gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevating Blood Pressure as a Strategy to Increase Tumor-targeted Delivery of Macromolecular Drug SMANCS: Cases of Advanced Solid Tumors (2009)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the improved method of arterial infusion therapy of SMANCS (SX) with lipiodol under the angiotensin-induced hypertensive state for various difficult-to-treat solid tumors. Most patients were unresectable with no other therapeutic options, recurrence after resection, or patients do not respond to common treatments. The new method utilizes angiotensin II (AT) to induce hypertension (e.g. approximately 15-30 mmHg above norm) for 15-20 min. This method was successfully applied to metastatic liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, massive renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic and other abdominal solid cancers. This AT-induced hypertension resulted in remarkably enhanced tumor delivery accompanied by improved therapeutic response, and a shorter time to achieve 50% regression of tumor size with least toxicity. We demonstrated clinically herein improved therapy for various advanced solid tumors with SX by elevating the tumor blood flow selectively. This is the first clinical proof that modulations of vascular pathophysiology can uniquely accomplish enhanced tumor selective delivery of polymeric drugs and thus yielded better clinical outcome.
Microdermabrasion: Reappraisal and Brief Review of Literature (2006)

Reappraisal of this potentially useful procedure points toward a need for well-designed clinical trials and studies with a long follow-up based on objective assessment parameters.
Infrequent RAS oncogene mutations in human prostate cancer (1992)

The RAS gene family includes three functional genes, H-RAS, K-RAS, and N-RAS, which have been most widely studied in human tumors. Point mutations most commonly occurring at codons 12, 13, or 61 of these genes allow the RAS protooncogene to be converted to a RAS oncogene. A variety of human tumors have been studied for RAS mutations to date, however, conflicting data has been reported regarding prostate cancer. Cell line studies and two American studies of clinical material have found a low incidence of RAS mutation in prostate cancer. The few mutations found were predominantly in the H-RAS gene. Conversely, a recent study of Japanese occult autopsy specimens found an approximate 25% incidence of K-RAS mutations. In this current study, DNA was extracted from 24 archival paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed radical prostatectomy specimens. Twenty-one of the 24 cases had pathologic stage C disease, and paraffin blocks were selected having the most concentrated area of neoplasm. Twelve, seven, and five cases demonstrated moderate, well and poorly differentiated histologic grade respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the K-RAS, N-RAS, and H-RAS 12, 13, 61 codons of these specimens and mutations were detected with mutation-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization of southern and slot blots. No definite point mutations were detected. PCR's and hybridizations were performed three separate times by three investigators to confirm these results. PCR-generated mutation-specific positive controls and known negative controls were used and found to be important to interpret oligonucleotide hybridization assays. RAS gene mutations appear to be infrequent in clinical prostate carcinomas in American males.
X-inactivation–based clonality analysis and quantitative JAK2V617F assessment reveal a strong association between clonality and JAK2V617F in PV but not ET/MMM, and identifies a subset of JAK2V617F-negative ET and MMM patients with clonal hematopoiesis (2006)

The JAK2V617F mutation is present in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and in some patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myeloid metaplasia/myelofibrosis (MMM). We sought to investigate the relationship between granulocyte clonality and JAK2V617F allelic ratio. A total of 168 of 190 female patients were informative for a clonality assay at the HUMARA locus; 80% of MMM, 75% of PV, and 67% of ET patients demonstrated clonal granulopoiesis. The JAK2V617F allele was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 99% of PV, 72% of ET, and 39% of MMM. A correlation between clonality and JAK2V617F allelic ratio was demonstrated for PV (P < .001) but not for ET or MMM (both P > .6). These data suggest that acquisition of the JAK2V617F mutation may be sufficient for the development of PV, but additional genetic events are necessary in ET and MMM. In addition, some ET and MMM patients with clonal granulopoiesis have somatic mutations other than JAK2V617F.
Techniques to maximize communication traffic capacity in multi-beam satellite active phased array antennas for non-uniform traffic model (2002)

In multibeam satellite applications with frequency and polarization reuse a main challenge is to serve a high-density communication traffic region on the ground without interfering with beams at the same frequency. If the antenna is implemented as an active phased array, the challenge increases even more when the aperture has uniform amplitude excitation, which may be required for deployed arrays for thermal and efficiency reasons. Also, when all the communication channels share the same elemental amplifiers, intermodulation interference needs to be kept under control. This paper discusses these problems, and presents techniques to improve communication traffic capacity.
Is Prowse's Rectum a Grave?: Jouissance, Reparative Transnationalism and Patrick White's The Twyborn Affair (2016)

This paper argues that the depiction of the character Don Prowse in Patrick White’s The Twyborn Affair offers itself as a space of libidinal investment, and in doing so offers readers of this text an opportunity to re-engage with Australia’s nationalist literary tradition. The hyper-masculine Prowse stands as an emblem of Australia’s cultural heritage, as a link to the ubiquitous bushman of the ubiquitous 1890s. But what does it mean when this character, and by extension this literary tradition, are overtly sexualised, when they become desired and objectified by a desiring reader? &#13;\nWithout erasing the prevalent misogyny and homophobia that attend Australia’s literary past, this paper nevertheless seeks to inaugurate a reparative reading of this past, a reading which disavows a hermeneutics of suspicion in favour of a reparative position which takes jouissance as a potential expression of attachment, desire, even love. Utilising the psychoanalytic frameworks of Eve Sedgwick and Leo Bersani, this paper articulates a new rhetoric of belonging and explores the ramifications of a queer theoretical standpoint in reanimating the relations between self, text, the nation state and the globe.
P1–232: Is low blood pressure a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly? (2006)

Midlife high blood pressure has been linked to late–life dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, a few longitudinal studies have indicated that low blood pressure in late–life may be related to an elevated risk of dementias. As blood pressure might be affected in years before dementia is clinically manifested, the temporal relation of low blood pressure to dementia has been questioned due to relatively short follow–up time in some longitudinal studies. We sought to demonstrate that low blood pressure in very old adults is a risk factor of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. We followed a community–based dementia–free cohort (n = 422) aged over 80 years within the Kungsholmen project to detect incident dementia cases using the DSM–III–R diagnostic criteria. Arterial blood pressure was measured nine years before dementia assessments. Data were analyzed with multiple Cox proportional hazards models by taking into account major potential confounders. During the total number of 954 person–years of follow–up, dementia was diagnosed in 89 subjects, including 72 with Alzheimer's disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that low diastolic pressure (<70 versus 70–94 mm Hg) was associated with an over double–increased risk for dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–4.66) and for Alzheimer's disease (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.01–4.79). High systolic pressure (i.e., ≥160 versus 130–159 mm Hg) or high diastolic pressure (i.e., ≥95 versus 70–94 mm Hg) was not significantly associated with the risk of dementias (the estimated HR was close to 1.0). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed marked decline over around three years before dementia–onset. Low diastolic pressure in late–life is a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Blood pressure may start to decline in around three years before dementia can be clinically detected.
The effect of gamma irradiation on injectable human amnion collagen (1989)

The effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of injectable human amnion collagen was investigated. Pepsin-extracted human amnion collagen was purified, reconstituted, and irradiated with varying doses of gamma irradiation (0.25 Mrads to 2.5 Mrads). Gamma irradiation had a significant impact on the physical characteristics of the collagen. The neutral solubility of collagen in PBS at 45 degrees C was decreased from 100% for the nonirradiated control sample to 16% for the 2.5 Mrads irradiated sample. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of gamma irradiation on collagen cross-links. Electron microscopic observation revealed that even at low irradiation dose (0.25 Mrads), collagen fibril diameter increased. The average diameter was 50 nm for nonirradiated control fibrils, while 4.4 percent of the irradiated collagen fibrils had a diameter greater than 100 nm. Irradiated collagen showed little evidence of damage. Well-preserved cross-striations were found in collagen fibrils at all doses of irradiation. Native amnion collagen irradiated with gamma rays demonstrated a slight increase in resistance to collagenase degradation compared with nonirradiated native collagen samples. Increased resistance to collagenase did not correlate with increasing irradiation dose. After 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, both irradiated and nonirradiated collagen was completely digested by collagenase. However, gamma-irradiated collagen did become more sensitive to hydrolysis by trypsin. The higher the irradiation doses used, the greater sensitivity to trypsin was observed. At 0.25 Mrads irradiation only a slight increase was found. No marked differences in amino acid composition were noted among the high dose irradiated, low dose irradiated and control amnion collagen.
New Strategies for the Next Generation of Matrix-Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Selectively Targeting Membrane-Anchored MMPs with Therapeutic Antibodies (2010)

MMP intervention strategies have met with limited clinical success due to severe toxicities. In particular, treatment with broad-spectrum MMP-inhibitors (MMPIs) caused musculoskeletal pain and inflammation. Selectivity may be essential for realizing the clinical potential of MMPIs. Here we review discoveries pinpointing membrane-bound MMPs as mediators of mechanisms underlying cancer and inflammation and as possible therapeutic targets for prevention/treatment of these diseases. We discuss strategies to target these therapeutic proteases using highly selective inhibitory agents (i.e., human blocking antibodies) against individual membrane-bound MMPs.
Better Targeting, Better Efficiency for Wide-Scale Neuronal Transduction with the Synapsin Promoter and AAV-PHP.B (2016)

Widespread genetic modification of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) with a viral vector has become possible and increasingly more efficient. We previously applied an AAV9 vector with the cytomegalovirus/chicken beta-actin (CBA) hybrid promoter and achieved wide-scale CNS transduction in neonatal and adult rats. However, this method transduces a variety of tissues in addition to the CNS. Thus we studied intravenous AAV9 gene transfer with a synapsin promoter to better target the neurons. We noted in systematic comparisons that the synapsin promoter drives lower level expression than does the CBA promoter. The engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B serotype was compared with AAV9, and AAV-PHP.B did enhance the efficiency of expression. Combining the synapsin promoter with AAV-PHP.B could therefore be advantageous in terms of combining two refinements of targeting and efficiency. Wide-scale expression was used to model a disease with widespread pathology. Vectors encoding the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related protein transactive response DNA-binding protein, 43 kDa (TDP-43) with the synapsin promoter and AAV-PHP.B were used for efficient CNS-targeted TDP-43 expression. Intracerebroventricular injections were also explored to limit TDP-43 expression to the CNS. The neuron-selective promoter and the AAV-PHP.B enhanced gene transfer and ALS disease modeling in adult rats.
Study of cryostructuration of polymer systems. XIV. Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels: Apparent yield of the freeze–thaw‐induced gelation of concentrated aqueous solutions of the polymer (2000)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels, which are formed as a result of freeze–thaw treatment of concentrated solutions of the polymer, were studied in respect to the amount of gel and sol fractions in these heterogeneous macroporous gel materials depending on the conditions of the thawing step of similar cryotropic gelation. It was shown that the yield of gel fraction (the efficiency of the gelation process) was not quantitative; this was controlled by the initial PVA concentration in the solution to be frozen, and to a higher extent, by the thawing rate, when the yield increased with slowing of the defrostation process. The sol fraction could be extracted from the PVA cryogels by their rinsing with water at room temperature; the extraction of the sol was accompanied with the variations of the swelling parameters of the gels (initial slight upswelling and subsequent gradual deswelling), as well as with analogous, in their character, variations of the gel strength. It was also demonstrated that at the evaluation of the fusion enthalpies of PVA cryogels with the aid of the Eldridge–Ferry equation a consideration of the values of gel-fraction yield gave rise to the significantly higher ΔH values than in traditional cases commonly used for the thermoreversible gels, where such an yield was not taken into account. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1822–1831, 2000
Therapeutic efficacy of cardiosphere-derived cells in a transgenic mouse model of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (2014)

Cardiosphere-derived cells reverse fundamental abnormalities in cell signalling, prevent adverse remodelling, and improve survival in a mouse model of DCM. The ability to impact favourably on disease progression in non-ischaemic heart failure heralds new potential therapeutic applications of CDCs.
Heart Rate Turbulence and Death Due to cardiac decompensation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (2006)

In patients with mild-to-moderate HF, HRT slope is an independent predictor of death due to decompensated HF. HRT may have the potential to help tailor therapy in this patient group.
Surgery for Low Back Pain (2009)

Surgery for radiculopathy with herniated lumbar disc and symptomatic spinal stenosis is associated with short-term benefits compared to nonsurgical therapy, though benefits diminish with long-term follow-up in some trials. For nonradicular back pain with common degenerative changes, fusion is no more effective than intensive rehabilitation, but associated with small to moderate benefits compared to standard nonsurgical therapy.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of a lysine-specific permease fromPseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

The prokaryotic lysine-specific permease (LysP) belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) transporter superfamily. In the cell, members of this family are responsible for the uptake and recycling of nutrients, for the maintenance of a constant internal ion concentration and for cell volume regulation. The detailed mechanism of substrate selectivity and transport of L-lysine by LysP is not understood. A high-resolution crystal structure would enormously facilitate such an understanding. To this end, LysP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity by immobilized metal ion-affinity chromatography (IMAC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Hexagonal- and rod-shaped crystals were obtained in the presence of L-lysine and the L-lysine analogue L-4-thialysine by vapour diffusion and diffracted to 7.5 Å resolution. The diffraction data were indexed in space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 169.53, b = 169.53, c = 290.13 Å, γ = 120°.
The Relationships between the Effective Stresses and Water Content in Saturated Clays (1960)

Synopsis In the Paper the relationships between the effective stresses and the water content of remoulded saturated clays are discussed. It is shown that for normally consolidated specimens unique relationships between water content and the effective stresses are obtained, irrespective of whether drained or undrained tests are performed. For overconsolidated samples, having the same maximum consolidation pressure, unique relationships between the water content and the effective stresses are also found. These unique relationships provide a link between drained and undrained tests at all stages of the tests, and enable the results of one type of test to be predicted from the other. The use of a stress plane for presenting the results enables various phenomena encountered in shear strength and consolidation problems to be explained simply. Dans l'article sont discutees les relations entre les tensions efficaces et la teneur en eau d'argiles remaniees saturées. On y montre que pour des spécimens normalement consolidés des relations entre la teneur en eau et les tensions efficaces s'obtiennent, que les essais drainés ou à teneur constante soient faits ou non. Pour des échantillons surconsolidés, ayant la même pression de consolidation maximum, on trouve aussi des relations uniques entre la teneur en eau et les tensions efficaces. Ces relations uniques fournissent un lien entre les essais drainés et à teneur constante à toutes les étapes des essais et permettent de prévoir les résultats dun type d'essai grâce aux résultats d'un autre. L'emploi d'un plan de tension pour exposer les résultats permet l'explication simple des divers phénomènes rencontrés dans les problèmes de résistante au cisaillement et de consolidation.
Integrase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. (2008)

HIV-1 integrase catalyzes the insertion of HIV-1 DNA into the genome of the host cell and, therefore, represents a rational target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Raltegravir, marketed as Isentress, is the first integrase inhibitor to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV AIDS infection. This review briefly describes the successful medicinal chemistry efforts that culminated in the discovery of raltegravir, and highlights more recent progress that has been made in the field of HIV-1 integrase inhibition.
Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding alkaline phosphatase in human colon cancer cells. (1990)

We have isolated a set of complementary DNA (cDNA) clones that together encode the alkaline phosphatase of human colon cancer LS174T cells. These clones include two cDNAs isolated from a conventionally prepared oligodeoxythymidylate-primed lambda ZAP cDNA library and three cDNA clones prepared by using the polymerase chain reaction. The deduced amino acid sequence of the alkaline phosphatase primary transcript contains 532 amino acids. This enzyme is similar to, but not identical with, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP); it exhibits 12-19 amino acid substitutions when compared to the various alleles of PLAP. Also, it is similar to PLAP in that it is apparently attached to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol-containing anchor as judged by the ability of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C to release it from membranes. It is different from PLAP however, in terms of its signal sequence which only contains 19 amino acids as compared to 22 for PLAP. Moreover, the 3'-untranslated region of the LS174T cell alkaline phosphatase message diverges considerably from the PLAP message. The LS174T cell alkaline phosphatase cDNAs are actually much more similar to the "germ cell" alkaline phosphatase gene than they are to PLAP. Only 7 amino acid substitutions exist between the LS174T cell enzyme and the alkaline phosphatase encoded by the germ cell alkaline phosphatase genomic DNA clone isolated by Millan and Manes (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 3024-3028, 1988). Furthermore, the 3'-untranslated region of the LS174T cell alkaline phosphatase message is very similar to the sequence immediately downstream of the coding region of the germ cell alkaline phosphatase genomic DNA clone. Thus, these results indicate that this colon cancer cell alkaline phosphatase is likely to represent an allelic variant encoded at the germ cell alkaline phosphatase locus.
Detection of Lung Cancer by Sensor Array Analyses of Exhaled Breath (2005)

The exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer has distinct characteristics that can be identified with an electronic nose. The results provide feasibility to the concept of using the electronic nose for managing and detecting lung cancer.
Exosomal-like vesicles are present in human blood plasma (2005)

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (50-90 nm in diameter) secreted by most hematopoietic cells. We provide here the first evidence for the presence of exosomes in vivo, in the blood. Plasma samples of all healthy donors tested (n = 15) contain vesicles that are similar in shape, size and density to the previously described exosomes. They were clearly identified by electron microscopy after isolation by differential ultracentrifugation or immunoisolation with CD63-coated latex beads. We performed their biochemical characterization by western blot analysis and by flow cytometry after vesicle adsorption onto latex beads using a panel of mAbs. We observed that these plasma-derived vesicles contain tetraspanin molecules such as CD63, CD9, CD81 as well as class I and class II MHC molecules and Lamp-2 (i.e. proteins that are known to be enriched in exosomes). In addition, these vesicles float on sucrose gradient at a density similar to exosomes. Our results demonstrate that blood is a physiological fluid for exosome circulation in the body, suggesting their role in cell-cell or organ-organ communications as carriers for molecules that need to reach distant cell targets.
Methods to measure T-cell responses (2010)

A successful vaccine for immunotherapy, particularly for solid tumors or viral infections, requires a suitable target antigen and the production of a cytotoxic T-cell response. In addition, CD4 T cells play an important role in cellular immunity. Here, we briefly discuss methods by which T cells are measured in vitro after vaccination.
Morphology of nanostructured materials (2002)

Abstract Here we shall discuss the importance of grazing incidence X-ray scattering techniques in studying morphology of nanostructured materials confined in thin films and multilayers. In these studies, the shapes, sizes, and structures of nanostructured materials and their distribution in composites are investigated. These studies are important for understanding properties that may deviate considerably from the known bulk properties. We shall first outline basics of three X-ray scattering techniques, namely X-ray reflectivity, grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, and grazing incidence diffraction, used for these studies. We shall then demonstrate the utility of these techniques using some known results.