gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus‐Mimetic Fusogenic Exosomes for Direct Delivery of Integral Membrane Proteins to Target Cell Membranes (2017)

An efficient system for direct delivery of integral membrane proteins is successfully developed using a new biocompatible exosome-based platform. Fusogenic exosomes harboring viral fusogen, vascular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G protein, can fuse with and modify plasma membranes in a process called "membrane editing." This can facilitate the transfer of biologically active membrane proteins into the target cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo.
Evolutionary History of the Grasses (2001)

While some scientists have been working to sequence and describe the human genome, with increasingly dramatic results, another set of scientists has been quietly providing a map of evolutionary history, a time line that shows how life has evolved. Unlike the genome projects, which accumulate
HIPERLAN - the Mbit/s radio LAN (1995)

In 1991, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) set up an ad-hoc group to study the possibilities for standardising radio LANs (RLANs). It was concluded that although medium and high bit rate systems (up to about 2 Mbit/s) could be created based on either the 1.9 GHz DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications) standard or using the 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band, there was a clear need for a new standard to provide very high data rates of around 20 Mbit/s. This new standard is called the High Performance Radio Local Area Network, or HIPERLAN, and companies from across Europe have successfully completed this standard. In February 1995, the standard was approved to go forward for public enquiry. Although this public enquiry process may lead to refinement of the standard, major changes are not envisaged, and the current status of the standard is presented. The initial phase of the work on HIPERLAN was to define the appropriate technical targets. These were set so as to be ambitious, but still considered feasible for implementation within a two to three year timescale. The key requirements for the design of the HIPERLAN standard are summarised in a table and are then described in more detail.
Murine nasal septa for respiratory epithelial air-liquid interface cultures (2007)

Air-liquid interface models using murine tracheal respiratory epithelium have revolutionized the in vitro study of pulmonary diseases. This model is often impractical because of the small number of respiratory epithelial cells that can be isolated from the mouse trachea. We describe a simple technique to harvest the murine nasal septum and grow the epithelial cells in an air-liquid interface. The degree of ciliation of mouse trachea, nasal septum, and their respective cultured epithelium at an air-liquid interface were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immunocytochemistry for type IV beta-tubulin and zona occludens-1 (Zo-1) are performed to determine differentiation and confluence, respectively. To rule out contamination with olfactory epithelium (OE), immunocytochemistry for olfactory marker protein (OMP) was performed. Transepithelial resistance and potential measurements were determined using a modified vertical Ussing chamber SEM reveals approximately 90% ciliated respiratory epithelium in the nasal septum as compared with 35% in the mouse trachea. The septal air-liquid interface culture demonstrates comparable ciliated respiratory epithelium to the nasal septum. Immunocytochemistry demonstrates an intact monolayer and diffuse differentiated ciliated epithelium. These cultures exhibit a transepithelial resistance and potential confirming a confluent monolayer with electrically active airway epitheliumn containing both a sodium-absorptive pathway and a chloride-secretory pathway. To increase the yield of respiratory epithelial cells harvested from mice, we have found the nasal septum is a superior source when compared with the trachea. The nasal septum increases the yield of respiratory epithelial cells up to 8-fold.
Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (1981)

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NOTCH ANDPRESENILIN: Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis Links Development and Degeneration (2003)

▪ Abstract Intensive studies of three proteins—Presenilin, Notch, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP)—have led to the recognition of a direct intersection between early development and late-life neurodegeneration. Notch signaling mediates many different intercellular communication events that are essential for determining the fates of neural and nonneural cells during development and in the adult. The Notch receptor acts in a core pathway as a membrane-bound transcription factor that is released to the nucleus by a two-step cleavage mechanism called regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The second cleavage is effected by Presenilin, an unusual polytopic aspartyl protease that apparently cleaves Notch and numerous other single-transmembrane substrates within the lipid bilayer. Another Presenilin substrate, APP, releases the amyloid ß-protein that can accumulate over time in limbic and association cortices and help initiate Alzheimer's disease. Elucidating the detailed mechanism of Presenilin processing of membrane proteins is important for understanding diverse signal transduction pathways and potentially for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Temperature-Dependent Battery Models for High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries (2001)

In this study, two battery models for a high-power lithium ion (Li-Ion) cell were compared for their use in hybrid electric vehicle simulations in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program. Saft America developed the high-power Li-Ion
Enhancing the Specificity of T-Cell Cultures for Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer (2010)

Adoptive immunotherapy is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer; however, autoimmunity against normal tissue can be a serious complication of this therapy. We hypothesized that T-cell cultures responding maximally only when engaging two antigens would be more specific for tumor cells, and less active against normal cells, as long as the tumor expressed both antigens, while normal cells expressed only one of the antigens. A model system was developed consisting of cell lines expressing either folate binding protein or erbB-2, representing 'normal' tissue, and cells expressing both antigens representing tumor tissue. Human T-cell cultures were produced using two chimeric antigen receptor vectors ('dual transduced'), or using a single chimeric antigen receptor vector (monospecific). Dual-transduced T cells responded less against 'normal' cells compared with tumor cells. This relatively simple procedure produced T-cell cultures that were as active against a tumor as the monospecific cultures used traditionally, but had lower activity against model normal cells.
A Fast Digital Predistortion Algorithm for Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier Linearization With Loop Delay Compensation (2009)

An adaptive, digital, baseband predistortion (PD) algorithm that compensates for the memoryless nonlinearities of radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) for wireless systems using non-constant-envelop modulation schemes is presented. Compared with the conventional, complex-gain predistorters based on lookup tables (LUTs), the proposed direct-learning, multilevel lookup table (ML-LUT) approach assisted by a hardware-efficient loop delay compensation scheme achieves a significant reduction in convergence time and an improvement in linearization accuracy in the presence of an unknown loopback delay. The experimental results in an FPGA prototyping platform show that the fast adaptation speed enables the predistorter to track time-varying PA nonlinearities as fast as in the tens of kilohertz range, constituting a potential solution for highly efficient PAs in mobile handsets.
A Convenient Method to Produce Close‐ and Non‐close‐Packed Monolayers using Direct Assembly at the Air–Water Interface and Subsequent Plasma‐Induced Size Reduction (2011)

Abstract An extremely facile approach to produce close‐packed colloidal monolayers over large areas using direct assembly at the air–water interface is presented. The influence of small amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as the influence of the pH value of the subphase on the quality of the resulting monolayer is investigated. It is found that small amounts of SDS at the interface influence capillary forces and form a soft barrier that facilitates the crystallization process. Increased electrostatic repulsion arising from a higher pH of the subphase induced a higher order using carboxylic acid functionalized particles. The deposited close‐packed monolayers were subjected to plasma treatment in order to shrink the colloids and produce non‐close packed monolayers with lattice spacing and symmetry reflecting the order of the initial close‐packed monolayer. A detailed examination of etching conditions and their influence on the shrinkage of the particles was performed, including effects of plasma power, composition, flow rates as well as polymeric‐ and substrate material. The monolayers exhibit vivid coloration, which is determined by their size and packing density. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the change of monolayer color during the size reduction of the individual particles. A simple theoretical model was elaborated to explain the optical properties. Finally, the non‐close‐packed monolayers were used as masks to produce gold nanostructures to exemplify the versatility of the monolayer architectures in nanosphere lithography. magnified image
Lithium Distribution in Aluminum-Free Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (2011)

Li sites and occupancies are determined by neutron diffraction of cubic Al-free Li7La3Zr2O12. Maximum 7.5 Li per formula unit in the garnet formwork can be determined from the model, with half of the tetrahedral sites vacant and long-range ordered.
Evaluation of methods for the prediction of membrane spanning regions (2001)

Here we present an evaluation of the performance of the currently best known and most widely used methods for the prediction of transmembrane regions in proteins. Our results show that TMHMM is currently the best performing transmembrane prediction program.
Magnetic Response of Metamaterials at 100 Terahertz (2004)

An array of single nonmagnetic metallic split rings can be used to implement a magnetic resonance, which arises from an inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) resonance, at 100-terahertz frequency. The excitation of the LC resonance in the normal-incidence geometry used in our experiments occurs through the coupling of the electric field of the incident light to the capacitance. The measured optical spectra of the nanofabricated gold structures come very close to the theoretical expectations. Additional numerical simulations show that our structures exhibit a frequency range with negative permeability for a beam configuration in which the magnetic field couples to the LC resonance. Together with an electric response that has negative permittivity, this can lead to materials with a negative index of refraction.
Recombinase technology: applications and possibilities (2010)

The use of recombinases for genomic engineering is no longer a new technology. In fact, this technology has entered its third decade since the initial discovery that recombinases function in heterologous systems (Sauer in Mol Cell Biol 7(6):2087-2096, 1987). The random insertion of a transgene into a plant genome by traditional methods generates unpredictable expression patterns. This feature of transgenesis makes screening for functional lines with predictable expression labor intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, an antibiotic resistance gene is often left in the final product and the potential escape of such resistance markers into the environment and their potential consumption raises consumer concern. The use of site-specific recombination technology in plant genome manipulation has been demonstrated to effectively resolve complex transgene insertions to single copy, remove unwanted DNA, and precisely insert DNA into known genomic target sites. Recombinases have also been demonstrated capable of site-specific recombination within non-nuclear targets, such as the plastid genome of tobacco. Here, we review multiple uses of site-specific recombination and their application toward plant genomic engineering. We also provide alternative strategies for the combined use of multiple site-specific recombinase systems for genome engineering to precisely insert transgenes into a pre-determined locus, and removal of unwanted selectable marker genes.
Impact of chromosomal rearrangement upon DNA methylation patterns in leukemia (2017)

Genomic instability, including genetic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements, can lead to cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs commonly in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a specific chromosomal lesion the <i>BCR-ABL</i> translocation t(9:22), in establishing DNA methylation profiles in cancer. <i>Materials and methods</i> We compared DNA methylation of 1,505 selected promoter CpGs in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with and without the Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22), CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells transfected with <i>BCR-ABL</i>, and other tumors without <i>BCR-ABL</i> (acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In this study, the DNA methylation profile of CML was more closely related to APL, another myeloid leukemia, than Ph+ ALL. Although DNA methylation profiles were consistent within a specific tumor type, overall DNA methylation profiles were no influenced by <i>BCR-ABL</i> gene translocation in the cancers and tissues studied. We conclude that DNA methylation profiles may reflect the cell of origin in cancers rather than the chromosomal lesions involved in leukemogenesis.
Identification of monoclonal antibody-binding domains within antigen P1 of Streptococcus mutans and cross-reactivity with related surface antigens of oral streptococci (1991)

Eleven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for P1, the major protein surface antigen of Streptococcus mutans serotype c, were characterized by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis and by radioimmunoassay using whole bacterial cells. The approximate binding domains of the MAbs were determined by using full-length and truncated P1 polypeptides. The accessibility of these binding sites on the surfaces of intact bacteria was determined by radioimmunoassay. The ability of each MAb to cross-react with related proteins from strains of S. mutans serotypes e and f, S. sanguis, and S. sobrinus serotype g is also reported.
Interleukin 1 gene expression in adult T cell leukemia. (1987)

The adult T cell leukemia (ATL)' is a usually fatal T cell malignancy produced by human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection of T3' and T4' lymphocytes (helper/in- ducer phenotype) (1-3). These leukemic T cells are often characterized by the abnormal constitutive expression of mem- brane receptors for interleukin 2 (IL-2) (4, 5). Clinically, this leukemia may present in acute, chronic, or smoldering forms (6). The acute form of this disease, and the development of a leukemic crisis in the other less common forms, is frequently associated with hypercalcemia (6-8), evidence of increased bone turnover or osteolysis. Several investigators have reported that HTLV-I-infected primary leukemic T cells pro- duce osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) or OAF-like sub- stance(s) that promote bone resorption and may contribute to the development of hypercalcemia (8-12). However, this ATL-associated OAF has not been purified and remains poorly characterized. Recently, Dewhirst et al. ( from mitogen and phorbol ester-activated peripheral blood mono- nuclear cells (PBMC) and unexpectedly found that its NH2terminal amino acid sequence was identical to that of inter- leukin Il# (IL-18) (14, 15). This finding, coupled with the rec- ognized ability of IL-1 to induce IL-2 receptor gene expression
Newly Discovered Ebola Virus Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Uganda (2008)

Over the past 30 years, Zaire and Sudan ebolaviruses have been responsible for large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with case fatalities ranging from 53% to 90%, while a third species, Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus, caused a single non-fatal HF case. In November 2007, HF cases were reported in Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda. Laboratory investigation of the initial 29 suspect-case blood specimens by classic methods (antigen capture, IgM and IgG ELISA) and a recently developed random-primed pyrosequencing approach quickly identified this to be an Ebola HF outbreak associated with a newly discovered ebolavirus species (Bundibugyo ebolavirus) distantly related to the Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus found in western Africa. Due to the sequence divergence of this new virus relative to all previously recognized ebolaviruses, these findings have important implications for design of future diagnostic assays to monitor Ebola HF disease in humans and animals, and ongoing efforts to develop effective antivirals and vaccines.
MCF-specific murine monoclonal antibodies made against AKR-247 MCF virus recognize a unique determinant associated with the gp70-p-15(E) complex (1982)

Hybridomas obtained from (NFS X AKR)F mice immunized with syngeneic cells infected with AKR-247 MCF virus produced antibodies specific for only AKR-247 or closely related MCF viruses which hare a previously defined MCF antigen (MCFA-3). These monoclonal antibodies recognized a new type of viral antigenic determinant which appeared to be a conformational determinant associated with the env precursor polyprotein (pr80env) or its disulfide-linked gp70-p15(E) complex (gp80) but not with free gp70 or p15(E) or any other virion or virus-induced protein.
Suprathreshold Intrinsic Dynamics of the Human Visual System (2003)

Intrinsic high-frequency neural activities have been observed in the visual system of several species, but their functional significance for visual perception remains a fundamental puzzle in cognitive neuroscience. Spatiotemporal integration in the human visual system acts as a low-pass filter and makes the psychophysical observation of high-frequency activities very difficult. A computational model of retino-cortical dynamics (RECOD) is used to derive experimental paradigms that allow psychophysical studies of high-frequency neural activities. A reduced-parameter version of the model is used to quantitatively relate psychophysical data collected in two of these experimental paradigms. Statistical analysis shows that the model's account of the variance in the data is, in general, highly significant. We suggest that psychophysically measured oscillations reflect intrinsic neuronal oscillations observed in the visual cortex.
4‐1BB ligand modulates direct and Rituximab‐induced NK‐cell reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2011)

NK cells play an important role in tumor immunosurveillance and largely contribute to the therapeutic success of anti-tumor antibodies like Rituximab. Here, we studied the role of the TNF family member 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) during the interaction of NK cells with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. 4-1BBL was highly expressed on patient B-CLL cells in all 56 investigated cases. Signaling via 4-1BBL following interaction with 4-1BB, which was detected on NK cells of CLL patients but not healthy individuals, led to the release of immunoregulatory cytokines including TNF by CLL cells. CLL patient sera contained elevated levels of TNF and induced 4-1BB upregulation on NK cells, which in turn impaired direct and Rituximab-induced NK-cell reactivity against 4-1BBL-expressing targets. NK-cell reactivity was not only enhanced by blocking the interaction of NK cell-expressed 4-1BB with 4-1BBL expressed by CLL cells, but also by preventing 4-1BB upregulation on NK cells via neutralization of TNF in patient serum with Infliximab. Our data indicate that 4-1BBL mediates NK-cell immunosubversion in CLL, and thus might contribute to the reportedly compromised efficacy of Rituximab to induce NK-cell reactivity in the disease, and that TNF neutralization may serve to enhance the efficacy of Rituximab treatment in CLL.
An efficient parallel algorithm for mesh smoothing (1995)

Automatic mesh generation and adaptive refinement methods have proven to be very successful tools for the efficient solution of complex finite element applications. A problem with these methods is that they can produce poorly shaped elements; such elements are undesirable because they introduce numerical difficulties in the solution process. However, the shape of the elements can be improved through the determination of new geometric locations for mesh vertices by using a mesh smoothing algorithm. In this paper the authors present a new parallel algorithm for mesh smoothing that has a fast parallel runtime both in theory and in practice. The authors present an efficient implementation of the algorithm that uses non-smooth optimization techniques to find the new location of each vertex. Finally, they present experimental results obtained on the IBM SP system demonstrating the efficiency of this approach.
Immunoregulation of the allergic reaction in the respiratory tract. (1996)

The nature of host responsiveness to inhaled antigens is now believed to be a direct reflection of the type of T-cell which dominates specific immunological "memory"; a predominantly Th2-like response potentially leading to allergic reactivity, versus apparent "unresponsiveness" if the memory pool is dominated by Th1 cells. The animal model literature suggests that potentially life-long dominance of immune responses to individual allergens is established at or around the time of first exposure, and involves an antigen-driven T-cell selection process. In humans, this process is likely to occur for most inhalant allergens, during early childhood. The outcome of these initial responses can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the nature and competence of the antigen presenting cells involved, the functional maturity of the CD4+ T-cell population at the time of exposure, and the presence of inflammatory or infectious stimuli at the level of the airway mucosa, which can effect the cellular and/or cytokine milieu within local draining lymph nodes. Recent studies from the animal models additionally indicate that the cytokine products from allergen-responsive major histocompatibility (MHC) class I restricted CD8+ T-cells, and also from allergen-responsive T-cell receptor 1 (TcR1) (gamma/delta) T-cells, play an important role in shaping emerging CD4 T-cell responses, via the creation of an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-rich milieu which selects against Th2 cells. The key finding from these studies is that these regulatory mechanism(s) function optimally in the relatively early stages of immune responses, and are considerably less effective in deviating established (memory) responses. It is argued below that the potential exists for exploitation of this information for the development of novel immunoprophylactic strategies to prevent primary allergic sensitization in humans at a stage when allergen-specific immune responses are theoretically most susceptible to regulation i.e. during early childhood.
Response to Comment on "Detection, Stimulation, and Inhibition of Neuronal Signals with High-Density Nanowire Transistor Arrays" (2009)

Patolsky et al. (Reports, 25 August 2006, p. 1100) used silicon nanowires to record action potentials in rat neuronal axons and found increases in conductance of about 85 nanosiemens. We point out that the data correspond to voltage changes of about -85 millivolts on the nanowire and that conceivable mechanisms of axon-nanowire interaction lead to signals that are opposite in sign or smaller by orders of magnitude.