gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Cyclic Templates of α-MSH Give Highly Selective and Potent Antagonists/Agonists for Human Melanocortin-3/4 Receptors (2002)

In an effort to develop highly selective and potent agonists and/or antagonists for the hMC3 and hMC4 receptors, a new approach involving the use of linker arms and a backbone to side chain cyclization strategy was employed. Three key analogues were identified to have the required selectivity and potency at the hMC3 or hMC4 receptors, implicated to play pivotal roles in energy homeostasis and other biological effects. The novel cyclic peptide (O)C-CH(2)-CH(2)-C(O)-c-[His(6)-D-Phe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys(10)]-NH(2) (1) was found to be a highly selective and potent agonist of the hMC4 receptor. Structure-activity studies have shown that replacing the succinyl linker arm of 1 by an o-phthalic acid group and substituting a D-Nal(2')(7) residue in place of D-Phe(7) results in a potent antagonist 7 at the hMC4 receptor. Furthermore, increasing the 23-membered lactam ring of 1 by one carbon atom (succinyl --> glutaric acid linker) gives a highly selective and potent antagonist 9 for the hMC3 receptor. Analogues 1, 7, and 9 therefore represent the first examples of a class of cyclic melanotropin ligands with high selectivity and defined biological activities at the physiologically important hMC3 and hMC4 receptors.
Modeling and Optimization for Efficient Electrical Mobility: Challenges from the E-Tour Project (2009)

Introduction. Electrical vehicles (EVs) will play a tremendously important role in the road traffic of the future. The main reasons are that EVs offer the potential to reduce the dependency on dwindling fossil fuel reserves, while at the same time they help curb the emission of climate-relevant gases and other harmful pollutants. Against that background, the German government has launched an initiative to bring one million electrical vehicles to the street by the year 2020 [1]. Interestingly, a significant portion of the funding is devoted to research and development of information and communication technology centered around electrical mobility. As part of this research effort, the Technical University of Munich participates in the E-Tour Allgau project, which was granted a total funding of 5.8 million Euros and runs from 2009 to 2011. The goal of E-Tour Allgau is to show how sustainable electrical transportation, using local and renewable energy sources, can be realized in a rural hilly region southwest of Munich, called the Allgau. In this region, a diverse fleet of 30 EVs will be operated and monitored under typical modes of usage, such as commuting to nearby Munich. Although the project has only recently started, it is already apparent that electrical mobility rises several challenges that can and need to be addressed by constraint reasoning and optimization methods. Below, we outline two of the problems considered in E-Tour Allgau:
PYIN: A fundamental frequency estimator using probabilistic threshold distributions (2014)

We propose the Probabilistic YIN (PYIN) algorithm, a modification of the well-known YIN algorithm for fundamental frequency (F0) estimation. Conventional YIN is a simple yet effective method for frame-wise monophonic F0 estimation and remains one of the most popular methods in this domain. In order to eliminate short-term errors, outputs of frequency estimators are usually post-processed resulting in a smoother pitch track. One shortcoming of YIN is that such post-processing cannot fall back on alternative interpretations of the signal because the method outputs precisely one estimate per frame. To address this problem we modify YIN to output multiple pitch candidates with associated probabilities (PYIN Stage 1). These probabilities arise naturally from a prior distribution on the YIN threshold parameter. We use these probabilities as observations in a hidden Markov model, which is Viterbi-decoded to produce an improved pitch track (PYIN Stage 2). We demonstrate that the combination of Stages 1 and 2 raises recall and precision substantially. The additional computational complexity of PYIN over YIN is low. We make the method freely available online <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> as an open source C++ library for Vamp hosts.
Multidentate Adsorbates for Self-Assembled Monolayer Films (2011)

The spontaneous adsorption of organic molecules on a variety of planar and nonplanar substrates, that is, self assembly, can generate films just one molecule thick. These nanoscale, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films have been extensively used to engineer surfaces with well-defined properties. Their utility has been demonstrated in a wide range of applications, including wetting, adhesion, lubrication, patterning, and molecular recognition. Many SAM systems have been investigated, but alkanethiols adsorbed on gold are the most successful combination. This pairing offers a variety of advantages, including the ability to tune precisely the interfacial properties of a surface through the well-established organic synthetic methodologies that have been developed for preparing custom ω-terminated alkanethiols. Alkanethiolate monolayers are moderately stable at room temperature; however, these films degrade over time and readily desorb upon moderate heating. This shortcoming limits the use of SAMs in applications involving elevated temperatures or harsh environments. Accordingly, new adsorbates with multiple bonding moieties have been created to enhance the stability and versatility of SAMs. In this Account, we examine a variety of multidentate adsorbate structures that have been used to generate SAMs on planar substrates and on nanoparticles. Each of these chelating adsorbates (bidentates and tridentates) has been designed to generate well-defined organic monolayer films with multiple attachment points to the underlying substrate. This bonding arrangement allows the formation of SAMs with enhanced stability through the entropy-driven "chelate effect". The research examined here demonstrates that multidentate adsorbates provide robust films: they enable the use of SAMs under conditions that are incompatible with SAMs derived from normal alkanethiols. Another advantage offered by multidentate adsorbates is the capacity for new paradigms in thin-film composition. In particular, appropriately designed chelating adsorbates can be engineered to have two or more chemically distinct terminal groups that are covalently linked to the same underlying headgroup, without adding steric bulk that might prove detrimental to the resultant assembly. This strategy allows the generation of homogeneously mixed multicomponent surfaces, overcoming the problem of phase separation or "islanding" that is pervasive when two or more chemically distinct adsorbates are used to form mixed SAMs. Such homogeneously mixed films offer the opportunity to fine-tune the interfacial properties of a substrate and to create unique heterogeneous interfaces that are well defined by the chemical composition of the tailgroups exposed at the surface. The insight derived from these studies opens the door to new uses for SAMs, both in surface engineering applications (such as corrosion resistance and soft lithographic patterning) and in the stabilization and manipulation of nanoparticles.
Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription (2004)

Progression in resistance training is a dynamic process that requires an exercise prescription process, evaluation of training progress, and careful development of target goals. The process starts with the determination of individual needs and training goals. This involves decisions regarding questions as to what muscles must be trained, injury prevention sites, metabolic demands of target training goals, etc. The single workout must then be designed reflecting these targeted program goals including the choice of exercises, order of exercise, amount of rest used between sets and exercises, number of repetitions and sets used for each exercise, and the intensity of each exercise. For progression, these variables must then be varied over time and the exercise prescription altered to maintain or advance specific training goals and to avoid overtraining. A careful system of goal targeting, exercise testing, proper exercise technique, supervision, and optimal exercise prescription all contribute to the successful implementation of a resistance training program.
Chemistry and Rheology of Borate-Crosslinked Fluids at Temperatures to 300F (1993)

Summary This paper explains the variables involved in borate chemistry as they affect crosslink formation, stability, and breaking properties. The borate-ion concentration in solution is a function of pH and temperature. A method for calculating borate-ion equilibria is used to help establish the required final pH value for application of a borate-crosslinked gel at a specific temperature. Introduction Many of the properties of borate-crosslinked fluids can be explained in terms of the shift in borate-ion equilibria with pH and temperature. Syneresis, the process of forming a dense polymer mass and excluding liquid from the structure, is easily understood as a product of increased borate-ion concentration when a fluid is cooled. Proppant-settling behavior that is pH-dependent also can be explained. As the equilibrium concentration of borate ion increases with increasing pH, the number of network crosslinks increases and hence the proppant-settling rate decreases. Rheological measurements from flow-loop and Fann Model 50 viscometers are used to help identify the chemical variables that control such fluid properties as crosslinking time, viscosity development, and the rehearing character of borate fluids. A new theological procedure using steady-state shear rate is presented for obtaining viscosity data for fluids used in fracture design programs. Background Borate-crosslinked fluids have been gaining popularity in the fracturing industry. Even though such fluids have been used for more than 20 years, new developments in borate-fluid technology are occurring rapidly, particularly with respect to high-temperature capability. For years, borate-crosslinked fluids were considered inexpensive, high-viscosity fluids limited to low temperature. More recently, wells up to 300F have been treated with borates. To understand the extension to high temperature, we should reconsider the chemistry of borate-crosslinked fluids. Borate Crosslinking Borate-crosslinked fluids used for fracturing consist of polysaccharide polymers crosslinked with borate salts. These gels are difficult to investigate with analytical instruments, so model diol chemical systems and model sugars have been used to study the formation of borate esters and crosslinking reactions. Borate crosslinks are viewed as rapid exchange equilibria of monoborate ion on the cis-diols of galactomannan polymers (guar).
Teratogenic Effects of Cyclopamine and Jervine in Rats, Mice and Hamsters (1975)

Golden hamster fetuses were extremely sensitive to the teratogenic action of jervine and cyclopamine, the steroidal alkaloid tetratogens from Veratrum californicum. Cebocephaly, harelip/cleft palate, exencephaly, and a cranial bled were the common deformities produced by dosing on the seventh day of gestation. Sprague-Dawley derived albino rats were susceptible to cyclopamine but not to jervine, and at an incidence very much lower than that of hamsters. Cebocephaly and microphthalmia were the common deformities. The terata were observed as a consequence of sixth to ninth-day dosings. Single-day dosings produced no terata. Swiss Webster mice were apparently resistant to the teratogens.
Determination of metallic impurities in a‐Si:H by SIMS (1982)

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been employed to characterize the metallic impurities introduced into ion beam deposited a‐Si: H. For quantitative results, this type of characterization normally requires a specific standard for each element of interest. Ion implantation has been the method of choice for providing these types of standards in Si. The problem with this approach is the time and cost required in obtaining implants for each element to be analyzed. In this study, we describe the application of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) model of SIMS quantitation to the analysis of metallic impurities in an a‐Si: H matrix. This method circumvents the need for specific standards for each element. Our results indicate that useful quantitative data can be obtained using the LTE method calibrated with one boron implant into c‐Si wafer.
Generalization by Weight-Elimination with Application to Forecasting (1990)

Inspired by the information theoretic idea of minimum description length, we add a term to the back propagation cost function that penalizes network complexity. We give the details of the procedure, called weight-elimination, describe its dynamics, and clarify the meaning of the parameters involved. From a Bayesian perspective, the complexity term can be usefully interpreted as an assumption about prior distribution of the weights. We use this procedure to predict the sunspot time series and the notoriously noisy series of currency exchange rates.
The views of Yoshino Sakuzo regarding China after World War I:Comparing with Wang Zhengting (2005)

Yoshino Sakuzo is not only the most important leading thinker in Taisyo Democracy, but also well known as a specialist on Sino-Japan relationship, who wrote many about China from Xinhai Revolution to the Manchurian Incident. This paper will discuss the views of Yoshino Sakuzo regarding China, especially Japan’s interests in China during the Paris Peace Conference, the Washington Conference, and the nationalist revolution. Besides, to make clear the significance of Yoshino’s views regarding China in the history of Sino-Japan relationship this paper will also compare Yoshino’s opinions about Sino-Japan relationship before the Manchurian Incident with Wang Zhengting’s, the Minister of Foreign Affairs in China.
Molecular uncoupling of C-C chemokine receptor 5-induced chemotaxis and signal transduction from HIV-1 coreceptor activity (1997)

The C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays a crucial role in facilitating the entry of macrophage-tropic strains of the HIV-1 into cells, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is completely unknown. To explore the role of CCR5-derived signal transduction in viral entry, we introduced mutations into two cytoplasmic domains of CCR5 involved in receptor-mediated function. Truncation of the terminal carboxyl-tail to eight amino acids or mutation of the highly conserved aspartate-arginine-tyrosine, or DRY, sequence in the second cytoplasmic loop of CCR5 effectively blocked chemokine-dependent activation of classic second messengers, intracellular calcium fluxes, and the cellular response of chemotaxis. In contrast, none of the mutations altered the ability of CCR5 to act as an HIV-1 coreceptor. We conclude that the initiation of signal transduction, the prototypic function of G protein coupled receptors, is not required for CCR5 to act as a coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into cells.
In Vivo Limestone Solubilization in Commercial Leghorns: Role of Dietary Calcium Level, Limestone Particle Size, In Vitro Limestone Solubility Rate, and the Calcium Status of the Hen (1990)

Three experiments were conducted to determine the possible interaction of particle size, in vitro limestone solubility rate, and the Ca status of the hen, respectively, with dietary Ca level and in vivo Ca solubilization in laying hens. The in vivo Ca solubilization in hens was determined by subtracting Ca recovered as limestone in the excreta (by repeated washing) from Ca fed as limestone. Limestones of two different particle sizes [.5 to .8 mm (small) versus 2 to 5 mm (large)] with the same in vitro solubility rates were used in Experiment 1. Limestones of two different in vitro solubility rates (4 versus 10%/15 min in .079 N HCl) with the same particle size in Experiment 2 were assessed for in vivo Ca solubilization. In both experiments, laying hens were fed diets containing graded levels of Ca: 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0%. In Experiment 3, hens fed a Ca-deficient (1%) diet for 1 wk were compared with hens fed a diet containing 3.75% Ca to assess in vivo Ca solubilization as influenced by graded dietary Ca levels: 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5% Ca. In vivo Ca solubilization in hens was influenced (P less than .05) by dietary Ca level (inverse relationship), limestone particle size (large particle greater than small particle), and Ca status of hens (Ca-deficient hens greater than normal hens). In vivo Ca solubilization in laying hens, for the particle size tested, was not influenced by in vitro limestone solubility rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conversion of methyl halides to hydrocarbons on basic zeolites: a discovery by in situ NMR (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of methyl halides to hydrocarbons on basic zeolites: a discovery by in situ NMRDavid K. Murray, Jih Wen Chang, and James F. HawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11, 4732–4741Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00064a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views688Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemokines Induced by Infection of Mononuclear Phagocytes with Mycobacteria and Present in Lung Alveoli during Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis (1998)

The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to induce production of chemokines with known chemotactic activity for monocytes and lymphocytes, the cellular building blocks of granulomas, was investigated. These chemokines included regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). MTB stimulated production of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha by blood monocytes (MN) and alveolar macrophages (AM). MTB infection of MN and AM stimulated release but not production of RANTES. AM produced or released significantly higher levels than MN of RANTES (by 2.1-fold), MCP-1 (by 6.9-fold), and MIP-1alpha (by 5. 5-fold) (P < 0.05 for each). This study also confirmed that MTB-infected AM produce the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8. MTB infection of AM resulted in increased steady-state expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha and minimal increased expression of RANTES mRNA. Both an avirulent (H37Ra) and a virulent (H37Rv) strain of MTB and purified protein derivative of H37Rv but not latex beads induced production of chemokines. Supernatants of MTB-infected cells demonstrated chemotactic activity for both monocytes and lymphocytes partially inhibitable by neutralizing antibodies against the chemokines studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis as compared with healthy control subjects contained increased levels of RANTES (by 8-fold), MCP-1 (by 2.7-fold), and IL-8 (by 8.9-fold) (P < 0.05), but not MIP-1alpha, as compared with healthy control subjects. Thus, multiple chemokines may be involved in recruitment of cells for granuloma formation in tuberculosis.
Physico-chemical characterization of liposomes with covalently attached hepatitis A VP3(101–121) synthetic peptide† (1998)

The covalent conjugation of a 20-mer peptide belonging to the VP3 capsid protein of hepatitis A virus to the surface of preformed liposomes was investigated. Three different bonds (disulfide, thioether and amide) were established between the peptide sequence and liposomes bearing at their surface appropriate reactive groups. The effect of the relative concentration of the N-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyryl]dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine anchor in liposomes on stability during coupling of the peptide sequence was studied. The interaction of the three liposomal preparations with phospholipids in a biomembrane model system, monolayers at the air-water interface, is also reported. The results showed that although the peptides associate with liposomes in similar yields for the three strategies studied, differences can be observed when their interaction with phospholipid monolayers composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is analysed.
Point-and-shoot for ubiquitous tagging on mobile phones (2010)

We propose a novel way to augment a real scene with minimalist user intervention on a mobile phone: The user only has to point the phone camera to the desired location of the augmentation. Our method is valid for vertical or horizontal surfaces only, but this is not a restriction in practice in man-made environments, and avoids to go through any reconstruction of the 3D scene, which is still a delicate process. Our approach is inspired by recent work on perspective patch recognition and we show how to modify it for better performances on mobile phones and how to exploit the phone accelerometers to relax the need for fronto-parallel views. In addition, our implementation allows to share the augmentations and the required data over peer-to-peer communication to build a shared AR space on mobile phones.
Recombinant human interleukin‐4 inhibits the production of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor by blood mononuclear cells (1994)

The effect of recombinant human (rh) interleukin-4 (rIL-4) on human blood BFU-E was investigated using two populations of cells: platelet-depleted low-density mononuclear cells (FH,Pl- cells), as unpurified cells, and highly purified BFU-E. When FH,Pl- cells were cultured with rh-erythropoietin (rEp), rIL-4 inhibited BFU-E growth in a dose-dependent manner. However, the addition of rIL-4 did not affect rh-interleukin-3 (rIL-3) supported BFU-E growth. Limiting dilution analysis (LDA) of FH,Pl- cells showed that rIL-4 suppressed endogenous production of burst-promoting activity (BPA) by accessory cells. Highly purified BFU-E were used as target cells to measure BPA in the conditioned medium (CM) that was prepared by FH,Pl- cells. When 100 purified BFU-E were cultured in 0.5 ml clots with 20% (vol/vol) of the CM, the number of BFU-E colonies was increased by the CM. The increase was significantly reduced by the addition of the CM prepared in the presence of rIL-4, but anti-IL-4 blocked the effect of rIL-4. The concentration of IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in CM was determined by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The spontaneous production of GM-CSF but not IL-3 was detected, and this was significantly decreased in the presence of rIL-4. Anti-GM-CSF but not anti-IL-3 inhibited CM supported BFU-E growth, indicating that the main BPA in the CM is GM-CSF and that rIL-4 suppresses the spontaneous production of GM-CSF by accessory cells. From these studies, we conclude that rIL-4 has a unique mechanism as a negative regulator on erythropoiesis through the inhibition of BPA production by blood mononuclear accessory cells.