gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of the quaternary half-metal-type Heusler alloyCo2Mn1−xFexSi (2006)

This paper reports on the bulk properties of the quaternary Heusler alloy ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ with the Fe concentration $x=0,1∕2,1$. All samples, which were prepared by arc melting, exhibit $L{2}_{1}$ long-range order over the complete range of Fe concentration. The structural and magnetic properties of the ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ Heusler alloys were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, high- and low-temperature magnetometry, M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The electronic structure was explored by means of high-energy photoemission spectroscopy at about $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ photon energy. This ensures true bulk sensitivity of the measurements. The magnetization of the Fe-doped Heusler alloys is in agreement with the values of the magnetic moments expected for a Slater-Pauling-like behavior of half-metallic ferromagnets. The experimental findings are discussed on the basis of self-consistent calculations of the electronic and magnetic structure. To achieve good agreement with experiment, the calculations indicate that on-site electron-electron correlation must be taken into account, even at low Fe concentration. The present investigation focuses on searching for the quaternary compound where the half-metallic behavior is stable against outside influences. Overall, the results suggest that the best candidate may be found at an iron concentration of about 50%.
IGF-1 Overexpression Inhibits the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Angiotensin II–Mediated Oxidative Stress (2001)

Stimulation of the local renin-angiotensin system and apoptosis characterize the diabetic heart. Because IGF-1 reduces angiotensin (Ang) II and apoptosis, we tested whether streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy was attenuated in IGF-1 transgenic mice (TGM). Diabetes progressively depressed ventricular performance in wild-type mice (WTM) but had no hemodynamic effect on TGM. Myocyte apoptosis measured at 7 and 30 days after the onset of diabetes was twofold higher in WTM than in TGM. Myocyte necrosis was apparent only at 30 days and was more severe in WTM. Diabetic nontransgenic mice lost 24% of their ventricular myocytes and showed a 28% myocyte hypertrophy; both phenomena were prevented by IGF-1. In diabetic WTM, p53 was increased in myocytes, and this activation of p53 was characterized by upregulation of Bax, angiotensinogen, Ang type 1 (AT(1)) receptors, and Ang II. IGF-1 overexpression decreased these biochemical responses. In vivo accumulation of the reactive O(2) product nitrotyrosine and the in vitro formation of H(2)O(2)-(.)OH in myocytes were higher in diabetic WTM than TGM. Apoptosis in vitro was detected in myocytes exhibiting high H(2)O(2)-(.)OH fluorescence, and apoptosis in vivo was linked to the presence of nitrotyrosine. H(2)O(2)-(.)OH generation and myocyte apoptosis in vitro were inhibited by the AT(1) blocker losartan and the O(2) scavenger TIRON: In conclusion, IGF-1 interferes with the development of diabetic myopathy by attenuating p53 function and Ang II production and thus AT(1) activation. This latter event might be responsible for the decrease in oxidative stress and myocyte death by IGF-1.
Probucol Attenuates Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Tachycardia-Induced Heart Failure (2002)

Probucol attenuated LV dysfunction and remodeling, possibly through its antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory effects in ventricular pacing-induced HF. These data suggest that inflammatory disorders, which cause an abnormal interaction between failing myocardium and activated monocytes, have an important role in the progression of HF.
Expression of CXCL9, -10, -11, and CXCR3 in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface of Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome (2010)

Expression of CXCL9, -10, -11, and CXCR3 increased in the tear film and ocular surface of patients with dry eye syndrome, especially in those with Sjögren's syndrome. CXCL11 levels correlated significantly with various tear film and ocular surface parameters. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00991679.).
Resistance to CYP17A1 Inhibition with Abiraterone in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Induction of Steroidogenesis and Androgen Receptor Splice Variants (2011)

These studies indicate that abiraterone reduces CRPC growth via suppression of intratumoral androgens and that resistance to abiraterone may occur through mechanisms that include upregulation of CYP17A1, and/or induction of AR and AR splice variants that confer ligand-independent AR transactivation.
Immunosuppression by Co‐stimulatory Molecules: Inhibition of CD2‐CD48/CD58 Interaction by Peptides from CD2 to Suppress Progression of Collagen‐induced Arthritis in Mice (2013)

Targeting co-stimulatory molecules to modulate the immune response has been shown to have useful therapeutic effects for autoimmune diseases. Among the co-stimulatory molecules, CD2 and CD58 are very important in the early stages of generation of an immune response. Our goal was to utilize CD2-derived peptides to modulate protein-protein interactions between CD2 and CD58, thereby modulating the immune response. Several peptides were designed based on the structure of the CD58-binding domain of CD2 protein. Among the CD2-derived peptides, peptide 6 from the F and C β-strand region of CD2 protein exhibited inhibition of cell-cell adhesion in the nanomolar concentration range. Peptide 6 was evaluated for its ability to bind to CD58 in Caco-2 cells and to CD48 in T cells from rodents. A molecular model was proposed for binding a peptide to CD58 and CD48 using docking studies. Furthermore, in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic ability of the peptide to modulate the immune response in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. In vivo studies indicated that peptide 6 was able to suppress the progression of CIA. Evaluation of the antigenicity of peptides in CIA and transgenic animal models indicated that this peptide is not immunogenic.
Influence of Heel Flare and Midsole Construction on Pronation Supination and Impact Forces for Heel-Toe Running (1988)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lateral heel flare on pronation, external impact forces, and takeoff supination for different midsole constructions. Data were collected using force platforms and high-speed film cameras. Fourteen male subjects participated in the study, running heel-toe at a speed of 4 m/s. The analysis of kinetic and kinematic variables showed that changes in lateral heel flare of 16°, 0°, and a rounded heel can be used to influence initial pronation during heel-toe running. It could be shown that changes in lateral heel flare do not have a relevant influence on changes in total and/or maximal pronation. Changes in lateral heel flare do have an effect on vertical impact force peaks if the midsole is relatively hard but not if the midsole is relatively soft. Based on the present study, a running shoe with a relatively hard midsole material and a neutral flare would have low initial pronation values and low vertical impact force peaks.
Effect of Xylooligosaccharide Intake on Severe Constipation in Pregnant Women (2005)

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are mainly composed of two or three xylose units with beta-1,4 linkages. They are obtained by hemicellulose hydrolysis, which is relatively abundant in the cell walls of grains. XOS increases the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in humans, and maintains the fecal water content within the normal range. To examine the effect of XOS intake on severe constipation in pregnancy, which is predominant in the third trimester, thirty constipated pregnant women were treated with 4.2 g XOS daily for 4 wk. During the study, the clinical efficacy was assessed using a daily diary. The subjects indicated the number of stools and the clinical symptom scores. Twenty-nine subjects completed the study. The mean number of stools was 1.1 +/- 0.4 in the pre-treatment week, and increased in weeks 1-4 of XOS administration to 5.3 +/- 2.1, 5.9 +/- 2.5, 6.2 +/- 2.2 and 6.7 +/- 1.9, respectively. At the end of the study, 27 subjects could defecate spontaneously. The occurrence of very loose or very hard stools decreased and the stool consistency normalized. The stool color changed from dark to yellowish brown. No side effects were observed. XOS intake was highly effective for the reduction of severe constipation in pregnant women without adverse effects.
Distinct Altered Patterns of p27KIP1 Gene Expression in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Carcinoma (1998)

On the basis of these results, we infer that loss of p27Kip1 expression in the human prostate may be causally linked to BPH and that BPH is not a precursor to prostate cancer.
High-power red VCSEL arrays (2013)

High-power red laser sources are used in many applications such as cosmetics, cancer photodynamic therapy, and DNA sequencing in the medical field, laser-based RGB projection display, and bar-code scanning to name a few. Verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be used as high-power laser sources, as efficient single devices can be configured into high-power two-dimensional arrays and scaled into modules of arrays. VCSELs emit in a circular, uniform beam which can greatly reduce the complexity and cost of optics. Other advantages include a narrow and stable emission spectrum, low speckle of the far-field emission, and good reliability. However, developing efficient red VCSEL sources presents some challenges because of the reduced quantum-well carrier confinement and the increased Aluminum content (to avoid absorption) which increases thermal impedance, and also decreases the DBR index contrast resulting in increased penetration length and cavity losses. We have recently developed VCSEL devices lasing in the visible 6xx nm wavelength band, and reaching 30% power conversion efficiency. We fabricated high-power 2D arrays by removing the GaAs substrate entirely and soldered the chips on high thermal conductivity submounts. Such arrays have demonstrated several Watts of output power at room temperature, in continuous-wave (CW) operation. Several tens of Watts are obtained in QCW operation. Results and challenges of these high-power visible VCSEL arrays will be discussed.
Predictive factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation in cytomegalovirus‐seropositive kidney‐transplant patients (2008)

The aims of the present study were to assess the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and to determine the predictive factors for CMV reactivation in CMV seropositive kidney-transplant patients. One hundred ninety CMV seropositive kidney-transplant patients were included in this study; of these, 39 patients had received CMV prophylaxis. CMV DNAemia was assessed by real-timepolymerase chain reaction assay every 2 weeks until day 120, then every 3-4 weeks until day 180, and then every month until day 365. One hundred seven patients (56.3%) had at least one positive CMV DNAemia within the first year. The time between renal transplantation and the first positive CMV DNAemia was 59 +/- 5 days. The number of positive CMV DNAemia/patient was 3.28 +/- 0.22. CMV viral load at first positive CMV DNAemia was 704 (10-742,000) copies/ml. The donor CMV seropositivity, the absence of CMV prophylaxis, and the occurrence of acute rejection before CMV reactivation were independent factors associated with CMV reactivation within the first year after kidney transplantation. Hence, CMV reactivation is frequent after kidney transplantation. CMV prophylaxis in CMV seropositive kidney-transplant patients should be offered to avoid CMV-related side-effects.
Novel regulatory mechanisms for theCFTRgene (2009)

The CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which when mutated causes cystic fibrosis, encompasses nearly 200 kb of genomic DNA at chromosome 7q31.2. It is flanked by two genes ASZ1 [ankyrin repeat, SAM (sterile alpha-motif) and basic leucine zipper] and CTTNBP2 (cortactin-binding protein 2), which have very different expression profiles. CFTR is expressed primarily in specialized epithelial cells, whereas ASZ1 is transcribed exclusively in the testis and ovary, and CTTNBP2 is highly expressed in the brain, kidney and pancreas, with lower levels of expression in other tissues. Despite its highly regulated pattern of expression, the promoter of the CFTR gene apparently lacks the necessary elements to achieve this. We previously suggested that cis-acting regulatory elements elsewhere in the locus, both flanking the gene and within introns, were required to co-ordinate regulated, tissue-specific expression of CFTR. We identified a number of crucial elements, including enhancer-blocking insulators flanking the locus, intronic tissue-specific enhancers and also characterized some of the interacting proteins. We recently employed a high-resolution method of mapping DHS (DNase I-hypersensitive sites) using tiled microarrays. DHS are often associated with regulatory elements and use of this technique generated cell-specific profiles of potential regulatory sequences in primary cells and cell lines. We characterized a set of cis-acting elements within the CFTR locus and demonstrated direct physical interaction between them and the CFTR promoter, by chromosome conformation capture (3C). These results provide the first insight into the three-dimensional structure of the active CFTR gene.
Association of elevated levels of hyaluronidase, a matrix-degrading enzyme, with prostate cancer progression. (1996)

Components of extracellular matrix and the matrix-degrading enzymes are some of the key regulators of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a matrix glycosaminoglycan, is known to promote tumor cell adhesion and migration, and its small fragments are angiogenic. We have compared levels of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades HA, in normal adult prostate (NAP), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP) tissues and in conditioned media from epithelial explant cultures, using a sensitive substrate(HA)-gel assay and an ELISA-like assay. The results show a significant elevation (3-10-fold) of this enzyme in tumor tissues compared to that in NAP and BPH tissues. Furthermore, the hyaluronidase levels in tissues correlates well with the tumor grade. For example, the concentrations in a locally extended CaP lesion (191 +/- 7.9 milliunits/mg protein), and low-grade tumors (9.4 +/- 1.4 milliunits/mg protein), respectively. Among the primary epithelial explant cultures, CaP cultures secrete at least 10-fold higher levels of hyaluronidase that those secreted by NAP and BPH cultures. Furthermore, among the established prostate cancer cell lines, DU145, an androgen-unresponsive metastatic line, secretes 4-fold more hyaluronidase than LNCaP, an androgen-responsive and relatively well-differentiated cell line. We also show that prostatic hyaluronidase has an apparent M(r) approximate to 55,000, a pH optimum of 4.6, and is distinct from other well-characterized hyaluronidases.
DB-2073, a new alkylresorcinol antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization. (1975)

A new antibiotic, DB-2073, was isolated in crystalline form from the fermented broth of Pseudomonas sp. B-9004. The compound is a alkylresorcinol antibiotic. The antibiotic melts at 86-88 degrees C. The molecular weight of 236 was determined by mass spectroscopy and the molecular formula was calculated as C15H24O2. The antibiotic has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi.
Mutagenicity of oxygen free radicals. (1982)

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) was used as an intracellular generator of oxygen free radicals and was found to be highly mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium. It caused both base-pair substitution and frameshift mutations. Paraquat was much more toxic and mutagenic in a simple nutritionally restricted medium than in a rich complex medium. The mutagenicity of paraquat was dependent upon the presence of a supply of both electrons and oxygen. Cells containing high levels of superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) were more resistant to the toxicity and the mutagenicity of paraquat than were cells containing normal levels of this enzyme. The mutagenicity of paraquat thus appears to be due to its ability to exacerbate the intracellular production of superoxide radicals.
The Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 (MS1) gene is a transcriptional regulator of male gametogenesis, with homology to the PHD‐finger family of transcription factors (2001)

We report here the molecular characterisation of the Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 gene, which is a critical sporophytic controlling factor for anther and pollen development. Homozygous ms1 mutants do not produce viable pollen, but are otherwise phenotypically normal. Degeneration of pollen occurs soon after microspore release from the tetrads, at which time the tapetum also appears abnormally vacuolated. The MS1 gene is expressed at low levels in anthers from closed buds, with expression in the tapetum at the stage of microspore release. No expression is seen in open flowers. The deduced MS1 protein sequence shows strong homology to the PHD-finger motif found in known transcription factors from humans, yeast and higher plants. Six alleles of ms1 have been identified; all result in premature termination of the MS1 protein and loss of the PHD-finger motif. MS1 is likely to play a key role in regulating transcription during specific stages of male gametogenesis and anther development. As such, MS1 provides a valuable tool for the manipulation of male sterility in higher plants.
CCR5 antagonists: from discovery to clinical efficacy (2007)

CCR5 is a prototypically inflammatory chemokine receptor belonging to the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. This family is generally considered druggable and well represented in marketed drugs [1]–[6]. The CCR5 receptor is expressed on numerous host defense cells including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells and microglia [4, 5]. Interaction of CCR5 with its ligands MIP-1α, MIP-1β (CCL3/CCL4) or RANTES (CCL5) results in a conformational change in the seven transmembrane domain initiating a signaling cascade through heterotrimeric G-proteins ultimately giving rise to migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation [2, 5]. Due to the well documented role of CCR5 in the immune system, it has been implicated in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), transplant rejection, gastric disorders, diabetes and myeloma [7]. Perhaps the biggest driver behind the development of CCR5 receptor antagonists was the discovery that CCR5 plays an important role as a co-receptor for macrophage tropic HIV-1 strains to facilitate viral fusion and entry into host cells [5], [8]–[12]. In addition, individuals with a mutation in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32) lacking expression of CCR5 on the cell surface are resistance to HIV-1 infection without notable immune system effects [13, 14], thus validating pharmaceutical intervention with a CCR5 antagonist.
Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies, Cardiovascular Events, and Azithromycin in Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction (1997)

An increased anti-Cp antibody titre may be a predictor for further adverse cardiovascular events in post-MI patients. Taking a short course of azithromycin may lower this risk, possibly by acting against Cp.
Olefin metathesis applied to cellulose derivatives—Synthesis, analysis, and properties of new crosslinked cellulose plastic films (2004)

Abstract New crosslinked cellulose‐based plastic films were synthesized with olefin metathesis as a crosslinking reaction. Microcrystalline cellulose was first dissolved in a lithium chloride/ N,N ‐dimethylacetamide solvent system and acylated by ω‐undecenoyl chloride under microwave irradiation with N,N ‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyridine as the catalyst. Cellulose unsaturated fatty acyl esters with a degree of substitution (DS) ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 were then crosslinked by olefin metathesis with a first generation Grubbs catalyst. Crosslinking ratios ( T ) ranging from 20 to 90% were obtained for low catalyst amounts (&lt;1.2%), but gels appeared when T was too high. To avoid this gel formation, cellulose was acylated with a mixture of lauroyl and ω‐undecenoyl chlorides. This internal dilution allowed us to obtain films of every case and various T (varying from 10 to 80% for a catalyst amount below 3.5%). Plastics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the fatty acid mixture resulting from the hydrolysis of cellulose esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and NMR spectroscopy. Mechanical properties showed that the elastic modulus and tensile failure stress was higher when the plastic films were crosslinked. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 407–418, 2005
T cells expressing CD19-specific Engager Molecules for the Immunotherapy of CD19-positive Malignancies (2016)

T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or the infusion of bispecific T-cell engagers (BITEs) have shown antitumor activity in humans for CD19-positive malignancies. While BITEs redirect the large reservoir of resident T cells to tumors, CAR T cells rely on significant in vivo expansion to exert antitumor activity. We have shown that it is feasible to modify T cells to secrete solid tumor antigen-specific BITEs, enabling T cells to redirect resident T cells to tumor cells. To adapt this approach to CD19-positive malignancies we now generated T cells expressing secretable, CD19-specific BITEs (CD19-ENG T cells). CD19-ENG T cells recognized tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner as judged by cytokine production and tumor killing, and redirected bystander T cells to tumor cells. Infusion of CD19-ENG T cells resulted in regression of leukemia or lymphoma in xenograft models and a survival advantage in comparison to control mice. Genetically modified T cells expressing engager molecules may present a promising addition to current CD19-targeted immunotherapies.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Iron Chelators with Anti-Proliferative Activity:  Structure−Activity Relationships of Novel Thiohydrazone Analogues (2007)

Di-2-pyridylketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone Fe chelators utilize the N,N,O-donor set and have moderate anti-proliferative effects. Their closely related N,N,S-thiosemicarbazone analogues, namely, the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones, exhibit markedly increased anti-proliferative and redox activity, and this was thought to be due to the inclusion of a sulfur donor atom (Richardson, D. R. et al. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 6510-6521). To further examine the effect of donor atom identity on anti-proliferative activity, we synthesized thiohydrazone analogues of extensively examined aroylhydrazone chelators. The O,N,S-thiohydrazones exhibited decreased anti-proliferative effects compared to their parent aroylhydrazones and reduced redox activity. In contrast, the N,N,S-thiohydrazones showed vastly increased anti-proliferative activity compared to their hydrazone analogues, being comparable to potent thiosemicarbazones. Additionally, N,N,S-thiohydrazone complexes had reversible FeIII/II couples and exhibited increased redox activity. These observations demonstrate that the N,N,S-donor set is critical for potent anti-proliferative efficacy.