gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methadone Conversion to EDDP during GC-MS Analysis of Urine Samples* (1999)

During validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the methadone metabolite 2-ethylidine-1,5dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), it was noted that detectable levels of EDDP were found during analysis of extracts from drug-free urine samples spiked with methadone. Different amounts of EDDP were detected by GC-MS during confirmation analysis; however, levels consistently exceeded 50 ng/mL at methadone concentrations > 10,000 ng/mL. Quantitation of EDDP was determined by the addition of EDDP-d3 to methadone-spiked urine samples. Subsequent analysis of methadone-spiked urine extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated no EDDP as a result of contaminated standard or conversion during solid-phase extraction. Reducing the GC injector-port temperature from 260 degrees C to 180 degrees C reduced the observed EDDP concentration in one sample from 201 ng/mL to 53 ng/mL at the initial methadone concentration of 10,000 ng/mL. These results indicate GC injector-port temperature induces thermal conversion of methadone to EDDP as an artifact. When confirmation of methadone and EDDP is critical to determining individual compliance with maintenance programs, alternative chromatographic methods (e.g., capillary electrophoresis, HPLC, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) should be considered.
Chloride Coordination by Oligoureas: From Mononuclear Crescents to Dinuclear Foldamers (2012)

A series of acyclic oligourea receptors which closely resemble the scaffolds and coordination behavior of oligopyridines have been synthesized. Assembly of the receptors with chloride ions afforded mononuclear anion complexes or dinuclear foldamers depending on the number of the urea groups.
Immunochemistry of food antigens. (1984)

The complex mixture of molecules called food contains many types of molecules, some of which cause allergic or pseudo-allergic reactions in some humans. The identification of the antigenic molecules in the various foods and the type of allergic reaction they elicit is important for the satisfactory diagnosis in the individual patient and in the control of modified foods. The study of food antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis allows investigations of individual antigens without the interference of other antigens which are present simultaneously. We studied cow's milk electrophoresed into anti-bovine whey and anti-bovine casein. A number of precipitates are described, including albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and immunoglobulin. The compositions of different infant milk formulae are compared with cow's milk heated under varying conditions. Albumin and immunoglobulins are the most labile components while beta-lactoglobulin is able to withstand even proteolysis by pepsin for some time. The antigenicity of these proteins in humans is shown by the presence of precipitating antibodies and specific IgE in human sera. Data from hen's egg white and wheat flour are reviewed in the same light. As an example of a reaction that is very difficult to differentiate from an immune reaction, the possible role of lectins is discussed.
Human guanylin: cDNA isolation, structure, and activity (1992)

Guanylin is a mammalian peptide homologue of heat-stable enterotoxins that acts on intestinal guanylate cyclase to elicit an increase in cyclic GMP. We have isolated a cDNA encoding an apparent precursor of guanylin from a human intestinal cDNA library. The mRNA is expressed at high levels in human ileum and colon. Human guanylin stimulated increases in T84 cell cyclic GMP levels, displaced 125I-labelled heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) binding to this cell line, and stimulated increases in short-circuit current (Isc) of isolated rat proximal colonic mucosa. This peptide may play a role in regulating fluid and electrolyte absorption in human intestines.
Autocrine Signaling by Wnt-5a Deregulates Chemotaxis of Leukemic Cells and Predicts Clinical Outcome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2015)

These observations identify Wnt-5a as the crucial regulator of ROR1 activity in CLL and suggest that the autocrine Wnt-5a signaling pathway allows CLL cells to overcome natural microenvironmental regulation.
Prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA is expressed in non-prostate cells: implications for detection of micrometastases. (1995)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is generally believed to be expressed only by prostate epithelium. If this were true of PSA, RNA, then detecting PSA RNA in cells outside of the prostate would indicate metastasis. PCR can detect rare prostate cancer cells. To enhance sensitivity, we developed "nested primer" PCR to detect PSA RNA. With this method, PSA RNA is present in several non-prostate cell lines, including BG-1 (ovarian), SK-MES-1 (lung), and HL-60 (myeloid leukemia), and some normal blood. A low level of PSA RNA detectable by nested primer PCR is present in some cells of non-prostate origin and may interfere with sensitive methods to detect micrometastases. Transcripts of other genes thought to be organ specific may have similar limitations.
ESI LC-MS and MS/MS Characterization of Antifungal Cyclic Lipopeptides Produced by <b><i>Bacillus subtilis </i></b>XF-1 (2012)

Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]⁺ (m/z 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C₁₆-C₁₉, fengycin B (C₁₄-C₁₇), fengycin C (C₁₅-C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅-C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅-C₁₈). Fengycin C (C₁₅ and C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
Performance analysis of network-assisted two-hop D2D communications (2014)

Network-assisted single-hop device-to-device (D2D) communication can increase the spectral and energy efficiency of cellular networks by taking advantage of the proximity, reuse, and hop gains. In this paper we argue that D2D technology can be used to further increase the spectral and energy efficiency if the key D2D radio resource management algorithms are suitably extended to support network assisted multi-hop D2D communications. Specifically we propose a novel, distributed utility maximizing D2D power control (PC) scheme that is able to balance spectral and energy efficiency while taking into account mode selection and resource allocation constraints that are important in the integrated cellular-D2D environment. Our analysis and numerical results indicate that multi-hop D2D communications combined with the proposed PC scheme can be useful not only for harvesting the potential gains previously identified in the literature, but also for extending the coverage of cellular networks.
Optimal Doppler centroid estimation for SAR data from a quasi-homogeneous source (1986)

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing, an accurate Doppler centroid is required for most applications involving target motion estimation and antenna pointing direction estimation. In some cases the Doppler centroid can be sufficiently determined using available information regarding the terrain topography, the relative motion between the sensor and the terrain, and the antenna pointing direction. But most often, a highly accurate Doppler centroid value has to be derived by analyzing the received SAR signal itself. This kind of signal processing is referred to as Doppler centroid estimation (DCE). This correspondence briefly describes two DCE algorithms, provides a performance summary for these algorithms, and presents the experimental results. These algorithms include a previously reported one and a newly developed one that is optimized for quasi-homogeneous sources. The performance enhancement achieved by the optimal DCE algorithm is clearly demonstrated by the experimental results.
Heterologous expression of AtClo1, a plant oil body protein, induces lipid accumulation in yeast (2009)

Proteomic approaches on lipid bodies have led to the identification of proteins associated with this compartment, showing that, rather than the inert fat depot, lipid droplets appear as complex dynamic organelles with roles in metabolism control and cell signaling. We focused our investigations on caleosin [Arabidopsis thaliana caleosin 1 (AtClo1)], a minor protein of the Arabidopsis thaliana seed lipid body. AtClo1 shares an original triblock structure, which confers to the protein the capacity to insert at the lipid body surface. In addition, AtClo1 possesses a calcium-binding domain. The study of plants deficient in caleosin revealed its involvement in storage lipid degradation during seed germination. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a heterologous expression system, we investigated the potential role of AtClo1 in lipid body biogenesis and filling. The green fluorescent protein-tagged protein was correctly targeted to lipid bodies. We observed an increase in the number and size of lipid bodies. Moreover, transformed yeasts accumulated more fatty acids (+46.6%). We confirmed that this excess of fatty acids was due to overaccumulation of lipid body neutral lipids, triacylglycerols and steryl esters. We showed that the original intrinsic properties of AtClo1 protein were sufficient to generate a functional lipid body membrane and to promote overaccumulation of storage lipids in yeast oil bodies.
When the Whites Go Marching In? Racism and Resistances in English Football (1996)

Interesting to see George Best sympathising in TV interviews about the racist abuse Cantona received.On January 12 during an Evening with George Best and Rodney Marsh at Croydon's Fairfield Halls
Engineered Antibodies of IgG1/IgG3 Mixed Isotype with Enhanced Cytotoxic Activities (2008)

Enhancement of multiple effector functions of an antibody may be a promising approach for antibody therapy. We have previously reported that fucose removal from Fc-linked oligosaccharides greatly enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we report a unique approach to enhance complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), another important effector function of antitumor antibodies, by using engineered constant region of human IgG1/IgG3 chimeric isotypes. We systematically shuffled constant domains of IgG1 and IgG3 to generate a comprehensive set of mixed chimeric isotypes of anti-CD20 antibodies. Among these, the variant 1133, consisting of the CH1 and the hinge each from IgG1 and the Fc from IgG3, was unexpectedly found to exhibit markedly enhanced CDC that exceeded wild-type levels. However, it lacked protein A-binding capacity, an important feature for the industrial production. To eliminate this deficiency, a portion in COOH-terminal CH3 domain of 1133 was substituted with IgG1, resulting in full recovery of protein A binding without compromising the enhanced CDC and ADCC activities. The CDC-enhancing effect using a chimeric isotype was also shown in CD52 antigen/antibody system. The ADCC activity of the variants was also maximized by the absence of fucose from its carbohydrate structure, a phenomenon that has previously been observed for wild-type antibodies. Enhanced cytotoxicity of a variant was confirmed in a cynomolgus monkey model. These findings suggest that the variant antibodies with IgG1/IgG3 chimeric constant regions and nonfucosylated oligosaccharides that possess dual-enhanced cytotoxic functions may be an improvement for the next generation of therapeutic antitumor antibodies.
Increased plasma free tryptophan levels in human cancer: a tumor related effect? (1991)

High free tryptophan (F-TRP) plasma levels are found in cancer patients (CP). F-TRP plasma concentrations are affected by the levels of its carrier, albumin (ALB), and free fatty acids (FFA) competing with TRP for ALB binding sites. The lack of correlation between F-TRP, ALB and FFA in CP suggests a tumor-dependent effect on the rise in F-TRP. To verify this hypothesis, F-TRP, ALB and FFA levels were assayed in 12 lung and 16 breast CP susceptible to radical surgery, before and 15 days after surgical removal of the tumor. F-TRP levels significantly decreased after tumor ablation. Since no correlation was found between F-TRP, ALB and FFA variations, it is conceivable that the tumor itself may be responsible for the high F-TRP levels in CP.
Detection of Methicillin/Oxacillin Resistance and Typing in Aminoglycoside-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant and Kanamycin-Tobramycin-Resistant Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Eighty-five atypical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus divided into 73 aminoglycoside-susceptible methicillinresistant (AS-MRSA) and 12 kanamycin-tobramycin-resistant methicillin-susceptible (KTR-MSSA) were phenotypically and genotypically examined for methicillin resistance. Among these tests, the diffusion method using the oxacillin and cefoxitin disks on Mueller-Hinton agar with and without NaCl, the incubation at 35 degrees C or 30 degrees C for 24 or 48 hr, respectively, and the determination of oxacillin MICs by E-test were performed. We also examined the presence of the mecA gene by PCR and its product PBP 2a by the Slidex MRSA Detection test after induction by cefoxitin disk. All of the AS-MRSA strains (100%) were detected by the cefoxitin disk in all conditions and by the oxacillin disk on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2% of NaCl at 35 degrees C. Without NaCl, the sensitivity fell to 97.2% by oxacillin disk. The oxacillin MICs for these isolates ranged from 2 to 128 mg/L. The mecA gene determinant and its product PBP 2a were detected in all AS-MRSA strains. All KTR-MSSA strains were phenotypically methicillin-susceptible and oxacillin MICs were below or borderline of breakpoint (< or =2 mg/L). The mecA gene determinant and its product were detected in one strain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied and revealed the presence of two major patterns A (36.9%) and B (46.2%) in AS-MRSA isolates and seven patterns in the KTR-MSSA strains.
Analysis on resonator coupling and its application to CMOS quadrature VCO at 8 GHz (2003)

A low phase noise CMOS quadrature VCO is presented. A transformer resonator coupling is analyzed. It is found that the coupled resonator has high frequency selectivity. The Q factor of a coupled resonator is (1+k) times higher than a single LC resonator. This enhancement leads to low phase noise and low power consumption of a VCO. The VCO is implemented using 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Two VCOs are linked to generate I-Q signals by the direct current modulation method. The VCO shows low phase noise performances of -110 and -117 dBc/Hz at the offset frequencies of 600 kHz and 1 MHz respectively. The oscillation frequency is 8 GHz. The tuning range of 250 MHz is achieved with a control voltage from 0 to 1 V. The VCO draws 8 mA in core circuits with 3 V supply.
A 90-kd surface antigen from a subpopulation of smooth muscle cells from human atherosclerotic lesions. (1989)

A monoclonal antibody, designated 10F3, that reacts with an antigen with a molecular weight of 90,000 daltons has been obtained after immunization of BALB/c mice with long-term cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) originally isolated from fetal human aorta (fSMC). In adults the antigen is present on venous, arterial and capillary endothelial cells of heart, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, skin, uterus, placenta, and arteries only, as shown by immunohistochemical investigation using the PAP technique. The antigen 10F3 is also present on the mesenchymal cells of human fetal tissues (7 and 18-week-old fetuses) and on SMC of 7-week-old fetal aorta, and a subpopulation of cells reacting with 10F3 antibody also has been found in atherosclerotic intima. Double staining using 10F3 antibody and muscle actin-specific monoclonal antibody HHF-35 showed that the antigen-positive cells are smooth muscle cells. In primary culture of adult SMC, antigen-positive cells were detected 2 days after seeding (about 90% positive in medial and intimal cultures). It is suggested that 10F3 is a mesenchymal antigen that, lost during differentiation by cells other than endothelium, but expressed again by the SMC involved in atherogenesis.
Networking Requirements and Solutions for a TV WWW Browser (1997)

Most people cannot access the World Wide Web (WWW) and other Internet services because access requires a complex and expensive computer. Moreover, the bandwidth offered to the general public is mostly limited by today's analog modems through standard telephone lines. An inexpensive, easy-to-use Internet/WWW access service, able to handle bandwidth-intensive, multimedia-oriented WWW pages, is currently not available to the general public. Some concrete proposals, and even completed products, have been provided by the computer and communications industry. Nonetheless, these solutions are either still too expensive and complex or have limited bandwidth. One service that introduces a simple and inexpensive way to access the Internet, while providing high bandwidth, is the IVDS/WWW Browser. Controlled by a central WWW Browser Server, the WWW pages are displayed on a standard television set using an IVDS (Interactive Video and Data Service) Decoder Box, an inexpensive hardware device. The user can access the WWW using a remote control device. This thesis presents the networking requirements and solutions for the IVDS/WWW Browser Server and the IVDS Decoder Box.
The Arc of synaptic memory (2009)

The immediate early gene Arc is emerging as a versatile, finely tuned system capable of coupling changes in neuronal activity patterns to synaptic plasticity, thereby optimizing information storage in the nervous system. Here, we attempt to overview the Arc system spanning from transcriptional regulation of the Arc gene, to dendritic transport, metabolism, and translation of Arc mRNA, to post-translational modification, localization, and degradation of Arc protein. Within this framework we discuss the function of Arc in regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics underlying consolidation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor endocytosis underlying long-term depression (LTD) and homeostatic plasticity. Behaviorally, Arc has a key role in consolidation of explicit and implicit forms of memory, with recent work implicating Arc in adaptation to stress as well as maladaptive plasticity connected to drug addiction. Arc holds considerable promise as a "master regulator" of protein synthesis-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, but the mechanisms that modulate and switch Arc function are only beginning to be elucidated.
Genetic effects of thymine glycol: site-specific mutagenesis and molecular modeling studies. (1989)

The mutational specificity and genetic requirements for mutagenesis by 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol), one of the principal DNA lesions induced by oxidation and ionizing radiation, has been investigated in Escherichia coli. Thymine glycol was positioned at a unique site in the single-stranded genome of a bacteriophage M13mp19 derivative. Replication of the genome in E. coli yielded targeted mutations at a frequency of 0.3%; the mutations were exclusively T----C. Mutagenesis was independent of SOS and nth (nth encodes endonuclease III, a thymine glycol repair enzyme). The adduct was not detectably mutagenic in duplex DNA. A chemical rationalization for the mutation observed for thymine glycol was developed by applying molecular modeling and molecular mechanical calculations to the same DNA sequence studied in vivo. Modeling suggested that the 5R,6S isomer of cis-thymine glycol, when not base paired, was displaced laterally by approximately 0.5 A toward the major groove in comparison to the position that thymine would otherwise occupy. This perturbation of DNA structure should increase the likelihood of a guanine.thymine glycol wobble base pair during replication, which would explain the mutational specificity of the base observed in the genetic experiments.
Purification and properties of the cellulases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus (1980)

Three cellulases and a beta-glucosidase were purified from the culture filtrate of the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. The isolated enzymes were all homogeneous on polyacrylamide-disc-gel electrophoresis. Data from chromatography on Bio-Gel P-60 and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated mol.wts. of 87000 (beta-glucosidase), 78000 (cellulase I), 49000 (cellulase II) and 34000 (cellulase III); the carbohydrate contents of the enzymes were 33.0, 5.5, 2.6 and 1.8% (w/w) respectively. Although the three purified cellulases were active towards filter paper, only cellulases I and III were active towards CM(carboxymethyl)-cellulose. Cellulase I was also active towards yeast glucan. The Km and catalytic-centre-activity values for the enzymes were as follows; 0.52 mumol/ml and 6.5 X 10(4) for beta-glucosidase on p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside, 3.9 mg/ml and 6.3 for cellulase I on CM-cellulose, 1.2 mg/ml and 1.1 for cellulase I on yeast glucan, 35.5 mg/ml and 0.34 for cellulase II on filter paper, and 1.9 mg/ml and 33 for cellulase III on CM-cellulose.
Ternary-Search-Based Scheme to Measure Link Available-Bandwidth in Wired Networks (2010)

Accurate measurement of available bandwidth (ABW) is an important parameter to analyze network performance. Active measurement is an attractive approach as it has the advantage of controllability and flexibility for performing network measurement. However, it can affect both the data traffic and the measurement process itself if a significant amount of probe traffic is injected into the network. Furthermore, measurement must be completed in short time to effectively monitor the network state. In this paper, we propose a fast ABW measurement scheme that generates a small amount of probe traffic to achieve an acceptable measurement accuracy. The proposed scheme achieves an accuracy comparable to that of popular existing schemes. We present a performance study of the proposed scheme through ns2 simulation under different traffic conditions.
Multicellular Self-Assembled Spheroidal Model of the Blood Brain Barrier (2013)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) has evolved unique characteristics such as dense coverage of the endothelial cells by pericytes and interactions with astrocytes through perivascular endfeet. We study BBB formation in a 3-dimensional multicellular spheroid system of human primary brain endothelial cells (hpBECs), primary pericytes (hpPs) and primary astrocytes (hpAs). We show for the first time that hpBECs, hpPs and hpAs spontaneously self-organize into a defined multicellular structure which recapitulates the complex arrangement of the individual cell types in the BBB structure. Pericytes play a crucial role mediating the interaction between hpBECs and hpAs. This process is not dependent on a scaffold support demonstrating that formation and cellular architecture of the BBB is intrinsically programmed within each specific cell type. In a matrigel setup the hpBECs, hpPs and hpAs also undergo self-arrangement to form endothelial tube-like structures tightly covered by hpPs and loosely attached hpAs mainly at the junctions.