gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alignment-tolerant interfacing of a photonic integrated circuit using back side etched silicon microlenses (2019)

Directly interfacing a photonic integrated circuit allows at best an alignment tolerance of a few micrometer due to the small dimensions of optical (coupling) features on chip, but when using microlenses integrated on the substrate-side, alignment tolerances for interfacing the chips can greatly be relaxed. This is demonstrated on a 750 &mu;m thick chip with standard grating couplers (operation wavelength around 1550 nm). Low roughness silicon microlenses were realized by transferring reflowed photoresist into the silicon substrate using reactive ion etching. The microlens allows interfacing the chip from the backside with an expanded beam, drastically increasing lateral alignment tolerances. A 1 dB alignment tolerance of &plusmn;8 &mu;m and &plusmn;11 &mu;m (along and perpendicular to the grating coupler direction, respectively) was experimentally found when a 40 &mu;m mode field diameter beam was used at the input.
Renal Cell Carcinoma and Erythropoietin (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Renal Cell Carcinoma and ErythropoietinJonathan Rubins, MDJonathan Rubins, MDF.F. Thompson Hospital; Canandaigua, NY 14424Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As Dr. Sungur states, there are substantial differences between the clinical features of his patient and mine. My patient had a complete remission of bulky tumor in apparent response to exogenous erythropoietin [1]. Even if the patients were similar, however, differences in response would not be surprising. In tumors with well-established hormone sensitivity, such as breast cancer, only some patients respond to hormone therapy, even among women with a favorable estrogen receptor profile. Another possible explanation for variation in response is a difference in dosage. Dr. Sungur's patient first received a maximum dose of 12 000 U/wk for ...References1. Rubins J. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: response to treatment with human recombinant erythropoeitin. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:676-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: F.F. Thompson Hospital; Canandaigua, NY 14424 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 733KeywordsBody weightBreast cancerErythropoietinEstrogensHormonal therapyHormonesPilot studiesRenal cell carcinoma Issue Published: 1 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
RNAi prevents and reverses phenotypes induced by mutant human ataxin‐1 (2016)

SCA1 disease may be reversible by RNAi therapy, and the doses required for advancing this therapy to humans are delineated. Ann Neurol 2016;80:754-765.
Dynamics of the eye’s wave aberration (2001)

It is well known that the eye's optics exhibit temporal instability in the form of microfluctuations in focus; however, almost nothing is known of the temporal properties of the eye's other aberrations. We constructed a real-time Hartmann-Shack (HS) wave-front sensor to measure these dynamics at frequencies as high as 60 Hz. To reduce spatial inhomogeneities in the short-exposure HS images, we used a low-coherence source and a scanning system. HS images were collected on three normal subjects with natural and paralyzed accommodation. Average temporal power spectra were computed for the wave-front rms, the Seidel aberrations, and each of 32 Zernike coefficients. The results indicate the presence of fluctuations in all of the eye's aberration, not just defocus. Fluctuations in higher-order aberrations share similar spectra and bandwidths both within and between subjects, dropping at a rate of approximately 4 dB per octave in temporal frequency. The spectrum shape for higher-order aberrations is generally different from that for microfluctuations of accommodation. The origin of these measured fluctuations is not known, and both corneal/lenticular and retinal causes are considered. Under the assumption that they are purely corneal or lenticular, calculations suggest that a perfect adaptive optics system with a closed-loop bandwidth of 1-2 Hz could correct these aberrations well enough to achieve diffraction-limited imaging over a dilated pupil.
Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test (2018)

Earlier detection is key to reducing cancer deaths. Here, we describe a blood test that can detect eight common cancer types through assessment of the levels of circulating proteins and mutations in cell-free DNA. We applied this test, called CancerSEEK, to 1005 patients with nonmetastatic, clinically detected cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast. CancerSEEK tests were positive in a median of 70% of the eight cancer types. The sensitivities ranged from 69 to 98% for the detection of five cancer types (ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, and esophagus) for which there are no screening tests available for average-risk individuals. The specificity of CancerSEEK was greater than 99%: only 7 of 812 healthy controls scored positive. In addition, CancerSEEK localized the cancer to a small number of anatomic sites in a median of 83% of the patients.
Collapse of stamps for soft lithography due to interfacial adhesion (2005)

Collapse of elastomeric elements used for pattern transfer in soft lithography is studied through experimental measurements and theoretical modeling. The objective is to identify the driving force for such collapse. Two potential driving forces, the self-weight of the stamp and the interfacial adhesion, are investigated. An idealized configuration of periodic rectangular grooves and flat punches is considered. Experimental observations demonstrate that groove collapse occurs regardless of whether the gravitational force promotes or suppresses such collapse, indicating that self-weight is not the driving force. On the other hand, model predictions based on the postulation that interfacial adhesion is the driving force exhibit excellent agreement with the experimentally measured collapse behavior. The interfacial adhesion energy is also evaluated by matching an adhesion parameter in the model with the experimental data.
Cardiovascular and Endothelial Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation in Healthy Volunteers (2007)

Consumption of fish oil (FO) is associated with reduced adverse cardiovascular events. In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 26 subjects (17 men and 9 women; mean age [+/- SD] 31 +/- 3.7 years) received 1 g FO capsule (n = 14) or placebo (1 g of corn oil, n = 12) for 14 days. At day 0 and day 14, heart rate (HR), blood pressure, endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (EDV), and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (EIDV) were assessed with ultrasound. FO supplementation resulted in a significant increase in EDV (20.4% +/- 13.2% vs 9.9% +/- 5.4%; P = .036) and EIDV (32.6% +/- 16.8% vs 18.0% +/- 14.9%; P = .043). Resting HR decreased by a mean of 5.9 +/- 9.4 bpm (FO) compared with placebo (mean increase of 0.73 +/- 4.8 bpm [P = .05]). FO supplementation in healthy subjects is associated with improved endothelial function and decreased resting HR.
Cloning a cDNA for the pro-alpha 2 chain of human type I collagen. (1981)

Poly(A)-RNA enriched for type I procollagen sequences was isolated from normal human fibroblasts and used as template to synthesize double-stranded cDNA with avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase. After the ends had been blunted with nuclease S1 and dGMP tails had been added with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, the double-stranded cDNA was annealed with pBR322 DNA that had previously been cleaved with EcoRI, blunted with AMV reverse transcriptase, and dCMP-tailed with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. The chimeric molecule was used to transform Escherichia coli strain HB101. Ninety-five recombinant clones were obtained and screened by dot hybridization analysis using 32P-labeled cDNA synthesized from the original poly(A)-RNA collagen-enriched population. Three positive clones were isolated and further characterized by blot hybridization techniques and by EcoRII digestion. One clone with an insert of 2.2 kilobases was shown to contain sequences encoding for the pro-alpha 2 chain of human type I procollagen. DNA sequence analysis of a 172-nucleotide fragment demonstrated that the cloned cDNA extends from amino acid position 450 of the alpha 2 chain to the middle of the COOH-terminal propeptide.
Gold Films with Imprinted Cavities (2009)

Nanostructured metal films may exhibit localized plasmon resonances that are of great interest due to their potential use in sensors and other photonic devices. In this Letter, we employ a general and versatile method for fabricating metal films with imprinted cavities using a combination of colloidal lithography, template stripping, and plasma etching. We demonstrate the procedure in the fabrication of 40 nm thick gold films containing varying densities of imprinted 100 nm spherical cavities. The plasmon energy of the cavity mode is investigated spectroscopically and exhibits sensitivity to refractive index changes in the cavity interior. Using microcontact stripping to generate confined patterns of cavities, we establish a direct correlation between optical dark field and AFM images of single and clustered cavities. The results demonstrate the applicability of single imprinted cavities as highly localized refractive index sensors.
Reproducible “Cold” Fusion Reaction Using a Complex Cathode (1992)

A new complex cathode was developed, consisting of a nickel (or palladium) rod with a palladium layer applied by plasma spraying. High reproducibility of a “cold” fusion reaction is confirmed by using this cathode. The palladium layer activates the surface functions of the deuterated cathode, and reliable evidence is obtained that a new type of heat generation occurred in the complex cathode.
5(4H)-Oxazolones as Dienophiles in the Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-bicycloalkanecarboxylic Acids (1990)

The application of 2-phenyl-4-benzylidene-5(4H)-oxazolone (1) as a dienophile in the synthesis of 2-amino-2-bicycloalkanecarboxylic acids is described. The influence of different Lewis acids and the reaction conditions are discussed.
Effects of Rapeseed Oil on Activity of Methylmalonyl-CoA Carboxyltransferase in Culture ofStreptomyces fradiae (1998)

To investigate why more tylosin was produced when Streptomyces fradiae T1558 was cultured in a rapeseed oil medium than in a glucose or starch medium, we measured the activity of methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.1) and intracellular propionic acid. The activity of the enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of the precursor of tylosin, protylonolide, was 0.19 U/mg protein in 5 days of culture in rapeseed oil medium, which was 2.5- and 1.3-fold that with the glucose or starch medium, respectively. The intracellular propionic acid concentration was 1.2 g/g of dry weight, which was 4.3- and 2.1-fold that with the glucose or starch medium, respectively. The addition of propionic acid increased tylosin production in batch culture: when 0.2 g/l (final concentration) propionic acid was added to the glucose medium, 3.8 g/l tylosin was produced in 10 days of culture, 4.7-fold the amount without propionic acid. These findings suggest that in glucose medium, intracellular propionic acid is a limiting factor because of the low activity of methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase of the tylosin biosynthesis pathway.
Pirfenidone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy (2016)

The landscape of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has changed. The significant progress regarding our knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease together with the experience achieved after a series of negative trials has led to the development of two drugs for the treatment of IPF. Both pirfenidone and nintedanib can slow significantly the rate of disease progression. They are safe with side effects that can be either prevented by close collaboration between health care professionals and patients or treated successfully when they occur, rarely leading to treatment discontinuation. However, there are still few unanswered questions regarding the application of the beneficial results of pharmaceutical trials in the general population of IPF patients. Long-term "real-life" studies are being undertaken to answer these questions. In this article, we focus on the advances that have led to the development of the antifibrotic agents with particular focus on pirfenidone.
Prefrontal Dopamine D1Receptors and Working Memory in Schizophrenia (2002)

Studies in nonhuman primates documented that appropriate stimulation of dopamine (DA) D1 receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is critical for working memory processing. The defective ability of patients with schizophrenia at working memory tasks is a core feature of this illness. It has been postulated that this impairment relates to a deficiency in mesocortical DA function. In this study, D1 receptor availability was measured with positron emission tomography and the selective D1 receptor antagonist [11C]NNC 112 in 16 patients with schizophrenia (seven drug-naive and nine drug-free patients) and 16 matched healthy controls. [11C]NNC 112 binding potential (BP) was significantly elevated in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia (1.63 +/- 0.39 ml/gm) compared with control subjects (1.27 +/- 0.44 ml/gm; p = 0.02). In patients with schizophrenia, increased DLPFC [11C]NNC 112 BP was a strong predictor of poor performance at the n-back task, a test of working memory. These findings confirm that alteration of DLPFC D1 receptor transmission is involved in working memory deficits presented by patients with schizophrenia. Increased D1 receptor availability observed in patients with schizophrenia might represent a compensatory (but ineffective) upregulation secondary to sustained deficiency in mesocortical DA function.
Phase 2 Clinical Trial of AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Oral Live Vector Vaccine CVD 908-htrAin U.S. Volunteers (2000)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain CVD 908-htrA is a live attenuated strain which may be useful as an improved oral typhoid vaccine and as a vector for cloned genes of other pathogens. We conducted a phase 2 trial in which 80 healthy adults received one of two dosage levels of CVD 908-htrA in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. There were no differences in the rates of side effects among volunteers who received high-dose vaccine (4.5 x 10(8) CFU), lower-dose vaccine (5 x 10(7) CFU), or placebo in the 21 days after vaccination, although recipients of high-dose vaccine (8%) had more frequent diarrhea than placebo recipients (0%) in the first 7 days. Seventy-seven percent and 46% of recipients of high- and lower-dose vaccines, respectively, briefly excreted vaccine organisms in their stools. All blood cultures were negative. Antibody-secreting cells producing antilipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected in 100 and 92% of recipients of high- and lower-dose vaccines, respectively. Almost half the volunteers developed serum anti-LPS IgG. Lymphocyte proliferation and gamma interferon production against serovar Typhi antigens occurred in a significant proportion of vaccinees. This phase 2 study supports the further development of CVD 908-htrA as a single-dose vaccine against typhoid fever and as a possible live vector for oral delivery of other vaccine antigens.
Nodes of Ranvier form in association with ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM)-positive Schwann cell processes (2001)

In the adult peripheral nerve, microvillous processes of myelinating Schwann cells project to the nodes of Ranvier; their composition and physiologic function have not been established. As the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are expressed in the microvilli of many epithelial cells, we have examined the expression and distribution of these proteins in Schwann cells and neurons in vitro and in vivo. Cultured Schwann cells express high levels of all three proteins and the ezrin-binding protein 50, whereas neurons express much lower, although detectable, levels of radixin and moesin. Ezrin is specific for Schwann cells. All three ERM proteins are expressed predominantly at the membrane of cultured Schwann cells, notably in their microvilli. In vivo, the ERM proteins are concentrated strikingly in the nodal processes of myelinating Schwann cells. Because these processes are devoid of myelin proteins, they represent a unique compartment of the myelinating Schwann cell. During development, the ERM proteins become concentrated at the ends of Schwann cells before myelin basic protein expression, demonstrating that Schwann cells are polarized longitudinally at the onset of myelination. ERM-positive Schwann cell processes overlie and are associated closely with nascent nodes of Ranvier, identified by clusters of ankyrin G. Ankyrin accumulation at the node precedes that of Caspr at the paranodes and therefore does not depend on the presence of mature paranodal junctions. These results demonstrate that nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral nervous system form in contact with specialized processes of myelinating Schwann cells that are highly enriched in ERM proteins.
Intense pulsed light treatment of hirsutism: case reports of skin phototypes V and VI (1999)

Removal of unwanted hair is a common cosmetic concern. For hirsute women, treatment often requires drug therapy and various methods to physically remove the hair. Traditional methods of hair removal include shaving, waxing, tweezing, depilatory creams and electrolysis. Hair removal methods based on light technology, such as lasers and intense pulsed light systems, are alternative methods for longer-term hair removal. Intense pulsed light has been used in our clinic during the past 2 years to treat light-to-dark skinned patients, including skin types V and VI. We present here the treatment, using an intense pulsed light source, of three dark skinned patients with hirsutism. Patients were treated during multiple sessions (five to seven) for unwanted facial hair. Sessions were conducted monthly and patients were evaluated at follow-up sessions 2-7 months after the final treatment. Successful clearance of unwanted hair was achieved in all three patients with no pigmentary changes observed during the final follow-up sessions. Folliculitis and hyperpigmentation from tweezing were also treated by the intense pulsed light source. These results suggest that intense pulsed light is an effective source for hair removal and may, with proper parameter selection, be useful in the treatment of very dark skin types.
Bcl2L13 is a ceramide synthase inhibitor in glioblastoma (2014)

Therapy resistance is a major limitation to the successful treatment of cancer. Here, we identify Bcl2-like 13 (Bcl2L13), an atypical member of the Bcl-2 family, as a therapy susceptibility gene with elevated expression in solid and blood cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). We demonstrate that mitochondria-associated Bcl2L13 inhibits apoptosis induced by a wide spectrum of chemo- and targeted therapies upstream of Bcl2-associated X protein activation and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in vitro and promotes GBM tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, Bcl2L13 binds to proapoptotic ceramide synthases 2 (CerS2) and 6 (CerS6) via a unique C-terminal 250-aa sequence located between its Bcl-2 homology and membrane anchor domains and blocks homo- and heteromeric CerS2/6 complex formation and activity. Correspondingly, CerS2/6 activity and Bcl2L13 abundance are inversely correlated in GBM tumors. Thus, our genetic and functional studies identify Bcl2L13 as a regulator of therapy susceptibility and point to the Bcl2L13-CerS axis as a promising target to enhance responses of therapy-refractory cancers toward conventional and targeted regimens currently in clinical use.
New insights into the relationship between airway inflammation and asthma (2002)

Asthma is a condition characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation which is usually, but not invariably, eosinophilic. Current thoughts on the pathogenesis of asthma are focused on the idea that it is caused by an inappropriate response of the specific immune system to harmless antigens, particularly allergens such as cat dander and house dust mite, that result in Th2-mediated chronic inflammation. However, the relationship between inflammation and asthma is complex, with no good correlation between the severity of inflammation, at least as measured by the number of eosinophils, and the severity of asthma. In addition, there are a number of conditions, such as eosinophilic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis, in which there is a Th2-mediated inflammatory response, but no asthma, as measured by variable airflow obstruction or AHR. Bronchoconstriction can also occur without obvious airway inflammation, and neutrophilic inflammation can in some cases be associated with asthma. When we compared the immunopathology of eosinophilic bronchitis and asthma, the only difference we observed was that, in asthma, the airway smooth muscle (ASM) was infiltrated by mast cells, suggesting that airway obstruction and AHR are due to an ASM mast cell myositis. This observation emphasizes that the features that characterize asthma, as opposed to bronchitis, are due to abnormalities in smooth muscle responsiveness, which could be intrinsic or acquired, and that inflammation is only relevant in that it leads to these abnormalities. It also emphasizes the importance of micro-localization as an organizing principle in physiological responses to airway inflammation. Thus, if inflammation is localized to the epithelium and lamina propria, then the symptoms of bronchitis (cough and mucus hypersecretion) result, and it is only if the ASM is involved–for reasons that remain to be established–that asthma occurs.
A Device for Surface-Scanning Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (1992)

A simple but very efficient device for micro-Raman spectroscopy of highly absorbing solid samples is described. The device allows rapid scanning of the focused laser beam on the surface of a solid sample, which avoids heating of the sample. By means of a pair of computer-controlled piezo-translators, which are fixed to the microscope objective, the laser beam can be scanned in a great variety of traces, the scattered light of which is collected and optically transformed into a very small spot at the entrance slit of the spectrometer. The system is tested on highly absorbing (partially) polymerized diacetylene single crystals at low temperatures.
The exploitation of sparse-matrix techniques in conjunction with the piecewise harmonic-balance method for nonlinear microwave circuit analysis (2002)

A novel sparse-matrix approach to the simulation of nonlinear microwave circuits by the Newton-iteration-based piecewise harmonic-balance technique is presented. Selected elements of the Jacobian matrix are set to zero according to some physical criterion, which leads to a sparse Jacobian with a preselected pattern of nonzeros. This allows the use of specialized sparse-matrix solvers, with an effective optimization of both memory storage and CPU time. The code has been developed in both a scalar and a vectorized version optimized for the Cray Y-MP supercomputer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>