gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma and ion beam injection into an FRC (2005)

Experiments on the transverse injection of intense (5–20 A/cm2), wide cross-section (10-cm), neutralized, ∼100-eV H+ plasma and 100-keV H+ ion beams into a preformed B-field reversed configuration (FRC) are described. The FRC background plasma temperature was ∼5 eV with densities of ∼1013 cm−3. In contrast to earlier experiments, the background plasma was generated by separate plasma gun arrays. For the startup of the FRC, a betatron-type “slow” coaxial source was used. Injection of the plasma beam into the preformed FRC resulted in a 30–40% increase of the FRC lifetime and the amplitude of the reversed magnetic field. As for the ion beam injection experiment into the preformed FRC, there was evidence of beam capture within the configuration.
Techniques for palmaz‐schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch (1995)

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.
Effects of aging on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (2010)

Abstract In this study, we examined the role of environmental parameters and physical structure in the aging process of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The role of heating history on the aging behavior of the material was also investigated. PLA samples with a D ‐content of 4.25% were exposed to a relative humidity of 80% at three different temperatures, 20, 40, and 50°C (below the glass‐transition temperature of the material), at various aging periods of 30, 60, 80, 100, and 130 days. Selected samples were subjected to two consecutive heating runs. The stability of PLA was monitored by a number of techniques, including size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile measurements. The initial thermal processing (150°C) of the material resulted in an overall molecular weight reduction. A substantial lowering of properties was observed for PLA samples aged at 20°C for 30 days. No further loss of properties was observed for samples aged up to 40°C for several time intervals. A major portion (80–90%) of the induced changes in the tensile properties could be reversed after drying. At 50°C and 100 days of aging, a sharp decrease in the overall properties was noticed. The results seem to confirm the earlier finding that PLA degradation driven by hydrolysis needs a higher temperature (&gt;50°C) in combination with ample time to take place. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Percutaneous intratumoral injection of gemcitabine plus cisplatin mixed with fibrin glue for advanced pancreatic carcinoma (2017)

Percutaneous intratumoral injection of gemcitabine plus cisplatin mixed with fibrin glue for advanced pancreatic may be safe and effective.
Television Transmission Audio Facilities at NBC New York (1976)

Television audio must accompany the picture in television broadcasting—a fact sometimes overlooked. High-quality sound is essential to network broadcasting. Thus, the new NBC transmission facility was designed and built to process, distribute, monitor, mix, and control hundreds of high-quality audio signals, incoming and outgoing to the network plant.
Highly Permissive Cell Lines for Subgenomic and Genomic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication appears to be restricted to the human hepatoma cell line Huh-7, indicating that a favorable cellular environment exists within these cells. Although adaptive mutations in the HCV nonstructural proteins typically enhance the replicative capacity of subgenomic replicons in Huh-7 cells, replication can only be detected in a subpopulation of these cells. Here we show that self-replicating subgenomic RNA could be eliminated from Huh-7 clones by prolonged treatment with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and that a higher frequency of cured cells could support both subgenomic and full-length HCV replication. The increased permissiveness of one of the cured cell lines allowed us to readily detect HCV RNA and antigens early after RNA transfection, eliminating the need for selection of replication-positive cells. We also demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in NS5A is sufficient for establishing HCV replication in a majority of cured cells and that the major phosphate acceptor site of subtype 1b NS5A is not essential for HCV replication.
Novel, Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 Discovered through Structure-Based Design (2005)

The crystal structure of a previously reported screening hit 1 (CCT018159) bound to the N terminal domain of molecular chaperone Hsp90 has been used to design 5-amide analogues. These exhibit enhanced potency against the target in binding and functional assays with accompanying appropriate cellular pharmacodynamic changes. Compound 11 (VER-49009) compares favorably with the clinically evaluated 17-AAG.
The Evolution of Metabolic Function (1992)

Experiments in the Evolution of Catabolic Pathways Using Modern Bacteria (Robert P. Mortlock and Mark Gallo). Natural and Experimentally Evolved Pathways for the Utilization of D-Arabinose in Enteric Bacteria (Joanne Bartkus and Robert P. Mortlock). The Development of a Catabolic Pathway for Ethylene Glycol (Juan Aguilar and Laura Baldoma). Evolution of a-Aminoadipate Pathway for the Synthesis of Lysine in Fungi (J.K. Bhattacharjee). Common Ancestry of Escherichia coli Pyruvate Oxidase and the Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase of the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathway (Ying-Ying Chang). Evolution of Bacterial Alcohol Metabolism (David P. Clark). Microbial Metabolism of Mandelate: Occurrence, Function, Properties and Evolution of Mandelate Dehydrogenases and Other Enzymes of the Mandelate Pathway (Charles A. Fewson). Evolution of the Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System. Section I. Physiological and Organismic Considerations (Antonio H. Romano and Milton H. Saier, Jr.). Section II. Molecular Considerations (Milton H. Saier, Jr., Aiala Reizer, Gerald M. Pao, Jonathan Reizer, and Antonio H. Romano). An Emerging Outline of the Evolutionary History of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis (Roy A. Jensen). Life Before DNA: The Origin and Early Evolution of Early Archaean Cells (G.E. Fox, and J. Oro). The Prebiotic Evolution of Complex Molecules: A Central Role for Catalyzed Lysis (Kenneth Petren and Christopher Wills).
Compact Biocompatible Quantum Dots via RAFT-Mediated Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Random Copolymer Ligand (2009)

We present a new class of polymeric ligands for quantum dot (QD) water solubilization to yield biocompatible and derivatizable QDs with compact size (approximately 10-12 nm diameter), high quantum yields (>50%), excellent stability across a large pH range (pH 5-10.5), and low nonspecific binding. To address the fundamental problem of thiol instability in traditional ligand exchange systems, the polymers here employ a stable multidentate imidazole binding motif to the QD surface. The polymers are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization to produce molecular weight controlled monodisperse random copolymers from three types of monomers that feature imidazole groups for QD binding, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups for water solubilization, and either primary amines or biotin groups for derivatization. The polymer architecture can be tuned by the monomer ratios to yield aqueous QDs with targeted surface functionalities. By incorporating amino-PEG monomers, we demonstrate covalent conjugation of a dye to form a highly efficient QD-dye energy transfer pair as well as covalent conjugation to streptavidin for high-affinity single molecule imaging of biotinylated receptors on live cells with minimal nonspecific binding. The small size and low serum binding of these polymer-coated QDs also allow us to demonstrate their utility for in vivo imaging of the tumor microenvironment in live mice.
Taxol induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and death of prostate cancer cells. (1996)

Treatment of prostate cancer cell lines expressing bcl-2 with taxol induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and programmed cell death, whereas treatment of bcl-2-negative prostate cancer cells with taxol does not induce apoptosis. bcl-2 phosphorylation seems to inhibit its binding to bax since less bax was observed in immunocomplex with bcl-2 in taxol-treated cancer cells. These findings support the use of the anticancer drug taxol for the treatment of bcl-2-positive prostate cancers and other bcl-2-positive malignancies, such as follicular lymphoma.
The metabolism of thioacetanilide in the rat (1983)

The metabolism and acute toxicity of thioacetanilide was studied in the rat. Following intragastric dosage (100 mg/kg), over 90% dose was excreted in urine, predominantly as conjugated metabolites: less than 7% was recovered in the faeces, consisting of unchanged thioacetanilide. N-Acetyl-4-aminophenol sulphate was the major urinary metabolite, with smaller amounts of conjugated 4-hydroxythioacetanilide and unmetabolized thioacetanilide. Biliary excretion amounted to only 3.4% and was N-acetyl-4-aminophenol glucuronide. Although desulphuration was a major metabolic pathway in the rat, no hepatic toxicity (shown by serum enzymes, plasma bilirubin, hepatic glutathione and cytochrome P-450 levels) occurred up to doses of 500 mg/kg. Combination of rapid 4-hydroxylation, absence of sulphoxide formation, and the structural tautomerism exhibited by thioacetanilide may be, in part, responsible for these findings.
Chemosensitization and drug accumulation effects of VX-710, verapamil, cyclosporin A, MS-209 and GF120918 in multidrug resistant HL60/ADR cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP (1997)

Overexpression of the multidrug resistance MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein and/or the multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP confers multidrug resistance to cancer cells. The pipecolinate derivative VX-710 has previously been demonstrated to reverse MDR1-mediated multidrug resistance at concentrations of 0.5-2.5 microM by direct interaction with P-glycoprotein and inhibition of its drug efflux activity. In this study we investigated whether VX-710 as well as four other known MDR1 modulators could also reverse multidrug resistance mediated by MRP. VX-710 at 0.5-5 microM restored senstivity of MRP-expressing HL60/ADR promyelocytic leukemia cells to the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin, etoposide and vincristine. VX-710 was approximately 2-fold more effective than verapamil, MS-209 and CsA in modulating MRP-mediated multidrug resistance, whereas GF120918 had no significant effect. VX-710 was also more effective than verapamil, MS-209 and CsA in restoring the daunorubicin accumulation deficit in HL60/ADR cells and in increasing calcein uptake. A photoaffinity analog of VX-710, [3H]VF-13,159, specifically photo labeled the MRP protein and unlabeled VX-710 inhibited this binding in a concentration-dependent manner. These data suggest that VX-710 is not only a potent modulator of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance, but also affects multidrug resistance in MRP-expressing cells and may exert its action, at least in part, by binding directly to MRP.
Structure, chemistry, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron agents. (2004)

All intravenous (IV) iron agents are colloids that consist of spheroidal iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles. At the core of each particle is an iron-oxyhydroxide gel. The core is surrounded by a shell of carbohydrate that stabilizes the iron-oxyhydroxide, slows the release of bioactive iron, and
The Semliki Forest virus system: receptor expression and scale-up (1997)

Many healthcare professionals and their patients are aware of the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy, but may not be aware of specific nutritional recommendations on how to achieve a healthy pregnancy outcome. This review article aims to discuss the implications maternal nutritional status and weight gain have in both the short and long terms. Babies born to mothers with inadequate weight gain are more likely to be premature and small for gestational age (SGA). They are also predisposed to obesity and metabolic problems later in life. Women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy are at increased risk for developing type II diabetes later in life. Their offspring also have increased body fat as babies and during childhood. Pregnant women need to be informed about appropriate weight gain and how to achieve this, and should be given specific nutritional recommendations and weight-gain goals.
A protein factor essential for microtubule assembly. (1975)

A heat stable protein essentail for microtubule assembly has been isolated. This protein, which we designate tau (tau), is present in association with tubulin purified from porcine brain by repeated cycles of polymerization. Tau is separated from tubulin by ion exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose. In the absence of tau, tubulin exists entirely as a 6S dimer of two polypeptide chains (alpha and beta tubulin) with a molecular weight of 120,000, which will not assemble into microtubules in vitro. Addition of tau completely restores tubule-forming capacity. Under nonpolymerizing conditions, tau converts 6S dimers to 36S rings-structures which have been implicated as intermediates in tubule formation. Hence, tau appears to act on the 6S tubulin dimer, activating it for polymerization. The unique ability of tau to restore the normal features of in vitro microtubule assembly makes it likely that tau is a major regulator of microtubule formation in cells.
Testing the Conformational Hypothesis of Passive Membrane Permeability Using Synthetic Cyclic Peptide Diastereomers (2006)

Little is known about the effect of conformation on passive membrane diffusion rates in small molecules. Evidence suggests that intramolecular hydrogen bonding may play a role by reducing the energetic cost of desolvating hydrogen bond donors, especially amide N-H groups. We set out to test this hypothesis by investigating the passive membrane diffusion characteristics of a series of cyclic peptide diastereomers based on the sequence cyclo[Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Pro-Tyr]. We identified two cyclic hexapeptide diastereomers based on this sequence, whose membrane diffusion rates differed by nearly two log units. Results of solution NMR studies and hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments showed that membrane diffusion rates correlated with the degree of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and H/D exchange rates. The most permeable diastereomer, cyclo[d-Leu-d-Leu-Leu-d-Leu-Pro-Tyr] (1), exhibited a passive membrane diffusion rate comparable to that of the orally available drug cyclosporine A.
Homeodomain-interacting Protein Kinases, a Novel Family of Co-repressors for Homeodomain Transcription Factors (1998)

A novel family of cofactors that differentially interact with homeoproteins have been identified via a yeast two-hybrid screen. The proteins contain a conserved protein kinase domain that is separated from a domain that interacts with homeoproteins and hence are termed homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs): HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3. We show that HIPKs are nuclear kinases using GFP-HIPK fusion constructs. The DNA binding activity of the NK-3 homeoprotein is greatly enhanced by HIPK2, but this effect is independent of its phosphorylation by HIPK2. In cultured cells, HIPKs localize to nuclear speckles and potentiate the repressor activities of NK homeoproteins. The co-repressor activity of HIPKs depends on both its homeodomain interaction domain and a co-repressor domain that maps to the N terminus. Thus, HIPKs represent a heretofore undescribed family of co-repressors for homeodomain transcription factors.
Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles through Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Functionalization (2012)

Vinyl sulfides react rapidly and efficiently with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) to form α,β-unsaturated thiocarbenium ions through oxidative carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage. These electrophiles couple with appended π-nucleophiles to yield sulfur-containing heterocycles through carbon-carbon bond formation. Several nucleophiles are compatible with the procedure, and the reactions generally proceed through readily predictable transition states.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Prolactin Gene Develop Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate Gland (1997)

An altered endocrine status of elderly men has been hypothesized to be important for development of prostate hyperplasia. The present study addresses the question whether increased PRL expression is of importance for development of prostate hyperplasia in mice. Three lines of PRL transgenic mice were generated having serum levels of PRL of approximately 15 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 250 ng/ml, respectively. These mice developed dramatic enlargement of the prostate gland, approximately 20 times the normal prostate weight and they had a 4- to 5-fold increased DNA content. Histologically, the prostate glands in the transgenic mice were distended from secretion, and the amount of interstitial tissue was increased. The levels of testosterone and IGF-I were increased in the PRL transgenic animals. In mice overexpressing the bovine GH gene, displaying elevated IGF-1 levels, the prostate gland was slightly larger compared with normal mice, indicating that the effect of PRL was not primarily mediated through elevated plasma IGF-I levels. The present study suggests that PRL is an important factor in the development of prostate hyperplasia acting directly on the prostate gland or via increased plasma levels of testosterone.
Hindered Rotational Diffusion and Rotational Jumps of Single Molecules (1998)

We extended the sensitivity of fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements to the single molecule level by studying the polarization response of single fluorophores rapidly rotating in liquid. Comparison with a simple model calculation allows us to obtain information on the hindered motion as well as on the rotational diffusion in the presence of specific molecular interactions. We also observed rotational jumps between surface-bound and unbound states and show that they are, similar to jumps to long dark states, photoactivated.
Rapid dot-immunobinding assay on nitrocellulose for viral antibodies (1986)

A procedure is described for the routine laboratory diagnosis of viral serum antibodies. Antigens are dotted on nitrocellulose strips or sheets, and sera are applied on absorbent paper strips. Antigen-antibody complexes are detected with enzyme-conjugated antiglobulin and development of a colored, insoluble substrate product. The test allows processing of multiple sera in one 3- to 5-h operation and is equal to or more sensitive than serum neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and fluorescent antibody assays. Highly infectious viruses inactivated with a psoralen derivative and long-wavelength UV light irradiation can be used as antigens, allowing the study of human pathogens. Although the test detects cross-reacting, group-specific herpesvirus antigens, the intensity of the antibody reaction is greatest with type-specific antigens. Preliminary data suggest that the technique will be useful for the rapid typing of viruses from clinical specimens.
Predictive Gene Signature in MAGE-A3 Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapy (2013)

Purpose To detect a pretreatment gene expression signature (GS) predictive of response to MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic in patients with metastatic melanoma and to investigate its applicability in a different cancer setting (adjuvant therapy of resected early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]). Patients and Methods Patients were participants in two phase II studies of the recombinant MAGE-A3 antigen combined with an immunostimulant (AS15 or AS02 B ). mRNA from melanoma biopsies was analyzed by microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These results were used to identify and cross-validate the GS, which was then applied to the NSCLC data. Results In the patients with melanoma, 84 genes were identified whose expression was potentially associated with clinical benefit. This effect was strongest when the immunostimulant AS15 was included in the immunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.05; P = .06) and was less strong with the other immunostimulant AS02 B (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.97; P = .70). The same GS was then used to predict the outcome for patients with resected NSCLC treated with MAGE-A3 plus AS02 B ; actively treated GS-positive patients showed a favorable disease-free interval compared with placebo-treated GS-positive patients (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17 to 1.03; P = .06), whereas among GS-negative patients, no such difference was found (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.59 to 2.31; P = .65). The genes identified were mainly immune related, involving interferon gamma pathways and specific chemokines, suggesting that their pretreatment expression influences the tumor's immune microenvironment and the patient's clinical response. Conclusion An 84-gene GS associated with clinical response for MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic was identified in metastatic melanoma and confirmed in resected NSCLC.
Nonopsonic Binding of Type III Group B Streptococci to Human Neutrophils Induces Interleukin-8 Release Mediated by the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (2000)

Nonopsonic interaction of host immune cells with pathogens is an important first line of defense. We hypothesized that nonopsonic recognition between type III group B streptococcus and human neutrophils would occur and that the interaction would be sufficient to trigger neutrophil activation. By using a serum-free system, it was found that heat-killed type III group B streptococci bound to neutrophils in a rapid, stable, and inoculum-dependent manner that did not result in ingestion. Transposon-derived type III strain COH1-13, which lacks capsular polysaccharide, and strain COH1-11 with capsular polysaccharide lacking terminal sialic acid demonstrated increased neutrophil binding, suggesting that capsular polysaccharide masks an underlying binding site. Experiments using monoclonal antibodies to complement receptor 1 and to the I domain or lectin site of complement receptor 3 did not inhibit binding, indicating that the complement receptors used for ingestion of opsonized group B streptococci were not required for nonopsonic binding. Nonopsonic binding resulted in rapid activation of cellular p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. This interaction was not an effective trigger for superoxide production but did promote release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. The release of interleukin-8 was markedly suppressed by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 but was only minimally suppressed by the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059. Thus, nonopsonic binding of type III group B streptococci to neutrophils is sufficient to initiate intracellular signaling pathways and could serve as an arm of innate immunity of particular importance to the immature host.