gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of impurities on the Josephson current through SNS junctions (1975)

The effect of impurities on the steady-state Josephson current through a superconductor—normal metal—superconductor junction is analyzed. It is shown that, when ξ0≪l∼d (l denoting mean free path length and d denoting the thickness of the normal metal layer), impurities cause an appreciable decrease in the current and a change in the form of its dependence on the phase. The dependence of the critical current for weak-superconduction current on the thickness of the normal metal layer is found to be of the form jc∼j0e−d/ζ with ζ denoting the effective coherence length and defined as the reciprocal of ζ−1=2πT/ℏvo/+1/l.
The molecular cloning and characterization of potential chick DM‐GRASP homologs in zebrafish and mouse (1994)

A full-length zebrafish cDNA clone and a partial mouse cDNA clone similar to chick DM-GRASP were isolated and analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of the full-length zebrafish clone shares 54% identity, and predicts 39% amino acid identity, with chick DM-GRASP. The partial mouse clone shares 76% nucleotide identity, and predicts 76% amino acid identity, with chick DM-GRASP. The predicted proteins encoded by both of these clones exhibit conserved structural domains that are characteristic of the chick protein. These features may identify them as a distinct subfamily within the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Expression of the zebrafish DM-GRASP protein is similar to chick DM-GRASP and is principally restricted to a small subset of developing sensory and motor neurons during axonogenesis. Zebrafish DM-GRASP expression was temporally regulated and limited to specific axon domains. This regional expression correlated with fasciculated axon domains. These results suggest that the zebrafish and mouse cDNA clones represent the respective fish and mammalian homologs of chick DM-GRASP. The highly selective expression of zebrafish DM-GRASP suggests that it is involved in the selective fasciculation and guidance of axons along their normal pathways.
Immunogenic and Functional Organization of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Glycoprotein E2 on Infectious HCV Virions (2006)

Development of full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNAs replicating efficiently and producing infectious cell-cultured virions, HCVcc, in hepatoma cells provides an opportunity to characterize immunogenic domains on viral envelope proteins involved in entry into target cells. A panel of immunoglobulin G1 human monoclonal antibodies (HMAbs) to three immunogenic conformational domains (designated A, B, and C) on HCV E2 glycoprotein showed that epitopes within two domains, B and C, mediated HCVcc neutralization, whereas HMAbs to domain A were all nonneutralizing. For the neutralizing antibodies to domain B (with some to conserved epitopes among different HCV genotypes), the inhibitory antibody concentration reducing HCVcc infection by 90%, IC90, ranged from 0.1 to 4 microg/ml. For some neutralizing HMAbs, HCVcc neutralization displayed a linear correlation with an antibody concentration between the IC50 and the IC90 while others showed a nonlinear correlation. The differences between IC50/IC90 ratios and earlier findings that neutralizing HMAbs block E2 interaction with CD81 suggest that these antibodies block different facets of virus-receptor interaction. Collectively, these findings support an immunogenic model of HCV E2 having three immunogenic domains with distinct structures and functions and provide added support for the idea that CD81 is required for virus entry.
Analysis of Integrin β4 Expression in Human Breast Cancer: Association with Basal-like Tumors and Prognostic Significance (2008)

These observations indicate that beta4 expression in human breast cancer is restricted and associated with basal-like cancers, and they support the hypothesis that beta4 may function in concert with a discrete set of proteins to facilitate the aggressive behavior of a subset of tumors.
α2-HS Glycoprotein/Fetuin, a Transforming Growth Factor-β/Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, Regulates Postnatal Bone Growth and Remodeling (2002)

Soluble transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-binding proteins are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and control cytokine access to membrane signaling receptors. The serum and bone-resident glycoprotein alpha2-HS-glycoprotein/fetuin (ASHG) binds to TGF-beta/BMP cytokines and blocks TGF-beta1 binding to cell surface receptors. Therefore, we examined bone growth and remodeling phenotypes in ASHG-deficient mice. The skeletal structure of Ahsg(-/-) mice appeared normal at birth, but abnormalities were observed in adult Ahsg(-/-) mice. Maturation of growth plate chondrocytes was impaired, and femurs lengthened more slowly between 3 and 18 months of age in Ahsg(-/-) mice. However, bone formation was increased in Ahsg(-/-) mice as indicated by greater cortical thickness, accelerated trabecular bone remodeling, and increased osteoblast numbers on bone surfaces. The normal age-related increase in cortical thickness and bone mineral density was accelerated in Ahsg(-/-) mice and was associated with increased energy required to fracture. Bone formation in response to implanted BMP cytokine extended further from the implant in Ahsg(-/-) compared with Ahsg(+/+) mice, confirming the interaction between ASHG and TGF-beta/BMP cytokines in vivo. Our results demonstrate that ASHG blocks TGF-beta-dependent signaling in osteoblastic cells, and mice lacking ASHG display growth plate defects, increased bone formation with age, and enhanced cytokine-dependent osteogenesis.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Improves β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

We identified an angiotensin-generating system in pancreatic islets and found that exogenously administered angiotensin II, after binding to its receptors (angiotensin II type 1 receptor [AT1R]), inhibits insulin release in a manner associated with decreased islet blood flow and (pro)insulin biosynthesis. The present study tested the hypothesis that there is a change in AT1R expression in the pancreatic islets of the obesity-induced type 2 diabetes model, the db/db mouse, which enables endogenous levels of angiotensin II to impair islet function. Islets from 10-week-old db/db and control mice were isolated and investigated. In addition, the AT1R antagonist losartan was administered orally to 4-week-old db/db mice for an 8-week period. We found that AT1R mRNA was upregulated markedly in db/db islets and double immunolabeling confirmed that the AT1R was localized to beta-cells. Losartan selectively improved glucose-induced insulin release and (pro)insulin biosynthesis in db/db islets. Oral losartan treatment delayed the onset of diabetes, and reduced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in db/db mice, but did not affect the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. The present findings indicate that AT1R antagonism improves beta-cell function and glucose tolerance in young type 2 diabetic mice. Whether islet AT1R activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes remains to be determined.
1-Alkyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts: a novel family of electrophilic fluorinating agents (1992)

Members of a new series of solid, easily handled, storable, transportable, commercially viable, site-selective electrophilic fluorinating agents of the +N–F class (tradenamed Selectfluor reagents) have been synthesized via direct fluorination of monoquaternary salts of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
Carrier bound synthetic oligopeptides in ELISA test systems for distinction between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection (1989)

A series of synthetic carrier bound oligopeptides derived from corresponding regions of the core and envelope proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 were used in enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals. The combination of peptides from regions either conserved or highly variable between the two virus types allowed the identification of HIV infection in general and the differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2. No specific reaction was found in seronegative individuals. The use of peptides bound to the same polystyrene carrier as in peptide synthesis allowed the establishment of a highly specific and sensitive test system without the risk of unspecific cross-reaction due to contamination with bacterial or cellular protein material.
Neuroendocrine immunology of fibromyalgia (2010)

The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM) is not completely understood. The disease is characterized by a central sensitization with an amplification of pain perception. A combination of interactions among external stressors, behavioral constructs, neurotransmitters, hormones, immune, and sympathetic nervous systems appears to be involved. It is known that the neuroimmunoendocrine system has a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and multiple abnormalities have been demonstrated in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Bidirectional mechanisms involving peripheral nociceptive input as well as abnormal central pain processing are involved. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alterations have also been shown with abnormal response to stress. Recent data highlight the putative role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of FM. The autonomic nervous system is implicated in the maintenance of the physiological homeostasis and sympathetic activity appears increased in FM. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors Y1 and Y2 seem to have a complex role in pain modulation.
Effects of the spore-endotoxin complex of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar morrisoni upon Triatoma vitticeps (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions (1994)

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Biologia. Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
The Quadrics network: high-performance clustering technology (2002)

The Quadrics network extends the native operating system in processing nodes with a network operating system and specialized hardware support in the network interface. Doing so integrates an individual node's address spaces into a single, global, virtual address space and provides network fault tolerance.
Lipoxin A4 and B4 are potent stimuli for human monocyte migration and adhesion: selective inactivation by dehydrogenation and reduction. (1996)

Monocyte recruitment and adherence are important events in inflammatory and vascular diseases. Here, we evaluated the actions of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and LXB4, a series of lipoxygenase products from arachidonic acid generated by cell-cell interactions, on human monocytes. LXA4 and LXB4 (10(-7) M) each increased monocyte migration in chamber chemotaxis assays and, in migration under agarose, exhibited chemotactic indices similar to those of the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine at 10(-10)-10(-8) M and to the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) at 10(-8)-10(-7) M with a rank order of potency: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 alpha > LXA4 approximately LXB4 approximately MIP-1 alpha. Lipoxins also stimulated monocyte adherence to laminin. In addition, human monocytes rapidly transformed LXA4 and LXB4 to several metabolites. LXB4 (> 80%) was converted within 30 s to new products, in a trend similar to that of LXA4. The novel monocyte-derived LXB4 products were identified as 5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-LXB4 and 6,7-dihydro-LXB4, indicating a role for site-selective dehydrogenation and reduction. Unlike monocytes, intact polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) did not metabolize LXA4 in significant quantities, and only approximately 12% of exogenous LXB4 was omega-oxidized to 20-OH-LXB4 and 20-COOH-LXB4 by PMN. To determine if lipoxin conversion altered bioactivity, we evaluated the actions of these metabolites on monocytes. Each of the novel products of LXA4 and LXB4 from monocytes, namely oxo- and dihydrolipoxins, were essentially inactive in stimulating monocyte adherence. In contrast, the omega-oxidation products of LXB4 isolated from PMN were equipotent with LXB4 for monocyte adherence. Dehydrogenation of LXA4 in monocytes appears to be carried out by a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, which is present in human monocytes as determined by reverse transcription PCR and Western blots. Together, these results provide the first evidence that LXA4 and LXB4 are both potent stimulants for migration and adherence of human monocytes. Moreover, they underscore the importance of the major route of lipoxin metabolism in leukocytes, namely, the rapid dehydrogenation and inactivation carried out by monocytes.
Capsid Serotype and Timing of Injection Determines AAV Transduction in the Neonatal Mice Brain (2013)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene expression is a powerful tool for gene therapy and preclinical studies. A comprehensive analysis of CNS cell type tropism, expression levels and biodistribution of different capsid serotypes has not yet been undertaken in neonatal rodents. Our previous studies show that intracerebroventricular injection with AAV2/1 on neonatal day P0 results in widespread CNS expression but the biodistribution is limited if injected beyond neonatal day P1. To extend these observations we explored the effect of timing of injection on tropism and biodistribution of six commonly used pseudotyped AAVs delivered in the cerebral ventricles of neonatal mice. We demonstrate that AAV2/8 and 2/9 resulted in the most widespread biodistribution in the brain. Most serotypes showed varying biodistribution depending on the day of injection. Injection on neonatal day P0 resulted in mostly neuronal transduction, whereas administration in later periods of development (24-84 hours postnatal) resulted in more non-neuronal transduction. AAV2/5 showed widespread transduction of astrocytes irrespective of the time of injection. None of the serotypes tested showed any microglial transduction. This study demonstrates that both capsid serotype and timing of injection influence the regional and cell-type distribution of AAV in neonatal rodents, and emphasizes the utility of pseudotyped AAV vectors for translational gene therapy paradigms.
Liposome-Cell Interaction: Transfer and Intracellular Release of a Trapped Fluorescent Marker (1977)

When small, unilamellar lipid vesicles containing a high concentration of the fluorescent dye 6-carboxyfluorescein are incubated with either frog retinas or human lymphocytes, fluroescence distributes widely throughout each cell. Since "self-quenching" largely prevents the dye from fluorescing as long as it remains sequestered in vesicles, it is clear that a considerable amount of dye is released from the vesicles and diluted into the much larger volume of the cell.
Generation of a Set of Simple, Interpretable ADMET Rules of Thumb (2008)

A set of simple, consistent structure-property guides have been determined from an analysis of a number of key ADMET assays run within GSK: solubility, permeability, bioavailability, volume of distribution, plasma protein binding, CNS penetration, brain tissue binding, P-gp efflux, hERG inhibition, and cytochrome P450 1A2/2C9/2C19/2D6/3A4 inhibition. The rules have been formulated using molecular properties that chemists intuitively know how to alter in a molecule, namely, molecular weight, logP, and ionization state. The rules supplement the more predictive black-box models available to us by clearly illustrating the key underlying trends, which are in line with reports in the literature. It is clear from the analyses reported herein that almost all ADMET parameters deteriorate with either increasing molecular weight, logP, or both, with ionization state playing either a beneficial or detrimental affect depending on the parameter in question. This study re-emphasizes the need to focus on a lower molecular weight and logP area of physicochemical property space to obtain improved ADMET parameters.
Identification of DEBS 1, DEBS 2 and DEBS 3, the multienzyme polypeptides of the erythromycin‐producing polyketide synthase from Saccharopolyspora erythraea (1992)

The ery A region of the erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora erythraea has previously been shown to contain three large open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the components of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS). Polyclonal antibodies were raised against recombinant proteins obtained by overexpression of 3' regions of the ORF2 and ORF3 genes. In Western blotting experiments, each antiserum reacted strongly with a different high molecular weight protein in extracts of erythromycin-producing S. erythraea cells. These putative DEBS 2 and DEBS 3 proteins were purified and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. The protein sequences were entirely consistent with the and DEBS 3 proteins were purified and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. The protein sequences were entirely consistent with the translation start sites predicted from the DNA sequences of ORFs 2 and 3. A third high molecular weight protein co-purified with DEBS 2 and DEBS 3 and had an N-terminal sequence that matched a protein sequence translated from the DNA sequence some 155 base pairs upstream from the previously proposed start codon of ORF1.
Toolglasses, marking menus, and hotkeys: a comparison of one and two-handed command selection techniques (2004)

Research has shown that bimanual (two-handed) interfaces often provide more intuitive, efficient, and comfortable interaction than one-handed interfaces. This paper introduces a new input technique, bimanual marking menus, and compares its performance with five other techniques: static toolbars, hotkeys, grouped hotkeys, marking menus, and toolglasses. The study builds on previous work by setting the comparison in a commonly encountered task, shape drawing. In this context, grouped hotkeys and bimanual marking menus were found to be the fastest. Subjectively, the most preferred input method was bimanual marking menus. Toolglass performance was unexpectedly slow, which hints at the importance of low-level toolglass implementation choices. Key words: Bimanual interfaces, two-handed interfaces, toolglass, bimanual marking menus, command selection. 1
Design Science in Information Systems: Hegemony, Bandwagon, or New Wave? (2008)

Design Science has, in the past few years, become a topic of increasing importance especially in the North American academic IS community. Some observers see a new hegemony in the process of forming. Others dispute that, but suggest that Design Science is merely the latest bandwagon rolling through the IS domain. The panel includes supporters of all these views. It will attempt to position Design Science from a variety of perspectives including the North American and the European view, the latter with a long tradition of Design Based IS scholarship.
A germ-line Tsc1 mutation causes tumor development and embryonic lethality that are similar, but not identical to, those caused by Tsc2 mutation in mice (2001)

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is characterized by the development of hamartomas in various organs and is caused by a germ-line mutation in either TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. From the symptomatic resemblance among TS patients, involvement of TSC1 and TSC2 products in a common pathway has been suggested. Here, to analyze the function of the Tsc1 product, we established a line of Tsc1 (TSC1 homologue) knockout mouse by gene targeting. Heterozygous Tsc1 mutant (Tsc1(+/-)) mice developed renal and extra-renal tumors such as hepatic hemangiomas. In these tumors, loss of wild-type Tsc1 allele was observed. Homozygous Tsc1 mutants died around embryonic days 10.5-11.5, frequently associated with neural tube unclosure. As a whole, phenotypes of Tsc1 knockout mice resembled those of Tsc2 knockout mice previously reported, suggesting that the presumptive common pathway for Tsc1 and Tsc2 products may also exist in mice. Notably, however, development of renal tumors in Tsc1(+/-) mice was apparently slower than that in Tsc2(+/-) mice. The Tsc1 knockout mouse described here will be a useful model to elucidate the function of Tsc1 and Tsc2 products as well as pathogenesis of TS.
Anti-Hypercholesterolemic Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Rats (1967)

SummaryDehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 3α-methoxy − 17α−methyl− 5α −androstane−17α−01 (SC-12790) were studied for their anti-hypercholesterolemic and thyromimetic activities. The following findings were established: 1. DHA (5 mg/kg/d per os for 10 days) was found to be an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent which prevented increase in the serum cholesterol level (SCL) of rats made hypercholesterolemic by propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment. It was also found that the same dose of DHA given over a period of 21 days prevented an increase in SCL in rats made hypercholesterolemic by combined PTU and cholesterol feeding. DHA, however, did not reduce the SCL of normal rats. 2. SC-12790, when given under the same experimental conditions as DHA, did not reduce the SCL of hypercholesterolemic rats. 3. DHA did not produce any change in thyroid weight as did exogenous TSH and T-3. It seems that the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of DHA cannot be explained by a thyromimetic activity. These findings are of clinical importance since DHA, which is a weak endogenous androgen, is orally active as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent. The possible mechanism of its action is discussed.
Database design for smarties: using UML for data modeling (1999)

Contents Preface Chapter 1: The Database Life Cycle Chapter 2: System Architecture and Design Chapter 3: Gathering Requirements Chapter 4: Modeling Requirements with Use Cases Chapter 5: Testing the System Chapter 6: Building Entity-Relationship Models Chapter 7: Building Class Models in UML Chapter 8: Patterns of Data Modeling Chapter 9: Measures for Success Chapter 10: Choosing Your Parents Chapter 11: Designing a Relational Database Schema Chapter 12: Designing an Object-Relational Database Schema Chapter 13: Designing an Object-Oriented Database Schema Sherlock Holmes Story References Bibliography Index
A minimal receptor-Ig chimera of human FcεRI α-chain efficiently binds secretory and membrane IgE (2002)

We constructed a soluble minimal receptor-Ig chimera in which the two extracellular domains of human Fcepsilonhain (D1 and D2) were fused to the dimerizing C-terminal domain of human IgG1 heavy chain (gamma1-CH3). The protein was expressed and actively secreted by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a fully glycosylated soluble dimeric protein. It showed efficient binding both to human membrane-bound IgE isoforms and to the two secretory IgE isoforms. Moreover, the dimeric receptor binds IgE with the expected 1:2 stoichiometry. The receptor-Ig chimera, in 2-fold molar excess, inhibited engagement of secretory IgE to rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing the human alphabetagamma receptor. Full self-nature and inability to bind Fcgamma receptors make this protein an attractive candidate for clinical applications and a novel biotechnological tool for atopic allergy research.
Secretion and Organization of a Cornea-like Tissue In Vitro by Stem Cells from Human Corneal Stroma (2007)

Scaffolding-free pellet culture of hCSSC induces keratocyte gene expression patterns in these cells and secretion of an organized stroma-like ECM. These cells offer a novel potential for corneal bioengineering.
CHEMISTRY OF THE TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUP: PART III. PHENYLBISTRIFLUOROMETHYLPHOSPHINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1961)

The reaction of trifluoroiodomethane with tetraphenylcyclotetraphosphine leads to the formation of phenylbistrifluoromethylphosphine and phenyltrifluoromethyliodophosphine. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed and the physical and chemical properties of these compounds are reported. Bromine reacts with phenylbistrifluoromethylphosphine to form phenylbistrifluoromethyldibromophosphorane which is hvdrolyzed to phenyltrifluoromethylphosphinic acid, C 6 H 5 (CF 3 )P(O)OH.