gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleartext Passwords in Linux Memory (2008)

Upon examination, the memory of a popular Linux distribution contained many cleartext passwords, including login, SSH, Truecrypt, email, IM and root passwords. These passwords are retained by running applications and stored as plain text in memory for extended periods of time. The author investigated the source of these passwords and presents a proof-of-concept method for recovering passwords from memory. Recently, cold boot researchers demonstrated that memory is not as volatile as commonly expected, and that data from memory can be recovered with physical access to systems in a very short period of time. This has opened up a new class of attacks in physical IT security, and significantly raised the risk associated with cleartext passwords in memory. 1
Effector cells involved in nonspecific and antibody-dependent mechanisms directed against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages in vitro (1989)

We have evaluated in in vitro conditions the possible cooperative effect of antimalarial antibodies with several human blood cell types. When used alone, immunoglobulin G from African adults who had reached a state of premunition against malaria was found to have no or very limited direct effect on invasion and multiplication of P. falciparum asexual blood stages. In contrast, these antibodies induced a marked specific inhibition of parasite growth in the presence of normal blood monocytes, and the inhibition did not appear to be strain dependent. No similar antibody-dependent cellular inhibitory effect was found using human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, or adherent spleen cells. However, these cells could all exert in vitro some non-antibody-dependent inhibitory effect when present at high effector/target cell ratios.
Development of a 44K SNP assay focussing on the analysis of a varroa‐specific defence behaviour in honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) (2011)

Honey bees are exposed to a number of damaging pathogens and parasites. The most destructive among them, affecting mainly the brood, is Varroa destructor. A promising approach to prevent its spread is to breed for Varroa-tolerant honey bees. A trait that has been shown to provide significant resistance against the Varroa mite is hygienic behaviour, a behavioural response of honey bee workers to brood diseases in general. This study reports the development of a 44K SNP assay, specifically designed for the analysis of hygienic behaviour of individual worker bees (Apis mellifera carnica) directed against V. destructor. Initially, 70,000 SNPs chosen from a large set of SNPs published by the Honey Bee Genome Project were validated for their suitability in the analysis of the Varroa resistance trait 'uncapping of Varroa-infested brood'. This was achieved by genotyping of pooled DNA samples of trait bearers and two trait-negative controls using next-generation sequencing. Approximately 36,000 of these validated SNPs and another 8000 SNPs not validated in this study were selected for the construction of a SNP assay. This assay will be employed in following experiments to analyse individualized DNA samples in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the control of the investigated trait and to evaluate and possibly confirm QTL found in other studies. However, this assay is not just suitable to study Varroa tolerance, it is as well applicable to analyse any other trait in honey bees. In addition, because of its high density, this assay provides access into genomic selection with respect to several traits considered in honey bee breeding. It will become publicly available via AROS Applied Biotechnology AS, Aarhus, Denmark, before the end of the year 2011.
The main IgE-binding epitope of a major latex allergen, prohevein, is present in its N-terminal 43-amino acid fragment, hevein (1996)

Polypeptides of natural rubber latex (NRL) that elute from surgeon's gloves and other manufactured rubber products can sensitize exposed individuals and elicit severe hypersensitivity reactions. Previously, we showed that prohevein is a major allergen in NRL, the source material for rubber manufacturing. To analyze which region of the molecule carries the main IgE-binding epitope(s), we purified prohevein and its C-domain from NRL by gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography, and electroelution. In immunoblotting, prohevein bound IgE from 15 of 20 (75%), and the prohevein C-domain from 3 of 20 (15%) latex-allergic patient sera. In ELISA, 36 of 52 (69%) patient sera showed IgE binding to prohevein, whereas 11 of 52 (21%) sera had IgE to prohevein C-domain. We then purified from a brand of highly allergenic surgeon's gloves six hydrophilic peptides that revealed in amino-terminal sequencing 100% identity to the N-terminus of prohevein. In mass spectrometry, all purified peptides gave a molecular mass of 4719 +/- 1.9 daltons, which corresponds to the molecular mass of hevein (4719.1 daltons), a 43-amino acid N-terminal fragment of prohevein. Purified hevein inhibited 72% of IgE binding from pooled sera of NRL-allergic patients to solid phase glove extract and 45% of IgE binding to solid phase NRL. Of the 43 NRL-allergic patient sera tested, 56% showed IgE Abs to purified hevein in ELISA. In skin prick testing, purified hevein elicited positive reactions in three-quarters of the latex-allergic patients tested. These results indicate that the majority of prohevein's IgE-binding ability resides in its N-terminal fragment, known as hevein. In one highly allergenic latex glove examined, the majority of IgE-binding ability was attributable to hevein molecules, suggesting that these peptides can be significant sensitizers in NRL allergy.
Interaction of metastable noble-gas atoms with transition-metal surfaces: Resonance ionization and Auger neutralization (1987)

Electron emission due to deexcitation of metastable noble-gas atoms occurs at transition-metal surfaces which are either clean or covered by atomic adsorbates via resonance ionization of the metastable atom and subsequent Auger neutralization. The resulting electron-energy distributions contain information on the local surface density of states. For analysis, the electron-energy distribution is approximated by a self-convolution function. The validity of this approximation is discussed in detail. The deconvolution of the experimental data yields an effective transition density function reflecting the main features of the electronic surface density of states. The deconvolution technique is described in the Appendix. Furthermore, results are presented on the angular distribution of electrons emitted by Auger neutralization as well as on the lowering of the ionization potential of meta- stable and ground-state noble-gas atoms at surfaces which provides information on the distance range where resonance ionization, Auger neutralization, and Auger deexcitation occur.
A Comprehensive Summary of the Knowledge on COVID-19 Treatment (2021)

Currently, the world is challenged by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Epidemiologists and researchers worldwide are invariably trying to understand and combat this precarious new disease. Scrutinizing available drug options and developing potential new drugs are urgent needs to subdue this pandemic. Several intervention strategies are being considered and handled worldwide with limited success, and many drug candidates are yet in the trial phase. Despite these limitations, the development of COVID-19 treatment strategies has been accelerated to improve the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19, and some countries have efficiently kept it under control. Recently, the use of natural and traditional medicine has also set the trend in coronavirus treatment. This review aimed to discuss the prevailing COVID-19 treatment strategies available globally by examining their efficacy, potential mechanisms, limitations, and challenges in predicting a future potential treatment candidate and bridging them with the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The findings might enrich the knowledge on traditional alternative medication and its complementary role with Western medicine in managing the COVID-19 epidemic.
Adding force feedback to graphics systems (1996)

Integrating force feedback with a complete real-time virtual environment system presents problems which are more difficult than those encountered in building simpler forcefeedback systems. In particular, lengthy computations for graphics or simulation require a decoupling of the haptic servo loop from the main application loop if high-quality forces are to be produced. We present some approaches to these problems and describe our force-feedback software library which implements these techniques and provides other benefits including haptic-textured surfaces, device independence, distributed operation and easy enhancement.
Synthesis of Neoglycopolymers by a Combination of “Click Chemistry” and Living Radical Polymerization (2006)

The synthesis of novel well-defined alkyne side chain functional polymers featuring narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.09-1.17) by living radical polymerization is described. Grafting of protected and unprotected carbohydrates is achieved via either a C-6 or an anomeric azide (alpha or beta) onto these polymers by Cu(I)-catalyzed "click chemistry", providing a simple and efficient route to synthetic glycopolymers. The strategy provides an extremely powerful tool for the synthesis of libraries of materials that differ only in the nature of the sugar moiety presented on a well-defined polymer scaffold. A library of multivalent ligands were then prepared following a "coclicking" synthetic protocol, and the reactivity of these glycopolymers in the presence of concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin, model lectins able to selectively bind appropriate mannose and galactose derivatives, respectively, was assessed.
PiGraphs (2016)

We learn a probabilistic model connecting human poses and arrangements of object geometry from real-world observations of interactions collected with commodity RGB-D sensors. This model is encoded as a set of prototypical interaction graphs (PiGraphs), a human-centric representation capturing physical contact and visual attention linkages between 3D geometry and human body parts. We use this encoding of the joint probability distribution over pose and geometry during everyday interactions to generate interaction snapshots , which are static depictions of human poses and relevant objects during human-object interactions. We demonstrate that our model enables a novel human-centric understanding of 3D content and allows for jointly generating 3D scenes and interaction poses given terse high-level specifications, natural language, or reconstructed real-world scene constraints.
Copper, Silver, and Gold Complexes in Hydrosilylation Reactions (2008)

The reduction of diverse functional groups is an essential protocol in organic chemistry. Transition-metal catalysis has been successfully applied to the reduction of olefins, alkynes, and many carbonyl compounds via hydrogenation or hydrosilylation; the latter presenting several advantages over hydrogenation. Notably, hydrosilylation generally occurs under mild reaction conditions, and consequently over-reduced products are rarely detected. Moreover, the great majority of hydrosilanes employed in this reaction are easily handled, inexpensive, or both. A large number of multiple bonds can be involved in this context, and the hydrosilylation reaction can be regarded as a useful method for the synthesis of silicon-containing organic molecules or a convenient way of reducing organic compounds. Furthermore, the silyl group can also be retained as a protecting group, a strategy that can be of great usefulness in organic synthesis. Since the first Wilkinson's catalyst-mediated hydrosilylation of ketones in 1972, metals such as rhodium and iridium have attracted most of the attention in this area. A wide array of catalytic systems for hydrosilylation reactions is nowadays available, which has allowed for a great expansion of the synthetic scope of this transformation. After having been overlooked in the early years, group 11 metals (Cu, Ag, and Au), especially copper, have emerged as appealing alternatives for hydrosilylation. The use of a stabilized form of copper hydride, the hexameric [(Ph3P)CuH]6, by Stryker represented a breakthrough in copper-catalyzed reduction reactions. Nowadays, several copper-based catalytic systems compare well with a variety of reported rhodium-based catalysts, which generally suffer from the high cost of the catalyst. Tertiary phosphine ligands are the most widely used in these transformations. However, other families such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have shown promising activities. Compared with copper, little attention has been paid to silver- or gold-based catalysts. Silver salts have been considered inert towards hydrosilylation, and they are often employed as innocent anion exchange reagents for the in situ generation of cationic transition metal catalysts. Despite the rare reports available, they have already shown interesting reactivity profiles, for example, in the chemoselective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones. Furthermore, 1,2-hydride delivery is favored over 1,4-reductions for alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, in contrast with most copper-based systems.
Tailor-Made Dual pH-Sensitive Polymer–Doxorubicin Nanoparticles for Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery (2011)

Efficient delivery of therapeutics into tumor cells to increase the intracellular drug concentration is a major challenge for cancer therapy due to drug resistance and inefficient cellular uptake. Herein, we have designed a tailor-made dual pH-sensitive polymer-drug conjugate nanoparticulate system to overcome the challenges. The nanoparticle is capable of reversing its surface charge from negative to positive at tumor extracellular pH (∼6.8) to facilitate cell internalization. Subsequently, the significantly increased acidity in subcellular compartments such as the endosome (∼5.0) further promotes doxorubicin release from the endocytosed drug carriers. This dual pH-sensitive nanoparticle has showed enhanced cytotoxicity in drug-resistant cancer stem cells, indicating its great potential for cancer therapy.
High-Throughput Tissue Microarray Analysis Used to Evaluate Biology and Prognostic Significance of the E-Cadherin Pathway in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

Reduced expression of E-cad and catenins is associated with tumor cell dedifferentiation, local invasion, regional metastasis, and reduced survival in NSCLC. E-cad is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC survival.
ε‐sarcoglycan mutations found in combination with other dystonia gene mutations (2002)

Myoclonus-dystonia is a movement disorder associated with mutations in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene (SGCE) in most families and in the DRD2 and DYT1 genes in two single families. In both of the latter families, we also found a mutation of SGCE. The molecular mechanisms through which the detected mutations may contribute to myoclonus-dystonia remain to be determined.
Probabilistic integration of diffuse noise suppression and dereverberation (2014)

This paper deals with joint suppression of diffuse noise and reverberation, to enhance perceived speech quality and speech recognition performance. Although diffuse noise and reverberation are both omnipresent in the real world, conventional methods have modeled only one while neglecting the other. In contrast, we propose a novel joint suppression method that employs a unified probabilistic model of observed signals affected by both diffuse noise and reverberation. Through likelihood maximization, this unified model enables proper parameter estimation that takes into account both diffuse noise and reverberation. As a byproduct, we also propose a novel method for diffuse noise suppression. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed joint suppression method in terms of dereverberation and denoising.
The zoom browser: Showing simultaneous detail and overview in large documents (1998)

We have developed a novel visualization technique, flip zooming, which is capable of providing both overview and details when working with large texts on computer screens. To test the method, we have implemented the Zoom Browser, which uses flip zooming to present web pages. We believe that applications based on flip zooming can offer many interesting possibilities when users need to work with large documents on computers.
Effectively simultaneous temperature and strain measurement utilising a dual-grating sensor formed by type IA and type IIA FBGs (2003)

In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of the dependence of both temperature and strain sensitivities on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) type, including the well-known Type I, Type IIA, and a now type which we have designated Type IA, using both hydrogen-free and hydrogenated B/Ge codoped fibers. We have identified distinct sensitivity characteristics for each grating type, and we have utilised them to implement a novel dual-grating, dual-parameter sensor device. Three dual-grating sensing schemes with different combinations of grating types have been constructed and compared. The Type IA-Type IIA combination exhibits the best performance and is superior to that of previously reported grating-based structures. The characteristics of the measurement errors in such dual-grating sensor systems is also presented in detail.
Micromachined 1x2 Optical Fiber Switch (2005)

This paper describes a 1x2 thermally actuated optical fiber switch. The switch includes a thick electroplated nickel actuator to move a single-mode optical fiber, and a trench anisotropically etched in silicon for alignment of "send" and "receive" optical fibers. The switch is designed such that the optical fibers do not need to be coupled by means of waveguides or lenses in order to achieve the desired low-loss switching function. The switch actuators were made from 25 - 50 /spl mu/m-thick electroplated nickel. The switches used edges of trenches anisotropically etched in silicon for fiber alignment. Test actuators were built at the same time as the switches, integrated with short, stiff cantilevers to be used as force gauges, as well as etched deflection scales.
Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Canine Vasospastic Cerebral Arteries after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1999)

To understand the molecular processes of continuous vasospasm of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage, mRNA differential display and screening of cDNA expression array were performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed in vasospastic arteries of canine two-hemorrhage models. The expression levels of 18 genes were found to be upregulated, and those of two genes to be down-regulated. Of these, 12 represent known genes or homologues of genes characterized previously, and the other eight genes are not related to any sequences in the databases. The known genes include five upregulated inflammation-related genes encoding monocyte chemotactic protein-1, cystatin B, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein, serum amyloid A protein, and glycoprotein 130, suggesting that inflammatory reaction may be involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm. The upregulation of three known genes encoding stress-related proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor, BiP protein, and growth-arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein may be involved in possible cell survival in the damaged arteries. A full-length cDNA for the unknown clone DVS 27, whose expression was most highly upregulated, was isolated from the cerebral artery cDNA library by hybridization. Characterization of these genes should help to clarify the molecular mechanism of continuous cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Enzymic Studies on the Biosynthesis of Serotonin in Mammalian Brain (1970)

Abstract A rapid, convenient and sensitive assay method for measuring tryptophan 5-monooxygenase in mammalian brain is developed with l-tryptophan-carboxyl-14C as substrate. The method is based on the differing affinity of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase toward l-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (Km values for l-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan are approximately 1.4 x 10-2 m and 5.4 x 10-6 m, respectively). The reaction is carried out in the presence of an excess amount of the decarboxylase, and the radioactive CO2 preferentially liberated from 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, which is formed from l-tryptophan-14C by the action of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase, is measured. Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity is detected in both the soluble and particulate fractions from the guinea pig brain stem. When relatively low concentrations (below 10-5 m) of l-tryptophan-(side chain-1,2,3-14C) are used as substrate and incubated with the supernatant or the crude mitochondrial fractions in the presence of monoamine oxidase inhibitor, the radioactive CO2 evolved is almost entirely accounted for by the formation of serotonin-14C. Only small amounts of tryptamine-14C are produced and very little 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan-14C accumulates in the reaction mixture. Properties of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase in both the supernatant and crude mitochondrial fractions are examined and the appropriate conditions for the assay are described.
Inhibition of Restenosis With a Paclitaxel-Eluting, Polymer-Free Coronary Stent (2004)

Paclitaxel applied directly to the abluminal surface of a bare metal coronary stent, at a dose density of 2.7 microg/mm2, reduced angiographic indicators of in-stent restenosis without short- or medium-term side effects.
Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo (2016)

Low quality evidence suggests that in patients suffering from vertigo from different causes there may be a positive effect of betahistine in terms of reduction in vertigo symptoms. Betahistine is generally well tolerated with a low risk of adverse events. Future research into the management of vertigo symptoms needs to use more rigorous methodology and include outcomes that matter to patients and their families.
Bivalent Ligands with Long Nanometer-Scale Flexible Linkers (2008)

High-affinity ligands recognizing biomolecules with high specificity are crucial for drug discovery and biomolecule detection. We describe here a simple approach to preparing aptamer-based ligands with enhanced binding affinity. In this approach, two aptamer ligands with suboptimal binding properties are covalently linked with a long flexible linker to create a bivalent ligand with significantly improved binding affinity. We first used a simple oligonucleotide-based model, which mimicked the interaction between bivalent ligands and their target molecules, to investigate the principles governing the affinity enhancement. These experiments showed that as long as the individual ligands had at least submicromolar binding affinities, they could be linked with a nanometer-scale flexible linker to produce bivalent ligands with improved binding affinity and specificity. Furthermore, comparison of the experimental data with the bivalent ligand properties predicted by a wormlike chain model showed that this model provided a good approximation of the binding properties of nanometer-scale flexible bivalent ligands. To verify the practicality of bivalent ligands with nanometer-scale flexible linkers, we constructed aptamer-based bivalent ligands for human alpha-thrombin. In agreement with the predictions derived from the model system, the binding affinities and the anticlotting activities of thrombin bivalent ligands were significantly improved compared to those of the individual ligands.