gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems and pitfalls in thyroid cytology. (1997)

When performing fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid, the limitations of the technique must be considered and one must keep an open mind when examining the cytologic specimen. It is also important to develop a philosophy for handling the occasional difficult gray zone case. Some cases will be at the border of normal and abnormal and a philosophical approach concerning how to handle these problem cases is useful. One approach is to play it safe and classify as any lesion that clearly does not fit into a benign category. Sometimes, a discussion with clinicians about the degree of suspicion is appropriate, and minimally suspicious lesions might be followed up unless clinical indications point toward surgery. An intermediate to strong degree of cytologic suspicion usually mandates surgical exploration. Undoubtedly, we will continue to refine our diagnostic abilities in fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. The above discussion reflects the experience of one institution, represents the state of the art as of 1996 and may have to be revised in the near future.
L-Galactono- -lactone Dehydrogenase from Sweet Potato: Purification and cDNA Sequence Analysis (1998)

L-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3, GLDHase) was partially purified from mitochondria of sweet potato tuberous roots over 600-fold on a specific activity basis, followed by purification of the enzyme protein of 56 kDa by a preparative SDS-PAGE. The absorption spectrum of the hydroxylapatite column-purified GLDH-ase showed peaks at 448 and 373 nm, suggesting the presence of flavin as a prosthetic group. The activity of GLDH-ase was inhibited by lycorine, an alkaloid which inhibits ascorbic acid biosynthesis in vivo. N-terminal partial sequences of four internal polypeptides generated by partial digestion of GLDHase with V8 protease were determined. The deduced nucleotide sequences were used to amplify a cDNA fragment of the GLDHase gene. The clone encoded a polypeptide of 581 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 66 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 77% identity with that of cauliflower GLDHase, and significant homology to those of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (22% identity) from rat and L-galactono-gamma-lactone oxidase from yeast (17% identity), which are enzymes involved in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in these organisms. The absorption spectrum and cDNA sequence suggested that the flavin group bound noncovalently. We conclude that GLDHase, L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase and L-galactono-gamma-lactone oxidase are homologous in spite of the difference in substrates and electron acceptors. Genomic Southern analysis suggested that GLDHase gene exists as a single copy in the genome of sweet potato.
ChemInform Abstract: Diethoxymethylphosphonites and Phosphinates. Intermediates for the Synthesis of α, β, and γ‐Aminoalkylphosphonous Acids. (1989)

Abstract The diethoxymethylphosphonate (I), its analogue (VI), and the phosphonite (III), prepared by known method or according to the scheme, are applied to the synthesis of several α‐, β‐, and γ‐aminoalkylphosphonous acids such as demonstrated for the examples (IX), (XII), and (XVa).
NetADHICT: a tool for understanding network traffic (2007)

Computer and network administrators are often confused or uncertain about the behavior of their networks. Traditional analysis using IP ports, addresses, and protocols are insufficient to understand modern computer networks. Here we describe NetADHICT, a tool for better understanding the behavior of network traffic. The key innovation of NetADHICT is that it can identify and present a hierarchical decomposition of traffic that is based upon the learned structure of both packet headers and payloads. In particular, it decomposes traffic without the use of protocol dissectors or other application-specific knowledge. Through an AJAX-based web interface, NetADHICT allows administrators to see the high-level structure of network traffic, monitor how traffic within that structure changes over time, and analyze the significance of those changes. NetADHICT allows administrators to observe global patterns of behavior and then focus on the specific packets associated with that behavior, acting as a bridge from higher level tools to the lower level ones. From experiments we believe that NetADHICT can assist in the identification of flash crowds, rapidly propagating worms, and P2P applications.
Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Spatial Mode Selection over Frequency- Space- Time- Selective Channels (2004)

Multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system is known to reduce the negative impact of the time dispersive characteristic of channels and show high spectral efficiency. Various spatial modes, such as multiplexing and diversity, can be used to improve the spectral efficiency further. In this paper, we propose the bit and power allocation scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems with spatial mode selection over frequency- space- time- selective channels. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides improved throughput performance.
La1−x−0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1−xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting (2009)

Solid solutions of two isotypic compounds from the end members LaSr2AlO5 and Sr3SiO5 are hosts for Ce3+ activator ions, allowing for careful tuning of the various parameters associated with efficient solid state (blue + yellow =) white lighting. By incorporating this phosphor with an encapsulant on InGaN light-emitting diodes (λmax = 430 nm), we obtain white light with a color rendering index (Ra) between 67 and 70 and color temperatures between 6550 and 7345 K, with relatively high efficacies, suggesting these solid solutions are promising for applications in solid state white lighting.
Risk stratification for 1 year survival based on characteristics identified in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. The Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. (1986)

We evaluated the relationship between baseline factors defined at 4.6 +/- 2.1 hr after onset of acute myocardial infarction and 1 year survival in 245 patients entered in the Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. Univariate statistics identified a significant relationship between 10 of these factors and survival. Multivariate analysis identified three factors as being most closely related to survival: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p less than .0001), (2) treatment with streptokinase (p = .03), and (3) location of infarction (p = .04). Mathematic models based on this analysis and applied to our patients identified high- and low-risk subgroups for 1 year mortality. Patients receiving standard, not interventional, therapy with anterior infarction and an LVEF of 50% or less and those with inferior infarction and an LVEF of 39% or less comprised the high-risk group. For patients receiving standard therapy, 1 year mortality was 41% in the high-risk group and 4% in the low-risk group. The models illustrated the magnitude of benefit of streptokinase treatment and achievement of complete reperfusion for those at low and high risk. We conclude that LVEF determined in the first hours of acute myocardial infarction is the most important of all baseline factors for prediction of 1 year survival. Mathematic models based on left ventricular function measured as ejection fraction are useful for risk stratification in this setting.
‘Blue energy’ from ion adsorption and electrode charging in sea and river water (2011)

A huge amount of entropy is produced at places where fresh water and seawater mix, for example at river mouths. This mixing process is a potentially enormous source of sustainable energy, provided it is harnessed properly, for instance by a cyclic charging and discharging process of porous electrodes immersed in salt and fresh water, respectively [D. Brogioli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 058501 (2009)]. Here we employ a modified Poisson–Boltzmann free-energy density functional to calculate the ionic adsorption and desorption onto and from the charged electrodes, from which the electric work of a cycle is deduced. We propose optimal (most efficient) cycles for two given salt baths involving two canonical and two grand-canonical (dis)charging paths, in analogy to the well-known Carnot cycle for heat-to-work conversion from two heat baths involving two isothermal and two adiabatic paths. We also suggest a slightly modified cycle which can be applied in cases that the stream of fresh water is limited.
Tunable, femtosecond pulse source operating in the range 106–133 m based on an Yb^3+-doped holey fiber amplifier (2002)

We report soliton pulse formation and amplification and soliton-self-frequency shifting in an anomalously dispersive, Yb3+-doped holey fiber amplifier seeded with pulses from an Yb3+-doped, 1.06-µm fiber based mode-locked oscillator. Our fiber-based system provides a highly practical, all-diode-pumped, continuously tunable femtosecond pulse source operational in the important and difficult to reach wavelength range from 1.06 to 1.33 µm. In other experiments multipulse, multicolored soliton formation was observed with wavelength-shifted pulsed output to beyond 1.58 µm. Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear compression of pulses to 65 fs were also obtained with other configurations.
Binding affinity between AhR and exogenous/endogenous ligands: molecular simulations and biological experiment (2014)

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays critical roles in cell differentiation, and its mechanism is controlled by exogenous and endogenous ligands. However, structures of AhR and its complex with ligand have not been determined by experimental structural biology. We here obtain stable structures of the complexes with rat AhR (rAhR) and some ligands in water by molecular simulations based on homology modelling, protein–ligand docking, classical molecular mechanics optimisation and ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations. In addition, the binding affinities and the specific interactions between rAhR and the ligands are investigated by ab initio FMO calculations and biological experiments. The experiments reveal the dependence of the rAhR-mediated transcriptional activation on the ligand binding. On the other hand, the results of FMO calculations elucidate that the exogenous ligands interact with many residues of rAhR, while the endogenous ligands interact specifically with a few residues, and that the side chain of Gln381 of rAhR interacts strongly with the oxygen atom located at the centre of the ligand. Furthermore, we evaluate the binding energies between rAhR and the ligands by the FMO method and compare them with the transcriptional activation obtained by the experiment.Keywords:: aryl hydrocarbon receptormolecular simulationbioassayfragment molecular orbitalendogenous ligand AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by MEXT Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (S. M., No. 242465) and the grant from Murata Science Foundation.
In situ hybridization histochemistry localization of interleukin-3 mRNA in mouse brain (1989)

Abstract The hematopoietic growth factor interleukin-3 (IL-3) promotes the proliferation and maturation of pluripotent myeloid progenitor cells. In the immune system, IL-3 is synthesized by mitogen or antigen- stimulated T lymphocytes. We demonstrate the expression of IL-3 mRNA in mouse brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and Northern blot analysis. The IL-3 mRNA is localized in discrete areas of the brain and can be found in neuronal cell body and astrocytes. Northern analysis of cerebellar RNA, compared with mRNA extracted from WEHI-3 cells, showed a single hybridization band, approximately 1.2 kb, suggesting similar processing between brain and myeloid cells. The molecular evidence and previous observations of IL-3-like biologic activity found in the brain suggest a potential role for IL-3 in the neurobiology of the CNS.
Transcriptional signature of flavopiridol-induced tumor cell death (2004)

Flavopiridol has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human tumor cells and is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in cancer treatment. Although the antiproliferative effect of flavopiridol has been attributed to the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4, recent reports indicate that the mechanism responsible for the cell death induced by this agent is more complex. To provide insight into the molecular processes mediating flavopiridol-induced cytotoxicity and to investigate the availability of markers indicative of its activity, we have applied cDNA microarray technology. Gene expression profiles were determined for four human tumor cell lines (prostate carcinomas PC3 and DU145 and gliomas SF359 and U251) following exposure to selected concentrations of flavopiridol. Treatment of these cell lines with a concentration of flavopiridol sufficient to reduce survival to 10% resulted in the identification of a set of 209 genes, the expression of which were altered in each of the cell lines. This common set of 209 gene expression changes suggested that flavopiridol-induced cell death can be defined in terms of a specific transcriptome. The flavopiridol death transcriptome consisted primarily of down-regulated genes; however, there were also a significant number of genes with increased expression. Whereas causal relationships were not established, these data suggest molecular events/processes that may be associated with flavopiridol-induced tumor cell death. Moreover, the identification of a set of gene expression changes in four human tumor cell lines suggests that such a transcriptome may be applicable to investigations of flavopiridol pharmacodynamics.
Polymer-Supported Palladacycles:  Efficient Reagents for Synthesis of Benzopyrans with Palladium Recovery. Relationship among Resin Loading, Pd:P Ratio, and Reactivity of Immobilized Palladacycles (2005)

[reaction: see text] Oxapalladacycles were immobilized on polystyrene-divinylbenzene supports and treated with 3-aryl-2-propynoates or 1-alkyl-1,2-propadienes to afford 2H-1-benzopyrans in yields superior to those for solution-phase experiments. Isolation of benzopyrans was facilitated, and 71-80% of the palladium was recovered. Effects of resin loading with phosphorus and palladium were studied, and the optimum immobilized palladacycles featuring a medium loading with P (1.35 mmol P/g) and a high loading with Pd (Pd:P ratio 1:1.7) were identified. Resins with higher swelling capacities were more reactive.
Substances Adsorbed on the Fat Globules in Cream and their Relation to Churning. V. Composition of the “Membrane” and Distribution of the Adsorbed Substances in Churning (1945)

Previous papers in this series This "membrane" was found to contain a protein (12), not identifiable with the other proteins of milk (14, A highmelting phosphorus-free glyceride was found in "membrane" preparations ( Rimpila and Palmer (
A systematic approach for extraction of phenolic compounds using parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes as a model substrate (2006)

Abstract The impact of extraction methodology and polarity of extraction solvents on the assay of phenolic compounds was investigated using parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) flakes as a model substrate. This systematic study was undertaken to address substantial variations in the extraction procedures, solvents and conditions as described in the recent literature. Five different extraction procedures [shaking, vortex mixing, sonication, stirring and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)] and three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone), with five different solvent to water ratios per solvent, were used for extraction. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic content by high‐performance liquid chromatography and Folin–Ciocalteu assays. The yields of phenolic compounds extracted with a pressurized liquid extractor were comparable to or better than those of four classical extraction procedures. Optimum extraction efficiency with PLE was obtained when extractions were performed with four extraction cycles using ethanol–water (50:50, v/v). The amount of apiin (4,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone 7‐apiosylglucoside) and malonylapiin (apigenin malonylapiosylglucoside) isolated from parsley varied with the composition of extraction solvent. Apiin extractability was found to be a maximum when the solvent (ethanol, methanol or acetone) to water ratio was 30:70 (v/v), whereas higher amounts of malonylapiin were isolated with a reverse solvent to water ratio (70:30, v/v). Malonylapiin was not detected when parsley samples were extracted with organic solvent to water ratios of 10:90 (v/v) and 30:70 (v/v). Published in 2006 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Site-specific integration of corynephage ε 16: construction of an integration vector (1999)

Phi16, a temperate phage induced from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21792, lysogenizes its host via site-specific recombination. The phage attachment site, attP, was located to a 6.5 kb BamHI fragment of the phi16 genome. This fragment also contained phi16 integrative functions. The minimal phage DNA fragment required for integration was defined. This 1630 bp region contained a large open reading frame, int, encoding a protein of 416 amino acids with similarity in its carboxyl-terminal domain to tyrosine recombinases and particularly to the Xer recombinases. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of attB, attL, attR, and attP identified a common 29 bp sequence, the core sequence. It lies 11 bp downstream of the 3' end of the integrase gene. phi16 integrase was shown to catalyse site-specific integration in trans to attP with an efficiency of 5x10(3) integrants per microg DNA. The integrating fragment catalysed integration in several Corynebacterium strains that are not infected by phi16, thus enlarging the host spectrum of integrating vectors derived from phi16. In these strains, the phi16 attB site was located in a conserved intergenic region and lies downstream of a clp gene.
An evaluation of a post-operative vacuum drainage system (1979)

The effectiveness of a plastic bottle vacuum drainage system ('Steritex vacu-drain') was evaluated in 50 randomly selected patients undergoing major surgery. The incidence of post-operative wound infection was 6%. The drainage system was found to be effective and acceptable to both patients and personnel involved in its management.
Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is Associated with Impaired Elimination of Budesonide by Cytochrome P450 3A Enzymes (2013)

Active EoE is associated with reduced elimination of budesonide via CYP3A, the major subfamily of drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans.
Ubiquitous Electronic Tagging (2000)

The automatic identification industry is growing rapidly. Tags occur in many forms and appear on everything from luggage at the airport, to dogs, trains and fresh fruit. As with many advancing technologies, there are a variety of standards that do not inter-operate and thus hinder widespread deployment. But the trend for the growth of this technology is inescapable: electronic machine-readable tags (e-tags) are becoming tiny, cheap and easy to deploy. An e-tag can now also serve as a data repository for the object that it is attached to. Imagine if every object ever processed had one or more machine-readable tags embedded into it. What applications would that enable? These tags would uniquely identify the object and be readable from a distance, not even requiring a battery. In addition to identification information, e-tags can record their history, or offer dynamic data from an embedded sensor indicating, for example, the tag&amp;apos;s temperature. This paper examines the applications and co...
PCI-32765: a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies (2012)

PCI-32765 is an oral irreversible Btk inhibitor with high potency and both preclinical and clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Phase I studies have demonstrated that it is well tolerated and has an excellent safety profile. Further studies are ongoing as a single agent and in combination with other targeted and conventional therapies. PCI-32765 is a very promising targeted therapy, and the data from these trials will ultimately decide its future role and success.
Rapid Magnetophoretic Separation of Microalgae (2012)

Magnetic collection of the microalgae Chlorella sp. from culture media facilitated by low-gradient magnetophoretic separation is achieved in real time. A removal efficiency as high as 99% is accomplished by binding of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to microalgal cells in the presence of the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as a binder and subsequently subjecting the mixture to a NdFeB permanent magnet with surface magnetic field ≈6000 G and magnetic field gradient <80 T m(-1) . Surface functionalization of magnetic NPs with PDDA before exposure to Chlorella sp. is proven to be more effective in promoting higher magnetophoretic removal efficiency than the conventional procedure, in which premixing of microalgal cells with binder is carried out before the addition of NPs. Rodlike NPs are a superior candidate for enhancing the magnetophoretic separation compared to spherical NPs due to their stable magnetic moment that originates from shape anisotropy and the tendency to form large NP aggregates. Cell chaining is observed for nanorod-tagged Chlorella sp. which eventually fosters the formation of elongated cell clusters.
Switching CAR T cells on and off: a novel modular platform for retargeting of T cells to AML blasts (2016)

The adoptive transfer of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells (CAR T cells) resulted in encouraging clinical trials in indolent B-cell malignancies. However, they also show the limitations of this fascinating technology: CAR T cells can lead to even life-threatening off-tumor, on-target side effects if CAR T cells crossreact with healthy tissues. Here, we describe a novel modular universal CAR platform technology termed UniCAR that reduces the risk of on-target side effects by a rapid and reversible control of CAR T-cell reactivity. The UniCAR system consists of two components: (1) a CAR for an inert manipulation of T cells and (2) specific targeting modules (TMs) for redirecting UniCAR T cells in an individualized time- and target-dependent manner. UniCAR T cells can be armed against different tumor targets simply by replacement of the respective TM for (1) targeting more than one antigen simultaneously or subsequently to enhance efficacy and (2) reducing the risk for development of antigen-loss tumor variants under treatment. Here we provide 'proof of concept' for retargeting of UniCAR T cells to CD33- and/or CD123-positive acute myeloid leukemia blasts in vitro and in vivo.
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE (1969)

The ability of 7S and F(ab')(2) antibody fragments to suppress priming with low doses of antigen was compared. The 7S preparation was approximately 100-1000 times more potent than the F(ab')(2) preparation when the agglutinin titers of the two preparations were the same. The presence of any ability to suppress priming in the F(ab')(2) preparation may reflect an inherent capacity of the F(ab')(2) antibody or contamination with small amounts of 7S antibody. The difference between 7S and F(ab')(2) antibody in ability to suppress priming is attributed to the lack of the Fc portion on the F(ab')(2) antibody. The Fc portion may be needed to prevent rapid excretion of antibody from the body, to induce rapid phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes with consequent breakdown and elimination of antigen, or to inactivate or suppress the antigen-sensitive cells from reacting to antigenic determinants. More detailed studies will permit a better assessment of the importance of these three possible regulatory roles of the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin in the immune response.