gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Man-made noise in our living environments (2010)

The ITU’s (International Telecommunication Union’s) man-made noise levels are based on measurements performed in the 1970s. Some measurements have been carried out since then, showing that noise caused by automotive ignition systems has been reduced, but manmade noise in business areas and city centers increased, especially due to the widespread use of electronic systems. The interference scenario also changed, from analog communication systems in relatively free-space conditions, to digital systems in living areas, often semi-enclosed such as offi ces, industrial production plants, and even inside cars and trains. Several measurements have therefore been carried out to estimate the level of man-made noise in these semi-enclosed environments.
Increased ABCA1 activity protects against atherosclerosis (2002)

The ABC transporter ABCA1 plays a key role in the first steps of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by mediating lipid efflux from macrophages. Previously, it was demonstrated that human ABCA1 overexpression in vivo in transgenic mice results in a mild elevation of plasma HDL levels and increased efflux of cholesterol from macrophages. In this study, we determined the effect of overexpression of ABCA1 on atherosclerosis development. Human ABCA1 transgenic mice (BAC+) were crossed with ApoE–/– mice, a strain that spontaneously develop atherosclerotic lesions. BAC+ApoE–/– mice developed dramatically smaller, less-complex lesions as compared with their ApoE–/– counterparts. In addition, there was increased efflux of cholesterol from macrophages isolated from the BAC+ApoE–/– mice. Although the increase in plasma HDL cholesterol levels was small, HDL particles from BAC+ApoE–/– mice were significantly better acceptors of cholesterol. Lipid analysis of HDL particles from BAC+ApoE–/– mice revealed an increase in phospholipid levels, which was correlated significantly with their ability to enhance cholesterol efflux.
Outcome after treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis Results from a systematic review using meta-analysis techniques (2003)

Treatment of in-stent restenosis is associated with an overall 30% rate of major adverse cardiac events. Currently, repeat angioplasty is the treatment option of choice, especially when a sufficient acute procedural result can be achieved. Intracoronary radiation should be considered in cases with therapy refractory forms of diffuse in-stent restenosis.
Advances in genetic engineering for plants abiotic stress control (2011)

Agricultural productivity is highly influenced by abiotic stresses, known as the most harmful factor concerning the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Furthermore, industrial crops are nowadays highly influenced by abiotic stress; these include extremes in temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals and radiation. Typical studies were discussed by many researchers about the control of abiotic stress in plants by the expression, over-expression or switching off abiotic stress-related genes. Despite the rapid evolution of the research, some crops are still expected to decline by 15 to 32% in the next fifty years. Consequently, engineering genes that protect and maintain the function and structure of cellular components can enhance tolerance to stress. This review presents principal methods adapted in the control of plants abiotic stresses including recent advances in using transgenes for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Specified analysis of recent advances in abiotic stress control could describe trehalose as a better compound in the control of plant abiotic stresses. Therefore, studies of genes-related trehalose metabolism and associated patterns could not only provide an improved plant metabolism, phenotypes and texture, but in fact, the plants become highly resistant to abiotic stress. Key words: Abiotic stresses, crops, expression, over-expression, switching off, trehalose, genes-related.
Subfield‐specific immediate early gene expression associated with hippocampal long‐term potentiation in vivo (2001)

It is not known whether NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is mediated by similar molecular mechanisms in different hippocampal areas. To address this question we have investigated changes in immediate early gene and protein expression in two hippocampal subfields following the induction of LTP in vivo and in vitro. In granule cells of the dentate gyrus, LTP induced in vivo by tetanic stimulation of the perforant path was followed by strong induction of the immediate early genes (IEGs) Zif268, Arc and Homer. The increase in Zif268 mRNA was accompanied by an increase in protein expression. In contrast, we were unable to detect modulation of the IEGs Zif268, Arc, Homer and HB-GAM following induction of LTP by high-frequency stimulation of the commissural projection to CA1 pyramidal cells in vivo. In this pathway, we also failed to detect modulation of Zif268 protein levels. Zif268, Arc and Homer can be modulated in CA1 pyramidal cells approximately twofold after electroshock-induced maximal seizure, which demonstrates potential responsiveness to electrical stimuli. When LTP was induced in vitro neither CA1 pyramidal cells nor granule cells showed an increase in Zif268, Arc or Homer mRNA. However, in the slice preparation, granule cells have a different transcriptional state as basal IEG levels are elevated. These results establish the existence of subfield-specific transcriptional responses to LTP-inducing stimulation in the hippocampus of the intact animal, and demonstrate that in area CA1-enhanced transcription of Zif268, Arc and Homer is not required for the induction of late LTP.
Structure-property relationships of polyacetylene/polybutadiene blends (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-property relationships of polyacetylene/polybutadiene blendsMichael F. Rubner, Sukant K. Tripathy, J. Georger Jr., and P. CholewaCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 6, 870–875Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00240a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00240a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced expression of TGF-β and c-fos mRNAs in the growth plates of developing human long bones (1988)

The expression of mRNAs for type I and type II procollagens, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and c-fos was studied in developing human long bones by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. The cells producing bone and cartilage matrix were identified by hybridizations using cDNA probes for types I and II collagen, respectively. Northern blotting revealed that the highest levels of TGF-beta mRNA were associated with the growth plates. By in situ hybridization, this mRNA was localized predominantly in the osteoblasts and osteoclasts of the developing bone, in periosteal fibroblasts and in individual bone marrow cells. These findings are consistent with the view that TGF-beta may have a role in stimulation of type I collagen production and bone formation. Only a low level of TGF-beta mRNA was detected in cartilage where type II collagen mRNA is abundant. In Northern hybridization, the highest levels of c-fos mRNA were detected in epiphyseal cartilage. In situ hybridization revealed two cell types with high levels of c-fos expression: the chondrocytes bordering the joint space and the osteoclasts of developing bone. These differential expression patterns suggest specific roles for TGF-beta and c-fos in osseochondral development.
Stimulus-Responsive Liquid Marbles (2009)

Millimeter-sized "liquid marbles" are usually prepared using highly hydrophobic particles such as fluorosilane-treated lycopodium powder or alkylated silica sols. In the present work it is shown that "liquid marbles" can be prepared using sterically stabilized polystyrene latex; remarkably, such latex particles can be readily prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization using a well-defined styrene-functionalized poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) macromonomer as a reactive steric stabilizer. The macromonomer stabilizer chains are water-soluble when partially protonated below their pK(a) of approximately 7.0 but become sufficiently hydrophobic in their deprotonated form to allow formation of robust "liquid marbles" that remain stable when placed at the air/water interface. Moreover, the stabilizer chains confer pH-responsive behavior on the "liquid marbles"; addition of acid to the aqueous subphase causes immediate destruction of the "liquid marble".
Fuzzy logic flowers in Japan (1992)

Fuzzy logic is briefly explained, and its use in controllers is described. Further theoretical development and commercial implementation of these ideas in Japan is surveyed. Work progress in domains other than control is indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stimulation of Hepatocyte Glucose Metabolism by Novel Small Molecule Glucokinase Activators (2004)

Glucokinase (GK) has a major role in the control of blood glucose homeostasis and is a strong potential target for the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes. We report here the mechanism of action of two novel and potent direct activators of GK: 6-[(3-isobutoxy-5-isopropoxybenzoyl)amino]nicotinic acid(GKA1) and 5-([3-isopropoxy-5-[2-(3-thienyl)ethoxy]benzoyl]amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylic acid(GKA2), which increase the affinity of GK for glucose by 4- and 11-fold, respectively. GKA1 increased the affinity of GK for the competitive inhibitor mannoheptulose but did not affect the affinity for the inhibitors palmitoyl-CoA and the endogenous 68-kDa regulator (GK regulatory protein [GKRP]), which bind to allosteric sites or to N-acetylglucosamine, which binds to the catalytic site. In hepatocytes, GKA1 and GKA2 stimulated glucose phosphorylation, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis to a similar extent as sorbitol, a precursor of fructose 1-phosphate, which indirectly activates GK through promoting its dissociation from GKRP. Consistent with their effects on isolated GK, these compounds also increased the affinity of hepatocyte metabolism for glucose. GKA1 and GKA2 caused translocation of GK from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This effect was additive with the effect of sorbitol and is best explained by a "glucose-like" effect of the GK activators in translocating GK to the cytoplasm. In conclusion, GK activators are potential antihyperglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes through the stimulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by a mechanism independent of GKRP.
RELATION OF CHEMICAL ATTACHMENT TO PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF VASOPRESSIN (1960)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Making Sense of Antisense (1991)

Out in the San Joaquin Valley of California grows a field of tomato plants that look like ordinary tomato plants. But these tomatoes are special - one of the first fruits of a new technology that may revolutionize not just commercial plant development but human medicine as well. The new technology uses novel RNAs, called antisense RNAs, to block the activity of specific genes. At first, researchers were mainly interested in antisense RNA as a tool for probing gene function. In the late 1970s, when the technology was first developed, molecular biologists didn't have a good way of mutating genes in the cells of higher organisms so that they could see what happens when the gene activity is lost. Antisense technology, in effect, provided a way of doing that. But the biotechnology industry soon recognized the immense practical potential of a technique that could be used to knock out the activity of bad genes. To make the tomato plants, for example, plant scientists used antisense RNAs to shut off the expression of the gene encoding an enzyme that makes tomatoes mushy, thereby yielding a product that may travel better and last longer on grocery shelves. Recent work by various labsmore » suggests that it may be possible to design antisense compounds that inhibit the activity of viral genes or of the oncogenes thought to contribute to cancer development, without affecting normal cellular genes. That raises the possibility that the technology might aid in producing better, more selective drugs to treat viral diseases, including AIDS, and cancer.« less
Aging-related satellite cell differentiation defect occurs prematurely after Ski-induced muscle hypertrophy (2002)

To investigate the cause of skeletal muscle weakening during aging we examined the sequence of cellular changes in murine muscles. Satellite cells isolated from single muscle fibers terminally differentiate progressively less well with increasing age of donor. This change is detected before decline in satellite cell numbers and all histological changes examined here. In MSVski transgenic mice, which show type IIb fiber hypertrophy, initial muscle weakness is followed by muscle degeneration in the first year of life. This degeneration is accompanied by a spectrum of changes typical of normal muscle aging and a more marked decline in satellite cell differentiation efficiency. On a myoD-null genetic background, in which satellite cell differentiation is defective, the MSVski muscle phenotype is aggravated. This suggests that, on a wild-type genetic background, satellite cells are capable of repairing MSVski fibers and preserving muscle integrity in early life. We propose that decline in myogenic cell differentiation efficiency is an early event in aging-related loss of muscle function, both in normal aging and in some late-onset muscle degenerative conditions.
PP.15.09 (2015)

Objective: To assess the rates of controlled hypertension as per the 2009 Reappraisal of the 2007 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) guidelines. Design and method: International, non-interventional, cross-sectional survey conducted across five non-European countries (Algeria, Pakistan, Ukraine, Egypt and Venezuela) from November 2012 to September 2013. Physicians recruited consecutive adult patients previously diagnosed with hypertension and those who were under antihypertensive drug treatment managed by the physician. Written consent was obtained from the participating patient. The rates of controlled hypertension according to physician perception, type of therapy and risk factors and the criteria linked to poor blood pressure (BP) control were evaluated. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Of 2185 hypertensive adults surveyed, 40.1% patients had controlled hypertension according to guidelines (i.e. in patients aged <80 years: BP less or equal to139/85 mmHg; in patients aged more than 80 years: systolic BP<150 mmHg; in patients with renal impairment: BP<130/80 mmHg). A marked divergence in the rates of controlled hypertension as assessed by physicians and guidelines was observed (Figure). Presence of high/very high risks (taking into account the number of BP measurements, risk factors and associated diseases) was linked to poor BP control. High salt intake (29%; odds ratio [OR]:9.94), treatment non-adherence (27%; OR:7.32), lack of understanding the treatment's importance (25%; OR:4.95), comorbidity (13%) and depression (9%; OR:10.50) were important reasons for not achieving hypertension control.Conclusions: Addition of another drug was the most frequent medication change prescribed. Poor rates of BP control warrant interventions to improve implementation of guidelines using strategies such as treatment intensification and use of fixed dose combinations.
Depression in Parkinson's Disease (1996)

Depression occurs in 40% to 50% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. From research over the last decade, this co-occurrence appears to be more than an emotional reaction to disability. Replacement of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, benefits the PD motor functions, and the neurotransmitter, serotonin, in antidepressants, reduces depressive symptoms. However, identification of the physiological linkage between PD and depression continues to evade research efforts.
The cpr5 mutant of Arabidopsis expresses both NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent resistance. (1997)

The cpr5 mutant was identified from a screen for constitutive expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This single recessive mutation also leads to spontaneous expression of chlorotic lesions and reduced trichome development. The cpr5 plants were found to be constitutively resistant to two virulent pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326 and Peronospora parasitica Noco2; to have endogenous expression of the pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1); and to have an elevated level of salicylic acid (SA). Lines homozygous for cpr5 and either the SA-degrading bacterial gene nahG or the SA-insensitive mutation npr1 do not express PR-1 or exhibit resistance to P. s. maculicola ES4326. Therefore, we conclude that cpr5 acts upstream of SA in inducing SAR. However, the cpr5 npr1 plants retained heightened resistance to P. parasitica Noco2 and elevated expression of the defensin gene PDF1.2, implying that NPR1-independent resistance signaling also occurs. We conclude that the cpr5 mutation leads to constitutive expression of both an NPR1-dependent and an NPR1-independent SAR pathway. Identification of this mutation indicates that these pathways are connected in early signal transduction steps and that they have overlapping functions in providing resistance.
Dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles: New synthetic and characterization methods and catalytic applications (2011)

In this article we describe the synthesis, characterization, and applications of dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). These materials are synthesized using a template approach in which metal ions are extracted into the interior of dendrimers and then subsequently reduced chemically to yield nearly size-monodisperse particles having diameters in the 1–2 nm range. Monometallic, bimetallic (alloy and core@shell), and semiconductor nanoparticles have been prepared by this route. The dendrimer component of these composites serves not only as a template for preparing the nanoparticle replica, but also as a stabilizer for the nanoparticle. In this perspective, we report on progress in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of these materials since our last review in 2005. Significant advances in the synthesis of core@shell DENs, characterization, and applications to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis (including electrocatalysis) are emphasized.
Regulation of hepatic fat and glucose oxidation in rats with lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance (2011)

These studies demonstrate that the combination of both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia are required to increase V(PDH) /V(TCA) flux in vivo and that this flux is severely diminished in rats with chronic lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
Automatic extraction of the control flow machine and application to evaluating coverage of verification vectors (2002)

Simulation is still the primary, although inadequate, resource for verifying the conformity of a design to its functional specification. Fortunately, most errors in the early stages of design involve only the control flow in the circuit. We define the functional coverage of a given sequence of verification vectors as the amount of control behavior exercised by them. We present a novel technique for automatically extracting the control flow of a design on the basis of the underlying mathematical model. Significantly, this extraction is independent of the circuit description style. The Extracted Control Flow Machine (ECFM) is then used for estimation of functional coverage and to provide information that will help the designer improve the quality of his or her tests.
Fetal Fraction Estimate in Twin Pregnancies Using Directed Cell-Free DNA Analysis (2013)

The study demonstrates the feasibility of an approach for cfDNA testing in twin pregnancies. This involves estimation of total FF in monozygotic twins and estimation of the lower FF of the 2 fetuses in dizygotic twins.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant biology (2017)

The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) system was first identified in bacteria and archaea and can degrade exogenous substrates. It was developed as a gene editing technology in 2013. Over the subsequent years, it has received extensive attention owing to its easy manipulation, high efficiency, and wide application in gene mutation and transcriptional regulation in mammals and plants. The process of CRISPR/Cas is optimized constantly and its application has also expanded dramatically. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas is considered a revolutionary technology in plant biology. Here, we introduce the mechanism of the type II CRISPR/Cas called CRISPR/Cas9, update its recent advances in various applications in plants, and discuss its future prospects to provide an argument for its use in the study of medicinal plants.
Neurone‐Specific Enolase and Creatine Phosphokinase Are Protein Components of Rat Brain Synaptic Plasma Membranes (1983)

Neuron-specific enolase and creatine phosphokinase were found, by 2-dimensional gel analysis, in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). The identity of these enzymes was confirmed by comigration with purified rat brain NSE and CPK and by peptide analysis. The specific enzymatic activities of enolase and creatine phosphokinase, as well as of pyruvate kinase, also present on the membranes, were comparable to those in the homogenates when these three enzymes were fully activated. In the SPM all three enzymes, particularly enolase, were partially cryptic in that enzymatic activities were very low unless the membranes were treated with Triton X-100. They were resistant to both low-salt and high-salt extraction and to trypsin, except when Triton X-100 was present. These results suggest that the enzymes are tightly bound protein components of the membrane and that they may constitute an assembly capable of generating ATP.
Diffraction imaging for fracture detection: synthetic case study (2010)

Identification of small scale subsurface object (such as faults, pinchouts, karsts, fractures etc.) from seismic data is based usually on in‐direct characteristics of the wavefield, i.e. visual discontinuity of reflectors or presents of anisotropy. At the same time the seismic response from these structural elements is encoded in diffractions. The main difficulty to use diffracted energy is its weakness compared to the reflected one. Therefore diffractions should be separated from reflections before imaging. In this study we present procedures for reflection‐diffraction separation and diffraction imaging, and illustrate the feasibility of the proposed technique on realistic models.