gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulk Optodes Based on Neutral Dithiocarbamate Ionophores with High Selectivity and Sensitivity for Silver and Mercury Cations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBulk Optodes Based on Neutral Dithiocarbamate Ionophores with High Selectivity and Sensitivity for Silver and Mercury CationsMarkus. Lerchi, Elmar. Reitter, Wilhelm. Simon, Ernoe. Pretsch, Didarul A. Chowdhury, and Satsuo. KamataCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 10, 1713–1717Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00082a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00082a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Pharmacology of mTOR Inhibition (2009)

A flurry of reports indicates that we are entering a new phase in the development of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-based therapies for oncology. Here, we summarize exciting findings regarding mTOR signaling and the outlook for mTOR inhibitors as tools to study the mTOR pathway and as drugs in the clinic.
Protein Found That Binds to Cisplatin-DNA Adducts (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTProtein Found That Binds to Cisplatin-DNA Adducts▪ High-mobility group protein binds specifically to adducts, may provide clue to mechanism of cisplatin cytotoxicityRUDY BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 16, 19–20Publication Date (Print):April 20, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 20 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n016.p019https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n016.p019newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Antineoplastic agents Get e-Alerts
Construction and expression of recombinant plasmids encoding type 1 fimbriae of a urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate (1983)

The type 1 fimbriae of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been implicated as important virulence factors in mediating Klebsiella urinary infections. The chromosomally encoded fimbrial genes were cloned by a cosmid cloning technique. Further subcloning was performed with the cloning vehicles pBR322 and pACYC184, and a recombinant plasmid containing the fimbrial genes was constructed. After transformation by this plasmid, both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were shown to express fimbriae which reacted with Klebsiella fimbrial antiserum. The approximate location of the relevant genes on the chimeric plasmid was determined by insertion of the transposable element Tn5. Hemagglutination-negative phenotypes were used to estimate the minimum size of the DNA fragment necessary to encode fimbrial biosynthesis and expression. The size of the coding region of this fragment was found to be 5.5 kilobase pairs.
Diabetogenic action of 5-thio-D-glucopyranose in rats (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiabetogenic action of 5-thio-D-glucopyranose in ratsDaniel Joseph. Hoffman and Roy L. WhistlerCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 12, 4479–4483Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00852a044https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00852a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein-interacting Protein (WIP) Binds to the Adaptor Protein Nck (1998)

Nck is a ubiquitous adaptor molecule composed of three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains followed by a single SH2 domain. Nck links, via its SH2 domain, tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors to effector proteins that contain SH3-binding proline-rich sequences. In this report, we demonstrate that recombinant Nck precipitates endogenous WIP, a novel proline-rich protein that interacts with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), from BJAB cell lysates. Nck binds through its second SH3 domain to WIP, and Nck binds to WIP at a site (amino acids 321-415) that differs from the WASP-binding site (amino acids 416-488). WIP has been shown to associate with the actin polymerization regulatory protein profilin and to induce actin polymerization and cytoskeletal reorganization in lymphoid cells. We demonstrate the presence of profilin in Nck precipitates suggesting that Nck may couple extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton via its interaction with WIP and profilin.
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19—Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper (2020)

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients experiencing cytokine storm are believed to have a worse prognosis and increased fatality rate. In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, cytokine storm appears important to the pathogenesis of several severe manifestations of COVID-19: acute respiratory distress syndrome, thromboembolic diseases such as acute ischemic strokes caused by large vessel occlusion and myocardial infarction, encephalitis, acute kidney injury, and vasculitis (Kawasaki-like syndrome in children and renal vasculitis in adult). Understanding the pathogenesis of cytokine storm will help unravel not only risk factors for the condition but also therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response and deliver improved outcomes in COVID-19 patients at high risk for severe disease. In this article, we present an overview of the cytokine storm and its implications in COVID-19 settings and identify potential pathways or biomarkers that could be targeted for therapy. Leveraging expert opinion, emerging evidence, and a case-based approach, this position paper provides critical insights on cytokine storm from both a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint.
Impedance control of an aerial manipulator (2012)

This work focuses on the modeling and control of an innovative configuration of aerial robot arising from the combination of a vertical take-off and landing aircraft and a robotic arm. The overall system, denoted as aerial manipulator, is able to accomplish operations requiring the physical interaction with the surrounding environment while remaining airborne. After introducing a detailed dynamical model, a control law, based on the impedance control paradigm, able to govern all the degrees of freedom of the system is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm are investigated also considering the case in which contacts with the surrounding environment are achieved.
Hierarchy of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in individuals carrying different subtypes of an HLA allele: implications for epitope-based antiviral vaccines (1997)

Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in healthy virus carriers constitute a primary effector arm of the immune system in controlling the proliferation of virus-infected B cells in vivo. These CTLs generally recognize target epitopes included within the latent antigens of the virus. For example, CTLs from HLA B44+ healthy virus carriers often recognize peptide EENLLDFVRF [corrected] from EBV nuclear antigen 6. However, the strength of this response directly correlates with the HLA B44 subtype expressed by the individual donor. Indeed, HLA B*4405+ virus carriers consistently show a very high frequency of CTL precursors for the EENLLDFVRF [corrected] epitope, while a much weaker response is seen in HLA B*4403+ and HLA B*4402+ individuals. This disparity is not due to an intrinsic difference in the CTLs generated by individuals carrying different subtypes of HLA B44. In fact, virus-specific CTLs recognize EENLLDFVRF [corrected] peptide-sensitized HLA B*4405+ target cells more efficiently than B*4402+ or B*4403+ target cells irrespective of the HLA B44 subtype expressed by the donors from whom these effectors were isolated. This effect is evident whether the CTL epitope is endogenously processed or exogenously presented. In addition, a comparison of the intracellular transport kinetics of different B44 subtypes revealed that the B*4405 allele is rapidly assembled and arrives in the trans-Golgi compartment at a faster rate than B*4402 or B*4403. Based on these results, we propose that HLA class I alleles that are capable of binding peptides more efficiently from the intracellular pool, and are rapidly assembled and transported, may confer a protective advantage against viral infection.
Linear Transformations in Hilbert Space and Their Applications to Analysis (1932)

Abstract Hilbert space and its realizations Transformations in Hilbert space Examples of linear transformations Resolvents, spectra, reducibility Self-adjoint transformations The operational calculus The unitary equivalence of self-adjoint transformations General types of linear transformations Applications Index.
Evolution of multi-drug resistant hepatitis B virus during sequential therapy (2006)

Multi-drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported in hepatitis B patients who received sequential antiviral therapy. In vitro studies showed that HBV constructs with mutations resistant to lamivudine and adefovir have marked reduction in sensitivity to combination of lamivudine and adefovir, whereas constructs with mutations resistant to either drug remain sensitive to the other drug. We conducted this study to determine whether mutations conferring resistance to multiple antiviral agents co-locate on the same HBV genome in vivo and to describe the evolution of these mutations. Sera from six patients who had been found to have multi-drug resistant HBV mutations to lamivudine+adefovir, lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), or lamivudine+entecavir on direct sequencing were cloned after nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of 215 clones from 11 samples with multi-drug resistant mutations on direct sequencing showed that 183 (85%) clones had mutations to both therapies on the same genome; 31 clones had lamivudine-resistant mutants only. Clonal analysis of serial samples from three patients showed progressive evolution from all clones with lamivudine-resistant HBV mutations only to mixtures of clones that have multi-drug resistant mutations and clones that have lamivudine-resistant HBV mutations only, and ultimately all clones having multi-drug resistant HBV mutations. In conclusion, mutations conferring resistance to multiple antiviral agents co-locate on the same viral genome, suggesting that combination therapy directed against mutants resistant to each treatment may not be adequate in suppressing multi-drug resistant HBV. De novo combination therapy may prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistant mutants.
Food-Grade Bacteria Expressing Elafin Protect Against Inflammation and Restore Colon Homeostasis (2012)

Elafin, a natural protease inhibitor expressed in healthy intestinal mucosa, has pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in animal models. We found that mucosal expression of Elafin is diminished in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This defect is associated with increased elastolytic activity (elastase-like proteolysis) in colon tissue. We engineered two food-grade strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to express and deliver Elafin to the site of inflammation in the colon to assess the potential therapeutic benefits of the Elafin-expressing LAB. In mouse models of acute and chronic colitis, oral administration of Elafin-expressing LAB decreased elastolytic activity and inflammation and restored intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, when cultures of human intestinal epithelial cells were treated with LAB secreting Elafin, the inflamed epithelium was protected from increased intestinal permeability and from the release of cytokines and chemokines, both of which are characteristic of intestinal dysfunction associated with IBD. Together, these results suggest that oral delivery of LAB secreting Elafin may be useful for treating IBD in humans.
The IL23/Th17 Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (2012)

IL-23 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-12 cytokine family. IL-23 is essential for the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes, a subtype of T lymphocyte implicated in chronic inflammatory/autoimmune mediated diseases. IL-23 and Th17 correspond to a new axis that drives immune activation and chronic inflammation through the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells. Animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic joint diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases and demyelinating diseases strongly suggest the involvement of this cytokine pathway. Thus, IL-23/Th17 is considered as a relevant therapeutic target in autoimmune driven diseases, and biological agents blocking IL-23 or IL-17 are currently being developed. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the common p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. This treatment has demonstrated its efficacy over placebo in randomized placebo controlled trials and is currently licensed for the treatment of psoriasis. It has also demonstrated its efficacy in psoriatic arthritis. Results for Crohn's disease were less evident, while ustekinumab was ineffective in multiple sclerosis. Secukinumab is an IL-17A monoclonal antibody that is under development and preliminary results have suggested its efficacy in inflammatory mediated diseases such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. Several other IL-23 or IL-17 neutralizing agents are being evaluated in clinical trials. The biological properties of the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 axis and the clinical applications of the drugs that aim to block its functions are reviewed here. Targeting the IL-23/Th17 axis seems to be a relevant and realistic therapeutic approach and these new agents pave the way for additive and alternative treatments to currently available biologics in chronic inflammatory diseases.
CAP37, an inflammatory mediator in Alzheimer's disease (2008)

CAP37 is an inflammatory mediator that plays a key role in innate immunity. Recently, we showed that CAP37 is present in the vasculature of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that it is a potent regulator of microglial functions. The objective of this study was to extend these observations to determine the role of CAP37 as an inflammatory mediator in AD. Tissue was obtained from temporal, parietal, midbrain, and hippocampus from 10 AD patients, patients diagnosed with Pick's disease, Diffuse Lewy Body Dementia with AD‐aging, vascular dementia with no AD pathology, and sex‐ and age‐matched controls. Immunohistochemistry showed that in addition to the previously observed endothelial expression of CAP37 in AD patients, CAP37 was expressed in hippocampal neurons including dentate gyrus as well as pyramidal neurons of regions CA1–4 and the subiculum. Tissues obtained from patients with other neurodegenerative diseases and age‐ and sex‐matched controls lacked staining for CAP37. In vitro studies demonstrated that CAP37 is expressed in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion in HCN‐1A neurons in response to beta‐amyloid peptide 1–40 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha but not interleukin 1‐beta. These findings lead us to hypothesize that CAP37 induced in neurons in AD patients activates microglia resulting in the exacerbation of the inflammatory cascade leading to neuronal death. Support: Alzheimer's Association.
A proof of the data compression theorem of Slepian and Wolf for ergodic sources (Corresp.) (1975)

If <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{(X_i, Y_i)\}_{i=1}^{\infty}</tex> is a sequence of independent identically distributed discrete random pairs with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(X_i, Y_i) ~ p(x,y)</tex> , Slepian and Wolf have shown that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> process and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</tex> process can be separately described to a common receiver at rates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_X</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_Y</tex> hits per symbol if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_X + R_Y &gt; H(X,Y), R_X &gt; H(X\midY), R_Y &gt; H(Y\midX)</tex> . A simpler proof of this result will be given. As a consequence it is established that the Slepian-Wolf theorem is true without change for arbitrary ergodic processes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{(X_i,Y_i)\}_{i=1}^{\infty}</tex> and countably infinite alphabets. The extension to an arbitrary number of processes is immediate.
Current therapeutic approaches for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (2010)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous spectrum of disorders requiring selective therapy based on patients' specific clinical features, predominantly their prognostic subgroups, age and performance status. Guidelines for management of patients with MDS have been generated by a number of national panels. This review focuses on evidence-based data supporting therapeutic approaches, which have also been recommended by the US National Comprehensive Cancer Network MDS Panel, with discussion of accessibility of recommended drugs in the US and in other countries. For lower risk disease (International Prognostic Scoring System Low and Intermediate-1) therapy is aimed at haematological improvement whereas for higher risk disease (Intermediate-2 and High) treatment focuses on altering disease natural history. Recent information regarding additional clinical and biological features has provided useful parameters for assessing disease prognosis that aid risk-based management decisions. The rationale for use of low versus high intensity therapies with these agents, including allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is discussed in detail.
Participation of the renin-angiotensin system in the captopril-induced worsening of anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. (1986)

The study was aimed to show whether the renin-angiotensin system acts on erythropoiesis in chronic renal failure patients with hemodialysis, since captopril leads to the worsening of anemia in such patients. The average dose of captopril in 13 cases studied was 19.3 mg per day and duration of the administration was 48 days. Blood-pressure fall by captopril was accompanied with the worsening of anemia. There were significant decreases in hemoglobin (8.3%), hematocrit (7.3%), red blood cell count (7.6%) and reticulocyte count (43.7%). Angiotensin II was significantly decreased (15.7%) with significant reductions of plasma aldosterone concentration (15.2%) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (45.7%), and with significant increases in plasma renin activity (158.6%) and in angiotensin I (238.3%). However, plasma erythropoietin concentration remained unchanged. Serum iron concentration was slightly but significantly increased after captopril. Reticulocyte count was significantly correlated with AII either before (r = 0.716, p less than 0.01) or after captopril (r = 0.658, p less than 0.05). There was significant correlation between angiotensin II and red blood cell count before captopril (r = 0.710, p less than 0.01). It is concluded from the present study that the reduction of angiotensin II by captopril might contribute to the worsening of anemia seen in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Treatment of autoimmune disease with extracorporeal photochemotherapy: pemphigus vulgaris--preliminary report. (1990)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy is a new form of immunotherapy which involves the extracorporeal photoinactivation of peripheral blood cells by 8-methoxypsoralen in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation, followed by readministration of the cells. To explore the efficacy of this therapy in the treatment of autoimmune disease, four patients with a lengthy history of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drug-resistant pemphigus vulgaris were initiated on extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Three patients experienced a complete remission in cutaneous disease expression, permitting discontinuation of medications in two and a substantial decrease in the third. Significant reductions in serum antiepidermal cell antibody titers occurred in all four patients. The treatments were well tolerated without the occurrence of adverse events. These results in a small number of patients suggest that extracorporeal photochemotherapy may prove to be a useful tool in the treatment of aggressive autoimmune disease.