gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HCO 3 − /Cl − anion exchanger SLC4A2 is required for proper osteoclast differentiation and function (2008)

As the only cell capable of bone resorption, the osteoclast is a central mediator of skeletal homeostasis and disease. To efficiently degrade mineralized tissue, these multinucleated giant cells secrete acid into a resorption lacuna formed between their apical membrane and the bone surface. For each proton pumped into this extracellular compartment, one bicarbonate ion remains in the cytoplasm. To prevent alkalinization of the cytoplasm, a basolateral bicarbonate/chloride exchanger provides egress for intracellular bicarbonate. However, the identity of this exchanger is unknown. Here, we report that the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (SLC4A2), is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Suppression of Slc4a2 expression by RNA interference inhibits the ability of RAW cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, to differentiate into osteoclasts and resorb mineralized matrix in vitro. Accordingly, Slc4a2-deficient mice fail to remodel the primary, cartilaginous skeletal anlagen. Abnormal multinucleated giant cells are present in the bone marrow of Slc4a2-deficient mice. Though these cells express the osteoclast markers CD68, cathepsin K, and NFATc1, compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts they are larger, fail to express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and display a propensity to undergo apoptosis. In vitro Slc4a2-deficient osteoclasts are unable to resorb mineralized tissue and cannot form an acidified, extracellular resorption compartment. These data highlight SLC4A2 as a critical mediator of osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro and in vivo.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Crohn Disease (2001)

There is, contrary to preliminary studies, a broad overlap in RBC 6TGN levels as well as for haematological parameters in patients in remission or not and responders or not to AZA/6-MP therapy. This suggests, beside a variability in the metabolism of these drugs, the existence of complex mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, beside the use of RBC 6TGN determination to confirm compliance to therapy, this dosage could be useful in non-responding patients, allowing, in absence of leukopenia, to increase the dose of AZA/6-MP safely.
Update on Parkinson's disease. (1999)

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The hallmark physical signs are tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and nigrostriatal pathway of the midbrain. Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by certain drugs (e.g., metoclopramide and haloperidol) or by cerebrovascular disease (e.g., multiple lacunar strokes). The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the history and physical findings. Dopamine replacement is still considered the most efficacious treatment for Parkinson's disease, but dopamine agonists, formerly prescribed only as adjunctive therapy, are emerging as useful initial therapy. Other pharmacologic treatments include drugs that inhibit dopamine-metabolizing enzymes (monoamine oxidase-B and catechol O-methyltransferase). Injections of botulinum toxin can be helpful in patients with associated dystonia or blepharospasm. Surgery may be indicated for certain patients or when symptoms do not respond to medical therapy. Additional adjunctive therapies include physical therapy, nutritional counseling and techniques to help patients manage emotional and cognitive changes related to the disease.
Qualification of Elastic Memory Composite Hinges for Spaceflight Applications (2006)

Abstract : Future small spacecraft will have a need for lightweight, highly reliable, and cost-effective mechanisms for the deployment of radiators, solar arrays, and other devices. To meet this need, Composite Technology Development, Inc. has developed TEMBO Elastic Memory Composite (EMC) materials, which accommodate very high folding strains without damage, while providing very high deployed stiffness- and strength-to-weight ratios. Over the past few years, CTD has developed and performed extensive ground testing on a TEMBO EMC deployment hinge for radiators, solar arrays and other deployable spacecraft components. The present paper will discuss the details of two flight experiments to validate the TEMBO EMC hinge design on-orbit. In particular, the paper will discuss: 1) detailed design of the flight hardware for both experiments; 2) ground-verification and acceptance testing of the flight hardware; and 3) status of the flight missions.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Epitaxial Germanium on SiO2-patterned Si(001) Substrates (2008)

Aspect Ratio Trapping is a promising technique for heterointegration of Ge onto Si substrates. By growing Ge in patterned SiO 2 trenches, lattice-mismatch dislocations arising from the epitaxial interface can be effectively trapped. However, planarization of these samples is required to enable device fabrication. This paper describes the development and optimization of a chemical mechanical polishing process for these structures. Polishing using diluted Nalco 2360 slurry was investigated, with the addition of NaOCl, NH 4 OH, or H 2 O 2 , for Ge removal rate increase. A slurry mix consisting of Nalco 2360, H 2 O 2 , and DI water was shown to have low dishing and low surface metals contamination, and planarized the Ge Aspect Ratio Trapping samples very effectively.
Upgrade concepts of the PSI accelerator RF systems for a projected 3 mA operation (2001)

To run the SINQ facility at its design current of 2 mA, the primary beam current of the PSI cyclotrons has to be increased to 3 mA—assuming a transmission factor of the target E of 67%. In the context of a feasibility study on how to accelerate such a beam, we present the necessary upgrade steps for the different RF systems.
Vitamin E succinate inhibits the function of androgen receptor and the expression of prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer cells (2002)

Although epidemiological evidence indicates that a daily supplement of vitamin E may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, the detailed mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that alpha-tocopheryl succinate (VES) can suppress the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a marker for the progression of prostate cancer. VES can also suppress androgen receptor (AR) expression by means of transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation, but not ligand binding, nuclear translocation, or AR dimerization. This VES-mediated inhibition of AR is selective because VES does not repress the expression of other nuclear receptors. Cell growth studies further show that VES inhibits the growth of prostate cancer LNCaP cells. In contrast, hydroxyflutamide (HF), an antiandrogen currently used to treat prostate cancer patients, only slightly inhibits LNCaP cell growth. Interestingly, simultaneous addition of HF and VES results in a more significant inhibition of LNCaP cell growth. Moreover, selenomethionine (SM), a prostate cancer treatment adjuvant, shows an inhibitory effect on LNCaP cell growth, yet has no effect on the AR/PSA pathway. Together, our data indicate that VES may suppress androgen/AR-mediated cell growth and PSA expression by inhibiting AR expression at both the transcription and translation levels. This previously undescribed mechanism may explain how VES inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells and help us to establish new therapeutic concepts for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
WAY-VNA-932 (2002)

WAY-VNA-932 is a novel, orally active nonpeptide small molecule which exhibits vasopressin V 2 receptor agonism. In CHO cells transfected with human V 1 a , V 2 , V 1 b and oxytocin receptors, WAY-VNA-932 is a potent agonist at the V 2 receptor with an EC 5 0 for second messenger generation (cAMP) of 0.7 nM. In water loaded normotensive rats, Brattleboro rats, dogs and cynomolgus monkeys WAY-VNA-932 lowers urine output in a dose-dependent manner with a concomitant increase in osmolality. It is expected that WAY-VNA-932 will offer several advantages over desmopressin, a peptidic vasopressin V 2 agonist, including greater and more consistent bioavailability and the lack of pressor activity. WAY-VNA-932 is expected to be useful in conditions characterized by excessive production and/or dilution of urine such as central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis as well as in conditions characterized by inappropriate production of vasopressin. WAY-VNA-932 is the first nonpeptide vasopressin V 2 agonist to enter phase I trials.
Narrow linewidth fiber laser for 100-km optical frequency domain reflectometry (2005)

A diode-pumped single-frequency piezoelectrically tuned fiber laser with narrow spectral linewidth has been used as a light source in applications for long-range coherent frequency-domain reflectometry. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) measurements of Rayleigh back-scattering and Fresnel reflection from a 95-km-long fiber have been demonstrated without the use of an optical amplifier. This is, to our knowledge, the longest distance measurement with FMCW. The high sensitivity and dynamic range of the long-range backscattering measurements benefit from the extremely long coherence length of the narrow linewidth fiber laser, which has been estimated to be 210 km in air.
Stages of activation of hepatic stellate cells: effects of ellagic acid, an inhibiter of liver fibrosis, on their differentiation in culture (2003)

(i) the uniform response of HSC to EA by mild activation adds functional significance to cellular features preceding the transformation of HSC to myofibroblasts; (ii) the high sensitivity of HSC to EA treatment suggests their involvement in any mechanisms of protection by this antioxidant; (iii) the maintenance of HSC morphology might be one of the factors playing a role in the prevention or slowing down of liver fibrosis; (iv) because the effects of EA are concentration- and time-dependent, an arbitrary usage of this antioxidant is a matter of potential concern; (v) the various patterns of HSC activation observed might correspond to distinct activities of these cells, which, in turn, might lead to different outcomes of liver fibrosis.
Cytokine Stimulation of Multilineage Hematopoiesis from Immature Human Cells Engrafted in SCID Mice (1992)

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice transplanted with human bone marrow were treated with human mast cell growth factor, a fusion of interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (PIXY321), or both, starting immediately or 1 month later. Immature human cells repopulated the mouse bone marrow with differentiated human cells of multiple myeloid and lymphoid lineages; inclusion of erythropoietin resulted in human red cells in the peripheral blood. The bone marrow of growth factor-treated mice contained both multipotential and committed myeloid and erythroid progenitors, whereas mice not given growth factors had few human cells and only granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Thus, this system allows the detection of immature human cells, identification of the growth factors that regulate them, and the establishment of animal models of human hematopoietic diseases.
First-principles investigation of the very large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at Fe|MgO and Co|MgO interfaces (2011)

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) arising at the interface between ferromagnetic transition metals and metallic oxides was investigated via first-principles calculations. In this work very large values of PMA, up to 3 erg/cm${}^{2}$, at Fe$|$MgO interfaces are reported, in agreement with recent experiments. The origin of PMA is attributed to overlap between O-${p}_{z}$ and transition metal ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbitals hybridized with ${d}_{xz(yz)}$ orbitals with stronger spin-orbit coupling-induced splitting around the Fermi level for perpendicular magnetization orientation. Furthermore, it is shown that the PMA value weakens in the case of over- or underoxidation due to the fact that oxygen ${p}_{z}$ and transition metal ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbital overlap is strongly affected by disorder, in agreement with experimental observations in magnetic tunnel junctions.
Visualizing search results (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Visualizing search results: some alternatives to query-document similarity Authors: Lucy Terry Nowell Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Lynchburg College in Virginia Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Lynchburg College in VirginiaView Profile , Robert K. France Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Virginia Tech Computing Center Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Virginia Tech Computing CenterView Profile , Deborah Hix Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VAView Profile , Lenwood S. Heath Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VAView Profile , Edward A. Fox Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Virginia Tech Computing Center Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science, Blacksburg, VA and Virginia Tech Computing CenterView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '96: Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalAugust 1996 Pages 67–75https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243214Online:18 August 1996Publication History 78citation1,805DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations78Total Downloads1,805Last 12 Months33Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Relation between inflammation and symptoms in asthma (2009)

Asthma symptoms are the main reason for healthcare utilization and are a fundamental parameter for the evaluation of asthma control. Currently, asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease. A French expert group studied the association between inflammation and asthma symptoms by carrying out a critical review of the international literature. Uncontrolled asthmatics have an increased number of polynuclear eosinophils in the induced sputum and an increased production of exhaled NO. Control by anti-inflammatory treatment is accompanied by a reduction in bronchial eosinophilia and exhaled NO. Asthma symptoms are the result of complex mechanisms and many factors modify their perception. Experimental data suggest that there is a relationship between the perception of symptoms and eosinophilic inflammation and that inhaled corticoid therapy improves this perception. Although they are still not applicable in routine practice, follow-up strategies based on the evaluation of inflammation are thought to be more effective in reducing exacerbations than those usually recommended based on symptoms and sequential analysis of respiratory function. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy is the reference disease-modifying therapy for persistent asthma. Recent studies demonstrated that adjustment of anti-inflammatory treatment based on symptoms is an effective strategy to prevent exacerbations and reduce the total number of doses of inhaled corticosteroids.
Competitive plasma protein adsorption on modified polymer surfaces monitored by quartz crystal microbalance technique (2004)

This paper describes the effects of photochemical modifications of polymer surfaces on the competitive adsorption of serum proteins and cell adhesion (hepatoma cell line HepG2, L929 fibroblasts and others). The UV modification of polystyrene, poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate alters the physico-chemical properties of these polymers in a way that allows the formation of micrometer scaled cellular patterns in vitro by controlling the composition and properties of the protein adsorbate. Using a quartz microbalance technique, capable to extract viscoelastic data in addition to the mass load of the polymer coated sensor, we have demonstrated the importance of the thickness and the viscosity of an albumin adsorbate for the observed cell adhesion in vitro. The quantity and viscosity of surface bound albumin on polystyrene, being a cell repellent material in its native state, is lowered when the surface is exposed to UV of lambda = 185 nm in air prior to the contact with albumin solutions or cell culture media. This promotes the deposition of cell adhesion proteins and explains the observed cell patterns. Apart from this special application the described quartz microbalance with dissipation monitoring provides a useful tool for general biocompatibility studies based on surface phenomena of biomaterials.
New Links Between Inflammation and Thrombosis (2005)

This article is a summary of the Sol Sherry Lecture of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, which was presented at the Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association in November 2004. It highlights work from our laboratory, focusing mainly on new aspects of P-selectin and CD40L (CD154) biology and on the interplay of platelets and leukocytes in thrombosis and inflammation.
Vac8p, a Vacuolar Protein with Armadillo Repeats, Functions in both Vacuole Inheritance and Protein Targeting from the Cytoplasm to Vacuole (1998)

During each cell cycle, the yeast vacuole actively partitions between mother and daughter cells. This process requires actin, profilin, an unconventional myosin (Myo2p), and Vac8p. A mutant yeast strain, vac8, is defective in vacuole inheritance, specifically, in early vacuole migration. Vac8p is a 64-kD protein found on the vacuole membrane, a site consistent with its role in vacuole inheritance. Both myristoylation and palmitoylation are required for complete Vac8p localization. Interestingly, whereas myristoylation of Vac8p is not required for vacuole inheritance, palmitoylation is essential. Thus, palmitoylation appears to play a more direct role in vacuole inheritance. Most of the VAC8 sequence encodes 11 armadillo (Arm) repeats. Arm repeats are thought to mediate protein-protein interactions, and many Arm proteins have multiple functions. This is also true for Vac8p. In addition to its role in early vacuole inheritance, Vac8p is required to target aminopeptidase I from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. Mutant analysis demonstrates that Vac8p functions separately in these two processes. Vac8p cosediments with actin filaments. Vac8p is related to beta-catenin and plakoglobin, which connect a specific region of the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. In analogy, Vac8p may link the vacuole to actin during vacuole partitioning.
Conjugates of anticancer agents and polymers: advantages of macromolecular therapeutics in vivo (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTConjugates of anticancer agents and polymers: advantages of macromolecular therapeutics in vivoHiroshi Maeda, Len W. Seymour, and Yoichi MiyamotoCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1992, 3, 5, 351–362Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc00017a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00017a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1737Altmetric-Citations458LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The dual effect of oxidation on lipid bilayer structure (1992)

Sphingomyelin membranes were prepared with different levels of oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH). Temperature-induced changes in membrane hydrocarbon chain packing (phase transitions) were monitored using infrared spectroscopy. Lipid phase transition characteristics were evaluated from thermodynamic parameters fitted to the experimental transition curve data. At temperatures below the lipid phase transition Tc, hydrocarbon chains pack in an ordered state whereas above the Tc the hydrocarbon chains pack in a disordered state. Compared to the non-oxidized control, the packing of the hydrocarbon chains of mildly oxidized sphingomyelin (less than 10 nmol TBH/mg lipid) was no different at all temperatures below the Tc, and was more ordered above the Tc. The hydrocarbon chains of strongly oxidized sphingomyelin (greater than 10 nmol TBH/mg lipid) were more disordered at temperatures above and below the Tc compared to the control samples. These results suggest that lipid oxidation has a dual effect on lipid order. A more ordered or disordered state may result depending on the degree of oxidation and the state of lipid order prior to oxidation. These results could be important for explaining the structural changes in oxidized membranes high in sphingomyelin such as those found in the ocular lens and liver plasma membranes.
New methods for Quantum Compiling (2014)

The efficiency of compiling high-level quantum algorithms into instruction sets native to quantum computers defines the moment in the future when we will be able to solve interesting and important problems on quantum computers. In my work I focus on the new methods for compiling single qubit operations that appear in many quantum algorithms into single qubit operations natively supported by several popular architectures. In addition, I study several questions related to synthesis and optimization of multiqubit operations. &#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nWhen studying the single qubit case, I consider two native instruction sets. The first one is Clifford+T; it is supported by conventional quantum computers implementing fault tolerance protocols based on concatenated and surface codes, and by topological quantum computers based on Ising anyons. The second instruction set is the one supported by topological quantum computers based on Fibonacci anyons. I show that in both cases one can use the number theoretic structure of the problem and methods of computational algebraic number theory to achieve improvements over the previous state of the art by factors ranging from 10 to 1000 for instances of the problem interesting in practice. This order of improvement might make certain interesting quantum computations possible several years earlier. &#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThe work related to multiqubit operations is on exact synthesis and optimization of Clifford+T and Clifford circuits. I show an exact synthesis algorithm for unitaries generated by Clifford+T circuits requiring exponentially less number of gates than previous state of the art. For Clifford circuits two directions are studied: the algorithm for finding optimal circuits acting on a small number of qubits and heuristics for larger circuits optimization. The techniques developed allows one to reduce the size of encoding and decoding circuits for quantum error correcting codes by 40-50\\% and also finds their applications in randomized benchmarking protocols.