gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newborn screening in North America (2007)

Newborn screening in North America dates to the early work of Bob Guthrie in the USA. Screening programmes in both the USA and Canada began in the early 1960s, with documented programmes in both countries as early as 1962. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, many of the screening tests that later became part of routine screening around the world were developed in US and Canadian laboratories, including tests for phenylketonuria, other inborn errors of metabolism, congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and haemoglobinopathies. An automated punching machine developed in the USA facilitated screening expansion by significantly reducing sample preparation time and effort. US and Canadian programmes were leaders in applying computerized data management to newborn screening in the 1980s. In the 1990s, DNA and tandem mass spectrometry testing protocols were developed in the USA and applied to newborn screening. US programmes have continually expanded over time, while most Canadian programmes have not. With impetus from private laboratories and professional and consumer groups, many US programmes now screen for more than 50 conditions and there is increased expansion activity in Canada. NBS research in the USA is focused on improving system efficiency and translating other genetic testing to NBS, particularly where new technologies and treatment therapies exist. Although national newborn screening policies do not exist in either Canada or the USA, there are intense efforts to provide uniform access to screening nationwide in both countries. New partnerships between health professionals, consumers and politicians are benefiting the overall screening systems in both countries.
Unreliability of the Chou-Fasman parameters in predicting protein secondary structure (1998)

The Chou-Fasman method has been widely used for predicting protein secondary structure. It is based on knowledge of the potential of amino acid residues to form alpha-helical or beta-sheet regions in proteins. Our main interest in this study was to examine the reliability of these Chou-Fasman parameters. We calculated the Chou-Fasman parameters, with 95% confidence limits, of 144 non-homologous proteins consisting of 155 chains, and a total of 33 118 amino acid residues. All of the protein chains used were X-ray structures known at a resolution of at least 2.5 A. We compared the results of our calculations with those previously done by Chou and Fasman. Our results show that Chou and Fasman classified four amino acid residues wrongly in alpha-helical regions and one in a beta-sheet region. This is so, because the confidence limits we calculated did not include the values determined by Chou and Fasman. Moreover, the confidence limit calculations contradict most of the Chou-Fasman classification of amino acid residues.
Therapeutic application of iodine-125 labeled iododeoxyuridine in an early ascites tumour model. (1978)

In its decay, iodine-125 emits cascades of Auger electrons with subcellular ranges and leaves a highly charged tellurium-125 product. When iodine-125 is incorporated into DNA as the thymidine analog 125I-UdR, the localized deposition of such energy has been shown to be extremely radiotoxic. This report presents the results of quantitative investigations into the therapeutic efficacy of 125I-UdR in an early ascites murine tumour model. An ovarian embryonal cell carcinoma has been maintained by serial intraperitoneal transplantation. Challenge doses of 10(4)-10(6) cells were used. Four divided doses of 125I-UdR were administered starting 24 h after tumour cell inoculation; the interval between doses was 4 or 12 h. Therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated by prolonged median and increased absolute survivals of treated animals. Divided doses were more effective than single doses, and antineoplastic activity was related to fractionation. The degree of cell killing with a given fractionation scheme was constant over the range of 10(4)-10(6) cells, and total doses of 50-100 muCi resulted in a 2-3 log killing of tumour cells (1-0.1% cell survival). Therapy with 125I-UdR affords a promising new approach to the treatment of cancer. The therapeutic potential of iodine-125 and other radionuclides whose decay results in a highly localized deposition of energy merits further investigation.
Repair of DNA heteroduplexes containing small heterologous sequences in Escherichia coli. (1992)

Plasmid heteroduplexes were constructed that contain 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 unpaired bases within the mnt gene. These were used to assess the efficiency of repair of small heterologous sequences ("heterologies") in DNA by the Escherichia coli Dam-directed mismatch repair system. Heteroduplexes in defined states of methylation at d(GATC) sites were used to transform a repair-proficient indicator strain (which has a mnt-lac fusion coding for a nonfunctional mnt repressor) and its isogenic mutH, -L, and -S derivatives. Using this in vivo transformation system, we scored for repair on the basis of colony color: correction in favor of the strand bearing mnt+ coding information gives rise to colonies that are white, whereas correction on the opposite strand (mnt-) yields colonies that are red when grown on MacConkey agar. Failure to repair a heterology yields colonies that are both red and white ("mixed"). The correction efficiencies of two heteroduplexes, each containing a single G.T mismatch within mnt, were also monitored for purposes of comparison. Our results show that mutHLS-dependent, methyl-directed repair of heteroduplexes with 1-, 2-, and 3-base deletions is as highly efficient as the repair of G.T mismatches. Heteroduplexes with a 4-base deletion are marginally repaired and DNA with a 5-base deletion is not detectably repaired. In addition, we show that purified MutS protein from Salmonella typhimurium, which can substitute for E. coli MutS in vivo, binds to oligonucleotide duplexes containing 1, 2, 3, and 4 unpaired bases of a sequence identical with that used for the in vivo studies. Specific binding of MutS to homoduplex DNA and to DNA that had undergone a 5-base deletion was not observed.
Functionalized alanes for the conversion of epoxides to trans-fused .gamma.-lactones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctionalized alanes for the conversion of epoxides to trans-fused .gamma.-lactonesSamuel Danishefsky, T. Kitahara, M. Tsai, and J. DynakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 9, 1669–1671Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00871a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00871a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
[An in vitro investigation of wear resistance and hardness of three kinds of new composite resins]. (2008)

Nanofilled composite was superior to the hybrid composite in wear resistance and hardness.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on fixed necropsy material. (1990)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on ftxed necropsy material Te Meerman et all reported prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis for a couple where the affected child had died by use of DNA markers in linkage
Trace inference, curvature consistency, and curve detection (1989)

An approach is described for curve inference that is based on curvature information. The inference procedure is divided into two stages: a trace inference stage, which is the subject of the present work, and a curve synthesis stage. It is shown that recovery of the trace of a curve requires estimating local models for the curve at the same time, and that tangent and curvature information are sufficient. These make it possible to specify powerful constraints between estimated tangents to a curve, in terms of a neighborhood relationship called cocircularity, and between curvature estimates, in terms of a curvature consistency relation. Because all curve information is quantized, special care must be taken to obtain accurate estimates of trace points, tangents, and curvatures. This issue is addressed specifically to the introduction of a smoothness constraint and a maximum curvature constraint. The procedure is applied to two types of images: artificial images designed to evaluate curvature and noise sensitivity, and natural images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrafast Absolute Ranging by Coherent Parametric Comb (2013)

A new technique for fast, high-precision ranging is presented. The method utilized multi-tone heterodyning of dual phase-locked parametric combs. A 1.5-µm accuracy and 500ns capture time is demonstrated for the first time in LIDAR vibrometry.
Expression of lysyl oxidase from cDNA constructs in mammalian cells: The propeptide region is not essential to the folding and secretion of the functional enzyme (1995)

Rat aortic lysyl oxidase cDNA was expressed under a metallothionein promoter in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a dihydrofolate reductase selection marker. One methotrexate-resistant cell line, LOD-06, generated by transfecting with full-length cDNA, yielded lysyl oxidase proteins consistent with the 50 kDa proenzyme and a 29 kDa mature catalyst. A second cell line, LOD32-2, was generated by transfection with a truncated cDNA lacking sequences which code for the bulk of the propeptide region. Both cell lines secreted apparently identical, 29 kDa forms of mature lysyl oxidase each of which catalyzed the deamination of human recombinant tropoelastin and alkylamines, consistent with the known specificity of lysyl oxidase. The secreted enzyme forms were inhibited by chemical inhibitors of lysyl oxidase activity, including beta-aminopropionitrile, phenylhydrazine, ethylenediamine, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, and diethyldithiocarbamate. Sensitivity to these agents is consistent with the presence of copper and carbonyl cofactors in the expressed enzymes, characteristic of lysyl oxidase from connective tissues. These results indicate the lack of essentiality of the deleted proprotein sequence for the proper folding, generation of catalytic function, and secretion of lysyl oxidase.
Structures of Glycoprotein Ibα and Its Complex with von Willebrand Factor A1 Domain (2002)

Transient interactions of platelet-receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) reduce platelet velocity at sites of vascular damage and play a role in haemostasis and thrombosis. Here we present structures of the GpIbalpha amino-terminal domain and its complex with the VWF domain A1. In the complex, GpIbalpha wraps around one side of A1, providing two contact areas bridged by an area of solvated charge interaction. The structures explain the effects of gain-of-function mutations related to bleeding disorders and provide a model for shear-induced activation. These detailed insights into the initial interactions in platelet adhesion are relevant to the development of antithrombotic drugs.
Microfibrillar structure of PGG-Glucan in aqueous solution as triple-helix aggregates by small angle x-ray scattering (1999)

The conformation of polysaccharide PGG-Glucan, isolated from yeast cell walls, in aqueous solution was investigated by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and multidetector gel permeation chromatography coupled with postcolumn delivery (GPC/PCD) techniques in comparison with scleroglucan. It was shown that both polysaccharides exhibit a rigid rod-like conformation in aqueous solution by SAXS experiments. The mass per unit length (M/L) and radius (R) of rod cross section of PGG-Glucan were measured to be 6300 daltons/nm and 1.89 nm, while those of scleroglucan are 2300 and 0.83, respectively. Utilizing a GPC/light scattering technique, the average aggregation number of PGG-Glucan is 9, while that of scleroglucan is around 3. From the comparison of the M/L and R of the respective rod cross sections as well as their aggregation number data, it is concluded that PGG-Glucan is composed of triple helices, which tend to aggregate as triplets in solution, whereas scleroglucan is composed of a single triple helix. The aggregation number distribution of PGG-Glucan was found to range from 1 to about 25 determined by GPC/PCD. From the observation of a Debye-Scherrer ring type of peak in the macroscopic scattering cross section of PGG-Glucan by SAXS, the existence of a small amount of ordered clusters of PGG-Glucan can be deduced. The "lattice parameter" of these ordered fasces-like clusters is consistent with the radius of the individual triple-helical rods forming a microfibrillar superstructure. These results indicate that higher aggregated forms of PGG-Glucan containing up to 8 triple helices behave as ordered fasces-like clusters. We conclude that PGG-Glucan is triple-helix aggregates formed by rigid rods stacking together side by side. We propose a molecular structural model for PGG-Glucan conformations.
Antiviral Effects of Antisense Morpholino Oligomers in Murine Coronavirus Infection Models (2007)

The recent emergence of novel pathogenic human and animal coronaviruses has highlighted the need for antiviral therapies that are effective against a spectrum of these viruses. We have used several strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) in cell culture and in vivo in mouse models to investigate the antiviral characteristics of peptide-conjugated antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (P-PMOs). Ten P-PMOs directed against various target sites in the viral genome were tested in cell culture, and one of these (5TERM), which was complementary to the 5' terminus of the genomic RNA, was effective against six strains of MHV. Further studies were carried out with various arginine-rich peptides conjugated to the 5TERM PMO sequence in order to evaluate efficacy and toxicity and thereby select candidates for in vivo testing. In uninfected mice, prolonged P-PMO treatment did not result in weight loss or detectable histopathologic changes. 5TERM P-PMO treatment reduced viral titers in target organs and protected mice against virus-induced tissue damage. Prophylactic 5TERM P-PMO treatment decreased the amount of weight loss associated with infection under most experimental conditions. Treatment also prolonged survival in two lethal challenge models. In some cases of high-dose viral inoculation followed by delayed treatment, 5TERM P-PMO treatment was not protective and increased morbidity in the treated group, suggesting that P-PMO may cause toxic effects in diseased mice that were not apparent in the uninfected animals. However, the strong antiviral effect observed suggests that with further development, P-PMO may provide an effective therapeutic approach against a broad range of coronavirus infections.
RNA as a Target for Drug Design, the Example of Tat-TAR Interaction (2002)

One of the new targets in the battle against HIV-1 infection is the interaction between the viral transactivator and the transactivation response (TAR) element, which is necessary for HIV-1 replication. After an overview of the most recent structural studies of the Tat-TAR system, new TAR-targeted inhibitors are presented in several classes: antisense oligonucleotides, cationic peptides, intercalators and a large class of small RNA binding molecules. The method of library screening of RNA binding ligands in the search for new inhibitors is explained in detail. Inhibition of Tat-TAR interaction is considered as a realistic approach to develop new anti-HIV compounds. The RNA binding molecules in this review also demonstrate that the development of drugs that target RNA will become a feasible goal and that such compounds will be added in the future to the therapeutic arsenal to combat several diseases.
Coupled magnetic and structural transitions in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3films on SrTiO3 (2008)

The magnetic properties of three epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films of thickness 5, 15 and 40 nm grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates were investigated. The structural transition of the SrTiO3 substrate induces a magnetic transition in the manganite films due to magnetoelastic coupling. Below the temperature of the structural transition additional steps in the magnetization reversal characteristics appear characterized by clearly defined coercive fields. These additional coercive fields depend on the cooling history of the sample and are related to the formation of structural domains in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films induced by the substrate.
Partial restoration of cAMP-stimulated CFTR chloride channel activity in ΔF508 cells by deoxyspergualin (1998)

Deletion of the codon encoding phenylalanine 508 (DeltaF508) is the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF) and results in a trafficking defect. Mutant DeltaF508-CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein retains functional activity, but the nascent protein is recognized as abnormal and, in consequence, is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and degraded. It has been proposed that this retention in the ER is mediated, at least in part, by the cellular chaperones heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and calnexin. We have investigated the ability of deoxyspergualin (DSG), a compound known to compete effectively for binding with HSP70 and HSP90, to promote trafficking of DeltaF508-CFTR to the cell membrane. We show that DSG treatment of immortalized human CF epithelial cells (DeltaF508) and cells expressing recombinant DeltaF508-CFTR partially restored cAMP-stimulated CFTR Cl- channel activity at the plasma membrane. Although there are several possible explanations for these results, one simple interpretation is that DSG may have altered the interaction between DeltaF508-CFTR and its associated chaperones. If this is correct, agents capable of altering the normal functioning of cellular chaperones may provide yet another means of restoring CFTR Cl- channel activity to CF subjects harboring this class of mutations.
HER2 in Solid Tumors: More than 10 Years Under the Microscope; where are we now? (2014)

HER2 is a well-recognized mediator of the cancerogenic process. It is dysregulated in a wide range of solid tumors, mainly via protein overexpression and/or gene amplification, thus making HER2 an attractive target for tailored treatment. The anti-HER2 therapy trastuzumab was approved for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients more than 10 years ago. Since then, trastuzumab and other HER2-inhibitors have been entered into clinical practice for the treatment of breast cancer and, more recently, have been approved to treat HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancers. Currently, HER2-targeted therapies are under evaluation in other tumor types. Due to the relevance of proper patient selection, the accurate assessment of HER2 status is fundamental. This review will discuss the established knowledge and novel insights into the HER2 story, mainly focusing on breast, gastric and colorectal cancers, as well as providing a brief overview of salivary gland, bladder, ovarian and lung tumors.
Kennel cough complex: Confirmation and analysis of the outbreak in Japan. (1988)

In the winter of 1985, an outbreak of the respiratory disease of dogs occurred in one kennel in Tokyo area. The common clinical signs were depression, anorexia, nasal discharge and mild to severe dry cough. At necropsy of the dogs with severe clinical signs, the pathologic changes were confined only to the respiratory system especially lungs. Canine distemper virus was not considered as the causative agent, however, two different viruses were recovered from 6 of 33 dogs, and they were identified as canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2) and canine parainfluenza virus. They were present either alone or in combination. Bordetella bronchiseptica was also recovered in pure culture or in combination with other bacteria regarded as normal flora of the dogs. Serologically, CAV-2 was considered as the principal causative agent in the outbreak, even if most infection was silent and the association of opportunistic bacteria was necessary to show the clinical signs. It appeared that the outbreak was "Kennel cough complex", which was confirmed and analyzed for the first time in Japan.
Intelligent interactive video simulation of a code inspection (1989)

The need for technological solutions to learning, in the software engineering field is increasing. The Advanced Learning Technologies Project (ALT) has developed a highly interactive, high-fidelity simulation of group process communication. The first course demonstrating these techniques is on the formal technical review known as code inspection.
Delivery of Molecular Medicine to Solid Tumors (1996)

Molecular medicine is increasing our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and is providing new targets for therapeutic intervention. But at present we do not have appropriate ways to deliver these agents to the tumor, and without this ability their potential will not be realized. Jain proposes a three-part strategy for overcoming this obstacle to successful treatment of tumors.
Substrate specificity and mode of action of the cellulases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus (1981)

The substrate specificities of three cellulases and a beta-glucosidase purified from Thermoascus aurantiacus were examined. All three cellulases partially degraded native cellulose. Cellulase I, but not cellulase II and cellulase III, readily hydrolyzed the mixed beta-1,3; beta-1,6-polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl-pachyman, yeast glucan and laminarin. Both cellulase I and the beta-glucosidase degraded xylan, and it is proposed that the xylanase activity is an inherent feature of these two enzymes. Lichenin (beta-1,4; beta-1,3) was degraded by all three cellulases. Cellulase II cannot degrade carboxymethyl-cellulose, and with filter paper as substrate the end product was cellobiose, which indicates that cellulase II is an exo-beta-1,4-glucan cellobiosylhydrolase. Degradation of cellulose (filter paper) can be catalysed independently by each of the three cellulases; there was no synergistic effect between any of the cellulases, and cellobiose was the principal product of degradation. The mode of action of one cellulase (cellulase III) was examined by using reduced cellulodextrins. The central linkages of the cellulodextrins were the preferred points of cleavage, which, with the rapid decrease in viscosity of carboxymethyl-cellulose, confirmed that cellulase III was an endocellulase. The rate of hydrolysis increased with chain length of the reduced cellulodextrins, and these kinetic data indicated that the specificity region of cellulase III was five or six glucose units in length.