gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Book III: Scientific and Research Applications in Medical Care: A Microcomputer-Based Program to Help Patients Understand the Principles for Adjustment of Insulin Doses (1982)

The following paper is a brief description of the rationale and procedures for using an Apple 11 microcomputer to help diabetic patients learn the principles for adjustment of insulin-doses. Patients view blood glucose test results represented in bar graphs and make decisions about adjustments in insulin dose. These decisions concern not only when adjustments are needed but the number of units of insulin which might be required to make the proper adjustment. The program uses the instructional capabilities of the computer by pretesting the patient, presenting an optinal number of trials to achieve mastery, cueing responses and providing opportunities for remediation.
Therapeutic Efficacy of DTI-015 using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging as an Early Surrogate Marker (2004)

To investigate diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a quantitative surrogate marker for evaluating the therapy-induced cellular changes in an orthotopic experimental glioma model, tumors were treated with direct intratumoral administration of DTI-015, a solution of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in 100% EtOH. Intracerebral 9L tumors were induced in Fischer 344 rats, and three treatment groups were established: DTI-015, EtOH, and sham. Two groups of rats received intratumoral injection of either 67 mg/mL BCNU in EtOH or EtOH alone at 50% of the tumor volume up to a maximum of 30 mul under stereotactic guidance. Diffusion magnetic resonance images were acquired before treatment and after treatment at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours and then 3 times per week thereafter. Tumor cell viability was examined using multislice diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted transverse magnetic resonance images and histogram plots of each tumor quantified over time. Control animals (EtOH- or sham-treated animals) showed mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) that remained essentially unchanged over the experimental time course. In contrast, rats treated with DTI-015 showed a significant increase in ADC relative to the pretreatment within 24 hours, which further increased over time, followed by a significant therapeutic response as evidenced by subsequent tumor volume shrinkage, development of a cystic region, and enhanced animal survival. Finally, not only were ADC measurements predictive of differences between treatment groups, but they also yielded spatial and temporal data regarding the efficacy of treatment within individual treated animals that could be used to guide subsequent therapy.
Chemical synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotide dumbbells (1991)

The chemical synthesis of DNA dumbbells is investigated by using two sequences, cyclo-d(GCG-T4-CGCCGC-T4-GCG) and cyclo-d(TTCC-T4-GGAATTCC-T4-GGAA). This method readily and inexpensively yields multimicromole quantities of circular DNA, allowing detailed structural and physical studies to be carried out. Linear oligomers of sequence d(GCG-T4-CGCCGC-T4-GCG) having either 3'- or 5'-phosphates were cyclized in 40% and 67% isolated yield, respectively, by using 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide. Formation of the circular product is confirmed by a 28 degrees C increase in the optical melting temperature, anomalously rapid electrophoretic migration, sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements between protons of G1 and G20, and observed nuclear coupling between the ligated phosphorus and protons of both G1 and G20. cyclo-d(TTCC-T4-GGAATTCC-T4-GGCC) was synthesized from the corresponding linear 3'-phosphate in 80% yield by the same procedure. Chemical ligation is most effective for 3'-phosphorylated nick sites flanked by two purine bases.
Nanoengineering Coaxial Carbon Nanotube–Dual-Polymer Heterostructures (2012)

We describe studies of new nanostructured materials consisting of carbon nanotubes wrapped in sequential coatings of two different semiconducting polymers, namely, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Using absorption spectroscopy and steady-state and ultrafast photoluminescence measurements, we demonstrate the role of the different layer structures in controlling energy levels and charge transfer in both solution and film samples. By varying the simple solution processing steps, we can control the ordering and proportions of the wrapping polymers in the solid state. The resulting novel coaxial structures open up a variety of new applications for nanotube blends and are particularly promising for implementation into organic photovoltaic devices. The carbon nanotube template can also be used to optimize both the electronic properties and morphology of polymer composites in a much more controlled fashion than achieved previously, offering a route to producing a new generation of polymer nanostructures.
Miniaturized Biosensors Employing Electropolymerized Permselective Films and Their Use for Creatinine Assays in Human Serum (1996)

Miniaturized, disposable amperometric biosensors for determination of creatinine in human serum are described. The base electrodes are fabricated using micro-electronics techniques, to build a multilayer film structure on a polyimide foil. By using a thin electropolymerized film of poly(1,3-diaminobenzene), the electrochemical interferences from ascorbate, urate, acetaminophen, and other oxidizable species are greatly diminished. The multienzyme system (creatininase, creatinase, sarcosine oxidase) is immobilized on top of the permselective layer using cross-linking of the proteins with glutaraldehyde. The electropolymerization conditions for obtaining almost ideal permselectivity of the inner layer are defined, as well as the optimal enzyme layer preparation. A composite polymeric outer membrane [Nafion + poly-(2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate) is used for diffusion control and to protect the enzyme layer from fouling. The reagentless planar sensors for creatinine and creatine have fast response time (t95 = 1 min), linear response up to 1.2 mM in batch-type and 2.0 mM in flow injection analysis and a detection limit of 10-20 muM. They are applied in a differential setup for creatinine assay in control and hospital human serum samples and are suitable for incorporation in a portable analyzer.
Rates of intramolecular electron transfer (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of intramolecular electron transferStephen S. Isied and Henry. TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 24, 8198–8200Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00805a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The price of privately releasing contingency tables and the spectra of random matrices with correlated rows (2010)

Marginal (contingency) tables are the method of choice for government agencies releasing statistical summaries of categorical data. In this paper, we derive lower bounds on how much distortion (noise) is necessary in these tables to ensure the privacy of sensitive data. We extend a line of recent work on impossibility results for private data analysis [9, 12, 13, 15] to a natural and important class of functionalities. Consider a database consisting of n rows (one per individual), each row comprising d binary attributes. For any subset of T attributes of size |T|=k, the marginal table for T has 2k entries; each entry counts how many times in the database a particular setting of these attributes occurs. We provide lower bounds for releasing all d k k-attribute marginal tables under several different notions of privacy. (1) We give efficient polynomial time attacks which allow an adversary to reconstruct sensitive information given insufficiently perturbed marginal table releases. In particular, for a constant k, we obtain a tight bound of ~Ω(min √n, √dk-1) on the average distortion per entry for any mechanism that releases all k-attribute marginals while providing "attribute" privacy (a weak notion implied by most privacy definitions). (2) Our reconstruction attacks require a new lower bound on the least singular value of a random matrix with correlated rows. Let M(k) be a matrix with d k rows formed by taking all possible k-way entry-wise products of an underlying set of d random vectors from {0,1}n. For constant k, we show that the least singular value of M(k) is ~Ω(√dk) with high probability (the same asymptotic bound as for independent rows). (3) We obtain stronger lower bounds for marginal tables satisfying differential privacy. We give a lower bound of ~Ω(min {√n, √ dk), which is tight for n ~Ω (dk). We extend our analysis to obtain stronger results for mechanisms that add instance-independent noise and weaker results when k is super-constant.
Twenty-Two Years of Phase III Trials for Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Sobering Results (2001)

Analysis of past trials in North America shows that the prolongation in median survival between two arms of a randomized study was rarely in excess of 2 months. Techniques for improved use of patient resources and appropriate trial design for phase III randomized therapeutic trials with patients with advanced NSCLC need to be developed.
Regeneratedmdxmouse skeletal muscle shows differential mRNA expression (2002)

Despite over 3,000 articles published on dystrophin in the last 15 years, the reasons underlying the progression of the human disease, differential muscle involvement, and disparate phenotypes in different species are not understood. The present experiment employed a screen of 12,488 mRNAs in 16-wk-old mouse mdx muscle at a time when the skeletal muscle is avoiding severe dystrophic pathophysiology, despite the absence of a functional dystrophin protein. A number of transcripts whose levels differed between the mdx and human Duchenne muscular dystrophy were noted. A fourfold decrease in myostatin mRNA in the mdx muscle was noted. Differential upregulation of actin-related protein 2/3 (subunit 4), beta-thymosin, calponin, mast cell chymase, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase mRNA in the more benign mdx was also observed. Transcripts for oxidative and glycolytic enzymes in mdx muscle were not downregulated. These discrepancies could provide candidates for salvage pathways that maintain skeletal muscle integrity in the absence of a functional dystrophin protein in mdx skeletal muscle.
Topological investigations of the FomA porin from Fusobacterium nucleatum and identification of the constriction loop L6 The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is X72583. (2001)

Porin FomA in the outer membrane of Fusobacterium nucleatum is a trimeric protein, which exhibits permeability properties similar to that of the well-known enterobacterial diffusion porins. The proposed topology model of the FomA monomer depicts the beta-barrel motif typical of diffusion porins, consisting of 16 antiparallel beta-strands. To investigate the accuracy of the FomA model and assess the topological relationship with other porins, individual deletions of variable size in seven of the eight surface-exposed regions of the porin were genetically engineered. Deletions in the predicted loops L1 to L7 were tolerated by the FomA porins, as judged by a normal assembly in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and a sustained pore-forming ability. Deletions in the largest proposed external region, loop L6, made the FomA porins considerably more permeable to antibiotics, indicating larger pore channels. The distinctly increased uptake rates and size exclusion limits displayed by the L6 deletion mutant porins, suggest that loop L6 folds back into the beta-barrel thereby constricting the native FomA channel. Thus, the position of the channel constriction loop appears to be shifted towards the C terminus in the FomA porin, as compared to the crystal structures of five non-specific diffusion porins.
On the Propagation of Gaussian Beams of Light Through Lenslike Media Including those with a Loss or Gain Variation (1965)

A theoretical analysis is made of Gaussian beam propagation in media where the refractive index and/or the gain constant varies quadratically with the distance from the optic axis. Use of a complex beam parameter simplifies the analysis. A differential equation for the complex beam parameter is deduced from the wave equation for the complex beam parameter is deduced from the wave equation, and various of its solutions are discussed. This includes a discussion of light propagation in media with a gain profile, which are found capable of supporting stationary beams of constant diameter.
Optimization of a triple etalon interferometer (1987)

The High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) is a triple etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer designed to measure Doppler shifts of rotational lines in the O(2) atmospheric system from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. These shifts are used to determine wind vectors in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This paper presents the techniques used to determine the gap thicknesses and reflectivities of the three etalons of the HRDI instrument. The spacings are found to be 1.000, 0.186, and 0.025 cm. These spacings are independent of the reflectivity of the etalons. The reflectivities of the three etalons should be nearly equal to minimize the errors in the wind measurement caused by mistuning of the etalons. The choice of the reflectivity does not strongly influence the statistical error in the wind error when the values are less than ~0.90.
Synthesis of [14,14-2H2]-linolenic acid and its use to confirm the pathway to 12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-oxoPDA) in plants: a conspectus of the epoxycarbonium ion derived family of metabolites from linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides (1991)

Using acetylene methodology, a synthesis of [14,14-2H2]-octadeca-9(Z), 12(Z), 15(Z)-trienoic acid is described. The isotopically marked acid is used to distinguish decisively between two possible pathways for the formation of 12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-oxoPDA) by flax enzyme preparation in plants: (a) a route via antarafacial ring closure of a zwitterion derived from an allene epoxide (no loss of 14,14-2H2) and (b) a pathway resembling the accepted mammalian prostaglandin biosynthesis (loss of one 14-2H). Pathways to metabolic products formed in Nature from linoleic and linolenic acid are summarised in Scheme 3. The entry species is considered to be the epoxy-carbonium ion. Loss of a proton leads to an allene-epoxide from which are formed the α-ketol, the γ-ketol and 12-oxoPDA. A second group of products (colneleic and colnelenic acid, a hemiacetal, its corresponding aldehydes and an epoxy alcohol) are not formed via the allene-epoxide. The epoxy-carbonium ion can be trapped as an epoxy alcohol or rearranged via a vinyl-oxonium ion with capture by water to form a hemiacetal. Alternatively, loss of a proton from the epoxy-carbonium ion or vinyl-oxonium ion leads to colneleic and colnelenic acid.
[Effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb on blood sugar and hepatic glycogen in diabetic mice]. (2002)

HDT has effect on lowing blood sugar and may become an effective anti-diabetic herb.
Age, Thymopoiesis, and CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Regeneration after Intensive Chemotherapy (1995)

Thymus-dependent regeneration of CD4+ T lymphocytes occurs primarily in children, whereas even young adults have deficiencies in this pathway. Our results suggest that rapid T-cell regeneration requires residual thymic function in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy.
NS3 protease from flavivirus as a target for designing antiviral inhibitors against dengue virus (2010)

The development of novel therapeutic agents is essential for combating the increasing number of cases of dengue fever in endemic countries and among a large number of travelers from non-endemic countries. The dengue virus has three structural proteins and seven non-structural (NS) proteins. NS3 is a multifunctional protein with an N-terminal protease domain (NS3pro) that is responsible for proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein, and a C-terminal region that contains an RNA triphosphatase, RNA helicase and RNA-stimulated NTPase domain that are essential for RNA replication. The serine protease domain of NS3 plays a central role in the replicative cycle of dengue virus. This review discusses the recent structural and biological studies on the NS2B-NS3 protease-helicase and considers the prospects for the development of small molecules as antiviral drugs to target this fascinating, multifunctional protein.
Identification of four chromosomal loci determining obesity in a multifactorial mouse model. (1995)

We previously described a new mouse model for multigenic obesity, designated BSB. We now report the use of a complete linkage map approach to identify loci contributing to body fat and other traits associated with obesity in this model. Four loci exhibiting linkage with body fat, or with the weights of four different fat depots, residing on mouse chromosomes 6, 7, 12, and 15, were identified and confirmed by analysis of additional BSB mice. Each of the four loci differed with respect to their effects on the percent of body fat, specific fat depots and plasma lipoproteins. The loci exhibited allele-specific, non-additive interactions. A locus for hepatic lipase activity was co-incident with the body fat and total cholesterol loci on chromosome 7, providing a possible mechanism linking plasma lipoproteins and obesity. The chromosome 7 locus affecting body fat, total cholesterol and hepatic lipase activity was isolated in congenic strains whose donor strain regions overlap with the chromosome 7 BSB locus. These results provide candidate genes and candidate loci for the analysis of human obesity.
A reliable method for quantification of splice variants using RT-qPCR (2016)

The method described here, is easy to set up and does not need unrelated reference genes and time consuming, error-prone standard curves. It provides a reliable and precise technique to distinguish small differences of the relative incidence of two splice variants.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study in the Series of Substituted Butanolides and Butenolides. Part 4. 4‐Aryl(Hetaryl)idene‐2‐butenolides. (1989)

Abstract Condensation of aldehydes of type (I) with 2‐butenolide (II) in the presence of piperidine affords the title compounds (III).
Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

A series of epidemiological, experimental and preliminary clinical trials strongly suggest that mesalazine or 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) may have antineoplastic and potentially prophylactic chemopreventive properties. It is assumed that mesalazine may have similar genetic and molecular targets as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is further supported by its close similarity with aspirin, differing only in its structure by the presence of an amino group at position 5 of the benzene ring. The putative chemopreventive actions include the inhibition of inflammatory cascades and/or reactions involved in cell growth and proliferation, such as cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), which regulate cell proliferation through the formation of prostaglandins; lipoxygenase; nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), responsible for the subsequent expression of pro-inflammatory molecules; MAP kinases and Bcl-2, as well as the activation of apoptotic processes, such as the stimulation of intestinal sphingomyelinase. The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), which also regulates gene transcription, is thought to play a role in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory driven carcinogenesis. This may be another significant target. It is hypothesized that 5-ASAs may prevent the enhancing effect of prostaglandins on PPARdelta binding to DNA by its COX inhibitory properties, decreasing proliferation of colorectal mucosal cells in non-inflammatory bowel disease patients with sporadic polyps of the large bowel.
Long-Term Reduction in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surface Hydrophobicity via Cold-Plasma Treatments (2013)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, a versatile elastomer, is the polymer of choice for microfluidic systems. It is inexpensive, relatively easy to pattern, and permeable to oxygen. Unmodified PDMS is highly hydrophobic. It is typically exposed to an oxygen plasma to reduce this hydrophobicity. Unfortunately, the PDMS surface soon returns to its original hydrophobic state. We present two alternative plasma treatments that yield long-term modification of the wetting properties of a PDMS surface. An oxygen plasma pretreatment followed by exposure to a SiCl4 plasma and an oxygen-CCl4 mixture plasma both cause a permanent reduction in the hydrophobicity of the PDMS surface. We investigate the properties of the plasma-treated surfaces with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. We propose that the plasma treated PDMS surface is a dynamic mosaic of high- and low-contact-angle functionalities. The SiCl4 and CCl4 plasmas attach polar groups that block coverage of the surface by low-molecular-weight groups that exist in PDMS. We describe an application that benefits from these new plasma treatments, the use of a PDMS stencil to form dense arrays of DNA on a surface.