gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumour necrosis factor‐α drives Alport glomerulosclerosis in mice by promoting podocyte apoptosis (2011)

Chronic renal failure involves the progressive loss of renal parenchymal cells. For example, Alport syndrome develops from mutated type IV collagen that fosters the digestion of glomerular basement membranes and podocyte loss, followed by progressive glomerulosclerosis, ie Alport nephropathy. Here we show that autosomal recessive Alport nephropathy in collagen 4a3-deficient mice is associated with increased intrarenal expression of the pro-apoptotic cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in glomerular cells including podocytes as well as in infiltrating leukocytes. We therefore hypothesized that TNF-α contributes to Alport glomerulosclerosis by inducing podocyte apoptosis. To address this issue, we treated 4-week-old collagen 4a3-deficient mice with either vehicle or the TNF-α antagonist etanercept for a period of 5 weeks. Etanercept treatment prolonged mean survival from 68 to 81 days as compared to vehicle-treated mice. The beneficial effect of etanercept on survival was associated with a significant improvement of the glomerulosclerosis score, proteinuria, and the glomerular filtration rate at 9 weeks of age. Etanercept treatment specifically reduced the numbers of apoptotic podocytes, increased total podocyte counts, and increased the renal mRNA expression of nephrin and podocin without affecting markers of renal inflammation. TNF-α-induced podocyte loss is a previously unrecognized pathological mechanism of Alport glomerulosclerosis, and TNF-α blockade might be a therapeutic option to delay the progression of Alport nephropathy and potentially of other forms of glomerulosclerosis.
Design of Highly Emissive Polymer Dot Bioconjugates for In Vivo Tumor Targeting (2011)

Lighting up brain tumors: Highly fluorescent nanodots that consist of semiconducting polymer blends were attached to the peptide ligand chlorotoxin. The nanodot–chlorotoxin conjugates were specifically targeted to malignant brain tumors in a transgenic mouse model, thus proving their potential as in vivo probes for clinical cancer diagnostics (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage (2013)

Large-scale energy storage represents a key challenge for renewable energy and new systems with low cost, high energy density and long cycle life are desired. In this article, we develop a new lithium/polysulfide (Li/PS) semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage, with lithium polysulfide (Li2S8) in ether solvent as a catholyte and metallic lithium as an anode. Unlike previous work on Li/S batteries with discharge products such as solid state Li2S2 and Li2S, the catholyte is designed to cycle only in the range between sulfur and Li2S4. Consequently all detrimental effects due to the formation and volume expansion of solid Li2S2/Li2S are avoided. This novel strategy results in excellent cycle life and compatibility with flow battery design. The proof-of-concept Li/PS battery could reach a high energy density of 170 W h kg−1 and 190 W h L−1 for large scale storage at the solubility limit, while keeping the advantages of hybrid flow batteries. We demonstrated that, with a 5 M Li2S8 catholyte, energy densities of 97 W h kg−1 and 108 W h L−1 can be achieved. As the lithium surface is well passivated by LiNO3 additive in ether solvent, internal shuttle effect is largely eliminated and thus excellent performance over 2000 cycles is achieved with a constant capacity of 200 mA h g−1. This new system can operate without the expensive ion-selective membrane, and it is attractive for large-scale energy storage.
Cetuximab: an IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing tumours (2004)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an essential role in normal cell growth and differentiation and in the survival of healthy and cancerous cells. EGFR expression is a common feature of non-haematological malignancies and is associated with poor clinical prognosis. Cetuximab is an IgG(1) monoclonal antibody that blocks EGFR activation. It has efficacy alone, and in combination with irinotecan, in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed on irinotecan-containing therapy. It has been approved for use in combination with irinotecan in both Switzerland and the US and as monotherapy in the US. Cetuximab also has efficacy in cancers of the head and neck and non-small cell lung cancer. Cetuximab is well-tolerated and does not exacerbate the side effects of co-administered cytotoxic chemotherapy.
HGF-SF: effects on motility and morphology of normal and tumor cells. (1993)

HGF-SF is a recently discovered cytokine which has both mitogenic and motogenic effects on a wide variety of cells. We used a computerized digital imaging system to measure motility and morphology of isolated cells. In this chapter we will describe the effect of HGF-SF and of other growth factors on the velocity, area, circularity, and flatness of normal and tumor cells. We will then discuss the possible mechanism of HGF-SF induced motility and the possible role of this factor in biological and pathological processes.
Influence of lipid composition on the antitumor activity exerted by doxorubicin-containing liposomes in a rat solid tumor model. (1987)

The effect of changes in lipid composition on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DXR)-containing liposomes was studied in immunoglobulin solid immunocytoma-bearing Lou/M Wsl rats. Rats bearing a tumor with a diameter between 20 and 30 mm were treated i.v. with 2 mg/kg free DXR or different DXR-containing liposome types for 5 consecutive days followed by one injection more at day 11 after start of therapy. A similar pattern of tumor regression was observed for free DXR and DXR entrapped in "fluid" liposome types. However, DXR entrapped in "solid" liposome types expressed an antitumor activity which was significantly delayed; during the first 3 days after start of therapy solid DXR-containing liposomes were less effective in inducing antitumor activity than fluid DXR-containing liposomes. In order to gain more insight into the mode of action of DXR-containing liposomes, one of the solid liposome types [composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol (chol)] was compared with one of the fluid liposome types [composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and chol] with respect to distribution and integrity in vivo. Results obtained after i.v. administration of [3H]inulin-labeled vesicles to tumor-bearing animals suggested that a differential liposome uptake by the tumor was not relevant for the explanation of the delayed antitumor effect. To monitor the structural integrity of liposomes after i.v. injection, the liposomes were double radiolabeled with [3H]inulin as a marker of the aqueous phase and cholesteryl [14C]oleate as a marker of the lipid phase. The bilayer structure of both liposome types remained intact during their presence in the blood compartment. Intact liposomes were taken up primarily by liver and spleen with subsequent degradation of the liposome structure. The degradation rate appeared to be dependent on the lipid composition of the liposomal membranes; phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine/chol liposomes were degraded much faster than distearoylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol/chol liposomes. The difference in degradation rate was manifested more clearly in the spleen than in the liver. In vitro investigations on uptake and processing of liposomes by liver macrophages indicated that the difference in degradation rate between liver and spleen was caused by intrahepatic reutilization of [14C]oleate liberated from the liposome structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In-Plane Switching of Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Transmission Gratings (2008)

Electric field-induced reorientation of liquid crystal droplets in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission gratings was investigated. In-plane reorientation of the droplet directors was attained by the use of interdigitated ITO electrodes. Samples with different angles between the directions of the grating vector and the electrodes were analyzed. The results show that intrinsic alignment of the droplets induced by the structural field is similar to the alignment induced by an external field of 6E7 V/m, i.e., the droplet directors are strongly trapped along the direction of the grating vector.
Variation in human T cell receptor Vβ and Jβ repertoire: analysis using anchor polymerase chain reaction (1992)

Anchor polymerase chain reaction has been applied to the study of human T cell receptor beta chain repertoire in peripheral blood. The use of this technique has demonstrated that considerable variation in V beta and J beta usage exists, both within and between individuals. Particular V beta families, including V beta 6, V beta 4 and V beta 12 are commonly utilized, while families such as V beta 10, V beta 11 and V beta 15 are rare in all individuals studied. Marked interindividual variation in V beta usage was detected for V beta 12 and V beta 4. Biased usage of J beta elements is a prominent feature of peripheral repertoire, while there is no evidence for preferential V beta-J beta recombination events. Biased J beta usage in expressed V beta-D beta-J beta-C beta transcripts, subject to selection, was the same as that in aberrant, unselected D beta-J beta-C beta transcripts, implying that bias resulted from events relating to rearrangement itself, in the absence of selection. N-region diversity showed some evidence for preferential insertion of deoxyguanosine, consistent with the action of terminal deoxytransferase. No P-nucleotide incorporation was seen in association with intact J beta elements. These data provide evidence of some of the variation in human T cell receptor beta chain repertoire and provide a basis for comparisons with sequences which may be obtained in autoimmune and superantigen-mediated diseases.
Pathologic Basis of Disease. (1980)

Pathologic basis of disease , Pathologic basis of disease , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
A heterodimeric DNA polymerase: Evidence that members of Euryarchaeota possess a distinct DNA polymerase (1998)

We describe here a DNA polymerase family highly conserved in Euryarchaeota, a subdomain of Archaea. The DNA polymerase is composed of two proteins, DP1 and DP2. Sequence analysis showed that considerable similarity exists between DP1 and the second subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta, a protein essential for the propagation of Eukarya, and that DP2 has conserved motifs found in proteins with nucleotide-polymerizing activity. These results, together with our previous biochemical analyses of one of the members, DNA polymerase II (DP1 + DP2) from Pyrococcus furiosus, implicate the DNA polymerases of this family in the DNA replication process of Euryarchaeota. The discovery of this DNA-polymerase family, aside from providing an opportunity to enhance our knowledge of the evolution of DNA polymerases, is a significant step toward the complete understanding of DNA replication across the three domains of life.
Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Irradiated KCl Crystals ContainingU-Centers (1956)

The effects of ultraviolet irradiation of KCl---KH and KCl---KD single crystals at 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been investigated using paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption techniques. KCl---KH crystals irradiated at 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been found to exhibit, along with the usual $F$-center spin resonance, a resonance doublet with a splitting of 500\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 gauss and a line width of 68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 gauss; the doublet is presumed to be due to hydrogen atoms in the crystal. This conclusion is substantiated by the fact that KCl---KD crystals, after a similar irradiation, exhibit a resonance triplet with a separation of outer components of 156\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 gauss. Further results lead to the following conclusions: (1) that the hydrogen atoms produced by irradiation are located in interstitial positions in the lattice, (2) that these interstitial hydrogen atoms give rise to an optical absorption band (${U}_{2}$-band) located at 236 m\ensuremath{\mu}, (3) that a broad optical absorption band (${U}_{1}$-band) extending to the long wavelength side of the $U$-band is due to interstitial hydride ions.
Successful treatment of severe intra‐abdominal bleeding associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation using recombinant activated factor VII (2001)

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is indicated mainly for the treatment of patients with haemophilia and inhibitors. However, little information is available on the use of rFVIIa in the treatment of the severe bleeding associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We report a pregnant woman with DIC, who developed severe intra-abdominal bleeding after caesarean section. Despite treatment with fresh-frozen plasma, fibrinogen, platelet transfusions and surgery, the abdominal bleeding persisted and intravenous treatment with rFVIIa was initiated. The response to treatment was rapid, with control of the bleeding and resolution of the coagulopathy. No side-effects related to rFVIIa were noted. This case suggests a potential role for rFVIIa in the treatment of severe and refractory bleeding associated with DIC.
Characteristics of bulk InGaAsN and InGaAsSbN material grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for solar cell application (2012)

Bulk, lattice-matched InGaAsSbN material has been grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for applications in concentrated multi-junction solar cells. By optimizing the growth conditions for high Sb and As partial pressures, we achieved background hole concentrations as low as 2 x 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. After thermal annealing, the background hole concentration increased from 2x10<sup>18</sup> to 2 x 1019 cm<sup>-3</sup>, although PL intensity increased by a factor of 7. We recently grew single junction (1eV) solar cells incorporating dilute-nitride materials and devices were fabricated and characterized for solar cell application. Performance characteristics of these cells without anti-reflection coating included the efficiency of 4.25% under the AM1.5 (air mass) direct illumination, V<sub>oc</sub> of 0.7 V, and a spectral response extended to longer wavelength compared with GaAs cells.
Dual gRNAs guided CRISPR/Cas9 system inhibits hepatitis B virus replication (2015)

These results suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 system could efficiently destroy HBV expressing templates (genotypes A-D) without apparent cytotoxicity. It may be a potential approach for eradication of persistent HBV cccDNA in chronic HBV infection patients.
[Design and development of controlled release of drugs from injectable microcapsules]. (1998)

Monolithic microcapsules were designed and developed for controlled release of leuprorelin for one month following a single injection. Copoly (DL-lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA) of copolymer ratio of 75/25 and average molecular weight of 14,000 was suitable for achieving steady serum leuprorelin levels in rats and dogs for 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy of these injectable microcapsules of leuprorelin has been widely proved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and other sex hormone dependent diseases in about sixty countries. The interaction between the basic functional group of the drug and the carboxylic end group of PLGA was found to be the most important factor in preparing the microcapsules with a small initial burst, as shown with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a water-soluble GPIIb/IIIa antagonist (TAK-029).
Use of a Laser-equipped Centrifugal Analyzer for Kinetic Measurement of Serum IgG (1974)

Abstract Use of a visible laser in an Aminco "Rotochem" centrifugal analyzer enables light-scattering measurements to be made with this instrument. The modification is technically simple, inexpensive, and requires no fundamental changes in basic instrument design. The laser-modified analyzer has been applied to the measurement of IgG in serum. A two-point kinetic analysis is used to quantitate IgG from a standard curve: protein concentration vs. change in intensity of the scattered light during a fixed time interval. Fourteen 20-µl samples can be simultaneously determined in 1.9 min. No sample blank corrections are required. Within-run precision studies, based in each case on 56 replicate measurements, yielded coefficients of variation of 3.8% and 4.8% for normal and abnormal pools, respectively.
Fast and selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or to carboxylic acids and of secondary alcohols to ketones mediated by oxoammonium salts under two-phase conditions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast and selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or to carboxylic acids and of secondary alcohols to ketones mediated by oxoammonium salts under two-phase conditionsPier Lucio Anelli, Carlo Biffi, Fernando Montanari, and Silvio QuiciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 12, 2559–2562Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00388a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00388a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14918Altmetric-Citations691LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of two-photon absorption on third-order nonlinear optical processes as studied by degenerate four-wave mixing: The study of soluble didecyloxy substituted polyphenyls (1991)

We have investigated the influence of two-photon absorption on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of model organic molecules using the technique of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). A theoretical formulation developed here shows that the presence of two-photon absorption, which is related to the imaginary part of the third-order susceptibility χ(3), leads to an enhancement of the effective third-order nonlinearity and to the appearance of effects caused by the formation of two-photon generated excited states. The dynamic behavior of the nonlinearity is then governed by the properties of excited molecules. The nonlinear effects also involve contributions which depend on the fifth power of the electric field. We have performed a systematic study of third-order nonlinear optical properties of alkoxy (–C10H21OCH) substituted p-polyphenyl oligomers using the technique of time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing with subpicosecond pulses at 602 nm. Experimentally determined values of the second-order hyperpolarizability γ for the oligomers increase smoothly from the monomer to the trimer, with a more rapid increase to the pentamer and to the heptamer. In addition, the hyperpolarizabilities for the pentamer and the heptamer appear to be complex. A smooth increase of the γ value is expected from an increase of the π conjugation from a shorter chain oligomer to a longer chain oligomer. The more rapid increase of the γ value in the pentamer, and especially in the heptamer, however, cannot be explained satisfactorily by only taking into account the π-conjugation length. Two-photon absorption for the pentamer and the heptamer at the measurement wavelength of 602 nm is suggested to be important as the observed dynamic behavior is satisfactorily explained by the predictions of the theoretical model presented here. It is shown that the effective γ value for a two-photon absorbing material is a function of optical intensity, pulse width, and sample length if one uses the conventional degenerate four-wave mixing description.
Transformation of Maize Cells and Regeneration of Fertile Transgenic Plants. (1990)

A reproducible system for the generation of fertile, transgenic maize plants has been developed. Cells from embryogenic maize suspension cultures were transformed with the bacterial gene bar using microprojectile bombardment. Transformed calli were selected from the suspension cultures using the herbicide bialaphos. Integration of bar and activity of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoded by bar were confirmed in all bialaphos-resistant callus lines. Fertile transformed maize plants (R0) were regenerated, and of 53 progeny (R1) tested, 29 had PAT activity. All PAT-positive progeny analyzed contained bar. Localized application of herbicide to leaves of bar-transformed R0 and R1 plants resulted in no necrosis, confirming functional activity of PAT in the transgenic plants. Cotransformation experiments were performed using a mixture of two plasmids, one encoding PAT and one containing the nonselected gene encoding [beta]-glucuronidase. R0 plants regenerated from co-transformed callus expressed both genes. These results describe and confirm the development of a system for introduction of DNA into maize.
A BATCH FABRICATED RUBIDIUM-VAPOR RESONANCE CELL FOR CHIP-SCALE ATOMIC CLOCKS (2004)

We present a batch-fabrication process for Rubidium 87 (Rb 87 ) vapor cells appropriate for chip-scale atomic clocks. The Rb 87 cells are fabricated by anodic bonding of glass to bulk micromachined cavities in silicon, enabling batch production of hundreds of cells per (four-inch) wafer. We describe a method to enable parallel filling of the sealed cavities with Rb 87 . We present a novel method by which the cells containing Rb 87 are wax-sealed to produce individual Rb 87 cells after dicing. For the fabricated Rb 87 cells, we measured a hyperfine interaction linewidth of 956.8 Hz at the center frequency of 6.84 GHz, realizing a quality factor of 7.14 X 10 6 .
Synthesis of 4‐[18F]fluoroiodobenzene and its application in sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions (2003)

Abstract The first application of a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction in 18 F chemistry has been developed. The reaction was exemplified by the cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes (ethynylcyclopentyl carbinol 6 , 17α‐ethynyl‐3,17β‐estradiol 7 and 17α‐ethynyl‐3‐methoxy‐3,17β‐estradiol 8 ) with 4‐[ 18 F]fluoroiodobenzene. 4,4′‐Diiododiaryliodonium salts were used as precursors for the synthesis of 4‐[ 18 F]fluoroiodobenzene, enabling the convenient access to 4‐[ 18 F]fluoroiodobenzene in 13–70% yield using conventional heating or microwave activation. The Sonogashira cross‐coupling of 4‐[ 18 F]fluoroiodobenzene with terminal alkynes gave the corresponding 4‐[ 18 F]fluorophenylethynyl‐substituted compounds [ 18 F]‐9 , [ 18 F]‐10 and [ 18 F]‐13 in yields up to 88% within 20 min of starting from 4‐[ 18 F]fluoroiodobenzene. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.