gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Teacher Educator and His Students Reflect on Teaching High School Physics. (1992)

A teacher educator took over a high school physics teachers' class for a semester in exchange for the physics teacher taking over his university physics methods classes. The paper presents the perceptions o2 people involved in the experience. Students at both schools accepted the situation well. University students, invited to observe their university teacher at the high school, found it difficult to criticize his expectations as unrealistic, since he was out teaching high school every day. Some students felt free to criticize his teaching since they had been asked to observe; others hesitated because they were not used to criticizing teachers' work. Students had some difficulty finding value in repeated observations of one teacher. The teacher found student comments helpful. He decided that teaching one class a day while also teaching beginning teachers shifted his expectations for preservice education. He rethought the structure of preservice teacher education to make it more applicable to future classroom teaching. Three appendices offer an excerpt from a recorded after-class discussion with class observers, student comments showing different perceptions, and comments from a meeting with a graduate student who had videotaped a lesson. (SM) *********************.A*1********************************************* AepLouucLions suppilea by r.DA6 are the best that can oe made from the original document. *********************************************************************** A Teacher Educator and his Students Reflect on Teaching High School Physics Tom Russell Faculty of Education Queen's University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, April 1992 Well, I guess it's back to the 'crystal palace,' isn't it? --science teacher on my last day at the school
Evidence for Heme-mediated Redox Regulation of Human Cystathionine β-Synthase Activity (1998)

Human cystathionine beta-synthase catalyzes the first step in the catabolic removal of the toxic metabolite, homocysteine. It is unique in being dependent on both pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and heme for activity. The reaction involves condensation of serine and homocysteine to give cystathionine. Although the role of PLP can be rationalized in analogy with other PLP-dependent enzymes that catalyze beta-replacement reactions, the role of the heme is unknown. In this study, we have purified and characterized the recombinant human enzyme and have examined the effect of heme oxidation state on enzyme activity. We find that under reducing conditions, generated by addition of titanium citrate, the enzyme exhibits a 1.7-fold lower activity than under oxidizing conditions. Reoxidation of the ferrous enzyme with ferricyanide results in alleviation of inhibition. This redox-linked change in enzyme activity correlates with changes in heme oxidation state monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. Dithiothreitol, which does not reduce the enzyme-bound heme, does not perturb enzyme activity. These studies provide the first evidence for redox-linked regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase which is heme-dependent.
A New 3-D Conformal PEC FDTD Scheme With User-Defined Geometric Precision and Derived Stability Criterion (2006)

A new conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) updating scheme for metallic surfaces nonaligned in the grid is presented in this paper. In contrast to existing conformal models, the new model can be formulated with the original Yee FDTD update equation. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be easily added in standard FDTD codes even if the codes are already parallelized or hardware-accelerated. In addition, based on the commonly used conventional stability criterion, a derivation of the stability is presented and based on the conformal geometric information, a time step reduction formula is presented. The time step reduction is used as a user-defined parameter to tradeoff speed versus accuracy. The achievable geometric precision is optimized to a given time step. Therefore, even with the conventional time step (no reduction) the presented scheme profits from the conformal discretization. To show the performance and the robustness of the proposed scheme canonical validations and two real world applications were investigated. A broadband low profile (circular) antenna was successfully simulated showing the benefit of the conformal FDTD method compared to the conventional scheme. Furthermore, a CAD based mobile phone was conformally discretized and successfully simulated showing that the proposed scheme is highly suited for the simulation of advanced engineering problems.
Autoimmunity against nucleosomes and lupus nephritis. (1996)

It is generally assumed that anti-dsDNA antibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. This is mainly based on the facts that an increase in anti-dsDNA titer often precedes onset of renal disease, that immune deposits are present in glomeruli and that eluates of glomeruli are enriched for anti-dsDNA. This led to the classical concept that deposition of DNA-anti-DNA complexes incites the glomerular inflammation. However, important pieces of evidence are lacking to support this hypothesis. Free, naked, DNA is not present in the circulation. The existence of DNA/anti-DNA complexes is highly questionable and injection of these complexes hardly leads to glomerular localization. As an alternative concept cross-reactivity of anti-dsDNA with glomerular constituents like heparan sulfate (HS) and laminin has been proposed. However, subsequent research has indicated that this cross-reactivity is due to nucleosomal antigens (histones and DNA) complexed to the auto-antibodies. The cationic histone part of the complex is responsible for the binding to the anionic HS. This binding also occurs in vivo since renal perfusion of nucleosome complexed antibodies leads to abundant binding of auto-antibodies to the GBM, while enzymatic removal of HS from the GBM, decreases this binding considerably. Non-complexed antibodies did not bind at all. This mechanism of binding is also consistent with the decrease of HS staining in the GBM in human and murine lupus due to masking of HS with nucleosome-complexed auto-antibodies. Furthermore the presence of histones and nucleosomes in glomerular deposits in lupus nephritis was recently shown. Elution of auto-antibodies from glomeruli not only showed anti-dsDNA but also anti-nucleosome specificities. Nucleosomes are not only important for the induction of glomerular lesions, but there is now also increasing evidence that the nucleosome is the auto-antigen that drives the auto-immune response in SLE. There is ample evidence that this response is antigen-driven and T cell dependent. However immunization with DNA in general fails to induce pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies. Recently, in SLE T helper cells were identified specific for nucleosomes. These nucleosome specific T helper cells were not only able to induce anti-nucleosome antibodies but also anti-dsDNA and anti-histone antibodies. This is in line with the finding that in SLE nucleosome specific antibodies are formed. These antibodies react exclusively with nucleosomes and not with its constituents DNA or histones. The formation of these nucleosome specific antibodies precedes the development of anti-dsDNA or anti-histone suggesting that the loss of tolerance for nucleosomes is a primary event. The systemic release of nucleosomes is due to an aberrant apoptosis. There is now growing evidence that apoptosis is disturbed both in certain murine lupus models as well as in human lupus. In conclusion, nucleosomes seem to play a central role in the induction and the effector phase of SLE.
Stereochemistry of rHint1 hydrolase assisted cleavage of P–N bond in nucleoside 5′-O-phosphoramidothioates (2007)

The Hint-1 hydrolase assisted cleavage of the P-N bond in adenosine-5'-O-[N-(tryptophanylamide)]phosphoramidothioate proceeds with retention of configuration at the phosphorus atom which is consistent with the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate complex.
A Simultaneous Reduction of Caries and Gingivitis in a Group of Schoolchildren Receiving Chlorhexidine-Fluoride Applications (1978)

A total of 164 schoolchildren, aged 11–15 years with high DMF scores was divided into 4 groups. Subjects of the CXF group brushed their teeth after school lunch and rinsed their mouths with a solution containing 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate + 0.044% NaF in succinic acid/NaOH buffer, pH 5.9. The F group had 0.044% NaF in the buffer. The PI group used a placebo solution and the C group served as the basic control. Respective nonabrasive toothpaste preparations were used in the evenings and twice a day during weekends and the holidays. After 2 years, the mean DMFS increments in the C, Pl, F and CXF groups were 6.3, 5.1, 4.3 and 2.9, respectively. The percentage of subjects with bleeding vestibular gingival units examined in different groups had changed from initial to final value as follows: C, 40–63; PI, 50–49; F, 71–47 and CXF, 63–14.
Using Depth-Sensing Camera to Enable Freehand Interactions On and Above the Interactive Surface (2008)

DepthTouch is an exploratory interactive system that combines the benefits of multi-touch-sensitive surface with the ability to interact in the hover space in front of the surface.
Direct Sampling from Muscle Cross Sections for Electrophoretic Analysis of Individual Mitochondria (2003)

Muscle is a highly heterogeneous tissue. Practical approaches to sample selectively small regions of muscle cross sections would help to effectively utilize analytical techniques on muscle studies while taking into account tissue heterogeneity. In this report, semimembranosus muscle tissue cross sections were directly sampled and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIF). Prior to CE-LIF analysis, a small region in the muscle cross section was stained with 10-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) which is a mitochondrion-selective fluorescent probe known to form a stable complex with cardiolipin, a phospholipid found only in mitochondria. By micromanipulation, the injection end of the capillary was brought into contact with the tissue exhibiting fluorescently labeled mitochondria. Sampling from a region similar in size to the cross section of a single fiber was carried out by applying 11 kPa of negative pressure for 3 s. When an electric field of -200V/cm was applied, fluorescently labeled mitochondria electromigrated and were individually detected by postcolumn LIF detection. For each sample, the electropherogram displays a migration time window with a collection of narrow peaks. The collection of individual peak measurements is represented as a distribution of individual intensities related to cardiolipin content of mitochondria and a distribution of individual electrophoretic mobilities. Positioning the capillary injection end was sufficiently spatially accurate to deplete mitochondria in the sampled region upon repetitive injections. Treatment of a muscle cross section with a protease (trypsin) prior to mitochondria sampling resulted in a higher number of detected mitochondria, suggesting that one of the effects of this enzyme is a partial digestion of the muscles myofibrils, which eases the release of interfibrillar mitochondria entangled within these fibers. The protease treatment also resulted in changes to the electrophoretic mobility distribution of individual mitochondria, which may imply that partial digestion of proteins bound to the mitochondria contributes to the alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of mitochondria. The ability to sample a region as small as a single muscle fiber cross section and its direct CE-LIF analysis opens exciting possibilities for the direct analysis of muscle biopsies and mapping the mitochondrial electrophoretic properties in highly heterogeneous tissues.
Photo-Driven Expulsion of Molecules from Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles (2007)

Azobenzene derivatives act as both impellers and gatekeepers when they are tethered in and on mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Continuous excitation at 457 nm, a wavelength where both the cis and trans conformers absorb, produces constant isomerization reactions and results in continual dynamic wagging of the untethered terminus. The 2 nm diameter pores are loaded with luminescent probe molecules, azobenzene motion is stimulated by light, and the photoinduced expulsion of the probe from the particles that is caused by the motion is monitored by luminescence spectroscopy. The light-responsive nature of these materials enables them to be externally controlled such that the expulsion of dye molecules from the mesopores can be started and stopped at will. These results open the possibilities of trapping useful molecules such as drugs and releasing them on demand.
Self-Organizing Data Clustering Based on Quantum Entanglement Model (2006)

Most of currently used approaches to data clustering are not qualified to quickly cluster a high-dimensional large-scale database. This paper is devoted to a novel generalized quantum particle model (GQPM) to data self-organizing clustering. The GQPM approach transforms the data clustering process into a stochastic process of particle motion, collision and quantum entanglement on a particle array. In comparison with the GPM clustering method we have proposed before, the GQPM has much faster speed and higher quality for clustering. GQPM is also characterized by the self-organizing clustering and has advantages in terms of the insensitivity to noise, the quality robustness to clustered data, the learning ability, the suitability for high-dimensional multi-shape large-scale data sets. The simulations and comparisons have shown the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed GQPM approach to data clustering
Comparison of Five Regimens for Treatment of Experimental Clindamycin-Associated Colitis (1978)

The hamster model of clindamycin-induced enterocolitis was studied to determine the natural course of the disease and the response to five therapeutic regimens. Tissue culture assays of stools from untreated animals showed that colitis toxin is present at low titers within 24--36 hr after challenge with clindamycin; titers of toxin in subsequent specimens of stool increased progressively until the animals died on days 2--4 after challenge. Therapeutic regimens tested in this model were initiated 24 hr after clindamycin challenge when the majority of the animals had evidence of colitis toxin. Methylprednisilone, an anion exchange resin, and gas gangrene polyvalent antitoxin had a minimal effect on toxin titers in stool and failed to delay substantially death due to enterocolitis. Vancomycin and tetracycline eliminated toxin in stools and delayed death. However, the salutary effects of these antibiotics were noted only during the course of their administration since all animals died of enterocolitis and had high titers of toxin when treatment was discontinued.
Targeted Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer with a Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Coding for Bifunctional Suicide Protein FCU1 (2010)

It seems feasible and efficacious to combine adenovirus replication to the FCU1 prodrug activation system.
A 700 Mbps/pin CMOS signalling interface using current integrating receivers (2002)

A high speed CMOS signalling interface for application in multiprocessor interconnection networks has been developed. The interface utilizes 1-V push-pull drivers, a Delay Line PLL and sampling of the data on both half-periods of the clock. In order to increase the noise immunity of the reception, current-integrating receivers are used to sample the data in the input pads. Chips fabricated in 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology achieve transfer rates of 740 Mbits/sec/pin operating from a 3.3-V supply with a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -14/.
Regulation of DNA Replication after Heat Shock by Replication Protein A-Nucleolin Interactions (2001)

Heat shock inhibits replicative DNA synthesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We investigated mechanistic aspects of this regulation in melanoma cells using a simian virus 40 (SV40)-based in vitro DNA replication assay. Heat shock (44 degrees C) caused a monotonic inhibition of cellular DNA replication following exposures for 5-90 min. SV40 DNA replication activity in extracts of similarly heated cells also decreased after 5-30 min of exposure, but returned to near control levels after 60-90 min of exposure. This transient inhibition of SV40 DNA replication was eliminated by recombinant replication protein A (rRPA), suggesting a regulatory process targeting this key DNA replication factor. SV40 DNA replication inhibition was associated with a transient increase in the interaction between nucleolin and RPA that peaked at 20-30 min. Because binding to nucleolin compromises the ability of RPA to support SV40 DNA replication, we suggest that the observed interaction reflects a mechanism whereby DNA replication is regulated after heat shock. The relevance of this interaction to the regulation of cellular DNA replication is indicated by the transient translocation in heated cells of nucleolin from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm with kinetics very similar to those of SV40 DNA replication inhibition and of RPA-nucleolin interaction. Because the targeting of RPA by nucleolin in heated cells occurs in an environment that preserves the activity of several essential DNA replication factors, active processes may contribute to DNA replication inhibition to a larger degree than presently thought. RPA-nucleolin interactions may reflect an early step in the regulation of DNA replication, as nucleolin relocalized into the nucleolus 1-2 h after heat exposure but cellular DNA replication remained inhibited for up to 8 h. We propose that the nucleolus functions as a heat sensor that uses nucleolin as a signaling molecule to initiate inhibitory responses equivalent to a checkpoint.
23-Methyl-3α, 7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid: Dose-response study of biliary secretion in rat (1988)

A side chain derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid, was synthesized and the effect of i.v. infusion of the acid at different doses (0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mumoles per min per kg body weight over 1 hr) on bile flow, on its hepatic biotransformations and on biliary lipid secretion has been studied in bile fistula rats. The results were compared with those of ursodeoxycholic and cholic acid administered under similar conditions. 23-Methylursodeoxycholic acid is poorly secreted into bile and poorly taurine and glycine conjugated, at all infusion doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid is quantitatively recovered at low doses and recovered less at high infusion rates. Cholic acid is almost entirely recovered at all infusion doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid conjugation pattern is dependent on the dose, and glucuronidation and sulfation operate at high doses. Cholic acid is taurine conjugated at low doses; at high doses, large amounts of unconjugated bile acids are observed. Methylursodeoxycholic acid presents a delayed secretion and hypercholeresis. Ursodeoxycholic acid presents similar results at high infusion rates, possibly by reaching a high intrahepatic concentration of free form. The octanol/water partition coefficients of ursodeoxycholic acid and 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid are similar and higher than that of cholic acid. A chole-hepatic shunting of 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid may explain both the low recovery in bile and hypercholeresis and is consistent with its hydrophilicity of cholic acid, on the contrary, makes possible its high recovery in bile. The effect on biliary lipid secretion is unpredictable and affected by the dose and, in consequence, by the conjugation pattern of the bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hair Regeneration Treatment Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Conditioned Medium: Follow-up With Trichograms. (2015)

Treatment using adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium appears highly effective for alopecia and may represent a new therapy for hair regeneration.
Comparison of Serum Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Inhibition Antibodies After 2010–2011 Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel (2014)

Background. Most inactivated influenza vaccines contain purified and standardized hemagglutinin (HA) and residual neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Vaccine-associated HA antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI]) are well described, but less is known about the immune response to the NA. Methods. Serum of 1349 healthcare personnel (HCP) electing or declining the 2010-2011 trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine ([IIV3], containing A/California/7/2009 p(H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 [H3N2], B/Brisbane/60/2008 strains) were tested for NA-inhibiting (NAI) antibody by a modified lectin-based assay using pseudotyped N1 and N2 influenza A viruses with an irrelevant (H5) HA. Neuraminidase-inhibiting and HAI antibody titers were evaluated approximately 30 days after vaccination and end-of-season for those with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza infection. Results. In 916 HCP (68%) receiving IIV3, a 2-fold increase in N1 and N2 NAI antibody occurred in 63.7% and 47.3%, respectively. Smaller responses occurred in HCP age >50 years and those without prior 2009-2010 IIV3 nor monovalent A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccinations. Forty-four PCR-confirmed influenza infections were observed, primarily affecting those with lower pre-exposure HAI and NAI antibodies. Higher pre-NAI titers correlated with shorter duration of illness for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infections. Conclusions. Trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine is modestly immunogenic for N1 and N2 antigens in HCP. Vaccines eliciting robust NA immune responses may improve efficacy and reduce influenza-associated morbidity.
Improved design technique of a microwave class-E power amplifier with finite switching-on resistance (2003)

The class-E amplifier is a highly efficient amplifier for microwave power applications. Due to the complexity involved, previous analytical efforts assumed either zero switch resistance and/or infinite drain (collector) inductance, which resulted in less than optimum designs. In this paper, we take the effect of both the finite switching-on resistance and finite drain inductance into account, and present an improved and optimized design technique. A 1.9 GHz CMOS class-E power amplifier, which can deliver 0.25 W of output power, was analyzed as an example of this new design technique. Excellent agreement between the theoretical analysis and simulation results is reported, pointing the way towards the optimized design of the class-E stage for microwave applications.
Efficient active transport of gene nanocarriers to the cell nucleus (2003)

The intracellular transport of therapeutic gene carriers is poorly understood, limiting the rational design of efficient new vectors. We used live-cell real-time multiple particle tracking to quantify the intracellular transport of hundreds of individual nonviral DNA nanocarriers with 5-nm and 33-ms resolution. Unexpected parallels between several of nature's most efficient DNA viruses and nonviral polyethylenimine/DNA nanocomplexes were revealed to include motor protein-driven transport through the cytoplasm toward the nucleus on microtubules. Active gene carrier transport led to efficient perinuclear accumulation within minutes. The results provide direct evidence to dispute the common belief that the efficiency of nonviral gene carriers is dramatically reduced because of the need for their relatively slow random diffusion through the cell cytoplasm to the nucleus and, instead, focuses the attention of rational carrier design on overcoming barriers downstream of perinuclear accumulation.