gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potelligent Antibodies as Next Generation Therapeutic Antibodies (2009)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a lytic attack on antibody-targeted cells, is triggered upon binding of lymphocyte receptors (FcgammaRs) to the antibody constant region. ADCC is considered to be a major therapeutic function of antibodies. ADCC requires the presence of oligosaccharides in the Fc region and is sensitive to change in the oligosaccharide structure. We have demonstrated that fucose is the most critical IgG1 oligosaccharide component, and the removal of fucose from IgG1 oligosaccharides results in a very significant enhancement of ADCC and anti-tumor activity in vivo. Many therapeutic antibodies approved or clinical development are produced using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express high level of alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase and consequently produce highly fucosylated antibodies. We have established the fucosyltransferase knockout CHO cells which could stably produce non-fucosylated antibodies, designated as Potelligent antibodies. Potelligent antibodies show potent ADCC upon target cells through the effective and antigen-specific activation of NK cells due to augmented binding to FcgammaRIIIa. Moreover, Potelligent antibodies can evade the inhibitory effect of plasma IgG on ADCC through its high FcgammaRIIIa binding. Thus, the application of Potelligent antibodies is expected to be a promising approach as next-generation therapeutic antibodies with improved efficacy, even when administered at low doses in humans in vivo.
Effect of Deposition and Annealing Temperature on Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Ag DopedZnO Thin Films (2008)

The effects of the deposition and annealing temperature on the structural, electrical and optical properties of Ag doped ZnO (ZnO : Ag) thin films were investigated. All of the films were deposited with a 2wt% <TEX>$Ag_2O-doped$</TEX> ZnO target using an e-beam evaporator. The substrate temperature varied from room temperature (RT) to <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>. An undoped ZnO thin film was also fabricated at <TEX>$150^{\circ}C$</TEX> as a reference. The as-grown films were annealed in temperatures ranging from 350 to <TEX>$650^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 5 h in air. The Ag content in the film decreased as the deposition and the post-annealing temperature increased due to the evaporation of the Ag in the film. During the annealing process, grain growth occurred, as confirmed from XRD and SEM results. The as-grown film deposited at RT showed n-type conduction; however, the films deposited at higher temperatures showed p-type conduction. The films fabricated at <TEX>$150^{\circ}C$</TEX> revealed the highest hole concentration of <TEX>$3.98{\times}1019\;cm^{-3}$</TEX> and a resistivity of <TEX>$0.347\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$</TEX>. The RT PL spectra of the as-grown ZnO : Ag films exhibited very weak emission intensity compared to undoped ZnO; moreover, the emission intensities became stronger as the annealing temperature increased with two main emission bands of near band-edge UV and defect-related green luminescence exhibited. The film deposited at <TEX>$150^{\circ}C$</TEX> and annealed at <TEX>$350^{\circ}C$</TEX> exhibited the lowest value of <TEX>$I_{vis}/I_{uv}$</TEX> of 0.05.
Neuroprotective Treatment Strategies for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – Review of Literature and Future Prospects (2013)

Nitric oxide (NO) induces the generation of cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP) which results in vasodilatation by several mechanisms Due to its high affinity, NO binds to hemoglobin, resulting in an NO-depletion. The number of perivascular neurons which carry relatively high amounts of NO and supply the large intracranial vessels, is decreased after SAH causing a further decrease of
Imaging Mitochondrial Flux in Single Cells with a FRET Sensor for Pyruvate (2014)

Mitochondrial flux is currently accessible at low resolution. Here we introduce a genetically-encoded FRET sensor for pyruvate, and methods for quantitative measurement of pyruvate transport, pyruvate production and mitochondrial pyruvate consumption in intact individual cells at high temporal resolution. In HEK293 cells, neurons and astrocytes, mitochondrial pyruvate uptake was saturated at physiological levels, showing that the metabolic rate is determined by intrinsic properties of the organelle and not by substrate availability. The potential of the sensor was further demonstrated in neurons, where mitochondrial flux was found to rise by 300% within seconds of a calcium transient triggered by a short theta burst, while glucose levels remained unaltered. In contrast, astrocytic mitochondria were insensitive to a similar calcium transient elicited by extracellular ATP. We expect the improved resolution provided by the pyruvate sensor will be of practical interest for basic and applied researchers interested in mitochondrial function.
Defining specificity and on-target activity of BH3-mimetics using engineered B-ALL cell lines (2016)

One of the hallmarks of cancer is a resistance to the induction of programmed cell death that is mediated by selection of cells with elevated expression of anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family. To counter this resistance, new therapeutic agents known as BH3-mimetic small molecules are in development with the goal of antagonizing the function of anti-apoptotic molecules and promoting the induction of apoptosis. To facilitate the testing and modeling of BH3-mimetic agents, we have developed a powerful system for evaluation and screening of agents both in culture and in immune competent animal models by engineering mouse leukemic cells and re-programming them to be dependent on exogenously expressed human anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Here we demonstrate that this panel of cell lines can determine the specificity of BH3-mimetics to individual anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, BFL-1, and MCL-1), demonstrate whether cell death is due to the induction of apoptosis (BAX and BAK-dependent), and faithfully assess the efficacy of BH3-mimetic small molecules in pre-clinical mouse models. These cells represent a robust and valuable pre-clinical screening tool for validating the efficacy, selectivity, and on-target action of BH3-mimetic agents.
Prodrug Design of Phenolic Drugs (2010)

Phenolic group in therapeutic drugs can be used for a prodrug modification to overcome various undesirable drug properties that may become pharmacological, pharmaceutical or pharmacokinetic barriers for application. Several strategies have been used in order to overcome the limited bioavailability of phenolic drugs. Classical design represents a nonspecific chemical approach to mask undesirable drug properties, limited bioavailability or chemical instability. Targeted prodrug design represents a new strategy for directed and efficient drug delivery. Particularly, targeting the prodrug to specific enzyme or specific membrane transporter has potential as selective drug delivery system mainly in cancer therapy. The article brings examples of ester, sulphate, carbamate, carbonate, phosphate and ether prodrugs as well as the limitations of these prodrug strategies. Some specific enzyme targets are also presented.
Identification and Characterization of Avian Retroviruses in Chicken Embryo-Derived Yellow Fever Vaccines: Investigation of Transmission to Vaccine Recipients (2002)

All currently licensed yellow fever (YF) vaccines are propagated in chicken embryos. Recent studies of chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines show evidence of two types of retrovirus particles, the endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV) and the endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV-E), which originate from the chicken embryonic fibroblast substrates. In this study, we investigated substrate-derived avian retrovirus contamination in YF vaccines currently produced by three manufacturers (YF-vax [Connaught Laboratories], Stamaril [Aventis], and YF-FIOCRUZ [FIOCRUZ-Bio-Manguinhos]). Testing for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was not possible because of assay inhibition. However, Western blot analysis of virus pellets with anti-ALV RT antiserum detected three distinct RT proteins in all vaccines, indicating that more than one source is responsible for the RTs present in the vaccines. PCR analysis of both chicken substrate DNA and particle-associated RNA from the YF vaccines showed no evidence of the long terminal repeat sequences of exogenous ALV subgroups A to D in any of the vaccines. In contrast, both ALV-E and EAV particle-associated RNA were detected at equivalent titers in each vaccine by RT-PCR. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed 61,600, 348,000, and 1,665,000 ALV-E RNA copies per dose of Stamaril, YF-FIOCRUZ, and YF-vax vaccines, respectively. ev locus-specific PCR testing of the vaccine-associated chicken substrate DNA was positive both for the nondefective ev-12 locus in two vaccines and for the defective ev-1 locus in all three vaccines. Both intact and ev-1 pol sequences were also identified in the particle-associated RNA. To investigate the risks of transmission, serum samples from 43 YF vaccine recipients were studied. None of the samples were seropositive by an ALV-E-based Western blot assay or had detectable EAV or ALV-E RNA sequences by RT-PCR. YF vaccines produced by the three manufacturers all have particles containing EAV genomes and various levels of defective or nondefective ALV-E sequences. The absence of evidence of infection with ALV-E or EAV in 43 YF vaccine recipients suggests low risks for transmission of these viruses, further supporting the safety of these vaccines.
Mild Copper‐Catalyzed Vinylation Reactions of Azoles and Phenols with Vinyl Bromides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Well-aligned carbon nitride nanotubes synthesized in anodic alumina by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (1999)

Vertically aligned carbon nitride nanotubes with a uniform diameter of about 250 nm have been synthesized on a porous alumina membrane template (50–80 μm thick) in a microwave excited plasma of C2H2 and N2 using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition system. A negative dc bias voltage was applied to the substrate holder of graphite to promote the flow of ionic fluxes through the nanochannels of the alumina template. This allowed the physical, and subsequent chemical, absorption of species on the walls of the nanochannels that resulted in the formation of the carbon nitride nanotubes. The hollow structure and vertically aligned properties of the nanotubes have been clearly verified by field-emission scanning electron microscope images. The absorption band between 1250 and 1750 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum proves that nitrogen atoms have been incorporated into an amorphous network of carbon.
What Is Liberal Islam? The Silenced Majority (2003)

Abstract: Liberal Muslims believe that human beings are created free and that if you take away or diminish freedom, you are in fact contradicting human nature as well as divine will. Unlike the rather starkly opposed “liberalisms” of the United States and Europe respectively, Islamic liberalism, emphasizes both the liberty of the community (ummah) from occupation and oppression, and at the same time the liberty of the individual within the community. Liberal Islam remains marginal only because its potentiality is politically suppressed; in truth, it represents the predominant political hopes of Muslims around the world.
Atomically sharp 〈111〉 trihedral angle of a tungsten tip (2007)

The processes occuring in the course of heating of a tungsten tip in an electric field and resulting in the formation of the 〈111〉 trihedral angle at the intersection of three {011} closest packed planes in the crystal lattice of tungsten are investigated using field-emission microscopy, continuous-mode field-desorption microscopy, and high-temperature field evaporation microscopy. It is demonstrated that atomically sharp angles can be formed at temperatures above 2200 K in the absence of field evaporation. An atom forming the apex of the trihedral angle lies in the triangle of atoms arranged in the (111) plane. In the triangle, each atom is located at the intersection of the 〈111〉 close-packed atomic rows, which are the boundaries of the {011} planes forming the trihedral angle and the {112} planes forming the angle edges two rows in width.
Comparative Molecular and Functional Analyses of the Tobacco Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor NtKIS1a and Its Spliced Variant NtKIS1b (2002)

In all eukaryotes, cell cycle progression is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) whose activity is regulated at several levels including inhibition by CDK inhibitors. Here, we report a comparative molecular and functional analysis of the tobacco (Nicotiana tomentosiformis) CDK inhibitor, NtKIS1a, and its spliced variant, NtKIS1b. The C-terminal end of NtKIS1a shares strong sequence similarity with mammalian CIP/KIP inhibitors, which is not the case for NtKIS1b. Consistent with this, NtKIS1a but not NtKIS1b inhibits in vitro the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) D-type cyclins and an A-type CDK are NtKIS1a, but not NtKIS1b, interacting partners. Although both NtKIS1a and NtKIS1b transcripts are mainly found in flowers and more precisely in stamens, NtKIS1b transcript levels are cell cycle regulated, whereas those of NtKIS1a remain constant during the cell cycle. NtKIS1a and NtKIS1b fused to fluorescent proteins are localized in the nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. Furthermore, there is no competition for their nuclear localization when they are simultaneously overexpressed. In vitro competition toward CDK kinase activity suggests that NtKIS1b is a strong competitor of NtKIS1a. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing NtKIS1a-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or NtKIS1b-GFP fusion proteins were obtained. In these plants, the fusion proteins are still localized in the nucleus. Interestingly, NtKIS1a-GFP-overexpressing plants display strong morphological modifications and a reduced CDK kinase activity, whereas NtKIS1b-GFP-overexpressing plants display a wild-type phenotype including a wild-type CDK kinase activity. Our results strongly suggest that the inhibition of the kinase activity is responsible for the phenotypic modifications.
Brazil - Urban Development and Water Resource Management Project : environmental impact study : summary (1993)

Following a brief overview of the environmental assessment procedures for the water resources component of the Urban Development and Water Resource Management Project, this document summarizes the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and associated environmental impact report (RIMA) for the Jerimum Public Reservoir, which is representative of the subprojects to be implemented under this component of the project. The EIA/RIMA analyzes the physical, biological and social impacts likely to result from the construction of the Jerimum Reservoir, to be located on the Caxitore River, which is part of the Curu River basin in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The EIA/RIMA also identifies the necessary mitigation measures for the negative impacts of the Jerimum project.
Critical role of the nucleolus in activation of the p53-dependent postmitotic checkpoint (2011)

Cells eventually exit from mitosis during sustained arrest at the spindle checkpoint, without sister chromatid separation and cytokinesis. The resulting tetraploid cells are arrested in the subsequent G1 phase in a p53-dependent manner by the regulatory function of the postmitotic G1 checkpoint. Here we report how the nucleolus plays a critical role in activation of the postmitotic G1 checkpoint. During mitosis, the nucleolus is disrupted and many nucleolar proteins are translocated from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. Among the nucleolar factors, Myb-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A) induces the acetylation and accumulation of p53 by enhancing the interaction between p300 and p53 during prolonged mitosis. MYBBP1A-dependent p53 activation is essential for the postmitotic G1 checkpoint. Thus, our results demonstrate a novel nucleolar function that monitors the prolongation of mitosis and converts its signal into activation of the checkpoint machinery.
The transmission of digital television in the UHF band using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (1991)

As a result of work on digital television being conducted under contract to the Independent Television Commission (ITC), National Transcommunications Ltd., (NTL) has been able to demonstrate that it is technically feasible to transmit digital television in UHF channels which are at present unused. This is made possible by the marriage of two techniques, both of which make extensive use of digital signal processing. The first of these is the use of picture coding algorithms, which allow very high quality pictures to be reproduced for transmission at bit rates as low as 12 Mbit/second. The second, which the paper is concerned with, is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which as well as being a very robust means of transmitting data, also has excellent interference rejection properties.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of the A-Chain of Abrin-a, a Toxic Protein from the Seeds ofAbrus precatorius (1988)

The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of the A-Chain of Abrin-a, a Toxic Protein from the Seeds of Abrus precatorius Get access Gunki Funatsu, Gunki Funatsu Laboratory of Biochemistry,Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,Fukuoka 812,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yuko Taguchi, Yuko Taguchi Laboratory of Biochemistry,Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,Fukuoka 812,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masahiro Kamenosono, Masahiro Kamenosono Laboratory of Biochemistry,Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,Fukuoka 812,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Yanaka Makoto Yanaka Laboratory of Biochemistry,Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,Fukuoka 812,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 4, 1 April 1988, Pages 1095–1097, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868783 Published: 01 April 1988 Article history Received: 18 January 1988 Published: 01 April 1988
Deductive databases in action (1991)

A number of prototype systems that implement some of the theoretical results are in various stages of development, Despite this intense activity not enough has been done so far to identify the areas of application in which this emerging technology could be most fruitfully deployed. This paper surveys some of these potential areas, comments on our experience, and suggests some directions for further research that have emerged in the course of our attempts to use this technology.
Origin and function of host-derived dendritic cells in vascularized organ transplants (TRAN3P.889) (2014)

Abstract Donor DC exit organ grafts after transplantation and are replaced by host DC. The origin and function of these tissue-resident, host DC however is unknown. Using flow cytometry and 2-photon intravital microscopy, we observed rapid replacement of donor DC by host DC in both syngeneic and allogeneic heart and kidney grafts within 3 days after transplantation, and demonstrated that the vast majority of host DC were monocyte-derived (Mono-DC). By day 7, allografts harbored &amp;gt;5-fold more DC than syn grafts and &amp;gt;45-fold more than native tissue. Enhanced DC accumulation in allografts was inhibited by treating recipients with cyclosporine A, indicating a crucial role for the host alloimmune response in DC influx. DC accumulation was only partially dependent on fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) expression on host monocytes. Host DC that infiltrated grafts localized to perivascular areas, extended dendrites into the vessel lumens, mediated the transmigration of cognate effector T cells (Teff) into the graft, and continued to make stable contacts with the Teff after they had transmigrated. Depletion of host Mono-DC by administering DT to CD11b-DTR mice significantly reduced T cell infiltration and IFN-γ production in the graft. Hence, host Mono-DC amass rapidly in transplanted organs, replacing donor DC, and accelerate rejection by enhancing Teff migration, retention, and activation. Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of allograft rejection.
PMMA Gradient Materials and in situ Nanocoating via Self‐Assembly of Semifluorinated Hyperbranched Amphiphiles (2004)

Abstract Summary: Nanostructured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gradient materials with in situ nanocoating were obtained via self‐assembly of semifluorinated hyperbranched polyglycerol amphiphiles (FPG) at the PMMA surface during free‐radical MMA bulk polymerisation. The FPG was designed as novel nanoadditive and prepared by etherification of the hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol core with allylether and subsequent quantitative addition of the hydro‐ and oleophobic 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluoro‐octane‐1‐thiol to the double bond end groups. As a result of the FPG self‐assembly, a fluorine‐containing nanocoating, with an average thickness of 150 to 200 nm at the PMMA surface, was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) of an 4 He + beam. The resulting nanocoating formation was driven by the interactions of the perfluorohexyl end groups and the in situ phase separation with increasing conversion of the MMA polymerisation. The FPG nanocoating consisted of a nanolayered substructure composed of alternating fluorine‐containing and fluorine‐free layers with an average thickness of 3–5 nm, which was evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Very small amounts of the FPG amphiphile, typically less than 3 wt.‐% added to PMMA, were found to be sufficient to achieve the in situ nanocoating formation at the PMMA surface. The surfaces of the PMMA/FPG surface gradient materials were water and oil repellent. TEM micrograph of an unstained cryo section of the PMMA/FPG 100 blend sample, showing the surface enrichment of FPG100 at the PMMA surface‐to‐air interface (FPG: dark; PMMA: brighter; the brightest area is air). magnified image TEM micrograph of an unstained cryo section of the PMMA/FPG 100 blend sample, showing the surface enrichment of FPG100 at the PMMA surface‐to‐air interface (FPG: dark; PMMA: brighter; the brightest area is air).
Current therapy for Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: development of 3,4-diaminopyridine phosphate salt as first-line symptomatic treatment (2010)

The results of this review show that anti-tumour treatment is recommended for patients with the paraneoplastic form of LEMS and that one RCT has shown that immunomodulating treatments should be initiated when symptomatic treatments do not provide satisfactory results. A number of RCTs have shown that 3,4-DAP is effective in symptomatic treatment of patients with LEMS and has been recommended as first-line symptomatic treatment of patients with LEMS. The 3,4-DAP phosphate salt formulation was shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of LEMS with a positive benefit:risk ratio.