gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of membrane-associated and secreted variants of gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro and in continuous cell lines (1988)

The gene encoding the 856-amino-acid envelope glycoprotein, gp160, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was mutagenized and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Continuous cell lines that constitutively produced gp160 variants were isolated and used to study the biosynthesis and orientation of gp160 in cellular membranes. In vivo studies of gp160 variants failed to reveal domains upstream of amino acid residue 665 that could serve as stop transfer sequences. Analyses of gp160 variants expressed in vitro in a translation-coupled translocation system were consistent with the in vivo studies and provided evidence that gp160 is a simple bitopic membrane protein. A model for the orientation and function of gp160 in cellular membranes is presented. The cell lines described provide a convenient source of the gp120-gp41 complex.
Human platelet fraction arginine-vasopressin. Potential physiological role. (1987)

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) immunoreactivity (Ir) has been found to be elevated in platelet-rich plasma. PlatAVP was defined as platelet-rich plasma Ir minus platelet-poor plasma Ir (Pavp). PlatAVP, Pavp, and synthetic AVP were found to have identical retention time on high performance liquid chromatography analysis and similar mobility on thin-layer chromatography. During a standard osmotic suppression-stimulation test, Pavp increased with plasma osmolality (Posm, mosmol/kg H2O); Pavp (pg/ml) = 0.98 (Posm -274.4), r = 0.57, P less than 0.001, n = 65; but PlatAVP was not significantly correlated with Posm and remained at 5 pg/ml. This PlatAVP concentration was estimated to represent a true intraplatelet AVP concentration of 0.4 to 3.7 X 10(-9) M. Binding studies on intact human platelets demonstrated specific binding sites for [3H]AVP (n = 16; BMax = 98 +/- 30 binding sites/platelet; Kd = 0.72 +/- 0.24 nM). This in vitro affinity association constant (Kd) was close to the estimated in vivo intraplatelet AVP concentration. Measurement of PlatAVP could estimate vasopressin bound to a specific platelet receptor.
Two-Dimensional Open Microfluidic Devices by Tuning the Wettability on Patterned Superhydrophobic Polymeric Surface (2010)

We present a simple and economical method to produce a potential open microfluidic polymeric device. Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared on polystyrene using a phase separation methodology. Patterned two-dimensional channels were imprinted on the superhydrophobic substrates by exposing the surface to plasma or UV–ozone radiation. The wettability of the channels could be precisely controlled between the superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic states by changing the exposure time. The ability of superhydrophilic paths to drive liquid flows in a horizontal position was found to be significantly higher than for the case of hydrophilic paths patterned onto smooth surfaces.
CrOxFy as a material for attenuated phase-shift masks in ArF lithography (2000)

We investigated the durability of CrO<SUB>x</SUB>F<SUB>y</SUB> film, which is used as a shifter for attenuated phase-shift masks (Att- PSMs), under ArF excimer laser irradiation. The phase shift of an as-deposited film decreased and the transmittance increased due to the disappearance of interfaces, which was caused by the migration of atoms. To improve durability, the sample was annealed at 300 degrees C to remove the interfaces, and the surface was etched to recover the decreased transmittance caused by the annealing. As a result, the lifetime became 1.5 years, which is sufficient for practical devices. The depth-of-focus of an ArF photoresist was 1.2 micrometers for a 0.13 micrometers line-and-space pattern and 0.5 micrometers for an 0.13 micrometers isolated contact- hole pattern when Att-PSMs made from CrO<SUB>x</SUB>F<SUB>y</SUB> film were used.
Simultaneous Genotyping of Seven Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the MDR1 Gene by Single-Tube Multiplex Minisequencing (2003)

10.1373/49.4.672
Stabilizing the Pro-Apoptotic BimBH3 Helix (BimSAHB) Does Not Necessarily Enhance Affinity or Biological Activity (2012)

An attractive approach for developing therapeutic peptides is to enhance binding to their targets by stabilizing their α-helical conformation, for example, stabilized BimBH3 peptides (BimSAHB) designed to induce apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that such modified peptides have reduced affinity for their targets, the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. We attribute this loss in affinity to disruption of a network of stabilizing intramolecular interactions present in the bound state of the native peptide. Altering this network may compromise binding affinity, as in the case of the BimBH3 stapled peptide studied here. Moreover, cells exposed to these peptides do not readily undergo apoptosis, strongly indicating that BimSAHB is not inherently cell permeable.
Blind Pilot Decontamination (2014)

A subspace projection to improve channel estimation in massive multi-antenna systems is proposed and analyzed. Together with power-controlled hand-off, it can mitigate the pilot contamination problem without the need for coordination among cells. The proposed method is blind in the sense that it does not require pilot data to find the appropriate subspace. It is based on the theory of large random matrices that predicts that the eigenvalue spectra of large sample covariance matrices can asymptotically decompose into disjoint bulks as the matrix size grows large. Random matrix and free probability theory are utilized to predict under which system parameters such a bulk decomposition takes place. Simulation results are provided to confirm that the proposed method outperforms conventional linear channel estimation if bulk separation occurs.
Ion implantation in semiconductors—Part II: Damage production and annealing (1972)

Radiation damage is produced in a crystalline target whenever a moving ion transfers sufficient energy to a target atom to displace it from its lattice site. For conditions of practical importance in ion implantation, the radiation damage produced by the injected ions is severe, and the crystal must be carefully Annealed if the chemical effects of the implanted ions are to dominate the residual damage. The purpose of this paper is to review work that has been performed over the past several years in an effort to understand implantation-produced damage and its annealing characteristics, especially in silicon. The subject is developed as follows. A qualitative description of the damage produced by an implanted ion is presented in Section I, followed by a partial inventory of the basic defects that are found in ion-implanted silicon (Section II). The structure of individual damage clusters produced by both heavy and light ions is then described in Section III, where theoretical predictions are compared to a variety of experimental data. This is followed with a section on the depth distribution of defects and damage clusters (Section IV); and the paper is then concluded with a section on the annealing characteristics of implantation-produced damage (Section V). The development is organized to give primary emphasis to those facts and ideas that are essential for applications of ion implantation in the fabrication of MOS and junction devices in silicon. A future paper will review the state of the art in compound semiconductors.
Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel transport proteins from rat kidney (1998)

The recent cloning of renal transport systems for organic anions and cations (OAT1, OCT1, and OCT2) opened the possibility to search, via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) homology screening, for novel transport proteins. Two integral membrane proteins, UST1 and UST2, were cloned from rat kidney. RT-PCR revealed that UST1 is confined to the kidney whereas UST2 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues. Sequence analyses suggest that UST1 and UST2, together with four related transporters, comprise, within the major facilitator superfamily, a so far unrecognized transporter family, termed amphiphilic solute facilitator (ASF) family. Characteristic signatures for the ASF family were identified.
Preliminary results on a study to locate the pterygopalatine fossa using mathematical formulae (2010)

Blocking the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) has been shown to be effective in treating most orofacial pain including that associated with trigeminal neuralgia. However, the technique is not widely used, and we propose it to be due to the vague descriptions of the techniques in the literature. The aim of this study was therefore to achieve an alternative method of locating the PPF. One hundred and sixty skulls from the department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, were used. Distinct landmarks (both anthropometric and clinical) accompanied by existing and new anthropometric measurements were used to define the location of the PPF. Regression analysis was used to measure the reliability of predicting the location of the PPF. From the results, two mathematical formulae were devised (one for each side). These formulae were tested on 47 cadavers by inserting a needle at the calculated points after which the areas where dissected to determine whether or not the needle had entered the PPF. Our results showed an accuracy of 65.2% on the right and 54.4% on the left. In conclusion, improvement in the accuracy of the technique could aid in the management of various pain disorders as well as pain management during surgery.
GATMO: A Generalized Approach to Tracking Movable Objects (2009)

We present GATMO (Generalized Approach to Tracking Movable Objects), a system for localization and mapping that incorporates the dynamic nature of the environment while maintaining semantic labels. Objects in the environment are broken down into multiple mobility levels, from static (walls) to highly mobile (people), by maintaining a history of object movement. Object classification is accomplished through a multi-layer, multi-hypothesis approach that does not rely on any static features such as shape or size. Maps are stored in an efficient manner that incorporates a history of previous orientations of each object. GATMO is initialized with a static map; it subsequently changes the map over time as objects in the map change position.
An embedded 32-b microprocessor core for low-power and high-performance applications (2001)

An embedded RISC microprocessor core fabricated in a six-layer metal 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process implementing the ARM/sup TM/ V.5TE instruction set is described. The core described is the first implementation of the Intel XScale Microarchitecture/sup TM/. The microprocessor core, which includes caches, memory management units, and a bus controller, comprises a hard-embedded block 16.77 mm/sup 2/ in size. The implementation is primarily custom logic in a variety of circuit styles. The processor dissipates 450 mW at 1.3 V, 600 MHz, and scales between 55 mW at 0.7 V, 200 MHz, and 900 mW at 1.65 V 800 MHz. Architectural performance is 1000 MIPS at 800 MHz with efficiency ranging from over 850 MIPS/W at 1.65 V to over 4500 MIPS/W at 0.75 V. Architectural and circuit design approaches for low power and high performance are described and measured results from the initial implementation are shown. The first implementation VLSI chip has a 3.3-V pin interface and supports a 0.75-1.65-V core voltage range.
Neural network-based face detection (1998)

We present a neural network-based upright frontal face detection system. A retinally connected neural network examines small windows of an image and decides whether each window contains a face. The system arbitrates between multiple networks to improve performance over a single network. We present a straightforward procedure for aligning positive face examples for training. To collect negative examples, we use a bootstrap algorithm, which adds false detections into the training set as training progresses. This eliminates the difficult task of manually selecting nonface training examples, which must be chosen to span the entire space of nonface images. Simple heuristics, such as using the fact that faces rarely overlap in images, can further improve the accuracy. Comparisons with several other state-of-the-art face detection systems are presented, showing that our system has comparable performance in terms of detection and false-positive rates.
Interferometric attitude determination using the global positioning system (1981)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1981.
Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Inhibit IL-5, Eosinophilic Inflammation, and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice (1998)

We have used a mouse model of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to demonstrate that immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) containing a CpG DNA motif significantly inhibit airway eosinophilia and reduce responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. ISS not only inhibited eosinophilia of the airway (by 93%) and lung parenchyma (91%), but also significantly inhibited blood eosinophilia (86%), suggesting that ISS was exerting a significant effect on the bone marrow production of eosinophils. The inhibition of the bone marrow production of eosinophils by 58% was associated with a significant inhibition of T cell-derived cytokine generation (IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and IL-3). ISS exerted this inhibitory effect on T cell cytokine production indirectly by stimulating monocytes/macrophages and NK cells to generate IL-12 and IFNs. The onset of the ISS effect on reducing the number of tissue eosinophils was both immediate (within 1 day of administration) and sustained (lasted 6 days), and was not due to ISS directly inducing eosinophil apoptosis. ISS was effective in inhibiting eosinophilic airway inflammation when administered either systemically (i.p.), or mucosally (i.e., intranasally or intratracheally). Interestingly, a single dose of ISS inhibited airway eosinophilia as effectively as daily injections of corticosteroids for 7 days. Moreover, while both ISS and corticosteroids inhibited IL-5 generation, only ISS was able to induce allergen-specific IFN-gamma production and redirect the immune system toward a Th1 response. Thus, systemic or mucosal administration of ISS before allergen exposure could provide a novel form of active immunotherapy in allergic diseases.
Interleukin 2 Signaling Is Required for CD4+ Regulatory T Cell Function (2002)

Mice deficient in interleukin (IL)-2 production or the IL-2 receptor alpha or beta chains develop a lethal autoimmune syndrome. CD4(+) regulatory T cells have been shown to prevent autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection, and to down-regulate antibody responses against foreign antigens. To assess the role of IL-2 in the generation and function of regulatory T cells, we transferred CD4(+) T cells from mice genetically deficient in IL-2 or IL-2R(alpha) (CD25) expression. A small number of splenic or thymic CD4(+) T cells from IL-2 knockout mice can protect mice from spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast, splenic or thymic CD4(+) T cells from CD25 knockout donor mice conferred little or no protection. We conclude that T cells with regulatory potential can develop, undergo thymic selection, and migrate to the peripheral lymphoid organs in the absence of IL-2, and do not protect from disease by means of IL-2 secretion. However, IL-2 signaling in regulatory T cells is essential for their protective function. Altogether, our results favor a model whereby IL-2 induces regulatory T cell activity.
Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB System (2009)

The recently approved IEEE 802.15.4a standard defines an ultra-wideband (UWB) based physical layer using concatenated coding with mixed binary phase-shift keying and binary pulse-position modulation (BPSK-BPPM) and direct-sequence spreading with time hopping. The concatenated code consists of an outer Reed-Solomon (RS) and an inner convolutional code, and the coding and modulation are combined such that both coherent and noncoherent receiver architectures are supported. In this paper, the error-rate performance of IEEE 802.15.4a compliant UWB radios is investigated. To this end, semi-analytical expressions for the bit-error rate (BER) and frame-error rate (FER) of the coded UWB system are derived. The presented framework is comprehensive in that (i) different methods for generating reliability information (i.e., decoding metrics), (ii) the effects of suboptimal multipath combining, and (iii) coherent and noncoherent reception methods are included. Furthermore, a particularly suited errors-and-erasures RS decoding scheme is devised. The evaluation of the error-rate expressions together with simulation results for realistic UWB channels show that (i) the error-rate approximations are tight over wide ranges of BER and FER, (ii) symbol-wise metrics are clearly advantageous over bit-wise metrics for decoding of the convolutional code, (iii) combining the 5 to 10 strongest multipath components approaches the performance of full combining within 1-2 dB for residential and 3-5 dB for outdoor UWB environments, and (iv) the simplicity of noncoherent detection comes at loss of more than 10 dB in signal-to-noise ratio compared to coherent detection.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure apolipoproteins Al and B secreted by a human hepatic carcinoma cell line (Hep G2) (1992)

We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure apolipoproteins AI and B secreted by Hep G2 cells and in cell homogenates. These assays utilize commercially available polyclonal antibodies, affinity-purified to improve their specificity, thereby achieving a dramatic increase in the sensitivity of the assay. These affinity-purified antibodies were also more sensitive than a series of monoclonal antibodies tested. We achieved a sensitivity of 0.4 ng in the apo AI assay, and a sensitivity of 5 ng in the apo B assay. By these methods, we measured secretion rates by Hep G2 cells of 358 +/- 41 ng/mg cell protein/hr for apo B and 137 +/- 8 ng/mg cell protein/hr for apo AI. These assays also allowed the measurement of intracellular apolipoproteins and thus can be used to facilitate investigations of human lipoprotein metabolism in cell culture systems.
First Total Synthesis of Tubulysin B (2009)

The first total synthesis of tubulysin B is described. The aziridine route to tubuphenylalanine (Tup) of the tubulysin D/U-series could not be transferred to the synthesis of tubutyrosine (blue moiety). Therefore, tubutyrosine (Tut) was synthesized by a Wittig olefination/diastereoselective catalytic reduction sequence. Interestingly, the C-2 epimer of tubulysin B has a cytotoxic activity almost identical to the natural diastereomer.
Fast visibility restoration from a single color or gray level image (2009)

One source of difficulties when processing outdoor images is the presence of haze, fog or smoke which fades the colors and reduces the contrast of the observed objects. We introduce a novel algorithm and variants for visibility restoration from a single image. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm compared with other is its speed: its complexity is a linear function of the number of image pixels only. This speed allows visibility restoration to be applied for the first time within real-time processing applications such as sign, lane-marking and obstacle detection from an in-vehicle camera. Another advantage is the possibility to handle both color images or gray level images since the ambiguity between the presence of fog and the objects with low color saturation is solved by assuming only small objects can have colors with low saturation. The algorithm is controlled only by a few parameters and consists in: atmospheric veil inference, image restoration and smoothing, tone mapping. A comparative study and quantitative evaluation is proposed with a few other state of the art algorithms which demonstrates that similar or better quality results are obtained. Finally, an application is presented to lane-marking extraction in gray level images, illustrating the interest of the approach.
Screening in Semiconductor Nanocrystallites and Its Consequences for Porous Silicon (1995)

Consequences of the modified dielectric properties of semiconductor crystallites are explored. The notion and usefulness of an effective dielectric constant are analyzed using a self-consistent linear screening calculation. The binding energy of hydrogenic impurities is defined and calculated, and it is shown why these are always ionized in porous silicon. Self-energy terms associated with the surface polarization charge are discussed in the context of Coulomb charging effects. Their contribution to exciton binding energies is also determined. Consequences of charging effects on carrier injection in porous silicon are finally considered and shown to be important.
Cytokine- and Pneumocystis carinii- induced L-arginine oxidation by murine and human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. (1992)

Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon gamma stimulated the L-arginine-.NO pathway of murine, but not human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Pneumocystis carinii induced .NO production by both murine and human pulmonary alveolar macrophages suggesting that the parasite stimulates L-arginine oxidation in these cells. The potential anti-Pneumocystis activity of .NO warrants further study.
Large-Scale Content-Based Matching Of Midi And Audio Files. (2015)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (2006)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown aetiology characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary tree. The mean age at diagnosis is 40 years and men are affected twice as often as women. There is a reported annual incidence of PSC of 0.9-1.31/100,000 and point prevalence of 8.5-13.6/100,000. The onset of PSC is usually insidious and many patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis or have mild symptoms only such as fatigue, abdominal discomfort and pruritus In late stages, splenomegaly and jaundice may be a feature. In most, the disease progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure. Cholangiocarcinoma develops in 8-30% of patients. PSC is thought to be immune mediated and is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease, especially ulcerative colitis. The disease is diagnosed on typical cholangiographic and histological findings and after exclusion of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Median survival has been estimated to be 12 years from diagnosis in symptomatic patients. Patients who are asymptomatic at diagnosis, the majority of whom will develop progressive disease, have a survival rate greater than 70% at 16 years after diagnosis. Liver transplantation remains the only effective therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease from PSC, although high dose ursodeoxycholic acid may have a beneficial effect.
Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides. (2000)

The marine bacterium strain 2-40 was isolated from the salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, VA, USA. It is Gram-negative, requires sea salts and is a strict aerobe. It degrades numerous complex polysaccharides and synthesizes eumelanin. By 16S rDNA analysis, the isolate was shown to be a member of the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria, related to Microbulbifer hydrolyticus and to a cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.