gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of GdIII‐Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen (2015)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is advantageous because it concurrently provides anatomic, functional, and molecular information. MR molecular imaging can combine the high spatial resolution of this established clinical modality with molecular profiling in vivo. However, as a result of the intrinsically low sensitivity of MR imaging, high local concentrations of biological targets are required to generate discernable MR contrast. We hypothesize that the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an attractive target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer, could serve as a suitable biomarker for MR-based molecular imaging. We have synthesized three new high-affinity, low-molecular-weight Gd(III) -based PSMA-targeted contrast agents containing one to three Gd(III) chelates per molecule. We evaluated the relaxometric properties of these agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells, and in an in vivo experimental model to demonstrate the feasibility of PSMA-based MR molecular imaging.
Modulation of HLA class II antigen expression by transfection of sense and antisense DR alpha cDNA. (1989)

In the human there are three isotypic forms of MHC class II gene products (HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP). The isotype-matched alpha-beta dimers are predominant but isotype-mismatched dimers can also be expressed (DR alpha-DQ beta). Here it is shown that the expression of the DR alpha-DQ beta dimer can be correlated to a high ratio of DR alpha/DR beta mRNA. The DR alpha chain expression was modulated by transfection of a sense and antisense DR alpha cDNA. Overexpression of DR alpha promoted the appearance of the DR alpha-DQ beta dimer. On the other hand, pre-existing DR alpha-DQ beta dimer expression was suppressed after antisense DR alpha cDNA transfection. Therefore, imbalanced expression of the alpha and beta chain from a given isotype could lead to the modification of HLA class II phenotype.
A Potential Biomaterial Composite for Dermal and Subcutaneous Augmentation (1994)

Based on previous experimental connective tissue work in cutaneous wound healing, cell culture, and fat transplantation, the use of positively charged dextran beads for subcutaneous and dermal augmentation was evaluated. When combined with a biocompatible liquid medium, the material easily flowed through small-gauge needles. When injected beneath the facial skin in rats, a profound macrophage response was initially seen at 30 days accompanied by fibroblast proliferation and new collagen formation. By 1 year, a quiescent noninflammatory cellular response with extensive intermaterial collagen deposition was evident. No adverse reactions were seen in the contralateral facial sites, which were injected with only the liquid medium. These preliminary findings suggest good tissue compatibility of this composite biomaterial and provide further evidence of the significant regulatory role of the macrophage in the tissue response to implanted biomaterials.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Yttrium Oxide Cluster Anions:  Effects of Oxygen and Metal Atom Addition (2001)

The photoelectron spectra of small gas-phase YnOm- clusters (n = 2−10, m = 1−3) are measured at photon energies of 3.49 and 4.66 eV. Cluster generation is performed with the aid of laser vaporization, whereas the kinetic energy of electrons is measured using a magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer. The evolution of the electronic structure of neutral yttrium oxide clusters is discussed in terms of both sequential oxygen addition to the metal cluster core and sequential metal atom increase. Electron affinities and vertical detachment energies are measured and compared to ionization potentials of the monoxide cluster series [Knickelbein, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 102, 1]. A general trend in the observed photoelectron spectra is a shifting of threshold energies to higher binding energies with increasing cluster size n. At low electron binding energies, main spectral features are contributed from metal d-band orbitals whereas the O 2p contribution becomes apparent with increasing oxygen content due to a higher degree of hybridization of yttrium s, d, and oxygen 2p orbitals. The differences of yttrium−oxygen dissociation energies are determined and compared.
Expression in Escherichia coli of Open Reading Frame Gene Segments of HTLV-III (1985)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was recently isolated and its genomic structure analyzed by DNA cloning methods. In the studies reported here a combined cloning and expression system was used to identify HTLV-III encoded peptides that react immunologically with antibodies in sera from AIDS patients. Cloned HTLV-III DNA was sheared into approximately 500-base-pair fragments and inserted into an "open reading frame" expression vector, pMR100. The inserted DNA was expressed in Escherichia coli transformants as a polypeptide fused to the lambda CI protein at its amino terminus and to beta-galactosidase at its carboxyl terminus. Sera from AIDS patients containing antibodies to HTLV-III were then used to screen for immunoreactive fusion proteins. Twenty clones, each specifying a fusion protein strongly reactive with AIDS serum, were identified. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the HTLV-III fragments were derived from the open reading frame DNA segments corresponding to the gag and pol gene coding regions and also the large open reading frame region (env-lor) located near the 3' end of the viral genome.
Reflections on treatment strategies for palliative chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. (2007)

Following our concept of efficacy-orientated sequential polychemotherapy, we report on the results of palliative chemotherapy in 69 patients suffering from exocrine pancreatic cancer, admitted to our unit in 2004. Evaluation of tumor response was mainly based on the serum courses of the tumor markers CA 19-9 and CEA; in addition, the modern imaging methods CT or MRT, including MRCP and MR-angiography, were performed bi-monthly. The median survival of the 69 patients (65% metastasized stages) was 16 months. The median survival increased with the number of effective treatment sequences, for the whole group from 5 to 10 and 23 months in relation to 0, 1 and > 1 effective sequences respectively. The results support our concept of EOSPC in pancreatic cancer patients, compared to clinical studies following protocols with only 1 treatment sequence and median survival rates of no more than 6-9 months. Compared to the efficacy-orientated sequential polychemotherapy (EOSPC) concept, which does not exclude but also allows the inclusion of clinical trials for further evaluation of new drugs or drug combinations, the common practice looking for survival in studies following protocols with only 1 treatment sequence might represent a negative predictive factor with respect to overall survival, as can be demonstrated by a comparison of our data with relevant recent literature. Our results further indicate that the interest of the clinicians and companies should not be focused only on first-line therapies, but also on 2nd- and 3rd-line strategies, as in our patients a second- and third-line therapy could be started in 73% and 68% of the patients respectively.
Correlation of Harmonic Components between the Blood Pressure and Photoplethysmography Waveforms Following Local-Heating Stimulation (2012)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) involves measuring an optic signal related to the arterial volumetric pulsations of blood, and has great potential in clinical applications due to its simplicity and noninvasiveness. In the present study, we aimed to verify if the induced vasodilation and increase in terminal blood supply by local heating stimulation (LH) could help to improve the correlation of harmonic components between radial BP and finger PPG waveforms. Trials were performed on male healthy volunteers (n=17) aged 25-31 years. LH was performed by placing a waterbag filled with 35 o C water around the lower arm. BP and PPG spectra were calculated from the averages of all of the pulses during the entire measurement period for the amplitude proportion. For the first three harmonics, the correlation coefficients for the regression lines between BP and PPG waveforms were significantly increased following LH. The present result illustrated improved BP-PPG correlations of harmonic components following LH. It implies that an appropriate environmental temperature could improve the reconstruction of the BP waveform from noninvasive PPG measurements. The present frequency-domain analysis method could thus provide an alternative and more convenient method for acquiring the BP waveform, and hence bring new study directions for further applications such as in evaluating whole-body responses of the microcirculatory blood supply to various treatment strategies, the augmentation index calculation, and telemedicine.
Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence literature—Luciferase reporter genes—Lux and Luc (1993)

The following references encompass a review of recent literature where the in vivo expression of eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic luciferases provide for sensitive reporters of cellular activity. The list is subdivided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic applications. We have included the uses of luciferases in elucidating the control of gene expression or for monitoring cell viability. We have not included papers cited by Stanley and Stewart (J Biolumin Chemilumin 1990; 5:141-52) nor have we included papers on the structure and regulation of luciferases as this now substantial literature will be the subject of a future review. References cited in both this review and previous ones are referred to by the number assigned to them in the earlier review.
Verification of the reciprocity theorem (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Min-Joong Kim, "Verification of the reciprocity theorem," Appl. Opt. 27, 2645-2646 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Microfluidic Platform for Combinatorial Synthesis and Optimization of Targeted Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy (2013)

Taking a nanoparticle (NP) from discovery to clinical translation has been slow compared to small molecules, in part by the lack of systems that enable their precise engineering and rapid optimization. In this work we have developed a microfluidic platform for the rapid, combinatorial synthesis and optimization of NPs. The system takes in a number of NP precursors from which a library of NPs with varying size, surface charge, target ligand density, and drug load is produced in a reproducible manner. We rapidly synthesized 45 different formulations of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) NPs of different size and surface composition and screened and ranked the NPs for their ability to evade macrophage uptake in vitro. Comparison of the results to pharmacokinetic studies in vivo in mice revealed a correlation between in vitro screen and in vivo behavior. Next, we selected NP synthesis parameters that resulted in longer blood half-life and used the microfluidic platform to synthesize targeted NPs with varying targeting ligand density (using a model targeting ligand against cancer cells). We screened NPs in vitro against prostate cancer cells as well as macrophages, identifying one formulation that exhibited high uptake by cancer cells yet similar macrophage uptake compared to nontargeted NPs. In vivo, the selected targeted NPs showed a 3.5-fold increase in tumor accumulation in mice compared to nontargeted NPs. The developed microfluidic platform in this work represents a tool that could potentially accelerate the discovery and clinical translation of NPs.
Nonneutralizing HIV-1 gp41 Envelope Cluster II Human Monoclonal Antibodies Show Polyreactivity for Binding to Phospholipids and Protein Autoantigens (2010)

HIV-1 gp41 envelope antibodies, which are frequently induced in HIV-1-infected individuals, are predominantly nonneutralizing. The rare and difficult-to-induce neutralizing antibodies (2F5 and 4E10) that target gp41 membrane-proximal epitopes (MPER) are polyspecific and require lipid binding for HIV-1 neutralization. These results raise the questions of how prevalent polyreactivity is among gp41 antibodies and how the binding properties of gp41-nonneutralizing antibodies differ from those of antibodies that are broadly neutralizing. In this study, we have characterized a panel of human gp41 antibodies with binding specificities within the immunodominant cluster I (gp41 amino acids [aa] 579 to 613) or cluster II (gp41 aa 644 to 667) for reactivity to autoantigens, to the gp140 protein, and with MPER peptide-lipid conjugates. We report that while none of the gp41 cluster I antibodies studied were polyspecific, all three gp41 cluster II antibodies bound either to lipids or autoantigens, thus showing the propensity of cluster II antibodies to manifest polyreactivity. All cluster II gp41 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), including those that were lipid reactive, failed to bind to gp41 MPER peptide-lipid complexes. Cluster II antibodies bound strongly with nanomolar binding affinity (dissociation constant [K(d)]) to oligomeric gp140 proteins, and thus, they recognize conformational epitopes on gp41 that are distinct from those of neutralizing gp41 antibodies. These results demonstrate that lipid-reactive gp41 cluster II antibodies are nonneutralizing due to their inability to bind to the relevant neutralizing epitopes on gp41.
l-Arginine Chlorination Products Inhibit Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production (2001)

The myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction, but the mechanisms underlying this inhibitory effect are unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that HOCl and L-arginine (L-Arg) react to form novel compounds that adversely affect endothelial function by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) formation. Using spectrophotometric techniques, we found that HOCl and L-Arg react rapidly (k = 7.1 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1)) to form two major products that were identified by mass spectrometry as monochlorinated and dichlorinated adducts of L-Arg. Pretreatment of bovine aortic endothelial cells with the chlorinated L-Arg metabolites (Cl-l-Arg) inhibited the -induced formation of the NO metabolites nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation of rat aortic ring segments with Cl-L-Arg resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine-induced relaxation. In contrast, blood vessels relaxed normally to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside. In vivo administration of Cl-L-Arg to anesthetized rats increased carotid artery vascular resistance. A greater than 10-fold excess of L-Arg was required to reverse the inhibitory effects of Cl-L-Arg in vivo and in vitro. Reaction of HOCl with D-arginine (D-Arg) did not result in the formation of inhibitory products. These results suggest that HOCl reacts with L-Arg to form chlorinated products that act as nitric-oxide synthase inhibitors.
Optical Studies of CaS:Eu, Sm Infrared Stimulable Phosphors (1993)

The photoluminescence (PL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (ISL) spectra of CaS:Eu,Sm infrared stimulable phosphors (ISPs) are studied. In addition, the concentration dependence of ISL intensity is examined. Sm 3+ - and Eu 2+ -related structures are found in both the PL excitation and emission spectra. Two types of Sm 3+ are found, one of which exhibits strong emission at around 650 nm and the other, weak emission compared to the other emissions at around 565 nm and 605 nm. These are assigned to an asymmetric and a symmetric site, respectively. ISL excitation spectra coincide with the Eu 2+ 4f 7 to 4f 6 5d 1 and 4f 6 6s 1 transitions and range from 220 to 650 nm. ISL emission spectra coincide with the Eu 2+ 4f 6 5d 1 to 4f 7 transition and range from 550 to 750 nm. ISL stimulation spectra range from 0.8 µm to 1.7 µm and are thought to indicate the Sm 2+ ion transition from 4f 6 to 4f 5 5d 1 . The maximum ISL intensity is obtained from a sample with Eu and Sm concentrations of 500 and 130 ppm, respectively.
Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (1993)

This Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) definition provides security services to callers in a generic fashion, supportable with a range of underlying mechanisms and technologies and hence allowing source-level portability of applications to different environments. This specification defines GSS-API services and primitives at a level independent of underlying mechanism and programming language environment, and is to be complemented by other, related specifications:
Structural and functional properties of the 14-kDa envelope protein of vaccinia virus synthesized in Escherichia coli. (1990)

Vaccinia virus is a highly cytocidal virus, but the steps that lead to virus penetration into cells, the first event in virus pathogenesis, have not been elucidated. We have shown that a 14-kDa envelope protein of vaccinia virus might play a major role in virus-penetration acting at the level of cell fusion (Rodriguez, J. F., Paez, E., and Esteban, M. (1987) J. Virol. 61, 395-404; Gong, S., Lai, C., and Esteban, M. (1990) Virology 178, 81-91). To carry out structural and functional studies on the vaccinia 14-kDa protein, it would be desirable to have a high level expression system, since the amount of protein that can be obtained from purified virus or from infected cells is very limited. In this investigation we demonstrate that the 14-kDa envelope protein of vaccinia virus is expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble form and at high levels. We establish, by several criteria, that the 14-kDa vaccinia virus protein expressed in E. coli is similar to the protein found in the virus particle based on apparent molecular mass, occurrence of disulfide-linked oligomers, reactivity against specific monoclonal antibody, and identity in amino-terminal sequence with the predicted DNA sequence of the gene. We define several structural and functional properties concerning the 14-kDa envelope protein of vaccinia virus. 1) 14 kDa is a trimer of identical subunits. 2) A monomer binds to itself more strongly than to a dimer or a trimer. 3) Oligomerization does not require cellular factors. 4) Trimers induce high titer neutralizing antibodies in animals which correlate with overall immunogenicity. 5) 14-kDa binds with specificity to the cell surface of cultured cells.
Tellurapyrylium dyes as photochemotherapeutic agents. Surprising tellurium atom effects for the generation of rates of reaction with singlet oxygen (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTellurapyrylium dyes as photochemotherapeutic agents. Surprising tellurium atom effects for the generation of rates of reaction with singlet oxygenMichael R. Detty, Paul B. Merkel, and Stephen K. PowersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5920–5922Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronic and phonon mechanisms of vibrational relaxation: CO on Cu(100) (1993)

Stochastic dynamics simulations of vibrational relaxation rates are reported for a carbon monoxide molecule adsorbed on the (100) face of copper. A recently developed ‘‘molecular dynamics with electronic friction’’ scheme that self-consistently incorporates both phonon and nonadiabatic electron–hole (e-h) pair mechanisms of energy dissipation is employed. Lifetimes of the C–O stretch, the CO-surface stretch, the frustrated rotation, and the frustrated in-plane translation are examined as a function of temperature between 0 and 450 K. e-h pair dissipation plays a significant role for all modes above 150 K. For the C–O internal stretching mode, the e-h pair mechanism dominates and the lifetime depends weakly on temperature. The frustrated rotational (bending) mode is calculated to have the shortest lifetime at all temperatures, and the temperature dependence is weak. The e-h pair contribution is again largest although the phonon contribution is significant. The CO-surface stretch and the frustrated in-plane translation are the longest lived modes, but exhibit a dramatic decrease in lifetime with increasing temperature. The results suggest that e-h pair dissipation plays a significant role in adsorbate dynamics at metal surfaces when there are chemisorption interactions.
Chinese red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) for primary hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2006)

Extracts of Chinese red yeast rice (RYR, a traditional dietary seasoning of Monascus purpureus) contains several active ingredients including lovastatin, and several trials of its possible lipid-lowering effects have been conducted. This meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness and safety of RYR preparations on lipid modification in primary hyperlipidemia. We included randomized controlled trials testing RYR preparation, compared with placebo, no treatment, statins, or other active lipid-lowering agents in people with hyperlipidemia through searching PubMed, CBMdisk, TCMLARS, the Cochrane Library, and AMED up to December 2004. Ninety-three randomized trials (9625 participants) were included and three RYR preparations (Cholestin, Xuezhikang and Zhibituo) were tested. The methodological quality of trial reports was generally low in terms of generation of the allocation sequence, allocation concealment, blinding, and intention-to-treat. The combined results showed significant reduction of serum total cholesterol levels (weighted mean difference -0.91 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.71), triglycerides levels (-0.41 mmol/L, -0.6 to -0.22), and LDL-cholesterol levels (-0.73 mmol/L, -1.02 to -0.043), and increase of HDL-cholesterol levels (0.15 mmol/L, 0.09 to 0.22) by RYR treatment compared with placebo. The lipid modification effects appeared to be similar to pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, or fluvastatin. Compared with non-statin lipid lowering agents, RYR preparations appeared superior to nicotinate and fish oils, but equal to or less effective than fenofibrate and gemfibrozil. No significant difference in lipid profile was found between Xuezhikang and Zhibituo. RYR preparations were associated with non-serious adverse effects such as dizziness and gastrointestinal discomfort. Current evidence shows short-term beneficial effects of RYR preparations on lipid modification. More rigorous trials are needed, and long-term effects and safety should be investigated if RYR preparations are to be recommended as one of the alternative treatments for primary hyperlipidemia.