gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engagement of αvβ3 Integrin Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatic Stellate Cells (2004)

Hepatic stellate cells are the major source of the extracellular matrix that accumulates in fibrotic liver. During progressive liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells proliferate, but during resolution of fibrosis there is extensive stellate cell apoptosis that coincides with degradation of the liver scar. We have examined the possibility that the fate of stellate cells is influenced by the extracellular matrix through the intermediary of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. alpha(v)beta(3) integrin was expressed by activated, myofibroblastic rat and human stellate cells in culture. Antagonism of this integrin using neutralizing antibodies, echistatin, or small inhibitory RNA to silence alpha(v) subunit expression inhibited stellate cell proliferation and their expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and activated forms of p44 and p42 MAPK. These alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists also increased apoptosis of cultured stellate cells, and this was associated with an increase in the BAX/BCL-2 protein ratio, induction of nuclear DNA fragmentation, and activation of intracellular caspase-3. Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 by activated stellate cells was reduced by the alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists, while matrix metalloproteinase-9 synthesis was enhanced. Stellate cells incubated with active recombinant matrix metalloproteinase-9 showed enhanced apoptosis, while cells treated with a synthetic inhibitor of this protease showed increased survival. Our studies suggest that alpha(v)beta(3) integrin regulates the fate of hepatic stellate cells. Degradation of alpha(v)beta(3) ligands surrounding activated stellate cells during resolution of liver fibrosis might decrease alpha(v)beta(3) integrin ligation, suppressing stellate cell proliferation and inducing a fibrolytic, matrix metalloproteinase-secreting phenotype that may prime stellate cells for apoptosis.
Reduced Risk of Large-Bowel Adenomas Among Aspirin Users (1993)

These data further support the hypothesis that aspirin has an antineoplastic effect in the large bowel. Nevertheless, the question of whether aspirin should be used to prevent large-bowel tumors would be best answered by a randomized controlled clinical trial specifically designed to address this issue.
Raf-1 sets the threshold of Fas sensitivity by modulating Rok-α signaling (2005)

Ablation of the Raf-1 protein causes fetal liver apoptosis, embryonic lethality, and selective hypersensitivity to Fas-induced cell death. Furthermore, Raf-1-deficient cells show defective migration as a result of the deregulation of the Rho effector kinase Rok-alpha. In this study, we show that the kinase-independent modulation of Rok-alpha signaling is also the basis of the antiapoptotic function of Raf-1. Fas activation stimulates the formation of Raf-1-Rok-alpha complexes, and Rok-alpha signaling is up-regulated in Raf-1-deficient cells. This leads to increased clustering and membrane expression of Fas, which is rescued both by kinase-dead Raf-1 and by interfering with Rok-alpha or its substrate ezrin. Increased Fas clustering and membrane expression are also evident in the livers of Raf-1-deficient embryos, and genetically reducing Fas expression counteracts fetal liver apoptosis, embryonic lethality, and the apoptotic defects of embryonic fibroblasts. Thus, Raf-1 has an essential function in regulating Fas expression and setting the threshold of Fas sensitivity during embryonic life.
Methods for Measurement and Statistical Analysis of the Frangibility of Strengthened Glass (2015)

Chemically strengthened glass features a surface compression and a balancing central tension (CT) in the interior of the glass. A greater CT is usually associated with a higher level of stored elastic energy in the glass. During a fracture event, release of a greater amount of stored energy can lead to frangibility, i.e., shorter crack branching distances, smaller fragment size, and ejection of small fragments from the glass. In this paper, the frangibility and fragmentation behaviors of a series of chemically strengthened glass samples are studied using two different manual testing methods and an automated tester. Both immediate and delayed fracture events were observed. A statistical method is proposed to determine the probability of frangible fracture for glasses ion exchanged under a specific set of conditions, and analysis is performed to understand the dependence of frangibility probability on sample thickness, CT, and testing method. We also propose a more rigorous set of criteria for qualifying frangibility.
Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation: What, How, and Why? (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been emerging as promising multifunctional materials and have shown particularly useful applications for gas storage and separation. We have briefly outlined the early development of this very active research field to provide us a clear picture on what are MOFs and how the research endeavor has been initiated and explored. Following that, we have demonstrated why MOFs are so unique for gas storage and separation: high porosities, tunable framework structures, and immobilized functional sites to fully make use of pore space for gas storage, to optimize their sieving effects, and to differentiate their interactions with gas molecules. Finally, we have provided a perspective on further development of porous MOFs for gas storage and separation.
Quercetin Inhibits Angiogenesis Mediated Human Prostate Tumor Growth by Targeting VEGFR- 2 Regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K Signaling Pathways (2012)

Angiogenesis is a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of cancers, since it enables the growing tumor to receive oxygen and nutrients. Cancer prevention using natural products has become an integral part of cancer control. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of quercetin using ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro models. Rat aortic ring assay showed that quercetin at non-toxic concentrations significantly inhibited microvessel sprouting and exhibited a significant inhibition in the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are key events in the process of angiogenesis. Most importantly, quercetin treatment inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis as revealed by chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) and matrigel plug assay. Western blot analysis showed that quercetin suppressed VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and their downstream protein kinases AKT, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase in HUVECs. Quercetin (20 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors in prostate xenograft mouse model, indicating that quercetin inhibited tumorigenesis by targeting angiogenesis. Furthermore, quercetin reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which were correlated with the downregulation of AKT, mTOR and P70S6K expressions. Collectively the findings in the present study suggest that quercetin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-R2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway, and could be used as a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy.
Range image acquisition of objects with non-uniform albedo using structured light range sensor (2002)

We present an approach to acquisition of range images of objects with non-uniform albedo using a structured light sensor. The main idea is to systematically vary the intensity of the light projector and to form high dynamic scale radiance maps. The range images are then formed from these radiance maps. We tested the method on the objects which have surfaces with very different reflectance properties. We demonstrate that the range images obtained from the high dynamic scale radiance maps are of much better quality, than those obtained directly from the original images of a limited dynamic scale.
Bcl11a Controls Flt3 Expression in Early Hematopoietic Progenitors and Is Required for pDC Development In Vivo (2013)

Bcl11a is a transcription factor known to regulate lymphoid and erythroid development. Recent bioinformatic analysis of global gene expression patterns has suggested a role for Bcl11a in the development of dendritic cell (DC) lineages. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the development of DC and other lineages in Bcl11a (-/-) mice. We found that Bcl11a was required for expression of IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) and Flt3 in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, we found severely decreased numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in Bcl11a (-/-) fetal livers and in the bone marrow of Bcl11a (-/-) fetal liver chimeras. Moreover, Bcl11a (-/-) cells showed severely impaired in vitro development of Flt3L-derived pDCs and classical DCs (cDCs). In contrast, we found normal in vitro development of DCs from Bcl11a (-/-) fetal liver cells treated with GM-CSF. These results suggest that the persistent cDC development observed in Bcl11a (-/-) fetal liver chimeras reflects derivation from a Bcl11a- and Flt3-independent pathway in vivo.
Synthesis of homocysteine thiolactone by methionyl‐tRNA synthetase in cultured mammalian cells (1993)

Homocysteine thiolactone is a product of an error-editing reaction, catalyzed by Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae methionyl-tRNA synthetases, which prevents incorporation of homocysteine into tRNA and protein both in vitro and in vivo. Here, homocysteine thiolactone is also shown to be synthesized by cultured mammalian cells such as human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), mouse renal adenocarcinoma (RAG), and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells labeled with [35S]methionine, but not by normal human and mouse (Balb/c 3T3) fibroblasts. A temperature-sensitive methionyl-tRNA synthetase mutant of CHO cells, Met-1, does not make the thiolactone at the non-permissive temperature. The data indicate that methionyl-tRNA synthase is involved in synthesis of homocysteine thiolactone in CHO cells, thereby extending this important proofreading mechanism to mammalian cells.
Star of the Parthenon, Cypriot Mélange: Education and Representation in Colonial Cyprus (1997)

This article examines Greek Cypriot and colonial British school architecture in Cyprus during the British colonial period (1878-1960). When seen in their educational and political context, these school buildings can be seen as opposing representations of nationalist and imperialist ideologies. An introduction on representation in writing history is followed by a theoretical and comparative discussion of colonial and nationalist education policies and the use of architecture to construct and display political ideology. After some historical background on education policies in colonial Cyprus, the two main sections of the article discuss the classicizing Hellenic school architecture built by the Greek Cypriots ('Star of the Parthenon'), and the dehellenized pseudo-vernacular school buildings favoured by the British ('Cypriot melange'). By investigating the social and political context of the people designing and using these school buildings, this article demonstrates the dynamic and highly emotive links that connect architecture, education and political ideology.
A novel mobile robot localization based on vision (2007)

It is very important for mobile robot to correctly and fleetly locate. With the development of the theory and arithmetic of computer vision, vision navigation has become an important research direction in airmanship of mobile robot. In the paper, localization based on landmark is researched by using the camera of mobile robot on the basis of traditional localization method. A novel mobile robot localization based on vision is presented by using multi-sensor data fusion. It is showed from experiment data that the new localization method has better performance.
Retroviral Vectors Aimed at the Gene Therapy of Human β‐Globin Gene Disordersa (1998)

We are focusing on the development of complex retroviral vectors containing human beta-globin gene and beta-LCR for the gene therapy of sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemias. First generation vectors containing mutated splice-sites to insure stability of proviral transfer enabled long-term reconstitution in 10/12 transplanted mice for a least 8 months with high expression levels in 2 out of 3 mice analyzed (5% and 20% murine beta). Transfer and expression were also achieved in secondary recipients (range: 3-11% murine beta). Position independent expression was not observed. In an effort to increase the efficiency of gene transfer and obtain complete reconstitution of recipient mice with exclusively transduced cells while enriching for proviral integration into active chromatin regions, we have incorporated a cassette expressing CD24 or the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Stable transfer to murine bone marrow cells allowed efficient FACS-sorting of pure populations of transduced cells. A family of vectors based on these principles and containing segments of gamma- or delta-globin genes were also designed for systematic analysis of their anti-sickling properties.
Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restoration (2018)

Many classic methods have shown non-local self-similarity in natural images to be an effective prior for image restoration. However, it remains unclear and challenging to make use of this intrinsic property via deep networks. In this paper, we propose a non-local recurrent network (NLRN) as the first attempt to incorporate non-local operations into a recurrent neural network (RNN) for image restoration. The main contributions of this work are: (1) Unlike existing methods that measure self-similarity in an isolated manner, the proposed non-local module can be flexibly integrated into existing deep networks for end-to-end training to capture deep feature correlation between each location and its neighborhood. (2) We fully employ the RNN structure for its parameter efficiency and allow deep feature correlation to be propagated along adjacent recurrent states. This new design boosts robustness against inaccurate correlation estimation due to severely degraded images. (3) We show that it is essential to maintain a confined neighborhood for computing deep feature correlation given degraded images. This is in contrast to existing practice that deploys the whole image. Extensive experiments on both image denoising and super-resolution tasks are conducted. Thanks to the recurrent non-local operations and correlation propagation, the proposed NLRN achieves superior results to state-of-the-art methods with much fewer parameters.
Nrf2 degron-fused reporter system: a new tool for specific evaluation of Nrf2 inducers (2011)

The transcription factor Nrf2 is degraded through the proteasome pathway, but is stabilized in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses, and activates cytoprotective enzyme genes through binding to the antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE). Nrf2 inducers thus have considerable potential as therapeutic drugs. Although ARE-driven reporters are commonly employed to validate Nrf2 inducers, these reporters are relatively nonspecific. We have generated a new reporter, Nrf2d-LacZ, which may prove to be a better tool for validation of Nrf2 inducers. We made the Nrf2d-LacZ reporter by fusing the N-terminus of Nrf2 harboring a Neh2 degron to β-galactosidase (LacZ), and compared its activity in immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) with conventional ARE-luciferase (ARE-Luc) reporters in 293T cells, and in MEFs. Nrf2d-LacZ was degraded in unstressed conditions, but stabilized upon exposure to stresses. LacZ activity was induced by electrophiles in a dose-dependent manner, and the induction was detected much more rapidly compared with ARE-Luc. Nrf2d-LacZ was activated not only by electrophiles but also by a variety of other Nrf2 inducing stresses. Although ARE-Luc was activated by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in an Nrf2-independent manner, Nrf2d-LacZ was not activated by TPA, thus emphasizing the specificity of the Nrf2d-LacZ reporter system for validation of Nrf2 inducers.
Manufacturing Clinical Grade Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Using Invertebrate Cell Lines (2017)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are proving to be a reliable gene transfer system for several clinical applications, with an increasing body of evidence supporting safety and efficacy. Realizing the clinical and commercial potential of rAAV depends on a reliable source of high-quality, well-characterized rAAV lots. This requirement has been very challenging to achieve due to limits of manufacturing platforms, lot-to-lot variability, or differences in the rigor applied to quality-control assays. In addition to reliable, high-quality vectors, limited quantities of rAAV have hampered clinical development and discouraged investigations into applications that require large therapeutic doses or quantities needed to treat large patient populations. A minimal number of vector production runs should be sufficient to support all phases of clinical development, including non-clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies, as well as clinical studies and commercial supply. The production platform using the Sf9 invertebrate cell line has emerged as a scalable and economical source of rAAV. Access to larger quantities of rAAV has now enabled evaluation of gene therapeutics for diseases that require large doses per patient or diseases with large patient populations. The only licensed rAAV product, Glybera, was produced in Sf9 cells, and other rAAV products are in clinical trials in the United States and Europe. The development of the Sf9 rAAV genetics, processes, and overview of the current system are described.
Optical add/drop multiplexer based on UV-writtenBragg grating in a fused 100% coupler (1997)

The authors report the first realisation of a simple and stable optical add/drop multiplexer based on a UV-written Bragg grating in the coupling region of a fused 100% coupler. Add/drop functions are demonstrated with a low insertion loss (&lt;1 dB).
Interferon-Albumin Conjugate with Conserved Biological Activity (1981)

The heterobifunctional reagent N-succinilimidyl 3-(2-pyridylthio)propionate (SPDP) was used for the preparation of a disulphide-linked conjugate between Namalwa lymphoblastoid interferon and serum albumin. The linkage of interferon to albumin did not reduce the ability to protect MDBK cells against infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The conjugate did not dissociate into free interferon and albumin under conditions prevailing in the assay for interferon activity. The rate of clearance of the interferon-albumin conjugate from the mouse circulatory system was somewhat slower than that of free interferon.
Characterization of Interfaces of Directly Bonded Silicon Wafers: A Comparative Study of Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy Multiple Internal Reflection Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (1996)

The structure and chemistry of interfaces of directly bonded Si/Si wafer pairs after annealing at 1100°C were investigated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), multiple internal reflection spectroscopy (MIRS), and high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM). Si–O, SiO–H, and Si–H x bonds are shown to be the main atomic bonds at the interfaces of bonded hydrophilic wafer pairs, whereas Si–Si and Si–H x bonds are dominant at interfaces of bonded hydrophobic wafer pairs. For bonded hydrophobic wafer pairs a frequency shift of the Si–H x modes suggest that fluorine is probably present in Si–F···H–Si configurations. Strongly oriented SiO–H modes detected in bonded hydrophobic wafer pairs appear to be related to oxide islands at the interface.
A testing mechanism and testing procedure for materials in inertial drives (2003)

Stick-slip actuators and other friction based drives have a high potential for efficient low cost and high-resolution positioning applications. So for, they are mostly used in research laboratories; there is only a very small number of commercial products in the market. There might be several explanations for this, but the lacking information about wear in these actuators is certainly one reason. The goal in conceiving a testing mechanism for material combinations in stick-slip actuators is, as with any wear test, to be as close as possible to the final application. This means that a reciprocating ball-on-plate rig, driven by a linear motor, as it is used for many wear tests, is not very useful. We propose a testing apparatus and as well as possible testing methods, which permit the comparison of the different material combinations in the contact points of stick-slip actuators.
Effect of oxygen on the Escherichia coli ArcA and FNR regulation systems and metabolic responses (2005)

Escherichia coli has several elaborate sensing mechanisms for response to the availability of oxygen and the presence of other electron acceptors. The adaptive responses are coordinated by a group of global regulators, which include the one-component Fnr protein, and the two-component Arc system. To quantitate the contribution of Arc and Fnr-dependent regulation in catabolism, arcA and fnr mutant strains were constructed using the recently developed lambda derived recombination system. The metabolic activity of wildtype E. coli, an arcA mutant, an fnr mutant, and a double arcA-fnr mutant, via the fermentative pathways in glucose-limited cultures and different oxygen concentrations was studied in chemostat cultures at steady state. It was found that the most significant role of ArcA is under microaerobic conditions, while that of FNR is under more strictly anaerobic conditions. The FNR protein is normally inactive during microaerobic conditions. However, our results indicate that in the arcA mutant strain the cells behave as if a higher level of the FNR regulator is in the activated form compared to the wildtype strain during the transition from aerobic to microanaerobic growth. The results show a significant increase in the flux through pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) in the presence of oxygen. The activity of FNR-regulated pathways in the arcA mutant strain is correlated with the high redox potential obtained under microaerobic growth.
Meniscus replacement with bone anchors: A surgical technique (1994)

Human meniscal replacement with allograft is a new and promising procedure. Heretofore the procedure has required an extensive arthrotomy with direct suture implantation. A surgical technique using a minimally invasive, arthroscopically assisted approach to implantation of the allograft meniscus with attached bone anchors has been developed. Technique development followed extensive review and participation in the open implantation technique, along with cadaveric refinement of the proposed arthroscopic technique. The presented technique includes preparation of the meniscus with attached bone anchors, preparation of the peripheral rim bed, drilling of tibial tunnels for bone anchor placement, passage of the meniscus and bone anchors into the recipient site without detachment of collateral ligaments, securing the bone anchors in the appropriate bony tunnel, and peripheral suturing of the implanted meniscus.