gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine: magnetic fluid hyperthermia. (2009)

Nanoparticle systems are an intense subject of research for various biomedical applications. Colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles are of special interest, particularly in bioimaging, and more recently, in Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH). MFH promises to be a viable alternative in the treatment of localized cancerous tumors. The treatment consists of locally injecting magnetic nanoparticles in fluid suspension into the tumor site and exposing the site to an oscillating magnetic field, where nanoparticles dissipate energy in the form of heat, causing a localized rise in temperature and tumor cell death. Here we will review methods of magnetic nanoparticle synthesis, and the role of the nanoparticle surface coating in achieving colloidal stability, minimizing toxicity, and targeting. Finally, we review in vitro and in vivo MFH experiments, and clinical studies in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and prostate cancer.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and a copolyester of β-hydroxybutyrate and β-hydroxyvalerate isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance studies on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and a copolyester of β-hydroxybutyrate and β-hydroxyvalerate isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16Yoshiharu Doi, Masao Kunioka, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, and Kazuo SogaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 11, 2860–2864Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00165a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations179LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (504 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Self-powered wireless sensor module (2008)

A self-powered wireless sensor module which uses a thermo-generator as power supply is presented. The module comprises a wireless transceiver and a sensing unit to monitor and send the data to a nearby base station every second. The energy consumption can be covered totally by the thermo-generator and the human body as heat source. The low output voltage levels obtained from the thermo-generator have motivated the design of a power management unit with a start-up voltage of 60 mV.
Detection of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram using support vector machine (2008)

This paper presents the application of a support vector machine (SVM) for the detection of QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG signal is filtered using digital filtering techniques to remove noise and baseline wander. The support vector machine is used as a classifier to delineate QRS and non-QRS regions. Two different algorithms are presented for the detection of QRS complexes. The first uses a single-lead ECG at a time for the detection of QRS complexes, while the second uses 12-lead simultaneously recorded ECG. Both algorithms have been tested on the standard CSE ECG database. A detection rate of 99.3% is achieved when tested using a single-lead ECG. This improves to 99.75% for the simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG signal. The percentage of false negative detection is 0.7% and the percentage of false positive detection is 12.4% in the single-lead QRS detection and it reduces to 0.26% and 1.61% respectively for QRS detection in simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG signals. The performance of the algorithms depends strongly on the selection and the variety of the ECGs included in the training set, data representation and the mathematical basis of the classifier.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Are Involved in Opiate Receptor-Mediated Cell Migration (2003)

Opioid receptors are expressed in cells of the immune system, and potent immunomodulatory effects of their natural and synthetic ligands have been reported. In some studies, the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone itself displayed immunomodulatory actions. We investigated effects of naloxone on leukocyte chemotaxis. Cell migration was tested in micropore filter assays using modified Boyden chambers, and receptor expression was investigated using radiolabel binding assays. Naloxone induced peripheral blood nonadherent mononuclear cell and neutrophil chemotaxis at nanomolar concentrations and deactivated their migration toward beta-endorphin, angiotensin II, somatostatin, or interleukin-8 but not toward RANTES, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or substance P. Ligand binding studies showed no alteration in the binding of interleukin-8 to neutrophils by naloxone. Cleavage of heparan sulfate from proteoglycans on the cells' surface completely inhibited chemotactic and deactivating properties of naloxone but not other attractants. Chemotactic properties were abolished by pretreating cells with heparinase, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate, and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies, indicating the involvement of syndecan-4. The extent of migration toward naloxone was diminished by pretreatment with dimethylsphingosine, a specific sphingosine kinase inhibitor. As syndecan-4 signaling in leukocyte chemotaxis involves activation of sphingosine kinase, results indicate that naloxone interacts with syndecan-4 function in cell migration and suggest a role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans as coreceptors to members of the delta-opiate receptor family.
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF UNSATURATED SOILS: UNDERSTANDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF UNSATURATED SOILS REQUIRES RELIABLE CONCEPTUAL MODELS (1995)

Understanding the behaviour of unsaturated soils has now reached a stage where they should be considered the general case in geotechnical engineering, with saturated soils being a special simpler subset. The report reviews two conceptual models that have assisted in developing this framework of understanding, and provides an overview of how they relate to the 61 papers presented to session 1 of the conference. The first model deals with the microstructure of unsaturated soils. The second model deals with the application of elasto-plastic modelling to unsaturated soils, and considers pre-yield >, yielding, plastic hardening, flow rule and strength law. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.
The human tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter (2003)

13.329 kilobases of the single copy human tyrosine hydroxylase (hTH) gene were isolated from a genomic library. The 5' flanking 11 kilobases fused to the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) drove high level expression in TH+ cells of the substantia nigra of embryonic and adult transgenic mice as determined by double label fluorescence microscopy. To provide a basis for future analysis of polymorphisms and structure-function studies, the previously unreported distal 10.5 kilobases of the hTH promoter were sequenced with an average coverage of 20-fold, the remainder with 4-fold coverage. Sequence features identified included four perfect matches to the bicoid binding element (BBE, consensus: BBTAATCYV) all of which exhibited specific binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Comparison to published sequences of mouse and rat TH promoters revealed five areas of exceptional homology shared by these species in the upstream TH promoter region -2 kb to -9 kb relative to the transcription start site. Within these conserved regions (CRs I-V), potential recognition sites for NR4A2 (Nurr1), HNF-3beta, HOXA4, and HOXA5 were shared across human, mouse, and rat TH promoters.
Focused US system for MR imaging-guided tumor ablation. (1995)

MR imaging provides target definition and control for thermal therapy in regions of variable perfusion or in tissues that are not well characterized.
Ultra-compact 8 × 8 strictly-non-blocking Si-wire PILOSS switch (2014)

We report on a path-independent insertion-loss (PILOSS) 8 × 8 matrix switch based on Si-wire waveguides, which has a record-small footprint of 3.5 × 2.4 mm2. The PILOSS switch consists of 64 thermooptic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) switches and 49 low-crosstalk intersections. Each of the MZ switches and intersections employs directional couplers, which enable the composition of a low loss PILOSS switch. We demonstrate successful switching of digital-coherent 43-Gbps QPSK signal.
Optimizing Electrode-Attached Redox-Peptide Systems for Kinetic Characterization of Protease Action on Immobilized Substrates. Observation of Dissimilar Behavior of Trypsin and Thrombin Enzymes (2012)

In this work, we experimentally address the issue of optimizing gold electrode attached ferrocene (Fc)-peptide systems for kinetic measurements of protease action. Considering human α-thrombin and bovine trypsin as proteases of interest, we show that the recurring problem of incomplete cleavage of the peptide layer by these enzymes can be solved by using ultraflat template-stripped gold, instead of polished polycrystalline gold, as the Fc-peptide bearing electrode material. We describe how these fragile surfaces can be mounted in a rotating disk configuration so that enzyme mass transfer no longer limits the overall measured cleavage kinetics. Finally, we demonstrate that, once the system has been optimized, in situ real-time cyclic voltammetry monitoring of the protease action can yield high-quality kinetic data, showing no sign of interfering effects. The cleavage progress curves then closely match the Langmuirian variation expected for a kinetically controlled surface process. Global fit of the progress curves yield accurate values of the peptide cleavage rate for both trypsin and thrombin. It is shown that, whereas trypsin action on the surface-attached peptide closely follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, thrombin displays a specific and unexpected behavior characterized by a nearly enzyme-concentration-independent cleavage rate in the subnanomolar enzyme concentration range. The reason for this behavior has still to be clarified, but its occurrence may limit the sensitivity of thrombin sensors based on Fc-peptide layers.
Novel Binding and Efficient Cellular Uptake of Guanidine-Based Peptide Nucleic Acids (GPNA) (2003)

Incorporation of a guanidine functional group into the PNA backbone facilitates cellular uptake of PNA into mammalian cells with efficiency comparable to that of the TAT transduction domain. The modified PNA recognizes and binds to the complementary DNA strand in accordance with Watson-Crick recognition rules. However, unlike polypyrimidine PNA which binds to DNA in 2:1 stoichiometry, the modified PNA binds to complementary DNA in a 1:1 ratio to form a highly stable duplex.
Characteristics of hemopoietic stem cells determined by single spleen colony transplantation. (1986)

By using a spleen colony transfer technique and sex chromosome determinations as a cytogenetic marker, we compared the spleen colony-forming cells of bone marrow origin from three strains of mice, i.e., LACA, C57, and (LACA female X C57 male) F1. The proliferation potential of spleen colony-forming cells was found to be heterogeneous in nature. Some of the cells have the essential characteristics of hemopoietic stem cells (Ps-CFUS), i.e., the capacity for sustained proliferation and differentiation into myeloid and lymphoid lineages of cells, whereas others exhibit the capacity to form gross colonies on irradiated recipient spleen which are capable of differentiating different lineages of blood cells, but have lost the ability to reconstitute hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipients (Pg-CFUS). The results of studies on spleen colony-forming cells of F1 mice indicate the existence of a subpopulation of primitive precursors of spleen colony-forming cells (Pre-CFUs) which are not able to form spleen colonies on recipient spleens, but, under appropriate stimuli, may assume the properties of Ps-CFUS. Therefore the sequential process of blood cell differentiation may be described as follows: Pre-CFUS----Ps-CFUS----Pg-CFUS----different lineages of hemopoietic progenitors----different lineages of blood cells.
The Role of Mast Cells in Atherosclerosis (1997)

Mast cells are characterized by numerous granules released extracellularly in response to stimuli, e.g. IgE and complement. These cells are believed to be crucial in the development of certain inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases, such as allergy and dermatitis, and it has recently been demonstrated that a large number of mast cells are present in atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis bears several similarities to chronic inflammation, characterized by T cell and monocyte infiltration, immunoglobulin-complement deposition, and lipid accumulation. The presence of mast cells in atherosclerotic lesions could be significant because they can release large amounts of chemotactic agents, inflammation activators, and granule remnants, and they may be responsible for mononuclear cell recruitment and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, granule remnants nonspecifically bind to low-density lipoproteins, which can be phagocytosed by macrophages to form foam cells, a major cellular component of the early stage of atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, further elucidation of the role of mast cells in quantitative studies could enhance our understanding of the mechanism of atherogenesis, and may lead to new therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
Low voltage/Sub-ns Operation Bulk Thyristor-SRAM (BT-RAM) Cell with Double Selective Epitaxy Emitters (DEE) (2007)

We have successfully developed an alternative SRAM cell for the first time using a Bulk Thyristor-RAM (BT-RAM) with a Double selective Epitaxy technique for two Emitter regions (DEE). The DEE BT-RAM can read/write at Ins at a low-voltage of 0.6 V or read/write at 1.5 V at a high speed of 100 ps. It also has good retention characteristics even at 125degC, suggesting good scalability for gate length of 65 nm and beyond, and its ideal cell size is expected to be 30 F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , one-fourth that of a conventional 6T-SRAM cell. The DEE BT-RAM is therefore a promising alternative SRAM for the 65-nm generation and beyond.
Amino-Terminal Modifications of Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Selectively Alter Phospholipase C Signaling via the Type 1 PTH Receptor:  Implications for Design of Signal-Specific PTH Ligands (1999)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) activate the PTH/PTHrP receptor to trigger parallel increases in adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phospholipase C (PLC). The amino (N)-terminal region of PTH-(1−34) is essential for AC activation. Ligand domains required for activation of PLC, PKC, and other effectors have been less well-defined, although some studies in rodent systems have identified a core region [hPTH-(29−32)] involved in PKC activation. To determine the critical ligand domain(s) for PLC activation, a series of truncated hPTH-(1−34) analogues were assessed using LLC-PK1 cells that stably express abundant transfected human or rat PTH/PTHrP receptors. Phospholipase C signaling and ligand-binding affinity were reduced by carboxyl (C)-terminal truncation of hPTH-(1−34) but were coordinately restored when a binding-enhancing substitution (Glu19 → Arg19) was placed within hPTH-(1−28), the shortest hPTH peptide that could fully activate both AC and PLC. Phospholipase C, but not AC, activity was reduced by substituting Gly1 for Ser1 in hPTH-(1−34) and was eliminated entirely by removing either residue 1 or the α-amino group alone. These changes did not alter binding affinity. These findings led to design of an analogue, [Gly1,Arg19]hPTH-(1−28), that was markedly signal-selective, with full AC but no PLC activity. Thus, the extreme N-terminus of hPTH constitutes a critical activation domain for coupling to PLC. The C-terminal region, especially hPTH-(28−31), contributes to PLC activation through effects upon receptor binding but is not required for full PLC activation. The N-terminal determinants of AC and PLC activation in hPTH-(1−34) overlap but are not identical, as subtle modifications in this region may dissociate activation of these two effectors. The [Gly1,Arg19]hPTH-(1−28) analogue, in particular, should prove useful in dissociating AC- from PLC-dependent actions of PTH.
Automated Differential Display Using a Fluorescently Labeled Universal Primer (1997)

We have modified the automated differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (DDRTPCR) such that a single fluorescently labeled universal primer (d[F]CTCACGGATCCGTCGATTTT) is used in all PCRs together with a selection of arbitrary primers. We term this fluorescent detection procedure FDDRT-PCR. Anchoring primers of general structure dTGGTCTCACGGATCCGTCGA- (T)12 VN (where N can be any deoxynucleoside and V can be any deoxynucleoside other than thymidine) are used for the RT step, and the universal primer together with selected arbitrary primers are then used for the PCR amplification. Advantages of this approach are: (i) the fluorescently labeled universal primer is a constant feature in every PCR, so that changes in banding profile are highly likely to reflect the incorporation of different arbitrary 10-mer primers; (ii) artifacts that result from arbitrary 10-mer to arbitrary 10- mer primer amplifications are not observed by fluoresence detection on an automated gene scanner because such products are not fluorescently labeled; (iii) sample throughput and ease of data handling are increased when compared with the conventional radioactive/ manual approach and (iv) using a single fluorescently labeled primer in all PCRs is highly cost-effective.
Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of theEscherichia coli Proteome (2006)

We describe a novel LCMS approach to the relative quantitation and simultaneous identification of proteins within the complex milieu of unfractionated Escherichia coli. This label-free, LCMS acquisition method observes all detectable, eluting peptides and their corresponding fragment ions. Postacquisition data analysis methods extract both the chromatographic and the mass spectrometric information on the tryptic peptides to provide time-resolved, accurate mass measurements, which are subsequently used for quantitation and identification of constituent proteins. The response of E. coli to carbon source variation is well understood, and it is thus commonly used as a model biological system when validating an analytical method. Using this LCMS approach, we characterized proteins isolated from E. coli grown in glucose, lactose, and acetate. The change in relative abundance of the corresponding proteins was measured from peptides common to both conditions. Protein identities were also determined for those peptides that were unique to each condition, and these identities were found to be consistent with the underlying biochemical restrictions imposed by the growth conditions. The relative change in abundance of the characterized proteins ranged from 0.1- to 90-fold among the three binary comparisons. The overall coverage of the characterized proteins ranged from 10 to 80%, consisting of one to 34 peptides per protein. The quantitative results obtained from our study were comparable to other existing proteomic and transcriptional profiling approaches. This study illustrates the robustness of this novel LCMS approach for the simultaneous quantitative and comprehensive qualitative analysis of proteins in complex mixtures.
ATM over hybrid fiber-coax networks (2002)

Cable TV companies and Regional Bell Operating Companies, e.g. PacBell, are preparing for the future by aggressively installing or rebuilding existing all-coaxial cable plants into hybrid-fiber coaxial plants and by offering a wide range of interactive services which they feel will be most attractive to their subscriber base. These new-to-cable services span a wide range of performance attributes, each placing its own demands on the capabilities of the broadband bearer service system. These services include, but are not limited to: video-on demand, digital video, video telephony, voice telephony, and a suite of interactive digital data services ranging from traditional Internet and information service access (e.g., Compuserve and Prodigy) to multiplayer gaming. The future broadband infrastructure challenge can be met by developing a novel family of integrated bearer service products which communicate using asynchronous transfer mode protocols over the cable TV network. This paper summarizes the ATM over HFC definition work taking place in the ATM Forum's Residential Broadband Working Group and the standards progress in the IEEE P802.14 Cable TV Media Access Control and Physical Protocol Working Group. This paper then overviews the architecture and implementation of a possible ATM over cable TV system. This paper focuses on the aspects of ATM and the MAC layer and does not detail the RF or Physical environment.
Applications Tuning for Streaming SIMD Extensions (1999)

In early 1997, Intel formed an engineering lab whose charter was to apply a new set of instructions to the optimization of software applications. This lab worked with commercial software companies to increase the performance of their applications by using these new instructions. Two years later, this new instruction set has been made public as a principal new feature of the Pentium III processor, the Streaming SIMD Extensions. Many of the commercial software companies&amp;apos; applications on which the lab consulted have been brought to market, demonstrating significant performance improvements by using the Streaming SIMD Extensions. This paper describes many of the principles and concepts developed as a result of that activity.
Pegasus: An Efficient Intermediate Representation (2018)

We present Pegasus, a compact and expressive intermediate representation for imperative languages. The representation is suitable for target architectures supporting predicated execution and aggressive speculation. In Pegasus information about the global dataflow of the program is encoded in local structures, enabling compact and efficient algorithms for program optimizations. As a proof of the versatility of Pegasus, we have used it in a compiler translating C programs to hardware implementations.
Si Nano-Photodiode with a Surface Plasmon Antenna (2005)

Nano-photodiodes with a subwavelength active area using the optical near-field enhanced by surface plasmon resonance are proposed. We fabricated a Si Schottky photodiode that consists of an active area of 300 nm in diameter and a surface plasmon antenna to generate the carrier within the active area efficiently. The fabricated photodiode shows an increase of the photocurrent by several tenfold compared to that without a surface plasmon antenna. This result suggests an enhanced photogeneration of carriers in a semiconductor via surface plasmon resonance. Such a Si nano-photodiode is a potential high-speed optical signal detector because the opto-electronic conversion process occurs within a subwavelength scale.