gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus flavus : the major producer of aflatoxin (2007)

http://www.aspergillusflavus.org, http://www.aflatoxin.info/health.asp, plantpathology.tamu.edu/aflatoxin, http://www.aspergillus.org.uk.
An ICP6::lacZ insertional mutagen is used to demonstrate that the UL52 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 is required for virus growth and DNA synthesis (1988)

An insertional mutagen was developed which consists of the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli under the control of the regulatory elements of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (ICP6). This ICP6::lacZ cassette was used to create a mutation in a gene designated UL52 (D. J. McGeoch, M. A. Dalrymple, A. Dolan, D. McNab, L. J. Perry, P. Taylor, and M. D. Challberg, J. Virol. 62:444-453, 1988), which is predicted to encode a 114,000-molecular-weight protein. To isolate and propagate this mutant, we generated a cell line, BL-1, by cotransfection of Vero cells with pSV2neo and a plasmid containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 KOS strain BamHI L fragment (coordinates 0.708 to 0.745). An ICP6::lacZ insertion mutant, hr114, was capable of growing in BL-1 cells but not in normal Vero cells. In addition, hr114 was defective in the synthesis of viral DNA and late proteins; however, this mutant appeared to exhibit normal early gene expression. Thus, the results presented in this report show that the UL52 gene product is required for viral DNA synthesis. Furthermore, our studies indicate that the ICP6::lacZ cassette will provide a useful tool for obtaining mutants of other herpes simplex virus genes.
Glucose, Insulin and C-peptide Kinetics during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease (1987)

To elucidate the mechanism of glucose intolerance in patients with chronic liver disease(CLD), we measured the levels of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance test and urinary excretion of C-peptide per 24 hours during a weight maintenance diet in 20 patients with CLD who had fasting plasma glucose(FBS) of less than 100 mg/dl.
Physical properties of speckles (1978)

Speckles are no longer regarded merely as a noise element, but as a carrier of information to be used in different applications. This offers a powerful and simple tool for studying surface roughness, for measuring displacement and strain, and for deformation and vibration analysis.
Highly Efficient Transfection into Primary Cultured Mouse Hepatocytes by Use of Cation-Liposomes: An Application for Immunization (1994)

Transfection methods for primary cultured mouse hepatocytes were examined. Of four conventional transfection methods examined, involving use of DEAE-dextran, calcium phosphate, cation-liposomes (lipofection), and cation-multilamellar liposomes, only cation-liposomes induced highly efficient transfection into primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. The highest transfection rate reached more than 60% of the total cells. Three other commonly used cell types (CHO-K1, COS-1, 3T3-L1) were also tested as target cells, but highly efficient transfection was observed specifically in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. The transfection remained at a high level from 6 to 48 h after the start of incubation with the cation-liposome-DNA complex in the absence of serum, and the transfection rate decreased in inverse relation to the increase in cell density. The transfection was inhibited by free low density lipoprotein (LDL), EDTA, and an endocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin B. These data suggest that the transfection is mediated not only by membrane fusion, as is generally accepted, but also by endocytosis. This information should be useful for research in hepatocyte biology and the development of gene therapy. As one of the applications, simple and successful immunization was achieved by administration of hepatocytes transfected with murine adhesion molecule, integrin VLA beta 1 subunit, genes into a Syrian hamster.
Nucleotide excision repair of melphalan monoadducts. (1998)

The nucleotide-excision repair (NER) system removes bulky DNA adducts and is thought to be involved in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, which act by damaging DNA. In this study, we have investigated the ability of the NER system to recognize and excise melphalan monoadducts from a 140-mer DNA substrate. We show that rodent and human cell-free extracts (CFEs) excise 26-29-nt-long oligomers from a synthetic 140-mer containing centrally located melphalan adducts. CFEs from cell lines with mutations in xeroderma pigmentosum group F or G genes did not excise these alkylated oligomers; however, mixing the two CFEs restored excision activity to the level found with wild-type CFEs. These results demonstrate the ability of the NER system to excise melphalan monoadducts, and are consistent with the hypothesis that NER may be involved in resistance to melphalan chemotherapy.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma: overview of the descriptive epidemiology (2007)

The 2001 World Health Organization classification scheme considers B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in an aggregate category (CLL/SLL) because of shared clinicopathological features. We have estimated age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) of CLL and SLL in the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program in the United States to analyse patterns of CLL and SLL separately and jointly. Age-standardized to the 2000 US population, overall IRs were 3.83 per 100 000 person-years for CLL (n = 15 676) and 1.31 for SLL (n = 5382) during 1993-2004. Incidence of the combined entity, CLL/SLL, was 90% higher among males compared to females, and the male:female IR ratio was significantly higher for CLL (1.98) than for SLL (1.67). CLL/SLL IRs were 25% and 77% lower among Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders, respectively, compared to Whites. A significant reporting delay was evident for CLL but not for SLL, so that CLL/SLL temporal trends must be interpreted cautiously. CLL and SLL IRs increased exponentially with age among all gender/race groups, with CLL IRs increasing more steeply with advancing age than SLL. Avenues of future research include assessment of delayed- and under-reporting to cancer registries and exploration of race, gender, and age effects in epidemiological studies.
A Protein Kinase Inhibitor Gene Reduces Both Basal and Multihormone-stimulated Prolactin Gene Transcription (1989)

The possible role of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mediating the regulation of prolactin gene transcription has been investigated through the use of a synthetic gene encoding the heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. To assess the effects of protein kinase inhibitor expression on cAMP induction of prolactin gene transcription, a marker gene containing the rat prolactin promoter and adjacent 5'-flanking sequences linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was cotransfected with a protein kinase inhibitor-expression vector. The results demonstrate that the protein kinase inhibitor-expression vector reduced both basal and cAMP-stimulated expression of the cotransfected prolactin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A mutant protein kinase inhibitor-expression vector, coding for an inactive inhibitor protein, did not inhibit basal or cAMP-stimulated prolactin gene transcription. Furthermore, the protein kinase inhibitor-expression vector did not inhibit zinc induction of the metallothionein promoter. Analysis of protein kinase activity in transfected cells demonstrated that the protein kinase inhibitor expression vector reduced cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity but did not reduce protein kinase C activity. Nuclease protection experiments confirmed that the effects of the inhibitor vector involved changes in correctly initiated transcripts produced from the prolactin promoter. Surprisingly, the protein kinase inhibitor-expression vector reduced the effects of several different agents including epidermal growth factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, phorbol esters, and estrogen on prolactin gene expression to the same extent as it altered cAMP effects.
Pore-Size Distributions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Varying in Initial Monomer Concentration and Cross-Linker/Monomer Ratio (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPore-Size Distributions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Varying in Initial Monomer Concentration and Cross-Linker/Monomer RatioMichael Kremer, Elmar Pothmann, Tobias Roessler, John Baker, April Yee, Harvey Blanch, and John M. PrausnitzCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 11, 2965–2973Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00089a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00089a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1012Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biofilm maturity studies indicate sharp debridement opens a time-dependent therapeutic window (2010)

These data suggest the principles of biofilm-based wound care, along with the use of serial debridement to continually remove mature biofilm, followed by biofilm wound management strategies, including topical antibiotics while the bioburden is still immature and more susceptible, are valid.
Sustained activation of the HER1–ERK1/2–RSK signaling pathway controls myoepithelial cell fate in human mammary tissue (2011)

Human mammary glands arise from multipotent progenitor cells, which likely respond both to cell-autonomous and to extrinsic cues. However, the identity of these cues and how they might act remain unclear. We analyzed HER1 ligand effects on mammary morphogenesis using a three-dimensional organoid model generated from human breast tissue that recapitulates both qualitatively and quantitatively the normal ductal network in situ. Strikingly, different HER1 ligands generate distinct patterns of cell fate. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes a massive expansion of the myoepithelial lineage. Amphiregulin, in contrast, enables normal ductal development. These differences cannot be ascribed to preferential apoptosis or proliferation of differentiated cell populations, but are dependent on HER1 signal intensity. Inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) effector RSK prevents the EGF-induced myoepithelial expansion. Notably, mouse mammary organoids are much less responsive to HER1 ligands. Little is known about the myoepithelial lineage or about growth factor effects on mammary progenitor differentiation, and our studies provide an important window into human mammary development that reveals unexpected differences from the mouse model.
Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self‐assembly process, 1 consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles on charged surfaces (1991)

Abstract An anionic and a cationic bipolar amphiphile containing rigid biphenyl cores were synthesized. The compounds were dissolved in a mixture of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and water and pure water, respectively. When a solid substrate with a positively charged planar surface is immersed in the solution containing the negatively charged bipolar amphiphile, a monolayer of the amphiphile is adsorbed and due to its bipolar structure the surface charge is reversed. After rinsing in pure water the substrate is immersed in the solution containing the positively charged bipolar amphiphile. Again a monolayer is adsorbed but now the original surface charge is restored. By repeating both steps in a cyclic fashion alternating multilayer assemblies of both compounds are obtained. It is demonstrated that multilayer films, composed of at least 35 consecutively alternating layers, which corresponds to a total film thickness of 170 nm can be assembled.
Nano-Silicon-Photonic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer-on-a-Chip (2015)

This paper reports a nano-silicon-photonic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer-on-a-chip, which is integrated with fiber-waveguide coupler and photo detector on a single silicon chip. Spectrometer based on Fourier transform, for the first time, has been miniaturized into a waveguide based silicon photonic chip. Our breakthrough research on on-chip spectrometer using nano-silicon-photonic fabrication processes to eliminate moving parts and confine light in nano-waveguides, which can effectively reduce the spectrometer chip size (1 cm × 1 cm) and lower the power consumption (&lt; 10 mW), while maintaining high resolution (&lt; 10 cm-1). It has high potential applications in biomedical and physical spectroscopy field.
PYOCYANINE, AN ACCESSORY RESPIRATORY ENZYME (1931)

Pyocyanine, the blue pigment of B. pyocyaneus, can increase the respiration of living cells to a great degree (maximum observed increase 24-fold). The reversibility of its oxidation and reduction is responsible for this. The effect is non-species-specific and has been observed in varying degrees with B. pyocyaneus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococcus Type III, and the red blood corpuscles of rabbits. The effect of pyocyanine is dependent on the presence of another respiratory ferment sensitive to potassium cyanide and carbon monoxide. The increase of respiration induced by pyocyanine is paralleled by an increase in the respiratory quotient. The pyocyanine catalysis is not indiscriminately effective in all oxidations, but only in the oxidation of certain substances closely associated with the bacterial body.
New Methods of Evaluation for Cockroach Repellents and Repellency of Essential Oils against German Cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i> L.) (1982)

チャバネゴキブリに対する嗅覚的忌避性を評価しうる新しい方法として, 試験管法とビーカー法の2法を考案した. 試験管法は, チャバネゴキブリの排泄物の付着した汚染濾紙を誘引源に利用し, 試験管中で供試化合物を処理したペーパーディスクに対するゴキブリの忌避反応の有無により検定する方法である. ビーカー法は供試化合物を含む試料を処理し, ビーカー中のゴキブリ数の変動により, 空間的な侵入防止効果および追い出し効果の有無を検定する方法である. これらの方法を用いて, 公知のゴキブリ忌避物質および天然精油の嗅覚的忌避性について検討した.α-naphthoquinone, 2, 3, 4, 5-bis (Δ2-butenylene) tetrahydrofurfral, 2-hydroxyethyl-n-octylsulfide および naphthalene の公知の忌避物質は, 試験管法では, 低濃度で忌避効果を示したが, ビーカー法では2-hydroxyethyl-n-octylsulfide が弱い忌避効果を示したのみで, 他の化合物には有効な忌避性が認められなかった.一方, 天然精油では, Japanese mint oil および spearmint oil (native type と Scotch type) が顕著な嗅覚的忌避効果を示した. また, 蚊に対し強い忌避性を有すると報告されている citronella oil などの天然精油には強いゴキブリ忌避性が認められなかった. calamus oil など数種の天然精油に性別による忌避性の差異が認められた.
Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents (2006)

The application of inorganic chemistry to medicine is a rapidly developing field, and novel therapeutic and diagnostic metal complexes are now having an impact on medical practice. Advances in biocoordination chemistry are crucial for improving the design of compounds to reduce toxic side effects and understand their mechanisms of action. Cisplatin, as one of the leading metal-based drugs, is widely used in the treatment of cancer. Significant side effects and drug resistance, however, have limited its clinical applications. Biological carriers conjugated to cisplatin analogs have improved specificity for tumor tissue, thereby reducing side effects and drug resistance. Platinum complexes with distinctively different DNA binding modes from that of cisplatin also exhibit promising pharmacological properties. This review focuses on recent advances in developing platinum anticancer agents with an emphasis on platinum coordination complexes.
Apoptotic cell instillation after bleomycin attenuates lung injury through hepatocyte growth factor induction (2012)

Apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages and neighbouring tissue cells induces hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion. HGF plays a key role in alveolar epithelial regeneration and reconstruction after lung injury. Direct in vivo exposure to apoptotic cells enhances HGF production, resulting in attenuation of pulmonary injury. We investigated the direct effect of in vivo exposure to apoptotic cells in bleomycin-stimulated lungs (2 days old) on HGF induction. Furthermore, sequential changes of bleomycin-induced HGF production following apoptotic cell instillation related to the changes in inflammatory and fibrotic responses were assessed. At 2 h after apoptotic cell instillation into bleomycin-stimulated lungs, the levels of HGF mRNA and protein production, and apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages were enhanced. Furthermore, HGF induction persistently increased following apoptotic cell instillation up to 21 days after bleomycin treatment. Apoptotic cell instillation attenuated bleomycin-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production, inflammatory cell recruitment and total protein levels. Apoptotic cell instillation also induced antiapoptotic and antifibrotic effects. These anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects could be reversed by co-administration of HGF-neutralising antibody. These findings indicate that in vivo exposure to apoptotic cells enhances transcriptional HGF production in bleomycin-stimulated lungs, resulting in attenuation of lung injury and fibrosis.
Continuous cell washing and mixing driven by an ultrasound standing wave within a microfluidic channel (2004)

Ultrasound standing wave radiation force and laminar flow have been used to transfer yeast cells from one liquid medium to another (washing) by a continuous field-flow fractionation (FFF) approach. Two co-flowing streams, a cell-free suspending phase (flow rate > 50% of the total flow-through volume) and a yeast suspension, were introduced parallel to the nodal plane of a 3 MHz standing wave resonator. The resonator was fabricated to have a single pressure nodal plane at the centre line of the chamber. Laminar flow ensured a stable interface was maintained as the two suspending phases flowed through the sound field. Initiation of the ultrasound transferred cells to the cell-free phase within 0.5 s. This particle transfer procedure circumvents the pellet formation and re-suspension steps of centrifuge based washing procedures. In addition, fluid mixing was demonstrated in the same chamber at higher sound pressures. The channel operates under negligible back-pressure (cross-section, 0.25 [times] 10 mm) and with only one flow convergence and one flow division step, the channel cannot be easily blocked. The force acting on the cells is small; less than that experienced in a centrifuge generating 100g. The acoustically-driven cell transfer and mixing procedures described may be particularly appropriate for the increasingly complex operations required in molecular biology and microbiology and especially for their conversion to continuous flow processes.
Application of an Improved HPLC Perhexiline Assay to Human Plasma Specimens (1992)

Abstract The analysis of perhexiline in plasma offers an important contribution to the management of patients prescribed such therapy for refractory angina pectoris. Perhexiline has properties and complexities of non-linear kinetics and is subject to genetically predetermined metabolic variants in hydroxylation. The present communication describes a refinement of a previous high performance liquid chromatographic fluorescence method and the application of this method in the therapeutic monitoring of 100 patients at steady-state. The method described is sensitive, accurate and precise, with intra-assay CV's of 2. 1%, 1.4% and 3.7% at concentrations of 150, 750 and 1500 μg/L, and between-assav CV's of 5.7%, 4.7% and 5.8% at 50, 1000 and 3000 μg/L, respectively. The review of patient specimens received in our therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory, suggested that approximately 6% appear to belong to the "poor-hydroxvlation" metabolic sub-population, with a further 16% attaining steady-state plasma perhexiline concentrations above the "therapeutic range" of 150 to 600 μg/L following standard dosage schedules of 100 to 200 mg/day.
.alpha. Deprotonation of .beta.-lactones - an example of a forbidden .beta. elimination (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha. Deprotonation of .beta.-lactones - an example of a forbidden .beta. eliminationJohann Mulzer and Thomas KerkmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 10, 3620–3622Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00530a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00530a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEF-1, a Novel Src SH3 Binding Protein That Promotes Adipogenesis in Fibroblastic Cell Lines (1999)

The Src homology 3 (SH3) motif is found in numerous signal transduction proteins involved in cellular growth and differentiation. We have purified and cloned a novel protein, DEF-1 (differentiation-enhancing factor), from bovine brain by using a Src SH3 affinity column. Ectopic expression of DEF-1 in fibroblasts resulted in the differentiation of a significant fraction of the culture into adipocytes. This phenotype appears to be related to the induction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), since DEF-1 NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated augmented levels of PPARgamma mRNA and, when treated with activating PPARgamma ligands, efficient induction of differentiation. Further evidence for a role for DEF-1 in adipogenesis was provided by heightened expression of DEF-1 mRNA in adipose tissue isolated from obese and diabetes mice compared to that in tissue isolated from wild-type mice. However, DEF-1 mRNA was detected in multiple tissues, suggesting that the signal transduction pathway(s) in which DEF-1 is involved is not limited to adipogenesis. These results suggest that DEF-1 is an important component of a signal transduction process that is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts and possibly of other types of cells.