gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivalent cross-linking of membrane Ig sensitizes murine B cells to a broader spectrum of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide motifs, including their methylated counterparts, for stimulation of proliferation and Ig secretion (1999)

We have previously reported that B cells that are activated by multivalent but not bivalent membrane Ig cross-linking ligands synergize with various B cell activators culminating in enhanced B cell proliferation. In this study we asked whether B cells that are activated by a multivalent mIg cross-linking agonist could respond to oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing non-stimulatory motifs. Earlier reports have shown that ODN containing a CpG motif in which the cytosine is unmethylated and is flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines induce high levels of B cell activation, while ODN whose CpG are methylated or flanked by sequences other than the optimal two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines were non-stimulatory. In this manuscript we show that when B cells are stimulated in vitro with dextran-conjugated anti-IgD antibodies (anti-IgD-dex), as the multivalent mIg ligand, their proliferation is enhanced and they can be induced to secrete Ig in response to ODN containing various non-optimal motifs, both methylated and non-methylated. Furthermore we could induce synergistic levels of proliferation with concentrations of anti-IgD-dex that were in the picomolar concentration range and with concentrations of ODN that were 10- to 100-fold less than previously reported to be necessary for mitogenic activity. These data provided a model to explain how low concentrations of a multi-epitope-expressing microorganism in the context of mammalian (methylated) or microorganism (non-methylated) DNA can lead to dysregulated B cell proliferation and Ig secretion.
Web Table Extraction, Retrieval and Augmentation: A Survey (2020)

Tables are a powerful and popular tool for organizing and manipulating data. A vast number of tables can be found on the Web, which represents a valuable knowledge resource. The objective of this survey is to synthesize and present two decades of research on web tables. In particular, we organize existing literature into six main categories of information access tasks: table extraction, table interpretation, table search, question answering, knowledge base augmentation, and table augmentation. For each of these tasks, we identify and describe seminal approaches, present relevant resources, and point out interdependencies among the different tasks.
DFT Studies on the Borylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Phosphine Copper(I) Boryl Complexes and Observations on the Interconversions between O- and C-Bound Enolates of Cu, B, and Si (2008)

The detailed mechanisms for the borylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acrolein and methylacrylate, catalyzed by phosphine copper(I) boryl complexes were studied with the aid of density functional theory calculations. The results show that the catalyzed borylation occurs through C═C insertion into Cu−B to give a β-borylalkyl C-bound Cu(I) enolate intermediate. In the borylation of acrolein, the C-bound Cu(I) enolate undergoes a keto-to-enol isomerization to give an O-bound enolate intermediate followed by a σ-bond metathesis with a diboron reagent. In the borylation of methylacrylate, a keto-to-enol isomerization does not occur due to the inertness of the ester group. Alcoholysis or hydrolysis is necessary to convert the C-bound Cu(I) enolate intermediate efficiently to the borylation product and Cu(I) alkoxide that can easily undergo σ-bond metathesis with a diboron reagent. The different borylation reaction mechanisms of acrolein and methylacrylate are closely related to the relative thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the C- and O-enolate intermediates involved in the reactions of the two different classes of substrates. The insertion reactions of ethene, formaldehyde, acrolein (2-propenal, CH2═CH—CHO), and methylacrylate (CH2═CH—CO2Me) into a Cu−B bond were compared. It was found that the insertion barriers correlate very well with the orbital energies of the LUMOs calculated for the four substrates, supporting the notion that the insertion mainly involves a nucleophilic attack of the Cu−B σ bond at the coordinated unsaturated substrate molecule. Although formaldehyde is more active than ethene in the insertion reaction, the reactivity of the C═C bond is greater than that of the C═O bond in α,β-unsaturated aldehyde and ester. In addition, the thermodynamics and kinetics of interconversions between O- and C-bound enolates of Cu, B, and Si have been investigated.
Comparison of Morphine, Ketorolac, and Their Combination for Postoperative Pain (2005)

Opioids are more efficacious analgesics than NSAIDs, although historic data for these two drugs yield similar numbers needed to treat. Adding NSAIDs to the opioid treatment reduces morphine requirements and opioid-related side effects in the early postoperative period.
Conditioning-Related Protection From Acoustic Injury: Effects of Chronic Deefferentation and Sham Surgery (1997)

The inner ear can be made less vulnerable to acoustic injury by a "conditioning" treatment involving exposure to a moderate-level acoustic stimulus before the acoustic overexposure. The present study was designed to explore the role of the olivocochlear (OC) system in this "protection." Guinea pigs were divided into a number of groups: some (trauma-only) were exposed to a traumatic noise for 4 h at 109 dB SPL; others (condition/trauma) were conditioned by daily exposure to the same noise at 85 dB SPL before the traumatic exposure. In OC-intact animals, the condition/trauma group showed significantly less permanent threshold shift (PTS) than the trauma-only group as measured via compound action potentials and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Other animals with identical noise-exposure regimens underwent deefferentation surgery before the start of conditioning: the OC bundle (OCB) was cut in the brain stem, either at the midline (cutting the crossed OCB to both ears) or at the sulcus limitans (cutting all OC fibers to 1 side). Lesion success was quantified by measuring OC fascicles to the outer hair cell region in each ear. The results from the surgical groups showed that total loss of the OCB significantly increased the noise-induced PTS, whereas loss of the COCB only did not; that the conditioning exposure in deefferented animals increased, rather than decreased, the PTS from the traumatic exposure; and that animals undergoing sham surgery (brain stem cuts that failed to transect the OCB) appeared protected whether or not they received the conditioning noise exposure. The latter result suggests that conditioning-related protection may arise from a generalized stress response, which can be elicited by noise exposure, brain surgery, or a variety of other means. The former results make an OC role in the conditioning process, per se, difficult to assess, given the large effects of OC activity on general acoustic vulnerability.
<title>Use of lasers in the furniture industry</title> (1995)

One of the ways of using laser in industry is its usage in loss treatment of wood and composite wood products. In the furniture industry the above mentioned machining is used in such technological processes in which tool machining (sawing, molding) is not economical or even possible. These processes are mainly curvilinear cutting of layer materials like veneers, plywood, and face layers and thicker materials like particleboards, fiberboards, and lumber- core panels. Wide usage has also been achieved in heat treatment in wood for decoration. It can be calcinating designs, engraving them, blackening of parts of surfaces, or changing of anatomic characteristics of wood tissue. Nevertheless laser usage in recliner cutting seems at present causeless.
A pneumatically-actuated three-way microvalve fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane using the membrane transfer technique (2000)

In this paper, a three-way microvalve system composed of three independent one-way valve units is presented. Each valve unit has a membrane, which is actuated by external negative air pressure. Intervals between the valve units are smaller than 780 µm, which opens up the possibility of realizing a high-density microvalve array. The small intervals were realized by providing the system with a layer of microchannels to conduct the air pressure to the valve units. In spite of the extra layer of microchannels, the device has been fabricated through a simple process by adopting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the material for the microchannel chips as well as the membrane. In particular, a newly developed technique for wafer level transfer of a PDMS membrane has been proven to be effective. Flow characteristics of the microvalve system for water are presented. The microvalve works in an on-off manner with hysteresis. No leakage has been observed in the closed state. In the open state, measured flow resistances (pressure drops) are within the range of 1.65-2.29 kPa (µl min -1)-1, and consistent with an electric circuit model.
The room acoustic rendering equation (2007)

An integral equation generalizing a variety of known geometrical room acoustics modeling algorithms is presented. The formulation of the room acoustic rendering equation is adopted from computer graphics. Based on the room acoustic rendering equation, an acoustic radiance transfer method, which can handle both diffuse and nondiffuse reflections, is derived. In a case study, the method is used to predict several acoustic parameters of a room model. The results are compared to measured data of the actual room and to the results given by other acoustics prediction software. It is concluded that the method can predict most acoustic parameters reliably and provides results as accurate as current commercial room acoustic prediction software. Although the presented acoustic radiance transfer method relies on geometrical acoustics, it can be extended to model diffraction and transmission through materials in future.
Cholinergic receptors in human brain: Effects of aging and alzheimer disease (1990)

A general review of cholinergic receptors in human brain is presented. The paper focuses upon changes in normal aging brain and in Alzheimer disease. Studies from five different approaches are reported: 1) molecular biology; 2) receptor binding studies; 3) studies with specific neurotoxins; 4) immunocytochemistry; and 5) PET scan. These studies document profound and characteristic differences between the normal aging and the pathological Alzheimer brain with regard to cholinergic receptor localization, distribution, and function.
Positive Photoreactive Polyimides. II. Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide Precursors Containing α-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethyl Ester Side Chains (1987)

Abstract The monomers were derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and α-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanol, which was prepared by selective reduction of 2-nitroacetophenone. Polyimide precursors were synthesized by an interfacial polycondensation technique. Their thermal properties in nitrogen were studied by dynamic thermogravimetry. The photore-arrangement of 2-nitrobenzyl ester having a methyl group at the α-position compared to that of the unsubstituted ester was investigated by infrared spectrophotometry. The polymers obtained in this study gave a high proportion of photorearrangement to show high sensitivity. The exposed areas dissolved in 2% aqueous KOH, forming high resolution patterns because they did not swell during the developing process.
Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes Induce Antibody-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

Abstract Recent studies in HER-2/neu-targeted immunotherapy demonstrated that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of cell death remained unclear. We used several assays to analyze the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 via PMN-dependent Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the presence of the HER-2/neu Ab 520C9 and PMN from healthy donors, apoptosis occurred as detected by annexin V binding and disappearance of euploid SK-BR-3 nuclei, which can be differentiated from PMN nuclei by their increased DNA contents. Apoptosis induction was observed with E:T cell ratios as low as 10:1. Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy of TUNEL tumor cells or staining for cleaved cytokeratin-18 further confirmed apoptosis of the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Killing via 520C9 was dependent on the interaction with FcR on PMN, because 1) F(ab′)2 fragments of 520C9 mediated no cytotoxicity, 2) target cell death was influenced by a biallelic polymorphism of FcγRIIa on the effector cells, and 3) a bispecific Ab against HER-2/neu and the IgA receptor (FcαRI) expressed on effector cells significantly induced apoptosis. Thus, PMN induce Ab-dependent apoptosis against human breast cancer cells targeted with HER-2/neu-directed mAbs or FcR directed bispecific Abs.
Connections with multiple congested gateways in packet-switched networks part 1 (1991)

In this paper we explore the bias in TCP/IP networks against connections with multiple congested gateways. We consider the interaction between the bias against connections with multiple congested gateways, the bias of the TCP window modification algorithm against connections with longer roundtrip times, and the bias of Drop Tail and Random Drop gateways against bursty traffic. Using simulations and a heuristic analysis, we show that in a network with the window modification algorithm in 4.3 tahoe BSD TCP and with Random Drop or Drop Tail gateways, a longer connection with multiple congested gateways can receive unacceptably low throughput. We show that in a network with no bias against connections with longer roundtrip times and with no bias against bursty traffic, a connection with multiple congested gateways can receive an acceptable level of throughput.We discuss the application of several current measures of fairness to networks with multiple congested gateways, and show that different measures of fairness have quite different implications. One view is that each connection should receive the same throughput in bytes/second, regardless of roundtrip times or numbers of congested gateways. Another view is that each connection should receive the same share of the network's scarce congested resources. In general, we believe that the fairness criteria for connections with multiple congested gateways requires further consideration.
Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Lithium Aluminum Hydride1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Lithium Aluminum Hydride1Lawrence H. Amundsen and Lloyd S. NelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 242–244Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5865Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Real-Time Push-Pull Communications Model for Distributed Real-Time and Multimedia Systems (1999)

Real-time and multimedia applications like multi-party collaboration, internet telephony and distributed com-mand control systems require the exchange of information over distributed and heterogeneous nodes. Multiple data types including voice, video, sensor data, real-time intelligence data and text are being transported widely across today&amp;apos;s information, control and surveillance networks. All such applications can bene t enormously from middleware, operating system and networking services that can support QoS guarantees, high availability, dynamic recon gurability and scalability. In this paper, we propose a middleware layer called the \\Real-Time Push-Pull Communications Service &amp;amp;quot; to easily and quickly disseminate information across heterogeneous nodes with exible communication patterns. Real-time push-pull communications is an extension of the real-time publisher/subscriber model, and represents both \\push &amp;amp;quot; (data transfer initiated by a sender) and \\pull &amp;amp;quot; (data transfer initiated by a receiver) communications. Nodes with widely di ering processing power and networking bandwidth can coordinate and co-exist by the provision of appropriate and automatic support for transformation on data. In particular, unlike the real-time publisher/subscriber model, di erent information sources and sinks can operate at di erent frequencies and also can choose another (intermediate) node to act as their proxy and and deliver data at the desired frequency. In
PARP and PARG inhibitors in cancer treatment (2020)

Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of <i>BRCA</i> mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
Broadband Metasurfaces with Simultaneous Control of Phase and Amplitude (2014)

By combining the freedom of both the structural design and the orientation of split ring resonator antennas, we demonstrate terahertz metasurfaces that are capable of controlling both the phase and amplitude profiles over a very broad bandwidth. As an example, we show that the phase-amplitude metasurfaces can be engineered to control the diffraction orders arbitrarily.
A Deep Cascade of Convolutional Neural Networks for Dynamic MR Image Reconstruction (2017)

Inspired by recent advances in deep learning, we propose a framework for reconstructing dynamic sequences of 2-D cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images from undersampled data using a deep cascade of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to accelerate the data acquisition process. In particular, we address the case where data are acquired using aggressive Cartesian undersampling. First, we show that when each 2-D image frame is reconstructed independently, the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art 2-D compressed sensing approaches, such as dictionary learning-based MR image reconstruction, in terms of reconstruction error and reconstruction speed. Second, when reconstructing the frames of the sequences jointly, we demonstrate that CNNs can learn spatio-temporal correlations efficiently by combining convolution and data sharing approaches. We show that the proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods and is capable of preserving anatomical structure more faithfully up to 11-fold undersampling. Moreover, reconstruction is very fast: each complete dynamic sequence can be reconstructed in less than 10 s and, for the 2-D case, each image frame can be reconstructed in 23 ms, enabling real-time applications.
Fluorescence In situ Hybridization Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2009)

The CTC isolated from our patient cohort present a very similar molecular cytogenetic profile to that reported for late-stage tumors and show that FISH analysis of CTC can be a valuable, noninvasive surrogate for routine tumor profiling. That as many as 50% of these patients have substantial amplification of the AR locus indicates that androgen signaling continues to play an important role in late-stage prostate cancer.
Chimeric recombinases with designed DNA sequence recognition (2003)

Site-specific recombination typically occurs only between DNA sequences that have co-evolved with a natural recombinase enzyme to optimize sequence recognition, catalytic efficiency, and regulation. Here, we show that the sequence recognition and the catalysis functions of a recombinase can be specified by unrelated protein domains. We describe chimeric recombinases with a catalytic domain from an activated multiple mutant of the bacterial enzyme Tn3 resolvase, fused to a DNA recognition domain from the mouse transcription factor Zif268. These proteins catalyze efficient recombination specifically at synthetic target sites recognized by two Zif268 domains. Our results demonstrate the functional autonomy of the resolvase catalytic domain and open the way to creating "custom-built" recombinases that act at chosen natural target sequences.