gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Angiotensin on Myocardial Contractility (1975)

Previous studies of the effect of angiotensin on myocardial contractility have yielded conflicting results. Possible reasons for the observed disparities include differences in techniques for measuring contractility, in species (dog, cat, and man), in myocardial state (normal or diseased), in preparation observed (heart-lung, isolated heart, papillary muscle, atrial myocardium, intact heart), and in dosage schedule. Moreover, there are no reported studies in the intact human heart, normal or diseased, in which contractility measurements are based on velocity-force relations. To resolve the conflict, left ventricular myocardial contractility was measured using the same expressions for the force-velocity relationship in all subjects. Studies were performed in five normal human subjects, six patients with cardiomyopathy, eight normal mongrel dogs, and six dogs with ischemic myocardial scarring, before and during angiotensin infusions in dosages producing 15--20-mm Hg increases of aortic diastolic pressure. Contractile element velocity at peak, dP/dt (Vce) and the Frank-Levinson contractility index (CyIx), which normalizes Vce for diastolic fiber length, decreased during angiotensin infusion in all groups. The mean decreases (11 to 19) per cent in Vce, 15 to 23 per cent in CyIx, SEM's 4-5 per cent) were significant (P values ranging from smaller than 0.05 to smaller 0.005) in the normal hearts of dogs and man and in the scarred canine hearts, in which preangiotensin Vce and CyIx were normal. In the cardiomyopathy group, in which contractility was depressed before angiotensin, the drug elicited a further decrease in Vce (mean fall 17 plus or minus 7 per cent, P smaller than 0.1) and CyIx (26 plus or minus 8 per cent, P smaller than 0.02). We conclude that, in the intact organism, with a normal myocardium or a diffuse or segmental myocardial disease, the administration of angiotensin results in a depression of contractility.
An Adaptive Variable Structure Control methodology for attitude and position control of a Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicle (2015)

This paper presents an Adaptive Variable Structure Control (AVSC) methodology to autonomously control an UAV platform known as the Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicle (VTAV). The proposed control algorithm eliminates chattering present in Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and improves the settling time of the VTAV system by driving the error states in a parabolic trajectory towards the origin of error space instead of constraining the error states to a predefined sliding manifold. The proposed methodology is also robust to external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the successful operation of the designed control algorithm on the VTAV.
Calorimetric studies of the binding of ferric ions to ovotransferrin and interactions between binding sites (1991)

Transferrins are two-domain proteins with a very strong site for iron binding located in each domain. Using ultrasensitive titration calorimetry, the binding of ferric ion (chelated with a 2-fold molar excess of nitrilotriacetate) to the two sites of ovotransferrin was studied in detail as well as the binding to the single site in the N- and C-terminal half-molecules. In the presence of excess bicarbonate ion, the binding occurs in two kinetic steps. The fast process of contact binding is instantaneous with respect to instrument response time, is strongly exothermic for the N site and less so for the C site, and corresponds to binding of the chelated ferric ion. The slower process of bicarbonate insertion with concomitant release of nitrilotriacetate occurs on a time scale of 2-20 min over the temperature range 7-37 degrees C and is endothermic for the N site and exothermic for the C site, with rates being significantly slower for insertion at the C site. The delta H of binding is strongly temperature-dependent for both sites, arising from a large negative delta Cp of binding which probably indicates removal of hydrophobic groups from contact with water. When bicarbonate ion is absent, only the fast process of contact binding is seen. Each site within a half-molecule is qualitatively similar to the same site in intact ovotransferrin, although quantitative differences were detected. It was shown that contact binding to ovotransferrin occurs reversibly with free exchange of Fe+3 between N and C sites, while the attachment to either site becomes essentially irreversible after bicarbonate insertion. The strong preference for the first ferric ion to bind to the N site is shown to be due to its larger contact binding constant and the faster rate of bicarbonate insertion, relative to the C site, and is not due to stronger thermodynamic binding after bicarbonate insertion. True equilibrium is achieved only over much longer periods of time. In another series of experiments, direct binding studies were carried out between the two half-molecules under different states of ligation with Fe+3 in the presence of bicarbonate. The results indicate that the two binding sites in ovotransferrin, separated by ca. 40 A, are not independent of one another but communicate as a result of ligand-dependent changes in the heats and free energies of domain-domain interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Secretion of Angiogenic and Antiapoptotic Factors by Human Adipose Stromal Cells (2004)

Our experiments delineate the angiogenic and antiapoptotic potential of easily accessible subcutaneous adipose stromal cells by demonstrating the secretion of multiple potentially synergistic proangiogenic growth factors. These findings suggest that autologous delivery of either native or transduced subcutaneous ASCs, which are regulated by hypoxia, may be a novel therapeutic option to enhance angiogenesis or achieve cardiovascular protection.
Analysis of power/ground-plane EMI decoupling performance using the partial-element equivalent circuit technique (2001)

The design of printed circuit (PC) boards with decoupling capacitors has been the subject of debate and different opinions for many years. The design and electrical impact of the capacitors has been difficult to separate from all other electrical interactions occurring on a conventional PC board populated with integrated circuits. This work demonstrates how the partial-element equivalent circuit (PEEC) modeling technique can be used to accurately predict the performance of various decoupling design strategies. Computer modeling using the PEEC approach is very flexible due to the ease of mixing physical geometries with a large number of circuit elements. Also, the compute time for such practical mixed EM and circuit problems are relatively short. Using this technique, the usual iteration between a number of different designs of test boards can be avoided. We show that the change of the voltage across the PC board, or the voltage gradient, can be used as an effective tool for the improvement of the decoupling efficiency.
Document Embedding with Paragraph Vectors (2015)

Paragraph Vectors has been recently proposed as an unsupervised method for learning distributed representations for pieces of texts. In their work, the authors showed that the method can learn an embedding of movie review texts which can be leveraged for sentiment analysis. That proof of concept, while encouraging, was rather narrow. Here we consider tasks other than sentiment analysis, provide a more thorough comparison of Paragraph Vectors to other document modelling algorithms such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and evaluate performance of the method as we vary the dimensionality of the learned representation. We benchmarked the models on two document similarity data sets, one from Wikipedia, one from arXiv. We observe that the Paragraph Vector method performs significantly better than other methods, and propose a simple improvement to enhance embedding quality. Somewhat surprisingly, we also show that much like word embeddings, vector operations on Paragraph Vectors can perform useful semantic results.
Improved Thermal Oxidation Stability of Solution-Processable Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode by Reduced Graphene Oxide (2012)

Solution-processable silver nanowire-reduced graphene oxide (AgNW-rGO) hybrid transparent electrode was prepared in order to replace conventional ITO transparent electrode. AgNW-rGO hybrid transparent electrode exhibited high optical transmittance and low sheet resistance, which is comparable to ITO transparent electrode. In addition, it was found that AgNW-rGO hybrid transparent electrode exhibited highly enhanced thermal oxidation and chemical stabilities due to excellent gas-barrier property of rGO passivation layer onto AgNW film. Furthermore, the organic solar cells with AgNW-rGO hybrid transparent electrode showed good photovoltaic behavior as much as solar cells with AgNW transparent electrode. It is expected that AgNW-rGO hybrid transparent electrode can be used as a key component in various optoelectronic application such as display panels, touch screen panels, and solar cells.
Lipase‐Catalyzed acyiation of sugars solubilized in hydrophobic solvents by complexation (1993)

By complexing glucose and other mono- and disaccharides with phenylboronic acid, they were solubilized in many organic solvents. Pseudomonas sp. lipoprotein lipase readily acylated such solubilized sugars in these solvents (no reaction was observed without phenylboronic acid, i.e., when sugars are insoluble in the reaction medium). Solubilized D-glucose was enzymatically acylated with vinyl acrylate on a preparative scale, and the resultant 6-O-acryloylglucose was chemically polymerized to yield a sugar-based polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 14,000 Da.
Balanced Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Activities Are Critical for Efficient Replication of Influenza A Virus (2000)

The SD0 mutant of influenza virus A/WSN/33 (WSN), characterized by a 24-amino-acid deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk, does not grow in embryonated chicken eggs because of defective NA function. Continuous passage of SD0 in eggs yielded 10 independent clones that replicated efficiently. Characterization of these egg-adapted viruses showed that five of the viruses contained insertions in the NA gene from the PB1, PB2, or NP gene, in the region linking the transmembrane and catalytic head domains, demonstrating that recombination of influenza viral RNA segments occurs relatively frequently. The other five viruses did not contain insertions in this region but displayed decreased binding affinity toward sialylglycoconjugates, compared with the binding properties of the parental virus. Sequence analysis of one of the latter viruses revealed mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, at sites in close proximity to the sialic acid receptor-binding pocket. These mutations appear to compensate for reduced NA function due to stalk deletions. Thus, balanced HA-NA functions are necessary for efficient influenza virus replication.
Consequences of cellular cholesterol accumulation: basic concepts and physiological implications (2002)

acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT); cholesteryl ester (CE); Niemann-
Interventional Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapy With Intracranial Self-Expanding Stent (2008)

This preliminary experience with SEIS in refractory AIS demonstrated the technical feasibility and high rate of recanalization with acute stenting. Long-term safety and strategies to limit in-stent thrombosis and optimize periprocedural management are crucial before initiating future randomized efficacy studies with SEIS in AIS refractory to standard therapy.
Antifouling Coatings: Recent Developments in the Design of Surfaces That Prevent Fouling by Proteins, Bacteria, and Marine Organisms (2010)

The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.
Large scale RNAi screen in Tribolium reveals novel target genes for pest control and the proteasome as prime target (2015)

Our results will aid the identification of RNAi target genes in many pest species by providing a manageable number of excellent candidate genes to be tested and the proteasome as prime target. Further, the identified GO term combinations will help to identify efficient target genes from organ specific transcriptomes. Our off target analysis is relevant for the sequence selection used in transgenic plants.
The problem of chronic refractory angina. Report from the ESC Joint Study Group on the Treatment of Refractory Angina (2002)

Unsuitable anatomy, such as diffuse coronary sclerosis, often with well-preserved left ventricular function. Sometimes called end-stage angina. One or several previous CABGs and/or PTCAs which exclude further benefit or possibility of further revascularization. Lack of graft material. Impaired left ventricular function in patients with previous CABG and/or PTCA. Extracardiac diseases which increase perioperative/postoperative morbidity or mortality, such as general arteriosclerotic disease, renal insufficiency, carotide stenosis and pulmonary disease. Age -often in combination with the above mentioned factors.
Defensins: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Peptides of Mammalian Cells (1993)

Defensins are antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides that contain 29-35 amino acid residues, including six invariant cysteines whose intramolecular disulfide bonds cyclize and stabilize them in a complexly folded, triple-stranded beta-sheet configuration. Generated by the proteolytic processing of 93-95 amino acid precursor peptides, the constitute > 5% of the total cellular protein in human and rabbit neutrophils (polymorphonucleated neutrophils--PMN) and are also produced by rabbit lung macrophages and by mouse and rabbit small intestinal Paneth cells. Despite their prominence in rat PMN, defensins are not found in murine PMN. The antimicrobial spectrum of defensins includes gram positive and gram negative bacteria, mycobacteria, T. pallidum, many fungi, and some enveloped viruses. Defensins exert nonspecific cytotoxic activity against a wide range of normal and malignant targets, including cells resistant to TNF-alpha and NK-cytolytic factor. They appear to kill mammalian target cells and microorganisms by a common mechanism, which involves initial electrostatic interactions with negatively charged target cell surface molecules (likely the head groups of polar membrane lipids), followed by insertion into the cell membranes which they permeabilize, forming voltage-regulated channels. In addition to their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, some defensins act as opsonins, while others inhibit protein kinase C, bind specifically to the ACTH receptor and block steroidogenesis or act as selective chemoattractants for monocytes. Defensins are a newly delineated family of effector molecules whose contribution to host defense, inflammation, and cytotoxicity may be considerable for humans, even though it is unlikely to be revealed by experimentation with mice.
TAK1 Is a Master Regulator of Epidermal Homeostasis Involving Skin Inflammation and Apoptosis (2006)

Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) functions downstream of inflammatory cytokines to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as well as NF-kappaB in several cell types. However, the functional role of TAK1 in an in vivo setting has not been determined. Here we have demonstrated that TAK1 is the major regulator of skin inflammation as well as keratinocyte death in vivo. Epidermal-specific deletion of TAK1 causes a severe inflammatory skin condition by postnatal day 6-8. The mutant skin also exhibits massive keratinocyte death. Analysis of keratinocytes isolated from the mutant skin revealed that TAK1 deficiency results in a striking increase in apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TAK1-deficient keratinocytes cannot activate NF-kappaB or JNK upon TNF treatment. These results suggest that TNF induces TAK1-deficient keratinocyte death because of the lack of NF-kappaB (and possibly JNK)-mediated cell survival signaling. Finally, we have shown that deletion of the TNF receptor can largely rescue keratinocyte death as well as inflammatory skin condition in epidermal-specific TAK1-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that TAK1 is a master regulator of TNF signaling in skin and regulates skin inflammation and keratinocyte death.
[Comparison of the sensitivity of murine hematopoietic and P388 leukemic stem cells to five antitumor drugs]. (1983)

Effects of five antitumor drugs on the murine normal hemopoietic and P_(388) leukemic colony-forming cells were studied and compared by means of spleen colony assay. Dose-survival curves for the normal spleen colony-forming units (NCFU-S) and the leukemic spleen colony-forming units (LCFU-S) exposed to harringtonine (H), partial synthetic harringtonine (PSH), homoharringtonine (HH), and cyclophosphamide (CP)exhibited exponential forms. The value of efficacy ratios of the four drugs was 5.15, 6.01, 7.96, and 9.98 in the following order for H, PSH, HH, and CP, respectively. All dosage levels of arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C)used showed no distinct effect on the NCFU-S, but exhibited a strong effect on the LCFU-S with increasing dosage; the dose-survival curve for LCFU-S was decreased to a plateau value of 0.2% at the dosage of 500-1000 mg/kg. No obvious effect of H, HH, and PSH on the dose-survival curves was observed when the doses used were less than 0.3, 0.28 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively.
Arithmetic Coding (1979)

The earlier introduced arithmetic coding idea has been generalized to a very broad and flexible coding technique which includes virtually all known variable rate noiseless coding techniques as special cases. An outstanding feature of this technique is that alphabet extensions are not required. A complete decodability analysis is given. The relationship of arithmetic coding to other known nonblock codes is illuminated.
Distributed contention-aware call admission control for IEEE 802.11 multi-radio multi-rate multi-channel wireless mesh networks (2008)

In this paper, we focus on call admission control (CAC) in IEEE 802.11 multi-radio multi-rate multi-channel (MR2-MC) wireless mesh networks (WMNs). CAC is the key component of QoS routing protocols. The goal of CAC is to protect existing flows from QoS violations and fully utilize available radio resource on channels. We propose a CAC mechanism, called Contention-Aware Multi-channel Call Admission Control (CMC), for MR2-MC WMNs based on IEEE 802.11 DCF. CMC is fully distributed, relies on local information to estimate the residual bandwidth of a path, and can be integrated into existing routing protocols for MR2-MC WMNs to provide QoS. We evaluate the performance of CMC via ns-2 simulations. The results show that CMC can precisely predict the end-to-end residual bandwidths of paths, successfully protects existing flows from QoS violations, and fully utilizes the bandwidths on channels.
Antiviral nucleoside toxicity in canine bone marrow progenitor cells and its relationship to drug permeation (1992)

The most promising nucleoside analogs that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical testing for anti-HIV activity belong to the dideoxynucleoside group. We have studied the toxicity of 3'-azido,3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC), and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (DDI) in canine bone marrow progenitor cells in culture. AZT potently inhibited both canine CFU-GM and CFU-E with IC50 values of 2 and 8 mumol/l respectively, while DDC was relatively non-toxic to either progenitor with IC50 of > 200 mumol/l and 80 mumol/l respectively. DDI was mildly toxic to the bone marrow progenitors, with IC50 values of 62 mumol/l for CFU-GM and 70 mumol/l for CFU-E. Dipyridamole, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, did not influence the toxicity of these dideoxynucleosides in either progenitor at concentrations up to 10 mumol/l. Using uridine as the prototype endogenous nucleoside, we have demonstrated that there is a saturable "zero-trans" nucleoside transport system in canine bone marrow mononuclear cells, which is completely inhibited by 1 mumol/l dipyridamole (Ki = 0.02 mumol/l). None of the dideoxynucleosides appeared to be a substrate for this transport system, and dipyridamole did not alter their influx. Permeation of radiolabeled AZT into bone marrow mononuclear cells was slow and non-saturable, while the permeation of DDI was even slower. DDC did not permeate bone marrow cells well, with very little cell accumulation even after 2 hours of equilibration. Our toxicity data from canine bone marrow progenitor cells paralleled the clinical hematotoxicity profiles of these dideoxynucleosides in AIDS patients and suggest that the myelotoxicity of a nucleoside analog is related to its ability to permeate the progenitor cells in question. Canine bone marrow progenitor cultures may serve well as an in vitro model for drug hematotoxicity studies.
Positional Effect of Chemical Modifications on Short Interference RNA Activity in Mammalian Cells (2005)

A systematic study on the effect of 2'-sugar modifications (2'-F (2'-F-2'-deoxy-nucleoside residues), 2'-O-Me (2'-O-methyl-nucleoside residues), and 2'-O-MOE [2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]-nucleoside residues) in the antisense and sense strands of short interference RNA (siRNA) was performed in HeLa cells. The study of the antisense strand of siRNAs demonstrated that activity depends on the position of the modifications in the sequence. The siRNAs with modified ribonucleotides at the 5'-end of the antisense strand were less active relative to the 3'-modified ones. The 2'-F sugar was generally well-tolerated on the antisense strand, whereas the 2'-O-Me showed significant shift in activity depending on the position of modification. The 2'-O-MOE modification in the antisense strand resulted in less active siRNA constructs regardless of placement position in the construct. The incorporation of the modified residues, e.g., 2'-O-Me and 2'-O-MOE, in the sense strand of siRNA did not show a strong positional preference. These results may provide guidelines to design effective and stable siRNAs for RNA interference mediated therapeutic applications.