gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chimeric Fc receptors identify functional domains of the murine high affinity receptor for IgG (1991)

Chimeric Fc gamma R have been generated between the mouse high affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI) and the low affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RII) by exchanging the first two domains of the three-domain extracellular structure of Fc gamma RI with the homologous two-domain extracellular structure of Fc gamma RII. Studies of the affinity and specificity of binding of mouse Ig classes to these receptors defined functional regions of Fc gamma RI and showed some surprising results. After removal of the third extracellular domain of Fc gamma RI, the remaining two domains (domains 1 and 2) retained the capacity to bind Ig in the form of immune complexes, however, they bound monomeric IgG2a with a reduced affinity. Surprisingly, these two domains in the absence of the third domain bound not only IgG2a but also IgG1 and IgG2b, i.e., the third domain of Fc gamma RI suppresses the intrinsic capacity of the first two domains to act as a low affinity Fc gamma RII-like molecule. Linking the third extracellular domain of Fc gamma RI to the two extracellular domains of Fc gamma RII resulted in a receptor that retained the specificity and affinity of Fc gamma RII. Thus, the removal of domain 3 from Fc gamma RI resulted in the conversion of Fc gamma RI to an "Fc gamma RII-like" receptor. These findings indicate that domains 1 and 2 of Fc gamma RI form an Ig-binding motif, and although domain 3 is not essential for Fc binding by Fc gamma RI, it plays a crucial role in determining the specific high affinity interaction of Fc gamma RI with IgG2a.
MYBL2 is a new regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2008)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, several MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) proteins form ternary complexes with TTG1 (WD-Repeats) and regulate the transcription of genes involved in anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis. Similar MYB-BHLH-WDR (MBW) complexes control epidermal patterning and cell fates. A family of small MYB proteins (R3-MYB) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of epidermal cell fates, acting as inhibitors of the MBW complexes. However, so far none of these small MYB proteins have been demonstrated to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. The genetic and molecular analyses presented here demonstrated that Arabidopsis MYBL2, which encodes a R3-MYB-related protein, is involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. The loss of MYBL2 activity in the seedlings of two independent T-DNA insertion mutants led to a dramatic increase in the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, overexpression of MYBL2 in seeds inhibited the biosynthesis of PAs. These changes in flavonoid content correlate well with the increased level of mRNA of several structural and regulatory anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Interestingly, transient expression analyses in A. thaliana cells suggested that MYBL2 interacts with MBW complexes in planta and directly modulates the expression of flavonoid target genes. These results are fully consistent with the molecular interaction of MYBL2 with BHLH proteins observed in yeast. Finally, MYBL2 expression studies, including its inhibition by light-induced stress, allowed us to hypothesise a physiological role for MYBL2. Taken together, these results bring new insights into the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and provide new clues and tools for further investigation of its developmental and environmental regulation.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Biology, Biochemistry and Reconstructive Surgery (1996)

Thirty years of bone morphogenetic protein research, T.S. Lindholm et al Bone morphogenetic protein in biology and medicine, M.R. Urist Biochemical extraction, purification and characterization of native bone morphogenetic protein, L. Jortikka, A. Martinen Recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins: cloning and molecular structures: K. Kostianen Bone induction and immune occurrence in bone morphogenetic protein implantation, T.J. Gao Target cells and receptors for bone morphogenetic protein, L. Jortikka Bone inductivity of malignant bone neoplasms and cultured osteosarcoma cells, M. Laitinen Bone morphogenic protein derived from osteosarcoma, K. Takaoka, H. Yoshikawa Ectopic osteoinductive difference between purified bovine and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, K. Bessho Bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor-B, J.H. Wiklund Searching for a novel carrier for bioactive delivery of bone morphogenetic protein, T.J. Gao, T.S. Lindholm Bone morphogenetic proteins regenerating skull and maxillo-mandibular defects, T.C. Lindholm, V.V. Viljanen Bone morphogenetic proteins and derivatives potentiate healing of segmental diaphyseal bone defects and non-union of fractures, T.J. Gao, T.S. Lindholm Bone morphogenetic proteins and dentinogenesis, L.J. Yang, Y.H. Gao Induction of cementogenesis and periodontal ligament regeneration by bone morphogenetic proteins, U. Ripamonti Demineralized bone matrix inductive graft, K.J.J. Pajamaki, V.V. Viljanen Purified bovine bone morphogenetic protein for clinical use in difficult conditions of cranio-maxillofacial surgery, H.F. Saller, E. Kolb Experiences using native allogenic and xenogenetic bone morphogenetic protein in curing bone disturbances in domestic dogs, J. Oksanen, S. Paatsama Clinical use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 antibody in diagnosis of osteogenic lesions, K. Bessho.
A new correlation criterion based on gradient fields similarity (1996)

Correlation based methods are a common tool for the correspondence problem. They are able to perform a dense point-to-point matching between two images, but post-processing is often necessary to improve the results. In this paper we propose a new correlation measure using the gradient vector fields of the images. We compare our method to classical correlation measures based on the grey levels. The new method gives better results than others when it is applied on random dot stereograms and on real images.
RNA-Based TWIST1 Inhibition via Dendrimer Complex to Reduce Breast Cancer Cell Metastasis (2015)

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States, and survival rates are lower for patients with metastases and/or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; ER, PR, and Her2 negative). Understanding the mechanisms of cancer metastasis is therefore crucial to identify new therapeutic targets and develop novel treatments to improve patient outcomes. A potential target is the TWIST1 transcription factor, which is often overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and is a master regulator of cellular migration through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we demonstrate an siRNA-based TWIST1 silencing approach with delivery using a modified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. Our results demonstrate that SUM1315 TNBC cells efficiently take up PAMAM-siRNA complexes, leading to significant knockdown of TWIST1 and EMT-related target genes. Knockdown lasts up to one week after transfection and leads to a reduction in migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and transwell assays. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PAMAM dendrimers can deliver siRNA to xenograft orthotopic tumors and siRNA remains in the tumor for at least four hours after treatment. These results suggest that further development of dendrimer-based delivery of siRNA for TWIST1 silencing may lead to a valuable adjunctive therapy for patients with TNBC.
Catalysis in Capillaries by Pd Thin Films Using Microwave‐Assisted Continuous‐Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS) (2006)

Endlich …︁ Metall in der Mikrowelle! Dünne Palladiumschwarz-Filme auf der Innenwand von Mikrokapillaren eignen sich sehr gut für metallkatalysierte Reaktionen einschließlich Suzuki-Miyama- und Heck-Kupplungen unter Durchflussbedingungen. Die Reaktionsmischung durchströmt die Miniaturkapillaren unter Mikrowellenbestrahlung, und die Umwandlungen sind binnen Sekunden beendet.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling to Stress-activated Protein Kinase (SAPK)/Jun NH2-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) elicits a diverse array of inflammatory responses through engagement of its type-1 receptor (TNFR1). Many of these responses require de novo gene expression mediated by the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. We investigated the mechanism by which TNFR1 recruits the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) and the p38s, two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families that together regulate AP-1. We show that the human SPS1 homologue germinal center kinase (GCK) can interact in vivo with the TNFR1 signal transducer TNFR-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) and with MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) upstream of the SAPKs, thereby coupling TRAF2 to the SAPKs. Receptor interacting protein (RIP) is a second TNFR signal transducer which can bind TRAF2. We show that RIP activates both p38 and SAPK; and that TRAF2 activation of p38 requires RIP. We also demonstrate that the RIP noncatalytic intermediate domain associates in vivo with an endogenous MAPKKK that can activate the p38 pathway in vitro. Thus, TRAF2 initiates SAPK and p38 activation by binding two proximal protein kinases: GCK and RIP. GCK and RIP, in turn, signal by binding MAPKKKs upstream of the SAPKs and p38s.
Narp, a novel member of the pentraxin family, promotes neurite outgrowth and is dynamically regulated by neuronal activity (1996)

Stimulus-linked RNA and protein synthesis is required for establishment of long-term neuroplasticity. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying long-term neuroplasticity, we have used differential cDNA techniques to clone a novel immediate-early gene (IEG) that is rapidly induced in neurons of the hippocampus and cortex by physiological synaptic activity. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicates homology to members of the pentraxin family of secreted lectins that include C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component. Regions of homology include an 8 amino acid "pentraxin signature" sequence and a characteristic pentraxin calcium-binding domain. We have termed this gene and the encoded protein Narp (from neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin). Biochemical analyses confirm the presence of a functional signal sequence, and Narp is secreted by transfected COS-1 cells in culture. Additionally, Narp binds to agar matrix in a calcium-dependent manner consistent with the lectin properties of the pentraxin family. When cocultured with Narp-secreting COS-1 cells, neurons of cortical explants exhibit enhanced growth of neuronal dendritic processes. Neurite outgrowth-promoting activity is also observed using partially purified Narp and can be specifically immunodepleted, demonstrating that Narp is the active principle. Narp is fully active at a concentration of approximately 40 ng/ml, indicating a potency similar to known peptide growth factors. Because Narp is rapidly regulated by neuronal activity, its lectin and growth-promoting activities are likely to play role in the modification of cellular properties that underlie long-term plasticity.
The Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Uncleaved Eggs of Xenopus laevis (1960)

ABSTRACT The effects are described of ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation upon the eggs of Xenopus laevis. The results obtained apply to fertilized eggs and also to unfertilized eggs into which blastula nuclei have been transplanted. Eggs were irradiated up to 20 min after laying, for periods varying from 15 to 50 sec. The egg nucleus is completely inactivated by small doses of u.v. If fertilized eggs are used this gives rise to haploids, which the use of a nuclear marker has shown to be androgenetic. After irradiation the egg nucleus descends towards the centre of the egg, and comes to lie adjacent to the transplanted or sperm nucleus. At the first mitosis, however, it does not fuse but remains as a pycnotic clump in the centre of the spindle. Soon after this it disappears, without disintegrating into visible fragments. The transplanted or sperm nucleus appears to be unaffected by the irradiation and death of the egg nucleus. The egg cytoplasm does not appear to be damaged, even after doses of u.v. which are considerably more than sufficient to kill the egg nucleus. The main reasons for this belief are that haploids obtained by other means develop no better than those obtained by u.v. An increase of u.v. treatment from 30 to 80 sec results in no increase in abnormalities sustained. The jelly is broken down and the vitelline membrane weakened. This enables the egg to be penetrated by a micropipette without causing damage or preventing healing. This investigation was undertaken to facilitate the analysis of nuclear transplantation experiments in Xenopus. The increased penetrability of eggs is of technical value for this purpose. The interpretation of these experiments is greatly facilitated by the knowledge that the egg cytoplasm need not be damaged by the u.v. and that the egg nucleus is completely inactivated so as not to interfere with the development of the egg.
Partial characterization of low density lipoprotein preparations isolated from fresh and frozen plasma after radiolabeling by seven different methods. (1991)

Four 99mTc and three 123I labeling methods were evaluated for their suitability to label low density lipoproteins (LDL) for the purpose of scintigraphic biodistribution studies. For 99mTc these methods were: direct incorporation in LDL of 99mTcO4- using sodium dithionite (dithionite method); a method using first N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare a 99mTc-complex reacting with LDL in a subsequent step (DMF method); a technique in which 99mTcO4- is first coupled to a diamide dithiolate derivative of pentanoic acid by reduction with dithionite, followed by coupling of this ligand to LDL (N2S2 method); and a method using sodium borohydride and stannous chloride as reducing agents (borohydride method). The iodination techniques were based on oxidation of I(-)----I+, using iodine monochloride (ICl method), 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3,6-diphenylglycoluril (Iodogen method), and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS method) as oxidants. We studied labeling yields, modification of LDL caused by the labeling procedures using agarose-gel electrophoresis, and radiochemical stability of the labeled LDL complex upon incubation in plasma at 37 degrees C for 15 h. We used Sepharose CL6B chromatography to separate LDL from other plasma proteins. We also examined whether LDL isolated from frozen plasma (Pool-LDL) gave results similar to LDL obtained from freshly prepared plasma (Fresh-LDL). Pool-LDL radiolabeled by the dithionite, DMF, NBS, and Iodogen methods lost its label upon incubation with plasma. This also happened with Fresh-LDL when the DMF, NBS and Iodogen methods were used. Upon agarose-gel electrophoresis, no modification of LDL was observed with all methods when the radionuclide/LDL ratio was kept low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of various 3'-branched 2',3'-unsaturated pyrimidine nucleosides as potential anti-HIV agents (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of various 3'-branched 2',3'-unsaturated pyrimidine nucleosides as potential anti-HIV agentsS. Czernecki and A. EzzitouniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7325–7328Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On Devanagari document processing (2002)

Devnagari document processing system discussed here makes use of various knowledge sources at all levels. Extraction of test zone from a document is a preprocessing stage which uses document layout knowledge represented syntactically. The test zone is then segmented into lines, lines into words and words into characters. Since Devnagari characters is a complex composition of symbols, various algorithms are used to further segment the character into its constituent symbols instead of treating the character as a unit. The symbols are then recognized using various features which are extracted and saved during training phase. The recognized symbols are composed back and sent for validation through a partitioned dictionary.
The Five-Factor Framing of Personality and Beyond: Some Ruminations (2010)

The five-factor conceptualization of personality has been presented as all-embracing in understanding personality and has even received authoritative recommendation for understanding early development. I raise various concerns regarding this popular model. More specifically, (a) the atheoretical nature of the five-factors, their cloudy measurement, and their inappropriateness for studying early childhood are discussed; (b) the method (and morass) of factor analysis as the exclusive paradigm for conceptualizing personality is questioned and the continuing nonconsensual understandings of the five-factors is noted; (c) various unrecognized but successful efforts to specify aspects of character not subsumed by the catholic five-factors are brought forward; and (d) transformational developments in regard to inventory assessment of personality are mentioned. I conclude by suggesting that repeatedly observed higher order factors hierarchically above the proclaimed five may promise deeper biological understanding of the origins and implications of these superfactors.
New Entry to a Three-Component Pyrimidine Synthesis by TMS−Ynones via Sonogashira Coupling (2003)

[reaction: see text] TMS-ynones are versatile synthetic equivalents of beta-keto aldehydes and can be readily synthesized in an atom-economical fashion by coupling (het)aroyl chlorides and (TMS)-acetylene with only one equiv (!) of triethylamine under Sonogashira conditions. This mild ynone synthesis is also a suitable entry to 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines in the sense of a one-pot three-component reaction, i.e., a coupling-addition-cyclocondensation sequence.
A review of the World Bank's efforts to assist African governments in reducing poverty (1993)

Recent activity by the World Bank's Africa region is reviewed, with a focus on information collection and analysis, strategies for poverty reduction, and Bank supported policies and programs. New trends are highlighted and ways of enhancing the effectiveness of Bank operations in reducing poverty are discussed. It is emphasized that widespread political uncertainty and civil conflict, economic decline as a result of inappropriate policies and weak institutional capacities provide a difficult contest for achieving poverty reduction in Africa. Bank studies such as those of food security, human resources development, and women and development help to define the Bank's country strategies for poverty reduction. These strategies provide precise recommendations for redirecting social expenditures toward basic services, but measures to improve the economic opportunities of the poor (especially their employment) need to be more clearly defined to make them fully effective as guides to operations. In particular, further analysis of the impact of reform on poverty can strengthen the poverty focus of the relevant policies and programs. In addition, public expenditure reviews should assess how best to redirect investments in infrastructure towards meeting the needs of the poor.
α-Lipoic acid preconditioning reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway (2003)

In liver resection and transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the main causes of organ dys- or nonfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is able to attenuate IRI. Rat livers were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer with or without LA (+/-wortmannin), followed by ischemia (1 h, 37 degrees C) and reperfusion (90 min). Efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and hepatic ATP content were determined enzymatically. Activation of NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1) was examined by EMSA, and protein phosphorylation was examined by Western blot. Caspase-3-like activity served as an indicator for apoptotic processes. Animals treated intravenously with 500 micromol LA were subjected to 90 min of partial no-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion for up to 7 days. Preconditioning with LA significantly reduced LDH and PNP efflux during reperfusion in isolated perfused rat livers. ATP content was significantly increased in LA-treated livers. Postischemic activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 was significantly reduced in LA-pretreated organs. Preconditioning with LA significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation. It showed neither effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase nor on Bad phosphorylation. Importantly, simultaneous administration of wortmannin, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol (PI)3-kinase/Akt pathway, blocked the protective effect of LA on IRI, demonstrating a causal relationship between Akt activation and hepatoprotection by LA. Interestingly, despite activation of Akt, LA did not reduce postischemic apoptotic cell death. The efficacy of LA treatment in vivo was shown by reduced GST plasma levels and improved liver histology of animals pretreated with LA. This study shows for the first time that the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway plays a central protective role in IRI of the rat liver and that LA administration attenuates IRI via this pathway.
A Lesson for the Future; Determining the Prognosis of the Pregnant Patients with COVID-19 in the Second Trimester? A Case Report. (2022)

Considering the limited information on this new COVID-19 clinical courses in pregnancy in comparison with two prior coronavirus outbreaks since the early 21 century, SARS-Cov and MERS-Cov, the possibility of poor pregnancy outcome has been confirmed, but there is debate on the effect of pregnancy and different management on disease progression. Taking into account the avail of this finding, our experiences, against prior belief, suggest pregnant patients are susceptible to severe morbidity and mortality, similar to report on pregnancies with SARS and MERS.
Formation of infectious hybrid virions with gibbon ape leukemia virus and human T-cell leukemia virus retroviral envelope glycoproteins and the gag and pol proteins of Moloney murine leukemia virus (1989)

The gibbon ape leukemia virus, SEATO strain, and human T-cell leukemia virus type I envelope glycoproteins can be functionally assembled with a Moloney murine leukemia virus core into infectious particles. The envelope-host cell receptor interaction is the major determinant of the host cell specificity for these hybrid virions.