gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered visual feedback from an embodied avatar unconsciously influences movement amplitude and muscle activity (2019)

Evidence suggests that the sense of the position of our body parts can be surreptitiously deceived, for instance through illusory visual inputs. However, whether altered visual feedback during limb movement can induce substantial unconscious motor and muscular adjustments is not known. To address this question, we covertly manipulated virtual body movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants were instructed to flex their elbow to 90° while tensing an elastic band, as their virtual arm reproduced the same, a reduced (75°), or an amplified (105°) movement. We recorded muscle activity using electromyography, and assessed body ownership, agency and proprioception of the arm. Our results not only show that participants compensated for the avatar's manipulated arm movement while being completely unaware of it, but also that it is possible to induce unconscious motor adaptations requiring significant changes in muscular activity. Altered visual feedback through body ownership illusions can influence motor performance in a process that bypasses awareness.
ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY OF GREEN TEA CATECHINS: OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF (‐)‐EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AND (‐)‐EPIGALLOCATECHIN WITH PEROXIDASE (2000)

ABSTRACT Tea catechins display possible antitumor activities which are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of the antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (‐)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) were reacted with peroxidase in the presence of H 2 O 2 to produce two oxidation products. These two products were determined as the symmetric dimer of EGCG and EGC, respectively. Thus, the trihydroxyphenyl B‐ring, rather than galloyl moiety, was the more active site of antioxidant reaction. Moreover, this study provided some insight into the specific mechanism of antioxidant reactions of tea catechins, and a possible mechanism is proposed.
Effect of multiple, repeated doses of radioimmunotherapy on target antigen expression (breast MUC-1 mucin) in breast carcinomas. (1997)

The effect of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) on target antigen expression was studied in breast carcinomas transplanted in immunodeficient mice. In nine separate experiments, a single dose of 1500 microCi of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) Mc5 was given to groups of mice carrying well-established, vascularized, transplantable breast tumors (MX-1). Mc5 recognizes an epitope on the tandem repeat of the breast epithelial MUC-1 mucin. This dose suppressed tumor growth for at least 20 days, after which the tumors began to regrow. At various times thereafter, tumors were removed and analyzed for target antigen expression by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In no case was there any significant decrease in antigen content/cell in the tumors of treated mice compared to tumors in control untreated mice. Similar results were obtained with four other breast carcinomas (MCF-7, MDA-MB-331, MDA-MB-435, and MX-2A). To assess the effect of repeated RIT doses on target antigen expression, groups of mice with MX-1 tumors were given 2, 3, and 4 consecutive doses of 1200 microCi of 131I-labeled Mc5. One mouse each at 2, 3, and 4 doses (3 of 18) was cured of its tumor. Control mice were sacrificed after 50 days due to the excessive size of their tumors. Tumors from four mice from each group (2, 3, and 4 doses), after they began to regrow, were excised and analyzed for mucin content and compared to tumors from untreated mice with similar-size tumors transplanted at later dates. In none of the treated groups was there any decrease in mucin content. These results demonstrate that RIT with an anti-breast mucin MAb does not result in the appearance of antigen-negative tumor cells, thus indicating that repeated fractionated doses, which will most likely be necessary for an eventual cure of breast cancer with MAb therapy, are possible.
Treatment with a neutralizing anti‐murine interleukin‐17 antibody after the onset of collagen‐induced arthritis reduces joint inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion (2004)

IL-17 plays a role in early stages of arthritis, but also later during disease progression. Systemic IL-6 was reduced and fewer synovial IL-1-positive and RANKL-positive cells were detected after neutralizing endogenous IL-17 treatment, suggesting both IL-1-dependent and IL-1-independent mechanisms of action. Our data strongly indicate that IL-17 neutralization could provide an additional therapeutic strategy for RA, particularly in situations in which elevated IL-17 may attenuate the response to anti-tumor necrosis factor/anti-IL-1 therapy.
Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Experimental studies. (1989)

Recent experience with the spring-loaded patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluder has demonstrated several advantages of this device in the closure of intracardiac defects compared with previously described techniques. Pathologic and animal model studies were performed to identify which atrial septal defects (ASDs) might be suitable for device closure and to test a new septal closure double umbrella. Fifty specimens from the Cardiac Registry with unrepaired ASD secunda (2 degrees) were analyzed. Mean ASD size was 8 x 10 mm (range, 3 x 4 to 30 x 30 mm); 80% (n = 40) of ASDs were judged closable with the new device. ASD closure was attempted in four lambs with the Rashkind (hooked single umbrella) ASD occluder. One of four umbrellas was correctly positioned; no ASDs were closed. A new double-hinged ("clamshell") umbrella device was designed: eight ASD closures were attempted with this device (defects ranged from 8 to 20 mm in diameter). Six of eight umbrellas were correctly positioned; four of four animals observed more than 1 day appeared to have complete closure on postmortem examination with endothelialization of the device. We conclude that 1) most ASD 2 degrees are far enough from vital structures to permit closure, 2) initial placement of hooked umbrellas is often incorrect and cannot be altered, 3) clamshell double umbrellas were successfully placed in six of eight attempts, and 4) endothelialization of closed ASDs appears complete within weeks of implantation. These preliminary studies appear promising and support testing the clamshell ASD device in clinical trials.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical and environmental isolates constitute a single population with high phenotypic diversity (2014)

Contrary to what has been described for other bacteria we have found that the P. aeruginosa core genome is constituted by a high proportion of genes and that its pan-genome is thus relatively small. Considering the high degree of genomic conservation between isolates of P. aeruginosa from diverse environments, including human tissues, some implications for the treatment of infections are discussed. This work also represents a methodological contribution for the genomic study of P. aeruginosa, since we provide a database of the comparison of all the proteins encoded by the seventeen strains analyzed.
Structure of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein in the Postfusion Conformation Reveals Preservation of Neutralizing Epitopes (2011)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) invades host cells via a type I fusion (F) glycoprotein that undergoes dramatic structural rearrangements during the fusion process. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, such as 101F, palivizumab, and motavizumab, target two major antigenic sites on the RSV F glycoprotein. The structures of these sites as peptide complexes with motavizumab and 101F have been previously determined, but a structure for the trimeric RSV F glycoprotein ectodomain has remained elusive. To address this issue, we undertook structural and biophysical studies on stable ectodomain constructs. Here, we present the 2.8-Å crystal structure of the trimeric RSV F ectodomain in its postfusion conformation. The structure revealed that the 101F and motavizumab epitopes are present in the postfusion state and that their conformations are similar to those observed in the antibody-bound peptide structures. Both antibodies bound the postfusion F glycoprotein with high affinity in surface plasmon resonance experiments. Modeling of the antibodies bound to the F glycoprotein predicts that the 101F epitope is larger than the linear peptide and restricted to a single protomer in the trimer, whereas motavizumab likely contacts residues on two protomers, indicating a quaternary epitope. Mechanistically, these results suggest that 101F and motavizumab can bind to multiple conformations of the fusion glycoprotein and can neutralize late in the entry process. The structural preservation of neutralizing epitopes in the postfusion state suggests that this conformation can elicit neutralizing antibodies and serve as a useful vaccine antigen.
ViewStation applications: implications for network traffic (1995)

This paper describes applications built on the ViewStation, a distributed multimedia system based on Unix workstations and a gigabit per second local area network. A key tenet of the ViewStation project is the delivery of media data not just to the desktop but all the way to the application program. As processing power continues to improve, our approach enables applications that perform intensive processing of audio and video data. We hypothesize that as media data are shaped by this software-based processing, the resultant network traffic patterns will be dominated more by software behavior than by so-called real-time issues. We have written applications that directly process live video to provide more responsive human-computer interaction. We have also developed applications to explore the potential of media processing to support content-based retrieval of prerecorded television broadcasts. These applications perform intelligent processing on video, as well as straightforward presentation. They demonstrate the utility of network-based multimedia systems that deliver audio and video data all the way to the application. The network requirements of the applications are modeled as a combination of bursty transfers and periodic packet-trains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interface Reaction for the Self-Assembly of Silver Nanocrystals under Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Conditions (2005)

We propose a one-step interface reaction for the direct synthesis of hexagonally arranged spherical silver nanoparticles under microwave-assisted solvothermal conditions without the requirement of the presynthesis of uniform silver nanoparticles or special precursors and the technique of size-selective precipitation. The ratio between ethylene glycol and dodecylthiol shows its effect on the nucleation and growth of silver and thus the morphology and arrangement of the obtained nanoparticles. At a low volume ratio, nanoparticles with a rectangular shape arranged in orthogonal arrays could be observed. This simple method has its generality, and by easily substituting thiourea aqueous solution for ethylene glycol, silver sulfide superlattices of nanoparticles could be synthesized.
Cardiac remodelling in experimental renal failure - an immunohistochemical study (1998)

The observations demonstrate (i) specific activation of cardiac interstitial cells after SNX, (ii) activation of postmitotic cardiomyocytes, possibly predisposing to apoptosis, (iii) increased expression of PDGF in the cardiac interstitium and in the wall of intramyocardial arteries, (iv) increased expression of VEGF associated with hypertrophy of arterial smooth muscle cells. These results were not explained by elevated blood pressure or LVH, respectively.
The PCMCIA Developer's Guide (1995)

From the Publisher:
The PCMCIA Developer's Guide has become the standard how-to reference for engineers involved in PC Card research and development. Over 700 pages of up-to-date information about PC Card topics. Whether you are just getting started or have products under your belt, you will find this book filled with useful information. The 1999 edition adds coverage of Zoomed Video, CardBus, Miniature Card, CompactFlash and other card standards.
MECHANISM OF THYMUS-INDEPENDENT IMMUNOCYTE TRIGGERING (1974)

The present experiments were performed in order to analyze the mechanism by which thymus-independent antigens (nonspecific B-cell mitogens) can induce specific immune responses to antigenic determinants present on the same molecule. The hapten NNP was coupled to the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The conjugate retained full mitogenic activity and bound specifically to NNP-reactive cells. NNP-LPS activated polyclonal as well as specific anti-NNP antibody synthesis, but the optimal concentrations for induction of specific anti-NNP cells were several orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations required for polyclonal activation. These low concentrations failed to activate nonspecific cells, but they induced specific thymus-independent responses of high-avidity NNP-specific cells with the typical kinetics of antigenic responses in vitro. Furthermore, hapten-specific cells were paralyzed by NNP-LPS concentrations that were optimal for induction of polyclonal activation. Specific activation and paralysis could be abolished by free hapten indicating that selective binding of NNP-LPS to hapten-specific cells was responsible for the specificity of the response. However, the triggering signal lacked specificity, since high-avidity specific anti-NNP cells could still be activated by stimulating concentrations of NNP-LPS in the presence of free hapten, even though the Ig receptor combining sites were presumably occupied by NNP. The findings show that B cells with specific Ig receptors for the antigenic determinants on mitogen molecules preferentially bind these molecules and become activated at concentrations still unsufficient to trigger other B cells that lack specific receptors. It is suggested that activation for primary IgM responses in B cells is the result of "one nonspecific signal." This nonspecific signal is provided by the mitogenic properties of some antigens (highly thymus independent or, alternatively, by nonspecific T-cell factors (for highly T cell-dependent antigens), or both, and the surface structures responsible for triggering are not the Ig receptors. The specific Ig receptors only act as passive focusing devices for nonspecific stimuli, entitling the cell to be selectively activated, even though both the signal and the receptors for the triggering are nonspecific.
Complete interaction of cellular 56,000- and 32,000-Mr proteins with simian virus 40 small-t antigen in productively infected cells (1987)

Two cellular proteins are found to be complexed with simian virus 40 small-t antigen in cellular extracts. The complex is a relatively unstable but dynamic one which can dissociate and reform in extracts. In extracts of permissive monkey kidney cells, the small-t antigen appeared to be present in excess, whereas the cellular proteins were nearly entirely committed to the complex in permissive monkey kidney cells.
A Clinical Evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group Classification of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1997)

Abstract The recognition of several new types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in recent years has led to proposals for changing lymphoma classifications, including a new proposal put forth by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG). However, the clinical significance of the new entities and the practical utility of this new proposal have not been studied. Therefore, we performed a clinical evaluation of the ILSG classification. A cohort of 1,403 cases of NHL was organized at nine study sites around the world and consisted of consecutive patients seen between 1988 and 1990 who were previously untreated. A detailed protocol for histologic and clinical analysis was followed at each site, and immunologic characterization as to T- or B-cell phenotype was required. Five expert hematopathologists visited the sites and each classified each case using the ILSG classification. A consensus diagnosis was also reached in each case, and each expert rereviewed a 20% random sample of the cases. Clinical correlations and survival analyses were then performed. A diagnosis of NHL was confirmed in 1,378 (98.2%) of the cases. The most common lymphoma types were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (31%) and follicular lymphoma (22%), whereas the new entities comprised 21% of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy was at least 85% for most of the major lymphoma types, and reproducibility of the diagnosis was 85%. Immunophenotyping improved the diagnostic accuracy by 10% to 45% for a number of the major types. The clinical features of the new entities were distinctive. Both the histologic types and the patient characteristics as defined by the International Prognostic Index predicted for patient survival. In conclusion we found that the ILSG classification can be readily applied and identifies clinically distinctive types of NHL. However, for clinical application, prognostic factors as defined by the International Prognostic Index must be combined with the histologic diagnosis for appropriate clinical decisions.
CD30 expression in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (1990)

The CD30 antigen has been reported as the immunophenotypic hallmark of a recently described category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, termed anaplastic large cell lymphoma. From a series of approximately 500 lymphomas, 17 cases showing typical anaplastic features have been identified. They were strongly labelled by monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD30 (Ki-1 or BerH2). However, 36 other lymphomas, mainly high-grade, of non-anaplastic cytology also expressed CD30, either diffusely or focally, with a staining pattern identical to that seen in anaplastic large cell lymphomas. This clearly suggests that such lymphomas cannot be identified solely on the basis of being high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas showing CD30 positivity. From the present results, the distinction between the anaplastic and non-anaplastic types would be better made with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen than to CD30. Clinical data, available for 48 of the patients (16 with anaplastic large cell lymphomas and 32 with non-anaplastic) revealed no significant differences with regard to age at presentation, sex or clinical signs. A short-term follow-up study of 25 patients revealed that for the first 2 years after diagnosis there were no significant differences in patient survival between anaplastic large cell lymphoma, other CD30+ high-grade lymphomas and all high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas considered together. These findings, which must be confirmed by larger studies, suggest that in a general lymphoma clinic there is probably little justification for differentiating anaplastic large cell lymphomas or CD30+ lymphomas from other high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Highlights on pulmonary hypertension: a commentary (1993)

Physiological description of the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia and to disease has clarified the func­ tion of pulmonary arteries. The understanding of the cellular regulation of vascular tone has proceeded at a rapid pace, with the discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [11], and its identification as the gas nitric oxide (NO) [12]. Also, endothelin-1, a polypep­ tide elaborated by endothelium, has been found to be the most powerful natural vasoconstriction [13]. Production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) and endothelin1 are influenced by hypoxia. EDNO may be reduced in COLD [14], whilst endothelin-1 [15] can be increased by hypoxia. These observations not only provide insight into the possible role of endothelium in pulmonary hyper­ tension but have led to radically new treatments. Inhaled NO is a selective pulmonary vasodilator [16], and may have an important action in improving gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [17]. Finally, the vascular smooth muscle cells of the pul­ monary arteries may be particularly important in deter­ mining hypoxic vasoconstriction [ 18]. The articles included in the series on Pulmonary Hypertension published in this and future issues of the Journal provide new insights into major areas of growth of knowledge in the pulmonary vasculature. For brevity, much has been omitted, particularly the description of the pulmonary vasculitides or the involvement of the blood vessels in systemic disease. These will, no doubt, be covered by future symposia; by which time, the struc­ tural and functional consequences of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary vas~ulature are likely to have been fully elu­ cidated.
Determination of glucose content by means of visible micro-Raman spectroscopy and interval partial least square multivariate analysis (2011)

Micro-Raman spectroscopy and interval Partial Least Square (iPLS) multivariate analysis have been used for determining glucose concentration in various commercial sport drinks. By employing a visible excitation light (633 nm), micro-Raman spectra in the 600-1600 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> wavenumber shift region have been recorded, showing well defined and separated vibrational fingerprints of the various contained sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose). Glucose content was quantified by using the iPLS analysis based on a model built by employing aqueous glucose solutions as reference samples. The estimated glucose concentrations are in good agreement with the values obtained by using a biochemical assay. These results represent a significant step towards the development of a fast, simple, cost-effective Raman-based method for glucose quantification in products of food and beverage industry, alternative to expensive, time-, sample- and chemicals-consuming biochemical assays currently used in production and quality control processes.
Interband and Intraband Optical Studies of PbSe Colloidal Quantum Dots (2002)

PbSe nanocrystal colloids exhibit a well-defined excitonic structure with the lowest energy exciton tuning from 0.5 to 1 eV, as a function of size. Band-edge fluorescence is observed from 1.2 to 2 μm with a small Stokes shift, sub-μs lifetime, and near-unity quantum yield. Upon pumping at 1.064 μm, the first exciton decay is consistent with radiative relaxation at low pump intensity and with Auger recombination at higher pump intensities. Optically induced absorption is observed at approximately midgap. These transitions exhibit strengths similar to the interband exciton and are size-tunable. They are assigned to the 1Se,h−1Pe,h and 1Pe,h−1De,h intraband excitations. Intraband pump−probe measurements of the 1Se,h−1Pe,h transition reveal a short lifetime and the absence of the phonon bottleneck.
Overexpression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase fromPseudomonas aeruginosa (2006)

The enzyme erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyses the conversion of erythronate-4-phosphate to 3-hydroxy-4-phospho-hydroxy-alpha-ketobutyrate. It belongs to the D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. It is essential for de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a homodimeric enzyme consisting of two identical 380-residue subunits, has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli with a C-terminal purification tag and crystallized at 297 K using 0.7 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 M ammonium tartrate, 0.1 M sodium citrate pH 5.6 and 10 mM cupric chloride. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.20 A from a crystal grown in the presence of NADH. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 84.77, b = 101.28, c = 142.58 A. A dimeric molecule is present in the asymmetric unit, giving a crystal volume per protein weight (VM) of 3.64 A3 Da(-1) and a solvent content of 66%.