gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of Fenfluramine-Induced Anorexia and Reduced c-fos Induction in the Hypothalamus and Central Amygdaloid Complex of Serotonin 1B Receptor Knock-Out Mice (1998)

Fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser and uptake inhibitor, has been widely prescribed as an appetite suppressant. Despite its popular clinical use, however, the precise neural pathways and specific 5-HT receptors that account for its anorectic effect have yet to be elucidated. To test the hypothesis that stimulation of 5-HT1B receptors is required for the anorectic effect of fenfluramine, we assessed food intake in wild-type and 5-HT1B knock-out mice. Next, to determine possible brain structures and pathways that may contribute to the 5-HT1B-mediated effects of fenfluramine, we studied by immunohistochemistry the induction of the immediate early gene c-fos. Although the effect of fenfluramine on locomotion was indistinguishable between both wild-type and 5-HT1B knock-out mice, the anorectic effect of the drug was absent in only the knock-out mice. Furthermore, the induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of wild-type mice was substantially reduced in the knock-outs. Induction in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), although robust in wild-type animals, was completely absent in knock-out animals. The mixed 5-HT1A/1B agonist RU24969 was able to mimic both the hypophagia and c-fos induction elicited by fenfluramine in wild-type mice, but not in the 5-HT1B knock-out mice. Our results thus demonstrate that stimulation of 5-HT1B receptors is required for fenfluramine-induced anorexia and suggest a role for the PVN, CeA, and BNST in mediating this effect.
Pharmacological Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease With Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (2002)

A single intracoronary infusion of rFGF2 does not improve exercise tolerance or myocardial perfusion but does show trends toward symptomatic improvement at 90 (but not 180) days.
Uniform near-field, symmetric-mode surface emission from complex-coupled 2nd-order distributed-feedback lasers (2002)

Theoretical analysis of complex-coupled, surface-emitting distributed feedback (CC-SE-DFB) diode lasers with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) is presented. These devices are shown to produce symmetric-mode (single-lobe) surface emission with high efficiency (34%) and uniform near-field.
Rapamycin and FK506 binding proteins (immunophilins) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapamycin and FK506 binding proteins (immunophilins)Heinz Fretz, Mark W. Albers, Andrzej Galat, Robert F. Standaert, William S. Lane, Steven J. Burakoff, Barbara E. Bierer, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1409–1411Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views668Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Visualization of Fibrous Cap Thickness and Rupture in Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque In Vivo With High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2000)

These findings indicate that high-resolution MRI with a 3-dimensional multiple overlapping thin slab angiography protocol is capable of distinguishing intact, thick fibrous caps from intact thin and disrupted caps in atherosclerotic human carotid arteries in vivo. This noninvasive technique has the potential to permit studies that examine the relationship between fibrous cap changes and clinical outcome and to permit trials that evaluate therapy intended to "stabilize" the fibrous cap.
DNA sequence of the constant gene region of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa chain (1981)

The constant (C; ref. 3) gene segment of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain and about 1 kb upstream as well as downstream of the segment have been sequenced. The sequences of the C gene segment itself and parts of the upstream region were determined both in liver and in myeloma T DNA clones derived from the same mouse inbred strain. The sequences were identical, i.e. no somatic mutations were detected. Two sites in the region not coding for protein are discussed as possible targets of aberrant variable (V) gene translocations. Doublet frequencies were calculated in the approx. 2500 bp of the C region sequence reported in this paper and in the approx. 3400 bp of two rearranged V gene regions.
Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human alpha 2-macroglobulin and assignment of the chromosomal locus. (1985)

Six alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) cDNA clones were isolated from a human liver cDNA library by using synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. One of these, p alpha 2M1, carries a 4.6 kilobase-pair insert, which was sequenced. The insert contains the coding sequences for the mature alpha 2M polypeptide (1451 amino acids) and for a 23-amino acid signal peptide at the NH2 terminus of the precursor pro-alpha 2M. At the 3' end of the insert a poly(A) addition signal A-A-T-A-A-A and part of the poly(A) tail of the messenger RNA were found. The protein sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence agrees with the published alpha 2M amino acid sequence for all except three residues. The alpha 2M locus was assigned to human chromosome 12 by Southern blot analysis with DNA from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrids, using alpha 2M cDNA as a hybridization probe.
Quaternary Iodide K(Ca,Sr)I3:Eu2+ Single‐Crystal Scintillators for Radiation Detection: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Optical and Scintillation Properties (2016)

A mixed crystal strategy is reported as an effective approach to improving the performances of inorganic scintillators for radiation detection applications. The aim of this work is to optimize ternary iodide KCaI 3 :Eu 2+ single crystals via partial Sr 2+ substitution, and to provide physical insights and a strategy of designing promising halide scintillators. The ∅22 mm × 50 mm long K(Ca,Sr)I 3 :Eu 2+ single crystals are grown by the Bridgman method. Crystal structure refinements verify the phase purity and the orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Cmcm (No. 63) in the solid solutions. An energy resolution of 2.5 ± 0.1% at 662 keV and a light yield of 74 000 ± 4000 photons per MeV can be achieved for a 4 mm cube KCa 0.835 Sr 0.165 I 3 :Eu 2+ . It is for the first time that a halide solid solution is synthesized with a competitive scintillating performance as current state‐of‐the‐art scintillators, such as SrI 2 :Eu 2+ and LaBr 3 :Ce 3+ . A combination of first‐principles calculations and optical characterization experiments is employed to construct the host material band edges and the relative positions of 5 d and 4 f energy levels of the Eu 2+ activation center. The origins of the improvement of light yield and scintillation response nonproportionality are proposed from experimental and theoretical insights.
PREPARATION OF LIPID EXTRACTS FROM TISSUES (1993)

A. Introduction B. Storage of Tissues and Preliminary Treatments prior to Extraction C. Extraction of Tissues with Solvents D. Removal of Non-Lipid Contaminants from Extracts E. Artefacts of Extraction Procedures F. Practical Extraction Procedures 1. Some general comments 2. The Folch procedure 3. The Bligh and Dyer method 4. Extraction of plant tissues G. Some Special Cases 1. Acyl-coenzyme A esters 2. Lysophospholipids and polyphosphoinositides 3. Gangliosides References
A Biologically Inspired Spiking Neural Network for Sound Source Lateralization (2007)

In this paper, a binaural sound source lateralization spiking neural network (NN) will be presented which is inspired by most recent neurophysiological studies on the role of certain nuclei in the superior olivary complex (SOC) and the inferior colliculus (IC). The binaural sound source lateralization neural network (BiSoLaNN) is a spiking NN based on neural mechanisms, utilizing complex neural models, and attempting to simulate certain parts of nuclei of the auditory system in detail. The BiSoLaNN utilizes both excitatory and inhibitory ipsilateral and contralateral influences arrayed in only one delay line originating in the contralateral side to achieve a sharp azimuthal localization. It will be shown that the proposed model can be used both for purposes of understanding the mechanisms of an NN of the auditory system and for sound source lateralization tasks in technical applications, e.g., its use with the Darmstadt robotic head (DRH).
A pragmatic approach to multi-user spatial multiplexing (2003)

We suggest a new approach for spatial multiplexing in a narrowband system with several access points serving a number of mobile terminals. In contrast to previously suggested algorithms, this approach is formulated based on a systems perspective, generalizing earlier algorithms for jointly optimal beamforming and power control. Since global channel knowledge is required, the algorithm is mainly intended for system simulations where it provides a benchmark for the performance of any spatial multiplexing scheme with equal rate on the spatial channels.
Functional Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells with a Prostate-Cancer-Specific Microfluidic Device (2012)

Cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths owing to poor response to anticancer therapies. Molecular understanding of metastasis-associated drug resistance remains elusive due to the scarcity of available tumor tissue. Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the peripheral blood of patients has emerged as a valid alternative source of tumor tissue that can be subjected to molecular characterization. However, issues with low purity and sensitivity have impeded adoption to clinical practice. Here we report a novel method to capture and molecularly characterize CTCs isolated from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients (CRPC) receiving taxane chemotherapy. We have developed a geometrically enhanced differential immunocapture (GEDI) microfluidic device that combines an anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody with a 3D geometry that captures CTCs while minimizing nonspecific leukocyte adhesion. Enumeration of GEDI-captured CTCs (defined as intact, nucleated PSMA+/CD45- cells) revealed a median of 54 cells per ml identified in CRPC patients versus 3 in healthy donors. Direct comparison with the commercially available CellSearch® revealed a 2-400 fold higher sensitivity achieved with the GEDI device. Confocal microscopy of patient-derived GEDI-captured CTCs identified the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion protein, while sequencing identified specific androgen receptor point mutation (T868A) in blood samples spiked with only 50 PC C4-2 cells. On-chip treatment of patient-derived CTCs with docetaxel and paclitaxel allowed monitoring of drug-target engagement by means of microtubule bundling. CTCs isolated from docetaxel-resistant CRPC patients did not show any evidence of drug activity. These measurements constitute the first functional assays of drug-target engagement in living circulating tumor cells and therefore have the potential to enable longitudinal monitoring of target response and inform the development of new anticancer agents.
Molecular Body Imaging: MR Imaging, CT, and US. Part II. Applications (2012)

Molecular imaging is expected to have a major impact on the early diagnosis of diseases and disease monitoring in the next decade. Traditionally, nuclear imaging techniques have been the mainstay of molecular imaging in the clinical arena. However, with continued development of molecularly targeted contrast agents for nonnuclear imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US), the spectrum of clinical molecular imaging applications is expanding. In the second part of this review series, an overview of applications of molecular MR imaging-, CT-, and US-based imaging strategies that show promise for clinical translation is presented, and key challenges that need to be addressed to successfully translate these promising techniques in the future are discussed. © RSNA, 2012.
Gadodiamide-Associated Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Why Radiologists Should Be Concerned (2007)

Development of NSF was strongly associated with gadodiamide administration in the setting of either acute hepatorenal syndrome or dialysis-dependent chronic renal insufficiency.
What Makes Motion Meaningful? Affective Properties of Abstract Motion (2010)

Motion provides a rich modality for communicating emotion and creating affect, and developing techniques for analyzing, manipulating and enhancing animations in video and computer graphics is an active research area. However, we have little empirical evidence of how particular attributes of motion elicit particular impressions. In this paper we describe a study of how perceptual attributes of abstract motion contribute to affective interpretation. Our results show that even small simple motions can reliably evoke certain impressions given particular motion attributes. These results contribute to our understanding of computational aesthetics and have implications for the design of media experiences, visualization, interactive art and immersive environments. They also provide insight into what properties of motion might prove most evocative in video and animation textures.
Human Serum Albumin Adsorption on TiO2 from Single Protein Solutions and from Plasma (2004)

In the present work, the adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) on commercially pure titanium with a titanium oxide layer formed in a H(2)O(2) solution (TiO(2) cp) and on TiO(2) sputtered on Si (TiO(2) sp) was analyzed. Adsorption isotherms, kinetic studies, and work of adhesion determinations were carried out. HSA exchangeability was also evaluated. Surface characterization was performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wettability studies. The two TiO(2) surfaces have very distinct roughnesses, the TiO(2) sp having a mean R(a) value 14 times smaller than the one of TiO(2) cp. XPS analysis revealed consistent peaks representative of TiO(2) on sputtered samples as well as on Ti cp substrate after 48 h of H(2)O(2) immersion. Nitrogen was observed as soon as protein was present, while sulfur, present in disulfide bonds in HSA, was observed for concentrations of protein higher than 0.30 mg/mL. The work of adhesion was determined from contact angle measurements. As expected from the surface free energy values, the work of adhesion of HSA solution is higher for the TiO(2) cp substrate, the more hydrophilic one, and lower for the TiO(2) sp substrate, the more hydrophobic one. The work of adhesion between plasma and the substrates assumed even higher values for the TiO(2) cp surface, indicating a greater interaction between the surface and the complex protein solutions. Adsorption studies by radiolabeling of albumin ((125)I-HSA) suggest that rapid HSA adsorption takes place on both surfaces, reaching a maximum value after approximately 60 min of incubation. For the higher HSA concentrations in solution, a multilayer coverage was observed on both substrates. After the adsorption step from single HSA solutions, the exchangeability of adsorbed HSA molecules by HSA in solution was evaluated. The HSA molecules adsorbed on TiO(2) sp seem to be more easily exchanged by HSA itself than those adsorbed on TiO(2) cp after 24 h. In contrast, after 72 h, nearly all the adsorbed albumin molecules effectively exchange with other albumin molecules.
Hydrogen Peroxide Activates p70S6k Signaling Pathway (1999)

We investigated a possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in p70(S6k) activation, which plays an important role in the progression of cells from G(0)/G(1) to S phase of the cell cycle by translational up-regulation of a family of mRNA transcripts that encode for components of the protein synthetic machinery. Treatment of mouse epidermal cell JB6 with H(2)O(2) generated extracellularly by glucose/glucose oxidase led to the activation of p70(S6k) and p90(Rsk) and to phosphorylation of p42(MAPK)/p44(MAPK). The activation of p70(S6k) and p90(Rsk) was dose-dependent and transient, maximal activities being in extracts treated for 15 and 30 min, respectively. Further characterization of ROS-induced activation of p70(S6k) using specific inhibitors for p70(S6k) signaling pathway, rapamycin, and wortmannin revealed that ROS acted upstream of the rapamycin-sensitive component FRAP/RAFT and wortmannin-sensitive component phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, because both inhibitors caused the inhibition of ROS-induced p70(S6k) activity. In addition, Ca(2+) chelation also inhibited ROS-induced activation of p70(S6k), indicating that Ca(2+) is a mediator of p70(S6k) activation by ROS. However, down-regulation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive protein kinase C (PKC) by chronic pretreatment with TPA or a specific PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 did not block the activation of p70(S6k) by ROS, indicating that the activation of TPA-responsive PKC was not required for stimulation of p70(S6k) activity by H(2)O(2) in JB6 cells. Exposure of JB6 cells to platelet-derived growth factor or epidermal growth factor led to a rapid increase in H(2)O(2), phosphorylation, and activation of p70(S6k), which were antagonized by the pretreatment of catalase. Taken together, the results suggest that ROS act as a messenger in growth factor-induced p70(S6k) signaling pathway.
Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia (2001)

An international group of clinical and basic scientists participated in the Frontotemporal Dementia and Pick's Disease Criteria Conference at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md, on July 7, 2000, to reassess clinical and neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Previous criteria for FTD have primarily been designed for research purposes. The goal of this meeting was to propose guidelines that would enable clinicians (particularly neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychologists) to recognize patients with FTD and, if appropriate, to expedite their referral to a diagnostic center. In addition, recommendations for the neuropathological criteria of FTD were reviewed, relative to classical neuropathology and modern molecular biology.
Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through hole arrays in Cr films (1999)

The optical transmission of metal films, perforated with a periodic array of apertures, is enhanced by a resonant interaction of the incident light with surface plasmons on the metal surfaces: The maximum transmission can exceed unity when normalized to the area of the holes. Here we report a systematic study of the zero-order transmission spectra and the absolute transmission efficiency as a function of the geometry of hole arrays fabricated in chromium films. The energy-integrated transmission, normalized to the area of the holes, is independent of the hole diameter, but is found to be proportional to the number of surface features per unit area, even for very small arrays.
Characterization of chemisorbed monolayers by surface potential measurements (1991)

Chemisorption has been used to immobilize uniform, low-defect density monolayers of aminopropylsilane and of d-biotin on evaporated gold substrates. The quality of the monolayers has been confirmed by surface potential measurements and by copper decoration. Avidin has been immobilized to these monolayers by (i) crosslinking to the aminopropylsilane with glutaraldehyde and (ii) binding directly to the biotin ligand. The changes in surface potential observed during each immobilization step are shown to be related directly to the molecular structure of each chemisorbed layer. Significantly, when the avidin is immobilized on the biotin monolayer the tetrameric protein is orientated with one pair of biotin binding sites on the upper surface of the protein monolayer. This allows the bifunctional ligand, bisbiotin, to be bound to the protein giving the possibility of attaching further protein layers to form molecular organizates suitable for molecular electronic and molecular sensing applications.
Rate-distortion Optimization for MP3 Audio Coding with Complete Decoder Compatibility (2005)

This paper addresses the issue of truly optimizing the rate-distortion (RD) performance for MPEG-1/2 Layer III (MP3) audio coding by presenting a fixed-slope graph-based iterative algorithm to jointly design quantization, Huffman code-book (HCB) selection and region division. Given quantization step sizes and HCB selection, quantization outputs and HCB region division are first adapted to minimize the Lagrangian RD cost function throughout a standard-constrained graph structure. Then quantization step sizes and HCB selection are optimized serially to reduce the RD cost based on given quantization outputs and region division. These three steps are further alternated until convergence occurs. The proposed algorithm has been implemented based on ISO reference codec and LAME 3.96.1 with complete decoder compatibility. Simulation results show that the new MP3 coders resulting from the proposed algorithm indeed improve the RD performance substantially except for extremely low bit rates in both cases
Calpastatin (the Endogenous Calpain Inhibitor) and Membrane Protein Degradation in Cell Fusion (2003)

Cell membrane fusion is a ubiquitous cellular process, mediating such phenomena as fertilization, muscle development, certain viral infections, and giant cell formation from macrophages. For membrane fusion to occur, the cell membranes must attach to each other, usually by means of interactions between membrane receptors. Increased cellular Ca2+ is required for the various fusion events, and changes occur in the cell membrane and cytoskeleton. Fusion of membranes occurs between the two phospholipid bilayers in regions that are poor in proteins (fusion-potent domains). It has been proposed that membrane protein degradation contributes to the disorganization of cell membrane and cytoskeleton in preparation for the fusion of the cell membranes (1–3).
Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapy Strategies: Providing Options for the Cancer Patient (2002)

Treatment of patients with unconjugated MAb such as rituximab (Rituxan) the anti-CD20 MAb or trastuzumab (Herceptin) the anti-Her2 MAb, have shown efficacy in clinical trials and have gained approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a result. Likewise, an anti-CD33 MAb conjugated with the antibiotic calicheamicin (Mylotarg) has proven efficacious in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and has also been approved by the FDA. This overview presents some of the monoclonal antibody (MAb)-guided strategies with a focus on some of the experiences reported for MAb evaluated in clinical trials.