Apparently, RA (1 microM)-treated cells did not fulfill these criteria, since only a slight accumulation in G1 and a slowed growth rate were evaluated.
Biologically active derivatives of gossypol: synthesis and antimalarial activities of peri-acylated gossylic nitriles (1986)

A series of peri-acylated gossylic nitriles were synthesized from gossypol dioxime by treatment of the dioxime with the appropriate acid anhydride and its salt. The reaction pathway was elucidated by isolation and characterization of intermediates. Peri-acylated gossylic nitriles (acyl = acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, and valeryl) were compared with gossypol for activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The gossylic nitriles all retain activity, with activity increasing with the length of the peri-acyl group. Gossylic nitrile 1,1'-divalerate shows antimalarial activity comparable to gossypol itself. The peri-acylated gossylic nitriles are strong inhibitors of parasite lactate dehydrogenase.