gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Relationship Between MMSE-SIC and BI-GDFE Receivers for Large Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Channels (2008)

A minimum mean-square error (MMSE)-based iterative soft interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) receiver has been proposed to mitigate the interferences of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, with reduced complexity as compared to maximum-likelihood (ML) detection. On the other hand, the block-iterative generalized decision-feedback equalizer (BI-GDFE) attains close to the performance of the MMSE-SIC receivers with further reduced complexity. The BI-GDFE, however, requires an accurate estimate of the input-decision correlation (IDC), which is a statistical reliability metric of earlier-made decisions. To date, the BI-GDFE receiver is applicable only to phase-shift-keying (PSK) modulations due to the absence of a method to estimate the IDC for higher order quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs). In this paper, we establish the relationship between the MMSE-SIC and BI-GDFE receivers and propose an algorithm to determine the IDC for BI-GDFE from the unconditional MMSE-SIC (U-MMSE-SIC). We further analyze and compare the asymptotic performances of the two receivers for large random MIMO channels and prove that for the limiting case, the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) at each iteration for both receivers converge in probability to their respective deterministic limits. Our simulation results have shown that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the BI-GDFE receiver with the proposed IDC selection method achieves close to that of the U-MMSE-SIC receiver with similar convergence behavior and reaches the single-user matched filter bound (MFB) with several iterations for high enough signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Interleukin 13 elicits a subset of the activities of its close relative interleukin 4 (1994)

Interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) are two closely related proteins produced by activated T cells. IL-4 is a well characterized mediator of various aspects of the immune response, including anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes and macrophages, regulation of B cell function, T cell growth, and regulation of adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. IL-13, a more recently characterized cytokine, appears to exhibit IL-4-like activities on monocytes, macrophages and human B cells, but has no effect on T cells. While there is a close parallel between IL-4 activities on human and mouse cells, IL-13 activities in these two systems appear to differ substantially with a notable absence of effect on mouse B cells. This review briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge of the interrelated activities of IL-13 and IL-4, explores the basis of these effects at the receptor level and attempts to rationalize the existence of these close relatives via differences in their production by T cells.
On the Nature of the Friction between Nonstick Droplets and Solid Substrates (2010)

The lateral rolling of nonstick water and glycerol droplets deposited on solid substrates inclined at the sliding angles was studied. Droplets deposited on lotuslike water-repellent surfaces and liquid marbles (powder-coated droplets) deposited on solid substrates demonstrated similar behavior. The motion of both droplets and marbles featured friction that is far from Amonton type. The sliding angles of nonstick drops are sensitive to the "history" of a drop on the substrate. The friction of glycerol marbles is governed by viscous dissipation, whereas the rolling of water marbles is dictated by adhesion forces acting within the contact area.
A Scaleable Synthesis of BAY 43-9006:  A Potent Raf Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer (2002)

Urea 3 (BAY 43-9006), a potent Raf kinase inhibitor, was prepared in four steps with an overall yield of 63%. Significant process research enabled isolation of each intermediate and target without chromatographic purification, and overall yield increases >50% were observed compared to those from previous methods. This report focuses on improved synthetic strategies for production of scaled quantities of 3 for preclinical, toxicological studies. These improvements may be useful to assemble other urea targets as potential therapeutic agents to combat cancer.
General Synthetic Method for Si-Fluoresceins and Si-Rhodamines (2017)

The century-old fluoresceins and rhodamines persist as flexible scaffolds for fluorescent and fluorogenic compounds. Extensive exploration of these xanthene dyes has yielded general structure-activity relationships where the development of new probes is limited only by imagination and organic chemistry. In particular, replacement of the xanthene oxygen with silicon has resulted in new red-shifted Si-fluoresceins and Si-rhodamines, whose high brightness and photostability enable advanced imaging experiments. Nevertheless, efforts to tune the chemical and spectral properties of these dyes have been hindered by difficult synthetic routes. Here, we report a general strategy for the efficient preparation of Si-fluoresceins and Si-rhodamines from readily synthesized bis(2-bromophenyl)silane intermediates. These dibromides undergo metal/bromide exchange to give bis-aryllithium or bis(aryl Grignard) intermediates, which can then add to anhydride or ester electrophiles to afford a variety of Si-xanthenes. This strategy enabled efficient (3-5 step) syntheses of known and novel Si-fluoresceins, Si-rhodamines, and related dye structures. In particular, we discovered that previously inaccessible tetrafluorination of the bottom aryl ring of the Si-rhodamines resulted in dyes with improved visible absorbance in solution, and a convenient derivatization through fluoride-thiol substitution. This modular, divergent synthetic method will expand the palette of accessible xanthenoid dyes across the visible spectrum, thereby pushing further the frontiers of biological imaging.
Transmission Dynamics and Prospective Environmental Sampling of Adenovirus in a Military Recruit Setting (2006)

Potential sources of adenovirus transmission among US military recruits included the presence of adenovirus on surfaces in living quarters and extended pharyngeal viral shedding over the course of several days. The introduction of new recruits, who were still shedding adenovirus, into new training groups was documented. Serological screening could identify susceptible recruits for the optimal use of available vaccines. New high-throughput technologies show promise in providing valuable data for clinical and research applications.
The use of dental amalgam--an art or a science? (1993)

Dental amalgam remains the best material for filling teeth when aesthetics are of secondary importance. Over the last 20 years improvements in the composition have reduced marginal failure due to creep and corrosion, and the use of modern adhesives has lead to an early seal between the tooth and the filling. However, the proper handling by the dentists remains as the cornerstone for fillings that are going to last. This article describes the history, classification, structure and handling variables of dental amalgams. It also discusses the effects of extra elements, bonding agents and the possible hazard of mercury.
Activation of nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway by interleukin‐1 after hypoxia/ischemia in neonatal rat hippocampus and cortex (2005)

Perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (HI) is a common cause of neurological deficits in children. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity has been implicated in HI-induced brain damage. However, the mechanisms underlying its action in HI have not been characterized. We used a 7-day-old rat model to elucidate the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in HI stimulation of IL-1 signaling. HI was induced by permanent ligation of the left carotid artery followed by 90 min of hypoxia (7.8% O(2)). Using ELISA assays, we observed increased cell death and caspase 3 activity in hippocampus and cortex 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-HI. IL-1beta protein expression increased, beginning at 3 h after HI and lasting until 24 h post-HI in hippocampus and 12 h post-HI in cortex. Intracerebroventricular injection of 2 microg IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) 2 h after HI significantly reduced cell death and caspase 3 activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses of hippocampus and cortex after HI for NF-kappaB activity showed increased p65/p50 DNA-binding activity at 24 h post-HI. Western blot analyses showed significant nuclear translocation of p65. Protein expression levels of two known inflammatory agents, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase 2, known to be transcriptionally regulated by NF-kappaB, also increased at 24 h after HI. All these HI-induced changes were reversed by IL-1Ra blockade of IL-1 signaling, consistent with IL-1 triggering of inflammatory apoptotic outcomes via NF-kappaB transcriptional activation. The observed increase in cytoplasmic phosphorylated inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) and nuclear translocation of Bcl-3 24 h after HI was also significantly attenuated by IL-1Ra blockade, suggesting that HI-induced IL-1 activation of NF-kappaB is via both the degradation of IkappaBalpha and the nuclear translocation of Bcl-3.
Improved Identification of Epidemiologically Related Strains of Salmonella enterica by use of a Fusion Algorithm Based on Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (2010)

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) are used to assess genetic similarity between bacterial strains. There are cases, however, when neither of these methods quantifies genetic variation at a level of resolution that is well suited for studying the molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens. To improve estimates based on these methods, we propose a fusion algorithm that combines the information obtained from both PFGE and MLVA assays to assess epidemiological relationships. This involves generating distance matrices for PFGE data (Dice coefficients) and MLVA data (single-step stepwise-mutation model) and modifying the relative distances using the two different data types. We applied the algorithm to a set of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates collected from a wide range of sampling dates, locations, and host species. All three classification methods (PFGE only, MLVA only, and fusion) produced a similar pattern of clustering relative to groupings of common phage types, with the fusion results being slightly better. We then examined a group of serovar Newport isolates collected over a limited geographic and temporal scale and showed that the fusion of PFGE and MLVA data produced the best discrimination of isolates relative to a collection site (farm). Our analysis shows that the fusion of PFGE and MLVA data provides an improved ability to discriminate epidemiologically related isolates but provides only minor improvement in the discrimination of less related isolates.
Purification and characterization of an insulin-like growth factor II variant from human plasma (1989)

An insulin-like growth factor II variant (IGF-II variant) was purified from Cohn fraction IV1 of human plasma by ion exchange, gel filtration, and reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The amino-terminal sequence of the first 35 amino acid residues showed a replacement of Ser-29 of IGF-II with the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Pro-Gly of IGF-II variant. Peptides isolated and sequenced after digestion with endoproteinase Asp-N and endoproteinase Glu-C disclosed no differences with the sequence predicted from an IGF-II variant cDNA clone isolated by Jansen, M., van Shaik, F. M. A., van Tol, H., Van den Brande, J. L., and Sussenbach, J. S. (1985) FEBS Lett., 179, 243-246. The molecular ion of intact IGF-II variant was 7809.4 mass units, as measured by plasma desorption mass spectrometry. This is in close agreement with the molecular ion of 7812.8 mass units calculated from the determined sequence and indicates the entire amino acid sequence had been accounted for. Binding of IGF-II variant to purified insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors demonstrated a 2-3-fold lower affinity for this receptor compared with IGF-I or IGF-II. The dissociation constants for IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-II variant are 0.23, 0.38, and 0.80 nM, respectively. In a growth assay, the concentration of IGF-II and IGF-II variant required to stimulate the half-maximal growth of MCF-7 cells was 4 and 13 nM, respectively. Finally, the amount of IGF-II variant that can be purified by this method constitutes approximately 25% of the total IGF-II isolated from Cohn fraction IV1 of human plasma.
STANDARD TRANSLATION OF SOME BASIC TECHNICAL TERMS OF ZHENJIU(ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION) (1992)

The Hongkong meeting in 1985 dis-cussed and approved 8 standard Englishnomenclature of the basic technical terms ofZhenjiu(See page 5 of pamphlet:StandardAcupuncture Nomenclature—Part 2).These 8 standard technical terms withEnglish translation is far from enough tosuit the increasing needs of international a-cademic exchanges on Zhenjiu.From 1975to 1989,more than 2,000 doctors from over120 countries and regions studied Zhenjiu inthe three International Zhenjiu Training
Simple Solution-Phase Synthesis of Soluble CdS and CdSe Nanorods (2000)

Transmission electron photograph shows a single CdS nanorod. The nanorod was synthesized via arrested precipitation from cadmium and sulfur ions in a micellar solution. The photograph exhibits clear lattice planes and faceted structures on the tip of the nanorod.
New developments in the management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2012)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is potentially curable. Immunochemotherapy, R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) is the standard of care. This regimen has been incorporated in other approaches and reevaluated in different trials in different age groups. The duration of cycle therapy has varied from 14 to 21 days. In addition, R-ACVBP has been evaluated in randomized trials. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. Ongoing studies are evaluating new regimens such as EPOCH-R and novel maintenance therapy approaches in the upfront management of DLBCL. In the relapse and refractory setting, autologous stem cell transplantation remains the standard of care with treatment with R-ICE or R-DHAP followed by different conditioning regimens prior to ASCT. The outcomes of patients who relapse following ASCT are improving with the treatment of new agents targeting different pathways such as lenalidomide. New monoclonal antibodies are under evaluation. The Bruton s tyrosine kinase inhibitor is in early stages of development. Targeted therapy has changed the natural history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Past microarray and new DLBCL hypersequencing data are revealing new pathways and targets to further explore therapeutically. This review will describe the contribution of immunochemotherapy and other interventions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma evaluating past clinical trials, review early clinical trial observations, and discuss current future directions.
Room Temperature Superconductors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoom Temperature SuperconductorsArthur W. SleightCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 3, 103–108Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00051a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00051a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1251Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ring Transformation of Uracils to 2-Pyridones. Hydrolysis of 6-(2-dimethylaminovinyl)uracils (1978)

Hydrolysis of 1,3-disubstituted 6-(Z-dimethylamino-viny1)uracil derivatives (I) in aqueous sodium hydroxide caused a novel ring transformation giving 2-pyridone(I1) along with 4-methylenepyrimidine(I1I) or the degradation product (IV or V).It has been already known1 that uracils undergo ring contractions upon treatment with some kinds of nucleophiles.For example, hydrazinolysis of uracil and thymine affords 3-pyrazolone and 4-methyl-3-pyrazolone, respectively.2In our previous 3 paper we also reported that 5-bromo-6-methyluracils underwent ring contraction into hydantoins upon treatment with alkylamines.In this communication we describe a new type of ring transformation giving 2-pyridones by hydrolysis of 6-(Z-di-
DNA Vaccines (1998)

DNA vaccination against infectious diseases has created a new field of applied molecular immunology. cDNAs for 'protective' protein epitopes can be inserted into vectors containing strong mammalian promoters for high expression. Here we discuss the mechanisms of DNA vaccination and the successful and sometimes unsuccessful applications of DNA vaccination to protect animals against many different viral, bacterial mycoplasmal, protozoal, and worm infections or infestations. DNA immunization has been used to prevent or inhibit tumor development and to inhibit IgE responses by diverting the immune response from Th2 to Th1 helper cell dominance. Advantages and disadvantages of a variety of routes of administration and methods of immunization discussed include the use of the 'gene gun', the delivery of genes by aerosols, and deliberate induction of injury to muscles prior to injection of DNA to enhance gene expression. Vaccination performed using DNA without knowing beforehand the protective epitopes, using 'expression library immunization', is discussed. While this field is bound to expand rapidly for future clinical applications, we try to point out potential pitfalls as well as advantages of this relatively new technology.
Characterization of ylbF, a new gene involved in competence development and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (2000)

We used mini Tn10 transposition to generate a library of Bacillus subtilis insertion mutants, with the goal of identifying and characterizing new competence genes. Two new regulatory genes were identified in our screen: ypuN (also known as rsiX, the anti-sigmaX factor) and ylbF. The disruption of ylbF leads to a dramatic decrease in the expression of comK, encoding the competence transcription factor. Our data show that ylbF positively controls ComK at a post-transcriptional level. It has been reported previously that ComK is degraded in vivo and in vitro by a multimeric protein complex composed of ClpP, ClpC and MecA. This proteolysis is inhibited by the ComS peptide. We show that both the overexpression of comS and the inactivation of mecA individually suffice to bypass the competence phenotype of the ylbF mutation. This mutation does not seem to alter the cellular concentrations of MecA or ClpP, and we propose a role for YlbF in modulating the translation, stability or activity of ComS. In addition to its role in competence, ylbF also appears to regulate sporulation by acting before stage II.
Strain-independent temperature measurement using a type-I and type-IIA optical fiber Bragg grating combination (2004)

A simple and effective technique for strain-independent temperature measurement has been demonstrated using the peak wavelengths of both type-I and type-IIA fiber Bragg gratings written without hydrogen loading in the same fiber, this having been specially fabricated with a high concentration of germanium in the core composition. The device is also capable of monitoring strain and temperature simultaneously and can be used to measure temperature over the range of 25–300 °C with a strain range of 0–500 με, achieving a temperature-dependent sensitivity of 0.53 and 0.31 pm/°C for strain-independent temperature measurement with root mean square errors of 2.4 and 4.1 °C at 25 and 300 °C, respectively.
[The establishment of the individual model libraries for stomatognathic system]. (2004)

The established models have a satisfied geometric configuration, it will be more suitable for the research and clinic works if uses the individual FE models.
Recombinant low-seroprevalent adenoviral vectors Ad26 and Ad35 expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein induce protective immunity against RSV infection in cotton rats (2015)

RSV is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, the elderly and in those with underlying medical conditions. Although the high disease burden indicates an urgent need for a vaccine against RSV, no licensed RSV vaccine is currently available. We developed an RSV vaccine candidate based on the low-seroprevalent human adenovirus serotypes 26 and 35 (Ad26 and Ad35) encoding the RSV fusion (F) gene. Single immunization of mice with either one of these vectors induced high titers of RSV neutralizing antibodies and high levels of F specific interferon-gamma-producing T cells. A Th1-type immune response was indicated by a high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of RSV-specific antibodies, strong induction of RSV-specific interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine producing CD8 Tcells, and low RSV-specific CD4 T-cell induction. Both humoral and cellular responses were increased upon a boost with RSV-F expressing heterologous adenovirus vector (Ad35 boost after Ad26 prime or vice versa). Both single immunization and prime-boost immunization of cotton rats induced high and long-lasting RSV neutralizing antibody titers and protective immunity against lung and nasal RSV A2 virus load up to at least 30 weeks after immunization. Cotton rats were also completely protected against challenge with a RSV B strain (B15/97) after heterologous prime-boost immunization. Lungs from vaccinated animals showed minimal damage or inflammatory infiltrates post-challenge, in contrast to animals vaccinated with formalin-inactivated virus. Our results suggest that recombinant human adenoviral Ad26 and Ad35 vectors encoding the RSV F gene have the potential to provide broad and durable protection against RSV in humans, and appear safe to be investigated in infants.