gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outer membrane permeability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of a wild-type with an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant (1982)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant Z61 has been shown to be highly supersusceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, rifampin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (W. Zimmerman, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Biopharm. 17:131-134, 1979). Spontaneous revertants were isolated, using gentamicin or carbenicillin as selective agents, and shown to have two patterns of susceptibility to a group of 12 antibiotics. Partial revertants had 2- to 10-fold greater resistance to these antibiotics than mutant Z61, whereas full revertants had antibiotic susceptibilities indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain K799, from which mutant Z61 had been derived. Uptake of a chromogenic beta-lactam nitrocefin was studied in both uninduced and induced cells of all strains by measuring the steady-state rate of nitrocefin hydrolysis by the inducible, periplasmic beta-lactamase in both whole and broken cells. This demonstrated that outer membrane permeability decreased as antibiotic resistance increased in the series mutant Z61, partial revertants, wild type, and full revertants. The data were consistent with the idea of low outer membrane permeability being caused by a low proportion of open functional porins in the outer membrane as the reason for the high natural antibiotic resistance of wild-type P, aeruginosa strains. In addition, it was observed that levels of benzylpenicillin below the minimal inhibitory concentration for mutant Z61 failed to induce beta-lactamase production. The possibility that this was related to the observed increase in outer membrane permeability is discussed. Preliminary evidence is presented that the pore-forming outer membrane porin protein F is not altered in mutant Z61.
Identification and quantification of Gi-type GTP-binding proteins that copurify with a pituitary somatostatin receptor. (1993)

Somatostatin (SRIF) receptors of GH4C1 cells occupied with biotinyl-NH-[Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25] somatostatin28 (bio-S28) have been affinity purified over streptavidin affinity columns (Eppler, C. M., Zysk, J. R., Corbett, M., and Shieh, H.-M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 15603-15612). This procedure results in the copurification of a single subtype of SRIF receptor (SSTR2) and associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) that are coupled to these receptors. For accurate quantification it was necessary to: (i) use homogenous recombinant standards; (ii) accurately assess the purity of standards; (iii) determine recovery of G proteins during sample preparation and Western blotting; and (iv) account for cross-reactivity among antisera. Four pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins were quantified with previously characterized polyclonal antisera. Gi alpha 1 also was measured with a novel, more sensitive monoclonal antibody (7H7). Go alpha and Gi alpha 2 but not Gi alpha 1 and Gi alpha 3 were detected in membrane extracts prepared from GH4C1 cells. In contrast, the G proteins copurified with SSTR2 receptors were predominantly Gi alpha 2 (50% of total G protein) and Gi alpha 3 (36% of total G protein), whereas Go alpha and Gi alpha 1 were negligible. G beta subunits also were detected. Silver staining confirmed the absence of a 39-kDa protein, corresponding to the M(r) of Go alpha associated with purified SRIF receptor-G protein complexes. These data suggest that SRIF receptors selectively couple to two G proteins, one of which is sparsely expressed in GH4C1 cells; the data conform to the notion that SRIF receptors discriminate between similar pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins.
The implications of lighted ureteral stenting in laparoscopic colectomy. (2002)

We recommend the placement of lighted ureteral stents as a valuable adjunct to laparoscopic colectomy to safeguard ureteral integrity. Transient hematuria is common but requires no intervention. Reflux anuria occurs infrequently and is reversible.
Synthesis of a Heat-stable Enterotoxin (STh) Produced by a Human Strain SK-1 of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1984)

Abstract A peptide with the amino acid sequence proposed for a heat-stable enterotoxin (STh) produced by a human strain SK-1 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was synthesized by a conventional method. Synthetic STh evoked fluid secretion in suckling mice at a dose of 0.8 ng, which is similar to the effective dose of native STh. The fluid secretion was completely inhibited by antisera raised against the native toxin. Furthermore, synthetic STh showed the same 1H-NMR spectrum and heat-stability as native STh.
A new paradigm in respiratory hygiene: modulating respiratory secretions to contain cough bioaerosol without affecting mucus clearance (2007)

The ex-vivo frog palate and the in-vivo mammalian models used in this study, appear to be appropriate and complement each other to better assess the effects that our mucomodulators exert on the mucociliary clearance defence mechanism. The physiological function of the mucociliary apparatus was not negatively affected in any of the two epithelial models. Airway mucus crosslinked by mucomodulators is better cleared from an intact airway and normally functioning respiratory system, either due to enhanced interaction with cilia or airflow-dependent mechanisms. Data obtained in this study allow us to assure that we have complied with the fundamental requirement criteria established in the initial phase of developing the concept of mucomodulation: Can we modulate the physical characteristics of the respiratory secretions to reduce aerosolization without affecting normal mucociliary clearance function, or even better improving it?
Corpus-based grammar specialization (2000)

Broad-coverage grammars tend to be highly ambiguous. When such grammars are used in a restricted domain, it may be desirable to specialize them, in effect trading some coverage for a reduction in ambiguity. Grammar specialization is here given a novel formulation as an optimization problem, in which the search is guided by a global measure combining coverage, ambiguity and grammar size. The method, applicable to any unification grammar with a phrase-structure backbone, is shown to be effective in specializing a broad-coverage LFG for French.
Identifying the influential bloggers in a community (2008)

Blogging becomes a popular way for a Web user to publish information on the Web. Bloggers write blog posts, share their likes and dislikes, voice their opinions, provide suggestions, report news, and form groups in Blogosphere. Bloggers form their virtual communities of similar interests. Activities happened in Blogosphere affect the external world. One way to understand the development on Blogosphere is to find influential blog sites. There are many non-influential blog sites which form the "the long tail". Regardless of a blog site being influential or not, there are influential bloggers. Inspired by the high impact of the influentials in a physical community, we study a novel problem of identifying influential bloggers at a blog site. Active bloggers are not necessarily influential. Influential bloggers can impact fellow bloggers in various ways. In this paper, we discuss the challenges of identifying influential bloggers, investigate what constitutes influential bloggers, present a preliminary model attempting to quantify an influential blogger, and pave the way for building a robust model that allows for finding various types of the influentials. To illustrate these issues, we conduct experiments with data from a real-world blog site, evaluate multi-facets of the problem of identifying influential bloggers, and discuss unique challenges. We conclude with interesting findings and future work
Idazoxan, an alpha‐2 antagonist, and L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (2001)

Dyskinesia is a frequent and disabling side effect in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with chronic dopa-therapy. Preclinical data in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey suggest that alpha-2 antagonists may reduce dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. We assessed, in a pilot randomised placebo-controlled study, the effects of single oral doses (10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg) of idazoxan, an alpha-2 antagonist, on motor parkinsonian disability and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia following an acute oral challenge of L-DOPA in 18 patients with Parkinson's disease. The severity of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia improved after 20 mg idazoxan pretreatment, while there was no concommittant deterioration in the antiparkinsonian response to L-DOPA. These results suggest that blocking alpha-2 receptors in patients with Parkinson's disease might improve L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without the cost of a return of parkinsonian symptomatology. Further studies are required to assess whether this property could have potential therapeutic applications in the long-term management of dyskinetic patients with Parkinson's disease.
Expressing interesting properties of programs in propositional temporal logic (1986)

We show that the class of properties of programs expressible in propositional temporal logic can be substantially extended if we assume the programs to be <i>data-independent.</i> Basically, a program is data-independent if its behavior does not depend on the specific data it operates upon. Our results significantly extend the applicability of program verification and synthesis methods based on propositional temporal logic.
Cellulose-bound Peptide Arrays: Preparation and Applications (2007)

The way of the development of the cellulose-bound peptide arrays leads via the synthesis of oligonucleotides on cellulose pieces (Frank et al., 1983) and multiple peptide synthesis on cellulose paper discs in columns (Frank and Doring, 1988). Probably inspired by the addressability of the multipin method (Geysen et al., 1984), Ronald Frank and co-workers developed SPOT synthesis and first presented the method in 1990 at the 21st European Peptide Symposium (Frank et al., 1991). Today,
The Use of Chromatin Insulators to Improve the Expression and Safety of Integrating Gene Transfer Vectors (2011)

The therapeutic application of recombinant retroviruses and other integrating gene transfer vectors has been limited by problems of vector expression and vector-mediated genotoxicity. These problems arise in large part from the interactions between vector sequences and the genomic environment surrounding sites of integration. Strides have been made in overcoming both of these problems through the modification of deleterious vector sequences, the inclusion of better enhancers and promoters, and the use of alternative virus systems. However, these modifications often add other restrictions on vector design, which in turn can further limit therapeutic applications. As an alternative, several groups have been investigating a class of DNA regulatory elements known as chromatin insulators. These elements provide a means of blocking the interaction between an integrating vector and the target cell genome in a manner that is independent of the vector transgene, regulatory elements, or virus of origin. This review outlines the background, rationale, and evidence for using chromatin insulators to improve the expression and safety of gene transfer vectors. Also reviewed are topological factors that constrain the use of insulators in integrating gene transfer vectors, alternative sources of insulators, and the role of chromatin insulators as one of several components for optimal vector design.
Structure of the elastase-cathepsin G inhibitor of the leech Hirudo medicinalis. (1980)

The leech Hirudo medicinalis contains three different groups of proteinase inhibitor proteins, the thrombin-specific hirudin, the bdellins directed against trypsin, plasmin and acrosin, and the eglins which were discovered only recently. We are interested in the eglins mainly for two reasons: (i) They form strong complexes with the granulocytic elastase and cathepsin G with Ki values close to 1 x 10(-10) mol/l. Due to this property they are potential candidates for the therapeutic treatment of various diseases. (ii) Although the eglins do not contain a disulfide bridge to stabilize the tertiary structure, they are highly resistant to denaturation by acidification and by heat as well as to proteolytic degradation.
The Immune Regulatory Function of Lymphoproliferative Double Negative T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2002)

Lymphoproliferative (lpr) mice, which lack functional Fas receptor expression and develop autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease, have an accumulation of T cell receptor-alphabeta(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative T cells [DNTC]) in the periphery. The function of the accumulating DNTC is not clear. In this study we demonstrate that B6/lpr DNTC can dose dependently kill syngeneic CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells from wild-type B6 mice through Fas/Fas ligand interactions in vitro. We also demonstrate that B6/lpr DNTC that are activated and expand in vivo are able to specifically down-regulate allogeneic immune responses mediated by syngeneic Fas(+)CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in vivo. B6/lpr DNTC that have been preactivated in vivo by infusion of either class I- (bm1) or class II- (bm12) mismatched allogeneic lymphocytes are able to specifically enhance the survival of bm1 or bm12, but not third-party skin allografts when adoptively transferred into naive B6(+/+) mice. These findings clearly demonstrate that B6/lpr DNTC have a potent immune regulatory function in vitro and in vivo. They also provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of autoimmune disease in lpr mice.
Biochemical investigation during different stages of in vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana. (2010)

In vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bert, an important non-caloric sweetening herb was carried out to explore its potential for micropropagation (both from apical and nodal meristem) and callogenesis (using leaf, node and internode as explant). MS basal medium with 1.0 mg l -1 of BAP was found to be the best medium for shoot formation, with 90% shoot formation response within 12 days of meristem inoculation, both from shoot apical and nodal meristem. Maximum shoot multiplication response (90%) was also obtained in MS medium having 1.0 mg l -1 of BAP, with average of 8.6 shoots per culture vial having an average shoot length of 6.0 cm. The best In vitro rooting response (96%) was recorded on MS medium containing 1.0 mg l -1 NAA within 7.3 days of inoculation. When well developed In vitro plants were shifted for hardening on a mixture of sand + soil + peat (1:1:1) 90% success was recorded. For callogenesis leaf explant proved to be the best followed by nodal and internodal explant. The highest response of callus induction from leaf explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l -1 2,4-D while nodal and internodal explants showed best results for callogenesis in MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l -1 NAA and 1.0 mg l -1 BAP. The highest total soluble protein contents and the peroxidases activity were estimated in the six week old callus cultures derived from leaf explant. Abbreviations: MS= Murashige and Skoog’s medium; BAP= 6-Benzylamino-purine; 2,4-D= 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; IAA= Indole acetic acid NAA= α- Naphthaleneacetic acid
Mammography with Synchrotron Radiation: Phase-Detection Techniques (2000)

The authors evaluated the effect on mammographic examinations of the use of synchrotron radiation to detect phase-perturbation effects, which are higher than absorption effects for soft tissue in the energy range of 15-25 keV. Detection of phase-perturbation effects was possible because of the high degree of coherence of synchrotron radiation sources. Synchrotron radiation images were obtained of a mammographic phantom and in vitro breast tissue specimens and compared with conventional mammographic studies. On the basis of grades assigned by three reviewers, image quality of the former was considerably higher, and the delivered dose was fully compatible.
Gene Expression Profiling Predicts Survival in Conventional Renal Cell Carcinoma (2005)

cRCC displays molecular heterogeneity and can be separated into gene expression subgroups that correlate with survival after surgery. We have identified a set of 259 genes that predict survival after surgery independent of clinical prognostic factors.
Inhaled chemotherapy in lung cancer: future concept of nanomedicine (2012)

Regional chemotherapy was first used for lung cancer 30 years ago. Since then, new methods of drug delivery and pharmaceuticals have been investigated in vitro, and in animals and humans. An extensive review of drug delivery systems, pharmaceuticals, patient monitoring, methods of enhancing inhaled drug deposition, safety and efficacy, and also additional applications of inhaled chemotherapy and its advantages and disadvantages are presented. Regional chemotherapy to the lung parenchyma for lung cancer is feasible and efficient. Safety depends on the chemotherapy agent delivered to the lungs and is dose-dependent and time-dependent. Further evaluation is needed to provide data regarding early lung cancer stages, and whether regional chemotherapy can be used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Finally, inhaled chemotherapy could one day be administered at home with fewer systemic adverse effects.
원저 : 병원행정직원의 간병비 급여화에 대한 인식 (2014)

The purpose of this study is to investigate awareness on medical insurance on the caregivers cost for hospital administrative staff and to provide the basic data for realization of legislation. The subjects were caregivers living in Busan, the survey was conducted from February 18 to March 9, 2013, 283 except for 17 copies of non-response and error response among a total of 300 questionnaires were analyzed. As a result, To improve the quality of care services, there were 51.8% of refresher training needs in refresher training items, 72.7% in favor of premiums increases in health insurance details, as for health insurance coverage subjects, patients`` income were 32.0%, copayment for caregivers cost was 20.0%, which was 42.3%. Refresher training item, premiums increases, health insurance applied subjects, variables for copayment for care fee were related to medical insurance on the caregivers cost. On legislation on the medical insurance, systematic and standardized criteria should be provided to provide standardized curriculum for caregivers, to relieve patients and guardians of economic burden for caregivers cost and offer the stability of the cost.
Agora: a minimal distributed protocol for electronic commerce (1996)

Agora is a Web protocol for electronic commerce, which is intended to support high-volume of transactions each with low incurred cost. Agora has the following novel properties: • Minimal. The incurred cost of Agora transactions is close to free Web browsing where cost is determined by the number of messages. • Distributed. Agora is fully distributed. Merchants can authenticate customers without access to a central authority. Customers with valid accounts can purchase from any merchant without any preparations (such as prior registration at the merchant or at a broker). • On-line arbitration. An on-line arbiter can settle certain customer/merchant disputes. • Fraud control. Agora can limit the degree of fraud to a pre-determined (low) level.

Agora is authenticated secure and can not be repudiated. It can use regular (insecure) communication channels.
Phage Display and Colony Filter Screening for High-Throughput Selection of Antibody Libraries (2002)

During the last 12 years, antibody combinatorial libraries have provided a new approach for the construction and production of reagents and drugs based on the human monoclonal antibodies. Studies employing antibodies or antibody mimics have become an important part of the explosive growth of proteomics. This places tremendous emphasis on the new approaches for faster library screening, improved methods of selection and evaluation of novel applications. The phage display system, together with its variants of ribosome and bacterial display, is the most extensively used method for the rapid screening of large antibody libraries. However, in the last two years the need to improve selection methods together with a complex patent situation regarding the phage display system, has also directed research towards the possibility of performing antibody selection by colony filter screening. Here, we summarise the results obtained by these different methods of selection comparing their efficacy and advantages.
A study of direct versus planned 3D camera manipulation on touch-based mobile phones (2009)

Mobile interfaces are evolving towards touch-based approaches. This allows users to interact with their thumb directly on the screen. Such kind of direct approaches may be fussy for 3D interaction tasks, in particular because of thumb occlusions. In this paper, we introduce a new 3D user interface for the control of a planned trackball, where the users sketch horizontal or vertical movements to observe an object. A user study revealed no significant difference for error rate between this new approach and a standard trackball control. Despite a better completion time with the direct control, the study showed that the subjects preferred using the planned version of the trackball because it limits disorientation.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Stable Plasticity and Generalization of Stroke Recovery (2018)

This study provides the first evidence that VNS paired with rehabilitative training after stroke (1) doubles long-lasting recovery on a complex task involving forelimb supination, (2) doubles recovery on a simple motor task that was not paired with VNS, and (3) enhances structural plasticity in motor networks.
Laser Injuries of the Eye (1999)

With the increasing use of lasers in the military and industry, a moderate number of significant retina injuries have occurred. These injuries have been due to lasers in the visible and near-infrared spectrum primarily, with a pulse duration in the nanosecond range. Use of lasers in the ophthalmic community has resulted also in structural damage to the cornea, lens, IOL, and retina. Because we have no proven treatment for most injuries to the retina, we must continue to strongly emphasize the use of wavelength-specific protective goggles to try to prevent future eye injuries.