gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extensible file systems in spring (1993)

In this paper we describe an architecture for extensible file systems. The architecture enables the extension of file system functionality by composing (or stacking) new file systems on top of existing file systems. A file system that is stacked on top of an existing file system can access the existing file system's files via a well-defined naming interface and can share the same underlying file data in a coherent manner. We describe extending file systems in the context of the Spring operating system. Composing file systems in Spring is facilitated by basic Spring features such as its virtual memory architecture, its strongly-typed well-defined interfaces, its location-independent object invocation mechanism, and its flexible naming architecture. File systems in Spring can reside in the kernel, in user-mode, or on remote machines, and composing them can be done in a very flexible manner.
Further Studies on Extracellular Glucans Synthesized by Glucosyltransferases of Oral Streptococci (1976)

Seven water-insoluble glucans were prepared enzymatically as described previously. In addition, glucan from Streptococcus mutans strain LM7 (serotype Lancefield Group E) was synthesized. Glucans were hydrolyzed with dextranase, mutanase and mutanase plus dextranase (1:1) until no further degradation occurred (100–150 h). Hydrolysis was measured by two methods: (1) as percent glucan solubilized based on total carbohydrate remaining in the supernatant after centrifugation, and (2) as percent reducing groups released. In all cases except glucan OMZ176, the percent carbohydrate solubilized by mutanase was greater than the percent reducing groups released. It is not necessary to hydrolyze completely a glucan in order to solubilize it. Comparison of solubilization by dextranase versus mutanase indicated that some glucans were solubilized more by dextranase, others by mutanase and some about the same. The combined hydrolytic action of the two enzymes was more effective and solubilization was more rapid than either enzyme acting separately. On some glucans their action was synergistic, the glucans were solubilized from 60 to 95%. Physical properties, such as specific rotation, intrinsic viscosity and infrared spectrum of the glucans was determined. A high specific rotation, low intrinsic viscosity and high ratio of free reducing end groups to total carbohydrate corresponded to a high degree of glucan branching. An absorption peak specific for α-1,3 linkage was found at 822 cm-1. Differences between glucans in susceptibility to hydrolysis, specific rotation, infrared spectra, intrinsic viscosity and reducing end groups reflect structural differences. These findings emphasize the heterogeneity of glucans that can be encountered in dental plaque.
Seismic imaging˸ strategies for visco-acoustic full waveform inversion (2019)

L’atténuation sismique est un paramètre physique très utile pour décrire et imager les propriétés du sous-sol, et tout particulièrement les roches saturées et les nuages de gaz. Les approches classiques analysent l’amplitude du spectre des données ou bien la distorsion de ce spectre, avec des méthodes asymptotiques. L’inversion des formes d’onde (Full Waveform Inversion en anglais, FWI) est une approche alternative qui prend en compte les aspects de fréquences finies. En pratique, à la fois les vitesses et l’atténuation doivent être déterminées. Il est connu que l’inversion multi-paramètre ne conduit pas à un résultat unique.Ce travail se focalise sur la détermination des vitesses et de l’atténuation. La dispersion liée à l’atténuation produit des modèles de vitesse équivalents en termes de cinématique. Je propose une inversion hybride : la « relation cinématique » est un moyen de guider l’inversion des formes d’onde non-linéaire. Elle se décompose en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, l’information cinématique est remise à jour, et ensuite les vitesses et l’atténuation sont modifiées, pour une cinématique donnée. Différentes approches sont proposées et discutées au travers d’applications sur des données synthétiques 2D, en particulier sur les modèles Midlle-East et Marmousi.
Data detection algorithms specially designed for the downlink of CDMA mobile radio systems (2002)

In this paper, suboptimum data detection algorithms specially designed for the downlink of CDMA systems are presented which take into account the downlink-specific system characteristics. These algorithms are based on the zero forcing (ZF) criterion and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, respectively. Basically, they consist of a channel equalizer followed by a code-matched filter. They allow to exploit the multipath diversity of the mobile radio channel. Only the CDMA code used for transmission to the mobile station of interest is needed at the receiver and only the data symbols addressed to that individual mobile station are detected. The computational complexity is independent of the number of active users, which allows to provide mobile terminals of small size and weight with low power consumption. The algorithms are applied to the downlink of a TDMA/CDMA system concept. The algorithms specially designed for the downlink situation lead to a significant system performance enhancement as compared with the conventional matched filter or Rake receiver and to a slightly worse system performance than ZF- and MMSE-based joint detection algorithms which are applicable also in the uplink and which require that all CDMA codes presently used for transmission to the active mobile stations are known at each of these mobile stations.
A leucine‐rich repeat peptide derived from the Drosophila Toll receptor forms extended filaments with a β‐sheet structure (1991)

Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) are 22-28 amino acid-long sequence motifs found in a family of cytoplasmic, membrane and extracellular proteins. There is evidence that LRRs function in signal transduction, cellular adhesion and protein-protein interactions. Here we report unusual properties of a synthetic LRR peptide derived from the sequence of the Drosophila membrane receptor Toll. In neutral solution the peptide forms a gel revealed by electron microscopy to consist of extended filaments approximately 8 nm in thickness. As the gel forms, the circular dichroism spectrum of the peptide solution changes from one characteristic of random coil to one associated with beta-sheet structures. Molecular modelling suggests that the peptide form an amphipathic structure with a predominantly apolar and charged surface. Based on these results, models for the gross structure of the peptides filaments and a possible molecular mechanism for cellular adhesion are proposed.
Monitoring protein–protein interactions in intact eukaryotic cells by β-galactosidase complementation (1997)

We present an approach for monitoring protein-protein interactions within intact eukaryotic cells, which should increase our understanding of the regulatory circuitry that controls the proliferation and differentiation of cells and how these processes go awry in disease states such as cancer. Chimeric proteins composed of proteins of interest fused to complementing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) deletion mutants permit a novel analysis of protein complexes within cells. In this approach, the beta-gal activity resulting from the forced interaction of nonfunctional weakly complementing beta-gal peptides (Deltaalpha and Deltaomega) serves as a measure of the extent of interaction of the non-beta-gal portions of the chimeras. To test this application of lacZ intracistronic complementation, proteins that form a complex in the presence of rapamycin were used. These proteins, FRAP and FKBP12, were synthesized as fusion proteins with Deltaalpha and Deltaomega, respectively. Enzymatic beta-gal activity served to monitor the formation of the rapamycin-induced chimeric FRAP/FKBP12 protein complex in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as assessed by histochemical, biochemical, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting assays. This approach may prove to be a valuable adjunct to in vitro immunoprecipitation and crosslinking methods and in vivo yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence energy transfer systems. It may also allow a direct assessment of specific protein dimerization interactions in a biologically relevant context, localized in the cell compartments in which they occur, and in the milieu of competing proteins.
High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with Spray‐Coated Hole‐Transport and Active Layers (2010)

Abstract In this study, we report high performance organic solar cells with spray coated hole‐transport and active layers. With optimized ink formulations we are able to deposit films with controlled thickness and very low surface roughness (&lt;10 nm). Specifically we deposit smooth and uniform 40 nm thick films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as well as films composed of a mixture of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and the C 60 ‐derivative (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with thicknesses in the range 200–250 nm. To control film morphology, formation and thickness, the optimized inks incorporate two solvent systems in order to take advantage of surface tension gradients to create Marangoni flows that enhance the coverage of the substrate and reduce the roughness of the film. Notably, we achieve fill factors above 70% and attribute the improvement to an enhanced P3HT crystallization, which upon optimized post‐drying thermal annealing results in a favorable morphology. As a result, we could extend the thickness of the layer to several hundreds of nanometers without noticing a substantial decrease of the transport properties of the layer. By proper understanding of the spreading and drying dynamics of the inks we achieve spray coated devices with power conversion efficiency of 3.75%, with fill factor, short circuit current and open circuit voltage of 70%, 9.8 mA cm −2 and 550 mV, respectively.
Entacapone enhances the response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations (1998)

Long-term entacapone treatment effectively prolonged the beneficial response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with the wearing-off phenomenon. The improvement occurred irrespective of the reduction of the levodopa dose.
On Profiling Mobility and Predicting Locations of Campus-Wide Wireless Network Users (2005)

Abstract — In this paper, we analyze a year long wireless network users ’ mobility trace data collected on ETH Zurich campus. Unlike earlier work in [9], [21], [35], we profile the movement pattern of wireless users and predict their locations. More specifically, we show that each network user regularly visits a list of places, such as a building (also referred to as “hubs”) with some probability. The daily list of hubs, along with their corresponding visit probabilities, are referred to as a mobility profile. We also show that over a period of time (e.g., a week), a user may repeatedly follow a mixture of mobility profiles with certain probabilities associated with each of the profiles. Our analysis of the mobility trace data not only validate the existence of our so-called sociological orbits [13], but also demonstrate the advantages of exploiting it in performing hub-level location predictions. Moreover, such profile based location predictions are found not only to be more precise than a common statistical approach based on observed hub visitation frequencies, but also shown to incur a much lower overhead. We further illustrate the benefit of profiling users ’ mobility by discussing relevant work and suggesting applications in different types of wireless networks, including mobile ad hoc networks. Index Terms — WLAN mobility trace analysis, Sociological orbits, Mobility profiles, Location prediction, Mobile wireless networks
Employing vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vasodilatory shock as a lifesaving vasopressor (2001)

Epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is being discussed controversially due to its beta-receptor mediated adverse effects such as increased myocardial oxygen consumption, ventricular arrhythmias, ventilation-perfusion defect, postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac failure. In the CPR laboratory simulating adult pigs with ventricular fibrillation or postcountershock pulseless electrical activity, vasopressin improved vital organ blood flow, cerebral oxygen delivery, resuscitability, and neurological recovery better than did epinephrine. In paediatric preparations with asphyxia, epinephrine was superior to vasopressin, whereas in both paediatric pigs with ventricular fibrillation, and adult porcine models with asphyxia, combinations of vasopressin and epinephrine proved to be highly effective. This may suggest that a different efficiency of vasopressors in paediatric vs. adult preparations; and different effects of dysrhythmic vs. asphyxial cardiac arrest on vasopressor efficiency may be of significant importance. Whether these theories can be extrapolated to humans is unknown at this point in time. In patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, a larger proportion of patients treated with vasopressin survived 24 h compared with patients treated with epinephrine; during in-hospital CPR, comparable short-term survival was found in groups treated with either vasopressin or epinephrine. Currently, a large trial of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients being treated with vasopressin vs. epinephrine is ongoing in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The new CPR guidelines of both the American Heart Association, and European Resuscitation Council recommend 40 U vasopressin intravenously, and 1 mg epinephrine intravenously as equally effective for the treatment of adult patients in ventricular fibrillation; however, no recommendation for vasopressin was made to date for adult patients with asystole and pulseless electrical activity, and paediatrics due to lack of clinical data. When adrenergic vasopressors were unable to maintain arterial blood pressure in patients with vasodilatory shock, continuous infusions of vasopressin ( approximately 0.04 to approximately 0.1 U/min) stabilised cardiocirculatory parameters, and even ensured weaning from catecholamines.
Use of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis in predictive toxicology: Identification of potential early protein biomarkers in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis (2005)

Abstract Our current approach focused on the identification of potential early protein biomarker signatures which are indicative of the carcinogenic processes in rats exposed to 20 mg/kg of the liver carcinogen N ‐nitrosomorpholine (NNM). Treated liver was investigated at different timepoints. Therefore, proteins were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis as a first step prior to identification of differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis of liver samples after one day of exposure revealed significant upregulation of proteins involved in response to cellular stress induced by NNM (superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 60, peroxiredoxin). Eighteen weeks after withdrawal of NNM, we were able to identify cancer‐related proteins in rat liver bearing malignant, transformed cells (caspase‐8 precursor, vimentin, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor). Some of these proteins were already deregulated after three weeks of exposure indicating their potential usefulness as early predictive biomarkers for liver carcinogenicity (annexin A5, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase). As regulatory toxicology approaches usually include the investigation of carcinogenicity in two‐years studies in rodents, especially the detection of early protein biomarker signatures which precede the appearance of neoplasia, demonstrates the high potential of proteomics approaches to substantially reduce the time and costs of carcinogenicity testing.
Gangliosides as Modulators of Dendritogenesis in Normal and Storage Disease-affected Pyramidal Neurons (2000)

Pyramidal cells initiate the formation of dendritic arbors in a prolific burst of neurite outgrowth during early cortical development. Although morphologically mature pyramidal neurons do not normally sprout additional primary dendrites, the discovery of ectopic dendritogenesis in neuronal storage diseases has revealed that these cells do retain this ability under appropriate stimulation. The capacity for renewal of dendritogenesis has been found to exhibit a species gradient with human > cat, dog, sheep > mouse. A consistent metabolic feature of ectopic dendrite-bearing pyramidal neurons is a heightened intracellular expression of GM2 ganglioside. Elevated expression of this same glycosphingolipid has also been found to correlate with normal dendritogenesis. Immature neurons in developing cat and ferret cortex exhibit high levels of GM2 ganglioside immunoreactivity coincident with normal dendritic sprouting and a similar relationship has now been shown for human cortical development. Ultrastructural studies of all three species revealed GM2 localized to vesicles in a manner consistent with Golgi synthesis and exocytic trafficking to the somatic-dendritic plasmalemma. We propose that GM2 ganglioside functions in glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (lipid rafts) in the plasmalemma to promote dendritic initiation through modulation of specific membrane proteins and/or their associated second messenger cascades.
T cell-independent antibody-mediated clearance of polyoma virus in T cell-deficient mice. (1996)

Polyomavirus (PyV) infection of SCID mice, which lack functional T and B cells, leads to a lethal acute myeloproliferative disease (AMD) and to high levels of virus replication in several organs by two wk after infection. This is in contrast to infection of T cell-deficient athymic nude mice, which are resistant to acute PyV-induced disease and poorly replicate the virus in their organs. This major difference in the virus load and in the outcome of PyV infection between SCID and nude mice suggested that an efficient, T cell-independent antiviral mechanism operates in T cell-deficient, PyV infected mice. To investigate this possibility, mice with different genetically engineered T and/or B cell deficiencies and SCID mice adoptively reconstituted with B and/or T cells were infected with PyV. The results indicated that the presence of B cells in the absence of T cells protected mice from the AMD, and this was accompanied by a major reduction of PyV in all organs tested. Sera from PyV-infected T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta knockout or TCR alpha beta gamma delta knockout mice contained IgG2a antibodies to PyV. Sera or purified immunoglobulin fractions from PyV-infected TCR alpha beta knockout mice protected SCID mice from the PyV-induced AMD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an effective T cell-independent antibody response clearing a virus and changing the outcome of infection from 100% mortality to 100% survival.
Nasal administration of compounds active in the central nervous system : Exploring the olfactory system (2000)

The nasal administration of drugs offers advantages over administration by intravenous injection. Drugs can be rapidly absorbed through the nasal mucosa, resulting in a rapid onset of action, and also avoiding degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver. The olfactory receptor cells, which are in direct contact with both the environment and the central nervous system (CNS), are potential routes for drugs into the CNS. The olfactory pathway thus circumvents the blood brain barrier (BBB) which prevents many systemically administered drugs from entering the brain. The studies used compounds active in the CNS and the experiments were performed in rodents. The nasal bioavailability of (S)-UH-301, NXX-066 and [3H]-dopamine was investigated in a rat model; uptake into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was compared after nasal and intravenous administration. The concentrations of S-UH-301 and NXX-066 in plasma and CSF were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. The possible transfer of dopamine and neurotensin along the olfactory pathway after nasal administration to mice was studied using brain tissue sampling and autoradiography. The radioactivity content in blood, CSF and dissected brain tissue samples after administration of [3H]-dopamine and [3H]-neurotensin was assessed using liquid scintillation, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to investigate the metabolic fate of [3H]-dopamine. The results of this thesis suggest that nasal administration of CNS-active compounds with low oral bioavailability is an interesting and workable alternative to intravenous injection. The small lipophilic compounds (S)-UH-301 and NXX-066 were rapidly and completely absorbed after nasal administration, although hard evidence of direct transfer from the nose remains elusive. Radioactivity measurements in the olfactory bulb following nasal administration of [3H]-dopamine and [3H]-neurotensin indicate that transfer occurred. The TLC results showed the presence of unchanged dopamine in the olfactory bulb but it is less clear from initial results with neurotensin, which radioactive products of this molecule reached the olfactory bulb, and further studies are required.
Age-dependent phenotypic characteristics of a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. (2008)

The triple-transgenic mouse line (3 x Tg-AD) harboring PS1M146V, APPSwe, and taup301L transgenes represents the only transgenic model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to date capturing both beta-amyloid and tau neuropathology. The present study provides an extensive behavioral characterization of the 3 x Tg-AD mouse line, evaluating the emergence of noncognitive and cognitive AD-like symptoms at two ages corresponding to the early (6-7 months) and advanced (12-13 months) stages of AD-pathology. Enhanced responsiveness to aversive stimulation was detected in mutant mice at both ages: the 3 x Tg-AD genotype enhanced acoustic startle response and facilitated performance in the cued-version of the water maze. These noncognitive phenotypes were accompanied by hyperactivity and reduced locomotor habituation in the open field at the older age. Signs of cognitive aberrations were also detected at both ages, but they were limited to associative learning. The present study suggests that this popular transgenic mouse model of AD has clear phenotypes beyond the cognitive domain, and their potential relationship to the cognitive phenotypes should be further explored.
PDMS-based micro PCR chip with Parylene coating (2003)

We have developed a microchip for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PDMS has good characteristics: it is cheap, transparent, easy to fabricate and biocompatible. But in micro PCR, the porosity of PDMS causes several critical problems such as bubble formation, sample evaporation and protein adsorption. To solve those problems, we coated the micro PCR chips with Parylene film, which has low permeability to moisture and long-term stability. We investigated the influence of low thermal conductivity of PDMS and Parylene on the thermal characteristics of the PCR chips with numerical analysis. The thermal responses of micro PCR chips were compared for three materials: silicon, glass and PDMS. From the results, we identified appropriate thermal responses of the PDMS-based micro PCR chips by heating both the top and bottom sides. We could successfully amplify the angiotensin converting enzyme gene with as small a volume as 2 μl on the PDMS-based micro PCR chips without any additives.