gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of phosphatidylcholine into spherical and discoidal lipoproteins during incubation of egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles with isolated high density lipoproteins or with plasma. (1981)

Incubation of phosphatidylcholine vesicles with isolated high density lipoproteins (HDL) or with whole plasma results in transfer of phospholipid into HDL. To investigate the mechanisms of this process, small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine were incubated with human HDL3 (d 1.125 to 1.210 g/ml) or with plasma and were subsequently analyzed by density gradient ultracentrifugation and negative stain electron microscopy. Incubation of vesicles with isolated HDL3 resulted in formation of both discoidal lipoproteins (1.04 to 1.06 g/ml) and phospholipid-enriched spherical lipoproteins (1.10 to 1.14 g/ml). The lipid bilayer discoidal lipoproteins had dimensions approximately 22 X 5.4 nm and contained phospholipid, apoA-I, and apoA-II. The phospholipid-enriched sperical HDL were increased in diameter and decreased in density compared to HDL3. With maximum phospholipid uptake these lipoproteins had a similar density, size, and lipid composition to HDL2a, a phospholipid-rich subfraction of HDL isolated from human plasma between 1.100 to 1.125 g/ml. Scanning microcalorimetry of the phospholipid-enriched HDL showed, compared to HDL3, a decrease in the temperature and enthalpy of lipoprotein denaturation. This altered denaturation pattern was similar to that of plasma HDL2a. Following incubation of vesicles in plasma, there was an increase in phospholipid-rich lipoproteins within the HDL2 density range (1.070 to 1.125 g/ml), and disappearance of lipoproteins from the HDL3 density range (1.125 to 1.210 g/ml). The phospholipid-rich HDL2 contained a major peak (d 1.095 to 1.125 g/ml), which consisted of only spherical particles and a smaller peak (d 1.070 to 1.095 g/ml), which included a population of lipid bilayer discs. Thus, during incubation of vesicles with isolated HDL3, there is insertion of phospholipid into HDL3, producing spherical lipoproteins which have some properties in common with HDL2a. Discoidal lipoproteins are also formed, probably as a result of interaction of vesicles with small amounts of apoA-I and apoA-II released from HDL3. The uptake of phosphatidylcholine by HDL in whole plasma occurs by similar mechanisms.
American Cancer Society Guideline for the Early Detection of Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer (2002)

An update to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guideline regarding screening for the early detection of cervical neoplasia and cancer, based on recommendations from a formal review and recent workshop, is presented. The new screening recommendations address when to begin screening, when screening may be discontinued, whether to screen women who have had a hysterectomy, appropriate screening intervals, and new screening technologies, including liquid-based cytology and HPV DNA testing.
Identification of a Gene Induced by Glucocorticoids in Murine T-Cells: A Potential G Protein-Coupled Receptor (1991)

Using cDNA cloning techniques we previously identified a set of genes induced by glucocorticoids and cAMP in murine T-lymphocytes. We report here the sequence of one of these cDNA clones (clone 4.2), renamed here as glucocorticoid-induced receptor (GIR), which encodes a potential new member of the family of receptors that couple to G-proteins. Several different forms of cDNA for this gene were isolated and shown to correspond to multiple mRNA species in lymphoid cells using an RNase protection assay. The cDNA clone corresponding to the most abundant form of GIR mRNA encodes a precursor protein of 423 amino acids, with a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids. A hydropathy plot reveals the presence of seven hydrophobic regions, with significant similarities to other G-protein-coupled receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Late events in the intracellular sorting of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules are regulated by the 80‐82 segment of the class II β chain (1997)

The molecular mechanisms that regulate sorting of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules into the endocytic pathway are poorly understood. For many proteins, access to endosomal compartments is regulated by cytosolically expressed sequences. We present evidence that a sequence in the lumenal domain of the MHC class II molecule regulates a very late event in class II biogenesis. Class II molecules containing single amino acid changes in the highly conserved 80-82 region of the beta chain were introduced into invariant chain (Ii)-negative fibroblasts with wild-type alpha chain, and the derived transfectants were analyzed biochemically. Using an endosomal isolation technique, we have quantified the level of class II molecules expressed in endocytic compartments and found that in the absence of Ii, approximately 15% of total cellular class II molecules can be isolated from endosomal compartments. Mutation at position 80 enhances this localization, while changes at positions 81 and 82 ablate class II expression in endosomal compartments. In addition, we have evaluated whether the induced changes in intracellular distribution of class II molecules were due to alterations in early biosynthetic events, indicative of misfolding of the molecules, or to modulation of later trafficking events more likely to be a consequence of the modulation of a specific transport event. Despite the dramatic effects on endosomal localization induced by the mutations, early biosynthetic events and maturation of class II were unaffected by the mutations. Collectively, our data argue that late trafficking events that control the ability of the class II molecule to access antigens is regulated by the 80-82 segment of the MHC class II beta chains.
Impaired Pial Arteriolar Reactivity to Hypercapnia During Hyperammonemia Depends on Glutamine Synthesis (1996)

Loss of the blood flow response to hypercapnia during acute hyperammonemia is not due simply to swollen astrocyte processes passively impeding blood flow because extraparenchymal resistance arterioles also lose their reactivity selectively to hypercapnia. Lost reactivity depends on glutamine synthesis rather than on ammonium ions per se and may reflect indirect effects of astrocyte dysfunction associated with glutamine accumulation or possibly effects of glutamine on nitric oxide production.
Skin fibroblast cultures derived from members of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study: a new resource for studies of cellular aging (1981)

Approximately 100 human fibroblast-like cell lines derived from the upper arms of members of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study have been deposited in the Aging Cell Bank at the Institute for Medical Research, Camden, N.J. These cell lines were derived from individuals ranging from 29 to 96 years in age. The in vitro lifespan of each culture has been estimated by the distribution of colony sizes. The availability of cell lines of known proliferative potential from donors of various ages should provide an important new resource for cellular aging studies.
Neuroprotective effect of Ruminococcus albus on oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells and animals (2017)

Recent evidence shows that the gut microbiota has an important role in gut-brain crosstalk and is linked to neuronal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intestinal Ruminococcus albus with probiotic potential on neuroprotection in oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and animals. To investigate these effects, conditioned medium was prepared using Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus (CRA-CM). Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus showed increased BDNF expression and BDNF protein levels increased in CRA-CM. CRA-CM up-regulated the protein expression levels of SRF, C-fos and CDK2. In addition, CRA-CM protected SH-SY5Y cells from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cell death. CRA-CM significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells. Animal experiments showed that oral administration of heat-killed R. albus for 15 days attenuated the oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenate. Treatment with heat-killed R. albus reduced the level of ROS, and the levels of SOD and GSH increased in oxidatively stressed brains. In conclusion, the secretome prepared from Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus might promote neuronal proliferation through the activation of cell proliferation-related proteins, and heat-killed R. albus protects neurons from oxidative damage by reducing ROS levels and increasing SOD and GSH levels.
Applications of Tunable Lasers to Laser Radar and 3D Imaging. (1996)

Abstract : This report demonstrates the remote sensing of a scattering object's size, shape, and surface properties using techniques based on the wavelength dependence of laser speckle. Originally, these techniques were motivated by applications of laser radar to target discrimination in ballistic missile defense. More recently, the emphasis has shifted to industrial applications of 3D imaging involving machine vision and dimensional metrology. Consequently, the report addresses a wide range of techniques and potential applications. For applications to target discrimination, the capability of obtaining high-resolution measurements of the target's range-resolved laser radar cross section is emphasized. Submillimeter range resolutions are demonstrated in the laboratory. The analytical background is also included for predicting and understanding target signatures based on knowledge of the target's shape and the scattering properties of its surface materials. Two approaches to high-resolution 3D imaging are considered that have many potential industrial applications. The first approach is an extension of the technique for measuring range-resolved laser radar cross section. The second approach relies on the wavelength dependence of laser speckle to provide range information and conventional optical imaging to provide lateral information. These techniques are analyzed theoretically and demonstrated in the laboratory. Together, they cover object sizes ranging from millimeters to meters.
Linkage disequilibrium, cystic fibrosis, and genetic counseling. (1989)

Strong linkage disequilibrium occurs between the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus and polymorphisms detected with the DNA probes XV-2c and KM-19. In a North American population, 86% of CF chromosomes occur with a haplotype which occurs on only 14% of normal chromosomes. An individual homozygous for the highest-risk haplotype has an 81-fold greater probability of carrying a CF allele than does an individual homozygous for the lowest-risk haplotype. The linkage-disequilibrium data can be used for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in CF families. The data are useful in 1-in-4-risk pregnancies when DNA is not available from the propositus and in counseling close relatives of CF families. Serious problems arise with some pregnancies which remain at intermediate risks after analysis, and families are left with difficult decisions. It is not clear that genetic testing for couples at less than 1-in-4 risk is cost-effective or standard care, but use of linkage-disequilibrium data will provide more accurate risk probabilities in a substantial proportion of cases if such testing is carried out. Our results emphasize the need for a specific biological or molecular carrier test. This experience in using linkage-disequilibrium and linkage data in combination for genetic counseling provides a model system for the diagnosis of other disorders.
System voltage potential-induced degradation mechanisms in PV modules and methods for test (2011)

Over the past decade, degradation and power loss have been observed in PV modules resulting from the stress exerted by system voltage bias. This is due in part to qualification tests and standards that do not adequately evaluate for the durability of modules to the long-term effects of high voltage bias experienced in fielded arrays. High voltage can lead to module degradation by multiple mechanisms. The extent of the voltage bias degradation is linked to the leakage current or culombs passed from the silicon active layer through the encapsulant and glass to the grounded module frame, which can be experimentally determined; however, competing processes make the effect non-linear and history-dependent. Appropriate testing methods and stress levels are described that demonstrate module durability to system voltage potential-induced degradation (PID) mechanisms. This information, along with outdoor testing that is in progress, is used to estimate the acceleration factors needed to evaluate the durability of modules to system voltage stress. Na-rich precipitates are observed on the cell surface after stressing the module to induce PID in damp heat with negative bias applied to the active layer.
Hematopoietic cytokines as therapeutic players in early stages Parkinson’s disease (2015)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating age related neurodegenerative disease that is believed to have a lengthy prodromal state. It is critical to find methods of interfering with the progression of this early degenerative stage by inducing compensatory recovery processes to slow or prevent the eventual clinical symptoms. The current perspective article argues that immune system signalling molecules represent such a promising therapeutic approach. Two cytokines of interest are granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO). These hematopoietic cytokines have been protective in models of stroke, neuronal injury, and more recently PD. It is our belief that these trophic cytokines can be used not only for cell protection but also regeneration. However, success is likely dependent on early intervention. This paper will outline our perspective on the development of novel trophic recovery treatments for PD. In particular, we present new data from our lab suggesting that EPO and GM-CSF can foster neural re-innervation in a “mild” or partial lesion PD model that could be envisioned as reflecting the early stages of the disease.
A clinico-pathological study of 163 untreated cases of chronic hepatitis C (1996)

We performed a clinico-pathological study of 163 untreated cases of chronic hepatitis C. Eighty five percent of the patients were clinically asymptomatic and their physical examinations showed unremarkable or minimal changes at the time of the liver biopsy. Liver function tests tended to present slight abnormalities, involving mild elevations of the activity of the aminotransferases and gamma-glutamil transferase levels. In spite of these mild abnormalities, advanced chronic liver disease was histologically detected in eighty nine percent of the patients, mainly showing chronic active hepatitis. The most characteristic histological finding was an interlobular bile duct damage, which correlated with the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the portal tracts and with the development of fibrosis.
Comparative Analysis of Amyloid-β Chemical Structure and Amyloid Plaque Morphology of Transgenic Mouse and Alzheimer's Disease Brains (2001)

We have undertaken an integrated chemical and morphological comparison of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) molecules and the amyloid plaques present in the brains of APP23 transgenic (tg) mice and human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Despite an apparent overall structural resemblance to AD pathology, our detailed chemical analyses revealed that although the amyloid plaques characteristic of AD contain cores that are highly resistant to chemical and physical disruption, the tg mice produced amyloid cores that were completely soluble in buffers containing SDS. Abeta chemical alterations account for the extreme stability of AD plaque core amyloid. The corresponding lack of post-translational modifications such as N-terminal degradation, isomerization, racemization, pyroglutamyl formation, oxidation, and covalently linked dimers in tg mouse Abeta provides an explanation for the differences in solubility between human AD and the APP23 tg mouse plaques. We hypothesize either that insufficient time is available for Abeta structural modifications or that the complex species-specific environment of the human disease is not precisely replicated in the tg mice. The appraisal of therapeutic agents or protocols in these animal models must be judged in the context of the lack of complete equivalence between the transgenic mouse plaques and the human AD lesions.
Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells (1991)

Previously we have reported the purification and characterization of a novel cytokine from an EBV-transformed B cell line, RPMI 8866. This factor, termed natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), possessed pleiotropic activities including the induction of IFN-gamma from PBL, enhancement of cytotoxicity by NK cells, and stimulation of the proliferation of PBL. Purified NKSF was found to be a disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein composed of 35-kDa and 40-kDa subunits (p35 and p40). We now report the molecular cloning of cDNA for both subunits of NKSF from RPMI 8866 cellular RNA. The cDNA sequences indicate that both genes are novel, and Southern blot analysis confirmed that both cDNA are of human genomic origin. [35S]Methionine labeling indicated that cos-1 cells transfected with either p35 or p40 cDNA produced unique protein species of appropriate size. Methionine labeling of cos-1 cells cotransfected with p35 plus p40 cDNA yielded a broad band migrating between 70 and 90 kDa on a nonreducing gel. Reduction of this high molecular weight material yielded bands correlating with p35 and p40 gene products. Only culture supernatant from cotransfected cos-1 cells had a high level of NKSF biologic activity. That the high molecular weight material was responsible for this activity was indicated by the observation that biologic activity in the culture supernatant migrated at 70 to 90 kDa in a nonreducing gel. Furthermore, anti-p40 serum was able to block the biologic activities of both recombinant and natural NKSF, which indicates that it is a component of the active protein. In contrast, no activity could be detected in the supernatants of cos-1 cells transfected with p40 or p35 cDNA alone. The spectrum of biologic activity produced by cotransfected cos-1 cells was the same as NKSF purified to homogeneity from the RPMI 8866 cell line. A synergistic augmentation of some of these responses was found by the addition of IL-2 or the co-stimulators PHA or phorbol diester. The synergistic stimulation by NKSF plus IL-2 of T and NK function supports the possibility that these cytokines might prove useful in cancer therapy.
Diets Enriched in Foods with High Antioxidant Activity Reverse Age-Induced Decreases in Cerebellar β-Adrenergic Function and Increases in Proinflammatory Cytokines (2002)

Antioxidants and diets supplemented with foods high in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) reverse age-related decreases in cerebellar beta-adrenergic receptor function. We examined whether this effect was related to the antioxidant capacity of the food supplement and whether an antioxidant-rich diet reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum. Aged male Fischer 344 rats were given apple (5 mg dry weight), spirulina (5 mg), or cucumber (5 mg) either in 0.5 ml water by oral gavage or supplied in the rat chow daily for 14 d. Electrophysiologic techniques revealed a significant decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor function in aged control rats. Spirulina reversed this effect. Apple (a food with intermediate ORAC) had an intermediate effect on cerebellar beta-adrenergic receptor physiology, and cucumber (low ORAC) had no effect, indicating that the reversal of beta-adrenergic receptor function decreases might be related to the ORAC dose. The mRNA of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and TNFbeta was also examined. RNase protection assays revealed increased levels of these cytokines in the aged cerebellum. Spirulina and apple significantly downregulated this age-related increase in proinflammatory cytokines, whereas cucumber had no effect, suggesting that one mechanism by which these diets work is by modulation of an age-related increase in inflammatory responses. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as a marker of oxidative damage. Apple and spirulina but not cucumber decreased MDA levels in the aged rats. In summary, the improved beta-adrenergic receptor function in aged rats induced by diets rich in antioxidants is related to the ORAC dose, and these diets reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels.
IBM dictionary of computing (1994)

Shouldn't all computer professionals have access to the world's most comprehensive computing dictionary? Now, finally, they can! For the first time ever, the peerless IBM Dictionary of Computing - a one-of-a-kind desk reference that's unmatched in its field - is being made available to the general public. Prepared by the world's largest supplier of computers, the Dictionary defines 18,000 terms and abbreviations covering virtually all personal computing, information processing, telecommunications, office systems, and IBM-specific terms. It includes the most up-to-date terms and definitions from the full range of IBM-compatible hardware and software products; the American National Standard Dictionary for Information Systems, ANSI X3.172-1990; the ANSI/EIA Standard - 440-A, Fiber Optic Terminology; and the Information Technology Vocabulary, developed by the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC). No other dictionary of computing terms even comes close to the breadth of this one, nor is there anything available from such an authoritative source. Designed to be used by everyone from the novice seeking the most basic information ... to the mainframe systems programmer and MIS chief looking for sophisticated and hard-to-find information that's not available in most reference books, the IBM Dictionary of Computing contains new and revised entries on: fundamental terms, programming, personal computing, data communication, multimedia, processing units, peripheral equipment, databases, system development, text processing, computer-integrated manufacturing, local area networks, open systems interconnection, fiber optics,distributed data processing, office automation, and artificial intelligence. It's all here in one indispensable reference source - 18,000 terms and abbreviations concerning all areas and all levels of computing, along with numerous illustrations and diagrams designed to make more complex
Adenovirus Type 5 E1A Gene Products Act as Transformation Suppressors of the neu Oncogene (1991)

The adenovirus type 5 early region 1A (E1A) gene was introduced into neu-transformed B104-1-1 cells. Cells that expressed E1A possessed reduced transforming activity in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in nude mice. These results demonstrate that the E1A gene products can act negatively to suppress the transformed phenotype in neu-transformed cells.