gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State-of-the-art AlGaAs alloys by antimony doping (1986)

Historically GaAlAs alloys grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have high deep level concentrations (&amp;gt;1016 cm−3), low luminescent efficiency with broad peaks, and are difficult to dope controllably below mid 1016 cm−3. We report the effect that the low incident antimony molecule fluxes during growth appear to help reduce the density of deep levels below 1014 cm−3, which then allows reproducible doping control in the low 1015 cm−3 range. Exciton-dominated photoluminescence with half widths ∼4.0 meV are now routinely achieved using this technique. Further evidence for the quality improvement of AlGaAs by heavy atom (Sb) doping comes from high 4 K two-dimensional electron gas mobilities for low sheet electron densities, e.g., 1.3×106 cm2/V s for n=2×1011 cm−2. SIMS profiles of antimony content are presented and estimates of incorporated concentrations are given.
Polynucleotides containing 2'-O-methyladenosine. I. Synthesis by polynucleotide phosphorylase (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolynucleotides containing 2'-O-methyladenosine. I. Synthesis by polynucleotide phosphorylaseFritz. Rottman and Karen. HeinleinCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 7, 2634–2641Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00847a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00847a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of TPO-induced MEK or mTOR activity induces opposite effects on the ploidy of human differentiating megakaryocytes (2006)

The megakaryocyte is a paradigm for mammalian polyploid cells. However, the mechanisms underlying megakaryocytic polyploidization have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of Shc-Ras-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways in promoting megakaryocytic differentiation, maturation and polyploidization. CD34+ cells, purified from human peripheral blood, were induced in serum-free liquid suspension culture supplemented with thrombopoietin (TPO) to differentiate into a virtually pure megakaryocytic progeny (97-99% CD61+/CD41+ cells). The early and repeated addition to cell cultures of low concentrations of PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1/2 activation, gave rise to a population of large megakaryocytes showing an increase in DNA content and polylobated nuclei (from 45% to 70% in control and treated cultures, respectively). Conversely, treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin strongly inhibited cell polyploidization, as compared with control cultures. Western blot analysis of PD98059-treated progenitor cells compared with the control showed a downmodulation of phospho-ERK 1 and phospho-ERK 2 and a minimal influence on p70S6K activation; by contrast, p70S6K activation was completely inhibited in rapamycin-treated cells. Interestingly, the cyclin D3 localization was nuclear in PD98059-induced polyploid megakaryocytes, whereas it was completely cytoplasmic in those treated with rapamycin. Altogether, our results are in line with a model in which binding of TPO to the TPO receptor (mpl) could activate the rapamycin-sensitive PI3K-AKT-mTOR-p70S6K pathway and its downstream targets in promoting megakaryocytic cell polyploidization.
Image‐based models of cardiac structure in health and disease (2010)

Computational approaches to investigating the electromechanics of healthy and diseased hearts are becoming essential for the comprehensive understanding of cardiac function. In this article, we first present a brief review of existing image-based computational models of cardiac structure. We then provide a detailed explanation of a processing pipeline which we have recently developed for constructing realistic computational models of the heart from high resolution structural and diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired ex vivo. The presentation of the pipeline incorporates a review of the methodologies that can be used to reconstruct models of cardiac structure. In this pipeline, the structural image is segmented to reconstruct the ventricles, normal myocardium, and infarct. A finite element mesh is generated from the segmented structural image, and fiber orientations are assigned to the elements based on DTMR data. The methods were applied to construct seven different models of healthy and diseased hearts. These models contain millions of elements, with spatial resolutions in the order of hundreds of microns, providing unprecedented detail in the representation of cardiac structure for simulation studies.
Real-Time Performance Monitoring, Adaptive Control, and Interactive Steering of Computational Grids (2000)

To support creation of nimble applications for computational grids, the authors believe one must eliminate the barrier that separates program creation from execution and post-mortem optimization. This paper outlines an approach to dynamic performance adaptation and distributed optimization in the grid environment based on a suite of performance instrumentation, analysis, and presentation tools that includes distributed performance sensors and resource policy actuators, fuzzy logic rule bases for adaptive control, and immersive visualization systems for real-time visualization and direct manipulation of software behavior.
Dyrk1A Phosphorylates α-Synuclein and Enhances Intracellular Inclusion Formation (2006)

Lewy bodies (LBs) are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD) but also occur in Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia of LBs. Alpha-synuclein, the major component of LBs, is observed in the brain of Down syndrome (DS) patients with AD. Dyrk1A, a dual specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (Dyrk) family member, is the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila minibrain (Mnb) gene, essential for normal postembryonic neurogenesis. The Dyrk1A gene resides in the human chromosome 21q22.2 region, which is associated with DS anomalies, including mental retardation. In this study, we examined whether Dyrk1A interacts with alpha-synuclein and subsequently affects intracellular alpha-synuclein inclusion formation in immortalized hippocampal neuronal (H19-7) cells. Dyrk1A selectively binds to alpha-synuclein in transformed and primary neuronal cells. Alpha-synuclein overexpression, followed by basic fibroblast growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation, resulted in cell death. We observed that accompanying cell death was increased alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and intracytoplasmic aggregation. In addition, the transfection of kinase-inactive Dyrk1A or Dyrk1A small interfering RNA blocked alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregate formation. In vitro kinase assay of anti-Dyrk1A immunocomplexes demonstrated that Dyrk1A could phosphorylate alpha-synuclein at Ser-87. Furthermore, aggregates formed by phosphorylated alpha-synuclein have a distinct morphology and are more neurotoxic compared with aggregates composed of unmodified wild type alpha-synuclein. These findings suggest alpha-synuclein inclusion formation regulated by Dyrk1A, potentially affecting neuronal cell viability.
Oligomeric and fibrillar species of β-amyloid (Aβ42) both impair mitochondrial function in P301L tau transgenic mice (2008)

We recently provided evidence for a mitochondrial dysfunction in P301L tau transgenic mice, a strain modeling the tau pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition to tau aggregates, the AD brain is further characterized by A beta peptide-containing plaques. When we addressed the role of A beta, this indicated a synergistic action of tau and A beta pathology on the mitochondria. In the present study, we compared the toxicity of different A beta 42 conformations in light of recent studies suggesting that oligomeric rather than fibrillar A beta might be the actual toxic species. Interestingly, both oligomeric and fibrillar, but not disaggregated (mainly monomeric) A beta 42 caused a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in cortical brain cells obtained from FTD P301L tau transgenic mice. This was not observed with cerebellar preparations indicating selective vulnerability of cortical neurons. Furthermore, we found reductions in state 3 respiration, the respiratory control ratio, and uncoupled respiration when incubating P301L tau mitochondria either with oligomeric or fibrillar preparations of A beta 42. Finally, we found that aging specifically increased the sensitivity of mitochondria to oligomeric A beta 42 damage indicating that oligomeric and fibrillar A beta 42 are both toxic, but exert different degrees of toxicity.
Microwave Engineering (1990)

The 4th edition of this classic text provides a thorough coverage of RF and microwave engineering concepts, starting from fundamental principles of electrical engineering, with applications to microwave circuits and devices of practical importance. Coverage includes microwave network analysis, impedance matching, directional couplers and hybrids, microwave filters, ferrite devices, noise, nonlinear effects, and the design of microwave oscillators, amplifiers, and mixers. Material on microwave and RF systems includes wireless communications, radar, radiometry, and radiation hazards. A large
A hybrid and linear registration method utilizing inclination constraint (2005)

This work describes a new hybrid vision-based registration method with an inclination sensor. In the method, a camera is tracked by solving linear equations under inclination constraint. Linear operations are faster than the nonlinear optimization process, but the output does not usually satisfy the orthonormality constraint. On the contrary, the proposed method calculates the camera position and azimuth directly, thus the result satisfies the orthonormality constraint. Many hybrid approaches using inertia sensors have been proposed for AR/MR. However, such methods still depend on vision-based methods in initialization processes. On the other hand, the proposed method is totally hybrid in that the inclination measured by the sensor is always incorporated in pose calculation process as well as vision information. The method can be used in initialization process of conventional hybrid methods as well as it can be used as an independent registration method. The proposed method can be applied to not only inside-out-style camera tracking but also outside-in-style object tracking.
Metabolic Effects of Feeding Protected Tallow to Dairy Cows (1980)

Twelve Holstein cows were matched into pairs after 7 days lactation. Each was fed 1 kg of grain concentrate per 3 kg milk and corn silage free choice. At 2 wk, one cow from each pair was maintained on this diet and the other was fed a protected tallow product mixed with the grain concentrate, 1 to 2, providing 25% of metabolizable energy as fat. For 14 wk, milk fat production was 12.4% higher and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for lactation was 8.0 to 13.6% higher in tallow-fed cows. These had higher concentrations of glucose in plasma and cholesterol in serum and lower concentrations of acetoacetate and betahydroxybutyrate in plasma. At 16 wk, cows were fed in two groups, the concentrate to milk ratio was 1:4 and silage intake 41 kg/day. Digestible protein was reduced from 118 g/kg dry matter to only 80 g/kg. Milk production declined rapidly, so that duration of lactation averaged only 163 days in both groups. Protected tallow conferred metabolic advantages during the first 16 wk of lactation. Its influence on the duration of lactation requires further study in cows fed adequate protein.
Biochemical and genomic comparison of inorganic phosphate solubilization in Pseudomonas species (2009)

Mobilization of insoluble soil inorganic phosphate by plant beneficial rhizobacteria is a trait of key importance to the development of microbial biofertilizers. In this study, the ability of several Pseudomonas spp. to solubilize Ca3 (PO4 )2 was compared. While all Pseudomonas spp. were found to facilitate a decrease in pH and solubilize inorganic phosphate by the production of extracellular organic acids, strains varied by producing either gluconic or 2-ketogluconic acid. Furthermore, comparison between the Pseudomonas spp. of the genes involved in oxidative glucose metabolism revealed variations in genomic organization. To further investigate the genetic mechanisms involved in inorganic phosphate solubilization by Pseudomonas spp., a transposon mutant library of P. fluorescens F113 was screened for mutants with reduced Ca3 (PO4 )2 solubilization ability. Mutations in the gcd and pqqE genes greatly reduced the solubilization ability, whereas mutations in the pqqB gene only moderately reduced this ability. The combination of biochemical analysis and genomic comparisons revealed that alterations in the pqq biosynthetic genes, and the presence/absence of the gluconate dehydrogenase (gad) gene, fundamentally affect phosphate solublization in strains of P. fluorescens.
Antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine for the detection and immunotherapy of cancer (2018)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid in all eukaryotic cells that is actively sequestered to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. Exposure of PS on apoptotic cells is a normal physiological process that triggers their rapid removal by phagocytic engulfment under noninflammatory conditions via receptors primarily expressed on immune cells. PS is aberrantly exposed in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to the overall immunosuppressive signals that antagonize the development of local and systemic antitumor immune responses. PS-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is further exacerbated by chemotherapy and radiation treatments that result in increased levels of PS on dying cells and necrotic tissue. Antibodies targeting PS localize to tumors and block PS-mediated immunosuppression. Targeting exposed PS in the tumor microenvironment may be a novel approach to enhance immune responses to cancer.
Human Catechol- O -Methyltransferase Haplotypes Modulate Protein Expression by Altering mRNA Secondary Structure (2006)

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key regulator of pain perception, cognitive function, and affective mood. Three common haplotypes of the human COMT gene, divergent in two synonymous and one nonsynonymous position, code for differences in COMT enzymatic activity and are associated with pain sensitivity. Haplotypes divergent in synonymous changes exhibited the largest difference in COMT enzymatic activity, due to a reduced amount of translated protein. The major COMT haplotypes varied with respect to messenger RNA local stem-loop structures, such that the most stable structure was associated with the lowest protein levels and enzymatic activity. Site-directed mutagenesis that eliminated the stable structure restored the amount of translated protein. These data highlight the functional significance of synonymous variations and suggest the importance of haplotypes over single-nucleotide polymorphisms for analysis of genetic variations.
Octamer-primed cycle sequencing: design of an optimized primer library. (1996)

This paper describes a novel method of primer walking using octamer oligonucleotides to prime DNA sequencing reactions. Octamer sequencing is compatible with isotopic and fluorescent sequencing chemistry, reaction conditions are optimized such that the samples can be processed in parallel, and the procedure has the potential to be automated. This strategy is faster than the traditional primer walking sequencing strategy, as the existence of a primer library allows immediate access to a primer for the next sequencing reaction, eliminating delays associated with designing and synthesizing gene-specific primers. The octamer library is comprised of optimized sequencing primers, such that octamer sequencing yields results equivalent to or better than traditional primer walking. This technology is more economical because gene-specific sequencing primers, the major cost in the reaction, are replaced by an optimized subset of frequently occurring octamers that are able to prime multiple reactions.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Associative Hydrogels (2007)

Abstract In the present paper, the microwave (MW)‐assisted synthesis of hydrogel forming polymers based on poly(acrylic acid) ( 1 ) is described. The polymer analogous condensation reaction between adamantyl moieties bearing free amino groups and poly(acrylic acid) ( 1 ) was carried out simply by mixing both components and subsequent use of MW protocol. The mixture was irradiated for 20 min without the addition of solvents or coupling agents. Aqueous solutions of the sodium salts of the obtained hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid)s showed a very high viscosity due to the intermolecular association of the hydrophobic side chains and the resulting formation of physical networks. By the addition of randomly methylated β ‐cyclodextrin (RAMEB), the rheology of these systems could be influenced significantly. magnified image
Polar coding for reliable communications over parallel channels (2010)

A capacity-achieving polar coding scheme is introduced for reliable communications over a set of parallel communication channels. They are assumed to be arbitrarily-permuted memoryless binary-input and output-symmetric (MBIOS) channels, and they form a set of (stochastically) degraded channels. The general case where the parallel channels are not necessarily degraded is addressed in the full paper version [3], though the suggested scheme is not capacity-achieving in the general case.
Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies (2016)

Chronic pain affects between one-third and one-half of the population of the UK, corresponding to just under 28 million adults, based on data from the best available published studies. This figure is likely to increase further in line with an ageing population.
[Haemophilus infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients]. (1989)

Seventy sputum specimens from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C.O.P.D.) with secondary infection patients and 50 sputum specimens from C.O.P.D. patients without infection were cultured on blood agar plate, eosine-methylene blue agar plate, chocolate agar plate and selective medium chocolate agar plate. Haemophilus species was isolated from 20 specimens from C.O.P.D. with secondary infection patients. The isolation rate was 28.5%. Eight strains could produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to ampicillin (40%). One strain was resistant to ampicillin though without beta-lactamase production.
In vitro proliferative responses and antibody titers specific to human acetylcholine receptor synthetic peptides in patients with myasthenia gravis and relation to HLA class II genes. (1988)

To investigate which parts of the acetylcholine receptor are involved in the initiation and development of myasthenia gravis (MG), peptides representing different sequences of the human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit were synthesized. These peptides were tested for their ability to stimulate T cells of myasthenic patients and healthy control patients in proliferation assays and to bind to sera antibodies. Three of eight peptides discriminated significantly between the two groups in the proliferation assay, as well as in their ability to bind to serum antibodies. HLA-DR3 and DR5 were associated with proliferative responses to specific AChR peptides in the group of myasthenics. Acetylcholine receptor epitopes that might play a specific role in myasthenia gravis thus were demonstrated.
Combination Therapy with Hypothermia for Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia (2009)

Mild hypothermia is an established neuroprotectant in the laboratory, showing remarkable and consistent effects across multiple laboratories and models of brain injury. At the clinical level, mild hypothermia has shown benefits in patients who have suffered cardiac arrest and in some pediatric populations suffering hypoxic brain insults. However, a review of the literature has demonstrated that in order to appreciate the maximum benefits of hypothermia, brain cooling needs to begin soon after the insult, maintained for relatively long period periods of time, and, in the case of ischemic stroke, should be applied in conjunction with the re-establishment of cerebral perfusion. Translating this to the clinical arena can be challenging, especially rapid cooling and the re-establishment of perfusion. The addition of a second neuroprotectant could potentially (1) enhance overall protection, (2) prolong the temporal therapeutic window for hypothermia, or (3) provide protection where hypothermic treatment is only transient. Combination therapies resulting in recanalization following ischemic stroke would improve the likelihood of a good outcome, as the experimental literature suggests more consistent neuroprotection against ischemia with reperfusion, than ischemia without. Since recombinant tissue plasiminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only FDA approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, and acts to recanalize occluded vessels, it is an obvious initial strategy to combine with hypothermia. However, the effects of thrombolytics are also temperature dependent, and the risk of hemorrhage is significant. The experimental data nevertheless seem to favor a combinatorial approach. Thus, in order to apply hypothermia to a broader range of patients, combination strategies should be further investigated.
Cloning and sequence determination of a human rheumatoid factor light-chain gene. (1986)

The contribution of germ-line variable regions to autoantibody formation in humans is poorly understood. To study the gene structure of a human autoantibody, chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) cells from a patient with an IgM anti-IgG (rheumatoid factor, RF) paraprotein were utilized. The rearranged immunoglobulin gene encoding the kappa light chain for the RF was cloned, and the nucleic acid sequence of its variable region was determined. As demonstrated by Southern blot analysis using a kappa joining-region probe, the CLL cells, stable CLL-WIL2-729-HF2 RF-secreting hybridomas, and the cloned light-chain gene all had an identical restriction fragment containing the rearranged light-chain gene. The CLL RF light chains reacted weakly with an antipeptide antibody against a primary structure-dependent idiotype present on the light chains of the majority of IgM RF paraproteins. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the CLL light-chain gene place it in the kappa III variable-region subgroup, and a comparison to known RF paraproteins reveals marked homology to the light-chain amino acid sequence of the IgM RF paraprotein Pom. Both Pom and the CLL light chain appear to identify a second kappa III gene or gene group that is able to encode RF paraprotein light chains.