gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Behavior of Human Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Carious Stimuli Analyzed by PCNA Immunostaining and AgNOR Staining (1996)

The change in proliferative and metabolic activities of human dental pulp cells responding to carious stimuli was studied by means of immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining. We classified the pulp tissues into five groups according to the progression of dental caries, ranging from grade 0 (the pulp of noncarious teeth) to grade 4 (the pulp of perforated carious teeth). PCNA-positive pulp cells were detected only in advanced dental caries (grades 3 and 4), and the difference in immuno-positive rate was significant between the two grades (p <0.001). However, the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus increased even in the early phase of dental caries, significant differences being detected between grades 1 and 2 (p<0.005), 2 and 3 (p<0.005), and 3 and 4 (p<0.001). Our data suggested that the metabolic activity of dental pulp cells was enhanced in the early phase of dental caries. However, proliferation of pulp cells occurred later in small degrees during fully developed caries such as grades 3 and 4. The slow and weak response in cellular proliferation might contribute to the usual fragility of the pulp to various assaults including caries or pulpitis.
Rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated NK cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus (2010)

Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. In experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt NK cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. In contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about NK cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. We demonstrate that NK cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infection. A large part of the expanding NK cells expressed the activating receptor NKG2C and were functional in terms of expressing a licensing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and ability to respond to target cell stimulation. These results demonstrate that NK cells can expand and remain elevated in numbers for a prolonged period of time in humans after a virus infection. In time, this response extends far beyond what is considered normal for an innate immune response.
Cell Transplantation as Future Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease? (2000)

Despite the development of improved therapies and the significant advances in the understanding of the basis of disease pathogenesis, millions of Americans continue to live with life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Recent breakthroughs suggest exciting directions that are likely to produce more effective therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. One such area, cell transplantation (grafting of healthy cells into the diseased heart), holds enormous potential as an approach to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Once thought to be a scientific long shot, cell transplantation is becoming recognized as a viable strategy to strengthen weak hearts and limit infarct growth. The technology could also be used for the long-term delivery of beneficial recombinant proteins to the heart, which is a strategy to complement molecular biology advances and provide an alternative strategy for gene therapy. On August 24, 1998, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to discuss the current status of this fast-moving line of research and to explore its promise for treating cardiovascular disease. The participants included basic and clinical researchers, with representatives from academic and commercial research settings. The workshop was designed to establish the state-of-the-art and to equate current research with practical clinical application. The group recommended short- and long-term goals to assist in realizing, in the most expedient manner, the potential utility of cell transplantation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. A summary of the meeting discussions and recommendations for future areas of research is presented.
Unexpected 100% Survival Following 60% Blood Loss Using Small-Volume 7.5% NaCl With Adenocaine and Mg2+ in the Rat Model of Extreme Hemorrhagic Shock (2011)

Hemorrhage is responsible for up to 40% of trauma mortality, and of these deaths, 33% to 56% occur during the prehospital period. In an effort to translate the cardioprotective effects of Adenocaine (adenosine, lidocaine) and Mg (ALM) from cardiac surgery to resuscitation science, we examined the early resuscitative effects of 7.5% NaCl with ALM in the rat model of 60% blood loss. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g, n = 40) were anesthetized and randomly assigned to one of five groups: (a) untreated, (b) 7.5% NaCl, (c) 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran 70, (d) 7.5% NaCl/Mg, and (e) 7.5% NaCl/ALM. Blood withdrawal occurred over ∼50 min (MAP 30-35 mmHg), and rats were left in shock for 30 min. Total shock time was ∼80 min; 0.3-mL bolus was injected intravenously over 10 s, and hemodynamics monitored for 60 min (phase 1). Shed blood was reinfused and function monitored for a further 60 min (phase 2). Lead II electrocardiogram, arterial pressures, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product were monitored. Mortality was as follows: untreated (100%), 7.5% NaCl (75%), 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran 70 (87.5%), 7.5% NaCl/Mg (62.5%), and 7.5% NaCl/ALM (0%). Deaths occurred at different times depending on treatment group and paralleled differences in the total number of ventricular arrhythmias with the highest number in untreated animals (49 ± 17) and lowest in 7.5% NaCl/ALM rats (2 ± 1.8) (P < 0.05). At the end of phase 1, MAP of 7.5% NaCl/ALM-treated animals increased from 29 to 40 mmHg (P < 0.05). At the end of phase 2, MAP, PP, HR, and rate-pressure product in the ALM group were 75%, 193%, 96%, and 83% of their preshock values. Small-volume (∼1 mL/kg) i.v. bolus of 7.5% NaCl/ALM led to 100% survival following 60% blood loss with higher MAP than any group, an 89% to 96% reduction in the total number of arrhythmias, and a stable HR.
Powering and communicating with mm-size implants (2011)

This paper deals with system level design considerations for mm-size implantable electronic devices with wireless connectivity. In particular, it focuses on neural sensors as one application requiring such miniature interfaces. Common to all these implants is the need for power supply and a wireless interface. Wireless power transfer via electromagnetic fields is identified as a promising option for powering such devices. Design methodologies, system level trade-offs, as well as limitations of power supply systems based on electromagnetic coupling are discussed in detail. Further, various wireless data communication architectures are evaluated for their feasibility in the application. Reflective impulse radios are proposed as an alternative scheme for enabling highly scalable data transmission at <;1pJ/bit. Finally, design considerations for the corresponding reader system are addressed.
The facile synthesis of nickel silicide nanobelts and nanosheets and their application in electrochemical energy storage (2008)

Ni silicides in the form of nanobelts and nanosheets were synthesized for the first time based on the chemical reaction of Ni substrate with SiHCl(3) under H(2) atmosphere at 900 °C. Their morphological, structural and compositional features were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. It was found that the nanobelts, 120-180 nm in thickness and 1-5 µm in width, comprise a single Ni(3)Si phase and the nanosheets 20-80 nm in thickness consist of Ni(3)Si and Ni(31)Si(12), which is influenced by the concentration ratio of SiHCl(3) to H(2). Moreover, the potential application of these Ni silicides in electrochemical energy storage was also investigated. The results indicate that the nanosheets have excellent electrochemical performance when used as anode material for high energy density lithium ion batteries: a reversible capacity of more than 540 mA h g(-1) can be maintained even for the 20th cycle in a standard Li(+) half-cell.
Monitoring of barite sag important in deviated drilling (1991)

Very low shear rate and oscillation rheometry techniques provide insight into the properties of drilling fluids that are associated with barite sag observed during drilling operations. This paper provides detailed study of the rheological behavior of four field muds completed with a controlled-stress rheometer. The techniques verified that detailed rheological studies of muds are needed to explain barite sag. Barite sag can be the source of severe drilling and well control problems during the drilling of deviated wells. In a deviated well this phenomenon results from the gravitationally induced settling of the barite to form either a density gradient or a barite sedimentation bed. Barite sag results if the rheological properties of the drilling fluid are inadequate to keep the weighting agent suspended. Improved rheological characterization of drilling fluids leads to a better understanding of barite sag and to the improvement of fluid properties that prevent sag.
Presence of closely spaced protein thiols on the surface of mammalian cells (2000)

It has been proposed that certain cell-surface proteins undergo redox reactions, that is, transfer of hydrogens and electrons between closely spaced cysteine thiols that can lead to reduction, formation, or interchange of disulfide bonds. This concept was tested using a membrane-impermeable trivalent arsenical to identify closely spaced thiols in cell-surface proteins. We attached the trivalent arsenical, phenylarsenoxide, to the thiol of reduced glutathione to produce 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsenoxide (GSAO). GSAO bound tightly to synthetic, peptide, and protein dithiols like thioredoxin, but not to monothiols. To identify cell-surface proteins that contain closely spaced thiols, we attached a biotin moiety through a spacer arm to the primary amino group of the gamma-glutamyl residue of GSAO (GSAO-B). Incorporation of GSAO-B into proteins was assessed by measuring the biotin using streptavidin-peroxidase. Up to 12 distinct proteins were labeled with GSAO-B on the surface of endothelial and fibrosarcoma cells. The pattern of labeled proteins differed between the different cell types. Protein disulfide isomerase was one of the proteins on the endothelial and fibrosarcoma cell surface that incorporated GSAO-B. These findings demonstrate that the cell-surface environment can support the existence of closely spaced protein thiols and suggest that at least some of these thiols are redox active.
Quantitative analysis of DNA demethylation and transcriptional reactivation of the FMR1 gene in fragile X cells treated with 5-azadeoxycytidine (2002)

In fragile X syndrome, hypermethylation of the expanded CGG repeat and of the upstream promoter leads to transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene. Absence of the FMR1 protein results in mental retardation. We previously proved that treatment with 5-azadeoxycytidine (5-azadC) of fragile X cell lines results in reactivation of the FMR1 gene. We now show that this treatment causes passive demethylation of the FMR1 gene promoter. We employed the bisulfite-sequencing technique to detect the methylation status of individual CpG sites in the entire promoter region, upstream of the CGG repeat. Lymphoblastoid cell lines of fragile X males with full mutations of different sizes were tested before and after treatment with 5-azadC at various time points. We observed that individual cells are either completely unmethylated or not, with few relevant exceptions. We also investigated the extent of methylation in the full mutation (CGG repeat) itself by Southern blot analysis after digestion with methylation-sensitive enzymes Fnu4HI and McrBC and found that the CGG repeat remains at least partially methylated in many cells with a demethylated promoter. This may explain the quantitative discrepancy between the large extent of promoter demethylation and the limited levels of FMR1 transcriptional reactivation estimated by quantitative real-time fluorescent RT-PCR analysis.
Spinal cord abnormalities in recently diagnosed MS patients (2004)

Spinal cord abnormalities are prevalent in patients with early-stage MS, have distinct morphologic characteristics, and help to determine dissemination in space at time of diagnosis.
An Umpoled Synthon Approach to the Synthesis of 2-Aryloxyphenols (1995)

A convenient three-step method for the preparation of 2-aryloxyphenols from phenols and 2-fluorobenzaldehyde is described. Condensation of phenols with 2-fluorobenzaldehyde produces the intermediate 2-aryloxybenzaldehydes in 83-95% yield. These products rapidly undergo meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) promoted Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to yield the corresponding 2-aryloxyphenyl formates which are hydrolyzed, without isolation, to give the desired 2-aryloxyphenols in 79-96% yield.
Blood-brain barrier transport of the alpha-keto acid analogs of amino acids. (1986)

A number of alpha-keto acid analogs of amino acids have been found to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Pyruvate, alpha-ketobutyrate, alpha-ketoisocaproate, and alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate all cross the BBB by a carrier-mediated process and by simple diffusion. Under normal physiological conditions, diffusion accounts for roughly 15% or less of total transport. Aromatic alpha-keto acids, phenylpyruvate, and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate do not penetrate the BBB, nor do they inhibit the transport of other alpha-keto acids. Evidence based primarily on inhibition studies indicates that the carrier-mediated transport of alpha-keto acids occurs via the same carrier demonstrated previously for propionate, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate transport, commonly referred to as the monocarboxylate carrier. As a group, the alpha-keto acid analogs of the amino acids have the highest affinity for the carrier, followed by propionate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Starvation for 4 days induces transport of alpha-keto acids, but transport is suppressed in rats fed commercial laboratory rations and subjected to portacaval shunts. The mitochondrial pyruvate translocator inhibitor alpha-cyanocinnamate has no effect on the BBB transport of alpha-keto acids.
Omnidirectional Image-based Rendering (2006)

The paper summarizes omnidirectional image-based ren- dering techniques giving a user a complete freedom of mo- tion in a virtual reality. Image-based representation pro- vides a photorealistic scene representation. We discuss two VR scenarios, the window into reality and the door of perception. We overview the complete process from the acquisition to the rendering focusing on the advantages of omnidirectional images for the user experience. We also dis- cuss the acquisition setups and practical issues such as the equipment used for real setups, presented for example at the CeBit 2005 fair.
IMGT, the International ImMunoGeneTics Information System ® , http://imgt.cines.fr (2003)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (http://imgt.cines.fr), is a high quality integrated knowledge resource specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) and major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) and related proteins of the immune system (RPI) of human and other vertebrates, created in 1989 by LIGM at the Université Montpellier II, CNRS, Montpellier, France. IMGT provides a common access to standardized data which include nucleotide and protein sequences, oligonucleotide primers, gene maps, genetic polymorphisms, specificities, and 2D and 3D structures. IMGT includes five databases (IMGT/LIGM-DB, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB, IMGT/MHC-DB, IMGT/PRIMER-DB, IMGT/GENE-DB) Web resources (‘IMGT Marie-Paule page’) and interactive tools (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis, IMGT/PhyloGene, IMGT/LocusView, IMGT/GeneView, IMGT/GeneSearch, IMGT/StructureQuery). IMGT data are expertly annotated according to the rules of the IMGT Scientific chart based on IMGT-ONTOLOGY. IMGT tools are particularly useful for the analysis of the IG and TR repertoires in physiological normal and pathological situations. IMGT has important applications in medical research (autoimmune diseases, AIDS, leukaemias, lymphomas, myelomas), biotechnology related to antibody engineering (phage displays, combinatorial libraries) and therapeutic approaches (graft, immunotherapy). IMGT is freely available at http://imgt.cines.fr.
FIRST IMAGES FROM THE CRIPT MUON TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM (2014)

The CRIPT Cosmic Ray Imaging and Passive Tomography system began data taking in September 2012. CRIPT is a “proof of principle” muon tomography system originally proposed to inspect cargo in shipping containers and to determine the presence of special nuclear materials. CRIPT uses 4 layers of 2 m x 2 m scintillation counter trackers, each layer measuring two coordinates. Two layers are used to track the incoming muon and two for the outgoing muon allowing the trajectories of the muon to be determined. The target volume is divided into voxels, and a Point of Closest Approach algorithm is used to determine the number of scattering events in each voxel, producing a 3D image. The system has been tested with various targets of depleted uranium, lead bricks, and tungsten rods. Data on the positional resolution has been taken and the intrinsic resolution is unfolded with the help of a simulation using GEANT4. The next steps include incorporation of data from the spectrometer section, which will assist in determining the muon's momentum and improve the determination of the density of the target.
Long-term and age-dependent restoration of visual function in a mouse model of CNGB3-associated achromatopsia following gene therapy (2011)

Mutations in the CNGB3 gene account for >50% of all known cases of achromatopsia. Although of early onset, its stationary character and the potential for rapid assessment of restoration of retinal function following therapy renders achromatopsia a very attractive candidate for gene therapy. Here we tested the efficacy of an rAAV2/8 vector containing a human cone arrestin promoter and a human CNGB3 cDNA in CNGB3 deficient mice. Following subretinal delivery of the vector, CNGB3 was detected in both M- and S-cones and resulted in increased levels of CNGA3, increased cone density and survival, improved cone outer segment structure and normal subcellular compartmentalization of cone opsins. Therapy also resulted in long-term improvement of retinal function, with restoration of cone ERG amplitudes of up to 90% of wild-type and a significant improvement in visual acuity. Remarkably, successful restoration of cone function was observed even when treatment was initiated at 6 months of age; however, restoration of normal visual acuity was only possible in younger animals (e.g. 2-4 weeks old). This study represents achievement of the most substantial restoration of visual function reported to date in an animal model of achromatopsia using a human gene construct, which has the potential to be utilized in clinical trials.
Kallikreins as microRNA targets: anin silicoand experimental-based analysis (2008)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that target specific mRNAs. They have been shown to control many biological processes including cancer pathogenesis. Kallikreins (KLKs) are a family of serine proteases that are attracting interest as cancer biomarkers. The mechanism of regulation of kallikrein expression is largely unknown. We investigated the potential roles of miRNAs in regulating KLK expression. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified 96 strong KLK/miRNA interactions. KLK10 is the most frequently targeted kallikrein, followed by KLK5 and KLK13. KLK1, KLK3, KLK8 and KLK12 do not have strongly predicted miRNA/KLK interactions. Ten miRNAs are predicted to target more than one KLK. KLK2, KLK4, KLK5 and KLK10 have multiple miRNA-targeting sites on their transcript. Chromosomes 19 and 14 harbor significantly more KLK-targeting miRNAs. Many KLK-targeting miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in malignancy. We experimentally verified our bioinformatics data for the let-7f miRNA in a cell line model. let-7f transfection led to a significant decrease in secreted KLK6 and KLK10 protein levels. Co-transfection of let-7f and anti-let-7f inhibitor was able to partially rescue these protein levels. We conclude that miRNAs play a role in the regulation of KLK expression. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this regulation is altered in cancer.
Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus (1994)

Some important biological and physico-chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. These include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum-derived antibodies in piglets from sero-positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. The results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to pH 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circovirus and chicken anaemia virus.
Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor (2005)

The spike protein (S) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) attaches the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on S mediates this interaction. The crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution of the RBD bound with the peptidase domain of human ACE2 shows that the RBD presents a gently concave surface, which cradles the N-terminal lobe of the peptidase. The atomic details at the interface between the two proteins clarify the importance of residue changes that facilitate efficient cross-species infection and human-to-human transmission. The structure of the RBD suggests ways to make truncated disulfide-stabilized RBD variants for use in the design of coronavirus vaccines.
Cloning and Expression of IDDM-Specific Human Autoantigens (1992)

A DNA cloning approach was taken to identify islet cell protein antigens that are recognized specifically by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) sera. A human islet cDNA library was generated and screened with diabetic sera. In this article, identification of two clones is described. Proteins expressed by these lambda phages appeared to react specifically with newly diagnosed diabetic sera. Islet cell antibody 12 (ICA12) was tested by Western blotting. ICA512 was not reactive with sera in the Western format but was specifically immunoprecipitated by diabetic sera from an Escherichia coli extract.