gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED BRIDGE SYSTEMS (1975)

This paper reviews the level of bridge automation that is the current operating practice of Italian ship operators on larger tankers. Systems described include such advanced equipments as computerized Collision Avoidance, Satellite Navigation and Omega, and Stress Prediction. Other features include dual gyros, radars, speed sources, and even redundant computers. The Lolli-Ghetti Integrated Navigation System was designed to meet the operational requirements of today's supertankers and to provide an expansion capability that will meet the requirements of tomorrow. The final decision was a compromise that involved operational requiremnts, projected requirements, alternate state-of-the-art equipment, conventional bridge equipment packages and economic tradeoffs. Key system features include: High reliability, provided by redundancy and interswitching of all sensors between two computers; advanced equipments including doppler docking, computerized Omega, and the Collision Avoidance System, and duplication of conventional equipments, including radar, gyrocompasses, and two speed logs. A final aspect of the design is the selection of computerized capabilities that will provide sufficient capability for today and anticipate expansion in the near future. This paper reviews the Lolli-Ghetti Integrated Navigation system in depth and then focuses on an alternative system, the Lauro Navigation System. Finally, the paper projects future maritime system developments.
The role of NADH- and NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductases in the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate synthesizing organism Alcaligenes eutrophus (1988)

Two constitutive acetoacetyl-CoA (AcAc-CoA) reductases were purified from Alcaligenes eutrophus. Incorporation of [1-14C]-acetyl-CoA into poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by systems reconstituted from purified preparations of either 3-ketothiolase, AcAc-CoA reductase and PHB synthase, occurred only when NADPH-AcAc-CoA reductase was present. The NADH reductase was active with all of the d(−)- and l(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA substrates tested (C4-C10), whereas the NADPH reductase was only active with d(−)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs (C4-C6). The products of AcAc-CoA reduction by the NADH- and NADPH-linked enzymes were l(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and d(−)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, respectively. The NADH-linked enzyme had an Mr of 150,000 (containing identical Mr 30,000 sub-units) and the NADPH-linked enzyme appeared to be a tetramer (Mr 84,000) with identical sub-units (Mr 23,000). Kmapp values of 22 µM and 5 µM for AcAc-CoA and 13 µM (NADH) and 19 µM (NADPH) for the coenzymes were determined for the NADH- and NADPH-linked enzymes, respectively.
Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain (2009)

Thymidine is an important precursor in the production of various antiviral drugs, including azidothymidine for the treatment of AIDS. Since thymidine-containing nucleotides are synthesized only by the de novo pathway during DNA synthesis, it is not easy to produce a large amount of thymidine biologically. In order to develop a host strain to produce thymidine, thymidine phosphorylase, thymidine kinase, and uridine phosphorylase genes were deleted from an Escherichia coli BL21 strain to develop BLdtu. Since the genes coding for the enzymes related to the nucleotide salvage pathway were disrupted, BLdtu was unable to utilize thymidine or thymine, and thymidine degradation activity was completely abrogated. We additionally expressed T4 thymidylate synthase, T4 nucleotide diphosphate reductase, bacteriophage PBS2 TMP phosphohydrolase, E. coli dCTP deaminase, and E. coli uridine kinase in the BLdtu strain to develop a thymidine-producing strain (BLdtu24). BLdtu24 produced 649.3 mg liter(-1) of thymidine in a 7-liter batch fermenter for 24 h, and neither thymine nor uridine was detected. However, the dUTP/dTTP ratio was increased in BLdtu24, which could lead to increased double-strand breakages and eventually to cell deaths during fermentation. To enhance thymidine production and to prevent cell deaths during fermentation, we disrupted a gene (encoding uracil-DNA N-glycosylase) involved in DNA excision repair to suppress the consumption of dTTP and developed BLdtug24. Compared with the thymidine production in BLdtu24, the thymidine production in BLdtug24 was increased by approximately 1.2-fold (740.3 mg liter(-1)). Here, we show that a thymidine-producing strain with a relatively high yield can be developed using a metabolic engineering approach.
Impedance matrix compression (IMC) using iteratively selected wavelet basis (1998)

We present a novel approach for the incorporation of wavelets into the solution of frequency-domain integral equations arising in scattering problems. In this approach, we utilize the fact that when the basis functions used are wavelet-type functions, only a few terms in a series expansion are needed to represent the unknown quantity. To determine these dominant expansion functions, an iterative procedure is devised. The new approach combined with the iterative procedure yields a new algorithm that has many advantages over the presently used methods for incorporating wavelets. Numerical results which illustrate the approach are presented for three scattering problems.
Determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses about patient education (2016)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patient education is one of the most basic nursing roles. Patient education has a considerable impact on the prevention, treatment and reducing patients' health promotion budget.This research has been done in order to nominate attitude, knowledge and function of clinical nurses about patient education. METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional study. Research society was clinical nurses working in Ramsar ‘s Imam Sajjad and Tonekabon’s Shahid Rajaii hospitals. 199Nurses working in different wards of Imam Sajjad hospital in Ramsar and Shahid rajaee hospital in Tonekabon were taken as samples with random sampling in 2012. Number of samples (n=199) were determined according to number of the research community (411 nurses) and 0.5% error level using Morgan Table and Cochran formula. In order to collect the data a 4-part self-made questioner was used. First part was sample demographic survey, second part was 18 phrase in form of licret in order to nominate the attitude and the third part was designing 12 question in order to evaluate knowledge and12 question for function of clinical nurses in fourth part. The authority of the questionnaire was confirmed by asking science committee and using weighted average. After collecting data with application software with Chi-square test results were obtained. FINDINGS: 5.4% and 94.6% of participants were men and women, respectively. Most of participants (95%) had positive attitude to pattient education. 55% and 21% obtained exelent awareness and function to pattient education. it was found significant relation between knowledge to patient education and education level. CONCLUSION: People in our society trust doctors and entrust their lives in their hands. Education is also the most important tool in their hand which is used in order to increase patient ability in taking care of himself. So, it becomes clear that increasing and keeping positive view and the ability in executing patient education is one of the most important roles of nursing.
Rho signaling and mechanical control of vascular development (2008)

Mechanical force generation by cells and simultaneous sensing of these physical forces play critical roles in vascular development by estimating whether individual cells will grow, differentiate, move or undergo apoptosis in the local tissue microenvironment. Future work in the vascular field therefore needs to incorporate physical control mechanisms into existing biochemical concepts of cell and tissue regulation.
HIV dementia and apolipoprotein E (1997)

The effect of apolipoprotein E genotypes on the occurrence of HIV dementia and HIV encephalitis was studied in a sample of 132 AIDS patients in whom clinical data on dementia was available and full autopsy had been performed. There was no statistically significant correlation between risk of HIV dementia or HIV encephalitis in relation to apolipoprotein E genotypes, even after correction for length of survival with AIDS and antiretroviral treatment.
One-Dimensional Silicon/PLZT Spatial Light Modulators (1987)

One-dimensional, optically addressed silicon/PLZT spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been fabricated and tested. A study of theoretical and measured performance, design configurations, and functional flexibility leads to the conclusion that 1-D silicon/PLZT SLMs will find application in optical linear algebra processors, neural network systems, and multiplex holography.
Immune response to synthetic peptide analogues of hepatitis B surface antigen specific for the a determinant. (1982)

Recovery from a natural infection with hepatitis B virus or vaccination with purified envelope protein leads to production of antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Such physiologic response in man is generally directed against the a determinant of HBsAg common to all serotypes of the virus. To define the immunochemical specificity of this determinant, the secondary structure of HBsAg was derived from its sequence of 226 amino acids. Hydrophilic stretches expected to contain the antigenic determinants were located between residues 32 and 76 and between residues 110 and 156. Loss of the antigenic activity after chemical modification of lysine residues of HBsAg indicated their critical importance in antigenicity. Because all lysines are located between residues 121 and 160, we selected this region for localization of HbsAg determinants. Solid-phase synthesis was used to prepare seven peptide analogues of HBsAg (PsAs): 122-137, 128-134, 139-147, 139-158, 140-158, 145-158, and 150-158. For experimental immunization of rabbits the synthetic peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. We studied the antigenicity of each peptide analogue by serologic neutralization of human antibodies specific for the a determinant of HBsAg. Analogues 139-147, 139-158, and 140-158 showed antigenicity as well as function of anti-HBsAg. The rabbit antibodies were inhibited with each of the three peptide analogues and all serotypes of natural HbSag, having only the a determinant in common. These results indicate that the nonapeptide sequence 139-147 represents the total or an essential part of the a determinant of HBsAg.
An architecture for large scale information systems (1985)

A new type of system architecture is described that uses both duplex ct)mmunication and wide-area simplex commtmication to implement a single service. A working community inlbrmation system based on this architecture is discussed fiom a systems perspective, with an emphasis on the unique way in which processing is distributed among a confederation of shared servers and private personal systems.
CYCLOSPORINE NEPHROTOXICITY: ATTENUATION BY AN ANTIOXIDANT-INHIBITOR OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO (1994)

The exact mechanisms by which cyclosporine (CsA) causes renal injury is not known. The possibility that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role, since CsA induces renal microsomal lipid peroxidation and reduces glutathione levels, was investigated by examining whether administration of an antioxidant attenuates CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. One of three groups of uninephrectomized rats received vehicles, another CsA 25 mg/kg/day and the third, CsA plus antioxidant lazaroid (U-74389 G) 20 mg/kg/day, for 8 weeks. CsA-induced functional and structural derangements were accompanied by a significant induction of renal cortical lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated diene). Administration of lazaroid significantly suppressed CsA-induced lipid peroxidation and provided significant functional and structural protection. That lazaroid affords renal functional protection against CsA in the rat was again demonstrable in a crossover study. To examine the relation between CsA nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation, cell culture studies were undertaken. CsA induced renal epithelial (LLC-PK1) cell injury (LDH release) as well as lipid peroxidation and degradation (prelabeled 3H arachidonic acid release). Lazaroid prevented CsA-induced cell injury and limited lipid alterations. These new findings--that an antioxidant inhibitor of lipid peroxidation limits CsA-induced renal toxicity in vitro and in vivo--suggest a pathogenic role for ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation in CsA-induced renal toxicity. Antioxidant therapy may minimize CsA-induced renal toxicity in humans.
Rapid, Label-Free Detection of Brain Tumors with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy (2013)

Surgery is an essential component in the treatment of brain tumors. However, delineating tumor from normal brain remains a major challenge. We describe the use of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for differentiating healthy human and mouse brain tissue from tumor-infiltrated brain based on histoarchitectural and biochemical differences. Unlike traditional histopathology, SRS is a label-free technique that can be rapidly performed in situ. SRS microscopy was able to differentiate tumor from nonneoplastic tissue in an infiltrative human glioblastoma xenograft mouse model based on their different Raman spectra. We further demonstrated a correlation between SRS and hematoxylin and eosin microscopy for detection of glioma infiltration (κ = 0.98). Finally, we applied SRS microscopy in vivo in mice during surgery to reveal tumor margins that were undetectable under standard operative conditions. By providing rapid intraoperative assessment of brain tissue, SRS microscopy may ultimately improve the safety and accuracy of surgeries where tumor boundaries are visually indistinct.
Treatment of B cell malignancies with131I LYM-1 monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Lym-I is a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that is B-cell specific but has greater avidity for malignant B cells when compared with normal B lymphocytes. It was originally produced by immunizing mice with nuclei of cultured cells from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. Ten patients with progressive refractory B-cell malignancies were treated with 131I-labelled Lym-I. Treatment with 131I Lym-I produced complete or partial remissions in 4 patients. Toxicity did not occur or was mild in most patients. The only significant complications included two instances of fistula secondary to necrotic lymphoma and one instance of hypotension. Human antimouse antibodies occurred in only 2 patients after multiple injections of Lym-I antibody. This experience was in contrast to treatment of B-cell malignancies with unconjugated Lym-I alone. Unconjugated Lym-I also caused no significant toxicity but was less effective than 131I Lym-I.
ROTE: Rollback Protection for Trusted Execution (2017)

Security architectures such as Intel SGX need protection against rollback attacks, where the adversary violates the integrity of a protected application state by re-playing old persistently stored data or by starting multiple application instances. Successful rollback attack shave serious consequences on applications such as financial services. In this paper, we propose a new approach for rollback protection on SGX. The intuition behind our approach is simple. A single platform cannot efficiently prevent rollback, but in many practical scenarios, multiple processors can be enrolled to assist each other. We design and implement a rollback protection system called ROTE that realizes integrity protection as a distributed system. We construct a model that captures adversarial ability to schedule enclave execution and show that our solution achieves a strong security property: the only way to violate integrity is to reset all participating platforms to their initial state. We implement ROTE and demonstrate that distributed rollback protection can provide significantly better performance than previously known solutions based on local non-volatile memory.
Dynamic Contribution of Nestin-Expressing Stem Cells to Adult Neurogenesis (2007)

Understanding the fate of adult-generated neurons and the mechanisms that influence them requires consistent labeling and tracking of large numbers of stem cells. We generated a nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) mouse to inducibly label nestin-expressing stem cells and their progeny in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ). Several findings show that the estrogen ligand tamoxifen (TAM) specifically induced recombination in stem cells and their progeny in nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-YFP mice: 97% of SGZ stem-like cells (GFAP/Sox2 with radial glial morphology) expressed YFP; YFP+ neurospheres could be generated in vitro after recombination in vivo, and maturing YFP+ progeny were increasingly evident in the olfactory bulb (OB) and dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell layer. Revealing an unexpected regional dissimilarity in adult neurogenesis, YFP+ cells accumulated up to 100 d after TAM in the OB, but in the SGZ, YFP+ cells reached a plateau 30 d after TAM. In addition, most SVZ and SGZ YFP+ cells became neurons, underscoring a link between nestin and neuronal fate. Finally, quantification of YFP+ cells in nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-YFP mice allowed us to estimate, for example, that stem cells and their progeny contribute to no more than 1% of the adult DG granule cell layer. In addition to revealing the dynamic contribution of nestin-expressing stem cells to adult neurogenesis, this work highlights the utility of the nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-YFP mouse for inducible gene ablation in stem cells and their progeny in vivo in the two major regions of adult neurogenesis.
Combination Therapies Against HIV-1 Infection: Exploring the Concept of Combining Antiretroviral Drug Treatments with HIV-1 Immune-Based Therapies in Asymptomatic Individuals. . . (1996)

The deleterious effect of HIV on the immune system begins at the time of infection. At seroconversion the virologic and immunologic factors that ultimately will dictate the rate of disease progression are believed to be already in place. The concept developed in this paper implies that, to impact significantly on the progression of disease, anti-HIV therapies should be initiated as early as possible in asymptomatic individuals. Published results have shown that combination drug therapies are potent in reducing HIV-1 RNA load in plasma in asymptomatic individuals, and that some HIV-1 immune-based therapies have a positive impact on immunological markers of disease progression, including HIV-1 cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and CD4 percent. The strategy discussed is to test a combination of antiretroviral therapy with HIV-1 immune-based therapy, such as the inactivated HIV-1 immunogen preparation, in asymptomatic individuals. The goal of this combination approach is to overcome the limitations of each therapy alone. Preliminary data suggest that antiretroviral therapy and the HIV-1 Immunogen can be combined with no noticeable interference and/or added toxicity in a broad range of HIV-1-infected individuals. Combining both therapies may enhance and expand the impact on key surrogate markers of disease progression, although they likely achieve this impact through different mechanisms. Thus, the primary question remains: Can these effects be synergistic?
Bioisosterism as a Molecular Diversity Descriptor:  Steric Fields of Single “Topomeric” Conformers (1996)

The comparative molecular field analysis steric field of a single "topomeric" conformer is introduced as a molecular diversity descriptor particularly useful for combinatorial chemistry involving variations around a fixed "core". Using this new descriptor, 736 commercially available thiols are divided into 231 bioisosteric clusters, whose compositions agree at least as well with medicinal chemical experience and intuition as do clusters derived from Tanimoto differences between 2D fragment occurrences. However, in practice topomeric steric fields complement 2D fingerprints, being the two most frequently useful descriptors yet found for neighborhood-based design of combinatorial libraries.
Virtual metrology for plasma etch using tool variables (2009)

This paper presents work carried out with data from an industrial plasma etch process. Etch tool parameters, available during wafer processing time, are used to predict wafer etch rate. These parameters include variables such as power, pressure, temperature, and RF measurement. A number of variable selection techniques are examined, and a novel piecewise modelling effort is discussed. The achievable accuracy and complexity trade-offs of plasma etch modelling are discussed in detail.
Transcatheter delivery of c-myc antisense oligomers reduces neointimal formation in a porcine model of coronary artery balloon injury. (1994)

(1) Single transcatheter administration allowed for endoluminal delivery of oligomers to the site of coronary arterial injury. (2) C-myc antisense oligomers reduced the formation of neointima in denuded coronary arteries, implying a therapeutic potential of this approach for the prevention of coronary restenosis. (3) It is postulated that the c-myc proto-oncogene is involved in the process of vascular remodeling, regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
Evaluating Multiple Object Tracking Performance: The CLEAR MOT Metrics (2008)

Simultaneous tracking of multiple persons in real-world environments is an active research field and several approaches have been proposed, based on a variety of features and algorithms. Recently, there has been a growing interest in organizing systematic evaluations to compare the various techniques. Unfortunately, the lack of common metrics for measuring the performance of multiple object trackers still makes it hard to compare their results. In this work, we introduce two intuitive and general metrics to allow for objective comparison of tracker characteristics, focusing on their precision in estimating object locations, their accuracy in recognizing object configurations and their ability to consistently label objects over time. These metrics have been extensively used in two large-scale international evaluations, the 2006 and 2007 CLEAR evaluations, to measure and compare the performance of multiple object trackers for a wide variety of tracking tasks. Selected performance results are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the presented metrics are discussed based on the experience gained during the evaluations.
Three-level traffic shaper and its application to source clock frequency recovery for VBR video services in ATM networks (1995)

Studies the traffic shaping issues for VBR video services in ATM networks with stress put on the source clock frequency recovery aspect. The authors propose a "three-level traffic shaper" (TLTS) which is able to limit the minimum as well as the maximum cell rate of input VBR traffic. For a VBR video source modeled after a two-state Markov modulated Poisson process, they determine, as performance measures, the cell loss probability, the underflow probability, and the maximum delay that a cell can experience in the proposed TLTS. Then they apply the TLTS for source clock frequency recovery in VBR video services. In extending the existing CBR-based synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS) method for VBR video services, it is necessary to restrict the minimum, as well as the maximum, number of cells generated in a fixed period of time to ensure the transmission of timing information, and the proposed TLTS is tailored to meet this necessity by adopting an optimal dimensioning procedure based on the genetic algorithm (GA). Finally the authors provide some numerical examples to demonstrate the optimal dimensioning procedure of TLTS and the related performances of statistical multiplexing and source clock frequency recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>