gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecally administered endotoxin or cytokines produce allodynia, hyperalgesia and changes in spinal cord neuronal responses to nociceptive stimuli in the rat (2000)

Inflammatory processes occurring within the central nervous system (CNS) can produce 'illness induced behaviours' which include fever, sleep and the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Here we demonstrate the effects of the pro-inflammatory mediators, bacterial endotoxin, and rat recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rrIL-1 beta) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rrTNF alpha) on the integration of somatosensory information at the single neuronal level, via recordings from wide-dynamic range neurones in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in anaesthetized rats. Intrathecal administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 and 100 microg, i.t.) enhanced the activity of dorsal horn neurones, including facilitation of neuronal post-discharge. Intrathecal administration of IL-1 beta (5-5000 pg) or TNF-alpha (5-5000 pg) enhanced dorsal horn neuronal responses, including the acute responses to C-fibre stimulation, wind-up and post-discharge, however, the effects of IL-1 beta were more robust than those of TNF alpha. Intrathecal administration of IL-1 beta (1-1000 pg) also leads to the development of mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. On the other hand intrathecal application of TNF alpha did not produce changes in sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Changes in the activity of spinal wide-dynamic range neurones induced by local inflammation may provide a pathomechanism for the clinical pathology of central pain syndrome, which can accompany CNS disease or acute CNS injury.
Functional comparison of the Rev trans-activators encoded by different primate immunodeficiency virus species. (1989)

The known primate lentiviruses can be divided into two subgroups consisting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates and the related HIV type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates. HIV-1 has been shown to encode a post-transcriptional trans-activator of viral structural gene expression, termed Rev, that is essential for viral replication in culture. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-2 and SIVmac also encode functional Rev proteins. As in the case of HIV-1, these Rev trans-activators are shown to induce the cytoplasmic expression of the unspliced viral transcripts that encode the viral structural proteins. Unexpectedly, the Rev proteins of HIV-2 and SIVmac proved incapable of activating the cytoplasmic expression of unspliced HIV-1 transcripts, whereas HIV-1 Rev was fully functional in the HIV-2/SIV system. This nonreciprocal complementation may imply a direct role for Rev in mediating the recognition of its viral RNA target sequence.
Loosely coupled memory-based decoding architecture for low density parity check codes (2006)

Parallel decoding is required for low density parity check (LDPC) codes to achieve high decoding throughput, but it suffers from a large set of registers and complex interconnections due to randomly located 1's in the sparse parity check matrix. This paper proposes a new LDPC decoding architecture to reduce registers and alleviate complex interconnections. To reduce the number of messages to be exchanged among processing units (PUs), two data flows that can be loosely coupled are developed by allowing duplicated operations. In addition, intermediate values are grouped and stored into local storages each of which is accessed by only one PU. In order to save area, local storages are implemented using memories instead of registers. A partially parallel architecture is proposed to promote the memory usage and an efficient algorithm that schedules the processing order of the partially parallel architecture is also proposed to reduce the overall processing time by overlapping operations. To verify the proposed architecture, a 1024 bit rate-1/2 LDPC decoder is implemented using a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The decoder runs correctly at the frequency of 200 MHz, which enables almost 1 Gbps decoding throughput. Since the proposed decoder occupies an area of 10.08 mm/sup 2/, it is less than one fifth of area compared to the previous architecture.
IQGAP1 Promotes Cell Motility and Invasion (2003)

The dynamic processes of cell migration and invasion are largely coordinated by Rho family GTPases. The scaffolding protein IQGAP1 binds to Cdc42, increasing the amount of active Cdc42 both in vitro and in cells. Here we show that overexpression of IQGAP1 in mammalian cells enhances cell migration in a Cdc42- and Rac1-dependent manner. Importantly, cell motility was significantly decreased both by knock down of endogenous IQGAP1 using small interfering RNA and by transfection of a dominant negative IQGAP1 construct, IQGAP1DeltaGRD. Cell invasion was similarly altered by manipulating intracellular IQGAP1 concentrations. Moreover, invasion mediated by constitutively active Cdc42 was attenuated by IQGAP1DeltaGRD. Thus, IQGAP1 has a fundamental role in cell motility and invasion.
THERMAL TRANSPORT IN MONOLITHIC SILICA AEROGEL (1989)

Measurements on the thermal transport in SiO2 aerogel tiles (thickness about 8 mm) were performed for two densities (ρ = 110 kg.m-3 and 270 kg.m-3), for emissivities ε = 0,04 and 0,77, in air and evacuated. The covered temperature range was 100 K to 650 K. In addition for density ρ = 70 kg.m-3 the thermal losses were determined for two thicknesses (differing by a factor of two). For proper interpretation wavelength dependent IR radiative transmission measurements were performed. Data evaluation proceeded along the methods developed for optically thin, non-grey materials.
Immunotherapeutics for Tuberculosis in Experimental Animals: Is There a Common Pathway Activated by Effective Protocols? (2007)

The increasing threat posed by drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis is leading to a reappraisal of the possibility of treating tuberculosis (TB) by immunotherapy. We analyze 6 strategies that have been shown to be therapeutic in animal models of TB and identify a common pathway underlying the activity of the superficially different immunotherapeutic protocols. This pathway involves enhanced induction of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and down-regulation of interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor- beta , leading to further enhancement of the activity of CD8(+) CTLs and of other microbicidal pathways. This unifying analysis strengthens the rationale for future trials of immunotherapy in humans and points to surrogate markers that could be studied in such trials.
Digital imaging as a detector for quantitative colorimetric analyses (2001)

In this paper, a digital imaging system was used to analyze a series of colorimetric reagent dots. A commercially available digital camera was used with in-house developed software to capture and analyze data. The color captured was digitized and broken down into three 8-bit color values (red, green and blue). The data was then processed to generate distinct recognizable patterns that represent the original color input. A pH indicator sensor array was used to demonstrate the practicality of the system. Preliminary results show that the system is able to discriminate samples over a wide pH range (pH 1-13) and resolve samples to within ± 0.5 pH units.
Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of an FcRn-Variant Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody From Preclinical Model to Phase I Study (2010)

MTRX1011A is a humanized anti-CD4 antibody with an amino acid substitution (N434H) to improve its binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data in baboons suggest that the increased binding to FcRn reduces the nonspecific elimination rate (K(el)) of MTRX1011A by ~50% but does not affect its PK-PD relationship. The human PK/PD data of MTRX1011A from a phase I study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared with those previously reported for TRX1, its predecessor antibody, using population PK-PD modeling. The results suggest a comparable PK-PD relationship and no significant difference between the K(el) values of the two antibodies. However, the results may have been confounded by the differences in the clinical populations in which the two antibodies were studied and the presence of preexisting immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the RA sera that recognize N434H in MTRX1011A. This study highlights the challenges in translating from animal studies to human application the effects of FcRn-directed mutations on the PK of monoclonal antibodies.
Thionitroxides, RSNHO • :  The Structure of the SNO Moiety in “ S -Nitrosohemoglobin”, A Possible NO Reservoir and Transporter (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in many biological processes. S-Nitrosothiols have long been believed to have significant roles in NO biochemistry. The modified cysteine residue of hemoglobin was previously identified as a distorted S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) or an S-hydroxyamino radical (RSN*OH). Here we show that a thionitroxide (RSNHO*, S-aminyloxyl radical) is likely the observed species. Computational studies show that the thionitroxide is the only structure consistent with the electron density in the hemoglobin Cysbeta93-SNO structure previously reported. Although a metastable adduct, the thionitroxide in a hydrogen-bonding environment can form readily and release NO upon exposure to an aqueous environment. The thionitroxides could be responsible for the biological effects attributed to S-nitrosothiols or could serve as precursors to S-nitrosothiols in oxidative conditions.
A Structure-Function Study of Ligand Recognition by CD22β (2001)

B-cell-specific CD22 is a member of a group of cell adhesion molecules within the immunoglobulin superfamily that display binding to glycans with terminal sialic acid residues. Binding of endogenous ligands to CD22 triggers B-cell activation and proliferation. It is therefore conceivable that high affinity ligands for CD22 may be of value as inhibitors of B-cell activation in allergy and chronic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to delineate the structural requirements for ligand binding to CD22. A library of 20 mono-, di-, and trisaccharide analogs of the basic binding motif Neu5Ac(alpha2,6)Lac was synthesized and screened for affinity for CD22beta. In general, CD22 ligand recognition appeared to be rather tolerant with respect to structural modifications of the anomeric sugar on a mono-, di-, and trisaccharide level, although affinity was increased by the presence of a nitro aromatic group at C-2. The most potent monovalent ligand, Neu5Ac-4-nitrobenzoyl-Glc, was selected to generate multivalent ligands based on either a glutamate or Tris cluster core. All multivalent ligands displayed at least a 10-fold increased affinity for CD22 compared with the corresponding monovalent glycoside. Interestingly, a maximal gain in affinity was already obtained for bivalent ligands, regardless of the terminal glycoside. A trivalent Tris-based cluster of Neu5Ac-4-nitrobenzoyl-Glc displayed a 300-fold higher affinity compared with the basic binding motif, which makes it, to our knowledge, the most potent antagonist for CD22 yet synthesized. As our in vitro fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies demonstrated efficient cellular uptake of a CD22 substrate, the most potent ligand in this study may hold promise as a homing device for immunomodulatory compounds and cytostatics.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 1,3-Benzoxazine Derivatives as K+ Channel Openers. (1996)

A new series of 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives with a 2-pyridine 1-oxide group at C4 was designed to explore novel K+ channel openers. Synthesis was carried out by using a palladium(0)-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reaction of imino-triflates with organozinc reagents and via a new one-pot 1,3-benzoxazine skeleton formation reaction of benzoylpyridines. The compounds were tested for vasorelaxant activity in tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and BaCl2-induced and high KCl-induced contraction of rat aorta to identify potential K+ channel openers, and also for oral hypotensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. An electron-withdrawing group with the proper shape at C6 and a methyl or halogeno group at C7 of the 1,3-benzoxazine nucleus were required for the development of optimal vasorelaxant and hypotensive activity. In particular, 2-(6-bromo-7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-yl)pyridine 1-oxide (71) showed more potent vasorelaxant activity (EC50 = 0.14 microM) against TEA and BaCl2-induced contraction and longer-lasting hypotensive effects than cromakalim (1).
Wavelet-based very low bit-rate video coding using image warping and overlapped block motion compensation (2001)

The authors present an algorithm for very low bit-rate video coding that combines new ideas in motion estimation, wavelet filter design, and wavelet-based coding techniques. A new motion compensation technique using image warping and overlapped block motion compensation is proposed to reduce temporal redundancies in a given image sequence. This combined motion model has the advantage of representing more complex motion than simple block matching schemes. To further improve the quality of the temporal prediction, an adaptive grid with variable density according to the varying motion activity of a given scene is generated. An adaptively switched high-quality texture interpolation is employed to cope with the problem of fractional displacements in such a way that both objective and subjective reconstruction quality is improved. Spatial decorrelation of the motion compensated residual images is performed using an one-parametric family of biorthogonal infinite impulse response (IIR) wavelet filters coupled with the highly efficient pre-coding scheme of ‘partitioning, aggregation and conditional coding’ (PACC). Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in objective quality of 1.0–2.3 dB PSNR in comparison to the H.263+ test model TMN10 using advanced coding options. In addition, the authors&apos; intracoding method provides a performance gain of 0.5 dB PSNR on the average for a test suite of various still images when compared to the emerging still image coding standard JPEG-2000.
Preclinical and Clinical Development of Deferitrin, a Novel, Orally Available Iron Chelator (2005)

Deferitrin, a novel, orally available iron chelator, is in the early stage of clinical development for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to transfusional therapy. Preclinical pharmacology studies demonstrate iron excretion largely by the fecal route. Initial clinical studies have shown deferitrin to be well absorbed. Further clinical studies are ongoing to determine the efficiency and safety of deferitrin.
A 9.2&#x00B5;A gen 2 compatible UHF RFID sensing tag with &#x2212;12dBm Sensitivity and 1.25&#x00B5;Vrms input-referred noise floor (2010)

This work presents a 9.2 μA fully-passive sensor tag in 0.13 μm CMOS for biomedical research and human health monitoring. The sensor tag includes a 260 nA temperature-compensated 3 MHz reference oscillator. Subthreshold tag logic consumes 6μA from the 0.7 V supply. A 1.2 μA fully-differential chopper-stabilized amplifier with 1.25 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> input-referred noise is integrated for sensor interfacing. The system exhibits a range of 3 m and was deployed to perform wireless in-flight recording on a moth.
Remission Phase in Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes: New Understanding and Emerging Biomarkers (2017)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease of unknown aetiology that results from the autoimmune destruction of the β-cells. Clinical onset with classic hyperglycaemic symptoms occurs much more frequently in children and young adults, when less than 30% of β-cells remain. Exogenous insulin administration is the only treatment for patients. However, due to glucose dysregulation, severe complications develop gradually. Recently, an increase in T1D incidence has been reported worldwide, especially in children. Shortly after diagnosis, T1D patients often experience partial remission called "honeymoon phase," which lasts a few months, with minor requirements of exogenous insulin. In this stage, the remaining β-cells are still able to produce enough insulin to reduce the administration of exogenous insulin. A recovery of immunological tolerance to β-cell autoantigens could explain the regeneration attempt in this remission phase. This mini-review focuses on the remission phase in childhood T1D. Understanding this period and finding those peripheral biomarkers that are signs of immunoregulation or islet regeneration could contribute to the identification of patients with a better glycaemic prognosis and a lower risk of secondary complications. This remission phase could be a good checkpoint for the administration of future immunotherapies.
Materials Design for Acoustic Liners: an Example of Tailored Multifunctional Materials (2004)

Abstract Relying on a model allowing to predict mechanical properties and acoustic absorption of a regular f.c.c stacking of hollow spheres, and on a functional analysis of acoustic liners for airplane engines, a methodology for optimal design of a taylored multifunctional material is proposed.
Methylobacterium Species Promoting Rice and Barley Growth and Interaction Specificity Revealed with Whole-Cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) Analysis (2015)

Methylobacterium species frequently inhabit plant surfaces and are able to utilize the methanol emitted from plants as carbon and energy sources. As some of the Methylobacterium species are known to promote plant growth, significant attention has been paid to the mechanism of growth promotion and the specificity of plant-microbe interactions. By screening our Methylobacterium isolate collection for the high growth promotion effect in vitro, we selected some candidates for field and pot growth tests for rice and barley, respectively. We found that inoculation resulted in better ripening of rice seeds, and increased the size of barley grains but not the total yield. In addition, using whole-cell matrix-assister laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis, we identified and classified Methylobacterium isolates from Methylobacterium-inoculated rice plants. The inoculated species could not be recovered from the rice plants, and in some cases, the Methylobacterium community structure was affected by the inoculation, but not with predomination of the inoculated species. The isolates from non-inoculated barley of various cultivars grown in the same field fell into just two species. These results suggest that there is a strong selection pressure at the species level of Methylobacterium residing on a given plant species, and that selection of appropriate species that can persist on the plant is important to achieve growth promotion.
Isolation of differentially expressed genes in NPM‐ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (2002)

In this study, we used subtractive suppression hybridization to compare gene expression between an ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)-derived cell line and a clinical case of ALK-negative ALCL. Construction and screening of a subtracted library resulted in the cloning of 29 cDNAs which were differentially expressed. Most of these clones corresponded to novel genes with unknown function (EST) or to genes implicated in the differentiation, activation or signalling of T cells such as Ran/TC4, interleukin 1-receptor, thymosin beta4, thymosin beta10, moesin and cytohesin-1. Other genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, such as human inhibitor of apoptosis-1 (HIAP-1), Bax inhibitor-1 and MCL-1, or DNA repair, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), X-associated protein-1 (XAP-1), SUMO-1 (sentrin-1) and RanGTPase-activating protein 1 (RanGAP-1), were isolated. Interestingly, we found that both RNA and protein levels of human sterol isomerase (hSI), also referred to as emopamil binding protein (EBP), were overexpressed in ALK+ tumours. This protein is involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and may be activated by NPM-ALK. Overall, our results suggest that all the genes described above are upregulated in the NPM-ALK-driven transformation process, and that moesin and cytohesin-1 may be more specifically implicated in a signalling pathway involving PLCgamma and PI3K.
Influence of Changes in the Nurse Cell System (Syncytium) on Sex Determination and Development of the Cyst NematodeHeterodera schachtii: Total Amounts of Proteins and Amino Acids (1991)

The nutrition of seeding roots of Brassica rapa var. silvestris f. campestris «Stielmus» was manipulated to test whether sex determination in the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, is controlled by environmental or genetic factors. Single J2 juveniles were added to germinated roots in water agar drops under aseptic condition. Half of the test plants were decapitated by removing root tips and shoots. Two days after adding the nematodes, nutrient solution containing minerals and various concentrations of sucrose was poured over the agar drops (...)
Far-Red Light Reflection from Green Leaves and Effects on Phytochrome-Mediated Assimilate Partitioning under Field Conditions (1987)

The influence of plant spacing and row orientation on spectral distribution of light received by growing soybean (Gylcine max [L.] Merr.) plants was measured under field conditions. Light absorption, reflection and transmission of individual leaves showed that most of the blue and red was absorbed while most of the far-red was either reflected or transmitted. Plants growing in the field received different ratios of far-red relative to red, depending on nearness and/or orientation of other vegetation. Plants grown in close-spaced rows, or high population densities, received higher far-red/red ratios than did those grown in wide rows, or sparse populations. Heliotropic movements of the leaves also contributed to the far-red reflection patterns associated with row orientation. Under field conditions, differences in far-red/red ratios associated with nearness of competing vegetation became more pronounced with low solar angle near the end of the day. Plants exposed to far-red for 5 minutes at the end of each day in controlled environments, and those grown in close-spaced rows in the field, developed longer internodes and fewer branches. Red, far-red photoreversibility in the controlled environment study indicated involvement of phytochrome. Dry matter partitioning among plant components in the field was related to far-red/red light ratio received during growth and development.
Inhibitor κB Kinase β Binding by Inhibitor κB Kinase γ (2007)

Activation of a large multisubunit protein kinase, called the inhibitor kappaB kinase (IKK) complex, is central to the induction of the family of transcription factors nuclear factor kappaB. IKK is comprised of two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta, and a regulatory IKKgamma subunit. It is known that the catalytic IKKbeta and regulatory IKKgamma subunits associate through interactions mediated by the N-terminal region of IKKgamma and an 11-mer peptide located near the C-terminus of IKKbeta. In this study, we have defined the minimal IKKgamma segment that binds IKKbeta and determined the binding affinity of the IKKbeta/IKKgamma complex. We identified that the N-terminal segment spanning residues 40-130 of IKKgamma binds the IKKbeta C-terminal domain (residues 665-756) with Kd approximately 25 nM. Several smaller N-terminal IKKgamma deletion mutants within the N-terminal 130 residues, although in some cases retained IKKbeta binding activity, showed a tendency to aggregate and formed covalently linked complexes. However, expansion of the C-terminus of these fragments to residue 210 completely changed the solution behavior of the IKKgamma N-terminus without affecting the IKKbeta binding affinity. We also found that the IKKbeta C-terminal domain formed a dimer in solution and the basic unit of the IKKbeta/IKKgamma complex was a dimer/dimer.