gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Checks and Balances in Autoimmune Vasculitis (2018)

Age-associated changes in the immune system including alterations in surface protein expression are thought to contribute to an increased susceptibility for autoimmune diseases. The balance between the expression of coinhibitory and costimulatory surface protein molecules, also known as immune checkpoint molecules, is crucial in fine-tuning the immune response and preventing autoimmunity. The activation of specific inhibitory signaling pathways allows cancer cells to evade recognition and destruction by the host immune system. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat cancer has proven to be effective producing durable antitumor responses in multiple cancer types. However, one of the disadvantages derived from the use of these agents is the appearance of inflammatory manifestations termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs are often relatively mild, but more severe irAEs have been reported as well including several forms of vasculitis. In this article, we argue that age-related changes in expression and function of immune checkpoint molecules lead to an unstable immune system, which is prone to tolerance failure and autoimmune vasculitis development. The topic is introduced by a case report from our hospital describing a melanoma patient treated with ICIs and who subsequently developed biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Following this case report, we present an in-depth review on the role of immune checkpoint pathways in the development and progression of autoimmune vasculitis and its relation with an aging immune system.
Association of Protease Activity in Vibrio cholerae Vaccine Strains with Decreases in Transcellular Epithelial Resistance of Polarized T84 Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2000)

Culture supernatants prepared from reactogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae cause a decrease in the transcellular epithelial resistance of T84 intestinal cells. This decrease correlates with the presence of hemagglutinin/protease but not with the presence of other potential accessory toxins or proteases. These data suggest a possible role for hemagglutinin/protease in reactogenicity, although other factors may also contribute.
An Arabidopsis mutant defective in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. (1992)

Mutants of Arabidopsis deficient in a major leaf phenylpropanoid ester, 2-O-sinapoyl-L-malate, were identified by thin-layer chromatographic screening of methanolic leaf extracts from several thousand mutagenized plants. Mutations at a locus designated SIN1 also eliminate accumulation of the sinapic acid esters characteristic of seed tissues. Because of increased transparency to UV light, the sin1 mutants exhibit a characteristic red fluorescence under UV light, whereas wild-type plants have a blue-green appearance due to the fluorescence of sinapoyl malate in the upper epidermis. As determined by in vivo radiotracer feeding experiments, precursor supplementation studies, and enzymatic assays, the defect in the sin1 mutants appears to block the conversion of ferulate to 5-hydroxyferulate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. As a result, the lignin of the mutant lacks the sinapic acid-derived components typical of wild-type lignin.
Factors Controlling the Efficiency of Tat-mediated Plasmid DNA Transfer (2004)

The conditions of DNA-peptide complex formation and DNA/Tat ratio have significant impact on the level of transgene expression and degree of DNA protection from nuclease attack. The level of elevation of gene delivery in the presence of chloroquine varied considerably between different cells, indicating possible different mechanisms of plasmid-peptide internalisation and intracellular trafficking. The efficiency of branched 8Tat peptide as a plasmid DNA carrier varied between different cell types and have to be optimised for each application.
49.2: Corbino TFTs for Large‐Area AMOLED Displays (2014)

Abstract The use of a Corbino thin‐film transistor (TFT) as the driving‐TFT in large‐area active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display pixels is reported. Given the infinite output resistance exhibited by the Corbino TFT beyond pinch‐off, the same drive (diode) currents are maintained, even with voltage (IR) drop‐related variations in the supply voltage (V DD ).
MINOCYCLINE THERAPY (1972)

<i>To the Editor</i>.—The use of the antibiotic minocycline in our practice has revealed a propensity to the development of vertigo in six out of 20 patients so treated. We feel that this possible complication of therapy should be brought to the attention of our colleagues. We had the opportunity to investigate a volunteer who developed vertigo on minocycline. Significant in this patient's past history was a sudden hearing loss in the right ear in November 1969, with the simultaneous onset of vertigo which cleared within a few days. The sudden hearing loss responded to medical therapy with an almost complete return of hearing with the exception of a few islands of hearing loss. The patient was placed on minocycline in November 1971, and, as with the other patients, developed disabling vertigo within 24 hours. The vertigo remitted after the cessation of the use of the drug. Because of this
Challenges for Biomarkers in Cancer Detection (2004)

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Biomarkers can be used to detect cancer in different stages, initiation, development, and progression. The desirable property and utility of a biomarker lie in its ability to provide an early indication of disease progression. Biomarkers should be easy to detect, measurable across populations, and useful for detection of cancer at an early stage, identification of high-risk individuals, detection of recurrence, or monitoring endpoints in intervention studies. Recent technological advances have helped develop noninvasive, sensitive, and specific biomarkers to detect cancer at early stages of the disease.
The physics of biological molecular motors (1998)

Molecular motors are the fundamental agents of movement in living organisms.A prime example is the actomyosin motor that powers muscle contraction.We illustrate the remarkable physics of this motor using a simplified three-state model, in which a myosin cross-bridge attaches to an actin filament, tilts over and then detaches.This 'cross-bridge cycle', driven by ATP hydrolysis, is similar to a thermodynamic cycle, except that the molecular system is stochastic.Random transitions in the cycle therefore produce tension fluctuations, which have recently been observed in single-molecule experiments.Furthermore, since the rate constants for attachment and tilting depend on the elastic energy in the cross-bridge spring, the molecular motor is a highly nonlinear mechanical system.A bias tension 'stretch activates' the motor, and it then develops the remarkable property of 'negative viscosity', which allows it to perform as a self-sustained mechanical oscillator.However, when a series of attachment sites is available, the motor operates instead as a ratchet, pulling the actin filament rapidly forwards against a light load, whilst a heavy load pulls the filament only very slowly in the opposite direction.Similar ideas may apply to the dynein-tubulin motor that powers cilia and flagella and the kinesin-tubulin motor used in intracellular transport.
Effects of addition of cell wall degrading enzymes on the chemical composition and the in sacco degradation of grass silage (1989)

Abstract Herbage (83% Lolium perenne and 17% Trifolium repens ) was harvested 15,28 and 42 d after second cut, and ensiled in 1.5 liter preserving jars either directly, at 20% dry matter (DM), or wilted (30 and 45% DM). Each variant was ensiled with and without a commercial preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes and stored for 90 d at 30°C. Samples were then incubated in nylon bags in the rumens of three cannulated cows for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 288 h to study the in sacco degradation of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and (hemi) cellulose. Addition of cell wall degrading enzymes significantly decreased cell wall content. The magnitude Of the decrease was influenced by stage of maturity and DM percentage. Maturity increased the DM content as well as decreasing the effect of enzymes on cell wall components. Lactic acid content increased and the pH value and ammonia ( P &lt; 0.05) decreased, indicating a greater extent of fermentation in the enzyme‐treated silages. Enzyme treatment had no effect on the content of digestible OM estimated by in vitro incubations. The undegradable fractions of OM, CP and cell wall components were not significantly changed by the addition of enzymes. The results suggest that the cell wall degrading enzymes affected the insoluble, rumen‐degradable fractions, thereby increasing the instantly degradable fractions. Consequently, the calculated effective degradation of OM and CP in the enzyme‐treated silages was significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) higher than in the untreated silages.
Functionalized Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2012)

Scaffolds (artificial ECMs) play a pivotal role in the process of regenerating tissues in 3D. Biodegradable synthetic polymers are the most widely used scaffolding materials. However, synthetic polymers usually lack the biological cues found in the natural extracellular matrix. Significant efforts have been made to synthesize biodegradable polymers with functional groups that are used to couple bioactive agents. Presenting bioactive agents on scaffolding surfaces is the most efficient way to elicit desired cell/material interactions. This paper reviews recent advancements in the development of functionalized biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering, emphasizing the syntheses of functional biodegradable polymers, and surface modification of polymeric scaffolds.
Ultrafast Coherent Control Spectroscopy (2012)

Coherent control of quantum systems is currently a very active area of research in physics and chemistry. The goal of coherent control is to prepare molecules in specic quantum states that can lead to different chemical reactions, e.g. fragmentation and isomerization. One approach is the control of interference between multiple quantum pathways via their phases from the initial to the final state which consequently excites one molecular state or molecule over another with shaped pulses. The other approach is to generate different reaction products with pulses that match specic transient Franck Condon windows and transfer the wavepacket in a precise phase of vibrational motion to a new electronic state. Recently, there are increasing applications of coherent control towards cellular imaging. It is especially benecial for distinguishing broadband fluorophores with similar two-photon absorption crosssections, e.g. for free and enzyme-bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In this thesis, we discriminate between samples containing either free NADH or enzyme-bound NADH solutions with pulses that have a phase jump at a given frequency within the excitation bandwidth. This parameter scan is sensitive to as low as 3% of binding. The same idea can be generalized to other two-photon fluorescence systems, and a closed-loop feedback control approach should allow even wider application. We also develop two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform spectroscopy in the deep UV (262 nm) to study DNA bases excited state relaxation dynamics. We compare 2D spectroscopy measurements in the deep UV for monomeric adenine and uracil in aqueous solutions. Both molecules show excited state absorption on short timescales and ground state bleach extending for over 1 ps. While the 2D spectrum for uracil shows changes in the center of gravity during the first few hundred femtoseconds, the center of gravity of the 2D spectrum for adenine does not show similar changes. We discuss our results in light of ab initio electronic structure calculations. | 110 pages
Silicon array of elongated through‐holes for monodisperse emulsion droplets (2002)

Abstract Monodisperse emulsions are of great significance in both scientific and industrial fields, since they have advantages such as their better stability and simplified physical properties. A novel micromachined emulsification device has been developed for monodisperse emulsion droplets. It has uniformly sized through‐holes, called straightthrough microchannel (MC), on a silicon microchip. An oblong straightthrough MC successfully yielded monodisperse oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion droplets with an average droplet diameter of 32.5 μm and a coefficient of variation below 2% by forcing the dispersed phase into the continuous phase through the straightthrough MC. On the other hand, a circular straightthrough MC yielded polydisperse emulsion droplets. Straightthrough MC emulsification revealed that an elongated cross‐sectional shape in the oblong straightthrough MC contributes significantly to the spontaneous formation of monodisperse emulsion droplets without any turbulent mixing.
Comparison of depression, anxiety and life quality in acne vulgaris patients who were treated with either isotretinoin or topical agents (2008)

Results of the present study indicate that there is no increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms in the isotretinoin treatment group compared to that in the topical group. Instead, successful treatment of acne seems to improve both depressive and anxiety symptoms and improve quality of life.
Molecular cloning of the CD2 antigen, the T-cell erythrocyte receptor, by a rapid immunoselection procedure. (1987)

A cDNA encoding the CD2 antigen has been isolated by a highly efficient technique based on transient expression in COS cells and adherence of cells expressing surface antigen to antibody-coated dishes. COS cells expressing a CD2 cDNA isolated by this method readily formed rosettes with sheep as well as human and other mammalian erythrocytes. Pretreatment of transfected COS cells with anti-CD2 antibody, or pretreatment of human erythrocytes with anti-LFA-3 antibody, abolished rosette formation.
Isolation, Characterization, and use of Stem Cells from the CNS (1995)

The nervous system of adult mammals, unlike the rest of the organs in the body, has been considered unique in its apparent inability to replace neurons following injury. However, in certain regions of the brain, neurogenesis occurs postnatally and continues through adulthood. The nature, fate, and longevity of cells undergoing proliferation within the CNS are unknown. These cells are increasingly becoming the focus of intense scrutiny; this is a recent development that has led to considerable controversy over the appropriate terminology to describe neural cells as they pass through different stages of proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Continuing studies detailing the properties of mitotic populations in the adult CNS will provide a better understanding of the nature of these cells during their development and should lead to a more consistent nomenclature. Studies of neural precursors isolated from the embryonic brain have indicated that many subgroups of cells undergo mitosis and subsequent differentiation into neurons and glia in vitro. A number of substances, such as growth factors and substrate molecules, are essential for these processes and also for lineage restriction and fate determination of these cells. Recent studies have shown that cells with proliferative capabilities can also be isolated from the adult brain. The nature of these cells is unknown, but there is evidence that both multipotent cells (stem cells) and lineage-restricted cells (neuroblasts or glioblasts) are resident within the mature CNS and that they can be maintained and induced to divide and differentiate in response to many of the same factors that influence their embryonic counterparts. Presently, it is unclear how many potentially quiescent precursor cells exist in the adult brain or what combination of growth factors and substrate molecules is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Some of these questions are currently being addressed by using immortalized neural precursors or growth factor-expanded populations of primary precursors to model precursor responsiveness to environmental manipulations. Because in vitro culture conditions are unlikely to provide all of the factors necessary for inducing the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursors, recent studies have explored the properties of well-characterized precursor populations after implantation back into specific regions of the developing or adult CNS. These studies have highlighted the importance of the microenvironment in precursor differentiation and further suggested that precursor plasticity is a characteristic that is probably common to neural precursors throughout the CNS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TiCl4 catalyzed tandem construction of C–C and C–O bonds: a simple and one-pot atom-economical stereoselective synthesis of spiro-oxindoles (2005)

An atom-economical stereoselective synthesis of [{1-acetyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane}-7-spiro-3'-(indolin-2'-one)] derivatives, containing both the oxindole and 6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane moieties via TiCl(4) catalyzed coupling of 2-acetyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran with isatin derivatives is described.
A mesoporous silica nanosphere-based drug delivery system using an electrically conducting polymer (2009)

In this study, a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based nerve growth factor (NGF) delivery system has been successfully embedded within an electroactive polypyrrol (Ppy). The spherical particles with approximately 100 nm diameter possess a large surface-to-volume ratio for the entrapment of NGF into the pores of MSNs while retaining their bioactivity. Direct incorporation of MSN-NGF within Ppy was achieved during electrochemical polymerization. The loading amount and release profile of NGF from the composite was investigated by sandwich ELISA. The NGF incorporation can be controllable by varying particle concentration or by extending electrodeposition time. The morphology and chemical composition of the Ppy/MSN-NGF composite was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Optical and electron microscopy revealed a characteristic attachment of PC 12 cells and the outgrowth of their neurites when grown on the Ppy/MSN-NGF composite as a result of a sustained and controlled release of NGF. In order to observe the effectiveness of electrical stimulation, neurite extension of cells cultured on unstimulated and stimulated Ppy/MSN-NGF was compared. The NGF release in the presence of electrical stimulation promoted significantly greater neurite extension.
时间意味着期限——与J.陶贝斯的对话 (1987)

1987年3月21日,雅各布·陶贝斯逝世,终年64岁.他是一位犹太法师的儿子,出生于维也纳,在苏黎世学习哲学和历史.1947年他的《西方末世论》一书问世.陶贝斯称自已为世界末日论者,他从基督教的末世论出发,试图把历史当作期限来加以思考,以便揭开关于历史与时间的新经验,这一经验有助于理解西方的历史.作为左翼政治神学的开路先锋、革命的世界末日论著陶贝斯认真研究了诺斯替派的学说,霍布斯的理论、以及他认为与之有相近联系的卡尔回施密特的著作,虽然同样一些问题导致了矛盾的结论.1949年至1951年他在耶路撒冷希伯莱大学任教,这以后又去了哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学并于1956年到1963年在哥伦比亚大学任教.从1963年起,陶贝斯在西柏林自由大学教授犹太学和宗教社会学,他和学生们一道拥护废除礼拜仪式大学.作为哲学教研室主任他建立了解释学研究所.陶贝斯与于尔根·哈贝马斯以及迪特·亨利希一道在索尔卡姆普出版社出版了理论丛书.除了许多文章,最近他又出版了《宗教理论与政治神学》丛书:第一卷《这个世界的领主》;第二卷《诺斯替派与政治》;第三卷《神权政治》.我们在此发表不久前陶贝斯和弗里安·吕泽尔进行的一次谈话的节选,在这次谈话中陶贝斯的中心思想得到了表述.
Comparison of Two Multiplex Methods for Detection of Respiratory Viruses: FilmArray RP and xTAG RVP (2011)

We compared the FilmArray RP (Idaho Technology, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) and the xTAG RVP (Luminex Corporation, Toronto, Canada) multiplex respiratory virus PCR methods for the detection of respiratory viruses in a set of 200 patient specimens frozen at -70 °C after standard viral culture and antigen detection methods were done. Both systems detected between 40 to 50% more viruses than traditional methods, primarily rhinoviruses and human metapneumovirus. The FilmArray RP detected significantly more total viruses either alone or as part of mixed infections than the xTAG RVP, as well as an additional 21.6% more respiratory syncytial viruses. The xTAG RVP requires 5 to 6 h with 2.5 to 3 h of hands-on time, while the FilmArray RP takes about an hour with 3 to 5 min of hands-on time, making it much easier to perform.
THE DISSOCIATION OF SOME CALCIUM SALTS (1938)

MacDougalland Larson give the value of the dissociation constant for CaOAc+ as 0.15, whereas Davies finds it to be 1.0.Even the smaller value would yield practically complete dissociation at the highest concentration, 25 mM, of calcium acetate employed in the experiments reported in this paper.
Electrospray ion source. Another variation on the free-jet theme (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrospray ion source. Another variation on the free-jet themeMasamichi Yamashita and John B. FennCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 20, 4451–4459Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150664a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j150664a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6644Altmetric-Citations1629LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 suppresses fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma tumour cell growth (2018)

TPP<sup>+</sup>: Triphenylphosphonium cation; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; mtROS: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DCFH-DA: Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; APC: Anaphase promoting complex; ABPs: Actin-binding proteins; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle media; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid.
Biotechnology for the production of commodity chemicals from biomass (1999)

Current developments, especially in fermentation technologies, membrane technologies and genetic manipulation open new possibilities for the biotechnological production of market relevant chemicals from renewable resources. This article reviews possible fermentation strategies, actual research activities and future research demands to enhance the use of renewable resources as a source of chemicals. Special focus is put on commodity chemicals, which have a considerable market volume or which are believed to be key chemicals of the future.
Mild and Efficient Functionalization at C6 of Purine 2‘-Deoxynucleosides and Ribonucleosides1 (2000)

[reaction: see text] Treatment of sugar-protected inosine and 2'-deoxyinosine derivatives with a cyclic secondary amine or imidazole and I(2)/Ph(3)P/EtN(i-Pr)(2)/(CH(2)Cl(2) or toluene) gave quantitative conversions into 6-N-(substituted)purine nucleosides. S(N)Ar reactions with 6-(imidazol-1-yl) derivatives gave 6-(N, O, or S)-substituted products. The 6-(benzylsulfonyl) group underwent S(N)Ar displacement with an arylamine at ambient temperature.