gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The YoYo: A Handheld Device Combining Elastic and Isotonic Input. (2003)

Abstract: We present a new input device for controlling three-dimensional graphics applications: the YoYo. The device consists of three elastically connected rings in a row, which can be moved relative to each other. The center ring holds a tracking sensor and a few application programmable buttons. The left and the right ring are elastic six degree of freedom controllers. The device is designed for two-handed interaction and combines elastic force input and isotonic input in a single device. Compact size, symmetric shape, and the elastic properties result in a “soft ” and responsive feel of the device. We have used the YoYo for navigation and manipulation in three-dimensional graphics applications in the area of data exploration and scientific visualization. An informal user study and user observations have shown that novice users are quite confident with the device after a short introduction, and that most users alternate between using elastic rate control and isotonic control for navigation.
The Evolution of the Bacterial Luciferase Gene Cassette (lux) as a Real-Time Bioreporter (2012)

The bacterial luciferase gene cassette (lux) is unique among bioluminescent bioreporter systems due to its ability to synthesize and/or scavenge all of the substrate compounds required for its production of light. As a result, the lux system has the unique ability to autonomously produce a luminescent signal, either continuously or in response to the presence of a specific trigger, across a wide array of organismal hosts. While originally employed extensively as a bacterial bioreporter system for the detection of specific chemical signals in environmental samples, the use of lux as a bioreporter technology has continuously expanded over the last 30 years to include expression in eukaryotic cells such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and even human cell lines as well. Under these conditions, the lux system has been developed for use as a biomedical detection tool for toxicity screening and visualization of tumors in small animal models. As the technologies for lux signal detection continue to improve, it is poised to become one of the first fully implantable detection systems for intra-organismal optical detection through direct marriage to an implantable photon-detecting digital chip. This review presents the basic biochemical background that allows the lux system to continuously autobioluminesce and highlights the important milestones in the use of lux-based bioreporters as they have evolved from chemical detection platforms in prokaryotic bacteria to rodent-based tumorigenesis study targets. In addition, the future of lux imaging using integrated circuit microluminometry to image directly within a living host in real-time will be introduced and its role in the development of dose/response therapeutic systems will be highlighted.
Determination of fat and water content in vitro and in vivo by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1991)

Abstract Proton NMR spectroscopy was performed on a series of pork samples containing varying proportions of fat and muscle and on a series of control and obese mice. Initial measurements were made using a 0.5 T (21 MHz) whole body imaging system and the results were expressed as the ratio of water and lipid hydrogen peak areas. With pork samples the NMR results correlated well with per cent water or lipid in the tissue (r = 0.99 for 20‐ and 50‐g samples). For the mice the correlation between per cent water or lipid in the body and the NMR measurement was 0.92. Subsequent measurements were made using a 4.7 T (200 MHz) imaging/spectrometer from which separate integral values were obtained for the water and lipid hydrogen peaks. The separation of the water and lipid peaks was 3.5 ppm. For pork samples measured with the 4.7 T system the correlation between the peak area and the amount of water or lipid in the sample was 0.997 with the standard error of the estimate being ±0.72 g for water and ±1.00g for lipid. NMR imaging was used to determine the relative amount of fat and muscle in a cross‐section of a control and an obese rat.
Differential Expression of MHC Class II Antigen in the Contused Rat Spinal Cord (1993)

Following contusion injury to the dorsal surface of thoracic rat spinal cord, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (Ia) antigen expression by microglia was evaluated throughout the developing lesion. Past investigations of various central nervous system (CNS) lesions have examined short-term or acute sequelae of post-traumatic Ia expression. This report demonstrates that in animals allowed to recover for 18 (sub-chronic) and 45 (chronic) days post-injury, MHC class II antigen is expressed differently at rostral and caudal extents of the lesion as compared with the lesion's epicenter. Following contusion injury to the thoracic spinal cord, sub-chronically injured animals demonstrated Ia-positive microglial staining throughout the white matter rostral and caudal to the epicenter of the lesion, whereas Ia-positive microglia and/or perivascular cells are localized within the gray matter adjacent to it. MHC class II immunoreactivity is down-regulated on microglia at chronic survival times but clusters of Ia-positive macrophages are prominent in regions of maximal degeneration at the epicenter of the lesion. Our findings support the theory that two distinct populations of macrophages participate in resolving traumatic injury. One population is the parenchymal CNS microglia and the other is presumably exudate macrophages derived from the blood. Furthermore, the immunocompetence of these cells as measured by MHC expression may be differentially regulated. This hypothesis is based on differences in Ia-positive staining observed between microglia and macrophages over time concomitant with differences in the spatial distribution of these cell types.
Electrospinning of silica nanochannels for single molecule detection (2006)

We have fabricated silica nanochannels with inner diameter as small as 20nm using a scanned coaxial electrospinning and demonstrated their application for single molecule detection. A coaxial jet, with the use of motor oil as the core and silica sol-gel solution as the shell, is extruded through a coaxial source and deposited on the rotating collector as oriented nanofibers. They are then annealed to cross-link silica and eliminate motor oil, thereby forming nanochannels. Subsequently, a fluorescent dye was injected into the individual nanochannels via a capillary force and single molecule detection was performed by monitoring the photon signals from 5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein.
Photoluminescence and polarized photodetection of single ZnO nanowires (2004)

Single crystal ZnO nanowires are synthesized and configured as field-effect transistors. Photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements show defect-related deep electronic states giving rise to green-red emission and absorption. Photocurrent temporal response shows that current decay time is significantly prolonged in vacuum due to a slower oxygen chemisorption process. The photoconductivity of ZnO nanowires is strongly polarization dependent. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ZnO nanowire is a remarkable optoelectronic material for nanoscale device applications.
Identification of Intraarticular and Periarticular Uric Acid Crystals with Dual-Energy CT: Initial Evaluation (2011)

Initial retrospective assessment suggests that dual-energy CT is a sensitive, noninvasive, and reproducible method for identifying uric acid deposits in joints and periarticular soft tissues in patients suspected of having gout.
BLSTM supported GEV beamformer front-end for the 3RD CHiME challenge (2015)

We present a new beamformer front-end for Automatic Speech Recognition and apply it to the 3rd-CHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge. Without any further modification of the back-end, we achieve a 53% relative reduction of the word error rate over the best baseline enhancement system for the relevant test data set. Our approach leverages the power of a bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory network to robustly estimate soft masks for a subsequent beamforming step. The utilized Generalized Eigenvalue beamforming operation with an optional Blind Analytic Normalization does not rely on a Direction-of-Arrival estimate and can cope with multi-path sound propagation, while at the same time only introducing very limited speech distortions. Our quite simple setup exploits the possibilities provided by simulated training data while still being able to generalize well to the fairly different real data. Finally, combining our front-end with data augmentation and another language model nearly yields a 64 % reduction of the word error rate on the real data test set.
Relationship of bonding to electronic spectra. Comments (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationship of bonding to electronic spectra. CommentsJosef MichlCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 5, 127–128Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00173a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00173a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical Outcomes of Transplanted Modified Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Stroke (2016)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01287936.
Erythropoietin and enriched housing in Marlau™ cages protect neurons and cognitive function in epileptic rats (2009)

Patients with epilepsy often suffer debilitating cognitive and psycho-affective disorders.In some cases, epilepsy is associated to neurodegenerative processes that are the targetof certain therapeutical agents. Today, erythropoietin is considered as one of the most promising neuroprotective agents. In addition, an increased body of studies provides evidence that enrichment (or complexity) of housing decreases the cerebral vulnerabilityin the context of diverse brain insults. In this thesis, we demonstrate: 1) in a model ofepilepsy with large neuronal lesions, that erythropoietin protects the most vulnerable neuronal populations to excitotoxic injury, at the only condition that neuronal expression of its receptor is optimized prior to the primary insult causing epilepsy; 2) in a model of epilepsy associated with faint neuronal lesions that: i) erythropoietin prevents anxietyand impaired spatial learning and memory, ii) enriched housing in Marlau™ cages is moreefficient than erythropoietin, and iii) erythropoietin treatment abolishes beneficial effectsof enriched housing. These results, obtained in animal models of epilepsies associatedwith cognitive disorders establish that beneficial effects of a potential therapeutic agentmay rely on quality of life
Herpes simplex virus specifies two subunits of ribonucleotide reductase encoded by 3'-coterminal transcripts (1986)

We have previously described a transcription unit located between map coordinates 0.558 and 0.595 on the herpes simplex virus type 2 strain 333 genome which encodes two mRNAs of 5.0 and 1.2 kilobases that share a common 3' terminus, and we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 38,000-dalton protein specified by the smaller RNA (D. A. Galloway and M. A. Swain, J. Virol. 49:724-730, 1984). The entire nucleotide sequence of the 140,000-dalton protein specified by a 3,432-base-pair open reading frame within the large mRNA is presented, as are transcriptional regulatory sequences upstream of the RNA. The 140,000-dalton protein shows strong homology with the large subunit of well-characterized ribonucleotide reductase enzymes from the mouse and from Escherichia coli and with an Epstein-Barr virus gene. The 38,000-dalton protein has been shown previously to have homology with the small subunit of these enzymes (B.-M. Sjoberg, H. Eklund, J. A. Fuchs, J. Carlson, N. M. Standart, J. V. Ruderman, S. J. Bray, and T. Hunt, FEBS Lett. 183:99-102, 1985). This is the first example of a herpesvirus transcriptional unit that encodes functionally related proteins.
Expression and localization of TRPV1 in human nasal mucosa. (2006)

Capsaicin is the pungent principle in chili peppers and previous studies reported that topical application of capsaicin to patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis produced significant and long-lasting relief of symptoms. The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1, VR1) is a nociceptive transducer and the existence of TRPV1 in non-neuronal cells as well as neuronal cells has been reported. In order to clarify the role of TRPV1 on the upper airway, we examined the localization and the expression of TRPV1 in human nasal mucosa. Surgically obtained human nasal specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry with commercial anti-TRPV1 antibody. We also performed immunofluorescence with anti-TRPV1 antibody and anti-neurofilament antibody or anti-CD31 antibody. Epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells were cultured from nasal turbinates, respectively. For RT-PCR analysis, total RNA was isolated, and then RT-PCR was performed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that TRPV1 positive cells were found on epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, submucosal glands and nerves in human nasal mucosa. By RT-PCR analysis, the mRNA expression of TRPV1 was confirmed in human nasal mucosa. These results suggest that capsaicin can directly influence the epithelial secretory and various functions via TRPV1 as well as the activation of the sensory neurons.
Celastrols as Inducers of the Heat Shock Response and Cytoprotection (2004)

Alterations in protein folding and the regulation of conformational states have become increasingly important to the functionality of key molecules in signaling, cell growth, and cell death. Molecular chaperones, because of their properties in protein quality control, afford conformational flexibility to proteins and serve to integrate stress-signaling events that influence aging and a range of diseases including cancer, cystic fibrosis, amyloidoses, and neurodegenerative diseases. We describe here characteristics of celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene and an active component from Chinese herbal medicine identified in a screen of bioactive small molecules that activates the human heat shock response. From a structure/function examination, the celastrol structure is remarkably specific and activates heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) with kinetics similar to those of heat stress, as determined by the induction of HSF1 DNA binding, hyperphosphorylation of HSF1, and expression of chaperone genes. Celastrol can activate heat shock gene transcription synergistically with other stresses and exhibits cytoprotection against subsequent exposures to other forms of lethal cell stress. These results suggest that celastrols exhibit promise as a new class of pharmacologically active regulators of the heat shock response.
The Creatine Kinase System in Normal and Diseased Human Myocardium (1985)

We measured creatine kinase activity, isozyme composition, and total creatine content in biopsy samples of left ventricular myocardium from 34 adults in four groups: subjects with normal left ventricles, patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis, patients with coronary artery disease without left ventricular hypertrophy, and patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis. As compared with specimens of normal left ventricles, those from all patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had lower creatine kinase activity, higher MB creatine kinase isozyme content and activity, and lower creatine content. Specimens from the patients without left ventricular hypertrophy had normal creatine kinase activity, increased MB creatine kinase isozyme content and activity, and decreased total creatine content. The normal ventricles showed almost no MB isozyme content or activity. These data suggest that changes in the creatine kinase system occur in both pressure-overload hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. Patients with myocardial infarction who have mild or no preexisting fixed coronary artery disease or pressure-overload hypertrophy would not be expected to have elevation of serum MB creatine kinase.
Molecular Trees: A New Branch of Chemistry (1996)

Two hot areas in chemistry are dendrimers—highly branched polymers that are synthesized in stages from a core, in a manner resembling a snowflake—and self-assembly, the synthesis of molecules through molecular recognition. These ideas have been combined by Zimmerman et al. (p. 1095) in a report in this week's issue of Science . Bell discusses how these authors have produced dendrimers from smaller subunits in one step to create nanometer-scale particles.
NMR Spectroscopy of the Human Heart (1996)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the human heart has focused on the noninvasive detection of high-energy metabolites—phosphocreatine (PCr), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which fuels muscular contraction—using the 31P nucleus. New applications of 1H MRS to measure total creatine (CR) and myocardial lipids are emerging, while the potential use of hyperpolarized 13C to image cardiac glycolytic metabolism is on the horizon. The value of MRS lies in providing reliable quantitative measures of parameters that index metabolic reserve. The range of techniques used to spatially localize 31P, 1H, and 13C MRS signals to the heart, along with the methods developed to reproducibly quantify the PCr/ATP ratio, absolute metabolite concentrations, and the forward reaction rate of generating ATP from PCr via the creatine – kinase (CK) reaction, are all reviewed. Using the body of published work, literature average values for PCr/ATP, [PCr], [ATP], [CR], intracellular pH, pseudo first-order CK reaction rate, and CK flux, in the normal healthy human heart are reported herein. Then, the quantitative changes in metabolic parameters seen in myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in failing heart, valve disease, transplanted hearts, and in patients with diabetes and other disorders that affect the human heart, are presented and discussed. MRS provides noninvasive access to endogenous human cardiac energy metabolism that contributes unique information to our understanding of the physiology of the normal heart, its disease processes, and the evaluation of metabolic responses to therapy.
Durability of radiation-sterilized polymers: radiation resistance of high molecular weight polypropylene (1987)

Le polymere, de tres haute masse moleculaire, avec une cristallinite plus faible, est plus stable a l'irradiation γ
Phakopsora pachyrhizi , the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (2009)

At the beginning of the disease, small, tan-coloured lesions, restricted by leaf veins, can be observed on infected soybean leaves. Lesions enlarge and, 5-8 days after initial infection, rust pustules (uredia, syn. uredinia) become visible. Uredia develop more frequently in lesions on the lower surface of the leaf than on the upper surface. The uredia open with a round ostiole through which uredospores are released.
Synthetic nucleosides and nucleotides. XI. Facile synthesis and antitumor activities of various 5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides. (1978)

Condensation of 2, 4-bis-trimethylsilyloxy-5-fluoropyrimidine (2a) with 1-O-acetyl-2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose (3a) by Friedel-Crafts catalysts has been studied. When the reaction was run in acetonitrile at room temperature for 3 hr with 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio of the base, sugar and stannic chloride, 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-benzoyl-5-fluorouridine (4a) was obtained in an excellent yield (98%). As 1-O-acetyl sugars, 1, 2, 3, 5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose (3b), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose (3c), and 1, 2-di-O-acetyl-3-p-toluenesulfonyl-5-O-methoxycarbonyl-D-xylofuranose (3d) could also be used in place of 3a to give the corresponding 1-β-D-glycosyl nucleosides highly stereoselectively. The same method of nucleoside synthesis was extended to the 5-fluorocytosine series to afford 5-fluorocytidine (7a) and 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine (7b) in good yields starting from trimethylsilylated N4-acetyl-5-fluorocytosine (6). Additionally, 2, 4-dimethoxy-5-fluoropyrimidine (2b) could be coupled with 3a in similar conditions to give 1-(2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-methoxy-5-fluoro-1, 2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (4e) in good yield. The antitumor activities of the various products obtained against ascites Sarcoma 180 are also described.
Observation of nonlinear optical rectification at 10.6 μm in compositionally asymmetrical AlGaAs multiquantum wells (1989)

We report the first experimental evidence of a nonlinear optical effect due to intersubband transitions in compositionally asymmetrical multiquantum wells. The effect is detected as an optical rectification signal appearing at the structure terminals when irradiated by a continuous 10.6 μm CO2 laser. The net electro-optical coefficient of the structure is found to be 7.2 nm/V which is more than three orders of magnitude higher than for bulk GaAs. The results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Sub‐proteome analysis of novel IgE‐binding proteins from Bermuda grass pollen (2005)

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) pollen (BGP) is one of the most common causes of airway allergic disease, and has been shown to contain over 12 allergenic proteins on 1-D immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblots. However, only a few allergens have been identified and characterized. Cyn d 1 is a major allergen and the most abundant protein in BGP, representing 15% of the whole-pollen extract. To investigate variability in the IgE-reactive patterns of BGP-sensitized patients and to identify other prevalent allergens, a BGP extract was passed through an affinity column to remove Cyn d 1, and the non-bound material was collected and analyzed by 2-DE. IgE-reactive proteins were subsequently characterized by immunoblotting using serum samples from ten BGP-allergic patients. The prevalent IgE-reactive proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, N-terminal sequence similarity, and LC-MS/MS. Here, we present a sub-proteome approach for allergen investigation and its use for determining BGP 2-DE profiles and identifying six novel allergens.