gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steam Diversion by Surfactants (1985)

ABSTRACT A large problem associated with steamflooding is the overriding or bypassing of the oil by the highly mobile steam. Surfactants have often been injected along with the steam in attempts to create a foam that would inhibit the flow of steam in these depleted zones or channels. Laboratory studies have shown that the magnitude of resistance to the flow of steam through a porous medium containing foam was directly related to the permeability. Because of these higher resistance factors in higher permeability zones, the relative amount of fluid flowing through zones of differing initial permeability can actually be reversed. Results with several surfactants will be discussed. Experimental techniques developed to permit determination of the amount of steam diverted from one zone to another enabled the examination of variables related to foam diversion processes such as surfactant type, surfactant concentration, slug size and most importantly, permeability. A description of these experimental techniques and the data analysis will be discussed.
A comparative study on location tracking strategies in cellular mobile radio systems (2002)

An efficient mobile location tracking strategy should minimize the combined cost of paging and location update. This combined cost depends on a mobile's mobility as well as its incoming call arrival rate. We derive the optimal location area size for the fixed location area (FLA) strategy and the distance-based location area (DBLA) strategy using the fluid mobility model. We then compare these two strategies and identify the problems of the distance-based approach. A composite strategy called adaptive location tracking (ALT) strategy is described. Numerical examples show that the ALT strategy always gives better performance than the FLA and the DBLA strategies. Contrary to the conventional expectation, the FLA strategy is found to outperform the DBLA strategy in many cases. This is due to the large location area overlapping with the use of DBLA strategy.
Achaete-Scute Complex Homologue 1 Regulates Tumor-Initiating Capacity in Human Small Cell Lung Cancer (2009)

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor achaete-scute complex homologue 1 (ASCL1) is essential for the development of normal lung neuroendocrine cells as well as other endocrine and neural tissues. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-SCLC with neuroendocrine features express ASCL1, where the factor may play a role in the virulence and primitive neuroendocrine phenotype of these tumors. In this study, RNA interference knockdown of ASCL1 in cultured SCLC resulted in inhibition of soft agar clonogenic capacity and induction of apoptosis. cDNA microarray analyses bolstered by expression studies, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation identified two candidate stem cell marker genes, CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), to be directly regulated by ASCL1 in SCLC. In SCLC direct xenograft tumors, we detected a relatively abundant CD133(high)-ASCL1(high)-ALDH1(high) subpopulation with markedly enhanced tumorigenicity compared with cells with weak CD133 expression. Tumorigenicity in the CD133(high) subpopulation depended on continued ASCL1 expression. Whereas CD133(high) cells readily reconstituted the range of CD133 expression seen in the original xenograft tumor, CD133(low) cells could not. Our findings suggest that a broad range of SCLC cells has tumorigenic capacity rather than a small discrete population. Intrinsic tumor cell heterogeneity, including variation in key regulatory factors such as ASCL1, can modulate tumorigenicity in SCLC.
Newly Designed Hemostatic Technology Based on Photocurable Gelatin (1995)

In this article, the authors present a novel photochemically driven hemostatic technology using photocurable gelatins partially derivatized with photoreactive xanthene dyes (fluorescein, eosin, and rose bengal) and a hydrophilic difunctional macromer. The developed hemostatic glue consisted of dye derivatized gelatin (20 wt%), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (10 wt%), and ascorbid acid (0.3 wt%), all of which were dissolved in a saline solution. Irradiation of the hemostatic glue by visible light produced a swollen gel within a few tenths of a second due to dye sensitized photo-crosslinking and photograft polymerization. An increase in irradiation time resulted in an increased gel yield and reduced water swellability. A rat liver injured on laparotomy was coated with the hemostatic glue. Upon visible light irradiation through an optical fiber, the coated viscous solution was immediately converted to a swollen gel and, concomitantly, hemostasis was completed. Histologic examination showed that, at 7 days after surgery, little gelatin remained in the injured region, scarring with little necrosis occurred, and inflammatory cells infiltrated from the surrounding tissue and tissue regeneration proceeded well. During laparoscopic surgery, in situ gelation of the hemostatic glue on the liver surface was demonstrated using a specially designed fiberscope.
The return of the DIY computer (2007)

The FPGA could be on its way into the desktop PC, letting users rewire their hardware to speed up programs. But it means big shifts in design techniques.
Ga ∕ Au alloy catalyst for single crystal silicon-nanowire epitaxy (2007)

Epitaxial growth of single crystalline silicon nanowires along the ⟨111⟩ directions was obtained on Si (100) and Si (111) substrates by gold-gallium-nanoparticle-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition with a SiH4 precursor. In comparison to the pure gold catalyst, the proportion of the nanowires growing perpendicular to the substrate is much higher and the wires show almost no kinks. The average diameter is smaller, and the diameter and length distributions are narrowly dispersed. By making a particular choice of growth conditions, it is possible to realize either rodlike or tapered silicon nanowires, which may be desirable for applications as field emitters.
Monovalent Cation-Induced Conformational Change in Glucose Oxidase Leading to Stabilization of the Enzyme, (2001)

Glucose oxidase (GOD) from Aspergillus niger is an acidic dimeric enzyme having a high degree of localization of negative charges on the enzyme surface and dimer interface. We have studied the effect of monovalent cations on the structure and stability of GOD using various optical spectroscopic techniques, limited proteolysis, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and enzymic activity measurements. The monovalent cations were found to influence the enzymic activity and tertiary structure of GOD, but no effect on the secondary structure of the enzyme was observed. The monovalent cation-stabilized GOD was found to have a more compact dimeric structure but lower enzymic activity than the native enzyme. The enzyme's K(m) for D-glucose was found to be slightly enhanced for the monovalent cation-stabilized enzyme (maximum enhancement of about 35% for LiCl) as compared to native GOD. Comparative denaturation studies on the native and monovalent cation-stabilized enzyme demonstrated a significant resistance of cation-stabilized GOD to urea (about 50% residual activity at 6.5 M urea) and thermal denaturation (Delta T(m) maximum of 10 degrees C compared to native enzyme). However, pH-induced denaturation showed a destabilization of monovalent cation-stabilized GOD as compared to the native enzyme. The effectiveness of monovalent cations in stabilizing GOD structure against urea and thermal denaturation was found to follow the Hofmeister series: K(+) > Na(+) > Li(+).
Speaker adaptation using spectral interpolation for speech recognition (1994)

Abstract This paper proposes a technique for supervised speaker adaptation for speech recognition based on a continuous density hidden Markov model (HMM). When the number of utterances for the adaptation words is decreased in order to reduce the burden on the user, the ratio of demisyllables (recognition units) not appearing in the uttered words is increased. In the proposed method, the HMM parameters for the demisyllables contained in the adaptation data are corrected and then the HMM parameters for the demisyllables not contained in the adaptation data are corrected by interpolation in the parameter space (spectral interpolation). To avoid a biased estimation of the parameters that depend on the adaptation data set, a correction is made based on large‐scale uttered data by a large number of speakers. A word recognition experiment, executed for 100 similar words, simulates a 5000‐word large‐vocabulary speech recognition; and the proposed method is then evaluated. When the recognition rate by the speaker‐independent HMM reaches 81.2 percent, the recognition rate is improved up to 85.2 percent by using 50 words for adaptation. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Chronic Pancreatitis (1995)

In 1788 Cawley reported on a “free living young man” who had died of emaciation and diabetes and whose postmortem examination revealed multiple pancreatic calculi.1 In the two centuries since that early description of chronic pancreatitis, literally thousands of reports dealing with this disease have been published, yet chronic pancreatitis remains an enigmatic process of uncertain pathogenesis, unpredictable clinical course, and unclear treatment.Classification and PathologyAcute and chronic pancreatitis are distinguished from each other on the basis of structural and functional criteria. In acute pancreatitis, the gland is normal before the attack and can return to normal after resolution . . .
Recognizing realistic actions from videos “in the wild” (2009)

In this paper, we present a systematic framework for recognizing realistic actions from videos “in the wild.” Such unconstrained videos are abundant in personal collections as well as on the web. Recognizing action from such videos has not been addressed extensively, primarily due to the tremendous variations that result from camera motion, background clutter, changes in object appearance, and scale, etc. The main challenge is how to extract reliable and informative features from the unconstrained videos. We extract both motion and static features from the videos. Since the raw features of both types are dense yet noisy, we propose strategies to prune these features. We use motion statistics to acquire stable motion features and clean static features. Furthermore, PageRank is used to mine the most informative static features. In order to further construct compact yet discriminative visual vocabularies, a divisive information-theoretic algorithm is employed to group semantically related features. Finally, AdaBoost is chosen to integrate all the heterogeneous yet complementary features for recognition. We have tested the framework on the KTH dataset and our own dataset consisting of 11 categories of actions collected from YouTube and personal videos, and have obtained impressive results for action recognition and action localization.
Distribution of the collagen binding heat-shock protein in chicken tissues. (1992)

We examined the tissue distribution of heat-shock protein MW 47,000 D, hsp47, which binds to native and denatured collagen including Types I, III, and IV, in various chicken tissues by Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. hsp47 was located on fibrocytes or fibroblasts in the connective tissue in various organs, chondrocytes in the cartilage, smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, vitamin A storage cells in sinusoidal area of liver, endothelial cells in blood vessels, and epithelial cells of renal glomeruli, tubules, and basal layer of epidermis. These cells also co-expressed a certain type of collagen molecule. Furthermore, in developing embryos, fibroblasts and chondrocytes expressed hsp47 before the deposition of collagen Type I or Type II in the surrounding tissue. These results indicate that the binding of hsp47 to collagen molecules has important biological significance.
Extracellular Zinc and ATP Restore Chloride Secretion across Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia by Triggering Calcium Entry (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defective cyclic AMP-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl(-) channels. Thus, CF epithelia fail to transport Cl(-) and water. A postulated therapeutic avenue in CF is activation of alternative Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels. We hypothesized that stimulation of Ca(2+) entry from the extracellular space could trigger a sustained Ca(2+) signal to activate Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels. Cytosolic [Ca(2+)](i) was measured in non-polarized human CF (IB3-1) and non-CF (16HBE14o(-)) airway epithelial cells. Primary human CF and non-CF airway epithelial monolayers as well as Calu-3 monolayers were used to assess anion secretion. In vivo nasal potential difference measurements were performed in non-CF and two different CF mouse (DeltaF508 homozygous and bitransgenic gut-corrected but lung-null) models. Zinc and ATP induced a sustained, reversible, and reproducible increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) in CF and non-CF cells with chemistry and pharmacology most consistent with activation of P2X purinergic receptor channels. P2X purinergic receptor channel-mediated Ca(2+) entry stimulated sustained Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) secretion in CF and non-CF epithelial monolayers. In non-CF mice, zinc and ATP induced a significant Cl(-) secretory response similar to the effects of agonists that increase intracellular cAMP levels. More importantly, in both CF mouse models, Cl(-) permeability of nasal epithelia was restored in a sustained manner by zinc and ATP. These effects were reversible and reacquirable upon removal and readdition of agonists. Our data suggest that activation of P2X calcium entry channels may have profound therapeutic benefit for CF that is independent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype.
Next generation coating technologies for low-cost electronics manufacturing (2002)

Extrusion coating and extrude-and-spin coating have been developed to significantly reduce the costs associated with the application of polymer films such as photoresists, dielectrics and color filter materials. These technologies are shown to reduce process fluid utilization by 75-95% as compared to conventional spin coating. Extrusion coating is readily scaled to accommodate increasingly larger square or rectangular substrates with high throughput. A wide variety of extrusion-coated films ranging from 300 /spl Aring/ to greater than 150 /spl mu/m thick have been demonstrated on substrates up to 600 mm in size. Typical film thickness uniformity is +/-3%. The extrusion coater system was shown to produce pinhole-free coatings with particle counts meeting or exceeding industry standards. Extrude-and-spin coating has been successfully demonstrated on 370/spl times/470 mm rectangular display glass substrates with film thickness uniformities of less than +/-3%. This technology is also being developed for processing round substrates, such as silicon wafers.
Effects of arginine vasopressin during resuscitation from hemorrhagic hypotension after traumatic brain injury* (2006)

Early supplemental arginine vasopressin rapidly corrected cerebral perfusion pressure, improved cerebrovascular compliance, and prevented circulatory collapse during fluid resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock after traumatic brain injury.
Reduction of fumarate, mesaconate and crotonate by Mfr, a novel oxygen‐regulated periplasmic reductase in Campylobacter jejuni (2009)

Methylmenaquinol : fumarate reductase (Mfr) is a newly recognized type of fumarate reductase present in some epsilon-proteobacteria, where the active site subunit (MfrA) is localized in the periplasm, but for which a physiological role has not been identified. We show that the Campylobacter jejuni mfrABE operon is transcribed from a single promoter, with the mfrA gene preceded by a small open reading-frame (mfrX) encoding a C. jejuni-specific polypeptide of unknown function. The growth characteristics and enzyme activities of mutants in the mfrA and menaquinol : fumarate reductase A (frdA) genes show that the cytoplasmic facing Frd enzyme is the major fumarate reductase under oxygen limitation. The Mfr enzyme is shown to be necessary for maximal rates of growth by fumarate respiration and rates of fumarate reduction in intact cells measured by both viologen assays and 1H-NMR were slower in an mfrA mutant. As periplasmic fumarate reduction does not require fumarate/succinate antiport, Mfr may allow more efficient adaptation to fumarate-dependent growth. However, a further rationale for the periplasmic location of Mfr is suggested by the observation that the enzyme also reduces the fumarate analogues mesaconate and crotonate; fermentation products of anaerobes with which C. jejuni shares its gut environment, that are unable to be transported into the cell. Both MfrA and MfrB subunits were localized in the periplasm by immunoblotting and 2D-gel electrophoresis, but an mfrE mutant accumulated unprocessed MfrA in the cytoplasm, suggesting a preassembled MfrABE holoenzyme has to be recognized by the TAT system for translocation to occur. Gene expression studies in chemostat cultures following an aerobic-anaerobic shift showed that mfrA is highly upregulated by oxygen limitation, as would be experienced in vivo. Our results indicate that in addition to a role in fumarate respiration, Mfr allows C. jejuni to reduce analogous substrates specifically present in the host gut environment.
Use of Fourier Series Analysis for Motion Artifact Reduction and Data Compression of Photoplethysmographic Signals (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Pulse oximeters require artifact-free clean photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals obtained at red and infrared (IR) wavelengths for the estimation of the level of oxygen saturation <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$( \hbox{SpO}_{2})$</tex></formula> in the arterial blood of a patient. Movement of a patient corrupts a PPG signal with motion artifacts and introduces large errors in the computation of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{SpO}_{2}$</tex></formula>. A novel method for removing motion artifacts from corrupted PPG signals by applying Fourier series analysis on a cycle-by-cycle basis is presented in this paper. Aside from artifact reduction, the proposed method also provides data compression. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is insensitive to heart rate variation, introduces negligible error in the processed PPG signals due to the additional processing, preserves all the morphological features of the PPG, provides 35 dB reduction in motion artifacts, and achieves a data compression factor of 12. </para>
Scheduling battery usage in mobile systems (2003)

The use of multibattery power supplies is becoming common practice in electronic appliances of the latest generations. Economical and manufacturing constraints are at the basis of this choice. Unfortunately, a partitioned battery subsystem is not able to deliver the same amount of charge as a monolithic battery with the same total capacity. In this paper, we define the concept of battery scheduling, we investigate several policies for solving the problem of optimal charge delivery, and we study the relationship of such policies with different configurations of the battery subsystem. Experimental results, obtained for different kinds of current workloads, demonstrate that the choice of the proper scheduling can make system lifetime as close as 1% of the theoretical upper bound, that is, a monolithic power supply of equal capacity.
An Electromagnetic Position Sensor. (1973)

Abstract : One of many Air Force concepts requires that the physical alignment of separate system parts be aligned to each other so that the system will operate correctly. This method of alignment is termed transfer of alignment. This report deals with transfer of alignment by the use of radiated magnetic waves. This report details the design and laboratory testing of the Space Synchro (SPASYN) which is a five-degree-of-freedom transducing technique used to detect the orientation of one body with respect to another in measurements of pitch, roll and yaw angular displacements. The system consists of a Radiator, Sensor, Radiator Excitation Unit (REU), and System Control and Display Unit (SCDU).
Two Novel Triazole-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Consolidated by a Flexible Dicarboxylate Co-ligand: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties (2008)

To explore the effects of a co-ligand on the construction of mixed-ligand metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), two new triazole-based complexes with a flexible dicarboxylate as a co-ligand, {[Zn4(trz)4(gt)2(H2O)2](H2O)2}n1 and {[Cd2(trz)2(gt)(H2O)2](H2O)4}n2 (Htrz = 1,2,4-triazole; H2gt = glutaric acid), were synthesized and their structures were fully characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Their thermal stability and luminescence emissions were further investigated to establish their structure–property relationship. Crystal structure determination showed that 1 is a neutral two-dimensional pillared-bilayer network consisting of 14-membered hydrophobic channels, whereas 2 is an infinite three-dimensional framework constructed from tetranuclear [Cd4(trz)4]4+ subunits. Interestingly, the overall structure of both MOFs can be solely supported by ZnII/CdII and trz anions, and were further consolidated by the introduction of a flexible gt co-ligand. In addition, the carboxylate groups in the co-ligand can also serve as a weak O–H···O hydrogen-bond acceptor to capture guest water molecules. The synchronous weight-loss behaviour of trz and gt anions presented by thermogravometric curves suggest their cooperative contributions to the thermal stability of the MOFs. In contrast, the fluorescence emissions of two complexes are significantly dominated by the core trz ligand, rather than the gt co-ligand and metal ions.
Different Mechanisms for Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Signal Peptidase Mutants (1999)

The type I signal peptidase SipS of Bacillus subtilis is of major importance for the processing of secretory precursor proteins. In the present studies, we have investigated possible mechanisms of thermal inactivation of five temperature-sensitive SipS mutants. The results demonstrate that two of these mutants, L74A and Y81A, are structurally stable but strongly impaired in catalytic activity at 48 degrees C, showing the (unprecedented) involvement of the conserved leucine 74 and tyrosine 81 residues in the catalytic reaction of type I signal peptidases. This conclusion is supported by the crystal structure of the homologous signal peptidase of Escherichia coli (Paetzel, M., Dalbey, R. E., and Strynadka, N. C. J. (1998) Nature 396, 186-190). In contrast, the SipS mutant proteins R84A, R84H, and D146A were inactivated by proteolytic degradation, indicating that the conserved arginine 84 and aspartic acid 146 residues are required to obtain a protease-resistant conformation. The cell wall-bound protease WprA was shown to be involved in the degradation of SipS D146A, which is in accord with the fact that SipS has a large extracytoplasmic domain. As WprA was not involved in the degradation of the SipS mutant proteins R84A and R84H, we conclude that multiple proteases are responsible for the thermal inactivation of temperature-sensitive SipS mutants.