gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL‐35 is a novel cytokine with therapeutic effects against collagen‐induced arthritis through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cells (2007)

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and the p35 subunit of IL-12 have been reported to form a heterodimeric hematopoietin in human and mouse. We have constructed a heterodimeric protein covalently linking EBI3 and p35, to form a novel cytokine which we now call IL-35. The Fc fusion protein of IL-35 induced proliferation of murine CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells when stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in vitro. The IL-35-expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell population expressed Foxp3 and produced elevated levels of IL-10, whereas the IL-35-induced CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4. The in vitro expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells retained their suppressive functions against CD4(+)CD25(-) effector cells. Furthermore, when cultured with soluble anti-CD3 antibody and antigen-presenting cells, IL-35 suppressed the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector cells. Moreover, IL-35 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. In vivo, IL-35 effectively attenuated established collagen-induced arthritis in mice, with concomitant suppression of IL-17 production but enhanced IFN-gamma synthesis. Thus, IL-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine suppressing the immune response through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cell development.
Repellency of Dried Bay Leaves (Lavrvs Nob1Us), Wrigley'S Spearmint Chewing Gum, Raw Osage Orange Fruit (Maclura Pomifera), and Extracts of Osage Orange Fruit to the German Cockroach, 1989 (1992)

Abstract A trial was conducted to assess the repellent properties of three materials and of crude hexane and methanol extracts of the fruit of the osage orange (extracts were tested individually and in combination). Pyrethrins were used as a standard for comparison. Topical toxicity of the osage orange extracts was also examined by applying 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 100 μg of the extracts, dissolved in acetone, to the abdominal venters of adult male cockroaches. The extracts were prepared by shaking 200 g masticated osage orange fruit with 200 ml hexane or methanol for 30 min. The extract and solvent were then filtered through Na2S04. Shaking and filtering were repeated three times. The solvent was evaporated from the resultant extracts via rotary evaporation. To evaluate repellency, a choice-box method was used. The choice box consisted of two clear, plastic chambers (9 × 8.5 × 2 cm), connected via 20 cm of 1-cm-diameter Tygon® tubing. Five adult male cockroaches (2 wk post-molt, wild strain maintained in the laboratory for 5 yr) were placed in each of the two chambers of each choice box for 24 h prior to the start of the experiment. Filter paper (5 cm, Whatman no. 5) bearing small fragments (&amp;lt; 0.5 cm2) of the materials, or treated with the extracts or pyrethrins, was then placed in one randomly chosen chamber of the choice box and untreated filter paper was placed in the other. Treatment concentrations were expressed as parts per million (ppm) based on μg of material added per unit (cm3) of the treated chamber. Treatments were replicated six (for bay leaves, chewing gum, osage orange fruit, and pyrethrins) or seven (for the hexane and methanol extracts) times. Locations of the cockroaches with respect to the treated chambers were then noted at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h following exposure. No food or water was supplied during the experiment and choice boxes were held under 12:12 L:D. Data were expressed as mean % repelled from treated chamber; these data were transformed prior to analysis to arcsin %. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test were used to detect and delineate treatment differences.
Excimer laser nanostructuring of nickel thin films for the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (2004)

Pulse laser ablation and subsequent laser nanostructuring at room temperature has been employed to produce nanostructured Ni on SiO2/Si substrates for catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes. The resultant nanostructured surface is seen to consist of nanometer sized hemispherical droplets whose mean diameter is controlled by the initial metal thickness, which in turn is readily controlled by the number of laser pulses. Vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotube mats were then grown using conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We show that within a single processing technique it is possible to produce the initial metal-on-oxide thin film to a chosen thickness but also to be able to alter the morphology of the film to desired specifications at low macroscopic temperatures using the laser parameters. The influence of the underlying oxide is also explored to explain the mechanism of nanostructuring of the Ni catalyst.
Glycerol kinase of Escherichia coli is activated by interaction with the glycerol facilitator (1993)

Glycerol transport is commonly cited as the only example of facilitated diffusion across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. Two proteins, the glycerol facilitator and glycerol kinase, are involved in the entry of external glycerol into cellular metabolism. The glycerol facilitator is thought to act as a carrier or to form a selective pore in the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas the kinase traps the glycerol inside the cell as sn-glycerol-3-phosphate. We found that the kinetics of glycerol uptake in a facilitator-minus strain are significantly different from the kinetics of glycerol uptake in the wild type. Free glycerol was not observed inside wild-type cells transporting glycerol, and diffusion of glycerol across the cytoplasmic membrane was not the rate-limiting step for phosphorylation in facilitator-minus mutants. Therefore, the kinetics of glycerol phosphorylation are different, depending on the presence or absence of the facilitator protein. We conclude that there is an interaction between the glycerol facilitator protein and glycerol kinase that stimulates kinase activity, analogous to the hexokinase- and glycerol kinase-porin interactions in mitochondria.
Expression of an Abelson murine leukemia virus-encoded protein in Escherichia coli causes extensive phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. (1982)

A segment of the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) genome was inserted into an Escherichia coli plasmid designed to allow the expression of the protein encoded by the viral gene. Bacteria expressing the A-MuLV-encoded protein were isolated; they had new phosphorylated proteins in which the phosphate was linked to tyrosine residues. These proteins included many that must be E. coli protein. One phosphotyrosine-containing protein of 62,000 molecular weight had reactivity with antiserum specific for authentic A-MuLV protein. The A-MuLV protein thus appears to be a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is active in E. coli.
Nitroxide-Based Macromolecular Contrast Agents with Unprecedented Transverse Relaxivity and Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors (2017)

Metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents could overcome the established toxicity associated with metal-based agents in some patient populations and enable new modes of functional MRI <i>in vivo</i>. Herein, we report nitroxide-functionalized brush-arm star polymer organic radical contrast agents (BASP-ORCAs) that overcome the low contrast and poor <i>in vivo</i> stability associated with nitroxide-based MRI contrast agents. As a consequence of their unique nanoarchitectures, BASP-ORCAs possess per-nitroxide transverse relaxivities up to ∼44-fold greater than common nitroxides, exceptional stability in highly reducing environments, and low toxicity. These features combine to provide for accumulation of a sufficient concentration of BASP-ORCA in murine subcutaneous tumors up to 20 h following systemic administration such that MRI contrast on par with metal-based agents is observed. BASP-ORCAs are, to our knowledge, the first nitroxide MRI contrast agents capable of tumor imaging over long time periods using clinical high-field <sup>1</sup>H MRI techniques.
Conflict detection and resolution for goal formation in the fractal manufacturing system (2005)

The fractal manufacturing system (FrMS) is based on the concept of autonomously cooperating agents referred to as fractals. A fractal is a set of self-similar agents whose goal can be achieved through cooperation, coordination, and negotiation among the agents for themselves. A fractal has fractal-specific characteristics (e.g. self-similarity, self-organization, self-optimization, goal-orientation, and dynamics), and it also has the characteristics of an agent (e.g. autonomy, mobility, intelligence, cooperation, and adaptability) at the same time. In the FrMS, a goal can be regarded as the status which the system aspires to be in. The goal-formation process (GFP) in the FrMS is a process of generating goals and modifying them by coordination between agents. In the GFP, conflicts may occur between goals, which can drive a system to become inefficient. In this paper, a conflict resolution mechanism via agent-based negotiation is proposed for facilitating the GFP. The scheme deals with non-fixed goals. The mobile agent-based negotiation process (MANPro), in which a mobile agent is used for information-exchanging and problem-solving, is used for negotiations in this scheme. The proposed mechanism is illustrated with a goal formation scenario in an exemplary FrMS.
The prognostic and predictive value of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members in breast cancer: a study in primary tumors of high-risk early breast cancer patients participating in a randomized Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group trial (2012)

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12611000506998.
[Surgical effect of malignant tumor of body and tail of the pancreas: compare with pancreatic head cancer]. (2007)

The predominant problem is distant metastasis (especially liver metastasis) in the malignant tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas in comparison with pancreatic head cancer. Resection of the body and tail could not increase postoperative survival if metastasis exists. The major way to improve the prognosis is to prevent and manage the distant metastasis.
Laser two-photon excited fluorescence detection for high pressure liquid chromatography (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser two-photon excited fluorescence detection for high pressure liquid chromatographyMichael J. Sepaniak and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 11, 1554–1556Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50019a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50019a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Manufacturing aspects of an ultra-thin chip technology (2012)

Ultra-thin silicon (Si) chips fabricated using the recently developed Chipfilm™ technology feature three distinct manufacturing issues, which are discussed in this paper. In Chipfilm™ technology a thin Si membrane is firmly attached to a conventional bulk Si wafer by vertical Si micro-anchors which, however, in the end are controllably fractured to make the thin chips detachable. The associated mechanical stability window is widened by adjusting the arrangement of the micro-anchors, so that chip detachment yields exceeding 99% are achieved. Another not yet reported issue relates to the process temperature and temperature uniformity within the membrane areas, which are thermally connected to the bulk substrate only by the anchors and at the chip edges during processing. Using rapid thermal oxidation and the local oxide thickness as a temperature monitor an on-chip oxide thickness variation of ±3% is determined. Finally, the inherent deformation (warpage) of free-standing ultra-thin chips due to internal stresses is analyzed and their surface height variation is reduced to only ±4 μm using stress compensation techniques.
Hemorrhage and risk of further hemorrhagic strokes following cerebral revascularization in Moyamoya disease: A review of the literature (2012)

The published cases and series of MMD treatment do show a risk of hemorrhage after treatment with either direct or indirect bypass both in the immediate as well as long-term future. While there are no discernible patterns in the rate of these hemorrhages, there is Class III evidence for the predictive effect of multiple microbleeds on preoperative imaging. Also, whereas revascularization, both direct and indirect, has been shown to reduce ischemic complications from MMD, there is not an association with the risk of hemorrhage after the procedure. Further studies need to be performed to help evaluate what the risk factors are and how to counsel patients as to the long-term outlook of this disease process.
Fatty acid amides. IV. Reaction of fats with ammonia and amines (1952)

Summary Conditions have been worked out for the quantitative conversion of oleo oil, olive oil, castor oil, and tobacco seed oil to amides and glycerol by reaction with liquid ammonia under pressure. Similarly methyl oleate has been converted to oleamide in excellent yield. The reaction of aqueous ammonia with methyl oleate, however, gives a maximum yield of isolated oleamide of only 50%, apparently because of competition between hydrolytic and ammonolytic reactions. N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐ and N‐( n ‐dodecyl) amides have also been prepared by the reaction of oleo oil with monoethanolamine and n ‐dodecylamine, respectively, at atmospheric pressure. Particularly significant is the quantitative conversion of oleo oil to N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) amides by refluxing with monoethanolamine for only 15 minutes. The conversion to N‐( n ‐dodecyl) amides however required three hours heating at 230° C. with n ‐dodecylamine, and conversion to unsubstituted amides required six hours heating at 170°C. under pressure with liquid ammonia. Crystallization of the amides obtained from the various fats yielded oleamide (purity, 92%) from olive oil, ricinoleamide (purity, &gt;95%) from castor oil, and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) oleamide (purity, 90%) from oleo oil. Little fractionation was accomplished with the amides of tobacco seed oil however. In the fractionation of the unsubstituted and N‐( n ‐dodecyl) amides from oleo oil, fractions which were predominantly saturated and monounsaturated were obtained readily, but no greater purification could be effected by recrystallization. Unsubstituted and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) amides were readily converted to the corresponding free acids by refluxing for two hours with constant boiling (approximately 20%) aqueous hydrochloric acid.
Genetic programming - An Introduction: On the Automatic Evolution of Computer Programs and Its Applications (1998)

1 Genetic Programming as Machine Learning 2 Genetic Programming and Biology 3 Computer Science and Mathematical Basics 4 Genetic Programming as Evolutionary Computation 5 Basic ConceptsThe Foundation 6 CrossoverThe Center of the Storm 7 Genetic Programming and Emergent Order 8 AnalysisImproving Genetic Programming with Statistics 9 Different Varieties of Genetic Programming 10 Advanced Genetic Programming 11 ImplementationMaking Genetic Programming Work 12 Applications of Genetic Programming 13 Summary and Perspectives A Printed and Recorded Resources B Information Available on the Internet C GP Software D Events
Deoxyhypusine Synthase from Tobacco (1999)

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the formation of a deoxyhypusine residue in the translation eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) precursor protein by transferring an aminobutyl moiety from spermidine onto a conserved lysine residue within the eIF5A polypeptide chain. This reaction commences the activation of the initiation factor in fungi and vertebrates. A mechanistically identical reaction is known in the biosynthetic pathway leading to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plants. Deoxyhypusine synthase from tobacco was cloned and expressed in active form in Escherichia coli. It catalyzes the formation of a deoxyhypusine residue in the tobacco eIF5A substrate as shown by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. The enzyme also accepts free putrescine as the aminobutyl acceptor, instead of lysine bound in the eIF5A polypeptide chain, yielding homospermidine. Conversely, it accepts homospermidine instead of spermidine as the aminobutyl donor, whereby the reactions with putrescine and homospermidine proceed at the same rate as those involving the authentic substrates. The conversion of deoxyhypusine synthase-catalyzed eIF5A deoxyhypusinylation pinpoints a function for spermidine in plant metabolism. Furthermore, and quite unexpectedly, the substrate spectrum of deoxyhypusine synthase hints at a biochemical basis behind the sparse and skew occurrence of both homospermidine and its pyrrolizidine derivatives across distantly related plant taxa.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of digestive cancers at sites other than the large bowel. (2000)

Regular continuing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been associated with a reduction in risk of large bowel cancer in many studies, including our Case-Control Surveillance Study of medication use and cancer risk. We assessed the relation of NSAID use to the risk of digestive cancers at sites other than the large bowel in this database. Nurse-interviewers administered questionnaires to patients admitted to hospitals in four centers from 1977 to 1998. Cases comprised 1149 patients with cancers of the pancreas (n = 504), stomach (n = 254), esophagus (n = 215), gallbladder (n = 125), or liver (n = 51). Controls were 5952 patients admitted for trauma or acute infection. History of NSAID use was elicited by questions about indications for use. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for categories of regular NSAID use (at least 4 days/week for at least 3 months) relative to never use. The OR for regular use initiated at least 1 year before admission and continuing into that year was reduced for stomach cancer (OR = 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.6) and was compatible with 1.0 for other sites. The ORs for regular continuing use of at least 5 years duration were < 1.0 for cancers of the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, and gallbladder but were statistically significant only for stomach cancer. These data suggest that regular continuing NSAID use may be associated with reduced risk of stomach cancer. For the other sites, the data are consistent with no effect of NSAID use.
Ray tracing complex models containing surface tessellations (1987)

An approach to ray tracing complex models containing mathematically defined surfaces is presented. Parametric and implicit surfaces, and boolean combinations of these, are first tessellated into triangles. The resulting triangles from many such surfaces are organized in a hierachy of lists and 3D grids, allowing efficient calculation of ray/model intersections.The technique has been used to ray trace models containing billions of traiangles and surfaces never before ray traced. The organizing scheme developed is also independently useful for efficiently ray tracing any complex model, whether or not it contains surface tessellations.
Oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidates (P-NH2): synthesis and thermal stability of duplexes with DNA and RNA targets (1996)

Syntheses of non ionic oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidates (P-NH2) and mixed phosphoramidate- phosphodiester oligomers were accomplished on automated solid supported DNA synthesizer using both H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite chemistries, in combination with t-butylphenoxyacetyl for N-protection of nucleoside bases, an oxalyl anchored solid support and a final treatment with methanolic ammonia. Thermal stabilities of the hybrids formed between these new analogues and their DNA and RNA complementary strands were determined and compared with those of the corresponding unmodified oligonucleotides, as well as of the phosphorothioate and methylphosphonate derivatives. Dodecathymidines containing P-NH2 links form less stable duplexes with DNA targets, d(C2A12C2) (deltaTm/modification -1.4 degrees C) and poly dA (deltaTm/modification -1.1 degrees C) than the corresponding phosphodiester and methylphosphonate analogues, but the hybrids are slightly more stable than the one obtained with phosphorothioate derivative. The destabilization is more pronounced with poly rA as the target (deltaTm/modification -3 degrees C) and could be compared with that found with the dodecathymidine methylphosphonate. The modification is less destabilizing in an heteropolymer-RNA duplex (deltaTm/modification -2 degrees C). As expected, the P-NH2 modifications are highly resistant towards the action of various nucleases. It is also demonstrated that an all P-NH2 oligothymidine does not elicit Escherichia coli RNase H hydrolysis of the poly rA target but that the modification may be exploited in chimeric oligonucleotides combining P-NH2 sections with a central phosphodiester section.
Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type II Receptor Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease with a relentless course toward heart failure and ultimately death [1-3]. Although existing therapies improve patients’ quality of life and symptoms, none of the currently approved therapies can reverse the disease or significantly reduce mortality. The treatment is also extremely expensive and often associated with side effects. As such, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms and pathology of PAH is important to support more effective therapeutic target identification.
Multispectral/hyperspectral image enhancement for biological cell analysis (2006)

ICA image enhancement can aid processing of datacubes of cellular data by clarifying subtle image elements. These parallelizable algorithms can be implemented for real-time, online analysis.