gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Conservation of MicroRNA Regulatory Circuits: An Examination of MicroRNA Gene Complexity and Conserved MicroRNA-Target Interactions through Metazoan Phylogeny (2007)

During the last decade, a variety of critical biological processes, including early embryo development, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic regularity, have been shown to be genetically regulated by a large gene family encoding a class of tiny RNA molecules termed microRNAs (miRNAs). All miRNAs share a common biosynthetic pathway and reaction mechanisms. The sequence of many miRNAs is found to be conserved, in their mature form, among different organisms. In addition, the evolutionary appearance of multicellular organisms appears to correlate with the appearance of the miRNA pathway for regulating gene expression. The miRNA pathway has the potential to regulate vast networks of gene products in a coordinate manner. Recent evidence has not only implicated the miRNA pathway in regulating a vast array of basic cellular processes but also specialized processes that are required for cellular identity and tissue specificity. A survey of the literature shows that some miRNA pathways are conserved virtually intact throughout phylogeny while miRNA diversity also correlates with speciation. The number of miRNA genes, the expression of miRNAs, and target diversities of miRNAs tend to be positively correlated with morphological complexities observed in animals. Thus, organismal complexity can be estimated by the complexity of the miRNA circuitry. The complexity of the miRNA gene families establishes a link between genotypic complexity and phenotypic complexity in animal evolution. In this paper, we start with the discussion of miRNA conservation. Then we interpret the trends in miRNA conservation to deduce miRNA evolutionary trends in metazoans. Based on these conservation patterns observed in each component of the miRNA regulatory system, we attempt to propose a global insight on the probable consistency between morphological evolution in animals and the molecular evolution of miRNA gene activity in the cell.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Aldehydo Sugars (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Approach to the Synthesis of Aldehydo SugarsCharles D. Hurd and Edward M. FilachioneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 5, 1156–1159Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01874a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01874a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural Conformational Sampling of Human TNFα Visualized by Double Electron-Electron Resonance (2017)

Double electron-electron resonance in conjunction with site-directed spin labeling has been used to probe natural conformational sampling of the human tumor necrosis factor α trimer. We suggest a previously unreported, predeoligomerization conformation of the trimer that has been shown to be sampled at low frequency. A model of this trimeric state has been constructed based on crystal structures using the double-electron-electron-resonance distances. The model shows one of the protomers to be rotated and tilted outward at the tip end, leading to a breaking of the trimerous symmetry and distortion at a receptor-binding interface. The new structure offers opportunities to modulate the biological activity of tumor necrosis factor α through stabilization of the distorted trimer with small molecules.
Tenascin: An Extracellular Matrix Protein Prominent In Specialized Embryonic Tissues And Tumors (1989)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
A Population-Based Study of Reoperations After Back Surgery (1997)

The incidence of reoperation after back surgery is independent of diagnosis and type of surgery performed. Despite different anatomic reasons for surgical intervention, the success of different types of surgery are not influenced by the factors identified in this study. More extensive surgery does not prevent nor predispose a patient to the need for further surgery.
Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of high-dose progesterone and doxorubicin. (1993)

Progesterone enhanced the hematologic toxicity of doxorubicin without altering its pharmacokinetics, suggesting that progesterone could modulate P-glycoprotein at the level of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. Adequate tissue concentrations of progesterone could be achieved in vivo to modulate doxorubicin toxicity in the bone marrow and thus potentially in tumor tissue as well. Selectivity may potentially be gained by using hematopoietic growth factors to offset the enhanced hematologic toxicity of doxorubicin while leaving the enhancement of toxicity to tumor cells unchanged.
Evaluation of Genetically Inactivated Alpha Toxin for Protection in Multiple Mouse Models of Staphylococcus aureus Infection (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Development of a vaccine against this pathogen is an important goal. While S. aureus protective antigens have been identified in the literature, the majority have only been tested in a single animal model of disease. We wished to evaluate the ability of one S. aureus vaccine antigen to protect in multiple mouse models, thus assessing whether protection in one model translates to protection in other models encompassing the full breadth of infections the pathogen can cause. We chose to focus on genetically inactivated alpha toxin mutant HlaH35L. We evaluated the protection afforded by this antigen in three models of infection using the same vaccine dose, regimen, route of immunization, adjuvant, and challenge strain. When mice were immunized with HlaH35L and challenged via a skin and soft tissue infection model, HlaH35L immunization led to a less severe infection and decreased S. aureus levels at the challenge site when compared to controls. Challenge of HlaH35L-immunized mice using a systemic infection model resulted in a limited, but statistically significant decrease in bacterial colonization as compared to that observed with control mice. In contrast, in a prosthetic implant model of chronic biofilm infection, there was no significant difference in bacterial levels when compared to controls. These results demonstrate that vaccines may confer protection against one form of S. aureus disease without conferring protection against other disease presentations and thus underscore a significant challenge in S. aureus vaccine development.
Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) genetic polymorphism is associated to oral anticoagulant overdose (2005)

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) genetic polymorphism is associated to oral anticoagulant overdose -
Growth Factor Enhancement of Cardiac Regeneration (2006)

The potential for endogenous or supplementary stem cells to restore the form and function of damaged tissues is particularly promising for overcoming the restricted regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart. To maintain blood circulation, this essential organ needs to launch a rapid response to repair damage of the muscle wall and to prevent muscle loss. The capacity of growth factors to supplement the repair process has been successfully applied to restore the integrity of damaged skeletal muscle, reducing the fibrotic response to injury, and recruiting local populations of self-renewing precursor cells and circulating stem cells. We review the recent evidence that extension of growth factor supplementation to the heart may overcome its inherent regenerative impediments through improvement of the local tissue environment and stimulation of cell replacement, and we speculate on future research directions for treatment of myocardial damage.
Foliar application: from plant nutrition to biofortification (2017)

It is well known that, sustainable agriculture is an important part of sustainable development. This sustainable agriculture should lead to achieve food security and maintain the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Sustainable agriculture also should have definitely a global perspective. The conservation of both soil and water resources, therefore, is considered an essential prerequisite as well as the efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers. This could be achieved by improving agro-technology and better understanding of the essential processes in soils. Foliar application of agrochemicals including fertilizers should be improved seeking for the sustainability of agriculture. The present review will focus on the effects of foliar application of nutrients for plant nutrition and its biofortification. Proper timing of foliar application, endo-, exogenous and environmental factors affecting foliar nutrition, influence of mineral fertilizer nutritional quality of staple food crops and finally nano-foliar nutrition as well as postharvest quality of crops will be also highlighted.
Adoptive T cell transfer of autoimmune nonobese diabetic mouse diabetes does not require recruitment of host B lymphocytes. (1988)

The autoimmune nonobese diabetic mouse, a model of human juvenile type I diabetes mellitus, exhibits features of both B and T cell autoreactivity against insulin-producing cells. Using the neonatal cell transfer model of the disease, which we have described previously, we have shown that B cell suppression of newborn recipients by anti-mu treatment did not affect the transfer of diabetes by means of T cells. B cell-depleted, purified T cells from diabetic adults were injected into newborns treated with either IR-52, a control rat myeloma protein, or LOMM.9, a rat anti-mouse mu-chain mAb. Both groups developed diabetes over a similar time scale. Although the pancreases in both groups showed massive infiltration by T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, presumably recruited in the host, were present in the IR-52-treated group, whereas they were absent in the LOMM.9-treated group. Anti-mu-treated diabetic animals showed substantial B cell suppression in vivo and in vitro when compared with IR-52-treated controls. These results suggest that B cell autoreactivity is a secondary phenomenon that is unimportant during the effector phase of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
Magnesium deficiency accelerates cellular senescence in cultured human fibroblasts (2008)

Magnesium inadequacy affects more than half of the U.S. population and is associated with increased risk for many age-related diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Altered cellular physiology has been demonstrated after acute exposure to severe magnesium deficiency, but few reports have addressed the consequences of long-term exposure to moderate magnesium deficiency in human cells. Therefore, IMR-90 human fibroblasts were continuously cultured in magnesium-deficient conditions to determine the long-term effects on the cells. These fibroblasts did not demonstrate differences in cellular viability or plating efficiency but did exhibit a decreased replicative lifespan in populations cultured in magnesium-deficient compared with standard media conditions, both at ambient (20% O(2)) and physiological (5% O(2)) oxygen tension. The growth rates for immortalized IMR-90 fibroblasts were not affected under the same conditions. IMR-90 fibroblast populations cultured in magnesium-deficient conditions had increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity and increased p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1) protein expression compared with cultures from standard media conditions. Telomere attrition was also accelerated in cell populations from magnesium-deficient cultures. Thus, the long-term consequence of inadequate magnesium availability in human fibroblast cultures was accelerated cellular senescence, which may be a mechanism through which chronic magnesium inadequacy could promote or exacerbate age-related disease.
Correction: Sirt1 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Repressing UCP2 in Pancreatic ß Cells (2006)

should be "pSUPERretro SiRNA-T1 (5-gatgaagttgacctcctca-3)".
Therapeutic Effects of Cystamine in a Murine Model of Huntington's Disease (2002)

The precise cause of neuronal death in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Proteolytic products of the huntingtin protein can contribute to toxic cellular aggregates that may be formed in part by tissue transglutaminase (Tgase). Tgase activity is increased in HD brain. Treatment in R6/2 transgenic HD mice, using the transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine, significantly extended survival, improved body weight and motor performance, and delayed the neuropathological sequela. Tgase activity and N(Sigma)-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine (GGEL) levels were significantly altered in HD mice. Free GGEL, a specific biochemical marker of Tgase activity, was markedly elevated in the neocortex and caudate nucleus in HD patients. Both Tgase and GGEL immunoreactivities colocalized to huntingtin aggregates. Cystamine treatment normalized transglutaminase and GGEL levels in R6/2 mice. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that transglutaminase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD, and they identify cystamine as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HD patients.
Palladium-catalyzed coupling of vinyl triflates with organostannanes. A short synthesis of pleraplysillin-1 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed coupling of vinyl triflates with organostannanes. A short synthesis of pleraplysillin-1William J. Scott, G. T. Crisp, and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 16, 4630–4632Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00328a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00328a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3118Altmetric-Citations288LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solvent Free Fabrication of Micro and Nanostructured Drug Coatings by Thermal Evaporation for Controlled Release and Increased Effects (2012)

Nanostructuring of drug delivery systems offers many promising applications like precise control of dissolution and release kinetics, enhanced activities, flexibility in terms of surface coatings, integration into implants, designing the appropriate scaffolds or even integrating into microelectronic chips etc. for different desired applications. In general such kind of structuring is difficult due to unintentional mixing of chemical solvents used during drug formulations. We demonstrate here the successful solvent-free fabrication of micro-nanostructured pharmaceutical molecules by simple thermal evaporation (TE). The evaporation of drug molecules and their emission to a specific surface under vacuum led to controlled assembling of the molecules from vapour phase to solid phase. The most important aspects of thermal evaporation technique are: solvent-free, precise control of size, possibility of fabricating multilayer/hybrid, and free choice of substrates. This could be shown for twenty eight pharmaceutical substances of different chemical structures which were evaporated on surfaces of titanium and glass discs. Structural investigations of different TE fabricated drugs were performed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy which revealed that these drug substances preserve their structurality after evaporation. Titanium discs coated with antimicrobial substances by thermal evaporation were subjected to tests for antibacterial or antifungal activities, respectively. A significant increase in their antimicrobial activity was observed in zones of inhibition tests compared to controls of the diluted substances on the discs made of paper for filtration. With thermal evaporation, we have successfully synthesized solvent-free nanostructured drug delivery systems in form of multilayer structures and in hybrid drug complexes respectively. Analyses of these substances consolidated that thermal evaporation opens up the possibility to convert dissoluble drug substances into the active forms by their transfer onto a specific surface without the need of their prior dissolution.
Reliability of Semiquantitative Ultrasonic Perfusion Imaging of the Brain (2004)

PC was independent of frame rate and ECA. Tmin was shorter with higher frame rates. Due to a very rapid decay at 5 Hz, the ideal frame rate should be about 1 Hz, that is, because the number of frames acquired within Tmin and therefore signal-to-noise ratio is higher at 1 Hz. Since the algorithm is complex (high RE) and more artifacts should occur in patients (insufficient bone window, etc), a triggering of the insonations by, for example, heart rate could decrease artifacts and increase diagnostic power of CODIM.
Plant sterols and sterolins: a review of their immune-modulating properties. (1999)

Beta-sitosterol (BSS) and its glycoside (BSSG) are sterol molecules which are synthesized by plants. When humans eat plant foods phytosterols are ingested, and are found in the serum and tissues of healthy individuals, but at concentrations orders of magnitude lower than endogenous cholesterol. Epidemiological studies have correlated a reduced risk of numerous diseases with a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and have concluded that specific molecules, including b-carotene, tocopherols, vitamin C, and flavonoids, confer some of this protective benefit. However, these epidemiologic studies have not examined the potential effect that phytosterols ingested with fruits and vegetables might have on disease risk reduction. In animals, BSS and BSSG have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-pyretic, and immune-modulating activity. A proprietary BSS:BSSG mixture has demonstrated promising results in a number of studies, including in vitro studies, animal models, and human clinical trials. This phytosterol complex seems to target specific T-helper lymphocytes, the Th1 and Th2 cells, helping normalize their functioning and resulting in improved T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell activity. A dampening effect on overactive antibody responses has also been seen, as well as normalization of the DHEA:cortisol ratio. The re-establishment of these immune parameters may be of help in numerous disease processes relating to chronic immune-mediated abnormalities, including chronic viral infections, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, cancer, and auto-immune diseases.
Bill Collectors and Consumers: A Troublesome Exchange Relationship (1994)

The author examines the interface between bill collectors and consumers through the use of in-depth interviews. One important result is a profile of both bill collectors and consumer debtors that includes an understanding of their beliefs and attitudes toward as well as reactions to each other. To develop this profile, details of the debt collection process, including the activities of bill collectors, the reactions of consumers, and their resulting relationship, are provided. The author closes with public policy implications, further research opportunities, and broader implications for marketers.
Lineage‐Negative Side‐Population (SP) Cells with Restricted Hematopoietic Capacity Circulate in Normal Human Adult Blood: Immunophenotypic and Functional Characterization (2002)

Side-population (SP) cells are a recently described rare cell population detected in selected tissues of various mammalian species, but not yet described in the peripheral circulation. In the present study, we have identified for the first time SP cells in lineage-negative adult human blood and have provided an extensive functional and immunophenotypic characterization of these cells. Adult peripheral blood was depleted of mature leukocyte cell types by density gradient and immunomagnetic separation. The SP cell population was identified by its characteristic Hoechst 33342 profile. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that blood SP cells expressed high levels of CD45, CD59, CD43, CD49d, CD31, and integrin markers and lacked CD34. Highly purified SP cells were put into cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC), long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC), and liquid cell culture assays; repopulating assays were performed utilizing nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Circulating SP cells were shown to exhibit verapamil sensitivity and a low growth rate. LTC-IC, CAFC, and engraftment assays indicated that circulating SP cells had lost the multipotentiality described in murine bone marrow SP cells. However, outgrowth of mature cell types from liquid cell culture suggests the presence of common lymphoid (T and natural killer) and dendritic cell precursor(s) within circulating SP cell populations. The absence of SP cell growth in the LTC-IC, CAFC, and repopulating assays might be intrinsic to the tissue source (marrow versus blood) or species (mouse versus human) tested. Thus, human blood SP cells, although rare, may serve as a source of selected leukocyte progenitor cells. The immunophenotype of circulating SP cells may provide clues to their seeding and homing capacity.