gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of neuropilin-1 promotes constitutive MAPK signalling and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells (2005)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a novel co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Neuropilin-1 is expressed in pancreatic cancer, but not in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. We hypothesised that NRP-1 expression by pancreatic cancer cells contributes to the malignant phenotype. To determine the role of NRP-1 in pancreatic cancer, NRP-1 was stably transfected into the human pancreatic cancer cell line FG. Signal transduction was assessed by Western blot analysis. Susceptibility to anoikis (detachment induced apoptosis) was evaluated by colony formation after growth in suspension. Chemosensitivity to gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was assessed by MTT assay in pancreatic cancer cells following NRP-1 overexpression or siRNA-induced downregulation of NRP-1. Differential expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined by gene array and further evaluated by Western blot analysis. Neuropilin-1 overexpression increased constitutive mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, possibly via an autocrine loop. Neuropilin-1 overexpression in FG cells enhanced anoikis resistance and increased survival of cells by > 30% after exposure to clinically relevant levels of gemcitabine and 5-FU. In contrast, downregulation of NRP-1 expression in Panc-1 cells markedly increased chemosensitivity, inducing > 50% more cell death at clinically relevant concentrations of gemcitabine. Neuropilin-1 overexpression also increased expression of the antiapoptotic regulator, MCL-1. Neuropilin-1 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cell lines is associated with (a) increased constitutive MAPK signalling, (b) inhibition of anoikis, and (c) chemoresistance. Targeting NRP-1 in pancreatic cancer cells may downregulate survival signalling pathways and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Fused Quinoline Derivatives. IV. Novel 11-Aminoindolo(3,2-b)quinolines. (1997)

Indolo[3,2-b]quinoline derivatives (1) having various amine moieties were prepared and their antitumor activities against P388 leukemia in mice were evaluated, for the purpose of gaining an insight into the role of the amine moiety in the antitumor activity and searching for an effective amine moiety. Introduction of a methylene group between the phenyl group and amino or methanesulfonamido group resulted in decrease or loss of activity.
The AKT kinase is activated in multiple myeloma tumor cells (2001)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on archived bone marrow (BM) with a phosphospecific anti-AKT antibody. IHC on 26 BM biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) demonstrated phospho-AKT staining of malignant plasma cells in a cell membrane-specific pattern, whereas nonmalignant hematopoietic cells did not stain. Preabsorption of the antibody with phosphorylated AKT peptide, but not nonphosphorylated peptide, abrogated staining. Frequency of plasma cell staining in BMs of patients with stage I or smoldering MM was significantly less than that of stage III MM marrows. Plasma cells in 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance were not stained by the antibody. To investigate the significance of AKT activation, 2 cell lines initiated from cultures of primary MM cells were also studied. Both demonstrated constitutive AKT activation. Interruption of AKT activation and activity, achieved by either exposure to wortmannin or by ectopic expression of a dominant negative AKT mutant, resulted in inhibition of MM cell growth in vitro. These results indicate that activation of the AKT kinase is a characteristic of MM cells and suggest that AKT activity is important for MM cell expansion.
Biometric Authentication. Types of biometric identifiers (2012)

The purpose of this thesis was to build clear understanding biometrics and biometrics identifiers and also to look closely on the methods of biometrics.\n\nIn this work such methods as data collecting, content analysis were applied. The information is taken from multiple internet resources, TV reports, magazines and newspapers and books.\n\nThe study contains information about the history of biometrics and the process of its development, characteristics that people consider to be the advantages and disadvantages of biometrics, and also about two types of biometric identifiers and methods that belong to these types.\n\nThe results of the study were the most popular methods of biometrics, their advantages and disadvantages.
Osmole gap in neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care unit: Its normal value, calculation, and relationship with mannitol serum concentrations (2004)

The osmole gap correlates better with mannitol serum concentrations than osmolality, and although it cannot predict a specific mannitol serum concentration, a normal osmole gap concentration, as we find at trough times, indicates sufficient clearance for a new mannitol dose.
Primary Structure and Biochemical Properties of an M 2 Muscarinic Receptor (1987)

A partial amino acid sequence obtained for porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was used to isolate complementary DNA clones containing the complete receptor coding region. The deduced 466-amino acid polypeptide exhibits extensive structural and sequence homology with other receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins (for example, the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsins); this similarity predicts a structure of seven membrane-spanning regions distinguished by the disposition of a large cytoplasmic domain. Stable transfection of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line with the atrial receptor complementary DNA leads to the binding of muscarinic antagonists in these cells with affinities characteristic of the M2 receptor subtype. The atrial muscarinic receptor is encoded by a unique gene consisting of a single coding exon and multiple, alternatively spliced 5' noncoding regions. The atrial receptor is distinct from the cerebral muscarinic receptor gene product, sharing only 38% overall amino acid homology and possessing a completely nonhomologous large cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a role for the latter region in differential effector coupling.
An architecture for real-time reasoning and system control (1992)

The Procedural Reasoning System, a generic reasoning system based on the rational-agent architecture, is described. The system has been applied to several real-time applications, including mobile robot control, system control for a surveillance aircraft, and air traffic management. Two applications that are relevant to process industries handling malfunctions for the reaction control system of NASA's Space Shuttle and diagnosing and controlling failures and overloads in a telecommunications network are discussed. Specifically, the representation and management of malfunction-handling procedures and tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SMTP Service Extensions (1993)

with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). This framework does not require modification of existing SMTP clients or servers unless the features of the service extensions are to be requested or provided.
An Engineered Virus as a Scaffold for Three‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly on the Nanoscale (2005)

Exquisite control over positioning nanoscale components on a protein scaffold allows bottom-up self-assembly of nanodevices. Using cowpea mosaic virus, modified to express cysteine residues on the capsid exterior, gold nanoparticles were attached to the viral scaffold to produce specific interparticle distances (see picture). The nanoparticles were then interconnected using thiol-terminated conjugated organic molecules that act as “molecular wires”, resulting in a 3D spherical conductive network, which is only 30 nm in diameter. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2421/2005/z500021_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inverse correlation of antiviral antibody titers and the remission length in patients treated with viral oncolysate: A possible new prognostic sign in acute myelogenous leukemia (1981)

In a study conducted since August 1974 by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, 57 of 107 patients suffering from acute myelogenous leukemia achieved a complete remission. Thirty of these 57 patients were randomly selected to receive maintenance chemotherapy alone; the other 27 patients received, in addition to the same chemotherapy, monthly injections of viral oncolysate (i.e., formalin-treated fowl plaque virus-infected allogenous leukemia cells). The levels of antifowl plaque virus antibody titers in the sera were determined at regular intervals. All patients with an initial antibody titer of zero and a titer increase after the very first injection of oncolysate had remission times of less than six months (P less than or equal to 0.02). After the fifth injection there wa a clear reverse correlation of titer values and remission lengths (P less than or equal to 0.01). Several patients showed an association of changes of antiviral antibodies in the serum and the percentage of myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunization by viral oncolysate can therefore be used to predict the course of patients who are in remission from acute myelogenous leukemia; it may furthermore be helpful in detecting patients whose treatment has been insufficient.
Tests of functional limitations in fibromyalgia syndrome: A reliability study (1999)

All but 1 of the selected 7 tests were considered to possess acceptable intrarater reliability for use in FMS in clinical physical therapy practice.
Introduction (1992)

Recent changes generally in A and AS examinations suggest that course work has a part to play at this level of study. In the English subject area, the introduction of new A and AS examinations in English Language has seen the appearance of a new element, knowledge about language, an area which is often unfamiliar for both teachers and students. In many syllabuses, more stress is also being placed on spoken English.
Chimpanzees immunized with recombinant soluble CD4 develop anti-self CD4 antibody responses with anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. (1992)

In view of the efficiency with which human immunodeficiency virus replication can be blocked in vitro with anti-CD4 antibodies, the elicitation of an anti-CD4 antibody response through active immunization might represent a useful therapeutic strategy for AIDS. Here we demonstrate that immunization of chimpanzees with recombinant soluble human CD4 elicited an anti-CD4 antibody response. The elicited antibody bound self CD4 on digitonin-treated but not freshly isolated lymphocytes. Nevertheless, this antibody blocked human immunodeficiency virus replication in chimpanzee and human lymphocytes. These observations suggest that immunization with recombinant soluble CD4 from human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans may be feasible and therapeutically beneficial.
Gelation-driven component selection in the generation of constitutional dynamic hydrogels based on guanine-quartet formation (2005)

The guanosine hydrazide 1 yields a stable supramolecular hydrogel based on the formation of a guanine quartet (G-quartet) in presence of metal cations. The effect of various parameters (concentration, nature of metal ion, and temperature) on the properties of this gel has been studied. Proton NMR spectroscopy is shown to allow a molecular characterization of the gelation process. Hydrazide 1 and its assemblies can be reversibly decorated by acylhydrazone formation with various aldehydes, resulting in formation of highly viscous dynamic hydrogels. When a mixture of aldehydes is used, the dynamic system selects the aldehyde that leads to the most stable gel. Mixing hydrazides 1, 9 and aldehydes 6, 8 in 1:1:1:1 ratio generated a constitutional dynamic library containing the four acylhydrazone derivatives A, B, C, and D. The library constitution displayed preferential formation of the acylhydrazone B that yields the strongest gel. Thus, gelation redirects the acylhydrazone distribution in the dynamic library as guanosine hydrazide 1 scavenges preferentially aldehyde 8, under the pressure of gelation because of the collective interactions in the assemblies of G-quartets B, despite the strong preference of the competing hydrazide 9 for 8. Gel formation and component selection are thermoreversible. The process amounts to gelation-driven self-organization with component selection and amplification in constitutional dynamic hydrogels based on G-quartet formation and reversible covalent connections. The observed self-organization and component selection occur by means of a multilevel self-assembly involving three dynamic processes, two of supramolecular and one of reversible covalent nature. They extend constitutional dynamic chemistry to phase-organization and phase-transition events.
Influences of Nonspecific Low Back Pain on Three-Dimensional Lumbar Spine Kinematics in Locomotion (2001)

The phasic patterns and angular spinal displacements of patients with nonspecific low back pain were shown to be within normal limits. However, the patients demonstrated higher degrees of stride-to-stride variability, representing increased fluctuations in dynamic thoracic and pelvic oscillations. These findings, resulting in less than optimal gait patterns, must be considered in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic low back pain.
Nonclinical safety evaluation of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin mucosal adjuvant as a component of a nasal influenza vaccine (2003)

Conventional influenza vaccines currently in use are administered parenterally and generally confer good protection against systemic disease through the induction of high titers of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies. Parenteral vaccines are suboptimal in that they fail to induce a local mucosal response that may prevent the early stages of virus infection. Thus, the intranasal administration of a vaccine may provide a viable alternative to the parenteral route. Indeed, intranasal administration of vaccine antigens when formulated with an appropriate mucosal adjuvant (e.g., bacterial toxins), results in a vigorous local and systemic immune response. This review discusses the nonclinical safety evaluation of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin as a mucosal adjuvant for an intranasally administered influenza vaccine.
Nonlinearly generated spectral components in the nearfield of a directive sound source (1989)

Nonlinear propagation of sound waves generated by a directive ultrasound source in air is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The circular source of 21 cm in radius consists of 1410 small PZT bimorph transducers, whose resonance frequency is 28 kHz. For a single-frequency wave excitation, sound pressures of the fundamental, second, and third harmonics are measured and are compared with the numerical results using a method of Aanonsen et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75, 749–768 (1984)]. Extending their initial condition to the case of a two-frequency wave excitation, propagation curves and beam patterns of the difference frequency sound are obtained and compared with the measured data. All observations quantitatively agree very well with the numerical calculation. Nonlinear attenuation of spectral components by increasing the source pressure is clearly confirmed.
Influence of codeposition on the performance of CuPc–C60 heterojunction photovoltaic devices (2004)

We investigate the effects of introducing codeposited mixed layers on the performance of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)–fullerene (C60) heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Significant improvements in device performance are seen when mixed layers are used compared to discrete layers. The effects of composition are examined for a series of devices incorporating mixed layers with well-defined composition ratios. Atomic force microscopy and electronic absorption spectroscopy studies show that the mixed layer films are smooth and amorphous, and undergo intermolecular intermixing. Finally, the use of multiple mixed layers leads to additional enhancements due to the creation of a gradient of donor–acceptor compositions that results in improved channels for charge transport.
Audio Information Hiding Based on Spatial Masking (2010)

Herein an information hiding technique for audio signals is proposed based on the spatial masking phenomenon observed in the human auditory system. This method employs an audio encoding technique called Ambisonics, which has recently received much attention because unlike conventional audio formats that cannot retain precise spatial information, Ambisonics is capable of reproducing sound space. For secrecy, information is hidden as an additive phantom sound source, which should be located near the real one to exploit spatial masking. Thus, only individuals who know the position of the phantom sound source and the key sequence can extract the hidden information. Additionally, computer simulations of common signal processes confirmed that the proposed method is robust against the all tested attacks except for the pitch scaling attack.
The Iranian Hostage Crisis and the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: Implications for International Dispute Resolution and Diplomacy (2007)

This is the twenty-fifth anniversary of what has become known as the Iranian Hostage Crisis. We shall look back on those events in order to point to possible issues, lessons and solutions for the future.
Modernizing Reference Genome Assemblies (2011)

I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Paul Flicek is married to the deputy editor of PLoS Medicine, Melissa Norton. Evan Eichler is on the board of Pacific Biosciences.



Support for this work came from the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, The National Library of Medicine, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, the Wellcome Trust (grant number 077198), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (EEE). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
[Possibilities of virus inactivation of pooled fresh plasma with tri-n-butylphosphate (TNBP) detergents (SD procedure)]. (1994)

Treatment with tri-n-butyl-phosphate and detergent (SD-treatment) leads to efficient inactivation of viruses having a lipid enveloped surface, like hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus, that are presently the most transfusion relevant viruses in Germany. Other lipid enveloped viruses of the herpes group like cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are inactivated as well. Non-enveloped viruses like parvovirus B19 and picornaviruses are not inactivated by SD-treatment. Future inactivation of blood components like plasma and blood products will be a combination of SD- and heat-treatment. Keeping single plasma units in quarantine for 6 months is one of the alternatives in elevating transfusion safety. For transfused blood the safety against infectious agent will continue to depend on the effectiveness of donor selection and the efficacy of testing.
Dynamic Association between the Catalytic and Lectin Domains of Human UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide α-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 (2006)

The family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAcTs) is unique among glycosyltransferases, containing both catalytic and lectin domains that we have previously shown to be closely associated. Here we describe the x-ray crystal structures of human ppGalNAcT-2 (hT2) bound to the product UDP at 2.75 A resolution and to UDP and an acceptor peptide substrate EA2 (PTTDSTTPAPTTK) at 1.64 A resolution. The conformations of both UDP and residues Arg362-Ser372 vary greatly between the two structures. In the hT2-UDP-EA2 complex, residues Arg362-Ser373 comprise a loop that forms a lid over UDP, sealing it in the active site, whereas in the hT2-UDP complex this loop is folded back, exposing UDP to bulk solvent. EA2 binds in a shallow groove with threonine 7 positioned consistent with in vitro data showing it to be the preferred site of glycosylation. The relative orientations of the hT2 catalytic and lectin domains differ dramatically from that of murine ppGalNAcT-1 and also vary considerably between the two hT2 complexes. Indeed, in the hT2-UDP-EA2 complex essentially no contact is made between the catalytic and lectin domains except for the peptide bridge between them. Thus, the hT2 structures reveal an unexpected flexibility between the catalytic and lectin domains and suggest a new mechanism used by hT2 to capture glycosylated substrates. Kinetic analysis of hT2 lacking the lectin domain confirmed the importance of this domain in acting on glycopeptide but not peptide substrates. The structure of the hT2-UDP-EA2 complex also resolves long standing questions regarding ppGalNAcT acceptor substrate specificity.
RoboEarth Semantic Mapping: A Cloud Enabled Knowledge-Based Approach (2015)

The vision of the RoboEarth project is to design a knowledge-based system to provide web and cloud services that can transform a simple robot into an intelligent one. In this work, we describe the RoboEarth semantic mapping system. The semantic map is composed of: 1) an ontology to code the concepts and relations in maps and objects and 2) a SLAM map providing the scene geometry and the object locations with respect to the robot. We propose to ground the terminological knowledge in the robot perceptions by means of the SLAM map of objects. RoboEarth boosts mapping by providing: 1) a subdatabase of object models relevant for the task at hand, obtained by semantic reasoning, which improves recognition by reducing computation and the false positive rate; 2) the sharing of semantic maps between robots; and 3) software as a service to externalize in the cloud the more intensive mapping computations, while meeting the mandatory hard real time constraints of the robot. To demonstrate the RoboEarth cloud mapping system, we investigate two action recipes that embody semantic map building in a simple mobile robot. The first recipe enables semantic map building for a novel environment while exploiting available prior information about the environment. The second recipe searches for a novel object, with the efficiency boosted thanks to the reasoning on a semantically annotated map. Our experimental results demonstrate that, by using RoboEarth cloud services, a simple robot can reliably and efficiently build the semantic maps needed to perform its quotidian tasks. In addition, we show the synergetic relation of the SLAM map of objects that grounds the terminological knowledge coded in the ontology.
ATM and ATR: Sensing DNA damage (2004)

Cellular response to genotoxic stress is a very complex process, and it usually starts with the "sensing" or "detection" of the DNA damage, followed by a series of events that include signal transduction and activation of transcription factors. The activated transcription factors induce expressions of many genes which are involved in cellular functions such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. There have been extensive studies from multiple disciplines exploring the mechanisms of cellular genotoxic responses, which have resulted in the identification of many cellular components involved in this process, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascade. Although the initial activation of protein kinase cascade is not fully understood, human protein kinases ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia, mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) are emerging as potential sensors of DNA damage. Current progresses in ATM/ATR research and related signaling pathways are discussed in this review, in an effort to facilitate a better understanding of genotoxic stress response.