gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Sensors Based on Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (1994)

Research into noninvasive devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose is mainly based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Such a device is particularly desirable in the intensive therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus to achieve optimal metabolic control through frequent glucose testing. The state of noninvasive assay technology is presented. Using diffuse reflectance spectra of mucous lip tissue has advantages and drawbacks compared with tissue transmittance experiments. Different approaches have been proposed in the patent literature; however, current technology requires further significant improvements, particularly within the lower normal and hypoglycemic glucose concentration ranges.
Successful Application of Drilling Technology Extends Directional Capability (1989)

Summary This paper presents an operational overview of the application of measurement-while-drilling (MWD) directional equipment, polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bits, a top-drive drilling system (TDS), and low-toxicity oil-based-mud (LTOBM) technology for cost reductions in the drilling of long-reach directional wells in the South China Sea offshore Malaysia. Guidelines are provided for improved hole cleaning, for monitoring oil mud properties, and for drillstem tripping practices to minimize hole problems and costly stuck-pipe incidents.
Electroanalgesia: Its Role in Acute and Chronic Pain Management (2001)

Implications Interest in nonpharmacologic alternatives to conventional analgesic drugs for the management of acute and chronic pain has lead to an evaluation of the use of electroanalgesic therapies.
Phase-sensitive swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging of the human retina with a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser light source (2013)

Despite the challenges in achieving high phase stability, Doppler swept-source/Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has advantages of less fringe washout and faster imaging speeds compared to spectral/Fourier-domain detection. This Letter demonstrates swept-source OCT with a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser light source at 400 kHz sweep rate for phase-sensitive Doppler imaging, measuring pulsatile total retinal blood flow with high sensitivity and phase stability. A robust, simple, and computationally efficient phase stabilization approach for phase-sensitive swept-source imaging is also presented.
The effect of TGF-β1 on immune responses of naïve versus memory CD4+ Th1/Th2 T cells (2000)

The role of TGF-beta1 in the regulation of T cell responses has been perplexing, possibly because it is dependent on the type of T cell being regulated and its cytokine microenvironment. In the present study, we demonstrate that TGF-beta1 has a profound inhibitory effect on naive CD4+ T cell undergoing differentiation under defined neutral, Th1 and Th2 priming conditions. In addition, we show that if CD4+ T cells are primed in the presence of TGF-beta1, they exhibit reduced secondary anti-CD3/anti-CD28-induced and antigen-specific immune responses (even when TGF-beta is absent during the secondary response), which is not due to reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules or to inadequate IL-2 production. Finally, with respect to the effect of TGF-beta on fully differentiated antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells, we demonstrate that while antigen-specific activation and cytokine secretion by memory Th1 T cells is inhibited by TGF-beta1, such inhibition is associated with partial down-regulation of IL-12 receptor beta2 chain expression. In contrast, memory Th2 T cells are not subject to TGF-beta1 -mediated suppression. In summary, these studies reveal that TGF-beta1 is a powerful negative regulator of the primary immune response of CD4+ T cells, but only Th1 T cells are subject to such regulation after the memory stage of T cell differentiation has been reached. Thus, these studies define the potential regulatory role of TGF-beta1 in Th1 and Th2 T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
The Diagnostic Value of Intracompartmental Pressure Measurement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (2005)

This study validates the sensitivity of near-infrared spectroscopy and provides estimates for the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a large group of patients. The sensitivity of noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy is clinically equivalent to that of invasive intracompartmental pressure measurements.
Effects of Once-Weekly Sustained-Release Growth Hormone: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (2011)

Weekly GH replacement with the sustained-release preparation LB03002 in adults significantly reduced FM over 6 months and was well tolerated.
Heuristic thinking makes a chemist smart (2009)

We focus on the virtually neglected use of heuristic principles in understanding and teaching of organic chemistry. As human thinking is not comparable to computer systems employing factual knowledge and algorithms--people rarely make decisions through careful considerations of every possible event and its probability, risks or usefulness--research in science and teaching must include psychological aspects of the human decision making processes. Intuitive analogical and associative reasoning and the ability to categorize unexpected findings typically demonstrated by experienced chemists should be made accessible to young learners through heuristic concepts. The psychology of cognition defines heuristics as strategies that guide human problem-solving and deciding procedures, for example with patterns, analogies, or prototypes. Since research in the field of artificial intelligence and current studies in the psychology of cognition have provided evidence for the usefulness of heuristics in discovery, the status of heuristics has grown into something useful and teachable. In this tutorial review, we present a heuristic analysis of a familiar fundamental process in organic chemistry--the cyclic six-electron case, and we show that this approach leads to a more conceptual insight in understanding, as well as in teaching and learning.
Zonisamide in the Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder (2004)

Zonisamide was effective in reducing binge-eating frequency, severity of illness, and weight and was generally well tolerated in an open trial of binge-eating disorder. Controlled trials appear warranted.
Polymerization Catalysts with Cyclopentadienyl Ligands Ring-Fused to Pyrrole and Thiophene Heterocycles (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPolymerization Catalysts with Cyclopentadienyl Ligands Ring-Fused to Pyrrole and Thiophene HeterocyclesJohn A. Ewen, Robert L. Jones, Michael J. Elder, Arnold L. Rheingold, and Louise M. Liable-SandsView Author Information Catalyst Research Corporation, 14311 Golf View Trail Houston, Texas 77059 Montell USA Inc., Elkton Research and Development Center, 912 Appleton Road Elkton, Maryland 21921 Department of Chemistry, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 41, 10786–10787Publication Date (Web):October 7, 1998Publication History Received3 July 1998Published online7 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9823215Copyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views751Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (61 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ligands,Molecular structure,Polymerization,Sandwich compounds Get e-Alerts
A Direct Amine‐Palladium Acetate Cocatalyzed Saegusa Oxidation Reaction of Unmodified Aldehydes to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (2009)

Abstract magnified image A direct preparation of synthetically useful α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes from readily available aldehydes has been developed. The process is effectively cocatalyzed by an amine‐palladium acetate to give rise to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in moderate to good yields (41–62%). The reaction features the use of unmodified aldehydes rather than enol silyl ethers, which are used in a typical Saegusa oxidation reaction.
Embedded Model Control Application to Drag-Free and Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (2006)

This paper describes the realization of a generic simulator for formation flying satellites, and the design and application of embedded model control (EMC) to the spacecraft control, as potentially applicable to a constellation of drag-free satellites. They can be employed for scientific purposes: it is presented the satellite-satellite interferometry mission for the measurement of the Earth's gravitational field harmonics, which follow the incoming gravimetric mission GOCE and the gravitational wave observatory LISA. The core drag-free controller (DFC) was partly validated by preliminary design review of GOCE mission, and particular emphasize is given to the acceleration observer and to the command computation law. The measurement model and mission requirements are also presented, followed by the simulation results of the DFC, tuned ad-hoc in order to obtain accurate aiming target
Room temperature synthesis of PbSe quantum dots in aqueous solution: stabilization by interactions with ligands (2012)

An aqueous route of synthesis is described for rapid synthesis of lead selenide quantum dots (PbSe QDs) at room temperature in an attempt to produce water-soluble and stable nanocrystals. Several thiol-ligands, including thioglycolic acid (TGA), thioglycerol (TGC), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), 2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride (MEA), 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA), and l-cysteine (l-cys), were used for capping/stabilization of PbSe QDs. The effects of the ligands on the stability of PbSe QDs were evaluated for a period of two months at room temperature under normal light conditions and at 4 °C in the dark. The TGA- and MEA-capped QDs exhibited the highest stability prior to purification, almost two months when kept in the dark at 4 °C. However, the stability of TGA-capped QDs was reduced substantially after purification to about 5 days under the same conditions, while MEA-capped QDs did not show any significant instability. The stabilization energies of Pb-thiolate complexes determined by theoretical DFT simulations supported the experimental results. The PbSe QDs capped with TGA, MPA and MEA were successfully purified and re-dispersed in water, while those stabilized with TGC, MHA and l-cys aggregated during purification attempts. The purified PbSe QDs possess very susceptible surface resulting in poor stability for about 30-45 min after re-dispersion in water. In the presence of an excess of free ligand, the stability increased up to 5 days for TGA-capped QDs at pH 7.19, 9-12 days for MPA-capped QDs at pH 7.3-7.5 and 45-47 days for MEA-capped QDs at pH 7.35. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the QDs possess a cubic rock salt structure with the most intense peaks located at 2θ = 25.3° (200) and 2θ = 29.2° (100). TEM images showed that the size of the QDs ranges between 5 and 10 nm. ICP-MS results revealed that Pb : Se ratios were 1.26, 1.28, 3.85, 1.18, and 1.31 for the QDs capped with TGA, MPA, MEA, l-cys, and TGC, respectively. The proposed method is inexpensive, simple and utilizes environmentally friendly chemicals and solvents.
Interaction of nuclear proteins with an AP-1/CRE-like promoter sequence in the human TNF-α gene (1994)

The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter contains an AP-1/CRE-like binding site, TGAGCTCA. AP-1 elements generally transduce signals involving protein kinase C; the CRE site mediates a cAMP response, involving protein kinase A. Thus, this element has the potential to receive signals through divergent signaling pathways. Nuclear protein binding studies using extracts from THP-1 monocytic cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which stimulates, or dexamethasone (Dex) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibit TNF production, respectively, suggest that two low-mobility complexes could be involved in regulation through this promoter region. PTX and Dex increase binding of both these complexes compared with untreated cells; approximately 2 hours after LPS induction, the upper complex becomes undetectable. This upper complex is composed of ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2, a cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein) homodimers; the lower is a heterodimer of jun/ATF2. LPS induces c-jun and thus may enhance formation of jun/ATF2 complexes, which could be activating complexes. In this case, the simultaneous presence of both complexes, which would occur in the presence of Dex or PTX, could reduce the amount of TNF transcription through competitive binding. Through in vitro competitive binding studies comparing the binding affinities of the TNF promoter sequence and a consensus CRE, we further suggest how variation of endogenous binding sequences from consensus may be an important property for regulatory control of particular genes.
A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet (1999)

This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of MiMaze, a distributed multiplayer game on the Internet, and, more precisely, it describes the design of dedicated transmission control mechanisms. MiMaze is implemented on a completely distributed communication architecture based on the IP multicast protocol suite (RTP/UDP/IP). This is the first work to analyze a distributed interactive game on the multicast Internet. The major element of the MiMaze architecture is a distributed synchronization mechanism that guarantees the consistency of the game regardless of network delay. This article provides on evaluation of the MiMaze game on the MBone, and discusses approaches to monitor and evaluate this new type of application. The main contribution of this work is to show, based on on example, the feasibility of this new family of applications on a best-effort network. It is shown that real-time interactivity can be maintained, provided that some level of inconsistency can be tolerated by the application. This work also highlights the role of multicast as an enabling technology for a real-time Internet.
Modeling photocurrent action spectra of photovoltaic devices based on organic thin films (1999)

We have modeled experimental short-circuit photocurrent action spectra of poly(3-(4′-(1″,4″,7″-trioxaoctyl)phenyl)thiophene) (PEOPT)/fullerene (C60) thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Modeling was based on the assumption that the photocurrent generation process is the result of the creation and diffusion of photogenerated species (excitons), which are dissociated by charge transfer at the PEOPT/C60 interface. The internal optical electric field distribution inside the devices was calculated with the use of complex indices of refraction and layer thickness of the materials as determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Contributions to the photocurrent from optical absorption in polymer and fullerene layers were both necessary to model the experimental photocurrent action spectra. We obtained values for the exciton diffusion range of 4.7 and 7.7 nm for PEOPT and C60, respectively. The calculated internal optical electric field distribution and resulting photocurrent action spectra were used in order to study the influence of the geometrical structure with respect to the efficiency of the thin film devices. In this way the photocurrent was optimized.
Enzymic aldol condensation/isomerization as a route to unusual sugar derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic aldol condensation/isomerization as a route to unusual sugar derivativesJ. Robert. Durrwachter, Dale G. Drueckhammer, Kenji. Nozaki, H. Marcel. Sweers, and Chi Huey. WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 24, 7812–7818Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00284a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00284a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views929Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of dexamethasone dosage in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists for prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (1999)

Dexamethasone (20 mg) or its equivalent in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists appears to be the gold-standard dose for antiemetic prophylaxis. Additional to concerns about the use of corticosteroids with respect to enhanced tumour growth or impaired killing of the tumour cells, there is evidence that high-dosage dexamethasone impairs the control of delayed nausea and emesis, whereas lower doses appear more beneficial. To come closer to the most adequate dose, we started a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial investigating additional dosage of 8 or 20 mg dexamethasone to tropisetron (Navoban), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy. After an interim analysis of 121 courses of chemotherapy in 69 patients, we have been unable to detect major differences between both treatment alternatives. High-dose dexamethasone (20 mg) had no advantage over medium-dose dexamethasone with respect to objective and subjective parameters of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. In relation to concerns about the use of corticosteroids in non-haematological cancer chemotherapy, we suggest that 8 mg or its equivalent should be used in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists until further research proves otherwise.
A voice activity detector employing soft decision based noise spectrum adaptation (2002)

In this paper, a voice activity detector (VAD) for variable rate speech coding is decomposed into two parts, a decision rule and a background noise statistic estimator, which are analysed separately by applying a statistical model. A robust decision rule is derived from the generalized likelihood ratio test by assuming that the noise statistics are known a priori. To estimate the time-varying noise statistics, allowing for the occasional presence of the speech signal, a novel noise spectrum adaptation algorithm using the soft decision information of the proposed decision rule is developed. The algorithm is robust, especially for the time-varying noise such as babble noise.
Fabrication of silver nanowire transparent electrodes at room temperature (2011)

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) surrounded by insulating poly(vinylpyrrolidone) have been synthesized by a polyol process and employed as transparent electrodes. The AgNW transparent electrodes can be fabricated by heat-treatment at about 200 °C which forms connecting junctions between AgNWs. Such a heating process is, however, one of the drawbacks of the fabrication of AgNW electrodes on heat-sensitive substrates. Here it has been demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of AgNW electrodes can be improved by mechanical pressing at 25 MPa for 5 s at room temperature. This simple process results in a low sheet resistance of 8.6 Ω/square and a transparency of 80.0%, equivalent to the properties of the AgNW electrodes heated at 200 °C. This technique makes it possible to fabricate AgNW transparent electrodes on heat-sensitive substrates. The AgNW electrodes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) films exhibited high stability of their electrical conductivities against the repeated bending test. In addition, the surface roughness of the pressed AgNW electrodes is one-third of that of the heat-treated electrode because the AgNW junctions are mechanically compressed. As a result, an organic solar cell fabricated on the pressed AgNW electrodes exhibited a power conversion as much as those fabricated on indium tin oxide electrodes. These findings enable continuous roll-to-roll processing at room temperature, resulting in relatively simple, inexpensive, and scalable processing that is suitable for forthcoming technologies such as organic solar cells, flexible displays, and touch screens.
Effect of Chelation of the Lithium Cation on the Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using Organolithium Initiators (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Chelation of the Lithium Cation on the Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using Organolithium InitiatorsD. Baskaran, S. Chakrapani, and S. SivaramCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 22, 7315–7317Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00126a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts