gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral neuropathy in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and electrophysiologic study (1995)

Peripheral nerve abnormalities are uncommon in multiple sclerosis (MS). When present, they are usually attributed to factors associated with advanced disease, such as malnutrition or cytotoxic drugs. We prospectively evaluated 22 mildly disabled MS patients with sensory complaints for evidence of neuropathy using the Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS), clinical examination, and electrophysiologic studies of peripheral nerves. Distal latency, F-wave response, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and amplitude in the ulnar, median, tibial, peroneal and sural nerves were examined. Neuropathy was recorded if electrophysiologic abnormalities were detected in at least two peripheral nerves in the same patient. The most frequent electrophysiologic abnormalities noted were prolonged F-wave response and low motor amplitude in the peroneal nerve, slow sensory conduction velocities of the ulnar and sural nerves, and prolonged distal latencies in the sensory ulnar and sural nerves. Electrophysiologic abnormalities were found in 33 of 244 nerves examined (14.7%) and occurred in 10 patients (45.5%). Neuropathic symptoms were mild and did not correlate with electrophysiologic abnormalities. Age, disease duration, disease course and neurologic disability as evaluated by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale, were not associated with the presence of neuropathy. Our findings indicate a high frequency of sensory-motor neuropathy in a selected group of MS patients.
The Rise of Azide–Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar ‘Click’ Cycloaddition and its Application to Polymer Science and Surface Modification (2007)

New methods to synthesize and functionalize polymers are of constant interest to the polymer scientist. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and terminal alkyne has received much attention since the reports that copper(i) provides high yields and regioselective synthesis of 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This coupling chemistry has been rapidly adopted by polymer scientists in the synthesis and post-polymerization modification of polymers. This Review will provide the historical context of the recent development of the copper-mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition and its use in polymer science, particularly in dendrimer synthesis/functionalization, surface immobilization/modification, orthogonally functionalizing polymers, and its integration with ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization).
Width of the 2.186-MeV1−Level inNd144 (1969)

The resonant scattering of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays has been observed for the 2.186-MeV ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$. The electron bremsstrahlung from a Van de Graaff accelerator served as the exciting $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation. The scattered radiation was observed with a 40-${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ Ge(Li) detector. If the value $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}=0.71$ is used for the branching ratio, the measured scattering yield corresponds to a partial width ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}=(3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ eV for the ground-state transition. The reduced $E1$ transition probability for the ground-state transition is intermediate between the $B(E1)'\mathrm{s}$ for the "spherical" nucleus ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{148}$ and the deformed nucleus ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{152}$. A level with spin 2 and with an excitation energy of 2.074 MeV has also been excited in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$. From the observed scattering, $\frac{{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ eV is obtained for this level.
Combining Atomic Force Microscopic Lithography with Photolithography (2000)

We developed a method that combines atomic force microscopic (AFM) lithography with photolithography. This method uses small-step structures on the resist surface, fabricated by slight development, to align the patterns produced by photolithography and AFM lithography. We used this hybrid method to fabricate narrow wire patterns that led to large contact-pad patterns and demonstrated it's effectiveness at reducing drawing time and lengths.
Electrokinetic flow control in microfluidic chips using a field-effect transistor (2006)

A field-effect transistor is developed to control flow in microfluidic chips by modifying the surface charge condition. In this investigation, zeta potential at a particular location is altered locally by applying a gate voltage, while zeta potential at other locations is maintained at its original value. This non-uniform zeta potential results in a secondary electroosmotic flow in the lateral direction, which is used for flow control in microgeometries. Here, microchannel structures and field-effect transistors are formed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography techniques, and a micro particle image velocimetry technique is used to obtain high resolution velocity distribution in the controlled region. The flow control is observed at relatively low gate voltage (less than 50 V), and this local flow control is primarily due to current leakage through the interface between PDMS and glass layers. A leakage capacitance model is introduced to estimate the modified zeta potential for the straight channel case, and excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental zeta potential results. This leakage-current based field-effect is then applied to a T-channel junction to control flow in the branch channel. Experiments show that the amount of discharge in the branch channel can be controlled by modulating gate voltage.
[S40]: Dissociation of corticothalamic and thalamocortical axon targeting by an ephA7‐mediated mechanism (2006)

The mechanisms that are involved in regulating the development of reciprocal corticothalamic (CT) and thalamocortical (TC) projections are poorly understood. Hypotheses about required physical interactions in the internal capsule, the so-called ‘hand-shake’ between CT and TC prevail, suggesting that the axons originating from distinct nuclei of the thalamus and areas of the neocortex actively guide each other to their appropriate reciprocal targets during development. Our own and other mapping studies show complementary gradients of EphA and ephrin-A expression, located both between as well as within specific cortical areas and their corresponding thalamic nuclei. We investigated a putative role for EphA-ephrin signalling using in utero electroporation-mediated over-expression or suppression by siRNA. The levels of cortical expression of EphA7 control the within-nucleus topography of CT projections. This process is independent of the relative positioning of CT axons within the internal capsule. Moreover, the CT axons over- or under-expressing EphA7 do not shift relative to ephrin-A gradients in the subcortical telencephalon, which are important for TC guidance. Even with disruption of EphA7 expression in the cortex, topographic targeting of TC axons was normal. These results suggest that EphA7-mediated control of CT axon targeting is independent of the putative interactions with specific populations of TC axons. Together with their known role in TC mapping, our results support a novel model in which EphA/ephrin-A signalling controls independently, and through unique mechanisms, the precision with which CT and TC projections develop, yet are essential for establishing their topographic reciprocity. Support Contributed: NIMH grant MH45507 and NICHD P30 grant HD15052.
Cancer chemoprevention by aliphatic selenocyanates: effect of chain length on inhibition of mammary tumors and DMBA adducts (1995)

The objective of this study was to examine the anticarcinogenic activity of a series of aliphatic selenocyanates with increasing length of the carbon side chain, CH3-(CH2)n-SeCN, in which n = 0, 2, 4 or 6. Their ability to prevent mammary cancer was evaluated during the initiation phase using the rat 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model. Each compound was added to the diet at a final concentration of 2 p.p.m. Se and was given from 2 weeks before to 1 week after DMBA administration. Analysis of the tumor data suggested the following order of chemopreventive potency for this series of aliphatic selenocyanates: heptyl approximately pentyl > propyl > methyl. Thus it appears that the length of the carbon side chain is a determinant in modulating the efficacy of these selenium homologs. In vivo results of total DMBA binding and adduct formation in the mammary cells showed a similar trend of progressive reductions following treatment by selenocyanates with increasing length of the alkyl side chain. These studies strongly indicate that aliphatic selenocyanates are effective blocking agents in the DMBA model and are capable of modulating events in the initiation phase of mammary carcinogenesis.
Changes in systemic vascular resistance detected by the arterial resistometer: preliminary report of a new method tested during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. (1986)

A recently developed apparatus provides on-line continuous monitoring of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by means of simple computer analysis of the peripheral arterial waveform. The fundamental equation of this method is Ri = P'/(dP/dt), where dP/dt is the peak dP/dt of the peripheral arterial waveform, P' is the pressure at time of peak dP/dt, and Ri is a resistance index that bears a direct relation to SVR. Eleven patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were studied to evaluate the changes in SVR associated with myocardial ischemia (angina detection). There were 49 balloon inflations, all of which were associated with an increase in Ri (from 38.4 +/- 12 to 81.2 +/- 36 X 10(-3) sec; p less than .01) and a decrease in dP/dt (from 2076 +/- 257 to 1327 +/- 326 mm Hg/sec; p less than .01). In 42 of the balloon inflations these changes were associated with electrocardiographic ST-T changes and in 23 it was also associated with anginal pain. When angina was present, a further increase in Ri (to 97.5 +/- 43 X 10(-3) sec; p less than .01) and a decrease in dP/dt (to 1218 +/- 338 mm Hg/sec; p less than .01) was observed. It was found that myocardial ischemia is associated with an increase in the resistance index and a decrease in dP/dt and can be detected by the resistometer.
美国的文学研究新动向──兼为纪念威廉·李玎斯而作 (1995)

美国的文学研究新动向──兼为纪念威廉·李玎斯而作［美国］Ｊ．希里斯·米勒，盛宁译编者按：Ｊ．希利斯·米勒（Ｊ．ＨｉｌｌｉｓＭｉｌｌｅｒ），美国当代著名文学批评家，１９５３年至１９７２年在约翰·霍普金斯大学任教授，１９７２年至１９８６年在耶鲁大学任教授...
Functional domains of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, transdominant inhibition, and transformation suppression. (1993)

The wild-type (wt) p53 protein has transcriptional activation functions which may be linked to its tumor suppressor activity. Many mutant p53 proteins expressed in cancers have lost the ability to function as transcriptional activators and furthermore may inhibit wt p53 function. To study the mechanisms by which mutant forms of p53 have lost their transactivation function and can act in a dominant negative manner, a structure-function analysis of both mutant and engineered truncated forms of p53 was carried out. We show that different mutant p53 proteins found in cancers vary in the ability to inhibit the transcriptional transactivation and specific DNA binding activities of wt human p53. This transdominant effect was mediated through the carboxy-terminal oligomerization region. The role of the transactivation activity in transformation suppression by wt p53 was also examined by constructing an N-terminal deletion mutant lacking the transactivation domain. This mutant was unable to transactivate but could bind specifically to DNA. Although it was impaired in its ability to suppress transformation of primary rat embryo fibroblasts by adenovirus E1A plus activated ras, the N-terminal deletion mutant still had some suppression activity, suggesting that additional functions of p53 may contribute to transformation suppression.
Permanent Alteration of PCSK9 With In Vivo CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing (2014)

Genome editing with the CRISPR-CRISPR-associated 9 system disrupts the Pcsk9 gene in vivo with high efficiency and reduces blood cholesterol levels in mice. This approach may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in humans.
The Development of HKI‐272 and Related Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer (2008)

The development of HKI-272 and EKB-569 for the treatment of cancer is described. These compounds function as irreversible inhibitors of some members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. In particular, they target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2, also known as ErbB-2). Both, HKI-272 and EKB-569 are 4-anilino-3-cyano quinoline derivatives that contain a 4-(dimethylamino)crotonamide Michael-acceptor group at the 6-position. These compounds inhibit the function of the target enzymes by forming a covalent interaction with a conserved cysteine residue located in the kinase domains of these proteins. The potential advantages of using irreversible inhibitors for this purpose are discussed. We summarize the recent findings concerning some somatic mutations in EGFR and their relevance with respect to the irreversible inhibitors. In particular, we highlight the findings that these irreversible inhibitors retain activity against tumors that have acquired a resistance to the reversible binding inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. The promising interim clinical trial results for HKI-272 and EKB-569 in treating colon, lung, and breast cancers are summarized.
Monoacetoacetin and protein metabolism during parenteral nutrition in burned rats (1985)

The effect of intravenous infusion of monoacetoacetin (glycerol monoacetoacetate) as a non-protein energy source was evaluated in burned rats. During 3 days of parenteral nutrition, in which animals received 14 g of amino acids/kg body wt. per day exclusively (group I) or with the addition of isoenergetic amounts (523 kJ/kg per day) of dextrose (group II), a 1:1 mixture of dextrose and monoacetoacetin (group III) or monoacetoacetin (group IV), significant decreases in urinary nitrogen excretion and whole-body leucine oxidation were observed in the three groups given additional non-protein energy as compared with group I. Serum ketone bodies (acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate) were decreased in rats given dextrose, whereas glucose and insulin increased significantly. Monoacetoacetin-infused animals (group IV) had high concentrations of ketone bodies without changes in glucose and insulin, whereas animals infused with both monoacetoacetin and glucose (group III) showed intermediate values. On day 4 of nutritional support, whole-body L-leucine kinetics were measured by using a constant infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine. In comparison with group I, the addition of dextrose or monoacetoacetin produced a significant decrease in plasma leucine appearance and release from whole-body protein breakdown. Gastrocnemius-muscle protein-synthesis rates were also higher in the three groups receiving additional non-protein energy. These findings suggest that monoacetoacetin can effectively replace dextrose as an intravenous energy source in stressed rats. Both fuels are similar in decreasing weight loss, nitrogen excretion, leucine release from whole-body protein breakdown and oxidation, in spite of differences in energy substrate and insulin concentrations.
Culture of Human Tumor Cells (2003)

Preface.Contributors.List of Abbreviations.1. Growth of Human Lung Tumor Cells in Culture (Reen Wu).2. Culture of Normal and Malignant Gastric Epithelium (Jae-Gahb Park, Ja-Lok Ku, Hee-Sung Kim, So-Yeon Park and Michael J. Rutten).3. Establishment of Cell Lines from Colon Carcinoma (Robert H. Whitehead).4. Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Cultured Cells: Genetic Alterations and Application to an Experimental Model of Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis (Haruo Iguchi, Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Masaki Shono, Akira Kono and Soichi Takiguchi).5. The Establishment and Characterization of Bladder Cancer Cultures In Vitro (Vivian X. Fu, Steven R. Schwarze, Catherine A. Reznikoff and David F. Jarrard).6. Long-term Culture of Normal and Malignant Human Prostate Epithelial Cells (Robert K. Bright and Jennifer D. Lewis).7. The Development of Human Ovarian Epithelial Tumor Cell Lines from Solid Tumors and Ascites (Anne P. Wilson).8. Culture of Cervical Carcinoma Tumor Cell Lines (Peter Stern, Catherine West and Deborah Burt).9. Primary Culture of Human Mammary Tumor Cells (Valerie Speirs).10. Myoepithelium: Methods of Culture and Study (Sanford H. Barsky and Mary L. Alpaugh).11. Multistage Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Kirsten G. Edington, Isabella J. Berry, Margaret O'Prey, Julie E. Burns, Louise J. Clark, Roy Mitchell, Gerry Robertson, David Soutar, Lesley W. Coggins and E. Kenneth Parkinson).12. Culture of Melanocytes from Normal, Benign, and Malignant Lesions (Ruth Halaban).13. Establishment and Culture of Human Leukemia-Lymphoma Cell Lines (Hans G. Drexler).14. In Vitro Culture of Malignant Brain Tumors (John L. Darling).15. Culture of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells (Roswitha Pfragner, Annemarie Behmel, Elisabeth Ingolic and Gerhard H. Wirnsberger).Suppliers).Index.
Tryptophan derivatives regulate the transcription of Oct4 in stem-like cancer cells (2015)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to environmental toxicants, is increasingly recognized as a key player in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here we show that a variety of tryptophan derivatives that act as endogenous AhR ligands can affect the transcription level of the master pluripotency factor Oct4. Among them, ITE enhances the binding of the AhR to the promoter of Oct4 and suppresses its transcription. Reduction of endogenous ITE levels in cancer cells by tryptophan deprivation or hypoxia leads to Oct4 elevation, which can be reverted by administration with synthetic ITE. Consequently, synthetic ITE induces the differentiation of stem-like cancer cells and reduces their tumorigenic potential in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumour models. Thus, our results reveal a role of tryptophan derivatives and the AhR signalling pathway in regulating cancer cell stemness and open a new therapeutic avenue to target stem-like cancer cells.
Ring Transformation of Heterocycles: Part 3. A Conversion of 4-Amino-D2-1,2,4-oxadiazolines into 2-Arylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and Oxaanalogues (1994)

4-min no-~2-1,2,4-oxadiazolines (1) are transformed into the corresponding 2-arylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5) or thiadiazoles (6) via reaction with phenyl isocyanate (or phenyl isothiocyanate), followed by brief treatment of the resulting adducts (2 and 3) with trifluoroacetic anhydride at ambient temperature.Treatment of compounds (1) with trifluoroacetic anhydride gave 2-hifluoromethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (8).Recently, we reportedl on the transformation of 4-amino-~2-1,2,4-oxadiazolines (1) into 1,3,4oxadiazoles upon &eatment of the former compounds, or their N-acyl derivatives, with chloroacetic anhydride in boiling toluene.In extension of this work, we now describe the preparation of some N-carboxamido-(2) and Nthiocarboxamido derivatives (3) of compounds (1) and their facile transformation into 2alylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5) and 2-arylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6).Compounds (2) and (3) were accessible through condensation of 4-amino-~2-1,2,4-oxadiazolines (1) with phenyl Isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate, respectively.
Structure and Function of Milk Protein Genes (1993)

Interspecies comparisons of cDNA and mosaic milk protein genes have confirmed their high rate of evolution, but the overall gene organization has been conserved. The three Ca-sensitive casein genes, which share common motifs in the promoter region and contain similar sequences that encode signal peptide and multiple phosphorylation sites, probably derived from a common ancestor. alpha s1- and alpha s2-casein genes, divided into many small exons, undergo complex splicing, and the deleted caseins arise from exon skipping. The four bovine casein genes are clustered on 200 kb of chromosome 6. alpha-Lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin pseudogenes occur in ruminants. Study of the expression of native and modified milk protein genes in mammary cell lines and transgenic animals and DNA footprinting have shown the occurrence of important regulatory motifs in the proximal 5' flanking region, including one recognized by a specific mammary nuclear factor. Good stage- and tissue-specific expression has been obtained in transgenic animals with milk protein genes having less than a 3-kb 5' flanking region. Better knowledge of both the structure and function of milk protein genes, which has already allowed the use of powerful techniques for the rapid identification of alleles, offers the potential for the genetic modification of milk composition.
IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 are Reciprocally Altered in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2010)

We conclude that increased IQGAP1 and/or decreased IQGAP2 contribute to the pathogenesis of human HCC. Furthermore, downregulation of IQGAP2 in HCC occurs independently of hypermethylation of the Iqgap2 promoter. Immunostaining of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 may aid in the diagnosis of HCC, and their pharmacologic modulation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
rSW-seq: Algorithm for detection of copy number alterations in deep sequencing data (2010)

We propose rSW-seq as an efficient method for detecting copy number changes in the tumor genome.
Comparative Study of the Detection of Chromium Content in Rice Leaves by 532 nm and 1064 nm Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2018)

Fast detection of toxic metals in crops is important for monitoring pollution and ensuring food safety. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect the chromium content in rice leaves. We investigated the influence of laser wavelength (532 nm and 1064 nm excitation), along with the variations of delay time, pulse energy, and lens-to-sample distance (LTSD), on the signal (sensitivity and stability) and plasma features (temperature and electron density). With the optimized experimental parameters, univariate analysis was used for quantifying the chromium content, and several preprocessing methods (including background normalization, area normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) transformation and standardized normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to further improve the analytical performance. The results indicated that 532 nm excitation showed better sensitivity than 1064 nm excitation, with a detection limit around two times lower. However, the prediction accuracy for both excitation wavelengths was similar. The best result, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9849, root-mean-square error of 3.89 mg/kg and detection limit of 2.72 mg/kg, was obtained using the SNV transformed signal (Cr I 425.43 nm) induced by 532 nm excitation. The results indicate the inspiring capability of LIBS for toxic metals detection in plant materials.
Short-Duration High-Frequency Quasi-Sinusoidal Magnetic Field Generator (2005)

This paper presents a short-time high-frequency sinusoidal magnetic field generator to study the frequency response of a magnetic sensor. The prototype is able to generate magnetic fields up to 35 mT at a frequency of 1 MHz. Higher and lower frequencies can be easily reached changing the value of a capacitor.