gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drafting and Designing. Roman Architectural Drawings and their Meaning for the Construction of Heliopolis/Baalbek, Lebanon (2009)

For the monumental Roman temples of Baalbek, although preserved exceptionally well, many questions about the construction methods remain unanswered. With the discovery of numerous architectural drawings etched into stone surfaces in the course of the excavation works of the 1940s until 1975, and now re- cently in the last years, some of these questions can be answered. For the first time, these scarcely published drawings are compiled and identified entirely now. A recently discovered and documented reduced scale partial floor plan drawing suggests new theories about the construction of the hexagonal forecourt to the Jupiter sanctuary. This case shows the degree of abstrac- tion in designing as a first theoretical step before practical construction starts. Details of this outstanding etch- ing show an alternative design, and appear in an unsuitable scale for execution. On the other hand, several discovered full scale drawings of construction details explain the practical construction process used to di- mension and assemble the giant ashlars used for the construction of the Baalbek temples. In combination with the rooms and wall surfaces that were used to etch the lines into, the drawings help to progress our understanding of the former appearance as well as the construction process of Baalbeks temples substantially.
Increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in colorectal tumors (1998)

In this study colorectal tumors exhibited enhanced PI 3-kinase activity compared with normal colonic mucosa, raising the possibility that PI 3-kinase may be a potential target for new strategies for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
Derivatives of 1,4-Xylene-2,5-diboronic Acid and 1,4-Xylene-2-boronic Acid1 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 1,4-Xylene-2,5-diboronic Acid and 1,4-Xylene-2-boronic Acid1John F. Cairns and H. R. SnyderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 9, 2810–2812Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01032a536Request reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of shared and unique immunoglobulin E epitopes of the highly conserved tropomyosins in Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (2002)

Although Blo t 10 and Der p 10 are highly conserved (shared 95% amino acids identity) and significantly cross-reactive, unique IgE epitopes do exist. The results suggest the potential deficiency of using only one of these highly conserved allergens as diagnostic or therapeutic reagents.
Septic impairment of capillary blood flow requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but not nitric oxide synthase and is rapidly reversed by ascorbate through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism* (2008)

Capillary blood flow impairment in septic skeletal muscle requires NADPH oxidase but not NOS, and it is rapidly reversed by ascorbate and BH4 through an eNOS-dependent mechanism.
All-trans-retinoic acid eliminates immature myeloid cells from tumor-bearing mice and improves the effect of vaccination. (2003)

Tumor-induced immunosuppression is one of the crucial mechanisms of tumor evasion of immune surveillance. It contributes greatly to the failure of cancer vaccines. Immature myeloid cells (ImCs) play an important role in tumor-induced immunosuppression. These cells accumulate in large numbers in tumor-bearing hosts and directly inhibit T-cell functions via various mechanisms. In this study, we tried to eliminate ImCs in an attempt to improve antitumor response. In vivo administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) dramatically reduced the presence of ImCs in all tested tumor models. This effect was not because of a direct antitumor effect of ATRA or decreased production of growth factors by tumor cells. Experiments with adoptive transfer demonstrated that ATRA differentiated ImC in vivo into mature dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. Decreased presence of ImC in tumor-bearing mice noticeably improved CD4- and CD8-mediated tumor-specific immune response. Combination of ATRA with two different types of cancer vaccines in two different tumor models significantly prolonged the antitumor effect of the treatment. These data suggest that elimination of ImC with ATRA may open an opportunity to improve the effect of cancer vaccines.
Trans Insertion−Splicing:  Ribozyme-Catalyzed Insertion of Targeted Sequences into RNAs (2005)

A group I intron-derived ribozyme from Pneumocystis carinii has been previously shown to bind an exogenous RNA substrate, splice out an internal segment, and then ligate the two ends back together (the trans excision-splicing reaction). We demonstrate that this same ribozyme can perform a trans insertion-splicing (TIS) reaction, where the ribozyme binds two exogenous RNA substrates and inserts one directly into the other. Reactions were optimized for both yield and rate, with optimum reactions carried out in 10 mM MgCl(2) for 2 h. Reaction products are stable, with no visible loss at extended times. The ribozyme recognizes the two substrates primarily through base pairing and requires an omegaG on the ribozyme and an omegaG on the sequence being inserted. We give evidence that the reaction mechanism is not the reverse of the trans excision-splicing reaction, but is composed of three steps, with intermediates attached to the ribozyme. Surprisingly, the internal guide sequence of the ribozyme is utilized to sequentially bind both substrates, forming independent P1 helices. This is an indication that ribozymes with essentially the native intron sequence can catalyze reactions significantly more dynamic and complex than self-splicing. The implications of group I intron-derived ribozymes being able to catalyze this unique reaction, and via this mechanism, are discussed.
Patients receiving maintenance dialysis have more severe functionally significant skeletal muscle wasting than patients with dialysis-independent chronic kidney disease (2006)

In conclusion, patients with dialysis-treated CKD 5 exhibited more functionally significant muscle wasting than patients with CKD 4. This may be amenable to modification with targeted exercise or amelioration of factors associated with observed differences in muscle mass.
Characterization of nonderivatized plant cell walls using high‐resolution solution‐state NMR spectroscopy (2008)

A recently described plant cell wall dissolution system has been modified to use perdeuterated solvents to allow direct in-NMR-tube dissolution and high-resolution solution-state NMR of the whole cell wall without derivatization. Finely ground cell wall material dissolves in a solvent system containing dimethylsulfoxide-d(6) and 1-methylimidazole-d(6) in a ratio of 4:1 (v/v), keeping wood component structures mainly intact in their near-native state. Two-dimensional NMR experiments, using gradient-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) 1-bond (13)C--(1)H correlation spectroscopy, on nonderivatized cell wall material from a representative gymnosperm pinus taeda (loblolly pine), an angiosperm Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen), and a herbaceous plant Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) demonstrate the efficacy of the system. We describe a method to synthesize 1-methylimidazole-d(6) with a high degree of perdeuteration, thus allowing cell wall dissolution and NMR characterization of nonderivatized plant cell wall structures.
Design of binary subwavelength multiphase level computer generated holograms (2010)

The ability of subwavelength structures to create an artificial effective index opens up new perspectives in designing highly efficient diffractive optical elements. We demonstrate a design approach for binary multi-phase level computer generated holograms based on the effective medium approach. The phase pattern is formed by various subwavelength structures that cause a certain phase delay to an incident light wave. This binary structure approach leads to a significant cost reduction by simplifying the fabrication process. For demonstration, a three-phase level element, operating in the visible range, is fabricated and experimentally evaluated.
Joint frailty models for recurring events and death using maximum penalized likelihood estimation: application on cancer events (2006)

The observation of repeated events for subjects in cohort studies could be terminated by loss to follow-up, end of study, or a major failure event such as death. In this context, the major failure event could be correlated with recurrent events, and the usual assumption of noninformative censoring of the recurrent event process by death, required by most statistical analyses, can be violated. Recently, joint modeling for 2 survival processes has received considerable attention because it makes it possible to study the joint evolution over time of 2 processes and gives unbiased and efficient parameters. The most commonly used estimation procedure in the joint models for survival events is the expectation maximization algorithm. We show how maximum penalized likelihood estimation can be applied to nonparametric estimation of the continuous hazard functions in a general joint frailty model with right censoring and delayed entry. The simulation study demonstrates that this semiparametric approach yields satisfactory results in this complex setting. As an illustration, such an approach is applied to a prospective cohort with recurrent events of follicular lymphomas, jointly modeled with death.
The Relationship of Task Difficulty to Mentally Retarded Students' Interest in Art (1982)

The relationship of task difficulty to mentally retarded students' interest in four art activities and art products resulting from these activities was investigated. Twenty-two trainable mentally retarded students ranging in age from 12 to 20 years participated for 45 minutes, 1 day a week, for a period of 9 weeks. The four art activities were task analyzed and described as a series of steps for the purposes of observation and evaluation. An observer recorded the number of steps in each art activity that the subjects were able to successfully complete without assistance. In addition, subjects' interest in each art activity and any resulting art products were translated into observable behaviors that were also evaluated. A Spearman Rank Correlation procedure revealed a perfect negative correlation (−1.0) between task difficulty and subjects' interest in art activities and their consequent art products.
Between anaphora and deixis … The resolution of the demonstrative noun phrase “that N” (2011)

Three experiments examined the hypothesis that the demonstrative noun phrase (NP) that N, as an anadeictic expression, preferentially refers to the less salient referent in a discourse representation when used anaphorically, whereas the anaphoric pronoun he or she preferentially refers to the highly-focused referent. The findings, from a sentence completion task and two reading time experiments that used gender to create ambiguous and unambiguous coreference, reveal that the demonstrative NP specifically orients processing toward a less salient referent when there is no gender cue discriminating between different possible referents. These findings show the importance of taking into account the discourse function of the anaphor itself and its influence on the process of searching for the referent.
Lipoprotein Apheresis in Patients With Maximally Tolerated Lipid-Lowering Therapy, Lipoprotein(a)-Hyperlipoproteinemia, and Progressive Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

https://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de. Unique identifier: DRKS00003119.
Detecting digital image forgeries using sensor pattern noise (2006)

We present a new approach to detection of forgeries in digital images under the assumption that either the camera that took the image is available or other images taken by that camera are available. Our method is based on detecting the presence of the camera pattern noise, which is a unique stochastic characteristic of imaging sensors, in individual regions in the image. The forged region is determined as the one that lacks the pattern noise. The presence of the noise is established using correlation as in detection of spread spectrum watermarks. We proposed two approaches. In the first one, the user selects an area for integrity verification. The second method attempts to automatically determine the forged area without assuming any a priori knowledge. The methods are tested both on examples of real forgeries and on non-forged images. We also investigate how further image processing applied to the forged image, such as lossy compression or filtering, influences our ability to verify image integrity.
Surprisingly High Stability of Collagen ABC Heterotrimer:  Evaluation of Side Chain Charge Pairs (2007)

Type I collagen is a major component of skin, tendon, and ligament and forms more than 90% of bone mass. It is an AAB heterotrimer assembled from two identical alpha1 and one alpha2 chains. However, the majority of studies on the effects of amino acid substitution on triple helix stability have been performed on collagen homotrimeric helices. In a homotrimer, it is impossible to determine whether the contribution to stability is from the polyproline II helix propensity of the amino acids or from interhelix amino acid interactions. The presence of amino acids in all three chains further exaggerates their contribution. In contrast, in a heterotrimer, the individual chains may be tailored in order to have the substitution in one, two, or all three chains. Therefore, a heterotrimer can divulge specific information about any interaction based upon the substitutions in individual chains. In this paper, we evaluate the contribution of electrostatic interactions between side chain charge pairs on the stability of heterotrimers. We synthesize and analyze the stability of four AAB and four ABC heterotrimers including a surprisingly stable ABC heterotrimer composed of (DOG)10, (PKG)10, and (POG)10 chains (O = hydroxyproline). This heterotrimer has a stability comparable to that of a (POG)10 homotrimer even though D and K occur 20 times in the heterotrimeric helix and have been previously shown to significantly destabilize the triple helix compared to the P and O imino acids. These results show that the stability of heterotrimers cannot be directly determined from the analysis of charge pairs in homotrimers. Because collagen heterotrimers can be designed to have substitution in one, two, or three chains, it gives us the ability to decode cross-strand interactions in collagen in a similar fashion to alpha-helical coiled-coil interactions and DNA duplex hydrogen bonding.
Rinsing with chlorhexidine gluconate solution after brushing and flossing teeth: a systematic review of effectiveness. (2006)

To optimize the antiplaque effect of CHX, it seems best that the interval between toothbrushing and rinsing with CHX be more than 30 minutes, cautiously close to 2 hours after brushing.
Indolizino[1,2-b]quinolines Derived from A–D Rings of Camptothecin: Synthesis and DNA Interaction (2003)

Camptothecin consists of a lactone E-ring adjacent to a tetracyclic A-D ring planar chromophore which are essential for topoisomerase I inhibition and DNA interaction, respectively. The A-D ring system can be exploited to develop DNA-binding molecules. Indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline derivatives substituted with a piperidinoethyloxy side chain on the A-ring and an aminomethyl function on the D one were synthesized and their DNA-binding properties and in vitro cytotoxicity investigated.
Dipolar Dye Aggregates: A Problem for Nonlinear Optics, but a Chance for Supramolecular Chemistry (2000)

Highly dipolar merocyanine dyes such as 1 form strong dimer aggregates with an antiparallel orientation of their dipole moments in solution. Substituent variations and solvent-dependent binding studies have shown that the aggregation is driven by electrostatic dipole–dipole interactions and that the dyes are prevented from orienting in an applied electric field by the presence of the large internal field within the dipolar aggregate.
Experimental Study on The Frequency Spectrum Of Short Wind Generated Waves (1999)

The high frequency spectra of wind generated waves are examined through experiments on wind wave tank. Results are compared with known experimental measurements published. The influence of wind velocity on the spectrum is discussed.
Exact prediction of a natural T cell epitope (1991)

T lymphocytes recognize their antigen as peptides associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptides naturally presented by MHC class I molecules are uniform in length and have a specific motif, both defined by the respective MHC allele (Falk, K. et al. Nature 1991. 351:290). These allele-specific motifs should allow exact prediction of natural T cell epitopes. H-2Kb-restricted epitopes, for example, have a length of eight amino acid residues and conserved anchor residues at positions 5 and 8. According to this information, we predicted the natural Kb-restricted epitope of ovalbumin, thought to be contained in the 19-mer IINFEKLTEWTSSNVMEER, to be SIINFEKL. Here we show that this prediction is correct. Thus, exact prediction of natural T cell epitopes is possible.
Production of Extrachromosomal MicroDNAs Is Linked to Mismatch Repair Pathways and Transcriptional Activity (2015)

MicroDNAs are <400-base extrachromosomal circles found in mammalian cells. Tens of thousands of microDNAs have been found in all tissue types, including sperm. MicroDNAs arise preferentially from areas with high gene density, GC content, and exon density from promoters with activating chromatin modifications and in sperm from the 5'-UTR of full-length LINE-1 elements, but are depleted from lamin-associated heterochromatin. Analysis of microDNAs from a set of human cancer cell lines revealed lineage-specific patterns of microDNA origins. A survey of microDNAs from chicken cells defective in various DNA repair proteins reveals that homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining repair pathways are not required for microDNA production. Deletion of the MSH3 DNA mismatch repair protein results in a significant decrease in microDNA abundance, specifically from non-CpG genomic regions. Thus, microDNAs arise as part of normal cellular physiology—either from DNA breaks associated with RNA metabolism or from replication slippage followed by mismatch repair.
Self-Assembly in Biosilicification and Biotemplated Silica Materials (2014)

During evolution, living organisms have learned to design biomolecules exhibiting self-assembly properties to build-up materials with complex organizations. This is particularly evidenced by the delicate siliceous structures of diatoms and sponges. These structures have been considered as inspiration sources for the preparation of nanoscale and nanostructured silica-based materials templated by the self-assembled natural or biomimetic molecules. These templates range from short peptides to large viruses, leading to biohybrid objects with a wide variety of dimensions, shapes and organization. A more recent strategy based on the integration of biological self-assembly as the driving force of silica nanoparticles organization offers new perspectives to elaborate highly-tunable, biofunctional nanocomposites.
Historiographie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (2007)

Historiographie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. An article from journal Bulletin d'histoire politique (La Commission Tremblay (1953-1956) : cinquante ans de débats sur le déséquilibre fiscal), on Érudit.
Hot‐Wire Assisted ALD: A Study Powered by In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2017)

Hot‐wire assisted atomic layer deposition (HWALD) is a novel energy‐enhancement technique. HWALD enables formation of reactive species (radicals) at low substrate temperatures, without the generation of energetic ions and UV photons as by plasma. This approach employs a hot wire (tungsten filament) that is heated up to a temperature in the range of 1300–2000 °C to dissociate precursor molecules. HWALD has the potential to overcome certain limitations of plasma‐assisted processes. This work investigates the ability of a heated tungsten filament to catalytically crack molecular hydrogen or ammonia into atomic hydrogen and nitrogen‐containing radicals. The generation of these radicals and their successful delivery to the wafer (substrate) surface are experimentally confirmed by dedicated tellurium‐etching and silicon‐nitridation experiments. It further reports on deposition of low‐resistivity oxygen‐free tungsten films by using HWALD, as well as on the effect of hot‐wire‐generated nitrogen radicals and atomic hydrogen in deposition of aluminum nitride and boron nitride films. In parallel, this work provides important illustrative examples of using in situ real‐time monitoring of deposition and etching processes, together with extracting a variety of film properties, by spectroscopic ellipsometry technique.
Ligands for natural killer cell–activating receptors are expressed upon the maturation of normal myelomonocytic cells but at low levels in acute myeloid leukemias (2005)

Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolytic activity against tumors requires the engagement of activating NK receptors by the tumor-associated ligands. Here, we have studied the role of NKG2D and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) in the recognition of human leukemia. To detect as-yet-unknown cell-surface molecules recognized by NCRs, we developed soluble forms of NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 as staining reagents binding the putative cognate ligands. Analysis of UL16-binding protein-1 (ULBP1), ULBP2, and ULBP3 ligands for NKG2D and of potential ligands for NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 in healthy hematopoietic cells demonstrated the ligand-negative phenotype of bone marrow-derived CD34(+) progenitor cells and the acquisition of cell-surface ligands during the course of myeloid differentiation. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemic blasts from approximately 80% of patients expressed very low levels of ULBPs and NCR-specific ligands. Treatment with differentiation-promoting myeloid growth factors, together with interferon-gamma, upregulated cell-surface levels of ULBP1 and putative NCR ligands on AML blasts, conferring an increased sensitivity to NK cell-mediated lysis. We conclude that the ligand-negative/low phenotype in AML is a consequence of cell maturation arrest on malignant transformation and that defective expression of ligands for the activating NKG2D and NCR receptors may compromise leukemia recognition by NK cells.