gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Optical Surfaces Formed by Replica Molding Against Elastomeric Masters (1996)

Complex, optically functional surfaces in organic polymers can be fabricated by replicating relief structures present on the surface of an elastomeric master with an ultraviolet or thermally curable organic polymer, while the master is deformed by compression, bending, or stretching. The versatility of this procedure for fabricating surfaces with complex, micrometer- and submicrometer-scale patterns was demonstrated by the production of (i) diffraction gratings with periods smaller than the original grating; (ii) chirped, blazed diffraction gratings (where the period of a chirped grating changes continuously with position) on planar and curved surfaces; (iii) patterned microfeatures on the surfaces of approximately hemispherical objects (for example, an optical surface similar to a fly's eye); and (iv) arrays of rhombic microlenses. These topologically complex, micropatterned surfaces are difficult to fabricate with other techniques.
Thermocurable polymers as resists for imprint lithography (2000)

In nanoimprint lithography, high pressures are utilised for embossing thermoplastics. This may introduce mechanical strain in the mould and the sample. By using a thermocurable polymer (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), a low pressure imprint process, working at pressures of &lt; 0.2 MPa, has proven viable. The new process may drastically reduce the thermal budget and the mechanical load in imprint lithography.
The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (2001)

This study describes the development and validation of a novel tool for identifying patients in whom neuropathic mechanisms dominate their pain experience. The Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) Pain Scale is based on analysis of sensory description and bedside examination of sensory dysfunction, and provides immediate information in clinical settings. It was developed in two populations of chronic pain patients. In the first (n = 60), the use of sensory descriptors and questions were compared in patients with nociceptive and neuropathic pain, combined with an assessment of sensory function. This data was used to derive a seven item pain scale, consisting of grouped sensory description and sensory examination with a simple scoring system. The LANSS Pain Scale was validated in a second group of patients (n = 40) by assessing discriminant ability, internal consistency and agreement by independent raters. Clinical and research applications of the LANSS Pain Scale are discussed.
Microbiology of Surgical Site Infections and Associated Antimicrobial Use Among Vietnamese Orthopedic and Neurosurgical Patients (2006)

Our data indicate that the incidence of SSI is high in our study population, that the main pathogens causing SSI are gram-negative bacteria and are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials, that the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials after surgery is widespread, and that implementation of interventions aimed at promoting appropriate and evidence-based use of antimicrobials are needed in Vietnam.
Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens by classical pathway complement (1996)

Mice deficient in complement components C3 (C3 -/-) and C4 (C4 -/-) were found to have a profound defect in their Ab response to a T-dependent Ag (bacteriophage (phi X174). Characterization of the deficient mice demonstrated a diminished level of peanut agglutinin+ germinal centers and a failure in isotype switching despite normal B cell signaling in vitro. The nature of the defect was found to lie at the B cell level, as the T cells were primed in C3- and C4-deficient mice as well as those in wild-type mice. These results, and the finding that the defect could be partly reversed by a 10-fold increase in Ag dose, support the hypothesis that covalent attachment of complement ligands, i.e., C3b and C3d to the Ag-Ab complex, increases its immunogenicity.
Growth and differentiation signals regulated by the M-CSF receptor (1997)

The normal proto-oncogene c-fms encodes the macrophage growth factor (M-CSF) receptor involved in growth, survival, and differentiation along the monocyte-macrophage lineage of hematopoietic cell development. A major portion of our research concerns unraveling the temporal, molecular, and structural features that determine and regulate these events. Previous results indicated that c-fms can transmit a growth signal as well as a signal for differentiation in the appropriate cells. To investigate the role of the Fms tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in proliferation vs. differentiation signaling, four of these sites were disrupted and the mutant receptors expressed in a clone derived from the myeloid FDC-P1 cell line. These analyses revealed that: (1) none of the four autophosphorylation sites studied (Y697, Y706, Y721, and Y807) are essential for M-CSF-dependent proliferation of the FDC-P1 clone; (2) Y697, Y706, and Y721 sites, located in the kinase insert region of Fms, are not necessary for differentiation but their presence augments this process; and (3) the Y807 site is essential for the Fms differentiation signal: its mutation totally abrogates the differentiation of the FDC-P1 clone and conversely increases the rate of M-CSF-dependent proliferation. This suggests that the Y807 site may control a switch between growth and differentiation. The assignment of Y807 as a critical site for the reciprocal regulation of growth and differentiation may provide a paradigm for Fms involvement in leukemogenesis, and we are currently investigating the downstream signals transmitted by the tyrosine-phosphorylated 807 site. In Fms-expressing FDC-P1 cells, M-CSF stimulation results in the rapid (30 sec) tyrosine phosphorylation of Fms on the five cytoplasmic tyrosine autophosphorylation sites, and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of several host cell proteins occurs within 1-2 min. Complexes are formed between Fms and other signal transduction proteins such as Grb2, Shc, Sos1, and p85. In addition, a new signal transduction protein of 150 kDa is detectable in the FDC-P1 cells. The p150 is phosphorylated on tyrosine, and forms a complex with Shc and Grb2. The interaction with Shc occurs via a protein tyrosine binding (PTB) domain at the N-terminus of Shc. The p150 is not detectable in Fms signaling within fibroblasts, yet the PDGF receptor induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of a similarly sized protein. In hematopoietic cells, this protein is involved in signaling by receptors for GM-CSF, IL-3, KL, MPO, and EPO. We have now cloned a cDNA for this protein and found at least one related family member. The related family member is a Fanconia Anemia gene product, and this suggests potential ways the p150 protein may function in Fms signaling.
Characterization of the Major Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Secreted by Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Culture (1989)

To determine the precise architecture and functional characteristics of the subendothelial basal lamina, detailed information of the molecules contained in this structure is required. To this end, we have studied low passage bovine aortic endothelial cells and have isolated the major heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan from the growth medium of the cells maintained under static culture conditions. This large macromolecule consists of a core protein approximately 500,000 daltons in mass and two to three glycan side chains as revealed by carbon/platinum rotary shadow casting. Specific antibodies raised by immunization of rabbits with the native or deglycosylated bovine molecule could be isolated from an immunoadsorption column prepared with a preparation isolated from the murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor. The antibodies purified by immunoaffinity react with basement membranes of blood vessels, lung, liver, or skin, and this reactivity is indistinguishable, at least for the organs studied, from the reactivity of antibodies specific for the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor-derived high molecular weight heparan sulfate proteoglycan isolated previously. Immunoelectron microscopy of frozen ultrathin tissue sections from the kidney indicates localization of the epitope(s) also in the basement membranes of the renal glomeruli and tubuli. The close structural relationship and homology between the aortic endothelial cell product can be demonstrated even more convincingly by two-dimensional peptide mapping procedures. The peptide patterns from the bovine and mouse products of approximately 500 kDa are nearly indistinguishable. Maps of polypeptides of molecular masses ranging from 400 to 150 kDa, which are found in the bovine as well mouse tumor preparation, are clearly related to each other and suggest that this proteoglycan is quite sensitive to degradation by tissue proteases. Thus the data presented here strongly suggest that the large proteoglycan previously isolated and described as a tumor cell product can be produced by normal cells.
An H-V alternating router (1992)

An H-V alternating router based on the concurrent H (horizontal) and V (vertical) tile expansions is presented. The router is modeled by a sequence of alternating H and V corner-stitching space tiles, where the expansion direction is controlled by a heuristic evaluation function using the A* technique and the damping concept. Tile growing is governed by the following three factors: constrained expansion area, limited expansion depth, and oriented expansion direction. All the H-V tile expansion operations can be easily performed on a specially designed net-forest structure. It is shown that this approach generates nearly optimal connection paths with a minimum number of bends and always guarantees a feasible solution if such a path exists. The performance of this router is better than that of H-only tile-expansion routers. This router is also well suited for wiring hierarchical modules with the metal-metal matrix technology and can be extended to multilayer layouts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Control of the Functional Activity of an Antisense RNA by a Tetracycline-Responsive Derivative of the Human U6 snRNA Promoter (2000)

In an effort to develop a regulatable derivative of the promoter of the human gene for U6 snRNA, we generated several constructs composed of the human U6 snRNA promoter and sequences derived from the gene for the tetracycline operator of a prokaryotic tetracycline resistance transposon. One of the constructs had strong transcriptional activity in the presence of tetracycline that was equivalent to 80% of the activity of the wild-type promoter. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity was almost completely repressed in the absence of tetracycline. Transcriptional activity became detectable within 4 hr after the addition of tetracycline to the culture medium. We used this system to control the functional activity of an antisense RNA for a chimeric gene derived from genes for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). A plasmid that expressed the chimeric gene and a plasmid that expressed the antisense RNA under the control of the inducible U6 promoter were used to cotransfect HeLa cells that were producing the tetracycline repressor protein (Tet R). Addition of tetracycline to the culture medium 12 hr after transfection resulted in the almost complete disappearance of the fluorescent signal due to the chimeric protein within 24 hr. Our results suggest that this expression system might be a useful tool for controlling the expression of functional RNAs, such as aptamers and antisense RNAs, both in basic research and in gene therapy.
Increased EGFR Gene Copy Number Detected by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Predicts Outcome in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Cetuximab and Chemotherapy (2008)

These results are the first to suggest that EGFR FISH is a predictive factor for selection of NSCLC patients for cetuximab plus chemotherapy. Prospective validation of these findings is warranted.
Differential expression of the ccn3 (nov) proto-oncogene in human prostate cell lines and tissues (2001)

The overexpression of hccn3 (nov) RNA in cancer cell lines compared with other cell lines and its epithelial localisation in human prostate samples are consistent with a role for hCCN3 (NOV) in prostatic tumorigenesis.
Comparative cost-effectiveness analyses of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and coronary angiography combined with fractional flow reserve for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (2014)

The CMR + CXA strategy is more cost-effective than CXA + FFR below a CAD prevalence of 62%, 65%, 83%, and 82% for the Swiss, the German, the UK, and the US health care systems, respectively. These findings may help to optimize resource utilization in the diagnosis of CAD.
Immunosuppressive functions of hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells of normal mice and in a murine model of chronic hepatitis B virus (2011)

The immunosuppressive state of tumour-bearing hosts is attributable, at least in part, to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the role of MDSC in physiological conditions and diseases other than cancer has not been addressed. As the liver is a tolerogenic organ, the present study attempted to localize and assess functions of hepatic MDSC in a normal liver and in a murine model of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. MDSC was identified in the liver of normal mice and HBV transgenic mice (TM) as CD11b(+) Gr1(+) cells by dual-colour flow cytometry. Highly purified populations of MDSC and their subtypes were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The functions of MDSC and their subtypes were evaluated in allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific T cell proliferation assays. Normal mice-derived liver MDSC, but not other myeloid cells (CD11b(+) Gr1(-) ), suppressed T cell proliferation in allogenic MLR in a dose-dependent manner. Alteration of T cell antigens and impaired interferon-γ production seems to be related to MDSC-induced immunosuppression. In HBV TM, the frequencies of liver MDSC were about twice those of normal mice liver (13·6±3·2% versus 6·05±1·21%, n=5, P<0·05). Liver-derived MDSC from HBV TM also suppressed proliferative capacities of allogenic T cells and HBsAg-specific lymphocytes. Liver MDSC may have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis during physiological conditions. As liver MDSC had immunosuppressive functions in HBV TM, they may be a target of immune therapy in chronic HBV infection.
RAPID MAXILLARY EXPANSION A STABLE PROCEDURE FOR IMPROVING THE NASAL AIRWAY (1977)

This treatment is based on the treatment of over 900 cases of defective nasal airway, referred for both medical and dental reasons; the assessment and follow up of 516 cases referred for medical reasons; and a radiological investigation into the anatomical movements produced in 120 cases of rapid maxillary expansion (RME). RME is a simple and effective means of producing a stable, long-term improvement in selected cases of defective nasal airway. The stability of the technique derives from the essentially natural movement of the separated segments in the direction of normal growth and the long retention period which allows new bone to be laid down in the separated sutures. Cases are selected on a basis of narrowing or obstruction in the nasal cavity, usually associated with a septal deviation, a narrow maxilla and a unilateral or bilateral crossbite. The medical indications are poor nasal airway associated with septal deformity, allergic rhinitis, recurrent nasal or ear infection and asthma. Treatment by RME produces an increase in the flow capacity of the nasal cavity without any internal scarring of the cavity walls. As a result of the improvement in nasal volume, approximately 80% of patients change from habitual mouth breathing to a normal cycle of nasal breathing. This produces a marked reduction in nasal and ear infections and prolonged remission of symptoms in one-third of the asthma cases treated.
In vivo localization of DNA sequences and visualization of large-scale chromatin organization using lac operator/repressor recognition. (1996)

We report a new method for in situ localization of DNA sequences that allows excellent preservation of nuclear and chromosomal ultrastructure and direct, in vivo observations. 256 direct repeats of the lac operator were added to vector constructs used for transfection and served as a tag for labeling by lac repressor. This system was first characterized by visualization of chromosome homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) produced by gene amplification using a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression vector with methotrexate selection. Using electron microscopy, most HSRs showed approximately 100-nm fibers, as described previously for the bulk, large-scale chromatin organization in these cells, and by light microscopy, distinct, large-scale chromatin fibers could be traced in vivo up to 5 microns in length. Subsequent experiments demonstrated the potential for more general applications of this labeling technology. Single and multiple copies of the integrated vector could be detected in living CHO cells before gene amplification, and detection of a single 256 lac operator repeat and its stability during mitosis was demonstrated by its targeted insertion into budding yeast cells by homologous recombination. In both CHO cells and yeast, use of the green fluorescent protein-lac repressor protein allowed extended, in vivo observations of the operator-tagged chromosomal DNA. Future applications of this technology should facilitate structural, functional, and genetic analysis of chromatin organization, chromosome dynamics, and nuclear architecture.
Laser Manipulation of Atomic Beam Velocities: Demonstration of Stopped Atoms and Velocity Reversal (1985)

Atomic-beam sodium atoms were slowed to zero or negative velocities by counterpropagating laser radiation which was frequency chirped with precise electro-optic modulation techniques. The resulting "gas cloud" had a temperature below 50 mK and a density above ${10}^{6}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. We mention future possibilities in atom slowing, deflection, and storage.
JAK2 Mutations at Exon 12 and 14 in Polycythemia Vera and Idiopathic Erythrocytosis: Incidence and Correlation with Clinical Characteristics. (2007)

Abstract Introduction. Exon 12 mutations of the JAK2 gene have been described in polycythemia vera (PV) and idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE) patients. These patients display a clinical phenotype different to that observed in V617F-positive PV patients, but no information is available on their clinical outcome. Patients and methods. Twenty JAK2 V617F-negative PV or IE patients and 86 V617F-positive PV patients were assessed for exon 12 and exon 14 mutations. Analysis of cell lineage mutational status was assessed following cell sorting. Aim. To analyze the presence of JAK2 mutations at exon 12 and 14 in a cohort of V617F-negative PV and IE patients and to correlate them with the patient clinicohematological and evolutive data. Results. Exon 12 mutations were detected in 4 (20%) V617F-negative patients (K539L, two cases, N542_E543del and H538_K539delinsL, one case each). In 16 patients, no mutations were found in either exon 12 or exon 14. Additional mutations in exon 14 were found in two V617F-positive patients. Two patients with exon 12 mutations developed thrombosis after diagnosis, with the probability of thrombosis-free survival being 75% at 5 years. Another patient with exon 12 mutation developed myelofibrosis at 20 years of PV diagnosis. JAK2 mutations were present in granulocytes, platelets and monocytes, but not in lymphocytes or NK cells. Conclusions. Patients harboring exon 12 mutations represent a subset of JAK2 V617F-negative PV or IE patients. These patients have initial hematological data different from V617F-positive patients, but they do not differ with regard to thrombosis development and myelofibrotic transformation. Table 1: JAK2 exon 12 and exon 14 mutations in blood cell subpopulations. Mutation Granulocytes Platelets CD14+ CD3+ CD19+ CD56+ * exon 12; # exon 14; + indicates the presence of the mutation; − indicates no detectable mutation ; ND not determined Patient 1* K539L (AAA →TTA) + + − − − − Patient 2* K539L (AAA →CTA) + + + − − − Patient 3* H538_K539delinsL + + ND − − ND Patient 4* N542_E543del + + + − − − Patient 5# V617F (GTC →TTT) + + − − − ND C618R (TGT →CGT) + + − − − ND Patient 6# V617F (GTC →TTC) + + + − − ND C616C (TGT →TGC) + + + − − ND
UNIQUE MOLECULAR MARKERS IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIOSIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY (2003)

Endometriosis is a benign and often progressive disease in which tissue originating in the uterine lining spreads locally by direct invasion, or through the blood vessels to distal sites. The disorder affects as many as 10–20% of women aged 30–40, although many women remain asymptomatic. Between 30% and 45% of infertile women are diagnosed with endometriosis.
Additions nucleophiles au bis‐tertiobutylsulfonyl‐acétylène, II. Propriétés du groupe sulfonyle XLIV (1954)

Abstract Un mémoire antérieur a décrit l'addition d'alcools et de mercaptannes au bis‐tertiobutylsulfonyl‐acétylène. La réaction d'amines sur cette disulfone est beaucoup plus vive et, en même temps, plus compliquée. Les produits d'addition que donnent les amines aromatiques sont à même de réagir avec un excès d'amine, en perdant un reste de tertiobutylsulfonyle sous forme d'acide sulfinique. Ainsi il est possible d'introduire successivement deux amines différentes. Les amines réagissent Également sur les Éthers qui se forment par addition d'alcools à la disulfone acétylénique; l'hydrolyse donne naissance aux mêmes amides que l'on obtient en hydrolysant les adducts d'amines.