gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implications of Thiopurine Methyltransferase-Optimization of Drug Dosage and Potential Drug Interactions (1998)

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sulphydryl compounds, such as the thiopurine drugs azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine. These drugs form the same terminal metabolites, the thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs). One major influence on thiopurine therapy is the inherited activity of TPMT. TPMT "deficiency" is associated with grossly elevated TGN concentrations and profound toxicity after a short course of thiopurine therapy. Variant alleles producing a functional loss of TPMT activity have now been described. Although all the ethnic groups investigated to date have the same wild-type enzyme, TPMT variant allele frequencies vary. Potentially, TPMT activity can influence a number of compounds that could be coadministered with thiopurine drugs. After a therapeutic dose of aspirin, plasma concentrations of salicylic acid are within the range for TPMT inhibition. Sulfasalazine and its metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibit TPMT, and concurrent furosemide therapy could influence the S-methylation of thiopurines. In addition, TPMT could interfere with disulfiram treatment in alcoholism. TPMT S-methylates the diethyldithiocarbamate metabolite involved in disulfiram activation.
The Influence of Pesticides and Herbicides on the Growth and Spore Germination of Trichoderma Harzianum (2015)

Pesticide Biocontrol Trichoderma Spore germination Growth rate In this paper, the effects of several pesticides on Trichoderma harzianum were studied using the growth rate and spore germination test methods. The results suggested that the nine pesticides tested at different concentrations showed different controlling effects on the mycelial growth and spore germination of T. harzianum. Phosalone, Amitraz and Ethalfluralin showed the maximum inhibition of spore germination and the lowest colony growth rate was observed in the presence of Ethalfluralin, Amitraz and Malathion pesticides. The efficacy of the pesticides on the inhibition of the mycelial growth and spore germination showed that they were both reduced with the increasing concentration of the insecticide. The results showed that the chemical control of pests during the growing season may be greatly reducing the population of the biocontroler.
Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma (2016)

Among patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, daratumumab in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival than bortezomib and dexamethasone alone and was associated with infusion-related reactions and higher rates of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia than bortezomib and dexamethasone alone. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02136134.).
Comparison of montelukast and mometasone furoate in the prevention of recurrent nasal polyps (2011)

In conclusion, both drugs seem to have a complementary action and further studies are needed to determine which patients should receive which treatment.
Identification of Calcineurin as a Key Signal in the Extinction of Fear Memory (2003)

Memory extinction refers to a gradual decrease of the previously acquired response when exposed to conditional stimulus without pairing with unconditional stimulus. Here we show for the first time that fear training-induced phosphorylation of specific substrates in the rat amygdala is reduced after extinction trials and is accompanied by an increase in the protein level and enzymatic activity of calcineurin. In parallel, calcineurin inhibitors prevented extinction-induced protein dephosphorylation as well as extinction of fear memory. Thus, extinction training increased phosphatase activity likely via an expression of calcineurin. Calcineurin then created a negative-feedback loop and directly or indirectly dephosphorylated specific substrates, which, in their phosphorylated state, were required for memory consolidation. Accordingly, in our experimental condition, extinction could be ascribed at least in part to a weakening of the original signaling.
Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm (1994)

Femtosecond infrared pulses from an ultrashort high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser were successfully utilized for ablation of polymer films such as polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoro- ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and polyimide. Good agreement between experimental data and calculations from a model suggested that simultaneous absorption of three photons for polyimide and five photons for tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer predominated over the other absorptive channels and that such a multiphoton absorption was induced efficiently.
A Simple Method of Protecting a Secondary Amine with Tert Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) in the Presence of a Primary Amine (1992)

Abstract A simple method for chemically differentiating primary and secondary amines is described in which the primary amine is condensed with benzaldehyde to form an imine leaving the secondary amine available to be protected with BOC. The imine is then hydrolyzed to provide the free primary amine.
Three-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometers (2006)

Integrated optical Mach-Zehnder with three arms own remarkable and attractive properties for applications in both linear and nonlinear field. Robustness, compactness, optical performances and flexibility are improved at the expense of a small increase of circuit complexity.
A Hemodynamic Evaluation of Bilateral Nephrectomy and Hemodialysis in Hypertensive Man (1967)

Three hypertensive men with end-stage primary renal disease were hemodynamically evaluated before and 3 to 4 weeks after bilateral nephrectomy and before and after 6 hours of hemodialysis with the twin coil artificial kidney. Conclusions include the following: (1) The height of the blood pressure and changes in plasma volume (P.V.) are not necessarily directly related in the early renoprival state. (2) Increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) plays an important role in maintaining elevation of blood pressure after nephrectomy. (3) We cannot document that bilateral nephrectomy has a beneficial effect on the hypertension of chronic renal failure during the first month of the anephric state. (4) Renin is not involved in maintaining elevated blood pressure after nephrectomy. (5) Increased sensitivity to ganglionic blockade may follow nephrectomy if P.V. decreases. (6) No evidence supports the existence of a "cardiodepressor" substance in uremia. (7) Increased blood pressure occasionally seen during hemodialysis is probably related to several factors (increased cardiac output, increased TPR). (8) P.V. may fall during hemodialysis even though body weight is maintained constant. (9) If P.V. is unchanged across hemodialysis, cardiac output usually does not change.
Notes: Chemistry of β-Bromopropionyl Isocyanate. I. Synthesis of 1-Aryldihydrouracils (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Chemistry of β-Bromopropionyl Isocyanate. I. Synthesis of 1-AryldihydrouracilsHarry Johnson,Jr, Robert Lovins, and Marten ReintjesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 9, 1391–1392Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online11 July 2003Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01091a640https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01091a640research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Psoriasis: advances in pathophysiology and management (2007)

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1-3% of Caucasian populations and may be persistent, disfiguring and stigmatizing. There is a range of severity, but even when the affected body surface area is relatively limited the impact on day-to-day activities and social interactions may be significant. An understanding of the psychological burden and an appreciation that many patients are currently dissatisfied with their management has driven the development of more effective treatment. In recent years psoriasis has been the focus of intense investigation resulting in an improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis, and the development of new, targeted biological treatments.
Tumor promoter and epidermal growth factor stimulate phosphorylation of the c-erbB-2 gene product in MKN-7 human adenocarcinoma cells. (1988)

Treatment of human adenocarcinoma MKN-7 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol tetradecanoate acetate (TPA) stimulated phosphorylation of the c-erbB-2 gene product. EGF induced a rapid increase in phosphotyrosine followed by relatively gradual increases in phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. On the other hand, the TPA-induced increase in phosphorylations occurred exclusively on serine and threonine residues. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping analysis suggested that treatments with EGF and TPA induced phosphorylation of many common sites in the c-erbB-2 gene product. However, in contrast to TPA, EGF increased the phosphorylation of the c-erbB-2 protein in cells whose protein kinase C had been down-regulated by long-term pretreatment with TPA, suggesting that EGF and TPA induce phosphorylation by different mechanisms. Since the c-erbB-2 gene product did not show detectable EGF-binding activity, phosphorylation of tyrosine of the c-erbB-2 gene product might be catalyzed directly by the EGF receptor kinase that was activated by EGF.
New block copolymers II. Synthesis and characterization of an ABA‐type block copolymer (1986)

Abstract A new regular ABA‐type triblock copolymer has been synthesized by polycondensation of the acid chloride of carboxy‐terminated butadience‐acrylonitrile rubber (CTBN) with hydroxyterminated polyethylene isophthalate (PEI) oligomer. This block copolymer was characterized by elemental (nitrogen) analysis, vapor pressure osmometry, viscometry, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative estimation of block segments has been carried out by measuring the area under peaks assigned to various protons in the NMR spectrum of the polymer. NMR spectral analysis has been found to agree well with the nitrogen analysis of the polymer. The solubility and solution viscosity behavior of the polymer has also been studied.
EXPRESSION OFMet PROTEIN IN THYROID TUMOURS (1996)

Met protein is a transmembrane 190 kD heterodimer with tyrosine kinase activity, encoded by c-MET oncogene. It serves as a high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF), a cytokine which stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. Expression of Met protein was investigated in 116 thyroid tumours using an anti-Met mouse monoclonal antibody (DQ-13) active on paraffin-embedded material. Reactivity for DQ-13 was observed in 77 per cent of papillary carcinomas, in 70 per cent of Hürthle cell tumours, and rarely in other tumours. The staining was either uniformly present throughout the tumour or limited to nests of infiltrating tumour cells. In some Hürthle cell tumours, prominent accumulation of the protein was observed in the Golgi area. Reactivity for Met protein was decreased or absent in poorly differentiated tumours and was not influenced by tumour size, presence of lymph node metastases, or age of the patient. Immunostaining for Ki-67 revealed that cytoplasmic accumulation of Met protein was not associated with enhanced proliferation of tumour cells. Overexpression of Met protein in thyroid papillary carcinoma may result in increased motility of tumour cells, which in turn may account for intraglandular multifocal dissemination and early lymph node metastasis.
X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Regulates T Cell Effector Function (2007)

To understand how the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals influences effector function in the immune system, we studied the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), an endogenous regulator of cellular apoptosis. Real-time PCR showed increased XIAP expression in blood of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, correlating with disease severity. Daily administration (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) of a 19-mer antisense oligonucleotide specific for XIAP (ASO-XIAP) abolished disease-associated XIAP mRNA and protein expression, and given from day of onset, alleviated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and prevented relapses. Prophylactic treatment also reduced XIAP expression and prevented disease. Random or 5-base mismatched ASO was not inhibitory, and ASO-XIAP did not affect T cell priming. In ASO-XIAP-treated animals, infiltrating cells and inflammatory foci were dramatically reduced within the CNS. Flow cytometry showed an 88-93% reduction in T cells. The proportion of TUNEL(+) apoptotic CD4(+) T cells in the CNS was increased from <1.6 to 26% in ASO-XIAP-treated mice, and the proportion of Annexin V-positive CD4(+) T cells in the CNS increased. Neurons and oligodendrocytes were not affected; neither did apoptosis increase in liver, where XIAP knockdown also occurred. ASO-XIAP increased susceptibility of T cells to activation-induced apoptosis in vitro. Our results identify XIAP as a critical controller of apoptotic susceptibility of effector T cell function.
High Power Semiconductor Lasers (1987)

In this paper we will provide a summary of the principles which govern the operation of major types of high power(CW) GaAlAs/GaAs and GaInAsP/InP single mode lasers which are either commercially available or have demonstrated exceptional laboratory results. In addition, a summary of the operation of novel structures such as phase-locked arrays will also be presented.
The Recovery Manager of the System R Database Manager (1981)

article Free Access Share on The Recovery Manager of the System R Database Manager Authors: Jim Gray Tandem Computers, 19333 Vallco Parkway, Cupertino, California Tandem Computers, 19333 Vallco Parkway, Cupertino, CaliforniaView Profile , Paul McJones Xerox Corporation, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, Cahfornia Xerox Corporation, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CahforniaView Profile , Mike Blasgen IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Bruce Lindsay IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Raymond Lorie IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Tom Price IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Franco Putzolu IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Irving Traiger IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California IBM San Jose Research Laboratory, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 13Issue 2June 1981 pp 223–242https://doi.org/10.1145/356842.356847Online:01 June 1981Publication History 334citation2,183DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations334Total Downloads2,183Last 12 Months145Last 6 weeks24 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Analysis of Switched-capacitor DC-DC Converters in Soft-charging Operation (2013)

This paper formulates a formal analysis method for switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converters in soft-charging operation. Through soft-charging, the charging/discharging loss of a SC converter can be minimized or even eliminated by allowing the output voltage to vary to a greater extent. Usually a soft-charging SC converter is followed by a magnetic converter for ripple reduction and better regulation. For any given two-phase switched-capacitor topology, the proposed method can be used to determine whether soft-charging is at all possible and if so, the required capacitor sizes to achieve soft-charging. The proposed method also gives the resultant output voltage ripple due to soft-charging operation. A number of different topologies are analyzed, including Dickson, Series-parallel, Ladder, Fibonacci and Doubler configurations. The analysis gives insights regarding the expected improvement in performance when these topologies are cascaded by a magnetic converter. Through comparison to simulated results and existing work, the validity of the proposed method is confirmed.
Interferon-α directly represses megakaryopoiesis by inhibiting thrombopoietin-induced signaling through induction of SOCS-1 (2000)

Abstract Interferon (IFN)-α has proven useful for treating several clinical conditions, including chronic viral hepatitis and chronic myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. In addition to its well-known antiviral effects, the cytokine exerts antiproliferative effects on many cell types, helping to explain its therapeutic usefulness in these latter conditions. However, this same property accounts for several undesirable effects, including thrombocytopenia, which can interfere with the successful clinical application of IFN-α. Unfortunately, the mechanisms responsible for the myelosuppressive effects of the cytokine are incompletely understood. The effects of IFN-α on megakaryocyte (MK) development were studied. Using several marrow cell purification techniques and quantitative culture methods, it was found that IFN-α directly inhibits thrombopoietin (TPO)-induced MK growth. Previous studies indicated that Janus kinase (JAK) and its substrates mediate the effects of TPO on cellular proliferation and survival. It was found that IFN-α directly suppresses TPO-induced phosphorylation of the JAK2 substrates c-Mpl and STAT 5 in a TPO-dependent hematopoietic cell line and of Mpl and STAT3 in primary murine MK. Moreover, IFN-α induces SOCS-1 production in these cells, which has been shown to inhibit TPO-induced cell growth. Because SOCS protein expression is induced by many cytokines and has been reported to extinguish signaling from several hematopoietic cytokine receptors, these results identify a molecular mechanism responsible for cytokine receptor cross-talk.
Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Crystal MRSA ID System (1994)

A commercially available method for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BBL Crystal MRSA ID System) was evaluated and compared with conventional methods. All 52 isolates of methicillin-susceptible and 142 isolates of intrinsic methicillin-resistant S. aureus were correctly identified in 4 h by the test method, whereas correct identification took 11 to 24 h by conventional methods. The test is simple, rapid, and easy to perform and the results are easy to interpret.
The Significance of Subendothelial von Willebrand Factor (1997)

von Willebrand factor (vWf) serves to bridge between receptors on the platelet cytoplasmic membrane and the extracellular matrix. In addition to circulating in plasma, vWf is deposited into the extracellular matrix of the subendothelium where it is associated with type VI collagen microfibrils, but not with the elastin-associated microfibrils which are present in the deepest portion of the subendothelium at the zone of the internal elastic lamina. The reaction of platelets to type VI collagen in flow systems is qualitatively different from the shear rate dependent adhesion and aggregation response which is observed with fibrillar type I collagen, exhibiting a response only at low shear rates. The adhesion response to type VI collagen is dependent upon vWf, GP Ib and the GP IIb-IIIa complex. Platelets exposed to purified fibrillin-containing elastin-associated microfibrils adhere and aggregate at low shear rates; this response appears to involve GP IIb-IIIa but not GP Ib. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that type VI collagen is a physiologically relevant binding site for vWf in subendothelium.
The neurotoxic carboxy-terminal fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor binds specifically to a neuronal cell surface molecule: pH dependence of the neurotoxicity and the binding (1992)

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration is the accumulation of deposits of amyloid in neuritic plaques and in the cerebral vasculature. Recent studies have implicated carboxy-terminal fragments of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) in the processes of amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration. In particular, the carboxy-terminal 104 amino acids of beta APP (beta APP-C104) have been shown to cause amyloid-like fibrils when expressed in non-neuronal cells and to cause the degeneration of neuronal cells. These data suggest that it may play a role in the development of the progressive neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that beta APP-C104 may cause the degeneration of neurons by interacting with a cell surface receptor. In the present report, we show that beta APP-C104 synthesized in vitro binds specifically and with high affinity to the surface of NGF-treated PC12 cells. Both the cell surface binding and the neurotoxicity of beta APP-C104 are pH dependent and are not inhibited by tachykinins. Mutational analysis suggests that both the binding and the neurotoxicity are dependent at least in part on the presence of a tyrosine residue that is a potential site of phosphorylation at the carboxy terminus of the fragment.
Aspirin and Other Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: New Therapeutic Insights (2003)

Aspirin acetylates serine-530 of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), thereby blocking thromboxane A (2) synthesis in platelets and reducing platelet aggregation. This mechanism of action accounts for the effect of aspirin on prevention of coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis. Aspirin is less effective in inhibiting COX-2 activity, whereas celecoxib and rofecoxib selectively inhibit COX-2 activity as they contain a side chain to anchor to the side pocket of COX-2 substrate channel. Aspirin and salicylate at therapeutic concentrations inhibit COX-2 protein expression through interference with binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) to its cognate site on COX-2 promoter/enhancer. Expression of other genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-4, may be inhibited by aspirin and salicylate by a C/EBP-dependent mechanism. Aspirin at suprapharmacological concentrations inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated gene transcription and protects tissue from injury. These recent studies provide new insight into the pharmacological actions of aspirin and salicylate preparations and implicate C/EBPbeta as a potential target for therapy of inflammation and tissue injury.