gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
President's message (2013)

Our meeting in November with the Society Review Committee (SRC) went off extremely well. This meeting was held at the IEEE Technical Activities event in New Bruns wick, NJ. The Society was represented by President-Elect Tapan Sarkar, Secretary/Treasurer Scott Tyo, Life AdCom member Ross Stone, and myself. The SRC was chaired by Ed Rezek, and he and his committee asked many probing questions on the operation of the Society. Detailed discussions centered on matters relating to delivery of benefits to the Society members, such as continuing education; cooperation with Societies with common interests; the recruitment of new members; and succession planning for AdCom. The Commit tee considered that the Society was performing well in most areas, but minor improvements were suggested in some areas. We should receive the Committee's formal report soon, and then we have a month in which to respond.
Molecular genetics of human chromosome 21. (1987)

Chromosome 21 is the smallest autosome, comprising only about 1.9% of human DNA, but represents one of the most intensively studied regions of the genome. Much of the interest in chromosome 21 can be attributed to its association with Down's syndrome, a genetic disorder that afflicts one in every 700 to 1000 newborns. Although only 17 genes have been assigned to chromosome 21, a very large number of cloned DNA segments of unknown function have been isolated and regionally mapped. The majority of these segments detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and therefore represent useful genetic markers. Continued molecular genetic investigation of chromosome 21 will be central to elucidating molecular events leading to meiotic non-disjunction and consequent trisomy, the contribution of specific genes to the pathology of Down's syndrome, and the possible role of chromosome 21 in Alzheimer's disease and other as yet unmapped genetic defects.
Administration of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 affords brain protection with a wide therapeutic window against focal ischemic insult (2003)

We have reported previously the delayed and differential induction of p38alpha and p38beta mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in microglia and astrocytes, respectively, in brain after transient global ischemia. We report here the sustained induction and activation of p38alpha MAPK in activating microglia in rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The intraventricular administration of SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 30 min before MCAO reduced the infarct volume to 50% of the control, which was accompanied by the significant improvement of neurological deficits. More interestingly, the infarct volume was reduced to 72% and 77% when SB203580 was administered 6 hr and 12 hr after MCAO, respectively. The induction of various factors involved in inflammatory processes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was suppressed by the administration of SB203580 at 6 hr after MCAO. These results suggest that sustained activation of p38 MAPK pathway and p38 MAPK-associated inflammatory processes play a crucial role in postischemic brain.
Structure of Fab hGR-2 F6, a competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor (2000)

The monoclonal antibody hGR-2 F6 has been raised against the human glucagon receptor and shown to act as a competitive antagonist. As a first step in the structural characterization of the receptor, the crystal structure of the Fab fragment from this antibody is reported at 2.1 A resolution. The hGR-2 F6 Fab crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 76.14, b = 133.74, c = 37.46 A. A model generated by homology modelling was used as an aid in the chain-tracing and the Fab fragment structure was subsequently refined (final R factor = 21.7%). The structure obtained exhibits the typical immunoglobulin fold. Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) L1, L2, L3, H1 and H2 could be superposed onto standard canonical CDR loops. The H3 loop could be classified according to recently published rules regarding loop length, sequence and conformation. This loop is 14 residues long, with an approximate beta-hairpin geometry, which is distorted somewhat by the presence of two trans proline residues at the beginning of the loop. It is expected that this H3 loop will facilitate the design of synthetic probes for the glucagon receptor that may be used to investigate receptor activity.
Ectopic skeletal muscles derived from myoblasts implanted under the skin (1998)

We investigated the potential of cultured myoblasts to generate skeletal muscle in an ectopic site. Myoblasts from a clonal cell line or from expanded primary cultures were injected under the skin of the lumbar region of adult syngenic Balb/c mice. One to 7 weeks after injection, distinct muscles, of greater mass in mice injected with clonal myoblasts (6-78 mg, n=37) than in mice injected with primary myoblasts (1-7 mg, n=26), had formed between the subcutaneous panniculus carnosus muscle and the trunk muscles of host animals. These ectopic muscles exhibited spontaneous and/or electrically-evoked contractions after the second week and, when stimulated directly in vitro, isometric contractile properties similar to those of normal muscles. Histological, electron microscopical and tissue culture examination of these muscles revealed their largely mature morphology and phenotype. The fibres, most of which were branched, were contiguous, aligned and capillarised, exhibited normal sarcormeric protein banding patterns, and expressed muscle-specific proteins, including desmin, dystrophin, and isoforms of developmental and adult myosin heavy chain. Enveloping each fibre was a basal lamina, beneath which lay quiescent satellite cells, which could be stimulated to produce new muscle in culture. Presence of endplates (revealed by alpha-bungarotoxin and neurofilament staining), and the eventual loss of expression of neural cell adhesion molecule and extrasynaptic acetylcholine receptors, indicated that some fibres were innervated. That these muscle fibres were of implanted-cell origin was supported by the finding of Y-chromosome and a lack of dystrophin in ectopic muscles formed after subcutaneous injection of, respectively, male myoblasts into female mice and dystrophin-deficient (mdx) myoblasts into normal C57Bl/10 muscle. Our results demonstrate that an organised, functional muscle can be generated de novo from a disorganised mass of myoblasts implanted in an extramuscular subcutaneous site, whereby the host contributes significantly in providing support tissues and innervation. Our observations are also consistent with the idea that myogenic cells behave like tissue-specific stem cells, generating new muscle precursor (satellite) cells as well as mature muscle. Subcutaneous implantation of myoblasts may have a range of useful applications, from the study of myogenesis to the delivery of gene products.
Analysis of regulatory elements of E‐cadherin with reporter gene constructs in transgenic mouse embryos (2003)

Proper regulation of E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is important during early embryonic development and in organogenesis. In mice, E-cadherin is expressed from the fertilized egg onward and becomes down-regulated during gastrulation in mesoderm and its derivatives, but its expression is maintained in all epithelia. E-cadherin promoter analyses led to the identification of binding sites for two transcriptional repressors, Snail and SIP1, which are able to mediate down-regulation in vitro, but little is known about the regulatory elements that govern E-cadherin transcriptional activity in vivo. Here, we compared the developmentally regulated expression of a series of lacZ-reporter transgenes fused to different sequences of the murine E-cadherin gene between -6 kb, including the promoter, and +16 kb, covering one third of intron 2. Four different segments with distinct regulatory properties were identified. The promoter fragment from +0.1 to -1.5 kb remains inactive in most cases but occasionally induces ectopic expression in mesodermal tissues, although it contains binding sites for the repressors Snail and SIP1. This promoter fragment also lacks positive elements needed for the activation of transcription in ectoderm and endoderm. Sequences from -1.5 to -6 kb harbor regulatory elements for brain-specific expression and, in addition, insulator or silencer elements, because they are consistently inactive in the mesoderm. Only if sequences from +0.1 to +11 kb are combined with the promoter fragments is E-cadherin-specific transgene expression observed in endoderm and certain epithelia. Sequences between +11 and +16 kb contain cis-active elements that generally enhance transcription. Our analyses show that E-cadherin expression is governed by a complex interplay of multiple regulatory regions dispersed throughout large parts of the locus.
Tn5-induced mutations affecting virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis (1983)

Transposon Tn5 was used to isolate mutants of Bordetella pertussis. Strains with Tn5 insertions were screened for loss of virulence-associated factors, including filamentous hemagglutinin, hemolysin, and pertussis toxin. Several mutants deficient for hemolysin production were obtained. All produced dermonecrotic toxin, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin, but were found to vary with respect to adenylate cyclase production. One hemolysin mutant had no detectable adenylate cyclase activity; others had 0.6% or 16% wild-type activity, whereas a fourth seemed to be unaffected in terms of adenylate cyclase activity. Mutants deficient in the ability to hemagglutinate sheep erythrocytes were also isolated. These mutants either failed to synthesize or produced reduced amounts of three protein species of 200,000, 130,000, and 100,000 daltons, all of which reacted with antiserum to filamentous hemagglutinin. Pertussis toxin mutants were identified by screening culture supernatants for failure to induce a clustered growth pattern in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and identification was confirmed by the standard histamine-sensitizing assay in mice. These mutants will be useful to determine the relative contribution of each virulence factor to pathogenicity as well as to determine the identity of the antigens important in protective immunity.
Human skin fibroblast stromelysin: structure, glycosylation, substrate specificity, and differential expression in normal and tumorigenic cells. (1987)

We have purified and determined the complete primary structure of human stromelysin, a secreted metalloprotease with a wide range of substrate specificities. Human stromelysin is synthesized in a preproenzyme form with a calculated size of 53,977 Da and a 17-amino acid long signal peptide. Prostromelysin is secreted in two forms, with apparent molecular masses on NaDodSO4/PAGE of 60 and 57 kDa. The minor 60-kDa polypeptide is a glycosylated form of the major 57-kDa protein containing N-linked complex oligosaccharides. Zymogen activation by trypsin results in the removal of 84 amino acids from the amino terminus of the enzyme generating a 45-kDa active enzyme species. Human stromelysin is capable of degrading proteoglycan, fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen but not interstitial type I collagen. The enzyme is not capable of activating purified human fibroblast procollagenase. Analysis of its primary structure shows that stromelysin is in all likelihood the human analog of rat transin, which is an oncogene transformation-induced protease. The pattern of enzyme expression in normal and tumorigenic cells revealed that human skin fibroblasts in vitro secrete stromelysin constitutively (1-2 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hr). Human fetal lung fibroblasts transformed with simian virus 40, human bronchial epithelial cells transformed with the ras oncogene, fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080), and a melanoma cell strain (A 2058), do not express this protease nor can the enzyme be induced in these cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Our data indicate that the expression and the possible involvement of secreted metalloproteases in tumorigenesis result from a specific interaction between the transforming factor and the target cell, which may vary in different species.
The placebo effect in healthy volunteers: influence of experimental conditions on physiological parameters during phase I studies. (1995)

1. Although placebo administration is now commonly used as a control condition during clinical pharmacology studies conducted in healthy volunteers, data in placebo-treated subjects usually receive little attention. 2. The profile of several physiological and hormonal parameters was reviewed during the placebo sessions of five double-blind phase I studies involving hospitalisation of healthy volunteers for 2 weeks or more. 3. A clear trend towards an increase in heart rate, which culminated at about 10 beats min-1 at the end of the placebo period was observed, whereas both systolic and diastolic blood pressures remained globally unchanged. 4. Increases in the time to sleep initiation or in asthenia self-ratings during the placebo sessions suggested poor neuropsychiatric tolerability of experimental conditions in some of the studies. 5. In conclusion, all these data confirm that subjects change during the course of these studies. This is an important reason for conducting phase I studies under double-blind placebo-controlled conditions and to refrain from within-group comparisons (vs baseline, first-day effect).
Polarization sensitive silicon photodiodes using nanostructured metallic grids (2009)

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of wire grid polarizers. These polarizers show high extinction ratios and high transmission with structure dimensions that are compatible with current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. To design these wire grids, we first analyze the transmission properties of single apertures. From the understanding of a single aperture, we apply a modal expansion method to model wire grids. The most promising grids are fabricated on both a glass substrate and CMOS photodiode. An extinction ratio higher than 200 is measured.
New Proxy Signature, Proxy Blind Signature and Proxy Ring Signature Schemes from Bilinear Pairing. (2003)

Proxy signatures are very useful tools when one needs to delegate his/her signing capability to other party. After Mambo et al.’s first scheme was announced, many proxy signature schemes and various types of proxy signature schemes have been proposed. Due to the various applications of the bilinear pairings in cryptography, there are many IDbased signature schemes have been proposed. In this paper, we address that it is easy to design proxy signature and proxy blind signature from the conventional ID-based signature schemes using bilinear pairings, and give some concrete schemes based on existed ID-based signature schemes. At the same time, we introduce a new type of proxy signature – proxy ring signature, and propose the first proxy ring signature scheme based on an existed ID-based ring signature scheme.
Pathogenesis of B cell lymphoma in a patient with AIDS (1986)

Lymphoma occurs at increased frequency in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied, using serologic and molecular techniques, one such lymphoma for (a) evidence of infection with human T lymphotropic virus, type III (HTLV-III), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), (b) monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes, and (c) rearrangement of the c-myc oncogene. Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene studies demonstrated that the tumor was of monoclonal B cell origin. Similar to cases of Burkitt's lymphoma unrelated to AIDS, there were DNA sequences in the lymphoma that hybridized to EBV-specific probes and demonstrated evidence of c- myc rearrangement. HTLV-III sequences were not detected in the malignant B cells. The pathogenesis of some B cell neoplasms in patients with the syndrome may involve transformation by EBV and deregulation of oncogene expression without direct infection of the malignant B cells by HTLV-III.
Recombination between two strains of vaccinia virus (1959)

Two strains of vaccinia virus were selected which differed by five separate markers: pock morphology on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo, the production of haemagglutinin, heat resistance, mouse virulence when inoculated intracerebrally and type of skin lesion produced in the rabbit. homogeneous for the five markers, and that the markers were stable on pure culture passage. cultures were infected with mixtures of the two strains and an analysis was made of the progeny of such infections. One hundred and forty-nine progeny clones were isolated, and of these seventeen differed from both parental strains in their marker characteristics. It is believed that these arose by genetic recombination. Intermediates were found for the markers: pock morphology, mouse virulence and type of rabbit skin lesion, whereas haemagglutinin production and heat resistance appeared to be all-or-none characters. A preliminary analysis was made of single HeLa cell yields and of the proportion of heat resistant recombinants to the total progeny.
Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A Comprehensive Review (2009)

Over the past decade, the popularity of nonsurgical cosmetic procedures has increased exponentially. Last year, according to the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, more than 5 million procedures were performed using cosmetic injectables such as botulinum toxin and dermal filling agents. According to the society's recent statistics, more than 85% of all dermal filler procedures occurred with a hyaluronic acid derivative.These numbers are expected to rise in the future as there is currently no other class of filling agent that rivals the popularity of hyaluronic acid. The popularity of hyaluronic acid specifically stems from its effectiveness, ease of administration, and safety profile.
pTRIDENT, a novel vector family for tricistronic gene expression in mammalian cells (1998)

We constructed tricistronic expression vectors for the simultaneous and coordinated expression of three independent genes in mammalian cells. One single promoter allows high level and, in some vectors, adjustable transcription of all three cistrons. Whereas the first cistron is translated in a cap-dependent manner, the subsequent ones utilize intercistronic regions of viral origin such as the internal ribosomal entry site of poliovirus or the cap-independent translation enhancer of encephalomyocarditis virus for enhanced translation. Three multiple cloning sites with a total of up to 18 unique restriction sites allow sequential cloning of the genes of interest. The modular structure of this pBluescript(R)-based high copy number vector system allows straightforward movement of individual cistrons among members of the pTRIDENT family, and facilitates their combination with existing expression vectors.
TREM-like transcript-1 protects against inflammation-associated hemorrhage by facilitating platelet aggregation in mice and humans (2009)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like (TREM-like) transcript-1 (TLT-1), a type 1 single Ig domain orphan receptor specific to platelet and megakaryocyte alpha-granules, relocates to the platelet surface upon platelet stimulation. We found here that patients diagnosed with sepsis, in contrast to healthy individuals, had substantial levels of soluble TLT-1 (sTLT-1) in their plasma that correlated with the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. sTLT-1 bound to fibrinogen and augmented platelet aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic domain of TLT-1 could also bind ezrin/radixin/moesin family proteins, suggesting its ability to link fibrinogen to the platelet cytoskeleton. Accordingly, platelets of Treml1-/- mice failed to aggregate efficiently, extending tail-bleeding times. Lipopolysaccharide-treated Treml1-/- mice developed higher plasma levels of TNF and D-dimers than wild-type mice and were more likely to succumb during challenge. Finally, Treml1-/- mice were predisposed to hemorrhage associated with localized inflammatory lesions. Taken together, our findings suggest that TLT-1 plays a protective role during inflammation by dampening the inflammatory response and facilitating platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury. Therefore, therapeutic modulation of TLT-1-mediated effects may provide clinical benefit to patients with hypercoagulatory conditions, including those associated with inflammation.
Nomenclature of α-amino acids. (Recommendations, 1974) (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNomenclature of α-amino acids. (Recommendations, 1974) IUPAC Comm. Nomenclature Org. Chem. and IUPAC-IUB Comm. Biochem. NomenclatureCite this: Biochemistry 1975, 14, 2, 449–462Publication Date (Print):January 28, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 28 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00673a036https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00673a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method for aligning trans-tibial residual limb shapes so as to identify regions of shape change (2005)

Quantification of the change in shape of a residual limb over time is relevant to the fitting of an external prosthesis. Three algorithms were developed and evaluated to align residual limb shapes: iterative closest points (ICP), mean absolute difference, and weighted surface normals/mean absolute difference. Evaluations were conducted by aligning residual limb shapes with known deformations and transformations with their original shapes. Results showed that ICP did not perform well in that it tended to favor a global distribution of local shape difference rather than localization of the error. The mean absolute difference algorithm performed well as long as the shape difference was localized to one region. Weighted mean surface normals/absolute difference provided the best alignment results, performing well both if shape changes were localized and if they were globally distributed. Mean alignment errors for this method were less than 0.285 mm for each of the three translation directions and less than 0.357 degrees for each of the three rotation directions. This algorithm could be helpful to patients, prosthetists, and researchers developing treatments to overcome the detrimental fitting effects of residual limb shape change.