gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Path Oriented Approach for Generation of Dynamic Process Models (1996)

The article at hand discusses a tool for automatic generation of structured models for complex dynamic processes by means of genetic programming. In contrast to other techniques which use genetic programming to find an appropriate arithmetic expression in order to describe the input-output behaviour of a process, this tool is based on a block oriented approach with a transparent description of signal paths. A short survey on other techniques for computer based system identification is given and the basic concept of SMOG (Structured MOdel Generator) is described. Furthermore latest extensions of the system are presented in detail, including automatically defined sub-models and qualitative fitness criteria.
A Sequential Motion Compensation Refinement Technique for Distributed video coding of Wyner-Ziv frames (2006)

Distributed video coding (DVC) is one of the fastest growing coding techniques in the current signal processing world. It has its outstanding low complex encoder which is essential for some applications in the consumer market. Driven by the above motive, in this paper we propose a novel side information refinement technique for Wyner-Ziv video frames in DVC. When a bit plane is decoded, it is used to replace the corresponding bit plane in the side information and used for motion estimation and compensation to up date the side information. Then the information for the next bit plane is extracted from the updated side information and is sent to the turbo decoder as in a conventional DVC decoder. This process is repeated until all bit planes are extracted. This technique can be employed with almost all the side information generation techniques from simplest conventional pixel interpolation to advanced techniques such as bi-directional motion estimation and spatial motion smoothing (BiMESS). Simulation results show that over 1.4 dB PSNR gain can be obtained with the proposed algorithm over the BiMESS smoothing algorithm at the same bit rate.
Laparoscopic harvest of omental flaps for reconstruction of complex mediastinal wounds. (2004)

Laparoscopic harvest of omental flaps for the reconstruction of complex mediastinal wounds is a valid and potentially less morbid alternative for the treatment of this infrequent but disastrous complication of open heart surgery.
Gold nanoparticles: opportunities and challenges in nanomedicine (2010)

As a result of their unique size-dependent physicochemical and optical properties, adaptability, subcellular size and biocompatibility, these nanosized carriers offer a suitable means of transporting small molecules as well as biomacromolecules to diseased cells/tissues.
Structure of Escherichia coli Hfq bound to polyriboadenylate RNA (2009)

Hfq is a small, highly abundant hexameric protein that is found in many bacteria and plays a critical role in mRNA expression and RNA stability. As an "RNA chaperone," Hfq binds AU-rich sequences and facilitates the trans annealing of small RNAs (sRNAs) to their target mRNAs, typically resulting in the down-regulation of gene expression. Hfq also plays a key role in bacterial RNA decay by binding tightly to polyadenylate [poly(A)] tracts. The structural mechanism by which Hfq recognizes and binds poly(A) is unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of Escherichia coli Hfq bound to the poly(A) RNA, A(15). The structure reveals a unique RNA binding mechanism. Unlike uridine-containing sequences, which bind to the "proximal" face, the poly(A) tract binds to the "distal" face of Hfq using 6 tripartite binding motifs. Each motif consists of an adenosine specificity site (A site), which is effected by peptide backbone hydrogen bonds, a purine nucleotide selectivity site (R site), and a sequence-nondiscriminating RNA entrance/exit site (E site). The resulting implication that Hfq can bind poly(A-R-N) triplets, where R is a purine nucleotide and N is any nucleotide, was confirmed by binding studies. Indeed, Hfq bound to the oligoribonucleotides (AGG)(8), (AGC)(8), and the shorter (A-R-N)(4) sequence, AACAACAAGAAG, with nanomolar affinities. The abundance of (A-R-N)(4) and (A-R-N)(5) triplet repeats in the E. coli genome suggests additional RNA targets for Hfq. Further, the structure provides insight into Hfq-mediated sRNA-mRNA annealing and the role of Hfq in RNA decay.
Rapid determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples based on derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate followed by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (2004)

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method for determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples. The developed method involves the employment of derivatization and a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique together with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Amino acids in blood samples were derivatized by a mixture of isobutyl chloroformate, methanol and pyridine, and the N(O,S)-alkoxycarbonyl alkyl esters thus formed were headspace extracted by a SPME fiber. Finally, the extracted analytes on the fiber were desorbed and detected by GC/MS in electron impact (EI) mode. L-Valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylanaline and L-tyrosine in blood samples were quantitatively analyzed by measurement of the corresponding N(O,S)-alkoxycarbonyl alkyl esters using an external standard method. SPME conditions were optimized, and the method was validated. The method was applied to diagnosis of neonatal phenylkenuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) by the analyses of five amino acids in blood samples. The results showed that the proposed method is a potentially powerful tool for simultaneous screening for neonatal PKU and MSUD.
Development of the Predatory Stinkbug Brontocoris tabidus Signoret Heteroptera: Pentatomidae on Different Proportions of an Artificial Diet and Pupae of Tenebrio molitor L. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae (1996)

The development of the Neotropical predatory pentatomid Brontocoris tabidus on an artificial diet based on beef meat and liver was evaluated. The predator showed significantly longer nymphal development and lower adult weights on this diet than when reared on pupae of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. The survival of nymphs fed exclusively on the artificial diet was somewhat lower compared with feeding on T. molitor pupae. When B. tabidus was bred on this artificial diet during part of its nymphal period i.e. during the second; second and third; and second, third and fourth instars , and was subsequently returned to T. molitor pupae, the predator nymphs completed the nymphal stage with a developmental rate similar to that of nymphs fed on live prey throughout. The adults attained after switching from the artificial diet to live prey from the third and fourth instar onwards had similar weights to those in the control. Considering the relatively good results obtained with B. tabidus and other members of the pentatomid subfamily Asopinae, this meat-based diet may be a valuable alternative for use in the mass production of predatory pentatomids.
Long‐term biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea after photodynamic collagen crosslinking (2008)

Riboflavin/UVA-induced collagen cross-linking leads to a longterm increase in biomechanical rigidity which remains stable over time. These data support our previous longterm clinical observations and give hope that this new treatment will halt progressive keratoconus definitively.
Ultraviolet Electroluminescence from ZnO/Polymer Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diodes (2005)

We report ultraviolet electroluminescence at 390 nm from diode structures consisting of electrodeposited ZnO nanorods sandwiched between a transparent SnO(2) film and a p-type conducting polymer. The nanorods are embedded in an insulating polystyrene layer. ZnO deposition occurs at 90 degrees C and produces vertically oriented nanorods with very high uniformity over areas of approximately 20 cm(2). Electron diffraction shows the nanorods to be single crystalline wurtzite ZnO. As-grown films show a broad electroluminescence band over the visible spectrum. Annealing at moderate temperatures (T = 300 degrees C) increases the emission and strongly raises the excitonic contribution. Optimally processed films show a narrow ultraviolet electroluminescence line at approximately 390 nm.
Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycemia (糖皮质激素诱导的高血糖) (2013)

Corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia is a common medical problem that can lead to frequent emergency room visits, hospital admissions and prolonged hospital stay, in addition to the well known morbidity associated with hyperglycemia. However, the diagnosis and treatment of corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia is surprisingly undervalued by most professionals, probably because of the lack of quality studies to determine specific strategies of action. In the present review, we discuss the pathophysiology of corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia, focusing on diverse patterns of hyperglycemia induced by the different formulations, and provide clues for diagnosis based on the duration of treatment and the administration schedule of corticosteroids. We propose a treatment strategy based on both the pathophysiology of the process and the mechanism of action of different corticosteroids, and take into account dosing and administration timing to predict the duration of therapy. Finally, we propose treatment goals that differ slightly between the transient and continuous use of corticosteroids based on evidence from clinical practice guidelines of diabetes care both in ambulatory and hospital settings.
Steady-state nonlinear pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil during hepatic arterial and intravenous infusions in cancer patients. (1986)

Hepatic arterial catheters were placed for therapy in 8 patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Temporary hepatic venous catheters allowed direct sampling of blood for hepatic venous drug concentrations. Patients were administered from three to six infusions at rates of 10, 30, 90, 135, 180, 210, and 270 mg/kg/day (0.053 to 1.43 microM/kg/min), given over 2 h, of 5-fluorouracil (FUra). In Method 1, FUra was infused i.v., and FUra was measured in plasma from hepatic arterial and hepatic venous blood. In Method 2, FUra was given i.v. at one time and infused into hepatic arterial blood at another time, and FUra was measured in plasma from peripheral blood at the same site in both cases. Steady-state FUra plasma concentrations were measured by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method. Data were computer fitted to the equations appropriate for a physiological two-compartment flow model with Michaelis-Menten elimination from the peripheral compartment and blood flow rate, Q, between the central and peripheral compartment. Methods 1 and 2 gave mean Vmax and Km values which did not differ significantly; the overall mean Vmax was 2.02 microM/kg/min, and the overall mean Km was 10.9 microM. For Method 1 the mean Q1 value was 0.0803 liters/(kg X min) or 5.26 liters/min, which is the same as cardiac output, but for Method 2 the mean Q2 value was higher, namely 0.189 liters/(kg X min) or 13.0 liters/min. Steady-state systemic and intrinsic clearances and extraction ratios decreased progressively as the dose rate increased. Intra- and inter-subject variation of both Vmax and Km were of the same order of magnitude. As a result, dose rate escalation should be conservative for dose rates above 135 mg/kg/day. The results support hepatic arterial infusion as a means of improving the therapeutic index of FUra in the treatment of cancer of the liver.
p53 regulates expression of the early response gene tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 in macrophage (IRM6P.660) (2015)

Abstract The cell response to pathogens involves complex signaling cascades that affect expression of thousands of genes. Characterization of the regulation and function of genes involved in the stress response is critical since failure of this response can foster the development of chronic disorders such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. A growing body of evidence shows a role for the transcription factor p53 in the immune response. To better characterize the role of p53 in the innate immune response, we performed a microarray in primary human macrophages and identified the gene Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Induced Protein-8 (TNFAIP8) as novel p53 target. ChIP-seq analysis shows strong binding of p53 to an intragenic region within TNFAIP8, which contains a functional p53 response element as confirmed with reporter assays. This region is an enhancer, since ChIP assays show enhancer-like histone modifications and 3C assays indicate chromatin looping with the promoter region. Very little is known about TNFAIP8 function; however, Tnfaip8 was previously reported to confer resistance to Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting a role in host defense. Studies are currently underway to characterize expression regulation and functions of TNFAIP8 in macrophages in response to TLR ligands. These results provide a better understanding of the role of p53 in the innate immune response and the regulation and function of the understudied TNFAIP8 gene.
Segments Crucial for Membrane Translocation and Pore-forming Activity of Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin (2007)

Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, AC-Hly, or ACT) permeabilizes cell membranes by forming small cation-selective (hemolytic) pores and subverts cellular signaling by delivering into host cells an adenylate cyclase (AC) enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP. Both AC delivery and pore formation were previously shown to involve a predicted amphipathic alpha-helix(502-522) containing a pair of negatively charged Glu(509) and Glu(516) residues. Another predicted transmembrane alpha-helix(565-591) comprises a Glu(570) and Glu(581) pair. We examined the roles of these glutamates in the activity of CyaA. Substitutions of Glu(516) increased specific hemolytic activity of CyaA by two different molecular mechanisms. Replacement of Glu(516) by positively charged lysine residue (E516K) increased the propensity of CyaA to form pores, whereas proline (E516P) or glutamine (E516Q) substitutions extended the lifetime of open single pore units. All three substitutions also caused a drop of pore selectivity for cations. Substitutions of Glu(570) and Glu(581) by helix-breaking proline or positively charged lysine residue reduced (E570K, E581P) or ablated (E570P, E581K) AC membrane translocation. Moreover, E570P, E570K, and E581P substitutions down-modulated also the specific hemolytic activity of CyaA. In contrast, the E581K substitution enhanced the hemolytic activity of CyaA 4 times, increasing both the frequency of formation and lifetime of toxin pores. Negative charge at position 570, but not at position 581, was found to be essential for cation selectivity of the pore, suggesting a role of Glu(570) in ion filtering inside or close to pore mouth. The pairs of glutamate residues in the predicted transmembrane segments of CyaA thus appear to play a key functional role in membrane translocation and pore-forming activities of CyaA.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Stimulates Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Humans* (1997)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been localized to pancreatic nerves and demonstrated to stimulate insulin and glucagon secretion in experimental animals. This study examined the occurrence and possible function of PACAP in the human pancreas. The content of PACAP27 was 0.44 +/- 0.04 pmol/g tissue, and that of PACAP38 was 29.6 +/- 6.4 pmol/g tissue in extracted human pancreas (n = 4). Furthermore, in a homogeneous group of seven healthy postmenopausal women, all aged 57 yr, iv infusion of synthetic human PACAP27 (3 pmol/kg.min for 75 min) increased basal levels of insulin, C peptide, and glucagon without significantly influencing basal glucose after 14 min. At 15 min, glucose was administered rapidly (0.3 g/kg, iv). The peak insulin after bolus glucose was 797 +/- 232 pmol/L during PACAP27 infusion vs. 559 +/- 164 pmol/L during saline infusion (P = 0.018). Also, the peak in C peptide after glucose was potentiated by PACAP27 (P = 0.018). In contrast, hepatic extraction, calculated as the C peptide/insulin molar ratio, was not significantly affected by PACAP27, and neither the glucose elimination rate nor reduction of serum insulin after the glucose-induced peak was changed by PACAP27. We conclude that PACAP occurs in human pancreas and stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion in humans. This suggests that PACAP is involved in the regulation of islet function in humans.
Prenatal care : effectiveness and implementation (1999)

This book evaluates the effectiveness of prenatal care interventions and provides a framework for prenatal care that looks beyond the limited perspective of immediate neonatal outcomes. Ultimately, this book seeks to improve the content and the implementation of prenatal care by shifting the focus away from short-term technocentric medical advances to concentrate on the broader public health issues. A unique aspect of this book is its focus on the effectiveness of prenatal care interventions on longer-term benefits for women and children's health. Traditional medical interventions, as well as social support and behavioral interventions during prenatal care are reviewed. Effectiveness is considered within the context of its implications for public policy and service delivery. This book is an important resource for maternal and child health professionals, policy makers and health care managers because it provides evidence of the prenatal care services that improve the long-term health of women and children
Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for human glycosylasparaginase (1990)

We have isolated a full-length cDNA (HPAsn.6) for human placenta glycosylasparaginase using a 221-bp PCR amplified fragment containing rat liver asparaginase gene sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence from the human clone showed sequence identity to both the alpha and beta subunits of the rat enzyme. The human enzyme is encoded as a 34.6 kDa polypeptide that is post-translationally processed to generate two subunits of approx. 19.5 (alpha) and 15 (beta) kDa. A charge enriched region is present at the predicted site where cleavage occurs. Using polyclonal antibodies against the alpha and beta subunits of rat liver asparaginase, we have shown that the human enzyme is similar in structure to the rat enzyme.
Exploiting the Mutanome for Tumor Vaccination (2012)

Multiple genetic events and subsequent clonal evolution drive carcinogenesis, making disease elimination with single-targeted drugs difficult. The multiplicity of gene mutations derived from clonal heterogeneity therefore represents an ideal setting for multiepitope tumor vaccination. Here, we used next generation sequencing exome resequencing to identify 962 nonsynonymous somatic point mutations in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, with 563 of those mutations in expressed genes. Potential driver mutations occurred in classical tumor suppressor genes and genes involved in proto-oncogenic signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Aim1 and Trrap mutations known to be altered in human melanoma were included among those found. The immunogenicity and specificity of 50 validated mutations was determined by immunizing mice with long peptides encoding the mutated epitopes. One-third of these peptides were found to be immunogenic, with 60% in this group eliciting immune responses directed preferentially against the mutated sequence as compared with the wild-type sequence. In tumor transplant models, peptide immunization conferred in vivo tumor control in protective and therapeutic settings, thereby qualifying mutated epitopes that include single amino acid substitutions as effective vaccines. Together, our findings provide a comprehensive picture of the mutanome of B16F10 melanoma which is used widely in immunotherapy studies. In addition, they offer insight into the extent of the immunogenicity of nonsynonymous base substitution mutations. Lastly, they argue that the use of deep sequencing to systematically analyze immunogenicity mutations may pave the way for individualized immunotherapy of cancer patients.
Potential Anticancer Agents. XVI. Isolation of Bicyclofarnesane Sesquiterpenoids From Capsicodendron dinisii (1980)

The cytotoxic drimane derivatives cinnamodial (1), capsicodendrin (2), a partially characterized tetramer of 1, and cinnamosmolide (3) were obtained from Capsicodendron dinisii (Canellaceae). A new compound, 6 beta-acetoxyisodrimenin (4) and ugandensolide (5) and futronolide (6) were also isolated, but were not cytotoxic.
Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data (2007)

While it is generally accepted that data warehouses and OLAP workloads are excellent applications for column-stores, this paper speculates that column-stores may well be suited for additional applications. In particular we observe that column-stores do not see a performance degradation when storing extremely wide tables, and column-stores handle sparse data very well. These two properties lead us to conjecture that column-stores may be good storage layers for Semantic Web data, XML data, and data with GEM-style schemas.
Data-driven multichannel superresolution with application to video sequences (1999)

A method is proposed for superresolving multichannel data with application to video sequences. Based on a generalization of Papoulis’ sampling theorem, nonuniform samples of multiple channels are merged to generate high-resolution data. To overcome sampling ill posedness in the presence of noise, image frames are projected from standard orthonormal bases onto optimal Riesz bases defined by channel point spread functions (PSF’s). The method is therefore designed to perform under practical conditions of noise and other degradations. Unlike existing methods, where empirical models such as Gaussian, sinc, etc., are commonly used for characterizing channel PSF’s, the PSF’s are assumed unknown and possibly different and hence are blindly estimated from the observed data. The estimated PSF’s are then used to construct biorthogonal projection filters for the superresolution algorithm. This approach gives rise to a closed-form solution leading to a high-speed algorithm. The method has been tested and verified on PREDATOR video sequences (PREDATOR data are airborne video sequences of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency obtained by unmanned aircrafts).
The Diels-Alder Reaction in Total Synthesis (2002)

The Diels-Alder reaction has both enabled and shaped the art and science of total synthesis over the last few decades to an extent which, arguably, has yet to be eclipsed by any other transformation in the current synthetic repertoire. With myriad applications of this magnificent pericyclic reaction, often as a crucial element in elegant and programmed cascade sequences facilitating complex molecule construction, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition has afforded numerous and unparalleled solutions to a diverse range of synthetic puzzles provided by nature in the form of natural products. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of Alder's birth, selected examples of the awesome power of the reaction he helped to discover are discussed in this review in the context of total synthesis to illustrate its overall versatility and underscore its vast potential which has yet to be fully realized.