gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sirtuins, Aging, and Medicine (2011)

In this year's Franklin H. Epstein Lecture, Leonard Guarente summarizes the many biologic properties of the sirtuin family of deacetylases and explains why enhancement or inhibition of specific sirtuins may influence many common diseases and longevity.
A Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon with Reflective Twisted-Nematic Mode (2003)

By using crystalline silicon as a substrate, a small highdefinition LCOS can be realiged.This paper introduces several majar properties of LCOS device design and fabrication process,as well as the performance of LCOS.
Multimedia technology in engineering education (2003)

The authors focus on engineering education trends by presenting methods of utilizing multimedia technology in engineering classrooms and laboratories and discuss the profound impact on the engineering curriculum. A design methodology utilizing a productive IBM multimedia system as a high-tech courseware studio for engineering classrooms and laboratories is described. The hardware and software aspects are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ClinGen — The Clinical Genome Resource (2015)

On autopsy, a patient is found to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patient’s family pursues genetic testing that shows a “likely pathogenic” variant for the condition on the basis of a study in an original research publication. Given the dominant inheritance of the condition and the risk of sudden cardiac death, other family members are tested for the genetic variant to determine their risk. Several family members test negative and are told that they are not at risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death, and those who test positive are told that they need to be regularly monitored for cardiomyopathy on echocardiography. Five years later, during a routine clinic visit of one of the genotype-positive family members, the cardiologist queries a database for current knowledge on the genetic variant and discovers that the variant is now interpreted as “likely benign” by another laboratory that uses more recently derived population-frequency data. A newly available testing panel for additional genes that are implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is initiated on an affected family member, and a different variant is found that is determined to be pathogenic. Family members are retested, and one member who previously tested negative is now found to be positive for this new variant. An immediate clinical workup detects evidence of cardiomyopathy, and an intracardiac defibrillator is implanted to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Coarse Frame and Carrier Synchronization of OFDM Systems: A New Metric and Comparison (2004)

We propose a fast and reduced complexity frame and carrier acquisition scheme for orthogonal frequency-division multiplex systems which assumes either a continuous or a burst mode operation in additive white Gaussian noise and frequency-selective channels. By exploiting the repetitive structure of a training symbol, a robust frame synchronizer is obtained and shown to resume to finding the peak of a certain correlation metric that is obtained by invoking maximum likelihood principles. A modified carrier estimator that can correct frequency offsets up to two subcarrier spacings is also proposed. The efficiency of the proposed synchronization algorithms is illustrated by both theoretical performance analysis and computer simulations.
Effect of a lignan (HPMF) on RNA synthesis in the rat uterus (1982)

Summary. HPMF, at doses of 0·01–1 mg/kg, had no effect on uterine RNA synthesis over a period of 24 h. It significantly depressed oestrogen-stimulated RNA synthesis if administered 22 h before oestradiol but not if given 10 h before or together with the hormone.
Channelrhodopsin-1: A Light-Gated Proton Channel in Green Algae (2002)

Phototaxis and photophobic responses of green algae are mediated by rhodopsins with microbial-type chromophores. We report a complementary DNA sequence in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that encodes a microbial opsin-related protein, which we term Channelopsin-1. The hydrophobic core region of the protein shows homology to the light-activated proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Expression of Channelopsin-1, or only the hydrophobic core, in Xenopus laevis oocytes in the presence of all-trans retinal produces a light-gated conductance that shows characteristics of a channel selectively permeable for protons. We suggest that Channelrhodopsins are involved in phototaxis of green algae.
Accessory cell independent proliferation of human T4 cells stimulated by immobilized monoclonal antibodies to CD3. (1987)

The capacity of the monoclonal antibodies (Mab) 64.1 and OKT3 directed at CD3 molecules to induce T4 cell proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production was examined. Each was tested in soluble form or was immobilized by adhering it to the wells of plastic microtiter wells. Soluble anti-CD3 did not induce proliferation of accessory cell (AC)-depleted T4 cells. In contrast, immobilized anti-CD3 induced T4 cell IL 2 production and proliferation in the complete absence of AC. When T4 cells were stimulated with high density immobilized anti-CD3, responses did not require AC, IL 2, or Mab directed at the Tp44 molecule (9.3). In contrast, responses stimulated by lower densities of immobilized anti-CD3 were enhanced by IL 2, AC, and 9.3, and with even lower densities of immobilized anti-CD3 proliferation, required these additional signals. A variety of other immobilized Mab directed at T cell surface proteins including class I major histocompatibility complex encoded gene products, CD2, CD5, 4F2, and Tp44, did not induce proliferation even in the presence of IL 2. Anti-CD4 Mab (66.1) inhibited immobilized anti-CD3-stimulated T4 cell responses, with a greater degree of inhibition noted when lower densities of immobilized anti-CD3 were used to stimulate T4 cells. The data demonstrate that stimulation of T4 cells by anti-CD3 is completely AC independent when the antibody is immobilized onto a surface. Furthermore, the results indicate that maximal stimulation requires multiple interactions with anti-CD3 without internalization of the CD3 molecule. The observation that additional signals are required to support T4 cell proliferation when the density of immobilized anti-CD3 is diminished suggests that these are necessary only when insufficient interactions with the CD3 molecule have occurred to transmit a maximal activation signal to the cell. Finally, the results indicate that anti-CD4 provides a direct inhibitory signal to the T4 cell, the effect of which is inversely proportional to the intensity of the activation signal.
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and prognosis: the potential link between conventional cancer therapy and immunity (2011)

Numerous studies have now documented a link between the immune infiltrate in several human carcinoma types and prognosis and response to therapy. The most comprehensive of these studies were in colorectal cancer with similar conclusions by numerous groups. Analyses of immune infiltrate of several other carcinoma types also showed general correlations between immune infiltrate and prognosis, but with some conflicting results. This review will attempt to summarize the current state of this field and point out what factors may be responsible for some of the conflicting findings. Nonetheless, the breadth of reports drawing similar conclusions for some cancer cell types leads one to more seriously consider the link between immune cell infiltrate and tumor prognosis and/or response to therapy, and the potential for combining conventional cancer therapy with active immunotherapy employing therapeutic cancer vaccines.
CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN PEYERʼS PATCHES FOLLOWING HEMORRHAGE AND RESUSCITATION (1994)

Intestinal dysfunction commonly occurs following hemorrhage and injury and appears to contribute to the development of multiple organ system failure in this setting. In order to examine possible mechanisms leading to intestinal dysfunction following blood loss, we investigated mRNA levels for cytokines with proinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties (interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma) as well as mRNA expression for inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) over the 3 days following hemorrhage and resuscitation. Significantly increased levels of mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-10, and IFN-gamma were found among cells isolated from Peyer's patches 3 days following hemorrhage. Amounts of mRNA for inducible NOS were not significantly altered 24 or 72 h after blood loss. In addition to being increased 72 h following hemorrhage, levels of mRNA for IL-10 also were increased 1 and 4 h posthemorrhage. No alterations in cytokine or NOS expression were found 24 h following blood loss. These results demonstrate that significant increases in proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine mRNA levels among cellular populations in Peyer's patches are present at late posthemorrhage time points. These alterations in cytokine expression may contribute to the morphologic, immunologic, and functional changes in the intestines which are present following blood loss and injury.
Functional activation of p53 via phosphorylation following DNA damage by UV but not γ radiation (1998)

The tumor suppressor p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein in which DNA-binding activity is increased on exposure to DNA-damaging agents such as UV or gamma radiation by unknown mechanisms. Because phosphorylation of p53 at the casein kinase (CK) II site activates p53 for DNA-binding function in vitro, we sought to determine the in vivo relevance of phosphorylation at this site after UV and gamma radiation. A polyclonal antibody was generated that binds to bacterially expressed p53 only when phosphorylated in vitro by CK II. Using this antibody, we showed that p53 is phosphorylated at the CK II site upon UV treatment of early passage rat embryo fibroblasts and RKO cells. In addition, DNA-binding assays indicated that phosphorylated p53 bound to a p53-responsive element, suggesting functional activation. However, gamma radiation, which also stabilizes p53, did not result in phosphorylation at the CK II site. These results indicate that phosphorylation at the CK II site is one of the post-translational mechanisms through which p53 is activated in response to UV radiation and that different mechanisms activate p53 after DNA damage by gamma radiation.
Regional ischemic 'preconditioning' protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion. (1993)

Brief episodes of ischemia in one vascular bed protect remote, virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary artery occlusion in this canine model. These data imply that preconditioning may be mediated by factor(s) activated, produced, or transported throughout the heart during brief ischemia/reperfusion.
An Open, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) With Glibenclamide as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled on Metformin (2006)

In patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on metformin, adding INH or glibenclamide was similarly effective in improving glycemic control, and both were well tolerated. A predefined subgroup with very high A1C (>9.5%) was more effectively treated with the addition of INH.
Induction of protective CD8+ T lymphocytes by an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes actA mutant (1992)

We tested the ability of an attenuated actA mutant of Listeria monocytogenes to induce protective immunity in mice. This mutant can enter and multiply in the cytosol of the infected host cell, but is deficient in actin-dependent cell-to-cell spread. It was found to be of attenuated virulence for inbred C3H mice: the LD50 after i.v. injection was 1000-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Mutant bacteria multiplied up to the fourth day in the liver, but only for 1 day in the spleen. A single infection with the maximum sublethal dose of the actA mutant induced long-lasting immunity; the LD50 of virulent wild-type L. monocytogenes increased 100-fold and growth of wild-type L. monocytogenes was controlled in liver and spleen of these mice. The presence of Listeria-reactive T cells in spleen of C3H mice infected 7 days previously with the actA mutant was monitored, through their ability to protect naive syngeneic recipients against wild-type L. monocytogenes. Protection was mainly conferred by Thy-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes; depletion of CD4+ T cells had no significant effect on the level of transferred protection. Such attenuated mutants may be used to develop live vector vaccines for delivery of heterologous proteins into the cytosol, thereby favoring the induction of a CD8+ T cell response.
The Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonist CNQX Augments Lidocaine Antinociception Through a Spinal Action in Rats (1999)

Non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists produce antinociceptive effects, but the antinociceptive interaction between non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists and local anesthetics has not been demonstrated. We designed this study to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist and its interaction with lidocaine in rats. Intrathecal catheters were implanted at the L4-5 level in rats. The tail flick (TF) and colorectal distension (CD) tests were used to assess somatic and visceral antinociceptive effects, respectively. The TF latency and CD threshold were measured before and for 180 min after the intrathecal administration of lidocaine (20-100 [micro sign]g), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) (0.4-4.0 [micro sign]g), a combination of CNQX (0.2-0.6 [micro sign]g) and lidocaine (10-30 [micro sign]g), or isotonic sodium chloride solution. The TF latency and CD threshold were converted to the percent maximal possible effect (%MPE). To determine synergistic interaction, isobolographic analysis was used. Lidocaine or CNQX increased %MPEs in both the TF and CD tests. The coadministration of CNQX 0.4 [micro sign]g and lidocaine 20 [micro sign]g, which had no effect by alone, significantly increased %MPEs in the TF and CD tests for 30 min and 10 min, respectively. Isobolographic analysis revealed the synergistic antinociception of CNQX and lidocaine in the TF test. Motor impairment was not observed after that combination. We conclude that CNQX and lidocaine produce synergistic analgesia on somatic and visceral pain at the spinal level. Implications: We investigated the antinociceptive effects of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and its interaction with lidocaine at the spinal level in rats. Intrathecal 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione produced both somatic and visceral antinociception, and its coadministration with lidocaine showed synergistic antinociceptive effects. (Anesth Analg 1999;89:416-21)
Complete Genome Sequence of the Nicotine-Degrading Pseudomonas putida Strain S16 (2011)

Pseudomonas putida S16 is an efficient degrader of nicotine. The complete genome of strain S16 (5,984,790 bp in length) includes genes related to catabolism of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. The genes of enzymes in the core genome and a genomic island encode the proteins responsible for nicotine catabolism.
Selection, characterization and application of new RNA HIV gp 120 aptamers for facile delivery of Dicer substrate siRNAs into HIV infected cells (2009)

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) consists of an exterior glycoprotein (gp120) and a trans-membrane domain (gp41) and has an important role in viral entry into cells. HIV-1 entry has been validated as a clinically relevant anti-viral strategy for drug discovery. In the present work, several 2'-F substituted RNA aptamers that bind to the HIV-1(BaL) gp120 protein with nanomole affinity were isolated from a RNA library by the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) procedure. From two of these aptamers we created a series of new dual inhibitory function anti-gp120 aptamer-siRNA chimeras. The aptamers and aptamer-siRNA chimeras specifically bind to and are internalized into cells expressing HIV gp160. The Dicer-substrate siRNA delivered by the aptamers is functionally processed by Dicer, resulting in specific inhibition of HIV-1 replication and infectivity in cultured CEM T-cells and primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, we have introduced a 'sticky' sequence onto a chemically synthesized aptamer which facilitates attachment of the Dicer substrate siRNAs for potential multiplexing. Our results provide a set of novel inhibitory agents for blocking HIV replication and further validate the use of aptamers for delivery of Dicer substrate siRNAs.
The effect of spinal and skin temperatures on the firing rate and thermosensitivity of preoptic neurones (1974)

1. In anaesthetized rabbits, preoptic single unit activity was recorded while preoptic, spinal cord and skin temperatures were independently manipulated.2. The units that were insensitive to preoptic temperature were characterized by low firing rates and also by a very low incidence of extrahypothalamic thermosensitivity.3. Thirty-seven units having positive coefficients to preoptic temperature were tested for their response to spinal or skin temperature. Of these, twenty-two units responded to extrahypothalamic temperature, seventeen with positive thermal coefficients. In addition, the incidence of extrahypothalamic thermosensitivity generally increased among the higher firing units.4. Twenty-two units had negative coefficients for preoptic temperature and were tested for their extrahypothalamic thermosensitivities. Of these, sixteen units had dual thermosensitivities, ten with negative coefficients for the extrahypothalamic temperatures. In addition, there was no correlation between the incidence of extrahypothalamic thermosensitivity and the level of firing rate.5. In the units having positive coefficients for preoptic temperature, an increased firing rate, due to extrahypothalamic temperature, generally resulted in a decreased preoptic thermosensitivity. Conversely, a decreased firing rate usually resulted in an increased preoptic thermosensitivity.6. In the units having negative coefficients for preoptic temperature, an increased firing rate, due to extrahypothalamic temperature, usually increased the preoptic thermosensitivity; while a decreased firing rate tended to decrease the sensitivity to preoptic temperature.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Suppresses Angiotensinogen Gene Expression and Attenuates Hypertension and Kidney Injury in Diabetic Mice (2012)

We investigated the impact of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) overexpression on angiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression, hypertension, and renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) injury in high-glucose milieu both in vivo and in vitro. Diabetic Akita transgenic (Tg) mice specifically overexpressing hnRNP F in their RPTCs were created, and the effects on systemic hypertension, Agt gene expression, renal hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis were studied. We also examined immortalized rat RPTCs stably transfected with control plasmid or plasmid containing hnRNP F cDNA in vitro. The results showed that hnRNP F overexpression attenuated systemic hypertension, suppressed Agt and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression, and reduced urinary Agt and angiotensin II levels, renal hypertrophy, and glomerulotubular fibrosis in Akita hnRNP F-Tg mice. In vitro, hnRNP F overexpression prevented the high-glucose stimulation of Agt and TGF-β1 mRNA expression and cellular hypertrophy in RPTCs. These data suggest that hnRNP F plays a modulatory role and can ameliorate hypertension, renal hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in diabetes. The underlying mechanism is mediated, at least in part, via the suppression of intrarenal Agt gene expression in vivo. hnRNP F may be a potential target in the treatment of hypertension and kidney injury in diabetes.
Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level as a Prognostic Indicator in Colorectal Cancer (1978)

We examined the relation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels to time, site and extent of recurrence in 358 patients with colorectal cancer. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with Dukes' B and Dukes' C lesions who had preoperative levels higher than 5 ng per milliliter. There was a linear inverse correlation between preoperative levels and estimated mean time to recurrence in patients with Dukes' B and C lesions, ranging from 30 months for a level of 2 to 9.8 months for a level of 70 ng per milliliter. In patients with Dukes' C lesions the median time to recurrence was 13 months if preoperative levels were higher than 5 ng per milliliter, and 28 months if they were lower. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with resectable Dukes' B and C cancer provided an additional criterion for allocating these patients to groups at high or low risk for recurrence.
A dominant negative retinoic acid receptor blocks neutrophil differentiation at the promyelocyte stage. (1993)

We have investigated the roles of retinoic acid receptors in the development of neutrophils by using an interleukin 3-dependent multipotent hematopoietic cell line (FDCP mix A4) as well as normal mouse bone marrow cells. Treatment of the FDCP mix A4 cells with murine granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced these cells to differentiate into neutrophils and macrophages. When the endogenous retinoic acid receptor activity in FDCP mix A4 cells was suppressed by a dominant negative retinoic acid receptor construct, this GM-CSF-induced neutrophil differentiation was blocked at the promyelocyte stage. The blocked promyelocytes proliferated continuously as a GM-CSF-dependent cell line but could be induced to terminally differentiate into neutrophils with supraphysiological concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid (1-10 microM). The ability of the dominant negative retinoic acid receptor to block neutrophil differentiation at the promyelocyte stage was also demonstrated in normal, primary mouse bone marrow cells. Our results indicate that retinoic acid receptors in conjunction with hematopoietic growth factors play a crucial role in the terminal differentiation of normal neutrophil precursors. The system described here may also serve as a model for studying the pathogenesis of human acute promyelocytic leukemia.