gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in Carcinomas of Various Sites (2004)

We studied immunohistochemical expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in 194 carcinomas of different primary sites to determine whether differential expression patterns could be used to distinguish different carcinomas. MUC1 was expressed by most (except adrenocortical and hepatocellular carcinomas). MUC2 was expressed infrequently (positive immunoreactivity primarily in tumors of gastrointestinal origin). MUC5AC was expressed by most pancreatic ductal and endocervical adenocarcinomas and a variable number of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A MUC1+/MUC2–/MUC5AC– immunophenotype was observed in most breast, lung, kidney, bladder, endometrial, and ovarian carcinomas; MUC1+/MUC2–/MUC5AC+ was characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. Adrenocortical and hepatocellular carcinomas were negative for all mucins. Carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin exhibited variable expression of each mucin examined and no consistent immunoreactivity pattern. Many carcinomas can exhibit distinct MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC expression patterns, which might be valuable diagnostically in specific settings (eg, distinguishing cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma or renal from adrenocortical carcinoma). However, the overlapping and heterogeneous patterns of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC expression observed in many tumors, particularly those of gastrointestinal origin, preclude use of these markers in the routine immunohistochemical assessment of carcinomas of an unknown primary site.
Fusing Images With Different Focuses Using Support Vector Machines (2004)

Many vision-related processing tasks, such as edge detection, image segmentation and stereo matching, can be performed more easily when all objects in the scene are in good focus. However, in practice, this may not be always feasible as optical lenses, especially those with long focal lengths, only have a limited depth of field. One common approach to recover an everywhere-in-focus image is to use wavelet-based image fusion. First, several source images with different focuses of the same scene are taken and processed with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Among these wavelet decompositions, the wavelet coefficient with the largest magnitude is selected at each pixel location. Finally, the fused image can be recovered by performing the inverse DWT. In this paper, we improve this fusion procedure by applying the discrete wavelet frame transform (DWFT) and the support vector machines (SVM). Unlike DWT, DWFT yields a translation-invariant signal representation. Using features extracted from the DWFT coefficients, a SVM is trained to select the source image that has the best focus at each pixel location, and the corresponding DWFT coefficients are then incorporated into the composite wavelet representation. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional approach both visually and quantitatively.
Uptake and Biocompatibility of Functionalized Poly(vinylalcohol) Coated Superparamagnetic Maghemite Nanoparticles by Synoviocytes In Vitro (2006)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were coated with either Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or Vinyl alcohol/vinyl amine copolymer and further functionalized with the fluorochromes Cy3.5 or Texas Red. A colloidally stable suspension of nanoparticles was incubated on sheep synovial cells in vitro for 3, 24, 72, and 120 hours. Nanoparticle internalization into synoviocytes as well as biocompatibility was visualized using light, fluorescence and confocal microscopy and fluorochrome labeled cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA factorial tests. Amino-PVA-SPION alone was detectable in cytoplasmic endosome-like structures after 3 hours of incubation but resulted in early cell death after 24 hours. Although amino-PVA-Cy3.5-SPION and PVA-TexasRed-SPION were taken up more slowly and less intensely, both labeled more than 80% of the cells in culture, but did not significantly change cell morphology or vitality at any time of evaluation in comparison to control cells. Results indicate that functionalized amino PVA-coated SPION are biocompatible, were successfully internalized by synoviocytes and hold promise for future biomedical applications utilizing magnetic drug targeting in joint disease.
Development and characterization of carbon nanotube processes for NRAM technology (2011)

NRAM technology, a non-volatile memory based on the use of carbon nanotubes, overcomes the limitations of other memory technology types (including traditional Flash), for sub-40nm nodes, and is currently developed in manufacturing fabs. The NRAM technology process flow involves the deposition of a film of carbon nanotubes onto silicon wafers at several of the critical layers (using spin coating techniques). In this paper, we present the key steps of the development and characterization of carbon nanotube processes applied to NRAM technology, focusing on specific deposition techniques, thickness control, and defectivity.
Ly-1 B cells: functionally distinct lymphocytes that secrete IgM autoantibodies. (1984)

Studies presented here introduce another perspective on the mechanisms responsible for IgM autoantibody production. A unique subpopulation of B lymphocytes (Ly-1 B) that concomitantly expresses IgM, IgD, Ia, and Ly-1 membrane glycoproteins is present at higher frequencies in NZB and NZB-related mice. The Ly-1 B subpopulation in these autoimmune animals is responsible for the "spontaneous" IgM secretion demonstrated with cultured NZB spleen cells and contains the cells that secrete typical NZB IgM autoantibodies to single-stranded DNA and to thymocytes. In addition, the Ly-1 B population in normal mouse strains (and in NZB) contains virtually all of the spleen cells that secrete IgM autoantibodies reactive with bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes. Since a different B-cell subpopulation (IgM+, IgD-, Ly-1) secretes most of the IgM antibodies produced in responses to exogenous antigens, we conclude that Ly-1 B cells constitute a functionally distinct B-cell population important in certain kinds of autoimmunity.
Thermooxidatively stable articulated benzobisoxazole and benzobisthiazole polymers (1986)

Abstract Articulated all‐para polymers with 2,6‐benzobisoxazole and 2,6‐benzobisthiazole units in the backbone weree synthesized by copolycondensation in polyphosphoric acid of 4,6‐diamino‐1,3‐benzenediol dihydrochloride and 2,5‐diamino‐1,4‐benzenedithiol dihydrochloride, respectively, with terephthalic acid and reactive 3,3′‐biphenyl or 4,4′‐(2,2′‐bipyridyl) monomers. Inherent viscosities of up to 13.18 dL/g (CH 3 SO 3 H, 25°C, 0.2 g/dL) were achieved. The average length of the rodlike all‐para segments between the relatively flexible biphenyl or bipyridyl units was controlled by the stoichiometry of the copolycondensation reactions. Dependent upon the solids content of the polymerization mixture and the mole proportion of the flexible units in the polymer backbone, copolycondensation proceeded in the liquid‐crystalline state to give polymerization mixtures which exhibited lower bulk viscosities than comparable copolycondensation reactions that remained in the isotropic state. Films which exhibited optical birefringence under crossed polars could be cast from methanesulfonic acid solutions of the polymers. Thermooxidative stability of the articulated polymers was evaluated by isothermal aging in air at 371°C. Stability for the polymers was found to decrease slightly with increased content of the flexible biphenyl structure in the polymer backbone. The biphenyl structure was found to be more thermooxidatively stable than the bipyridyl structure.
Emulating biology: Building nanostructures from the bottom up (2002)

The biological approach to nanotechnology has produced self-assembled objects, arrays and devices; likewise, it has achieved the recognition of inorganic systems and the control of their growth. Can these approaches now be integrated to produce useful systems?
Sequence requirements for processing of proinsulin in transfected mouse pituitary AtT20 cells (1992)

To investigate the sequence requirements for proteolytic processing of prohormones at pairs of basic amino acids, normal and mutant proinsulins were expressed in the mouse pituitary corticotrophic cell line AtT20. The extent of processing was determined by h.p.l.c. analysis of insulin-like immunoreactivity secreted into the media of transfected cells. In this model system, normal proinsulin was efficiently processed to insulin. The mutant des-38-62-proinsulin, in which all but six amino acids of the C-peptide were deleted, was also processed to insulin but less efficiently than the wild-type. The mutant Lys64-Arg65 to Thr64-Arg65 was partially processed to insulin, while the mutant Arg31-Arg32 to Arg31-Gly32 was not processed at either site. These results indicate: (i) that a six-amino-acid spacer between the two pairs of basic amino acids in proinsulin is sufficient to permit processing at both sites; (ii) that the endoproteinase responsible for cleavage at the Lys64-Arg65 site will also recognize Thr64-Arg65; (iii) that the endoproteinase responsible for cleavage at the Arg31-Arg32 site will not recognize Arg31-Gly32; and (iv) that the change Arg31-Arg32 to Arg31-Gly32 affects processing at the Lys64-Arg65 site.
Radioimmunotherapy of experimental pancreatic cancer with131I-labeled monoclonal antibody PAM4 (1997)

We examined the therapeutic efficacy of 131I-labeled murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) PAM4 against human pancreatic cancers carried as xenografts in athymic nude mice. Animals bearing the CaPan1 tumor (0.2 cm3) were either untreated or were given, 131I-labeled nonspecific Ag8 antibody. By week 7 mean tumor size had grown 16.5 +/- 8.4-fold and 4.2 +/- 2.5-fold for the untreated and 131I-Ag8-treated animals, respectively. In contrast, animals administered 131I-PAM4 exhibited marked regression of tumors to an average of 15% of initial tumor volume. Since most pancreatic cancer patients present with large tumor burdens, the limitation of 131I-PAM4 treatment with respect to initial tumor size was investigated in animals bearing tumors of approximately 0.5 cm3, 1.0 cm3 and 2.0 cm3. Significant extension of survival time (>3-fold increase) was noted for both the 0.5 cm3 and 1.0 cm3 131I-PAM4-treated groups, compared to their respective untreated controls. Even in the group bearing large 2.0-cm3 tumors, survival was increased 2-fold over the control group. To further improve anti-tumor effects in large tumors, 2 injections of 131I-PAM4 were administered at a 4-week interval to animals bearing tumors of approximately 1.0 cm3. Significant extended survival was noted for the group receiving 2 doses when compared to the group receiving only 1 dose.
Enhancing biocontrol agents and handling risks. (2001)

The increased relevance given to life and food quality, and environment preservation must be balanced with the need to produce enough food to sustain humanity. Food production without pest (weed, disease and insect) control is impossible. The environmental considerations as well as the evolution of pesticide resistances requires that chemical pest control be augmented and significantly supplanted by other procedures. Despite many promising results obtained using biological control agents, their utility is still quite limited, replacing only a small part of the market of chemical products. This is due to many reasons, such as difficulties to find new and suitable agents, technological limits in application, storage and formulation of organisms, environmental restrictions of application, costs of registering, producing and delivering biopesticides. The major reason though is that very few agents have the efficacy of traditional chemicals, yet typically costing more than chemical pesticides. The advent of biotechnologies and molecular biology has opened new perspectives in using microrganisms in biocontrol, by allowing improvements in the properties of biocontrol agents and their delivery. The potential new risks associated with the introduction of new genes and organisms must be adequately accessed, which is a recurring motif throughout the proposed programme. It is only if these issues are fully and transparently addressed can the necessary lines of communication be opened to the public. The book preserves, as the NATO workshop which generated it, a subject-oriented structure that could attract the interest of the scientific community working with different biological agents (fungi, bacteria, virus, nematodes, insects), on different targets (pathogens, insects, weeds). This multi-disciplinary approach (molecular biology, formulation, genetics, risk assessment, new technology, biochemistry, physiology) is necessary to design biocontrol agents with improved efficacy. It is hoped that by investing in this type of multi-disciplinary area that research will lead to new and improved agents that will be ready for use at about the time when the food supply becomes limiting, or when resistance to the few remaining conventional pesticides becomes a major limitation.
Tumor-associated expression of glycosphingolipid Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen in human cancers. (1984)

Expression of heterophile Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen on the cell surface of various human malignant tumor tissues was studied by membrane immunofluorescence staining with chicken antiserum against N-glycolylneuraminyllactosylceramide (HD3) and fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-chicken IgG. The HD antigen was demonstrated in samples from 38 of 77 (38/77, 49%) cases, consisting of gastric (9/16), breast (8/14), colorectal (3/12), nasopharyngeal (4/7), and uterine (2/3) carcinomas, leukemias (5/10), malignant lymphomas (2/5), and other cancers (5/10). Histological examination indicated that expression of the antigen by the gastric, colorectal and breast carcinomas and leukemias was not related to their histological types. The cytoplasm and the surface of the malignant glandular epithelial cells were both specifically stained by immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections in one colon adenocarcinoma. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were extracted from the colon cancer tissue and two HD antigen-active GSLs were detected on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) by enzyme-immunostaining using affinity-purified chicken anti-HD3 and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-chicken IgG. One migrated to the same position as HD3 on TLC, and the other to a position similar to that of authentic N-glycolylneuraminylneolactotetraosylceramide.
The Role Of Nerve Growth-Factor In Preventing Keratinocyte Apoptosis (1995)

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Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Treprostinil, a Prostacyclin Analogue, in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial (2002)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life-threatening disease for which continuous intravenous prostacyclin has proven to be effective. However, this treatment requires a permanent central venous catheter with the associated risk of serious complications such as sepsis, thromboembolism, or syncope. Treprostinil, a stable prostacyclin analogue, can be administered by a continuous subcutaneous infusion, avoiding these risks. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial in 470 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, either primary or associated with connective tissue disease or congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts. Exercise capacity improved with treprostinil and was unchanged with placebo; the between treatment group difference in median six-minute walking distance was 16 m (p = 0.006). Improvement in exercise capacity was greater in the sicker patients and was dose-related, but independent of disease etiology. Concomitantly, treprostinil significantly improved indices of dyspnea, signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension, and hemodynamics. The most common side effect attributed to treprostinil was infusion site pain (85%) leading to premature discontinuation from the study in 8% of patients. Three patients in the treprostinil treatment group presented with an episode of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We conclude that chronic subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil is an effective treatment with an acceptable safety profile in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Altered expression of NM23, a gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential, during adenovirus 2 Ela inhibition of experimental metastasis. (1988)

NM23, a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential, has been investigated in an experimental system in which metastasis is inhibited by the transfection of viral and cellular oncogenes. The experimental system utilizes transfection of the Adenovirus 2 Ela gene to inhibit metastasis: rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) transfected with c-Ha-ras were highly metastatic, while REF cotransfected with ras and Ela were virtually nonmetastatic. NM23 RNA levels were higher in three independently ras + Ela-cotransfected, low metastatic REF lines than in three independently ras-transfected, highly metastatic REF line. Differences in hybridizable NM23 RNA levels between the two groups of transfected cell lines ranged from 2- to 8-fold. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the relatively high NM23 RNA levels in low metastatic ras + Ela-cotransfected REF cells were not due to overexpression of the NM23 gene by a subpopulation of cells. Thus, the metastasis-inhibitory effect of the exogenously added Ela gene has been associated with increased activation of the cellular NM23 gene. This associated is particularly significant in light of the very few changes observed in translatable steady-state RNA levels between ras- and ras + Ela-transfected REF lines. The data identify NM23 as a candidate for a gene that suppresses the malignant state.
Flow Control: A Comparative Survey (1980)

Packet switching offers attractive advantages over the more eonventional circuit-switched scheme, namely, flexibility in setting up user connections and more efficient use of resources after the connection is established. However, if user demands are allowed to exceed the system capacity, unpleasant congestion effects occur which rapidly neutralize the delay and efficiency advantages. Congestion can be eliminated by using an appropriate set of traffic monitoring and control procedures called flow control procedures. Flow control can be exercised at various levels in a packet network. The following levels are identified and discussed in this paper: hop level, entry-to-exit level, network access level, and transport level. For each level, the most representative techniques are surveyed and compared. Furthermore, the interaction between the different levels is discussed.
A Sensitive and Reliable Locomotor Rating Scale for Open Field Testing in Rats (1995)

Behavioral assessment after spinal cord contusion has long focused on open field locomotion using modifications of a rating scale developed by Tarlov and Klinger (1954). However, on-going modifications by several groups have made interlaboratory comparison of locomotor outcome measures difficult. The purpose of the present study was to develop an efficient, expanded, and unambiguous locomotor rating scale to standardize locomotor outcome measures across laboratories. Adult rats (n = 85) were contused at T7-9 cord level with an electromagnetic or weight drop device. Locomotor behavior was evaluated before injury, on the first or second postoperative day, and then for up to 10 weeks. Scoring categories and attributes were identified, operationally defined, and ranked based on the observed sequence of locomotor recovery patterns. These categories formed the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale. The data indicate that the BBB scale is a valid and predictive measure of locomotor recovery able to distinguish behavioral outcomes due to different injuries and to predict anatomical alterations at the lesion center. Interrater reliability tests indicate that examiners with widely varying behavioral testing experience can apply the scale consistently and obtain similar scores. The BBB Locomotor Rating Scale offers investigators a more discriminating measure of behavioral outcome to evaluate treatments after spinal cord injury.
Non-Compliance with Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Is Common and Impairs Linear Growth (2011)

An objective assessment of compliance such as returned vials is much more reliable than compliance based on parental or patient based information. Non-compliance with GH treatment is common, and associated with reduced linear growth. Non-compliance should be considered in all patients with apparently suboptimal response to GH treatment.
Sympathetic Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Men in the Low, Normal, and High Blood Pressure Ranges (2006)

We hypothesized that resting blood pressure is related to sympathetic activity in young men who are unaware of their blood pressure status in high, normal, and low ranges and that there is a relationship between sympathetic activity and coronary risk factors. Forty-three healthy, young men from the 1st [group 1, 106/52±2/2 mm Hg (±SEM), n=15], 50th (group 2, 129/79±2/1 mm Hg, n=15), and 98th to 99th percentile (group 3, 166/97±3/1 mm Hg, n=13) at a blood pressure screening were studied with intraarterial blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial plasma catecholamine responses to a mental, cold pressor, and orthostatic stress test. At baseline, group 3 had significant higher blood pressure (137/74±3/2 mm Hg) than group 2 (126/66±3/2 mm Hg; P &lt;0.01) and group 1 (116/62±2/1 mm Hg; P &lt;0.001). Group 1 had lower systolic blood pressure than group 2 ( P =0.007). Baseline epinephrine and norepinephrine showed a clear positive linear trend ( P &lt;0.05), with the lowest values being in group 1 and highest in group 3. High-density lipoprotein was negatively related to epinephrine ( r =−0.387; P =0.010). Mental stress was the only test that showed significant differences in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses among the groups, where group 3 had a more pronounced response in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared with group 1 ( P &lt;0.001) and group 2 ( P &lt;0.01). Furthermore, we found significant positive linear trends for Δcatecholamines during mental stress across the groups (Δepinephrine P =0.001 and Δnorepinephrine P =0.026, ANOVA). We conclude that resting blood pressure reflects both variation in resting arterial catecholamines and variation in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses specifically to mental stress.
Platelet rich fibrin as a gingival tissue regeneration enhancer (2020)

Tissue regenerative procedures aim to enhance regeneration of altered tissue. Extensive research has been carried out in this area and all proposed procedures present limitations. In this context the area of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) research has gained tremendous awareness in the latest years. PRF is a low-cost regenerative modality that facilitates soft tissue regeneration derived from 100% autologous sources. It forms a fibrin mesh that liberates growth factors in a slow and prolonged manner and also contains supra-physiological concentrations of leukocytes. Reports from the literature have suggested that these leukocyte-rich blood-preparations are capable of improving wound healing, diminishing post-operative pain, and additionally minimizing the risk of infection. In our article we present the first clinical case where PRF was used as a wound healing accelerator of gingival lesions in a chemical soft tissue burn after teeth whitening.