gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube adsorbed on a hydrogenated Si-richβ−SiC(100)(3×2)surface: First-principles pseudopotential calculations (2006)

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCN's) have attracted scientific interest as a result of their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. Metallic SWCN's can carry electrical current due to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons propagating along their graphitelike surface. This work theoretically considers the effects resulting from the possibility of connecting nanotubes to a partially hydrogenated Si-rich $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}(100)$ $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ surface. This is done with the perspective that they can improve the metallic character of the surface. Calculations were performed using a first-principles pseudopotential methodology within the density-functional theory and local-density approximation. Results indicates the formation of a covalent bond between nanotube carbon atoms and surface silicon atoms. The structural and electronic properties of this theoretical system are presented and comparison with previous calculations for related systems is also done.
B7-H1 Is Expressed by Human Endothelial Cells and Suppresses T Cell Cytokine Synthesis (2002)

Abstract Human endothelial cells (ECs) provide costimulatory signals sufficient to activate resting memory T cells to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ, at least in part through CD58-CD2 interactions. Recently, the B7-like molecule, B7-H1 (PD-L1), was described and shown to regulate T cell activation; however, there are conflicting reports on whether it stimulates or inhibits T cell cytokine synthesis. B7-H1 is not expressed constitutively by ECs; however, it is rapidly induced by IFN-γ, and synergistically by IFN-γ and TNF. In inflamed skin, B7-H1 is expressed by a subset of microvessels, and by keratinocytes, but is barely detectable in normal skin. Blocking the interaction of EC-expressed B7-H1 with its T cell ligand, programmed death-1 (PD-1), using a PD-1-Fc fusion protein, or by blocking B7-H1 expression with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, augments expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, implicating B7-H1 as a negative regulator of cytokine synthesis. However, signaling through PD-1 does not affect induction of the activation markers CD25 or CD69 on T cells, suggesting that its effects are specific to cytokine synthesis. The suppressive effects of B7-H1 on cytokine expression are proportional to the strength of the primary stimulus, allowing for B7-H1 to determine the level of T cell activation in response to ECs. Our results demonstrate that B7-H1 negatively regulates cytokine synthesis in T cells activated by ECs.
Video compression using context-based adaptive arithmetic coding (2002)

A new entropy coding scheme for video compression is presented. Context models are utilized for efficient prediction of the coding symbols. A novel binary adaptive arithmetic coding technique is employed to match the conditional entropy of the coding symbols given the context model estimates. The adaptation is also employed to keep track of non-stationary symbol statistics. Our new approach has been integrated into the current ITU-T H.26L test model (TML) to demonstrate the performance gain. By using our new entropy coding scheme instead of the variable length code approach of the current TML, large bit-rate savings up to 32% can be achieved. As a remarkable outcome of our experiments, we observed that high gains are reached not only at high bit-rates, but also at very low rates.
A missense mutation in exon 4 of the human adenosine deaminase gene causes severe combined immunodeficiency (1993)

Journal Article A missense mutation in exon 4 of the human adenosine deaminase gene causes severe combined immunodeficiency Get access Ulus Atasoy, Ulus Atasoy Department of Pediatrics and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Colette J. Norby-Slycord, Colette J. Norby-Slycord Department of Pediatrics and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.Louise Markert M.Louise Markert * Department of Pediatrics and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1307–1308, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.8.1307 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 24 May 1993 Accepted: 11 June 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Immunokinetics in severe pneumonia due to influenza virus and bacteria coinfection in mice (2004)

Coinfections of bacteria and influenza are a major cause of excessive mortality during influenza epidemics. However, the mechanism of the synergy between influenza virus and bacteria are poorly understood. In this study, mice were inoculated with influenza virus, followed 2 days later by inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The kinetics of viral titres, bacterial numbers and the immune response (cytokine and chemokine production) were also analysed. Short-term survival correlated with pathological changes in the lungs of infected mice. Influenza virus or S. pneumoniae infection alone induced moderate pneumonia; however, severe bronchopneumonia with massive haemorrhage in coinfected mice, which caused death of these mice approximately 2 days after inoculation with S. pneumoniae, was noted. Intrapulmonary levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, type-1 T-helper cell cytokines and Toll-like receptors, and the related mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling molecules (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase -1 and - 2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase), were increased in coinfected mice. These results suggest that immune mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, through Toll-like receptors/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, play important roles in the pathology of coinfection caused by influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
In vivo and in vitro regulation of erythropoietin mRNA: measurement by competitive polymerase chain reaction (1993)

The regulation of erythropoietin (Epo) production was investigated by competitive polymerase chain reaction, a highly sensitive and accurate means of measuring Epo mRNA levels. Co-amplification of the test sample with added mutant Epo cDNA template corrects for variability in the efficiency of amplification. Epo mRNA levels were determined in tissues of normal rats and in animals with varying degrees of anemia. Reduction of the hematocrit level from 0.40 to 0.15–0.20 resulted in a 300-fold increase in kidney Epo mRNA, which comprised 80% of the total Epo mRNA versus 20% from the liver. In contrast, very low levels detected in lung and spleen were not significantly increased by anemia. The human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, secretes high levels of Epo in response to hypoxia. This regulation is, to a large extent, transcriptional. When Hep3B cells were incubated in the presence of decreasing O2 tension from 160 to 7 mm Hg, there was a monotonic increase in Epo mRNA to 50 to 100 times the normoxic level. Hyperoxia did not suppress basal expression. When cells were incubated at a PO2 of 7 mm Hg, induction of Epo mRNA was first noted at 30 minutes and was maximal at 5 to 6 hours. After Epo mRNA was boosted by a 4-hour hypoxic incubation, cells were then exposed to normoxia, which shut off further transcription of the Epo gene. The decay of Epo mRNA levels closely followed first order kinetics with a half-life of 2 hours, an effective measurement of message stability.
Adaptive coded modulation for fading channels (1998)

We apply coset codes to adaptive modulation in fading channels. Adaptive modulation is a powerful technique to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel. Coset codes are a natural choice to use with adaptive modulation since the channel coding and modulation designs are separable. Therefore, trellis and lattice codes designed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels can be superimposed on adaptive modulation for fading channels, with the same approximate coding gains. We first describe the methodology for combining coset codes with a general class of adaptive modulation techniques. We then apply this methodology to a spectrally efficient adaptive M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) to obtain trellis-coded adaptive MQAM. We present analytical and simulation results for this design which show an effective coding gain of 3 dB relative to uncoded adaptive MQAM for a simple four-state trellis code, and an effective 3.6-dB coding gain for an eight-state trellis code. More complex trellis codes are shown to achieve higher gains. We also compare the performance of trellis-coded adaptive MQAM to that of coded modulation with built-in time diversity and fixed-rate modulation. The adaptive method exhibits a power savings of up to 20 dB.
Evidence for a juvenile hormone receptor involved in protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (1990)

The larval fat body of newly eclosed adults of Drosophila melanogaster was found to contain a single major binding protein specific for juvenile hormone (JH). Binding to this protein was saturable, of high affinity, and specific for JH III. The protein has a subunit molecular weight (Mr) of 85,000, as determined by photoaffinity labeling. The same or similar JH-binding protein was found in larval fat body and cuticle of third instar larvae and in male accessory glands and heads of newly eclosed adults. It was not found in several other tissues in adults. Male accessory gland cytosol from wild-type flies was found to contain a single binder with a dissociation constant (KD) of 6.7 nM for JH III; a binder in similar preparations from the methoprene-tolerant (Met) mutant had a KD value 6-fold higher. JH III stimulated protein synthesis in glands cultured in vitro, but this effect was reduced in Met flies as compared to wild-type flies, establishing a correlation between JH binding and biological activity of the hormone. In addition, glandular protein accumulation during the first 2 days of adult development was less in Met flies than in wild-type flies. These results strongly suggest that the binding protein we have identified mediates this JH effect in male accessory glands and thus is acting as a JH receptor.
Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary type of liver cancer, and both the age-adjusted incidence and mortality of HCC have steadily increased in recent years. Advanced HCC is associated with a very poor survival rate. Despite accumulating data regarding the risk factors for HCC, the mechanisms that contribute to HCC tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Signaling through the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is involved in fibrosis and its progression to cirrhosis of the liver, which is a risk factor for the development of HCC. Furthermore, several alterations in FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling correlate with the outcomes of HCC patients, suggesting that signaling through this family of proteins contributes to the development or progression of HCC tumors. Currently, there are no established systemic treatments for patients with advanced HCC in whom sorafenib treatment has failed or who were unable to tolerate it. Recently, several multikinase inhibitors that target FGFRs have demonstrated some early evidence of antitumor activity in phase I/II trials. Therefore, this review discusses the molecular implications of FGFR-mediated signaling in HCC and summarizes the clinical evidence for novel FGFR-targeted therapies for HCC currently being studied in clinical trials.
Variant sublines of early-stage human melanomas selected for tumorigenicity in nude mice express a multicytokine-resistant phenotype. (1994)

Surgical removal of early-stage radial growth phase or vertical growth phase primary cutaneous human melanomas usually results in cure of the disease. Hence there are few examples of genetically-related paired human melanoma cell lines for study in which one member of the pair is from a curable early-stage lesion and the partner is a more aggressive malignant variant. A rapid method of obtaining such variants is described. It consists of injecting cells from established early-stage radial growth phase or vertical growth phase melanoma cell lines--which are normally non- or poorly tumorigenic in nude mice--into such hosts, where the cell inoculum is co-mixed with Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane extract. This resulted in the rapid formation of progressively growing solid tumors from which permanent cell lines were established. Subsequently, the sublines were found to be frankly tumorigenic upon retransplantation into new nude mouse hosts in the absence of Matrigel co-injection. This process was repeated a second time, resulting in the isolation of secondary sublines, manifesting a stepwise increase in tumorigenic properties. The tumorigenic variant sublines were examined for their relative sensitivity to a panel of different cytokines that are normally growth inhibitory for melanoma cells from early-stage primary lesions. All the sublines were found to express an increased resistance to the cytokines transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and did so in a stable manner. Thus the results support the hypothesis that a progressive multicytokine resistance accompanies the progression of human melanoma. The availability of such related sublines should provide a valuable resource to help study the changes associated with, and perhaps causative of, disease progression in human malignant melanomas.
Effects of Notch Size on Strength Distribution of Ceramic Components (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Advances in Cooperative Multi-Sensor Video Surveillance (1999)

Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the Sarnoff Corporation (Sarnoff) are performing an integrated feasibility demonstration of Video Surveillance and Monitoring (VSAM). The objective is to develop a cooperative, multi-sensor video surveillance system that provides continuous coverage over battlefield areas. Significant achievements have been demonstrated during VSAM Demo I in November 1997, and in the intervening year leading up to Demo II in October 1998. 1 Introduction The thrust of the VSAM Integrated Feasibility Demonstration (IFD) research program is cooperative multi-sensor surveillance to support enhanced battlefield awareness [ Kanade et al., 1997 ] . We are developing automated video understanding technology that will enable a single human operator to monitor activities over a complex area using a distributed network of active video sensors. Our advanced Video Understanding technology can automatically detect and track multiple people and vehicles within cluttered scenes, ...
Explorations in parallel distributed processing - A handbook of models, programs and exercises (1988)

This book presents the official, formal definition of the programming language ML including the rules for grammar and static and dynamic semantics. ML is the most well-developed and prominent of a new group of functional programming languages. On the cutting edge of theoretical computer science, ML embodies the ideas of static typing and polymorphism and has also contributed a number of novel ideas to the design of programming languages.Contents: Syntax of the Core. Syntax of Modules. Static Semantics for the Core. Static Semantics for Modules. Dynamic Semantics for Modules. Programs.Appendixes: Derived Forms. Full Grammar. The Initial Static Basis. The Initial Dynamic Basis. The Development of ML.
007—Licensed to Limit without Notice: The Case of Chan v. Korean Air Lines, Ltd. (1990)

All two hundred sixty-nine persons on board Korean Air Lines flight 007 died on September 1, 1983 when a Soviet aircraft shot down the airliner over the Sea of Japan.'The flight departed from New York's Kennedy Airport and was en route to Seoul, South Korea when the airplane veered off course. 2 When the airplane crew refused to answer Soviet communications, Soviet military aircraft destroyed the commercial airliner. 3 The passengers' beneficiaries sued Korean Air Lines ("KAL") under the legal authority of the 1929 Warsaw Convention ("Convention") 4 and the 1966 Montreal Agreement. 5hey claimed that KAL's failure to provide adequate notice of the Convention's international limits on personal injury damages thereby deprived the airline of this liability protection. 6his Note will examine the United States Supreme Court case of Chan v. Korean Air Lines, Ltd. ,7 which addressed the issue of whether the airline's failure to notify passengers in 10-point type of the $75,000 personal injury damage limitation, imposed by the Conven-liability for the airlines and increased the damage limitation to 39. Lowenfeld & Mendelsohn, supra note 22, at 552. 40.Id. 41.Id.
Tooling up for reconfigurable system design (1999)

Reconfigurable logic is programmable-a fact that exposes many questions concerning the nature of appropriate design processes for reconfigurable circuitry, given the context of legacy effects from conventional hardware design and software design. Work in the area of system-level design, featuring hardware/software co-design, offers some pointers to possible solutions, but it does not give a complete answer to harnessing the full potential of reconfigurable logic, particularly dynamically reconfigurable logic. In fact, it seems that a radical review of design flows and design tools is necessary-potentially, a very large-scale undertaking. This paper suggests one path towards new design flows and the supporting tools required. The essence is that both control flow and data flow methods should be equally accessible to the algorithm designer, with no irrevocable commitment made to one method or another at any particular level of the design. Further, flexibility in architectures should be made available as an aid to designing algorithms. The aim is a fundamental paradigm change in system design, from a world where there is higher-level algorithm/program/software design on one side and lower-level architecture/circuit/hardware design on the other side, to a new world with programs/circuits, algorithms/architectures and softness/hardness as three distinct design trade-offs. Configurable logic circuitry is one of the physical underpinnings of the new world, alongside familiar components such as processor cores and memories. The advent of system-level integrated chips will be a major asset in realising the imaginative physical architectures required. (4 pages)
GENETICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF DEHALOGENATING ENZYMES (1994)

Microorganisms that can utilize halogenated compounds as a growth substrate generally produce-enzymes whose function is carbon-halogen bond cleavage. Based on substrate range, reaction type and gene sequences, the dehalogenating enzymes can be classified in different groups, including hydrolytic dehalogenases, glutathione transferases, monooxygenases and hydratases. X-ray crystallographic and biochemical studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into the action of haloalkane dehalogenase. The essential features are nucleophilic substitution of the halogen by a carboxylate group and the presence of a distinct halogen binding site, formed by tryptophan residues. This review summaries current knowledge on a variety of other dehalogenating enzymes and indicates the existence of a widespread and diverse microbial potential for dechlorination of natural and xenobiotic halogenated compounds.
Reconstitution of the response to leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, and ciliary neurotrophic factor in hepatoma cells. (1993)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been described as a neuro-active cytokine that shares functional similarities with the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). We demonstrate here that, like LIF, CNTF stimulates expression of acute phase plasma proteins in rat H-35 hepatoma cells. Transfection of the LIF receptor into Hep3B hepatoma cells reconstituted LIF and oncostatin M regulation of acute phase plasma protein genes. Co-expression of the LIF receptor and the CNTF receptor, but not expression of either subunit alone, generated CNTF responsiveness in Hep3B cells, suggesting cooperativity of these receptor subunits. Evidence is presented for direct interaction of the LIF receptor with the intracellular signal transduction machinery.
Brimonidine and Timolol Fixed-Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy: A 3-Month Randomized Trial in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (2005)

The fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol was well-tolerated and provided significantly better IOP control compared with either brimonidine or timolol used alone.
Casein kinase II inhibits the DNA-binding activity of Max homodimers but not Myc/Max heterodimers. (1992)

Max is a heterodimeric partner of the Myc oncoprotein with sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. We found that the DNA-binding activity of bacterially expressed Max homodimers was inhibited in an ATP-dependent reaction by phosphorylation in vitro with purified bovine casein kinase II (CKII). In contrast, phosphorylation of Max and/or Myc by CKII had no inhibitory or stimulatory effect on the DNA-binding activity of Myc/Max heterodimers. By deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, the inhibitory domain was localized to a CKII phosphorylation site in the amino terminus of Max. Finally, extracts prepared from NIH-3T3 cell lines that overexpress Max contained a phosphorylated Max protein which, following phosphatase treatment or heterodimerization with Myc, was capable of sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Max was also phosphorylated in NIH-3T3 cells, demonstrating that Max phosphorylation may have an important physiological function.
The Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1:B7-1 Pathway Restrains Diabetogenic Effector T Cells In Vivo (2011)

Programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a coinhibitory molecule that negatively regulates multiple tolerance checkpoints. In the NOD mouse model, PD-L1 regulates the development of diabetes. PD-L1 has two binding partners, programmed death-1 and B7-1, but the significance of the PD-L1:B7-1 interaction in regulating self-reactive T cell responses is not yet clear. To investigate this issue in NOD mice, we have compared the effects of two anti-PD-L1 Abs that have different blocking activities. Anti-PD-L1 mAb 10F.2H11 sterically and functionally blocks only PD-L1:B7-1 interactions, whereas anti-PD-L1 mAb 10F.9G2 blocks both PD-L1:B7-1 and PD-L1:programmed death-1 interactions. Both Abs had potent, yet distinct effects in accelerating diabetes in NOD mice: the single-blocker 10F.2H11 mAb was more effective at precipitating diabetes in older (13-wk-old) than in younger (6- to 7-wk-old) mice, whereas the dual-blocker 10F.9G2 mAb rapidly induced diabetes in NOD mice of both ages. Similarly, 10F.2H11 accelerated diabetes in recipients of T cells from diabetic, but not prediabetic mice, whereas 10F.9G2 was effective in both settings. Both anti-PD-L1 mAbs precipitated diabetes in adoptive transfer models of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-driven diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the PD-L1:B7-1 pathway inhibits potentially pathogenic self-reactive effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in vivo, and suggest that the immunoinhibitory functions of this pathway may be particularly important during the later phases of diabetogenesis.