gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Person Searches for Retail Loss Detection : Application and Evaluation (2019)

We describe a novel computer-vision based system for facilitating the search for people across multiple non-overlapping cameras. The system has been applied in a retail environment most specifically for returns fraud prevention. The system detects and tracks people in multiple cameras and enables rapid cross-camera association of tracks. The system has been tested in a real store environment and we present results with a breakdown of error types.
Phenotype and genotype report on homozygous and heterozygous patients with congenital factor X deficiency (2008)

Factor X deficiency is a severe rare hemorrhagic condition inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is one of the most severe recessive inherited coagulation disorders. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory phenotype and genotype in 10 patients with severe Factor X deficiency and in their heterozygous relatives. The most frequent bleeding episodes were hematomas (70%) and gum bleeding (60%). Fifty percent of the homozygous patients required blood transfusion and one-third of heterozygotes required treatment after surgery or delivery. The genetic characterization revealed six different missense mutations, two of which were novel: p.Glu69Lys and p.Asp103His. Haplotype analysis, performed with intra- and extra- FX gene polymorphic markers in Indian, Iranian and Italian patients with the same mutations failed to establish identity by descent, despite the same Caucasian origin. In conclusion, factor X deficiency was confirmed to be one of the most serious among rare bleeding disorders and genetically heterogeneous in different populations.
Skin lens: Skin assessment video filters (2014)

This paper presents a framework for real-time skin analysis. Our system consists of two filters for skin redness analysis and pigmented skin lesions analysis. In skin redness analysis, we search for skin regions in video frames and assess size and degree of redness in skin regions. In order to analyze pigmented skin lesions we localize potential moles of different sizes utilizing multiple difference of Gaussian filters and apply trained Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbors to eliminate non-mole candidates from the previous stage. After finding mole candidates we present information about the symmetry and border irregularity of candidate moles. To test real-time performance of our system a prototype application on iPhone 4S and iPhone 5S was implemented.
Agribusiness Capstone Courses Design: Objectives and Strategies (2003)

This paper discusses the benefits of using strategic management principles as the cornerstone for building the agribusiness capstone experience. The necessity for agribusiness firms to create and implement strategies that build a sustainable competitive advantage in turn necessitates the development of strategic management skills in the leaders/managers of the future. As such, the objectives of a capstone course lean heavily toward the integrative development of strategic decision-making competence. This has a number of implications for the capstone professor in terms of course content, pedagogies, and subsequent measurement of student performance.
Wavelet-based statistical signal processing using hidden Markov models (1998)

Wavelet-based statistical signal processing techniques such as denoising and detection typically model the wavelet coefficients as independent or jointly Gaussian. These models are unrealistic for many real-world signals. We develop a new framework for statistical signal processing based on wavelet-domain hidden Markov models (HMMs) that concisely models the statistical dependencies and non-Gaussian statistics encountered in real-world signals. Wavelet-domain HMMs are designed with the intrinsic properties of the wavelet transform in mind and provide powerful, yet tractable, probabilistic signal models. Efficient expectation maximization algorithms are developed for fitting the HMMs to observational signal data. The new framework is suitable for a wide range of applications, including signal estimation, detection, classification, prediction, and even synthesis. To demonstrate the utility of wavelet-domain HMMs, we develop novel algorithms for signal denoising, classification, and detection.
Biological effects of epidermal growth factor, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract and liver: An update (1989)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 6,000 Da polypeptide hormone produced by glands of the gastrointestinal tract, namely the salivary and Brunner's glands. It is found in a wide variety of external secretions as well as in blood and amniotic fluid. In fetal and neonatal life, EGF appears to play an important role in the development of the oral cavity, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and eyelids. Its presence in cells of the central nervous system suggests that it also plays a role in modulating the development of this system. In adult animals, the function of EGF is much less well understood. In rodents, it apparently modulates acid secretion from parietal cells in the stomach, and it undoubtedly plays an important role in wound healing, either through its localization within skin or by the licking of wounds with EGF-containing saliva. Considerable evidence now suggests that it may be one of the key factors in initiating liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy or chemical injury. The liver appears to be the principal organ which regulates the circulating level of EGF. In fact, EGF is cleared so efficiently by the liver that only the peripheral cells of the lobule (zone 1) sequester EGF, and little remains in the circulation for cells in the more distal zones (zones 2 and 3). In the liver, EGF normally binds to a plasma membrane receptor and is internalized within the liver cell, where the vast majority of EGF and its receptor are destroyed in lysosomes. A small but consistent quantity of EGF enters the bile intact. In the regenerating liver, however, the lysosomal pathway appears to be shut down, and the EGF is diverted to hepatocyte nuclei prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis. Nuclear EGF is found free as well as bound to a high-molecular-weight protein which has many characteristics identical to the plasma membrane EGF receptor. The plasma membrane receptor is a large transmembrane glycoprotein of 170,000 Da containing four domains: an extracellular EGF-binding portion, a hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment, a proximal cytoplasmic domain which binds ATP and protein substrates containing tyrosine for phosphorylation and a terminal cytoplasmic portion with 3 tyrosines which undergo autophosphorylation after EGF binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea (1999)

Identification of common dietary substances capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. An antioxidant-rich polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (green tea polyphenols, GTPs) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties in experimental animals. In this study we determined the effect of oral consumption of GTP on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In three independent experiments mice given GTP in water exhibited significantly reduced incidence of arthritis (33% to 50%) as compared with mice not given GTP in water (84% to 100%). The arthritis index also was significantly lower in GTP-fed animals. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the arthritic joints in GTP-fed mice demonstrated only marginal joint infiltration by IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells as opposed to massive cellular infiltration and fully developed pannus in arthritic joints of non-GTP-fed mice. The neutral endopeptidase activity was approximately 7-fold higher in arthritic joints of non-GTP-fed mice in comparison to nonarthritic joints of unimmunized mice whereas it was only 2-fold higher in the arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Additionally, total IgG and type II collagen-specific IgG levels were lower in serum and arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Taken together our studies suggest that a polyphenolic fraction from green tea that is rich in antioxidants may be useful in the prevention of onset and severity of arthritis.
Aspects of the Cerebral Circulation During Non‐REM Sleep in Healthy Controls and Psychiatric Patients, as Shown by Rheoencephalography (1975)

ABSTRACT A total of 59 recordings of simultaneous EEG‐cerebral electrical impedance plethysmography (REG), in which periods of wakefulness drifted into light sleep, were considered; 32 of these recordings were from 9 healthy subjects, 27 were from 7 psychiatric patients (schizophrenics and organic brain syndromes). Digital measurements of three REG parameters and of two carotid‐vertebral artery blood transit times from representative samples of pulse‐volume waves were made from awake parts of each recording and compared with similarly obtained measurements from the subsequent sleeping portions. For the total group none of the neck transit times' differences reached significance but there were significant REG decreases of 11 and 15 percent in Amplitude for the left and right hemispheres respectively. Inflow Angle similarly fell by 4 (L) and 5 (R) percent; and Percent Rise Time decreased by 11 (L) and 5 (R) percent. Psychiatric patients could be distinguished from control subjects by their significantly greater decreases with sleep in both Amplitude (10 and 4 times greater for left and right sides) and Inflow Angle (by factors of 3 and 2 similarly). Our REG findings support those of other workers using alternative invasive methods to investigate cerebral circulation during non‐REM sleep in animals and man.
Can ultrasound be used to stimulate nerve tissue? (2003)

The proposed method could be used to locally stimulate active tissue by inducing an electric field in regions where the ultrasound is focused. Potential advantages of this method compared to TMS is that stimulation of cortical tissue could be highly localized as well as achieved at greater depths in the brain than is currently possible with TMS.
Identification of causal relationships among traits related to drought resistance in Stylosanthes scabra using QTL analysis (2001)

Previous studies have shown that a negative relationship exists between transpiration efficiency (TE) and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and between TE and specific leaf area (SLA) in Stylosanthes scabra . A glasshouse experiment was conducted to confirm these relationships in an F 2 population and to study the causal nature of these relationships through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. One hundred and twenty F 2 genotypes from a cross between two genotypes within S. scabra were used. Three replications for each genotype were maintained through vegetative propagation. Water stress was imposed by maintaining plants at 40% of field capacity for about 45 d. To facilitate QTL analysis, a genetic linkage map consisting of 151 RAPD markers was developed. Results from this study show that Δ was significantly and negatively correlated with TE and biomass production. Similarly, SLA showed significant negative correlation with TE and biomass production. Most of the QTL for TE and Δ were present on linkage groups 5 and 11. Similarly, QTL for SLA, transpiration and biomass productivity traits were clustered on linkage groups 13 and 24. One unlinked marker was also associated with these traits. There were several markers coincident between different traits. At all the coincident QTL, the direction of QTL effects was consistent with phenotypic data. At the coincident markers between TE and Δ, high alleles of TE were associated with low alleles of Δ. Similarly, low alleles of SLA were associated with high alleles of biomass productivity traits and transpiration. At the coincident markers between trans ‐4‐hydroxy‐ N ‐methyl proline (MHP) and relative water content (RWC), low alleles of MHP were associated with high alleles of RWC. This study suggests the causal nature of the relationship between TE and Δ. Phenotypic data and QTL data show that SLA was more closely associated with biomass production than with TE. This study also shows that a cause–effect relationship may exist between SLA and biomass production.
Ischaemic enterocolitis complicating idiopathic dysautonomia (1998)

A previously fit 23 year old adult male who presented with a sudden onset of profound autonomic neuropathy, for which no cause could be found, is described. The patient subsequently developed ischaemic enterocolitis that ultimately necessitated colectomy and subtotal enterectomy. Potential neural and humoral mechanisms are discussed.
Structural and Genetic Analyses of O Polysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Serotype f (2001)

The oral bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is implicated as a causative agent of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). A. actinomycetemcomitans is classified into five serotypes (a to e) corresponding to five structurally and antigenically distinct O polysaccharide (O-PS) components of their respective lipopolysaccharide molecules. Serotype b has been reported to be the dominant serotype isolated from LJP patients. We determined the lipopolysaccharide O-PS structure from A. actinomycetemcomitans CU1000, a strain isolated from a 13-year-old African-American female with LJP which had previously been classified as serotype b. The O-PS of strain CU1000 consisted of a trisaccharide repeating unit composed of L-rhamnose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (molar ratio, 2:1) with the structure -->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-3)-2-O-(beta-D-GalpNAc)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->* O-PS from strain CU1000 was structurally and antigenically distinct from the O-PS molecules of the five known A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Strain CU1000 was mutagenized with transposon IS903phikan, and three mutants that were deficient in O-PS synthesis were isolated. All three transposon insertions mapped to a single 1-kb region on the chromosome. The DNA sequence of a 13.1-kb region surrounding these transposon insertions contained a cluster of 14 open reading frames that was homologous to gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b, c, and e O-PS antigens. The CU1000 gene cluster contained two genes that were not present in serotype-specific O-PS antigen clusters of the other five known A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. These data indicate that strain CU1000 should be assigned to a new A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype, designated serotype f. A PCR assay using serotype-specific PCR primers showed that 3 out of 20 LJP patients surveyed (15%) harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans strains carrying the serotype f gene cluster. The finding of an A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype showing serological cross-reactivity with anti-serotype b-specific antiserum suggests that a reevaluation of strains previously classified as serotype b may be warranted.
SOA-Based Integration of Text Mining Services (2009)

Text Mining has established itself as a valuable tool for knowledge extraction in many commercial and scientific areas. Accordingly, a large number of different methods have been developed focusing on a broad range of different tasks. We report on a novel system architecture that is fundamentally service-based, i.e., it models and implements text mining and knowledge extraction routines as independent, yet federated services. The system has several layers: (1) Base services perform various fundamental extraction tasks. They all implement a fixed interface but keep their particular algorithms and functionality. (2) A metaservice acting as a central access point to those base services, thus providing a homogeneous interface to different algorithms. (3) An aggregation service on top of the metaservice which implements functionality to graphically show, compare, and aggregate the results of different base services. Each layer is accessible as a Web Service and thus ready to be integrated in applications that are higher up in the value chain, such as authoring tools or systems for the automatic construction of knowledge bases. We developed our system with a focus on the mining of Life Science text collections. It is available from http://www.bc-viscon.net.
Bats are a major natural reservoir for hepaciviruses and pegiviruses (2013)

Although there are over 1,150 bat species worldwide, the diversity of viruses harbored by bats has only recently come into focus as a result of expanded wildlife surveillance. Such surveys are of importance in determining the potential for novel viruses to emerge in humans, and for optimal management of bats and their habitats. To enhance our knowledge of the viral diversity present in bats, we initially surveyed 415 sera from African and Central American bats. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing revealed the presence of a highly diverse group of bat-derived viruses related to hepaciviruses and pegiviruses within the family Flaviridae. Subsequent PCR screening of 1,258 bat specimens collected worldwide indicated the presence of these viruses also in North America and Asia. A total of 83 bat-derived viruses were identified, representing an infection rate of nearly 5%. Evolutionary analyses revealed that all known hepaciviruses and pegiviruses, including those previously documented in humans and other primates, fall within the phylogenetic diversity of the bat-derived viruses described here. The prevalence, unprecedented viral biodiversity, phylogenetic divergence, and worldwide distribution of the bat-derived viruses suggest that bats are a major and ancient natural reservoir for both hepaciviruses and pegiviruses and provide insights into the evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus and the human GB viruses.
Equilibrium Theory–Based Analysis of Nonlinear Waves in Separation Processes (2013)

Different areas of engineering, particularly separation process technology, deal with one-dimensional, nonstationary processes that under reasonable assumptions, namely negligible dispersion effects and transport resistances, are described by mathematical models consisting of systems of first-order partial differential equations. Their behavior is characterized by continuous or discontinuous composition (or thermal) fronts that propagate along the separation unit. The equilibrium theory (i.e., the approach discussed here to determine the solution to these model equations) predicts this with remarkable accuracy, despite the simplifications and assumptions. Interesting applications are in adsorption, chromatography and ion-exchange, distillation, gas injection, heat storage, sedimentation, precipitation, and dissolution waves. We show how mathematics can enlighten the engineering aspects, and we guide the researcher not only to reach a synthetic understanding of properties of fundamental and applicative interest but also to discover new, unexpected, and fascinating phenomena. The tools presented here are useful to teachers, researchers, and practitioners alike.
Molecular virology of hepatitis C virus: an update with respect to potential antiviral targets. (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive-strand enveloped RNA virus, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Cis-acting RNA elements and virus-encoded polypeptides required for HCV replication represent attractive targets for the development of antiviral therapies. Internal ribosome entry site-directed translation of HCV genome RNA produces a long polyprotein which is co- and post-translationally processed to yield at least 10 viral proteins. A host signal peptidase is responsible for maturation of the structural proteins located in the N-terminal one-third of the polyprotein. Thus far, four enzymatic activities encoded by the non-structural (NS) proteins have been reported. The NS2-3 region encodes an autoproteinase responsible for cleavage at the 2/3 site. The N-terminal one-third of NS3 functions as the catalytic subunit of a serine proteinase which cleaves at the 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A and 5A/5B sites, and NS4A is an essential cofactor for some of these cleavages. NS3 also encodes an RNA-stimulated NTPase/RNA helicase at its C terminus, and NS5B has been shown to possess an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. To date, no functions have been reported for NS4B or NS5A in RNA replication, however, NS5A has been implicated in modulating the sensitivity of HCV to interferon. Sequence and structural conservation within the 3' terminal 98 bases of genomic RNA suggest a functional importance in the virus life-cycle and hence another target for antiviral intervention. Recently, HCV infection was shown to be initiated in chimpanzees following intrahepatic inoculation of RNA transcribed from cloned HCV cDNA. The ability to generate large quantities of infectious HCV RNA may facilitate the development of reliable cell culture replication systems useful for the evaluation of antiviral drugs.
DeepDrug3D: Classification of ligand-binding pockets in proteins with a convolutional neural network (2019)

Comprehensive characterization of ligand-binding sites is invaluable to infer molecular functions of hypothetical proteins, trace evolutionary relationships between proteins, engineer enzymes to achieve a desired substrate specificity, and develop drugs with improved selectivity profiles. These research efforts pose significant challenges owing to the fact that similar pockets are commonly observed across different folds, leading to the high degree of promiscuity of ligand-protein interactions at the system-level. On that account, novel algorithms to accurately classify binding sites are needed. Deep learning is attracting a significant attention due to its successful applications in a wide range of disciplines. In this communication, we present DeepDrug3D, a new approach to characterize and classify binding pockets in proteins with deep learning. It employs a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network in which biomolecular structures are represented as voxels assigned interaction energy-based attributes. The current implementation of DeepDrug3D, trained to detect and classify nucleotide- and heme-binding sites, not only achieves a high accuracy of 95%, but also has the ability to generalize to unseen data as demonstrated for steroid-binding proteins and peptidase enzymes. Interestingly, the analysis of strongly discriminative regions of binding pockets reveals that this high classification accuracy arises from learning the patterns of specific molecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, aromatic and hydrophobic contacts. DeepDrug3D is available as an open-source program at https://github.com/pulimeng/DeepDrug3D with the accompanying TOUGH-C1 benchmarking dataset accessible from https://osf.io/enz69/.