gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T Cell-Dependent Elimination of Dendritic Cells In Vivo Limits the Induction of Antitumor Immunity (2000)

The fate of dendritic cells (DC) after they have initiated a T cell immune response is still undefined. We have monitored the migration of DC labeled with a fluorescent tracer and injected s.c. into naive mice or into mice with an ongoing immune response. DC not loaded with Ag were detected in the draining lymph node in excess of 7 days after injection with maximum numbers detectable approximately 40 h after transfer. In contrast, DC that had been loaded with an MHC class I-binding peptide disappeared from the lymph node with kinetics that parallel the known kinetics of activation of CD8+ T cells to effector function. In the presence of high numbers of specific CTL precursors, as in TCR transgenic mice, DC numbers were significantly decreased by 72 h after injection. The rate of DC disappearance was extremely rapid and efficient in recently immunized mice and was slower in "memory" mice in which memory CD8+ cells needed to reacquire effector function before mediating DC elimination. We also show that CTL-mediated clearance of Ag-loaded DC has a notable effect on immune responses in vivo. Ag-specific CD8+ T cells failed to divide in response to Ag presented on a DC if the DC were targets of a pre-existing CTL response. The induction of antitumor immunity by tumor Ag-loaded DC was also impaired. Therefore, CTL-mediated clearance of Ag-loaded DC may serve as a negative feedback mechanism to limit the activity of DC within the lymph node.
Indole Inhibitors of Human Nonpancreatic Secretory Phospholipase A2. 3. Indole-3-glyoxamides (1996)

Phospholipases (PLAs) produce rate-limiting precursors in the biosynthesis of various types of biologically active lipids involved in inflammatory processes. Increased levels of human nonpancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 (hnps-PLA2) have been detected in several pathological conditions. An inhibitor of this enzyme could have therapeutic utility. A broad screening program was carried out to identify chemical structures which could inhibit hnps-PLA2. One of the lead compounds generated by the screening program was 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-acetic acid (13a). We describe the syntheses, structure--activity relationships, and pharmacological activities of a series of indole-3-acetamides and related compounds derived from this lead. This SAR was undertaken with the aid of X-ray crystal structures of complexes between the inhibitors and hnps-PLA2 which were of great value in directing the SAR.
Simple, Rapid, Quantitative, and Sensitive Detection of Telomere Repeats in Cell Lysate by a Hybridization Protection Assay (1999)

The amount of telomere repeats was quantitatively measured by HPA in 10 ng of sheared genomic DNA or in the lysate of 1000 cells. This method is simple, rapid, quantitative, sensitive, and applicable to the measurement of telomere repeats in clinical samples such as needle biopsy specimen or as few as 1000 cells in body fluid or washings.
Multiple modes of ligand recognition: Crystal structures of cyclin‐dependent protein kinase 2 in complex with ATP and two inhibitors, olomoucine and isopentenyladenine (1995)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are conserved regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle with different isoforms controlling specific phases of the cell cycle. Mitogenic or growth inhibitory signals are mediated, respectively, by activation or inhibition of CDKs which phosphorylate proteins associated with the cell cycle. The central role of CDKs in cell cycle regulation makes them a potential new target for inhibitory molecules with anti-proliferative and/or anti-neoplastic effects. We describe the crystal structures of the complexes of CDK2 with a weakly specific CDK inhibitor, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenine, and a strongly specific inhibitor, olomoucine. Both inhibitors are adenine derivatives and bind in the adenine binding pocket of CDK2, but in an unexpected and different orientation from the adenine of the authentic ligand ATP. The N6-benzyl substituent in olomoucine binds outside the conserved binding pocket and is most likely responsible for its specificity. The structural information from the CDK2-olomoucine complex will be useful in directing the search for the next generation inhibitors with improved properties.
Image De-noising by Various Filters for Different Noise (2010)

Image processing is basically the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. Digital image processing is a part of digital signal processing. Digital image processing has many significant advantages over analog image processing. Image processing allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and signal distortion during processing of images. Wavelet transforms have become a very powerful tool for de-noising an image. One of the most popular methods is wiener filter. In this work four types of noise (Gaussian noise , Salt & Pepper noise, Speckle noise and Poisson noise) is used and image de-noising performed for different noise by Mean filter, Median filter and Wiener filter . Further results have been compared for all noises.
Location of disulfide bonds within the sequence of human serum cholinesterase. (1987)

Human serum cholinesterase was digested with pepsin under conditions which left disulfide bonds intact. Peptides were isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography, and those containing disulfide bonds were identified by a color assay. Peptides were characterized by amino acid sequencing and composition analysis. Human serum cholinesterase contains 8 half-cystines in each subunit of 574 amino acids. Six of these form three internal disulfide bridges: between Cys65-Cys92, Cys252-Cys263, and Cys400-Cys519. A disulfide bond with Cys65 rather than Cys66 was inferred by homology with Torpedo acetylcholinesterase. Cys571 forms a disulfide bridge with Cys571 of an identical subunit. This interchain disulfide bridge is four amino acids from the carboxyl terminus. A peptide containing the interchain disulfide is readily cleaved from cholinesterase by trypsin (Lockridge, O., and La Du, B. N. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12012-12018), suggesting that the carboxyl terminus is near the surface of the globular tetrameric protein. The disulfide bridges in human cholinesterase have exactly the same location as in Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase. There is one potential free sulfhydryl in human cholinesterase at Cys66, but this sulfhydryl could not be alkylated. Comparison of human cholinesterase, and Torpedo and Drosophila acetylcholinesterases to the serine proteases suggests that the cholinesterases constitute a separate family of serine esterases, distinct from the trypsin family and from subtilisin.
DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION (1993)

Microorganisms can enzymatically reduce a variety of metals in metabolic processes that are not related to metal assimilation. Some microorganisms can conserve energy to support growth by coupling the oxidation of simple organic acids and alcohols, H2, or aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). This dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction influences the organic as well as the inorganic geochemistry of anaerobic aquatic sediments and ground water. Microorganisms that use U(VI) as a terminal electron acceptor play an important role in uranium geochemistry and may be a useful tool for removing uranium from contaminated environments. Se(VI) serves as a terminal electron acceptor to support anaerobic growth of some microorganisms. Reduction of Se(VI) to Se(O) is an important mechanism for the precipitation of selenium from contaminated waters. Enzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) to the less mobile and less toxic Cr(III), and reduction of soluble Hg(II) to volatile Hg(O) may affect the fate of these compounds in the environment and might be used as a remediation strategy. Microorganisms can also enzymatically reduce other metals such as technetium, vanadium, molybdenum, gold, silver, and copper, but reduction of these metals has not been studied extensively.
Expression and characterization of a humanized cocaine‐binding antibody (2003)

The murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) cocaine-binding monoclonal antibody (mAb), GNC92H2, is notable for its exquisite specificity for cocaine, as opposed to chemically-related cocaine metabolites, and for its moderately high affinity (K(d) approximately 200 nM) for cocaine. Recently, we described the crystal structure of a mouse/human chimeric Fab construct at 2.3 A resolution. Herein, we report the successful framework humanization of a single-chain Fv (scFv) GNC92H2 construct without loss of affinity for cocaine. In brief, we compared the mAb GNC92H2 sequence to human antibody sequences, and used structure-based design to incorporate mutations (total = 49) that would humanize the framework region without affecting the overall shape of the binding pocket or the key cocaine-contact residues. The codons of the rationally designed sequence were optimized for E. coli expression, and the gene was synthesized by a de novo PCR reaction using 14 overlapping primers. Expression of the scFv construct was significantly improved in E. coli by fusion to thioredoxin. Intriguingly, this construct apparently refolds to form soluble active antibody in the reducing environment of the cytoplasm. Competitive ELISA and equilibrium dialysis demonstrated comparable binding activity between the humanized scFv and the whole IgG. The successful humanization of mAb GNC92H2 should enhance its potential therapeutic value by reducing its overall. immunogenicity.
The cost and benefits model of union membership (2001)

This paper argues that, where workers can free-ride to enjoy union benefits without becoming members of trade unions, the labour movement must use non-collective bargaining benefits to entice workers to join unions. Specifically, the paper uses non-collective bargaining benefits as a prize to entice workers to join unions and also examines the supply of non-collective bargaining benefits of the labour movement. Based on the demand and supply curves, the number of workers joining the unions can then be determined and policy recommendations will also be discussed.
Using Wavelet Transforms for ECG Characterization (1997)

he rapid and objective measurement of timing intervals of the electrocarT diogram (ECG) by automated systems is superior to the subjective assessment of ECG morphology. The timing interval measurements are usually made from the onset to the termination of any component of the ECG, after accurate detection of the QRS complex. This article describes a real-time system that uses wavelet transforms to overcome the limitations of other methods of detecting QRS and the onsets and offsets of P- and T-waves. Wavelet transformation is briefly discussed, and detection methods and hardware and software aspects of the system are presented, as well as experimental results.
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of perhexiline (1986)

Blood plasma and urine excretion pharmacokinetics of the (+) and (-) enantiomers of perhexiline have been determined in oral single-dose studies in eight human volunteers, and compared with the pharmacokinetics of the racemate drug in the same subjects. The (-) enantiomer is more rapidly metabolized and eliminated, and is stereoselectively hydroxylated to the cis-monohydroxy-perhexiline. The peak plasma concn of unchanged perhexiline is greater, while that of the cis-monohydroxy-perhexiline metabolite is lower, after administration of the (+) enantiomer than after the (-) enantiomer or the racemate. Similarly, the AUC values for unchanged perhexiline and for the trans-monohydroxy-perhexiline metabolite are greatest and the AUC value for the cis-monohydroxy-perhexiline metabolite is lowest for the (+) enantiomer. The three stereoisomeric forms of perhexiline all had the same times to peak plasma concn of the unchanged drug or of the cis-metabolite, and all three forms had a similar plasma elimination half-life for unchanged perhexiline. Metabolism of racemic perhexiline to the cis-monohydroxy metabolite is the major mechanism of elimination of the drug in man and has been shown to be polymorphic in human populations. The (-) enantiomer which shows stereoselective metabolism to the cis metabolite might therefore show a greater polymorphic effect. Studies with rat-liver microsomal preparations in vitro showed that, in contrast to the human studies in vivo, hydroxylation of perhexiline yields mostly the trans-monohydroxy metabolite. The DA strain of rats exhibited slower rates of hydroxylation in vitro than Wistar or Lewis strains of rats.
Pentamorphone for Management of Postoperative Pain (1991)

The efficacy, duration, and safety of the synthetic opioid pentamorphone in the treatment of acute postoperative pain were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind study of 72 patients given 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24 μg/kg of pentamorphone or a placebo intravenously in the recovery room after major abdominal or orthopedic surgery. Only patients given 0.24 μg/kg of pentamorphone experienced decreased pain intensity and increased sedation, both transient in duration. Although the two higher doses of pentamorphone delayed the patient's request for supplemental morphine, the total amount of morphine required within the first hour was not different between treatments. No acute cardiores- piratory changes were observed. Pentamorphone (0.08–0.24 μg/kg) was ineffective for treating acute postoperative pain after major surgery.
Augmentation of Antidepressants With Atypical Antipsychotic Medications for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder (2007)

These results support the utility of augmenting standard antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic agents for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. An obvious limitation of this work is the absence of data focusing on the use of aripiprazole and ziprasidone. Future short- as well as long-term studies comparing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of this versus other adjunctive strategies are warranted.
Small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 cell fusion blocks chemokine receptor-mediated function (1998)

The intersection of the HIV and the chemokine fields began with the observation that HIV entry into cells could be blocked by certain chemokines. Subsequent work showed that HIV entry is dependent on the presence of specific chemokine receptors. These observations led us to evaluate a series of compounds, ureido analogs of distamycin previously reported to block HIV entry into cells in vitro, for chemokine antagonist activity. One of the distamycin analogs, 2,2'[4,4'-[[aminocarbonyl]amino]bis[N,4'-di[pyrrole-2-carboxamide- 1,1'-dimethyl]]-6,8 napthalenedisulfonic acid] hexasodium salt (NSC 651016), is shown here to inhibit syncytia formation and cell fusion. Mechanistic studies showed that this inhibition was not due to conformational changes in gp120-gp41 induced by target cell CD4 and chemokine co-receptor and was therefore not due to interference with binding of HIV-1. Additional mechanistic studies demonstrated that NSC 651016 inhibited chemokine binding to specific chemokine receptors, induced CXCR4 and CCR5 receptor internalization, and inhibited chemokine-induced chemotaxis by macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, and stromal-derived factor-1alpha but not monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Thus, we describe a novel compound that inhibits in vivo replication of HIV-1 by down-regulation of co-receptors. These data lead us to propose that NSC 651016 may have in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
LIPID PRODUCTION BY DUNALIELLA SALINA IN BATCH CULTURE: EFFECTS OF NITROGEN LIMITATION AND LIGHT INTENSITY (2007)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing and may cause unknown deleterious environmental effects if left unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted in its latest report a 2°C to 4°C increase in global temperatures even with the strictest CO2 mitigation practices. Global warming can be attributed in large part to the burning of carbon-based fossil fuels, as the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is directly related to the burning of fossil fuels. Biofuels which do not add CO2 to the atmosphere are presently generated primarily from terrestrial plants, i.e., ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybean oil. The production of biofuels from terrestrial plants is severely limited by the availability of fertile land. Lipid production from microalgae and its corresponding biodiesel production have been studied since the late 1970s but large scale production has remained economically infeasible due to the large costs of sterile growing conditions required for many algal species. This study focuses on the potential of the halophilic microalgae species Dunaliella salina as a source of lipids and subsequent biodiesel production. The lipid production rates under high light and low light as well as nitrogen suffi cient and nitrogen defi cient culture conditions were compared for D. salina cultured in replicate photobioreactors. The results show (a) cellular lipid content ranging from 16 to 44% (wt), (b) a maximum culture lipid concentration of 450mg lipid/L, and (c) a maximum integrated lipid production rate of 46mg lipid/L culture*day. The high amount of lipids produced suggests that D. salina, which can be mass-cultured in non-sterile outdoor ponds, has strong potential to be an economically valuable source for renewable oil and biodiesel production.
Solvomercuration-demercuration. 9. Oxymercuration-demercuration of chloro-, epoxy-, and thiomethyl-substituted alkenes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvomercuration-demercuration. 9. Oxymercuration-demercuration of chloro-, epoxy-, and thiomethyl-substituted alkenesHerbert C. Brown and Gary J. LynchCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 5, 930–939Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00318a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00318a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1365Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lutropin-Choriogonadotropin Receptor: An Unusual Member of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Family (1989)

A complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat luteal lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor (LH-CG-R) was isolated with the use of a DNA probe generated in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers based on peptide sequences of purified receptor protein. As would be predicted from the cDNA sequence, the LH-CG-R consists of a 26-residue signal peptide, a 341-residue extracellular domain displaying an internal repeat structure characteristic of members of the leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) family, and a 333-residue region containing seven transmembrane segments. This membrane-spanning region displays sequence similarity with all members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Hence, the LH-CG-R gene may have evolved by recombination of LRG and G protein-coupled receptor genes. Cells engineered to express LH-CG-R cDNA bind human choriogonadotropin with high affinity and show an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate when exposed to hormone. As revealed by RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization, the 4.4-kilobase cognate messenger RNA is prominently localized in the rat ovary.
Relation of Cytogenetic Abnormalities and Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Melanoma (1990)

The value of chromosomal analysis is well established in human hematologic neoplasms. In contrast, the relation between chromosomal abnormalities and clinical outcome in solid tumors in humans has received little study. We undertook this study to determine whether chromosomal abnormalities could provide information on the survival of patients with malignant melanoma. Chromosome-banding analysis was performed on tumor-biopsy samples from 62 patients with metastatic melanoma, and recurring cytogenetic abnormalities were correlated with survival. Patients with structural abnormalities of chromosome 7 or 11 had significantly shorter survival than patients without these abnormalities. We conclude that cytogenetic analysis may provide useful prognostic information about patients with metastatic melanoma.
Experimental Studies on the Preventive Effect of Garlic Extract against Infection with Influenza Virus (1973)

Preventive effect of garlic extract added with vitamine B1, B12, and liver extracts against influenza infection in mice (ddYS) pernasally inoculated with influenza virus AO/PR 8 strain was studied.The experiment revealed that the garlic extract, contrary to Japanese encephalitis case, further hightened the preventive effect of influenza vaccines and in the case of using alone it was as effective as vaccines.In order to analyze that augmented preventive activity against influenza infection, the activity of globulin fraction extracted from the mice was measured. But, no increase has been seen in the activity in that fraction. Then, it is presumed that it is not neutralization antibody but other preventive factor or factors that was prompted to increase.
Lipid and hydrophobic modification of cationic carriers on route to superior gene vectors (2010)

Gene therapy has been pursued in the past two decades for treatment of diseases associated with defective gene expression. The insertion of a therapeutic gene into cells, followed by its expression, and consequently the inhibition or activation of target proteins constitute the general steps for a beneficial outcome in such an approach. However, the future of this approach will rely upon safe and effective gene carriers. Cationic polymers represent a class of non-viral carriers that can be optimally engineered to facilitate gene delivery to target cells and amphiphilic polymers have been particularly appealing due to delicate balance of physical properties that might optimize their functional performance. This review was complied with a focus on recent progress on lipid and hydrophobically modified polymers, and aims to provide new insights into development of this type of gene carriers. In particular, we will focus on the insertion of lipid or hydrophobic moieties into cationic carriers and its influence on the gene delivery performance. Critical parameters influencing the condensation of nucleic acids, surface properties and aggregation behavior of polyplexes, and the ability of the carrier-cargo complexes to dissociate will be described, all in the context of in vitro and in vivo performance of the carriers.