gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosome elimination and in vivo haploid production induced by Stock 6-derived inducer line in maize (Zea mays L.) (2008)

In vivo haploid production induced by inducer lines derived from Stock 6 is widely used in breeding program of maize (Zea mays L.), but the mechanisms behind have not yet been fully understood. In this study, average frequency of haploid induction in four inbred lines by Stock 6-derived inducer line HZI1 was above 10%. About 0.2% kernels from the cross Hua24 x HZI1 had mosaic endosperm showing yellow shrunken parts from Hua24 to normal parts with purple aleurone from HZI1. Individual lagged chromosomes and micronuclei were observed in mitotic cells of ovules pollinated by HZI1. Above 56.4% of the radicles from the kernels with purple aleurone and colorless embryos were mixoploid (2n = 9-21), and more than 45.22% cells were haploid cells (2n = 10) in three crosses. More than 62.5% of the radicles from the kernels with purple aleurone and purple embryos were mixoploid (2n = 9-21) having 54.27% cells with 2n = 20. SSR analysis showed that all haploids from the cross Hua24 x HZI1 shared the same genomic compositions as Hua24 except for plants Nos. 862 and 857 with some polymorphic DNA bands. The results revealed that chromosome elimination after fertilization caused the haploid production in maize.
Ecological Genetics of Insecticide and Acaricide Resistance (1987)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Quinine‐induced immune thrombocytopenia with hemolytic uremic syndrome: Clinical and serological findings in nine patients and review of literature (1994)

Quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a recently defined clinical entity. In this paper we have attempted to characterize the natural history and laboratory abnormalities typical of quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome in nine patients experiencing ten episodes of the disease. In addition, review of other reported cases of probable quinine-induced HUS is presented. The disease was characterized by the onset of chills, diapheresis, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, decreased urine output, and petechiae following quinine exposure. All patients experience significant anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, elevated serum creatinine, and oliguria. Quinine-dependent platelet-reactive antibodies were identified in eight of nine using flow cytometry. Unexpectedly, drug-dependent antibodies reactive with red cells and granulocytes were identified in four and eight patients, respectively. All patients were treated with plasma exchange (range 1-12 procedures), and seven required hemodialysis. All survive without residual abnormality. Our experience with nine patients with quinine-induced HUS and the nine additional cases reported by others and reviewed in this paper establishes this condition as a distinct clinical entity. Adult patients presenting with HUS should routinely be asked about exposure to quinine in the form of medication or beverages. The mechanism by which quinine-dependent antibodies produce renal failure is uncertain, but preliminary studies (described elsewhere) suggest that drug-induced antibodies reactive with endothelial cells and possibly margination of granulocytes in renal glomeruli may be responsible for this complication. The prognosis in quinine-induced HUS is better than in other forms of adult HUS.
Establishment of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Erythroid Progenitor Cell Lines Able to Produce Functional Red Blood Cells (2008)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show the feasibility of establishing erythroid cell lines able to produce mature RBCs. Considering the number of human ES cell lines that have been established so far, the intensive testing of a number of these lines for erythroid potential may allow the establishment of human erythroid cell lines similar to the mouse erythroid cell lines described here. In addition, our results strongly suggest the possibility of establishing useful cell lines committed to specific lineages other than hematopoietic progenitors from human ES cells.
Receptor-mediated stimulatory effect of atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide on testosterone production in purified mouse Leydig cells: activation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (1993)

We have investigated the mechanism by which different natriuretic peptides stimulate steroidogenesis in purified mouse Leydig cells. In addition to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), we show that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) also stimulate testosterone production in these cells. Testosterone production was increased dramatically to 14-fold with ANF (EC50 = 0.3 nM) and 15-fold with BNP (EC50 = 0.2 nM); however, the CNP-stimulated level of testosterone production was only 2.5-fold compared with controls. ANF and BNP enhanced the stimulatory effect of LH on testosterone production. The C-ANF(4-23) (a truncated form of ANF) had no effect on testosterone production in these cells. ANF, BNP, and CNP stimulated the production of intermediate precursors of testosterone biosynthesis, which included progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone, androstenedione, pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxy pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to testosterone was also significantly enhanced after treatment of Leydig cells with these peptides. All three natriuretic peptides (ANF, BNP, and CNP) stimulated the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase by 8.4-, 8.5-, and 4.8-fold and the accumulation of intracellular cGMP by 52-, 58-, and 19-fold, respectively. The cGMP inhibitor LY83583 attenuated both the generation of cGMP as well as testosterone in response to these natriuretic peptides, suggesting the involvement of cGMP as a second messenger. Leydig cells were found to contain high affinity and low capacity binding sites for ANF [dissociation constant (Kd), 2.0 x 10(-10) M; maximum binding capacity (Bmax). 20 fmol/1 x 10(5) cells], BNP (Kd, 2.2 x 10(-10) M; Bmax, 19 fmol/1 x 10(5) cells), and CNP (Kd, 3.1 x 10(-10) M; Bmax, 8.6 fmol/1 x 10(5) cells). The results presented here document that a family of different natriuretic peptides stimulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis in receptor-mediated fashion, beginning at the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. The data also show that these peptide hormones induce testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells by involving both delta 4- and delta 5-pathways of steroidogenesis.
Tip characterization and surface reconstruction of complex structures with critical dimension atomic force microscopy (2005)

This paper presents the first known image reconstruction of complex probe tip shapes and the removal of those shapes from reentrant topologies that are encountered in critical dimension (CD) measurements. Algorithm improvements are described that enable reentrant image reconstruction. In addition, a solution is presented which eliminates image artifacts that result from noise when using Legendre transform or “slope-matching” reconstruction techniques. The new methods are compared to existing technology and demonstrated on reentrant features. Although demonstrated with two-dimensional profiles, the methods are readily extendable to three-dimensional morphologies. Tip wear effects on CD measurement are investigated and compared with the previous state-of-the-art method (“tip width subtraction”) and fully reconstructed images, clearly showing superior measurement stability for the image reconstruction method. Finally, CD measurements derived from reconstructed images are compared directly with Hitachi S4000 and S5000 cross-section SEM (X-SEM) data. The results show a close match between the SEM and CD AFM data.
Antibiotic-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis Due to Toxin-Producing Clostridia (1978)

A substance producing cytotoxicity in tissue culture was detected in stool specimens from all of four patients with pseudomembranous colitis due to antibiotics and in one of 54 with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. These stools also caused enterocolitis when injected intracecally into hamsters. On each occasion, cytotoxicity in tissue culture and enterocolitis in hamsters were neutralized by pretreatment with gas-gangrene antitoxin. The toxicity in both tissue cultures and hamsters could be reproduced with broth cultures of clostridia strains isolated from four of the five stools. These results suggest that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
Block Catiomer Polyplexes with Regulated Densities of Charge and Disulfide Cross-Linking Directed To Enhance Gene Expression (2004)

A block catiomer polyplex, showing a high stability in the extracellular medium and an efficient release of plasmid DNA (pDNA) in the intracellular compartment, was developed by controlling both the cationic charge and disulfide cross-linking densities of the backbone polycations. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine) block copolymer (PEG-PLL) was thiolated using either of two thiolation reagents, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) or 2-iminothiolane (Traut's reagent), to investigate the effects of both the charge and disulfide cross-linking densities on the properties of the polyplexes. The introduction of thiol groups by SPDP proceeded through the formation of amide linkages to concomitantly decrease the cationic charge density of PLL segment, whereas Traut's reagent promoted the thiolation with the introduction of cationic imino groups to keep the charge density constant. These thiolated PEG-PLLs were complexed with pDNA to form the disulfide cross-linked block catiomer polyplexes, which had the size of approximately 100 nm. Both thiolation methods were similarly effective in introducing disulfide cross-links to prevent the polyplex from the dissociation through a counter polyanion exchange in the extracellular oxidative condition. On the other hand, the efficient release of pDNA responding to the reductive condition mimicking the intracellular environment was only achieved for the polyplex thiolated with SPDP, a system compensating for the decrease in the charge density with the disulfide cross-linking. This distinctive sensitivity toward oxidative and reductive environments was nicely correlated with the remarkable difference in the transfection efficiency between these two types of thiolated polyplexes (SPDP and Traut's reagent types): the former revealed approximately 50 times higher transfection efficiency toward 293T cells than the latter. Obviously, the balance between the densities of the cationic charge and disulfide cross-linking in the thiolated polyplex played a crucial role in the delivery and controlled release of entrapped pDNA into the microenvironment of intracellular compartment to achieve the high transfection efficiency.
Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Signal Peptide Displays a Novel Topology with an Extended Endoplasmic Reticulum Luminal Region (2004)

Lassa virus glycoprotein C (GP-C) is translated as a precursor (preGP-C) into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cotranslationally cleaved into the signal peptide and immature GP-C before GP-C is proteolytically processed into its subunits, GP-1 and GP-2, which form the mature virion spikes. The signal peptide of preGP-C comprises 58 amino acids and contains two distinct hydrophobic domains. Here, we show that each hydrophobic domain alone can insert preGP-C into the ER membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the native signal peptide only uses the N-terminal hydrophobic domain for membrane insertion, exhibiting a novel type of a topology for signal peptides with an extended ER luminal part, which is essential for proteolytic processing of GP-C into GP-1 and GP-2.
Isotope-Coded and Affinity-Tagged Cross-Linking (ICATXL):  An Efficient Strategy to Probe Protein Interaction Surfaces (2006)

Chemical cross-linking followed by identification of the cross-linked residues by mass spectrometry provides structural information on protein interaction surfaces. Nevertheless, accurate analysis of the digested, cross-linked proteins is often challenging. Herein, we describe a novel strategy that relies on the use of affinity-tagged cross-linkers and isotope coding on the cross-linker-modified species. Incorporation of O16 or O18 during the hydrolysis of the cross-linkers results in a characteristic "doublet" for the undesired products of a half-cross-linking reaction. Therefore, genuine cross-linked peptides are readily distinguished for further structural analysis. This strategy permits a sensitive and facile analysis on a dimeric protease inhibitor, ecotin, showing general applicability to other protein assemblies.
Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatocyte proliferation gene expression in vivo and in vitro (2012)

Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) catalyzes the sulfation of 3β-hydroxysteroids and functions as a selective cholesterol and oxysterol sulfotransferase. Activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) by oxysterols has been known to be an antiproliferative factor. Overexpression of SULT2B1b impairs LXR's response to oxysterols, by which it regulates lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro effects of SULT2B1b on liver proliferation and the underlying mechanisms. Primary rat hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice were infected with adenovirus encoding SULT2B1b. Liver proliferation was determined by measuring the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining labeling index. The correlation between SULT2B1b and PCNA expression in mouse liver tissues was determined by double immunofluorescence. Gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. SULT2B1b overexpression in mouse liver tissues increased PCNA-positive cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increased expression of PCNA in mouse liver tissues was only observed in the SULT2B1b transgenic cells. Small interference RNA SULT2B1b significantly inhibited cell cycle regulatory gene expressions in primary rat hepatocytes. LXR activation by T0901317 effectively suppressed SULT2B1b-induced gene expression in vivo and in vitro. SULT2B1b may promote hepatocyte proliferation by inactivating oxysterol/LXR signaling.
Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene (1995)

The gene product of the ob locus is important in the regulation of body weight. The ob product was shown to be present as a 16-kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but was undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of this protein were increased in diabetic (db) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either mouse or human recombinant OB protein reduced the body weight of ob/ob mice by 30 percent after 2 weeks of treatment with no apparent toxicity but had no effect on db/db mice. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent. These data suggest that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.
A 0.1-μm delta-doped MOSFET fabricated with post-low-energy implanting selective epitaxy (1998)

A simple fabrication technology for delta-doped MOSFETs, named post-low-energy implanting selective epitaxy (PLISE) is presented. The PLISE technology needs no additional photo-lithography mask, deposition step or etching step even for CMOS devices. The only additional step is growing undoped epitaxial channel layers by UHV-CVD after the channel implantation. With this technology, delta-doped NMOSFETs with 0.1-/spl mu/m gate length were successfully fabricated. By optimizing the epi-layer thickness and the channel doping level, short-channel effects are suppressed enough to achieve 0.1-/spl mu/m gate length. Moreover, the junction capacitance at zero bias is reduced by 50%.
Determination of Adriamycin and Its Metabolites in Biological Samples Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. II. Analysis of Tissues by Extraction Method (1984)

We developed a favourable method for the determination of adriamycin (ADR) and its metabolites in tissues by use of high porformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Tissue was homogenized and extracted with a mixture of butanol and toluene. The extract was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved with a mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol. An aliquot of this solution was injected onto reversed-phase ODS column, and eluted by a mixture of 1 N formic acid and methanol. The fluorescence signal was monitored at Ex 470 nm and Em 585 nm. Six kinds of tissues from ADR-administered rabbits were analysed by the present method and the total fluorescence method. ADR, adriamycinol and two unidentified metabolites, were detected on chromatograms. Compared with the total fluorescence method, this method is possible to determine each concentration of ADR and its metabolites in tissues. Metabolites are better separated on chromatograms by use of this reversedphase column than normal phase columns previously described.
Consistent floorplanning with hierarchical superconstraints (2002)

Sequence-pair-based floorplanning has revealed the limit of its usefulness in very large scale integration layout design, the key issue being that it is nonhierarchical and indifferent to the preceding step of partitioning. This paper restructures the sequence pair enhanced to a pair of logic expressions to accept the constraint induced by the previous step - the balanced bipartition. Since the bipartition is hierarchical in nature, the transferred constraint is called the hierarchical superconstraint. Since floorplanning based on this data structure automatically works cooperatively with the partitioning, it is called the consistent floorplanning, which has potential to store all the feasible floorplans under the constraint induced by any balanced binary search. As a typical example, we focus on clock-tree synthesis by H-tree. Experiments are given to show better achievements in length and wire density for module-based circuits and clock trees.
The 17D-204 Vaccine Strain-Induced Protection against Virulent Yellow Fever Virus Is Mediated by Humoral Immunity and CD4+ but not CD8+ T Cells (2016)

A gold standard of antiviral vaccination has been the safe and effective live-attenuated 17D-based yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccines. Among more than 500 million vaccinees, only a handful of cases have been reported in which vaccinees developed a virulent wild type YFV infection. This efficacy is presumed to be the result of both neutralizing antibodies and a robust T cell response. However, the particular immune components required for protection against YFV have never been evaluated. An understanding of the immune mechanisms that underlie 17D-based vaccine efficacy is critical to the development of next-generation vaccines against flaviviruses and other pathogens. Here we have addressed this question for the first time using a murine model of disease. Similar to humans, vaccination elicited long-term protection against challenge, characterized by high neutralizing antibody titers and a robust T cell response that formed long-lived memory. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were polyfunctional and cytolytic. Adoptive transfer of immune sera or CD4+ T cells provided partial protection against YFV, but complete protection was achieved by transfer of both immune sera and CD4+ T cells. Thus, robust CD4+ T cell activity may be a critical contributor to protective immunity elicited by highly effective live attenuated vaccines.
FK228 (depsipeptide) as a natural prodrug that inhibits class I histone deacetylases. (2002)

FK228 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, the molecular mechanism of inhibition of which has been unknown. Here we show that reduction of an intramolecular disulfide bond of FK228 greatly enhanced its inhibitory activity and that the disulfide bond was rapidly reduced in cells by cellular reducing activity involving glutathione. Computer modeling suggests that one of the sulfhydryl groups of the reduced form of FK228 (redFK) interacts with the active-site zinc, preventing the access of the substrate. HDAC1 and HDAC2 were more strongly inhibited by redFK than HDAC4 and HDAC6. redFK was less active than FK228 in inhibiting in vivo HDAC activity, due to rapid inactivation in medium and serum. Thus, FK228 serves as a stable prodrug to inhibit class I enzymes and is activated by reduction after uptake into the cells. The glutathione-mediated activation also implicates its clinical usefulness for counteracting glutathione-mediated drug resistance in chemotherapy.
Skin pH Changes Associated With Iontophoresis (1999)

The skin pH changes that occur during a properly delivered iontophoresis treatment at dosages of 20 and 40 mA/min were small and not significantly different with or without the addition of buffers. Those pH changes associated with 80 mA/min doses were significantly greater when no buffer was employed but were stabilized by each of the buffers used in the study (preloaded immobile resins or simple phosphates added at point of treatment).
Assessing Vaccine Effects in Repeated Low‐Dose Challenge Experiments (2009)

Evaluation of HIV vaccine candidates in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is a critical step toward developing a successful vaccine to control the HIV pandemic. Historically, HIV vaccine regimens have been tested in NHPs by administering a single high dose of the challenge virus. More recently, evaluation of candidate HIV vaccines has entailed repeated low-dose challenges, which more closely mimic typical exposure in natural transmission settings. In this article, we consider evaluation of the type and magnitude of vaccine efficacy from such experiments. Based on the principal stratification framework, we also address evaluation of potential immunological surrogate endpoints for infection.
Efficient gradient projection optimization for manipulators with multiple degrees of redundancy (2002)

An efficient gradient projection optimization scheme is presented for manipulators with multiple degrees of redundancy. This is an extension of the gradient projection scheme presented by R.B. Dubey et al. (Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, p.28-36, 1989) for manipulators with one degree of redundancy. The feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are tested through simulations of the seven-degree-of-freedom NASA Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator (LTM). Only the position of the LTM end effector is controlled, which requires only three degrees of freedom. The remaining joints, except for the wrist roll joint, which does not contribute to the end-effector linear velocity, provide three degrees of redundancy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>