gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle kinetic studies in human cancers. Development of three DNA-specific labels in three decades. (1991)

Controversy has epitomized the prognostic and clinical significance accorded to cell cycle kinetic studies in neoplastic diseases. Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies to thymidine analogues such as iododeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine has unveiled a spectacular new area of research. Large numbers of patients with liquid and solid tumors have been interrogated by introducing iododeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine as DNA-specific probes in vivo. Further in vitro incubation of S-phase cells already double-labeled in vivo with tritiated thymidine has added a whole new dimension to the kinds of questions that can now be addressed with alacrity. Time is rapidly approaching when this information will be available in a prompt enough fashion to be useful for planning therapeutic strategies. Reviewed are the salient features of the rapid progress achieved in the last decade in this exciting discipline.
41.3: Invited Paper: LED Backlighting Concepts with High Flux LEDs (2004)

Abstract An overview is presented of three concepts for LCD Backlighting based on high flux, high power LEDs. The trade‐offs for the different concepts for different applications are discussed. Several recent results are presented as well. For the concepts using Red, Green and Blue (RGB) LEDs calculations are presented that address the comparison of RGB LED Backlighting with CCFL Backlighting and quantifies the trade‐off between colour filter (CF) transmission and colour gamut for both types of light source. It is concluded that RGB LED based backlighting gives typically 30% more NTSC coverage for the same CF transmission or alternatively 32–40% higher CF transmission for the same colour gamut. For side‐emitting LEDs calculations are presented that clarify how to optimize uncoupling of the light into a light guide. For the Luxeon‐Direct concept [2] new experimental results are presented for a 23 inch backlight based on two RGB light sources. The results show the dependence of the brightness profile on the spacing between the two light sources and indicate how this design parameter can be used for optimizing the performance in an actual backlight design. For the same concept new results on color uniformity as a function of LED to LED pitch are discussed.
Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies (1974)

The complex dielectric constant of four soils, including a sand, a silt, and two clays, was measured over the frequency range from 0.1 × 109 Hz to 26 × 109 Hz. The water content of the soils was varied from 0.0 g H2O/g soil to 0.15 g H2O/g soil, and the temperature from 24°C to 20°C. The dielectric relaxation spectrum of water in soils was found to be displaced to lower frequencies than the dielectric relaxation spectrum of water in bulk. The results showed that the relation between volumetric water content and the complex dielectric constant is relatively independent of soil type. At temperatures above freezing the complex dielectric constant of water in soils, at the water contents investigated, decreases with temperature, a type of behavior normally found only in solids. Below the freezing point the phase composition of water in soils determines the temperature dependence of the complex dielectric constant.
Epidemiology of Vasopressin Use for Adults with Septic Shock (2016)

Approximately one-fifth of patients with septic shock received vasopressin, but rarely as a single vasopressor. The use of vasopressin has increased over time. The likelihood of receiving vasopressin was strongly associated with the specific hospital to which each patient was admitted.
Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system (1997)

The human intrinsic cardiac nervous system is distributed more extensively than was considered previously, most of its ganglia being located on the posterior surfaces of the atria and superior aspect of the ventricles. Each ganglion therein contains a variety of neurons that are associated with complex synaptology.
[Vitamins and apoptosis--induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells by nicotinic acid-related compounds]. (1999)

It was found that picolinic acid, dipicolinic acid, and isonicotinamide strongly induce apoptosis in human acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells, HL-60. Cinchomeronic acid, quinolinic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, 6-aminonicotinamide, and picolinamide were weak inducers of the apoptosis. After treatments with picolinic acid, dipicolinic acid, and isonicotinamide, apoptosis started within 4 hr and it was induced in about 50% of the cells within 8 hr. These compounds also induced apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, K562 and human cervical carcinoma cells, HeLa. However, apoptosis was not induced by these three compounds in quiescent normal human lymphocytes. A wide spectrum caspase inhibitor perfectly prevented DNA fragmentation induced by these compounds. But, caspase-1 inhibitor and caspase-3 inhibitor did not block DNA fragmentation.
Unsaturated Nitriles:  Optimized Coupling of the Chloroprene Grignard Reagent1 with ω-Bromonitriles (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTUnsaturated Nitriles: Optimized Coupling of the Chloroprene Grignard Reagent1 with ω-BromonitrilesFraser F. Fleming and Tao JiangView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 22, 7890–7891Publication Date (Web):October 31, 1997Publication History Received9 July 1997Published online31 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9712409https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9712409brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Electrophiles,Nitrogen compounds,Organic reactions,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Functional Antibodies to the O-Acetylated Pneumococcal Serotype 15B Capsular Polysaccharide Have Low Cross-Reactivities with Serotype 15C (2007)

The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (Ps) vaccine offer protection against vaccine serotypes, but its cross-protection against vaccine-related serotypes is variable. We have demonstrated that the functional antibodies to serotype 15B are specific to the O-acetylated 15B-Ps and that they have low cross-reactivity with serotype 15C. Demonstration of functionally cross-reactive antibodies to vaccine-related serotypes is important for surveillance and vaccine development.
Combined treatment by pentoxifylline and tocopherol for recipient women with a thin endometrium enrolled in an oocyte donation programme (2002)

Treatment by combination of PTX and vitamin E appears to improve the pregnancy rate in patients with a thin endometrium by increasing the endometrial thickness and improving ovarian function. This was especially noticeable in patients who had previously received total body irradiation.
A biodegradable and biocompatible gecko-inspired tissue adhesive (2008)

There is a significant medical need for tough biodegradable polymer adhesives that can adapt to or recover from various mechanical deformations while remaining strongly attached to the underlying tissue. We approached this problem by using a polymer poly(glycerol-co-sebacate acrylate) and modifying the surface to mimic the nanotopography of gecko feet, which allows attachment to vertical surfaces. Translation of existing gecko-inspired adhesives for medical applications is complex, as multiple parameters must be optimized, including: biocompatibility, biodegradation, strong adhesive tissue bonding, as well as compliance and conformability to tissue surfaces. Ideally these adhesives would also have the ability to deliver drugs or growth factors to promote healing. As a first demonstration, we have created a gecko-inspired tissue adhesive from a biocompatible and biodegradable elastomer combined with a thin tissue-reactive biocompatible surface coating. Tissue adhesion was optimized by varying dimensions of the nanoscale pillars, including the ratio of tip diameter to pitch and the ratio of tip diameter to base diameter. Coating these nanomolded pillars of biodegradable elastomers with a thin layer of oxidized dextran significantly increased the interfacial adhesion strength on porcine intestine tissue in vitro and in the rat abdominal subfascial in vivo environment. This gecko-inspired medical adhesive may have potential applications for sealing wounds and for replacement or augmentation of sutures or staples.
Heats of combustion of fatty esters and triglycerides (1989)

Abstract Gross heats of combustion (HG) have been measured for three classes of fatty esters and two classes of triglycerides (TGs). The esters included saturated methyl esters, Me 6:0–22:0; saturated ethyl esters, Et 8:0–22:0; and unsaturated methyl esters, Me 12:1–22:1, Me 18:2 and Me 18:3. The TGs included the saturated TGs, C 8:0–22:0, and unsaturated TGs, C 11:1, C 16:1, C 18:1, C 18:2, C 18:3, C 20:1 and C 22:1. HG were measured in a Parr adiabatic calorimeter according to a modification of ASTM D240 and D2015. Linear regression analysis (LINREG) yielded equations that related HG to carbon number (CN) or chain length, electron number (EN) or number of valence electrons and molecular weight (MW). Calculated HG values from CN, EN, or MW were nearly identical. Thus, any one of these three variables can be used to predict HG satisfactorily. R squared values for all equations were 0.99. Equations for correlating HG of saturated or unsaturated TGs with molecular characteristics of these molecules have not been reported. With LINREG, we developed equations that permitted predictions of HG from structures of the saturated and unsaturated TGs. Equations for predicting HG of methyl and ethyl esters were compared to those in the literature and were found to be more accurate and precise.
Pathogen of ‘facial disc disintegration disease’ in Argopecten irradians veliger (2004)

An investigation was conducted along the sea area of Dalian, Liaoning Province. The Argopecten irradians veligers with 'facial disc disintegration disease' were obsevered under electron microscope and the artificial infection experiment was made. The symptoms showed that the diseased veligers subsided and their tissues dissolved with the facial disc of swimming organ disintegrating, and all died at last. The pathogenic virus mainly invaded the connect tissue cell and epithelial cell of the veliger. The virus had the shape of hexogan or approximate spherical, and the diameter of immature virions were 84-90 nm. The virions were various in shape, and four morphological types were similar to marek's disease herpes virus and turkey herpes virus, which were compact nucleoid type, hollowing type, crisscross type and two-ring type. The artificial infecting results show that 30% veligers appeared the symptom of 'facial disc disintegration ' after 100 h infection, and all died after 148 h at water temperature 22-24 ℃. The transmission ways of the virus includes vertical and horizontal transmission.
Efficient Generation of Rat Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Viral Inducible Vector (2013)

Current methods of generating rat induced pluripotent stem cells are based on viral transduction of pluripotency inducing genes (Oct4, Sox2, c-myc and Klf4) into somatic cells. These activate endogenous pluripotency genes and reprogram the identity of the cell to an undifferentiated state. Epigenetic silencing of exogenous genes has to occur to allow normal iPS cell differentiation. To gain more control over the expression of exogenous reprogramming factors, we used a novel doxycycline-inducible plasmid vector encoding Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. To ensure efficient and controlled generation of iPS cells by plasmid transfection we equipped the reprogramming vector with a bacteriophage φC31 attB site and used a φC31 integrase expression vector to enhance vector integration. A series of doxycycline-independent rat iPS cell lines were established. These were characterized by immunocytochemical detection of Oct4, SSEA1 and SSEA4, alkaline phosphatase staining, methylation analysis of the endogenous Oct4 promoter and RT-PCR analysis of endogenous rat pluripotency genes. We also determined the number of vector integrations and the extent to which reprogramming factor gene expression was controlled. Protocols were developed to generate embryoid bodies and rat iPS cells demonstrated as pluripotent by generating derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers in vitro, and teratoma formation in vivo. All data suggest that our rat iPS cells, generated by plasmid based reprogramming, are similar to rat ES cells. Methods of DNA transfection, protein transduction and feeder-free monolayer culture of rat iPS cells were established to enable future applications.
Nucleotide sequence of the McrB region of Escherichia coli K-12 and evidence for two independent translational initiation sites at the mcrB locus (1989)

The McrB restriction system of Escherichia coli K-12 is responsible for the biological inactivation of foreign DNA that contains 5-methylcytosine residues (E. A. Raleigh and G. Wilson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:9070-9074, 1986). Within the McrB region of the chromosome is the mcrB gene, which encodes a protein of 51 kilodaltons (kDa) (T. K. Ross, E. C. Achberger, and H. D. Braymer, Gene 61:277-289, 1987), and the mcrC gene, the product of which is 39 kDa (T. K. Ross, E. C. Achberger, and H. D. Braymer, Mol. Gen. Genet., in press). The nucleotide sequence of a 2,695-base-pair segment encompassing the McrB region was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was used to identify two open reading frames specifying peptides of 455 and 348 amino acids, corresponding to the products of the mcrB and mcrC genes, respectively. A single-nucleotide overlap was found to exist between the termination codon of the mcrB gene and the proposed initiation codon of the mcrC gene. The presence of an additional peptide of 33 kDa in strains containing various recombinant plasmids with portions of the McrB region has been reported by Ross et al. (Gene 61:277-289, 1987). The analysis of frameshift and deletion mutants of one such hybrid plasmid, pRAB-13, provided evidence for a second translational initiation site within the McrB open reading frame. The proposed start codon for translation of the 33-kDa peptide lies 481 nucleotides downstream from the initiation codon for the 51-kDa mcrB gene product. The 33-kDa peptide may play a regulatory role in the McrB restriction of DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.
Analysis of Complex Threats - Pacific (2000)

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to apply the ACT (CAA-SR-99-4) methodology to analyze country instability in the U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) area of responsibility (AOR) through year 2010. The intent of this analysis is to provide USPACOM intelligence analysts with an analytically defensible approach for determining potential locations of intelligence assets.
Induction of apoptosis by Shiga toxins (2010)

Shiga toxins comprise a family of structurally and functionally related protein toxins expressed by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and multiple serotypes of Escherichia coli. While the capacity of Shiga toxins to inhibit protein synthesis by catalytic inactivation of eukaryotic ribosomes has been well described, it is also apparent that Shiga toxins trigger apoptosis in many cell types. This review presents evidence that Shiga toxins induce apoptosis of epithelial, endothelial, leukocytic, lymphoid and neuronal cells. Apoptotic signaling pathways activated by the toxins are reviewed with an emphasis on signaling mechanisms that are shared among different cell types. Data suggesting that Shiga toxins induce apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and clinical evidence demonstrating apoptosis in humans infected with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria are briefly discussed. The potential for use of Shiga toxins to induce apoptosis in cancer cells is briefly reviewed.
Modeling the intronic regulation of Alternative Splicing using Deep Convolutional Neural Nets (2015)

This paper investigates the use of deep Convolutional Neural Networks for modeling the intronic regulation of Alternative Splicing on the basis of DNA sequence. By training the CNN on massively parallel synthetic DNA libraries of Alternative 5'-splicing and Alternatively Skipped exon events, the model is capable of predicting the relative abundance of alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms on held-out library data to a very high accuracy (R2 = 0.77 for Alt. 5'-splicing). Furthermore, the CNN is shown to generalize alternative splicing across cell lines efficiently. The Convolutional Neural Net is tested against a Logistic regression model and the results show that while prediction accuracy on the synthetic library is notably higher compared to the LR model, the CNN is worse at generalizing to new intronic contexts. Tests on non-synthetic human SNP genes suggest the CNN is dependent on the relative position of the intronic region it was trained for, a problem which is alleviated with LR. The increased library prediction accuracy of the CNN compared to Logistic regression is concluded to come from the non-linearity introduced by the deep layer architecture. It adds the capacity to model complex regulatory interactions and combinatorial RBP effects which studies have shown largely affect alternative splicing. However, the architecture makes interpreting the CNN hard, as the regulatory interactions are encoded deep within the layers. Nevertheless, high-performance modeling of alternative splicing using CNNs may still prove useful in numerous Synthetic biology applications, for example to model differentially spliced genes as is done in this paper.
D Splitless Injection (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction How to Perform Splitless Injection Sample Volumes Suitable for Splitless Injection Injection of Large Volumes Sample Transfer into the Column Problems with Quantitative Analysis Reconcentration of Initial Bands Related Injection Methods General Evaluation of Splitless Injection
Gene Expression-Based Prognostic Signatures in Lung Cancer: Ready for Clinical Use? (2010)

A substantial number of studies have reported the development of gene expression-based prognostic signatures for lung cancer. The ultimate aim of such studies should be the development of well-validated clinically useful prognostic signatures that improve therapeutic decision making beyond current practice standards. We critically reviewed published studies reporting the development of gene expression-based prognostic signatures for non-small cell lung cancer to assess the progress made toward this objective. Studies published between January 1, 2002, and February 28, 2009, were identified through a PubMed search. Following hand-screening of abstracts of the identified articles, 16 were selected as relevant. Those publications were evaluated in detail for appropriateness of the study design, statistical validation of the prognostic signature on independent datasets, presentation of results in an unbiased manner, and demonstration of medical utility for the new signature beyond that obtained using existing treatment guidelines. Based on this review, we found little evidence that any of the reported gene expression signatures are ready for clinical application. We also found serious problems in the design and analysis of many of the studies. We suggest a set of guidelines to aid the design, analysis, and evaluation of prognostic signature studies. These guidelines emphasize the importance of focused study planning to address specific medically important questions and the use of unbiased analysis methods to evaluate whether the resulting signatures provide evidence of medical utility beyond standard of care-based prognostic factors.
Inhibition of metastatic renal cell carcinomas expressing somatostatin receptors by a targeted cytotoxic analogue of somatostatin AN-238. (2000)

The effectiveness of chemotherapy targeted to somatostatin (SST) receptors based on cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238, consisting of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201) linked to SST carrier octapeptide, was investigated in human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). SST receptors, which showed high-affinity binding for AN-238, were found in the SW-839 RCC line with sst2A subtype and in the 786-0 RCC line, which expressed the sst5 subtype. CAKI-1 RCC, which does not express sst2A or sst5, was used as a negative control for testing the specificity of SST receptor targeting. Using microsatellite analysis, AN-238 was shown to selectively inhibit the proliferation of 786-0 line, but not the CAKI-1 RCC line in vitro. The effects of three i.v. injections of 150 nmol/kg of AN-238 or AN-201, given on days 1, 8, and 21, were evaluated in groups of nude mice bearing s.c. xenografts of SW-839 and 786-0 RCC. After 5 weeks, the volumes of SW-839 and 786-0 RCC tumors were decreased by 67.2 (P < 0.05) and 78.3% (P < 0.01), respectively, whereas AN-201 had no significant effect on tumor growth. The inhibition of SST receptor-negative CAKI-1 tumors by AN-238 was only marginal. To investigate the efficacy of SST receptor-targeted chemotherapy in metastatic RCC, three i.v. injections of AN-238 or AN-201 at 150 nmol/kg were given at biweekly intervals to nude mice implanted with 786-0 tumors under the renal capsule. After 6 weeks, the weight of orthotopic tumors treated with AN-238 (55.3 +/- 44.3 mg) was significantly lower (87% reduction; P < 0.001) than that in the control group (414.2 +/- 41.0 mg) or in animals given AN-201 (270.2 +/- 603 mg; P < 0.05). Five of six animals (83%), both in the control and the AN-201 group, developed metastases to lymph nodes, but only one of seven mice (14%) given AN-238 showed lymphatic spread. Lung metastases were found in 83% of controls and 50% of AN-201 treated animals, but none occurred in mice treated with AN-238. This study demonstrates that targeted cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238 provides an effective therapy for chemoresistant neoplasms such as RCC. Because most clinical RCCs express SST receptors, this treatment modality might be beneficial to patients with metastatic disease.