gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous extraction of functional face subspaces (2003)

Facial variation divides into a number of functional subspaces. An improved method of measuring these was designed within the space defined by an Appearance Model. Initial estimates of the subspaces (lighting, pose, identity, expression) were obtained by Principal Components Analysis on appropriate groups of faces. An iterative algorithm was applied to image codings to maximise the probability of coding across these non-orthogonal subspaces before obtaining the projection on each sub-space and recalculating the spaces. This procedure enhances identity recognition, reduces overall sub-space variance and produces Principal Components with greater span and less contamination.
Group II Phospholipase A<sup>2</sup> in Neoplastic Diseases (1997)

Bran is known to reduce iron absorption. There is, however, no information on the relationship between the amount of bran added and the decrease in iron absorption. In the present study a comparison was made of the iron absorption from a white wheat bread and a bread baked with different amounts of bran added (from 10 to 0.3%). There was a decrease in iron absorption from rolls baked with added bran in amounts equal to and greater than 3.3 %. A significant linear relationship was found between the ratio of absorption with/without added bran and the log amount of bran added. From the relationship observed it is concluded that addition of approximately 7% of bran to wheat bread decreases ironabsorption by a factor of two. It is considered reasonable to ascribe the marked reductionin iron absorption to the content of phytate in bran.
A mass spectrometric approach to the characterization of protein folding reactions (1998)

The arsonous acids melarsen oxide and pyridinyl-3-arsonous acid were successfully applied for chemical trapping of otherwise transient (un)folding intermediates. The trapped and arsonous acid-modified peptides and proteins were amenable to direct molecular weight determination by mass spectrometry, e.g. by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Arsonous acids exhibited several advantageous features such as (i) cross-linking two closely spaced thiol groups providing detailed tertiary structure information, (ii) high solubility as monomeric and oligomeric derivatives in aqueous solution, (iii) adding a relatively large mass increment to proteins upon single modification and (iv) performing fast and specific modification of bis-thiol groups in proteins to form stable structures without any side reactions even with a high molar excess of arsonous acids. Bis-cysteine thiol-selective modification of vasopressin with pyridinyl-3-arsonous acid was confirmed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry measurements. The major product obtained by denaturing unfolding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and trapping with melarsen oxide eluted like folded BPTI in high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, indicating a “native-like” structure of this folding intermediate. The results obtained from the investigated model compounds suggest a general applicability of arsonous acids for selective bis-thiol modifications, enabling the study of protein folding reactions by mass spectrometry.
Chemical Analysis of Single Cells and Exocytosis (1997)

Recent advances in the development of microscale analytical techniques have allowed minute amounts of compounds of biological interest to be monitored in microenvironments. Microcolumn separation techniques, such as microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, provide a means of obtaining high-efficiency separations of analytes in picoliter to femtoliter volume samples. Voltammetric microelectrode techniques, such as amperometry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, are ideally suited for monitoring transiently occurring chemical events in cellular and subcellular processes owing to their rapid response times and small structural dimensions. The principles and applications of these techniques in single-cell analysis are discussed throughout this review. Multicomponent separations and quantitations of large invertebrate neurons of the land snail Helix neurons and the pond snail Planorbis corneus dopamine neurons, and of small mammalian cells, bovine adrenal cells, rat PC12 cells, and human lymphocytes, by use of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are presented. Electrochemical monitoring of neurotransmitter exocytosis from single adrenal cells, from PC12 cells, and from the cell body of the Planorbis dopamine neuron is highlighted. Results obtained from both separation and voltammetric techniques in single-cell analyses will provide a better understanding of cellular and/or neuronal chemistry and biology in complicated living environments.
Gradient Elution in Reversed-Phase HPLC (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGradient Elution in Reversed-Phase HPLCLloyd R. Snyder, Marilyn Stadalius, and Mary Ann QuarryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 14, 1412A–1430Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online29 May 2012Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00264a716https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00264a716research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Freeman-Samuelson Total Arthroplasty of the Knee (1985)

Experience with cementless fixation over the last six years indicates that the technique offers greater opportunities for bone conservation. Thus, when cement is used, and especially if it is forced into the skeleton under pressure, the amount of bone incorporated into the implant is considerable. Conversely, if no cement is used, grafting techniques to fill defects are becoming increasingly routine, so that today no bone may be removed from the replaced knee or hip--all fragments that are excised are repositioned as grafts in defects. Thus, cementless fixation meets the fundamental orthopedic maxim of the conservation of bone stock. Given that an implant can be fixed with satisfactory clinical results without cement and without bone ingrowth, it becomes difficult to demonstrate a clinical advantage for the latter. Nevertheless, bone ingrowth is possible both experimentally and (with less confidence) in man. Thus, it is clearly a technique that should be evaluated. However, it is not, in the senior author's view, a technique that should as yet be generally used. Hopefully, investigations of this problem will take place in a restrained scientific way rather than by the current method, which is in response to the dictates of fashion and commerce.
Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease (2015)

This report provides evidence that proinflammatory dysbiosis is present in PD patients and could trigger inflammation-induced misfolding of α-Syn and development of PD pathology.
Mast cell subpopulations in the synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis: selective increase in numbers of tryptase-positive, chymase-negative mast cells (1998)

Although there is relatively little evidence of inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), increases in mast cell numbers and mast cell activation are prominent features of the synovial tissue. As little is known of the types of mast cells which may be involved, the numbers and distribution of mast cell subpopulations have been investigated as defined according to their content of proteases. Tissue was obtained from patients with OA undergoing total knee replacement surgery (n = 14) and from control subjects either post-mortem (n = 11) or following leg amputation for peripheral vascular disease (n = 3); a double-labelling immunocytochemical procedure with monoclonal antibodies specific for tryptase and chymase was applied to identify those mast cells which contain both tryptase and chymase (MCTC) and those with tryptase but not chymase (MCT). There was considerable variation between individual tissues and between sites of tissue sampling, but cells of the MCTC subset were predominant in the synovial layer of both groups of subjects without joint disease, accounting for some 60 per cent of all mast cells present. In tissue from OA patients, however, there appeared to have been a striking shift in the relative proportions of mast cells from the MCTC to the MCT phenotype, with many more MCT cells present in the synovial tissues of OA patients (median 53 MCT/mm2) than in tissue from post-mortem (7.5 MCT/mm2, P < 0.0001) or amputation controls (12 MCT/mm2). In contrast, numbers of synovial MCTC cells in the synovium of OA patients (20 MCTC/mm2) differed little from those in either of the control groups (both 12 MCTC/mm2). In several other conditions, the MCT cells have been linked with inflammatory events, but it seems that in OA, other factors may be operating to induce a selective expansion of this subpopulation.
Nicotine treatment of mild cognitive impairment (2012)

This study provides Class I evidence that 6 months of transdermal nicotine (15 mg/day) improves cognitive test performance, but not clinical global impression of change, in nonsmoking subjects with amnestic MCI.
Carbazole nematic liquid crystals (2010)

A number of calamitic 2,7-diary-N-alkyl-substituted carbazoles with an enantiotropic nematic phase have been prepared. Branching of the aliphatic chain attached to the nitrogen atom in the carbazole ring leads to significantly lower liquid crystal transition temperatures. These new materials show a lower ionisation potential than fluorene analogues and blue photoluminescence in solution and as thin solid films.
Laminin Modified Infection‐Preventing Collagen Membrane Containing Silver Sulfadiazine–Hyaluronan Microparticles (2002)

The newly developed laminin modified infection-preventing collagen membrane consists of a 3 component laminate, comprising 2 outer collagen layers and a central laminin layer. The 2 outer collagen layers (dense and porous layers) were fabricated by air-drying and freeze drying, respectively, and the laminin layer was formed by a straightforward liquid coating method. In addition, hyaluronan based microparticles containing silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) were incorporated into the 2 collagen layers (AgSD content 50 microg/cm2). Laminin coated collagen surfaces did not promote fibroblast attachment but showed a retarded fibroblast proliferation rate and an increased rate of collagen synthesis versus pure collagen surfaces. In an animal study, a laminin coating on a nonmedicated collagen membrane significantly increased both wound size reduction and vessel proliferation 7 days after application versus polyurethane film. Interestingly, the laminin coated AgSD medicated collagen membrane demonstrated higher wound size reduction and vessel proliferation and lower inflammation than the polyurethane control, suggesting that the laminin AgSD medicated collagen membrane substantially improves dermal wound healing.
Simplified method for silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels and the mechanism of silver staining (1985)

Abstract The study of effects of several parameters on silver staining of proteins has led to the development of a staining method which is simple and reliable, requires only few stable solutions, and can be applied to all gel types such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) containing polyacrylamide or isoelectric focusing gels. It can be used for ultrathin layers (0.1–0.2 mm) or thicker slab gels (up to 3 mm). With this method not only proteins but also polypeptides of molecular weights as low as 2500 are detectable with high sensitivity. Comparison of isoelectric focusing and SDS‐containing gels and a simple spot test on thin gellayers show that the detection sensitivity depends not so much on the type of proteins but rather on their structure. The redox properties of the gel are important for the staining mechanism.
β-Amyloid-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity:  Implications for Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVOpen ForumNEXTβ-Amyloid-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's DiseaseD. Allan ButterfieldView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055 Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10, 5, 495–506Publication Date (Web):May 19, 1997Publication History Received30 July 1996Published online19 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx960130ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/tx960130ediscussionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Free radicals,Membranes,Peptides and proteins,Toxicology Get e-Alerts
Chicken Interferon Gene: Cloning, Expression, and Analysis (1994)

A gene encoding chicken interferon (ChIFN) was cloned from a cDNA library made from primary chick embryo cells that had been "aged" in vitro so as to produce copious amounts of IFN upon induction. The coding region is predicted to produce a signal peptide of 31 amino acids and a mature protein of 162 amino acids with a molecular weight of 18,957. There are four potential N-glycosylation sites and six cysteine residues. Three disulfide bonds are possible, with two being common to most mammalian type I IFNs. A motif of 10 amino acids surrounding Cys-137 is highly conserved: It shows 80% homology with mammalian type I IFNs, but only 30% with a reported fish IFN. The T-rich 3' UTR displays the canonical element AATAAA required for polyadenylation, and contains six repeats of the octamer CTATTTAT that may be involved in down-regulating translation. Northern blots demonstrate that the accumulation of ChIFN mRNA correlates with induction of ChIFN determined by bioassay. Biologically active protein was synthesized in transfected mouse L cells using mRNA prepared in vitro from the cloned sequence. This activity was neutralized by a monoclonal antibody prepared against purified ChIFN. The ChIFN gene shows sequence identity at the amino acid/nucleotide level with consensus mammalian IFNs as follows: alpha (24/23%), beta (20/24%), omega (23/43%), tau (20/43%), gamma (3/31%), and with flatfish IFN (16/35%). The conserved features of the predicted ChIFN protein and the general similarity of predicted secondary structure suggest a molecule that fits the five alpha-helix three-dimensional topology reported for type I mammalian IFNs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aminomethylations via Cross-Coupling of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates with Aryl Bromides (2007)

[reaction: see text] The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of N,N-dialkylaminomethyltrifluoroborates with aryl halides allows the construction of an aminomethyl aryl linkage through a disconnection based on dissonant reactivity patterns. A variety of these aminomethyltrifluoroborate substrates were prepared in good to excellent yields and then shown to cross-couple with equal facility to both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl halides as well as to a variety of heteroaromatic bromides.
Alterations in pim-1 and c-myc expression associated with sodium butyrate-induced growth factor dependency in autonomous rat Nb2 lymphoma cells. (1996)

Whereas Nb2-11 lymphoma cells critically require prolactin (PRL) for growth, Nb2-SFJCD1 subline cells are growth factor independent. Treatment with the differentiating agent, sodium butyrate (NaBT), has been demonstrated previously to lead to growth arrest of Nb2-SFJCD1 cells and a transient reversion to PRL growth requirement following removal of NaBT. In the present study, the relation of NaBT-induced growth arrest to the cell cycle was examined using flow cytometry, and the effect of PRL on expression of the immediate-early proto-oncogenes, pim-1 and c-myc, in NaBT-pretreated cultures was evaluated. Treatment of Nb2-SFJCD1 cells with 2 mM NaBT for 72 h caused growth arrest in the majority of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, an effect similar to that produced by lactogen deprivation in PRL-dependent Nb2 cultures. The addition of PRL stimulated a concentration-dependent re-entry into the cell cycle. In other experiments, NaBT treatment significantly reduced the steady-state levels of pim-1 and c-myc mRNA. Stimulation with PRL induced a rapid and concentration-dependent biphasic accumulation of each mRNA with similar kinetics. Maximal expression of both proto-oncogenes occurred within 2-4 h and after 12 h. Results from mRNA stability studies suggest that the observed increases in expression of pim-1 and c-myc most likely do not reflect increased stability of the transcripts. The results indicate that NaBT-induced differentiation in autonomous Nb2-SFJCD1 causes growth arrest of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and reduces the basal levels of pim-1 and c-myc mRNAs. Mitogenic stimulation with PRL reinitiates cell cycle progression characterized by biphasic expression of each proto-oncogene. It is suggested that NaBT is a useful tool for investigation of the malignant progression from growth factor dependency to autonomy in the Nb2 lymphoma paradigm.
The composition of Staufen-containing RNA granules from human cells indicates their role in the regulated transport and translation of messenger RNAs (2004)

hStaufen is the human homolog of dmStaufen, a double-stranded (ds)RNA-binding protein involved in early development of the fly. hStaufen-containing complexes were purified by affinity chromatography from human cells transfected with a TAP-tagged hStaufen gene. These complexes showed a size >10 MDa. Untagged complexes with similar size were identified from differentiated human neuroblasts. The identity of proteins present in purified hStaufen complexes was determined by mass spectrometry and the presence of these proteins and other functionally related ones was verified by western blot. Ribosomes and proteins involved in the control of protein synthesis (PABP1 and FMRP) were present in purified hStaufen complexes, as well as elements of the cytoskeleton (tubulins, tau, actin and internexin), cytoskeleton control proteins (IQGAP1, cdc42 and rac1) and motor proteins (dynein, kinesin and myosin). In addition, proteins normally found in the nucleus, like nucleolin and RNA helicase A, were also found associated with cytosolic hStaufen complexes. The co-localization of these components with hStaufen granules in the dendrites of differentiated neuroblasts, determined by confocal immunofluorescence, validated their association in living cells. These results support the notion that the hStaufen-containing granules are structures essential in the localization and regulated translation of human mRNAs in vivo.
Lattice Widening in Niobium‐Doped TiO2 Nanotubes: Efficient Ion Intercalation and Swift Electrochromic Contrast (2008)

Widely accommodating: Novel TiO2/Nb nanotube layers (see picture, right) are grown on a titanium–niobium alloy. Niobium doping of TiO2 enlarges the cell parameters of the anatase lattice (left; Nb green, Ti gray, O red), facilitating the intercalation of H+ and Li+ ions, and even larger Na+ ions (blue) into the lattice. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802598_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Automotive big data (2013)

The motivation of the project is to allow for analysis of sensitive car data. This data is in the form of XML files. To protect the data, a synthetic dataset that is representative of the real world data is generated. This ensures the integrity of the data while protecting the manufacturer and customer.
The Chemokines CCL5, CCL2 and CXCL12 Play Significant Roles in the Migration of Th1 Cells into Rheumatoid Synovial Tissue (2003)

As the T-cell population in the synovial tissue (ST) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is dominated by T helper (Th) 1 cells, this study was designed to examine whether there is a preferential migration of polarized T cells to ST, and to identify the chemokines responsible for the migration. This was done by developing 10 T-cell clones specific for an arbitrary antigen (mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG)) from the peripheral blood (PB) of a healthy donor sensitized to mouse IgG. The Th polarizations of the clones were determined by measuring secreted interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, following anti-CD3 stimulation. Migration to pools of RA ST cell-derived supernatants was analysed. Expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR3 and CXCR4 were analysed by flow cytometry. Th1 clones showed significantly higher migration to RA ST cell-derived supernatant compared with Th2 clones. Blocking of either of the chemokines, CCL5 or CCL2, strongly inhibited migration of the Th1 cells between 56 and 77%, while blocking of CXCL12 inhibited migration between 44 and 61%. Blocking of CXCL10 had only a minor inhibitory effect. Our results demonstrate a selective migration of Th1 cells to RA ST supernatant and that blocking either CCL5, CCL2 or CXCL12 significantly inhibits T-cell migration. This indicates that CCL5, CCL2 and CXCL12 play significant roles in attracting Th1 cells towards the RA ST, and may prove potent targets for obstructing T-cell migration to the synovium.